bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Battling Voices: Schizophrenia as Social Relation in Abel García Roure's Una cierta verdad [A Certain Truth] (2008)
Authors: Fraser Benjamin
Published: May 2016

Director Abel García Roure studied filmmaking with Joaquim Jordà at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona, and this, his first long-form cinematic product, is a highly nuanced documentary prioritizing the interplay between the film's two privileged groups: providers and patients. The battle of voices we watch unfold on screen is a social dialogue between these two polarized groups of actors. The potential resolution of this conflict—in this Global Disability Studies reading of García Roure's film—seemingly lies outside of the clinical institutions into which we are drawn along with these necessarily social actors. This article linked the content and form of the film through an analysis that bridges its social and spatial context, previous Disability Studies work on Spanish cultural production, and the writings of Michel Foucault. Ultimately, the film suggests that it is the clinical paradigm's low tolerance for nuance and lack of precise tools that in fact perpetuates this ongoing battle of voices. The resulting picture emphasizes schizophrenia as a cognitive disability that must be understood simultaneously as a social relation.
Resistencia a la insulina, cortisol y composición corporal mediante dilución isotópica en niños costarricenses
Authors: Valverde-Vindas A , Quintana-Guzmán E M , Salas-Chaves M P
Published: May 2016

ResumenANTECEDENTES: la obesidad infantil es un proceso que involucra en sí mismo un estrés oxidativo y un estado inflamatorio crónico que estimula la producción de corticosteroides, promueve la aparición temprana de resistencia insulínica y de enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. OBJETIVO: evaluar la composición corporal en población infantil costarricense mediante técnicas de dilución isotópica con deuterio y analizar su relación con el índice de resistencia a la insulina y niveles de cortisol sérico matutino. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: determinación de cortisol sérico matutino y resistencia a la insulina mediante el método homeostático en 113 niños y niñas escolares. Se realiza la comparación por grupos según la clasificación McCarthy para porcentaje de masa grasa, determinada mediante el método de dilución isotópica.RESULTADOS: no se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de masa grasa, según la clasificación McCarthy para las variables de cortisol sérico matutino e índice HOMA (modelo homeostático) de resistencia a la insulina, en la muestra seleccionada.CONCLUSIÓN: en niños y niñas entre 6 y 9 años de edad no se evidencian las características bioquímicas que se esperan del síndrome metabólico, dada la poca exposición temporal al estrés oxidativo que produce la obesidad, determinada por medio de la medición de masa grasa con un método temprano como la dilución isotópica. Asimismo, en edades tempranas los mecanismos de detoxificación renal de los corticosteroides son suficientes para evitar su elevación sérica, protegiendo al niño de sus efectos a largo plazo.
ABOUT THE CLASS, CLASSIFICATION AND SYSTEMATIZATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikoni S.
Published: May 2016

We consider a few classification definitions and explanations in domestic sources. It detected the ambiguity of the classification term. He refers to both the process and its result. It is proposed to call these concepts are different terms. In order to eliminate a number of uncertainties in the interpretation of classification, its methods and systematization of knowledge offered to attract mathematical models of class and system. The models of the formation of classes, used by different methods of classifying objects are considered. Classifying methods properties and classifications obtained on the basis of classifying methods are systematized. Mathematical model of dividing the volume of the concepts is discussed. Wrong choice of the class model is shown on a concrete example. Inductive methods of classifying objects and archetype method are considered. The system model is used to distinguish the processes of classification and systematization. It is illustrated by the example of the Mendeleev periodic system of chemical elements. Classification concepts are refined.
Sample Size Estimation and Power Analysis for Research Studies Using R
Authors: A Suma , Suresh KP
Published: May 2016

Sample size estimation is very crucial in any research design. A research design with less sample size may give a biased result or inconclusive result. A research design with very large sample size than required results is waste of resources, time and energy. So, it is very essential to determine ‘ideal’ or ‘optimum’ sample size. This article gives formulae and R code for determining sample size for single mean, two means, single proportion, two proportions, proportion in survey type data, case control studies, cohort studies, correlation coefficient and difference between correlation coefficients.
Periprosthetic Femoral Stress Fracture After Bisphosphonate Treatment Resulting in Nonunion Successfully Treated with Teriparatide
Authors: Ramani Azaan , Wagner Russell
Published: May 2016

Case:

We present the case of a postmenopausal osteoporotic woman, treated with bisphosphonates, who developed a stress fracture at the tip of a revision femoral component, resulting in nonunion after several operative treatment attempts. The nonunion healed after 7 months of subcutaneous injections of 20 μg/day of teriparatide.

Conclusion:

Teriparatide treatment should be considered for use in recalcitrant stress fractures after total hip arthroplasty.
Determination and Extraction of Acetamiprid Residues in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Nawaz Allah , Niaz Abid , Ilyas Muhammad , Shah Syed Shahid Hussain , Asi Muhammad Rafiq , Ahmad Zahid Ashfaq
Published: May 2016

  Vegetables (chilies, tomato, cauliflower and cucumber) and fruits (mango and apple) samples were spiked with known quantity (0.50 mg kg-1) of acetamiprid reference standard for testing the retrieval percentage of acetamiprid residue in those vegetables and fruits. The efficiency of different extracting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) and eluting (ethyl acetate and dichloromethane + acetone 8:2) solvents and adsorbents (activated charcoal and florisil) for clean up purpose was calculated using HPLC. Amongst the extracting solvents ethyl-acetate was observed an effective extracting solvent alone which produced maximum 90-96%  recovery for acetamiprid residues while among the eluting solvents a combination of dichloromethane and acetone ( ratio 8:2) produced superior recoveries i.e. 87-95%. Similarly, between the adsorbents used for clean up purpose activated charcoal and florisil in tandem (first from charcoal and then through florisil) yielded recoveries 82-90 % whereas adsorbents used alone in form of activated florisil and charcoal recovered only 70 to 78 % and 71 to 73% acetamiprid residues, respectively in all vegetables and fruits.
Synthesis of granular nanozeolite NaA from Phragmites australis for removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon
Authors: Esmaeili Akbar , Movahedi Far Fatemeh
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to synthesize granulated nanozeolite NaA particles from Phragmites australis in order to evaluate their efficacy for removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). The perennial wetlands grass P. australis was chosen for study because it is one of the most abundant plants found growing around oil refineries. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory were used for analysis of the synthesized granulated NaA zeolite nanoparticles (NaA-ZNPs). In batch and continuous experiments, such parameters as adsorbent mass, time, column height, flow rate, and pH were studied. The results were obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The optimum state for preparation of granulated nanozeolite NaA particles was found to be a molar ratio of Na2O:SiO2 of 6 in 3 days. In continuous and batch systems, the highest TPH removal efficiency achieved were 97% and 88%, respectively.
A case study of the conversion of grey water to a flush water source in a Turkish student residence hall
Authors: Giresunlu E. , Beler Baykal B.
Published: May 2016

A case study of the conversion to grey water to a flush water source in a student residence hall of the Turkish megacity Istanbul is presented. Grey water from bathtubs/showers and washbasins is treated and reused for flushing toilets. Raw and membrane bio-reactor (MBR) treated grey water quality was monitored throughout one academic year using parameters to characterize organic matter (COD/BOD), suspended solids (TSS/VSS), nutrients (N/P) and microbiological indicators (total/fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus). For raw grey water, all mean concentrations are below the characteristic concentrations for weak conventional domestic wastewater in terms of physicochemical parameters. However, total coliform concentrations were 7 logs, which is compatible with weak/intermediate conventional domestic wastewater and the mean concentration of fecal coliforms was 6 logs, corresponding to intermediate/strong conventional domestic wastewater. Results of this work revealed that organic matter and microbiological indicators were the important pollutants for this specific grey water. After treatment in an MBR system, grey water quality complied with standards given for reuse as flush water. The student residence hall was a successful example of conversion to grey water as a flush water source. As such, 25% of the wastewater could be revaluated and 25% of the regular daily water supply could be saved.
Molecular Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Humans in Zimbabwe Using 16S Ribosequencing
Authors: Chin’ombe Nyasha , Muzividzi Boniface , Munemo Ellen , Nziramasanga Pasipanodya
Published: May 2016

Background:

Several nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were previously isolated from diverse environments such as water, soil, sewage, food and animals. Some of these NTM are now known to be opportunistic pathogens of humans.

Objective:

The main purpose of the study was to identify NTM isolates stored at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL) and were previously isolated from humans during a national tuberculosis (TB) survey.

Methods:

Pure NTM cultures already isolated from human sputum samples during the national TB survey were retrieved from the NMRL and used for this study. DNA was extracted from the samples and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplicons were sequenced and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the NTM species.

Results:

Out of total of 963 NTM isolates stored at the NMRL, 81 were retrieved for speciation. Forty isolates (49.4%) were found to belong toMycobacterium avium-intracellularecomplex (MAC) species. The other 41 isolates (50.6%) were identified asM. lentiflavum(6.2%),M. terraecomplex (4.9%),M. paraense(4.9%),M. kansasii(3.7%),M. moriokaense(3.7%),M. asiaticum(2.5%),M. novocastrense(2.5%),M. brasiliensis(2.5%),M. elephantis(2.5%),M. paraffinicum(1.2%),M. bohemicum(1.2%),M. manitobense(1.2%),M. intermedium(1.2%),M. tuberculosiscomplex (1.2%),M. parakoreense(1.2%),M. florentinum(1.2%),M. litorale(1.2%),M. fluoranthenivorans(1.2%),M. sherrisii(1.2%),M. fortuitum(1.2%) andM septicum(1.2%). Two isolates (2.5%) could not be identified, but were closely related toM. montefiorenseandM. phleirespectively. Interestingly, the MAC species were the commonest NTM during the survey.

Conclusion:

The study emphasizes the importance of identifying species of NTM in Zimbabwe. Future studies need to ascertain their true diversity and clinical relevance.
Effects of Stenting for Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis on eGFR and Predictors of Clinical Events in the CORAL Trial
Authors: Tuttle Katherine R. , Dworkin Lance D. , Henrich William , Greco Barbara A. , Steffes Michael , Tobe Sheldon , Shapiro Joseph I. , Jamerson Kenneth , Lyass Asya , Pencina Karol , Massaro Joseph M. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Cutlip Donald E. , Murphy Timothy P. , Cooper Christopher J.
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis may cause kidney function loss, but effects of stenting on eGFR and clinical events associated with CKD are uncertain. Our study objectives were to determine effects of stenting on eGFR and predictors of clinical events.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Participants (n=931) in the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Artery Stenosis Trial (from May of 2005 to September of 2012) had >60% atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and systolic hypertension on two or more antihypertensive drugs and/or stage ≥3 CKD. The intervention was stenting versus no stenting on a background of risk factor management: renin-angiotensin system inhibition, statin, antiplatelet therapy, and smoking cessation education. The effect of stenting on eGFR by the serum creatinine-cystatin C Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation was the prespecified analysis of kidney function. Predictors of eGFR and CKD outcomes (≥30% eGFR loss, ESRD, and death) and cardiovascular disease outcomes (stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death) controlling for eGFR and albuminuria were also determined.

Results

eGFR was 59±24 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (mean±SD) at baseline. Over 3 years, eGFR change, assessed by generalized estimating equations, was −1.5±7.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year in the stent group versus −2.3±6.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year in the medical therapy only group (P=0.18). eGFR predictors (multiple variable generalized estimating equations) were age, albuminuria, systolic BP, and diabetes (inverse associations) as well as men, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (positive associations). CKD outcomes events occurred in 19% (175 of 931), and predictors (Cox proportional hazards models) included albuminuria (positive association), systolic BP (positive association), and HDL cholesterol (inverse association). Cardiovascular disease outcomes events occurred in 22% (207 of 931), and predictors included age, albuminuria, total cholesterol, prior cardiovascular disease, and bilateral atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (positive associations).

Conclusions

Stenting did not influence eGFR in participants with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis receiving renin-angiotensin system inhibition–based therapy. Predictors of clinical events were traditional risk factors for CKD and cardiovascular disease.
Completeness theorem for continuous functions and product class-topologies
Authors: Djordjevic Radosav , Ristic Vladimir , Ikodinovic Nebojsa
Published: May 2016

We introduce an infinitary logic LA(On,Cn)n(? which is an extension of LA
obtained by adding new quantifiers On and Cn, for every n(?. The
corresponding models are topological class-spaces. An axiomatization is given
and the completeness theorem is proved.
The effects of industrial noise of higher spectrum on the workers’ auditory perception abilities
Authors: Mihailovic Dobrivoje , Djuric Nenad , Kovacevic Ivana , Mihailovic Djordje
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim. Results of previous studies gave support to the idea that machines in power plants produce noise of different levels of loudness and frequency, and that it could cause deterioration of the hearing ability of workers. As a matter of fact, noiseinduced hearing loss is the most widespread occupational disease nowadays. As noise is a complex acoustic phenomenon, more factors have to be considered when studying it, such as frequency, intensity and the period of exposure. The aim of this study was to find if there are differences in the absolute threshold of hearing between workers in the factory production lines that are constantly exposed to the industrial noise of higher spectrum and those exposed to the noise of standard spectrum at different frequencies of sound. Methods. In the research plan, there were 308 workers employed in the production line of the Factory ?Knjaz Milos?, Arandjelovac. A total of 205 of them were working in the conditions of higher spectrum noise (4,000 Hz ? 8,000 Hz) and 103 workers were exposed to standard noise spectrum (31.5 Hz ? 2,000.0 Hz). The objective measures of noise (frequency and amplitude) were acquired by phonometer, and measures of absolute threshold of hearing for both ears were obtained by audiometer by exposure to nine sound frequency levels. Data were statistically analyzed by establishing the significance of differences between absolute thresholds of hearing for both groups and for all nine frequency levels. Results. It was found that the absolute threshold of hearing is significantly higher for the group exposed to highfrequency noise at the 4,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz levels of frequency. Conclusion. Reduction of hearing sensitivity is evident for those exposed to higher spectrum noise, which is particularly evident at the higher frequency levels. Employees are often unaware of its effects because they are the results of prolonged exposure. Therefore, working in those conditions requires preventive measures and regular testing of the hearing ability.
The relation between nonspecific hyperreactivity of the airways and atopic constitution in asthmatics
Authors: Novkovic Dobrivoje , Petrovic Marina , Zivkovic Vladan , Baletic Nenad
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim. Hyperreactivity of the airways caused by inflammation in asthmatics is the most important pathophysiological change. It represents a suitable ground that in the presence of risk factors and the drivers of asthma, asthmatic attack occurs. Atopic constitution is one of the most important risk factors for the development and expression of asthma. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between nonspecific airway hyperreactivity and atopic constituton in asthmatics. Methods. This retrospective analysis was conducted considering the results of nonspecific bronchoprovocative test with histamine, skin tests to inhalant allergens and total IgE levels in the serum of asthmatic patients with controlled bronchial asthma. The sample consisted of 162 asthmatics examined during one-year period. Results. The examinees were male asthmatic patients, aged between 18 and 30 years. We found that the examinees with a pronounced non-specific hyperreactivity had more significant skin reaction to inhaled allergens and higher levels of total IgE in serum. Conclusion. The results of our study show that the intensity of airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthmatics is directly related to atopic constitution.
Alp Rose stem cells, olive oil squalene and a natural alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier: Are they appropriate ingredients of skin moisturizers - in vivo efficacy on normal and sodium lauryl sulfate - irritated skin?
Authors: Filipovic Mila , Gledovic Ana , Lukic Milica , Tasic-Kostov Marija , Isailovic Tanja , Pantelic Ivana , Vuleta Gordana , Savic Snezana
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim. Since skin moisturization may be achieved by both actives and chosen carrier, plant stem cells, squalene and natural alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier may be potential components of contemporary cosmetic products. The aim of the study was in vivo evaluation of the skin irritation potential and the efficacy of Alpine Rose stem cells incorporated into li-posomes and olive oil squalene as ingredients of moisturizing creams, with respect to the novel emulsifier used for creams? stabilization. Methods. With the employment of noninvasive skin biophysical measurements, skin hydration (EC), transepi-dermal water loss (TEWL), erythema index (EI) and viscoelas-ticity were measured on 76 healthy volunteers. In the first phase, skin irritation after a 24-hour occlusion and the long-term efficacy of creams (a 21-day study) on healthy skin were evaluated. Phase II of the study focused on the cream efficacy assessment after a 6-day treatment of sodium lauryl sulfate-irritated skin. Results. After a 24-hour occlusion, there were no significant changes in the EI for any tested sample. In the second phase of the study, the EI was not significantly altered for the cream containing squalene, while the application of all active samples resulted in a significant reduction of TEWL. In both phases of the study an EC increase was recorded, espe-cially for the squalene-containing cream. Conclusion. Due to the lack of skin irritation and skin barrier impairment along with the marked hydration effect, it could be said that the in-vestigated actives incorporated into alkyl polyglucoside emulsi-fier-stabilized creams may be safely applied as ingredients for "tailor-made" cosmetic moisturizers intended for normal and dry skin care, whereas olive oil squalene could be used for the treatment of irritated or sensitive skin as well.
Can probiotics improve efficiency and safety profile of triple Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy? A prospective randomized study
Authors: Grgov Sasa , Tasic Tomislav , Radovanovic-Dinic Biljana , Benedeto-Stojanov Daniela
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim. Some studies suggest the benefit of applying different probiotic strains in combination with antibiotics in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co-administration of multiple probiotic strains with triple H. pylori eradication therapy. Methods. This prospective study included 167 patients with dyspeptic symptoms and chronic gastritis who were diagnosed with H. pylori infection and randomized into two groups. The group I of 77 patients underwent triple eradication therapy, for 7 days, with lansoprazole, 2 ? 30 mg half an hour before the meal, amoxicillin 2 ? 1.000 mg per 12 hours and clarithromycin 2 ? 500 mg per 12 hours. After the 7th day of the therapy, lansoprazole continued at a dose of 30 mg for half an hour before breakfast for 4 weeks. The group II of 90 patients received the same treatment as the patients of the group I, with the addition of the probiotic cultures in the form of a capsule comprising Lactobacillus Rosell-52, Lactobacillus Rosell-11, Bifidobacterium Rosell-1755 and Saccharomyces boulardii, since the beginning of eradication for 4 weeks. Eradication of H. pylori infection control was performed 8 weeks after the therapy by rapid urease test and histopathologic evaluation of endoscopic biopsies or by stool antigen test for H. pylori. Results. Eradication of H. pylori infection was achieved in 93.3% of the patients who received probiotics with eradication therapy and in 81.8% of patients who were only on eradication therapy without probiotics. The difference in eradication success was statistically significant, (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects of eradication therapy was higher in the group of patients who were not on probiotic (28.6%) than in the group that received probiotic (17.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Multiple probiotic strains addition to triple eradication therapy of H. pylori achieves a significantly better eradication success, with fewer side effects of antibiotics.
Synchronous mantle cell lymphoma and prostate adenocarcinoma-is it just a coincidence?
Authors: Petkovic Ivan , Stojnev Slavica , Krstic Miljan , Pejcic Ivica , Vrbic Svetislav
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Synchronous occurrence of lymphomas and other cancers, mostly carcinomas are well established. The most of cases describe chronic lymphocytic leukemia as the leading lymphoproliferative disease with the tendency towards secondary malignancies development. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has been described in only 2 cases to co-occur with prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC). There are scarce data about the connection between MCL and urology cancers. We presented the first case of synchronous occurrence of MCL and PAC in the same patient in Serbia. Case report. A 64-year-old male initially presented with fatigue, splenomegaly, and bicytopenia. The bone marrow biopsy specimen revealed extensive infiltration with MCL. During lymphoma staging procedure prostate enlargement (57 mm) was accidentally found by multislice- computed tomography (MSCT). The serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was elevated (52 ng/mL; normal values ? 4 ng/mL). Transrectal ultrasound biopsy revealed PAC. High Gleason score determined high-risk locally advanced PAC. The patient underwent treatment with chemotherapy and hormone therapy due to the existence of double malignancies. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) was applied for MCL, and luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, triptorelin, for PAC. Partial response was obtained for MCL, and stable disease for PAC. In a 1.5-year observation period the patient was still disease progression free for both of malignancies. Conclusion. This case points aut that elderly males are in need for careful observation during the staging procedure for lymphoma. The literature data suggest that MCL patients are in increased risk for urologic malignancies development. However, the etiologic connection between these two entities, except male gender and older age, remains unclear.
Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage as a cause of severe fetal anemia
Authors: Dobrosavljevic Aleksandar , Martic Jelena , Rakic Snezana , Pazin Vladimir , Jankovic-Raznatovic Svetlana , Sreckovic Svetlana , Dobrosavljevic Branko
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a transfu-sion of fetal blood into the maternal circulation. A volume of transfused fetal blood required to cause severe, life-threatening fetal anemia, is not clearly defined. Some authors suggest vol-umes of 80 mL and 150 mL as a threshold which defines mas-sive FMH. Therefore, a rate of massive FMH is 1 : 1,000 and 1 : 5,000 births, respectively. Fetal and neonatal anemia is one of the most serious complications of the FMH. Clinical manifesta-tions of FMH are nonspecific, and mostly it presented as re-duced fetal movements and changes in cardiotocography (CTG). The standard for diagnosing FMH is Kleihaurer-Betke test. Case report. A 34-year-old gravida (G) 1, para (P) 1 was hospitalized due to uterine contractions at 39 weeks of gesta-tion. CTG monitoring revealed sinusoidal fetal heart rate and clinical examination showed complete cervical dilatation. Im-mediately after admission, the women delivered vaginally. Ap-gar scores were 1 and 2 at the first and fifth minute, respec-tively. Immediately baby was intubated and mechanical ventila-tion started. Initial analysis revealed pronounced acidosis and severe anemia. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy with sodium-bicarbonate as well as red cell transfusion. With all measures, the condition of the baby improved with normaliza-tion of hemoglobin level and blood pH. Kleihaurer-Betke test revealed the presence of fetal red cells in maternal circulation, equivalent to 531 mL blood loss. The level of maternal fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and elevated alpha fetoprotein also con-firmed the diagnosis of massive FMH. Conclusion. For the successful diagnosis and management of FMH direct commu-nication between the obstetrician and the pediatrician is neces-sary as presented in this report.
Age-related changes in the morphology and protein expression of the thymus of healthy yaks (Bos grunniens)
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Kun , Yangyang Pan , He Junfeng , Yu Sijiu , Cui Yan
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate age-related changes in the morphology and expression of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), S100 β, and caspase-3 of the thymus of healthy yaks (Bos grunniens).

ANIMALS 15 healthy male yaks of various ages from highland plateaus.

PROCEDURES Yaks were allocated to 3 groups on the basis of age (newborn [1 to 7 days old; n = 5], juvenile [5 to 7 months old, 5], and adult [3 to 4 years old; 5]) and euthanized. The thymus was harvested from each yak within 10 minutes after euthanasia. Morphological characteristics were assessed by histologic examination and transmission electron microscopy. Expression of CD3, S100 β, and caspase-3 mRNA and protein was measured by quantitative real-time PCR assay, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTS As age increased, functional thymic tissue was replaced with adipose and connective tissues and the thymic capsule thickened. Expression of CD3 and S100 β mRNA and protein decreased with age, whereas expression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein increased with age. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CD3-positive thymocytes were located within both the thymic cortex and medulla, S100 β–positive thymic dendritic cells were located in the corticomedullary junction and medulla, and caspase-3–positive thymocytes were diffusely scattered throughout the cortex and medulla.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that age-related thymic changes in yaks that live on highland plateaus were similar to those observed in humans and other mammals. Thus, yaks might serve as a model to study thymic immune system adaptations to high elevations.
Changes in the dimension and volume of feline injection-site sarcomas following formalin fixation as determined by use of the ellipsoid volume formula and three-dimensional computed tomography software
Authors: Terry Jesse L. , Milovancev Milan , Löhr Christiane V. , Nemanic Sarah
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in the dimension and volume of feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) before (in vivo) and after surgical excision and formalin fixation (ex vivo) as determined by measurements obtained from 2-D and 3-D CT images.

SAMPLE 10 excised FISSs.

PROCEDURES The maximum length, width, and depth of each FISS were measured on contrast-enhanced 2-D CT images of the tumor obtained in vivo and ex vivo. Those measurements were used to estimate tumor volume with the standard ellipsoid formula. Tumor volume was also calculated from 3-D CT images with software that used a volume-rendering algorithm. Student paired t tests were used for comparisons between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments.

RESULTS Small decreases were detected in maximum tumor length, width, and depth between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments; however, tumor length was the only dimension that decreased significantly between the 2 assessments. Median tumor volume decreased significantly between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments regardless of the method used to estimate it. Tumor volume estimated by the ellipsoid formula was significantly lower than that estimated by the 3-D CT software at both assessments.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that shrinkage of FISSs following excision and formalin fixation was small and may be less than that of grossly normal tissue. Tumor volume estimated by the ellipsoid formula was consistently less than that estimated by 3-D CT software and should not be used when accuracy of tumor volume is of particular concern and advanced CT imaging is available.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue elimination of flunixin in veal calves
Authors: Kissell Lindsey W. , Brinson Patrick D. , Gehring Ronette , Tell Lisa A. , Wetzlich Scott E. , Baynes Ronald E. , Riviere Jim E. , Smith Geof W.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE To describe plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue elimination of flunixin in veal calves.

ANIMALS 20 unweaned Holstein calves between 3 and 6 weeks old.

PROCEDURES Each calf received flunixin (2.2 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) for 3 days. Blood samples were collected from all calves before the first dose and at predetermined times after the first and last doses. Beginning 24 hours after injection of the last dose, 4 calves were euthanized each day for 5 days. Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by compartmental and noncompartmental methods.

RESULTS Mean ± SD plasma flunixin elimination half-life, residence time, and clearance were 1.32 ± 0.94 hours, 12.54 ± 10.96 hours, and 64.6 ± 40.7 mL/h/kg, respectively. Mean hepatic and muscle flunixin concentrations decreased to below FDA-established tolerance limits (0.125 and 0.025 μg/mL, respectively) for adult cattle by 3 and 2 days, respectively, after injection of the last dose of flunixin. Detectable flunixin concentrations were present in both the liver and muscle for at least 5 days after injection of the last dose.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The labeled slaughter withdrawal interval for flunixin in adult cattle is 4 days. Because administration of flunixin to veal calves represents extralabel drug use, any detectable flunixin concentrations in edible tissues are considered a violation. Results indicated that a slaughter withdrawal interval of several weeks may be necessary to ensure that violative tissue residues of flunixin are not detected in veal calves treated with that drug.
Assessment of PM10 in Aurangabad City of Central India
Authors: Kaushik Geetanjali , Chel Arvind , Shinde Sangeeta , Gadekar Ashish
Published: May 2016

Almost 670 million people comprising 54.5% of our population reside in regions that do not meet the Indian NAAQS for fine particulate matter. Numerous studies have revealed a consistent correlation for particulate matter concentration with health than any other air pollutant. Aurangabad city a rapidly growing city with population of 1.5 million is home to five major industrial areas, the city is also known for its historical monuments which might also be adversely affected from air pollution. Therefore, this research aims at estimating PM10 concentrations at several locations across Aurangabad. The concentration of PM10 was highest at the Railway Station followed by Waluj (an industrial zone) and City chowk is the centre of the city which has high population, tall buildings, few open spaces which causes high congestion and does not allow the particulates to disperse. Other locations with high concentrations of PM are Mill corner, Harsul T-point, Kranti Chowk, Seven Hill, TV centre and Beed Bye pass. All these locations have narrow roads, high traffic density, poor road condition with pot holes and few crossing points which cause congestion and vehicle idling which are responsible for high pollution. Therefore, it is evident that air pollution is a serious issue in the city which may be further aggravated if it is not brought under control. Hence, strategies have to be adopted for combating the menace of air pollution.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, March-May 2016, Page :61-74
Heavy Metal Assessment in Water and Sediments at Jaikwadi Dam (Godavari River) Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patil Satish S , Kaushik Geetanjali
Published: May 2016

The indiscriminate release of industrial effluents, domestic sewage, agricultural runoff have resulted in extensive contamination of water and soil with heavy metals thereby causing hazard to flora and fauna and the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need for biological monitoring studies to evaluate the toxic concentrations of various chemical compounds so that certain preventive measure can be taken to ensure the safety of the environment. Therefore, this study was focused at investigating few of the important heavy metals like zinc, chromium, cadmium, mercury and lead, in water along with sediments of the Jaikwadi dam. It has been found that the content of mercury was the highest in both water (15.24 - 18.21 μg/L) and sediments, it is followed by lead (14.31 - 18.38 μg/L), cadmium (1.95 - 2.29 μg/L), chromium (0.68 - 4.00 μg/L) and finally zinc (0.88 - 1.77 μg/L). High concentrations particularly of mercury and lead warrant studies for their remediation so that the concentration remains safe for the populace dependent on the water.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, March-May 2016, Page: 75-88
Comparative Status of Sequestered Carbon Stock of Azadirachta indica and Conocarpus erectus at the University of Karachi Campus, Pakistan
Authors: Ajani Amber , Shams Zafar Iqbal
Published: May 2016

Carbon sequestration by trees is one of the most cost-effective and efficient methods to remove carbon dioxide from atmosphere since trees remove and store carbon at higher rates compared to other land covers. Carbon storage by trees typically ranges from 1 to 8 MgC ha-1 yr-1.The carbon is sequestered in different parts of the trees as biomass. The measurements of biomass provide reasonably accurate estimate of the amount of carbon that was removed from lower troposphere over the years. Therefore, the present study investigates and compares the carbon stock of native Azadirachta indica and exotic Conocarpus erectus, which are extensively cultivated in the campus of the University of Karachi, Pakistan. The above-ground and below-ground biomass of 327 trees of A. indica and 253 trees of C. erectus were estimated by using non-destructive method. The average carbon content of A. indica is calculated to be 662.32 + 1144.81 Kg while that of C. erectus is 192.70 + 322.60 Kg. The independent t-test analysis showed significant difference (p < 0.001) between the means of the carbon content of both the species. The carbon contents of two different species were also correlated with bole’s diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree’s height. The analysis demonstrated greater correlation between the carbon content and the DBH of both the species compared to that with their height. The study will help to understand the carbon sequestration potential of two different types of species for planting particularly in urban area of the world.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, March-May 2016, Page: 89-97
Cultivating Civic Ecology
Authors: Harper Krista , Afonso Ana Isabel
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Urban gardens are a form of self-provisioning, leisure and activist practice that is cropping up in cities around the world (Mougeot 2010). We present the history and contemporary terrain of Lisbon’s urban gardens and discuss the cultural values that gardeners attach to the practice of growing food in interstitial urban spaces. We present initial findings from our research with an urban gardeners’ association as it attempts to transform informal or clandestine garden spaces into an ‘urban agricultural park’. This coalition of gardeners from diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is reclaiming land and using a participatory design process to create a shared space. They hope to grow vegetables and to re-grow ‘community’ by forging shared experiences in the neighbourhood. We describe how we used Photovoice as a process for exploring residents’ motivations in planting informal and community gardens on public land. What visions of sustainability and the contemporary city emerge from the practice of urban gardening? What kinds of urban gardening practices produce ‘communities of practice’ that cross ethnic, socioeconomic, and generational lines? The Photovoice approach allowed us to examine how gardeners conceptualise their use of urban space as they build new civic identities around gardening and make political claims to gain access and control over vacant land.
Precision agriculture in the World and its prospect in Bangladesh
Authors: Afroj Mahfuza , Kazal Mohammad Mizanul Haque , Rahman Md Mahfuzar
Published: May 2016

Precision Farming merges the new technologies borne of the information age with a mature agricultural industry. It is an integrated crop management system that attempts to match the kind & amount of inputs with the actual crop needs for small areas within a farm fields. This study is basically based on the secondary data and it is a review paper. As it is a review paper so, there was less opportunity to follow any specific method in preparing this paper. Valuable information has been collected through internet browsing, journals etc. In this paper, we examine that, GPS, GIS, VRT, profitability, yield mapping etc. are most common precision agriculture techniques where, GIS can help in site-specific applications of fertilizers and soil amendments and help effectively detect and map black fly infestations, making it possible to achieve precision in pest control. Remote sensing combined with GIS and GPS can help in site-specific weed management. From the review we observed that, the global adoption of yield monitors has been predominated in North-America and Europe. The precision technologies have been used on a wider variety of crops in Denmark and UK than in the US. In Bangladesh, precision agriculture has great prospect as our country is highly natural calamity sensitive and through it we can easily take measure to prevent our agricultural products from damage caused by natural calamities. Though, precision agriculture is very costly but the benefit from it is more than its cost for most of the developing countries. So, the precision agriculture has great prospect in Bangladesh as well as in the world and it is the utmost time to adopt this technology in our traditional agriculture.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 1-14, April 2016
Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and nitrogen uptake by BRRI dhan28
Authors: Islam Md Rafiqul , Shawon Aurunima Kanchi Suprova , Begum Most Lutfun Nesa , Huda Azmul
Published: May 2016

A study was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Boro season of 2014 to evaluate the effect of integrated use of manures and fertilizers for maximizing the growth and yield of BRRI dhan28. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments include T0 [Control], T1 [Soil Test Basis-Chemical Fertilizer], T2 [(Cowdung) + STB-CF] on IPNS basis, T3 [(Poultry Manure) + STB-CF] on IPNS basis, T4 [(Compost) + STB-CF] on IPNS basis, and T5 [Farmers practice]. The maximum grain yield of 4340 kg ha-1 (95.59% increase over control) and straw yield of 4024 kg ha-1 (56.42% increase over control) were recorded in T3 [ (PM) + STB-CF]. The lowest grain and straw yields were found for T0 (Control) treatment. The N, P, K and S contents and uptake by BRRI dhan28 were profoundly influenced due to combined application of manures and fertilizers. The performance of the treatment T3 was better than T1, T2 and T4 in producing the yield of grain and straw of BRRI dhan28 although they received the same amount of nutrients. The results indicate that application of fertilizers in combination with poultry manure could be considered more effective in rice production. So, the treatment T3 can be used for the successful cultivation of BRRI dhan28.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 99-104, April 2016
Studies of the comparative efficacy of alcoholic extracts of Bironja, Turmeric, and Veranda leaves with that of patent drug Nilzan agains trematodiasis in sheep
Authors: Begum Tahmina , Rahman Bayzer , Saha Sukumar , Mostofa Mahbub , Awal Md Abdul
Published: May 2016

The study compared the efficacy of some indigenous plants (Bironja, Turmeric and Veranda leaves) with that of patent drug Nilzan against Trematodiasis in sheep. Seventy five sheep suffering from trematode, aged 2-3 years and weighing about 10- 12 kg. were used for this study. The sheep were divided into 15 equal groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N and O. Administration of three different doses of powdered Bironja 3,6 & 9 ml /kg body wt to the group A, B, C, D and E, Turmeric at the dose rate of 2,4 & 6 ml /kg body wt to the groups F, G, H, I and J, Veranda leaves 2, 4 and 6 ml /kg body wt to the groups K, L, M, N and O showed 15-52% , 11-15% and 4-8% efficacy, respectively against trematodes in sheep. Administration of Nilzan 30 mg/kg body wt orally was highly effective 73-89% against all the species of trematodes in sheep. Among medicinal plants Bironja was found to be most effective followed by turmeric. Veranda leaves were found to be totally ineffective against trematodiasis in sheep.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 165-174, April 2016
Capture fisheries scenario of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh in last two decades through industrial freezer trawler
Authors: Kumar Uttam , Parvez Md Sohel , Das Jewel , Nizamuddowla Chowdhury Mohammad , Tarafdar Satya Ranjan
Published: May 2016

Industrial fishing in Bangladesh is operated by wooden trawler (ice trawler) and steel made trawler known as freezer trawler. There is significant lack of valuable information on freezer trawler fishing data though it contributes a remarkable portion in national marine capture fisheries which is not negligible. This study aims to investigate the historical trends in freezer trawler fishing of Bay of Bengal. Data from different sources were compiled and analyzed to complete this study. A total of 91 industrial freezer trawlers were recorded from the deep-sea fishing industry in Bangladesh. 72 of them are fish trawlers and 19 are shrimp trawlers. In 1990, there were only 5 freezer trawlers with a total capacity of 490 ton which increased up to 21,737 ton in 2014 by 91 trawlers. The calculated production of marine capture fisheries by freezer trawlers increased from 2940 ton (1990) to 150113 ton (2014) that is about 1 to 21 % of the FAO landings and 0.5 to 12 % of the reconstructed total national production of marine capture fisheries respectively. A total of 1.83 million ton of fisheries products were captured from the Bay of Bengal in last two decades (1990- 2014). This study output will be helpful as a baseline database of freezer trawler for marine capture fisheries in Bangladesh.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 217-226, April 2016
Impacts of climate change on shrimp farming in the South-West coastal region of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Adibul , Islam Md Shariful , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: May 2016

The inhabitants of south west region of Bangladesh are prone to floods, cyclones, salinity intrusion and droughts, and the incidence of these hazards is rising. Recently two cyclones (known as Aila and Sidr) hit the southwest region of Bangladesh. Considering the above in view, research had been conducted for understanding the impacts and adaptation measures through sustainable coastal resources management in the cyclone affected greater Khulna areas. The present study was carried out (from January to June, 2011) to understand impacts of climate change on the shrimp farming, hatchery and nursery operations in the selected upazilas (Paikgacha and Shyamnagar). The study was conducted both primary and secondary data sources. To collect primary data different methods had been adopted which were informal interview, a pre-formulated questionnaire survey and Focused Group Discussion (FGD). In the study areas, about 80-90% people are involved with shrimp farming with 10-15 years experience. About 60% shrimp farmers thought that the weather has changed abruptly within the last 5 years. The study showed that the first and foremost factor is high temperature (49.5%). Majority (43.21%) encountered that temperature hampered the farm operation while lower growth (54%), low production (19%), loss of crops (13%), less water (4%), mortality (4%), and diseases (4%) occurred due to less rainfall or no rain. From the study, farmers (80%) reported susceptibility of shrimp to diseases in body deformation, spots or lesions on skins while 13.33% mentioned fry susceptibility to diseases. Some time oriented and need based adaptations in shrimp farming are now most concern. Government and other stakeholders should come forward to execute research for adaptations.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 227-239, April 2016