bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las mujeres colombianas y su acceso a la educación universitaria
Authors: Olarte Garavito Vanessa Katherine , Jiménez Suárez Yeniffer Carolina , Sánchez Ramos Rosmary , Nieto Caldas Disney , Ojeda Pérez Robert Manuel
Published: February 2019

En el presente artículo encontraremos algunas de las acciones realizadas por las mujeres colombianas para acceder a la educación superior y cómo estas enmarcan la necesidad de visibilizar y reflexionar acerca de la construcción de una sociedad donde se supere el discurso de la igualdad y se inicie la lucha por la equidad, como característica fundamental del reconocimiento de la mujer. Para ello, abordaremos históricamente el acceso de las mujeres a la educación superior y posteriormente validaremos dos escenarios específicos para realizar un análisis que permita develar el ingreso de las mujeres a las instituciones de educación superior y el compromiso de estas últimas al respecto. Finalmente, será necesario recrear dos historias que trascienden a la acción este derecho ganado por muchas, reconfigurando el papel de la mujer en la sociedad y en la construcción de un país en el que la apuesta fundamental es la educación como una vía posible de cualquier transformación social.
Axiología de la cibercultura: posibilidades y límites de la escuela
Authors: Cifuentes Garzón José Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Este artículo pretende generar discusión frente a las implicaciones de la cibercultura en la formación de valores de los niños y jóvenes, como un desafío que nos corresponde afrontar a todos. En este sentido, presenta una aproximación a los conceptos de ciberespacio, cibercultura y axiología, destaca los desafíos que la cibercultura impone hoy y establece algunos compromisos axiológicos de la escuela frente a este fenómeno. Se resalta además la importancia axiológica de la cibercultura para emprender acciones destinadas a mantener la dignidad de la persona, por encima de la ciencia, los avances tecnológicos y los progresos en la transmisión de la información. Se concluye que la escuela en tiempos actuales, en los cuales la era de la información está transformando costumbres, formas de pensar, paradigmas y valores, cumple una función trascendental en la formación de valores para lograr humanizar el uso de las diversas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.
The Effectiveness of Azolla pinnata in Inhibiting the Growth of Salmonella typhi
Authors: Ekawati Evy Ratnasari , Pradana M. Sungging
Published: February 2019

Human digestive tract infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can frustrate therapy with antibiotics. Today many researchers develop herbal medicines from plants for microbial infections. The benefits of medicinal plants depend on several components of chemicals that can have an influence on the human body. One of the plants that can be used is Azolla. Azolla has many nutrients and phytochemical compounds such as flavonoid, tannin, and saponin which have antimicrobial activity. This study used dried Azolla extract which was divided into several doses, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% b/v. Azolla extract activity test was carried out by observing the presence of inhibition zones formed after incubation. Azolla extract test results obtained all doses in the resistance category with a diameter of no more than 10 mm. One way Anova test obtained a significance value of 0.000<α = 0.05, which means that there is a difference between the administration of Azolla pinnata extract dose to its ability to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhii. Duncan test showed that the treatment of Azolla pinnata 60%, 80% and 100% of Salmonella typhii showed results that were not significantly different. The results of the study concluded that Azolla extract can be used to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhii bacteria so that it can be developed into traditional medicine.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KONSUMSI KEDELAI, PRODUKSI KEDELAI DAN CADANGAN DEVISA TERHADAP IMPOR KEDELAI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Risyanto Havid , Mahdoh Mahdoh
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

The agricultural sector is the primary sector and plays an important role for the national economy. One of the agricultural sectors is soybeans which is a staple food for the people of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the simultaneous and partial effects of consumption, production and foreign exchange reserves on soybean imports in Indonesia, as well as to analyze the variables that have the most dominant influence on soybean imports in Indonesia in the period 2000-2016. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach research and uses secondary data with time series and the analysis tool used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of software Eviews 9. The results showed simultaneous consumption, production and reserve variables Foreign exchange has a significant impact on soybean imports in Indonesia for the period 2000-2016. Foreign exchange reserve variables have a positive and significant effect on soybean imports in Indonesia for the period 2000-2016.

Keywords : soybean consumption, soybean Production, foreign exchange reserves and soybean import

ABSTRAK

Sektor pertanian merupakan sektor primer dan memegang peranan penting bagi perekonomian nasional. Salah satu dari sektor pertanian adalah kedelai yang merupakan termasuk makanan pokok bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial konsumsi, produksi dan cadangan devisa terhadap impor kedelai di Indonesia, serta untuk menganalisis variabel yang berpengaruh paling dominan terhadap impor kedelai di Indonesia pada periode tahun 2000-2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif serta menggunakan data sekunder dengan runtun waktu (time series) dan alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Eviews 9. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara simultan variabel konsumsi, produksi dan cadangan devisa berpengaru signifikan terhadap impor kedelai di Indonesia periode tahun 2000-2016. Variabel cadangan devisa berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap impor kedelai di Indonesia periode tahun 2000-2016.

Kata Kunci : Konsumsi Kedelai, Produksi Kedelai, Cadangan Devisa dan Impor Kedelai
A Perspetiva da Toxicologia Clínica Sobre a Utilização Terapêutica da Cannabis e dos Canabinoides
Authors: Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge
Published: February 2019

n/a.
General Public’s Knowledge Regarding Basic Life Support: A Pilot Study with a Portuguese Sample
Authors: Sá-Couto Carla , Nicolau Abel
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Basic life support is a key manoeuvre in a cardiac arrest situation that can often save a victim’s life. This study investigates the general public’s knowledge about the fundamentals of basic life support, and its association with previous training/education on basic life support and self-perception of knowledge. A secondary goal is to assess the opinion on training needs.Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study, using a convenience sample of 655 individuals. A survey containing 21 questions was applied. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis explored potential associations between variables.Results: The mean score for general knowledge (75.9% ± 14.2%) was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for technical knowledge (31.2% ± 29.7). Considering the overall knowledge, the mean score was 49.0% ± 20.3%, with 100 (15.3%) respondents scoring equal or higher than 70%, and only 12 (1.8%) answering all questions correctly. Less than 30% of the sample had previous training in basic life support.Discussion: The source of knowledge and time elapsed from previous training have relevant and statistically significant associations with the knowledge scores. Association of the self-perception of knowledge and the actual scores showed, in general, that participants have a correct perception of their knowledge. The knowledge scores indicate clear lack of training and knowledge among the general population.Conclusion: The results of this study reinforce the need for practical and regular basic life support training, ideally early in life and in the workplace. Participants recognize that they have residual or low basic life support knowledge and are motivated to attend training and refresher courses.
Universalismo Proporcional na Medicina Geral e Familiar – Comentário ao artigo: “Desigualdades Socioeconómicas na Atribuição de Médicos de Família em Portugal”
Authors: Prazeres Filipe
Published: February 2019

n/d.
Ainda a Propósito da Esquizofrenia Secundária
Authors: Gama Marques João
Published: February 2019

n/d.
Lítio na Água Pública em Portugal
Authors: Prazeres Filipe
Published: February 2019

n/a.
Caracterização e aceitação sensorial de doce em pasta com biomassa de banana e polpa de cajá
Authors: Jesus Iranilse Gomes , Souza Analyne Crispim , Ferreira Igor Macedo , Santos Lilian Vieira do Nascimento , Silva Ana Mara Oliveira , Carvalho Michelle Garcêz
Published: February 2019

Objetivou-se elaborar e caracterizar três formulações de doce em pasta de biomassa de banana e cajá, adicionado de frutooligossacarídeo (FOS). A diferença entre as formulações é a substituição do açúcar mascavo por FOS nas formulações 2 e 3. Os doces foram caracterizados microbiológica (fungos, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Salmonella sp), sensorial (preferência, aceitação e intenção de compra), físico-química (pH e acidez total titulável) e  química (umidade, cinzas, lipídio, proteína, fenólicos totais e % de varredura do radical 1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazil). Calculou-se também os carboidratos totais e o valor energético. Os doces com adição de FOS apresentaram a mesma preferência e maior aceitabilidade para a doçura (6,84 a 6,86), sabor (6,48 a 6,6) e impressão global (6,67 a 6,82), já a intenção de compra foi a mesma entre as formulações 1 (2,58) e 3 (3,14), assim como, nas formulações 2 (3,42) e 3 (3,14). Os lipídios (1,65 a 2,71), a acidez total titulável (9,22 a 14,01) e o pH (3,56 a 4,14) variaram entre as formulações, além disso, apresentaram atividade antioxidante significativa. O doce em pasta proposto é uma boa alternativa para a indústria alimentícia como produto com propriedades funcionais e frutas regionais.
Territorial Competitiveness Revisited from the Resource-Based View: A Comparative Study in the Wind Energy Sector on Islands
Authors: Santana-Sarmiento Francisco , Álamo-Vera Francisca Rosa , De Saá-Pérez Petra
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to propose a new approach of territorial competitiveness assessment revisited from the resource-based view, as the combination of location-specific resources and capabilities can improve the territorial socio-economic development. A territorial competitiveness index is calculated in order to assess the potential of renewable energy sources to improve the sustainable development in islands. Different sources of information and methodologies have been employed to measure the variables included in the model, thus ensuring a rigorous process in the index calculation. In order to quantify the basic resources, for example, a methodology based on a multicriteria analysis (MCA) with geographic information system (GIS) is suggested, with the objective of obtaining an indicator called index of available territorial resources. This index synthesizes the map information through a numerical value that allows integrating the territorial resource with other indicators of the model. The results of the study show that capability development is a key factor to better exploit the territorial resource endowment in order to achieve a competitive advantage.
Factors Influencing Attachment toward Fukushima-Gata Lagoon: Analyzing Changes in the Lifestyle of Regional Residents
Authors: Ogawa Daiki , Fukumoto Rui
Published: February 2019

The growing shortage of human resources to manage landscape in the water environment has led to problems concerning preservation of the landscape in Japan. To cultivate people with awareness about preserving the landscape, it is important to understand the process of how a region’s residents develop an attachment toward the water environment in their area. This paper identified factors influencing the attachment of residents toward the Fukushima-gata lagoon, Niigata prefecture, Japan, as a case study while focusing on changes in the lifestyle of the regional residents. The findings are as follows: (1) The target households frequently used Fukushima-gata lagoon for “fishing and for picking edible wild plants” and “gathering reeds to make thatched roofs” before “the reclamation project was carried out by the government in Fukushima-gata lagoon.” They also frequented Fukushima-gata lagoon for “walking and cherry blossom viewing” after “the reclamation project” was implemented. (2) Even the fact that distance from the lagoon to their place of residence increased after the project did not lose their attachment to the lagoon. (3) It was suggested that the project contributed to increase the attachment of regional residents towards Fukushima-gata lagoon because of multiple factors such as “playing in the water,” “livelihood opportunity,” “recreational use,” and so on. (4) Changes in the attachment of regional residents toward Fukushima-gata lagoon before and after the reclamation project was carried out by the government corresponded to “changes in the lifestyle of the local residents” before and after the project.
Some of the Latest Active Strengthening Techniques for Masonry Buildings: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Ferretti Elena , Pascale Giovanni
Published: February 2019

The present paper deals with the retrofitting of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, subjected to in-plane shear and out of-plane loading when struck by an earthquake. After an introductive comparison between some of the latest punctual and continuous active retrofitting methods, the authors focused on the two most effective active continuous techniques, the CAM system and the Φ system, which also improve the box-type behavior of buildings. These two retrofitting systems allow us to increase both the static and dynamic load-bearing capacity of masonry buildings. Nevertheless, information on how they actually modify the stress field in static conditions is lacking and sometimes questionable, in the literature. Therefore, we performed a static analysis in the plane of Mohr/Coulomb, with the dual intent to clarify which of the two is preferable under static conditions and whether the models currently used to design the retrofitting systems are fully adequate.
Drawing the Complexity of Colombian Climate from Non-Extensive Extreme Behavior
Authors: Hoyos Isabel , Rodríguez Boris A.
Published: February 2019

We evaluate the complexity of Colombian climate from extreme behavior of gauge temperature and precipitation, using the the novel Tsallis' non-extensive entropy principle based on physical information through the q-index. We find the spatial structure of non additive universal categories (q-index) and compare with some complex systems with the potential to have some degree of dynamical affinity. Our results evidence the great dynamical variability of regional climate expressed in the large range of values of $q$-index, and the high degree of non-extensitivity for both temperature and precipitation.
Development and Utilization of Real-Time Tsunami Inundation Forecast System Using S-net Data
Authors: Aoi Shin , Suzuki Wataru , Chikasada Naotaka Yamamoto , Miyoshi Takayuki , Arikawa Taro , Seki Katsumi ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
Published: February 2019

It is important to advance preparation for a tsunami disaster, one of the great concerns in Japan. Forecasting tsunami inundation is one such solution, which contributes to perceiving the danger of the tsunami, as the inundation is directly linked with the damage. Therefore, we developed a new real-time tsunami forecast system, aimed at rapidly and accurately forecasting tsunami inundation on land, based on offshore tsunami data observed by the seafloor observation network along the Japan Trench, S-net. The developed system takes a database approach. A database called a tsunami scenario bank was constructed by assuming all the possible tsunami sources affecting the target region and simulating offshore pressure data, coastal tsunami heights, and tsunami inundation. The forecast system searches for suitable tsunami scenarios whose offshore pressure data explain the observed data, based on the multi-index method. The multi-index method can evaluate the resemblance of offshore pressure data by using three indices, which are sensitive to different aspects of the pressure change distribution. When tsunami scenarios meet the criteria of the multi-index method, the system provides forecast information generated from coastal tsunami heights and tsunami inundation of the selected scenarios. A prototype system was constructed for the Pacific coastal region of Chiba prefecture as a target region and has been updated through a test operation. We also investigated the comprehensible visualization and effective disaster response using tsunami forecast information. Through workshops and tabletop exercises with local government officers using the forecast system, timelines and local disaster management plans for tsunamis were tested and revised. This led to the establishment of a standard operating procedure for tsunami disaster response through the use of tsunami observation and forecast information.
Development of Disaster Prevention Support System for Irrigation Pond (DPSIP)
Authors: Hori Toshikazu , Izumi Akira , Shoda Daisuke , Shigeoka Tetsushi , Yoshisako Hiroshi ,   Soil Mechanics Unit, Division of Facilities and Geotechnical Engineering, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization  2-1-6 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8609, Japan,   Institute for Rural Engineering, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
Published: February 2019

In recent years, many cases of secondary disasters have occurred owing to failures of irrigation ponds after large disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake, Northern Kyushu Heavy Rain, and the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018. At the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), we have developed the Disaster Prevention Support System for Irrigation Ponds (hereinafter referred to as the DPSIP), which is aimed at sharing disaster information relating to irrigation ponds in times of major disaster. In this paper, we present the specifications of the DPSIP and the applicability of the system is also explained by applying the system to actual disasters and by conducting a verification test.
Disaster Response and Mitigation Support Technology for All-Hazards in Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Authors: Hisada Yoshiaki , Osaragi Toshihiro , Murakami Masahiro , Mizuno Osamu , Kobayashi Wataru , Yasuda Susumu , Ohara Miho , Yamashita Tomohisa , Takada Kazuyuki , Suematsu Takashi , Shindo Jun , Oki Takuya , Kakizaki Akira ,   Kogakuin University 1-24-2 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan,   Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan,   Public Works Research Institute, Ibakaraki, Japan,   Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan,   Vector Research Institute, Inc., Tokyo, Japan,   Sompo Risk Management Inc., Tokyo, Japan
Published: February 2019

In Theme 7-2 of SIP Disaster Prevention (Enhancement of Social Resiliency against Natural Disaster of Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program), we implemented the two subthemes to develop the disaster response and mitigation technology effective for the complex disaster caused by earthquake and flood by torrential rain in megalopolis such as Tokyo metropolitan area; “Subtheme 1: Development of Application Software for Supporting All-Hazards Management in Megalopolis and Commercial Areas around Large Terminal Stations,” and “Subtheme 2: Sustainable Development of Local Disaster Prevention Technology with Visualization Application.” In the former, we formulated behavioral guidelines of central city areas during disasters based on the hazard/risk assessment, and developed an application software for PC/smartphone to support emergency management by delivering relevant information to civilians and disaster response workers during the disaster. Especially, the application would reduce secondary disasters, such as the confusion/panic by the huge number of crowds. In the latter, to “efficiently utilize the limited time, human resources and goods and to minimize damage” at the time of the disaster, we developed a “travel support application,” which can efficaciously “assign” workers to various tasks (the events that require a response) that are spatially distributed at the occurrence of disaster, “navigate” by identifying optimal routes for patrol and “monitor” progress.
Gearing Up For Growth & Sustainability: A Case Study on ‘iD Fresh Food’
Authors: Nandi Shampa
Published: February 2019

The case is all about the journey of an entrepreneur Mr. Musthafa with his venture iD Fresh Foods India Ltd. Back in 2006 with a humble beginning, as a small store selling Idli and Dosa batter at Tippsandra, Bengaluru, iD at 2018, has grown multi-fold, presented in over 21,000 stores, 17 cities and is planning to expand to 30 cities in next few years. A number of accolades in its hat like “Best food marketing idea 2016”, “Vocational excellence award 2016”, “Best packaging design award 2015” and many other appreciations, “iD Fresh Food” would be a great case study for the B-school students or students of other business management courses and would add value to the marketing or entrepreneurship literature. This case study specially examined the marketing strategies adopted by the company to establish itself in the cluttered RTC (Ready to cook) packaged food sector in an emerging market scenario. The issue of the case is to examine whether the company should diversify or continues its basic philosophy of serving natural preservative free packaged food items and how far the closely-knit management style is going to sustain its market leadership position in future.
Volar Locking Plates Versus Augmented External Fixation of Intra-Articular Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Hammer Ola-Lars , Clementsen Ståle , Hast Joakim , Šaltytė Benth Jūratė , Madsen Jan Erik , Randsborg Per-Henrik
Published: February 2019

Background:

The aim of the study was to compare the functional outcomes following fixation with a volar locking plate (VLP) with those outcomes after augmented external fixation (EF) of displaced, intra-articular distal radial fractures in patients 18 to 70 years of age.

Methods:

Following inclusion, randomization, and surgery, clinical examination and outcome assessments were conducted at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The primary outcome was the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score, and secondary outcomes included wrist range of motion, grip strength, and pain assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results:

Over a span of 3 years, 166 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 55.0 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.5 years), with the ages distributed evenly in each treatment group by block randomization (84 patients in the VLP group and 82 in the EF group). The patients in the VLP group had a significantly better mean QuickDASH score, range of motion, and grip strength at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. There were no significant differences between the groups at 2 years. On the basis of the minimal clinically important difference, the difference in the QuickDASH score was clinically relevant only at 6 weeks and arguably at 3 months (9.2 and 8.5 points, respectively). Therefore, the statistically significant improvement in the functional outcome of VLP compared with that of EF cannot be safely said to have clinical relevance beyond 12 weeks. The overall complication rate was comparable between the 2 groups. The rate of follow-up at 2 years was 97.0%.

Conclusions:

VLP fixation resulted in faster recovery of function compared with EF, but no functional advantage was demonstrated at 2 years.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
“Doctor, What Happens After My Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?”
Authors: Houck Darby A. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , McCarty Eric C. , Frank Rachel M. , Bravman Jonathan T.
Published: February 2019

➤ It is important to educate patients on what to expect following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), with respect to both the short-term and long-term outcome.

➤ A high preinjury activity level, younger age, male sex, positive psychological response to return to sport training, and use of autograft can positively influence a patient’s ability to return to sport.

➤ There is an increased risk of graft rupture and injury of the contralateral ACL in young active patients, particularly in young female soccer players; nonanatomic tunnel placement and use of (irradiated) allograft tissue also increase the risk of revision.

➤ The current literature does not support a prophylactic benefit of ACLR in reducing the rate of knee osteoarthritis after an ACL injury.

➤ Meniscal integrity plays an important role in the long-term functional outcome of a patient after ACLR.

➤ An ACL injury increases a patient’s risk for undergoing a total knee arthroplasty later in life.
Sports Medicine Roundtable: Graft Selection for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Collins Larry , Downie Brian , Hazzard Sean , Dowell Charles , Cloutier Dagan
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the JOPA Roundtable discussion is to give orthopaedic PAs insight on how each participating editorial board member treats certain clinical scenarios in his or her current practice. For this Sports Medicine Roundtable, editorial board members with expertise in sports medicine discuss graft selection for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Participants share their knowledge and experience on the topic.
Perfil energético, proteico y mineral de burros criollos (Equus asinus) colombianos
Authors: Herrera Y.B. , Rugeles C.C. , Ramírez-López C.J.
Published: February 2019

Basados en la importancia de establecer valores de laboratorio de referencia para cada especie y sus grupos, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal establecer parámetros fisiológicos de referencia para las variables asociadas al perfil energético, proteico y mineral en burros criollos (Equus asinus) de Colombia. Fueron realizadas pruebas bioquímicas séricas de muestras sanguíneas de 85 burros machos con edad entre los 4 y 15 años a través de espectrofotometría. Los valores promedios obtenidos para el perfil energético determinado fueron: glucosa 53,26±13,76 mg/dL, colesterol 61,53±54,3 mg/dL y triglicéridos con 62,28±29,88 mg/dL. Los resultados promedios de los constituyentes del perfil proteico analizado fueron: proteínas totales fue de 6,31±0,65 g/dL, albumina 3,04±1,26 g/dL, globulinas 3,34±1,45 g/dL, urea 34,56±10,23 mg/dL y BUN de17,73±4,98 mg/dL. Los valores médios obtenidos para Los metabólitos minerales fueron: calcio de 10.72±1,52 mg/dL, fosforo 3.25±1.7 mg/dL y magnesio 3.12±1.07 mg/dL. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias comparados con burros de otras razas y condiciones geográficas distintas. Estos resultados pueden ser
Farelo de crambe (Crambe abyssinica) em rações para frangos de corte
Authors: Pinheiro S.R.F. , Vieira D.J. , Moreira D.R.F. , Barbosa K.A. , Ferreira H.J. , Bonafé C.M.
Published: February 2019

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a substituição da proteína da ração pela proteína do farelo de crambe (Crambe abyssinica) sobre o desempenho dos frangos de corte na fase inicial (oito a 21 dias). Foram utilizados 420 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb 500®, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 21 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos experimentais constituíram de uma ração testemunha sem o farelo de crambe e os demais pela substituição da proteína da ração nos níveis de 5, 10, 15 e 20%. Não houve efeito significativo para conversão alimentar dos frangos, no entanto, observou-se efeito linear decrescente para o consumo de ração e o ganho de peso das aves, à medida que a proteína do crambe substituiu a proteína da ração. Verificou-se redução do consumo de ração aos níveis de 10, 15 e 20% de substituição da proteína. Para o ganho de peso, os menores valores observados foram para os níveis de 15 e 20% de substituição, enquanto que os níveis de 5 e 10% não diferiram em relação ao tratamento testemunha. Portanto, recomenda-se a substituição do farelo de crambe na ração até o nível de 10% por não influenciar negativamente no ganho de peso dos frangos de corte.
Repetibilidade e efeito da idade nas características reprodutivas em ovinos Santa Inês
Authors: Ribeiro M.S. , Quirino C.R. , Bartholazzi Junior A. , Pacheco A. , Vega W.H.O. , Rua M.A.S.
Published: February 2019

Devido à importância da seleção precoce de carneiros da raça Santa Inês no Brasil, estimamos a repetibilidade e verificados os efeitos da idade sobre as características seminais, perímetro escrotal e peso corporal em 51 carneiros da raça Santa Inês com idades entre 6 a 26 meses de idade, durante um ano. Os animais foram divididos em grupos de idade: grupo 1 (6 a 12 meses) e grupo 2 (12 a 26 meses), mantidos em semi-confinamentos, recebendo feno, concentrado e um suplemento mineral diariamente. O peso corporal, circunferência escrotal e as características seminais foram avaliados uma vez por mês. Os grupos de idade não influenciaram o volume espermático, movimentos de massa, motilidade e vigor espermáticos. Houve diferenças entre os grupos etários para a concentração espermática, peso corporal e circunferência escrotal que foram maiores em ovinos adultos (grupo 2). A média dos defeitos espermáticos maiores também foi diferente entre os grupos, sendo a presença de espermatozoides anormais relacionada inversamente com a idade. Correlações entre movimento de massa, motilidade e vigor foram altas e significativas (P
Endogamia em um rebanho de caprinos da raça Anglo Nubiana
Authors: Sousa J.E.R. , Paiva R.D.M. , Sousa W.H. , Façanha D.A.E. , Nunes S.F. , Morais J.H.G. , Souza M.S.M. , Ferreira J.B.
Published: February 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever a estrutura da população e avaliar os efeitos da endogamia sobre peso corporal em diferentes idades em caprinos Anglo Nubiana. Foram utilizados dados de pedigree de 1.104 animais nascidos de 1980 a 2010. O programa Endog foi utilizado para analise do pedigree e estimação dos parâmetros populacionais. O efeito da endogamia foi verificado pelo teste t, avaliando contraste por meio de uma sub-rotina do aplicativo MTDFREML. Do total de animais estudados, 85,96% apresentaram pedigree na primeira ascendência, 41,51% na segunda e 15,82% na terceira. O coeficiente médio de endogamia (F) e de relação (AR) foi de 1,1% e 3,14% respectivamente. O número efetivo de animais fundadores e de ancestrais foi igual (29). Os 11 principais ancestrais explicaram 50% da variância genética total. Depressão endogâmica significativa foi encontrada para PN, P56, P140 e P168 dias de idade.
Programa de selección genética enfocada en la calidad de cerdos Ibéricos puros de montanera
Authors: Muñoz M. , Sánchez-Esquiliche F. , Caraballo C. , Gómez F. , Pariente J.M. , Silió L. , Rodríguez C. , García-Gasco J.M.
Published: February 2019

Los programas de selección genética son inusuales en el sector porcino Ibérico de extensivo. La empresa tradicional de productos de cerdo Ibérico, Sánchez Romero Carvajal (SRC), localizada en la Sierra de Huelva, junto con el Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal del INIA, se está esforzando en desarrollar un esquema de selección basado en evaluaciones BLUP-Modelo animal y enfocado a la mejora genética de cerdos Ibéricos puros de montanera. Los animales implicados en este programa pertenecen a una piara distribuida entre las fincas Montecastila y Tejarejo (La Granada de Riotinto). Para la selección de caracteres de crecimiento, composición de canal y calidad de carne y grasa, se dispone de registros de 1.205 animales de genealogía controlada. Los caracteres principales registrados son: ganancia media diaria en montanera, peso de canal y pesos de piezas nobles (jamones, paletas y lomos). Además, como caracteres de calidad se midieron: perfil de ácidos grasos en grasa subcutánea, porcentaje de grasa intramuscular, color, pérdidas de agua después de descongelado y cocinado, así como resistencia del lomo al corte. Las valoraciones genéticas para caracteres maternos (número de lechones nacidos vivos y peso de camada al destete) se han efectuado hasta la fecha usando datos de 5.134 camadas nacidas en 88 lotes de 1.456 cerdas y 22 verracos. Las reproductoras estaban localizadas en un sistema de parideras tradicionales. Esta información permite la obtención de estimas de heredabilidad y correlaciones genéticas, así como de un índice combinado construido con los valores mejorantes ponderados por los pesos económicos respectivos para cada carácter. Las actividades del programa permiten además la realización de diversos estudios de genética molecular. Estos estudios permitirán en el futuro aumentar la eficacia del programa de selección convencional.
Analyse de Cycle de Vie des systèmes de production de la filière Noir de Bigorre
Authors: Garcia-Launay F. , Rouillon V. , Faure J. , Fonseca A.
Published: February 2019

Les systèmes de production porc plein air reposant sur des races autochtones doivent répondre à des enjeux environnementaux et socio-économiques. Ils fournissent des produits à haute valeur ajoutée et reposent principalement sur des ressources alimentaires locales. Dans le projet européen TREASURE, nous avons mis en œuvre une Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV) des élevages appartenant à la filière Noir de Bigorre (NDB) localisée dans le Sud-Ouest de la France. Les impacts environnementaux ont été calculés en sortie de ferme et exprimés par kg de porc vif et par ha de terres occupé. A partir d’enquêtes dans 25 élevages et des données collectées pas la filière, nous avons estimé les flux et poids vifs moyens des animaux produits ainsi que les quantités moyennes d’aliments distribuées. Les formules des aliments achetés ont été collectées auprès des fabricants d’aliments. Les impacts potentiels sur le Changement Climatique (CC), l’Acidification (AC), l’Eutrophisation (EU), la Demande Cumulée en Energie (CED) et l’Occupation des Terres (LO) par kg de porc étaient dans la gamme des systèmes traditionnels précédemment étudiés. L’impact CC par kg était élevé en raison d’une quantité supérieure d’aliment nécessaire pour atteindre le poids d’abattage. Les impacts AC et EU par ha étaient relativement faibles. Les systèmes NDB ont des impacts typiques des systèmes extensifs et plein air porcins. Des études complémentaires dans le projet européen TREASURE permettront d’éclairer les dimensions économique et sociale de la durabilité de ces systèmes.
Productive performance of Krškopolje pig breed – Review of preliminary results
Authors: Batorek Lukač N. , Tomažin U. , Škrlep M. , Prevolnik Povše M. , Čandek-Potokar M.
Published: February 2019

As raças suínas locais estão adaptadas a ambientes locais específicos e são alimentadas com vários alimentos disponíveis localmente. Para além do seu interesse genético da óptica da agro-biodiversidade, elas representam uma base para fileiras suínas locais sustentáveis. O objetivo do presente trabalho é resumir os dados já disponíveis na literatura sobre a performance produtiva da raça autóctone Eslovena, a raça Krškopolje, que é uma das raças estudadas no âmbito do projeto TREASURE. Foi realizada uma pesquisa e revisão da literatura disponível sobre parâmetros produtivos (crescimento, qualidade de carcaça e da carne) de suínos Krškopolje. A revisão da literatura indica que o crescimento do nascimento ao abate é, em média, de 492 g/dia (339-637 g/dia, n=6). O abate é feito, em média, aos 293 dias de idade (230-360 dias; n=9) e a 118kg de peso vivo (90-145 kg; n=7). O rendimento de carcaça é, em média, de 77,3% (71,7 – 80,2%; n=9) e o teor em tecido magro de 43,5% (37,5–47,8%; n=7). A espessura da gordura dorsal medida ao nível da última costela é, em média, 38mm (28-53mm; n=11), enquanto que a área do lombo e a área da gordura do lombo são, em média, 32,6 e 33,0 cm2, respetivamente (23,2-41,7; n=5 e 27,7-42,2; n=4, respetivamente). Nos estudos que reportam a qualidade da carne de porcos Krškopolje, o pH 24h post-mortem no músculo Longissimus dorsi é, em média, 5,46 (5,28-5,60; n=7), a perda por gotejamento “drip loss” 48h post-mortem atinge 5,1% (3,9-6,7%; n=4) e o teor em gordura intramuscular é de 3,5% (2,7-4,6%; n=6). Embora havendo poucos estudos sobre o porco Krškopolje, a presente revisão dá uma primeira visão sobre a performances produtivas desta raça local.
Efectos del sexo y edad gestacional sobre la composición de ácidos grasos de fetos de cerdo Ibérico expuestos a malnutrición materna
Authors: García-Contreras C. , Vázquez-Gómez M. , Astiz S. , Torres-Rovira L. , Isabel B. , Óvilo C. , González-Bulnes A.
Published: February 2019

El crecimiento intrauterino retardado (CIR) es debido a un inadecuado aporte de oxígeno y/o nutrientes durante el desarrollo prenatal. La respuesta adaptativa de la descendencia es tiempo dependiente, pero además están aumentando las evidencias de que el sexo fetal ejerce un fuerte efecto modulador sobre dicha respuesta. El presente estudio pretendió determinar los efectos de la edad gestacional y el sexo fetal sobre la composición de ácidos grasos en tejidos no adiposos involucrados en la regulación metabólica durante el desarrollo de fetos con CIR. Para ello, se analizó la composición de ácidos grasos en hígado y músculo (longissimus dorsi) de fetos con CIR (obtenidos como consecuencia de una malnutrición materna) durante la gestación (día 70 vs. 90), así como el efecto del sexo (machos vs. hembras). La distribución final de los fetos muestreados fue de: 33 fetos a día 70 de gestación (13 hembras y 20 machos), y 23 fetos a día 90 (10 hembras y 13 machos). Tanto en hígado como en músculo, una mayor concentración de ácidos grasos saturados (SFA; P
Comments: A Lot to Be Proud Of
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: February 2019

Editor's column

Last year, the SPE Board of Directors approved a new 5-year Strategic Plan, a blueprint to provide guidance on how the association can meet the needs and expectations of its members and the industry over the next several years. The plan identified four strategic areas of emphasis to advance its vision in the near term: lifelong learning, knowledge transfer, membership engagement, and professional pride. It is the professional pride piece of that document that this issue of JPT is built around.

The professional pride segment identifies objectives such as helping SPE members better understand and become more inspired by the industry’s contributions to society, demonstrating the benefits of oil and gas so members can communicate that positive value to the public, and highlighting industry achievements as well as contributions to sustainability and social responsibility.

With that backdrop, the 45-page special section in this issue covers three main areas:

What satisfaction do petroleum engineers receive from the work they do?

What value does oil and gas bring to individuals and to society?

What trends and challenges will help define the future work of petroleum engineers?

JPT invited a variety of engineers to participate to ensure a broad perspective. In these pages, you will read about what practicing petroleum professionals value about their careers and what brings them the most reward; what specific contributions the industry is making to society, including some you might not regularly hear about in the media; some great individual and technical achievements; how to communicate these successes and contributions to an often skeptical public; and what issues the industry will confront in the coming years.

One of these issues is climate change, and no report on the oil and gas industry’s future would be complete without some discussion of this topic. But there is not universal agreement—in the public, in the industry, or in these pages—on the best approach to take in addressing this issue.

Nor is there agreement throughout the industry on future hydrocarbons demand and what role oil and gas will play in the global energy mix a decade or two from now. Industry reports from companies and consultancies often lay out different scenarios about hydrocarbon demand in the future and the “transition” to renewables. Some predict declines in crude demand for transportation because of the increased use of electric vehicles, while others see almost insatiable appetites for all forms of energy, both traditional and new. 

The oil and gas industry will likely look a lot different 10 or 20 years from now. But the role of petroleum engineers may not. The job of solving problems, figuring out how to get the most oil and gas out of the ground with the smallest environmental footprint, and ensuring that the world has sufficient energy to improve quality of life will continue.
Guest Editorial: Completion-System Reliability: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Lehr Doug
Published: February 2019

Guest editorial

All completions systems should enable the safe and profitable extraction of reserves. Implicit in this statement is the presence of a stable, consistently performing completion system—in other words, a system with reliable hardware. This means that the completion system will enable production (or injection) with no system failures, over an expected span of time. This time span can range from 1 week for unconventional completions (fracturing plugs) to 30 years for deepwater completions. In all cases, reliable operations over some time t, or R(t), is the expectation.

A goal for the completion system designer should be to maximize the useful life of the completion system (Fig.  1). In practice, this is achieved by minimizing what can be termed “infant mortality” and delaying the start of wear out.

To maximize R(t), reliability of components, configurations, and processes must be maximized.

Component Reliability Innovation leads to higher performance and optionality for most types of completion components. However, the development of new, innovative components also requires that their reliability be a design priority.

Today, important drivers of component reliability are industry codes and standards (ICS). The American Petroleum Institute, the International Organization for Standardization, and NOR-SOK are ICS organizations with extensive portfolios of product standards. Each organization routinely updates its legacy standards and creates new ones. The Advanced Well Equipment Standards Group is a newer ICS organization that has recently completed a product standard for inflow control devices and is creating standards for encapsulated cable and degradable materials. Overall, the pace of standards creation is accelerating.

A discussion of component reliability is incomplete without including the role of design for reliability (DFR) or design-assurance programs. These programs ensure that reliability receives due diligence in component development. The use of design failure mode effect analysis (DFMEA) is a cornerstone of an effective DFR program. These programs should be more prominent; this gap presents an opportunity for improvement.

So, considering the question, “Where have we been?”, the answer is that the journey to date has been one of continuing improvements in the reliability of completion components. 

Configuration Reliability Is an Opportunity

Of the technical paper abstracts I reviewed for the Completions feature in the April 2019 issue of JPT, 52% focus on completion configuration or optimization. Few abstracts focus on the ability of the completion configuration to perform reliably over long spans of time. Two critical aspects of configuration reliability are longevity and survivability.
Meeting the World’s Energy Needs Through Innovation and Insight
Authors: Nengkoda Ardian , Saputelli Luigi , Holtzclaw Joyce , Delamaide Eric , Lehr Doug , Marathe R. V. , Knode Tom , Rylance Martin , Babadagli Tayfun
Published: February 2019

Special Section: The Value and Future of Petroleum Engineering

JPT asked several active SPE members about the appeal of petroleum engineering, the significance of the work they do, and what the future may hold. Here are some of their answers.

What are the most positive aspects of being a petroleum engineer?

I dreamed of being a petroleum engineer as early as middle school in the 1990s. Eventually, I studied petroleum engineering in college. After spending more than 20 years in the oil and gas industry, working in numerous countries and being involved in many megaprojects, I believe the most positive aspect of being a petroleum engineer is the fact that we deal with the world’s energy needs. The task of pro-duction alone faces many challenges, but at the same time, we as petroleum engineers are responsible for a proactive approach to safety and the environment in our operations. We are heavily involved in technology, which allows us to explore and produce resources safely and minimize environmental impact. 

Ardian Nengkoda, Group Lead, Saudi Aramco

Being a petroleum engineer means that you follow one of the most influential career paths in our society because hydrocarbon resources will continue to be the dominant source of energy for the next 5 decades, and their use will be required for the next century and beyond.

Luigi Saputelli, Petroleum Engineering Consultant, Frontender

I have always felt that by being a petroleum engineer I am helping people to live a better life. We make transportation possible; we keep people warm; we provide medicine and material for plastics such as cell phones, computers, and many other things that are part of the modern lifestyle. I enjoy being a petroleum engineer because in a single day you can do a huge variety of things, and over the course of a career you can change your focus from production to reservoir or drilling and face new challenges and learn more with each passing year. Through SPE we can always be learning. I have also loved the fact that in every company I was encouraged to do volunteer work in the community, from giving talks to grade schools, judging science fairs, teaching children and adults to read, planting trees, picking up trash, mentoring, and serving on a board. The ways we are encouraged to serve is endless. 

Joyce Holtzclaw, Senior Vice President, E&B Natural Resources