bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greener, cleaner polymerization of isobutene
Authors: Qian Liu , Mathers Robert T. , Damodaran Krishnan , Godugu Bhaskar , Lewis Stewart P.
Published: December 2012

Methylaluminoxane (MAO)/silyl halide-based initiator systems greatly improve the sustainability of isobutene (IB) polymerizations by eliminating halogenated solvents, reducing energy consumption and removing the need for postpolymerization purification. These solvent-free systems give rise to moderate yields of high-molecular-weight (MW) polymers at convenient temperatures without conventional toxic solvents. In addition, facile separation of MAO and polyisobutene (PIB) was accomplished with supported MAOs. The resulting system gave enhanced activity and high yields of medium-to-high-MW polymer at temperatures up to ambient. The MW-temperature profile for MAO-based systems approximates that for γ-radiation and perfluoroarylated Lewis acid–based systems; however, the former does not require high-purity monomer and is more economical and easily scalable. Modeling experiments involving 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene indicate that silyl halides undergo ligand-exchange type reactions with MAO where halogen attached to silicon is replaced with a methyl substituent from MAO with concomitant production of chloraluminoxane and initiation of cationic polymerization in an ill-defined manner.
Determining Average Reservoir Pressures in Multilayered Completed Wells Using Selective Inflow Performance (SIP) Technique
Authors: Ilyas Asad , Arshad Safwan , Ahmed Jawad , Khalid Arsalan , Mughal Muhammad Haroon
Published: December 2012

This paper describes the challenges in determining average reservoir pressures in multi-layer completed wells during the span of their production period. The wells with single production tubing and get comingled flow from different reservoir layers exhibit complex down holeflow profiles. Therefore, it becomes difficult to acquire average pressures of each producing layer separately. Production log data can be utilized in these kinds of wells to calculate average individual layer pressures with the help of Selective Inflow Performance (SIP) technique for better production allocation and also to monitor pressure depletion effects with time.

The SIP provides a mean of establishing the IPR for each rate-producing layer. The well is flowed at several different stabilized surface rates and for each rate, a production log is run across the entire producing interval(s) to record simultaneous profiles of downhole flow rates and flowing pressure. Measured in-situ rates can be converted to surface conditions using PVT data. Although SIP theory only applies to single phase flow, the interpreter can restrict the IPR's computations to a particular phase; only contribution of the selected phase will be taken into account. To each reservoir zone corresponds for each survey/interpretation a couple [rate, pressure], used in the SIP calculation. The different types of IPR equations can be used for SIP interpretation: Straight line, Fetkovitch or C&n, and LIT relations. In the case of a gas wells, the pseudo pressure m(p) can be used instead of the pressure "p" to estimate the gas potential. Although SIP is a useful technique to estimate average reservoir pressure in multi-layered system, but it has some limitations under certain circumstances.

The Selective Inflow Performance (SIP) technique has been implemented on some of the producing wells in north of Pakistan. These wells have been completed in multiple producing reservoirs. Initially all these reservoirs were tested separately (with DST) to estimatetheir reservoir pressures and other parameters. However, due to adapted completion strategy, the producing layers were comingled with the option to monitor each layer's pressure depletion with the help of SIP technique in future. As per reservoir surveillance activity, Production logs are run on routine basis by utilizing SIP method and the same has been utilized for reservoir management and for simulation model updates.
Effect of Substrate Age and Adhesive Composition on Dentin Bonding
Authors: Perdigão J , Sezinando Ana , Monteiro Paulo C
Published: December 2012

Purpose

To study the effect of dentin age and adhesive composition on the microtensile dentin bond strengths (μTBS) of five dentin adhesives.

Materials and Methods

Sixty extracted caries-free human teeth were assigned to the appropriate age group: less than 21 years of age (<21), 21–40 years of age (21–40), and greater than 40 years of age (>40). For each age group, specimens were randomly divided into five dentin adhesives: (1) Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), a one-step self-etch adhesive; (2) Experimental Adper Easy Bond without the Vitrebond Co-polymer (CP) (EBnoCP, 3M ESPE); (3) Adper Single Bond Plus (SB, 3M ESPE), a two-step etch&rinse adhesive; (4) Experimental Adper Single Bond Plus without CP (SBnoCP, 3M ESPE); and (5) Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (MP, 3M ESPE), a three-step etch&rinse adhesive, as the control group. Specimens were sectioned in X and Y directions and the resulting beams were tested to failure in tension mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was computed using t-test and two-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher least significant difference multiple comparison post hoc test at p < 0.05.

Results

The highest mean μTBS values were obtained in the control group (MP) for all age groups. EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP for all age groups: p = 0.538 for (<21); p = 0.974 for (21–40); and p = 0.909 for (>40). SB resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP for all age groups [p<0.009 for (<21); p<0.028 for (21–40); and p<0.041 for (>40)]. MP, the control group, resulted in statistically lower mean μTBS when applied to the oldest age group (>40) compared to the youngest age group (<21), at p < 0.04. When means were pooled for the variable ‘age group,' SB resulted in significantly higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP at p < 0.009, while EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP (p=0.9). MP resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than all other adhesives—SB (p<0.0001), SBnoCP (p<0.0001), EBnoCP (p<0.022), and EB (p<0.046).

Conclusions

The substrate age influenced the bonding ability of the three-step etch&rinse adhesive. The presence of a carboxylic-based polymer (CP) enhanced the bonding ability of the two-step etch&rinse adhesive.
Promotion of Science among Youngsters: Chemistry Outreach Initiatives at EPFL
Authors: Moser Farnaz
Published: December 2012

At EPFL, a strategy for organising scientific outreach activities has been developed and a programme comprising various measures and actions elaborated to promote science and technology among youngsters, especially young girls. As part of this programme, workshops and chemistry camps
are developed and carried out for children and youngsters aged from 7 to 16 years old. These workshops are adapted to the age of the participants and allow them to discover chemistry in a fascinating way and become familiar with this field, understand how useful it is to society and learn
about the professions it opens up. Some of the workshops take place at EPFL and others are organised in schools in the French-speaking cantons of Switzerland during the touring campaign of a bus named 'Les sciences, ça m'intéresse !' ('Sciences Interest Me!').
Novartis School Lab: Bringing Young People Closer to the World of Research and Discovering the Excitement of Science
Authors: Michel Christiane Röckl , Standke Gesche , Naef Reto
Published: December 2012

The Novartis School Lab (http://www.novartis.ch/schullabor) is an institution with an old tradition. The School Lab reaches about 5000 students through internal courses and an additional 5000 children at public science events where they can enjoy hands-on science in disciplines of biomedical
research. The subjects range from chemistry, physics, molecular biology and genetics to toxicology and medical topics. The Novartis School Lab offers a variety of activities for youngsters aged 10-20 ranging from lab courses for school classes, continuing education for teachers and development
of teaching kits, support for individual research projects to outreach for public science events. Innovation and adaptation to changes of current needs are essential aspects for the Novartis School Lab. Ongoing activities to shape the Novartis Biomedical Learning Lab include design of new
teaching experiments, exploration into additional disciplines of biomedical science and the creation of a fascinating School Lab of the future.
Awakening Interest in the Natural Sciences – BASF's Kids' Labs
Authors: Lang Cinthia
Published: December 2012

At BASF's Ludwigshafen headquarters, kids and young adults in grades 1–13 can learn about chemistry in the Kids' Labs. Different programs exist for different levels of knowledge. In the two 'Hands-on Lab H2O & Co.' Kids' Labs, students from grades 1–6 explore
the secrets of chemistry. BASF Kids' Labs have now been set up in over 30 countries. In Switzerland alone, almost 2,000 students have taken part in the 'Water Loves Chemistry' Kids' Lab since it was started in 2011. In Alsace, 600 students have participated to date. In the Teens' Lab 'Xplore
Middle School', middle school students explore five different programs with the themes 'substance labyrinth', 'nutrition', 'coffee, caffeine & co.', 'cosmetics' and 'energy'. Biotechnological methods are the focus of the Teens' Lab 'Xplore Biotech' for students taking basic and advanced
biology courses. In the 'Xplore High School' Teens' Lab, chemistry teachers present their own experimental lab instruction for students in basic and advanced chemistry courses. The Virtual Lab has been expanding the offerings of the BASF Kids' Labs since 2011. The online lab was developed
by the company for the International Year Of Chemistry and gives kids and young adults the opportunity to do interactive experiments outside of the lab.
Life Science Zurich Learning Center – A New Symbiosis of Research Institutions and Schools
Authors: Kiper Daniel C. , Klusman Isabel , Kunfermann Claudia , Sarraf-Zadeh Ladan , Butschi Alex , Leumann Lorenz
Published: December 2012

The Life Science Learning Center (LSLC) was officially founded in 2005. It is a branch of the pre-existing Life Science Zurich, an organization created by and belonging to the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich to promote and support life sciences
in several central parts of society. The LSLC's primary goals are to offer educational opportunities for school children as well as continuing education for teachers of the primary and secondary school levels. In particular, the LSLC facilitates various types of interactions between schools
and the higher educational and research institutions (University of Zurich and Federal Institutes of Technology): it offers practicals for pupils in a special laboratory, tours of professional research laboratories, pedagogical training for future biology teachers, and specialized modules
of continuing education for teachers. It also contributes to diverse initiatives promoting life sciences in the general public. It is led by a small team of dedicated people based on the Irchel Campus of the University of Zurich.
Chemistry for DUMMIES: How to Popularize and Introduce Chemistry to the General Public
Authors: Montangero Marc
Published: December 2012

To mark the occasion of the International Year of Chemistry, each week in 2011 I posted a two-minute film demonstrating and explaining a simple and safe experiment to be carried out at home using everyday household products on the site www.chimie.ch/nuls.
Science on the Move – A National School Classes Competition
Authors: Flüeler Thomas , Schwarzenbach Sarah K.
Published: December 2012

SimplyScience.ch, the foundation and platform for the promotion of young talent in Natural Sciences and Technology with the generous support of Roche, is moving into the second round of the National School Classes Competition 'Science on the Move'. High school classes from all over
Switzerland will battle it out in the lab and on stage for a top prize of a Science Week in San Francisco, California. The program promotes and requires the skills of a full class of high school students. May the best school class with the most scientific curiosity and enthusiasm and the most
creative ideas win.
Risk and Resilience in the Educational Success of Homeless and Highly Mobile Children
Authors: Masten Ann S.
Published: December 2012

Homelessness and mobility in the context of poverty and economic crisis is an issue of rising local, national, and global concern for many stakeholders, including educators and education leaders. The articles featured in this special issue offer important data and commentary on the significance of homelessness and mobility for school success. This introduction provides a brief overview of the special section, which includes four empirical articles and an integrative commentary. These articles underscore the importance of mobility as well as poverty for achievement disparities and the practical value of integrated data and collaborative research for informing educational practice and policy.
INSIDE PROPERTY
Authors: Dagan Hanoch
Published: December 2012

Taking seriously the complexity and heterogeneity of property law, this article claims that a proper conception of property must account for both governance and inclusion. Neglecting governance obscures the significance of the internal life of property, which is often structured by sophisticated mechanisms aiming to facilitate various forms of interpersonal relationships in ways that no contractual arrangement can. Ignoring inclusion improperly marginalizes non-owners’ rights to entry in categories of cases where inclusion is an indispensable feature of the property institution under examination.

Looking inside property in these two senses requires abandoning the conception of property as an exclusive right and substituting for it a pluralist conception. Property should be understood as an umbrella for a limited and standardized set of institutions, which serve as important default frameworks of interpersonal interaction regarding various types of resources. At its best, the plurality of property configurations – the different contents of owners’ rights in these different property institutions – enables property law to vindicate differing balances among the different values that property can serve, according to the type of social relationship and the nature of the resource at stake. The pluralist conception of property, therefore, not only fits property law better; it is also the only understanding of property suitably attending to and facilitating the individuality enhancing role of multiplicity, which is indispensable for meaningful autonomy.
Modelling the coupling of flood discharge with glacier flow during jökulhlaups
Authors: Kingslake Jonathan , Ng Felix
Published: December 2012

We explore a mathematical model that couples together a thermomechanically evolving subglacial channel, distributed cavity drainage, and basal sliding along a subglacial flood path fed by a jökulhlaup lake. It allows water transfer between channel and cavities and a migrating subglacial water divide or ‘seal’ to form between floods. Notably, it accounts for full coupling between the lake and subglacial drainage in terms of both discharge and pressure, unlike models that neglect the pressure coupling by imposing a known history of lake discharge at the channel inlet. This means that flood hydrographic evolution and its impact on glacier motion are consistently determined by our model. Numerical simulations for a model alpine lake yield stable limit cycles simulating repeating jökulhlaups, with the channel drawing water from the cavities at a varying rate that modulates basal sliding during each flood. A wave of fast sliding propagates down-glacier at flood initiation, followed by deceleration as the growing channel sucks water from the cavities. These behaviours cannot be correctly simulated without the full coupling. We show that the flood’s peak discharge, its initiation threshold and the magnitude of the ‘fast sliding’ wave decrease with the background water supply to the cavities.
Risk factors for Developing Diabetes Mellitus amongst Diabetic Patients Attending at the Chittagong Diabetes Hospital Complex
Authors: Chakma Kanchan , Banik Gouri Rani , Sikdar Dwaipayan
Published: December 2012

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12829 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.31-40
Infant Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status among Selected Garo and Non Garo Plain land Population
Authors: Rahman SM Belalur , Uddin M Burhan , Kurshed AAM , Khan Sabina , Hossain Amm Mokarram , Bhuyan Md Aminul Haque
Published: December 2012

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12830 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.31-51
Glycemic and Lipedimic Status in Different Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Karim Kazi Muhammad Rezaul , Parvin Farzana , Ali Liaquat
Published: December 2012

The study has been undertaken to assess the lipid profile in different trimester of pregnancy. Under a cross-sectional design, 30 healthy nonpregnant as well as 130 pregnant women, at 3 different trimesters of pregnancy (43 in 1st trimester, 44 in 2nd trimester and 43 in 3rd trimester) were sampled for plasma levels of glucose and lipids profile. All the study groups were age matched [mean ± SD; years: 26.02 ± 2.90 in nonpregnant group; 24.95 ± 4.77 in 1st trimester group; 24.36 ± 4.95 in 2nd trimester and 25.49 ± 5.24 in 3rd trimester group respectively]. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol level increased throughout the pregnancy. In present study dyslipidemia was found to develop in group with advancing trimester of pregnancy that is the risk of cardio vascular disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12831 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.53-60
Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Selected Edible Mushroom Varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Zahid Md Khurshidul , Barua Sagarmay , Haque SM Imamul
Published: December 2012

Proximate  composition  and  mineral content of  five species of edible mushrooms namely Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus HK- 51 belonging to the family: Pleurotaceae and genus: Pleurotus and  Calocybe indica belonging to the family: Tricholomataceae and Genus: Calocybe have been analyzed.Crude protein, total lipids, available carbohydrates, dietary fiber and total carbohydrates  content  in mushrooms  were found to be in the ranges of 3.22-4.83, 0.41-1.05, 4.2-6.37, 0.58-1.11 and 4.82-7.48 g per 100g of fresh edible portion(EP) respectively.  Moisture, total solids and ash content  were found to be in the ranges of 85.95-90.07, 9.93-14.05 and 0.98-2.3 g/100g of fresh EP respectively. Where as total  calorie values in mushrooms  were found to be in the ranges of  35.51 - 50.03 Kcal / 100g  fresh  EP. The values of  Zinc, copper,  iron,  sodium  and  potassium content in mushrooms were found to be in the ranges of 0.65-1.24, 0.14-0.91, 0.94- 1.81, 3.18-37.23 and 19.83-197.24 mg/100g of fresh EP respectively while calcium, magnesium,  phosphorus  and  manganese content were  in the ranges of  0.12-0.58, 27.26-51.21, 22.2-62.1 and  0.17-0.53 mg/100g of fresh EP respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12832 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.61-68
Changing Clinical Presentation of Severe Protein Malnutrition (PEM) in Infants
Authors: Arefin Md Saidul , Hussain Deena AS , Islam Nazrul , Matin Abdul , Ali Md Liakat
Published: December 2012

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12834 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.81-88
Georges Perec's La Vie mode d'emploi; or, How to Take on Painting and Win
Authors: Gascoigne David
Published: December 2012

Notes by Perec on his reaction to paintings and on his collaboration with painters suggest a complex, but potentially conflictual relationship. In his fictional masterpiece La Vie mode d'emploi (1978) he pursues an elaborate confrontation on many levels with paintings and painters, whose prestige he recognizes as a rival to writing, which is thus challenged to reassert its primacy. Intradiegetically, the narrative turns centrally on accounts of failed projects related to painting. Extradiegetically, ‘Old Master’ paintings are dismantled to provide details for insertion into quite alien contexts in Perec's textual construction, and the aspect of framing central to traditional canvas painting is consistently challenged. Strategically, Perec's whole project in this work can be read as a calculated invasion, by the writer, of the domain of spatial representation seen since Lessing as proper to painting, and as an assertion of the supremacy of the textual.
The Delvaux Mystery: Painting, the Nouveau Roman, and Art History
Authors: Parkinson Gavin
Published: December 2012

Meant to signal in its parodic title both the causal, deductive conventions of academic art history and those of the detective story, this essay looks at the work of the Belgian artist Paul Delvaux (1897–1994), and discusses the uses to which that œuvre has been put by several of the pioneers of the twentieth-century novel, such as Michel Butor, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Claude Simon, Julio Cortázar, and J.G. Ballard. It goes on to speculate as to why so many French novelists from the 1950s who interrogated specifically narrative form, together with those inspired by their example, responded to Delvaux's work in their writing. Asking whether any gain can be made in art history's knowledge and understanding of art by viewing it back through the fiction or poetry generated by it, the essay suggests that fiction and poetry might inflect academic art history at the level of style, asking what the genre implications of such writing might be for a discipline in which writing and style have had such well-defined boundaries and limitations.
Une fiction de l'art au féminin: Artemisia et sa servante
Authors: Arambasin Nella
Published: December 2012

Artemisia Gentileschi n'est pas seulement une artiste femme reconnue parmi les plus grands peintres du dix-septième siècle, mais aussi le personnage récurrent d'œuvres littéraires et cinématographique de femmes auteures françaises contemporaines (Agnès Merlet, Alexandra Lapierre, Catherine Weinzaepflen, Michèle Desbordes). Ces fictions de l'art poursuivent un questionnement théorique du « gender » dans l'écriture et le cinéma, infléchissant la manière de mettre en récit une vie de femme artiste d'exception. En faire l'analyse permet de comprendre comment cette figure se joue, déjoue ou tombe dans le piège des stéréotypes identitaires, mais aussi de penser la création au féminin à la croisée d'une recherche transdisciplinaire en littérature, histoire de l'art et théories féministes. Le comparatisme ici engagé permet de dégager certains mythes, mais aussi une valeur anthropologique de la création féminine, dont l'indice dans les textes est la servante qui accompagne l'artiste. Car cette servante témoigne d'une culture du labeur, d'un savoir-faire et d'un mode d'existence domestique, qui met en abyme l'activité artistique féminine et ses propres procédures de création.
Identification of Candidate Polymorphisms on Stress Oxidative and DNA Damage Repair Genes Related with Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Rodrigues Patricia , Furriol Jessica , Bermejo Begoña , Chaves Felipe , Lluch Ana , Eroles Pilar
Published: December 2012

Diverse polymorphisms have been associated with the predisposition to develop cancer. On fewer occasions, they have been related to the evolution of the disease and to different responses to treatment. Previous studies of our group have associated polymorphisms on genes related to oxidative stress (rs3736729 on GCLC and rs207454 on XDH) and DNA damage repair (rs1052133 on OGG1) with a predisposition to develop breast cancer. In the present work, we have evaluated the hypothesis that these polymorphisms also play a role in a patient’s survival. A population-based cohort study of 470 women diagnosed with primary breast cancer and a median follow up of 52.44 months was conducted to examine the disease-free and overall survival in rs3736729, rs207454 and rs1052133 genetic variants. Adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to that end. The Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that rs3736729 on GCLC presents a significant association with disease-free survival and overall survival. The polymorphisms rs1052133 on OGG1 and rs207454 on XDH show a trend of association with overall survival. The analysis based on hormonal receptor status revealed a stronger association. The CC genotype on rs207454 (XDH) was significantly associated with lower time of disease free survival (p = 0.024) in progesterone receptor negative (PGR−) patients and rs3736729 (GCLC) was significantly associated with disease free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.012) in the subgroup of estrogen receptor negative (ER−) patients. This work suggests that unfavorable genetic variants in the rs207454 (XDH) and rs3736729 (GCLC) polymorphisms may act as predictors of the outcome in negative progesterone receptor and negative estrogen receptor breast cancer patients, respectively.
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Ernest Holly , Drazenovich Tracy , Dalbeck Lisa , Hawkins Michelle
Published: December 2012

The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is an important model organism for the study of avian influenza and other diseases of humans and animals, as well as a popular pet animal. In order to evaluate genetic diversity and study disease relationships in ferrets, 22 nuclear microsatellite loci (17 dinucleotide and 5 tetranucleotide) were developed from ferret genomic libraries and organized into seven multiplex sets. Polymorphism was preliminarily assessed in one population in Australia and one in the USA, sampled with 25 individuals each. The loci displayed allelic diversity ranging from 1 to 5 alleles, and expected and observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.04 to 0.65 and 0.04 to 0.76, respectively. Additionally, the loci amplified products in 15 samples from the wild ancestor, European polecat (Mustela putorius) and domestic ferret-polecat hybrids. In polecat/hybrid samples, allelic diversity ranged from 3 to 8 alleles, and expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.13 to 0.81 and 0.13 to 0.80 respectively. These markers will be useful for molecular assessments of genetic diversity and applications to evolution, ecology, and health in domestic ferrets and wild polecats.
Formation of Sulfonyl Aromatic Alcohols by Electrolysis of a Bisazo Reactive Dye
Authors: Elizalde-González María , Arroyo-Abad Uriel , García-Díaz Esmeralda , Brillas Enric , Sirés Ignasi , Dávila-Jiménez Martín
Published: December 2012

Five sulfonyl aromatic alcohols, namely 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl)phenol, 4-((2-(2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl)ethoxy)vinyl)sulfonyl)phenol, 4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenol, 4-(vinylsulfonyl)phenol and 5-((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl)-2-penten-1-ol were identified by LC-ESI-Qq-TOF-MS as products formed by electrolysis of the bisazo reactive dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5). Since electrolyses were performed in an undivided cell equipped with Ni electrodes in alkaline medium, amines like 4-(2-methoxyethylsulfonyl)benzene-amine (MEBA) with m/z 216 were also suspected to be formed due to the plausible chemical reaction in the bulk or the cathodic reduction of RB5 and its oxidation by-products. Aiming to check this hypothesis, a method was used for the preparation of MEBA with 98% purity, via chemical reduction also of the dye RB5. The logP of the synthesized sulfonyl aromatic compounds was calculated and their logkw values were determined chromatographically. These data were discussed in regard to the relationship between hydrophobicity/lipophilicity and toxicity.
Production of Volatile Compounds in Reconstituted Milk Reduced-Fat Cheese and the Physicochemical Properties as Affected by Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain
Authors: Wang Weijun , Zhang Lanwei , Li Yanhua
Published: December 2012

The application of the exopolysaccharide-producing strains for improving the texture and technical properties of reduced-fat cheese looks very promising. Streptococcus thermophilus TM11 was evaluated for production of reduced-fat cheese using reconstituted milk powder (CRMP). The physicochemical analysis of fresh and stored cheeses showed that this strain slightly increased moisture content resulting in cheese with higher yield and lower protein content compared to the direct acidified cheese. The volatiles of cheese were determined by SPME and GC equipped with a mass spectrometer. The results indicated that the major compounds included aldehydes, ketones and acids, whereas, alcohols and branched-chain aldehydes that contribute to exciting and harsh flavors were not found in CRMP. By the textural profile analysis, we found the cheese made with S. thermophilus TM11 had lower cohesiveness, resilience and higher adhesiveness than the direct acidified cheese, and had similar hardness. Further, S. thermophilus TM11 greatly changed the protein matrix with more opened cavities according to observation by scanning electron microscopy. Consequently, use of S. thermophilus TM11 could endow CRMP with the novel and suitable flavor properties and improved texture quality.
Antifungal Activity of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil and Its Constituent Phytochemicals against Rhizopus oryzae: Interaction with Ergosterol
Authors: De Lira Mota Kelly , De Oliveira Pereira Fillipe , De Oliveira Wylly , Lima Igara , De Oliveira Lima Edeltrudes
Published: December 2012

Mucormycoses are emerging infections that have high rates of morbidity and mortality. They show high resistance to antifungal agents, and there is a limited therapeutic arsenal currently available, therefore, there is a great need to give priority to testing therapeutic agents for the treatment of mucormycosis. Along this line, the use of essential oils and phytoconstituents has been emphasized as a new therapeutic approach. The objective of this work was to investigate the antifungal activity of the essential oil (EO) of Thymus vulgaris, and its constituents thymol and p-cymene against Rhizopus oryzae, through microbiological screening, determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFCs), effects on mycelial growth and germination of sporangiospores and interaction with ergosterol. The MIC of EO and thymol varied 128–512 µg/mL, but the MFC of EO and thymol varied 512–1024 µg/mL and 128–1024 µg/mL, respectively. The results also showed that EO and thymol significantly inhibited mycelial development and germination of sporangiospores. Investigation of the mechanism of antifungal action showed that EO and thymol interact with ergosterol. These data indicate that EO of T. vulgaris and thymol possess strong antifungal activity, which can be related to their interaction with ergosterol, supporting the possible use of these products in the treatment of mucormycosis.
Synthesis and Microbiological Evaluation of New 2- and 2,3-Diphenoxysubstituted Naphthalene-1,4-diones with 5-Oxopyrrolidine Moieties
Authors: Voskienė Aušra , Sapijanskaitė Birutė , Mickevičius Vytautas , Jonuškienė Ilona , Stasevych Maryna , Komarovska-Porokhnyavets Olena , Musyanovych Rostyslav , Novikov Volodymyr
Published: December 2012

New 3-substituted 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine derivatives containing hydrazone, azole, diazole, oxadiazole fragments, as well as 2-phenoxy- and 2,3-diphenoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized. The structure of all compounds has been confirmed by NMR, IR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis data. Methyl 1-{3-[(3-chloro-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2-naphthalenyl)oxy]phenyl}-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylate demonstrated potential antibacterial and antifungal activities as determined by diffusion and serial dilution methods, while N'-[(4-bromophenyl)methylidene]-1-{3-[(3-chloro-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2-naphthalenyl)oxy]phenyl}-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarbohydrazide and 2-{3-[4-(1,2,3-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl]phenoxy}-3-{3-[4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-oxo- 1-pyrrolidinyl]phenoxy}naphthoquinone showed antifungal activity against Candida tenuis and Aspergillus niger at low concentrations, as determined by the serial dilution method. The substitution of the methoxy fragment by N-containing substituents in monophenoxy substituted naphthoquinones was found to decrease their activity against Mycobacterium luteum. Besides, introduction of the second phenoxy substituted fragment increased the antifungal activity against Candida tenuis and Aspergillus niger at lower concentrations.
Synthesis and Polymerizability of Atom-Bridged Bicyclic Monomers
Authors: Hall Henry
Published: December 2012

¨The synthesis and polymerizability of atom-bridged bicyclic monomers was surveyed. The monomers included lactams, ureas, urethanes, lactones, carbonates, ethers, acetals, orthoesters, and amines. Despite widely-varying structures, they almost all polymerized to give polymers with monocyclic rings in the chain. The polymerizations are grouped by mechanism: uncoordinated anionic, coordinated anionic, and cationic.
Immunoanalysis Methods for the Detection of Dioxins and Related Chemicals
Authors: Tian Wenjing , Xie Heidi , Fu Hualing , Pei Xinhui , Zhao Bin
Published: December 2012

With the development of biotechnology, approaches based on antibodies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), active aryl hydrocarbon immunoassay (Ah-I) and other multi-analyte immunoassays, have been utilized as alternatives to the conventional techniques based on gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy for the analysis of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in environmental and biological samples. These screening methods have been verified as rapid, simple and cost-effective. This paper provides an overview on the development and application of antibody-based approaches, such as ELISA, Ah-I, and multi-analyte immunoassays, covering the sample extraction and cleanup, antigen design, antibody preparation and immunoanalysis. However, in order to meet the requirements for on-site fast detection and relative quantification of dioxins in the environment, further optimization is needed to make these immuno-analytical methods more sensitive and easy to use.
Penser la violence adolescente dans le cadre scolaire
Authors: Lauru Didier
Published: December 2012

Résumé La violence, comme l’agressivité, fait partie de la constitution du sujet. À l’adolescence, avec la reviviscence du sexuel, le sujet en construction apprend à contenir et à canaliser son agressivité, en lien avec la violence du sexuel. La clinique montre que la violence se déchaîne quand la parole fait défaut, mais se déclenche parfois dans la réalité, souvent sur le lieu de vie quotidien : le collège ou le lycée. Comment penser, voire comprendre, cette violence ? Surtout, comment y répondre ? C’est l’enjeu du malaise actuel des adolescents dans la civilisation.
Tendon Trap Technique for Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Chung Nam-Soo , Cho Jae-Ho , Han Kyeong-Jin , Han Seung-Hwan , Lee Doo-Hyung
Published: December 2012

Strangulation around cuff tissue is a possible cause of retear after rotator cuff repair. Therefore, tendon healing ideally requires changes in suture tension over the cuff tissue in accord with rotator cuff muscle activity. The authors present a type of fixation that mimics the mechanism of the Chinese finger trap. The devised knot-free tendon trap technique resembles the double-pulley–suture bridge technique, but all suture limbs share the tension evenly and respond synchronized to the cuff tendon. The technique provides simple biologic repairs of rotator cuff tears.
Bleeding Disorders in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Mansour John , Graf Kenneth , Lafferty Paul
Published: December 2012

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Possess a basic understanding of commonly encountered disorders of primary and secondary hemostasis.

2.

Identify the clinical presentation of patients with bleeding disorders.

3.

Understand the importance of the diagnoses, treatments, and potential complications associated with commonly encountered bleeding disorders in orthopedic surgery.

4.

Understand the preoperative management of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapeutic agents.

With increasing recognition of the complications related to coagulopathies, it is of paramount importance for all orthopedic surgeons to possess a basic knowledge of common bleeding disorders. The evaluation of the coagulopathic patient requires a careful history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. Bleeding disorders commonly include quantitative and qualitative platelet and coagulation factor disorders and coagulation inhibitors. The management of these coagulopathies that can be encountered in elective and nonelective practice is often ignored. With appropriate knowledge and a multidisciplinary approach with hematologists and cardiologists, surgeons can perform minor and major orthopedic procedures safely and effectively.
New Minimally Invasive Option for the Treatment of Gluteal Muscle Contracture
Authors: Ye Bin , Zhou Panyu , Xia Yan , Chen Youyan , Yu Jun , Xu Shuogui
Published: December 2012

Gluteal muscle contracture is a clinical syndrome that involves contracture and distortion of the gluteal muscles and fascia fibers due to multiple causes. Physical examination demonstrates a characteristic gait due to hip adduction and internal thigh rotation. This study introduces a new minimally invasive method for surgical release of gluteal muscle contracture. Patients with gluteal muscle contracture were assigned to 4 categories: type A, contracture occurred mainly in the iliotibial tract; type B, contracture occurred in the Iliotibial tract and gluteus maximus; type C1, movement of the contraction band was palpable and a snapping sound was audible during squatting; and type C2, movement of the contraction band was not palpable or almost absent and a snapping sound was audible during squatting. This classification method allowed prediction of the anatomic location of these pathological contractures and determination of the type of surgery required. Four critical points were used to define the operative field and served as points to mark a surgical incision smaller than 4 mm. The contracture was easily released in this carefully marked operative field without causing significant neurovascular damage. Over a period of 5 years, between March 2003 and June 2008, the authors treated 1059 patients with this method and achieved excellent outcomes. Most patients were fully active within 12 weeks, with the assistance of an early postoperative rehabilitation program. The most significant complication was a postoperative periarticular hematoma, which occurred in 3 patients within 10 days postoperatively and required surgical ligation of the bleeding vessel.
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Morris John K. , Fincham Bryce M.
Published: December 2012

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral intra- and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression without major anticoagulation as prophylaxis for VTE in TKA.

This retrospective study involved 157 consecutive patients undergoing TKA performed by 1 surgeon who were treated with bilateral intra- and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression stockings. All patients were followed for at least 6 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative color duplex ultrasound imaging with compression by certified vascular technologists was obtained for 120 patients 2 to 3 days postoperatively. During hospitalization, 2 (1.7%) patients had acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed, 2 (1.7%) had DVT of indeterminate age, and 4 (3.3%) had chronic DVT. During follow-up, 1 (0.8%) patient had an acute DVT diagnosed at 5 weeks postoperatively and 1 (0.8%) had a superficial phlebitis and subsequently had a nonfatal pulmonary embolism 23 days postoperatively. The predominant chemoprophylaxis used was aspirin alone in 107 (89.2%) patients. Epidural anesthesia was used in the majority (n=96; 80%) of patients.

The results of this study support the use of a multimodal approach to VTE prophylaxis in TKA, using bilateral intra- and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression, epidural anesthesia, early mobilization, and postoperative aspirin without the use of major anticoagulation as an effective, safe VTE prophylactic protocol for patients undergoing elective TKA. The study suggests that the protocol is highly effective, has low morbidity, and is cost effective.
Soft Tissue Constraint Injuries in Complex Elbow Instability: Prevalence, Pathoanatomy, and Classification
Authors: Giannicola Giuseppe , Polimanti David , Sacchetti Federico M. , Scacchi Marco , Gumina Stefano , Greco Alessandro , Cinotti Gianluca
Published: December 2012

The types and prevalence of soft tissue constraint injuries associated with complex elbow instability have been rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intraoperative findings of soft tissue constraint injuries in complex elbow instability and provide a comprehensive classification of these lesions. Forty-seven patients undergoing surgery for complex elbow instability were prospectively analyzed. Ligament injuries were classified as simple or complex lesions, depending on whether the ligament was damaged at a single zone or 2 to 3 zones, including its proximal, middle, and distal portions. Posterolateral capsule injuries were classified as small or large in the presence of capsular avulsions smaller than or larger than 1 cm, respectively. The presence of lesions of the common extensor and flexor–pronator muscles were also recorded. Ligament injuries were found in 96% of patients. The lateral collateral ligament showed a simple lesion, including a proximal and distal avulsion, in 19% and 2% of patients, respectively, and a middle-zone tear in 13%. Complex lesions, including the association of a middle-zone tear with a proximal or distal avulsion, were found in 47% and 6% of patients, respectively, and a combination of proximal, distal, and middle-zone injuries in 4%. Small and large posterolateral capsule lesions were found in 49% and 17% of patients, respectively. A medial collateral ligament injury was present in 45% of patients. A high prevalence of soft tissue constraint lesions was found to be associated with complex elbow instability. Soft tissue constraint status should be carefully evaluated pre- and intraoperatively in patients with complex elbow instability. The classification reported herein may be helpful in planning the proper treatment of these complex injuries.
Low Back Pain and Sciatica Prevalence and Intensity Reported in a Mediterranean Country: Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Korovessis Panagiotis , Repantis Thomas , Zacharatos Spyros , Baikousis Andreas
Published: December 2012

The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to estimate the 6-month prevalence and severity of low back pain and sciatica in a representative sample of an adult Mediterranean population. The study group comprised a sample of 674 adults aged 20 years or older from a mainly (74.8%) urban population. Information regarding low back pain and sciatica prevalence and severity and its related aspects, as well as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, was collected by personal interviews with a validated questionnaire. The association between the intensity of low back pain and sciatica with several sociodemographic parameters was tested using ordered univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

A total of 266 (39.5%) patients reported low back pain and 166 (24.6%) reported sciatica during the previous 6-month period. A woman living in a Mediterranean country reported low back pain of increased severity if she was a married housewife aged older than 65 years who was a smoker and suffered from depression. More severe sciatic pain was reported by working married women older than 65 years who were smokers.
Design and Biomechanical Properties of a New Reconstruction Device for Treating Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Authors: Liang Bowei , Ding Zhenqi , Liu Tieqi , Kang Liangqi , Zai Wenliang , Sha Mo , Zhang Xigui
Published: December 2012

Implants currently used for reconstruction of a burst vertebral body are associated with complications, including subsidence, nonunion, and substantial intraoperative blood loss. A new reconstruction device, the U-Cage (Double Engine Medical Material Ltd, Xiamen, Fujian, China), was designed to minimize complications.

Six intact adult cadaver thoracolumbar (T11-L3) spines were collected and scanned by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The stiffness of the burst spine was subsequently compared with its previous intact state during flexion/extension, lateral bending, and rotation, and then subjected to a cyclic test to predict cage subsidence and device loosening. Axial load was applied continuously until failure to test the peak load that the specimen could withstand during the cyclic test. The correlation of bone mineral density and peak load was also analyzed. The instrumented specimens were found to be equivalent to intact bone in all directions (
P
>.05), with the exception of left rotation (
P
<.05). All specimens could withstand the cyclic test, and no subsidence or loosening of the device was detected. Average peak load for the instrumented specimens was 4137.5 N, which correlated with the average bone mineral density (
r
=0.915;
P
=.011).

Thoracolumbar burst fractures instrumented with a U-Cage and anterolateral D-rod fixation achieved a stiffness similar to that of intact spines. This procedure may avoid the subsidence of the cage in vivo and serve as a better option for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures.
Fusion After Interspinous Device Placement
Authors: Tian Nai-Feng , Zhang Xiao-Lei , Wu Yao-Sen , Jiang Li-Bo , Xu Hua-Zi , Chi Yong-Long
Published: December 2012

Lumbar interspinous devices are intended to unload the facet joints, restore foraminal height, lower intradisk pressure, and provide motion-preserving stabilization. They are an alternative treatment for patients with spinal degeneration and have increased in popularity in recent years. To the authors’ knowledge, heterotopic ossification has not been previously reported around an interspinous device, and this is the first reported case of interspinous fusion after interspinous device placement.

A 66-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of low back pain and a 4-month history of radiating pain down his left leg. A diagnosis was made of lumbar spinal stenosis and left disk herniation at L4–L5 after physical and imaging examinations. A dynamic interspinous device was implanted after the decompressive surgery. The patient’s symptoms were relieved postoperatively. Thirty-two months later, he returned with back pain after being in a traffic accident. Lumbar radiographs showed a massive bony formation around the implant. Radiographs and a computed tomography scan 4.5 years later revealed that the implanted device segments were fused. No implant motion was seen on dynamic radiographs. Because the patient was symptom free, no interventions were performed.

Heterotopic bone formation around a dynamic interspinous device may hamper motion preservation, and heterotopic ossification is a potential mid- and long-term complication.