bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERDAS E IMPUREZAS NA COLHEITA MECANIZADA DE CANA-DE-AÇUCAR UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES CONFIGURAÇÕES DE TRABALHO DA COLHEDORA
Authors: Guedes Ramos Carlos Renato , Lanças Kléber Pereira , Santos Ronilson de Souza , Silva Romulo Leonardo da
Published: May 2017

A colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar tem apresentado deficiências em qualidade da matéria-prima colhida em função das condições encontradas no canavial e da falta de regulagem apropriada das colhedoras. A quantidade de impurezas junto à carga e a redução das perdas de matéria-prima podem ser minimizadas a partir do investimento em treinamento para operadores. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar em função da sua velocidade de deslocamento, rotação do extrator primário da colhedora e produtividade agrícola do canavial. Como tratamentos, foram selecionadas duas velocidades de deslocamento para a colhedora, sendo uma velocidade padrão de colheita e a máxima velocidade alcançada.  Foram utilizadas três diferentes rotações do extrator primário da colhedora: baixa, intermediária e alta. Além disso, o experimento foi realizado em duas áreas com produtividade agrícola distintas, sendo uma de baixa e a outra de alta produtividade. Foram avaliadas as perdas visíveis de matéria-prima e o índice de impurezas vegetais eminerais presentes na matéria-prima colhida. As perdas de matéria-prima foram influenciadas pelo aumento da velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora e podem ser menores em áreas de alta produtividade agrícola do que em áreas com menor produtividade agrícola, quando analisadas em percentual. O aumento da velocidade de colheita causou aumento na presença de impurezas vegetais e minerais. Observou-se que a eficiência de extração de impurezas vegetais foi melhor na área de alta produtividade agrícola do que na área de baixa produtividade.
ÍNDICE FUZZY PARA O CONFORTO TÉRMICO DE SUÍNOS NA FASE DE CRESCIMENTO E TERMINAÇÃO COM BASE NA TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL E FREQUENCIA RESPIRATÓRIA
Authors: Cecchin Daiane , Campos Alessandro Torres , Schiassi Leonardo , Da Cruz Vasco Manuel Fitas , Sousa Francine Aparecida
Published: May 2017

O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e testar um modelo matemático computacional, com base na teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy, para predizer a temperatura superficial e frequência respiratória de suínos em função da idade dos animais e o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Foram observados suínos na fase de crescimento e terminação. Os dados do ambiente térmico (ITU) e respostas fisiológicas (Temperatura Superficial (TS) e Frequência Respiratória (FR)) foram usados no desenvolvimento de um modelo fuzzy, sendo definidas, como variáveis de entrada a idade dos animais (dias) e o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), por se tratarem de variáveis que influenciam diretamente nas respostas fisiológicas dos animais. O desvio padrão médio do modelo fuzzy em relação aos valores observados experimentalmente foi de 0,61% e 1,38%, para TS e FR, respectivamente, sendo o desvio padrão maior encontrado de 1,30% e 4,16% (para TS e FR, respectivamente) e o desvio padrão menor de 0,01% e 0,14% (para TS e FR respectivamente). Os coeficientes de determinação (R2, %) obtidos mostraram que 58,72% e 83,55% (para TS e FR respectivamente) da variação podem ser explicadas pelo modelo. Portanto, o modelo fuzzy desenvolvido em função da idade dos suínos e do ITU mostrou-se mais adequado para a predição da resposta frequência respiratória do que para a predição da temperatura superficial de suínos na fase de crescimento. Apresenta baixo desvio padrão e correlação considerável para essa variável com os dados medidos durante a condução do experimento de campo, podendo ser utilizado como ferramenta de controle do ambiente térmico em instalações comerciais de produção.
SIMULAÇÃO DO AMBIENTE DE INSTALAÇÕES PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE VISANDO O CONFORTO TÉRMICO
Authors: Cordeiro Enedy Allan Rodrigues , Souza Silvia Regina Lucas de , Glavina Andréia Soares Gonçalves , Pinto Eduardo da Silva , Bueno Leda Gobbo De Freitas
Published: May 2017

Será colocado em breve.
Direção predominante, velocidade do vento e suas frequências de ocorrência em Dourados-MS
Authors: Da Silva Robson Leal , Vieira Marcelo Mendes
Published: May 2017

O Centro-Oeste e Norte do Brasil são regiões geográficas com poucas pesquisas registrada na literatura técnico-científica a respeito potencial para aproveitamento de energia eólica e solar. Conhecer qual é o regime de vento e as condições predominantes em cada local é importante para uma melhor estimativa do potencial eólico local e aplicações em características regionais que são influenciadas por este fenômeno. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a direção predominante e intensidade da velocidade do vento(médias e principais frequências de ocorrência), bem como seu comportamento sazonal na região do município de Dourados-MS. A metodologia considera os dados registrados a cada hora, por estação meteorológica semi-automática localizada no campus da UFGD (latitude 22° 11’S, longitude 54° 55’O e altitude de 454m), com anemômetro instalado a 2m acima do nível do solo, e série historica no período 2005-2009. Análise das médias diárias e mensais é equacionada, bem como para obtenção das frequências de ocorrência para direção (intervalos de 15°) e velocidade (intervalos de 0,5 m/s). A partir dos resultados obtidos, para a região de Dourados-MS, é possível concluir o que segue: a) A direção do vento predominante é Nordeste (NE); b) No mês de janeiro, a velocidade média diária do vento é (1,4±0,2) m/s, e no período anual a velocidade média diária é (2,0±0,5) m/s; c) A representação de médias diárias mantém as características originais do fenômeno (o que não ocorre com médias mensais), que é o comportamento estatístico típico das distribuições de Weibull e Rayleigh encontradas na literatura.
ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DO ETANOL HIDRATADO COMBUSTÍVEL NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Doretto Daniel De Araujo , Sartori Maria Marcia Pereira , Venturini Filho Waldemar Gastoni
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar físico-quimicamente o etanol hidratado combustível comercializado na zona leste do município de São Paulo. Foram coletadas doze amostras de etanol, de quatro bandeiras diferentes, três postos por bandeira. Foram realizadas análises de aspecto, cor, pH, condutividade elétrica máxima, massa específica, teor alcoólico, teor de hidrocarbonetos máximo e teor de sódio máximo. Os resultados das análises foram comparados com as normas, atualmente vigentes, do Regulamento Técnico n. 3/2011 da ANP. Das doze amostras analisadas, três apresentaramvalores de pH acima do limite máximo. Uma amostra apresentou valores de condutividade elétrica, teor de sódio e teor alcoólico acima do limite máximo e massa específica abaixo do limite mínimo, constatou-se que essa amostra teve seu pH corrigido (elevado) com hidróxido de sódio e também, que era produto da adulteração conhecida popularmente como álcool molhado.
The Influence of Kindergarten Building’s Plan Patterns and Areal Standards in Children’s Unacceptable Behavior
Authors: Ali Ranj
Published: May 2017

The research has been done because of the delay and not keep in touch in responding to the requirements of contemporary child needs, which led to occur unlikable acts and unacceptable behavioral practices in kindergarten spaces by the children, that confirms in transforming kindergarten from a knowledge institution to a place which the child acquires unacceptable behaviors. Thus the research tries to explain the type of relationship between the child’s behavior and areal standards of the built environment in the kindergarten, through two main axes, the first axis studies the child and the way they learn behavior and the measuring methods of such behavior according to psychological theories in order to determine the most important indicators which specifies the two behaviors for the study (aggressive and isolation behaviors), while the second axis deals with the kindergarten buildings in terms of its plan and standards to identify the most influential properties on behavior. Therefore, the ex-axes have been applied in the case study to find out the relationship between them which consisted of three stages; the first stage is the general survey for the whole samples (the existed kindergarten buildings in Erbil city till 2014) which are governmental and private kindergartens, the second stage dealt with the selected samples which consisted of all kinds of governmental buildings and with several private kindergartens, while the third stage represents findings out of the case study and determining the relationship of the influential areal standards on the child’s behavior in order to test the research hypothesis. The research concluded that the diversity in plan patterns led to appear various unacceptable behavioral practices in kindergarten spaces, as it found out that the most recorded cases of unacceptable behavior among children were riots and confusion behaviors, then the second one was violent behavior, the third one was destructive behavior and finally was isolation behavior, where the aggressive behaviors are more practiced by the children in kindergarten buildings as compared to isolation behavior. The research also concluded that the aggressive and isolation behaviors of the selected samples are more occurred in the classes compared to other spaces, while these behaviors are less practiced in the toilets ,finally it raises the recommendation for the research.
Analysis of treatment outcome in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients treated under programmatic conditions
Authors: Janmeja A. K. , Aggarwal Deepak , Dhillon Ruchika
Published: May 2017

Background: Programmatic management of MDR-TB has taken over the un-standardized and unsupervised treatment practice in India. However, despite being implemented in whole of country, the data on the program surveillance is scarce.  Hence the present study was sought to evaluate the treatment outcome in patients with MDR TB in Chandigarh being treated under programmatic conditions.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out by enrolling all MDR-TB patients registered between January 2012 to December 2014. Medical records of 140 patients were scrutinized for necessary information on demographic, clinical parameters and previous TB treatment. Treatment outcomes to Cat IV anti-TB therapy, any interruptions in treatment, adverse drug reactions, culture conversion etc. were evaluated from the records.Results: Of the 140 patients, 77 (55%) were declared cured, 11 (7.9%) completed treatment, 23 patients (16.4%) died, 13 (9.3%) defaulted on treatment, 5 (3.6%) had treatment failure and 11 (7.9%) were shifted to Cat V therapy. On comparison, BMI, haemoglobin, treatment outcome in previous ATT, treatment adherence and time to sputum culture conversion were significantly different in different treatment outcome groups.Conclusions: The treatment success rate of MDR‑TB patients have shown improvement under programmatic conditions. Interventions to improve BMI and treatment adherence might further help to improve the success rate.
A study on clinical and laboratory profiles of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes in an Eastern Indian teaching Hospital
Authors: Kabi Shobhitendu , Padhy Rajesh , Panda Baikuntha N. , Rath Siba N. , Padhy Rabindra N.
Published: May 2017

Background: Stroke is a frequent cause of death and disability. This study was carried out to establish the pattern of various types of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and comparison between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in Eastern India.Methods: This is a retrospective study of sample size 367 CVA patients; among them, 218 were ischemic and 149 were hemorrhagic admitted to Department of General medicine and Neurology of the hospital.Results: Of the total 367 patients, there were 149 as hemorrhagic stroke patients and 218 patients as ischemic stroke patients. Ratio of hemorrhagic to ischemic stroke was 40.6: 59.4. Among patients in hemorrhagic patients male to female ratio was 1.6:1 and in ischemic stroke patients male to female ratio was 1.27:1. It was recorded that prevalence of ischemic stroke was higher than hemorrhagic type.Conclusions: The CVA was associated with blood pressure, cholesterol and use of tobacco as the common risk factor for ischemic stroke. It was recorded that ischemic stroke patients had reported frequently than hemorrhagic patients.
Correlation of HBsAg quantitation by ELISA with serum hepatitis B virus DNA quantitative PCR in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Kolassery Sandesh
Published: May 2017

Background: Serum HBV DNA is a useful and reliable marker to diagnose and monitor CHB on treatment. The limitation of HBV DNA is that it is expensive and that the assays lack uniformity and standardization. Hence there is a need for more economical and reliable marker. HBsAg quantitation is one such surrogate serological marker. The objective of the current study is to compare and correlate the serum hepatitis B DNA quantitative PCR with HBsAg quantitation.Methods: Patients with CHB attending to the outpatient clinic of Gastroenterology department were enrolled in the study. Patients with undetectable HBV DNA levels and those co-infected with HCV or HIV were excluded from the study. All patients were tested for serological markers like HBsAg (rapid), HBeAg, anti HBe and HBV DNA-PCR. HBsAg quantification was done using conventional ELISA immunoassay. HBV-DNA and qHBsAg levels were expressed in log10IU/ml. Pearson correlation was used to estimate correlation between HBV DNA and HBsAg quantitation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS and P value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 38 patients were enrolled in the study. 23.62% were females and mean age of patients in the entire study group was 35.72 years. The mean ALT level was 103.80U/L. 26.32% (n = 10) were HBeAg positive. Mean HBV DNA and qHBsAg levels for the entire cohort were 5.81 log10IU/ml and 5.83 log10IU/ml respectively with a correlation coefficient of 0.318 (P = 0.130). For HBeAg positive patients the mean HBV DNA and qHBsAg levels were 7.90 log10IU/ml and 5.91 log10IU/ml respectively with a correlation coefficient of 0.722 (P = 0.043). HBV DNA levels were significantly higher in HBeAg positive patients compared with HBeAg negative patients (7.9 versus 4.01; P = 0.002). qHBsAg levels were also marginally high in HBeAg positive patients (5.91 versus 5.8; P = 0.136). Neither HBV DNA levels nor qHBsAg levels correlated with serum ALT levels.Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between quantitative HBsAg levels and HBV-DNA levels in HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B but not in HBeAg negative patients. HBV-DNA levels are significantly higher in HBeAg positive patients.
Comparative study of (0.5%) levobupivacaine and (0.75%) ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block by lateral approach
Authors: Kumar Jitesh , Sweta . , Lata Kumari Kanak , Prasad B. K. , Gupta V. K.
Published: May 2017

Background: As compared to general anaesthesia, brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery gives fewer side effects and better postoperative analgesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.5% levobupivacaine and compare it with 0.75% ropivacaine.Methods: For this prospective randomized, controlled study, 60 patients of both sexes of ASA grade 1 and 2 were enrolled and divided into two groups and supraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed by lateral approach using 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 0.75% ropivacaine. The onset of sensory and motor block, duration of sensory and motor block and analgesia and possible adverse events were recorded.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the onset of sensory block in both groups. Onset of motor block was significantly faster in levobupivacaine group (P<0.05). Duration of sensory block, motor block and analgesia was significantly longer in levobupivacaine group (P<0.05).Conclusions: 0.5% levobupivacaine is better alternative to 0.75% ropivacaine in brachial plexus block in term of early onset of sensory block and long duration of analgesia.
Foreign bodies in aero-digestive tract in children: spectrum of presentation and management
Authors: Patil Rajashekhar T. , Prakash Advait
Published: May 2017

Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion and aspiration is quite common in children. It can be a life-threatening condition. Early diagnosis of foreign body aspiration is essential as delay in its recognition and treatment results in high morbidity and mortality. Symptoms seem to mostly depend on the anatomical location. The absence of specific symptoms indicating the occurrence of FB injury can lead to delay in diagnosis, thereby increasing the risk of complications.Methods: This is a prospective study which comprised of 50 patients with between 8 months and 4.5 years. FB involving different parts of the aero-digestive tract were included in the study. The site, side, symptoms and radiographic findings were recorded for each patient. Different procedures were used for retrieval of various FB at different locations. Majority of these procedures were performed under anaesthesia.Results: Most of the FB were organic in nature. Right side bronchus was more commonly involved. A combination of different procedures was used according to the site involved. All the FB were removed successfully and smoothly. There was minimum morbidity with no mortality and the overall outcome was excellent. Hospital stay varied according to the site of involvement.Conclusions: The symptoms of FB change with the site involved and many patients are even asymptomatic. A differential diagnosis of foreign body should always be made in an acute or chronic presentation of respiratory cases. Aspiration of foreign body should be suspected in all cases of broncho-pulmonary infection with atypical course. High index of suspicion is the cornerstone of diagnosis. Bronchoscopy is the best diagnostic and therapeutic method in all suspicions of foreign body of tracheo-bronchial tree. Proper and timely intervention optimizes the outcome.
Factors influencing perforated appendicitis in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: A. Palachandra , R. Shashank , C. Y. Sreelatha
Published: May 2017

Background: Appendicitis is among the most common abdominal conditions requiring admission to emergency surgery departments. It has a life time risk of 6%. Untreated appendicitis may be complicated with development of gangrene or perforation, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates in almost all age groups. The frequency of appendicitis may show variation by population, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and race. The objective of this study was to know the influence of some demographic factors on perforated appendicitis in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional was done in a teaching hospital which is a referral center. All the acute appendicitis cases admitted to the hospital between January 2015 to December 2016 were included in the study. A total of 532 acute appendicitis cases were diagnosed based on pathological features and were allocated to either the perforated or non-perforated appendicitis groups.Results: In our study total 532 cases were operated for appendicitis. Among that 294 (56%) were males and 238 (44%) were females with a ratio of 1.27:1.00. The mean age was 26.8±13.2 among non -perforated cases and 22.4±12.3 among perforated cases. In present study, maximum cases were in the age group 21-30 years and perforation was more among >50 years age group (23.3%).Conclusions: Perforation was higher among >50 years age group and in the patients from rural area which was found to be statistically significant. The reasons can be misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, financial and transportation problems.
Urinary incontinence: prevalence, risk factors, impact on quality of life and treatment seeking behaviour among middle aged women
Authors: Agarwal Brijesh Kumar , Agarwal Namita
Published: May 2017

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the priority health issue recognized by WHO. Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined by the international continence society as "a condition in which involuntary loss of urine is objectively demonstrable and is a social and hygiene problem. It is a common and distressing medical condition severely affecting quality of life (QOL). Urinary incontinence is a common health problem among women, with the prevalence varying from 8-45% in different studies.Methods: This study was based among the population around SRM-IMS, Bareilly. Total 464 women were interviewed out of 2860 total inhabitants.Results: Out of 464, 236 females were selected for this study. 28 women had urinary incontinence. The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence in our study was about 12%. There was significant association of increasing age and presence of urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence does impact on quality of life of a woman having urinary incontinence. Impact of personal factors do not have much impact on urinary incontinence. 22% women had stress urinary incontinence, 38% had urgency incontinence and 38% had mixed type of urinary incontinence.Conclusions: Various obstetrical factors do contribute to urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is a significant health problem in the society leading to restriction in social and sexual activities. Almost 1 in 12 women suffering from urinary incontinence. Simple epidemiological tools such as a questionnaire can unveil the urinary incontinence subjectively. Further efforts are to be done to improve the quality of life and minimizing the urinary incontinence by pursuing them for treatment.
To study hematological profile in malaria patients
Authors: Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Sujit
Published: May 2017

Background: Malaria has been a problem in India for centuries and it is responsible for many deaths in rural areas. This study was done to observe hematological profile in malaria patients and to study the incidence of complications in different species of malaria patients and to find any relation with hematological changes.Methods: The study was conducted at MLN Medical College, Allahabad in the Department of Medicine between January 2016 to December 2016. One hundred consecutive patients aged 18 years or more with malaria fever were interviewed and examined.Results: Out of 100 patients 26 patients had Plasmodium vivax malaria and 59 patients had Plasmodium falciparum infection while 15 patients had mixed PV and PF infection. In present study thrombocytopenia was most common hematological abnormality. Thrombocytopenia was present in 87 patients, out of them 18 had very severe thrombocytopenia while 69 had mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. Frank bleeding was present in 14 of total studied population and had both PV and PF infection. Petechial rashes were present in 10 patients. Anemia was present in 80 patients.Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is very frequent finding in patients suffering from malaria, and even in presence of thrombocytopenia bleeding manifestations are uncommon. So, platelet transfusion should not be performed routinely in all thrombocytopenia patients, rather it should be indicated only if bleeding manifestations are present. Anemia, pancytopenia and leucopenia are other frequent laboratory findings of malaria infection.
Ozone discolysis in lumbar disc prolapse
Authors: Charan Rajat , Runu Ritesh , Kumar Animesh , Chauhan Himanshu
Published: May 2017

Background: Treatment of low back ache due to prolapsed intervertebral disc is still controversial. Several conservative modalities are available with varied results. Surgical discectomy may lead to failed back syndrome due to change in vertebral column anatomy and its mechanics. To prevent it, conservative means are better and Ozone discolysis is one of the nonsurgical methods. The indications and effectiveness of this condition is not well defined. The present study was done to correlate the clinical outcome of this technique.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 67 patients presenting with symptoms of back pain with arid without radicular symptoms. X ray and MRI were done in all cases. Then intradiscal ozone gas was given at one level from a specialized machine under C arm guidance. For evaluation Oswestry disability index and Macnab scoring system was used. Post injection patients were evaluated at 2, 6 weeks and 6 months.

Results: Sixty seven patients with mean age of 47.7 years were followed up for 7.8 months. Low back pain was the commonest symptom and SLR was positive in 5.36%. The modified Macnab scoring with good and fair score improved from 16% to 89% and Oswestry disability index with minimal and moderate disability improved from 41% to 91% at end of 6 months. Seven patients had relapse of pain due to repeat disc prolapse.

Conclusions: Ozone discloses is better modality of treatment for low back pain with disc bulge and early disc prolapsed.

 
Ethno-Religious Pluralism and Sustainable National Development: The Nigeria Experience
Authors: Eneji C.V.O. , Ntamu G.U. , Asor Love Joseph
Published: May 2017

Ethno-religious pluralism and sustainable national development in Nigeria seem a paradox as well as an unattainable goal. Lives and properties have been wantonly destroyed with unabated zeal without due consideration to our common humanity. Resources that would have lifted the poor and underprivileged to higher levels of existence are regularly wasted in restoring damaged infrastructures. The Nigerian experience appears bleak without any hope in the horizon. This paper examines how these serious but intangible phenomena have bedeviled Nigeria as a nation. The study was carried out in sixteen Nigerian Universities. The research sample was made up of 800 lecturers from sixteen Nigerian University divided into north and south. The sampling technique adopted was the multi staged random sampling technique; data was collected through the use of structured questionnaire administered directly by the researchers and 10 research assistants over a period of 3 months. Two research questions and two hypotheses were designed to guide the study. After coding the data generated from the field using the research instrument, data was subjected to independent t-test analysis. Results obtained show that Muslim staff  religious tolerance (15.9>8.2); this produced t-value of 33.9 with a p-value higher than the .05 significance level with 798 degree of freedom, this implies that religious tolerance does significantly influence sustainable national development. The result of the second hypothesis also shows that mean score for north is slightly greater than the mean score for south (11.86>10.73); this produced t-value of 2.41with a p-value higher than the .05 significance level with 798 degree of freedom. This implies ethnocentrism (religious pluralism and ethnicity) has significant influence on sustainable national development in Nigeria. The authors concluded that despite the religious pluralism as is observed in Nigeria, Nigerians can still live peacefully among the different ethnic nationalities and carry out sustainable national development. It was however recommended that leaders should make their followers understand that Nigeria is a country for all of us and as such every citizen has equal rights and privileged to govern or lead and every leader should give equal opportunities to every sector of the country.
Effets à court terme du feu et du pâturage sur la qualité fourragère d’une savane àHeteropogon contortus du sud-ouest de Madagascar
Authors: Rakotoarimanana Vonjison , Grouzis Michel
Published: May 2017

Une étude expérimentale sur le rôle du feu et du pâturage a été conduite dans la région de Sakaraha (sud-ouest de Madagascar). L’objectif a été d’évaluer les effets conjugués ou séparés du feu appliqué selon différentes modalités (sans feu, feu précoce, feu tardif) et du pâturage (non pâturé, pâturé) sur l’évolution de la qualité fourragère d’une savane à Heteropogon contortus et Poupartia caffra. L’appréciation de cette qualité fourragère a été réalisée en étudiant la valeur pastorale et la valeur fourragère. Une étude diachronique a permis de montrer (a) une augmentation de la valeur pastorale par les feux et une diminution de celle-ci par le pâturage, (b) une augmentation des teneurs de l’ensemble des paramètres de la valeur fourragère des herbages en fonction des feux et du pâturage. La valeur pastorale et la valeur fourragère de cette savane sont deux indices qui évoluent généralement dans le même sens sous l’influence du feu.
Influence des facteurs non génétiques sur la production laitière journalière des vaches Frisonnes à la station de Mahwa (sud du Burundi)
Authors: Hatungumukama G. , Leroy P. L. , Detilleux J.
Published: May 2017

Entre 1991 et 2003, 75 650 données sur la production laitière journalière de vaches Frisonnes de la station de Mahwa ont été collectées pour étudier les effets de la durée de lactation, de l’âge au vêlage, de l’année et du mois de lactation, et de la parité sur cette production. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide d’un modèle linéaire (procédure GLM de SAS). Tous les facteurs ont influencé significativement la production laitière (P < 0,001). La moyenne générale a été de 8,71 l/jour. La production laitière a suivi la courbe théorique de lactation avec un pic de lactation de 11,48 ± 0,20 l/jour au 15e jour de lactation. L’âge au vêlage a influencé la production, avec des coefficients de régression linéaire et quadratique de –0,26 l/mois et 0,0052 l/mois² en première parité, de 0,49 l/mois et –0,0056 l/mois² en deuxième parité, et de –0,22 l/mois et 0,0013 l/mois² en troisième (et plus) parité. La production laitière a diminué au cours des années de lactation avec la chute la plus importante en 1993. Elle a atteint un minimum en 1995 avec 6,91 ± 0.17 l/jour et un maximum en 1991 avec 15,55 ± 0,45 l/jour. Elle a été significativement plus élevée en février (9,75 ± 0,13 l/jour) au milieu de la saison pluvieuse qu’en septembre (7,60 ± 0,13 l/jour) en fin de saison sèche. La moyenne des moindres carrés pour la production laitière journalière a été respectivement de 11,47 ± 0,30, 5,23 ± 0,09, et 10,11 ± 0,06 l/jour en première, deuxième et troisième (et plus) lactation.
Facteurs de variation non génétique de la productivité des brebis de race Noire de Thibar
Authors: Ben Salem I. , Rekik M. , Hammami H. , Ben Hamouda M. , Aloulou R. , Sâadoun L.
Published: May 2017

Afin de mesurer les performances reproductives et de productivité (poids total de la portée) de la brebis Noire de Thibar, et de déterminer l’influence de facteurs non génétiques sur ces paramètres, une base de données initiale, constituée par 101 000 agneaux contrôlés pour leur croissance dans le cadre du programme national d’amélioration des ovins à viande, a été utilisée. Une base de données indexée par brebis a ensuite été générée avec un total de 64 137 agnelages représentant 12 années (1991-2002), 25 fermes et 48 troupeaux. Le taux de mise bas moyen dans les troupeaux de la race Noire de Thibar a été de 80,1 ± 12,9 p. 100 avec des effets importants (p < 0,001) de la ferme et de l’année de mise bas. A la naissance, la taille de portée moyenne par brebis mettant bas a atteint 1,32 ± 0,47 ; elle a baissé à 1,23 ± 0,55 à 70 jours après l’agnelage. Toutes les principales sources de variation retenues dans le modèle (ferme, année de mise bas, mois de mise bas et âge de la brebis), ainsi que leurs interactions ont significativement affecté la taille de la portée aux différents stades après la mise bas. La survie des agneaux par portée entre la naissance et 70 jours a été observée pour 89,9 p. 100 des brebis ; seulement 5,8 p. 100 des brebis ont perdu la totalité des agneaux de leur portée. Une analyse de la variance a révélé que les facteurs année de mise bas, mois de mise bas, âge de la brebis, sexe de la portée et taille de la portée ont eu un effet très significatif sur les proportions de brebis présentant des niveaux différents de survie des agneaux au sein de la portée. En moyenne, la productivité des brebis Noires de Thibar à 10, 30 et 70 jours après l’agnelage a été respectivement de 6,6 ± 2,2, 10,3 ± 3,5 et 18,6 ± 6,6 kg. Les principales sources de variations (ferme, année de mise bas, mois de mise bas, âge de la brebis et taille de la portée), ainsi que certaines interactions de deuxième niveau ont eu des effets significatifs (p < 0,001) sur les caractères de productivité étudiés. La catégorie des brebis âgées de quatre ans ayant eu des portées de triplets tous mâles a été associée aux niveaux de productivité les plus élevés à 70 jours. Ce travail préliminaire sur les caractères reproductifs et de productivité des brebis Noires de Thibar est essentiel à l’élaboration d’un index de sélection femelle qui pourra être incorporé dans un éventuel schéma d’amélioration génétique de cette race.
Le dilemme de l'élevage ovin extensif dans les régions élevées du nord-ouest, semi-aride tunisien
Authors: Rekik M. , Mahouachi M. , Gharbi M. , Attia W. , Medhioub L.
Published: May 2017

Deux sites de montagne à bioclimat semi-aride du nord-ouest de la Tunisie ont été choisis afin de caractériser les systèmes extensifs de production ovine. Les systèmes de production rencontrés ont été de type sédentaire, étroitement liés à la production céréalière; l'usage des parcours a disparu au profit d'une extension de la culture d'orge accompagnée d'une utilisation de jachères sur des terres en pente de faible fertilité. De plus en plus confinés sur des espaces réduits, les troupeaux, en général de petite taille, étaient tributaires de stratégies alimentaires peu efficaces et étaient caractérisés par de faibles performances technico-économiques. Cet élevage était en outre handicapé par le soutien financier très précaire des agriculteurs-éleveurs, eux-mêmes vulnérables vis-à-vis des conditions climatiques et économiques. Face à des difficultés d'extension dans l'espace ou d'augmentation des effectifs, l'élevage ovin dans ces zones a été confronté à la nécessité d'accroître sa productivité. Des recommandations qui tiennent compte du contexte technico-économique particulier des exploitations agricoles de la zone sont proposées.
Une approche des coûts de production des semences fourragères dans la zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun
Authors: Onana Joseph , Yonkeu Samuel
Published: May 2017

Les coûts de production des semences de sept légumineuses fourragères ont été évalués en zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun. Ils étaient inférieurs à 1.000 FCFA/kg pour Calopogonium mucunoides, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium distorturn, Mucuna pruriens et Stylosanthes hamata (1 FCFA = 0, 01 FF). La production de semences de Centrosema pascuorum et de Macroptilium lathyroides, avec des coûts respectifs de 1.890 et de 3.025 FCFA/kg, ne semble pas adaptée à la vulgarisation dans la zone de l'étude.
Spermogramme de béliers Peuls bicolores et Touaregs : influence du type génétique et de la saison
Authors: Issa M. , Yenikoye A. , Marichatou Hamani , Banoin M.
Published: May 2017

Les paramètres morphologiques du sperme ont été étudiés en station expérimentale chez six béliers de race Peule bicolore et cinq béliers de race Touareg du Niger pendant trois années consécutives. Le sperme a été collecté au vagin artificiel une fois par mois et par bélier après deux éjaculations par séance. Les moyennes (plus ou moins l’écart-type) obtenues pour les différents paramètres étudiés ont été respectivement chez les béliers Peuls et Touaregs : poids vif 47,75 ± 3,75 kg et 49,98 ± 2,99 kg, volume de sperme 1,73 ± 0,36 ml et 1,78 ± 0,33 ml, motilité massale 4 ± 0,61 et 3 ± 0,49, concentration en spermatozoïdes 4 265 x 106 ± 762 x 106 spz/ml et 4 953 x 106 ± 583 x 106 spz/ml, nombre de spermatozoïdes totaux 7 469 x 106 ± 2 382 x 106 spz et 8 877 x 106 ± 2 323 x 106 spz, pourcentage de spermatozoïdes morts 12 ± 10 p. 100 et 19 ± 19 p. 100, pourcentage de spermatozoïdes anormaux 13 ± 12 p. 100 et 17 ± 11 p. 100. Le poids moyen des béliers Touaregs a été significativement (p < 0,05) plus élevé que celui des béliers Peuls. Chez les deux races la saison sèche fraîche a affecté de manière significative et négative le poids vif (p < 0,05). Le volume moyen de sperme éjaculé n’a pas été différent entre les deux races sauf au cours des mois de juillet et août (p < 0,05). Pour les autres paramètres étudiés, des différences significatives ont été trouvées entre les races (p < 0,05). Les béliers Peuls sont apparus plus sensibles aux variations du climat sahélien que les béliers Touaregs. Dans les conditions expérimentales de ce travail (bon suivi en station), la fertilité des béliers des deux races est restée bonne toute l’année par rapport aux normes requises. Ceci laisse entrevoir une possibilité de mise au mâle des brebis toute l’année. Il serait utile de connaître ultérieurement l’impact des conditions d’élevage traditionnel, de la saison et de l’individu sur les paramètres de fertilité des mâles et des femelles, et donc sur la productivité numérique du troupeau.
Campylobactériose génitale bovine dans le Pantanal, Etat du Mato Grosso do Sul, Brésil
Authors: Pellegrin A. O. , Lage A. P. , Sereno J. R.B. , Ravaglia E. , Costa M. S. , Leite R. C.
Published: May 2017

La prévalence de la campylobactériose génitale bovine a été estimée chez des taureaux au Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brésil. La recherche des anticorps par immunofluorescence directe a été effectuée avec les prélèvements des lavages des prépuces de 327 taureaux appartenant à 19 élevages. Ce test a révélé 170 taureaux (52,3 p. 100) positifs, provenant de 17 élevages (89,5 p. 100). Il n’y a pas eu de différence dans le nombre de taureaux positifs lorsque les différents groupes d’âge ont été considérés. En revanche, il y a eu une différence significative dans les élevages de plus de 15 000 ha (χ2 = 6,40 ; df = 1 ; P = 0,01), avec un risque relatif estimé de 1,33 (1,07 < RR < 1,66), par rapport aux élevages de 15 000 ha ou plus petits. Ces résultats ont indiqué que la campylobactériose génitale bovine était répandue dans la région étudiée et était probablement liée au mode de gestion des troupeaux.
Caractérisation zootechnique des ovins de race Sardi au Maroc
Authors: Chikhi A. , Boujenane I.
Published: May 2017

Un total de 811 performances de reproduction, 1 430 poids de toison, 1 024 performances de croissance et de viabilité, et 154 performances d’engraissement et d’abattage des ovins de race Sardi ont été analysées. Ces performances ont été collectées durant sept campagnes allant de 1993-1994 à 1999-2000 au domaine expérimental de Déroua à l’Institut national de la recherche agronomique. L’analyse des données a montré que les brebis avaient une durée de la gravidité de 151 jours, un taux de fertilité de 98 p. 100, des tailles de portée à la naissance et au sevrage (90 jours) respectivement de 1,29 et 1,25, et des poids de portée à la naissance et au sevrage respectivement de 5,30 et 27,9 kg. Les agneaux ont pesé 4,10 kg à la naissance, 10,9 kg à 30 jours et 22,5 kg à 90 jours. La vitesse de croissance moyenne a été de 224 g/j de la naissance à 30 jours et de 194 g/j entre 30 et 90 jours. Le taux de mortalité entre la naissance et 90 jours des agneaux a été de 7 p. 100. Après un engraissement postsevrage d’une durée moyenne de 66,4 jours, les agneaux nés simples ont réalisé un gain de poids moyen quotidien de 283 g/j et un indice de consommation de 4,87 kg d’aliment/kg de gain de poids. Abattus à l’âge moyen de 168 jours, ils ont réalisé un poids vif à l’abattage de 45,5 kg, un poids de carcasse chaude de 23,2 kg, un rendement économique de 50,9 p. 100 et un poids du gras de rognon de 295 g. Il a été conclu que la race Sardi a de très bonnes potentialités qu’il est possible d’exploiter pour l’augmentation de la production de viande au Maroc.
Principes, méthodes de la recherche en partenariat : une proposition pour la traction animale
Authors: Chia Eduardo
Published: May 2017

La rencontre des chercheurs qui s’interrogent sur l’efficacité de leurs interventions pour accompagner les acteurs dans les processus de changement constitue une occasion pour s’interroger sur les méthodes de recherche à développer lors de travaux réalisés avec les acteurs : recherche participative, « recherche-action », recherche intervention... L’auteur propose de présenter la démarche de recherche-action comme nouvelle. Si les trois phases de la recherche-action sont importantes, la phase de négociation est capitale car elle permet la formalisation du contrat entre les partenaires (cadre éthique), la fabrication d’un langage commun, et la formalisation d’une problématique structurante entre chercheurs de disciplines différentes et acteurs. Dans la démarche de recherche-action, des dispositifs de gouvernance (comité scientifique…) jouent un rôle très important : ils sont à la fois garants de la résolution des problèmes et de la production, et de la légitimation des connaissances scientifiques produites. En conclusion sont proposées des pistes pour construire des recherches-action dans le domaine de la traction animale, afin d’imaginer de nouvelles innovations sociotechniques et organisationnelles pour faciliter l’utilisation de cette technique.
Traitement insecticide des bovins contre les glossines par pédiluve en conditions expérimentales
Authors: Bouyer Jérémy , Stachurski Frédéric , Gouro Abdoulaye , Lancelot Renaud
Published: May 2017

L’étude du comportement des arthropodes vecteurs peut aboutir à la mise au point de méthodes de lutte innovantes et économiques pour les éleveurs. Ainsi, le traitement ciblé de l’extrémité des membres des bovins par pédiluve acaricide permet-il d’éliminer les tiques Amblyomma variegatum (Acari : Ixodidae) capturées au pâturage avant qu’elles n’accèdent à leurs sites de fixation définitifs. Les auteurs ont récemment montré qu’avec une solution d’α-cyperméthrine, le traitement pédiluve était aussi efficace qu’une pulvérisation intégrale pour lutter contre Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossinidae) et G. palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank 1949. Ils ont comparé ici en conditions expérimentales (cages et étable moustiquaire) l’efficacité d’une formulation de deltaméthrine (Vectocid) administrée par pulvérisation intégrale, partielle, ou par pédiluve, efficacité qui s’est traduite par la paralysie de ces deux espèces et de G. morsitans submorsitans Newstead 1910 lorsqu’elles ont été mises en présence des animaux traités. Lors de l’exposition aux glossines en cage, le taux de paralysie des glossines exposées aux bovins imprégnés par pédiluve a été similaire à celui obtenu par pulvérisation partielle (p = 0,062) mais inférieur à celui obtenu par aspersion complète (p < 10−3). En volières, il a été inférieur à celui des deux autres modalités de traitement (p < 10−3). Malgré cela, la mortalité due au pédiluve, calculée sur 15 jours avec une fréquence de traitement de trois jours, est restée supérieure à celle nécessaire pour obtenir l’extinction d’une population isolée de glossines (3 p. 100 j−1). Cette technique pourrait donc être efficace dans la lutte préventive contre les trypanosomoses bovines transmises par les glossines dans certaines conditions.
As ciências sociais brasileiras e a formação do “campo da segurança pública”
Authors: Vasconcelos Francisco Thiago Rocha
Published: May 2017

Neste trabalho abordamos a formação do “campo da segurança pública”, entendido como convergência nacional entre espaços acadêmicos e arenas de políticas públicas nos anos 2000. Procuramos demonstrar sua formação através da intersecção das trajetórias intelectuais e políticas de uma fração hegemônica de cientistas sociais comprometidos com a institucionalização das ciências sociais e com as mobilizações que constituíram a “violência urbana” como problema público desde os anos 1970, quando emergem diferentes agendas políticas presentes nas disputas pela reforma do sistema de justiça criminal. Em consequência, constata-se que há uma relação de mútua influência entre as coalizões de reforma dos campos político-burocráticos em direitos humanos e segurança pública e as agendas de pesquisa sobre a “questão criminal” no Brasil.
A construção social do tempo no cotidiano de bebês na família e na creche
Authors: Silva Lucélia de Almeida , Müller Fernanda
Published: May 2017

O objetivo do artigo é analisar o uso do tempo de dois bebês no contexto familiar e em uma creche pública. Para a geração de dados foi utilizado o Diário de Uso do Tempo e entrevistas com as mães dos bebês. Dentre as atividades cotidianas dos bebês, elegemos o sono para análise e recorremos ao quadro conceitual de Erving Goffman. Ao compararmos o uso do tempo de ambos os bebês nos diferentes contextos observamos que o sono, mais que uma necessidade biológica, também é socialmente regulado por rotinas e rituais que configuram o ethos da situação social. Em casa a organização do tempo seguiu tanto as necessidades do bebê quanto a organização social da família. Na creche houve uma estruturação mais rígida do tempo.
The Influence of Job demand On Burnout with Job Resource and Personal Resource as moderator: Study on PT Kusumaputra Santosa Karanganyar
Authors: Oktarina Ardianti Nur , Harsono Mugi
Published: May 2017

The aim of this research was to analyse the effect of job demand on burnout and to analyse the moderators (job resource and personal resource) effect on the relationship between job demand and burnout. This research used quantitative research method with 232 peoples sample respondents. Data analysis techniques were using multiple linear regression and MRA (Moderating Regression Analysis) to determine the effect of moderators. The results of this research are follows: 1) Job demand has a significant positive effect on burnout, and tested on every Job demand dimensions (Qualitative demand, quantitative demand, and organizational demand) positively affects burnout significantly. 2) Job resources become moderation predictor of job demand on burnout. Meanwhile, when tested on every dimension of job demand (Qualitative demand, quantitative demand, organizational demand), then can be concluded Job resource becomes moderation quasi in qualitative demand on burnout, and job resource becomes moderation predictor in quantitative demand on burnout, job resource becomes moderation predictor in organizational demand on burnout. 3) Personal resources become moderation predictor between job demand on burnout. Meanwhile, when tested on every dimension of job demand (Qualitative demand, quantitative demand, organizational demand), then showed Personal Resource becomes moderation quasi on qualitative demand on burnout, and Personal resource becomes moderation predictor in quantitative demand on burnout, Personal resource becomes moderation predictor in organizational demand on burnout.
The Role Of Corporate Brand Image And Service Quality On Client Satisfaction With Perceived Value As Mediating Variable (A Study In The Construction Of Civil Registration Service Building, Surakarta)
Authors: Suryo Ibnu , Riani Asri Laksmi
Published: May 2017

This research aims to understand the effect of brand image and service quality on employee’s satisfaction who is involved in the committee or Committee of Work Result Receiver (Panitia Penerima Hasil Pekerjaan - PPHP) in a construction project of civil registration service building in Surakarta, conducted by PT. Karsa Bayu Bangun Perkasa and PT. Surya Bayu Sejahtera, as well as to examine the role of perceived value as mediating variable. We distribute research questionnaires to 30 institution staffs. The data is examined using Structural Equation Model (SEM) to measure the role of corporate brand image and service quality with perceived value as mediating variable on client satisfaction. The result shows that corporate brand image has a significant direct effect on perceived value and client satisfaction, service quality also has a significant direct effect on perceived value and client satisfaction. Perceived value has a significant direct effect on client satisfaction. Meanwhile, corporate brand image has an indirect effect on client satisfaction through perceived value. However, service quality does not have an indirect effect on client satisfaction through perceived value, which means perceived value does not mediate the effect of service quality on client satisfaction.