bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subgrid Turbulent Flux Models for Large Eddy Simulations of Diffusion Flames in Space Propulsion
Authors: Martinez-Sanchis Daniel , Sternin Andrej , Banik Sagnik , Haidn Oskar , Tajmar Martin
Published: April 2024

Subgrid scale models for unresolved turbulent fluxes are investigated with a focus on combustion for space propulsion applications. An extension to the gradient model is proposed, introducing a dependency on the local burning regime. The dynamic behavior of the model's coefficients is investigated, and scaling laws are studied. The discussed models are validated using a DNS database of a high-pressure turbulent fuel-rich methane-oxygen diffusion flame. The operating point and turbulence characteristics are selected to resemble those of modern combustors for space propulsion applications to support the future usage of the devised model in this context.
The Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Tribal Communities in Kerala: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bhagavathi Parambu Chaithra
Published: April 2024

The review addresses a critical research gap in ethnobotanical knowledge within Kerala's tribal communities. A scarcity of studies hampers our understanding of their traditional practices, risking cultural erosion and knowledge loss. Synthesizing existing documentation, it aims to provide a comprehensive overview, emphasizing the urgent need for further research to impact sustainable resource management, biodiversity conservation, and tribal empowerment.
The Electronic Properties Evolution of Tellurium Crystals with Plasma Irradiation Treatment
Authors: Bi Congzhi , Wu Tianyu , Shao Jingjing , Jing Pengtao , Xu Hai , Xu Jilian , Guo Wenxi , Liu Yufei , Zhan Da
Published: April 2024

Tellurium exhibits exceptional intrinsic electronic properties. However, investigations into the modulation of tellurium's electronic properties through physical modification are notably scarce. Here, we present a comprehensive study focused on the evolution of the electronic properties of tellurium crystal flakes under plasma irradiation treatment by employing conductive atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The plasma-treated tellurium experienced a process of defect generation through lattice broken. Prior to the degradation of electronic transport performance due to plasma irradiation treatment, a remarkable observation emerged: in the low-energy region of hydrogen plasma-treated tellurium, a notable enhancement in conductivity was unexpectedly detected. The mechanism underlying this enhancement in electronic transport performance was thoroughly elucidated by comparing it with the electronic structure induced by argon plasma irradiation. This study not only fundamentally uncovers the effects of plasma irradiation on tellurium crystal flakes, but also unearths an unprecedented trend of enhanced electronic transport performance at low irradiation energies when utilizing hydrogen plasma. This abnormal trend bears significant implications for guiding the prospective application of tellurium-based 2D materials in the realm of electronic devices.
Effects of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac Pre-treatment on Viability and Apoptosis Processes in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Adamickova Adriana , Gažová Andrea , Adamicka Matus , CHomanicova Nikola , Valaskova Simona , Salingova Barbara , Molitorisová Miroslava , Cervenak Zdenko , Danisovic Lubos , Kyselovic Jan
Published: April 2024

Stem cell-based regeneration strategies have shown therapeutic efficacy in various fields of regenerative medicine. These include bone healing after bone augmentation, often complicated by pain, that is managed by using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDSs). Information is limited about how NSAIDSs affect the therapeutic potential of stem cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ibuprofen and diclofenac in low and high therapeutic doses on the properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the dental pulp (DPSCs) and cultured in vitro. Ibuprofen and diclofenac significantly reduced the viability of DPSCs, while the expression of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers was unaffected. Both ibuprofen and diclofenac treatment significantly upregulated the expression of HGF, while the expression of VEGFA remained unchanged. Ibuprofen significantly altered the expression of several apoptosis-related genes, including upregulation of CASP9 and BCL2, with decreased CASP3 expression. BAK, CASP3, CASP9, and BCL2 expressions were significantly increased in the diclofenac-treated DPSCs, while no difference was demonstrated in BAX expression. Our results suggest that concomitant use of the NSAIDSs ibuprofen or diclofenac with stem cell therapy may negatively impact cell viability and alter the expression of apoptosis-related genes, which can affect the efficacy of stem cell therapy.
Effects of Crystallinity and Branched Chain on Thermal Degradation of Polyethylene
Authors: Zeng Shumao , Lu Diannan , Yang Rui
Published: April 2024

As a widely used plastic, the aging and degradation of polyethylene (PE) are inevitable problems, whether the goal is to prolong the life of PE products or address the issue of white pollution. Molecular simulation is a vital scientific tool in elucidating the mechanisms and processes of chemical reactions. To obtain the distribution and evolution process of PE's thermal oxidation products, this work employs the self-consistent charge density functional tight binding (SCC-DFTB) method to perform molecular simulations of the thermal oxidation of PE with different crystallinity and branched structures. We discovered that crystallinity does not affect the thermal oxidation mechanism of PE, but higher crystallinity makes PE more susceptible to cross-linking and carbon chain growth, reducing the degree of PE carbon chain breakage. The branched structure of PE results in differences in pore size between the carbon chains, with larger pores leading to a concentrated distribution of O2 and free radicals subsequently formed. The breakdown of PE is slowed down when free radicals are localized in low-density regions of the carbon chain. The specifics and mechanism of PE's thermal oxidation are clearly revealed in this paper, which is essential for understanding the process in-depth and for the development of anti-aging PE products.
Ethics in the Food Ecosystem from Research to Consumption in Conjunction with Oral Health Significance for Sustainability and Spirituality Purposes—Mouth: The Sacred Gateway
Authors: Varzakas Theodoros , Antoniadou Maria
Published: April 2024

Keywords: food ecosystem, food chain, food morality, ethics, oral health, systemic health, diet habits, spirituality, sustainability
Extraction and Purification of Catechins from Tea Leaves: An Overview of Methods, Advantages, and Disadvantages
Authors: Cioanca Oana , Lungu Ionut-Iulian , Mita-Baciu Ioana , Robu Silvia , Burlec Ana Flavia , Hancianu Monica , Crivoi Florina
Published: April 2024

This study explores the complexities involved in the extraction and purification of catechins, prominent bioactive compounds found in plant extracts and tea. It addresses challenges arising from the intricate molecular structure of catechins and their inherent variability across botanical sources. Despite these obstacles, catechins present significant potential, particularly in healthcare. Their potent antioxidant properties have been extensively investigated and associated with numerous health benefits, positioning them as promising therapeutic agents for combating chronic diseases. Furthermore, catechins have diverse applications across various industries, including food and beverage, cosmetics, agriculture, and materials science. This abstract emphasizes the importance of continued research and innovation in catechin extraction and utilization, which hold promise for advancing human health and technological progress across multiple domains.
Composites of Betalain Dye and Wide-Energy Gap Polymers for Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Amin Peshawa O. , Muhammadsharif Fahmi F. , Saeed Salah Raza , Ketuly Kamal Aziz
Published: April 2024

Organic solar cells are contributing extensively to the production of future large area and cost-effective sources of renewable energy with a compact environmental impact. Moreover, due to tunable optical properties of the active medium, the semi-transparent organic solar cell can be fabricated and become a promising nominee for building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), vehicles, and mobile electronic devices. Therefore, three newly synthesized polymers used as were host materials for the active medium and blended with beetroot dye. Hence, based on BHJ structure two ternary systems have been constructed and utilized to fabricate semitransparent solar cells and characterized. The results show that the natural dye has a crucial impact on solar cell characteristic parameters. Consequently, large value of V_OC close to 1V were obtained for ternary systems and acceptor material named PINDOLE exhibits potentials for electron transport layer (ETL) and shows an improvement in both fill factor and device efficiency.
Personalized Hydration Strategy Improved Fluid Balance and Intermittent Exercise Performance In The Heat
Authors: Li Haicheng , Early Kate S. , Zhang Guangxia , Ma Pengwei , Wang Haoyan
Published: April 2024

Sweat rate and electrolyte losses have a large inter-individual variability, a personalized approach to hydration can overcome this issue to meet an individual’s needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of personalized hydration strategy (PHS) on fluid balance and intermittent exercise performance. Twelve participants conducted 11 laboratory visits including a VO2max test and two 5-day trial arms under normothermic (NOR) or hyperthermic (HYP) environmental conditions. Each arm began with 3-day of familiarization exercise following by two random exercise trials with a either PHS or control (CON). Then, participants crossed-over to the second arm for: NOR+PHS, NOR+CON, HYP+PHS, and HYP+CON. The PHS was prescribed according to participants’ fluid and sweat sodium losses. CON drank ad-libitum of commercially-available electrolyte solution. Exercise trials consisted of two phases: 1) 45min constant workload; 2) high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT) until exhaustion. PHS had a significantly greater fluid intake compared to CON. HYP+CON produced the lowest sweat sodium concentration. HYP+PHS had a lower thirst perception and a longer HIIT compared to HYP+CON. Thus, PHS reinforces fluid intake and successfully optimizes hydration status, regardless of environmental conditions. PHS may be or is an important factor to preventing negative physiological consequences during high-intensity exercise in the heat.
Determination of Microplastics in Omega-3 Oil Supplements
Authors: Kim Moonhae , Kim Juyang , Park Seulah , Kim Dowoon , Jung Jaehak , Cho Dongha
Published: April 2024

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment poses a threat to ecosystems and increases concerns about their exposure to the human body. However, despite being consumed for health improvement, limited research has been conducted on MPs in functional foods. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of MPs and the relation of the source of raw material or the manufacture in various omega-3 oil in the Korean market. MPs in omega-3 capsule and raw oil, sourced from both plant-based (PB) and animal-based (AB) sources, were investigated. We developed the method by direct filtration with acetone washing and analyzed MPs greater than 5 μm using microscope-Raman spectroscopy. The average number of MPs was found to be 1.2 ± 1.7 MPs/g for PB raw oil, 2.2 ± 1.7 MPs/g for AB raw oil, 3.5 ± 3.9 MPs/g for PB capsule oil, and 10.6 ± 8.9 MPs/g for AB capsule oil. Polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate were major specious (83-95 %) found in omega-3 oil. The ratio of size range remained consistent across all groups, with a trend of higher detection rates as the size diminished. The results reveal that the main reason of MPs contamination is not the source of raw material but the manufacturing and packaging process for omega-3 oil.
Factors Influencing Rental Investments in Paphos, Cyprus: Comparing Short and Long-Term Rental Strategies
Authors: Martin Sam , Dimopoulos Thomas , Katafygiotou Martha
Published: April 2024

Understanding the optimal strategy for a real estate investment and how performance changes based on characteristics is crucial for optimising the achievable return. This is prominent in tourist areas such as Paphos where there is no clear distinction as to whether short or long-term approaches are optimal. The study aimed to develop a model for predicting the optimal rental strategy whilst assessing which model performed best and which property attributes impacted its return the greatest. Short-term data was collected from AirDNA and long-term data was manually collected from real estate agents websites. Furthermore, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbour and Multiple Linear Regression models were created to predict the highest and best use for each property. Model accuracy varied between data sets with the best performing model for short-term properties being Random Forest (R-Squared: 0.843), and Distance-Based Multiple Linear Regression for long-term approach (R-Squared: 0.843). The study demonstrated that accurate models could be created to predict the optimal rental strategy with the number of bedrooms being the main driver for rental income, followed by luxury finishes and the presence of a pool. It found that locational characteristics didn’t impact the returns significantly assuming that the property was located within a tourist area.
Accumulation of Alpha-Synuclein and Increase in the Inflammatory Response in the Substantia Nigra, Jejunum, and Colon, in a Model of O3 Pollution in Rats
Authors: Valdés-Fuentes Marlen , Rodríguez-Martínez Erika , Rivas-Arancibia Selva
Published: April 2024

This work aimed to study the effect of repeated exposure to low doses of ozone on alpha-synuclein and the inflammatory response in the substantia nigra, jejunum, and colon. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: The control group was exposed to air. Ozone groups were exposed for 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days for 0.25 ppm. for four hours daily. Afterward, they were anesthetized, and their tissues were extracted and processed using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. The results indicate a significant increase in alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra and jejunum from 7 to 60 days of exposure, an increase in NFκB from 7 to 90 days in the substantia nigra, while in the jejunum, a significant increase is observed at 7 and 15 days and a decrease at 60 and 90 days for the colon. Interleukin IL-17 shows an increase at 90 days in the substantia nigra in the jejunum and increases at 30 days and in the colon at 15 and 90 days. Exposure to ozone increases the presence of al-pha-synuclein and the loss of regulation of the inflammatory response, which contributes significantly to degenerative processes.
Review of Joint Radar, Communication, and Integration of Beam-forming Technology
Authors: HUSSAIN KHURSHID , OH INN-YEAL
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we dive into the exciting world of wireless communication, focusing on how millimeter-wave technology and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output phased array antennas are shaping the future of 5G and the upcoming 6G technologies. We cover the latest advancements in millimeter-wave and beam-forming technologies, emphasizing their role in enhancing network security and efficiency in automotive vehicles through dual radar communication. Our discussion spans the benefits, applications, challenges, and solutions of these technologies individually from millimeter-wave to beam-forming technology and joint radar communications, alongside a look at their theoretical and practical implementations. We emphasize the integration of beam-forming technology in joint radar communications for future automotive vehicles and its impact on automotive systems, smart cities, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Looking ahead, we discuss the potential of these technologies to transform future tech landscapes, while also addressing the security implications of merging communication and radar capabilities. This paper aims to provide a clear view of the advancements and prospects of millimeter-wave, beam-forming, and dual radar communication technologies.
Understanding the Immune System’s Intricate Balance: Activation, Tolerance, and Self-Protection
Authors: Hu Wan-Chung
Published: April 2024

The mechanism of immune activation and de-activation is very important. Host should trigger effective immunity against pathogen infection. And, host cannot trigger immunity against self-antigens that will lead to detrimental autoimmune disorders. Spleen and liver have opposite roles in mediating immune responses. Spleen is the organ involving in immune activation, and liver is the organ involving in immune de-activation. Sympathetic nerve system and parasympathetic nerve system have opposite roles in mediating immune responses. Sympathetic nerve system is involving in pro-inflammatory, and parasympathetic nerve system is involving in anti-inflammatory. ACTH and glucocorticosteroid have opposite roles in mediating immune responses. ACTH is involving in activating adaptive immunity with inhibiting innate immunity, and glucocorticosteroid is involving in activating innate immunity with inhibiting adaptive immunity. The molecular chaperons, heat shock proteins, which are induced by fever, have the vital roles in immune activation. On the contrary, IgD B cells and gamma-delta T cells are causing immune de-activation via the mechanism of clonal anergy. These mechanism can help us the know the work of immunological pathways better for better control of infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders.
Solar Wind Charge-Exchange X-ray Emissions from the O5+ Ions in the Earth’s Magnetosheath
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , He Fei , Zhang Xiao-Xin , Liang Guiyun , Wang Xueyi , Wei Yong
Published: April 2024

The spectra and global distributions of the X-ray emissions generated by the solar wind charge-exchange (SWCX) process in the terrestrial magnetosheath are investigated based on a global hybrid model and a global geocoronal hydrogen model. The solar wind O6+ ions which are the primary charge state for oxygen ions in solar wind are considered. The line emissivity of the charge-exchange born O5+ ions are calculated by Spectral Analysis System for Astrophysical and Lab oratory (SASAL). It is found that the emission lines from the O5+ ranges from 105.607 to 118.291 eV with the strong line at 107.047 eV. We then simulated the magnetosheath X-ray emission intensity distributions with a virtual camera at two positions of north pole and dusk at six stages during the passing of a perpendicular interplanetary shock combined with a tangential discontinuity structure through the Earth’s magnetosphere. During this process, the X-ray emission intensity increases with time, and the maximum value is 27.11 keV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 on the dayside, which is 4.5 times that before the solar wind structure reaches the Earth. A clear shock structure can be seen in the magnetosheath and moves earthward. The maximum emission intensity seen at dusk is always higher than that seen at north pole.
BDNF Modulation by microRNAs: An Update on the Experimental Evidence
Authors: de Assis Gilmara Gomes , Murawska-cialowicz Eugenia
Published: April 2024

Abstract: MicroRNAs can interfere with a protein function by suppressing their messenger RNA translation or the synthesis of its related factors. The function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential to the proper formation and function of the nervous system and is seen to be regulated by many microRNAs. However, understanding how microRNAs influence BDNF actions within cells requires a wider comprehension of their integrative regulatory mechanisms. Aim: In this literature review, we have synthesized the evidence of microRNA regulation on BDNF in cells and tissues, and provided an analytical discussion about direct and indirect mechanisms that appeared involved in BDNF regulation by microRNAs. Methods: Searches were conducted on PubMed.gov using the terms “BDNF” AND “MicroRNA” and “brain-derived neurotrophic factor” AND “MicroRNA”, updated on September 1st, 2023. Papers without open access were requested from the authors. One hundred and seventy-one papers were included for review and discussion. Results and Discussion: The local regulation of BDNF by microRNAs involves a complex interaction between a series of microRNAs with target proteins that can either inhibit or enhance BDNF expression, at the core of cell metabolism. Therefore, understanding this homeostatic balance provides resources for the future development of vector-delivery-based therapies for the neuroprotective effects of BDNF.
Prevalence of developmental disorders in children with type 1 diabetes depending on the degree of its compensation
Authors:   Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Chebargina M.A. , Senkevich O.A. ,   Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Ulyanova E.A. ,   Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Gulomova A.M. ,   Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents. Patients with T1D have traditionally been thought to have lower BMI, however recent research has demonstrated a high prevalence of overweight and obesity with the development of metabolic syndrome. Objective. To study the characteristics of physical development of children with T1D depending on the degree of its compensation. Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of children with T1D aged 7 to 17 years (n = 318) who underwent routine inpatient examination and treatment in the pediatric department of the Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital of Khabarovsk Krai between 2018 and 2023 was performed. Depending on the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), children were divided into three study groups: group 1 (n = 40) – HbA1c less than 7%, group 2 (n = 100) – HbA1c from 7.1 to 8.5%, group 3 (n = 178) – HbA1c over 8.5%. Physical development was assessed according to the WHO standards. Results. The analysis of physical development of all children without considering the degree of diabetes compensation showed that malnutrition was observed in 1.9% of patients, overweight in 17.0% and obesity in 1.6%, tall stature was diagnosed in 2.8%, reduced growth rate and short stature were determined in 11.6% and 1.9%, respectively. It should be emphasized that HAZ and BAZ values greater than +2 and less than -2 were not recorded in patients with achieved target HbA1c levels. The incidence of reduced growth rate and malnutrition was 3 and 2 times higher in the group of children with decompensated diabetes, respectively, compared to those with HbA1c below 8.5% (OR = 2.959, 95% CI: 1.403-6.239; OR = 2.076, 95% CI: 1.018-4.235). Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the predominance of anthropometric deviations in children with uncompensated diabetes, which requires the identification of measures to achieve target HbA1c levels for the prevention of developmental disorders. Key words: glycated hemoglobin, children, type 1 diabetes, physical development
Lotus Seed Tempeh Innovation to Increasing Local Food Availability Through Sustainable Alternatives
Authors: Khosyiati Nur Evirda , Setiawan Rizal Justian , Ma'ruf Khakam , Azizah Nur
Published: April 2024

Limited food availability poses a significant challenge in keeping pace with rapid population growth. The impact is seen in the 30.8% of children under five in Indonesia who are stunted, signaling a serious nutritional problem. To solve this problem, it is important to find solutions that are healthy and affordable for the community. One of Indonesia's popular, affordable and versatile specialties is tempeh. However, the high consumption of tempeh poses a problem of domestic soybean availability for producers, prompting the search for alternative ingredients in the manufacture of tempeh. Lotus Fruit Seeds (Nymphaea sp.) were identified as a potential substitute for soybeans in making tempeh. The 71.06% carbohydrate and 10.86% protein content in these seeds offers an attractive alternative. This study attempted to use lotus fruit seeds as a raw material for tempeh, while gauging public responses to this product in terms of color, price, taste and aroma. Based on the results of the proximate analysis, the best experiment for processing tempeh from lotus seeds is boiling twice for 15 minutes each, because it can produce a high amount of protein, 37.38%. This study tried to use lotus fruit seeds as raw material for tempeh, while measuring public response to this product in terms of color, price, taste, and aroma. The results showed that tempeh from lotus fruit seeds has similar characteristics to soybean tempeh, the process of making tempeh from lotus seeds is relatively similar to soybean tempeh, although further research is needed to optimize the use of lotus. This has the potential to increase the economic value of lotus into a more meaningful alternative in food fulfillment in Indonesia.
A crystalline stannyne
Authors: Liu Liu Leo , Wang Xin-Feng , Hu Chaopeng , Li Jiancheng , Wei Rui , Zhang Xin
Published: April 2024

The synthesis of heteronuclear alkyne analogs incorporating heavier group 14 elements (R1−C≡E−R2, E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) has posed a longstanding challenge, with no previous reports on isolable compounds of this nature. Until now, neutral silynes (R1−C≡Si(L)−R2) and germynes (R1−C≡Ge(L)−R2) stabilized by a Lewis base have achieved sufficient stability for structural characterization at low temperatures. Here we show the isolation of a base-free stannyne (R1−C≡Sn−R2) at room temperature, achieved through the strategic use of a bulky cyclic phosphino ligand in combination with a bulky terphenyl substituent. Despite an allenic structure with strong delocalization of π-electrons, this compound exhibits adjacent ambiphilic carbon and tin centers, forming a unique carbon-tin multiple bond with ionic character. The stannyne demonstrates reactivity similar to carbenes or stannylenes, reacting with 1-adamantyl isocyanide and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Additionally, its carbon-tin bond can be saturated by Et3N·HCl or cleaved by isopropyl isocyanate.
The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Patients after Cardiac Surgery: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Xuyang , Li Sijie , Yang Jinrong , Yan Xiang , Gao Jie , Jia XiuQin , Zuo long , Wu Anshi , Wei Changwei
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders(PND)is one of the most common postoperative complications among elderly patients (above 65 years old) undergoing cardiac surgery. However, thus far, there have not been any effective therapies for managing PND. Recent research has shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) alters brain plasticity and improves cognitive function in several neurodegenerative disorders and psychiatric disorders. However, the potential benefits of rTMS in reducing PND in patients undergoing cardiac surgery have not been investigated. Therefore, the current protocol is designed to determine whether rTMS can reduce the incidence of PND in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods and analysis: The study will be a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Participants undergoing elective cardiac surgery will be randomized to receive either rTMS or sham stimulation with a focal figure of eight coils over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A series of neuropsychological tests will be completed to evaluate cognitive function in surgery patients before, on day 7, and on day 30 after cardiac surgery. The primary outcome is the prevalence of PND in cardiac surgery patients. The secondary outcomes will be the incidence of postoperative delirium, pain, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, activities of daily living, length of hospital stay and ICU length of stay, and rate of complication and mortality during the hospital stay. Ethics and dissemination: Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Ethics Committee approved this study and has number 2022-ke-487. It is registered with Clinical Trials (trial number NCT 05668559). Informed consent must be provided by all participants. The study result will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number: NCT05668559
Apoptosis Triggering in Breast Cancer Cells with Co-delivery of Melatonin and Doxorubicin Loaded into Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes
Authors: Shirzad Moein , Daraei Abdolreza , Najafzadehvarzi Hossein , Farnoush Nazila , Parsian Hadi
Published: April 2024

Background
In recent years, numerous efforts have been dedicated to reducing the side effects of doxorubicin (DOX). Exosomes (EXOs), as extracellular vesicles (EVs), can play a role in the safe transport of DOX in breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to alleviate the adverse effects associated with DOX while enhancing its targeted delivery to cancer cells through the codelivery of melatonin (MEL) as an antioxidant and DOX into EXOs-derived from human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs).
Methods
MSCs were isolated from liposuction samples using collagenase II enzyme, and stemness markers were evaluated by flow cytometry. EXOs were extracted from conditioned A-MSCs media through ultracentrifugation, and surface markers were evaluated by western blotting, DLS and TEM. The absorption and release of EXOs in cells were investigated using PKH-26 dye and UV–Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. DOX and MEL were loaded into EXOs using the sonication method, and their cytotoxic effects on normal and cancer cells were evaluated using the MTT test. Additionally, the expression of p53, NANOG, and miR-34a genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR, and apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry and acridine/orange dye.
Results
It was observed that they exhibited remarkable stability under pH ~ 7.4 while displaying a high release rate under low pH conditions commonly found within cancerous environments (pH ~ 5.0). Cellular uptake experiments revealed a substantial percentage of internalization. Cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrated that co-delivery of DOX and MEL into EXOs (Exo-DOX-MEL) enhanced their toxicity towards normal MCF-10A and A-MSC cells, while exhibiting greater lethality towards MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cancer cells. In normal cells, Exo-DOX-MEL augmented the effects of DOX, leading to increased expression of p53 and miR-34a and decreased expression of NANOG, particularly in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells. Apoptotic analysis validated the favorable outcomes associated with Exo-DOX-MEL, which enhanced DOX efficacy in cancer cells while reducing apoptosis in normal cells compared to the administration of free DOX.
Conclusions
Exo-DOX-MEL appears to enhance the destructive effects of DOX in cancer cells, particularly those resistant to chemotherapy such as MDA-MB231 cells. It also plays a protective role in normal cells, which could be crucial in the treatment of drug resistance and the side effects caused by DOX.
Large contribution of the sea-ice zone to Southern Ocean carbon export revealed by BGC-Argo floats
Authors: Liniger Guillaume , Moreau Sébastien , Lannuzel Delphine , Strutton Peter
Published: April 2024

The Southern Ocean (south of 30°S) contributes significantly to global ocean carbon uptake through the solubility pump and phytoplankton productivity. Many studies have estimated carbon export to the deep ocean, but very few have attempted a basin-scale perspective. In this study, we use an extensive array of BGC-Argo floats to improve previous estimates of carbon export across basins and frontal zones, with a focus on the sea-ice zone (SIZ). We find that the SIZ contributes 33% of the 5.08 PgC y− 1 total Southern Ocean carbon export. We also show that subsurface carbon respiration, not flux out of the surface ocean, contributes most strongly to the temporal and spatial variability of carbon export. Our work highlights the importance of closely monitoring the SIZ to accurately quantify the total Southern Ocean carbon sink, especially as the SIZ is prone to strong interannual variability. Tightening these estimates and their drivers ultimately impacts our understanding of climate variability at the global ocean scale.
Highly Efficient Degradation of Methyl Orange by g-C3N4 Nanosheets Doped with Noble Metal Silver Under Simulated Sunlight
Authors: Zhang SiYu , Zhu HuaYing , Sun JiaLing , Lin Chunling , Xue Dan , Lu Xingyu
Published: April 2024

Photocatalytic technologies capable of using solar energy for environmental restoration have much progressed with the increasing environmental concern.In this investigation,novel Ag@g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized by thermal polycondensation and simple liquid phase reduction method with g-C3N4 using melamine and urea as nitrogen sources. A series of characterization for Ag@g-C3N4 nanocomposites was carried out by X-ray polycrystalline diffraction electron microscopy、UV diffuse reflection and Physical adsorption. The electrochemical properties of the composite materials were studied by open circuit potential and AC impedance. The technolgy for degradation of methyl orange solution stimulated waste water was studied, the best conditions of processing were obtained: The Ag@g-C3N4 nanocomposites concentration of which is 0.2 g/L,the of the volume of 30% H2O2 was 30 ml/L and time of degradation was 3h. The study revealed that the catalysts prepared have optical light-absorbing property, high surface area, and stability. The results were shown that g-C3N4@Ag nanocomposite can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and their electron transfer ability and photocatalytic characteristics are better than g-C3N4 nanosheets for novel metal Ag. Most notably, with preserved reactivities, this heterogeneous Ag@g-C3N4 composite can be used at least 5 times. Advantages of this method are green solvent, mild condition and reusable catalyst.
Developing a quality indicator framework for One Stop Crisis Centre (OSCC) services in Malaysia: A study protocol
Authors: Oon Siti Waringin , Oon Siti Waringin , Rahman Nik Hisamuddin Nik Abd , Yaacob Normalinda
Published: April 2024

Background
Assessing the quality of care especially for One Stop Crisis Centre (OSCC) services has become increasingly important due to the demand for OSCC services increasing each year. In addition, the OSCC has been established in Malaysia since 1994 but until today there is no mechanism for monitoring processes to be developed and it is timely to assess their services properly. This study aims to develop the quality indicators (QI) framework for OSCC services in Malaysia.
Methods
This study will use the design and development research technique and the protocol will be conducted in three phases: Phase 1 for need analysis, Phase 2 for design and development of QI, and Phase 3 for the validation and usability process.
The subjects of this study will involve experts in OSCC services including healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, medical social workers), police officers, social welfare officers, and non-governmental organization (NGO) personnel. Fifty respondents from various groups will be recruited in this study.
Discussion
The QIs developed through this study will be evidence-based and balanced across the areas of structures, processes and outcomes. The rigorous methodology used to develop and test the QI framework will result in QIs that are meaningful, valid, feasible to collect and efficiently measurable, amenable to improvement, and selected by experts in OSCC services. The final QI framework can support comparison, benchmarking and optimization for OSCCs to provide the best services for their clients.
Computing psycholinguistic analysis by examining topic modelling and sentiment analysis during COVID-19: changes in wording and emotions for public health
Authors: Figueiredo Sandra
Published: April 2024

Between 2020 and 2022, lockdown and restraining measures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in daily routines and also in language usage. At certain points during the pandemic, populations in some countries were unwilling or unlikely to respond to government messages, either because of the tone and analytic discourse used by leaders, or because they did not understand the messages. Linguistic markers and meanings were therefore linked to low levels of engagement, negative emotions and high levels of analytical thinking, especially in relation to the discourses of influential global speakers. We subjected sixteen speeches by eight country leaders to topic modelling and sentiment analysis in order to understand how the psychological functions of language were affected during two different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this topic analysis we organize 39,073 words collected from sixteen authentic speeches delivered in two different periods of the acute phase of the pandemic. These were encoded in the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count program (LIWC), with the main aim being to identify differences between the periods. We examined the following aspects: (1) the emotional tone, analytical thinking and clout (empathy dimension); (2) the changes in these three dimensions or factors between periods 1 and 2 (February and May 2020). We observed a negative relationship between emotional tone and analytical thinking and a positive relationship between clout and emotional tone. When we considered the changes in pandemic circumstances, the psycholinguistic profiles of eight country leaders demonstrated fluctuations in language and emotions. Further reviews and research should focus on the current language and deficit wording of this population (leaders). We also note that psychologists and schoolteachers can play an important role in supporting language programmes with positive wording and by emphasising the collateral effects of face-to-face classes when teaching children to read and write.
Will ‘o the Wisps: non-traditional data to inform modern science
Authors: Miner Kimberley , Wong Ethan , Gay Bradley , Miller Charles
Published: April 2024

The modern climate is changing faster and on larger spatial scales than ever in human history. Though the modern instrument-based record of Earth observations reflects decades of critical work, multi-century time series may be required to understand and forecast key elements of Earth system dynamics. Here, we explore the utility of non-traditional climate data records – observations reported without using modern instruments or standardized measurement protocols – to illuminate important patterns of climate change that predate modern methodologies and tools. We compile a list of diverse datasets collected during the past 500 years including landscape paintings, sea lore, and fish haul data. This initial review and analysis present novel possibilities for scientists across regions and disciplines to reconstruct past climate in ways that complement more traditional methods.
Theoretical and Numerical Analyses of Multilayer Left-handed Metamaterial Optical Waveguide Structure with a Localized Arbitrary Kerr-type Nonlinear Guiding Film
Authors: Wu Yaw-Dong , Xu Yi-Jun
Published: April 2024

We propose theoretical and numerical analyses of multilayer left-handed metamaterial (LHM) optical waveguide structures with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method has not been reported before. It gives detailed modal analyses of TE-polarized waves in the proposed photonic metamaterial slab optical waveguide structures. The analytical results are accompanied by some numerical examples. The method can also be degenerated to analyze planar conventional optical waveguide structures with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film. It can also help researchers to calculate the evolutions of TE waves propagating in the proposed waveguide structures. Based on this method, the analysis and calculation of planar LHM multilayer slab optical waveguide structure with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film and planar conventional multilayer slab optical waveguide structure with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film can be achieved easily.
Groundwater Potential Assessment Using Integrated 2D and 3D Electrical Tomography and 2D Gravity Modeling: A Case of Burka Uke Catchment, West Ethiopia
Authors: Adugna Imiru , Lamessa Geremew
Published: April 2024

Uke Town's expanding infrastructure and growing population necessitate a larger water supply for agricultural and drinking uses. As a result, the goal of the research is to map the aquifer in the Burka Uke catchment in West Ethiopia by determining the depth of the basement rocks, the resistivity and density of subsurface layers, their thickness, and the structural components. In order to identify the potential for groundwater and the structural components that regulate the geometry of groundwater aquifers in the region, the study combines integrated electrical resistivity tomography with gravity modeling. Low resistivity variation in the subsurface is revealed by the resistivity profile studies (1, 4, and 6), suggesting the existence of possible groundwater aquifers. The stark difference in resistivity values between 498 and 1612 ohm.m. is thought to indicate a high fracture density, which could indicate the presence of geological structures that could support the buildup of groundwater. Additionally, the entire Bouguer gravity anomaly image, which is separated into regional and residual components, displays values ranging from 51.79 to 41.59 mGal. Fault elements have been identified using the residual gravity anomaly map; fault elements that strike from south to north have been mapped in this study. Furthermore, the outcomes of 2D and 3D electrical tomography as well as 2D gravity modeling along B-B' show that the aquifer extends far across the research area in a North-South direction.
Interleukin-15-armored GPC3-CAR T cells for patients with solid cancers
Authors: Heczey Andras , Steffin David , Ghatwai Nisha , Montalbano Antonino , Rathi Purva , Courtney Amy , Arnett Azlann , Fleurence Julien , Sweidan Ramy , wang tao , Zhang Huimin , Masand Prakash , Maris John , Martinez Dan , Pogoriler Jennier , Varadarajan Navin , Thakkar Sachin , Lyon Deborah , Lapteva Natasha , Zhuyong Mei , Patel Kalyani , Lopez-Terrada Dolores , Ramos Carlos , Lulla Premal , Armaghany Tannaz , Grilley Bambi , Dotti Gianpietro , Metelitsa Leonid , Heslop Helen , Brenner Malcolm , Sumazin Pavel
Published: April 2024

Interleukin-15 (IL15) promotes the survival of T lymphocytes and enhances the antitumor properties of CAR T cells in preclinical models of solid neoplasms in which CAR T cells have limited efficacy1-4. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is expressed in a group of solid cancers5-10, and here we report the first evaluation in humans of the effects of IL15 co-expression on GPC3-CAR T cells. Cohort 1 patients (NCT02905188/NCT02932956) received GPC3-CAR T cells, which were safe but produced no objective antitumor responses and reached peak expansion at two weeks. Cohort 2 patients (NCT05103631/NCT04377932) received GPC3-CAR T cells that co-expressed IL15 (15.CAR), which mediated significantly increased cell expansion and induced a disease control rate of 66% and antitumor response rate of 33%. Infusion of 15.CAR T cells was associated with increased incidence of cytokine release syndrome, which was rapidly ameliorated by activation of the inducible caspase 9 safety switch. Compared to non-responders, tumor-infiltrating 15.CAR T cells from responders showed repression of SWI/SNF epigenetic regulators and upregulation of FOS and JUN family members as well as genes related to type I interferon signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IL15 increases the expansion, intratumoral survival, and antitumor activity of GPC3-CAR T cells in patients.
Do randomised clinical trials on dental caries adopt Open Science Practices?
Authors: Acosta Carolina P. , Cenci Jaisson , Brondani Bruna , Elagami Rokaia A. , Pereira-Cenci Tatiana , Cenci Maximiliano S. , Huysmans Marie-Charlotte D. N. J. M. , Raggio Daniela P. , Braga Mariana M. , Mendes Fausto Medeiros
Published: April 2024

Background
Open Science Practices (OSPs) are essential when assessing research integrity and quality of Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs). As dental caries represents a significant oral health burden, our objective was to identify and analyse the adoption of OSPs within RCTs focused on addressing this disease.
Methods
We searched PubMed to retrieve RCTs related to dental caries published from 2000 to March 2022. Two independent researchers assessed a random sample of these manuscripts to evaluate their eligibility until reaching the minimum sample size. Then, the same examiners reviewed the included texts regarding the OSPs adopted in the manuscripts. The collected variables related to OSPs were reporting guidelines, protocol registration, detailed methodology available, open-source software, statistical analysis code sharing, statistical analysis plan, data sharing, open peer review, and open access. Association analyses using logistic regression were conducted considering the publication year, the continent of the first author, impact factor and open-access policy of the journals (explanatory variables), and adoption of at least one OSP or one OSP other than open access (outcomes). The recommendations for adopting OSPs were assessed by reviewing the “Instructions for Authors” section of the most frequently used journals where the included papers were published.
Results
64.8% of the manuscripts (95% Confidence Interval = 59.3–70.1%) adopted at least one OSP. However, no individual OSP was adopted by more than 50% of the manuscripts. The most adopted practices were protocol registration (37.1%), the use of reporting guidelines (33.1%) and publishing open access (37.3%). These are also the OSPs most often recommended by journals in the Instructions for Authors. A few manuscripts adopted other practices. Older manuscripts presented a lower frequency of adopting these practices, and manuscripts published in higher impact factor journals were positively associated with both outcomes.
Conclusion
The RCTs published on dental caries demonstrate a low frequency of adoption of most OSPs. However, a trend toward increased adoption of these practices has been notable in recent years.