bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resting pastures to improve land condition in northern Australia: guidelines based on the literature and simulation modelling
Authors: Scanlan Joe C. , McIvor John G. , Bray Steven G. , Cowley Robyn A. , Hunt Leigh P. , Pahl Lester I. , MacLeod Neil D. , Whish Giselle L.
Published: October 2014

Pasture rest is a possible strategy for improving land condition in the extensive grazing lands of northern Australia. If pastures currently in poor condition could be improved, then overall animal productivity and the sustainability of grazing could be increased. The scientific literature is examined to assess the strength of the experimental information to support and guide the use of pasture rest, and simulation modelling is undertaken to extend this information to a broader range of resting practices, growing conditions and initial pasture condition. From this, guidelines are developed that can be applied in the management of northern Australia’s grazing lands and also serve as hypotheses for further field experiments. The literature on pasture rest is diverse but there is a paucity of data from much of northern Australia as most experiments have been conducted in southern and central parts of Queensland. Despite this, the limited experimental information and the results from modelling were used to formulate the following guidelines. Rest during the growing season gives the most rapid improvement in the proportion of perennial grasses in pastures; rest during the dormant winter period is ineffective in increasing perennial grasses in a pasture but may have other benefits. Appropriate stocking rates are essential to gain the greatest benefit from rest: if stocking rates are too high, then pasture rest will not lead to improvement; if stocking rates are low, pastures will tend to improve without rest. The lower the initial percentage of perennial grasses, the more frequent the rests should be to give a major improvement within a reasonable management timeframe. Conditions during the growing season also have an impact on responses with the greatest improvement likely to be in years of good growing conditions. The duration and frequency of rest periods can be combined into a single value expressed as the proportion of time during which resting occurs; when this is done the modelling suggests the greater the proportion of time that a pasture is rested, the greater is the improvement but this needs to be tested experimentally. These guidelines should assist land managers to use pasture resting but the challenge remains to integrate pasture rest with other pasture and animal management practices at the whole-property scale.
Time‐Domain Analysis of Heart Sound Intensity in Children with and without Pulmonary Artery Hypertension: A Pilot Study using a Digital Stethoscope
Authors: Elgendi Mohamed , Bobhate Prashant , Jain Shreepal , Rutledge Jennifer , Coe James Y. , Zemp Roger , Schuurmans Dale , Adatia Ian
Published: October 2014

We studied digital stethoscope recordings in children undergoing simultaneous catheterization of the pulmonary artery (PA) to determine whether time‐domain analysis of heart sound intensity would aid in the diagnosis of PA hypertension (PAH). Heart sounds were recorded and stored in. wav mono audio format. We performed recordings for 20 seconds with sampling frequencies of 4,000 Hz at the second left intercostal space and the cardiac apex. We used programs written in the MATLAB 2010b environment to analyze signals. We annotated events representing the first (S1) and second (S2) heart sounds and the aortic (A2) and pulmonary (P2) components of S2. We calculated the intensity (I) of the extracted event area (x) as , where n is the total number of heart sound samples in the extracted event and k is A2, P2, S1, or S2. We defined PAH as mean PA pressure (mPAp) of at least 25 mmHg with PA wedge pressure of less than 15 mmHg. We studied 22 subjects (median age: 6 years [range: 0.25–19 years], 13 female), 11 with PAH (median mPAp: 55 mmHg [range: 25–97 mmHg]) and 11 without PAH (median mPAp: 15 mmHg [range: 8–24 mmHg]). The P2 ? A2 (P =. 0001) and P2 ? S2 (P =. 0001) intensity ratios were significantly different between subjects with and those without PAH. There was a linear correlation (r > 0.7) between the P2 ? S2 and P2 ? A2 intensity ratios and mPAp. We found that the P2 ? A2 and P2 ? S2 intensity ratios discriminated between children with and those without PAH. These findings may be useful for developing an acoustic device to diagnose PAH.
minimac2: faster genotype imputation
Authors: Fuchsberger Christian , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Hinds David A.
Published: October 2014

Summary: Genotype imputation is a key step in the analysis of genome-wide association studies. Upcoming very large reference panels, such as those from The 1000 Genomes Project and the Haplotype Consortium, will improve imputation quality of rare and less common variants, but will also increase the computational burden. Here, we demonstrate how the application of software engineering techniques can help to keep imputation broadly accessible. Overall, these improvements speed up imputation by an order of magnitude compared with our previous implementation.

Availability and implementation: minimac2, including source code, documentation, and examples is available at http://genome.sph.umich.edu/wiki/Minimac2

Contact:  cfuchsb@umich.edu, goncalo@umich.edu
Effects of habitat structure and land-use intensity on the genetic structure of the grasshopper speciesChorthippus parallelus
Authors: Wiesner Kerstin R. , Habel Jan Christian , Gossner Martin M. , Loxdale Hugh D. , Köhler Günter , Schneider Anja R. R. , Tiedemann Ralph , Weisser Wolfgang W.
Published: October 2014

Land-use intensity (LUI) is assumed to impact the genetic structure of organisms. While effects of landscape structure on the genetics of local populations have frequently been analysed, potential effects of variation in LUI on the genetic diversity of local populations have mostly been neglected. In this study, we used six polymorphic microsatellites to analyse the genetic effects of variation in land use in the highly abundant grasshopperChorthippus parallelus. We sampled a total of 610 individuals at 22 heterogeneous grassland sites in the Hainich-Dün region of Central Germany. For each of these grassland sites we assessed habitat size, LUI (combined index of mowing, grazing and fertilization), and the proportion of grassland adjoining the sampling site and the landscape heterogeneity (the latter two factors within a 500 m buffer zone surrounding each focal site). We found only marginal genetic differentiation among all local populations and no correlation between geographical and genetic distance. Habitat size, LUI and landscape characteristics had only weak effects on most of the parameters of genetic diversity ofC. parallelus; only expected heterozygosity and the grasshopper abundances were affected by interacting effects of LUI, habitat size and landscape characteristics. The lack of any strong relationships between LUI, abundance and the genetic structure might be due to large local populations of the species in the landscape, counteracting local differentiation and potential genetic drift effects.
Chitinophaga qingshengii sp. nov., isolated from weathered rock surface
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Wang Qi , He Lin-Yan , Huang Zhi , Sheng Xia-Fang
Published: October 2014

A novel mineral-weathering bacterium was isolated from weathered rock (potassic trachyte) surfaces collected from Nanjing (Jiangsu, PR China). Cells of strain JN246Twere Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. Strain JN246Twas aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and grew optimally at 28 °C and pH 7.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JN246Tbelonged to the genusChitinophagaand the closest phylogenetic relatives wereChitinophaga eiseniaeYC6729T(98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity),Chitinophaga terraeKP01T(96.8 %), andChitinophaga jiangningensisJN53T(96.3 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major polyamine was homospermidine. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 0and iso-C17 : 03-OH. The polar lipid profile of strain JN246Tconsisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JN246Twas 48.8 mol%. Based on the low level of DNA–DNA relatedness of strain JN246T(ranging from 22.6 % to 42.4 %) to the type strains of other species of the genusChitinophagaand unique phenotypic characteristics, strain JN246Trepresents a novel species of the genusChitinophaga, for which the nameChitinophaga qingshengiisp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JN246T( = CCTCC AB 2014201T = JCM 30026T).
Two new insulator proteins, Pita and ZIPIC, target CP190 to chromatin
Authors: Maksimenko Oksana , Bartkuhn Marek , Stakhov Viacheslav , Herold Martin , Zolotarev Nickolay , Jox Theresa , Buxa Melanie K. , Kirsch Ramona , Bonchuk Artem , Fedotova Anna , Kyrchanova Olga , Renkawitz Rainer , Georgiev Pavel
Published: October 2014

Insulators are multiprotein–DNA complexes that regulate the nuclear architecture. The Drosophila CP190 protein is a cofactor for the DNA-binding insulator proteins Su(Hw), CTCF, and BEAF-32. The fact that CP190 has been found at genomic sites devoid of either of the known insulator factors has until now been unexplained. We have identified two DNA-binding zinc-finger proteins, Pita, and a new factor named ZIPIC, that interact with CP190 in vivo and in vitro at specific interaction domains. Genomic binding sites for these proteins are clustered with CP190 as well as with CTCF and BEAF-32. Model binding sites for Pita or ZIPIC demonstrate a partial enhancer-blocking activity and protect gene expression from PRE-mediated silencing. The function of the CTCF-bound MCP insulator sequence requires binding of Pita. These results identify two new insulator proteins and emphasize the unifying function of CP190, which can be recruited by many DNA-binding insulator proteins.
Hobartine: a tetracyclic indole alkaloid extracted fromAristotelia chilensis(maqui)
Authors: Paz Robles Cristian , Badilla Vidal Natalia , Suarez Sebastián , Baggio Ricardo
Published: October 2014

The natural compound hobartine {systematic name: (1R)-3-[(1S,5S)-(4,4,8-trimethylbicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole}, C20H26N2, (I), is an indole alkaloid isolated fromAristotelia chilensisas part of a study of secondary metabolites from Chilean flora. The colourless compound has a tetracyclic structure closely related to the strongly coloured polymorphic structures discussed in Pazet al.[Acta Cryst.(2013), C69, 1509–1512] and Watsonet al.[Acta Cryst.(1989), C45, 1322–1324]. The main differences reside in the absence of a keto group in (I) compared with the previous structures, as well as anendodouble bond in (I) contrasting with theexodouble bond found in the previous structures. The supramolecular structure of (I) in strongly related to the twofold screw axis, around which isolated chains build up, internally linked by an N—H...N hydrogen bond which is the only significant intermolecular interaction present in the structure.
A novel two-dimensional CdIIcoordination polymer: poly[aqua[μ4-2-(4-carboxylatobenzoyl)benzoato]cadmium(II)]
Authors: Chen Hui-Ru , Zhang Wen-Wen
Published: October 2014

The title CdIIcoordination framework, [Cd(C15H8O5)(H2O)]nor [Cd(bpdc)(H2O)]n[H2bpdc is 2-(4-carboxybenzoyl)benzoic acid], has been prepared and characterized using IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Each CdIIcentre is six-coordinated by two O atoms from one 2-(4-carboxylatobenzoyl)benzoate (bpdc2−) ligand in chelating mode, three O-donor atoms from three other bpdc2−anions and one O atom from a coordinated water molecule in an octahedral coordination environment. Two crystallographically equivalent CdIIcations are bridged by one O atom of the 2-carboxylate group of one bpdc2−ligand and by both O atoms of the 4-carboxylate group of a second bpdc2−ligand to form a binuclear [(Cd)2(O)(OCO)] secondary building unit. Adjacent secondary building units are interlinked to form a one-dimensional [Cd(OCO)2]nchain. The bpdc2−ligands link these rod-shaped chains to give rise to a complex two-dimensional [Cd(bpdc)]nframework with a 4,4-connected binodal net topology of point symbol {43.62.8}. The compound exhibits a strong fluorescence emission and typical ferroelectric behaviour in the solid state at room temperature.
An alternative method for data analysis in serial femtosecond crystallography
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Yang , Wu Lijie
Published: October 2014

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) [Chapmanet al.(2011),Nature,470, 73–77], based on the X-ray free-electron laser, is a new and powerful tool for structure analysis at atomic resolution. This study proposes an extrapolation method for diffraction data analysis on the basis of diffraction intensity distribution in reciprocal space. Results show that this new method can restore SFX simulation data to structure factors that are more consistent with the structures used in simulation.
Role of social networks in community preparedness for bushfire
Authors: Akama Yoko , Chaplin Susan , Fairbrother Peter
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to present on-going research on the role of social networks in community preparedness for bushfire. Social networks are significant in helping communities cope in disasters. Studies of communities hit by a catastrophe such as landslides or heatwaves demonstrate that people with well-connected social networks are more likely to recover than others where their networks are obliterated or non-existent. The value of social networks is also evident in bushfire where information is passed between family, friends and neighbours. Social interactions are important in creating opportunities for residents to exchange information on shared risks and can lead them to take collective actions to address this risk.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper presents on-going research on social networks of residents living in fire-prone areas in Australia to investigate how knowledge related to bushfire might flow, either in preparation for, or during a hypothetical emergency. A closer examination of social relations and characteristics within networks is critical in contextualizing this knowledge flow. This understanding will contribute to collected evidence that social networks play a particularly important role in collective action in building adaptive capacity.

Findings

– The types of networks studied reflects how people’s emergent roles and their inter-relatedness with one another helps to build adaptive capacity and greater awareness of the risks they face from fire. In doing so, the paper questions individualized attributes of “leaders” that disaster literature can over-emphasize, and critiques notions “vulnerability” in a social network context. It demonstrates that social capital can be generated through emergent, contextual, processual factors.

Originality/value

– The paper contributes critical knowledge and evidence for fire agencies to engage with community networks and support those people who are playing a vital catalytic, bridging and linking role to strengthen their potential for adaptive capacity in mitigating bushfire risk.
Collaboration to improve evacuation centre operations in Queensland
Authors: Somasundaram Tania , Jayne Davies Belinda
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study of two organisations working in evacuation centres which overcame challenges to develop a constructive relationship, resulting in improved outcomes for disaster-affected people. A wide range of services for disaster-affected communities are provided as part of emergency sheltering. Collaboration between agencies providing services is essential, but sometimes challenging.

Design/methodology/approach

– A wide range of services for disaster-affected communities are provided as part of emergency sheltering. Collaboration between agencies providing services is essential, but sometimes challenging. The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study of two organisations working in evacuation centres which overcame challenges to develop a constructive relationship, resulting in improved outcomes for disaster-affected people.

Findings

– The Preferred Sheltering Practices provides an ongoing anchor for Australian Red Cross and Environmental Health Australia (EHA) (Queensland) Inc.’s relationship and has led to other tangible benefits such as involvement in each other’s events and trainings. The relationship has become embedded in each organisation’s day-to-day business ensuring the relationship’s sustainability beyond individual staff movements.

Originality/value

– This case study provides an example of how collaboration can be achieved between two organisations with seemingly different mandates to improve the response for disaster-affected communities.
Emergency responders’ experiences of and expectations regarding decontamination
Authors: Elisabeth Carter Holly , Drury John , James Rubin G. , Williams Richard , Amlôt Richard
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– There is an assumption in emergency planning that the public will “panic” or refuse to comply in the event of mass decontamination. This assumption has serious implications for how the public will be managed. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors carried out semi-structured interviews with 13 emergency responders, six of whom had experience of incidents involving decontamination. The authors asked them, first, about their experiences of these events and, second, about their expectations for decontamination involving a large crowd. The aim was to explore the extent to which responders perceived non-compliance and anxiety as (crowd) problems during decontamination, and if so, how they felt that they could be addressed.

Findings

– Responders with experience of decontamination perceived non-compliance and excessive anxiety to be rare, and suggested that orderly behaviour was more common. However, the majority of emergency responders with no experience of decontamination said they expected panic and non-compliance. They therefore emphasised the importance of “controlling”, rather than communicating with, the public.

Research limitations/implications

– The authors argue that “control”-based emergency management strategies can impact negatively on the relationship between the public and responders, and hence hinder effective management of an incident. It would therefore be beneficial to provide training for emergency responders on likely public behaviour during incidents involving decontamination.

Originality/value

– This research extends previous research by facilitating a detailed understanding of emergency responders’ experiences and perceptions of managing incidents involving decontamination, and showing how these experiences and perceptions can affect the way in which such incidents are managed.
Early perceptions of allowing adjudication of oral contracts
Authors: Charlson Jennifer , Baldwin Robert , Harrison Jamie
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of the admission of oral contracts to statutory adjudication proceedings. A major criticism of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (“HGCRA 1996”) was that Section 107 required contracts to be “in writing” for the parties to be able to use statutory adjudication. In response, the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 repealed Section 107 of the HGCRA 1996. This paper considers the implications of the admission of oral contracts to statutory adjudication proceedings, whereby adjudicators’ may now have to determine the exact nature of oral agreements. The critical literature review has highlighted that there is a perceived risk that, by allowing oral contracts to be decided through adjudication, there could be an increased risk of injustice (as the adjudicator may have to decide oral testimony about contract formation). Adjudicators may now have to determine the exact nature of oral agreements. The critical literature review has highlighted that there is a perceived risk that by allowing oral contracts to be decided through adjudication there could be an increased risk of injustice (as the adjudicator may have to decide oral testimony about contract formation).

Design/methodology/approach

– The questionnaire responses of 38 construction industry professionals were analysed by identifying facts and salient themes. The research aims to identify to what extent the changes have widened the scope for entering into adjudication proceedings and whether there is an increased risk of injustice due to the short timescales involved.

Findings

– There was significant agreement that parties to an oral agreement have an increased risk of injustice through wrong interpretation of the terms and significant disagreement that allowing oral contracts to be referred to adjudication will encourage the use of oral agreements. In addition, construction industry professionals were interviewed in the Midlands, UK, to obtain their opinions, views and perceptions of the admission of oral contracts to statutory adjudication.

Originality/value

– The research is anticipated to be of particular benefit to parties considering referring an oral contract to adjudication.
How can non-technical end users effectively test their spreadsheets?
Authors: Poon Pak-Lok , Kuo Fei-Ching , Liu Huai , Yueh Chen Tsong
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– An alarming number of spreadsheet faults have been reported in the literature, indicating that effective and easy-to-apply spreadsheet testing techniques are not available for “non-technical,” end-user programmers. The purpose of this paper is to alleviate the problem by introducing a metamorphic testing (MT) technique for spreadsheets.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper discussed four common challenges encountered by end-user programmers when testing a spreadsheet. The MT technique was then discussed and how it could be used to solve the common challenges was explained. An experiment involving several “real-world” spreadsheets was performed to determine the viability and effectiveness of MT.

Findings

– The experiment confirmed that MT is highly effective in spreadsheet fault detection, and yet MT is a general technique that can be easily used by end-user programmers to test a large variety of spreadsheet applications.

Originality/value

– The paper provides a detailed discussion of some common challenges of spreadsheet testing encountered by end-user programmers. To the best of the authors knowledge, the paper is the first that includes an empirical study of how effective MT is in spreadsheet fault detection from an end-user programmer's perspective.
Entrepreneurship and SME development in post-conflict societies
Authors: Djip Vernesa
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the conditions of entrepreneurship in transition and post-conflict societies, using Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) as a case study. There are many features of this country which make it an interesting case such. It was once a part of Yugoslavia and had a socialist regime. Post-socialism, B&H turned to creating and maintaining a market-based economy, making it a transition country. Lastly, the transition process has been disturbed and delayed due to the war that began in 1992.

Design/methodology/approach

– The author chose a single case study research design to present a unique case and to give in-depth analysis. The author has used the method of data triangulation to increase reliability and credibility of the case study research.

Findings

– The case study's findings reveal that three types of conditions influence entrepreneurship in B&H: socio-political, economic and legal. The paper has several implications; more specifically,inter alia, it has helped understand complexity of transitional environments and the implications of the same on entrepreneurship development.

Originality/value

– The paper adds to the existing literature on factors affecting entrepreneurial activity within a post-conflict context by simplifying categorization into three broad categories. By doing so, the paper emphasizes particular areas obstructing the development of the enterprise sector in B&H.
Corporate social responsibility: a likely causality of the crisis or a potential exit strategy component? A proposition development for an economy under pressure
Authors: Skouloudis Antonis , Chymis Athanasios , Allan Stuart , Evangelinos Konstantinos
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to outline a set of propositions for the Greek business sector concerning the value of strategically adopting a responsible business behaviour. The recent economic downturn of the Greek economy stresses the need for redefining current business models, attitudes and practices.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors draw from prior literature on strategic corporate responsibility and build their arguments on the value of social responsibility as an important component of an exit strategy from the domestic economic crisis.

Findings

– Promoting the social responsibility of business could yield win–win opportunities for Greek firms and have a positive effect on the regeneration of the national economy’s dynamics. Connecting the well-established strategic CSR literature with the specific handicaps of an economy under pressure, we point out that the current deep crisis can be alleviated by regaining the trustworthiness, supporting the competitiveness potential and enhancing the extroversion of the Greek economy.

Practical implications

– Strategic options from which policymakers and managers can endorse the development of a CSR agenda as an exit strategy component are set forth. Such practical implications pertain to the creation of an enabling environment for strategic CSR implementation, an emphasis on CSR-related amelioration of competitiveness parameters and a redefinition of market orientation of domestic firms under the scope of socially responsible business behaviour.

Originality/value

– An economic–business environment under extreme pressure is discussed; problems relevant to the Greek case are outlined while a new approach in the way of doing business is proposed.
Antecedents of trust in e-government services: an empirical test in Jordan
Authors: Abu-Shanab Emad
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to explore technology adoption research and propose a trust antecedents model, where trust in government, trust in technology, information quality, Internet familiarity and privacy and security concerns are hypothesized to predict Jordanians trust in e-government. Also, trust in e-government extended the Theory of Reasoned Action in predicting the intention to use e-government.

Design/methodology/approach

– Proposed a model and tried to empirically test it using a sample of 759 Jordanians who filled a survey consisting of items measuring the previously mentioned constructs. A structural equation modeling technique was used to test the model.

Findings

– Results supported the proposed research model, where all proposed variables significantly predicted intention to use e-government services. Also, a partial least squares estimate of the model indicated a significant prediction of trust in e-government by all proposed variables except the Internet familiarity construct. The coefficient of determination for intention to use was 0.465, and for trust in e-government 0.415.

Research limitations/implications

– The study utilized a newly developed instrument in Arabic, and diverse categories of subjects, where some of them were considering a public e-learning system when responding to items.

Practical implications

– This research is important to public officials and the Jordanian e-government project, as it emphasized the importance of trust constructs (TiT and TiG) as major influencers on the trust propensity related to e-government. Also, other constructs like information quality showed significant influence; where the type and characteristics of information posted on e-government Web sites influence the adoption decision on the long run. Jordanians’ perceptions regarding information posted on e-government Web site were all at moderate levels. More emphasis on making information more accurate, recent, comprehensive and original is needed.

Social implications

– This study showed a relative deficiency in Jordanians perceptions towards trusting the Internet. It seems that they reflected a moderate trust in its legal, technical and security levels. Finally, this study emphasized the role of privacy and security issues in influencing the level of trust in e-government systems. Similarly, transparency and knowledge equity are important dimensions that need to be addressed.

Originality/value

– This study is one of the largest studies with respect to the size of its sample that explores trust in e-government in Jordan. The focus on trust antecedents and the empirical test of the model is a first attempt in the literature, where a structural model was explored raising the level of accuracy of estimation to its required potential. The number of constructs to be explored at the same time is an addition to the area of e-government technology adoption.
Emergent HPWS: why HRM may not be needed to build a high-performance work system
Authors: A. Ingvaldsen Jonas , S. Johansen Tobias , M. Aarlott Mats
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to explore the antecedents of high-performance work systems (HPWS). HPWS promise workplaces that are both highly productive and offer employees high levels of job satisfaction. The existing literature tends to see HPWS as outcomes of planned change initiated by management as part of an human resource management (HRM) strategy. We question this assumption and show that under favourable conditions, HPWS may emerge from workers’ self-organization.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative case study of a department producing automotive components was conducted. Empirical material was collected through participant observation. The material was coded for recurring themes and used to construct an explanatory model.

Findings

– HPWS may emerge in the absence of managerial or HRM interventions. The emergence and reproduction of HPWS can be explained by a shop-floor culture of craftsmanship, worker solidarity and jobs with high levels of task significance and task identity.

Research limitations/implications

– Future research is encouraged to explore and more carefully theorize the antecedents of HPWS. Of particular interest is the relationship between planned HPWS initiatives and elements of the informal work organization, which may also promote autonomy, flexibility and commitment.

Practical implications

– Planned implementations of HPWS would benefit from appreciating and building on existing norms of craftsmanship and solidarity. Reinforcing and officially endorsing these norms may be preferable to introduce novel normative ideals of “teamwork”, “empowerment” or “quality”.

Originality/value

– Few studies have systematically explored the antecedents of HPWS. The proposed concept “emergent HPWS”, captures largely unacknowledged organizational dynamics.
“We are at day one of a new life”: translation of a management concept from headquarter to a production team
Authors: Rolfsen Monica , Skaufel Kilskar Stine , Valle Nina
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyze how implementation of a management concept is interpreted by a team within a multinational company. The headquarter “rolls out” a standardized version of teamwork within a lean production system. The authors want to investigate what happens.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper is based on a case study approach in a single company with available data over a long period of time.

Findings

– Instead of being a vehicle for involvement and responsibility through the increased visibility, the tools and techniques become a perceived control mechanism because of a lack of connection between norms and values and tools. Despite the initiating enthusiasm of manager stating that “we are now at day one of a new life”, the system is perceived as yet another management concept, and the tools implemented did not represent any meaningful improvement.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper is based on a single company, describing a particular phenomenon.

Practical implications

– The paper highlights the importance of involvement when new concepts are transferred into a new social context.

Originality/value

– The in-depth study of a team within a multinational corporation implementing a management concept is unusual. The main theoretical contribution is to combine conceptualization of both social context and management principles.
Economic Uncertainty, Monetary Uncertainty, and the Demand for Money: Evidence From Asian Countries
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Xi Dan
Published: October 2014

In 1984 Nobel Lauriat Milton Friedman claimed that the decline in velocity of money or an increase in the demand for money was due to volatility of money supply. Another study argued that if monetary volatility could impact the demand for money, so can output volatility (as a measure of economic uncertainty). Both measures of uncertainty can cause people to reallocate their assets between cash and real assets that are less risky. If public become more cautious about the future, they will hold more cash today. However, if they chose to hedge against uncertain prices, they may hold more real assets and less cash. These two hypotheses are tested for Asian countries using bounds testing approach. While both measures are found to have short‐run significant effects on the demand for money in almost all countries, the short‐run effects last into the long run in half of the countries. Furthermore, we find positive and negative effects of both measures which are in line with previous research related to a few developed countries.
Tax Principles and Coordination of Trade and Domestic Policies Under Imperfect Competition
Authors: Fujiwara Kenji
Published: October 2014

We construct an exporting monopoly model to compare destination‐ and origin‐based commodity taxes in a context of a trade and domestic tax reform. We show that an export tax reduction and a change in destination (resp. origin) tax that fix the world price is strictly Pareto‐improving (resp. deteriorating), which holds whether markets are integrated or segmented. This result may provide a new rationale for preferring the destination‐based consumption tax to the origin‐based production tax that has been discussed in the literature of tax harmonisation and tax competition.
Introduction to nutrition informatics in Australia
Authors: Maunder Kirsty , Williams Peter , Walton Karen , Ferguson Maree , Beck Eleanor , Probst Yasmine
Published: October 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to provide an introduction to nutrition informatics, including a brief history and a rationale of its importance for Australian dietetics.

Methods

The study method used was a narrative review informed by a literature review and expert consultation with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

Results

Nutrition informatics has demonstrated potential to improve efficiencies, reduce costs, support research and ultimately enhance patient care. Governments and organisations have identified this as an emerging priority area. The Dietitians Association of Australia has launched initiatives to advocate and provide strategic advice on dietetic involvement in biomedical informatics and specifically nutrition informatics.

Conclusions

If nutrition standards and processes are not integrated into information systems, dietitians may inherit technologies that do not support dietetic work practices, and opportunities to enhance nutrition services may be missed. It is recommended that dietitians be aware of the opportunities and potential benefits of nutrition informatics, become familiar and involved in technology initiatives, and take the lead in guiding the development and implementation of technologies that may impact patient nutritional care.
Using mark–recapture distance sampling methods on line transect surveys
Authors: Burt Mary Louise , Borchers David L. , Jenkins Kurt J. , Marques Tiago A.
Published: October 2014

Mark–recapture distance sampling (MRDS) methods are widely used for density and abundance estimation when the conventionalDSassumption of certain detection at distance zero fails, as they allow detection at distance zero to be estimated and incorporated into the overall probability of detection to better estimate density and abundance. However, incorporatingMRdata inDSmodels raises survey and analysis issues not present in conventionalDS. Conversely, incorporatingDSassumptions inMRmodels raises issues not present in conventionalMR. As a result, being familiar with either conventionalDSmethods or conventionalMRmethods does not on its own put practitioners in good a position to applyMRDSmethods appropriately. This study explains the sometimes subtly different varieties ofMRDSsurvey methods and the associated concepts underlyingMRDSmodels. This is done as far as possible without giving mathematical details – in the hope that this will make the key concepts underlying the methods accessible to a wider audience than if we were to present the concepts via equations.

We illustrate use of the two main types ofMRDSmodel by using data collected on two different types of survey: a survey of ungulate faecal pellets where two observers searched independently of each other; and a cetacean survey that used a search protocol that could accommodate responsive movement, with only one observer searching independently and the other being aware of all detections.

Synthesis and applications. Mark–recaptureDSis a widely used method for estimating animal density and abundance when detection of animals at distance zero is not certain. Two observer configurations and three statistical models are described, and it is important to choose the most appropriate model for the observer configuration and target species in question. By way of making the methods more accessible to practicing ecologists, we describe the key ideas underlyingMRDSmethods, the sometimes subtle differences between them, and we illustrate these by applying different kinds ofMRDSmethod to surveys of two different target species using different survey configurations.
A method to detect subcommunities from multivariate spatial associations
Authors: Flügge Anton J. , Olhede Sofia C. , Murrell David J.
Published: October 2014

Species are seldom distributed at random across a community, but instead show spatial structure that is determined by environmental gradients and/or biotic interactions. Analysis of the spatial co‐associations of species may therefore reveal information on the processes that helped to shape those patterns.

We propose a multivariate approach that uses the spatial co‐associations between all pairs of species to find subcommunities of species whose distribution in the study area is positively correlated. Our method, which begins with the patterns of individuals, is particularly well‐suited for communities with large numbers of species and gives rare species an equal weight. We propose a method to quantify a maximum number of subcommunities that are significantly more correlated than expected under a null model of species independence.

Using data on the distribution of tree and shrub species from a 50 ha forest plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, we show that our method can be used to construct biologically meaningful subcommunities that are linked to the spatial structure of the plant community. As an example, we construct spatial maps from the subcommunities that closely follow habitats based on environmental gradients (such as slope) as well as different biotic conditions (such as canopy gaps).

We discuss extensions and adaptations to our method that might be appropriate for other types of spatially referenced data and for other ecological communities. We make suggestions for other ways to interpret the subcommunities using phylogenetic relationships, biological traits and environmental variables as covariates and note that subcommunities that are hard to interpret may suggest groups of species and/or regions of the landscape that merit further attention.
Assessing the short‐ and long‐term outcomes after resection of benign insulinoma
Authors: Tsang Yi‐Po , Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Shek Tony Wai‐Hung
Published: October 2014

Background

Insulinoma is a rare functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET) believed to have an excellent long‐term outcome, but few studies have solely focused on this issue after apparently curative resection. This study aimed to assess post‐operative and long‐term outcomes after resection of benign insulinomas.

Methods

From 1998 to 2013, 36 consecutive patients with insulinomas underwent surgery. Three patients had multiple endocrine neoplasia type‐1 (MEN‐1). Demographics, operative findings, tumour grade (2010 World Health Organization (WHO) NET classification), post‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) grade (International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF)), complications and recurrence were analysed.

Results

Eighteen (50%) had enucleation while the rest underwent pancreatic resection. The majority (86.1%) of insulinomas belonged to WHO NET grade G1. POPF occurred in 58.3% of patients while clinical fistula (ISGPF grades B and C) occurred in 19.4%. One (2.8%) patient required reoperation. The occurrence of POPF was not related to type of resection or surgical approach. There was no perioperative mortality. After a mean follow‐up of 83.6 months, two patients (5.7%) developed disease recurrence at 34.4 and 131.9 months after initial surgery. No patients developed distant metastasis. The 10‐ and 15‐year disease‐free rates were 95.6 and 85.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

POPF occurred frequently and posed a significant morbidity after resection of insulinoma. However, it occurred independently of type of resection or surgical approach. Although the immediate cure rate after resection was high (100%), long‐term disease recurrence in sporadic (non‐MEN‐1) cases was not insignificant. Regular long‐term follow‐up is recommended.
Comparing the use of the interpersonal computer, personal computer and pen‐and‐paper when solving arithmetic exercises
Authors: Alcoholado Cristián , Diaz Anita , Tagle Arturo , Nussbaum Miguel , Infante Cristián
Published: October 2014

This study aims to understand the differences in student learning outcomes and classroom behaviour when using the interpersonal computer, personal computer and pen‐and‐paper to solve arithmetic exercises. In this multi‐session experiment, third grade students working on arithmetic exercises from various curricular units were divided into three groups. The first group used personal computers (netbooks), the second group used an interpersonal computer (ie, one projector with a screen, one computer and one mouse per child) and the third group used pen‐and‐paper. The results of the experiment indicate that all three groups achieved an increase in learning, as shown by the pretest and posttest scores. No significant difference was found between the interpersonal computer and personal computer groups. This suggests that the key characteristic shared by the two groups is the provision of feedback. The format that such feedback takes, either private (through a personal screen) or public (through a shared screen), is shown to make no difference. However, the results significantly favour groups that are provided with instant feedback (interpersonal computer and personal computer) as opposed to delayed feedback (pen‐and‐paper).
Aspirin enhances protective effect of fish oil against thrombosis and injury‐induced vascular remodelling
Authors: Gong Yanjun , Lin Minghui , Piao Lingjuan , Li Xinzhi , Yang Fei , Zhang Jian , Xiao Bing , Zhang Qingli , Song Wen‐Liang , Yin Huiyong , Zhu Li , Funk Colin D , Yu Ying
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose

Although aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is commonly used to prevent ischaemic events in patients with coronary artery disease, many patients fail to respond to aspirin treatment. Dietary fish oil (FO), containing ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has anti‐inflammatory and cardio‐protective properties, such as lowering cholesterol and modulating platelet activity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential additional effects of aspirin and FO on platelet activity and vascular response to injury.

Experimental Approach

Femoral arterial remodelling was induced by wire injury in mice. Platelet aggregation, and photochemical‐ and ferric chloride‐induced carotid artery thrombosis were employed to evaluate platelet function.

Key Results

FO treatment increased membrane ω3 PUFA incorporation, lowered plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and reduced systolic BP in mice. FO or aspirin alone inhibited platelet aggregation; however, when combined, they exhibited synergistic suppression of platelet activity in mice, independent of COX‐1 inhibition. FO alone, but not aspirin, attenuated arterial neointimal growth in response to injury. Strikingly, a combination of FO and aspirin synergistically inhibited injury‐induced neointimal hyperplasia and reduced perivascular inflammatory reactions. Moreover, co‐administration of FO and aspirin decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in inflammatory cells. Consistently, a pro‐resolution lipid mediator‐Resolvin E1, was significantly elevated in plasma in FO/aspirin‐treated mice.

Conclusions and Implications

Co‐administration of FO and low‐dose aspirin may act synergistically to protect against thrombosis and injury‐induced vascular remodelling in mice. Our results support further investigation of adjuvant FO supplementation for patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Chinese Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-23
Entrepreneurial Leadership and Performance in Chinese New Ventures: A Moderated Mediation Model of Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation and Environmental Dynamism
Authors: Huang Shenglan , Ding Donghong , Chen Zhi
Published: October 2014

This study advances prior theoretical research by examining the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and new venture performance with the introduction of exploratory and exploitative innovations as mediating variables. To fully understand the influence process of entrepreneurial leadership, we argue that environmental dynamism should be considered. Data on 168 new ventures in China indicate that entrepreneurial leadership is positively related to both exploratory and exploitative innovations, which in turn are both positively related to new venture performance. Our results also confirm that environmental dynamism moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and both types of innovation (i.e., exploratory and exploitative). Thus, we contribute to the debate on the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on the pursuit of excellent new venture performance, not only by examining how entrepreneurial leadership affects new venture performance by pursuing two types of innovative activities (i.e., exploratory and exploitative innovations), but also by revealing how these relationships are contingent upon environmental dynamism.