bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (Part 2): the role of the microbiome and nutritional factors
Authors: Khavkin A. I. , Nikolaychuk K. M. , Shrayner E. V. , Shaimardanova D. R. , Veremenko A. S. , Levchenko I. D. , Platonova P. Ya. , Novikova M. F. , Dudurich V. V.
Published: June 2024

This work reviews current data on the structure of the microbiota and its interaction with the host, and assesses the impact of the microbial community on the immune system and the development of chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. This review presents current evidence on the influence of diet on the course and therapy of GI tract inflammation. Studies on the role of microbiota and diet in the pathogenesis of ICD have shown that microbial dysbiosis and Epstein-Barr virus can exacerbate the course of ICD. Certain foods worsen symptoms, while a monosaccharide diet favours remission. The results emphasise the importance of an individualised nutritional approach to improve the treatment of IBS.
Assessment of the effectiveness of vonoprazan C-CBK in the complex of eradication therapy in patients with chronic Hp-associated gastritis
Authors: Karimov M. M. , Rustamova M. T. , Sobirova G. N. , Zufarov P. S. , Khairullaeva S. S.
Published: June 2024

The article presents data on the results of a comparative study of the clinical and antihelicobacteric efficacy of two schemes of eradication therapy in 60 patients with HP-associated chronic gastritis. The main group of patients received eradication therapy consisting of vonoprazane, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and bismuth tricalium decitrate for 10 days. In the second group of patients with chronic gastritis, esomeprazole was used as an antisecretory drug against the background of similar therapy. The results of the study showed that in the first group of patients, the dynamics of acid suppression under the influence of vonoprasane was significantly higher compared to esomeprazole. Also, in the main group of patients, the rate of eradication of HP infection was 93%, whereas in the group of patients taking esomeprazole, this indicator was 80%.
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: features of manifestation in patients of the Moscow region
Authors: Bevz A. S. , Bokova T. A.
Published: June 2024

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD) is a rare, chronic, progressive disease based on a defect in the LIPA gene encoding lysosomal acid lipase, early diagnosis of which may be difficult due to the diversity of the clinical picture. The purpose of the study. To evaluate the early clinical and laboratory symptoms of LALD, the timing of manifestation and diagnosis in patients of the Moscow region. Materials and methods. The analysis of the medical documentation of 6 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency by the results of enzyme diagnostics and DNA-diagnostics registered in the Moscow region: 5 children aged 2 to 16 years, one patient aged 19 years. Boys - 3, girls - 3. Results. In 3 patients (50%), the first symptoms of the disease were detected before the age of 1 year, in two children (33%) - from 1 to 2 years, in one child - at the age of 5 years. The most common early clinical symptom was cytolysis syndrome and hepatosplenomegaly, less often dyspeptic manifestations (flatulence, diarrhea). The average age of onset of the disease is 1.5 years. The duration of follow-up ranged from 1 year to 14 years. On average, the duration of the diagnostic search was 6.75 years, and the average age of diagnosis was 8.25 years. At the time of diagnosis confirmation, all patients showed signs of hepatosplenomegaly, diffuse changes in liver parenchyma, increased serum transaminases, hypercholesterolemia, increased LDL and decreased HDL. Excess of ALT values up to 2 norms was diagnosed in one child (17%), from 2 to 3 norms - in 3 children (50%), from 3 to 5 norms - in 2 children (33%). AST is less than 2 norms - in 2 children (33%), from 2 to 3 norms - in 3 (50%), in 1 child - 5-6 norms (17%). The absolute majority of patients (83%) had c894G>A mutations in the LIPA gene in a homozygous state. Conclusion. LALD is a rare disease, the diagnosis of which is difficult due to the frequent asymptomatic course or non-specific clinic. In most children, the disease manifests at an early age (up to 3-5 years), and the most common symptoms are increased liver transaminases and hepatosplenomegaly. ALT and AST activity, as a rule, does not exceed 2-3 norms. The signs characteristic of DL are detected randomly during examination for other diseases. Due to the non-specificity of clinical symptoms, the duration of diagnosis varies from several months to several years. The main modern method of diagnosing LALD is enzyme diagnostics and DNA diagnostics. If a child has hepatolienal syndrome, a persistent increase in markers of cytolysis and dyslipidemia, caution should be exercised and the necessary diagnostic examinations should be carried out in a timely manner to exclude LALD.
Functional features of the myocardium in school-age children with chronic somatic pathology according to echocardiographic examination
Authors: Shaytor D. I. , Melnikova I. Yu.
Published: June 2024

The peculiarity of the modern pathology of childhood is the increasing frequency of transition of acute forms of diseases into recurrent and chronic ones and increasing primary chronic pathology. Systematic loads on «endurance» during training determine the necessity to study the possibilities of heart remodelling in school-age children against the background of chronic somatic pathology. Objective: to reveal structural and functional changes of myocardium in schoolchildren with chronic somatic pathology according to echocardiogram examination data. Materials and methods. We analysed 32 echocardiogram results in children aged from 7 to 17 years. The main group (n=16) - children with chronic somatic pathology out of exacerbation, control group (n=16) - children of the 2nd health group. Distribution of chronic somatic pathology in the main group: CNS diseases (n=4), kidney and urinary tract (n=5), GI (n=2), glands of internal secretion (n=3), vascular malformations (n=2). All children underwent echocardiogram examination with analysis of left ventricular ejection fraction systolic and diastolic myocardial function, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, myocardial wall thickness, valve apparatus, presence/absence of physiological transudate in the pericardial cavity, and presence of small anomalies of cardiac development. Clinical and anamnestic data of the subjects, echocardiogram method and conventional statistical processing of the obtained results using STATISTICA for Windows software system were used to achieve the set goal and solve the research tasks. Results of the study. In the main group left ventricular ejection fraction was 61,8±1,57%, in the control group - 68,25±1,86% (p≤0,05). Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was normal in both groups (p≥0.05). Concentric myocardial remodelling and increased myocardial wall thickness were found only in the main group in 18.8% (n=3) and 37.5% (n=6) of cases, respectively (p≤0.05). Valve pathology in the main and control groups was 43.8% (n=7) and 18.8% (n=3) of cases. Physiological transudate in the pericardial cavity was noted equally in both groups in 12.5% of cases. Small anomalies of cardiac development were detected in the main and control groups in 31.3% (n=5) and 18.8% (n=2) cases, respectively. Conclusion. Low values of left ventricular ejection fraction and increased myocardial wall thickness indicate a decrease in left ventricular function of the heart and a negative impact of metabolic disorders in children with chronic somatic pathology.
Congenital chloride diarrhea in children
Authors: Kravtsova A. V. , Babayan M. L. , Kharitonova L. A.
Published: June 2024

Congenital chloride diarrhea is a genetically determined disease caused by a mutation in the SLC26A3 gene, located on chromosome 7 at the 7q31 locus. It encodes a transmembrane transport protein that is normally present in the colon and small intestine, where it is responsible for the absorption of chloride. Congenital chloride diarrhea is an autosomal recessive congenital disease. Currently, different types of mutations in SLC26A3 have been described. If the gene is defective, protein synthesis is disrupted, as a result the absorption function of the intestinal epithelium decreases, which is accompanied by the development of diarrhea syndrome. This article describes a clinical case of congenital chloride diarrhea. Clinical case demonstrates a late diagnostic, despite the presence of characteristic signs of the disease even at the stage of intrauterine development of the fetus. Early diagnosis and timely start of treatment determine a favorable prognosis of the disease and guarantee the preservation of the patient’s quality of life.
Iron-deficiency anemia as the sole manifestation of celiac disease
Authors: Magomedova R. A. , Babayan M. L. , Kharitonova L. A.
Published: June 2024

Celiac disease or gluten enteropathy is an immune-mediated disease that occurs in response to the consumption of gluten by genetically predisposed individuals and is characterized by the development of intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms. According to the World Organization of Gastroenterologists, the frequency of gluten enteropathy in various populations ranges from 1:100 to 1:300. This article describes a clinical case of celiac disease, the only manifestation of which was iron deficiency anemia. Thus, we would like to draw attention to extraintestinal variants of the course of celiac disease in order to timely detect the disease, prescribe a lifelong gluten-free diet and prevent the development of severe complications.
Characteristics of eating behavior in obese children, living in the Moscow region
Authors: Kartashova D. A. , Bokova T. A. , Bevz A. S. , Shishulina E. E.
Published: June 2024

Obesity is one of the most pressing problems of modern pediatrics. An important role in its formation is played by an eating disorder (ED). Рurpose. Analysis of the frequency of various types of ED in obese children living in the Moscow region, depending on age and gender. Materials and methods. 150 children with exogenous constitutional obesity (SDS BMI≥+2.0) were examined, 87 of them boys (58%) and 63 girls (42%). Two age groups were identified: group I - age 8-12 years (73 children), group II - age 13-17 years (77 children). The assessment of the NPP was carried out using the Dutch DEBQ eating behavior questionnaire. Results. 89% of the respondents had registered ED. An isolated restrictive type of ED was more often detected (39%), less often a combination of all three types (23%) and a combination of restrictive and emotionogenic types (11%). Monovariants were more often registered in children of group I, and a combination of all three types of ED was more often registered in group II. Regardless of age and gender, the restrictive type prevailed among the monovariants. In children of group I of the combinations, a combination of restrictive and emotionogenic types was more often noted, in children of group II - all three types. Different combinations of the two types were more often registered in girls, whereas of all three types - in boys. Conclusion. ED was registered in the absolute majority of the surveyed obese children living in the Moscow region, regardless of age and gender (89%). The predominance of the restrictive type of ED indicates irrational attempts to control body weight through diet. An increase in the frequency of detection of a combination of all three types in adolescence, mainly in males, indicates a high risk of the possibility of ED transition to psychiatric disorders in this category of patients. It is necessary to use questionnaires in clinical practice for the timely detection of ED in children and correction of therapeutic and preventive measures.
The Effects of Pectin on the Gastrointestinal Tract in Humans
Authors: Khavkin A. I. , Nikolaychuk K. M. , Nikolaeva V. D. , Veremenko A. S. , Levchenko I. D. , Platonova P. Ya. , Novikova M. F. , Tumas A. S. , Vergunova E. E. , Shrayner E. V.
Published: June 2024

The presented article discusses the complex effect of pectins, especially of citrus origin, on functional and biological processes in the body. The main attention is paid to their structural characteristics, mechanisms of interaction with cells of innate immunity and their potential influence on the development and regulation of inflammatory bowel diseases. The role of methylesterification of pectins in their biological activity is discussed. Reducing the degree of methyl esterification improves the bioavailability of pectins and their interaction with cellular receptors such as Toll-like and galectin-3, which is important for their anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesive properties. Structural modifications of pectins have been shown to directly affect their ability to modulate immune responses and interact with the gut microbiota, which helps to strengthen the intestinal barrier and reduce inflammation. Promising results have been shown by experiments using pectins in diets aimed at treating inflammatory bowel diseases such as non-specific ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Despite the anti-inflammatory effects found, the full mechanism of action of pectins and their effect on different types of inflammatory cells, such as Th17 and Th1, requires further investigation
Clinical observation of the patient with monolobar form Caroli disease
Authors: Guryleva E. N.
Published: June 2024

Objective. To demonstrate a case of a rare congenital liver disease, Caroli disease, characterized by segmental non-obstructive fibrocystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Main points. Caroli disease was first described by the French doctor Jacques Caroli in 1958. There are 2 types of Caroli disease: True type with dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts, usually affecting one segment and with a tendency to form stones and develop cholangitis. The second type, which is combined with congenital hepatic fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease and is more common than the true type. When the disease is accompanied by CHF, it is called Caroli syndrome or Grumbach disease. It is important to remember about Crowley’s disease and include it in the differential range of diseases of the biliary tract and liver, such as cholangitis, secondary biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension of unknown etiology, cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion.The diagnosis of Caroli disease and Caroli syndrome is made using imaging studies. Treatment is largely supportive and should be individualized, with prognosis depending on the severity of the disease and the presence of concomitant renal dysfunction.
Features of portal hemodynamics in patients with fatty liver disease: mechanisms of formation, clinical significance
Authors: Zhachemuk S. K. , Lyalyukova E. A. , Chernishova E. N. , Goncharov Ya. A. , Rakhmanova S. I. , Zhernakova G. N.
Published: June 2024

There are few data in the literature on the state of portal and hepatic blood flow in patients with fatty liver disease, and portal hemodynamics at the pre-cirrhotic stage is practically not covered. The aim of the study was to study the features of portal hemodynamics in patients with fatty liver disease at the pre-cirrhotic stage. Materials and methods. The study included 43 patients (25 - patients with fatty liver disease and 18- a comparison group who applied to outpatient clinics of therapeutic profile aged 18-89 years (41.9% of men, 58.1% of women). The average age of the patients was 45.1± 19.4 years. Criteria for inclusion in the study: age 18 years and older; presence of fatty liver disease associated with metabolic conditions. Criteria for not being included in the study: the presence of viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune liver diseases, pregnancy, lactation, taking any medications, narcotic drugs, the presence of acute or exacerbation of chronic diseases. The anthropometric indicators of patients were evaluated: waist circumference (OT), body mass index (BMI), steatotic indices (St-index, Fatty Liver Index), liver fibrosis index (Fib 4). Portal hemodynamics was assessed using ultrasound Dopplerography on a Philips Affiniti 50 device. Sensor C5-1. The following criteria were evaluated: vessel diameter (mm), its cross-sectional area (PPP, cm2), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMX, cm/s), time-averaged average blood flow velocity (TAV, cm/s), Doppler perfusion index was calculated using the formula: V vol SPA / V vol SPA + V vol BB), the stagnation index was calculated using the formula: PPP/TAV. The results obtained. In patients with fatty liver disease, structural and hemodynamic shifts in the portal blood flow system are recorded: an increase in the diameter of the portal and inferior vena cava, a larger cross-sectional area, a low time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity and time-averaged average blood flow velocity, an increase in the stagnation index for these vessels, which reflects the process of remodeling the liver as a target organ in fatty liver disease and its vascular bed, forming a “stagnant liver”. Patients have lower values of the time-averaged average blood flow rate through the splenic vein, which indicates the initiation of collateral blood flow. Portal hemodynamics indicators correlate with metabolic parameters (anthropometric characteristics of patients (OT, BMI), steatotic indices (St index, FLI), but not with the liver fibrosis index (Fib 4). These hemodynamic features at the pre-cirrhotic stage of the disease, correlating with the severity of metabolic disorders, exacerbate structural changes in the liver and necessitate their correction in patients with fatty liver disease.
Biochemical and structural changes in bile in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Vakhrushev Ya. M. , Kosareva T. S. , Suchkova E. V. , Khokhlacheva N. A. , Kim G. S.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the work is to diagnose the early stage of cholelithiasis through a comprehensive study of bile in patients with NAFLD. Materials and methods. We examined 210 patients with NAFLD at the steatosis stage. The diagnosis was confirmed based on general clinical indicators, ultrasound and liver elastography data, and assessment of blood enzyme levels. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the gallbladder, study of the microscopic and physicochemical properties of bile (specific gravity, acidity, surface tension, viscosity, lithogenicity indices, cholesterol content, bile acids, phospholipids) obtained as a result of multifractional duodenal intubation, and crystallography. Results: Ultrasound examination revealed biliary sludge in 72% of patients. Microscopic examination of bile revealed crystals of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate in 75.4% of patients. Biochemical analysis of bile revealed significant changes, expressed in increased cholesterol, decreased bile acids, phospholipids, cholate-cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol ratios. A study of the physical properties revealed thickening of bile and an increase in its viscosity. Crystallography revealed elements with high optical activity, which became the basis for the formation of gallstones. Conclusions: In patients in the steatosis stage of NAFLD, a decrease in lithogenicity indices, an increase in acidity and thickening of bile are determined, indicating the tendency of bile to stone formation. Signs of biliary sludge (putty-like bile, microlithiasis), characteristic of stage I cholelithiasis, are detected by ultrasound of the gallbladder in 72% of patients in the steatosis stage of NAFLD. Bile crystallography made it possible to identify crystal optical markers indicating changes in the microstructure of gallbladder bile in patients in the steatosis stage of NAFLD. When conducting an examination of patients with NAFLD in the steatosis stage, to diagnose the early stage of cholelithiasis, it is recommended to conduct multifractional duodenal intubation with subsequent study of the physicochemical properties and structural changes of bile.
4-week results of “Linni Slim” synbiotic in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Rudoy A. S. , Silivinchik N. N.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a synbiotic in a short-term course (4 weeks), including an extract of garcinia cambogia, probiotics and prebiotics in patients with MS Materials and methods. The pilot, observational, open-label, non-randomized prospective clinical trial included 20 patients with metabolic syndrome (13 males and 7 females, Me age 42 years). A biologically active food supplement (synbiotic) “LINNI SLIM” (PharmlandBIO, Republic of Belarus) was used, including an extract of garcinia cambogia (containing 60% hydroxycitric acid, 0.03 g/g), probiotic strains of the genus Bifidobacterium (B. bifidum, B. animalis ssp lactis, B. longum ssp longum) CFU/g) - 0.066x 109 CFU/g and Lactobacillus (L. Acidophilus, L. Plantarum, L. Rhamnosus, L. Casei, L. Crispatus, L. Reuteri, L. Gasseri) - 0,134 x 109 CFU/g; prebiotics (psyllium husk, microcrystalline cellulose, linseed fiber, inulin, fenugreek). The daily dose of garcinia cambogia is 0.3 g, dietary fiber is 5.16 g. The parameters of nutritional (including bioimpedance analysis) and metabolic status, safety (hepatotoxic effects) and tolerability (gastrointestinal symptoms, 2H-breath test with lactulose and glucose) were evaluated. Results. There was a significant decrease in serum concentrations of insulin (15.2 [9.7; 23.0] Vs 10.9 [6.6; 16.4] mcU/ml; p=0.002), triglycerides (2.1 [1.4; 2.3] Vs 1.2 [1.2; 1.9] mmol/l; p=0.002), values of the HOMA-IR index (3.77 [2.54; 6.08] Vs 2.50 [1.44; 3.65]; p=0.003) without deviation of serum biomarkers of liver damage. Good tolerability and safety of “LINNI SLIM” was established: the appearance of symptoms of dyspepsia, stool disorders requiring the abolition of dietary supplements, deviations in the results of the 2H-breath test were not registered. Conclusion. A 4-week course of using the “LINNI SLIM” synbiotic at a daily dose of 10 grams has a positive effect on the metabolic status of the body (reduction of insulin, triglycerides, HOMA-IR - insulin resistance index) with satisfactory safety parameters. The effectiveness and improvement of “metabolic health” allows the use of the “LINNI SLIM” synbiotic in the initial therapy for reducing (controlling) body weight in people suffering from metabolic syndrome on the background of obesity.
Gender features of localization of epithelial neoplasms of the colon according to the results of retroanalysis of colonoscopies of Novokuznetsk residents
Authors: Korotkevich A. G. , Zhilina N. M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the study. The article It is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the patient’s sex on the frequency and localization of epithelial neoplasms of the colon. Materials and methods. In a continuous cross-sectional retrospective study we studied the results of 3086 colonoscopies for 2019-2020. Results. A cohort of. 980 patients with neoplasia. Analysis of localization and number of detected neoplasms depending on age and gender revealed a significant increase in the number of tumors after 40 years of life. The work confirmed the connection male sex with the frequency of colorectal neoplasms. However, there are significant differences in the frequency and neoplasia localization depending on the sex and age of patients with synchronous colorectal tumors. colorectal tumors. The association of chronic nonspecific inflammation is shown. with colorectal neoplasms. Conclusion. Age limits for screening colon tumors and positions requiring further study have been proposed.
Endoscopic picture of pseudopolyposis in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Budzinskaya A. A. , Belousova E. A. , Tereschenko S. G. , Lapaeva L. G.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To evaluate the frequency of pseudopolypes (PP), as well as their histological structure in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Materials and methods. 165 patients with IBD were examined (113 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 52 with Crohn’s disease (CD)). All patients underwent ileocolonoscopy with taking the material for histological examination in case pseudopolypes were detected. Results. It was revealed that pseudopolypes were found in 27% of patients with IBD (in UC - in 29%, CD - 23%). In different phases of the inflammatory process in UC, the number of PP was comparable to each other. In CD, PP was statistically significantly more often detected at the stage of scars and outside of exacerbation than in the phases of infiltration and ulcers. During histological examination of biopsy material from PP tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory polyp and granulation tissue were verified. Adenoma was detected in one case in each of the IBD. Crypt abscesses and crypt discomplexation were found only with exacerbation of UC. Conclusion. Based on the results of our study, pseudopolypes occur in both UC and CD in different phases of the inflammatory process, which indicates the absence of specificity of these tumors for any of the IBD. The identification of a large number of PP at a pronounced stage of UC, in our opinion, indicates the connection of PP with an aggressive attack, which can serve as one of the criteria for predicting the course of UC. The cellular composition of PP in most cases reflected inflammation or healing of erosive and ulcerative defects, as well as in a small number of cases, the presence of adenoma. Thus, PP requires careful examination during endoscopic examination, if there is a suspicion of neoplasia or dysplasia in the PP tissue, biopsies must be taken for histological examination.
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of lichen planus of the esophagus
Authors: Bulganina N. A. , Godzhello E. A. , Khrustaleva M. V. , Belisova T. V.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the study: to attract the attention of endoscopists and doctors of other specialties to the problem of diagnosis and treatment of lichen planus of the esophagus. Materials and methods. From January 2010 to December 2023, lichen planus was the cause of dysphagia in 7 of 17 patients with unexplained cicatricial strictures of the esophagus. Our own experience and literature data on endoscopic semiotics and treatment of lichen planus of the esophagus are presented. Results of the study. Lichen planus is most often localized in the upper third of the esophagus and is accompanied by a narrowing of the esophageal lumen. The mucosa is hyperemic, dull, with areas of epithelial detachment, erosions, and fibrin deposits. All 7 patients had grade 2-3 esophageal strictures with isolated esophageal involvement (3) or oral involvement (4). Morphological changes were nonspecific: ulcerations, granulation tissue and fibrosis of the underlying layers, atrophy and thinning of the epidermis, acanthosis. Only in 2 cases apoptotic Civatte bodies were detected in the suprabasal layer, which is a characteristic feature of lichen planus of the esophagus. All patients underwent courses of endoscopic bougienage, supplemented by intramural injections of triamcinolone. This manipulations led to stabilization of the esophageal lumen at 10-15 mm without a tendency to restenosis. Conclusion. Further experience is needed to determine optimal treatment strategies, but it is critical to pay particular attention to symptom assessment in patients with skin disorders and odynophagia or dysphagia. These actions will facilitate an earlier diagnosis of lichen planus of the esophagus and increase the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment.
Learning New Words via Reading: The Influence of Emotional Narrative Context on Learning Novel Adjectives
Authors: Dong Yuzhen , Mak Matthew HC , Hepach Robert , Nation Kate
Published: June 2024

People learn new words in narrative contexts, but little is known about how the emotional valence of the narrative influences word learning. In a pre-registered experiment, seventy-six English-speaking adults read 30 novel adjectives embedded in 60 short narratives (20 positive, 20 negative, and 20 neutral valence). Both immediately after and 24 hours later, participants completed a series of post-tests including speeded recognition, sentence completion, meaning generation, and valence judgment. Results showed that participants learned both the novel word form and its meaning. Compared to novel words experienced in the neutral contexts, those read in the emotional contexts (both positive and negative) showed better learning of orthographic form in the immediate post-test, but only those read in the negative context were recognised with greater accuracy in the delayed post-test. Furthermore, the valence of the context was reflected in the word meanings participants generated for each novel word, suggesting that word valence can be inferred from the valence of the contexts. Results from sentence completion and valence judgment were mixed, depending on the task demands. These findings are discussed with reference to theories of affective embodiment and the implications for learning abstract words are considered.
Improving Gradient Descent Optimization through Guided Exploration of Loss Landscape
Authors: Pare Ayushya
Published: June 2024

Machine learning is extensively applied in measurement technology, particularly in the domain of autonomous driving. Gradient descent based optimization algorithms, which are a crucial aspect of deep learning models, often suffer poor performance because of prevalence of suboptimal regions in the loss function landscape. This paper presents Guided Exploration (GE) algorithm that combines local and global search strategies to navigate these suboptimal regions by leveraging information about the loss landscape's topology. It employs guided exploration to identify promising regions in the loss function landscape and then circumnavigates these regions, consequently improving convergence and boosting performance. Experiments show an improved accuracy over SGD and Adam algorithms respectively implemented on the benchmark fashion-MNIST dataset.
EV Charging Station Load Prediction in Coupled Urban Transportation and Distribution Networks
Authors: Li Benxin , Chang Xuanming
Published: June 2024

The increasingly large number of electric vehicles (EVs) has resulted in a growing concern for EV charging station load prediction for the purpose of comprehensively evaluating the influence of the charging load on distribution networks. To address this issue, an EV charging station load predictionmethod is proposed in coupled urban transportation and distribution networks. Firstly, a finer dynamic urban transportation network model is formulated considering both nodal and path resistance. Then, a finer EV power consumption model is proposed by considering the influence of traffic congestion and ambient temperature. Thirdly, the Monte Carlo method is applied to predict the distribution of EVcharging station load based on the proposed dynamic urban transportation network model and finer EV power consumption model.Moreover, a dynamic charging pricing scheme for EVs isdevised based on the EV charging station load requirements and the maximum thresholds to ensure the security operation of distribution networks. Finally, the validity of the proposed dynamic urban transportation model was verified by accurately estimating five sets of test data on travel time by contrast with the BPR model. The five groups of travel time prediction results showed that the average absolute percentage errors could be improved from 32.87% to 37.21% compared to the BPR model. Additionally, the effectiveness of the proposed EV charging station load prediction method was demonstrated by four case studies in which the prediction of EV charging load was improved from 27.2 to 31.49MWh by considering the influence of ambient temperature and speed on power energy consumption.
The connection between love, number of children and self-esteem. Związek pomiędzy miłością, liczbą dzieci a samooceną.
Authors: Zarzycka Oliwia
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to check whether there is a connection between love, the number of biological children owned and self-esteem. The study was conducted using an online survey in Google Forms, which included the Sternberg Trifactorial Theory of Love Questionnaire in Polish Adaptation and the SES Rosenberg Self-Evaluation Scale in Polish Adaptation. 85 people participated in the study. The obtained results do not show a connection between love, the number of biological children owned and self-esteem.
Pendidikan Indonesia Saat Ini Dalam Perspektif Filosofi Pendidikan Inklusi, Serta Implementasinya Dalam Konsep Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Amany Khoirunnisa Mazaya Zata
Published: June 2024

Pendidikan inklusif menawarkan manfaat besar bagi semua peserta didik, termasuk mereka yang memiliki kebutuhan belajar khusus. Dengan memberikan kesempatan belajar yang sama bagi semua, pendidikan inklusif dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar, mengembangkan keterampilan sosial dan emosional, serta menumbuhkan rasa toleransi dan saling menghormati. Implementasi pendidikan inklusif membutuhkan strategi yang komprehensif dan terencana. Hal ini mencakup penyediaan akses fisik dan kurikulum yang ramah disabilitas, pengembangan kompetensi guru, serta pelibatan aktif orang tua dan masyarakat. Berbagai pemangku kepentingan memiliki peran penting dalam mewujudkan pendidikan inklusif. Pemerintah perlu menyediakan kebijakan dan regulasi yang mendukung, sekolah perlu mengembangkan infrastruktur dan program yang inklusif, guru perlu meningkatkan kompetensi dan kesadarannya tentang inklusi, orang tua perlu mendukung anak-anaknya dengan kebutuhan belajar khusus, dan masyarakat perlu membangun stigma positif terhadap inklusi. Konsep Merdeka Belajar menjadi kunci dalam mewujudkan pendidikan inklusif yang berpusat pada peserta didik dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu. Dengan memberikan otonomi kepada sekolah dan guru untuk mengembangkan kurikulum dan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik, Merdeka Belajar dapat membantu menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang inklusif dan berpusat pada peserta didik.
Measuring variation in gaze following across communities, ages, and individuals — a showcase of the TANGO–CC
Authors: Prein Julia Christin , Bednarski Florian Markus , Dzabatou Ardain , Frank Michael C. , Henderson Annette M E , Kalbitz Josefine , Kanngiesser Patricia , Keşşafoğlu Dilara , Koymen Bahar , Manrique-Hernandez Maira , Magazi Shirley , Mújica-Manrique Lizbeth , Ohlendorf Julia , Olaoba Damilola , Pieters Wesley , Pope-Caldwell Sarah , Sen Umay , Slocombe Katie , Sparks Robert Zane , Stengelin Roman , Sunderarajan Jahnavi , Sutherland Kirsten , Tusiime Florence , da Silva Vieira Wilson Filipe , Zhang Zhen , Zong Yufei , Haun Daniel , Bohn Manuel
Published: June 2024

Cross-cultural studies are crucial for investigating the cultural variability and universality of cognitive developmental processes. However, cross-cultural assessment tools in cognition across languages and communities are limited. This paper describes a gaze following task designed to measure basic social cognition across individuals, ages, and communities (TANGO–CC). The task was developed and psychometrically assessed in one cultural setting and, with input of local collaborators, adapted for cross-cultural data collection. Minimal language demands and the web-app implementation allow fast and easy contextual adaptations to each community. The TANGO–CC captures individual- and community-level variation and shows good internal consistency in a data set from 2.5- to 11-year-old children from 17 diverse communities. Within-community variation outweighed between-community variation. We provide an open-source website for researchers to customize and use the task (https://ccp-odc.eva.mpg.de/tango-cc). The TANGO–CC can be used to assess basic social cognition in diverse communities and provides a roadmap for researching community-level and individual-level differences across cultures.
Whither developmental psycholinguistics?
Authors: Gomes Victor
Published: June 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs; e.g., GPT-n) have attracted the attention of many psycholinguists who see potential in them for novel solutions to ancient problems. This paper argues that, thus far, LLMs have not, in fact, suggested any new solutions, but instead just appear to by virtue of their sheer size and opaqueness (both as a model, and as a product). In the realm of cross-situation word learning, it runs into the same issues that long-discussed "global models" do in accounting for the rapidity and low-resourced nature of language acquisition. In the realm of semantics, it runs into largely the same issues as existing conceptual theories. In neither case does it appear to represent a true departure, and as such betting it all on LLMs is risky. Furthermore, there are some basic issues the "double opacity" of such models introduce to the interpretability of results in any domain. This paper concludes by arguing these risks comes with an immediate cost, and as such we should not see them as "free insight machines" but instead keep such costs in mind when deciding whether conducting research with LLMs.
Multivariate decomposition of lifespan inequality: A research note
Authors: Permanyer Iñaki , Sasson Isaac
Published: June 2024

Lifespan inequality is a fundamental marker of population health that has been studied extensively in the last couple of decades. However, little is known about the most important drivers of such inequality and its changes over time. This research note presents a novel method to decompose lifespan inequality in those settings where the population under study is partitioned across several factors simultaneously (e.g., race, sex, ethnicity, education, and so on) and one wants to know which one of them is its most important determinant. Unlike traditional approaches that inspect the influence of each factor on the outcome of interest separately, the proposed method allows determining the contribution of those several factors and their multiple-way interactions to overall lifespan inequality. We illustrate the method using US life tables from 2010 for adults aged 25 and over by sex, race, and educational attainment. In our example, the two- and three-way interactions between factors account for more than 40% of between-group inequality – a sizable quantity that speaks about the non-trivial associations that exist among them. The methods proposed here can be useful in the analysis of inequality in areas going beyond health – for instance, in the broad and expanding field of intersectional inequalities.
Uncovering the Past: DNA Analysis of Skeletal Remains from the Medieval Bosnian City of Bobovac
Authors: Džehverović Mirela , Pilav Amela , Jusić Belma , Bujak Edin , Pojskić Naris , Čakar Jasmina
Published: June 2024

Numerous archaeological sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent a historical heritage and testify to the rich cultural, social, and political life of medieval Bosnia. Bobovac, the capital of the Bosnian Kingdom after King Tvrtko I's coronation in 1377, featured a royal complex with a palace, church, and fortification. Recent molecular-genetic research on skeletal remains from Bobovac aims to uncover medieval ancestors' customs and genetic origins. Fifteen well-preserved teeth samples from Bobovac were processed. STR amplification employed PowerPlex® Fusion and Investigator® 24plex QS Kits, with Y-STR profiles generated using the PowerPlex® Y23 System. Fourteen partial autosomal STR profiles were obtained, enabling sex determination and kinship analysis. STR amplification success varied due to ancient DNA degradation, with larger loci showing lower amplification rates. Kinship analysis confirmed appropriate marker selection, demonstrating high reliability for determining close relationships. Integrating aDNA analysis with archaeological research enhances our understanding of historical populations, connecting archaeology and forensic genetics to contribute to the broader narrative of human history.
PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS DURING THE DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION
Authors: Zhupanyk Olha
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the role of socio-cultural competence (SCC) in learning English as a foreign language, which is considered one of the key competencies for language perception and successful integration into the cultural space of English-speaking countries. The article presents the results of a study examining the professional training of future foreign language teachers for teaching in a digitalized educational environment. It also analyzes the role of socio-cultural competence in language learning.The research includes a review of extensive methodological and pedagogical literature, an analysis of the term “digitalization”, and an investigation into the main differences between “communicative” and “socio-cultural” competences. Additionally, students from the Faculty of Foreign Languages were surveyed about the challenges they face in acquiring SCC.The responses were gathered and subjected to statistical analysis, enabling a detailed clarification of the level of sociocultural competence instruction at the selected higher education institution. This process also helped identify the primary issues encountered by the respondents and identify ways to overcome them.The author emphasizes the necessity for individuals to work effectively in the realm of electronic media and ICT, including reading and creating web pages, finding and analyzing news, and expressing and communicating information in English. Therefore, one of the most effective methods of teaching English is the use of digital tools in higher education classes.The study provides a theoretical justification for the importance of using digital authentic materials in foreign language classes, highlighting the need to optimize these tools according to student needs. According to the modern system of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine, the practical goal for students is to successfully master digital tools and various applications.
Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) as part of the initial regimen in the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) treatment
Authors: Papathanassiou Evgenia
Published: June 2024

Managing non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease poses challenges due to the extended treatment duration and frequent occurrence of adverse effects. Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) is a liposomal form of amikacin, delivered through inhalation directly to the lungs. Recently published guidelines now recommend the use of (ALIS) as a component of the treatment regimen for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease in cases of refractory disease. However, no data exist supporting its inclusion in the initial regimen. In this case report, we present a patient with a newly diagnosed M. intracellulare infection and extensive bilateral disease who received ALIS due to the precarious use of parenteral amikacin. A 64-year-old female patient, with impaired kidney function due to kidney cancer and nephrectomy presented with cough and malaise over the last three months. The CT scan performed demonstrated multiple bilateral nodules and infiltrates, as well as bronchiectasis. A bronchoscopy was conducted and M.intracellulare was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage. Given the extensive nature of the disease, even in the absence of a cavity and given the impaired kidney function, the patient was administered a therapy regimen including azithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and ALIS. The patient benefited the most of the treatment in terms of clinical, microbiological and imaging aspects while avoiding serious adverse effects due to amikacin. It is necessary to always consider the best treatment for the patient even beyond established guidelines in order to achieve the best outcome. ALIS is a promising new treatment that needs to be studied further.
Female Wrestling: The Finger Index «2d:4d» Of Female Athletes
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: June 2024

Aim of study The aim of this article is to present and analyze the research conducted to identify the changes in the values of finger index 2D:4D, in a group of female athletes, intensively and professionally engaged in such types of martial arts as pankration and judo wrestling and pancration. Hypothesis of the study The hypothesis of this study is that female athletes with mesomorphic and andromorphic sex somatotypes, and values of finger index 2D:4D, male type, will have better sports results when practicing their sports - judo wrestling and pankration, which is due to the medical and biological restructuring of their body, under the influence of intense physical and psycho-emotional loads.
The Identification of a Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in Hereditary Human Coagulation Factor VII (FVII) Deficiency Following a Bamboo Leaf Green Snake Bite
Authors: Gu Dayong
Published: June 2024

Hereditary factor VII (FVII) deficiency is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations in the F7 gene and laboratory investigations usually reveal isolated prolongation in prothrombin time (PT)/International normalized ratio (INR). Venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC) is distinguished by the activation of the coagulation pathway, which is triggered by procoagulant toxins in snake venom. Diagnosing snakebites in patients with hereditary FVII deficiency presents a challenge due to the fact that prolonged time PT/ INR is considered the most valuable diagnostic method for VICC. Therefore, it is possible that certain patients may not promptly receive an accurate diagnosis of hereditary FVII deficiency. We present a pedigree featuring hereditary FVII deficiency, which was diagnosed through Sanger sequencing, following a bamboo leaf green snake bite.
Government and Non-Government Employee Perception Towards Sustainable E-Governance: An Empirical Study among Bangladeshi Employees
Authors: Monoarul Haque Md
Published: June 2024

The focus of this research is to investigate the perceptions and satisfaction levels of both government and non-government employees regarding E-Governance, as well as to establish a connection between employees' perceptions and their satisfaction with the system. A quantitative research methodology was employed to collect data through a survey of 180 executives in Bangladesh's government and non-government offices, using purposive sampling techniques. The survey consisted of a pre-tested, closed-ended questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20 software, utilizing descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA test. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between employee satisfaction with E-Governance and their perception of the system. Additionally, the findings reveal that demographic variables such as gender, age, and educational level have no impact on E-Governance perception and satisfaction. The study suggests that the current E-Governance system has significant potential for improvement, given the significant relationship between system quality, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user support with user satisfaction in E-Governance.