bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Proteins of Replication Stress Response and Cell Cycle Control as Cancer Therapy Targets
Authors: Khamidullina Alvina I. , Abramenko Yaroslav E. , Bruter Alexandra V. , Tatarskiy Victor V.
Published: December 2023

Replication stress (RS) is a characteristic state of cancer cells as they tend to exchange precision of replication for fast proliferation and increased genomic instability. To overcome the consequences of improper replication control malignant cells frequently inactivate parts of their DNA damage response (DDR) pathways (the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway), while relying on other pathways which help to maintain replication fork stability (ATR-CHK1). This creates a dependency on the remaining DDR pathways, vulnerability to further destabilization of replication and synthetic lethality of DDR inhibitors with common oncogenic alterations such as mutations of TP53, RB1, ATM, amplifications of MYC, CCNE1 and others. The response to RS is normally limited by coordination of cell cycle, transcription and replication. Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 kinases, which prevent unscheduled mitosis entry, leads to fragility of under-replicated sites. Recent evi-dence also shows that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), such as CDK4/6, CDK2, CDK8/19 and CDK12/13 can contribute to RS through disruption of DNA repair and replication control. Here, we review the main causes of RS in cancers as well as main therapeutic targets – ATR, CHK1, PARP and their inhibitors.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Support and Load Conditions on the Shear Strength of Cfrp Reinforced Concrete Members without Shear Reinforcement
Authors: Bergmann Sarah , Classen Martin , Hegger Josef
Published: December 2023

Most shear tests are performed as standard three- or four-point bending tests, i.e., on one-way simply supported specimens subjected to concentrated loads. The major disadvantage is that these conditions usually do not correspond to the support and load condition of real structures. Structural members such as beams or slabs, are often multi-span components and subjected to distributed loads. As a consequence, the complex shear behavior, including crack kinematics, shear transfer mechanisms, and shear capacity, is studied almost only simply supported members with concentrated load. Positive impacts on the shear behavior resulting from continuous systems and distributed loads are thus neglected in the derivation of calculation models and in the development of design specifications. To incorporate the effect of continuous members and distributed loading conditions, more experimental investigations are necessary. Therefore, a total of 16 bending shear tests on CFRP reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement were carried out. The tests specimens were tested as simply supported beams or as simply supported beams with loaded cantilever to simulate the continuous system with concentrated and distributed loads. Furthermore, the shear slenderness was varied by using different span lengths and degrees of restraint in the systems with intermediate support. All test specimens were made of high-strength concrete and were reinforced with a multilayer grid-like CFRP reinforcement in longitudinal direction. There was no shear reinforcement installed in the investigated shear span. This paper focuses the influence of the support conditions and load arrangements on crack development as well as on shear strength.
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis: The Pathology of the Rapid Progression(crescent Formation) and Associated Mechanisms and Aetiologic Factors
Authors: Mirza Aaisha , Desai Dev , Al-azzawi Hussein
Published: December 2023

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, the term coined for a subtype of nephritic syndrome, is characterized by a state of acute loss of renal function, along with those components of renal damage on urinalysis, over a relatively short period (a few weeks or months). It is the aftermath of an acute, severe glomerular injury. RPGN, famously known as Crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN) is not a single disease entity but a pattern that can occur in a variety of glomerular diseases caused by different pathologic lesions leading to the development of necrosis in the glomerular capillaries seen in both, systemic and kidney-restricted diseases. While still little is known about the exact etiologic cause behind the primary injury to the capillary wall leading to the development of the condition, many mechanisms are put forth to describe the pathogenesis leading to the progression. Immunopathologic studies have demonstrated that rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis can result from glomerular antibody deposition, can be immune complex-mediated, or from some as yet undefined mechanism that doesn’t involve glomerular antibody deposition. The condition is often severe with poor prognosis as it develops so rapidly and with extensive glomerular involvement, the damage is almost irreversible. Many elements can be associated with the occurrence and progression of the disease but it often involves a disruptive immune response one way or the other. RPGN’s morphological hallmark, the extensive extra-capillary cellular proliferation into the bowman’s space, commonly known as crescent formation which is often observed by electron microscopic view of the tissue biopsy, is considered one of the great diagnostic approaches for the detection of the disease. Also, the severity of the disease is related to the nature and type of immunologic process causing the disease and (in part) to the degree of crescent formation, that can only be observed by histopathological studies. This activity attempts to explain the etiology and pathogenesis involved in the development leading to the rapid progression of the disease.
Secondary Sarcopenia and Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Correlations and Health Outcomes
Authors: Gherle Anamaria , Nistor Cseppento Carmen Delia , Iovanovici Diana Carina , Cevei Iulia Ruxandra , Cevei Mariana Lidia , Vasilieva Danche , Deac Stefania , Stoicanescu Dorina
Published: December 2023

Background. Sarcopenia and spinal cord injury (SCI) often coexist, but little is known about the associations of these two pathologies. This study aimed to assess the impact of SCI on muscle and bone mass and the correlations between clinical characteristics of SCI patients and sarcopenia. Methods: 136 patients diagnosed with SCI admitted to rehabilitation hospital were included in the study. The type and severity of injury (AIS), the level of spasticity (MAS), bone mineral density and Appendicular Lean Muscle Mass (ALM) were assessed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the recommended EWGSOP2 cut-off points for ALM. Results: There was a statistically significant association between the ALM value and the gender, 75% of women developing sarcopenia. Among men, 42.9% had sarcopenia. Over 55% of AIS Grades A and B cases had sarcopenia. Mean age of sarcopenic patients was 35.8 years and they had multiple comorbidities. 51.6% of the patients with osteoporosis had sarcopenia. 69.7% of MAS level 0 cases had sarcopenia, while this was diagnosed in about 40% of patients with MAS levels 1-4. Conclusions: Gender, type of injury, presence of multiple comorbidities and age were directly associated with sarcopenia, while surprisingly, spasticity level and the presence of immobilization osteoporosis were not.
Blackening Mechanism of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy Coated Steel Pre-pared by Water Vapor Treatment
Authors: Kim Sang-hee , Kang You-jin , Lee Kyung-hwang , Kang Jun , Lee Myeong-hoon , Yun Yong-sup
Published: December 2023

In the context of high-temperature water vapor treatment, Zn-Mg-Al alloy-coated steel sheets exhibit the emergence of a black surface. This study aims to explore the factors and mechanisms contributing to surface blackening by inducing black surfaces on Zn-Mg-Al alloy-coated steel sheets, which were fabricated through molten coating subjected to water vapor treatment at 150 degrees Celsius. The surfaced composition was predominantly identified as ZnO, a zinc oxide film, validated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological analysis of the surface and cross-section post-water vapor treatment revealed a disrupted lamellar structure with diffused features, resulting in the formation of an oxide film. Optical properties analysis demonstrated an increased absorbance and a decreased bandgap energy after water vapor treatment, indicative of an augmented blackening effect. Consequently, the high-temperature water vapor treatment led to the formation of oxides on the surface, with the highly reactive Mg and Al extracting oxygen from the predominantly present ZnO surface. This process resulted in the creation of an oxygen-deficient oxide, ultimately causing surface blackening.
Crosstalk between G-Quadruplexes and Dnmt3a-Mediated Methylation of c-MYC Oncogene Promoter
Authors: Sergeev Alexander Viacheslavovich , Loiko Andrei Gennadievich , Genatullina Adelya Iskandarovna , Petrov Alexander Sergeevich , Kubareva Elena Aleksandrovna , Dolinnaya Nina Germanovna , Gromova Elizaveta Sergeevna
Published: December 2023

Methylation of cytosines at CpG sites in DNA, carried out by de novo by DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a, is a basic epigenetic modification involved in gene regulation and genome stability. Aberrant CpG methylation in gene promoters leads to oncogenesis. In oncogene promoters, CpG sites often colocalize with guanine-rich sequences capable of folding into G-quadruplexes (G4s). Our in vitro study aimed to investigate how parallel G4s formed by a sequence derived from the c-MYC oncogene promoter region affect the activity of the Dnmt3a catalytic domain (Dnmt3a-CD). For this purpose, we designed synthetic oligonucleotide constructs: c-MYC G4-forming oligonucleotide and linear double-stranded DNA containing an embedded stable extrahelical c-MYC G4. The topology and thermal stability of G4 structures in these DNA models were analyzed by physicochemical techniques. We showed that Dnmt3a-CD specifically binds to an oligonucleotide containing c-MYC G4, resulting in inhibition of its methylation activity. c-MYC G4 formation in a double-stranded context significantly reduce Dnmt3a-CD-induced methylation of a CpG site located in close proximity to the quadruplex structure; this effect depends on the distance between the non-canonical structure and the specific CpG site. One would expect DNA hypomethylation near the G4 structure, while regions distant from this non-canonical form would maintain a regular pattern of high methylation levels. We hypothesize that the G4 structure sequesters the Dnmt3a-CD and impedes its proper binding to B-DNA, resulting in hypomethylation and activation of c-MYC transcription.
Development of neural network-based video preprocessing method to increase the VMAF score relative to source video using distillation
Authors: Solovev Aleksei Valerievich , Antsiferova Anastasia Vsevolodovna , Vatolin Dmitriy Sergeevich , Galaktionov Vladimir Alexandrovich
Published: December 2023

In this work, we consider the problem of creating a video preprocessing method that improves video’s quality score measured by the Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) metric. The paper describes a neural network method for automatic preprocessing of input video, operating in real time. Preprocessing is carried out by a deep neural network based on U-Net architecture. In the course of network training, a trained VMAF approximation is used. The paper describes ways of improving the quality of the final method, namely, adding neural network compression, using SSIM in the loss function, and filtering the training set. The final version of the method increases the VMAF score of the original video by an average of 18% after preprocessing. The developed method demonstrates the flaws of the VMAF quality assessment method that can be used by developers of video processing algorithms to improve the ratings of their methods during automatic comparison carried out using VMAF quality assessment method.
Effectiveness of Orthotic Treatment on Clinical Outcomes of the Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Under Different Wearing Compliance Levels
Authors: Liu Shan , Ho Lok Yi , Hassan Beygi Babak , Wong Man Sang
Published: December 2023

Background:

Wearing spinal orthosis for 16 to 23 hours a day during the teenage years could be challenging and stressful for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The investigation of clinical outcomes under various orthosis-wearing compliances can provide helpful insight into orthotic treatment dosage. This systematic review aims to investigate actual orthosis-wearing compliance and evaluate the effectiveness of orthotic treatment in controlling scoliotic curvature and preventing surgery for patients with AIS under various levels of orthosis-wearing compliance.

Methods:

A literature search of 7 electronic databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, and Embase, was conducted on May 19, 2023. Participant characteristics, orthotic treatment protocols, compliance information, outcome measures, and key findings were extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scales were used to evaluate the quality of included cohort and case-control studies.

Results:

This study systematically reviewed 17 of 1,799 identified studies, including 1,981 subjects. The actual compliance was inconsistent and ranged from 7.0 to 18.8 hours daily. The proportion of compliant subjects in each study varied from 16.0% to 78.6% due to the heterogeneity of calculation period, measurement methods, and orthosis prescription time. Thirteen studies were investigated to determine the effectiveness of orthotic treatment in controlling curve deformity under different compliance groups, and 2 studies compared the compliance under different treatment outcomes. The rate of curve progression, defined as surpassing the measurement error threshold of 5° or 6° after orthotic treatment, varied from 1.8% to 91.7% across the studies. Ten studies defined the treatment failure, surgery, or surgery indication as Cobb angle progressing to a certain degree (e.g., 40°, 45°, or 50°) and reported failure/surgery/surgery indication rates ranging from 0.0% to 91.7% among different compliance level groups.

Conclusion:

This review found that the actual compliance with orthotic treatment was generally lower than the prescribed wearing time and exhibited wide variation among different studies. The electronic compliance monitors show promise in regular orthotic treatment practice. More importantly, the group with higher and consistent compliance has significantly less curve progression and lower surgery or failure rate than the group with lower and inconsistent compliance. Further studies are proposed to investigate the minimal orthosis-wearing compliance in patients with AIS treated with different types of orthoses.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, Systematic Review. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in Isochemical Contact Metamorphism (Case Study of the Kochumdek Aureole, East Siberia)
Authors: Sokol E.V. , Deviatiiarova A.S. , Pyryaev A.N. , Bul’bak T.A. , Tomilenko A.A. , Seretkin Yu.V. , Pekov I.V. , Nekipelova A.V. , Khvorov P.V.
Published: December 2023

––Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions have been determined in (CO3)-groups of Ca carbonate–silicate minerals (spurrite, tilleyite, and scapolite) and calcite from samples of the Kochumdek contact aureole (East Siberia). The observed small δ13C and δ18O difference between the Kochumdek marbles and their protoliths (Δδ13C ≤ 1.5‰ and Δδ18O ≤ 2.0‰) is consistent with moderate high-temperature metamorphic decarbonation of the protolith (0.1–0.2) and with almost absent metasomatic alteration in the aureole. Significant 18O depletion was inferred only for vein scapolite (δ18O from +17.0 to +17.3‰ V-SMOW) and calcite from recrystallized limestone layers (δ18O from +18.9 to +20.6‰), which is evidence for limited infiltration of magmatic aqueous fluids from the cooling sill into the host sediments. The C and O isotope compositions of (CO3)-bearing spurrite and tilleyite show lower 18O depletion and insignificant 13C depletion relative to calcite, especially in highest-temperature merwinite marble (Δδ18OSpu–Cal = +3.3‰; Δδ13CSpu–Cal = –0.8‰). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provided constraints on the relative percentages of H2O and CO2 in the fluid at highest-temperature spurrite-merwinite metamorphism. The fluid phase entrapped in calcite from merwinite marble is rich in CO2(XCO2=0.4−0.6).
Research on Bubble Migration in Pipe Under Gas-Liquid Countercurrent Flow
Authors: Yin Bangtang , Ding Tianbao , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhiyuan , Sun Baojiang , Gao Yonghai , Zhang Jianbo
Published: December 2023

Body text 1 paragraph. Deep/ultra-deep gas reservoirs generally have the characteristics of deep well depth, high temperature and high pressure (maximum temperature > 200 °C, maximum pressure > 190 MPa), multiple fractures, narrow safety density window (the narrowest window < 0.01 g·cm-3), and many layers. During drilling, it is easy to encounter abnormal high pressure formation, and the probability of overflow is high[1]. The conventional circulation killing method circulates the gas in the wellbore out of the wellbore through positive circulation killing or reverse circulation killing. The positive circulation killing fluid is pumped into the annulus by the drill pipe, and the gas in the wellbore is discharged with the killing fluid through the bottom hole, annulus and wellhead. The flow in the annulus is gas-liquid upward flow in the same direction. The reverse circulation killing well is pumped into the drill pipe by the annulus, and the gas in the wellbore is discharged through the bottom hole-drill pipe-wellhead circulation with the killing fluid[2]. Due to the complexity of the formation pressure system in deep wells, the conventional cyclic well killing operation is often used to over-pressure and over-leak, and the leakage and inrush are alternating, which even leads to the risk of blowout out of control and single well scrapping. The conventional cyclic well killing method is not applicable. The pressure-back well killing method can directly pressure the overflow gas containing hydrogen sulfide back to the formation, which is a common well killing method for dealing with the drilling overflow of such gas reservoirs. In the process of killing, the killing fluid flows downward from the wellhead annulus pump, and the invading gas in the wellbore moves upward due to buoyancy. The killing fluid and the invading gas in the wellbore flow in the opposite direction, forming a gas-liquid reverse two-phase flow in the wellbore.

For the problem of bubble migration in gas-liquid two-phase flow, different scholars have carried out many studies in various aspects. Liu[3] carried out visual experiments on the movement behavior of single bubbles in distilled water, tap water and glycerol solution, and studied the rising process and velocity change of bubbles in static liquid phase. Based on experiments and numerical simulations, Xu[4] studied the rising trajectory of a single bubble in viscoelastic fluid and the interaction between two bubbles. Wang et al.[5] studied the fusion process of two coaxial bubbles, and found that the bubbles were easy to break when the surface tension was small, and the bubbles did not fuse when the surface tension was large. Azzopardi et al.[6] experimentally studied the rising law of large bubbles in high viscosity liquid, and established the corresponding velocity model.
Effectiveness and brain mechanism of 40 Hz multitarget transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on motor learning in stroke patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lai Ming-Hui , Yu Xiao-Ming , Lu Yan , Wang Hong-Lin , Fu Wang , Zhou Huan-Xia , Li Yuan-Li , Shan Chun-Lei , Wang Feng , Wang Cong
Published: December 2023

Background:40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has proven to be an effective treatment for improving cognition, a crucial factor in motor learning. However, current studies are predominantly focused on the motor cortex, and the potential brain mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects are still unclear. Given the interconnected nature of motor learning within the brain network, we have proposed a novel approach known as multitarget tACS. This study aims to ascertain whether multitarget tACS is more effective than single-target stimulation in stroke patients and to further explore the potential underlying brain mechanisms by using techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: This study employs a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized controlled trial design with a 2-week intervention period. Both participants and outcome assessors will remain unaware of treatment allocation throughout the study. Thirty-nine stroke patients will be recruited and randomized into three distinct groups, including the sham tACS group (SS group), the single-target tACS group (ST group), and the multitarget tACS group (MT group), at a 1:1:1 ratio. The primary outcomes are series reaction time tests (SRTTs) combined with electroencephalograms (EEGs). The secondary outcomes include motor evoked potential (MEP), central motor conduction time (CMCT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), box and block test (BBT) and blood sample RNA sequencing. The tACS interventions for all three groups will be administered over a 2-week period, with outcome assessments conducted at baseline (T0) and 1 day (T1), 7 days (T2), and 14 days (T3) of the intervention phase.
Discussion: The study’s findings will determine the potential of 40 Hz tACS to improve motor learning in stroke patients. Additionally, it will compare the effectiveness of multitarget and single-target approaches, shedding light on their respective improvement effects. Through the utilization of techniques such as TMS and MRI, the study aims to uncover the underlying brain mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic impact. Furthermore, the intervention has the potential to facilitate motor learning efficiency, thereby contributing to the advancement of future stroke rehabilitation treatment.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300073465. Registered on July 11, 2023.
Circular RNA circE7 Encoded by Human Papillomavirus Facilitates Immune Evasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Epigenetically Downregulating Galectin-9
Authors: Xiong Wei , Ge Junshang , Guo Jiayue , Meng Yi , Chen Pan , Wang Jie , Shi Lei , Wang Dan , Qu Hongke , Wu Pan , Fan Chunmei , Zhang Shanshan , Liao Qianjin , Zhou Ming , Xiang Bo , Wang Fuyan , Gong Zhaojian , Zeng Zhaoyang
Published: December 2023

Immune evasion represents a crucial milestone in the progression of cancer and serves as the theoretical foundation for tumor immunotherapy. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 have shown promising therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings for various tumors. However, a significant proportion of tumor patients fail to benefit from this class of immune checkpoint inhibitors, implying potential involvement of other immune checkpoint molecules in tumor immune escape. In this study, we unveiled a negative association between Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-encoded circular RNA circE7 and the presence of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that circE7 suppressed the function and activity of T cells by downregulating the transcription of LGALS9, which encodes the galectin-9 protein. The unexpected molecular mechanism involved the binding of circE7 to acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), enhancing its dephosphorylation, and thereby activation of ACC1, which resulted in a reduction in the acetylation level of H3K27 in the promoter region of LGALS9 gene and subsequent downregulation of galectin-9 expression. Notably, galectin-9 interacts with immune checkpoint molecules TIM-3 and PD-1 present on T cell surface, triggering T cells to secrete cytotoxic cytokines and hindering T cell apoptosis. In essence, HPV-mediated downregulation of galectin-9 expression through circE7 impairs T cell function and activity, ultimately promoting immune evasion in HNSCC. Importantly, we confirmed that a combination of monoclonal antibodies simultaneously targeting TIM-3 and PD-1 significantly improved the immunotherapeutic efficacy in HNSCC both in vitro and in animal models. Our study unveils a novel mechanism through which HPV promotes immune evasion in HNSCC via circE7-mediated epigenetic modification, offering a new therapeutic strategy for enhanced HNSCC immunotherapy.
NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 Cooperate to Inhibit the Production of Psm ES4326/avrRpt2-Induced Autophagosome via EDS1
Authors: Meng Yixuan , Li Bingcong , Zhou Yue , Zhang Baihong , Chen Wenli
Published: December 2023

Our previous study found that Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326/avrRpt2 may induce autophagy via EDS1, which was inhibited by NPR1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1). In this study, we investigated the roles of EDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility 1), NPR1, NPR3, NPR4 and their potential cooperation in regulating autophagy induced by Psm ES4326/avrRpt2in Arabidopsis. We confirmed the crucial role of EDS1 and its influence on ATGs (autophagy-related genes) and NBR1 (neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1) under normal and Psm ES4326/avrRpt2 infection. Furthermore, we looked into autophagic flux induced by Psm ES4326/avrRpt2 in GFP-ATG8a/Col (Columbia) and GFP-ATG8a/nprs mutants. The number of autophagosomes in GFP-ATG8a/npr34(npr3npr4) was significantly lower than in GFP-ATG8a/Col, while was significantly higher in GFP-ATG8a/npr134 (npr1npr3npr4) under both normal and Psm ES4326/avrRpt2 treatment. Upon the same treatment, the expression level of NBR1 exhibited a decrease in GFP-ATG8a/npr34but an increase in GFP-ATG8a/npr134 compared with GFP-ATG8a/Col. We further found that the expression of EDS1 and RPS4 in npr134mutant was significantly higher than in Col. The above results suggested that Psm ES4326/avrRpt2 may activate RPS4 to induce the generation of autophagosome through EDS1, and NPR1, NPR4, NPR3 together inhibited the formation of autophagosome.
Optimized Dimensioning and Economic Assessment of Decentralized Hybrid Small Wind and PV Power Systems for Residential Buildings
Authors: Brennenstuhl Marcus , Otto Robert , Schembera Björn , Eicker Ursula
Published: December 2023

In Germany, renewable energy sources play a crucial role in electricity generation, with wind and photovoltaic (PV) leading the way. In 2022, large wind turbines contributed 24.1% of the electricity generated, while PV accounted for 10.6%. Contrary, small wind power holds a marginal share of less than 0.01%. This is unfortunate as the decentralized nature of small wind power at low-voltage grid level offers benefits like reducing the need for grid expansion or infrastructure upgrades. Although small wind power currently suits locations with favorable wind potential, changing factors such as rising electricity prices, falling battery storage costs, and growing electrification in heating and transport could create new opportunities. Within this work a residential energy supply system consisting of small wind turbine, PV, heat pump, battery storage, and electric vehicle was dimensioned for different sites in Germany and Canada based on detailed simulation models and genetic algorithms. This was carried out for various economic framework conditions. Results indicate that with electricity purchase costs above 0.42 €/kWh, combined with a 25% reduction in small wind turbine and battery storage investment expenses, economic viability could be significantly enhanced. This might expand the applicability of small wind power to diverse sites.
Wood-based Transparent Luminescent Materials
Authors: Xie Sheng , Wang Shuodong , He Jinzhi , Yin Chunguang , Liu Haohao , Guo Jing , Zhang Yang , Yao Wenhuan , Zeng Zebin
Published: December 2023

Luminescent wood materials are an emerging class of biomass hybrid host materials, owing to the hierarchical porous structure and functionalization versatility. The fluorescence properties are largely dependent on exogenous fluorophores, which are, however, often plagued by notorious aggregation effects. In this work, an efficient strategy for the preparation of luminescent transparent wood materials is developed by incorporating tetraphenylethylene-derived aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active fluorophores during a delignification-backfill transparency process. These wood hybrids showed unexpected luminescence enhancement that significantly increased the fluorescence quantum yield of the fluorophores up to 99%, much higher than that of the fluorophores in other states such as crystalline solids or doped in a polymer substrate. Mechanistic investigations reveal that in-situ polymerization of pre-polymerized methyl methacrylate in delignified microporous wood frames produces high molecular weight ordered PMMA polymers, resulting in a rigid molecular environment that improves the luminescence efficiency of TPE-based fluorophores at the interfaces of PMMA polymer and cell walls. By confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), this excellent fluorescence staining capability was furthermore utilized to visualize the intrinsic porous network of wood in three dimensions over a large volume with sub-micron resolution, thus providing an alternative approach to the study of structure-function relationships in such wood hybrids.
A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing - A Case Report and Literature Review of PAH Emergence at Complete Remission of SLE-PIG
Authors: Liang yufeng , Li Qiu , qiaozhen Liao , Huang Binsan , yongping chen
Published: December 2023

We present an interesting case where severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) developed in a 30-year-old male systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient after achieving complete remission of class V lupus nephritis (LN) complicated with overlooked podocytic infolding glomerulopathy (PIG). Despite rapid renal response to conventional therapy, emergent PAH failed to improve with SLE immunosuppression, suggesting the predominance of pulmonary vascular remodeling over immunological activity in PAH persistence. Notably, glucocorticoid resulted in avascular necrosis without PAH remission. However, belimumab combined with pulmonary vasculature-targeting agents effectively lowered pulmonary pressure. This case highlights that PAH requires ongoing surveillance even after apparent LN/SLE resolution, and directly rectifying vascular changes, rather than immunosuppression alone, is key to optimal PAH control. It also provides clues to potent treatment strategies for this refractory SLE complication. The association between PIG and PAH warrants further research.
Nutritional Intake, Environmental Factors, and Their Impact on Myopia Prevalence in Korean Children Aged 5 to 12 Years
Authors: Kim Jeong-Mee , Choi Yean Jung
Published: December 2023

Myopia is a complex condition influenced by numerous factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Although evidence indicates that certain dietary factors may influence the development of myopia, this relationship is still not completely understood and is a topic of ongoing research. This study analyzed the relationship between dietary habits, environmental factors, and the prevalence of myopia in a sample of 24,345 Korean children aged 5–12 years. The risk of myopia increased with age, especially notable between ages 11 and 12, and was higher in children with both parents having myopia. Dietary factors played a crucial role; children with myopia had significantly lower intake of fat, omega-3 fatty acids, and retinol but higher intake of other nutrients compared to emmetropic and hyperopic counterparts. High consumption of carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, iron, potassium, and sodium was associated with increased myopia risk. High sodium intake was particularly associated with a 2.05-fold increased myopia risk. These findings underscore the complex interplay between diet, environment, and genetic factors in the development of myopia, suggesting the need for holistic approaches in managing children's health and vision.
Prism Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number and its Application
Authors: G ARUNA , J Jesintha Rosline
Published: December 2023

The aim of this work is to study the non-membership function of a Prism Fuzzy Number. The non-membership function in the Prism fuzzy number is essential to reducing the level of uncertainty. In this artifact, we introduce a Prism Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number (PrIFN). The arithmetic operations, (\alpha, \beta) cut set, index of value, imprecision index, and theorems of Prism Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are discussed with pertinent examples and results. There are numerous potential applications for the newly developed idea of a Prism Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number. To confirm and show the feasibility of the suggested method, a new grading technique is defined and an analysis of decision-making is illustrated.
Insights into electron transfer and bifurcation of the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 hydrogenase reductase module
Authors: Lettau Elisabeth , Lorent Christian , Appel Jens , Boehm Marko , Cordero Paul R. F. , Lauterbach Lars
Published: December 2023

The NAD+-reducing soluble [NiFe] hydrogenase (SH) is the key enzyme for production and consumption of molecular hydrogen (H2) in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. In this study, we focused on the reductase module of the SynSH and investigated the structural and functional aspects of its subunits, particularly the so far elusive role of HoxE. We demonstrated the importance of HoxE for enzyme functionality, suggesting a regulatory role in maintaining enzyme activity and electron supply. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed that HoxE and HoxF each contain one [2Fe2S] cluster with an almost identical electronic structure. Structure predictions, alongside experimental evidence of ferredoxin interaction, revealed a remarkable similarity between SynSH and bifurcating hydrogenases, suggesting a related functional mechanism. Our study revealed the subunit arrangement and cofactor composition essential for biological electron transfer. These findings enhance our understanding of NAD+-reducing [NiFe] hydrogenases in terms of their physiological function and structural requirements for biotechnologically relevant modifications.
Robot Motion Planning and Control for Thread Hole Cleaning Tasks
Authors: Cheng Hongtai , Wang Kai , Cheng Xiong
Published: December 2023

Painting is a necessary process for metal surface protection. However, the painting material may accumulate in the thread holes and cause difficulties for future bolt installation. Cleaning the extra paint is necessary for the following assembly task. For industrial robots, cleaning such paint in internally threaded holes is not a trivial task. It requires overcoming challenges related to the accuracy of hole positioning and deviations in the orientation of the threaded holes during the cleaning process, otherwise, the tools may be jammed or the threads may be damaged. This paper aims to analyze the position and force constraints in this process and explore the method to enable robotic automatic thread cleaning. The whole cleaning task is divided into 5 processes: approaching, hole searching, posture tuning, thread cleaning, and retraction. Two spiral search methods are proposed to compensate for the translational and rotational error between the tab and the threaded hole; A force control is introduced to synchronize the rotation and feeding motion; A switched hybrid force/positional controller is proposed to accomplish the cleaning task, which ensures the motion accuracy and compliance. The proposed method has been implemented on an experimental platform, and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed threaded hole cleaning method.
Molecular epidemiology of Small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV) isolates from field outbreaks in Kerala, India based on Fusion (F) and Nucleoprotein (N) gene
Authors: Arun P M , Rajasekhar Ravindran , Ravishankar Chintu , K Sumod , Palekkodan Hamza , Shashank S. , KM Maneesh
Published: December 2023

Small ruminants contribute significantly to the animal husbandry economy. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the major infectious disease of small ruminants caused by Small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus, which cause significant morbidity and mortality in affected population thereby disturb economy of rural poor. The present study describes the molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of SRMV with complete nucleocapsid (N) and Fusion (F) gene sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the SRMV isolates based on the revealed that, all the isolates shared a common ancestor with Tamil Nadu isolate and were grouped under lineage IV. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed that, there are two genetic groups circulating in Kerala and are recently evolved. Analysis of the F protein of SRMV showed two unique mutations (A18E and S430I) in Kerala isolates. Amino acid analysis of nucleoprotein revealed that most of the changes were in the C- terminal region. Four unique mutations were also observed in the Nucleoprotein (NP) of the present SRMV isolates (I153V, A431V, R458M and G461K). Among the 19 B cell epitopes identified on nucleoprotein, at least one amino acid variation was detected in four epitopes. These changes may affect the monoclonal antibody based diagnostic assays. These changes in F and N gene indicates continuous emergence and circulation of new variants of virus within same geographical area. This is the first report of molecular characterization of PPRV isolates based on full N and F gene from Kerala, India.
Investigation of Dopamine formation in fermentation process as a neurotransmitter in a model system and simulated Iranian Lighvan mini cheese containing different cultures
Authors: Kiani Ahmadreza , Soleimanian-Zad Sabihe , Sheikh-Zeinoddin Mahmoud , Mustafa Muhannad Haj
Published: December 2023

The mechanisms of probiotics' impacts on hosts are not yet thoroughly investigated and lacks detailed information on the field of neurotransmitter production in food. While many studies confirmed that certain bacteria have the ability to produce Dopamine in different conditions, there is a lack of comprehensive research on its presence in food. This study aims to explore the degradation of Tyrosine and Tyramine, as well as Dopamine production, by different cultures in a synthetic media and Iranian Lighvan cheese as a proper fermentation media for biogenic amines accumulation. Our findings indicate that Enterococcus faecium strengthen the chance of Tyramine production. Additionally, Dopamine can be found in a media containing Enterococcus faecium. While we suggest that L. plantarum as a probiotic bacteria can significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduce Tyramine levels, leading to Dopamine production in the Tyramine model system, there is no evidence of Dopamine production in cheese during the studied fermentation period and it is proposed that the production of Dopamine is more related to the media and its conditions than the presence of its precursors.
Role of parental involvement, conflict resolution, and perceived social acceptance on bullying tendency among adolescents
Authors: Oyelade Oluwadamilare John , Adebayo Adejumo O.
Published: December 2023

Adolescence is a developmental stage that comprises some basic interactional processes with parents, which can be described as gaining autonomy while maintaining relatedness. Studying how parental involvement, conflict resolution, and perceived social acceptance predict bullying tendency among adolescents is especially important while seeking to understand the challenges of this developmental stage that is characterized by different disruptive behaviours. This study investigated the role of parental involvement, conflict resolution, and perceived social acceptance on bullying tendency among adolescents in secondary school in Egbeda local government, Oyo state, Nigeria. The demographic variable of gender was also considered. The study makes use of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, and Evolutionary Theory by Darwin, among other theories to explain the construct. Standardized questionnaires: The Modified Aggression Scale, Parental Involvement Scale, Conflict Resolution Style Inventory and Perceived Acceptance Scale were used to collect data from 649 adolescents in secondary school in Egbeda local government, Oyo state. A total of 606 questionnaires were completed and analysed using intercorrelation, t-tests and multiple regression (57.4% female and 42.6% male, average age of 16). The study showed a 65.5% prevalence of bullying among adolescent students of selected secondary schools in Egbeda local government, Oyo state. The findings indicated that there is no predictor role of parental involvement in bullying tendency. However, correlational analysis showed that there is a negative relationship between parental involvement and bullying tendency among adolescents. It also finds that conflict resolution dimensions significantly predict bullying tendency among adolescents. Perceived social acceptance does not significantly predict bullying tendency among adolescents. We also found significant gender differences on bullying among adolescents. The findings of this study established that among adolescents, psychosocial factors are significant predictors of bullying behaviours. It is therefore suggested that an intervention program that will include parents, teachers, and professionals such as psychologists, counsellors and social workers that can curb bullying tendencies among adolescents should be established.
Catalytic (mono, bi, and tri-metallic) in-situ hydrothermal liquefaction of water hyacinth
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Reddy Sivamohan N.
Published: December 2023

The hydrothermal liquefaction of mono (Zn), bi-metallic (Fe/Zn, and Cu/Zn), and tri-metallic (Fe/Cu/Zn) impregnated water hyacinth was investigated. The impact of operating parameters like temperature (200-300 °C), residence time (15-45 min), and biomass-to-water ratio (1:3-1:12) was varied to examine the product yields. The Zn-impregnated water hyacinth resulted in a bio-oil yield of 33.2 ± 0.9% and a water-soluble fraction of 45.4 ± 1.4% as Zn has a higher redox reaction with water generating active hydrogens leading to water-soluble organic compounds. The bio-oil samples analyzed by NMR spectroscopy show higher alkanes and alcohol content. FESEM-EDX and TEM analyzed carbon hybrids samples for morphology and an average zinc particle size of 68.6 nm. XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the carbothermal reduction of Zn2+ to zero-valent Zn nanoparticles. The Cu and Fe have been tested to enhance the bio-oil yields and the tri-metallic was the most efficient in enhancing the highest total bio-oil of 37.6 ± 1.1% with the minimum carbon hybrids of 15.6 ± 0.5%.
circRNA circSCAF8 promotes tumor growth and metastasis of gastric cancer by miR-1293/TIMP1signaling
Authors: Peng Yang , Mei Bin , jiajie chen
Published: December 2023

SCAF8 (SR-like CTD-associated factor 8) can regulate transcriptional termination, but the function of circSCAF8 is still unclear. In our study, we found circSCAF8 expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer, especially in gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier curve indicated high circSCAF8 expression group possessed low overall survival time in gastric cancer. Moreover, circSCAF8 shRNA viruses could decrease gastric cancer proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. By using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technology in vivo experiments, we also found circSCAF8 shRNA viruses could inhibit the growth of xenograft tumors and gastric cancer lung metastasis. RIP and circRNA pulldown assays confirmed circSCAF8 could directly bind to miR-1293, but circSCAF8 could not regulate the expression of miR-1293 in gastric cancer. Interestingly, the downstream gene TIMP1 of miR-1293 could be regulated by circSCAF8, and this view was further verified in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-1293 could directly inhibit TIMP1 expression. Subsequently, through rescue experiments, we found TIMP1 overexpression could reverse the effect of circSCAF8 shRNA viruses on gastric cancer. In conclusion, circSCAF8 expression was increased in gastric cancer, and circSCAF8 shRNA viruses could inhibit gastric cancer growth and metastasis by elevating TIMP1 expression via miR-1293.
Metagenomic analysis reveals the effect of revegetation types on the function of soil microorganisms in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the open-cast mining area
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Zhang Hong , Li Junjian , Liu Yong
Published: December 2023

Aims
Vegetation type is one of the most important factors contributing to the changes in soil properties during the rehabilitation process in mining areas. There is still insufficient awareness of the relationship between soil properties and the function of soil microbes in the carbon and nitrogen cycles under different revegetation type influences.
Methods
Seven reclaimed vegetation plots which has been restored for over 30 years in the Pingshuo opencast coal mine, China were established (RP: Robinia pseudoacacia, UP: Ulmus pumila, LG: Larix gmelinii, PC: Populus simonii Carr., PT: Pinus tabuliformis, PA: Picea asperata, and PS: Pinus sylvestris). The soil properties and enzyme activity were detected, while the metagenomic approach was used to analyze the potential mechanisms of soil microorganisms work in carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Results
Total N was obviously highest in the PC habitat (2.347 ± 0.017%), followed by RP (2.188 ± 0.059 %). The major facilitator Superfamily COG0477 and dehydrogenase the COG2133 were significantly enriched in the PR habitat. The acetolactate synthase COG0028 was significantly enriched in RP, followed by LG and PC (P < 0.05). β-glucosidase (EC3.2.1.21) were dominated in soil microbial communities among 7 vegetation types, and significantly richer in RP and LG, followed by PC and PT (P < 0.05). GTs and GHswere significantly richer in UP and LG, respectively.
Conclusion
Robinia pseudoacacia and Larix gmelinii may be good species choice for improving the productivity and stability of the soil ecosystem in mining areas.
Modeling Semiparametric Geographically Weighted Regression Using Linear Model Coregionalization to Specify Variable’s Type
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto , Rahmawati Wahyu Dwi , Jaya Andi Kresna , Heryanto Heryanto
Published: December 2023

Semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) is a regression model that contains two types of variables, namely global and local variability. The grouping of variables in this study utilizes the partial sill (psill) value that obtained from the output of the linear coregionalization model (LMC) resulting from the combination of three variogram functions. This study aims to identify variables that affect poverty in Papua Province in 2020, including literacy rate (LR), life expectancy (LE), school participation rate (SPR), RREB realization, population, per capita income, dependency ratio and labor force participation rate (LFPR). Based on the psill value, LR variable, RREB realization, population, per capita income, and LFPR as global variables while LE, SPR and dependency ratio variables are grouped as local variables. The five global variables have a significant influence on the number of poor people, while of the three local variables, only the dependency ratio has a significant influence in each location and others are not significant in certain locations. The results of the analysis showed that the SGWR1 model with its local variables had a proportion of non-nugget psill above 80% more in accordance with the data owned than the SGWR2 model which included variables with a proportion above 70%. This is indicated by the AICc value of the SGWR1 model of 76.504 while the SGWR2 model is 81.588.