bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bora‐Diaza‐Indacene Based Fluorescent Probes for Simultaneous Visualisation of Lipid Droplets and Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Choi Peter J. , Tatenaka Yuki , Noguchi Katsuya , Ishiyama Munetaka , Denny William , Jose Jiney
Published: May 2024

Organelle selective fluorescent probes, especially those capable of concurrent detection of specific organelles, are of benefit to the research community in delineating the interplay between various organelles and the impact of such interaction in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its disruption in the diseased state. Although very useful, such probes are synthetically challenging to design due to the stringent lipophilicity requirement posed by different organelles, and hence, the lack of such probes being reported so far. This work details the synthesis, photophysical properties, and cellular imaging studies of two bora‐diaza‐indacene based fluorescent probes that can specifically and simultaneously visualise lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum; two organelles suggested having close interactions and implicated in stress‐induced cellular dysfunction and disease progression.
Ni Single Atom Decorated Porous Hollow Carbon Nanosphere‐Based Electrodes for High Performance Symmetric Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Pal Prashanta , Bhowmik Soumitra , Nandi Mahasweta
Published: May 2024

Ni single atom containing hollow carbon nanospheres with nitrogen doping has been synthesized by carbonization of Ni(NO3)2/phloroglucinol‐formaldehyde polymer/silica composite. The samples have been characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, electron microscopic, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies. The microstructure and surface area vary with the amount of Ni(NO3)2 employed in the syntheses and the carbonization environment. An optimized amount of nickel and argon as the carbonization gas afford Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar which possesses overall superior features. The uniformly dispersed Ni single atoms within the hollow porous carbon framework fully utilize all the electroactive sites thereby improving the supercapacitive performance. The specific capacitance of Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar reaches 777 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.4 % and excellent recyclability. The energy and power density of Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar are found to be high; at 1 A g−1 its energy density is 155.4 Wh kg−1 with a power density of 600.3 W kg−1. At a high current density of 10 A g−1 the material shows a high energy density of 118.4 Wh kg−1 with excellent power density of 6003.4 W kg−1. A symmetric solid‐state supercapacitor assembled with this material, Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar//Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar using H2SO4/PVA gel electrolyte shows a superior energy density value of 30 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1200 W kg−1.
Rapid Access to Divergent Fused Polycycles Via One‐Pot A3 Coupling and Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Narra Rajashekar Reddy , Unnithan Vignesh Gopalakrishnan , Liu Yifan , Guo Zhihong
Published: May 2024

Divergent nitrogen‐containing fused polycyclic ring systems are constructed from simple starting materials via a one‐pot aldehyde‐alkyne‐amine (A3) coupling and intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction. This domino reaction directly furnishes linear 5/5/5 and 5/5/6, or nonlinear 5/5/6/5, polycyclic rings containing an oxa‐bridged fused 5/5 bicycle and a 1,6‐enyne substructure. One‐step derivation of the oxa‐bridged 5/5 bicycle leads to a polyfunctionalized 5/5 bicycle with tetrahydrofuran fused back‐to‐back to pyrroline or a 6/5 bicycle with the hexahydro‐1H‐isoindole structure, while cycloisomerizing the enyne substructure adds an extra fused 5‐membered ring to afford functionalized linear 5/5/5/5 or 5/5/5/5/5 fused ring systems from selected substrates. In addition, the one‐pot product can be designed so that the alkyne moiety is hydroalkoxylated to form an additional heterocyle in a linear 5/5/5/6 or nonlinear 5/5/6/5/5 ring system. This diversity‐oriented synthetic approach thus allows rapid access to an under‐explored structural space for discovery of new biological or non‐biological activities or functions.
Nature Products Chlorophyll Derivatives for NIR‐II Fluorescence Bioimaging and Plant‐Imaging
Authors: Chen Kaixin , Shi Hui , Li Lei , Yang Mao , Qian Kun , Xu Wen , Qu Chunrong , Cheng Zhen
Published: May 2024

The second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging has attracted significant attention in research fields because of its unique advantages compared with conventional optical windows (400–900 nm). A variety of NIR‐II fluorophores have been actively studied because they serve as a key component of fluorescence imaging. Among them, organic small molecule NIR‐II fluorophores display outstanding imaging performance and many advantages, but types of small molecule NIR‐II fluorophores with high biocompatibility are still quite limited. Novel molecular scaffolds based NIR‐II dyes are highly desired. Herein, we hypothesized that chlorophyll is a new promising molecular platform for discovery NIR‐II fluorophores. Thus, seven derivatives of derivatives were selected to characterize their optical properties. Interestingly, six chlorophyll derivatives displayed NIR‐II fluorescence imaging capability. This characteristic allowed the successful NIR‐II imaging of green leaves of various plants. Furthermore, most of these fluorophores showed capacity to monitor viscosity change because of their sensitive for viscosity. For demonstration of its biomedical applications, these probes were successfully used for NIR‐II fluorescence‐guided surgical resection of lymph nodes. In summary, chlorophylls are novel valuable tool molecules for NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and have potential to expand their applications in biomedical field and plant science.
Chirality in electromagnetic radiation from relativistic electrons
Authors: Katoh Masahiro , Fujimoto Masaki , Salehi Elham , Hosaka Masahito , Kawaguchi Hideki
Published: May 2024

Electrons in circular motion emit electromagnetic radiation and lose their energy and angular momentum, both of which are carried away by the radiation field. Electromagnetic radiation from such electrons is not only circularly polarized but also, in general, possessing helical phase structure, the former of which corresponds to spin angular momentum and the latter orbital angular momentum. Based on the classical electrodynamics, we show that the chiral topological property related to the orbital angular momentum arises from deformation of the electromagnetic field due to the relativistic effect.
Next‐generation energy‐efficient optical networking: DQ‐RGK algorithm for dynamic quality of service and adaptive resource allocation
Authors: Swamidoss Mathumohan , Samiayya Duraimurugan , Gunasekar Manikandan
Published: May 2024

In green optical networking, designing an adaptive energy‐saving scheme plays a vital role, in optimizing energy consumption by dynamically adjusting resources based on network traffic and environmental conditions, to a more sustainable and efficient optical communication infrastructure. Traditional methods in optical networking face challenges such as static resource allocation, limited adaptability, inefficient power usage, environmental insensitivity, and scalability issues. Therefore this article proposed a novel method named Dynamic Quality of Service based Random update Genghis Khan (DQ‐RGK) algorithm, the proposed model can tackle the abovementioned complexities. In this study, cluster head dynamic placement is utilized to optimize the network's performance by adapting the placement of cluster heads to the current topology, load distribution, and energy levels in the network nodes. Additionally, Dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) is employed to respond dynamically to changes in network conditions, adapting to varying traffic patterns and resource availability. In this work, the Genghis Khan Shark optimization with a random update strategy is implemented for hyperparameter optimization to enhance the performance of the DQ‐RGK method. The DQ‐RGK adjusts the parameters of QoS in real‐time, and this ensures that network resources based on the requirements changed and priorities of applications, which ultimately optimizes performance and enhances user experience. By dynamically assigning and reallocating resources based on the current demand the algorithm enhances overall network efficiency and reduces energy consumption. Then, this work analyzes the experimental results, where some evaluation measures estimate the DQ‐RGK method's performance. Routing efficiency, latency, scalability, spectral efficiency, Packet Delivery Ratio, throughput, network lifetime, energy consumption, jitter, and energy consumption are the measures employed by the DQ‐RGK model. In The results, other routing models that do not provide efficiency are utilized, a comparison of these other routing models is represented in results. The overall DQ‐RGK model's effectiveness is represented in the experimental results and its effectiveness is greater among other methods.
Seamless multi‐mode switching controller of four‐switch buck–boost converter based on integrated natural trajectory method
Authors: Chen Zhangyong , Liu Haifeng , Chen Yong , Tang Weihan , Liu Yunyan
Published: May 2024

With the characteristics of high efficiency and high power density, the four switch buck–boost (FSBB) converter is widely used in electric vehicles, direct current microgrids, and so forth. However, how to achieve smooth switching between different modes of FSBB has always been a hot issue in the theoretical and engineering fields. In this paper, considering the dynamic performance and output voltage or inductance current deviation, a control algorithm with integrated natural trajectory method is designed to realize the switching of different modes of FSBB converter. The proposed control algorithm is based on the theory of large signal natural locus and average natural locus. The normalized phase locus of inductance current and output voltage divides the phase plane into five regions and performs large signal or average switching operations in different regions. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed control algorithm can achieve the balance between the dynamic performance and output voltage or inductance current deviation of FSBB converter in different mode switching. Finally, the performance of the proposed control algorithm is verified by experiments results.
Effect of a generalist mesopredator on modular and unitary sessile prey associated with a foundation species
Authors: Chava Alexandra , Artemieva Anna , Yakovis Eugeniy
Published: May 2024

Unitary and modular sessile organisms both dominate in marine benthic communities, commonly preyed upon by the same generalist predators. The differences between unitary and modular defensive strategies may underlie the ways generalist predators control community structure, but this has never been empirically examined. We hypothesize that the individual size of an omnivorous mesopredatory shrimp affects the relative vulnerability of unitary and modular prey and hence translates into community structure. In a short‐term laboratory microcosm experiment, we assessed the effect of the shrimp individual size on an epibiotic assemblage of red algae blades initially dominated by three species of modular bryozoans and a unitary serpulid tubeworm. We found that the individual size of a shrimp determines its effect on the prey community composition. Large shrimp stronger than small shrimp increased the proportion of unitary tubeworms among the epibionts surviving predation. While large shrimp reduced the proportions of all the three dominant bryozoan species, small shrimp, in contrast, mostly increased the proportion of a bryozoan species with the smallest modules and largest colonies. This bryozoan, like the tubeworms, demonstrated a higher survival rate with larger individual (colony) size. Yet, against large shrimp this bryozoan was outperformed by the largest tubeworms almost immune to predation. Partial predation by small shrimp modestly improved survival of the largest bryozoan colonies. Thus, relative vulnerability of unitary and modular prey is determined by the predator individual size. Our findings clarify the complex way the size structures of generalist consumers and their prey shape communities by affecting the species‐specific relative performance of modular and unitary organisms. The demography of a foundation species and the competitive hierarchy can have additional effects by altering the balance of predation and competition.
Hydrogen Spillover Effect in Electrocatalysis: Delving into the Mysteries of the Atomic Migration
Authors: Gaur Ashish , Sharma Jatin , Han HyukSu
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen spillover effect has recently garnered a lot of attention in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. A new avenue for understanding the dynamic behavior of atomic migration in which hydrogen atoms moving on a catalyst surface was opened up by the setup of the word “hydrogen spillover.” However, there is currently a dearth of thorough knowledge regarding the hydrogen spillover effect. Currently, the advancement of sophisticated characterization procedures offers progressively useful information to enhance our grasp of the hydrogen spillover effect. The understanding of material fabrication for hydrogen spillover effect has erupted. Considering these factors, we made an effort to review most of the articles published on the hydrogen spillover effect and carefully analyzed the aspect of material fabrication. All of our attention has been directed toward the molecular pathway that leads to improve hydrogen evolution reactions performance. In addition, we have attempted to elucidate the spillover paths through the utilization of DFT calculations. Furthermore, we provide some preliminary research suggestions and highlight the opportunities and obstacles that are still to be confronted in this study area.
Predicting heart failure symptoms from the apnoea–hypopnoea index determined by full‐ night polysomnography
Authors: Ikeda Takeshi , Kubota Yoshiaki , Inami Toru , Seino Yoshihiko , Asai Kuniya
Published: May 2024

Aims

Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. The higher the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI), the higher the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Despite these findings suggesting a close link between SDB and heart failure, the relationship between the severity of SDB and the onset of heart failure symptoms in individuals without apparent heart failure symptoms (Heart Failure Stage A + B) remains poorly understood.

Methods and results

Between December 2010 and June 2017, we conducted full‐night polysomnography (PSG) at the Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, extracting patients who were at risk of heart failure (Stage A or B in the Heart Failure Guidelines). Using a median cut‐off of AHI ≥ 41.6 events/hour, we divided the patients into two groups and examined the composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality plus hospitalization due to heart failure as the primary endpoint. We included 230 patients (mean age 63.0 ± 12.5 years, 78.3% males) meeting the selection criteria. When comparing the two groups, those with AHI < 41.6 events/hour (L group, n = 115) and those with AHI ≥ 41.6 events/hour (H group, n = 115), the H group had higher body mass index and higher serum triglyceride, and lower the frequency of acute coronary syndrome and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than did the L group, but no other patient characteristics differed significantly. The H group had a significantly higher incidence of the composite endpoint than did the L group (10.6% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.027). Factors associated with the composite endpoint were identified through multivariate analyses, with AHI, haemoglobin, and left atrial dimension emerging as significant factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.04, P = 0.024; HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.94, P = 0.017; and HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03–1.18, P = 0.006, respectively). Conversely, the minimum SpO2 during PSG (<80%) was not associated with the composite endpoint.

Conclusions

In patients with SDB who are at risk of heart failure, severe SDB is associated with a high risk of all‐cause mortality and the development of heart failure. Additionally, combining cardiac echocardiography and PSG data may improve risk stratification, offering potential assistance for early intervention. Further examination with a validation cohort is necessary.
Development of Configurationally Labile Biaryl Reagents for Atropisomer Synthesis
Authors: Wu Changhui , Jin Yang , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Gao Ruiqi , Dou Xiaowei
Published: May 2024

Axially chiral biaryl scaffolds are important in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and asymmetric synthesis. Atroposelective ring‐opening of configurationally labile biaryl reagents via dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation provides a valuable approach to access axially chiral biaryl atropisomers. This review summarizes seminal contributions and recent advancements on this topic based on the use of different types of configurationally labile biaryl reagents.
A group key agreement protocol for Vanet based on Chinese remainder theorem and blockchain
Authors: Xiao Haitao , He An
Published: May 2024

Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless self‐organizing network for obtaining information about road conditions, vehicle speed, vehicle location and traffic congestion. Traditional key negotiation protocols create many problems when dealing with a group of vehicles that need to communicate over a public channel. For example, traditional key negotiation protocols rely too much on the participation of trusted institutions and suffer from a single point of failure. Meanwhile, group session key negotiation is usually inefficient with high computational cost and communication overhead. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a blockchain‐based Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) VANET group key agreement. In addition, the protocol supports dynamic management of vehicles, including joining and exit. Formal security proofs show that our solution satisfies basic security requirements. Experiments using ProVerif show that the protocol functions properly even under many active and passive attacks, such as eavesdropping attacks. Performance analysis shows that the protocol is more efficient in the face of multi‐vehicle communication, in particular by reducing the computational cost by up to 75% and the communication overhead by up to 66%.
Changes in urinary metabolomic profile show the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention in children 6–12 years old: The ALINFA study
Authors: Andueza Naroa , Muñoz‐Prieto David , Romo‐Hualde Ana , Cuervo Marta , Navas‐Carretero Santiago
Published: May 2024

Diet plays an essential role in health and disease. Therefore, its determination is an important component of many investigations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a nutritional intervention on the urinary metabolome in children aged 6–12 years. Also, it was intended to identify biomarkers of diet quality and dietary intake. A 2‐month, randomized, controlled, parallel trial was conducted in Spanish children. The analyses focused on the ALINFA group, which followed a full‐fixed meal plan including healthy products, ready‐to‐eat meals, and healthy recipes. Diet quality was assessed by the KIDMED index and dietary intake by a food frequency questionnaire. Untargeted metabolomic analysis on urine samples was carried out, and multivariate analyses were performed for pattern recognition and characteristic metabolite identification. PLS‐DA and Volcano plot analyses were performed to identify the discriminating metabolites of this group. 12 putative metabolites were found to be the most relevant to this intervention. Most of them were products derived from protein and amino acid metabolism (N‐Ribosylhistidine, indolacrylic acid, and peptides) and lipid metabolism (3‐oxo‐2‐pentylcyclopentane‐1‐hexanoic acid methyl, Suberoyl‐L‐carnitine, and 7‐Dehydrodichapetalin E). All these metabolites decreased after the intervention, which was mainly associated with a decrease in the consumption of fatty meat and total fat, especially saturated fat. In turn, N‐Ribosylhistidine and Suberoyl‐L‐carnitine were negatively associated with diet quality, as well as able to predict the change in KIDMED index. In conclusion, the changes observed in urinary metabolome demonstrate the effectiveness of the ALINFA nutritional intervention.
Identifying genes associated with disease outcomes using joint sparse canonical correlation analysis—An application in renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Dutta Diptavo , Sen Ananda , Satagopan Jaya M.
Published: May 2024

Somatic changes like copy number aberrations (CNAs) and epigenetic alterations like methylation have pivotal effects on disease outcomes and prognosis in cancer, by regulating gene expressions, that drive critical biological processes. To identify potential biomarkers and molecular targets and understand how they impact disease outcomes, it is important to identify key groups of CNAs, the associated methylation, and the gene expressions they impact, through a joint integrative analysis. Here, we propose a novel analysis pipeline, the joint sparse canonical correlation analysis (jsCCA), an extension of sCCA, to effectively identify an ensemble of CNAs, methylation sites and gene (expression) components in the context of disease endpoints, especially tumor characteristics. Our approach detects potentially orthogonal gene components that are highly correlated with sets of methylation sites which in turn are correlated with sets of CNA sites. It then identifies the genes within these components that are associated with the outcome. Further, we aggregate the effect of each gene expression set on tumor stage by constructing “gene component scores” and test its interaction with traditional risk factors. Analyzing clinical and genomic data on 515 renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients from the TCGA‐KIRC, we found eight gene components to be associated with methylation sites, regulated by groups of proximally located CNA sites. Association analysis with tumor stage at diagnosis identified a novel association of expression of ASAH1 gene trans‐regulated by methylation of several genes including SIX5 and by CNAs in the 10q25 region including TCF7L2. Further analysis to quantify the overall effect of gene sets on tumor stage, revealed that two of the eight gene components have significant interaction with smoking in relation to tumor stage. These gene components represent distinct biological functions including immune function, inflammatory responses, and hypoxia‐regulated pathways. Our findings suggest that jsCCA analysis can identify interpretable and important genes, regulatory structures, and clinically consequential pathways. Such methods are warranted for comprehensive analysis of multimodal data especially in cancer genomics.
An automated computational data pipeline to rapidly acquire, score, and rank toxicological data for ecological hazard assessment
Authors: Schaupp Christopher M. , Byrne Gregory , Chan Manli , Haggard Derik E. , Hazemi Monique , Jankowski Mark D. , LaLone Carlie A. , LaTier Andrea , Mattingly Kali Z. , Olker Jennifer H. , Renner James , Sharma Bhaskar , Villeneuve Daniel L.
Published: May 2024

Biological Evaluations support Endangered Species Act (ESA) consultation with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service by federal action agencies, such as the USEPA, regarding impacts of federal activities on threatened or endangered species. However, they are often time-consuming and challenging to conduct. The identification of pollutant benchmarks or guidance to protect taxa for states and tribes when USEPA has not yet developed criteria recommendations is also of importance to ensure a streamlined approach to Clean Water Act program implementation. Due to substantial workloads, tight regulatory timelines, and the often-protracted length of ESA consultations, there is a need to streamline the development of biological evaluation toxicity assessments for determining the impact of chemical pollutants on ESA-listed species. Moreover, there is limited availability of species-specific toxicity data for many contaminants, further complicating the consultation process. New approach methodologies are being increasingly used in toxicology and chemical safety assessment to rapidly and cost-effectively provide data that can fill gaps in hazard and/or exposure characterization. Here, we present the development of an automated computational pipeline—RASRTox (Rapidly Acquire, Score, and Rank Toxicological data)—to rapidly extract and categorize ecological toxicity benchmark values from curated data sources (ECOTOX, ToxCast) and well-established quantitative structure–activity relationships (TEST, ECOSAR). As a proof of concept, points-of-departure (PODs) generated in RASRTox for 13 chemicals were compared against benchmark values derived using traditional methods—toxicity reference values (TRVs) and water quality criteria (WQC). The RASRTox PODs were generally within an order of magnitude of corresponding TRVs, though less concordant compared with WQC. The greatest utility of RASRTox, however, lies in its ability to quickly and systematically identify critical studies that may serve as a basis for screening value derivation by toxicologists as part of an ecological hazard assessment. As such, the strategy described in this case study can potentially be adapted for other risk assessment contexts and stakeholder needs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2203–2217. © 2024 Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Applying Neural ODEs to Derive a Mechanism‐Based Model for Characterizing Maturation‐Related Serum Creatinine Dynamics in Preterm Newborns
Authors: Bräm Dominic Stefan , Koch Gilbert , Allegaert Karel , van den Anker John , Pfister Marc
Published: May 2024

Serum creatinine in neonates follows complex dynamics due to maturation processes, most pronounced in the first few weeks of life. The development of a mechanism‐based model describing complex dynamics requires high expertise in pharmacometric (PMX) modeling and substantial model development time. A recently published machine learning (ML) approach of low‐dimensional neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) is capable of modeling such data from newborns automatically. However, this efficient data‐driven approach in itself does not result in a clinically interpretable model. In this work, an approach to deriving an interpretable model with reasonable PMX‐type functions is presented. This “translation” was applied to derive a PMX model for serum creatinine in neonates considering maturation processes and covariates. The developed model was compared to a previously published mechanism‐based PMX model whereas both models had similar mechanistic structures. The developed model was then utilized to simulate serum creatinine concentrations in the first few weeks of life considering different covariate values for gestational age and birth weight. The reference serum creatinine values derived from these simulations are consistent with observed serum creatinine values and previously published reference values. Thus, the presented NODE‐based ML approach to model complex serum creatinine dynamics in newborns and derive interpretable, mathematical‐statistical components similar to those in a conventional PMX model demonstrates a novel, viable approach to facilitate the modeling of complex dynamics in clinical settings and pediatric drug development.
Diagnostic utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in discriminating immature teratoma: Insights from a case series
Authors: Akçay Ahmet , Dönmez Zeynep , Peker Abdusselim Adil , Toprak Hüseyin , Gültekin Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2024

Immature teratomas (IT) are rare germ cell tumors with malignant behavior, distinct from the benign mature teratomas. Clinical differentiation poses challenges, demanding a comprehensive, multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. This case series delves into the detailed radiological imaging findings of ITs. Pelvic MRI was conducted on five cases with adnexal masses, all of which were histopathologically confirmed as ITs. Radiologically, larger tumor size and scattered fatty components were key diagnostic indicators. This study underlines the importance of comprehensive evaluation in IT diagnosis and management, with MRI as an essential tool in the clinical workflow.
Association of health confidence with hospital length of stay and readmission
Authors: Brown Ashley E. , Press Valerie G. , Meltzer David O.
Published: May 2024

Background

Length of stay (LOS) is an important measure of hospital quality and may be impacted by patient participation. However, concepts of patient participation, like health confidence, have received little examination in hospitalized patients' LOS, especially in diverse populations.

Objective

To determine if the Health Confidence Score (HCS) is associated with hospital LOS and readmission in a socioeconomically diverse population.

Designs, Settings, and Participants

We conducted a prospective cohort study in 2022 of adult general medicine patients at an academic hospital in Chicago, Illinois.

Intervention

None.

Main Outcome and Measures

Patient‐reported responses to the HCS (scored 0 [lowest health confidence] to ‒12 [highest health confidence]), as well as demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical questions, were collected. Primary outcome was LOS and secondary outcomes were 30‐ and 90‐day readmission.

Results

Among 2797 socioeconomically diverse patients who completed the survey (response rate 28.5%), there was an average HCS of 9.19 (SD 2.68, range 0–12). Using linear regression, patients with high HCS (HCS ≥ 9) had a 1.53‐day lower LOS (p < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–2.11, –0.95]) than patients with a low HCS (HCS < 9). This association remained when examining individual HCS questions and controlling for covariates. In logistic regression, HCS was not significantly associated with readmission, but the question “I am involved in decisions about me” (adjusted model: odds ratio 0.83; 95% CI [0.71, 0.96]; p = .01) was associated with 90‐day readmission.
2D Materials‐Based Pulsed Solid‐State Laser: Status and Prospect
Authors: He Xin , Hao Qianqian , Wang Huanli , Yu Shuang , Zhou Yu , Guo Bo , Li Linjun
Published: May 2024

Pulsed solid‐state lasers comprise 2D materials as saturable absorbers that contain transparent windows of the atmosphere and characteristic fingerprint spectra of several vital molecules that are significant in various applications and research. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of narrow pulse width, high energy, high average output power, high efficiency, and simple construction of passively Q‐switched and mode‐locked lasers with 2D materials as saturable absorbers. This review summarizes the development of 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, topological insulators, and MXenes, as modulator devices for solid‐state lasers owing to their broadband operation, excellent nonlinear optical response, low recovery time, ultrafast dynamic processing, and easy fabrication. Then, some new emerging and representative applications of pulsed solid‐state lasers are introduced and illustrated such as laser surgery, material processing, and lidar. Finally, future challenges and perspectives of pulsed solid‐state lasers with 2D materials‐based saturable absorbers are analyzed and addressed. The rapid development of pulsed solid‐state lasers with the continuous improvement of modulation technology is expected to expand opportunities for application in industry, scientific, medical, and other areas.
Multimaterial Fibers for Multifunctional Sensing Applications
Authors: Du Minghui , Lv Shichao , Qiu Jianrong , Guo Tuan , Zhou Shifeng
Published: May 2024

Multimaterial fibers, as a new generation and rapidly developed fiber materials, have been widely used in advanced photonic and optoelectronic devices, energy conversion, optogenetics, smart fabrics, artificial muscles, micro/nano fabrications, 3D printing fields, etc. The great success of multimaterial fibers are mainly benefited from their multifunctionality, outstanding performance, and scalable manufacturing capability. In this review, a comprehensive review is given on the novel sensing principles, advanced manufacture techniques, and multifunctional sensing applications of multimaterial fibers. The development history of multimaterial fibers are introduced, and the importance of the appearance of multimaterial fibers are also evaluated. In addition, the commonly used fabrication techniques of multimaterial fibers with excellent scalability are summarized, and the general design strategies and working principles of multimaterial fibers are also highlighted. Furthermore, the recent advances of multimaterial fibers in diverse meaningful applications such as optical sensing, thermal sensing, chemical sensing, deformation sensing, microfluidic sensing, acoustic sensing, physiological sensing, neural sensing, radiation detection, and magnetic sensing are summarized. The future developments and challenges of multimaterial fibers are also indicated. In summary, this review is envisioned to not only provide fabrication methods and working principles of multimaterial fibers, but also demonstrate its great potentials in practical applications.
Well‐posedness and time decay of fractional Keller–Segel–Navier‐Stokes equations in homogeneous Besov spaces
Authors: Jiang Ziwen , Wang Lizhen
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we consider the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system, which is coupled to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations through transportation and friction. It is shown that when the system is diffused by Lévy motion, the well‐posedness of the mild solution to the corresponding Cauchy problem in homogeneous Besov spaces is established by means of the Banach fixed point theorem. Furthermore, we prove the Lorentz regularity in time direction and the maximal regularity of solutions. In addition, we obtain the additional regularity and explore the time decay property of global mild solutions.
Climate change and credit risk in rural financial institutions: A study based on transition risk
Authors: Wang Jiaji , Ma Qianting , Wang Chao , Sheng Tianxiang
Published: May 2024

This study empirically investigates the impact of climate change on credit risks in rural financial institutions, emphasizing transition risk. We analyzed data from 202 rural financial institutions across, China spanning 2012 to 2020. The empirical findings reveal the following: Firstly, climate change exerts an inverted U‐shaped influence on credit risks in rural financial institutions. Secondly, the inverted U‐shaped relationship is influenced by both the level of digital development and uncertainty in climate policy. Lastly, heightened levels of digital development and increased uncertainty about climate policy can mitigate the negative effects of climate change.
Halal and Makruk: Muslim archaeological fish assemblages as cultural identifiers in the Iberian Middle Ages?
Authors: Llorente‐Rodriguez Laura , Morales‐Muñiz Arturo , Roselló‐Izquierdo Eufrasia
Published: May 2024

Muslim religion has strict rules to determine what kinds of foodstuffs, and under what circumstances, are deemed appropriate for consumption. Fishes are not an exception to this rule and features such as body shape or the presence and conspicuousness of scales dictate whether certain species are acceptable or rejected. In this paper, an overview of the Iberian ichthyoarchaeological record from Muslim sites is presented to ascertain whether differences with Christian sites existed in terms of these characters and to what extent these allow one to take fish assemblages as cultural proxies of archaeological deposits. In the case of coastal (production) sites, we also consider whether the peculiarities a given fish assemblage exhibit reflect instead certain environmental features such as the biotopes where a given local fishery operated.
Enhanced high‐temperature electrical properties and charge dynamics of inorganic/organic silicone elastomer nanocomposites via nanostructure grafting and molecular trap construction
Authors: Wang Qilong , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Miyake Hiroaki , Endo Kazuki , An Yeongguk , Du Haosen , Chen Xiangrong , Paramane Ashish
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a novel strategy to enhance the high‐temperature electrical performance of the silicone elastomer (SE), while ensuring control over its thermal and mechanical properties for SiC device packaging insulation application. For the same, the ultra‐low‐content inorganic/organic SE nanocomposites are prepared and tested (at room temperature and 150°C) by grafting polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanofillers and doping organic semiconductors. It is found that grafting POSS nanofillers enhances the SE's thermal and mechanical properties. Moreover, doping the grafted SE with different organic semiconductors (ITIC, PCBM, and NTCDA) further improves its electrical properties and charge dynamics at 150°C. The optimal doping content for ITIC, PCBM, and NTCDA is found to be 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt%, respectively. Among these, NTCDA exhibits superior electrical performance at 150°C. Particularly, compared to pure SE, NTCDA doping and POSS grafting reduce the electrical conductivity by an order of magnitude and increase the breakdown strength, charge hopping activation energy, and trap energy level by 65.5%, 0.20 eV and 0.73 eV, respectively. This study finds that organic semiconductors outperform nanostructures in inhibiting electron injection and immobilizing free electrons at high temperatures.

Highlights

Nano‐POSS grafting enhances material properties by reinforced molecular chains.

Charge dynamics is studied by space charge and current integrated charge at HT.

Organic semiconductors improve electrical properties and charge dynamics at HT.

Organic semiconductors outperform nanofillers in immobilizing electrons at HT.

The ideal organic semiconductor doping level correlates with its energy gap.
Bellmunt risk score as a survival predictor in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Büttner Thomas , Klümper Niklas , Weiten Richard , Lossin Philipp , Latz Stefan , Jacobs Carolin , Ritter Manuel , Hauser Stefan , Ellinger Jörg , Krausewitz Philipp
Published: May 2024

Background

The prognosis of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is influenced by numerous individual factors. Despite various proposed prognostic models, the clinical application of these remains limited, probably due to complexity. Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Bellmunt risk score, which is well‐known for urothelial carcinoma and easily assessed, in mCRPC patients.

Methods

The Bellmunt risk score was calculated from three risk factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥1, serum hemoglobin <10 g/dL, presence of liver metastases) in 125 patients who received first‐line mCRPC treatment between 2005 and 2023. In addition, a modified score was established (one point each for hemoglobin <10 g/dL and the presence of liver metastases added to the ECOG PS). Associations with overall survival (OS) under first‐ and second‐line therapy were tested using Cox regression analyzes, log‐rank tests, concordance index (C‐index) and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic.

Results

There is a significant correlation between the level of the Bellmunt risk score and shorter OS (hazard ratio: 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.06–5.05; log‐rank p < 0.001; C‐index: 0.724). The semi‐quantitative modified risk score showed even better prognostic discrimination (log‐rank p < 0.001, C‐index: 0.764). The score and its dynamics were also predictive in the second‐line setting (log‐rank p < 0.001 and = 0.01; C‐index: 0.742 and 0.595).

Conclusions

The Bellmunt risk score is easy to assess and provides useful prognostic information in mCRPC, and can support physicians in their treatment decisions.
Influence of Li‐Stoichiometry on Electrical and Acoustic Properties and Temperature Stability of Li(Nb,Ta)O3 Solid Solutions up to 900 °C
Authors: Tichy‐Rács Éva , Hurskyy Stepan , Yakhnevych Uliana , Gaczyński Piotr , Ganschow Steffen , Fritze Holger , Suhak Yuriy
Published: May 2024

The current work is focused on the impact of the lithium stoichiometry on electrical conductivity, acoustic properties, and high‐temperature stability of single crystalline Li(Nb,Ta)O3 at high temperatures. The crystals grown from Li‐deficient melts are treated by the vapor transport equilibration (VTE) method, achieving near stoichiometric Li‐content. It is shown that the VTE‐treated specimens generally exhibit lower conductivity at temperatures below 800 °C, which is attributed to the reduced number of Li‐vacancies in near stoichiometric Li(Nb,Ta)O3, provided that the Li‐ion migration dominates the conductivity in this temperature range. Further, it is shown that above 600–650 °C different mechanism increasingly contributes to the conductivity, which is consequently attributed to the electronic conduction. Further, it is shown that losses in LNT strongly increase above about 500 °C, which is interpreted to originate from conductivity‐related relaxation mechanism. Finally, the thermal stability of Li(Nb,Ta)O3 is evaluated by the measurement of the conductivity and resonance frequency as a function of time. It is found that during annealing at 700 °C for 350 h, the resonance frequency of LiNbO3 remains in a ± 100 ppm range of the initial value of 3.5 MHz.
Evidence‐Based Understanding of Lateral Hole Transport During OFF‐State Stress Completing Dynamic GaN‐on‐Si Buffer Charging Model
Authors: Butej Boris , Wieland Dominik , Pogany Dionyz , Gharib Amgad , Pobegen Gregor , Ostermaier Clemens , Koller Christian
Published: May 2024

Gallium nitride (GaN)‐on‐Si high electron mobility transistors require insulating GaN buffers, which are prone to charge trapping and result in dynamic ON‐state resistance (dR
DS,on) that negatively impacts performance and reliability. Herein, simultaneous measurements of threshold voltage shift (dV
TH) and dR
DS,on during OFF‐state stress with microsecond time resolution are employed. Ohmic p‐GaN gate contacts enable the use of dV
TH to probe charge accumulation under the gate, while dR
DS,on probes charge accumulation in the gate‐drain access region. Comparison of dV
TH and dR
DS,on provides direct evidence of lateral hole transport in the GaN buffer when exposed to a lateral electric field in OFF‐state. This lateral hole transport causes positive charge accumulation in the buffer under the gate and triggers a newly proposed electron injection mechanism into the same region. Only by considering the combination of lateral hole transport and electron injection under the gate the observed up to fivefold dR
DS,on increase in OFF‐state stress compared to back‐gating at low biases can be explained. Furthermore, another electron spillover mechanism is introduced that occurs for large positive charge accumulation under the gate and limits the maximum negative dV
TH. All known and newly introduced processes during OFF‐state are summarized in a concise dynamic buffer charging model.
Coherent Microwave, Optical, and Mechanical Quantum Control of Spin Qubits in Diamond
Authors: Orphal‐Kobin Laura , Torun Cem Güney , Bopp Julian M. , Pieplow Gregor , Schröder Tim
Published: May 2024

Diamond has emerged as a highly promising platform for quantum network applications. Color centers in diamond fulfill the fundamental requirements for quantum nodes: they constitute optically accessible quantum systems with long‐lived spin qubits. Furthermore, they provide access to a quantum register of electronic and nuclear spin qubits and they mediate entanglement between spins and photons. All these operations require coherent control of the color center's spin state. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art, challenges, and prospects of such schemes, including high‐fidelity initialization, coherent manipulation, and readout of spin states. Established microwave and optical control techniques are reviewed, and moreover, emerging methods such as cavity‐mediated spin–photon interactions and mechanical control based on spin–phonon interactions are summarized. For different types of color centers, namely, nitrogen–vacancy and group‐IV color centers, distinct challenges persist that are subject of ongoing research. Beyond fundamental coherent spin qubit control techniques, advanced demonstrations in quantum network applications are outlined, for example, the integration of individual color centers for accessing (nuclear) multiqubit registers. Finally, the role of diamond spin qubits in the realization of future quantum information applications is described.
Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation through Interface Fusion over CdS Quantum Dot Aerogels
Authors: Xu Shishun , Jiang Guocan , Zhang Hangkai , Gao Cunyuan , Chen Zhihao , Liu Zhihong , Wang Jin , Du Jun , Cai Bin , Li Zhengquan
Published: May 2024

In the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, quantum dot (QD) assemblies have emerged as promising candidate photocatalysts due to their superior light absorption and better substrate adsorption. However, the poor contacts within QD assemblies lead to low interfacial charge transfer efficiency, making QD assemblies suffer from unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance. Herein, a novel approach is presented involving the construction of strongly interfacial fused CdS QD assemblies (CdS QD gel) for CO2 reduction. The novel CdS QD gel demonstrates outstanding photocatalytic performance for CO2 methanation, achieving a CH4 generation rate of ≈296 µmol g−1 h−1, with a selectivity surpassing 76% and an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 1.4%. Further investigations reveal that the robust interfacial fusion in these CdS QDs not only boosts their ability to absorb visible light but also significantly promotes charge separation. The present work paves the way for utilizing QD gel photocatalysts in realizing efficient CO2 reduction and highlights the critical role of interfacial engineering in photocatalysts.
Unlocking the Power of Magnesium Batteries: Synergistic Effect of InSb‐C Composites to Achieve Superior Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Peng Xianhao , Yuan Yuan , Gu Dachong , Zheng Xingwang , Li Dajian , Wu Liang , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng
Published: May 2024

Pure magnesium anode used in rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMB) exhibits high theoretical capacity but has been challenged by the passivation issue with conventional electrolytes. Alloy‐type anodes have the potential to surpass this issue and have attracted increasing attention. However, the kinetic performance and stabilities of conventional alloy anodes are still constrained. In this study, the InSb‐10%C anode is synthesized by a two‐step high‐energy ball milling process. The InSb‐10%C anode exhibits a remarkably high capacity of up to 448 mA h g−1, significantly improved cycle performance (234 mA h g−1 at 100 cycles) and rate performance (168 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1). The above‐mentioned superior performance of the InSb‐10%C anode for RMBs is attributed to the cellular graphitized amorphous carbon composite structure (CGA) which effectively refines the particle size and restricts the volume expansion. Additionally, the reduced surface electron density of InSb combined with the high conductivity resulting from graphitization enhances the Mg2+ diffusion performance. Notably, the InSb‐10%C anode demonstrates good compatibility with conventional halogen‐free salt ether‐based electrolytes in the full battery configuration.