bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid surgery: A review
Authors: Lynch Jeremy , Parameswaran Rajeev
Published: April 2017

Background

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage because of thyroid and parathyroid surgery has been recognized for over a century. Injury rates have been slowly decreasing in this period while effective treatment strategies have been increasing.

Methods

Recent literature was evaluated on the topics of anatomy, pathophysiology, avoidance, and conservative and surgical treatment of RLN injury. Data for this literature review were identified by PubMed and references from relevant articles using the search terms “thyroid,” “laryngeal nerve,” and “injury.” Only articles published in English between 1990 and 2015 were included.

Results

Advances in technique and equipment have made injury less likely. The evidence and role for neuromonitoring is discussed. Treatment strategies may include speech therapy, vocal cord augmentation using injection, laryngeal framework surgery techniques (including laryngoplasty and arytenoid adduction), and reinnervation.

Conclusion

Injury rates in specialist centers are very low. Good to excellent results may be obtained in most cases.
Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma: Treatment outcomes and association with human papillomavirus
Authors: Miller Eric D. , Blakaj Dukagjin M. , Swanson Benjamin J. , Xiao Weihong , Gillison Maura L. , Wei Lai , Bhatt Aashish D. , Diavolitsis Virginia M. , Wobb Jessica L. , Kang Stephen Y. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Grecula John C.
Published: April 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to review long‐term outcomes of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and to clarify its association with human papillomavirus (HPV).

Methods

The medical records of 23 patients with sinonasal ACC treated with primary surgical resection between 1998 and 2013 were reviewed. Tissue specimens were available for 17 patients. The p16 testing was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and HPV infection was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers targeting the E6/E7 region.

Results

Two of the 17 samples showed strong and diffuse p16 staining, whereas the remaining 15 cases showed p16‐positivity isolated to the luminal cells. Only one of the p16‐positive cases was positive for HPV. The 5‐year local failure, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were 51%, 52%, and 62%, respectively.

Conclusion

Local failures are common with advanced sinonasal ACC, and the association of HPV with true sinonasal ACC is low.
Chitosan conduits filled with simvastatin/Pluronic F‐127 hydrogel promote peripheral nerve regeneration in rats
Authors: Guo Qi , Liu Can , Hai Bao , Ma Teng , Zhang Wen , Tan Jie , Fu Xin , Wang Hong , Xu Yingsheng , Song Chunli
Published: April 2017

Treating peripheral nerve defects represents a clinical challenge, and nerve conduits lacking an internal scaffold lead to limited large nerve gap regeneration. Here, we bridged 10‐mm sciatic nerve defects in rats with a chitosan conduit filled with 0, 0.5, or 1.0 mg of simvastatin in Pluronic F‐127 hydrogel. We assessed subsequent nerve regeneration using the sciatic functional index (SFI), electrophysiological assessments, Fluoro‐Gold (FG) retrograde tracing, gastrocnemius muscle mass measurements, and histological and immunohistochemical assessments of nerve regeneration. Ten weeks after implantation, the chitosan conduit filled with simvastatin/Pluronic F‐127 hydrogel promoted nerve regeneration; there were significant increases in the SFI, compound muscle action potential peak amplitude, motor nerve conduction velocity, FG‐labeled neuron number in the dorsal root ganglia, myelin sheath thickness, axon diameter, gastrocnemius wet weight, and muscle fiber area percentage in the gastrocnemius muscle (all p < 0.05). The expression levels of neurotrophic factors, such as pleiotrophin, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, were also found to be increased. The results suggest that chitosan conduits filled with simvastatin/Pluronic F‐127 hydrogel improved peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats, which may have been related to the increased expression of several endogenous neurotrophic factors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 787–799, 2018.
Value of prior imaging review before ordering renal sonography in the evaluation of abnormal renal function
Authors: Niesen Timothy J. , Finch Nathan , Gakhal Mandip , Dressler Robert M. , Levy Howard M.
Published: April 2017

Background

To determine the prognostic relevance of prior imaging studies in the evaluation of patients referred for renal ultrasound (US) examination to investigate abnormal renal function tests.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 208 consecutive renal US examinations performed for abnormal renal function tests.

Results

68% (142/208) of patients reviewed for the study had prior abdominal imaging with 15% (21/142) receiving that imaging within 1 month prior to the renal US study and 56% (80/142) within the prior year. Of all patients with prior imaging studies, only 6/142 (4%) demonstrated any significant interval change, with development of hydronephrosis, which was also clinically evident as a substantial rise in serum creatinine level.

Conclusions

Review of prior imaging studies, in addition to other pertinent clinical data, should result in a significant reduction in the number of unnecessary renal US examinations performed in patients with abnormal renal function. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:537–541, 2017
Nongalenic pial arteriovenous fistula: Prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Martínez‐Payo Cristina , Sancho Saúco Javier , Miralles Maria , Pérez Medina Tirso
Published: April 2017

Pial arteriovenous (AV) fistulae have rarely been diagnosed in utero. They are characterized by one or more pial arteries flowing directly into a cortical vein without any shunt or interposed capillary bed. In the fetus and the newborn up to 2 years of age, the most common clinical manifestation is heart failure resulting from fistula overload. Later on, hydrocephalus, focal neurologic deficits, headaches, seizures, and cerebral hemorrhage are the most common manifestations. We present a case of nongalenic pial AV fistula diagnosed in the 25th week of pregnancy, which resulted in intrauterine fetal death due to congestive heart failure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:621–625, 2017
Preoperative MRI features associated with lymphovascular invasion in node‐negative invasive breast cancer: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Cheon Hyejin , Kim Hye Jung , Lee So Mi , Cho Seung Hyun , Shin Kyung Min , Kim Gab Chul , Park Ji Young , Kim Won Hwa
Published: April 2017

Purpose

In node‐negative disease, the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is reported to be an unfavorable prognostic factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative breast MRI features are associated with LVI in patients with node‐negative invasive breast cancer by a propensity‐matched analysis.

Materials and Methods

Among 389 patients with node‐negative invasive ductal breast cancer who had preoperative breast 3.0 Tesla MRI with precontrast T2‐weighted fat‐suppressed, pre‐ and dynamic postcontrast T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed sequences, 61 patients with LVI (LVI group) were matched with 183 patients without LVI (no LVI group) at a ratio of 1:3 in terms of age, histologic grade, tumor size, and hormone receptor status. Two radiologists reviewed the MRI features, following profiles of focal breast edema (peritumoral, prepectoral, subcutaneous), intratumoral T2 signal intensity, adjacent vessel sign, and increased ipsilateral whole‐breast vascularity, in addition to 2013 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon.

Results

The presence of peritumoral edema (45.9% [28/61] versus 30.6% [56/183], P = 0.030) and adjacent vessel sign (82.0% [50/61] versus 68.3% [125/183], P = 0.041) was significantly associated with LVI. Prepectoral edema was also more frequently observed in the LVI group than in the no LVI group with borderline significance (26.2% [16/61] versus 15.3% [28/183], P = 0.055). In cases of nonmass enhancement, regional enhancement was more frequently found in the LVI group than in the no LVI group (60.0% [3/4] versus 5.9% [1/4], P = 0.042).

Conclusion

Preoperative breast MRI features may be associated with LVI in patients with node‐negative invasive breast cancer.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1037–1044.
Metabolomics analysis of fungal biofilm development and of arachidonic acid‐based quorum sensing mechanism
Authors: Ząbek Adam , Junka Adam , Szymczyk Patrycja , Wojtowicz Wojciech , Klimek‐Ochab Magdalena , Młynarz Piotr
Published: April 2017

The infections caused by filamentous fungi are becoming worldwide problem of healthcare systems due to increasing drug‐resistance of this microorganism and increasing number of immunocompromised nosocomial patients. These infections are related with Aspergillus ability to form sessile communities referred to as the biofilms. The small compounds known as quorum sensing (QS) molecules allow this microorganism to coordinate all processes taking place during biofilm formation and maturation. In the study presented, the HRMAS 1H NMR metabolomic approach was applied to define composition of extra and intracellular metabolites produced by biofilmic and planktonic (aka free‐swimming) cultures of this microorganism and to evaluate impact of quorum sensing molecule, arachidonic acid (AA) on biofilm formation. The Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to confirm Aspergillus ability to form biofilm in vitro, while multivariate and univariate data analysis was applied to analyze data obtained. The Aspergillus strain was able to form strong biofilm structures in vitro. The statistical analysis revealed significant changes of metabolite production depending on Aspergillus culture type (biofilm vs. plankton), time and presence of QS molecules. The data obtained, if developed, might be used in future NMR diagnostics as markers of Aspergillus biofilm‐related infections and lead to shorten time between pathogen identification and introduction of treatment.
Prospecting fungal parasites of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida using a rapid screening technique
Authors: Kooliyottil Rinu , Dandurand Louise‐Marie , Knudsen Guy R.
Published: April 2017

Seven filamentous fungal species were isolated from individual eggs of Globodera pallida cysts collected from infested fields in Shelley Idaho, USA and identified as Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium tricinctum, Microdochium bolleyi, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Their ability to reduce infection by G. pallida in planta were assessed in simple, reproducible micro‐rhizosphere chambers (micro‐ROCs). All fungi reduced G. pallida infection in potato, but greatest reduction was observed with C. globosum at an average reduction of 76%. Further non‐destructive methods were developed to rapidly assess biological control potential of putative fungal strains by staining the infectious second stage juveniles of G. pallida with the live fluorescent stain PKH26. In comparisons between the standard, invasive acid fuchsin method and use of the live stain PKH26, no significant difference in infection level of G. pallida was observed whether roots were stained with PKH26 or acid fuchsin. For both methods, a similar reduction (77% for acid fuchsin, and 78% for PKH26 stain) in invasion of infectious stage of G. pallida was observed when potato plants were inoculated with C. globosum compared to non‐inoculated potato.
Impact of changes in mean and extreme temperatures caused by climate change on olive flowering in southern Spain
Authors: Gabaldón‐Leal Clara , Ruiz‐Ramos Margarita , de la Rosa Raúl , León Lorenzo , Belaj Angjelina , Rodríguez Alfredo , Santos Cristina , Lorite Ignacio J.
Published: April 2017

Due to the severe increase projected in future temperatures and the great economic and social importance of olive growing for vast agricultural areas in the Mediterranean Basin, accurate climate change impact assessment on olive orchards is required. The aim of this study is to assess the flowering date and the impact of mean and extreme temperature events on olive flowering in southern Spain under baseline and future climate conditions. To that end, experimental data were obtained from ten olive genotypes: six well‐known olive cultivars in the region, one cultivar, ‘Chiquitita’, obtained via conventional breeding, and three wild olives from the Canary Islands. A site‐specific model calibration was conducted resulting in satisfactory performance with an average error of 2 days for flowering date estimation under baseline and future climate conditions, and a RMSE equal to 5.5 days in the validation process. The outputs from 12 regional climate models from the ENSEMBLES European project with a bias correction in temperature and precipitation were used. Results showed an advance in the olive flowering dates of about 17 days at the end of the 21st century compared with the baseline period (1981–2010), and an increase in the frequency of extreme events around the flowering period. A spatial analysis of results identified the areas in southern Spain that are most vulnerable to climate change impact caused by the lack of chilling hours accumulation (areas located on the Atlantic coast and the south‐eastern coast) and by the occurrence of high temperatures during the flowering period (areas located in the north and north‐eastern areas of the Andalusian region).
An examination of the factors affecting the adoption of E‐training in the Nigerian civil service sector
Authors: Zainab Bello , Bhatti Muhammad Awais , Pangil Faizuniah
Published: April 2017

To examine the role that perceived support has in e‐training adoption in the Nigerian civil service, researchers developed a framework that addressed organizational, technical, and government support, as well as perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The results of a questionnaire administered to 450 department heads revealed that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a strong predictive role in e‐training adoption. Although organizational and government support were not shown to have a significant impact on the adoption of e‐training, technical support was found to play a role through its impact on perceived ease of use. By bolstering e‐training efforts with the proper support, public‐sector decision‐makers can facilitate the adoption of such programs in their quest to improve the performance of the government agencies they administer.
Modern Warfare: Video Game Playing and Posttraumatic Symptoms in Veterans
Authors: Etter Darryl , Kamen Charles , Etter Kelly , Gore‐Felton Cheryl
Published: April 2017

Many of the current generation of veterans grew up with video games, including military first‐person shooter (MFPS) video games. In MFPS games, players take the role of soldiers engaged in combat in environments modeled on real‐life warzones. Exposure to trauma‐congruent game content may either serve to exacerbate or to ameliorate posttraumatic symptoms. The current study examined the relationship between MFPS and other shooter video game playing and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among current and former members of the military (N = 111). Results indicated that video game play was very common, and 41.4% of participants reported playing MFPS or other shooter games (shooter players group). The shooter players group reported higher levels of PTSD symptoms than participants who did not play any video or shooter games (nonshooter/nonplayers group; d = 0.44); however, playing shooter games was not predictive of PTSD symptoms after accounting for personality, combat exposure, and social support variables. This may indicate that the same psychosocial factors predict both PTSD and shooter video game play. Although veterans may benefit from the development and use of clinical applications of video games in PTSD treatment, clinical attention should continue to focus on established psychosocial predictors of PTSD symptoms.
Adsorption Studies of Amino Cellulose on Cellulosics
Authors: Jedvert Kerstin , Elschner Thomas , Heinze Thomas
Published: April 2017

Adsorption of a typical example of a new class of amino cellulose, namely 6‐deoxy‐6‐(2‐aminoethyl)amino cellulose at different pH‐values and in the presence of electrolytes, onto cellulose model substrates is studied with surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Unexpectedly, adsorption is consistently higher at a higher pH‐value of 10, indicating that solubility and interactions between amine moieties and cellulose are more important than electrostatic interactions. The findings are highly relevant for the process to modify material surfaces with amino cellulose in water‐based systems as a universal tool for changing the surface properties and chemistry. Potential applications for an antimicrobial all biobased material could be found, e.g., as medical textiles or in the biotechnology sector.

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Precision Aliphatic Polyesters with Alternating Microstructures via Cross‐Metathesis Polymerization: An Event of Sequence Control
Authors: Li Zi‐Long , Zeng Fu‐Rong , Ma Ji‐Mei , Sun Lin‐Hao , Zeng Zhen , Jiang Hong
Published: April 2017

Sequence‐regulated polymerization is realized upon sequential cross‐metathesis polymerization (CMP) and exhaustive hydrogenation to afford precision aliphatic polyesters with alternating sequences. This strategy is particularly suitable for the arrangement of well‐known monomer units including glycolic acid, lactic acid, and caprolactic acid on polymer chain in a predetermined sequence. First of all, structurally asymmetric monomers bearing acrylate and α‐olefin terminuses are generated in an efficient and straightforward fashion. Subsequently, cross‐metathesis (co)polymerization of M1 and M2 using the Hoveyda–Grubbs second‐generation catalyst (HG‐II) furnishes P1–P3, respectively. Finally, hydrogenation yields the desired saturated polyesters HP1–HP3. It is noteworthy that the ε‐caprolactone‐derived unit is generated in situ rather than introduced to tailor‐made monomers prior to CMP. NMR and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) results verify the microstructural periodicity of these precision polyesters. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results reflect that polyesters without methyl side groups exhibit crystallinity, and unsaturated polyester samples show higher glass transition temperatures than their hydrogenated counterparts owing to structural rigidity.

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Ionic conducting membranes based on new sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s for fuel cell applications
Authors: Chauveau Edouard , Marestin Catherine , Mercier Régis , Espuche Eliane , Morin Arnaud
Published: April 2017

The synthesis and characterization of new di‐ and tetra‐sulfonated ether diketone monomers are described. From these monomers, a wide series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEK) are synthesized by varying the sulfonic acid repartition along the polymer backbones. Their chemical structures are thoroughly characterized by NMR. From these polymers tough membranes are obtained from solution casting method and their water uptake, ionic conductivity, and water/gas permeation properties are determined and compared with those of Nafion membrane. Preliminary fuel cell tests show that SPAEK membranes are promising candidates for fuel cell application. This work brings new insights concerning the beneficial effects of introducing densely sulfonated monomers in a polyarylether macromolecular structure along with fluorinated groups improving conductivity while reducing unwanted excessive swelling. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 771–777
Poisson progressive mean control chart
Authors: Abbasi Saddam Akber
Published: April 2017

In real life applications, many process‐monitoring problems in statistical process control are based on attribute data resulting from quality characteristics that cannot be measured on numerical or quantitative scales. For the monitoring of such data, a new attribute control chart has been proposed in this study, namely, the Poisson progressive Mean (PPM) control chart. The performance of the PPM chart is compared with the existing charts used for the monitoring of Poisson processes such as the Shewhart c‐chart, Poisson Exponentially Weighted Moving Average chart, Poisson double Exponentially Weighted Moving Average chart and the Poisson Cumulative Sum charts. The average run length comparison indicated the superior performance of the PPM chart in terms of shift detection ability. This study will help quality practitioners to choose an efficient attribute control chart.
Respiratory bronchiolitis‐associated interstitial lung disease secondary to electronic nicotine delivery system use confirmed with open lung biopsy
Authors: Flower Mark , Nandakumar Lakshmy , Singh Mahendra , Wyld David , Windsor Morgan , Fielding David
Published: April 2017

As a modern phenomenon, there is currently limited understanding of the possible toxic effects and broader implications of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Large volumes of aerosolized particles are inhaled during “vaping” and there are now an increasing number of case reports demonstrating toxic effects of ENDS, as well as human studies demonstrating impaired lung function in users. This article presents a case of respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB‐ILD) precipitated by vaping in a 33‐year‐old male with 10 pack years of traditional cigarette and prior treatment for mixed germ cell tumour. The patient had started vaping 10–15 times per day while continuing to smoke 10 traditional cigarettes per day. After 3 months of exposure to e‐cigarette vapour, chest computed tomography demonstrated multiple new poorly defined pulmonary nodules with fluffy parenchyma opacification centred along the terminal bronchovascular units. Video‐assisted thoracoscopy with lung biopsy of the right upper and right middle lobes was undertaken. The microscopic findings were overall consistent with RB‐ILD. This case demonstrates toxicity with use of ENDS on open lung biopsy with resolution of radiographic findings on cessation. We believe that this is the first case where open lung biopsy has demonstrated this and our findings are consistent with RB‐ILD.
Clinical outcome of various metformin treatments for women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Matsuzaki Toshiya , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Iwasa Takeshi , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Yano Kiyohito , Mayila Yiliyasi , Tokui Takako , Yanagihara Rie , Matsui Sumika , Kato Takeshi , Kuwahara Akira , Irahara Minoru
Published: April 2017

Aim

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an ovulatory disorder and insulin resistance and diabetes are involved in its pathophysiology. Metformin, an anti‐diabetic agent, has been reported to be useful to induce ovulation.

Methods

Metformin treatment was classified into four types: (1) clomiphene–metformin combination treatment for clomiphene‐resistant patients; (2) clomiphene–metformin combination for clomiphene‐sensitive patients; (3) clomiphene–metformin combination for naïve patients; and (4) metformin monotherapy. The patients underwent physical, endocrinological, and clinical examinations for their ovulation rates, pregnancy rates, and follicular development.

Results

The ovulation rates, pregnancy rates, and single follicular development were not significantly different among the clomiphene–metformin combination treatment groups. In the Body Mass Index (BMI) subanalysis, the pregnancy rate was higher in the BMI≥30 kg/m2 group than in the other three groups with a BMI of ≤30 kg/m2 in both cycles and cases. The ovulation rates and pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the group with a fasting insulin of ≥15 μU/mL than in the groups with a fasting insulin of <15 μU/mL in both cycles and cases.

Conclusion

Clomiphene–metformin combination treatment appears to be useful, at least for clomiphene‐resistant patients, and a BMI of >30 kg/m2 and a fasting insulin of ≥15 μU/mL appear to be predictors of a good result with this treatment.
Human Kidney-Derived Cells Ameliorate Acute Kidney Injury Without Engrafting into Renal Tissue
Authors: Santeramo Ilaria , Herrera Perez Zeneida , Illera Ana , Taylor Arthur , Kenny Simon , Murray Patricia , Wilm Bettina , Gretz Norbert
Published: April 2017

Previous studies have suggested that CD133+ cells isolated from human kidney biopsies have the potential to ameliorate injury following intravenous (IV) administration in rodent models of kidney disease by integrating into damaged renal tissue and generating specialized renal cells. However, whether renal engraftment of CD133+ cells is a prerequisite for ameliorating injury has not yet been unequivocally resolved. Here, we have established a cisplatin-induced nephropathy model in immunodeficient rats to assess the efficacy of CD133+ human kidney cells in restoring renal health, and to determine the fate of these cells after systemic administration. Specifically, following IV administration, we evaluated the impact of the CD133+ cells on renal function by undertaking longitudinal measurements of the glomerular filtration rate using a novel transcutaneous device. Using histological assays, we assessed whether the human kidney cells could promote renal regeneration, and if this was related to their ability to integrate into the damaged kidneys. Our results show that both CD133+ and CD133− cells improve renal function and promote renal regeneration to a similar degree. However, this was not associated with engraftment of the cells into the kidneys. Instead, after IV administration, both cell types were exclusively located in the lungs, and had disappeared by 24 hours. Our data therefore indicate that renal repair is not mediated by CD133+ cells homing to the kidneys and generating specialized renal cells. Instead, renal repair is likely to be mediated by paracrine or endocrine factors.
What Constitutes Contemporary Corporate Water Accounting? A Review from a Management Perspective
Authors: Christ Katherine L. , Burritt Roger L.
Published: April 2017

With growing recognition that management and measurement of water risks and opportunities are of ongoing concern to business, corporate water accounting has emerged as an innovation for corporate strategy and action. However, there is little prior research available for those looking for guidance in water accounting. The paper addresses this situation through a literature review, which identifies and discusses five key elements from the dispersed water accounting literature: level of analysis, type of data, timeframe, categorization and evaluation of water risks, and transdisciplinarity. Through these elements a framework for effective corporate water accounting is revealed, important internal and external relationships highlighted and guidance about the elements of this innovation provided for academics, practitioners and policy‐makers such that water threat can be converted to water opportunity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Undocumented Students and Strategic Enrollment Management: Guidance and Considerations for Finance, Policy, and Inclusive Practice
Authors: Serna Gabriel R.
Published: April 2017

This article addresses concerns related to college going and access for undocumented students related to the strategic enrollment management (SEM) function on college and university campuses. Utilizing theory and research related to college choice, SEM, and undocumented student issues, this review seeks to identify a set of guidelines aimed at helping SEM leaders and practitioners better serve undocumented students through the college choice process by highlighting considerations associated with finance, policy, and inclusive practice. Applying broad lessons from research to practice, the primary aim of this article is to better enable SEM professionals, some of whom may have little experience working with undocumented students, to better serve this population and the underlying goals of equity, access, and diversity.
Biomimetic superhydrophobic UHMWPE/nanosilica films with different sticky behavior on several metals
Authors: Wang Hongling , Wang Yunxia , Sun Chufeng , Wang Yanbin , Su Qiong , Wang Jianzhang , Yan Fengyuan
Published: April 2017

A kind of organic–inorganic composite film with biomimetic superhydrophobic performance was prepared on several metals including steel, aluminum, and copper. The organic matrix was ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and the inorganic filler was nanosilica. Scanning electron microscope observation indicated addition of nanosilica greatly changed the topography of the UHMWPE film. Special convexities were formed on the surfaces of the composite films, which made the composite films rougher than that of pure UHMWPE film. The nanosilica randomly scattered on the surface of the convexities and formed hierarchical structure similar to that of some plant leaves with superhydrophobic characteristics. Interestingly, it was found that there were remarkable differences between the sliding angles (SA) of water droplet on the composite films on different metals although the contact angles (CA) of water droplet on these films were quite close. The CA on the composite films on steel was about 157°, and the SA was larger than 90°, which demonstrated obvious superhydrophobic and sticky characteristic. But to the films on aluminum and copper, the CAs on them were larger than 160° and the SAs were between 3° and 4°, which meant excellent superhydrophobic and roll‐off performance. Scanning electron microscope observation indicated that there were some micro‐orifices in the film on steel and these micro‐orifices were connected to some extent. It was believed that these micro‐orifices provided capillary force and restrained sliding of water droplet. A sticky model based on capillary mechanism was proposed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed models, linear dependency, and identification in age‐period‐cohort models
Authors: O'Brien Robert M.
Published: April 2017

This paper examines the identification problem in age‐period‐cohort models that use either linear or categorically coded ages, periods, and cohorts or combinations of these parameterizations. These models are not identified using the traditional fixed effect regression model approach because of a linear dependency between the ages, periods, and cohorts. However, these models can be identified if the researcher introduces a single just identifying constraint on the model coefficients. The problem with such constraints is that the results can differ substantially depending on the constraint chosen. Somewhat surprisingly, age‐period‐cohort models that specify one or more of ages and/or periods and/or cohorts as random effects are identified. This is the case without introducing an additional constraint. I label this identification as statistical model identification and show how statistical model identification comes about in mixed models and why which effects are treated as fixed and which are treated as random can substantially change the estimates of the age, period, and cohort effects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selenium‐Graded Sb2(S1−xSex)3 for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cell Delivering a Certified Power Conversion Efficiency of 5.71%
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Jianmin , Jiang Guoshun , Liu Weifeng , Yang Shangfeng , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao
Published: April 2017

To efficiently convert solar energy into electricity at low cost with long‐term stability is one of the major tasks in solar cell research and applications. Antimony sulfide‐selenide [Sb2(S1−xSex)3] with a tunable bandgap in the range of 1.1–1.8 eV are considered promising photovoltaic materials due to their low‐toxicity, long‐term durability, and abundant element availability. Herein, selenium‐graded Sb2(S1−xSex)3 is synthesized through diffusion controlled solid‐state reaction between selenium and pre‐formed Sb2S3 film. In the device, sulfur‐rich Sb2(S1−xSex)3 with large bandgap leads to high voltage output, while narrow‐bandgap selenium‐rich Sb2(S1−xSex)3 expands spectral response toward longer wavelength. As a consequence, the device yields an open‐circuit voltage comparable to Sb2S3 solar cell, along with a significantly enhanced photocurrent density of 19.43 mA cm−2, finally delivering a certified power conversion efficiency of 5.71%, which is the highest certified value in planar heterojunction solar cells based on Sb2(S1−xSex)3. Initial stability examination shows that the device can maintain 88% efficiency after storing for 90 days in moderate humidity and ambient light irradiation. This investigation offers an effective strategy to the fabrication of composition‐graded Sb2(S1−xSex)3 for long‐term stable devices. The methodology may be extended for the fabrication of a broad class of composition‐graded metal sulfide/selenide for solar cell performance enhancement.
Gas Correction Factors for Vacuum Pressure Gauges
Authors: Grinham Rebecca , Chew Andrew
Published: April 2017

Vacuum pressure gauges will typically arrive from a manufacturer calibrated for nitrogen; for other gases, to avoid potentially significant measurement errors, a correction factor must be used to convert ‘measured’ or ‘indicated’ pressure to ‘true’ pressure. The correction factors used are influenced by a large number of factors and these vary with gauge type. In this article the factors leading to varying gauge sensitivity with different gases are examined and values for correction factors provided by manufacturers and in literature are presented.
Plasmaprozesse für 3D‐Formteile
Authors: Cord Bernhard , Klostermann Heidrun , Wurczinger Dieter
Published: April 2017

Plasma‐ und Vakuumbeschichtungstechniken haben heute Einzug in nahezu allen Bereichen unseres Lebens gehalten. So ist heute die Mikroelektronik, jeder Flachbildschirm, Wärmedämmscheiben, die Solartechnik, DVD's oder Blu‐ray Disc's, Werkzeuge, optische Komponenten und vieles mehr, nicht mehr ohne Plasmabeschichtung denkbar. Ein wesentlicher Qualitätsaspekt ist die Erzielung der gewünschten Eigenschaft mit hoher Gleichmäßigkeit auf den beanspruchten Oberflächen. Für planare oder leicht gekrümmte Oberflächen ist dies mit angepassten Plasmaquellen gut zu erreichen. Wenn jedoch 3D‐Formteile zu behandeln sind, steigt der Aufwand für eine gleichmäßige Behandlung und erfordert angepasste, teils komplexe Bewegungsregime der Teile während der Behandlung. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird an einigen Beispielen die Plasmavorbehandlung und Plasmabeschichtung von 3D‐Bauteilen mittels unterschiedlicher Verfahren vorgestellt.
Energieeffiziente Vakuumversorgung bei der Lebensmittelverpackung
Authors: Merkle Uli
Published: April 2017

Möglichst energieeffizient Vakuum für die Verpackung von frischen Lebensmitteln zu erzeugen, ist das Ziel von Lebensmittelproduzenten. Der Artikel zeigt auf, dass es nicht ausreicht, den Energieverbrauch einzelner Vakuumpumpen zu vergleichen, sondern dass der komplette Verpackungsprozess genauestens analysiert werden muss. Zum einen sollten Vakuumpumpen selbstverständlich mit energieeffizienten Antriebsmotoren ausgestattet sein, aber auch die Steuerung, die Kombination von Vakuumpumpen bis hin zur zentralen Vakuumversorgung sollten durchdacht werden. Auch Themen wie die Wärmeabfuhr, bzw. Wärmenutzung, sowie der Aufwand für die Klimatisierung der Produktionsräume haben gravierenden Einfluss auf die Energieeffizienz eines Verpackungsprozesses und müssen deshalb mitberücksichtigt werden.
Strategic approaches to teaching and learning development for art and design librarians
Authors: Appleton Leo , Staddon Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

At the University of the Arts London (UAL), Library Services and the University's educational development department have collaborated to ensure that teaching and learning development for its librarians is approached strategically and can be linked directly to the institutional teaching, learning and enhancement strategy. In doing so the librarians at UAL are provided with opportunities to develop pedagogic skills and techniques which acknowledge the arts education environment in which they are working and some of the specific differences which need to be considered when teaching art and design students. This paper presents some of the approaches and initiatives that have been deployed to achieve this.
Postcards from the edge: a journey of transition from art librarian to educational developer
Authors: McKie Annamarie
Published: April 2017

In reflecting upon my own transition from art librarian to academic developer, I can strongly relate to my library colleague's frustration in terms of espousing ‘what works’, with ‘earning the right to be heard’. We know we need to move beyond deficit models of learning support which are not practically, pedagogically or ethically supportable. But, we are compromised in this quest by traditional perceptions of the librarian and academic developer role, which do not always position us as equal with our academic partners or as a key partner in the student learning process.
Metaliteracies, creative practitioners and art libraries: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Chappell Duncan
Published: April 2017

How do artists, designers, architects and craftspeople seek and deploy information in support of their practice? It is a question that is of central importance to the learning and teaching that art libraries provide, yet one that has also been subject to much debate within the historical and contemporary literature. An attentive reading of this literature reveals three fundamental metanarratives, each underpinned by a particular epistemology, and it is these narratives that have then informed how institutions construct, embed and assess the teaching of information skills to their readers. Only by critically evaluating the literature is it possible to resituate our own practice and that of our respective institutions within a paradigm that is most appropriate for our particular contexts. It is also possible to identify gaps in our collective professional understanding, in the hope of signposting avenues of research potential for the future.
Learning to look critically: teaching and learning visual literacy in art and design librarianship
Authors: Meeks Amanda
Published: April 2017

Teaching and learning visual literacy within art and design librarianship presents several unique challenges. Librarians are better equipped than ever to meet these challenges with the help of ACRL Visual Literacy Competency Standards and the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education, which provides an exciting opportunity to situate visual literacy within the contextual definition of information literacy for art and design students. In mapping these two documents together the author found several ways to address the more critical components of information and visual literacy in more nuanced and meaningful ways. While art librarians have often addressed visual literacy needs to varying degrees and in creative and practical ways, a more systematic approach is needed as we move forward.
Process or Candidate: The International Community and the Demand for Electoral Integrity
Authors: BUBECK JOHANNES , MARINOV NIKOLAY
Published: April 2017

Why do outside powers intervene in other countries’ elections? We distinguish between two types of electoral interventions: interventions in favor of the democratic process and interventions in favor of particular candidates and parties. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, outside powers often simultaneously pursue interventions of both types. Using a formal model of elections with bias, we argue that outside powers will always invest some resources in particular candidates, if they care about the differences in their proposed policies. Spending on the electoral process is driven by liberalism concerns and geopolitical interests. In some cases, liberal powers might decrease their amount of support for the electoral process if this engagement works against their favored candidate. We also consider the case of “election wars.” These occur when two outside powers simultaneously intervene on different sides of an election. Some of the observable implications of the model are briefly demonstrated using a new and original dataset.
Terrain Correlation Correction Method for AUV Seabed Terrain Mapping
Authors: Li Ye , Ma Teng , Wang Rupeng , Chen Pengyun , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2017

A method is proposed for improving the accuracy and self-consistency of bathymetric maps built using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to create precise prior maps for Terrain-Aided Navigation (TAN), when the Global Positioning System (GPS) or another precise location method is unavailable. This method consists of front-end and back-end. For the front-end, the AUV predicts the measurement of the bathymetry system through Terrain Elevation Measurement Extrapolation Estimation (TEMEE) and calculates the likelihood function using real measurements. After the final Inertial Navigation System (INS) error is obtained by communicating with sensor nodes, the process enters the back-end. A Terrain Correlation Correction Method (TCCM) and an Improved Terrain Correlation Correction Method (ITCCM) are proposed to solve the gradual distribution of the final INS error to each point on a path, and the accuracy of ITCCM was confirmed experimentally. Finally, a TAN simulation experiment was conducted to prove the importance and necessity of map correction using ITCCM. ITCCM was proven to be an effective and important method for correcting maps built using an AUV.
Finiteness and rational sequences, constructively
Authors: UUSTALU TARMO , VELTRI NICCOLÒ
Published: April 2017

Rational sequences are possibly infinite sequences with a finite number of distinct suffixes. In this paper, we present different implementations of rational sequences in Martin–Löf type theory. First, we literally translate the above definition of rational sequence into the language of type theory, i.e., we construct predicates on possibly infinite sequences expressing the finiteness of the set of suffixes. In type theory, there exist several inequivalent notions of finiteness. We consider two of them, listability and Noetherianness, and show that in the implementation of rational sequences the two notions are interchangeable. Then we introduce the type of lists with backpointers, which is an inductive implementation of rational sequences. Lists with backpointers can be unwound into rational sequences, and rational sequences can be truncated into lists with backpointers. As an example, we see how to convert the fractional representation of a rational number into its decimal representation and vice versa.
Evaluation of myocardial deformation in patients with Kawasaki disease using speckle-tracking echocardiography during mid-term follow-up
Authors: Dedeoglu Reyhan , Barut Kenan , Oztunc Funda , Atik Sezen , Adrovic Amra , Sahin Sezgin , Cengiz Dicle , Kasapcopur Ozgur
Published: April 2017

Speckle-tracking echocardiography is a recently developed technique for the evaluation of myocardial deformation or strain. Our objective was to examine strain through a mid-term follow-up of patients with Kawasaki disease.

Methods

We explored left ventricular mechanics using speckle-tracking echocardiography in 35 patients with a history of Kawasaki disease at least 6 months after the acute phase. We also included 30 healthy children as controls. Strain data sets were acquired for the quantification of left ventricular global strain, segmental strain, and left ventricular ejection fraction.

Results

The mean age of our patients was 25.6±15.4 months. At a median follow-up of 57.5 months (16.5–98.2), although both values were in the normal range, the mean left ventricular ejection proportion of patients (57.3%) was a little lower than that of controls (p⩽0.05). Patient strain values at the basal inferoseptal (20.0), basal anterolateral (19.5), apical septal (23.3), and apical inferior (24.0) segments were lower compared with controls. In all, seven patients had coronary aneurysms during follow-up. Kawasaki disease patients with pyuria had lower left ventricular strain at the mid anterior, mid anteroseptal, apical anterior, and apical inferior segments and global longitudinal strain compared with patients with no pyuria (p⩽0.05).

Conclusion

In children with a history of Kawasaki disease, impairment of left ventricular mechanics occurs especially within the left anterior descending artery territories.
Perceptions and behaviours towards high body weight among adults in Northeast China
Authors: Gao Chunshi , Lv Xin , Yin Yutian , Song Yuanyuan , Zhang Peng , Wang Rui , Jiang Lingling , Wang Yuhan , Yu Yaqin , Li Bo
Published: April 2017

Objective

To determine the prevalence of high weight at different characteristics, understand the perceptions and behaviours towards high body weight, and determine potential influencing factors of body weight misperception among high-weight adults in Jilin Province.

Design

A cross-sectional survey with complex sampling design was conducted. We described the prevalence and perception of high body weight.

Setting

Northeast China in 2012.

Subjects

Adults (n20 552) aged 18–79 years.

Results

Of overweight individuals, 37·4 % considered themselves as ‘normal weight’, 4·8 % reported themselves as being ‘very thin’ and only 53·1 % were aware of their own weight being ‘overweight’. About 1·8 % of both male and female obese individuals perceived themselves as ‘very thin’. Only 29·1 % of obese people thought of themselves as ‘too fat’. Nearly 30·0 % of centrally obese men and women perceived that their waist circumference was about right and they were of ‘normal weight’; 5·7 % of the centrally obese even perceived themselves as being ‘very thin’. Only 51·8 and 12·5 % of centrally obese individuals reported themselves to be ‘overweight’ or ‘too fat’. Body weight misperception was more common in rural residents (OR; 95 % CI: 1·340; 1·191, 1·509). The prevalence of body weight misperception increased with age (middle age: 1·826; 1·605, 2·078; old people: 3·101; 2·648, 3·632) and declined with increased education level (junior middle school: 0·628; 0·545, 0·723; senior middle school: 0·498; 0·426, 0·583; undergraduate and above: 0·395; 0·320, 0·487).

Conclusions

Body weight misperception was common among adults from Jilin Province.
DEMOCRATIC TENDENCIES: LIBERAL PROTESTANTISM AND THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN PLURALISM
Authors: RASMUSSEN JOEL D. S.
Published: April 2017

In a recent collection of essays assessing the thought of William James in transatlantic perspective, Berkeley historian emeritus David Hollinger opened his contribution by recounting two memorable exchanges:

The sermon at William James's funeral on 30 August 1910 was preached by the Reverend George A. Gordon, a name recognized today only by religious history specialists, but in 1910 a pulpiteer so prominent that he was sometimes described as “the Matterhorn of the Protestant Alps” . . . Gordon, a close friend of James, was the minister of Boston's Old South Congregational Church. When the great philosopher died on 26 August, his widow immediately selected Gordon to perform the service. Mrs. James made clear to Gordon why she wanted him. You are “a man of faith,” which “is what [William] was.” About this she was firm, apprising Gordon that she wanted at this funeral service “no hesitation or diluted utterance” in speaking about faith.

Mrs. James had good reason to say these things. Her late husband had been candid about his feelings of spiritual solidarity with Gordon. “You and I seem to be working . . . towards the same end (the Kingdom of Heaven, namely),” James had written to his clergyman friend not long before, although [he claimed Gordon did] this “more openly and immediately” than [he did].