bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity Is Not a Predictor of Complications in Upper Extremity Surgery
Authors: Golan Elan J. , De Tolla Jadie , Culbertson-Scott Maya Deza , Krochak Ryan , Choueka Jack
Published: October 2017

Background: Obesity is an often-cited cause of surgical morbidity. As a result, many institutions have required screening prior to “clearing” obese individuals for surgery. However, it remains unclear whether such testing is warranted for obese patients prior to upper extremity procedures. This study reviews surgical outcomes to determine if obesity does predict operative morbidity following upper extremity surgery. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for 18 Current Procedural Terminology codes, representing upper extremity fracture and arthroplasty procedures. Patients’ body mass index (BMI) and medical histories were examined as predictors for postoperative complications. Both individual and combined incidences of complications were compared between patients stratified as normal-weight (BMI < 30); obese (BMI 30-40); and morbidly obese (BMI> 40). Results: A total of 8,477 patients were identified over the 5-year study period; 5,303 had a BMI <30, 2,565 a BMI of 30 to 40 and 585 a BMI >40. With the exception of postoperative blood transfusions, there were no significant increases in the incidence rates of any complication event as a function of BMI class. The overall incidence of complications was 2.70 % for BMI <30; 2.74 % for BMI 30 to 40; and 1.54 % for BMI >40. Conclusions: Obesity is not a reliable predictor of complications following upper extremity surgery. Thus, requiring preoperative screening for obese patients may constitute an unnecessary burden on medical resources. Further study is needed to identify specific demographics that might serve as more accurate predictors of poor outcomes in obese patients undergoing surgery of the upper extremity.
Myxofibrosarcoma primary cultures: molecular and pharmacological profile
Authors: De Vita Alessandro , Recine Federica , Mercatali Laura , Miserocchi Giacomo , Liverani Chiara , Spadazzi Chiara , Casadei Roberto , Bongiovanni Alberto , Pieri Federica , Riva Nada , Amadori Dino , Ibrahim Toni
Published: October 2017

Background:

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), formerly considered as a myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, is the most common sarcoma of the extremities in adults and is characterized by a high frequency of local recurrence. The clinical behavior of MFS is unpredictable and the efficacy of chemotherapy is still not well documented. Furthermore, given the relatively recent recognition of MFS as a distinct pathologic entity its cellular and molecular biology has still not been extensively studied in patient-derived preclinical models. We examined the molecular biology and treatment outcomes of high-grade, patient-derived MFS primary cultures.

Methods:

A total of three patient-derived MFS primary cultures were analyzed. We evaluated the role of CD109 expression and also looked for a correlation between transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression and sensitivity of the primary cultures to different drugs.

Results:

CD109 was a promising marker for the identification of more aggressive high-grade MFS and a potential therapeutic target. The results also highlighted the potential role of TGF-β in chemoresistance. Pharmacological analysis confirmed the sensitivity of the cultures to chemotherapy. The most active treatments were epirubicin alone and epirubicin in combination with ifosfamide, the latter representing the current standard of care for soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), including MFS.

Conclusions:

Our results provide a starting point for further research aimed at improving the management of MFS patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Training pharmacists in the stage-of-change model of smoking cessation and motivational interviewing: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , DiPiazza Jennifer , Aiello Maria Rosaria , Polosa Riccardo
Published: October 2017

This study evaluated the effect of training pharmacists in the stage-of-change model for smoking cessation and motivational interviewing on smoking cessation outcomes. A training based on the stage-of-change model for smoking cessation and motivational interviewing was introduced to pharmacists. Pharmacists were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The control group attended a 3-hour training session, whereas the intervention group also attended a further 6-hour training session. At week 24, 12.2 percent of the smokers quit smoking in the intervention group, whereas 1.6 percent of the smokers quit smoking in the control group. The findings of this study showed that training pharmacists, in the stage-of-change model for smoking cessation and motivational interviewing, improves smoking reduction and cessation rates.
Leadership Actions-Oriented Behavioral Style to Accommodate Change and Development in Schools
Authors: Rajbhandari Mani Man Singh
Published: October 2017

This study explores the leadership actions-oriented behavior of school principals in Finland. Actions-orientated behavior enables the leader to appropriately articulate relations and task orientation to meet the immediate contextual demands and to accommodate followership toward change and development. The leadership actions-orientated behavior of Finnish school principals were studied in three schools. In-depth interviews with school actors (principals, vice principals, teachers, special educators, and nonteaching staff) were conducted to triangulate the analyzed data. It was found that leadership actions-oriented behavior enabled school leaders to articulate appropriate behavioral patterns to generate motivation and commitment. The results suggest that actions orientations toward high-on relations enabled leaders to achieve leadership success, while actions orientations toward high-on task enabled leadership effectiveness. Actions-oriented behavior toward high-on task enables leadership flexibility with greater leadership elasticity. The results suggest that school actors anticipated a relational approach, whose actions orientations were high-on task. The results also suggest that relations-oriented behavior is rationally applied by school leaders who have remained in the organization for a longer time to strengthen the systematic approach. It was found that leaders’ actions orientation with high-on task were more effective, while leadership actions orientation with high-on relations generated social harmony. The results suggest that leadership actions-oriented behavioral flexibility and mobility can be maintained by articulating high relations to low relations and high task to low task, not necessarily from task to relations or relations to task alone. In doing so, a leader’s personality is prevented from distortions and behavior dysfunction.
An Unusual Case of Takotsubo Syndrome With Hyperaldosteronism as the Potential Cause
Authors: Ou Yuanweixiang , Zhao Zhengang , Tsauo Jiayyu , Jiang Licheng , Yang Yong , Chen Mao
Published: October 2017

Context

Catecholamine-related factors are the most popular explanation for the occurrence of Takotsubo syndrome. An aldosterone-related mechanism, however, has not been proposed.

Case Description

A 45-year-old male patient presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed with primary aldosteronism, severe hypokalemia, and Takotsubo syndrome. After excluding the known conditions of apical ballooning and the factors of vasospasm, primary aldosteronism is considered as the major contributor to the development of Takotsubo syndrome. The potential mechanisms are discussed.

Conclusions

The case suggests a possible hyperaldosteronism-induced and vasoconstriction-mediated mechanism in the development of Takotsubo syndrome.
“War Is like a Blanket”
Authors: Al-Ali Nadje , Tas Latif
Published: October 2017

Despite the recent outbreak of violence and conflict, peace continues to be high on the agenda of the Kurdish political movement and many progressive Turkish intellectuals and activists. Based on qualitative research we conducted in Diyarbakır, Istanbul, London, and Berlin in 2015–16, we show that Kurdish activists have struggled to make the eradication of gender-based inequalities and violence central to the wider Kurdish peace movement, while Turkish women’s rights activists have increasingly recognized that the war against the Kurds, “like a blanket,” often papers over gender injustices. Both Kurdish and Turkish activists stress the necessity of understanding that a just and sustainable peace must include gender equality and that gender justice cannot be achieved in times of war. Thus feminist convergences in Kurdish and Turkish activism present peace and women’s rights as inseparable and generate the potential to challenge nationalist state power and the militarization of society.
Small RNA-mediated regulation of DNA dosage in the ciliate Oxytricha
Authors: Khurana Jaspreet S. , Clay Derek M. , Moreira Sandrine , Wang Xing , Landweber Laura F.
Published: October 2017

Dicer-dependent small noncoding RNAs play important roles in gene regulation in a wide variety of organisms. Endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are part of an ancient pathway of transposon control in plants and animals. The ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax, has approximately 16,000 gene-sized chromosomes in its somatic nucleus. Long noncoding RNAs establish high ploidy levels at the onset of sexual development, but the factors that regulate chromosome copy numbers during cell division and growth have been a mystery. We report a novel function of a class of Dicer (Dcl-1)- and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP)-dependent endogenous small RNAs in regulating chromosome copy number and gene dosage in O. trifallax. Asexually growing populations express an abundant class of 21-nt sRNAs that map to both coding and noncoding regions of most chromosomes. These sRNAs are bound to chromatin and their levels surprisingly do not correlate with mRNA levels. Instead, the levels of these small RNAs correlate with genomic DNA copy number. Reduced sRNA levels in dcl-1 or rdrp mutants lead to concomitant reduction in chromosome copy number. Furthermore, these cells show no signs of transposon activation, but instead display irregular nuclear architecture and signs of replication stress. In conclusion, Oxytricha Dcl-1 and RdRP-dependent small RNAs that derive from the somatic nucleus contribute to the maintenance of gene dosage, possibly via a role in DNA replication, offering a novel role for these small RNAs in eukaryotes.
CeFra-seq reveals broad asymmetric mRNA and noncoding RNA distribution profiles in Drosophila and human cells
Authors: Benoit Bouvrette Louis Philip , Cody Neal A.L. , Bergalet Julie , Lefebvre Fabio Alexis , Diot Cédric , Wang Xiaofeng , Blanchette Mathieu , Lécuyer Eric
Published: October 2017

Cells are highly asymmetrical, a feature that relies on the sorting of molecular constituents, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to distinct subcellular locales. The localization of RNA molecules is an important layer of gene regulation required to modulate localized cellular activities, although its global prevalence remains unclear. We combine biochemical cell fractionation with RNA-sequencing (CeFra-seq) analysis to assess the prevalence and conservation of RNA asymmetric distribution on a transcriptome-wide scale in Drosophila and human cells. This approach reveals that the majority (∼80%) of cellular RNA species are asymmetrically distributed, whether considering coding or noncoding transcript populations, in patterns that are broadly conserved evolutionarily. Notably, a large number of Drosophila and human long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs display enriched levels within specific cytoplasmic compartments, suggesting that these RNAs fulfill extra-nuclear functions. Moreover, fraction-specific mRNA populations exhibit distinctive sequence characteristics. Comparative analysis of mRNA fractionation profiles with that of their encoded proteins reveals a general lack of correlation in subcellular distribution, marked by strong cases of asymmetry. However, coincident distribution profiles are observed for mRNA/protein pairs related to a variety of functional protein modules, suggesting complex regulatory inputs of RNA localization to cellular organization.
Preface
Authors: Rannikmäe Miia , Reiska Priit , Pedaste Margus
Published: October 2017

Ligikaudu kümme aastat on nn Rocardi raporti "Science education now: A renewed pedagogy for the future of Europe" avaldamisest saadik olnud loodusteaduslik ja matemaatikaharidus Euroopa Liidus varasemast suurema tähelepanu all. Selle eesmärk on suurendada loodusteadustes, inseneri- ja matemaatikavaldkonnas karjääri valivate inimeste hulka, et tagada liikmesriikide areng neile erialadele tugineva innovatsiooni kaudu. Ka Euroopa Komisjoni hiljutises raportis "Science education for responsible citizenship" (2015) rõhutatakse, et tulevikusuundumused eeldavad kõigi ühiskonnaliikmete senisest paremat arusaamist loodusteadustest ja tehnoloogiast, et tagada nende aktiivne ja vastutustundlik osalemine otsustusprotsessis ja teadmistepõhises innovatsioonis. Muutus algab aga koolist, kus tuleb senisest enam pöörata tähelepanu loodusteadusliku-tehnoloogiaalase kirjaoskuse kõrgematele tasemetele.
Engaging learners in STEM education
Authors: Krajcik Joseph , Delen İbrahim
Published: October 2017

Artiklis käsitletakse STEM-õpikeskkonna arendamise võimalusi ning STEMi rakendamist põhi- ja keskkooliastmes, keskendudes järgmisele küsimusele: kuidas aidata õpilastel omandada põhjalikke ja integreeritud STEM-valdkonna teadmisi, et neil oleks praktilised teadmised ja probleemilahendusoskused, mis aitaks neil maailmas hakkama saada ja seda paremaks muuta? Lisaks tutvustatakse STEMõppeks sobiva keskkonna hindamise kriteeriume ning käsitletakse probleeme, millega õpetajatel tuleb STEM-ainete õpetamisel kokku puutuda. Meie määratluse järgi on STEM loodusteaduste, tehnoloogia, inseneriteaduse ja matemaatika ühendamine eesmärgiga lahendada pakilisi isiklikke ja ühiskondlikke probleeme. Õpilaste kaasamine STEM-valdkonda tähendab nende kaasamist disainiprotsessi. STEM-maailmas on disain õpilaste mõttemaailma lahutamatu osa. Disainiprotsess on mittelineaarne ja oma olemuselt korduv, kuid nõuab disainiprobleemi kindlaksmääramist ja selget sõnastamist, probleemi kohta juba teada oleva teabe uurimist, võimalike lahenduste pakkumist, prototüüpide (tehisesemete) väljatöötamist, et lahendusi demonstreerida, ning tagasiside jagamist ja saamist. Disainile keskenduva STEM-hariduse kaudu on võimalik toetada õpilasi suurte loodus- ja inseneriteaduslike ideede ning oluliste praktiliste loodus- ja inseneriteaduslike teadmiste omandamisel. Samuti võimaldab STEM-haridus motiveerida õpilasi, et neil tekiks omanikutunne ning vajadus oma ideid tutvustada ja tulemuslikult tegutseda. Enamgi veel, STEM-õpikeskkonda kaasatud õpilased saavad arendada selliseid 21. sajandil vajalikke oskusi nagu probleemilahendus- ja suhtlemisoskus ning koostöövõime.
 Full text
Engaging learners in STEM education
Authors: Krajcik Joseph , Delen İbrahim
Published: October 2017

In this manuscript we focus on how to develop STEM learning environments, and how STEM can be implemented in K-12 schools. We focus on the following question: “How can we support students in building a deep, integrated knowledge of STEM so that they have the practical knowledge and problem solving skills necessary to live in and improve the world?” We also discuss criteria for evaluating STEM learning environments and the challenges teachers face in implementing STEM. We define STEM as the integration of science, engineering, technology, and mathematics to focus on solving pressing individual and societal problems. Engaging students in STEM also means engaging learners in the design process. Design is integral to student thinking in the STEM world. The design process is very non-linear and iterative in its nature but requires clearly articulating and identifying the design problem, researching what is known about the problem, generating potential solutions, developing prototype designs (artifacts) that demonstrate solutions, and sharing and receiving feedback. With the integration of design, STEM education has the potential to support students in learning big ideas in science and engineering, as well as important scientific and engineering practices, and support students in developing important motivational outcomes such as ownership, agency and efficacy. Moreover, students who engage in STEM learning environments will also develop 21st century capabilities such as problem solving, communication, and collaboration skills.
The change in student scientific literacy levels during gymnasium studies
Authors: Rannikmäe Miia , Soobard Regina , Reiska Priit , Rannikmäe Arne , Holbrook Jack
Published: October 2017

Uurimuse eesmärk on longituuduuringule tuginedes kirjeldada gümnaasiumiõpilaste loodusteadusliku kirjaoskuse kujunemise protsessi dünaamikat. Töös kasutatud originaalinstrument koosneb neljast osast: neljast kontekstipõhisest ülesandest, teaduse olemuse ja enesehinnangu küsimustikest ning mõistekaardist. Representatiivse valimiga uuringus osalesid õpilased 42 koolist. Uurimistulemustest ilmneb, et õpilaste loodusteadusliku kirjaoskuse tase kasvab gümnaasiumi jooksul minimaalselt. Õpilaste tulemused 10. ja 12. klassis on sarnased nii aineteadmiste reprodutseerimises, kõrgemat järku kognitiivsetes oskustes, teaduse olemuse mõistmises, enesehinnangus ja ka mõistekaardi kasutamises. Seega, kuigi õppekava on kompetentsuspõhine, näitavad uurimistulemused, et õpilaste loodusteadusliku kirjaoskuse taseme muutus tuleneb pigem aineteadmiste juurdekasvust kui muudest komponentidest. Seetõttu on vaja alustada hariduspoliitilist diskussiooni loodusteaduslike õppeainete õpetamise nüüdisajastamiseks.
 Summary
Profiles of students who use mobile devices for the purposes of learning science and mathematics
Authors: Pedaste Margus , Must Olev , Leijen Äli , Mäeots Mario , Siiman Leo , Kori Külli , Adov Liina
Published: October 2017

Nutiseadmeid kasutatakse sageli igapäevaelus, kuid ei ole teada, mil viisil ja kui laialdaselt rakendatakse neid õppimise eesmärgil. Selle väljaselgitamiseks korraldati ülevaateuuring, milles osales 3521 õpilast 6. ja 9. klassist. DIGCOMPi raamistikust lähtudes hindasid õpilased, kui sageli nad kasutavad nutiseadmeid õppimiseks loodusainetes ja matemaatikas. Õpilased jagati hierarhilise klasteranalüüsi abil viide rühma: sünnipärased digikodanikud, infoinimesed, suhtlevad infoinimesed, loomeinimesed ja nutiseadmete mittekasutajad. Neist nelja esimese profiilid iseloomustavad eri viisil nutiseadmete kasutajaid, keda on kokku ligikaudu pool valimisse kuulunud õpilastest. Teise poole moodustavad nutiseadmete mittekasutajad, kelle seas saab eristada täpsemaid alarühmi (kokku 11). Alarühmade võrdlemine võimaldab kavandada viise, kuidas kujundada nutiseadmete kasutamise harjumust. Samuti ilmneb uurimistulemustest, et 6. ja 9. klassi õpilased ning poisid ja tüdrukud kuuluvad eri rühmadesse erineva tõenäosusega.
 Summary
Grade nine students’ learning interests towards science topics presented in different contexts and their motivation to learn science
Authors: Teppo Moonika , Semilarski Helen , Soobard Regina , Rannikmäe Miia
Published: October 2017

Viimaste aastate uuringute tulemused näitavad, et õpilased hindavad üha enam loodusainete õppimise vajalikkust, kuid endiselt on teemavaldkondi, mille õppimise vastu nad huvi ei tunne, kuna need on vähe seotud nende igapäevaelu või sotsiaalse keskkonnaga. Vähe on aga uuritud seda, kuidas loodusteaduslike õppeainete sisu esitamine eri kontekstis mõjutab õpilaste huvi õppekavaga kindlaks määratud teemade õppimise vastu. Artikli põhieesmärk on välja selgitada, millises kontekstis esitatud loodusteaduslike teemade õppimisest on 9. klassi õpilased (N = 848) huvitatud ning milline on õpilaste motivatsioon õppida loodusteaduslikke õppeaineid. Andmeid koguti katsetatud ja valideeritud kompleksinstrumendiga. Andmete analüüsimiseks kasutati nii peakomponentide kui ka klasteranalüüsi meetodeid. Leitud dimensioonid kirjeldavad õpilaste huvide kontekstuaalset iseloomu. K-keskmiste klasteranalüüsi tulemusena eristus nelja loodusaine sees kolm (kokku 12) õpilaste motivatsiooniprofiili, mis võimaldavad kirjeldada põhikooli lõpuklasside õpilaste huvisid ja motivatsioonilisi suundumusi loodusainete õppimisel. Õpilaste motivatsioon õppida loodusaineid on üldiselt suur ja seda nii tüdrukutel kui ka poistel.
 Summary
Assessing the biological literacy cognitive components of 10th and 11th grade students
Authors: Post Aveliis , Semilarski Helin , Laius Anne
Published: October 2017

Eesti põhikooli õpilaste loodusainete tulemused on PISA 2015 andmetel maailmas tipptasemel, kuid need ei kajastu gümnaasiumilõpetajatest kõrgkooli sisseastujate tasemes. Samas on ühiskonnas vajadus noorte järele, kes kasutavad loodusteaduslikke teadmisi probleemide lahendamiseks ning igapäevaeluliste otsuste tegemiseks ja põhjendamiseks. Uurimuse eesmärk on mõõta interdistsiplinaarse kontekstipõhise instrumendi abil 10. ja 11. klassi õpilaste bioloogia-alast kirjaoskust, võttes aluseks neli uuringuks välja valitud kognitiivset komponenti, et saada ülevaade gümnaasiumiõpilaste bioloogia-alase kirjaoskuse tähtsaimate kognitiivsete komponentide hetkeolukorrast. Tulemused näitavad, et kolm mõõdetud kognitiivset komponenti (probleemide lahendamise oskus, otsuse tegemise ja põhjendamise oskus ning loodusteadusliku loova mõtlemise voolavus) on keskmisel või madalal saavutustasemel ning üks komponent (bioloogia-alaste teadmiste reprodutseerimine) kõrgel saavutustasemel. Uuringu tulemusena selgub, et õpilaste bioloogiaalase kirjaoskuse kognitiivsetes komponentides esineb soolisi erinevusi nii 10. kui ka 11. klassi õpilastel, kuid tüdrukute natuke paremad tulemused kõikide ülesannete lahendamisel ei ole statistiliselt ega ka sisuliselt olulised. Uuring näitab, et gümnaasiumiõpilastel on bioloogiahariduses vaja rohkem tähelepanu pöörata probleemide lahendamise, otsuste tegemise ja põhjendamise oskuste ning loovuse arendamisele.
 Summary
First-year higher education ICT studies and dropout rates – the Estonian case
Authors: Kori Külli , Mardo Kadri
Published: October 2017

Loodusteaduste ja tehnoloogia valdkonnas on suureks probleemiks üliõpilaste väljalangemine IKT erialadelt. Siinse kvalitatiivse uurimuse eesmärk on mõista sügavamalt erinevusi väljalangenud ja edasiõppivate üliõpilaste vahel ning leida abinõud, mida saaks väljalangemuse vähendamiseks kasutusele võtta. Andmeid koguti intervjuudega kaheksalt väljalangenud ja kaheksalt õpinguid jätkanud üliõpilaselt. Tulemused näitavad, et iseseisev IKT õppimine enne kõrgkooli muudab õpingud kõrgkoolis lihtsamaks ning õpingute jätkamisele aitab kaasa tugevam akadeemiline ja sotsiaalne integratsioon. Erinevused väljalangenud ja õpinguid jätkanud üliõpilaste vahel ilmnevad vaid akadeemilise integratsiooni puhul. Seevastu eri õppevormides õppivate üliõpilaste erinevused seisnevad varasemates kogemustes, kõrgkooli astumise eesmärkides, õpingutele pühendumises ja sotsiaalses integratsioonis. Tulemuste põhjal saab esitada soovitusi IKT erialadelt väljalangemise ennetamiseks.
 Summary
Preface
Authors: Taimalu Merle , Schults Astra , Vinter-Nemvalts Kristi
Published: October 2017

Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakirja kolmandas vabanumbris esitatakse läbilõige meie hariduselu olulistest teemadest õpetajate ja õppijate silme läbi. Välisautor Michele Knobel annab analüütilise ülevaate remiksimist, kirjaoskust ja loovust käsitlevast teaduskirjandusest, lõimides uudsel ja põneval viisil eri teemasid. Teised artiklid võib tinglikult jagada kolme teemaplokki. Esimeses räägivad õpetajad eesmärkidest, kolleegide koostööst ja tundlike teemade õpetamisest ajalootunnis. Teise plokki koondunud artiklites käsitletakse ajast aega aktuaalseid teemasid: kiusamist koolis, haridustee poolelijätmist ja erivajadustega õppijate märkamist. Kolmandas plokis keskenduvad autorid kõrghariduses toimuvale, tundes muret väljundipõhise õppe eesmärkide saavutamise pärast ja uurides õpianalüütika võimalusi. Ajakirja lõpus tutvustatakse kaht värskelt ilmunud raamatut kaasava hariduse valdkonnast: kauaoodatud uut kõrgkooliõpikut logopeedidele ja David Mitchelli teost inimeste mitmekesisusest.
Remix, literacy and creativity: An analytic review of the research literature
Authors: Knobel Michele
Published: October 2017

Creativity is often identified as a key factor contributing to national economic growth and as an important life skill for personal and group wellbeing. Therefore, it is worth taking a close look at "creativity" as a concept and a practice, and to examine what might be at stake when grouping them together, especially in relation to schooling. The situation at schools is in marked contrast to a sizeable body of out-of-school research which shows how people are being creative and imaginative in their meaning making practices, especially within remix practices. The purpose of the paper is to survey existing English language research on digital remix and literacy with a view to identifying patterns across these studies that speak of the ways in which ordinary, everyday people have been practicing creativity. In the course of conducting this analytic review empirical publications published in English over the past two decades were examined and an overview of scientific literature on remix and literacy in out-of-school spaces was drawn up, identifying interesting patterns regarding creative endeavor and meaning making that might usefully inform classroom pedagogy. A related aim was to identify patterns concerning how digital remix and literacy have been studied to date. All of the 36 reviewed studies emphasise how approaching creativity as a thoroughly social phenomenon helps to confront instrumental approaches. The remix work documented in these studies show how committed people are to deliberately work at "being creative" and how that may help people to creatively engage with, or respond to, the rapid pace of change, with existing and emerging social, governmental and environmental problems, as well as to establish and maintain relationships across distance and differences.
If that’s the goal, any topic can be sensitive? Estonian teachers’ experiences with s ensitive issues in history
Authors: Kello Katrin , Raudsepp Maaris
Published: October 2017

Üks raskusi, millega tuleb õpetajatöös silmitsi seista, on ühiskondlikult tundlik õppesisu. Ajaloos ja muudes ühiskonnaainetes seostub see tihtipeale poliitiliste vastuolude ja valusate ajalookogemustega. Artiklis anname ülevaate tundlike ajalooteemade õpetamise teoreetilistest käsitlustest ning empiirilistest uurimustest nii ajaloodidaktika kui ka sotsiaalpsühholoogia vallas. Andmestik pärineb Eesti õpetajate küsitlusest, mis oli osa rahvusvahelisest koostööprojektist "Ajaloo repre sentatsioonide sotsiaalpsühholoogiline dünaamika laienenud Euroopa Liidus" kümne riigi osalusel. Veebiankeedi täitis 37 õpetajat, neist 13 vene keeles. Kogutud andmete temaatilisest kontentanalüüsist ja mõnel juhul ka statistilisest analüüsist ilmneb, milliseid ajalooteemasid tajuvad Eesti vastajad tundlikuna, mis strateegiaid nad kasutavad nende käsitlemisel, mis eesmärke endale seavad ning millist tuge vajavad.
 Summary
Teachers and social pedagogues as victims of bullying
Authors: Kõiv Kristi
Published: October 2017

Uurimuse eesmärk on võrrelda õpetajate ja sotsiaalpedagoogide ohvrikäitumise levimust ja olemust seoses õpilaste- ja täiskasvanutepoolse (õpetajate, juhtkonna, lapsevanemate, teiste koolitöötajate) kiusamisega Eestis. Üleriigilisest läbilõikeuuringust, mille käigus vastasid enesekohasele ankeedile 564 õpetajat ja 153 sotsiaalpedagoogi, ilmneb, et õpetajate seas oli ulatuslikumalt levinud õpilastepoolne kiusamine ja sotsiaalpedagoogide seas täiskasvanutevaheline kiusamine. Kinnitust leiab püstitatud hüpotees, et õpetajate puhul on õpilaste ja lapsevanemate verbaalne kiusamine ohuna personaalsele positsioonile ulatuslikum kui sotsiaalpedagoogidel. Lisaks selgub uurimistulemustest, et õpetajad on kogenud õpetajate- ja juhtkonnapoolse kiusamise liikidest sagedamini füüsilist isolatsiooni ning sotsiaalpedagoogid lapsevanematepoolse ja teiste koolitöötajate poolse kiusamise liikidest info varjamist. Uuritavate ohvrikäitumise levimust kiusamiskategooriate ja -liikide kaupa interpreteeritakse varasemate uuringute taustal.
 Summary
Early leaving from education and training: trends, factors and measures in Estonia
Authors: Kallip Kadri , Heidmets Mati
Published: October 2017

Varakult haridussüsteemist lahkunud noorte puhul on tegemist õpinguid mittejätkavate 18–24aastaste noortega, kellel on põhiharidus või sellest madalam haridustase. Kuigi nende hulk Eestis näitab viimasel kümnendil vähenemistendentsi, on varakult haridussüsteemist lahkunud noori jätkuvalt liiga palju. Nende osakaal Eestis on ka vähenenud aeglasemalt kui enamikus teistes Euroopa Liidu (EL) riikides. Artikli eesmärk on anda ülevaade varakult haridussüsteemist lahkumise trendidest Eestis ajavahemikul 2000–2015 ja kirjeldada haridustee katkestamise peamisi mõjureid ning ennetus-, sekkumis- ja tagasitoomismeetmeid. Andmete metaanalüüs tugineb nii Eesti ja ELi statistikaameti (Eurostati) tööjõu-uuringute andmetele kui ka Eesti hariduse infosüsteemi (EHIS) ning Eesti statistikaameti andmebaasidele. Tulemused näitavad, et Eestis on varakult haridussüsteemist lahkunud isikute seas suur noormeeste osakaal ning peamisteks haridustee katkestamise riskiteguriteks võib pidada nii maa-asulas elamist kui ka muu riigi kodakondsuse omamist. Lisaks ilmneb, et põhiharidusega või sellest madalama haridusega piirdunud 18–24aastased noored elavad võrreldes oma eakaaslastega, kellel on kõrgem haridustase, suuremas sotsiaalse tõrjutuse või vaesusohus, kogevad enam suhtelist ja absoluutset vaesust ning materiaalset ilmajäetust ja osalevad vähem tööturul. Samuti selgub artiklist, et kuigi Eestis ei ole varakult haridussüsteemist lahkunud noorte sihtrühmale välja töötatud eriprogramme, on nii riikliku, kohaliku omavalitsuse kui ka kooli tasandil olemas üleüldisi meetmeid ja teenuseid, mida kasutatakse haridustee katkestamise ohus õpilaste aitamiseks.
 Summary
Opportunities for learning analytics supporting learning and teaching in teacher education
Authors: Kollom Kaire , Tammets Kairit
Published: October 2017

Info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia rakendamine ning õpihaldussüsteemide ja õpikeskkondade kasutamine õppeprotsessis on muutnud õpetajaks õppijate õpikogemusi ning õpetajahariduse õppejõudude õpetamisviise. Sellega kaasnevad erinevad digitaalsed andmed, mis annavad õppijale, õpetajale ning õppekava eestvedajale tagasisidet õppimise ja õpetamise tõhustamiseks. Haridusvaldkonnas aina enam rakendust leidev õpianalüütika võimaldab suurendada õppijate teadlikkust ja tõhusust õppeprotsessis, individualiseerida õppeprotsessi ning saada pidevat ja jooksvat tagasisidet õppimise edenemise kohta. Artikli eesmärk on analüüsida õpetajahariduse üliõpilaste ja õppejõudude ootusi õpianalüütika võimaluste suhtes, et toetada õpikeskkonnas õppimist ja õpetamist. Uurimuse teoreetilise raamistiku loob ennastjuhtiva õppija kontseptsioon. Uurimistulemused baseeruvad disainipõhisel uurimusel, kus osalusdisaini sessioonide käigus selgitati välja õpikeskkonna kasutajate (üliõpilaste, õppejõudude, õppekavade juhtide) ootused õpikeskkonna õpianalüütikarakenduste suhtes.
 Summary
Kommunikatsioonipuuete märkamine, hindamine ja ületamine
Authors: Padrik Marika
Published: October 2017

Inimeste kommunikatsioon võib häiruda mitmesugustel põhjustel, tuues kaasa probleeme isiklikes suhetes, infovahetuses, töös ja õppimises. Kõrgkooliõpikus "Kommunikatsioonipuuded lastel ja täiskasvanutel: märkamine, hindamine ja teraapia" käsitletakse olukordi, mis võivad takistada inimese toimetulekut sotsiaalses keskkonnas ja vajavad seetõttu logopeedi sekkumist. Õpikuna on raamat mõeldud eeskätt logopeedia eriala üliõpilastele. Käsiraamatuna pakub see huvi kõigile praktiseerivatele või tulevastele spetsialistidele, sh õpetajatele, kes oma töös puutuvad kokku inimestega, kellel on kommunikatsiooniprobleemid. Õpiku üks tugevaid külgi on teadusuuringute tihe seotus praktikaga – kõik peatükid on valminud Tartu Ülikooli õppejõudude ja praktikute koostöös. Praktikast pärit juhtumikirjeldused aitavad puudeid märgata, põhjalikult kirjeldatakse diagnostika- ja sekkumisviise, arvestades seejuures eesti keele eripära.
Isikustatud õpe arvestab erinevusi: kas mõõdukalt tempereeritud utoopia?
Authors: Kõrgesaar Jaan
Published: October 2017

David Mitchell on kujunenud kaasava õppe kvalifitseeritud eestkõnelejaks kaugelt laiemalt kui kodusel Uus-Meremaal. Ajakirjanumbris arvustatakse 2017. aastal ilmunud teost "Diversities in education: Effective ways to reach all learners", milles on Mitchelli temaatiline haare laienenud viiele omadusele, mille järgi saab inimesi eristada. Need on bioloogiline ja sotsiaalne sugupool, klassikuuluvus koos sotsiaal-majandusliku staatusega, rass ja rahvus koos kultuuriga, veendumused ja religioon, lõpuks võimekus ja puue. Autori läbiv vaade on stereotüüpe lõhkuv ja mõõdukalt optimistlik. Toimetulek kirevusega teel täielikult isikustatud õppe poole eeldab autori kinnitusel korralikku pingutust õige mitmel rindel.
Assessing whether a variable has a Normal distribution: Methods
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: October 2017

In the first in a series on Normal distribution, we will consider the importance of assessing whether data have a Normal distribution, and describe the numerical and graphical methods available
Perceptions of breast milk expression practices among working mothers
Authors: Okonya Joyce Nankumbi , Nabimba Ronald , Richard Muhindo , Ombeva Elizabeth Ayebare
Published: October 2017

Background:

Working women often feel unable to practise exclusive breastfeeding if they return to work early. Expressing breast milk is an option to ensure exclusive breastfeeding.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to explore the working mothers' knowledge, perceptions and breast milk expression practices.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to administer a structured questionnaire to 217 working breastfeeding mothers attending the postnatal clinic at Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Simple random sampling was used to select women who consented before completing the questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics.

Findings:

The respondents (79.3%) were knowledgeable about breast milk expression but only a few knew about the storage and use of expressed breast milk. Breast milk expression was not practised by most of the mothers (73.7%), and the majority (64.5%) did not like to express breast milk, raising doubts on acceptability, hygiene and safety. Chi-square (χ2) tests showed an association between breast milk expression and level of education (χ2=5.595; P=0.018), occupation (χ2=4.678, P=0.031), infant feeding practices (χ2=9.617; P=0.002), knowledge (χ2=16.97; P<0.00), and perception (χ2=13.772; P<0.00) of breast milk expression.

Conclusions:

The results highlighted important knowledge gaps about breast milk expression. There is a need to design and implement interventions to sensitise and support women to express breast milk for continued exclusive breastfeeding.
Narratives of labour and childbirth in women with obstetric fistula in Kenya
Authors: Khisa Anne M , Omoni Grace M , Spitzer Rachel , Nyamongo Isaac K
Published: October 2017

Background:

Obstetric fistula is caused by prolonged obstructed labour, and affects about 1% of women in Kenya. Although early treatment is recommended, women live with the condition for many years and endure physical, psychological and social suffering.

Aims:

To document the experiences of women with fistula illness.

Methods:

Using grounded theory methodology, narratives focusing on labour and childbirth were obtained from a purposive sample of 121 patients with obstetric fistula in 3 hospitals in Kenya. Narratives were analysed using a three-dimensional framework: Interaction, Continuity and Place.

Findings:

Six emergent themes predicting occurrence of fistula were identified. These were: people who assisted the labour process (interaction); time spent in labour; birth outcomes for baby (continuity); mode of delivery; referral of women in obstructed labour; and place of delivery.

Conclusions:

These findings have potential to inform the development of a midwifery early screening intervention for fistula care in Kenya.
Saving lives by task sharing: The role of the non-doctor surgeon
Authors: Ghosh Biku , Berhan Yifru , Wossen Melese Takele , Abdulahi Yusuf Abdulkadir , Gobeze Abera A
Published: October 2017

Background:

Ethiopia has serious shortages of obstetric and surgical specialists. A national Masters degree programme to train non-doctor mid-level health professionals in Emergency Surgery and Obstetrics started in 2009. Qualified professionals are known as integrated emergency surgical officers (IESOs).

Aims:

This study was carried out to evaluate graduated IESO's performances and the outcome of their work.

Methods:

Questionnaires were sent to all 135 registered members of the Professional Association of Emergency Surgical Officers of Ethiopia (PAESOE). Responses were received from 64 IESOs.

Findings:

Results showed that the IESOs had carried out a total of 20 176 caesarean sections since graduating. In the first 3 months of 2016, there were 3035 caesarean sections and 970 other laparotomies. Following caesarean section, the rate of neonatal deaths was 2.8%, and the rate of maternal deaths was 0.26%. The rate of maternal deaths following laparotomies was 0.61%. The rate of postoperative complications was 1.92%.

Conclusions:

Results showed that task-sharing with trained non-doctor emergency surgeons can improve access and outcomes for patients in need of essential surgical care. A similar programme could be a model for other developing countries.
Commonwealth Professional Fellowships
Authors: Bedford Helen Claire , Chamanga Rose Piaroza
Published: October 2017

Commonwealth Professional Fellowships are a well-established, esteemed and charitable means of promoting professional development for mid-career Commonwealth citizens. Within midwifery, they can provide unique and valuable opportunities to actively engage with global communities.

In spring 2014, four Malawian midwifery tutors undertook a month-long visit to Aberdeen in north east Scotland to host and participate in a Commonwealth Professional Fellowship award, which highlighted the value of planning and delivering individualsed programmes of learning. During their trip, the midwifery tutors visited clinical practice areas and higher education institutions, consulted with professional peers and students, and engaged in social and cultural activities.

The immediate and ongoing impact of the experience on learning is considered and the professional and personal benefits identified.
The things that set us apart hold most interest
Authors: Campbell-Barr Verity
Published: October 2017

This series on international perspectives of ECEC is designed to offer a window into what is happening in other countries. We finish the series by exploring the commonality and differences that have emerged.
Why the generation game has benefits for everyone
Authors: Webster Chloe
Published: October 2017

We talk of broadening a child's horizons, of understanding the world, and of the community around the child, and what better way can there be than to reconnect the youngest and oldest in society.
Following in Froebel's footsteps
Authors: Solly Kathryn
Published: October 2017

When I re-trained to become a nursery teacher I became acquainted and fascinated by Froebel's ideas and how they linked to my own life experiences and teaching. His work has had a major influence on my subsequent career.
Minister taken to task over 30-hours
Authors: Jones Deri
Published: October 2017

The Pre-School Learning Alliance secured a parliamentary lobby event recently, ahead of a Westminster Hall debate on the impact of the extended ‘free’ entitlement. The Alliance's Deri Jones reports.
End of year celebrations
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: October 2017

Families may observe different festivals towards the end of the calendar year, but general celebratory activities can be shared with all staff, children and parents at this time, regardless of beliefs.
Self-care for practitioners
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: October 2017

The care and education of the children in your setting are of paramount importance, this much is certain, but what about you? How do you ensure that you are fit and ready to offer world class care?
Odd bits and outdoor hits
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: October 2017

Jenni Clarke explores ways to promote healthy habits in the early years. This month's article looks at the resources and materials you can use to encourage children to be more active in the outdoor area.
Getting a measure of things
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: October 2017

This article is an extract from the Practical Pre-School book, Developing Early Maths Skills Outdoors; it explores the notion of length in relation to physical development and a child's mathematical knowledge.
Something nice to finish
Authors: Revel Edwina , Leech Georgia
Published: October 2017

So far in this series, we have offered advice on what to serve for a healthy breakfast, for the two main mealtimes and for snacks; in this article we turn our attention to puddings and desserts.
Continuing Professional Development: Diabetes in pre-hospital care
Authors: Kitchener Anthony
Published: October 2017

Overview

This CPD module aims to outline some of the complications a diabetic patient may present with in a pre-hospital setting. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a long term condition of high blood sugar. It is a condition of hormones, a condition of metabolism and a condition of inflammation. These multiple aspects give rise to various long term complications that the paramedic should be aware of. This module highlights the complexities that could present to paramedics when attending to a diabetic patient in pre-hospital settings.
The Minimum Income Standard as a benchmark of a ‘participatory social minimum’
Authors: Davis Abigail , Hirsch Donald , Padley Matt
Published: October 2017

The Minimum Income Standard (MIS), a method for constructing minimum household budgets based on public consensus, helps to operationalise Townsend's concept of a ‘participatory social minimum’. Since 2008 MIS has tracked changes in the contents and cost of minimum baskets of goods and services. The article reflects on aspects of this research: the living standard that MIS represents, how consensus is reached and its record of providing consistent results over time. Understanding these features allows policy makers, practitioners and analysts to use the results of MIS appropriately, alongside other research, to benchmark the success of measures to promote adequate incomes.
From genograms to peer group mapping: introducing peer relationships into social work assessment and intervention
Authors: Firmin Carlene
Published: October 2017

Despite evidence that young people’s peer relationships are associated with their experiences of abuse, child protection guidance directs social work practice to be primarily focused on the assessment of, and intervention with, families. Presenting data from two studies into the nature of, and safeguarding response to, peer abuse in England, this article questions the familial parameters of child protection frameworks, and evidences the need to include peer group relationships within social work assessment. Drawing on Bourdieu’s sociological theory, a conceptual framework is used to evidence that familial-focused practice fails to address the extra-familial social conditions in which peer abuse manifests. Complimenting an international evidence base that promotes ecological responses to adolescent welfare and social service development, this article suggests that advancing knowledge of peer group assessment and intervention should form a central part of the child protection research agenda.
The abcanny politics of landscape in Lucy Wood’s Diving Belles
Authors: March-Russell Paul
Published: October 2017

In a recent article on the eeriness of the English countryside, Robert Macfarlane juxtaposes an official version of English culture, which emphasizes heritage, progress and national unity, with the unofficial versions of ‘Englishness’ being offered by writers, artists, musicians and filmmakers that emphasize local differences, dispossessed peoples or communities, and historical decay or regression. These themes, according to Macfarlane, are mediated through preoccupations with violence, ruins and the uncanny – the revival of interest in Weird fiction writers, such as M. R. James, being exemplary. This article takes up but also expands upon Macfarlane’s argument by focussing on a recent text: Lucy Wood’s 2012 collection, Diving Belles. Of interest here is Wood’s use of the Cornish landscape that she invests not only with literal spirits and ghosts but also with a Weird-like sense of what China Miéville has termed the ‘abcanny’, such that her stories hover somewhere between the traditional ghost story, mundane realism and a peculiarly English variant of magical realism. Although there is little overt political content in Wood’s stories, this article argues that the abcanny form of her stories, whilst also contesting heritage-based representations of Cornwall, mediates the ambiguous relationship of Cornwall towards the English political heartlands. In this sense, then, Macfarlane’s argument can be helpfully developed since, whilst haunted versions of the English countryside can become assimilated into an official model of national heritage, the abcanny landscape remains estranged from such cultural and political appropriation.
The Dark Heart
Authors: Royle Nicholas
Published: October 2017

‘The Dark Heart’ is an original short story. The author comments: ‘I have long been intrigued by B. S. Johnson’s approach to writing The Unfortunates, a novel in a box with chapters that were designed to be read in any order, apart from the first and last chapters, which were fixed. However, while I would appear to have followed his example with “The Dark Heart”, in which the sections may be read in any order, apart from the opening and closing sections, in fact, in the writing of the story, I was following the same method I used for In Camera (Negative Press London), a collaboration with artist David Gledhill, for which I wrote self-contained sections one page in length that were then printed in an order that was more or less arbitrary.’
Book Reviews
Authors: Baldwin Dean , Holdefer Charles
Published: October 2017

The Cambridge Companion to the English Short Story, Ann-Marie Einhaus (ed.) (2016)

Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 250 pp.,

ISBN: 9781107446014, p/bk, £18.99

 

George Saunders: Critical Essays (American Literature Readings in the 21st Century), Philip Coleman and Steve Gronert Ellerhoff (eds) (2017)

Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 292 pp.,

ISBN: 978-3319499314, h/bk (also available in Kindle), £74.50
The organizational fundamentals of innovation development management of agro-industrial enterprises
Authors: Yasnolob Ilona , Radionova Yana
Published: October 2017

Modern prospects of innovation activities at agro-industrial enterprises and the conditions of innovation diffusion have been discussed. The main structure forming elements of organizing innovation activities have been characterized: personnel (people), ideas, funds, culture. The principles of organizing innovation activities at agro-industrial enterprises have been suggested. The functioning of these principles is provided by the project-matrix structure of the organization. It has been proven that the necessary conditions of effective organizing innovation activities at agro-industrial enterprises are: the distributing of roles and responsibilities; ensuring the effective distribution of information and flexibility of using resources; defining the responsibility for the made decisions. The practical importance of the investigation consists in developing concrete methodological foundations the using of which allows to raise the effectiveness of innovation activities at agro-industrial enterprises.