bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits and drawbacks of videoconferencing for collaborating multidisciplinary teams in regional oncology networks: a scoping review
Authors: van Huizen Lidia S , Dijkstra Pieter U , van der Werf Sjoukje , Ahaus Kees , Roodenburg Jan LN
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Various forms of videoconferenced collaborations exist in oncology care. In regional oncology networks, multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are essential in coordinating care in their region. There is no recent overview of the benefits and drawbacks of videoconferenced collaborations in oncology care networks. This scoping review presents an overview of videoconferencing (VC) in oncology care and summarises its benefits and drawbacks regarding decision-making and care coordination.

Design

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (nursing and allied health) and the Cochrane Library from inception to October 2020 for studies that included VC use in discussing treatment plans and coordinating care in oncology networks between teams at different sites. Two reviewers performed data extraction and thematic analyses.

Results

Fifty studies were included. Six types of collaboration between teams using VC in oncology care were distinguished, ranging from MDTs collaborating with similar teams or with national or international experts to interactions between palliative care nurses and experts in that field. Patient benefits were less travel for diagnosis, better coordination of care, better access to scarce facilities and treatment in their own community. Benefits for healthcare professionals were optimised treatment plans through multidisciplinary discussion of complex cases, an ability to inform all healthcare professionals simultaneously, enhanced care coordination, less travel and continued medical education. VC added to the regular workload in preparing for discussions and increased administrative preparation.

Discussion

Benefits and drawbacks for collaborating teams were tied to general VC use. VC enabled better use of staff time and reduced the time spent travelling. VC equipment costs and lack of reimbursement were implementation barriers.

Conclusion

VC is highly useful for various types of collaboration in oncology networks and improves decision-making over treatment plans and care coordination, with substantial benefits for patients and specialists. Drawbacks are additional time related to administrative preparation.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the incidence and patterns of toxic exposures and poisoning in Jordan: a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Raffee Liqaa , Daradkeh Hamza M , Alawneh Khaled , Al-Fwadleh Aida I , Darweesh Moath , Hammad Nouran H , Almasarweh Sami A
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To describe the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown in Jordan (21 March 2020–21 May 2020) on the incidence and patterns of toxic exposures and poisoning as compared with the same period from the previous year (21 March 2019–21 May 2019).

Design

A retrospective descriptive study.

Methods

Call data sourced from Pharmacy One Poison Center from the lockdown period (21 March 2020–21 May 2020) and the same period during 2019 (21 March 2019–21 May 2019) were revised. In addition, a database was established and analysed.

Results

We noticed that not only did calls increased, but there was also a noticeable change in call patterns. Calls increased by 91% (544 vs 285 calls) during the lockdown period. Drugs were the most common among types of exposure, and the most prevalent route of exposure was ingestion. There was a notable increase in ocular exposure by 550% (13 vs 2 cases). The majority of exposures were at home and there were no occupational exposures. We found an increase in household cleaner exposure among males and an increase in alcohol exposure in females. Children aged below 5 years are the most affected. Even though there is an increase in the total number of cases, severe cases decreased.

Conclusion

The lockdown effect on rates of toxic exposures was prominent, whether through the increase in calls or the change in patterns. As people spent more time at home, their exposure to toxic agents increased. Furthermore, cleaning recommendations led to the misuse of cleaning and disinfectant products, increasing exposures related to abating the COVID-19 infection.
Identifying conducive contexts and working mechanisms of sedentary behaviour interventions in older adults: a realist review protocol as part of the ‘Stand UP Seniors’ project
Authors: Compernolle Sofie , Van Dyck Delfien , Vanhove Kenneth , Chastin Sebastien F M , Lauwerier Emelien , Cardon Greet
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Lifestyle behaviours, including sedentary behaviour, have been listed as key modifiable factors to promote healthy ageing. Sedentary behaviour is ubiquitous in older adults and has a strong link with age-related functional declines and chronic health conditions. Although several interventions have been developed aimed at the reduction of sedentary behaviour in older adults, little in-depth information is available on how these complex interventions work in different contexts. Therefore, the aim of our study was to unpack the mechanisms of how existing interventions aimed at the reduction of older adults’ sedentary behaviour work or fail to work in particular contexts in order to optimise the development and implementation of future sedentary behaviour interventions.

Methods and analysis

A realist review will be conducted as a first part of the Stand UP Seniors (SUPS) project and will be structured as follows: (1) defining the scope of the review, (2) searching and appraising the evidence, (3) extracting data and synthesising the results, and (4) drawing conclusions and formulating recommendations. The result of this iterative process will be a final programme theory that can be used to identify which context triggers which mechanism, and in turn might elicit which outcome. The final programme theory will be used to inform the second and the third parts of the SUPS project, which are, respectively, the development and evaluation of a sedentary behaviour intervention in older adults.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for the review. Dissemination of the realist review results, including the final programme theory, will occur through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences. The peer-reviewed realist review will be prepared according to the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards publication standards for realist syntheses.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021248795.
Process evaluation protocol of a cluster randomised trial for a scalable solution for delivery of Diabetes Self-Management Education in Thailand (DSME-T)
Authors: Papachristou Nadal Iliatha , Aramrat Chanchanok , Jiraporncharoen Wichuda , Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn , Wiwatkunupakarn Nutchar , Quansri Orawan , Rerkasem Kittipan , Srivanichakorn Supattra , Techakehakij Win , Wichit Nutchanath , Pateekhum Chanapat , Birk Nick , Ngetich Elisha , Khunti Kamlesh , Hanson Kara , Kinra Sanjay , Angkurawaranon Chaisiri
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major global challenge, including for Thai policy-makers, as an estimated 4 million people in Thailand (population 68 million) have this condition. Premature death and disability due to diabetes are primarily due to complications which can be prevented by good risk factor control. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) programmes provide patients with diabetes with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively manage their disease. Currently, a trial is being conducted in Thailand to evaluate the effectiveness, defined as HbA1c<7 at 12 months after enrolment, of a culturally tailored DSME in Thailand. A process evaluation can provide further interpretation of the results from complex interventions as well as insight into the success of applying the programme into a broader context.

Methods and analysis

The aim of the process evaluation is to understand how and why the intervention was effective or ineffective and to identify contextually relevant strategies for future successful implementation. For the process evaluation, the design will be a mixed-method study collecting data from nurse providers, and village health volunteers (community health workers) as well as patients. This will be conducted using observations, interviews and focus groups from the three purposively selected groups at the beginning and end of trial. Quantitative data will be collected through surveys conducted at the beginning, during 6-month follow-up, and at the end of trial. The mixed-methods analysis will be triangulated to assess differences and similarities across the various data sources. The overall effectiveness of the intervention will be examined using multilevel analysis of repeated measures.

Ethics and dissemination

Study approved by the Chiang Mai University Research Ethics Committee (326/2018) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (16113/RR/12850). Results will be published in open access, peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Trial registration number

NCT03938233.
Impact of a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention on pain, agitation and delirium management in an intensive care unit: an experience of a Canadian community hospital in conducting a quality improvement project
Authors: Ma Zechen , Camargo Penuela Mercedes , Law Madelyn , Joshi Divya , Chung Han-Oh , Lam Joyce Nga Hei , Tsang Jennifer LY
Published: December 2021

Background

Clinical guidelines suggest that routine assessment, treatment, and prevention of pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) is essential to improving patient outcomes as delirium is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Despite the well-established improvements on patient outcomes, adherence to PAD guidelines is poor in community intensive care units (ICU). This quality improvement (QI) project aims to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention on PAD management in a Canadian community ICU and to describe the experience of a Canadian community hospital in conducting a QI project.

Methods

A ten-member PAD advisory committee was formed to develop and implement the intervention. The intervention consisted of a multidisciplinary rounds script, poster, interviews, visual reminders, educational modules, pamphlet and video. The 4-week intervention targeted nurses, family members, physicians, and the multidisciplinary team. An uncontrolled, before-and-after study methodology was used. Adherence to PAD assessment guidelines by nurses was measured over a 6-week pre-intervention and over a 6-week post-intervention periods.

Results

Data on 430 and 406 patient-days (PD) were available for analysis during the pre- and post- intervention periods, respectively. The intervention did not improve the proportion of PD with guideline compliance to the assessment of pain (23.4% vs. 22.4%, p=0.80), agitation (42.9% vs. 38.9%, p=0.28), nor delirium (35.2% vs. 29.6%, p=0.10) by nurses.

Discussion

The implementation of a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention on PAD assessment did not result in significant improvements in guideline adherence in a community ICU. Barriers to knowledge translation are apparent at multiple levels including the personal level (low completion rates on educational modules), interventional level (under-collection of data), and organisational level (coinciding with hospital accreditation education). Our next steps include reintroduction of education modules using organisation approved platforms, updating existing ICU policy, updating admission order sets, and conducting audit and feedback.
Genomic profiles and their associations with TMB, PD-L1 expression, and immune cell infiltration landscapes in synchronous multiple primary lung cancers
Authors: Hu Chunhong , Zhao Lishu , Liu Wenliang , Fan Songqing , Liu Junqi , Liu Yuxuan , Liu Xiaohan , Shu Long , Liu Xianling , Liu Ping , Deng Chao , Qiu Zhenhua , Chen Chen , Jiang Yi , Liang Qingchun , Yang Lingling , Shao Yang , He Qiongzhi , Yu Danlei , Zeng Yue , Li Yizheng , Pan Yue , Zhang Sujuan , Shi Shenghao , Peng Yurong , Wu Fang
Published: December 2021

Background

Diagnosing and treating patients with multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) bring challenges to the clinic, and the preliminary evidence has revealed unsatisfying outcomes after targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, we surveyed genomic profiles of MPLCs and their possible associations with tumor mutation burden (TMB), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and the immune cell infiltration landscape.

Materials and methods

A total of 112 patients with MPLCs with surgically resected 294 tumors were eligible, and 255 tumors were sequenced using a 1021-gene panel. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the levels of PD-L1 and the density of CD3+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and CD68+/CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) at the central tumor and invasive margin, and immunotypes were generated based on those variables.

Results

MPLCs often occur simultaneously in non-smoker women younger than 60 years and manifest as ground-glass opacities, adenocarcinoma, and stage I lung lesions. The most frequently mutated genes in the 255 tumors were EGFR (56%), ERBB2 (12%), TP53 (12%), BRAF (11%), RBM10 (11%), and KRAS (9%). We found 87 (77.7%) patients with diverse genomic profiles, and 61 (54.5%) who shared at least one putative driver gene between different tumors presented more aggressive tumors. The median TMB was 1.92 mutations/Mb, and high-TMB (≥3) lesions often harbored EGFRL858R/KRASG12C/RBM10/TP53/LRP1B mutations or wild-type ERBB2. Only 8.1% of patients and 3.9% of lesions were positive for PD-L1 on tumor cells, and this positivity was more frequent in LRP1B/TP53-mutant tumors. EGFRL858R/RBM10/TP53 mutations were positively associated with specific immune cells and an inflamed immunotype, but ERBB2 mutations were negatively correlated. TMB, CD3+TILs, and CD68+/CD163+ TAMs presented with significant heterogeneity among paired tumors (all kappa <0.2), but PD-L1 and CD8 +TILs were more uniformly present in tumor pairs.

Conclusion

MPLCs are driven by different molecular events and often exhibit low TMB, low PD-L1, and a heterogeneous immune infiltration landscape. Specific genomic profiles are associated with TMB and the tumor immune microenvironmental landscape in MPLCs. Our findings can help to guide MPLCs diagnoses and to identify patient populations that may benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
Prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nyemba Dorothy Chiwoniso , Haddison Eposi C , Wang Colin , Johnson Leigh Francis , Myer Landon , Davey Dvora Joseph
Published: December 2021

Objective

STIs remain a global public health problem with a high burden among pregnant women. STIs in pregnant women may lead to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. In most sub-Saharan African countries, syndromic management is used for screening and treatment of STIs. We aimed to update and summarise pooled prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant published and unpublished studies were searched from March 2015 to October 2020. Studies were included if theyestimated prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Trichomonas vaginalis(TV),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG),Treponema pallidum(syphilis),Mycoplasma genitalium(MG) and BV among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Meta-analyses were performed with observed prevalences corrected for diagnostic errors to estimate the pooled prevalence of diagnosed infections by region.

Results

A total of 48 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing 85-point prevalence estimates for curable STIs and BV. Pooled prevalence estimates (with 95% CI and number of women tested) were as follows: MG: 13.5% (4.0–27.2, n=1076); CT: 10.8% (6.9–15.5, n=6700); TV: 13.8% (10.0–18.0, n=9264); NG: 3.3% (2.1–4.7, n=6019); syphilis: 2.9% (2.0–4.0, n=95 308) and BV: 36.6% (27.1–46.6, n=5042). By region, BV was the most prevalent and ranged from 28.5% (24.5–32.8, n=1030) in Eastern Africa to 52.4% (33.5–70.9, n=2305) in Southern Africa; NG had the lowest prevalence, ranging from 1.4% (95% CI 0.1 to 3.1, n=367) in Central Africa to 4.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 6.4, n=4042) in Southern Africa.

Conclusion

The prevalence of curable STIs and BV in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial in pregnant women but most prevalent in Southern Africa where HIV prevalence is highest. It is crucial to integrate screening of curable STIs into antenatal care programmes that have previously focused on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis and HIV.
A coupled bio-chemo-hydro-mechanical model for bio-cementation in porous media
Authors: Mehrabi Ronak , Atefi-Monfared Kamelia
Published: December 2021

A key challenge involving microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is lack of rigorous yet practical theoretical models to predict the intricate biological–chemical–hydraulic–mechanical (BCHM) processes and the resulting bio-cement production. This paper presents a novel BCHM model based on multiphase, multispecies reactive transport approach in the framework of poroelasticity, aimed at achieving reasonable prediction of the produced bio-cement, and the enhanced geomechanical characteristics. The proposed model incorporates four key components: (i) coupling of hydro-mechanical stress–strain alterations with bio-chemical processes; (ii) stress–strain changes induced due to precipitation and growth of bio-cement within the porous matrix; (iii) spatiotemporal variability in hydraulic and stiffness characteristics of the treated medium; and (iv) velocity dependency of the attachment rate of bacteria. The fully coupled BCHM model predicts key unknown parameters during treatment including concentration of bacteria and chemical solutions, precipitated calcium carbonate, hydraulic properties of the solid skeleton, and in situ pore pressures and strains. The model was able to reasonably predict bio-cementation from two different laboratory column experiments. The Kozeny–Carman permeability equation is found to underestimate permeability reductions due to bio-cementation, while the Verma–Pruess relation could be more accurate. A sensitivity analysis revealed bio-cement distribution to be particularly sensitive to the attachment rate of bacteria.
Leaf structural traits of two Restinga plant species with different resistance patterns to iron toxicity
Authors: Santana Brenda Vila Nova , Siqueira-Silva Advanio Inácio , Araújo Talita Oliveira de , Silva Luzimar Campos da
Published: December 2021

Iron mining activities are a source of particulate iron, which contaminates soil and plants of Restinga biome (Brazil). To investigate the possible effects of iron toxicity on Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. leaves, plants were submitted to different exposure times (12, 36, 108, and 228 hours) and iron concentrations (0.5 or 150 mg·L−1 Fe2+ as FeSO4·7H2O). After 108 hours of iron excess treatment, C. rosea leaves were chlorotic, whereas I. pes-caprae leaves presented venal chlorosis and bronzing after 228 hours of iron excess treatment. The anatomical alterations in I. pes-caprae were more intense and appeared after 36 hours, which was earlier than in C. rosea. The leaf epidermal cells of I. pes-caprae presented alterations in organization, size, and shape, and for both species the epicuticular wax was altered and wax rupture occurred close to the stomata. The positive staining for the presence of iron in leaf tissues matches with damaged areas in I. pes-caprae leaves, indicating direct iron toxicity. Ipomoea pes-caprae presented the most severe symptoms, whereas C. rosea presented the most resistance. The results suggest that, over time, the emission of particulate matter may negatively impact the ecological succession and biodiversity of Restinga.
TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS TO A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF FRACTIONAL ORDER (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL BREAKING SOLITON EQUATION
Authors: ALI UMAIR , GANIE A. H. , KHAN ILYAS , ALOTAIBI F. , KAMRAN KASHIF , MUHAMMAD SHABBIR , AL-HARTOMY OMAR A.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to consider solving an important mathematical model of fractional order ([Formula: see text])-dimensional breaking soliton (Calogero) equation by Khater method. The derivatives are in the local fractional derivative sense. The fractional transformation equation is utilized to convert the proposed nonlinear fractional order differential equation into nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The Khater method is used to construct the closed-form traveling wave solutions of the said fractional differential equation. In addition, many new exact solutions are constructed. This shows that the Khater method is more convenient, powerful, and easy to solve the nonlinear fractional differential equation arising in mathematical physics.
APATITIC NANOPOWDERS AND COATINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: SINGH RAVINDER PAL , BATRA UMA
Published: December 2021

The use of artificial biomaterials has been acclaiming potential therapeutic scope in diverse clinical applications. This review started with the description of the basics of biomaterials, and desirable properties, which are the prerequisites to understand biomaterials. The orthopedic biomaterials, their classification and the importance of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials for hard-tissue applications were utterly discussed. Furthermore, among the various CaP biominerals, the importance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and its synthesis techniques was comprehensively reviewed. The sol–gel route for the synthesis of HAP nanoparticles and deposition of coatings were systematically studied. Among the metallic substrates, Ti6Al4V alloy remained the focus of this study. Moreover, several film pre-preparation methods were also given due importance. The importance of other surface modification techniques, especially in the context of Ti6Al4V substrates, was also discussed. Among several coating techniques to deposit CaP coatings, special attention was paid to the spin and dip coating techniques. In addition to monolithic HAP coatings, reinforced and antimicrobial HAP coatings were also reviewed from broad perspectives. Therefore, this review provides an in-depth insight into the preparation and properties of apatitic nanoparticles and their coatings for orthopedic and dental applications.
Controllable optical bistability based on rotation in semiconductor micro-cavity
Authors: Mukherjee Kousik , Samanta Anjan , Jana Paresh Chandra
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we discuss a possibility to realize the optical bistability in a rotating semiconductor micro-cavity system. To study the mean cavity photon number profile, we have obtained stationary solution by solving Heisenberg–Langevin equations of motion. In a rotating semiconductor micro-cavity system, bistability is observed when the cavity is driven externally in one direction but not the other direction. The bistable behavior is possible for strong coupling regime, and this can be controlled by hopping strength, decay rates and pump power. The photon profile also shows tunable zero intensity window. The system may be useful to design all-optical switch and optical flip–flop i.e., optical memory element, which would be faster in applications and compact in size.
A Perspective of Flexible Manufacturing System in Manufacturing Sectors
Authors: Ganvir Kanchan D. , Jain Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

The rapid changes in customer demand force manufacturers to develop new technologies for flexibility enhancement in the manufacturing system. Different kinds of literature are available to explain the issues in the Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and different traditional techniques employed for solving such issues. However, several new techniques have emerged in the past 25 years and no literature reviews exist to differentiate such modern approaches from traditional ones. The core purpose of this review is to study and investigate different levels of techniques involved in the effective implementation of FMS. This paper serves with some reasonable investigation of flexible issues faced in manufacturing industries such as scheduling, machine loading, material handling, and decision-making stage. For each manufacturing issue, the emerged manufacturing techniques are described in this review. This will also help future researchers interested in doing their research work in the area of FMS. It provides information to develop the best model for solving issues of the observed FMS problem. This paper contains the details of issues related to flexibility in manufacturing sectors with its resolving techniques that are reviewed and symbolized between the years 2000 and 2021.
The opening and closure of oceanic seaways during the Cenozoic: pacemaker of global climate change?
Authors: Bahr André , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Karas Cyrus
Published: December 2021

The opening and constriction of oceanic gateways played an essential role in shaping the global climate throughout Earth's history. In this review, we provide an overview of the best-documented feedbacks between gateway dynamics and climate change throughout the Cenozoic. The discussed tectonically induced events comprise: (i) the opening of the Tasmanian Gateway and the glaciation of Antarctica during the Eocene–Oligocene; (ii) the water-mass exchange between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean via the Strait of Gibraltar that has occurred since the Miocene; and (iii) the closure of the American Seaway and (iv) the constriction of the Indonesian Throughflow, both argued to have been instrumental in the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Lastly, we look at (v) the climatic impact of the flooding and submergence of the Bering Strait during the Plio-Pleistocene and its influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. While different in their underlying mechanisms, geographical scale and temporal evolution, these case studies demonstrate that even seemingly small-scale changes in the configuration of ocean seaways fundamentally altered the global climate system via their impact on oceanic currents, global heat transfer and carbon storage.
Bounded Verification of Multi-threaded Programs via Lazy Sequentialization
Authors: Inverso Omar , Tomasco Ermenegildo , Fischer Bernd , La Torre Salvatore , Parlato Gennaro
Published: December 2021

Bounded verification techniques such as bounded model checking (BMC) have successfully been used for many practical program analysis problems, but concurrency still poses a challenge. Here, we describe a new approach to BMC of sequentially consistent imperative programs that use POSIX threads. We first translate the multi-threaded program into a nondeterministic sequential program that preserves reachability for all round-robin schedules with a given bound on the number of rounds. We then reuse existing high-performance BMC tools as backends for the sequential verification problem. Our translation is carefully designed to introduce very small memory overheads and very few sources of nondeterminism, so it produces tight SAT/SMT formulae, and is thus very effective in practice: Our Lazy-CSeq tool implementing this translation for the C programming language won several gold and silver medals in the concurrency category of the Software Verification Competitions (SV-COMP) 2014–2021 and was able to find errors in programs where all other techniques (including testing) failed. In this article, we give a detailed description of our translation and prove its correctness, sketch its implementation using the CSeq framework, and report on a detailed evaluation and comparison of our approach.
Deterministic Constant-Amortized-RMR Abortable Mutex for CC and DSM
Authors: Jayanti Prasad , Jayanti Siddhartha
Published: December 2021

The abortable mutual exclusion problem, proposed by Scott and Scherer in response to the needs in real-time systems and databases, is a variant of mutual exclusion that allows processes to abort from their attempt to acquire the lock. Worst-case constant remote memory reference algorithms for mutual exclusion using hardware instructions such as Fetch&Add or Fetch&Store have long existed for both cache coherent (CC) and distributed shared memory multiprocessors, but no such algorithms are known for abortable mutual exclusion. Even relaxing the worst-case requirement to amortized, algorithms are only known for the CC model.

In this article, we improve this state of the art by designing a deterministic algorithm that uses Fetch&Store to achieve amortized
O
(1) remote memory reference in both the CC and distributed shared memory models. Our algorithm supports Fast Abort (a process aborts within six steps of receiving the abort signal) and has the following additional desirable properties: it supports an arbitrary number of processes of arbitrary names, requires only
O
(1) space per process, and satisfies a novel fairness condition that we call
Airline FCFS
. Our algorithm is short with fewer than a dozen lines of code.
Contributions of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to Child Development
Authors: James Sarah , McLanahan Sara , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne
Published: December 2021

We describe the promise of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) for developmental researchers. FFCWS is a birth cohort study of 4,898 children born in 1998–2000 in large US cities. This prospective national study collected data on children and parents at birth and during infancy (age 1), toddlerhood (age 3), early childhood (age 5), middle childhood (age 9), adolescence (age 15), and, in progress, young adulthood (age 22). Though FFCWS was created to understand the lives of unmarried parent families, its comprehensive data on parents, children, and contexts can be used to explore many other developmental questions. We identify six opportunities for developmentalists: ( a) analyzing developmental trajectories, ( b) identifying the importance of the timing of exposures for later development, ( c) documenting bidirectional influences on development, ( d) understanding development in context, ( e) identifying biological moderators and mechanisms, and ( f) using an urban-born cohort that is large, diverse, and prospective.
Deciphering Temperature Seasonality in Earth's Ancient Oceans
Authors: Ivany Linda C. , Judd Emily J.
Published: December 2021

Ongoing global warming due to anthropogenic climate change has long been recognized, yet uncertainties regarding how seasonal extremes will change in the future persist. Paleoseasonal proxy data from intervals when global climate differed from today can help constrain how and why the annual temperature cycle has varied through space and time. Records of past seasonal variation in marine temperatures are available in the oxygen isotope values of serially sampled accretionary organisms. The most useful data sets come from carefully designed and computationally robust studies that enable characterization of paleoseasonal parameters and seamless integration with mean annual temperature data sets and climate models. Seasonal data sharpen interpretations of—and quantify overlooked or unconstrained seasonal biases in—the more voluminous mean temperature data and aid in the evaluation of climate model performance. Methodologies to rigorously analyze seasonal data are now available, and the promise of paleoseasonal proxy data for the next generation of paleoclimate research is significant. ▪ The seasonal cycle defines climate and its constraints on biology, both today and in the deep past. ▪ Paleoseasonal data improve proxy-based estimates of mean annual temperature and validate Earth System Model simulations. ▪ Large, internally consistent data sets can reveal robust spatiotemporal climate patterns on the ancient Earth and how they change with pCO2. ▪ Computational tools enable rigorous numerical analysis of paleoseasonal data for comparison with other paleoclimate data and model output.
The Effect of Expanded and Natural Flake Graphite Additives on Positive Active Mass Utilization of the Lead-Acid Battery
Authors: Kosacki Julian , Dogan Fatih
Published: December 2021

The effects of expanded and not expanded (natural flake) graphite additives were evaluated on the discharge utilization of the positive active material (PAM) in the lead-acid battery. Graphite powders were added to the paste at 2.20 vol. % and tested in model 2V battery cells under a wide range of discharge currents from 8C to C/20. The effects of graphite on the PAM pore volume and pore size distribution were measured with mercury porosimetry, and a good correlation was found between the pore volume of the PAM and utilization performance of the cells. It was shown that the powder characteristics of graphite can affect the PAM pore volume. A correlation was found between the graphite additives’ structural order and PAM utilization.
Participation value of undergraduate students leading STEM outreach: evaluation of academic, personal, and professional effects
Authors: Saville Elizabeth , Jakobi Jennifer , Beaudoin Anne Sophie , Cherkowski Sabre
Published: December 2021

This study explores the academic, professional, and personal career benefits of leading science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) outreach, from the perspective of undergraduate student leaders. We consider traditional and nontraditional STEM university students, gender, and type of position (paid or volunteer) in this evaluation. Data were collected through an online survey completed by 30 former student STEM outreach leaders from the University of British Columbia. Self-reported survey data indicated that STEM outreach had a moderately strong average impact of 6.89 ± 1.55 out of 10 on participants’ personal, academic, and professional development, with no significant differences between these areas. Outcomes did not differ between genders, and paid work was found to contribute to greater personal and professional impact. The positive influence of outreach on academic and professional decision making was higher in traditional STEM fields than STEM-based health-science studies. The outcomes of this research adds insight into positive impacts of STEM outreach on university student instructors.
Navigating the “COVID hangover” in physiology courses
Authors: Schaefer Jennifer E.
Published: December 2021

Undergraduate educators and students must navigate lingering aftereffects of the COVID pandemic on education in the 2021–2022 academic year even as COVID continues to impact delivery of undergraduate science education. This article describes ongoing difficulties for undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students and educators and suggests strategies and easy-to-use resources that may help educators navigate the “COVID hangover” and ongoing COVID-related disruptions.
Effort, success, and side of lesion determine arm choice in individuals with chronic stroke
Authors: Kim Sujin , Han Cheol E. , Kim Bokkyu , Winstein Carolee J. , Schweighofer Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Although we are seldom aware of it, we constantly make decisions to use one arm or the other in daily activities. Here, we studied whether these decisions change following stroke. Our results show that effort, success, and side of lesion determine arm choice in a reaching task: whereas left-paretic individuals modified their arm choice in response to failures in reaching the target, right-paretic individuals showed a pattern of choice independent of failures.
Research on News Text Classification Based on Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhu Yunlong
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problems of low classification accuracy and low efficiency of existing news text classification methods, a new method of news text classification based on deep learning convolutional neural network is proposed. Determine the weight of the news text data through the VSM (Viable System Model) vector space model, calculate the information gain of mutual information, and determine the characteristics of the news text data; on this basis, use the hash algorithm to encode the news text data to calculate any news. The spacing between the text data realizes the feature preprocessing of the news text data; this article analyzes the basic structure of the deep learning convolutional neural network, uses the convolutional layer in the convolutional neural network to determine the change value of the convolution kernel, trains the news text data, builds a news text classifier of deep learning convolutional neural network, and completes news text classification. The experimental results show that the deep learning convolutional neural network can improve the accuracy and speed of news text classification, which is feasible.
Disguise of Steganography Behaviour: Steganography Using Image Processing with Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Li Mingjie , Wang Zichi , Song Haoxian , Liu Yong
Published: December 2021

The deep learning based image steganalysis is becoming a serious threat to modification-based image steganography in recent years. Generation-based steganography directly produces stego images with secret data and can resist the advanced steganalysis algorithms. This paper proposes a novel generation-based steganography method by disguising the stego images into the kinds of images processed by normal operations (e.g., histogram equalization and sharpening). Firstly, an image processing model is trained using DCGAN and WGAN-GP, which is used to generate the images processed by normal operations. Then, the noise mapped by secret data is inputted into the trained model, and the obtained stego image is indistinguishable from the processed image. In this way, the steganographic process can be covered by the process of image processing, leaving little embedding trace in the process of steganography. As a result, the security of steganography is guaranteed. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has better security performance than the existing steganographic methods when checked by state-of-the-art steganalytic tools, and the superiority and applicability of the proposed work are shown.
Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Sen , Zhang Yue , Zhang Xin , Jiang Yaping , Wang Xixi , Zheng Pengxiang , Chen Yihui
Published: December 2021

Background. We aimed to investigate the symptoms of the dry eye disease (DED) of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods. This cross-sectional, observational study analysis included 91 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the five-item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) were used to assess the severity of DED symptoms in the patients, and the analysis of variance was used to determine the factors associated with DED. Results. A total of 42 patients consented to complete the investigation (response rate 46.15%). There were 26 (61.90%) patients who were diagnosed with DED symptoms by OSDI, and there were 28 (66.67%) patients with DED symptoms who were diagnosed by DEQ-5 score. For the biochemical tests, the patients with DED symptoms had lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels compared to those with no DED symptoms (20.86 vs. 42.14,

p
=
0.04

). Further analysis showed that a previous history of cardiac or stroke disease (

p
=
0.02

) and typical symptoms of muscle soreness (

p
=
0.03

) were significantly different among the four DED symptoms groups on the basis of OSDI scores. The contributing factors of OSDI were mainly focused on visual function and environmental triggers. Conclusion. The incidence of DED symptoms is higher in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The serum AST levels, history of cardiac or stroke disease, and the typical symptoms of muscle soreness may be the main impact factors on DED symptoms. We also need to pay more attention to the visual function and environmental triggers of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Application Design of AI Image Recognition in Power System
Authors: Jia Boyan , Zhang Zizi , Jia Jingran , Shen Hongliang , Ding Likun
Published: December 2021

With the continuous development of social economy, more and more attention is paid to the safety of power systems. However, since the power system involves a wide range of areas, how to effectively maintain power safety is extremely important. The AI image recognition technology is introduced to effectively identify the relevant signal lamps, digital instrument panels, switch positions, etc., of power equipment and sort out the specific identification process. Simulation experiments prove that AI image recognition is effective and can support the application of power systems.
On Symmetry of Complete Graphs over Quadratic and Cubic Residues
Authors: Mateen M. Haris , Mahmood M. Khalid , Ali Shahbaz , Alam M. D. Ashraful
Published: December 2021

In this study, we investigate two graphs, one of which has units of a ring

Z

n

as vertices (or nodes) and an edge will be built between two vertices

u

and

v

if and only if

u

3

≡

v

3

mod
 
n

. This graph will be termed as cubic residue graph. While the other is called Gaussian quadratic residue graph whose vertices are the elements of a Gaussian ring

Z

n

i

of the form

α
=
a
+
i
b
,
β
=
c
+
i
  
d

, where

a
,
b
,
c
,
d

are the units of

Z

n

. Two vertices

α

and

β

are adjacent to each other if and only if

α

2

≡

β

2

mod
 
n

. In this piece of work, we characterize cubic and Gaussian quadratic residue graphs for each positive integer

n

in terms of complete graphs.
Development of a Mobile Application for Interaction between Patients and Doctors in Rural Populations
Authors: Alazzam Malik Bader , Alassery Fawaz , Almulihi Ahmed
Published: December 2021

This study describes the process of construction and evolution of the software development of the mobile application that allows patient-doctor-specialist interaction in rural areas of Iraq and helps the patient receive prompt medical guidance without the need for unnecessary transfers because the doctor, general or specialist, can provide it through the application. The construction of the application was carried out using the Design Thinking process to obtain the MVP3 (minimum viable product) and the Running Lean process to perform the iterations and reach the application that adds value to the user. For the application software development, the evolutionary development model and some activities of the agile scrum framework were applied.
Field Measurement and Study on Overburden Fracture and Surface Subsidence Law of Solid Filling Mining under Buildings
Authors: Fu Zhiyong , Zhou Lujie , Yu Kai , Li Wanzhen , Chen Hu
Published: December 2021

In order to predict the surface subsidence scientifically in solid filling mining, it is necessary to establish a complete subsidence prediction model and parameter system according to the evolution law of overburden structure and strata movement characteristics. Mine pressure monitoring and borehole peeping show that the overburden in solid filling mining is mainly a bending zone with relatively complete layered structure, and the overburden only develops a certain height of fault zone near the roof, without collapse. The results show that the surface subsidence pattern of solid filling mining can still be described by probability integral model, and the parameter system of the surface subsidence prediction model based on “equivalent mining height” is further discussed. Finally, the prediction model of surface subsidence established in this paper is applied to an engineering example, and good results are achieved.
Stress Distribution and Failure Characteristics of Stope Overburden of an Inclined Coal Seam
Authors: Liu Xin , Sun Jian , Yang Yong
Published: December 2021

The stress distribution, failure depth, and shape and range of overlying strata of the stope are important bases for the prevention of roof water hazards and determination of reasonable locations of roof roadways. Based on the hydrogeological data of the E9103 workface, FLAC numerical simulation software was used to establish a numerical calculation model of the overlying strata of the E9103 inclined coal seam, and the stress distribution and failure characteristics of the overlying strata were analyzed. The development height of the caving and water-flowing fractured zones in the overlying strata of the workface was determined. Results showed that the stress reduction area appeared above the goaf in the form of an “arched” distribution, and tensile stress occurred in the local area of the overburden. The overburden relief arch of the workface was symmetrically distributed along the advanced direction and asymmetrically distributed along the inclined direction, with the arch crown deflecting above the workface. The horizontal and vertical displacements of the overlying strata of the stope increased with the advancing distance of the workface. The horizontal displacement in the

x

-direction presented two obvious regions, and the critical points of the two regions moved forward with the advancement of the workface and showed a certain degree of symmetry. The horizontal displacement in the

y

-direction presented an “inverted bowl” distribution and increased with the advancement of the workface. The main failure forms of the overlying strata of the workface were a tensile and shear failure, and shear failure was dominant in the upper direction. The height of the overburden caving zone in the workface had little relationship with the advancing distance of the workface and increased slowly as the advancing distance of the workface increased. The development height of the caving zone is 7.2–18.13 m. The development height of the water conduction fissure zone increased rapidly with the increase in the advancing distance of the workface. When the advancing distance was equal to the length of the workface, the development height of the water conduction fissure zone was flat and basically maintained at a stable value. The development height of the water conduction fissure zone is 30.8–62.2 m. These research findings have important engineering importance for ensuring safe and efficient mining of E9103 workface.