bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological treatment for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung involvement: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Karassa Fotini B. , Bougioukas Konstantinos I. , Pelechas Eleftherios , Skalkou Anastasia , Argyriou Evangelia , Haidich Anna-Bettina
Published: August 2022

Background

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most important pulmonary manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) since it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, there is uncertainty on what constitutes the optimal treatment options from a variety of competing interventions. The aim of the overview is to summarize existing evidence of the effectiveness and harm of pharmacological therapies for adults with CTD-ILD.

Methods

A literature search will be conducted in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination Health Technology Assessment database, Epistemonikos.org, KSR Evidence, and PROSPERO. We will search for systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that examine pharmacological treatment for CTD-ILD. Updated supplemental search will also be undertaken to identify additional randomized controlled trials. The primary outcomes will be changes in lung function measures and adverse events. The methodological quality of the included reviews will be assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The overall quality of the evidence will be evaluated using the GRADE rating. Summarized outcome data extracted from systematic reviews will be described in narrative form or in tables. For each meta-analysis we will estimate the summary effect size by use of random-effects and fixed-effects models with 95% confidence intervals, the between-study heterogeneity expressed by I², and the 95% prediction interval. If feasible, given sufficient data, network meta-analysis will be conducted to combine direct and indirect evidence of class and agent comparisons.

Discussion

While many factors are crucial in selecting an appropriate treatment for patients with CTD-ILD, evidence for the efficacy and safety of a drug is essential in guiding this decision. Thus, this overview will aid clinicians in balancing the risks versus benefits of the available therapies by providing high-quality evidence to support informed decision-making and may contribute to future guideline development.

Systematic review registration

MedRxiv: DOI 10.1101/2022.01.25.22269807

PROSPERO: CRD42022303180
Evolution of global development cooperation: An analysis of aid flows with hierarchical stochastic block models
Authors: Oishi Koji , Ito Hiroto , Murase Yohsuke , Takikawa Hiroki , Sakamoto Takuto
Published: August 2022

Despite considerable scholarly attention on the institutional and normative aspects of development cooperation, its longitudinal dynamics unfolding at the global level have rarely been investigated. Focusing on aid, we examine the evolving global structure of development cooperation induced by aid flows in its entirety. Representing annual aid flows between donors and recipients from 1970 to 2013 as a series of networks, we apply hierarchical stochastic block models to extensive aid-flow data that cover not only the aid behavior of the major OECD donors but also that of other emerging donors, including China. Despite a considerable degree of external expansion and internal diversification of aid relations over the years, the analysis has uncovered a temporally persistent structure of aid networks. The latter comprises, on the one hand, a limited number of major donors with far-reaching resources and, on the other hand, a large number of mostly poor but globally well-connected recipients. The results cast doubt on the efficacy of recurrent efforts for “aid reform” in substantially changing the global aid flow pattern.
Bone, Brain, Heart study protocol: A resilient nested, tripartite prospective cohort study of the role of estrogen depletion on HIV pathology
Authors: Mehta C. Christina , Hagen Kimberly S. , Rubtsova Anna A. , Lahiri Cecile D. , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Moran Caitlin A. , Haddad Lisa B. , Titanji Kehmia , Collins Lauren F. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Neigh Gretchen , Shaw Leslee J. , Weitzmann M. Neale , Waller Lance , Ofotokun Ighovwerha
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We describe the rationale for and design of an innovative, nested, tripartite prospective observational cohort study examining whether relative estrogen insufficiency-induced inflammation amplifies HIV-induced inflammation to cause end organ damage and worsen age-related co-morbidities affecting the neuro-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Brain), skeletal (Bone), and cardiovascular (Heart/vessels) organ systems (BBH Study).

Methods

The BBH parent study is the Multicenter AIDS Cohort/Women’s Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) with participants drawn from the Atlanta MWCCS site. BBH will enroll a single cohort of n = 120 women living with HIV and n = 60 HIV-negative women, equally distributed by menopausal status. The innovative multipart nested study design of BBH, which draws on data collected by the parent study, efficiently leverages resources for maximum research impact and requires extensive oversight and management in addition to careful implementation. The presence of strong infrastructure minimized BBH study disruptions due to changes in the parent study and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

BBH is poised to provide insight into sex and HIV associations with the neuro-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems despite several major, unexpected challenges.
Private school choice among Muslim parents: the public–private school decision in Delhi, India
Authors: Mousumi Manjuma Akhtar , Kusakabe Tatsuya
Published: August 2022

This article examines Muslim parents’ private school choice, their understanding of public–private schooling and how they navigate the choice between fee-free public schools and fee-charging private schools. This article draws on qualitative data from open-ended, semi-structured interviews with 38 parents from Muslim-majority areas in Delhi, India. The findings show that parents choose private schools for several reasons, such as their proximity, discipline, emphasis on Islamic teachings and values, safety and caring teachers. The analysis suggests that structural and social factors influence and construct parents’ choice of a particular school. The neighbourhood where they reside, their minority status, their socio-economic and demographic profile, and the type of schools that are available to them influence their decision making.
Who enters the University of Education?: Implications for the Elementary Teacher Education Curriculum
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Park Yun-Kyoung , Kim Eun-hyang , Lee Eun-Joo , Chang Ji-Eun
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to explore what changes appear in the characteristics of students entering the university of elementary education from 2011 to 2020, and to provide implications for the future elementary school teacher training curriculum.
Methods: For these purposes, descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the survey data of freshmen at ‘A’ National University of Education in the Chungbuk area. The survey content included 1) students’ demographic characteristics, 2) family backgrounds, 3) motivation for entering an elementary teacher education and perception of teaching profession, 4) expectations for teacher educators, and 5) their perception on social issues.
Results: First, while the ratio of male students was maintained at about 30% or more, the average age, the ratio of re-entry students and those from the metropolitan area keep increasing. Second, the level of parental education and family SES is steadily rising. Third, in terms of motivation for entering teacher education, the ratio of intrinsic motivation considering aptitude and interest was high, and the overall perception of teaching profession was positive. Fourth, as for university professors, responses to expecting academic guidance rather than human ties increased significantly, while interest in political and social issues is continuously declining.
Conclusion: Based on the main results, the implications for the future curriculum of elementary teacher education were discussed.
Extraction of Impervious Surface Using Sentinel-1A Time-Series Coherence Images with the Aid of a Sentinel-2A Image
Authors: Wu Wenfu , Teng Jiahua , Cheng Qimin , Guo Songjing
Published: August 2022

The continuous increasing of impervious surface (IS) hinders the sustainable development of cities. Using optical images alone to extract IS is usually limited by weather, which obliges us to develop new data sources. The obvious differences between natural and artificial targets in
interferometric synthetic-aperture radar coherence images have attracted the attention of researchers. A few studies have attempted to use coherence images to extract IS—mostly single-temporal coherence images, which are affected by de-coherence factors. And due to speckle, the results
are rather fragmented. In this study, we used time-series coherence images and introduced multi-resolution segmentation as a postprocessing step to extract IS. From our experiments, the results from the proposed method were more complete and achieved considerable accuracy, confirming the potential
of time-series coherence images for extracting IS.
Influencia de la altura en la consideración de la interacción dinámica suelo-estructura en edificaciones con tipología mixta ubicadas en zonas de alto peligro sísmico
Authors: Fundora Sautié Nelson , Braña Nuez Patricia , Gamón Payret Roberto , Martínez Cid Janet O.
Published: August 2022

El comportamiento estructural de las edificaciones ante la acción de cargas sísmicas en ocasiones puede modificarse con la consideración de la Interacción Dinámica Suelo-Estructura (IDSE), aspecto que demuestra la importancia del estudio de sus efectos en la misma. El presente estudio fue realizado, utilizando el software ETABS V17, para edificios de cinco, 10 y 15 niveles ubicados sobre un suelo tipo D en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, catalogada como de alto peligro sísmico según la NC 46: 2017[1]. Las edificaciones se caracterizan por presentar tipología estructural mixta de hormigón armado con igual distribución en planta y elevación. Para las tres alturas propuestas, se llevó a cabo la comparación de los valores de periodo de oscilación, fuerzas sísmicas por piso, desplazamientos en el tope de la edificación y derivas considerando dos condiciones de la base: empotrada y con IDSE mediante las formulaciones de Sargsian. La interpretación de los resultados reveló mayor influencia de la consideración de la IDSE para las edificaciones de 10 y 15 niveles.
Molecular Docking of Gallic Acid and Its Derivatives as the Potential nNOS Inhibitors
Authors: Budi Sulistyaning , Nurlaila Annisa Fitri , Prasetyo Icaq Dwi , Rahmadhani Indah Nur , Sebastian Javier , Tahir Iqmal
Published: August 2022

The global prevalence of anxiety and depression rates have increased by 25% due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression can occur due to an increase in NO produced by the nNOS enzyme. Gallic acid and its derivatives can be obtained from nature and have various biological activities. This study aimed to determine the potential of gallic acid and its derivatives as nNOS inhibitors using the molecular docking method with parameters of binding energy values, RMSD values, and specific binding to amino acid residues. The results showed that gallic acid, 4-O-methyl gallic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate had bond energies of −1.87; −2.36; and −0.12 kcal/mol, respectively. Compared to the standard ligand, which had binding energy of −2.84 kcal/mol, gallic acid 4-O-(6-galloyl glucoside) had binding energy of −4.12 kcal/mol. Based on these results, gallic acid 4-O-(6-galloyl glucoside) can potentially inhibit nNOS.
Congo Red Dye Adsorption using Magnesium Hydroxide from Seawater Bittern
Authors: Jumaeri Jumaeri , Nadiyya Akhsanun , Prasetya Agung Tri , Sumarni Woro
Published: August 2022

The study of Mg(OH)2 from seawater bittern as an adsorbent for Congo red (CR) from an aqueous solution has been performed. This study aimed to determine the effect of pH, contact time, and initial CR concentration on CR adsorption by Mg(OH)2. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of CR on Mg(OH)2 in an aqueous solution were also studied. The optimum adsorption was obtained at pH 8 within 90 minutes of contact time with an adsorption capacity of 46.3 mg/g for an initial CR concentration of 29 mg/L. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model with an n value of 2.579 and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a k2 value of 0.0021 g mg−1min−1.
Antibacterial Activity of Jojoba Seed residue and Its Possible Active Compound
Authors: Batubara Irmanida , Siahaan Arnold Patogi , Rohaeti Eti , Muddathir Ali Mahmoud
Published: August 2022

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) (Link) C.K. is a shrub plant widely used in cosmetics, especially jojoba oil. The residue will remain when producing jojoba oil and become waste. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Jojoba seed residue (JSR) and its possible active antibacterial compounds. JSR was collected from Sudan and extracted by maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. The antibacterial activity was determined with the microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The 70% ethanol extract showed the value of MIC and MBC against E. coli, which was 7.8 mg/ml; meanwhile, against S. aureus was 3.9 mg/mL and 7.8 mg/mL, respectively. Fractionation of 70% ethanol extract using silica gel column chromatography with gradient elution produced ten fractions. Fraction 3 showed the MIC and MBC values in E. coli which were 3.1 mg/mL and 12 mg/ml, and in S. aureus, which were 3.1 mg/mL and 6.2 mg/mL. The fractionation continued to Fraction 3 using preparative thin layer chromatography to collect subfraction 3.2 at an Rf value of 0.76, actively based on contact autobiography against E. coli and S. aureus. Embelin was detected in Subfraction 3.2 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) and suggested as the active antibacterial component in JSR.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in an Eco-friendly Way using Lannea coromandelica Aqueous Bark Extract
Authors: Azis Nuritasari , Wahab Abdul Wahid , Karim Abdul , La Nafie Nursiah , Febrianti Triana
Published: August 2022

In this present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized through an easy, rapid, and eco-friendly pathway using Lannea coromandelica aqueous bark extract. The obtained AgNPs were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the pH of colloidal AgNPs played a vital role in forming AgNPs. The pH ranges used in this study were 6, 8, 10, and 12. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by observing the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at each pH and obtaining a wavelength of 430.50, 419.50, 418.50, and 410.00 nm. A comparison of the FTIR spectra of Lannea coromandelica aqueous bark extract and AgNPs showed the contribution of the O-H group in reducing silver ions. XRD diffractogram showed that AgNPs formed at 2θ = 37.8056o (1 1 1), 44.0345o (2 0 0), 64.3942o (2 2 0), dan 77.5003o (3 1 1) with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure, and the average particle size was 22.5047 nm. SEM results showed that the nanoparticles have a non-uniform and irregular shape.
Study on physical properties of Al2O3-based slags used for the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) – metallurgy method
Authors: Shi Guan-yong , Zhang Ting-an , Niu Li-ping , Dou Zhi-he
Published: August 2022

The Al2O3-based slags are playing important roles in the preparation of Cu–Cr alloy through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) – Metallurgy method. However, the current research on Al2O3-based slag is mainly concentrated on steel metallurgical slag and electroslag remelting slag, and the research on aluminum thermal reduction slag with high content of Al2O3 is still insufficient. Therefore, systematic studies of the physical properties of slag with high aluminum content were carried out in the present work, and the influence of CaF2, CaO, MgO, SiO2, and Na3AlF6 on viscosities, liquidus temperatures, densities, and surface tensions of high Al2O3 content slags was measured and analyzed. The results indicated that CaO and CaF2 have positive effects on the physical properties of Al2O3-based slags, MgO has positive effects when its content is not over 3%, and SiO2 and Na3AlF6 have negative impacts. CaO, CaF2, and MgO (not over 3%) could be used as additives to improve the metallurgical performance of Al2O3-based slags in aluminothermic reduction–slag refining method.
Standard deviation estimation from sums of unequal size samples
Authors: Casquilho Miguel , Buescu Jorge
Published: August 2022

In numerous industrial and related activities, the sums of the values of, frequently, unequal size samples are systematically recorded, for several purposes such as legal or quality control reasons. For the typical case where the individual values are not or no longer known, we address the point estimation, with confidence intervals, of the standard deviation (and mean) of the individual items, from those sums alone.
The estimation may be useful also to corroborate estimates from previous statistical process control. An everyday case of a sum is the total weight of a set of items, such as a load of bags on a truck, which is used illustratively.
For the parameters mean and standard deviation of the distribution, assumed Gaussian, we derive point estimates, which lead to weighted statistics, and we derive confidence intervals. For the latter, starting with a tentative reduction to equal size samples, we arrive at a solid conjecture for the mean, and a proposal for the standard deviation. All results are verifiable by direct computation or by simulation in a general and effective way. These computations can be run on public web pages of ours, namely for possible industrial use.
Not Just Many Worlds but Many Universes? A Problem for the Many Worlds View of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Baumann Peter
Published: August 2022

The many-worlds view is one of the most discussed “interpretations” of quantum mechanics. As is well known, this view has some very controversial and much discussed aspects. This paper focuses on one particular problem arising from the combination of quantum mechanics with Special Relativity. It turns out that the ontology of the many-worlds view – the account of what there is and what branches of the universe exist – is relative to inertial frames. If one wants to avoid relativizing ontology, one has to argue either that there is an additional source of branching due to Special Relativity and thus additional branches or worlds. Or one has to argue that there are not only many worlds but also many universes (sets of worlds or world-branches); there is thus not only one tree of many world-branches but many frame-specific trees, a “forest” of many world-trees. The main problem here is how one can understand all or any of this.
Magic and Haunting: Oil Media at Venezuela’s Lake Maracaibo
Authors: Zazzarino Maria
Published: August 2022

Energy humanities emanating from the Global North often presents questions of oil disinvestment through a linear narrative of enchantment and disenchantment. According to this narrative, modern humankind has enjoyed the benefits of oil without much question, and it is only after the effects of climate change are felt that one arrives at a moment of disenchantment from oil’s allure. This article seeks to complicate this narrative by focusing on mediations of Venezuela’s oil extraction epicenter: Lake Maracaibo. Through textual and visual analysis of Standard Oil’s El Farol (1935–75) and the independent documentary film Pozo Muerto (1968), the article suggests that the persistent language of magic, bedazzlement, and enchantment is not the only register available to understand complex landscapes in regions where oil development is perceived as a cyclical, disruptive process rather than as a finished one. Inspired by María Pilar Blanco’s notion of ghost-watching (2012) and paying attention to local visual practices, I suggest that a language of haunting is better suited to explain the lived experience of petroculture from the perspective of extraction enclaves such as Lake Maracaibo. Unlike the register of magic, which presents oil as a transformative agent that converts the subsoil into wealth at great speed, a register of haunting effectively registers the histories of dispossession, interruption, and uncertainty that permeate the experience of petroculture in Venezuela. Ultimately, I argue for a perspective that examines the labor of constructing oil as a miraculous mediator while acknowledging alternative registers to understand petrocultures.
A Body Downwind of the Atomic Attack at Trinity: Mediations of Atomic Coloniality in Nuevo México
Authors: Borunda Stephen N.
Published: August 2022

Early atomic media, infrastructures, and the atomic attack (a phrase I take up instead of the ambiguous and occluding term atomic test) at the Trinity site in Nuevo México remain surprisingly unexamined through the lens of coloniality (Quijano 2000). This essay proposes “mediations of atomic coloniality” as a “creative mediation” (Kember and Zylinska 2012, 200) to investigate the public facing discourses around the world’s earliest nuclear infrastructures at Trinity. This critical approach is multimodal and (1) uses a site visit by the author to highlight the public discourses that circulate at the Trinity landmark; (2) explores early atomic documentary cinema and their spatialization of Nuevo México; and (3) looks at the emergence of what the author terms downwind media as taken up by local community activists in the Tularosa Basin Downwinders Consortium. Mediations of atomic coloniality as an approach engages with mediation as composed of dynamic processes that interlink diverse forms of media ranging from radioactive bodies to lands, films, and current regional media activism stemming from Trinity. This approach moves beyond notions of the first atomic bomb as exceeding traditional forms of mediation. Instead, it both sheds light on the role of media objects in the bolstering of dominant Eurocentric discourses of the early atomic age in Nuevo México and follows the dispersed accounts of radioactive and racialized “slow violence” (Nixon 2013) articulated by local communities of color. Ultimately, this essay explores what is gained in understanding the nuclear infrastructures at Trinity through a broader media ecology and, relatedly, how mediation might also function as a praxis in environmental justice efforts.
Elp3‐mediated codon‐dependent translation promotes mTORC2 activation and regulates macrophage polarization
Authors: Chen Dawei , Nemazanyy Ivan , Peulen Olivier , Shostak Kateryna , Xu Xinyi , Tang Seng Chuan , Wathieu Caroline , Turchetto Silvia , Tielens Sylvia , Nguyen Laurent , Close Pierre , Desmet Christophe , Klein Sebastian , Florin Alexandra , Büttner Reinhard , Petrellis Georgios , Dewals Benjamin , Chariot Alain
Published: August 2022

Macrophage polarization is a process whereby macrophages acquire distinct effector states (M1 or M2) to carry out multiple and sometimes opposite functions. We show here that translational reprogramming occurs during macrophage polarization and that this relies on the Elongator complex subunit Elp3, an enzyme that modifies the wobble uridine base U34 in cytosolic tRNAs. Elp3 expression is downregulated by classical M1‐activating signals in myeloid cells, where it limits the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines via FoxO1 phosphorylation, and attenuates experimental colitis in mice. In contrast, alternative M2‐activating signals upregulate Elp3 expression through a PI3K‐ and STAT6‐dependent signaling pathway. The metabolic reprogramming linked to M2 macrophage polarization relies on Elp3 and the translation of multiple candidates, including the mitochondrial ribosome large subunit proteins Mrpl3, Mrpl13, and Mrpl47. By promoting translation of its activator Ric8b in a codon‐dependent manner, Elp3 also regulates mTORC2 activation. Elp3 expression in myeloid cells further promotes Wnt‐driven tumor initiation in the intestine by maintaining a pool of tumor‐associated macrophages exhibiting M2 features. Collectively, our data establish a functional link between tRNA modifications, mTORC2 activation, and macrophage polarization.
Feeding and lipophagy: it takes guts to deliver
Authors: Raimundo Nuno
Published: August 2022

Refeeding after a period of starvation is known to suppress autophagy in the liver. Surprising new work by Seok et al (2022) shows that refeeding activates lipophagy in the intestine, which may help fats in our diet to be efficiently processed after a meal.
The Effect of Bonus Mechanisms, Good Corporate Governance on Transfer Princing with Tax Avoidance as Moderating
Authors: Putra Rio Johan , Rizkillah Amalia Astani
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the bonus mechanism, good corporate governance on transfer pricing with tax avoidance as a moderating variable. The research method used is quantitative with data collection through the official website of the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) or the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The sampling method used is purposive sampling in which the determination of the sample is based on certain criteria. The results of the sample obtained were 10 companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2016 – 2020. The results of the test hypothesis prove that the bonus mechanism has no effect on transfer pricing. The board of directors has no effect on transfer pricing. Independent commissioners have an effect on transfer pricing. Institutional ownership has no effect on transfer pricing. the audit committee has no effect on transfer pricing. Tax avoidance has no effect on transfer pricing. Tax Avoidance cannot Moderate the effect of the bonus mechanism on transfer pricing. Tax Avoidance cannot Moderate the influence of the board of directors on transfer pricing. Tax Avoidance cannot Moderate the influence of independent commissioners on transfer pricing. Tax Avoidance can Moderate the effect of institutional ownership on transfer pricing. Tax Avoidance cannot Moderate the influence of the audit committee on transfer pricing.
The Prediction of Time Trending Techniques In Manufacturing
Authors: Chun Chet Gan
Published: July 2022

The paper writes about utilizing time trend predictive techniques to calculate an estimated prediction in machine setup application. The prediction is based on arithmetic equations to estimate a future time. With these techniques in place, time trend predictors are able to know an estimate time in setting up machine, which is a variable time factor, with known prediction limits. Based on actual data collected over a period of time, a time trend is perceivable. It is concluded that time trend techniques provide an estimate predictor, sufficient to know a rough value within a categorical limit. In comparison with probability and categorization techniques, this paper shows coherence findings. Machine setups are known of its variances due to human factors and other uncontrollable factors. These activities, mainly repetitive in nature during parts change or adjustment of parts, are done by trained personnel. The setups of the machine are difficult to perform due to the complexity of the machine. The tasks are able to be performed by skilled workers only. With the technical skills required to perform the tasks, it is unimaginable of the set time to setup the machine and the target achieved by the job performers over the years. The movements estimates, which is mentioned briefly in this paper, shows that it could estimate a time to reduce the work hours. Besides time trend techniques, estimating the number of movements can know the time to reduce the setup activities. The findings are reported as follows in this paper.
Overview of low grade heat sources for heat pump plants in district heating systems
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Derii V.O. , Sokolovska I.S. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Teslenko O.I. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The use of low grade heat sources by heat pump plants in heat supply systems in developed European countries is considered. It is established that process waters, natural reservoirs, ventilation emissions of buildings, sea water, heat of refrigeration units, groundwater, flue gases of boilers and thermal power plants, wastewater, heat of solar energy batteries, geothermal heat are used as low grade heat sources for heat pump plants. It is shown that for heat pump plants of district heating systems in Ukraine it is most expedient to use the heat of: ventilation emissions of buildings connected to these systems, wastewater, soils and groundwater, air, flue gases of boilers and CHP, rivers, process water, emissions and discharges of industrial enterprises. Exhaust ventilation heat of supermarkets, shopping malls and subways will be used not for district heating systems, but for the own needs of these organizations. The use of the heat of soils and groundwater will not be widely used in district heating systems due to the density of urban buildings Keywords: low grade heat source, district heating systems, thermal energy, heat pump
Modeling of country energy supply by structure of product energy balance data in the format of the international energy agency
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Kaplin M.I. , Bilan T.R. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Novytskyi I.Yu. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The possibilities of construction of models of production type investigated according to L.V. Kantorovich using the expanded nomenclature of product energy balance, as well as indicators of energy balances of the IEA for Ukraine, which allowed to determine mutually agreed and balanced volumes for production and supply of the energy sources using the minimum amount of open-source information regulated by the current legislation of a country. Creating the structure of the aforementioned models in accordance with the structure of the system of indicators mentioned balances makes the possibility for assessing the set of input and output indicators of these reporting statistical documents for completeness and consistency, particularly with the aim to identify incorrectly taken into counted, unaccounted, lost or stolen amounts of fuel and energy resources. With this in mind, the following work focuses on formulating the basic requirements for energy supply models for purposes of their application, developing a methodological approach to building a structure, and technological coefficients calculation (input and output) of the economic-mathematical model of production type by the nomenclature of supply directions, transformation and final consumption regulated by the product energy balance of Ukraine, and also on the application of this approach to the development of a number of energy supply models of different aggregation levels, designed to solve problems of forecasting the structure and amounts supply of energy sources, and the research of their appropriate variants, analyze the quality of statistic energetic balances, and detection the volumes of unaccounted energy resource consumption. Keywords: energy supply, product energy balance, production type model
Formation of nanogetherogenic materials with increased characteristics of heat resistance
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Shchepetov Vitalii , Kovtun Svitlana ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Kharchenko Serhii ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Nazarenko Oleg ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The work performed the researches, aimed at creating compositions - nanoheterogeneous materials with increased characteristics of heat resistance. A critical analysis of widely studied brands of coatings from the standpoint of modern materials science was conducted, at the result of what was shown that many of the applied heterogeneous nanostructured protective coatings can be recognized as neither rational in composition nor the best in properties. Of the known groups of materials with special physical and chemical properties, the least studied are nanostructured nanoheterogeneous coatings, due to the lack of a rigorous theory and the presence of criteria selected for its evaluation. Therefore, the aim of the work became a develop general principles for obtaining rational compositions of nanoheterogeneous coatings with increased characteristics of high heat resistance. Nickel was chosen as the basis for the heterogeneous coating. The results of the study of the protective nanoheterogeneous coating of the Ni–Al–Ti–C–SiO2–Al2O3–B2O system are presented. The proposed coatings differ in that they have an order of magnitude higher resistance to oxidation compared to stainless steel. Wear intensity indicators remain virtually unchanged over the entire temperature range and are much lower than traditionally used wear-resistant materials. At the change of speed of sliding in the conditions of the increased loadings intensity of wearing remains practically invariable and is twice less in comparison with coverings of tungsten carbide. Keywords: heat-resistant coatings, alloy, oxidation resistance, wear intensity, heat resistance
Enteral Low-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants to Prevent Morbidity and Mortality: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Manapurath Rukman M. , Kumar Mohan , Pathak Barsha Gadapani , Chowdhury Ranadip , Sinha Bireshwar , Choudhary Tarun , Chandola Naro , Mazumdar Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita , Upadhyay Ravi Prakash
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES

To assess effects of enteral “low” dose (daily doses of ≤10 000 international unit) vitamin A supplementation compared with no vitamin A supplementation in human milk-fed preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants.

DATA SOURCES

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL from inception to 16 March 2021.

STUDY SELECTION

Randomized trials were screened. Primary outcomes were mortality, morbidity, growth, neurodevelopment. Secondary outcomes were feed intolerance and duration of hospitalization. We also assessed the dose and timing of vitamin A supplementation. Data were extracted and pooled with fixed and random-effects models.

RESULTS

Four trials including 800 very LBW <1.5 kg or <32 weeks’ gestation infants were found. At latest follow-up, we found little or no effect on: mortality, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, duration of hospitalisation. However, we found a increased level of serum retinol mean difference of 4.7 μg/ml (95% CI 1.2 to 8.2, I2 =0.00%, one trial, 36 participants,). Evidence ranged from very low to moderate certainty. There were no outcomes reported for length, head circumference or neurodevelopment.

LIMITATIONS

Heterogeneity and small sample size in the included studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Low-dose vitamin A increased serum retinol concentration among very LBW and very preterm infants but had no effect on other outcomes. More trials are needed to assess effects on clinical outcomes and to assess effects in infants 1.5 to 2.4 kg or 32 to 26 weeks’ gestation.
Participación laboral durante la crisis económica por el COVID-19 en México: demandas de cuidado y recuperación diferencial entre hombres y mujeres
Authors: Borrajo Lía Carnes , Valenciano María Stephanie
Published: August 2022

La pandemia por COVID-19 no solo ha impactado en el campo de la salud, sino también ha llevado a una crisis profunda a nivel social y económico. Atender las demandas de este virus conllevó la paralización de las actividades económicas en casi todo el globo. México no fue la excepción y las medidas aplicadas en el país trajeron importantes consecuencias en la economía y el mercado laboral, con una fuerte reducción de la ocupación, así como salidas de la fuerza laboral. Este artículo busca comprender las diferencias observadas en este proceso desde un enfoque que prioriza las demandas de cuidados en los hogares como factor determinante del comportamiento dispar por sexo. Para esto se realizó un análisis cuantitativo a partir de los datos de la encuesta ECOVID-ML, mediante un modelo de regresión logística. De esa manera, se mostró la relevancia del efecto de las variables de cuidado para entender las diferencias en participación laboral entre hombres y mujeres y, además, se constató una menor reincorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral, a pesar de que la recuperación se da en sectores feminizados.
Cáncer de cérvix en Costa Rica, barreras según las dimensiones de la asistencia sanitaria: una revisión sistemática cualitativa
Authors: Rivera Chavarría Ana Leonor , Calderón- Céspedes Alejandro
Published: August 2022

Introducción: de las muertes de mujeres en el mundo por algún tipo de cáncer, el de cérvix es responsable del 7 % del total. En Costa Rica, cada año se diagnostican en promedio 320 casos y fallecen 140 mujeres por esta enfermedad. Objetivo: identificar barreras para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer cérvico-uterino, según la disponibilidad de la asistencia sanitaria en Costa Rica. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa de literatura entre mayo y setiembre de 2021. Se examinaron estudios publicados de enero de 2010 a junio de 2021 con diseño cuantitativo, cualitativo o ambos, de fuente primaria o secundaria, que identificaran limitaciones para acceder a la atención según población general, usuarios o personal de salud en Costa Rica. Resultados: se seleccionaron 9 artículos científicos. Se identificaron 5 dimensiones del modelo de Tanahashi y 26 barreras correspondientes a cada una: 12 de disponibilidad, 5 de accesibilidad, 3 de aceptabilidad, 2 de contacto con el servicio y 4 de cobertura efectiva. Conclusiones: las dificultades en torno al servicio médico son múltiples y están presentes en todas las dimensiones descritas en el modelo de Tanahashi. Los hallazgos de este estudio destacan la importancia de abordarlas, lo cual, en algunas podría ser complejo. No obstante, otras variables son relativamente simples de solucionar a nivel de sistema, política o práctica.
Selección participativa de niños como promotores de salud para prevenir la obesidad infantil en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Bon Padilla Karla Alejandra , Ortega Vélez María Isabel
Published: August 2022

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Determinar las estrategias para enfrentar esta epidemia requiere de su desarrollo desde una perspectiva holística y con base en el contexto local. Además, es necesario involucrar a la comunidad en la elaboración de propuestas que propicien un estilo de vida saludable. Objetivo. Utilizar herramientas virtuales durante la pandemia de COVID-19 para seleccionar participativamente a niños promotores de salud. Metodología. Mediante la dinámica de teatro guiñol se recrearon los actos correspondientes a las características de un promotor de salud (simpatía, empatía, responsabilidad y solidaridad), bajo el marco de la investigación participativa basada en la comunidad (IPBC), en cuatro escuelas primarias de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Debido a la emergencia sanitaria y la modalidad de trabajo en casa implementada desde marzo de 2020, la actividad se realizó en plataformas virtuales. Resultados. A través de un ejercicio participativo los compañeros de aula eligieron a 79 estudiantes que cumplían con las características para ser promotor de salud, quienes llevarán a cabo iniciativas dirigidas a toda la comunidad escolar en la siguiente fase del estudio. Conclusiones. La herramienta de teatro guiñol y el proceso participativo en la elección de niños promotores de salud se ejecutaron adecuadamente con ayuda de la comunicación en línea, siguiendo los principios de la IPBC.
Factores de vulnerabilidad social en población inmigrante nicaragüense empobrecida en Costa Rica, 2019
Authors: Hernandez Murillo Jason
Published: August 2022

Introducción: La población inmigrante nicaragüense es la más representativa en Costa Rica, y cuando se establece una comparación observa que hay mayores niveles de pobreza en hogares de migrantes en comparación con los de población autóctona, de tal forma que el propósito de esta investigación es conocer qué factores producen vulnerabilidad en estas viviendas. Metodología: Este es un estudio de abordaje cuantitativo utilizando la base de datos de ENAHO 2019 utilizada para medir pobreza, primeramente, en un alcance descriptivo mediante caracterizaciones de contingencias entre población de origen nicaragüense y autóctona y posteriormente, en uno explicativo mediante el uso de regresiones logísticas, para hallar significancia y reforzar los hallazgos. Resultados: Hay factores que ponen en graves situaciones de vulnerabilidad a población inmigrante nicaragüense empobrecida en los cuales se observó factores como la explotación laboral aunado a la falta de acceso a un seguro de salud. Es decir, estos serían los principales factores de vulnerabilidad social. Conclusiones: Se dejó en evidencia que la población inmigrante nicaragüense tiene carencias en mejores condiciones laborales y de acceso a seguros de salud, además es sometida a la marginalidad laboral, es decir que éstos, fungen como factores de vulnerabilidad, y que sirven para la obtención y explotación de mano de obra barata en las dinámicas capitalistas de personas en hogares con jefaturas inmigrantes nicaragüenses.
Presentación: Volumen 20, número 1
Authors: Murillo González Adrián , Barquero Jorge
Published: August 2022

El equipo editorial de la revista Población y Salud en Mesoamérica de la Universidad de Costa Rica se complace en presentar el volumen 20, número 1. Una compilación de artículos con los que la revista celebra su vigésima entrega de forma ininterrumpida en publicaciones relacionadas a la salud desde una perspectiva demográfica y social, contribuyendo de esta manera a mejorar la difusión de la investigación científica a nivel local y regional.
Eksplorasi dan karakterisasi keragaman plasma nutfah tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) di pulau Belitung
Authors: Kencana Yuditia Arta , Mustikarini Eries Dyah , Lestari Tri
Published: July 2022

Banyak sumber daya genetik penting yang masih belum teridentifikasi di Pulau Belitung salah satunya adalah tanaman padi. Kegiatan eksplorasi dan identifikasi menjadi langkah yang tepat untuk mendapatkan jenis tanaman padi baru pada kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan eksplorasi, karakterisasi, dan menentukan hubungan kekerabatan dan variabilitas padi di Pulau Belitung. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2020 hingga Mei 2021. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksplorasi dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Karakter yang diidentifikasi terdiri dari karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif. Analisis kekerabatan menggunakan program  NTSYS. Hasil penelitian didapatkan lima aksesi yaitu Rembiak, Siam, Cerai Merah, Ketan dan Merawang. Hasil uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) menunjukkan aksesi padi lokal Belitung memiliki perbedaan yang nyata pada karakter umur panen (α 5%). Hasil analisis hubungan kekerabatan pada karakter kualitatif terdapat 2 grup dengan koefisien 0,64 atau 64%, kuantitatif terdapat 4 grup dengan koefisien 0,28 atau 28% dan gabungan dari karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif terdapat 4 grup dengan koefisien 0,33 atau 33%. Aksesi padi yang diperoleh terdapat variabilitas genetik luas yaitu pada karakter jumlah biji total serta variabilitas fenotip yang luas yaitu pada tinggi tanaman, umur panen dan berat 1000 benih.ABSTRACTMany important genetic resources have not identified yet on the Belitung Island, one of which is rice plant. Exploration and identification activities are the right steps to get a new type of rice plant in plant breeding activities. The objectives of research were to explore, characterize, and determine the relationship and variability of rice on Belitung Island. The experiment was conducted from December 2020 to May 2021. Research used exploratory  methods with purposive sampling technique.The identified character consisted of qualitative and quantitative characters. Kinship analysis using the NTSYS program. The results of the study obtained five accessions namely Rembiak, Siam, Cerai Merah, Ketan and Merawang. Least Significance Different (LSD) results showed that local rice accession had a noticeable difference in the character of the harvest age (α 5%)." The results of the analysis of relationships in qualitative character there were 2 groups with coefficients of 0.64 or 64%, quantitative there were 4 grup with coefficients of 0.28 or 28% and a combination of qualitative and quantitative characters there were 4 groups with coefficients of 0.33 or 33%. Rice accession obtained contained extensive genetic variability in the character of the total number of seeds as well as wide phenotype variability on the plant height, harvest age and weight of 1000 seeds.