bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of Two T1 Substaging Systems (T1a/b/c and T1m/e) Better Predicts Tumor Outcomes in Patients with T1 High Grade Bladder Cancer
Authors: Yang Tao , Fan Junjie , Pei Xinqi , Liang Hua , Fan Jinhai
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

T1 substaging is a predictive factor for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and two types of T1 substaging systems (T1a/b/c and T1m/e) are currently in use. However, the predictive ability of both systems is poor, and there is debate over which system is better.

OBJECTIVE:

To confirm whether combination of two T1 substaging systems can improve the predictive ability of T1 substaging for tumor outcomes.

METHODS:

Patients with primary pT1 high-grade bladder cancer from three centers were included. All tumors were assessed with T1a/b/c and T1m/e substaging. A new variable named COMB was developed in which patients were stratified into T1a/b&T1m, T1a/b&T1e, T1c&T1m or T1c&T1e subgroups. A time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to test whether the accuracy of prediction could be improved with COMB.

RESULTS:

A total of 239 patients with primary pT1HG were analyzed. No tumor was T1c&T1m, and therefore, only three types of combinations were evaluated: T1a/b&T1m (62 patients), T1a/b&T1e (124 patients) and T1c&T1e (53 patients). Regardless of all patients or those treated with Re-TURBt and adequate BCG, patients with T1a/b&T1m have the best prognosis, and those with T1c&T1e have the poorest prognosis. The time-dependent ROC showed that, for both recurrence and progression, COMB had a higher AUC than T1a/b/c and T1m/e, regardless of population.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with either system alone, the combination of two T1 substaging systems improves the predictive ability of T1 substaging for tumor outcomes.
The assessment of biceps voluntary activation with transcranial magnetic stimulation in individuals with tetraplegia
Authors: Roumengous Thibault , Peterson Carrie L.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Assessment of voluntary activation is useful in the study of neuromuscular impairments, particularly after spinal cord injury (SCI). Measurement of voluntary activation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (VATMS) is limited by technical challenges, including the difficulty in preferential stimulation of cortical neurons projecting to the target muscle and minimal stimulation of antagonists. Thus, the motor evoked potential (MEP) response to TMS in the target muscle compared to its antagonist may be an important parameter in the assessment of VATMS.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of isometric elbow flexion angle on two metrics in individuals with tetraplegia following SCI: 1) the ratio of biceps/triceps MEP amplitude across a range of voluntary efforts, and 2) VATMS.

METHODS:

Ten individuals with tetraplegia and ten nonimpaired individuals were recruited to participate in three sessions wherein VATMS was assessed at 45°, 90°, and 120° of isometric elbow flexion.

RESULTS:

In SCI participants, the biceps/triceps MEP ratio was not modulated by elbow angle. In nonimpaired participants, the biceps/triceps MEP ratio was greater in the more flexed elbow angle (120° flexion) compared to 90° during contractions of 50% and 75% MVC, but VATMS was not different. VATMS assessed in the more extended elbow angle (45° flexion) was lower relative to 90° elbow flexion; this effect was dependent on the biceps/triceps MEP ratio. In both groups, VATMS was sensitive to the linearity of the voluntary moment and superimposed twitch relationship, regardless of elbow angle. Linearity was lower in SCI relative to nonimpaired participants.

CONCLUSIONS:

Increasing the MEP ratio via elbow angle did not enable estimation of VATMS in SCI participants. VATMS may not be a viable approach to assess neuromuscular function in individuals with tetraplegia.
Barriers to quitting smoking – a survey among 1000 adult cigarette smokers in Germany
Authors: Neubert Christoph , Nussbaum Alexander K. , Tewes Nelson , Westwood Phil
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: It is well known that smoking has serious health effects. Despite public health initiatives to discourage smoking initiation and encourage smoking cessation, overall smoking rates have been constant for years and 17 million people currently smoke in Germany.

PURPOSE: This study aims to characterize barriers preventing adult smokers in Germany from quitting cigarette smoking and assessing the general motivation to quit smoking cigarettes. This approach allowed to probe for correlations between quit motivation, barriers, smoking behaviors and smokers’ characteristics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computer-assisted web interviews were conducted with 1,000 smokers aged 19 years and older in Germany between May and June 2021. Quotas on age, gender and federal state were used to ensure the respondent profile was representative for the smokers in Germany. Data on demographics, smoking behavior, quit attempts perceptions and usage of alternatives to cigarettes were collected. 

KEY FINDINGS: The majority of smokers in Germany (54 %) report that they are not motivated to stop smoking cigarettes. Barriers and motivations to quit smoking cigarettes differed and allowed a distinction in subgroups of smokers. The most prominent subgroups constitute smokers over 50 years of age and smokers of disadvantaged socioeconomic status (education and income). Only 29 % of smokers in Germany intend to stop smoking and only 3 % of them plan to stop smoking in the following month.

CONCLUSION: Smokers cannot be considered as a homogeneous group of people, their motivation to stop smoking differs, which requires a differentiated approach towards them in order to be able to successfully move adult smokers away from cigarettes, the most harmful way of tobacco and nicotine consumption. Inclusive interventions based on the Tobacco Harm Reduction principle could prove useful, especially for smokers that do not quit smoking cigarettes.
Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2021
Authors: Restrepo José Manuel , Carrasquilla Barrera Alberto , Steiner Sampedro Roberto , Villamizar Villegas Mauricio , Taboada Arango Bibiana , Jaramillo Vallejo Jaime , Villar Gómez Leonardo
Published: July 2022

In compliance with Act of Congress 31/1992, Article 5, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República hereby submits to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia a detailed report on the measures that Banco de la República has taken in the emergency situation generated by Covid-19 and presents the macroeconomic results for 2020 and the outlook for 2021 for its consideration. Furthermore, the breakdown of the Foreign Reserves and their performance, the financial position of the Bank and its forecasts, and the Bank’s Cultural management are described. Sincerely, Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
Evaluación del ácido naftalenacético en el cuajado del fruto de guanábana (Annona muricata L.)
Authors: Añazco Chávez Joffre Paúl , Celi Sabando Kristley David
Published: July 2022

En el presente estudio se evaluó la aplicación del ácido naftalenacético (ANA) en la etapa productiva de guanábana, como una alternativa a la polinización asistida que se efectúa para el aseguramiento de la producción. Se realizaron dos tratamientos con tres repeticiones, en donde T1 representó la polinización manual o asistida y T2 el uso de ANA al 2%. En los resultados de las variables a medir se obtuvo que a los 30 días de aplicación el porcentaje de frutos cuajados en T1 fue de 73,33 %, mientras que en T2 63,33 %. En su contraparte, a los 45 días se midió el porcentaje de frutos abortados, obteniendo que el T1 alcanzó un 25,26 % de abortos mientras que T2 tan solo 15,30 %. De forma paralela también se midió a los 45 días el diámetro de la fruta, y se logró observar que en el tratamiento con menos abortos el diámetro fue de 2,019 cm, mientras que en tratamiento de polinización las frutas midieron 2,045 cm. Cabe recalcar que los datos obtenidos no tuvieron diferencia estadística significativa, pero sí porcentual. Se recomienda continuar con la investigación utilizando datos a mayor cantidad de días para finalizar con la cosecha y un análisis económico. Los datos obtenidos en este estudio servirán como base para futuras investigaciones, con el fin de dar a la comunidad una alternativa al método tradicional de producción de guanábana.
Analisis Tingkat Kesukaran dan Daya Pembeda Butir Soal TOAFL Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Qomariyah Lailatul
Published: July 2022

Tes merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengevaluasi prestasi dan penguasaan keterampilan siswa. Dengan tes ini guru akan mengetahui bagaimana mengukur prestasi mereka dan mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan mereka. Oleh karena itu, butir-butir soal tes harus berkualitas baik, sehingga dapat diketahui sejauh mana tujuan pendidikan yang diinginkan telah tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas tes bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa asing UNHASY ditinjau dari indeks kesukaran dan daya beda. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, 1) butir soal TOAFL UNHASY memiliki tingkat kualitas kesukaran sebanyak 22 butir soal sudah berada pada indeks kesukaran sedang; 2) Butir TOAFL UNHASY memiliki daya beda yang memenuhi syarat sehingga total 44 butir soal berada dalam daya pembeda yang memadai.
Student Perception of the Development of Arabic Learning Model ‎in Intensive Learning Program at IAIN Padangsidimpuan ‎Language Development Center
Authors: Amin Irsal , Latif Abdul , Shiddiq Jamaluddin , Syakir Hidayat Ahmad Fadhel , Mahdi Rijal
Published: July 2022

It is important to unifomite the lectures’ teaching methods and students’ perception is a very important concern in order to create effective and enjoyable learning. The research was conducted to determine the development of the Arabic learning model at the IAIN Padangsidimpuan Language Development Center and students' perception of the model. This research is quantitative descriptive research that is digging research data with observation techniques, interviews, and questionnaire dissemination. This study uses an approach with a non-probability sampling method with a convenience sampling approach. The number of members of the population who are willing to be respondents is 162 students consisting of various Faculties at IAIN Padangsidimpuan who have taken intensive Arabic classes. The data collected is then analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative data in analysis uses descriptive analysis while questionnaire data uses analysis of percentage statistical formulas. After processing research data, it was found that the Arabic learning model was the Contectual Teaching and learning (CTL) model and the diretc method. Student perception of the application of the learning model is still in the good category because after the learning process most of them state interesting, although in the aspects of the methods that have been applied, they still expect better development. From the results of this study, researchers recommend developing a better learning model to find a learning model that can make students more comfortable in enjoying learning. In addition to developing learning models, it is also considered important to test the effectiveness of the Contectual Teaching and learning (CTL) model and diretc method.
Micropropagação de plantas medicinais no contexto brasileiro: revisão de literatura
Authors: Rojas Jack Berllen Santos , Malosso Milena Gaion
Published: July 2022

As plantas medicinais são utilizadas pelo homem desde os primórdios, contudo, a extração destas plantas tem sido em excesso e de forma irracional, colocando em risco a sua existência. Assim, torna-se importante buscar algumas alternativas que sejam capazes de auxiliar no aumento da produção e reprodução destas plantas. Este estudo busca responder à seguinte pergunta: o que é micropropagação de plantas medicinais no contexto brasileiro? Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo, discutir sobre a micropropagação de plantas medicinais no contexto brasileiro. Para isso, conduziu-se uma revisão narrativa, considerando artigos e relatórios técnicos publicados entre 2014 a 2021, em português e inglês, em bases de dados brasileiras. Como resultado, observou-se que a micropropagação é uma técnica da Biotecnologia, para propagar plantas dentro de tubos de ensaios, em um curto período, livres de vírus e doenças, sendo cada vez mais empregadas para fins comerciais, agrícola, farmacêutico, cosmético e alimentar. Alguns laboratórios – “biofábricas”, estão se dedicando à essa técnica de multiplicação. Concluindo, a micropropagação de plantas medicinais permite a produção em larga escala, podendo ser usadas na indústria farmacêutica, gerando economia para o país, sem que ocorra a extinção das espécies vegetais na natureza.
Effects of rings on flow and temperature in lime kilns
Authors: GAREAU PATRICK , BUSSMAN MARKUS , DEMARTINI NIKOLAI , TRAN HONGHI
Published: July 2022

A steady state, two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model has been developed to help understand how rings form and grow in a typical lime kiln. Rings of varying length, thickness, and geometry at the front and back faces were modeled to study the effects on flue gas flow and temperature.
The results show that ring growth causes the gas velocity to increase and insulates the adjacent refractory, resulting in a lower kiln shell temperature. The results also reveal the formation of recirculation zones immediately downstream of the rings, as well as temperature deviations upstream and downstream of the rings that might promote recarbonation and further ring growth. The model was applied to a kiln from a kraft mill with front-end and mid-kiln rings and good agreement was obtained between the measured and predicted kiln shell temperatures, providing confidence in the modeling.
Enhanced convnet based Latent Finger Print Recognition
Authors: Rani R. Jhansi , Vasanth K.
Published: July 2022

Latent finger print recognition plays an important role in forensic, criminal cases etc. The latent images will not be recognised easily since they are impartial images, which find difficult to match with the registered database. Due to noisy images, it is very difficult for recognition. Autoencoder plays an important role in pre-processing the latent image. ConvNetbased method is an efficient approach used for latent image recognition. For each minutiae extraction, ConvNet descriptor is performed. Both minutiae and texture matcher is considered for comparison. This technique is compared with existing methods which shows, that the proposed method provides a higher accuracy than the existing methods like CNN, skeleton approach nonlinear mapping and product quantization. The proposed method provides an accuracy of 76.4%, 80.4% and 86.4% for rank1,5 and 10 respectively.
A Cost-Effective Method for Power Factor Metering Systems
Authors: M. T. Ibraheem Al-Naib Ahmed , Abdullah Hamad Bashar
Published: July 2022

The power factor (PF) is an important measurement in an AC electrical system that indicates how much power ‎is utilized to accomplish productive work by a load and how much power is consumed. As a result, it's one of ‎the primary causes of excessive energy costs and power outages. This paper aims to present a simple, cost-‎effective, and accurate PF metering and monitoring system implemented using an Arduino microcontroller with ‎a novel methodology different from other papers. The proposed method is to design the software code instead ‎of using external components of Zero-Crossing Detectors (Z-CDs) for both voltage (V) and current (I) signals, and ‎instead of using Exclusive-OR (X-OR) gates also. Determining the phase-angle and PF in an efficient manner ‎can be useful in many approaches to electrical systems: 1-for synchronization of parallel connections of ‎alternators; 2-for directional protection systems; 3-for PF correction and load management; and 4-for designing ‎watt/energy meters. Using the Proteus 8 Professional (ISIS program), the proposed designed circuit was ‎simulated for more verification. The simulation and experimental findings are presented to validate the ‎proposed metering system's effectiveness.‎
Road Pavement Asphalt Concretes for Thin Wearing Layers: A Machine Learning Approach towards Stiffness Modulus and Volumetric Properties Prediction
Authors: Baldo Nicola , Miani Matteo , Rondinella Fabio , Manthos Evangelos , Valentin Jan
Published: July 2022

In this study a novel procedure is presented for an efficient development of predictive models of road pavement asphalt concretes mechanical characteristics and volumetric properties, using shallow artificial neural networks. The problems of properly assessing the actual generalization feature of a model and avoiding the effects induced by a fixed training-test data split are addressed. Since machine learning models require a careful definition of the network hyperparameters, a Bayesian approach is presented to set the optimal model configuration. The case study covered a set of 92 asphalt concrete specimens for thin wearing layers.
Methodical Approach to Determining the Quality of Accounting Data in Internal Audit
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Dnipro, Ukraine, Vakulchyk Оlena , Vasylieva Valentyna ,   University of Customs and Finance, Dnipro, Ukraine, Knyshek Oksana ,   University of Customs and Finance, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, information as a product of accounting should reflect more complex, global and rapidly changing business processes, ensuring the ability of management to respond to the challenges of economic life adequately. However, practice shows that the accounting system of enterprises often does not form the information adequate to modern conditions, which leads to its inconsistency with the needs of users and the loss of their confidence in the institute of accounting. Therefore, there is a need to implement effective control over the completeness and accuracy of accounting data. The purpose of the article is to reveal the methodical approach to determining the quality of accounting data by using the tools of the internal audit system, as well as to substantiate the relationship of thematic areas of internal audit with the relevant accounting registers. The algorithm of the internal audit of accounting data was given. The information sources were systematized for each group of objects of accounting (cash and cash documents, long-term and short-term loans, settlements, long-term and current liabilities, non-current assets and financial investments, expenses, income, equity and collateral). Auditing procedures were recommended, which should be selected and applied according to the characteristics of the audited objects and the technology of their accounting. Consistent adherence to the proposed methodical approach to the choice of analytical procedures of internal audit will ensure high-quality accounting data and financial statements. In addition, the level of their informativeness for making management decisions by external and internal users will increase.
Analysis of the Net Result and the Comprehensive Income: An Empirical Study of the Listed Companies on the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Răpan Claudia Mihaela , Banța Viorel-Costin ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Şerban Andreea ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Manea Andreia ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2022

Stakeholders usually use net profit as an important indicator in assessing the performance of companies. In times of economic instability, there is a need for additional financial information, so the company's net profit and comprehensive income can be important in stakeholder decision-making. The article is devoted to analysing the relationship between earnings per share, comprehensive income per share and equity per share. The object of the study is companies whose shares were listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. For this study, companies were selected that prepared financial statements per International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and disclosed information about their comprehensive income. Financial entities were excluded from the analysis. Data were collected by querying the Thomson Reuters (Refinitiv) database, and comprehensive income data were collected manually from financial statements published by the companies on the Bucharest Stock Exchange website. The purpose of the study is to determine whether there is a significant effect of the share price on earnings per share, comprehensive earnings per share, and equity per share. The authors used the linear regression to identify the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study results show that all variables significantly affect the share price. In particular, earnings per share have a more significant impact on the share price than comprehensive earnings per share, although this difference is insignificant.
Efectividad en la hipoplasia transversal maxilar con aparatología convencional versus Hyrax híbrido: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Zambrano Mosquera Miriam Micaela , Lima Illescas Miriam Verónica
Published: July 2022

Introducción.  La falta de desarrollo transversal en el maxilar puede llevar a problemas estéticos y funcionales en los pacientes tratados en edades temprana como en la dentición tardía y permanente temprana. Objetivo. Analizar la efectividad en la hipoplasia transversal maxilar con aparato convencional versus hyrax híbrido. Metodología. En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que se basó en la recolección de 100 artículos científicos en cuatro bases de datos digitales: PubMed, Scielo, Medline, Dialnet. Se descartaron 59 y quedaron 41 cuya información fue utilizada. La estrategia de búsqueda abarcó el periodo de 2007 a 2022. Resultados. En la mayoría de los estudios nos indica que la expansión rápida del maxilar (ERM) anclado al hueso con los mini implantes, se asocia con una apertura más segura de la sutura media palatina, los efectos ortopédicos de una expansión convencional son menores por las fuerzas aplicadas a nivel dento alveolar, mas no a nivel esqueletal y por ende se indicaría una expansión con dispositivos híbridos, deben ser colocados en las áreas para mediales de la sutura media palatina. El hyrax híbrido minimiza los efectos secundarios a nivel dental que ocasionan los hyrax convencionales tales como: la inclinación bucal excesiva de los dientes donde está anclado el aparato expansor, la posible recesión gingival, posible compromiso periodontal, perdida de hueso marginal y el daño radicular. El conocimiento y la destreza son necesarios para decidir el diseño y el tipo de expansor que se usarían cuando el paciente es niño, adolescente o adulto joven. Según la cantidad de fuerza que se requiera para lograr la expansión ortopédica necesaria. Conclusión. En la expansión rápida del maxilar (ERM), con el Hyrax Híbrido se observó mejores resultados, con aumento de la cavidad nasal, ancho de los maxilares y un menor movimiento de los dientes superiores en pacientes aplicados luego del crecimiento puberal, mientras que con el Hyrax convencional en etapa prebural, tomado en cuenta la edad y la dentición en la que se encuentre cada paciente, con la ayuda de los diferentes métodos de diagnóstico, opciones favorables en la terapia ortodóntica utilizando en el momento oportuno.
Türkiye'de Fikri Mülkiyet Koruması, Patent ve Marka Koruması-Yabancı Sermaye İlişkisi
Authors: DEMİROĞLU Mehmet
Published: July 2022

Fikri mülkiyet haklarının korunması, ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde çeşitli düzenlemelere konu olmuştur. Ekonomik kalkınmada yabancı kaynak ihtiyacı olan Türkiye, yabancı yatırımcıları çekebilmek için gerekli koşullardan olan fikri mülkiyet haklarını koruma konusunda önemli düzenlemeler yapmıştır. Fikri mülkiyet hakları, telif hakları ve sınai mülkiyet hakları olarak iki ana dala ayrılmaktadır. Türkiye'de telif haklarının korunması konusundaki çalışmalar Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, sınai mülkiyet haklarının korunması konusundaki çalışmalar ise ağırlıklı olarak Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu tarafından yürütülmektedir. Dünyada yaygınlaşan küreselleşme eğilimleri doğrultusunda, çok uluslu şirketlerin yatırım yeri tercihlerinde fikri mülkiyet haklarının etkin korunması önemlidir. Sınai mülkiyet haklarından olan patent ve marka haklarının etkin korunması, işletmecilik ve yatırım faaliyetlerinde daha belirgin olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de patent ve marka haklarının korunması ile yabancı sermaye yatırımları arasındaki ilişki konusu ele alınmıştır.
Yapay Zekâ, Makine ve Sanat
Authors: ERTEN Onur , GÖKTEPELİLER Ömür
Published: July 2022

İnsanların evrimsel süreçte yaşam şansını artırmak için kullandığı alet icat etme özelliğinin gelişmiş olduğu son nokta olarak karşımıza çıkan yapay zekâ, mevcut durumda insanlığın kendi vasatlığını aşması için önemli bir yardımcı haline gelmiştir. Gelişiminin hızı bazıları için tedirgin edici olabilir. Ancak sonuç olarak sürecin gelişimi bir kez devinmeye başlamıştır. Söz konusu devinim durdurulamaz bir gelişimi kaçınılmaz kılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapay zekâ ve insan becerileri daima kıyaslanan iki unsur olmuştur. Karşılıklı olarak öğrenen ve birbirini geliştiren bu unsurlar karşıt olmaktan çok birbirlerinin tamamlayıcısı ve geliştiricisi olmak hususunda bağdaşıktırlar. Makine, insan iş birliğinin kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenebildiği sanat alanı açısından söz gelimi karşıtlığın tartışılan boyutu olan yaratıcılık açısından irdelenmiştir. Yapay zekânın derin öğrenme vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirdiği öğrenmelerin sonu olarak üretimlerinin, insan öğrenmesi üzerinden ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Yaratıcılık bağlamında sanatın ve sanatçının çağımızın gelişimine uygun olarak tekrar tartışılması ve sanatın niteliğinin yeniden ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır.
Türk Modernleşmesinin Devlet Merkezli ve Demokratik Amaçlı Eklektizminde Bir İstisna Olarak Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı
Authors: TÜRKER Taşansu , MUSAOĞLU Sevim
Published: July 2022

II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında bağımsızlığını kazanan sömürge ülkeleri ile birlikte gelişmekte olan ülkelerin hızlı kalkınmayı gerçekleştirmek için planlama yaklaşımını benimsemeleri yeni ekonomik ve idari kurumların yaratılmasına sebep olmuştur. Türkiye'de de bu konjonktürle bağlantılı olarak planlama örgütü kurulmuş, bu örgüt kamu yönetimi içine dahil edilmiştir. Ancak kurumun sahip olduğu görev ve yetkiler herhangi bir kamu örgütünün sahip olduğu görev ve yetkilerden farklıdır. Kurum, ekonomik kalkınma gündemini yönetmekle görevlendirilmiş fakat ekonomik kalkınmayı sağlamak için hem siyasal hem yönetsel hem de toplumsal alanı düzenleyecek kararlar alabilen, kamu politikalarını yönlendiren kurumlar üstü bir yapı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı(DPT), ekonomik ve yönetsel bir kurum olmasının yanı sıra Osmanlı-Türk modernleşme sürecinin önemli bir aktörüdür. Kurum, devlet merkezli ve elit-bağımlı modernleşme sürecini sürdürmekle birlikte kendinden önceki bürokratik elitlerden farklılaşarak yeni bir elit tipolojisi olan teknokratik elitler üretmiştir. Teknokratik elit tipolojisine ve demokrasi-teknokrasi ikiliğine rağmen bu elitler demokrasi ideallerini ekonomik kalkınma ve sosyal adalet temelinde sürdürmüşlerdir. Bu çalışmada DPT, kurumsalcılık perspektifinden ele alınacak, modernleşme sürecinin sürekliliğini ve devlet merkezliliğini göstermek için karşılaştırmalı bir kurum olarak Tanzimat Dönemi Hariciye Nezareti ile benzerlikler kurulacaktır. Teknokratik elitlerin kısa süreli iktidarları kurumun kurulmasından ilk teknokratların istifasına kadar geçen süreci (1963) kapsayacak şekilde ele alınacaktır.
Keputusan Pembelian: Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Hubungan Kualitas Produk dan Kepercayaan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen
Authors: Tirtayasa Satria , Lubis Anggita Putri , Khair Hazmanan
Published: July 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of product quality and trust on consumer satisfaction with purchasing decisions as an mediating variable in the Alanza Hijab online shop in Medan. The population of this research is all consumers who have made a purchase at the Alanza Hijab online shop. The sample of this study are 210 respondents. The data analysis used in this research is the Partial Least Square (PLS method. The results showed that: (1) product quality has a positive and significant effect (2) trust has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. (3) Product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. (4) trust has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. (5) Purchasing decisions have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. (6) Purchasing decisions play a role in mediating product quality on consumer satisfaction. (7) Purchasing decisions play a role in mediating trust in consumer satisfaction at the Alanza Hijab Online Shop in Medan City.Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Product Quality; Purchase Decision;Trust Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan kepercayaan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dengan keputusan pembelian sebagai variabel mediasi di online shop alanza hijab kota Medan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh konsumen yang pernah melakukan pembelian pada online shop alanza hijab. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 210 responden.. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan metode alternatif Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) kualitas produk berperngaruh positif dan signifikan (2) kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen. (3) Kualitas produk berperngaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. (4) kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. (5) Keputusan pembelian berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen. (6) Keputusan pembelian berperan dalam memediasi kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen. (7) keputusan pembelian berperan dalam memediasi kepercayaan terhadap kepuasan konsumen di Onlineshop Alanza Hijab Kota Medan.Katakunci: Kepercayaan; Kepuasan Konsumen; Keputusan Pembelian; Kualitas Produk
Authentic Leadership and Whistleblowing: The Mediating Roles of Trust and Moral Courage
Authors: Pulungan Andrey Hasiholan , Sari Kadek Jenitha Ayunda Tirtaning , Maharsi Sri , Hasudungan Albert
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudies have shown that internal whistleblowing is an effective way to reduce unethical behavior and fraud risk in organizations. This study aims to empirically examine the mediating effects of affective trust and moral courage on the relationship between authentic leadership and employees internal whistleblowing intention. A convenience sampling method was utilized because the respondents were specific and there was no available public information about them. The survey was sent online to respondents who worked in a private company in Indonesia that applied a whistleblowing policy. One hundred sixty-three responses were analyzed by using SMART PLS 3. The findings suggest that both affective trust and moral courage improve the effects of authentic leadership on their employees intention to report fraud through internal channels. A leader with authentic attributes promotes employees' trust in their leader and improves their moral courage so they are more willing to report fraud to internal parties, including their leaders. Hence, this research demonstrates the significance of a good control environment in companies.Keywords: Affective trust; Authentic leadership; Internal whistleblowing intentions; Moral courage.Abstrak Studi telah menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan pelanggaran secara internal merupakan cara yang efektif untuk mengurangi perilaku tidak etis dan risiko kecurangan di dalam organasisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh mediasi kepercayaan afektif dan keberanian moral terhadap hubungan antara kepemimpinan otentik dengan intensi pegawai melakukan pelaporan pelanggaran secara internal. Metode sampel convenience digunakan oleh karena responden yang spesifik dan ketiadaan informasi publik mengenai mereka. Survei dikirimkan secara online kepada responden yang bekerja di sebuah perusahaan swasta di Indonesia yang telah menerapkan kebijakan pelaporan pelanggaran. Seratus enam puluh tiga respon dianalisa dengan menggunakan SMART PLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik kepercayaan afektif maupun keberanian moral meningkatkan pengaruh kepemimpinan otentik terhadap untensi pegawai melaporkan kecurangan melalui jalur internal. Seorang pemimpin yang memiliki atribut otentik meningkatkan kepercayaan pegawai kepada pimpinan dan keberanian moral pegawai sehingga pegawai lebih mau melaporkan kecurangan kepada pihak-pihak internal, termasuk pimpinan mereka. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya lingkungan pengendalian yang baik di dalam perusahaan.Katakunci: Intensi pelaporan pelanggaran secara internal; keberanian moral; kepercayaan afektif; kepemimpinan otentik.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA LINGKUNGAN ASISTEN PEMERINTAHAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT DI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Heriyanto Yanto
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT The title of this study is "The Effect of Motivation and Discipline Working on Employee Performance in Government Assisted Environment and Social Welfare Secretariat in Cirebon. Study aims to analyze (1) the effect of work motivation and discipline on employee performance and Welfare Administration Assistant in the Regional Secretariat Cirebon, (2) the effect of motivation on employee performance and Welfare Administration Assistant at Regional Secretariat Cirebon, and (3) the effect of labor discipline on employee performance and Welfare Administration Assistant at Regional Secretariat Cirebon.The research method used is descriptive explanative (explanatory descriptive) and that the sample in this study is the staff of the Assistant Government and Social Welfare Regional Secretariat Cirebon. The collection of primary data obtained through interviews and questionnaires using questionnaires, and secondary data obtained from the agency that has to do with the study. The resulting data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and, using path analysis (Path analysis).The results showed that: (1) motivation and discipline together significantly affect employee performance and Welfare Administration Assistant Regional Secretariat Cirebon. The results obtained hypothesized path coefficients motivation affects employee performance by 13,00%, the coefficient of labor discipline pathways affect the performance of employees at 34,10%, or the influence of motivation and work discipline cumulative effect on employee performance by 47,10%. That is the kind of motivation and discipline of work, the better the performance of employees in performing their duties and functions, (2) significant motivation on employee performance and Welfare Administration Assistant Regional Secretariat Cirebon.The results obtained path coefficients motivation hypothesis directly affect the performance of employees by 6.30% and an indirect relationship of 6,70%, thus determining the total motivation employee performance by 13,00%. This means that the better the motivation, the better the performance of employees in performing their duties and functions, and (3) labor discipline significantly affect employee performance and Welfare Administration Assistant Regional Secretariat Cirebon. The results obtained path coefficients discipline hypothesis directly affect the work performance of employees amounted to 27.40% and indirect relationships by 6.70%, so the total variable labor discipline determines employee performance by 34,10%. That is the kind of employee discipline, the better the performance of the employee in carrying out its duties and functions.
ANALISIS KINERJA KOMISI INFORMASI KABUPATEN CIREBON DALAM MENDORONG KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK
Authors: Hidayati Desty , Siswoyo Mukarto , Nariyah Hery
Published: July 2022

The establishment of the Information Commission is based on Law number 14 of 2008 on Public Information Disclosure which mandates the establishment of the Central Information Commission and Provincial Information Commission as well as the Municipal or District Information Commission if necessary. This research was conducted at the Cirebon District Information Commission. The purpose of this research is to know how the performance of information commission of Cirebon district in encouraging public information disclosure and what factors that can push and hinder the performance of information commission in encouraging public information disclosure and efforts what have been done. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection procedures used with interviews, observation, documentation. Data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Data validity is done with a degree of trust (triangulation). The results of research and analysis on the Performance of Cirebon District Information Commission using some indicators of research focus that researchers use, the conclusion that researchers pull is the performance performed by Cirebon District Information Commission is still not well proven from the public there are still many who do not know the existence of Information Commission and in the settlement, information disputes are still not optimal. as well as the factors that can push and obstruct the information disclosure arises from the internal itself is the scope of the secretariat of information commissions that must be improved so that the expected performance can be maximal again. Suggestions that can be given authors that until now there are many people who do not know the existence of information commissions, with conditions like this should be more informed commission information in conveying the purpose of information disclosure by conducting socialization activities to the community directly. The process of dispute resolution of information also needs to be improved by providing more maximal service again and improve existing resources, such as complementing facilities that can support the activities of the Cirebon District Information Commission.Keywords: Performance and Public Information Disclosure
KINERJA BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL DALAM PROGRAM PENCEGAHAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DI KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Pantari Zia Hayu , Agustina Heriyani , Hidayat Moh Taufik
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji dan menjawab permasalahan mengenai pelaksanaan pencegahan penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Kota Cirebon. Faktor-Fktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan kinerja Badan Narkotika Nasional dalam progam pencegahan penyalhgunaan Narkoba di Kota Cirebon. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, dan studi kepustakaan. Studi lapangan dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pegawai Badan Narkotika Nasional khususnya pegawai Seksi Pencegahan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kota Cirebon. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota Cirebon merupakan institusi yang berwenang dalam hal mengedukasi tentang bahaya Narkoba yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat, termasuk salah satunya adalah program pencegahan. Bentuk program pencegahan penyalahgunaan Narkoba adalah melakukan diseminasi informasi dan advokasi Pencegahan Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (P4GN) dan Peningkatan peran serta masyarakat dibidang P4GN di wilayah Kota Cirebon. Dalam rangka menangani masalah- masalah, seperti waktu, masyarakat, jarak, alat dan prasarana dalam pelaksanaan program pencegahan penyalahgunaan Narkoba.Kata Kunci: Kinerja, Badan Narkotika Nasional, Program Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba
THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION FACTORS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN PENANG MANUFACTURING FIRMS, MALAYSIA
Authors:   University Sultan Azlan Shah Faculty of Management and Information Technology., MD AMIN BOKHORI
Published: July 2022

This study evaluated the relationship between motivation factors on employees' performance in manufacturing firms in Penang, Malaysia. A sample size of 222 respondents was taken from 28 electrical manufacturing firms with a 6322 population and 361 samples to examine the relationship. A questionnaire was designed for data collection to measure learning activities on employees' performance in manufacturing firms. A stratified sampling method was used, and the data was analyzed using SmartPls 3.7.8. The study showed that financial rewards and friendly work environment have a significant relationship with employees' performance in manufacturing firms. The result also showed that career development has not significant on employees’ performance in manufacturing firms. However, the limitation of this study only covers electrical manufacturing firms. Suggested for future study focus on electronic, plastic, and fabricated manufacturing firms to be more effective in improving manufacturing firms' motivation factors.
Non-Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Chicken Kidneys in Response to Coronavirus IBV Infection Under Stress Induced by Dexamethasone
Authors: Dai Jun , Wang Huan , Liao Ying , Tan Lei , Sun Yingjie , Song Cuiping , Liu Weiwei , Ding Chan , Luo Tingrong , Qiu Xusheng
Published: July 2022

Stress in poultry can lead to changes in body metabolism and immunity, which can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. However, knowledge regarding chicken responses to viral infection under stress is limited. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a synthetic glucocorticoid similar to that secreted by animals under stress conditions, and has been widely used to induce stress in chickens. Herein, we established a stress model in 7-day-old chickens injected with Dex to elucidate the effects of stress on IBV replication in the kidneys. The metabolic changes, immune status and growth of the chickens under stress conditions were comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, the metabolic profile, weight gain, viral load, serum cholesterol levels, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte ratio were compared in chickens treated with Dex and infected with IBV. An LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics method was used to examine differentially enriched metabolites in the kidneys. A total of 113 metabolites whose abundance was altered after Dex treatment were identified, most of which were lipids and lipid-like molecules. The principal metabolic alterations in chicken kidneys caused by IBV infection included fatty acid, valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism. Dex treatment before and after IBV infection mainly affected the host’s tryptophan, phenylalanine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In addition, Dex led to up-regulation of serum cholesterol levels and renal viral load in chickens, and to the inhibition of weight gain, peripheral blood lymphocytes and IL-6 production. We also confirmed that the exogenous cholesterol in DF-1 cells promoted the replication of IBV. However, whether the increase in viral load in kidney tissue is associated with the up-regulation of cholesterol levels induced by Dex must be demonstrated in future experiments. In conclusion, chick growth and immune function were significantly inhibited by Dex. Host cholesterol metabolism and the response to IBV infection are regulated by Dex. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms in poultry stress, and should support further research on the intrinsic link between cholesterol metabolism and IBV replication under stress conditions.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Maybe a Risk Factor for Cardiac Syndrome X
Authors: Zhang Dong-Hong , Yuan Chen , Wang Bei-Bei , Dong Xin-Jiang , Lv Shu-Ping , Li Fei-Hong , Hou Zhen-Xiu , Liu Xiao-Li , Chen Kang
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is a condition with normal coronary angiography but angina pectoris. Chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may play a pathogenic role in CSX. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and risk of CSX.

Methods

A systematic search in the Web of Science, Medline, Embase and Chinese databases (CNKI and Wanfang) was conducted up to October 2021. Articles on the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of CSX were included and were analyzed by R software (version 4.1.0).

Results

Ten case-control studies involving 703 CSX patients and 731 healthy controls were included. H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of CSX (OR: 8.29, 95% CI: 4.64–14.82). We also found a significant association in those 25–40 years of age (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04–1.72), those 40–50 years of age (OR: 11.27, 95% CI: 4.29–29.61), those over 50 years of age (OR: 7.18, 95% CI: 3.59–14.36), those in developing countries [Iran (OR: 12.99, 95% CI: 8.61–19.60) and China (OR: 5.14, 95% CI: 3.09–8.56)]. However, this association was not apparent in a developed country [Italy (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.37–2.33)].

Conclusions

Our study suggested a possible association between H. pylori infection and the risk of CSX. Its pathogenicity is stronger in middle-aged individuals and some developing countries. However, more studies are needed to further investigate whether early eradication of H. pylori can reduce the incidence rate of CSX, especially in middle-aged individuals and some developing countries.
Assessment of Human Factors After Advanced Life Support Courses Comparing Simulated Team and Real Team Assessment: A Randomized Controlled Cohort Trial
Authors: Nabecker Sabine , Huwendiek Sören , Seidl Christian , Hana Anisa , Theiler Lorenz , Greif Robert
Published: July 2022

Aim

Human factors are essential for high-quality resuscitation team collaboration and are, therefore, taught in international advanced life support courses, but their assessment differs widely. In Europe, the summative life support course assessment tests mainly adhere to guidelines but few human factors. This randomized controlled simulation trial investigated instructors’ and course participants’ perceptions of human factors assessment after two different summative assessments.

Methods

All 5th/6th-year medical students who attended 19 advanced life support courses according to the 2015 European Resuscitation Council guidelines during one study year were invited to participate. Each course was randomized to either: (1) Simulated team assessment (one instructor simulates a team, and the assessed person leads this “team” through a cardiac-arrest scenario test); (2) Real team assessment (4 students form a team, one of them is assessed as the team leader; team members are not assessed and act only on team leader’s commands). After the summative assessments, instructors, and students rated the tests’ ability to assess human factors using a visual analog scale (VAS, 0 = no agreement, 10 = total agreement).

Results

A total of 227 students participated in the 1-day Immediate Life Support courses, 196 students in the 2-day Advanced Life Support courses, additionally 54 instructors were included. Instructors judged all human factors significantly better in real team assessments; students rated leadership and situational awareness comparable between both assessments. Assessment pass rates were comparable between groups.

Conclusion

Summative assessment in real teams was perceived significantly better to assess human factors. These results might influence current summative assessment practices in advanced life support courses.