bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of Marolia alicantina sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Melandryidae) from Spain and new distribution records of Marolia species
Authors: KONVIČKA ONDŘEJ , BRUSTEL HERVÉ
Published: January 2021

Marolia alicantina sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Melandryidae) from eastern Spain is described and illustrated. All specimens were collected using window traps on Quercus rotundifolia Lamarck, 1785 (Fagaceae) in the Carrascar de la Font Roja Natural Park (Alicante, Spain). M. alicantina sp. nov. is the only European Marolia having erect setae on the elytra and pronotum. M. alicantina resembles M. grandis Peyerimhoff, 1971 from north Africa, from which it can distinguished by the denser punctuation of the pronotum, shape of the base of the pronotum and shape of the aedeagus. Furthermore, unpublished records for other Marolia species are presented in this paper; in particular M. purkynei Mařan, 1933 is recorded for the first time in Croatia and Greece. The authors had the chance to study six specimens, subsequently labelled as syntypes, of the M. purkynei type series. The location of the remaining possible syntype remains unknown.
Transfer of two South American ant species from Tapinoma Foerster 1850 to Forelius Emery 1888 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae)
Authors: GUERRERO ROBERTO J.
Published: January 2021

Some species of the ant genus Forelius can be misclassified as the genus Tapinoma due to the convergent reduction of the petiolar scale. I review the taxonomic status of Tapinoma antarcticum Forel 1904 and Tapinoma heyeri Forel 1902. Morphological evidence supports the transfer of these names to the ant genus Forelius. Proposed taxonomic changes are as follows: Forelius antarcticus (Forel) comb. nov. (=Forelius fazi (Santschi 1923) comb. nov., =Forelius eidmanni Goetsch 1933 comb. rev.); Forelius heyeri (Forel) comb. nov. (=Forelius heyeri risii (Forel 1912) comb. and syn. nov., =Forelius pusillus (Santschi 1922) syn. nov., =Forelius tucumanus (Kusnezov 1953) syn. nov.). Lectotypes for Forelius antarcticus and Forelius heyeri are designated. The worker of Forelius heyeri, as well as the worker and queen of Forelius antarcticus are diagnosed and redescribed. Multifocus images for lectotype workers are provided. Morphological variation within and between species of Forelius with rounded spiracles is discussed.
Delayed Impact of Indian Ocean Warming on the East Asian Surface Temperature Variation in Boreal Summer
Authors: Kim Sunyong , Kug Jong-Seong
Published: January 2021

A significant negative relationship is found between the summer mean north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and East Asian surface temperature anomalies. However, the relationship is distinctively different for each month and shows a time-lagged relation rather than a simultaneous one. The north Indian Ocean warming in June is responsible for significant cold anomalies over the region of the Korean Peninsula and Japan (KJ region) that peak in July, exhibiting a 1-month leading role. The SST increase is closely associated with enhanced convective activity in the region in June, but the relationship between SST and resultant precipitation is substantially weakened afterward. This dependency of the precipitation sensitivity on SST anomalies is related to the climatological evolution of SST. The relatively low background SST due to the strengthening of southwesterly monsoons in the late summer can weaken the sensitivity of the precipitation to SST anomalies, yet the background SST in June is strong enough to maintain an increased sensitivity of precipitation. Thus, the Indian Ocean warming in June effectively drives atmospheric Kelvin waves that propagate into the equatorial western Pacific. In the western North Pacific (WNP), the resultant Kelvin wave–induced Ekman divergence triggers suppressed convection and anticyclonic anomalies. The WNP suppressed convection and anticyclonic anomalies move slowly northeastward until they are located near 20°N through the local air–sea interaction, and act as a source of the Pacific–Japan teleconnection. This teleconnection pathway brings clod surface anomalies to the KJ region due to the cyclonic circulation that causes the radiative and horizontal advection.
How Does the Relationship between Ambient Deep-Tropospheric Vertical Wind Shear and Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes Change between Coastal and Inland Environments?
Authors: Schenkel Benjamin A. , Coniglio Michael , Edwards Roger
Published: January 2021

This work investigates how the relationship between tropical cyclone (TC) tornadoes and ambient (i.e., synoptic-scale) deep-tropospheric (i.e., 850–200-hPa) vertical wind shear (VWS) varies between coastal and inland environments. Observed U.S. TC tornado track data are used to study tornado frequency and location, while dropsonde and radiosonde data are used to analyze convective-scale environments. To study the variability in the TC tornado–VWS relationship, these data are categorized by both 1) their distance from the coast and 2) reanalysis-derived VWS magnitude. The analysis shows that TCs produce coastal tornadoes regardless of VWS magnitude primarily in their downshear sector, with tornadoes most frequently occurring in strongly sheared cases. Inland tornadoes, including the most damaging cases, primarily occur in strongly sheared TCs within the outer radii of the downshear-right quadrant. Consistent with these patterns, dropsondes and coastal radiosondes show that the downshear-right quadrant of strongly sheared TCs has the most favorable combination of enhanced lower-tropospheric near-surface speed shear and veering, and reduced lower-tropospheric thermodynamic stability for tornadic supercells. Despite the weaker intensity farther inland, these kinematic conditions are even more favorable in inland environments within the downshear-right quadrant of strongly sheared TCs, due to the strengthened veering of the ambient winds and the lack of changes in the TC outer tangential wind field strength. The constructive superposition of the ambient and TC winds may be particularly important to inland tornado occurrence. Together, these results will allow forecasters to anticipate how the frequency and location of tornadoes and, more broadly, convection may change as TCs move inland.
When Algorithmic Transparency Failed: Controversies Over Algorithm-Driven Content Curation in the South Korean Digital Environment
Authors: Kim Kitae , Moon Shin-Il
Published: January 2021

Content curation in contemporary digital platforms leverages both algorithmic decision making and human judgment. As much as algorithm has become an integral part of digital configurations, there are growing concerns about the lack of accountability surrounding algorithm-driven digital services. The issue of algorithmic accountability is attributed not only to intrinsic opacity in computational processes but also to the lack of transparency in platform governance. This article discusses two controversial cases surrounding algorithmic transparency in the South Korean digital environment. It first epitomizes the notion of algorithmic transparency as a prerequisite for accountability. Then, it situates the use of algorithms for online content curation in the South Korean digital environment to illustrate how algorithmic transparency is complicated by sociopolitical conditions. Finally, this research offers several suggestions for promoting a more accountable algorithm society.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Poredos Pavel , Poredos Aleksandra Visnovic , Gregoric Igor
Published: January 2021

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and some other vascular diseases. ED has been demonstrated in patients with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, and in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Besides classical risk factors, ED is affected by chronic inflammatory diseases and acute infections, particularly viral diseases. Causes of ED include oxidative stress, inflammation, and shear stress, which decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Markers of ED have been sought, particularly circulating markers. Using these tests, it is possible to evaluate the response to harmful effects of risk factors and the effects of treatment on vessel wall function. Endothelial dysfunction is significantly and directly correlated with the occurrence of cardiac events and the risk of cardiac events increase as ED worsens. Because endothelial function plays a central role in atherogenesis it became a therapeutic target. Endothelial dysfunction is reversible and its improvement may be achieved by elimination of risk factors, inhibitors of endothelium-derived contracting factors (angiotensin-converting enzyme), smoking cessation, lipid-lowering drugs, diet, and physical exercise. By reversing ED, it is possible to restore vascular function.
The impossibility of gendered justice through surrogacy bans
Authors: Rudrappa Sharmila
Published: January 2021

This concluding article, building from observations of the industry from 2008 onwards, examines the practices of commercial and altruistic surrogacy in India. Commercial surrogacy is built on atomized market relationships, where exchanges are mediated by money. The author shows how exploitation is at the heart of production in commercial surrogacy. Altruistic surrogacy is built on gift-like giving between social actors engaged in ongoing exchange relationships. While these sorts of exchanges might seem egalitarian, the author argues that domination is at the heart of exchange in altruistic surrogacy. The article concludes that banning all forms of surrogacy is not the answer, and provides policy recommendations that do not eradicate, but ameliorate exploitation and domination.
Finding Talent Among Elementary English Learners: A Validity Study of the HOPE Teacher Rating Scale
Authors: Pereira Nielsen
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the HOPE Scale for identifying gifted English language learners (ELs) and how classroom and English as a second language (ESL) teacher HOPE Scale scores differ. Seventy teachers completed the HOPE Scale on 1,467 students in grades K-5 and four ESL teachers completed the scale on 131 ELs. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the HOPE Scale yields noninvariant latent means across EL and English proficient (EP) samples. However, confirmatory factor analysis results support the use of the scale with ELs or EP students separately. Results also indicate that the rating patterns of classroom and ESL teachers were different and that the HOPE Scale does not yield valid data when used by ESL teachers. Caution is recommended when using the HOPE Scale and other teacher rating scales to compare ELs to EP students. The importance of invariance testing before using an instrument with a population that is different from the one(s) for which the instrument was developed is discussed.
Neck Strength and Endurance and Associated Personal and Work-Related Factors
Authors: Chowdhury Suman K. , Zhou Yu , Wan Bocheng , Reddy Curran , Zhang Xudong
Published: January 2021

Objective

The present study aimed to establish a normative database of neck strength and endurance while exploring personal and work-related factors that can significantly influence neck strength and endurance.

Background

A normative database combining both neck strength and endurance and delineating how they are affected by personal and work-related factors is currently lacking. It is needed for the development of tools and guidelines for designing work requiring head-neck exertions to contain the risk of occupational neck pain.

Methods

Forty healthy participants (20 males and 20 females) performed sustained-till-exhaustion head-neck exertions, while seated, at 50% and 100% of their maximal efforts in anterior, anterior-superior, and posterior-superior directions in neutral, 40° extended, and 40° flexed neck postures. Exertion force and endurance time data from 38 participants were recorded and analyzed using regression models.

Results

Overall, multiple regression analyses of the neck strength and endurance database revealed that head-neck posture is the most significant determinant of both neck strength and endurance. The time of day significantly influenced neck endurance. Among the personal factors, a significant sex effect on neck strength and significant age and body mass index (BMI) effects on neck endurance were identified.

Conclusion

The work-related factors play a more significant role in shaping both neck strength and endurance than personal factors and therefore are more important modifiable factors in meeting the physical demands of work.

Application

The study findings can aid in work design as well as in pre-employment screening to reduce the incidence of neck pain in the workplace.
Working Still Harder
Authors: Green Francis , Felstead Alan , Gallie Duncan , Henseke Golo
Published: January 2021

The authors use data from the British Skills and Employment Surveys to document and to try to account for sustained work intensification between 2001 and 2017. They estimate the determinants of work intensity, first using four waves of the pooled cross-section data, then using a constructed pseudo-panel of occupation–industry cells. The latter approach suggests biases in cross-section models of work intensity, associated with unobserved fixed effects in specific occupations and industries. The pseudo-panel analysis can account for slightly more than half (51%) of work intensification using variables that measure effort-biased technological change, effort-biased organizational change, the growing requirement for learning new things, and the rise of self-employment. The authors interpret the work intensification and these effects within a power-resources framework.
International public administration on the tip of the tongue: language as a feature of representative bureaucracy in the Economic Community of West African States
Authors: Murdoch Zuzana , Gravier Magali , Gänzle Stefan
Published: January 2021

Recent scholarship shows increasing interest in gender, ethnic or national representation within regional and international organizations. In contrast, language as a criterion of representation has rarely been scrutinized. We argue that this constitutes an important oversight for two reasons: (1) language is an important identity marker; and (2) language regimes in international public administrations can uniquely address representativeness relative to both member states and groups of citizens. Our article explores language representation in the Economic Community of West African States, and pursues a twofold objective: first, it extends the applicability of representative bureaucracy theory to the issue of language; and, second, it broadens the scope of representative bureaucracy studies by providing the first study on a prominent West African regional organization. As such, we develop avenues for future research on other regional and international organizations.

Points for practitioners

The article is of particular relevance for managers in multilingual international and regional organizations. Organizations tend to overlook the role and impact of languages on their functioning, often considering them as a technicality. Taking the example of the Economic Community of West African States, the article argues that linguistic regimes are important for the performance and the legitimacy of the organization in terms of acceptance by both citizens and its member states.
Size effects in plain-weave Astroquartz® deployable thin shells
Authors: Ferraro Serena , Pellegrino Sergio
Published: January 2021

The general scaling trend for brittle materials, in which the strength increases when the sample size decreases, is reversed in plain-weave laminates of Astroquartz® and cyanate ester resin. Specifically, both the shear stiffness and the compressive strength decrease for test samples with widths smaller than 15 times the wavelength of the fabric, and observations at the microscale explain this behavior. The derived scaling is applied to the analysis of a deployable thin shell forming a 90∘ corner hinge with five cutouts on each side. The cutouts leave narrow strips of material with width as small as one fabric wavelength, forming structural ligaments whose strength and stiffness are subject to strong size-scaling effects. A numerical simulation of the folding process followed by a failure analysis is presented, using two alternative material models and failure criteria. The size independent model predicts that the structure will remain damage-free after it is folded and deployed, whereas the size-scaled model predicts that failure will occur. The correctness of the size-scaled model prediction is verified by measuring localized damage in a physical prototype, using x-ray CT scans.
Investigating the Effects of Excise Taxes, Public Usage Restrictions, and Antismoking Ads Across Cigarette Brands
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Lewis Michael , Singh Vishal
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of strong brands such as Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, Budweiser, and Marlboro in “vice” categories has important implications for regulators and consumers. While researchers in multiple disciplines have studied the effectiveness of antitobacco countermarketing strategies, little attention has been given to how brand strength may moderate the efficacy of tactics such as excise taxes, usage restrictions, and educational advertising campaigns. In this research, the authors use a multiple discrete-continuous model to study the impact of antismoking techniques on smokers’ choices of brands and quantities. The results suggest that although cigarette excise taxes decrease smoking rates, these taxes also result in a shift in market share toward stronger brands. Market leaders may be less affected by tax policies because their market power allows strong brands such as Marlboro to absorb rather than pass through increased taxes. In contrast, smoke-free restrictions cause a shift away from stronger brands. In terms of antismoking advertising, the authors find minimal effects on brand choice and consumption. The findings highlight the importance of considering brand asymmetries when designing a policy portfolio on cigarette tax hikes, smoke-free restrictions, and antismoking advertising campaigns.
Creation of a Living Will in Older Adulthood: Differences by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Suntai Zainab
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine racial differences in the creation of a living will among older adults, guided by the Andersen model of healthcare utilization. Data from the 2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study were used to examine differences between Black and Hispanic older adults compared to Whites. Weighted bivariate analysis and a weighted logistic regression model were used to determine the presence of a living will. After accounting for predisposing, enabling and need factors, Black and Hispanic older adults were significantly less likely to have a living compared to White older adults. Results indicate the need to examine cultural, historical, and systemic factors that could affect engagement in advance care planning among Black and Hispanic older adults.
Executive Function and Mood: The Moderating Role of Athletic Expertise
Authors: Vaughan Robert S. , McConville Christopher
Published: January 2021

Executive function (EF) is known to be influenced by mood, but whether this relationship holds for populations of athletes and whether athletic expertise moderates it is uncertain. Thus, in the current study, we examined relationships between positive and negative affect (i.e., mood), the lower-order cortical aspects of executive function (i.e., inhibition, shifting and updating), and athletic expertise. A sample of 256 participants (55.08% male; Mage = 20.69) completed a self-report mood measure and computerized tests of EF. Individuals with more athletic expertise reported higher positive affect and better EF scores, whereas those with less athletic expertise reported higher negative affect. Structural equation modelling indicated that positive affect was related to better inhibition, shifting, and updating performance but was not related to performance errors. Similarly, negative affect was related to better EF, except for the inhibition latency score. Athletic expertise moderated all significant associations between mood and EF and higher expertise facilitated higher EF performance. Together, athletic expertise is an important individual differences factor in understanding the influence of mood on EF performance.
Adaptive robust cross-coupling position synchronization control of a hydraulic press slider-leveling
Authors: Sun Chungeng , Yuan Ruibo
Published: January 2021

To achieve a high performance synchronized motion trajectory tracking of the hydraulic press slider-leveling electrohydraulic control system, an adaptive robust cross-coupling control strategy that incorporates the cross-coupling approach into adaptive robust control (ARC) architecture has been proposed. The primary objective of this study was describe that the nonlinear ARC controller together with a cross-coupling control (CCC) controller was integrated to solve the slider-leveling synchronization control system using four axes. A discontinuous projection-based ARC controller was constructed. A robust control method with dynamic compensation type fast adaptation was introduced to attenuate the effects of parameter estimation errors, unmodeled dynamics and disturbances, and improved the transient tracking performance of the system. The stability of the controller was proven by Lyapunov theory and the trajectory tracking error asymptotically convergences to zero. The simulation of a desired reference trajectory was included. The max tracking error of the proposed ARC controller of single axis was kept within—0.06 mm. The trajectory tracking error asymptotically converges to zero, which guaranteed the system would possess good transient behavior and confirmed the stability performance of the control system. The four axes synchronous errors of reference trajectory with cross-coupling controller indicated the maximum synchronization error of the proposed ARC + CCC controller between axis was within ±0.1 mm. The ARC together with a CCC controller for four hydraulic cylinders used parameter adaptation to obtain estimates of model parameters for reducing the extent of parametric uncertainties, and used a robust control law to attenuate the effects of parameter estimation errors, unmodeled dynamics, and disturbances. This study result shows that the proposed cross-coupling synchronization control scheme, together with the ARC law, provides excellent synchronization motion performance in a control system with four axes.
Design of three-strand compact spinning system and numerical flow-field simulation for different structures of air-suction guides and suction inserts
Authors: Demir Murat , Kilic Musa , Sayin Serdar , Kiral Zeki , Balduk Furkan , Denge Kıymet Kübra
Published: January 2021

This study aims to design a compact three-strand spinning approach as inspired by the twist and compact spinning. In the design process, auxiliary parts of twist and pneumatic compact spinning technologies were modified. First, a three-strand funnel and three-groove delivery cylinder were designed to feed three-strand into the drafting zone and control strand space. Then, air-suction guides and suction inserts with different structures of air-inlet slots were designed to create a separate condensing zone for each of the strands. Different structures of the air-suction guide and suction insert were used for modeling the compacting zone and four different systems were introduced. The effectiveness of compacting zones was discussed according to the numerical flow-field simulation studied with SolidWorks Flow Simulation software. Numerical simulation results showed that creating separate condensing zones for three-strand yarns was achieved with all of the new designs. However, the air-guide with longer air-inlet slot channels provided better flow-velocity components and static pressure values. It was also seen that using the same guide with narrowed slots suction insert results in greater flow-velocity components. In the experimental part, the guide with longer air-inlet slots and narrowed slots of suction insert was produced with a 3D printer and used for compact three-strand production. Properties of the compact three-strand yarns were compared with ring three-strand yarns to investigate compacting effects, and it was seen that better yarn properties were obtained with the compact three-strand spinning.
Surveys in Communities Divided by Ethnicity and Conflict: Challenges, Possible Solutions, and Lessons Learned from a Survey in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Rudloff Peter , Vinson Laura Thaut
Published: January 2021

This article details the challenges we faced in collecting sensitive information in an ethnically and religiously divided community that has experienced recent violence. The discussion is based on a summer 2016 survey experiment we conducted in Jos, Nigeria, to gather information regarding residents' perceptions of local communal violence. We discuss the challenges of such research and our approach to randomized sampling, constructing treatments that minimize the stress to respondents, debriefing to lower the possibility of spreading rumors of conflict, and utilizing computer tablets to increase access to the study for respondents with varying languages and levels of literacy. In particular, we discuss a geographic sampling method used for randomization, which we hope will prove useful to others facing similar randomization challenges.
How to Interpret the Effect of Covariates on the Extreme Categories in Ordinal Data Models
Authors: Iannario Maria , Tarantola Claudia
Published: January 2021

This contribution deals with effect measures for covariates in ordinal data models to address the interpretation of the results on the extreme categories of the scales, evaluate possible response styles, and motivate collapsing of extreme categories. It provides a simpler interpretation of the influence of the covariates on the probability of the response categories both in standard cumulative link models under the proportional odds assumption and in the recent extension of the Combination of Uncertainty and Preference of the respondents models, the mixture models introduced to account for uncertainty in rating systems. The article shows by means of marginal effect measures that the effects of the covariates are underestimated when the uncertainty component is neglected. Visualization tools for the effect of covariates are proposed, and measures of relative size and partial effect based on rates of change are evaluated by the use of real data sets.
Jesus, friend of sinners: A three-party kerygmatic model of mission
Authors: Shorack John S
Published: January 2021

“Jesus, friend of sinners” is the Christological image from the written Gospels that frames the proposed model of mission. This article begins with the case of a Pentecostal pastor in the hillside slums of Caracas, Venezuela, and the shift in her paradigm when she realized that Jesus was a friend of sinners. Through the missional experiences of her congregation and a careful selection of Gospel texts, the article examines this paradigm as a model of mission. According to this model, the evangelist engages outsiders and fellow insiders in the same kerygmatic event. The article makes use of the categories of in-groups and out-groups, and the adversarial nature of insider–outsider relations. The three-party nature of this model stands in contrast to the prevailing two-party paradigm of insider-to-outsider evangelism. The missional implications that result from including fellow insiders as a third party in evangelistic ministry are identified for further exploration.
Diplopia in a Child: Gradenigo Syndrome Is an Unforgettable Disease
Authors: Chan Kai-Chieh , Chen Shih-Lung
Published: January 2021

Gradenigo syndrome is a clinical triad of abducens nerve palsy, retro-orbital pain (trigeminal ganglionitis), and chronic otorrhea (otitis media). The etiology of Gradenigo syndrome results from apical petrositis secondary to suppurative otitis media. Although apical petrositis has gradually become uncommon in modern society due to the widespread use of antibiotics, Gradenigo syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child’s diplopia.
Four Women in Samuel Confront Power—Part 1: Contemporary Views
Authors: Zucker David J.
Published: January 2021

Abigail of Maon, the Medium of Endor, the Wise Woman of Tekoa, and the Wise Woman of Abel: at personal risk, all dared to confront power. In part 1 of this article contemporary scholars comment on their actions. Part 2, to be published in our next issue (BTB 51/2—May, 2021), discusses their appearance in the Aramaic Bible, the Targum Jonathan; and in the writings of both the ancient Rabbis and the Church Fathers.
“Be a Man”: The Role of Social Pressure in Eliciting Men’s Aggressive Cognition
Authors: Stanaland Adam , Gaither Sarah
Published: January 2021

Threatening a man’s manhood—but not a woman’s womanhood—elicits aggression. In two studies, we found evidence that this aggression is related to the social pressure men experience to “be a man.” In Study 1a, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to isolate participants’ ( N = 195; Mage = 19.92) differential motivations for conforming to gender norms. Study 1b then showed that pressure to be masculine moderates the relationship between gender identity threat and aggressive cognition for men. In Study 2a, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the aforementioned scales with an age-diverse sample of men ( N = 391; Mage = 33.16, range = 18–56 years). Study 2b replicated Study 1b, most notably with younger men. In all, these findings reveal one pathway—the pressure men experience to be stereotypically masculine—that elicits aggressive cognition when under threat in a U.S. context.
Putting the Pieces Together: A Review of HR Differentiation Literature and a Multilevel Model
Authors: Marescaux Elise , De Winne Sophie , Brebels Lieven
Published: January 2021

Inspired by a pursuit of higher returns on human resource management (HRM) investments as well as a trend towards the individualization of HRM, several scholars have focused on the phenomenon of HR differentiation, that is, the differential allocation of resources across employees through the use of HRM practices. Yet, different definitions and angles to study HR differentiation have been used. As a result, ambiguities render it difficult to compare research findings and draw meaningful conclusions about HR differentiation and its consequences. Based on a systematic analysis of 164 articles from five different research streams (i.e., strategic HRM, talent management, i-deals, pay dispersion, and diversity management literatures), we identify four properties of HR differentiation (its basis, formalization, resource, and purpose) and propose a more fine-grained definition of the construct. Next, drawing from optimal distinctiveness–based inclusion theory, we develop an integrated multilevel model with propositions that helps explain the social psychological consequences of HR differentiation at three integrated levels of analysis (employee, workgroup, and organization). Subsequently, we derive an agenda for future research. In doing so, we contribute by developing a common language for scholars with different disciplinary backgrounds and inspire future research on HR differentiation.
The impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on cerebral vasospasm in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Malinova Vesna , Bleuel Kim , Stadelmann Christine , Iliev Bogdan , Tsogkas Ioannis , Psychogios Marios N , Rohde Veit , Mielke Dorothee
Published: January 2021

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to induce changes in cortical excitability and perfusion in a rat ischemic stroke model. Since perfusion disturbances are a common phenomenon, not only in ischemic but also in hemorrhagic stroke, tDCS might have a possible beneficial effect on cerebral perfusion in hemorrhagic stroke as well. We applied tDCS in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and evaluated its impact on vasospasm. SAH was induced using the double-hemorrhage rat model. TDCS was applied on day 3 and 4. For vasospasm assessment magnetic resonance angiography was performed on day 1, day 2 and day 5. A total of 147 rats were operated, whereat 72 rats died before day 5 and 75 rats survived the whole experiment and could be analyzed. The cathodal group consisted of 26 rats, the anodal group included 24 rats. Thirteen rats served as controls without tDCS, and twelve rats underwent a sham operation. The cathodal group revealed the lowest incidence of new vasospasm on day 5 ( p = 0.01), and the lowest mean number of vasospastic vessels per rat ( p = 0.02). TDCS influences the vasospasm incidence in an SAH-model in rats, where cathodal-tDCS was associated with a lower vasospasm incidence and severity.
Adaptive Policies to Balance Health Benefits and Economic Costs of Physical Distancing Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yaesoubi Reza , Havumaki Joshua , Chitwood Melanie H. , Menzies Nicolas A. , Gonsalves Gregg , Salomon Joshua A. , Paltiel A. David , Cohen Ted
Published: January 2021

Policy makers need decision tools to determine when to use physical distancing interventions to maximize the control of COVID-19 while minimizing the economic and social costs of these interventions. We describe a pragmatic decision tool to characterize adaptive policies that combine real-time surveillance data with clear decision rules to guide when to trigger, continue, or stop physical distancing interventions during the current pandemic. In model-based experiments, we find that adaptive policies characterized by our proposed approach prevent more deaths and require a shorter overall duration of physical distancing than alternative physical distancing policies. Our proposed approach can readily be extended to more complex models and interventions.
Intensive care digital health response to emerging infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19
Authors: Kirrane Marianne D , Shrapnel Sally , Ramanan Mahesh , Clement Pierre , Fraser John F , Laupland Kevin B , Sullivan Clair M , Shekar Kiran
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has required intensive care units to rapidly adjust and adapt their existing practices. Although there has a focus on expanding critical care infrastructure, equipment and workforce, plans have not emphasised the need to increase digital capabilities. The objective of this report was to recognise key areas of digital health related to the COVID-19 response. We identified and explored six focus areas relevant to intensive care, including using digital solutions to increase critical care capacity, developing surge capacity within an electronic health record, maintenance and downtime planning, training considerations and the role of data analytics. This article forms the basis of a framework for the intensive care digital health response to COVID-19 and other emerging infectious disease outbreaks.
Observational study of thrombosis and bleeding in COVID-19 VV ECMO patients
Authors: Ripoll Brianda , Rubino Antonio , Besser Martin , Patvardhan Chinmay , Thomas William , Sheares Karen , Shanahan Hilary , Agrawal Bobby , Webb Stephen , Vuylsteke Alain
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

COVID-19 has been associated with increased risk of thrombosis, heparin resistance and coagulopathy in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care. We report the incidence of thrombotic and bleeding events in a single center cohort of 30 consecutive patients with COVID-19 supported by veno-venous extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO) and who had a whole body Computed Tomography Scanner (CT) on admission.

Methodology:

All patients were initially admitted to other hospitals and later assessed and retrieved by our ECMO team. ECMO was initiated in the referral center and all patients admitted through our CT scan before settling in our intensive care unit. Clinical management was guided by our institutional ECMO guidelines, established since 2011 and applied to at least 40 patients every year.

Results:

We diagnosed a thrombotic event in 13 patients on the initial CT scan. Two of these 13 patients subsequently developed further thrombotic complications. Five of those 13 patients had a subsequent clinically significant major bleeding. In addition, two patients presented with isolated intracranial bleeds. Of the 11 patients who did not have baseline thrombotic events, one had a subsequent oropharyngeal hemorrhage. When analyzed by ROC analysis, the area under the curve for % time in intended anticoagulation range did not predict thrombosis or bleeding during the ECMO run (0.36 (95% CI 0.10–0.62); and 0.51 (95% CI 0.25–0.78); respectively).

Conclusion:

We observed a high prevalence of VTE and a significant number of hemorrhages in these severely ill patients with COVID-19 requiring veno-venous ECMO support.
Primary renal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: A narrative review of literature
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Shojazadeh Alireza , Marzban Mahsa
Published: January 2021

Renal involvement by Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is very rare, and involvement of the kidney as the primary site of NHL (PRNHL) is much more uncommon. Gold standard for the diagnosis of PRNHL is histology and imaging modalities although helpful are not specific. Nephrectomy has been mostly recommended for low grade lymphomas, and for high grade PRNHLs, chemotherapy without nephrectomy has been recommended as the treatment of choice. This tumor is aggressive with poor prognosis. This poor prognosis is partly because of delayed diagnosis and partly because of unnecessary surgeries, so it should be kept in mind, especially in bilateral renal tumors with unusual imaging characteristics, to take a tissue biopsy before nephrectomy. In this review, we will discuss all the detailed aspects of clinical, pathologic, and imaging characteristics of 83 cases of PRNHL reported in the last 20 years in the English literature so far. For this purpose, all the published cases of the primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of kidney were reviewed via a search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, (1999–2019), using the keywords of “Primary renal lymphoma” and “Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and kidney,” “renal Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,” “renal lymphoma,” and “lymphoma and kidney.” There were 83 cases in the published English literature which were reviewed for this article. There was some missing information in some cases which has been recorded as “not reported.”
Assisted Living Administrators’ Approaches to Advance Care Planning
Authors: Abken Elise S. , Perkins Molly M. , Bender Alexis A.
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

This project examined administrator processes, barriers, and facilitators for conducting advance care planning in assisted living.

Method:

Data from qualitative interviews with 27 administrators from seven diverse assisted living communities in the metropolitan Atlanta area were linked with descriptive and administrative data collected from each site and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Although administrators generally contended with a lack of staff training and stakeholders’ reluctance to discuss advance care planning and end-of-life care, important facilitators of advance care planning in some assisted living communities included periodic follow-up discussions of residents’ wishes and successfully educating consumers about the importance of planning. Three study communities whose administrators discussed planning with residents and informal caregivers during regular care plan meetings had more advance care planning documents on file.

Discussion:

These findings demonstrate the potential for nonmedical organizations, such as assisted living, to successfully promote advance care planning among their members.
Strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Pakistan
Authors: Michel Devadoss Paul Selvam , Pariatamby Agamuthu , Bhatti Mehran Sanam , Chenayah Santha , Shahul Hamid Fauziah
Published: January 2021

The studies on municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Pakistan and its impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are glaringly missing. Therefore, this study examines the effect of MSW management on GHG emissions in Pakistan and suggests the best suitable strategies for alleviating GHG emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 waste model (WM) was used to create inventory of GHG emissions from landfilling. The solid waste management GHG (SWM-GHG) calculator and strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threat (SWOT) analyses were used as strategic planning tools to reduce GHG emissions by improving MSW management in Pakistan. The IPCC 2006 WM estimated 14,987,113 metric tonnes (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq) of GHG emissions in 2016. The SWM-GHG calculator, on the other hand, estimated 23,319,370 Mt CO2-eq of GHG emissions from management of 30,764,000 Mt of MSW in 2016, which included 8% recycling, 2% composting, and 90% disposal in open dumps. To reduce GHG emissions, two strategies including recycling-focused and incineration-focused were analysed. The recycling approach can reduce more GHG emissions than incineration, as it can reduce 36% of GHG emissions (as compared to GHG emission in 2016) by recycling 23% of MSW, anaerobically digesting 10% of MSW, and disposing of 67% of MSW in sanitary landfills (with energy recovery). Moreover, the SWOT analysis suggested integration of the informal sector, adoption of anaerobic digestion and formulation of explicit MSW regulations for improving the current management of MSW which will also result in lower GHG emissions.
A brief review of the biology of megakaryocytes and platelets and their role in thrombosis associated with particulate air pollution
Authors: Gonzalez-Villalva Adriana , Bizarro-Nevares Patricia , Rojas-Lemus Marcela , Ustarroz-Cano Martha , López-Valdez Nelly , García-Peláez Isabel , Albarrán-Alonso Juan Carlos , Barbosa-Barrón Fernanda , Fortoul Teresa I
Published: January 2021

Air pollution is a worldwide public health issue and it is associated with millions of premature deaths due to cancer, thrombosis, and pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Thrombosis is the excessive clotting that blocks a blood vessel, and its etiology is multifactorial. In recent years, growing evidence has linked air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) and metals, to the development of thrombosis. PM and metals induce lung and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that are frequent mechanisms in thrombosis. Platelets are important effectors of physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. They are responsible for the formation of the initial plug and are important in the cellular model of coagulation. Therefore, any changes in their morphology or function or an increase in activation could be extremely relevant in thrombosis. Megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow and in the lungs are the precursor cells of platelets, and the latter is the first organ injured by air pollution. There is substantial evidence of the effect that PM and metals have on platelets, but there is almost no research about the effect of PM and metals on MKs. It is very likely that the alterations produced by air pollution originate in these cells. In this article, we review the biology of MKs and platelets and their role in particulate air pollution-related thrombosis to emphasize the need for further research in this field.
Réduire les pratiques d’obsolescence du point de vue des systèmes produit–service orientés produit : un agenda de recherche
Authors: Munten Pauline , Vanhamme Joëlle , Swaen Valerie
Published: January 2021

Cet article conceptuel développe un agenda de recherche sur le rôle que les Systèmes Produit–Service (SPS) orientés produit – pratiques de servicisation similaires au bundling – peuvent jouer dans la réduction de l’obsolescence des produits durables (c’est-à-dire la réduction délibérée de la durée de vie des produits et la dévaluation symbolique de ceux-ci). Cette possibilité est étudiée du point de vue des consommateurs et des entreprises. Il en ressort des pistes de recherche sur la façon dont le marketing peut faire progresser les connaissances, en particulier dans les domaines du design des produits et du marketing durable. Cet article contribue à la littérature sur le bundling en suggérant que différentes stratégies de bundling peuvent être déployées afin d’améliorer les performances environnementales et réduire l’obsolescence. Les effets des SPS orientés produit sur l’obsolescence dépendent du type de services supplémentaires que les entreprises associent à leurs produits. Cette réflexion a des implications pour les managers qui souhaitent adopter une stratégie de bundling de produits et de services ainsi que pour les régulateurs et les décideurs politiques qui veulent lutter contre l’obsolescence.
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Mindfulness Intervention Delivered via Videoconferencing for People With Parkinson’s
Authors: Bogosian Angeliki , Hurt Catherine S. , Hindle John V. , McCracken Lance M. , Vasconcelos e Sa Debora A. , Axell Sandra , Tapper Katy , Stevens Jemima , Hirani P. Shashi , Salhab Marya , Ye Wenrong , Cubi-Molla Patricia
Published: January 2021

Mindfulness-based group therapy is a rapidly growing psychological approach that can potentially help people adjust to chronic illness and manage unpleasant symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that mindfulness-based interventions may benefit people with Parkinson’s. The objective of the paper is to examine the appropriateness, feasibility, and potential cost-effectiveness of an online mindfulness intervention, designed to reduce anxiety and depression for people with Parkinson’s. We conducted a feasibility randomized control trial and qualitative interviews. Anxiety, depression, pain, insomnia, fatigue, impact on daily activities and health-related quality of life were measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 20 weeks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the end of the intervention. Participants were randomized to the Skype delivered mindfulness group (n = 30) or wait-list (n = 30). Participants in the mindfulness group were also given a mindfulness manual and a CD with mindfulness meditations. The intervention did not show any significant effects in the primary or secondary outcome measures. However, there was a significant increase in the quality of life measure. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated to be £27,107 per Quality-Adjusted Life Year gained. Also, the qualitative study showed that mindfulness is a suitable and acceptable intervention. It appears feasible to run a trial delivering mindfulness through Skype, and people with Parkinson’s found the sessions acceptable and helpful.