bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВА БАЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ В НІМЕЧЧИНІ
Authors: Дяченко Людмила
Published: December 2021

An important aspect of the education system reform is the legislative support of its functioning. On the way to creating a "new Ukrainian school" it is also important to standardize the professional training of teachers. In this context, it is advisable to refer to the German experience of regulatory and legal support for the training of future teachers. The purpose of the article is to describe the legal acts that became the basis for reforming the system of professional pedagogical education in Germany in the beginning of the XXI century. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization), based on which the state of professional pedagogical teacher training in Germany at the beginning of the XXI century was revealed; chronological analysis, which made it possible to consider the Reformation transformations of pedagogical education in Germany in chronological order; analysis of documents, which contributed to the study of the legal framework for teacher training. The legal framework for professional teacher training in Germany consists of federal and regional legislation and regulations of the Standing Conference of the Länder Education and Culture Ministers, in particular: the Basic Law of Germany (Constitution); Framework Law "On Higher Education"; land laws "On Higher Education", "On Teacher Training", "On Civil Service", "On School Education"; orders of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural: "On the organization of the first state exam", "On the organization of the second state exam", "On the organization of internships". The processes of creating the European Higher Education Area have become a leading factor in changes in legislation and regulations governing teacher training. The decentralization of management of the German education system provides diversity, creates competitive conditions, allows to quickly resolve issues at the level of individual land, taking into account the needs of the local population, in particular to control the training process. At the same time, it causes differences in the education system at the federal level. The German education management system is often referred to as cooperative federalism, as there is a constant search for the optimal relationship between centralization and decentralization of education management.
Компоненти, критерії та рівні особистісно-професійної зрілості майбутнього вчителя
Authors: Галузяк Василь
Published: December 2021

Personal and professional maturity is considered as an integral multidimensional characteristic of the personality of the future teacher, providing self-organization of the life and professional path, achieving inner harmony and establishing constructive relationships with other people. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical sources, four structural components and corresponding criteria of personal and professional maturity of future teachers are identified: the value-motivational criterion is characterized by the structure of value orientations, in which intraindividual and interindividual orientation vectors are harmoniously combined; the personal-dispositional criterion reflects the development of professionally important personality qualities; the cognitive criterion is characterized by the formation of dialectical professional thinking; the functional criterion is manifested in such indicators of personal maturity as independence, self-determination, self-organization, responsibility, activity, personal and professional self-improvement. A comprehensive account of these criteria and indicators made it possible to determine three levels of personal and professional maturity of the future teacher: pre-subject, transitional and subject. The pre-subjective level correlates with the status of diffuse or predetermined identity, when students do not have a stable system of professional values and beliefs or passively accept the professional norms and values offered to them without their critical reflection and self-determination regarding them. The transitional level corresponds to the status of the moratorium, when students have not yet developed their own professional position, but strive to form it, actively seek their pedagogical credo, try to self-define themselves regarding professional values, concepts and approaches. The subjective level of personal and professional maturity correlates with the status of the achieved identity, when students form a relatively stable professional position after a period of active searches, doubts and critical assessments. Such students have self-determined themselves in the space of professional values, have formed clear ideas about themselves as a subject of pedagogical activity, have defined a system of their own priorities.
Сучасні зарубіжні теорії викладання іноземних мов
Authors: Шахов Володимир , Лебедєва Наталія
Published: December 2021

The article considers the currently widespread foreign theories of learning foreign languages. Effective training of foreign language teachers requires a theoretical basis for language teaching – a statement of general principles that ensure learning, including the specification of key variables in language teaching and their relationship. The formation of the principles and content of foreign language teacher training depends on the following components: description of effective language teaching processes, development of the theory of the nature of effective language teaching, development of principles of language teacher training. Creating such a concept is impossible only by studying the learning process itself. Theoretical background is needed in this process. The author of the article analyzed a number of theories in terms of their applied component of foreign language teaching. Several theoretical models, according to the author, are the most relevant for teachers: 1) Theory of acculturation; 2) Theory of linguistic universals; 3) Interlingual theory; 4) Discourse theory; 5) Cognitive theory; 6) Krashen monitor model; and 7) Theory of cooperative learning. As a rule, theories of language acquisition are divided into five general categories, which are based on concepts: 1) behaviorism, emphasizing the role of conditionality; 2) interactionism, emphasizing the communicative, social needs, purpose and formulation: 3) cognitivism, emphasizing the logical, intellectual processes; 4) nativist or biological explanation, emphasizing innate genetic abilities; and 5) student emphasis and learning strategies. The author of the article insists that the study of strategy for students is a combination of these theoretical and practical components. This gives researchers another characteristic of the student, which is taken into account in the equation of factors that they can take into account, determining how and with what degree of effectiveness the second language is learned. For practitioners or teachers of English, it is a problem to apply the knowledge gained from the systematic observation of students' perceptions of their learning. Thus, this case, the ultimate goal of which is autonomous and effective language learning, depends on the cooperation of researchers, curriculum experts, material developers, class teachers and learners.
Використання телекомунікаційних технологій у підготовці менеджерів туристичної індустрії
Authors: Фадєєва Тетяна
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the specifics of using computer technologies in the field of training managers for the tourism industry. Pedagogical goals and directions of using new telecommunications technologies in the training of tourism managers are defined. The directions of using new telecommunications technologies are outlined. It is noted that the process of informatization of education and The Associated use of the possibilities of new information technologies in the educational process cause not only a change in organizational forms and methods of teaching, but also the emergence of new teaching methods. The article analyzes the pedagogical conditions for the introduction of telecommunications technologies that provide a scientifically based approach to informatization of the educational process. The content of methodological principles that provide a purposeful long-term psychological and pedagogical impact on the personal and professional development of future tourism managers in the modern telecommunications environment is revealed. The purpose and conditions of organizing the educational and information environment of the college are considered. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a computer textbook. It is noted that various ways of organizing teleconferences allow students to independently form their own views on events, realize the essence of many phenomena, explore them from different positions, solve problems together, ask each other different questions, share creative plans and ideas. The article analyzes the skills that provide independent search work carried out with the help of telecommunications technologies. Attention is drawn to the use of the capabilities of telecommunications technologies in relation to the project method, since this method is based on the development of cognitive skills of students, their skills to independently construct knowledge, navigate in the information space. The advantages and disadvantages of knowledge control carried out using telecommunications technologies are analyzed.
АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ГУМАНІСТИЧНІ ЧИННИКИ ВИХОВАННЯ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТІ СУЧАСНОЇ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Столяренко ОЛЕНА , Столяренко Оксана
Published: December 2021

The article describes the anthropological and humanistic factors of teaching tolerance to modern youth. Training of a person is influenced by different social institutions, which ensure the reproduction of socio-cultural experience in his consciousness, behavioral models and kinds of activities. The results are represented in his educational level, which defines the person’s attitude to himself and the others. The values adopted from the society are at the heart of attitudes. Nowadays the dominant factor is the formation of the basic values of humanism. The principle of human-centeredness in the sphere of education is defined as a personality-oriented educational process. The anthropological concept is based on anthropocentric model of education. According to this model the person is considered to be the highest value and the open system. The main task of education is the creation of an environment fostering everyone’s self-development. Anthropologism is closely connected with the humanistic principles of educational process and based on the laws of personality development, contributes to the formation of youth’s value-centered attitude to a person. The commonly accepted scientific principle of human-centeredness is considered here as a personality-centered educational process. The suggested here anthropocentric model regards a person as an open system; education process is viewed as the environmental creation, capable of self-development. From the anthropological humanistic point of view, educational process is implemented in such a way, when interests, believes of each person are respected. Pedagogical anthropology presents a complex set of human existence characteristics; it is closely connected with the principles of humanistic education. Anthropological educational concepts are described in the article, a fragment of the study concerning the improving the pupils’ level of a value-centered attitude to a person process is presented, the results of work are summarized. The dynamics analysis of teaching a value-centered attitude to a person to pupils of different age groups has proved the suitability of the author's technology. At all stages of the experiment positive changes concerning basic humanistic values mastering, which was implemented in behavior and value-centered attitude to a person took place in the personality’s structure by the cognitive, motivational, operational and productive criteria. Tolerance is regarded in terms of anthropologic concept.
ГОТОВНІСТЬ ДО ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО САМОРОЗВИТКУ ВЧИТЕЛЯ
Authors: Фрицюк Валентина , Фрицюк Василь
Published: December 2021

«The readiness of prospective teacher for continuous professional self-development» is considered as the student’s ability to purposeful reflexive activities, which is associated with design and implementation of quality changes in personality’s identity and practical realization of subjective experience in the field of professional self-determination and self-realization on the basis of conscious self-regulation of own educational and professional activities. Modern school and society need a teacher who is ready to work in an innovative mode. The readiness of the teacher for innovative activity is defined in the article as an integrative quality of personality, which combines personal and operational components, ensures the effectiveness of this activity. The readiness of the teacher for innovative activity in the article is shown in the structure of "readiness for professional self-development". It has the following main elements: motivational (the presence of a conscious need, stable motives for certain activities, responsibility for tasks); cognitive (the presence of a certain level of knowledge necessary for the successful implementation of this activity and self-development); procedural (choice of purpose, methods, means of self-development). The stingray proves that innovation is not just the creation and implementation of innovations, it is changes that are significant in nature, accompanied by changes in the style of activity, the way of thinking of its subjects. The category of novelty refers not only to time but also to the qualitative characteristics of change. Each of these components involves the dynamics of change. Together, they reflect the content of the readiness of future teachers for professional self-development. Characterization of the essence and structure of readiness of future teachers for continuous professional self-development helps to develop criteria and indicators for quality diagnosis. These components of the readiness of future teachers for continuous professional self-development are interrelated. Together they are a holistic personal formation. Each of the components of readiness has its components. They are presented as separate structural units.
Distinguishing the concept of mentoring in the National police of Ukraine from related concepts.
Authors: Karpenko Oleksandr , Zelenskyi Yevhen
Published: December 2021

The purpose of writing this scientific article is to determine the features of mentoring in the National Police of Ukraine on the basis of distinguishing this concept from related concepts. In order to achieve this goal, the author defines a range of concepts related to mentoring in the National Police, which will analyze in the work: training, coaching, consulting, mentoring, supervision. The paper emphasizes the need to adapt mentoring in the National Police of Ukraine to the modern realities of Ukrainian society and to modernize it to European standards. An example of an attempt to implement this thesis is the introduction of the institute of mentors in the patrol police of Ukraine in 2019. Mentoring in the patrol police is the first step towards overcoming urgent problems with the young potential of the police. In the future, it is proposed to determine the legal basis for the implementation of this and similar institutions in the police. According to the author, the method of supervision can be introduced into the internal activities of the National Police of Ukraine after careful preparation and definition of the main methodological goals, objectives and methods of application. However, the institution of supervision is not identical to mentoring, as it has a number of differences: their subjects and objects, as well as the relationship between them. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory use of training in the process of professional training of police officers: initial training; training in higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions; postgraduate education; job training. But the key difference between training and mentoring is the acquisition of knowledge in artificially created conditions or in real life situations during the performance of police duties. The author considers coaching a necessary element for mentoring in the National Police of Ukraine. The mentor should not indicate the algorithm of actions for the police officer, not solve work tasks by his own example, but give the police officer the opportunity to make decisions independently, perform actions under the strict supervision of the mentor with prior and subsequent analysis of the work situation. The paper focuses on the inappropriateness of the use of consulting in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine, as the police officer has no opportunity not to follow the recommendations, instructions, orders, etc.
Adaptation of standards of provision of government electronic services in Ukraine in the conditions of digital transformation.
Authors: Rezvorovych Krystyna
Published: December 2021

The article considers the issues of digital transformation in the legal field of electronic services. Ukraine has carried out a number of reforms regarding the digitization of paper documents and the transition to European norms of EU countries and Council of Europe standards. The article presents the main pillars of digital transformation, approved by the UN. The authors consider the dynamics of the EGDI-index and E-Participation index in Ukraine, EGDI sub-indices for 2003-2020, which reflects significant differences in the development of digital technologies and the decline of the Human capital index. Created in 2020, the online platform «Action» is gradually being filled with new types of services and databases of State Registers. The article raises the issue of taking into account the current territorial state of Ukraine, part of which is annexed in the Crimea and occupied in the Donbass, which complicates the provision of electronic services to internally displaced persons. As a result, there are constant legal conflicts with the documents of temporarily displaced persons, who lose the right to buy real estate, issue loans, pensions, intellectual property rights, and other property rights. It provides an overview of e-identification, authentication and trust services (eIDAS), which provides the basis for cross-border electronic identification, authentication and certification in the EU and should be implemented simultaneously in Ukraine. The authors generalized the legal norms on the introduction of the “paperless” regime in Ukraine and the validity of electronic documents: e-passports, e-birth certificate; IDP ID; e-student ticket. The Concept of e-Government development in Ukraine on the unresolved issue of electronic identification and authentication of individuals and legal entities in interaction with the authorities is analyzed. The article summarizes a number of legal conflicts with the presence of paper and electronic documents in the State Registers, the absence of which makes it impossible for temporarily displaced persons to receive electronic services.
Tasks and functions of lawyer in administrative procedure.
Authors: Guseynli Alaskar
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to define the tasks and functions of a lawyer in the process of his/her representation within the administrative procedure. The study was made using such methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison. It is concluded that a lawyer as a representative in administrative proceedings is a procedural person who performs legal actions within certain tasks, powers granted to him on behalf and in the interests of the person who entered into a contract with him to provide legal assistance to protect rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person he represents. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the lawyer's activity in administrative proceedings and research of his functions and tasks in administrative proceedings. It has been noted that the list of lawyer's functions is not exhaustive. Representative and advisory functions are only the basis of a lawyer's activity in the field of administrative proceedings. Ancillary functions in the activities of a lawyer in administrative proceedings can be defined as functions such as preventive, restorative and protective ones. The author has concluded that a lawyer as a representative in administrative proceedings is a procedural person who performs legal actions within the powers granted to him on behalf and in the interests of the person who entered into a contract with him to provide legal assistance to protect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person. which he represents. The term «lawyer's task in administrative proceedings» should be defined as well-defined, clearly planned scope of work performed by a lawyer in administrative proceedings to protect, represent interests or provide other legal assistance to a client necessary to resolve an administrative case. For the professional solution of tasks in administrative proceedings the lawyer is endowed with the corresponding functions which are the basic directions of activity which are realized by it for protection, representation and rendering of other legal help to the client in administrative case.
On the expenditure of distinctioning the concepts of «preventive measures» and «preventive measures» in the activities of the National police of Ukraine.
Authors: Tsurkalenko Dmytro
Published: December 2021

The article emphasizes that today one of the main vectors of the National Police 'businesses are aimed at preventing offenses, the so-called preventive or preventive activity. In view of this, the terms «preventive activity» and «preventive activity» were investigated in detail, which is carried out by the employees of the National Police of Ukraine. And the purpose of the article is an analysis of preventive measures and preventive measures in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine through the prism of modern legislation, retreating and providing definitions. Thus, having analyzed the current legislation and scientific revision of modern scientists, the author provides author's definitions of these terms. Preventive measures This is a narrower concept under which it is understood clearly defined in the Law or Complex of Police Actions applicable in accordance with the current legislation to ensure the implementation of the requirements that restrict certain rights and freedoms of man and the use of which do not is always associated with an unlawful behavior of specific individuals. In turn, preventive measures are the actions of the police aimed at preventing the offenses and preventing their teaching, eliminating their reasons and conditions that cause them. And concluded that speaking of any prevention measures that are used by policemen to prevent / prevent any kind of offenses it is expedient to use the very term «preventive measures», and the term «preventive measures» is used only in case when it comes to events provided by the Law of Ukraine «On National Police». Because, preventive police and prophylactic measures of the police are different concepts. And in its daily activities, representatives of the National Police of Ukraine must use them appropriate and not confused with each other. Given the fact that this can complicate the daily police officer directed to crime prevention.
On determining the circle of domestic violence victims.
Authors: Bespal Olha
Published: December 2021

It was stated that the problem of domestic violence for Ukraine remains relevant. This is evidenced not only by official statistics, but also by the number of people seeking help. A positive step in combating domestic violence is to complement the Criminal Code of Ukraine Art. 126-1. However, the disposition of this article contains some inaccuracies, among them the need to clarify which persons fall under the protection of this article. There is a similar problem in the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine, which the working group is currently working on. The article notes that an understanding of who may be victims of domestic violence as a criminal offense has a great scientific and practical importance. Because it will affect not only the correct criminal law qualification and the imposition of a fair and sufficient punishment, but also the application (or non-application) of restrictive measures against the offender, depending on how the person's actions will be qualified. The author analyzed the concepts of «close relations», «family relations», «close persons». As a result, it was concluded that these categories do not cover all persons protected by the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention and Counteraction to Domestic Violence». Therefore, to eliminate the inconsistency of criminal law with this Law, it is proposed in the disposition of Art. 126-1 «Domestic violence» of the Criminal Сode of Ukraine the phrase «concerning the spouse or the former spouse or other person with whom the guilty is (was) in family or close relations» and also in Art. 4.7.3. «Domestic violence» of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine shall replace the phrase «concerning a spouse or other close person, including a former one» replaced by «concerning a person covered by the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention and Counteraction to Domestic Violence».
Problems and competence of police during enforcement of judgments related to imprisonment.
Authors: Tinin Dmytro , Tymofieiev Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

Today, a certain conflict in judicial practice, the current criminal procedural and criminal-executive legislation of Ukraine is the procedure for execution of court sentences related to imprisonment, from the moment they enter into force. At the legislative level, the limits of competence of the National Police officers remain unresolved after the receipt of such a sentence to any police unit and the procedure for their execution. When enforcing a court sentence, law enforcement officers have a number of problems that make it impossible to enforce it, or even inaction is formed on their part. As a result, these factors contribute to convicts evading punishment or committing other crimes at this time. To date, the legislator does not define the competence of the National Police and does not include in its responsibilities the execution of court decisions related to imprisonment. However, when deciding on the determination of the body that will execute such a decision, the judicial institution is guided only at its own discretion or by the materials of the criminal proceedings in which it will be adopted. To solve such problems, it is necessary to correctly determine the procedure for each body to perform its functions. Such decisions cannot be made by the heads of structural subdivisions alone, and therefore this leads to the solution of this problem at the level of departmental management with further amendments to the legislation governing the activities of their sectoral services.
Characteristics of methods of evaluation of personnel of forensic expert institutions.
Authors: Petrova Iryna
Published: December 2021

The article states that to determine the ability of a specialist to perform official duties and his professionalism, evaluation of employees is used, which allows to identify their professional abilities, highlights personal qualities and prospects, which is especially important for forensic activities. It is emphasized that depending on the purpose and objectives of evaluation in some institutions use different types of evaluation of employees, which are classified on many grounds. The article presents the classification of evaluation methods on such grounds as: features of the subject and the evaluation process itself; by its content; by regularity; depending on the evaluation period; depending on the evaluation criteria; by systematic evaluation; by the subject of evaluation; according to the professional and functional structure of the evaluated. It is stated that the structure of comprehensive evaluation of employees of forensic institutions can be presented in the form of a model that covers three groups of characteristics: the employee in terms of his business and personal qualities; labor (business) behavior; performance of work, its results and outlines the components of each of them. It is established that the method of comprehensive assessment can be used to assess all categories of employees: workers, specialists and managers. However, it is noted that the evaluation of the work of different categories of employees of the forensic institution has its own specific tasks, indicators, methods of identifying and measuring the results of work. It is noted that these problems can be solved using evaluation methods: direct – they are used to evaluate the direct results of the work of specialists and managers, or the results of the work of their subordinate team; indirect – when it is not the result of the activity that is evaluated, but the course of performance of tasks by employees, their realization of their functional responsibilities.
The right to information in criminal proceedings in the context of international legal standards.
Authors: Pchelina Oksana
Published: December 2021

It has been noted that such activities are a sphere of public life, which is inextricably linked with the need and possibility of coercion, which clearly indicates the restriction of certain human rights and freedoms to ensure the effectiveness of pre-trial investigation and trial. The provisions of international legal acts proclaiming and ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms in criminal proceedings have been analyzed. It has been emphasized that in the specified international legal acts there is no interpretation of the right to information, and also it is not considered as the separate right. The essence of the right to information and its place in the system of human rights and freedoms has been determined. The author’s understanding of the concept of the right to information in criminal proceedings has been offered, its content has been revealed and its compliance with international standards of human rights and freedoms has been clarified. The right to information in criminal proceedings has been defined as the possibility and procedure for obtaining, using, disseminating, storing and protecting information provided by the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine, which determines the principles of criminal proceedings and ensures the solution of its tasks. It has been emphasized that the right to information in criminal proceedings in the context of international legal standards is multifaceted in nature, which allows us to consider it in several aspects, namely as: the basis of criminal proceedings; providing information on procedural rights; informing the person about his / her detention, suspicion / accusation of committing a criminal offense; gaining access to information on material evidence; a ban on the disclosure of information obtained during the pre-trial investigation and court proceedings, and its use not to solve the problems of criminal proceedings.
Basic principles of construction of methodical of criminalistic support judicial proceedings.
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yuriy
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the formation of key principles of construction of methodical criminalistic recommendations and their complexes, designed to optimize court proceedings, including: – the principle of legality, which means full and accurate compliance with the algorithms for resolving criminalistic situations, which are formed at the stage of court proceedings, the content of current legislation, ethical norms and moral principles; – the principle of theoretical validity and practical applicability, which requires a strong scientific substantiation and proven in practice the effectiveness of the proposed odical recommendations, which take into account both positive experience and errors and shortcomings in the work of judges in criminal cases; – the principle of specificity, which provides the reality of tactical recommendations for working with evidence, the completeness and effectiveness of the developed algorithms, the certainty and accuracy of their content and its compliance with modern judicial practice, objectivity and typicality of situations faced by subjects of criminalistic activity on stage of court proceedings; – the principle of promptness, which means the optimal combination of procedural and criminalistic tools in order to achieve the overall goal of criminal proceedings and aims to develop the methodical criminalistic complexes to ensure the optimal pace of litigation, when the least time achieves the greatest effect of procedural activities; – the principle of planning (phasing), which requires that all processes, actions, operations in court proceedings, carried out on a planned basis, ensuring its progressive movement towards the strategic goal of criminal proceedings, which requires differentiation of methodical algorithms developed by criminalistics in accordance with successive stages of court proceedings; – the principle of situationality (situational conditionality), which is the priority of creating algorithms for resolving typical situations that arise at the relevant stages of the proceedings and are characteristic of all or most criminal cases, regardless of the criminal qualification of the event under investigation.
Theoretical and praxeological principles use of specialized knowledge in the investigation of state-funded health care crimes.
Authors: Shapovalov Dmytro
Published: December 2021

Provides a forensic analysis of budget crimes in the field of health care, clarifies the nature of these crimes and identifies a variety of areas of criminal encroachment. Some elements of the forensic characterization of the crime that basically determine the further use of specialized knowledge, in particular, the structure of methods of committing crimes and their classification, the types of traces left while committing the crimes related to health care public funding. The general terms and the structure of the studied scientific category are characterized. It has been established that budget crimes in general and their varieties in some areas have been studied by domestic and former Soviet scientists from both forensic and criminal law points of view. Crimes related to public funding of health care were considered partly in the framework of budget crimes study and mainly covered the misuse of budget funds, crimes committed by officials, public procurement, and so on. It has been proved that this area of criminal activity is much wider. It was found out that offenses related to the misuse of budget funds in the field of health care included criminal acts committed in the preparation, review, approval and implementation of budgets, as well as in the control of budget execution. Some scientific achievements were proved to have lost their relevance due to the legislative changes, reform of the health care system, redistribution of allocated budget funds, constant transformations of state medical programs, such as: reimbursement of funds spent on drugs; provision of medicines to patients with diabetes and cancer; program for the purchase of consumables and equipment for hemodialysis, and so on.
Modern methods of analysis and management of production inventories.
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, Bobyl Volodymyr , Pikulina Olena , Movchan Maryna
Published: December 2021

. The state and efficiency of production inventory management are the main conditions for the successful operation of an enterprise in a market economy. The main purpose of the enterprises' activities is to maximize profits, which can be achieved, inter alia, by increasing the turnover of stocks, when with a smaller warehouse area and lower inventory maintenance costs, the previous volume of sales increases or remains. The authors of the article analyzed modern methods of inventory analysis and management. Each of the considered methods has both advantages and disadvantages, so the use of a certain technique depends on the scope of the enterprise. Inventory management at the enterprise requires a rational inventory movement accounting system. The company should have a system for registering the acquisition and use of stocks. In addition, periodic checks of compliance with the actual availability of inventory and accounting data are required. Based on the conducted research, the main tasks in solving the problems of inventory management are identified: systematization of approaches to inventory management; reduction of costs for their acquisition and storage in warehouses of enterprises; increasing the efficiency of control in solving the tasks facing the enterprise. The existing structure of supplies of production stocks at railway transport enterprises does not allow for the full use of inventory management methods. In such conditions, it is necessary to create a managed system that will enable the use of various methods of management and optimization of production stocks. This system should include efficient logistics and management accounting of production stocks. It is advisable to introduce a system of standard (regulatory) costs in individual structural divisions. The use of combinations of methods for optimizing production stocks at railway transport enterprises will minimize operational costs through effective management of them.
Development of multimodal transportation in the cross-border communication between Ukraine and Europe.
Authors: Charkinа Tetyana , Orlovska Oleksandra , Konyushok Kateryna
Published: December 2021

Modern conditions for the development of the national economy are characterized by the intensification of Ukraine's foreign economic relations with European countries, strengthening mutual understanding between our countries in the business sphere. The European direction, the policy of which is aimed at expanding the capabilities of the Ukrainian transport system in foreign economic activity, needs special consideration. The issues of the current state of multimodal transport in Ukraine in cross-border communication between Ukraine and EU countries are considered. Attention is paid to infrastructure objects as participants in the implementation of multimodal connections. It is characterized by multimodal transportation as one of the ways to organize the delivery of passengers and goods «door to door» to the destination in a much shorter time on the road. They are one of the most promising ways to develop transportation, which allows you to deliver passengers and goods with optimal use of the opportunities involved in the scheme of transport. The essence and necessity of development of transport hubs on the territory of Ukraine as points of cargo handling and storage are revealed. Recommendations for improving the functioning of the multimodal scheme in cross-border communication are given, priorities in foreign economic cooperation are identified. The purpose of the article is to prove the feasibility of introducing mixed multimodal transportation in cross-border traffic between Ukraine and EU countries on the main formation of the transport and logistics hub (HUB) in the Transcarpathian region. Conclusions. The result of the study is to prove the need to optimize the operation of passenger and freight rail transport in the western region on the basis of the formation of transport and logistics hub at the station Mukachevo. Improved approaches to providing transport services using the latest digital technologies are proposed.
Problems and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in a global pandemic.
Authors: Zadoia Viacheslav
Published: December 2021

The author notes that in a global pandemic, global mobility restrictions have led to a deep crisis in international and domestic tourism. Other sectors of the economy related to tourism, such as transport, hotels, restaurants, services, etc., were also affected. Given that the tourism industry is an important component for the formation of the state budget of many countries, and for some countries - the main budget-generating industry, it is clear how important it is to find mechanisms to minimize losses caused by quarantine restrictions on mobility. Governments are trying to find ways to compensate for the loss of revenue caused by the slowdown in tourism growth, which is needed to finance public services, including in the social sphere, environmental protection, agriculture and the financial sector, and to take measures to meet debt maturities, both in the public and in the private segment. Forecasting and identifying trends for the further development of the tourism business and related sectors of the economy in a pandemic is one of the important tasks of analysts, economists, and logisticians from around the world. The measures currently proposed are aimed at reducing the rate of the global pandemic - mass vaccination of the population, regional and local lockdowns, self-isolation of tourists and various migrants, all this does not work in favor of improving the rate of tourist travel. Thus, it can be stated that the global pandemic has affected the entire tourism business - the work of operators, airlines, hotel chains, digital booking platforms, advertising in the media, so we can confidently predict a global contraction of the tourism industry for at least the next five years.
Use of coercion by Ukrainian law enforcement authorities: certain aspects.
Authors: Paida Yuriy
Published: December 2021

The need for scientific research of the grounds for the use of coercion by law enforcement authorities, and especially its component such as physical coercion, is extremely important, as it is possible only if there are sufficient conditions provided by law. The author analyzes the legal and factual grounds for the use of coercion by law enforcement authorities in the field of causal interdependence and interdependence. Police coercive measures, measures to maintain the regime in places of imprisonment and pre-trial detention are revealed. They are applied only in cases when all other forms of pre-trial detention of offenders have been used and have not ensured the fulfillment of duties imposed on law enforcement officers. Emphasis is placed on the fact that each specific case of the use of coercion must have a comprehensive basis (legal and factual). The first component of this set is a dangerous encroachment (act, process, event of objective reality) that threatens harm, or that already harms law enforcement interests (legal basis). The second component is the situation that indicates the impossibility of eliminating, preventing or stopping the specified encroachment in other ways and indicates the need (compulsion) and justification for the use of coercion (factual basis). The author pays special attention to the analysis of Ukrainian legislation in order to study the legal grounds for the use of coercive measures by various law enforcement authorities. These legal relations are regulated by the norms of administrative, criminal procedure and correctional labor law. They clearly outline the desire of the legislator to limit the infliction of harm only to the minimum that is really necessary and sufficient to achieve the socially useful goals provided by law. Causing damage that exceeds this minimum is considered illegal.
Rozwój kultu św. Józefa w Polsce a siedemnastowieczna fundacja kościoła parafialnego pw. św. Józefa Oblubieńca Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Bielinach
Authors: Krzewska Elżbieta , Skrzyniarz Ryszard
Published: December 2021

Dnia 30 października 1637 r. biskup Jakub Zadzik (1582-1642), na prośbę Krzysztofa Jóźwika, właściciela hut szkła w Kokaninie i okolicach, erygował i uposażył parafię pw. św. Józefa Oblubieńca Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Bielinach, miejscowości leżącej w dobrach biskupów krakowskich. Kapituła krakowska zatwierdziła przywileje nadane przez biskupa dla kościoła i włościan. Prawo patronatu nad świątynią objął J. Zadzik. Jeszcze tego samego roku rozpoczęła się jej budowa. K. Jóźwik, jako fundator, czuwał nad wszystkim, pracował przy wznoszeniu murów i troszczył się o wyposażenie kościoła. Zakupił monstran­cję, zabiegał o zainstalowanie organów i przeznaczył środki na utrzymanie or­ganisty. Budowa świątyni trwała niespełna sześć lat i już 14 czerwca 1643 r. biskup krakowski Tomasz Oborski dokonał jej konsekracji. W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, kto zdecydował, że świątyni w małej podkieleckiej miejscowości w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku nadano wezwanie św. Józefa Oblubieńca Najświętszej Maryi Panny. W Polsce w tym czasie takie we­zwanie miało tylko kilka kościołów zakonnych usytuowanych w dużych miastach: Krakowie, Lublinie, Poznaniu. Czy taką decyzję podjął biskup krakowski? Czy na wybór patrona miał wpływ pomysłodawca nowej parafii oraz bu­downiczy kościoła, K. Jóźwik?
Politikfeld: Antisemitismus. Das Berliner Modell der Antisemitismusbekämpfung als Beispiel staatlichen Handelns gegen Antisemitismus
Authors: Salzborn Samuel
Published: December 2021

Antisemitismusbekämpfung ist ein junges Politikfeld mit Blick auf strukturiertes Staatshandeln. Der Beitrag stellt die Relevanz der Antisemitismusbekämpfung und ihre Entstehung als dezidierte staatliche Aufgabe dar, um am Beispiel des Berliner Modells der Antisemitismusbekämpfung exemplarisch zu zeigen, wie diese konkret im staatlichen Handeln umgesetzt wird. Berlin wird aus drei Gründen ausgewählt: Erstens ist das Land Berlin das erste und einzige Bundesland, das über ein ressortübergreifendes Konzept der Antisemitismusbekämpfung verfügt. Zweitens basiert das Berliner Modell auf einer integrativen Zusammenarbeit von staatlichen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Stellen. Drittens ermöglicht der Blick auf Berlin die Perspektive der Verzahnung unterschiedlicher vertikaler Differenzierung von Verwaltung, da das Land Berlin zugleich eine Großstadt ist, die mit ihren zwölf Bezirken über Verwaltungsdimensionen verfügt, die jeweils und für sich genommen denen anderer deutscher Großstädte entsprechen. In Ermangelung einer föderalen Vergleichsperspektive liegt der Schwerpunkt des Beitrags im deskriptivexplorativen Bereich.
Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemisi Döneminde Çevrimiçi Öğrenme
Authors: TELLİ Sahure Gonca , ALTUN Deniz
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 Salgını sonrası geçen yaklaşık bir yıllık süre içinde çevrimiçi eğitim uygulamaları acil durum çözümlerinden uygulanabilir çözümlere doğru bir gelişim göstermiştir. Bu da Yamamoto ve Altun’un, 2020 makalesinde öne sürdükleri çevrimiçi öğrenmenin önlenemeyen yükselişin göstergesi olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu geçişten elde edilen deneyim; hükümet yetkilileri, eğitim kurumlarının yöneticileri, eğitimciler, veliler ve öğrencilerin dahil olduğu tüm paydaşları olumlu/olumsuz yönleriyle etkilemiş ve çevrimiçi eğitim uygulamalarının gelişmesi ve uygulamaların titizlikle ele alınması gerektiği konusunda daha belirgin bir tabloyu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; dünyada ve Türkiye’de Covid-19 pandemisinin çevrimiçi eğitime etkisini ele almak ve pandemi sonrasında gerçekleştirilen çevrimiçi öğrenme konularını ele alan kaynak ve örneklerin incelenmesi, karşılaştırılması, bu dönemde yapılmış akademik araştırmaların değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çerçevede yaşanan sorunları ve eksiklikleri ortaya çıkararak uzaktan eğitimin geleceğine ışık tutacak bir tartışmanın ve geliştirme önerilerinin sunulmasıdır. Araştırmada, doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Literatür taramasından elde edilen bulgulara göre değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.