bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and epidemiological analysis of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillo-facial area in children
Authors: Birmukhanova A. U. , Tokbergenova A. T. , Almuratova A. S. , Uzhakhova R. M. , Baibulova Zh. B.
Published: December 2023

Children of the Karaganda region have a high prevalence of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. For this purpose, epidemiological material was collected and analyzed from 426 children aged 1 to 17 years inclusive; distribution of medical records of an inpatient was carried out depending on the nosological form of the inflammatory process and covered the period from 2018 to 2022. in the SOE «Multiprofile hospital named after Kh. M. Makazhanov» (Karaganda city), nosological forms: acute purulent periostitis; acute odontogenic osteomyelitis, abscess and phlegmon. In the comparative structure of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region, acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaw predominates – 41.8 %, the second place is occupied by odontogenic phlegmon – 36.6 %, followed by acute purulent periostitis – 15 %, odontogenic abscess – 6.6 %.

Studies on the level, structure and prevalence of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region in children, depending on the place of residence, revealed that in children of urban areas the highest incidence rate was found for acute odontogenic osteomyelitis. Whereas in rural children odontogenic phlegmon and odontogenic abscess occurred on average 2.2 times more often than in urban children, which indicates the severity of the development of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region in them.

Thus, in our studies, a relationship was found in the prevalence of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region between the age characteristics of children and their place of residence.
The usege of rigid fixation of dental splints in the treatment of patients with fractures of the lower jaw
Authors: Tokbergenova A. T. , Seitzhanova A. D. , Zakisheva S. M. , Asanidze Z. E. , Almuratova A. S. , Zhangazin M. N.
Published: December 2023

The aim of our research was to study the effectiveness of rigid fixation in mandibular fractures. For this purpose, a study of 200 inpatients of the maxillofacial department was conducted. The study included 64 patients with jaw fractures who passed the criteria for inclusion in the study and the formation of the main group and the comparison group. The research methods were: assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity, clinical and radiological examination, electromyographic examination. The results of the study were evaluated at 3, 14, 22 days and after 3 months. After 3 months from the moment of hospitalization in all patients of the main group, a newly formed callus, complete bone radiological consolidation of fragments is clearly visible. In patients of the comparison group, a newly formed callus was clearly visible in the fracture gap. In 7 patients, complete bone radiological consolidation of fragments occurred. According to the results of electromyography, we found that in patients of the main group, whose treatment consisted in the imposition of rigid fixation of dental splints, a more complete recovery of the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles proper – 3 months after the injury, the comparison group – 380±10 μV, the main group – 510±10 µV. Conclusions: The use of rigid fixation in the treatment of mandibular fractures significantly reduces the duration of treatment in patients by 8 days of treatment compared with the traditional method.
Analysis of the current state of excursion activities by the example of the work of a tour guide in the Almaty region
Authors:   TAU CAMPING KZ LLP, Salimova Vagida
Published: December 2023

Excursion activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan play a significant role in the formation of the country’s tourism potential, providing unique opportunities for studying and understanding the historical, cultural and natural resources of the Almaty region and the Zhetysu region. This article is aimed at analyzing the current state of excursion activities in Kazakhstan, including identifying the main factors contributing to its development, as well as the obstacles and challenges faced by excursion programs and organizations. Particular attention is paid to issues of infrastructure and quality of services provided. The study also addresses issues of standardization, certification and professional training of personnel in the field of excursion tourism. The study also aims to examine the influence of information platforms, especially social networks, on the choice and purchase of tours, as well as to evaluate the information provided about routes and safety presented in the promotional offer of the Kolsai-Kaindy tour. The author tried to identify the differences between the ideal and real experiences of consumers of tourism services, to identify key aspects that can be improved to improve the quality of service and safety of tourists.
Falconry as a type of active tourism in Kazakhstan and the world
Authors:   Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture, Sadykova Alina , Dimitrov Irina ,   Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture
Published: December 2023

This article presents an overview of the current problem of modern Kazakhstan - the state of the promising industry of active tourism - "falconry". For a more complete understanding of the need for further development of this tourism industry, we turned to the coverage of the above-mentioned topic on the example of other countries where falconry has reached a high level of development today. After all, for the Republic of Kazakhstan, falconry is not only a powerful factor of economic development, an important component of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the opportunity to manifest one's art in this hunt, unity with nature, a fascinating spectacle, the possibility of closer intra-republican and international communication, an activity that sharply throws adrenaline, but also an opportunity to preserve the tradition of ancestors and pass on to the next generation. Cash injections of tourists will help improve the economic situation of the country, create new jobs and conditions for the development of sustainable tourism.
Dampak Adiksi Pornografi Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial Remaja
Authors: Salsabila Sifa , Okta Sari Resti
Published: December 2023

Adolescence is a phase of life that all humans will definitely pass through. This phase is very important because during adolescence a person will search for their own identity. Apart from that, the current condition of teenagers will influence the conditions when teenagers approach adulthood and play an active role in productive life and social life in society. Today's technological developments are very sophisticated and easy to access, one of which is access to pornographic films which are very easily accessed by teenagers which results in addiction to watching pornographic films repeatedly and will affect their social life behavior when interacting in the community such as not being able to socialize because they are closed and not confident and in the school environment teenagers will have difficulty concentrating on studying and will be alone away from their friends because of their lack of self-confidence. The method used in this research is the observation method, namely a data collection technique carried out through observations, accompanied by notes on the condition or behavior of the target object. Many teenagers have girlfriends at a very young age and even hold hands easily in society because the films they watch are not appropriate for their age, which makes them curious in the phase of finding their identity. The aim of this research is to find out how teenagers behave regarding the impact of pornography addiction. The results of this research show that many teenagers behave negatively and begin to imitate sexual acts towards anyone.
Keywords: Pornography, Teenagers, Social Life
Suitability of rainy-season crops for late-sown rainfed conditions
Authors: B. L. SHARMA. P. K. SHARMA  , V. D. FAGERIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1987-89 at Duragapura to find out suitability of crops for late (August) sowing under rainfed conditions. The results varied with pattern of rainfall. The data showed stability of clusterbean [Cyamopsis fefragonoloba(L.) Taubert] across the season irrespective of rainfall situation, as it gave the maximum grain yield under late planting during all the 3 years. Under low rainfall as in 1987 and under unevenly distributed rainfall as in 1989, pearlmillet [Pennrretunt glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] did not produce grain but yielded precious fodder. Under good rainfall as in 1988, psarlmillet was the most useful and productive crop. Late sowing in August reduced the yield drastically. -,. ..I--
Response of late-sown safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) to irrigation
Authors: P. D. BHALERAO  , P. N. JADHAO  , G. R. FULZELE
Published: December 2023

Being a deep-rooted crop, safflower 30 cm spacing by dibbling method on 31 (Carthamus tinctori~rs L.) has greater October, 3 and 1 November during 1986, capacity to exploit moisture from deeper soil 1988 and 1990 respectively. N @ 25 kgha layers. However, when the crop is sow11 after and P,O, @ 25 kgha were applied through harvest of the rainy season (kharij) crops, diammonium phosphate at the time of viz. sorghum, soybean, blackgram and sowing. Necessary precautions to check the groundnut, the moisture retained in the soil irrigation water from one plot to another was . may not be sufficient to meet its taken by keeping die border of 2 m between requirements. Singh and Singh (1980) 2 plots. The crop was irrigated according to reported that application of Irrigation to the treatments under study. safflower increases the yield substantially During 1986, application of 4 irrigations compared with unirrigated. Therefore, the (I,,) recorded significar~tly higher yield than investigation was taken up to ascertain the all the other treatments (Table 1). and 3 irrigations (I,,,) critical growth stages of late-sown crop of Differences in 2 (I,) safflower for getting higher yield. were not significant. Yield levels during An experiment was conducted at Akola 1986 was low because of shallow soil. on shallow soil (20 cm deprli) during 1986 During 1988 and 1990 also, 4 irrigations (I,,) on the medium black soil (60 cm depth) recorded the highest yield, followed by 2 during winter (rabi) seasons of 1988 and irrigations (I,) at 35 and 55 days after , . 1990, after rl~e harvest of groundnut crop. sowing. Similar trend was also observed in The mean rainfall during October-March pooled analysis. From the pooled average, it was 18.6 mm. The experiment was vitiated was observed that increase in yield wit! due to post-sowing rains during 1987 (94.5 application of 4 irrigations (I,,), 2 irrigations mrn) and 1989 (54.8 mm). The total rainfall (I,) and 1 irrigation of 0,) was 71, 61 and received during crop period in 1986, 1988 36% respectively over no irrigation (I,,). and 1990 was 11.4, 13.2 and 12.8 mm Similar results were also reported by Zaman respectively. Fourteen irrigation treatments and Das (1990). Irrigation applied at later (Table 1) were tested in randomized block stages of crop growth, i.e. flowering and design with 3 replications. The gross and net seed development (I, and I,), had no -. plot sizes were 3.6 m x 4.2 m md 2.7 m x significant advantage over no irrigation (I,,). 3.6 m respectively. The variety Bhima was These results indicated that earlier stages of sown after pre-sowing irrigation at 45 cm x crop are most critical and responsive for
Eeffect of dry seeding and nitrogen level on improved genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under rainfed condition
Authors: A. BALASUBRAMANIAN  , K RAMAMOORTHY  , S. PURUSHOTHAMAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during north-east monsoon seasons of 1986-87 to 1990-91 at Coimbatore, to shidy the effect of dry seeding and nitrogen levels on some improved genotypes of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench]. ?he dry seeding or premonsoon sowing, i.e. 1 week or 2 weela before onset of monsoon (38th-39th standard week), was superior to normal seeding in increasing grain (33%) and straw (8.3%) yields of sorghum and rainfall-use efficiency (28%). N @ 40 kgha was economical for dry-seeded sorghum in rainfed Vertisol. Under moderate rainfall of 300 mm in the shorter growing season of 8Ck85 days, SPV 351 (CSV Ill, 102 days) performed better and was stable, followed by hybrid COH 4 (100-102 days) than SPV 462 (Co 26 110 days), which yielded better only under longer growing season. - -2 -
Effect of method of fertilizer application and weed control on nutrient uptake by mustard (Brassica juncea) and associated weeds u. P. SmGH , S. P. S m G F
Authors: U. P. SINGH  , S. P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during the winter seasons of 1985-86 and 1986-87 with Kranti mustard [Brasskujuncea (L.) Czxnj. & Cosson] showed that side placement of NPK fertilizers near the crop rows at sowing and side-dressing of urea in the standing crop ~ i g ~ c a n t l y reduced the dry-matter production and NPK removal by weeds compared with broadcast application of fertilizers at both the stages. One hand-weeding with or without hoeing and pre-emergence application of isopomron @ 0.75 kglha and thiobencarb @ 1.0 kgha also caused considerable reduction in the dry weight of weeds and NPK removal by them compared with the unweeded check. The reverse was true for mustard crop as regards dry-matter production and NPK uptake.
Economic analysis of wheat (Triticurn aestivum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based crop sequences
Authors: S. D. SAWARKAR  , S. K. PANNASE  , B. M. GOYDANI
Published: December 2023

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Influence of sowing date on phase duration and accumulation of dry matter in spikes of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: S K. TEWARII MAHENDRA SINGH
Published: December 2023

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Effect of post-monsoon irrigation, Rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen on yield and yield attributes of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajar)
Authors: J. R. PATEL  , Z. G. PATEL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1989 and 1990 to study the effect of post-n~onsoon irrigation, Rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen on yield and yield attributes of BDN 2 pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan 6.) Millsp.] in Vertisol of south Gujarat. Irrigation treatments except control did not differ significantly for their effect on grain yield but gave significantly higher grain yield over no irrigation (control). Among the irrigated treatments, irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation (IW : CPE) ratio of 0.25 showed its superiority to the others and recorded the higher grain yield of 17.39 qtha. The seed treatment with Rhizobium did not exert its significant effect on seed yield, while the application of nitrogen @ 20 kgha -gave significantly highest (18.32 qha) grain yield.
Integrated weed control and its economics in soybean (GZycine max) grown in Mollisols of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: A. S. CHANDEL  , S. C. SAXENA  , K. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1988 and 1989: Ten treatments were with and without 1 hand-weeding (fluchloralin @ 1.0 kgha preplant soil incorporated, metolachlor @ 1.0 kg/ ha, alachlor @ 2.0 kgha, pendimethalin @ 0.5 kgha all as pre-emergence), 2 hand-weedings at 30 and 45 days and weedy (check). Dominant weeds were Cyperus rotundus L. (45%), Echinochloa spp. (35%). Trionthem portulacastrum L. (10%) and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (5%) in soybean [Glycine mnx (L.) Merr.]. Alachlor @ 2.0 kgha + 1 hand-weeding resulted ih maximum decrease in dry matter (94.5%) of weed. Integration of 1 hand-weeding was significantly superior to pure herbicide treatments. Alachlor @ 2.0 kgha gave the highest seed yield, which was 36.4% more than weedy check and resulted in highest net return.
Effect of cutting management and nitrogen fertilization on dry-fodder production of Zseilema h u m under natural grassland condition
Authors: S. G. SAVALIA  , R. P. S. AHLAWAT  , M. G. PATEL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1991 and 1992 at Paria, to shldy the effect of cutting management and nitrogen application on dry-fodder production of Iseilema h u m Hack. in natural grassland condition. The pooled results revealed that 2cut management resulted in significantly higher dry grass as weU as protein yield over 1 cut. However, methods of nitrogen application showed non-significant treatment difference among them. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the dry-grass yield up to 40 kg N.lha, while protein yield up to the higher level of 60 kg Nha Incremental cost :benefit ratio between the cutting managements was higher in 2 cuts and among the N levels with 20 kg Nha
Effect of seed priming and rate on direct-seeded,. rainfed summer rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: R. THAKURIA  , N. N. SARMA
Published: December 2023

Rainfed summer rice (Oryza sativa L.) panicle number and filled grainslpanicle, suffers from frequent drought conditions, re-. and better N, P and K uptake and water-use sulting in very low and fluctuating yield. efficiency, thereby giving significantly Seed priming induces drought tolerance to higher yield than the other treatments the crop. In view of this, a field experiment (Tables 1, 2). Similar observations were was conducted to study the effect of potas- made by Peeran and Natanasabapathy sium as priming material on the plant- (1 980) and Borgohain (1988). However, water-relationship and ultimately on yield of grain yield was significantly higher when direct-seeded summer rice and also to find the seed rate was 70 kglha. The lower was out an optimum seeding rate of primed seed. the seed rate the higher was the number of The study was carried out at Jorhat during grainslpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and wa- summer 1989 in a randomized block design. ter-use efficiency (Table 1). Interaction of The soil was sandy loam with pH 5.25 (1 : seed priming and seed rate on grain yield 2), organic carbon 0.935% and available N, 2720, 0.25 and 1556 kfla re- TaM 1. Grain yield (@a) of IR 50 rice as affected 4 spectively. the interaction between seed priming and seed The treatments consisted of- seed priming . rate with KC1 solution @ 0,3,4,5 and 6% along - with the normal practice of dry seeding and Seed Seed rate (kglha) 3 seed rates of IR 50 (70, 85 and 100 kg/ priming ha). The seeds were air-dried under shade 7O 85 100 Mean after priming to bring the moisture content Dry seeding 7.82 9.09 9.25 8.72 to normal before sowing. The seeds were 0% 10.81 8.49 8.44 9.25 sown in lines 25 cm apart on 25 March 1989 3% 11.08 10.67 10.35 10.70 and the crop matured in 118 days. Fertiliz- 4% 13.75 11.58 11.36 12.23 ers were applied @ 40, 20 and 20 kg N, 5% 12.75 11.40 11.13 11.76 P20, and K20ha respectively. The con- 6% 12.03 9.97 10.95 10.98 sumptive use of water in the crop was esti- Mean 11.37 10.20 10.24 mated by using the soil-m~isture~depletion method and the water-use efficiency by di- = CD (P 0.05) viding the grain yield with consumptive use. Seed priming 0.46 Seed priming with 4% KC1 resulted in Seed rate 0.33 the significantly highest plant population, !nteraction 0.80
Response of soybean to nitrogen and phosphorus (Glycine max)
Authors: L. PRADHAN  , D. ROUT  , B. K. MOHAPATRA
Published: December 2023

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is rus was applied as basal through single su- recently introduced for cultivation in Orissa. perphosphate. A uniform dose of K20 @ Hence an experiment was conducted during 40 kgha was applied at sowing as muriate the rainy season of 1991 at Bhubaneshwar, of potash. Soybean cv. BR 2 was sown to study the effect of different levels of on 7 July 1991 with the spacing 45 cm x nitrogen and phosphorus on its grain yield 5 cm. and piotein content under rainfed ccnaition. Nitrogen @ 40 kg/ha significantly in- The soil belongs to the order Oxisol, and creased the seed yield and yield-attributing is loam in texture with pH 5.6. It was low in paraheters over the control (Table 1). The organic carbon (0.41%) and medium in yield increase at 40 and 80 kg Nha was 45 available phosphorus (14.4 kgha) and avail- and 52% compared with the control respec- able potassium (139.0 kg/ha). The treat- tively. The enhancement in grain yield ments consisting of similar combinations of could be attributed to cumulative effects of 3 levels of N and P20, (0,40 and 80 kglha) number of fertile pods/plant and 100-seed arranged in randomized block design with 3 weight. This is in agreement with the obser- replications. Nitrogen in form of urea was vations of Jayapaul and Ganesaraja (1 990). applied as basal and 3 weeks after germina- But increasing the dose of fertilizer N to 80 tion in 2 equal splits, whereas total phospho- kg/ha did not record any significant re-
Long-term effect of manuring in pearlmillet (Pennisetum g1aucum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system on soil fertility and yield stability
Authors: HANUMAN PRASAD  , S. S. MANOHAR  , D. S. NATHAWAT
Published: December 2023

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Weed shift in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: K. N. AHUJA  , N. T. YADURAJU
Published: December 2023

A study was carried out to examine the shift in weed flora in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.1-wheat (Triticum aeslivum L. emend. Fiori & Wol.) cropping system due to weed-control practices. Fluchloralin due to effective control of weeds compared with hand-weeding, where regiowth of weeds e s p cially of Cyperus was observed, recorded significantly higher yield of pigeonpea. Isoproturon and 2,4-D due to,better weed control recorded higher yield of wheat compared with the con- trol. Shift in weed florr: was noticed from dicots in the first year to monocots in the second year only during the rainy season.
Effect of spatial arrangement and phosporus fertilization in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system
Authors: P. M. NIMJE
Published: December 2023

A 2-year experiment was conducted on a clayey deep Vertisols of Bhopal to study the effect of row ra- tios and phosphorus fertilization on pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan 6 . ) Millsp.]soybean [Glycine mar 6 . ) (Merr.)] intercropping system. At 120 cm row spacing higher, number of branches, graindpod and yield were recorded in sole croppirig compared with intercropping systems. Among intercropping, 1 : 3 ratio gave significantly higher number of branches, pods, graindpod, 1,000-grain weight and grain yield than 1 : 1 ra- tio, and pigeonpea-yield equivalent increased by 31.6 and 35.3% over 1 : 1 ratio and sole pigeonpeaat 60 cm row spacing respectively. The highest landequivalent ratio (1.39), monetary yield advantage (Rs 6,712/ hala) and benefit : cost ratio of 2.8 were recorded at 1 : 3 row ratio, followed by 1 : 2 row ratio (27.5% higher pigeonpea-grain-yield equivalent over sole pigeonpea at 60 cm row spacing). Consumptive water use and water-use efficiency also increased with intercropping at higher row ratios of 1 : 2 and 1 : 3. lncrease in the dose of 30 kg to 90 kg P@Qa resulted in increase of grain yield of both pigeonpea and soybean. The pigeonpea-grain-yield equivalent was increased by 28.2%, the water-use efficiency by 7.7 kgha-cm, net profit by Rs 5,733rna and benefit : cost ratio by 3.45.
Effect of clipping height on herb and oil content of Java citronella (Cy mbopogon w interianus)
Authors: S. N. CHOUDHURY  , ANIL C. GHOSH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1989-92 to determine the optimum clipping height of Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterinnus Jowitt). Plants clipped at 30 cm.height showed significant increase in dry herbage and essential oil. However, further increase (40 cm) or decrease (5 cm) in the height reduced the yield of the 2 parameters. Leaf-area index was maximur? at 30 cm clipping height, whereas oil content of lrerbage and dry weight and carbohydrate of roots were grzatzr at higher heights used for cl~pping.
Effect of planting date, irrigation and phosphorus ,on chickpea (Cicer arietinunz) grown on clay-loam soil
Authors: O. P. TIWARI  , R. S. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

An introduction of gram or chickpea (Ci- vailing monocropped system. The crop cer arietinu~n L.) in rice fallows of eastern growth and development and its nutrient Madhya Pradesh is a good practice to in- and irrigation needs are great!y governed by crease the per unit area productivity of pre- the planting time of the crop. Keeping this
Productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativaj-based cropping sequences on clay-loam soil
Authors: S. S. PARHAR;R. K. SHUKLA  , D. PA  , NDEY  , V. K. VERMA  , R. B. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted from 1989-90 to 1993-94 revealed that among the different irrigation schedules adopted for individual crop significantly affected wheat (Triticum oesrivutn L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) and Indian mustard [Bmssica juncen (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Among the different cropping se- quences, rice (Oryza sntivo L.)-wheat recorded the highest yield on rice equivalent basis with maximum pl.oduction efficiency. This sequence also secured the highest net return and benefit :cost ratio.
Effect of plant spacing and direction of sowing on growth and yield of rainfed Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: SURAJ BHAN  , S. K. UTTAM  , U. D. AWASTHI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Kanpsr during 1992-93 and 1993-94 to find out the effect of plant spacing and direction of sowing on Indian mustard [Brassica juncen (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. The plant spaclng of 15 cm yielded significantly higher when compared with 25 and 30 cm spacings. Direction of sowing did not differ significantly. East-west sowing showed higher values of yield attributes and yield than No~th-south sowing in both the years.
Effect of intercropping maize (Zea mays) varieties. on autumn- planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: S. N. SINGW D. C. CHAUDHARY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during autumn season of 1988-89 and 1989-90 to screen suitable maize (Zea mays L.) variety best suited to intercropping in autumn-planted CoS 8315 sugarcane (Saccharum officinnrum L.) for its effect on growth, yield, quality of cane and subsequently on economic returns. Irrespective of cane alone treatment, significantly higher number of tillers, rnillable canes and cane yield were recorded under sugarcane + Jaunpuri and CD Pool maize over others. Though all the maize varieties .gave higher cane-equivalent yield and net returns except Opaque as compared to sugarcane alone, but amongst them, CD Pool w a ~found to be promising giving highest cane-equivalent yield (123.73 tonnesha) and net returns (Rs 26,750ha). This increme was 24.61 4 more than the sugarcane alone. Maize variety Opaque as an intercrop reduced the cane yield significantly, resulting in a net loss of returns up to 5.21% compared with sole crop of sugarcane. No significant effect on juice qudity panmeters were noticed due to intercrops.
Influence of row orientation, row spacing and weed-control methods on physiological performance of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: N. N. ANGIRAS  , VINOD SHARMA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications to study the effect of combinations of 3 row directions (north-south, south-west and bi-directional) and 2 spacings (15 cm and 20 cm) + broadcast sowing and 4 weed-control treatments (unweeded check, isoproturon 0.75 kg1 ha, isopmturon 1.50 kglha and hid-weeding twice 30 and 60 days after sowing) on performance of wheat (Triticutn nestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Bi-directional row orientation increased the yield due to increased leaf-area index (LAI), crop-growth rate (CGR), yield attributes and reduced the weed growth nte, followed by north-south mw direction. Closer row spacing of 15 cm reduced the weed dry matter and thus increased the LAI, CGR, yield and yield attributes of wheat over wider row spacing of 20 cm. All the weed-control treatments increased the yield, yield attributes and decreased the weed biomass significantly over the unweeded check. Isoproturon 1.5 kglha was the best among weedcontrol treatments.
Integrated nutrient management in pearlmillet (Pennisehm glaucum) under rainfed conditions
Authors: O. P. S. VERMA
Published: December 2023

Twelve treatments, with the aim of integrating different sources of nutrient (organic, biofertilizer and chemical nitrogen) were tested at Hisar during rainy (kharif) season of 1993 and 1994. The results revealed that-use of biofertilizer or farmyard manure (FYM) @ 2.5 tomesha didnot improve growth, yield and yield parameters of pearlmillet significantly over the control. However, combination of these 2 sources proved significantly better over ihe control as well as individual application of biofertilizer or FVM @ 2.5 tonnesha. Combination of biofertilizer or FYM @ 2.5 tonnesfla with 20 kg Nlha was found statistically at par with 40 kg Nha alone, in terms of yield and yield characters. Combination of 3 sources of nutrients revealed that application of FYM @ 2.5 tonnesfla + 20 kg N I ha + seed treatment with biofertilizer was significantly superior to 40 kg Nha alone in terms of growth and yield attributes, grain and stover yields, net retunsfla and benefit :cost ratio.
Nutrient- and plant-population management in summer greengram (Phaseolus radiatus)
Authors: S. K.  , R. S. DIXIT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during 1989 and 1990 to study the response of summer greengram (Phaseolus rndintus L.) to Rhizobium inoculation, plant population and different levels of phosporus. Rhizobium inoculation delayed 50% flowering, whereas it increased the plant height, number of primary brancheslplant, leaf-area index, net assimilation rate, dry-matter accumulation and ultimately seed yield. Among different row spacings (20,30 and 40 cm), 30 cm exhibited its superiority to 20 and 40 cm. All the growth characters were increased significantly with the increasing levels of phosphorus up to 40 kg P20,1ha. Flowenng was delayed with increasing levels of row spacing and phosphorus.
Effect of irrigation scheduling and other agronomic manipulations on yield and water economy in sugarcane
Authors: R.K. SHARMA  , D.K. VERMA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1988-1989 and 1989-1990 at Main Sugarcane Research Station, Sehore, to evaluate the effect of different irrigation management practices and inigation (IW : CPE) ratio on yield and water economy of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Yield, yield attributes and quality of the cane varied significantly. Jnlshokti 20 kg with irrigation in all the rows and full trash mulch with alternate row irrigation proved better than other practices. An IW : CPE ratio of 0.8 was better than that of 0.5. The net realization (Rsha-mrn of water applied) was considerably high under full trash mulch with alternate row irrigation at 0.5 IW : CPE ratio.
Effect of row spacing ;and seed rates on the yield of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Authors: RAGHUVIR SINGH  , M. P. S. ARYA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment on buckwheat (Fag.opymnt esculentum Moench) was conducted during the rainy seasons (kharij) of 1990 and 19911 under rainfed conditions at Ranichauri. Sowing of buckwheat at 30 cm gave the maximum seed yield (18.35 qlha), being 14.8 and 26.9% higher than 20 and 40 cm row spacings respectively. The highest stalk yield and harvest index (15.97%) were recorded with 30-cm row spacing. The sowing of seed @ 30 kglha gave the maximum seed yield (18.36 qlha), followedby 20 kg seedlha. The stalk yield (98.38 qlha) and harvest index (15.73%) were highest with 30 kg/ha seed rate.
Effect of zinc and nitrogen fertilization on yield and, nutrient uptake of summer rice (Oryza sativu)
Authors: C. M. KHANDA  , L. DIXIT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during summer 1991 and 1992 with 2 sources olyinc (ZIISO, and Zn-EDTA), 2 methods of application (soil and foliar) and 4 levels of nitrogen (0. 30. 60. 00 liptila) along with 4 levels of sole nitrogen in shallow lowlands with suboptimal (0.84 1111111)xi~lc lcvcl at Bhubaneshwar. Rice (Orym safivaL.) variety Sarathi (120 days) was used in Illc csperi~llent. Combined application of zinc and nitrogen recorded grain and straw yields ol40.1 :~nd5 .S tj/I~a I respectively compared with 37.4 and 45.6 qha obtained from nitrogen alone, giving ill1 ;~tlditio~lnl income of Rs 619ha. The uptake of nitrogen and zinc increased progressively with incrc;~sctl lcvcls of nitrogen. Among the methods of application, soil application of zinc was superior to liilii~r sllri~y. v
Urea-nitrogen, yield and nutrient-use efficiency in lowland rice (Oryza sativa) as affected by band placement of urea solution
Authors: P. DEVASENAPATHY  , SP. PALANIAPPAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2 seasons (1992-93) with IR 50 and AIYI 36 rice . . (Orvza sativa L.) to evaluate tlie band placement of urea solution in comparison will1 ll~c convcnlional fertilizer application, neem-coated urea (NCU) application and point placement oll~mi~ suocrgranules. Higher NH+,-N and lower NO-,-N content in the soil was observed with band place~ncnl ~ I L I ~ c ~ I solution in both IR j0 and ADT 36.-~i~her NH+,-N content was observed, 1 dayafter ferlilizcr :~lq)lication and it subsequently decreased. Band placement of one-third urea solution N at 15 tl:~ys alter transplanting, two-thirds N at 35 days after transplanting at 50 and 100 kg Nlha execrtcd ;I signilicant positive influence on the yield parameters, yield of rice, agronomic efficiency and recovery o1N.
Effect of irrigation, seeding date and fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: S. K. PAL  , J. KAUR  , R. THAKUR  , U. N. VERMA  , M. K. SINGh
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1992-93 and 1093 --I4 on si111dy loam soil of Ranchi, to study the effect of irrigation, seeding date and fertilizer 011 gn~wlh nntl yield of wheat (Triticrrrn aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Wheat crop receiving 4 irrignlion ~iii~i~ilaining higher leaf-area index (LAI), dry matter, crop-growth rate (CGR) and net assimil;~lion rille (NAR) resulted in 43 and 14% more grain yield than 2 (22.32 qlha) and 3 itrigations (27.86 qlhii) rcspcclively. 39% Timely-seeded crop (24 November) also recorded higher LAI, dry matter and CGR alitl gi~vc niore grain yield than late seeding 18 December (22.85 @a). Seeding beyond 24 Noveliibcr reduced Ilic grain yield by 37.5 kg/ha/day. Similarly, crop grown with 100% recommended fertilizer Iii~ving liiglicr LAI, NAR and dry-matter accumulation rate gave 35% more grain yield than 50% reco~i~nic~idcd lbrlilizer (23.3 1 qlha).
Effect of nitrogen and row spacing on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) varieties
Authors: M. MAHADEVASWAMY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the main crop seasons of 1992-94 or1 si111dy-loilm soil at Coimbatore, to study the response of 2 early (Co 85002 and Co 85004) and 3 mid-l;~tc (Co 86027, Co 86032 and Co 86038) sugarcane (Saccharurn oflcinarurn L.) varieties to 5 levels olN (0, 100. 200, 300 and 400 kgtha) and 2 row spacings (75 and 90 cm). The number of milli~hlc cancs. Juice- quality characters, yield and yield attributes differed significantly due to row 1rc;llmcnts. ltut row spacings within the variety did not influence the cane and sugar yield. However, incrcilscd planting density at 75 cm, spacing resulted in higher cane and sugar yield in Co 85002. Co 86032 and Co 86038. The different levels of N influenced significantly the number of millablc cilncs. Ici~l-shcalh moisture, cane and sugar yield, but the juice quality was unaffected. The highest cimc ilnd suf;lr yields were recorded at 300 kg Niha. There was a slight reduction in purity (Oh) in early varieties ill 400 kg N/ ha. Significant positive correlation was found between leaf-sheath moisture at ron~l;~livc phtlsc and final cane yield. Quadratic responses to N levels were found significant and based on rnultil1lc-regression equation the optimum N ranged from 239 to 300 kgha for different varieties.
Effect of gypsum application on performance of vetiver (Veteveria zizaniodes) grass in a highly alkali soil
Authors: ASHOK KUMAR  , R. CHHABRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was undertaken during 1989-91 at Gudha Research Farn~, t;ilrnaI in ;I barren alkali soil (initial pH, 10.5). Shoot and root yields of vetiver [Yeteveriazrzanioidc.~ (I..) N;~sli.( wcre significantly lower in the alkali plots compared with gypsum-treated plots. The analysis tilm;!jor and microelcments revealed that most ofthese were relatively more concentrated in ll~c roob than in Ihe shoots. However, K and S were greater in the shoot than in the root. In general, incrcasitlg dosc of gypsum application reduced the Na concentration and enhanced that of Ca, Mg, I(. S, I:c and Mn in 1. the plant. Application of gypsum reduced the pH, electrical conductivity and exchi~ngei~blc N;I olsoil and increased he exchangeable Ca + Mg in all the soil layers up to 45 cm, Ihc cllccl bcing more pronounced in the upper 15 cm soil layer.
Influence of intercropping and nitrogen on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: BLAISE  , GAJENDRA GIRI
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during rainy season (kharfl of I989 and 1990 to study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen on growth and yield of sunflower (Heliunthus annuus L.). and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at New Delhi. Thc intercropping had detrimental effect on growth, yield attributes and pod yield of groundnut. Growth and yicld attributes of sunflower were not affected due to intercropping. However, yield was affected due to varying plant density. N application boosted the growth and yield of sunflower, while groundnut did not respond.
~ f f e c t of phosphorus and farmyard manure application on yield, content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur by potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: SHASHI PAL SINGH  , VINAY SINGH  , RhM LAKHAN
Published: December 2023

In a field experiment conducted during 1990-92 on light-textured soil, the efficiency of farmyard manure (FYM) and phosphatic fertilizer (alone and in combination) was evaluated for potato [Solanum tuberosum L.). Application of P and FYM individually or in combination increased significantly the tuber yield of potato. The concentration of N, P and S in tubers increased with FYM but S content was not affected by applied P. Addition of P and FYM significantly enhanced the uptake of N, P and S by potato tubers.
Response of lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes to spacing in flood-prone area
Authors: N. B. SNGH  , K. K. VERMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during HLJL, 8 HUL 3 l, T 36 and Local) and thc winter season of 1988-89 in flood- 3 row spacings (20, 25 and 30 cm) were prone area oiRapti river in eastern Ultar tested in completely randomized block de- Pradesh, located at Patnaghat, Gorakhpur. sign replicated 3 times. The crop was sown The experimental soil was alluvial sandy on 12 November 1988 and harvested on I8 loam having pH 7.6, and total nitrogen, March 1989. available phosphorus and potassium 343.76, Yield attributes (plant population/m2, -_ 23.92 and 25 1.73 kglha respectively. Seven brancheslplant, podslplant, grainslplant and . . genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) 1,000-grain weight) as well as the grain +;- (Pant L 406, Pant L 209, Pant L 639, yield varied significantly because of various
Chemical control of weeds in saftlower (Carthamus tinctorius)
Authors: JAGJIT SINGH  , B. S. SIDHU
Published: December 2023

S&ov/er (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an terslha), pendimethalin (0.75 and 1.25 li- important oilseed crop. It is poor weed com- terslha), terbutryn (0.50 and 0 75 kglha), petitor at initial stages of growth. A field methabenzthiauron (1.OO and 1.50 kgtha), trial was conducted during winter (rabi) isoproturon (0.75 and 1.00 kglha), 2 hand- season of 1988-89 at Ludhiana, to find out weedings and a unweeded control. The ex- suitable herbicide. The soil was loamy sand, periment was replicated 4 times in having pH 8.0, low in organic carbon randomized block design. (0.17%), available nitrogen (I 12.2 kglha), After the lay out of the experiment, phosphorus (1 1.6 kglha) and medium in fluchloralin was applied before the sowing --- available potassium. The treatment con- (pre-plant) and all other herbicides were ap- - , - sisted of 2 levels of each alachlor (1.5 and plied after the sowing of the experiment as 2.5 litrestha), fluchloralin (0.75 and 1.25 li- pie-emergence. ~
Effect of crop-residue incorporation load on nitrogen require- ment of succeeding crops and soil productivity in rice (Oryza sativa) -wheat (Triticum aestivum) system
Authors: R.S. NARANG  , S.S. BRAR  , SANJEEV KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1992-93 to 1994-95 to investigate the effect of incorporation of variable crop residue loads of combine harvested rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) crops on the nitro- gen requirement of succeeding crops of wheat and rice grown in sequence and soil productivity. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of residue loads in the main plots and 3 of nitrogen (80,120,100 kg Nlha) in the subplots. The crop sequence of wheat followed by rice was taken for 3 years on the same site. An increasing trend was noted in crop yield and productivity with the increase in the level of residue load incorporated. The incorporation of moderate level of crop residue load in conjunction with the application of recommended level of N (120 kglha) not only assisted in increasing the grain yield but also increased the organic matter content, available N and P.
Productivity potential of rice (Oryza sativa) - based cropping - sequences under temperate environment
Authors: M.H. SHAH  , G.M. KHAN  , AMARJIT S. BALI  , K.N. SINGH  , A.S. BALI  , RAIHANA KANTH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted on silty clay-loam soils during rainy and winter seasons from 1992 to 3 995 to detprmine the impact of rice (Olyza sativa L.) - based cropping sequence on productiviv, profitability, energy and sustainability under tem- perate environment. Mean rice grain yield of 51.2 and 56.9 qlha obtained when rice was sequenced with oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) respectively increased to 62.8, 63.6, 64.8 and 67.4 qlha by following lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus), fallow, berseem [Cymopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] and rapeseed respectively. However, highest mean economic returns (Rs 21,8691 ha) and benefit :cost ratio (2.27) were obtained from rice-wheat croping sequence, followed by rice-rapeseed and the lowest recorded by rice-oat cropping sequence. Rice-wheat-based cropping sequence also proved most efficient in terms of rice equivalent, production efficiency, land-use efficiency and energy equivalent.
Productivity and economics Of rice (Oryza sativa)- based crop sequences under mid- to high-altitude temperate zone of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: BADRUL HASAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1987-92 on a silty clay-loam soil to identify appropriate rice (Oryza sativa L.) - based cropping systems with high produc- tivity in mid- to high-altitude temperate zone of Kashmir Valley. Rice, as a base crop, was sequenced with other feasible crops, viz. rapeseed, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.), lentil (Lens ccflinaris Medikus), oat (Avena sativa L.) and ber- seem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). A rice-fallow rotation was also included to repre- sent area where soil is unfit due to waterlogging during winter season. Rice-rape- seed sequence recorded sustainable rice yield on a long-term basis. Rice-wheat sequence secured the highest rice yield equivaient (RYE), net returns and energy outputlha, which was followed by rice-rapeseed sequence. Oat had an adverse im- pact on rice yield sustainability as it decreased the same by 24%.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)- based intercropping system under different sowing environments
Authors: U. SOLAIAPPAN  , N. SUBBARAMAN  , P. DHAMU  , A.A. DASON
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993-94 and 1994-95 to study the performance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) - based intercropping system under different sowing environments. The pre-monsoon cotton recorded significantly higher seed-cotton yield of 677 and 628 kglha during 1993-94 and 1994-95 respectively. An intercropping of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) or clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] reduced the seed-cotton yield and the mean reduction was 10.5 and 12.1% respectively compared with sole cotton. The statistical model with competition co-efticients and correlated error structures used for analysis of the date from intercropping systems revealed that clusterbean combination had a greater suppression effect on seed-cotton yield (r = 0.3918). However, clusterbean, as an intercrop component, could produce the maximum component yield in association.
Potassium fertilization in rice (Olyza sativa) on vertisols of Godavari flood plains
Authors: R.A. RAJU  , K.A. REDDY  , M.N. REDDY
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field investigatpn was carried out at wetland farm of Maruteru during the winter (rabi) 1993-95 on th great Godavari plains. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) IR 64 responded to 60 kg &O/ha. Application of 40 at 40 kglha did not influence the yield and yield attributes when applied either as basal or at active tillering or in 2 equal splits (basal and panicle-initiation stages). However, 40 kg YOIha applied at panicle- initiation stage remarkably enhanced the yield over no K. This treatment was on a par with 60 kg \O/ha, irrespective of method of application. In general, K fertilization showed beneficial effect on grain filling and hawest index and reduced the duration of crop.
Scheduling irrigations for summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: S.S. PARIHAR  , D. PANDEY  , V.K. VERMA  , R.K. SHUKLA  , KS. PANDYA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at Bilaspur during summer seasons of 1994 and 1995 to study the effect of irrigation levels on kernel yield, nutrient uptake and oil yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Irrigating summer groundnut at an 0.8 IW : CPE ratio (irrigation at 75 mm CPE) gave significantly higher podslplant, kernel yield and oil yield and resulted in higher uptake of N, P and K by the plants over 0.6 IW :CPE ratio (irrigation at 100 mm CPE). Irrigations scheduled under 1.0 and 1.2 IW :CPE ratio had no further advantage over an 0.8 IW :CPE ratio. Stress-day index concept proved useful to schedule irrigation in summer groundnut. Water-use effi- ciency (WUE), net and additional returns and input:output ratio were highest with an 0.8 IW :CPE ratio irrigation schedule.
Effect of sowing date and nitrogen levels on growth, yield attributes, yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of niger (Guizotia abyssinica) under rainfed condition
Authors: A.K. PADHl  , B.K. SAHOO
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted for 3 pre-rabi season during 1989-92 to find out the effect of sowing date and nitrogen level on yield of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.). Sowing on 15 August gave the highest yield. The crop respondedfavourably up to 30 kg Nlha with the highest net profit (Rs 3,735lha) and returnlrupee invest- ment (Rs 17). Interaction effect between sowing dates and N on niger was signifi- cant.