bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk and restraint—The key to understanding the decreasing use of alcohol for young people in high income countries?
Authors: Pennay Amy , Caluzzi Gabriel , Livingston Michael , MacLean Sarah
Published: July 2023

Introduction

In this article we seek to understand the changing social position of alcohol use for young people in Australia by identifying how alcohol has become framed as posing a significant risk to their bodies and futures.

Methods

Forty interviews were conducted with young people aged 18–21 years from Melbourne, Australia, who had previously identified as light drinkers or abstainers. Drawing on insights from contemporary sociologies of risk, we explored how risk was discussed as a governing concept that shaped young people's views of alcohol, and how it encouraged or necessitated risk‐avoidance in daily life.

Results

Participants drew on a range of risk discourses in framing their abstention or moderate drinking along the lines of health, wellness, wisdom and productivity. They reiterated social constructions of heavy or regular alcohol use as irresponsible, threatening and potentially addictive. The focus on personal responsibility was striking in most accounts. Participants seemed to have routinised ways of practicing risk avoidance and coordinated drinking practices with other practices in their everyday life, with alcohol therefore ‘competing for time’.

Discussion and Conclusions

Our findings endorse the idea that discourses of risk and individual responsibility shape the contemporary socio‐cultural value of alcohol for young people. Risk avoidance has become routine and is manifested through the practice of restraint and control. This appears particular to high‐income countries like Australia, where concerns about young people's futures and economic security are increasing, and where neoliberal politics are the foundations of governmental ideology.
Factor analysis of the Gait Outcomes Assessment List's goal questions: A new method to measure goal prioritization in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy
Authors: Munger Meghan E. , Shippee Nathan D. , Beebe Timothy J. , Novacheck Tom F. , Virnig Beth A.
Published: July 2023

Aim

To evaluate the factor structure of the 49 goal prioritization questions of the Gait Outcome Assessment List (GOAL).

Method

This was a retrospective review of 622 consecutive individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy (median = 11 years 2 months, SD = 6 years 0 months, 370 male), who underwent a routine clinical gait analysis at a specialty center and completed the validated GOAL. To assess dimensionality, we performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the goal ratings of its 49 gait‐related items. For internal consistency, we calculated Cronbach's alpha. We created standardized goal scores for each factor and determined floor and ceiling effects according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).

Results

Factor analyses suggested that the GOAL's 49 goal prioritization items represented eight factors, one more than the original GOAL validation because pain and fatigue were separated into distinct factors. Cronbach alphas were acceptably high (≥0.80) across factors except for use of braces and mobility aids (α = 0.68). Goal importance varied across domains and GMFCS levels.

Interpretation

The GOAL can be expanded as a tool to better understand goal priorities in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy. These scores can be used to guide clinical conversations and provide more focus than previously available when faced with 49 individual goals. Scores can also be aggregated across relevant populations for larger‐scale studies.

What this paper adds

The goal items of the Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL) can be reduced into eight goal domains.

Pain and fatigue represent distinct goal domains.

The level of goal importance varies across GOAL domains and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels.
Can colonial institutions explain differences in labour returns? Evidence from rural colonial India
Authors: Caum‐Julio Jordi
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the relationship between land revenue systems and returns to agricultural labour in colonial India. I provide the first district‐level comparative estimates of agricultural labour returns relative to average income, on the basis of wage/income ratios for 1916. I then use those estimates to analyse the impact of the land revenue systems established by the British colonial authorities. Results show that districts with a larger proportion of non‐landlord land revenue systems presented higher relative wages, closer to the average income. This effect was mainly driven by differences in land concentration connected to the type of landownership introduced by land revenue systems.
First records of cottony hydrangea scale Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, 1946 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Ukraine
Authors: Demchynska Myroslava , Mirutenko Vladyslav , Lovas Pavlo
Published: July 2023

Pulvinaria hydrangeae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) is an invasive species in Europe and was recorded for the first time in Ukraine in 2021. The species was observed in large numbers on Cerasus serrulata (Lindley) in the urban green area of Uzhhorod city in Zakarpattia Region. This species is a polyphagous soft scale and a pest of urban and forest trees and woody plants.
Secularize, psychologize, neoliberalize: The entangled Jewish self of North American Jews
Authors: Werczberger Rachel
Published: July 2023

This article unpacks the construction of the Jewish spiritual self in three current projects of Jewish spirituality in North America—Jewish mindfulness, the neo‐Musar movement, and the nascent Positive Judaism—and explores their relations with the neoliberal economic regime and ideology. Based on the content analysis of 30 popular online and offline texts, among them promotional websites, podcasts, and published works, and data gathered during long‐term ethnographic study on Jewish spirituality in Israel and North America, the article argues that the highly individualized Jewish spirituality has become an institutionally mediated form of Jewish self‐expression. By building on anthropological works about the cultural implications of neoliberalism on the self and following the lead of the foundational works linking Jewish cultural production and neoliberalism in North America, this article offers a perspective on Jewish spirituality that recognizes the relations between neoliberalism, self‐cultivation, and community life. Fusing the spiritual, therapeutic, and neoliberal discourses, projects of Jewish spirituality package neoliberal ideals such as choice, emotional, resilience, well‐being, and happiness as Jewish spiritual commodities. At the same time, the subjectivity cultivated in these projects is a Jewish‐specific formation—a self that is highly individualized but remains strongly connected to its religious‐ethnic community and cultural tradition. Jewish spirituality is thus used here as a case study for how neoliberalism affects contemporary forms of religious practice and creates new ethical orientations to communal belongings.
Effects of TP63 mutations on keratinocyte adhesion and migration
Authors: Salois Maddison N. , Gugger Jessica A. , Webb Saiphone , Sheldon Christina E. , Parraga Shirley P. , Lewitt G. Michael , Grange Dorothy K. , Koch Peter J. , Koster Maranke I.
Published: July 2023

The goal of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation of skin erosions in patients affected by Ankyloblepharon‐ectodermal defects‐cleft lip/palate syndrome (AEC). This ectodermal dysplasia is caused by mutations in the TP63 gene, which encodes several transcription factors that control epidermal development and homeostasis. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from AEC patients and corrected the TP63 mutations using genome editing tools. Three pairs of the resulting conisogenic iPSC lines were differentiated into keratinocytes (iPSC‐K). We identified a significant downregulation of key components of hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions in AEC iPSC‐K compared to their gene‐corrected counterparts. Further, we demonstrated reduced AEC iPSC‐K migration, suggesting the possibility that a process critical for cutaneous wound healing might be impaired in AEC patients. Next, we generated chimeric mice expressing a TP63‐AEC transgene and confirmed a downregulation of these genes in transgene‐expressing cells in vivo. Finally, we also observed these abnormalities in AEC patient skin. Our findings suggest that integrin defects in AEC patients might weaken the adhesion of keratinocytes to the basement membrane. We propose that reduced expression of extracellular matrix adhesion receptors, potentially in conjunction with previously identified desmosomal protein defects, contribute to skin erosions in AEC.
Late Cretaceous tectono‐magmatism of southeast China: Evidence from Qushandao Granite in the eastern Zhejiang province
Authors: Chu Pingli , Bao Lang , Duan Zheng , Yu Minggang , Zhu Yanhui
Published: July 2023

The Qushandao Granite, mainly composed of alkali‐feldspar granite, is situated in the eastern Zhejiang province of coastal southeast China. In this paper, we present whole‐rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and Hf isotopes to constrain the age, magma sources, and geodynamic setting of the Qushandao Granite. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating results revealed that the Qushandao Granite was emplaced in the Late Cretaceous (101–98 Ma). Geochemically, the Qushandao Granite exhibits relatively high silica and alkali contents, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.98–1.02), and low abundances of phosphorus, titanium, magnesium, and calcium. It is also characterized by enrichment in Rb, K, Th, and depletion in Nb, Ta, P, Ti, and Sr with moderately to weakly negative europium anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.71–0.87). Furthermore, the Qushandao Granite displays lower FeOT/MgO, 104 × Ga/Al, and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y values relative to typical A‐type granites. Therefore, we classify the Qushandao Granite as calc‐alkaline I‐type granite based on a synthesis of geological and geochemical characteristics. The Qushandao Granite shows variable zircon Hf isotopic compositions (εHf(t) = −7.6 to +2.3) and TDM2 model ages of 1.40–0.83 Ga with a mean value of 1.17 Ga. We argue that the Qushandao Granite was most likely generated by mixing of mantle‐derived mafic magma and crust‐derived felsic magma in the lower crust, and that it was formed during post‐collisional extension in the Late Cretaceous, related to the gradually increasing subduction angle of the Paleo‐Pacific plate.
Comparing the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones in children: A retrospective study
Authors: Bağcı Uygar , Dinçkal Mustafa , Tekin Ali , Kızılay Fuat , Nazlı Oktay , Ulman İbrahim
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy methods are commonly used in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones. There are no adequate studies showing which method is more effective in children. In our study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two treatment methods, commonly used for proximal ureteral stones in children.

Methods

A total of 78 patients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy (n = 38) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (n = 40) due to stones located in the proximal ureter between 2010 and 2021 were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Chi‐square, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

There was no statistical difference between the demographic characteristics of the groups, except for the mean age values (p = 0.008). A statistically significant difference was found in favor of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy group in terms of stone‐free rates after the first intervention, complication rates requiring intervention, re‐intervention rates, and the average number of anesthesia sessions per patient until stone‐free status (p = 0.043, p = 0.009, p = 0.017, and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

The results of this retrospective study suggest that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the primary treatment option for single, non‐complicated proximal ureteral stones.
Neural correlates of distorted body images in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa: How is it different from major depressive disorder?
Authors: Karakuş Aydos Yağmur , Dövencioğlu Dicle , Karlı Oğuz Kader , Özdemir Pınar , Pehlivantürk Kızılkan Melis , Kanbur Nuray , Ünal Dilek , Nalbant Kevser , Çetin Çuhadaroğlu Füsun , Akdemir Devrim
Published: July 2023

Body image disturbance is closely linked to eating disorders including anorexia nervosa (AN). Distorted body image perception, dissatisfaction and preoccupation with weight and shape are often key factors in the development and maintenance of these disorders. Although the pathophysiological mechanism of body image disorder is not yet fully understood, aberrant biological processes may interfere with perceptive, cognitive and emotional aspects of body image. This study focuses on the neurobiological aspects of body image disturbance. The sample consisted of 12 adolescent girls diagnosed with AN, nine girls with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 10 without psychiatric diagnoses (HC, the healthy control group). We applied a block‐design task in functional magnetic resonance imaging using participants' original and distorted overweight and underweight images. After imaging, the participants scored the images for resemblance, satisfaction and anxiety levels. The findings of this study demonstrate that overweight images elicited dissatisfaction and increased occipitotemporal activations across all participants. However, no difference was found between the groups. Furthermore, the MDD and HC groups showed increased activations in the prefrontal cortex and insula in response to underweight images compared to their original counterparts, whereas the AN group exhibited increased activations in the parietal cortex, cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal cortex in response to the same stimuli.
Assessment of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis function using a vasopressin stimulation test in neonatal foals
Authors: Elder Erin , Wong David , Johnson Katheryn , Robertson Hannah , Marner Meghan , Dembek Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

Background

Bacterial sepsis is the leading cause of death in foals and is associated with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis (HPAA) dysfunction. HPAA function can be evaluated by an arginine‐vasopressin (AVP) stimulation test.

Hypotheses/Objectives

Administration of AVP will stimulate a dose‐dependent rise in systemic adrenocorticotropin‐releasing hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in neonatal foals. There will be no response seen in corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and baseline AVP will be within reference interval.

Animals

Twelve neonatal foals, <72 hours old.

Methods

HPAA function was assessed in foals utilizing 3 doses of AVP (2.5, 5, and 7.5 IU), administered between 24 and 48 hours of age in this randomized cross‐over study. Cortisol, ACTH, CRH and AVP were measured at 0 (baseline), 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after AVP administration with immunoassays. The fold increase in cortisol and ACTH was calculated at 15 and 30 minutes compared to baseline.

Results

All doses of AVP resulted in a significant increase in cortisol concentration over time, and a dose‐dependent increase in ACTH concentration over time. ACTH and cortisol were significantly increased at 15 and 30 minutes, respectively after all 3 doses of AVP compared to baseline (P < .01). There was no change in endogenous CRH after stimulation with AVP.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Administration of AVP is safe and results in a significant rise in ACTH and cortisol in neonatal foals. A stimulation test with AVP (5 IU) can be considered for HPAA assessment in septic foals.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Trends of Primary Hip Arthroplasty in Five Tertiary Hospitals: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Zhao Kuo , Wang Yanwei , Xu Kuishuai , Jin Lin , Chen Wei , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: July 2023

Objective

The number of primary hip arthroplasty (PHA) has increased sharply in recent years. Whether the epidemiological characteristics and trends of PHA have changed are unknown. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of those patients are urgent for public health institutions.

Methods

The data of patients who underwent PHA in five tertiary hospitals from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 21,898 patients were included, most of whom were aged 60–69 years (25.1% males and 31.5% females). According to the hospitalization date, the patients were divided into two groups (Group A and Group B). The patients admitted between January 2011 and December 2015 were designated as Group A (7862), and those admitted between January 2016 and December 2020 were designated as Group B (14036). The patient data of the two groups, including sex, age, disease causes, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, surgical procedures, hospital stay duration, and hospitalization costs, were analyzed by Pearson chi‐Square test, Student t test or Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

More women were included in Group B than in Group A (58.5% vs 52.5%, P < 0.001). The mean age of Group B was less than that of Group A (62.27 ± 14.77 vs 60.69 ± 14.44 years, P < 0.001). Femoral head necrosis was the primary pathogenic factor in both groups, with a higher proportion in Group B than in Group A (55.5% vs 45.5%, P < 0.001). Significant differences were found between the two groups in BMI, comorbidities, surgical procedures, hospital stay duration, and hospitalization costs. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was the most common surgical procedure in both groups, with a higher proportion in Group B than in Group A (89.8% vs 79.3%, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with one or more comorbidities was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A (69.2% vs 59.9%, P < 0.001). In addition, Group B had a shorter hospital stay duration and higher hospitalization costs than Group A.

Conclusion

Femoral head necrosis was the primary etiology for PHA in this study, followed by femoral neck fracture and hip osteoarthritis. Patients who underwent PHA exhibited a higher percentage of femoral head necrosis; underwent THA more often; and had larger BMIs, more comorbidities, higher medical costs, and younger age in the past decade.
Intra‐articular Osteoid Osteoma of the Intermediate Cuneiform Bone Causing Articular Degeneration: A Rare Case and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Cheng , Fu ShaoLing , Su Yan , Shi ZhongMin
Published: July 2023

Osteoid osteoma of the cuneiform bone is an exceedingly rare and easily missed cause of foot pain. The uncharacteristic and nonspecific radiographs of such intra‐articular osteoid osteoma further increase difficulty in making the diagnosis. To date, there has been no description of intra‐articular osteoid osteoma of the intermediate cuneiform bone causing articular degeneration in any published literatures. We present a case of intra‐articular osteoid osteoma of the intermediate cuneiform bone causing articular degeneration, who underwent curettage, allograft bone graft, and navicular‐cuneiform arthrodesis. The patient presented with radiographic bone union, full motor function recovery and pain‐free at the 22‐month follow‐up. This report adds to the existing literature. Intra‐articular osteoid osteoma of the intermediate cuneiform bone causing articular degeneration is an exceedingly rare and easily missed cause of foot pain. It proves a complicated and challenging task to identify intra‐articular osteoid osteoma. Clinicians should be particularly careful not to exclude the possibility of arthritis and, thus, vigilant when choosing the surgical option.
Catheter ablation of the left‐sided variant of right top pulmonary vein in a case with persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Nakatani Yosuke , Take Yutaka , Takizawa Ryoya , Yoshimura Shingo , Kaseno Kenichi , Yamashita Eiji , Naito Shigeto
Published: July 2023

A 50‐year‐old woman underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Preoperative computed tomography revealed a left‐sided variant of the right top pulmonary vein (PV) and a persistent left superior vena cava. The right top PV was successfully isolated through a wide antral circumferential ablation line simultaneously with the right PVs.
Exceptions to the temperature–size rule: no Lilliput Effect in end‐Permian ostracods (Crustacea) from Aras Valley (northwest Iran)
Authors: Nätscher Paulina S. , Gliwa Jana , De Baets Kenneth , Ghaderi Abbas , Korn Dieter
Published: July 2023

The body size of marine ectotherms is often negatively correlated with ambient water temperature, as seen in many clades during the hyperthermal crisis of the end‐Permian mass extinction (c. 252 Ma). However, in the case of ostracods, size changes during ancient hyperthermal events are rarely quantified. In this study, we evaluate the body size changes of ostracods in the Aras Valley section (northwest Iran) in response to the drastic warming during the end‐Permian mass extinction at three taxonomic levels: class, order, species. At the assemblage level, the warming triggers a complete species turnover in the Aras Valley section, with larger, newly emerging species dominating the immediate post‐extinction assemblage for a short time. Individual ostracod species and instars do not show dwarfing or a change in body size as an adaptation to the temperature stress during the end‐Permian crisis. This may indicate that the ostracods in the Aras Valley section might have been exceptions to the temperature–size rule (TSR), using an adaptation mechanism that does not involve a decrease in body size. This adaptation might be similar to the accelerated development despite constant instar body sizes that can be observed in some recent experimental studies of ostracod responses to thermal stress.
Hybrid breeding for fall armyworm resistance: Combining ability and hybrid prediction
Authors: Kamweru Isaac , Beyene Yoseph , Anani Bruce , Adetimirin Victor O. , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Gowda Manje
Published: July 2023

Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) emerged as a major lepidopteran pest destroying maize in sub‐Saharan Africa. A diallel mating design was used to generate 210 experimental hybrids from 21 lines. Experimental hybrids and four checks were evaluated in two locations. Commercial checks suffered higher foliar and ear damage compared to the top 15 hybrids. Mean squares associated with the genotypic variation were higher than genotype‐by‐environment interactions for foliar and ear damage traits. Heritabilities were moderate to high. Significant correlations were observed between grain yield (GY) with ear rot (−0.54) and ear damage (−0.45). Positive and significant GCA effects were observed for GY in seven parental lines, which were developed from multiple insect resistance breeding programmes. CKSBL10153 has the highest GCA value for GY and shows significant GCA effects for foliar and ear damage traits. These lines were identified as the ideal combiners for GY and FAW resistance and are therefore recommended for utilization as testers in the development of FAW‐resistant three‐way cross‐hybrid maize with correlated response for increased GY. GCA and marker‐based prediction correlations of GY were 0.79 and 0.96, respectively. Both GCA effects and marker‐based models were effective in predicting hybrid performance for FAW resistance.
On antigen‐specific signals, immune class regulation and energetics: Report III from the workshops on foundational concepts of immune regulation
Authors: Anderson Colin C. , Bonney Elizabeth A. , Mueller Thomas F. , Corthay Alexandre , Havele Calliopi , Singh Nevil J. , Øynebråten Inger , Bretscher Peter A.
Published: July 2023

This is a report from a one‐week workshop held in Athens, Greece in July of 2022. The workshop aimed to identify emerging concepts relevant to the fundamentals of immune regulation and areas for future research. Theories of immune regulation emphasize the role of T cell help or co‐stimulation (signal 2). The workshop participants considered how new data on the characteristics of agonist antigens, the role of the antigen receptor signals (signal 1) in driving fate decisions, the effect of energetics on immunity and a better understanding of class‐control in the immune response, may impact theories of immune regulation. These ideas were discussed in the context of tumour immunology, autoimmunity, pregnancy and transplantation. Here we present the discussions as a narrative of different viewpoints to allow the reader to join the conversation. These discussions highlight the evolving understanding of the nature of specific antigen recognition and how both antigen‐specific and non‐specific mechanisms impact immune responses.
Efficacy of photo‐thermal‐bioactivated platelet‐rich plasma for skin biostimulation in patients not eligible for other medical‐aesthetic treatment: A pilot study
Authors: Hernández Sanz Carlota , Pinto Hernán
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of photothermal bioactivated platelet‐rich plasma for reducing laxity in facial rejuvenation in patients not eligible for other aesthetic treatments due to several comorbidities.

Methods

A prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted. Efficacy was assessed through a satisfaction scale and the Facial Laxity Rating Scale. Safety assessments were based on the data of all adverse events and the visual analog pain scale.

Results

Seven patients with a mean age of 51 (standard deviation [SD] 7.46, range 42–63) were included. In six patients (85.7%), the treatment was applied to the face and neck, and in one patient (14.3%), only to the lower half of the face and neck. The physician's perception of laxity decreased, and the procedure was not complex. Patients’ and physician satisfaction increased as the study progressed. Adverse effects were not serious and resolved without sequelae. The patients’ pain perceived during the treatment was mild in most cases.

Conclusion

The photothermal bioactivated platelet‐rich plasma injections were a safe and effective treatment for facial laxity in patients not eligible for other procedures, providing good satisfaction.
The novel HLA‐B*13:179 variant detected by next generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zhong Yan‐Ping , Quan Zhan‐Rou , He Liu‐Mei , Zou Hong‐Yan
Published: July 2023

HLA‐B*13:179 differs from HLA‐B*13:99 by one nucleotide substitution at position 829(A>G) in exon 4.
Recipient and kidney graft outcomes of deceased donors with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States
Authors: Fontana Lauren , Swanson Kurtis J , El‐Rifai Rasha , Bregman Adam , Spong Richard , Kirchner Varvara A. , Pruett Timothy , Jackson Scott , Riad Samy
Published: July 2023

Background

The HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) act afforded transplantation of organs from donors who have HIV. Herein we compared the long‐term outcomes of recipients with HIV by donor HIV testing status.

Methods

Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we identified all primary adult kidney transplant recipients who were HIV‐positive between 1/1/16‐12/31/21. Recipients were grouped into three cohorts according to the donor HIV status based on antibody (Ab) and nucleic acid testing (NAT): Donor Ab−/NAT− (n = 810), Donor Ab+ /NAT− (n = 98), and Donor Ab+/NAT+ (n = 90). We compared recipient and death‐censored graft survival (DCGS) by donor HIV testing status using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression, censored at 3 years posttransplant. Secondary outcomes were delayed graft function (DGF) and the following 1‐year outcomes: acute rejection, re‐hospitalization, and serum creatinine.

Results

In Kaplan–Meier analyses, patient survival and DCGS were similar by donor HIV status (log rank p = .667; log rank p = .388). DGF occurred more frequently in donors with HIV Ab−/NAT− testing compared with Ab+/NAT− or Ab+/NAT+ testing (38.0% vs. 28.6% vs. 26.7%, p = .028). Average dialysis time before transplant was twice as long for recipients who received organs from donors with Ab−/NAT− testing (p < .001). Acute rejection, re‐hospitalization and serum creatinine at 12 months did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Patient and allograft survival for recipients living with HIV remains comparable irrespective of donor HIV testing status. Utilizing kidneys from deceased donors with HIV Ab+/NAT− or Ab+/NAT+ testing shortens dialysis time prior to transplant.

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On the economic and political determinants of trade in natural gas
Authors: Farag Markos , Zaki Chahir
Published: July 2023

This paper analyses the determinants of trade in natural gas through a political economy lens. In addition to the economic determinants of trading in natural gas, the latter could be affected by political determinants such as sanctions and the institutional gap between trading partners. Moreover, while the literature considers the effect of tariffs, less attention has been attributed to non‐tariff measures (NTMs) that might also be imposed for political reasons. To quantify the impact of these different determinants on natural gas trade, we use a gravity model that explains bilateral trade for pipeline natural gas (PNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) over the period 2000–2017. We also consider the zero trade flows of natural gas by using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimator. Our results show that economic sanctions have reduced bilateral LNG trade by 24% on average. We also find that the institutional gap between trading partners exerts a significant negative effect on bilateral PNG and LNG trade, pointing out that institutions could be considered as fixed export cost in the natural gas market. Moreover, in addition to tariffs, NTMs have a significant negative effect on trade in natural gas.
Paediatric clinical decision support: Evaluation of a best practice alert for red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Adkins Brian D. , Murfin Roberta , Luu Hung S. , Noland Daniel K.
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives

Providing red blood cell (RBC) transfusion to paediatric patients with a haemoglobin (Hb) level of <7 g/dL is the current best practice, but it is often difficult to ensure appropriateness of RBC transfusion on a health system level. Electronic health record (EHR) clinical decision support systems have been shown to be effective in encouraging providers to transfuse at appropriate Hb thresholds. We present our experience with an interruptive best practice alert (BPA) at a paediatric healthcare system.

Materials and Methods

An interruptive BPA requiring physician response was implemented in our EHR (Epic Systems Corp., Verona, WI, USA) in 2018 based on Hb thresholds for inpatients. The threshold was initially <8 g/dL and later changed to <7 g/dL in 2019. We assessed total activations, number of RBC transfusions and hospital metrics through 2022 compared to the 2 years prior to implementation.

Results

The BPA activated 6956 times over 4 years, slightly less than 5/day, and the success rate, with no RBC transfusions within 24 h of order attempt, was 14.5% (1012/6956). There was a downward trend in the number of total RBC transfusions and RBC transfusions per admission after implementation, non‐significant (p = 0.41 and p = >0.99). The annual case mix index was similar over the years evaluated. The estimated cost savings based on acquisition costs for RBC units were 213,822 USD or about $51,891 per year.

Conclusion

BPA implementation led to sustained change in RBC transfusion towards best practice, and there were long‐term savings in RBC expenditure.
Evaluation of patient participation in relation to the implementation of a person‐centered nursing shift handover
Authors: Lantz Ann‐Christin Hultman , Gunningberg Lena , Eriksson Gunilla , Eldh Ann Catrine , Wenemark Marika , Pöder Ulrika
Published: July 2023

Background

It has been suggested that nursing shift‐to‐shift handover should be a more team‐based dialogue with and for the patient rather than about a patient.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate patient participation in relation to the implementation of the person‐centered handover (PCH).

Method

A pretest–posttest design was used without a comparison group, including patients from nine units in a university hospital at pretest (n = 228) and after implementing PCH (posttest, n = 253) per the framework integrated‐Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services. The PCH is inspired by an Australian bedside handover model. The Patient Preferences for the Patient Participation tool was used to rate the preference for and experience of participation on 12 items, combined into three levels of preference‐based participation (insufficient–fair–sufficient).

Results

There were no differences regarding experience or preference‐based participation between patients at pretest–posttest; however, posttest patients experienced participation in the item Reciprocal communication to a lesser extent than the pretest patients. Only 49% of the posttest group received PCH; of those not receiving PCH, some would have wanted PCH (27%), while some would have declined (24%). Patients receiving PCH had sufficient participation (82%), to a greater extent, regarding the item Sharing one's symptoms with staff than patients at pretest (72%). Patients receiving PCH also had sufficient participation, to a greater extent, than patients at posttest who did not receive, but would have wanted PCH, regarding four items: (1) sharing one's symptoms with staff, (2) reciprocal communication, (3) being told what was done, and (4) taking part in planning.

Linking evidence to action

Most patients want to be present at PCH. Therefore, nurses should ask for the patients' preferences regarding PCH and act accordingly. Not inviting patients who want PCH could contribute to insufficient patient participation. Further studies are needed to capture what assistance nurses would want in identifying and acting in alignment with patient preferences.
A Review of Enterprise Architecture for Strategic Performance Management in the Transportation Sector Digital Transformation
Authors: Said AlKharbush Maisa Mubarak , Zohdi Mahmoud Mahmoud Hamed , Abu Bakar Nur Azaliah
Published: July 2023

This paper reviews the use of Enterprise Architecture (EA) for strategic performance management in the transport sector's digital transformation, focusing on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) theory.  EA is essential for strategic planning and performance management in the transport industry, which is vital to the economy.  The study analyses academic publications, industry reports, and case studies to assess EA's benefits, drawbacks, and novel solutions in transportation.  The Balanced Scorecard framework, which measures and manages performance holistically, should be used to align EA projects.  EA and the Balanced Scorecard theory may provide a solid foundation for strategic performance management in the transportation sector's digital transition.  It aligns goals, objectives, and KPIs with strategic vision and mission.  EA also helps identify important capabilities, processes, and IT systems to accomplish desired results.  It also improves decision-making by offering an integrated perspective of the organisation's resources, capabilities, and dependencies.  In the transportation industry, EA for strategic performance management faces obstacles, including imprecise communication, insufficient governance, and limited planning.  Innovative solutions, including improved communication channels, stronger governance systems, and enhanced planning techniques, are recommended to tackle these issues.  This review analysis sheds light on the transport sector's digital transition using EA and the Balanced Scorecard theory.  It advises researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to use EA to improve performance management and maintain transportation industry growth.
Implementing Cybersecurity In DefTech Sdn Bhd using DoDAF
Authors: Mohd Zain Yunnyzar , Abu Bakar Nur Azaliah , Hussien Surya Sumarni
Published: July 2023

A company's architecture significantly affects how much it is worth. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is the term used to describe the ideas and standards that guide the execution of information, technology, and business mission in defence companies. The main objective is to align information technology and business strategy better. For this project, we selected Defence Technologies Sdn Bhd (DefTech) for the case study in implementing the EA. the purpose of this research is to include the as-is and to-be scenarios in detail of each division in the organisation by using DoDAF. DefTech is in the security and defence industry. The main aim is to implement Cybersecurity for data security and asset planning since they supply and produce armoured and logistic vehicles specifically for military and homeland security. The As-Is and To-Be scenarios for DefTech were explained, and data leak protection has been added as the future architecture for the organisation. The component will increase cybersecurity protection and traceability during data leakage. Implementing and enforcing a DoDAF standard reduces inefficiencies in enterprise security and identifies weaknesses. EA has shown potential utility for designing integrated architectures for a business on its own. Still, it can also act as the hub for other initiatives to govern the collaborative enterprise, particularly those centred on security.
Definable structures on flat bundles
Authors: Bakker Benjamin , Mullane Scott
Published: July 2023

A flat vector bundle on an algebraic variety supports two natural definable structures given by the flat and algebraic coordinates. In this note, we show these two structures are compatible, subject to a condition on the local monodromy at infinity that is satisfied for all flat bundles underlying variations of Hodge structures.
Cavitation Flows Past a Rotating Circular Cylinder
Authors: Le Anh Dinh , Vu Truong V. , Cong Truong Dinh
Published: July 2023

Cavitating flows around a rotating circular cylinder at the low Reynolds number flow (Re ≤ 400) are numerically investigated. The computation is performed by incorporating a compressible homogeneous liquid–vapor two-phase flow and a homogeneous equilibrium mass transfer model. The simulation is well-validated for the cavitating and noncavitating flows over various objects in literature. The computation is then carried out for the rotating cylinder to analyze the combined effects of cavitation and self-rotation on the resultant load. The results state a high influence of the rotation speed ratio γ (a ratio of the cylinder's rotation velocity to the flow velocity) on the flow regime. For noncavitation, the Karman vortex street is observed for γ < 2.0 while a nearly steady-state results in a higher value. Under the Magnus effect, a larger lift is produced but also obviously increases the friction drag on the cylinder. Regarding the cavitation condition, the computation demonstrates an obvious reduction in the friction drag, leading to a decrease of the total drag of a rotating cylinder by about 52% compared to that without cavitation, while retaining reasonable lift. Almost constant load on the cylinder is found at low γ > 1.5 and cavitation number σ = p0−pv12ρU02≤ 1.0, which is significant for designing and extending the working durability of an underwater moving object.
SARA Characterization and Comparison for the Ultra-Heavy Oil via Combined Analyses
Authors: Yin Hong , Chen Yafei , You Xutao , Chen Ziqiang , He Donglin , Gong Haifeng
Published: July 2023

Structure characterization and comparison of the ultra-heavy oil and its four components are fundamental and crucial. In this work, nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were employed to quantitatively investigate carbon and hydrogen atom distributions. Combined with the gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction results, average molecular structure parameters were determined for four components. Besides, an improved Brown–Ladner method was adopted to identify and adjust corresponding structural parameters, which considered influences of both heteroatoms (O, S, and N), and katacondensed and/or pericondensed system assumption on aromatic structures, compared with conventional methods. Moreover, molecular architectures of four components were, respectively, speculated and reconstructed based on this improved method, and the specific comparison reflected a higher accuracy. From this study, it could provide updated understandings of specific component structural information for the ultra-heavy oil to facilitate subsequent oil reactivity and simulation studies.
Experimental Investigation of Preformed Particle Gel and Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer Composite System for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Pi Yanfu , Li Zhihao , Liu Li , Cao Ruibo , Liu Jinxin , Chen Hao , Fan Xinyu , Zhao Mingjia
Published: July 2023

Heterogeneity is a significant feature of the reservoirs after polymer flooding, resulting in challenges for further enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in heterogeneous reservoirs. In order to further improve oil recovery in the reservoirs after polymer flooding, a novel EOR system (ASP-PPG composite system) was developed using preformed particle gel (PPG) and alkali-surfactant-polymer system (ASP system). We designed an oil saturation monitoring device and a large-scale 3D heterogeneous physical model to evaluate the performance of the system. The performance of the system and the ASP system were tested. Based on the testing results, the fluid migration patterns and enhanced oil recovery mechanisms of the ASP-PPG system in an actual heterogeneous reservoir were investigated using the oil saturation monitoring device and the 3D physical model. Experimental results indicate that the ASP-PPG system has a higher viscosity and better profile control ability than the ASP system. Additionally, the interfacial tension can be maintained at a low level, around 10−3 mN/m. Flooding experiments using the three-dimensional heterogeneous physical model demonstrated the excellent elastic deformation ability of PPG, which can dynamically block the large pores that formed after the polymer flooding and effectively improve the heterogeneity of reservoirs. After injecting the ASP-PPG system, the recovery factor of the model increased by 15.8%. Specifically, the sweep coefficient of high, medium, and low permeability layers increased by 4.36%, 19.6%, and 37.55%, respectively. Moreover, the oil displacement efficiency increased by 7.4%, 14.4%, and 17.9%, respectively. These results highlight the synergistic effect of combining PPG and ASP systems, significantly enhancing heterogeneous reservoir recovery after polymer flooding.
On the Interaction of Damage Evolution and Thermal Buckling in Stepped Circular Bilaminates
Authors: Xu S. , Bottega W. J.
Published: July 2023

The behavior and evolution of stepped circular bi-laminates with edge damage are studied for structures subjected to uniform thermal load. The problem is formulated as a moving intermediate boundaries problem in the calculus of variations, where the boundary of an evolving region of damage emanating from the edge of the smaller substructure, as well as the boundary of a progressing/regressing region of sliding contact adjacent to the intact region of the composite structure are each allowed to vary along with the displacements. This yields the associated transversality conditions that define the locations of the propagating boundaries that correspond to equilibrium configurations of the evolving composite structure, as well as the equations of equilibrium and the associated interior and exterior boundary conditions. Various configurations of contact of the detached segments of the composite structure and the associated behavior are considered, and the influence and progression of contact on the overall evolution of the composite structure are assessed. Closed-form analytical solutions to the geometrically nonlinear problem are obtained, and expressions for the critical buckling load are developed. The explicit forms of the total energy release rate along the delamination front, as well as of the conditions for propagation of the contact zone boundary, are obtained from the analytical solutions and the corresponding transversality conditions. Results of numerical simulations based on the analytical solutions are presented and are seen to unveil a rich evolution process involving contact progression/recession and metamorphosis, buckling, and detachment progression during the prebuckling phase, during sling-shot buckling, and during the postbuckling phase, depending on the material properties of the sublaminates, the geometry of the sublaminates, the initial size of the damage, and the strength of the interfacial bond. Characteristic behavior of damage propagation is found to be quite robust and is seen to include stable propagation, stable followed by unstable progression, arrest, and catastrophic propagation.
Biomechanical Evaluation of an Adaptive-Motion Pedicle Screw Fixation System: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Zou Renling , Zhang Xuan , Li Yuchen , Wang Jiaqing , Hu Xiufang
Published: July 2023

Rigid fixation is mostly used in thoracolumbar spine surgery, which restricts the thoracolumbar spine segments moving and is not conducive to postoperative rehabilitation. We developed an adaptive-motion pedicle screw and established a finite element model of the T12-L3 segments of the thoracolumbar spine in osteoporosis patients based on the CT image data. A variety of internal fixation finite element models were established for mechanical simulation analysis and comparison. The simulation results showed that compared with the conventional internal fixation system, the mobility of the new adaptive-motion internal fixation system was improved by about 13.8% and 7.7% under the classic conditions such as lateral bending and flexion. in vitro experiments were conducted simultaneously with fresh porcine thoracolumbar spine vertebrae, and the axial rotation condition was taken as an example to analyze the mobility. The in vitro results showed that the mobility of the adaptive-motion internal fixation system had better mobility characteristics under axial rotation conditions, which was consistent with the finite element analysis. The adaptive-motion pedicle screws can preserve a certain degree of vertebral mobility, and avoid excessive vertebral restriction. It also increases the stress value of the intervertebral disk, which is closer to the normal mechanical transmission of the human body, avoiding stress masking and slowing down the degeneration of the intervertebral disk. The adaptive-motion pedicle screws can reduce the peak stress of the implant and avoid surgical failure due to implant fracture.