bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ НА КЛЕТКИ РАКА ТОЛСТОЙ КИШКИ ПУТЕМ АНАЛИЗА ОТКЛИКА ИОННЫХ КАНАЛОВ МЕТОДАМИ ПАТЧКЛАМП СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ В РЕАЛЬНОМ ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: July 2018

Градов О. В. Количественная оценка воздействия неорганических элементов на клетки рака толстой кишки путем анализа отклика ионных каналов методами патч-кламп-спектроскопии в реальном времени // Сборник тезисов III Конгресса ОСОК (19 – 21 октября 2016 г.). — ФГБУ Российский онкологический научный центр им.Н.Н.Блохина Минздрава России Москва, 2016. Известна  корреляция  содержания  отдельных  неорганических  элементов  (калий,  натрий,  кальций,  магний, железо,  марганец,  цинк,  медь,  фосфор,  селен) в  рационе и  окружающей  среде с риском  развития колоректального рака [PMID: 8137659]. Необходима  разработка  средств  диагностики и прогностики  колоректального  рака,  основанных на  корреляционном  анализе  содержания  в  рационе и  воде микроэлементов  и  цитотоксичных  элементов, способных взаимодействовать  с  ионными  каналами,  и  отклика каналов,  регистрируемого  путем  локальнойфиксации потенциала на клеточной мембране (patchclam / voltageclamp). Предлагается  для  разделения  вкладов  и клеточноэлектрофизиологических  эффектов отдельных  ионов разделять отклики отдельных типов или популяций каналов по частотам и фазам их срабатывания, реализуя спектральную  обработку  сигнала  по  временным  окнам  с использованием  специальных  алгоритмовпроцессинга,  работающих  в  режиме  «мягкого  реального  времени».
Carbohydrate accumulation in developing grains of wheat genotypes
Authors: Gutam Sridhar , Nath Virendra , Srivastava G C , Kumari Santosh
Published: July 2018

An experiment was conducted to estimate the total sugars and starch contents in three tetraploid and three hexaploid wheat genotypes at different days after anthesis (DAA). The sugar content decreased continuously from 5 DAA till harvest whereas the starch content increased at the same time. The new plant type, DL 1226-2, recorded highest amount of sugars at 15 DAA and starch at harvest stage.
The use of color distribution analysis for ripeness prediction of Golden Apollo melon
Authors: Horticulture The Journal of Applied , Ahmad Usman
Published: July 2018

Human visual perception on color of melon fruit for ripeness judgement is a complex phenomenon that depends on many factors, making the judgement is often inaccurate and inconsistent. The objective of this study is to develop an image processing algorithm that can be used for distinguishing ripe melons from unripe ones based on their skin color. The image processing algorithm could then be used as a pre-harvest tool to facilitate farmers with enough information for making decisions about whether or not the melon is ready to harvest. Four sample groups of Golden Apollo melon were harvested at four different harvesting age, with 55 fruits in each group. The color distribution as results of the image analysis can be separated at the first two groups from other groups with minimal overlap, but they cannot be separated from the other two groups. The color image analysis of the melons in combination with discriminant analysis could be used to distinguish between harvesting age groups with an average accuracy of 86%.
Performance of Sugarcane Varieties with Respect of Growth Parameters and their Management in Sodic Soil
Authors: Mitnala Jayalakshmi
Published: July 2018

A field experiment on sugarcane was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirapalli with the view to identify sodic tolerant variety and suitable amendment for sodic soil. Four sugarcane varieties viz Co Si (Sc) 6, Co C (Sc) 86032, Co C (Sc) 23 and Co G (Sc) 5 and three amendments viz pressmud @ 12.5 t ha -1, gypsum @ 4.8 t ha -1 and bottom slag @ 15 t ha-1 were studied along with the unamended control in the experiment were studied. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The observations on germination percentage, tillers, plant height, leaf area index, number of internodes, internodal length, cane length, cane girth, single cane weight and number of millable canes, were recorded. The results revealed that sugarcane varieties Co G (Sc) 5 and Co C (Sc) 23 gave better growth characters as compared to the Co Si (Sc) 6 and Co C (Sc) 86032 under sodic soil. The sugarcane varieties namely Co G (Sc) 5 and Co C (Sc) 23 were found to be superior in respect of both germination percentage and number of millable canes, hence these might be considered suitable for growing under sodic soil.
Prokaryotic Diversity from Extreme Environments of Pakistan and its Potential Applications at Regional Levels
Authors: KHAN RAEES , Khan Muhammad Israr , Zeb Amir , Roy Nazish , Yasir Muhammad , Khan Imran , Qazi Javed Iqbal , Ahmad Shabir , Ullah Riaz , Bhutto Zuhaibuddin
Published: July 2018

Extremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources for practicing novel biotechnological processes. Pakistan homes a wide spectrum of extreme environments which harbor various biotechnologically significant microorganisms. This review gauges the structural and functional bacterial diversity of several extreme environments, emphasizing their potentials as a source of extremozymes, and in bioleaching, bioremediation, and bioenergy production at regional level. Further, this review highlights a panoramic account of the local natural conservatories of extremophiles. The inadequacies of current fragmental research are discussed with suggestions to quantitatively define the structural and functional diversity of unexplored extreme localities.
Genetic bottleneck studies in five duck (Anas platyrhynchos) populations of India
Authors: Tantia Madhu Sudan
Published: July 2018

The data of 24 microsatellite loci were generated for 4 indigenous duck populations and 1 commercial breed (Khakhi Campbell). The data were subjected to statistical analysis to test for heterozygosity excess or deficiency since any bottlenecked population would undergo transient heterozygosity excess. Three tests, viz. Sign-rank test, Standardised differences test and Wilcoxon test were utilised in each of the three models of mutations, IAM, SMM and TPM. SMM, which is the most suited model for evolution of microsatellites did not reveal any bottleneck in the last few generations. In our present study the heterozygosity excess is not evident in any of the 5 duck populations and thus the duck populations of India under study are in mutation drift equilibrium. The rejection of null hypothesis in the duck populations is attributed to heterozygotic deficiency.
Effect of Long Term Fertilization on Content and Uptake of Macro Nutrients in Sorghum-Wheat Cropping Sequence - A Review
Authors: Mitnala Jayalakshmi
Published: July 2018

Sorghum and wheat are the premier food grain crops of the peninsular central India and in particular of Maharashtra. There has been a phenomenal increase in its production after mid sixties with the introduction of high yielding varieties. Increase in production was achieved through increase in area as well as productivity. Inputs like improved seeds, irrigation, fertilizers etc. has given a boost to productivity. Continuous addition of chemical fertilizers poses problems like toxicity due to high amounts of salts as residues of fertilizer and deterioration of the physico-chemical properties. Organic manure ameliorates this problem as organic matter helps in increasing adsorptive power of soil for cations and anions particularly phosphate and nitrate. Long term manuring and fertilizer experiments conducted in India showed declining trend in productivity even with the application of NPK fertilizers under modern intensive farming. Neither organic source alone nor inorganic fertilizers can achieve sustainability in crop production under intensive agriculture, where nutrient turnover in soil-plant system is much higher. However, their combined use appeared promising in enhanced crop productivity besides improving soil fertility.
Induction of rooting in grape ARI-516
Authors: Tetali Sujata Pundarikakshudu
Published: July 2018

Basal cuttings having more than 8 mm diameter showed better rooting than apical sections of the shoots. Cuttings treated with low temperature for 24 hours before planting initially sprouted well, up to 45 days but could not survive until 90 days. Cuttings from the middle portion having 5+/- 1 mm thickness survived better for IBA treatment at 90 days. NAA did not help to root. Hormones when externally applied did not show any role in promoting rooting.
Nutritional Quality of Organically Grown Food Crops
Authors: Mitnala Jayalakshmi
Published: July 2018

In India, with less than 42,000 ha under certified organic farming during 2003-04, the area under organic farming grew by almost 25 fold, during the next 5 years, to 1.2 million ha during 2008-09. Later, however, the area under certified organic farming has fluctuated between 0.78-1.1 million ha. Presently, about 0.7 million ha area is under certified organic cultivation and India ranks 4th in terms of largest areas of organic agricultural land (Willer and Julia, 2016). During 2014-15, India had the largest number of organic producers of about 0.65 million and accounted for 1.35 million tons of certified organic produce. India exported 135 products during 2014-15 with the total volume of 263687 MT. The organic food export realization was around 298 million USD.
Performance of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on herbage yield, nutrient content and uptake of rainfed palmarosa (Cymbopogan martini var. Motia) - A Review
Authors: Mitnala Jayalakshmi
Published: July 2018

Cymbopogan martini var. Motia commonly known as Palmarosa or Rosha grass is a tall perennial tufted hedge native of most parts of sub-tropical India. Palmarosa oil has a sweet floral rose-like odour also has notes of rye bread, tea and clary sage. The oil is extensively used as perfumery raw material in soaps; floral rose-like perfumes; cosmetics preparations and in the manufacture of mosquito repellent products. It is used for flavoring tobacco products, foods and non-alcoholic beverages. The volatile oil is used as a remedy for lumbago, stiff joints, skin diseases and for bilious complaints.Considering the importance of this crop every efforts are being made to increase the oil production of the crop by using improved nutrient management practices.
CORRELATIONAL PATCH-CLAMP SPECTROMETRY OF THE ION CHANNELS
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: July 2018

Membrane ion channels operate in accordance with the main principles of coordination chemistry. Coordination number is known to determine the ion selectivity of the sodium and potassium channels. there are known both ligand-dependent and ligand-controlled ion channels operating within the supramolecular coordination fixation principles. The channel-forming ionophores form the structures which bind cations via coordination bonds leading to the conformational changes with the adjustment of the whole supramolecular architecture providing the ion channel selectivity. Such kind of non-covalent systems underlie the electrogenic membrane functions and the potential-controlled transmembrane ion transfer systems. They can be studied by means of the path-clamp method (i.e. the local membrane potential fixation), such as the «anion clamp», applied together with the analysis of the metal ion coordination geometry with the ion channels. However, such methods are not capable to register the ion channel conformational state in situ - during the ion coordination - with the molecular resolution of the ion channel structure. In this regard there is a need to develop dynamical methods capable of the simultaneous registration of the conformational and metallomic / elementomic coordination parameters and the electrophysiological response to the ion coordination. We propose to develop for this purpose a special kind of spectroscopic systems providing registration of the electrophysiological parameters and the single ion channel response by means of the local potential fixation techniques (patch-clamp / voltage-clamp) with the advanced spectral processing and the subsequent data mining, with the simultaneous spectral detection of the ion channel state as a coordination and conformationally labile supramolecular structure, with the final data processing results presented not as the single spectra, but as the spectral correlogram.Градов О. В., Орехов Ф. К. Корреляционная патч-кламп-спектрометрия ионных каналов – сочетание спектрального анализа электрофизиологического отклика каналома в нежестком реальном времени и методов спектроскопии ионных каналов как координационных (комплексных) структур // Биомедицинская инженерия и электроника. — 2016. — № 2(13). — С. 5–28.
العلاقة بين اللغة والرياضيات
Authors: Teama Abd Al-Rahman Mohammad
Published: July 2018

ترتبط العناصر الطبيعية والنظم الحية بعلاقات كثيرة ومتشابكة، تحددها قوانين رياضية أو كيميائية أو فيزيائية أو حيوية بسيطة أو معقدة. وقد تم استنتاج الكثير من تلك العلاقات والقوانين، ولا يزال الكثير منها بحاجة إلى اكتشاف أو تفسير. وإن كانت الاختلافات العضوية بين الكائنات الحية يمكن عزوُها إلى اختلافات وراثية خاصة بكل كائن، فإنه لا يزال من الصعب تفسير كثير من المظاهر الطبيعية، كتباين أشكال الحصى وحجومها وقمم الجبال وارتفاعاتها وأشكال الغيوم، إلخ. وعلى الرغم من هذه الاختلافات الظاهرية، فإن المكونات الجزيئية لتلك العناصر تتشابه إلى حد كبير وفقاً لمبدأ ما يسمى بالهندسة الكُسيْرية التي تستند إلى أن تجزئة العناصر أو تكسيرها ينتج مكونات جزئية متشابهة إلى درجة كبيرة أو صغيرة. وكذلك اللغات، فرغم الاختلافات الظاهرية بينها حرفاً ونطقاً وصوتاً، فإنها تتشابه في المقاصد والمعاني والدلالات التي تؤدي في نهاية المطاف إلى نفس النتيجة، وهي تسهيل الاتصال بين البشر والتعبير عن خلجات نفوسهم ومشاعرهم وحاجاتهم، بغض النظر عن اختلاف حروفها وكلماتها وطريقة كتابتها، وكأنها تخضع لقوانين رياضية وطيدة
الدمج الجينومي البيولوجي في الدرس اللساني المعاصر
Authors: Teama Abd Al-Rahman Mohammad
Published: July 2018

This study aims at establishing a Neurological Methodology in the Contemporary Linguistic Analysis, by refuting the linguistic universalities which have been totally handled as postulates or axioms in the Human Mind. We're tending to find a specific set of systematic tools to help researchers in exploring human language from the Neuro-Biological perspective, in the frame of the Primary Standard Data measured by The new Medical techniques; such as: FMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PET (Positron Emission Topography) …etc, which help scholars in probing Cerebral tissue, and detecting the deep Neurological Centers of Human Language; hence we can shape the Genetic Paradigm of Human Language (Language Genome).
معالم النّقد الأدبي ومبادئه عند محمد البشير الإبراهيمي
Authors: Benkhouya Rabah
Published: July 2018

سنتطرق في هذا البحث إلى بعض الإسهامات النقدية لمحمد البشير الإبراهيميّ على الصّعيدِ الأَدَبِيّ والنَّقديّ لتطوير مَعَالِم نقد أدبيّ إسلاميّ لمقاربة النصوص الأدبيّة والشعرية. وسنحلل بعض آرائه وتصوّراته وأفكاره، موضّحين مَعِالِمَ قِرَاءَاتِهِ النَّقْدِيّةِ ومَبادِئِها، تأسيساً لأطر نظريّته في النَّقدِ وَالأدَبِ، كما هي متجلّية في مُمَارَسَاتِهِ وإِنجَازَاتِه المُختَلِفة، وإبرازاً لأثر التَّصوُّر الإِسلَاميّ في كتاباته الأدبيّة والنّقديّة لتأسيس نقد أدبي إسلامي متميّز يُعنى بالمضمون عنايته بالشكل. وهذا التّصوّر لوظيفة النقد والأدب هو المدخل المعرفيّ الطّبيعيّ المُلائم لقراءة كتابات الإبراهيميّ الأدبيّة والنَّقديَّة على السّواء
غاية الأرب في معرفة أصل كلام العرب
Authors: Moustafa Khaled
Published: July 2018

تأثرت اللغة العربية وأثرت في لغات أخرى كثيرة، كالتركية والفارسية والإنكليزية والفرنسية. وتدين اللغة العربية لهذه اللغات بالكثير من مفرداتها نتيجة التفاعل والاحتكاك المباشر وغير المباشر بين العرب وشعوب تلك اللغات على مر العصور. ولكن، منذ بدء النهضة الصناعية في أوروبا، أواخر القرن الثامن عشر، تراجع تأثير اللغة العربية علمياً وثقافياً بشكل واضح، وأصبح عدد المفردات والمصطلحات الأجنبية الواردة إلى اللغة العربية أكبر بكثير من عدد المفردات والمصطلحات العربية التي تخرج منها إلى لغات أخرى. فمعظم أسماء المخترعات الحديثة اليوم، من أدوات وآلات وأدوية طبية وزراعية ومركبات كيميائية وحيوية ومعادن ومصطلحات علمية وتقنية وفنية في شتى الفروع والاختصاصات، تكاد تكون جميعها أجنبية، أو معربة لفظياً في أحسن الأحوال، بدءاً من (المول) إلى (الباراسيتامول)، وانتهاءً ب (الإيميل) إلى (الموبايل) مروراً ب (التراجيديا) إلى (الكوميديا) و(البسكوت) إلى (البلاستيك) إلخ
اشتهاء الطيبات: ليس مجرد تذوق فحسب
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: July 2018

هل تعاني من نوبات شديدة من الإحساس بالشهية العارمة لتناول طعام معين أو قطعة حلوى؟ هل يصبح تركيزك أفضل إذا ما دخنت سيجارة، خصوصاً إذا كنت جالساً في مكتبك تقرأ أو تفكر بمسألة ما؟ وهل تستمتع مساءً وأنت تجلس أمام التلفزيون، تقلبه من محطة لأخرى و تتناول المكسرات أو قطع الشوكولاته؟ وهل أنت ممن لا يستطيعون صباحاً البدء بأي نشاط قبل ارتشاف فنجان من القهوة أو الشاي؟ وهل أنت من الأشخاص الذين "يمرضون" إذا لم يعملوا بدأب طوال النهار، ويجدون صعوبة في التوقف عن العمل أو إرجاء ما لم يتم إنجازه للغد...؟
مفاتيح العزة: لوحة مفاتيح عربية لتسهيل كتابة وتعلم العربية في عصر المعلوماتية
Authors: Bouhadjera Abdelmalek
Published: July 2018

إن جودة التفاعل بين المستخدم العربي والحاسب الآلي عند إدخال النصوص العربية باستخدام لوحة المفاتيح تعبر عن مدى دقة وسهولة وتطور اللغة العربية تقنياً. ولكن الواقع المؤلم للعربية اليوم، المتمثل بعدم معالجة تلك المسألة بطريقة احترافية، يقلل من أهمية ذلك التفاعل ويزيد من صعوبة استخدام العربية وتعلّمها وتعليمها. ولا يزال المستخدم العربي يعاني من هذه المعضلة منذ ظهور الآلة الراقنة (الكاتبة) إلى الآن، لأن الاقتراحات التي بنيت عليها تصاميم لوحات المفاتيح لم ترتكز في معظمها على دراسات منهجية وبحوث علمية لغوية، كما هو الحال في تصميم مفاتيح لغات الدول المتقدمة. لذلك، اقترح تصميم جديد للوحة مفاتيح عربية باسم "مفاتيح العِزّة" للمساهمة في زيادة كفاءة استخدام الحاسب عربياً بما يتلاءم مع مرونة اللغة العربية وانسجامها مع الحاسب. ومن أهم ميزات هذه اللوحة أنها تقلل من صعوبات كتابة وتعلم اللغة العربية باستخدام الحاسب، وتعطي الهمزة استقلالية تامة باعتبارها حرفاً بذاته ممثلاً برمز و مفتاح خاص بها. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، هناك أزرار خاصة للحركات والشدّة مع المحافظة على توزيع الحروف الأساسي الموجود في لوحات المفاتيح الحالية. __In this research, the focus is placed on the process of entering Arabic text via computer keyboards. The typing operation is a good indicator of the accuracy, ease of use and level of development of a particular language. However, this issue has not been treated in a professional manner in the Arab countries since the appearance of typewriters, due to the absence of real scientific research culture and technological development in Arab institutions. To mitigate this issue, a new Arabic keyboard, called Arabic Izza Keyboard, was designed to reflect a better picture of Arabic and to take advantage of its great flexibility and compatibility with computer use. A software application was also developed to reduce the obstacles in Arabic writing and learning, particularly by considering the Hamza as a single letter represented independently on a single key on the keyboard. The accents (Harakat and Shadda) are also given independent keys on the first keyboard level, without the need to press the shift key. Other improvements are implemented without affecting the current distribution and layout of most keys, making it easier and intuitive to write and deal with Arabic texts on computers.
الإحداثيات القطبية الكروية
Authors: Nasser Ibraheem M.A
Published: July 2018

نظرة عابرة على الإحداثيات الكروية
السلوك السوي والمضطرب عند الأطفال: تحديده، وأسبابه، وعلاجه
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: July 2018

إن تحديد السلوك السوي والمضطرب هو حجر الأساس لجميع المهن المتعلقة بالصحة النفسية. غير أن هذا التحديد بحد ذاته ليس بالأمر السهل. وقبل البحث عن السبب المؤدي إلى اضطراب أو مشكلة ما، علينا أولاً تحديد الاختلال أو الاضطراب الذي نحن بصدده مهما كان بسيطاً، و معرفة ما يقصد بالضبط بالسلوك السوي (أو السواء) أو العادية أو عدم السواء، قبل تشخيص مثل هذه السلوكيات، سوية كانت أو شاذة
المتذبذب التوافقي الخطي باستخدام نظرية المؤثرات
Authors: Nasser Ibraheem M.A
Published: July 2018

المتذبذب التوافقي الخطي باستخدام نظرية المؤثرات
ما هي المساحة التي يحتاجها البشر جميعاً للوقوف في نفس المكان واللحظة؟
Authors: Moustafa Khaled
Published: July 2018

يُقدّر عدد البشر الكلي حالياً، أحياءً وأمواتاً، منذ أن وجدوا على سطح الأرض حتى الآن، بحوالي 100 مليار نسمة، ويتوقع أن يبلغ عددهم حوالي 113 مليار نسمة عام 2050. أين وما هي المساحة التي يمكن أن تتسع لهؤلاء جميعاً أو حشرهم (جمعهم) في نفس المكان واللحظة؟ سؤال قد يتبادر إلى أذهان الكثيرين، حول مكان وكيفية جمع الناس في مكان واحد، وأي منطقة أو مساحة يمكن أن تتسع لهم جميعاً. يمكن الإجابة عن هذا السؤال بالمقاييس البشرية من خلال حساب عدد الأشخاص الذين يمكن أن يقفوا في متر مربع واحد، ثم ضربه بعدد السكان الكلي. فإذا ما وقف شخص واحد إلى أربعة أشخاص في المتر المربع الواحد، فإن مساحة صغيرة نسبياً، مثل مساحة بلغاريا أو كوبا أو كرواتيا أو جيبوتي أو منطقة مكة المكرمة لوحدها، في شبه الجزيرة العربية، أو نصف مساحة الأردن أو ربع مساحة سوريا تكفي ونيف لوقوف جميع البشر، جنباً إلى جنب، منذ أن وجدوا على سطح الأرض إلى عقودٍ قادمة
الكون والنظرية النسبية
Authors: Nasser Ibraheem M.A
Published: July 2018

نظرة مختصرة على النظرية النسبية في الكون
المقاربة العرفانية للقراءة النصية: دراسة في مرتكزات الإدراك الذهني للغة
Authors: Teama Abd Al-Rahman Mohammad
Published: July 2018

مقالة منشورة في دراسات بيداغوجية
Likelihood Ratios: A Tutorial
Authors: Glover Scott
Published: July 2018

Many in psychology view their choice of statistical approaches as being between frequentist and Bayesian. However, a third approach, the use of likelihood ratios, provides several distinct advantages over both the frequentist and Bayesian options. A quick explanation of the basic logic of likelihood ratios is provided, followed by a comparison of the likelihood-based approach to frequentist and Bayesian methods. The bulk of the paper provides examples with formulas for computing likelihood ratios based on t-scores, ANOVA outputs, chi-square statistics, and binomial data, as well as examples of using likelihood ratios to test for models that make a priori predictions of effect sizes. Finally, advice on interpretation is offered.
Improving transparency in observational social science research: A pre-analysis plan approach
Authors: Burlig Fiona
Published: July 2018

Social science research has undergone a credibility revolution, but these gains are at risk due to problematic research practices. Existing research on transparency has centered around randomized controlled trials, which constitute only a small fraction of research in economics. In this paper, I discuss three scenarios in which study preregistration can be credibly applied in non-experimental settings: cases where researchers collect their own data; prospective studies; and research using restricted-access data. Finally, I outline suggested contents for observational pre-analysis plans, and highlight where these plans should deviate from those designed for experimental research.
The Transformational Effects of Applying Systems Engineering in Laboratory Scientific Research
Authors: Bjergstrom Kieran Niels , Huish William G. B. , de C Henshaw Michael J. , Dwyer Vincent M. , Everitt Mark
Published: July 2018

Through case study analysis of physicists working in quantum systems, we establish that knowledge of Systems Engineering (SE) will benefit scientists by ensuring that experimental apparatus is robust and fully meets the experiment requirements. We suggest a paradigm shift in the training of early career research scientists to ensure they have a strong appreciation of the systems approach and experience of applying SE techniques. Two case studies were used: the first was a detailed analysis of increasing levels of SE in the development of a 3D-printer for fabricating superconducting nano-circuitry. Applying SE techniques improved record keeping, reduced the risk of failure modes and took better account of future development through which scientific discovery may be exploited in practical devices. The second case study focused on a group of 30 quantum physics PhD students undertaking a short-course in basic SE, and used their opinions to check and add confidence to the findings of the first case study. A variety of tools were used in both studies and, in both cases, the Functional Failure Means Effects Analysis (FFMEA) technique was considered to be most useful. Recommendations are made for the future training of early career scientists to include some light-weight Systems Engineering.
An Automated System To Replace A Human User In Conventional Laboratory Well Plate Imaging
Authors: Verheyen Connor , Rowaan Cornelis , Gatto Bryan , Gizachew Daniel
Published: July 2018

We here developed an automated well plate imaging system to eliminate the requirement for continuous human operation, thus freeing up the valuable time of a scientific researcher and removing the possibility of fatigue-induced human error. Specifically, we created a prototype system with programmed two-dimensional movement, automated calibration, variable plate configuration compatibility, variable path feasibility, reliable well plate image capture, and an intuitive graphical user interface. Successful implementation of our device would immediately benefit laboratory scientists, giving them more time to pursue the next biomedical breakthroughs.
SISTEMAS REMOTOS CENTRALIZADOS: UNA SOLUCIÓN EFECTIVA PARA EL MANTENIMIENTO AERONÁUTICO
Authors: GOMEZ LEONARDO , Gil Jose David Gomez
Published: July 2018

This paper describes the implementation of a remote centralized access system at Jose Maria Cordoba Airport and the maintenance personnel (ATSEP) work terminal for efficient data collection from the navigation systems (Radio aids) of the Antioquia’s branch of the Colombian Civil Aviation Authority.To implement this system several radio links were installed to transport the data to the main tower of each airport and then the information was integrated into the Aerocivil’s network through a Port Server and a Switch that are part of the implemented system.
A parametric tool to evaluate the environmental and economic feasibility of decentralized energy systems.
Authors: Siraganyan Karni , Mauree Dasaraden , Perera Dasun , Scartezzini Jean Louis
Published: July 2018

A simulation tool is developed to make a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of a case study under different scenarios. Different capacity of solar and storage technologies are considered. The model calculates the levelized cost of electricity, the autonomy level and the CO2 emissions. We demonstrate that the economic profitability of solar and battery system is in very good agreement with HOMER and the autonomy level is validated by using a simulation tool created by SI-REN. We show that combining solar PVwith battery system doesn't bring additional autonomy to the model for Geneva considering the present market prices for batteries and seasonal changes in solar energy potential. The validated tool is then extended to include the thermal demand and generation by adding heat pumps and solar thermal. The availability of thermal storage at a large scale and the generation over a neighbourhood are shown to increase the autonomy of the neighbourhood. Finally, multiple scenarios are also run by changing the input parameters to perform a sensitivity analysis of these parameters on the performance of the model. Under the assumptions of the model, to foster investments in solar PV and battery installations, falling investments costs seem necessary for the future.
Evaluation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Robustness by Measuring Electrical Conductivity of Plastic Concrete
Authors: Vosoughi Payam , Karein Mahmoud Motahari
Published: July 2018

This paper is aimed to review robustness of Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) in term of resistance against static segregation and bleeding. SCC is a highly fluid and non-segregating concrete able to spread through even dense reinforcement and homogenously fill formwork without using any external mechanical consolidation. Due to field requirements, SCC should be able to sustain its desired fresh properties over a relatively long time (about two or three hours) making it more susceptible to segregation than conventional concrete. Although there are a coupleof proposed test methods to evaluate SCC robustness, multi-electrodes electrical conductivity technique could be a reliable, non-destructive, inexpensive and simple test method to continuously monitor progress of hydration reactions (even indicating initial and final setting time) and stability (bleeding and both static and dynamic aggregate segregation) of plastic cement-based materials over the early-age period. In this paper, a brief review on fresh properties of SCC and staticaggregate segregation has been taken place. Then, different methods for measuring concrete conductivity have been investigated. Afterward, some studies on evaluation of stability of cement-based materials and SCC have been reviewed. Finally, based on the literature, some recommendations for future works are introduced.
(Not) Throwing the Game - An Application of Markov Decision Processes and Reinforcement Learning to Optimising Darts Strategy
Authors: Baird Graham
Published: July 2018

This article determines an aimpoint selection strategy for players in order to improve their chances of winning at the classic darts game of 501. Although many studies have considered the problem of aimpoint selection in order to maximise the expected score a player can achieve, few have considered the more general strategical question of minimising the expected number of turns required for a player to finish. By casting the problem as a Markov decision process and utilising the reinforcement learning method of value iteration, a framework is derived for the identification of the optimal aimpoint for a player in an arbitrary game scenario. This study represents the first analytical investigation of the full game under the normal game rules, and is, to our knowledge, the first application of reinforcement learning methods to the optimisation of darts strategy. The article concludes with an empirical study investigating the optimal aimpoints for a number of player skill levels under a range of game scenarios.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING PROGRES PENGADAAN BARANG PADA BAGIAN PENGADAAN DAN LOGISTIK INSTITUT INFORMATIKA DAN BISNIS DARMAJAYA
Authors: Sutedi Sutedi
Published: July 2018

Institute of Information Technology and Business Darmajaya is a leading privatecollege fast growing and should be balanced with meeting facilities and infrastructure aswell. Managing the procurement function is handled by the Procurement and LogisticsSections that have applied computer technology in assisting the administration of theprocurement process. To improve performance and simplify the process of monitoring theprogress of procurement of goods, it is necessary to build the information systemmonitoring the progress of the procurement is expected to facilitate the stretcher inoverseeing and ensuring the procurement process is run in accordance with the agreedterms. Information systems development is done using structured analysis and designmethodology.
Exploring Natural Strategies for Bio-Inspired Fault Adaptive Systems Design
Authors: Arroyo Marvin , Huisman Nicholas , Jensen David
Published: July 2018

Fault adaptive design seeks to find the principles and properties that enable robustness, reliability and resilience to implement those features into engineering products. In nature, this characteristic of adaptability is the fundamental trait that enables survival. Utilizing adaption strategy is a new area of research exploration for bio-inspired design. In this paper we introduce a tool for bio-inspired design for fault adaption. Further we discuss insights from using this tool in a undergraduate design experiment. The goal of the tool is to assist designers to develop faultadaptive behaviors in engineering systems using nature as inspiration. This tool is organized as a binary tree where branches that represent the specific details of how an organism achieves an adaptive behavior or characteristic. Results from an initial study indicate, for the specific challenge of designing fault adaption into a system, a strategy based method can provide designers with innovative analogies and help provide the details needed to bridge the gap between analogy and engineering implementation.
A novel fuel performance index for low-temperature combustion engines based on operating envelopes in light-duty driving cycle simulations
Authors: Niemeyer Kyle Evan , Daly Shane , Cannella William , Hagen Christopher
Published: July 2018

Low-temperature combustion (LTC) engine concepts such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) offer the potential of improved efficiency and reduced emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates. However, engines can only successfully operate in HCCI mode for limited operating ranges that vary depending on the fuel composition. Unfortunately, traditional ratings such as octane number (ON) poorly predict the auto-ignition behavior of fuels in such engine modes, and metrics recently proposed for HCCI engines have areas of improvement when wide ranges of fuels are considered. In this study, a new index for ranking fuel suitability for LTC engines was defined, based on the fraction of potential fuel savings achieved in the federal test procedure (FTP-75) light-duty vehicle driving cycle. Driving cycle simulations were performed using a typical light-duty passenger vehicle, providing pairs of engine speed and load points. Separately, single-zone naturally aspirated HCCI engine simulations were performed for a variety of fuels in order to determine the operating envelopes for each. These results were combined to determine the varying improvement in fuel economy offered by fuels, forming the basis for a fuel performance index. Results showed that, in general, lower octane fuels performed better, resulting in higher LTC fuel index values; however, ON alone did not predict fuel performance.
Robust MR Thermometry for MRgHIFU in Breast and Liver: Joint Research between University of Utah and University of Geneva
Authors: Todd Nick , Parker Dennis , Salomir Rares
Published: July 2018

The aim of this proposal is to implement MR temperature measurement techniques that accelerate data acquisition speed and are robust to motion-related errors. Collaboration between the research groups at the University of Utah and the University of Geneva will facilitate the transmission, implementation, and further development of these site-specific MR temperature measurement techniques and will accelerate the two goups' respective goals of using MRgHIFU to treat tumors in breast and liver.
Image-Guided Drug Delivery to Tumors using Ultrasound-Activated Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions as Drug Carriers
Authors: Rapoport Natalya , Payne Allison , Dillon Christopher , Shea Jill , Scaife Courtney
Published: July 2018

It is still not known which mode of ultrasound action - thermal or mechanical - plays the predominant role in ultrasound mediated drug delivery. This project will combine results from two powerful imaging modalities, MRI and RFP imaging, to better understand and quantify the major effects. Several experimental variables will be tested in vivo using RFP-transfected pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa2 subcutaneous tumors grown in nude mice, providing information to better understand the mechanisms involved in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery.
MR Temperature Imaging Toolbox for Focused Ultrasound Neurosurgery
Authors: Grissom William , Meyer Craig , Gaur Pooja , Poorman Megan , Jonathan Sumeeth
Published: July 2018

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a central role in non-invasive focused ultrasound surgery in the brain, by providing maps of temperature during treatment. The temperature maps are used both to steer the ultrasound beam, and to measure thermal dose. However, current MR thermometry methods provide insufficient spatial coverage and suffer large distortions, which compromises patient safety and limits the overall effectiveness of the therapy. This project aims to develop a toolbox of brain temperature imaging sequences and processing algorithms that directly address the current shortcomings of MR thermometry at each stage of therapy.
MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Visceral Fat: A new treatment for metabolic syndrome
Authors: Dumoulin Charles
Published: July 2018

The goal of this project is to develop a minimally invasive treatment for metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Metabolic syndrome includes diabetogenic, atherogenic, pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory metabolic abnormalities; which often present during childhood. Patients with obesity-induced metabolic syndrome have a high risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The most prevalent form of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome is related to the accumulation of visceral fat, rather than subcutaneous fat or total body fat. Visceral fat and its resident macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and interleukin-6) that are implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation which subsequently lead to metabolic syndrome in the obese. Recent animal studies show that loss of visceral fat may generate substantial improvements in the metabolic risk factor profile. This notion has important clinical implications as it recognize visceral adiposity as a therapeutic target for the management of metabolic syndrome in high-risk patients. While lifestyle modifications in the form of caloric restriction, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery have all been shown to provide improvement in metabolic risk factors associated with obesity, it is not known if these improvements are maintained over time. Improvement also takes time, (i.e., several months to years) to show beneficial effects. More importantly none of the existing interventions specifically target visceral fat which is thought to play a causative role in the metabolic syndrome. Thus, in this application we will investigate de-bulking of visceral fat by thermal ablation as a treatment option for obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that HIFU treatment of visceral fat can improve insulin action in obese rats and provide a non-surgical alternative to visceral fat resection. To test this hypothesis, we will design, build, and validate an MR-guided focused ultrasound system for the ablation of visceral fat in a rodent model of metabolic syndrome.
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) for the Treatment of Spinal Disc Degeneration
Authors: Diederich Chris J
Published: July 2018

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS)can induce cellular and bulk tissue effects that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In contrast to HIFU ablation, these acoustic exposures are minimal, and at most generate low temperature elevation. In order to facilitate clinical studies of image-guided therapeutic ultrasound for intervertebral disc regeneration and treatment of back pain, we plan to: (i) implement studies in proven animal models in vivo to demonstrate potential of ultrasound to increase cellularity, reduce inflammation, and improve remodeling to acute or degenerative disc-related back injury; and (ii) to demonstrate through experiments that a MRg-HIFU system is one possible vehicle for therapeutic delivery.
EAP-FUS096 (Todd): Robust MR Thermometry for MRgHIFU in Breast and Liver - Joint Research between University of Utah and University of Geneva
Authors: Todd Nick , Parker Dennis , Salomir Rares
Published: July 2018

The aim of this proposal is to implement MR temperature measurement techniques that accelerate data acquisition speed and are robust to motion-related errors. Collaboration between the research groups at the University of Utah and the University of Geneva will facilitate the transmission, implementation, and further development of these site-specific MR temperature measurement techniques and will accelerate the two goups' respective goals of using MRgHIFU to treat tumors in breast and liver.
Deep Penetrating Triggered Release Nanoparticles As Tumor Radiosensitizers
Authors: Krishnan Sunil
Published: July 2018

Irradiation of tumors laden with gold nanoparticle (NP) results in radiation dose enhancement via increased secondary electron showers emanating from particleradiation interactions. However, it is challenging to load tumors non-invasively with adequate gold to realize the true potential for radiosensitization. In preliminary data we demonstrate that thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) laden with gold NPs accumulate within cancers via their leaky vasculature. Mild hyperthermia (42οC) induced by FUS leads to rupture of liposomes and deployment of the gold payload deep within tumors. Subsequent radiation results in significant delay in tumor regrowth (radiosensitization). We hypothesize that this is mediated by deep-penetrating gold NPs and the radiation dose enhancement by secondary photo- and Auger- electrons. In preliminary data, we demonstrate successful fabrication of TSLs with gold NPs, their release kinetics upon heating, hyperthermia generation in vivo using FUS, and radiosensitization via triggered release of gold NPs. To test the hypothesis that this is mediated by deep-penetrating gold NPs, we propose in vivo biodistribution experiments using scanning electron microscopy and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry of tumor core vs. periphery in mice treated with gold-ladern TSLs with and without FUS-hyperthermia. We also propose more detailed in vivo experiments using non-thermosensitive liposomes as control. Lastly, we define optimal parameters for maximal delivery of deep-penetrating gold NPs within tumors and synergy when this is coupled with clinically relevant fractionated radiotherapy regimens. Once completed, these studies will provide the framework for development of a readily deployable class solution for radiosensitization of multiple tumor types using TSLs laden with gold.
Heterogeneity correction for improved breast cancer ablation
Authors: Ries Mario
Published: July 2018

The treatment of breast cancer by MR guided HIFU has recently shown great potential for clinical practice. Although innovative lateral firing transducer designs allow to significantly reduce the risk of undesired tissue damage to the thoracic cage, the heart and the lung, such a design is typically limited by the aberration effect of the inhomogeneous tissue composition of the breast. This project proposes a correction strategy for this type of aberrations, based on high resolution MRI in conjunction with tissue ultrasound celerity measurements. The method is compatible with clinical practice and has the potential to lead to improved treatment efficiency and increased patient safety for MR guided HIFU ablations of breast cancer.
Evaluation of the Systemic Response to Boiling Histotripsy Treatment for Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Schade George R.
Published: July 2018

More efficacious and less invasive treatment strategies are needed for renal carcinoma (RCC). One promising approach is the focused ultrasound (FUS) technique known as boiling histotripsy (BH). BH is capable of mechanically destroying renal tumors in vivo with negligible thermal effects. BH ablation of RCC has been associated with release of endogenous danger signals, altered cytokine milieu and inflammatory infiltrate shortly after treatment indicative of an immune response. Because immunotherapy remains the only therapy capable of inducing long-term disease remission in ~5% of patients with metastatic disease, we hypothesize that the systemic immune response triggered by BH may provide additional therapeutic benefit beyond the local treatment. This hypothesis will be tested in two aims: 1) determine if BH ablation of RCC stimulates a systemic anti-tumor immune response and 2) evaluate the long-term oncologic effects of BH ablation of RCC. We propose to treat RCC in the Eker rat with extracorporeal BH or sham FUS procedures. We will then characterize the immune response following BH vs. SHAM treatments and the oncologic impact of BH vs. SHAM treatment on both the targeted tumor, as well as non-treated tumors in both the ipsilateral and contralateral kidney. We believe the proposed study will demonstrate that BH treatment of RCC will stimulate an anti-tumor immune response and yield potential targets to improve this response. Ultimately, we hypothesize that this approach could improve outcomes of focal therapy and could lead to a clinically actionable combination FUS immunotherapy to improve response rates and outcomes for metastatic RCC
Updated Costs of Uterine Fibroid Treatments Including Focused Ultrasound Surgery
Authors: Borah Bijan J. , Stewart Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2018

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) affect 20–40% of reproductive age women and are the major indication for hysterectomy. Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) is a new, potentially disruptive, non-invasive and uterine-sparing treatment option that has been shown to yield similar or better clinical outcomes than other uterine-sparing interventions. However, the costs of MRgFUS and other minimally-invasive treatment options have not been studied using US practice data. This study attempts to fill this void. And since uterine fibroids are the first FDA-approved indication for MRgFUS treatment, this study may also have implications for other indications which are now investigational.
MRI-guided localized delivery of chemotherapy using paramagnetic temperature-sensitive liposomes and focused ultrasound
Authors: Porter Tyrone
Published: July 2018

The toxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) on the heart limit the dose that can be administered systemically for the treatment of solid tumors. Targeted delivery of DOX to solid tumors will localize its cytotoxic effects, and improve its therapeutic index. This can be achieved by encapsulating DOX in temperature-sensitive liposomes and triggering release via ultrasound-induced heating in tumors. These DOX-loaded liposomes (diameter < 200 nm) can extravasate through leaky tumor vasculature and accumulate in the tumor interstitium. High intensity focused ultrasound can be used to heat the tumors noninvasively and trigger DOX release from the temperature-sensitive liposomes. By coencapsulating manganese sulfate in the liposomes, MRI can be used to monitor temperature-induced drug release from the liposomes. Manganese is a molecule that self-quenches when encapsulated in liposomes, but provides a strong MR signal when released. Thus, MR imaging can be used to provide feedback control of the transducer output to ensure sufficient heating and optimal DOX release at the breast tumor site. MRI-guided localized delivery of DOX to solid tumors will potentially raise the therapeutic index of DOX, thus reducing the required dose and frequency of drug administered systemically for tumor regression.
Blood-brain barrier opening for facilitating drug delivery in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases in non-human primates
Authors: Konofagou Elisa E.
Published: July 2018

After cancer and heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis (MS), amythrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and neurological diseases take more lives each year than any other illness. Although great progress has been made in recent years toward understanding of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, few effective treatments and no cures are currently available. This is mainly because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the delivery of the vast majority of systemically-administered drugs available to treat those diseases. The underlying hypothesis of this study is that delivery of therapeutic molecules is safe and effective through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using Focused Ultrasound (FUS) in large animals in vivo. Our preliminary results have shown that the FUS technique can induce BBB opening entirely noninvasively, selectively and be monitored with MRI at sub-millimeter resolution in vivo. The specific aims are therefore to: 1) build a MRcompatible system for FUS targeting and monitoring in the MRI system; 2) test and demonstrate delivery of neurotrophic factors to the hippocampus and putamen of monkeys; 3) test and demonstrate delivery of inhibitors to the visual cortex of monkeys; and 4) assess the safety of the FUS method in monkeys.