bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Verma Santosh , Dhabarde Ajab , Verma Rashmi , Kumar Soorya
Published: February 2025

Background: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the common disorder leading to epiphora and is usually due to the failure of canalization of nasolacrimal duct. Canalization of the nasolacrimal duct usually occurs by six months of intrauterine life. Common causes of nasolacrimal duct obstruction include the absence or atresia of the canaliculi and puncta, congenital atresia of the duct, the presence of a membrane at the valve of Hasner, absence of valves, lacrimal sac mucocele, blockages, and craniofacial abnormalities.

Methods: The study included 100 babies (108 eyes) under the age of 2 diagnosed with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Hydrostatic sac massage was performed weekly by the clinician and proper technique was explained to the parents for massaging at home. All babies were followed weekly for 6 months. Successful hydrostatic sac massage was documented when complete resolution of symptoms occurred.

Results: The most common sign of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was mucopurulent discharge (62.96%) followed by epiphora (31.48%), mucocele (3.70%) and lacrimal abscess (1.85%). The overall effectiveness of hydrostatic sac massage in babies below 2 years of age was 80.55% and it was most effective in 6-12 months age group (88.23%). The success rate decreases as age increases.

Conclusion: Hydrostatic sac massage of the nasolacrimal duct is a safe and effective primary treatment option for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in babies under 2 years of age. Results of the study may encourage us to proceed for early non-surgical intervention of CNLDO by hydrostatic nasolacrimal sac massage rather than waiting for spontaneous resolution.
AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF A LARYNGEAL FOREIGN BODY MIMICKING AS LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, Madurai Medical College, Madurai., Muthu Kumar B. , Murugan N. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, Madurai Medical College, Madurai., Prabha C. ,   ENT Post Graduate.
Published: February 2025

A 35-years old male, who is a chronic smoker and alcoholic, presented with complaints of persistent voice change and dysphagia for one month. No history of foreign body ingestion was noted.Videolaryngoscopic examination revealed a lesion suspicious for malignancy, and a CT scan of the neck showed heterogeneous, soft tissue-dense lesion in the left aryepiglottic fold, left paraglottic space & pyriform fossa ,suggestive of malignant growth. He underwent a microlaryngoscopic biopsy under general anesthesia. During the procedure for biopsy, the entire mass was excised from the left laryngeal ventricle. Macroscopic examination of the mass revealed that it was an engulfed foreign body(mutton bone).
MENINGITE ET GROSSESSE - A PROPOS DE 03 CAS CHU MOHAMMED VI - OUJDA
Authors: Kaoutar Bouanani , Douae Mouha , Hanane Saadi
Published: February 2025

La meningite pendant la grossesse est une condition rare mais grave, presentant des risques significatifs pour la mere et le foetus. Ce travail met en lumiere le deroulement clinique, la gestion et les resultats dune serie de 03 patientes enceintes diagnostiquees avec une meningite. Nous avons examine la litterature sur la meningite bacterienne durant la grossesse et identifie 42 cas de meningite bacterienne. Vingt-cinq de ces patientes avaient une meningite pneumococcique et sept avaient une meningite causee par L. monocytogenes. Nous avons constate que la meningite pneumococcique pendant la grossesse peut etre rapidement fatale et est associee a la mort foetale, en particulier au cours du premier trimestre. La meningite a L. monocytogenes etait associee a un taux eleve de deces neonatals.
Integrated electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process for the treatment of chlorpyrifos wastewater with high energy efficiency
Authors: Tu Yong , Chen Yong , Zhang Xiaoyue , Xu Yunhao , Zhang Yixuan , Cui Tao , Fu Boming
Published: February 2025

A novel integration of the electrochemical process with electrodialysis and electro-oxidation (IEDEO) was designed for the effective pretreatment of chlorpyrifos manufacturing wastewater, with high concentrations of both salts and organic compounds. The effects of operating parameters including initial pH and constant voltage on the IEDEO process performance were investigated. The IEDEO process showed excellent performance for the simultaneous removal of bio-refractory organics and inorganics in the chlorpyrifos wastewater. In contrast with the single EO process, the results of energy consumption, UV–vis spectra, and GC–MS showed that the oxidation performance for chlorpyrifos wastewater by IEDEO was carried out more efficiently. The biodegradability of the chlorpyrifos wastewater pretreated by IEDEO was significantly improved. The total salt removal (90.3 ± 2.1%) from the chlorpyrifos wastewater obtained by IEDEO was significantly higher than the 5.8 ± 1.6% removal attained with the EO process. The COD removal of chlorpyrifos wastewater by the IEDEO process was 25.5 ± 1.2%, and the energy consumption of the IEDEO process was 15.1 ± 1.6 kWh kg−1 COD at 2 h, representing a 60–65% reduction compared to the EO process. This indicated that the IEDEO process was a valuable pretreatment technique for biological treatment. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the IEDEO concentrate was beneficial for subsequent evaporative desalination.
Analysis of אמצים [’mṣîm] in the Hexapla
Authors: Chia Philip
Published: February 2025

The term אמצים as encountered in Zech 6:3 and 6:7 has been interpreted in various ways by ancient translators, including the LXX, Peshitta, Targum, Vulgate, and the Masoretic Text. The ambiguity surrounding אמצים is further highlighted in Origen’s Hexapla. Importantly, there is no agreement on the translation of אמצים in Zech 6:7. Aquila’s translation is particularly significant, as it offers a unique interpretation of אמצים in Zech 6:3 that differs from his rendering in Zech 6:7. This article argues that Aquila’s version of Zech 6:7 does not correspond to the Hebrew text that underlies the Masoretic Text, whereas both Symmachus and Theodotion are consistent with the Hebrew reading of the Masoretic Text. Textual criticism is utilized to support this claim.
Małżeństwo i celibat w 1 Koryntian 7
Authors: Kowalski Marcin
Published: February 2025

Artykuł prezentuje popularne i najnowsze trendy badawcze w Pierwszym Liście do Koryntian 7, skupiając się na poruszanych przez apostoła tematach małżeństwa i celibatu. Autor rozpoczyna od przedstawienia najważniejszych hipotez związanych z rekonstrukcją podłoża problemów w Koryncie oraz strategii argumentacyjnej Pawła. Ich zasadniczy problem polega na tym, że zbyt mało uwagi poświęca się rozwojowi myśli apostoła w badanym rozdziale. Autor naświetla ją w kolejnym kroku, stosując analizę antycznej retoryki. W kolejnych paragrafach dyskutowane są: Pawłowa argumentacja na temat celibatu (1 Kor 7,25–40) ze szczególnym naciskiem na sekcję 1 Kor 7,29–31, postulat nierozerwalności chrześcijańskich małżeństw (1 Kor 7,10–11), kwestia małżeństw mieszanych (1 Kor 7,12–16) oraz hipoteza dotycząca tzw. „małżeństw duchowych” w Koryncie (1 Kor 7,36–38). W każdej z nich autor wskazuje zarówno tradycyjne, jak i nowe linie interpretacyjne i możliwe kierunki, w których mogą pójść badania nad 1 Koryntian 7. Wśród nich wymienia retorykę, analizy papirologiczne, studia interdyscyplinarne angażujące psychologię i neuronauki oraz apokaliptyczną eschatologię i porównanie Pawła z literaturą żydowską okresu Drugiej Świątyni.
The Salvific Function of Religion
Authors: Jasiński Karol
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the salvific function of religion and to the different ways of understanding salvation. It seems that in modern times, instead of a soteriology that emphasises the need to refer to a personal Divine Being in order to be liberated from various limitations and to achieve the fullness of humanity, a soteriology that foregrounds human powers and capacities of human self-realisation and fulfilment within the temporal world dominates. A transcendent soteriology is replaced by an immanent one. The article consists of three main parts. In the first one, the various functions performed by religion are indicated, among which the salvific function plays a fundamental role. The second part reflects on the concept of salvation present in the Christian tradition, in which salvation is understood as liberation from existential limitations and the attainment of the fullness of personal being in union with God. In the third part, attention is drawn to main alternative salvific ideas present in other religions.
Sekularyzacja we Włoszech w świetle wybranych wypowiedzi autorów włoskich
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Sylwester
Published: February 2025

Artykuł jest próbą ukazania fenomenu sekularyzacji w kontekście religijno-kulturowym Włoch. Za przestrzeń badawczą obrano sytuację Włoch (caso italiano) w ostatnim dwudziestoleciu. Z olbrzymiej literatury poświęconej tej problematyce wybrani zostali ci autorzy i te publikacje, które bezpośrednio lub pośrednio rozpatrują sekularyzację w kontekście wiary chrześcijańskiej i związanego z nią Kościoła. Najpierw przedstawione zostało samo pojęcie sekularyzacji, a także aktualna sytuacja procesów sekularyzacyjnych na Półwyspie Apenińskim. Zasadniczy trzon opracowania stanowi przedstawienie cennych uwag, wskazań i postulatów, które mogą posłużyć codziennemu życiu Kościoła i chrześcijan w odniesieniu do sekularyzacji i tworzących ją procesów. Pluralistyczna sytuacja współczesnego świata wraz z postępującą sekularyzacją jeszcze bardziej skłania Kościół do wnoszenia w ten świat ewangelicznego zaczynu oraz wypracowania nowych i bardziej adekwatnych form pracy duszpasterskiej.
LIBERDADE EM AMARTYA SEN
Authors: Lisboa Armando  de  Melo
Published: February 2025

Neste breve ensaio examinaremos a ideia de liberdade em Amartya Sen, o que será percorrido em três etapas. Primeiramente, realçaremos o brilho e a grandeza de sua original abordagem, indispensável para uma humanização das respostas econômicas aos graves desafios modernos. Em seguida, discutiremos os pontos cegos desta sua visão, para, por fim, aventarmos uma hipótese explicativa desta cegueira.
A Remotely Delivered, GLP-1RA-Supported Specialist Weight Management Program: 12 Month Outcomes From a Retrospective Service Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Richards Rebecca , Whitman Michael , Wren Gina , Campion Peta
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Limited access to specialist weight management services (SWMS) restricts the implementation of novel obesity pharmacotherapy in the United Kingdom’s (UK) National Health Service (NHS). Remote delivery of GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medication with digital behavioural support could provide a scalable solution, but evidence for long-term effectiveness is limited

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability and potential cost-effectiveness of Second Nature's remotely-delivered, semaglutide-supported weight management program over 12 months

METHODS

Retrospective data were extracted for participants who initiated the intervention between September and December 2023. Primary outcome was weight change at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included behavioral changes, side effects, program engagement, participant experience and comparative cost analysis against NHS SWMS. Descriptive statistics and paired two-tailed t-tests evaluated outcomes. Content analysis was used for qualitative data.

RESULTS

Of 341 participants (82.8% women; mean age 49.0 years, SD 11.1; mean baseline BMI 37.9 kg/m², SD 6.9). Participants with active subscriptions (39.6%, n=135) achieved 20.0 kg (19.1%, SD ,P<.001) loss versus 12.4 kg (11.9%) for inactive subscriptions. Overall, 77.7% achieved ≥10% weight loss and 61.5% achieved ≥15%. Program engagement declined from 113 (SD 78.4) home screen views in month 1 to 25 (SD 29.06) in month 12. Side effects decreased over time, with 69.6% reporting none by month 12. Most participants reported positive (34.2%) or neutral (56.7%) experiences at 12 months. The intervention costs were estimated at 30-40% of current NHS SWMS, projecting potential savings of £1.5m-£1.8m per 100,000 population

CONCLUSIONS

This evaluation suggests that remotely-delivered GLP-1RA-supported weight management can be effective, feasible, acceptable and cost-effective for people living with obesity. Further research within public healthcare settings is needed to evaluate clinical outcomes and assess sustained results with continuation and discontinuation of medication.
Research on the Determination of Joint Debt of Husband and Wife
Authors: Yuan Qin
Published: February 2025

The identification of joint debt is in a fundamental position in the settlement of marital debt disputes, but the existing research has exposed the defects of insufficient connection between procedures and entities. On the basis of systematically interpreting the rules for determining the joint debt of husband and wife, through the case situation, it can be found that there are problems such as value imbalance, vague standards and mechanical application of the rules of proof in Article 1064 of the Civil Code. Based on this, targeted suggestions for improvement can not only help the couple’s debt disputes to be properly handled, but also effectively respond to the legislative expectations of “summarizing practical experience”, promote the couple’s debt litigation rules to get rid of the “extreme” legislation, and gradually realize the balance of multiple values.
Roots and Resonance: The African Paradigm of Afrocentricism
Authors: Sharma Narinder K. , Niharika Niharika
Published: February 2025

Afrocentricity is an approach that aims to revitalise the conversation about African aesthetics, politics, and cultural connections. Through a process that involves revisiting and reinterpreting the works of well-known African authors, this technique challenges the long-held beliefs that Africans are backward and lack civilisation. The postmodern literary environment of the postcolonial period has enabled these authors to discover their voices and critically evaluate the limitations placed on their cultural manifestations. Africans and authors of African ancestry have been given the required motivation to break out from traditional patterns as a result of the resurrection of postcolonial literature, which was followed by the Afrocentric movement. This movement calls into question and critiques the unfavourable cultural attitudes and acts of Europeans against African people. Ultimately, Afrocentricity seeks to improve Africans' mental health on the continent and abroad. Promoting a cultural renaissance will accomplish this by recovering and redefining African identity and legacy. It is in this larger context that the present paper attempts to analyse the emergence of postcolonial dynamics shaped by social and cultural disruptions and dialectical disputes vis-à-vis the African paradigm of Afrocentrism, keeping in view the dialectical transition from colonial to postcolonial thought.
Exploring Postcolonial and Ecocritical Themes in V.S. Naipaul's A Bend in the River
Authors: Bhutkar Neha , Joshi Dr. Sandeep P.
Published: February 2025

Postcolonialism and ecocriticism are two significant frameworks that intersect profoundly, especially in literature and cultural studies. V.S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River exemplifies this intersection, exploring themes of identity, colonial legacy, and environmental concerns within a postcolonial context. Naipaul intricately weaves these themes to highlight the lasting effects of colonialism on both individuals and their surroundings. His novel challenges readers to reflect on the struggles of postcolonial societies as they reconcile their histories while facing pressing ecological issues. This study examines how A Bend in the River bridges postcolonial and ecocritical perspectives. A postcolonial reading reveals the deep impact of both colonial and postcolonial forces on the ecological landscapes of formerly colonized regions. Through an ecocritical lens, the novel draws parallels between environmental exploitation and the oppression of indigenous populations, demonstrating how Naipaul intertwines ecological destruction with cultural erosion as twin legacies of imperialism. The novel portrays the complex struggle to reclaim both environmental balance and cultural identity in the aftermath of colonial rule. By linking nature’s subjugation to the marginalization of the colonized, Naipaul’s work underscores the enduring ecological consequences of imperialism and the ongoing fight for restoration.
AI and Machine Learning in Precision Agriculture: The Future of Agricultural Precision Agriculture
Authors: Kalbhor Atharva
Published: February 2025

Agriculture is rapidly transforming with the integration of technologies such as machine learning (ML) and artificial
intelligence (AI) to solve critical issues such as food security, climate change, and sustainable agriculture. Precision agriculture
uses these technologies to increase yields, improve resource utilization, and reduce environmental impact. Machine learning
techniques, particularly deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been successful in studying
plant diseases, enabling early detection and reduction of crop losses. AI models improve decision-making by analyzing a wide
range of agricultural data to predict crop yields, optimize irrigation schedules, and manage fertilization. These intelligent
systems provide rapid insights, helping farmers make informed decisions and increase productivity and sustainability. While the
Internet of Things enables machine learning and artificial intelligence by collecting real-time data from operations, the real
breakthrough will come from machine learning algorithms that can predict outcomes, maintain standards, and work on the
farm. Challenges such as high technology costs, complex data management, and implementation processes are only limited by
time, but continuous advances in technology and research have the potential to transform agriculture by providing simple,
effective, and practical solutions to today’s agricultural sector.
The Impact of Predictive Analytics on Modern Marketing Strategies: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Modi Mr. Ashish
Published: February 2025

Predictive analytics has transformed marketing by enabling businesses to anticipate customer behavior, refine
strategies, and make more informed decisions. This paper explores the core methodologies, real-world applications, and
challenges of predictive analytics in marketing, emphasizing its impact on customer segmentation, churn prediction,
personalized marketing, and campaign optimization. By harnessing machine learning, statistical modeling, and big data
analytics, companies can gain deeper insights that drive engagement and profitability. However, obstacles such as data
accuracy, ethical considerations, and biases in algorithms present significant challenges to widespread adoption. Addressing
these issues is crucial to ensuring fair and effective use of predictive analytics in modern marketing. The study concludes with
actionable strategies to tackle key challenges while exploring future research opportunities, including the integration of AI and
real-time analytics. It underscores the vital role of predictive analytics in enabling businesses to maintain a competitive edge in
an increasingly data-driven world, shaping more effective marketing strategies and deeper customer connections.
Leveraging the potential of carbon: carbon quantum dots as a versatile probe for cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Bhaskar Rajveer , Ola Monika , Kamthe Tanushree Umashankar , Patle Pratik , Wagh Vaibhav
Published: February 2025

In the global plane, cancer calls for creative strategies for diagnosis and treatment. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as a novel material for the field of cancer theranostics, showing their distinguishing features: biocompatibility, easy surface functionalization, and controllable fluorescence. Compared with semiconductor quantum dots, carbon-based fluorescent nanocrystals, called CQDs typically under 10 nm in size, are easier to synthesize and much less toxic. This paper reviews the synthesis, characterization and applications of CQDs synthesized from biomolecules and medicinal plants, which may be used to treat cancer. Depending on the method, several techniques have been developed for the synthesis of CQDs. Laser ablation, electrochemical oxidation, hydrothermal treatment and microwave synthesis are among the techniques developed for this purpose. Characterization techniques assist in gathering detailed information related to the structural and optical characteristics of CQDs. The review also discusses the challenges of CQDs and their future prospects by underlining the need for further research work to cope with the issues of toxicity, biocompatibility, and delivery specifically to the brain. Overall, the review holds enormous potential to revolutionize cancer treatment through a theranostic approach that combines diagnosis, imaging, and therapy.
Keywords: Carbon quantum dots, cancer, photodynamic therapy
Nanocrystal System: A Comprehensive Review of Method of Preparation and their Characterization, Patents and Marketed Products
Authors: Bhaskar Rajveer , Ola Monika , Pingle Vaishnavi , Bari Vidya , Patil Rajdeep
Published: February 2025

Nanocrystal drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising method to improve the bioavailability, solubility and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs. Developed many methods for their creation with top down, bottom down and combination technique. These nanosized particles, usually ranging from 100 to 1000 nm, provide increased surface area, improving dissolution rates and enabling drugs to reach their target more efficiently. This abstract outline the methods for preparing nanocrystals and their characterization, recent marketed formulations and the current trends in patent related to nanocrystal drug delivery systems and their applications.
Keywords: Nanocrystal, Method Nanocrystal, Patent, Application
Prevalence and Usage of Dietary Supplements among Teenagers in Chennai: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Muppa Leena , Shathriya S Gokul , Alan A. Darius , Aadhithan D. S. , Kaushik K.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The use of dietary supplements is increasingly common among teenagers globally, driven by a variety of motivations such as perceived health benefits, peer influence, and body image concerns. Dietary supplements include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbal products intended to supplement one's diet and promote health. However, inappropriate or excessive use of these supplements can pose health risks, particularly in adolescents who may lack sufficient information about proper dosage and potential side effects. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and usage patterns of dietary supplements among teenage students in Chennai.  Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 6 months from May to October 2024.  A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data and a total of 175 responses analysed using descriptive statistics with statistical significance, p-value < 0.05. Results: Approximately 60% of the participants reported using dietary supplements. Among the users, 65% were male, and 35% were female, indicating a higher prevalence of dietary usage among male teenagers. A significant difference in supplement use was observed between medical and non-medical students. The most commonly used supplements were multivitamins, protein powders, and omega-3 fatty acids. Medical students showed a higher usage of specific supplements, possibly due to greater awareness of health benefits. Most students reported using supplements for general health improvement, increased energy, and enhanced physical appearance. Medical students more frequently cited specific health benefits and disease prevention as reasons for use. Conclusion: This study indicates a high prevalence of dietary supplement use among teenagers in Chennai, with a notable gender difference and higher usage rates among medical students. The findings suggest that medical students, possibly due to their academic training, may have a heightened awareness of dietary supplements' potential benefits. However, the widespread use of supplements among teenagers, especially for aesthetic reasons, underscores the need for health education that informs adolescents about safe and effective use. Schools, parents, and healthcare providers should collaborate to ensure that teenagers have access to reliable information, minimizing the risks associated with unsupervised supplement intake.
Keywords: Dietary supplements, Protein, Vitamin, Teenagers
Monoclonal Antibodies: A Brief Review on Delivery Trends
Authors: Adhikari Diwas , Pokhrel Sharada
Published: February 2025

Immunoglobulin derivatives which are derived from the monoclonal cell line and which offers a wide range of specificity are the monoclonal antibodies. They are specially produced by the hybridoma technology by the fusion of B-cells with the immortal myeloma cells in presence of PEG. Humanized mAbs are considered to be the fastest growing group in clinical trials. After development, these mAbs undergoes analytical evaluation for their efficient characterization. Developed hybridomas can be preserved for long term use through the cryopreservation techniques. Monoclonal antibodies can be delivered for the therapeutic purpose through the various systemic and non-systemic routes. Large groups of the antibodies are found to be very effective through the oral routes and the ophthalmic routes. Besides the therapeutic application for the treatment of various infectious and autoimmune diseases, these groups of therapeutics show different limitations. Monoclonal antibodies after development suffers from the stability issues and using the various techniques, the stability can be increased. With the advancement of science and technology, we can observe various advances in the monoclonal antibody development like brain targeting is possible through the antibody engineering techniques. Variability and control challenges in the serum based acquisitions, consumption of time, difficulty in the development, potential limitation in the sequence and epitope diversity etc. are some of the challenges associated with the monoclonal antibodies.
Keywords: Immunoglobulin, Hybridoma Technology, Cryopreservation, Antibody Engineering
Ethosomes: A Revolutionary Approach in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Manpreet Dr , Sachdeva Shubham , Kaur Harwinder , Singh Jitender
Published: February 2025

Ethosomes, a novel vesicular carrier system, have emerged as a promising approach in the field of drug delivery. These lipid-based carriers, characterized by their high ethanol content, exhibit unique properties that enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents across biological barriers, particularly the skin. Ethosomes overcome the limitations of conventional delivery systems by improving drug solubility, stability, and permeation. Their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs makes them versatile carriers for a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, including transdermal, dermal, and systemic delivery. This review explores the composition, preparation methods, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications of ethosomes, highlighting their potential to revolutionize drug delivery practices. Furthermore, challenges in their large-scale production and future prospects are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of this innovative technology.
Keywords: Ethosomes, transdermal drug delivery, lipid-based vesicles, enhanced skin permeation, nanocarriers
In vitro investigation of antifungal efficacy of diclofenac sodium salt against Aspergillus spp. strains causing food spoilage: a drug repurposing approach
Authors: Kulkarni Ruturaj , Sawant Anurag R. , Jadhav Atharva B. , Chavan Nikhil , Jadhav Mahadev A. , Halbandge Shivkrupa Devrao
Published: February 2025

Fungal species especially Aspergillus spp. causes contamination in food causing food spoilage. Aspergillus flavus is the most common fungal pathogen which secrets highly poisionous secondary metabolite aflatoxin which is toxic to mammals. So, to identify a compound which can control contamination of A. flavus of food is necessary and challenging. Drug repurposing is an alternative which is less time consuming and economical. Current study aimed to investigate potential of NSAID drug-diclofenac sodium for its antifungal potency. Isolation of Aspergillus species causing food contamination were carried out by the suspension-dilution technique and inoculation on agar medium from peanuts. Antifungal efficacy of diclofenac was conducted using the agar plate and liquid dilution methods. The inhibitory effect of diclofenac sodium was found significantly on A. flavus and A. niger in concentration dependent manner. The mycelial was significantly reduced at concentration of 300 µg/ml diclofenac for both A. flavus and A. niger strains. The MIC50 was achieved at 300 and 1200 µg/ml for A. flavus and A. niger respectively in liquid medium. Our findings suggest diclofenac can be used effectively to control food spoilage caused by Aspergillus species.
Keywords: Diclofenac sodium, Aspergillus spp, Drug repurposing, Mycelium inhibition
Advancing Insights into Progression of Acute Kidney Injury with Sepsis: Early Detection and Management
Authors: Tadikonda Rama Rao , Rayapudi Vasavi Sai Saraswati , Arthika Chauhan Laudia , Saniya Mehrin
Published: February 2025

Acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with sepsis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The progression of sepsis-induced AKI (S-AKI) is complex and involves a dysregulated immune response, including systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and microvascular injury. These mechanisms compromise renal function, leading to significant challenges in management. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial to improving outcomes, yet effective treatment strategies remain elusive.
Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of S-AKI have provided critical insights into the underlying mechanisms of kidney damage during sepsis. These insights have led to the identification of potential biomarkers that can aid in early diagnosis, predict disease progression, and guide therapeutic decisions. Current management of S-AKI includes fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and renal replacement therapy (RRT), aimed at stabilizing the patient and supporting renal function. Emerging therapies, such as novel pharmacological agents and approaches to modulate the immune response, are under investigation, offering promise for improving clinical outcomes. However, more research is needed to validate these treatments and ensure their safety and efficacy.
The advancing insights into the pathophysiology of S-AKI, coupled with the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies is critical for improving the management of sepsis-induced kidney injury. Future research should focus on bridging the gap between basic science, clinical practice, and large-scale clinical trials to optimize care and outcomes for patients suffering from S-AKI.
Keywords: Sepsis, Acute kidney injury, Immune response, Systemic inflammation, Endothelial dysfunction, Microvascular injury.
Recent outbreaks of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapeutic insights
Authors: Satapathy Trilochan , Satapathy Abhisek , Satapathy Abinash , Yadav Neha , Manisha Chandrakar Manisha Chandrakar , Chandrakar Kunal
Published: February 2025

The present review aims to discuss comprehensively about the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) which is a respiratory pathogen belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. Since December 2024, northern China has seen a significant rise of respiratory diseases, including HMPV, particularly among youngsters. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated that HMPV was responsible for 6.2% of positive respiratory disease tests and 5.4% of hospitalizations during this time. Similar increases in HMPV cases have been seen in Malaysia, Kazakhstan, India, and Italy. India verified the first instances in early January 2025, including infections in newborns. Human Metapneumovirus initially identified in 2001 in the Netherlands, HMPV is now recognized as a global cause of respiratory infections, particularly among vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Its potential to cause widespread outbreaks has raised concerns about its pandemic potential. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing is considered as the most sensitive and specific approach for identifying HMPV. It entails amplifying viral RNA from respiratory specimens (such as throat swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum samples). There are currently no licensed antiviral medications for HMPV. However, some supportive therapy may be proved as beneficial in the HMPV infections. Among these, supplemental oxygen therapy, anti-pyretics (Acetaminophen or Paracetamol), Beta-2 agonists (Albuterol etc.), corticosteroids (Prednisolone etc.), Ribavirin (its efficacy against HMPV is not well documented), hydration therapy and antibiotics are included.
Keywords: Human Metapneumovirus, Paramyxoviridae, respiratory pathogen, Polymerase Chain Reaction, oxygen therapy, corticosteroids,
Unani and Modern Perspective to Understanding and Managing Bahaq (Pityriasis Versicolor): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Qureshi Zaeema , Husain Mohammad Anzar , Shah Altaf Husain , Khalid Atoofa
Published: February 2025

Pityriasis versicolor (Bahaq) is a chronic, superficial fungal skin infection caused by Malassezia furfur, characterized by hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules or patches on the upper trunk, neck and shoulders. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, particularly in warm and humid climates. Unani medicine identifies Bahaq as a humoral disorder caused by imbalances in phlegm or black bile, which disrupt pigmentation and skin integrity. Esteemed Unani scholars, including Rabban Tabarī, Zakariya Razi, Ibn Sina and Ajmal Khan, have detailed its etiology, pathogenesis and treatments, emphasizing holistic approaches through herbal remedies, dietary modifications and therapeutic regimens. This review integrates Unani and modern perspectives, highlighting the therapeutic efficacy of antifungal treatments in modern medicine, complemented by Unani principles, such as Munzij (concoctive) and Mushil (purgative) therapies, alongside topical applications and dietotherapy. Unani formulations, including plant-based compounds and traditional regimens, show promise in managing resistant cases, offering a safer alternative to conventional antifungals, which may cause adverse effects. The paper underscores the need for rigorous scientific validation of Unani treatments through clinical trials to bridge traditional and modern dermatological practices. By aligning ancient wisdom with contemporary research, a more comprehensive and patient-centered approach to managing pityriasis versicolor can be achieved. This integration could improve therapeutic outcomes, minimize recurrences, and enhance patient quality of life while preserving the cultural heritage of Unani medicine.
Keywords: Bahaq, Fungal Infection, Malassezia furfur, Pityriasis versicolor, Tinea Versicolor, Unani medicine
Protein Engineering: A Novel Approach in Vaccine Development
Authors: Adhikari Diwas , Pokhrel Sharada
Published: February 2025

Due to advances in biotechnology, immunology and molecular biology, protein engineering has been an innovative technique for the development, optimization and production of vaccine. Deliberate alternation in the protein structure causes the improvement or change in the properties of the protein and due to this approach modification of the antigens for inducing the strong immune response is possible thus creating a benchmark in vaccine development. Recombinant DNA Technology, Epitope Mapping, Molecular Display Systems, Fusion Proteins and Designing of virus like particles are some of the key techniques in the protein engineering. Development of the various vaccines such as Hepatitis B vaccine, HPV Vaccine and Covid-19 Vaccine are some of the successes of protein engineering approach.  However, there are some challenges associated with the techniques such as Antigen Stability, Immune Evasion and High production cost. Study of structure function relationship is a crucial part of the vaccine development.
Keywords: Protein Engineering, Antigens, Recombinant DNA Technology, Epitope Mapping, Immune Evasion.
Effectiveness of Alosteen Toothpaste: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Dutta Rajdeep Dutta Gopal , Kar Gautam , Bhattacharya Juhita , Das Sarmistha
Published: February 2025

Dental health is a critical component of overall well-being, with poor oral hygiene linked to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. Alosteen Toothpaste, developed by Renatus Nova, is a novel oral care product enriched with bioactive and natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and physical properties of Alosteen, comparing its efficacy to that of marketed products. Results from pH, viscosity, foamability, abrasiveness, antioxidant activity, and stability tests indicate that Alosteen outperforms conventional toothpaste in key parameters, offering superior dental protection and therapeutic benefits. This paper aims to discuss the detailed methodology, results, and implications of these findings.
Keywords: Alosteen toothgel, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant
A Comprehensive Review of Evidence and Challenges in Switching from Originator Drugs to Biosimilars of Monoclonal Antibodies: Focus on Rituximab and Trastuzumab
Authors: Sathyan Arya , Mohanapriya M , Madhanraja R , Indu Vadana K S , Indhuja K , Sumathi P , Varshini G.
Published: February 2025

Objective: The primary objective of the document is to conduct a comprehensive review of the clinical, economic, and regulatory evidence regarding the transition from originator drugs to biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies, focusing specifically on rituximab and trastuzumab. The review aims to analyze data on biosimilar usage, assess barriers to adoption, explore potential strategies to overcome challenges, with the ultimate goal of improving healthcare sustainability and accessibility.
Data source Study selection: The study selection includes clinical trials, economic analyses, and regulatory reviews focusing on biosimilars of rituximab and trastuzumab. It focuses on phase 3 trials, cost-effectiveness studies, and post-marketing surveillance data for assessing safety, efficacy, and adoption barriers. Real-world evidence and regulatory guidelines from agencies such as EMA and FDA are also considered.
Summary: The article reviews the transition from originator monoclonal antibody drugs to biosimilars, focusing on rituximab and trastuzumab. Topics of clinical evidence, economic benefits, regulatory challenges, and adoption barriers include issues related to immunogenicity concerns and perceived physician-patient acceptance. While offering potentially cost-effective treatments for cancer, further research, harmonization of regulations, and education will allow this value to be realized across more patients, improved outcomes.
Conclusion: The transition from originator drugs to biosimilars, like rituximab and trastuzumab, enhances treatment accessibility and affordability. Clinical evidence supports their safety and efficacy, but challenges remain, including immunogenicity concerns, regulatory differences, and stakeholder perceptions. Addressing these barriers through global harmonization and education can optimize biosimilar adoption and healthcare sustainability.
Keywords: Rituximab, Trastuzumab, Biosimilars, Switching, Monoclonal Antibodies.
A Review on Floating Tablet
Authors: Agale Karan A. , Shinde Sanket Pandurang
Published: February 2025

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are designed with a lower bulk density than gastric fluids, enabling them to remain buoyant in the stomach for extended periods without affecting the gastric emptying rate. While floating on the stomach's contents, these systems release medication in a controlled and sustained manner. Once the drug is fully released, the system disintegrates or is emptied from the stomach. This mechanism increases the Gastric Residence Time (GRT), leading to improved control over fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. To achieve this, FDDS must possess sufficient structural integrity to form a cohesive gel barrier and release the drug gradually while maintaining a density lower than that of gastric fluids. These systems are typically developed using effervescent and non-effervescent approaches that rely on buoyancy mechanisms. Such methodologies are particularly beneficial for delivering drugs with a narrow therapeutic window. Our review aims to provide detailed insights into the pharmaceutical principles guiding the design, classification, and preparation of FDDS. It also explores factors influencing their performance, their advantages, applications, limitations, and potential future advancements in this innovative drug delivery system.
Keywords: Floating drug delivery system, Polymer, Gastroretentive system, Prolonged Gastric Retention, Controlled Drug Release.
Synergistic Anti-Migration Effects of Garcinia cowa and Doxorubicin in T47D Breast Cancer Cells: A Scratch Assay Analysis
Authors: Ifora Ifora , Hamidi Dachriyanus , Susanti Meri , Wahyuni Fatma Sri
Published: February 2025

Objective: Breast cancer metastasis is a major cause of mortality, highlighting the need for effective anti-migratory therapies. This study investigated the synergistic anti-migratory effects of Garcinia cowa bark ethanol extract and doxorubicin on T47D breast cancer cells, aiming to explore its potential as a combination therapy to inhibit cancer cell migration
Methods: T47D cells were treated with Garcinia cowa bark ethanol extract (GCBEE) (130 µg/mL), doxorubicin (Dox) (0.026 µg/mL), and their combination. Cell migration was evaluated using the scratch assay, with scratch closure monitored at 0, 24, and 48 hours.
Results: The combination of GCBEE (130 µg/mL) and Dox (0.026 µg/mL) significantly inhibited T47D cell migration at both 24 and 48 hours, compared to the individual treatments of DOx (0.026 µg/mL) alone and GCBEE (130 µg/mL) alone.
Conclusions: The combination of Garcinia cowa ehtanol extract and doxorubicin demonstrates synergistic anti-migratory effects on T47D breast cancer cells, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin in preventing metastasis.
Keywords: Garcinia cowa, doxorubicin, T47D cells, anti-migration, scratch assay, combination therapy.
Single Molecule 3D Structures Determined by Individual-Paricle Electron Tomography
Authors: Ren Gang
Published: February 2025

Macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, play essential roles in cellular functions through dynamic structural changes. Understanding these functions requires detailed characterization of structural dynamics. While techniques like X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM resolve high-resolution static structures, they struggle to capture low-resolution, flexible structures and the full distribution of conformations during chemical reactions. These limitations arise from averaging processes that enhance signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) but exclude flexible regions, distort resolution, and miss rare high-energy states. To address this, we developed individual-particle electron tomography (IPET), a method for determining 3D structures of single particles at low to intermediate resolution (up to 2 nm) without averaging. By imaging a particle at multiple tilt angles, IPET reconstructs a detailed 3D density map, enabling flexible model fitting and revealing unique structures for individual particles. This approach uncovers unbiased structural distributions, advancing studies of molecular dynamics, phase transitions, and structural changes during chemical reactions and self-folding.
Fluidic interactions for nanostructure fabrication enablinggap-plasmon based mechanoresponsive devices
Authors: Sahu Renu R , Samy Alwarsamy R , Das Gupta Tapajyoti
Published: February 2025

Utilising capillary interactions between oligomers in polydimethylsiloxane, an elastomeric biocompatible substrate, and Ga allows for the formation of Ga nanodroplets with sub-10nm gaps between them in a single physical vapour deposition step. These gaps enable the excitation of gap plasmon resonances, which can be tuned by changing either the oligomer content in the substrate or by mechanical stretching. By a simple and effective method of fabrication, structural colors on large areas can be fabricated endowed with the property of mechanoresponsiveness, which can be used in applications such as strain sensors, bio-mechanics, soft-robotics, and prosthetics.
EMANCIPAÇÃO DOS VULNERÁVEIS DA COLETA DE RESÍDUOS: CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA ARTE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Olive Edna de Souza , Lima Kátia Andressa Araújo Ferreira de , Batista Erlinda Martins
Published: February 2025

O estudo em questão originou-se no âmbito do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa e Estudos em Educação a Distância, cadastrado no Diretório Geral de Pesquisa – DGP/ CNPq, cujas autoras são membros do Grupo e realizam estudos sobre a Coleta de Resíduos Sólidos, tanto para o trabalho pedagógico no contexto da Educação Infantil e Fundamental, quanto no Ensino Médio, e no Mestrado em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Universidade Anhanguera - UNIDERP. Nesse sentido, propõe-se uma revisão de literatura e de material audiovisual, visando valorizar o labor dos agentes vulneráveis envolvidos na coleta de resíduos sólidos, por meio da aplicação da arte educação na conscientização sobre a gestão de resíduos, incluindo a reciclagem. São analisadas as obras de oito artistas plásticos de renome internacional, nacional e regional, que utilizam materiais recicláveis em suas produções, buscando sensibilizar, provocar emoções, comunicar e instigar a reflexão sobre os problemas associados à produção de resíduos. Os artistas investigados utilizam o lixo como recurso artístico e pedagógico para alertar sobre a importância da preservação ambiental. Fundamentadas na teoria sociointeracionista e na estética, tais obras buscam motivar a criatividade e promover o descarte consciente. Espera-se que este estudo influencie a sociedade sobre sua participação social e cultural enquanto indivíduos envolvidos na gestão de resíduos sólidos.
Response to the Letter: “Coronary Artery Ectasia and Aneurysm”
Authors: Madiyeva Maira Izmatovna , Aripov Marat Asanovich , Goncharov Alexey
Published: February 2025

Coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) and ectasia (CAE) are significant yet underdiagnosed conditions that influence coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes. Although CAA and CAE were not included or considered in our study, they undoubtedly have the potential to impact revascularization outcomes.

 