bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kecenderungan Kemandirian Lansia di PSTW J. Soenarti Nasution dan Pondok Lansia Tulus Kasih Kota Bandung
Authors: Meilianingsih Lia , Roshalina Ghina , Setiawan Ridwan
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini meningkatkan jumlah populasi lansia. Berdasarkan sensus penduduk tahun 2017, Jawa Barat termasuk 8 jumlah besar lansia terbanyak. Semakin lanjut usia, mereka akan semakin sulit dalam bidang kemampuan fisik. Hal ini harus dilakukan karena timbulnya peningkatan yang dapat meningkatkan kebutuhan orang lain. Kemandirian lansia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, populasi 51 lansia, sampel 34 lansia, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan nonprobability sampling jenis purposive sampling , instrumen penelitian menggunakan Barthel Indeks, Skala Berg Balance dan Pedoman Kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisisJalankan Uji . Lebih dari setengahnya responden setuju sebagian besar dalam kemandirian.Hampir setengahnya responden lebih besar yang setuju = 70 tahun.Lebih dari setengahnya responden memiliki pergerakkan terkait dengan imobilitas. Hampir setengahnya responden memiliki risiko jatuh. Hasil analisa run testmenunjukkan bahwa faktor ketiga yang melatarbelakangi kemandirian lansia memiliki nilai p> 0,05 yang berarti kemandirian lansia lansia diakibatkan oleh faktor usia, imobilitas dan mudah jatuh tempo. Faktor imobilitas memiliki nilai p paling tinggi yaitu 0,794 maka dapat menonaktifkan faktor yang memerlukan melatarbelakangi kemandirian lansia paling banyak adalah faktor imobilitas.
Pengaruh Penanganan Flebitis dengan Lidah Buaya terhadap Penurunan Flebitis di RS Intan Husada
Authors: Budiarti Kurniawan Dewi , Subagja Yiusep , Ratnasari Devi
Published: January 2019

Pemberian terapi intravena dalam jangka waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang paling banyak terjadi adalah flebitis. Umummya dirumah sakit flebitis ditangani dengan pemberian kompres hangat dan pemberian alkohol. Terapi lidah buaya belum umum dilakukan untuk menangani flebitis. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Teknik Penanganan Flebitis Dengan Lidah Buaya Terhadap Penurunan Flebitis di RSIH Tahun 2018. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan quasy experiment, pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling, jumlah sampel 14 responden, pengambilan data dilakukan dengan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian rerata tingkat Flebitis pada sebelum diberikan penanganan dengan lidah buaya adalah 1,82 dan rerata rerata tingkat flebitis sesudah diberikan penanganan dengan lidah buaya 1,04 di RSIH Tahun 2018. Kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh penanganan flebitis dengan lidah buaya terhadap penurunan flebitis di RSIH Tahun 2018. Disarankan hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya penurunan tingkat flebitis pada pasien yang mengalmi flebitis dengan menggunakan lidah buaya, oleh karena itu penggunaan lidah buaya dapat dimasukan ke dalam SOP penanganan flebitis.
Kajian Hukum
Authors: Hariningsih Wintari
Published: January 2019

Pendidikan Tinggi adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya (Pasal 1 Ayat (1)UU No 12 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pendidikan Tinggi)Institusi pendidikan tinggi perlu menyadari hal ini dan harus mempersiapkan mahsiswa agar lulusannya menjadi tenaga profesional.Tenaga kesehatan adalah setiap orang yang mengabdikan diri dalam bidang kesehatan serta memiliki pengetahuan dan/atau keterampilan melalui pendidikan kesehatan (Pasal 1 ayat (1) UU No 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan).Peran perawat antara lain sebagai pelaksana asuhan keperawatan dan kualitas asuhan dipengaruhi oleh kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh perawat yang meliputi pengetahuan ,sikap dan keterampilan,hal ini perlu dipersiapkan sejak dalam proses pendidikan,.Tujuan penelitian menganalisis faktor penyebab terjadinya pelanggaran di fasilitas kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh dosen keperawatan dan peran Institusi penyelenggara pendidikan profesi keperawatan dalam mengaplikasikan kebijakan pemerintah.Metoda penelitian deskritip analitik,sifat penelitian kualitatip dengan pendekatan fenomenologi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan penyebab terjadinya pelanggaran karena jumlah pembimbing difasilitas kesehatan belum sesuai dengan jumlah mahsiswa dan dosen dari institusi penyelenggara pendidikan belum berpengalaman praktik di fasilitas kesehatan serta belum memiliki surat izin praktik.Kesimpulan,integrasi antara institusi pendidikan dan fasilitas kesehatan masih kurang.Penelitian ini direkomendasikan untuk penyelenggara pendidikan profesi keperawatan dan pimpinan fasilitas kesehatan untuk mengintegrasikan antara pendidikan dan pelayanan kesehatan agar lulusan pendidikan profesi keperawatan menjadi perawat profesional.
The Homeland, Imprisoned and Illegal: The Impact of Marginalisation on Views of the Homeland in Kanafānī's and Khalīfa's Work
Authors: Anderson Jedidiah
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with the concept of Al-Waṭan, or ‘the homeland’, in Arabic in The Shell (Al-Qawqʿa) by Muṣṭafā Khalifa and Men in the Sun (Rijāl fīsh-Shams) by Ghassān Kanafānī. Analysis of how alienation from this concept has affected both Khalifa's and Kanafānī's characters is carried out through the lenses of Deleuze and Guattari's theories of rhizomatic associations and minor literature, as well as through the lens of affect theory. The paper also examines parallels between definitions of Al-Waṭan/the homeland in Ibn Manẓūr's classical dictionary Lisān al-ʿArab and Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of the war machine and the apparatus of capture.
‘A stranger to consciousness …’ – Lyotard and the Sublime1
Authors: Zepke Stephen
Published: January 2019

Lyotard’s Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime is a book collecting his ‘unpolished’ (1994: ix) lecture notes on sections 23–29 of Kant’s Critique of Judgment. As such, they modestly present themselves as an ‘explication de texte’ while in fact being a highly original interpretation of Kant’s concept of the sublime that focuses on and indeed exemplifies the heuristic function of reflective aesthetic judgment. For Kant this judgment is neither legislating nor provable, and so is excluded from the realms of both pure and practical reason, but as a result Kant hopes it can unite the faculties by revealing the transcendental conditions of an object’s particularity beyond its a priori conditions of possibility. Reflective judgment ‘endeavours’, Lyotard tells us, ‘to “discover” a generality or a universality in them [particular objects] which is not that of their possibility but of their existence’.
Introduction
Authors: Whitehead Anne
Published: January 2019

The Introduction begins by identifying the three central issues in the mainstream medical humanities that it sets out to address: the restriction of medicine to the individualised clinical encounter, its under-theorised understanding of empathy, and its positioning of literature as a transparent vehicle for conveying another’s experience. The section ‘Rethinking “medicine”’ opens up new perspectives on the clinical encounter as well as urging a definition of medicine that extends beyond its boundaries and concerns. The section ‘Theorising Empathy’ introduces the key conceptual frameworks of phenomenology and feminist affect theory. In ‘Re-situating fiction’, discussion centres on the act of reading which is not seen as offering access to another’s mind but as a key site in and through which the limits of empathy are currently being debated.
Empathy and Mind
Authors: Whitehead Anne
Published: January 2019

This chapter begins to define empathy by looking at how the term circulates in popular scientific discourse. Empathy is discussed in the context of the emergence of brain-imaging technologies and the significant rise in diagnoses of autism and Asperger’s syndrome. The first section, ‘Locating empathy’, surveys the scientific research on empathy and autism emerging out of cognitive psychology, examining how different schools of thought have turned to the neurosciences to evidence their claims. The following section, ‘Phenomenology and empathy’, turns to phenomenology to identify a theory of empathy that is located not in the individual subject, but rather in the world that we share. In the final section, ‘Narrating autism’, Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is discussed as a ‘syndrome novel’ that can open up reflection on the phenomenological dimensions of autism as well as the cultural politics of diagnosis.
Empathy and the Geopolitical
Authors: Whitehead Anne
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on medicine and empathy in the context of global capitalism. It argues that our affective interactions are necessarily embedded in, and inflected by, structural and material relations of power. Empathy emerges as an affect that follows existing routes of privilege. The first section, ‘Medical migrations’, analyses current debates about the relation of medical migration to inequalities in world health and traces the circuits by and through which medical resource is distributed. Turning to Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love, it is argued that Forna pays detailed attention to the unevenness of the global economics of medical resource, with specific reference to Sierra Leone. In the second section, Forna’s protagonist Adrian Lockheart is used to open up the question of how affect circulates, and where it sticks, in the novel and discusses Adrian’s empathetic misrecognition in the treatments of his patients in Sierra Leone. The final section asks whether change is possible in the novel, drawing out the significance of the novel’s double time frame to suggest that the unfulfilled political promise of the past can shape the future.
Empathy and Capitalism
Authors: Whitehead Anne
Published: January 2019

This chapter takes up the question of empathy’s intersection with medicine in the era of biocapitalism. The first section, ‘Emotional capital’, considers the concept of emotional capitalism; a culture in which emotional and economic practices mutually shape and constitute each other. Drawing on Sianne Ngai’s analysis of ugly feelings, I read Kazuo Ishiguro’s representation of narrative voice in Never Let Me Go not as affectless, but as symptomatic of what happens when emotion is placed in the service of the marketplace. The second section, ‘Life stories’, moves on to the question of cloning, asking what kinds of life stories are produced in and through biotechnological interventions and arguing for Ishiguro’s interest in their political, as well as social and ethical, implications. ‘Ishiguro and biopolitics’ addresses the novel’s treatment of the global organ trade, asking how models of flow and exchange affect the capacity to care for others. The final section, ‘Empathy and art’, probes Ishiguro’s critical treatment as art as a vehicle for empathy, arguing that empathy becomes, in his vision, the ultimate realisation of the neoliberal subject.
Setting the Agenda
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Idrees
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks at the events that immediately followed the terrorist attacks on 9/11 and how the neoconservatives immediately tried to shape the discourse by placing Iraq on the agenda. It shows the various institutional and public means through which this message was reinforced and decicion makers’ focus was directed on Iraq.
Conclusions
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Idrees
Published: January 2019

This chapter explains why the book calls Iraq a “neoconservative war” even though its primary executors were George Bush, Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld. It shows that while the primary responsibility for the war lies with these people, the war would not have happened without neoconservative encouragement and practical support.
Chilling Beginnings: Japanese Horror and the British Critical Reception of Nakata Hideo’s Ring
Authors: Martin Daniel
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the UK release of the Japanese horror film Ring (Hideo Nakata, 1998). The film was significant in establishing a new audience for (and critical appreciation of) Japanese horror in the UK. British film critics claimed that Ring was representative of a non-graphic, suggestive tradition in horror, typified by the Hollywood films The Sixth Sense (1999) and The Blair Witch Project (1999). Rather than responding to Ring as a foreign or alien text, critics familiarised the film in order to use it rhetorically to present a sense of difference from teen horror films popular at the time, such as Scream (1996). Thus, in the case of Ring, critics aligned themselves with Japanese cinema and placed the film in a specifically British cinematic (and literary) tradition, all in order to ‘Other’ a cycle of Hollywood films they viewed as populist, sanitised and feminised. This chapter includes a summary of the pertinent literature on this specific debate within horror and gothic studies, followed by detailed analysis of critical reviews in order to account for the positive reception and enduring influence of Ring on the later Asia Extreme brand and cycle.
Savagery and Serenity: Extreme Cinema and the Films of Kim Ki-duk
Authors: Martin Daniel
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the reputation and reception of the Korean director Kim Ki-duk. Kim was a central figure in Tartan’s Asia Extreme brand, and the frustrated efforts of Tartan’s owner and general manager Hamish McAlpine to get Kim’s notorious The Isle (2000) released in the UK uncut, over the ruling of the BBFC, were themselves used to generate goodwill among fans and increased attention. This chapter considers the very specific construction of the Asia Extreme brand by examining Kim Ki-duk films released by Tartan both with and without Asia Extreme branding. Debates around animal cruelty and censorship are considered. Finally, the response of expert critic Tony Rayns to Kim’s increasing visibility is discussed as an expression of cultural anxiety over the changing status of Korean cinema in the West.
Palaeoecological Insights into Agri-Horti-Cultural and Pastoral Practices Before, During and After the Sasanian Empire
Authors: Shumilovskikh Lyudmila , Djamali Morteza , Andrieu-Ponel Valérie , Ponel Philippe , de Beaulieu Jacques-Louis , Naderi-Beni Abdolmajid , Sauer Eberhard W.
Published: January 2019

Pollen data obtained from radiocarbon-dated sediments of several peat bogs and lakes located in different parts of Iran and surrounding areas have recently provided invaluable new information on agricultural practices during the Persian empires, from the Achaemenids to the Sasanians. A review of the published and unpublished data has revealed distinct phases of intensified tree cultivation and pastoral activities during this era.
Minority Religions in the Sasanian Empire: Suppression, Integration and Relations with Rome
Authors: Patterson Lee E.
Published: January 2019

Gauging the importance of religion to the exercise of political will in the Sasanian world requires enormous care. It is all too easy to take the Great Kings at their word as they championed the doctrines of Zoroastrianism in their political pronouncements, especially as some of them also persecuted Christianity. Whether or not such sentiments were genuine, a closer analysis of the evidence suggests a more pragmatic royal use of religion. The political realities on the ground were more often the deciding factor in how the kings related to the religious sectors of Sasanian society. This state of affairs sometimes set the kings against the Zoroastrian clerics, whose agendas were not always in alignment, and it explains why Christian persecutions were usually motivated more by politics than doctrine. Moreover, this dynamic also explains the prominence of the Christian church in the later Sasanian period as kings employed it as a base of support, much as they had the Zoroastrian hierarchy.
Heritage Gothic: Goya Biopics
Authors: Davies Ann
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers three Goya biopics as an example of the contemporary Spanish Gothic and the extent to which it coincides with Jerrold Hogle’s notion of neo-Gothic as fakery. In such biopics the figure of Goya himself comes to encompass the concept of the biopic artist hypothesised by Griselda Pollock as both tragically feminised and exemplary of unfettered masculine sexuality. Yet he also becomes the ghost of the real, deterritorialised through a museum aesthetic. The films examined are: Carlos Saura’s Goya en Burdeos (Goya in Bordeaux), Bigas Luna’s Volavérunt and Miloš Forman’s Goya’s Ghosts.
The Gothic House: Problematising the National Space
Authors: Davies Ann
Published: January 2019

This chapter studies the use of haunted houses in contemporary Spanish films, drawing on spatial conceptions of the Gothic and in particular the argument posited by David Punter and Glennis Byron that postmodern Gothic spaces are unstably located. Following on from the discussion of haunting in the previous chapter, this chapter starts by considering the conceptualization of Spanish historical memory of the Civil War and Francoism in terms of hauntology (as hypothesized by Jo Labanyi). It also considers the problems and contradictions which nonetheless arise from it, not least the fact that, as Robert Mighall has pointed out, Gothic horror tales deliberately evoke ghosts and other monsters so that the repressed anxieties that are called forth may arise as much from the demands of genre as of history. The film NO-DO (The Haunting, Elio Quiroga, 2009) is taken as a case study to explore some of these contradictions through a comparison with the work of Jaume Balagueró, in particular the film Darkness (2002). Such contradictions serve to undermine the insistence of many scholars within Spanish studies on a default meaning of ghosts as repressed war memories.
Conclusion
Authors: Davies Ann
Published: January 2019

In a recent talk, the Gothic scholar Lucie Armitt spoke of the Gothic as inherently about crossing points (Armitt 2016). The occasion was a symposium at my home institution of the University of Stirling to celebrate the opening of an archive relating to the author Patrick McGrath. I attended the symposium primarily to listen and to support colleagues, and found myself fascinated by the insights of speakers on ...
The Cognitive Process of Parable: John Ruskin, William Morris and the Oriental Lure of the Forbidden
Authors: Sasso Eleonora
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the pervasive influence of Arabian marvel tales on Ruskin’s The King of the Golden River and Sesame and Lilies (1865), as well as on Morris’s The Earthly Paradise. More similarly to Marx’s ideological Orientalism, Ruskin and Morris sympathise with people’s misery, with their material life and the Arab townsfolk, and thereby with the criminal underworld. Ruskin’s ideological Orientalism is particularly evident in his lectures and autobiography whose rhetorical language may be analysed through possible world theory, Fauconnier’s mental space analysis and Oatley and Johnson-Laird’s cognitive theory of emotions (1987). By projecting such Oriental conceptual metaphors as East is poverty and East is corruption, Ruskin aims at sensitising his readers to the perils of imperialism. Morris’s fascination with the East is first and foremost connected with the Byzantine decorative arts and carpet-making. As founder of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB), he promoted a campaign against the restoration of St Mark’s Basilica in Venice, the paramount example of Arab influence on Venetian architecture. His connection with the East can be better understood, however, by investigating the Oriental love scenarios in The Earthly
Paradise, whose narrative poems seem to restructure the Arabian tales of the ‘Forbidden Chamber’ cycle.
Consumers of Intoxicating Fruits and Elixirs: The Cognitive Grammar of Christina Rossetti’s and Ford Madox Ford’s Oriental Fairy Tales
Authors: Sasso Eleonora
Published: January 2019

The fourth chapter provides a cognitive grammar analysis of Christina Rossetti’s and Ford’s Oriental fairy poetry and narrative fictionalising scenes of drug consumption. Like consumers of banj (hashish) and opium, Rossetti’s and Ford’s characters (the petrified banqueters, Laura, the princess wearing poppies, Queen Eldrida, Princess Ismara and the blind ploughman) experience moments of hallucination caused by intoxicating fruits, elixirs of life and infusions of wind-flowers. Probably written in reaction to the Opium War, which facilitated the diffusion of opium-based laudanum, used for recreational purposes and health remedies, Rossetti’s ‘The Dead City’, ‘Goblin Market’ and ‘The Prince’s Progress’, as well as Ford’s The Brown Owl (1892), The Feather (1892) and The Queen Who Flew blend together parts of Oriental narratives in order to visualise the temptations of the East.
From Rome to Berlin: Barrymore as Romantic Lover
Authors: McFarland Douglas
Published: January 2019

In four films made from 1926 to 1932, Don Juan, Eternal Love, Arsene Lupin, and Grand Hotel, John Barrymore played a series of leading men embroiled in passionate affairs. He showed himself adept at playing the accomplished flirt, the psychologically damaged lothario, the drunken target of seduction, and the sophisticated partner in crime. As this essay shows, these roles display a breadth of characterization and reveal Barrymore’s skill as an actor in both silent and sound films.
The Power of Stillness: John Barrymore’s Performance in Svengali
Authors: Carson Diane
Published: January 2019

This essay examines the verbal and nonverbal characteristics of Barrymore’s performance as Svengali in the 1931 film of the same name. German Expressionism influences the art direction and the acting flourishes, but Barrymore’s performance controls and anchors the film. Svengali’s hypnotic manipulation of Trilby, and her singing and interaction with others, offers a fruitful area for analysis of performance’s relation to gender politics.
Handling Time: The Passing of Tradition in A Bill of Divorcement
Authors: Varndell Daniel
Published: January 2019

This essay analyses the mature performances of John Barrymore, analysing what in his work classifies him as a “classical actor.” The chapter looks at Barrymore’s work in later films, in particular George Cukor’s A Bill of Divorcement (1932), as an example of how performative secrets are shared from one generation to the next, a theme that Cukor’s film itself explores.
John Barrymore’s Sparkling Topaze
Authors: Rybin Steven
Published: January 2019

In Topaze (1933) John Barrymore plays Professor Topaze, a principled man who unwittingly becomes a shill for a dishonest consumer product. This essay connects Barrymore’s complex and subtle characterization of Topaze’s existential and career crisis to the public and biographical perception of Barrymore, and also in relation to ideas about melodrama and visibility in film performance. In doing so, the chapter shows how Barrymore’s performance discloses the character Topaze’s discovery of the power of irony.
The Beginnings of Civilisation: Television Travels to Greece with Mortimer Wheeler and Compton Mackenzie
Authors: Wyver John
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers two early BBC television documentary series about ancient Greece and its legacy: Armchair Voyage: Hellenic Cruise (1958) written and presented by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, and Sir Compton Mackenzie’s The Glory that was Greece (1959). Making use of archival documentation from the BBC Written Archives Centre, including audience research reports, the chapter details the network of influences on the series. It is argued that these series draw on earlier forms of encounters with and depictions of the sites of ancient Greece, including the Grand Tour, 19th-century photography, tourism, film travelogues and radio programming. In addition, the chapter details the ways in which these two series contributed centrally to establishing the fundamentals of the emerging form of the presenter-led documentary. This approach to documentary flourished a decade later in the BBC series Civilisation (1969), with Sir Kenneth Clark. Similar series centred on a journey with a presenter who acts as a surrogate for the viewer remain dominant in history and arts programming for television.
Tragedy for Teens: Ancient Greek Tragedy on BBC and ITV Schools Television in the 1960s
Authors: Wrigley Amanda
Published: January 2019

This chapter offers a comparative impression of how the BBC and the independent television company Associated-Rediffusion produced Greek tragedy for non-specialist teen audiences via schools drama strands in the early 1960s, considering the different ways in which these dramas were presented in order to address the potency of teenagers and their imagined role in society at the beginning of this socially and culturally progressive decade. An assessment of the archival evidence for a number of schools productions of Greek tragedy in this period, together with textual analysis of extant programmes, suggests characteristic differences in pedagogic style and broader motivations between the BBC and Associated-Rediffusion, with the BBC focusing on the modernity of the theatrical canon and the independent company being primarily concerned with the imaginative and emotional engagement of the teen viewer. The evidence for audience engagement (pupils and teachers) bears out the greater success of the ITV broadcasts in communicating with teenagers in 1960s secondary moderns (where these ‘off-syllabus’ programmes were most often viewed), especially via the documentary framing techniques which integrated welcome contextual and historical information within the dramatic presentation.
The Serpent Son (1979): A Science Fiction Aesthetic?
Authors: Keen Tony
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses the aesthetics of the BBC’s 1979 production of Frederick Raphael and Kenneth McLeish’s The Serpent Son, an adaptation of Aeschylus’ Oresteia trilogy, which critics at the time associated with science fiction. Certainly, the design of costumes, sets, props and lighting, together with the direction and camerawork, gave this trilogy a non-realist studio-bound visual style familiar to contemporary British television science fiction series, such as Doctor Who, Blake’s Seven and The
Tomorrow People. By examining elements of the mise-en-scène, this chapter assesses whether this was a deliberate choice. It argues that, whilst the similarities are there, the aesthetic is as much the result of production methods employed at the time by the BBC, and general non-mimetic approaches to the production of Greek drama on screen, as it is any deliberate attempt to recall the science fiction genre. But the choice of a non-realist aesthetic for Greek tragedy is also a clear statement about the producers’ view of the connection between the modern audience and ancient Greek texts. This is the dominant visual aesthetic of productions of Greek tragedy on British television around this time, many of which employed similar distancing effects.
Greek Myth in the Whoniverse
Authors: Potter Amanda
Published: January 2019

Along with 21st-century spinoffs The Sarah Jane Adventures and Torchwood, the iconic British science fiction series Doctor Who has engaged with Greek mythological characters and storylines across five decades. This chapter explores trends in this engagement. Troy and Atlantis are settings for the time-travelling Doctor inadvertently to set in motion events leading to their fall (‘The Myth Makers’, 1965, ‘Time Monster’, 1972), Medusa and the Minotaur are creatures in a fantasy world (‘The Mind Robber’, 1968) and stories of the Argonauts, the Minotaur and the Trojan War are set in space (‘Underworld’, 1978, ‘The Armageddon Factor’, 1979 and ‘The Horns of Nimon’, 1979-80). More recently, Greek mythological objects are cast as alien: e.g. Philoctetes (‘Greeks Bearing Gifts’, 2006), the Gorgon (‘The Eye of the Gorgon’, 2007), Pandora’s box (‘The Pandorica Opens’, 2010), the Minotaur (‘The God Complex’, 2011), and the Siren (‘The Curse of the Black Spot’, 2011). Evidence for the popularity of Greek mythology amongst contemporary viewers is discussed. By tracing shifting intersections between Greek myth and the ever-developing mythology of Doctor Who, this chapter considers how the long-running series anticipates, plays with and informs audience knowledge of Greek mythology, and spurs them on towards criticism and invention.
Greece in the Making: From Intention to Practicalities in Television Documentaries. A Conversation with
Authors: Scott Michael , Wilson David
Published: January 2019

Drawing upon the experiences and expertise of the presenter and historian Dr Michael Scott and the director and producer David Wilson, who worked together on the BBC4 documentaries Delphi: The Bellybutton of the Ancient World (2010), Guilty Pleasures: Luxury in Ancient Greece (2011) and Ancient Greece: The Greatest Show on Earth (2013), this chapter examines the contingencies and complexities of putting ancient Greece on screen. In conversation with Fiona Hobden, one of the editors of this volume, Scott and Wilson explore the production process from commissioning to writing, and through filming and editing. In particular they highlight how television treatments of ancient Greece are variously informed by commissioning agendas, financial budgets, physical conditions and practical constraints during on-location filming, and the technological possibilities of the medium. In the process they shed light on the character and value of ancient Greece on television, and its persistent appeal to a section of the audience.
James Dunbar and Ideas of Sociality and Language in Eighteenth-Century Scotland
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

Uses Dunbar’s distinctive account of sociality to highlight some aspects of the wider Scottish discussion. Central to Dunbar’s argument is his own version of stadial theory that enables him to argue that human sociality is neither instinctive nor rational. Among others, Kames’ alternative position is used as a foil.
‘Climate’ in the Eighteenth Century: James Dunbar and the Scottish Case
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

Climate as a category was often used to explain social diversity; the alternative was to invoke history. Dunbar provides a middle-way between these two positions, as represented by Montesquieu’s account of physical causes and Hume’s account of moral causes. He articulates a notion of local circumstances as a key to a reconciliation.
Finding Space for Civil Society in the Scottish Enlightenment
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

Develops an argument that the Scots establish a conceptual space that becomes in later thought termed a civil society. In constructing that space they are partly reflecting some features of their own society but also intellectually they oppose three dominant strands of political thinking – rationalism, absolutism and republicanism. In their place the Scots articulate the idea of society as an interlocking set of institutions, behaviours and values that have themselves evolved. This combination of ‘sociology’ and ‘history’ allowed them to theorise about their contemporary society as distinctively ‘commercial’. In so doing they re-calibrated the place of the state and because this society was based on the interactions of socialised/ moralised free individuals, within a common established framework of law, it properly allowed a variety of institutions and value-systems to co-exist. Together these are key characteristics of civil society.
Science and Superstition: Hume and Conservatism
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

The common argument that Hume is a conservative is interrogated. Its accuracy once subject to further inspection is suspect and fails to capture a key characteristic of Hume’s socio-political thought. After identifying those aspects of Hume’s thought that most securely underwrite attributing the conservative label, it is argued nonetheless that the conservative label is at least insecure. It is further claimed that when his commitment to ‘science’ and his polemics against superstition, and other ‘chimerical’ practices and principles, are taken on board then the stronger case that the label is a distortion can be judged to have substance.
Hume on Happiness
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

Examines Hume’s understanding of happiness, what it is and what its role or significance is. His argument is placed in the context of two historically salient senses of happiness, as eudaimonic (represented by Aristotle) and hedonic (represented by Bentham). Further elucidation of Hume’s position is provided by a comparison with Stoicsm and the modern discipline of ‘happiness studies’. Hume’s argument is integral to his broad defence of the material advantages of commercial society.
Smith and Science
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

The analysis is divided into four Parts. The first examines the ‘Enlightenment commitment’ - the high value placed on science - and notes what can be gleaned of Smith’s own exposure to scientific thinking. Next the focus is on Smith as a commentator, his specific account of science as the discovery of connecting principles. The third and longest Part discusses ‘Smith the scientist’ - outlining and illustrating by means of a couple of case-studies his commitment to causal explanation in the form of ‘soft determinism’. In the brief final Part the point made is that Smith does not divorce scientific ‘findings’ from moral significance.
Adam Smith on Liberty ‘in our present sense of the word’
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

The paper explores what Smith’s self-conscious reference to freedom ‘in our present sense of the word’ reveals about his understanding of modernity. Using the exact textual reference in the Wealth of Nations, a distinction is drawn between private (discretionary) and civic liberty. The latter is outmoded as manifest in its support for sumptuary legislation and its embodiment in the restrictive practices of corporations. The former embodies the modern meaning of freedom because unlike the latter it enables the dissemination of universal opulence which the use of civic liberty constricts.
Family Background: Clapham and After
Authors: de Gay Jane
Published: January 2019

This chapter demonstrates that, although Woolf’s own parents, Leslie and Julia Stephen, were famously agnostic, her wider family was rooted in the Evangelicalism of the Clapham Sect. The chapter presents a detailed history of the involvement of Woolf’s family in the evolution of the Sect, starting with the influential theologies of her great-great-grandfather Rev Henry Venn, and continuing with the anti-slavery activities of her great-grandfather and grandfather, James and Sir James Stephen. Concentrating on her feminist-pacifist essay, Three Guineas, the chapter shows that although Woolf was critical of her ancestors for their religious, patriarchal and imperialist agendas, she also appropriated some of their values. The chapter then explores how conservative values – about women’s roles in particular – persisted, even as later generations of Stephens parted with the faith. It concludes by considering the important role played by Woolf’s Quaker aunt, Caroline Emelia Stephen, in the development of both her spirituality and her feminism.
Sacred Spaces: Churches and Cathedrals
Authors: de Gay Jane
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Woolf’s conceptualization of sacred space in relation to her interest in the gendered division of space, and her interrogation of the concept of the sacred, with its implications of both exclusivity and holiness. The chapter examines Woolf’s experiences of churches and cathedrals, starting with her early journals and her formative encounter with Hagia Sophia in Constantinople in 1906. It then discusses her frequent references to English places of worship, most significantly St Paul’s Cathedral and Westminster Abbey, both as symbols of patriarchal and imperial power, but also as places for reflection, sanctuary and even prayer.
Conclusion: A New Religion?
Authors: de Gay Jane
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides a summary of the deeply ambivalent responses that Woolf takes towards Christian culture, before moving on to provide a nuanced account of Woolf’s views and how they sit with Christian ideas. It then argues that a useful way of understanding Woolf’s complex response to Christianity is to see it as a form of feminist theology: just as she is widely recognised for having paved the way for the concerns and arguments of second-wave feminism, so she also anticipated more radical approaches to religion.
‘None of That “My Good Woman” Stuff’: Outsider Observations
Authors: Hubble Nick
Published: January 2019

This chapter analyses texts such as Virginia Woolf’s introductory letter to Life as We Have Known It, George Orwell’s The Road to Wigan Pier (and its influence in the 1950s), John Sommerfield’s Trouble in Porter Street, Tom Harrisson and Charles Madge’s Britain by Mass Observation and Naomi Mitchison’s Among You Taking Notes, in an investigation of the destinations of the proletarian-modernist trajectory from the late 1930s and on through the Second World war and into the postwar welfare state. In particular, the respective works of Woolf and Mitchison are analysed as attempts to resolve the ‘modernist question’ of the relationship between the individual and the collective by rethinking the relationship between the public and private spheres to produce feminist counter-public spheres that can be seen as versions of ‘proletarian literature’ that were not dependent on the patriarchal structures that were often found in male socialist organisations.
Mathematics and Politics: Thomas Pynchon, against the Day
Authors: Engelhardt Nina
Published: January 2019

Chapter 1 on Pynchon’s Against the Day focuses on interrelations between mathematics and politics as domains that are both shaken by crises of fundamental beliefs. It examines how Pynchon’s novel draws on the history of mathematics and on concrete concepts to explore the crisis of representation, the transformation of anarchism from political to artistic expression, and the possibilities inherent in imaginary domains. Main mathematical concepts and metaphors include imaginary and complex numbers and the ‘foundational crisis of mathematics’, which Against the Day establishes as producing a mathematics that is ‘an-archistic’ in terms of its loss of foundations and that forms part of the exploration of anarchism across the twentieth century. This chapter demonstrates the centrality of mathematics to Against the Day’s renegotiations of possibilities and responsibilities of the political and the literary, and it shows how the novel’s reimagining of modernism illustrates the relevance of mathematics in developing twenty-first-century responses to the crisis of modernity.
Mathematics, Language, Structure: Hermann Broch, the Sleepwalkers
Authors: Engelhardt Nina
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2, focusing on Broch’s The Sleepwalkers, analyses relations between mathematics and turn-of-the-century scepticism of language and investigation of form. The novel trilogy engages with research on the relations of mathematics and language, particularly by Gottlob Frege, and with the new approaches that emerge with it: the formalised language of analytic philosophy and literary formalism’s concentration on language as the basic building block of texts. The chapter also investigates how a competition of methodologies in modern mathematics informs the innovative form of the trilogy: it argues that the stylistically experimental third novel is informed by the central debate in the foundational crisis of mathematics, and traces the trilogy’s visions of total disintegration and valuelessness and, on the other hand, renewal through a counter-movement towards a non-rational element of common intuition to formalist and intuitionist approaches in mathematics. With its main focus on ways in which mathematics features as a structural model in The Sleepwalkers, this chapter shows how the trilogy presents mathematics as deeply implicated in the cultural development and explores the role of its modernist transformation for the form of the trilogy and Broch’s conception of modernist literature.
A New Feminist Venture: Work, Professionalism and the Modern Woman
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses Time and Tide’s early feminist identity through an exploration of its close interdependence, and competition, within the feminist and women’s press. The magazine drew extensively on the networks associated with suffrage media and professional women’s magazines to build its early reader and contributor base, but from the beginning was also working to establish itself as a paper with a much broader reach. Through an analysis of Time and Tide’s editorial and self-marketing strategies, its relationship with male readers, and the staging in and outside its columns of a public debate about the ‘modern woman’, the chapter grapples with the paradoxical idea that the ‘new’ thing Time and Tide was doing was to disavow identification with the ‘feminist’ or ‘women’s periodical’ category at the same time as it remained both of these things.
Mediating Culture: Modernism, the Arts and the Woman Reader
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Time and Tide’s early music, theatre, film and book reviews – a treasure-trove for exploring trends in interwar literature and the arts as well as debates about the nature and function of criticism itself. Focusing on the contributions of regular columnists including Christopher St John (née Christabel Marshall) and Sylvia Lynd the chapter discusses Time and Tide’s mediation of culture ranging from the modernist and ‘avant-garde’ to the ‘middlebrow’ and popular and posits that its position is identifiably feminist both in terms of its promotion of women in the cultural sphere and in its responses to developments in criticism in the interwar years. Engaging with such topics as the well-known ‘romanticism versus classicism’ debate and modernism’s ‘problem with pleasure’ (Frost 2013), the chapter demonstrates Time and Tide’s commitment both to educating the woman reader in a higher culture and defending traditional reading pleasures.
‘The Courage to Advertise’: Cultural Tastemakers and ‘Journals of Opinion’
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines a key period in the growth and development of Time and Tide highlighted by its size and price increase in 1928. Exploring Time and Tide’s increased use of illustration, the relationships it developed with a new set of advertisers, and a strategic alliance it forged with the Nation and Athenaeum, the chapter shows how this modern magazine capitalised on contemporary debates about the future of the press and successfully rebranded itself as a leading general-audience weekly review competitive with the New Statesman. The chapter further argues that Time and Tide’s increased emphasis on books following its ‘literary turn’ in 1928 was a key strategy in moving the magazine out of the ‘women’s paper’ category and into the ranks of the intellectual weeklies. At the same, its participation in the cultures of literary celebrity continued to serve a feminist agenda in its promotion of women writers (modernist and middlebrow) as well as the work of female critics such as the periodical’s own director and contributor Rebecca West.
‘A Free Pen’: Women Intellectuals and the Public Sphere
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents two case studies which explore how in the years leading up to the Second World War Time and Tide’s seemingly non-feminist veneer is disrupted. First, the chapter discusses Time and Tide’s book reviews section and argues that the surface appearance of a less feminist engagement with literature and the arts is called into question by the archive of Theodora Bosanquet’s automatic writing. This unpublished material resituates her public reviews and – in the context of a perceived crisis in book reviewing – reveals a mode of feminism that Barbara Green has theorised as ‘a form of attention’ (2017) and evidences Bosanquet’s ambivalence about the male professionalisation of literary criticism. Second, the chapter shows how Time and Tide’s seemingly non-feminist veneer is disrupted much more overtly when all the leading feminists of the period emerge publicly in the paper at the outbreak of the Second World War. Through an analysis of Time and Tide’s correspondence columns the chapter explores the contribution this magazine made to public debates about war and peace, and its sustained commitment to the ordinary woman reader.
Introduction: Blocked Singularities
Authors: Hengehold Laura
Published: January 2019

The introduction situates The Second Sex with respect to phenomenology and argues that departing from a linear understanding of problematization, including problematization in the history of feminist thought, sheds a new light on her ideas about gendered power and historicity.
Embodying Dialogue: Rich Voices, Expressive Mouths and Gesticulation
Authors: O'Meara Jennifer
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers the relationship between embodiment and dialogue in American independent cinema, arguing that such filmmakers and performers can aim to create the impression of character interiority and performer improvisation. For example, speech can be scripted to changes direction, while actors are called upon to deliver dialogue as though thinking ‘out loud’. In addition to exploring distinctive verbal and/or vocal styles (including a notably fast-paced delivery), the chapter pays particular attention to the expressiveness of hands and mouths. It is argued that gesticulation – or talking with one’s hands – can contribute a sense of live thought to rehearsed dialogue. The analysis includes case studies of the performance styles of Chris Eigeman and Greta Gerwig, whose distinctive voices and delivery are tied to their success as independent film actors. Through consultation with screenplays and interviews, the chapters reveals how independent writer-directors increase their influence on dialogue embodiment by scheduling long rehearsal periods and through written script directions.
Adapting Dialogue and Authorial Double-voicing
Authors: O'Meara Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Dialogue’s association with the literary arts is a key reason why it has been historically undervalued within film studies. Adaptation scholars have demonstrated sustained interest in voice-overs, as part of a broader interest in the transcodification of narration techniques across media. However, the discipline has tended to downplay the significance of dialogue more broadly. By focusing on the verbal elements of adaptations, as well as other literary influences on American independent cinema, this final chapter begins to address this imbalance. The chapter examine how independent writer-directors’ literary interests can influence the dialogue in their original and adapted works. After considering Whit Stillman’s multi-directional adaptations, dialogue as storytelling, and reflexive adaptation, it is found that dialogue can be used to create verbal consistency between these writer-directors’ adaptations and their original screenplays. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin’s literary concept of ‘double voicing’, the chapter also explores how indie writer-directors’ use characters as mouthpieces that reflecting their own opinions.
Requiem for the Enlightenment
Authors: Halabi Zeina G.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 1 examines the contemporary reconfiguration of the East/West and modernity/tradition binaries that framed critical discourse pertaining to the nahḍa intellectual. True to his self-reflexive narratives, the disenchanted novelist Rashid al-Daif fictionalizes in Tablit al-Bahr (Paving the sea, 2012), the consecrated nahḍa intellectual Jurji Zaidan in a historical metafiction about a nineteenth-century Syrian intellectual and his troubled encounter with Western modernity. Countering the tepid reception of the novel, which missed the nature of al-Daif’s critique, the chapter reveals the ways in which al-Daif articulates contemporary ambivalence toward hegemonic historical narratives by displacing Zaidan’s secular, nationalist, and modernist legacy.