bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Complexes with Ligands Containing C=N Bond
Authors: Metelitsa A. V. , Burlov A. S. , Bezuglyi S. O. , Borodkina I. G. , Bren V. A. , Garnovskii A. D. , Minkin V. I.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diketopiperazines: Biological Activity and Synthesis
Authors: Martins Maristela B. , Carvalho Ivone
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Fullerene Compounds Containing Negatively Charged Dimers and Coordinatively Bound Anions
Authors: Konarev D. V. , Khasanov S. S. , Lyubovskaya R. N.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
α‐Hydroxyallylation Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Trombini Claudio
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three‐Dimensional Core‐Shell Superstructures: Mechanically Strong Aerogels
Authors: Leventis Nicholas
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photo‐imageable Sol—Gel Hybrid Materials for Simple Fabrication of Micro‐optical Elements
Authors: Kang Dong Jun , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Renaissance of H/D Exchange
Authors: Atzrodt Jens , Derdau Volker , Fey Thorsten , Zimmermann Jochen
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Ligands with an Isoborneol‐10‐sulfonamide Structure: A Ten‐Year Odyssey
Authors: Ramon Diego J. , Yus Miguel
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biosynthesis of the Tunicamycins: A Review
Authors: Price Neil P. J. , Tsvetanova Billyana
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanochemical Decompositions of Halogen‐Containing Compounds by Grinding with Oxides
Authors: Zhang Qiwu , Saito Fumio
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cell‐Penetrating Proline‐Rich Peptidomimetics
Authors: Farrera‐Sinfreu Josep , Giralt Ernest , Royo Miriam , Albericio Fernando
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds by Carbenoid Transfer Reactions
Authors: Ferreira Vitor F.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzoannelated Cyclic Polysulfides
Authors: Kimura T. , Ogawa S. , Sato R.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Activation and Inactivation of Hydrogenase Function and the Catalytic Cycle: Spectroelectrochemical Studies
Authors: De Lacey Antonio L. , Fernandez Victor M. , Rousset Marc , Cammack Richard
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Integrase Inhibitors for Treatment of AIDS: An Overview.
Authors: Dubey Sonal , Satyanarayana Y. D. , Lavania Harshita
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Teaching Bacteria New Tricks — With RNA Switches.
Authors: Hartig Joerg S.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Palo Daniel R. , Dagle Robert A. , Holladay Jamie D.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermochemical Cycles for High‐Temperature Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kodama Tatsuya , Gokon Nobuyuki
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Applications of Inorganic Polymeric Materials. Part 3. Polyphosphazenes
Authors: Honarkar Hengameh , Rahimi Azam
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hazardous Waste Treatment
Authors: Kocurek Dianna S. , Woodside Gayle
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Progress in Density Functional Theory and Its Applications
Authors: Kim Seong‐Gon , Kim Sungho , Houze Jeffery
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Overcoming the Inadequacies or Limitations of Experimental Structures as Drug Targets by Using Computational Modeling Tools and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Marco Esther , Gago Federico
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unsteady Catalytic Processes and Sorption‐Catalytic Technologies
Authors: Zagoruiko A. N.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnetic Resonance Studies of Food Freezing
Authors: Kerr William L.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid‐State NMR of Membrane‐Active Proteins and Peptides
Authors: Gehman John D. , Separovic Frances
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practice of Pharmaceutical Care — Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacoeconomics of Glaucoma
Authors: Ikeda Hiroaki
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Treatment failure after primary and salvage therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Pisters Louis L.
Published: November 2007

Salvage radical prostatectomy and salvage cryotherapy are greatly underused as potentially curative treatments in patients with recurrent prostate cancer after initial radiation therapy.
Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zuckerman Dan S. , Ryan David P.
Published: November 2007

Pancreatic cancer is uniformly fatal unless it can be surgically resected. Survival rates for the 15% to 20% of patients who have resectable disease, however, are a disappointing 10% to 30%, depending on the status of margins and surrounding lymph nodes. In the mid‐1980s, a landmark study by the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group was the first to demonstrate a survival benefit from adjuvant therapy in the form of chemoradiation. Since then, several studies in both North America and Europe have tested the role of adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation in pancreatic cancer, and the results have stirred great controversy. For this review, the evidence for adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer was examined, and the significant practice differences that exist between North American and European oncologists were highlighted. The authors investigated the results from the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer‐1 trial and the reasons why that study has served to reinforce rather than resolve these trans‐Atlantic differences. They also reviewed preliminary data from more recent adjuvant trials and explored the possible benefits of a neoadjuvant approach. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Anisotropic smoothness spaces via level sets
Authors: DeVore Ronald A. , Petrova Guergana , Wojtaszczyk Przemysław
Published: November 2007

It has been understood for sometime that the classical smoothness spaces, such as the Sobolev and Besov classes, are not satisfactory for certain problems in image processing and nonlinear PDEs. Their deficiency lies in their isotropy. Functions in these smoothness spaces must be simultaneously smooth in all directions. The anisotropic generalizations of these spaces also have the deficiency that they are biased in coordinate directions. While they allow different smoothness in certain directions, these directions must be aligned to the coordinate axes. In the application areas mentioned above, it would be desirable to measure smoothness in new ways that would allow one to have more local control over the smoothness directions. We introduce one possible approach to this problem based on defining smoothness via level sets. We present this approach in the case of functions defined on ℝd. Our smoothness spaces depend on two smoothness indices (s1, s2). The first reflects the smoothness of the level sets of the function, while the second index reflects how smoothly the level sets themselves are changing. As a motivation, we start with d = 2 and investigate Besov smooth domains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Requirement of secondary lymphoid tissues for the induction of primary and secondary T cell responses against Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Kursar Mischo , Jänner Nathalie , Pfeffer Klaus , Brinkmann Volker , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi
Published: November 2007

Activation of naive T cells is tightly controlled and depends on cognate interactions with professional antigen‐presenting cells. We analyzed dependency on secondary lymphoid tissues for the activation of naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following primary and secondary Listeria monocytogenes infection, respectively. In splenectomized lymphotoxin‐β receptor‐deficient mice, lacking all secondary lymphoid tissues, oral infection with L. monocytogenes failed to induce bacteria‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Treatment of splenectomized wild‐type mice with FTY720, a drug that prevents egress of T cells from lymph nodes, also reduced T cell responses after oral L. monocytogenes infection and blocked T cell responses after intravenous infection. FTY720‐treated wild‐type and lymphotoxin‐β receptor‐deficient mice show only slightly impaired recall responses. However, T cell responses were profoundly inhibited when mice were splenectomized subsequently to recovery from primary infection. T cell transfer experiments demonstrated that the impaired secondary T cell response was not simply due to removal of a large fraction of memory T cells by splenectomy. Overall, these results indicate that not only primary T cell responses, but also secondary T cell responses, highly depend on the lymphoid environment for effective activation.
Expression of PI(4,5)P2‐binding proteins lowers the PI(4,5)P2 level and inhibits FcγRIIA‐mediated cell spreading and phagocytosis
Authors: Szymańska Ewelina , Sobota Andrzej , Czuryło Edward , Kwiatkowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2007

We found that FcγRII‐mediated cell spreading and phagocytosis were correlated with an increase of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] level in cells. During the spreading, a long‐lasting elevation of PI(4,5)P2 and concomitant actin polymerization occurred. Filopodia and lamellae of spreading cells were enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase Iα (PIP5‐kinase Iα) that colocalized with PI(4,5)P2 and actin filaments. Both spreading and phagocytosis were inhibited by expression of the C374–440 fragment of PIP5‐kinase Iα or the pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase Cδ1 (PLCδ1‐PH), two probes binding PI(4,5)P2. These probes reduced the amount of PI(4,5)P2 in the cells, evoked reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and abolished PI(4,5)P2 elevation during phagocytosis. Simultaneously, PLCδ1‐PH‐GFP reduced the amount of PIP5‐kinase Iα associated with the plasma membrane. In vitro studies demonstrated that PIP5‐kinase Iα‐GST bound PI(4,5)P2, phosphatidylinositol 4‐monophosphate, and less efficiently, phosphatidic acid. The data suggest that the PLCδ1‐PH domain, and possibly also the C374–440 fragment, when expressed in cells, can compete with endogenous PIP5‐kinase Iα for PI(4,5)P2 binding in the plasma membrane leading eventually to PI(4,5)P2 depletion.
Meldola's Blue Immobilized on a SiO2/SnO2/Phosphate Xerogel, a New Sensor for Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Medicine and Commercial Fruit Juice
Authors: de Castilho Rodrigo Ferrari , de Souza Eloana Benassi Ribeiro , da Silva Alfaya Rení Ventura , da Silva Alfaya Antonio Alberto
Published: November 2007

A modified carbon paste electrode with SiO2/SnO2/Phosphate/Meldola's blue, SSPMelB, was used to study the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The adsorbed dye mediates ascorbic acid oxidation at an anodic potential of 0.04 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) at pH 7.0, in 0.5 mol L−1 solution. The linear range of the sensor is between 4.0×10−7 and 2.0×10−3 mol L−1, with a limit of detection of 4.0×10−7 mol L−1. This novel electrode shows good analytical performance for determination of ascorbic acid in medicine and commercial fruit juice.
Osmium Redox Hydrogel Mediated Biosensor for Measurement of Low Concentration Glucose Extracted by Reverse Iontophoresis
Authors: Liu Hongmin , Liu Chunxiu , Jiang Liying , Liu Jian , Yang Qingde , Guo Zonghui , Cai Xinxia
Published: November 2007

An osmium redox hydrogel mediated biosensor for continuous monitoring of glucose extracted from subcutaneous solution by reverse iontophoresis has been developed. For the measurement of low concentration glucose, osmium‐poly(vinylpyridine) wiring horseradish peroxidase was introduced to modify the smooth Au electrodes, and the developed glucose biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 11.45 nA μM−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 2 μM, as well as a high operational stability of more than 97% of its initial activity over a test period of 13.5 h in stirred glucose solution at low applied potential (−0.1 V vs. Ag|AgCl), efficiently inhibiting the electroactive interferences. Permeability of the hydrogels was studied and a diffusion coefficient of 2.4×10−5 cm2/s for H2O2 was obtained. In addition, the effects, such as temperature and the variation happening on Ag|AgCl counter electrode, on determination of glucose were also considered. The proof‐of‐feasibility of the biosensors for the monitoring of the glucose extracted from the subcutaneous solution was tested in vitro, and the responses of the sensors were analyzed. A linear response to current produced by extracted glucose in the concentration range of subcutaneous glucose from 1.0 to 12 mM was obtained with a correlation coefficient up to 0.989. These results testify the feasibility of the developed sensors for measuring the low concentration glucose and have significance for the development of noninvasive glucose monitoring system for the control of diabetes.
Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Electromechanically‐Gated DNA Modified Conical Nanopores
Authors: Höfler Lajos , Gyurcsányi Róbert E.
Published: November 2007

Nanopore‐based devices are emerging as tools for single molecule manipulation, characterization and chemical analysis. Single or random arrays of chemically modified nanopores have been established as platforms for selective chemical and biosensing. However, it is little known about the orientation and behavior of surface tethered species in the nanopore environment as function of applied transpore voltages. In this study we report on coarse grained modeling of short (5‐, 15‐mer) DNA modified conical gold nanopores subjected to electrical field gradients of 5 and 50 mV/nm. An electromechanical gating effect in the single stranded DNA modified conical nanopores is predicted, which is due to the obstruction of the tip entrance by DNA strands oriented by the external electrical field. The magnitude of the rectification effect increases with increasing DNA length and decreasing tip diameter of the conical nanopore. The direction of on/off switching was found to be dependent on the location of the immobilized DNAs on the membrane supporting the nanopore.
Novel Polymeric Membrane Sensors Based on Mn(III) Porphyrin and Co(II) Phthalocyanine Ionophores for Batch and Flow Injection Determination of Azide
Authors: Hassan Saad S. M. , Kelany Ali E. , Al‐Mehrezi Saeed S.
Published: November 2007

Two novel potentiometric azide membrane sensors based on the use of manganese(III)porphyrin [Mn(III)P] and cobalt(II)phthalocyanine [Co(II)Pc] ionophores dispersed in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) PVC matrix membranes are described. Under batch mode of operation, [Mn(III)P] and [Co(II)Pc] based membrane sensors display near‐ and sub‐Nernstian responses of −56.3 and −48.5 mV decade−1 over the concentration ranges 1.0×10−2−2.2×10−5 and 1.0×10−2−5.1×10−5 mol L−1 azide and detection limits of 1.5×10−5 and 2.5×10−5 mol L−1, respectively. Incorporation of both membrane sensors in flow‐through tubular cell offers sensitive detectors for flow injection (FIA) determination of azide. The intrinsic characteristics of the [Mn(III)P] and [Co(II)Pc] based detectors in a low dispersion manifold show calibration slopes of −51.2 and −33.5 mV decade−1 for the concentration ranges of 1.0×10−5−1.0×10−2 and 1.0×10−4−1.0×10−2 mol L−1 azide and the detection limits are1.0×10−5 and 3.1×10−5 mol L−1, respectively. The detectors are used for determining azide at an input rate of 40–60 samples per hour. The responses of the sensors are stable within ±0.9 mV for at least 8 weeks and are pH independent in the range of 3.9−6.5. No interferences are caused by most common anions normally associated with azide ion.
Composite Assembly of Silver Nanoparticles with Avidin and Biotinylated AChE on Gold for the Pesticidal Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Huang Xi , Du Dan , Gong Xiaojuan , Cai Jie , Tu Haiyang , Xu Xing , Zhang Aidong
Published: November 2007

An amperometric pesticide biosensor has been devised by the composite assembly of silver nanoparticles with avidin and biotinylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on gold electrodes modified with a biotin‐terminated self assembly monolayer (SAM). This composite assembly strategy takes use of the biospecific recognition avidin with the biotin from the SAM‐terminals and biotinylated AChE, as well as the electrostatic interaction between silver nanoparticles with negatively charged citrate shell and avidin with encounter charge at pH 7.2. The construction process of the composite interface on gold was monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and its structure was characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, atomic force microscopy and UV‐vis spectra. The composite interface shows excellent electron transfer ability, as characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under the optimum conditions a quantitative measurement of organophosphate pesticide dimethoate was achieved with the linear range of 0.05 μM to10 μM and the detection limit 0.01 μM, taken as the concentration equivalent to a 10% decrease in signal. Silver nanoparticles conjugated biotin‐avidin system represents a simple and functional approach to the integration of electrode sensing interface with improved biocompatibility and electron transfer ability, which may provide an analytical access to a large group of enzymes for bioelectrochemical application.
Prussian Blue Dispersed Sphere Catalytic Labels for Amplified Electronic Detection of DNA
Authors: Suwansa‐ard Siriwan , Xiang Yun , Bash Ralph , Thavarungkul Panote , Kanatharana Proespichaya , Wang Joseph
Published: November 2007

A highly sensitive electrochemical DNA hybridization assay using Prussian blue (PB)‐modified polymeric spheres as the oligonculeotide labeling tag is described. The sandwich assay relies on a secondary nucleic‐acid probe functionalized with polystyrene beads loaded with numerous Prussian blue nanoparticles. The very strong catalytic activity of the captured PB ‘artificial peroxidase’ tag towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, along with the encapsulation of numerous catalytic particles onto polymeric beads, allows amperometric detection of the DNA target down to the 50 fM level (2.5 amol). Imaging and spectroscopic measurements are used to characterize the PB‐tagged polystyrene beads. Such coupling of PB catalytic labels with polymeric carrier beads offers great promise for amplified transduction of different biomolecular interactions.
All‐Solid‐State Reference Electrodes with Poly(n‐butyl acrylate) Based Membranes
Authors: Kisiel Anna , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Hall Elisabeth A. H.
Published: November 2007

A new kind of all‐solid‐state reference electrode, suitable for potentiometry with ion‐selective electrodes is proposed, where a poly(n‐butyl acrylate) based membrane is coated on a glassy carbon support with conducting polymer–polypyrrole ion‐to‐electron transducing layer. These electrodes are compatible with poly(acrylate) based ion‐selective electrodes in simple disposable cells, where both indicator and reference electrode can be produced in a single fabrication process, using the same or similar methods. The composition of the membrane with lipophilic salt and Ag/AgCl system was tuned to expose nonselectivity and to obtain a stable potential, independent of solution composition. Near‐zero slopes of potentiometric characteristics were recorded in typical electrolyte solutions in the concentration range: 1 to 10−5 M, stable potentials and only slight influence of interferents: oxygen, redox reactants, H+/OH− ions and surfactants make this arrangement promising for practical applications, particularly when matched against a similar ion‐selective electrode. Tests of cells with poly(n‐butyl acrylate) based membrane potassium selective sensors and reference electrodes confirmed their analytical applicability.
Measure of quality of life for Taiwanese persons with early to moderate dementia and related factors
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Chen , Shyu Yeaing , Liang Jersey , Huang Hsiu‐Li
Published: November 2007

Background

This study validates the Chinese Dementia‐Quality of Life instrument (DQoL) in patients with early to moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, CDR = 0.5, 1, and 2; MMSE > = 12).

Methods

A cross‐sectional design was used involving 98 participants (27 controls, 35 patients with questionable dementia (QD), and 36 patients with mild to moderate AD) and 51 paired family caregivers (FCs) (20 FCs of QD patients, 31 FCs of AD patients). FCs were recruited to evaluate patients' DQoL using the parallel form. Internal consistency, construct validity and concurrent validity of the DQoL were examined.

Results

The findings indicated that the Chinese DQoL instrument has stable internal consistency but only moderate validity when used in early to moderate AD participants with MMSE greater than, or equal to 12. The DQoL and Self‐esteem subscales were significantly different across the three dementia severity groups. The values of internal consistency of the DQoL and its five subscales were high for the ratings of both the patients and the FCs. The interscale correlations for the DQoL were almost all significant for patients' and FCs' ratings. Agreement of the DQoL and its subscales for patients and FCs was significant. However, two inconsistencies were found in the results of the factor analysis and the prior conceptualization of patients' DQoL, the subscales of Self‐esteem and Negative Affect. Global cognitive impairment and self‐care problems significantly correlated with the patients' DQoL, while the patients' depressive symptoms and self‐care problems significantly correlated with the FCs' DQoL.

Conclusions

The Chinese DQoL reported by early to moderate AD patients has good reliability, but moderate validity because the patients' depressive symptoms did not correlate with their DQoL and the major subscales. Both patients' and FCs' ratings on DQoL are important in research and treatment decision making. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral T‐cell lymphomas, unspecified (or not otherwise specified): a review
Authors: Rodriguez‐Abreu Delvys , Filho Volmar Belisario , Zucca Emanuele
Published: November 2007

Peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL) comprises a heterogeneous group of haematological tumours, which originate from mature T‐cells, and constitute less than 15% of all non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) in adults. The current WHO classification recognizes nine distinct clinicopathologic peripheral T‐cell NHLs, being the ‘unspecified variant’ (PTCL‐U) the most common subtype. These neoplasms often present in advanced stage at diagnosis, and most commonly have an aggressive clinical course requiring prompt treatment. The rarity of these tumours requires additional studies to better understand their biology and search for new therapies which may hopefully improve the dismal outcome of most patients. This review aims to describe the pathobiological aspects as well the clinical characteristics and current therapeutic strategies of the PTCLs, with special attention to the group of PTCL‐U Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI assessment of lung parenchymal motion in normal mice and transgenic mice with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kiryu Shigeru , Sundaram Tessa , Kubo Shigeto , Ohtomo Kuni , Asakura Toshio , Gee James C. , Hatabu Hiroto , Takahashi Masaya
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To test the feasibility of a method to quantify regional pulmonary parenchymal motion via nonrigid registration algorithm at small animal scales.

Materials and Methods

Voxel‐wise displacement vector field maps were generated between end‐inspiratory and end‐expiratory coronal thoracic MR images on normal mice (N = 5) to analyze the magnitude and direction of parenchymal motion in the segmented regions. The analysis was repeated before and after short‐term exposure to hypoxia to demonstrate the effect of hypoxia on the respiratory motion in transgenic (Tg) mice with sickle cell disease (SCD) (N = 4).

Results

Normal mice revealed that the right and left lungs moved symmetrically but that there was greater movement in the lower regions than in the upper regions. Calculated strain was uniform in the entire lung. In the Tg mice, the pulmonary motion before hypoxia was similar to that observed in the normal mice. Upon exposure to hypoxia, the displacement magnitude reduced and the direction of motion in some areas became distorted.

Conclusion

MR quantification of pulmonary motion was feasible in mice and the principle that the method could detect mechanical abnormalities due to pathologic changes was proven. Quantification of pulmonary motion has the potential to lead to earlier disease diagnosis and better monitoring of disease treatments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Navigator‐triggered isotropic three‐dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstructions: Comparison with direct cholangiography
Authors: Choi Jin‐Young , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Jae Young , Kim Se Hyung , Lee Min Woo , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of navigator‐triggered isotropic three‐dimensional (3D) MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) using parallel imaging for malignant biliary obstruction with direct cholangiography.

Materials and Methods

A total of 23 patients with malignant biliary obstruction underwent MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)/percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Two observers retrospectively evaluated 3D‐MRCP and ERCP/PTC and recorded the level of obstruction and extent of tumor along with their confidence. The quality of images and morphologic appearance of stricture were also evaluated by two reviewers. The results of MRCP and ERCP/PTC were compared with surgical and histopathological data.

Results

3D‐MRCP was of diagnostic quality and free of artifacts in all patients, whereas ERCP/PTC examinations failed in three patients. For the evaluation of level of obstruction, there was no statistical significance between 3D‐MRCP and ERCP/PTC. 3D‐MRCP was superior to ERCP/PTC in the assessment of anatomical extent of hilar bile duct involvement, but did not show statistical significance. The accuracy of 3D‐MRCP in determining tumoral extent of hilar cancer was higher than that of ERCP/PTC, but it was not statistically significant. The image quality of 3D‐MRCP was superior to ERCP/PTC. There was good agreement between morphologic appearance at MRCP and those at ERCP/PTC.

Conclusion

3D‐MRCP can accurately assess the level of obstruction and extent of tumor in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional imaging of the parotid glands using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)‐MRI at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Simon‐Zoula Sonia C. , Boesch Chris , De Keyzer Frederik , Thoeny Harriet C.
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To evaluate the function of the parotid glands before and during gustatory stimulation, using an intrinsic susceptibility‐weighted MRI method (blood oxygenation level dependent, BOLD‐MRI) at 1.5T and 3T.

Materials and Methods

A total of 10 and 13 volunteers were investigated at 1.5T and 3T, respectively. Measurements were performed before and during gustatory stimulation using ascorbate. Circular regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated in the left and right parotid glands, and in the masseter muscle for comparison. The effects of stimulation were evaluated by calculating the difference between the relaxation rates, ΔR2*. Baseline and stimulation were statistically compared (Student's t‐tests), merging both parotid glands.

Results

The averaged ΔR2* values prestimulation obtained in all parotid glands were stable (–0.61 to 0.38 × 10–3 seconds–1). At 3T, these values were characterized by an initial drop (to –2.7 × 10–3 seconds–1) followed by a progressive increase toward the baseline. No significant difference was observed between baseline and parotid gland stimulation at 1.5T, neither for the masseter muscle at both field strengths. A considerable interindividual variability (over 76%) was noticed at both magnetic fields.

Conclusion

BOLD‐MRI at 3T was able to detect ΔR2* changes in the parotid glands during gustatory stimulation, consistent with an increase in oxygen consumption during saliva production. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the effects of independently‐controlled end‐tidal PCO2 and PO2 on blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) MRI
Authors: Prisman Eitan , Slessarev Marat , Han Jay , Poublanc Julien , Mardimae Alexandra , Crawley Adrian , Fisher Joseph , Mikulis David
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To assess the effect of changes in end‐tidal partial pressure of O2 (PETO2) on cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) estimated from changes in blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) signal during cyclic changes in end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2).

Materials and Methods

BOLD response to fixed cyclic step changes in PETCO2 (range = 30.4–48.8 mmHg) and PETO2 (range = 100.6–444.0 mmHg) was studied in four healthy volunteers.

Results

The BOLD reactivity to PETCO2 and PETO2 were 0.283 (0.188–0.379) (median, range) and 0.004 (0.003–0.006)%/mmHg, respectively, in the whole brain; 0.438 (0.382–0.614) vs. 0.006 (0.004–0.009)%/mmHg, respectively, in the gray matter; and 0.075 (0.065–0.093) vs. 0.002 (0.001–0.002)%/mmHg, respectively, in the white matter.

Conclusion

The BOLD reactivity to PETO2 was much smaller than that to PETCO2. However, BOLD reactivity can be significantly distorted by CO2‐induced changes in PETO2. We conclude that PETO2 should be carefully controlled during studies that use BOLD reactivity as an indicator of CVR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid 3D‐T1 mapping of cartilage with variable flip angle and parallel imaging at 3.0T
Authors: Wang Ligong , Schweitzer Mark E. , Padua Abraham , Regatte Ravinder R.
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To rapidly acquire T1‐weighted images using a three‐dimensional fast low angle shot (3D FLASH) sequence in combination with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) and variable flip angle (VFA) method at 3.0T.

Materials and Methods

3D T1 maps of model systems (gadolinium [Gd] and agarose phantoms), bovine cartilage, and human subjects were constructed on a 3.0T clinical whole‐body MR scanner. The T1 values of model systems measured using the 2D inversion‐recovery fast‐spin‐echo (IR‐FSE) sequence were considered as a reference method to validate the rapid 3D method for comparison.

Results

The root mean square coefficient of variation percentage (RMS‐CV%) of the median T1 of agarose phantom across different acquisition methods was ∼6.2%. The RMS‐CV% of the median T1 of bovine cartilage across different acquisition methods was ∼4.1%. The RMS‐CV% of median T1 of the cartilages among the subjects was between ∼7.3% to 11.1%. In our study, rapid 3D‐T1 mapping with VFA and parallel imaging with different acceleration factors (AFs) (AF = 1, 2, 3, and 4) seems to have no obvious influence on the T1 mapping (before and after contrast agent administration).

Conclusion

The preliminary results demonstrate that it is possible to quantify 3D‐T1 mapping of the whole knee joint (with 0.7 mm3 isotropic resolution) under approximately five minutes with excellent in vivo reproducibility at 3.0T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI‐guided radiofrequency ablation of breast cancer: Preliminary clinical experience
Authors: van den Bosch Maurice , Daniel Bruce , Rieke Viola , Butts‐Pauly Kim , Kermit Eben , Jeffrey Stefanie
Published: November 2007

This study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of MRI‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of breast cancer. A total of three women diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer were treated with percutaneous MRI‐guided RFA, according to a treat and resect protocol, in our hospital. RFA procedures were performed in an open 0.5T Signa‐SP imager allowing direct patient access and real‐time monitoring of the procedure. In all patients ablation was performed with a 15‐gauge insulated MRI‐compatible multiple needle probe. MRI thermometry and contrast‐enhanced postablation MRI were used to evaluate the ablation process. Patients underwent lumpectomy within a week of the RFA procedure. Histopathology confirmed successful (100%) tumor ablation in one patient, and partial tumor destruction (33% and 50%, respectively) in two patients. Challenges of MRI‐guided breast RFA that need to be solved to facilitate progress of the technique toward clinical practice are discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gray matter prefrontal changes in type 2 diabetes detected using MRI
Authors: Kumar Anand , Haroon Ebrahim , Darwin Christine , Pham Daniel , Ajilore Olusola , Rodriguez Genevieve , Mintz Jim
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To examine the volumes of the gray and white matter both globally and regionally in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and controls.

Materials and Methods

Our samples were comprised of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes, 26 patients with diabetes and major depressive disorder, and 25 nondiabetic, nondepressed control subjects. All subjects were studied cross‐sectionally on a 1.5 T scanner and were recruited from medicine/diabetes clinics. Both gray and white matter volumes were estimated using an automated method, and the prefrontal areas studied included the anterior cingulate, the gyrus rectus, and the orbitofrontal regions.

Results

Patients with diabetes, both with and without depression, had smaller total brain gray matter volumes when compared with the control subjects after controlling for age, intracranial volume, and years of education. This group also had smaller gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal regions when compared with the controls after additionally controlling for total gray matter volume. The depressed and nondepressed diabetic groups did not differ on any neuroimaging measure. Cerebrovascular risk factors correlated negatively with gray matter volumes.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that type 2 diabetes is associated with specific neuroanatomical abnormalities in the prefrontal gray matter. Vascular disease might contribute to the findings observed in our sample. These observations have implications for the behavioral sequelae of diabetes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gray and white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Rose Stephen E. , Janke PhD Andrew L. , Chalk Jonathan B.
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To investigate microstructural changes in cortical and white matter pathways in patients with Alzheimer's disease using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Materials and Methods

Measures of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were compared in the brains of 13 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and a group of 13 aged‐matched control participants employing an optimized DTI technique involving a fully automated, voxel‐based morphometric (VBM) analysis.

Results

After rigorous control for anatomical variation and confounding partial volume effects, we found significantly elevated MD measures within the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe gray matter regions in the AD participants. The largest number of pixels with increased MD was localized bilaterally, within the posterior cingulate gyrus. The FA was significantly reduced within the thalamus, parietal white matter, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, indicating significant involvement of corticothalamic and thalamocortical radiations.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that rigorous VBM analysis of DTI data can be used to investigate microstructural changes in cortical, subcortical, and white matter regions in AD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal artery stenosis: Extracting quantitative parameters with a mathematical model fitted to magnetic resonance blood flow data
Authors: Larsson Martin , Persson Anders , Eriksson Per , Kihlberg Johan , Smedby Örjan
Published: November 2007

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of quantitative parameter extraction from a mathematical model fitted to renal artery magnetic resonance flow data.

Material and Methods

A total of 16 subjects, eight patients, and eight normal controls, were examined with cine phase‐contrast velocity measurements, and blood flow data from the aorta and both renal arteries were extracted by means of contour detection. A mathematical model with eight parameters describing the time, duration, and amplitude of the systolic acceleration and the diastolic deceleration was fitted to the aorta and renal artery blood flow data from each subject. The curve fitting was evaluated with R2 values. Statistical analysis was performed with unpaired Wilcoxon tests and stepwise logistic regression.

Results

A total of three data sets out of 48 yielded R2 values below 0.80 and were considered unreliable for parameter estimation. Basal flow was significantly, and systolic peak amplitude almost significantly, lower in stenotic arteries. Logistic regression indicated that two parameters describing basal flow and the duration of acceleration can accurately predict stenosis.

Conclusion

The results suggest that it is technically feasible to fit a mathematical model to renal blood flow data, extracting quantitative parameters that may prove useful for quantification and diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of integrative repair of the meniscus following acute exposure to interleukin‐1 in vitro
Authors: Wilusz Rebecca E. , Weinberg J. Brice , Guilak Farshid , McNulty Amy L.
Published: November 2007

Damage or loss of the meniscus is associated with progressive osteoarthritic degeneration of the knee joint. Injured and degenerative joints are characterized by elevated levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), which with prolonged exposure can induce catabolic and anti‐anabolic activities that inhibit tissue repair. We used an in vitro model system to examine the hypotheses that acute exposure to IL‐1 inhibits meniscal repair, and that an IL‐1–mediated increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is associated with the inhibition of repair. Integrative tissue repair was studied between concentric explants of porcine medial menisci that were treated with IL‐1α acutely (100 pg/mL for 1 or 3 days) or chronically (100 pg/mL for entire culture duration). After 14 and 28 days in culture, biomechanical testing, cell viability, and histology were performed to assess meniscal repair. Total specific MMP activity in the culture media was measured using a quenched fluorescent substrate. As little as 1 day of IL‐1 exposure significantly reduced shear strength, cell accumulation, and tissue repair compared to controls. IL‐1 exposure for 1 or 3 days significantly increased MMP activity that subsided by day 9. With chronic IL‐1 exposure, MMP activity remained elevated for the duration of culture and was negatively correlated with repair strength. Our study shows that short‐term exposure to physiologically relevant concentrations of IL‐1 significantly reduces meniscal repair in vitro, and thus may potentially inhibit the intrinsic repair response in vivo. The suppression of IL‐1 or MMP expression and/or activity warrant investigation as potential strategies for promoting meniscal repair. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:504–512, 2008
Effect of hyaluronan on osteogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow stromal cells in vitro
Authors: Zou Lijin , Zou Xuenong , Chen Li , Li Haisheng , Mygind Tina , Kassem Moustapha , Bünger Cody
Published: November 2007

Hyaluronan (HA) plays a predominant role in tissue morphogenesis, cell migration, proliferation, and cell differentiation. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether (i) prolonged presence of high concentration (4.0 mg/mL) 800 KDa HA and (ii) pretreatment with HA can modify osteogenic differentiation of pig bone marrow stromal cells (pBMSC). Cell proliferation and mineralization were measured. Expression of differentiation‐related genes was evaluated by means of real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). HA increased cell proliferation on day 7. HA decreased the basal level of bone‐related gene expression and increased the basal level of sox9 marginally during 7‐day pretreatment with HA. HA increased calcium deposit on day 21. cbfa1, ALP, and type 1α collagen (Col1) expression was increased when pBMSC were cultivated in osteogenic medium, whereas their expression was decreased in the presence of HA on day 7. On day 14, the addition of HA upregulated cbfa1 and ALP expression compared to osteogenic medium group; there was no significant difference in Col1 expression. At day 21, osteocalcin (OC) expression showed 2.5‐fold upregulation over osteogenic medium. These results suggest that exogenous HA stimulates endogenous HA, which together may play a synergetic role in osteogenic differentiation under osteoinducing conditions although gene expression was inhibited at the early stage. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:713–720, 2008
Electrical impedance scanning as a new breast cancer risk stratification tool for young women
Authors: Stojadinovic Alexander , Nissan Aviram , Shriver Craig D. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Akin Mark D. , Dickerson Vivian , Lenington Sarah , Platt Lawrence D. , Stavros Thomas , Goldstein Steven R. , Moskovitz Orah , Gallimidi Zahava , Fields Scott I. , Yeshaya Arieh , Allweis Tanir M. , Manassa Raymond , Pappo Itzhak , Ginor Ron X. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Gur David
Published: November 2007

Background

Electrical impedance scanning (EIS) measures changes in breast tissue associated with breast cancer (Br‐Ca) development. The T‐Scan(tm2000 (ED is designed to use EIS to identify women ages 30–39 with elevated risk of breast cancer (i.e., T‐Scan+ women).

Aim

To estimate the relative probability of breast cancer in a T‐Scan+ woman compared to a randomly selected young woman.

Methods

A prospective, two‐cohort trial was conducted in pre‐menopausal women. The Specificity (Sp)‐Cohort evaluated T‐Scan specificity in 1,751 asymptomatic women ages 30–39. The Sensitivity)Sn)‐Cohort evaluated T‐Scan sensitivity in 390 women ages 45–30 scheduled for biopsy. Specificity, sensitivity, and conservative estimate of disease prevalence were used to calculate relative probability.

Results

In the Sp‐Cohort, 93 of 1,751 women were T‐Scan+ (Sp = 94.7%; 95% CI: 93.7–95.7%). In the Sn‐Cohort, 23 of 87 biopsy‐proven cancers were T‐Scan+ (Sn = 26.4%; 95% CI: 17.4–35.4%). Given Sp = 94.7%, Sn = 26.4% and prevalence of 1.5 cancers/1,000 women (ages 30–39), the relative probability of a T‐Scan+ woman having Br‐Ca is 4.95: (95% CI: 3.16–7.14).

Conclusion

EIS can identify a subset of young women with a relative probability of breast cancer almost five times greater than in the population of young women at‐large. T‐Scan+ women have a sufficiently high risk of Br‐Ca to warrant further surveillance or imaging. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:112–120. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.