bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and Limitations for Collective Resistance Arising from Volunteering by Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Northern England
Authors: Vickers Tom
Published: June 2014

This article asks whether volunteering by refugees and asylum seekers holds potential to foster collective resistance to the British state’s increasingly punitive asylum policies. It draws on research that included four organizational case studies and in-depth qualitative interviews with refugees and asylum seekers volunteering in a city in Northern England, and analyses this data using inter-related concepts of contradiction, hegemony and social capital. This research found that volunteering by refugees and asylum seekers had potential to contribute to cohesive social blocs that might form a basis for resistance, yet also exhibited tendencies to divide refugees and encourage individualized forms of action, which reinforced a subordinate position for the majority. The article concludes that realizing the potential of voluntary activity as a basis for collective resistance to the state’s asylum policies may require it to be combined with political education and organization.
Veteran Status and Men’s Later-Life Cognitive Trajectories
Authors: Brown Maria T. , Wilmoth Janet M. , London Andrew S.
Published: June 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which men’s later-life cognitive trajectories vary by veteran status. Method: We use Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data to estimate growth curve models examining men’s later-life cognitive trajectories by veteran status, war service status, and period of service. Analyses control for early-life characteristics that influence selection into military service and later-life cognition, and mid- to late-life characteristics that potentially mediate the relationship between military service and later-life cognition. Results: Veterans have higher cognition scores relative to nonveterans around retirement age, but their cognition scores decline more rapidly with increasing age, such that cognition scores are similar in both groups among the oldest old. Veterans who served during the Korean War have lower cognition scores around retirement age, but less steep age-related declines, than veterans who served during World War II. Discussion: Findings are discussed in relation to the extant literature, future research, potential service needs, and study limitations.
Who’s Talking Now? Infants’ Perception of Vowels With Infant Vocal Properties
Authors: Polka Linda , Masapollo Matthew , Ménard Lucie
Published: June 2014

Little is known about infants’ abilities to perceive and categorize their own speech sounds or vocalizations produced by other infants. In the present study, prebabbling infants were habituated to /i/ (“ee”) or /a/ (“ah”) vowels synthesized to simulate men, women, and children, and then were presented with new instances of the habituation vowel and a contrasting vowel on different trials, with all vowels simulating infant talkers. Infants showed greater recovery of interest to the contrasting vowel than to the habituation vowel, which demonstrates recognition of the habituation-vowel category when it was produced by an infant. A second experiment showed that encoding the vowel category and detecting the novel vowel required additional processing when infant vowels were included in the habituation set. Despite these added cognitive demands, infants demonstrated the ability to track vowel categories in a multitalker array that included infant talkers. These findings raise the possibility that young infants can categorize their own vocalizations, which has important implications for early vocal learning.
The Second Shift Reflected in the Second Generation
Authors: Croft Alyssa , Schmader Toni , Block Katharina , Baron Andrew Scott
Published: June 2014

Gender inequality at home continues to constrain gender equality at work. How do the gender disparities in domestic labor that children observe between their parents predict those children’s visions for their future roles? The present research examined how parents’ behaviors and implicit associations concerning domestic roles, over and above their explicit beliefs, predict their children’s future aspirations. Data from 326 children aged 7 to 13 years revealed that mothers’ explicit beliefs about domestic gender roles predicted the beliefs held by their children. In addition, when fathers enacted or espoused a more egalitarian distribution of household labor, their daughters in particular expressed a greater interest in working outside the home and having a less stereotypical occupation. Fathers’ implicit gender-role associations also uniquely predicted daughters’ (but not sons’) occupational preferences. These findings suggest that a more balanced division of household labor between parents might promote greater workforce equality in future generations.
Scaling Sustainability Learning: Size and Scope Matter
Authors: Duggan Michael S. , Smith Timothy F. , Thomsen Dana C.
Published: June 2014

Working across scales presents barriers and opportunities to Education for Sustainability (EfS) programmes. It changes the way these programmes are implemented and can provide the tools for addressing systemic problems that have so far eluded localized approaches to sustainability learning. In particular, issues of scale affect the implementation of contemporary EfS through: ( i) greater use of communication technologies that can support information exchange and educational programmes across ever-increasing distances; ( ii) the development of a broader scope for educational investment from outcomes based around individuals to opportunities for societies and even globally; and ( iii) increased emphasis on the intractable nature of complex sustainability issues towards a focus on approaches that can effectively link local and global scales. Decentralized, global networks have emerged in the development, operation and implementation of EfS programmes to capitalize on these advantages and address issues associated with scale. However, there is little documented evidence of the success of decentralized global network approaches or of the inherent barriers and opportunities in scaling up EfS programmes from the local to the global scale. This article examines the concept of ‘scalability’ to develop a theoretical framework for the evaluation of EfS programmes delivered through decentralized global networks.
Practising Environmental Citizenship in Egypt: Hopes and Challenges Encountered
Authors: Abd-El-Aal Wafaa Mohammed Moawad , Steele Astrid
Published: June 2014

This article examines the work of pre-service teachers in a new environmental education course at an Egyptian faculty of education, when they are given the assignment to investigate and take action with respect to an environmental issue in their community(s). Their explorations take us from apartment houses, through the farming countryside, past roadside canals and to city store fronts. Using a theoretical framework provided by critical place-based pedagogy, we analyze their work in (re)inhabitation and decolonization to further identify the challenges to, and the supports for environmental citizenship in Egypt. The Arab Spring resonates as the political backdrop for the research.
Exploring Faculty Conceptualizations of Sustainability in Higher Education: Cultural Barriers to Organizational Change and Potential Resolutions
Authors: Sylvestre Paul , Wright Tarah , Sherren Kate
Published: June 2014

It is often suggested that for institutional change efforts towards sustainability to bear fruit a common vision for sustainability in higher education (SHE) is necessary. Given the contested nature of the concept and the complexity of academic institutional culture, seeking broad consensus around sustainability presents a significant challenge to those seeking organizational change for sustainability. This article describes a research project that explored professors’ conceptualizations of SHE in the case study of Dalhousie University. We identified a number of divergent and conflicting conceptualizations around not only the concept of sustainability but also the role of the university in education for it, and promoting sustainability outside of its walls. Given the nature of the tensions in this study in particular and how they relate to important debates in the field of SHE generally, we propose embracing a vision of sustainability rooted in plurality and dialogue.
Education for Sustainable Development in Small Island Developing States
Authors: Jucker Rolf
Published: June 2014

Matthew Hiebert, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 2013, 96 pages. ISBN (paperback) 978-1-84929-090-6; ISBN (e-book) 978-1-84859-146-2. Available at www.thecommonwealth.org/publications (in the US from Stylus Publishing LLC, VA, USA, www.commonwealthpublications-usa.com )
The first Australian painting of schizophrenia by Ivor Francis
Authors: Kaplan Robert M
Published: June 2014

Objective:

This article examines the 1943 surrealistic painting Schizophrenia by Ivor Francis, the first major Australian art work depicting a mental disorder. Francis was influenced by Max Harris who encouraged him to read works on surrealism and psychoanalysis, but took his ideas from the book on schizophrenia by the radical Melbourne psychiatrist, Reg Ellery.

Conclusion:

Ivor Francis produced a riveting painting that stands as an enduring visual beacon in the cultural history of Antipodean psychiatry.
Multiscale finite element modelling of ductile damage behaviour of the human femur under dynamic loading
Authors: Naceur H , Rahmoun J , Halgrin J , Chabrand P
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we propose a new multiscale finite element methodology based on a recently developed micromechanical damage model for the modelling of the human bone behaviour under dynamic loading. The damage is carried out by the framework of the limit analysis based on the MCK (Monchiet, Charkaluk and Kondo) criterion. We first present the methodology allowing the estimation of elastic anisotropic properties of porous media by means of Mori–Tanaka homogenisation scheme. Then, we develop the formulation of the integrated yield criterion derived by considering trial velocity field inspired from the Eshelby inhomogeneous inclusion solution. The obtained micromechanical model is implemented via a User Material routine within the explicit dynamic code LS-DYNA©. The proposed micromechanical model has been applied successfully for the estimation of the mechanical properties of a human proximal femur under dynamic loading. From the obtained numerical results, it has been shown that the present model has improved the strength prediction of osteoporotic femurs by representing the failure risk in a more realistic approach.
Clinical Significance of Isolated Cytomegalovirus-Infected Gastrointestinal Cells
Authors: Yan Zhen , Wang Linlin , Dennis Jake , Doern Christopher , Baker Jonathan , Park Jason Y.
Published: June 2014

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is associated with high mortality in immunosuppressed patients. However, few studies have correlated blood CMV load with GI histopathological findings. Furthermore, there have been few studies determining the clinical significance of isolated CMV infection. Design. Cases were selected for the diagnosis of GI CMV infection by searching the information system of a tertiary hospital. The electronic medical record was reviewed for each case to determine blood viral load, clinicopathological features at the time of diagnosis and clinical outcomes after discharge. Results. In all, 30 patients with CMV-positive intestinal biopsies confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were identified. All were immunosuppressed. CMV inclusions were also recognized by hematoxylin and eosin stain in 27% of the cases, and the remaining cases were identified by IHC alone. CMV blood load was only positive in 17% of the cases; 8 cases had only isolated CMV-infected cells (0.1-0.5 IHC count/high-power field), with the following outcomes: worsening symptoms that responded to antiviral therapy (n = 5); clinical improvement without treatment (n = 1); death without treatment (n = 2). Conclusions. CMV infection of the intestines is clinically significant but will not always present with classic viral cytopathic changes. IHC should be considered in any case where there is a clinical suspicion for CMV infection. Identification of isolated CMV infection by IHC should be considered clinically significant. Current blood viral load tests have poor sensitivity in detecting CMV intestinal infection. Future studies will investigate the predictive value of positive peripheral blood viral load in patients with intestinal symptoms.
Screening for ADHD in a Sample of Egyptian Adolescent School Students
Authors: Bishry Zienab , Ramy Hisham A. , El- Shahawi Heba H. , El- Sheikh Mona M. , El- Missiry Ahmed A. , El- Missiry Marwa A.
Published: June 2014

Objective: To screen for ADHD in a sample of Egyptian adolescent students, and study the distribution of different subtypes of ADHD, associated comorbidities, and sociodemographic correlates. Method: A total of 925 adolescents were randomly selected and screened by the Conners-Wells’ Adolescent Self-Report Scale–Short form (CASS:S), and potential cases were further assessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and Lifetime versions (K-SADS-PL). Results: A total of 87 students (9.4%) had potential ADHD diagnosis with evident preponderance in boys (13.8%, n = 58) than in girls (5.8%, n = 29) with a ratio of 2:1 ( p = .000, χ2 = 17.328). The hyperactive-impulsive subtype comprised the majority of cases (54.7%, n = 41). Psychiatric comorbidity was invariably present (85.1%, n = 74). Nearly half the cases had poor academic achievement (43.7%, n = 34). Positive correlates included family history of psychiatric disorders, the order of birth, and parental disharmony. Conclusion: ADHD is prevalent in Egyptian adolescents and is associated with high psychiatric comorbidity and a pronounced effect on academic performance.
Public leadership development facilitation and the crossroads blues
Authors: Smolović Jones Owain , Grint Keith , Cammock Peter
Published: June 2014

The article seeks to make sense of the choices facing the public leadership development facilitator, in design and in-the-moment programme decisions. The challenge is posited as one of situating knowledge of facilitation practices in a critical relationship with the public sector leadership literature and the critical leadership development literature. The article positions public leadership development facilitation as sitting within three pressing dilemmas, or crossroads, concerning public leadership theory, critical leadership development scholarship and facilitation scholarship. A narrative ethnographic methodology is adopted to explore the constructions of a specific public sector leadership development facilitator as a means of analysing facilitator choices in action. An interpretation of how the facilitator frames and constructs public leadership in relation to the constructions of participants is offered. The article situates facilitator choices as highly political, sitting contextually between the idealism of the public sector literature and the social identifications of participants. The authors offer two dominant forms of facilitation choices (framing and adaptive) as a heuristic for facilitators, practitioners and scholars who wish to reflect further on the role of leadership development in the public realm.
The language of the integrative theory: Reflections on Gerd Jüttemann's Historische psychologie
Authors: Cornejo Carlos
Published: June 2014

Gerd Jüttemann has recently published a programmatic article in the German journal Erwägen-Wissen-Ethik (Deliberation-Knowledge-Ethics) in which he explains the main tenets of his theoretical approach Historical psychology. We analyze the characteristics of the metalanguage used by the author to produce the integration, questioning its effectiveness given its level of abstraction. Although integrative theories are necessary, a pluralism of grammars seems more promising than approaches favoring one unitary language.
Creating bridges to the future: The poetic dimension through family life
Authors: Abbey Emily , Bastos Ana Cecilia
Published: June 2014

In their article, Jovchelovitch, Priego-Hernandez, and Glaveanu (2013) document how children from societies characterized by collectivist ideologies, or who experience poverty and/or marginalization, may experience an accelerated process of decentration. In these children, the public world and its complexity are foregrounded in their drawings, and they show a strengthened connection between themselves and the public world relative to normative assumptions for their age. While the target article is largely focused on the outcomes of development, this commentary will further elaborate the processes of development. Process-focused accounts centralize the concept of emergence. We here consider the notion of poetic motion as a metaphor for human development that centralizes the notion of emergence. The study of phenomena circumscribed in this field cannot avoid recognizing the uncertainty that underlies the person's developmental experience—in impoverished environments or otherwise. Novelty emerges from a meaning-making field, within which the developing person moves, negotiating heterogeneous, ambivalent demands. In an everyday context—especially one of “living with fear”—that may be associated with marginalization and poverty, both children and adults act “as-if” the world were different, creating distance from the here-and-now and constructing bridges to the future. This process entails active imagination, in the intra and interpersonal spheres. This paper analyzes a case study to understand meaning-making processes in impoverished conditions. We look at how poverty limits developmental contexts, yet how, simultaneously, there can be psychological novelty in a very positive way, constructed through semiotically mediated, imagination driven, meaning-making processes.
What cultural psychologies need: Generalizing theories!
Authors: Valsiner Jaan
Published: June 2014

Culture and Psychology has by now been around for two decades. As its Editor, I like to look forward, rather than backward, to consider what might be necessary for further advancement of the area. While the discourses in the different subdomains of cultural psychologies 1 have stabilized over the two decades, elaborations of relevant cultural phenomena have been well established, and the field continues in its deeply international and transdisciplinary ways—there are still serious obstacles on its way of further advancement. I would outline two—the need of theory construction, and development of new methodology that honors the qualitative, dynamic, and holistic nature of cultural phenomena.
The semiotic coevolution of mind and culture
Authors: Cousins Steven D
Published: June 2014

The incompleteness thesis in cultural anthropology holds that the human mind is incomplete apart from culture, based on the rationale that the human brain and culture developed in interaction with each other, or “coevolved.” In evolutionary biology this process is known as the Baldwin effect, a form of natural selection in which individuals' innovative behavior creates novel selection pressures leading to genetic support or assimilation of that behavior. While the nature of these selection pressures is still controversial, as reflected in recent evolutionary accounts of language and tools, the Baldwin effect does not imply that evolution left the mind “unfinished” or rule out the possibility of psychic unity. Two basic approaches to the coevolution of mind and culture can be distinguished, according to how the human-made niche is defined. Informational coevolution is based on the idea that cultural artifacts and practices consist of information, such that the coevolutionary process produces cognitive mechanisms for acquiring and manipulating such information. Semiotic coevolution is based on the idea that culture consists of the meaning-making activity of the individuals who partake in it, such that the coevolutionary process produces the capacity to generate and experience such meaning. Although Evolutionary Psychology reflects the informational approach, the semiotic approach fits better with basic evolutionary principles.
The Vulnerability of Community Capitals as a Threat to Orang Kuala Community Development in Malaysia
Authors: Amir Zal W. A. , Omar Mustaffa , Salleh Hood , Ab. Halim Sharina
Published: June 2014

Community development emphasizes the utilization of community resources, also known as community capitals. However, it is often difficult for the community to access these resources; this difficulty retards development. Such is the predicament faced by the Orang Kuala, for whom coastal changes have resulted in greater difficulty in accessing their community resources. Nor is that the only threat that they face. For affirmation of these threats, this article lists two objectives, that is, to identify the accessibility of marine resources and to explain the types of threats faced by the Orang Kuala. To achieve these objectives, a study was conducted involving 51 household heads and 5 Orang Kuala informants, all of whom are residents of Sungai Layau village in Johor, Malaysia. This study uses a mixed-method approach, the concurrent embedded design, and also interview-based questionnaires and in-depth interviews simultaneously. For the first objective, the results show that the Orang Kuala can still attain community resources in the form of marine products. However, the Orang Kuala faced three types of threats: trends, shocks, and seasonal changes. The most significant threat to the Orang Kuala is the trend, that is, cost of living and social problems. These threats can reduce their chances of acquiring benefits from these community resources. This condition is called “vulnerability of community capitals.” The objective of this article is to put forth proposals on how to increase the capacity of community resources for the Orang Kuala so that their community can attain sustainable development. This proposal is based on the reality that the threats facing the Orang Kuala are at a critical level and that they are ready to accept changes.
Transcription of the activating receptor NKG2D in natural killer cells is regulated by STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation
Authors: Zhu Shiguo , Phatarpekar Prasad V. , Denman Cecele J. , Senyukov Vladimir V. , Somanchi Srinivas S. , Nguyen-Jackson Hoainam T. , Mace Emily M. , Freeman Alexandra F. , Watowich Stephanie S. , Orange Jordan S. , Holland Steven M. , Lee Dean A.
Published: June 2014

Key Points

STAT3 directly regulates expression of NKG2D in NK cells. Defects in STAT3 signaling result in deficient NKG2D responses to cytokine.
Expression-based network biology identifies immune-related functional modules involved in plant defense
Authors: Tully Joel P , Hill Aubrey E , Ahmed Hadia MR , Whitley Ryan , Skjellum Anthony , Mukhtar M Shahid
Published: June 2014

Background

Plants respond to diverse environmental cues including microbial perturbations by coordinated regulation of thousands of genes. These intricate transcriptional regulatory interactions depend on the recognition of specific promoter sequences by regulatory transcription factors. The combinatorial and cooperative action of multiple transcription factors defines a regulatory network that enables plant cells to respond to distinct biological signals. The identification of immune-related modules in large-scale transcriptional regulatory networks can reveal the mechanisms by which exposure to a pathogen elicits a precise phenotypic immune response.

Results

We have generated a large-scale immune co-expression network using a comprehensive set of Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis) transcriptomic data, which consists of a wide spectrum of immune responses to pathogens or pathogen-mimicking stimuli treatments. We employed both linear and non-linear models to generate Arabidopsis immune co-expression regulatory (AICR) network. We computed network topological properties and ascertained that this newly constructed immune network is densely connected, possesses hubs, exhibits high modularity, and displays hallmarks of a “real” biological network. We partitioned the network and identified 156 novel modules related to immune functions. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses provided insight into the key biological processes involved in determining finely tuned immune responses. We also developed novel software called OCCEAN (One Click Cis-regulatory Elements ANalysis) to discover statistically enriched promoter elements in the upstream regulatory regions of Arabidopsis at a whole genome level. We demonstrated that OCCEAN exhibits higher precision than the existing promoter element discovery tools. In light of known and newly discovered cis-regulatory elements, we evaluated biological significance of two key immune-related functional modules and proposed mechanism(s) to explain how large sets of diverse GO genes coherently function to mount effective immune responses.

Conclusions

We used a network-based, top-down approach to discover immune-related modules from transcriptomic data in Arabidopsis. Detailed analyses of these functional modules reveal new insight into the topological properties of immune co-expression networks and a comprehensive understanding of multifaceted plant defense responses. We present evidence that our newly developed software, OCCEAN, could become a popular tool for the Arabidopsis research community as well as potentially expand to analyze other eukaryotic genomes.
Genomic scars as biomarkers of homologous recombination deficiency and drug response in breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Watkins Johnathan A , Irshad Sheeba , Grigoriadis Anita , Tutt Andrew NJ
Published: June 2014

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapies have been found to be particularly effective in tumors that harbor deleterious germline or somatic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, the products of which contribute to the conservative homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Nonetheless, several setbacks in clinical trial settings have highlighted some of the issues surrounding the investigation of PARP inhibitors, especially the identification of patients who stand to benefit from such drugs. One potential approach to finding this patient subpopulation is to examine the tumor DNA for evidence of a homologous recombination defect. However, although the genomes of many breast and ovarian cancers are replete with aberrations, the presence of numerous factors able to shape the genomic landscape means that only some of the observed DNA abnormalities are the outcome of a cancer cell’s inability to faithfully repair DNA double-strand breaks. Consequently, recently developed methods for comprehensively capturing the diverse ways in which homologous recombination deficiencies may arise beyond BRCA1/2 mutation have used DNA microarray and sequencing data to account for potentially confounding features in the genome. Scores capturing telomeric allelic imbalance, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and large scale transition score, as well as the total number of coding mutations are measures that summarize the total burden of certain forms of genomic abnormality. By contrast, other studies have comprehensively catalogued different types of mutational pattern and their relative contributions to a given tumor sample. Although at least one study to explore the use of the LOH scar in a prospective clinical trial of a PARP inhibitor in ovarian cancer is under way, limitations that result in a relatively low positive predictive value for these biomarkers remain. Tumors whose genome has undergone one or more events that restore high-fidelity homologous recombination are likely to be misclassified as double-strand break repair-deficient and thereby sensitive to PARP inhibitors and DNA damaging chemotherapies as a result of prior repair deficiency and its genomic scarring. Therefore, we propose that integration of a genomic scar-based biomarker with a marker of resistance in a high genomic scarring burden context may improve the performance of any companion diagnostic for PARP inhibitors.
President's Page
Authors: Krohn Christine
Published: June 2014

What is the mission statement for SEG? Most old-timers know it well: “To promote the science and application of geophysics.” That, however, is the old mission statement. Last September, the SEG Board of Directors voted to adopt a new one. Why? We were engaged in strategic planning and recognized that the mission statement did not include a compelling reason for anyone to join SEG. Yes, many geophysicists are passionate about science, but the stated benefit for joining SEG is indirect. In the coming years, SEG will need to recruit the next generation of geophysicists to replace the large number of geophysicists now retiring. We need to focus our efforts, not only on promoting the science of geophysics, but also on providing value to our members — the people of geophysics.
Broadband laboratory measurements of dispersion in thermally cracked and fluid-saturated quartzite and a synthetic analogue
Authors: Li Yang , Olin Melissa , David Emmanuel C. , Jackson Ian , Schijns Heather , Schmitt Douglas R.
Published: June 2014

In the field, the seismic waves used for active-source imaging typically contain frequencies from 10 to about 100 Hz, with corresponding wavelengths of tens of meters. This contrasts greatly with the ultrasonic (∼ 1-MHz) wave-speed measurements carried out in the laboratory, with millimeter wavelengths. The purpose of the laboratory measurements is, of course, to provide insight into seismic wave speeds in situ. However, with the presence of a pore fluid, velocity measurements are sensitive to the frequency at which velocity data are collected. A study focuses on such fluid-flow-related dispersion by performing a broadband measurement in the laboratory from millihertz (mHz) to megahertz (MHz) frequencies on a natural quartzite and on a synthetic sintered glass-bead sample. Thermal cracks that have small aspect ratios of about 10−4 to 10−3 were introduced in both samples, which are of low porosities (1% to 2%) even after thermal cracking. A seismic-frequency forced-oscillation method is combined with a high-frequency ultrasonic technique, providing access to a wide frequency range. Under water-saturated conditions, the observed seismic wave speeds display substantial variations between seismic and ultrasonic frequencies in the cracked quartzite. A systematic increase in shear modulus, attributed to the suppression of fluid flow, has been monitored on the cracked glass-bead specimen with both argon and water saturation at ultrasonic frequency.
Seismic attenuation in partially saturated rocks: Recent advances and future directions
Authors: Tisato Nicola , Quintal Beatriz , Chapman Samuel , Madonna Claudio , Subramaniyan Shankar , Frehner Marcel , Saenger Erik H. , Grasselli Giovanni
Published: June 2014

The large amount of data collected with the broadband attenuation vessel (BBAV) and other laboratory devices and analyzed in the last five years sheds light on the physics of wave-induced fluid flow in Berea Sandstone. However, the knowledge is insufficient to fully exploit the physics of seismic wave attenuation in partially saturated rocks. In particular, some technical challenges have limited the depth of research. Soon these challenges will be overcome by the use of fluid-pressure sensors capable of measuring wave-induced fluid pressure in the seismic bandwidth when the sample is under high confining pressures. In addition, a new subresonance apparatus, paired with a micro-CT system, will be used to further investigate the influence of fluid distribution and microstructural features on attenuation.
GWB project impact grows
Authors: Clark Dean
Published: June 2014

The interim reports from four active projects dramatically illustrate the worldwide extent of SEG's Geoscientists Without Borders (GWB) program and the ability of several modern developments in applied geophysics to ameliorate major and often long-standing problems in some of the world's most impoverished areas. Even before this, however, GWB projects have spurred local, state, and national gov-ernments to act based on the results of work in India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Romania, South Africa, and Thailand.
Geophysical tutorial: Well-tie calculus
Authors: Bianco Evan
Published: June 2014

Welcome to the third tutorial in this series. Evan Bianco has put together a terrific look at 1D synthetic seismograms — the critical connections between well data and seismic data that make geologic interpretation possible. Most of us use proprietary software for this part of the workflow, but do you really know what's going on in there? My challenge is: Take a couple of hours, install IPython from ipython.org , and see if you can work your way through Bianco's Notebook at github.com/seg/tutorials — I guarantee you will learn something. If you get stuck, please reach out to him.
Is the DSM-5 chapter on somatic symptom disorder any better than DSM-IV somatoform disorder?
Authors: Mayou Richard
Published: June 2014

DSM-5 is a modest improvement on DSM-IV, notably in abandoning the distinction between medically explained and unexplained symptoms, but problems remain. The chapter text is incoherent, contradicts the classification and will be clinically unhelpful. ICD-11 should attempt a more logical and consistent revision.
Measuring clinically significant outcomes – LDQ, CORE-10 and SSQ as dimension measures of addiction
Authors: Raistrick Duncan , Tober Gillian , Sweetman Jenny , Unsworth Sally , Crosby Helen , Evans Tom
Published: June 2014

Aims and method

To determine values for reliable change and clinically significant change for the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) and Social Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ). The performance of these two measures with the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-10) as three dimension measures of addiction was then explored.

Results

The reliable change statistic for both LDQ and SSQ was ≥4; the cut-offs for clinically significant change were LDQ 410 males, ≤5 females, and SSQ ≥16. There was no overlap of 95% CIs for means by gender between ‘well-functioning’ and pre- and post-treatment populations.

Clinical implications

These data enable the measurement of clinically significant change using the LDQ and SSQ and add to the evidence for the performance of the LDQ, CORE-10 and SSQ as dimension measures of addiction. The CORE-10 and SSQ can be used as treatment outcome measures for mental health problems other than addiction.
Outcomes by Tumor Subtype and Treatment Pattern in Women With Small, Node-Negative Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Vaz-Luis Ines , Ottesen Rebecca A. , Hughes Melissa E. , Mamet Rizvan , Burstein Harold J. , Edge Stephen B. , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana M. , Moy Beverly , Rugo Hope S. , Theriault Richard L. , Weeks Jane C. , Winer Eric P. , Lin Nancy U.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

Treatment decisions for patients with T1a,bN0M0 breast cancer are challenging. We studied the time trends in use of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival outcomes among these patients.

Patients and Methods

This was a prospective cohort study within the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Database that included 4,113 women with T1a,bN0M0 breast cancer treated between 2000 and 2009. Tumors were grouped by size (T1a, T1b), biologic subtype defined by hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and receipt of chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab.

Results

Median follow-up time was 5.5 years. Eight percent of patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative tumors were treated with chemotherapy. Fifty-two percent of those with HER2-positive or HR-negative/HER2-negative breast cancers received chemotherapy, with an increase over the last decade. Survival outcomes diverged by subtype and size, but the 5-year distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) did not exceed 10% in any subgroup. The 5-year DRFS for patients with T1a tumors untreated with chemotherapy ranged from 93% to 98% (n = 49 to 972), and for patients with T1b tumors, it ranged from 90% to 96% (n = 17 to 2,005). Patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative disease had the best DRFS estimates, and patients with HR-negative/HER2-negative tumors had the lowest. In this observational, nonrandomized cohort study, the 5-year DRFS for treated patients with T1a tumors was 100% for all subgroups (n = 12 to 33), and for patients with T1b tumors, it ranged from 94% to 96% (n = 88 to 241).

Conclusion

Women with T1a,b tumors have an excellent prognosis without chemotherapy. Size and tumor subtype may identify patients in whom the rate of recurrence justifies consideration of chemotherapy. These patients represent an optimal group for evaluating less toxic adjuvant regimens to maintain efficacy while minimizing short- and long-term risks.
Minireview: Gut Microbiota: The Neglected Endocrine Organ
Authors: Clarke Gerard , Stilling Roman M. , Kennedy Paul J. , Stanton Catherine , Cryan John F. , Dinan Timothy G.
Published: June 2014

The concept that the gut microbiota serves as a virtual endocrine organ arises from a number of important observations. Evidence for a direct role arises from its metabolic capacity to produce and regulate multiple compounds that reach the circulation and act to influence the function of distal organs and systems. For example, metabolism of carbohydrates results in the production of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate and propionate, which provide an important source of nutrients as well as regulatory control of the host digestive system. This influence over host metabolism is also seen in the ability of the prebiotic inulin to influence production of relevant hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, and leptin. Moreover, the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, which produces conjugated linoleic acid, has been shown to reduce body-weight gain and white adipose tissue without effects on food intake. Manipulating the microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract modulates plasma concentrations of tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor to serotonin, a key neurotransmitter within both the enteric and central nervous systems. Indirectly and through as yet unknown mechanisms, the gut microbiota exerts control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This is clear from studies on animals raised in a germ-free environment, who show exaggerated responses to psychological stress, which normalizes after monocolonization by certain bacterial species including Bifidobacterium infantis. It is tempting to speculate that therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota may be useful in treating stress-related disorders and metabolic diseases.
The Association between Severity of Injuries of Facial Bones in the Children and the Circumstances of the Injury
Authors: Харитонов  , Kharitonov D. , Тихонов  , Tikhonov E.
Published: June 2014

The aim of the study is to identify the association between the severity of maxillofacial trauma and its origin. The study has included 58 cases of facial bone fractures in children of different ages received in different circumstances. All patients were treated in Maxillofacial Department of Voronezh Regional Pediatric Hospital № 2. In this paper it is shown that the gravity of the injury is directly dependent on the forces of the action of damaging factors, which is determined by the circumstances of an injury. The injuries are divided into two groups: low-speed trauma group and high-speed trauma group. The study has proved the necessity to reveal the separate group, i.e. medium-speed group of the traumas typical for children (a fall from a bike, a playground trauma). The results of this study are the following: the most frequent trauma in children is a low-speed trauma (a fall from one’s height, a criminal trauma), the most severe trauma is a high-speed-one (a high fall, road-traffic accidents, a blow into a face from a cattle).
The influence of the ratio of the core size and shell on heat homeostasis of some animals
Authors: Несмеянов  , Nesmeyanov A. , Шабанов  , Shabanov P. , Лучаков  , Luchakov Yu. , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the results of study of the thermoregulation in the thermo-neutral zone in rabbit and cow, also the processes of heat transfer during the evaporation of water in different sizes and with different surfaces on matrix infrared cameras with high-speed computer systems capture and image processing software. Experimental and modelling studies on animals were used. It was established that in the tissues of kernel the heat ho-meostasis is supported when the temperature of the environment within the thermo-neutral zone due to the mechanism of changing the size of the kernel and the shell, not by changing the energy-intensive processes of heat production and heat loss. This consistency of core temperature is confirmed by the determination of the fractal processes of heat exchange, depending on the phase of the adaptation process. It is shown that a large magnitude in such a big animal like a cow, in comparison with a rabbit, due to the larger size of its sheath, through which changes the size of the nucleus.
The complexity. The mind. The postneclassics (review of literature)
Authors: Хрупачев  , Khrupachev A. , Хромушин  , Khromushin Viktor , Дронова  , Dronova Evgeniya
Published: June 2014

There are three main approaches in the development of mankind. These approaches encompass all anthropogenic activities and are the basis of paradigm change. The transition from one paradigm to another (from deterministic to stochastic and to the third synergetic paradigm) the certain patterns were identified. To consider the differences between these three paradigms the authors introduced the philosophical categories of certainty - uncertainty, predictability - unpredictability. Currently, we are witnessing the birth of the third, synergetic paradigm, which is based on the design of the origin, formation, development and change (evolution) of complex open nonlinear non-equilibrium systems. The theory of self-organization claims to be interdisciplinary and universality, including in the sphere of creation a modern social picture of the world. Synergetics is dealing with collective and mass processes, with complex social systems and it is the most rational key to solving this problem. The Humanity, creating a science, did constantly a system synthesis, specifying in any science, the most important variables and the laws by which these variables are developing. All the laws of physics, chemistry were determined by such rules. Synergetics is now trying to say, how to do it in all Sciences. This review presents the basic principles of the theory of chaos and self-organization and main scientific areas of synergetics. The basics of application of synergetic methodology to practitioners of strategic planning, forecasting, forsythe and modeling were analyzed. The authors presented on the principles of synergetics the basic staged scenarios for the development and management of complex systems. The coping and management of social chaos and interdisciplinary modeling were classified.
Substantiation of norms of information safety of medical information systems by means of methods of evolutionary modelling
Authors: Гулов  , Gulov V. , Хвостов  , Khvostov Viktor , Чесноков  , Chesnokov P.
Published: June 2014

The analysis of a problem a substantiation of norms of safety of medical information of information systems in the form of quantitative requirements to security indicators is carried out. Mathematical statement of a problem of rationing of requirements to safety of the information of medical information systems is put in the form of an optimizing problem. On the basis of the comparative analysis of methods of the decision of optimizing problems with reference to the mathematical expression formalizing model of protection of the information, the algorithm of rationing based on methods of evolutionary modeling of protection of the information in medical information systems is offered. Use of genetic algorithms for the decision of optimizing problems of rationing of requirements to safety of the information allows to overcome a number of problems arising at application gradient methods in connection with a multi-peak kind of function conforming and a considerable quantity of optimized parameters. With use of the special software intended for realization of genetic algorithms from structure of the environment of mathematical calculations Matlab rationing of requirements to safety of the information is spent. As initial data the standard data containing in the most known popular database of realization of threats of safety of the information accumulated DARPA are used. Results of rationing of requirements safety are led to the information of medical information systems with use of evolutionary modelling at connection to a network "Internet" according to standard levels of realization of threats of safety of the information.
Assessment of efficiency of complex treatment of soft tissue wounds by means of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosolvate in experiment
Authors: Глухов  , Glukhov A. , Мохова  , Mokhova Olesya , Микулич  , Mikulich Elena
Published: June 2014

Purpose of the study is to assess the efficiency use of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosol-vate in the treatment of soft tissue wounds. The study was carried out on 72 white mongrel male rats weighing 210 ± 10 g with simulated aseptic wounds. The sampling was carried out for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days from the beginning of the experiment. To assess the course of wound process in the clinical study, planimetric and histological methods were applied. The comparison of obtained results has allowed to reveal the high efficacy of combined use of oxytocin and glycerosolvate titanium. On the basis of clinical and planimetric methods of investigation it was established that reduction of the area of the wound is significantly faster in animals treated with the use of oxytocin and glycerosolvate titanium. This treatment has a stimulating effect on the activity of connective tissue - accelerates the appearance and maturation of granulation tissue, occur earlier replacement of a number of inflammatory cells into cells, which provide proliferation; earlier appearance of collagen fibers and the prevalence among them horizontally. The use of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosolvate in laboratory animals with aseptic wounds influences positively on the dynamic of wounded process, allows to accelerate the appearance of granulation tissue and epithelialization.