bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM AND GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3) TO ALLEVIATE DROUGHT STRESS IN WHEAT
Authors:   Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Haque M. N. , Pramanik S. K. , Hasan M. A. , Islam M. R. , Sikder S. ,   Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,   Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,   Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,   Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,   Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University
Published: March 2023

To investigate the ameliorative effect of foliar application of potassium and gibberellic acid on wheat to drought stress an experiment was conducted at the research field and laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during the period of November 2018 to March 2019. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Four growing conditions viz. well water (WW), water deficit stress (WDS), foliar application of 2.23% K2SO4 under WDS and foliar application of 300 ppm GA3 under WDS were set up as the main plot treatment and two wheat varieties (Kanchan and BARI Gom-30) were set up as sub plot treatment. Non-irrigated water stress significantly reduced different physiological traits, yield and yield attributes except proline content of flag leaf of wheat, whereas foliar application of potassium and GA3 improved these traits under WDS. Foliar application of potassium improved biological yield (22.04% and 15.16%) and grain yield (3.19% and 2.59%) in Kanchan and BARI Gom-30, respectively, whereas foliar application of GA3 improved biological yield (12.12% and 17.00%) and grain yield (1.47% and 1.18%) in Kanchan and BARI Gom-30, respectively under WDS. Though, foliar application of potassium and GA3 ameliorated the adverse effect of drought on wheat but potassium was found more effective. Therefore, it may be concluded that additional foliar application of potassium along with recommended potassium could improve production of wheat under drought
STUDY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OYSTER MUSHROOM AS INFLUENCED BY COMPOSTED SAWDUST BASED SUBSTRATES
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Nishi N. J. , Akand M. H. ,   Mushroom Development Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Rahman M. H. ,   Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.
Published: March 2023

An experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Mushroom Development Institute, Savar, Dhaka from July to December 2019 to determine the effect of the sawdust composting period on the yield and yield attributes of different oyster mushroom varieties. The experiment was laid out by following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Three varieties viz. V1 (Pleurotus djamor), V2 (Pleurotus ostreatus) and V3 (Pleurotus florida) with six different days of composted sawdust such as T0 (0 days), T1 (5 days), T2 (10 days), T3 (15 days), T4 (20 days), T5 (25 days) and T6 (30 days) were used in this study. The effect of different mushroom varieties and composted period of sawdust showed significant variation in growth and yield parameters. The results revealed that the highest number of the fruiting body, the effective fruiting body and biological yield were found in V2, whereas the lowest numbers were observed in V3. Besides, the maximum yield, the highest number of fruiting bodies and effective fruiting body were observed in T3. Moreover, the maximum yield (56.50 g) was produced by V2T3 combination, and the minimum yield (38.13g) was produced by V3T2. The highest biological efficiency (32.28 %) was obtained in V2T3, whereas the lowest biological efficiency (21.78%) was obtained in V3T2 sawdust. This study suggests that Pleurotus ostreatus and 15 days composted sawdust showed the best performance.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOLAR POWERED SPRAYER WITH WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Banu S. , farzana Milu ,   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Haque M. M. ,   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Islam M. S. ,   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Roy S. R. ,   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Published: March 2023

Currently in Bangladesh farmers use hand operated sprayer or motorized sprayer in agricultural fields. Generally in the agricultural field, traditional or conventional techniques like shoulder mounted spraying system have been used because it is cheaper, easy to use and less costly. Continuous use of traditional energy resources will have high risk of rising in price and energy depletion. Now-a-days there is a great need for ‘’conservation of energy’’ and application of renewable energy. This paper presents the design, development and evaluation of a solar powered spraying system. The specific objectives of this research is to design and fabricate the solar powered sprayer by considering parameters like desired spraying rate, low weight, low cost, faster coverage of area and high field efficiency. A two-nozzle sprayer was fabricated with MS bar frame and 4-wheel trolley with water level indicator which runs on power source as a DC battery (12 volt, 8.2 Ah) via solar panel and runs by a DC motor (12 volt, 2A). The entire unit is portable and is operated by one labor. The design mainly eliminates the shoulder mounting sprayer setup which causes back pain, uses of fossil power which is non-renewable and hazardous and extensive use of manpower. The machine was compared to conventional sprayer and found more efficient. Pump efficiency almost 83.33% found for single nozzle and 93.33% for double nozzle and the sprayer is 58% time saving than manual sprayer. The operating cost of the machine was 802 Tk ha-1 . Also found capital recovery factor, capital consumption and annual cost of the solar operated sprayer were 0.26, Tk 1520 and Tk 41665, respectively.
IMPACT OF FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS CORPORATE LOAN IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Department of Finance and Banking, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Begum H. , Khan S.A. ,   Department of Finance and Banking, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Aktar M. ,   Department of Finance and Banking, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to determine customer satisfaction with corporate loans. Corporate lending in Bangladesh is making a large attitude. The assessment's primary goal is to conduct a thorough inquiry into the fulfillment of borrowers from Rupali Bank Limited. According to the review, Rupali Bank Limited has excellent employees in terms of behavior, and customer happiness is an important factor in evaluating the bank's performance. Using a self-administered survey, a confirmatory factor analysis, and a set of quality measures adopted from the existing literature. We reaffirm that factors of perceived satisfaction with regard to corporate loans in the context of Bangladesh include interest rate, information availability, policies and charges as well loan repayment procedure. For data analysis, factor loading through PCA and regression were applied. Results revealed that interest rate, information availability, policies and charges as well loan repayment procedure are positively related with customer satisfaction towards corporate loan. However, this study is a genuine contribution towards the corporate loan sector of Bangladesh. Our findings have relevance for academics and practitioners interested in understanding customers' ultimate needs.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA AMAÇLARI VE GÖÇ
Authors: BAYSAR Zeynep , ÇAVUŞOĞLU İrem Ezgi , GÜNAYDIN Ekin
Published: March 2023

Binyıl Kalkınma Hedefleri üzerine inşa edilen ve bu hedeflerden daha geniş kapsamlı ve detaylı olan 2030 Gündemi, tüm ulusların ve insanların öngörülen amaçlara ulaşmasını ve bu hedeflere dahil edilmesini sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. 17 Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amacı ve 169 ilgili hedeften oluşan 2030 Gündemi, "herkesin insan haklarını gerçekleştirmeyi” amaçlar ve İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi ve uluslararası insan hakları sözleşmeleri de dahil olmak üzere insan hakları ilkelerine sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Bu amaçlara gerçek anlamda ulaşılabilmesi için, “Kimseyi Geride Bırakma” ilkesi esas alınarak hassas durumda olan kişilerin özellikle dikkate alınması gerekir. Hassas durumdaki gruplardan birini de göçmenler oluşturmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefi (SKH) 10.7 göçe doğrudan referans yapmakla birlikte diğer hedefler ile göç arasında da doğrudan bir bağlantı kurulması mümkündür. SKA’ların göç özelinde dikkate alınması, göçmenler için insanlık onuruna yakışan hayat şartlarının ve imkanların sağlanması bakımından büyük bir önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu nedenle de SKA’ları gerçekleştirmek için atılan adımlarda göçmen gruplarının özel ihtiyaçlarının dikkate alınması gerekir. Bu kapsamda, SKA’lar hem uluslararası hukuk boyutunda hem Avrupa Birliği hukukunda hem de Türk hukukunda göz ardı edilemeyecek etkilere neden olmuş, bu amaçların sağlanması için önemli adımlar atılmıştır.
The predictive role of biochemical markers on outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit
Authors: Mirjanić-Azarić Bosa , Pejić Ivana , Mijić Smiljana , Pejčić Aleksandra , Đurđević-Svraka Anita , Svraka Dragan , Knežević Darija , Milivojac Tatjana , Bogavac-Stanojević Nataša
Published: March 2023

Background: The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a multi-system disease caused by a diffuse systemic process involving a complex interaction of the inflammatory, immunological and coagulative cascades. This study aims to identify the most effective biomarkers to predict poor outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Methods: A single-centre retrospective observational study enrolled 69 deceased and 20 recovered patients treated in the ICU of the General Hospital Gradiska in the period from March 1, 2021. until April 1, 2022. We evaluated the leukocytes (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), neutrophils (NEU), platelets (PLT), haemoglobin, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). In addition, we evaluated the IL-6, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, magnesium, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase. Results: Between deceased and recovered patients on admission to the ICU, there was a significant difference between the following parameters: WBC x109/L 11.50 (8.86-14.75) vs. 9.40 (5.90-11.90), p =0.026; NEU x109/L 10.15 (7.81-12.74) vs. 8.60 (4.80-10.30) p=0.022; NLR 15.01 (10.60-24.33) vs. 9.45 (5.10-14.90) p=0.02; SII 3712 (2240-6543) vs. 1949 (993-3720) p=0.003. The magnesium level increased significantly over time in the patients who died, while the haemoglobin level and platelet count decreased. ROC analysis showed the following AUC values: WBC 0.774; NEU 0.781; NLR 0.786; SII 0.776; D-dimer 0.741, and bilirubin 0.713. Conclusion: In this retrospective study WBC, NEU, NLR, SII, D-dimer, and bilirubin determined at hospital admission had a high value in predicting death among patients with severe COVID-19.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: March 2023

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Computing Pseudolikelihood Estimators for Exponential-Family Random Graph Models
Authors: Schmid Christian S. , Hunter David R.
Published: March 2023

The reputation of the maximum pseudolikelihood estimator (MPLE) for Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM) has undergone a drastic change over the past 30 years. While first receiving broad support, mainly due to its computational feasibility and the lack of alternatives, general opinions started to change with the introduction of approximate maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) methods that became practicable due to increasing computing power and the introduction of MCMC methods. Previous comparison studies appear to yield contradicting results regarding the preference of these two point estimators; however, there is consensus that the prevailing method to obtain an MPLE’s standard error by the inverse Hessian matrix generally underestimates standard errors. We propose replacing the inverse Hessian matrix by an approximation of the Godambe matrix that results in confidence intervals with appropriate coverage rates and that, in addition, enables examining for model degeneracy. Our results also provide empirical evidence for the asymptotic normality of the MPLE under certain conditions.
Health-related quality of life and associated factors after hip fracture. Results from a six-month prospective cohort study
Authors: Deutschbein Johannes , Lindner Tobias , Möckel Martin , Pigorsch Mareen , Gilles Gabriela , Stöckle Ulrich , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Schenk Liane
Published: March 2023

Background

Hip fractures are a major public health problem with increasing relevance in aging societies. They are associated with high mortality rates, morbidity, and loss of independence. The aim of the EMAAge study was to determine the impact of hip fractures on patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and to identify potential risk factors for worse outcomes.

Methods

EMAAge is a multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients who suffered a hip fracture. Patients or, if necessary, proxies were interviewed after initial treatment and after six months using standardized questionnaires including the EQ-5D-5L instrument, the Oxford Hip Score, the PHQ-4, the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, and items on patients living situation. Medical data on diagnoses, comorbidities, medications, and hospital care were derived from hospital information systems.

Results

A total of 326 patients were included. EQ-5D index values decreased from a mean of 0.70 at baseline to 0.63 at six months. The mean self-rated health on the EQ-VAS decreased from 69.9 to 59.4. Multivariable linear regression models revealed three relevant associated factors with the six-months EQ-5D index: symptoms of depression and anxiety, pre-fracture limitations in activities of daily living, and no referral to a rehabilitation facility had a negative impact. In addition, the six-months EQ-VAS was negatively associated with polypharmacy, living in a facility, and migration background.

Conclusions

Hip fractures have a substantial negative impact on patients HRQOL. Our results suggest that there are modifying factors that need further investigation including polypharmacy and migration background. Structured and timely rehabilitation seems to be a protective factor.
The effect of a combined sprint training intervention on sprint force-velocity characteristics in junior Australian football players
Authors: Hicks Dylan Shaun , Drummond Claire , Williams Kym J. , van den Tillaar Roland
Published: March 2023

Background

Sprint performance in junior Australian football (AF) players has been shown to be a differentiating quality in ability level therefore developing sprint characteristics via sprint-specific training methods is an important aspect of their physical development. Assisted sprint training is one training method used to enhance sprint performance yet limited information exists on its effect on sprint force-velocity characteristics. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the influence of a combined sprint training intervention using assisted and maximal sprint training methods on mechanical characteristics and sprint performance in junior Australian football players.

Methods

Upon completing familiarization and pre-testing, twenty-two male junior Australian football (AF) players (age 14.4 ± 0.3 years, body mass 58.5 ± 10.0 kg, and height 1.74 ± 0.08 m) were divided into a combined sprint training (CST) group (n = 14), and a maximal sprint training (MST) group (n = 8) based on initial sprint performance over 20-meters. Sprint performance was assessed during maximal 20-meter sprint efforts via a radar gun (36 Hz), with velocity-time data used to derive force-velocity characteristics and split times. All subjects then completed a 7-week in-season training intervention consisting of maximal sprinting (MST & CST groups) and assisted sprinting (CST only), along with their usual football specific exercises.

Results

Moderate to large pre-post within group effects (−0.65 ≤ ES ≥ 0.82. p ≤ 0.01) in the CST group for relative theoretical maximal force (F0) and power (Pmax) were reflected in improved sprint performance from 0–20 m, thereby creating a more force-oriented F-v profile. The MST group displayed statistically significant pre-post differences in sprint performance between 10–20 m only (ES = 0.18, p = 0.04). Moderate to high relative reliability was achieved across all sprint variables (ICC = 0.65–0.91), except for the force-velocity slope (SFV) and decrement in ratio of forces (DRF) which reported poor reliability (ICC = 0.41–0.44), while the CST group exceeded the pre-post minimal detectable change (MDC) in most sprint variables suggesting a ‘true change’ in performance across the intervention.

Conclusion

It is concluded that implementing a short-term, combined sprint training intervention consisting of assisted and maximal sprint training methods may enhance sprint mechanical characteristics and sprint performance to 20-meters in junior AF players.
Metabolomics combined with clinical analysis explores metabolic changes and potential serum metabolite biomarkers of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal impairment
Authors: Liu Siyang , Xu Qing , Wang Yiru , Lv Yongman , Liu Qing quan
Published: March 2023

Background

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune systemic disease, and the majority of AAV patients have renal involvement presenting as rapid progressive glomerulonephritis (GN). Currently, the clinically available AAV markers are limited, and some of the newly reported markers are still in the nascent stage. The particular mechanism of the level changes of various markers and their association with the pathogenesis of AAV are not well defined. With the help of metabolomics analysis, this study aims to explore metabolic changes in AAV patients with renal involvement and lay the foundation for the discovery of novel biomarkers for AAV-related kidney damage.

Methods

We performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based on serum samples from patients with AAV (N = 33) and healthy controls (N = 33) in order to characterize the serum metabolic profiling. The principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to identify the differential metabolites. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) analysis were further conducted to identify the potential diagnostic biomarker. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the identified potential biomarker.

Results

A total of 455 metabolites were detected by LC-MS analysis. PCA and OPLS-DA demonstrated a significant difference between AAV patients with renal involvement and healthy controls, and 135 differentially expressed metabolites were selected, with 121 upregulated and 14 downregulated. Ninety-two metabolic pathways were annotated and enriched based on the KEGG database. N-acetyl-L-leucine, Acetyl-DL-Valine, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, and the combination of 1-methylhistidine and Asp-phe could accurately distinguish AAV patients with renal involvement from healthy controls. And 1-methylhistidine was found to be significantly associated with the progression and prognosis of AAV with renal impairment. Amino acid metabolism exhibits significant alternations in AAV with renal involvement.

Conclusion

This study identified metabolomic differences between AAV patients with renal involvement and non-AAV individuals. Metabolites that could accurately distinguish patients with AAV renal impairment from healthy controls in this study, and metabolites that were significantly associated with disease progression and prognosis were screened out. Overall, this study provides information on changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways for future studies of AAV-related kidney damage and lays a foundation for the exploration of new biomarkers of AAV-related kidney damage.
Species Composition and Diversity of Tree Species in Nanta Forest Region in Kota District, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Malav Anita , Jaiswal Poonam
Published: March 2023

The objective of this work was to study species composition and diversity of tree species between two vegetation stands, one is a protected vegetation stand and the other is a non-protected vegetation stand. The tree species composition and community structure were analyzed by field visits in Nanta forest region. Random sampling was done by using a standard size of quadrat i.e., 10x10m2. Results showed that a total of 30 species belonging to 25 genera and 11 families are present in the protected site whereas 8 species belonging to 7 genera and 5 families are present in the unprotected site. Anogeissus pendula (Edgew) and Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) were the most important species in protected and non-protected sites respectively. The Simpson’s index is higher in protected vegetation stands showing greater sample diversity. Family Fabaceae is dominant in both the vegetation stand which shows the ecological importance of this family.
Differences in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Presentation and Outcomes Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Mohsin Noreen , Martin Mackenzie R. , Reed Danielle J. , Vilasi Serena M. , Miao Lingling , Hill Natasha T. , Brownell Isaac
Published: March 2023

Importance

Racial and ethnic differences in skin cancer outcomes are understudied. Delineating these differences in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is needed to better understand this rare disease.

Objective

To determine how MCC presentation and outcomes differ across racial and ethnic groups.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with MCC and followed up from 2000 through 2018 in the 18 population-based cancer registries of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Patients without follow-up data were excluded. Data analysis occurred from March 12 to November 30, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to determine associations between demographic variables (race and ethnicity, age, sex, and income) and clinical variables (stage at diagnosis, primary site, and diagnosis year) with MCC-specific survival.

Results

Of the 9557 patients with MCC identified (6758 [70.7%] aged ≥70 years; 6008 [62.9%] male), 222 (2.3%) were Asian American or Pacific Islander, 146 (1.5%) Black, 541 (5.7%) Hispanic, and 8590 (89.9%) White. Hispanic patients had improved MCC-specific survival compared with White patients (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-0.99; P = .04). Black patients had the lowest MCC-specific survival, but it was not statistically different from White patients (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.86-1.60; P = .28). Hispanic and Black patients were less likely to present with a primary site of the head and neck than White patients (183 of 541 [33.8%] Hispanic patients and 45 of 146 [30.8%] Black patients vs 3736 of 8590 [43.5%] White patients; P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). Black patients presented more often than White patients with advanced disease at diagnosis (59 of 146 [40.4%] vs 2510 of 8590 [29.2%]; P = .004).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, there were differences between racial and ethnic groups in observed MCC outcomes and disease characteristics. Further investigations are warranted into the findings that, compared with White patients, Hispanic patients with MCC had improved outcomes and Black patients did not have worse outcomes despite presenting with more advanced disease.
Associations Between Natural Language Processing–Enriched Social Determinants of Health and Suicide Death Among US Veterans
Authors: Mitra Avijit , Pradhan Richeek , Melamed Rachel D. , Chen Kun , Hoaglin David C. , Tucker Katherine L. , Reisman Joel I. , Yang Zhichao , Liu Weisong , Tsai Jack , Yu Hong
Published: March 2023

Importance

Social determinants of health (SDOHs) are known to be associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors, but few studies use SDOHs from unstructured electronic health record notes.

Objective

To investigate associations between veterans’ death by suicide and recent SDOHs, identified using structured and unstructured data.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nested case-control study included veterans who received care under the US Veterans Health Administration from October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2015. A natural language processing (NLP) system was developed to extract SDOHs from unstructured clinical notes. Structured data yielded 6 SDOHs (ie, social or familial problems, employment or financial problems, housing instability, legal problems, violence, and nonspecific psychosocial needs), NLP on unstructured data yielded 8 SDOHs (social isolation, job or financial insecurity, housing instability, legal problems, barriers to care, violence, transition of care, and food insecurity), and combining them yielded 9 SDOHs. Data were analyzed in May 2022.

Exposures

Occurrence of SDOHs over a maximum span of 2 years compared with no occurrence of SDOH.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cases of suicide death were matched with 4 controls on birth year, cohort entry date, sex, and duration of follow-up. Suicide was ascertained by National Death Index, and patients were followed up for up to 2 years after cohort entry with a study end date of September 30, 2015. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression.

Results

Of 6 122 785 veterans, 8821 committed suicide during 23 725 382 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate 37.18 per 100 000 person-years). These 8821 veterans were matched with 35 284 control participants. The cohort was mostly male (42 540 [96.45%]) and White (34 930 [79.20%]), with 6227 (14.12%) Black veterans. The mean (SD) age was 58.64 (17.41) years. Across the 5 common SDOHs, NLP-extracted SDOH, on average, retained 49.92% of structured SDOHs and covered 80.03% of all SDOH occurrences. SDOHs, obtained by structured data and/or NLP, were significantly associated with increased risk of suicide. The 3 SDOHs with the largest effect sizes were legal problems (aOR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.46-2.89), violence (aOR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.98-2.27), and nonspecific psychosocial needs (aOR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.92-2.23), when obtained by combining structured data and NLP.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, NLP-extracted SDOHs, with and without structured SDOHs, were associated with increased risk of suicide among veterans, suggesting the potential utility of NLP in public health studies.
A systematic map of knowledge exchange across the science‐policy interface for forest science: How can we improve consistency and effectiveness?
Authors: Westwood Alana R. , Hutchen Jenna , Kapoor Tyreen , Klenk Kimberly , Saturno Jacquelyn , Antwi Effah K. , Egunyu Felicitas , Cortini Francesco , Robertson Manjulika , Le Noble Sophie , Wang Jonathan , Falconer Matthew , Nguyen Vivian M.
Published: March 2023

Knowledge produced by scientists is essential to the policy and practice of managing natural resources, including forests. However, there has never been systematic mapping of which techniques in knowledge exchange (KE) have been applied in the forest sciences, by whom, and to what effect. We examined KE techniques documented in the forest sciences globally.

We used standardized search strings in English and French across two academic search engines (BASE and Scopus) and a specialist website (ResearchGate) to locate relevant items. We screened items, extracted data, conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis, and built a network visualization diagram to demonstrate knowledge flow.

Our final map included 122 items published from 1998 to 2020, with most published after 2010. Items mentioned organizations from 66 countries as knowledge producers or users. The interactive network visualization diagram displays linkages between organizations, sectors and countries. We found that most of the KE activity involved the Global North (89%). Governments were the most common knowledge users, and industry was frequently reported as a user but rarely a producer. Academia was both producer and user. Indigenous, local, traditional or community knowledge was included in 24% of items, but these communities were not associated with any coauthor affiliations. Reported funders were universities, governments, non‐profits or foundations. We found 90 unique terms in the items related to KE with less than 25% of terms used in more than one item. Fifteen per cent of item keywords related to KE. The most commonly identified enabling conditions for KE were trust, funding and established relationships, while major barriers were challenges for translation of science and lack of time.

To improve searchability of information related to KE and encourage a culture of considering KE in scientific research and forest management work, we recommend a common lexicon of ‘knowledge exchange’/‘échange de connaisances’. We recommend that more effort be given to forest science‐related KE connections between the Global North and South as well as a deliberate collection of evidence for the effectiveness of KE techniques. Researchers and practitioners can use our KE typology to identify their goals and design appropriate evaluation measures.
Geometric and dosimetric evaluation of deep learning based auto‐segmentation for clinical target volume on breast cancer
Authors: Zhong Yang , Guo Ying , Fang Yingtao , Wu Zhiqiang , Wang Jiazhou , Hu Weigang
Published: March 2023

Background

Recently, target auto‐segmentation techniques based on deep learning (DL) have shown promising results. However, inaccurate target delineation will directly affect the treatment planning dose distribution and the effect of subsequent radiotherapy work. Evaluation based on geometric metrics alone may not be sufficient for target delineation accuracy assessment. The purpose of this paper is to validate the performance of automatic segmentation with dosimetric metrics and try to construct new evaluation geometric metrics to comprehensively understand the dose‐response relationship from the perspective of clinical application.

Materials and Methods

A DL‐based target segmentation model was developed by using 186 manual delineation modified radical mastectomy breast cancer cases. The resulting DL model were used to generate alternative target contours in a new set of 48 patients. The Auto‐plan was reoptimized to ensure the same optimized parameters as the reference Manual‐plan. To assess the dosimetric impact of target auto‐segmentation, not only common geometric metrics but also new spatial parameters with distance and relative volume () to target were used. Correlations were performed using Spearman's correlation between segmentation evaluation metrics and dosimetric changes.

Results

Only strong (|R2| > 0.6, p < 0.01) or moderate (|R2| > 0.4, p < 0.01) Pearson correlation was established between the traditional geometric metric and three dosimetric evaluation indices to target (conformity index, homogeneity index, and mean dose). For organs at risk (OARs), inferior or no significant relationship was found between geometric parameters and dosimetric differences. Furthermore, we found that OARs dose distribution was affected by boundary error of target segmentation instead of distance and to target.

Conclusions

Current geometric metrics could reflect a certain degree of dose effect of target variation. To find target contour variations that do lead to OARs dosimetry changes, clinically oriented metrics that more accurately reflect how segmentation quality affects dosimetry should be constructed.
A roadmap for implementation of kV‐CBCT online adaptive radiation therapy and initial first year experiences
Authors: Stanley Dennis N. , Harms Joseph , Pogue Joel A. , Belliveau Jean‐Guy , Marcrom Samuel R. , McDonald Andrew M. , Dobelbower Michael C. , Boggs Drexell H. , Soike Michael H. , Fiveash John A. , Popple Richard A. , Cardenas Carlos E.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy (oART) follows a different treatment paradigm than conventional radiotherapy, and because of this, the resources, implementation, and workflows needed are unique. The purpose of this report is to outline our institution's experience establishing, organizing, and implementing an oART program using the Ethos therapy system.

Methods

We include resources used, operational models utilized, program creation timelines, and our institutional experiences with the implementation and operation of an oART program. Additionally, we provide a detailed summary of our first year's clinical experience where we delivered over 1000 daily adaptive fractions. For all treatments, the different stages of online adaption, primary patient set‐up, initial kV‐CBCT acquisition, contouring review and edit of influencer structures, target review and edits, plan evaluation and selection, Mobius3D 2nd check and adaptive QA, 2nd kV‐CBCT for positional verification, treatment delivery, and patient leaving the room, were analyzed.

Results

We retrospectively analyzed data from 97 patients treated from August 2021–August 2022. One thousand six hundred seventy seven individual fractions were treated and analyzed, 632(38%) were non‐adaptive and 1045(62%) were adaptive. Seventy four of the 97 patients (76%) were treated with standard fractionation and 23 (24%) received stereotactic treatments. For the adaptive treatments, the generated adaptive plan was selected in 92% of treatments. On average(±std), adaptive sessions took 34.52 ± 11.42 min from start to finish. The entire adaptive process (from start of contour generation to verification CBCT), performed by the physicist (and physician on select days), was 19.84 ± 8.21 min.

Conclusion

We present our institution's experience commissioning an oART program using the Ethos therapy system. It took us 12 months from project inception to the treatment of our first patient and 12 months to treat 1000 adaptive fractions. Retrospective analysis of delivered fractions showed that the average overall treatment time was approximately 35 min and the average time for the adaptive component of treatment was approximately 20 min.
Entanglement in Smart Hydrogels: Fast Response Time, Anti‐Freezing and Anti‐Drying
Authors: Feng Yuqin , Wang Shancheng , Li Yaqin , Ma Wenxia , Zhang Gang , Yang Ming , Li Haibo , Yang Yongsheng , Long Yi
Published: March 2023

The common techniques to improve hydrogel's mechanical properties include increasing crosslinking density and forming crosslinked double‐network hydrogel, which may cause some hydrogels to lose their smart functionalities. Inspired by entanglement‐induced strengthening, a simple approach to introducing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) fibers entangled with different smart hydrogel matrix systems are reported. Different from the conventional methods which hinder the movement of the polymer network, through entanglement with HPC fibers, the composite hydrogel shows both improved Young's modulus and toughness and more importantly improved smart functionalities including response speed, anti‐drying, and anti‐freezing capabilities and cycle stability. This strategy provides a new design rule to fabricate durable and strengthened smart hydrogels which can be used in smart windows, sensors, and soft robots.
Highly Flexible Carbon Film Implanted with Single‐Atomic Zn−N2 Moiety for Long‐Life Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yao Ge , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Yuhang , Xiao Yue , Wei Lingzhi , Niu Helin , Chen Qianwang , Yang Yang , Zheng Fangcai
Published: March 2023

Room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are regarded as one of promising next‐generation energy storage systems owing to the high theoretical energy density (1274 Wh kg−1) and rich abundance of the raw materials. However, the sluggish redox kinetics and low electrical conductivity of sulfur (S) cathode significantly imped their practical application. Herein, a flexible carbon film implanted with single‐atomic Zn−N2 moiety (Zn‐N2/CF) is constructed as the efficient S host material to effectively improve the redox kinetics and electrical conductivity. The theoretical and experimental results show that, compared to Zn−N4 center, unsaturated Zn−N2 center with asymmetric electron distribution has significant advantages in anchoring and activating sodium polysulfides to accelerate the conversion from S8 to Na2S and reducing the reaction energy barrier of Na2S decomposition. Consequently, Zn‐N2/CF/S can retain a reversible capacity of 838.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, which is higher than that of Zn‐N4/CF/S (688.0 mAh g−1). Moreover, Zn‐N2/CF/S also maintains a long‐term cycling performance with a negligible capacity decay rate of 0.006% per cycle over 4000 cycles at 10 A g−1. This work provides an effective strategy to obtain the flexible carbon film implanted with unsaturated single‐atomic structure, thereby ultimately resulting in high‐performance RT Na–S batteries.
A Polymer Defect Passivator for Efficient Hole‐Conductor‐Free Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiang Junwei , Han Chuanzhou , Qi Jianhang , Cheng Yanjie , Chen Kai , Ma Yongming , Xie Jiayu , Hu Yue , Mei Anyi , Zhou Yinhua , Han Hongwei
Published: March 2023

Due to the low cost and excellent potential for mass production, printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs) have drawn a lot of attention among other device structures. However, the low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of such devices restricts their power conversion efficiency (PCE). This limitation is brought by the high defect density at perovskite grain boundaries in the mesoporous scaffold, which results in severe nonradiative recombination and is detrimental to the VOC. To improve the perovskite crystallization process, passivate the perovskite defects, and enhance the PCE, additive engineering is an effective way. Herein, a polymeric Lewis base polysuccinimide (PSI) is added to the perovskite precursor solution as an additive. It improves the perovskite crystallinity and its carbonyl groups strongly coordinate with Pb2+, which can effectively passivate defects. Additionally, compared with its monomer, succinimide (SI), PSI serves as a better defect passivator because the long‐chained macromolecule can be firmly anchored on those defect sites and form a stronger interaction with perovskite grains. As a result, the champion device has a PCE of 18.84%, and the VOC rises from 973 to 1030 mV. This study offers a new strategy for fabricating efficient p‐MPSCs.
Monolithic Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Energy‐Efficient Water Adsorption Applications
Authors: Çamur Ceren , Babu Robin , Suárez del Pino José A. , Rampal Nakul , Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , Hügenell Philipp , Ernst Sebastian‐Johannes , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquin , Imaz Inhar , Madden David G. , Maspoch Daniel , Fairen‐Jimenez David
Published: March 2023

Space cooling and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for roughly 10% of global electricity use and are responsible for ca. 1.13 gigatonnes of CO2 emissions annually. Adsorbent‐based HVAC technologies have long been touted as an energy‐efficient alternative to traditional refrigeration systems. However, thus far, no suitable adsorbents have been developed which overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional sorbent materials such as silica gels and zeolites. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer order‐of‐magnitude improvements in water adsorption and regeneration energy requirements. However, the deployment of MOFs in HVAC applications has been hampered by issues related to MOF powder processing. Herein, three high‐density, shaped, monolithic MOFs (UiO‐66, UiO‐66‐NH2, and Zr‐fumarate) with exceptional volumetric gas/vapor uptake are developed—solving previous issues in MOF‐HVAC deployment. The monolithic structures across the mesoporous range are visualized using small‐angle X‐ray scattering and lattice‐gas models, giving accurate predictions of adsorption characteristics of the monolithic materials. It is also demonstrated that a fragile MOF such as Zr‐fumarate can be synthesized in monolithic form with a bulk density of 0.76 gcm−3 without losing any adsorption performance, having a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.71 with a low regeneration temperature (≤ 100 °C).
Localized Bound Multiexcitons in Engineered Quasi‐2D Perovskites Grains at Room Temperature for Efficient Lasers
Authors: Li Guohui , Lin Kai , Zhao Kefan , Huang Yang , Ji Ting , Shi Linlin , Hao Yuying , Xiong Qihua , Zheng Kaibo , Pullerits Tonu , Cui Yanxia
Published: March 2023

Reducing the excitation threshold to minimize the Joule heating is critical for the realization of perovskite laser diodes. Although bound excitons are promising for low threshold laser, how to generate them at room temperature for laser applications is still unclear in quasi‐2D perovskite‐based devices. In this work, via engineering quasi‐2D perovskite PEA2(CH3NH3)n‐1PbnBr3n+1 microscopic grains by the anti‐solvent method, room‐temperature multiexciton radiative recombination is successfully demonstrated at a remarkably low pump density of 0.97 µJ cm−2, which is only one‐fourth of that required in 2D CdSe nanosheets. In addition, the well‐defined translational momentum in quasi‐2D perovskite grains can restrict the Auger recombination which is detrimental to radiative emission. Furthermore, the quasi‐2D perovskite grains are favorable for increasing binding energies of excitons and biexcitons and so as the related radiative recombination. Consequently, the prepared  phase quasi‐2D perovskite film renders a threshold of room‐temperature stimulated emission as low as 13.7 µJ cm−2, reduced by 58.6% relative to the amorphous counterpart with larger grains. The findings in this work are expected to facilitate the development of solution‐processable perovskite multiexcitonic laser diodes.
Defect‐Induced, Ferroelectric‐Like Switching and Adjustable Dielectric Tunability in Antiferroelectrics
Authors: Pan Hao , Tian Zishen , Acharya Megha , Huang Xiaoxi , Kavle Pravin , Zhang Hongrui , Wu Liyan , Chen Dongfang , Carroll John , Scales Robert , Meyers Cedric J. G. , Coleman Kathleen , Hanrahan Brendan , Spanier Jonathan E. , Martin Lane W.
Published: March 2023

Antiferroelectrics, which undergo a field‐induced phase transition to ferroelectric order that manifests as double‐hysteresis polarization switching, exhibit great potential for dielectric, electromechanical, and electrothermal applications. Compared to their ferroelectric cousins, however, considerably fewer efforts have been made to understand and control antiferroelectrics. Here, it is demonstrated that the polarization switching behavior of an antiferroelectric can be strongly influenced and effectively regulated by point defects. In films of the canonical antiferroelectric PbZrO3, decreasing oxygen pressure during deposition (and thus increasing adatom kinetic energy) causes unexpected “ferroelectric‐like” polarization switching although the films remain in the expected antiferroelectric orthorhombic phase. This “ferroelectric‐like” switching is correlated with the creation of bombardment‐induced point‐defect complexes which pin the antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase boundaries, and thus effectively delay the phase transition under changing field. The effective pinning energy is extracted via temperature‐dependent switching‐kinetics studies. In turn, by controlling the concentration of defect complexes, the dielectric tunability of the PbZrO3 can be adjusted, including being able to convert between “positive” and “negative” tunability near zero field. This work reveals the important role and strong capability of defects to engineer antiferroelectrics for new performance and functionalities.
Move Aside Pentacene: Diazapentacene‐Doped para‐Terphenyl, a Zero‐Field Room‐Temperature Maser with Strong Coupling for Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Ng Wern , Xu Xiaotian , Attwood Max , Wu Hao , Meng Zhu , Chen Xi , Oxborrow Mark
Published: March 2023

Masers can deliver ultralow‐noise amplification of microwave signals in medical imaging and deep‐space communication, with recent research being rekindled through the discovery of gain media operating at room‐temperature, eschewing bulky cryogenics that hindered their use. This work shows the discovery of 6,13‐diazapentacene doped in para‐terphenyl (DAP:PTP) as a maser gain medium that can operate at room‐temperature, without an external magnetic field. With a maser output power of −10 dBm, it is on par with pentacene‐doped para‐terphenyl in masing power, while possessing compelling advantages such as faster amplification startup times, being pumped by longer wavelength light at 620 nm and greater chemical stability from nitrogen groups. Furthermore, the maser bursts from DAP:PTP allow one to reach the strong coupling regime for cavity quantum electrodynamics, with a high cooperativity of 182. The optical and microwave spin dynamics of DAP:PTP are studied in order to evaluate its capabilities as a maser gain medium, where it features fast intersystem crossing and an advantageously higher triplet quantum yield. The results pave the way for the future discovery of similar maser materials and help designate them as promising candidates for quantum sensors, optoelectronic devices and the study of cavity quantum electrodynamic effects at room‐temperature.
Digitally Printable Magnetic Liquid Metal Composite for Recyclable Soft‐Matter Electronics
Authors: Hajalilou Abdollah , Parvini Elahe , Pereira João Pedro Marques , Lopes Pedro Alhais , Silva André F. , De Almeida Anibal , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

The increasing interest in epidermal patches for wearable monitoring makes it urgent to move toward “greener” and recyclable materials in printed electronics. However, combining scalable fabrication, stretchable function, and recyclable material architecture is challenging to achieve. Herein, this article introduces a printable biphasic liquid metal (LM)‐based composite that combines excellent electrical conductivity, high stretchability, low‐electromechanical gauge factor, printability, sinter‐free functionality, and compatibility with heat‐sensitive substrates, thanks to the sinter‐free formulation. The novel eutectic gallium indium LM‐nickel‐styrene‐isoprene (SIS) thermoplastic elastomer composite takes advantage of a “greener” solvent composed of a mixture of methyl acetate, cyclohexane, and 4‐chlorobenzotrifluoride compared to the toluene used in block copolymers (BCPs). Furthermore, it replaces the costly micron‐sized silver flake filler particles with nickel, a lower‐cost alternative that enables facile recyclability by using a magnetic force. The use of BCPs with non‐permanent physical cross‐links enables the possibility of recycling. A green route is shown for recycling the composite, using only bio‐friendly acids and daily used products such as sugar and Epsom salt. The application of these composites is shown through the digital printing of stretchable circuits and magnetic switches.