bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention efforts by a few WHO regions to eliminate COVID-19 in 2021 (Preprint)
Authors: Bindu Katikala Hima
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Objective: As the covid-19 formulated as Coronavirus by the International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses and originates from an unknown region of China-Wuhan causes global distraction in the entire world. This pandemic situation causes thousands of deaths with a massive crash on our economies and health system and the symptoms are: fever, cold, cough, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, diarrhea, body rashes, and loss of taste or smell, however, there exists no specific treatment to eradicate this virus and it can be controlled by following the preventive measures. Methods: This article discusses the preventative measurement steps followed by India and the three different regions that can control this pandemic condition including the death rate. Results: By implementing four strategy factors the death rate in Africa has declined whereas in the remaining regions vaccination program decided to reduce the mortality rate. Conclusion: By following the above measurable steps like wearing a mask, maintaining social distance and hygiene, strengthening the immunity levels, primary isolation if contacted with the covid-19 positive patient, and self-quarantine.

OBJECTIVE

As the covid-19 formulated as Coronavirus by the International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses and originates from an unknown region of China-Wuhan causes global distraction in the entire world. This pandemic situation causes thousands of deaths with a massive crash on our economies and health system and the symptoms are: fever, cold, cough, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, diarrhea, body rashes, and loss of taste or smell, however, there exists no specific treatment to eradicate this virus and it can be controlled by following the preventive measures

METHODS

This article discusses the preventative measurement steps followed by India and the three different regions that can control this pandemic condition including the death rate

RESULTS

By implementing four strategy factors the death rate in Africa has declined whereas in the remaining regions vaccination program decided to reduce the mortality rate.

CONCLUSIONS

By following the above measurable steps like wearing a mask, maintaining social distance and hygiene, strengthening the immunity levels, primary isolation if contacted with the covid-19 positive patient, and self-quarantine.
The Case of Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness
Authors: Baer Brian James , Liu Yingmei
Published: September 2022

This article explores the notion of queering translation in relation to Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness (1928), often described as the first lesbian novel, focusing on two key terms related to sexual identity, the word queer, which was semantically unstable at this historical moment, and the quasi-scientific term invert. Hall's provocative use of queer against the minoritizing invert, which presages queer critiques of identitarian politics by several decades, complicates the field of sexuality in the novel, presenting special challenges for translators. Those challenges are analyzed in the early French translation of the novel and in later Chinese translations, from both Taiwan and mainland China.
Homotexualizing Niezi: From Sinful Sons to Crystal Boys
Authors: Guo Wangtaolue
Published: September 2022

In 1990, Gay Sunshine Press published the English translation of a Taiwanese novel titled Niezi [Sinful Sons]. The novel, written by the modernist author Pai Hsien-yung and translated by Howard Goldblatt as Crystal Boys, became such a sensation among Anglophone American readers that the publisher later put out a paperback edition. Blatantly marketed as the first modern Asian gay novel, the paperback edition features on its cover a half-naked jock in jeans against a dark chartreuse backdrop. Such marketing schticks—highlighting the theme of queer erotics and picking a cover image that looks like a 90s Calvin Klein advertisement—attracted many queer readers who were curious about cultural uniqueness and universal experience of being gay. Yet, little did they know that when the original novel first came out in 1983, it was not even considered by mainstream Taiwanese critics and readers as gay-themed fiction.

In this paper, I investigate the homotextualization and canonization of Niezi, with an emphasis on the shaping force of translation on the reading and reception of Pai’s novel. By synthesizing a select few representative pieces of scholarship on Niezi published in the 1980s, I demonstrate the connection between early critics’ evasive interpretations of queer motifs in Niezi and Taiwan’s conservative sociocultural milieu. Next, I present a historicized, comparative reading of Pai’s original work and its English translation Crystal Boys, with special attention to paratexts, the reconfiguration of untranslatables in the English translation, and the politics of anglicizing non-Euro-American, non-normative sexual landscapes. I argue that translation added to the complex production of meanings, facilitated the interactions between the text, the critic, the reader, and the author, and contributed to the queer iconization of Niezi.
On Translating the Fairy Tale: The Wording and Wonder of Translating Fernán Caballero’s Bella-Flor
Authors: Shea Jacqueline
Published: September 2022

Following in the footsteps of the Grim Brothers, a woman named Cecilia Francisca Josefa Böhl de Faber y Ruiz de Larrea set out to collect Andalusian folk tales under the pen name Fernán Caballero. Caballero was one of the first people to record folk tales—specifically those deriving from Spain—in writing, thus helping to shape the subsequent fairy tale genre that is ever-pervasive in modern-day society. However, while many translations have been derived from the collections of the Grimm Brothers and other male collectors, Caballero´s have received less attention from English translators. One notable exception to this rule can be found in the works of John H. Ingram, who translated one of Caballero’s folk tale anthologies that included the story Bella-Flor, a Spanish folk tale about the importance of (and ultimate triumph resulting from) being good. This paper analyzes the merit of Ingram’s translation through assessing both linguistic choices and cultural edits. Analyzing this specific translation seeks to contribute to the aim of discussing the wider issues of translating stories the fairy tale genre—specifically those less notorious in modern-day Western culture—as well as the linguistic and literary choices that must be made when translating works across time and space.
Nephrological care in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Denova L.D. , Ivanov D.D. , Andrunevich R.R. , Korzh O.M. , Krasyuk E.K.
Published: September 2022

During armed conflicts (AC) and other disasters, the elderly, women, children, the infirm and the chronically ill patients are the most vulnerable population, with a high risk to health and life. Chronically ill people with kidney diseases, including those with kidney failure, deserve special attention due to their complete dependence on available functional infrastructure, and access to vital drugs and well-trained personnel. Currently, there is little information on the effects of AC on patients with kidney damage compared to the available data about the effects of other disasters. Mechanisms of injuries in AC and natural or man-made disasters have similar and distinctive features. Distinctive features: during AC — mainly gunshot and mine blast injuries, bleedings, poisonings by toxic substances, during disasters — hypothermia or burns, mechanical injuries, etc. Similar features include damage to infrastructure, particularly health care facilities, shortage of medicines, medical personnel, humanitarian and other crises, and a large number of injured and traumatized people in the hospitals. In this article, we systematized the material obtained during the military conflict, as well as reviewed domestic and foreign articles on this topic in order to optimize the work of nephrologists in the conditions of martial law and limited resources.
Effect size of Dna-j heat shock protein family B member 9 (DNAJB9) biomarker in kidney biopsy specimens on kidney outcomes in fibrillary glomerulonephritis
Authors: Shamekhi Amiri Fateme
Published: September 2022

Background. Fibrillary glomerulonephritis is a rare glomerular disease that presents with hypertension, hematuria, nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency. The purpose of this research was to assess effect of DNAjB9 staining marker in kidney biopsy specimens on kidney outcomes. Materials and methods. In this analytic (experimental) clinical study with randomized clinical trial design in meta-analysis article, 72 patients with biopsy-proven fibrillary glomerulonephritis were investigated. Clinical features, laboratory data at initial presentation, management and outcomes were collected. The paper has written based on searching PubMed Central and Google Scholar to identify potentially relevant articles. Median, percentage, mean ± standard deviation (SD), two-tailed t and Chi-square, two proportion difference meta-analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used for statistical evaluation. Moreover, relative risk, odds ratio, Spearman’s correlation for statistical analyses were used. Results. The median and interquartile range of age of patients with fibrillary nephropathy at the time of diagnosis were 55 and 18 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between two sex groups of males and females in current research (p-value: 0.35). There was significant statistical correlation between elevated serum creatinine level and time of last serum creatinine measurement with p-value of 0.01 and confidence interval (CI) of 0.7820 to –0.1258 during follow-up. Relative risk of kidney failure progression to kidney replacement therapy (↑ ≥ 2-fold in serum creatinine or dialysis or kidney transplant) in DNAjB9-positive (group I) and DNAjB9-negative patients (group II) was assessed 2.67 with 95% CI of 1.128 to 6.3044 and p-value of 0.025. Odds ratio of kidney failure progression to kidney replacement therapy (↑ ≥ 2-fold in serum creatinine or dialysis or kidney transplant) was assessed 4.33 with 95% CI of 0.9464 to 19.8417 and p-value of 0.058. There was statistically significant difference when comparing group I and group II for mortality probability (Kaplan-Meier analysis) during follow-up (P < 0.0001). Conclusions. The present study revealed high mortality in DNAjB9-negative (8/64, 12.5%) versus DNAjB9-positive patients (0/8) with statistically significant level. Relative risk and odds ratio of kidney failure progression to kidney replacement therapy were assessed 2.67 and 4.33, respectively.
Structure and features of the dynamics of primary disability in the adult population of Ukraine as a result of non-oncological urological diseases
Authors: Saidakova N.O. , Pasiechnikov S.P. , Mitchenko M.V. , Kononova G.E. , Hrodzinskyy V.I. , Bieliakova V.G.
Published: September 2022

Background. The purpose of the work: to study the structure and features of the dynamics of primary disability among the adult population of Ukraine as a result of non-oncological urological diseases. Materials and methods. The reporting form No. 14 of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the statistical sources of the Ukrainian State Research Institute of Medical and Social Problems of Disability, documentation of regional centers for medical and social expertise are used. Results. There is a tendency to reduce the number of people recognized as disabled for the first time due to genitourinary diseases. It has been confirmed that prolonging temporary disability contributes to this. The official reporting of the causes of disability by the class of genitourinary diseases is presented only for chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis; for 5 years, the incidence of the first nosology increased by 13.0 % (to 43.8 % among 1,549 registered), the second — decreased by 37.4 % (to 20.0 % in all regions except Kyiv). At the same time, there was a tendency to reduce the incidence of disability retirement for reasons classified as “others” (36.2 ± 2.0 % vs. 39.0 ± 1.8 % in 2016, and in the Central and Northeastern regions it reached 49.2 ± 2.8 % and 49.6 ± 4.7 %, respectively). Apart from the two above-mentioned pathologies, the structure of disability causes is as follows: the first three places belonged to urolithiasis, polycystic kidney disease, single kidney, the next three — hydronephrosis, congenital malformations and urethral stricture. With age, the incidence of urolithiasis, polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, urethral stricture increases and the incidence of congenital malformations and a single kidney decreases. Over the years, the assignment of the second group of disability decreases (18.1 ± 3.1 % in 2020 vs. 20.4 ± 2.6 % in 2016), with an increase of the third group (67.8 ± 3.8 % vs. 65.3 ± 3.1 %), and stabilization of the first group (14.1 vs. 14.3 %). Conclusions. During the 5-year observation period, 12.9 % more patients avoided disability and 4.7 % less received groups I and II. A decrease by 37.4 % (to 20.0 %) in the share of chronic pyelonephritis as a cause of disability was observed in all regions except Kyiv. Structure of other causes of disability: urolithiasis — 45.0 %, polycystic kidney disease — 22.1 %, single kidney — 18.8 %, hydronephrosis — 15.4 %, congenital defects — 12.1 %, urethral stricture — 4.7 %. Against the background of the general increase in disability assignments with age, group III disability among others was more common (7.7 % — at the age of up to 39 years, 63.1 % — at pre-retirement age, 67.8 % — at retirement age).
Chronobiological aspects of the excretory system (review)
Authors: Bezruk V.V. , Ivanov D.D. , Shkrobanets I.D.
Published: September 2022

The paper examines the issues of circadian rhythms functioning and their significance in the regulation of physiological processes of the excretory system. The article deals with the issue of desynchronosis, its causes and effects on the physiological processes of the excretory system in children. The practical significance of chronobiological aspects, their dependence on both individual and population factors, the dynamism of such disturbances and their relevance in the age aspect are shown. The value of chronobiological aspects in the functioning of the excretory system and the expediency of continuing scientific and practical research in this direction of medical science were emphasized.
Spontaneous retrograde urolithiasis migration in a woman: a case report and possible mechanism
Authors: Saliba T. , Salame H. , Tack D.
Published: September 2022

Urolithiasis is a condition which is commonly encountered in practice, however retrograde migration of a calculus within the ureter has only recently been documented with few cases reported in the literature. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman presenting with symptomatic urolithiasis confirmed by CT who recovered from her symptoms only for it to be discovered that the calculus had undergone retrograde migration into the renal calyx on a follow up CT examination. We theorise that retrograde urolithiasis migration may be an innate safety mechanism that evolved to prevent complications and/or death from urolithiasis impaction by attempting to return a migrated lithiasis to the renal calyx.
Russia’s Motivations for Invading Ukraine: Through Waltz’s Three Images Analysis
Authors: Ma Zhengyang
Published: September 2022

After the Russo-Ukrainian War broke out, the motivations that caused Russia to launch the war are disputable and have no certain answers. In order to figure out the mystery, the article used Kenneth Waltz’s three images theory to analyze Russia’s motivations comprehensively. In the international image, NATO’s expansion enhanced Russia’s vulnerability, which provoked Russia’s aggressive reaction to Ukraine. On the other hand, the strengthening relations with China and Russia’s motivated bias embolden Russia to launch the war. In the domestic image, Russia’s stringent economic environment and embedded chauvinism stimulated Russia to solve the internal issue through war and restore its past glory. On the individual level, because of Putin’s ambition, he was attempting to use the war to sustain his popularity and wrote down his name in history.
A Simulation of How a Cloud Service Provider from the Midwest Should Behave When Faced with a Potential Cyber-Attack, Where Many of Its Customers Do Business in the Healthcare, Banking, and Educational Industries
Authors: Buresh, Ph.D., Esq. Donald L.
Published: September 2022

This essay aims to explain to the senior management of a company what must be accomplished to be compliant with federal sectoral privacy laws. It is a byzantine maze of pitfalls where a single cyber-attack can lead to extensive oversight by the Federal Trade Commission. The path taken by this paper is that a cloud computing provider should implement the most stringent security framework in existence that encompasses the myriad number of privacy laws in the United States. The reason is that vigorously embracing a strict standard makes a firm likely to comply with the various sectoral privacy laws. However, suppose a company is cyber-attacked and has the misfortune of being prosecuted by the Federal Trade Commission. In that case, the article suggests that the firm take a mature approach to the litigation, not complaining to the agency that it is the victim. A mature approach to federal oversight might lessen the time of the supervisory period. By admitting security omissions and commissions and robustly accepting regulatory guidance, a firm can proceed in conducting its business, not fretting over the de facto guardianship by the Federal Trade Commission.
La Habana. Dimensión arqueológica de un espacio habitado. (2020). Ediciones Boloña y Ediciones Polymita S.A. 246 páginas. ISBN: 978-959-294-233-2.
Authors: Ulloa Hung Jorge
Published: September 2022

No precisa. Es una reseña de libro
Sobre las primeras defensas del Caribe hispano
Authors: Gámez Casado Manuel
Published: September 2022

El presente ensayo pretende analizar el conjunto de fortificaciones construidas en el Caribe hispano desde la llegada de Cristóbal Colón hasta los años centrales del siglo xvi. Aunque los ejemplos son escasos si se comparan con los ejecutados en otras cronologías posteriores, se podrá comprender el grado de asimilación de las experiencias militares desde fines de la Edad Media, adaptadas a la orografía caribeña como forma de represión de las amenazas locales y extranjeras. Se ha utilizado una metodología deductiva para demostrar la hipótesis de que las defensas hispanas en el siglo xvi tuvieron un grado de desarrollo proporcional a las necesidades defensivas. En definitiva, el texto pretende revalorizar un patrimonio que en la actualidad presenta un notable deterioro debido a la superposición de otras estructuras en fechas más recientes y que han desvirtuado los antiguos proyectos. Esta aportación tiene como objetivo final reivindicar el papel de las primeras defensas españolas en el Caribe, en un periodo en el que se empezó a forjar la estrategia de protección en un espacio donde la geopolítica estuvo presente hasta el siglo xix.
La resistencia a la dominación de los indígenas de La Española (1492-1533)
Authors: Mira Caballos Esteban
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the different forms of resistance that the Tainos of Hispaniola deployed against the Castilian domination. The active resistance, violent, was scarce and late compared to the great passive resistance that was manifested since the arrival of the Spaniards. After the failed uprisings of the first years, the Taino tenacity adopted some basic strategies, given the inability to stop the destruction of their world: one, the practice of scorched earth, with the idea of expelling foreigners for lack of food: two, the flight to the mountains, absenting themselves from the haciendas and mines. And three, suicide, which they resorted to when they became aware of the imminent end of their world and their new servile situation. It will be necessary to wait almost two decades to find an active resistance, that of the hispanized cacique Enriquillo.
Fungi and Other Associates from Rice Fields of Bhor and Velhe Talukas of Pune District, Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Gaikwad Mrs. Savita Anand
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Plant pathogens are major cause of diseases in crops and plants. These plant pathogens devastated our crops and led us to devise methods and to search cultivars for resistant. Rice crops suffer from infection of many bacterial, viral and fungal diseases. The aim and objective of present study is to find out information about different plant pathogens caused by fungal infection. The survey of rice fields was carried out in Bhor and Velhe Talukas of Pune district. In case of rice crop, several diseases are reported such as Bacterial Blight, rice blast, Aggregate sheath spot, Black kernel Brown spot, Downy mildew, false smut, etc.
Overview on Green Titanium Nanoparticles Based on Plants: Synthesis, Potential Applications and Eco-Friendly Approach.
Authors: Dan Sneha Olive , Khan S. H.
Published: September 2022

Nanotechnology is generating a lot of buzz across the world, because of its fascinating applications in various disciplines. Due to recent breakthroughs in the nanotechnology sector, metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have found a number of uses in a variety of industrial, medicinal, and environmental fields. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely utilized in everyday life and maybe manufactured using a variety of physical, chemical, and green approaches. Green synthesis is a non-toxic, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible way to make NPs. The green, chemical, physical, and biological production of TiO2 NPs has received a lot of attention, and these NPs may be analysed using high-tech tools. The current study contains extensive information on the comparative synthesis of TiO2 NPs with various properties and their wide range of applications. Because of the decreased usage of precursors, time-effectiveness, and energy efficiency during green synthesis processes, green approaches have been proved to be more efficient than chemical synthesis methods for TiO2 NPs production. The relevance of green manufacturing of TiO2 nanoparticles using plant extract is discussed in this review study. Recent breakthroughs in the manufacture of TiO2 nanoparticles, from plants have shown promise in various scientific and technological domains. The physical features, crystal properties, antibacterial, anticancer, and photo catalytic activity of TiO2 are summarised in this review. The many components of the green synthesis strategy for TiO2 NPs and medicinal applications were discussed. Nanoparticle stability and toxicity, as well as surface engineering strategies for ensuring biocompatibility, are also reviewed. Furthermore, the obstacles and concerns surrounding using green product TiO2 NPs in water and wastewater treatment were explored. Hence, this review article condenses TiO2 NPs physicochemical properties, green synthesis, toxic exposure, biodistribution, and applications.
Feast to famine: sympatric predators respond differently to seasonal prey scarcity on the low-Arctic tundra
Authors: Rodrigues Chloé Warret , Roth James
Published: September 2022

Resource fluctuation is a major driver of animal movement, influencing
strategic choices such as residency vs nomadism, or social dynamics. The
Arctic tundra is characterized by strong seasonality: resources are
abundant during the short summers but scarce in winters. Therefore,
expansion of boreal-forest species onto the tundra raises questions on
how they cope with winter-resource scarcity. We examined a recent
incursion by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) onto the coastal tundra of
western Hudson Bay, an area historically occupied by Arctic foxes
(Vulpes lagopus) that lacks access to anthropogenic foods, and compared
seasonal shifts in space use of the two species. We used 4 years of
telemetry data following 8 red foxes and 11 Arctic foxes to test the
hypothesis that the movement strategies of both species are primarily
driven by temporal variability of resources. We also predicted that the
harsh tundra conditions in winter affect red foxes more than Arctic
foxes, which are adapted to this environment. Dispersal was the most
frequent winter movement strategy in both fox species, despite its
association with high mortality (winter mortality was 9.4 times higher
in dispersers than residents). Red foxes consistently dispersed towards
the boreal forest, whereas Arctic foxes primarily used sea ice to
disperse. Home range size of red and Arctic foxes did not differ in
summer, but resident red foxes substantially increased their home range
size in winter, whereas home range size of resident Arctic foxes did not
change seasonally. As climate changes, abiotic constraints on some
species may relax, but associated declines in prey communities may lead
to local extirpation of many predators, notably by favoring dispersal
during resource scarcity.
Trilobatin attenuates blood-brain barrier dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion by targeting MMP9: Involvement of APOE4/CypA/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Feng Linying , Li Yeli , Lin Mu , Xie Dianyou , Luo Yunmei , Chen Nana , He Zhi-Xu , Gong Qihai , yizhun zhu , Gao Jianmei
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is one of
the most crucial pathological changes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion
(I/R) injury. Trilobatin (TLB), a naturally occurring food additive,
exerts neuroprotective effect against cerebral I/R injury as
demonstrated in our previous study. This study was designed to
investigate the effect of TLB on disruption of BBB after cerebral I/R
injury. Experimental Approach: Rats with focal cerebral ischemia caused
by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and brain
microvascular endothelial cells along with human astrocytes to mimic
blood brain barrier (BBB) injury caused by oxygen and glucose
deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). Key results: The
results showed that TLB effectively maintained the integrity of BBB and
inhibited neuronal loss following cerebral I/R challenge. Furthermore,
TLB dramatically increased tight junction proteins including ZO-1,
occludin and claudin 5, as well as decreased the levels of
apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4, cyclophilin A (CypA), and phosphorylated
nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), thereby reduced proinflammatory
cytokines. In addition, TLB also decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and
cleaved-caspase 3 level along with reduced the number of apoptotic
neurons. Intriguingly, molecular docking and transcriptomics predicted
MMP9 was a prominent gene evoked by TLB treatment. Furthermore, the
protective effect of TLB on OGD/R-induced the loss of BBB integrity in
human brain microvascular endothelial cell and astrocyte co-cultures in
vitro was markedly reinforced by knockdown of MMP9. Conclusions and
implications: Our findings reveal a novel property of TLB: saving BBB
disruption following cerebral I/R via targeting MMP9 and inhibiting
APOE4/CypA/NF-κB axis.
Anonymization of Personal Information in Legal Context
Authors: Zhuolyu He , hao jiagnfeng
Published: September 2022

In order to balance the relationship between the protection of personal
information and the use of personal information, the Personal
Information Protection Law has set anonymization standards. Although,
technically, absolute anonymity is not achievable, but the legal goals
are not the same as the technical goals. In order to maximize social
welfare, it is necessary to reduce the quality of anonymization to a
certain extent to ensure the universality and speed of the personal
information governance program. Therefore, it becomes feasible to
realize the anonymization of personal information in law. In order to
facilitate the anonymization of judgments, different jurisdictions have
established different rational people standards under the guidance of
value. The EU standard overemphasizes the protection of the rights of
information subjects, which is not conducive to the use of personal
information, and it is difficult to maximize social benefits. The
Anglo-American standard takes into account both “security” and
“efficiency”, while protecting the information subject, while leaving
enough space for personal information processors. Among them, the United
States compromises the adoption of abstract standards and specific
standards, which overcomes the impracticality of adopting abstract
standards alone. The shortcomings of non-predictability and other
specific standards.
Risk Factors for 5-Year Complications after Midurethral Sling Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Taiwan
Authors: Chou Tyson , HSIA Ying-Fang , HWANG Tseh-Lee , LIN Wu-Chou , CHEN Huey-Yi , KUO Chin-Chi , CHIANG Hsiu-Yin
Published: September 2022

Background: Midurethral sling surgery is the current gold standard
worldwide for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. However,
concerns surround mesh-related adverse events associated with the
midurethral sling. The decision to use the midurethral sling for
surgical treatment has become a challenging one for clinicians, surgeons
and patients. Objectives: We sought to determine the factors for 5-year
complications after midurethral sling surgery, to improve the clinical
decision-making process. Study Design: Records were reviewed from a
total of 1,961 female patients who underwent their first midurethral
sling surgery for SUI between 2003 and 2018 at a single teaching
hospital in Taiwan. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model
calculated the hazard ratios of risk factors for surgical complications,
after adjusting for confounders. Results: Surgical complications (i.e.,
secondary surgery and urinary retention) occurred in 93 (4.7%) patients
within 5 years following the index operations. These patients were more
likely to be older, to have a history of menopausal syndrome within 1
year prior to the index operation,hormone replacement therapy (HRT),
slower average flow rate, and longer voiding time compared with patients
without surgical complications. In the multivariate analysis, menopausal
syndrome or HRT (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.794; 95% confidence interval,
1.055–3.050, p=0.0390) was significantly associated with surgical
complications at 5 years, after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes,
average flow rate, and sling type. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that
a history of menopausal syndrome within 1 year prior to surgery or a
medication history of HRT may be risk factors associated with surgical
complications
Antiparkinsonian medication reconciliation: how preventing medication errors promotes therapeutic quality and safety
Authors: Viudez-Martinez Adrián , Ramirez-Lopez Ana , Lopez-Nieto Javier , Climent-Grana Eduardo , Riera Geronima
Published: September 2022

Aim: to design and implement a medication reconciliation protocol led by
clinical pharmacists that allowed to identify, characterize and,
eventually, prevent antiparkinsonian medication errors to promote
therapeutic quality and safety in daily practice. Methods: This was an
interventional, single-center, one-year, prospective study analyzing the
impact of developing an antiparkinsonian medication reconciliation
program. All the patients who were hospitalized and had, at least, one
active prescription containing an antiparkinsonian drug at hospital
admission were included. The medication reconciliation was performed by
following a three-phased check: inpatient electronic prescription
validation after assessing the outpatient medication schedule, review of
the latest clinical report emitted by the Neurology Department, and
pharmacist-driven interview of the patient and/or caregiver to confirm
the information regarding medication gathered. Results: 171 admission
episodes from 132 patients were registered between February 1, 2021, and
January 31, 2022. Of 224 prescription lines involving antiparkinsonian
drugs, 179 contained, at least, one medication error (59.8%).
Commission errors (91.62%) were more frequent than omitted drugs
(8.38%). The most common medication errors were related to timing
(41.90%), frequency (21.23%), and dosing (19.55%). The implementation
of the medication reconciliation program prevented the erroneous
administration of 2716 antiparkinsonian doses, 60% of the total number
of doses prescribed during this period. Interestingly, a significant
relationship between the number of medication errors and having levodopa
prescribed was evidenced (p<0.05). A contraindicated drug was
prescribed in almost one-third of the episodes (29.82%). Conclusion:
Clinical pharmacists’ implementation of an antiparkinsonian medication
reconciliation program sharply reduced medication errors, and
contraindicated drugs prescription.
Flexor Tendon Tenotomy Treatment of the Diabetic Foot: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Andersen Jonas Askø , Rasmussen Anne , Engberg Susanne , Bencke Jesper , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Kirketerp-Møller Klaus , Rossing Peter
Published: September 2022

  

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of needle flexor tendon tenotomy treatment of the diabetic hammertoe deformity.

Research Design and Methods A multicenter randomized controlled trial of individuals with diabetes, and ulcers or impending ulcers associated with hammertoes, performed between 1st of November 2019 and 31st of March 2021. Participants were stratified on the presence of ulcer, into individuals with ulcers and individuals with impending ulcers. Participants were randomized to tenotomy and standard non-surgical treatment or standard non-surgical treatment alone. Primary outcomes were time to ulcer healing and progression from impending ulcer to active ulcer.

Results: Of 224 screened individuals with diabetes, 95 (59.0% male) were included. The mean follow-up was 291 (±70) days, 28 (29.5%) had type 1 diabetes, mean diabetes duration was 20 (13-26) years, and mean age was 67.7 (±9.8) years. Of the included participants 16 had ulcers, of whom eight were randomized to intervention. Of the remaining 79 individuals with impending ulcers, 39 were randomized to intervention.

For participants with ulcers, healing rates favored tenotomy (100% vs 37.5%, p=0.026) as did time to ulcer healing (p=0.04). For individuals with impending ulcers, incidence of progression to an active ulcer was lower (1 vs 7, p=0.028) and number of ulcer-free days were higher (p=0.043) in the tenotomy group. No serious adverse events were recorded. 

Conclusion: This randomized study showed that the simple procedure of needle flexor tendon tenotomy was effective and safe when treating and preventing ulcers associated with the diabetic hammertoe deformity. 
A Morphological Study and Description of Biacetabulum biloculoides Mackiewicz and Mccrae, 1965 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidae) From Catostomid Fishes in Lakes and Rivers of Wisconsin, With Special Notes on Concurrent Infections
Authors: Amin Omar M
Published: September 2022

Thirteen species in 8 genera of caryophyllid cestodes including Biacetabulum biloculoides Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1965 were found in Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), Cyprinus carpio (Raf.), and Erimyzon sucetta (Lacépède) in 2 lakes and 2 rivers in SE Wisconsin and/or SW Lake Michigan. The morphology of the Wisconsin populations of B. biloculoides is revisited and missing information from the original description and ours were completed and all measurements compared. The posterior movement of Acanthocephalus dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave and Townsend, 1936 and the anterior movement of B. biloculoides and Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 in concurrent infections of the intestine of C. commersoni were discussed as a clear case of competitive exclusion. Light microscopy revealed new features especially of the scolex and reproductive structures.
Three New Species of the Subfamily Torodorinae (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) From Tanzania
Authors: Park Kyu-Tek
Published: September 2022

Three new species of the genera Protolychnis Meyrick, 1925, Torodora Meyrick, 1894, and Thubdora Park, 2018 (Protolychnis tangaensis Park, sp. nov., Torodora nixcrinis Park, sp. nov., and Thubdora muhezaica Park, sp. nov.) are described respectively from Tanzania. Images for adults and the genitalia of all species are provided and a list of the known Tanzanian species of the family Lecithoceridae is given.
Hemocytes Lysate Supernatant Derived Phenoloxidase Activity in the Hemolymph of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)
Authors: Shanthi Rangasamy
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study attempted to find the cellular immune response in Macrobrachium rosenbergii by melanization reaction produced by hemocytes lysate supernatant (HLS) phenoloxidase (PO) activity. The substrate affinity of the PO enzyme was determined using different phenolic substrates and it was found that the diphenols and polyphenol were oxidized. Hence, the enzyme was characterized as a catechol oxidase type of PO and 3,4-dihydroxy-DL-phenylalanine (DL-DOPA) showed the highest substrate affinity to the HLS. The optimal enzyme activity was observed at 5 mM DL-DOPA in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer at a pH of 7.5 at 25° C for 20 min and absorbance at 490 nm. Kinetic characteristics of HLS from the prawn were determined. Determination of optimal conditions of PO activity in the HLS has also been attempted. These results depicted that in the presence of PO and peroxidase inhibitors, phenylthiourea (PTU) and tropolone respectively have a decreased HLS PO activity. The determination of PO activity was also highly activated by trypsin, sodium dodecyl sulphate (6 mg.ml-1) and laminarin (4 mg.ml-1) enzyme expression. We also identified the chemicals causing in vitro inhibition or activation of the enzyme as an HLS of the freshwater prawn having a potent PO activity.
Human Demand for Natural Resources
Authors: Martins-Oliveira Angele Tatiane
Published: September 2022

The growing exponential curve representative of the world’s human population has driven the increase in demand for natural resources, which can be due to human needs and the contemporary way of life largely focused on capitalism
Economic Limit Estimation and Production Forecasting in a Field by Using Decline Curve Analysis Method
Authors: Ntouala Roger Firim Donald
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the decline curve analysis method is performed according to a new economic limit in a field named X (for confidential reasons). The production data are processed in EXCEL software and the forecasting is made in MBAL software by respecting the following steps: Firstly, identify the decline zone and determine the decline model on the production history, secondly estimate a new economic limit by using the actual oil price, thirdly, forecast the production and determine the reserves still recoverable and fourthly, make an economic evaluation. The interpretation of the result show that the decline zone is extended on 540 days and the decline curve showed an exponential decline by the next, the new economic limit is estimated at 381.86 Sm3/Day which allow concluding that, the life of the field X is extended from 367 days with 253,935.46 Sm3 as the ultimate recoverable reserves. By the end, these reserves can generate 11,581,676 USD as net income. The above results make it possible to understand the influence of the economic limit and by ricochet the oil price on the lifetime of field X and on its recoverable reserves. Depending on the company, the makeable net income can be set as profitable or nonprofitable. In the positive case this could allow the reopening of the field X.
Assessment and Inventory of Capas National Shrine Forest Reservation Located at Camp O'donnell, Capas, Tarlac
Authors: T Aquino Allain James
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted from January to March 2021 at Capas National Shrine, Camp O'Donnell Capas, Tarlac, to identify the quantity, measure the extent, condition and select possible good mother trees from the ten percent (10%) intensity of trees of the thirty-five (35) hectares mini forest. The sampling area was 3.5 hectares, and it was divided into seven plots measuring 100mx50m or 0.5 hectares. The study area has 163 estimated trees per plot and 326 estimated trees per hectare. All the poles and standard trees within the sampling area were evaluated. Trees with a diameter at breast height of 30cm to 76cm and a total height of 15 meters above were considered good mother trees. The mean height and diameter at breast height of the mother trees were 16.69 meters and 33.64 cm. Phenotypic characteristics were assessed, including the tree height, tree diameter, stem straightness, stem forking, stem circularity, and tree health as indicated in the Selection Criteria of the Disposition or the DENR Administrative Order No. 2010-11. Out of 1142 trees characterized by mahogany, narra, and eucalyptus, only 55 mother trees of mahogany and one mother tree of eucalyptus were able to pass the DENR Administrative Order 2010-11. Unfortunately, narra trees did not pass the criteria to be considered mother trees. The identified good mother trees of mahogany were dominant in plots number 3 and 6.
Completion Design to Remove and/or Replace the Existing Completion in a Well and in Single Trip
Authors: Talla Alain Francis
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to propose a completion design to remove and/or replace the existing completion in a well named "X" (for confidential reasons) in a single trip. To reach the goal, the metallurgy and seals of the equipment must be selected by taking in consideration their working pressure and temperature. The best completion method must be chosen amongst others. The data used are well trajectory, particle size distribution, the reservoir data including temperature profiles, pressure, productivity index, water cuts, sand production volumes, formation damage, formation permeability, reservoir thickness and fluid properties. The completion schematic is drawn using Lip-Draw 2017, and the summary installation procedure is explained. The results show that the most appropriate materials were found to be an alloy with 13 % of chromium as metallurgy and hydrogenated nitrile for sealing elements due to the presence of H2S and CO2. For this case, the best completion method is filtrex. By using the filtrex method, the payback period is short and possibility to perform remedial sand control in a single trip while saving rig time. Filtrex method is more economical in this case than chemical and mechanical methods. For the others wells in the same field, similar completion design must be done.
Chemometric Determination of Coloring Agents Used in Drugs
Authors: GP Ertokus
Published: September 2022

The chemometric determination of titanium dioxide and indigotin in drug by the principal component regression (PCR) was performed with spectrophotometric method. Chemometric methods are used in spectral data analysis of mixtures containing two or more compounds. With chemometric techniques, even complex systems are allowed to be analyzed spectrophotometrically as is without any pre-separation process. In this study, an alternative, lower cost and more reliable method has been developed in chemometric analysis of the colorants used in drugs. The investigation of the accuracy and repeatability of the two methods resulted in high recovery rates and lower standard deviation values. Achieving high recovery rates and lower standard deviation values, this study encouraged us to proceed further in drug analysis. The proposed methods are highly sensitive and precise as they have been successfully applied to quantify active substances in pharmaceutical samples.
First-Line Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors: Physicochemical Properties and Measurement in Biological Fluids
Authors: J Mbah Chika
Published: September 2022

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitors represent a new class of glucose-lowering drugs that act through the inhibition of glucose reabsorption at the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. The objective of the study was to provide most current information on the physicochemical properties and analytical methods of determination in biological matrices of the first-line sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitors. The methodology of literature search entailed obtaining information from published works in scientific journals, official books and the internet websites. The results of the study show that these first-line therapeutic agents selectively inhibit the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney by almost 30-50 percent. Apart from their effects on carbohydrate homeostasis, they also affect human metabolism by decreasing blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body weight, serum concentrations of insulin. They increase glucagon concentration thus shifting energy metabolism towards the utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies. They have also been found to preserve renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, these therapeutic agents exhibit significant cardio-protective and renoprotective effects by their mechanism of action.
Recent Advances in Approved, Withdrawn, Experimental and Investigational Drugs in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Deshpande Rajlaxmi
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, chronic degenerative disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually destroys the ability to carry out the simplest of day-to-day routine tasks. This disease is characterised by loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions. Presence of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in brains of the affected patients are the distinguishable characteristics of this disease. Currently, no treatment is available to stop or reverse progression of AD, though it may temporarily improve symptoms. There are four USFDA approved drugs which are helpful for symptomatic treatment in AD namely Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine and Memantine. Memantine functions as an NMDA receptor antagonist, whereas the other three drugs act by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) resulting in an increase in the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body. In the past decades, many advancements in the current drugs as well as the experimental drugs for AD have been made and these involve structural modifications and mechanistic improvements to increase the capacity of the molecules to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Synthesis of 2-acetylphenol-donepezil hybrids is an example of an approach which was adopted based on MultiTarget Directed Ligand (MTDL) strategy. Recently, synthesis of salicylanilide N-alkyl carbamates was carried out and these were observed to possess higher AChE inhibiting capacity than Rivastigmine. Memogain is an inactive prodrug of galantamine which has shown improved effectiveness, fewer side effects and due to its lipophilic nature is said to penetrate the BBB where it gets cleaved into active galantamine. Huperzine A is another highly selective AChE inhibitor and is approved for use only in China though not by USFDA. Tacrine and Huperazine A were combined together to form a hybrid molecule Huprine X, which is said to possess not only potency but also higher selectivity for AChE inhibition alongside anti-Aβ properties.
Raman (Rs) Spectroscopy for Biopharmaceutical Quality Control and PAT. Raw Material - Final Products: the Nanolipids Effect on Signal Intensity. Regulatory and Toxicological Aspects
Authors: luisetto Mauro
Published: September 2022

Relvant for this role the analytical procedure, specificity and sensibility of the methods to test raw materials but also the final products before commercialization. Aim of this work is to verify the role played by nanolipids on Raman (RS) Spettroscopy encapsulating active principle or other substantia unsing different procedure: • Destructive • Non destructive technique. This is relevant because regualtory agency authorized (EMA) for cGMP rules the use also of non destructive methods like RAMAN (RS) spettroscopy in various stage of manifacturing drugs (for raw material and final product).