bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Representation without Colonisation? (Or, Nature Represents Itself)
Authors: Neimanis Astrida
Published: September 2015

Is representation always colonisation? This question has high stakes for feminist, anticolonial and environmental justice projects alike, where in each case, technologies of representation trace a fine line between the much-needed redress of injustice done unto others, and the various violences that accompany speaking for them. At the same time, some ecofeminist and postcolonial positions concur that while perhaps impossible, representation might nonetheless be necessary. My objective here is to assess and extend these discussions in order to suggest the possibility of posthuman representation of non-human natures – in other words, a representation without representationalism, where the notion of a pre-representational reality as ontologically distinct from its representation is rejected. This kind of representation would remain concerned with the urgent need to advocate for the interests of non-humans, but also with the risk of capture and appropriation that runs alongside the impetus to ‘speak for others’ that feminist and postcolonial debates highlight. Linking the problem of representation specifically to a tenacious nature/cultural dualism, I draw specifically on posthuman feminist theories, and the work of Vicki Kirby. At the same time, I argue that attention to the lessons of anticolonial feminism can guide a concerted ethics of response. What we need is a technics of representation that espouses a flat ontology, but firmly rejects the notion of a flat ethics.
IQ, Speciation and Sexuality: How Suspicions of Sexual Abuse are Produced within a Contemporary Intellectual Disability Service
Authors: Feely Michael
Published: September 2015

It is commonplace, in our historical moment, to assume the inherent characteristics of people we label intellectually disabled makes them vulnerable to sexual abuse or exploitation. Drawing on the findings of a qualitative research project regarding the treatment of sexuality within a service for adults with intellectual disabilities in the Republic of Ireland, I take a very different approach. I argue that, suspicions, fears, and allegations of sexual abuse and exploitation are best understood as produced in, and by, the material-semiotic assemblage that both service providers and service users inhabit. In the most reductive terms possible, I am going to suggest that suspicions and allegations of sexual exploitation are continually produced within the disability service because the two social species (‘normal people’ and ‘people with intellectual disabilities’) that inhabit this material territory, and share its spaces, understand intimate relationships with and amongst people with intellectual disabilities through very different discursive lenses.
Temporalities of Transition: Trans- temporal Femininity in a Human Musical Automaton
Authors: Sundén Jenny
Published: September 2015

This article takes as its point of departure the social media presence of a human musical automaton called Rabbit. As part of the US-based band Steam Powered Giraffe, Rabbit is performed by Bunny Bennett, who recently came out as a transgender woman. As a result of this shift, Rabbit is being transformed from a male automaton into a transgender female robot. The news of the transformation hit like a bomb in the emotionally invested fan base. The story of the transitioning robot is an intimate coming together of technologies, imagination, and transgender embodiment. It is a story that deserves scholarly attention for two reasons: This case offers ways of re-casting the discussion in transgender studies within a post-humanist framework of somatechnics. Secondly, it is a case which foregrounds an understanding of gender as a question of time. In focusing on transition as a continuous, open-ended process, gender is primarily understood as a temporal form which cuts or vibrates through the body in highly material, embodied ways. The domain of queer temporality is rather densely theorised, but what about trans- temporality? If queer temporality first and foremost deals with sexuality and time, what would it mean to shift the focus to gender? Drawing on Gilles Deleuze on time, this article is a contribution to the field of transgender studies on the question of trans- temporality in a technological vein.
Dolldonics: Doll Games as a Laboratory of Experimental Desire
Authors: Solander Tove
Published: September 2015

This article considers doll games not as an exercise for reproductive heterosexuality but as a laboratory of queer sexuality. My main source is the literary hypertext The Doll Games by Shelley and Pamela Jackson. In this work, the unsexed doll body is described as the ‘sexless baton’ at the core of sex and penises are compared to dolls played with in the doll games of sex. The term dolldonics indicates a Deleuzian understanding of such objects used to prosthetically extend bodies and make desiring connections. They are not to be understood as fetishes in the psychoanalytic sense, inevitably pointing back to the phallus.

There is a tradition of surrealist artists such as Hans Bellmer taking an interest in the recombinant possibilities of doll bodies. However, in the work of male artists, the queer potential of such polymorphous prosthetics has often been restricted by an erotisation of the doll as stand-in for the little girl, with whom it is so closely associated. In doll work by female artists with experience of being girls and playing with dolls, such erotisation of the girl-as-doll and doll-as-girl is less likely to occur, or at least occurs in different and more complex ways. The erotisation of doll bodies is based less on it standing in for the forbidden sexual object of the little girl, and more of the tactility of holding, manipulating, dismembering, dressing and undressing them. In doll games, the conventional distinction between desire and identification is undone, which confuses categorisations such as gender and sexual identity, and further subject/object, animate/inanimate and human/nonhuman.
Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Enchytraeidae and Megadrili), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta
Authors: Rota Emilia , de Jong Yde
Published: September 2015

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

This paper provides updated information on the taxonomic composition and distribution of the Annelida - terrestrial Oligochaeta (Megadrili and Enchytraeidae), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta, recorded in Europe. Data on 18 families, 11 autochthonous and 7 allochthonous, represented in our continent by a total of 800 species, are reviewed, beginning from their distinctness, phylogenetic status, diversity and global distribution, and following with major recent developments in taxonomic and faunistic research in Europe. A rich list of relevant references is appended. The Fauna Europaea Annelida - terrestrial Oligochaeta data-set, as completed in 2004, will be updated accordingly.
Conceptual Process for Designing High-Technology Products
Authors: Safari Arsalan
Published: September 2015

In this chapter, a systematic and practical design process and methodology is presented and applied to design a new high- technology product: a litter-collecting robot. Although considerable theoretical and practical models have been developed in product design and development, there are still limited effective models on the practical design process on a detailed level. This chapter elaborates on recent relevant research in the design methodology field and try to improve the details of product design process and apply it to a litter-collecting robot design. The detailed and practical approach demonstrated on the design of a high- tech product in this paper, can be applied effectively to the design process of industrial products.
Investigation of Optimum Conformations and Structure Analysis of RL and LR Nests using Ramachandran Plot
Authors: Deshpande Sumukh , Basu Saikat Kumar , Purohit Pooja
Published: September 2015

We have surveyed polypeptides with the optimal conformations of nests which are the common anion-binding motifs comprising 8% of the amino acids which are characterized by a structural depression or a hole. Using automated bioinformatics algorithm, novel ring structure of the nest has been found. Using automated algorithm, models of polypeptides were made in-silico (computationally) and oxygen atoms are inserted along the extension of the NH groups. These sophisticated algorithms allow insertion of atoms along the NH group at the correct distance which causes extension of the group thus forming hydrogen bond. Optimal conformations of these structures are found from these customized models. This study chapter provides a demonstration of an important discovery of optimum conformations of RL and LR nests by the use of sophisticated bioinformatics automation pipeline and a unique application of automation and control in bioinformatics.
Laborare est Orare
Authors: Tuttle Tara M.
Published: September 2015

Despite regional, religious, and political conservatism and fears of donor alienation and diocesan disapproval, a small group of faculty, staff, and avowed sisters at the private Catholic institution described in this article successfully achieved approval for the development of a gay-straight alliance. Using documents from official Church doctrine, researching benchmarks from Catholic institutions across the region, and demonstrating unmet student needs of the mostly closeted LGBTQ student population, the committee successfully obtained approval to host a discussion series examining the intersections and confrontations of LGBTQ lived experiences with spiritual practices and religious teaching. This chapter not only tells that story but provides a tactical model for others seeking to overcome barriers of institutional religious-based heterosexism to carve out a safe space for LGBTQ students while respecting the religious views students and employees of private, religious institutions have agreed to uphold.
Sense of Belonging in Religious-Based Colleges and Universities
Authors: Kim Young K. , Edens David , Parra Oscar Espinoza , Lopez Kizzy M.
Published: September 2015

Given the shifting demographic composition of the American higher education system and the need to understand how students of various backgrounds develop sense of belonging within a normative religious environment, this chapter examines how the level and predictors of sense of belonging among students of color at Christian colleges and universities differ from those for their White counterparts. This chapter provides an overview of sense of belonging with the purpose to understand the challenges and experiences of students of color in religious homogenous settings. The theoretical frameworks of this chapter are grounded in Astin's input-environment-output (I-E-O) model and Hurtado and Carter's sense of belonging study. While other studies have examined similar issues in secular institutions, the structure of the religious environment suggests unique patterns and predictors of sense of belonging among both White students and students of color. Implications for scholars and practitioners are discussed.
Selective Conditions Are Required for the Induction of Invariant NKT Cell Hyporesponsiveness by Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Wingender Gerhard , Birkholz Alysia M. , Sag Duygu , Farber Elisa , Chitale Sampada , Howell Amy R. , Kronenberg Mitchell
Published: September 2015

Activation of invariant (i)NKT cells with the model Ag α-galactosylceramide induces rapid production of multiple cytokines, impacting a wide variety of different immune reactions. In contrast, following secondary activation with α-galactosylceramide, the behavior of iNKT cells is altered for months, with the production of most cytokines being strongly reduced. The requirements for the induction of this hyporesponsive state, however, remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that Th1-biasing iNKT cell Ags could induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness, as long as a minimum antigenic affinity was reached. In contrast, the Th2-biasing Ag OCH did not induce a hyporesponsive state, nor did cytokine-driven iNKT cell activation by LPS or infections. Furthermore, although dendritic cells and B cells have been reported to be essential for iNKT cell stimulation, neither dendritic cells nor B cells were required to induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, our data indicate that whereas some bone marrow–derived cells could induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness, selective conditions, dependent on the structure and potency of the Ag, were required to induce hyporesponsiveness.
Requirement for Transcription FactorEts1in B Cell Tolerance to Self-Antigens
Authors: Russell Lisa , John Shinu , Cullen Jaime , Luo Wei , Shlomchik Mark J. , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann
Published: September 2015

The differentiation and survival of autoreactive B cells is normally limited by a variety of self-tolerance mechanisms, including clonal deletion, anergy, and clonal ignorance. The transcription factor c-ets-1 (encoded by the Ets1 gene) has B cell–intrinsic roles in regulating formation of Ab-secreting cells by controlling the activity of Blimp1 and Pax5 and may be required for B cell tolerance to self-antigen. To test this, we crossed Ets1−/− mice to two different transgenic models of B cell self-reactivity, the anti–hen egg lysozyme BCR transgenic strain and the AM14 rheumatoid factor transgenic strain. BCR transgenic Ets1−/− mice were subsequently crossed to mice either carrying or lacking relevant autoantigens. We found that B cells lacking c-ets-1 are generally hyperresponsive in terms of Ab secretion and form large numbers of Ab-secreting cells even in the absence of cognate Ags. When in the presence of cognate Ag, different responses were noted depending on the physical characteristics of the Ag. We found that clonal deletion of highly autoreactive B cells in the bone marrow was intact in the absence of c-ets-1. However, peripheral B cells lacking c-ets-1 failed to become tolerant in response to stimuli that normally induce B cell anergy or B cell clonal ignorance. Interestingly, high-affinity soluble self-antigen did cause B cells to adopt many of the classical features of anergic B cells, although such cells still secreted Ab. Therefore, maintenance of appropriate c-ets-1 levels is essential to prevent loss of self-tolerance in the B cell compartment.
Intracranial pressure monitoring
Authors: Abraham Mary , Singhal Vasudha
Published: September 2015

Brain specific monitoring enables detection and prevention of secondary cerebral insults, especially in the injured brain, thereby preventing permanent neurological damage. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is widely used in various neurological, neurosurgical and even medical conditions, both intraoperatively and in critical care, to improve patient outcome. It is especially useful in patients with traumatic brain injury, as a robust predictor of cerebral perfusion, and can help to guide therapy and assess long-term prognosis. Intraventricular catheters remain the gold standard for ICP monitoring, as they are the most reliable, accurate and cost-effective, and allow therapeutic cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Newer fibreoptic catheter tip and microchip transducer techniques have revolutionised ICP monitoring, with their ease of insertion in patients with narrow ventricles, and reduced risk of infection and haemorrhage. Furthermore, non-invasive methods of ICP monitoring, such as transcranial Doppler, optic nerve sheath diameter, etc., have emerged as promising techniques for screening patients with raised ICP in settings where invasive techniques are either not feasible (patients with severe coagulopathy) or not available (setups without access to a neurosurgeon). Therefore, ICP monitoring, as a part of multi-modality neuromonitoring, is a useful tool in the armamentarium of the neuro-intensivist in decreasing morbidity and mortality of critically ill neurological patients.
Near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Jain Virendra , Dash Hari
Published: September 2015

Tissue ischaemia can be a significant contributor to increased morbidity and mortality. Conventional oxygenation monitoring modalities measure systemic oxygenation, but regional tissue oxygenation is not monitored. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive monitor for measuring regional oxygen saturation which provides real-time information. There has been increased interest in the clinical application of NIRS following numerous studies that show improved outcome in various clinical situations especially cardiac surgery. Its use has shown improved neurological outcome and decreased postoperative stay in cardiac surgery. Its usefulness has been investigated in various high risk surgeries such as carotid endarterectomy, thoracic surgeries, paediatric population and has shown promising results. There is however, limited data supporting its role in neurosurgical population. We strongly feel, it might play a key role in future. It has significant advantages over other neuromonitoring modalities, but more technological advances are needed before it can be used more widely into clinical practice.
Jugular venous oximetry
Authors: Bhardwaj Avanish , Bhagat Hemant , Grover Vinod
Published: September 2015

The measurement of saturation of venous blood as it drains out of brain by sampling it from the jugular bulb provides us with an estimate of cerebral oxygenation, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic requirement. Arterio-jugular venous difference of the oxygen content (AVDO2) and jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjVO2) values per se helps clinicians in identifying the impairment of cerebral oxygenation due to various factors thereby prompting implementation of corrective measures and the prevention of secondary injury to the brain due to ischaemia. SjVO2 values are also used for prognostication of patients after traumatic brain injury and in other clinical situations. Sampling and measuring SjVO2 intermittently or continuously using fibreoptic oximetry requires the tip of the catheter to be placed in the jugular bulb, which is a relatively simple bedside procedure. In the review below we have discussed the relevant anatomy, physiology, techniques, clinical applications and pitfalls of performing jugular venous oximetry as a tool for measurement of cerebral oxygenation.
Functional imaging in neurosciences
Authors: Kamath Sriganesh , Umamaheswara Rao G
Published: September 2015

Recent advances in functional imaging of the brain have enabled a better understanding of the brain functions in health and disease. Amongst various functional imaging techniques, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been more rigorously employed in both clinical practice and in the research arena. This review will discuss the principles and techniques of fMRI, its role in understanding the pathophysiology of brain injury and finally, its clinical application in diagnosing neurological conditions and prognostication of outcome in patients with neurological disorders.
Ю. В. Новожилов: творческий путь
Authors: Braun Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2015

Дан краткий обзор научного творчества Ю. В. Новожилова.
Поиск нарушения четности в космических лучах
Authors: Andrianov Aleksandr Andreevich , Espriu Domenec , Kolevatov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: September 2015

Изучается возможность существования области с нарушенной четностью около высокоэнергетичных источников фотонов. Подобное нарушение может возникнуть благодаря конденсации псевдоскалярного фона. Показано, что если этот конденсат обладает большим градиентом плотности, фотоны с положительной киральностью будут распадаться на $e^+e^-$-пары. В результате этого процесса будет уменьшаться количество положительно поляризованных фотонов, что может увеличить долю позитронов в космических лучах.
Динамика взаимодействующих частиц с $SL(2,\mathbb R)$-симметрией
Authors: Manida Sergei Nikolaevich
Published: September 2015

Рассмотрены закономерности развития системы классических точечных частиц, взаимодействие которых обладает дополнительной $SL(2,\mathbb R)$-симметрией. Установлена связь дополнительных законов сохранения в нерелятивистской механике с соответствующими законами сохранения в пространстве анти-де Ситтера, представленными в координатах Бельтрами.
Самоподобие при рождении адронов: $z$-скейлинг
Authors: Tokarev Mikhail Vladimirovich , Zborovsky Imrich
Published: September 2015

Приводится краткое описание $z$-скейлинга - закономерности, отражающей самоподобие рождения адронов при соударениях (анти)протонов и ядер высоких энергий. Обсуждаются базовые принципы взаимодействия конституентов (локальность, самоподобие, фрактальность). В рамках $z$-скейлинга представлены результаты анализа данных по инклюзивным спектрам рождения адронов и струй в экспериментах на ускорителях RHIC, Tevatron и LHC.
Алгебра функциональных сжатых операторов в электродинамике Максвелла-Черна-Саймонса
Authors: Andrianov Aleksandr Andreevich , Kolevatov Sergei Sergeevich , Soldati R
Published: September 2015

С помощью сжатых операторов уничтожения и рождения построен базис эрмитовых генераторов, подчиняющийся алгебре Ли $SU(2)$. Обсуждаются соотношения между вакуумом электродинамики Максвелла-Черна-Саймонса и обычным вакуумом и показано, что самые общие преобразования Боголюбова представляют из себя не что иное, как функциональное вращение в пространстве Фока.
Корреляция между поперечными импульсами в модели со слиянием струн
Authors: Vechernin Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: September 2015

Получено явное аналитическое выражение для асимптотики коэффициента корреляции между средними поперечными импульсами частиц, образующихся в данном событии в интервалах, разнесенных по быстроте. Асимптотика найдена при большой плотности струн с учетом их слияния, путем введения решетки в поперечной плоскости и с использованием быстротной трансляционной инвариантности процесса распада струны при высоких энергиях. Установлено, что, в отличие от корреляции между импульсами отдельных частиц, величина корреляции между средними поперечными импульсами всех частиц, рождающихся в данном событии в двух разнесенных быстротных интервалах, не убывает с ростом общего числа образующихся струн, что делает этот тип корреляций перспективным для наблюдения в процессах столкновения ядер при высоких энергиях. Показано также, что в этом пределе асимптотика коэффициента корреляции между средними поперечными импульсами не зависит от величины дисперсии по числу частиц, образующихся при фрагментации струны, в отличие от изучавшихся ранее корреляций между множественностями или между средним поперечным импульсом и множественностью.
Время образования кварк-глюонной плазмы при столкновениях тяжелых ионов в голографической модели с ударными волнами
Authors: Aref'eva Irina Yaroslavna
Published: September 2015

Дана оценка времени термализации в голографической модели двух сталкивающихся ударных волн, соответствующей столкновению тяжелых ионов. Для этого проведено моделирование данного процесса с помощью метрики Вадьи с горизонтом, определенным расположением ловушечной поверхности. Рассмотрены две "боттом-ап" модели АдС/КХД, которые в рамках подхода сталкивающихся ударных волн дают зависимость множественности от энергии, согласующуюся с результатами, полученными на RHIC и LHC. Одна модель - это "боттом-ап" модель АдС/КХД с конфайнментом, а другая связана с анизотропной термализацией. Приведена оценка времени термализации и показано, что возрастание связывающего потенциала уменьшает время термализации, а анизотропия ускоряет термализацию.
Comparisons of urban and rural PM10−2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations and semi-volatile fractions in Northeastern Colorado
Authors: Clements N. , Hannigan M. P. , Miller S. L. , Peel J. L. , Milford J. B.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Coarse (PM10−2.5) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter in the atmosphere adversely affect human health and influence climate. While PM2.5 is relatively well studied, less is known about the sources and fate of PM10−2.5. The Colorado Coarse Rural-Urban Sources and Health (CCRUSH) study measured PM10−2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, as well as the fraction of semi-volatile material (SVM) in each size regime (SVM2.5, SVM10−2.5), for three years in Denver and comparatively rural Greeley, Colorado. Agricultural operations east of Greeley appear to have contributed to the peak PM10−2.5 concentrations there, but concentrations were generally lower in Greeley than in Denver. Traffic-influenced sites in Denver had PM10−2.5 concentrations that averaged from 14.6 to 19.7 μg m−3 and mean PM10−2.5/PM10 ratios of 0.56 to 0.70, higher than at residential sites in Denver or Greeley. PM10−2.5 concentrations were more temporally variable than PM2.5 concentrations. Concentrations of the two pollutants were not correlated. Spatial correlations of daily averaged PM10−2.5 concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 0.62 for pairs of sites in Denver and from 0.47 to 0.70 between Denver and Greeley. Compared to PM10−2.5, concentrations of PM2.5 were more correlated across sites within Denver and less correlated between Denver and Greeley. PM10−2.5 concentrations were highest during the summer and early fall, while PM2.5 and SVM2.5 concentrations peaked in winter during periodic multi-day inversions. SVM10−2.5 concentrations were low at all sites. Diurnal peaks in PM10−2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations corresponded to morning and afternoon peaks of traffic activity, and were enhanced by boundary layer dynamics. SVM2.5 concentrations peaked around noon on both weekdays and weekends. PM10−2.5 concentrations at sites located near highways generally increased with wind speeds above about 3 m s−1. Little wind speed dependence was observed for the residential sites in Denver and Greeley.
First experimental verification of summertime mesospheric momentum balance based on radar wind measurements at 69° N
Authors: Placke M. , Hoffmann P. , Rapp M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) greatly influence the background state of the middle atmosphere by imposing their momentum on the mean flow upon breaking and by thus driving, e.g., the upper mesospheric summer zonal wind reversal. In this situation momentum is conserved by a balance between the vertical divergence of GW momentum flux (the so-called GW drag) and the Coriolis acceleration of the mean meridional wind. In this study, we present first quantitative mean annual cycles of these two balancing quantities from the medium frequency Doppler radar at the polar site Saura (SMF radar, 69° N, 16° E). Three-year means for 2009 through 2011 clearly show that the observed zonal momentum balance between 70 and 100 km with contributions from GWs only is fulfilled during summer when GW activity is strongest and more stable than in winter. During winter, the balance between GW drag and Coriolis acceleration of the mean meridional wind is not existent, which is likely due to the additional contribution from planetary waves, which are not considered by the present investigation. The differences in the momentum balance between summer and winter conditions are additionally clarified by 3-month mean vertical profiles for summer 2010 and winter 2010/2011.
LIMA (v1.0): a two-moment microphysical scheme driven by a multimodal population of cloud condensation and ice freezing nuclei
Authors: Vié B. , Pinty J.-P. , Berthet S. , Leriche M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The paper describes the 2-moment microphysical scheme LIMA (Liquid Ice Multiple Aerosols), which relies on the prognostic evolution of a three-dimensional (3-D) aerosol population, and the careful description of the nucleating properties that enable cloud droplets and pristine ice crystals to form. LIMA uses the aerosol nucleating properties to form cloud droplets and pristine ice crystals. Several modes of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Ice Freezing Nuclei (IFN) are considered individually. A special class of partially soluble IFN is also introduced. These "aged" IFN act first as CCN and then as IFN by immersion nucleation at low temperatures. All the CCN modes are in competition with each other, as expressed by the single equation of maximum supersaturation. The IFN are insoluble aerosols that nucleate ice in several ways (condensation, deposition and immersion freezing) assuming the singular hypothesis. The scheme also includes the homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets, the Hallett–Mossop ice multiplication process and the freezing of haze at very low temperature. LIMA assumes that water vapour is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the population of cloud droplets (adjustment to saturation in warm clouds). In ice clouds, the prediction of the number concentration of the pristine ice crystals is used to compute explicit deposition and sublimation rates (leading to free under/supersaturation over ice). The formation of hydrometeors is standard. The autoconversion, accretion and self-collection processes shape the raindrop spectra. The initiation of the large crystals and aggregates category is the result of the depositional growth of large crystals beyond a critical size. Aggregation and riming are computed explicitly. Heavily rimed crystals (graupel) can experience a dry or wet growth mode. An advanced version of the scheme includes a separate hail category of particles forming and growing exclusively in the wet growth mode. The sedimentation of all particle types is included. The LIMA scheme is inserted in the cloud-resolving mesoscale model Meso-NH. The flexibility of LIMA is illustrated by two 2-D experiments. The first one highlights the sensitivity of orographic ice clouds to IFN types and IFN concentrations. Then a squall line case discusses the microstructure of a mixed-phase cloud and the impacts of pure CCN and IFN polluting plumes. The experiments show that LIMA captures the complex nature of aerosol-cloud interactions leading to different pathways for cloud and precipitation formation.
Using geochemical tracers to distinguish groundwater and parafluvial inflows in rivers (the Avon Catchment, SE Australia)
Authors: Cartwright I. , Hofmann H.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Understanding the location and magnitude of groundwater inflows to rivers is important for the protection of riverine ecosystems and the management of connected groundwater and surface water systems. Downstream trends in 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations in the Avon River, southeast Australia, implies that it contains alternating gaining and losing reaches. 222Rn activities of up to 3690 Bq m−3 imply that inflows are locally substantial (up to 3.1 m3 m−1 day−1). However, if it assumed that these inflows are solely from groundwater, the net groundwater inflows during low-flow periods exceed the measured increase in streamflow along the Avon River by up to 490 %. Uncertainties in the 222Rn activities of groundwater, the gas transfer coefficient, and the degree of hyporheic exchange cannot explain this discrepancy. It is proposed that a significant volume of the total calculated inflows into the Avon River represents water that exfiltrates from the river, flows through parafluvial sediments, and subsequently re-enters the river in the gaining reaches. This returning parafluvial flow has high 222Rn activities due to 222Rn emanations from the alluvial sediments. The riffle sections of the Avon River commonly have steep longitudinal gradients and may transition from losing at their upstream end to gaining at the downstream end and parafluvial flow through the sediment banks on meanders and point bars may also occur. Parafluvial flow is likely to be important in rivers with coarse-grained alluvial sediments on their floodplains and failure to quantify the input of 222Rn from parafluvial flow will result in overestimating groundwater inflows to rivers.
The near-inertial variability of meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea as shown by an eddy-resolving ocean reanalysis
Authors: Xiao J. , Wang D. , Xie Q. , Shu Y. , Liu C. , Chen J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The near-inertial variability of the meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea (SCSMOC) has been analyzed based on a global 1/12° ocean reanalysis. The wavelet analysis and power spectrum of deep SCSMOC time series shows that there is a significant signal in the near-inertial band. The maximum amplitude of the near-inertial signal in the SCSMOC is nearly 4 Sv. The spatial structure of the signal features regularly alternating counterclockwise and clockwise overturning cells. It is also found that the near-inertial signal of SCSMOC mainly originates from the Luzon Strait and propagates equatorward with the speed of 1–3 m s−1. Further analyses suggest that the near-inertial signal in the SCSMOC is triggered by high-frequency wind variability near the Luzon Strait where geostrophic shear always exists due to Kuroshio intrusion.
Semi-automated calibration method for modelling of mountain permafrost evolution in Switzerland
Authors: Marmy A. , Rajczak J. , Delaloye R. , Hilbich C. , Hoelzle M. , Kotlarski S. , Lambiel C. , Noetzli J. , Phillips M. , Salzmann N. , Staub B. , Hauck C.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Permafrost is a widespread phenomenon in the European Alps. Many important topics such as the future evolution of permafrost related to climate change and the detection of permafrost related to potential natural hazards sites are of major concern to our society. Numerical permafrost models are the only tools which facilitate the projection of the future evolution of permafrost. Due to the complexity of the processes involved and the heterogeneity of Alpine terrain, models must be carefully calibrated and results should be compared with observations at the site (borehole) scale. However, a large number of local point data are necessary to obtain a broad overview of the thermal evolution of mountain permafrost over a larger area, such as the Swiss Alps, and the site-specific model calibration of each point would be time-consuming. To face this issue, this paper presents a semi-automated calibration method using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) as implemented in a 1-D soil model (CoupModel) and applies it to six permafrost sites in the Swiss Alps prior to long-term permafrost evolution simulations. We show that this automated calibration method is able to accurately reproduce the main thermal condition characteristics with some limitations at sites with unique conditions such as 3-D air or water circulation, which have to be calibrated manually. The calibration obtained was used for RCM-based long-term simulations under the A1B climate scenario specifically downscaled at each borehole site. The projection shows general permafrost degradation with thawing at 10 m, even partially reaching 20 m depths until the end of the century, but with different timing among the sites. The degradation is more rapid at bedrock sites whereas ice-rich sites with a blocky surface cover showed a reduced sensitivity to climate change. The snow cover duration is expected to be reduced drastically (between −20 to −37 %) impacting the ground thermal regime. However, the uncertainty range of permafrost projections is large, resulting mainly from the broad range of input climate data from the different GCM-RCM chains of the ENSEMBLES data set.
El círculo en la relación espacio y cuerpo. Foto-ensayo a partir de Isidro Blasco y el método BAPNE
Authors: Alonso-Sanz Amparo , Romero-Naranjo Francisco J.
Published: September 2015

En el presente artículo se muestra un estudio visual sobre el espacio educativo universitario en el que se desarrollan enseñanzas sobre percusión corporal. Como marco metodológico se escoge la Investigación Educativa Basada en las Artes Visuales empleándose la obra de un artista como referente conceptual y metodológico. La investigación queda marcada tanto por la referencia visual a la obra de Isidro Blasco – especialmente con la obra “Shanghai planet 2009”-; como por los paralelismos establecidos entre el objeto de estudio de esta investigación -el análisis espacial- y los focos de interés desvelados por los críticos de arte respecto a la obra de este artista. Mediante un discurso visual formado por 7 fotocollages se visualiza la relación entre cuerpo y espacio educativo en la disposición básica de aprendizaje circular. Las construcciones visuales a modo de fotocollage y su carga estética nos aproximan a la intimidad del espacio educativo, al modo en que se distribuye al alumnado en el aula de música, la materialización de las relaciones interpersonales, los volúmenes ocupados y vacíos.
Creación de réplicas de patrimonio escultórico mediante reconstrucción 3D e impresoras 3D de bajo coste para uso en entornos educativos
Authors: De la Torre-Cantero Jorge , Saorín Jose L. , Meier Cecile , Melián-Díaz Dámari , Alemán Manuel Drago-Díaz
Published: September 2015

El proceso de elaboración de réplicas de patrimonio ha sido tradicionalmente desarrollado por organismos públicos, empresas o museos y no es de uso corriente en centros escolares. Actualmente existen tecnologías que permiten realizar réplicas de una manera muy económica. Los nuevos programas 3D basados en la reconstrucción a partir de fotografías y las impresoras 3D de bajo coste, permiten realizar maquetas del patrimonio con un importe muy inferior al tradicional. En este artículo se describe el proceso de creación de una réplica de la escultura El Guerrero de Goslar del artista Henry Moore, situada en Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Para realizar esta reproducción, primero se han creado modelos 3D digitales utilizando las aplicaciones Recap 360, 123D Catch, Meshmixer y MakerWare. La réplica física, se ha reproducido en ácido poliláctico (PLA) mediante la impresora 3D MakerBot Replicator 2. Además, se incluye un análisis de costes utilizando, por un lado la impresora mencionada, y por otro, servicios de impresión 3D, tanto online como locales. Para finalizar, se ha realizado una acción puntual con 141 alumnos y 12 profesores de secundaria a los que se les ha pasado una encuesta de opinión sobre el uso de réplicas escultóricas en educación.
Mujeres artistas de la vanguardia internacional: el caso de "Abstraction-Création" (1931-1936)
Authors: Faxedas-Brujats M. Lluïsa
Published: September 2015

La contribución de las mujeres al arte abstracto del periodo de entreguerras ha sido una cuestión hasta ahora muy poco estudiada. Este artículo trata un tema inédito, el de la participación de las mujeres artistas en Abstraction-Création, la principal agrupación internacional dedicada al arte abstracto de los años 30. Fundado en París en 1931, el grupo recogió el testigo de sendos colectivos anteriores para convertirse en una plataforma de difusión y promoción del arte abstracto. Estaba formado por un centenar de miembros de los que doce fueron mujeres que publicaron sus textos y obras en la revista, abstraction creátion art non figuratif (1932-1936), y participaron en algunas de las exposiciones. En comparación con lo sucedido en grupos anteriores la participación de las mujeres, aunque reducida, fue comparable a la de los hombres, y el impacto de su pertenencia al grupo en sus carreras fue globalmente positivo. Sin embargo, todo ello se dio a costa de renunciar a cualquier especificidad de género en su trabajo y en su presentación pública, y demuestra que la normalización de las aportaciones de las mujeres a las vanguardias sólo pudo darse en paralelo al cuestionamiento de la visión más dogmática de la modernidad.
Second Language Acquisition Research and Language Pedagogy: A Critical View
Authors: Talebinejad Mohammad Reza , Moattarian Aasa
Published: September 2015

Over the past several decades, a substantial body of research on second language acquisition has been provided. The current study was an attempt to investigate language teachers’ views on applying research findings in their every day practice of language teaching through a critical lens. Data for this qualitative study was collected by means of a semi structured interview with 10 language teachers teaching English at different language institutes in Iran. Analyses of data revealed that, although teachers find second language acquisition research a useful tool for their professional development; they do not usually consult bodies of research in their every day teaching practice. They report problems in applying second language research in their practice due to problems with practicality, particularity, and possibility. The findings suggest that language teachers need to be exposed to insight from SLA research and practice.
Affrication in Ha’ili Arabic: A Rule-Based Approach
Authors: Alrasheedi Eisa S.
Published: September 2015

The current work tackled two phonemes, /k/ and /g/, examining the phonological operations in charge of their allophonic variation in Ha’ili Arabic. The study found out that the phoneme /k/ has two allophones: [k] and the dental voiceless affricate [ts]. The latter occurs when preceded or followed by either [a] or [i], whilst the former shows up elsewhere. However, the latter generalisation falls out when the resulting allophone violates the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) which impinges on the occurrence of the allophone affricate [ts] when clustered with sounds with same place features. Similarly, the study argued that the phone /g/ has two surface forms whose occurrence is predictable: [g] and the voiced dental affricate [dz]. The latter shows up when preceded or followed by the front high vowel [i], whereas the former occurs elsewhere. Additionally, the study worked out how affrication feeds vowel lowering in HA. 
The Indo-Europeanization of the World from a Central Asian Homeland: New Approaches, Paradigms and Insights from Our Research Publications on Ancient India
Authors: Mandavilli Sujay Rao
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we bring together the concepts put forth in our previous papers and throw new light on how the Indo-Europeanization of the world may have happened from the conventional Central Asian homeland and explain the same using maps and diagrams. We also propose the ‘Ten modes of linguistic transformations associated with Human migrations.’ With this, the significance of the proposed term ‘Base Indo-European’ in lieu of the old term ‘Proto Indo-European’ will become abundantly clear to most readers. The approaches presented in this paper are somewhat superior to existing approaches, and as such are expected to replace them in the longer run. Detailed maps and notes demonstrating and explaining how linguistic transformations might have taken place in South Asia are available in this paper as understood from our previous research papers, and scholars from other parts of the world are invited to develop similar paradigms with regard to their home countries as far as the available data or evidence will allow them. This will help piece together a gigantic jig-saw puzzle, and lead to a revolution of sorts in the field, leading to a ripple-effect that will strongly impact several other related fields of study as well. We also re-emphasize our epigrammatic catch-phrases ‘The Globalization of Science’ and ‘Scientific Progress at the Speed of Light’, and attempt to show how the former will inexorably lead to the latter. This is done in a respectable level of detail, as zany and theoretical concepts gain respectability only if corroborated with real-world data from across the world. The end-result will be a transformation and a revolution in human knowledge, with inevitable cascading changes in cultural and social paradigms and relationships across nationalities and cultures, and rich rewards for scholars and students of Indo-European studies across the world.
Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli
Authors: Niyonzima Eugène , Ongol Martin Patrick , Kimonyo Anasthase , Sindic Marianne
Published: September 2015

Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli are known to be the major bacterial agents responsible for human foodborne infections attributable to meat. A review of the specialized literature was carried out to identify the risk factors for bovine meat contamination by these pathogens from the cattle farm to meat consumption. Animal stress during transport to the slaughterhouse and the duration of the lairage period were identified as the key factors influencing the faecal excretion of Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli as well as cattle contamination prior to slaughter. At the abattoir level, hides and visceral contents appear to be the main sources of pathogenic bacteria that contaminate carcasses along the meat production chain. Finally, temperature abuses during distribution and meat contamination by infected handlers were found to be important contributors to the post-slaughter contamination of bovine meat. The findings of this study indicate that efficient management of human food borne infections attributable to bovine meat requires an integrated application of control measures involving all actors along the meat chain, namely slaughterhouses, meat processing plants, distributors and consumers.
The Life of Mary Fairfax Somerville, Mathematician and Scientist: a Study in Contrasts
Authors: LAMPRECHT ELIZABETH ANN
Published: September 2015

The life of Mary Somerville can aptly be described as a study in contrasts. How did Mary Fairfax, born into genteel poverty at a time when few women had access to formal education, eventually become the “Queen of Nineteenth Century Science”? This ordinary woman accomplished the extraordinary, yet a careful review of her life exposes many inconsistencies. What do these discrepancies tell us about Mary? What do they tell us about the time period in which she lived? An analysis of her life and work reveals that she was far more than an amateur scholar. This Victorian “popularizer” was, without question, a scientist.
A Symbol for Women's Progress: A Rhetorical Analysis of Hillary Rodham Clinton's Story as America's Story
Authors: AULT ASHLEY
Published: September 2015

Hillary Rodham Clinton's life has been full of success, but the success has not been without difficulties. As a lawyer, she displayed her legal prowess by maintaining an aggressive and authoritative stand on upholding justice in society. This approach was effective for a lawyer; however, it was deemed disturbing, from the view of the public, in her role as first lady. As first lady, Clinton dealt with conflicting ideals regarding her manner and power in politics. After her husband's two terms as president, Clinton earned a position as a senator and eventually announced, as well as conceded, her candidacy for the 2008 democratic presidential nomination. As she learned to walk the fine line of gender norms, she became the only first lady to serve in the US Cabinet. Clinton breaks cultural barriers, challenges traditional perceptions, and advocates for women. Using rhetorical analysis and Aristotle's notions of ethos and pathos, I examine Clinton's speech announcing her candidacy for president and her address to the Democratic National Convention. I argue that, using a conversational style, she constructs herself as a symbol of progress within society for women and writes her role in history, while she makes America's story her own story.