bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimación de las brechas de productividad en el Ecuador del sector de producción de madera y fabricación de productos de madera. Periodo 2012 a 2021
Authors: Vallejo-Carvallo Martín Andrés , Sarmiento-Moscoso Luis Santiago
Published: November 2023

Analizar las diferencias en la productividad ha sido un tema de interés en los últimos años en Ecuador. En donde ha existido un rezago y disparidades evidentes en materia de productividad en comparación con los países más desarrollados. Estas brechas se explican fundamentalmente por las diferencias en la estructura productiva de los territorios. Por ejemplo, la presencia y participación de sectores intensivos en tecnología. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio es examinar las brechas productivas en el sector C16 (producción de madera) de Ecuador. Para lo cual, se estimó la función de producción Cobb Douglas empleando las variables ventas, activo fijo neto e insumos intermedios, utilizando el enfoque GMM-SYS para abordar la simultaneidad y endogeneidad que puedan surgir al analizar los datos. En este sentido se calcularon las brechas productivas del sector, determinando que el factor que más contribuye a los ingresos por ventas de las empresas es el número de empleados, seguido del activo fijo neto y, por último, los insumos intermedios. La productividad de factores revela picos significativos entre los años 2018 y 2021, lo que indica una marcada disminución en la productividad del sector en ese periodo. Los resultados destacan la importancia de aumentar la productividad en empresas, especialmente, en las pequeñas y medianas mediante la aplicación del uso de prácticas de gestión efectivas, la adopción de la tecnología adecuada y acceso a recursos financieros.
Assessing Algorithms Used for Constructing Confidence Ellipses in Multidimensional Scaling Solutions
Authors: Nikitas Panos , Nikita Efthymia
Published: November 2023

This paper assesses algorithms proposed for constructing confidence ellipses in multidimensional scaling (MDS) solutions and proposes a new approach to interpreting these confidence ellipses via hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). It is shown that the most effective algorithm for constructing confidence ellipses involves the generation of simulated distances based on the original multivariate dataset and then the creation of MDS maps that are scaled, reflected, rotated, translated, and finally superimposed. For this algorithm, the stability measure of the average areas tends to zero with increasing sample size n following the power model, An−B, with positive B values ranging from 0.7 to 2 and high R-squared fitting values around 0.99. This algorithm was applied to create confidence ellipses in the MDS plots of squared Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances for continuous and binary data. It was found that plotting confidence ellipses in MDS plots offers a better visualization of the distance map of the populations under study compared to plotting single points. However, the confidence ellipses cannot eliminate the subjective selection of clusters in the MDS plot based simply on the proximity of the MDS points. To overcome this subjective selection, we should quantify the formation of clusters of proximal samples. Thus, in addition to the algorithm assessment, we propose a new approach that estimates all possible cluster probabilities associated with the confidence ellipses by applying HCA using distance matrices derived from these ellipses.
Hybrid Nursing Robot Based on Humanoid Pick-Up Action: Safe Transfers in Living Environments for Lower Limb Disabilities
Authors: Li Jiabao , Wang Chengjun , Deng Hailong
Published: November 2023

This research paper outlines the development of a modular and adjustable transfer care robot aimed at enhancing safe and comfortable transfers for individuals with lower limb disabilities. To design this robot, we utilized a 3D motion capture system to analyze the movements of a person assisting another person and to determine the necessary range of motion and workspace for the robot. Based on this analysis, we developed a 3-UPS + UPR parallel spreader to transfer the person receiving care. We also conducted kinematic and dynamic analyses of the parallel spreader to validate its operational space and to obtain the force change curve for the drive. To evaluate the robot’s performance, we enlisted the help of ten volunteers with varying heights and weights. Our findings indicate that the pressure distribution during transfers remained largely consistent. Additionally, the surveys revealed that those receiving care perceived the robot as being capable of securely and comfortably transferring individuals between different assistive devices. This modular and adaptable transfer assistance robot presents a promising solution to the challenges encountered in caregiving.
Better Land and Nitrogen Complementarity for Green Forage Than for Silage in Barley–Field Bean Intercropping
Authors: Angeletti Francesco Giovanni Salvo , Pampana Silvia , Saia Sergio , Mariotti Marco
Published: November 2023

Biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation in intercrops for forage production under different fertilizations have seldom been assessed and, more occasionally, have been investigated at different stages. The biomass and N contents of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and field bean (Vicia faba L. var minor) grown as sole crops and intercrops, with five N rates from 0 to 200 kg ha−1, both at the heading and early dough stage of the cereal, for green forage and silage purposes, were determined in a two-year field experiment in Central Italy. We discovered differences between the two harvests both in their biomass production and N content as, at the latter stage, they, respectively, increased by 27 and 13%. The sole and intercropped crops showed differences at the two stages, essentially in the response of their inflorescences. N fertilization was more effective at the latter stage, because of the barley’s response to the nutrient availability. However, while nitrogen use efficiency improved with crop ageing, the values of the land equivalent ratio and the nitrogen land equivalent ratio declined; thus, a better complementarity in the use of land and N between the two species seemed to be achieved when the intercrop was grown for green forage purposes.
Effect of Elevated Air Temperature on the Growth and Yield of Paddy Rice
Authors: Oh Dohyeok , Ryu Jae-Hyun , Jeong Hoejeong , Moon Hyun-Dong , Kim Hyunki , Jo Euni , Kim Bo-Kyeong , Choi Subin , Cho Jaeil
Published: November 2023

Rice is one of the major food crops, particularly in Asia. However, it is vulnerable to high temperature and has high yield fluctuations. Monitoring crop growth and physiological responses to high temperatures can help us better understand the agricultural impacts of global warming. The aim of this study is to monitor growth, development, and physiological responses to high temperature conditions on paddy rice and to assess their combined effects on yield. In this study, changes to growth, maturity, and senescence in paddy rice throughout the growing season were identified under elevated air temperature conditions created by a temperature gradient field chamber (TGFC). That facility provides a gradient from the ambient air temperature (AT) to 3 °C above AT (AT + 3 °C). To represent crop physiology and productivity, we measured the plant height, chlorophyll, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) to assess growth and physiological processes, and heat stress effects on four yield measurements were assessed using the heating degree day index. Rice height increased more rapidly in the AT + 3 °C treatment from the early growth stage to heading, while SPAD and NDVI decreased more rapidly at AT after heading. The Amax of AT and AT + 3 °C was not significantly different in the tillering stage. However, it was higher at AT in the booting stage but higher at AT + 3 °C in the grain filling stage. These results indicate that paddy rice was not affected by heat stress at the tillering stage, but a cumulative effect emerged by the booting stage. Further, photosynthetic capacity was maintained much later into the grain filling stage at AT + 3 °C. These results will be useful for understanding the growth and physiological responses of paddy rice to global warming.
Identification of QTLs Conferring Rice Leaf Inclination Angle and Analysis of Candidate Genes
Authors: Luo Yiting , Zhong Qianqian , Yu Dian , Li Xuan , Yin Wenjing , Lian Jinjin , Yang Huimin , Lu Mei , Li Sanfeng , Zhang Weilin , Wang Yuexing , Rao Yuchun
Published: November 2023

The leaf inclination angle is an important agronomic rice trait and an indicator of ideal plant architecture, yield and revenue. Based on 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from crossing of the F1 generation of the indica rice cultivar Huazhan as the male parent and the japonica rice cultivar Nekken2 as the female parent, followed by inbreeding for 12 generations, the leaf inclination angle of the first, second and third leaves from the top of the plants were analyzed. At the same time, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the leaf inclination angle was performed using encrypted genetic maps constructed for this population. A total of 33 QTLs were detected, including two related to the first leaf inclination angle (FLIA), nine related to the second leaf inclination angle (SLIA) (highest Lod value of 5.94), and 22 related to the third leaf inclination angle (TLIA) (highest Lod value of 8.53). At the same time, candidate genes analysis were conducted on the detected QTLs’ intervals, and a total of 15 candidate genes were screened. The expression levels of candidate genes were detected by RT-qPCR, we found that LOC_Os03g46920, LOC_Os03g52630, LOC_Os04g24328, LOC_Os08g25380, LOC_Os09g23200, LOC_Os09g32080, LOC_Os09g35940, LOC_Os09g37330 and LOC_Os09g37495 displayed extremely significant differences in expression between the parents. The results showed that these genes may be the cause of the difference in leaf inclination. The present study provided substantial foundation for the further validation of the function of leaf inclination angle genes and molecular breeding practices.
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in a Case of Chronic Urticaria following Omalizumab Therapy
Authors: Zolezzi Alberto , Gualano Gina , Licata Maria A. , Mosti Silvia , Mencarini Paola , Papagni Roberta , Vulcano Antonella , Cannas Angela , Villanacci Alberta , Albarello Fabrizio , Del Nonno Franca , Colombo Daniele , Palmieri Fabrizio
Published: November 2023

In Italy, tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the last decade has remained constant at under 10 cases/100,000 inhabitants. In the Philippines, TB annual incidence is greater than 500 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Omalizumab is a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. We report the case of a 32-year-old Filipino woman who suffered from chronic urticaria, treated with topic steroids since June 2022 and systemic steroids for 2 weeks. In November 2022, she started omalizumab therapy at a monthly dose of 300 mg; she was not screened for TB infection. In the same month, a left laterocervical lymphadenopathy arose, which worsened in February 2023 (diameter: 3 cm). The patient recovered in April 2023 in INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani” in Rome for suspected TB. Chest CT showed a “tree in bud” pattern at the upper-right pulmonary lobe. The patient tested positive for lymph node biopsy molecular tuberculosis. The patient started standard antituberculosis therapy. She discontinued omalizumab. To our knowledge, this is the second diagnosed TB case during omalizumab treatment, which suggests that attention should be paid to the known risk of TB during biotechnological treatments. Even if current guidelines do not recommend screening for TB before starting anti-IgE therapy, further data should be sought to assess the relationship between omalizumab treatment and active TB. Our experience suggests that screening for TB should be carried out in patients from highly tuberculosis-endemic countries before starting omalizumab therapy.
GPs’ Perspective on a Multimodal Intervention to Enhance Guideline-Adherence in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: A Qualitative Process Evaluation of the Multicentric RedAres Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Schuster Angela , Tigges Paula , Grune Julianna , Kraft Judith , Greser Alexandra , Gágyor Ildikó , Boehme Mandy , Eckmanns Tim , Klingeberg Anja , Maun Andy , Menzel Anja , Schmiemann Guido , Heintze Christoph , Bleidorn Jutta
Published: November 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common reasons patients seeking health care and antibiotics to be prescribed in primary care. However, general practitioners’ (GPs) guideline adherence is low. The RedAres randomised controlled trial aims to increase guideline adherence by implementing a multimodal intervention consisting of four elements: information on current UTI guidelines (1) and regional resistance data (2); feedback regarding prescribing behaviour (3); and benchmarking compared to peers (4). The RedAres process evaluation assesses GPs’ perception of the multimodal intervention and the potential for implementation into routine care. We carried out 19 semi-structured interviews with GPs (intervention arm). All interviews were carried out online and audio recorded. For transcription and analysis, Mayring’s qualitative content analysis was used. Overall, GPs considered the interventions helpful for knowledge gain and confirmation when prescribing. Information material and resistance were used for patient communication and teaching purposes. Feedback was considered to enhance reflection by breaking routines of clinical workup. Implementation into routine practice could be enhanced by integrating feedback loops into patient management systems and conveying targeted information via trusted channels or institutions. The process evaluation of RedAres intervention was considered beneficial by GPs. It confirms the convenience of multimodal interventions to enhance guideline adherence.
Effects of Low-Fish-Meal Diet Supplemented with Coenzyme Q10 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Morphology, Immunity and Hypoxic Resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Liu Yantao , Zhuang Zhenxiao , Liao Zhihong , Yao Rong , Chen Mengdie , Wei Hanlin , Zhao Wei , Niu Jin
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-fish-meal diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 on the growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal health and hypoxic resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. L.vannamei with an initial weight of 0.66 g were fed with the experimental diets for 56 days. Diets D1 (20% FM level) and D2–D7 (15% FM level), supplemented with 0%, 0.002%, 0.004%, 0.006%, 0.008% and 0.01% coenzyme Q10 were formulated. In terms of growth performance, the weight gain and specific growth rate in the D2 diet were significantly lower than those in the D1 diet (p < 0.05). The final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in the D2–D7 diets had an upward trend, and the condition factor in the D2–D7 diets was lower than those in the D1 diet (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the crude protein and crude lipid levels in the whole body among all diet treatments (p > 0.05). In terms of hepatopancreas antioxidant parameters, the D5 and D6 diets significantly promoted the total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activity, and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). The expression levels of cat, mnsod and gpx in shrimp fed with the D5 and D6 diets were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed with the D2 diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA level of ProPO was increased in the D4 and D5 diets, and LZM expression was increased in the D6 diet compared with the D1 diet (p < 0.05). The villus height of shrimp fed with diets supplemented with coenzyme Q10 was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the intestinal thickness and submucosal thickness of shrimp fed with the D6 diet were the highest (p < 0.05). After acute hypoxia stress, lethal dose 50 time in the D3–D7 diets was significantly increased compared with the D1 and D2 diets (p < 0.05), and the highest value was found in the D4 diet (p < 0.05). After stress, the expression levels of TLR pathway-related genes (Toll, Myd88, Pelle, TRAF6 and Dorsal) in the D4 and D6 diets were significantly increased compared with the D2 diet. In general, Litopenaeus vannamei fed with the D6 diet achieved the best growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal morphology among all low FM diets and D4–D6 diets improved hypoxic resistance.
Behavior of Two-Chord Steel–Concrete Composite Columns under Axial Compression
Authors: Kovač-Striko Josip , Landović Aleksandar , Čeh Arpad , Bešević Miroslav
Published: November 2023

Experimental and numerical research on axially compressed columns made from built-up two-chord concrete-filled steel tubes (TCCFSTs) is presented in this study. The columns were constructed from two parallel circular high-strength steel tubes connected by five batten tubes. The chord tubes were filled with high-strength concrete. The yield stress of the steel used was 600 MPa, while the cylinder compressive strength of the concrete was 95 MPa. Hollow specimens were also tested to serve as a control group. An experimental analysis investigated the influence of the compressive strength of the concrete fill on the load-bearing capacity of the column and the influence of the concrete fill on the slenderness of the column. The behavior under load, stress and strain development, and the failure modes of the specimens were also analyzed. The results of the tests showed that all parts of the built-up column participated in the load-bearing process. The load-bearing capacity of the hollow two-chord columns was improved by around 1.74 times, and the slenderness increased by 16% with the concrete infill. The columns filled with concrete exhibited almost linear behavior with a higher ultimate strength and stiffness than the hollow built-up steel columns. Furthermore, the application of three calculation codes to forecast the capacity of the TCCFST columns was evaluated. Additionally, finite element method (FEM) modeling was used to investigate the stresses, strains, deformations, and ultimate capacity of the TCCFST column models loaded with axial compressive force. The FEM model showed good predictions of strength, stresses, deformations, and buckling.
Study on the Aging Behavior of Asphalt Binder Exposed to Different Environmental Factors
Authors: Song Shanglin , Wang Linbing , Fu Chunping , Guo Meng , Jiang Xiaoqiang , Liang Meichen , Yan Luchun
Published: November 2023

Accelerated aging methods commonly used in laboratories struggle to replicate the outdoor aging process of asphalt binder. The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of different environmental factors on the aging of asphalt binder and recreate the exposure process of asphalt binder. To achieve the study’s objectives, the asphalt binder was subjected to various environmental conditions through different aging modes. Three exposure modes (all environmental factors, the effects of light, temperature, oxygen, the effects of temperature, oxygen, and others) were established to assess the impact of various environmental factors on asphalt binder aging behavior. This mode was labeled O+UV-aging, earning it the name O-aging. The aging behaviors were assessed across multiple dimensions, considering apparent morphology, rheological properties, and chemical composition. The study’s findings highlight that factors such as ultraviolet radiation are primarily responsible for the formation of micro-cracks and increased surface roughness in aged asphalt binder. Ultraviolet radiation significantly affected the aging of asphalt binder during outdoor exposure. SBS modifiers increased the risk of fatigue cracking in the virgin asphalt binder but enhanced its aging resistance. After All-aging, the G-R parameter increase of virgin asphalt binder was 2.6 times that of SBS-modified asphalt binder. Throughout the exposure process, the broken molecular chains and the original molecular chains in the asphalt binder underwent polymerization reactions, resulting in longer carbon chains and cycloalkane aromatization. It was discovered that exposure showed less effect on the characteristic functional groups of SBS-modified binder than on virgin binder. After All-aging, the carbonyl index of SBS-modified asphalt binder was 56.4% higher than that of virgin asphalt binder.
Effect of Thermal via Design on Heat Dissipation of High-Lead QFN Packages Mounted on PCB
Authors: Yuan Ziyi , Ding Dongyan , Zhang Wenlong
Published: November 2023

The quad flat no-lead package (QFN) is widely used in integrated circuits due to its advantages in performance and cost. With the increasing power of electronic products, effective heat dissipation from QFN packages has become crucial to prevent product damage. The focus of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of QFN packages soldered onto printed circuit boards (PCB) by finite element analysis (FEA). Conventional QFN, dual-row QFN, and high-lead QFN packages were modeled and compared by ANSYSY software. The effect of thermal via design (the distance, number, distribution, diameter, and thickness of thermal vias) on the QFN package was investigated. The study revealed that the high-lead QFN package consistently demonstrated superior heat dissipation performance than the other two under different conditions. Placing thermal vias closer to the heat source enhances heat dissipation efficiency. Thermal vias positioned beneath the thermal pad were particularly effective. Increasing thermal via quantity and diameter improved heat dissipation, with square distribution layouts showing advantages. However, excessive copper plating thickness can increase thermal resistance and hinder heat dissipation.
The Active Roof Supporting Technique of a Double-Layer Flexible and Thick Anchorage for Deep Withdrawal Roadway under Strong Mining Disturbance
Authors: Han Changliang , Yuan Yuxin , Ding Guoli , Li Wenjie , Yang Haoxing , Han Gang
Published: November 2023

Due to the strong disturbance of a mining face, the surrounding rock of the withdrawal roadway is susceptible to deformation and failure, which restricts the safe and efficient evacuation of mining equipment. To resolve this longstanding technical problem in mine production, an engineering investigation, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and other research methodologies were conducted in this study. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of mining-induced stress on the withdrawal roadway was revealed, the anti-disturbance principles of thick-layer anchorage of roadway roofs were elucidated, and a novel double-layer flexible support technique was proposed. The front abutment pressure, stress superposition, damage accumulation of the surrounding rock, and the fluctuation of mining-induced stress are the primary factors contributing to the significant deformation of the surrounding rock in a withdrawal roadway. However, the fluctuation of mining-induced stress has usually been ignored in previous studies, and it may be the most crucial cause of the significant deformation and instability of the surrounding rock. The thickness of the anchored rock beam is the most vital factor affecting the maximum subsidence and maximum tensile stress of the roof, and increasing the thickness of the anchored rock beam can significantly improve the stability and anti-disturbance performance of the roof. In the proposed double-layer flexible supporting technique, flexible steel strands serve as the carrier, which overcomes the constraint of the roadway height on the length of roof support components. The first layer of flexible support is used to construct a thick fundamental anchorage layer, while the second layer is employed to construct a thicker reinforced anchorage layer, facilitating the effective resistance of the roof against strong mining disturbances. The effectiveness of this technique was further validated through the application of an engineering practice. The research results have reference value for solving the difficult problem of mining roadway support.
Special Issue Editorial: Hydroclimate in a Changing World: Recent Trends, Current Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Liu Haibo
Published: November 2023

The sixth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has confirmed that human-induced climate change is already affecting many weather and climate extremes in every region across the globe [...]
Design and Verification of Assessment Tool of Shortwave Communication Interference Impact Area
Authors: He Guojin , Ji Shengyun , Wu Rongjun , Yu Qiao , Liu Yanan , Shi Yafei , Li Na
Published: November 2023

In the field of electronic communication warfare, accurately predicting the range and intensity of shortwave interference signals presents a significant challenge due to the complex interplay between the ionospheric parameters and the electromagnetic environment. To address this challenge, we designed a novel tool to assess the interference impact area of shortwave interference signals in a dynamically changing ionospheric environment. Considering sophisticated ionospheric radio wave propagation models and innovative spatial grid methods, this tool finishes the comprehensive spatial distribution of the interference impact area and delivers grid-based insights into the interference intensity. Furthermore, the test verification of the tool demonstrated a mean error of 8.42 dB between the measured and simulated results, underscoring the efficacy and reliability of this tool. This pioneering work is poised to make substantial contributions to the field of communication electronic warfare and holds significant promise for guiding the development of interference countermeasures.
General Fractional Calculus Operators of Distributed Order
Authors: Al-Refai Mohammed , Luchko Yuri
Published: November 2023

In this paper, two types of general fractional derivatives of distributed order and a corresponding fractional integral of distributed type are defined, and their basic properties are investigated. The general fractional derivatives of distributed order are constructed for a special class of one-parametric Sonin kernels with power law singularities at the origin. The conventional fractional derivatives of distributed order based on the Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives are particular cases of the general fractional derivatives of distributed order introduced in this paper.
Ranking Alternatives Using a Fuzzy Preference Relation-Based Fuzzy VIKOR Method
Authors: Le Hanh-Thao , Chu Ta-Chung
Published: November 2023

The process of evaluating and ranking alternatives, including the aggregation of various qualitative and quantitative criteria and weights of criteria, can be recognized as a fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In fuzzy MCDM problems, qualitative criteria and criteria weights are usually indicated in linguistic values expressed in terms of fuzzy numbers, and values under quantitative criteria are usually crisp numbers. How to properly aggregate them for evaluating and selecting alternatives has been an important research issue. To help decision-makers make the most suitable selection, this paper proposes a fuzzy preference relation-based fuzzy VIKOR method. VIKOR is a compromise ranking method to solve discrete MCDM problems in complex systems. In this study, the F-preference relation is applied to compare fuzzy numbers with their means to produce a single index of a dominance level while still maintaining fuzzy meaning of the original linguistic values. The inverse function is applied to obtain the defuzzification values of Beta 1–4 to assist in the completion of the proposed method, and formulas can be clearly derived to facilitate the ranking procedure. Introducing fuzzy preference relation into fuzzy VIKOR can simplify the calculation procedure for more efficient decision-making. The proposed method is new and has never been seen before. A numerical example and a comparison of the proposed method are conducted to show and verify its expedience and advantage.
Methods for Engineering Binders to Multi-Pass Membrane Proteins
Authors: Thomas Benjamin , Chockalingam Karuppiah , Chen Zhilei
Published: November 2023

Numerous potential drug targets, including G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channel proteins, reside on the cell surface as multi-pass membrane proteins. Unfortunately, despite advances in engineering technologies, engineering biologics against multi-pass membrane proteins remains a formidable task. In this review, we focus on the different methods used to prepare/present multi-pass transmembrane proteins for engineering target-specific biologics such as antibodies, nanobodies and synthetic scaffold proteins. The engineered biologics exhibit high specificity and affinity, and have broad applications as therapeutics, probes for cell staining and chaperones for promoting protein crystallization. We primarily cover publications on this topic from the past 10 years, with a focus on the different formats of multi-pass transmembrane proteins. Finally, the remaining challenges facing this field and new technologies developed to overcome a number of obstacles are discussed.
Self-Regulation of Attention in Children in a Virtual Classroom Environment: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Guedj Carole , Tyrand Rémi , Badier Emmanuel , Planchamp Lou , Stringer Madison , Zimmermann Myriam Ophelia , Férat Victor , Ha-Vinh Leuchter Russia , Grouiller Frédéric
Published: November 2023

Attention is a crucial cognitive function that enables us to selectively focus on relevant information from the surrounding world to achieve our goals. Impairments in sustained attention pose challenges, particularly in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impulsive and inattentive behavior. While psychostimulant medications are the most effective ADHD treatment, they often yield unwanted side effects, making it crucial to explore non-pharmacological treatments. We propose a groundbreaking protocol that combines electroencephalography-based neurofeedback with virtual reality (VR) as an innovative approach to address attention deficits. By integrating a virtual classroom environment, we aim to enhance the transferability of attentional control skills while simultaneously increasing motivation and interest among children. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of this approach through an initial assessment involving a small group of healthy children, showcasing its potential for future evaluation in ADHD children. Preliminary results indicate high engagement and positive feedback. Pre- and post-protocol assessments via EEG and fMRI recordings suggest changes in attentional function. Further validation is required, but this protocol is a significant advancement in neurofeedback therapy for ADHD. The integration of EEG-NFB and VR presents a novel avenue for enhancing attentional control and addressing behavioral challenges in children with ADHD.
Expression and Immune Characterization of Major Histocompatibility Complex in Paralichthys olivaceus after Antigen Stimulation
Authors: Xing Jing , An Zhaoxia , Tang Xiaoqian , Sheng Xiuzhen , Chi Heng , Zhan Wenbin
Published: November 2023

The Major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) is an important molecule for antigen presenting and binds to T cell receptors, activating T lymphocytes and triggering specific immune responses. To investigate the role of MhcII in adaptive immunity, in this study, mhcIIα and mhcIIβ of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were cloned, polyclonal antibodies (Abs) against their extracellular regions were produced, respectively, and their distribution on cells and tissues and expression patterns, which varied by antigen stimulation or pathogen infection, were investigated. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of mhcIIα is 708 bp, including 235 amino acids (aa); and the ORF of mhcIIβ is 741 bp, encoding 246aa. The mhcIIα and mhcIIβ were significantly expressed in gills, spleen, and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Their antibodies could specifically recognize eukaryotic expressed MhcIIα and MhcIIβ. MhcIIα+ and MhcIIβ+ cells were 30.2 ± 2.9% of the percentage in peripheral blood leukocytes. MhcII molecules were co-localized with CD83 and IgM on leukocytes, respectively, but not on CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations. The expression of both mhcIIα and mhcIIβ were significantly upregulated in flounder after bacteria and virus challenges. The percentages of MhcII+ cells, MhcII+/CD83+, and MhcII+/IgM+ double-positive cells increased significantly after PHA and ConA stimulation, respectively; they varied significantly in PBLs after polyI:C stimulation, and no variations were found after LPS treatment. In the meantime, variations in MhcII+ cells were consistent with that of CD4+ T lymphocytes. These results suggest that MhcII, mainly expressed in B cells and dendritic cells, play an essential role in antigen presentation, and respond significantly to exogenous antigens and T cell-dependent antigens. These results may provide an important reference for the study of cellular immunity in teleosts.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Stress and Depressive Disorders through the Gut–Brain Axis
Authors: Liwinski Timur , Lang Undine E. , Brühl Annette B. , Schneider Else
Published: November 2023

Research conducted on individuals with depression reveals that major depressive disorders (MDDs) coincide with diminished levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, as well as modifications in the subunit composition of the primary receptors (GABAA receptors) responsible for mediating GABAergic inhibition. Furthermore, there is substantial evidence supporting the significant role of GABA in regulating stress within the brain, which is a pivotal vulnerability factor in mood disorders. GABA is readily available and approved as a food supplement in many countries. Although there is substantial evidence indicating that orally ingested GABA may affect GABA receptors in peripheral tissues, there is comparatively less evidence supporting its direct action within the brain. Emerging evidence highlights that oral GABA intake may exert beneficial effects on the brain and psyche through the gut–brain axis. While GABA enjoys wide consumer acceptance in Eastern Asian markets, with many consumers reporting favorable effects on stress regulation, mood, and sleep, rigorous independent research is still largely lacking. Basic research, coupled with initial clinical findings, makes GABA an intriguing neuro-nutritional compound deserving of clinical studies in individuals with depression and other psychological problems.
A Comparison of Neuropsychological Outcomes following Responsive Neurostimulation and Anterior Temporal Lobectomy in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: O’Donnell Carly M. , Anderson Christopher Todd , Oleksy Anthony J. , Swanson Sara J.
Published: November 2023

Neuropsychological outcomes following temporal lobe resection for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) are well established. For instance, left anterior temporal lobectomy (LATL) is associated with a greater risk for cognitive morbidity compared to right (RATL). However, the impact of neuromodulatory devices, specifically responsive neurostimulation (RNS), remains an area of active interest. There are currently no head-to-head comparisons of neuropsychological outcomes after surgical resection and neuromodulation. This study reports on a cohort of 21 DRE patients with the RNS System who received comprehensive pre- and post-implantation neuropsychological testing. We compared both cognitive and seizure outcomes in the RNS group to those of 307 DRE patients who underwent LATL (n = 138) or RATL (n = 169). RNS patients had higher seizure rates pre-intervention. While fewer in the RNS group achieved Class I Engel outcomes compared to the ATL cohorts, RNS patients also showed seizure frequency declines from pre- to post-intervention that were similar to those who underwent resective surgery. Moreover, the RNS and RATL groups were similar in their neuropsychological outcomes, showing no significant cognitive decline post-intervention. In contrast, the LATL group notably declined in object naming and verbal list learning. Direct comparisons like this study may be used to guide clinicians in shared decision making to tailor management plans for patients’ overall treatment goals.
The Application of Extended Reality Technology in Architectural Design Education: A Review
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Ma Qingsong , Wei Xindong
Published: November 2023

With the emergence of Architecture 4.0 and the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, extended reality (XR) technology has been increasingly applied in architectural education. This study aims to systematically organize and analyze the applications and outcomes of XR technology in construction education over the past five years, provide a theoretical framework for its future widespread use, and highlight its drawbacks as well as future research directions. The paper employs content analysis to summarize and analyze the findings. The report reveals that more institutions are integrating XR technology into their architectural education programs and that it has a significant impact on teacher effectiveness, student motivation, reflection and improvement, and teacher–student communication. The study suggests that XR technology will increasingly replace conventional teaching techniques in classrooms.
Experimental Investigations of the Bond Behavior between Carbon Rebars and Concrete in Germany
Authors: Schumann Alexander , May Sebastian , May Maximilian , Schütze Elisabeth , Schladitz Frank , Ehlig Daniel
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we address the relatively underexplored topic of the bond behavior between various carbon rebars and high-strength concrete. This research aims to bridge the knowledge gap in understanding how different manufacturing processes and surface profiles of carbon fiber rods influence their bond strength with concrete. Through experimental bond tests comparing different carbon fiber rebars with varied surface profiles and manufacturing methods, we observed that the achievable bond stresses are significantly influenced by these factors. One carbon rebar variant was selected based on preliminary investigations for detailed analysis. Extensive investigations were conducted on the preferred carbon rebar. Factors such as concrete strength, bond length, and testing speed were experimentally explored. The results not only corroborate many findings from traditional reinforced concrete construction but also reveal new phenomena unique to carbon rebars. These insights are crucial for advancing the application of carbon rebars in modern construction, offering a potential solution to challenges faced in conventional concrete construction.
Identification of Occupant Dissatisfaction Factors in Newly Constructed Apartments: Text Mining and Semantic Network Analysis
Authors: Noh Seok-Ho , Jo Inho , Han SangHyeok , Moon Sungkon , Kim Jae-Jun
Published: November 2023

With apartment buildings representing a rapidly growing share of the residential market in South Korea, the effect of construction defects throughout the life cycle of construction projects, and particularly during the occupancy stage, has emerged as a significant social issue that may ultimately lead to an increase in defect disputes between new occupants and general contractors. An important step toward mitigating the likelihood of these defect disputes is to identify and address the factors that give rise to occupant dissatisfaction during the defect repair process. However, a reliable method by which to identify these factors has yet to be developed. In this respect, the main objective of the research presented in this paper is to develop a method for identifying occupant dissatisfaction factors in the construction defect repair stage. The developed method comprises the following procedures: (i) text pre-processing, which involves data cleaning, normalization, tokenization, morphological analysis, and removal of stopwords; (ii) term frequency–inverse document frequency for keyword extraction; and (iii) semantic network analysis to recognize relationships between words. The method was implemented using a dataset of 12,874 comments in Korean text format obtained from apartment building occupants. Based on the processing and analysis of this dataset, the occupant dissatisfaction factors were found to be: (i) inaccurate and inadequate repair work (represented by such keywords as “Repair”, “Visit”, and “Accuracy”); (ii) failure to keep promises (e.g., “Fulfillment”, “Promise”, and “Change”); and (iii) unprofessional conduct on the part of representatives in the repair service center (e.g., “Response”, “Attitude”, and “Receipt”).
Thermal Performance Analysis of Windows, Based on Argon Gas Percentages between Window Glasses
Authors: Cho Kyungjoo , Cho Dongwoo , Koo Bokyoung , Yun Yosun
Published: November 2023

Windows in new buildings in Korea are equipped with double or triple glazing, a low-E coating, and gas injection between the panes of glass, in accordance with the regulations for the reinforced insulation of windows. However, these windows have certain issues, such as thermal transmittance variations and injected gas leakage. In this study, we investigated the current status of double-glazed windows filled with argon gas and analyzed the actual deterioration degree in terms of insulation performance via field experiments and simulations. Accordingly, we manufactured a 26-millimeter low-E double-glazed window test specimen and conducted tests in accordance with the KS F 2278 standard. The test results indicated that the thermal performance decreased by 10.9% when the argon gas filling rate was reduced from 95% to 0%. The simulation results showed that the thermal performance of windows that were insulated using only glazing decreased by 22.6% with the decrease in the argon gas filling rate; the thermal performance of the double-glazed windows also decreased by 13.6%. A comprehensive analysis of the field surveys and simulations predicted a 92% probability that the argon gas filling rate of double-glazed windows would be below 65% by two years after completion, in addition to a ~4.3% decrease in thermal performance.
Comparison of Fragility Sets to Assess the Effectiveness of Retrofit Interventions on Masonry Buildings in Italy
Authors: Follador Veronica , Carpanese Pietro , Donà Marco , Alfano Sara , Cattari Serena , Lagomarsino Sergio , da Porto Francesca
Published: November 2023

Seismic events that have occurred in Italy in recent decades have shown the significant vulnerability of the Italian building stock. In particular, residential masonry buildings have suffered serious damage, highlighting the need to plan effective mitigation strategies as soon as possible. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of possible retrofit interventions for masonry buildings. Fragility curves of macro-classes of residential masonry buildings have been developed in both as-built and retrofitted conditions within the DPC-ReLUIS agreement (Department of Civil Protection—Network of University Laboratories for Earthquake Engineering). In particular, three sets of fragility curves, developed by the University of Padova (UniPD) and the University of Genova (UniGEa and UniGEb) are discussed and compared herein. The three models show similar estimates of the expected structural improvements for the examined retrofit interventions when applied to the building macro-classes, although some differences, due to the different analysis approaches, can be observed.
Developing a Practical Thermal Performance Index for Radiant Terminals—Structural Thermal Resistance
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Wang Dandan , Liu Yunliang , Luo Maohui , Hooshmand Seyed Mohammad , Wagner Andreas
Published: November 2023

Radiant terminals have been widely applied in heating and cooling systems. However, few existing thermal performance evaluation indices can reflect the influence of structural forms on heat transfer performance. This study introduces the structural thermal resistance (Rs) to rapidly evaluate the structure form’s effects. First, theoretical analysis and experimental tests were introduced. Three types of terminals, including the copper conduit graphite plate (CCGP), plastic tube-embedded metal plate (PTMP), and capillary network-embedded structural plate (CNSP) were tested in the laboratory. Then, the CNSP terminals were taken as validation examples. The results show that the Rs values of the same type of radiant terminal tend to be stable and constant. The variations in Rs within the same type of radiant terminals were small both under cooling and heating conditions. Only when the terminal structure changed, the Rs would change. This suggests that the Rs can reflect the complex heat transfer processes inside the radiant terminals while distinguishing different terminal types. The validation analysis showed an average relative error of 3.4% and 2.9% for cooling and heating, respectively. Lastly, the potential application of Rs in practical applications was discussed, and a Python-based online tool was developed to help design, operate, and evaluate radiant terminals.
Bifunctional Hybrid FTS Catalyst Mixed with SAPO-34 Zeolite for Application in the GTL-FPSO Process
Authors: Kim Hyun , Song Hyun-tae , Seo Jeong , Choi Ye-na , Lee Kwan-Young , Moon Dong
Published: November 2023

The gas-to-liquid (GTL) process is a catalytic technology for achieving carbon neutrality during fuel production. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), a core step in this process, converts synthesis gas (CO + H2) to high-value hydrocarbon products. This study synthesized a chabazite-shaped zeolite and a Co/γ-alumina catalyst by using conventional hydrothermal and wet impregnation methods, respectively. Hybrid FTS catalysts were then prepared by mixing the Co/γ-alumina catalyst with supports, including the synthesized and commercial zeolites alone and mixed at various ratios. The effects of these zeolites on the FTS conversion and selectivity were investigated. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the supports and prepared catalysts were analyzed. The bifunctional hybrid catalyst performance was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor, and the FTS products were analyzed using online and offline gas chromatography. The hybrid catalysts produced lighter hydrocarbons than the Co/γ-alumina catalyst alone. Meanwhile, heavy hydrocarbons produced over the Co/γ-alumina catalyst were hydrocracked at the acid sites of the silicoaluminophosphate zeolite (SAPO-34) to yield lighter, fuel-range hydrocarbons. Cobalt-based hybrid FTS catalysts were also investigated to determine the optimum support ratio for high carbon conversion and C5+ selectivity. The hybrid catalyst supported on SAPO-34:ZSM-5 (2:8) exhibited the highest CO conversion and favorable C5+ selectivity.