bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of cloud retrieval errors due to three-dimensional radiative effects on calculations of broadband shortwave cloud radiative effect
Authors: Ademakinwa Adeleke S. , Tushar Zahid H. , Zheng Jianyu , Wang Chenxi , Purushotham Sanjay , Wang Jianwu , Meyer Kerry G. , Várnai Tamas , Zhang Zhibo
Published: March 2024

Abstract. We investigate how cloud retrieval errors due to the three-dimensional (3D) radiative effects affect broadband shortwave (SW) cloud radiative effects (CREs) in shallow cumulus clouds. A framework based on the combination of large eddy simulations (LESs) and radiative transfer (RT) models was developed to simulate both one-dimensional (1D) and 3D radiance, as well as SW broadband fluxes. Results show that the broadband SW fluxes reflected at top of the domain, transmitted at the surface, and absorbed in the atmosphere, computed from the cloud retrievals using 1D RT (F1D∗), can provide reasonable broadband radiative energy estimates in comparison with those derived from the true cloud fields using 1D RT (F1D). The difference between these 1D-RT-simulated fluxes (F1D∗, F1D) and the benchmark 3D RT simulations computed from the true cloud field (F3D) depends primarily on the horizontal transport of photons in 3D RT, whose characteristics vary with the sun's geometry. When the solar zenith angle (SZA) is 5°, the domain-averaged F1D∗ values are in excellent agreement with the F3D, all within 7 % relative CRE bias. When the SZA is 60°, the CRE differences between calculations from F1D∗ and F3D are determined by how the cloud side-brightening and darkening effects offset each other in the radiance, retrieval, and broadband fluxes. This study suggests that although the cloud property retrievals based on the 1D RT theory may be biased due to the 3D radiative effects, they still provide CRE estimates that are comparable to or better than CREs calculated from the true cloud properties using 1D RT.
Analysis of the measurement uncertainty for a 3D wind-LiDAR
Authors: Knöller Wolf , Bagheri Gholamhossein , von Olshausen Philipp , Wilczek Michael
Published: March 2024

Abstract. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) wind velocity measurements are of major importance for the characterization of atmospheric turbulence. The use of a multi-beam wind-LiDAR focusing on a measurement volume from different directions is a promising approach for obtaining such wind data. This paper provides a detailed study on the propagation of measurement uncertainty of a three-beam wind-LiDAR designed for mounting on airborne platforms with geometrical constraints that lead to increased measurement uncertainties of the wind components transverse to the main axis of the system. The uncertainty analysis is based on synthetic wind data generated by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as well as on experimental wind data from airborne and ground-based 3D ultrasonic anemometers. For typical atmospheric conditions, we show that the measurement uncertainty of the transverse components can be reduced by about 30 %–50 % by applying an appropriate post-processing algorithm. Optimized post-processing parameters can be determined in an actual experiment by characterizing measured data in terms of variance and correlation time of wind fluctuations. These results allow an optimized design of a multi-beam wind-LiDAR with strong geometrical limitations.
Peatland evaporation across hemispheres: contrasting controls and sensitivity to climate warming driven by plant functional types
Authors: Speranskaya Leeza , Campbell David I. , Lafleur Peter M. , Humphreys Elyn R.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Peatlands store disproportionally large amounts of carbon per unit area, a function that is dependent on maintaining high and stable water tables. Climate change is likely to negatively impact carbon storage in peatlands, in part due to increases in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) driving higher evaporation (E) rates. However, the response of E to increasing VPD depends on the dominant vegetation type within peatlands. In this study, we used multiple years of eddy covariance (EC) measurements to compare E regimes at two peatlands with contrasting vegetation types – Kopuatai bog in Aotearoa / New Zealand, dominated by the vascular wire rush Empodisma robustum, and Mer Bleue bog in Canada, a “typical” shrub- and moss-dominated Northern Hemisphere peatland. We examined seasonal variability in E and equilibrium E (Eeq), energy balance partitioning, and the response of E, evaporative fraction (EF), and canopy conductance (gc) to VPD. Mean annual E was 45 % lower than mean annual Eeq at Kopuatai but only 16 % lower at Mer Bleue, demonstrating much greater limitations on E at Kopuatai. In addition, the mean midday (10:00–14:30 local standard time) dry-canopy Bowen ratio (β) at Kopuatai was 2.0 compared to 0.8 at Mer Bleue; therefore, the sensible heat flux (H) dominated over the latent heat flux (LE) at Kopuatai and vice versa at Mer Bleue. The responses of E, EF, and gc to increasing VPD at Kopuatai demonstrated stronger limitations on evaporative water loss for VPD > 0.7 kPa compared to Mer Bleue. The observed limitations at Kopuatai were attributed to strong stomatal control by E. robustum due to the rapid decrease in gc with increasing VPD; however, surface E could also be limited by its dense standing litter. At Mer Bleue, however, E was only weakly limited at VPD > 2 kPa, likely due to weak stomatal control over transpiration by the sparse shrub canopy and relatively large surface E from Sphagnum carpets. As such, the results of this study suggest that E. robustum drives a greater “hydrological resistance” to increasing VPD than the vegetation at Mer Bleue, leading to greater water retention at Kopuatai. This may enable greater resilience of the carbon sink function at Kopuatai to climatic warming and drying than at Mer Bleue.
A global analysis of reconstructed land climate changes during Dansgaard-Oeschger events
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Prentice Iain Colin , Harrison Sandy P.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) warming events are comparable in magnitude and rate to the anticipated 21st century warming. As such, they provide a good target for evaluation of the ability of state-of-the-art climate models to simulate rapid climate changes. Despite the wealth of qualitative information about climate changes during the D-O events, there has been no attempt to date to make quantitative reconstructions globally. Here we provide reconstructions of seasonal temperature changes and changes in plant-available moisture across multiple D-O events during Marine Isotope Stage 3 based on available pollen records across the globe. These reconstructions show that the largest changes in temperature occurred in northern extratropics, especially Europe and Eurasia. The change in winter temperature was not significantly different from the change in summer temperature, and thus there is no evidence that the D-O events were characterised by a change in seasonality. Although broadscale features of the temperature changes were consistent across the eight D-O events examined, the spatial patterns of temperature changes vary between events. Globally, changes in moisture were positively correlated with changes in temperature, but the strength and the sign of this relationship vary regionally. These reconstructions can be used to evaluate the spatial patterns of changes in temperature and moisture in the transient simulations of the D-O events planned as part of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project.
Localized injections of interactive volcanic aerosols and their climate impacts in a simple general circulation model
Authors: Hollowed Joseph P. , Jablonowski Christiane , Brown Hunter Y. , Hillman Benjamin R. , Bull Diana L. , Hart Joseph L.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. A new set of standalone parameterizations is presented for simulating the injection, evolution, and radiative forcing by stratospheric volcanic aerosols against an idealized Held-Suarez-Williamson atmospheric background in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ash are injected into the atmosphere with a specified profile in the vertical, and proceed to follow a simple exponential decay. The SO2 decay is modeled as a perfect conversion to a long-living sulfate aerosol which persists in the stratosphere. All three species are implemented as tracers in the model framework, and transported by the dynamical core’s advection algorithm. The aerosols contribute simultaneously to a local heating of the stratosphere and cooling of the surface by a simple plane-parallel Beer-Lambert law applied on two zonally-symmetric radiation broadbands in the longwave and shortwave range. It is shown that the implementation parameters can be tuned to produce realistic temperature anomaly signatures of large volcanic events. In particular, results are shown for an ensemble of runs that mimic the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. The design requires no coupling to microphysical subgrid-scale parameterizations, and thus approaches the computational affordability of prescribed-aerosol forcing strategies. The idealized simulations contain a single isolated volcanic event against a statistically uniform climate, where no background aerosols or other sources of externally-forced variability are present. This model configuration represents a simpler-to-understand tool for the development of climate source-to-impact attribution methods.
Brief communication: Sea-level projections, adaptation planning, and actionable science
Authors: Lipscomb William H. , Behar David , Morrison Monica Ainhorn
Published: March 2024

Abstract. As climate scientists seek to deliver actionable science for adaptation planning, there are risks in using novel results to inform decision-making. Premature acceptance can lead to maladaptation, confusion, and practitioner “whiplash”. We propose that scientific claims should be considered actionable only after meeting a confidence threshold based on the strength of evidence as evaluated by a diverse group of scientific experts. We discuss an influential study that projected rapid sea-level rise from Antarctic ice-sheet retreat but in our view was not actionable. We recommend regular, transparent communications between scientists and practitioners to support the use of actionable science.
Retrieval of airborne Ku-Band SAR Using Forward Radiative Transfer Modeling to Estimate Snow Water Equivalent: The Trail Valley Creek 2018/19 Snow Experiment
Authors: Montpetit Benoit , King Joshua , Meloche Julien , Derksen Chris , Siqueira Paul , Adam J. Max , Toose Peter , Brady Mike , Wendleder Anna , Vionnet Vincent , Leroux Nicolas R.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Accurate snow information at high spatial and temporal resolution is needed to support climate services, water resource management, and environmental prediction services. However, snow remains the only element of the water cycle without a dedicated Earth Observation mission. The snow scientific community has shown that Ku-Band radar measurements provide quality snow information with its sensitivity to snow water equivalent and the wet/dry state of snow. With recent developments of tools like the Snow MicroPenetrometer (SMP) to retrieve snow microstructure data in the field and radiative transfer models like the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model (SMRT), it becomes possible to properly characterize the snow and how it translates into radar backscatter measurements. An experiment at Trail Valley Creek (TVC), Northwest Territories, Canada was conducted during the winter of 2018/19 in order to characterize the impacts of varying snow geophysical properties on Ku-Band radar backscatter at a 100-m scale. Airborne Ku-Band data was acquired using the University of Massachusetts radar instrument. This study shows that it is possible to calibrate SMP data to retrieve statistical information on snow geophysical properties and properly characterize a representative snowpack at the experiment scale. The tundra snowpack measured during the campaign can be characterize by two layers corresponding to a rounded snow grain layer and a depth hoar layer. Using Radarsat-2 and TerraSAR-X data, soil background roughness properties were retrieved (msssoil = 0.010±0.002) and it was shown that a single value could be used for the entire domain. Microwave snow grain size polydispersity values of 0.74 and 1.11 for rounded and depth hoar snow grains, respectively, was retrieved. Using the Geometrical Optics surface backscatter model, the retrieved effective soil permittivity increased from C-Band (εsoil = 2.47) to X-Band (εsoil = 2.61), to Ku-Band (εsoil = 2.77) for the TVC domain. Using SMRT and the retrieved soil and snow parameterizations, an RMSE of 2.6 dB was obtained between the measured and simulated Ku-Band backscatter values when using a global set of parameters for all measured sites. When using a distributed set of soil and snow parameters, the RMSE drops to 0.9 dB. This study thus shows that it is possible to link Ku-Band radar backscatter measurements to snow conditions on the ground using a priori knowledge of the snow conditions to retrieve SWE at the 100 m scale.
Thermal state and nature of the low crust in the Baikal Rift zone according to the lower crust xenoliths of Cenozoic volcanics and Paleozoic magmas. 
Authors: Ashchepkov Igor , Tsygankov Andrey , Burmakina Galina , Rasskazov Sergei , Ailow Yusef , Karmanov Nikolai
Published: March 2024

The lower crust and Moho pyroxenites and xenocrysts from Cenozoic volcanoes studied with the EPMA, SEM and LA ICP MS for trace elements evidence about the structure and composition of the transitional zone from the crust to mantle in Cenozoic volcanic regions In Vitim (picrite basalts), Dzhida, (Bartoy volcanoes) and Tunka valley (Karierny volcano). For the comparisons the lower crust xenocrysts from the Angara Vitim batholite were studied. The calculated PT conditions show the PT estimates are localizing within the Moho –and just beneath giving the vast range of temperatures. Lower they trace 90 mw/m2 geotherm. Within the crust the variation of temperature regime are varying from the conductive to advective. Xenocrysts and pyroxenite xenoliths mainly trace 90 mw/m2  SEA plume geotherm the area of the intrusions is over heated to 1350oC.Fig.1 PT diagram for the xenoliths from Vitim Miocene  Picrite basaltsFig.2 PT diagram for the xenoliths from Bartoy Pleistocene basaltsFig.3 PT diagram for the xenoliths from Tunka Pliocene basaltsFig.4 PT diagram for the xenocrysts from  Magmas of Angara-Vitim batholiteThe granulites are typically represent the more colder conditions than SEA geotherm.  Xenocrysts from Angara Vitim batholith magmas reveal more depleted material of lower crust than those found in Cenozoic lavas and possibly are skialites. The xenocrysts and granulate xenoliths in Cenozoic lavas are mainly basic cumulates. The lower crust became more acid to the upper part. The lateral variations in the lower crust sampled material show enrichment in K2O at the boundary with the Siberian craton in Tunka, more metasomatic and hydrous nature in Dzhida zone and more basic and CaO rich characteristic in Vitim area.  These data give the evidence for the conditions of the creation of magmas of Angara-Vitim Batholiths.  It was created by the hot spot created kimberlites and basalts in north and Center of Yakutia in Silurian- Devonian time and Ingashi lamproites,  than it turned in Transbaikalia and after returned to central and Northern Siberia.    Supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Supported by Russian Science Foundation (23-17-00030). Work is done on state assignment of IGM SB RAS, Geological institute SB RAS Ulan Ude and Institute of Earth crust SB RAS, Irkutsk
Near-surface ozone variability in the Karadag nature reserve
Authors: Fedorova Evgenia , Lapchenko Vladimir , Elansky Nikolai , Rakitin Vadim , Vasileva Nastya
Published: March 2024

The work presents the results of a study of a near-surface ozone concentration variability in the Crimea at the background environmental monitoring station in the Karadag Nature Reserve (44°55 north latitude, 35°14 east longitude; 180 m above sea level) for 2012-2021 years with a more detailed analysis of the last six years from 2016 to 2021 years. Ozone measurements at the station are carried out using an APOA-370 gas analyzer (HORIBA, Japan) with an error of no more than 15 μg/m3.A significantly high-level air pollution of а near-surface ozone was revealed in the observation region, despite the absence of nearby sources of industrial emissions. The maximum hourly average concentration of ozone, equal to 195 µg/m3, was observed on 25.08.2018To interpret the results obtained, determine the nature of ozone pollution, its relationship with carbon monoxide, and the influence of transboundary and downward transport on ozone concentrations, observations data from the AIRS (Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder, Level 3, v.6 resolution 1°x1°, “ascending only”) orbital spectrometer were used.The relationship of near-surface ozone concentration and meteorological parameters was investigated. Wind directions leading to increased levels of near-surface ozone pollution are established. Intra-annual variations of near-surface ozone concentration are analyzed. Factors causing the local summer minimum of surface ozone level in some years are established.Using NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model and ERA5 reanalysis, a spatial analysis of the atmospheric circulation pattern in the region was carried out. The recurrence of episodes of exceeding the ozone concentration 100 µg/m3 during more than 8 hours (WHO recommendation, further in the text - the standard) was estimated. The frequency of exceeding this standard is about 5% of all measurements for the time-period of 2016–2021. Possible causes of these episodes were determined and discussed. The mechanisms of long-range transport and its contribution to the near-surface ozone regime in the area of the station have been established in different seasons.Thus, trajectory analysis showed that for cases where the standard is exceeded in the spring, the movement of air masses occurs over the surface of Black Sea under cyclonic circulation processes. The analysis showed that polluted air masses were formed mainly over central Ukraine, Turkey, Romania and Bulgaria. In the summer months, atmospheric transport over the land surface from the eastern direction (Ukraine, southern Russia) predominates.Annual trends of near-surface ozone concentration in the period 2012-2021 years are estimated as statistically insignificant.Study was supported by Russian Science Foundation, Project No 20-17-00200.
Water Balance Analysis for Reservoirs through Remote Sensing: A Case Study of the Karun (IV) Reservoir in Iran.
Authors: Kachoue Mohammad Hosein , Goli Mahdieh , Bakhtiari Ali , Sedghi Mohsen , Hosseinipoor Mahdi , Khorashadi Zadeh Farkhondeh
Published: March 2024

Dams are essential for effectively managing water resources as they serve multiple vital purposes, such as water storage, flood control, hydroelectric power generation, recreation and tourism and ecosystem regulation. The rising number of reservoirs, prompted by population growth, and the urgency for climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies emphasize the importance of developing efficient methods for calculating reservoirs water balance. In this study, we propose a remote sensing-based method for water balance analysis, aiming to facilitate the monitoring and management processes of water storage. The Karun (IV) reservoir, a dam situated in the southwestern region of Iran, is selected as the case study for this research. A conceptual rainfall-runoff model is employed to simulate the daily inflow rate of the reservoir by utilizing hydrological data obtained through remote sensing techniques. This data includes various parameters such as precipitation, evaporation and transpiration, soil moisture, vegetation, and land use. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of model parameters is conducted to assess the significance of each parameter and simplify the model for future applications. Reservoir water evaporation is estimated by utilizing the reservoir area of the dam, which is obtained from the NDWI water index and the evaporation rate extracted from the WAPOR dataset. Then, altimetry data and reservoir area data are utilized to calculate changes in water storage. Finally, the water balance equation incorporating the calculated balance elements above is applied to determine the daily output of the dam reservoir. This study showcases the utilization of remote sensing data in estimating the output of the Karun (IV) reservoir. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with field data, making it a valuable tool for reservoirs where field data collection is costly or challenging.
PyRTlib: an educational Python-based library for non-scattering atmospheric microwave radiative transfer computations
Authors: Larosa Salvatore , Cimini Domenico , Gallucci Donatello , Nilo Saverio Teodosio , Romano Filomena
Published: March 2024

Abstract. This article introduces PyRTlib, a new standalone Python package for non-scattering line-by-line microwave radiative transfer simulations. PyRTlib is a flexible and user-friendly tool for computing down- and upwelling brightness temperatures and related quantities (e.g., atmospheric absorption, optical depth, opacity, mean radiating temperature) written in Python, a language commonly used nowadays for scientific software development, especially by students and early-career scientists. PyRTlib allows for simulating observations from ground-based, airborne, and satellite microwave sensors in clear-sky and in cloudy conditions (under non-scattering Rayleigh approximation). The intention for PyRTlib is not to be a competitor to state-of-the-art atmospheric radiative transfer codes that excel in speed and/or versatility (e.g., ARTS, Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator; RTTOV, Radiative Transfer for TOVS (Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder)). The intention is to provide an educational tool, completely written in Python, to readily simulate atmospheric microwave radiative transfer from a variety of input profiles, including predefined climatologies, global radiosonde archives, and model reanalysis. The paper presents quick examples for the built-in modules to access popular open data archives. The paper also presents examples for computing the simulated brightness temperature for different platforms (ground-based, airborne, and satellite), using various input profiles, showing how to easily modify other relevant parameters, such as the observing angle (zenith, nadir, slant), surface emissivity, and gas absorption model. PyRTlib can be easily embedded in other Python codes needing atmospheric microwave radiative transfer (e.g., surface emissivity models and retrievals). Despite its simplicity, PyRTlib can be readily used to produce present-day scientific results, as demonstrated by two examples showing (i) an absorption model comparison and validation with ground-based radiometric observations and (ii) uncertainty propagation of spectroscopic parameters through the radiative transfer calculations following a rigorous approach. To our knowledge, the uncertainty estimate is not provided by any other currently available microwave radiative transfer code, making PyRTlib unique for this aspect in the atmospheric microwave radiative transfer code scenario.
A Lie group variational integrator in a closed-loop vector space without a multiplier
Authors: Bai Long , Xia Lili , Ge Xinsheng
Published: March 2024

Abstract. As a non-tree multi-body system, the dynamics model of four-bar mechanism is a differential algebraic equation. The constraints breach problem leads to many problems for computation accuracy and efficiency. With the traditional method, constructing an ODE-type dynamics equation for it is difficult or impossible. In this exploration, the dynamics model is built with geometry mechanic theory. The kinematic constraint variation relation of a closed-loop system is built in matrix and vector space with Lie group and Lie algebra theory respectively. The results indicate that the attitude variation between the driven body and the follower body has a linear recursion relation, which is the basis for dynamics modelling. With the Lie group variational integrator method, the closed-loop system Lagrangian dynamics model is built in vector space, with Legendre transformation. The dynamics model is reduced to be the Hamilton type. The kinematic model and dynamics model are solved using Newton iteration and the Runge–Kutta method respectively. As a special case of a crank and rocker mechanism, the dynamics character of a parallelogram mechanism is presented to verify the good structure conservation character of the closed-loop geometry dynamics model.
Increasing frequency and lengthening season of western disturbances are linked to increasing strength and delayed northward migration of the subtropical jet
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Western disturbances (WDs) are cyclonic storms that travel along the subtropical jet, bringing the majority of seasonal and extreme precipitation to the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and western Himalaya in the winter months. They are a vital component of the region's water security. Although typically most common in the winter, WDs can also interact with the summer monsoon, leading to catastrophic consequences. These seem to be happening more frequently, and along with increasingly harsh winter seasons, questions are now being asked about how climate change is affecting WD frequency and intensity in both summer and winter seasons. An analysis of 17 previous studies assessing trends in WD frequency revealed no consensus, at least in part because they quantified trends in different regions, seasons, and time periods. In this study, a more robust approach is used, quantifying trends in WD frequency and intensity by region and month using a track catalogue derived from 70 years of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5) data. Winter WDs have increased significantly over the western and central Himalaya and the Hindu Kush in the last 70 years. This trend is attributed to a strengthening of the subtropical jet. The WD season has also significantly lengthened with WDs becoming far more common in May, June, and July, months where they were previously rare. For example, WDs have been twice as common in June in the last 20 years than during the previous 50. This is attributed to a delayed northward retreat of the subtropical jet, which historically has occurred before the onset of the summer monsoon. The most important implication is that the frequency of “monsoonal” WDs is increasing significantly, and therefore, due to climate change, catastrophic events like the 2013 Uttarakhand floods and the 2023 north India floods are becoming much more frequent.
A critical review of challenges and opportunities for the design and operation of offshore structures supporting renewable hydrogen production, storage, and transport
Authors: Rodríguez Castillo Claudio Alexis , Yeter Baran , Li Shen , Brennan Feargal , Collu Maurizio
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The climate emergency has prompted rapid and intensive research into sustainable, reliable, and affordable energy alternatives. Offshore wind has developed and exceeded all expectations over the last 2 decades and is now a central pillar of the UK and other international strategies to decarbonise energy systems. As the dependence on variable renewable energy resources increases, so does the importance of the necessity to develop energy storage and nonelectric energy vectors to ensure a resilient whole-energy system, also enabling difficult-to-decarbonise applications, e.g. heavy industry, heat, and certain areas of transport. Offshore wind and marine renewables have enormous potential that can never be completely utilised by the electricity system, and so green hydrogen has become a topic of increasing interest. Although numerous offshore and marine technologies are possible, the most appropriate combinations of power generation, materials and supporting structures, electrolysers, and support infrastructure and equipment depend on a wide range of factors, including the potential to maximise the use of local resources. This paper presents a critical review of contemporary offshore engineering tools and methodologies developed over many years for upstream oil and gas (O&G), maritime, and more recently offshore wind and renewable energy applications and examines how these along with recent developments in modelling and digitalisation might provide a platform to optimise green hydrogen offshore infrastructure. The key drivers and characteristics of future offshore green hydrogen systems are considered, and a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis is provided to aid the discussion of the challenges and opportunities for the offshore green hydrogen production sector.
PECULIARITIES OF LONG-TERM PHASES OF THE INCREASED AND DECREASED DON AND LENA RUNOFF IN THE 19TH-21ST CENTURIES
Authors:   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, GEORGIADI A.G. , MILYUKOVA I.P. ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

The results of studying long-term (lasting 10-15 years or more) phases of decreased and increased conditionally natural annual and seasonal runoff of the Don River near the village of Razdorskaya and the Lena River near the village of Kyusyur are considered. The retrieval of long-term water flow time series (excluding the changes that are caused by anthropogenic impacts from the observed water flow) is based on the transformation of the annual hydrograph of average daily water flow using the Kalinin-Milyukov method. The long-term phases of annual and seasonal runoff have been identified on the basis of cumulative deviation curves and criteria for statistical homogeneity of time series by their averages. For the entire period of observations on the Don (1891-2019) and the Lena (1936-2019), two cardinally different types of long-term dynamics for contrasting phases of annual and seasonal runoff that are characteristic of these rivers and common in most of Russia have been revealed. On the Lena, the phases of decreased and increased values of annual and seasonal runoff have changed quasisynchronously, whereas on the Don, the phases of annual runoff and snow melt flood runoff on the one hand and summer-autumn and winter runoff on the other hand have changed asynchronously. The main characteristics of the contrast phases have been determined.
EXTENDED STREAMFLOW PREDICTION FOR RUSSIAN RIVERS
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, SEMENOVA N.K. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, SIMONOV YU.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, KHRISTOFOROV A.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

The possibility of extended predictions of the Russian river streamflow is considered based on dynamic approach, in which the HBV-96 water-balance runoff formation model is used jointly with the extended ensemble meteorological forecast obtained with the INM5 model. Twelve river basins located in different climatic and physiographic zones of Russia were selected for analysis. The average annual and average monthly discharges, as well as the annual maximum streamflow, were predicted with a lead time of 1-5 years. The test on the reanalysis data for the period from 1980 to 2020 has shown that the applied dynamic approach makes it possible to adequately assess possible interannual fluctuations in the streamflow and its intraannual distribution. The ensemble of forecasts of the annual and maximum streamflow for the period 2023-2026 obtained using the HBV-96 and INM5 models is consistent with the data on the water regime of the analyzed rivers.
HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, BORSHCH S.V. , SIMONOV YU.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, KHRISTOFOROV A.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, YUMINA N.M. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

The main problems of modern hydrology that arise in the study of hydrological processes and in the scientific support of the design and operation of hydraulic structures, planning and implementation of measures for the use and protection of water resources, protection of the population and economic facilities from hazardous hydrological phenomena are considered. The main directions for solving these problems are formulated, providing for increasing the volume and improving the quality of hydrometeorological information, improving the technical means of its processing and analysis, and developing the theoretical foundations for a quantitative description of the processes occurring in water bodies on land and in their catchments. These directions are relevant for our country and are recognized by the international hydrometeorological community.
A PHYSICALLY BASED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HYDROPHYSICAL PROCESSES OF RUNOFF FORMATION DURING A CLIMATIC YEAR: THE GGI-GIDROFIZIKA MODEL
Authors:   State Hydrological Institute, LAVROV S.A.
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a physically based mathematical model of the key hydrophysical processes of runoff formation at a catchment point over a long-term period. The model describes the freezing and thawing of soil, the formation and melting of the snow cover, the migration of moisture to the freezing front and the infiltration of rain and melt moisture, evaporation from snow, soil cover, vegetation, and water surface. Average daily values of meteorological parameters are used as initial information for mathematical modeling. The relevance of the study is caused by a need to reveal the main links between the processes of vertical heat and moisture exchange in soil and the environmental factors that determine their climate-driven nature. Using observational data from water balance stations, numerical experiments and an analysis of the influence of long-term variability of the key meteorological factors on evaporation from the land and water surface and on vertical moisture flows in soil were carried out.
FORECASTING ICE JAM PEAK LEVELS OF THE SUKHONA RIVER AT VELIKY USTYUG
Authors:   State Hydrological Institute, GEORGIEVSKII M.V. , BABKIN A.V. ,   State Hydrological Institute, GOROSHKOVA N.I. ,   State Hydrological Institute, STRIZHENOK A.V. ,   State Hydrological Institute, SEMENOVA D.A. ,   State Hydrological Institute
Published: March 2024

The paper presents the analysis, modeling, and forecasting of the time series of the ice jam peak water level of the Sukhona River near Veliky Ustyug, taking into account the predictors selected by the multiple regression technique. A methodology based on the multiple regression that uses the results of modeling by the method developed by V.A. Buzin as a separate predictor is proposed. This approach has improved the forecast skill and forecast results. The observed and predicted values are significantly correlated.
17. KHẢO SÁT Ý KIẾN NGƯỜI CHĂM SÓC VỀ SỰ PHÙ HỢP CÁC KHUYẾN NGHỊ THỰC HÀNH TỐT NHẤT CỦA TỔ CHỨC LIÊN KẾT CỘNG ĐỒNG MẤT NGÔN NGỮ TOÀN CẦU TẠI VIỆT NAM
Authors: Thanh Phạm Đình Ngân , An Phạm Lê , Wallace Sarah J. , Hoàng Trần Nguyễn Bính Minh
Published: March 2024

Mất ngôn ngữ (MNN) làm ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân và những người chăm sóc (NCS) họ.

Mục tiêu: Xác định (1) sự phù hợp về nội dung của các khuyến nghị (KN) thực hành tốt nhất hiện có cho chứng MNN của Tổ Chức Liên Kết Cộng Đồng Mất Ngôn Ngữ Toàn Cầu từ quan điểm của NCS tại Việt Nam (VN); và (2) các KN cần bổ sung phù hợp với thực tế tại VN.

Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Định lượng kết hợp định tính dưới dạng kỹ thuật nhóm danh định và lấy mẫu đa dạng tối đa.

Kết quả: 17 NCS cho người MNN sau đột quỵ tham gia vào 1 trong 6 nhóm danh định. Hầu hết các KN hiện có đều đạt tỉ lệ đồng ý cao (88,24 – 100%). Những KN bổ sung ưu tiên được tổng hợp thành 5 chủ đề và sắp thứ tự theo tầm quan trọng tương đối. KN được ưu tiên hàng đầu là “Người MNN và NCS nên được hỗ trợ về tâm lý” (42,16%); kế đến là “Người MNN nên được tiếp cận dễ dàng với Ngôn ngữ trị liệu” (34,31%).

Kết luận: Các KN hiện có phù hợp với nhu cầu của người MNN và người liên quan trong bối cảnh ở VN theo quan điểm của NCS. Bên cạnh đó, các KN bổ sung góp phần nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ cho chứng MNN.
NON-PRICE DEMAND FACTORS FOR WHEAT IMPORTS IN NORTH AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vasilchenko A.D. , Logvinov D.V. ,   MGIMO MFA of Russia, Semenova A.A. ,   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

North Africa has firmly established itself as a leading world region in terms of wheat imports. While domestic production remains limited due to natural and climate factors, domestic demand for wheat keeps growing due to fast population growth. That makes the region an attractive grain market, and forces largest exporters to use the whole range of price and nonprice instruments in the competition for the desired market niche. Russian wheat is the most competitive in terms of price. However, as this study shows, in the target region, it is nonprice factors that have a key influence on the decision to conclude a foreign trade contract. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to reveal, using a panel data model, significant nonprice factors that affect the distribution of market shares of the main suppliers of wheat to the North African market. Taking these factors into consideration will allow underrepresented exporters to increase supplies and secure a niche that fully meets their export potential.
INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF STATE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN CURRENT REALITIES
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozlova S.V. , Gribanova O.M. ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the current institutional environment for managing state property, considered as an aggregate of basic institutions for managing state property, resulted in the formation and transformation process over the past three decades in Russia in the course of Russian market reforms. The analysis was carried out on the basis of such categories as the institutional environment, the institutional mechanism, which gives us a more relevant picture of the ongoing processes in the field of state property management and the opportunity to determine areas for its further improvement. It is concluded that, even in the context of the extraordinary geopolitical challenges of the 21st century and anti-Russian sanctions, the use of the currently existing fundamental institutions of state property management as a basis for the formation of new mechanisms of state property administration and improvement of the existing ones is quite enough to solve current and long-term socio-economic tasks facing Russia, as well as to achieve our strategic state goals in a changing global environment.
BUSINESS EVALUATION WITHIN CRISIS MANAGEMENT: APPROACHES FOR OWNERS, CREDITORS, INSOLVENCY PRACTITIONERS AND INVESTORS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lvova O.A.
Published: March 2024

The article suggests approaches to business evaluation by various stakeholders for crisis management purposes. For owners and managers, an identification system of business sustainability decline has been developed, including market, operational, investment, financial, managerial and organizational indicators. For creditors, a strategic map is proposed, containing market, process, resource and financial triggers identified during express diagnostics and advanced trigger analysis. For insolvency practitioners, the methodology of financial analysis has been modified, supplemented by an algorithm for debtor’s transactions analysis and identifying signs of “objective bankruptcy”. For potential investors, a scenario assessment model has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the benefits, opportunity costs, the feasibility of merger or acquisition of a distressed company, the cost of its restoration and integration, and the synergetic effect of such M&A.
THE INFLUENCE OF GEOPOLITICAL FACTORS ON THE ECONOMIC POLICIES AND INTEGRATION PROCESSES OF CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernova V.Yu. , Pylin A.G. ,   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

The use of sanctions policy to compete for sales markets and to exert pressure on the governments of countries subject to sanctions has stimulated Russia to develop trade with friendly and neutral countries, to redirect the trade flows along new logistics routes and to form new supply chains. The article examines the impact of Western sanctions on the economies of the Central Asian countries and on their integration with Russia. A sharp decline in exports from Western countries to Russia is accompanied by a significant increase in exports from these countries to the countries of Central Asia, which is especially noticeable in relation to sanctioned goods. Maintaining a neutral status in the sanctions war of the United States and its allies against Russia allowed the countries of Central Asia to significantly improve their macroeconomic performance by increasing trade with Russia, including through intermediary trade. Despite official statements about the observance of the sanctions regime, the countries of Central Asia began to act as transit operators between Russia and third countries and to significantly assist the Russian economy in overcoming the negative consequences of sanctions. The study has led to the conclusion that anti-Russian sanctions encourage Russia and the countries of Central Asia to find new ways to develop regional integration in order to solve key problems of economic development, which does not prevent these countries from following their national interests.
RUSSIA'S FOREIGN TRADE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE SECOND YEAR OF COUNTERACTION TO SANCTIONS PRESSURE
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ushkalova D.I.
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the main trends in the development of Russia’s exports and imports in 2023 under an unprecedented sanctions regime. Having analyzed the dynamics of Russian exports in 2023, taking into account government policy measures to counteract the sanctions pressure (in particular, the price cap on Russian hydrocarbons) and the price situation on the world commodity markets, as well as the dynamics of Russian imports, the author concludes that the domestic foreign trade is highly adaptable to modern realities and relatively resistant to sanctions pressure, partly due to the fact that the "big-country trap" factor is still effective. She formulates proposals to improve state policy measures for the sustainable development of Russia's foreign trade.
INCONSISTENCY OF GOALS IN STATE GOVERNANCE
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bratchenko S.A.
Published: March 2024

In the scientific literature devoted to goal-setting in state governance, the fact of inconsistency of goals is quite often noted. The object of this study is goal-setting in state projects, such as The unified plan for achieving national development goals…, national and federal projects, state programs, etc. The study of the problem allowed the author to propose a typology of inconsistency in the goals of state project administration. In total, 14 different types of goal collisions were identified in the state project administration. Each case of goal inconsistency in state governance requires its own solution, since each of them reduces the quality of state governance. The inconsistency of national, strategic and operational goals within The unified plan… is particularly critical, as it may result in failure to achieve both the strategic goals of individual projects/programs and national goals.
PEREMPUAN DALAM HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA (KAJIAN FEMINIST LEGAL THEORY)
Authors: Berliantha Berliantha , Fasya Ilma Ainun Nabila
Published: March 2024

Feminist Legal Theory is a legal theory that was born during the second wave of the feminist movement in America. The main object of study of the Feminist Legal Theory (FLT) is criticism of patriarchal and discriminatory legal products. Legal products in Indonesia are not immune from such problems, even though the constitution has mandated in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution which confirms that every citizen has the same position before the law. However, there are several articles or verses that are enigmatic and not in favor of women. The purpose of this study is to analyze law in Indonesia, especially criminal law with the study of Feminist Legal Theory to find out how far criminal law accommodates justice for women. In addition, it can also be seen where the problem of injustice for women is in the formulation of criminal law in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research method with the approach used in solving the problem is a statutory approach (statute approach) and conceptual (conceptual approach). The results of this study indicate that although there are problems in the Criminal Code as a positive law in Indonesia, the presence of the TPKS Law is able to provide justice for women in handling and protecting criminal acts of violence against women.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERKAIT ADANYA INDIKASI PENYALAHGUNAAN WEWENANG OLEH OKNUM DIRJEND KI KEMENKUMHAM DALAM SENGKETA PATEN
Authors: Wardoyo Hadi , Marwenny Elwidarifa
Published: March 2024

Abuse of authority which is a right owned by Government Agencies and/or Officials and other state administrators to take decisions and/or actions in administering government. In this case also Abuse of authority is the use of authority by Government Agencies and/or Officials in taking decisions and/or actions in government administration carried out by exceeding authority, mixing up authority, and/or acting arbitrarily as intended in Article 17 and Article 18 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. And states the aspect of authority where the problem lies in whether the official who issued the letter has the authority or does not have the authority to issue the letter based on existing regulations. And when issuing decisions, officials should have authority and if they do not have authority, they are prohibited from issuing decisions. Therefore, this statement is also in accordance with the provisions of Article 1 point 22 of Law No.30.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Luliconazole contains Cationic Guar Gum intended to use for Topical application
Authors: Banerjee Biswajit , Sharma Tripti , Padhy Ipsa , Mondal Arijit , Choudhury Anup
Published: March 2024

The novel imidazole topical drug luliconazole (LCZ) has potent antifungal efficacy against a wide variety of fungi. When applied to the skin, LCZ has tremendous promise as an antifungal agent, however, constrained by its poor skin permeability and limited solubility, requiring protracted therapy and repeated dosage to achieve full recovery. The current work explains the formulation and characterization of a cationic gel prepared by using Guar Gum (GG) and pH was adjusted by using NaOH solution. The created formulation was white in color. The FTIR spectroscopy analysis shows that the medication and polymer did not react with one another. The cumulative percentage drug release suggested that LCZ was released from the formulations. All the release kinetics show that drug release from the formulation was in Fickian transport nature. The correlation value was found to be more than 0.90 in all the fitted release models. The pH of each formulation fell within the predetermined range.The prepared LCZ gel shows a viscosity between 13000 to 28000 cps, which is a very good topical application.