bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF WOMEN UTILIZING FOCUSED ANTENATAL CARE AND MATERNAL COMPLICATIONS IN PUBLIC COUNTY HOSPITALS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mukhwana R.M , Margaret N.K , Meshack O
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Focused Antenatal Care is antenatal care that provides individualized counseling, targeted  assessment and provides safe, cost effective, and evidence-based intervention.  

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the knowledge and attitude of women utilizing Focused Antenatal  Care associated with maternal complications in selected public county hospitals in Nairobi City County,  Kenya.  

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study design. A sample of 397 postnatal women interviewed for  the study. Kenyatta University Ethics and Review Committee (KUERC) approved the study and the National  Commission issued the permit for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI). Permission to collect  data obtained from the participating hospitals. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package  for Social Sciences (Version 22.0) Inferential statistics were done using Chi Square tests to determine the  association between study variables at 95% confidence interval (p<0.05).  

Results: The study results revealed that 30% of respondents reported to have encountered a maternal  complication during their current delivery outcome. The study results further revealed that 54.7% of  respondents had high knowledge levels with 63.7% having positive attitude towards FANC utilization.  Knowledge level was significantly associated (p=0.017) with maternal complications among respondents. 

Conclusion: The study concludes that the respondents from Nairobi City County had relatively low  maternal complications. The respondents further had high knowledge levels and positive attitude towards  FANC utilization. 

Recommendation: Scaling up male sensitization and awareness programs towards improved transfer of  correct knowledge on FANC thus signify importance of seeking such services while pregnant.
Taking War to Court
Authors: Kozlov Noam
Published: February 2024

A surprise attack launched by Hamas on October 7 ignited yet another period of violence in Israel and Gaza. In response, Israel launched an unprecedented invasion of the Gaza Strip, which resulted in the deaths of over 25,000 Gazans, most of them civilians. While the war does not seem to come close to an end, Israel has meanwhile encountered a different kind of problem; following the October 7 attack, Israel captured hundreds of Hamas fighters. Immediately following the start of the war, voices in Israel urged the government to launch criminal prosecutions of these attackers, with some arguing that Israel should impose the death penalty on the perpetrators.
Metallic Ratios and Angles of a Real Argument
Authors: Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: February 2024

We extend the concept of metallic ratios to the real argument n considered as a dimension by analytic continuation showing that they are defined by an argument of a normalized complex number, and for rational n ≠ {0, ±2}, they are defined by Pythagorean triples. We further extend the concept of metallic ratios to metallic angles.
Association Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Hospital Readmission Rates and Outcomes in Cancer Survivors: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Lai Jyun-Heng , Han Sola , Park Chanhyun , Avanceña Anton L.V.
Published: February 2024

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder and is characterized by heavy alcohol use and the inability to control drinking. This study sought to compare the rate, timing, length, and total costs of hospital readmissions among cancer survivors with and without AUD. Methods: We used the Nationwide Readmissions Database in 2017 and 2018 in this cohort study. Cancer survivors with an AUD diagnosis during their index hospitalization were included in the exposure group. Propensity score matching was used to identify cancer survivors without AUD for the control group. The primary outcome was all-cause readmission, and secondary outcomes included days to, length of, and total cost of readmission. Outcomes were measured after 90 and 180 days of follow-up. Logistic regression was used to measure the likelihood of readmission, and negative binomial regression and gamma regression were used for the other outcomes. Results: Of 485,962 cancer survivors, 13,953 (2.9%) had co-occurring AUD. Cancer survivors with AUD had slightly higher odds of 90-day (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06–1.22) and 180-day (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05–1.18) readmission compared with those without AUD. Cancer survivors with AUD who were readmitted after 90 days also had higher readmission costs ($3,785 vs $3,376; P=.03). No differences in time to and length of readmission were observed between groups. The odds of readmission were higher among cancer survivors with AUD irrespective of age and type of cancer. Male, but not female, cancer survivors with AUD were more likely than those without AUD to be readmitted in both follow-up periods. Conclusions: This population-based cohort study of cancer survivors in the United States found that AUD is associated with higher 90- and 180-day readmission rates and higher related health care costs after 90 days of follow-up. Hospitalized cancer survivors with AUD may benefit from addiction treatment and discharge planning that addresses their co-occurring AUD.
Value of Size and Malignant Features of Lateral Lymph Nodes in Risk Stratification at Lateral Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer: A National Cohort Study
Authors: van Geffen Eline G.M. , Sluckin Tania C. , Hazen Sanne-Marije J.A. , Horsthuis Karin , Beets-Tan Regina G.H. , van Dieren Susan , Marijnen Corrie A.M. , Tanis Pieter J. , Kusters Miranda
Published: February 2024

Background: Patients with rectal cancer who have enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) have an increased risk of lateral local recurrence (LLR). However, little is known about prognostic implications of malignant features (internal heterogeneity, irregular margins, loss of fatty hilum, and round shape) on MRI and number of enlarged LLNs, in addition to LLN size. Methods: Of the 3,057 patients with rectal cancer included in this national, retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study, 284 with a cT3–4 tumor located ≤8 cm from the anorectal junction who received neoadjuvant treatment and who had visible LLNs on MRI were selected. Imaging was reassessed by trained radiologists. LLNs were categorized based on size. Influence of malignant features and the number of LLNs on LLR was investigated. Results: Of 284 patients with at least 1 visible LLN, 122 (43%) had an enlarged node (≥7.0 mm) and 157 (55%) had malignant features. Of the 122 patients with enlarged nodes, 25 had multiple (≥2). In patients with a single enlarged node (n=97), a single malignant feature was associated with a 4-year LLR rate of 0% and multiple malignant features was associated with a rate of 17% (P=.060). In the group with multiple malignant features, their disappearance on restaging was associated with an LLR rate of 13% compared with an LLR rate of 20% for persistent malignant features (P=.532). The presence of intermediate-size LLNs (5.0–6.9 mm) with at least 1 malignant feature was associated with a 4-year LLR rate of 8%; the 4-year LLR rate was 13% when the malignant features persisted on restaging MRI (P=.409). Patients with multiple enlarged LLNs had a 4-year LLR rate of 28% compared with 11% for those with a single enlarged LLN (P=.059). Conclusions: The presence of multiple enlarged LLNs (≥7.0 mm), as well as multiple malignant features in an enlarged node contribute to the risk of developing an LLR. These radiologic features can be used for clinical decision-making regarding the potential benefit of LLN dissection.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Shah Neil P. , Bhatia Ravi , Altman Jessica K. , Amaya Maria , Begna Kebede H. , Berman Ellin , Chan Onyee , Clements Joan , Collins Robert H. , Curtin Peter T. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Drazer Michael , Maness Lori , Metheny Leland , Mohan Sanjay , Moore Joseph O. , Oehler Vivian , Pratz Keith , Pusic Iskra , Rose Michal G. , Shomali William , Smith B. Douglas , Styler Michael , Talpaz Moshe , Tanaka Tiffany N. , Tantravahi Srinivas , Thompson James , Tsai Steven , Vaughn Jennifer , Welborn Jeanna , Yang David T. , Sundar Hema , Gregory Kristina
Published: February 2024

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is defined by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 [t9;22] that gives rise to a BCR::ABL1 fusion gene. CML occurs in 3 different phases (chronic, accelerated, and blast phase) and is usually diagnosed in the chronic phase in developed countries. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is a highly effective treatment option for patients with chronic phase–CML. The primary goal of TKI therapy in patients with chronic phase–CML is to prevent disease progression to accelerated phase–CML or blast phase–CML. Discontinuation of TKI therapy with careful monitoring is feasible in selected patients. This manuscript discusses the recommendations outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic phase–CML.
Diseño de un parque temático para fomentar la educación vial en los habitantes de la ciudad de Santo Domingo, año 2023.
Authors: Cisneros Mena Jessenia Alejandra , Quezada Coraisaca Damaris Katherin , Carrillo Gualancañay Dennys Paul
Published: February 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un diseño de un parque temático y practico de seguridad vial, transporte, tránsito e infraestructura vial. Esta infraestructura estará ubicada en la instalación del Instituto Tecnológico Superior Tsachila, con el objetivo de que los ciudadanos puedan capacitarse sobre seguridad vial y los estudiantes de las carreras de PGTT y PGT puedan realizar sus clases prácticas. Para esta investigación se usó la investigación de campo, bibliográfica, el enfoque cuantitativo, cualitativo y se definió dos poblaciones. Como resultados se determinó que en la ciudad de Santo Domingo se han registrado 709 siniestros de tránsito durante el año 2023, y que su causa principal fue el no respetaron las Leyes y señales de tránsito. De acuerdo a la opinión de los habitantes mencionaron que en su mayoría no han recibido capacitaciones de educación vial en un parque temático. Los estudiantes comentaron que cada vez que ellos salen a las calles a levantar información están expuestos a sufrir un siniestro de tránsito por lo que comentaron que sería una buena opción contar con un parque temático y práctico en donde puedan realizar sus clases prácticas. Como resultados se determinó el área donde se implementará la intersección de tipo a nivel de tres ramales tipo cruz. Como propuesta se diseñó el plano en AutoCAD de la intersección con todos sus elementos de la infraestructura vial siendo esta señalización vial, semaforización y parada de bus en la cual se detalla la cantidad y ubicación de cada una que serán implantadas en el parque temático.
Estudio de eficiencia, rendimiento del metal de soldadura y coeficiente de depósito del electrodo revestido E6010 marca LINCOL
Authors: Alcívar Vélez Cristhian Rafael , Varela Pinargote Wilson Jair , Armijos Santiago
Published: February 2024

El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo la eficiencia, rendimiento del metal de soldadura y coeficiente de depósito del electrodo revestido E6010 de la marca Lincoln. Este estudio se realizó con el propósito de evaluar y comparar el desempeño de este electrodo en diversas aplicaciones de soldadura. Se realizaron pruebas rigurosas que implicaron la soldadura de diferentes tipos de metales y espesores utilizando el electrodo mencionado. Durante el estudio, se utilizó la metodología de la normativa UNE-EN ISO 2401 donde nos ayudó a dar con los resultados de búsqueda que eran la eficiencia, rendimiento y el coeficiente del metal y examinaron varios aspectos clave, como la facilidad de uso del electrodo, la estabilidad del arco, la penetración en el metal base, la calidad de la soldadura resultante y la eficiencia del proceso en términos de consumo de material y tiempo requerido para completar la soldadura. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionaron información detallada sobre el rendimiento y eficiencia del electrodo E6010 de Lincoln en condiciones específicas de soldadura donde la eficiencia del electrodo 1/8 fue de 56.57 gr y la del electrodo 3/16 fue de 31.84 g a simple vista la eficiencia del electrodo 1/8 tuvo mayor eficiencia que el otro electro y como siguiente el rendimiento de los dos electrodos fue también diferente donde cullo electrodo 3/16 obtuvo un mejor rendimiento que el anterior
Peranan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) Terhadap Pengembangan UMKM Di Kabupaten Sinjai
Authors: Alfira Alfira , Nurdin Fadilah , Hikmah Aulia Nurul , Yudiyanti Ervina , Gustiana Gustiana , Fatimah St , Asmiranda Asmiranda
Published: February 2024

MSMEs in Sinjai Regency face capital-related challenges hindering their business development and growth. Consequently, government intervention is imperative to address these issues. Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) is a government program aimed at empowering MSMEs. This research aims to investigate the distribution procedures and the role of KUR in fostering MSME development in Sinjai Regency, utilizing a qualitative approach with a focus on fieldwork. The findings reveal a two-stage process for obtaining KUR: initial application and subsequent repayment. Mandiri Bank offers tailored credit limits to match the needs and business types of MSMEs, thereby preventing default risks. Moreover, KUR significantly contributes to enhancing MSME profitability, increasing income levels, and improving overall performance. These outcomes underscore the crucial role of KUR in advancing MSMEs in Sinjai Regency, thereby facilitating economic growth and sustainability at the local level.
Reform of Practical Teaching of Road Engineering Specialty Based on Cultivation of Innovative Ability
Authors:   Guizhou Institute of Technology，China, Zhang Wenli
Published: February 2024

Road engineering, as a core component of urban transportation and infrastructure construction, is not only related to the travel convenience of urban residents but also directly related to the development of the urban economy and the sustainable progress of society with the continuous expansion of urban scale and the rapid growth of population. In this context, the importance of the road engineering profession has become more and more prominent. In this paper, we will focus on the innovation ability cultivation and practical teaching reform of the road engineering profession. Through in-depth discussion of the development trend of the road engineering profession, as well as the design of innovative practical teaching strategies, optimization of the curriculum system, and strengthening of the practical ability, we aim to provide an effective way to cultivate the innovation consciousness, problem-solving ability and teamwork spirit of the students of the road engineering profession.
Strategies for Developing Professional Competencies in Pre-service Teachers’ Educational Internship and Teaching Support Program：Mediated by Teacher Self-efficacy
Authors:   College of Education,DeLaSalleUniversity–Dasmariñas,Philippines, Cheng Min ,   School of Education,Huainan Normal University, China, Li Haiyan ,   College of Education,DeLaSalleUniversity–Dasmariñas,Philippines,   School of Marxism, Huainan Norma University, China, Guo Lei ,   College of Education,DeLaSalleUniversity–Dasmariñas,Philippines,   School of Education,Huainan Normal University, China, Zheng Jiazhong ,   College of Education,DeLaSalleUniversity–Dasmariñas,Philippines,   School of Education,Huainan Normal University, China, Wang Gang ,   College of Education,DeLaSalleUniversity–Dasmariñas,Philippines,   School of Education,Huainan Normal University, China
Published: February 2024

Using teachers' self-efficacy in Bandura's social cognitive theory as a mediator, this study work on how to promote teachers' professional competence in educational internship and teaching support programs for pre-service teachers in order to solve the problem of insufficient teachers' vocational competence in pre-service teacher training, and to provide high-quality teachers for basic education. The study begins with the concept and current status of implementation of the educational internship and teaching support program, and provides an introduction to the main ways to develop the professional competencies of pre-service teachers. Through the four major sources of self-efficacy summarized by Bandura, it analyzes the generation and development of teachers' self-efficacy in the educational internship and teaching support program. It is suggested that colleges and universities and supported schools should promote the enhancement of teachers' ethics, pedagogical competence, student management competence and self-development competence through various strategies such as improving the content of educational internship and teaching program, enhancing external policy and emotional support, strengthening the guidance of educational internship teaching and stimulating the intrinsic developmental motivation.
Guiando os primeiros passos: educação em Puericultura para gestantes
Authors: SOUZA DA SILVA GISELE , O Lacerda Manuela Estrela do , Mariah Bezrutchka Benoliel Zaninetti Marcella , Caroline Hofmann Eduarda , Tex Barbosa Franco Diulia , Soares Ribeiro Junior Ivan , Balcewicz Dal Bosco Giovana , Meireles Varela Kelly , Matioski Brasil Larissa , Roldão dos Santos Nonose Eliana , Kei-Lan Tavares Pierre Eduarda , Matielo Ricci Caroline , Anjos da Silva Erika , Mendez  Alcântara Gabardo Betina
Published: February 2024

O estudo aborda a educação da saúde materno-infantil e da puericultura, destacando a relevância da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no acompanhamento desde a gestação até a infância. A puericultura é essencial para garantir o bem-estar físico e emocional de mães e bebês, com ênfase na prevenção e promoção da saúde desde o início da vida. O método utilizado na pesquisa envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica abrangente, consulta a documentos oficiais e diretrizes, garantindo a robustez do estudo. O desenvolvimento discute diversos aspectos da puericultura, incluindo cuidados com o sono hábitos de vida, transporte da criança, aleitamento materno, introdução alimentar e imunizações. Destaca-se a importância da vacinação no Programa Nacional de Imunização (PNI) para prevenir doenças, apesar dos desafios relacionados a movimentos contrários à vacinação. O estudo enfatiza que a não vacinação pode expor crianças a riscos significativos e ameaçar a imunidade coletiva. Em considerações finais, ressalta-se a interconexão entre os elementos abordados na saúde materno-infantil e puericultura, enfatizando o compromisso contínuo de profissionais de saúde, gestantes e comunidade para o sucesso dessas iniciativas. A implementação de práticas informadas por evidências é vista como um investimento significativo no bem-estar presente e futuro de mães e bebês.
EVALUATION OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE NEW MODEL OF SUCKER-ROD PUMPING UNIT
Authors:   Department of Machine design and industrial technologies, Azerbaijan Technical University, AHMEDOV Beyali , KHALILOV Isa ,   Department of Machine design and industrial technologies, Azerbaijan Technical University, HAJIYEV Anar
Published: February 2024

As is known, in world, oil production is carried out both in the sea and in oil fields on land. For the mechanized exploitation of oil fields on land, in most cases used different type of sucker-rod pumps. The main object of the study of the article is a new constructive solution of the pumping unit, the novelty of which is approved by the ownership certificates. The main factor characterizing the operation of pumping units is its quality indicators such as metal consumption, reliability, efficiency and energy consumption. When switching from a balanced sucker-rod pumping unit to an unbalanced the efficiency factor decreases from 0.834 to 0.65 and the operating power factor decreases from 0.605 to 0.312. In this case, power losses increase sharply not only in transmissions, but also in energy distribution networks. If the engine is not fully loaded or is not selected correctly, then these energy coefficients decrease even more. The selection of engine power is performed according to the worst conditions, i.e. the cyclic mode of operation of an unbalanced pumping unit. Despite this, it can be said that in almost all oil fields, the power of asynchronous motors is greatly exaggerated, which causes additional losses. In article proposed expressions for determining the optimal power of the electric motor were proposed, taking into account the efficiency factor of the balancing device during the balancing of the proposed new constructive solution of the beamless pumping unit with a combined, movable counter weights and rotary counter weights. This allows to prevent excess energy consumption and reduce energy costs. Which is very important in the era of globalization, when energy prices are rising sharply.
SOLAR PANELS CONTAMINATION DETECTION USING CNN
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, NAJAFLI Javad , IMAMVERDIYEV Yadigar ,   Azerbaijan Technical University
Published: February 2024

Solar panels, as an important source of renewable energy, are exposed to external factors such as dust accumulation and environmental pollution, which reduces their efficiency. To ensure timely cleaning of panels from contamination, monitoring of their condition is required. Monitoring can be carried out directly by a person or using visual detectors. This paper examines the second case, namely the use of AI to assess panel contamination. The AI used to assess the condition of the panels may be trained on images captured by cameras with a different resolution than the surveillance system in which it is embedded, which may result in the AI's inability to produce results under new conditions. This work evaluates the impact of changing the quality of images processed by AI on its effectiveness. To do this, a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model was used and a set of images of clean and dirty solar panels was taken, followed by their separation by resolution. The model was trained on a set of images of one quality and tested on others, and this approach was applied for each resolution. As results were obtained, elements from other sets were added to each set to stabilize the training of the neural network. During the work, the importance of using images of different qualities for training a neural network was assessed, as well as the minimum set to prevent overtraining due to the lack of quality differences. Taking into account the results obtained, it is possible to prevent the creation of inflexible neural networks, as well as save on using the minimum required data to stabilize training.
Ali the cook and "Peter” the collector: Two Wallace helpers in his last Sarawak days
Authors:   California State University, M. Drawhorn Gerrell
Published: February 2024

Alfred Russel Wallace's last month or so in Sarawak required him to replace his personal servant and cook, Charles Allen, who had announced he would not be accompanying Wallace further on his travels. It appears that Allen's replacement, Ali, had previously been a servant/cook in the employ of Spenser St. John who accompanied Wallace up to Peninjau, Rajah James Brooke's cottage on Gunong Serambo. As well, at this time, Wallace attempted to quickly fill out his ornithological and mammalian collections by purchasing specimens from a collector simply identified as "Peter" This individual can now be identified as Joseph "Peter" Middleton, the Chief Constable of Kuching.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA DENGAN PERJANJIAN KERJA WAKTU TERTENTU BERDASAR UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 13 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG KETENAGAKERJAAN
Authors: Hamsar Suci Amalia  , Marwah Masruroh
Published: February 2024

Legal protection for employees is regulated by the Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Labor. The legal protection obtained by a worker relates to the fulfilment of the rights agreed between the employees and the employer, which are laid down in the employment contract, among others; wages or remuneration or salary; time, rest, and leave of work; safety, health and well-being at work; mechanisms of termination of employment relations; and etc. An employment contract is a prerequisite for the establishment of an employment relationship and for the fulfilment of the rights of the worker. An employment contract consists of a Fixed Term Employment Agreement and An Indefinite Time Work Agreement. The discussion in this study is: Forms of legal protection of workers with Fixed Term Employment Agreement under Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Labor. The method used is normative jurisprudence with specifications of analytical descriptive research. The data collected is secondary data obtained from library material such as books, documents, archives, literature and reports related to the subject being studied. After all the material is collected, the data is analyzed qualitatively.
Challenges and countermeasures of international economy and trade under the background of big data
Authors: Li Ming
Published: February 2024

In the era of big data, international economy and trade are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. This paper analyzes the influence of big data on international economy and trade, discusses the related challenges, and puts forward the countermeasures. In terms of challenges, big data brings privacy and security risks, data standardization issues and the widening digital divide. In order to meet these challenges, the international community needs to strengthen data security regulations, formulate international data standards, promote digital inclusion, and improve the transparency of data governance. In addition, this paper also emphasizes the great potential of big data in international trade, including improving market access, reducing trade costs and optimizing supply chain.
Blocked Transmission
Authors: Ough Tom
Published: February 2024

Fomites are inanimate objects that can transfer pathogens. New-age materials and sprays inhibit their spread.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SELF-COMPASSION DENGAN KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS PADA GURU HONORER SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Mukhlisa Vinny Nadia , Nurmina Nurmina
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif untuk mengetahui hubungan self-compassion dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada guru honorer sekolah dasar di Kota Padang. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 103 orang guru honorer sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling . Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala self-compassion dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0.972 dan skala kesejahteraan psikologis dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0.83-0.9. Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis koefisien korelasi Product Moment Carl Pearson . Hasil menunjukkan koefisien korelasi r = 0,560 dengan nilai p = 0,000 yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang positif signifikan antara self-compassion dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada guru honorer sekolah dasar di Kota Padang. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi self-compassion maka semakin tinggi juga kesejahteraan psikologis pada guru honorer sekolah dasar di Kota Padang.
Income shares south of the Rio Bravo, 1920-2011
Authors: Astorga Pablo
Published: February 2024

This paper analyses, for the first time, comparable income shares of the top 10%, the middle 50% and the bottom 40% of the labour force in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela (LA6) from 1920 to 2011 using a new dataset. The main findings are: i) over the whole period the LA6 exhibited a recurrent very high income concentration at the top 10% (an average share of 48.1%) and a relatively low share for those of the bottom 40% (13.9%), with a Palma ratio of 3.5; ii) although the three shares varied over time and showed important differences across countries and developmental epochs, the region did not show a lasting equalizing outcome resembling the Great Levelling experienced by developed economies during the middle decades of the last century; iii) there is no support over time for the “Palma proposition” stating a relative stability of the income share of the middle 50%. Despite policy efforts in the 2000s to raise the income of the bottom 40%, altogether, a more equitable income distribution is still a pending task in Latin America.
Historia empresarial en América Latina: debates, perspectivas y agendas en el siglo XXI
Authors: Lluch Andrea
Published: February 2024

Este ensayo provee una síntesis del desarrollo del campo de la historia empresarial en América Latina, destacándose los puntos centrales de la trayectoria en las últimas décadas. Para ello repasa los temas y debates centrales en las últimas décadas. Al finalizar propone una posible agenda de temas de investiga- ción para los años futuros.
backbone of Latin America: recent developments and new directions in anthropometric history
Authors: López-Alonso Moramay
Published: February 2024

This article examines scholarship in the anthropometric history of Latin America, published after the
last survey in 2016. The field has grown in diverse senses: there are studies for countries that had not been studied before, such as Bolivia, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad, and the scholarship covers broader periods and in more detail for those countries that were first studied such as Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and especially Chile. New methodologies are used to examine height data and its determinants beyond the traditional realm of anthropometric history, such as gender dimorphism, nutrition, and Technophysio evolution. The approach has also led to assessing the effects of immigration and violence on living stan- dards. This growing scholarship contributes to deepening our understanding of the region’s socioeconomic aspects of stature, inequality, and welfare. More historical analysis would help to further our knowledge of the context in which these processes evolved in different periods for different countries. The field can expand and be part of debates on these topics beyond Latin America in many ways.
The History of the Sangap Di Jahowa Hymnbook of the Batak Protestant Christian Church (HKBP)
Authors: Manik Toman
Published: February 2024

Ende or songs are very important in every church. To develop services in HKBP churches, varied religious songs are needed. This research aims to investigate when the HKBP churches started using Sangap di Jahowa songbook for the first time, and what are the roles of the songbook holds in HKBP services. This research used qualitative method, by interviewing some people who directly related to the arrangement of the book. Data from articles and books as well as theories from interdiciplinary science were also taken into consideration. This research shows that Ende Sangap di Jahowa songbook exists because of the needs of varied songs in addition to Buku Ende and Haluaon na Gok. Its presence shows that for hundred of years HKBP congregations have adapted and created new songs from ones that came out of their own culture. It gives positive changes in HKBP services.
A Theological Review of Hope in Suffering Based on Lamentations 3:21-33
Authors: Panggabean Kristina
Published: February 2024

Why do suffering Christians often feel frustrated? They seem don't see God's help, or lose hope. How should a Christian deal with suffering? This research aims to answer these questions. Using the Bible, commentaries, and related research articles, the author carries out an exegesis of Lamentations 3:21-33. Through this research it was found that the Prophet Jeremiah expressed his concern for the suffering experienced by the people of Judah. However, through that suffering, God's truth was revealed. In the midst of the suffering experienced by his people, Jeremiah had confidence in God's never-ending care, faithful love and mercy. The prophet believed and relied on Allah to provide for his needs in the midst of suffering. This hope in suffering gives strength to people experiencing suffering today, especially Christians.
»Man skal måske også passe på, at sanserne de ikke overtager det hele« – implikationer af pjat på læreruddannelsen
Authors: Lausen Lotte Agnes , Pedersen Oline , Skovbjerg Helle Marie
Published: February 2024

Hvad sker der, når undervisning med legekvaliteter på læreruddannelsen bliver pjattet? Gennem et nærempirisk studie af tre undervisningssituationer med legekvalitet på læreruddannelsen sætter artiklen fokus på de måder, hvorpå pjattet udfolder sig og på, hvilke fortolkninger der knytter sig til udfoldelsen. Artiklen bidrager til en diskussion af, hvilke implikationer disse fortolkninger kan have for lærerstuderende i deres kommende pædagogiske praksis. Dette fører frem til et forslag om nuancering af fortolkningerne af pjat i undervisning, idet der her argumenteres for, at pjat og den euforiske legestemning både er vigtige komponenter for at give det legende liv og ilt til at fortsætte, og at der gemt i det pjattede også ligger nogle uventede faglige åbninger.
Mortevivum
Authors: Brown Kimberly Juanita
Published: February 2024

A powerful examination of the unsettling history of photography and its fraught relationship to global antiblackness.

Since photography's invention, black life has been presented as fraught, short, agonizingly filled with violence, and indifferent to intervention: living death—mortevivum—in a series of still frames that refuse a complex humanity. In Mortevivum, Kimberly Juanita Brown shows us how the visual logic of documentary photography and the cultural legacy of empire have come together to produce the understanding that blackness and suffering—and death—are inextricable. Brown traces this idea from the earliest images of the enslaved to the latest newspaper photographs of black bodies, from the United States and South Africa to Haiti and Rwanda, documenting the enduring, pernicious connection between photography and a global history of antiblackness.

Photography's history, inextricably linked to colonialism and white supremacy, is a catalog of othering, surveillance, and the violence of objectification. In the genocide in Rwanda, for instance, photographs after the fact tell viewers that blackness comes with a corresponding violence that no human intervention can abate. In Haiti, the first black republic in the Western Hemisphere, photographic “evidence” of its sovereign failure suggests that the formerly enslaved cannot overthrow their masters and survive to tell the tale. And in South Africa and the United States, a loop of racial violence reminds black subjects of their lower-class status mandated via the state. Illustrating the global nature of antiblackness that pervades photographic archives of the present and the past, Mortevivum reveals how we live in a repetition of imagery signaling who lives and who dies on a gelatin silver print—on a page in a book, on the cover of newspaper, and in the memory of millions.

Mortevivum is the inaugural title of On Seeing, a new publication series devoted to visual literacy. Publications foreground the political agency, critical insight, and social impact inscribed in visuality and representation. The MIT Press will publish each On Seeing volume as a print book, ebook, and open access digital edition created by Brown University Digital Publications.

The URL for this publication is https://on-seeing-mortevivum.org/.
Task-anchored grid cell firing is selectively associated with successful path integration-dependent behaviour
Authors: Clark Harry , Nolan Matthew F.
Published: February 2024

Grid firing fields have been proposed as a neural substrate for spatial localisation in general or for path integration in particular. While there are theoretical arguments to support each possibility, it has been challenging to directly test whether and when grid cells contribute to behaviours. Here, we investigate firing of grid and non-grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex during a location memory task. We find that grid firing can either be anchored to the task environment, or can encode distance travelled independently of the task reference frame. Anchoring varied between and within sessions, while spatial firing of non-grid cells was either coherent with the grid population, or was stably anchored to the task environment. We took advantage of the variability in task-anchoring to evaluate whether and when encoding of location by grid cells might contribute to behaviour. We find that when reward location is indicated by a visual cue performance is similar regardless of whether grid cells are task-anchored or not, arguing against a role for grid representations when location cues are available. By contrast, in the absence of the visual cue, performance was enhanced when grid cells were anchored to the task environment. Our results suggest that anchoring of grid cells to task reference frames selectively enhances performance when path integration is required.
It’s a competitive business
Authors: Sokabe Masaaki , Fraser Christopher S
Published: February 2024

A new in vitro system called Rec-Seq sheds light on how mRNA molecules compete for the machinery that translates their genetic sequence into proteins.
Automatic nutrient estimator: distributing nutrient solution in hydroponic plants based on plant growth
Authors: Sangeetha Tupili , Periyathambi Ezhumalai
Published: February 2024

Background

The primary objective is to address the specific needs of plants at different growth stages by delivering precise nutrient concentrations tailored to their developmental requirements. Challenges such as uneven nutrient distribution, fluctuations in pH and electrical conductivity, and inadequate nutrient delivery pose potential hindrances to achieving optimal plant health and yield in hydroponic systems. By overcoming these challenges, the hydroponic farming community aims to enhance the accuracy of nutrient dosing, streamline automation processes, and minimize resource wastage. Hydroponics, a cultivation technique without soil, facilitates the growth of organic vegetation while concurrently minimizing water use and eliminating the necessity for pesticides. In order to achieve effective cultivation of hydroponic plants, it is essential to maintain a controlled environment that encompasses essential factors such as temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, oxygen availability, and appropriate lighting conditions. Additionally, it is crucial to ensure the provision of vital nutrients to maximize output and productivity. Due to the demanding nature of a hydroponic farmer’s schedule, it is necessary to minimize the amount of time dedicated to nutrient management, as well as pH and EC adjustments.

Methods

In order to determine and deliver the proper amount of vital nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, based on the plant growth stage, we presented an automatic hydroponic nutrient estimator in this system. We noticed that the plant’s nutrient consumption varies depending on its stage of growth according to plant psychology. Four peristaltic pumps with the necessary sensors are controlled by an Arduino board in the suggested system. Both filling and draining the water are done using each pump. To identify the plant stage, we apply the Plant Growth Stage Identification algorithm to encompass the seedling, vegetative, flowers, and fruit stages.

Results

The experimental results reveal that the Growth Stage Identification algorithm obtains 97.5% accuracy for the first 5 weeks with 1,715 ppm of nutrition ingestion, identifying the vegetative state. The flowering stage is identified with 97.5% accuracy in the 6–9th week with 2,380 ppm of nutrition consumption, and the fruiting location is determined with 99.4% accuracy in the last 10–15th week with 2,730 ppm of nutrition consumption.
Comparative Study on Ethanol Production from Sweet Potato Flour and Sugarcane Juice Using Thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Udeh Ifunanya Clara , Ezea Ifeanyi Boniface , Ogbonna James Chukwuma
Published: February 2024

Renewable energy is widely acknowledged as the fastest growing energy source due to its environmental friendly. The demand for ethanol is increasing but the cost and availability of substrate are the major challenges facing bioethanol production. Therefore, the aim of this research was to compare bioethanol production from sugarcane juice and sweet potato flour.  Bioethanol production was carried out using liquefied and pretreated sweet potato flour and sugarcane juice in 250 ml conical flask inoculated with thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus. The result showed that the sugar concentration of sweet potato flour and sugarcane juice were 18 and 25 % respectively. During fermentation the sugar concentration decreased while ethanol concentration increased to maximum of 5.273 and 3.886 % respectively from sugarcane juice and sweet potato flour after 48 hours of fermentation. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that sweet potato and sugarcane, which are efficiently and abundantly cultivated in most parts of Nigeria, can be efficiently utilized for bioethanol production.
Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) Condiment Extract Reversed Diarrhoeal Condition in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Olanipekun, O. T.  , Akinloye, O. A.  , Soetan, K. O.
Published: February 2024

Aims: The goal of the investigation is to verify the anti-diarrhoeal properties of bambara groundnut seed condiment.

Study Design:  The study involved thirty male Wistar rats divided into five groups. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received different dosages of the methanol extract of Bambara groundnut condiment (BGNCE). Group 1 served as a control and received loperamide, a standard medication for treating diarrhoea, while group 5 received distilled water. The rats were subjected to castor oil to induce diarrhoea, and various parameters were evaluated over a four-hour period.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, and the Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta; between July 2017 and November, 2017.

Methodology: The methodology involved administering castor oil to induce diarrhoea, evaluating various diarrhoea parameters over four hours, and analyzing serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl-) using standard methods.

Results: The rats in group 1 (loperamide) showed the highest level of inhibition of diarrhoea (100%), while rats in group 5 (distilled water) had the least inhibition (21.85%). The treatment with bambara groundnut condiment extract improved kidney and liver functions in rats, as indicated by changes in blood urea nitrogen (18.80 mg/dl vs 10.67 mg/dl); creatinine (0.83 mg/dl vs 0.74 mg/dl); and albumin (2.01 vs 3.21 g/dl), for rat groups 4 and 1 respectively. BGNCE also up-regulated serum concentrations (mmol/L) of (K+, Na+, Cl-) ions close to control.

Conclusion: The study concludes that Bambara groundnut condiment have anti-diarrhoeal potential, and untreated acute diarrhoea can impair liver and kidney functions in rats.
Experimentally Histological Assessment for the Effect of Resveratrol in the Liver of Mice
Authors: Salman Asmaa Khalid , Hasan Zainab Yaseen Mohammed , Al-Kenanny E. R.
Published: February 2024

Resveratrol a major Polyphenolic compound is a non-flavonoid stilbene, was isolated and purified as a first time in Iraq from the skin of black grape had grown in this country. Many studies confirmed the biological importance of this substance in different disorders, beside the protective properties specially towered the hepatic cells against free radicals and drugs toxic effects as histological level. In this study the purified resveratrol from Iraqi black grape was administered to groups of normal mice in three doses to investigate if there is any unwanted or harmful effects which may appear on the mice liver after fifteen days and thirty days administrated as intrapretoneal single dose a day Results showed that the extraction method estimated resveratrol in two stereo isomer mixture cis and trance forms. The different doses within two intervals affected the hepatocytes in different manner. The harmful properties of this substance appeared to be more potent in relation with dose and exposure time increasing. The study concluded that there must be an extensive studies that bridge the gap of available information with what is required regarding the Iraqi purified resveratrol as a safe therapeutic substance, not only for treating liver disorders, but in all it's therapeutic purposes
A Study to Assess Occupational Stress among the Farmers of Mahbubnagar District of Telangana, India
Authors: Shravani Kotha , Naberia Seema , Mounika B. , Sravani Settipalli
Published: February 2024

Aim: The main aim of the study was to analyze the occupational stress of the farmers.

Study Design: The study followed Ex post facto research design.

Place and Duration of study: The current study was carried out purposively in Mahbubnagar district of Telangana during the year 2020-21 because the farmers of Mahbubnagar district are far behind in terms of scientific knowledge of agriculture and the productivity of the crops is being constant despite the huge developments in the technology interventions in the country.

Methodology: The purposive sampling technique was administered and one mandal namely Midjil was selected because most of farmers grow cotton and are far behind the technological interventions and data was collected from a randomly drawn sample of 170 respondents by personal interview method through structured interview schedule.

Results: The results of the study revealed that 70.59% respondents were having medium level of overall occupational stress followed by high stress (15.29%) and low stress level (14.12%) with high level financial stress (68.82%), medium level of weather stress (57.64%), medium level of work overload stress (70.00%), medium level of other people as stress (74.11%), medium level of farming hassles stress (64.70%).

Conclusion: It was concluded to focus on the occupational stress while promoting appropriate strategies with training programmes, demonstrations, develop and regulate policies like minimum support price, and provide subsidies on inputs, provision for storage facilities to avoid distress sale etc. from the state government.