bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRACKING THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS
Authors: Zhu Rui , Guilbert Eric , Wong Man Sing
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon occurring in the urban areas or city-clusters is increasingly becoming a severe problem in the urbanization process. Previous research mainly rely on grid analysis techniques to study temperature data from images recorded at fixed time instants. The evolutionary process of UHI in both time and space has not been investigated yet. This research designs an object-oriented spatiotemporal model to reconstruct the evolution of UHI and provide a qualitative interpretation. Each UHI is modeled as a spatiotemporal field object with it own life cycle. Dynamic behavior of an UHI is defined by sequences of spatial changes (e.g. contraction or expansion) and topological transformations (e.g. merge or split). The model is implemented in an object-relational database and applied to air temperature data collected from weather stations every hour over three days. UHIs with their behavior were extracted from the data. Results suggest that the model can effectively track and provide a qualitative description of the UHI evolution.
A RELIABILITY EVALUATION SYSTEM OF ASSOCIATION RULES
Authors: Chen Jiangping , Feng Wanshu , Luo Minghai
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In mining association rules, the evaluation of the rules is a highly important work because it directly affects the usability and applicability of the output results of mining. In this paper, the concept of reliability was imported into the association rule evaluation. The reliability of association rules was defined as the accordance degree that reflects the rules of the mining data set. Such degree contains three levels of measurement, namely, accuracy, completeness, and consistency of rules. To show its effectiveness, the "accuracy-completeness-consistency" reliability evaluation system was applied to two extremely different data sets, namely, a basket simulation data set and a multi-source lightning data fusion. Results show that the reliability evaluation system works well in both simulation data set and the actual problem. The three-dimensional reliability evaluation can effectively detect the useless rules to be screened out and add the missing rules thereby improving the reliability of mining results. Furthermore, the proposed reliability evaluation system is applicable to many research fields; using the system in the analysis can facilitate obtainment of more accurate, complete, and consistent association rules.
IDENTIFYING THE LOCAL SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLAND THROUGH THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE
Authors: Wang Jiong , Zhan Qingming , Xiao Yinghui
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Current characterization of the Land Surface Temperature (LST) at city scale insufficiently supports efficient mitigations and adaptations of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) at local scale. This research intends to delineate the LST variation at local scale where mitigations and adaptations are more feasible. At the local scale, the research helps to identify the local SUHI (LSUHI) at different levels. The concept complies with the planning and design conventions that urban problems are treated with respect to hierarchies or priorities. Technically, the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite image products are used. The continuous and smooth latent LST is first recovered from the raw images. The Multi-Scale Shape Index (MSSI) is then applied to the latent LST to extract morphological indicators. The local scale variation of the LST is quantified by the indicators such that the LSUHI can be identified morphologically. The results are promising. It can potentially be extended to investigate the temporal dynamics of the LST and LSUHI. This research serves to the application of remote sensing, pattern analysis, urban microclimate study, and urban planning at least at 2 levels: (1) it extends the understanding of the SUHI to the local scale, and (2) the characterization at local scale facilitates problem identification and support mitigations and adaptations more efficiently.
MINING CO-LOCATION PATTERNS FROM SPATIAL DATA
Authors: Zhou C. , Xiao W. D. , Tang D. Q.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Due to the widespread application of geographic information systems (GIS) and GPS technology and the increasingly mature infrastructure for data collection, sharing, and integration, more and more research domains have gained access to high-quality geographic data and created new ways to incorporate spatial information and analysis in various studies. There is an urgent need for effective and efficient methods to extract unknown and unexpected information, e.g., co-location patterns, from spatial datasets of high dimensionality and complexity. A co-location pattern is defined as a subset of spatial items whose instances are often located together in spatial proximity. Current co-location mining algorithms are unable to quantify the spatial proximity of a co-location pattern. We propose a co-location pattern miner aiming to discover co-location patterns in a multidimensional spatial data by measuring the cohesion of a pattern. We present a model to measure the cohesion in an attempt to improve the efficiency of existing methods. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated by applying them on the publicly available spatial data of the city of Antwerp in Belgium. The experimental results show that our method is more efficient than existing methods.
TWO-GRAPH BUILDING INTERIOR REPRESENTATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Boguslawski P. , Mahdjoubi L. , Zverovich V. , Fadli F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Nowadays, in a rapidly developing urban environment with bigger and higher public buildings, disasters causing emergency situations and casualties are unavoidable. Preparedness and quick response are crucial issues saving human lives. Available information about an emergency scene, such as a building structure, helps for decision making and organizing rescue operations. Models supporting decision-making should be available in real, or near-real, time. Thus, good quality models that allow implementation of automated methods are highly desirable. This paper presents details of the recently developed method for automated generation of variable density navigable networks in a 3D indoor environment, including a full 3D topological model, which may be used not only for standard navigation but also for finding safe routes and simulating hazard and phenomena associated with disasters such as fire spread and heat transfer.
STRUCTURELESS BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT WITH SELF-CALIBRATION USING ACCUMULATED CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Cefalu A. , Haala N. , Fritsch D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Bundle adjustment based on collinearity is the most widely used optimization method within image based scene reconstruction. It incorporates observed image coordinates, exterior and intrinsic camera parameters as well as object space coordinates of the observed points. The latter dominate the resulting nonlinear system, in terms of the number of unknowns which need to be estimated. In order to reduce the size of the problem regarding memory footprint and computational effort, several approaches have been developed to make the process more efficient, e.g. by exploitation of sparsity or hierarchical subdivision. Some recent developments express the bundle problem through epipolar geometry and scale consistency constraints which are free of object space coordinates. These approaches are usually referred to as structureless bundle adjustment. The number of unknowns in the resulting system is drastically reduced. However, most work in this field is focused on optimization towards speed and considers calibrated cameras, only. We present our work on structureless bundle adjustment, focusing on precision issues as camera calibration and residual weighting. We further investigate accumulation of constraint residuals as an approach to decrease the number of rows of the Jacobian matrix.
NEW MICROWAVE-BASED MISSIONS APPLICATIONS FOR RAINFED CROPS CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Sánchez N. , Lopez-Sanchez J. M. , Arias-Pérez B. , Valcarce-Diñeiro R. , Martínez-Fernández J. , Calvo-Heras J. M. , Camps A. , González-Zamora A. , Vicente-Guijalba F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A multi-temporal/multi-sensor field experiment was conducted within the Soil Moisture Measurement Stations Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) in Spain, in order to retrieve useful information from satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and upcoming Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) missions. The objective of the experiment was first to identify which radar observables are most sensitive to the development of crops, and then to define which crop parameters the most affect the radar signal. A wide set of radar variables (backscattering coefficients and polarimetric indicators) acquired by Radarsat-2 were analyzed and then exploited to determine variables characterizing the crops. Field measurements were fortnightly taken at seven cereals plots between February and July, 2015. This work also tried to optimize the crop characterization through Landsat-8 estimations, testing and validating parameters such as the leaf area index, the fraction of vegetation cover and the vegetation water content, among others. Some of these parameters showed significant and relevant correlation with the Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (R>0.60). Regarding the radar observables, the parameters the best characterized were biomass and height, which may be explored for inversion using SAR data as an input. Moreover, the differences in the correlations found for the different crops under study types suggested a way to a feasible classification of crops.
A SEGMENT-BASED APPROACH FOR DTM DERIVATION OF AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA
Authors: Tang Dejin , Zhou Xiaoming , Jiang Jie , Li Caiping
Published: June 2016

Abstract. With the characteristics of LIDAR system, raw point clouds represent both terrain and non-terrain surface. In order to generate DTM, the paper introduces one improved filtering method based on the segment-based algorithms. The method generates segments by clustering points based on surface fitting and uses topological and geometric properties for classification. In the process, three major steps are involved. First, the whole datasets is split into several small overlapping tiles. For each tile, by removing wall and vegetation points, accurate segments are found. The segments from all tiles are assigned unique segment number. In the following step, topological descriptions for the segment distribution pattern and height jump between adjacent segments are identified in each tile. Based on the topology and geometry, segment-based filtering algorithm is performed for classification in each tile. Then, based on the spatial location of the segment in one tile, two confidence levels are assigned to the classified segments. The segments with low confidence level are because of losing geometric or topological information in one tile. Thus, a combination algorithm is generated to detect corresponding parts of incomplete segment from multiple tiles. Then another classification algorithm is performed for these segments. The result of these segments will have high confidence level. After that, all the segments in one tile have high confidence level of classification result. The final DTM will add all the terrain segments and avoid duplicate points. At the last of the paper, the experiment show the filtering result and be compared with the other classical filtering methods, the analysis proves the method has advantage in the precision of DTM. But because of the complicated algorithms, the processing speed is little slower, that is the future improvement which should been researched.
THE EFFECTIVE OF DIFFERENT EXCITATION WAVELENGTHS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT SPECIES BASED ON FLUORESCENCE LIDAR
Authors: Yang Jian , Gong Wei , Shi Shuo , Du Lin , Sun Jia , Song Shalei
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) served as an active technology has been widely used in many field, and it is closely related to excitation wavelength (EW). The objective of this investigation is to discuss the performance of different EWs of LIF LiDAR in identifying plant species. In this study, the 355, 460 and 556 nm lasers were utilized to excite the leaf fluorescence and the fluorescence spectra were measured by using the LIF LiDAR system built in the laboratory. Subsequently, the principal component analysis (PCA) with the help of support vector machine (SVM) was utilized to analyse fluorescence spectra. For the three EWs, the overall identification rates of the six plant species were 80 %, 83.3 % and 90 %. Experimental results demonstrated that 556 nm excitation light source is superior to 355 and 460 nm for the classification of the plant species for the same genus in this study. Thus, an appropriate excitation wavelength should be considered when the LIF LiDAR was utilized in the field of remote sensing based on the LIF technology.
JAVA-LIBRARY FOR THE ACCESS, STORAGE AND EDITING OF CALIBRATION METADATA OF OPTICAL SENSORS
Authors: Firlej M. , Kresse W.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The standardization of the calibration of optical sensors in photogrammetry and remote sensing has been discussed for more than a decade. Projects of the German DGPF and the European EuroSDR led to the abstract International Technical Specification ISO/TS 19159-1:2014 “Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data – Part 1: Optical sensors”. This article presents the first software interface for a read- and write-access to all metadata elements standardized in the ISO/TS 19159-1. This interface is based on an xml-schema that was automatically derived by ShapeChange from the UML-model of the Specification. The software interface serves two cases. First, the more than 300 standardized metadata elements are stored individually according to the xml-schema. Secondly, the camera manufacturers are using many administrative data that are not a part of the ISO/TS 19159-1. The new software interface provides a mechanism for input, storage, editing, and output of both types of data. Finally, an output channel towards a usual calibration protocol is provided. The interface is written in Java. The article also addresses observations made when analysing the ISO/TS 19159-1 and compiles a list of proposals for maturing the document, i.e. for an updated version of the Specification.
SIMULATION OF FULL-WAVEFORM LASER ALTIMETER ECHOWAVEFORM
Authors: Lv Y. , Tong X. H. , Liu S. J. , Xie H. , Luan K. F. , Liu J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Change of globe surface height is an important factor to study human living environment. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat is the first laser-ranging instrument for continuous global observations of the Earth. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of full-waveform laser altimeter, this study simulated the operating mode of ICESat and modeled different terrains’ (platform terrain, slope terrain, and artificial terrain) echo waveforms based on the radar equation. By changing the characteristics of the system and the targets, numerical echo waveforms can be achieved. Hereafter, we mainly discussed the factors affecting the amplitude and size (width) of the echoes. The experimental results implied that the slope of the terrain, backscattering coefficient and reflectivity, target height, target position in the footprint and area reacted with the pulse all can affect the energy distribution of the echo waveform and the receiving time. Finally, Gaussian decomposition is utilized to decompose the echo waveform. From the experiment, it can be noted that the factors which can affect the echo waveform and by this way we can know more about large footprint full-waveform satellite laser altimeter.
EVALUATION DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL GENERATED BY SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR DATA
Authors: Makineci H. B. , Karabörk H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Digital elevation model, showing the physical and topographical situation of the earth, is defined a tree-dimensional digital model obtained from the elevation of the surface by using of selected an appropriate interpolation method. DEMs are used in many areas such as management of natural resources, engineering and infrastructure projects, disaster and risk analysis, archaeology, security, aviation, forestry, energy, topographic mapping, landslide and flood analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Digital elevation models, which are the fundamental components of cartography, is calculated by many methods. Digital elevation models can be obtained terrestrial methods or data obtained by digitization of maps by processing the digital platform in general. Today, Digital elevation model data is generated by the processing of stereo optical satellite images, radar images (radargrammetry, interferometry) and lidar data using remote sensing and photogrammetric techniques with the help of improving technology. One of the fundamental components of remote sensing radar technology is very advanced nowadays. In response to this progress it began to be used more frequently in various fields. Determining the shape of topography and creating digital elevation model comes the beginning topics of these areas. It is aimed in this work , the differences of evaluation of quality between Sentinel-1A SAR image ,which is sent by European Space Agency ESA and Interferometry Wide Swath imaging mode and C band type , and DTED-2 (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) and application between them. The application includes RMS static method for detecting precision of data. Results show us to variance of points make a high decrease from mountain area to plane area.
VERIFICATION OF POTENCY OF AERIAL DIGITAL OBLIQUE CAMERAS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN JAPAN
Authors: Nakada Ryuji , Takigawa Masanori , Ohga Tomowo , Fujii Noritsuna
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Digital oblique aerial camera (hereinafter called “oblique cameras”) is an assembly of medium format digital cameras capable of shooting digital aerial photographs in five directions i.e. nadir view and oblique views (forward and backward, left and right views) simultaneously and it is used for shooting digital aerial photographs efficiently for generating 3D models in a wide area. For aerial photogrammetry of public survey in Japan, it is required to use large format cameras, like DMC and UltraCam series, to ensure aerial photogrammetric accuracy. Although oblique cameras are intended to generate 3D models, digital aerial photographs in 5 directions taken with them should not be limited to 3D model production but they may also be allowed for digital mapping and photomaps of required public survey accuracy in Japan. In order to verify the potency of using oblique cameras for aerial photogrammetry (simultaneous adjustment, digital mapping and photomaps), (1) a viewer was developed to interpret digital aerial photographs taken with oblique cameras, (2) digital aerial photographs were shot with an oblique camera owned by us, a Penta DigiCAM of IGI mbH, and (3) accuracy of 3D measurements was verified.
CMOS IMAGING SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR AERIAL MAPPING CAMERAS
Authors: Neumann Klaus , Welzenbach Martin , Timm Martin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In June 2015 Leica Geosystems launched the first large format aerial mapping camera using CMOS sensor technology, the Leica DMC III. This paper describes the motivation to change from CCD sensor technology to CMOS for the development of this new aerial mapping camera. In 2002 the DMC first generation was developed by Z/I Imaging. It was the first large format digital frame sensor designed for mapping applications. In 2009 Z/I Imaging designed the DMC II which was the first digital aerial mapping camera using a single ultra large CCD sensor to avoid stitching of smaller CCDs. The DMC III is now the third generation of large format frame sensor developed by Z/I Imaging and Leica Geosystems for the DMC camera family. It is an evolution of the DMC II using the same system design with one large monolithic PAN sensor and four multi spectral camera heads for R,G, B and NIR. For the first time a 391 Megapixel large CMOS sensor had been used as PAN chromatic sensor, which is an industry record. Along with CMOS technology goes a range of technical benefits. The dynamic range of the CMOS sensor is approx. twice the range of a comparable CCD sensor and the signal to noise ratio is significantly better than with CCDs. Finally results from the first DMC III customer installations and test flights will be presented and compared with other CCD based aerial sensors.
GEOMETRIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF LIDAR DATA BASED ON SWATH OVERLAP
Authors: Sampath A. , Heidemann H. K. , Stensaas G. L.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper provides guidelines on quantifying the relative horizontal and vertical errors observed between conjugate features in the overlapping regions of lidar data. The quantification of these errors is important because their presence quantifies the geometric quality of the data. A data set can be said to have good geometric quality if measurements of identical features, regardless of their position or orientation, yield identical results. Good geometric quality indicates that the data are produced using sensor models that are working as they are mathematically designed, and data acquisition processes are not introducing any unforeseen distortion in the data. High geometric quality also leads to high geolocation accuracy of the data when the data acquisition process includes coupling the sensor with geopositioning systems. Current specifications (e.g. Heidemann 2014) do not provide adequate means to quantitatively measure these errors, even though they are required to be reported. Current accuracy measurement and reporting practices followed in the industry and as recommended by data specification documents also potentially underestimate the inter-swath errors, including the presence of systematic errors in lidar data. Hence they pose a risk to the user in terms of data acceptance (i.e. a higher potential for Type II error indicating risk of accepting potentially unsuitable data). For example, if the overlap area is too small or if the sampled locations are close to the center of overlap, or if the errors are sampled in flat regions when there are residual pitch errors in the data, the resultant Root Mean Square Differences (RMSD) can still be small. To avoid this, the following are suggested to be used as criteria for defining the inter-swath quality of data: a) Median Discrepancy Angle b) Mean and RMSD of Horizontal Errors using DQM measured on sloping surfaces c) RMSD for sampled locations from flat areas (defined as areas with less than 5 degrees of slope) It is suggested that 4000-5000 points are uniformly sampled in the overlapping regions of the point cloud, and depending on the surface roughness, to measure the discrepancy between swaths. Care must be taken to sample only areas of single return points only. Point-to-Plane distance based data quality measures are determined for each sample point. These measurements are used to determine the above mentioned parameters. This paper details the measurements and analysis of measurements required to determine these metrics, i.e. Discrepancy Angle, Mean and RMSD of errors in flat regions and horizontal errors obtained using measurements extracted from sloping regions (slope greater than 10 degrees). The research is a result of an ad-hoc joint working group of the US Geological Survey and the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Airborne Lidar Committee.
A Study of Training Managers and Department Managers role in Successful Implementation of E- Learning as Training Medium in Hospitality Industry in India
Authors: Mathai Renju
Published: June 2016

A large number of organizations have shifted, wholly or partially towards using               E- Learning as a training tool. Hospitality industry is one such important industry which has already started using E- Learning as a training tool. It is extremely important for hospitality industry to improve the skills and knowledge of their employees where there is a lot of transition globally, so that the industry can keep in pace with the changes happening and attain success in this transition.  In spite of being one of the most important industries in India, research in the usage of E- Learning in hospitality industry is extremely limited. The department and training managers of the hotels also play an important role in the successful implementation of E-Learning by rendering support and guidance to the trainees, by which the trainees self-efficacy is boosted to undergo the E-Learning and leads to improvement in performance and efficiency. E-Learning can be used by the management for rapid delivery of information, more reliable and better learning opportunities for employees. This study shows that effective training through E-Learning is one of its robust technologies which will definitely enhance the quality in a faster pace of training the employees in the hospitality sector. This transformation will bring mobility of the corporate managers to be positioned in a centralized location to facilitate and incorporate the best training practices that the hospitality industry is lacking in the proposed region of study. Based on the results and findings it is seen that cost benefit analysis has rated by all the managers for the successful implementation of E-Learning as a training medium. It helps the training manager to explain the productiveness of the training program and leads to the successful implementation of E-Learning as a training medium. By looking into the department managers role, it is seen that analyzing the characteristics of the employees and take into consideration during course design, giving orientation to the trainees at the start of the course and after the updating of course material and responding to the feedback by updating or amending the course material as per the requirement are proven to be the top significant role of the department managers for the successful implementation of E-Learning.
Stakeholder Analysis of Environmental Policymaking Process in Thailand
Authors: Prukkanone Kittisak , Wang Guohua
Published: June 2016

This article studied on the stakeholder analysis of environmental policymaking process in Thailand for classifying and analyzing the power and interests of stakeholders. The results illustrated the importance and influence among them and leaded to the better understanding about the environmental policymaking process of Thailand. This findings advantaged in the public administration aspect concerning the natural resources and environmental management by fulfill the gap to avoid undesirable affected that may harm the further the environmental policymaking process. The results found that the most important stakeholders are those who make final policy decisions in Thailand’s Environmental Policymaking Process. They are three decision-makers; the Cabinet, the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment and the National Environment Board. They all have a legal and presumed claim and ability to influence policy decision making. The second group is the citizens, the communities, and the international organizations eager to democratize the natural resources and environmental management because they believe that liberalization from state hands could lead to better public accessibility and better the self-immunity, which, in turn, would enhance the efficiency and fairness in the utilization of natural resources and the country’s democracy. Nevertheless, the results significantly indicated that the first group influenced the environmental policymaking process of Thailand in their direction more than the second group due to their power and interests.
Modeling of problems of projection: A non-countercyclic approach
Authors: Ginsburg Jason
Published: June 2016

This paper describes a computational implementation of the recent Problems of Projection (POP) approach to the study of language (Chomsky 2013; 2015). While adopting the basic proposals of POP, notably with respect to how labeling occurs, we a) attempt to formalize the basic proposals of POP, and b) develop new proposals that overcome some problems with POP that arise with respect to cyclicity, labeling, and wh-movement operations. We show how this approach accounts for simple declarative sentences, ECM constructions, and constructions that involve long-distance movement of a wh-phrase (including the that-trace effect). We implemented these proposals with a computer model that automatically constructs step-by-step derivations of target sentences, thus making it possible to verify that these proposals work.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Humor Words in English Advertisements
Authors: Li Xiaqing
Published: June 2016

As an independent discipline, pragmatics was through out thirty years’ development. It is also a young discipline. As a medium emerging commonly in advertising language art, humor has attracted wide attention of many producers. Previous scholars analyzed more from the perspective of grammar, vocabulary, rhetoric, etc. But the research of advertising language humor is lacking from the aspects of pragmatic rules. Our collection of data is quite open. Any advertisement that can be transcribed in to written form is our interest. They are excerpted from magazines, advertisement, collecting books, newspapers, TV and radio commercials. As we only focus on language humor, situational humor produced by visual performance is not involved this thesis. The advertising language art of humor has been widely paid attention. Based on the existing theories of humor research, author of this paper used many kinds of pragmatic theories to analyze English advertising humor language, and including reference, deixis, anaphora, presupposition, speech act theory, the cooperative principle, conversational implicatures, and the politeness principle. It can not only provide reference for the research of this field for later scholars, but also provide theoretical guidance for the AD makers of using humor language to produce a good advertising effect.
Formulaic Sequences and the Implications for Second Language Learning
Authors: Xu Qi
Published: June 2016

The present paper is a review of literature in relation to formulaic sequences and the implications for second language learning. The formulaic sequence is a significant part of our language, and plays an essential role in both first and second language learning. The paper first introduces the definition, classifications, and major features of formulaic sequences. Then relevant studies on second language learning are reviewed, and pedagogical implications will be drawn from previous research. It is suggested that more emphasis should be put on prefabs in foreign language teaching, but at the same time, there is also danger of overemphasizing the role of prefabs in SLA research, given limited exposure to the target language in a foreign language learning environment.
Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius
Authors: Paredes-León Ricardo , Corona-López Angélica María , Flores-Palacios Alejandro , Toledo-Hernández Víctor Hugo
Published: June 2016

A survey of the camerobiid mites living on epiphytic bromeliads and the forest floor of a Mexican tropical dry forest was carried out. We found three new species of the genus Neophyllobius, which are described in this paper; the first two, namely N. cibyci sp. nov. and N. tepoztlanensis sp. nov., were both found inhabiting bromeliads (Tillandsia spp.) and living on two tree species (Quercus obtusata and Sapium macrocarpum); the third, N. tescalicola sp. nov., was found in soil and litter under Q. obtusata. These three new species can be differentiated from other species in the genus by a combination of morphological characters in adult females, mainly those setae on femora and genua I. The idiosoma and leg setal ontogeny of a camerobiid mite is presented for the first time in this paper, illustrating chaetotaxic notations and their relative positions in N. cibyci sp. nov. larva, protonymph and adults (female and male), and establishing setal homologies among instars. Setal homology with other species in the cohort Raphignathina is briefly discussed. Additionally, a compilation and an identification key to all known species of camerobiid mites in Mexico is provided.
Entrevista con Lluis Mallart
Authors: Aranzadi Juan
Published: June 2016

Este número monográfico de ENDOXA está dedicado aNuevas investigaciones sobre y desde Guinea Ecuatorial, aunque paradójicamente comience por el intercambio epistolar con un antropólogo recientemente fallecido, Amador Martín del Molino, y continúe con las entrevistas a dos veteranos antropólogos,James Fernández y lluis Mallart, cuyas investigaciones –fundamentales para quienes nos interesamos por los pueblos de Guinea- versaron, sin embargo, sobre los Fang de Gabón y los Evuzok de Camerún, aunque los dos intentaron, en algún momento, hacer trabajo de campo en Guinea.
Guinea durante la Segunda República. El escándalo "Nombela". (Implicaciones en España de un caso de corrupción colonial)
Authors: Ndongo-Bidyogo Donato
Published: June 2016

La “denuncia Nombela” es un claro ejemplo de que, como otros episodios de la historia europea, las “lejanas realidades coloniales” influyen de modo decisivo en la política de la Metrópolis y en la vida de los colonizadores. Insuficientemente destacado por la historiografía, la gravedad de los hechos puestos en conocimiento de las Cortes en noviembre de 1935 por el Inspector General de Colonias precipitaría la ruptura de la coalición conservadora que gobernaba desde 1933, formada por la Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA), liderada por José María Gil-Robles, el Partido Radical de Alejandro Lerroux y grupos menores. La revelación por Nombela del entramado de corrupción que, por comisión u omisión, minaba las estructuras de los partidos políticos en el poder y a sus dirigentes, tuvo un profundo impacto en la opinión pública. El descrédito consiguiente de las instituciones republicanas fue causa determinante -junto a otras- en el hundimiento de aquel régimen, al precipitar las elecciones de febrero de 1936. La victoria del Frente Popular en un ambiente de máxima polarización sería el pretexto de la sublevación militar que desembocó en la Guerra Civil. Acontecimientos que, pese a los cortafuegos ideados durante la Transición tras la muerte del general Francisco Franco, siguen gravitando en la conciencia colectiva de España, condicionando su vida política hasta la actualidad.
Entrevista con James Fernández
Authors: Aranzadi Juan
Published: June 2016

El pasado 22 de enero del año 2015, a propuesta del Departamento de Antropología Social y Cultural, la UNED concedió el Doctorado Honoris Causa a los antropólogos norteamericanos Stanley H. Brandes y James W. Fernández por sus importantes aportaciones a la Etnografía de los Pueblos de España y por su generosa contribución a la configuración teórica y académica de la Antropología como disciplina autónoma en la Universidad española. Es cierto que durante las últimas décadas James Fernández ha centrado su atención antropológica y su trabajo de campo en España, y más concretamente en Asturias, la tierra de sus antepasados, pero también lo es que su dilatada y brillante carrera como antropólogo comenzó en Africa, que su primera y principal investigación etnográfica se centró en los Fang de Gabón y que su obra más conocida y citada, que le ha hecho disfrutar merecidamente de un lugar de honor en la historia de la antropología, es BWITI. An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa (Princeton University Press, 1982). Por ese motivo, los pocos antropólogos que, en España y en la UNED, hemos centrado en Africa –y más en concreto, en Guinea Ecuatorial, limítrofe con Gabón- nuestra investigación etnográfica durante las últimas décadas, para quienes la obra enciclopédica de James Fernández sobre la cultura fang y el Bwiti (cf. Bibliografía) constituye un punto de referencia ineludible y que siempre hemos encontrado en él, a pesar de su relativo distanciamiento de la problemática africana desde hace ya algunas décadas, una amable acogida y solícita respuesta a nuestras dudas y preguntas, no podíamos dejar pasar esa ocasión sin aprovecharla para impulsar las investigaciones y estudios sobre Africa en España y en la UNED. En respuesta a nuestros insistentes requerimientos, James Fernández ha aceptado amablemente ayudarnos en ese empeño formando parte del Comité de Honor del Centro de Estudios Afro-Hispánicos recientemente aprobado por la UNED y respondiendo a la siguiente entrevista para este número de ENDOXA dedicado a “Nuevas Investigaciones sobre Guinea Ecuatorial”.
Francisco Macías: nuevo estado, nuevo ritual
Authors: Nerín Gustau
Published: June 2016

El régimen de Francisco Macías en Guinea Ecuatorial (1968-1979) hadespertado controversias. Hay quien lo considera un ejemplo de políticas izquierdistas, otros lo enmarcan dentro del fascismo; para algunos sería un reflejo claro del régimen franquista, para otros la producción fantasiosa de una mente enferma. A través del análisis de los rituales desarrollados por el régimen macista, se trata de elucidar qué elementos contribuyeron a la creación de éste.
Perspectivas diversas sobre el MVET y reivindicación filológica de su carácter épico
Authors: Ñengono Nguema Bindang Verónica
Published: June 2016

La primera parte de este artículo pasa revista a los distintos estudiossobre el Mvet realizados en Gabón, Camerún y Guinea Ecuatorial durante las últimas décadas y desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas y académicas o disciplinares: filológica, antropológica, filosófica, histórica, esotérica, etc. En la segunda parte se intenta justificar la perspectiva filológica elegida y la legitimidad epistemológica de la atribución al Mvetde un carácter épico.
Nsoa (“dote”), dinero, deuda y peonaje: cómo el parentesco fang tejió y destejió la economía colonial de la Guinea española
Authors: Martino Martín Enrique
Published: June 2016

Utilizando nuevo material de archivo y revisando las etnografías existentes, intento mostrar cómo en la Guinea Española la fusión o casi perfecta articulación entre la “economía deudora” de los pagos matrimoniales Fang (“riqueza de la novia”) y la “economía crediticia” del reclutamiento colonial de trabajadores por los finqueros españoles acreedores entre 1928 y 1940 condujo a que casi 25,000 varones Fang de Río Muni, Gabón y Camerún fueran reclutados, pagados con un anticipo y descargados en las plantaciones de la isla de Fernando Póo con contratos de dos o tres años. El rápido desarrollo de esta constelación de reclutamiento se puede explicar, ateniéndose a losparadigmas teóricos vigentes, como una “articulación de modos de producción”; pero no puede explicarse así su colapso repentino. Los componentes y direcciones, la inscripción y circulación de los pagos matrimoniales Fang -del nsoa o “dote”249- tejieron los mimbres de la economía colonial española basada en el reclutamiento de mano de obra con contratos de peonaje endeudado, pero asimismo, subsecuentemente, los destejieron.
El proyecto con agentes nativos de la misión jamaicana en Fernando Póo: su herencia colonial
Authors: Castillo Rodríguez Susana
Published: June 2016

La obra de teatro de Philip. J. Fisher The Island Heritage. Episodes from the Missionary History of Fernando Poo, West Africa. A Play for Young People (1926) ha permanecido incógnita en los estudios sobre Guinea Ecuatorial. Su importancia reside, según argumentamos en este artículo, no solo en este hecho sino en lo que nos revela sobre el establecimiento de la Misión de la Sociedad Baptista Jamaicana en Fernando Póo entre 1842 y 1845. Retomando los análisis de Bela Vassady (1979) y Dekar (2001), en este artículo se discutirá el papel de los “agentes nativos” jamaicanos en el proyecto misionero baptista y sus consecuencias para la expansión colonial británica al interior del continente africano.
El internamiento de los colonos alemanes del Camerún en la Guinea Española (1915-1919)
Authors: González Calleja Eduardo
Published: June 2016

El territorio español que sufrió más de cerca los avatares de la guerranaval y terrestre y las tensiones diplomáticas derivadas de la Primera Guerra mundial fueron las posesiones de Guinea. El artículo relata los esfuerzos de las autoridades — especialmente el gobernador general Ángel Barrera Luyando— por salvaguardar la integridad territorial de la colonia, evitando las incursiones de uno y otro bando, y los problemasplanteados por los miles de alemanes y nativos que buscaron refugio en Guinea y luego en la Península tras la ocupación aliada del Camerún a inicios de 1916.
Holocaust Education in Quebec: Teachers’ Positioning and Practices
Authors: Moisan Sabrina , Hirsch Sivane , Audet Geneviève
Published: June 2016

Teaching about the Holocaust is mandatory in many societies. This prescription is justified by authorities with many reasons: educating pupils for a better understanding of human rights, peace, war, genocide, critical thinking, historical thinking, racism, etc. The Holocaust can carry a very strong moral and emotional charge. But why do teachers choose to teach about it when it is not compulsory? And how do they do this? Which resources do they use? What content is their teaching based on? This case study focuses on three high school history teachers in Quebec and explores their educational objectives in teaching the Holocaust and related pedagogical practices, including a field trip to the Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre.
Conception et étude du potentiel d’un dispositif muséo-techno-didactique pour le raisonnement en sciences humaines d’élèves québécois de 5e année du primaire
Authors: Larouche Marie-Claude , Landry Nicole , Fillion Pierre-Luc
Published: June 2016

Nous traitons de la conception et de l’étude du potentiel d’un dispositif muséo-techno-didactique, parties prenantes d’une recherche-développement réalisée en collaboration avec le Musée McCord et des enseignants d’écoles primaires montréalaises. Le dispositif mis à l’essai tire profit de l’expositionMontréal —Points de vue, des ressources numériques de l’institution et d’une récente application pour technologie mobile. À la suite d’entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés auprès de dyades d’élèves de quatre classes de 5eannée, nous étudions le potentiel de ce dispositif sous l’angle du raisonnement verbal en sciences humaines. Si une bonne compréhension de l’interdépendance de l’organisation sociale et du territoire se manifeste dans des segments explicatifs, les résultats obtenus doivent être replacés dans le contexte d’une implication des enseignants allant bien au-delà du temps scolaire habituellement consenti à ce domaine disciplinaire.
Kinetics of initiating polypeptide elongation in an IRES-dependent system
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Ng Martin Y , Chen Yuanwei , Cooperman Barry S
Published: June 2016

The intergenic IRES of Cricket Paralysis Virus (CrPV-IRES) forms a tight complex with 80S ribosomes capable of initiating the cell-free synthesis of complete proteins in the absence of initiation factors. Such synthesis raises the question of what effect the necessary IRES dissociation from the tRNA binding sites, and ultimately from all of the ribosome, has on the rates of initial peptide elongation steps as nascent peptide is formed. Here we report the first results measuring rates of reaction for the initial cycles of IRES-dependent elongation. Our results demonstrate that 1) the first two cycles of elongation proceed much more slowly than subsequent cycles, 2) these reduced rates arise from slow pseudo-translocation and translocation steps, and 3) the retarding effect of ribosome-bound IRES on protein synthesis is largely overcome following translocation of tripeptidyl-tRNA. Our results also provide a straightforward approach to detailed mechanistic characterization of many aspects of eukaryotic polypeptide elongation.
Primate TRIM5 proteins form hexagonal nets on HIV-1 capsids
Authors: Li Yen-Li , Chandrasekaran Viswanathan , Carter Stephen D , Woodward Cora L , Christensen Devin E , Dryden Kelly A , Pornillos Owen , Yeager Mark , Ganser-Pornillos Barbie K , Jensen Grant J , Sundquist Wesley I
Published: June 2016

TRIM5 proteins are restriction factors that block retroviral infections by binding viral capsids and preventing reverse transcription. Capsid recognition is mediated by C-terminal domains on TRIM5α (SPRY) or TRIMCyp (cyclophilin A), which interact weakly with capsids. Efficient capsid recognition also requires the conserved N-terminal tripartite motifs (TRIM), which mediate oligomerization and create avidity effects. To characterize how TRIM5 proteins recognize viral capsids, we developed methods for isolating native recombinant TRIM5 proteins and purifying stable HIV-1 capsids. Biochemical and EM analyses revealed that TRIM5 proteins assembled into hexagonal nets, both alone and on capsid surfaces. These nets comprised open hexameric rings, with the SPRY domains centered on the edges and the B-box and RING domains at the vertices. Thus, the principles of hexagonal TRIM5 assembly and capsid pattern recognition are conserved across primates, allowing TRIM5 assemblies to maintain the conformational plasticity necessary to recognize divergent and pleomorphic retroviral capsids.
'Estar' = 'Ser' + X
Authors: Gallego Ángel J. , Uriagereka Juan
Published: June 2016

This paper studies the SER / ESTAR alternation in Spanish. Following the logic behind Freeze's (1992) and Kayne's (1993) analysis of Benveniste's (1960) approach to HAVE, it is argued that ESTAR derives from SER plus the incorporation of an additional functional element, labeled X. It is this element (which we argue has a prepositional nature in different languages), and not some lexical property (a feature), that is responsible for the oft-noted aspectual (i.e. non-standing, perfective, stagelevel) flavor of ESTAR. Even though we focus on the SER / ESTAR cut, our analysis ultimately argues for the idea that the distinction between Individual Level and Stage Level predicates does not indicate a 'lexical' (meaning 'primitive,' 'intrinsic,' or 'inherent') property of predicates. In line with recent neoconstructionist approaches to the lexicon (cf. Borer 2005, Hale & Keyser 1993, 2002, Marantz 1997, Ramchand 2008, among others), we pursue the idea that properties (transitivity, lexical aspect, stativity, etc.) that were interpreted as lexical in projectionist and lexicalist models are actually the consequence of a specific syntax.
Lóxoro, traces of a contemporary Peruvian genderlect
Authors: Rojas-Berscia Luis Miguel
Published: June 2016

Not long after the premiere of Loxoro in 2011, a short-film by Claudia Llosa which presents the problems the transgender community faces in the capital of Peru, a new language variety became visible for the first time to the Lima society. Lóxoro [‘lok.so.ɾo] or Húngaro [‘uŋ.ga.ɾo], as its speakers call it, is a language spoken by transsexuals and the gay community of Peru. The first clues about its existence were given by a comedian, Fernando Armas, in the mid 90’s, however it is said to have appeared not before the 60’s. Following some previous work on gay languages by Baker (2002) and languages and society (cf. Halliday 1978), the main aim of the present article is to provide a primary sketch of this language in its phonological, morphological, lexical and sociological aspects, based on a small corpus extracted from the film of Llosa and natural dialogues from Peruvian TV-journals, in order to classify this variety within modern sociolinguistic models (cf. Muysken 2010) and argue for the “anti-language” (cf. Halliday 1978) nature of it.