A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN Report on the Physics and Design Concepts for Machine and Detector
Authors: Abelleira Fernandez J L , Adolphsen C , Akay A N , Aksakal H , Albacete J L , Alekhin S , Allport P , Andreev V , Appleby R B , Arikan E , Armesto N , Azuelos G , Bai M , Barber D , Bartels J , Behnke O , Behr J , Belyaev A S , Ben-Zvi I , Bernard N , Bertolucci S , Bettoni S , Biswal S , Blümlein J , Böttcher H , Bogacz A , Bracco C , Brandt G , Braun H , Brodsky S , Brüning O , Bulyak E , Buniatyan A , Burkhardt H , Cakir I T , Cakir O , Calaga R , Cetinkaya V , Ciapala E , Ciftci R , Ciftci A K , Cole B A , Collins J C , Dadoun O , Dainton J , De Roeck A , d'Enterria D , Dudarev A , Eide A , Enberg R , Eroglu E , Eskola K J , Favart L , Fitterer M , Forte S , Gaddi A , Gambino P , García Morales H , Gehrmann T , Gladkikh P , Glasman C , Godbole R , Goddard B , Greenshaw T , Guffanti A , Guzey V , Gwenlan C , Han T , Hao Y , Haug F , Herr W , Hervé A , Holzer B J , Ishitsuka M , Jacquet M , Jeanneret B , Jimenez J M , Jowett J M , Jung H , Karadeniz H , Kayran D , Kilic A , Kimura K , Klein M , Klein U , Kluge T , Kocak F , Korostelev M , Kosmicki A , Kostka P , Kowalski H , Kramer G , Kuchler D , Kuze M , Lappi T , Laycock P , Levichev E , Levonian S , Litvinenko V N , Lombardi A , Maeda J , Marquet C , Mellado B , Mess K H , Milanese A , Moch S , Morozov I I , Muttoni Y , Myers S , Nandi S , Nergiz Z , Newman P R , Omori T , Osborne J , Paoloni E , Papaphilippou Y , Pascaud C , Paukkunen H , Perez E , Pieloni T , Pilicer E , Pire B , Placakyte R , Polini A , Ptitsyn V , Pupkov Y , Radescu V , Raychaudhuri S , Rinolfi L , Rohini R , Rojo J , Russenschuck S , Sahin M , Salgado C A , Sampei K , Sassot R , Sauvan E , Schneekloth U , Schörner-Sadenius T , Schulte D , Senol A , Seryi A , Sievers P , Skrinsky A N , Smith W , Spiesberger H , Stasto A M , Strikman M , Sullivan M , Sultansoy S , Sun Y P , Surrow B , Szymanowski L , Taels P , Tapan I , Tasci T , Tassi E , Ten Kate H , Terron J , Thiesen H , Thompson L , Tokushuku K , Tomás García R , Tommasini D , Trbojevic D , Tsoupas N , Tuckmantel J , Turkoz S , Trinh T N , Tywoniuk K , Unel G , Urakawa J , VanMechelen P , Variola A , Veness R , Vivoli A , Vobly P , Wagner J , Wallny R , Wallon S , Watt G , Weiss C , Wiedemann U A , Wienands U , Willeke F , Xiao B-W , Yakimenko V , Zarnecki A F , Zhang Z , Zimmermann F , Zlebcik R , Zomer F ,   (LHeC Study Group)
Published: July 2012

The physics programme and the design are described
of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics,
the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC),
in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV,
to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with the intense
hadron beams of the LHC. Compared to the first
ep collider, HERA,
the kinematic range covered is extended
by a factor of twenty in the
negative four-momentum squared,
Q2
, and in the inverse Bjorken x,
while with the design luminosity of
1033 cm-2 s-1 the LHeC
is projected to exceed the
integrated HERA luminosity by two orders of magnitude.
The physics programme is devoted to an exploration
of the energy frontier, complementing the LHC and
its discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model
with high precision deep inelastic scattering
measurements. These are designed to
investigate a variety of fundamental questions in strong
and electroweak interactions. The LHeC thus
continues the path of deep inelastic
scattering (DIS) into unknown areas of physics
and kinematics. The physics programme also includes
electron-deuteron and electron-ion
scattering in a (Q
21/x)
range extended by four orders of magnitude
as compared to previous lepton-nucleus DIS experiments
for novel investigations of neutron's and nuclear structure,
the initial conditions of Quark-Gluon Plasma formation
and further quantum chromodynamic phenomena.
The LHeC may be realised either as a ring-ring or as a linac-ring
collider. Optics and beam dynamics
studies are presented for both versions, along with technical design
considerations on the interaction region, magnets including
new dipole prototypes,
cryogenics, RF, and further components.
A design study is also presented of a detector suitable
to perform high precision DIS measurements in a wide
range of acceptance using state-of-the art detector
technology, which is modular and of limited size enabling
its fast installation. The detector includes
tagging devices for electron, photon, proton
and neutron detection near to the beam pipe.
Civil engineering and installation studies are
presented for the accelerator and the detector.
The LHeC can be built within a decade and thus
be operated while the LHC runs in its high-luminosity phase.
It so represents a major opportunity for progress in particle physics
exploiting the investment made in the LHC.