bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modes de vie de lesbiennes brésiliennes immigrantes au Québec
Authors: de Santana Torres Igor Leonardo , Martins Fernandes Felipe Bruno
Published: February 2022

Cet article se penche sur le profil de trois femmes lesbiennes brésiliennes ayant émigré au Québec (Canada) et faisant partie d’un groupe de Brésiliennes et Brésiliens LGBT actif sur les réseaux sociaux. Notre étude exploratoire enquête sur divers aspects de leur vécu, tels que les raisons de leur migration, la façon dont elles organisent leur vie dans un pays théoriquement plus « ouvert à la diversité sexuelle » et leur évolution dans l’environnement LGBT. Nous avons opté pour une approche qualitative et ouverte, en menant des entrevues en profondeur, dont l’analyse fait émerger des pistes et questions de recherche à poursuivre. En valorisant les contributions orales de ces femmes ainsi que leurs productions analytiques, notre but est de favoriser un processus de visibilité et de constitution du sujet politique : celui qui peut être, qui peut faire partie et qui peut contribuer politiquement.
Jardines en un libro de horas: aspiración por el paraíso perdido / Gardens Depicted in a Book of Hours: Aspiration for Paradise Lost
Authors: Fallena Montano Rosa Denise
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT: In this study I propose that the floral motifs in the margins of the Newberry Library Book of Hours ms. 52, beyond their function as mere ornamental luxury, have a profound theological meaning related specifically to the Virgin and the history of redemption, and formed a metatext of meanings that alluded to the healing properties of plants and flowers. During the Low Middle Ages, through sensory experiences in the practices of prayer, the idea of paradise as an imagined place of communion, peace and health was evoked and reinforced.
KEYWORDSVirgin Mary; Books of Hours; Religious Art; Ornaments; Flowers.
RESUMEN: En este estudio propongo que los motivos vegetales en los márgenes del libro de horas de la Biblioteca Newberry ms. 52, además de funcionar como ornamentos de lujo y tener un profundo significado teológico especialmente relacionado con la Virgen y con la historia de la redención, formaban un meta texto de significados que aludía a las propiedades curativas de las plantas y flores. Durante la Baja Edad Media, por medio de experiencias sensoriales en las prácticas de oración se evocaba y reforzaba la idea del paraíso como un lugar imaginado de comunión, paz y perfecta salud.
PALABRAS CLAVESVirgen María; Libros de Horas; Arte religioso; Ornamentos; Flores.
El programa de las virtudes en la iglesia de San Isidoro de Úbeda / The Program of Virtues in Úbeda's San Isidoro Church
Authors: Gámez Salas José Miguel
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT: This study undertakes an iconographic study of the program of virtues that appears in the nave of the transept of the church of San Isidoro de Úbeda; designed by Alonso Barba in the last third of the 16th century and executed by Sebastián de Solís around 1593. For a proper analysis of the object of this research, I have gathered various literary sources that have allowed me to identify them; they include the ethical-political thought of Antiquity, from Plato to Aristotle, to Seneca or Plutarch; the texts of western Christianity such as the Epistles of Saint Paul; the humanism of Juan Luis Vives and of Erasmus of Rotterdam. Likewise, in this article I indicate the iconographic origin of each of the virtues, some of which arose in Carolingian times, and later received the figurative contributions of French and Italian art.
KEYWORDSMoral Allegory; Virtues; Iconography; Literary Sources; Church of San Isidoro; Úbeda.
RESUMEN: Nuestro trabajo pretende abordar un estudio iconográfico sobre el programa de virtudes que figura en la nave del crucero de la iglesia de San Isidoro de Úbeda; diseñada por Alonso Barba en el último tercio del siglo XVI y culminada por Sebastián de Solís hacia 1593. Para un correcto análisis del objeto de nuestra investigación, hemos recogido diversas fuentes literarias que nos han permitido identificarlas; partiendo del pensamiento ético-político de la Antigüedad, desde Platón a Aristóteles, hasta Séneca o Plutarco; los textos del cristianismo occidental mediante las Epístolas de San Pablo; sin olvidar el humanismo de Juan Luis Vives o Erasmo de Rotterdam. Asimismo, en el presente artículo señalaremos el origen iconográfico de cada una de las virtudes, surgidas algunas de ellas en tiempos carolingios, para posteriormente recibir las aportaciones figurativas del arte francés e italiano.
PALABRAS CLAVESAlegoría Moral; Virtudes; Iconografía; Iconología; Fuentes literarias; Iglesia de San Isidoro; Úbeda.
El programa iconográfico del palacio de Campo Real en Jerez de la Frontera. Interpretación y fuentes impresas / The Iconographic Program of the Campo Real Palace in Jerez de la Frontera. Printed sources and interpretation
Authors: Escobar Fernández Bruno , Romero Bejarano Manuel
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT: This study broaches the iconographic program of the Campo Real palace in Jerez de la Frontera (ca. 1535-1545). After a brief exposition of the life of Pedro de Benavente Cabeza de Vaca, who commissioned the palace, this study analyses the cultural context of the work, establishing Barthelemy Chasseneuz’s book Catalogus Gloriae Mundi (1529) as the main iconographic source of the program. This discovery allows us to reconstruct its now fragmentary iconographic attributes and to posit the main keys to discover its meaning. In addition, this study proposes the Humanist Bernardino de Riberol as the conceptual author of the program, and his Libro contra la ambición (1556) as an essential source to reconstruct the meaning of the program, which has been extensively analyzed by other authors.
KEYWORDSCampo Real Palace; Pedro de Benavente; Iconographic Program; Bernardino de Riberol.
RESUMEN: Este trabajo analiza el programa iconográfico del palacio de Campo Real de Jerez de la Frontera (ca. 1535-1545). Tras trazar un breve retrato de su comitente, Pedro de Benavente Cabeza de Vaca, abordamos el contexto cultural en que se fraguó la obra y señalamos por primera vez la fuente iconográfica empleada: el Catalogus Gloriae Mundi de Barthelemy Chasseneuz (1529). A través de este hallazgo nos aproximamos a los atributos originales –hoy fragmentarios– de la obra, y damos a conocer las claves generales de su significado. Así mismo, el humanista Bernardino de Riberol es propuesto como autor conceptual del conjunto y su Libro contra la ambición de 1556 como un recurso esencial para reconstruir el discurso del programa, al que numerosos autores se han aproximado.
PALABRAS CLAVESPalacio de Campo Real; Pedro de Benavente; Programa iconográfico; Bernardino de Riberol.
Los tipos iconográficos de la tradición cristiana, vol. 6. Los Demonios II. Bestiario, Música endiablada y Exorcismo.
Authors: Herraiz Llavador Andrés
Published: February 2022

Recensión de libro:Los tipos iconográficos de la tradición cristiana, vol. 6. Los Demonios II. Bestiario, Música endiablada y Exorcismo.
Cubierta
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: February 2022

Cubierta
How Differently Do Teachers and Schools Influence the Math Performance of Whites and Blacks?
Authors: Chang Mido , Kim Sunha , Bang Hyejin
Published: February 2022

This study examined the influences of teacher support and school environment on 10th graders’ mathematics achievements, controlling for socioeconomic status, gender, and mathematics self-efficacy, and the differential influences of these factors for White and Black students in
the USA. A sample of 8,682 White and 2,020 Black students who participated in the Educational Longitudinal Study were selected for the study. The results showed that Black students lagged behind their White peers on mathematics achievement, had lower socioeconomic status, and perceived the
school environment as more negative. Hierarchical Linear Modeling analysis showed that the achievement gap between Black and White students was lower when students perceived a higher level of negative behavior in school.
Character formulas in terms of R_{\beta} and R_{m} functions
Authors:   Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Chaudhary M. P. , Chaudhary Sangeeta ,   Jawaharlal Nehru University, Mazhouda Kamel ,   University of Monastir
Published: February 2022

The authors establish a set of fourteen character formulas in terms of R_{\beta} and R_{m} functions. Folsom [6] studied character formulas and Chaudhary [5] expressed those formulas in terms of continued fraction identities. Andrews et al. [2] introduced multivariate R-functions, which are further classified as R_{\alpha}, R_{\beta}, and R_{m} (for m = 1, 2, 3, …) functions by Srivastava et al. [10].
Nordic umlaut, contrastive features and stratal phonology
Authors: Schalin Johan
Published: February 2022

The data puzzle of Proto-Nordic rounding and front umlauts is addressed by positing an undominated markedness constraint that bans [±round] moraic stem-final segments. A related constraint restricts the assignment of [±round] in affixes. These constraints impact on how stem-final triggers spread features to target vowels, which proves a good predictor of the so far poorly understood distribution of umlaut in the lexicon. Since these constraints refer both to syllabification and to specification of contrastive features, the paper applies a tentative reconciliation of constraint-based Stratal Phonology with Contrastive Hier­archy Theory, which postulates universal organisation of emergent features in binary feature hier­archies. Stem-level segments are accordingly assumed to be stripped of redundant overspecification by stem-level constraints, while umlaut was enacted in word-level phonology.
Strategi Perancangan Digital Comic sebagai Media Edukasi Cerita Rakyat Jawa Timur bagi Remaja Usia 12-18 Tahun
Authors: Susanto Jonathan Indrawan Susanto , Sutanto Ryan Pratama
Published: February 2022

Cerita rakyat Jawa Timur merupakan bagian dari budaya bangsa yang kaya akan nilai, moral, norma, dan sejarah yang berguna bagi remaja di era sekarang. Di era kemajuan teknologi dan internet ini, cerita rakyat dapat menolong remaja mempertahankan identitas mereka sebagai bangsa Indonesia dalam masa pencarian identitas mereka. Kenyataannya sekarang, remaja di Surabaya dan sekitarnya kurang menyukai cerita rakyat karena cerita rakyat dinilai memiliki cerita dan penyajian yang kurang menarik. Strategi perancangan digital comic ini dibuat agar cerita rakyat dapat disajikan secara menarik bagi para remaja agar mereka bisa kembali tertarik untuk mengetahui cerita rakyat, secara khusus cerita rakyat Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif yang akan berfokus pada data tentang cerita rakyat, remaja Surabaya dan sekitarnya, media edukasi, dan digital comic.
Sustainable Fashion, Investasi pada Produk Fashion yang Berkualitas untuk Mengurangi Limbah Fashion yang Menumpuk
Authors: Qiddist Sayyida Shafira , Wardaya Marina
Published: February 2022

Setiap manusia memiliki kekhawatiran akan masa depan. Kekhawatiran tersebut diantaranya adalah tentang lingkungan yang meliputi limbah, efek rumah kaca, pencemaran, dan lainnya. Industri fashion mengambil peran cukup banyak dalam meningkatnya kerusakan lingkungan oleh limbah yang dihasilkan. Nyatanya kesadaran masyarakat dalam perilaku belanja cukup memegang peran penting sebagai awal untuk mengurangi limbah fashion. Kebiasaan membeli produk yang cepat rusak merupakan salah satu hal yang menyebabkan menumpuknya limbah fashion yang ada di dunia. Membeli produk fashion dengan kualitas yang baik akan mengurangi laju konsumsi sehingga dapat mengurangi limbah fashion yang ada. Hal tersebut merupakan langkah kecil untuk sustainable fashion. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada literatur ini adalah kajian pustaka, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan sumber literatur yang kuat untuk mendukung dan mencari kesimpulan akhir. Sumber yang digunakan merupakan jurnal nasional, jurnal internasional, dan juga buku. Hasil akhir penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perilaku belanja masyarakat cukup berpengaruh pada sedikit-banyaknya limbah yang dihasilkan dan juga berpengaruh pada laju konsumsi. Menanamkan kesadaran pada masyarakat untuk investasi dengan membeli prioduk berkualitas dapat membantu mengurangi limbah fashion yang semakin hari semakin meningkat.
The effects of the floral infection by a bacterial pathogen in a dioecious plant, Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Marre Maxime , Ushio Masayuki , Sakai Shoko
Published: February 2022

Among all the different organs of a plant, flowers might have one of the most dynamic microbial communities, since many microbes are transmitted during flowering by insects and pollen. However, little is known about how these microbes affect floral characteristics and plant reproduction. Among the microbes transmitted to flowers, pathogens may have highly negative effects on plants' fitness. In this study, we investigated whether a bacterial pathogen, Erwinia mallotivora, occurs on flowers of the host plant Mallotus japonicus, and whether the transmission of the pathogen to flowers can result in systemic infection and/or reduction of fruit production. The pathogen has been reported to infect through leaves, while its ecology on flowers is unknown. We first confirmed the presence of the pathogen on flowers, indicating possible transmission by visitors or pollen. Then, we showed that the bacteria can infect the plant through flowers by inoculating the pathogen to both male and female flowers. Interestingly, the symptoms on leaves appeared earlier on the female plants than on the males. Besides, the inoculation significantly decreased fruit set of the female plants. Our results suggest a higher cost of infection in a female than in a male once the pathogen infected flowers. Although the effects of pathogen infection to flowers have rarely investigated in wild plants, it would be an interesting topic for future study if such sexual differences in the infection cost can cause sexual conflict and intraspecific adaptation load.
Sustained immunotolerance in multiple sclerosis after stem cell transplant
Authors: Visweswaran Malini , Hendrawan Kevin , Massey Jennifer C. , Khoo Melissa L. , Ford Carole D. , Zaunders John J. , Withers Barbara , Sutton Ian J. , Ma David D. F. , Moore John J.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has the potential to induce sustained periods of disease remission in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by demyelination and axonal degeneration. However, the mechanisms associated with durable treatment responses in MS require further elucidation.

Methods

To characterise the longer term immune reconstitution effects of AHSCT at 24 and 36 months (M) post‐transplant, high‐dimensional immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 22 MS patients was performed using two custom‐designed 18‐colour flow cytometry panels.

Results

The higher baseline frequencies of specific pro‐inflammatory immune cells (T‐helper‐17 (Th17) cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cells and CNS‐homing T‐conventional (T‐conv) cells observed in MS patients were decreased post‐AHSCT by 36M. This was accompanied by a post‐AHSCT increase in frequencies and absolute counts of immunoregulatory CD56hi natural killer cells at 24M and terminally differentiated CD8+CD28−CD57+ cells until 36M. A sustained increase in the proportion of naïve B‐cells, with persistent depletion of memory B‐cells and plasmablasts was observed until 36M. Reconstitution of the B‐cell repertoire was accompanied by a reduction in the frequency of circulating T‐follicular helper cells (cTfh) expressing programmed cell death‐1 (PD1+) at 36M. Associations between frequency dynamics and clinical outcomes indicated only responder patients to exhibit a decrease in Th17, CNS‐homing T‐conv and PD1+ cTfh pro‐inflammatory subsets at 36M, and an increase in CD39+ T‐regulatory cells at 24M.

Interpretation

AHSCT induces substantial recalibration of pro‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory components of the immune system of MS patients for up to 36M post‐transplant.
The Efficient Regeneration of Corneal Nerves via Tunable Transmembrane Signaling Channels Using a Transparent Graphene‐Based Corneal Stimulation Electrode
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Lin Mimi , Lu Weicong , Huang Pingping , Zheng Yaru , Zhang Xincheng , Yan Lu , Wang Wei , Lawson Tom , Shi Bingyang , Chen Shihao , Liu Yong
Published: February 2022

The efficient regeneration of corneal nerves is of limited success in the field of ophthalmology. This work reports the use of a non‐invasive electrical stimulation technique that uses a transparent graphene‐based corneal stimulation electrode and that can achieve efficient regeneration of corneal nerves. The corneal stimulation electrode is prepared using electroactive nitrogen‐containing conducting polymers such as polyaniline functionalized graphene (PAG). This composite can carry a high capacitive current. It can be used to tune transmembrane signaling pathways including calcium channels and the MAPK signaling pathway. Tuning can lead to the efficient regeneration of corneal damaged nerves after the surgery of laser in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The composite and its application reported have the potential to provide a new way to treat nerve‐related injuries.
Dynamically Tunable Dry Adhesion through a Subsurface Thin Layer with Tunable Stiffness
Authors: Mohammadi Nasab Amir , Stampfli Patrick , Sharifi Siavash , Luo Aoyi , Turner Kevin T. , Shan Wanliang
Published: February 2022

Recently, a novel concept to realize dynamically tunable dry adhesion via subsurface stiffness modulation (SSM) in a composite core–shell structure has been introduced and demonstrated for gripping and release of objects. Here, a variant form of the composite core–shell design is proposed to significantly improve the performance of dynamically tunable dry adhesion in terms of activation time and activation voltage. Specifically, composite pillars with an embedded microfluidic channel filled with a low melting point alloy (LMPA) are fabricated, and the adhesion of the pillars is characterized as a function of LMPA state: either melted or solid. The effects of the thickness and in‐plane pattern of the LMPA channel, as well as the depth at which it is embedded on tunable adhesion are investigated. Experiments show that the effective adhesion strength can be reduced up to 50%, equivalent to a 2× change in dry adhesion when the LMPA is melted. Finite element analysis of the stress distribution change under SSM shows that the experimentally observed tunable adhesion is primarily due to stiffness change close to the interface. In addition, two technology demonstrations of composite pillars picking and releasing objects with fast activation (≈1 s) and low activation voltages (≈1 V) are included.
A Valence Gradient Protective Layer for Dendrite‐Free and Highly Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Guan Shundong , Liu Sijie , Hu Bingkun , Xue Chuanjiao , Wu Xinbin , Wen Kaihua , Nan Ce‐Wen , Li Liangliang
Published: February 2022

Li metal is the next‐generation anode material for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries. Unfortunately, its practical application is hampered by drawbacks such as an unstable solid electrolyte interphase and undesirable Li dendrites. Herein, an Fe‐based protective layer with a valence gradient is constructed on Li anodes, which consists of an Fe3+/Fe2+‐rich outer layer and an Fe0‐containing inner layer. The protective layer not only isolates the underlying Li metal from the corrosive carbonate electrolyte, but also uniformly stores Li during plating and inhibits the growth of Li dendrites. The Li anode with the Fe‐based protective layer shows dendrite‐free Li plating/stripping behaviors; therefore, Li symmetric cells stably run for 1000 h at 1 mA cm‐2 and 1 mA h cm‐2 and even survive for 380 h at an ultra‐high capacity of 30 mA h cm‐2. With such a highly stable Li anode, LiFePO4 cells operate steadily for 1600 and 1000 cycles at 1 and 5 C, respectively. High‐loading LiCoO2 cells also present excellent cycling stability and rate capability, proving the advantages of the protective layer in Li anode protection.
Characterizing the Geometry and Quantifying the Impact of Nanoscopic Electrocatalyst/Semiconductor Interfaces under Solar Water Splitting Conditions
Authors: Hemmerling John R. , Mathur Aarti , Linic Suljo
Published: February 2022

The materials that are receiving the most attention in photoelectrochemical water splitting are metallic nanoparticle electrocatalysts (np‐EC) attached to the surface of a semiconductor (SC) light absorber. In these multicomponent systems, the interface between the semiconductor and electrocatalysts critically affects performance. However, the np‐EC/SC interface remains poorly understood as it is complex on atomic scales, dynamic under reaction conditions, and inaccessible to direct experimental probes. This contribution sheds light on how the electrocatalyst/semiconductor interface evolves under reaction conditions by investigating the behavior of nickel electrocatalysts (as nanoparticles and films) deposited on silicon semiconductors. Rigorous electrochemical experiments, interfacial atomistic characterization, and computational modeling are combined to demonstrate critical links between the atomistic features of the interface and the overall performance. It is shown that electrolyte‐induced atomistic changes to the interface lead to (1) modulation of the charge carrier fluxes and a dramatic decrease in the electron/hole recombination rates and (2) a change in the barrier height of the interface. Furthermore, the critical roles of nonidealities and electrocatalyst coverage due to interfacial geometry are explored. Each of these factors must be considered to optimize the design of metal/semiconductor interfaces which are broadly applicable to photoelectrocatalysis and photovoltaic research.
Abnormal ear development in corn: A field survey
Authors: Ortez Osler A. , McMechan Anthony J. , Hoegemeyer Thomas , Rees Jennifer , Jackson‐Ziems Tamra , Elmore Roger W.
Published: February 2022

In July of 2016, abnormal ear development in corn (Zea mays L.) (barbell‐ears, multiple ears per node herein termed as multi‐ears, and short‐husks) was reported in several cornfields that extended from the Texas Panhandle to eastern Colorado and East through Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. Field surveys were conducted to study these ear abnormalities. Affected and unaffected plants were sampled from 15 farmer fields located in central and eastern Nebraska. Each plant was evaluated for ear type, ear placement, internode length, and grain yield. Along with plant evaluations, management practices and weather information were collected from the surveyed fields. Of the 15 surveyed fields, nine were grouped as affected (more than 10% abnormalities), and six were grouped as checks (<10% abnormalities). Affected fields averaged 26% of abnormalities, whereas check fields averaged only 4%. Ear abnormalities occurred on ears that seemed to be placed lower on plants relative to normal ears. Plants with abnormal ears had yield reductions between 35 and 91%, compared to plants with normal ears. Findings suggested that ear abnormalities may be a cumulative result from the classic genetic (hybrid‐specific), environmental (stress factors), and management interactions. The study of underlying causes for abnormal ear development in corn is imperative for understanding the likelihood of future events occurring and providing critical information to potentially manage and mitigate these issues.
The vital need for action against the social determinants of frailty
Authors: Daly Timothy
Published: February 2022

Dementia outcomes will increasingly reflect inequalities unless vital action is taken against the social determinants of frailty.
Review on recent trends and prospects in π‐conjugated luminescent aggregates for biomedical applications
Authors: Barman Debasish , Narang Kavita , Parui Retwik , Zehra Nehal , Khatun Mst Nasima , Adil Laxmi Raman , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: February 2022

Metal‐free organic molecules with structurally diverse aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior and new functional photophysical properties reveal unique structure–property relationships, especially bright luminescence, and have attracted extensive attention in the past few decades. Despite tremendous progress on fluorescent molecules development, the extended π‐conjugated organic AIE probes with their nanorange self‐assembly, coassembly, unique morphology, high biocompatibility, and light‐harvesting capabilities enable them as potential candidates in numerous translational application perspectives. In particular, a few important classes of AIE light up small molecules, supramolecules, oligomers, polymers, including nanoparticles and photosensitizer molecules, with their emerging properties of thermally activated delayed fluorescence, room temperature phosphorescence, including emission switching stimuli‐responsive behavior and multifunctional properties, have been boosted by the rare features of aggregation at their condensed or solid states. This review highlights salient features of AIE‐based emitters, encompassing molecular design strategies, stimulating photophysical properties, mechanistic aspects, and their efficacy in various electronic and biomedical applications, broadly covering properties of small molecules to oligomers, macromolecules to polymers.
Early and Middle Pleistocene hominins from Atapuerca (Spain) show differences in dental developmental patterns
Authors: Modesto‐Mata Mario , García‐González Rebeca , Quintino Yuliet , García‐Campos Cecilia , de Pinillos Marina Martínez , Martín‐Francés Laura , Martinón‐Torres María , Heuzé Yann , Carbonell Eudald , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Dean M. Christopher , Bermúdez de Castro José María
Published: February 2022

The Bayesian statistical approach considers teeth as forming a developmental module, as opposed to a tooth‐by‐tooth analysis. This approach has been employed to analyze Upper Pleistocene hominins, including Neandertals and some anatomically modern humans, but never earlier populations. Here, we show its application on five hominins from the TD6.2 level of the Gran Dolina site (Homo antecessor, Early Pleistocene) and the Sima de los Huesos site (Middle Pleistocene) of the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, northern Spain). Our results show an advanced development of the third molars in both populations with respect to modern Homo sapiens. In addition, the Sima de los Huesos hominins differ from H. sapiens and H. antecessor in the relatively advanced development of their second molar. The relative mineralization of I1/M1 in H. antecessor appears to be similar to that of modern humans, as opposed to that of Neandertals, which appear to be unique. These observations, combined with reduced enamel formation times and the advanced development of the third molars, appear to indicate a shorter ontogenetic period in the hominins from Gran Dolina and Sima de los Huesos in comparison to modern human average.
Entanglement and Entropic Uncertainty of Two Two‐Level Atoms
Authors: Zidan Nour , Bakry Haytham , Rahman Atta Ur
Published: February 2022

In a system of two two‐level atoms with a cavity field, the dynamics of entropic uncertainty relations, nonlocality, entanglement, and the degree of mixedness are investigated. In addition to the dynamical map, the interaction between two two‐level systems and the Fock state cavity field, the effects of various parameters, such as temperature dependence, Ising interaction, and dipole–dipole interaction are discussed. It is shown that Ising and dipole–dipole interactions promote entanglement and nonlocal correlations while lowering mixedness and entropy. In order to maintain optimal entanglement and nonlocal correlations, numerical values for improving the current cavity fields are also proposed. The cavity field exhibits both Markovian and non‐Markovian behavior, depending on the type of interaction.
Effect of morphology development on the low‐temperature tensile properties ofPP/POEblends
Authors: Wang Kairui , Chen Lei , Gao Yun , Jiang Dengchao , Quan Yiwu , Yan Shanzhi
Published: February 2022

The application of polypropylene (PP) is greatly restricted by its poor low‐temperature tensile properties. In this work, a polypropylene random copolymer (rPP) and polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer graft copolymer (gPP) were used to improve the toughening effect of polyolefin elastomer (POE) on PP. The influences of this addition on the phase morphology, crystallization, and rheological and mechanical properties were investigated. The results revealed thatrPP both reduced the size of PP spherulites and improved the interfacial cohesion of the PP/POE blend, which endowed the material with greater tensile properties and melt flow rate. The elongation at break of PP/POE/rPP at 23, 0, −20, and −40°C was 400%, 221%, 205%, and 106%, respectively. These represented increases of more than 200% compared with those of PP/POE. The tensile strengths of PP/POE/rPP were 15.0, 19.1, 21.5, and 27.4 MPa at 23, 0, −20, and −40°C, respectively, which were comparable to those of PP/POE. Finally, the effects of the injection molding process parameters on the mechanical properties and phase morphology ofrPP‐modified PP/POE blends were studied.
SGK1 mutation status can further stratify patients with germinal center B‐cell‐like diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma into different prognostic subgroups
Authors: Guo Baoping , Huang Yujie , Duan Ying , Liao Chengcheng , Cen Hong
Published: February 2022

There are over a 100 driver gene mutations in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but their clinical significance remains unclear. Here, we first analyzed the DLBCL dataset from the UK‐based Haematological Malignancy Research Network. Patients were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups based on whether lymphoma progressed within 24 months. Genes showing significantly different frequencies between groups were selected. Survival data for patients with the selected mutant genes were analyzed. The results were validated using two other large databases to evaluate the relationship between the selected mutant genes and prognosis. The mutation frequencies of 11 genes (MYD88[L265P], SGK1, MPEG1, TP53, SPEN, NOTCH1, ETV6, TNFRSF14, MGA, CIITA, and PIM1) significantly differed between the high‐ and low‐risk groups. The relationships between these mutant genes and patient survival were analyzed. Patients who harbored SGK1 (serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1) mutations exhibited the best prognosis. Most patients with SGK1 mutation are germinal center B‐cell (GCB) subtype. Among patients with GCB DLBCL, those harboring SGK1 mutations exhibited better prognosis than those without SGK1 mutations. Most SGK1 mutations were single‐base substitutions, primarily scattered throughout the catalytic domain‐encoding region. Multiple SGK1 mutations were identified in a single patient. Thus, SGK1 mutations are a marker of good prognosis for DLBCL and occur predominantly in the GCB subtype of DLBCL. SGK1 mutation status can further stratify patients with GCB DLBCL into different prognostic subgroups.
Gespräch über Alchemie im Homeoffice
Authors: Roth Klaus
Published: February 2022

Dr. Alexander Kraft (Abbildung 1) brachte in den letzten Jahren Licht in die Entdeckungsgeschichte des Berliner Blaus. Eine Forschung, die aufregender ist, als man einem alten Farbpigment auf den ersten Blick zutraut.
Molnupiravir: Mutagenität wirkt virostatisch
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette
Published: February 2022

Molnupiravir, Prodrug des Nucleotid‐Analogs β‐D‐N4‐Hydroxycytidin‐5'‐triphosphat, zeigt Breitbandwirkung gegen zahlreiche RNA‐Viren. Das Nucleotid‐Analog wird als Fehlsubstrat in virale RNA eingebaut, seine Wirkung als Mutagen hebt sich ab von der gebräuchlicher Virostatika, die Kettenabbruch auslösen. Strukturuntersuchungen an einer viralen RNA‐abhängigen RNA‐Polymerase im Komplex mit ihrem Substrat bestätigen das bislang hypothetische Modell der molekularen Wirkung.
Influence of probability distribution initialization methods on the performance of advanced arithmetic optimization algorithm with application to unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem
Authors: Agushaka Jeffrey O. , Ezugwu Absalom E.
Published: February 2022

The article investigates the influence of several initialization methods on the performance of the newly proposed advanced arithmetic optimization algorithm, also known as the nAOA. The initialization conditions considered include population sizes, diversity of the population, and the number of iterations. We used 23 different probability distributions with different diversity to test the influence of initialization schemes on the convergence and accuracy of the nAOA. The benchmark classical test functions and the functions defined in the CEC 2020 suite having different properties and modalities were used to compare the possible effects of the initialization methods. The numerical results showed that the nAOA is sensitive to population size and the number of iterations, which must be large for optimal performance. Friedman's and correlation tests were used to gain useful insight into the results we obtained. Findings showed that the performance of the nAOA is not particularly sensitive to the different initialization schemes used for most test functions. The implication is that nAOA is relatively stable and robust. However, the variant of beta distribution, b(3,2), recorded the lowest mean rank for most functions. Hence, it is the best performing initialization distribution scheme for the test problems considered. We can also observe from the experimental results that 47.83% and 100% of the classical and CEC2020 test functions used in this article show significant differences for different initialization methods, respectively. We also investigated the applicability of the nAOA to solve the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with sequence‐dependent setup times by using the best‐identified set of initialization methods. The performance of the nAOA is evaluated by comparing its solution to seven other well‐known metaheuristic algorithms, and the results reveal that the nAOA can provide promising results in solving all problem instances of the problem under study using the best initialization schemes.
The profiling and analysis of gene expression in human periodontal ligament tissue and fibroblasts
Authors: Hosiriluck Nattakarn , Kashio Haruna , Takada Ayuko , Mizuguchi Itaru , Arakawa Toshiya
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an important component of periodontium to support dental structure in the alveolar socket. Regeneration of PDL tissue is an effective treatment option for periodontal disease and the profiling of genes involved in this process will be informative. Therefore, our study aims to accurately delineate the profiling of gene expression for PDL tissue regeneration.

Materials and Methods

We isolated PDL tissues and PDL fibroblasts (PDLFs) from premolar teeth, which were extracted from healthy periodontal status patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in PDL tissue and PDLFs were analyzed using Cap analysis gene expression, which is a second‐generation sequencing technique to create profiling. We also determined the protein expression using Western blot.

Results

Collagens (type I, III, and VI), noncollagenous proteins (periostin and osteonectin), and proteoglycans (asporin, lumican, decorin, and osteomodulin) were highly expressed in PDL tissue. Integrin, β1 was also expressed in PDL tissue. On comparison of gene expression between PDL tissue and PDLFs, four PDL marker genes, osteopontin, asporin, periostin, and osteonectin, were decreased in PDLFs. The genes for gene regulation were also highly expressed.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the overall profiling of mRNA expression in PDL tissue and analyzed the important genes which may be useful for providing specific information for the reconstruction of PDL. We also identified the difference in gene expression between PDL tissue and PDLFs which might provide insights towards PDL regeneration.
Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization with Cuckoo Search‐based optimal channel estimation for energy efficient massive multiple input multiple output
Authors: Indumathi G. , Nisha Rani S.
Published: February 2022

The massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) provides reliable base station (BS) for the mobile users (MUs) with CSI (channel state information) and jointly offers spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). Conversely, because of the existence of multiple transceivers at both the transmitter and receiver side, the channel estimation (CE) issue is increasingly complex and expensive in terms of hardware and energy utilization. Hence, we have proposed an effective Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization with Cuckoo Search (GWO‐CS) based optimal channel estimation for developing energy efficient mMIMO. The proposed GWO‐CS selects the optimal channel by jointly optimizing the spectral efficiency and reduces the SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio). Experimental analysis of the performance of the proposed approach is carried out using existing approaches. The results obtained show that, the EE of the proposed GWO‐CS based CE provides 15–37 Mbits for varying quantization bits, 22.5–25 Mbits for different user equipment (UE) ranges and 7–24 Mbits for various SE. However, the existing approaches fail to provide such EE and this proves the efficiency of proposed approach.
Myocarditis following rAd26 and rAd5 vector‐based COVID‐19 vaccine: case report
Authors: Naghashzadeh Farah , Shafaghi Shadi , Dorudinia Atosa , Naji Seyed Alireza , Marjani Majid , Amin Ahmad , Mohamadifar Arezoo , Noorali Sima , Kashani Babak Sharif
Published: February 2022

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines provide a safe solution with a major impact on reducing the spread of the virus and mild side effects. Research has shown rare cases of myocarditis after mRNA vaccines. This study presents a 29‐year‐old male with chest pain after 48 h of receiving rAd26 and rAd5 vector‐based COVID‐19 vaccine (Sputnik V vaccine). The electrocardiogram revealed ST‐segment elevation. Also, the laboratory screening was remarkable for elevated cardiac Troponin‐I level, and leukocytosis; and echocardiography depicted severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Overall, endomyocardial biopsy proved lymphocytic myocarditis such that the patient was successfully treated with immunosuppressive and guideline‐directed medical treatment.
Malicious behavior detection in cloud using self‐optimized dynamic kernel convolutional neural network
Authors: Alajlan Abrar Mohammed , Almasri Marwah Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Cloud computing is one example of a technological revolution that has drastically altered the way traditional commercial operations are conducted. Because cloud platforms are fundamentally revolutionizing the area of computing, they must provide safe transmission and storage of user data by assuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data. As a result, establishing a secure cloud computing framework is crucial, and security cannot only rely on the user's credentials being verified. To overcome this problem, this article presents a multi‐population genetic algorithm optimized dynamic kernel convolutional neural network to analyze the user's behavior to identify their malicious intent. This article describes a two‐stage malicious detection and prediction scheme. The proposed system's efficiency is measured by its ability to discriminate between nine different types of attacks in the UNSW‐NB15 dataset (abnormal behavior exhibited by users). The average true positive rate, false positive rate, precision, and F‐measure for the nine attack classes were 99.22%, 99.11%, 99.11%, and 99.22%, respectively, when evaluated using the UNSW‐NB15 dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that this technique is effective in detecting malicious behaviors in the cloud environment with higher accuracy.
Effects of ayahuasca on the endocannabinoid system of healthy volunteers and in volunteers with social anxiety disorder: Results from two pilot, proof‐of‐concept, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: dos Santos Rafael G. , Rocha Juliana Mendes , Rossi Giordano Novak , Osório Flávia L. , Ona Genís , Bouso José Carlos , Silveira Gabriela de Oliveira , Yonamine Mauricio , Marchioni Camila , Crevelin Eduardo José , Queiroz Maria Eugênia , Crippa José Alexandre , Hallak Jaime E. C.
Published: February 2022

Objective

To assess endocannabinoid (anandamide, AEA; 2‐arachidonoylglycerol, 2‐AG) plasma levels in healthy volunteers and in volunteers with social anxiety disorder (SAD) after a single oral dose of ayahuasca or placebo.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of endocannabinoid plasma levels (baseline, 90 and 240 min after drug intake) from two parallel‐group, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials. In Study 1, 20 healthy volunteers ingested ayahuasca (average 1.58 mg/ml dimethyltryptamine (DMT)) or placebo, and in Study 2, 17 volunteers with SAD received ayahuasca (average 0.680 mg/ml DMT) or placebo.

Results

A significant difference was observed in AEA concentrations in Study 2 after ayahuasca intake (Χ2(2) = 6.5, p = 0.03, Friedman test), and near significant differences (increases) were observed between baseline and 90 (Z = 0, p = 0.06, Wilcoxon test) and 240 (Z = 10, p = 0.06) minutes after ayahuasca intake.

Conclusions

Although our findings suggest that ayahuasca could modulate AEA levels in SAD patients, the high interindividual variability in both trials and the small samples preclude definitive conclusions. More research with larger samples is needed to better understand the effects of ayahuasca and other hallucinogens in the endocannabinoid system.
Flow and wake characteristics associated with riparian vegetation patches: Results from field‐scale experiments
Authors: Caroppi Gerardo , Västilä Kaisa , Järvelä Juha , Lee Chanjoo , Ji Un , Kim Hyung Suk , Kim Sungjung
Published: February 2022

Riparian vegetation patches growing on river banks and floodplains influence in‐channel and overbank hydromorphological processes. The current knowledge on patch‐scale hydrodynamics is largely based on laboratory flume experiments with simplified vegetation. The aim of this study is to provide new understanding of the flow and wake characteristics for real riparian vegetation patches based on field‐scale experiments with natural willows, in order to inform hydromorphological and ecological modelling. The focus was placed on the effects of foliage as the main driver of the seasonal changes in vegetation and on the influence of the flexibility‐induced reconfiguration on the flow in the wake and around the patches. The patch drag, defined by its flow blockage factor, was increased by 3.0–4.4 times by the presence of foliage and decreased by up to 60% because of the streamlining and reconfiguration of foliage with increasing flow velocity. Such large changes in the patch drag altered the flow and wake characteristics, affecting the onset of a patch‐scale vortex street. Seasonality and flexibility modified the patch sheltering effect, that is, the magnitude of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and bed shear stress reduction in the wake, relative to the background level. In the presence of foliage, mean flow velocity and bed shear stress in the wake were reduced on average by ~50% and ~70%, respectively. The sheltering effect was lower for the leafless conditions than for the foliated conditions. For the foliated cases, the spatial extents of the over‐depth and the near‐bed sheltered region were on average 1.5 and 1.8 times larger than in the corresponding leafless cases, respectively. Overall, seasonal changes in vegetation and flexibility‐induced mechanisms were identified as key controls for the flow associated with patches of riparian vegetation, with major implications on developing models for predicting hydromorphological processes and the potential to preserve and create habitats.
Optimal operational instructions for on‐request delivery using hybrid genetic algorithm and artificial neural network, considering unsteady flow
Authors: Savari Hajar , Monem Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2022

Flexible on‐request (arranged) water delivery is applicable in existing canals that operate manually. A challenge facing this method is the diversity and multiplicity of requests across the network, making planning for water distribution very difficult and time‐consuming. Therefore, we need a suitable tool to derive the proper operation of structures quickly to improve network performance compared to rotational delivery. This study uses intelligent optimization methods to prepare on‐request operational instructions of irrigation canals under unsteady flow conditions. A meta‐model was developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the first reach of the Aghili canal for simulating unsteady flow in canals to speed up the process. The meta‐model was combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) to determine optimal operational instructions. The error rate of the ANN model was smaller than 2.5%, indicating excellent performance of the developed model. Two scenarios of 3‐ and 6‐h delivery were defined to compare the optimal operation of the ANN‐GA model with conventional operation. For both scenarios, the percentage of improvement was remarkable, and on average, it was above 50%. The utility of the developed model for shorter deliveries is significant. Moreover, the model can be generalized to other reaches.
Dysregulated transient receptor potential channel 1 expression and its correlation with clinical features and survival profile in surgical non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Ke Changjiang , Long Shenghua
Published: February 2022

Background

Transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) facilitates the tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance in a series of neoplasms, while its correlation with clinical features and survival profile in NSCLC patients remains elusive. Hence, this study aimed to explore this topic.

Methods

Totally, 192 NSCLC patients were enrolled. Protein and mRNA expression of TRPC1 in carcinoma tissue and para‐carcinoma tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assay, respectively.

Results

Immunohistochemistry score and mRNA expression of TRPC1 were higher in carcinoma tissue compared with para‐carcinoma tissue (both p < 0.001). Besides, increased TRPC1 IHC score (p = 0.004) and elevated TRPC1 mRNA overexpression (p = 0.016) were linked with occurrence of LYN metastasis; meanwhile, increased TRPC1 IHC score (p = 0.015) and raised TRPC1 mRNA expression (p = 0.009) were also linked with advanced TNM stage, whereas TRPC1 IHC score and TRPC1 mRNA expression were not correlated with other clinical features (all p > 0.05). Additionally, TRPC1 protein high (p = 0.007) and TRPC1 mRNA high (p = 0.015) were correlated with poor disease‐free survival (DFS) but not correlated with overall survival (OS). Moreover, multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis showed that high TRPC1 protein expression (p = 0.046) and advanced TNM stage (p < 0.001) were independently correlated with poor DFS. However, TRPC1 protein and mRNA expression were not linked with OS (both p > 0.05), while poor differentiation (p = 0.003) and advanced TNM stage (p < 0.001) were independently associated with worse OS.

Conclusions

TRPC1 is unregulated in NSCLC tissue with its overexpression relating to the occurrence of LYN metastasis and worse DFS in NSCLC patients.