bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark and singular optical solitons for Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar model
Authors: Rizvi Syed Tahir Raza , Afzal Insibat , Ali Kashif
Published: February 2020

The Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar model is studied to reveal some vital optical solitons in (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1) dimensions. To obtain singular soliton, dark soliton, combined dark-singular soliton and other hyperbolic solutions, we will use csch method, extended Tanh–Coth method and extended rational sinh-cosh method receptively with constraint conditions.
A First-order Logic for Reasoning about Knowledge and Probability
Authors: Tomović S. , Ognjanović Z. , Doder D.
Published: February 2020

We present a first-order probabilistic epistemic logic, which allows combining operators of knowledge and probability within a group of possibly infinitely many agents. We define its syntax and semantics and prove the strong completeness property of the corresponding axiomatic system.
1
Adaptive Local Linear Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Nie Feiping , Wang Zheng , Wang Rong , Wang Zhen , Li Xuelong
Published: February 2020

Dimensionality reduction plays a significant role in high-dimensional data processing, and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a widely used supervised dimensionality reduction approach. However, a major drawback of LDA is that it is incapable of extracting the local structure information, which is crucial for handling multimodal data. In this article, we propose a novel supervised dimensionality reduction method named Adaptive Local Linear Discriminant Analysis (ALLDA), which adaptively learns a
k
-nearest neighbors graph from data themselves to extract the local connectivity of data. Furthermore, the original high-dimensional data usually contains noisy and redundant features, which has a negative impact on the evaluation of neighborships and degrades the subsequent classification performance. To address this issue, our method learns the similarity matrix and updates the subspace simultaneously so that the neighborships can be evaluated in the optimal subspaces where the noises have been removed. Through the optimal graph embedding, the underlying sub-manifolds of data in intra-class can be extracted precisely. Meanwhile, an efficient iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the minimization problem. Promising experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed method.
A Theoretical Foundation for Timing Synchronous Systems Using Asynchronous Structures
Authors: Tadros Ramy N. , Beerel Peter A.
Published: February 2020

Timing of synchronous systems is an everlasting stumbling block to the booming demands for lower power consumption and higher operation speeds in the electronics industry. This hardship is aggravated by the growing levels of variability in state-of-the-art silicon dimensions and in other beyond-CMOS technologies. Although some designers continue to strongly believe in the performance advantages of being fully synchronous, others have radically shifted toward extremely robust delay-insensitive domains. Targeting a different compromise of both performance and robustness, this article provides sufficient conditions for an asynchronous system to be able to generate the periodic signals necessary for the timing of a fully synchronous system and highlights a specific hierarchical clocking structure that with a single tunable delay satisfies these conditions. Using an asynchronous clock distribution network benefits from both the natural robustness of asynchronous structures and the advantageous performance of synchronous clocking.
Review—Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Das Sagnik , Pal Mrinal
Published: February 2020

Exhaled human breath analysis is a very promising field of research work having great potential for diagnosis of diseases in non-invasive way. Breath analysis has attracted huge attention in the field of medical diagnosis and disease monitoring in the last two decades. VOCs/gases (Volatile Organic Compounds) in exhaled breath bear the finger-prints of metabolic and biophysical processes going on in human body. It’s a non-invasive, fast, non-hazardous, cost effective, and point of care process for disease state monitoring and environmental exposure assessment in human beings. Some VOCs/gases in exhaled breath are bio-markers of different diseases and their presence in excess amount is indicative of un-healthiness. Breath analysis has the potential for early detection of diseases. However, it is still underused and commercial device is yet not available owing to multiferrious challenges. This review is intended to provide an overview of major biomarkers (VOCs/gases) present in exhaled breath, importance of their analysis towards disease monitoring, analytical techniques involved, promising materials for breath analysis etc. Finally, related challenges and limitations along with future scope will be touched upon.
Review—Review on the Progress in Electrochemical Detection of Morphine Based on Different Modified Electrodes
Authors: Abraham Pinky , S Renjini , Vijayan Poornima , V Nisha , Sreevalsan Krishna , Anithakumary V.
Published: February 2020

Morphine is a powerful opioid pain medication and commonly used narcotic pain killer and is toxic during overdose or when abused. Compared to conventional analytical techniques, the electroanalytical method has significant advantages viz. low cost, simplicity, ease of operation and facile miniaturization. In the present paper different approaches based on various modifications adopted for effective electrochemical sensing of morphine are reviewed in a comprehensive way. Among different modified electrodes available for the detection of morphine, carbon based materials—CNTs and graphene—display effective quantification and are attractive in terms of cost compared to noble metals. In addition, the performance of reported sensors in terms of their including detection range (LDR), limit of detection (LOD) and technique used are presented. The present review compares various electroanalytical techniques adopted for the determination of morphine.
Review—Electronic Circuit Systems for Piezoelectric Resonance Sensors
Authors: Park Jong-Yoon , Choi Jin-Woo
Published: February 2020

Piezoelectric mass sensors have been widely studied for a variety of applications as a biological or chemical sensing transducer. With an increasing range of application areas and performance requirements for fast measurement time, higher resolution and accuracy, and compact system size, different measurement electronic systems have also been investigated to fulfill the performance requirements. Selecting a proper type of measurement electronics is critical to develop an optimized sensing system for practical applications. In this review, we cover different types of measurement electronics configurations including impedance-based measurement, oscillator-based measurement, and ring-down technique. Also, we provide an overview of the recent advances of each measurement electronics configuration for piezoelectric resonator sensors. Finally, the pros and cons of each measurement electronic configuration are compared and discussed.
Reference Gene and Protein Expression Levels in Two Different NAFLD Mouse Models
Authors: Araujo Layanne C. C. , Bordin Silvana , Carvalho Carla R. O.
Published: February 2020

The expression levels of some reference genes and proteins are used for data normalization and quantification. However, these levels can change in response to experimental conditions or treatments. Aim. The aim of this work was to evaluate reference gene and protein expression in models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, using mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and mice that are genetically obese (ob/ob). Main Methods. Histological staining techniques were used to verify the morphology and quantify the amount of lipid droplets present in the liver. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting were employed for monitoring protein expression and gene expression levels, respectively. Key Finding. The results showed that there was a substantial increase in the amount of lipid droplets in the livers of HFD and ob/ob animals when compared to the standard diet (SD) group. There was an observed reduction in the expression of β-actin (10%), α-tubulin (6%), GAPDH (19%), and RPL3 (15%) genes when comparing the ob/ob group to the HFD group. Additionally, the ob/ob mice displayed GAPDH protein levels that were substantially, but not significantly, reduced when compared to SD. Significance. It was concluded that there are slight differences in the expression levels of reference genes and proteins in these two NAFLD animal models, and researchers should consider these alterations when working with these models.
Respiratory Function and Grip Strength in the Acute Phase of Stroke Are Associated with Stroke Severity and Disability at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Sartor Lorena Cristina Alvarez , Luvizutto Gustavo José , de Souza Juli Thomaz , Silva Dalle Molle Evelin Roberta , Modolo Gabriel Pinheiro , da Silva Taís Regina , Prudente Robson Aparecido , Ribeiro Priscila Watson , da Costa Rafael Dalle Molle , de Oliveira Antunes Letícia Cláudia , Ferreira Natália Cristina , Bazan Silméia Garcia Zanati , Winckler Fernanda Cristina , de Carvalho Nunes Hélio Rubens , Minicucci Marcos Ferreira , Bazan Rodrigo
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Stroke can lead to musculoskeletal and respiratory dysfunction, chronic deconditioning, and functional limitations, as well as long-term complications.Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between respiratory function and grip strength in the acute phase of stroke and stroke severity, disability, and autonomy in the long term.Methods. This was a cohort study including 46 patients in the stroke unit. The stroke patients were assessed in the stroke unit at the following moments: at admission by the clinical and haemodynamic stability, demographic and anthropometric data, hand grip strength, stroke severity by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and respiratory function using a manovacuometer; during hospitalization by clinical complications and the length of stay; and at hospital discharge and 90 days after discharge by the degrees of functional capacity and dependence using NIHSS, modified Rankin scale (mRs), and Barthel index. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression to verify the association between respiratory function and grip strength and the outcomes.Results. The median length of stay in the stroke unit was 7 days. A negative correlation was found between the palmar prehension strength on the unaffected side and mRs at discharge (β=‐0.034,p=0.049). The NIHSS scores at discharge (β=‐0.016,p=0.011) were negatively correlated with the MEP. The Barthel index at discharge was positively correlated with the palmar prehension strength on the unaffected side (β=0.480,p=0.023).Conclusion. It was concluded that a loss of grip strength is associated with a loss of ability and autonomy at discharge and poor respiratory function is associated with stroke severity at discharge.
Beneficial Effects of Macroporous Resin Extract of Dendrobium candidum Leaves in Rats with Hyperuricemia Induced by a High‐Purine Diet
Authors: Lou Xiao-Jing , Wang Yu-Zhi , Lei Shan-Shan , He Xinglishang , Lu Ting-Ting , Zhan Liang-Hui , Chen Xue , Chen Ye-Hui , Li Bo , Zheng Xiang , Lv Gui-Yuan , Chen Su-Hong
Published: February 2020

Objectives. The incidence of hyperuricemia (HUA) is increasing year by year, and there are no ideal drugs for the treatment; the existing ones can cause serious liver and kidney damage. We have confirmed that the water extract of Dendrobium candidum leaves could reduce the level of uric acid in rats, but the active ingredients remain unknown, and the mechanism is not well understood. This research investigated the therapeutic effect of the macroporous resin extract of the Dendrobium candidum leaf (DLE) on hyperuricemia. In this study, hyperuricemia was induced in rats by a 5‐week high‐purine diet. After that, DLE was administered continuously for 9 weeks. The result showed that biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function, especially serum uric acid (UA) levels, were significantly improved with DLE, which may relate to the reduction of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the liver. Moreover, DLE could significantly prevent kidney and liver from damage, and intestinal injury and reduce inflammation in hyperuricemic rats by inhibiting the expression of both NF‐κB and TLR4 proteins. These results showed that the macroporous resin extract of the Dendrobium candidum leaves may be effective for the treatment of hyperuricemia in rats by inhibiting uric acid production and decreasing inflammation.
Development of Swallowing Function in Infants with Oral Feeding Difficulties
Authors: Han Changhun , Shin Jaeho , Jeon Ga Won
Published: February 2020

Background. Discharge of preterm infants is often delayed because of their oral feeding difficulties. Independent oral feeding is the last obstacle to pass after managing acute and chronic morbidities. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of swallowing dysfunction and suggest proper interventions to reduce aspiration and chronic lung injury.Methods. Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (January 2016 to December 2018) who were performed modified barium swallow study due to oral feeding difficulties were enrolled. Modified barium swallow study wasdone≥postmenstrualage 37 weeks to limit radiation exposure. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. Swallowing dysfunction was defined as inadequate epiglottic closure, laryngeal penetration, or tracheal aspiration according to result of the modified barium swallow study.Results. Among a total of 54 infants enrolled, nine (16.7%) were term infants, 13 (24.1%) were late preterm infants (gestational age, 34-36 weeks), and 32 (59.3%) were early preterm infants (gestationalage<34weeks). Gestational age and birth weight were smaller in infants with swallowing dysfunction. Total duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of invasive ventilation were longer in infants with swallowing dysfunction. The risk of swallowing dysfunction increased by 11.2 times for infants with gestationalage<29weeks compared to infants with gestationalage≥29weeks. Swallowing dysfunction was improved in most infants after they became matured. They showed different time and rate of maturation with the help of rehabilitation through swallow therapy and dietary modification with thickened formula.Conclusion. Preterm infants with gestationalage<29weeks or with longer ventilation duration are at a higher risk of aspiration. Rehabilitation of swallow therapy and dietary modification with thickened formula can be helpful interventions to prevent aspiration and chronic lung injury and reassure parents until independent oral feeding is possible.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as a Potential Risk for Implant Failure: A Clinical Report
Authors: Emami Elham , de Grandmont Pierre , Menassa Mélanie , Audy Nicholas , Durand Robert
Published: February 2020

Knowledge of the risk factors for implant osseointegration is essential for clinical decision-making and optimizing treatment success. This clinical report presents a rare case of implant failure in a patient who received intravitreal injections of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Following CARE guidelines, the report presents a case rehabilitated with a mandibular 2-implant overdenture using the immediate-loading protocol and standard procedures. The implants failed within six weeks of immediate loading although primary stability (≥50 Ncm) was achieved during surgery and clinical follow-ups did not show any deviance from standard implant care or patient-related complications. Further investigation suggested that the intake of a VEGF inhibitor may be the cause of failure. This clinical report highlights the importance of systemic risk factors in implant success and their consideration during planning for implant-assisted treatment.
Antifibrotic Effect of Combination of Nilotinib and Stem Cell-Conditioned Media on CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Nabil Ahmed , Lotfy Ahmed , Soliman Reham , Hassan Ayman A. , Ali Islam S. , Gad Doaa F. , Zahran Faten
Published: February 2020

Liver fibrosis is the excessive extracellular matrix accumulation of proteins, such as collagen, which follows the chronic liver diseases. Advanced liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. Nilotinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which showed antifibrotic efficacy. Stem cell therapy still has some limitations such as oncogenesis, unexpected differentiation, and ethical consideration. Stem cells secrete cytokines and growth factors that showed paracrine-mediated antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. Thus, stem cell-conditioned medium (SC-CM), which contains the secretory proteins of stem cells, may have an antifibrotic role. This study was carried out to examine the antifibrotic effect of Nilotinib and stem cell exosomes on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 twice a week for 9 weeks and given daily treatments of Nilotinib (20 mg/kg), stem cell exosomes (0.5 ml/rat), and the combination treatment of Nilotinib and stem cell exosomes during the last 5 weeks of CCl4 intoxication. Liver fibrosis and also antifibrotic efficacy of the treatments were estimated with liver function tests, oxidative stress parameters, apoptotic parameters, histopathological examination, and hydroxyproline contents. Results showed that the combination of Nilotinib and stem cell-conditioned media had more antifibrotic effects than each one alone (P value < 0.001).
Nikol’skii–Type Inequalities for Trigonometric Polynomials for Lorentz–Zygmund Spaces
Authors: Doktorski Leo R. Ya.
Published: February 2020

Nikol’skii–type inequalities, that is inequalities between different metrics of trigonometric polynomials on the torus Td for the Lorentz–Zygmund spaces, are obtained. The results of previous paper “Nikol’skii inequalities for Lorentz–Zygmund spaces” are extended. Applications to approximation spaces in Lorentz–Zygmund spaces and to Besov spaces are given.
Collision Glial Neoplasms Arising in an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma: A Rare Event
Authors: Meliti Abdelrazak , Hafiz Bayan , Al-Maghrabi Haneen , Gari Abdulrahim
Published: February 2020

Germ cell neoplasms represent around 20% of all ovarian tumors. They most frequently affect children and young adults. Mature cystic teratoma is a common benign ovarian neoplasm comprising about 95% and is made up of all three germ cell embryonic layers. By definition, mature cystic teratoma may be derived from any of the three germ cell lines. On the other hand, immature teratomas contain primitive neuroepithelial elements. However, it is quite uncommon in the English literature to have a neuroepithelial glial neoplasm arising in a mature cystic teratoma of an adolescent. Interestingly enough, all published cases described a single type of glial neoplasm arising in mature ovarian teratoma. Herein, the authors discuss a unique case of concomitant occurrence of two different glial neoplasms, namely pilocytic astrocytoma and subependymoma arising in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case with such a distinctive histopathologic finding.
Platelet Rich Plasma for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Badsha Humeira , Harifi Ghita , Murrell William D.
Published: February 2020

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product with platelets above circulating levels and releases several growth factors after activation. PRP may help to decrease joint inflammation by modulating synovial cell proliferation and differentiation and inhibition of catabolic pathways in various articular conditions. Though PRP has shown good efficacy in osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions such as synovitis, epicondylitis, skeletal muscle injuries, and tendinopathy, there is limited experience for the use of PRP in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Precise mechanisms of action of PRP are not known. We present clinical experience for treatment with PRP (2–4 ml) in four patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had inadequate response and persistent pain and inflammation with intra-articular steroids. Irrespective of past and ongoing treatments and duration of disease, all patients showed improvement in the visual analog scale and disease activity score of 28 joints at 4 and 8 weeks after injection. There was an improvement in joint inflammation on ultrasound imaging in some patients. These effects were sustained for up to 1 year. No adverse effects were reported in any patient. PRP may be a safe and useful therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who fail to respond to one or more established treatment options.
MiR-30e-3p Influences Tumor Phenotype through MDM2/TP53 Axis and Predicts Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gramantieri Laura , Pollutri Daniela , Gagliardi Martina , Giovannini Catia , Quarta Santina , Ferracin Manuela , Casadei-Gardini Andrea , Callegari Elisa , De Carolis Sabrina , Marinelli Sara , Benevento Francesca , Vasuri Francesco , Ravaioli Matteo , Cescon Matteo , Piscaglia Fabio , Negrini Massimo , Bolondi Luigi , Fornari Francesca
Published: February 2020

The molecular background of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly heterogeneous, and biomarkers predicting response to treatments are an unmet clinical need. We investigated miR-30e-3p contribution to HCC phenotype and response to sorafenib, as well as the mutual modulation of TP53/MDM2 pathway, in HCC tissues and preclinical models. MiR-30e-3p was downregulated in human and rat HCCs, and its downregulation associated with TP53 mutations. TP53 contributed to miR-30e-3p biogenesis, and MDM2 was identified among its target genes, establishing an miR-30e-3p/TP53/MDM2 feedforward loop and accounting for miR-30e-3p dual role based on TP53 status. EpCAM, PTEN, and p27 were demonstrated as miR-30e-3p additional targets mediating its contribution to stemness and malignant features. In a preliminary cohort of patients with HCC treated with sorafenib, increased miR-30e-3p circulating levels predicted the development of resistance. In conclusion, molecular background dictates miR-30e-3p dual behavior in HCC. Mdm2 targeting plays a predominant tumor suppressor function in wild-type TP53 contexts, whereas other targets such as PTEN, p27, and EpCAM gain relevance and mediate miR-30e-3p oncogenic role in nonfunctional TP53 backgrounds. Increased circulating levels of miR-30e-3p predict the development of sorafenib resistance in a preliminary series of patients with HCC and deserve future investigations.

Significance:

The dual role of miR-30e-3p in HCC clarifies how the molecular context dictates the tumor suppressor or oncogenic function played by miRNAs.
Targeting ATRX Loss through Inhibition of the Cell-Cycle Checkpoint Mediator WEE1
Authors: Cole Kristina A.
Published: February 2020

In this issue of Cancer Research, Liang and colleagues perform a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9–negative loss-of-function screen and identify WEE1 kinase as a therapeutic vulnerability in cells depleted of the ATRX chromatin remodeler gene. Because ATRX mutations are frequently mutated across a variety of pediatric and adult malignancies, this work may contribute to the preclinical rationale for a precision medicine trial of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 (adavosertib) for patients whose tumors demonstrate ATRX loss.

See related article by Liang et al., p. 510
Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Efficacy in Solid Tumors
Authors: Fucà Giovanni , Reppel Loic , Landoni Elisa , Savoldo Barbara , Dotti Gianpietro
Published: February 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been acclaimed as a revolution in cancer treatment following the impressive results in hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, in patients with solid tumors, objectives responses to CAR T cells are still anecdotal, and important issues are driven by on-target but off-tumor activity of CAR T cells and by the extremely complex biology of solid tumors. Here, we will review the recent attempts to challenge the therapeutic impediments to CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors. We will focus on the most promising strategies of antigen targeting to improve tumor specificity and address the tumor heterogeneity, efforts to circumvent the physical barriers of the tumor architecture such as subverted tumor vasculature, impediments of CAR T-cell trafficking and immune suppressive microenvironment.
Morphological comparison between Doryteuthis pleii and D. sanpaulensis (Cephalopoda, Myopsida, Loliginidae) from Brazil
Authors: Migliavacca Paulo Presti , Simone Luiz Ricardo L.
Published: February 2020

The distinction of squid species in the genus Doryteuthis is not easy due to their morphological similarity, lack of conspicuous specific characters, and overlap geographical occurrence. This difficulty has leading to an almost exclusive molecular approach, and a premature neglect of the morpho-anatomy. To emphasize that the squid phenotypic features can be useful to identify, as well as to perform any comparative analyses (such as taxonomy and phylogeny), two close species were selected as outset. Doryteuthis pleii and D. sanpaulensis are common sympatric squids in Brazilian waters, commonly used in fisheries, not so difficult to distinguish by external features of the adult specimens. The samples were analyzed from biometric data to dissections, and the found most expressive characters to distinguish them are the mantle-fin ratio; morphology of the tentacle club, its ratio compared to the mantle length; hectocotylus morphology and nidamental gland morphology.
Departing from Perfect Goodness? The tetragonōs and the hugiēs man in Plato’s Protagoras
Authors: Irrera Elena
Published: February 2020

Simonides’ well known Ode to Scopas, which Plato introduces in the Protagoras, provides fertile ground for a discussion of two different forms of human goodness: on the one hand, the excellence embodied by the perfectly good man (τετράγωνος ἀνήρ); on the other hand, a less perfect form of goodness, which is the one embodied by the “healthy man” (ὑγιὴς ἀνήρ). This essay will critically address the shift from perfect to imperfect goodness and its underlying reasons. More specifically, I will argue that the distinctive goodness of the “healthy man” can be identified with a form of “minimal political decency”. As such, this can be praised only in comparison to a condition of lawlessness.
Cantiga de Ceilão, com Jorge de Sena em Santa Bárbara
Authors: Jackson Kenneth David
Published: February 2020

Um estudo de uma cantiga em crioulo indo-português da comunidade de descendentes de portugueses da costa oriental do Sri Lanka, gravada pelo autor em pesquisa de campo, incluindo uma orientação à história e persistência da língua portuguesa crioula na ilha. Relata a origem do poema “Cantiga de Ceilão” de Jorge de Sena e a relevância dos versos para o pensamento e a situação do poeta, separado da língua portuguesa.
A formação da voz poética em Sinais de Fogo de Jorge de Sena
Authors: Carvalho Jorge Vaz de
Published: February 2020

Sinais de Fogo narra o modo como Jorge, nascido com índole de poeta, teve de aguardar que a sua natureza o manifestasse a devido tempo, teve depois de assumir, até contra a própria vontade e estranheza inicial, essa sua condição e, por fim, teve de corresponder à necessidade interior, realizando essa vontade na resolução de escrever. Na construção dos quatro poemas por que passa na narrativa, completa-se um ciclo de quatro, símbolo da conclusão do próprio ciclo existencial de que imanam, cumprido o rito de passagem à maturidade, de uma idade em que fora mero espectador da vida para outra nova, em que se tornou o protagonista (do romance e da sua existência).
O que é notícia? WhatsApp na redação
Authors: Martini Mara Rovida , Gregório Roberta Lins
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados iniciais de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento acerca de como se apresenta a participação popular no telejornal regional “Manchetes Noticidade”, exibido pela TV Sorocaba SBT, por meio do aplicativo de mensagem WhatsApp. Baseando-se nos estudos de Teorias da Comunicação, os conceitos de gatekeeping e newsmaking estudados por Mauro Wolf e Nelson Traquina são o foco para o entendimento a respeito de como se dá o processo de participação popular e a intervenção na notícia produzida pelo telejornal. Este trabalho configura-se como um levantamento bibliográfico com a finalidade de trabalhar conceitos centrais da mencionada pesquisa.
Resenha de 'How to save a Constitutional Democracy', de Tom Ginsburg e Aziz Huq
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Joaquim da Silva , Fernandes Pedro De Araújo
Published: February 2020

Referência completa da obra: Ginsburg, Tom; Huq, Aziz Z. How to save a Constitutional Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018. 306 p.
Multiform invasion of life by work among basic education teachers and repercussions on health
Authors: Silva Jefferson Peixoto da , Fischer Frida Marina
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have pointed to a scenario of precariousness and illness among teachers. However, the way the profession resonates with the personal life of teachers has not received significant attention, even if it is common for them to take work home. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the repercussion of work on the everyday life of teachers and its implication on the health-disease process. METHODS: This is a qualitative study based on individual semi-structured interviews, complemented by a form of sociodemographic characterization. Data were analyzed by thematic coding with the aid of the MAXQDA 12 software. This study included 29 teachers from four public schools of the municipal and state networks of regular and full day education of São Paulo, in addition to the principal of each school. RESULTS: The results indicated that the illnesses arising from work have been projected on the personal life of teachers. We identified four main forms of manifestation of this type of invasion: continuous link with work by successive frustrations; moral harassment; uninterrupted pending matters; and interference over the private course of life. CONCLUSION: The social and pathogenic suffering caused by the invasion of life by work pointed to this phenomenon as one of the elements that can help explain the recurrent clinical pictures of illness among teachers.
Urinary Albumin, Sodium, and Potassium and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Zanetti Daniela , Bergman Helene , Burgess Stephen , Assimes Themistocles L. , Bhalla Vivek , Ingelsson Erik
Published: February 2020

Urinary biomarkers are associated with cardiovascular disease, but the nature of these associations is not well understood. We performed multivariable-adjusted regression models to assess associations of random spot measurements of the urine sodium-potassium ratio (UNa/UK) and urine albumin adjusted for creatinine with cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in 478 311 participants of the UK Biobank. Further, we assessed the causal relationships of these kidney biomarkers, used as proxies for kidney function, with cardiovascular outcomes using the 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach. In observational analyses, UNa/UK showed significant inverse associations with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, lipid-lowering medication, and T2D. In contrast, urine albumin adjusted for creatinine showed significant positive associations with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, lipid-lowering medication, and T2D. We found a positive association between UNa/UK and albumin with blood pressure (BP), as well as with adiposity-related measures. After correcting for potential horizontal pleiotropy, we found evidence of causal associations of UNa/UK and albumin with BP (β systolic BP ≥2.63; β diastolic BP ≥0.85 SD increase in BP per SD change in UNa/UK and urine albumin adjusted for creatinine;
P
≤0.04), and of albumin with T2D (odds ratio=1.33 per SD change in albumin,
P
=0.02). Our comprehensive study of urinary biomarkers performed using state-of-the-art analyses of causality mirror and extend findings from randomized interventional trials which have established UNa/UK as a risk factor for hypertension. In addition, we detect a causal feedback loop between albumin and hypertension, and our finding of a bidirectional causal association between albumin and T2D reflects the well-known nephropathy in T2D.
Morning Blood Pressure Surge and Cardiovascular Disease Events and All-Cause Mortality in Blacks
Authors: Booth John N. , Jaeger Byron C. , Huang Lei , Abdalla Marwah , Sims Mario , Butler Mark , Muntner Paul , Shimbo Daichi
Published: February 2020

The cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk associated with morning blood pressure (BP) surge and its components among black adults, a population with high BP during the asleep period, is unknown. We studied Jackson Heart Study participants who completed 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring at the baseline exam in 2000 to 2004 (n=761). The sleep-trough morning surge was calculated as the mean 2-hour postawakening systolic BP (SBP) minus the lowest nighttime SBP, preawakening morning surge as mean 2-hour postawakening SBP minus mean 2-hour preawakening SBP, and rising morning surge as the first postawakening SBP minus the last preawakening SBP. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CVD events including the composite of coronary heart disease or stroke. Over a median follow-up of 14.0 years, there were 74 CVD (coronary heart disease or stroke) events and 144 deaths. Higher tertiles of sleep-trough, preawakening, and rising SBP surge were not associated with CVD risk after multivariable adjustment. In contrast, the highest tertile of the individual components of morning surge, including postawakening SBP (tertiles 2 and 3 versus 1: hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.58 [0.71–3.53] and 4.04 [1.91–8.52], respectively), lowest nighttime SBP (1.29 [0.59–2.84] and 2.87 [1.41–5.83]), preawakening SBP (1.26 [0.57–2.80] and 2.79 [1.32–5.93]), first postawakening SBP (1.60 [0.73–3.51] and 2.93 [1.40–6.16]), and last preawakening SBP (1.23 [0.57–2.68] and 2.99 [1.46–6.12]), was associated with increased CVD risk after multivariable adjustment. Among black adults, the components of morning SBP surge, but not morning SBP surge itself, were associated with increased CVD risk.
The Role of Wind Speed and Wind Shear for Banner Cloud Formation
Authors: Wirth Volkmar , Bubel Pascal , Eichhorn Joachim , Schömer Elmar , Kremer Tobias , Erbes Rainer , Schappert Sebastian , Prestel Isabelle
Published: February 2020

Banner clouds are clouds that appear to be attached to the leeward face of a steep mountain. This paper investigates the role of wind speed and wind shear for the formation of banner clouds. Large-eddy simulations are performed to simulate the flow of dry air past an idealized pyramid-shaped mountain. The potential for cloud formation is diagnosed through the Lagrangian vertical parcel displacement, which in the case of a banner cloud shows a plume of large values in the lee of the mountain. In addition, vortical structures are visualized through streamlines and their curvature. A series of sensitivity experiments indicates that both the flow and the banner cloud occurrence are largely independent of the ambient wind speed U. On the other hand, the shear of the ambient wind has a profound impact on the location of the stagnation point on the windward face as well as on the flow geometry in the lee of the mountain. The relevant measure for shear is H/Hs, where H denotes the height of the mountain and Hs = U/Uz is the scale height of the shear (with Uz denoting the scale of the shear). The simulations are also used to compute the line-of-sight velocity component seen by a hypothetical Doppler wind lidar positioned in the lee of the mountain; the analysis suggests that such sensitivities can potentially be detected using modern wind lidar technology.
The Role of Radiation in Accelerating Tropical Cyclogenesis in Idealized Simulations
Authors: Smith Warren P. , Nicholls Melville E. , Pielke Roger A.
Published: February 2020

Recent numerical modeling studies indicate the importance of radiation in the transformation from a tropical disturbance to a tropical depression, a process known as tropical cyclogenesis. This paper employs a numerical modeling framework to examine the sensitivity to radiation in idealized simulations for different initial vortex strengths, and in doing so highlights when during tropical cyclogenesis radiation is most important. It is shown that all else being equal, a stronger initial vortex reduces the impact that radiation has on accelerating tropical cyclogenesis. We find that radiation’s primary role is to moisten the core of a disturbance through nocturnal differential radiative forcing between the disturbance and its cloud-free surroundings, and after sufficient moistening occurs over a deep layer and the winds are sufficiently strong at the surface, radiation no longer plays as significant a role in tropical cyclogenesis.
The Effect of Surface Drag Strength on Mesocyclone Intensification and Tornadogenesis in Idealized Supercell Simulations
Authors: Roberts Brett , Xue Ming , Dawson Daniel T.
Published: February 2020

A suite of six idealized supercell simulations is performed in which the surface drag coefficient Cd is varied over a range of values from 0 to 0.05 to represent a variety of water and land surfaces. The experiments employ a new technique for enforcing a three-force balance among the pressure gradient, Coriolis, and frictional forces so that the environmental wind profile can remain unchanged throughout the simulation. The initial low-level mesocyclone lowers toward the ground, intensifies, and produces a tornado in all experiments with Cd ≥ 0.002, with the intensification occurring earlier for larger Cd. In the experiment with Cd = 0, the low-level mesocyclone remains comparatively weak throughout the simulation and does not produce a tornado. Vertical cross sections through the simulated tornadoes reveal an axial downdraft that reaches the ground only in experiments with smaller Cd, as well as stronger corner flow in experiments with larger Cd. Material circuits are initialized enclosing the low-level mesocyclone in each experiment and traced backward in time. Circulation budgets for these circuits implicate surface drag acting in the inflow sector of the supercell as having generated important positive circulation, and its relative contribution increases with Cd. However, the circulation generation is similar in magnitude for the experiments with Cd = 0.02 and 0.05, and the tornado in the latter experiment is weaker. This suggests the possible existence of an optimal range of Cd values for promoting intense tornadoes within our experimental configuration.
A Mechanism for the Maintenance of Sharp Tropical Margins
Authors: Masunaga Hirohiko , Mapes Brian E.
Published: February 2020

The moist deep tropics are typically separated from the drier subtropics by a sharp horizontal gradient of moisture. The physical nature of this tropical margin is investigated by using A-Train satellite observations to reconstruct its composite mean quasi-meridional thermodynamic structure and processes. The margin is defined here as the most poleward position of a specified column water vapor (CWV) threshold along a satellite track. Multiple CWV thresholds are selected from 35 to 60 mm, bracketing the global tropics histogram minimum value of 48 mm. For all margin thresholds, CWV increases equatorward from the subtropics and eventually asymptotically approaches 48 mm far on the tropical side, apparently as a coincidence of composite averaging since values of 48 mm are infrequent as noted above. For all margin thresholds, precipitation peaks on the tropical side and then asymptotically approaches equatorward a value of 85 W m−2, equal to the evaporation asymptote. For the 48-mm threshold, total diabatic forcing of the air column (radiative heating plus surface latent and sensible heat fluxes) changes sign from positive on the tropical side to negative in the subtropics, with the main contrast in radiative heating, owing principally to the longwave effect of high clouds. An analytic two-vertical-mode model of equatorward-flowing air columns is fitted from the observations to elucidate the processes in a Lagrangian column transition. The model captures key features of the composite, and suggests that a key process in the abrupt moistening at the margin is bottom-heavy ascent growing upward beneath the deep subtropical subsidence.
Convectively Forced Diurnal Gravity Waves in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Ruppert James H. , Chen Xingchao , Zhang Fuqing
Published: February 2020

Long-lived, zonally propagating diurnal rainfall disturbances are a highly pronounced and common feature in the Maritime Continent (MC). A recent study argues that these disturbances can be explained as diurnally phase-locked gravity waves. Here we explore the origins of these waves through regional cloud-permitting numerical model experiments. The gravity waves are reproduced and isolated in the model framework through the combined use of realistic geography and diurnally cyclic lateral boundary conditions representative of both characteristic easterly and westerly background zonal flow regimes. These flow regimes are characteristic of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) suppressed and active phase in the MC, respectively. Tests are conducted wherein Borneo, Sumatra, or both islands and/or their orography are removed. These tests imply that the diurnal gravity waves are excited and maintained directly by latent heating from the vigorous mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that form nocturnally in both Borneo and Sumatra. Removing orography has only a secondary impact on both the MCSs and the gravity waves, implying that it is not critical to these waves. We therefore hypothesize that diurnal gravity waves are fundamentally driven by mesoscale organized deep convection, and are only sensitive to orography to the measure that the convection is affected by the orography and its mesoscale flows. Factor separation further reveals that the nonlinear interaction of synchronized diurnal cycles in Sumatra and Borneo slightly amplifies this gravity wave mode compared to if either island existed in isolation. This nonlinear feedback appears most prominently at longitudes directly between the two islands.
Underlying Fundamentals of Kalman Filtering for River Network Modeling
Authors: Emery Charlotte M. , David Cédric H. , Andreadis Konstantinos M. , Turmon Michael J. , Reager John T. , Hobbs Jonathan M. , Pan Ming , Famiglietti James S. , Beighley Edward , Rodell Matthew
Published: February 2020

The grand challenge of producing hydrometeorological estimates every time and everywhere has motivated the fusion of sparse observations with dense numerical models, with a particular interest on discharge in river modeling. Ensemble methods are largely preferred as they enable the estimation of error properties, but at the expense of computational load and generally with underestimations. These imperfect stochastic estimates motivate the use of correction methods, that is, error localization and inflation, although the physical justifications for their optimality are limited. The purpose of this study is to use one of the simplest forms of data assimilation when applied to river modeling and reveal the underlying mechanisms impacting its performance. Our framework based on assimilating daily averaged in situ discharge measurements to correct daily averaged runoff was tested over a 4-yr case study of two rivers in Texas. Results show that under optimal conditions of inflation and localization, discharge simulations are consistently improved such that the mean values of Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency are enhanced from −11.32 to 0.55 at observed gauges and from −12.24 to −1.10 at validation gauges. Yet, parameters controlling the inflation and the localization have a large impact on the performance. Further investigations of these sensitivities showed that optimal inflation occurs when compensating exactly for discrepancies in the magnitude of errors while optimal localization matches the distance traveled during one assimilation window. These results may be applicable to more advanced data assimilation methods as well as for larger applications motivated by upcoming river-observing satellite missions, such as NASA’s Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission.
Towards a Global Spectral Energy Budget for Internal Gravity Waves in the Ocean
Authors: Eden Carsten , Pollmann Friederike , Olbers Dirk
Published: February 2020

Energy transfers by internal gravity wave–wave interactions in spectral space are diagnosed from numerical model simulations initialized with realizations of the Garrett–Munk spectrum in physical space and compared with the predictions of the so-called scattering integral or kinetic equation. Averaging the random phase of the initialization, the energy transfers by wave–wave interactions in the model agree well with the predictions of the kinetic equation for certain ranges of frequency and wavenumbers. This validation allows now, in principle, the use of the energy transfers predicted by the kinetic equation to design a global spectral energy budget for internal gravity waves in the ocean where divergences of energy transports in physical and spectral space balance forcing, dissipation, the energy transfers by the wave–wave interactions, or the rate of change of the spectral wave energy. First global estimates show indeed accumulation of the wave energy in a range of latitude ϕ consistent with tidal waves at frequency ωT propagating toward the latitudinal window where 2 < ωT/f(ϕ) < 3, as predicted by the kinetic equation.
How Do Online Degrees Affect Labor Market Prospects? Evidence from a Correspondence Audit Study
Authors: Lennon Conor
Published: February 2020

This article reports the findings of a correspondence audit study that examines how online bachelor’s degrees affect labor market outcomes. The study involves sending 1,891 applications for real job openings using 100 fictitious applicant profiles. The applicant profiles are designed to be representative of recent college graduates from established universities. Using random assignment to degree type, applicant profiles that indicate a traditional (in-person) degree receive nearly twice as many callbacks as those that indicate an online degree. Findings suggest that, at least currently, completing an online degree program would significantly limit the labor market prospects of typical college students.
A Model of Professional Development on Phonics Instruction: A Case Study of One Midwestern District
Authors: Thoma Jennifer
Published: February 2020

This pilot study was an explanatory mixed-methods design to examine whether teachers changed instructional practices after adopting a new curriculum material to support the response to intervention (RTI) framework. In coordination with one rural school district which had implemented instructional intervention practices, the researcher observed classroom implementation of phonics intervention instruction in K–3 classrooms in four different elementary buildings. Teachers took a survey around professional development and instructional practices. Existing student data were used to answer the following research question: Do teachers’ instructional practices support the RTI framework after adopting new materials to support literacy interventions?