bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAN-argcPredNet v2.0: a radar echo extrapolation model based on spatiotemporal process enhancement
Authors: Zheng Kun , Tan Qiya , Ruan Huihua , Zhang Jinbiao , Luo Cong , Tang Siyu , Yi Yunlei , Tian Yugang , Cheng Jianmei
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Precipitation nowcasting has important implications for urban operation and flood prevention. Radar echo extrapolation is a common method in precipitation nowcasting. Using deep learning models to extrapolate radar echo data has great potential. The increase of lead time leads to a weaker correlation between the real rainfall evolution and the generated images. The evolution information is easily lost during extrapolation, which is reflected as echo attenuation. Existing models, including generative adversarial network (GAN)-based models, have difficulty curbing attenuation, resulting in insufficient accuracy in rainfall prediction. To solve this issue, a spatiotemporal process enhancement network (GAN-argcPredNet v2.0) based on GAN-argcPredNet v1.0 has been designed. GAN-argcPredNet v2.0 curbs attenuation by avoiding blurring or maintaining the intensity. A spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) prediction network is designed as the generator. By suppressing the blurring effect of rain distribution and reducing the negative bias by STIC attention, the generator generates more accurate images. Furthermore, the discriminator is a channel–spatial (CS) convolution network. The discriminator enhances the discrimination of echo information and provides better guidance to the generator in image generation by CS attention. The experiments are based on the radar dataset of southern China. The results show that GAN-argcPredNet v2.0 performs better than other models. In heavy rainfall prediction, compared with the baseline, the probability of detection (POD), the critical success index (CSI), the Heidke skill score (HSS) and bias score increase by 18.8 %, 17.0 %, 17.2 % and 26.3 %, respectively. The false alarm ratio (FAR) decreases by 3.0 %.
Analysis of the GEFS-Aerosols annual budget to better understand aerosol predictions simulated in the model
Authors: Pan Li , Bhattacharjee Partha S. , Zhang Li , Montuoro Raffaele , Baker Barry , McQueen Jeff , Grell Georg A. , McKeen Stuart A. , Kondragunta Shobha , Zhang Xiaoyang , Frost Gregory J. , Yang Fanglin , Stajner Ivanka
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In September 2020, a global aerosol forecasting model was implemented as an ensemble member of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS) v12.0.1 (hereafter referred to as “GEFS-Aerosols”). In this study, GEFS-Aerosols simulation results from 1 September 2019 to 30 September 2020 were evaluated using an aerosol budget analysis. These results were compared with results from other global models as well as reanalysis data. From this analysis, the global average lifetimes of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), dust, sea salt, and sulfate are 4.06, 4.29, 4.59, 0.34, and 3.3 d, respectively, with the annual average loads of 0.14, 1.29, 4.52, 6.80, and 0.51 Tg. Compared with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Earth Observing System–Goddard Chemistry Aerosol and Radiation Transport (GEOS4-GOCART) model, the aerosols in GEFS-Aerosols have a relatively short lifetime because of the faster removal processes in GEFS-Aerosols. Meanwhile, in GEFS-Aerosols, aerosol emissions are the determining factor for the mass and composition of aerosols in the atmosphere. The size (bin) distribution of aerosol emissions is as important as its total emissions, especially in simulations of dust and sea salt. Moreover, most importantly, the strong monthly and interannual variations in natural sources of aerosols in GEFS-Aerosols suggest that improving the accuracy of the prognostic concentrations of aerosols is important for applying aerosol feedback to weather and climate predictions.
Probabilistic downscaling of EURO-CORDEX precipitation data for the assessment of future areal precipitation extremes of different durations
Authors: El Hachem Abbas , Seidel Jochen , Bárdossy András
Published: January 2024

Abstract. This work presents a methodology to inspect the changing statistical properties of precipitation extremes with climate change. Data from regional climate models for the European continent (EURO-CORDEX 11) were used. The use of climate model data requires first an inspection of the data and a correction of the biases of the meteorological model. Both the correction of biases of the point precipitation and those of the spatial structure were performed. For this purpose, a quantile-quantile transformation of the point precipitation and a spatial recorrelation method were used. Once bias-corrected, the data from the regional climate model were downscaled to a finer spatial scale using a stochastic method with equally probable outcomes. This enables the assessment of the corresponding uncertainties. The downscaled fields were used to derive area-depth-duration-frequency (ADDF) curves, and area-reduction-factors (ARF) for selected regions in Germany. The estimated curves were compared to those derived from a reference weather radar data set. While the corrected and downscaled data show good agreement with the observed reference data over all temporal and spatial scales, the future climate simulations indicate an increase in the estimated areal rainfall depth for future periods. Moreover, the future ARFs for short durations and large spatial scales increase compared to the reference value, while for longer durations the difference is smaller.
Technical note: Isotopic fractionation of evaporating waters: effect of sub-daily atmospheric variations and eventual depletion of heavy isotopes
Authors: Gallart Francesc , González-Fuentes Sebastián , Llorens Pilar
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Isotopic fractionation of evaporating waters has been studied constantly in recent decades, particularly because it enables calculation of both the volume of water evaporated from a water body and the isotopic composition of its source water. We studied the stable water isotopic composition of an artificial pan filled with water and subject to total evaporation in a sub-humid environment, in order to put into practice an operational method for estimating the time since disconnection of riverine pools when these are sampled for the quality of aquatic life. Results indicate that (i) when about 70 % of pan water had evaporated and its isotopic composition had become enriched in heavy isotopes, some subsequent periods of depletion instead of enrichment happened; and (ii) the customary application of isotopic fractionation equations to determine the isotopic composition of the water in the pan using weekly averaged atmospheric conditions (temperature and relative humidity) strongly underestimated the changes observed but predicted an early depletion of heavy isotopes. The first result, rarely reported in the literature, was found to be fully consistent with the early studies of the isotopic composition of evaporating waters. The second one could be attributed to the fact that weekly averages of temperature and relative humidity strongly overestimated air relative humidity during daylight periods of active evaporation. However, when the fractionation equations were parameterized using temperature and relative humidity weighted by potential evapotranspiration at sub-hourly time steps, they adequately reproduced the observed isotopic composition of the water in the pan, including the late periods of heavy isotope depletion. We demonstrate how weekly increases in air relative humidity when the pan water was already enriched in heavy isotopes led to their depletion. We also analyse the errors that can be incurred if time averages are used instead of flux-weighted meteorological data for model parameterization and if unidentified periods of heavy isotope depletion occur. Our results should be taken into account when applying fractionation equations, particularly in conditions or areas with high air relative humidity.
Climate change is rapidly deteriorating the climatic signal in Svalbard glaciers
Authors: Spolaor Andrea , Scoto Federico , Larose Catherine , Barbaro Elena , Burgay Francois , Bjorkman Mats P. , Cappelletti David , Dallo Federico , de Blasi Fabrizio , Divine Dmitry , Dreossi Giuliano , Gabrieli Jacopo , Isaksson Elisabeth , Kohler Jack , Martma Tonu , Schmidt Louise S. , Schuler Thomas V. , Stenni Barbara , Turetta Clara , Luks Bartłomiej , Casado Mathieu , Gallet Jean-Charles
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Svalbard archipelago is particularly sensitive to climate change due to the relatively low altitude of its main ice fields and its geographical location in the higher North Atlantic, where the effect of Arctic amplification is more significant. The largest temperature increases have been observed during winter, but increasing summer temperatures, above the melting point, have led to increased glacier melt. Here, we evaluate the impact of this increased melt on the preservation of the oxygen isotope (δ18O) signal in firn records. δ18O is commonly used as a proxy for past atmospheric temperature reconstructions, and, when preserved, it is a crucial parameter to date and align ice cores. By comparing four different firn cores collected in 2012, 2015, 2017 and 2019 at the top of the Holtedahlfonna ice field (1100 m a.s.l.), we show a progressive deterioration of the isotope signal, and we link its degradation to the increased occurrence and intensity of melt events. Our findings indicate that, starting from 2015, there has been an escalation in melting and percolation resulting from changes in the overall atmospheric conditions. This has led to the deterioration of the climate signal preserved within the firn or ice. Our observations correspond with the model's calculations, demonstrating an increase in water percolation since 2014, potentially reaching deeper layers of the firn. Although the δ18O signal still reflects the interannual temperature trend, more frequent melting events may in the future affect the interpretation of the isotopic signal, compromising the use of Svalbard ice cores. Our findings highlight the impact and the speed at which Arctic amplification is affecting Svalbard's cryosphere.
Optimal allocation of 30GW offshore wind power in the Norwegian Economic Zone
Authors: Hølleland Sondre , Berentsen Geir Drage , Otneim Håkon , Solbrekke Ida Marie
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Norwegian government aims to install offshore wind power with a total capacity of 30 gigawatts by 2040, and the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate has suggested twenty candidate regions. We show that the potential for reducing overall power production variance across these regions is high using modern portfolio theory and the hourly and spatially rich reanalysis NORA3 Wind Power data set (NORA3-WP). The geographical diversification effect is demonstrated under various relevant scenarios, including a sequential build-out scenario with a fully connected Norwegian power grid assumption. By considering 20 alternative regions selected using a recently developed suitability score, we further illustrate that the diversification effect is robust to location changes.
Nonlinear vibration characteristics of virtual mass systems for wind turbine blade fatigue testing
Authors: Zhou Aiguo , Shi Jinlei , Dong Tao , Ma Yi , Weng Zhenhui
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The biaxial fatigue test of wind turbine blades is helpful to shorten the test time and is more suitable for the actual operating conditions. Adding tuning masses to the blade is a common method for blade uniaxial testing at present, and its purpose is to adjust the load distribution in one direction of the blade. However, the tuning masses on the blade will affect the load distribution in the direction of the blade flap-wise and edge-wise at the same time in the biaxial test, so the concept of “virtual masses” is proposed to realize the decoupling of the load distribution in the biaxial test. Due to the limitation of the size of the virtual mass mechanism and the complex motion trajectory of the blade, the actual inertial effect provided by the virtual masses is different from the ideal situation, which will affect the resonance characteristics of the test system and the load distribution of the blade. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effect of the nonlinear effect introduced by the virtual masses on the resonance characteristics of the test system and the blade load distribution, the equivalent dynamic model of the bladed virtual mass test system was established by using the Lagrange method. Then, the nonlinear effects of blade amplitude and virtual mass installation parameters on the test system are obtained by a numerical method. Then, based on the nonlinear vibration theory, the approximate nonlinear amplitude–frequency characteristics of the test system are obtained, that is, the resonance frequency of the test system will decrease with the increase in the blade amplitude. Through the simulation analysis of two blades over 80 m in length, the applicability of the theoretical method is verified. It can be seen from the simulation results of the simulated uniaxial test that larger amplitudes of the blade and shorter connection rods will reduce the resonance frequency of the test system. When the vibration amplitude at the excitation point is the same, a lower resonance frequency results in a smaller load distribution level, that is, the area which is actually fully tested will be reduced. In the biaxial simulation test, the resonance frequency of the test system will be further reduced because the virtual masses will be affected by the coupled motion in both directions at the same time. Furthermore, the introduction of an external mechanism of the virtual mass will also cause deformation of the envelope of the blade biaxial trajectory, which will further affect the load distribution of the blade. This work explores the nonlinear influence of virtual masses on the actual fatigue test. The theoretical analysis is helpful to provide the basis and reference for the preliminary preparation work of the test organization, including adjusting the tuning mass scheme, adjusting the load distribution and selecting the appropriate excitation equipment.
Quem vocês pensam que são? Reflexões sobre a vulnerabilidade informacional nas pessoas em situação de rua sob o prisma da Competência em Informação
Authors: Spudeit Daniela , Vitorino Elizete Vieira
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Discorre sobre aspectos relacionais entre a vulnerabilidade social, competência em informação e pessoas em situação de rua apresentando as políticas públicas como caminho para promoção de acesso e uso da informação para esse grupo de pessoas.Método: Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e bibliográfica cujo levantamento ocorreu em bases de dados interdisciplinares no âmbito nacional e internacional.Resultados: As pessoas em situação de rua enquadram-se nos grupos vulneráveis porque, além de enfrentarem dificuldades básicas de moradia, higiene, saúde e alimentação também ficam à margem dos benefícios sociais, devido aos obstáculos e barreiras para acesso e uso de sistemas de informação em geral. Por serem pessoas invisibilizadas pelo poder público e sofrerem preconceito por sua condição, são oprimidas, não conseguem ter acesso às políticas públicas e são tratadas como dejetos pela sociedade. Daí a importância de se pensar políticas públicas e ações voltadas ao desenvolvimento da competência em informação para minimizar a vulnerabilidade social desse grupo.Conclusões: Conclui-se que que a falta de acesso e uso da informação torna as pessoas frágeis e dependentes do sistema, por outro lado, desenvolver a competência em informação contribui para minimizar as perdas e riscos que as pessoas em situação de rua estão expostas. Melhorar as habilidades, conhecimentos, valores, comportamentos e atitudes quanto ao uso da informação otimizará a capacidade de resposta das pessoas frente as suas demandas para que consigam sair desta situação de vulnerabilidade social e informacional se tornando sujeitos ativos e autônomos para terem acesso aos direitos enquanto cidadãos garantidos pela Constituição Federal.
Biaya Kualitas dan Produktivitas pada Perusahaan
Authors: Khaddafi Muammar , Jaya Seri , Husna Asmaul , Debrianti Dwi Rasti , Pertiwi Eka Dwi , Nursafitri Yessi
Published: January 2024

Tujuan   penelitian   ini   untuk mengkaji   tentang   jenis   biaya   kualitas   dan   hubungannya   dengan produktivitas pada perusahaan. Biaya kualitas muncul karena produk yang dihasilkan tidak memenuhi spesifikasi yang diinginkan oleh konsumen. Dengan kata lain, produk tersebut memiliki kualitas yang buruk, baik yang akan terjadi atau yang sudah terjadi dalam suatu perusahaan. Jika hal ini terjadi, maka perusahaan akan menekan biaya-biaya ini pada tingkat seminimum mungkin tanpa mengabaikan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Pengukuran dan pengendalian terhadap biaya kualitas akan dituangkan melalui laporan biaya kualitas supaya perusahaan dapat menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas produk sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Ada 4 kategori biaya kualitas yaitu: biaya pencegahan, biaya penilaian, biaya gagal internal, dan biaya gagal eksternal. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan yaitu pengumpulan data yang diarahkan pada pencarian data dan informasi melalui dokumen-dokumen, baik dokumen tertulis, foto, gambar maupun dokumen elektronik yang dapat menunjang proses penulisan terkait Biaya Kualitas dan Produktivitas pada Perusahaan. Studi   ini menunjukkan    bahwa biaya kualitas berhubungan langsung dan berdampak pada Produktivitassuatu perusahaan. Biaya kualitas dapat menghasilkan naiknya produktivitas sampai dengan produk akan dihasilkan serta tercipta kepuasan pada pelanggan. Produktivitas  merupakan indikator  perkembangan  suatu  perusahaan.  Oleh  karena  itu,  setiap  perusahaan  harus melakukan pengukuran produktivitas dalam satu siklus yang terdiri dari: productivity measurement, productivity evaluation, productivity planning dan productivity improvement.
PREVENTIVE STRATEGY FOR MANAGING LOCUDS POPULATIONS IN ORDER TO REDUCING INVASION
THREATS UNDER GLOBAL WARMING
Authors:   Zh. Zhiembayev Kazakh Research
            Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Azhbenov V.K. , Dinasilov A.S. ,   Zh. Zhiembayev Kazakh
            Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2024

В условиях глобального потепления климата возросли риски нашествия стадных
саранчовых. Контроль за саранчовыми заключается в массированных обработках в режиме
«химического пресса» и приводит к увеличению затрат, ухудшает экологию, приводит к
загрязнению окружающей среды токсиостатками пестицидов. Альтернативой «химическому
прессу» является превентивный контроль и управление популяциями саранчовых, имеющий под
собой научную базу. Превентивные мероприятия направлены на снижение отрицательных
последействий применения химических средств путем применения малоопасных инсектицидов,
биопрепаратов и биологических средств защиты растений. Следует отметить, что сегодня в
Казахстане и других странах нет идеального препарата против саранчовых, а стратегия
фитосанитарного контроля численности саранчовых должна меняться в зависимости от
достижений научного прогресса, отношения к охране окружающей среды, агротехнологий и
других факторов. Стратегической задачей современной фитосанитарии является снижение
численности вредных организмов до экономически безопасного уровня, уменьшение
отрицательного воздействия массированных химических обработок на экологию. В данном
направлении большие возможности появляются в результате перехода от традиционной
технологии борьбы на основе массированного применения химических средств к превентивной
технологии фитосанитарного контроля популяциями стадных саранчовых
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES WHEN USED IN THE
PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC POTATOES IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Regional branch
            ", Tokbergenova Zh.A. ,   Kainar",   LLP ",   Kazakh Research Institute of
            Fruit and Vegetable Growing",   Kainar village, Almaty
            region, Kazakhstan, Chadinova A.M. ,   LLP "Kazakh Research
            Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zh. Zhiembaev" Almaty
            city, Kazakhstan, Budanov N.U. ,   NAO "Kazakh National
            Agrarian Research University", Almaty city, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2024

В Казахстане не производится органический картофель. Поэтому весьма важна
разработка органических агротехнологий. В органическом сельском хозяйстве запрещено
применение минеральных удобрений и пестицидов. Здесь возникают сложности по сохранению
плодородия почвы, обеспечению растений картофеля необходимыми элементами питания, защиты
от вредных организмов. В этом аспекте возрастает роль биоорганических удобрений и
биометода защиты растений. Биоорганические удобрения являются важным фактором сохранения
и воспроизводства плодородия почвы, повышения урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур,
в т.ч. картофеля, улучшения качества продукции, включая ее экологическую чистоту. С
целью разработки органических технологий выращивания органического картофеля в условиях
предгорной зоны юго-востока Казахстана изучена эффективность различных видов
органических удобрений и биопестицидов на картофеле. Исследования проводились на научном
стационаре Регионального филиала «Кайнар» ТОО «Казахский НИИ плодоовощеводства». В
исследованиях использованы методика агрохимических исследований (Юдин, 1980), методика
опытного дела в овощеводстве и бахчеводстве (М., 1992), методика полевого опыта в
овощеводстве (Литвинов, 2011), методические рекомендации «Переход от традиционного к
биоорганическому земледелию в Республике Беларусь» (Минск, 2015). Выявлена высокая
эффективность испытанных новых видов биоорганических удобрений и биологических средств
защиты растений от вредных организмов. Выделившиеся биоорганические удобрения и
биологические средства защиты рекомендованы производству.
CHANGES IN THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF APPLE FRUITS DURING STORAGE
Authors:   LLP ", Isina Zh.M. ,   Kazakh Scientific Research
            Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after
            Zh.Zhiembayeva",   , Almaty city,
            Kazakhstan, Kopzhasarov B.K. ,   LLP "Kazakh Scientific
            Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zh.Zhiembayeva",
            Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Beknazarova Z.B. ,   LLP "Kazakh Scientific
            Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zh.Zhiembayeva",
            Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Koshmagambetova M.Zh. ,   LLP "Kazakh Scientific
            Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zh.Zhiembayeva",
            Almaty city, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2024

Қазақстанның оңтүстігі мен оңтүстік-шығысында бау-бақша шаруашылығын дамыту
Қазақстанда мемлекеттік саясатты жүзеге асырудың негізгі құралына айналуда. Аймақтың
табиғи-климаттық жағдайы отандық іріктелген алма ағаштарының үздік үлгілерін пайдалануға
мүмкіндік береді. Халық арасында үлкен сұранысқа ие дәстүрлі алма ағашының Апорт,
Восход, Мақсат, Рахат, т.б сорттары жеміс-жидектерді сақтаудағы қиындықтарға байланысты
кең көлемде өсірілмейді. Бұл мақалада Алматы облысы, Еңбекшіқазақ ауданы Суздалева шаруа
қожалығында органикалық егіншілік жағдайында өсірілген Қазақстандық селекциядағы алма
жемістерін сақтау кезінде С витамині құрамының динамикасы, құрғақ заттың массасы,
ылғалдың массалық үлесі, жалпы қанттың массалық үлесі бойынша жүргізілген зерттеулер
нәтижелері келтірілген. Жемістер қыркүйектің соңынан бастап сақталып, желтоқсанның
ортасында сатылды. Сақтау кезінде С витаминінің ең аз мөлшері өңделмеген нұсқада
байқалады, ал С витамині мөлшерінің жоғарылауы иммуномодуляторы бар нұсқада байқалады.
Зерттелген екі сорттың да көрсеткіштерінде шамалы айырмашылықтар болды. Восход Алатау
сортттарының бақылау нұсқасында 13-28 және Мақсат сортында 15-52. Құрғақ заттардың
мөлшері Максат алма сортындағы Экстрасол және Фитолавин препаратымен өңделген нұсқада
тиісінше 17-23 және 17-31 жоғары. Восход және Алатау сортында, сондай-ақ сақтау
кезеңінде құрғақ заттың массасы Экстрасолмен өңделген нұсқада 15,5-ке және Агрофлоринмен
өңделген нұсқада 15,65 мг дейін көтеріледі. Жемістердегі кальцийдің ең төмен мөлшері –
Фитолавин нұсқасында - 29,17 мг, содан кейін Мақсат сортында - 27 мг. Восход сорты
сақтау кезінде кальцийдің жоғалуын 33,45 мг-ден 29,0 мг-ға дейін көрсетеді
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC-MINERAL LEAF FERTILIZERS ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LIGHT GRAY
SOILS UNDER CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT, SOYBEANS AND SUGAR BEET
Authors:   «Kazakh Research Institute of
            Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U. Uspanov» LLP, Almaty,
            Kazakhstan, Ramazanova R.H. , Kurmanbaev A.A. ,   «Kazakh Research Institute
            of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U. Uspanov» LLP, Almaty,
            Kazakhstan, Abay A. ,   «Kazakh Research Institute
            of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U. Uspanov» LLP, Almaty,
            Kazakhstan, Ermek Sh. ,   «Kazakh Research Institute
            of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U. Uspanov» LLP, Almaty,
            Kazakhstan
Published: January 2024

Любое воздействие на почву значительно изменяет характер биологических процессов,
протекающих в ней. При применении минеральных удобрений часто возникают проблемы
экологического характера, что заставляет ученых искать пути покрытия потребности
растений в питании с помощью органических и биологических удобрений. При этом уделяется
внимание способам применения удобрений. В этой связи были проведены исследования по
выявлению влияния некорневых подкормок органо-минеральными листовыми удобрениями на
показатели биологической активности сероземной орошаемой почвы под посевами озимой
пшеницы, сои и сахарной свёклы. В качестве органо-минеральных листовых удобрений в
опытах применяли удобрения, обогащенные хелатами, комплексом аминокислот растительного
происхождения, гуминовыми кислотами, органическими соединения азота. Некорневая
подкормка аммиачной селитрой (St) и органо-минеральными удобрениями проводилась: озимая
пшеница и соя – III и IV+V этапах, сахарная свекла – образование 4-6 листьев и 8 листьев
на фоне внесения расчетных доз фосфорных удобрений. По результатам исследований
выявлено, что изменение биологической активности в пахотном слое почвы в течение
вегетационного периода зависит от вида сельскохозяйственных культур, от сезона,
применения удобрений. Значение ОМЧ ожидаемо было самым высоким на почвах без применения
удобрений, в зависимости от культур численность бактерий в ряду пшеница – сахарная
свекла – соя снижалась. Органо-минеральные удобрения в посевах пшеницы и сои на
численность микроорганизмов эффекта не оказали, за исключением Рутер и Геоферт, которые
показали небольшой стимулирующий эффект в посевах сахарной свеклы. Действие
органо-минеральных удобрений на размеры эмиссии диоксида углерода неравнозначно и имеет
различный эффект в зависимости от культуры. Активность гидролиза флюоресцеина в FDA
тесте в большей мере определяется температурным режимом и условиями увлажнения в период
весенне-летней вегетации. Удобрения не оказали какого-либо существенного
влияния.
STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS EXTERNAL CONDITIONS DURING INCUBATION ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF CHICKEN EMBRYOS OF THE BREED "BRAHMA"
Authors:   Pavlodar Pedagogical University
            named after A. Margulan, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Korogod N.P. , Tulindinova G.K. ,   Pavlodar Pedagogical
            University named after A. Margulan, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Kurmanbaev R.Kh. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda
            University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Arynova Sh.Zh. ,   Toraigyrov University,
            Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Chidunchi I.Yu. ,   Toraigyrov University,
            Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2024

Мақалада Павлодар облысы Тереңкөл ауданы Октябрьское ауылының аумағында жас
тауықтарды инкубациялау үшін оңтайлы жағдайларды таңдау бойынша зерттеу нәтижелерінің
сандық және сапалық деректері келтірілген. «Брама» тұқымының ет-сәндік бағытындағы
тауықтардың жұмыртқалары 168 дана инкубацияға жарамдылығы үшін олардың сапасын бағалау
нәтижелері бойынша іріктелді. Эмбриологиялық зерттеулер 2021 жылдың жазғы кезеңінде
жүргізілді.. Біз балапандарды өсіру процесінің негізгі шарттарын таңдадық: ұрықтандыру,
ұрықтандыру және жас жануарларды шығару. Біз балапандарды өсіру процесінің негізгі
шарттарын таңдадық: ұрықтандыру, балапан мен құстарды шығару мөлшері. Инкубацияға
салынған жұмыртқалардың бақылау тобында ұрықтандыру 69,6% құрады. Ұрықтанған
жұмыртқалардың ішінде инкубациялық әдіспен ұрықтандыру 53,8% құрады. Төселген
жұмыртқадан жас жануарлардың жалпы шығымы 37,5% құрады. 1-ші тәжірибелік топта терең
өңдеу әдісімен иммунал ерітіндісі қолданылды, ұрықтандыру 67,8%–ға тең болды,
ұрықтан-дырылған жұмыртқадан балапандарды шығару 86,8%, жас құстардың жалпы шығуы 68,9%
құрады. 2-ші тәжірибе тобына термиялық контраст режимі қолданылды. Нәтижелерді талдау
көрсеткендей, бұл топта жұмыртқаның ұрықтануы 64,3%, балапандардың ұрықтандырылған
жұмыртқадан шығуы 61,1%, жас құстардың жалпы өнімі 39,28% болды. Осылайша, эксперимент
нәтижелері инкубацияның ең тиімді әдісі терең өңдеу әдісімен иммунал ерітіндісін қолдану
екенін көрсетті.
METHODS OF USING CHICKPEA PROTEIN ISOLATE IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors:   NJSC «Zhangir khan West
            Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University», Uralsk city, Kazakhstan, Orazov A.Zh. , Tazeddinova D.R. ,   FSAEIHE «South Ural State
            University (NRU)», Chelyabinsk city, Russia, Ryskaliyeva B.Zh. ,   NJSC «Zhangir khan West
            Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University», Uralsk city, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2024

Бұл мақалада ноқат ақуыздарының изолятын алу технологиясын жасау және оның
физика-химиялық қасиеттерін зерттеу қарастырылған. Аталған мақсатқа жету үшін келесі
міндеттер қойылды: ноқаттың химиялық құрамын талдау; ноқат ақуызының изолятын алудың
оңтайлы шарттарын анықтау; алынған ноқат ақуызының изолят физика-химиялық қасиеттерін
зерттеу және оның биологиялық құндылығын анықтау. Зерттеу нысаны - ноқат бұршағы және
ноқат бұршағынан ақуыз изоляты. Зерттеу жұмысының міндеттеріне сәйкес ноқат бұршағының
химиялық құрамы (100г): ылғал мөлшері 3%, ақуыз мөлшері 28,5% және май мөлшері 5,3%
екені анықталды. «Юбилейный» сортының ноқат бұршағынан ақуыз изоляты алдын ала
майсыздандырылған шикізаттан ақуызды сілтілі экстракциялау және қышқыл ортада ақуызды
тұндыру арқылы алынды. Ноқат бұршақтарының ақуызын алу кезінде рН=11 тең сілтілі
ортасында ақуыздың ең көп шығымдылығы байқалды. Тәжірибеде «Юбилейный» ноқат ақуызының
изоэлектрлік нүктесі рН=4,6 тең екендігі белгілі болды, осыған байланысты қышқыл ортада
ақуыздың максималды тұндырылуы аталған рН-та жүргізілді. Тұнба 0,15-0,20 кПа қысымда
және 50 °С температурада лиофилизация әдісімен кептірілді. Алынған ақуыз изолятының
ылғалдылығы 6,0%; ақуыз мөлшері 90%; май мөлшері 0,4% болды. Алынған ноқат ақуызының
изоляты ФАО/ДДҰ-ның аминқышқылдардың эталондарымен салыстырылып, барлық қажетті
аминқышқылдарын жеткілікті мөлшерді көрсетті. Аминқышқылдарының СКОР есептеу «Юбилейный»
ноқат бұршақтарынан алынған ақуыз изоляты үшін шектеуші амин қышқылы Лизин екенін
көрсетті (47%). Басқа алмастырылмайтын аминқышқылдарының СКОР-ы 100%-ға жақын. Ноқат
ақуызы изолятының биологиялық құндылығы 63% құрады
REAL-TIME DROWSY FACE DETECTION FOR ONLINE LEARNING BASED ON RANDOM FOREST AND DECISION TREE ALGORITHMS
Authors: Ani Dijah Rahajoe  , Subekti Mohamad Rafli Agung , Suriansyah Muhammad
Published: January 2024

In the current era, technology regarding artificial intelligence has developed rapidly and has been used in various areas of life. Face detection is one of the applications of Artificial Intelligence. This research aims to detect students' faces during the online learning process and succeeded in getting positive feedback when tested on students. Student detection includes drowsy and alertness. The method is via webcam in real-time so that the screen will show whether the student is drowsy or alert. In the trial, the teacher can find out who is in a drowsy and alert condition. On the other hand, students can find out that they fall into the drowsy or alert category. So that both parties immediately respond to what should be done based on the classification results. The algorithms used are Decision Tree and Random Forest. The accuracy results of the Random Forest algorithm are better than the Decision Tree algorithm, namely 65 percent, while the Decision Tree algorithm is 58 percent. The division of training data and test data uses a Kfold of 5. When Kfold is equal to 2, both algorithms have the highest accuracy, where Random Forest has an accuracy of 85 percent, and Decision Tre has an accuracy of 65 percent.
Comparative Study and Analysis of Forensic Artifacts of WhatsApp and Telegram on Android Devices
Authors: Fathiyana Rana Zaini , - Yudiansyah , Cahyadi Nanang , Hidayat Dinda Jaelani
Published: January 2024

Numerous instant messaging are available for mobile devices as a cheaper alternative over operator-based text messaging via SMS. Furthermore, instant messaging allow the user to exchange textual messages, images, audio, and videos. However, the ease offered by instant messaging also had a negative impact including making instant messaging as a criminal land. This paper focuses on conducting forensic data analysis of two popular instant messaging applications on Android smartphones; WhatsApp and Telegram. In this analysis, we use open-source tools and software applied on non-rooted Android devices. By using the result, an analyst will be able to read, and reconstruct the chronology of the messages and the list of contact and also know the difference in data structures obtained from these two instant messaging applications.
Operating Parabolic Troughs With Molten Salt: Solar Field Optimisation and Ternary Salt Properties
Authors: Krüger Dirk , Detzler Raphael , Schmitz Mark , Jung Christian , Bonk Alexander , Hanke Andrea , Horta Pedro , Martins Paula , Torabzagedan Mehrdad , Stengler Jana
Published: January 2024

A variety of works have been performed at the Évora Molten Salt Platform on a new collector system especially designed for optimised operation with solar salt as well as tests on a ternary salt. Concerning the new HelioTrough® 3.1 design the paper discusses how 30% less specific mass could be reached. Together with a novel approach to “run-in” bearings, as to lower friction, the torsion could be reduced significantly. Resultingly costs were reduced while improving precision of the trough. The ternary salt has been operated between October 2021 and May 2022 in the end reaching operation temperatures up to 500°C. Samples have been taken and analysed to investigate nitrite and nitrate development amongst others. The heat capacity of the Yara Molten Salt has been determined with now a high level of precision, as well as the density.
Standardized Balance of Plant Engineering for Solar Process Heat
Authors: Krüger Dirk , Leicht Jakob , Fahr Sven , Epp Bärbel , Krüger Joachim , Bonleitner Stefan , Burger Andreas , Riffelmann Klaus-Jürgen , Stengler Jana
Published: January 2024

The aim of the Modulus (Modular Heat Transfer Station) project is to achieve a cost reduction by standardizing the Balance of Plant (BoP) in the field of solar thermal process heat plants. A consortium of three parabolic trough collector manufacturers, one producer of conventional BoP plants, and two research institutes have joined forces to develop a conceptional approach: First, a worldwide research of existing process heat plants was carried out and the database "ship-plants.info" was evaluated. One partner analyzed in particular the plants that will be added in 2021. In the next step, the components of a BoP plant were listed in the power range from 0.5 to 10 MW, their potential for standardization was investigated and classified. Based on this, a standardized piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) was developed. This has already been used as a template for further detailing of the BoP for three process heat plants in Europe, which are presented in the third chapter. Finally, further standardization options for commissioning (functional and safety tests) and performance evaluation are discussed.
Extreme Value Analysis for Peak Heliostat Wind Load Predictions
Authors: Emes Matthew , Leslie Bruce , Arjomandi Maziar
Published: January 2024

This study investigated high-frequency load fluctuations on a rectangular heliostat model in a boundary layer wind tunnel experiment. Statistical methods for peak wind load predictions were compared with load distributions through load cell and surface pressure measurements on the heliostat model placed in two simulated atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) representing a flat desert terrain and open country terrain. It was found that statistical peak predictions based on horizontal wind gust velocity amplitude underestimates the load coefficients in stow and at oblique azimuth angles for maximum azimuth moments. In addition, it was shown that the distributions of the centre of pressure position and the hinge moment in stow position are non-Gaussian. It is therefore recommended that the frequency and amplitude of the vertical wind velocity component must be considered for peak load predictions of hinge moments and azimuth moments.
Heliostat Consortium: Gap Analysis on Wind Load for Achieving a Fully Competitive Heliostat Industry
Authors: Emes Matthew , Yellapantula Shashank , Sment Jeremy , Armijo Kenneth , Muller Matthew , Mehos Mark , Brost Randy , Arjomandi Maziar
Published: January 2024

The Heliostat Consortium (HelioCon) Wind Load Subtask was initiated with the aim of bringing research work pertaining to wind load measurement, characterization, and prediction taking place across several tasks, including Advanced Manufacturing, Components and Controls, and Field Deployment. The cross-cutting wind load subtopic in the HelioCon roadmap report [1] highlighted standardized methods and tools that are needed for a more detailed understanding of the static and dynamic loads on a heliostat. This will enable cost reduction of wind-dependent heliostat components to avoid unnecessarily conservative, overly constrained designs and increase field efficiency/reliability, to reduce the risk of component failures due to high-wind events (>15 m/s). Gaps related to heliostat wind load include site characterization for wind measurements, critical load cases for heliostat design, turbulence impacts on heliostat tracking error, testing of heliostat array configurations, understanding spatial variation of maximum loads across the solar field, and heliostat field layout and operating strategies. The recommended highest-priority pathway as first steps taken by HelioCon to address these gaps are to develop site characterization guidelines for heliostat design and field load measurements.
Paths and Procedure of Hajj in the 12th-14th Centuries Shown in the Travelogue of Ibn Jubayr and Ibn Battuta
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Kim Ji-Ho , Kim Jeoung-Myoung
Published: January 2024

This study examines the characteristics of Rihla Literature and analyzes the works of Ibn Jubayr and Ibn Battuta in the Middle Ages to find out the route of Hajj, the appearance of Mecca, and the procedure of Hajj in the 12th-14th centuries Medieval Muslim traveled to various destinaions, and their records led to the development of “Rihla literature.” These works are evaluated as important historical sources. This study aims to examine the appearance of medieval Hajj through the analysis of the works of two representative writers. Through the analysis, this study finds the Hajj routes, the adversities they experienced, the appearance of the Mecca at the time, and pilgrimage procedures.
A study to concretize the meaning and scope of Ḥadd(Ḥudūd)
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Lim Byung-Pil
Published: January 2024

This study aims to examine the process of becoming concrete from the dictionary meaning of Ḥadd (Ḥudūd), ‘boundary, limit’ to the meaning of Shariah, which is ‘crime and punishment determined by Allah’, its scope and legal basis. The word ‘Ḥudūd’ appears 14 times in 9 verses in the Koran and means ‘boundary set by Allah’. This was far from the meaning of Shariah and its scope was unclear. The chapter ‘Ḥudūd’ of the five Sunni Hadiths (Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daud, Tirmidi, and Ibn Maja) commonly mentioned illegal sexual acts (Zinā), drinking, and theft as Ḥadd (Ḥudūd), and individually mentioned robbery, apostasy, homosexuality, and rebellion. Also, the word ‘Ḥadd’, which was not mentioned in the Koran, was used together with ‘Ḥudūd’ to mean ‘crime and punishment determined by Allah’. So, it can be said that the meaning of ‘Ḥadd (Ḥudūd)’ in Sharia became concretized by Hadith. However, there were differences of opinion on the scope. The Sunni four major legal schools (Hanafi, Māliki, Shāfiʼi, and Hanbali) commonly included illegal sexual acts (Zinā), drinking, theft, slander, and robbery as Ḥadd(Ḥudūd).
A Study on Perception of Learning Arabic Based on Voice Recording Tasks
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Jo Jung-Min
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of learning Arabic based on voice recording tasks and explore the possibility of using voice recording as an Arabic learning tool focusing on pronunciation, listening, and speaking. Voice recording tasks were conducted for 6 weeks with 24 Arabic learners at the beginner and intermediate levels. Before assigning the voice recording task, the researcher explained the text to be recorded through a lecture and had the learners practice reading it out loud. The researcher had the learners listen to the native speaker recording MP3 file repeatedly, practice reading along, and then submit the voice recording assignment. In this regard, 21 learners participated in a survey, and in a survey of learners' overall perception of learning Arabic, it was found that learners perceived listening as the most difficult area. In a survey on the perception of the linguistic and affective effects of voice recording tasks, 90.4% of learners responded that there were linguistic effects in improving pronunciation, intonation, and speaking. Additionally, 80.9% of learners recognized that there were affective effects in increasing confidence, interest, and fun.
예루살렘의 기독교화, 이슬람화, 유대화
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Ahmed Mona Farouk M.
Published: January 2024

Throughout its history, the region of the Middle East has been marked by significant religious transformations, including the processes of Christianization, Islamization, and Judaization. Jerusalem, as a city sacred to the main religions of the Abrahamic faiths, stands as a compelling case study for examining these processes, given its unique holiness and the historical confrontations among these religions in the region. This study introduces Jerusalem as a focal point for analyzing the dynamics of each of these processes, tracing the emergence of the first communities of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam within this city. Through this examination, the study underscores both the similarities and differences among these transformative processes that unfolded in Jerusalem. The historical timeline of these processes in Jerusalem reveals that Christianization was the earliest to be implemented during Roman rule, followed by Islamization in the Medieval age, and, finally, Judaization in the modern era, which continues to the present day. Each of these processes can be distinguished by two distinct stages of application in Jerusalem, each leaving its impact on the city's demographics, resulting in the dominance of the majority population associated with the respective religion. Moreover, these transformations were accompanied by significant shifts in language, reflecting the cultural changes that took place. In addition to demographic and linguistic shifts, this study delves into other similarities and differences, shedding light on the evolution of Jerusalem's religious identity. Jerusalem serves as an illustrative example for other cities in the Middle East that have experienced religious shifts primarily linked to the Abrahamic faiths, showcasing the complex interplay of history, religion, and culture in shaping the identity of these cities over time.
Az affektív érintés és a fizikai jóllét a COVID-19 járvány idején
Authors: Nyitrai Erika , Kiss Enikő Csilla , Rózsa Sándor
Published: January 2024

Háttér: Számos kutatás támasztja alá, hogy az affektív érintés a pozitív kapcsolatok kontextusában a fizikai egészséghez és jólléthez kapcsolódik. Ezeket a tanulmányokat azonban nem a globális társadalmi távolságtartási intézkedések idején végezték. A COVID-19 megfékezésére világszerte elrendelt társadalmi távolságtartás – így az érintés és érintés hiánya kapcsán pedig csak annak pszichológiai és kapcsolati jólléttel való összefüggéseire irányultak kutatások. Jelen tanulmány kereteiben ezt a hiányzó területet vettük górcső alá. Cél: Az intézetben folyó „Életünk a koronavírus járvány idején” kutatásból az érintés és a fizikai egészség és jóllét kapcsolatára vonatkozó eredményeinket mutatjuk be. Módszer: Online keresztmetszeti vizsgálat keretében megközelítően reprezentatív mintán 1799 főtől a demográfiai adatok mellett, a társas érintés különböző formái, a fizikai egészség összevont mutatói és az egészségtudatosság közti összefüggéseket vizsgáltuk. Főbb eredmények: Összességében a válaszadók retrospektív adataiból az derül ki, hogy a COVID-19 előtti, a lezárások alatti és a korlátozások feloldása utáni időszakban valamennyi általunk vizsgált érintési típus esetében – kapott bizalmi, baráti és hivatalos érintések – jelentős változásokat észleltek a megkérdezettek azok mennyiségében. Azt találtuk, hogy a különböző típusú társas érintések a világjárvány minden szakaszában enyhe pozitív összefüggéseket mutattak a szubjektív egészségi állapottal, a fizikai jólléttel és az alvásminőséggel, negatívat a fizikai tünetekkel. A különböző érintési típusok esetében ezek az összefüggések eltérő erősségűek, erősebb együttjárásokat találtunk a bizalmas és baráti érintések esetében. Elvárásainkkal ellentétben nem találtunk szignifikáns összefüggéseket az érintés és az egészségtudatosság általunk vizsgált mutatói között. Eredményeink tovább erősítik a társadalmi távolságtartás egyénekre gyakorolt hatásának megértését.
A circle that closes. First report of Echinolittorina punctata (Gmelin, 1791) (Gastropoda; Littorinidae) for the coasts of Sardinia
Authors: Doneddu Mauro
Published: January 2024

Echinolittorina punctata (Gmelin, 1791), a thermophilic supralittoral species, was historically distributed along the Atlantic coasts from southern Spain to Senegal, and in the southern and eastern sectors of the Mediterranean. In the latter sea it has spread its range northwards only in recent years, moving up the Tyrrhenian coasts of Italy up to Tuscany, the Adriatic ones up to Croatia, and the southern coasts of Western Europe up to France. Sardinia, in an intermediate position between the Italian Tyrrhenian coasts and the southern Spanish and French ones, both recently colonized by E. punctata, presented itself as a foreseeable new settlement area. The discovery of some populations of this species in north-western Sardinia, along the coasts of the municipality of Porto Torres, represents the first report for Sardinia. It fills the last missing range gap for this species to be defined as widely distributed in the Mediterranean. The expansion of this species further northward in the Mediterranean seems linked to the general increase in sea water temperatures resulting from climate change.