bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OTULIN regulates uveal melanoma tumorigenicity by deubiquitinating IGSF11
Authors: Qili Chen , Wang Jing , Wei Wei , Hu Yanping , Zhang Baohui
Published: May 2024

Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignancy and is known for its poor prognosis and resistance to existing therapies. This study explores the role of OTULIN, a deubiquitinating enzyme, in the pathogenesis of UVM by modulating tumor cell dynamics via its interaction with Immunoglobulin Superfamily Member 11 (IGSF11). We show that OTULIN forms a direct interaction with IGSF11, stabilizing it by cleaving its attached ubiquitin chains and thus preventing its proteasomal degradation. This stabilization significantly boosts UVM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while simultaneously reducing apoptosis. These effects collectively enhance tumor aggressiveness and the potential for metastasis. Furthermore, our findings reveal an epigenetic regulation mechanism wherein TET3 controls OTULIN expression by modifying methylation patterns, thereby connecting DNA methylation status with the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in cancer. Overall, this study not only advances our understanding of the molecular dynamics driving UVM but also positions the OTULIN-IGSF11 axis as a promising new target for therapeutic intervention, potentially leading to more effective treatments for this challenging cancer.
Adaptive event-triggered control for stochastic nonholonomic systems with unknown virtual control coefficients
Authors: Du Qinghui , Wang Sitian
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an event-triggered adaptive neural network control algorithm for stochastic nonholonomic systems with virtual control coefficients being unknown time-varying functions under a novel event-triggered threshold mechanism. The event-triggered mechanism can switch smoothly between fixed and relative threshold, which is ﬁrstly considered for stochastic nonholonomic systems to reduce the communication burden. We give a state-input scaling transformation to transform the stochastic nonholonomic systems into a new system to make it easier to design the controller. By introducing a monotone-decreasing positive continuous function, we construct a suitable adaptive event-triggered controller that can overcome the effect of unknown virtual control coefficients on system performance, while ensuring that all states of the closed-loop system are bounded in probability. An adaptive event-triggered control-based switching strategy is employed to eliminate the uncontrollability phenomenon. The effectiveness of the established control approach is demonstrated through an example.
Enhanced Cycle Life Achievement and Design of a Lithium Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwan , Oh Hyeong-Seok
Published: May 2024

The development of Li metal batteries with increased lifespan and energy density is crucial for next-generation energy storage systems. To achieve this, it is necessary to control the growth of Li dendrites, which can lead to cycle performance issues and safety concerns. One approach to increasing the energy density of large-scale Li metal-based batteries is to use thin Li metal anodes. However, fabricating thin Li metal anodes from natural oxide layers can be difficult. In this study, we used pure Li metal powder to fabricate thin Li metal anodes, which do not possess a natural oxide layer. This resulted in Li plating with a low overpotential on the unprotected Li metal surface. Our fabricated LiMP symmetric cell maintained a stable cycle for over 170 hours at a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2, demonstrating superior performance compared to bare Li metal foil. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) using a polymer solid electrolyte and an oxide-based solid electrolyte in the fabricated LiMP symmetric cell. At 0.1mA/cm2, the conventional Li symmetric cell experienced polarization after 200 hours, while the LiMP symmetric cell remained stable even after 600 hours. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the development of high-performance Li metal batteries.
Enhancing Water Conservation through Deficit Irrigation and Mulching in Nile Basin Countries: Assessing Blue Water Saving Potential
Authors: Management Natural , Birara Hailu , Teklay Achenafi , Girma Abel , Zewdie Meskerem , Ararssa Amanuel
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the potential water savings achieved through implementing deficit irrigation (DI) combined with mulching in the Nile Basin countries. The study analyzes the effects of blue water consumption and water footprint (WF) on various crops in the Nile basin countries. We utilized the AquaCrop-OS model to evaluate the effects of blue crop water use and water footprint of dominant crops. Changes in blue crop water use (CWU) varied between countries and crops, ranging from − 34% to -1%. Yield varied in the simulations, with some decreases and some increases compared to the reference (R). The blue water footprint exhibited relative changes ranging from − 47–35%. The changes in blue water footprint (measured in m³/y) resulting from deficit irrigation and mulching impacted production while maintaining a constant irrigation area. In South Sudan, for cotton, DI1 resulted in a -12.5% relative decrease in blue WF compared to R. However, the reduction in blue WF was more significant (-37.2% relative decrease) when DI1M compared to R. Other countries also experienced varying reductions in blue WF for crops. These findings show the possibility of saving water while keeping production levels stable. In Egypt, DI1 resulted in an 8.0% reduction in blue WF compared to R. Combining DI1M led to a more significant reduction of 37.2%. This study provides useful information for water conservation decision-makers in the Nile Basin countries.
Circular RNA MMP9 interacts with HNRNPC and HRNPA1 and potentially influences the expression of BIRC5 by sequestering miR-149 and supporting glioblastoma progress
Authors: Amini Javad , Zafarjafarzadeh Nikta , Ghahramanlu Sara , Mohammadalizadeh Omid , Mozaffari Elaheh , Bibak Bahram , Sanadgol Nima
Published: May 2024

Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents a significant challenge in neuro-oncology due to its aggressive behavior and self-renewal capacity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subset of long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) generated through mRNA back-splicing, are gaining attention as potential targets for GBM research. In our study, we sought to explore the functional role of circMMP9 (circular form of matrix metalloproteinase-9) as a promising therapeutic target for GBM through bioinformatic predictions and NGS data analysis.
Results
Our results suggest that circMMP9 functions as a sponge for miR-149 and miR-542, both of which show upregulation in GBM based on microarray data analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that reduced levels of miR-149 and miR-542 correlate with worse survival outcomes in GBM, suggesting their role as tumor suppressors. Importantly, miR-149 has been demonstrated to inhibit the expression of BIRC5 (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5, also known as survivin), a significant promoter of proliferation in GBM. BIRC5 is not only upregulated in GBM but also in various other cancers, including neuroblastoma and other brain cancers. Our protein-protein interaction analysis highlights the significance of BIRC5 as a central hub gene in GBM. CircMMP9 seems to influence this complex relationship by suppressing miR-149 and miR-542, despite their increased expression in GBM. Additionally, we found that circMMP9 directly interacts with HNRNPC (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C) and HRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), although not within their protein-binding domains. This suggests that HNRNPC and HRNPA1 may play a role in transporting circMMP9. Moreover, RNA-seq data from GBM patient samples confirmed the increased expression of BIRC5, PIK3CB, HNRNPC, and HRNPA1, further emphasizing the potential therapeutic significance of circMMP9 in GBM.
Conclusion
circMMP9 may regulate BIRC5 expression in GBM by sponging miR-149 and miR-542. BIRC5, in turn, suppresses apoptosis and enhances proliferation in GBM. Nonetheless, more extensive studies are advised to delve deeper into the roles of circMMP9, especially in the context of glioma.
(In)visible victims: stealthing and health consequences for Brazilian women
Authors: Ferrari Wendell , Nascimento Marcos Antonio Ferreira do , Rodrigues Liliana , Nogueira Conceição
Published: May 2024

Stealthing refers to the practice in which a man removes a condom without the woman’s consent during sexual intercourse. This article is an investigation that portrays stealthing as an event within the broader framework of the exercise of heterosexual sexuality, intergender power relationships, and contraceptive negotiation between peers. This research aimed to highlight the web of social relationships that engender processes around unprotected sexual intercourse without mutual agreement. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten women who had been victims of stealthing. This article focuses on the sexual, reproductive, and mental health consequences of the act in their lives. The empirical material comprises ten in-depth interviews with women aged 19–58 living in Brazilian urban areas. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The complex power relationships established in the couple engender different outcomes: respondents reported a search for post-intercourse emergency contraception, stories of pregnancy, abortion, STIs, the lack of support from professionals and institutions sought, different consequences for their mental health and the challenges of debating stealthing more clearly due to its invisibility in the Brazilian context. Stealthing is a gap in the scientific, legal, and popular literature that needs to be addressed. Taking on the intergender tension on the issue of stealthing, between female autonomy and male responsibility, is a central theme for those researching gender inequality in the field of sexuality in the social sciences and health.
Assessment of Treatment Outcomes of HIV Patients at the Omdurman management AIDS counseling Unit (OMACU) through using the Viral Load from March 2020 –August 2022
Authors: Alfadol Tarig Abdalrahman Abdallah , Nemeri Omer Merghani , Naael Abdalsalam Mohamed Ahmed , Jaber Mohammed Hammad
Published: May 2024

Background
HIV is a major public health problem, and its treatment involves antiretroviral therapy (ART), endeavoring to suppress the viral load to an undetectable level. It is important to identify and manage determinants of treatment failure among HIV-infected individuals to achieve optimal viral suppression. In Sudan, the data on first-line ART failure and determinants remains limited and insufficient.
Aim
To assess the treatment outcome of HIV patients using the viral load.
Methods
A cross-sectional hospital-based study enrolled 270 HIV patients in the Omdurman Management AIDS Care Unit (OMACU) during the period from March 2020 to August 2022. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory investigations were collected. Viral loads and WHO clinical stages at ART initiation and after one- year were included. Viral failures were defined as viral loads above 1,000 copies/mL.
Results
Out of 270 patients, 157 (58%) were males and 113 (42%) were females. Most of them, 188 (69.7%), were aged 25–49 years. Most of the cases 165 (61.1%) started the HAART in 2015 and above. Most of the cases, 157 (58.1%), had WHO stage III initially. There are no significant changes in WHO classification after one year of drug use (P = 0.682). The rates of undetected or below 50 copies/mL viral load increased after one- year of drug use from 50.7–71.9% (P = 0.039). The overall viral failure rate was 15% (n = 41). The WHO-class-IV (OR = 12.5; CI = 2.3–67.1; P = 0.003) and poor medication adherence (OR = 23.1; CI = 3.9-136.1; P = 0.001) were the independent risk factors of viral failure.
Conclusion
The virological failure of first-line ART was as high as 15%. The study demonstrated that virological failure was associated with factors amenable to recognition through regular screening and early interventions. Advanced WHO clinical stages and poor ART drug adherence were significant determinants of virological failure.
Social body weight norms: A Population-Based Profile in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States
Authors: Leopold Liliya
Published: May 2024

Which body weight is considered ideal and socially accepted in modern societies? A widely held belief is that social body weight norms are strict and thin in Western societies. This belief is supported by empirical evidence drawn from samples that do not necessarily represent common views in the population. This study presents the first population-based profile of social body weight norms using survey data collected in 2019 in the United States (N = 1,390, ages 18 to 84), Germany (N = 4,285, ages 24 to 74), and the Netherlands (N = 2,040, ages 18 to 84). Norms were measured on a validated figure rating scale. In all study populations, male and female figures representing the range from normal weight to slight overweight were generally rated as ideal and neither too thin nor too heavy. Heavier norms were found in older people and men, and more often in the Netherlands than in Germany and the United States. People generally perceived social body weight norms as thinner than what actual ratings revealed. This perception bias was most pronounced in the United States. These findings provide a population-representative baseline of social body weight norms and contradict the notion of a thinness norm.
Dirofilariasis Presenting as Pleural Effusion: a Rare Case Report With Unusual Manifestations and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Valčiukaitė-Žilinskienė Rolanda , Zablockienė Birutė , Zablockis Rolandas
Published: May 2024

Background: We present an extremely rare manifestation of dirofilariasis in the pleural cavity. This is the first human pulmonary dirofilariasis reported in Lithuania; according to our knowledge, only two other patients were documented with this pathology in the world.
Case presentation: A 72-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of dyspnea, left-side chest pain, and a dry cough. She was a retiree living alone in the countryside without domestic pets (sometimes stray dogs appear) or a travel history. A complete blood count was within normal limits, with a CRP level of 16.8 mg/l and D-dimer concentration of 900 µg/l, which raised suspicion of pulmonary embolism. In chest computed tomography angiography, pulmonary embolism was excluded, and only left pleural effusion without abnormal lesions was confirmed. Right thoracocentesis was performed, and the pleural fluid was evaluated as an exudate with a predominance of eosinophils (59%), along with the presence of parasites. These parasites exhibited the morphology of Dirofilaria repens. Oral doxycycline (100 mg, twice daily) and albendazole (400 mg, twice daily) were prescribed for a 14-day course. A month later, there were no pathological findings on the chest X-ray, and the patient no longer had respiratory symptoms. However, the patient presented with a newly emerged, painful palpable right axillary region mass. Ultrasound imaging revealed a 1.5 x 2 cm nodule, which was surgically removed. Parasites consistent with Dirofilaria repens were suspected but not definitively identified. Pharmacological treatment for dirofilariasis was not further prescribed.
Conclusions: This case encourages doctors to be more vigilant because the patient, who neither traveled nor kept any pets, contracted dirofilariasis. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines are lacking, necessitating further research. Treatment with doxycycline and albendazole yielded positive outcomes, suggesting potential efficacy.
Current Pinch Effect during Solar Flare Eruptions
Authors: Li Haili , Liang Hongfei , Zhou Xinping , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

Based on the vector magnetograms obtained from the SDO/HMI, we calculate the line-of-sight current density distribution of the active region on 2017 September 6, using the integral form of Ampere's law. Comparing the distribution of the current density and the observed flare, we find that: Firstly, the changing trend of the total current density of the active region was consistent with the change of the X-ray flux of the X9.3 flare. Secondly, the distribution of the double-ribbon flare was co-spatial with a pair of conjugate current ribbons with opposite polarities, which were consistently located on both sides of the Line-of line. Additionally, these current ribbons exhibit significant and continuous changes during the flare eruption: During the early phase of the flare eruption, there was a substantial decrease in the area of the current ribbons, resulting in the emergence of a series of high-density small current islands. During the later phase, not only the area rapidly increases, but the flare kernel evolves into a the flare band with the full release of energy. We have discovered a strong spatial correspondence between the flare kernel and the current islands through positional comparisons. This process is consistent with the physical phenomenon of the current pinch effect. Therefore, we speculate that a current pinch effect may occur during the flare eruption, and the formation of the flare kernel is likely attributed to the current pinch effect.
Test Validity of The Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PrAS) for Pregnant Women in Indonesia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kurniawati Wiwit , Tong Chien Wai , Lantu Nurlela , Santi Neni Fidya , Astuti Yunita Laila , Faradiena Fayna , Kusumaningrum Arie
Published: May 2024

Background
Anxiety is become a common disorder during pregnancy. The Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PrAS) is a common tool for assess pregnancy anxiety. However, not yet validated in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PrAS in Indonesia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 92 pregnant women at the Public Health Center in Indonesia. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) measured the relevancy of each item with the content (pregnancy anxiety) and items interrater-reliability. The construct validity Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to test the construct validity of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS).
Results
The mean age of pregnant women who participated was 29.12 years (SD = 4.85) with their pregnancy age mean 28 weeks. The content validity using CVI shows that 29 of 32 items are valued 1.00, the same score produced on the CVR. Indicating only 3 items need to be reviewed or revised. Regarding the construct validity, the final model of the PrAS was 7 dimensions which initially formed 8 dimensions. Although the Chi-square (χ2) index was not a good fit (df = 370, p-value = 0.0001) this multidimensional model fits the data supported by the index of Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) estimate was 0.058. Followed by the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) were 0.978 and 0.976 respectively, meaning that the goodness of fit indices were obtained. This pilot study results in a valid instrument of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS).
Conclusions
The Indonesian version of the PrAS is a valid tool for screening and assessing Indonesian women's pregnancy-related anxiety.
Evaluation of the effects of the Zika Virus-Immunoglobulin G+ complex on murine microglial cells
Authors: Siqueira Laura Silva , Rodrigues Felipe Valle Fortes , Zanatta Ângela , Goncalves João Ismael Budelon , Ghilardi Isadora Machado , Alcará Allan Marinho , Becker Nicole Bernd , Pinzetta Giulia , Zanirati Gabriele , Becker Bruno Maestri Abrianos , Erwig Helena Scartassini , Costa Jaderson Costa , Marinowic Daniel Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

After the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil, ZIKV infections were linked to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and congenital anomalies. Due to the virus’s ability to cross the placenta and reach brain tissue, its effects become severe, leading to Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) and resulting in neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and secretion of neurotoxic factors. The presence of ZIKV triggers an inadequate fetal immune response, as the fetus only has the protection of maternal antibodies of the Immunoglobulin G (IgG) class, which are the only antibodies capable of crossing the placenta. Because of limited understanding regarding the long term consequences of ZIKV infection and the involvement of maternal antibodies, this study sought to assess the impact of the ZIKV+IgG⁺complex on murine microglial cells. The cells were exposed to ZIKV, IgG antibodies, and the ZIKV+IgG⁺complex for 24 and 72 hours. Treatment-induced cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the cell viability assay, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The findings indicated that IgG antibodies exhibit cytotoxic effects on microglia, whether alone or in the presence of ZIKV, leading to compromised cell viability, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and heightened oxidative damage. Our conclusion is that IgG antibodies exert detrimental effects on microglia, triggering their activation and potentially disrupting the creation of a neurotoxic environment. Moreover, the presence of antibodies may correlate with an elevated risk of ZIKV-induced neuroinflammation, contributing to long-term CNS damage.
Acute remote home monitoring of acutely ill COVID-19 patients: How Dutch home monitoring initiatives were organized during the pandemic
Authors: Smit Karin , Uum Rick T. van , Rijks Stella , de Pol Alma C. van , Ahmad Abeer , Venekamp Roderick P. , Rutten Frans H. , Zwart Dorien L.M.
Published: May 2024

Background
Acute remote home monitoring of acutely ill COVID-19 patients holds potential for early detection of deterioration. Subsequent early intervention may prevent progression to severe illness and need for respiratory support.
Methods
We performed literature searches (both grey and academic) between 1 March 2020 and 1 March 2023 to identify Dutch acute remote home monitoring initiatives, excluding studies on early discharge from hospital. From the available protocols, we extracted relevant information on patient eligibility, organization of acute remote home monitoring and home management.
Results
We identified and approached ten acute remote home monitoring initiatives for information on their used protocols. Seven out of ten protocols were retrieved and assessed. Of these, all focused on adult COVID-19 patients at risk of developing severe COVID-19 with high risk of hospitalization and offered close follow-up through remote home monitoring with medically certified pulse oximeters. Measurements included peripheral oxygen saturation (all initiatives), body temperature (all but one), heart frequency per minute (four initiatives) and/or breathing rate per minute (four initiatives). For follow-up and review of measured values, in most initiative (6 of 7) a physician (general practitioner or hospital physician) was supported by a dedicated monitoring center. In 5 of 7 initiatives, the general practitioner (GP) was responsible for supervising patients and monitoring staff.
Conclusion
The acute remote home monitoring initiatives that emerged in the Netherlands during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were similarly organized. Important key elements for home monitoring are regular daily check of peripheral oxygen saturation, monitoring via a dedicated remote monitoring center staffed with healthcare personnel and supervising physician.
Hypomethylation of The Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor Class A Domain Containing 4 Gene in Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Chinese population
Authors: Song Jingjing , Liu Zhen , Yang Fan , Zhang Ting , Pan Zhenglun
Published: May 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is characterized by destruction of synovial joints. The pathogenesis of RA is unclear, and DNA methylation plays important roles in the expression of related genes. LDLRAD4 is identified from three GWAS, in which the expression of LDLRAD4 was different in RA. LDLRAD4functions as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling, which affects cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. There are few studies on the correlation between LDLRAD4 methylation and RA, and this study aims to investigate the relationship in Chinese population.
Methods and Results: Clinical information and peripheral blood samples of 150 RA and 150 healthy controls were collected, and DNA methylation levels of LDLRAD4 gene and CpG sites were detected. Hypomethylation of LDLRAD4 genewas observed in RA patients, especially LDLRAD4-43F and LDLRAD4-44F regions. The AUC value of LDLRAD4-44F region was 0.78 to predict disease. In RF+/CCP- group, methylation levels of LDLRAD4, LDLRAD4-42-1F, LDLRAD4-43F and LDLRAD4-44F regions were strongly correlated withDAS28, ESR and CRP, while in RF-/CCP+ group, LDLRAD4-42-2F region was strongly correlated with ESR and CRP.
Conclusions: LDLRAD4 methylation is a potential diagnostic and inflammatory indicator of RA.
Treatment of Unstable Forearm Fractures at the Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Junction in Children: Antegrade ESIN vs Transepiphyseal Intramedullary K-wire Fixation
Authors: Dietzel Markus , Scherer Simon Scherer , Spogis Jakob , Kirschner Hans Joachim , Fuchs Jörg , Lieber Justus
Published: May 2024

Background
Treatment of unstable forearm fractures in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (MDJ) zone is still a matter of debate. Major drawbacks of all types of fixations include either invasiveness, technical impracticality, or lack of acceptance by patients. This study reports results after antegrade ESIN (a-ESIN) compared to transepiphyseal intramedullary K-wire (TIK) for unstable MDJ forearm fractures.
Methods
The MDJ of the forearm was defined as the square over the joints of both forearm bones subtracted with the square over the metaphysis of the radius alone. The data of 40 consecutive patients < 16 years of age who were treated either by a-ESIN (later treatment period) or TIK (early treatment period) for an unstable MDJ forearm fracture at a single high-volume pediatric trauma center were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The average age was slightly lower in the first group (TIK = 7.42 years; a-ESIN = 10.5 years). An additional ulna fracture was found in 50% of cases and was treated with a classic antegrade ESIN in 10/20 (TIK) and 6/20 cases (a-ESIN). Additional plaster cast immobilization was performed in all cases with TIK and in three cases with a-ESIN. After TIK, no complication, malalignment, or functional limitation occurred. After a-ESIN, 19/20 patients had an event-free course with stable retention and healing without axial malalignment. In one case, a temporary sensor dysfunction occurred. The same patient suffered a refracture two months after the original trauma, which required a closed reduction. Metal removal was performed after 84 days (TIK) and 150 days (a-ESIN). The outcome in all patients was good.
Conclusion
Both a-ESIN and TIK are minimally invasive procedures that are technically easy to perform. Both methods are safe and lead to a complete restoration of the forearm's range of motion. The decisive advantage of a-ESIN is the possibility of postoperative immobilization-free rehabilitation.
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy: volumetric brain analysis and associated retinal thinning
Authors: Pajareeyapong Punpath , Buathong Sittaya , Thammasarnsophon Sasi , Sathianvichitr Kanchalika , Rattanathamsakul Natthapon , Chirapapaisan Niphon , Ngamsombat Chanon
Published: May 2024

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA), an inherited mitochondrial disorder, leads to retinal thinning and gradual visual loss. The symptoms could develop in associated with other presentations like progressive external ophthalmoplegia, myopathy or deafness and will be called as DOA-plus (DOA+). While central nervous system involvement is known to cause cortical and cerebellar atrophy, specific patterns remain unspecified. This study aims to reveal cortical lobe abnormalities in DOA+ patients compared to healthy controls and explore the correlation between the primary visual cortex (V1) and retinal thinning in DOA+ patients.
Seven DOA+ patients and seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a 3T-MRI of the brain to obtain 3D T1-weighted images and optical coherence tomography. Cortical analyses of the whole brain including surface area, gray matter volume, and average thickness was performed by Freesurfer software.
DOA+ patients demonstrated a significant atrophy in the V1 and all cortical lobes (p < 0.001), where the occipital lobe exhibited the highest degree of gray matter volume atrophy and surface area loss (25.1% reduction, p<0.001). The atrophy of V1 showed a strong positive correlation with retinal thinning (p<0.001). This suggests retinal thinning might be associated with trans-synaptic degeneration, leading to V1 atrophy.
Assessment of Different Neoplasias in the Adnexa Model Versus Risk of Malignancy Index as a Tool for Predicting Ovarian Malignancy in Postmenopausal Ovarian Cysts
Authors: ElMaraghy Ahmed Mohammed , El-Shalakany Amr Hassan , Dwedar Asmaa Mohamed , Labib Kareem , Morsi Hassan , Ahmed Mortada Elsayed
Published: May 2024

Background
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and every attempt should be made to develop screening programs to detect it at its early stages in order to improve survival rate. Using the ADNEX model in screening for ovarian cancer will help in triaging patients with adnexal masses before undergoing surgery which will help in optimizing outcomes particularly for those with ovarian malignancy.
Patients & methods:
This was a prospective study which included fifty postmenopausal patients with adnexal mass. All the included patients underwent ultrasound assessment of the adnexal mass and measurement of CA 125 level. Then, the data were collected to calculate the RMI, and integrated to IOTA ADNEX calculator. The primary outcome was determining the predictive accuracy of both RMI and ADNEX model for differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors by setting both against the gold standard histopathology
Results
Out of the included 50 patients, 56% had benign ovarian lesions, 12% had borderline ovarian tumors, and 24% had malignant ovarian tumors. The Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the RMI was 0.799 and with cutoff value of 115, the sensitivity was 81.8%, the specificity was 60.7% while the AUC was 0.864 for the ADNEX model and at 10% cutoff, the sensitivity was 91.1% and the specificity was 65%. Performance of the ADNEX for the five tumor types was highest when benign histopathology was compared as stage Ⅱ - Ⅳ malignant cases with AUC of 0.823.
Conclusion
ADNEX model is more sensitive than RMI for differentiating between benign and malignant tumors and it can be used as screening test. However, the application of ADNEX model needs significant experience in ultrasound evaluation of adnexal masses before it can be an integral part in the screening pathway of ovarian malignancy in postmenopausal patients with adnexal masses.
Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05755841 – Data of registration: 3/30/2024 “retrospectively registered”
Maxent modeling for predicting suitable habitats for wild ungulates: a case study of typical canyons in the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve of China
Authors: Niu Le , Li Ping , Hao Zhenzhen , Ma Junyong
Published: May 2024

Purpose
In the fragmented and isolated Zhongtie Military Protection Area of the Sanjiangyuan National Park, endangered ungulate species—including horse musk deer, blue sheep, and red deer—face significant risks due to habitat degradation and loss, exacerbated by climate change and human activities. This study aims to understand the habitat preferences of ungulates and predict their spatial distributions within the park, contributing to conservation efforts amid climatic shifts. Due to the scarcity of detailed, scientific data on ungulate distributions, populations, and habitats, this study seeks to fill these critical knowledge gaps.
Materials and Methods
We deployed 55 infrared cameras along the main stream of the Yellow River and in typical canyons on both sides of the China Railway Military Protection Zone within the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve. The cameras recorded 2,948 occurrences of ungulates from April to September 2023. We utilized the MaxEnt model to analyze habitat distribution of horse musk deer and blue sheep, incorporating nine environmental variables.
Results
The model's predictive accuracy, as indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) for Alpine musk deer (0.980) and Blue sheep (0.976), demonstrates its effectiveness. Our analysis identifies climate as the primary influence on habitat distribution, with key factors being annual mean temperature, daily temperature range, altitude, and annual precipitation-contributing to 39.3%, 25.4%, 18.7%, 10.1% for Alpine musk deer, and 40.5%, 23.5%, 14.1%, 11.8% for Blue sheep, respectively. Habitat suitability analysis reveals that 9.61% and 10.84% of the reserve's terrain are viable for Alpine musk deer and Blue sheep, respectively, based on established model thresholds.
Conclusions
The findings of this study are crucial for the protection of existing wildlife and the identification of potential conservation zones for ungulates. By delineating areas of high habitat suitability, this research supports targeted conservation planning and management efforts within the Sanjiangyuan Reserve, thereby aiding in the sustainable preservation of these endangered species.
Level of household’s head satisfaction and associated factors towards Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) schemes among enrollees in Northwest Ethiopia. A community- based cross-sectional study
Authors: Leykun Yasab , Tadesse Getasew , Ketemaw Asmamaw , Getahun Belay Alemayehu , Getahun Ashenafi Fekade , Messelu Mengistu Abebe
Published: May 2024

Background: The level of household heads’ satisfaction with community-based health insurance schemes is more likely to affect their decision to remain enrolled and the entrance of new members. However, studies regarding household heads’ satisfaction with the community-based health insurance schemes are scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction with a community-based health insurance schemes and associated factors among heads of households in Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1-30, 2022. A systematic random sampling technique with multi-stage sampling was used to select 604 study participants. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. An Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) was computed to evaluate the strength of the association, and variables with a p-value <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant.
Results: This study found that about 56.1% of household heads’ were satisfied with the CBHI schemes. Being older age (AOR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.94), rural residence (AOR=4.13; 95% C.I: 2.24, 7.62), visited only health center (AOR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.55), distance from a health facility (AOR=3.18; 95% CI: 1.82, 5.55), agreement with prescribed drugs (AOR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.92), friendliness with healthcare provider (AOR=3.65; 95% CI: 2.18, 6.10), and had a good knowledge of benefit packages (AOR=3.00; 95% CI: 1.93, 4.67) were significantly associated with household head satisfaction.
Conclusion: The overall satisfaction of households' heads with the CBHI schemes was good. Age, residence, type of health facility visited, distance from health facilities, friendliness with healthcare providers, agreement with prescribed drugs, and knowledge of CBHI benefit packages were statistically significant predictors of satisfaction. Further study is needed using a strong study design or a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach.
Real-time monitoring of bioelectrical impedance for minimizing tissue carbonization in microwave ablation of porcine liver
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wei Wei , Qian Lu , Yao Liuye , Xing Lidong , Jin Xiaofei , Qian Zhiyu
Published: May 2024

The charring tissue generated by high temperature during microwave ablation can affect the therapeutic effect, such as limiting the volume of the coagulation zone and causing rejection. This paper aimed to prevent tissue carbonization at the same time while delivering an appropriate thermal dose for effective ablations by employing a treatment protocol with real-time monitoring of bioelectrical impedance. Firstly, based on finite element simulation, the current field response under different ablation states. Next, the impedance changes measured by the electrodes were correlated to the physical state of the ablated tissue, and the degree of carbonization was monitored and controlled in real time. Finite element simulations revealed that the dielectric properties of biological tissues changed dynamically during the ablation process. The relative change rule of the electrical impedance magnitude of the ex vivo porcine liver throughout the entire MWA process and the reduction of the central region carbonization were obtained by the MWA experiment. Charring tissue was eliminated without water cooling at 40 W and significantly reduced at 50 W and 60 W. The carbonization during MWA can be reduced according to the relative change pattern of tissue electrical impedance for optimizing microwave thermal ablation efficacy.
Untenable Dynamics of Reward Sensitivity in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Shen Lei , Hu Ya-xin , Lv Qin-yu , Yi Zheng-hui , Gong Jing-bo , Yan Chao
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Anhedonia has been recognized as one of the core symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), which is associated with blunted reward sensitivity. Nonetheless, the psychopathological and computational mechanism underlying anhedonia in young patients with MDD remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated reward sensitivity in adolescents and young adults with MDD by leveraging computational modelling.
Methods
A total of seventy MDD patients and fifty-four age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) participated in a probabilistic reward task (PRT) to assess individuals' general behavioral inclination towards more frequently reinforced stimuli (i.e., “reward bias”). We adopted Bayesian hierarchical drift diffusion modelling (HDDM) to determine changes in reward sensitivity and computational process during the stage of decision-making.
Results
During the latter phase of the task, young patients with MDD displayed a lower level of reward bias compared to the HC group. Noteworthily, depressed adolescents exhibited a lower reward bias, while no significant between-group differences were observed in young adulthood. The HDDM analysis additionally revealed a decrease in drift rate and an increase in decision threshold among depressed adolescents, correlating with higher levels of depression and reduced hedonic capacity.
Conclusions
Our results implied that deficient reward sensitivity and slower evidence accumulation in reward learning could serve as potential indicators of anhedonia in adolescent patients with MDD, thereby offering insights into the developmental psychopathology of depression.
Chemical composition and studying the possible neuroprotective effect of iridoids-rich fraction from Pentas lanceolata leaves using rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease in mice
Authors: Afifi Ahmed M. , Sweelam Heba-Tollah M. , El-Shamarka Marwa E. , Orban Hisham A. , Elesawy Wesam H. , Nagata Maki , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Abd-Alla Howaida Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

Globally Parkinsonism is the most disabling disease that affects the motor coordination in people over 65 years old due to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Medications that are used for treatment of Parkinson’s disease have serious side effects so bioactive compounds derived from plants have been examined for treatment of Parkinsonism. In this study the iridoids-rich fraction isolated from Pentas lanceolata (PIRF) leaves was investigated for its phytoconstituents. Seven iridoids (1-7) and one flavonol diglycoside (8) were isolated, and their chemical structures were achieved by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and ESI-MS spectral data. Compound 1 (6β,7β-epoxy-8-epi-splendoside) and 5 (gaertneroside) were isolated for the first time from Pentas genus as well as compound 8 (kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside). The current study aims to investigate the possible anti-parkinsonian effect of PIRF using a rotenone model of Parkinsonism in mice. Behavioural tests (wire hanging, stair and wooden-walking tests) were done to examine the motor coordination in mice after treatment. Biochemical and histopathological examinations for brain striatum in different groups were also evaluated. Treatment of mice with PIRF had counteracted the effect of rotenone on grip strength and motor coordination as they were restored back to normal levels. Dopamine and AChE levels were elevated again in brain homogenate of PIRF treated groups. Treatment with PIRF masked the inflammatory effect of rotenone as the MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF- α decreased again to their normal content. PIRF also restored the β-amyloid content to its normal level as in the control group. The oxidative stress produced in brain tissues due to rotenone treatment was masked by the antioxidant effect of PIRF. The anti-parkinsonian effect of PIRF could be attributed to their bioactive constituents of iridoids.
We carried her in a wheelbarrow to the clinic”: Process evaluation of the AMETHIST intervention combining microplanning with self-help groups to improve HIV prevention and treatment among female sex workers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Machingura Fortunate , Madimutsa Gracious , Makamba Memory , Kujeke Tatenda , Takaruza Albert , Maguma Jaspar , Ali Sanni , Chabata Sungai T , Matambanadzo Primrose , Steen Richard , Shahmanesh Maryam , Mpofu Amon , Mugurungi Owen , Phillips Andrew N , Hargreaves James R , Cowan Frances M , Busza Joanna
Published: May 2024

Background
The Adapted Microplanning to Eliminate Transmission of HIV in Sex Transactions (AMETHIST) randomized controlled trial tested a combination of Microplanning (peer-led risk-differentiated support) and self-help groups (SHGs) to reduce the proportion of female sex workers (FSW) at risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV infection in Zimbabwe. The trial found overall high levels of FSW engagement with treatment which further improved in intervention sites. HIV prevention uptake, however, was low and not affected by AMETHIST.
Methods
We conducted a mixed methods process evaluation to assess implementation, explore FSW perceptions, and understand the trial’s outcomes. We integrated routine programme statistics, qualitative data, and an endline respondent driven sampling survey among 4444 FSW to consider fidelity of implementation, feasibility of delivery, and acceptability. We also examined whether the intervention triggered changes hypothesised in its programme theory.
Results
Microplanning was successfully introduced, with peers effectively providing risk-differentiated support. Early difficulties related to mapping sex work “hotspots”, maintaining contact with mobile FSW, and some resistance to regular risk assessments, but double the number of new FSW registered at intervention clinics compared to comparison sites (8443 v 3824), and significantly more HIV tests were performed (11882 vs 6808).
SARS-COV2S disrupted the intervention, particularly SHG. Fewer groups were established than planned, and lockdowns prevented group members meeting in person and participating in collective activities. Nonetheless, 30 of 65 established SHG remained active after two years, and more SHG members registered with clinics than those reached by microplanning alone (82 cv 76% p,0.001). Increased service use did not increase effective prevention. Over 80% FSW reported condomless sex and PrEP adherence was insufficient to achieve protection. Qualitative data show FSW prefer to “wait” until HIV seroconversion before taking daily medication. They feared conflation of ART with PrEP and resulting stigma. Concerns about side effects and immediate financial priorities undermined perceived future benefits of PrEP and condoms.
Conclusions
Strengthening HIV prevention should consider how to improve FSW’s hope and agency alongside reducing stigma and supporting collective rights and action.
Trial Registration
The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry registered the trial 2nd July 2020 (PACTR202007818077777) which was after randomisation but before any research data were collected.
Analysis of the Impact of Agricultural Products Import Trade on Agricultural Carbon Productivity: Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Xinyao Wang , Yan Li , Li Dan
Published: May 2024

To realize the goal of “dual carbon”, China urgently needs to seek the path of low-carbon agricultural development. The existing agricultural trade deficit in China has become an established reality. As China progressively increases its agricultural openness to the global market and advances the low-carbon agricultural development, it holds both academic significance and practical relevance to analyze the impact of agricultural products import trade on China’s agricultural carbon productivity. This paper focuses on the period from 2000 to 2020 and takes 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China as the research object. It empirically examines the impact and mechanism of agricultural products import trade on agricultural carbon productivity by constructing a dynamic panel model, a dynamic panel threshold model, a dynamic panel quartile model, and a multiple intermediary effect model. This paper yields the following conclusions: Firstly, agricultural products import trade positively impacts agricultural carbon productivity. Secondly, there is a single threshold effect based on economic development level, that is, real per capita income of 8872.19 yuan, and after reaching the threshold, the promotion effect of agricultural products import trade on agricultural carbon productivity will decrease. Thirdly, agricultural products import trade increases agricultural carbon productivity by reducing agricultural factor inputs and upgrading agricultural production technology level, and agricultural products import trade decreases agricultural carbon productivity by adjusting agricultural industrial structure; Agricultural products import trade reduces agricultural carbon productivity by adjusting agricultural industrial structure. Therefore, this paper proposes to increase agricultural products imports moderately based on guaranteeing food security, optimize structure of agricultural production and agricultural products import trade, and leverage the technological spillover effects of agricultural products import trade and encourage agricultural scientific and technological innovation. These suggestions aim to elevate China’s agricultural carbon productivity and facilitate the green and low-carbon agricultural transformation.