bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P39 Start smart: improving the quality of empiric antimicrobial prescribing at a tertiary paediatric hospital
Authors: Kirrane Michelle , Cunney Rob , McNamara Roisin , Okafor Ike
Published: January 2018

Appropriate choice of empiric antibiotic therapy, in line with local guidelines, improves outcome for children with infection, while reducing adverse drug effects, cost, and selection of antimicrobial resistance. Data from national point prevalence surveys showed compliance with local prescribing guidelines at our hospital was suboptimal. A team with representatives from the pharmacy, microbiology and emergency departments collaborated with prescribers to improve the quality of empiric antibiotic prescribing. The project aim was, using the ‘Model for Improvement’, to ensure ≥90% of children admitted via the Emergency Department (ED) and commenced on antibiotic therapy, have a documented indication and a choice of therapy in line with local antimicrobial guidelines.

Method

Results of weekly audits of the first ten children admitted via ED and started on antibiotics were fed back to prescribers. Front line ownership techniques were used to develop ideas for change, including; regular antibiotic prescribing discussion at Monday morning handover meeting, antibiotic ‘spot quiz’ for prescribers, updates to prescribing guidelines (along with improved access and promotion of prescribing app), printed ID badge guideline summary cards, reminders and guideline summaries at point of prescribing in ED.

Collection of audit data initially proved challenging, but was resolved through a series of rapid PDSA cycles. Initial support from ED consultants and other ED staff facilitated establishment of the project. Presentation of weekly run charts to prescribers fostered considerable support among consultants and non-consultant doctors (NCHDs). We saw a shift in perspective from ‘how is your project going?’ to ‘How are we doing?’.

Results

Documentation of indication and guideline compliance increased from a median of 30% in December 2014/January 2015 to 100% consistently from February 2015 to the present. It is felt that a change in approach to antimicrobial prescribing is now embedded in our hospital culture as this improvement has remained constant through three NCHD changeovers. A comparison of 2014 Antimicrobial expenditure to 2015 figures shows a reduction in expenditure of €101,078.44.

Conclusion

This project has inspired other departments to develop local QIPs and has encouraged the surgical teams to lead their own audits in antimicrobial stewardship. An improvement in other areas of antimicrobial prescribing has also been noted e.g. documentation of review date.

The initiative has been shared with other hospitals throughout Ireland via presentations at the National Patient Safety Conference, Antimicrobial Awareness day and the Irish Antimicrobial Pharmacist’s Group meeting. It has also been shared at both European and international conferences. The project was a shortlisted finalist for a national healthcare excellence award and has been rolled out as part of a national quality improvement collaborative.
Proportion of women presenters at medical grand rounds at major academic centres in Canada: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Buell Danielle , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Straus Sharon E
Published: January 2018

Objective

To assess the proportion of women who presented research or medical grand rounds at five major academic hospitals in Canada.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Five major university-affiliated hospitals in Toronto and Calgary.

Results

Overall, at all sites and types of academic rounds, there were an average of 17% fewer women presenting than men (P<0.001). There were an average of 32% and 21% more men presenting at the city-wide grand rounds in cities A and B, respectively (P<0.001, P=0.002). There were more male speakers at four out of five types of rounds. The proportion of women presenting on average was proportional to the Canadian workforce, but on average, below the proportion of female residents and medical students (median ratio 1.1, 0.7 and 0.8, respectively).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated a lower proportion of females in an important outlet for academic recognition and role modelling. This provides a possible contributing factor to the under-representation of women in academic medicine and an area that can be systematically targeted to promote equity.
Abstracts from international Emergency Medicine Journals
Authors: Weber Ellen J
Published: January 2018

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
Public transport policy, social engagement and mental health in older age: a quasi-experimental evaluation of free bus passes in England
Authors: Reinhard Erica , Courtin Emilie , van Lenthe Frank J , Avendano Mauricio
Published: January 2018

Background

Social engagement and social isolation are key determinants of mental health in older age, yet there is limited evidence on how public policies may contribute to reducing isolation, promoting social engagement and improving mental health among older people. This study examines the impact of the introduction of an age-friendly transportation policy, free bus passes, on the mental health of older people in England.

Methods

We use an instrumental variable (IV) approach that exploits eligibility criteria for free bus passes to estimate the impact of increased public transportation use on depressive symptoms, loneliness, social isolation and social engagement.

Results

Eligibility for the free bus travel pass was associated with an 8% (95% CI 6.4% to 9.6%) increase in the use of public transportation among older people. The IV model suggests that using public transport reduces depressive symptoms by 0.952 points (95% CI −1.712 to −0.192) on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. IV models also suggest that using public transport reduces feelings of loneliness (β −0.794, 95% CI −1.528 to −0.061), increases volunteering at least monthly (β 0.237, 95% CI 0.059 to 0.414) and increases having regular contact with children (β 0.480, 95% CI 0.208 to 0.752) and friends (β 0.311, 95% CI 0.109 to 0.513).

Conclusion

Free bus travel is associated with reductions in depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness among older people. Transportation policies may increase older people’s social engagement and consequently deliver significant benefits to mental health.
Effect of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act on casino admissions and revenue
Authors: Tauras John A , Chaloupka Frank J , Moor Gregg , Henderson Patricia Nez , Leischow Scott J
Published: January 2018

Objective

As part of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act, smoking on the gambling floors of all commercial casinos in Illinois became prohibited. This study examined the effects of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act on casino admissions per-capita and real per-capita adjusted gross receipts using 18 years of data (10 years before and 8 years after the Illinois law went into effect).

Methods

We employed a difference-in-difference regression technique using monthly data for the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Missouri and control for numerous determinants expected to affect casino admissions and revenue.

Results

The Smoke-free Illinois Act was found not to be a statistically significant determinant of per-capita casino admissions and of real per-capita gross adjusted receipts in all the models we estimated.

Conclusions

The estimates from this study clearly indicated that the Illinois law that banned smoking in casinos has had no significant negative economic consequences for casinos in terms of per-capita admissions or revenues.
In situ geochemical characterization of pyrite crystals in burial dolomites of St. George Group carbonates
Authors: Olanipekun Babatunde John , Azmy Karem
Published: January 2018

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to measure the δ34S of pyrite disseminated in burial dolomite matrix of Boat Harbour formation at Main Brook and Daniel’s Harbour (about 130 km apart). At Main Brook, δ34S values for the pyrite grains show wide variation (–15 to +20‰ (n = 20)), but are mostly negative. Combined with a paucity of two-phase fluid inclusions in the host burial dolomite, the depleted δ34S values suggest that the pyrite is a direct product of bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). Predominantly negative δ34S values were also obtained for sampled pyrite at Daniel’s Harbour and Port au Choix; however, relatively high homogenization temperatures (>100 °C) of two-phase fluid inclusions in the host dolomite is incompatible with a BSR process for pyrite formation. More so, Daniel’s Harbour is a site for main stage sulfide mineralization (Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) system), hosted in similarly burial dolomite and that has been previously constrained to be associated with thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). A relative proximity of the currently studied pyrite samples to this MVT system deposit is thus inconsistent with an in-situ BSR for these pyrites. The analyzed pyrite grains are commonly encased in bitumen, and they postdate their host burial dolomite and predate deep burial saddle dolomite. Taken together, the depleted δ34S signature in the pyrite was likely inherited from migrated hydrocarbons in the reservoir. Incursion of an initial pulse of hot sulfate-rich brine into the formation can cause thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, thereby releasing its low δ34S. Thus the inherited low δ34S signature was likely a product of an earlier BSR that occurred in the kerogen or source organic materials in source rock. Subsequently, the main stage sulfide mineralization (MVT deposit) occurred via in-situ TSR. These findings have an implication for the paragenetic history of sulfide minerals precipitated during MVT mineralization episode.
Predicting the impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon on wild salmon populations
Authors: Keyser Freya , Wringe Brendan F. , Jeffery Nicholas W. , Dempson J. Brian , Duffy Steven , Bradbury Ian R.
Published: January 2018

The escape of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from aquaculture facilities can result in both negative genetic and ecological interactions with wild populations, yet the ability to predict the associated risk to wild populations has remained elusive. Here we assess the potential of a spatiotemporal database of aquaculture facility locations, production estimates, and escape events to predict the distribution of escaped farmed salmon and genetic impacts on wild populations in the Northwest Atlantic. Industry production data, reported escape events, and in-river detections of escaped farmed salmon were collected from across the Northwest Atlantic. Genetic estimates of impact were obtained using single nucleotide polymorphisms (95 loci) representing aquaculture and wild salmon throughout the region (30 populations, 3048 individuals). Both the number of escaped farmed salmon detected at counting facilities and the magnitude of genetic impacts were positively correlated with a cumulative spatial measure of aquaculture production. Our results suggest that the risk of escapees and genetic introgression from wild–farmed salmon interactions can be assessed using information on farm production characteristics. This represents a first step in predicting the impact of existing cage-based farms on wild Atlantic salmon.
Distribution and frequency of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) populations of southwestern Nova Scotia (Canada)
Authors: Stewart Donald T. , Sinclair-Waters Marion , Rice Alexandra , Bunker Ryan A. , Robicheau Brent M. , Breton Sophie
Published: January 2018

The Atlantic blue mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758) exhibits doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Females are usually homoplasmic for a female-transmitted mt genome (the F type) and males are heteroplasmic for an F type and a male-transmitted mt genome (the M type). F types can undergo “role-reversal” events, resulting in new male-transmitted mtDNA genomes known as recently masculinized (RM) types that co-occur in populations with evolutionarily older standard-male (SM) types. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that RM types periodically replace SM types. It has also been shown that sperm with RM mtDNA have greater swimming velocity and more efficient components of the electron transport chain compared to sperm with SM mtDNA, thus leading to the hypothesis that RM sperm may have a selective advantage over SM sperm. The present study examines the distribution of RM and SM mitotypes in male M. edulis (n = 225) from 13 localities in southwestern Nova Scotia (Canada). The SM type was more common in all populations, with the proportion of RM types ranging from 0% to 24.1%. The highest proportion of RM types was observed in an aquaculture operation. Analyses of additional populations are required to evaluate the selective pressures affecting the geographic distribution of RM and SM mitotypes in M. edulis.
Higher rank BN-theory for curves of genus 6
Authors: Lange H. , Newstead P. E.
Published: January 2018

Higher rank Brill–Noether theory for genus 6 is especially interesting as, even in the general case, some unexpected phenomena arise which are absent in lower genus. Moreover, it is the first case for which there exist curves of Clifford dimension greater than 1 (smooth plane quintics). In all cases, we obtain new upper bounds for non-emptiness of Brill–Noether loci and construct many examples which approach these upper bounds more closely than those that are well known. Some of our examples of non-empty Brill–Noether loci have negative Brill–Noether numbers.
Fast Mode Decision for HD Scalable Video Coding via Statistical Content Analysis
Authors: Cui Yansong , Ren Weizheng , Deng Zhongliang
Published: January 2018

Scalable video coding (SVC) can provide different bitrate, resolution, or quality formats of the same video through the one-time encoding process. However, SVC also increases encoding complexity significantly, making real-time implementations difficult especially when applied to high definition videos. In this work, we proposed to utilize a fast mode decision algorithm to speed up the SVC encoder. A simple model of the relationship of the video complexity is proposed, the rate-distortion (RD) cost and the statistical mode distribution of the enhancement layer (EL). The proposed mode decision algorithm evaluates the complexity of the video content, then sets the rate distortion RD cost thresholds for inter coding modes. The method also optimizes the process INTRA_BL for I slices. We demonstrate the method using four different resolutions (1080p, 720p, VGA and QVGA), four temporal layers, and two quality layers. We find that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity significantly while maintaining or even improving encoder efficiency.
A modified Kardos equation for the thermal conductivity of refrigerants
Authors: Di Nicola Giovanni , Coccia Gianluca , Tomassetti Sebastiano
Published: January 2018

This work presents a modification of the Kardos equation specifically oriented to refrigerants. The proposed equation was tested for both liquid and vapor thermal conductivities along saturation of the main refrigerants. In the Kardos equation, the thermal conductivity of liquids is a function of the density of the liquid, heat capacity at constant pressure, speed of sound in the liquid and average distance between the centers of the molecules. In the present version, the liquid molar volume and the distance between the surfaces of adjacent molecules were replaced by two constant parameters widely available for all the fluids: the critical density and radius of gyration. In this way, the resulting equation is much simpler, still being a scaled equation. In the proposed equations, an adimensional factor was regressed to minimize the deviations. The final equations were able to predict the thermal conductivity with AAD[Formula: see text] for liquids and AAD[Formula: see text] for vapors.
Conduct Disorder and Neighborhood Effects
Authors: Jennings Wesley G. , Perez Nicholas M. , Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M.
Published: January 2018

There has been a considerable amount of scholarly attention to the relationship between neighborhood effects and conduct disorder, particularly in recent years. Having said this, it has been nearly two decades since a comprehensive synthesis of this literature has been conducted. Relying on a detailed and comprehensive search strategy and inclusion criteria, this article offers a systematic and interdisciplinary review of 47 empirical studies that have examined neighborhood effects and conduct disorder. Described results suggest that there are generally robust linkages between adverse neighborhood factors and conduct disorder and externalizing behavior problems, as 67 of the 93 (72.04%) effect sizes derived from these studies yielded statistically significant neighborhood effects. The review also identifies salient mediating and moderating influences. It discusses study limitations and directions for future research as well.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Health Benefits
Authors: Shahidi Fereidoon , Ambigaipalan Priyatharini
Published: January 2018

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) include α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 ω-3), stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 ω-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5 ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3). In the past few decades, many epidemiological studies have been conducted on the myriad health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs. In this review, we summarized the structural features, properties, dietary sources, metabolism, and bioavailability of omega-3 PUFAs and their effects on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression, visual and neurological development, and maternal and child health. Even though many health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs have been reported in the literature, there are also some controversies about their efficacy and certain benefits to human health.
Sex differences in abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Boese Austin C. , Chang Lin , Yin Ke-Jie , Chen Y. Eugene , Lee Jean-Pyo , Hamblin Milton H.
Published: January 2018

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder with a high case fatality rate in the instance of rupture. AAA is a multifactorial disease, and the etiology is still not fully understood. AAA is more likely to occur in men, but women have a greater risk of rupture and worse prognosis. Women are reportedly protected against AAA possibly by premenopausal levels of estrogen and are, on average, diagnosed at older ages than men. Here, we review the present body of research on AAA pathophysiology in humans, animal models, and cultured cells, with an emphasis on sex differences and sex steroid hormone signaling.
Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Dongru , Zhi Qinghui , Zhou Yan , Tao Ye , Wu Liping , Lin Huancai
Published: January 2018

Research on the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in children has shown contradictory results; thus we aimed to examine the association between dental caries and the full range of BMI classes among children. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published prior to March 2017. Articles comparing dental caries among the full range of BMI classes for children below 18 years of both genders were included. Fourteen studies were eligible for this study. Basic information - i.e., first author, published year, study design, country, sample size, age, type of dental caries index and BMI, main results and conclusions, and means and standard deviations of the dental caries indexes used - was pooled. The weighted mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for dental caries between children with abnormal weight and those with normal weight were analyzed. Generally, no significant differences in caries were found between any abnormal-weight group and the normal-weight group for both primary and permanent teeth. Sensitivity analyses showed that the obese group had more caries than the normal-weight group in their primary teeth. Significantly more caries was found among the overweight and obese children in both primary and permanent teeth in high-income countries, but not in low- and middle-income countries. We recommend that further studies use suitable sample sizes, unify the criteria for BMI categorization and the dental caries index, and investigate the confounding factors that might influence dental caries and BMI.
Infliximab-Associated Chronic Inflammatory Central Nervous System Disease and Peroneal Nerve Injury in a Psoriatic Patient Refractory to Treatment: Case Report with 10-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Signore Sandra C. , Brauns Birka , Schütze Gunther , Dohm Christoph P. , Bähr Mathias , Mössner Rotraut , Kermer Pawel
Published: January 2018

The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonists infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept have been approved for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis. Manifestations of demyelinating disease have been reported for patients receiving TNF-α antagonists. We describe a rare manifestation of a chronic inflammatory process affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system in a patient who received infliximab for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Infliximab therapy was discontinued and symptoms improved under high-dose intravenous glucocorticoid pulse therapy.
Laser Scanning Microscopic Investigations of the Decontamination of Soot Nanoparticles from the Skin
Authors: Lademann Jürgen , Knorr Fanny , Patzelt Alexa , Meinke Martina C. , Richter Heike , Krutmann Jean , Rühl Eckart , Doucet Olivier
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Airborne pollutants, such as nano-sized soot particles, are increasingly being released into the environment as a result of growing population densities and industrialization. They can absorb organic and metal compounds with potential biological activity, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and airborne pollen allergens. Local and systemic toxicities may be induced in the skin if the particulates release their harmful components upon dermal contact. Methods: In the present study, skin pretreatments with serum and/or shield as barrier formulations prior to exposure and washing with a cleanser subsequent to exposure were evaluated as a protection and decontamination strategy using laser scanning microscopy. Results: The results indicate that while the application of serum and a cleanser was insufficient for decontamination, the pretreatment with shield prior to nanoparticle exposure followed by washing led to the removal of a considerable amount of the carbon black particles. The combined application of serum and shield before the administration of carbon black particles and subsequent washing led to their elimination from the skin samples. Conclusion: The application of barrier-enhancing formulations in combination with a cleanser may reduce the penetration of harmful airborne particulates by preventing their adhesion to the skin and facilitating their removal by subsequent washing with the cleanser.
Rosai-Dorfman Disease Complicated by Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in a Child: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lardhi Amer A. , Al-Mutairi Abdullah K. , Al-Qahtani Mohammed H. , Al-Mutairi Atheer K.
Published: January 2018

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder that commonly presents with a massive lymphadenopathy and a variety of constitutional symptoms. Severe hemolytic anemia is an infrequent complication of this disease. Although the etiology of the condition is unknown, infectious agents including viruses have been implicated. We describe a 2-year-old female child who presented with fever, pallor, and generalized lymphadenopathy complicated by the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A review of the literature of this condition is also provided.
A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017
Authors: Okuyama Harumi , Hamazaki Tomohito , Hama Rokuro , Ogushi Yoichi , Kobayashi Tetsuyuki , Ohara Naoki , Uchino Hajime
Published: January 2018

Background: The Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel 2017 concludes on the basis of 3 different types of clinical studies that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In Mendelian randomization studies, rare genetic mutations affecting LDL receptor function were found to cause higher or lower LDL-C levels, which are associated with correspondingly altered ASCVD risk. In prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statins, a remarkably consistent log-linear association was demonstrated between the absolute magnitude of LDL-C exposure and ASCVD risk. The EAS Statement proposes that any mechanism of lowering plasma LDL concentration should reduce the risk of ASCVD events proportional to the absolute reduction in LDL-C and the cumulative duration of exposure to lower LDL-C. However, as we explain, we do not find this conclusion acceptable. Summary: Our review points out that different interpretations are possible for the results of Mendelian randomization studies. As for prospective cohort studies, many inconsistent reports on the association of LDL-C and ASCVD were disregarded when drafting the Statement, reports with and without genetic factors related to LDL receptor function should be analyzed separately, and the term ASCVD in the Statement is used inappropriately because myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction differ in their association with LDL-C. As for RCTs, clinical reports on statins published before and after the implementation of new regulations affecting clinical trials (2004/2005) should not both be included in meta-analyses because the evaluated efficacy of statins changed markedly, and the irreversible adverse effects of statins need to be evaluated more rigorously now that their mechanisms have been elucidated. Key Messages: Apart from the EAS hypothesis that LDL causes ASCVD, recent pharmacological/biochemical studies, as summarized in this review and elsewhere, have revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by statins taken to lower LDL-C, as well as by warfarin and some types of vegetable fats and oils, in the absence of significantly elevated LDL-C levels. Thus, the promotion of statin treatment by the Statement is rather risky and we do not feel that the conclusions are justified for the prevention of ASCVD.
Endoscopic versus Laparoscopic Full-Thickness Biopsy in the Pathological Evaluation of the Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Ohlsson Bodil , Gustafsson Rita J. , Toth Ervin , Veress Bèla , Thorlacius Henrik
Published: January 2018

A full-thickness biopsy of the bowel wall is required to evaluate the enteric nervous system. A patient with aggravating gastrointestinal symptoms underwent a laparoscopic full-thickness biopsy of the ileum and, 1 year later, an endoscopic full-thickness biopsy of the sigmoid colon. Both samples showed enteric neuropathy characterized by vacuolated and enlarged neurons. The length of the myenteric plexus was greater in the endoscopic (23 mm) compared to the laparoscopic (11 mm) biopsy, with fewer tissue artefacts in the laparoscopic approach. Clinical deterioration was paralleled by enteric neuropathy with an increase in the percentage of vacuolated and enlarged enteric neurons from 24 to 35%.
The Effectiveness of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Intervention in Persons with Arterial Hypertension and Obesity: A Key Role of the Patients’ Personality Profile
Authors: Kucharska Alicja , Jaworski Mariusz , Panczyk Mariusz , Pilska Magdalena , Gajewska Danuta , Niegowska Joanna
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Benefits resulting from weight loss and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in the treatment of arterial hypertension led to a search for a better therapy that would include psychological factors. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the personality traits included in the Big Five personality traits and the effectiveness of treatment for weight loss in patients with essential hypertension and excessive body weight. Methods: The study involved 84 patients with essential hypertension, overweight or obesity, managed by a hypertensiologist. All patients underwent a 3-month diet treatment as part of the development process of an individualised eating plan that follows the principles of DASH diet and food education. Body mass index and DASH index were calculated before and after the therapy. NEO Five-Factor Inventory was applied to measure psychological variables. Results: The intervention led to a statistically significant increase of DASH index measured before and after treatment. There was a significant correlation between the increase of DASH index and gender. Patients presented higher intensity of openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism and agreeableness compared to general population. Conclusion: The influence of psychological variables on the observed difference between men and women in DASH values and weight loss was not demonstrated.
Algumas considerações em torno de um estudo do Visconde de Lagoa sobre a história da Geografia da expansão portuguesa
Authors: Souza Thomaz Oscar Marcondes de
Published: January 2018

Subordinado ao título Achegas para o estudo do planisfério dito de Cantino e das primeiras explorações portuguesas do litoral brasileiro, publicou o Ministério do Ultramar de Portugal no volume VIII, tomo I dos Anais da Junta de Investigações, ano de 1953, avantajado trabalho de 310 páginas da lavra do erudito historiador visconde de Lagoa que, além de um prólogo, compreende VII capítulos, o que tudo passaremos a apreciar dentro dos limites impostos a uma ligeira crítica de revista.
Primeiro seminário de História das Ideias na América
Authors: Paula Eurípedes Simões de
Published: January 2018

Notícias referentes ao primeiro seminário de História das ideias na América, ocorrido em San Juan de Porto Rico, de 03 a 08 de desembro de 1956.
Resenha do livro 'Crônica de uma época (Getúlio Vargas e o crime de Toneleros)'
Authors: Costa J. Cruz
Published: January 2018

BALDESSARINI, Hugo. Crônica de urna época (Getúlio Vargas e o crime de Toneleros). Gompanhia Editora Nacional. São Paulo, 1957. 397 pp.
Resenha do livro 'Les Fhilosophes Espagnols d'hier et d'aujourd'hui. — Epoques et auteurs'
Authors: Teixeira Livio
Published: January 2018

GUY, Alain. Les Fhilosophes Espagnols d'hier et d'aujourd'hui. — Epoques et auteurs. 409 páginas. Textes choisis. 300 páginas. Edições Privot. Tolosa. 1956.
Antônio Pedro de Figueiredo, o Cousin fusco
Authors: Quintas Amaro
Published: January 2018

(Primeiras linhas do texto)"Foi graças ao sr. Gilberto Freyre que travei conhecimento com a obra de Antônio Pedro de Figueiredo. O sociólogo pernambucano, nos seus livros Nordeste e Um engenheiro francês no Brasil, despertou a atenção dos meios intelectuais para a figura extraordinária dêsse mulato (...)"
O indianista Professor Luigi Suali
Authors: Stella Jorge Bertolaso
Published: January 2018

A Itália, centro de irradiação de cultura, o primeiro país da Europa que possuiu a tradução do Râmâyana, realizada pelo Abade Gorresio, tem tido homens que a honraram neste ramo do saber.
Resenha de: The origins of the Medieval World
Authors: Campos Pedro Moacyr
Published: January 2018

BARK (William Carroll). — The origins of the Medieval World. Stanford University Press, 1958, 162 págs.
A primeira viagem de Vasco da Gama à Índia
Authors: Souza T. O. Marcondes de
Published: January 2018

(Ensaio Crítico) A primeira viagem de Vasco da Gama à índia tem dado margem a discussões, sendo que três são os principais pontos controvertidos, a saber:— Foi essa viagem uma navegação de grande cabotagem? — Vasco da Gama ao partir da ilha de Santiago, tendo-se aproximado da Serra Leoa, afastou-se em demasia da costa ocidental da África para poder atingir o cabo da Boa Esperança? — Nesse afastamento passou bem próximo do litoral brasileiro a ponto de ter avistado terras do Brasil?
A descoberta e identificação do "Schistosoma Mansoni" por Pirajá da Silva, em 1908, na Bahia (Brasil)
Authors: Falcão Dr. Edgard de Cerqueira
Published: January 2018

Começa o Autor analisando a observação de Bilharz, o descobridor do S. hisematobittm, o qual botou a presença de dois tipos de ovos espiculados de esquistossomof, parasitos do homem (dotados de acúleos lateral e terminal), na cavidade, uterina de um mesmo verme fêmea. Tal fato, verdadeira ilusão óptica microscópica, foi o ponto de partida para que os helmintologistas do Cairo, A. Lonas à frente, não quisessem aceitar a realidade da existência de duas espécies diferentes do trematóide, sugerida por Manson, em 1903. A seguir, apresenta o Autor a contribuição original do sábio brasileiro Pirajá da Silva, que veio a descobrir e identificar cabalmente a segunda espécie, criada por Sambou em 1907, com o nome de Schistosoma mansoni. Os estudos de P. da Silva ocorreram na Bahia, em 1908.
O canal do Varadouro
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Regina da Cunha
Published: January 2018

Traço de união do litoral sul paulista com o norte paranaense(Introdução)
Resenha de: A History of Japan to 1334
Authors: Campos Pedro Moacyr
Published: January 2018

SANSOM (George B.). — A History of Japan to 1334, Stanford University Press, Stanford, Califórnia, 1958, 500 págs.
A astronomia náutica na época dos descobrimentos marítimos
Authors: Souza T. O. Marcondes de
Published: January 2018

No colóquio de história marítima realizado em Paris no mês de maio de 1956, cujas comunicações foram reunidas pelo professor Michel Mollat em um volume intitulado Le Navire, os professôres Guy Beaujouan e Emmanuel Poulle apresentaram trabalhos abordando com grande erudição a questão que diz respeito às origens das navegações astronômicas na época dos descobrimentos marítimos.
Resenha de: Historia de la imprenta en los antiguos dominios españoles de America y Oceania
Authors: Daglione Vivaldo Wenceslau Flor
Published: January 2018

MEDINA (José Toríbio). — Historia de la imprenta en los antiguos dominios españoles de America y Oceania. Prólogo de Guillermo Feliu Cruz, complemento bibliográfico de José Zamudio Z. 'Publicação do "Fondo Historico y Bibliografico José Toribio Medina". Santiago de Chile, 1958, 2 volumes. Tomo. I, 603 páginas. Tomo II, 540 páginas. Brochura.
Noções de Numismática Brasileira (VI)
Authors: Coimbra Álvaro da Veiga
Published: January 2018

(Continuação)XV - REINADO DE D. PEDRO II - 1831-1889
Resenha de: Aku-aku, o segredo da Ilha da Páscoa
Authors: Paula Eurípedes Simões de
Published: January 2018

HEYERDAHL (Thor) . — Aku-aku, o segrêdo da Ilha da Páscoa. Tradução de Raul de Polillo. São Paulo, s. d. Edições Melhora-mentos. 342 pp. Ilust.
A escravidão no Brasil, tal como é descrita pelos americanos: 1822-1888
Authors: Cardozo Manoel
Published: January 2018

Se o povo americano, nos fins do século XIX, se preocupasse em aumentar os seus conhecimentos sôbre o Brasil, poderia fazê-lo fàcilmente, mesmo sem ter necessidade de apren-der uma língua estrangeira. De 1822 a 1888, a partir da Independência até a Abolição da Escravatura — período êste que corresponde, quase exatamente, à duração do Império — cêrca de 20 livros sôbre o Brasil foram publicados por americanos. No entanto, êsses não foram os únicos livros a êsse respeito, porque os inglêses também escreveram sôbre o Brasil — na realidade, êles escreveram mais do que nós e os seus livros eram acessíveis neste lado do Atlântico.
Martim Cabral, o bólide
Authors: Santos Filho Lycurgo De Castro
Published: January 2018

No ano de 1869 bacharelou-se em Direito pela tradicional Academia de São Paulo, o jovem Martim Cabral Moreira dos Santos, de infeliz e desafortunado destino . Morreu dois anos depois de formado, sem poder se realizar e sem de si deixar o rasto que seus dotes intelectuais um dia pressagiaram. Re-lembrado é êle apenas por meia dúzia de ensaistas e na evo-cação que dos tempos de Academia traçaram alguns de seus contemporâneos, e assim mesmo apagado de todo estaria o seu nome se um daqueles contemporâneos que o evocaram não se chamasse Rui Barbosa. Na própria cidade paulista onde viveu e morreu, e que foi Pindamonhangaba, e onde uma via públi-ca ostenta o seu nome, Martim Cabral é hoje apenas uma rua, desconhecido de todos, sômente recordado por alguns poucos cultores da história local, que nada sabem do que teria escrito ou publicado.
Causas e características da Independência da América
Authors: Gandia Enrique de
Published: January 2018

As causas e as características da independência da Amé-rica foram expostas em Madrí, no período de 1 a 12 de outubro de 1949, por um grande número de historiadores americanos e espanhóis. A reunião denominou-se Primeiro Congresso His-pano-Americano de História, e os organizadores espanhóis con-vidaram gentilmente, muitos estudiosos. Alguns comparece-ram pessoalmente, ao passo que outros apenas enviaram tra-balhos. Com tudo o que foi dito e apresentado, publicou-se as Ediciones de Cultura Hispánica, em 1953, um volume de mais de 500 páginas. As conclusões aprovadas e resumos muito com-plexos dos trabalhos representam a última palavra dos histo-riadores hispano-americanos, em relação ao grande problema das origens da independência americana
Esboço da historiografia brasileira nos séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Campos Pedro Moacyr
Published: January 2018

Pouco a pouco, apesar de todos os altos e baixos inevitáveis nas fases de tomada de consciência de maturidade, manifestam-se os sinais de uma renovação dos estudos de história no Brasil. Destaca-se, por exemplo, a certeza da impossibili-dade de considerar-se o país como algo histôricamente autôno-mo, levando a um sempre maior alargamento dos horizontes; as peculiaridades brasileiras, neste caso, estariam longe de jus-tificar um isolamento, pois diversas delas, até mesmo, só po-deriam encontrar uma explicação razoável mediante o recurso a elementos alienígenas
Diogo de Teive e Pedro de Velasco supostos descobridores do banco da Terra Nova
Authors: Souza Thomaz Oscar Marcondes de
Published: January 2018

O historiador Jaime Cortesão, fértil em fantasiar desco-bertas marítimas pré-colombianas e atribuí-las a nautas portuguêses, publicou no Arquivo Histórico da Marinha (1) um trabalho aparentemente bem arquitetado, visando emprestar a Diogo de Teive, madeirense, escudeiro do Infante D. Henrique e ao seu pilôto Pedro de Velasco, "a glória" de terem em agôsto de 1452 avistado o banco da Terra Nova, sem todavia tê-lo abordado.
O espírito do cristianismo na epopéia henriquina
Authors: Almeida Nelson Abel de
Published: January 2018

Estamos em 1960. E êste ano é um marco na História de Portugal. E também na História do Brasil. E ainda na História marítima universal.
O Infante D. Henrique e as responsabilidades do desastre de Tânger
Authors: Paula Eurípedes Simões de
Published: January 2018

Em 1415 os portuguêses conquistaram Ceuta, tendo se dis-tinguido na peleja os filhos de D. João I, os infantes D. Duarte, D. Pedro e D. Henrique que, em prêmio dos seus feitos, foram armados cavaleiros na mesquita transformada em templo ca-tólico logo após a vitória. Assim começou a cruzada portu-guêsa em Marrocos contra os infiéis.
Relação de 134 Códices valiosos para uma eventual história local de Santana do Parnaíba (1660-1932)
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Regina da Cunha
Published: January 2018

Correspondendo ao apêlo do Diretor da Revista de História, no sentido do arrolamento de fontes primárias regio-nais, julgamos oportuno divulgar uma relação de 134 Códices sôbre Santana do Parnaíba, no período de 1660-1932, existen-tes na secção histórica do Departamento do Arquivo do Esta-do de São Paulo. Trata-se de documentação provavelmente inédita, recolhida àquela secção especializada em 8 de outubro de 1940.
A basílica do Senhor Bom Jesus de Congonhas do Campo
Authors: Falcão Edgar de Cerqueira
Published: January 2018

Numa praia próxima à foz do atual rio Douro, em Portugal, surgiu, no ano 124 de nossa éra, segundo narram velhos cronistas, baseados em secular tradição, certa imagem de Cristo Crucificado, mutilada, à qual faltava o braço esquerdo . Seme-lhante escultura, que outra lenda atribui ao cinzel de Nicodemos, fariseu converso ao cristianismo e testemunha ocular do drama do Calvário, foi, segundo a mesma versão, encontrada recoberta de algas marinhas, e a seguir piedosamente recolhida a uma igrejinha das vizinhanças, passando a ser nela venerada desde logo como taumaturga.
Memória histórica de Cananéia (IV)
Authors: Almeida Antônio Paulino de
Published: January 2018

Como simples nota explicativa precisamos dizer algo sôbre a palavra Cananéia ou as Ilhas de Cananéia, a que continua-mente aludem os escritores da época. Como se sabe, o município é formado por uma faixa de ter-ras situada no continente, além de diversas ilhas, que formam o "Arquipélago de Cananéia", como disse o dr. Afonso A. de Freitas em sua Geografia do Estado de São Paulo.
Resenha de: Frederico II da Suábia e o nascimento do Estado Moderno
Authors: Witter José Sebastião
Published: January 2018

GARCIA-PELAYO (Manuel) . — Frederico II da Suábia e o nas-cimento do Estado Moderno. Tradução do original espanhol e notas pelo Prof. Amilcar de Castro. Edição da Revista de Estudos Políticos. 1961. Belo Horizonte.
Resenha de: Pequena História da Ciência
Authors: Paula Eurípedes Simões de
Published: January 2018

DAMPIER (Sir William Cecil). — Pequena História da Ciência. Tradução do inglês, notas e complemento bibliográfico de José Reis. IBRASA, 1961.
Antiqva Lvsitania - Nomina Virovm Mvliervm Deorvm Dearvm Aliaqve in Lvsitania Reperta (Elementa ad Locvpletivs Stvdivm) (II)
Authors: Sousa Arlindo de
Published: January 2018

(CONTINUAÇÃO)
Arrolamento das fontes históricas de Avaré e região circunvizinha
Authors: Brandi Lina , Brandi Sérgio
Published: January 2018

No quadro dos municípios paulistas destaca-se Avaré, ou-trora Rio Novo, criado pela Lei n.° 15 de 7 de julho de 1875, sendo instalada a Primeira Câmara Municipal a 27 de março de 1876. Ao ser elevada à categoria de cidade, por decreto n.° 180 de 29 de maio de 1891, por solicitação feita ao govêrno de São Paulo (petição entregue pelo presidente da Câmara Muni-cipal do Rio Novo e assinada também por vereadores, autori-dades e representantes das classes sociais), foi mudado o nome de Rio Novo para Avaré — de "Abaré"- — nome dado pelos ín-dios "caiuás" ao rio em cujo vale estava a cidade.
Bibliografia da Revolução Constitucionalista
Authors: Leite Aureliano
Published: January 2018

LIVROS E PLAQUETAS
Um suposto descobrimento do Brasil antes 1448
Authors: Souza Thomaz Oscar Marcondes de
Published: January 2018

Na Biblioteca Ambrosiana de Milão existe um portulano da Europa e África desenhado em 1448, em Londres, pelo nave-gante e cartógrafo veneziano André Bianco.
Nota prévia sobre os governadores do Paraguai: Eustáquio Gianini y Bentallol e Manuel Gutierrez
Authors: Bastos Uacury Ribeiro de Assis
Published: January 2018

Pedro de Angelis publicou, no II Tomo da "Colección de 'Obras y documentos relativos a la Historia Antigua y Moderna de las Provincias del Rio de la Plata" (1), a lista dos governadores paraguaios retirada das Atas Capitulares do arquivo de Assunção. Os dois últimos governadores relacionados foram Lázaro Ribera e Bernardo Velasco. Com Velasco en-cerrou-se o domínio espanhol sôbre o Paraguai. Demersay em História Geral do Paraguai (2) lembra, à página 91, o aspecto incompleto da relação . Não foram incluídos os governadores provisórios ou interinos.
O espírito da Arte Chinesa
Authors: Mazza Emílio
Published: January 2018

Característica fundamental da' pintura chinesa é a calma harmoniosa. O pintor chinês é um sereno taoista, um homem que, antes de pintar, permaneceu longamente em comunhão com a natureza, contemplando-a do alto das montanhas. Na solidão de seus retiros, longe da mesquinhez citadina, o pintor chinês purifica seu coração, aprende a compreender a íntima essência e a grandiosa unidade dos aspectos naturais e a vitalidade que vibra nas miríades de formas viventes. Êste respiro de ar montanhês, scianlinci, emana de tôda a grande pintura chinesa, refletindo a calma atingida pelo espírito do artista, confundindo-se com a harmonia universal.
Arrolamento das fontes históricas do Município de Pinhal, Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Casalecchi José Ênio
Published: January 2018

INTRODUÇÃO. O município de Pinhal está localizado na zona fisiográfi-ca cristalina do norte, tendo por coordenadas geográficas 22° 12' de latitude sul e 46° 44' de longitude W. Gr. Sua área é de 394 km2 e sua altitude é de 870 metros.
Cristóvão Colombo e a ação papal
Authors: Genófre Edmundo M.
Published: January 2018

Colombo, como outros numerosos genoveses e italianos, vivia em Lisboa, onde fôra aprender a grande arte náutica da navegação.
A concepção geográfica dos portugueses após o descobrimento da América
Authors: Souza Thomaz Oscar Marcondes de
Published: January 2018

Na volumosa obra que, sob o título História da Colonização Portuguêsa do Brasil, escreveu uma equipe de historiadores lusos com o objetivo de dar maior brilho às festas comemorativas do primeiro centenário da emancipação política do Brasil, existe esta passagem no I volume, introdução, páginas 55 e 56.
Um depoimento francês sobre a Inquisição em Portugal no século XVIII
Authors: Ramos Vitor
Published: January 2018

Em 1762 foi publicado em Londres um veemente panfleto de ataque à Inquisição escrito em francês por um português exilado, que o Santo Ofício, no ano anterior, queimara em estátua, no último Auto da Fé realizado em Portugal. Trata-se de Le Chevalier d'Oliveyra brulé en effigie comine Hérétique. Comment et pourquoi? (1) obra de Francisco Xavier de Oliveira. Êste autor, cujo afastamento de Portugal, durante 51 anos, constitui o caso de mais longo exílio de escritor lusitano, nunca abdicou da sua nacionalidade, nem da língua materna, nem do interêsse pelos problemas do seu país, e se utilizou o francês na maior parte da sua obra fê-lo por razões estratégi-cas, dada a difusão que esta língua permitia na época aos ideais que pretendia espalhar.
José Bonifácio, o economista
Authors: Bouças Valentim Fernandes
Published: January 2018

Quando todo o País, comemora o segundo centenário do nascimento dêste seu filho — ilustre e bravo — a nós nos parece que a melhor forma de expressar a nossa gratidão àquêle que foi chamado de "verdadeiro pai da pátria" será confessar-mos a nós mesmos que José Bonifácio quis, como base para um Brasil verdadeiramente independente, as reformas que nós ainda não realizamos ou que hesitamos em realizar.
O que é a História: considerações a propósito de uma obra de E.H. Carr
Authors: Costa Emília Viotti da
Published: January 2018

Freqüentemente, no exercício do seu trabalho, às voltas ,com a pesquisa, procurando documentos, manuseando manuscritos, debruçando-se sôbre as fontes, tentando ordenar seu pensamento e suas informações num conjunto compreensivo, o historiador é levado a indagar sôbre a natureza da História, História nos dois sentidos: História como processo vivido, História como conhecimento. Poucos são aquêles, entretanto, que chegam a sistematizar os seus problemas e suas respostas. Ninguém negará valor a essas tomadas de consciência por parte do historiador, principalmente quando se trata de um gran-de historiador.
Em Sorocaba o testamento público de Santos Dumont
Authors: Mateus Ari
Published: January 2018

Alberto Santos Dumont, sempre lembrado em comemorações que se fazem sôbre assuntos aviatórios, sempre presente em todos os recantos do mundo através da sua vasta e muito enriquecida biografia que não deixa de ser uma constante nas enciclopédias, dicionários histórico-geográficos, jornais e revistas em geral, mundialmente conhecido como o concretizador dos sonhos de Leonardo Da Vinci, nos tempos idos de 1931, foi para uma cidade pacata do interior de São Paulo, mas que não ignorava as proezas do grande brasileiro, fazer pela segunda vez, o seu testamento público.