bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEACHING PSYCHOLOGY AT SCHOOL AS A MEANS OF FORMING AN ARBITRARY FORM OF SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG TEENAGERS
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow), Stepnova L.A. , Kostyuk Yu.A. ,   Moscow Cadet’s School “Boarding School of Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation” (Moscow), Mikityuk N.V. ,   Anapa Branch, Moscow Pedagogical State University (Anapa), Pryadko L.A. ,   Anapa Branch, Moscow Pedagogical State University (Anapa)
Published: November 2020

Statement of the problem. The authors analyze the problem of forming an arbitrary form of self-consciousness among teenagers in the process of mastering psychology as a school discipline. The purpose of the article is to develop a concept of teaching psychology at school based on the theory of L.S. Vygotsky about the stages of development of mental functions. The research methodology is based on the cultural and historical theory by L.S. Vygotsky, on the analysis and synthesis of research works by international and Russian scientists on the problems of personal development, in particular, self-consciousness, recognized by the scientific community, as well as the experience of teaching psychology at school. Research results. Based on the cultural and historical theory by L.S. Vygotsky about the development of higher mental functions, the authors suggested and theoretically showed that teaching psychology at school can contribute to the formation of an arbitrary form of self-consciousness among adolescents. Self-coaching, as a form of internal self-communication, is a psychological means of developing self-awareness. Based on this, the preparation of psychology teaching programs for grades 5–11 should be based on a system of psychological knowledge, skills and abilities that allow a teenager to achieve a better self-awareness at each age stage. On the basis of this conceptual system, teenagers form their own psychological concept, “psychological theory”, which is the basis for understanding, interpreting and correcting their own thoughts, desires, actions, and behavior of people around them. Conclusion. The authors’ concept of teaching psychology at school, which includes self-coaching as a controlled form of internal dialogue, provides a student with a system of psychological concepts that contribute to the generalization and awareness of the subjective experience of his / her self-feelings, reflections and experiences.
UNIVERSAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF SELF-COACHING AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING AN ARBITRARY FORM OF STUDENT'S SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors:   Anapa Branch, Moscow Pedagogical State University (Anapa), Mikityuk N.V. , Oleshko S.N. ,   Anapa Branch, Moscow Pedagogical State University (Anapa), Siroshtanenko T.G. ,   Anapa Branch, Moscow Pedagogical State University (Anapa), Danilov N.F. ,   Anapa Branch, Moscow Pedagogical State University (Anapa)
Published: November 2020

Statement of the problem and purpose of the article. In the concept of teaching psychology at school as a discipline, we develop and analyze the previously developed theory of auto-psychological competence in its practical application: as an opportunity to develop competence in relation to oneself at school age. One of the main concepts and psychological means of development is self-coaching as a form of auto-communication. In this regard, we will present a number of theoretical reflections on the topic of internal dialogue. The research methodology is based on the theory of activity by A. N. Leontiev, as well as on the analysis and generalization of research works by international and Russian scientists on the problems of personal development. Research results. The universal psychological actions of self-coaching highlighted in the proposed concept are an attempt to test a set of specific psychological methods, techniques, operations aimed at solving psychological problems of self-understanding, self-evaluation, and self-correction in the course of teaching psychology at school. The means of forming effective reflexive mechanisms (self-awareness) is auto-communication coaching (self-coaching), which is based on the ability to formulate questions to yourself in relation to significant psychological manifestations. Conclusion. Teaching psychology at school (a system of psychological knowledge and skills mastered by a student using psychological self-coaching technologies) is considered as a psychological means of forming a reflexive, arbitrary form of self-consciousness. The developed training program provides a student with a system of psychological concepts that contribute to the generalization and awareness of the subjective experience of his self-feelings, reflections and experiences.
MYTHOPOETICS OF NOVELS BY V. SHUKSHIN “VIBURNUM RED” AND A. KUDRAVETS “RADANITSA”
Authors:   Vitebsk State University named after P.M. Masherov (Belarus), Kriklivets E.V.
Published: November 2020

In the last third of the twentieth century, Russian and Belarusian traditionalist prose activates mythopoetic archetypes, and there is a synthesis with individual elements of romantic, modernist and postmodern aesthetics. The purpose of the article is to identify national features of the appeal of Russian and Belarusian writers of the twentieth century to mythological structures (on the example of novels by V. Shukshin “Viburnum red” and A. Kudravets “Radanitsa”). The results of the study. Mythologism in the works by Russian and Belarusian writers in the last decades of the twentieth century is deeply conscious, reflective in nature, which determines the philosophical, intellectual orientation of their works. Separate mythologemes, reminiscences, allusions are used by writers so that they could be recognized by a reader and contain the “code” of the artistic message. The article reveals the ways V. Shukshin and A. Kudravets address mythological structures, the meaning and functions of the elements of mythopoetics in realistic prose. The author of the article notes that the compositional organization of the novels “Viburnum red” and “Radanitsa” correlates with the gospel parable of the prodigal son, which made it possible to reveal some existential issues that were relevant in the last third of the twentieth century
OTHER SHUKSHIN: NOTES ON CONTEMPORARY STUDIES OF SHUKSHIN’S WORKS
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University (Barnaul), Kulyapin A.I.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the review of monographs on the work of V.M. Shukshin, published over the past five years. Researchers of the creative heritage of the writer and film director managed to offer new prospects in the study of his works. In the monograph by D.V. Maryin, “The non-artistic work of V.M. Shukshin,” for the first time, letters, documentary autobiographies, draft notes, and social and political essays of the writer were systematically studied. The scientific significance of the research by Altai philologists “Semiotics of the artistic space of V.M. Shukshin” and “Geopoetics of V.M. Shukshin” consists in attempts to describe a holistic model of the writer’s artistic world. A book by I.V. Shestakova, “The artistic and visual principles of cinema by V.M. Shukshin,” is distinguished by a synthetic approach to Shukshin’s creativity. According to the author of this work, Shukshin’s film making is a single space for the interaction of literary, pictorial, and musical forms of arts. In addition to film critics, historians, philosophers and sociologists actively joined in the work on Shukshin’s works. The textbook by Prof. S.I. Grigoriev, (Post-Doctoral degree in Sociology) has run through several editions. S.V. Tsyb, Barnaul historian, had published his book entitled “V.M. Shukshin and historical time” by the 90th anniversary of Shukshin.
MORTAL MOTIVES IN WORKS BY R. SENCHIN
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Novikova E.O.
Published: November 2020

By the beginning of the twenty-first century, death of a person becomes an iconic theme of an artistic reflection, and in the modern collective consciousness there is an idea of it as an ordinary phenomenon of life. A motive of death is one of the basic in R. Senchin’s works. It is manifested at a problematic level in the works “Zone of Flooding”, “The Eltyshevs”, “Live, Live”. The article analyzes a complex of moral motives associated with the understanding of death as a personal drama of a “little man” and as a traumatic experience of the current era in general. Senchin represents not only the drama of a family, a soul, but also predicts an apocalyptic end to the era that has forgotten the precepts of the past, traditions that have entered the path of degradation and death.
SILA ASSOCIATIVE FIELD: EVOLUTION OF CONTENT
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Nizamutinova T.M.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the content of the linguistic consciousness of the young generation of Russian native speakers in the period from 1988 to 2018 on the material of the SILA (force / power / strength) associative field according to associative dictionaries of the Russian language. In the process of analysis, differences are revealed in the semantic structure of the field and the value orientations of young people at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The study was carried out by analyzing the reactions of the SILA associative field in the Russian Associative Dictionary (RAS), the Russian Regional Dictionary of the European Part (EURAS), the Russian Regional Associative Database (Siberia and the Far East) (SIBAS). As a result, differences in the value orientations of Russian young people have been revealed for the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
VARIANTS OF THE SIN ATONEMENT MOTIF: ON THE LIFE OF NEKRASOV’S PLOT ABOUT A GREAT SINNER IN THE RUSSIAN CULTURE OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors:   the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk), Nepomnyashchikh N.А.
Published: November 2020

Problem statement. There are two versions of the plot about two great sinners in the Russian literature and culture. The first version is Nekrasov’s one, based upon a folk tale, in which one sinner killed the other and earned God’s pardon for this. The second version is the same Nekrasov’s text, shortened and transformed into a song in which only one great sinner remains. Instead of committing a murder, he repented in a monastery. The versions express the opposite positions. The second one preaches such Christian virtues as repentance and humility. On the contrary, the first version shows that one can achieve salvation only by rebellion and murder. It has a revolutionary/ social connotation. The purpose of the article. These two versions of the plot are not always distinguished in the research literature. The purpose of the article is to draw a distinction between the versions and to analyze their functioning. Review of scientific literature on the problem. Nekrasov’s plot was thoroughly studied in 1920s-1960s. M.N. Klimova examined the second version in her book Ot protopopa Avvakuma do Fiedora Abramova: Zhitiya greshnykh sviatykh v russkoi literature (From the archpriest Avvakum to Theodore Abramov: hagiography of the sinful saints in the Russian literature), 2003. Methodology and research results. The comparative method along with the motif analysis leads to the conclusion that the full version of the plot was used by A. Kuprin in Demir-Kaya: Vostochnaya legenda (Demir-Kaya), 1906. The shortened version, widely known as the song performed by F. Chaliapin, could affect Stepan Razin’s image created by V. Shukshin in his film as well as the concept of the Strannyie liudi (Strange people) film (1969). The unique version of the plot, which differs from both full and short versions, is discovered in L.M. Leonov’s Deianiya Azlazivona, 1921. Conclusion. When analyzing the plot, one should identify the possible sources of the plot on the basis of the differences of two versions mentioned above.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN FINLAND: HOUSE AS A SYMBOL OF HOME
Authors:   University of Helsinki (Finland), Protassova E.Yu. , Reznik K.L. ,   Alfabetica Art Group (Finland)
Published: November 2020

Russian-speaking people in Finland make up less than two percent of the population, but are quite visible in its composition. Among them are descendants of so-called “old Russians” who lived here before the revolution, Finnish returnees and Ingermanland Finns, spouses of Finnish citizens, persons who came to work or study. Although the acquisition of housing is usually not the purpose, but the consequence of moving abroad, for refugees it can also be a consolation, a shelter, and for emigrants, it is a stage of getting used to unfamiliar conditions that should be adapted for themselves. The new environment should gradually be put under control in what concerns their habits, desires, ideals. The memorable things prove to be an important bridge between the past and the future, restoring the connection of times. A complete rejection of the previous existence, of the earlier established identity is impossible. The article explores symbolic attachment to the material side of the home, preservation of identity, and integration into the host society, drawing on the method of thematic analysis of discourse. Participants of focus groups, interviewees, and authors of essays are Russian-speaking residents of Finland of different ethnic backgrounds, mainly at the age of about 20 (and not more than 30). They are still young enough and cannot have accumulated lots of things, they are not able to remember well enough the life in Russian-speaking surroundings (they came from different places of the former USSR). Nevertheless, they care about photos of ancestors, objects obtained from friends and family jewelry, souvenirs and items, which they have inherited. It is noticeable that they are still influenced by the traditions of the family, but begin to build their micro-space, which carries some signs of Russianness. As they grow older, it will be saturated with meanings that speak of the increasingly complex personality of their owners.
Translation Boundaries in For Stevie Smith by M. Stepanova
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow), Markov A.V.
Published: November 2020

Problem statement. The book For Stevie Smith by the Russian poet Maria Stepanova is a free translation of the verses by a famous British poetess. Stepanova, relying on Grigory Dashevsky’s theory and practice, explains in detail the specifics of her work. However, due to specific features in Dashevsky and Stepanova’s commenting method, the status of this type of imitations in the literary process remains not fully clarified. Materials and methods. For the study, verses of the “gnomic” type were chosen. They express a single thought and allow one to see better mechanisms for constructing utterances that are different from those introduced by the rich imagery of plot poems. The main method was the reconstruction of the sources of Grigory Dashevsky’s views on translation and imitation, going back to classical philology. The works were also taken into account of Stepanova’s poetry experts and researchers, who posed close questions about the boundaries of art in creating new philosophical meanings similar to the philosopher and phenomenologist Anna Yampolskaya. Results. The study proved that the position of Maria Stepanova reproduces the position founded by Grigory Dashevsky in interpreting the legacy of Aratus: the return from the ideals of semiotics of the Middle Stoa to the simplicity of the Early Stoa. Stepanova, unlike Dashevsky, not only sacrifices accuracy (in the terminology of Dashevsky, “translation minus”), but also adds something. Thus, it enhances the ethical pathos of Smith’s poems, without any distortion of the plot of the poem, but due to a change in the coordinates in which didactic poem is read. Conclusion. The For Stevie Smith book should be recognized as a special achievement of Russian poetry, not limited to the concepts of poetic translation and poetic imitation. This is an important experiment on updating of ancient and Christian ethics by exclusively lyrical means. In this experiment, a new type of translator refuses not from specific features of the form, but from the inertia of the romantic type of an utterance.
MORTAL MOTIVES IN GUZEL YAKHINA'S NOVEL ZULEYKHA OPENS HER EYES
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Kondakova O.A.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the motives of death in G. Yakhina's novel Zuleykha Opens Her Eyes, which are significant and stable in the world literature. Two main types of death are distinguished and analyzed: physical and symbolic. On the basis of the studied works by M. Eliade and O. Sedakova, death is considered as a process of transition from a living state to a non-living state and as a transition to another space. In accordance with the classification of death motives given by O. Sedakova, „own” and „not own” death are distinguished and analyzed. Life and death, forming an inseparable pair, are considered both as a unified but variable whole, and as a binary opposition.
New species of the genus Stolzia Willamse, 1930 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Vietnam
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Storozhenko S.Yu.
Published: November 2020

Stolzia vietnamensis sp. n. is described from South Vietnam (Dong Nai Province). New species similar to S. flavomaculata (Willemse, 1939) from Dinding Island (Malaysia), S. hainanensis (Tinkham, 1940) and S. jianfengensis Zheng et Ma, 1989 from Hainan Island (China) but differs by color of hind tibiae and by light brown hind femur and disc of pronotum. This is first record of the genus Stolzia Willemse, 1930 from mainland Asia.
Two new species of the genus Erromenus Holmgren, 1857 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) from the Siberia and Russian Far East
Authors:   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, St.- Petersburg, 199034, Russia, Kasparyan D.R.
Published: November 2020

Two new species, Erromenus atrator sp. n. (Primorskiy Territory) and E. tereshkini sp. n. (Zabaikalskiy Territory) are described in the tribe Trypho¬nini (Ichneumonidae). Both new species differ from other congeners by almost completely black body color and a very wide dorsal area at the base of the pro-podeum, formed by a fused basal area and areola, and by the distinctly raised upper edge of the antennal sockets. In the last character, in the structure of the clypeal foveae and of the ovipositor, the new species are evolutionarily close to the Holarctic species E. zonarius (Gravenhorst, 1820). A new subgroup of species zonarius in the marginatus species group is proposed. Key to black-colored species of zonarius species-subgroup of the Eastern Palaearctic and related species is given.
A new species of the genus Flagellozetes Balogh, 1970 (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from Taiwan
Authors:   Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, 10 Semakova Str., Tyumen 625003, Russia, Ermilov S.G. , Liao J.-R. ,   Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da’an District, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
Published: November 2020

A new species of the genus Flagellozetes (Oribatida: Galumnidae) is described from Taiwan. Flagellozetes (Cosmogalumna) sanqingi Ermilov sp. n. differs from F. (C.) ornatus (Aoki, 1988) by the sculpturing of pteromorphs and genital plates and ornamentation of anal plates.
MULTI-ANNUAL AND SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION OF CYANOBACTERIA AND ALGAE IN SOME CAVES OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Abdullin Sh.R.
Published: November 2020

The multi-annual and seasonal dynamics of the taxonomic composition of cyanobacteria and algae in a number of caves in Russia differing in origin, lying rocks, morphology, level of anthropogenic influence (Shulgan-Tash, Kinderlinskaya, Pervaya Chekan-Tamakskaya, Dudkinskaya shtolnya) are analyzed. It was revealed that in different years and seasons there is a significant change in the taxonomic composition of cyanobacteria and algae. The reason for this may be influational water or anthropogenic influence. At the same time, groups of similar species are observed that occur constantly.
Coronary artery perforation treated with Viabahn stent graft: A case report
Authors: Schmitz Adam , Diab Nabih , Butty Sabah
Published: November 2020

Coronary artery perforation is a rare but serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. This case report describes a patient with Grade III perforation of the left anterior descending coronary artery who underwent placement of a peripheral arterial stent graft due to persistent contrast extravasation refractory to conventional coronary stent graft placement and balloon tamponade.
Application of Weighted Product (WP) Method in Decision Support of Unmer Madiun Rector Election
Authors: Utomo Pradityo , Budiman Arief
Published: November 2020

Universitas Merdeka Madiun (UNMER Madiun) is a private campus in Madiun, East Java, led by a Chancellor. The Chancellor served for four years. Prospective Chancellors choose through Senate consideration. The selection parameters include Curriculum Vitae, Vision and Mission, and Feasibility Test. In giving attention, debates often occur in Senate meetings. Based on this, this study created a system based on information technology that can help in making decisions. Decision Support System made using the Weighted Product method. Because in terms of computing time is faster than other SPK methods, so it is faster in making decisions. The criteria used to determine decisions using the assessment parameters used in the 2019 Chancellor election. The flow of this research starts from the stage of data collection, library research, making a decision support system, and testing the system. At the stage of data collection, it was done by collecting secondary data such as the parameter parameters in the selection of the Chancellor, which then is used for the criteria data. Furthermore, in making decision support systems using prototyping system development methods. After the system is created, the system tested. For the results of this study have been successfully applied Weighted Product method to support the decision of the Chancellor selection. Furthermore, the system that has tested using the BlackBox method evaluates the success of the system. Based on the results of system testing, the success rate of SPK that has made 100% successful results.
Mapping Student Data Using Data Warehouse for Promotion at Vocational High School of Z
Authors: Nurcahyo Khoirudin Eko , Sucipto Sucipto , Nugroho Arie
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is provide data warehouse modeling which make executive of school can analyze data easily, the problem is executive of school are analysis list registrant list difficulty, what the most and least registrant junior high school come from and the major which most and least registrant. This study do is because how important data management on education organization and how the data can be managed better. The study use descriptive quantitative method research and use 4 step data warehouse dimensional modeling by Kimball. On building data warehouse used ETL, data be extracted and transformed into data warehouse as dimension and fact. For next data be imported and be showed by web base business intelligence app. The result of this study is an web base business intelligence app which can show sum of registrant on gender, majors, junior high school graduate come from, recommendation and register year. Data warehouse is good at data analyzing for decision making, because data warehouse can show information quickly and accurate.
Decision Support System for Direct Target Cash Recipients Using the AHP and K-Means Method
Authors: Pamungkas Teguh Sri , Nugroho Agus Susilo , Wasiso Ichsan , Anggoro Tri , Kusrini Kusrini
Published: November 2020

In the Covid-19 pandemic situation, the government organized a Direct Cash Assistance as known as BLT for the people who were affected by Covid-19. The nominal amount of BLT received by the public is Rp. 600,000 per month. But in fact, the amount of BLT quota is not proportional to the list of BLT recipients submitted by regional officials, in this case, RT (Rukun Tetangga). So, to find out who is really suitable or appropriate, a decision-making system is needed so that the deposit of the BLT from the government can be right on target in accordance with the criteria set by the government. Stages of the study began with clustering of weights. After that, it is entered into the system to do a decision support process with AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The target of this research is the application that can be used to assist the government in distributing BLT to be right on target. Based on the functional testing of the system, the functions in the system have been succeeded according to plan. This system has successfully applied the K-Means and AHP methods for decision making, to receive direct cash assistance from the government. This system has a 100% accuracy rate. Where the most important criteria in this system are income with a weight of 0.394142515, ownership of a house with a weight of 0.231035138, number of dependents with a weight of 0.190359096, age with a weight of 0.081077616, employment with a weight of 0.058111736, and weight with a weight of 0, 045273898
Tenorrhaphy as an Alternative to Resection in the Treatment of Horizontal Strabismus in Children
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Krasnodar Branch, Trilyudina Y.I. , Kurochkin V.N. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Krasnodar Branch
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of horizontal strabismus by modified tenorrhaphy in comparison with standard resection in children. Material and methods. For 3 years (2017–2019), 560 patients with horizontal strabismus at the age from 2 to 14 years were operated. Of these, 288 patients (51.4%) underwent tenorrhaphy using a modified technique (main group) as augmentation surgery, 272 patients (48.6%) underwent classical resection (control group). Results. The average age of patients in the main group was 6 (3.46) years, in the control group – 5.8 (3.34) years. In the main group of patients, orthotropy was achieved in 85.4% of cases, in the control group – in 83.5% of cases, p = 0.523. The residual strabismus angle (up to 5°) was observed in 40 patients (14%) in the main group and in 44 patients (16.5%) in the control group of patients, p = 0.449. In the main group, additional correction of the residual angle was performed on the day after the operation using adjustable suture in 8 patients (2.8%). Reoperation in the long-term period was required for 10 patients (3.7%) in the control group and 3 patients (0.7%) in the main group, p = 0.039. Significant postoperative conjunctival thickening was found in 7.2% of patients in the main group. Conclusion. The effectiveness of tenorrhaphy is not inferior to classical resection and, in combination with recession (tenomyoplasty), gives predictable stable results. The tenorrhaphy method is technically simpler, safer, more physiological, can be easily corrected in the immediate postoperative period, has no risk of «losing» muscle and can be recommended as an alternative method of resection.
Severity of Penetrating Eye Trauma in Children in Tajikistan
Authors:   National Medical Centre of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Saidzhamolov K.M. , Gromakina E.V. ,   Kemerovo State Medical University, Kemerovo, Makhmadzoda S.K. ,   Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To assess the severity of penetrating eye trauma in children in Tajikistan. Material and methods. Retrospectively there was analyzed 277 case histories of children with a diagnosis of penetrating eye injury, admitted to the children’s department of the National Medical Centre of the Republic of Tajikistan for the provision of specialized ophthalmological care. Results. The average age of children at the time of injury to the organ of sight was 7.06 ± 3.01 years, mainly these were villagers (70%). Children under 7 years old accounted for 57.8% of those admitted to the hospital. The terms of admission to the hospital ranged from 1 to 14 days, an average of 43.02 ± 33.35 hours. The severity is caused by damage to 2 or more structures of the eyeball in 81,3%. Wounds larger than 6 mm prevailed and amounted to 63,5%. Endophthalmitis at admission was noted in 8,3% of cases. Enucleation was performed in 2 children; 244 children underwent primary surgical treatment. Visual acuity at discharge was higher than 0.1 in 72 of 275 children (26.2%), lower than 0,1 in 194 (70.7%). Conclusion. Almost every second child (43.0%) is admitted to the hospital for primary surgical treatment of an eyeball wound after 24 hours. About 2/3 of cases of eye damage are characterized by large wound sizes. Stab wounds were noted in 90.2% of cases. In 58.8% of cases, damage to the cornea was observed and in 68.6% – damage to the lens area.
A New Concept of the Pathogenesis of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors:   N. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Sidorenko E.I.
Published: November 2020

The lecture provides a detailed description of the development of retinal vessels, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The cascade of protective mechanisms of the organism of the system of combating hyperoxia, the system of combating circulatory hypoxia and the key growth factors of the vascular endothelium during angiogenesis are shown. The pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity is described and the first phase of ROP development is analyzed in detail, the reasons for the delay in the maturation of vascular autoregulation are explained. The author proposed to distinguish the first preclinical phase in the ROP classification. In contrast to the modern concentration of attention of ophthalmologists on the active and cicatricial stages, the author proposes to pay special attention to the study of the preclinical stage of ROP, where its pathogenesis is formed.
Toxic Damage to the Visual System in Case of Unintentiona
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Ioyleva E.E. , Kurakina E.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Andrusyakova E.P. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Saif M.A. ,   Naro-Fominsk District Hospital No. 2, Aprelevka, Moscow Region
Published: November 2020

The patient complained of a severe, yet painless, reduction in vision of both eyes after an accidental intramuscular injection of Klozantrem with a dose of 4.0 ml in S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. The standard ophthalmological examination was performed (OU visual acuity was counting fingers at a distance of 10 cm, OD intraocular pressure was 10mm Hg, OS intraocular pressure was 9 mm Hg, eye movement unremarkable). Biomicroscopy showed both eyes were calm, pale pink conjunctivae, transparent cornea, medium depth anterior chamber, transparent lens. OU ophthalmoscopy showed the optic disc was discolourated, its boundaries were indistinct, arteries and veins were narrowed, macular area of the retina without a visible physical pathology. Perimetry showed the correct light projection. A reduction in the thickness of the external and internal layers of the retina was observed as a result of the OCT of the macular zone OU. OCT showed the thickness of the layer of nerve fibres in the upper and lower nasal segments. OS has the prominence of the optic disc in the vitreous body. The threshold of the electrical sensitivity OU was 300 mkA by electrophysiological research; the electrical latency was not defined. During the MRI scan, the fascinated changes of the cerebral cortex have not been found. Acute optic neuropathy of toxic genesis was diagnosed in both eyes. A course of complex conservative treatment was prescribed: anti-inflammatory, nootropic, metabolic, vitamin therapy, as well as magnetotherapy, electrical stimulation and electrophoresis. As a result of the reported case by patient due to unintentional application of Closantel, we found that toxic damage of the ganglion cells of the retina was initially occurring, resulting in a reduction of the central visual acuity, followed by the development of the optic nerve atrophy. Care must be exercised when dealing with medicines. Potentially, any medicines are toxic and, if used improperly, may cause a number of side effects from the visual and central nervous system.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF JUDGES
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Skoromnyy Yaroslav
Published: November 2020

The article presents the key features of the criminal liability of judges. It has been established that the legal basis for bringing judges to criminal liability is governed by the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges", the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It has been established that usually the illegal behavior of a judge or the irresponsibility of a judge primarily arises from the imperfection of the legislation, which regulates the main aspects of a judge's behavior in the course of his professional activities. It has been determined that, in accordance with Article 375 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, a judge who has passed a false sentence (decision, ruling or ruling) is prosecuted and punished by restraint of liberty for a term of up to five years or imprisonment for a term of two to five years, and In the event of grave consequences as a result of such actions of a judge or their commission for profit, for personal purposes or to create an obstacle to the legality of the journalist's professional activity, the judge is punished with imprisonment for a term of five to eight years. It has been proved that the main elements of a judge's legal status are immunity, which provide for the conduct of an independent justice. It was found that judges cannot be held accountable for their judicial decisions, except for cases when they committed a crime or disciplinary offense. It has been established that a judge can be detained on the basis of a suspicion of an act they have committed, for which it is envisaged to bring to criminal or administrative responsibility, with the exception of cases specified in the legislation. It has been determined that, on the basis of bringing a judge to criminal responsibility, he may be temporarily suspended from the administration of justice for a period of not more than two months on the basis of a petition made by the Prosecutor General of Ukraine or his deputies in accordance with the procedure established by law, while only the High Council of Justice makes a decision on the temporary suspension of a judge from administering justice. It has been proved that the court in which the judge committed a criminal offense and which is subject to criminal liability, holds or has held the office of a judge, cannot bring charges against a judge and carry out on the following grounds of justice with a judgment, except in cases determined by law. It has been determined that bringing judges to criminal responsibility is a rather difficult process, since today there are few cases in which judges were held accountable for their crimes.
The Devil is in the Defects: Electronic Conductivity in Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Gorai Prashun , Famprikis Theodosios , Gill Baltej Singh , Stevanovic Vladan , Canepa Pieremanuele
Published: November 2020

Rechargeable solid-state batteries continue to gain prominence due to their increased safety. However, a number of outstanding challenges have prevented their adoption in mainstream technology. In this study, we reveal the origins of electronic conductivity (se) in solid electrolytes (SEs), which is deemed responsible for solid-state battery degradation, as well as more drastic short-circuit and failure. Using first-principles defect calculations and physics-based models, we predict se in three topical SEs: Li6PS5Cl and Li6PS5I argyrodites, and Na3PS4 for post-Li batteries. We treat SEs as materials with finite band gaps and apply the defect theory of semiconductors to calculate the native defect concentrations and associated electronic conductivities. Our experimental measurements of the band gap of tetragonal Na3PS4 confirm our predictions. The quantitative agreement of the predicted se in these three materials and those measured experimentally strongly suggests that self-doping via native defects is the primary source of electronic conductivity in SEs. In particular, we find that Li6PS5X are n-type (electrons are majority carriers), while Na3PS4 is p-type (holes). Importantly, the predicted values set the lower bound for se in SEs. We suggest general defect engineering strategies pertaining to synthesis protocols to reduce se in SEs, and thereby, curtailing the degradation of solid-state batteries. The methodology presented here can be extended to investigate se in secondary phases that typically form at electrode-electrolyte interfaces, as well as to complex oxide-based SEs.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Photo-Induced Electron Transfer in Dinuclear and Tetranuclear Fe/Co Prussian Blue Analogues
Authors: Zimara Jennifer , Stevens Hendrik , Oswald Rainer , Demeshko Serhiy , Dechert Sebastian , Mata Ricardo A. , Meyer Franc , Schwarzer Dirk
Published: November 2020

The dynamics of photo-driven charge transfer-induced spin transition (CTIST) in two Fe/Co Prussian Blue Analogues (PBAs) is revealed by femtosecond IR and UV/vis pump-probe spectroscopy. Depending on temperature the known tetranuclear square-type complex [Co2Fe2(CN)6(tp*)2(4,4’-dtbbpy)4](PF6)2 (1) exists in two electronic states. In acetonitrile solution at <240 K the low temperature (LT) phase is prevalent consisting of low-spin Fe(II) and low-spin Co(III), [FeIILSCoIIILS]2. Temperature rise causes thermally induced CTIST towards the high temperature (HT) phase consisting of low-spin Fe(III) and high-spin Co(II), [FeIIILSCoIIHS]2, being prevalent at >300 K. Photo-excitation into the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band of the LT phase at 800 nm induces electron transfer in one Fe-Co edge of PBA 1 and produces a [FeIIILSCoIILS] intermediate which by spin crossover (SCO) is stabilized within 400 fs to a long-lived (>1 ns) [FeIIILSCoIIHS]. In contrast, IVCT excitation of the HT phase at 400 nm generates a [FeIILSCoIIIHS] species with a lifetime of 3.6 ps. Subsequent back-electron transfer populates the vibrationally hot ground state, which thermalizes within 8 ps. The newly synthesized dinuclear PBA, [CoFe(CN)3(tp*)(pz*4Lut)]ClO4 (2), provides a benchmark of the HT phase of 1, i.e. [FeIIILSCoIIHS], as verified by variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and 57Fe Mößbauer spectroscopy. The photo-induced charge transfer dynamics of PBA 2 indeed is almost identical to that of the HT phase of phase of PBA 1 with a lifetime of the excited [FeIILSCoIIIHS] species of 3.8 ps.
Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Chemistry for Structurally Sensitive Probes of Gaseous Protein Ion Structure: Electrostatic and Electrostatic to Covalent Cross-Linking
Authors: See Kit Melanie Cheung , Carvalho Veronica V. , Vilseck Jonah Z. , Webb Ian
Published: November 2020

Intramolecular interactions within a protein are key in maintaining protein tertiary structure and understanding how proteins function. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has become a widely used approach in structural biology since it provides rapid measurements of collision cross sections (CCS), which inform on the gas-phase conformation of the biomolecule under study. Gas-phase ion/ion reactions target amino acid residues with specific chemical properties and the modified sites can be identified by MS. In this study, electrostatically reactive, gas-phase ion/ion chemistry and IM-MS are combined to characterize the structural changes between ubiquitin electrosprayed from aqueous and denaturing conditions. The electrostatic attachment of sulfo-NHS acetate to ubiquitin via ion/ion reactions and fragmentation by electron-capture dissociation (ECD) provide the identification of the most accessible protonated sites within ubiquitin as the sulfonate group forms an electrostatic complex with accessible protonated side chains. The protonated sites identified by ECD from the different solution conditions are distinct and, in some cases, reflect the disruption of interactions such as salt bridges that maintain the native protein structure. This agrees with previously published literature demonstrating that a high methanol concentration at low pH causes the structure of ubiquitin to change from a native (N) state to a more elongated A state. Results using gas-phase, electrostatic cross-linking reagents also point to similar structural changes and further confirm the role of methanol and acid in favoring a more unfolded conformation. Since cross-linking reagents have a distance constraint for the two reactive sites, the data is valuable in guiding computational structures generated by molecular dynamics. The research presented here describes a promising strategy that can detect subtle changes in the local environment of targeted amino acid residues to inform on changes in the overall protein structure.
Task Aspects Triggering Observational Learning in Jackdaws (Corvus monedula)
Authors: Mioduszewska Berenika , Schleuning Xenia , Brunon Anaïs , O’Hara Mark , Auersperg Alice M. I. , Federspiel Ira G. , von Bayern Auguste M. P.
Published: November 2020

Complex novel tasks are often used in animal cognition research to allow discrimination between various learning mechanisms. Successful performance relies on the capacity to identify informational cues from features in the environment. Additionally, observational learning is often considered more beneficial for survival than individual learning. Despite the importance of controlling task complexity, it can often be challenging to operationalize. This study investigated whether jackdaws, a highly social corvid species, can learn to drop stones inside a tube to release a reward after observing a trained conspecific. Additionally, it aimed to identify the underlying learning mechanisms and to detect the informational cues triggering learning. A research design was developed to highlight different aspects of the required action sequence. Experimental conditions included a conspecific model demonstrating the full sequence, parts of the sequence, consuming the reward without solving the task, and consuming the reward after the solution was demonstrated without a visible model. None of the 12 naïve jackdaws solved the task in pretests. Two subjects started solving in test sessions and they developed modified versions of the demonstrated action. Observing the full action sequence performed by a conspecific seemed to trigger learning. The majority of the subjects exhibited changes in their stone-oriented behavior, most likely due to stimulus and/or local enhancement. As predicted, jackdaws were influenced by conspecific model demonstrations when manipulating a complex novel foraging task. Factors contributing to the apparent task difficulty and directions for future studies are discussed within a tri-dimensional framework including the task, setup, and individuals.
Efficacy of Rasayan in the Prevention of Communicable diseases (Janapadhodhwamsa)
Authors: Shanti Manyala  , Shweta Parwe
Published: November 2020

Ayurved is a holistic science which mainly emphasizes on the preventive aspect of diseases and ill- health. The concept of communicable disease is mentioned under the concept of “Janapadhodhwamsa”. Rasayan therapy plays a very key role in the prevention of communicable diseases. An attempt has been made to establish a co- relation between the Ayurvedic concept and the current most prevelant communicable diseases and their categorization under the pranavaha srotas, Annavaha srotas, Udakvaha srotas, Rasa and Raktavaha srotas. In the present scenario, increased urbanization and modified lifestyle has led to derangement of agni. This deranged agni has led to compromised immunity, which itself serves as a cause and provoking factor for many infectious diseases. In today’s context, the whole world is facing the communicable and infectious pandemic, termed Covid-19. No any specific treatment modality is been established till date. In the view of lack of any treatment modality and vaccine availability, focus is been given on enhancing the immunity and maintaining good health status is been laid .By maintaining good immunity and health, we can protect ourselves from this infectious disease and also prognosis of the patients will also be good, who are with co- morbid conditions. Thus now emphasis is laid to improve the immunity by techniques such as Rasayan Chikitsa.
Prevalence of different methods of crown lengthening and its preference among dental specialties
Authors: Sanjog Agarwal  , Subhabrata Maiti  , Subhashree R
Published: November 2020

Short clinical crowns often lead to poor retention form, leading to improper tooth preparation. Crown lengthening is carried out to increase the clinical crown length without violating the biologic width. Several techniques have been proposed for crown lengthening such as gingivectomy procedures. A Cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a university, on randomly selected individuals. The study group consisted of patients getting treated at the Department of Prosthodontics from June 2019 – March 2020. 86,000 case sheets were reviewed, and samples were selected using simple random sampling. The two variables were compared using the chi-square test. Laser gingivectomy was the most common 55.9% form of crown lengthening procedure. Awareness of crown lengthening was found more among postgraduates at 78.7%. Among all the departments, crown lengthening was required more for periodontal procedures 42.3%. In this era of quickly developing technologies and innovative ideas, the requirement for faster treatment has not only become a requirement but a necessity. Treatment with lasers is well accepted by patients as it is less time-consuming and painless. Lasers have taken over a lot of procedures so is crown lengthening. Postgraduates know more about crown lengthening and hence do in more number of cases. There are various reasons to get crown lengthening done with periodontitis being the most common specialty for its need.
ODESSA: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURIST CENTER
Authors: Лисенкова Татьяна Игоревна , Яковлева Светлана Ивановна
Published: November 2020

Показаны результаты оценки Одессы как центра внутреннего туризма Украины и нового международного центра туризма. Анализируется структура современного туристского потока, специализация и новый инновационный фактор развития - бренд «умного города». Предлагается считать этот бренд элементом современного и перспективного туристского образа города.

The results of the assessment of Odessa as a center of domestic tourism of Ukraine and a new international tourism center are shown. The author analyzes the structure of the modern tourist flow, specialization and a new innovative development factor - the brand of the «smart city». It is proposed to consider this brand as an element of the modern and promising tourist image of the city.