bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Compliance Level of Healthcare Personnel at AVBRH to Appropriate Hand Hygiene Practices: A Study Protocol
Authors: Ramteke Prachi , Naik Rupali , Gudhe Vandana
Published: February 2022

Background: In COVID scenario World Health Organization (WHO) recommends washing hands with water and soap or alcohol-based hand rubs for cleaning hands. Hand hygiene has been considered a central component in every program related to infection control.  It is applicable to healthcare personnel handling critical patients as well. Poor hand hygiene during intrapartum and newborn care is associated with increased death rates among newborns due to sepsis. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of handwashing by healthcare staff in the hospital.

Methodology: This is an observational study which is conducted among the healthcare personnel at AVBRH hospital, Wardha. A tool consisting of a self-administered observation record form on knowledge and practices of handwashing will be used for data collection from 60 healthcare workers. Data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Expected Results: Appropriate levels of knowledge and practices about proper hand hygiene are expected within healthcare workers of AVBRH.  Availability of alcohol-based hand rubs, sanitizers, soap and water is expected at all times.

Conclusion: Considering the pandemic situation, the availability and use of hand sanitizers can be effective to limit the spread of infections COVID -19.
Case Report on Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Hadke Sonal , Sakharkar Sheetal , Raut Arati , Dhengare Archna , Gujar Samrudhi , Morey Swapna , Taksande Archana , Kumari Darshna , Pande Khushbu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Upper-abdominal pain is frequently caused by acute pancreatitis. A diagnosis based purely on symptoms and signs is difficult because its clinical features are similar to those of a range of other acute diseases. Acute pancreatitis is diagnosed using two of the 3 criteria given below: Stomach pain, increased serum lipase and/or amylase levels, and abnormal abdominal image processing are all signs of pancreatitis. When it comes to diagnosing acute pancreatitis, lipase has been demonstrated to have good specificity and sensitivity. Pain in the stomach that appears to originate from the pancreas When it comes to diagnosing acute pancreatitis, abnormal abdominal imaging and/or serum lipase and/or amylase values larger than three times the upper period of normal Lipase have been proven to have good sensitivity and accuracy.

MAIN Symptoms And / OR Important Clinical Findings: For 5 days, I had abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, decreased appetite, generalized weakness, fever, and loose movements.

Diagnostic Evaluation: He is a male patient who is 22 years old. And all diagnostic testing has been completed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen, ultrasonography, complete blood count: 12.8 gm/dl.

Therapeutic Intervention: Patient was treated injection meropenem 500 milligram thrice a day,  injection Levoflox 500 milligram one time a day, injection pan 40 milligram one time a day,  injection Emeset 4 milligram thrice a day, injection Tramadol 100 milligram thrice a day, injection Thiamine 100 milligram thrice a day, injection mucomix 600 milligram twice a day, injection Doxy 100 milligram twice a day, Injection Hydrocort 100 milligram thrice a day, Syrup, Kesol 2TSP thrice  a day.

Outcome: The patient’s overall condition gotten better.

Nursing Perspectives: Changing the fluid dextrose normal saline and ringer lactate were set up in the first place. On an hourly basis, keep track of your vital signs and blood pressure. Maintaining the patient’s intake and output chart, as well as providing adequate rest and sleep. Administered drugs as directed by the doctor.

Conclusion: During the past five days, patients complained of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting after each meal, difficulty swallowing, decreased appetite, generalised weakness, fever, and loose movements at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital. These symptoms were eased with proper treatment, and the patient is currently in good health.
A Study Protocol for Evaluation of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Kharche Kaustubh Vilasrao , Bhake Arvind , Vagha Sunita
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the most regularassessments done in clinical practice is anemia. Different levels classify the anemiasbased onthe numerical value of hemoglobin, alteration in the morphology and chromium, underlying etiologies, red cell volumetric parameters and functionally depending on pathophysiologic processes of anemia. Microcytic hypochromic anemia (MCHC) has different underlying causes, including iron deficiency anemia, beta-thalassemia trait, and hemoglobinopathies.  Before planning the treatment, assessing the hemoglobin for its variants and the detection of abnormal hemoglobinis mandatory. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proved to be significant for the evaluation of MCHC  because of its superior separation and quantification analytical powers.The present study has been undertakingthat anemia is the most prevailing and commonly treated clinical state managed by numerous nutritional supplements without much being done to know the underlying etiology or without evaluation of hemoglobin for its abnormalities.

Methods: This will bean observational (Prospective and Retrospective) study. Blood samples of 100 patients will be evaluated by HPLCBio-Rad variant,and various hemoglobin patterns; associate dhemoglobinopathies will be evaluated.

Results: The observations will be made according to the objectives and tabulated, which will be subjected to statistical tests for their significance and conclusions.

Conclusion: This study would contribute to understanding and knowing the etiology of MCHC in the population that our tertiary care hospitals serve.
The Effects of Plasma Exchange on Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Severe Vasculitis – A Case Study
Authors: Sahu Monali Rajendrakumar , Wairagade Tanvi Dilip , Wairagade Sonali Dilip , Ambad Ranjit S. , Muley Parikshit
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and widespread alveolar hemorrhage define ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), a rare, life-threatening illness (DAH).

Case Presentation: An elderly female came with lower limb weakness and oliguria had features suggestive of RPRF and fluid overload. She developed hemoptysis with respiratory failure despite hemodialysis and intravenous steroids. The diagnosis of patients was pulmonary-renal syndrome– DAH in the setting of ANCA and based on the HRCT chest and positive p-ANCA report. She had excellent responses to intravenous pulse steroids, cyclophosphamide, and plasma exchange. 

Conclusion: Based on observation showed the importance of immediate intervention in potentially fatal disease DAH in AAV.
Opportunistic Data Relay Scheme for Narrowband Multihop Combat Radio Networks
Authors: Lee Jongkwan
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose an opportunistic data relay scheme in narrowband multihop combat radio networks. Narrowband networks have physical restrictions on high-speed transmission. Furthermore, the topology changes dynamically due to the jamming of the enemy, signal interference between friendly forces, and movement of network entities. Therefore, the traditional relay scheme that collects topology information and calculates a relay path before transmission is unsuitable for such networks. Our proposed scheme does not collect topology information and transmits data opportunistically. The scheme can cause unnecessary data relaying that is not related to data delivery to the destination node. However, for small networks, the effect of increasing network throughput by not gathering topology information is much greater than the effect of reducing throughput by unnecessary data relays. We demonstrate the performance superiority of the proposed scheme through simulation in the worst case of network topology.
Online Sonobuoy Deployment Method with Bayesian Optimization for Estimating Location of Submarines
Authors: Kim Dooyoung
Published: February 2022

Maritime patrol aircraft is an efficient solution for detecting submarines at sea. The aircraft can only detect submarines by sonobuoy, but the number of buoy is limited. In this paper, we present the online sonobuoy deployment method for estimating the location of submarines. We use Gaussian process regression to estimate the submarine existence probability map, and Bayesian optimization to decide the next best position of sonobuoy. Further, we show the performance of the proposed method by simulation.
Analysis of Trends for Weapon System Accidents Using Social Network Analysis
Authors: Kang Eonbi , Park Sanghyun , Kwon Kiseok , Jeon Jeonghwan
Published: February 2022

Since military weapon accidents or breakdowns are directly linked to enormous damage, it is important to analyze the causes of weapons system accidents. Recently, in the defense sector, there have been cases in which budget has been saved through analysis of the causes of frequent breakdowns and improvement activities that have occurred in the process of operating weapon systems since 2015. But due to the nature of the defense sector, it is not easy to collect data and studies on weapons system accidents have been insufficient so far. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the causes and types of military weapon accidents by collecting military weapon accident data for military weapon systems and analyzing trends by weapon system classification through the analysis process. It analyzes statistically and visually through social network analysis, NodeXL. It is expected that this study will help improve the stability of the weapon system by reducing the number of military weapon accidents and failures.
Nutrient fertilization by dogs in peri‐urban ecosystems
Authors: De Frenne Pieter , Cougnon Mathias , Janssens Geert P. J. , Vangansbeke Pieter
Published: February 2022

(Semi‐)natural ecosystems provide many important benefits to nature and people, but are often located near populated and urbanized areas across the globe. During recreational activities, many people bring dogs into peri‐urban forests and nature, but their nutrient inputs per unit space and time via dog faeces and urine into ecosystems remain scarcely quantified.

Here, we estimate net fertilization rates of dogs in peri‐urban ecosystems, with a focus on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) because of their evident effects on plant biodiversity. We used 487 direct‐count censuses over 1.5 years to collect accurate dog abundance data per hectare per year in four sites in peri‐urban forests and nature reserves in Belgium. Based on estimated dog densities and a systematic literature search of nutrient concentrations in urine and faeces, we calculate N and P fertilization rates from urine and faeces deposits, also propagating uncertainty and variability in these estimates.

We find that canine N and P fertilization rates on average amount to 11 kg N (more or less equally from urine and faeces) and 5 kg P (predominantly from faeces) per hectare per year, respectively. These estimated amounts are substantial when compared to atmospheric inputs of N and extractable amounts via traditional nature management (e.g. mowing and hay removal).

Our estimated dog N and P fertilization rates in peri‐urban forests and nature are substantial. Such levels of nutrient inputs may considerably influence biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and co‐determine restoration outcomes. Our results underpin the need for managers and policy makers to more often (i) consider currently neglected nutrient inputs by dogs in management plans and restoration goals, (ii) communicate to dog walkers the role of their dog as ‘fertilizer’ and highlight the necessity to remove at least canine solid faecal waste, (iii) in sensitive oligotrophic ecosystems with species adapted to nutrient‐poor soils, establish nearby off‐leash dog parks, enforce the use of short leashes and/or apply dog bans such that high dog abundances can be avoided.
Onboard cone‐beam CT‐based replan evaluation for head and neck proton therapy
Authors: Stanforth Alexander , Lin Liyong , Beitler Jonathan J. , Janopaul‐Naylor James R. , Chang Chih‐Wei , Press Robert H. , Patel Sagar A. , Zhao Jennifer , Eaton Bree , Schreibmann Eduard E. , Jung James , Bohannon Duncan , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng , McDonald Mark W. , Zhou Jun
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Quality assurance computed tomography (QACT) is the current clinical practice in proton therapy to evaluate the needs for replan. QACT could falsely indicate replan because of setup issues that would be solved on the treatment machine. Deforming the treatment planning CT (TPCT) to the pretreatment CBCT may eliminate this issue. We investigated the performance of replan evaluation based on deformed TPCT (TPCTdir) for proton head and neck (H&N) therapy.

Methods and materials

Twenty‐eight H&N datasets along with pretreatment CBCT and QACT were used to validate the method. The changes in body volume were analyzed between the no‐replan and replan groups. The dose on the TPCTdir, the deformed QACT (QACTdir), and the QACT were calculated by applying the clinical plans to these image sets. Dosimetric parameters’ changes, including ΔD95, ΔDmean, and ΔD1 for the clinical target volumes (CTVs) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves for replan evaluation based on ΔD95 on QACT and TPCTdir were calculated, using ΔD95 on QACTdir as the reference. A threshold for replan based on ΔD95 on TPCTdir is proposed. The specificities for the proposed method were calculated.

Results

The changes in the body contour were 95.8 ± 83.8 cc versus 305.0 ± 235.0 cc (p < 0.01) for the no‐replan and replan groups, respectively. The ΔD95, ΔDmean, and ΔD1 are all comparable for all the evaluations. The differences between TPCTdir and QACTdir evaluations were 0.30% ± 0.86%, 0.00 ± 0.22 Gy, and −0.17 ± 0.61 Gy for CTV ΔD95, ΔDmean, and ΔD1, respectively. The corresponding differences between the QACT and QACTdir were 0.12% ± 1.1%, 0.02 ± 0.32 Gy, and −0.01 ± 0.71 Gy. CTV ΔD95 > 2.6% in TPCTdir was chosen as the threshold to trigger QACT/replan. The corresponding specificity was 94% and 98% for the clinical practice and the proposed method, respectively.

Conclusions

The replan evaluation based on TPCTdir provides better specificity than that based on the QACT.
A qualitative investigation of resilience and well‐being among medical physics residents
Authors: Paradis Kelly C , Ryan Kerry A , Schmid Spencer , Moran Jean M , Laucis Anna , Chapman Christina H , Bott‐Kothari Terri , Prisciandaro Joann I , Simiele Samantha , Balter James M , Matuszak Martha M , Narayana Vrinda , Jagsi Reshma
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Medical physics residents (MPRs) will define and shape the future of physics in medicine. We sought to better understand the residency experience, as related to resilience and well‐being, through the lens of current MPRs and medical physicists (MPs) working with residents.

Methods and materials

From February–May 2019, we conducted 32, 1‐h, confidential, semi‐structured interviews with MPs either currently enrolled in an accredited residency (n = 16) or currently employed by a department with an accredited residency (n = 16). Interviews centered on the topics of mentorship, work/life integration, and discrimination. Qualitative analysis methods were used to derive key themes from the interview transcripts.

Results

With regard to the medical physics residency experience, four key themes emerged during qualitative analysis: the demanding nature of medical physics residencies, the negative impacts of residency on MPRs during training and beyond, strategies MPRs use to cope with residency stress, and the role of professional societies in addressing residency‐related change.

Conclusions

Residency training is a stress‐inducing time in the path to becoming a board‐certified MP. By uncovering several sources of this stress, we have identified opportunities to support the resiliency and well‐being of MPs in training through recommendations by professional societies, programmatic changes, and interventions at the department and residency program director level for residency programs, as well as strategies that MPRs themselves can use to support well‐being on their career journey.
Rapidly progressive dementia: Extending the spectrum of GFAP‐astrocytopathies?
Authors: Friedrich Maximilian , Hartig Johannes , Prüss Harald , Ip Chi Wang , Volkmann Jens
Published: February 2022

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP‐A) is a steroid‐responsive meningoencephalomyelitis, sometimes presenting with atypical clinical signs such as movement disorders or psychiatric and autonomic features. Beyond clinical presentation and imaging, diagnosis relies on detection of GFAP‐antibodies (AB) in CSF. Using quantitative behavioral, serologic, and immunohistochemical analyses, we characterize two patients longitudinally over 18–24 months who presented with rapidly progressive neurocognitive deterioration in the context of GFAP‐AB in CSF and unremarkable cranial MRI studies. Intensified immunotherapy was associated with clinical stabilization. The value of GFAP‐AB screening in selected cases of rapidly progressive dementias is discussed.
4D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers: From Macro to Micro
Authors: Spiegel Christoph A. , Hackner Maximilian , Bothe Viktoria P. , Spatz Joachim P. , Blasco Eva
Published: February 2022

A novel and versatile shape memory ink system allowing 4D printing with light at the macroscale as well as the microscale is presented. Digital light processing (DLP) and direct laser writing (DLW) are selected as suitable 3D printing technologies to cover both regimes. First, a system based on monofunctional isobornyl acrylate and two crosslinkers consisting of a soft and a hard diacrylate is identified and proven to be compatible with both printing techniques. Employing DLP, a large variety of structures exhibiting distinct complexity is printed. These structures range from simple frames to more demanding 3D geometries such as double platform structures, infinity rings, or cubic grids. The shape memory effect is demonstrated for all the 3D geometries. Excellent shape fixity as well as recovery and repeatability is shown. Furthermore, the formulation is adapted for fast 4D printing at the microscale using DLW. Importantly, the 4D printed microstructures display remarkable shape memory properties. The possibility of trapping and releasing microobjects, such as microspheres, is ultimately demonstrated by designing, smart box‐like 4D microstructures that can be thermally actuated—evidencing the versatility and potential of the reported system.
Lab‐on‐a‐Contact Lens: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities in Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Zhu Yangzhi , Li Shaopei , Li Jinghang , Falcone Natashya , Cui Qingyu , Shah Shilp , Hartel Martin C. , Yu Ning , Young Patric , de Barros Natan Roberto , Wu Zhuohong , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Ermis Menekse , Wang Canran , Kang Heemin , Lee Junmin , Karamikamkar Solmaz , Ahadian Samad , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Kim Han‐Jun , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: February 2022

The eye is one of the most complex organs in the human body, containing rich and critical physiological information (e.g., intraocular pressure, corneal temperature, and pH) as well as a library of metabolite biomarkers (e.g., glucose, proteins, and specific ions). Smart contact lenses (SCLs) can serve as a wearable intelligent ocular prosthetic device capable of noninvasive and continuous monitoring of various essential physical/biochemical parameters and drug loading/delivery for the treatment of ocular diseases. Advances in SCL technologies and the growing public interest in personalized health are accelerating SCL research more than ever before. Here, the current status and potential of SCL development through a comprehensive review from fabrication to applications to commercialization are discussed. First, the material, fabrication, and platform designs of the SCLs for the diagnostic and therapeutic applications are discussed. Then, the latest advances in diagnostic and therapeutic SCLs for clinical translation are reviewed. Later, the established techniques for wearable power transfer and wireless data transmission applied to current SCL devices are summarized. An outlook, future opportunities, and challenges for developing next‐generation SCL devices are also provided. With the rise in interest of SCL development, this comprehensive and essential review can serve as a new paradigm for the SCL devices.
Recent Trends in Waterborne and Bio‐Based Polyurethane Coatings for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Salzano de Luna Martina
Published: February 2022

Polyurethanes (PUs) have been extensively exploited for the production of protective coatings thanks to the versatility of their chemistry, which allows to adjust the coating properties depending on the final application. In the last decade, the concerns on the negative impact on the environment and human health of traditional petroleum‐based and solvent‐borne PUs have fostered the research on more environmentally friendly alternatives. This review article provides an overview of the recent approaches that have been profitably pursued for the development of green PUs coatings for the protection of metal surfaces from corrosion. In particular, waterborne and bio‐based polyurethane coatings are addressed, highlighting the main strategies adopted to enhance their anticorrosion ability. Finally, relevant data on the protective performances of green PU coatings are collected and critically discussed.
Self‐Repairing Performance of Slippery Liquid Infused Porous Surfaces for Durable Anti‐Icing
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Xiang Huiying , Liu Guoyong , Wang Liang , Liu Huilin , Liao Ruijin
Published: February 2022

Icing accretion on aircraft surfaces has threatened the flight safety so far. Slippery liquid infused porous surface (SLIPS) is an emerging anti‐icing method. Many studies have found that SLIPS has self‐repairing phenomena. However, there is almost no systematic research on the number of self‐repairs in service, which determines the durability of anti‐icing. Herein, the self‐repairing performance of SLIPS is studied through icing‐repairing and abrasion‐repairing cycles. A stable and smooth lubricating layer of SLIPS is obtained by infiltrating a silanized porous surface with silicone oil, and the porous surface is constructed by anodization. The SLIPS exhibits low ice‐adhesion strength even after frosting and the ice accumulation on the SLIPS can slide off under gravity. The self‐repairing properties are evaluated under the condition that the ice‐adhesion strength does not exceed 100 kPa. The SLIPS can withstand ≈150 icing/deicing cycles via 5 times of 1 h self‐repair and 100 abrasion cycles via 4 times of 1 h self‐repair. The results show that the SLIPS has durable anti‐icing properties. Therefore, the prepared SLIPS are promising in the field of durable aircraft anti‐icing materials.
RuP Nanoparticles Supported on N, O Codoped Porous Hollow Carbon for Efficient Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Wang Changlai , Yang Yang , Chen Shi , Cheng Zhiyu , Huang Minxue , Tong Huigang , Chen Qianwang
Published: February 2022

Highly active and low‐cost anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts play a significant role in the large‐scale application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, a novel anodic HOR electrocatalyst with RuP nanoparticles loaded on N, O codoped porous hollow carbon (RuP/NOC) is prepared. The catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity toward HOR, achieving a kinetic mass activity of 3.25 mA µg–1PGM at 50 mV, 13 times higher than that of Ru/NOC and even superior to that of Pt/C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the transfer of electrons from ruthenium to phosphorus shifts down the d‐band center of Ru, weakening the hydroxyl binding energy and decreasing the reaction energy barrier for HOR, thus enhancing the catalytic activity of Ru.
Analysis of Light‐Enhanced Capacitance Dispersion in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hernández‐Balaguera Enrique , Romero Beatriz , Najafi Mehrdad , Galagan Yulia
Published: February 2022

Interface engineering has become one of the most important research strategies to harness the full potential of perovskite solar cells. Photovoltaic community seems to herald the imminent development of 30% efficient perovskite devices with competitive lifetimes, subject, among other aspects, to clarify “what happens under the interfaces.” One of the most powerful techniques to characterize the intermixing ionic‐electronic processes that take place at perovskite interfaces is the Impedance Spectroscopy. It is a real fact that this methodology reveals the characteristic phenomenology attributed to interfacial phenomena, in form of complex spectra that interfere with a proper identification of dominant mechanisms. This article presents approaches to characterizing the non‐ideal electrical properties associated with the appearance of an interfacial capacitance distribution, identifying major sources of intrinsic/extrinsic origin and so, providing further progress in the understanding of phenomenological mechanisms of photovoltaic perovskites. Importantly, the study addresses the evolution of dispersive capacitance's characteristic parameters with light intensity (and bulk thickness), obtaining a useful alternative way of determining the ideality factor and thus, the recombination of charge carriers. The results are discussed in light of critical importance exhibited by the interactions between ionic and electronic species, with the aim of advancing in device efficiency and stability.
Nasal Cavity Inspired Micro‐Nanostructured Cone Array Tube for Oil Recovery in Wastewater
Authors: Wang Bing , Dai Haoyu , Zhang Chunhui , Dong Zhichao , Li Kan , Jiang Lei
Published: February 2022

Wastewater containing oil and surfactant pollution causes health, environment, and resource issues. Surfactant‐stabilized emulsion separation is conventionally achieved by modified sponges, membranes and micro‐nanoparticles, still, with relevant limitations in low durability, high energy consumption, and discontinuity. Inspired by nasal cavity, a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic nanowires decorated cone array tube with penetrated pores is demonstrated for oil recovery in micron‐sized oil‐in‐water emulsions. The experimental results reveal that the separation efficiency can reach 99.84% and the oil recovery efficiency can achieve 92% at the same time. Oil droplets are captured by cones under the synergy of superwettability and gradient structure, and then transport driven by the force of Laplace pressure. The whole process of oil recovery in wastewater is continuous, durable, and versatile for different oil/surfactant contents. This work will effectively control wastewater pollution and facilitate oil resource recovery, and opens the possibility of phase separation in various applications, such as chip microfluidics, beverage refining, and drug screening.
Deep Understanding of Electron Beam Effects on 2D Layered Semiconducting Devices Under Bias Applications
Authors: Lee Kookjin , Ji Hyunjin , Kim Yanghee , Kaczer Ben , Lee Hyebin , Ahn Jae‐Pyoung , Choi Junhee , Grill Alexander , Panarella Luca , Smets Quentin , Verreck Devin , Van Beek Simon , Chasin Adrian , Linten Dimitri , Na Junhong , Lee Jae Woo , De Wolf Ingrid , Kim Gyu‐Tae
Published: February 2022

In this study, the radiation effects of electron beam (e‐beam) on field‐effect transistors (FETs) using transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMD) as a channel are carefully investigated. Electron‐hole pairs (EHPs) in SiO2 generated by e‐beam irradiation induce additional traps, which change the surface potential of the TMD channel, resulting in strong negative shifts of transfer characteristics. These negative shifts, which remind one of n‐doping effects, are highly affected not only by the condition of e‐beam irradiation, but also by the gate bias condition during irradiating. As a result of the e‐beam irradiation effect, band bending and contact resistance are affected, and the degree of formation of oxide traps and interface traps varies depending on the gate bias conditions. In the case of VG > 0 V application during e‐beam irradiation, the negative shifts in the transfer characteristics are fully recovered after ambient exposure. However, the interface traps increase significantly, resulting in variations of low‐frequency (LF) noise and time‐dependent current fluctuations.
Fast‐Charging Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries: A Review
Authors: Zhang Chang , Hu Qilin , Shen Yanran , Liu Wei
Published: February 2022

Nowadays solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) catch researchers’ attention and are considered as the most promising energy storage devices for their high energy density and safety. However, compared to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the low ionic conductivity in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and poor interface contact between SSEs and electrodes counteract some advantages of SSEs. As a result, SSLMBs show high energy density but low critical current density and slow charging speed. Herein, the recent progress and proposed strategies for fast‐charging SSLMBs are reviewed. In the second part of this review, various strategies for improving SSE performance in fast‐charging batteries are comprehensively highlighted. In the third part, various rational structure design schemes benefitting fast‐charging batteries are discussed. Finally, the development of fast‐charging SSLMBs is concluded and prospected. It is believed that the combination of fast‐charging times and SSLMBs is rather competitive for next‐generation, high energy density, high safety, and high charging rate energy storage devices.
Evaluation of Chilo suppressalis resistance and analysis of CRY1C expression in transgenic rice
Authors: Chen Zhongkai , Sun Yue , Wang Chunlei , Song Liyan , Li Bai , Qin Lu , Cai Yicong , Zhou Dahu , Ouyang Linjuan , Zhu Changlan , He Haohua , Peng Xiaosong
Published: February 2022

The insect resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly determined by the transcription of the CRY1C gene and the translation process of the Cry1C protein. With this in mind, we analyzed CRY1C expression and Cry1C protein content in a transgenic Bt insect‐resistant restorer line and its F1 hybrids, evaluated the resistance to Chilo suppressalis of various lines of rice, and determined the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of Cry1C for C. suppressalis. In four transgenic rice lines, the relative expression of CRY1C was highest at the heading stage in most tissues. Among different tissues from the same developmental stage, CRY1C expression was highest in leaves, followed by stems and panicles. The relative expression of CRY1C was higher in the parent restorer line than in the F1 hybrids. The LC50 of the Cry1C protein for C. suppressalis was 4.016 μg g−1, and the Cry1C protein expression level of transgenic insect‐resistant rice exceeded this threshold at the heading stages and in stems. We next analyzed the lethality of each strain toward C. suppressalis. After 48 h, the mortality rate of second‐instar C. suppressalis larvae feeding on transgenic stem tissue was higher at the heading stage than at the tiller stage and varied from 66.7 to 91.7%. By documenting the temporal and spatial expression of CRY1C and evaluating C. suppressalis resistance to Bt transgenic rice, the risk of pests and diseases during the rice production process can be greatly reduced.
From FAIR to FAIRS: Data security by design for the global burden of animal diseases
Authors: Stacey Deborah , Wulff Kenneth , Chikhalla Nidhip , Bernardo Theresa
Published: February 2022

Solving complex global problems involving data and data analysis can require data from both the public and private sectors. The sharing of data has traditionally been restricted to open data. To facilitate the use of both open and private data, a new data‐sharing framework has been constructed as an extension to the popular Findable‐Accessible‐Interoperable‐Reusable (FAIR) framework. The “Secure by Design” approach has been taken to define the FAIRS data‐sharing framework where S stands for Secure. A Cloud infrastructure architecture is proposed that would allow data brokers to implement FAIRS. This architecture is being constructed for the Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) to facilitate the sharing of livestock data.
Thermal conductivity of the ionic liquid [HMIm][Tf2N] with compressed carbon dioxide
Authors: Al‐Barghouti Karim S. , Scurto Aaron M.
Published: February 2022

The liquid thermal conductivity of the ionic liquid (IL), 1‐hexyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([HMIm][Tf2N]), saturated with compressed vapor and supercritical carbon dioxide was measured over three isotherms (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15 K) and pressures up to approximately 20 MPa using a transient hot‐wire technique. Pure [HMIm][Tf2N] thermal conductivity was also measured over a temperature range of 293.15–353.15 K at ambient pressure and with hydrostatic pressure to approximately 20 MPa. Literature vapor–liquid equilibrium data were used to predict the liquid CO2 composition at the conditions investigated. Initially, the liquid thermal conductivity slightly decreased with pressure/composition of CO2 followed by a gradual increase that is mainly attributed to hydrostatic pressure effects. Simple composition‐based mixing rules for mixture properties are not qualitatively nor quantitatively accurate. These data could be used to engineer heat transfer equipment required for a variety of proposed IL applications in CO2 capture, absorption refrigeration, biphasic CO2/IL reaction platforms, etc.
Photoinduced Controlled/Living Polymerizations
Authors: Aydogan Cansu , Yilmaz Gorkem , Shegiwal Ataulla , Haddleton David M. , Yagci Yusuf
Published: February 2022

The application of photochemistry in polymer synthesis is of interest due to the unique possibilities offered compared to thermochemistry, including topological and temporal control, rapid polymerization, sustainable low‐energy processes, and environmentally benign features leading to established and emerging applications in adhesives, coatings, adaptive manufacturing, etc. In particular, the utilization of photochemistry in controlled/living polymerizations often offers the capability for precise control over the macromolecular structure and chain length in addition to the associated advantages of photochemistry. Herein, the latest developments in photocontrolled living radical and cationic polymerizations and their combinations for application in polymer syntheses are discussed. This Review summarizes and highlights recent studies in the emerging area of photoinduced controlled/living polymerizations. A discussion of mechanistic details highlights differences as well as parallels between different systems for different polymerization methods and monomer applicability.
Macrocyclic Polyoxometalates: Selective Polyanion Binding and Ultrahigh Proton Conduction
Authors: Zhu Minghui , Iwano Tsukasa , Tan Mengjin , Akutsu Daiki , Uchida Sayaka , Chen Guanying , Fang Xikui
Published: February 2022

The rational development of an anion templation strategy for the construction of macrocycles has been historically limited to small anions, but large polyoxoanions can offer unmatched structural diversity and ample binding sites. Here we report the formation of a {Mo22Fe8} macrocycle by using the Preyssler anion, [NaP5W30O110]14− ({P5W30}), as a supramolecular template. The {Mo22Fe8} macrocycle displays selective anion binding behavior in solution. In the solid state, the 1 : 2 host–guest complex, {P5W30}2⊂{Mo22Fe8}, transports protons more effectively, through an extended hydrogen‐bonding network, than a related 1 : 1 complex where the guest is completely encapsulated. The results highlight the great potential this anion templation approach has in producing macrocyclic systems for selective anion recognition and proton conduction purposes.
Direkter Dehydrierender Zugang zu unsymmetrischen Phenonen
Authors: Yu Congjun , Huang Raolin , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: February 2022

Die erste nicht‐dirigierte dehydrierende Kupplungsmethode zur Herstellung von Phenonen über Toluole mit aromatischen C−H Bindungen wird hier mit großem Substratspektrum gezeigt. Diese Reaktion zeigt eine deutlich atom‐ und schritteffizientere Alternative zu klassischen Friedel–Crafts oder Suzuki–Miyaura inspirierten Acylierungsreaktionen. Die Methode kann auch im Gramm‐Maßstab ausgeführt werden und wurde erfolgreich für die Synthese verschiedener Ketoprofen Wirkstoffanaloga verwendet.
Prediction of the fiber diameter of melt electrospinning writing by kriging model
Authors: Xie Yu , Chen Jianxiong , Zhao Han , Huang Feng
Published: February 2022

Melt electrospinning writing (MEW) has proven its potential to direct‐write complex and multiscaled architectures and structures, which are widely used in the biomedical fields such as 3D printing of porous scaffolds. For the resolution of the microstructure is characterized by the diameter of the melt electrospun fiber, uniform spinning fiber with predictable diameter is of great significance for precise fabrication of the microstructure. In this paper, the Kriging model was introduced to explore the scaling laws of the fiber diameter to several processing parameters (including temperature, tip‐to‐collector distance, flow rate, and collector speed). The Latin hypercube sampling was adopted for experiment design. The prediction results of the Kriging model were cross‐validated with the response surface model to compare the prediction accuracy of the two methods. The root‐mean‐square error, maximum absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error of the Kriging model (0.49%, 0.73%, and 3.52%, respectively) are all lower than the response surface model (0.81%, 1.25%, and 4.74%, respectively), indicating that the prediction accuracy of the Kriging model is superior to the response surface model. The present paper provides a new idea for the modeling of the complex nonlinear system of MEW. Moreover, the implementation of the Kriging model minimizes the number of experimental trials required from 31 to 27, resulting in the reduction of the fabrication time and materials wastage.
New polyamides based on diacid with decanediamide and methylene groups and aromatic diamines
Authors: Diwate Arati V. , Tamboli Asiya M. , Ghodke Shivaji D. , Tamboli Aslam B. , Tamboli Mohaseen S. , Maldar Noormahamad N.
Published: February 2022

A new aromatic diacid, containing preformed diamide functional group, C8 alkylene moiety, and two methylene spacers, viz; N, N′‐bis(4′‐carboxy methylene phenyl) decane diamide (BCPDD) was designed and successfully synthesized. The structure of BCPDD was confirmed by FT‐IR, NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The corresponding series of new polyamides were prepared via reactions of diacid (BCPDD) and commercial aromatic diamines by Yamazaki's phosphorylative direct polycondensation method. Physical properties of these polyamides such as inherent viscosity, solubility in organic solvents, glass transition temperatures by DSC, thermal stability by TGA, and amorphous‐crystalline mature by XRD were studied. The incorporation of preformed amide, methylene spacers, and C8 alkylene moiety greatly affected polyamide properties such as solubility in common organic polar solvents, glass transition temperature, and thermal stability. These polyamides were mostly amorphous in nature and dissolved in polar aprotic solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N, N‐dimethylacetamide, N, N‐dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, m‐cresol, and pyridine. Inherent viscosities of these polyamides were in the range of 0.40–0.67dL/g; indicating the formation of moderate to high molecular weights. These polyamides exhibited good thermal stability having temperatures for 10% weight loss (T10) in the range of 404–578°C and the char yields at 800°C in the range of 35–65%. The glass transition temperatures; as determined by DSC were in the range of 204–235°C.
Epigenetic Regulation of Nutrient Transporters in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes
Authors: Torres Alyssa , Pedersen Brian , Cobo Isidoro , Ai Rizi , Coras Roxana , Murillo‐Saich Jessica , Nygaard Gyrid , Sanchez‐Lopez Elsa , Murphy Anne , Wang Wei , Firestein Gary S. , Guma Monica
Published: February 2022

Objective

Since previous studies indicate that metabolism is altered in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS), we undertook this study to determine if changes in the genome‐wide chromatin and DNA states in genes associated with nutrient transporters could help to identify activated metabolic pathways in RA FLS.

Methods

Data from a previous comprehensive epigenomic study in FLS were analyzed to identify differences in genome‐wide states and gene transcription between RA and osteoarthritis. We utilized the single nearest genes to regions of interest for pathway analyses. Homer promoter analysis was used to identify enriched motifs for transcription factors. The role of solute carrier transporters and glutamine metabolism dependence in RA FLS was determined by small interfacing RNA knockdown, functional assays, and incubation with CB‐839, a glutaminase inhibitor. We performed 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify metabolites.

Results

The unbiased pathway analysis demonstrated that solute carrier–mediated transmembrane transport was one pathway associated with differences in at least 4 genome‐wide states or gene transcription. Thirty‐four transporters of amino acids and other nutrients were associated with a change in at least 4 epigenetic marks. Functional assays revealed that solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4) was critical for invasion, and glutamine was sufficient as an alternate source of energy to glucose. Experiments with CB‐839 demonstrated decreased RA FLS invasion and proliferation. Finally, we found enrichment of motifs for c‐Myc in several nutrient transporters.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that changes in the epigenetic landscape of genes are related to nutrient transporters, and metabolic pathways can be used to identify RA‐specific targets, including critical solute carrier transporters, enzymes, and transcription factors, to develop novel therapeutic agents.
Safety and Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Other Cellular Therapeutics in Rheumatic Diseases in 2022: A Review of What We Know So Far
Authors: Gilkeson Gary S.
Published: February 2022

Although a number of new immunosuppressive agents and biologics have been approved for treating various autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases, there remains a substantial number of patients who have no clinical response or limited clinical response to these available treatments. Use of cellular therapies is a novel approach for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases, with perhaps enhanced efficacy and less toxicity than current therapies. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplants were the first foray into cellular therapies, with proven efficacy in scleroderma and multiple sclerosis. Newer, yet unproven, cellular therapies include allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells, which have been shown to be effective in graft‐versus‐host disease and in healing Crohn's fistulas. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells are effective in various malignancies, with possible application in rheumatic diseases, as shown in preclinical studies in murine lupus and recently in human lupus. Treg cells are one of the master controllers of the immune response and are decreased in number and/or effectiveness in specific autoimmune diseases. Expansion of autologous Treg cells is an attractive approach to controlling autoimmunity. There are a number of other regulatory cells in the immune system, including Breg cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and other T cell types, that are in early stages of development as treatments. In this review, the current evidence for the efficacy and mechanisms of actions of cellular therapies already in use or in clinical trials in human autoimmune diseases will be discussed, including the limitations of these therapies and potential side effects.
Organosulfur/Selenium‐Based Highly Fluorogenic Molecular Probes for Live‐Cell Nucleolus Imaging
Authors: Mondal Iswar Chandra , Galkin Maksym , Sharma Shubham , Murugan N. Arul , Yushchenko Dmytro A. , Girdhar Khyati , Karmakar Anirban , Mondal Prosenjit , Gaur Pankaj , Ghosh Subrata
Published: February 2022

We present fluorogenic cationic organo chalcogens that are highly selective to RNA. We have demonstrated that the conformational dynamics and subsequently the optical properties of these dyes can be controlled to facilitate efficient bioimaging. We report the application of organoselenium and organosulfur‐based cell‐permeable red‐emissive probes bearing a favorable cyclic sidearm for selective and high contrast imaging of cell nucleoli. The probes exhibit high quantum yield upon interacting with RNA in an aqueous solution. An in‐depth multiscale simulation study reveals that the prominent rotational freezing of the electron‐donating sidearm of the probes in the microenvironment of RNA helps in attaining more planar conformation when compared to DNA. It exerts a greater extent of intramolecular charge transfer and hence leads to enhanced fluorescence emission. A systematic structure‐interaction relationship study highlighted the impact of heavy‐chalcogens toward the improved emissive properties of the probes.
Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition Induced by Zinc‐Phytate Coating for Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Du Leilei , Hou Xu , Yang Xiaofei , Siozios Vassilios , Yan Bo , Ju Xiaokang , Paillard Elie , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Li Jie
Published: February 2022

Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) have been recognized as attractive energy storage devices because of their intrinsic superiorities, e. g., high safety, low material cost and environmental benignity. However, challenges such as dendrite formation on the surface of zinc (Zn) anode, poor reversibility of Zn plating/stripping and short circuit of the cell, having detrimental impact on cycle life and safety, hinder their further development. Herein, we design an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer for the Zn anode by coating it with a zinc‐phytate (ZP) layer via a facile acid‐etching approach. The symmetric cell with a modified Zn electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability and a low polarization voltage, since the ZP layer can guide uniform Zn deposition under the layer without dendrite formation and maintain a smooth interface between separator and electrode, which suggests Zn2+ transport properties of the coating layer. Moreover, comparing full cells, one employing a bare Zn anode (MnO2/carbon nanofibers (CNFs)||Zn), with the other with a modified Zn anode (MnO2/CNFs||ZP−Zn), the MnO2/CNFs||ZP−Zn cell delivers much better long‐term cycling stability (capacity retention after 1000 cycles of 130 mAh g−1 vs. 50 mAh g−1 at a specific current of 0.5 A g−1). The coating via acid etching method offers a new powerful technique for further development of practical AZBs.