bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Plant-Production-Obtained Biomass in Function of Sustainable Energy
Authors: Škrbić Siniša , Ašonja Aleksandar , Prodanović Radivoj , Ristić Vladica , Stevanović Goran , Vulić Miroslav , Janković Zoran , Radosavac Adriana , Igić Saša
Published: July 2020

This research analyzed the degree of utilization of the agricultural biomass for energy purposes (combustion), in order to indicate the reasons that limit its use. The biomass potential was studied by means of the methodology of the biomass potential, whereas the factors suggesting a low degree of biomass utilization were identified by means of factor analysis. The research results reveal that there is an enormous potential of the unused agricultural biomass. This dissertation research significantly contributes to the establishment of a genuine mathematical model based on multiple linear regression. The solution obtained by this analysis, in both a mathematical and a scientific manner, conveys the primary reasons for an insufficient utilization of the biomass for energy purposes. Moreover, the paper suggests the measures to be applied for a more substantial use of this renewable source of energy and presents the expected benefits to be gained.
Emerging Biophilic Urbanism: The Value of the Human–Nature Relationship in the Urban Space
Authors: Totaforti Simona
Published: July 2020

The research presented in this article adopts an urban sociology perspective to explore the relationship between spaces designed with biophilic principles and people’s pro-environmental values and behaviors. The research hypothesized that biophilic design and planning promote connectedness with nature and are positively related to pro-environmental and more sustainable values and behaviors. The contemporary city asserts the need for new paradigms and conceptual frameworks for reconfiguring the relationship between the urban environment and the natural environment. In order to understand whether biophilic design, planning, and policies can meet the global challenges regarding the future existence on earth of humans, focus groups were conducted to investigate how people’s relationship with the built-up space and the natural landscape is perceived, and to what extent the inclusion of nature and its patterns at various levels of urban planning meets people’s expectations. The results suggest that biophilic design and planning can be considered a useful paradigm to deal with the challenges that are posed by the city of the future, also in terms of sustainability, by reinterpreting and enhancing the human–nature relation in the urban context.
Hybrid Multi-Antenna Techniques for V2X Communications—Prototyping and Experimentation
Authors: Maliatsos Konstantinos , Marantis Leonidas , Bithas Petros S. , Kanatas Athanasios G.
Published: July 2020

The support of the connected vehicle-to-everything (V2X) vision in conjunction with intelligent transportation system applications and services constitute a major 5G objective for modern radio systems and networks. More particularly, 5G deployment will involve multiple radio access network (RAN) technologies and a massive machine-type communication environment, offering a simultaneously supported variety of broadcast, multicast, and unicast applications. In this article, we present an implementation of a diversity engine able to support the multi-objective, multi-RAN, multi-service V2X use cases. The engine is enhanced with the adoption of a hybrid diversity scheme that exploits the beamshaping capabilities of the reconfigurable electronically switched parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas. The hybrid scheme combines conventional maximal ratio combining with beamspace diversity and it improves system performance in terms of reliability and throughput with increased signal-to-noise ratio. It was implemented and demonstrated with integration of novel printed antennas on connected, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)-enabled trucks in the context of the Horizon 2020 project ROADART.
Evidence for Anti-Viral Effects of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant in the Mouse Model of Enterovirus Infection
Authors: Gangaplara Arunakumar , Massilamany Chandirasegaran , Lasrado Ninaad , Steffen David , Reddy Jay
Published: July 2020

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) belonging to the genus, Enterovirus and contain six serotypes that induce various diseases, whose occurrence may involve the mediation of more than one serotype. We recently identified immunogenic epitopes within coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) viral protein 1 that induce anti-viral T cell responses in mouse models of CVB infections. In our investigations to determine the protective responses of the viral epitopes, we unexpectedly noted that animals immunized with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) alone and later challenged with CVB3 were completely protected against myocarditis. Similarly, the pancreatitis-inducing ability of CVB3 was remarkably reduced to only 10% in the CFA group as opposed to 73.3% in the control group that received no CFA. Additionally, no mortalities were noted in the CFA group, whereas 40% of control animals died during the course of 21 days post-infection with CVB3. Taken together, our data suggest that the adjuvant effects of CFA may be sufficient for protection against CVB infections. These observations may provide new insights into our understanding of the occurrence of viral infections.
How Insurmountable a Problem is English Orthography?
Authors: Troeva-Chalakova Blagovesta
Published: July 2020

The article tackles the issue of English orthography and the challenges it presents to people with various learning disabilities. A range of experiments is reported to elicit the responses of people with dyslexia to specific problems in the traditional system of English spellings. Approaches are put forwards to deal with such challenges both in the ordinary classroom and with people with disabilities. The author urges for more open-mindedness towards the challenge of English orthography.
The concept of Interlanguage from the perspective of Spanish Applied Linguistics
Authors: Karadjunkova Magdalena
Published: July 2020

The article outlines the concept INTERLANGUAGE as developed by Larry Selinker and Pit Corder last century. Defined as a complex system, the phenomenon of Interlanguage needs to be taken into consideration both by specialists in foreign language teaching who research the area of linguistics, and by teachers. Then contributions to the topic by Spanish speaking specialists are described with a view of the specifics of learning Spanish.
Thematic and Rhematic Realisations of Key Words in the Functional Sentence Perspective of Texts
Authors: Brambarova Anelia
Published: July 2020

The article seeks to account for the way key words are picked up for co-reference and whether they are marked as the theme or rheme in the functional perspective of each sentence. A corpus of articles is analysed from major French media. The co-referential chains of the key words are traced to determine the rhythm of the thematic progression.
About Codes and Sub-codes in Film Translation
Authors: Michev Stanimir
Published: July 2020

The article traces theoretical outlines of the four components of film as a text type: acoustics, visuals, verbal and non-verbal components. An exhaustive account of theories of translation is followed by analysis of Spanish television texts and their translation into Bulgarian with a view of how each code is interpreted and which compensatory mechanisms are employed to make the translation as rich as the original. The article discusses both subtitles and voice-over techniques by developing a taxonomy of the adaptations in the respective translation which should match the original technologically, temporally, spatially and linguistically.
Still a Case of “No Pain, No Gain”? An Updated and Critical Review of the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management Options for Hemorrhoids in 2020
Authors: Ng Kheng-Seong , Holzgang Melanie , Young Christopher
Published: July 2020

The treatment of haemorrhoids remains challenging: multiple treatment options supported by heterogeneous evidence are available, but patients rightly demand a tailored approach. Evidence for newer surgical techniques that promise to be less painful has been conflicting. We review the current evidence for management options in patients who present with varying haemorrhoidal grades. A review of the English literature was performed utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (31 May 2019). The search terms (haemorrhoid OR haemorrhoid OR haemorrhoids OR haemorrhoids OR “Hemorrhoid”[Mesh]) were used. First- and second-degree haemorrhoids continue to be managed conservatively. The easily repeatable and cost-efficient rubber band ligation is the preferred method to address minor haemorrhoids; long-term outcomes following injection sclerotherapy remain poor. Conventional haemorrhoidectomies (Ferguson/Milligan-Morgan/Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy) still have their role in third- and fourth-degree haemorrhoids, being associated with lowest recurrence; nevertheless, posthaemorrhoidectomy pain is problematic. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy allows quicker recovery, albeit at the costs of higher recurrence rates and potentially serious complications. Transanal Haemorrhoidal Dearterialization has been promoted as nonexcisional and less invasive, but the recent HubBLe trial has questioned its overall place in haemorrhoid management. Novel “walk-in-walk-out” techniques such as radiofrequency ablations or laser treatments will need further evaluation to define their role in modern-day haemorrhoid management. There are numerous treatment options for haemorrhoids, each with their own evidence-base. Newer techniques promise to be less painful, but recurrence rates remain an issue. The balance continues to be sought between long-term efficacy, minimisation of postoperative pain, and preservation of anorectal function.
Bioenergetic Evolution Explains Prevalence of Low Nephron Number at Birth: Risk Factor for CKD
Authors: Chevalier Robert L.
Published: July 2020

There is greater than tenfold variation in nephron number of the human kidney at birth. Although low nephron number is a recognized risk factor for CKD, its determinants are poorly understood. Evolutionary medicine represents a new discipline that seeks evolutionary explanations for disease, broadening perspectives on research and public health initiatives. Evolution of the kidney, an organ rich in mitochondria, has been driven by natural selection for reproductive fitness constrained by energy availability. Over the past 2 million years, rapid growth of an energy-demanding brain in Homo sapiens enabled hominid adaptation to environmental extremes through selection for mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA epigenetically regulated by allocation of energy to developing organs. Maternal undernutrition or hypoxia results in intrauterine growth restriction or preterm birth, resulting in low birth weight and low nephron number. Regulated through placental transfer, environmental oxygen and nutrients signal nephron progenitor cells to reprogram metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. These processes are modulated by counterbalancing anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways that evolved from prokaryote homologs and by hypoxia-driven and autophagy pathways that evolved in eukaryotes. Regulation of nephron differentiation by histone modifications and DNA methyltransferases provide epigenetic control of nephron number in response to energy available to the fetus. Developmental plasticity of nephrogenesis represents an evolved life history strategy that prioritizes energy to early brain growth with adequate kidney function through reproductive years, the trade-off being increasing prevalence of CKD delayed until later adulthood. The research implications of this evolutionary analysis are to identify regulatory pathways of energy allocation directing nephrogenesis while accounting for the different life history strategies of animal models such as the mouse. The clinical implications are to optimize nutrition and minimize hypoxic/toxic stressors in childbearing women and children in early postnatal development.
Do romance à história em quadrinhos: dupla restrição da transposição narrativa
Authors: Meyer Jean-Paul
Published: July 2020

A adaptação de um romance em história em quadrinhos (HQ) constitui para o autor de HQ um paradoxo: conservar na narrativa seu aspecto literário, representando-o por completo em pranchas de imagens percebidas simultaneamente. Por trás desse desafio se encontra a questão mais geral da narração visual. A sequência de imagens narrativas fixas é, como no romance, uma forma moderna daepopeia. Em um e outro, a história passa pela representação imitada de personagens em discurso. A narrativa em quadrinhos é, então, uma representação de eventos, marcada pela linearidade, pela sucessão e pela transformação. Por terem os quadrinhos sua lógica própria, esses princípios sofrem, entretanto, algumas deformações: a narrativa procede da oscilação permanente entre identidade e diferença de quadros justapostos; ela progride de uma imagem à outra pelo encadeamento de enunciados representados. A essa restrição habitual, a transposição de um romance traz uma injunção paradoxal suplementar, marcada pelo duo disposição/composição: disposição enunciativa (quadros, balões) que tece o texto fonte; composição icônica (imagem, prancha) que o duplica para criar uma narração visual inédita. O exemplo de Sem família (de Hector Malot), adaptado por Yann Dégruel, mostra que esse duo, disposição/composição, trabalha a obra como uma restrição produtiva.
Thiruvalluvar’s Concept of Cultural Ecology
Authors: G Rajeswari
Published: July 2020

Thirukkural, global literature does not only talk about human behaviours which are to be glorified. It also proposes bright cut ideas about the relationship between humans and nature. The attention of the modern world is on environmental issues. The fast developments due to science and technology resulted in destroying nature. Due to industrial-based products and for the sake of the sophisticated life of the modern man, we left the nature for destruction. And now humanity faces the consequences. It is a general truth that the literature reflects the social issues of that time of its outcome. One can notice that the recent creative literature of Tamil talks about environmental aspects of the globe and the local areas. Thirukkural also deals with the issues of nature and it proposes the ideal relationship between man and nature, which is the concern of this paper. Thiruvalluvar says that the whole world depends on water. All the activities in the world cannot be possible if the rain fails. All the activities of living creatures, including humans, depend on water. Start with food production and leading to every activity are depends on rain. So Tiruvalluvar concludes that the relationship between humans and nature depends on water i.e. is rain. The paper concludes that the concept of Thiukkural towards nature is the dependency of humanity.
Mobile Science Project: Promoting Active Methodologies through Environmental Workshops in Schools
Authors: Vieira Cubas Anelise Leal , Aguiar Dutra Ana Regina de , Moecke Elisa Helena Siegel , Magnago Rachel Faverzani , Bianchet Ritanara Tayane , Pilarski Karina Suldovski , Machado Marina Medeiros
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this project is to investigate how active methodologies, based on workshops with environmental themes, can help high school students to learn subject matter in the area of the chemistry, physics and mathematics sciences and enhance their awareness of the importance of the preservation of the planet. In this study,13 schools were visited in 4 years. During this time they participated in workshops that involved the use of residues to produce new materials, to provide environmental education regarding the reuse of waste and concepts embedded in the chemistry, physics and mathematics sciences. The results highlight that most of the students (98%) found the Mobile Science project interesting, 97% enjoyed participating in the workshops. Regarding the content of the workshops, 92% of the students answered positively; that is, the workshops were related and helped to understand the exact sciences. The Mobile Science project is part of the Unisul ́s actions aligned to sustainable development goals (SDGs), UN 2030 Agenda.
Thought, Energy, Time and Social Confines of Knowledge
Authors: Ahamed Syed V.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, three virtual but dimensioned entities are used to contain knowledge; while it is by itself abstract. Knowledge resides in knowledge-banks of computers and the Internet. More importantly, knowledge resides in all living species. The main emphasis is on the human species that construct their personalized knowledge structures and banks that they deploy to resolve their personal Needs. Such needs drive behavior and adaptive. Both these human characteristics are alive and get influence by human interaction. These dimensions have human (thought), scientific and physical (energy and time) orientations. It becomes feasible to build a hyperspace for knowledge and confine it in the three dimensions of thought (anchored in the personality of an individual), energy, and time (both anchored in both physiological and physical spaces). We present the personality aspects based on the human needs that drive the human being (a noun object, n) to perform actions (one or more verb functions v) in intelligent steps (convolutions (⁎) between n’s and v’s ) to gratify the needs. Needs are inherent in human personality to maintain life.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PERATAAN LABA
Authors: Dian Theresia
Published: July 2020

This study is an empirical research that aims to determine the effect of profitability, leverage, company size, CEO's gender, CEO's educational background and CEO's level of education against income smoothing practice. The population in this study are all manufacturing companies that have been going public and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2014-2016. Sampling technique conducted by the author is to use purposive sampling. This study uses secondary data derived from company financial statements, company annual reports, and fact book. Total research data amounted to 134, of which 84 companies are doing income smoothing. Hypothesis testing is done by using logistic regression analysis with significance level (α) 5%. Data processing using IBM SPSS software version 22.00. The results show that profitability and leverage variables have a significant negative effect on the practice of income smoothing, while the gender variable CEO has a significant positive influence on the practice of income smoothing. Meanwhile, firm size variables, CEO education background and CEO education level have no influence on the practice of income smoothing.
ANALISIS MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS PT INDOFOOD SUKSES MAKMUR,TBK)
Authors: Nurkurniana Nurkurniana
Published: July 2020

This research is based on the existence of company internal issue that the ability of obtaining profit can be seen from the growth of company’s profitability. The growth of profitability from year to year has degraded shows the unstable company on obtaining profit so it is important to know if management of working capital can improve company profitability.This study is a quantitative research that will provide data in the form of numbers or ratio about the analysis of working capital on profitability at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Method of data collection in this research is observation and document of research subject.The results of this study can be seen that the management of working capital can increase profitability significantly.
Efektifitas Pengendalian Banjir dengan Embung: Studi Kasus Taman Firdaus Universitas Sriwijaya
Authors: Ferdian Deny , Saggaff Anis , Sarino
Published: July 2020

Flood is triggered by a decrease in catchment areas due to an increase in population, activities, and land requirements, both for settlements and economic activities. The flood occurs annually during the wet season at downstream of the campus of Sriwijaya University. In 2019, the downstream swampy land of about 100 ha was excavated and functioned as a retention basin or small reservoir called Embung. The reservoir at Taman Firdaus, Sriwijaya University, was designed by using spillway's top elevation at +5.00m. The objective of the research was to analyze the effectivity of the reservoir on the flood water level of the Kelekar river. One dimensional modelling was used to model the hydraulic routing through small reservoir and Kelekar river. Based on the results of the modeling, it can be seen that the reservoir at Taman Firdaus Universitas Sriwijaya could hold water as much as 1.446.409,39 m3, and lower the flood water level in the Kelekar River by approximately 1 to 1.5 meters.
Teknologi Penangkapan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus spp.) Ramah Lingkungan dengan Bubu Kubah di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Hafinuddin Hafinuddin , Edwarsyah Edwarsyah
Published: July 2020

Fishermen of West Aceh District is still using a tool of unfriendly for environment namely mini trawl for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus spp) fishing, so that it will impact the ecosytem of the sea and the damage to the fish resources such as blue swimming crab. For that reason, there needs to be an alternative of eco-friendly fishing technology to catching blue swimming crab and replace fishing gear unfriendly for environment i.e. mini trawl and exposing the blue swimming crab fishing is as main activity in West Aceh District where Ujong Baroh Village as pilot projetc location for this activity.  The community service program has carried out with IbM activity (Ipteks bagi Masyarakat). The activity was done on February – Agustus 2017, where education, practice and accomponiment was used as methods.  IbM program is expected to increase skill and business managerial as well as improving the economic situation of the coastal communities.
Atraktor Cumi-Cumi Yang Ramah Lingkungan Dan Bertanggung Jawab di Perairan Rigaih Kabupaten Aceh Jaya
Authors: Rizal Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Utilization of fishery resources of squid through fishing activities is time to be accompanied by regulation of arrest and cultivation activities covering the effort of hatchery (hatchery) and release to nature. This effort can improve the damage of squid resources as it can be done to enrich the stock to improve and sustain the resources of the squid. One of the most important factors to support the cultivation of squid is egg supply and spawning success. The Rigaih area of Aceh Jaya Regency is one of the most diverse squid stock areas and is captured by local traditional fishermen every day. But until now there has been no cultivation and other activities related to maintaining the sustainability of squid. The purpose of this service is the difference of the type and depth of the waters where the installation of the attor to the attachment of squid eggs using black iron coated iron wire and the ijok rope tie in the waters of Rigaih Aceh Jaya Regency. The results obtained are the number of capsules produced in one spawning range 57 to 601 with the number of eggs contained in it as much as 124 to 1421 grains.
SOSIALISASI ASPEK MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI DI PANTAI LHOK BUBON KECAMATAN SAMATIGA KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Zuriat Zuriat
Published: July 2020

Coastal area is fishermen’s home area and landed catch fish as an activity of economic life. Lhok Bubon Village is beach subdistrict of fishermen and tourism place for West Aceh community. The coastal area is front of the open oceans have beautiful scene with shallow beach and low wave. This village have a lot of local tourist. Thus, it is necessary to elevate with bussiness such as restaurant  and other services. The empowering community was undertaken for giving awareness to local community from management aspect and productive economic activity where the need to tourism are secondary need. With adequate facilities and keep cleanliness of the beach.  It have opportunity to be tourism place that priority for local community as marine tourim site. Economical empowerment to be one of material that conveyed to increasing the motivation for women in order to utilize the potency of coastal resources as transport of family economic in management aspect such as plannning, organizing, actuacting of tourism services as well as surveilance aspect and islamic tourism site for West Aceh community especially outside West Aceh.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PEMANFAATAN ALGA COKELAT (SARGASSUM sp.) SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI MIE ACEH DI KOTA MEULABOH
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Zuriat Zuriat
Published: July 2020

The seaweed are one of the potency of the marine biodiversity that give value added in pharmacy and cosmetic. The aim of this community empowerment is to increase the understanding and skill regarding the utilization of seaweed from South West Aceh as natural colour of Aceh Noodle. The community empowerment was conducted on July 2019 that located in Jalan Gajah mada Djohan Pahlawan District West Aceh Regency. The stage of activity including taking raw material, try and error in using natural colour from seaweed and socialization and training. The empowerment community that involved the producer partner in order to create a lot of innovations that useful for local community with utilizing the marine resources potency as foodstuff source and medicine.
A Decade Review of Two Potential Analysis Altering Variables in Graph Construction
Authors: Peltier Corey , Muharib Reem , Haas April , Dowdy Art
Published: July 2020

Single-case research designs (SCRDs) are used to evaluate functional relations between an independent variable and dependent variable(s). When analyzing data related to autism spectrum disorder, SCRDs are frequently used. Namely, SCRDs allow for empirical evidence in support of practices that improve socially significant outcomes for individuals diagnosed with ASD. To determine a functional relation in SCRDs, a time-series graph is constructed and visual analysts evaluate data patterns. Preliminary evidence suggest that the approach used to scale the ordinate (i.e., y-axis) and the proportions of the x-axis length to y-axis height (i.e., data points per x- to y-axis ratio) impact visual analysts’ decisions regarding a functional relation and the magnitude of treatment effect, resulting in an increased likelihood of a Type I errors. The purpose for this systematic review was to evaluate all time-series graphs published in the last decade (i.e., 2010-2020) in four premier journals in the field of ASD: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autism, and Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. The systematic search yielded 348 articles including 2,675 graphs. We identified large variation across and within types of SCRDs for the standardized X:Y and DPPXYR. In addition, 73% of graphs were below a DPPXYR of 0.14, providing evidence of the Type I error rate. A majority of graphs used an appropriate ordinate scaling method that would not increase Type I error rates. Implications for future research and practice are provided.
Comparative Assessment of the Immunologic and Genetic Status of Children Living
in the Far North and the Perm Region
Authors: Mazunina АА , Dolgikh ОV
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Life at high latitudes imbalances immuno-neuro-endocrine regulation in humans due to contrasting changes in the duration of the light period. Our objective was to study the immune and genetic status of children living in the Far North and the Perm Region. Materials and methods: We conducted a survey of 120 children of 3 to 12 living in the Far North, and 154 children of 7 to 18 living in the Perm Region with a normal alternation of day and night. In order to study the frequency of the PER2 circadian gene polymorphism (C/G, rs643159) a genetic analysis was performed by real-time PCR with a subsequent allelic discrimination. Results: The comparative analysis of the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the PER2 clock gene polymorphism (rs643159) showed no significant differences in its polymorphism in the children's groups differing in climatic features. The results of an immunological study of the blood of children in the Arctic enabled us to establish changes in the immune status characterized by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in class A immunoglobulins (1.26 times), M (1.14 times), G (1.15 times), mediators of neuroendocrine regulation of cortisol (1.33 times), serotonin (1.42 times), as well as overproduction of apoptosis activator CD3+CD95+ and TSH relative to the child contingent of Prikamye (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The comparative analysis of the status of regulatory mediators in the children living in the Far North with similar indicators of the child contingent of moderate latitudes (the Perm Region) – carriers of the mutant G allele of the clock receptor gene allowed us to establish not only a reliable imbalance in the immune status in children living under conditions of asynchronosis but also a significant deficit of the regulatory mediator of serotonin free T4 and increased levels of cortisol (p < 0.05) characterizing the breakdown of neuroregulatory connections. Thus, in the conditions of the Far North the imbalance of key indicators of immune homeostasis, neuroendocrine regulation, associated with the variant G allele of the gene PER2 (rs643159) is formed.
The Influence of Natural Sources on Radiation Exposure Levels in the Population
of the Arkhangelsk Region
Authors: Gricai PM , Mironovskaya AV , Unguryanu TN
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The issue of radiation safety in terms of population exposure to natural sources of background radiation remains relevant since, according to the results of numerous studies, among all sources of ionizing radiation the natural ones contribute the most to the population exposure worldwide. Our purpose was to assess the contribution of natural sources of background radiation to the individual effective dose of the population of the Arkhangelsk Region. Materials and methods: We measured residential indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates and the residential indoor equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon isotopes. We also analyzed data of statistical form No. 4-DOZ “Information about population exposure doses attributed to the natural and anthropogenically altered background radiation” and radiation hygiene passportization conducted in 2008–2017 by cities and districts of the Arkhangelsk Region and estimated long-term average indicators of the individual effective dose of radiation and chain indicators of the growth rate. Results: We established that the internal exposure to radon isotopes (46.8%) and external terrigenous exposure (23.6%) contributed the most to the individual effective dose due to natural sources in the population of the Arkhangelsk Region. In 2008–2017, the individual effective dose attributed to natural sources was 2.50 mSv/yr,
to external exposure – 0.59 mSv/yr, and to internal exposure to radon isotopes – 1.17 mSv/yr. The analysis of average values of the equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon isotopes and the gamma radiation dose rate in residential buildings of various type (wooden, single-story stone and multistory stone) in the Arkhangelsk Region supported the conclusion about the significant contribution of the former to the individual effective dose due to natural sources. Conclusions: We established the contribution of natural sources of ionizing radiation to the total doses of the population.
Waterborne Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Recombinant Norovirus
GII.P7–GII.6 in Khabarovsk in 2019
Authors: Butakova LV , Sapega EYu , Trotsenko OE , Zaytseva TA , Karavyanskaya TN , Lebedeva LA
Published: July 2020

Background: Noroviruses are common causative agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Person-to-person transmission is the dominant transmission route for norovirus infection but contaminated water also often leads to outbreaks. Objectives: Our purpose was to do epidemiologic and molecular genetic analyses of waterborne norovirus infection outbreak among children in Khabarovsk in 2019. Materials and methods: Clinical and water samples were screened for the presence of norovirus RNA using real-time RT-PCR detection kit. The norovirus nucleotide sequences were determined by Sanger sequencing. The obtained sequences were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis. Results: In July 2019, 34 children developed acute gastroenteritis in Khabarovsk. The epidemiologic investigation showed that on the eve of the disease onset all patients played and bathed in a pedestrian fountain complex. A molecular genetic analysis of 18 biological samples from children with acute gastroenteritis and a water sample from the fountain revealed a recombinant norovirus GII.P7-GII.6. We established a 100.0% identity of all obtained nucleotide sequences to each other. A phylogenetic analysis of ORF2 partial sequences showed that the capsid protein of the Khabarovsk GII.P7-GII.6 strains belonged to the variant GII.6a. Conclusions: Contaminated water in the pedestrian interactive fountain complex was the most likely cause of the norovirus infection outbreak among children in Khabarovsk in 2019 associated with the lack of proper maintenance and regular disinfection measures.
The Incidence of Trichinosis in the Ural Federal District
Authors: Peklo GN , Stepanova TF
Published: July 2020

The objectives of the study were to summarize and analyze long-term scientific and practical materials about the rates and trends in the incidence of trichinosis, to identify the routes of disease transmission in the population, both traditional and emerging, and possible options of their prevention in the Ural Federal District (UFD). Materials and methods: We used data from collections of statistical and analytical materials “The Incidence of Protozoa and Helminthiases in the Population of the Russian Federation” by the Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiologic Surveillance and later by the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor) and data reports of the local regional services responsible for trichinosis control for 1996–2014. Topical scientific publications since 1960s became an additional important source of information. We applied the analytical method and a method of comparative historical research to achieve the study goals. Results: The article demonstrates the urgency of the problem of trichinosis in the subjects of the Ural Federal District. With regular population outreach and comprehensive preventive measures, the incidence of trichinosis, brought to the level of sporadic in the Ural Federal District, has not reached a stable state. In the presence of natural reservoirs of trichinella with a real and potential danger of transition to a synanthropic habitat, facts of violation of legislation in the field of wildlife hunting, the existence of social and economic prerequisites, and increased risks of infection of the population associated with new forms of management in the production and sale of meat products, cooperation of governmental and supervisory authorities in preventing trichinosis transmission in the human environment acquires particular importance.
Controlling plant-parasitic nematodes in sandy soil in the Senegal River Valley using composts based on potentially nematicidal plants
Authors: Diakhate Sidy , Khady Ngom Florence , Nourou Sall Saïdou
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study in the Senegal River Basin evaluated the effect of three types of compost, made from manure combined with straw, Calotropis procera (Sodom Apple) or Crotalaria juncea (Indian Hemp) , on plant-parasitic as well as free-living nematodes and on the growth of tomato plants. Methodology and results: This study was performed in a greenhouse where a Mongal tomato was grown during 3 months in a soil that had been abandoned due to infestation by nematodes. The treatments were composts of straw, Calotropis procera Crotalaria juncea and control without compost. The soils amended with compost had significantly higher nematode abundances than the unamended. The compost with Crotalaria juncea gave the highest abundance. The soils with compost also had a much lower proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes than the control soil and much higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes. The height of the plants was positively correlated with the proportion of bacterivorous nematodes and negatively correlated with the proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes. Conclusions and application of the results: The influence on the soil nematode community of compost materials is associated more with their phenol content than the total organic carbon. The Calotropis procera and Crotalaria juncea encourage the growth of the bacterivorous nematode community, which plays an important role in maintaining soil fertility, and the growth of omnivorous and predatory nematodes while limiting the growth of the plant-parasitic nematode community. The results suggested that the compost with Crotalaria juncea seems to be worthwhile pursuing as it maintained the equilibrium between nematode feeding guilds while suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. Keywords: Compost, Crotalaria, Calotropis, Straw, Nematode, sandy soil.
Numerical analysis of coaxial dielectric barrier helium discharges: three-stage mode transitions and internal bullet propagation
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Ishikawa Kenji , Tsutsumi Takayoshi , Hori Masaru
Published: July 2020

He discharge in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device develops in three stages: first, a Townsend-glow-type plasma spreads in the region between the electrodes; second, a plasma bullet (streamer type discharge) propagates axially and; third, the bullet transitions into a surface discharge at the dielectric surface. These mode transitions are quite different from planar type DBD, in which one discharge mode basically corresponds to one discharge pulse. From fluid-based numerical analysis, the bullet propagation is obeyed by trapping with strong electric fields induced by grounded electrode underneath the dielectric barrier and by surface charge accumulated on the dielectric surface.
Learning Bayesian Networks: The Combination of Scoring Function and Dataset
Authors:   School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, Sathasivam Saratha , Song Poh Choo ,   Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia, Yeap Jing Jie ,   Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia.
Published: July 2020

Bayesian network (BN), a graphical model consists nodes and directed edges, which representing random variables and relationship of the corresponding random variables, respectively. The main study of Bayesian network is structural learning and parameter learning. There are score-and-search based, constraint based and hybrid based in forming the network structure. However, there are many types of scores and algorithms available in the structural learning of Bayesian network. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the best combination of scores and algorithms for various types of datasets. Besides, the convergence of time in forming the BN structure with datasets of different sizes has been examined. Lastly, a comparison between score-and-search based and constraint based methods is made in this study. At the end of this study, it has been observed that Tabu search has the best combination with the scoring function regardless of the size of dataset. Furthermore, it has been found that when the dataset is large, the time it takes for a BN structure to converge is shorter. Last but not least, results showed that the score-and-search based algorithm performs better as compared to constraint based algorithm.
The Implementation of ICT in Teaching English as Foreign Language: A Case Study of Premary School English Teachers in Kotamobagu, North Sulawesi
Authors: Kobis Dewi Christa , Tomatala Michel Farrel
Published: July 2020

This study aims to find out whether ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) really helps EFL teachers in Kotamobagu to improve their students’ English ability. This study uses the teachers’ perceptions as the main sources to answer the research questions of this current study. It focuses on finding the EFL teachers’ knowledge level in implementing ICTs, the level of ICT implementation for educational purposes, and problems that teachers might face during ICT implementation in the classrooms. This study uses mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approach by using questionnaire and interview to gain the data. The findings show that in general, teachers have fair capability in using ICTs. They also have positive attitude towards ICT implementation where they claimed that ICTs are useful to improve students’ learning achievement. The teachers use ICTs for various reasons and at the last this study found that lack of ICT facilities has become the main problem that they often face.
As tessituras de diálogo: África-diáspora na literatura das escritoras negras Noémia de Sousa, Ntozake Shange e Conceição Evaristo
Authors: Maringolo Cátia Cristina Bocaiuva , Faiad da Silva Caio Ricardo
Published: July 2020

A proliferação da produção literária e artística de mulheres negras é um fenômeno que ocorre em escala mundial. Estas mulheres negras, por meio da palavra poética, instauram uma literatura de resistência, um espaço quilombola frente às constantes opressões de gênero, de raça, de etnia e de classe. Escritoras negras como a moçambicana Noémia de Sousa, a estadunidense Ntozake Shange e a brasileira Conceição Evaristo, cada uma escrevendo, sobrevivendo e resistindo em países tão distantes, e ao mesmo tempo com características semelhantes. Para não cair no reducionismo analítico ou em estereotipias, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo comparativo dos diálogos África-Diáspora presente nas obras dessas escritoras. Em suma, é possível identificar que na obra de Noémia de Sousa o diálogo é realizado sincronicamente por meio das relações com a contemporaneidade da escritora, enquanto que em Ntozake Shange e Conceição Evaristo o diálogo é diacrônico ao relacionar o presente com o passado escravista de seus países de origem, no entanto, enquanto Shange passadifica o presente, Evaristo presentifica o passado. Dessa forma, as escritoras se posicionam criticamente e politicamente contra as diversas opressões ao criar em suas obras uma estética da resistência.
DESKRIPSI EFEK SAMPING OBAT ANTI TB PADA PASIEN TB YANG SEDANG MENJALANI PENGOBATAN TB DI PUSKESMAS HARAPAN RAYA PEKANBARU
Authors: Ningrum Trisiwi Kusuma , Rahmi Mailur
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that must get special treatment with antibiotics given at least 6 months. The use of anti-TB drugs with various types of drugs and a long duration can cause complaints of side effects. This study aims to determine the side effects of anti-TB drugs in TB patients who are treating TB treatment at the health center. This research is descriptive with 35 respondents. The data collection method used a questionnaire and was carried out on 18 June-18 July 2019. The results showed that 27 respondents (77.1%) experienced side effects of anti-TB oabat, while only 8 respondents (22.9%) had no complaints. The most common complaints experienced by TB sufferers during treatment were complaints of tingling and burning sensation in the legs of 13 people (37.1%) and followed by other side effects in the form of no appetite as many as 6 respondents (17.1), joint pain as many as 9 respondents ( 25.7), redness in urine (urine) by 8 respondents (22.9), itching and redness on the skin by 11 respondents (31.4), impaired balance by 6 respondents (17.1), icterus without other causes by 4 respondents (11.4), visual impairment as many as 6 respondents (17.1), purpura and climbing (shock) as much as 1 respondent (2.9).

 

Keywords: Side Effects, Anti-TB drugs
PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI OLEH PEKERJA PABRIK TAHU WARDI DI JL.CIPTA KARYA DAN PAYUNG SEKAKI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Sanjaya Neneng Neng , Wulandini Putri , Saputra Roni
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine whether there is a Knowledge Relationship about Tofu Makers to the Use of Personal Protective Equipment by Tofu Factory Workers at Jl.Cipta Karya and Kec.Payung Sekaki Pekanbaru City. The method of collecting data in this study through observation and questionnaire methods and library research to in this study were 38 Tofu factory workers on Jl.Cipta Karya and Kec.Payung Sekaki Pekanbaru City. The Sampling Technique used was the Total Sampling Technique, Total Sampling was a sampling technique where the number of samples was equal to the total population (Sugiono, 2011). The results of the analysis do not have a relationship between knowledge and the use of PPE proven in the data analysis shows that there were 30 people or 78.9% who did not use PPE completely and it could be stated that their knowledge was lacking.
PENGARUH SENAM DIABETIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS RUMBIO JAYA
Authors: Riamah Riamah
Published: July 2020

Data dari Internatonal Diabetes Federatiaon (IDF) tingkat prevalensi global penderita DM tipe II pada tahun 2013 berjumlah 382 juta kasus, pada tahun 2013 penyakit diabetes mellitus berjumlah 387 juta kasus dan pada tahun tahun 2035 jumlah insiden DM DM tipe II akan mengalami peningkatan menjadi 55% (592 juta) di antara usia penderita DM 40-59 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam diabetik terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada penderita DM Tipe II di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rumbio Jaya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimet dengan rancangan one group pretest postest. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita diabetes mellitus Tipe II di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bangkinang Kota berjumlah 195 orang dengan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu berupa lembar checklist Analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh pemberian senam diabetik terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rumbio Jaya tahun 2019 dengan p value 0,000. Diharapkan bagi responden untuk selalu menjaga pola makan agar kadar gula darah tetap dalam batas normal dan bagi penderita DM Tipe II agar rutin melakukan senam diabetik untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah.