bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of broadband and monochromatic photopic negative response in eyes of patients with diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy and different stages of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Banerjee Aniruddha , Pandurangan Karthika , Joe Amose , Sachidanandam Ramya , Sen Parveen
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the change in broadband (W/W), red on blue (R/B), and blue on yellow (B/Y) photopic negative response (PhNR) in patients with diabetes mellitus with no diabetic retinopathy (no DR) and different stages of DR and compare it with age-matched controls. This study was performed to provide a single PhNR protocol that can be used for early diagnosis of DR.

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional case-control study done in a hospital setup. Patients with diabetes with no DR and different stages of DR with no other associated ocular pathologies were included. Age-matched controls with no retinal pathologies were also included for comparison. All subjects underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and W/W, R/B, and B/Y electroretinography. Fifty control eyes and 52 treatment naïve eyes of 52 patients with diabetes [no DR = 11, mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) =11, moderate NPDR = 10, severe NPDR = 9, and proliferative DR = 11] were included in the study.

Results:

On comparing the ERG responses in patients with diabetes and age-matched controls, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) was noted in the amplitudes of a-wave (39.78 ± 11.34 μV vs. 67.28 ± 12.88 μV), b-wave (116.25 ± 45.25 vs. 134.39 ± 28.78 μV), W/W PhNR (33.86 ± 17.33 vs. 67.18 ± 15.99 μV), R/B PhNR (28.77 ± 15.85 vs. 53.48 ± 14.15 μV), and B/Y PhNR (55.04 ± 32.63 vs. 104.79 ± 24.37 μV). Post
hoc analysis revealed that all the eyes in the diabetic group, including those with no DR, had a significantly reduced PhNR amplitude (P < 0.05) when compared with controls. PhNR was found to reduce in amplitude with increasing severity of DR (P < 0.05), with more significance in B/Y. Receiver operating characteristic showed highest area under the curve in B/Y PhNR (94%, P < 0.001), with maximum sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 87%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Changes in the amplitude and implicit time of ERG can reflect the severity of DR. PhNR amplitudes, especially B/Y PhNR, appear to be significantly reduced even in eyes with no DR.
Measurement of Caval Aorta Diameter Index by Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Normal Indian Population
Authors: Sompura Shailendra , Sangareddi Venkatesan , Swaminathan N.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Bedside ultrasonography is a promising noninvasive and rapid technique to assess body fluid status. Early detection of hypovolemia and hypervolemia is crucial to guide management in critically ill patients. There is a considerable demographic variability in the normal range of inferior vena cava dimensions as seen in numerous studies and a steadfast formula to calculate caval diameter based on demographic parameters and body growth is not available till date. Caval aorta diameter index had a positive correlation with invasively measured central venous pressure as established by previous studies done in intensive care units. The simplicity of examination technique makes this index useful in every situation where body fluid status has therapeutic and prognostic implications. This study aims to identify standard normal measurement of caval aorta index by easily available two-dimensional echocardiography in subcostal view and by right coronal approach/transhepatic view in different age groups in Indian patients.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and two patients referred for routine cardiac status evaluation who were asymptomatic and clinically normal without any major medical illness with normal echocardiogram were prospectively analyzed and caval aorta index assessed in both subxiphoid and transhepatic right coronal view.

Results:

Normal caval aorta index measured in subcostal view was 1.108 ± 0.076 and measured in transhepatic view was 1.101 ± 0.082 (mean ± 2 standard deviation). The difference of caval aorta index measured in both views was not significant statistically (P = 0.207).

Conclusion:

In this study, we provide a normal reference level for sonographic caval aorta index in Indian population measured in subxiphoid and transhepatic views. We also conclude that transhepatic right coronal view measurements for this index are comparable to subcostal view, so both views can be used alternatively when one window is suboptimal.
Magnifying the importance of collecting race, ethnicity, industry, and occupation data during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gudi Sai Krishna , George Sophia M. , Tiwari Komal Krishna
Published: November 2021

The contagiousness of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) led to the imposition of historical lockdowns in various countries. No scientific mind could have made accurate projections of the tremendous impact that COVID-19 would have on nations, communities, and the global-wide economy. Meanwhile, millions of workers have lost their jobs, while healthcare workers are overwhelmed and are reaching a state of mental and physical exhaustion. With the uncontrollable spread, researchers have been working to identify factors associated with COVID-19. In this regard, race, ethnicity, industry, and occupation have been found to be predominant factors of interest. However, unfortunately, the unavailability of such information has been a difficult reality. Since race, ethnicity, and employment are essential social determinants of health and could serve as potential risk-factors for COVID-19, collecting such information may offer important context for prioritising vulnerable groups. Thus, this perspective aims to highlight the importance and need for collecting race, ethnicity, and occupation-related data to track and treat the racial/ethnic groups that have been most strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Collecting such data will provide valuable insights and help public health officials recognise workplace-related outbreaks and evaluate the odds of various ethnic groups and professions contracting COVID-19.
Real-world incidence of endopthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in Korea: findings from the Common Data Model in ophthalmology
Authors: Mun Yongseok , You Seng Chan , Lee Da Yun , Kim Seok , Chung Yoo-Ri , Lee Kihwang , Song Ji Hun , Park Young Gun , Park Young Hoon , Roh Young-Jung , Woo Se Joon , Park Kyu Hyung , Park Rae Woong , Yoo Sooyoung , Chang Dong-Jin , Park Sang Jun
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections using data from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM).METHODS: Patients with endophthalmitis that developed within 6 weeks after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were identified in 3 large OMOP CDM databases.RESULTS: We identified 23,490 patients who received 128,123 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. The incidence rates of endophthalmitis were 15.75 per 10,000 patients and 2.97 per 10,000 injections. The incidence rates of endophthalmitis for bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept (per 10,000 injections) were 3.64, 1.39, and 0.76, respectively. The annual incidence has remained below 5.00 per 10,000 injections since 2011 despite the increasing number of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Bevacizumab presented a higher incidence rate for endophthalmitis than ranibizumab and aflibercept (incidence rate ratio, 3.17; p=0.021).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections has stabilized since 2011 despite the explosive increase in anti-VEGF injections. The off-label use of bevacizumab accounted for its disproportionately high incidence of endophthalmitis. The OMOP CDM, which includes off-label uses, laboratory data, and a scalable standardized database, could provide a novel strategy to reveal real-world evidence, especially in ophthalmology.
Critical care management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy: the pre-, peri- and post-partum stages
Authors: Phoophiboon Vorakamol , Pachinburavan Monvasi , Ruamsap Nicha , Sanguanwong Natthawan , Jaimchariyatam Nattapong
Published: November 2021

The mortality rate of pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy is 25%–56%. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is the highest incidence among this group, especially in young women. Despite clear recommendation of pregnancy avoidance, certain groups of patients are initially diagnosed during the gestational age step into the third trimester. While the presence of right ventricular failure in early gestation is usually trivial, it can be more severe in the late trimester. Current evidence shows no consensus in the management and serious precautions for each stage of the pre-, peri- and post-partum periods of this specific group. Pulmonary hypertension-targeted drugs, mode of delivery, type of anesthesia, and some avoidances should be planned among a multidisciplinary team to enhance maternal and fetal survival opportunities. Sudden circulatory collapse from cardiac decompensation during the peri- and post-partum phases is detrimental, and mechanical support such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered for mitigating hemodynamics and extending cardiac recovery time. Our review aims to explain the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and summarize the current evidence for critical management and precautions in each stage of pregnancy.
Compression Techniques of Electrical Energy Data for Load Monitoring: A Review
Authors: Dahunsi F.M. , Somefun O. A. , Ponnle A.A. , Adedeji K.B.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the electric grid has experienced increasing deployment, use, and integration of smart meters and energy monitors. These devices transmit big time-series load data representing consumed electrical energy for load monitoring. However, load monitoring presents reactive issues concerning efficient processing, transmission, and storage. To promote improved efficiency and sustainability of the smart grid, one approach to manage this challenge is applying data-compression techniques. The subject of compressing electrical energy data (EED) has received quite an active interest in the past decade to date. However, a quick grasp of the range of appropriate compression techniques remains somewhat a bottleneck to researchers and developers starting in this domain. In this context, this paper reviews the compression techniques and methods (lossy and lossless) adopted for load  monitoring. Selected top-performing compression techniques metrics were discussed, such as compression efficiency, low reconstruction error, and encoding-decoding speed. Additionally reviewed is the relation between electrical energy, data, and sound compression. This review will motivate further interest in developing standard codecs for the compression of electrical energy data that matches that of other domains.
Influence of season on herd size and birth rate of small-holder goats in the Southern Guinea Savanna
Authors: Anoh K.U. , Abdulahi I. , Al-Habib I.K.
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of season on herd size and the birth rate of goats in Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of 54 households from 6 villages were used for the evaluation. Structured questionnaires on the socio-economic characteristics of the goat owners were administered. Data on the reproductive performance of goats were collected by visual appraisal. The data collected were on herd size, sex, number of pregnant goats, lactating goats and newly weaned kids. The result showed that more women (63.6%) were involved in goat rearing than males (36.4%), and about 91.6% of the respondents had a herd size of 1-20 goats, while only 8.4% had a herd size of 21-30. The goat herd distribution showed that the average herd size was 16.5goats, within the range of 7 to 30 goats. The herd structure was 391 females and 184 males. Three breeds of goats were identified, the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats being the dominant (397), followed by Maradi (Red Sokoto) breed (113), and the least was Pygmy breed (75). Season significantly influenced pregnancy and the number of lactating goats. There were more lactating goats during the cold-wet period and more pregnant goats during the hot-dry season. It was concluded that goat production is still at the peasant level, and goats were kept as a supplementary source of income. The conception rate was high during the cold-dry season, which was manifested in the hot-dry season. More awareness is still needed to increase the production of goats in the area. We recommend a reproduction program should be targeted during the cold-dry season where the conception rate is high.
El impacto emocional frente a la adaptación del Coronateaching en el estudiante
Authors: Acuña Morales Liza
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO:exponer el impacto emocional del Coronateaching en el estudiante universitario. MÉTODO: con enfoque mixto, un alcance descriptivo y un diseño de triangulación concurrente.RESULTADOS: los estudiantes necesitaron tiempo para adaptarse a la nueva modalidad virtual de aprendizaje, además dicha modalidad generó en ellos efectos emocionales tanto positivos cómo tranquilidad, felicidad, y satisfacción, cómo negativos, entre los cuales se puede mencionar el estrés, frustración, ansiedad, etc. Por esta razón se reconocen dos distintas perspectivas estudiantiles que responden a las brechas económicas de acceso a la educación en Guatemala. CONCLUSIÓN: el Coronateaching genera en los estudiantes más efectos emocionales negativos que positivos, tomando en cuenta que estos resultados dependen de la adaptación del estudiante frente al cambio de modalidad de aprendizaje y de las oportunidades económicas con las que tiene acceso a la educación.
Improving Oil Recovery Efficiency in Niger Delta Reservoirs Using Corn Starch as a Local Polymer
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Niger Delta University, PMB 071, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria., Eseimokumoh Imad Biboye
Published: November 2021

Polymer flooding is a chemical enhanced oil recovery method that improves the recovery of oil by controlling the mobility of water to oil phase. It uses polymer solutions to increase the viscosity of the displacing water thereby decreasing water/oil mobility ratio (Speight, 2013). The volumetric and displacement sweep efficiencies are positively affected by polymer flooding. The viscosity of the aqueous phase is increased due to the molecular size and structure of the polymer used. The main objective of this research was to study the ability of cornstarch (local polymer) to recover additional oil after conventional water flooding. The objective was successfully achieved by injecting four different unconsolidated samples (sand pack) with cornstarch solution at varying concentration of 500ppm, 1000ppm, 3000ppm, and 9000ppm. From the results of the experiment conducted, it was deduced that Cornstarch has the ability to recover an additional volume of oil about half the volume of oil recovered during conventional water flooding (i.e. if 50% of oil initially in place was recovered during water flooding, cornstarch can recover an additional 25% of the residual oil after water flooding). Also, higher concentrations of cornstarch reduce the recovery factor due to polymer adsorption on the rock surfaces which alters the rock wettability. To reduce the adsorption effect of Cornstarch, it is recommended that the concentration of Cornstarch be measured after the flooding experiments for a better understanding of the adsorption mechanism of cornstarch.
Foucauldian biopower, homo sacer and resistance under the Taliban rule in Afghanistan
Authors: Malik Tasleem , Jan Faizullah
Published: November 2021

This paper uses a qualitative discourse analysis to examine the plight of women under the Taliban rule in Afghanistan (1996-2001) as depicted in Siddiq Barmak’s film Osama. Contributing to the debates on the status of women during a regime of terror under the Taliban the paper uses Foucault’s biopolitics and Agamben’s concept of homo sacer to analyse how women under the Taliban rule were subjected to the technologies of control and regulation and reduced to bare lives stripped of their basic rights. It also critically examines resistance as depicted in the film as a survival strategy for women in the face of a tyrannical regime. The paper argues that though resistance, which is ‘a weapon of the weak,’ does not promise a change in the destiny, it still reflects the agency of women and a challenge to the hegemonic masculine order. We conclude by arguing that through the ‘use of memory’, as a mode of resistance the film sends out a message to all the stakeholders to keep in mind the atrocities and violence experienced by the people in Afghanistan, particularly women while striking any political deal with the Taliban.
A Review on Withania Somnifera for Its Potential Pharmacological Actions
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Rajasthan, India, Mathur Rajkumar , Mishra Amul ,   Dept. of Pharm. Sciences, B.N. University, Rajasthan, India
Published: November 2021

The herbal plants are used for treatment of various diseases because of their safety and effectiveness from ancient time. Withania somnifera is an important member of plant family Solanacea. Commonly known as Ashwagandha. It is found in throughout the drier parts of South East Asia including India, Bangladesh, Sri-Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, different parts of Australia, Africa and America. Withania somnifera is cultivated in many of the drier regions of India. In India, it is widely distributed in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab Gujarat and Rajasthan. Its roots, leaves, flowers, and pods contain carbohydrate, protein, aminoacids, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, oxalic acid, inorganic compounds, saponins and withanoloides. Pharmacological investigations have revealed the presence of several activities like antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypo cholesterolemic, anxiolytic, antitumor activity, anticancer, antifungal, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities. This article is an attempt to present the overview of pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies reported on Withania somnifera.
Can Sunlight Revolutionize the Light Therapy Technique
Authors:   Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3M 1B7, O Islam Ali
Published: November 2021

Throughout human history, the role of sunlight to sustain life on earth has been recognized. The contribution of sunlight starts with photosynthesis, promoting the growth of plants and crops, which then feed the entire lifecycle, humans being an integral part of the natural process. Interestingly, over 100 years ago as the plastic revolution began and everything natural started to be replaced with their artificial version, sunlight didn’t lose its appeal. Only recently, scientists started to think of the sun as a liability.
Scientific and methodological foundations of hygienic assessment and examination of digital educational content
Authors: Kuchma Vladislav R. , Yanushanets Olga I. , Petrova Natalya A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In a modern school, digital educational materials are widely used, implemented through electronic teaching aids. However, teachers in the learning process are not guided by the appropriate recommendations of hygienists. The purpose of the study is to substantiate hygienically significant parameters of digital educational content presented on devices equipped with a screen. Materials and methods. Hygienic observational, expert-analytical and physiological-hygienic studies were carried out to assess 460 electronic educational materials. Results. A number of indicators have been established that characterize the readability of educational materials of a digital school, four of which are regulated by the current sanitary legislation, and the rest are of a recommendatory nature. The assessment of the textual material made it possible to establish that the educational materials did not comply with the regulated and recommended hygienic requirements in all respects. The expert assessment showed that the hygienically not rationally designed educational material presented on the screens causes discomfort of the visual analyzer after working with it. Working with such material contributes to visual fatigue, at the same time, the use of hygienically rationally designed materials is characterized by positive trends in the state of the visual analyzer. Conclusion. A hygienically not rationally designed educational material presented on screens causes discomfort in the visual analyzer and promotes visual fatigue. Hygienic assessment and examination of used and developed digital educational content should be carried out in terms of text, color, illustrative design and design of electronic educational material.
Application of geoinformation technologies and remote sensing of the Earth to assess the impact of aridity of the territory on the water quality of small rivers
Authors: Kosarev Anton V. , Ivanov Dmitriy E. , Mikerov Anatoliy N. , Savina Kseniya A. , Valeev Timur K. , Suleimanov Raphail A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the work for preventive medicine is due to the need to assess the impact of climate aridity on the hygienic safety of drinking water. The aim of the work is to determine the influence of the degree of aridity of the arid regions of Russia on the hygienic safety of drinking water prepared from surface water sources. Materials and methods. The objects of the study are the water of small rivers located in the arid regions of the Saratov Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The content of pollutants in water was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry, and potentiometry. Satellite images for the implementation of remote sensing of the Earth are obtained in the geoinformation catalogue earthexplorer.usgs.gov. Image processing and mapping of the studied territories was carried out using the QGIS program, version 3.12.3. Results. Using the method of remote sensing of the Earth, it was revealed for the first time that the low-arid regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan correspond to positive NDMI values. In contrast, the areas of the Saratov region are characterized by negative NDMI values. For the first time, a statistically significant correlation has been established between the hygienic hazard caused by polluting chemicals in water, typical for arid territories and the change in the aridity index NDMI. Biogenic nitrogen, iron, and manganese make the most significant contribution to the formation of the non-carcinogenic danger of small river waters in the conditions of climate warming. Conclusion. We have shown for the first time using the remote sensing method of the Earth that low-arid regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan correspond to low positive values of the aridity index NDMI than for the areas of the Saratov region characterized by negative NDMI values. For the first time, a correlation was established between an increase in the degree of aridity of arid areas of Russia and an increase in non-carcinogenic health risk due to the use of drinking water prepared from surface water sources.
Study of changes in biochemical indices in workers employed in underground mining of chrome ore
Authors: Zemlyanova Marina A. , Peskova Ekaterina V. , Koldibekova Juliya V. , Pustovalova Olga V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Underground mining of chrome ores is characterized by constant exposure to chemical factors on production workers, leading to changes in critical organs and systems. The aim of the work was to study changes in some biochemical parameters in workers engaged in underground mining of chrome ores. Materials and methods included assessing the chromium content in the air of the working area and biological media of workers, the study of many biochemical parameters and protein fractions of blood serum, modelling of cause-and-effect relationships. Results. The workers of the observation group compared to the comparison group showed a significant (up to 1.5 times) increase in the level of chromium in the blood and urine, an increase in the level of IgE specific to chromium - up to 1.6 times, the activity of ALAT and γ-HT in the blood serum - up to 1.3 times, the level β2-microglobulins in serum and urine - up to 1.6 times, serum creatinine levels, slowing of GFR, increased serum AOA, β-globulins and γ-globulins levels. Conclusion. The constant presence of chromium compounds in the air of the working area of mineworkers leads to an elevated concentration of chromium in the blood and its excretion in the urine. The workers of the studied production showed an increase in the level of many laboratory indicators of adverse effects on the liver and kidneys, the immune and antioxidant systems. Changes in the protein fractions of blood serum were revealed in workers at the mine mining chromium ores.
Immunological and genetic indices in workers under long-term exposure to low-doses of acrylonitrile
Authors: Zaitseva Nina V. , Ulanova Tatyana S. , Dolgikh Oleg V. , Nurislamova Tatyana V. , Kazakova Olga A. , Maltseva Olga A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Nowadays there is very relevant research on the study of the characteristics of the impact on the health of workers of low levels of harmful factors (acrylonitrile) of production during long-term exposure. Aim of the study was to examine peculiarities of immunologic and genetic indices in workers under the long-term exposure to acrylonitrile in low doses. Materials and methods. Our research object was working area air (MPCw.ar.=0.5 mg/m3) and biological media (blood and exhaled air) of workers employed at industrial rubber manufacture. Acrylonitrile was determined via a non-invasive procedure in exhaled air with samples being concentrated on sorption tubes that were then analyzed with capillary gas chromatography. Blood samples were examined to determine contents of malonic dialdehyde, lymphocytes (absolute and relative activated T-lymphocytes CD3+CD25+, absolute and relative activated T-lymphocytes CD3+CD95+), cytokines (VEGF), oncomarkers (PSA), and adrenals hormones; to do that, we applied ELISA tests and flow cytometry. Results. Acrylonitrile was established to occur in working area air in concentrations varying within MPCw.ar. range (0.007-0.015 mg/m3) being 2-3 times higher than in air inside offices at the same enterprise. We obtained statistically significant linear dependence between concentrations of acrylonitrile in the air exhaled by workers (y) and their working experience (x) that was given with the following equation: y=0.00046+0.00027x. According to the results of the laboratory examination of the workers, violations of the antioxidant defense were established. Contents of malonic dialdehyde and steroid hormones including progesterone, estradiol, and hydrocortisone that were pathogenetically linked to each other were authentically up to 3.2 times higher in the test group than in the reference one (p<0.05). Risk for antioxidant protection disorders such as elevated malonic dialdehyde contents in blood plasma might occur in the test group was 1.58 times higher than in the reference one. Conclusion. We revealed certain peculiarities in polymorphism of PPARGC1A Gly482Ser rs8192678 gene, the variability of which contributes to the formation of pathology of the cardiovascular, endocrine systems, oncoproliferative states that increase the likelihood of these undesirable events.
Methodological approaches to assessment of the decline for health risk reduction from mosquito bites due to the application of repellents and insecticides
Authors: Shur Pavel Z. , Redko Svetlana V. , Khrushcheva Ekaterina V. , Fokin Vladimir A. , Vinogradova Arina I. , Khasanova Anna A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The use of repellents and insecticides is the most important method of protection against mosquitoes. In the scientific literature, there is practically no information about the risk from mosquito bitesl to human health due to the non-use of these funds. The information on the prevalence, infection of mosquito-carriers of infectious agents was studied; biological risks from non-use of repellents and insecticides. The aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the reduction of health risk from mosquito bites due to the use of repellent and insecticidal agents. Materials and methods. The methods of studying relevant scientific literature, analysis of statistical reporting data, the main stages of the methodology for assessing health risks were used. Results. The proposed methodological approaches have been tested in various scenarios for the use of repellents and insecticides in comparison with the averted risks associated with the development of infectious diseases carried by mosquitoes. Conclusion. For the implementation of methodological approaches, scenarios and parameters of the development of the situation with the use of repellents and insecticides or their non-use are proposed. Indicators of individual, population and prevented health risks were calculated, considering the severity of harm to health. The personal health risk of West Nile fever (WNF) and dirofilariasis in non-endemic areas without application repellents and insecticides is assessed as acceptable - 1.2•10-8 and 1.7•10-5, respectively. At the territory with constantly recorded WNV incidence, the application of repellents or insecticides diminished the population risk of contracting fever by ten times. The averted health risk is 0.297 cases per 2.8 million population. When using repellents or insecticides, the population risk of dirofilariasis is significantly reduced. The averted health risk is 8.8 cases per population of 579 103 people.
Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 on the Education of Low-Income Students in Khamariya, Nepal
Authors: Katyal Meghna , Charlton Andrea
Published: November 2021

This paper addresses the impacts COVID-19 is having on the learning of upper-primary students in a remote community in Nepal. These findings are based on interviews with 15 students in Khamariya— a small village with limited infrastructure and minimal access to technology. In this paper, the education system in Nepal before COVID-19 is discussed and compared with the current learning that is happening throughout the pandemic. The shortcomings of government solutions are discussed, the benefits of the pandemic on students' learning are evaluated, and the implications of changes in students’ learning due to the pandemic are analyzed. Overall, through the interviews, it has been determined that the education system in remote communities in Nepal before the pandemic was below standard. However, COVID-19 is exacerbating these negative aspects of the education system even further. The pandemic is specifically targeting impoverished students’ education. As well, it is increasing the gap between advantaged and disadvantaged students, which is contributing to the cycle of poverty.
MARTYR AL-ALAMA HAJ ALI MEKKI, A MARCH OF KNOWLEDGE AND JIHAD
Authors: MEKKI Hayat
Published: November 2021

He learned in the corner of the children of Sheikh Boudaoud (Daoud Al-Din) , ‎then moved to the corner of Sheikh Bin Ali Al-Sharif in Jabal Akbu, then he ‎moved to the corner of Sheikh Muhammad Abu Al-Qasim (Al-Hamil) to ‎study jurisprudence and monotheism and obtained a Certificate of principals in ‎jurisprudence and monotheism, especially the obligatory duties, then he ‎worked as an employee in the children's house of Sidi Sheikh Bin Al-Nazir ‎‎(Positively). He also worked as a teacher for a long time and called for building ‎schools and built some of them with his own money. He moved in many parts ‎of the country, performed the Hajj pilgrimage in 1935 AD, and during his ‎travels, he became acquainted with scholars. Evacuated like the leader Husseini, he was influenced by Imam Abdul Hamid ‎bin Badis and his case, he was exposed to several harassment by the colonial ‎authorities during World War II because of his activities in the Association of ‎Scholars Muslims and his land was confiscated and he was prevented from ‎practicing his activity, until the glorious liberation revolution broke out in ‎which he participated in it with all his might, despite his advanced age, he was ‎imprisoned in 1955 AD, and was martyred on April 24, 1959 AD by firing ‎squad.‎ Shot with his brothers the 74 martyrs in the battle of Kingfisher Mansoura. He ‎left one son and six daughters. The researcher who wrote the article is the ‎granddaughter of the martyr Allama to his eldest daughter, Lalla Barakam, born ‎in 1926 in Mansoura, Wilayat of Bordj Bou Arreridj, may God have mercy on ‎him, may his soul rest in peace, his immaculate body is buried in his hometown ‎in the village of Ahl Al-Hamra district of Mansoura. He also left in the cultural ‎field a rich library and manuscripts in Islamic jurisprudence and ordinances‎‎‎. Keywords: Hajj Ali Makki, Martyrs of the Revolution, March of Science and Jihad
ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR RATIONALIZING PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors: DJADI Faiza , BOUSHABA Latifa
Published: November 2021

Electronic Management is a contemporary administrative approach that carries in its philosophy the concept of paperless management. The electronic management and its application through highlighting the net had of electronic management and its application models in Algeria‎‎. Keywords: Electronic Management, Computer, Electronic Government.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SELF-TRANSCENDENCE AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: ZUGHAYER Lamia Yassin
Published: November 2021

The research problem lies in the following questions: What is the nature of the correlation between social communication skills and self-transcendence among middle school teachers, and does this relationship differ according to gender? Therefore, the current research aims to identify: 1-The social communication skills of middle school teachers. 2- Self-transcendence among middle school teachers. 3- The relationship between social communication skills and self- transcendence among middle school teachers 4 - The difference in the relationship between social communication skills and self-transcendence among middle school teachers according to the gender variable (male - female).For the purpose of verifying this, the scale of social communication skills prepared by Al-Samadoni and built according to the Reggio model, which includes (32) items, as well as the scale of self-transcendence prepared by Abdel Wahab, which includes (57) items, was used. The two scales were applied to a sample of (120) chosen by the random cluster method ,The results of the research showed that the social communication skills of middle school teachers were respectively social control, social expression and social sensitivity. As for self transcendence, it appeared that they enjoy a high level of self-transcendence, and that there is a statistically significant relationship between social communication skills and self-transcendence, and there are no differences in the relationship Between social communication skills and self-transcendence can be traced back to the gender variable, and in light of these results, the current research reached a set of recommendations and suggestions. Keywords: Social Communication Skills, Self-Transcendence, Middle School Teachers.
Promoção de Resiliência por meio da Tecnologia a partir das Instituições Científicas, Tecnológicas e de Inovação no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Silvio Bitencourt , Puffal Daniel Pedro , Flores Taís Müller
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho teórico-empírico busca examinar como a tecnologia promove resiliência, descrita como a meta-capacidade de lidar com situações adversas por meio de estratégias adaptativas, proativas e reativas, a partir de Instituições Científicas, Tecnológicas e de Inovação (ICT’s) no Brasil. Esta investigação é pautada em uma abordagem qualitativa e concentra-se em um único estudo de caso com múltiplas unidades de análise, além de ter como base a Aliança Estratégica para a Promoção da Inovação Tecnológica, integrada pela Associação Brasileira das Instituições de Pesquisa Tecnológica e Inovação (Abipti), pela Associação Nacional de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Engenharia das Empresas Inovadoras (Anpei) e pela Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores (Anprotec). Ou seja, a pesquisa se faz a partir das principais entidades que discutem e representam as ICT’s no Brasil, apoiada por uma análise jurídica das diferentes normas e documentos de referência que regulamentam as atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. As evidências obtidas demonstram que as ICT’s podem promover a resiliência em condições que permitam a sua operação no modelo de hélice quadrupla/quíntupla onde o governo, as empresas, a academia, a sociedade e o ambiente possam se conectar a partir das ICT’s em relações colaborativas, semelhantes à noção de inovação aberta que envolve o uso de fluxos de entrada e saída de conhecimento para acelerar a inovação, para o desenvolvimento de soluções, além do escopo que quaisquer organizações ou pessoas que fariam individualmente. Entretanto, os processos colaborativos são difíceis de desencadear e mantendo-se sem políticas que assegurem um ambiente cultural e institucional de apoio às ICT’s. Dessa forma, há, de fato, a emergência de um tipo de ICT 4.0 que promova resiliência por meio da tecnologia para enfrentar os novos desafios da chamada quarta revolução industrial que produzem uma era de disrupções, expressa por dinâmicas que se refletem em novas tecnologias, modelo de negócios, produtos e estratégias em empresas e/ou startups que visam sacudir uma indústria e alterar seus padrões competitivos.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ НАСТАВНИЧЕСТВА КАК ВОЗМОЖНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ РИСКОВ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО БИЛИНГВАЛЬНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ / MENTORING TECHNOLOGY AS A POSSIBLE WAY TO OVERCOME THE RISKS OF PRESCHOOL BILINGUAL EDUCATION
Authors: SARGSYAN INNA , TATKALO NINA
Published: November 2021

At the present stage bilingualism is an actual trend of the time. It should be noted that in Armenia in the methodology of teaching foreign languages this issue is practically not given due attention. The relevant state institutions do not deal with the issues of preschool bilingualism at the proper level. In the modern methodological literature, there is still no clear definition what age period can be considered an early start of language learning and what are the specific features of teaching during this period. Methods of control are not yet clearly developed. The methodology of accounting the extralinguistic factors has not been developed either. When studying the need for pre-school bilingual education, a new serious problem of continuity between preschool and school arises. The article presents the problems, the solution of which requires a great responsibility and professionalism.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS HABILIDADES PREDITORAS MATEMÁTICAS NAS SÉRIES INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Moraes Edvaldo Alves de , Cardoso Fabrício Bruno , Lopes Lígia Serrano
Published: November 2021

Este estudo, cujos pressupostos teóricos se alicerçam nas ciências cognitivas e nos estudos da Neuropsicopedagogia, teve como objetivo desenvolver, a partir da revisão de literatura integrativa, uma análise sobre o aporte de instrumentos de triagem e de avaliação acerca das habilidades matemáticas preditoras ou essenciais a serem desenvolvidas nas Séries Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, momento escolar crucial para embasar pressupostos nesta área de conhecimento cujas dificuldades de aprendizagem se fazem notórias. Os resultados revelaram não somente o quanto desafiador é este cenário, pois há carência de materiais ou instrumentos validados no nosso país a fim de impulsionar a aprendizagem matemática nas Séries Iniciais como também evidenciaram a necessidade de aprofundamento e impulso de estudos que contribuam e elevem a cientificidade deste tema ainda pouco explorado no Brasil.
EL AUTISMO EN LA JUVENTUD Y SU TRASFORMACIÓN SOCIAL A TRAVÉS DE LA MEDIACIÓN ARTÍSTICA
Authors: Nicolás Ortuño Rocío
Published: November 2021

Las dificultades de expresión verbal y simbólica que, por lo general, acompañan a las personas que padecen trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), complican su comprensión y relación con el contexto físico y social en el que se encuentran. En el presente artículo mostraremos un proyecto realizado con jóvenes autistas que desarrolla los principios metodológicos de la mediación artística. El propósito esencial de la propuesta es el de utilizar el arte como herramienta y medio para fomentar la expresividad de estos sujetos. Este proyecto mostrará el potencial latente del arte para promover la abstracción, imaginación y significación de nuestro entorno y del mundo que nos rodea y su especial efectividad y relevancia para los jóvenes con autismo.
FACTORES DE INCLUSIÓN/EXCLUSIÓN EDUCATIVA QUE INFLUYEN EN LAS TRAYECTORIAS ESCOLARES DE LOS ESTUDIANTES
Authors: Bernárdez-Gómez Abraham
Published: November 2021

Existen problemas educativos que son tan antiguos como la misma escuela y la exclusión de los estudiantes del sistema educativo es uno de ellos. A lo largo de la trayectoria escolar que los alumnos atraviesan numerosas experiencias y eventos que influyen en los diferentes procesos de inclusión y exclusión. Por ello, en este artículo se ha planteado como objetivo, indagar y explicitar los diferentes factores de inclusión/exclusión educativa que influyen en las trayectorias escolares de los estudiantes. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de literatura en las bases de datos de referencia en educación y, mediante la técnica del análisis de contenido se han señalado los diferentes factores y se han tratado de exponer. Los principales resultados que se encuentran hacen referencia a unos factores divididos en tres ámbitos o niveles, micro, meso y macrosocial, en los que se pueden categorizar las diferentes experiencias que atraviesan los estudiantes en su trayectoria. Sin embargo, se observa que están íntimamente ligadas.
The effect of lithology on the relationship between denudation rate and chemical weathering pathways
Authors: Bufe Aaron , Cook Kristen L. , Galy Albert , Wittmann Hella , Hovius Niels
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The denudation of rocks in mountain belts exposes a range of fresh minerals to the surface of the Earth that are chemically weathered by acidic and oxygenated fluids. The impact of the resulting coupling between denudation and weathering rates fundamentally depends on the types of minerals that are weathering. Whereas silicate weathering sequesters CO2, the combination of sulfide oxidation and carbonate dissolution emits CO2 to the atmosphere. Here, we combine the concentrations of dissolved major elements in stream waters with 10Be basin-wide denudation rates from 35 small catchments in eastern Tibet to elucidate the importance of lithology in modulating the relationships between denudation rate, chemical weathering pathways, and CO2 consumption or release. Our catchments span three orders of magnitude in denudation rate in low-grade flysch, high grade metapelites, and granitoid rocks. For each stream, we estimate the concentrations of solutes sourced from silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, and sulfide oxidation using a mixing model. We find that for all lithologies, cation concentrations from silicate weathering are largely independent of denudation rate, but solute concentrations from carbonates and, where present, sulfides increase with increasing denudation rate. With increasing denudation rates, weathering may, therefore, shift from consuming to releasing CO2 in both (meta)sedimentary and granitoid lithologies. We find that catchments draining high grade metamorphic rocks have systematically higher concentrations of sulfate from sulfide weathering than catchments containing weakly metamorphosed sediments. Moreover, our data provide tentative evidence that sulfate concentrations in these catchments are potentially more sensitive to denudation rate. We propose that changes in the sulfur oxidation state during prograde metamorphism of pelites in the mid-crust could lead to sulfate reduction that is even more complete than in low-grade sediments and provides a larger sulfide source for oxidation upon re-exposure of the rocks. In this case, the elevated concentration of sulfate in catchments draining high-grade metapelites would suggest that exposure of an increasing fraction of metamorphic rocks during orogenesis could lead to a boost in the release of CO2 that is independent of denudation rate.
Mean sea level and tidal change in Ireland since 1842: a case study of Cork
Authors: Pugh David T. , Bridge Edmund , Edwards Robin , Hogarth Peter , Westbrook Guy , Woodworth Philip L. , McCarthy Gerard D.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of regional changes in mean sea level and local changes in tides are crucial to inform effective climate adaptation. An essential element is the availability of accurate observations of sea level. Sea level data in the Republic of Ireland, prior to the establishment of the National Tide Gauge Network in the mid-2000s, are limited but belie a wealth of historical data available in archival form. In this study, we digitize records located in Cork Harbour, Ireland, from 1842 and show how short-duration (6–8 weeks), high-quality data with a large interval to the
present can accurately inform tidal and mean sea level changes. We consider error sources in detail. We estimate for the main M2 tidal constituent that the accuracy of these historical measurements is 1 % and 2 min for amplitude and phase, respectively, once adjustments for seasonal and nodal effects are made. Our mean sea level estimates are accurate to the 2 cm level, once adjustments for atmospheric and seasonal effects are made. Our results show tidal stability with a 2 % change in the amplitude of the M2 component, 4 min change in the phase over a period of 177 years, and mean sea level rise of 40 cm in the Cork Harbour area from 1842 to 2019, approximately in line with global mean sea level trends plus local glacial isostatic adjustment. More broadly, we show that with careful seasonal, nodal, and atmospheric corrections, together with knowledge of benchmark provenance, these historic, survey-oriented data can accurately inform of sea level changes.
O uso da terapia fotodinâmica na candidíase oral: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Canteiro Giovana Dias , Camargo Camila Carnichelli , Silva Evellyn Gonçalo da , Fernandes Juliana Rosa Soares , Vale Michele Cristina Silva do , Montesino André Chacon
Published: November 2021

A candidíase oral é a mais prevalente infecção fúngica encontrada na cavidade oral dos seres humanos. Mediante a possibilidade de resistência aos medicamentos antifúngicos, e seus efeitos colaterais, se torna necessário, o uso de novas práticas terapêuticas. A terapia fotodinâmica (PDT), se apresenta com bons resultados no controle, e tratamento da candidíase oral. O Objetivo deste estudo, é apresentar a importância da PDT, para o tratamento da candidíase oral. Método: revisão de literatura, caracterizada como descritiva e exploratória, a partir das bases de dados, MedLine, PubMed, Scielo, e Lilacs. Foram realizadas buscas em livros, artigos científicos, monografias, dissertações e teses, publicados entre 2011, e 2021. Os resultados sugerem que o uso da PDT, de maneira isolada possui potencial para o controle da candidíase oral de maneira satisfatória, todavia os melhores mais eficazes foram obtidos na associação da PDT, com a terapia convencional.