bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telephone surveillance in call centers: prescriptions for reducing strain
Authors: Varca Philip E.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine telephone surveillance in call centers and the role that job control plays in reducing the strain associated with the practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Supervisory practices influencing job control – a form of worker empowerment – were viewed by the study as a key variable mitigating the long‐standing relationship between telephone surveillance and work strain. As part of a field experiment, a sample of 163 service representatives completed a questionnaire measuring strain, perceived degree of surveillance, and job control.

Findings

Correlational and path analyses indicated that the strain associated with telephone surveillance could be explained by a loss of perceived control, even though service representatives had no direct control over the surveillance process itself.

Research limitations/implications

These findings support previous research emphasizing the importance of task control during service encounters and suggest that supervisory practices that empower service workers may also reduce job strain. The immediate findings may be limited to the call center environment but recent research suggests that the control construct may be robust in other settings.

Originality/value

This project is one a few studies that outlines specific management practices that could reduce strain associated with telephone surveillance.
Numerical simulation of traveling bubble cavitation
Authors: Mathew Sunil , Theo G. Keith Theo G. Keith , Nikolaidis Efstratios
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose is to present a new approach for studying the phenomenon of traveling bubble cavitation.

Design/methodology/approach

A flow around a rigid, 2D hydrofoil (NACA‐0012) with a smooth surface is analyzed computationally. The Rayleigh‐Plesset equation is numerically integrated to simulate the growth and collapse of a cavitation bubble moving in a varying pressure field. The analysis is performed for both incompressible and compressible fluid cases. Considering the initial bubble radius as a uniformly distributed random variable, the probability density function of the maximum collapse pressure is determined.

Findings

The significance of the liquid compressibility during bubble collapse is illustrated. Furthermore, it is shown that the initial size of the bubble has a significant effect on the maximum pressure generated during the bubble collapse. The maximum local pressure developed during cavitation bubble collapse is of the order of 104 atm.

Research limitations/implications

A single bubble model that does not account for the effect of neighboring bubbles is used in this analysis. A spherical bubble is assumed.

Originality/value

A new approach has been developed to simulate traveling bubble cavitation by interfacing a CFD solver for simulating a flow with a program simulating the growth and collapse of the bubble. Probabilistic analysis of the local pressure due to bubble collapse has been performed.
Combined effect of radiation and natural convection in a rectangular enclosure discreetly heated from one side
Authors: Bahlaoui A. , Raji A. , Hasnaoui M.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The aim of this work consists of studying numerically the coupling between natural convection and radiation in a tall rectangular cavity by examining the effect of the emissivity of the walls, ε, the Rayleigh number, Ra, and the inclination of the cavity, θ, on the flow characteristics and the existence ranges of the multiple solutions obtained.

Design/methodology/approach

The Navier‐Stokes equations were discretized by using a finite difference technique. The vorticity and energy equations were solved by the alternating direction implicit method. Values of the stream function were obtained by using the point successive over‐relaxation method. The calculation of the radiative heat exchange between the walls of the cavity is based on the radiosity method.

Findings

For an inclined cavity (θ=45°), up to four different solutions are obtained and their range of existence is found to be strongly dependent on the Rayleigh number and the emissivity of the cavity walls. In the case of a vertical cavity (θ=90°), the weak reduction of the convection effect due to radiation is largely compensated for by the contribution of the radiation which enhances the overall heat transfer through the cold surface of the cavity and favours the appearance of secondary cells.

Originality/value

The existence of multiple steady‐state solutions in an inclined cavity (θ=45°) and the number of the obtained solutions are affected by the presence of radiation. In face, the increase of the emissivity reduces the number of solutions for weak values of the Rayleigh number. Also, the increase of this parameter favours the multiplicity of solutions for all the considered values of the emissivity. For a vertical cavity (θ=90°), the effect of radiation generates an oscillatory convection for large values of the Rayleigh number.
Transient buoyant convection in a 45°‐inclined enclosure heated and cooled on adjacent walls
Authors: Aydin Orhan , Ünal Ahmet
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To conduct a numerical study on two‐dimensional, transient, buoyant flow inside an air‐filled 45°‐inclined enclosure, heated and cooled on adjacent walls.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing equations obtained through the stream function‐vorticity formulation are solved using finite differences. Flow characteristics have been investigated for an aspect ratio of 1. Calculations are carried out for the Rayleigh numbers in the range of 103≤Ra≤5×107.

Findings

With the increasing Rayleigh number, four distinct flow regimes were identified based on the time variations of the mid‐point stream function and the mean Nusselt number at the heated wall as well as those of flow and temperature fields: steady flow with symmetric two cells at low Ra; steady flow with asymmetric two cells at lower moderate Ra; oscillatory flow with the periodic nature at upper moderate Ra; and oscillatory flow in chaotic nature at higher Ra range.

Originality/value

The distinct flow regimes are observed only at ϕ=45°; a small deviation of the tilting angle from ϕ=45° results in the disappearance of the distinction.
An advanced impingement/film cooling scheme for gas turbines – numerical study
Authors: Immarigeon A. , Hassan I.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The present study aims to conduct a numerical investigation of a novel film cooling scheme combining in‐hole impingement cooling and flow turbulators with traditional downstream film cooling, and was originally proposed by Pratt & Whitney Canada for high temperature gas turbine applications.

Design/methodology/approach

Steady‐state simulations were performed and the flow was considered incompressible and turbulent. The CFD package FLUENT 6.1 was used to solve the Navier‐Stokes equations numerically, and the preprocessor, Gambit, was used to generate the required grid.

Findings

It was determined that the proposed scheme geometry can prevent coolant lift‐off much better than standard round holes, since the cooling jet remains attached to the surface at much higher blowing rates, indicating a superior performance for the proposed scheme.

Research limitations/implications

The present study was concerned only with the downstream effectiveness aspect of performance. The performance related to the heat transfer coefficient is a prospective topic for future studies.

Practical implications

Advanced and innovative cooling techniques are essential in order to improve the efficiency and power output of gas turbines. This scheme combines in‐hole impingement cooling and flow turbulators with traditional downstream film cooling for improved cooling capabilities.

Originality/value

This new advanced cooling scheme both combines the advantages of traditional film cooling with those of impingement cooling, and provides greater airfoil protection than traditional film cooling. This study is of value for those interested in gas turbine cooling.
Effect of aspect ratio on the similarity between developing laminar flows in orthogonally rotating ducts and stationary curved ducts
Authors: Hee Lee Gong , Hyun Baek Je
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To investigate the effect of aspect ratio on the quantitative analogy between developing laminar flows in orthogonally rotating straight ducts and stationary curved ducts

Design/methodology/approach

A fractional step method is used to obtain the numerical solution of the governing equations by decoupling the solution of the momentum equations from the solution of the continuity equation. In order to clarify the similarity of the two flows, dimensionless parameters KLR and Rossby number, Ro, in a rotating straight duct were used as a set corresponding to Dean number, KLC, and curvature ratio, λ, in a stationary curved duct.

Findings

Under the condition that the aspect ratio was larger than one and that the magnitude of Ro or λ was large enough to satisfy the “asymptotic invariance property” the quantitative analogy between the two flows was established clearly.

Research limitations/implications

As the aspect ratio decreased below one, the difference between the secondary flow intensities of these two flows increased, and therefore, the analogy between the two flows was not as evident as that for the larger aspect ratios.

Practical implications

Based on this methodology, the characteristics of the developing flow in orthogonally rotating ducts of higher aspect ratio can be predicted by considering the flow in stationary curved ducts, and vice versa.

Originality/value

The results obtained in this study will suggest an optimal criterion for the application of this approach to the flow similarity analysis in rectangular ducts with arbitrary aspect ratios.
Numerical simulations of three‐dimensional transitional compressible flows in turbomachinery cascades
Authors: De Palma P.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a validation of a state‐of‐the‐art methodology for computing three‐dimensional transitional flows in turbomachinery.

Design/methodology/approach

The Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations for compressible flows are solved. Turbulence is modeled using an explicit algebraic stress model and k−ω turbulence closure. A numerical method has been developed, based on a cell‐centered finite volume approach with Roe's approximate Riemann solver and formally second‐order‐accurate MUSCL extrapolation. The method is validated versus two severe test cases, namely, the subsonic flow through a turbine cascade with separated‐flow transition; and the transonic flow through a compressor cascade with transitional boundary layers, shock‐induced separation and corner stall. For the first test case, the transition model of Mayle for separated flow has been employed, whereas, for the second one, the transition has been modeled employing the Abu‐Ghannam and Shaw correlation.

Findings

The comparison of numerical results with the experimental data available in the literature shows that, for such complex flow configurations, an improved numerical solution could be achieved by employing transition models. Unfortunately, the available models are case‐dependent, each of them being suitable for specific applications.

Originality/value

A state‐of‐the‐art numerical methodology has been developed and applied to compute very complex flows in turbomachinery. Through an original analysis of the results, the merits and limits of the considered approach have been assessed. The paper points up the fundamental role of transition modeling for turbomachinery flow simulations.
Meshless local radial basis function collocation method for convective‐diffusive solid‐liquid phase change problems
Authors: Vertnik Robert , Šarler Božidar
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new local radial basis function collocation method (LRBFCM) for one‐domain solving of the non‐linear convection‐diffusion equation, as it appears in mixture continuum formulation of the energy transport in solid‐liquid phase change systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The method is structured on multiquadrics radial basis functions. The collocation is made locally over a set of overlapping domains of influence and the time stepping is performed in an explicit way. Only small systems of linear equations with the dimension of the number of nodes in the domain of influence have to be solved for each node. The method does not require polygonisation (meshing). The solution is found only on a set of nodes.

Findings

The computational effort grows roughly linearly with the number of the nodes. Results are compared with the existing steady analytical solutions for one‐dimensional convective‐diffusive problem with and without phase change. Regular and randomly displaced node arrangements have been employed. The solution is compared with the results of the classical finite volume method. Excellent agreement with analytical solution and reference numerical method has been found.

Practical implications

A realistic two‐dimensional non‐linear industrial test associated with direct‐chill, continuously cast aluminium alloy slab is presented.

Originality/value

A new meshless method is presented which is simple, efficient, accurate, and applicable in industrial convective‐diffusive solid‐liquid phase‐change problems with non‐linear material properties.
Career advancement in Australian middle managers: a follow‐up study
Authors: Wood Glenice J.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The current study followed up middle managers who had participated in a survey on attitudes to promotion in 1996. The vast majority of the original sample had responded favourably to the question: “Do you want to obtain a senior management position during your managerial career?” In addition, respondents were asked “How confident are you that this will happen?” and “How soon do you feel this will happen?” The aim of this follow up qualitative study is to contact as many of these individuals as possible, to explore the outcome to these questions, and to track what has happened to them in their management careers over the past eight years.

Design/methodology/approach

Interviews were conducted with 19 male and 11 female managers. Outcomes of promotion aspirations were sought, and factors that contributed to success and personal strategies that may have been set in place were explored, as were factors that had hindered their progress. In addition, views were sought on future aspirations for promotion.

Findings

Results indicated gender differences in outcome of promotion, in both proportions of women achieving senior roles, and the time it took for males and females to obtain these promotions with more male middle managers achieving their promotion to senior roles, in less time, than their female colleagues.

Practical implications

The findings were considered in relation to the ongoing career advancement of men and women in management, and in particular, the continuing disproportionate numbers of men and women in senior management roles.

Originality/value

As a follow‐up study, confirms that fewer female managers are being promoted to senior roles despite an obvious desire on their part such promotion and their confidence in obtaining it fairly quickly.
Comprehensive planning and the role of SDSS in flood disaster management in Malaysia
Authors: Billa Lawal , Shattri Mansor , Rodzi Mahmud Ahmad , Halim Ghazali Abdul
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To present a comprehensive flood management plan for Malaysia, the various planning stages and the proponents of the plan. It is also to expound and highlight the importance of spatial information technology in the strategy and to outline the critical decision‐making at various levels of the plan.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of flood disaster management aimed at providing an insight into the strategies for a comprehensive flood disaster management for Malaysia. Discussion of the framework of a spatial decision support system (SDSS) and its role in decision‐making in a comprehensive disaster management plan.

Findings

Provides information about a proposed comprehensive disaster management program for Malaysia and highlight the role of SDSS in improving decision‐making. It recognizes the strength of SDSS in the collection and processing of information to speed up communication between the proponents of the disaster management program. A well‐design SDSS for flood disaster management should present a balance among capabilities of dialog, data and modeling.

Research limitations/implications

The study has outlined the links and components of SDSS and not its development processes; this may limit the used of this paper in in‐depth study of the development if SDSS. Some source for detail study of the development of SDSS have, however, been cited.

Practical implications

This paper is a very useful source of information about the preparation of a comprehensive disaster management program. It also sheds light on the role of SDSS in improving and speeding up communication between the various proponents of the program. Researcher and students will fine, it provides general guidelines and framework for disaster planning and management.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills flood disaster study need for developing a comprehensive disaster management program. It presents the framework of SDSS, the interrelationship between their various components and how they play a role in decision‐making.
Disaster and prevention management for the NASA shuttle during lift‐off
Authors: Rabelo Luis , Sepulveda Jose , Compton Jeppie , Moraga Reinaldo , Turner Robert
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The main objective of this paper is to introduce the development of a decision‐support environment for space range safety. Simulation modeling can provide a good environment to support disaster and prevention management.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper describes the different models and the processes to find the different knowledge sources. This will help determine emergency management procedures.

Findings

This case study provides guidance and an example to follow for other problems in aerospace. There are important factors to consider in order to implement risk management in NASA.

Research limitations/implications

There are several limitations; first debris effects need to be added.

Practical implications

First, the paper provides a guide in order to persuade managers of the utilization of decision support systems based on geographical information systems. Second, it shows that there is open source software which can be used and integrated to make a more comprehensive environment. Validation is a big issue.

Originality/value

This is the first implementation of a virtual range. This will be valuable to other safety managers not only aerospace but also environmentalists and homeland security managers.
Coordinating disaster prevention and management in Hawaii
Authors: Prizzia Ross
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To advance knowledge and application of public and private coordination in the field of homeland security, disaster prevention and management.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study approach is utilized combined with a meta‐analysis and general literature review of relevant studies and secondary sources.

Findings

Hawaii's unique topography and geography has provided opportunities to experiment with new disaster prevention and management technologies and strategies of public and private sector coordination applicable to the Asia and Pacific region.

Originality/value

The analysis and synthesis of relevant studies relevant and sources from the Department of Defense (DoD) and federal, state and local agencies provide a comprehensive as well as unique context to explore and implement new strategies and improved methods of coordination in disaster prevention and management at the state, national and international level.
A chronology of high‐magnitude snow avalanches reconstructed from archived newspapers
Authors: Sawyer Carol F. , Butler David R.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Using local historical data, the purpose of this paper is to compile a chronology of high‐magnitude snow avalanches to illustrate the effectiveness of information published in newspapers in assisting the management of natural hazards.

Design/methodology/approach

Major transportation lines parallel the southern boundary of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, an area where snow avalanches occur frequently and occasionally block transportation corridors. A 1986 study presented an avalanche chronology for the study area based on information collected from the 1946 to 1982 issues of a local weekly newspaper. We extend that existing data set here by using the same newspaper, recording avalanche occurrences and impacts reported in the newspaper from 1982 to 2005.

Findings

The newly updated chronology is presented, with trends and temporal patterns for the entire 1946‐2005 data set analyzed. A decrease in reported avalanches, from the 1960s onward, is noted. Additionally, reported avalanches shifted from occurring most frequently in February to January in the last 20 years.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this research illustrate the use of newspaper reports as an inexpensive, but effective, way to compile a chronology of high‐magnitude snow avalanches. This research method tends to underreport smaller magnitude events that do not affect the transportation linkages.

Practical implications

Snow avalanche managers could use this method to compile a chronology of events when other, more traditional techniques, are not available or too expensive.

Originality/value

This paper uses a rarely utilized but inexpensive and widely available data source to construct a 59‐year avalanche chronology in an area constantly threatened by snow avalanches.
Drugs education: sitting still on the Circle Line …
Authors: Joyce Ruth
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider the development of drug education and its evaluation in England over the last 20 years.

Design/methodology/approach

Outlines key developments.

Findings

Most of the approaches to drug education which have been tried have failed to change young people's drug‐related behaviour, but there is reason to feel optimistic about more informed, evidence based, multi‐component approaches, such as the English “Blueprint” programme.

Originality/value

Provides an overview of drug education and its evaluation, so is therefore useful for policy makers and practitioners.
Amin Rajan: promotion of workforce diversity
Authors: by Sarah Powell Interview
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This article provides an interview with Amin Rajan.

Design/methodology/approach

Amin Rajan answers questions about workforce diversity.

Findings

Amin Rajan provides views and opinions on workforce diversity.

Originality/value

Provides an insightful interview with Amin Rajan.
Investing in inclusion
Authors: Burnett Tony
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Aims to explain why the genuine inclusion of workers, regardless of sex, race, age, religion or nationality, will become a business imperative in the years ahead.

Design/methodology/approach

Highlights the differences between diversity and inclusion, defines a truly inclusive organization and outlines the steps that must be taken to become one.

Findings

Contends that organizations that fail to put processes in place to encourage, train, motivate and give responsibility to employees from minority groups will find themselves at a serious disadvantage.

Practical implications

Demonstrates that becoming an inclusive organization covers not only hiring and firing, but also training and development, and has trade‐union and other contractual consequences.

Originality/value

Targets managers who seek to make their organizations more inclusive, but do not know how to go about it.
Cesky Telecom dials up HR help
Authors: Beal Brian
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Analyses the effects on human‐resource management of the privatization of the Czech Republic's former state‐owned telecommunication monopoly, Cesky Telecom.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of an article based on a research that used a qualitative approach that supported an in‐depth case‐study analysis.

Findings

Finds that management strategies at Cesky Telecom exhibited some similarities with those of western telecommunication companies facing similar deregulation issues, but these processes were tempered by country‐specific historical and institutional factors.

Practical implications

Constitutes a useful source of information for human‐resource management (HRM) specialists who wish to manage workers in the Czech Republic.

Originality/value

Provides a case study in an important strategic sector that has undergone large‐scale change.
Using enablers of the EFQM model to manage institutions of higher education
Authors: Calvo‐Mora Arturo , Leal Antonio , Roldán José L.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To analyse the implicit relationships among enabler agents of the European excellence model to serve as a framework for the management and improvement of the quality in higher education institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses set out are based on the structure and meaning of the EFQM model and a review of the TQM literature. The empirical study was developed in 111 Spanish public university centres, and used the partial least squares (PLS) technique to test these hypotheses.

Findings

The results achieved support the relationships hypothesized and indicate the role of enabler agents as a basis for establishing a management model that leads universities towards excellence.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation is related to the notion of causality. Our study has considered a soft modelling approach directed more towards prediction than causality.

Practical implications

The role of senior management stands out among the key activities. The top management leads the excellence development of key processes in the university through appropriate leadership, strategy formulation, establishment of partnerships, resource allocation, and human resources management.

Originality/value

The current work is one of the first studies dealing with the testing of implicit relationships set out by the EFQM model among enablers. The comprehension of these relationships provides a guide to implement, develop, assess and improve higher education institutions.
Benchmarking learning and teaching: developing a method
Authors: Henderson‐Smart Cheryl , Winning Tracey , Gerzina Tania , King Shalinie , Hyde Sarah
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To develop a method for benchmarking teaching and learning in response to an institutional need to validate a new program in Dentistry at the University of Sydney, Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

After a collaborative partner, University of Adelaide, was identified, the areas of teaching and learning to be benchmarked, PBL approach and assessment, were established. A list of quality indicators for these aspects of teaching and learning were first developed conceptually and then validated by the literature. Then, using a quality enhancement framework, levels of achievement for each indicator were developed.

Findings

The findings are represented as a set of tables. These were mutually developed with the benchmarking partner and represent an agreed model for a benchmarking project to progress to the next stages of implementation and evaluation.

Practical implications

This model can be adapted for any benchmarking project in all levels of education; primary, secondary, tertiary and continuing.

Originality/value

The issue of benchmarking is high on the educational agenda, especially in higher education. The literature reports on a number of projects but with no clear explanation of a method for benchmarking. The fact that this model is evidence‐based in its approach and that it focuses on learning and teaching, also marks it as original and a significant development in this area.
What did you get? A faculty grade comparison
Authors: Cavanaugh Joseph K.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This study investigates how the increased use of part‐time and nontenure‐track instructors may result in grade inflation.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses ten years of registrar data at a Midwest State (USA) institution to perform a multiple regression grade analysis.

Findings

Evidence is found that part‐time and nontenure‐track instructors give higher grades even after accounting for many alternative explanations for grade differences.

Research limitations/implications

The source for the data used for the study is one public institution. Additional studies from a wider range of institution types would be necessary before more definite conclusions can be drawn.

Originality/value

This paper extends the work performed by a number of other authors by analyzing a significantly longer‐time period and by using data not specific to a particular discipline. In addition, this study expands upon past studies by including full‐time nontenure‐track faculty whose numbers are increasing rapidly in higher education. A multiple regression analysis is also used that provides for more robust results and controls for many alternative explanations of grade differences.
IT governance, architectural competency, and the Vasa
Authors: Brown William C.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Aims to discuss the role of information technology (IT) governance in corporate strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

Examines the four elements of IT governance, including value delivery, managing risk, maintaining accountability, and measurement of ongoing programs and activities, in the context of a case study of a warship, the Vasa, commissioned by King Gustavus, that sank shortly after it sailed.

Findings

The legacy of the Vasa helps in understanding the elements of value, risk, and measurement in the broader context of governance and management. The Vasa illustrates the significance of alignment and architectural competency to an enterprise.

Originality/value

Shows that managements' commitment and involvement with IT development at the senior management level, the IT management level, and the project management level significantly enhances the probability of success.
Formulating information systems risk management strategies through cultural theory
Authors: Tsohou Aggeliki , Karyda Maria , Kokolakis Spyros , Kiountouzis Evangelos
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of cultural theory as a tool for identifying patterns in the stakeholders' perception of risk and its effect on information system (IS) risk management.

Design/methodology/approach

Risk management involves a number of human activities which are based on the way the various stakeholders perceive risk associated with IS assets. Cultural theory claims that risk perception within social groups and structures is predictable according to group and individual worldviews; therefore this paper examines the implications of cultural theory on IS risk management as a means for security experts to manage stakeholders perceptions.

Findings

A basic theoretical element of cultural theory is the grid/group typology, where four cultural groups with differentiating worldviews are identified. This paper presents how these worldviews affect the process of IS risk management and suggests key issues to be considered in developing strategies of risk management according to the different perceptions cultural groups have.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this research are based on theoretical analysis and are not supported by relevant empirical research. Further research is also required for incorporating the identified key issues into information security management systems (ISMS).

Originality/value

IS security management overlooks stakeholders' risk perception; for example, there is no scheme developed to understand and manage the perception of IS stakeholders. This paper proposes some key issues that should be taken into account when developing strategies for addressing the issue of understanding and managing the perception of IS stakeholders.
Issue report on business adoption of Microsoft Passport
Authors: Raymond Choo Kim‐Kwang
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility and desirability of using the Microsoft Passport service for client authentication and authorization. It aims to present the business benefits of using Microsoft Passport, an overview (logical) description of the work involved in adopting Microsoft Passport into a business site, and a functional description of how Microsoft Passport works in conceptual terms.

Design/methodology/approach

An analysis of the level of business adoption of passport is then presented.

Findings

The paper concludes that business adoption of Microsoft Passport appears to be losing ground due to lack of trust, control, and privacy; and the proliferation of other identity management paradigms. This issue report is prepared from the perspective of a business analyst and is pitched in terminology suitable for a business audience.

Practical implications

This work provides organisations investigating the feasibility/desirability of using the Microsoft Passport, a fundamental understanding of passport, how passport works in conceptual terms, and the current business adoption status for passport services.

Originality/value

Offers a significant analysis of the feasibility and desirability of using the Microsoft Passport service for client authentication and authorization and its current business adoption.
Trust, privacy, and security in electronic business: the case of the GCC countries
Authors: Karake Shalhoub Zeinab
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The lack of trust in online transactions is one of the main reasons for the relatively low electronic commerce adoption, especially in developing and emerging economies such as those of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

Design/methodology/approach

The author conducts a content analysis of the privacy policies and security mechanisms of a sample of companies from the six countries of the GCC which are engaged in electronic commerce transactions.

Findings

It is found that a large percentage of sites with privacy statements address the issue of notice and awareness, while none of the sites has a provision to inform users in case of any complaint, as to whom they should address their complaint, what is the arbitration and settlement methods, who is the enforcement body and finally what are the penalties and sanctions applicable.

Originality/value

The paper has a number of value adding characteristics; first, it attacks a subject that has been close to being ignored in the literature, that is the issue of electronic commerce in developing economies; second, the paper is unique in that it addresses the use of electronic commerce in the six countries of the GCC (the author knows of no other study done on the region); and, third, the paper concludes with a set of recommendations to policy makers in the GCC, to help them increase consumer trust in online transactions and increase the rat of electronic commerce diffusion in their economies.
E‐supply chain management: an evaluation of current web initiatives
Authors: Lancaster Sean , Yen David C. , Ku Cheng‐Yuan
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To provide an overview of E‐supply chain management (E‐SCM) initiatives, focusing on the evolution and technological drivers of moving to the web. This paper also provides a framework and analysis of current efforts in the automotive, financial services, retail, technology, and transportation sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a qualitative experimental design, case‐study approach. Companies are compared across a variety of factors affecting E‐SCM.

Findings

There is little evidence to support that the size of a firm's revenues correlate to the effectiveness of their E‐SCM efforts.

Research limitations/implications

The research uses a limited number of companies. Additionally, the web sites were evaluated only to the extent which they were made publicly available.

Practical implications

An overview and discussion of E‐SCM is presented. This paper also analyzes selected companies' current web initiatives in the automotive, financial services, retail, technology, and transportation sectors.

Originality/value

This paper uses an original framework to analyze E‐SCM initiatives. Its conclusions would be of interest to individuals with a practical and research interest in E‐SCM.
From bureaucratic organizations to learning organizations
Authors: Jamali D. , Khoury G. , Sahyoun H.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To track changes in management paradigms from the bureaucratic to the post‐bureaucratic to the learning organization model, highlighting core differentiating features of each paradigm as well as necessary ingredients for successful evolution.

Design/methodology/approach

The article takes the form of a literature review and critical analysis.

Findings

The complexity of the learning organization necessitates gradual evolution. The successful integration of the characteristics of post‐bureaucratic firms – empowerment, teamwork, trust, communication, commitment, and flexibility – coupled with an emergent systems perspective can provide improved understanding of how the learning organization disciplines may actually materialize.

Originality/value

Linking two traditionally encapsulated areas of research namely post‐bureaucratic organizations and learning organizations, highlighting an interesting roadmap for successful convergence of post‐bureaucratic organizations towards learning organizations.
Strategy and the learning organization: a maturity model for the formation of strategy
Authors: Kenny John
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To develop a theoretical model for strategic change that links learning in an organization to the strategic process.

Design/methodology/approach

The model was developed from a review of literature covering a range of areas including: management, strategic planning, psychology of learning and organizational learning. The process of forming and implementing strategy in an organization was looked at critically and then the links between learning and strategy were explored, particularly in relation to innovation and radical strategic change.

Findings

The degree of correspondence found across various strands of the literature implies a general principle: that the development of strategy is closely linked with learning. The paper proposes that, if appropriately designed, purposeful strategic activity will help to develop an organizational learning culture. As the strategic planning process is widely accepted across all sectors of the economy, it has the potential; to provide an effective means of directing resources in order to achieve desirable learning within an organization towards its long‐term viability.

Originality/value

The paper develops a theoretical model of strategy formation, called “The maturity model for strategy formation”, which describes a developmental continuum for strategy based on the application of appropriate strategic approaches which are linked to suitable learning approaches and a consideration of the roles of management and staff in the change process.
Knowledge management and the competitive strategy of the firm
Authors: Halawi Leila A. , McCarthy Richard V. , Aronson Jay E.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Knowledge management (KM) has emerged as a strategy to improve organizational competitiveness. Our purpose is to identify the relationship between KM and the firm's competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

We review the existing literature on KM and strategy formulation. We utilize the resource‐based view approach as a lens for fitting KM with strategic planning. The concept of strategy and KM integration is introduced.

Findings

We relate KM strategies to business strategy through a thorough review of the literature.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should investigate the circumstances under which KM can create a sustainable competitive advantage within the framework of the RBV. Another area involves the investigation of the degree of integration between the competitive strategy and KM strategy.

Practical implications

A very useful source of information for practitioners to refine their thinking about KM and the firm strategic resources. It offers the practitioner a framework for understanding strategy concepts while illustrating how we can derive business results from KM.

Originality/value

This paper offers practical help for corporate executives and practitioners embarking in a KM initiative or program.
We will teach you the steps but you will never learn to dance
Authors: Turner Jane , Mavin Sharon , Minocha Sonal
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To critique individual learning experiences in organization, explore the role people play in inhibiting learning in organization and explore theories of individual learning as “theories in use”, drawing on a metaphor of steps and dance.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a subjective qualitative approach engaging in semi‐structured interviews with individual participants and narrative data analysis. A metaphor of “steps” and “dance” is used to analyse narrative data and theories “in use”; the “steps” imply a fixed form which constrains the individual within the confines of the job role, while the “dance” relates to a fluidity and flexibility which enables individuals to express movement and therefore learning.

Findings

Empirical data reveal a level of “not learning” in practice and raise the significance of both upward and downward feedback and questioning in learning levels. Results highlight the management‐employee relationship and the crucial role of managers in unlocking or inhibiting individual learning. In “Scriptorg” individuals are trapped in a cycle of “not learning” or at best single loop learning; new steps are inhibited by the management approach and there is no evidence of “dancing” in learning terms.

Originality/value

The paper examines theoretical insights in practice through case study exploration to highlight the significance of managers in inhibiting individual learning in organization and reinforces that practitioners should focus on interventions that unlock managerial learning, addressing the psychological and behavioural characteristics of managers, consequently enabling individuals to dance.
Improving inter‐spatial comparison of construction costs
Authors: Walsh Kenneth D. , Sawhney Anil , Vachris Michelle A.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare construction costs between nations, which is an important part of international economic statistics. Methods employed for these comparisons to date have yielded questionable results. The paper presents a summary of the problem and the results of proof‐of‐concept testing for a new method.

Design/methodology/approach

Prices were estimated for a simple basket of two construction components using cost‐estimating guides for several nations. Both developed and developing nations were included. The prices were obtained for the components installed in the field, including labor, equipment, and materials. Purchasing power parities (PPPs) were calculated from the baskets.

Findings

The results indicate that the basket of construction components approach provides construction sector results much more in keeping with the overall consumption PPPs for the countries tested. This result suggests that the values obtained from this method provide a reasonable measure of construction price differentials. The method also requires substantially fewer resources than previous project‐based approaches.

Originality/value

Because the construction sector represents a significant fraction of global economic activity, it is important to incorporate this sector into the overall process accurately. The construction sector is difficult to compare, but ironically is often a large share of economic activity in developing countries, where comparison is most important. This paper presents a potential solution to a vexing problem in construction econometrics.
Strategies for managing environmental issues in construction organizations
Authors: Fergusson H. , Langford D.A.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to study the strategies used by construction organizations in dealing with environmental issues. It identifies the factors which govern a firm's performance in respect of environmental management and explores the management strategies which are used to generate good environmental performance. The paper also seeks to consider the techniques adopted in pursuit of these strategies and to compare their effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

The research reviews the strategic management and environmental management and then proceeds to a case study investigation of six construction organizations. The case studies seek to uncover the variables that influence strategies for managing environmental issues. A cross‐case analysis provides an indication of the characteristics of those companies that demonstrate a higher environmental concern.

Findings

As environmental strategies are developed, the competencies in managing environmental issues will grow and lead to improved business performance. The growth in an organization's environmental competence provides the opportunity for increased competitive advantage.

Originality/value

A model is developed which illustrates the relationship between environmental management, business strategy and competitive advantage.
A knowledge‐based automated development permit approval process in the housing industry
Authors: Al‐Hussein M. , Kumar J. , Sharma V. , Mah D.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The residential construction industry has a major share in Canada's GDP. In spite of huge spending and technical advances in the residential construction sector, the current permit approval process still adheres to traditional manual permit approval process. Consequently, this has contributed to project delays and increased monetary costs to the stakeholders associated with the process. The research presented in this paper seeks to explore key issues related to the current housing development permit approval process.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper describes a proposed methodology for the automation of the residential construction development permit approval process. The proposed methodology has been incorporated into a computer system that integrates a knowledge‐based expert system (KBES), database management system (DBMS), and computer‐aided design (CAD). Various concepts related to the database structures, system architecture, process flow and user interfaces are introduced and described in the context of the development permit approval process.

Findings

This paper presents a knowledge‐based prototype for the development permit approval process that can be customized as per the needs of various cities. A case study is also presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and to illustrate the implementation of the research.

Research limitations/implications

The prototype is application‐independent and may be implemented anywhere in the AutoCAD environment. The research paves the way for the setting of drafting standards for the residential industry.

Originality/value

Prototype provides significant gains in productivity and accuracy over the current practices by minimizing the redundancies involved in the development permit approval process.