bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact balanced dual‐band bandpass filter with magnetically coupled embedded resonators
Authors: Fernández‐Prieto Armando , Martel Jesus , Ugarte‐Parrado Pedro Jose , Lujambio Aintzane , Martinez‐Ros Alejandro Javier , Martín Ferran , Medina Francisco , Boix Rafael R.
Published: January 2019

A compact, balanced, dual‐band bandpass filter with flexible and independent control of the differential‐mode response is presented in this study. The filtering mechanism relies on the use of magnetically coupled embedded resonators. This provides two clear advantages: high level of miniaturisation and two differential‐mode passbands that can be independently tuned. The response of the differential‐mode is controlled by the external quality factor and coupling coefficients, whereas the common‐mode is inherently rejected thanks to the use of a magnetic coupling mechanism. In order to illustrate the benefits of this structure, a prototype example is designed, fabricated and measured. Good differential‐ and common‐mode performance has been obtained.
Low‐cost InP–InGaAs PIN–HBT‐based OEIC for up to 20 Gb/s optical communication systems
Authors: Muttlak Saad G. , Kostakis Ioannis , Abdulwahid Omar S. , Sexton James , Missous Mohamed
Published: January 2019

A detailed study of the performance analysis of a low‐cost PIN/heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) opto‐electronic integated circuit (OEIC) is described. Measured and of 54 and 57 GHz for 10 × 10 µm2 HBTs were achieved for such a large emitter size. The base and collector regions of the transistor were utilised to form a PIN photodiode which has a dc responsivity and quantum efficiency of 0.5 A/W and 0.45, respectively, without antireflection coating at a wavelength of 1.55 µm. For both active devices, a model was realised taking all parasitic and physical‐based impacts into account, for example, equivalent circuit of the pads surrounding the devices and transit delay time across the collector depletion region. The simulation results of the discrete passive and active elements showed good agreement with experimental measurements. The OEIC module was implemented in Keysight‐advanced design system software with a three‐stage preamplifier which has a transimpedance gain of 40 dB Ω and a −3 dB bandwidth of 18 GHz. This corresponds to a transimpedance‐gain product of 1.8 THz. A series peaking inductor technique was used in the design, contributing to an enhancement in the opto‐electrical bandwidth of >60%. The optical/electrical response offers a bandwidth of ∼15 GHz, adequate for up to 20 Gb/s data rate operation.
Effects on oscillation mechanism and design of grid‐voltage feedforward in grid‐tied converter under weak grid
Authors: Wang Guoning , Du Xiong , Shi Ying , Yang Yougeng , Sun Pengju , Li Guanghui
Published: January 2019

Grid‐voltage feedforward control is widely used in grid‐tied converters. The reported studies show that the grid‐voltage feedforward may reduce the system stability margin, and may lead to oscillation problem in renewable power generation system. This study revisits the effect of voltage feedforward control on system stability and especially focuses on low frequency oscillation with impedance‐based method. The low frequency oscillation usually happens in industry around 100 Hz and shows frequency coupling characteristics. A converter equivalent impedance which includes the effects of voltage feedforward and also covers the frequency coupling introduced by phase locked loop (PLL) is established. Based on the built impedance, the effect on oscillation mechanism with voltage feedforward and PLL is revealed. The results show that the voltage feedforward could increase the system stability margin and may be employed to improve the system stability. Then how to design an optimal proportional voltage feedforward control is demonstrated. Experimental results verify the theoretical analysis and the design of the proportional grid‐voltage feedforward control.
Single‐phase universal active power filter based on ac–dc–ac converter with eight controlled switches
Authors: Leal Serafim Rodrigues Phelipe , Brandão Jacobina Cursino , de Freitas Nayara Brandão
Published: January 2019

This study presents an ac–dc–ac converter with eight controlled switches. The proposed topology is applied as a universal active power filter, compensating for disturbances in the grid voltage, voltage sags/swells, and harmonics generated by non‐linear loads. The difference between the proposed and conventional solution is the addition of an uncontrolled leg (composed only of diodes) to increase the number of voltage levels, reducing harmonics and the average switching frequency. For performance comparisons, current total harmonic distortion (THD), voltage weighted THD, switching and conduction losses of the semiconductors, and average switching frequency were used as parameters. Control and pulse‐width modulation techniques based on space vector approaches were developed to eliminate zero‐crossing distortions caused by the use of the uncontrolled leg. Simulation and experimental results were presented for validation of the mathematical model.
Finite‐time control for a fractional‐order non‐linear HTGS
Authors: Wu Fengjiao , Li Fei , Chen Peng , Wang Bin
Published: January 2019

This study studies the no‐chattering finite‐time control for a fractional‐order non‐linear hydro‐turbine governing system (HTGS). First, an actual six‐dimensional fractional‐order non‐linear HTGS model is introduced. Then, based on the fractional‐order finite‐time stability theorem and sliding mode control, a novel robust finite‐time terminal sliding mode control scheme is proposed for the fractional‐order non‐linear HTGS. Furthermore, by designing the controller with differential form and introducing the hyperbolic tangent function, the chattering phenomenon is well‐suppressed. Finally, numerical simulations are employed to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed method. It provides a new idea for the stability control of the HTGS and also has a certain reference value for practical engineering application.
Feature extraction approach insensitive to temperature variations for impedance‐based structural health monitoring
Authors: Campos Fernando de Souza , Castro Bruno Albuquerque de , Budoya Danilo Ecidir , Baptista Fabricio Guimarães , Ulson José Alfredo Covolan , Andreoli André Luiz
Published: January 2019

Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on the electromechanical impedance (EMI) has been pointed out as a promising method for detecting structural damage. However, practical problems such as the effects of temperature variation on the electrical impedance signatures of piezoelectric transducers have made it difficult to effectively apply this method of detecting damage in real structures. Therefore, in order to contribute to the effective application of the EMI method in real structures, this study presents a new feature extraction approach insensitive to temperature variations. The proposed method is based on the Akaike statistical criterion algorithm, which extracts the number of significant resonance peaks from the electrical impedance signatures. Tests were performed on an aluminium bar with different damage sizes and under different temperatures. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is capable of detecting and quantifying structural damage in environments under temperature variation.
Robust multi‐objective blood glucose control in Type‐1 diabetic patient
Authors: Mandal Sharmistha , Sutradhar Ashoke
Published: January 2019

In this study, an automatic robust multi‐objective controller has been proposed for blood glucose (BG) regulation in Type‐1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM) patient through subcutaneous route. The main objective of this work is to control the BG level in T1DM patient in the presence of unannounced meal disturbances and other external noises with a minimum amount of insulin infusion rate. The multi‐objective output‐feedback controller with H∞, H2 and pole‐placement constraints has been designed using linear matrix inequality technique. The designed controller for subcutaneous insulin delivery was tested on in silico adult and adolescent subjects of UVa/Padova T1DM metabolic simulator. The experimental results show that the closed‐loop system tracks the reference BG level very well and does not show any hypoglycaemia effect even during the long gap of a meal at night both for in silico adults and adolescent. In the presence of 50 gm meal disturbance, average adult experience normoglycaemia 92% of the total simulation time and hypoglycaemia 0% of total simulation time. The robustness of the controller has been tested in the presence of irregular meals and insulin pump noise and error. The controller yielded robust performance with a lesser amount of insulin infusion rate than the other designed controllers reported earlier.
Study on the operating characteristics of a compound automatic transfer switch based on forced current commutation
Authors: Lu Qu , Zhanqing Yu , Tianyu Wei , Zhengyu Chen , Bin Liu , Rong Zeng
Published: January 2019

The automatic transfer switch can solve the problem of voltage drop and instantaneous power interruption, which is one of the most reliable and economical ways to improve the reliability and quality of the power supply. In view of the application demand of the important electric field, this paper puts forward the technology scheme of a compound automatic transfer switch based on forced current commutation, which is characterised by high reliability, fast switching and active and passive combined protection. First, the general technical scheme and working principle of the compound automatic transfer switch are introduced. Then, the simulation model of power distribution system with one master and one standby automatic transfer switch is established, and the system simulation is carried out to analyse the influence of the fault type on switching effect. Finally, the feasibility of the compound automatic transfer switch is verified by experiments, and its operational characteristics are obtained. It provides theoretical and technical basis for the product development and engineering application of the compound automatic transfer switch.
Study on clearance optimisation and altitude correction of 750 kV AC side for UHVDC converter transformer
Authors: Ding Yujian , Yao Xiuyuan , Gu Chen , Wang Xi
Published: January 2019

AC system which ±800 kV converter station access to commonly used 500 kV voltage level. With the construction of the Northwest Energy Base, a large number of ultra‐high‐voltage direct current (UHVDC) project are constructing. The backbone voltage in the northwest region is 750 kV. Phase or phase‐to‐ground clearance the converter transformer 750 kV AC side required will affect the length of the valve hall and the highest altitude of the project close to 3000 m. In order to optimise the 750 kV AC side and meet the engineering requirements in high altitude areas, this paper carried out the true phase‐to‐ground and phase–phase discharge characteristics test in the gap of 750 kV AC side in Beijing and Tibet, and the gap discharge voltage was then corrected for altitude. At last, the distance at different altitudes of 3000 m and below between the phase‐ground and the phase‐to‐phase at the AC side of converter transformer is obtained. The results provide the design of UHV converter station in Northwest China with technical support.
Influence factors and reasonable arrangement of corridor width of ±800 kV HVDC and 750 kV HVAC hybrid transmission lines
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Yinfei , Li Xuebao , Lu Tiebing
Published: January 2019

With the development of economy and the increased demand of power energy, it is unavoidable that high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) and high‐voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission lines are in the same corridor. In order to minimise the land resource and meet the requirements of the electromagnetic environment, it is necessary to accurately predict the hybrid electric field under the hybrid transmission lines. The ±800 kV HVDC and 750 kV HVAC parallel transmission lines of parallel erection are chosen to be analysed. The corridor width with a different separation distance is calculated, and the minimum corridor width under this voltage‐level combination is obtained according to the control value of the hybrid electric field recommended at home and abroad in a non‐residential area. Increasing the height of DC or AC lines can reduce the corridor width. At a fixed separation distance, the minimum height of the AC line can be obtained when the height of the DC line is set at a certain value. Meanwhile the change of the corridor width is analysed with different heights of DC lines and AC lines. Based on the above analysis, the reasonable arrangement is made.
A 3D kinematic Babcock Leighton solar dynamo model sustained by dynamic magnetic buoyancy and flux transport processes
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Jouve Laurène , Nandy Dibyendu
Published: January 2019

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic interactions between plasma flows and magnetic fields is fundamental to the origin and sustenance of the 11-year sunspot cycle. These processes are intrinsically three-dimensional (3D) in nature.

Aims. Our goal is to construct a 3D solar dynamo model that on the one hand captures the buoyant emergence of tilted bipolar sunspot pairs, and on the other hand produces cyclic large-scale field reversals mediated via surface flux-transport processes – that is, the Babcock-Leighton mechanism. Furthermore, we seek to explore the relative roles of flux transport by buoyancy, advection by meridional circulation, and turbulent diffusion in this 3D dynamo model.

Methods. We perform kinematic dynamo simulations where the prescribed velocity field is a combination of solar-like differential rotation and meridional circulation, along with a parametrized turbulent diffusivity. We use a novel methodology for modeling magnetic buoyancy through field-strength-dependent 3D helical up-flows that results in the formation of tilted bipolar sunspots.

Results. The bipolar spots produced in our simulations participate in the process of poloidal-field generation through the Babcock-Leighton mechanism, resulting in self-sustained and periodic large-scale magnetic field reversal. Our parameter space study varying the amplitude of the meridional flow, the convection zone diffusivity, and parameters governing the efficiency of the magnetic buoyancy mechanism reveal their relative roles in determining properties of the sunspot cycle such as amplitude, period, and dynamical memory relevant to solar cycle prediction. We also derive a new dynamo number for the Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo mechanism which reasonably captures our model dynamics.

Conclusions. This study elucidates the relative roles of different flux-transport processes in the Sun’s convection zone in determining the properties and physics of the sunspot cycle and could potentially lead to realistic, data-driven 3D dynamo models for solar-activity predictions and exploration of stellar magnetism and starspot formation in other stars.
Macroinvertebrate benthic community as rapid quality assessment in Winongo, Code, and Gajahwong Streams inside Yogyakarta City, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Hadisusanto Suwarno , Putri Dwinda Mariska , Sujarta Puguh , Nugraha Raditia , Fauziyah Qisti , Asmawati Riska Putri , Mawarni Annisa , Azizah Firda Nabila Nur , Rifqi Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Streams in Yogyakarta City are classified as an urban river, they receive huge amount of organic matter daily from anthropogenic waste. Growing urbanization affected water ecosystem causing water quality and benthic community changes. Macroinvertebrate benthic immediately respond to physic-chemical changes of the stream. Aims of this study are studying urbanization alter macroinvertebrate benthic community, and water quality in Winongo, Gajahwong, and Code streams of Yogyakarta City. Samples were collected at December 2015 and January 2017 in Winongo, Gajahwong, and Code streams inside the administration area of Yogyakarta City using sediment Dredge. Collections perform by dividing each stream into three parts with five replications. Macroinvertebrate benthic were filtered using stratified filter mesh 60, 40, and 20 results showed that macroinvertebrate benthic diversity decreasing from 2015 to 2017 in these three urban streams. There were not much species founded in Yogyakarta City Streams, indicates riparian ecosystem lack of natural habitat. All riparian zone are damage by anthropogenic activities. Their density is also decreasing probably because riparian floodplain embankment caused water velocity faster, leave little sediment for benthic organism. Chironomids larvae dominate in all stations in each river, and the most abundant in Code. They were abundant because streams in Yogyakarta City accept high input of organic matter. They classified as tolerate groups where their abundance indicates water pollution. High waterfall during 2016 most probably caused water quality better in 2017 than 2015. Dissolved oxygen was higher, and water ph is closer to neutral. Thus it cannot be used as an indicator.
Clay mineralogy of landslide occurrences in hydrothermally altered area: A case study of Durensari Area, Purworejo, Central Java
Authors: Putra Ilham Dharmawan , Titisari Anastasia Dewi , Husna Hitznaiti Zaidini Khul
Published: January 2019

Landslide is one of the geological phenomena that can be found frequently in Indonesia, where several areas are damaged due to landslide occurrence. One of it is located in Durensari Area, Bagelen, Purworejo, Central Java as the study area. The study area is characterized by the presence of altered volcanic rocks formed by the tertiary eruption, followed by hydrothermal alteration that contains clay minerals that could enhance the landslide occurrence. This study is conducted to identify hydrothermal clay minerals that which enhanced the landslide in the study area. Field mapping is done as field observation, as well as the clay minerals are identified from 10 samples using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) as the study method. The observation has resulted that there are at least ±25 landslide occurrence points in the study area, which is associated with alteration type that consists of several clays, named by smectite, kaolinite, and illite assemblages as argillic alteration and chlorite, smectite, illite, and kaolinite assemblages as propylitic alteration. The research concluded that the replacement process of primary minerals by clay minerals and the presence of smectite affect the landslide occurrence in the study area, where moderate to the large landslide is associated with Argillic alteration, meanwhile small to moderate landslide is associated with propylitic alteration.
Sand transport characterization on the foredune area of Parangtritis, Indonesia
Authors: Malawani Mukhamad Ngainul , Mardiatno Djati , Sunarto
Published: January 2019

The aim of the research are to determine the characteristics of sand deflation on Parangtritis foredune area. The development of tourism activity on surrounding area could be has a big impact to the sand transport process. Data required in this research are wind direction and its speed, the sand mass collected from sand sampler, sand grain size, roundness and sphericity, and interview from tourists. Sand that transported by wind collected by sand sampler with dimension of 0.76 cm height and 1 cm width. Sand transport rate or deflation calculated by Bagnold’s formula. The results showed that the deflation process is bigger at daytime observation that at night, it is average 2.42 g.m-1s-1during day and 0.03 g.m-1s-1during night. Each samples location have different deflation characteristics of material that transported. Grain diameters ranging from 0.318 mm to 0.395 mm with dominance texture is medium sand. Sphericity and roundness of sediment material was on a scale of 0.5 and 0.7. This natural process that occurred on the research area didn’t knowing well either by local communities or tourists. Therefore need some proper management for support the continuity of deflation process for supplying material to the main sand dune area of Parangtritis.
The Development of Tumor Neoantigen Vaccine Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Wanqiu
Published: January 2019

Activating the immune system to fight against cancers has long been a goal in immunology and oncology studies. Recent clinical-trial data proved that boosting the activity of endogenous T cells to destroy cancer cells has great potential in controlling the progression of a variety of human malignancies. In essence, neoantigen is at the core of tumor immunology. Autologous T lymphocytes could distinguish tumor cells from normal cells by recognizing neoantigens, which are tumor specific. Neoantigens are derived from genome somatic mutations of tumors, and there are different approaches to predict and identify them with increasing accuracy. Neoantigens are tumor specific, which are ideal and attractive targets for tumor immunotherapies; many neoantigen-based clinical trials are being carried out around the world. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances of tumor neoantigen vaccine immunotherapy, and present the potential obstacle and future direction of this approach.
Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke
Authors: Yang Lina , Zhang Hongyun , Huang Jinghang , Zhao Yafan , Zhu Danshi , Liu He
Published: January 2019

An efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the yield of ultrasonic-assisted extraction was 62.07 ± 0.39% over the microwave (40.85 ± 0.28%) and hot water extraction (27.42 ± 0.42%). The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the effects of three parameters (temperature-X1, ultrasonic power-X2 and time-X3) on inulin yield. Analysis of variance showed that the contributions of X1, X3, X12, X13, X22 were significant. The optimal yield of inulin was 82.93 ± 1.03% at 82 °, 120 W and 18 min.
Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of polysaccharide in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) during overwintering
Authors: Zhou Hong-li , Li Bing , Wu Mei-fu , Liu Ye
Published: January 2019

To determine the effect of different harvesting time on antioxidant capacity in Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharides (inulin), the Jerusalem artichoke before and after overwintering were collected from the same region, and then evaluate their antioxidant capacity in vitro by reducing power assay, DPPH radical-scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay. Ascorbic acid at similar mass concentration was served as positive control. The results showed no significant difference were observed in reducing power when the absorbance values were about 0.3. When the mass concentrations before and after overwintering were 0.9 mg/mL and 1.7 mg/mL, the DPPH radical-scavenging rate both reached at 50%. And when the mass concentrations were both 10 mg/mL, the hydroxyl radical-scavengings were 35.8% and 27.9%, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that the antioxidant capacity in Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharides before overwintering was higher than that after overwintering, and showed a good dose-dependent manner with its mass concentration.
Inhibition of Active Substances of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and its Application Research
Authors: Wenke Sun , Shuping Zhang
Published: January 2019

Inhibition of vibrio parahaemolyticus by polyphenol compounds from carageen by plate growth inhibition tested to observe its bacteriostasis effect on V.parahaemolyticus. The test results show that within a certain range, polyphenols from carageen have obvious antibacterial activity against V.parahaemolyticus, the size of antibacterial activity is closely related to polyphenol concentration and molecular mass.The higher the content of polyphenols, the stronger the bacteriostasis it has. It indicates that carageen polyphenol compounds can inhibit V.parahaemolyticus.
Comparison of Flavonoids from Spina Gleditsiae by Response Surface Method and Orthogonal Design
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Li Zhong
Published: January 2019

In this paper, the effects of extraction temperature, extraction pressure and dosage of entrainer on flavonoids yield were studied. The optimal process determined by response surface method was extraction temperature as 48.52°, extraction pressure as 40MPa, dosage of entrainer as 36.13mL, theoretical predictive yield as 0.791%, actual verified yield as 0.793%, and there was an interaction between the extraction temperature and dosage of entrainer. The optimum process determined by orthogonal design was extraction temperature as 50°, extraction pressure as 40MPa, dosage of entrainer as 37.5mL, and actual verified yield as 0.779%. Although the two methods obtained similar best processes, the response surface method could provide more accurate information, and the final flavonoids yield was also highest, which was worth promoting.
Mimic Geographic Information System
Authors: Fan Yong-wen , Zhu Wei-jun , Ban Shao-huan
Published: January 2019

With the development of the Internet, the geographic information system gets a chance to develop rapidly. Aiming at the security problems of existing geographic information systems, a Mimic Geographic Information System, i.e. M-GIS, based on mimic defense is proposed to improve the security of geographic information systems. The system consists of heterogeneous redundancy geographic information execution bodies pool, request distributor, scheduler and arbiter. Firstly, the scheduler dynamically selects the geographic information execution bodies set for processing, and then makes a mimic decision on the processing results. The experimental results show that the mimic system is more security than traditional system.
Finite Element Analysis of Anchor Leg Improved Trough Embedded Parts Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Huang Xin , Gu Yunfan , Shi Baocun , Chen Xin , Jiang Wei
Published: January 2019

Reasonable and accurate simulations of failure behaviors of steel-concrete composite members with trough embedded parts is of great significance for the study of joint failure mechanism of prefabricated components in assembled buildings. Based on the implicit solution module of ABAQUS, the anchor legs of 5234 trough embedded parts are redesigned. The cylindrical anchor legs are designed as anchor plates with different diameter holes. The finite element model of the anchor leg of improved 5234 trough embedded parts and that of concrete are established. The mechanical properties of the specimens under bending and shear failure are simulated. And take a research on the improved trough embedded parts. The results show that the ultimate stress of concrete and the ultimate stress of embedded parts decrease first, then increase and then decrease with the increase of the diameter of circular hole, and the displacement of anchor leg of embedded parts decreases first and then increases with the increase of the diameter of circular hole. When the diameter of circular hole is 10.0 mm, the ultimate stress of concrete, the ultimate stress of embedded parts and the displacement of anchor leg are the smallest, and the mechanical properties of embedded parts are improved the most.
Discussion on Double-layer Responsibility Control System of Enterprise Environmental Cost
Authors: He Shu , Wang Fengzhou , He You
Published: January 2019

Based on the inside and outside area of the enterprises, this paper re-constructs the double-layer responsibility control system of enterprise environmental cost (DRSEC) by referring to life cycle theory, responsibility center theory and system theory. In the inner layer, each responsibility center of environmental cost control is divided according to the five stages of the enterprise life cycle. These responsibility centers closely cooperate to effectively reduce the environmental costs of the enterprises. In the outer layer, the two major responsible entities of the government and the public supervise the control of environmental costs, guide the goals setting of environmental costs and give feedback to inner layer. By designing a double-layer environmental cost control system with synchronous operation of inner and outer layers, we expect to provide new ideas for enterprises to control environmental costs.
Influence of Environmental Humidity on Concrete Creep
Authors: Dai Xihua , Zhang Xinmin , Liu Liangfang , Zou Yidan
Published: January 2019

It is generally accepted that environment humidity as one of the environmental affects concrete creep considerably. The environmental humidity cycling, drying and high level humidity on concrete structures have significant effects on concrete creep. This paper studied the distribution of humidity field within concrete at both constant humidity condition and variable humidity condition using finite element method. It can be shown from the comparison that the finite element method has satisfied accuracy on simulation of interior humidity field of concrete. Coupled with the changing of humidity field within concrete and improved microprestress solidification theory, creep of concrete at constant environment humidity and different humidity levels was studied.
Application on sensory prediction of Chinese Moutai-flavour liquor based on ATR-FTIR
Authors: Wang Fan , Shao Chunfu , Chen Qi , Meng Tianyi , Li Changwen
Published: January 2019

ATR-FTIR combined with chemometrics was applied to establish SVM classification models aiming to evaluate sensory quality of Chinese Moutai-flavour liquor. Transformation of ATR-FTIR data, selection of effective wavenumbers as well as determination of c and gamma were performed in succession, while the verification of models was deployed applying unknown samples. Finally, taste-prediction models of raw grain and cleanliness have an accuracy reaching 90%. Model of after-taste has an accuracy of 80% and others are lower than 70%. As for some flavours, ATR-FTIR and chemometrics technology provided an effective method for quality analysis of Chinese Moutai-flavour liquor.
A polyimide/cellulose lithium battery separator paper
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhao Chuanshan , Han Wenjia , Jiang Yifei
Published: January 2019

A PI/cellulose composite separator was prepared by adsorbing bacterial cellulose on a PI separator prepared via a papermaking process. The PI/cellulose separator exhibited good thermal stability and electrolyte wetting properties compared to commercial celgard 2340 separator. The amount of bacterial cellulose added was 20%. Bacterial cellulose fills the porosity of the PI separator. The PI/cellulose composite separator possesses excellent thermal stability even at 200 °C and high electrolyte wettability with a contact angle of 58°.
Runoff quantity response of three urban mountain parks-hilltop subtype in humid subtropical climate based on SWMM
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jialin , Zhang Jianlin
Published: January 2019

With the development of sustainable stormwater management, urban parks have the advantages and necessities in constructing low impact development system to reduce and reuse stormwater. This study aims to understand the hydrological processes in small scale mountain watersheds based on three typical hilltop parks in Chongqing, China. Sub-catchment areas were divided into paved square type (PST), vegetation cover type (VCT) and mixed cover type (MCT). Native stromwater models by SWMM were created under 25 mm, 50 mm, 4 years and 20 years precipitation events to simulate the runoff quantity. The runoff quantity per unit area in different sub-catchments was provided as : PST > MCT >VCT. Runoff quantity affected by impervious surface percentage was the most significant compared to other parameters. Positive correlation between slop and runoff quantity was showed visibly when slop was above 42 degrees. Peak runoff could be affected by characteristic width of sub-catchment.
Review and resource assessment, solar energy in different region in Ecuador
Authors: García Juan Lata , Jurado Francisco , Larco Víctor
Published: January 2019

Environmental pollution caused by the generation of electricity through fossil fuels leads several countries to adopt strategies for the exploitation of renewable energy sources. In this work, the current energy situation of Ecuador and the incorporation of photovoltaic generators in the national system is reviewed. The document is completed with the evaluation of the energy potential for an average load in the four regions of Ecuador. The selection of the locations of the system under study is chosen through the solar atlas and the meteorological data for a year. The technical dimensioning and economic analysis is achieved through the Homer software. The results show that the insular region reaches the lowest value of levelized cost of energy (COE) $0.529, an autonomy of 22.7 hours and unmet electric load 0.06% per year.
Study on architecture design of electroactive sites on Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (V-RFB)
Authors: Sujali Suhailah , Mohamed Mohd Rusllim , Oumer Ahmed Nurye , Ahmad Azizan , Leung Puiki
Published: January 2019

Numerous researches have been conducted to look for better design of cell architecture of redox flow battery. This effort is to improve the performance of the battery with respect to further improves of mass transport and flow distribution of electroactive electrolytes within the cell. This paper evaluates pressure drop and flow distribution of the electroactive electrolyte in three different electrode configurations of vanadium redox flow battery (V-RFB) cell, namely square-, rhombus- and circular-cell designs. The fluid flow of the above-mentioned three electrode design configurations are evaluated under three different cases i.e. no flow (plain) field, parallel flow field and serpentine flow field using numerically designed three-dimensional model in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The cell exhibits different characteristics under different cases, which the circular cell design shows promising results for test-rig development with low pressure drop and better flow distribution of electroactive electrolytes within the cell. Suggestion for further work is highlighted.
Characterization of wastewater from landfills - amount and type of humic substances extracted from leachate
Authors: Silva Maria Elisabete , Santos Marlene , Brás Isabel
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to characterize the humic substances (HS) extracted from landfills wastewater – leachates, with different ages of exploration. To reach the objective it was applied spectroscopy techniques, UV-Vis and FTIR spectra, as well as the ratio between the absorbance analysed. First, the HS were extracted, then fractionated in fulvic acids (FA) and humic acids (HA) and it was evaluated the phytotoxicity. HS content in the leachates were higher than the typical values found in the natural aquatic humic sources. It has been identified that the leachate HS, HA and FA aromatic fractions increased with the increase of the landfilling age, suggesting that the degree of humification increased with the landfilling age. All the HS showed a high aromaticity and humification degree. The HS extracts irrespective of their source presents similar structural composition. The functional groups found are in agreement with the literature: phenols, alcohols, carboxylic groups, aliphatic structures, among others. It was found that HA are mainly organic matter with a higher aromatic degree than FA. The HS and HA showed absence of phytotoxicity, testing by germination index, suggesting that may be used to produce liquid organic fertilizers.
The effect of air conditioners on occupants’ thermal adaptive behaviours and wellbeing: advances and challenges
Authors: Wu Yuxin , Yuan Mengwei , Wang Zixuan , Li Xinyi
Published: January 2019

To study the impact of air conditioners (AC) on occupants’ behaviours and comfort, two comparison surveys were conducted during hot summer weather before and after air conditioners were installed in student dormitories at Chongqing University in 2008 and 2016, respectively. The results showed that after the ACs were installed, occupants’ environmental satisfaction vote was notably higher irrespective of whether the equipment was used. The proportion of ACs used (PAU) in 2016 and the proportion of fans used (PFU) in 2008 were logistically fit with the outside temperatures, and these data displayed very similar trends. However, less variety in adaptive behaviours was evident after the ACs were installed. When ACs were used, lower proportions of windows were opened (13%) and higher proportions of occupants felt stuffy (54%), experienced draughts (38%), and reported sick building syndrome (SBS). This study provides scientific insight into the advances and problems caused by the popularization of ACs.
Systems analysis of municipal solid waste management and recycling system in east Africa: benchmarking performance in Kigali city, Rwanda
Authors: Kabera Telesphore , Nishimwe Honorine
Published: January 2019

This study assessed the current status of solid waste management (SWM) in the City of Kigali (CoK), the capital city of Rwanda. This assessment was done using systems analysis methodology of “wasteaware” benchmark indicators for integrated sustainable waste management in cities. This method of assessing helps to assess the Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in a city according to its physical components and governance features. Data were collected during a 6-month period from May to October 2017, but verification took other four months (Up to February 2018). Data were obtained from official reports, legal documents, and interviews with key personnel and operators and also from official and unofficial dumpsites visits. In CoK, approximately 232,870 tons of MSW is generated per year, MSW collection and transportation is done by private companies but the only dumpsite present in Kigali is fully controlled by the City of Kigali. Residents pay waste collectors according to their social classes and their locations. There is no official recycling system; recycling activities are informally performed by private companies and some wastes, like plastic bottles, are taken to Uganda and Tanzania to be recycled. This study found that the recycling rate was 10% contrarily to the 2% which is recorded by official sources. This study has contributed by filling the gap in literature on waste management for the city of Kigali and it recommends that the Government represented by the CoK should do more in terms of investing in SWM and creating a relationship between private waste collectors and local communities, and the private sector should be mobilized to invest in SWM activities.
Investigation on heat stress of construction workers in summer in Chongqing, China
Authors: Li Longqian , Liu Hong , Chen Lu , He Jiaze
Published: January 2019

The heat stress of workers at construction sites in Chongqing, China, was studied in this paper. The investigation included measurement of environmental parameters, measurement of physiological parameters, questionnaire survey and tracking record of their self-regulation of the behaviour. Scaffolder, carpenter, porter, plasterer and handymen were taken as the main research subjects. Five subjects were selected daily to conduct a questionnaire survey and to measure their physiological parameters, 60 construction workers were investigated. The results show that in sizzling summer, the average effective Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGTeff) is 35.8 ° C. Under these circumstances, workers are in a poor working environment based on some Chinese and international standards. During the experiment, the researchers recorded the work behaviour and self-regulation of workers. It is found that the average heart rate of workers with different job is significantly different, and the average metabolic rate of handymen is significantly lower than that of piling rig workers. Different type of workers should be protected by different protection rules to avoid suffering heat injury.
Ecological aspects of economical development: issues of forecast greenhouse gas emissions in road transport in Europe and regions of Russia
Authors: Eder Leontiy , Filimonova Irina , Nemov Vasily , Komarova Anna , Sablin Kirill
Published: January 2019

Environmental aspects are an essential part of economic development. Improvement of the environmental situation can have a significant impact on the pace and structure of economic development. For environmental component, it is important to analyze the current state and predict greenhouse gas emissions. The development of methodological approaches in this area will allow for more detailed forecasting of the situation. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, European countries have set targets for efficiency of energy consumption and widespread use of renewable energy sources, which they have achieved and become world leaders in using them. By 2020, the goal is set for energy consumption to be at least 20% from renewable sources. According to the forecast on average, in 2040 the share of oil products in the structure of fuel consumption in road transport in Europe will be reduced to 80%. Nevertheless, in the countries of Europe, various trends in the field of greenhouse gas emissions are expected. Most countries have a high potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion on road vehicles. In Russia, emissions from vehicles are projected to reduce by 8% by 2040.
Atmospheric Monitoring at a Cosmic Ray Observatory - a long-lasting endeavour
Authors: Keilhauer Bianca
Published: January 2019

The Pierre Auger Observatory for detecting ultrahigh energy cosmic rays has been founded in 1999. After a main planning and construction phase of about five years, the regular data taking started in 2004, but it took another four years until the full surface detector array was deployed. In parallel to the main detectors of the Observatory, a comprehensive set of instruments for monitoring the atmospheric conditions above the array was developed and installed as varying atmospheric conditions influence the development and detection of extensive air showers. The multitude of atmospheric monitoring installations at the Pierre Auger Observatory will be presented as well as the challenges and efforts to run such instruments for several decades.
The Auger Raman Lidar: several years of continuous observations
Authors: Rizi Vincenzo , Hernandez Carlos Medina , Iarlori Marco , Pietropaolo Ermanno
Published: January 2019

The Raman lidar at the Central (Raman) Laser Facility of the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina, has been operational since September 2013. In this paper, the Auger Raman Lidar performance is discussed in terms of the data quality for the assessment of the aerosol contribution to the atmospheric UV optical transparency, and how much this is important for the reconstruction of the UHECR properties, based on the Auger Fluorescence Detector observations.
Quantum temporal imaging with squeezed light
Authors: Patera Giuseppe , Horoshko Dmitri , Kolobov Mikhail
Published: January 2019

We consider a simple quantum temporal imaging system on the basis of a time lens implemented by a parametric nonlinear optical process with a chirped pump. We review the main results of the modal theory of temporal imaging, developed recently by us. We illustrate this theory by a concrete example of type-I non-collinear sum-frequency generation process, where the phase matching is limited by the temporal walk-off of the signal and the idler waves. We have shown that the temporal modal functions of such an imaging system are chirped Hermite-Gauss functions.
Imaging a positronium cloud in a 1 Tesla
Authors: Camper Antoine , Aghion Stefano , Amsler Claude , Antonello Massimiliano , Belov Alexander , Bonomi Germano , Brusa Roberto , Caccia Massimo , Caravita Ruggero , Castelli Fabrizio , Cerchiari Giovanni , Comparat Daniel , Consolati Giovanni , Demetrio Andrea , Di Noto Lea , Doser Michael , Evans Craig , Fanì Mattia , Ferragut Rafael , Fesel Julian , Fontana Andrea , Gerber Sebastian , Giammarchi Marco , Gligorova Angela , Guatieri Francesco , Hackstock Philip , Haider Stefan , Hinterberger Alexander , Holmestad Helga , Kellerbauer Alban , Khalidova Olga , Krasnický Daniel , Lagomarsino Vittorio , Lansonneur Pierre , Lebrun Patrice , Malbrunot Chloé , Mariazzi Sebastiano , Marton Johann , Matveev Viktor , Müller Simon , Nebbia Giancarlo , Nedelec Patrick , Oberthaler Markus , Pagano Davide , Penasa Luca , Petracek Vojtech , Prelz Francesco , Prevedelli Marco , Rienaecker Benjamin , Robert Jacques , Røhne Ole , Rotondi Alberto , Sandaker Heidi , Santoro Romualdo , Smestad Lillian , Sorrentino Fiodor , Testera Gemma , Tietje Ingmari , Vujanovic Milena , Widmann Eberhard , Yzombard Pauline , Zimmer Christian , Zmeskal Johann , Zurlo Nicola
Published: January 2019

We report on recent developments in positronium work in the frame of antihydrogen production through charge exchange in the AEgIS collaboration [1]. In particular, we present a new technique based on spatially imaging a cloud of positronium by collecting the positrons emitted by photoionization. This background free diagnostic proves to be highly efficient and opens up new opportunities for spectroscopy on antimatter, control and laser manipulation of positronium clouds as well as Doppler velocimetry.
The design of the CNC milling machine
Authors: Boral Piotr
Published: January 2019

CNC machine tools are currently predominating in the machine-building industry. Generally, these machine tools are equipped with control systems supplied by the world's leading manufacturers, such as Siemens, Fanuc or HeidenHein, and are very expensive. In parallel, many cheap amateur and semi-professional CNC machine tool solutions are being developed. Below, a CNC milling machine of welded construction is described, which is intended to be, at the same time, a test stand. The design of the milling machine is based on steel closed sections of a large cross-section and a big wall thickness. This has allowed a rigid frame structure to be obtained. To obtain high displacement accuracy, high-accuracy profiled rail slideways have been used, along which pre-stressed linear ball bearings move. The machine tool has been furnished with a fourth numerically controlled axis, which is demountable.
The determination of the rolling resistance coefficient of objects equipped with the wheels and suspension system – results of preliminary tests
Authors: Wargula Łukasz , Wieczorek Bartosz , Kukla Mateusz
Published: January 2019

Rolling resistance coefficient is one of the basic resistance when moving objects. In case of objects not equipped with a motor-driven wheels and suspension system , such as: wheelchairs, mobile machinery chopper, shelving and warehouse trucks all resistances are overcome by the muscle strength of the operator. Research is carried out to limit this phenomenon, however, there is a lack of methods for measuring this parameter in the real operating conditions of devices with a wheels and suspension system without a drive unit. The article presents an innovative method of measuring the rolling resistance coefficient of objects equipped only with the wheels and suspension system accordant with the patent application P.424484 and the developed device for these tests in accordance with patent application P.424483. Additionally, the paper presents the results of preliminary tests on the measurement of pivoting coefficient of a transport truck loaded with a given mass.