bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questions on travel and sexual behaviours negatively impact ethnic minority donor recruitment: Effect of negative word‐of‐mouth and avoidance
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Mills Richard , Dawe‐Lane Erin , Khan Zaynah , Reynolds Claire , Davison Katy , Edge Dawn , Smith Robert , O'Hagan Niall , Desai Roshan , Croucher Mark , Eaton Nadine , Brailsford Susan R.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Donor selection questions differentially impacting ethnic minorities can discourage donation directly or via negative word‐of‐mouth. We explore the differential impact of two blood safety questions relating to (i) sexual contacts linked to areas where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates are high and (ii) travelling to areas where malaria is endemic. Epidemiological data are used to assess infection risk and the need for these questions.

Materials and Methods

We report two studies. Study 1 is a behavioural study on negative word‐of‐mouth and avoiding donation among ethnic minorities (n = 981 people from National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) and the general population: 761 were current donors). Study 2 is an epidemiology study (utilizing NHSBT/UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) surveillance data on HIV‐positive donations across the UK blood services between1996 and 2019) to assess whether the sexual risk question contributes to reducing HIV risk and whether travel deferral was more prevalent among ethnic minorities (2015–2019). Studies 1 and 2 provide complementary evidence on the behavioural impact to support policy implications.

Results

A high proportion of people from ethnic minorities were discouraged from donating and expressed negative word‐of‐mouth. This was mediated by perceived racial discrimination within the UK National Health Service. The number of donors with HIV who the sexual contact question could have deferred was low, with between 8% and 9.3% of people from ethnic minorities deferred on travel compared with 1.7% of White people.

Conclusion

Blood services need to consider ways to minimize negative word‐of‐mouth, remove questions that are no longer justified on evidence and provide justification for those that remain.
Simulation and Experimental Study of Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Behavior in Two-Dimensional Porous Medium Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Yin Shikang , Jiang Zhenhua , Gong Shuai , Lin Bingyao , Dong Deping
Published: November 2024

Loop heat pipe is a passive two-phase heat transfer device. The key component of the loop heat pipe is the evaporator. In this study, the gas–liquid two-phase behavior inside a two-dimensional porous medium with a single-pore size and multi-pore size distributions was comparatively studied, both experimentally and numerically by the lattice Boltzmann method. With a constant heat flux applied to the evaporator's shell, the wick initially fills with saturated liquid, then undergoes evaporation with vapor invasion, and partially dries out with a gas–liquid interface. Due to the multi-pore size distribution in porous medium, vapor is more easily expelled from the wick. There is a significant difference gas–liquid interface inside the wick between the single-pore size wick and the multi-pore size wick, and the temperature of the evaporator's shell of the multi-pore size wick is 27.6% lower than that of the single-pore size wick. To validate the numerical results, two loop heat pipes were built, including monoporous wick and biporous wick, respectively. The experiment found that under high power, the performance of loop heat pipe with biporous wick is significantly better than that of loop heat pipe with monoporous wick. The temperature of the biporous wick is 9.79 K lower than that of the monoporous wick at 230 W. Experiments and simulations show that the porous medium with multi-pore has better performance.
Large Eddy Simulation of an Open Fan Blade at Full-Scale Reynolds Number
Authors: Priebe Stephan , Jourdan Eduardo , Mousavi Arash , Karve Ravish , Chakrabarti Suryapratim , D’Aquila Luke , Yi Junsok , Alhawwary Mohammad , Bharadwaj Ananthan Varun , Ramakrishnan Kishore , Wood Trevor
Published: November 2024

Large-scale commercial turbofan designs are typically evaluated early in the technology maturation phase through subscale rig tests, while evaluations at full scale can only feasibly occur much later in a given engine development program. Therefore, how Reynolds number (Re) affects the aerodynamic and acoustic performance is of key interest while multiple candidate fan designs are still being evaluated and refined early in the program, and often tested scaled down to lower Re relative to the end application. To confidently evaluate full-scale Re performance, however, large-scale physical testing is traditionally required because the high-fidelity simulations needed to capture the complex physics associated with high Re turbulent flows, such as wall-resolved large eddy simulations (LES), are challenging due to the extremely high computational cost. In this article, we present wall-resolved LES of an open fan blade at full scale for a highly loaded design operating at a condition representative of takeoff for acoustic considerations. The simulations are at high order (up to sixth) and have been performed using the unstructured LES solver, GENESIS. These simulations extend prior research to allow for a study of practically relevant flight scale Re, for which wall-resolved LES is now possible with computing capability available at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) exascale supercomputer, Frontier. The observed effects at flight scale Reynolds number of the flow physics on the blade and into the wake are presented in specific regions of interest that can affect the overall blade aeroacoustic design.
Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Wet Compression Aerodynamic Performance of Multi-Stage Transonic Compressor
Authors: Zhu Zihuan , Wu Yadong , Ming Lele , Zhang Xinze , Ouyang Hua
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the gas–liquid two-phase flow in a multi-stage transonic compressor is numerically simulated based on the Euler–Lagrange method. The changes in wet compression aerodynamic characteristics of the compressor are investigated under various spraying conditions (droplet sizes and spraying rates). The results indicate that the compressor choking boundary moves to a smaller flowrate after spraying. Wet compression improves the efficiency of the compressor. The evaporation cooling effect of wet compression decreases the total temperature ratio and augments the specific power, resulting in an enhanced total pressure ratio. After the water droplets are injected into the compressor, due to the small rise of the airflow temperature in the upstream area, the evaporation cooling effect of droplets is weak. The negative effects of droplets lead to a reduction in the total pressure ratio of the first-stage compressor. As water droplets move downstream, the gradual increase in airflow temperature enhances the evaporation cooling effect, thereby improving the compressor performance. Water droplets migrate radially inside the compressor and gather toward the blade tip area, causing the gas phase mass flow inside the compressor to be redistributed in the radial direction. Wet compression enhances the capability of the rotor blades to perform work and airflow, leading to an increase in the airflow twist velocity.
Continuous evolution of user-defined genes at 1 million times the genomic mutation rate
Authors: Rix Gordon , Williams Rory L. , Hu Vincent J. , Spinner Aviv , Pisera Alexander (Olek) , Marks Debora S. , Liu Chang C.
Published: November 2024

When nature evolves a gene over eons at scale, it produces a diversity of homologous sequences with patterns of conservation and change that contain rich structural, functional, and historical information about the gene. However, natural gene diversity accumulates slowly and likely excludes large regions of functional sequence space, limiting the information that is encoded and extractable. We introduce upgraded orthogonal DNA replication (OrthoRep) systems that radically accelerate the evolution of chosen genes under selection in yeast. When applied to a maladapted biosynthetic enzyme, we obtained collections of extensively diverged sequences with patterns that revealed structural and environmental constraints shaping the enzyme’s activity. Our upgraded OrthoRep systems should support the discovery of factors influencing gene evolution, uncover previously unknown regions of fitness landscapes, and find broad applications in biomolecular engineering.
Hepatic vagal afferents convey clock-dependent signals to regulate circadian food intake
Authors: Woodie Lauren N. , Melink Lily C. , Midha Mohit , de Araújo Alan M. , Geisler Caroline E. , Alberto Ahren J. , Krusen Brianna M. , Zundell Delaine M. , de Lartigue Guillaume , Hayes Matthew R. , Lazar Mitchell A.
Published: November 2024

Circadian desynchrony induced by shiftwork or jet lag is detrimental to metabolic health, but how synchronous or desynchronous signals are transmitted among tissues is unknown. We report that liver molecular clock dysfunction is signaled to the brain through the hepatic vagal afferent nerve (HVAN), leading to altered food intake patterns that are corrected by ablation of the HVAN. Hepatic branch vagotomy also prevents food intake disruptions induced by high-fat diet feeding and reduces body weight gain. Our findings reveal a homeostatic feedback signal that relies on communication between the liver and the brain to control circadian food intake patterns. This identifies the hepatic vagus nerve as a potential therapeutic target for obesity in the setting of chronodisruption.
COVID-19 pandemic interventions reshaped the global dispersal of seasonal influenza viruses
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Tsui Joseph L.-H. , Gutierrez Bernardo , Busch Moreno Simon , du Plessis Louis , Deng Xiaowei , Cai Jun , Bajaj Sumali , Suchard Marc A. , Pybus Oliver G. , Lemey Philippe , Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Yu Hongjie
Published: November 2024

The global dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses inform the design of surveillance, intervention, and vaccination strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a singular opportunity to evaluate how influenza circulation worldwide was perturbed by human behavioral changes. We combine molecular, epidemiological, and international travel data and find that the pandemic’s onset led to a shift in the intensity and structure of international influenza lineage movement. During the pandemic, South Asia played an important role as a phylogenetic trunk location of influenza A viruses, whereas West Asia maintained the circulation of influenza B/Victoria. We explore drivers of influenza lineage dynamics across the pandemic period and reasons for the possible extinction of the B/Yamagata lineage. After a period of 3 years, the intensity of among-region influenza lineage movements returned to pre-pandemic levels, with the exception of B/Yamagata, after the recovery of global air traffic, highlighting the robustness of global lineage dispersal patterns to substantial perturbation.
C-LTMRs evoke wet dog shakes via the spinoparabrachial pathway
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Turecek Josef , Choi Seungwon , Delisle Michelle , Pamplona Caroline Leal , Meltzer Shan , Ginty David D.
Published: November 2024

Many hairy mammals perform rapid oscillations of their body, called wet dog shakes, to remove water and irritants from their back hairy skin. The somatosensory mechanisms that underlie this behavior are unclear. We report that Piezo2-dependent mechanosensation mediates wet dog shakes evoked by water or oil droplets applied to back hairy skin of mice. Unmyelinated C-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs) were activated by oil droplets, and their optogenetic activation elicited wet dog shakes. Ablation of C-LTMRs attenuated this behavior. Moreover, C-LTMRs synaptically couple to spinoparabrachial neurons, and optogenetically inhibiting spinoparabrachial neuron synapses and excitatory neurons in the parabrachial nucleus impaired both oil droplet– and C-LTMR–evoked wet dog shakes. Thus, a C-LTMR–spinoparabrachial pathway promotes wet dog shakes for removal of water and mechanical irritants from back hairy skin.
A canonical protein complex controls immune homeostasis and multipathogen resistance
Authors: Wu Yue , Xu Weiying , Zhao Guoyan , Lei Ziyao , Li Kui , Liu Jiyun , Huang Shijia , Wang Junli , Zhong Xiangbin , Yin Xin , Wang Yuandong , Zhang Haochen , He Yang , Ye Zian , Meng Yonggang , Chang Xiaoyu , Lin Hui , Wang Xin , Gao Yuanyuan , Chai Jijie , Parker Jane E. , Deng Yiwen , Zhang Yu , Gao Mingjun , He Zuhua
Published: November 2024

The calcium (Ca
2+
) sensor ROD1 (RESISTANCE OF RICE TO DISEASES1) is a master regulator of immunity in rice. By screening suppressors of
rod1
mutants, we show that ROD1 governs immune homeostasis by surveilling the activation of a canonical immune pathway. Mutations in
OsTIR
(
TIR-only protein
),
OsEDS1
(
enhanced disease susceptibility 1
),
OsPAD4
(
phytoalexin deficient 4
), and
OsADR1
(
activated disease resistance 1
) all abolish enhanced disease resistance of
rod1
plants. OsTIR catalyzes the production of second messengers 2′-(5″-phosphoribosyl)-5′-adenosine monophosphate (pRib-AMP) and diphosphate (pRib-ADP), which trigger formation of an OsEDS1-OsPAD4-OsADR1 (EPA) immune complex. ROD1 interacts with OsTIR and inhibits its enzymatic activity, whereas mutation of
ROD1
leads to constitutive activation of the EPA complex. Thus, we unveil an immune network that fine-tunes immune homeostasis and multipathogen resistance in rice.
Activation of a helper NLR by plant and bacterial TIR immune signaling
Authors: Yu Hua , Xu Weiying , Chen Sisi , Wu Xiaoxian , Rao Weiwei , Liu Xiaoxiao , Xu Xiaoyan , Chen Jingqi , Nishimura Marc T. , Zhang Yu , Wan Li
Published: November 2024

Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors with an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain sense pathogen effectors to initiate immune signaling. TIR domains across different kingdoms have NADase activities and can produce phosphoribosyl adenosine monophosphate/diphosphate (pRib-AMP/ADP) or cyclic ADPR (cADPR) isomers. The lipase-like proteins EDS1 and PAD4 transduce immune signals from sensor TIR-NLRs to a helper NLR called ADR1, which executes immune function. We report the structure and function of an
Arabidopsis
EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 (EPA) heterotrimer in complex with pRib-AMP/ADP activated by plant or bacterial TIR signaling. 2′cADPR can be hydrolyzed into pRib-AMP and thus activate EPA signaling. Bacterial TIR domains producing 2′cADPR also activate EPA function. Our findings suggest that 2′cADPR may be the storage form of the unstable signaling molecule pRib-AMP.
Ultrafast all-optical coherence of molecular electron spins in room-temperature water solution
Authors: Sutcliffe Erica , Kazmierczak Nathanael P. , Hadt Ryan G.
Published: November 2024

The tunability and spatial precision of paramagnetic molecules makes them attractive for quantum sensing. However, usual microwave-based detection methods have poor temporal and spatial resolution, and optical methods compatible with room-temperature solutions have remained elusive. In this study, we utilized pump-probe polarization spectroscopy to initialize and track electron spin coherence in a molecule. Designed to efficiently couple spins to light, aqueous potassium hexachloroiridate(IV) enabled detection of few-picosecond free-induction decay at room temperature and micromolar concentrations. Viscosity was found to strongly vary decoherence lifetimes. This approach has improved the experimental time resolution by up to five orders of magnitude, making it possible to observe molecular electron spin coherence in a system that only exhibits coherence below 25 kelvin with traditional techniques.
Merged-nets enumeration for the systematic design of multicomponent reticular structures
Authors: Jiang Hao , Benzaria Salma , Alsadun Norah , Jia Jiangtao , Czaban-Jóźwiak Justyna , Guillerm Vincent , Shkurenko Aleksander , Thiam Zeynabou , Bonneau Mickaele , Maka Vijay K. , Chen Zhijie , Ameur Zied Ouled , O’Keeffe Michael , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Rational design of intricate multicomponent reticular structures is often hindered by the lack of suitable blueprint nets. We established the merged-net approach, proffering optimal balance between designability and complexity, as a systematic solution for the rational assembly of multicomponent structures. In this work, by methodically mapping node-net relationships among 53 basic edge-transitive nets, we conceived a signature net map to identify merging net pairs, resulting in the enumeration of 53 merged nets. We developed a practical design algorithm and proposed more than 100 multicomponent metal-organic framework platforms. The effectiveness of this approach is commended by the successful synthesis of four classes of materials, which is based on merging three-periodic nets with the four possible net periodicities. The construction of multicomponent materials based on derived nets of merged nets highlights the potential of the merged-net approach in accelerating the discovery of intricate reticular materials.
COP29’s climate investment imperative
Authors: Buchner Barbara
Published: November 2024

Next week, negotiators from around the world will gather in Baku, Azerbaijan, for COP29, the annual climate negotiation organized by the United Nations to hammer out agreements for tackling the climate crisis. It is unofficially being called “The Finance COP” because particular focus will be placed on the financial commitments and mechanisms needed to mobilize the trillions of dollars required to address climate change globally. Such levels of investment sound implausible—but they are achievable, and if the world delays much longer, the economic and social losses will pale in comparison.
Life evolves. How about everything else?
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: November 2024

Support grows for “natural law” that applies evolution to mineralogy, chemistry, and fusion
Examination of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein proteolytic processing and roles of the P27 domain
Authors: Neal Hadley E. , Barrett Chelsea T. , Edmonds Kearstin , Moncman Carole L. , Dutch Rebecca Ellis
Published: November 2024

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F) facilitates virus–cell membrane fusion, which is critical for viral entry, and cell–cell fusion. In contrast to many type I fusion proteins, RSV F must be proteolytically cleaved at two distinct sites to be fusogenic. Cleavage at both sites results in the release of a 27 amino-acid fragment, termed Pep27. We examined proteolytic processing and the role of Pep27 for RSV F from both RSV A2 and RSV B9320 laboratory-adapted strains, allowing important comparisons between A and B clade F proteins. F from both clades was cleaved at both sites, and pulse-chase analysis indicated that cleavage at both sites occurs early after synthesis, most likely within the secretory pathway. Mutation of either site to alter the furin recognition motif blocked cell–cell fusion activity. To assess the role of Pep27 in F processing and expression, we deleted the Pep27 fragment, but preserved the cleavage sites. Deletion of Pep27 reduced F surface expression and cell–cell fusion. Two conserved N-linked glycosylation sites within Pep 27 are present in both the RSV A2 and RSV B9320 F. Randomization of the Pep27 sequence, while conserving the two N-liked glycosylation sites, did not significantly change surface expression, and only modestly reduced cell–cell fusion. However, the disruption of either Pep27 glycosylation site reduced cell–cell fusion. This work clarifies the timing of RSV F proteolytic cleavage and offers insight into the crucial role the N-linked glycosylation sites within Pep27 play in the biological function of F.
Inducible cell lines producing replication-defective human immunodeficiency virus particles containing envelope glycoproteins stabilized in a pretriggered conformation
Authors: Ding Haitao , Nguyen Hanh T. , Li Wenwei , Deshpande Ashlesha , Zhang Shijian , Jiang Fan , Zhang Zhiqing , Anang Saumya , Mothes Walther , Sodroski Joseph , Kappes John C.
Published: November 2024

During the process by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) enters cells, the envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer on the virion surface engages host cell receptors. Binding to the receptor CD4 induces Env to undergo transitions from a pretriggered, “closed” (State-1) conformation to more “open” (State 2/3) conformations. Most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are difficult to elicit, recognize the pretriggered (State-1) conformation. More open Env conformations are recognized by poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs), which are readily elicited during natural infection and vaccination with current Env immunogens. Env heterogeneity likely contributes to HIV-1 persistence by skewing antibody responses away from the pretriggered conformation. The conformationally flexible gp160 Env precursor on the infected cell or virion surface potentially presents multiple pNAb epitopes to the host immune system. Although proteolytic cleavage to produce the functional, mature Env trimer [(gp120/gp41)
3
] stabilizes State-1, many primary HIV-1 Envs spontaneously sample more open conformations. Here, we establish inducible cell lines that produce replication-defective HIV-1 particles with Env trimers stabilized in a pretriggered conformation. The mature Env is enriched on virus-like particles (VLPs). Using complementary approaches, we estimate an average of 25–50 Env trimers on each VLP. The stabilizing changes in Env limit the natural conformational heterogeneity of the VLP Env trimers, allowing recognition by bNAbs but not pNAbs. These defective VLPs provide a more homogeneous source of pretriggered Env trimers in a native membrane environment. Thus, these VLPs may facilitate the characterization of this functionally important Env conformation and its interaction with the immune system.

IMPORTANCE

A major impediment to the development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine is the inefficiency with which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins elicit antibodies that neutralize multiple virus strains. Neutralizing antibodies recognize a particular shape of the envelope glycoproteins that resides on the viral membrane before the virus engages the host cell. Here, we report the creation of stable cell lines that inducibly produce non-infectious HIV-like particles. The normally flexible envelope glycoprotein spikes on these virus-like particles have been stabilized in a conformation that is recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. These virus-like particles allow the study of the envelope glycoprotein conformation, its modification by sugars, and its ability to elicit desired neutralizing antibodies.
Supplemental Material: Colloidal gold dispersions in orogenic gold from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Authors: La Cock Rutger A. , von der Heyden Bjorn
Published: November 2024

Additional information related to the sampling protocol and the potential for experimental artefacts. 
Health systems strengthening through surgical and perioperative care pathways: a changing paradigm
Authors: Kamarajah Sivesh , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O , Atun Rifat , Cieza Alarcos , Agyei Fareeda , Ghosh Dhruva , Henry Jaymie Claire Ang , Lawani Souliath , Meara John , Morton Ben , Park Kee B , Morton Dion G , Reynolds Teri , Ghaffar Abdul
Published: November 2024

Global health has traditionally focused on the primary health development with disease-specific focus such as HIV, malaria and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As such, surgery has traditionally been neglected in global health as investment in them is often expensive, relative to these other priorities. Therefore, efforts to improve surgical care have remained on the periphery of initiatives in health system strengthening. However, today, many would argue that global health should focus on universal health coverage with primary health and surgery and perioperative care integrated as a part of this. In this article, we discuss the past developments and future-looking solutions on how surgery can contribute to the delivery of effective and equitable healthcare across the world. These include bidirectional integration of surgical and chronic disease pathways and better understanding financing initiatives. Specifically, we focus on access to safe elective and emergency surgery for NCDs and an integrated approach towards the rising multimorbidity from chronic disease in the population. Underpinning these, data-driven solutions from high-quality research from clinical trials and cohort studies through established surgical research networks are needed. Although challenges will remain around financing, we propose that development of surgical services will strengthen and improve performance of whole health systems and contribute to improvement in population health across the world.
Children and adolescents’ experiences of mandatory SARS-CoV-2 testing in schools: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kimmig Christian , Langer Thorsten , Loy Johanna K. , Bender Stephan , Haddad Anneke
Published: November 2024

Background

Public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic had dramatic consequences for children and adolescents. However, policy-makers and healthcare researchers did not give sufficient weight to children’s perspectives. One common public health measure was mandatory SARS-CoV-2 tests in schools. This study examines the evaluation of such mandatory testing.

Methods

We investigated the effects of test type (pooled PCR tests vs antigen rapid tests) and demographic and psychological factors on evaluations of the experience of being tested. A total of 569 children (8–17 years) in two major German cities completed online questionnaires between October and December 2021. Participants answered questions addressing test evaluation, vaccination status, pandemic-related stress, mental health difficulties and health-related quality of life.

Results

Our results showed that overall test ratings were better for pooled PCR tests (p<0.001). Vaccine-willing students evaluated SARS-CoV-2 tests more positively than vaccine-unwilling students, regardless of test type (p<0.001). Children with mental health difficulties (abnormal/borderline Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores) evaluated SARS-CoV-2 tests more negatively than children with normal SDQ scores (p<0.001). Additionally, children who reported better health-related quality of life and children with less pandemic-related stress rated the tests more positively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that there are differences in the appraisal of the test types and that specific subgroups’ experiences of regular testing vary. Our study provides insights for policy-makers in future pandemics and raises questions regarding parallels between testing and vaccination hesitancy. Moreover, our study demonstrates the feasibility and value of collecting data directly from a large cohort of children in order to understand their experiences.
Provision of basic swimming and water safety skills in low-resource environments: barriers and facilitators of use of WHO practical guidance
Authors: Mecrow Thomas , Fortuin Abrahams Jill , Said Muhammad , Baker Shayne , Bonney James , Rahman Aminur , Peden Amy E
Published: November 2024

Introduction

WHO guidance supports implementation of drowning prevention interventions. This study aimed to examine barriers and facilitators of use of WHO guidance on basic swimming and water safety skills in low-resource settings, gathering insights inform codesign of technical resources.

Methods

Mixed methods were used comprising WHO guidance gap analysis, participant surveys and thematic analysis of workshop discussions (17 participants and 13 countries). WHO document analysis and analysis of pre-workshop survey responses were combined to identify topic areas where additional guidance was required. Inductive thematic analysis of workshop discussions spanned current practice, challenges and opportunities. Postworkshop anonymous evaluation forms were also analysed.

Results

Four topic areas were identified that required additional technical guidance to support implementation: Site Safety Auditing; Medical Screening of Participants; Informed Consent and Emergency Action Planning. Barriers broadly spanned a lack of trained personnel and equipment as well as a lack of community understanding and varying support from external agencies. Opportunities identified included partnering with local organisations with specific expertise (ie, medical, emergency planning), improving programme administration and challenging traditional community practices (ie, informed consent, superstitions). Participants agreed the workshop would lead to changes in practice, however this remains to be confirmed.

Discussion

Additional technical resources to address gaps and support implementation were suggested and should now be developed, implemented and evaluated.

Conclusion

This study identified additional technical resources and the development of a community of practice to support effective teaching of school age children swimming and water safety skills in low-resource settings.
Synthesis of a hydrological, water chemistry, and contaminants research program in the Peace-Athabasca Delta (Canada) to inform long-term monitoring of shallow lakes
Authors: Neary Laura K. , Remmer Casey R. , Owca Tanner J. , Girard Cory A.M. , Kay Mitchell L. , Wiklund Johan A. , Imran Arisha , Hall Roland I. , Wolfe Brent B.
Published: November 2024

In a multistressor world, evidence-based stewardship of aquatic ecosystems requires long-term monitoring data to understand the timing and magnitude of environmental change and potential causes. At the Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD; northeastern Alberta, Canada), concern for aquatic ecosystem degradation has triggered renewed and urgent calls by Indigenous, national, and international governance bodies for implementation of a long-term lake monitoring program capable of tracking changes in hydrological conditions and contaminant deposition attributable to major energy projects located upstream, climate change, and other unnatural and natural processes. Challenges imposed by the delta's size, hydrological complexity, inaccessibility of lakes, and other factors, however, have long impeded implementation of a delta-wide lake monitoring program. To address this pressing need, here we review and synthesize results obtained during 7 years (2015–2021) of intensive, multifaceted research at 60 shallow lakes spanning the delta's broad hydroecological gradients to inform an integrated hydrology, water chemistry, and contaminants monitoring program. The research involved systematic, repeated measurements of water isotope composition, water depth variation, water chemistry and turbidity, and metal(loid) concentrations in lake surface sediment and periphytic biofilm. Results reveal marked spatial and temporal variation of hydrological processes and their affects on lake water balance and depth, strong association between hydrological processes and lake water chemistry, and that concentrations of nickel and vanadium (key oil sands indicators) remain within the range of natural variation. Correspondence of generalized additive model trendlines for isotope-derived lake evaporation-to-inflow ratios and water chemistry with climate indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Oceanic Niño Index) demonstrates the sensitivity, and predictability, of lake ecosystem processes in the delta to large-scale climatic patterns. We provide recommendations for field sampling, sample analysis, data display, and integration of information for ongoing monitoring at the PAD. These approaches are readily transferable to other complex landscapes with abundant shallow waterbodies threatened by multiple stressors that may alter hydrological regimes and contaminant delivery.
Dynamic Adaptability and Prediction Optimization in Power Material Supply Chains using XGBoost
Authors: Liang Yingwei , Zhu Taipeng
Published: November 2024

Accurate material demand forecasts are crucial for the effective preparation of power material supply plans. Collaborating with suppliers in the material supply chain and establishing a cooperation mechanism based on mutual trust, information sharing and risk exchange can synchronize operations and enhance management efficiency. Therefore, it is particularly important to thoroughly investigate methods for improving the dynamic adaptability of modern (intelligent) material supply chains and enhancing the management of enterprise material flow. Under this background, we have made research and got the following conclusions: (1) there are six stages in the life cycle of electric power materials. The cost percentage in the planning stage accounts for 5%; the cost percentage in the design stage accounts for 10%; the cost percentage of the manufacturing stage accounts for 37.5%; the cost percentage of the installation stage accounts for 20% and the cost percentage in the operation stage accounts for 15%. Different models predict power materials and XGboost has a better prediction ability. (2) Power material supply chain data quality management is mainly divided into material support system. The first-level index is 0.413, the second-level index system is 0.578 and the weight is 0.7096. The first-level index of logistics timeliness is 0.379, the second-level index is 0.469 and the weight is 0.2577.
Spectrum of random centrosymmetric matrices; CLT and circular law
Authors: Jana Indrajit , Rani Sunita
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we analyze the asymptotic fluctuations of linear eigenvalue statistics of random centrosymmetric matrices with i.i.d. entries. We prove that for a complex analytic test function, the centered and normalized linear eigenvalue statistics of random centrosymmetric matrices converge to a normal distribution. We find the exact expression of the variance of the limiting normal distribution via combinatorial arguments. Moreover, we argue that the limiting spectral distribution of properly scaled centrosymmetric matrices follows the circular law.
PACMMOD, V2, N5 (PODS), November 2024 Editorial
Authors: Carmeli Nofar , Geerts Floris , Kimelfeld Benny
Published: November 2024

This editorial accompanies the second issue dedicated to the PODS research track of the Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data (PACMMOD) journal. The journal hosts a SIGMOD and a PODS research track. The PODS research track aims to provide a solid scientific basis for methods, techniques, and solutions for the data management challenges that continually arise in our data-driven society. Articles for the PODS track of PACMMOD present principled contributions to modeling, application, system building, and both theoretical and experimental validation in the context of data management. Such articles might be based, among others, on establishing theoretical results, developing new concepts and frameworks that deserve further exploration, providing experimental work that sheds light on the scientific foundations of the discipline, or conducting a rigorous analysis of industry artifacts that are widely used and/or recently developed. Articles published in this track will be invited for presentation to the ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS), which is held jointly with SIGMOD each year.
Below and Above Why-Provenance for Datalog Queries
Authors: Calautti Marco , Livshits Ester , Pieris Andreas , Schneider Markus
Published: November 2024

Datalog is a well-established rule-based language that allows us to express complex recursive queries. As for every other query language, explaining why a result to a Datalog query is obtained is an essential task towards explainable and transparent query evaluation. A standard way of explaining a query result is the so-called why-provenance, which provides information about the witnesses to a query result in the form of subsets of the input database that as a whole can be used to derive that result. The data complexity of why-provenance for Datalog queries has been recently studied and it was shown to be intractable, namely NP-complete even if the recursion is linear. An interesting question that comes up is whether we can ensure tractable data complexity by considering a slightly less informative notion of provenance, in particular, whyminimal-provenance that keeps only subset-minimal witnesses to a query result. Another interesting question is whether we can adopt a more informative notion of provenance than why-provenance, in particular, whymultiplicity-provenance that also keeps track of how many times a certain fact occurs in a witness to a query result, without paying a price in data complexity. This work provides definitive answers to the above questions: (i) whyminimal-provenance ensures tractable data complexity, and (ii) whymultiplicity-provenance can be adopted without paying a price in complexity, apart from one surprising case where the data complexity becomes PSPACE-complete.
IoT-Enabled Methane Monitoring and LSTM-Based Forecasting System for Enhanced Safety in Underground Coal Mining
Authors: Paty Soumyadeep , Biswas Arindam , Djebali Sonia , Guerard Guillaume , Kamilya Supreeti
Published: November 2024

Ensuring safety in the mining industry is a critical concern for a nation's industrial advancement. Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, is at the forefront of efforts to enhance mining practices. Coal seams contain a range of hydrocarbon gases, predominantly methane, which is released in significant quantities during mining operations. Effectively mitigating methane emissions is imperative. The inclusion of methane forecasting allows for the early identification of potential methane emissions, hence resulting in significance enhancement in mine safety. The research work is focused on real-time remote monitoring and cloud-based forecasting of methane levels in underground coal mines. An Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device is developed for data acquisition in underground coal mines, capturing essential parameters such as methane concentration, temperature, and humidity. The collected data are utilized to train a long short-term memory based multivariate forecasting model. The trained model is subsequently deployed in the cloud. The experiment is performed in a mine of Eastern Coalfields Limited, India. After the deployment of the proposed model, the developed IIoT device transmits real-time data, obtained from the mine, to the cloud. Based on the real-time data, our model conducts methane forecasting and communicates results back to the IIoT device. The device issues immediate alerts when methane levels surpass predefined thresholds. This ensures enhanced safety in mining operations by providing warnings for both current and forecasted methane concentrations. The forecasted methane concentrations, along with real-time data, are accessible through mobile applications and a web-based dashboard. The accuracy of the proposed model is measured by mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error, which demonstrate values of 156.95 ppm, 4.23%, and 191.53 ppm, respectively. A comparative study is performed where our model is evaluated against the multivariate multilayer perceptron, vector autoregression, and auto-regressive integrated moving average models. The comparative study demonstrates that our developed model outperforms the others, showing superior results.
On Asymmetric Failure Characteristics of Tunnels and Surrounding Rock Control Techniques Under Close‐Distance Repeated Coal Mining
Authors: Dai Zhengduo , Yang Liyun , Zhang Xiaowu
Published: November 2024

In response to the problem of significant deformation and obvious strata pressure in tunnel caused by close‐distance repeated mining, along with difficult control of surrounding rocks, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation methods were employed to study the asymmetric failure characteristics of tunnels under the influence of close‐distance repeated mining. The research provided insights into the mechanism of asymmetric failure of tunnels affected by close‐distance repeated mining, revealed the impact of residual coal pillars in the upper coal seam on the tunnel in the lower coal seam, analyzed the stress distribution of surrounding rocks before and after tunnel excavation under the influence of repeated mining, and proposed asymmetric surrounding rock control techniques for tunnels affected by close‐distance repeated mining. The study results indicate that the protection of coal pillars in the upper coal seam and the adjacent working face mining in the same coal seam are the main reasons for significant stress concentration on one side of the tunnel and the appearance of asymmetric failure characteristics. After tunnel excavation, the stress of surrounding rocks is released into the tunnel, resulting in a significant reduction in stress environment. However, the stress on the left side of the tunnel is significantly higher than that on the right side, showing an asymmetric distribution. The application of active support with anchor net cables and U‐shaped steel frames effectively reduces tunnel deformation, with good on‐site application results.
Classification and Prediction of Vehicle Lane‐Changing Crash Risk Levels Based on Video Trajectory Data
Authors: Gao Shijie , Jiao Lanxin , Wang Haiyue , Pan Xiu , Li Yixian , Zhao Jiandong
Published: November 2024

To investigate the potential lane‐changing collision risks that may arise between vehicles during lane changes and those in the original lane, a model for vehicle lane‐changing collision risk is constructed specifically for this scenario, and a research analysis is conducted. First, based on vehicle trajectory data, a sample set capturing the relationships between vehicles traveling in a straight line and those changing lanes laterally is extracted and built. Interpolation methods are then applied to fill in missing values, outliers are eliminated, and data noise is smoothed during preprocessing. After preprocessing, a total of 468 vehicle pairs and 265,392 data points are obtained. Second, a real‐time collision time model is established based on the preprocessed data, and collision risk probabilities are calculated accordingly. Then, the collision risks are classified into four levels based on whether the vehicle on the side actually changes lanes and the severity of the collision risks. Finally, a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) learning method is adopted to predict the risk levels and analyze the main factors that significantly impact the severity of collision risks. The results indicate that the longitudinal distance between the target vehicle and the preceding vehicle is the most critical influencing factor, followed by the speed of the target vehicle itself, and then the speed difference between the target vehicle and the preceding vehicle. The influence of other factors is relatively similar and does not have a significant impact.
Figure S1 from Functional RNAi Screening Identifies G2/M and Kinetochore Components as Modulators of TNFα/NF-κB Prosurvival Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Morgan Ethan L. , Saleh Anthony D. , Cornelius Shaleeka , Carlson Sophie G. , Toni Tiffany , Cheng Hui , Jeon Jun , Viswanathan Ramya , Yang Xinping , Silvin Christopher , Clavijo Paul E. , Sowers Anastasia L. , Mitchell James B. , Ormanoglu Pinar , Lal Nag Madhu , Martin Scott E. , Chen Zhong , Van Waes Carter
Published: November 2024

Figure S1 and figure legend
Supplementary Table S4 from Tumoral Interferon Beta Induces an Immune-Stimulatory Phenotype in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Gellert Julia , Agardy Dennis A. , Kumar Swaminathan , Kourtesakis Alexandros , Boschert Tamara , Jähne Kristine , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Bunse Lukas , Wick Wolfgang , Davies Michael A. , Platten Michael , Bunse Theresa
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Table S4 depicts MBM patient characteristics.
Patient Considerations when Using Ritlecitinib for Alopecia Areata in Adolescents: Guidance for the Clinicians
Authors: Chen Li-Chi , Ogbutor Chino , Kelley Kristen J. , Senna Maryanne M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss that can affect children, adolescents, and adults. Ritlecitinib, an orally administered Janus kinase (JAK) 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) kinase family inhibitor, is the first and currently the only treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for adolescents (aged 12–17 years) with severe AA. Summary: The ALLEGRO phase 2b–3 trial demonstrated that 25% and 50% of adolescents with a Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score ≥50 at baseline achieved a SALT score ≤20 at week 24 and week 48 after receiving 50 mg ritlecitinib daily, respectively. The most common adverse events were headache, acne, and nasopharyngitis in adolescents. This review summarizes the mechanism of action, clinical trial evidence on efficacy and safety profile, factors associated with treatment response to JAK inhibitors for AA, and vaccination considerations for adolescents. Key Messages: This review aims to facilitate the risk-benefit assessment and shared decision-making between clinicians and patients and provide clinical considerations and management recommendations for ritlecitinib use in adolescents with AA.
Occupational and Environmental Cholangiocarcinoma-Related Toxic Exposures
Authors: She Tianyu , Shah Nairuti , Jacob Benna , Starkman Nathan , Lieman Julie , Kaur Amandeep , Shah Neal , Wilkenfeld Marc
Published: November 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy that originates from the epithelial cells of the biliary system. Despite advancements in medical diagnostic techniques, CCAs remain a challenge to detect due to their silent clinical progression, making it difficult to diagnose these diseases. There are several well-established risk factors for CCA, including biliary tract infection and inflammation. However, there is also growing evidence that community and occupational exposures play a significant role in the development of bile duct cancers. This review examines the geographical distribution of these risk factors and the importance of surveillance in individuals exposed to these toxins who are more prone to developing CCA.
SARS-CoV-2-Induced Remission of Chemotherapy Resistance B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Xiao Yan , Wang Jinwei , Yang Kai , Jiang Meiling , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Investigation on virus-host interaction may provide new clues for antitumor immunotherapy. Case Presentation: In this case report, we describe an unusual case of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in an aged woman who recovered following SARS-COV-2 infection. We discuss the case and suggest that virus induced cross-reactivity against tumor account for the remission. Conclusion: Mapping epitope characteristics on B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma antigen and on SARS-COV-2 antigen may provide much needed information for antigen based antitumor immune therapy in the future.