bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern ICT Network Simulator for Co-Simulations in Smart Grid Applications
Authors: Niehaus Fabian , Fraune Bastian , Gritzan Giacomo , Sethmann Richard
Published: March 2022

The current transformation of power grids towards smart grids and the associated increase in the use of ICT technologies lead to an increased attack surface via the communication network. Holistic, multi-domain co-simulations can be used to evaluate the possibilities for, and impacts of, ICT-based attacks on these grids. This paper presents an ICT network simulator that can be used in co-simulation environments. It outlines requirements for this kind of simulation tool and provides insight into how these requirements can be met. In addition, co-simulation use cases for the simulator arising from different research projects are laid out. Finally, the simulator’s functionalities in co-simulation environments are verified with a practical application example. This application shows that our simulator (rettij) is able to exchange data with other simulators through a co-simulation interface. It also demonstrates our simulators capabilities to perform real-world ICT attacks on realistic network topologies.
Ontology for Effective Security Incident Management
Authors: Chockalingam Sabarathinam , Maathuis Clara
Published: March 2022

With the evolution of technologies like Internet of Things (IoTs), there will be more and more connected devices in use around the world. This is one of the reasons why cyber security is critical to contemporary society as it makes the large majority susceptible to cyber-attacks. Such cyber-attacks not only impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability but also can cause physical damage. This is evident from cyber-attacks like Stuxnet and German steel mill. Effective security incident management plays an important role in minimising negative impact of such attacks mainly in terms of the organizations’ finance, reputation, and personnel safety. Typically, the main phases of security incident management include: (i) preparation, (ii) mid-incident, and (iv) post-incident. There are diverse set of concepts like Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) and Incident Object Description Exchange Format (IODEF) in the above-mentioned phases of security incident management. However, a comprehensive overview of different concepts and the relationships between such concepts in security incident management is missing. In this paper, we develop an ontology model with relevant concepts and their corresponding relationships between them especially in the mid-incident and post-incident phases of security incident management. Furthermore, we demonstrate the proposed ontology model using colonial pipeline example case study. The proposed model will help incident responders to operationalise concepts, by having a clear understanding on different concepts and their corresponding relationships, which in turn would also make the incident response more effective in practice.
Defending Small Satellites from Malicious Cybersecurity Threats
Authors: Lin Banks , Henry Wayne , Dill Richard
Published: March 2022

The connection between space and cyberspace domains is increasingly intertwined. Advancements in space technology, decreasing costs for satellite development, and the use of commercial off-the-shelf products present many cybersecurity challenges to space infrastructure.  Additionally, space-based global critical infrastructure makes the space domain a prime target for malicious cyber threats.  Software-defined radios introduce a potential attack vector for adversaries planning malicious satellite activity.  This paper demonstrates how an adversary would send malicious commands via a software-defined radio to affect the integrity of the sensors on the satellite running NASA's core Flight System software. The experiment demonstrates one possible threat vector using a commercially available USRP N210 software-defined radio. The results show that well-constructed messages can be created to manipulate sensors on a target small satellite system.  Identifying cybersecurity vulnerabilities like these in space systems can improve security and prevent disruptions for the global space enterprise.
Exploration on APTs in Biocybersecurity and Cyberbiosecurity
Authors: Palmer Xavier-Lewis , Potter Lucas , Karahan Saltuk
Published: March 2022

Novel and complex digital threats that are increasingly interwoven with means and products of biology that can affect society. Much work in Biocybersecurity/Cyberbiosecurity (BCS/CBS) discuss vulnerabilities, but few deeply address malicious actor varieties as attacks at this intersection are new. The path to those attacks remains mostly theoretical, presenting considerable difficulty to accomplish in practical scenarios. In terms of advanced persistent threats (APTs) this of course needs to change as biomanufacturing facilities are at risk, considering Covid-19 and other potential pandemics. Further attacks are not out of reach and thus we must start to imagine how BCS APTs may appear. This paper in progress aims to open discussion regarding the definition of the concept BCS/CBS APTs and their implications, as well as create call to action for increased attention.
Experiencias académicas y sentido de identidad en estudiantes indígenas de educación primaria, media superior y superior
Authors: Flores-De la Cruz Ana Claudia , Arán-Sánchez Ana , Burrola-Herrera Jazmín Ivette
Published: March 2022

Indigenous groups have been historically, economically, socially and educationally marginalized; a phenomenon whose reperfusions still echo in present times. The efforts that have been undertaken in different areas through public policies and educational reforms have not reached the necessary scope, showing an unavoidable need to generate a real and permanent change. In this respect, first person testimonies of those involved to achieve a favorable evolution in this regard. This study uses the phenomenological method to analyze the academic experiences of 36 indigenous students of elementary, highschool or university level, of regular schools as well as indigenous ones, who live in the states of Durango and Chihuahua. It also examines their sense of identity related to their customs and traditions. The inclusion criteria that was considered for the participants was that they had to belong to an indigenous group. This research positions itself in the interpretative framework and qualitative approach, using the in depth interview and questionnaire as techniques. The obtained information was analyzed and classified in the following categories, according to the purpose of the research: customs and traditions, sense of belonging, classroom experiences and relationship with non-indigenous classmates. The results of this paper show the strong sense of belonging of the students toward their communities of origin, |but they admit that the migration to the city and discriminatory experiences have led them to stop using their native language and traditional attires. In regards to the academic aspect, they share positive experiences related to the coexistence with their classmates and their professors’ teaching approach, nevertheless, they express a sense of deficiency towards their Spanish use, and even to have endured marginalization in team work because of it. The paper concludes on the importance of guaranteeing the right to use and preserve the native language and particular cultural manifestations, as well as providing a truly intercultural educational model.
English Vocabulary Learning Application For Students of SD Negeri Cibatu, Tasikmalaya Regency
Authors: Laura Laura
Published: March 2022

Teaching that seems conventional can cause students to find it difficult to understand the material presented by the teacher, as a result, student interest in learning will result in a decrease and have an impact on student achievement. Starting from this, learning by using multimedia that uses media elements such as animation, text, and images that are packaged in a container that is interactive, creative, and fun in order to attract students to increase student interest in learning. Based on the aforementioned background, the purpose and benefit of this research is to build an application for learning English vocabulary for elementary school students in grades 1, 2 and 3 using macromedia flash. It is hoped that this learning application can be used as an application that helps teachers in the learning process,
WEB-Based Decision Support System for Mobile Selection using the Simple Additive Weighting Method
Authors: Suroso Agnesdea Meiti
Published: March 2022

Along with the development of mobile phones in Indonesia, people from various professions are very dependent on mobile phones. Problems arise when these developments are not accompanied by a system that supports the selection of the right cellphone and according to the criteria of each user. A web-based decision support system for the selection of mobile phones using the simple additive weighting method is a web-based information system that can be used to assist prospective mobile phone buyers in choosing the right cellphone and according to the criteria. In this system the user will give weight to the main criteria, namely price, brand, depreciation, RAM, camera, screen, battery, and features. The weighting must be with a total of 100 percent.
Influence Of Book Value Per Share, Net Income And Dividends To Merket Value Per Share On Manufacture Companies Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Harahap Aulia Rahman
Published: March 2022

This research has a purpose to determine the influence of book value per share, net income, and dividends to market value per share on manufacture companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The hypothesis proposed: There is an influence of the book value per share, net income, and dividends on market value per share either partially or simultaneously. This research is classified as a causal research. Population used in this research were manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2008- 2011 where the total population used is 120 manufacture companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique in which the number of samples obtained in this research were 19 companies. Data used in this research is secondary data. This research hypothesis are tested using multiple regression analysis with classical assumption test and goodness of fit to test the hypothesis. The results shows that either partially or simultaneously book value per share, net income, and dividends significantly influence the market value per share on manufacture companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Adjusted R square value is 0,741 indicating that 74,1% change in stock market value can be explained by the independent variables used in this research. The remaining 25,9% is explained by other factors not included in the regression model.
A Oil Palm Harvest Grouping Using K-Medoids Algorithm
Authors: Angraini Dessy Dwi , Safii M. , Anggraini Fitri
Published: March 2022

Oil palm (Elaies Guinnnsiss Jacq) is one of the important industrial crops producing cooking oil, industrial oil, and fuel. Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. The rest of the processing of oil palm fruit is called janjang. Janjang also serves to be used as compost. The data that is processed in this research is the harvest data at PT. Surya Intisariraya Mandau. Data mining is the process of looking for patterns or information in selected data using certain techniques or methods. The processing steps are grouped using the K-Medoids method and then the data will be processed using RapidMiner tools. Where this grouping is done to minimize the amount of similarity of data and appropriate so that it becomes more valid data. This study aims to simplify the grouping of harvest data based on high, medium and low clusters.
The Responsibility Of A Shop House Tenant (Ruko) If Demage Happen When The Rental Agreement Ends
Authors: Tambunan Minstyn
Published: March 2022

In the era of increasing population growth, the need for housing is also increasing, but the area of ??land needed is decreasing, for that, the way to overcome this is to build houses or shop houses for rent. However, not all people can afford to build these houses or shophouses. Therefore, a house or shophouse rental agreement was made. The problem in this study is how the procedure for a shop house rental agreement occurs between the parties, what are the rights and obligations of the parties in the shophouse rental agreement and what is the responsibility of the shop house tenant if it occurs. damage when the lease agreement expires. This research was conducted in the city of Medan.This research is descriptive. The approach method used is the normative juridical method and the empirical juridical method. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods are library data and field studies. Data were collected using a questionnaire. After collecting the data, it was analyzed qualitatively.The shophouse rental agreement entered into by the parties begins with an agreement which is then included in a contract that they have drawn up themselves. The shop owner's obligations are to provide shop-houses that are suitable for use, hand over shop-keys, provide supporting facilities (for example: water, PAM, electricity and telephone), not to lease back to other parties during the current lease period, ask the tenant whether this is done extension of the lease at the shophouse and submit supporting documents in the agreement. Meanwhile, the tenant's obligation is to pay the rent for the shop, to maintain the condition of the shop properly, to pay the budget for the tenant's fees (for example: water, electricity and telephone). If there is damage to the shop at the time the lease agreement ends
Short Message Services (SMS) Fraud Against Mobile Telephone Provider Consumer Review From Law Number 8 Of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection
Authors: Duha Novanema
Published: March 2022

Technological advances, especially in the telecommunications sector, are growing very rapidly. One of the communication products/tools created is a cellular phone/mobile phone. The development of this technology does not rule out the possibility of fraudulent short message service (SMS) via cellular phones against consumers. The presence of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection as a form of protecting consumers against fraud via SMS. The problems raised in writing this thesis are how to protect the rights of consumers of cellular phone providers, then how to protect personal information and data of cellular phone provider consumers, and how to protect consumers from fraud through short message service (SMS). The research method used in writing this thesis is a normative juridical legal research method, namely by collecting data from various references either through books, legislation, websites, and other reference sources. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the rights of consumers of cellular phone providers refer to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. While the protection of personal information and data is not specifically regulated, but partially regulated in Law Number 36 of 1999 concerning Telecommunications and Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Furthermore, legal protection efforts for cellular phone provider consumers against fraud committed via SMS, can be in the form of preventive legal remedies and repressive legal remedies, and preventive actions can be taken for fraud through SMS.
Decision Support System for Determining the Position of Players in a Football Team Using the Simple Multi At Tribute Rating Technique
Authors: Iyai Simeon Sergius
Published: March 2022

One of the keys to a team's victory in a soccer match is about the composition of players or the placement of a player's position in accordance with the abilities he has in the team. In general, the determination process is carried out manually based on the trainer's estimates. In this way, it is impossible to know the value of a formation/team with a certain composition of players. In this study, the authors create a decision support system that can assist the coach in determining the most appropriate players to occupy a position in the team formation. Various assessment factors that become decision variables in this system will be taken into consideration in choosing their position. The assessment factors used are weight (kg), height (m), assessment of tactical assessment techniques, psychological assessment, physical assessment, knowledge of a player who is judged when a player makes attacks, defenses, transitions, scoring per position: goalkeeper, back, center, front. The author uses the Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method because it is considered the most suitable in this case. By considering various attributes, the value of each player, the value of the player in a formation, and the value of a team formation can be obtained with good results.
Development of Android Applications as an Operating System Media for Learning Electronic Control Competencies in ClassXI students SMKN 2 Pengasih
Authors: Yuntoto Singgih
Published: March 2022

At this time the learning process by teachers rarely uses technology and learning media. Students have difficulty using learning media. The limitation of tools is an obstacle in accessing learning media. This research is a type of development research. The product development model adopts a software development model consisting of (1) software requirements analysis, (2) design, (3) code writing and (4) testing. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and questionnaires. The testing phase is carried out with product validation by experts, testing on first users (teachers) and testing on end users (students). The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. The results of this study are: (1) the android application model for appropriate learning media on the competence of operating the electronic control system includes preparation, the subject matter of the operation of the electronic control system, and the evaluation model of choice questions; (2) test the functionality of the android application for appropriate learning media on the competence of operating an electronic control system including ease of navigation, application performance and ease of operation; (3) the feasibility of the android application for appropriate learning media on the competence of operating the electronic control system, based on the performance of the application it can run well. Based on the converted average assessment with a score range of 0-100, the score from media experts was obtained with a score of 83.33 in the "very feasible" category, the assessment by material experts with a score of 71.
Using Fly Ash And Bottom Ash Boiler Of Palm Oil Factories As Adsorbents For Adsorption Of Color In Artificial Liquid Waste
Authors: Telaumbanua Juang Jaya Putra
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the ability of battom ash and fly ash in adsorbing artificial wastewater dye (PtCo) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with three variations of adsorbent used in adsorption column. This research begins with the process of washing, drying and sieving adsorbent. Then proceed with the activation process of adsorbent using HCl 1 M which is heated at 90 0C for 1 hour accompanied by stirring. The adsorption system used is continuous (column) with up-flow flow pattern and using the pump to provide pressure so that the influent can pass through the adsorbent contained in the column. The characteristic analysis of adsorbent was done on moisture content, ash content, and iodine absorption. The highest moisture content and ash content obtained were 0.6% with fly ash adsorbent before activation and 0.285% with fly ash adsorbent after activation. Compared with SNI 06-3730-95 has been appropriate, while the iodine drainage from bottom ash was 35.38 mg/g and fly ash of 50.76 mg/g and none meet SNI 06-3730- 95 of 750 mg/g. The highest efficiency results in dye and COD were found in adsorption column with fly ash adsorbent with color value of 96.96% and COD concentration of 83.26%, followed by stratified columns with combined adsorbent between battom ash and fly ash with color values of 53 , 93% and COD of 62.82%, and adsorbent by using battom ash efficiency of highest color value of 53.03% and COD of 71.08%. The highest adsorption capacity was obtained by using adsorption column with battom ash and fly ash (BF) adsorbent of 8.42 mg/g, followed by fly ash (FA) of 7.53 mg/g and battom ash (BA) of 7, 37 mg/g.
Comparisonal Analysis Of Incremental Conductance And Perturb And Observe Methods As MPPT Algorithm In Photovoltaic System
Authors: Zulhelmi Taufik Alfajri
Published: March 2022

Photovoltaic is a semiconductor device that utilizes photon energy from the sun to be converted into electrical energy. The electrical energy produced by photovoltaic is optimized by a system called Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). MPPT will find the optimal working point of the photovoltaic and keep it always working at that point. In this study, the methods used to find the optimal work point are Incremental Conductance and Perturb and Observe. MPPT is connected to the Boost Converter as a photovoltaic voltage controller. The analysis of the two MPPT methods was carried out through simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. The photovoltaic model is designed with reference to the KS80M-36 photovoltaic model. The MPPT system that has been designed is then simulated and its performance is seen. The MPPT system that has been designed using the Incremental Conductance algorithm and the Perturb and Observe algorithm has succeeded in finding the optimal photovoltaic working point and is able to respond to changes in environmental conditions by finding new optimal working points. The two MPPT systems are also able to make photovoltaic work at that optimal point. The Incremental Conductance algorithm has a power ratio of 96%, while the Perturb and Observe algorithm has a power ratio of 95.4%. The MPPT system that has been designed using the Incremental Conductance algorithm and the Perturb and Observe algorithm has succeeded in finding the optimal photovoltaic working point and is able to respond to changes in environmental conditions by finding new optimal working points. The two MPPT systems are also able to make photovoltaic work at that optimal point. The Incremental Conductance algorithm has a power ratio of 96%, while the Perturb and Observe algorithm has a power ratio of 95.4%.
Neumonía por coinfección de Aspergillus fumigatus y Pneumocystis jirovecii en un paciente no VIH: Reporte de caso
Authors: Martinez Montalvo Carlos Mauricio , Antonio Perez Manuel , Fuentes-Lacouture María Cynthia , Bravo Mena Karime , Leal Bernal Sofía Fernanda , Magdalena Velasco Yulieth , Charria Caicedo Melissa , Estrada Serrano Natalia
Published: March 2022

La aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva es una enfermedad presente principalmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos con alta carga de mortalidad. La neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii es una infección oportunista potencialmente mortal que afecta a pacientes inmunocomprometidos por diversas etiologías. La coinfección por estos patógenos en pacientes inmunocompetentes es inusual. Reportamos un caso de un paciente sin las causas tradicionales de inmunocompromiso  en el desarrollo de una  neumonía en  coinfección por Aspergillus fumigatus y Pneumocystis jirovecii.
Testing of thoron cross-interference of continuous radon measuring instruments
Authors: Turtiainen Tuukka , Mitev Krasimir , Dehqanzada Rohafza , Holmgren Olli , Georgiev Strahil
Published: March 2022

Thoron (220Rn) may interfere with radon (222Rn) measurements, if present. We measured the thoron cross-interference (CI) signal of nine types of electronic radon instruments in constant thoron concentration without the presence of radon. The CI signal increases for the first 3 days of the exposure. Also, the initial interference signal may vary between instruments. Therefore, we propose a new test method for quantifying the thoron CI in radon measuring instruments. This includes exposure of the instrument in constant thoron concentration for a minimum of 3 days and fitting the acquired data in a simplified function, which will provide two parameters: initial and final CI.
CHALLENGES IN INITIATION OF TREATMENT OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT-TB PATIENTS: A HOSPITAL BASED CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN JHARKHAND.
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Chandra Keshav , Kumar Chandramani , Sunderem Shalini , Sircar Shubhashish
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis has become major public health problem and
obstacle to effective control of tuberculosis. Over a period of time, there are several landmark
achievements including policy and system preparedness for universal access to TB care including mandatory notication of TB
cases, development of standard for TB care in India, comprehensive real time TB information management system-NIKSHAY,
use of rapid molecular diagnostics, successful innovations in private sector engagement for TB care-Universal access to TB
care. Objective was to nd out the challenges in initiation of treatment of Multi Drug Resistant-TB patients get admitted in ITKI
Sanatorium Ranchi Jharkhand.
METHODS: It was a hospital based cross sectional study carried out from August 2016 to Nov.2018 on Multi drug resistant
tuberculosis patients admitted in MDR-TB centre Itki Sanatorium Ranchi after approved from institutional ethics committee.
Total study subjects included in study was 64.
RESULTS: Most of the study subjects 58 (90.6%) did not know about the MDR-TB. Most of the study subjects 40 (62.5%) had been
given reports of CB-NAAT test on same day followed by study subjects 24 (37.5%) on alternate day. No one study subjects 64
(100%) had been given any type of incentive for travelling to pretreatment evaluation centre. In above table, most of the patients
51 (79.7%) had made payment for investigations at district hospital/ SDH level followed by 13 (20.3%) who were free of any
expenditure for investigations. Most of the study subjects 60 (93.7%) were not visited by any health staff between nal diagnosis
of MDR-TB and initiation of treatment for MDR-TB followed by subjects 4 (6.3%) who were being visited by health staff. Most of
the study subjects 48 (75%) were unaware about the NIKSHAY POSHAN SCHEME for MDR-TB patients followed by subjects 16
(25%) who knew about the NIKSHAY POSHAN SCHEME for MDR-TB patients by means of various medium.
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Thiyagarajan Manuneethimaran , P Jayapriya
Published: March 2022

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of blood clots in deep veins, commonly the leg veins and the
pelvic veins. DVT is a potentially fatal condition leading to increased mortality and morbidity if not
diagnosed and treated promptly.Incidence is more prevalent in 60- 65 years of age because of increased pro-coagulant factors
like factor VIII, factor VII, homocysteine, brinogen. With the increase in age the risk of DVT development increases
exponentially.All bed ridden patients should receive sequential compression device therapy as primary DVT prophylaxis in the
form of intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPCDs), graduated compression stocking (GCS), and the venous foot
pump.The pharmacological agents used in the prophylaxis of DVT include low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH),
fondaparinux, Unfractionated heparin (UFH), new oral direct selective thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors.The
complications of DVT include development of Pulmonary embolism (PE) , Paradoxical emboli, Recurrent DVT, Post thrombotic
syndrome. Approximately 4% individuals treated for DVT develop PE. It accounts for 10-12% mortality rate in hospitalized
patients.The prevention and treatment must be upgraded continuously with evidence base strategies. This article aims at
reviewing the clinical presentation, diagnostic and treatment modalities of DVT
DYSPHAGIA FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CERVICAL SPINE SURGERY: A TWO YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Bhuyan Mrinal , Jeet Deka Nayan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Incidence of dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery is not uncommon, in
studies it has ranged from 2% to 60%. Most studies in have been done in a retrospective manner which
have doubtful conclusions. We have followed up 212 case of anterior cervical spine surgery for two years and documented the
risk factors in patients developing dysphagia in the follow-up period.
Aims & objectives: To nd the incidence and risk factor for dysphagia in anterior cervical spine surgery.
Materials & method: st It's a prospective study where patients under went operation in our institute in the year from 1 january2018
st st to 31 December 2019. We have completed our follow up in 31 December 2021.
Results: Proportion analysis (chi-square or a Fisher Exact Test), prevalence ratios, and 95% condence intervals were used for
data analysis. Female gender(p <0.03), revision surgeries (p <0.01) and more than 3 level surgeries( p<0.03) seems to be some
important risk factors.
Conclusion: study concluded that female gender, revision surgeries and surgery done in ≥ 3 cervical levels are at risk for
dysphagia.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENT'S FEEDBACK ON DIFFERENT FORMATS OF WRITTEN ASSESSMENT IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Sinharay Manali , Karmakar Arindam
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE: To assess the undergraduate medical student's preference among different formats of
written assessment.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study was conducted on Phase I and phase II undergraduate medical students with
prior information and consent. Lecture was delivered on a topic for both phases followed by a test with same question in different
formats and a questionnaire on student's feedback on these formats.
RESULTS: Majority of students of both phases preferred Multiple choice questions over other three formats as it was easier to
answer, time saving, enjoyable, can fetch more marks and free of evaluator bias. Other formats also had their advantages and
drawbacks.
CONCLUSION:Assessment of any format of written assessments can usually assess any level of cognitive domain with properly
framed questions and model answers although students may prefer a particular one.
EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Shiva Shiva , Sinha Chitra
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION: Ectopic Pregnancy is dened as implantation and development of the blastocyst at a site other than the uterine cavity. In a
normal pregnancy, the zygote enters the uterine cavity in the form of Morula 4 days after fertilization and implantation in the endometrium begins
6-7 days after fertilization. In a small percentage of pregnancies, however, the embryo implants in extra uterine locations leading to an ectopic
pregnancy. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube.
Ectopic pregnancy is one of the main cause of maternal death in early pregnancy. In an ectopic pregnancy, as the pregnancy continues, it can cause
the tube to rupture with internal bleeding. This situation is life threatening and needs to be treated as a medical emergency.
AIM: The present study is undertaken to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of ectopic
pregnancy in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department at Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna.
Type of study: Prospective study
Study period: 2 years (November 2019 to October 2021)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department at Patna Medical College &
Hospital,Patna.Medicalrecords of allwomenwith an ectopic pregnancy betweenNovember 2019 andOctober 2021 are analyzed.The total number of
admissions and deliveries during the study period, details of age characteristics, symptoms and signs, gravida, gestational age at presentation, site of
ectopicpregnancy,riskfactorsfor ectopicpregnancy,diagnosticmodality, andtreatment(whethersurgicalormedical) are recorded.
RESULT: A total of 12,316 admissions and 9740 deliveries are conducted in the study period. 77 patients are diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy
during the study period of 2 years. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 3.1 per 1000 patients-year. 62.34% of the patients are in the range of 21-30
years of age. In the present study, ectopic pregnancy is found more in multigravida and only 11.69% of the patients are primigravida. The mean
gestational age at presentation is 7.25 weeks period of gestation with majority of the patients (46.75%) presenting at 6-8 weeks. The most common
risk factor is previous history of ectopic pregnancy followed by history of Pelvic Inammatory Disease. 75 patients out of total of 77 patients
presented with features of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is ampulla of fallopian tube with 69.74% of the
patients falling in this. Medical Management with single dose Methotrexate was done in 2 patients who presented with un-ruptured ectopic
pregnancy.
CONCLUSION: Patient with risk factor for ectopic pregnancy should be encouraged to visit her obstetrician for an early diagnosis. PMCH being
a tertiary care centre, most of the cases are referred, hence in the present study most of the patients presented very late with ruptured ectopic
pregnancy. This being a medical emergency, immediate resuscitation and laparotomy is done in them.
HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC STATUS PRESENTING AS STROKE MIMIC – A CASE PRESENTATION
Authors: Mukesh Reddy Palamakkula , Nandyala Venkateswarlu , Kailas Nikhita , Reddy P Rakesh
Published: March 2022

Background: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is one of two serious metabolic derangements that occur in patients with diabetes mellitus
(DM). Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state can lead to hyper viscosity which can be considered as a cause for cerebral vascular accident. We present
a case of stroke mimic presenting rst time with hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is one of two
serious metabolic derangements that occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state can lead to hyper viscosity
which can be considered as a cause for cerebral vascular accident. A case of stroke mimic presenting rst time with hyperglycemia and
hyperosmolarity. Relevant history from literature has been presented
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS AMONG COLLEGE GOING MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES.
Authors: Shilpa Shilpa , Kushwaha Sushmita , Rohilla Rajesh , Gupta Divya , Khokhar Arya
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Milk is a complex, nutritious product that contains more than 100 substances namely water, carbohydrate and proteins. It is an
excellent source of most minerals required for the growth of the younger population.
Purpose: To compare nutritional knowledge and practice of milk and milk products among college going male and female athletes within the age
group of 18-24 years.
Method: The sampling of research project was done on the basis of random sample selection method. Atotal of 60 athletes within the age group of
18-24 years were selected. 30 female and 30 males were selected in Group A and B respectively. Selected athletes went through a structured
questionnaire, an interview and anthropometric measurements and the data was collected.
Result: 98% of the athletes were Hindu, while the rest were from other different religions. As for the eating habits 54% of them were vegetarian.
90% of athletes were living in their homes. 77% of female athletes and 90% of male athletes were consuming milk every day. 75% of athletes
consume milk because they think milk is nutritious. 80% female athletes and 69% male athletes have knowledge about the milk and its benets.
Conclusion: Data showed that male athletes were more aware about benets of consumption of milk and milk product and also consumes them
regularly compared to female athletes.
NEONATAL DEATHS IN EMPOWERED ACTION GROUP STATES: MULTILEVEL MODELING TO STUDY THE WITHIN DISTRICT EDUCATION EFFECT ON NEONATAL SURVIVAL
Authors: Pandey Ajay , Sharma Richa
Published: March 2022

Neonatal Deaths are deaths that occur during rst 28 days of life. It is still very high in demographically poor performing States in India termed as
Empowered Action Group (EAG) States. Study using the National Family Health Survey-4 data suggests high neonatal death burden in EAG
States including Odisha. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest neonatal death at 51.6 deaths per 1000 live births and the lowest was recorded in
Uttarakhand at 32.3 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births. Neonatal deaths in Chhattisgarh were recorded as 48.2 deaths per 1000 live births,
followed by Odisha at 46.9, Madhya Pradesh at 44.9, Bihar at 41.9, Jharkhand at 39.2, Assam at 36.1 and Rajasthan at 34.4 per 1000 live births. The
parametric Cox Hazard model was used to study the unobserved heterogeneity. The Weibull distribution shape parameter value greater than one
suggests considerable unobserved heterogeneity in the data. Considering district as unit of analysis (group level variable), attempt was made to
capture the between district individual variations in neonatal deaths with regard to women educated 12+grades within districts. The low levels of
Intra Class Correlation are suggestive of individual level variations than group level differences in studying the variations in neonatal deaths.
IMPACT OF INCLUSION EDUCATION ON ATTITUDE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION OF STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DISABILITIES
Authors: Vaghrodia Samir , Patel Hitesh
Published: March 2022

Inclusive education lets children with varied background learn and thrive together in a way that benets them all equally. When children with and
without disabilities work together they are building an environment that accepts everyone the way they are rather than differentiate them. Inclusive
education strategies help these children builds stronger bonds and imbibe values like empathy and kindness. However, limited research has been
conducted on the actual behaviors of students among those with and without disabilities regarding social inclusion. This study aims to examine the
attitude and social interaction of students with and without disabilities in inclusive education system.
Neuromielitis Óptica y su respuesta con Recambio PlasmáticoTerapéutico
Authors: Nolasco-Cardona María Elena , López-Paz Sisa , Rivera-Mejía Ronald Virgilio , Murga-Gladys✝ Beatriz , Gil José Rodolfo
Published: March 2022

Masculino de 35 años, con disminución gradual bilateral de la agudeza visual de 5 semanas de evolución. Se realiza campimetría, evidenciando 0% de campo visual en ojo izquierdo y 84% en ojo derecho con hemianopsia temporal, por lo que se realizan estudios de imagen para descartar lesión en quiasma óptico. Tanto la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) como la resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral, evidencian inflamación en el entrecruzamiento del nervio óptico hacia el cerebro (neuritis óptica). Así mismo, se le realiza estudio inmunológico para la detección de anticuerpos anti acuaporina 4 (anti-AQP4) siendo éste positivo, por lo que se trata como neuromielitis óptica (NMO), fue tratado con esteroides a altas dosis, pero no se observó ninguna mejoría, por lo que apoyado en las guías de tratamiento de la Sociedad Americana de Aféresis (ASFA), Recambio Plasmático Terapéutico (RPT) / plasmaféresis terapéutica, dando resultados positivos desde la primera sesión.
The Organization of the Genetic Code
Authors: Kak Subhash
Published: March 2022

The genetic code
has two puzzling anomalies: first, when viewed as 64 sub-cubes of a 4x4x4 cube, the codons for serine (S) are not contiguous;
and there are amino acid codons with zero redundancy, which goes counter to the
objective of error-correction. To make sense of this, the paper shows that the
genetic code must be viewed not only on stereochemical, coevolution, and
error-correction considerations, but also on two additional factors of
significance to natural systems, that of an information-theoretic dimensionality
of the code data, which requires that the optimum natural code, as opposed to
an engineered one, be characterized by e-dimensionality,
and the principle of maximum entropy. One implication of noninteger
dimensionality is self-similarity to different scales, and it is shown that the
genetic code does satisfy this property, and it is further shown that the
maximum entropy principle operates through the scrambling of the elements in
the sense of maximal algorithmic information complexity. These two additional
considerations explain several aspects of its organization.
Efficacy of the Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Carica Papaya and Azadirachta Indica against Wood Termite (Odontotermes Badius) in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpan A.U. , Ehisianya C.N. , Ukpai O.M. , Johnny I.I. , Oboho D.E. , Sam M.E. , Usanga E.E.
Published: March 2022

Evaluation of the efficacy of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica against the wood termite (Odontotermes badius) was carried out in the Botany garden, University of Uyo main campus, Akwa Ibom State. The phytochemical properties of the extracts were carried out in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, using the standard procedures. The untreated wood (Ceiba pentandra) was cut into 60 pieces of equal sizes of 11cmx8cm. 40ml and 80ml concentrations (Using 100ml unit syringe) of each of the extracts of the leave and stem parts of C. papaya and A. indica were applied on the woods using soft-faced brush, the control treated with water. The treated woods well marked using marker together with the control were inserted horizontally into the termitarium and were monitored for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The data collected were analyzed using two ways Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and their means separated using p < 0.05 probability. The phytochemical screening result of aqueous and methanolic extract of C. papaya and A. indica indicates the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpernoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and anthraquinine. In conclusion, from the results showed that the methanolic plant extract of C. papaya and A. indica leaves and stem offered greater effectiveness for wood protection against termite (O. badius) compared to aqueous extracts of the plants.
Investigating conjunctive household electric power supply in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: J.O Fasakin , J.O Basorun , S.E Okosun , O.A Abel
Published: March 2022

Nigeria is among the top three countries with the largest electricity deficits in the
world, paradoxically, Nigeria has become legendary for fits and starts in domestic
electric power supply to homes of her citizens. Community, state and national interventions had little impact. This study looks at citizen initiatives to attain domestic energy security in Ado-Ekiti Nigeria- a medium sized state capital (Ekiti state). The study adopted a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study specifically investigated the socio-economic characteristics of the residents (age, family size, educational status and monthly income), sources of modern domestic electric power supply, including cleaner electric energy strategies. It is an empirical research that used simple random sampling to select 1029 cases from a frame of 30,195, who supplied information through the questionnaire instrument. The research methods include comparative analysis, indepth fieldwork, observation, interviews, collation and information derived from research institutes. Research findings showed a variety of sources utilized by residents to meet their energy needs. Among the rich, the use of solar panels to argument public power supply was common. The middle class combined generators with public supply. The poor were content to use candles and kerosene lamps when public supply failed. Energy reform, directed at nationalisation, adequate funding of the grid and decentralization, innovation in energy technology, such as solar power were recommended to improve the energy sector of the state and lessen hardship for the citizens.
Concordance Rate Between Examination of EGFR Mutation Blood Plasma Sample (ctDNA) With Citological/Histopathological Sample in Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer
Authors: Wulaningrum Dian Utami , Setijadi Ana Rima , Suradi Suradi
Published: March 2022

Background: Most adenocarcinoma lung cancer which is found at an advanced stage with cytology / histopathological samples is hardly available. Examination of EGFR mutations in ctDNA blood plasma sampling is simpler and easier, which also can be used as predictive and prognostic markers in non-small cell carcinoma lung cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyse the degree of compatibility between examination of EGFR mutations by blood plasma (ctDNA) samples with the examination of cytology / histopathological EGFR mutations in adenocarcinoma lung cancer.

Methods: Diagnostic test research, by taking medical records of patients with adenocarcinoma lung cancer from January to September 2019 at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta, who was examined by EGFR mutations in cytology / histopathology and ctDNA samples.

Result: The Subjects of this study were 73 patients with adenocarcinoma lung cancer. The level of compatibility of ctDNA with EGFR mutations in cytology / histopathology samples was categorized as moderate and statistically significant (Kappa = 0.459; p = 0.000).

Conclusion: The level of concordance between the examination of EGFR mutations with blood plasma samples (ctDNA) with the examination of EGFR mutations in cytology / histopathology samples was moderate and statistically significant.
Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Syahruddin Elisna , Cahyadi Dian , Setiaputra Setiaputra
Published: March 2022

Background: Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a protein found in tumor cells that could inactivate T-cells. This research was done to identify the characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma patients to PD-L1 expression in Medan. 
Method: Descriptive research with a cross-sectional design was used and the study was done for 12 months (January – December 2018). Sample’s collection was done at RSUP (Central Public Hospital) H. Adam Malik and the samples diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma based on histopathological subtyping were sent to the laboratory of Dharmais Jakarta Hospital where the Ventana 22C3 Immunohistochemistry Staining was done.
Results: Staining was done in 52 samples at Dharmais Jakarta Hospital and only 35 samples were deemed acceptable. In this study, participants’ ages ranged from 40 to 60 years, where the majority were male patients, 31 (88.6%) and 33 patients (82.5%) were at an advanced stage (III and IV).
Conclusion: The study found that the PD-L1 expression was mostly observed in male at the age range of 40 – 60 years and stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients with Tumour Proportion Score (TPS) of 1 – 49%.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ATAS KEMATIAN MAHASISWA PADA KEGIATAN PENDIDIKAN DAN LATIHAN DASAR (DIKLATSAR) RESIMEN MAHASISWA (MENWA)
Authors: Husnulwati Sri , Yanuarsi Susi
Published: March 2022

The Student Regiment is an organization that serves as a forum to meet students' needs for organizational skills. But if in its implementation this organization performs actions such as persecution, it is necessary to conduct an evaluation related to the existence of this organization. This paper aims to find out how the legal review of the death of students during menwa training. The research method used in this study is a normative method of law. The results of this study are, (a) Violations that refer to the basic rules of the organization can be subject to actions in the form of sanctions that lead to the revocation of permits by the Rectorate, (b) If in the implementation of activities such as training there is persecution leading to death then the organizing committee can be subject to legal action referring to Article 351 paragraph (1) jo. paragraph (3) of the Criminal Code (Criminal Code).