bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic and Children’s Subjective Well-Being Indicators at the National Level in 35 Countries
Authors: Casas Ferran , González-Carrasco Mònica , Oriol Xavier , Malo Sara
Published: March 2022

This study uses representative samples of 10- and 12-year-olds from the third wave of the Children’s Words international survey (N = 48,499 10-year-olds from 35 countries, and N= 44,692 12-year-olds from 30 countries) to explore the relationship between four main economic indicators at the country level and a selection of children’s subjective well-being (SWB) indicators. The economic indicators included measures of wealth and wealth inequality, while the SWB indicators included general cognitive and affective indicators of the components of SWB and a selection of satisfaction items with specific life domains or aspects of children’s lives. Separated systematic linear regressions were calculated for each age group—each economic indicator being regressed on each SWB general indicator and on each of the selected satisfaction items. As is the case with previous research, the results do not display significant associations between economic indicators and cognitive SWB when using children’s data at the population level. In contrast, associations were identified between economic and affective indicators, and between the former and the correlation between affective and cognitive SWB at the country level. These results suggest that the affective and cognitive components of children’s SWB display idiosyncratic associations with both wealth and inequality indicators at this level, and that it is very important to analyse SWB components separately. This study also shows that satisfaction with some specific life domains (e.g.: with life as a student, time use or the freedom the child has) may display associations with some economic indicators at the macro level, while satisfaction with other life domains may not, meaning that overall life satisfaction may offer different associations with economic indicators, depending on children’s satisfaction with various life domains in each country. These associations may change with age in some cases. Findings contribute to questioning the hitherto widespread belief that a country’s macro-economic situation has little or no impact on children’s well-being and invite the use of children’s SWB indicators from a quadripartite conception—including overall satisfaction with life and life domains, positive affect and negative affect—to monitor the implementation of public policies aimed at children.
Foundations of well-being in children’s and youth’s everyday lives in Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Hunner-Kreisel Christine , Bühler-Niederberger Doris , Sultan Aysel
Published: March 2022

The contributions in this special section deal with growing up in two post-Soviet states – Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan. Each contribution has a different priority on the variety of forces that shape the wellbeing of children and youth as structured in the interaction between the efforts and abilities of their families, the state, as well as social and health policies in both national and cross-national contexts. In this special section, we understand infrastructure as places and institutions for day-care, education, leisure, social and health services. The papers identify barriers that children and young people encounter as they attempt to realize their potential and wishes in a variety of social, educational, and health contexts. These obstacles have something in common: they are rooted in a deficit of public and social infrastructure that is evident in these two states (European Commission, 2011; Sardarova, 2020; OECD, 2018; UNICEF, 2015).
Voice Disorders after Total Thyroidectomy: Prospective Evaluation by Patient Self-Assessment, Indirect Laryngoscopy and Ultrasonography
Authors: Shulutko Alexander M. , Semikov Vasiliy I. , Moiseev Andrey Y. , Osmanov Elkhan G. , Boblak Julia A. , Patalova Alla R. , Mansurova Gaukhar T. , Kazaryan Airazat M.
Published: March 2022

Voice alterations after thyroidectomy with mobile vocal folds are common. Ultrasonography has been used to assess the mobility of the vocal folds after thyroidectomy. Fifty-four patients underwent thyroidectomy. Indirect laryngoscopy, ultrasonography, and GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scoring were performed preoperatively, 3 days, 2 and 6 months, postoperatively. On the third postoperative day, the mobility of the vocal folds was preserved in 52 patients and pareses were recorded in 2 patients. All patients after thyroidectomy noted the presence of voice alteration in the absence of the postoperative paresis of the vocal folds. On the third postoperative day, the voice was impaired by all criteria of the GRBAS scale, but mainly due to roughness (85%). Sixth month postoperatively, 62% of the subjects considered the voice to be altered. Asthenia was observed in 39%. On the third postoperative day indirect laryngoscopy revealed the unchanged vocal folds, the edema and the shortening of one of the vocal folds in 56%, 42%, and 1.9%. Six months postoperatively, the vocal folds returned to their original form. Indirect laryngoscopy and ultrasonography had 100% concordance in assessing the mobility of the vocal folds. Patients with edema of the vocal folds had a significantly higher mean GRBAS grade than patients without edema. The mean GRBAS score decreased from 3.36 to 0.90, 3 days and 6 months, postoperatively. Voice alteration after thyroidectomy is always present. Postoperative edema represents a likely main cause of voice alteration and resolves within 6 months. Ultrasonography is recommended as alternative to indirect laryngoscopy in assessing of the vocal folds after thyroidectomy.
Rice yield response to climate and price policy in high-latitude regions of China
Authors: Yu Yan , Clark J. Stephen , Tian Qingsong , Yan Fengxian
Published: March 2022

Climate change has renewed interest in the production capacity of agriculture. Few researchers paid attention to price policy and heteroscedasticity in yield model. We incorporate rice price policy into the yield model at the expected price using a Tobit procedure and take Kalman filter theory to explore useful information, and then estimate the rice yield response to climate and rice price using a spatial autoregressive combined model in high-latitude regions of China from 1992 to 2018. Meanwhile, we apply two different Breusch-Pagan tests to examine heteroscedasticity. Our results suggest that spatial correlation of the error term is a more critical source of heteroscedasticity and cannot be completely solved by only allowing spatially autocorrelated errors due to possible technology diffusion effects. The results also show that rice price support policy is useful for constructing rice expected prices, and the price elasticities of rice and corn on rice yield are 0.194 and -0.097, respectively. Among climate variables, the total growing degree days in the growing season has positive effects, and monthly accumulated growing degree days also matter, especially in June. Precipitation in July and August has a significant effect with an inverse U shape. Projections of future climate change suggest that rice yield will mainly increase, ranging from 0.095% to 1.769%, but the rate of increase in yield will slow down in the higher-rate global warming. This study shows how price policy could be incorporated into yield response model and highlights the importance of climate factors and crop price policy for rice yield.
Compassion: Learning Needs and Training Opportunities—a Survey Among Palliative Healthcare Providers in Italy
Authors: Bovero Andrea , Adriano Beatrice , Di Girolamo Irene , Tosi Chiara , Orsi Luciano , Ricetto Cinzia , Botto Rossana
Published: March 2022

Compassion is a key quality in palliative care; however, there is a lack of evidence of the need to discuss the theme of compassion and professionals’ training in the subject. The study aimed to investigate the knowledge of the construct of a sample of Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in palliative care. In addition, their learning needs and training opportunities were explored. An online survey was completed by 330 HCPs. It was divided into five sections which examined knowledge of the construct of compassion and the perception of its utility in palliative care, the activities carried out in eventual training in compassion, and professionals’ learning needs thereof. Professionals who had knowledge of the right definition of compassion considered it more useful and training more necessary. Most of the sample never received training about compassion. However, 97% of those who received training believed it to be necessary. Satisfaction with training was higher among those who received multidisciplinary team education. Training occasions are relatively rare in the Italian context, although they seem to increase knowledge and awareness about the construct utility and training necessity. Besides, multidisciplinary team training seems to be more satisfying. Offering team training on compassion can promote a deeper awareness of it and of its utility in clinical practice.
Effect of coating operating parameters on electrode physical characteristics and final electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Román-Ramírez L. A. , Apachitei G. , Faraji-Niri M. , Lain M. , Widanage D. , Marco J.
Published: March 2022

The effect of coating parameters of NMC622 cathodes and graphite anodes on their physical structure and half-cell electrochemical performance is evaluated by design of experiments. Coating parameters include the coater comma bar gap, coating ratio and web speed. The electrochemical properties studied are gravimetric and volumetric capacity, rate performance, areal specific impedance (ASI) and C-rate. Differences in the manufacturing effects on the electrode physical structure and electrochemical performance are observed between the electrodes and are modelled by linear regression. The effect of cell coating weight and porosity on half-coin cell electrochemical performance is also evaluated by linear regression. The cathode performance at high gravimetric and volumetric C-rates is mainly influenced by coating weight, whereas porosity is the only explanatory variable for volumetric C-rates of 1C and below. For anode, correlations are only found for the C/20 and 5C gravimetric and volumetric capacities and are related to coating weight. An inverse relationship between ASI and coating weight is observed for cathode, but in general the cell physical characteristics cannot completely explain the observed ASI for both electrodes. The obtained models are useful for the design and robust manufacturing of electrodes since present a quantitative relationship between the coating parameters, cell characteristics and final cell electrochemical performance.
Alignment of Borderline Personality Disorder and Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder With Complex Developmental Symptomatology
Authors: Lawless Jessica , Tarren-Sweeney Michael
Published: March 2022

Cluster analysis of maltreatment-related mental health symptoms manifested by adolescents in foster care suggest the absence of an underlying taxonomic structure. To test this further, we investigated alignment between mental health symptom profiles derived through cluster analysis and nominal diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD), among a sample of 230 adolescents in long-term foster care. Nominal DSM-V BPD and ICD-11 C-PTSD caseness was estimated from Child Behaviour Checklist and Assessment Checklist for Adolescents score algorithms, and alignment of case assignment with previously-derived symptom profiles was examined. Nineteen BPD and three C-PTSD nominal cases were identified. Low C-PTSD prevalence reflected low concordance between PTSD and ‘disturbances in self organization’ (DSO) case assignment. The BPD and C-PTSD cases were aligned to more complex and severe symptom profiles. While the complex and severe presentations identified in the present study included core symptoms and clinical signs of BPD, they were also characterised by clinical-level inattention/over-activity and conduct problems. The present findings provide some support for the validity of the BPD construct for describing complex and severe psychopathology manifested by adolescents in foster care, and no support for the C-PTSD construct. However, the symptom profiles point to high variability in combinations of multiple symptom types that does not conform to traditional definitions of a ‘diagnosable’ mental disorder. Further research is needed to determine if complex post-maltreatment symptomatology can be validly conceptualised as one or more complex disorders.
Do informal Networks Increase Migrants’ Over-Education? Comparing Over-Education for Natives, Migrants and Second Generations in Italy and Assessing the Role of Networks in Generating It
Authors: Van Wolleghem Pierre Georges , De Angelis Marina , Scicchitano Sergio
Published: March 2022

Whilst migration has become a structural feature of most European countries, the integration of foreigners in the labour market continues to raise concerns. Evidence across countries shows that migrants are more often over-educated than natives. Over the last few years, scholarship has intended to capture the effect of informal networks on migrants’ over-education. Interestingly, no study has looked into the Italian case, a country for which the effect of networks on education-occupation mismatch is well documented. This article has two objectives: it assesses the extent to which over-education affects migrants and it evaluates the role informal networks play in producing it. We find that migrants have a higher probability of being over-educated than natives and second-generation migrants. Likewise, we find little evidence of a differentiated effect of networks as they tend to increase migrants’ over-education whilst decreasing it for natives and second-generation migrants. Empirical evidence is drawn from the application of causal inference modelling to PLUS 2018—Participation, Labour, Unemployment Survey.
Determination of retinol and carotenoids in selected Malaysian food products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Rathi Devi-Nair Gunasegavan , Rashed Aswir Abd , Noh Mohd Fairulnizal Md
Published: March 2022

The presented method is focused on simultaneous determination of retinol and two carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene) in selected Malaysian food products. A Dionex Ultimate 3000 Series High-Performance Liquid Chromatography system equipped with two Dionex Acclaim Polar Advantage II C18 columns was utilized in this study. Simultaneous elution of retinol, lutein and β-carotene was achieved within 45 min with gradient profile of methanol and ultra-pure water (95:5–100:0–95:5) programmed at 0.8 mL/min flow rate and 30 °C. Retinol was acquired at 325 nm while lutein and β-carotene were acquired at 440 nm. Limits of detection and quantification of retinol and lutein were at 0.10, 0.34 µg/mL, and 0.08, 0.26 µg/mL; respectively while higher levels were observed for β-carotene at 1.06 and 3.54 µg/mL. Linearity test indicated R2 of 0.996–0.999, along with high accuracy (71.92–116.29%) and excellent repeatability for all analytes. Extraction efficiency was determined using standard addition into representative food product with recovery obtained in the range of 61.86–116.90% for all three analytes. The developed in-house HPLC method incorporates an enclosed solid-phase extraction system that is believed to further improve sample purification and analytes detection. On the whole, the developed on-line SPE-HPLC technique and efficient sample pre-treatment is deemed a reliable approach for simultaneous determination of retinol, lutein and β-carotene, as analyzed among the selected Malaysian food products. Additionally, the described procedure could also benefit routine analysis of these analytes in other food matrices or for determination of other analytes with similar chemistry and faster elution.
Optimization and selection of the multi-objective conceptual design scheme for considering product assembly, manufacturing and cost
Authors: Li Congdong , Wu Run , Yang Weiming
Published: March 2022

Conceptual design is the crucial stage of selecting and determining product composition and configuration, which greatly affects product performance and cost. In conceptual design stage, designers have the maximum design freedom in order to put forward to the optimal design solution in terms of assembly, manufacturing and cost. However, the above product aspects are analyzed independently in current industry, and a guided decision-making method based on multi-objective criteria is missing. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a multi-objective analysis method to obtain an optimal conceptual scheme considering various aspects of product. Due to the complexity of product conceptual solution generation, this study divides the multi-objective analysis process into multi-objective solution optimization and multi-objective solution selection. The non-dominated solution set can be obtained from all the potential solutions in the former step. Then, the optimal conceptual solution can be obtained from the non-dominated solutions set in the latter step. The two-stage multi-objective analysis method has two advantages: (1) large dominated solutions can be quickly eliminated which can reduce the workload of solution selection; (2) TOPSIS method is easy to implement, which can work with attribute weights and scores of each design option. Finally, using the conceptual design of a centrifugal compressor as an example, the method's availability and practicality are demonstrated.
Vascular Function and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals
Authors: Park Wonil , Lee Jaesung , Park Hun-Young , Park Saejong , Park Jonghoon
Published: March 2022

Background

Frailty is a condition characterized by a state of reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Frail individuals have a higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms underlying the association between frailty and CVD remain unclear.

Objectives

This study investigated whether frailty is associated with vascular function in community-dwelling older individuals.

Material and Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 92 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years, including 30 non-frail, 43 pre-frail, 19 frail individuals. Vascular function was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV, measuring arterial stiffness) and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD, measuring endothelial function).

Results

The PWV was significantly higher in both pre-frail and frail groups than in the non-frail group (non-frail: 1615.7 ± 209.9 cm/s vs. pre-frail: 1815.2 ± 265.0 cm/s vs. frail: 1829.9 ± 256.0 cm/s, respectively, p = 0.003). The FMD was significantly lower in both pre-frail and frail groups than in the non-frail group (non-frail: 5.1 ± 2.1% vs. pre-frail: 3.4 ± 1.3% vs. frail: 3.1 ± 1.2% cm/s, respectively, p = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that pre-frail and frail group were associated with arterial stiffness (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.01–8.42; OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 0.85–14.91) and endothelial dysfunction (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 0.41–3.09; OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 0.31–6.97).

Conclusions

Thus, pre-frailty and frailty are associated with impaired vascular function in community-dwelling older adults, even when adjusting for confounding factors. These findings may help to prevent the potential consequences between CVD and frailty in community-dwelling older individuals.
Building a global psychological science through research in the Pacific Island nation of Fiji: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Crookes Annie E. , Warren Meg A.
Published: March 2022

There is increasing globalisation of psychological science through cross-cultural research, international conferences, and funding initiatives. However, it is important to understand the nature of this globalisation in a more nuanced way and for research to include both etic (universal comparisons) and emic (distinctive cultural understanding) approaches and to incorporate the needs and expertise of the Indigenous populations being studied. The present systematic review aimed to identify the psychological research undertaken in the culturally diverse Pacific Island Country of Fiji and explore how this has added to the general knowledge base in psychological science. Furthermore, the review aimed to use the Fiji research literature to evaluate the extent of globalisation in psychology from an etic, emic and Indigenous psychology perspective. A total of 131 peer-reviewed publications were identified on electronic databases of which 80% reported primary research studies in some form. The literature suggests a growing interest in Pacific-inclusive research that has already added substantially to psychological understanding in many core areas. However, the literature continues to be dominated by etic, cross cultural studies driven by western research interests and universal measures. The discussion suggests more needs to be done to incorporate emic approaches and Indigenous methods as well as consider applied themes and research questions that would better serve the local communities alongside scientific knowledge.
Natural Language Processing for Corpus Linguistics
Authors: Dunn Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Corpus analysis can be expanded and scaled up by incorporating computational methods from natural language processing. This Element shows how text classification and text similarity models can extend our ability to undertake corpus linguistics across very large corpora. These computational methods are becoming increasingly important as corpora grow too large for more traditional types of linguistic analysis. We draw on five case studies to show how and why to use computational methods, ranging from usage-based grammar to authorship analysis to using social media for corpus-based sociolinguistics. Each section is accompanied by an interactive code notebook that shows how to implement the analysis in Python. A stand-alone Python package is also available to help readers use these methods with their own data. Because large-scale analysis introduces new ethical problems, this Element pairs each new methodology with a discussion of potential ethical implications.
Depression Among Medical Students in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The role of Communication Between Universities and Their Students
Authors: Ecker Alexandra , Berenson Abbey B , Gonzalez Sandra J , Zoorob Roger , Hirth Jacqueline M
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Medical students are vulnerable to stress and depression during medical school and the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated these issues. This study examined whether the risk of depression was associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related medical school communication.

Methods:

A 144 - item pilot cross-sectional online survey of medical students in the US, was carried out between September 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Items on stress, depression, and communication between students and their medical schools were included. This study examined associations of student perceptions of universities’ communication efforts and pandemic response with risk of developing depression.

Results:

The sample included 212 students from 22 US states. Almost 50% (48.6%) were at risk of developing depression. Students felt medical schools transitioned well to online platforms, while the curriculum was just as rigorous as in-person courses. Students at risk of developing depression reported communication was poor more frequently compared to students at average risk. Students at risk of depression were also more than 3 times more likely to report their universities’ communication about scholarships or other funding was poor in adjusted analyses.

Conclusion:

Universities communicated well with medical students during the pandemic. However, this study also highlights the need for ongoing efforts to address student mental health by medical schools.
Applying Civil Rights Law to Clinical Research: Title VI’s Equal Access Mandate
Authors: Liss Joseph , Peloquin David , Barnes Mark , Bierer Barbara E.
Published: March 2022

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its implementing regulations prohibit federally-funded educational institutions and healthcare centers from engaging in disparate impact discrimination “on the ground of race, color, or national origin” in all of their operations.
An Inter–professional Antiracist Curriculum Is Paramount to Addressing Racial Health Inequities
Authors: Mitchell L. Kate , Watson Maya K. , Silva Abigail , Simpson Jessica L.
Published: March 2022

Legal, medical, and public health professionals have been complicit in creating and maintaining systems that drive health inequities. To ameliorate this, current and future leaders in law, medicine, and public health must learn about racism and its impact along the life course trajectory and how to engage in antiracist practice and health equity work.
FOREWORD The American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics and Anti-Racism
Authors: Hutchinson Ted
Published: March 2022

This foreword explores the history of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics and its role in promoting access to care and antiracism.
Consciousness, Conflations, and Disability Rights: Denials of Care for Children in the “Minimally Conscious State”
Authors: Fins Joseph J.
Published: March 2022

This essay critiques the fiercely utilitarian allocation scheme of Cameron et al. Children have no hope of recovery if their lives are cut short based on administrative protocols that misrepresent the nature of their conditions. Unilateral futility judgements - especially those based on a false predicate - are discriminatory. When considering the best interests of children, we should see possibility in disability and not advance ill-informed utilitarianism.
Reminiscences on Public Health Law and JLME
Authors: Hodge James G.
Published: March 2022

This contribution marks a dual milestone at the intersection of public health law and JLME: my 50th publication of a substantive manuscript in the 50th anniversary of the Journal in 2022. In recognition of these coinciding landmarks, this installment of the Public Health Law column for JLME features observations and reflections of the field based largely on prior publications.
A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Chitimia-Dobler Lidia , Mans Ben J. , Handschuh Stephan , Dunlop Jason A.
Published: March 2022

Four fossil ticks (Arachnida: Parasitiformes: Ixodida) are described from mid-Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma) Burmese amber of Myanmar.Ixodes antiquorumsp. nov. (Ixodidae) is the first Mesozoic record ofIxodesand the oldest representative of the most species-rich extant tick genus. Its affinities appear to lie with modern Australian forms, consistent with the hypothesis that Burmese amber hosted Gondwanan faunal elements. Even more remarkable isKhimaira fossusgen. et sp. nov. which combines a body resembling that of a soft tick (Argasidae) with a basis capitulum more like that of a hard tick (Ixodidae). We refer it to Khimairidae fam. nov. as a possible transitional form between the two main families of ticks alive today. Another member of the extinct Deinocrotonidae is described asDeinocroton copiasp. nov., while the first described adult female forCornupalpatum burmanicumis associated with a dinosaur feather barb.
What is the Foundation of Medical Ethics—Common Morality, Professional Norms, or Moral Philosophy?
Authors: Holm Søren
Published: March 2022

This paper considers the relation between medical ethics (ME) and common morality (CM), professional norms, and moral philosophy. It proceeds by analyzing two recent book-length critical analyses of this relationship by Bob Baker in “The Structure of Moral Revolutions—Studies of Changes in the Morality of Abortion, Death, and the Bioethics Revolution” and Rosamond Rhodes in “The Trusted Doctor—Medical Ethics and Professionalism.” It argues that despite the strengths of these critical arguments, there is nevertheless a relationship between ME, understood as the professional ethics of the healthcare professions, and both CM and moral philosophy. It also argues that ME cannot and should not be understood purely as the internally developed professional norms of the medical or healthcare professions.
Infective endocarditis in a cohort of adult CHD patients
Authors: Mano Tânia B. , Cardoso Isabel , Costa Pedro O. , Rito Tiago , Branco Luísa , Agapito Ana , Rodrigues Rui , Pinto Fátima , Fragata José , Ferreira Rui C. , de Sousa Lídia
Published: March 2022

Background:

CHD increases the risk of infective endocarditis due to the substrate of prosthetic materials and residual lesions. However, lesion-specific and mortality risks data are lacking. We sought to analyse clinical course and mortality of infective endocarditis in a cohort of adult CHD.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of all cases of proven and probable infective endocarditis (Duke’s criteria) followed in our adult CHD clinic between 1970 and August, 2021. Epidemiological, clinical and imaging data were analysed. Predictors of surgical treatment and mortality were assessed using regression analysis.

Results:

During a mean follow-up of 15.8 ± 10.9 years, 96 patients had 105 infective endocarditis episodes, half with previous cardiac surgery (corrective or palliative). The most frequent diagnoses were: ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia. The site of infection was identified by echocardiography in 82 episodes (91%), most frequently in aortic (n = 27), tricuspid (n = 15), and mitral (n = 13) valves. Blood cultures were positive in 79% of cases, being streptococci (n = 29) and staphylococci (n = 23) the predominant pathogens. Surgery was necessary in 40% and the in-hospital mortality was 10.5%, associated with heart failure (p < 0.001; OR 13.5) and a non-surgical approach (p = 0.003; OR 5.06).

Conclusions:

In an adult CHD cohort, infective endocarditis was more frequent in patients with ventricular septal defect and bicuspid aortic valves, which contradicts the current guidelines that excludes them from prophylaxis. Surgical treatment is often required and mortality remains substantial. Prevention of this serious complication should be one of the major tasks in the care of adults with CHD.
Hypotension associated with azithromycin infusion in children with heart failure: a case report
Authors: Zanaboni Dominic , Vitale Carolyn
Published: March 2022

We report two cases of acute hypotension after intravenous azithromycin administration in children with acute, decompensated heart failure. In each of our reported cases, azithromycin was being used to treat possible Mycoplasma myocarditis. In this report, we aim to describe hypotension as a potentially rare adverse reaction to intravenous azithromycin and encourage judicious use in patients with cardiac dysfunction.
High variability in cardiac education and experiences during United States paediatric critical care fellowships
Authors: Hanson Amy E. , Mastropietro Christopher W. , Murphy Lee D. , Rowan Courtney M.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Paediatric cardiac critical care continues to become more sub-specialised, and many institutions have transitioned to dedicated cardiac ICUs. Literature regarding the effects of these changes on paediatric critical care medicine fellowship training is limited.

Objective:

To describe the current landscape of cardiac critical care education during paediatric critical care medicine fellowship in the United States and demonstrate its variability.

Methods:

A review of publicly available information in 2021 was completed. A supplemental REDCap survey focusing on cardiac ICU experiences during paediatric critical care medicine fellowships was e-mailed to all United States Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education-accredited paediatric critical care medicine fellowship programme coordinators/directors. Results are reported using inferential statistics.

Results:

Data from 71 paediatric critical care medicine fellowship programme websites and 41 leadership responses were included. Median fellow complement was 8 (interquartile range: 6, 12). The majority (76%, 31/41) of programmes had a designated cardiac ICU. Median percentage of paediatric critical care medicine attending physicians with cardiac training was 25% (interquartile range: 0%, 69%). Mandatory cardiac ICU time was 16 weeks (interquartile range: 13, 20) with variability in night coverage and number of other learners present. A minority of programmes (29%, 12/41) mandated other cardiac experiences. Median CHD surgical cases per year were 215 (interquartile range: 132, 338). When considering the number of annual cases per fellow, programmes with higher case volume were not always associated with the highest case number per fellow.

Conclusions:

There is a continued trend toward dedicated cardiac ICUs in the United States, with significant variability in cardiac training during paediatric critical care medicine fellowship. As the trend toward dedicated cardiac ICUs continues and practices become more standardised, so should the education.
The impact of an employer match and automatic enrollment on the savings behavior of public-sector workers
Authors: Falk Justin , Karamcheva Nadia S.
Published: March 2022

We use administrative data on federal civilian workers' accounts in their employer-provided defined contribution plan, called the thrift savings plan (TSP), to provide new evidence on the effects of employer matching and defaults on workers' savings behavior. The empirical analysis relies on exogenous variation stemming from two natural experiments caused by policy changes to the TSP: the establishment of an employer match for workers hired after 1983 and the introduction of automatic enrollment for workers hired after July 2010. We find that the introduction of the employer match lead to a higher increase in both participation and contribution rates compared to the subsequent switch to automatic enrollment. In terms of portfolio allocations, we find that matching and automatic enrollment had small and minimal effects, respectively.
Cultural evolution: Protecting “digital cultural property” in armed conflict
Authors: Alcala Ronald
Published: March 2022

As an emerging and largely unfamiliar form of cultural heritage, digital cultural property remains something of an enigma. Under the law of armed conflict, States are bound to protect cultural property from harm, yet the rules applicable to traditional cultural property do not transfer neatly to digital works. It is unclear, for example, how the twin obligations to safeguard and respect cultural property, as outlined in the 1954 Hague Cultural Property Convention, should apply to digital creations – or even what digital material appropriately qualifies as cultural property. Can only new digital creations, otherwise known as “born-digital” material, be cultural property? What about high-quality copies of existing works, such as an extremely high-resolution image of the Mona Lisa? Does it matter whether a digital work has been reproduced in large quantities? Given the ubiquity of digital media and the growing popularity of digital art and other works, protecting digital cultural property in the event of armed conflict will require States to consider and resolve as-yet undecided questions concerning the nature of digital creations and the reasons why certain works should be preserved.
Mealtime Behavior and Depressive Symptoms in Late-Life Marriage
Authors: Ali Talha , McAvay Gail , Monin Joan K.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This study examined whether one spouse’s mealtime behaviors were associated with their own and their partner’s depressive symptoms among older, married couples. We examined gender differences in these associations and tested marital satisfaction as a mediator of these associations. 101 couples self-reported mealtime behavior (number of meals, snacks, fast-food meals, and meals eaten alone), depressive symptoms, and marital satisfaction. Results of the actor partner interdependence model revealed a statistically significant actor effect of the number of fast-food meals on depressive symptoms and a significant partner effect of the number of fast-food meals and the number of meals eaten alone on depressive symptoms. There were also gender differences: Husbands’ marital satisfaction mediated the effect of meals eaten alone on depressive symptoms; wife’s marital satisfaction mediated the effect of the husband’s meals eaten alone, and wife’s number of fast-food meals on the wife’s depressive symptoms. Findings have implications for dyadic interventions to improve depressive symptoms.
Validation of a Computer-Based Version of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire
Authors: Dahm Stephan F.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A computer-based version of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ-2) was tested and compared with the print version. Psychometric characteristics of the print version were replicated with the computer-based version using a between-subject design in Study 1 ( n 1 = 240; n 2 = 254) and using a within-subject design in Study 2 ( N = 285). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the three-dimensional structure of the VMIQ-2. Model fits, test–retest reliability, interfactor correlations, and correlations with other questionnaires did not differ significantly between the computer-based and print versions. Convergent validity was shown by significant correlations with the Movement Imagery Questionnaire 3. The computer-based version of the VMIQ-2 is considered a valid instrument to measure vividness of action imagery.
Hallett‐Mossop Rime Splintering Dims Cumulus Clouds Over the Southern Ocean: New Insight From Nudged Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations
Authors: Atlas R. L. , Bretherton C. S. , Khairoutdinov M. F. , Blossey P. N.
Published: March 2022

In clouds containing both liquid and ice with temperatures between −3°C and −8°C, liquid droplets collide with large ice crystals, freeze, and shatter, producing a plethora of small ice splinters. This process, known as Hallett‐Mossop rime splintering, and other forms of secondary ice production, can cause clouds to reflect less sunlight and to have shorter lifetimes. We show its impact on Southern Ocean shallow cumuli using a novel suite of five global storm‐resolving simulations, which partition the Earth's atmosphere into 2–4 km wide columns. We evaluate simulated clouds and radiation over the Southern Ocean with aircraft observations from the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES), and satellite observations from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and Himawari. Simulations with large concentrations of ice crystals in boundary layer clouds, which agree better with SOCRATES observations, have reduced mixed‐phase cumulus cloud cover and weaker shortwave cloud radiative effects (CREs) that are less biased compared with CERES. Using a pair of simulations differing only in their treatment of Hallett‐Mossop rime splintering, we show that including this process increases ice crystal concentrations in cumulus clouds and weakens shortwave CREs over the Southern Ocean by 10 W m−2. We also demonstrate the key role that global storm‐resolving models can play in detangling the effects of clouds on Earth's climate across scales, making it possible to trace the impact of changes in individual cumulus cloud anvils (10 km2) on the radiative budget of the massive Southern Ocean basin (107 km2).
Assimilative Mapping of Auroral Electron Energy Flux Using SSUSI Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) Emissions
Authors: Li J. , Matsuo T. , Kilcommons L. M.
Published: March 2022

Far ultraviolet (FUV) imaging of the aurora from space provides great insight into the dynamic coupling of the atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere on global scales. To gain a quantitative understanding of these coupling processes, the global distribution of auroral energy flux is required, but the inversion of FUV emission to derive precipitating auroral particles' energy flux is not straightforward. Furthermore, the spatial coverage of FUV imaging from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) altitudes is often insufficient to achieve global mapping of this important parameter. This study seeks to fill these gaps left by the current geospace observing system using a combination of data assimilation and machine learning techniques. Specifically, this paper presents a new data‐driven modeling approach to create instantaneous, global assimilative mappings of auroral electron total energy flux from Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) emission data from the Defense Meteorological System Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI). We take a two‐step approach; the creation of assimilative maps of LBH emission using optimal interpolation, followed by the conversion to energy flux using a neural network model trained with conjunction observations of in‐situ auroral particles and LBH emission from the DMSP Special Sensor J and SSUSI instruments. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of this approach with a model prototype built with DMSP data from 17 February 2014 to 23 February 2014. This study serves as a blueprint for a future comprehensive data‐driven model of auroral energy flux that is complementary to traditional inversion techniques to take advantage of FUV imaging from LEO platforms for global assimilative mapping of auroral energy flux.
Hybrid Physically Based and Deep Learning Modeling of a Snow Dominated, Mountainous, Karst Watershed
Authors: Xu Tianfang , Longyang Qianqiu , Tyson Conor , Zeng Ruijie , Neilson Bethany T.
Published: March 2022

Snow dominated mountainous karst watersheds are the primary source of water supply in many areas in the western U.S. and worldwide. These watersheds are typically characterized by complex terrain, spatiotemporally varying snow accumulation and melt processes, and duality of flow and storage dynamics because of the juxtaposition of matrix (micropores and small fissures) and karst conduits. As a result, predicting streamflow from meteorological inputs has been challenging due to the inability of physically based or conceptual hydrologic models to represent these unique characteristics. We present a hybrid modeling approach that integrates a physically based, spatially distributed, snow model with a deep learning karst model. More specifically, the high‐resolution snow model captures spatiotemporal variability in snowmelt, and the deep learning model simulates the corresponding response of streamflow as influenced by complex surface and subsurface properties. The deep learning model is based on the Convolutional Long Short‐Term Memory (ConvLSTM) architecture capable of handling spatiotemporal recharge patterns and watershed storage dynamics. The hybrid modeling approach is tested on a watershed in northern Utah with seasonal snow cover and variably karstified carbonate bedrock. The hybrid models were able to simulate streamflow at the watershed outlet with high accuracy. The spatial and temporal recharge and discharge patterns learned by the ConvLSTM model were then examined and compared with known hydrogeologic information. Results suggest that ConvLSTM simulates streamflow with higher accuracy than reference models for the study area and provides insight into spatially influenced hydrologic responses that are unavailable within lumped modeling approaches.
General dental practitioner views on the current and future provision of advanced NHS restorative dentistry services: a cross-sectional survey in England
Authors: O´Connor Christopher , Bridges-Smith Francis , Docherty Ciara , Research Network Northern Dental Practice Based , Holliday Richard
Published: March 2022

Introduction Advanced NHS restorative dentistry services are an important aspect of patient care. Managed clinical networks (MCNs) have been proposed as a future model of care.

Aim To assess general dental practitioners' (GDPs') satisfaction with the current provision of advanced NHS restorative dentistry services and assess their views on MCNs.

Methods A self-administered, online survey was distributed by the Northern Dental Practice Based Research Network and was shared on social media.

Results In total, 108 responses were received from GDPs working in England; 55% in the North East. GDPs felt current services for periodontics, endodontics, tooth surface loss and temporomandibular disorders were the most important and were most unsatisfied with periodontics, endodontics and tooth surface loss. The most important barriers to current referral practice were previous referral rejections and the return of costly treatment plans. Opinions were favourable towards the proposed MCNs, with one-third of participants feeling they were already suitable to apply to deliver Level 2 services. There was a notable imbalance between sexes, with fewer female dentists (57%) registering interest in joining an MCN compared to their male counterparts (76%) and female dentists also identifying more barriers to join MCNs, including access to suitable training. Recent graduates were least likely to cite a lack of time as a barrier to engaging with MCNs.

Conclusions GDPs are currently unsatisfied with advanced NHS restorative dentistry services but appear keen to engage with MCNs. The survey identified important insights which may help healthcare planners develop services.
The mmu_circRNA_37492/hsa_circ_0012138 function as potential ceRNA to attenuate obstructive renal fibrosis
Authors: Cheng Xu , Ai Kai , Yi Lei , Liu Wentao , Li Yijian , Wang Yinhuai , Zhang Dongshan
Published: March 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of certain renal diseases, however, the function and mechanism of them in renal fibrosis remains largely unknown. In the present study, RNA expression data in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys was obtained from our previous circRNA Microarray and public Gene Expression Omnibus datasets to construct a ceRNA network. The effects of target circRNA as long as the homologous human circRNA on renal fibrosis was examined in vitro and in vivo. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was further performed among genes regulated by the human circRNA. We found that circRNA_37492, showing well connection degree in the ceRNA network, was abundant expression and high sequence conservation. We observed that the expression of circRNA_37492 was induced by the TGF-β1 or UUO in BUMPT cells and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. In vitro, cytoplasmic circRNA_37492 inhibited type I, III collagen and fibronectin deposition by sponging miR-7682-3p and then upregulated its downstream target Fgb. In vivo, overexpression of circRNA_37492 attenuated fibrotic lesions in the kidneys of UUO mice via targeting miR-7682-3p/Fgb axis. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0012138, homologous with circRNA_37492, may potentially target miR-651-5p/FGB axis in human renal fibrosis. Not only that, GO and KEGG enrichment revealed that hsa_circ_0012138-regulated genes were previously demonstrated to related to the fibrosis. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrated that circRNA_37492 attenuated renal fibrosis via targeting miR-7682-3p/Fgb axis, and the homologous hsa_circRNA_0012138 was speculated as a possible ceRNA to regulate multiple gene expressions and involve in human renal fibrosis, suggesting that circRNA_37492/hsa_circ_0012138 may serve as potent therapy target for obstructive renal fibrosis disease.