bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Literature Review of Technology‐Related Research in Accounting Education: 2010–2020*
Authors: Theuri Peter , Campbell Ronald , Owens‐Jackson Lisa
Published: December 2023

This literature review includes 187 articles with a technology focus that were published during 2010–2020 in seven accounting education journals. We analyze these articles with a goal of identifying the research conducted at the intersection of technology and accounting education. Five accounting education areas of focus emerge, with each having prevalent themes. Within these themes, we identify the technological infusion and how it was applied or related to accounting education. Where feasible, we report information on the target expected use (users) within each of the five accounting focus areas in the article and present any relevant key findings. We conclude by identifying research voids and suggesting potential directions for future research. The analysis should aid current faculty in their efforts to infuse appropriate technology into accounting education with a goal of producing technologically savvy graduates.
Economic consequences of new accounting standards in UK charities
Authors: Mayapada Arung Gihna , Biswas Pallab Kumar , Roberts Helen
Published: December 2023

This study examines the effect of changes to the 2015 UK charities accounting standards on financial reporting timeliness and audit fees. Utilising 62,785 observations (9351 charities) from 2010 to 2017, we report a significant decrease in financial reporting timeliness following the new accounting standards regime. The decrease is more pronounced in charities with audited financial statements because of their lengthier audit report lag. Audit fees are also substantially higher following the new accounting standards implementation. Sensitivity tests reveal charities are more likely to have an unusual reporting lag following the introduction of the new accounting standards.
Zoogeographic regionalisation of terrestrial vertebrates of Mozambique
Authors: Bento Carlos M. , Cardoso Paulo E. , Beilfuss Richard D. , Chimimba Christian T.
Published: December 2023

During the formative years of science‐based biodiversity conservation and planning, Mozambique was undergoing a prolonged post‐colonial liberation struggle (1964–1974) and subsequent civil war (1976–1992), resulting in a profound gap in biodiversity knowledge and conservation planning relative to other countries in the region. This study represents Mozambique's first post‐war (1992 to the present) zoogeographic regionalisation at a fine scale, using 20 years of terrestrial vertebrate data comprising 54 species and 27,199 records that cover 53% of the 0.5° grid cells of the country, with 35% of cells having sufficient data for subsequent quantitative analysis. Cluster and Indicator species (IndVal) analysis were used to delimit zooregions and to identify their characteristic species, respectively, while Redundancy analysis was used to relate environmental variables to vertebrate groups. These analyses divided Mozambique into six zooregions (Niassa, Tete, Gilé, Marromeu‐Gorongosa, Limpopo‐Zinave‐Banhine and Maputo). Our study reveals that the zooregions identified are not adequately protected by the current network of protected areas. An expanded network of protected areas is needed to ensure biodiversity conservation in Mozambique.
Ethnography vs. zombie methodologies
Authors: Downey Greg
Published: December 2023

Beginning in 2011, public scandals and high‐visibility critiques of research methods in psychology fed a broader “replication crisis”: foundational experiments could not be replicated, and statistical methods in social psychology demonstrated vulnerability to fraud and manipulation. Even well‐intended researchers following accepted psychological protocols—zombie methodologies—could unintentionally produce false positives. In response, social psychologists have called for greater sensitivity to cultural diversity, a deeper consideration of social context, and more methodological reflection. The contrast with anthropology is dramatic, highlighting some of the strengths of our field: methodological versatility, appreciation of human variability, theoretical creativity, and a solid foundation for synthetic, interdisciplinary collaboration grounded in our tradition of holism. The human sciences are an important audience for anthropologists, as the example of cognitive science shows.
To write or not to write?
Authors: Chao Sophie
Published: December 2023

It is of critical importance for anthropologists to consider the ethical and representational stakes of writing violence, especially when the values and uses of anthropology are increasingly disputed, both within and beyond the discipline. As suggested by Indigenous Papuan women's contrasting views on the promise and perils of ethnographic writing, the good of anthropology is a question best approached in conversation with the people upon whose cultures anthropologists build our careers and capital. Engaging upfront with our interlocutors’ divergent desires and demands in turn invites a practice of hesitant anthropology that productively avows—rather than disavows—the dilemmas of disclosure faced by the people whose stories we are entrusted with and become responsible for. Such a practice centers the realities of noninnocence and compromise that animate or preempt the ethnographic craft, including the diverse perspectives, obligations, and betrayals shaping the experience of being there and of (not) writing it.
Paternal and maternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary concentrations of parabens in relation to child behavior
Authors: Leader Jordana , Mínguez‐Alarcón Lidia , Williams Paige L. , Ford Jennifer B. , Dadd Ramace , Chagnon Olivia , Bellinger David C. , Oken Emily , Calafat Antonia M. , Hauser Russ , Braun Joseph M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Epidemiologic studies of the effects of parental preconception paraben exposures on child behavior are limited despite emerging evidence suggesting that such exposures may affect offspring neurodevelopment.

Objective

We investigated whether maternal and paternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary concentrations of parabens were associated with child behavior.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Preconception Environmental exposure And Childhood health Effects Study, an ongoing prospective cohort of children aged 6–13 years and their parents. We estimated covariate‐adjusted associations of loge‐transformed urinary methyl, propyl, and butyl paraben concentrations (individually using linear regression models and as a mixture using quantile g‐computation) collected prior to conception and during pregnancy with Behavioral Assessment System for Children‐3 and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function T‐scores (higher scores indicate more problem behaviors).

Results

This analysis included 140 mothers, 81 fathers, and 171 children (25 sets of twins); parents were predominantly non‐Hispanic white (88% for both mothers and fathers). In single paraben models, higher paternal preconception urinary propyl and methyl paraben concentrations were associated with higher Internalizing Problem T‐scores (propyl paraben = 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 0.6, 2.8, methyl paraben = 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.5, 3.9) and higher Behavioral Symptom Index T‐scores (propyl paraben = 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.3, 2.5, methyl paraben = 1.6; 95% confidence interval: ‐0.1, 3.3). Each quantile increase in the paternal mixture of three parabens was associated with a 3.4 (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 6.1) and 2.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.01, 5.0) increased internalizing problem and Behavioral Symptom Index T‐scores respectively. Higher paternal preconception (= 1.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.04, 1.9) and maternal preconception (= 1.1 95% confidence interval: ‐0.1, 2.2) concentrations of propyl paraben were associated with higher Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Metacognition Index T‐scores in children, but the paraben mixtures was not.

Conclusion

In this cohort, paternal preconception urinary concentrations of propyl and methyl paraben were associated with worse parent‐reported child behaviors.
Differential effects of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis fluids on human mesothelial and endothelial cells in 2D and 3D phenotypes
Authors: Jagirdar Rajesh M. , Pitaraki Eleanna , Rouka Erasmia , Papazoglou Eleftherios D. , Bartosova Maria , Zebekakis Pantelis , Schmitt Claus Peter , Zarogiannis Sotirios G. , Liakopoulos Vassilios
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a life maintaining treatment in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Its chronic application leads to peritoneal mesothelial layer denudation and fibrotic transformation along with vascular activation of inflammatory pathways. The impact of different PD fluids (PDF) on mesothelial and endothelial cell function and repair mechanisms are not comprehensively described.

Materials and Methods

Mesothelial (MeT‐5A) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were cultured in 1:1 ratio with cell medium and different PDF (icodextrin‐based, amino acid‐based, and glucose‐based). Cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell proliferation in 2D and spheroid formation and collagen gel contraction assays in 3D cell cultures were performed.

Results

Cell proliferation and cell‐mediated gel contraction were both significantly decreased in all conditions. 3D spheroid formation was significantly reduced with icodextrin and amino acid PDF, but unchanged with glucose PDF. Adhesion was significantly increased by amino acid PDF in mesothelial cells and decreased by icodextrin and amino acid PDF in endothelial cells. Migration capacity was significantly decreased in mesothelial cells by all three PDF, while endothelial cells remained unaffected.

Conclusions

In 3D phenotypes the effects of PDF are more uniform in both mesothelial and endothelial cells, mitigating spheroid formation and gel contraction. On the contrary, effects on 2D phenotypes are more uniform in the icodextrin and amino acid PDF as opposed to glucose ones and affect mesothelial cells more variably. 2D and 3D comparative assessments of PDF effects on the main peritoneal membrane cell barriers, the mesothelial and endothelial, could provide useful translational information for PD studies.
Weight loss of 5% or more after lobectomy for lung cancer via minimally invasive approaches is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Nakada Takeo , Nakashima Maki , Tsukamoto Yo , Kato Daiki , Shibazaki Takamasa , Ohtsuka Takashi
Published: December 2023

Introduction

We analyzed the association between postoperative weight loss (WL), preoperative body mass index (BMI), and prognosis in patients with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy using minimally invasive approaches.

Methods

Weight change in 325 patients who underwent radical lobectomy for non‐small cell lung cancer was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and compared to preoperative weight. Patients were divided into three groups according to their preoperative BMI interquartile range: low BMI ≤20.3 kg/m2, middle BMI 20.4–24.4 kg/m2, and high BMI ≥24.5 kg/m2. Postoperative WL ≥5% was evaluated with reference to frailty.

Results

There were no significant differences in pathological findings, postoperative complications, or postoperative hospital stay among the three groups. Thirty all‐cause deaths and 39 cancer recurrences occurred. Within the first year after surgery, WL of any grade was observed in 229 patients (70.5%) and WL ≥5% in 86 patients (26.5%). Postoperative WL of any grade within 1 year after surgery was not associated with OS and RFS (both p > .05). However, WL ≥5% within 1 year after surgery was associated with worse OS and RFS (p = .007 and .006, respectively). WL ≥5% within 1 year after surgery was more common in the low BMI group (p = .045). There was no difference in OS and RFS among the BMI groups in patients with WL ≥5% and those without WL ≥5% (all p > .05).

Conclusion

WL ≥5% was associated with poor prognosis after lobectomy via minimally invasive approaches. Weighing is a useful prognostic marker that can be easily self‐checked.
Specialized and versatile antisocial behavioral profiles in preschoolers: Associations with persistent behavioral problems
Authors: Paré‐Ruel Marie‐Pier , Stack Dale M. , Hastings Paul D. , Serbin Lisa A.
Published: December 2023

This study investigated specialized and versatile antisocial patterns in preschoolers and examined the link between these patterns and the risk of developing chronic antisocial behaviors throughout childhood. A total of 556 children (50.6% boys, 88% White) participated in this three‐wave longitudinal study at 3–5, 6–8, and 10–12 years old. A latent transition analysis revealed that most preschoolers (89.5%) who adopt several subtypes of antisocial behaviors simultaneously exhibit stable and severe antisocial behaviors throughout childhood. In contrast, most preschoolers (60%) who favor one specific subtype of antisocial behaviors desist from such behaviors between preschool and preadolescence. Importantly, aggression accompanied by other subtypes of antisocial behaviors predicted chronicity better than aggression alone, casting doubt on the notion that aggression is the strongest predictor of chronicity.
Child sexual abuse in Ghana: A multi‐methods exploratory study
Authors: Acquaye Garnet Linda Naa Adukwei , Quarshie Emmanuel Nii‐Boye , Salifu Yendork Joana , Oppong Asante Kwaku
Published: December 2023

Using a qualitative multi‐methods approach, this study explored the offence, survivor and perpetrator characteristics, and the lived experiences of child and adolescent survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) in Ghana. We analysed the contents of local media reports of CSA cases from January 2015 to December 2020 in Ghana, after which we conducted semi‐structured interviews involving five female child and adolescent survivors of CSA. The media content analysis identified 529 eligible reports involving female (n = 516) and male (n = 13) survivors aged 11–18 years who knew the perpetrators. The perpetrators were all‐male youth and middle‐aged adults employed in low‐income status occupations. Defilement was the most reported sexual offence; the survivors were more likely to come from single‐parent families experiencing poverty and economic hardship. The perpetrators employed multiple methods to coerce and elicit compliance from their victims: confidence approaches, violence (blitz methods) and gifts. Content analysis showed that most of the survivors attributed their victimisation to family poverty and dysfunctional parent–child relationships. These findings underscore a need to develop prevention strategies that empower young females and males to identify, escape or avoid (potential) sexual predators and encourage reporting and disclosure of CSA victimisation to formal support institutions.
Deep learning for the identification of ridge deficiency around dental implants
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Hung , Wang Hom‐Lay , Yu Li‐Wen , Chou Po‐Yung , Chang Hao‐Chieh , Chang Chin‐Hao , Chang Po‐Chun
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to use a deep learning (DL) approach for the automatic identification of the ridge deficiency around dental implants based on an image slice from cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

Single slices crossing the central long‐axis of 630 mandibular and 845 maxillary virtually placed implants (4–5 mm diameter, 10 mm length) in 412 patients were used. The ridges were classified based on the intraoral bone‐implant support and sinus floor location. The slices were either preprocessed by alveolar ridge homogenizing prior to DL (preprocessed) or left unpreprocessed. A convolutional neural network with ResNet‐50 architecture was employed for DL.

Results

The model achieved an accuracy of >98.5% on the unpreprocessed image slices and was found to be superior to the accuracy observed on the preprocessed slices. On the mandible, model accuracy was 98.91 ± 1.45%, and F1 score, a measure of a model's accuracy in binary classification tasks, was lowest (97.30%) on the ridge with a combined horizontal‐vertical defect. On the maxilla, model accuracy was 98.82 ± 1.11%, and the ridge presenting an implant collar‐sinus floor distance of 5–10 mm with a dehiscence defect had the lowest F1 score (95.86%). To achieve >90% model accuracy, ≥441 mandibular slices or ≥592 maxillary slices were required.

Conclusions

The ridge deficiency around dental implants can be identified using DL from CBCT image slices without the need for preprocessed homogenization. The model will be further strengthened by implementing more clinical expertise in dental implant treatment planning and incorporating multiple slices to classify 3‐dimensional implant‐ridge relationships.
Delayed diagnostic interval and survival outcomes in pediatric leukemia: A single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Tamefusa Kosuke , Ochi Motoharu , Ishida Hisashi , Shiwaku Takahiro , Kanamitsu Kiichiro , Fujiwara Kaori , Tatebe Yasuhisa , Matsumoto Naomi , Washio Kana , Tsukahara Hirokazu
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study primarily focused on the diagnostic interval (DI), defined as the duration from the onset of leukemic symptoms to diagnosis. We investigated whether a prolonged DI is associated with the outcomes of pediatric leukemia.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data of children with newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia at Okayama University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2022. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan–Meier methods, and an unadjusted analysis to compare differences in survival was performed using the log‐rank test.

Results

In total, 103 children with leukemia were included in the analysis. The median DI was 20 days (interquartile range, 9.5–33.5 days). A prolonged DI (≥30 days) demonstrated no association with either 5‐year event‐free survival (70.1% for <30 days and 68.3% for ≥30 days, p = .99, log‐rank test) or overall survival (84.7% for <30 days and 89.4% for ≥30 days, p = .85, log‐rank test).

Conclusions

A prolonged DI was not associated with the survival of children with leukemia. If a precise classification of leukemia biology is provided for pediatric patients, a prolonged DI may have little impact on the prognosis of these patients.
Dopamine D3 receptor modulates D2 receptor effects on cAMP and GABA release at striatopallidal terminals—Modulation by the Ca2+–Calmodulin–CaMKII system
Authors: Villalobos‐Escobedo Flor Selene , Jijón‐Lorenzo Rafael , Avalos‐Fuentes José Arturo , Paz‐Bermúdez Francisco , Recillas‐Morales Sergio , Rojas Israel Conde , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Cortés Hernán , Florán Benjamín
Published: December 2023

Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is expressed in striatopallidal neurons and decreases forskolin‐stimulated cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) mRNA is expressed in a population of striatal D2R‐expressing neurons. Also, D3R protein and binding have been reported in the neuropil of globus pallidus. We explore whether D2R and D3R colocalize in striatopallidal terminals and whether D3R modulates the D2R effect on forskolin‐stimulated [3H]cAMP accumulation in pallidal synaptosomes and high K+ stimulated‐[3H]GABA release in pallidal slices. Previous reports in heterologous systems indicate that calmodulin (CaM) and CaMKII modulate D2R and D3R functions; thus, we study whether this system regulates its functional interaction. D2R immunoprecipitates with CaM, and pretreatment with ophiobolin A or depolarization of synaptosomes with 15 mM of K+ decreases it. Both treatments increase the D2R inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated [3H]cAMP accumulation when activated with quinpirole, indicating a negative modulation of CaM on D2R function. Quinpirole also activates D3R, potentiating D2R inhibition of cAMP accumulation in the ophiobolin A‐treated synaptosomes. D2R and D3R immunoprecipitate in pallidal synaptosomes and decrease after the kainic acid striatal lesion, indicating the striatal origin of the presynaptic receptors. CaM‐kinase II alfa (CaMKIIα) immunoprecipitates with D3R and increases after high K+ depolarization. In the presence of KN62, a CaMKIIα blocker, D3R potentiates D2R effects on cAMP accumulation in depolarized synaptosomes and GABA release in pallidal slices, indicating D3R function regulation by CaMKIIα. Our data indicate that D3R potentiates the D2R effect on cAMP accumulation and GABA release at pallidal terminals, an interaction regulated by the CaM–CaMKIIα system.
Lumbar vertebral bone density is decreased in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: Colbath Aimee C. , Fortin Jessica S. , Burglass Caroline M. , Panek Char , Vergara‐Hernandez Fernando B. , Johnson Tyler N. , Robison Cara A. , Logan Alyssa A. , Nelson Nathan A. , Nielsen Brian D. , Schott Harold C.
Published: December 2023

Background

Pathological fractures have been reported in equids with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) but their prevalence and pathogenesis is unknown.

Objectives

To compare: (1) bone mineral density (BMD) in weight bearing and nonweight bearing bones in PPID+ equids and aged and young PPID− controls; and (2) biomechanical properties of the fourth lumbar vertebral body in PPID+ equids and aged PPID− equids.

Study design

Case–control study: five PPID+ equids and six aged and four young PPID− control horses.

Methods

PPID status was based on clinical signs and necropsy examination of the pituitary gland (PG). The lumbar vertebral column, right front third metacarpus (MC3), left hind third metatarsus (MT3), and PG were removed after euthanasia. BMD was determined by quantitative computed tomography of regions of interest (ROI) in each bone and biomechanical testing was performed on the fourth lumbar vertebral body. Serum concentrations of parathormone (PTH), ionised Ca++, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and osteocalcin (OC) were also measured. Data were analysed using one‐way ANOVA and correlation analyses.

Results

BMD of trabecular and cortical regions of interest (ROI) of the third, fourth (L4), and fifth lumbar vertebrae were significantly lower in PPID+ equids as compared with aged (p < 0. 001) and young (p < 0.01) PPID− controls. In contrast, no differences were found in BMD of trabecular or cortical ROIs of MC3 and MT3 between groups. No differences were detected in force at fracture, displacement at fracture, Young's modulus or strain of L4 between PPID+ and aged PPID− horses. No differences were found in serum PTH, ionised Ca++, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, or OC concentrations between groups.

Main limitations

Limited number of equids studied and variation in test results.

Conclusions

BMD of nonweight bearing bones can be decreased with PPID and could increase risk of developing pathological fractures.
Identifying professional photographers through image quality and aesthetics in Flickr
Authors: Strukova Sofia , Marco Rubén Gaspar , Mármol Félix Gómez , Ruipérez‐Valiente José A.
Published: December 2023

In our generation, there is an undoubted rise in the use of social media and specifically photo and video sharing platforms. These sites have proved their ability to yield rich data sets through the users’ interaction which can be used to perform a data‐driven evaluation of capabilities. Nevertheless, this study reveals the lack of suitable data sets in photo and video sharing platforms and evaluation processes across them. In this way, our first contribution is the creation of one of the largest labelled data sets in Flickr with the multimodal data which has been open sourced as part of this contribution. It incorporates multimodal data, combining information from various sources such as user profiles, photo metadata, and crowdsourced features. Predicated on these data, we explored machine learning models and concluded that it is feasible to properly predict whether a user is a professional photographer or not based on self‐reported occupation labels and several feature representations out of the user, photo and crowdsourced sets. We also examined the relationship between the aesthetics and technical quality of a picture and the social activity of that picture. Finally, we depicted which characteristics differentiate professional photographers from non‐professionals. As far as we know, the results presented in this work represent an important novelty for identifying expertise in the domain of photography, which researchers from various domains can utilise for related applications.
Deep subsurface microbial life in impact‐altered Late Paleozoic granitoid rocks from the Chicxulub impact crater
Authors: Quraish Sohaib Naseer , Cockell Charles , Wuchter Cornelia , Kring David , Grice Kliti , Coolen Marco J. L.
Published: December 2023

In 2016, IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 recovered an 829‐meter‐long core within the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater (Yucatán, Mexico), allowing us to investigate the post‐impact recovery of the heat‐sterilized deep continental microbial biosphere at the impact site. We recently reported increased cell biomass in the impact suevite, which was deposited within the first few hours of the Cenozoic, and that the overall microbial communities differed significantly between the suevite and the other main core lithologies (i.e., the granitic basement and the overlying Early Eocene marine sediments; Cockell et al., 2021). However, only seven rock intervals were previously analyzed from the geologically heterogenic and impact‐deformed 587‐m‐long granitic core section below the suevite interval. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene profiling to study the microbial community composition in 45 intervals including (a) 31 impact‐shocked granites, (b) 7 non‐granitic rocks (i.e., consisting of suevite and impact melt rocks intercalated into the granites during crater formation and strongly serpentinized pre‐impact sub‐volcanic, ultramafic basanite/dolerite), and (c) 7 cross‐cut mineral veins of anhydride and silica. Most recovered microbial taxa resemble those found in hydrothermal systems. Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that the borehole temperature, which gradually increased from 47 to 69°C with core depth, significantly shaped a subset of the vertically stratified modern microbial community composition in the granitic basement rocks. However, bacterial communities differed significantly between the impoverished shattered granites and nutrient‐enriched non‐granite rocks, even though both lithologies were at similar depths and temperatures. Furthermore, Spearman analysis revealed a strong correlation between the microbial communities and bioavailable chemical compounds and suggests the presence of chemolithoautotrophs, which most likely still play an active role in metal and sulfur cycling. These results indicate that post‐impact microbial niche separation has also occurred in the granitic basement lithologies, as previously shown for the newly formed lithologies. Moreover, our data suggest that the impact‐induced geochemical boundaries continue to shape the modern‐day deep biosphere in the granitic basement underlying the Chicxulub crater.
Citizen blame attributions for government fiscal crises: Experimental evidence from China
Authors: Wei Wenchi , Petrovsky Nicolai , Ni Xing
Published: December 2023

This study conducts a randomized survey experiment to examine the impact of budgeting professionalism, environmental shocks, and fiscal transparency on citizen blame attributions during government fiscal crises. Theoretically, we distinguish between two logics of responsibility attribution: causal responsibility stresses the causal link between an actor's actions and specific phenomena; functional responsibility underlines an actor's legal, moral, or social obligations in relation to such phenomena. Our experiment focuses on empirically testing causal responsibility. Moreover, fiscal transparency may shape citizens' perceptions regarding government fiscal performance and subsequently influence blame attributions. The experimental results show that citizens attribute less blame to government leaders when professional experts play a more important role in the budgeting process, when localities experience severe environmental shocks, or when governments exhibit greater fiscal transparency. These findings support inferences based on the logic of causal responsibility and establish a clear relationship between fiscal transparency and citizen perceptions of government performance.
UK NEQAS and BSHI guideline: Laboratory testing and clinical interpretation of HLA genotyping results supporting the diagnosis of coeliac disease
Authors: Pritchard Deborah , Anand Arthi , De'Ath Amy , Lee Helena , Rees Margaret Tracey
Published: December 2023

Coeliac disease is a common immune‐mediated inflammatory disorder caused by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. While the diagnosis of coeliac disease is based on serological and histological criteria, HLA‐DQ genotyping can be useful, especially in excluding the diagnosis in patients who do not carry the relevant DQ heterodimers: DQA1*05 DQB1*02, DQB1*03:02 or DQA1*02 DQB1*02 (commonly referred to as DQ2.5, DQ8 and DQ2.2, respectively). External quality assessment results for HLA genotyping in coeliac disease have revealed concerning errors in HLA genotyping, reporting and clinical interpretation. In response, these guidelines have been developed as an evidence‐based approach to guide laboratories undertaking HLA genotyping for coeliac disease and provide recommendations for reports to standardise and improve the communication of results.
Prevalence of psychological and mental health symptoms among nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Americas: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Vargas Divane , Volpato Rosa Jacinto , dos Santos Lucas Cardoso , Pereira Caroline Figueira , de Oliveira Sheila Ramos , da Silva Roni Robson , Maciel Marjorie Ester Dias , Fernandes Inaina Lara , de Oliveira Santana Karen , Aguilar Thiago Faustino
Published: December 2023

To assess the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the American continent. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies that estimated the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic was performed through bibliographic database searches. A three‐level meta‐analysis model was used with the inverse variance method, tau was estimated via restricted maximum likelihood and logistic transformation, and heterogeneity was presented as tau2andI2. Of the 7467 studies obtained, 62 were included in the meta‐analysis, which involved 52 270 nursing professionals. The overall prevalence for at least one mental health symptom was 56.3% (50.4%, 62.1%;I2 = 98.6%,p < 0.001). Eight mental health symptoms were found; among them, the most prevalent were burnout (52.1%, 37.1%, 88.8%;I2 = 98.5%,p < 0.001) and fear (52.1%, 30.1%, 73.3%;I2 = 98.1%,p < 0.001). The prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the American continent was high, and strategies should be developed and implemented by managers and government agencies to promote the well‐being, physical and mental health of nursing professionals. Studies like this one are necessary to highlight the need for efforts in the implementation of promotion and prevention actions to be developed by health organisations, managers and leaders with a view to improving the quality of life of nursing workers.
Changes in thermal niche position and breadth of bird assemblages in Spain in relation to increasing temperatures
Authors: Ramón‐Martínez D. , Seoane J.
Published: December 2023

Aim

Animal communities around the world are responding to climate change by altering their taxonomic composition, mainly through an increase in the colonisation rate of warm‐dwelling species and the local extinction of cold‐dwelling ones. We assessed whether the taxonomic composition of bird assemblages in peninsular Spain has changed in accordance with the recent increase in temperature. We also evaluated the role of species thermal affinities and population dynamics on these changes.

Location

Peninsular Spain.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

We compared assemblages reported in the last Spanish breeding bird atlases (1998–2002 vs. 2014–2018) in 10 × 10 km squares. We described species' thermal niches by overlaying global species breeding distributions and world temperature metrics (based on mean, minimum, maximum and range), and then aggregated them to obtain a set of community thermal indices for each assemblage (CTIs and CTR for ranges). Long‐term average temperatures and local current temperatures were related to changes in CTIs using spatial GLMMs, which considered habitat change. We identified the species most responsible for variation in assemblages and regressed species' influence on thermal affinities and population dynamics.

Results

CTIs increased with temperature and warm‐dwelling species became more prevalent to the detriment of cold‐dwelling ones. However, we found a counteracting effect of temperature and habitat. Cold‐dwelling forest species were among the most influential species, mainly through colonisation, while warm‐dwelling farmland species contributed through local extinctions (both attenuated local increases in CTI). The mean thermal breadth of assemblages (CTR) decreased with temperatures.

Main conclusions

The taxonomic composition of bird assemblages shifted in line with the main expectations due to global change (thermophilisation), mainly due to local colonisation of warm‐dwelling species, although it did not show the pattern of thermal homogenisation suggested elsewhere. Our results add further evidence of the interplay between climate warming and land‐use change in the ongoing adjustment of animal communities.
Mapping species richness and evolutionary regions of the genus Myrcia
Authors: Rodrigues Arthur Vinicius , Duarte Leandro
Published: December 2023

Aim

Myrcia is a plant genus exclusive of the Neotropical region and one of the most important components of the tree diversity in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains. However, no mapping of its taxonomic diversity for this region exists. Our aim was to describe the spatial patterns of diversity and biogeographical history for Myrcia in the Neotropical region based on a phylogenetic regionalization.

Location

Neotropics.

Taxon

Genus Myrcia (Myrtaceae).

Methods

We derived distributions for 307 species from occurrence records using buffering and species distribution modelling. We used stacked distributions to generate a richness map of the genus and its clades (sections). In addition, we used phylogenetic regionalization methods to define evolutionary regions (evoregions) and ancestral area reconstruction to reveal the biogeographical history across these evoregions.

Results

We found high species richness in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, with some sections restricted to the East coast of South America, while others were widespread across the Neotropics. We defined five evoregions, named A–E; the ancestral reconstruction revealed that Myrcia originated in evoregion B, under a tropical climate, with further specialization of distant‐related lineages to the colder environmental condition in evoregion A.

Main Conclusions

High species richness of Myrcia in South America eastern coast and in the Brazilian highlands coincides with the evoregions with most diversification. Our genus‐specific regionalization together with the ancestral area reconstruction showed that evoregions A and B were the main evolutionary regions where diversification took place. In addition, the biogeographical history of the group suggests that some lineages have adaptations to deal with colder environments, that probably evolved in response to cooling periods since the mid‐Miocene.
Influence of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) following florfenicol administration
Authors: Older Caitlin E. , Griffin Matt J. , Richardson Bradley M. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Reifers J. Grant , Goodman Penelope M. , Ware Cynthia , Gatlin Delbert M. , Wise David J. , Yamamoto Fernando Y.
Published: December 2023

Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), caused by the gram‐negative enteric bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri, is a significant threat to catfish aquaculture in the southeastern United States. Antibiotic intervention can reduce mortality; however, antibiotic use results in an imbalance, or dysbiosis, of the gut microbiota, which may increase susceptibility of otherwise healthy fish to enteric infections. Herein, recovery of the intestinal microbiota and survivability of channel catfish in response to ESC challenge was evaluated following a 10‐day course of florfenicol and subsequent probiotic or prebiotic supplementation. Following completion of florfenicol therapy, fish were transitioned to a basal diet or diets supplemented with a probiotic or prebiotic for the remainder of the study. Digesta was collected on Days 0, 4, 8 and 12, beginning on the first day after cessation of antibiotic treatment, and gut microbiota was characterized by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region). Remaining fish were challenged with E. ictaluri and monitored for 32 days post‐challenge. Florfenicol administration resulted in dysbiosis characterized by inflated microbial diversity, which began to recover in terms of diversity and composition 4 days after cessation of florfenicol administration. Fish fed the probiotic diet had higher survival in response to ESC challenge than the prebiotic (p = .019) and negative control (p = .029) groups.
Oncologic, fertility, and obstetric outcomes with MPA therapy in women with endometrial cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Takeda Asuka , Yamamoto Yuri , Tamura Kou , Aoki Hidenori , Noguchi Hiroki , Minato Saki , Kamada Shuhei , Arakaki Ryosuke , Kaji Takashi , Iwasa Takeshi
Published: December 2023

Aim

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is one of the treatments of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and endometrial cancer (EC) to preserve the fertility. Efficacy of MPA therapy and fertility and obstetric outcomes after remission were evaluated in EC or AEH patients.

Methods

Among patients diagnosed with EC or AEH at Tokushima University Hospital between January 2002 and October 2020, we retrospectively analyzed patients, ages range from 26 to 40, who underwent conservative management using MPA (400–600 mg/day).

Results

In total, 19 patients underwent MPA therapy. The 18 (94%) patients achieved complete response (CR), and 1 (5%) patient achieved partial response (PR). Relapse occurred in 6 (32%) patients who had achieved CR. Of the patients who relapsed, 4 patients resumed MPA therapy and were in remission. Among 19 patients, 13 patients attempted pregnancy after CR. All of them underwent ovulation induction or assisted reproductive technology. As a result, 20 pregnancies in 10 (77%) patients and 12 live births in 9 (69%) patients were achieved. Rate of spontaneous abortion was 35% (7/20).

Conclusions

MPA therapy can produce a high remission rate, and be considered an effective treatment for patients who wish fertility preservation. Around 70% patients who attempt to pregnancy can have at least one baby by infertility treatments. Because recurrence rate after MPA therapy is high, it may be desirable to aim for early pregnancy by active intervention.
Masticatory performance, self‐perception of oral health, oral health‐related quality of life and nutritional status of completely edentulous elderly patients submitted to different rehabilitation treatments: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jabr Camila Luiz , Oliveira Lucas Portela , Pero Ana Carolina , de Assis Mollo Júnior Francisco , Filho João Neudenir Arioli
Published: December 2023

Background

The impact of treatments on completely edentulous individuals on masticatory performance (MP), oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), nutritional status (NS) and socio‐economic profile (SP) is unclear in the literature.

Objective

To compare the MP, OHRQoL, NS and SP of totally edentulous elderly users of bimaxillary complete dentures (CD) and users of lower implant‐supported fixed complete dentures (IFCD).

Methods

Forty participants were allocated into groups according to rehabilitation treatment (n = 20): bimaxillary CD (G1) and lower IFCD, and upper CD (G2). The evaluation of MP used almonds by the method of sieves. Four questionnaires (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index–GOHAI and Oral Health Impact Profile Edent–OHIP‐Edent, Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria–ABEP and Mini Nutritional Assessment‐MNA) were applied to assess the OHRQoL, SP and NS of the elderly, respectively. After evaluating the statistical assumptions, the Mann–Whitney (α = .05) test was applied to compare the groups regarding MP, OHRQoL, NS and SP. Spearman's correlation (α = .05) was performed to verify the correlation between the MP, the OHRQoL and the NS of the participants.

Results

G2 showed better MP (p < .05) in all masticatory cycles, OHRQoL (p < .05) and NS than the G1. However, the participants' self‐perception of oral health did not differ between groups (p < .05). A moderate negative correlation was found between MP and OHRQoL for 40 masticatory cycles (r2 = −0.513; p = .001).

Conclusion

Individuals rehabilitated with IFCD had a higher average monthly family income and achieved superior behaviour in MP and OHRQoL, in addition to lower risks of malnutrition when compared to individuals using bimaxillary CD.
Upper turnaround point in a reentry circuit of the idiopathic left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Nam Gi‐Byoung , Kim June Hong , Kim Jun , Choi Kee‐Joon , Kim You‐Ho
Published: December 2023

Background

The anatomic extent of the reentry circuit in idiopathic left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia (LPF‐VT) is yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that entrainment mapping could be used to delineate the reentry circuit of an LPF‐VT, especially including the upper turnaround point.

Methods

Twenty‐three consecutive LPF‐VT patients (mean age, 29 ± 9 years, 18 males) were included. We performed overdrive pacing with entrainment attempts at the left bundle branch (LBB) and the left His bundle (HB) region.

Results

Overdrive pacing from the LBB region showed concealed fusion in all 23 patients (post‐pacing interval [PPI], 322.1 ± 64.3 ms; tachycardia cycle length [TCL], 319.0 ± 61.6 ms; PPI‐TCL, 3.1 ± 4.6 ms) with a long stimulus‐to‐QRS interval (287.9 ± 58.0 ms, approximately 90% of the TCL). Pacing from the same LBB region at a slightly faster pacing rate showed manifest fusion with antidromic conduction to the LBB and minimal in‐and‐out time to the LBB potential (PPI‐TCL, 21.3 ± 13.7 ms). Overdrive pacing from the left HB region showed manifest fusion with a long PPI‐TCL (53.9 ± 22.5 ms).

Conclusions

Our pacing study results suggest that the upper turnaround point in a reentry circuit of the LPF‐VT may extend to the proximal His‐Purkinje conduction system near the LBB region but below the left HB region. The LPF may constitute the retrograde limb of the reentry circuit.
The Western Australian Mesothelioma Registry: Analysis of 60 years of cases
Authors: Brims Fraser , Kumarasamy Chellan , Menon Lalitha , Olsen Nola , de Klerk Nick , Franklin Peter
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective

Australia introduced a partial ban on asbestos consumption in 1984. There is continuing concern about exposure to asbestos in the built environment and non‐occupational exposures. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological trends of mesothelioma in Western Australia (WA) over the 60 years since the first case was recorded.

Methods

Every case of mesothelioma notified to the WA Cancer Registry is reviewed by an expert panel. Data include demographic and clinical variables including principal mode of asbestos exposure and age at first exposure. Trends over time for survival, latency and pathological subtype of mesothelioma where analysed. Incidence rates for cases exposed during home renovation where calculated.

Results

Two thousand seven hundred ninety‐six cases of mesothelioma were identified with males comprising the majority (n = 2368, 84.7%). The median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 70 (62–78) years, and median latency of 47 (38–55) years. Pleural mesothelioma was recorded in 2620 (93.7%) cases with the epithelioid subtype most prevalent (n = 1730, 61.9%). Overall, median survival was 298 (128–585) days and latency 46 (37–54) years, both effectively doubling over the study period. Non‐occupational exposures were proportionally higher in females (52.6%), compared with males (9.5%). Home renovation was the primary exposure in 227 (8.1%) cases, with number of cases and incidence rate ratio peaking in 2005/09 but subsequently decreasing.

Conclusion

The annual number of cases of mesothelioma in WA may have hit a plateau. The majority of females have non‐occupational exposures and incidence rates from home renovation exposure may have peaked, suggesting the ban on asbestos has been effective.
Dentofacial manifestations in a child with Jalili syndrome
Authors: Ravi Mugilan , Karthikeyan Pavithra Devi , Tewari Nitesh , Morankar Rahul , Gupta Amit Kumar , Nehta Hemlata , Raghuthaman Sruthila
Published: December 2023

Jalili syndrome (JS) (MIM#217080) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with oculo‐dental malformations. The clinical phenotype is characterized by the presence of Cone‐Rod Dystrophy (CRD) and Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI). Genetic mechanism entails a mutation in the CNNM4, a metal transporter gene located on Chromosome 2q11.2. A high fluoride concentration in groundwater has also been identified as an epigenetic factor in this syndrome. JS draws the attention of dentists due to its distinct oral manifestations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genetically confirmed pediatric case report from the Indian subcontinent emphasizing the clinical and radiographic features of this condition and its management in a 6‐year‐old child.
Equivariant resolutions over Veronese rings
Authors: Almousa Ayah , Perlman Michael , Pevzner Alexandra , Reiner Victor , VandeBogert Keller
Published: December 2023

Working in a polynomial ring , where is an arbitrary commutative ring with 1, we consider the th Veronese subalgebras , as well as natural ‐submodules inside . We develop and use characteristic‐free theory of Schur functors associated to ribbon skew diagrams as a tool to construct simple ‐equivariant minimal free ‐resolutions for the quotient ring and for these modules . These also lead to elegant descriptions of for all and for any pair of these modules .
STANDARTIZATION OF IMMUNOGENICITY OF INACTIVATED VACCINE QAZVAC AGAINST CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 FROM AN EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT STRAIN
Authors: Myrzakhmetova B.Sh. , Zhapparova G.A. , Bissenbayeva K.B. , Toytanova A.S. , Tuyskanova M.S. , Nakhanova G.D. , Nurabayev S.Sh. , Zhugunissov K.D. , Kutumbetov L.B.
Published: December 2023

This article presents the results of studies on the standardization of the immunogenicity of the domestic QazVac vaccine using different methods to recommend the available ones for use in laboratories that do not require special biological protection. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was assessed by specific antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, for the detection of which a neutralization reaction and ELISA method were used. Syrian hamsters were taken as model animals. Commercial kits produced by ID-Vet, France, JSC VECTOR-BEST, Russia, as well as experimental samples of the kit manufactured at the Research Institute of Biochemical Biochemistry were used as ELISA test systems. The results obtained showed that in Syrian hamsters vaccinated with the vaccine, from the 14th day of observation, specific virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected in the neutralization reaction in 100% of cases.