bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Pelaporan Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) oleh Apoteker di Beberapa Rumah Sakit di Surabaya
Authors: Musdar Tamzil Azizi , Nadhafi Muhammad Thariq , Lestiono Lestiono , Lichijati Lichijati , Athiyah Umi , Nita Yunita
Published: July 2021

Permasalahan kurangnya pelaporan ADRs sudah berjalan lama diseluruh dunia. Partisipasi apoteker dalam pelaporan ADRs diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi praktik pelaporan ADRs oleh apoteker yang bekerja di beberapa rumah sakit di wilayah Surabaya. Penelitian ini adalah studi cross sectional. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh apoteker yang bekerja di tiga rumah sakit di Surabaya. Kriteria rumah sakit adalah yang pernah mengirimkan laporan ADRs kepada Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Indonesia. Sejumlah 49 apoteker berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan daftar pertanyaan wawancara. Kuesioner yang digunakan sebelumnya telah melalui pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas. Kuesioner terdiri dari pernyataan-pernyataan meliputi demografi responden, pengetahuan, sikap, akses sarana, lingkungan (perilaku tenaga kesehatan lain), dan praktik yang berkaitan dengan pelaporan ADRs. Pada lembar wawancara berisi pernyataan-pernyataan meliputi ketersediaan sarana dan kebijakan/peraturan terkait pelaporan ADRs. Pada uji pengaruh menggunakan regresi linear berganda diperoleh variabel pengetahuan (p=0,036), dan variabel ketersediaan dan akses sarana pelaporan ADRs (p=0,002) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap praktik pelaporan ADRs. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pengetahuan dan ketersediaan dan akses sarana merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap praktik pelaporan ADRs oleh apoteker di rumah sakit.
Osteochondral Shearing Fracture of the Humeral Head Associated with Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Spross Christian , Farei-Campagna Jan M. , Gerhard Pascal , Jost Bernhard , Yates Piers J. , Lam Li-On
Published: July 2021

Case:

Osteochondral shearing fracture of the humeral head after an anterior shoulder dislocation is a condition that has rarely been reported in literature. We report a case of a large posteriorly located fragment of such a fracture in a 23-year-old man. We performed open reduction and internal fixation with resorbable pins through a deltopectoral approach and subscapularis tenotomy.

Conclusion:

In our case of a large osteochondral fracture of the posterior humeral head, treatment by open reduction and internal fixation showed an excellent radiographic result at 1 year and clinical result up to 5 years postoperatively.
Analisa Isolasi Pipa Generator Mesin Stirling Tipe Alpha Sudut Fasa 180°
Authors: Dhimas Satria  , Rina Lusiani  , Erny Listijorini  , Aswata
Published: July 2021

This research is a development of previous research, where in the previous research, a design innovation was carried out on an alpha-type stirling engine by making the phase angle to 180o, with the aim of reducing the effect when the cold cylinder is compressed, because the phase angle currently used is (90o) with disadvantages, namely the cold cylinder is perpendicular to the top, so that the compression process against gravity. But in previous studies, the generator pipe was too long, causing a lot of energy or heat loss (heat loss) so that the compression speed was small. So that in the research, innovated and analyzed the pipe insulation of alpha-type stirling engine generators, alpha-type stirling engines, 180o phase angle. The research method used is to use the thermodynamic approach with Schmidt theory and the theory of the ideal cycle stirling engine. while the simulation is done using the Ideal Stirling Cycle Calculator. Results investigated shows that providing insulation on the generator pipes of an alpha-type stirling engine for an alpha-type stirling engine with a 180o phase angle is proven to reduce a lot of energy or heat loss (heat loss) due to too long generator pipes, with a heat loss value ratio of 226.66 W for the pipe. generator that uses insulation whose value is smaller than the value of the heat loss when the generator pipe without using isocation is 1,584.12 W.
THE EVALUATION OF AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill.) MATURITY LEVEL USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Aprilliani Fenny , Atmiasih Dheni , Ristiono Andika
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the maturity level of avocado and color changes using simple device such as smartphone camera. Avocado with 3 different maturity level A1:<80%, A2:80-85%, and A3:>85% were collected from local farmer in Bandungan, Central Java. The quality evaluation was carried out on 99 avocado (weight of 366±16 g) which included the evaluation of mass loss (%), firmness (kg/mm2), total soluble solids (°brix), and color changes (picture of fruit were taken using smartphone camera and analyzed using Photoshop CC 2019 from Adobe and converted into HSI values). The data were analyzed using two-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with factor design are the level of maturity and storage time of the avocado. The results indicated that the maturity level were significantly different (p≤0.05) for mass loss, firmness and total soluble solids (TSS) of avocado during storage. The relationship between maturity level and color changes shows the MAPE (mean absolute percent error) value for hue, saturation, intensity ranges between 3,31-6,11%; 11,12-15,79%, and 6,10-6,49% with the light intensity of 527,77 lux. The results indicate that the image processing on smartphone camera is able to describe the level of maturity based on the color changes of avocado during storage with the same treatment conditions.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SORGUM MUFFIN (Sorghum bicolor) OF KD 4 VARIETY WITH SOAKING GRAIN AND SORGUM FLOUR CONCENTRATION TREATMENT
Authors: Yustina Ita , Nurhasanah Ana , Antarlina SS.
Published: July 2021

By processing sorghum grains into flour, the use of sorghum grains to support food diversification can be made more varied. The research objective was to determine the physical and chemical properties of sorghum muffins and changes of physical properties of sorghum muffins during storage. The research uses a completely randomized design with two factor, grain soaking duration (hours) and ratio of concentration of whole sorghum flours with gluten flour (%) and consists of nine treatments combination. The result shows that treatment has a significant effect on the power expansion, degree of brightness, fat, and preference for organoleptic properties. The best treatment was 24-hours of soaking, 25% whole sorghum flour, 75% gluten flour that produces expanded power at 138,83%, degree of brightness (L) at 67.03, redness (a) at +4.33, yellowness (b) at +27.37, water content of 12.59%, protein content of 6.95%, fat content of 2.46%, score of color at 3.20, texture score at 3.13, aroma score at 3.16, taste score at 3.24, and for overall acceptance at 3.53 (like). Changes of physical properties of sorghum muffins during storage for 3 days can be explained with the linear equation. For all parameter (weight loss, volume loss, brightness loss), the value of constant a in the equation of sorghum muffin was lower than control muffin that indicated quality loss of sorghum muffins is higher than control muffin. Increasing the concentration of sorghum flour resulted a decrease in the quality of the muffins. The soaking treatment of the seeds in making sorghum flour can maintain the quality of the muffin.
СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОЕ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ: ОПЫТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: БУНЬКО С.
Published: July 2021

В статье выполнен анализ опыта разработки проектов стратегий белорусскими регионами. Особое внимание уделено целеполаганию и участию в этом процессе местного сообщества, что позволило
сформулировать рекомендации для более эффективной реализации данного этапа стратегического планирования.
СПЕЦИФИКА СОВРЕМЕННОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ДИСКУРСА КАК КАТЕГОРИИ
Authors: СОЛОДОВНИКОВА Т.
Published: July 2021

В статье изложены теоретические подходы к определению современного экономического дискурса. Впервые экономический дискурс определен как универсальная категория, установлены его основные
характеристики: идеологическая направленность, открытость, нелинейность, неустойчивость. Ключевые слова: экономический дискурс, экономическая теория, экономический рост, категория, идеологическая направленность, открытость, нелинейность, неустойчивость.
ОСНОВЫ ТЕОРИИ ПОИСКА РЕНТЫ
Authors: ЯНОВИЧ П.
Published: July 2021

Различные трактовки ренты выделяют разные аспекты этой экономической категории. Первоначально категория рента рассматривалась как элемент микроэкономической теории. Затем теория ренты приобрела характер макроэкономической теории. В настоящее время существуют несколько подходов, определяющих природу рентных отношений. При этом необходимо рассматривать в совокупности рентные отношения и поиск прибыли.
El envejecimiento demográfico de las áreas urbanas españolas (2002–2017)
Authors: Montoro-Gurich Carolina , Pons Izquierdo Juan José
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo analiza y representa cartográficamente en cuatro momentos temporales (2002, 2007, 2012 y 2017) el envejecimiento de las áreas urbanas españolas y su relación con el envejecimiento de la provincia en la que están situadas. También se definen cuatro modelos de envejecimiento según la relación entre la intensidad del envejecimiento en 2020 y la tasa de variación del período completo. La Estadística del Padrón Continuo se emplea para el cálculo del porcentaje de población de 65 y más años –indicador de envejecimiento– y el de 80 y más años –de sobrenvejecimiento–. La delimitación del espacio urbano elegida es la del Atlas Estadístico de las Áreas Urbanas en España. Como principales conclusiones, (1) se han reducido los contrastes del envejecimiento entre el mundo urbano y el mundo rural, mientras que han aumentado los del sobrenvejecimiento a favor del mundo rural; (2) los contrastes más acusados los encontramos entre la mayoría de las áreas urbanas del noroeste español, con niveles altos y ritmo rápido de envejecimiento, frente a las áreas urbanas del litoral mediterráneo y andaluz, con niveles y ritmos más lentos de envejecimiento.
Chip-Based Chiral 3D Metamaterial with Functional Core-Shell Architecture for Femtomolar Biodetection
Authors: Manoccio Mariachiara , Esposito Marco , Primiceri Elisabetta , Leo Angelo , Tasco Vittorianna , Cuscunà Massimo , Zuev Dmitry , Sun Yali , Maruccio Giuseppe , Romano Alessandro , Quattrini Angelo , Gigli Giuseppe , Passaseo Adriana
Published: July 2021

Advanced sensing tools capable to detect extremely low concentrations of circulating biomarkers can open unexplored routes towards early diagnostics of diseases and their progression monitoring. Plasmonic sensors are an emerging technology enabling different optical effects that can be used as molecular tracking solutions. Here we demonstrate the sensing capabilities of a chip-based metamaterial, combining the 3D chiral geometry with an optically functional core-shell architecture. The sensor can be easily handled and exhibits reliability and stability during the whole functionalization and analytical procedure thanks to the on-chip format. The system shows a linear shift of circular dichroism spectrum upon interaction with different concentrations of TAR DNA-binding protein TDP-43, a clinically relevant biomarker for neurodegenerative disease screening. The measurements were performed in spiked solution as well as in human serum, with concentrations from 1pM down to 10fM, a range not accessible with commonly used immunological assays and that can thus open new perspectives for disease knowledge and early diagnostics.
Feasibility of The Use of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) As An Adjunct To Cytology To Suggest Thyroid Malignancy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Tiwari Pawan Kumar , Varghese Biju , KK Arunjeet , Rao Pankaj P , Routh Dronacharya
Published: July 2021

Background: Inflammation is known to be associated with cancer development and progression. NLR is a simple and efficient marker of inflammation in numerous malignancies. Aim: The study aimed to investigate usefulness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an adjunct to Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to suggest thyroid malignancy confirmed by histopathological report post operatively in Bethesda class III, IV & V.Methods: Prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital over 2 years.Results: NLR in the benign group and malignant group were 1.75+0.23 and 2.19+0.29 (mean + SD) respectively (p-value <0.001). Area under ROC curve plotted was 0.823 (p-value <0.001), with recommended cut-off of 1.9. Relatively high sensitivity and specificity at 87.5 % and 82.5% implies excellent diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion: NLR with a value of 1.9 or higher is recommended as predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodule.
Nanostructure Lipid Carriers Enhance Alpha-Mangostin Neuroprotective Efficacy In Mice With Rotenone-Induced Neurodegeneration
Authors: Sakamula Romkase , Yata Teerapong , Thong-asa Wachiryah
Published: July 2021

Neurodegenerative disease, for instance, Parkinson’s disease (PD), is associated with substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal loss with subsequent striatal dopamine reduction, leading to motor deficits. Currently, there is no available effective therapy for PD; thus, novel therapeutic agents such as natural antioxidants with neuroprotective effects are emerging. Alpha-mangostin (αM) is a xanthone derivative compound from mangosteen peel with a cytoprotective effect depicted in neurodegenerative disease models. However, αM has low aqueous solubility and low biodistribution in the brain. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been used to encapsulate bioactive compounds delivered to target organs to improve the oral bioavailability and effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of αM and αM encapsulated in NLC (αM-NLC) in mice with rotenone-induced PD-like neurodegeneration. Forty male ICR mice were divided into normal, PD, PD+αM, and PD+ αM-NLC groups. Vehicle, αM (25 mg/kg/48 h), and αM-NLC (25 mg/kg/48 h) were orally administered, along with PD induction by intraperitoneal injection of rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/48 h) for 4 consecutive weeks. Motor abilities were assessed once a week using rotarod and hanging wire tests. Biochemical analysis of brain oxidative status was conducted, and neuronal populations in substantia nigra par compacta (SNc), striatum, and motor cortex were evaluated using Nissl staining. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining of SNc and striatum was also evaluated. Results showed that rotenone significantly induced motor deficits concurrent with significant SNc, striatum, and motor cortex neuronal reduction and significantly decreased TH intensity in SNc (p < 0.05). The significant reduction of brain superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05) was also detected. Administrations of αM and αM-NLC significantly reduced motor deficits, prevented the reduction of TH intensity in SNc and striatum, and prevented the reduction of neurons in SNc (p < 0.05). Only αM-NLC significantly prevented the reduction of neurons in both striatum and motor cortex (p < 0.05). These were found concurrent with significantly reduced malondialdehyde level and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study depicted the neuroprotective effect of αM and αM-NLC against rotenone-induced PD-like neurodegeneration in mice. We indicated an involvement of NLC, emphasizing the protective effect of αM against oxidative stress. Moreover, αM-NLC exhibited broad protection against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration that was not limited to nigrostriatal structures and emphasized the benefit of NLC in enhancing αM neuroprotective effects.
Pregnancy After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG): The Effect of Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) On Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: SANCAK Seda , ÇELER Özgen , ÇIRAK ELİF , ÖZDEMİR ALİ , OKUROĞLU NALAN , BULUT NURİYE ESEN , FERSAHOĞLU MEHMET MAHİR , KARİP AZİZ BORA , AYDIN MEHMET TİMUÇİN , ÇİĞİLTEPE HÜSEYİN , ALTUN HASAN , MEMİŞOĞLU KEMAL
Published: July 2021

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the effect of gestational weight gain (GWG) according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on maternal and fetal outcomes.Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational study on the medical charts of pregnant women who had previously undergone LSG between 2012 and 2020. According to IOM, GWG was grouped as insufficient, appropriate, and excessive.Results: 82 pregnancies were included in this study. GWG was appropriate in 19 of the pregnancies (23%) and was insufficient in 18 (22%) and excessive in 45 (55%) of the cases. The time from operation till conception of excessive group is significantly longer than insufficient and appropriate group (p1:0.000; p2:0.029; p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding birthweight, gestational age, cesarean deliveries (CD), preterm birth, whether their child was small or large for their gestational age. There was no difference between mean hemoglobin, anemia, low ferritin level and ferritin level at early pregnancy and predelivery between groups (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the time from operation till conception, birthweight and gestational age. There was no significant correlation between body mass index (BMI) at conception, birthweight and gestational age. There was no significant correlation between early and predelivery ferritin and hemoglobin and birthweight and gestational age. There was no correlation between mean GWG and mean BMI at conception between birthweight in either study group. Conclusion: The gestational weight gain (GWG) did not impact maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Chlorophyll-a Concentration From MODIS Data Inversion in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River, China
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Dou Ming , Xia Rui , Li Guiqiu , Shen Lisha
Published: July 2021

The global construction of water projects has led to a clear trend of river and lake reservoir formation, spurring increasingly serious ecological environmental deterioration, especially that caused by the frequent occurrence of water blooms. Because of monitoring technology limitations, monitoring the algae content index in water has lagged behind the conventional water quality index, which makes sample monitoring too sparse in many rivers and the monitoring data incoherent, so it cannot truly reflect the evolution of water eutrophication. With moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data monitoring, continuous chlorophyll-a observation data can be collected effectively. This method has important guiding significance for the early warning and control of water blooms. This study considers the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River in China, based on the current remote sensing communication technology, MODIS remote sensing data, and statistical methods and measured chlorophyll-a concentration correlation analysis. Through the use of the trial and error method to establish the band ratio model and BP neural network model, two types of model errors were compared to determine the optimal algorithm settings for the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River chlorophyll-a inversion. Subsequently, the algorithm model for 2000 to 2011 in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River chlorophyll-a concentration inversion and the results of the inversion analysis of spatiotemporal evolution characteristics we used to determine the influence of various environmental factors on the chlorophyll-a concentration change.
Adapting Supportive Care Guidelines from High-income Countries; Real World Data on Approach to Neutropenic Sepsis in Haemato-Oncology Patients in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hewamana Saman , Skandarajah Thurairajah , Jayasinghe Chathuri , Deshapriya Samadhi , Senarathna Dhananjani , Gayashan Dilip , Peiris Natasha , Perera Eranga , Harischandra Mahesh , Somiah Surjit , Munasinghe Nihal , Hewawasam Sangeetha , Arseculeratne Gehan , Wadanamby Rohini , Galagoda Geethani , Balawardena Jayantha
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSepsis is the main cause of non-relapse mortality and there are no published data on applicability of supportive care protocols from high-income countries in Sri Lanka. The aim of the study was to investigate management and mortality of neutropenic episodes among Haemato-Oncology patients. MethodsWe analysed retrospectively clinical characteristics, management, morbidity and mortality of neutropenic adult Haemato-Oncology patients from 01.01.2019 to 31.12.2019. ResultsA total of 169 neutropenic episodes were identified; 115 (68%) of such episodes were related to chemotherapy. Acute leukaemia, Lymphoproliferative disorders and Plasma cell disorders accounted for 23%, 69% and 8% of patients respectively. The median age of patients who had sepsis was 56 while that of those who had no sepsis was 53 (p-value 0.49). Median time to neutropenia was 9 days for those in the sepsis group compared to 8 days in the group that had no sepsis (0.64). Median neutrophil count in the group who had sepsis was 0.06 while it was 0.69 in the group that had no sepsis (p-value 0.000). Median time to commencement of antibiotics was 20 minutes. There were no deaths in the group of chemotherapy induced neutropenic sepsis. ConclusionThis is the only documented study relating to outcome and successful applicability of western supportive care protocols to Sri Lankan patients with neutropenia. In this study we have shown that survival data comparable to developed countries can be achieved in the setting of limited resources with service development, following guidelines and staff training.
Cell Tracking of Adult Neural Stem Cells From The Subependymal Zone In Vitro Reveals Cell Type-Specific Impacts On Cell Cycle Progression By The Extracellular Matrix Molecule Tenascin-C
Authors: Schaberg Elena , Götz Magdalena , Faissner Andreas
Published: July 2021

Adult neurogenesis has been described in two canonical regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS) of rodents, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ) of the lateral ventricles. The stem cell niche of the SEZ provides a privileged environment composed of a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that comprises the glycoproteins tenascin-C (Tnc) and laminin-1 (LN1). In the present study, we investigated the function of these ECM glycoproteins in the adult stem cell niche. Adult neural stem cells (aNSPCs) of the SEZ were prepared from wildtype (Tnc+/+) and Tnc knockout (Tnc-/-) mice and analyzed using molecular and cell biological approaches. A delayed maturation of aNSPCs in Tnc-/- tissue was reflected by a reduced capacity to form neurospheres in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). In order to examine a potential influence of the ECM on cell proliferation, aNSPCs of both genotypes were studied by cell tracking using digital video microscopy. aNSPCs were cultivated on three different substrates, namely poly-D-Lysine (PDL) and PDL replenished with either LN1 or Tnc for up to six days in vitro. On each of the three substrates aNSPCs displayed lineage trees that could be investigated with regard to cell cycle length. The latter appeared reduced in Tnc-/- aNSPCs on PDL and LN1 substrates, less so on Tnc that seemed to compensate the absence of the ECM compound to some extent. Close inspection of the lineage trees revealed a subpopulation of late dividing aNSPCslate that engaged into cycling after a notable delay. aNSPCslate exhibited a clearly different morphology, with a larger cell body and conspicuous processes. aNSPCslate reiterated the reduction in cell cycle length on all substrates tested, which was not rescued on Tnc substrates. When the migratory activity of aNSPC-derived progeny was determined, Tnc-/- neuroblasts displayed significantly longer migration tracks. This was traced to an increased rate of migration episodes compared to the wildtype cells that rested for longer time periods. We conclude that Tnc intervenes in the proliferation of aNSPCs and modulates the motility of neuroblasts in the niche of the SEZ.
An Ultrahigh Narrowband Absorber Close to the Information Communication Window
Authors: Ali Wajid , Iqbal Shahid , Ullah Muhib , Wang Xiaoli
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we demonstrate a plasmonic ultrahigh narrowband perfect absorber, which realizes an absorption intensity of up to 99.99% in the near-infrared electromagnetic spectrum regime. Different dimensional effects on absorption properties are studied using computer simulation technology (CST) with finite element method (FEM) solver. For both transverse electric (TE) and magnetic (TM) polarization, the absorber shows high stability over a wide range of incident angles. This ultrahigh absorption is attributed to synergy effect of magnetic resonance and surface plasmon resonance. Furthermore, the sensitivity goes to 300 nm/RIU for various refractive indices of different analytes. Our proposed absorber working wavelength is very close to the communication window of information, therefore, except for remarkable sensing abilities, it can also be well utilized in optoelectronic applications like optical switching, amplifiers, and all-optical plasmonic modulators.
Insights Into the Proteomic Profile of Newly Harvested Corn and Metagenomic Analysis of the Broiler Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Yin Dafei , Wang Youli , Wang Liqun , Wu Yuqin , Bian Xiaoyi , Aggrey Samuel E. , Yuan Jianmin
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe use of newly harvested corn in feed causes wet droppings in broilers and increased feed cost which was termed as “new season grain problem”. The present study was conducted to evaluate the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and the subsequent influence on intestinal microbiol community for broiler chickens. MethodsNewly harvested corn stored for either half a month (HM) or two months (TM) was used, and the pasting properties, total soluble sugars, and proteomic analysis technology was used to explore the influence of storage on natural aging corn properties. Additionally, seventy-two 7d Ross 308 male broiler chicken were fed with different stored corn. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), digesta viscosity, intestinal morphology and microbiota were examined to explore the influence of feed corn storage on broiler chickens. ResultsPasting properties in the TM corn exhibited decreased viscoelastic properties. Proteomic studies found a total of 26 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two treatment groups. Proteins involved in starch and polysaccharides biosynthesis were upregulated in TM compared with HM. Chickens fed on TM diet had higher relative energy utilization compared to the HM birds. With increased corn storage, the relative digesta viscosity decreased significantly (P≤0.05). The total number of goblet cells and lymphocytes was lower in chickens fed the TM diet. The microbiota data showed that the TM chickens had decreased abundance of diarrheal bacteria such as Hungatella hathewayi and Bacteroides fragilis, and increased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes compared to the HM chickens. ConclusionsStorage of newly harvested corn induced the synthetic reaction of large molecules and changed the solubility of starch and protein with increasing soluble sugars and decreasing pasting properties that may improve the fermentation of intestinal microbiota, improve the energy utilization and protect gut health without the risk of diarrhea.
Bio-Electroreduction of Chromium (VI) using Immobilized Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on Conductive Microbial Cellulose Biocathode
Authors: Loloei Mahshid , Rezaee Abbas , Ghods Ghazaleh
Published: July 2021

The present study evaluated effect of conductive microbial cellulose (MC) biocathode as a carbohyrate biopolymer in hexavalent chromium bio-electroreduction using immobilized sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The morphology studies using SEM shows that the biofilm of SRB was formed a good density on the conductive microbial cellulose biocathode. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis revealed that the particle-size distribution in the conductive biocathode was 0.9 nm. The kinetic studies shows that the Cr (VI) removal process fallow of pseudo-first-order kinetics with a constant rate was 0.6 h− 1. The energy consumption of the bio-electroreduction system was 2.7×10− 2 kWh/m3. The EDXA spectrum of sediments showed the presence of chromium peak, indicating that Cr (VI) was reduced on the bio-resuction system. The obtained results indicate that proposed bio-electroreduction system using immobilized sulfate reducing bacteria on the conductive microbial cellulose biocathode could be an efficient method for chromium bio-reduction from wastewaters.
Morphological Traits Among the Enset (Ensete Ventricosum) Landraces and Cultural Use of the Landraces for the Livelihood of People in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tekalign Wondimagegnehu , Feleke Newarinesh
Published: July 2021

BackgroundEnsete ventricosum is an important food crop consumed in the form of Bulla and Kocho mainly used in the southern parts of Ethiopia for their sustainable livelihood and ensuring food security. Besides, it is used as animal feed, as well as a source of medicine and fiber. This study was undertaken on the morphological traits among the Enset (Ensete ventricosum) landraces and cultural use of the landraces for the livelihood of people in Mareka woreda, Dawro zone, southern Ethiopia. The study was carried out in purposively selected four kebeles of Mareka district’s Dawro zone.ResultsA total of 145 (20 purposively selected key informants and 125 randomly selected respondents) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews, and field observation was also used to collect ethnobotanical data. The morphological traits were measured according to IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) descriptors for Enset. The data were analyzed by using computer software SPSS v 16.0 as well as Excel 2010 spreadsheet. A total of 33 Enset landraces were identified from the study area. Farmers gave the name for their landraces based on the morphological trait and sources of planting material. Identified landraces were grouped into five clusters based on their morphological trait variability. Mean plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference, leaf size, and numbers have significant differences among clusters. Cluster number five had the highest mean in plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference and cluster number three had the lowest mean. The highest landrace richness was recorded from Ocha (3.18) while the lowest was from Guta (2.56). The most abundant landraces were Amiya, Hoeya, Boza, Yaka, Bothena, Ontha, Adinona, Shasha, and Keteriya in the Mareka district.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the Dawro zone is rich in diversity of Enset, however, reduction in production and loss of some landraces was observed because of different factors. Therefore, attention must be given to the conservation and maintenances of Enset landraces by all the concerned bodies.
Sustainable Repairing and Improvement of Concrete Properties Using Bacterial Consortium Isolated From Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Hala H. A. , Kalaba Mohamed H. A. , El-Sherbiny Gamal M.E. , Mostafa Abdelzaher E. A. , Ouf Mohamed E. A. , Tawhed Waleed M. F.
Published: July 2021

The small cracks in concrete constructions are inevitable due to deterioration during their service life throughout different load combination factors. In this study, we aimed to isolate, identify, and construct a bacterial consortium able to heal small cracks of concrete and enhance the different properties of concrete. Six isolates of bacillus, endospore-forming bacteria were isolated. There are only three isolates out of the six coded as NW-1, MK and NW-9 were showed the ability to produce urease enzyme and able to grow at 60°C with optimum growth at a temperature of 40°C. These isolates were survived in high pH, where isolate NW-1 was tolerated pH up to 11 with optimum growth at 10 while the isolates NW-9 and MK showed growth at pH 12 with an ideal growth at 10. CaCO3 production was observed by the three bacterial isolates whether in pure or mixed cultures (bacterial consortium) but the consortium consisting of MK and NW-9 was significantly the highest in productivity among them. Therefore, these two isolates were identified using 16s as Bacillus flexus MK-FYT-3 and Bacillus haynesii MK-NW-9 and deposited to GenBank under accession numbers MN965692 and MN965693 respectively. The effect of bacteria on some properties of concrete was studied, and the results showed that the compressive and tensile strengths of bio-concrete specimens were significantly increased by 31.29, 29 % after 7 days and 36.3, 39 % after 28 days of curing compared to control specimens. The results of permeability indicated that the bio-concrete specimens significantly showed less permeability than the control specimens by 21.1, 23.1% after 7 and 28 of curing, respectively. To determine the concrete density, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test was performed, and the bio-concrete specimens gave higher values ​​than control specimens by 26 and 20% after curing for 7 and 28 days, respectively. Also, surface healing of concrete was observed visually, the bio-concrete showed white precipitates around and inside the cracks after 7 days, which led to almost complete sealing of concrete after 28 days of curing, while the control samples were showed only very slight deposits on the surface and away from the cracks. The micro-analysis of concrete samples using SEM and XRD were done. It was found that the bio-concrete specimens showed crystalline precipitate with different shapes under SEM, while no such deposits appeared in the control specimens. On the other hand, the XRD profile was explained the characteristic peaks of calcium carbonate in both the bio-concrete and the control specimens, but the peak intensity was higher in the bio-concrete than the control specimens. This reflects the effectiveness of bacterial consortium in repairing and preventing the concrete cracks from spreading in addition to improving the various properties of concrete leading to increasing its life and sustainability.
Pharmacological Therapy of 141 Client-Owned Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis with Mutian ® Xraphconn Adenosine Nucleoside Analogue and Prognostic Prediction of Their Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Katayama Masato , Uemura Yukina
Published: July 2021

Background: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus or its mutated pathogen designated as FIP virus. The most common form of FIP is wet or effusive, with non- regenerative anemia and clinical signs of mainly non-specific, such as recurrent fever, anorexia and weight loss. Recently, promising results using new anti-viral drug for treating cats with FIP were observed, but identification of rescuable FIP has been still challenging. It is highly worth to identify infected cats possible to be saved by such an anti-viral agent.Methods: At the initial veterinarian’s examination, owner inquiry-based signalments, viral gene detection by PCR and representative laboratory tests for diagnosis of FIP including hematocrit, A to G ratio, total bilirubin, serum amyloid-A and α1-acid globulin of 141 cats with effusive FIP were compared with those of 28 non-FIP disease cats. Consequently, 116 of them were rescued by administration of anti-viral drug Mutian X and the residual 25 were deceased unfortunately under treatments. Clinical and laboratory indicators observed prior to initial medication were also evaluated statistically between survived and non-survived groups.Results: Expectedly, levels for a few items of signalments (appetitive and activity scores), hematocrit, A to G ratio, total bilirubin, serum amyloid-A, α1-acid globulin and viral gene were found to be distributed distinctively between 141 FIP and 28 non-FIP cats. In the comparison between survived and non-survived FIP cats, most of their parameters including levels for hematocrit, A to G ratio, serum amyloid-A, α1-acid globulin and viral gene were not statistically different. Interestingly, total bilirubin concentrations of survived FIP cats were declined significantly than those of non-survived, and similarly, body temperatures, appetitive and activity scores appeared to be higher probably in accordance with their physical condition.Conclusions: Several clinical and laboratory indicators were informative in diagnosis of effusive FIP. We have investigated that one of the quantitative markers, total bilirubin levels, tend to be distributed characteristically in rescuable cats with effusive FIP. Elevated levels of total bilirubin may be a prognostic risk factor for severe FIP, predicting no clinical benefit obtained by using Mutian X as a therapeutic agent.
Clinical Application of Vancomycin PPK Model in Patients with Neutropenia
Authors: Fu Xiangjun , Huang Li , Guo Li , Lin Liangmo
Published: July 2021

Background: To explore the clinical application of a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model of vancomycin in patients with hematological diseases who developed neutropenia.Methods: Patients with neutropenia treated at the Department of Hematology in our hospital were included in the PPK model study. A nonlinear mixed effect modeling approach (NONMEM) was used to establish the PPK model of those patients. Monte Carlo simulation was also carried out. A total of 64 patients were divided into model group and non-model group for clinical application research. The model group was given the first dose of 1g q8h, and the non-model group was given 1g q12h as the empiric therapy; the follow-up dose adjustment was made according to the concentration results.Results: This two-compartment model showed good stability and accuracy. The average concentrations in the model group and the non-model group were significantly different, i.e., 13.45±4.07 μg/ml, 60.71% reaching the target concentration vs. 9.85±3.76 μg/ml, 27.78% reaching the target concentration, respectively (all P<0.05). This suggested that for patients with neutropenia and CLCR≥90 ml/min/1.73m2, the first dose of 1g q8h may help to reach the target concentration as soon as possible.Conclusions: Our PPK model of vancomycin in patients with hematologic diseases who developed neutropenia can be used to realize the individualized application of vancomycin in this population.
A Novel Missense Variant in the ESRRB Gene Causing Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss: In Silico Analyses of a Case
Authors: Ghasemnejad Tohid , Khaniani Mahmoud Shekari , Nojadeh Jafar Nouri , Derakhshan Sima Mansoori
Published: July 2021

Background: Genetic hearing loss (GHL) is a common heterogeneous disorder that can affect all ages, ethnicities, and genders. The most common form of hearing loss (HL) is autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) and in most cases specific genotype-phenotype correlation is indistinguishable. This study aimed to identify the genetic cause of hearing loss in an Iranian Azeri Turkish ethnicity family with consanguine marriage which is negative for GJB2, GJB6 and mitochondrially encoded 12S RRNA (MT-RNR1) deleterious mutations.Methods: Targeted genome sequencing was applied for the detection of possible genetic causes of HL in this family. Co-segregation and in silico analysis of variant was performed by standard procedure.Results: A missense variant, c.499G>A, was identified in the ESRRB gene. Healthy and affected members of the family confirmed co-segregation of the variant with ARNSHL in the pedigree and then the pathogenicity of the variant was confirmed by in silico analysis and ACMG Guidelines. Conclusion: We report a novel missense variant in the ESRRB gene which seems to be a pathogenic variant. The result of this study suggests that the genetic background of hearing loss patients plays important role in the pathogenicity; moreover, targeted genomic capture is a powerful method that can discover pathogenic variants in heterogeneous disorders.
Principal Component-Based Logistical Regression Algorithms to Predict Health care Accessibility for Texas Medicaid Gap
Authors: Zhang Jinting , Wu Xiu
Published: July 2021

Background12 states without expanded Medicaid caused 2 million people who were under the poverty line across the U.S to be in Medicaid limbo and not eligible for subsidized health plans on the Affordable Care Act insurance exchanges. In order to amplify geographic equity, this paper aims to explore the health access for Medicaid gaps in Texas. MethodsPrincipal Component-based logistical regression algorithms (PCA-LA) is provided data visualization and comparison in between unadjusted and adjusted Medicaid programs. Initially, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) eliminated well-known multiplicity problems between explanatory variables in the application of epidemiology. Optimized the traditional logistical Regression (LR), the PCA-LA method, is considered health status (HS) as a dependent variable with 0 (“poor” health) and 1 (“good” health), fourteen social-economic indexes as independent variables. ResultsAfter Principal Component Analysis (PCA), four composite components incorporated health conditions (i.e., “no regular source of care” (NRC), “Last check up more than a year ago” (LCT)), demographic impacts (i.e., four categorized adults (AS)), education (ED), and marital status (MS). Compared to the unadjusted LA, direct adjusted LA, and PCA-unadjusted LA three methods, the PCA-LA approach exhibited objective and reasonable outcomes in presenting an Odd Ratio (OR). They included that health condition is positively significant to HS due to beyond 1 OR, and negatively significant to ED, AS, and MS due to less than 1 OR. ConclusionsThis paper provided quantitative evidence for the Medicaid gap in Texas to extend Medicaid, exposed healthcare geographical inequity, offered a sight for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to raise researchable direction of the Medicaid program and make a timely scientific judgment of Texas healthcare accessibility.
Sustainability of a Mobile Phone Application-Based Data Reporting System in Myanmar’s Malaria Elimination Program: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Oo Win Han , Thu Kaung Myat , Cutts Julia , Htike Win , Win Kyawt Mon , Oo May Chan , Galau Naw Hkawng , Agius Paul A. , Htoon Pyae Phyo , Kearney Ellen , Thi Aung , Aung Ye Win , Thein Min Min , Rosecrans Kathryn , Lwin Kyi Tun , Min Aung Kyi , Fowkes Freya J.I.
Published: July 2021

Background

Strengthening surveillance systems to collect near-real-time case-based data plays a fundamental role in achieving malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). With the advanced and widespread use of digital technology, mHealth is increasingly taking a prominent role in malaria surveillance systems in GMS countries, including Myanmar. In Myanmar’s malaria elimination program, an mHealth system called Malaria Case-based Reporting (MCBR) has been applied for case-based reporting of malaria data by integrated community malaria volunteers (ICMVs). However, the sustainability of such mHealth systems in the context of existing malaria elimination programs in Myanmar is unknown.
Methods

Focus group discussions were conducted with ICMVs and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with malaria program stakeholders from Myanmar’s Ministry of Health and Sports and its malaria program implementing partners. Thematic (deductive followed by inductive) analysis was undertaken using a qualitative descriptive approach.
Results

Technological and financial constraints such as inadequate internet access, software errors, and insufficient financial resources to support mobile phone-related costs have hampered users’ access to MCBR. Poor system integrity, unpredictable reporting outcomes, inadequate human resources for system management, and inefficient user support undermined the perceived quality of the system and user satisfaction, and hence its sustainability. Furthermore, multiple parallel systems with functions overlapping those of MCBR were in use.
Conclusions

Despite its effectiveness and efficiency in malaria surveillance, the sustainability of nationwide implementation of MCBR is uncertain. To make it sustainable, stakeholders should deploy a dedicated human workforce with the necessary technical and technological capacities; secure sustainable, long-term funding for implementation of MCBR; find an alternative cost-effective plan for ensuring sustainable system access by ICMVs, such as using volunteer-owned mobile phones for reporting rather than supporting new mobile phones to them; and find a solution to the burden of multiple parallel systems.
Trial registration:
Not applicable
DOCENT: A Direct Observation Clinical Experience with feedback iN real-Time (DOCENT)
Authors: Clay Alison S. , Leiman Erin R. , Theiling Brent Jason , Song Yao , Padilla Blanca Iris , Hudak Nicholas M. , Hartman Ann Michelle , Hoder Jeffrey M. , Waite Kathleen A. , Lee Hui-Jie , Buckley Edward G.
Published: July 2021

Background

Observation of student skills is essential for accurate assessment of entrustment and competence. Time spent directly observing students in patient care must balance with the need to serve adequate numbers of patients and, in some instances, revenue generation. Clinical education may also be hampered by a negative learning climate. The authors created a Direct Observation Clinical Experience with feedback iN real Time (DOCENT) clinic with patients from the Emergency Department (ED) to provide care for low-acuity patients while observing student care to determine the best location for the clinic and interprofessional education opportunities.
Methods

Patient number, chief complaints, estimated severity of illness (ESI), and use of radiology resources were logged. ESI, length of stay (LOS), and satisfaction were monitored for non-inferiority to ED patients. Student evaluations collected information on amount of direct observation, quality of feedback, learning climate and both peer-to-peer and interprofessional teaching.
Results

Musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints were the most common category of complaints. Patient LOS in DOCENT was shorter than for ED patients (mean 4.5 vs. 6.4 hours, p < 0.0001). DOCENT patient satisfaction was higher than ED patient satisfaction. Patients with higher ESI could be seen when the clinic was located closer to the ED. Over 90% of students reported receiving constructive and reinforcing feedback and 100% reported a positive learning climate.
Conclusions

Creation of a DOCENT clinic in the ED provided an enriched student experience without compromising patient care. The high rates of MSK complaints provided great opportunity for interprofessional collaboration with physical therapy.