bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event-by-event direction reconstruction of solar neutrinos in a high light-yield liquid scintillator
Authors: Allega A. , Anderson M. R. , Andringa S. , Antunes J. , Askins M. , Auty D. J. , Bacon A. , Baker J. , Barros N. , Barão F. , Bayes R. , Beier E. W. , Bezerra T. S. , Bialek A. , Biller S. D. , Blucher E. , Caden E. , Callaghan E. J. , Chen M. , Cheng S. , Cleveland B. , Cookman D. , Corning J. , Cox M. A. , Dehghani R. , Deloye J. , Depatie M. M. , Di Lodovico F. , Dittmer J. , Dixon K. H. , Falk E. , Fatemighomi N. , Ford R. , Gaur A. , González-Reina O. I. , Gooding D. , Grant C. , Grove J. , Hall S. , Hallin A. L. , Heintzelman W. J. , Helmer R. L. , Hewitt C. , Hreljac B. , Howard V. , Hu J. , Hunt-Stokes R. , Hussain S. M. A. , Inácio A. S. , Jillings C. J. , Kaluzienski S. , Kaptanoglu T. , Khaghani P. , Khan H. , Klein J. R. , Kormos L. L. , Krar B. , Kraus C. , Krauss C. B. , Kroupová T. , Lake C. , Lebanowski L. , Lee J. , Lefebvre C. , Lin Y. H. , Lozza V. , Luo M. , Maio A. , Manecki S. , Maneira J. , Martin R. D. , McCauley N. , McDonald A. B. , Mills C. , Milton G. , Morton-Blake I. , Mubasher M. , Molina Colina A. , Morris D. , Naugle S. , Nolan L. J. , O’Keeffe H. M. , Orebi Gann G. D. , Page J. , Paleshi K. , Parker W. , Paton J. , Peeters S. J. M. , Pickard L. , Ravi P. , Reichold A. , Riccetto S. , Rigan M. , Rose J. , Rosero R. , Rumleskie J. , Semenec I. , Skensved P. , Smiley M. , Smith J. , Svoboda R. , Tam B. , Tseng J. , Valder S. , Vázquez-Jáuregui E. , Virtue C. J. , Wang J. , Ward M. , Wilson J. R. , Wilson J. D. , Wright A. , Yanez J. P. , Yang S. , Yeh M. , Ye Z. , Yu S. , Zhang Y. , Zuber K. , Zummo A. ,   The SNO+ Collaboration
Published: April 2024

The direction of individual B8 solar neutrinos has been reconstructed using the SNO+ liquid scintillator detector. Prompt, directional Cherenkov light was separated from the slower, isotropic scintillation light using time information, and a maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the direction of individual scattered electrons. A clear directional signal was observed, correlated with the solar angle. The observation was aided by a period of low primary fluor concentration that resulted in a slower scintillator decay time. This is the first time that event-by-event direction reconstruction in high light-yield liquid scintillator has been demonstrated in a large-scale detector.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Reservoir engineering for classical nonlinear fields
Authors: Tissot Benedikt , Ribeiro Hugo , Marquardt Florian
Published: April 2024

Reservoir engineering has become a prominent tool to control quantum systems. Recently, there have been first experiments applying it to many-body systems, especially with a view to engineer particle-conserving dissipation for quantum simulations using bosons. In this paper, we explore the dissipative dynamics of these systems in the classical limit. We derive a general equation of motion capturing the effective nonlinear dissipation introduced by the bath and apply it to the special case of a Bose-Hubbard model, where it leads to an unconventional type of dissipative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Building on that, we study the dynamics of one and two solitons in such a dissipative classical field theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Resonant excitation of plasma waves in a plasma channel
Authors: Ross A. J. , Chappell J. , van de Wetering J. J. , Cowley J. , Archer E. , Bourgeois N. , Corner L. , Emerson D. R. , Feder L. , Gu X. J. , Jakobsson O. , Jones H. , Picksley A. , Reid L. , Wang W. , Walczak R. , Hooker S. M.
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate resonant excitation of a plasma wave by a train of short laser pulses guided in a preformed plasma channel, for parameters relevant to a plasma-modulated plasma accelerator (P-MoPA). We show experimentally that a train of N≈10 short pulses, of total energy ∼1J, can be guided through 110mm long plasma channels with on-axis densities in the range 1017–1018cm−3. The spectrum of the transmitted train is found to be strongly red shifted when the plasma period is tuned to the intratrain pulse spacing. Numerical simulations are found to be in excellent agreement with the measurements and indicate that the resonantly excited plasma waves have an amplitude in the range 3–10GVm−1, corresponding to an accelerator stage energy gain of order 1GeV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A meta-review of global virtual team research: thematic insights and future directions
Authors: Lynden Karen D.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study provides a meta-review of global virtual team (GVT)–related reviews, creating a resource that highlights dominant themes, research trends and shifts in topics over time culminating in a summary of opportunities for future research. By analyzing and grouping the evidence presented in previous research, this meta-review provides key insights toward future research and managerial implications.

Design/methodology/approach

This meta-review identifies 35 existing GVT-related reviews across 32 publication outlets, providing a longitudinal and cross-disciplinary view of GVT research to date.

Findings

Results of the analysis reveal over time that there has been a largely adopted reconceptualization of the GVT paradigm toward a continuum of virtuality. There has been a shift in the view of the cross-cultural and global components of GVTs toward a recognition that a greater variance of dimensionality exists. Additionally, popular themes across the literature emerge, notably, virtuality, concepts of culture, trust, leadership and communication technology.

Originality/value

As a multidisciplinary GVT-focused meta-review, this study complements previous efforts by taking a tour across this wide topic and is dedicated to those who are researching, teaching, working and managing GVT-related strategies. The reviews selected represent work published across multiple literature streams, providing a comprehensive and forward thinking perspective.
“I like the way I am”: invisibility and activism in children’s picture books with fat protagonists
Authors: Valauri Anne
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Early childhood and early elementary are key times when children develop internal and external antifat attitudes; thus, it is necessary to better understand the available children’s literature around fatness.This paper aims to examine children's picture books with fat protagonists to better understand the current landscape of children's literature. Drawing on relevant literature around fat characters and the fat studies movement, this critical content analysis considers five children’s books featuring fat protagonists.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses critical content analysis to analyze texts featuring fat protagonists, including two rounds of initial reading and analysis. Using lenses of critical literacy and critical multicultural analysis, the author looks for common themes, silences and absences in the texts, images and peritext.

Findings

This paper identifies themes of characters initially internalizing antifatness, then pushing back against antifat bias toward existing with joy and without stigma. Several of these texts even draw on the history of fat activism, highlighting societal critique and a potential activist component of children’s literature with fat protagonists.

Research limitations/implications

The study has a small number of books, due to the limited number of texts that fit the study parameters.

Practical implications

The paper concludes with examples of scaffolding for teachers and parents to have conversations with young children about antifat bias while also acknowledging notable absences, particularly boy protagonists.

Social implications

These themes illustrate the power of young children to push back against antifat bias and critique oppressive social structures.

Originality/value

There have been very few studies looking at antifatness in children’s picture books. With more books with fat protagonists coming out in the 2020s, this study offers an understanding of the themes present, while also emphasizing the need for an intersectional approach to literature with fat protagonists.
Organizational psychological ownership and innovative work behavior: the roles of coexisting knowledge sharing and hiding across organizational contexts
Authors: Hao Jin-Xing , Chen Zhiqiang , Mahsud Minhas , Yu Yan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Drawing upon psychological ownership theory, the aim of this study was to uncover the coexisting mediating effects of knowledge sharing and hiding on the relationship between employees’ organizational psychological ownership (OPO) and their innovative work behavior (IWB). The moderating role of organizational context in these mediating relationships was further examined to determine the moderated mediation paths.

Design/methodology/approach

This study mainly used a survey-based research method and collected data from 512 professionals from both public and private organizations in Pakistan to test our proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The results showed that coexisting knowledge sharing and hiding mediated the relationship between employees’ OPO and IWB. Furthermore, organizational context moderated the mediated relationships, providing support for the moderated mediation framework.

Practical implications

The results highlight the significance of fostering employees’ OPO to enhance their IWB by promoting knowledge sharing and preventing knowledge hiding. This study also urges managers to consider the contingency effect of organizational contexts when promoting employees’ IWB in emerging economies.

Originality/value

The results obtained in this study suggest that the knowledge behavior paradox occurs in organizations, and distinct organizational contexts play crucial but differential roles in intervening in the effect of employees’ OPO on their IWB. This study empirically validated this complex mechanism in an important emerging economy in Asia.
The admissibility of illegally obtained evidence in cases involving money laundering offences: a Malaysian perspective
Authors: Kanagaraj Karunanithi , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate the current legal position on the admissibility and exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in money laundering cases.

Design/methodology/approach

A thorough exploratory analytical analysis signifies that such illegally obtained evidence from money laundering offences is admissible, provided it does not undermine the administration of justice or the right to a fair trial.

Findings

By virtue of the lack of written or codified rules governing the admissibility and exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in cases involving money laundering, the rule of admissibility remains the primary foundational principle for the governance of the admissibility and exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in money laundering cases.

Originality/value

The Malaysian Criminal Justice System has historically relied on the long-standing admissibility principles to admit and exclude illegally obtained evidence. For decades, courts have used their discretion to admit illegally obtained evidence based on the relevancy test, and they have further demonstrated to use the same discretion to exclude gravely prejudicial evidence. Evidence obtained illegally but if relevant to the matter in issue is deemed admissible. Evidence derived from an act associated with unlawful activities or a predicate offence in money laundering may be obtained illegally, which may influence the prosecution case and conversely, defend the accused’s rights to a fair trial.
Share pledging by controlling shareholders and accounting conservatism: evidence from India
Authors: Avabruth Suhas M. , Nathan Siva , Saravanan Palanisamy
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between accounting conservatism and pledging of shares by controlling shareholders of a firm to obtain a loan. The pledging of shares by the controlling shareholders of a firm results in alterations to the payoff and risk structure for these shareholders. Since accounting numbers have valuation implications, pledging of shares by a controlling shareholder has an impact on accounting policy choices made by the firm. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of controlling shareholder share pledging to obtain a loan on a specific accounting policy choice, namely, conservatism.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a large data set from India comprising 14,786 firm years consisting of 1,570 firms belonging to 58 industries for a period of 11 years (2009–2019). The authors use ordinary least square regression with robust standard errors. The authors conduct robustness checks and the results are consistent across alternative statistical methodologies and alternative measures of the primary dependent and independent variables.

Findings

The primary results show that pledging of shares by the controlling shareholders results in higher conditional conservatism and lower unconditional conservatism. Further analysis reveals that the relationship is stronger when the controlling shareholder holds a majority ownership in the firm. Additionally, the results show that for business group affiliated firms, which are unique to developing countries, both the conditional and the unconditional conservatism are incrementally lower when the controlling shareholder pledges the shares. For family firms with a family member as CEO, the conditional conservatism is incrementally higher and the unconditional conservatism is incrementally lower. Finally, the authors show that the results hold when the pledge intensity variable is measured with a one-year lag and finally, the authors show that conditional conservatism is incrementally higher in the year of the increase in the pledge and the year after, but there is no such incremental impact on unconditional conservatism.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited to the listed firms in India. Since majority of the listed firms are controlled by families and the family firms around the world are heterogeneous the findings of the research may not be applicable to other countries.

Practical implications

The study has implications for policy-making and monitoring of the pledging by the controlling shareholders. It also helps the investors in making investment decisions with respect to family firms in India.

Originality/value

The study is unique as it focuses on the relationship between pledging of shares by the controlling shareholders and its impact on accounting conservatism. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research integrating these two aspects.
Non-rigid point set registration based on Gaussian mixture model with integrated feature divergence
Authors: Tang Chuyu , Wang Hao , Chen Genliang , Xu Shaoqiu
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a robust method for non-rigid point set registration, using the Gaussian mixture model and accommodating non-rigid transformations. The posterior probabilities of the mixture model are determined through the proposed integrated feature divergence.

Design/methodology/approach

The method involves an alternating two-step framework, comprising correspondence estimation and subsequent transformation updating. For correspondence estimation, integrated feature divergences including both global and local features, are coupled with deterministic annealing to address the non-convexity problem of registration. For transformation updating, the expectation-maximization iteration scheme is introduced to iteratively refine correspondence and transformation estimation until convergence.

Findings

The experiments confirm that the proposed registration approach exhibits remarkable robustness on deformation, noise, outliers and occlusion for both 2D and 3D point clouds. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms existing analogous algorithms in terms of time complexity. Application of stabilizing and securing intermodal containers loaded on ships is performed. The results demonstrate that the proposed registration framework exhibits excellent adaptability for real-scan point clouds, and achieves comparatively superior alignments in a shorter time.

Originality/value

The integrated feature divergence, involving both global and local information of points, is proven to be an effective indicator for measuring the reliability of point correspondences. This inclusion prevents premature convergence, resulting in more robust registration results for our proposed method. Simultaneously, the total operating time is reduced due to a lower number of iterations.
Influence of delay in utility shifting for extension of time claims in road construction projects in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunarathna Deraniyagalage Chanaka , Perera H.A.H.P. , Perera B.A.K.S. , Disaratna P.A.P.V.D.S.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Delays in utility shifting during road construction have broad ramifications. These delays not only lengthen the project's timeline but also raise expenses and cause problems with resource allocation. Thus, this study investigates the influence of delay in utility shifting for extension of time claims in road construction projects (RCPs) in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a quantitative approach with three rounds of Delphi surveys to gather empirical data. Further, the probability impact assessment was used to carefully analyse the data and appraise the information gathered.

Findings

The findings initially revealed 33 causes of delays in utility shifting for extension of time claims in RCPs in Sri Lanka. Ultimately, 11 severe causes were identified based on their high probability and impact, concluding with 45 strategies that were assigned to overcoming those most severe causes of delay.

Originality/value

This study will contribute to the industry and theory by providing solutions to handle utility-shifting delays with the linkage of preventing time extension claims for RCPs in Sri Lanka. Further, there is a dearth of literature in the research area, both locally and globally. Thus, the findings of this research will provide a benchmark for further detailed studies in other countries as well.
Propensity score matching mitigates risk of faulty inferences in observational studies of effectiveness of restoration trials
Authors: Kluender Chad R. , Germino Matthew J. , Anthony Christopher R.
Published: April 2024

Determining effectiveness of restoration treatments is an important requirement of adaptive management, but it can be non‐trivial where only portions of large and heterogeneous landscapes of concern can be treated and sampled. Bias and non‐randomness in the spatial deployment of treatment and thus sampling is nearly unavoidable in the data available for large‐scale management trials, and the biophysical landscape characteristics underlying the bias are key but rare considerations in analyses of treatment effects.

Treatment effects from large‐scale management trials are typically estimated with multivariable regression (MVR) models. However, this method is unsuited to reliable estimations of treatment effects when treated and untreated areas differ in their underlying biophysical variability. An alternative to conventional regression is to use propensity score (PS) matching, which can limit the differences in confounding variables among treatment groups and assure the data collected or selected for analysis are more consistent with a randomized and unconfounded experiment. Thus, PS is expected to identify treatment effects more accurately.

We used data from a large‐scale monitoring effort of a megafire to evaluate the efficacy of PS matching in making inferences on treatment effects when treatments are applied non‐randomly over a large heterogeneous area. We compared the resulting inference to both traditional MVR methods and to “naïve” methods that do not consider treatment allocation bias.

Treatment effects varied between the different statistical methods for controlling selection bias and confounding biophysical factors. The PS‐matched model revealed a weaker treatment effect of drill seeding and a greater effect of herbicide spraying on the cover of perennial bunchgrasses when compared to MVR or naïve modelled estimates. The inferences from the PS‐matched model are considered more reliable because the treated and untreated plots are more similar in their underlying biophysical characteristics.

Synthesis and applications. Failure to consider the non‐random and selective deployment of restoration treatments by managers leads to faulty inference on their effectiveness. However, tools such as propensity‐score matching can be used to remove the bias from analyses of the outcomes of management trials or to devise sampling plans that efficiently protect against the bias.
A newly discovered Hystrix primigenia specimen from the Kemiklitepe collection at Ege University Natural History Museum: insights into paleobiogeography in Eurasia
Authors: HALAÇLAR Kazım , RUMMY Paul , MAYDA Serdar , DENG Tao
Published: April 2024

Porcupines, members of the Hystricidae family, represent a unique group of herbivorous mammals. This study details the identification of a newly discovered mandible fragment of Hystrix primigenia, along with a right cheek tooth series from the middle Turolian Kemiklitepe‐A fossil locality. While Hystrix fossils are found in numerous localities, the materials are often limited to a few dental fragments or isolated teeth, posing challenges to systematic investigations. The examination of this lower tooth series prompted a comprehensive review of all H. primigenia findings across Eurasia, shedding light on its adaptive characteristics over time and space. Our paleobiogeographical analysis indicates the absence of H. depereti in Late Miocene Türkiye, while the dispersal range of H. primigenia is broader than that of H. depereti in Eurasia. Additionally, the study delves into the discussion of H. primigenia and H. depereti findings in Eurasia, ultimately refining the categorization of Late Miocene Hystrix discoveries in Türkiye to two species: H. primigenia and H. kayae. Our review suggests the possibility of an additional H. kayae finding from Samos, Greece.
Adaptive laboratory evolution of Clostridium autoethanogenum to metabolize CO2 and H2 enhances growth rates in chemostat and unravels proteome and metabolome alterations
Authors: Heffernan James , Garcia Gonzalez R. Axayactl , Mahamkali Vishnu , McCubbin Tim , Daygon Dara , Liu Lian , Palfreyman Robin , Harris Audrey , Koepke Michael , Valgepea Kaspar , Nielsen Lars Keld , Marcellin Esteban
Published: April 2024

Gas fermentation of CO2 and H2 is an attractive means to sustainably produce fuels and chemicals. Clostridium autoethanogenum is a model organism for industrial CO to ethanol and presents an opportunity for CO2‐to‐ethanol processes. As we have previously characterized its CO2/H2 chemostat growth, here we use adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with the aim of improving growth with CO2/H2. Seven ALE lineages were generated, all with improved specific growth rates. ALE conducted in the presence of 2% CO along with CO2/H2 generated Evolved lineage D, which showed the highest ethanol titres amongst all the ALE lineages during the fermentation of CO2/H2. Chemostat comparison against the parental strain shows no change in acetate or ethanol production, while Evolved D could achieve a higher maximum dilution rate. Multi‐omics analyses at steady state revealed that Evolved D has widespread proteome and intracellular metabolome changes. However, the uptake and production rates and titres remain unaltered until investigating their maximum dilution rate. Yet, we provide numerous insights into CO2/H2 metabolism via these multi‐omics data and link these results to mutations, suggesting novel targets for metabolic engineering in this bacterium.
Innovation in Financial Inclusion Policies with Digital Transformation: Evidence from South Korea*
Authors: Byun Kiwoong , Hong Jusung , Kim Baeho , Park Jehyun
Published: April 2024

This study aims to provide economic insights to enhance the implementation of financial inclusion policies by advancing credit analytics through financial digital transformation. To this end, we examine whether integrating financial analytics innovation with large‐scale financial data can boost the effectiveness of financial inclusion policies and ultimately contribute to better economic outcomes for financially vulnerable individuals. According to our analysis, the government funding program of KRW 200 billion (approximately USD 155 million) can potentially assist an additional 46.56% of financially excluded individuals in South Korea who struggle to obtain loans due to their current credit ratings.
COVID‐19 lockdowns affected birthing outcomes in a regional New South Wales Health District
Authors: Hofstee Pierre , Mulholland Bridie , Kelly Megan , Davis Warren , Curtis Kate
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The 400 000 residents of the Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD) experienced two distinct lockdowns aimed at mitigating the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Analysing effects of these lockdowns on maternal and neonatal outcomes presents a valuable opportunity to assess the impact of pandemic‐level restrictions on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Aim

Evaluate the impacts of restrictions from two lockdown periods on maternal, birthing, and neonatal outcomes within a regional local health district.

Materials and Methods

The study included 22 166 women who gave birth within ISLHD between 2017 and 2022. Groups included for analysis: Control Group – mothers pregnant before the pandemic (conception before 3 April 2019); Exposure Group 1 – mothers pregnant during the first lockdown (conception date 22 January 2020 to 5 May 2020); and Exposure Group 2 – mothers pregnant during the second lockdown (conception date 30 April 2021 to 13 Sep 2021).

Results

Odds of adverse birthing outcomes including non‐reassuring fetal status (odds ratio (OR) 1.34; 95% CI 1.14–1.56 and OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.03–1.40), and postpartum haemorrhage (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.73–2.41 and OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.48–2.05) were substantially increased in Exposure Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, low birth weight and admission to neonatal intensive care rates improved.

Conclusions

Pregnant women exposed to pandemic restrictions within ISLHD had decreased odds of adverse antenatal and neonatal outcomes, but increased odds of poor peripartum outcomes.
Relationship between microfinance institutions' self‐sustainability and financing sources: Moderating role of external governance
Authors: Ahamad Shamsuddin , Islam Md. Aminul , Yusof Mohd Faizal bin , Al‐Jaifi Hamdan Amer , Ehigiamusoe Kizito Uyi
Published: April 2024

The self‐sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs) is a growing concern as they work as non‐profit organizations to achieve global poverty reduction goals. This study aims to examine the MFIs' self‐sustainability using an efficiency measurement technique based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It also determines the influence of different financing sources on MFIs' self‐sustainability as well as the moderating impact of external governance on this relationship. It uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to analyze the panel data from 661 MFIs in 86 countries during the 2010–2018 period. The DEA analysis reveals that MFIs are still in the intermediate stage of self‐sustainability in terms of technical and cost efficiency. The second‐stage regression results reveal that financing sources such as retained earnings and equity have a robust positive and statistically significant effect on the MFIs' self‐sustainability, implying that MFIs that rely more on these two sources are more likely to be self‐sustainable. The moderation analysis reveals that good governance accelerates the positive effect of financing sources on MFIs' efficiency. Given these empirical findings, MFIs' decision‐makers can benefit from considering their own funding and equity. Quality governance can be ensured by government agencies and regulatory bodies to support the MFIs' sustainability.
Investigating the potential of using reed (Phragmites) arrowshafts in prehistoric Europe through mechanical and experimental research
Authors: Cetwińska Aleksandra , Koczan Grzegorz Marcin , Sadło Maciej , Cetwiński Krzysztof , Skrzyński Grzegorz , Manasterski Dariusz
Published: April 2024

The discovery of a specific form of Late Neolithic object in northeast Poland, commonly interpreted as reed arrowshaft straighteners, prompted investigation into the possible use of reed for archery in the European past. To examine the archery qualities of this raw material, and thus the likely rationale behind the manufacture and use of reed arrowshafts, a number of mechanical and experimental analyses were conducted. The results presented here indicate that reed was well suited for prehistoric archery. This is demonstrated above all by the arrowshaft stiffness required by this discipline, defined as the spine‐force, but also both the technological ease of production of arrows and their ballistic capabilities.
Conservative management in high‐grade renal trauma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prihadi Johannes Cansius , Hengky Antoninus , Lionardi Stevan Kristian
Published: April 2024

Objective

To systematically investigate and analyse the aggregated data from recent studies to provide a quantitative synthesis for a conservative approach to the management of high‐grade kidney trauma, as accumulating evidence supports the favourable outcomes of a conservative approach.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed using databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, to identify studies relevant to high‐grade renal trauma in both adult and paediatric populations. The compare review focused on comparing conservative management interventions, such as observation, rest, resuscitation, transfusion, symptomatic management, and angioembolisation, with operative management interventions. Search strategies incorporated specific medical subject headings and keywords related to conservative management, kidney trauma, mortality, and renal preservation. Random and fixed‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate the rates of nephrectomy and mortality, respectively.

Results

A total of 36 and 29 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. The aggregated data showed a cumulative risk difference of 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.66, P < 0.001), indicating a higher likelihood of nephrectomy in cases where operative management was used instead of conservative management. In terms of mortality, conservative management demonstrated a lower risk difference of 0.09 (95% CI 0.05–0.13, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results indicate that opting for conservative management in cases of high‐grade renal trauma, particularly for haemodynamically stable patients, presents a lower risk of mortality and reduced probability of requiring nephrectomy when compared to operative management. These findings provide strong evidence in favour of considering conservative management as a viable and effective treatment option for high‐grade renal trauma.
Influence of scanning protocol on the accuracy of complete‐arch digital implant scans: An in vitro study
Authors: Hamilton Adam , Negreiros William Matthew , Jain Shruti , Finkelman Matthew , Gallucci German O.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This in‐vitro study assessed the influence of two intraoral scanning (IOS) protocols on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of digital scans performed in edentulous arches.

Methods

Twenty‐two abutment‐level master casts of edentulous arches with at least four implants were scanned repeatedly five times, each with two different scanning protocols. Protocol A (IOS‐A) consisted of scanning the edentulous arch before inserting the implant scan bodies, followed by their insertion and its subsequent digital acquisition. Protocol B (IOS‐B) consisted of scanning the edentulous arch with the scan bodies inserted from the outset. A reference scan from each edentulous cast was obtained using a laboratory scanner. Trueness and precision were calculated using the spatial fit analysis, cross‐arch distance, and virtual Sheffield test. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Statistical significance was set at α = .05.

Results

In the spatial fit test, the precision of average 3D distances was 45 μm (±23 μm) with protocol IOS‐A and 25 μm (±10 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001), and the trueness of average 3D distances was 44 μm (±24 μm) with protocol IOS‐A and 24 μm (±7 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001). Cross‐arch distance precision was 59 μm (±53 μm) for IOS‐A and 41 μm (±43 μm) for IOS‐B (p = .0035), and trueness was 64 μm (±47 μm) for IOS‐A and 50 μm (±40 μm) for IOS‐B (p = .0021). Virtual Sheffield precision was 286 μm (±198 μm) for IOS‐A and 146 μm (±92 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001), and trueness was 228 μm (±171 μm) for IOS‐A and 139 μm (±92 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001).

Conclusions

The IOS‐B protocol demonstrated significantly superior accuracy. Placement of scan bodies before scanning the edentulous arch is recommended to improve the accuracy of complete‐arch intraoral scanning.
Adverse shocks, vulnerability, and coping by rural households in Vietnam
Authors: Vo Thang T.
Published: April 2024

Motivation

Vulnerability to poverty derives from adverse shocks and adaptive capacity. To alleviate poverty, policy‐makers must understand sources of vulnerability, household coping strategies, and the effectiveness of current insurance. Vietnam is an important case due to the many hazards that rural households face and the inadequacy of social safety nets.

Purpose

This article investigates the role of adverse shocks on vulnerability, coping strategies, and recovery of households in rural Vietnam.

Approach and methods

Using a unique panel data set from Vietnam Access to Resources Household Surveys (VARHSs) during 2008–2016, I first estimate and deconstruct sources of vulnerability. To examine household behaviour when coping with adverse shocks, I use a multivariate probit model; to investigate whether coping strategies help households recover from shocks, I use a multinominal probit model. Finally, I evaluate the effectiveness of existing risk‐management mechanisms.

Findings

The average rural household in Vietnam experiences a 72% decrease in utility due to shocks. Idiosyncratic shocks contribute 32% of the loss. Rural households are highly dependent on informal coping, such as reducing food consumption, withdrawing savings, taking children out of school or selling capital assets. Household savings allow the wealthiest households to recover; but for low‐income households, consumption has to be cut, which depletes human capital development and prevents recovery.

Policy implications

Rural Vietnamese need more public support to cope with and recover from shocks. Because idiosyncratic shocks hit households hard, public support should focus on alleviating their impacts. Expanding health insurance to all rural households should be a priority.

Households suffer less in areas with higher levels of economic development, so economic growth is a defence against shocks. More roads and links to towns and more irrigation would help.
Low‐field magnetic resonance imaging of sagittal groove disease of the proximal phalanx in non‐racing sport horses
Authors: Faulkner Josephine E. , Joostens Zoë , Broeckx Bart J. G. , Hauspie Stijn , Mariën Tom , Vanderperren Katrien
Published: April 2024

Background

Injuries of the sagittal groove of the proximal phalanx (P1) in equine athletes are considered to predominantly occur due to chronic bone stress overload.

Objectives

To describe the range of abnormalities that is present in the sagittal groove in a large group of horses diagnosed with sagittal groove disease (SGD) on low‐field MRI.

Study Design

Retrospective, cross‐sectional.

Methods

Medical records were searched to identify initial MRI images of horses diagnosed with SGD and these were blindly evaluated using a semi‐quantitative grading scheme and novel SGD MRI classification system reflecting potential pathways of pathological progression and severity of stress injury.

Results

A total of 132 limbs from 111 horses were included in the study; predominantly warmbloods competing in showjumping (n = 83) and dressage (n = 18). SGD MRI classifications were: 0 (normal, n = 0), 1 (small subchondral defect, n = 2), 2 (osseous densification, n = 28), 3 (subchondral microfissure with osseous densification, n = 7), 4 (bone oedema‐like signal within the subchondral ± trabecular bone and ± subchondral microfissure or demineralisation, n = 72), 5 (incomplete macrofissure/fracture, n = 23) and 6 (complete fracture, n = 0). Classification 4c (bone oedema‐like signal with demineralisation) and 5 had higher proportions in the plantar third of hindlimbs (3% and 10%, respectively) compared with forelimbs (0% and 0%, respectively). SGD classification and extent of bone oedema‐like signal were not significantly different between lame (n = 116) and non‐lame limbs (n = 16) (both p > 0.05). Periosteal new bone and oedema‐like signal were identified (either confidently or suspected) at the dorsoproximal aspect of P1 in 25% and 39% of limbs, respectively.

Main Limitations

Inclusion via diagnoses in original MRI reports, variable clinical history, small size of some classification groups.

Conclusions

The presence or absence of lameness is not a dependable measure of the severity of SGD. The periosteal oedema‐like signal of P1 has not previously been described in MRI of SGD and further supports the concept of bone stress injury.
Silencing or silent transmission? An exploratory study on trauma communication in Kurdish refugee families
Authors: Kevers Ruth , de Smet Sofie , Rober Peter , Rousseau Cécile , De Haene Lucia
Published: April 2024

Trauma communication in refugee families is increasingly recognized as an important relational dynamic influencing psychosocial well‐being, yet studies exploring interactional dynamics and meaning making at play in intra‐family trauma communication remain scarce. This article reports on a qualitative study with Kurdish refugee families including parents (N = 10) and children (N = 17) resettled in Belgium, aiming to explore practices on trauma communication within refugee family relationships. In a multiple‐phased qualitative design, semi‐structured family interviews and participant observation administered in the homes of the participant families are followed by parental interviews involving a tape‐assisted recall procedure to investigate observed intergenerational trauma communication and parent–child interactions. Data analysis shows parents and children seldom explicitly talked about the families' lived experiences of trauma. This silence was especially related to parental wishes to avoid their children's future involvement in violence. However, findings also indicate how the intra‐family transmission of memories of collective violence occurs in many subtle ways. Four modes of indirect trauma communication could be distinguished: (1) focusing on the repetition of violence in the present; (2) transmission of the collective trauma history; (3) family storytelling; and (4) interaction with meaningful objects of the past. These findings shed light onto the interwoven nature of personal–familial and collective trauma and loss and illuminate the meanings of silence and disclosure in the context of the Kurdish diaspora. In the final section, we discuss our findings and outline its clinical implications for family therapeutic practices in refugee trauma care.
Role of mitochondria in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Huang Ruizhen , Zhang Chiyu , Xiang Zhengjie , Lin Tao , Ling Jian , Hu Honglin
Published: April 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) has a high morbidity and mortality, representing a worldwide problem. The kidney is an essential organ of metabolism that has high blood perfusion and is the second most mitochondria‐rich organ after the heart because of the high ATP demands of its essential functions of nutrient reabsorption, acid–base and electrolyte balance, and hemodynamics. Thus, these energy‐intensive cells are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. As the bulk of glomerular ultrafiltrate reabsorption by proximal tubules occurs via active transport, the mitochondria of proximal tubules must be equipped for detecting and responding to fluctuations in energy availability to guarantee efficient basal metabolism. Any insults to mitochondrial quality control mechanisms may lead to biological disruption, blocking the clearance of damaged mitochondria and resulting in morphological change and tissue dysfunction. Extensive research has shown that mitochondria have pivotal roles in acute kidney disease, so in this article, we discuss the role of mitochondria, their dynamics and mitophagy in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Advancements in stress‐based multiaxial fatigue prediction: A data‐driven approach and a new criterion
Authors: Böhme Stephan André , Papuga Jan
Published: April 2024

A highly accurate iteration of the Liu & Zenner multiaxial fatigue criterion is presented and validated against the FatLim dataset. The proposed criterion modifies the mean stress parameters of the original criterion while keeping the amplitude parameters unchanged. The investigation of the best‐performing stress amplitude parameters revealed that existing multiaxial fatigue criteria that rely on dimensional weight parameters exhibit a notable prediction bias. This bias leads to inaccurate fatigue assessments. The paper sheds light on the extent of this bias and its implications for common engineering practices. By introducing the refined criterion, the study addresses these limitations and provides a more reliable framework for multiaxial fatigue analysis. The comprehensive validation against the FatLim dataset demonstrates the superiority of the proposed criterion in accurately predicting fatigue behavior under diverse loading conditions. The findings underscore the significance of considering both amplitude and mean stress parameters in multiaxial fatigue criteria, offering valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy of fatigue assessments in engineering applications.
Learning from survivors: Reporting parties' perspectives on how higher education institutions should address gender‐based violence and harassment
Authors: Bull Anna
Published: April 2024

Tackling gender‐based violence and harassment (GBVH) is an essential step for addressing gender inequality. This article applies theories of student/survivor ‘voice’ to accounts from interviewees (n = 35), analysing their perspectives on how higher education institutions (HEIs) should address this issue. Interviewees were current or former students in the United Kingdom who had disclosed or reported GBVH to their HEIs. The most urgent step that interviewees called for is open discussion of GBVH and how HEIs are handling it. They also want more education, prevention and early intervention, and changes in how reports are handled. These findings are contextualised within a critical discussion of how reporting parties' voices are, or could be, heard within higher education. It argues that institutional mechanisms for hearing survivors' voice in relation to GBVH may need to differ from approaches for engaging with students on other issues, most notably by taking into account how power relations shape voices.
Characterization of serpentinization in olivine‐orthopyroxene‐H2O system revealed by thermogravimetric and multivariate statistical analyses
Authors: Okamoto Atsushi , Tanaka Shuhei , Uno Masaoki , Dandar Otgonbayar , Yoshida Kazuki
Published: April 2024

Thermogravimetric (TG) analyses were used to characterize the products and quantify the extent of serpentinization as a stepwise weight loss during heating (TG loss) or its derivative (DTG). Multivariate analyses are powerful tools for extracting information from complicated spectrum data; however, no studies have applied them to characterize serpentinites. In this study, hydrothermal experiments of olivine‐H2O, olivine–orthopyroxene‐H2O and orthopyroxene‐H2O were conducted at 250–400°C and under vapor‐saturated pressure. The product minerals observed were serpentine+brucite+magnetite in the olivine‐H2O experiments and serpentine±talc in the orthoyroxene‐H2O and olivine‐orthopyroxene‐H2O experiments. These results are consistent with those of previous studies; however, the positions and width of DTG peaks for individual minerals were varied depending on the experimental conditions. To extract systematics from the TG spectra, non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF), an unsupervised machine learning technique, was applied to the DTG spectra of the experimental products. NMF revealed that the DTG profiles were explained by a linear combination of six basis spectra, which corresponded to the characteristic products, including three types of serpentine minerals (low‐, medium‐, and high‐T), two types of brucite (low‐and high‐T), two type of talc (talc+serpentine mixture, well‐crystallized talc) with different crystallinity, and noise during the TG measurement. Systematic changes in the factor loading revealed that, in the olivine‐H2O systems, the products changed from medium‐T serpentine+low‐T brucite to high‐T serpentine+high‐T brucite as serpentinization progressed. In the olivine‐orthopyroxene system, low‐T serpentine or poorly crystallized talc+serpentine mixture was initially formed, followed by the formation of well‐crystallized talc, resulting in dehydration. Applying NMF to DTG showed the mineralogical differences between olivine and orthopyroxene systems and increases of the crystallinity during the progress of serpentinization, suggesting its potential for characterizing various serpentinites within oceanic lithospheres that suffer from several stages of alteration and weathering at different temperatures.
Towards a taxonomy for assessing and classifying the needs of curly hair: A mixed method, ethnographic and quantitative data study
Authors: Daniels Gabriela , Heitmayer Maxi
Published: April 2024

Hair defined as curly has an elliptical cross sectional area and unique 3D form. While the chemical, morphological and mechanical characteristics of such hair are being explored using a range of analytical techniques, hair assembly (head of hair) characteristics and individual behaviour are difficult to determine via tress‐based instrumental and sensory testing. Since the demand for more efficacious and personalized products is expected to gain pace, this project sets the groundwork for developing a taxonomy for exploring and classifying curly hair needs from an individual's perspective. A mixed‐method exploratory sequential design was used to gather information from people with curly hair starting with a novel in the field of cosmetics qualitative research method, Subjective Evidence‐Based Ethnography (SEBE) (n = 14) and followed by an online survey (n = 212). The SEBE data analysis identified four common hair goals (aesthetic, haptic, practical and emotive) and a group of perceptions related to hair management routines. The survey explored the relationship of these hair goals with hair perceptions, hair esteem, hair characteristics and demographic variables. The findings suggest that hair goals and perceptions are stronger predictors of hair esteem than other characteristics such as hair length or curl type. Hence, a taxonomy for classifying curly hair should facilitate the development of more appropriate products, and product testing methods should incorporate such personal information in addition to objective fibre and hair assembly data. The focus of this study is on curly hair due to the lack of established methods for its objective evaluation and the personal challenges faced by people with curly and textured hair; however, the approach could be adopted to include straighter hair types.