bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation Behavior of Alloy 718 Built Up by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Kuo Yen-Ling , Hayashi Shigenari , Yu Hao , Kakehi Koji
Published: March 2024

The current work presented a study of isothermal-oxidation behavior of the additive manufactured (AM) Alloy718 in air at 800°C. The oxidation behavior of Alloy718 specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) process were comparatively examined. No significant differences were observed in oxidation kinetics while different microstructures of the oxide scale were found. Coarse and columnar chromia grains developed on SLM specimens, whereas the chromia scale of EBM specimens consisted of extremely fine grains. Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES) analysis revealed that SLM specimens contain a higher content of Ti in chromia compared with EBM specimens. Process-induced supersaturation in SLM specimens might lead to a relatively high concentration of Ti in the chromia, which may affect the grain morphology of oxide scale in the SLM specimen.
Development of Steam Turbine for A-USC Plant
Authors: Suga Takeo , Takahashi Takeo
Published: March 2024

Enhancement of the steam conditions is one of the most effective measures to achieve the goal of higher thermal efficiency. 700°C class A-USC (Advanced Ultra Super Critical Steam Conditions) power plant is one of the remarkable technologies to achieve the goal and reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants. Toshiba has been working on the A-USC development project with subsidy from METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) and NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). In this project, A-USC power plants with steam parameters of 35MPa 700/720/720°C were considered. To date, various materials have been developed and tested to verify their characteristics for use in A-USC power plants. And some of these materials are being investigated as to their suitability for use in long term. Together with members of the project, we carried out the boiler component test using a commercially-operating boiler. We manufactured a small-scale turbine casing made of nickel-based alloy, and supplied it for the test. In addition, we manufactured a turbine rotor for turbine rotation tests, and carried out the test at 700°C and rotating speed of 3,600rpm conditions. In this paper, we show the results of the A-USC steam turbine development obtained by the project.
The Development of the Middle Scale Prototype for the Rotor Used in the 630 °C Steam Turbine
Authors: Gong Xiufang , Wang Tianjian , Gao Zhenhuan , Zhong Jie , Miki Kazuhiro , Ohsaki Satoru , Muto Yohei , Mito Yusuke , Yamane Yusuke , Takasawa Koichi , Takahashi Tatsuya
Published: March 2024

A 10%Cr martensitic steel for rotor applications, COST FB2, was used in 620°C steam turbines for about four years in China. In order to increase the unit efficiency to 50% of the coal-fired power plant, an advanced 630°C steam turbine developed by DongFang Turbine Co., Ltd will be put into operation in 2021. A three-ton middle-scale prototype turbine rotor forging (3387FC1) was developed and evaluated through the collaborative work of DongFang Turbine and the Japan Steel Works (JSW) using JMATR, a high-performance heat-resistant steel developed by JSW. Test results for the prototype rotor, including homogeneity of chemical composition, ultrasonic tests, mechanical properties, and long-term creep behaviors, and microstructure, are presented and discussed.
Creep Life Assessment Method for Welded Joint of Grade 91 Steel Using Small Sample
Authors: Yagchi Masatsugu
Published: March 2024

A new method of creep life assessment was developed to consider heat-to-heat variations of welded joints of materials used in power plants. This paper explains a scheme of the assessment method and also describes an actual implementation of the method for Grade 91 steel. In the method, creep properties of the welded joints are related to those of each base metal because the heat-to-heat variations of welded joints strongly depend on the creep properties of the corresponding base metals. To estimate the creep properties of each base metal of the target pipe, microstructure analyses and small punch creep tests were conducted using small samples cut from the base metals in service, and evaluations were done on the basis of material data base obtained using standard test samples of long-term service exposed pipes. It is expected that the precision of the life assessment of pipes will be significantly improved using the developed method because it can consider the heat-to-heat variations of their materials, which are not considered in existing life assessment methods.
Assessment of Effect of Taking Miniature Sample Scoop on Creep Life of Grade 91 Steel Pipe
Authors: Kanai Masayuki , Tomobe Masato , Yaguchi Masatsugu , Komazaki Shin-ichi , Kumada Akihiro
Published: March 2024

The effect of taking miniature sample scoops on the creep life of ASME Grade 91 steel pipes was experimentally and analytically assessed in this work. Internal pressure tests were conducted on tubular specimens having defects on their outer surface, which simulate sampling scoops. The creep life did not decrease until the depth ratio of the defect to the wall thickness of the specimens was about 5%, and the creep life decreased with increasing defect depth when the depth ratio exceeded about 5%. When the depth ratio was about 11%, the creep life decreased to four-fifths of that of a specimen with no defects. In addition, as a result of investigating the stress concentration around a defect with a depth ratio of about 5% by the finite element method, stress concentration was clearly observed around the defect. These results suggest that taking a miniature sample up to a depth of 5% of the thickness of a Grade 91 steel pipe in service has a negligible effect on the creep life of the pipe.
Effects of γ-TiAl/γ Lamellar Interfaces and Grain-Boundary α2-Ti3Al Phase on Creep of TiAl Based Alloy
Authors: Wakabayashi Hideki , Yamagata Ryosuke , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Takeyama Masao
Published: March 2024

The creep behavior of a γ-TiAl based alloy at 1073 K was investigated, examining three different microstructures: equiaxed γ (Eγ), γ/γ fully lamellar (FLγ), and equiaxed γ with α2 phase on grain boundaries (Eγα2). The aim was to understand the influence of lamellar interfaces and grain boundary α2 phase on creep behavior. Initially, creep rates were consistent across all specimens upon loading. However, Eγ exhibited a gradual decrease in creep rate compared to Eγα2 and FLγ. Notably, the minimum creep rate of Eγ was one order of magnitude lower than that of Eγα2 and FLγ. Conversely, Eγα2 and FLγ displayed a slight acceleration and the longest rupture strain, albeit with the shortest rupture time compared to Eγ. Upon microstructural analysis of of the creep-test specimens, it was observed that numerous dynamic recrystallized grains (DXGs) and sub-grains formed along grain boundaries and interiors in Eγ, whereas they were limited to the region along grain boundaries in FLγ. In contrast, very few DXGs were formed in Eγα2. These findings indicate that γ/γ interfaces inhibit the extension of DXGs into grain interiors, suggesting that the grain boundary α2 phase effectively suppresses the formation of DXGs.
Precipitation Kinetics of TCP (Fe2Nb) and GCP (Ni3Nb) Phases in Fe-Cr-Ni-Nb Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels with Partial Replacement of Nb with Ta
Authors: Oh Seongtak , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Kobayashi Satoru , Takeyama Masao
Published: March 2024

In the present study, the precipitation kinetics of topologically close-packed (TCP) Fe2Nb Laves and geometrically close-packed (GCP) Ni3Nb phases is studied quantitatively in experimental alloys with different Ta / Nb+Ta ratio, to clarify the mec4hanism of the Ta effect. The microstructure of alloys is changed from Widmanstätten structure to lamellar structure due to discontinuous precipitation, with increasing Ta / Nb+Ta. It is confirmed that Ta partitions into both Fe2Nb Laves and Ni3Nb phases. However, two phases stability is changed by added Ta content. Ta accelerates the formation kinetics of the precipitates at grain boundaries, as well as γ“-GCP phase within grain interiors, due to increased supersaturation by Ta addition. Besides, Ta retards the transformation kinetics of metastable γ“-Ni3Nb to stable the δ-Ni3Nb phase. The results indicate that Ta decreases the driving force for the transformation of the δ-GCP phase.
Do Direito de Causar Dano ao Direito da Maximização da Riqueza: Coase, Posner e Parâmetros Teóricos ao Estilo de Chicago para Decisões Jurídicas Pró-Mercados
Authors: Ferreira Hugo Luís Pena
Published: March 2024

Ronald Coase e Richard Posner foram centrais para o desenvolvimento da Análise Econômica do Direito (AED) ao estilo de Chicago entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970. O artigo objetiva caracterizar como Coase e Posner contribuíram para estruturar uma moldura favorecedora de decisões pró-mercados via AED. A metodologia adotada centra-se em revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e analítico. A principal contribuição proposta é a caracterização e sistematização de elementos do pensamento desses autores, de modo tanto a evidenciar as conexões entre suas principais teses quanto suas associações com a Sociedade Mont-Pèlerin e fundos de financiamento que compartilhavam com a AED a mesma sensibilidade econômica pró-mercados. Nesse sentido, o artigo posiciona as formulações de Coase e Posner, centradas no aspecto da eficiência econômica, como indutoras de decisões limitadoras de políticas públicas redistributivas, consubstanciando um direito da maximização da riqueza que relega considerações de equidade distributiva a segundo plano.
Kajian Perbandingan Sistem Hukum Adopsi Anak di Indonesia dan Kazakhtan
Authors: Jupri Muhamad Sofan , Trigiyatno Ali , Latifah Sindiy Nurul , Nadzim M. Ibnu , Zuhaidah Naila Umdah
Published: March 2024

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan legislasi adopsi anak dalam hukum Islam dan untuk menunjukkan perbedaan legislasi yang mengatur adopsi anak di Indonesia dan Kazakhtan. Penelitian ini menggunakan strategi dengan metode yuridis yang teratur yang fokus pada penilaian hipotesis, penggalian gagasan, standar dan pedoman yang sah sehubungan dengan peninjauan ini dari bahan-bahan utama. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mengasuh anak sesuai aturan Islam adalah wajar, namun tidak dipandang sebagai anak kandung pada umumnya. Pengangkatan anak menurut hukum Islamdisebut dengan istilahTabanny. Menurut hukum Islam, pengharaman bagi orang tua yang mengangkat anak namun dititahkan sebagai anak kandung. Regulasilegislasi pengangkatan anak di Indonesia dan Kazakhtan memiliki persamaan yaitu memiliki legislasi yang jelas. Legislasi pengangkatan anak di Indonesia dijelaskan dengan rinci dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 54 tahun 2007 tentang Pelaksanaan Pengangkatan Anak, sedangkan untuk legislasi yang berlaku di Kazakhtan diatur dalam Pasal 84 sampai Pasal 110 Bab 13 Adopsi Anak Undang-undang Perkawinan dan Keluarga Republik Kazakhtan. Mengenai perbedaan  pengangkatan anak antara Indonesia dan Kazakhstan, hukum Indonesia mengatur mengenai kepercayaan antara orang tua angkat dengan calon orang tua angkat, namun hal tersebut tidak dijelaskan di Kazakhstan.Undang-undang di Kazakhstan menjelaskan perbedaan usia minimum antara calon orang tua yang ingin mengadopsi dan calon anak yang ingin mengadopsi, namun peraturan di Indonesia tidak mengaturnya.
Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Pembagian Harta Warisan Masyarakat di Indonesia
Authors: Tarmizi Tarmizi
Published: March 2024

Pembagian harta warisan merupakan masalah yang kompleks karena dalam pelaksanaannya masih banyak terjadi konflik antara ahli waris. Konflik pembagian harta warisan yang terjadi tidak boleh dibiarkan begitu saja melainkan perlu dikaji penyebab terjadinya, bentuk penyelesaian dan upaya pencegahannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan pada fenomena yang terjadi dalam masyarakat terkait konflik kewarisan. Sumber data berasal dari data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen berupa pengkajian terhadap literatur yang relevan untuk kemudian dilakukan analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik kewarisan disebabkan karena keserakahan ahli waris, adanya kesalahpahaman, dominasi ahli waris tertua yang ingin mendapatkan lebih banyak bagian dan pembagian harta melalui hibah atau wasiat yang tidak merata. Penyelesaian konflik kewarisan dapat dilakukan melalui jalur litigasi yaitu penyelesaian sengketa di pengadilan atau jalur non litigasi yang dilakukan di luar pengadilan seperti melibatkan tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat atau pemerintah setempat untuk memediasi pihak yang bersengketa. Beberapa upaya dapat ditempuh untuk mencegah konflik kewarisan seperti pembagian harta dilakukan saat pewaris masih hidup, mengedepankan musyawarah untuk mufakat dalam pembagian harta warisan dengan berdasarkan kaidah hukum Islam, meningkatkan penyuluhan atau sosialisasi terkait pembagian harta warisan kepada masyarakat dan melakukan pembagian harta warisan berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) sebagai hukum positif yang berlaku di Indonesia.
Cultura de Paz y Cultura de la argumentación. Una aproximación al posible vínculo entre ambas culturas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, González Delgado Ángel Adrián
Published: March 2024

Culture of peace and argumentation culture is the general topic of this article. The principal objective is to propose the question about a possible relation between both cultures. To achieves this objective, we going to review the definition of culture of peace from the UNESCO. In the same way, we going to defined argumentation culture and proposed some thoughts about it.
Árboles semánticos para la lógica de términos libre
Authors:   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Castro-Manzano José Martín
Published: March 2024

Assuming that Term Functor Logic behaves as a free logic, in this contribution we modify its tableaux proof method in order to accommodate typical (in)valid inferences of free logic.
Violencia y pobreza. La realidad social ante el problema del sufrimiento
Authors:   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Sánchez Muñoz Rubén
Published: March 2024

The objective of this research article is to present a first approach to the problem of violence that is present in poverty. In our view, poverty is a mode or form of violence that causes harm, pain and suffering to the people who embody it in a social reality. Since it is a social phenomenon, poverty must be studied within a social ontology. This approach leads us to think of it as a phenomenon that fosters inequality and leads to suffering.
STACKOVERFLOW'DA "BIG DATA" İLE İLGİLİ GÖNDERİLERİN KONU MODELLEME VE BİRLİKTELİK ANALİZİ İLE ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ÇIKARILMASI
Authors: Genç Adile , Yurtseven Ayça , Özyurt Hacer , Özyurt Özcan
Published: March 2024

Günümüz teknolojisinde internet kullanımının artması ile birlikte "Büyük Veri" kavramının ortaya çıkması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. 23 milyondan fazla soru ve 35 milyona yakın cevap barındırarak büyük veriye katkı sağlayan StackOverflow'da paylaşılan bilgilerin analizi güncel konu ve eğilimlerin belirlenmesi konusunda önemli çıkarımlar sunabilmektedir. StackOverflow'daki bu büyük ve dağınık veri kümesi üzerinde tartışmaların elle analiz edilmesi mümkün olmadığı için otomatik analiz yapabilecek yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacı gidermek için konu modelleme yaklaşımlarına başvurulmuştur. Konu modelleme alanında yapılan çalışmalarda Gizli Dirichlet Ataması (Latent Dirichlet Allocation - LDA) yöntemi oldukça tercih edilmiş ve başarısı ispatlanmıştır. Yürütülen çalışmada LDA yöntemi kullanılarak StackOverflow platformu üzerinde "Big Data" etiketli soruların ve bu soruların cevaplarının anlamsal analizi yapılmış olup büyük veri hakkında en çok konuşulan konuların %16’lık bir oran ile makine öğrenmesi/veri bilimi ve bellek yönetimi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. StackOverflow gönderilerinde kullanılan etiketlerle ayrı bir veri seti oluşturulmuş ve birliktelik analizi yapılmıştır. Bu aşamanın asıl amacı Apriori algoritması kullanarak görülemeyen ilişkileri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda en yüksek oran ile 100 sorunun 25'inde bigdata etiketi ile hadoop etiketinin beraber kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Ek olarak hive etiketini kullanan biri %60 gibi bir ihtimalle hadoop ve bigdata etiketini de kullanmaktadır ve bu etiketlerin kullanım oranını 2.39 artırmaktadır.
Historia ambiental de la guerra, un campo emergente. Horizontes desde Latinoamérica
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Bonada Chavarría Alejandro
Published: March 2024

The environmental history of war is a field that has developed in the English-speaking world in recent years, and has focused on understanding socio-environmental relationships in violent environments. Among its study phenomena, world wars stand out, which to a large extent receive great attention due to their global repercussions. However, Latin America remains far from this debate, with some exceptions. In this sense, this text offers a balance that seeks to identify lines of research, concepts, and methods that contribute to the constitution of a historiography that responds to the realities and concerns of the region. Among these particularities one can find internal armed conflicts characterized by guerrilla insurgency against authoritarian or dictatorial regimes, the so-called 'dirty' wars, and wars against drug trafficking. From these conflicts, medium-duration armed confrontations developed, which, in turn, acquired an important geopolitical influence.
Ist die deutsche Gesellschaft gespalten? Über Harald Jähner (2022): Höhenrausch. Das kurze Leben zwischen den Kriegen
Authors: Hradil Stefan
Published: March 2024

Harald Jähners Buch „Höhenrausch. Das kurze Leben zwischen den Kriegen“ hat Furore gemacht. In allen deutschen Qualitätszeitungen wurde die faszinierende Darstellung von Kultur, Alltagsleben und Politik zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik hoch gelobt. Der Autor schildert facettenreich, wie der Aufbruch in neue Musikstile, Kunstformen, Tanz- und Unterhaltungsweisen, wie der scheinbare Sieg der demokratische Parteienvielfalt und der Frauenemanzipation etc. bald sein Ende fand. Spätestens nach der Wirtschaftsdepression des Jahres 1929 folgte der deprimierende Vormarsch des Faschismus, der althergebrachten Frauenbilder und schließlich der Sieg all Derjenigen, die den „Höhenrausch“ des Charleston, der abstrakten Kunst, der politischen Diskussionen usw. schon immer als „undeutsch“ bekämpft hatten.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathways in a Pakistani Population
Authors: Mondal Tanmoy , Noreen Zarish , Loffredo Christopher A. , Johnson Jheannelle , Bhatti Attya , Nunlee-Bland Gail , Quartey Ruth , Howell Charles D. , Moses Gemeyel , Nnanabu Thomas , Cotin Sharleine T. , Clark Marika , Chandra Vijay , Jana Siddhartha S. , Kwabi-Addo Bernard , Korba Brent E. , Shahzad Sharoon , Bhatti Muhammad Farrukh , Ghosh Somiranjan
Published: March 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is most prevalent in elderly individuals, especially in developed countries, and its prevalence is now increasing in developing countries like Pakistan.

Objective:

Our goal was to characterize key genes and their levels of expression and related molecular transcriptome networks associated with AD pathogenesis in a pilot case-control study in a Pakistani population.

Methods:

To obtain the spectrum of molecular networks associated with pathogenesis in AD patients in Pakistan (comparing cases and controls), we used high-throughput qRT-PCR (TaqMan Low-Density Array; n = 33 subjects) coupled with Affymetrix Arrays ( n = 8) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify signature genes associated with Amyloid processing and disease pathways.

Results:

We confirmed 16 differentially expressed AD-related genes, including maximum fold changes observed in CAPNS2 and CAPN1. The global gene expression study observed that 61% and 39% of genes were significantly ( p-value 0.05) up- and downregulated, respectively, in AD patients compared to healthy controls. The key pathways include, e.g., Amyloid Processing, Neuroinflammation Signaling, and ErbB4 Signaling. The top-scoring networks in Diseases and Disorders Development were Neurological Disease, Organismal Injury and Abnormalities, and Psychological Disorders.

Conclusions:

Our pilot study offers a non-invasive and efficient way of investigating gene expression patterns by combining TLDA and global gene expression method in AD patients by utilizing whole blood. This provides valuable insights into the expression status of genes related to Amyloid Processing, which could play potential role in future studies to identify sensitive, early biomarkers of AD in general.
Dynamic Knowledge Graph-Based Dialogue Generation with Improved Adversarial Meta-Learning
Authors: Xu Hongcai , Bao Junpeng
Published: March 2024

Knowledge graph-based dialogue systems are capable of generating more informative responses and can implement sophisticated reasoning mechanisms. However, these models do not take into account the sparseness and incompleteness of knowledge graph (KG) and cannot be applied to dynamic KG. This paper proposes a dynamic Knowledge graph-based dialogue generation method with improved adversarial Meta-Learning (ADML). ADML formulates dynamic knowledge triples as a problem of adversarial attack and incorporates the objective of quickly adapting to dynamic knowledge-aware dialogue generation. The model can initialize the parameters and adapt to previous unseen knowledge so that training can be quickly completed based on only a few knowledge triples. We show that our model significantly outperforms other baselines. We evaluate and demonstrate that our method adapts extremely fast and well to dynamic knowledge graph-based dialogue generation.
Assessment of Perivascular Space Morphometry Across the White Matter in Huntington’s Disease Using MRI
Authors: Coleman Annabelle , Langan Mackenzie T. , Verma Gaurav , Knights Harry , Sturrock Aaron , Leavitt Blair R. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Scahill Rachael I. , Hobbs Nicola Z.
Published: March 2024

Background: Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled cavities surrounding small cerebral blood vessels. There are limited reports of enlarged PVS across the grey matter in manifest Huntington’s disease (HD). Little is known about how PVS morphometry in the white matter may contribute to HD. Enlarged PVS have the potential to both contribute to HD pathology and affect the distribution and success of intraparenchymal and intrathecally administered huntingtin-lowering therapies. Objective: To investigate PVS morphometry in the global white matter across the spectrum of HD. Relationships between PVS morphometry and disease burden and severity measures were examined. Methods: White matter PVS were segmented on 3T T2 W MRI brain scans of 33 healthy controls, 30 premanifest HD (pre-HD), and 32 early manifest HD (early-HD) participants from the Vancouver site of the TRACK-HD study. PVS count and total PVS volume were measured. Results: PVS total count slightly increased in pre-HD (p = 0.004), and early-HD groups (p = 0.005), compared to healthy controls. PVS volume, as a percentage of white matter volume, increased subtly in pre-HD compared to healthy controls (p = 0.044), but not in early-HD. No associations between PVS measures and HD disease burden or severity were found. Conclusions: This study reveals relatively preserved PVS morphometry across the global white matter of pre-HD and early-HD. Subtle morphometric abnormalities are implied but require confirmation in a larger cohort. However, in conjunction with previous publications, further investigation of PVS in HD and its potential impact on future treatments, with a focus on subcortical grey matter, is warranted.
A novel framework of DDoS attack detection in network using hybrid heuristic deep learning approaches with attention mechanism
Authors: Muthukumar S. , Ashfauk Ahamed A.K.
Published: March 2024

The “Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)” threats have become a tool for the hackers, cyber swindlers, and cyber terrorists. Despite the high amount of conventional mitigation mechanisms that are present nowadays, the DDoS threats continue to enhance in severity, volume, and frequency. The DDoS attack has highly affected the availability of the networks for the previous years and still, there is no efficient defense technique against it. Moreover, the new and complex DDoS attacks are increasing on a daily basis but the traditional DDoS attack detection techniques cannot react to these threats. On the other hand, the hackers are employing very innovative strategies to initiate the threats. But, the traditional methods can become effective and reliable when combined with the deep learning-aided approaches. To solve these certain issues, a framework detection mechanism for DDoS attacks utilizes an attention-aided deep learning methodology. The primary thing is the acquisition of data from standard data online sources. Further, from the garnered data, the significant features are drawn out from the “Deep Weighted Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM)” using a “Deep Belief Network (DBN)”, in which the parameters are tuned by employing the recommended Enhanced Gannet Optimization Algorithm (EGOA). This feature extraction operation increases the network performance rate and also diminishes the dimensionality issues. Lastly, the acquired features are transferred to the model of “Attention and Cascaded Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with Residual Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) (ACRNN-RLSTM)” blocks for the DDoS threat detection purpose. This designed network precisely identifies the complex and new attacks, thus it increases the trustworthiness of the network. In the end, the performance of the approach is contrasted with other traditional algorithms. Hence, the simulation outcomes are obtained that prove the system’s efficiency. Also, the outcomes displayed that the designed system overcame the conventional threat detection techniques.
New results and regression model for the exponentiated odd log-logistic family with applications
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela M. , Vila Roberto , Ortega Edwin M.M. , Cordeiro Gauss M. , Serra Victor
Published: March 2024

We obtain new mathematical properties of the exponentiated odd log-logistic family of distributions, and of its special case named the exponentiated odd log-logistic Weibull, and its log transformed. A new location and scale regression model is constructed, and some simulations are carried out to verify the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimators, and of the modified deviance-based residuals. The methodology is applied to the Japanese-Brazilian emigration data.
Random processes in modeling durability of building and structure
Authors: Vilge Boris I.
Published: March 2024

The problem of buildings and structures durability during their long-term operation in aggressive environments is discussed. It is closely connected with the problem of destruction of composite materials as a random process of birth, development, and death of defects at chemical corrosion. The content of the study is to analyze the influence of non-stationary chemical reactions occurring in real conditions on these processes. The analysis is carried out taking into account the incidental physical phenomena affecting corrosion, the most important of which is the diffusion of initial substances and reaction products occurring under different hydrodynamic conditions, i.e., the nature of fluid motion and its pressure which stimulates corrosion. The synthesis of three processes – chemical kinetics, diffusion, and hydrodynamics – allows us to study one of the possible scenarios of corrosion process development as a Markov process based on the statistical theory of the “weakest” link and the joint distribution of the random material and geometric parameters. Numerical analysis of changes in elastic and electrical properties of composite materials under these conditions allows us to substantiate the technology of non-destructive control of changes in the state of the structure. The research results are based on mathematical and statistical modeling.
Statistics for the public good: What it means and why it matters
Authors: Nickson Sofi
Published: March 2024

Official statistics are widely considered to be public goods, however this paper explores a higher aspiration: that they also serve the public good. To achieve this goal, and provide value to societies worldwide, there is a need for discussion around what it truly means for statistics to serve the public good. This paper shares initial perspectives on the matter from the United Kingdom Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR) before demonstrating how serving the public good fits with customer-centric perspectives on value, and calling for interested parties to join this discussion so that we may work together in service of statistics for a global good.
Prognostic modeling for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy using clinical and enhanced MRI-Delta radiomics data: A preliminary study
Authors: Wang Qiuyang , An Peng , Song Lina , Liu Junjie , Liu Jisheng
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC) is one of the prevalent malignancies of the head and neck region with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to establish a predictive model for assessing NC prognosis based on clinical and MR radiomics data, subsequently to develop a nomogram for practical application. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and imaging data collected between May 2010 and August 2018, involving 211 patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed NC who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radical surgery in Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital. According to 5–10 years of follow-up results, the patients were divided into two groups: the study group (n= 76), which experienced recurrence, metastasis, or death, and the control group (n= 135), characterized by normal survival. Training and testing subsets were established at a 7:3 ratio, with a predefined time cutoff. In the training set, three prediction models were established: a clinical data model, an imaging model, and a combined model using the integrated variation in clinical characteristics along with MR radiomics parameters (Delta-Radscore) observed before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Model performance was compared using Delong’s test, and net clinical benefit was assessed via decision curve analysis (DCA). Then, external validation was conducted on the test set, and finally a nomogram predicting NC prognosis was created. RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified that the risk factors impacting the prognosis of NC included gender, pathological type, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), degree of tumor differentiation, MR enhancement pattern, and Delta-Radscore (P< 0.05). The combined model established based on the abovementioned factors exhibited significantly higher predictive performance [AUC: 0.874, 95% CI (0.810–0.923)] than that of the clinical data model [AUC: 0.650, 95% CI (0.568–0.727)] and imaging model [AUC: 0.824, 95% CI (0.753–0.882)]. DCA also demonstrated superior clinical net benefit in the combined model, a finding further verified by results from the test set. The developed nomogram, based on the combined model, exhibited promising performance in clinical applications. CONCLUSION: The Delta-Radscore derived from MR radiomics data before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy helps enhance the performance of the NC prognostic model. The combined model and resultant nomogram provide valuable support for clinical decision-making in NC treatment, ultimately contributing to an improved survival rate.
Assessing the effect of Artemisia sieberi extracts on surface roughness and candida growth of digitally processed denture acrylic materials
Authors: Alotaibi Hanan , Al-Otibi Fatimah , Alharbi Raedah , ALshwuaiman Ghada , Altwaijri Shahad , Alfouzan Afnan , Altaweel Sara , Alshehri Huda , Binrayes Abdulaziz , Labban Nawaf
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Denture stomatitis, frequently encountered, is generally addressed symptomatically, with limited exploration of preventive approaches involving antifungal medicinal plants. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of Artemisia sieberi extracts on the candida growth of conventional and digitally processed acrylic materials. METHOD: Thirty acrylic resin discs (3 mm thickness × 10 mm diameter) were prepared by conventional or CAD/CAM technology (milling and 3D printing). The resin discs were exposed to simulated brushing, thermocycling, and immersion in Artemisia sieberi extract for 8 hours. The surface roughness of the discs was assessed at baseline and after immersion in Artemisia sieberi extract. Candida growth was quantified through colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Data was analyzed using SPSS v.22 (α⩽ 0.05). RESULTS: Irrespective of the material type, the post-immersion surface roughness was significantly higher compared to pre-immersion values (p< 0.05). Candida growth was significantly higher in conventional acrylic materials than digitally fabricated acrylics (p< 0.05). At × 3, Ra and CFU were found to be moderately positive and non-significantly correlated (R= 0.664, p= 0.149). At × 4, Ra and CFU were found to be weak positive and non-significantly correlated (R= 0.344, p= 0.503). CONCLUSION: Artemisia sieberi extracts had a notable impact on digitally fabricated denture acrylics, reducing candida albicans growth compared to conventional heat-cured acrylic. This suggests a potential role for these extracts in improving denture hygiene and preventing denture stomatitis, particularly in the context of digitally fabricated dentures.
Prediction of the benign and malignant nature of masses in COPD background based on Habitat-based enhanced CT radiomics modeling: A preliminary study
Authors: Zuo Wanzhao , Li Jing , Zuo Mingyan , Li Miao , Zhou Shuang , Cai Xing
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to differentiate between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma (COPD-PBC) and inflammatory masses. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to predict COPD-PBC based on clinical data and preoperative Habitat-based enhanced CT radiomics (HECT radiomics) modeling. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical imaging data of 232 cases of postoperative pathological confirmed PBC or inflammatory masses. The PBC group consisted of 82 cases, while the non-PBC group consisted of 150 cases. A training set and a testing set were established using a 7:3 ratio and a time cutoff point. In the training set, multiple models were established using clinical data and radiomics texture changes within different enhanced areas of the CT mass (HECT radiomics). The AUC values of each model were compared using Delong’s test, and the clinical net benefit of the models was tested using decision curve analysis (DCA). The models were then externally validated in the testing set, and a nomogram of predicting COPD-PBC was created. RESULTS: Univariate analysis confirmed that female gender, tumor morphology, CEA, Cyfra21-1, CT enhancement pattern, and Habitat-Radscore B/C were predictive factors for COPD-PBC (P< 0.05). The combination model based on these factors had significantly higher predictive performance [AUC: 0.894, 95% CI (0.836–0.936)] than the clinical data model [AUC: 0.758, 95% CI (0.685–0.822)] and radiomics model [AUC: 0.828, 95% CI (0.761–0.882)]. DCA also confirmed the higher clinical net benefit of the combination model, which was validated in the testing set. The nomogram developed based on the combination model helped predict COPD-PBC. CONCLUSION: The combination model based on clinical data and Habitat-based enhanced CT radiomics can help differentiate COPD-PBC, providing a new non-invasive and efficient method for its diagnosis, treatment, and clinical decision-making.
A hybrid denoising approach for PPG signals utilizing variational mode decomposition and improved wavelet thresholding
Authors: Hu Qinghua , Li Min , Jiang Linwen , Liu Mei
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals are sensitive to motion-induced interference, leading to the emergence of motion artifacts (MA) and baseline drift, which significantly affect the accuracy of PPG measurements. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to effectively eliminate baseline drift and high-frequency noise from PPG signals, ensuring that the signal’s critical frequency components remain within the range of 1 ∼ 10 Hz. METHODS: This paper introduces a novel hybrid denoising method for PPG signals, integrating Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) with an improved wavelet threshold function. The method initially employs VMD to decompose PPG signals into a set of narrowband intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, effectively removing low-frequency baseline drift. Subsequently, an improved wavelet thresholding algorithm is applied to eliminate high-frequency noise, resulting in denoised PPG signals. The effectiveness of the denoising method was rigorously assessed through a comprehensive validation process. It was tested on real-world PPG measurements, PPG signals generated by the Fluke ProSim™ 8 Vital Signs Simulator with synthesized noise, and extended to the MIMIC-III waveform database. RESULTS: The application of the improved threshold function let to a substantial 11.47% increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and an impressive 26.75% reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) compared to the soft threshold function. Furthermore, the hybrid denoising method improved SNR by 15.54% and reduced RMSE by 37.43% compared to the improved threshold function. CONCLUSION: This study proposes an effective PPG denoising algorithm based on VMD and an improved wavelet threshold function, capable of simultaneously eliminating low-frequency baseline drift and high-frequency noise in PPG signals while faithfully preserving their morphological characteristics. This advancement establishes the foundation for time-domain feature extraction and model development in the domain of PPG signal analysis.
Lung cancer biomarkers: Raising the clinical value of the classical and the new ones
Authors: Holdenrieder Stefan , van Rossum Huub H. , van den Heuvel Michel
Published: March 2024

Blood-based diagnostics for lung cancer support the diagnosis, estimation of prognosis, prediction, and monitoring of therapy response in lung cancer patients. The clinical utility of serum tumor markers has considerably increased due to developments in serum protein tumor markers analytics and clinical biomarker studies, the exploration of preanalytical and influencing conditions, the interpretation of biomarker combinations and individual biomarker kinetics, as well as the implementation of biostatistical models. In addition, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and other liquid biopsy markers are playing an increasingly prominent role in the molecular tumor characterization and the monitoring of tumor evolution over time. Thus, modern lung cancer biomarkers may considerably contribute to an individualized companion diagnostics and provide a sensitive guidance for patients throughout the course of their disease. In this special edition on Tumor Markers in Lung Cancer, experts summarize recent developments in clinical laboratory diagnostics of lung cancer and give an outlook on future challenges and opportunities.
Severe COVID-19 course outcome in a child with morbid obesity
Authors:   M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kartashova D.A. , Bokova T.A. ,   M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Razheva I.V. ,   M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bevz A.S. ,   M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorontsova S.V. ,   M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

Obesity is one of the most essential medical and social problems. When it was noted that obese children had higher risks of disease, complications and mortality, the overweight effect on the course and outcome of infectious respiratory diseases became particularly important during the flu pandemic. According to numerous studies, obesity has been considered as a predictor of the adverse and even fatal outcome of COVID-19, participating in the formation of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This article demonstrates a case study of severe COVID-19 complicated by MIS-C, multiple thrombosis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a 9-year-old child with morbid obesity. The article describes the patient management and the complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures conducted. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the inflammatory process explaining the association between obesity and the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus damaging effects are also considered. The need for timely diagnosis and treatment of both obesity itself and comorbid pathology is shown to prevent potentially life-threatening conditions. KEYWORDS: children, obesity, new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, premorbid history, thrombosis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. FOR CITATION: Kartashova D.A., Bokova T.A., Razheva I.V., Bevz A.S., Vorontsova S.V. Severe COVID-19 course outcome in a child with morbid obesity. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(1):79–85 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-1-12.
Effect of the continuous prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid on the placental histological image in pregnant women at high risk of fetal growth restriction
Authors:   V.V. Veresaev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shamugiya V.V. , Kuznetsov P.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

Background: fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the main cause of perinatal mortality. We have relatively effective methods of predicting and preventing this condition, however, it has not yet been possible to achieve a significant reduction of the FGR incidence. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is the only effective pharmacological method for the prevention of FGR, but the mechanism of its action is still in doubt. Aim: to study the placental morphology in pregnant women at high risk of FGR according to the first trimester screening (FTS), depending on whether female patients took ASA for the FGR prevention or not. Patients and Methods: the study was conducted in 2019–2021. By that time, the clinical recommendations concerning «Insufficient fetal growth requiring the provision of medical care to the mother (fetal growth restriction)», developed by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, had not yet come into effect. In a prospective analysis, the placental morphology of 125 pregnant women at high risk of FGR and 554 placentas of pregnant women at low risk was studied according to the FTS results. Pregnant women at high risk of FGR were divided into 2 groups: 51 female patients received ASA from 14 to 36 weeks pregnant, 74 did not receive ASA; the control group consisted of 554 pregnant women at low risk of FGR according to the FTS. The placenta was examined in 3 stages according to the conventional management scheme, including macroscopic analysis, material incisure and histology. Results: placental pathological changes (dystrophic changes, syncytial knots formation, fibrinoid deposition, disorders of placental villous maturation) in patients who did not receive ASA were significantly more common than in the control group and in the subgroup receiving ASA. Conclusion: FGR incidence decrease in patients receiving ASA was due to an improvement in the histological structure of the placenta. KEYWORDS: fetal growth restriction, small for gestational age, placenta, acetylsalicylic acid. FOR CITATION: Shamugiya V.V., Kuznetsov P.A., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Effect of the continuous prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid on the placental histological image in pregnant women at high risk of fetal growth restriction. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(1):12–17 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-1-2.
Laparoscopic correction methods of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Pyatkina A.N. , Bryunin D.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chushkov Yu.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined technique — pectopexy, and the most common — laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse correction. Patients and Methods: the study included 32 female patients with a similar nosological form of pelvic organ prolapse. All the subjects were divided into two groups depending on the surgical treatment method. Group 1 (main group) included 14 female patients who had a combined laparoscopic correction of pelvic organ prolapse with transverse and longitudinal fixation of synthetic implants — combined pectopexy. Group 2 (control group) included 18 female patients who underwent sacrocolpopexy. Comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination of female patients was performed before and within 24 months after surgery. Results: there were no intraoperative complications in female patients of both groups. In all cases, the surgical intervention result was recognized as positive both according to the patient assessment and medical researcher assessment. There was a significant improvement in indicators reflecting the central compartment condition (apical prolapse), as well as the anterior and posterior vaginal walls. All female patients showed an improvement in their life quality. The patients also showed positive tendency according to pelvic ultrasound after surgery. No pelvic mesh complications were reported. The parameters of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system assessment did not differ significantly in female patients from both groups 1, 6, 12 and 24 months of follow-up after surgery. Conclusion: based on the obtained follow-up data, correction of central, posterior and partially anterior prolapse was achieved in patients after combined transverse and longitudinal fixation of synthetic implants. Pectopexy is safe and comparable to sacrocolpopexy, which is currently considered the most common surgery, gives a positive effect in correcting pelvic organ prolapse and improves the life quality of female patients. KEYWORDS: genital prolapse, combined laparoscopic surgery, mesh implants, surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, laparoscopic pectopexy, life quality. FOR CITATION: Pyatkina A.N., Bryunin D.V., Chushkov Yu.V. Laparoscopic correction methods of pelvic organ prolapse. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(1):18–25 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-1-3.