bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUF2 Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Chen Mengqing , Zhang Yue , Liang Yuling , Luo Dan , Wang Wenjun
Published: August 2020

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As a component of the nuclear division cycle 80 complex, NUF2 is a part of the conserved protein complex related to the centromere. Although the high expression of NUF2 has been reported in many different types of human cancers, no studies have conducted systematic multi-omics analysis on NUF2 in non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: In this analysis, NUF2 difference analysis in non-small cell lung cancer were evaluated in GEO, TCGA, Oncomine, UALCAN databases, and a prognosis analysis of NUF2 based on Kaplan-Meier was performed. R language was used to analyze the differential expression genes, functional Annotation and protein-protein interaction. GSEA analysis of differential expression genes were also carried out. Mechanism analysis about exploring the characteristic of NUF2, multi-omics and correlation analysis were carried out using UALCAN, cBioportal, GEPIA and TIMER.Results: The expression of NUF2 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The analysis of TCGA and UALCAN database samples proved that NUF2 expression was connected with stage, TNM stage and smoking habits. Meanwhile, the overall survival curve also validated that high expression of NUF2 indicated poor prognosis. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis showed NUF2 had correlation with immune cells and NUF2 altered group had a poor prognosis than unaltered group in non-small cell lung cancer.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that data mining efficiently reveals NUF2 expression and potential regulatory mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer, laying a foundation for further study of the role of NUF2 in diagnosis and treatment in non-small cell lung cancer.
Therapeutic approach to Sars-COV-2 in early treatment of patient not-hospitalized: a case report.
Authors: Marasco Daniela , Prete Salvatore Del , Sabetta Rosalaura , Caruso Arturo Armone , Capaldi Roberto , Prete Antonio Del
Published: August 2020

Background: Sars-CoV-2 induces a massive inflammatory response mediated by macrophages, activated thanks to IFNγ secreted by T lymphocytes. Viral H1N1 pneumonia has been reported that h could have the same inflammatory mechanism that we can observe in COVID-19 patients 16). We tested this theory on a 55-year-old male patient, Sars-COV-2 positive.Case presentation: We treated our patient using clinical data and therapeutic approaches from a team of Chinese researchers, established during the beginning of the epidemic in December 2019. The new member of the human coronavirus, officially called SARS - CoV - 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is a new RNA virus strain that has not been previously identified in humans (1). This patient showed a Sars Cov-2 infection and was treated early with glucocorticoids. The patient immediately showed a regression of fever and an improvement of symptoms. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the initial stages of the infection can be treated with glucocorticoid therapy.
Variability and Trends of Temperature and Rainfall Over Three Agro-Ecological Zones in North Shewa, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Shekuru Ashenafi Hailu , Berlie Arega Bazezew , Bizuneh Yechale Kebede
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze variability and trends of temperature and rainfall over three agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Central Ethiopia. Gridded rainfall and temperature data, recorded on daily basis for 35 years (1979 - 2013) at 30 meteorological stations, were used for analysis. While Mann–Kendall test was applied to analyze the trends in rainfall and temperature, Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of change. The study detected an upward trend of 0.07°C/annum (p < 0.001) in mean annual maximum temperature at Kolla AEZ. It also showed an upward trend of 0.06/year (p < 0.001) for both Dega and Woina Dega AEZs. Mean annual minimum temperature exhibited an upward trend of 0.03°C/year at Kolla (p < 0.001), Woina Dega (p < 0.05), and Dega (p < 0.01), signifying a 1.05°C increase between 1979 and 2013. Results from precipitation concentration index (PCI) revealed highest percentage (97.1%) of irregular distributions in annual rainfall pattern at Kolla AEZ, followed by Woina Dega (82.9%). Standardized rainfall anomalies (SRA) computed in the study also showed higher percentage (28.6%) of drought in Kolla AEZ, which experienced drought once in every 3 or 4 years. The study revealed negative annual rainfall anomalies for 18 years in Kolla and 16 years in both Dega and Woina Dega AEZs. The reduced precipitation and rise in temperature could trigger wide-ranging influences on agricultural practices and crop production of smallholder farmers. Policymakers and stakeholders should give priority in designing and introducing pro-poor plus geographically differentiated adaptive strategies.
Relationship Between Benzodiazepine Prescription, Aggressive Behavior, and Behavioral Disinhibition: A Case-control Study in a Swiss Prison
Authors: Baggio Stéphanie , Starcevic Vladan , Heller Patrick , Brändle Karen , Franke Irina , Schneeberger Andreas , Buadze Anna , Gamma Alex , Schleifer Roman , Gétaz Laurent , Wolff Hans , Liebrenz Michael
Published: August 2020

Background.

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in prisons amidst the controversies surrounding their potential role in causing behavioral disinhibition and aggressive behavior and their association with use and trafficking of illicit and addictive substances. The present study aimed to 1) ascertain the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription (including their dosage and duration of use) and aggressive behavior and behavioral disinhibition in prison, and 2) investigate whether there was an association between benzodiazepine prescription, (including their dosage and duration of use) and using and trafficking illicit and addictive substances during imprisonment.
Methods.

Data were extracted from the electronic database of an “open” Swiss prison (n = 1,379) over a five-year period (2010–2015). Measures included benzodiazepine prescription (yes/no), duration of benzodiazepine use and mean dosage, and punishable behaviors (physical and verbal aggression, disinhibited but not directly aggressive behaviors, property damage or theft, substance-related offenses, and rule transgression). Propensity score matching was used to assess the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription and punishable behaviors. Logistic regressions were used to test the relationship of benzodiazepine duration and dosage with punishable behaviors.
Results.

Benzodiazepine prescription (yes/no) was not significantly associated with punishable behaviors. Detained persons taking benzodiazepines were not more likely to commit offenses involving illicit or addictive substance use or trafficking, even when taking these medications in higher dosage and over a longer period of time.
Conclusions.

Our findings suggest that access to benzodiazepines in the prison setting should be subject to the same regulations as in the community and that prescribing benzodiazepines to detained persons is just as safe as prescribing these medications to those who are not detained.
Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling for Prediction of the Optimal Dose Regimens of Quinine and Phenobarbital Co-administration in Adult Patients with Cerebral Malaria and Seizures
Authors: Saeheng Teerachat , Karbwang Juntra , Rajoli Rajith Kumar Reddy , Siccardi Marco , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: August 2020

Background: Cerebral malaria is a fatal disease. Patients with cerebral malaria are at risk of seizure development, therefore, the co-administration of antimalarial and antiepileptic drugs are needed. Quinine and phenobarbital are standard drugs for the treatment of cerebral malaria with seizures. However, there is no information on the optimal dosage regimens of both drugs when used concomitantly.T he study applied physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for prediction of the optimal dose regimens of quinine and phenobarbital when co-administered in patients with cerebral malaria and concurrent seizures who carry wild type and polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 2C9/2C19. Methods: The whole-body PBPK models for quinine and phenobarbital were constructed based on the previously published information using Simbiology®. One hundred virtual population were simulated. Four published articles were used for model verification. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of the changes in model parameters on AUC0–72h. Simulation of optimal dose regimens was based on standard drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and actual clinical use study approaches. Results: Dose adjustment of the standard regimen of phenobarbital is not required when co-administered with quinine. The proposed optimal dose regimen for quinine, when co-administered with phenobarbital for patients with a single or continuous seizure in all malaria-endemic areas regardless of CYP2C9/CYP2C19 genotypes, is a loading dose of 1,500 mg IV infusion over 8 hours, followed by 1,200 mg infusion over 8 hours given three times daily, or multiple doses of 1,400 mg IV infusion over 8 hours, given three times daily. In areas with quinine resistance, the dose regimen should be increased as a loading dose of 2,000 mg IV infusion over 8 hours, followed by 1,750 mg infusion over 8 hours given three times daily.Conclusion: The developed PBPK models are reliable, and successfully predicted the optimal doses regimens of quinine-phenobarbital co-administration with no requirement of CYP2C9/CYP2C19 genotyping.
Long-Term Survival by Resection and Adjuvant Chemotherapy With S-1 in Pancreatic Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: a Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Takagi Akihiko , Tokuda Satoshi , Toda Takeo , Higashizono Kazuya , Taku Keisei , Suzuki Makoto , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Oba Noriyuki
Published: August 2020

Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the pancreas is a very rare histologic variant of pancreatic carcinoma with very poor prognosis. We present a case of pancreatic SRCC with good prognosis achieved by resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 one year, which is the standard treatment for advanced resected gastric cancer in Japan. The stomach carried a higher incidence of SRCC than other sites.Case presentation: A 70-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort, and ultrasonography revealed a mass in the pancreas. Computed tomography showed a hypovascular tumor in the head of the pancreas, 51 mm in diameter, with invasion to the portal vein and duodenum. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein resection and reconstruction. The pathological diagnosis was SRCC of the pancreas without invasion to the portal vein, pT3N1M0 Stage IIB (UICC classification). Subsequently, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 was initiated to prevent recurrence. The patient has remained recurrence-free for 2 years and 6 months after PD. Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 may be an important factor for improving the prognosis of patients with resectable SRCC of the pancreas.
Involving Elderly Research Participants in the Co-Design of a Future Multi-Generational Cohort Study
Authors: Nunn Jack , Sulovski Merrin , Tiller Jane , Holloway Bruce , Ayton Darshini , Lacaze Paul
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To report as a case study the process of involving study participants and how this impacted the co-design of a proposed multi-generational research study, using a novel standardised reporting tool. Background: An advert was sent to 14,268 participants of the ASPREE-XT observational cohort study to invite them to be involved in co-design and planning of a future multi-generational research study. Participants were aged 74 years and older from Australia, located in both metropolitan and rural locations. Interventions: We used participatory action research to involve elderly research participants in the co-design of a proposed multi-generational cohort study between 2017-2019 using newsletters, telephone interviews and an in-person workshop. Primary and secondary outcome measures: We used the ‘Standardised Data on Initiatives (STARDIT)’ Alpha Version to plan and report how participant involvement activities positively impacted the study design. Results: Fifty-nine ASPREE participants were interviewed by telephone and 18 participants attended a face-to-face workshop event. Involving participants positively impacted the proposed study design by improving the research objectives, developing protocols, influencing funding decisions and improving ethics applications. Learning points included the importance of maintaining the ideals of the ASPREE study (respect, quality and transparency); research participants’ preference for the option of receiving results (including genetic results); participants’ need for involvement in decisions about recruitment, data access, governance and other ethical issues; and the preference for different communication methods, including both face-to-face and online methods. The process was highly valued by all stakeholders, including research participants, study staff and lead investigators. Involvement of participants was described by the lead study investigator as “enormously helpful”. Conclusions: This case study provides evidence that including participants in the design of a research study positively impacted the study design, participants and researchers. Using a standardised reporting tool to describe the methods and impacts provides a way for learning from this case study to inform future research studies planning to involve people.
MicroRNA-411 represents an innovative bio-marker in breast cancer detection
Authors: Cao Shuangqing , Zheng Lei
Published: August 2020

Background: MicroRNA-411 (MiR-411) has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum miR-411 in breast cancer.Methods: The serum level of miR-411 was determined in breast cancer patients using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Chi-square was applied to evaluate the association between miR-411 expression and clinical characteristics. The diagnostic value of serum miR-411 for breast cancer was estimated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: Serum miR-411 in patients with breast cancer was markedly decreased compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). The level of miR-411 was correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.019), histological grade (P = 0.014), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.036). ROC curve showed that serum level of miR-411 could discriminate between breast cancer patients and healthy controls, with the AUC of 0.796, combing with the sensitivity of 82.1% and the specificity of 83.2%. The cut-off value of miR-411 for breast cancer diagnosis was 1.245.Conclusions: MiR-411 plays inhibitory roles in aggressive progression of breast cancer. Serum miR-411 may be a potential non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.
The High Proportion of Child Brides in Africa: Implications for The Girl Child and The Society
Authors: Adesina Miracle , Daha Mohammed , Ajobiewe Adeola , Oladele Ruth Ifeoluwa , Olufadewa Isaac , Ayorinde Toluwase
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Early marriage exposes young brides to a lot of ills, which are not limited to emotional and mental distress, school drop-out, early widowhood, Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) disease, etc. This study, therefore, aims to present the proportion of young girls in Africa within age groups 15-19 and 20-24 years who are married, along with the percentage of those within age 20-24 years who got married before age 15 or 18.Methodology: This study made use of secondary data from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2017, on the proportion of child brides in the 29 African countries. The raw data was inputted into the Microsoft Excel 2019, analyzed and presented in sentences, percentages, and tables. Results: Niger had the highest proportion (61%) of girls within the age 15-19 years who were married while Namibia had the lowest (5%). Out of 28 countries, 19 countries had less than 25% of teenage girls (15-19 years) who were married. Niger also accounted for the highest proportion (91%) of young brides married by the age 20-24 years, while Namibia had the lowest percentage (20%) of brides within the age 20-24 years. Conclusion: African countries rank among the first twenty with a high prevalence of child marriages. This practice affects the health, economic status, quality of life of these “innocent girls” both in the present and in the future. Therefore, measures to tackle this menace as recommended by UNICEF and UNFPA and emphasized by this study needs to be put in place to change this sad narrative.
Correlation Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta2-microglobulin and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Subtype M2 After Chemotherapy
Authors: Yao Mengli , Shi Jing , Zhou Lijing , Zhou Xiaolan , Hu Qin , Zhang LiJun , Wang Bo , Duan Liang , Li Dandan , Peng Xuemei , Chen Weixian , Chen Hong , chen tingmei , Li Pu
Published: August 2020

Background: The correlation of cerebrospinal fluid beta2-microglobulin (CSF-β2MG) and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia subtype M2 (AML-M2) receiving chemotherapy is uncertain. We seek to explore the prognostic and predictive value of CSF-β2MG in AML-M2 receiving chemotherapy.Methods: CSF-β2MG levels were detected by immunoturbidimetry in a cohort comprised of 40 AML-M2 patients, 25 of whom were categorized into the effective chemotherapy group (Complete Remission (CR) & Partial Remission (PR) and 15 patients into the ineffective group (Non-response (NR) & Death). The correlations between changes (%) in CSF-β2MG from baseline (change between the pre- and post-chemotherapy) or CSF-β2MG (the absolute levels of post-chemotherapy) and prognosis classifications of AML-M2 were assessed. The best cut-off points were investigated.Results: Levels of CSF-β2MG after chemotherapy and percentage change from baseline was variably presented among AML-M2s and progressively more advanced CSF-β2MG levels were associated with worse prognosis and poor therapeutic outcomes. The optimal cut-off value had the potential to be a predictor of treatment failure, hence the value for auxiliary diagnosis and accurate management.Conclusions: Changes in CSF-β2MG could be used to predict clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in patients with AML-M2. The association between changes in CSF-β2MG and the efficacy of chemotherapy thus becomes clearer but requires further study.
DIREITOS HUMANOS EM RICOEUR
Authors: Quadros Elton Moreira , Cerillo Marcella Marques dos Santos
Published: August 2020

Analisar os processos de organização social humana tendo como tutela a questão dos direitos fundamentais mundialmente estabelecidos e socialmente aceitos em grande parte do planeta e disseminados através de textos legais como a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, por exemplo, é um empreendimento que ultrapassa a obviedade da necessidade de uma estruturação básica para a convivência em sociedade, adentrando em diversos debates sobre os valores ético-políticos envolvidos na condição humana e aos quais está sujeitada a sua dignidade. A filosofia do direito, em especial a perspectiva de Ricoeur, serve aqui como norte para a tentativa de pensar os Direitos Humanos pelo viés filosófico, no qual os direitos e deveres fundamentais são constituintes e constituídos pelos sujeitos históricos neles implicados, os quais, na sua capacidade de agir e padecer, antecedem sua definição enquanto sujeitos de direitos humanos. Para tanto, além de abordar a discussão sobre os direitos humanos e os princípios de universalismo e relativismo, estudamos as contribuições específicas de Ricoeur na reflexão sobre os fundamentos ontológico e narrativo dos direitos humanos e a constituição do sujeito dos direitos humanos nesse contexto. Após expor a questão dos direitos humanos ao debate ético e político em torno da teoria e doutrina que constitui o tema, compreendemos que as contribuições da filosofia de Ricoeur superam o debate teórico, constituindo-se como um caminho possível para repensar a questão dos direitos humanos.
A ETERNA LUTA CONTRA A SOMBRA DA TORTURA E DOS CRIMES POLÍTICOS SOFRIDOS, EM DEFESA DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA
Authors: Castro Leticia Facci , Gomes Fermentão Cleide Aparecida
Published: August 2020

A tortura é uma forma degradante de violação aos direitos humanos e da dignidade humana.com prisões e condenações sumárias sem o direito ao contraditório, prisões ilegais, torturas, mortes e pessoas desaparecidas por crimes políticos e conexos. A lei da anistia consistiu em uma espécie de perdão a todos aqueles que cometeram crimes considerados pelo Estado como atentatórios a dignidade da pessoa humana, no período de 1961 a 1979, fazendo com que as violações aos direitos humanos ocorridos na época ficassem sem punição por parte do Estado, a partir do momento em que a lei passou a vigorar no ordenamento pátrio, em 1979. Mesmo diante de uma ADPF questionando a revalidação da lei 6683/79, e a condenação do Estado Brasileiro por parte da Corte Interamericana, a lei não foi retirada do ordenamento, com seus efeitos repercutindo até os dias atuais.  É preciso analisar quais normas, convenções e declarações internacionais foram infringidos com a tortura no período ditatorial. Quais os efeitos nocivos à vida humana. Danos físicos, morais, psíquicos e mentais foram causados às vítimas em um período de escuridão nos direitos, onde o poder massacrou aqueles que se colocaram contrários ao mesmo, e as torturas foram aplicadas, criando a desesperança, a perda da liberdade, da vida e da dignidade.
UM DEBATE METODOLÓGICO SOBRE A ACEITAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS EM FINNIS A PARTIR DA CRÍTICA DE BEITZ ÀS TEORIAS DA LEI NATURAL
Authors: Machado Ayrton Borges , Pinheiro Victor Sales
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo visa apresentar como a metodologia da lei natural em John Finnis fornece suporte para explicar a incorporação dos direitos humanos como práticas, sem prejudicar a função crítica que uma teoria do direito natural deve desempenhar em relação às instituições. A primeira parte do artigo expõe a metodologia e os pressupostos da lei natural relevantes para o tema, quais sejam, método do caso central, aceitação da normatividade das práticas e direitos ainda que desviantes, tendência descritiva e avaliativa contemporânea de incorporar práticas, e a distinção entre derivação por conclusão e determinatio. Na segunda parte expõe-se as críticas de Charles Beitz às teorias naturalistas, com o objetivo de apresentar os tópicos relevantes para o problema em questão. Por fim, aplica-se as considerações metodológicas feitas na primeira parte, de modo a expor como uma teoria da lei natural pode explicar a incorporação das práticas dos direito humanos, sobretudo quanto ao uso da analogia e caso central.
DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE DAS MULHERES SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA COMO AXIOMA JUSTIFICANTE
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Andrecioli Sabrina Medina
Published: August 2020

A sociedade plural atual impõe ao Direito inovações em suas reflexões e respostas a temas que atingem a existência humana. Diante de um cenário de grande violência e violações de direitos, que as mulheres ainda vivenciam na atualidade, é que se constata a real importância de se tratar da temática e dos direitos humanos dessa parcela da população. Verifica-se que a atual estrutura social continua a basear-se num modelo patriarcal no qual persistem papéis e estereótipos que colocam as mulheres numa posição claramente inferior em relação aos homens e que, portanto, criou uma situação de discriminação contra as mulheres devido ao seu gênero. A vulnerabilidade levou a situações de abuso de poder e inclusive a situações que transcendem a esfera privada, abrangendo também a esfera pública do indivíduo. Esta realidade social, na qual a verdadeira igualdade tem-se destacado pela sua ausência, foi fomentada pela ausência de uma cultura jurídica sobre os direitos humanos das mulheres. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo a análise da evolução dos direitos humanos, e do seu caráter universal, bem como o levantamento dos instrumentos internacionais de proteção dos direitos da mulher, e suas especificidades na busca da efetividade dos direitos humanos. Empregou-se para tanto o método dedutivo de abordagem, o método de funcional de procedimento, e, quanto aos métodos de investigação utilizou-se o bibliográfico e o documental.
RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL E DEFESA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS: O DEBATE SOBRE A ATUAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS TRANSNACIONAIS
Authors: Cabral de Vasconcellos Patrícia Mara
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa como a atuação das empresas transnacionais é questionada nas organizações internacionais, desde a década de 90 e, em especial, de que maneira, a partir da Resolução 26/9 de 2014 da Organização das Nações Unidas, tem-se buscado um tratado vinculante para responsabilizá-las nos casos de violações dos direitos humanos. Assim, inicialmente, a discussão demarca conceitos como a responsabilidade social corporativa, na expectativa social de uma conduta ética voluntária por parte das corporações.  No entanto, com a recorrência da violação de direitos, o debate passou a incorporar a defesa dos direitos humanos e a reivindicação de normas internacionais de responsabilização. Para a análise, a metodologia constitui-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. Conclui-se que as diretrizes da ONU sobre a temática inserem-se em um sistema internacional assimétrico, de governos nacionais fragilizados. Apesar das transformações no debate, as diretrizes são insuficientes para frear a impunidade e converter a fragilidade jurídica da população frente ao poder corporativo.
AS DECISÕES POLÍTICO-LEGISLATIVAS EM TEMPOS DE CRISE ECONÔMICA E A PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS PELO TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA EUROPEIA
Authors: Miranda Felipe Arady
Published: August 2020

A crise econômico-financeira que assolou os países no início do século XXI não ficou restrita ao âmbito do mercado e da economia. A diminuição da atividade econômica (interna e internacional) logo impactou a arrecadação tributária dos Estados, e a escassez acentuada de recursos financeiros nos cofres públicos dificultou o cumprimento de compromissos jurídicos que o Estado estava vinculado. Assim, para além de outras hipóteses, a crise impactou o Direito quando impossibilitou o cumprimento de obrigações jurídico-constitucionais relativas a direitos sociais, e a análise da constitucionalidade das medidas de austeridade implementadas pelo legislador ameaçavam a governança do país. Nesse cenário, o papel do Tribunal Constitucional como órgão controlador dos atos dos demais poderes ganhou ainda mais importância, mas não só pela nobre e fundamental tarefa de restabelecer a supremacia da Constituição, mas em especial porque ao fazer isso, em alguns casos, colocou em risco a solvência e credibilidade do Estado, o que foi taxado por especialistas como medida mais penosa à sociedade do que a própria vigência de uma lei inconstitucional. Nesse sentido, diante de críticas e ovações, os Tribunais Constitucionais na Europa se debruçaram sobre diversos atos legislativos que retrocediam em matéria de direitos sociais, ora aprovando-as, ora declarando-as inconstitucionais, e a intenção desse trabalho é trazer para o conhecimento jurídico-doutrinário brasileiro alguma das decisões e posições desses tribunais em tempos de crise.
O QUE NOS ENSINA O CORONAVÍRUS?
Authors: Ferrajoli Luigi
Published: August 2020

A pandemia do coronavírus está mudando e vai mudar ainda mais a vida de todos. Isso nos obriga a repensar a política e a economia e a refletir sobre o nosso presente, o nosso passado e o nosso futuro.
Влияние морфологии поверхности микрополосковой линии СВЧ на ее передаточные характеристики
Authors: Торхов Н.А. , Коколов А.А. , Бабак Л.И.
Published: August 2020

Определены основные морфологические параметры 50-омных Au/i-GaAs\100\ тонкопленочных микрополосковых золотых СВЧ копланарных линий передач длиной lW, влияющие на активное сопротивление их скин-слоя R и индуктивность L. Получено, что латеральный характер распределения зерен и развитый рельеф их поверхностей приводит к возникновению дополнительных процессов рассеяния электронов как на границах зерен, так и на неоднородностях рельефа. Малый размер зерен, dx<133 нм, на частотах f>10 ГГц переводит аномальный скин-эффект в нормальный. При этом нелинейная зависимость R от lW в локальном приближении обеспечивается фрактальной геометрией рельефа поверхности и приповерхностной области копланарных линий передач, а нелинейная зависимость индуктивности L от lW --- не только фрактальными особенностями рельефа двухмерной поверхности копланарных линий передач, но и фрактальными особенностями трехмерного распределения ее зерен. Ключевые слова: СВЧ линии, скин-эффект, морфология поверхности, фракталы, размерность Хаусдорфа--Безиковича, S-параметры рассеяния, компактная модель, экстракция параметров.
Резонансное рассеяние света оптическими фононами в кристалле алмаза с азотозамещенной вакансией
Authors: Байрамов Б.Х. , Топоров В.В. , Байрамов Ф.Б.
Published: August 2020

Сообщается об обнаружении явления резонансного усиления интенсивности рассеяние света оптическими фононами в кристаллах алмаза c азотозамещенной вакансией. Установлено, что при этом определяющую роль в усиления интенсивности такого рассеяния играет процесс необычного резонанса с электронными переходами для оптически активных примесей азота с обеими бесфононными линиями: для нейтрального NV0-центра при 575.468 нм и для отрицательно заряженного NV--центра при 637.874 нм. Полученные экспериментальные данные указывают на обнаружение сильного резонансного усиления интенсивности во входном канале рассеяния для NV0-центра и в выходном канале для NV--центра. Ключевые слова: двойное резонансное рассеяние света, алмаз, NV-центр.
A Recursive Model of the Spread of COVID-19: Modelling Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ilyin Sergey O
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The major medical and social challenge of the 21st century is COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Critical issues include the rate at which the coronavirus spreads and the effect of quarantine measures and population vaccination on this rate. Knowledge of the laws of the spread of COVID-19 will enable assessment of the effectiveness and reasonableness of the quarantine measures used, as well as determination of the necessary level of vaccination needed to overcome this crisis.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to establish the laws of the spread of COVID-19 and to use them to develop a mathematical model to predict changes in the number of active cases over time, possible human losses, and the rate of recovery of patients, to make informed decisions about the number of necessary beds in hospitals, the introduction and type of quarantine measures, and the required threshold of vaccination of the population.

METHODS

This study analyzed the onset of COVID-19 spread in countries such as China, Italy, Spain, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, and Germany based on publicly available statistical data. The change in the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and recovered persons over time was examined, considering the possible introduction of quarantine measures and isolation of infected people in these countries. Based on the data, the virus transmissibility and the average duration of the disease at different stages were evaluated, and a model based on the principle of recursion was developed. Its key features are the separation of active (nonisolated) infected persons into a distinct category and the prediction of their number based on the average duration of the disease in the inactive phase and the concentration of these persons in the population in the preceding days.

RESULTS

Specific values for SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and COVID-19 duration were estimated for different countries. In China, the viral transmissibility was 3.12 before quarantine measures were implemented and 0.36 after these measures were lifted. For the other countries, the viral transmissibility was 2.28-2.76 initially, and it then decreased to 0.87-1.29 as a result of quarantine measures. Therefore, it can be expected that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 will be suppressed if 56%-64% of the total population becomes vaccinated or survives COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

The quarantine measures adopted in most countries are too weak compared to those previously used in China. Therefore, it is not expected that the spread of COVID-19 will stop and the disease will cease to exist naturally or owing to quarantine measures. Active vaccination of the population is needed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, the required specific percentage of vaccinated individuals depends on the magnitude of viral transmissibility, which can be evaluated using the proposed model and statistical data for the country of interest.
A Theory of Change for Web-Based Therapy and Support Services for Children and Young People: Collaborative Qualitative Exploration (Preprint)
Authors: Hanley Terry , Sefi Aaron , Grauberg Janet , Prescott Julie , Etchebarne Andre
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Web-based counseling and support has become increasingly commonplace for children and young people (CYP). Currently, there is limited research that focuses on the mechanisms of change within complex telepsychology platforms, a factor that makes designing and implementing outcome measures challenging.

OBJECTIVE

This project aims to articulate a theory of change (ToC) for Kooth, a web-based therapy and support platform for CYP.

METHODS

A collaborative qualitative research design involving professional staff, academic partners, and young people was used to develop the ToC. The following three major reflective phases were engaged: a scoping workshop involving professional staff and academic partners, a series of explorative projects were completed to inform the development of the ToC, and the draft ToC was reviewed for coherence by key stakeholders (young people, online professionals, and service managers).

RESULTS

A collaboratively developed ToC was presented. This was divided into the conditions that lead to individuals wanting to access web-based therapy and support (eg, individuals wanting support there and then or quickly), the mode of service delivery (eg, skilled and experienced professionals able to build empathetic relationships with CYP), and the observed and reported changes that occur as a consequence of using the service (eg, individuals being better able to manage current and future situations).

CONCLUSIONS

Developing the ToC helps to shed light on how web-based therapy and support services aid the mental health and well-being of CYP. Furthermore, it helps to understand the development of positive virtual ecosystems and can be used to devise evaluative tools for CYP telepsychology providers.
Explainable Elastic Net using Time Series to Forecast Number of Daily COVID-19 Cases by Generic Region (Preprint)
Authors: Johnsen Timothy , Gao Jerry Zeyu
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Current time series models such as Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA), and machine learning ensembles have been used to forecast the number of novel daily COVID-19 cases by specific region. The most common are ARIMA models. Lacking in the models are explainability by intuitively showing why and how the forecasts are being made, and the ability to generalize the models to be used in any country or region. Other models that use more novel approaches, lack in ease of use and access to data.

OBJECTIVE

To fill this gap by providing a robust method that is explainable, generic, and easy to use.

METHODS

The presented model, Elastic Net COVID-19 Forecaster or EN-CoF for short, uses a linear regressor trained using elastic net to learn meaningful weights of 17 previous 5-day averages to forecast the next 5-day average for any country.

RESULTS

EN-CoF made novel predictions for 124 countries, up to two weeks in advance, with a coefficient of determination, r2, value of 0.9860. For comparisons, the most commonly use model ARIMA was used on the same data and scored a comparable r2 value of 0.9872.

CONCLUSIONS

EN-CoF results, r2 values, are on par with state-of-the-art methods like ARIMA. The advantages of EN-CoF is that it is generic enough to be used for any country or region, provides intuitive static weights making it more explainable and easier to apply, and can be used without extensive machine learning or other technical knowledge.
Let's Face it!
Authors: Boynudelik Beyza
Published: August 2020

Let's Face it!
Panopticon
Authors: Boynudelik Beyza
Published: August 2020

P. 47
List of Contributors
Authors: Malena Anne
Published: August 2020

List
With the Plane
Authors: Boynudelik Beyza
Published: August 2020

P. 139
Implementation of Universal Health Coverage Program in Kisumu County, Kenya: Importance of Social Marketing Strategies
Authors: Otambo P. , Nyandieka L. , Kariuki J. , Mutisya R. , Echoka E. , Mutai J. , Karemi M. , Mokua S. , Mathu D. , Kariuki D. , Bukania Z.
Published: August 2020

Universal Health Coverage is where communities have access to all needed health services without financial hardship. In Kenya, Universal Health Coverage (UHC) program was launched in December 2018, through a presidential decree. This study aimed to understand population needs, acceptability, and perceptions about UHC implementation. The study was undertaken in four pilot counties of Kisumu, Machakos, Nyeri and Isiolo between February and March 2019, using exploratory qualitative data collection techniques. However, this paper focuses on the County of Kisumu which was selected due to its high prevalence of infectious diseases. Respondents included women of reproductive age, men, youth, and elderly persons. In-depth interviews were conducted among health care providers and managers. Scientific and ethical approval was obtained from the Kenya Medical Research Institute’s Scientific and Ethical Review Unit (SERU). Consenting to participate was individualized. Analysis was done thematically. Findings suggest that UHC was understood variously by different groupings. Sensitization about the UHC programme was done through electronic media, by CHVs, education sessions, political class and outreaches. Planning for the programme was done by holding meetings, trainings for community registration and developing budgets. However there was a lot os misunderstanding, confussion and misconcepts about the UHC concept as it was seen as a means to seek for votes by politicians. Barriers for successful implementation included critically understaffed facilities.
Radiation Research and Policy Coordination: A Successful Model
Authors: Young Alvin L.
Published: August 2020

The Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination (CIRRPC) was charted in April 1984 by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC because there was a need to ensure that Federal policies and research applicable to the use and control of radiation sources were well coordinated and integrated. The creation and maintenance of a convenient neutral forum provided opportunities for examining various agency and public interests in radiation research and policy formulation. During its 11 years of existence, the success of CIRRPC’s policy and research initiatives were supported by a professional and administrative staff whose operations were housed in a central and neutral facility that served as a focal point for the radiation coordination activities of the 18 member agencies and departments that were brought together to discuss radiation and scientific issues of mutual interest. For over a decade CIRRPC was recognized nationally and internationally for its activities, and its preparation and publication of more than 20 major reports. CIRRPC was a model of how the Federal government should coordinate radiation issues for the United States.
Los márgenes del orden colonial: la geografía serragordana a través de las anotaciones de autoridades civiles, religiosas y militares (1780-1819)
Authors: Ramirez Casas Ulises
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se estudian los discursos de las autoridades civiles, religiosas y militares que realizaron descripciones sobre la geografía de la Sierra Gorda y sus habitantes entre 1780 y 1819. Por un lado se analiza, a través del discurso, el proceso mediante el cual se conformó la imagen uniforme de la Sierra Gorda: agreste, infértil e inaccesible, a la que paulatinamente se fue asociando con las formas de vida y el temperamento de la gente que habitaba las montañas. Por el otro, se expone una aproximación analítica a la relación entre los discursos de las autoridades novohispanas y las campañas de ordenamiento y control territorial. Finalmente, se muestra cómo a través de dichas campañas, los márgenes de la Sierra Gorda fueron cambiando durante las primeras dos décadas del siglo XIX.
Deteksi Defisiensi Unsur Hara Makro pada Tanaman Kopi berdasarkan Karakteristik Gejala Visual Daun menggunakan MTCD dan JST
Authors: Al Hakim Ahmad Annas , Minarno Agus Eko , Azhar Yufis
Published: August 2020

AbstrakSemua tanaman, termasuk kopi membutuhkan unsur hara yang cukup untuk penunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya secara normal. Apabila kebutuhan hara tidak tercukupi dengan baik, tanaman akan kekurangan suplai makanan dan gejala khas muncul pada tanaman, seperti perubahan ukuran daun, klorosis, nekrosis dan lainnya yang akan terlihat jelas terutama pada organ daun. Gejala – gejala tersebut memberikan ciri khas atau pola pada daun berdasarkan defisiensi hara yang dialami suatu tanaman. Ciri khas tersebut kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan pengolahan citra digital (PCD) dengan menerapkan Multi Texton Cooccurrence Descriptor (MTCD). Metode MTCD akan melakukan penelusuran pada tiap bagian citra, kemudian mengekstrak piksel – piksel yang memiliki kesamaan nilai warna dan tepi. Fitur-fitur hasil ekstraksi digunakan untuk mewakili setiap citra dalam basis data, dan kemudian digunakan untuk klasifikasi dengan menerapkan jaringan saraf tiruan (JST). Hasil akurasi tertinggi yang dihasilkan klasifikasi adalah 0.706. Kata kunci: Defisiensi Hara, PCD, MTCD, JST  AbstractAll plants, including coffee, need enough nutrients to support their normal growth and development. If nutrient needs are not fulfilled properly, plants will lack of food supply and typical symptoms appear in plants, such as changes in leaf size, chlorosis, necrosis and others that will be clearly visible, especially in leaf organs. These symptoms give a characteristic or pattern to the leaves based on nutrient deficiencies experienced by a plant. Then these characteristics are extracted using digital image processing (DIP) by applying Multi Texton Cooccurrence Descriptor (MTCD). The MTCD method will search for each part of the image, then extract pixels that have the same color and edge values. Extracted features are used to represent each image in the database, and then used for classification by applying artificial neural networks (ANN). The highest accuracy of the resulting classification is 0.706. Keywords: Nutrient Deficiency, DIP, MTCD, ANN
Analisis Performa Protokol GPSR Dan GPSR-HLS Pada Jaringan Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET)
Authors: Muzaki Muhammad Fuad , Akbi Denar Regata , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin
Published: August 2020

Salah satu karakteristik utama jaringan VANET yaitu kecepatan node yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan topologi jaringan berubah secara cepat. Hal ini menjadi sebuah kendala dalam pengiriman paket data antara satu node dengan node lainnya. Tantangan yang dihadapi dalam VANET adalah pemilihan protokol routing yang tepat sesuai dengan skenario yang ada. Jenis protoko routing VANET dapat dikategorikan menjadi beberapa jenis yaitu protokol berbasis topologi, geografis, cluster, broadcast, dan geocast. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) adalah contoh protokol routing geografis yang menggunakan posisi node secara geografis untuk menentukan tujuan. Performa yang ditunjukkan protokol GPSR pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkkan performa yang cukup baik, tetapi masih ada kelemahan dalam mekanisme recovery pengiriman paket data. Metode yang bisa digunakan untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut adalah menggunakan Hierarchical Location Service (HLS) yaitu sebuah layanan untuk menentukan posisi node berdasarkan hierarki. Pengujian dengan skenario urban di Kota Malang berdasarkan kecepatan maksimal node, jumlah node, dan ukuran paket data menunjukkan performa protokol GPSR-HLS mengalami peningkatan dalam jumlah paket data yang diterima di node penerima hingga di atas 95% pada ketiga skenario.One of the main characteristics of VANET networks is the high node speed, which causes the network topology to change rapidly. This becomes an obstacle in sending data packets between one node and another node. The challenge faced in VANET is choosing the right routing protocol in accordance with the existing scenario. Types of VANET routing protocols can be categorized into several types, namely topology, geographic, cluster, broadcast and geocast based protocols. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) is an example of a geographical routing protocol that uses the position of a node geographically to determine its destination. The performance shown by the GPSR protocol in previous studies shows a fairly good performance, but there are still weaknesses in the recovery mechanism of sending data packets. The method that can be used to deal with these problems is to use Hierarchical Location Service (HLS), which is a service to determine the position of a node based on a hierarchy. Testing with urban scenarios in Malang based on the maximum node speed, number of nodes, and data packet size shows the performance of the GPSR-HLS protocol has increased in the number of data packets received at the receiving node to above 95% in all three scenarios.