bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the importance of accurate pole and station coordinates for VLBI Intensive baselines
Authors: Kern Lisa , Schartner Matthias , Böhm Johannes , Böhm Sigrid , Nothnagel Axel , Soja Benedikt
Published: November 2023

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a geodetic technique capable of deriving the complete set of Earth orientation parameters, including the highly variable Earth’s phase of rotation. This observable can be expressed through UT1–UTC, the difference between the Universal Time and the Coordinated Universal Time. The so-called Intensive sessions, or Intensives, are typically 1-h sessions between two to three stations that are observed daily with the primary goal of determining UT1–UTC with a short latency. In this publication, we examine the impact of erroneous a priori information on the UT1–UTC estimation with VLBI Intensive sessions in a systematic way and on a global scale. Our findings are based on a simulation study which is carried out on a regular $$10 \times 10$$

10
×
10

degree grid of artificial telescopes. In the simulations, realistic errors are introduced in the station coordinates, polar motion and nutation to get a global picture of the impact of these errors on the estimation of UT1–UTC. Our results reveal that in contrast to errors in the horizontal components of the station coordinates, an error in the station height only slightly affects the UT1–UTC estimate. North–south-oriented baselines are in general strongly affected by errors in the a priori information. In all cases, very short and very long baselines as well as baselines with a midpoint close to the equatorial plane are less robust. On the other hand, east–west-oriented baselines, except equatorial baselines, seem to be rather resistant against errors of these a priori values.
Semiquantitative analysis of cerebral [18F]FDG-PET uptake in pediatric patients
Authors: Cruz-Cortes Álvaro , Avendaño-Estrada Arturo , Alcauter Sarael , Núñez-Enríquez Juan Carlos , Rivera-Bravo Belen , Olarte-Casas Miguel Ángel , Ávila-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2023

Background

Glycolytic metabolism in the brain of pediatric patients, imaged with [18F]  fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is incompletely characterized.

Objective

The purpose of the current study was to characterize [18F]FDG-PET brain uptake in a large sample of pediatric patients with non-central nervous system diseases as an alternative to healthy subjects to evaluate changes at different pediatric ages.

Materials and Methods

Seven hundred ninety-five [18F]FDG-PET examinations from children < 18 years of age without central nervous system diseases were included. Each brain image was spatially normalized, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) was obtained. The SUV and the SUV relative to different pseudo-references were explored as a function of age.

Results

At all evaluated ages, the occipital lobe showed the highest [18F]FDG uptake (0.27 ± 0.04 SUV/year), while the parietal lobe and brainstem had the lowest uptake (0.17 ± 0.02 SUV/year, for both regions). An increase [18F]FDG uptake was found for all brain regions until 12 years old, while no significant uptake differences were found between ages 13 (SUV = 5.39) to 17 years old (SUV = 5.52) (P < 0.0001 for the whole brain). A sex dependence was found in the SUVmean for the whole brain during adolescence (SUV 5.04–5.25 for males, 5.68–5.74 for females, P = 0.0264). Asymmetries in [18F]FDG uptake were found in the temporal and central regions during infancy.

Conclusions

Brain glycolytic metabolism of [18F]FDG, measured through the SUVmean, increased with age until early adolescence (< 13 years old), showing differences across brain regions. Age, sex, and brain region influence [18F]FDG uptake, with significant hemispheric asymmetries for temporal and central regions.

Graphical Abstract
A Multigenerational Turing Model Reproduces Transgressive Petal Spot Phenotypes in Hybrid Mimulus
Authors: Simmons Emily S. G. , Cooley Arielle M. , Puzey Joshua R. , ConradiSmith Gregory D.
Published: November 2023

The origin of phenotypic novelty is a perennial question of genetics and evolution. To date, few studies of biological pattern formation specifically address multi-generational aspects of inheritance and phenotypic novelty. For quantitative traits influenced by many segregating alleles, offspring phenotypes are often intermediate to parental values. In other cases, offspring phenotypes can be transgressive to parental values. For example, in the model organism Mimulus (monkeyflower), the offspring of parents with solid-colored petals exhibit novel spotted petal phenotypes. These patterns are controlled by an activator-inhibitor gene regulatory network with a small number of loci. Here we develop and analyze a model of hybridization and pattern formation that accounts for the inheritance of a diploid gene regulatory network composed of either homozygous or heterozygous alleles. We find that the resulting model of multi-generational Turing-type pattern formation can reproduce transgressive petal phenotypes similar to those observed in Mimulus. The model gives insight into how non-patterned parent phenotypes can yield phenotypically transgressive, patterned offspring, aiding in the development of empirically testable hypotheses.
Does daylight saving time lead to more myocardial infarctions?
Authors: Fansa Adel , Fietze Ingo , Penzel Thomas , Herberger Sebastian
Published: November 2023

Background

Daylight saving time (DST) is practiced in over 70 countries worldwide. Its assumed economic benefits have become subject of increasing controversy in the recent past, and, together with its likely negative impacts on health, have led to the decision to abolish DST in the EU and the USA. Transitions from and to DST disrupt the circadian rhythm and lead to measurable adverse effects. Among them, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is suspected to increase as a consequence of DST changes.

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between DST transitions and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction based on the available literature.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature search in the MEDLINE database was performed. Studies were included that observed the AMI incidence after transitioning from or to DST and had a control period beyond or around the post-transitional weeks. Of 26 identified studies, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Results were interpreted with an emphasis on methodological differences, reported incidence rates, and subgroup analyses.

Results

Seven of the identified studies reported the incidence rate ratio (IRR), observed-to-expected ratio, or odds ratio, while one study only reported IRR values for the individual days and statistical significance levels for the transition weeks. Six studies reported an increased incidence after the spring shift, four of which were statistically significant. Three studies reported an increase after the autumn shift, of which two were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Several studies show increased AMI incidence rates following both spring and autumn DST shifts, yet results remain in part contradictory. Future research to establish a better understanding of the health implications of DST transitions is warranted, and the quantification of incidence rates should control for confounding factors.
Investigation of the spatiotemporal patterns of air quality over the metropolitan area of Tehran, using TROPOMI and OMI data
Authors: Moradi Ayoub , Zeuss Dirk
Published: November 2023

Air quality has been one of the main concerns among Tehran residents for at least two decades. In this study, we investigated air quality in the metropolitan area of Tehran utilizing TROPOMI and OMI data based on the Google Earth Engine platform. Long-term analysis indicated slight negative trends in NO2, SO2, and HCHO over the last two decades, which are due to the development of urban transportation systems. Air quality parameters were classified based on spatiotemporal similarities. Urban pollutants include CO1, NO2, and HCHO, which were concentrated over the eastern part of Tehran and decreased radially towards the city border. Among the pollutants, CO1showed a dependency with altitude. SO2was controlled by both urban vehicles and nonurban industrial activities. SO2was thus classified as an urban-industrial pollutant. The exterior parameters almost entirely controlled by external factors include O3, aerosols, and clouds. The spatial variations of the pollutants highly differed from a fraction to several times. All pollutants exhibited seasonality associated with fuel consumption and air conditions. However, the seasonality in the exterior parameters was associated with regional air masses. The Iranian New Year holiday significantly impacts air pollution. NO2, CO1, and SO2experienced their annual minimum levels during this holiday period. COVID-19–related closures also led to negative trends in NO2, CO1, and SO2after March 2020. However, the exterior parameters were not affected by these events. The results agreed with in situ measurements. As the final objective, we aimed to support urban management to reduce atmospheric pollution in Tehran.
Meaningful Youth Work Careers: Assumptions, Misconceptions, and Realities
Authors: Sutcliffe John , Cooper Trudi
Published: November 2023

The existing literature pertaining to youth work as a career is sparse, limited, and outdated, with the literature that does exist representing a largely negative image of youth work as a career. What then of those who have had a long-term career in youth work? The authors use a recent phenomenological research study to question assumptions and identify misconceptions about youth work as a career, and to discuss the findings from this research to provide a more realistic and contemporary understanding of long-term youth work careers. The phenomenological study discussed in this paper interviewed ten degree-qualified youth workers in Western Australia who had experienced careers in youth work spanning over twenty years. The authors will discuss the disparity between the findings from this research with existing literature, including characteristics of continuous employment; sustainability through supportive connections; longevity through leadership opportunities; and a diverse fusion of opportunities, variety, and flexibility in roles undertaken. These characteristics were found to support career longevity in youth work, culminating in a provisional model of the youth work career. This article provides insight into youth work career longevity and invites further conversation and research to further explore if the research conducted is transferable to different contexts both nationally and internationally.
A Randomized Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of AR36 for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Schober Andrew , Chinn Gregory , Eichbaum Yasmine , Dudley Matthew , Sall Jeffrey W.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

AR36 is a pharmaceutical-grade plant extract used to support cardiovascular health in traditional Chinese medicine. Studies suggest that AR36 may prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS) during gradual ascent to high altitude. This randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial aimed to evaluate dosing regimens and assess efficacy and safety of AR36 for AMS prevention during rapid ascent.

Methods

Participants received placebo, low-dose AR36 (225 mg twice daily for 14 d prior and 5 d at altitude), or high-dose AR36 (12 d placebo, 300 mg twice daily for 2 d prior and 5 d at altitude). The primary efficacy outcome was 1993 Lake Louise Scoring System (LLSS) score on the morning after ascent. Safety was assessed through the proportion of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results

One hundred thirty-two participants were randomized. Mean±SD age was 31.4±8.6 (range, 19–54) y. Baseline characteristics did not differ across groups. Lake Louise Scoring System scores on Day 16 in the placebo, low-dose, and high-dose groups were 4.03 (2.88), 4.42 (3.17), and 3.5 (2.31), respectively (placebo versus low-dose, P=0.462; placebo versus high-dose, P=0.574; n=110). The incidence of AMS on Day 16 was 66.7% in the placebo, 61.1% in the low-dose, and 55.3% in the high-dose group ( P=0.66). The proportion of TEAEs in the placebo, low-dose, and high-dose groups was 38.4% (81), 28.4% (60), and 33.2% (70), respectively ( P=0.205; n=127). There was no statistical difference between groups in LLSS, incidence of AMS, or TEAEs.

Conclusions

AR36 did not improve LLSS or AMS incidence using the current regimens. AR36 was well tolerated.
Rethinking Soviet Selfhood in the Era of the Anthropocene: From the Foucauldian Paradigm to the Naturecultural Theory of the Subject
Authors: Annus Epp
Published: November 2023

Anthropogenic climate change necessitates rethinking the role of academic scholarship. This article addresses the question of Soviet subjecthoods from the perspective of one's affective connection to natural environments, while keeping in mind the multiscalarity of subjecthood. It traces a genealogy of environmentally-attuned selfhoods in the late Soviet-era sociocultural imagination and positions this model within the context of present-day understandings of subjecthood in Soviet studies. Soviet-era subjects did not make sense of their lives, aims and accomplishments solely in relation to the Soviet state, but also in relation to things closer at hand and in relation to ideas and conditions of a global and planetary scale. In Alberts Bels's and Jaan Kaplinski's writings, the environmentally conscious subject emerges as multiscalar: a subject who identifies both with its direct, affectively experienced environment, but who also realizes the boundedness of local, global, and planetary processes. The ethical attitude of reverence for life, promoted by Albert Schweitzer, together with the widely shared concern about both local-level environmental damage and the future of the planet provide the context for late Soviet multiscalar naturecultural subjecthood.
Life Course in the Making
Authors: Hupka-Brunner Sandra , Meyer Thomas
Published: November 2023

Abstract: TREE (Transitions from Education to Employment) is a prospective interdisciplinary multi-cohort panel survey following up on the (post-compulsory) education and employment trajectories of two large samples of Swiss compulsory school leavers. The first TREE cohort (TREE1) was launched in 2000, drawing on the sample tested on the occasion of Switzerland’s first-time participation in PISA ( Nt0 = 6,343, Nt10 in 2020 ≈ 3,900). Since then, the sample has been followed up by means of 10-panel waves, the most recent one conducted in 2019/20. Further panel waves are planned at 5 years intervals. To date, TREE1 respondents have reached an average age approaching 40 and have been surveyed for a period of over 20 years, spanning from early adolescence up to early middle age. Under a replication design allowing for cohort comparison, the second TREE cohort (TREE2) covers a comparable population of school leavers who left compulsory education in 2016. As its baseline survey, it draws on a national large-scale assessment of mathematics skills. Since then, the TREE2 sample ( Nt0 = 8,429, Nt6 in 2022 ≈ 4,500) has been re-surveyed six times at yearly intervals, up to the average age of 21. Further panel waves at 2–5 years intervals are planned. The present contribution includes a detailed description of TREE’s study and survey design as well as a synoptic summary of salient results from some of the several hundred publications that draw on the TREE data.
Diversity of thought: public perceptions of genetic testing across ethnic groups in the UK
Authors: Harris Benjamin H. L. , McCabe Caitlin , Shafique Hana , Lammy Simon , Tookman Laura , Flanagan James , Miron-Barroso Sofia , Lythgoe Mark , Clark James , Walsh Jason L. , Di Giovannantonio Matteo , Krell Jonathan
Published: November 2023

Genetic testing is becoming rapidly more accessible to the general populous either through or outside healthcare systems. Few large-scale studies have been carried out to gauge public opinion in this growing area. Here, we undertook the largest cross-sectional study on genetic testing in the UK. The primary purpose of this study is to identify the differences in attitudes toward genetic testing across ethnic groups. A cohort of 6500 individuals from a diverse population completed a 72-item survey in a cross-sectional study. Responses between ethnic minority and white individuals in the UK were compared using a wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-square tests. The white cohort was approximately twice as likely to have taken a genetic test and 13% more had heard about genetic testing before the survey. The ethnic minority cohort appeared more apprehensive about the impact of genetic testing on employability. This study highlights that in the UK, significant differences in opinions regarding genetic testing exist between white individuals and ethnic minority individuals. There is an urgent need to develop more inclusive strategies to equally inform individuals from all backgrounds to avoid disparities in the utilisation of genetic testing.
SARS-CoV-2 infection engenders heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein interactions to impede translation elongation in the lungs
Authors: Kim Junsoo , Youn Daehwa , Choi Seunghoon , Lee Youn Woo , Sumberzul Dulguun , Yoon Jeongeun , Lee Hanju , Bae Jong Woo , Noh Hyuna , On Dain , Hong Seung-Min , An Se-Hee , Jang Hui Jeong , Kim Seo Yeon , Kim Young Been , Hwang Ji-Yeon , Lee Hyo-Jung , Bin Kim Hong , Park Jun Won , Yun Jun-Won , Shin Jeon-Soo , Seo Jun-Young , Nam Ki Taek , Choi Kang-Seuk , Lee Ho-Young , Chang Hyeshik , Seong Je Kyung , Cho Jun
Published: November 2023

Translational regulation in tissue environments during in vivo viral pathogenesis has rarely been studied due to the lack of translatomes from virus-infected tissues, although a series of translatome studies using in vitro cultured cells with viral infection have been reported. In this study, we exploited tissue-optimized ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and severe-COVID-19 model mice to establish the first temporal translation profiles of virus and host genes in the lungs during SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Our datasets revealed not only previously unknown targets of translation regulation in infected tissues but also hitherto unreported molecular signatures that contribute to tissue pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, we observed gradual increases in pseudoribosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) interactions that partially overlapped the trails of ribosomes, being likely involved in impeding translation elongation. Contemporaneously developed ribosome heterogeneity with predominantly dysregulated 5 S rRNP association supported the malfunction of elongating ribosomes. Analyses of canonical Ribo-seq reads (ribosome footprints) highlighted two obstructive characteristics to host gene expression: ribosome stalling on codons within transmembrane domain-coding regions and compromised translation of immunity- and metabolism-related genes with upregulated transcription. Our findings collectively demonstrate that the abrogation of translation integrity may be one of the most critical factors contributing to pathogenesis after SARS-CoV-2 infection of tissues.
British South Asian ancestry participants views of pharmacogenomics clinical implementation and research: a thematic analysis
Authors: Magavern Emma F. , Durrani Faiza , Raza Mehru , Lerner Robin , Islam Mohammed Riadul ,   Genes & Health Research Team, Clinch Megan , Caulfield Mark J.
Published: November 2023

Background

South Asian ancestry populations are underrepresented in genomic studies and therapeutics trials. British South Asians suffer from multi-morbidity leading to polypharmacy. Our objective was to elucidate British South Asian ancestry community perspectives on pharmacogenomic implementation and sharing pharmacogenomic clinical data for research.

Methods

Four focus groups were conducted (9–12 participants in each). Two groups were mixed gender, while one group was male only and one was female only. Simultaneous interpretation was available to participants in Urdu and Bengali. Focus groups were recorded and abridged transcription and thematic analysis were undertaken.

Results

There were 42 participants, 64% female. 26% were born in the UK or Europe. 52% were born in Bangladesh and 17% in Pakistan. 36% reported university level education.

Implementation of pharmacogenomics was perceived to be beneficial to individuals but pose a risk of overburdening resource limited systems. Pharmacogenomic research was perceived to be beneficial to the community, with concerns about data privacy and misuse. Data sharing was desirable if the researchers did not have a financial stake, and benefits would be shared.

Trust was the key condition for the acceptability of both clinical implementation and research. Trust was linked with medication compliance. Education, outreach, and communication facilitate trust.

Conclusions (Significance and Impact of the Study)

Pharmacogenomics implementation with appropriate education and communication has the potential to enhance trust and contribute to increased medication compliance. Trust drives data sharing, which would enable enhanced representation in research. Representation in scientific evidence base could cyclically enhance trust and compliance.
Composition of gut microbiota involved in alleviation of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by whey protein
Authors: Qiu JinLing , Cheng Yixing , Deng Yang , Ren Guangxu , Wang Jiaqi
Published: November 2023

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While the concept of the gut-muscle axis has been proposed, the role of gut microbiota in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains largely unknown, limiting its clinical applications. In this study, we found that administration of DEX caused a shift in the gut microbiota of mice, characterized by an increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and a reduction in alpha diversity. We also identified 480 new operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while 1168 specific OTUs were lost. Our Spearman correlation analysis revealed 28 key taxonomic genera of bacteria that were positively or negatively associated with skeletal muscle strength and weight (r: −0.881 to 0.845, p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with whey protein reshaped the gut microbiota structure in DEX-treated mice, making it more similar to that of the control group. Importantly, we further utilized a stepwise regression model to identify two enterotypes capable of predicting skeletal muscle function and weight. Notably, Ileibacterium and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 played significant roles in predicting both skeletal muscle function and weight. Our findings suggest that DEX causes shifts in the gut microbiota, which can be reversed by whey protein intervention. The enterotypes identified by our stepwise regression models predict muscle function and weight, underscoring the potential role of gut microbiota in modulating muscle atrophy and emphasizing the therapeutic opportunities of microbiota-altering interventions.
Epithelial wound healing in Clytia hemisphaerica provides insights into extracellular ATP signaling mechanisms and P2XR evolution
Authors: Lee Elizabeth E. L. , O’Malley-Krohn Isabel , Edsinger Eric , Wu Stephanie , Malamy Jocelyn
Published: November 2023

Epithelial wound healing involves the collective responses of many cells, including those at the wound margin (marginal cells) and those that lack direct contact with the wound (submarginal cells). How these responses are induced and coordinated to produce rapid, efficient wound healing remains poorly understood. Extracellular ATP (eATP) is implicated as a signal in epithelial wound healing in vertebrates. However, the role of eATP in wound healing in vivo and the cellular responses to eATP are unclear. Almost nothing is known about eATP signaling in non-bilaterian metazoans (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Placozoa, and Porifera). Here, we show that eATP promotes closure of epithelial wounds in vivo in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica (Clytia) indicating that eATP signaling is an evolutionarily ancient strategy in wound healing. Furthermore, eATP increases F-actin accumulation at the edges of submarginal cells. In Clytia, this indicates eATP is involved in coordinating cellular responses during wound healing, acting in part by promoting actin remodeling in cells at a distance from the wound. We also present evidence that eATP activates a cation channel in Clytia epithelial cells. This implies that the eATP signal is transduced through a P2X receptor (P2XR). Phylogenetic analyses identified four Clytia P2XR homologs and revealed two deeply divergent major branches in P2XR evolution, necessitating revision of current models. Interestingly, simple organisms such as cellular slime mold appear exclusively on one branch, bilaterians are found exclusively on the other, and many non-bilaterian metazoans, including Clytia, have P2XR sequences from both branches. Together, these results re-draw the P2XR evolutionary tree, provide new insights into the origin of eATP signaling in wound healing, and demonstrate that the cytoskeleton of submarginal cells is a target of eATP signaling.
Quantification and characterization of biological activities of glansreginin A in black walnuts (Juglans nigra)
Authors: Ho Khanh-Van , Hsieh Hsien-Yeh , Roy Anuradha , Foote Sarah , McDonald Peter , Coggeshall Mark V. , Ito Hideyuki , Lei Zhentian , Sumner Lloyd W. , Stewart George C. , Lin Chung-Ho
Published: November 2023

Glansreginin A has been reported to be an indicator of the quality of walnuts (Juglans spp.). However, bioactive properties of glansreginin A have not been adequately explored. In the present study, we quantified concentrations of glansreginin A in black walnuts (Juglans nigra) using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) and performed an array of in vitro bioassays to characterize biological activities (e.g., antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer capacities) of this compound. Results from HPLC–MS/MS analysis indicated that glansreginin A was presented in all 12 black cultivars examined and its contents were variable among black walnut cultivars, ranged from 6.8 mg/kg (Jackson) to 47.0 mg/kg (Hay). Glansreginin A possessed moderate antibacterial activities against Gram-positive pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis). This compound exhibited no antioxidant activities, did not induce the activity of antioxidant response element signaling pathways, and exerted no antiproliferative effects on tumorigenic alveolar epithelial cells and non-tumorigenic lung fibroblast cells.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify major extracellular matrix components in fibro-calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Feistner Lukas , Penk Anja , Böttner Julia , Büttner Petra , Thiele Holger , Huster Daniel , Schlotter Florian
Published: November 2023

Fibro-calcific aortic valve disease (FCAVD) is a pathological condition marked by overt fibrous and calcific extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation that leads to valvular dysfunction and left ventricular outflow obstruction. Costly valve implantation is the only approved therapy. Multiple pharmacological interventions are under clinical investigation, however, none has proven clinically beneficial. This failure of translational approaches indicates incomplete understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms and may result from a limited toolbox of scientific methods to assess the cornerstones of FCAVD: lipid deposition, fibrous and calcific ECM accumulation. In this study, we evaluated magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to both, qualitatively and quantitatively assess these key elements of FCAVD pathogenesis. NMR spectra showed collagen, elastin, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids in human control and FCAVD tissue samples (n = 5). Calcification, measured by the hydroxyapatite content, was detectable in FCAVD tissues and in valve interstitial cells under procalcifying media conditions. Hydroxyapatite was significantly higher in FCAVD tissues than in controls (p < 0.05) as measured by 31P MAS NMR. The relative collagen content was lower in FCAVD tissues vs. controls (p < 0.05). Overall, we demonstrate the versatility of NMR spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool in preclinical FCAVD assessment.
Processable crosslinked terpolymers made from elemental sulfur with wide range of thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Yan Peiyao , Wang Haoran , Dodd Liam James , Hasell Tom
Published: November 2023

Inverse vulcanization has emerged as a popular strategy for transforming the waste material, elemental sulfur, into functional polymers with high sulfur content (>50 wt.%, normally). Inverse vulcanized polymers are intrinsically processable and recyclable, and have been demonstrated as promising for applications in many fields. However, the mechanical properties of inverse vulcanized polymers are currently underdeveloped. If this kind of material is to be widely used in some scenarios to replace some traditional plastics, it is necessary to make them with appropriate thermal and mechanical properties that meet basic application requirements. Here, we report a series of terpolymers copolymerized from two distinct organic comonomers and elemental sulfur to obtain polymers with a wide range of glass transition temperatures (−43 °C to 45 °C) that exhibit good mechanical properties, by blending crosslinkers with varying feed monomer ratio and chain length of linear sections, which expands the application opportunities of inverse vulcanization.
Interactions between cold cyclonic eddies and a western boundary current modulate marine heatwaves
Authors: Li Junde , Roughan Moninya , Hemming Michael
Published: November 2023

Marine heatwaves are known to cause severe ecosystem damage and therefore have received attention in recent years. However, the focus has tended to be on global (surface) studies, but not coastal waters. Cyclonic eddies are important and underappreciated components in the eddy-dominated western boundary current system, but their impacts on the path of the western boundary currents have largely been unexplored. Here we show that cold cyclonic eddies can modulate the most intense coastal marine heatwaves on record inshore of the East Australian Current. We show that the marine heatwave was driven and modulated by the lateral movement of the western boundary current jet and cyclonic eddies. This study reveals that the interplay of cyclonic eddies and a western boundary current can drive coastal ocean warming, paving the way for future investigations into eddy interactions and the evolution of coastal marine heatwaves in other western boundary current regions.
ανβ3 integrin-targeted ICG-derived probes for imaging-guided surgery and photothermal therapy of oral cancer
Authors: Men Changhe , Zhang Yuqi , Shi Peiyang , Tang Zichun , Cheng Xiaju
Published: November 2023

ανβ3 integrin-targeted ICG-derived probes consisting of a cypate fluorophore and two or one cyclic-(arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) peptides was developed for NIR fluorescence imaging-guided surgery and photothermal therapy of oral cancers.
Interface-mediated protein aggregation
Authors: Tao Fei , Han Qian , Yang Peng
Published: November 2023

Interfaces play a pivotal role in governing the assembly and aggregation of biopolymers, providing valuable insights into functions of biopolymer materials. A range of exquisite structures are formed through well-planned interactions between biological components and surfaces or interfaces.
A linear CH+–NO3− base pair motif promoted by AgNO3 mediated proton transfer between guanosine and cytidine
Authors: Wu Qiong , Chai Yingying , Huang Ridong , Chen Hai , He Yang
Published: November 2023

Harmonious quaternary interactions consisting of G*–Ag and CH+–NO3− base pairs are disclosed in a mixed hydrogel system.
Electron correlation and relativistic effects on the electronic properties of a plutonium and americium mixed oxide (PuAmO4): from single-particle approximation to dynamical mean-field theory
Authors: Li Ru-song , Wang Jin-tao , Liu Zhi-yong , Zhou Xiao-hua , Cao Ze-lin , Xie Zheng
Published: November 2023

The DFT+DMFT calculation shows that both Pu and Am 5f electrons exhibit coexistence of localized and itinerant regimes. Admixture of 5fn configurations, c–f hybridization, and dual 5f electrons yield mixed-valence states and many-body quasi-particle multiplets.
Towards multimodal cellular imaging: optical and X-ray fluorescence
Authors: Graziotto Marcus E. , Kidman Clinton J. , Adair Liam D. , James Simon A. , Harris Hugh H. , New Elizabeth J.
Published: November 2023

This review provides an overview of recent studies where optical and X-ray fluorescence imaging have been performed in combination in multimodal studies of cellular systems.
Nearly three-dimensional Dirac fermions in an organic crystalline material unveiled by electron spin resonance
Authors: Oka Ryuhei , Ohara Keishi , Tajima Naoya , Shimada Toshihiro , Naito Toshio
Published: November 2023

Original analysis methods of the electron spin resonance revealed that nearly three-dimensional Dirac fermions coexistent with standard fermions in an organic charge-transfer complex with each temperature-dependence and rotation symmetry.
The preparation of AuNPs/B-dNACNs and their application in P-aminophenol electrochemical sensing
Authors: Hou Wenli , Kang Xianyu , Lin Jiajie , Xie Mengying , Li Yancai
Published: November 2023

Low-cost gold nanoparticles/bagasse-derived nitrogen-doped activated carbon nanocomposites synthesized by a simple activation method, the AuNPs/B-dNACNs/GCE showed well electrocatalytic activity toward the redox of P-aminophenol (4-AP).
Methodological refinement of the submillimeter galaxy magnification bias
Authors: Bonavera L. , Cueli M. M. , González-Nuevo J. , Casas J. M. , Crespo D.
Published: November 2023

Context. This work focuses on the submillimeter galaxy magnification bias, specifically in the tomographic scenario. It builds upon previous works, while utilising updated data to refine the methodology employed in constraining the free parameters of the halo occupation distribution model and cosmological parameters within a flat ΛCDM model.

Aims. This work aims to optimise CPU time and explore strategies for analysing different redshift bins, while maintaining measurement precision. Additionally, it seeks to examine the impact of excluding the GAMA15 field, one of the H-ATLAS fields that was found to have an anomalous strong cross-correlation signal, and increasing the number of redshift bins on the results.

Methods. The study uses a tomographic approach, dividing the redshift range into a different number of bins and analysing cross-correlation measurements between H-ATLAS submillimeter galaxies with photometric redshifts in the range 1.2 < z < 4.0 and foreground GAMA galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.01 < z < 0.9. Interpreting the weak lensing signal within the halo model formalism and carrying out a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we obtain the posterior distribution of both halo occupation distribution and cosmological parameters within a flat ΛCDM model. Comparative analyses are conducted between different scenarios, including different combinations of redshift bins and the inclusion or exclusion of the GAMA15 field.

Results. The mean-redshift approximation employed in the “base case” yields results that are in good agreement with the more computationally intensive “full model” case. Marginalised posterior distributions confirm a systematic increase in the minimum mass of the lenses with increasing redshift. The inferred cosmological parameters show narrower posterior distributions compared to previous studies on the same topic, indicating reduced measurement uncertainties. Excluding the GAMA15 field demonstrates a reduction in the cross-correlation signal, particularly in two of the redshift bins, suggesting a sample variance within the large-scale structure along the line of sight. Moreover, extending the redshift range improves the robustness against the sample variance issue and produces similar, but tighter constraints compared to excluding the GAMA15 field.

Conclusions. The study emphasises the importance of considering sample variance and redshift binning in tomographic analyses. Increasing the number of independent fields and the number of redshift bins can minimise both the spatial and redshift sample variance, resulting in more robust measurements. The adoption of additional wide area field observed by Herschel and of updated foreground catalogues, such as the Dark Energy Survey or the future Euclid mission, is important for implementing these approaches effectively.
Advantages of combining Lunar Laser Ranging and Differential Lunar Laser Ranging
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Müller Jürgen , Biskupek Liliane
Published: November 2023

Context. Differential Lunar Laser Ranging (DLLR), which is planned to be conducted at Table Mountain Observatory (TMO) of Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in the future, is a novel technique for tracking to the Moon. This technique has the potential to determine the orientation, rotation, and interior of the Moon much more accurately if the expected high accuracy of about 30 μm can be achieved.

Aims. We focus on the benefit for the related parameters when only DLLR data with a short time span are available in the beginning.

Methods. A short DLLR time series is not enough to provide an accurate lunar orbit, which has a negative effect on parameter estimation. Fortunately, Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) has been collecting data for a very long time span, which can be used to compensate this DLLR disadvantage. The combination of LLR data (over more than 50 yr) and simulated DLLR data over a relatively short time span (e.g., 5 or 10 yr) is used in different cases which include changing reflector baselines and extending data time span, along with adding more stations and “new” reflectors.

Results. The results show that the estimated accuracies of the parameters related to the lunar orientation, rotation, and interior can be improved by about 5–100 times by simply adding 5-yr DLLR data in the combination. With LLR, further enhancing the parameter determination can be achieved by choosing appropriate reflector baselines. By investigating different scenarios of reflector baselines based on the present five reflectors on the Moon, we find that two crossing baselines with larger lengths offer the greatest advantage. A longer data time span is more helpful, rather than having more stations involved in the measurement within a shorter time span, assuming the amount of data in these two cases is the same. Furthermore, we evaluated the preferred position of an assumed new reflector.
Agrotourism Development Strategy During and Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Findings from Caping Merapi, Indonesia and Tobwakira Farm, Kiribati
Authors: Rozaki Zuhud , Barnabas Tearine , Triyono  , Kamarudin Mohd Fauzi , Ariffin Ahmad Shabudin , Ramli Mona Fairuz
Published: November 2023

This research investigates the COVID-19 pandemic impact of Agrotourism between Caping Merapi in Indonesia and Tobwakira Farm in Kiribati. Location determination was carried out purposively at Caping Merapi Agrotourism in Indonesia and Tobwakira Farm Agrotourism in Kiribati. Respondents used in this study were 3 internal parties for both locations, 6 visitors of Caping Merapi and 2 visitors of Tobwakira Farm. The analytical method used is SWOT analysis and IE matrix. This study indicates that Caping Merapi agrotourism faced challenges due to a decrease in the number of visitors and employees, a negative margin of profit, and the low salaries of employees during COVID-19. While Tobwakira Farm faced challenges such as decreased workers and visitors, low salaries for its employees, but income has been achieved due to insufficient importation. Moreover, Caping Merapi's internal total score is 2.96 and its external total score is 2.45, while Tobwakira Farm's internal total score is 2.83 and its external total score is 2.53, indicating the two agrotourism are in cell V, which means growing and maintaining. The SWOT Matrix strategy development strategy for Caping Merapi and Tobwakira Farm includes the following objectives: maintaining and strengthening the characteristics of agrotourism by enhancing the facilities and services, improving human resources in developing consumable products from consumable plants, maximizing promotion in various social media platforms and improve human resources skills in information technology, and conducting online training. In the IE matrix, the development strategy consists of market penetration, product development, and market development.
Economic Improvement, Environmental Sustainability, and Community Empowerment in Indonesia: Bibliometric Analysis (Smart City and Smart Tourism) Year 2013-2022
Authors: Saputra Rivaldi Alan
Published: November 2023

This study aims to provide visualization of smart city and smart tourism trends using a database taken from Scopus from 2013 to 2022 using an approach with bibliometric and scientometric techniques. The data collection process goes through several steps, namely searching for literature through the Scopus database by entering keywords in the form of “smart city” and “smart tourism,” which are limited from 2013-2023 so that 189 articles of data are produced. Then, the data was analyzed using Scopus analysis and the CiteSpace application. This study, it was findings that namely 1) The number of publications on smart cities and smart tourism has shown an overall increase in the eight years from the last 2013-2021 period and decreased to 31 articles in 2022; 2) China is the country that studies “smart city” and “smart tourism” the most; and, 3) Through this research, the trend of smart city and smart tourism has been widely studied and obtained the top three subtopics including information and technology, augmented reality, and sustainability. The conclusion of this study shows that smart cities and smart tourism are topics of interest from 2013 to 2022. In addition, this study resulted in fourteen (14) clusters that have been analyzed using CiteSpace and show that China is the country that researches smart cities and smart tourism the most. This finding proves that smart cities and smart tourism do not only focus on technology development but involve social aspects such as economic, environmental, and social.
Strengthening Public Organization Capacity of Fisherman Empowerment Programs in South Sulawesi Province: A Smart Society as Outcome
Authors: Susanti Gita , Amri Andi , Suwarni  , Hamrullah  , Syahribulan  , Suparman  , Iva Muhammad Irvan Nur
Published: November 2023

This research aims to analyze the ability and capacity of local government organizations in implementing fisherman empowerment programs. A qualitative approach is employed in this research to explain the capacity of local government organizations according to the context and factuality. Data are collected through observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions and Documentation. Interactive data analysis methods are used to analyze the data obtained. The results of the research show that professional development is not carried out continuously and there is a lack of capacity building and training programs provided to employees, particularly relating to strengthening organizational capacity in fostering fisherman groups. As for resources and supports, there are limited human resources and budget allocations dedicated for the fisherman empowerment programs. And in organizational environment, the incentives are low, coupled with relatively rigid standard operating procedures and bureaucratic structures. The results of this research reveal that the capacity of public organizations needs to be supported by quality organizational leadership, especially facilitative and collaborative leadership. This factor becomes crucial given the role of organizational leaders as policy makers who determine the direction of policy, planning and implementation.
To What Extend the Social Assistance Smart Application Can Be Monitored Sustain Environmentally and Inclusive? Case Study: Elderly and Vulnerable People
Authors: Winarsih Atik Septi , Ratminto  , Valmoria Junsel James Y.
Published: November 2023

This research aims to explore the diverse facets of monitoring the Social Assistance Application in order to evaluate the long-term viability and comprehensiveness of the program. In this study, we will examine the various technological tools and innovations that can be utilized to establish a streamlined and ecologically sustainable application process. Qualitative methodologies are used in social science research to examine the impact of welfare programs, obstacles faced, service efficacy, and policy enhancement, particularly in the context of social assistance. The result found that the Social Assistance Application under the Program Keluarga Harapan should focus on sustainability and inclusivity. This can be achieved by reducing energy and computational resources, monitoring for data leaks, and ensuring data security. The system should be flexible and adaptable, with a mechanism for addressing grievances. Environmental sustainability can be achieved through digital solutions, eco-friendly data centres, carbon offset programs, and eco-friendly outreach. Inclusivity can be achieved through accessibility to technology, language and literacy support, community engagement, and feedback mechanisms. Regular monitoring and evaluation, training, and community empowerment are essential for implementing these practices.
Political Preferences and Role of Social Media Ahead of the 2024 General Elections in Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Harris Satriawan Bismar , Retei Alfri Sandi Jhon
Published: November 2023

This research explains how the political preferences and the role of social media ahead of the 2024 general election in Central Kalimantan Province. The type of research used is a quantitative approach using survey methods. The results show that PDIP is still quite strong in Central Kalimantan Province. Popularity, likeability, and electability of figures/candidates show that Sandiaga, Ganjar, Prabowo, Anies, and Ridwan Kamil, it is still the alternative of voters with consistently receive support from respondents, that figurativeness is the top reason for voters in choosing a candidate. However, the level of popularity and likeability have not shown a positive correlation with the electability of figures in presidential candidates. In issues/programs, the economic welfare is a priority most needed, where the ideas/programs are the biggest factor in influencing changes in the choice. On the other side, the role of social media is quite large in influencing and shaping the political preferences of voters. The findings can be taken into consideration to read the prospects for voter electoral support and in determining political strategies, candidate figures, coalition designs, and issues/programs which are at the same time becoming the main agenda of the struggle, to influence the final decision of voters.