bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Headaches in Pediatric Patients during the Past Decade: Comparative Analysis by Age Group from a Multicenter Study in Korea
Authors: Park Eu Gene , Han Seung Beom , Lee Jin , Kim Jee Min , Han Ji Yoon
Published: September 2024

Background: Headache is a common complaint during childhood and adolescence. It is important to be aware of the characteristics of pediatric headaches in order to make a precise and timely diagnosis. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of pediatric headaches according to the underlying etiology and age group. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3374 pediatric patients (2667 with primary headache [PH] and 707 with secondary headache [SH]) who presented with headaches at two centers between January 2012 and November 2023. Results: The incidence of PH was significantly higher in adolescents (40.1% vs. 22.9%), whereas that of SH was considerably higher in preschoolers (37.5% vs. 16.3%) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of headaches attributed to infection was significantly higher in preschool and school-aged children (90.8% vs. 80.2%, p < 0.001); adolescents exhibited significantly higher frequencies of cranial and cervical vascular disorders (3.7% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.044) and psychiatric disorders (5.6% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed between preschool/school-aged children and adolescents in terms of headache characteristics and the prevalence of headache-associated symptoms (60.4% vs. 74.1%, p < 0.001 in PH), neurologic abnormalities (10.2% vs. 23.6%, p < 0.001 in PH; 2.4% vs. 11.7%, p < 0.001 in SH), and headache triggers (19.9% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.008 in PH; 2.0% vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001 in SH). Conclusions: Recognizing the etiology and age-specific differences in the clinical characteristics of headaches is crucial for an accurate and timely diagnosis. Tailoring the diagnostic approach accordingly helps to achieve optimal outcomes in pediatric patients with headaches.
The Effect of Visual Word Segmentation Cues in Tibetan Reading
Authors: Wang Danhui , Niu Dingyi , Li Tianzhi , Gao Xiaolei
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: In languages with within-word segmentation cues, the removal or replacement of these cues in a text hinders reading and lexical recognition, and adversely affects saccade target selection during reading. However, the outcome of artificially introducing visual word segmentation cues into a language that lacks them is unknown. Tibetan exemplifies a language that does not provide visual cues for word segmentation, relying solely on visual cues for morpheme segmentation. Moreover, previous studies have not examined word segmentation in the Tibetan language. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of artificially incorporated visual word segmentation cues and basic units of information processing in Tibetan reading. Methods: We used eye-tracking technology and conducted two experiments with Tibetan sentences that artificially incorporated interword spaces and color alternation markings as visual segmentation cues. Conclusions: The results indicated that interword spaces facilitate reading and lexical recognition and aid in saccade target selection during reading. Color alternation markings facilitate reading and vocabulary recognition but do not affect saccade selection. Words are more likely to be the basic units of information processing and exhibit greater psychological reality than morphemes. These findings shed light on the nature and rules of Tibetan reading and provide fundamental data to improve eye movement control models for reading alphabetic writing systems. Furthermore, our results may offer practical guidance and a scientific basis for improving the efficiency of reading, information processing, and word segmentation in Tibetan reading.
Environmental Lighting Conditions, Phenomenal Contrast, and the Conscious Perception of Near and Far
Authors: Dresp-Langley Birgitta , Reeves Adam J.
Published: September 2024

Background: Recent evidence in systems neuroscience suggests that lighting conditions affect the whole chain of brain processing, from retina to high-level cortical networks, for perceptual and cognitive function. Here, visual adaptation levels to three different environmental lighting conditions, (1) darkness, (2) daylight, and (3) prolonged exposure to very bright light akin to sunlight, were simulated in lab to investigate the effects of light adaptation levels on classic cases of subjective contrast, assimilation, and contrast-induced relative depth in achromatic, i.e., ON–OFF pathway mediated visual configurations. Methods: After adaptation/exposure to a given lighting condition, configurations were shown in grouped and ungrouped conditions in random order to healthy young humans in computer-controlled two-alternative forced-choice procedures that consisted of deciding, as quickly as possible, which of two background patterns in a given configuration of achromatic contrast appeared lighter, or which of two foreground patterns appeared to stand out in front, as if it were nearer to the observer. Results: We found a statistically significant effect of the adaptation levels on the consciously perceived subjective contrast (F(2,23) = 20.73; p < 0.001) and the relative depth (F(2,23) = 12.67; p < 0.001), a statistically significant interaction between the adaptation levels and the grouping factor (F(2,23) = 4.73; p < 0.05) on subjective contrast, and a statistically significant effect of the grouping factor on the relative depth (F(2,23) = 13.71; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Visual adaption to different lighting conditions significantly alters the conscious perception of contrast and assimilation, classically linked to non-linear functional synergies between ON and OFF processing channels in the visual brain, and modulates the repeatedly demonstrated effectiveness of luminance contrast as a depth cue; the physically brighter pattern regions in the configurations are no longer consistently perceived as nearer to a conscious observer under daylight and extreme bright light adapted (rod-saturated) conditions.
Differences in Marital Satisfaction and Intention for Subsequent Childbirth by Latent Profile of Family Values among Parents with Young Children in Korea
Authors: Choi Youseok , Lim Ji-young
Published: September 2024

Background: The focus is on family values, marital satisfaction, and the intention for subsequent childbirth. By classifying parents based on family values and examining marital satisfaction and the intention for subsequent childbirth within these groups, the study will provide insights into future childbirth trends and identify factors influencing the intention for subsequent childbirth among different groups. Methods: This study was conducted with parents of children aged 0 to 5 attending six daycare centers in Korea, using a questionnaire to gather responses regarding family values, intention for subsequent childbirth, and marital satisfaction. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the characteristics of the key variables, and latent profile analysis was conducted to classify latent groups based on family values. In the verification of differences, the three-step approach was used. Results: First, the latent profile analysis revealed three groups: the ‘neutral values group’ with lower emphasis on gender roles compared to other group, the ‘individualistic values group’ with lower values on marriage and children but higher emphasis on gender roles, and the ‘family-centered values group’ characterized by higher levels of various sub-factors in overall family values. Second, comparing marital satisfaction and intention for subsequent childbirth among latent groups, the FCVG showed significantly higher levels than the TVG and the IVG. Conclusions: In their marriages, couples differed in the values they held regarding parenting, marriage, and children. Therefore, maintaining strong values in marriage and parenting and establishing a family serve as the foundation for realizing new selfhood through parenthood. Simultaneously, forming values within the new roles of being a spouse and a parent is crucial.
Statistical Evaluation and Reliability Analysis of Interface Shear Capacity in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Members
Authors: Poudel Bipul , Kalmogo Philippe , Aaleti Sriram
Published: September 2024

The use of UHPC as an overlay and repair material in the bridge industry has been increasing recently. Ensuring sufficient interface shear strength between the substrate and UHPC is necessary for adequate performance and the structural integrity of the composite section. Due to the lack of structural design code for UHPC members, designers often rely on experimental data developed by researchers or on existing conventional concrete design code to predict the interface shear capacity of sections containing UHPC. The various test methods currently used to quantify the interface shear strength oftentimes produce different results. The objectives of this paper are to create a database of the studies on the interface shear strength of UHPC members available in the literature and carry out a statistical assessment. Moreover, a reliability analysis is conducted on the collected experimental database, and the probability of failure is determined for UHPC–concrete, UHPC–UHPC, and monolithic UHPC interfaces. The paper also investigates the dependence of the reliability index on two different test methods used for interface shear capacity prediction. Additionally, a simpler interface shear capacity model with readily determined parameters is proposed for the monolithic UHPC interface, with a better reliability index compared to current design specification.
Monitoring Early-Stage Evolution of Free Water Content in Alkali-Activated Slag Systems by Using 1H Low-Field NMR
Authors: Guo An , Mu Fanyuan , Zhang Ting , Wu Jiandong , Sun Zhenping , Yang Jingbin
Published: September 2024

In the present study, the evolution of free water content in five different alkali-activated slag (AAS) systems was continuously monitored and compared using 1H low-field NMR. The alkali activators used were waterglass solutions with three different moduli (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6), sodium hydroxide solution, and sodium sulfate solution. The findings reveal that the type of activator significantly affected the dynamic changes in the relative free water content. Notably, an increase in free water content was observed in the early stages of hydration of all AAS systems except for those activated by sodium sulfate solution. Additionally, this study investigated the relationship between changes in free water content and hydration heat in the AAS systems, dividing the initial 24 h of AAS hydration into three stages. The results demonstrate that free water can serve as an effective probe for monitoring the hydration process in fresh AAS pastes, offering valuable insights alongside traditional thermal signals.
Green Technology: Performance of Sustainable Asphalt Mixes Modified with Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Waste
Authors: Suleiman Ghassan , Abu Taqa Ala , Ergun Murat , Qtiashat Deya , Aburumman Mervat O. , Mohsen Mohamed O. , Senouci Ahmed , Kesten Ali Sercan
Published: September 2024

This experimental study evaluated the performance of modified asphalt mixtures prepared by incorporating 2%, 4%, and 6% linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) by weight of asphalt binder through a series of tests. The microstructural analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted on asphalt samples to assess the engineering properties of the asphalt mixes. Finally, ANOVA statistical analysis has been employed to determine the statistical significance of the differences in all tests’ means. Based on laboratory findings, the Marshall stability test result showed that the modified asphalt mixes up to 4% LLDPE had enhanced performance by 12.7% compared to the control mix. A significant decrease (up to 31.3%) in binder penetration was demonstrated due to the incorporation of LLDPE into the asphalt mix. The softening point of the LLDPE–asphalt mixes was increased by up to 17.6%. It was also demonstrated that the incorporation of such LLDPE dosages maintains the flow limits within the specified range; however, the flow of the asphalt mix with 4% LLDPE was 3.17 mm which is the nearest to the average value of the upper and lower acceptable limits. The air voids of mixes with LLDPE content more than 4% by was decreased to less than 4% which is not recommended in high-temperature climates to control mixture bleeding. Microscopic analysis revealed an improvement in the densification of asphalt microstructures, attributed to the LLDPE particles significantly changing the rheology and viscosity of the base mixture and making the hot asphalt mixture more homogeneous. Based on the physical and rheological properties investigated in this study, it could be concluded that 4% LLDPE produces the best performance in asphalt mixtures. Overall, the ANOVA analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of LLDPE into asphalt mixes has a significant impact on all of their properties.
The Role of Solar Photovoltaic Roofs in Energy-Saving Buildings: Research Progress and Future Development Trends
Authors: Yin Qing , Li Ailin , Han Chunmiao
Published: September 2024

The depletion of global resources has intensified efforts to address energy scarcity. One promising area is the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) roofs for energy savings. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 333 articles published between 1993 and 2023 in the Web of Science (WOS) core database to provide a global overview of research on solar photovoltaic (PV) roofs, with a particular emphasis on their energy-saving benefits. The analysis identifies current trends and future development trajectories in this field. Over the past three decades, research on solar PV roofs has shown steady growth, progressing from initial exploration to stable development. Key research themes include integrating renewable energy with building efficiency, the synergistic benefits of green roofs and PV systems, the design and practical application of PV-integrated roofs, and optimization techniques for parametric models. Future research will likely prioritize the efficient integration of PV components with roof maintenance structures, shifting from solely assessing PV component performance to evaluating the holistic performance of roofs and their broader impact on the built environment. This shift underscores the importance of improving the overall sustainability of the building. By aligning research efforts with these emerging trends, stakeholders can contribute to developing more effective and sustainable energy solutions for the future.
The Multimodality Management of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours
Authors: Seres Remus , Hameed Hassan , McCabe Martin G. , Russell David , Lee Alexander T. J.
Published: September 2024

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are aggressive sarcomas that have nerve sheath differentiation and can present at any anatomical site. They can arise from precursor neurofibroma in the context of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or as de novo and sporadic tumours in the absence of an underlying genetic predisposition. The primary therapeutic approach is most often radical surgery, with non-surgical modalities playing an important role, especially in locally advanced or metastatic cases. The aim of multimodality approaches is to optimize both local and systemic control while keeping to a minimum acute and late treatment morbidity. Advances in the understanding of the underlying biology of MPNSTs in both sporadic and NF-1-related contexts are essential for the management and implementation of novel therapeutic approaches.
Vascular Biomarkers for Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy: Arteries vs. Veins
Authors: Yu Tong , Zhao Xiaoyan , Leader Joseph K. , Wang Jing , Meng Xin , Herman James , Wilson David , Pu Jiantao
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between the arteries and veins surrounding a pulmonary nodule and its malignancy. Methods: A dataset of 146 subjects from a LDCT lung cancer screening program was used in this study. AI algorithms were used to automatically segment and quantify nodules and their surrounding macro-vasculature. The macro-vasculature was differentiated into arteries and veins. Vessel branch count, volume, and tortuosity were quantified for arteries and veins at different distances from the nodule surface. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression (LR) analyses were performed, with a special emphasis on the nodules with diameters ranging from 8 to 20 mm. ROC-AUC was used to assess the performance based on the k-fold cross-validation method. Average feature importance was evaluated in several machine learning models. Results: The LR models using macro-vasculature features achieved an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86) for all nodules and an AUC of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54–0.80) for nodules between 8–20 mm. Models including macro-vasculature features, demographics, and CT-derived nodule features yielded an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87–0.96) for all nodules and an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.92) for nodules between 8–20 mm. In terms of feature importance, arteries within 5.0 mm from the nodule surface were the highest-ranked among macro-vasculature features and retained their significance even with the inclusion of demographics and CT-derived nodule features. Conclusions: Arteries within 5.0 mm from the nodule surface emerged as a potential biomarker for effectively discriminating between malignant and benign nodules.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for the Treatment of Primary Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Suleja Agata , Bilski Mateusz , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Fazekas Tamás , Matsukawa Akihiro , Tsuboi Ichiro , Mancon Stefano , Schulz Robert , Soeterik Timo F. W. , Przydacz Mikołaj , Nyk Łukasz , Rajwa Paweł , Majewski Wojciech , Campi Riccardo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Miszczyk Marcin
Published: September 2024

Context: Surgery is the gold standard for the local treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but alternatives are emerging. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the results of prospective studies using definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat primary localised RCC. Evidence acquisition: This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023447274). We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for reports of prospective studies published since 2003, describing the outcomes of SBRT for localised RCC. Meta-analyses were performed for local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and rates of adverse events (AEs) using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs). Outcomes were presented as rates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Risk-of-bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Evidence synthesis: Of the 2983 records, 13 prospective studies (n = 308) were included in the meta-analysis. The median diameter of the irradiated tumours ranged between 1.9 and 5.5 cm in individual studies. Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 15 patients, and their estimated rate was 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01–0.11; n = 291). One- and two-year LC rates were 0.98 (95%CI: 0.95–0.99; n = 293) and 0.97 (95%CI: 0.93–0.99; n = 253), while one- and two-year OS rates were 0.95 (95%CI: 0.88–0.98; n = 294) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.77–0.91; n = 224). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity, and the estimations were consistent after excluding studies at a high risk of bias in a sensitivity analysis. Major limitations include a relatively short follow-up, inhomogeneous reporting of renal function deterioration, and a lack of prospective comparative evidence. Conclusions: The short-term results suggest that SBRT is a valuable treatment method for selected inoperable patients (or those who refuse surgery) with localised RCC associated with low rates of high-grade AEs and excellent LC. However, until the long-term data from randomised controlled trials are available, surgical management remains a standard of care in operable patients.
Surgical Technique and Implementation of Total Minimally Invasive (Laparo-Thoracoscopic) Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy for Cancer
Authors: Puccetti Francesco , Battaglia Silvia , Carresi Agnese , Cinelli Lorenzo , Turi Stefano , Elmore Ugo , Rosati Riccardo ,   the OSR CCeR Collaborative Group
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Esophagectomy represents a major oncological operation due to the surgical involvement of both the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The minimally invasive technique has been developed to minimize the operative impact on patients undergoing esophageal resections, often presenting with nutritional deterioration and poor functional reserves. Methods: The present article provides an illustrative description of the total minimally invasive (laparo-thoracoscopic) Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for cancer integrated with complementary components of perioperative clinical management. This standardized surgical technique of two-field esophagectomy (i.e., laparoscopy and thoracoscopy) was depicted based on the experience of a tertiary center for esophageal cancer care with more than 1500 cases operated on, and in accordance with the SUPER reporting guidelines. Results and conclusions: The accomplishment of the following descriptive and illustrative content allowed the development of remarks on the strengths and possible flaws of this specific procedure, providing a measurable opportunity to absorb technical details of the most widespread surgical resection for esophageal cancer worldwide.
A Proteomic Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a Moroccan Subpopulation
Authors: Reffai Ayman , Hori Michelle , Adusumilli Ravali , Bermudez Abel , Bouzoubaa Abdelilah , Pitteri Sharon , Bennani Mechita Mohcine , Mallick Parag
Published: September 2024

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct cancer of the head and neck that is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia and North Africa. Though an extensive analysis of environmental and genetic contributors has been performed, very little is known about the proteome of this disease. A proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues can provide valuable information on protein expression and molecular patterns for both increasing our understanding of the disease and for biomarker discovery. To date, very few NPC proteomic studies have been performed, and none focused on patients from Morocco and North Africa. Methods: Label-free Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to perform a proteomic analysis of FFPE tissue samples from a cohort of 41 NPC tumor samples of Morocco and North Africa origins. The LC-MS/MS data from this cohort were analyzed alongside 21 healthy controls using MaxQuant 2.4.2.0. A differential expression analysis was performed using the MSstats package in R. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotations were carried out using the DAVID bioinformatic tool. Results: 3341 proteins were identified across our NPC cases, revealing three main clusters and five DEPs with prognostic significance. The sex disparity of NPC was investigated from a proteomic perspective in which 59 DEPs were found between males and females, with significantly enriched terms associated with the immune response and gene expression. Furthermore, 26 DEPs were observed between patients with early and advanced stages of NPC with a significant cluster related to the immune response, implicating up-regulated DEPs such as IGHA, IGKC, and VAT1. Across both datasets, 6532 proteins were quantified between NPC patients and healthy controls. Among them, 1507 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were observed. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed enriched terms of DEPs related to increased cellular activity, cell proliferation, and survival. PI3K and MAPK proteins as well as RAC1 BCL2 and PPIA were found to be overexpressed between cancer tissues and healthy controls. EBV infection was also one of the enriched pathways implicating its latent genes like LMP1 and LMP2 that activate several proteins and signaling pathways including NF-Kappa B, MAPK, and JAK-STAT pathways. Conclusion: Our findings unveil the proteomic landscape of NPC for the first time in the Moroccan population. These studies additionally may provide a foundation for identifying potential biomarkers. Further research is still needed to help develop tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of NPC in Moroccan and North African populations.
Unveiling the Inflammatory Landscape of Recurrent Glioblastoma through Histological-Based Assessments
Authors: Dadario Nicholas B. , Boyett Deborah M. , Teasley Damian E. , Chabot Peter J. , Winans Nathan J. , Argenziano Michael G. , Sperring Colin P. , Canoll Peter , Bruce Jeffrey N.
Published: September 2024

The glioblastoma (GBM) tumor microenvironment consists of a heterogeneous mixture of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, including immune cells. Tumor recurrence following standard-of-care therapy results in a rich landscape of inflammatory cells throughout the glioma-infiltrated cortex. Immune cells consisting of glioma-associated macrophages and microglia (GAMMs) overwhelmingly constitute the bulk of the recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) microenvironment, in comparison to the highly cellular and proliferative tumor microenvironment characteristic of primary GBM. These immune cells dynamically interact within the tumor microenvironment and can contribute to disease progression and therapy resistance while also providing novel targets for emerging immunotherapies. Within these varying contexts, histological-based assessments of immune cells in rGBM, including immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF), offer a critical way to visualize and examine the inflammatory landscape. Here, we exhaustively review the available body of literature on the inflammatory landscape in rGBM as identified through histological-based assessments. We highlight the heterogeneity of immune cells throughout the glioma-infiltrated cortex with a focus on microglia and macrophages, drawing insights from canonical and novel immune-cell histological markers to estimate cell phenotypes and function. Lastly, we discuss opportunities for immunomodulatory treatments aiming to harness the inflammatory landscape in rGBM.
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Preoperative and Intraoperative Marking in Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi , Nakamura Shota , Ueno Harushi , Kadomatsu Yuka , Kato Taketo , Mizuno Tetsuya
Published: September 2024

The widespread implementation of lung cancer screening and thin-slice computed tomography (CT) has led to the more frequent detection of small nodules, which are commonly referred to thoracic surgeons. Surgical resection is the final diagnostic and treatment option for such nodules; however, surgeons must perform preoperative or intraoperative markings for the identification of such nodules and their precise resection. Historically, hook-wire marking has been performed more frequently worldwide; however, lethal complications, such as air embolism, have been reported. Therefore, several surgeons have recently attempted to develop novel preoperative and intraoperative markers. For example, transbronchial markings, such as virtual-assisted lung mapping and intraoperative markings using cone-beam computed tomography, have been developed. This review explores various marking methods that have been practically applied for a better understanding of preoperative and intraoperative markings in thoracic surgery. Recently, several attempts have been made to perform intraoperative molecular imaging and dynamic virtual three-dimensional computed tomography for the localization, diagnosis, and margin assessment of small nodules. In this narrative review, the current status and future perspectives of preoperative and intraoperative markings in thoracic surgery are examined for a better understanding of these techniques.
TAS2R Receptor Response Helps Design New Antimicrobial Molecules for the 21st Century
Authors: Sambu Sammy
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) requires the provision of learnable data to successfully deliver requisite prediction power. In this article, it is demonstrable that standard physico-chemical parameters, while useful, are insufficient for the development of powerful antimicrobial prediction algorithms. Initial models that focussed solely on the values extractable from the knowledge on electrotopological, structural and constitutional descriptors did not meet the acceptance criteria for classifying antimicrobial activity. In contrast, efforts to conceptually define the diametric opposite of an antimicrobial compound helped to advance the predicted category as a learnable trait. Remarkably, the inclusion of ligand–receptor interactions using the ability of the molecules to stimulate transmembrane TAS2Rs receptor helped to increase the ability to distinguish the antimicrobial molecules from the inactive ones, confirming the hypothesis of a predictor–predicted synergy behind bitterness psychophysics and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, in a single bio–endogenic psychophysical vector representation, this manuscript helps demonstrate the contribution to parametrization and the identification of relevant chemical manifolds for molecular design and (re-)engineering. This novel approach to the development of AI models accelerated molecular design and facilitated the selection of newer, more powerful antimicrobial agents. This is especially valuable in an age where antimicrobial resistance could be ruinous to modern health systems.
Effect of Smart Aggregate Size on Mesostructure and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Li Yupeng , Mao Chengxin , Sun Mengyang , Hong Jinlong , Zhao Xin , Li Pengfei , Xiao Jingjing
Published: September 2024

In recent years, smart aggregates have emerged as a promising tool for monitoring the movement of and changes in particles inside asphalt mixtures. However, there remain significant differences between smart aggregates and real rock aggregates, particularly the lack of an asphalt coating on the surface of smart aggregates. Currently, the research on the impact of smart aggregates themselves on the structure and properties of asphalt mixtures is lacking. Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of smart aggregate size on the mesostructure and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Firstly, based on laboratory tests and the discrete element method (DEM), discrete element models of asphalt mixture specimens containing smart aggregates of various sizes were constructed, followed by simulated compaction tests. The effects of smart aggregate size on the mesostructure of asphalt mixture voids were then analyzed. Lastly, in this study, the changes in the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures were explored with increasing smart aggregate size and the underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that as the size of smart aggregates increases, the average void ratio of the asphalt mixture specimens decreases, but the heterogeneity of the void distribution increases. Additionally, with the increase in smart aggregate size, the dynamic modulus of the mixture specimens decreases. Further strain analysis of the specimens suggests that the increase in cross-sectional deformation is the primary cause of the reduction in modulus.
Using Citizen Science to Document Biodiversity on a University Campus: A Year-Long Case Study
Authors: Baker Peter M. , Samuels Brendon , Hain Timothy J. A.
Published: September 2024

Citizen science is a rapidly growing field, particularly among young scientists. In this case study, we review a year-long citizen science initiative hosted at Western University, Canada, which aimed to document and highlight biodiversity on campus while simultaneously seeking to improve community engagement with the environment. Using the popular citizen science platform iNaturalist, we facilitated data collection and community engagement through a combination of informal field surveys, undergraduate-level course assignments, social media, and passive data submission. Throughout the first year of the initiative, nearly 300 community members submitted 3716 observations of 1225 species, including observations of 103 species documented on iNaturalist for the first time in the region, and other species of ecological significance. This citizen science project underscores the strengths and utility of citizen science and provides a framework for other higher education institutions to develop similar initiatives.
Doped, Two-Dimensional, Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Low-Concentration Regime
Authors: Baithi Mallesh , Duong Dinh Loc
Published: September 2024

Doping semiconductors is crucial for controlling their carrier concentration and enabling their application in devices such as diodes and transistors. Furthermore, incorporating magnetic dopants can induce magnetic properties in semiconductors, paving the way for spintronic devices without an external magnetic field. This review highlights recent advances in growing doped, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors through various methods, like chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor transport, and flux methods. It also discusses approaches for achieving n- and p-type doping in 2D TMDC semiconductors. Notably, recent progress in doping 2D TMDC semiconductors to induce ferromagnetism and the development of quantum emitters is covered. Experimental techniques for achieving uniform doping in chemical vapor deposition and chemical vapor transport methods are discussed, along with the challenges, opportunities, and potential solutions for growing uniformly doped 2D TMDC semiconductors.
Long Term Evaluation of Quantitative Cumulative Irradiation in Patients Suffering from ILDs
Authors: Berg Julien , Frix Anne-Noelle , Henket Monique , Gester Fanny , Winandy Marie , Canivet Perrine , Njock Makon-Sébastien , Thys Marie , Desir Colin , Meunier Paul , Louis Renaud , Malchair Francoise , Guiot Julien
Published: September 2024

Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are an heterogeneous group of infiltrating lung pathologies, for which prompt diagnosis and continuous assessment are of paramount importance. While chest CT is an established diagnostic tool for ILDs, there are no formal guidelines on the follow-up regimen, leaving the frequency and modality of follow-up largely at the clinician’s discretion. Methods: The study retrospectively evaluated the indication of chest CT in a cohort of 129 ILD patients selected from the ambulatory care polyclinic at University Hospital of Liège. The aim was to determine whether the imagining acquisition had a true impact on clinical course and follow-up. We accepted three different situations for justifying the indication of the CTs: clinical deterioration, a decrease in pulmonary function tests (at least a 10% drop in a parameter), and monitoring for oncological purposes. The other indications, mainly routine follow-up, were classified as “non-justified”. Radiation dose output was evaluated with Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) and Dose Length Product (DLP). Results: The mean number of CT scans per patient per year was 1.7 ± 0.4, determining irradiation in CTDI (mGy)/year of 34.9 ± 64.9 and DLP in (mGy*cm)/year of 1095 ± 1971. The percentage of justified CT scans was 57 ± 32%, while the scans justified a posteriori were 60 ± 34%. Around 40% of the prescribed monitoring CT scans had no impact on the management of ILD and direct patient care. Conclusions: Our study identifies a trend of overuse in chest CT scans at follow-up (up to 40%), outside those performed for clinical exacerbation or oncological investigation. In the particular case of ILD exacerbation, CT scan value remains high, underlying the benefit of this strategy.
Novel Treatment for Pre-XDR Tuberculosis Linked to a Lethal Case of Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Kotoulas Serafeim-Chrysovalantis , Poulios Pavlos , Chasapidou Georgia , Angeloudi Elena , Bargiota Triantafyllenia , Stougianni Maria , Manika Katerina , Mouloudi Eleni
Published: September 2024

The management of resistant tuberculosis (tb) can be extremely difficult, especially in case of novel unpredicted complications. In this report, we present a case of a 48-year-old patient with pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tb who received a treatment regimen including pretomanid, bedaquiline, linezolid, cycloserine, and amikacin and died due to myocarditis. Acquired resistance to first- and second-line drugs developed due to previous poor adherence to medication. The clinical presentation of the patient, along with her initial ultrasonographical, electrocardiogram (ECG), and laboratory examinations, were typical for acute myocarditis; however, the patient was considered unstable, and further investigations, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pericardiocentesis, and endomyocardial biopsy were not performed. To our knowledge, this is the first case of myocarditis in such a patient, the clinical features of which raised a high suspicion of drug induction that could be attributed to the treatment regimen that was administered. Clinicians who manage cases of drug-resistant tb should be aware of this newly reported, potentially lethal, adverse event.
Comparing Point-of-Care Technology to ELISA Testing for Infliximab and Adalimumab Levels in Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Bonazzi Erica , Maniero Daria , Lorenzon Greta , Bertin Luisa , Bray Kurtis , Bahur Bayda , Barberio Brigida , Zingone Fabiana , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has proven to be a valuable strategy for optimizing biologic therapies, among which are anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatments in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In particular, reactive TDM has been shown to manage treatment failures more cost-effectively than empirical dose adjustments for anti-TNF drugs. However, several challenges currently impede the widespread adoption of TDM in clinical practice, particularly addressing the delay between sample collection and result availability. To overcome this limitation, the use of point-of-care technology tests (POCTs) is a potential solution. Point-of-care technology tests are medical diagnostic tests performed at the site of patient care to provide immediate results, allowing for quicker decision-making and treatment. The current standard of care (SOC) for drug level measurement relies on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a method that is time-consuming and requires specialized personnel. This study aims to evaluate a novel, user-friendly, and efficient POCT method (ProciseDx Inc.) and compare its performance with the SOC ELISA in assessing infliximab and adalimumab levels in blood samples from IBD patients. Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, we collected blood samples from IBD patients, both CD and UC, receiving infliximab (87 IBD patients; 50% UC and 50% CD) or adalimumab (60 patients; 14% UC and 48% CD) and we analyzed the blood’s drugs levels using both the ProciseDx Analyzer POC and the SOC ELISA. We examined the correlation between the two methods using statistical analyses, including the Deming regression test. Additionally, we assessed the ease of use, turnaround time, and overall practicality of the POCT in a clinical setting. Results: The ProciseDx test demonstrated a strong correlation with the SOC ELISA for measuring both infliximab and adalimumab levels. In particular, the overall correlation between the ProciseDx POCT and the ELISA assessments showed an r coefficient of 0.83 with an R squared value of 0.691 (95% CI 0.717–0.902) for IFX measurements, and an r coefficient of 0.85 with an R squared value of 0.739 (95% CI 0.720–0.930). Conclusions: the ProciseDx POC test offers significantly faster turnaround times and is more straightforward to use, making it a viable alternative for routine clinical monitoring. Despite its promising potential, further refinement and validation of the ProciseDx test are necessary to ensure its effectiveness across diverse patient populations and clinical settings. Future research should focus on optimizing the POC tests’ performance and evaluating its long-term impact on IBD management.
Building Bobcat Bounty: The Design, Implementation, and Initial Evaluation of a Student-Led Food Pantry to Address College Student Food Insecurity
Authors: Biediger-Friedman Lesli , Johnson Cassandra M. , Thornton Hannah , Buckley Marissa
Published: September 2024

Background: Campus food pantries can address food insecurity among college students, but little is known about how to create a model at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). This study evaluated a food pantry, which was part of a learning community for dietetics and nutrition students at an HSI. Methods: The Bobcat Bounty food pantry was created and evaluated using a mixed-methods approach, including food inventories before and after each pantry, observations of operations (written by volunteers at each pantry, n = 27), new client intake (n = 947) and client satisfaction surveys (n = 267)), and stakeholder interviews (n = 16 after the first year of implementation). Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used for quantitative analyses, and qualitative analyses included interview transcript coding and peer debriefing. Results: Here, 2 faculty members and a team of 19 students/dietetic interns operated the weekly campus food pantry, which served 3567 students and distributed 33,000 pounds of food. Client satisfaction surveys provided evidence for addressing food insecurity for college students. Volunteers and stakeholders generated insights for operational evolution and sustainability of the food pantry. Conclusions: Results highlighted key factors for initial efficacy and strategies for long-term success. Findings may be incorporated by dietetic education and training programs to provide research-focused and culturally relevant experiential learning.
Testing the Level of Creativity and Spatial Imagination in the SketchUp Program Using a Modified Urban Test of Creative Thinking
Authors: Honzíková Jarmila , Fadrhonc Jan , Krotký Jan
Published: September 2024

The authors focus on innovating the research tool Urban’s Test of Creativity to enhance the evaluation and efficiency of the educational process. This paper presents the possibility of measuring creativity and spatial imagination in the SketchUp virtual environment. Teachers and HR professionals in modern companies require an overview of the key competencies of students and graduates, essential for the transformation towards Industry 5.0. The authors utilize the proven concept of Urban’s Test, modify it into a digital format, and integrate new elements that assess spatial visualization and functional creativity. Teachers and HR professionals gain an efficient tool that is easy to evaluate, time-efficient, and requires minimal infrastructure. The modified research tool is suitable for conducting action research and allows for comparing respondents’ results using quantitative methods. This pilot study aimed to validate the modified test and its properties. A total of one hundred respondents, divided into five groups based on age and education (approximately 10 to 25 years old), were tested. The results confirmed that the concept of Urban’s Test of Creativity can be successfully adapted for commonly available 3D modeling environments. Moreover, it was confirmed that within the target group, the level of spatial visualization improves gradually with age.
Knowledge-Assisted Actor Critic Proximal Policy Optimization-Based Service Function Chain Reconfiguration Algorithm for 6G IoT Scenario
Authors: Liu Bei , Long Shuting , Su Xin
Published: September 2024

Future 6G networks will inherit and develop Network Function Virtualization (NFV) architecture. With the NFV-enabled network architecture, it becomes possible to establish different virtual networks within the same infrastructure, create different Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) in different virtual networks, and form Service Function Chains (SFCs) that meet different service requirements through the orderly combination of VNFs. These SFCs can be deployed to physical entities as needed to provide network functions that support different services. To meet the highly dynamic service requirements in the future 6G Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, the highly flexible and efficient SFC reconfiguration algorithm is the key research direction. Deep-learning-based algorithms have shown their advantages in solving this type of dynamic optimization problem. Considering that the efficiency of the traditional Actor Critic (AC) algorithm is limited, the policy does not directly participate in the value function update. In this paper, we use the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) clip function to restrict the difference between the new policy and the old policy, to ensure the stability of the updating process. We combine PPO with AC, and further bring the historical decision information as the network knowledge to offer better initial policies, to accelerate the training speed. We also propose the Knowledge = Assisted Actor Critic Proximal Policy Optimization (KA-ACPPO)-based SFC reconfiguration algorithm to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) of end-to-end services. Simulation results show that the proposed KA-ACPPO algorithm can effectively reduce computing cost and power consumption.
Neonatal Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: Referral for ECMO
Authors: Lutz Tracey , Berry Andrew , McGillivray Angela , Browning-Carmo Kathryn
Published: September 2024

Background: Neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) secondary to PPHN (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn) is an uncommon but life-threatening complication. Despite advances in therapeutic interventions, there are neonates who may require ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), which improves survival. In establishing the capability of ECMO in transport in New South Wales, significant variation in referral thresholds and management of PPHN in referring hospitals has been noted. Aim: To review cases referred to the Newborn and paediatric Emergency Transport Service (NETS) for consideration of ECMO due to HRF in neonates. The aetiology of HRF, the number of retrievals and their short-term outcomes were reported. Methods: A retrospective audit of referrals to NETS (January 2019 to December 2022) of infants aged <28 days with HRF for ECMO. Patient demographics, management, advice at the time of call and the outcome are described. Results: The mean weight was 3511 g, mean gestation was 37.1 weeks and 69% of the patients were male. The main diagnoses were MAS/PPHN (50%), and there was variation in inotropes and ventilation strategies at the time of the referral. Six (25%) of the fifteen babies who were transported by NETS to paediatric intensive care were placed on ECMO at the referring hospital. A further six babies were stabilised at the referral centre following NETS co-ordinated specialist advice and did not require retrieval or ECMO. All the babies who received ECMO and survived had normal early development (<6 months) with normal head US or MRI imaging. Conclusions: Optimising ventilation and inotrope management can eliminate the need for ECMO prior to or following retrieval. Early referral for the consideration of ECMO and a collaborative discussion can assist in optimising conventional therapy, thus eliminating the need for ECMO. Neonates requiring ECMO for HRF have good survival rates with good short-term neurological outcomes.