bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive vs. Social Constructivist Learning for Research and Training on the Angoff Method
Authors: Iyioke Ifeoma Chika
Published: October 2021

This chapter aims to revitalize the use of the Angoff method in measuring students' performance in the educational contexts by offering guidance on the constructivist learning perspective that is more appropriate for training K-12 teachers. Specifically, it compares the cognitive and social constructivist theories and the Completely Structured Training (CST) and Partially Structured Training (PST) designs for conducting training on the Angoff method. The analysis argues for the relative efficacy of the cognitive constructivist perspective of the CST based on a breakdown of the cognitive strategies of the Angoff method judgments over the social constructivist perspective of the PST that emphasizes interpersonal interactions. The chapter concludes with recommendations for empirical comparisons of the quality of judgments based on the CST and PST models.
Studying Medical Records Management in the Public Healthcare Sector of South Africa Using Multi-Method
Authors: Marutha Ngoako Solomon
Published: October 2021

This chapter reflects on the lesson learnt from the application of multi-methods in a quantitative study that was conducted to study patient record management in the public healthcare sector. In this study, a questionnaire was the main data collection tool, which was supported by interviews, observations, and document/system analysis data. In conducting the study, triangulation of multi-methods data was performed at different stages of the study. Currently there is no clear framework in social science research about the application of multi-method, mono-method, and mixed method research, which the study intends to clear. The study revealed that quantitative data need to be augmented with some narrative/qualitative data to make an empirical conclusion and recommendations because alone, it may not be completely reliable. Triangulation of multi-methods eliminates bias and closes some gaps where data leave some questions unanswered. The study provides a framework to guide on research method based on methods ingredients.
The Movement of Mixed Methods Research and the Role of Information Science Professionals
Authors: Ngulube Patrick
Published: October 2021

Mixed methods research integrates qualitative and quantitative research approaches in many or all phases of a study to comprehensively address a research problem by collecting quantitative and qualitative data concurrently or in phases with the aim to maximizing their inherent advantages while minimizing their disadvantages. Many disciplines are embracing mixed methods research. Library and information science research is lagging behind in the adoption and use of mixed methods research. That might be due to limited access to the literature on the subject or difficulties in dealing with the relative lack of consistency and incomplete coherence among mixed methods researchers. This chapter traces the common characteristics and designs of mixed methods research, its growth, and application in research. It provides a framework to design, execute, and evaluate mixed methods research studies so that library and information science researchers and researchers from other fields may play a role in its development and application.
Personal Diary Method
Authors: Zeba Farrah , Mohanty Pankaj Kumar
Published: October 2021

There is a growing interest towards using diaries as a tool of data collection for gathering information pertaining to consumer research. However, the bigger challenge is the qualitative analysis of the data collected through this technique. Hence, the objective of the chapter is to illustrate how diary method of data collection can be a better option than other data collection tools in cases where the informants are likely to experience difficulties in recalling past consumption experience. To delineate the steps and different types of codes used in inductive content analysis to analyze the qualitative data collected through the personal diary method, the chapter will also present an exploratory study with airline consumers using self-completion diaries about their online ticket purchasing experience followed by qualitative analyses of this information collected through diary using inductive content analysis. Each step of the content analysis will be illustrated in the full chapter.
Culturally Responsive Academic Advising of Black Males at an Urban Community College During COVID-19
Authors: Wallace Jerry L. , Fields Yoshiko T.
Published: October 2021

The current research study aims to explore the academic advisors' culturally responsive advising of Black males at an urban community college during COVID-19. The qualitative method is suitable for the current research since the research focused on phenomenon analysis and non-statistical means of inquiry. The current research uses a phenomenological design to examine a specific group and phenomenon. The research will add to the understanding and knowledge base of the motivation and perceptions of academic advisors on advising Black males of an urban community college during the current global pandemic. The purpose is to examine how academic advisors respond to the needs of Black males in how it affects their enrolment, persistence, and success while studying in an urban community college. The research will support reviews regarding cultural intelligence and the need for more accountability for the overall success of Black male students.
Staying Connected-Rooting Literacy Courses in Current Topics and Relevant Teaching Practices
Authors: Childs Kamshia , Loewenstein Melanie
Published: October 2021

There is often a disconnect between what students learn in a university setting and what they will experience as in-service teachers. Literacy is commonly seen as the heart of all knowledge and is usually the core of educator preparation programs. This chapter describes several strategies and tools which education preparation programs can use to keep their literacy course content connected to current issues and instructional trends. The contents of this chapter will be rooted in relevance and engagement as well as provide ways to enhance instruction and prepare preservice educators for the future of literacy instruction.
Rewriting Field-Based Literacy Practicum Experiences
Authors: Wells Melissa Summer
Published: October 2021

High-quality, field-based practicum experiences provide learning opportunities foundational to future teachers' pedagogy that coursework alone cannot replicate. However, access to these field-based placements for preservice teachers can be limited at times, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter explores how one instructor of an intermediate literacy course, which carries a 20-hour field-based practicum requirement, rewrote a traditional field-based literacy experience to design a virtual practicum experience. Following a review of the literature, this chapter is divided into three key parts: (1) design elements of a virtual literacy practicum, (2) preservice teacher perceptions of a virtual literacy practicum, and (3) comparisons of preservice teachers' experiences in a traditional in-person literacy practicum to a virtual literacy practicum. Finally, suggestions for re-writing traditional field-based literary practicum experiences will be provided.
Drawing Possibility
Authors: Rodriguez de France Maria del Carmen
Published: October 2021

This chapter describes the collaboration between the Department of Indigenous Education in the Faculty of Education at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada and the extension program at the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, illustrating the process of engaging pre-service teachers working in collaboration with Indigenous artists, staff from the Art Gallery, and learners in the schools where art-based workshops were facilitated. Further, it will describe how by being involved on this project, the student teachers were able to reflect on themselves as educators, and on the challenges and triumphs that entails doing decolonizing work and becoming allies, advocates or “Indigenists.”
Reconceptualizing Preservice Teacher Preparation in Science Literacy Education Using Action Research in South Africa
Authors: Botha André P. , Goosen Leila
Published: October 2021

This chapter presents a reconceptualization of preservice teacher preparation in the context of science, information technology, and African language education using action research (AR). The authors provide a background of AR as a transformative practice, along with benefits and possible limitations, and describe how student teachers turn theory to practice as change agents engaging in reflection and implementing solutions. Collaborative interaction between mentor teachers and lecturers and the project reports and reflective journals generated by the student teachers are integral parts of the research design and internship program. The authors recommend the use of AR to empower student teachers to deal effectively with probems that arise, and they discuss future research directions.
A Survey on a Skin Disease Detection System
Authors: Al Mamun Md. , Uddin Mohammad Shorif
Published: October 2021

Skin diseases are frequent and quite perennial in the world, and in some cases, these lead to cancer. These are curable if detected earlier and treated appropriately. An automated image-based detection system consisting of four main modules: image enhancement, region of interest segmentation, feature extraction, and detection can facilitate early identification of these diseases. Diverse image-based methods incorporating machine learning techniques are developed to diagnose different types of skin diseases. This article focuses on the review of the tools and techniques used in the diagnosis of 28 common skin diseases. Furthermore, it has discussed the available image databases and the evaluation metrics for the performance analysis of various diagnosis systems. This is vital for figuring out the implementation framework as well as the efficacy of the diagnosis methods for the neophyte. Based on the performance accuracy, the state-of-the-art method for the diagnosis of a particular disease is figured out. It also highlights challenges and shows future research directions.
Management Principles for the Appraisal and Diffusion of Information Systems
Authors: Coffie Cephas Paa Kwasi , Zhao Hongjiang , Yeboah Frederick Kwame , Emuron Abraham Simon Otim
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we bring to light the issue of appraising and diffusing information systems by small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. The empirical data was gathered through an online questionnaire-based survey from 312 SMEs in Ghana. All these enterprises are registered members of the association of Ghanaian industries (AGI) and are confirmed users of information system. The framework of the study is developed based on the approaches found in technology management literature: management principles for disruptive technology, information system strategy, technological decision making and the technology acceptance models. The aim of the paper is to unearth management principles which allow SMEs in Ghana to appraise and diffuse information system successfully. We defined these principles through the comparison of known principles with the practiced principles of management of the small enterprises in Ghana and distilling the best management practices in information system appraisal and diffusion.
Comparative Reviews vs. Regular Consumer Reviews
Authors: Vali Hessam , Jingjun (David) Xu  , Yildirim Mehmet Bayram
Published: October 2021

This study proposes and evaluates the effect of “mixed” comparative reviews on review value and compares the results with “separate” comparative and regular reviews. A total of 201 subjects have participated in the experiment conducted in this study. Results indicate that mixed comparative reviews in text format are perceived as less valuable than separate comparative reviews in text format. However, mixed comparative reviews in tabular format have more review value than those in text format and are perceived as more valuable than regular reviews of one product in either format. Unsurprisingly, the positive reviews of the target product lead to higher product attitude than negative reviews. However, this effect is weak in mixed (vs. separate) comparative reviews.
Robust Security With Strong Authentication in Mobile Cloud Computing Based on Trefoil Congruity Framework
Authors: Jerald Nirmal Kumar S.  , Ravimaran S.  , Sathish A.
Published: October 2021

In the mobile cloud computing era, the sharing of secured large-scale data which have major challenges. From an existing quantum based security mechanism randomly chosen the photon detector which creates small length of qubits so it cannot provide much security in MCC also data storage in the cloud server doesn’t guarantees the lossless back up and data recovery as well attains more computation complex during secure access of stored data. Therefore to solve those issues a unique combination of the Trefoil Congruity framework is proposed which consist Quantum Key Fibo Privacy Approach (QKFPA) performing the quantum key generation for encrypt and decrypt the data with the aid of Fibonacci chain-slanting matrix. Based on that quantum key data is uploaded, then secured data should be stored, ultra-widely distributed data transfer mechanism does the scrambling with sorting the stored data by implementing novel HS-DRT technique that improves the lossless backup and recovery of data storage.
High Schools' Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices for the Management of Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , Lopez Rebecca M. , Miller Kevin C. , Adams William M. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: October 2021

Context

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) deaths can be prevented by adhering to best practices.

Objective

To investigate high schools' adoption of policies and procedures for recognizing and treating patients with EHS and the factors influencing the adoption of a comprehensive policy.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants

Athletic trainers (ATs) practicing in the high school (HS) setting.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Using the National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement on exertional heat illness, we developed an online questionnaire and distributed it to ATs to ascertain their schools' current written policies for using rectal temperature and cold-water immersion. The precaution adoption process model allowed for responses to be presented across the various health behavior stages (unaware if have the policy, unaware of the need for the policy, unengaged, undecided, decided not to act, decided to act, acting, and maintaining). Additional questions addressed perceptions of facilitators and barriers. Data are presented as proportions.

Results

A total of 531 ATs completed the questionnaire. Overall, 16.9% (n = 62) reported adoption of all components for the proper recognition and treatment of EHS. The component with the highest adoption level was “cool first, transport second”; 74.1% (n = 110) of ATs described acting on or maintaining the policy. The most variability in the precaution adoption process model responses was for a rectal temperature policy; 28.7% (n = 103) of ATs stated they decided not to act and 20.1% (n = 72) stated they maintained the policy. The most frequently cited facilitator of and barrier to obtaining rectal temperature were a mandate from the state HS athletics association (n = 274, 51.5%) and resistance to or apprehension of parents or legal guardians (n = 311, 58.5%), respectively.

Conclusions

Athletic trainers in the HS setting appeared to be struggling to adopt a comprehensive EHS strategy, with rectal temperature continuing as the biggest challenge. Tailored strategies based on health behavior, facilitators, and barriers may aid in changing this paradigm.
Felt reports and impact of the November 25, 1988, magnitude 5.9 Saguenay, Quebec, earthquake sequence
Authors: Lamontagne M , Burke K B S , Olson L
Published: October 2021

The November 25, 1988, moment magnitude 5.9 (Mw) Saguenay earthquake is one of the largest eastern Canadian earthquakes of the 20th century. It was preceded by a magnitude (MN) 4.7 foreshock and followed by very few aftershocks considering the magnitude of the
main shock. The largest aftershock was a magnitude (MN) 4.3 event. This Open File (OF) Report presents a variety of documents (including original and interpreted felt information, images, newspaper clippings, various engineering reports on the damage, mass movements). This OF updates the report of
Cajka and Drysdale (1994) with additional material, including descriptions of the foreshock and largest aftershock. Most of the felt report information come from replies of a questionnaire sent to postmasters in more than 2000 localities in Canada and in the United States. Images of the original
felt reports from Canada are included. The OF also includes information gathered in damage assessments and newspaper accounts. For each locality, the interpreted information is presented in a digital table. The fields include the name, latitude and longitude of the municipality and the interpreted
intensity on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale (most of which are the interpretations of Cajka and Drysdale, 1996). When available or significant, excerpts of the felt reports are added. This OF Report also includes images from contemporary newspapers that describe the impact. In addition,
information contained in post-earthquake reports are discussed together with pictures of damage and mass movements. Finally, a GoogleEarth kmz file is added for viewing the felt information reports within a spatial tool.
Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Chang Hsin-Hou , Liou Yu-Shan , Sun Der-Shan
Published: October 2021

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has been used to treat hematopoietic diseases for over 50 years. HSCs can be isolated from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood, or peripheral blood. Because of lower costs, shorter hospitalization, and faster engraftment, peripheral blood has become the predominant source of HSCs for transplantation. The major factors determining the rate of successful HSC transplantation include the degree of human leukocyte antigen matching between the donor and recipient and the number of HSCs for transplantation. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or combined with plerixafor (AMD3100) are clinical used methods to promote HSC mobilization from BM to the peripheral blood for HSC transplantations. However, a significant portion of healthy donors or patients may be poor mobilizers of G-CSF, resulting in an insufficient number of HSCs for the transplantation and necessitating alternative strategies to increase the apheresis yield. The detailed mechanisms underlying G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current research on deciphering the mechanism of HSC mobilization.
A dynamical characterization for monogenity at every level of some infinite -towers
Authors: Castillo Marianela
Published: October 2021

We consider a concrete family of
$2$
-towers
$(\mathbb {Q}(x_n))_n$
of totally real algebraic numbers for which we prove that, for each
$n$
,
$\mathbb {Z}[x_n]$
is the ring of integers of
$\mathbb {Q}(x_n)$
if and only if the constant term of the minimal polynomial of
$x_n$
is square-free. We apply our characterization to produce new examples of monogenic number fields, which can be of arbitrary large degree under the ABC-Conjecture.
The effects of information-seeking behaviours on prevention behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating effects of anxiety and fear in Korea
Authors: Kim Kwanghyun , Yang Jisu , Jeon Ye Jin , Lee Yu Jin , Lee Youngrong , Kim Hyeon Chang , Koenen Karestan , Kim Yong-Chan , Jung Sun Jae
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: Identifying determinants of prevention behaviours during the emergence of a new infectious disease is important. We investigated the associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mediating effects of psychiatric factors.METHODS: In total, 1,970 participants from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Etiology Research Center cohort participated in an online survey 55 days after the first COVID-19 case in Korea was diagnosed. Time spent seeking information related to COVID-19; information sources; psychiatric factors, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and the fear of COVID-19; and prevention behaviours were examined. The mediating effect of psychiatric factors was estimated using mediation analysis.RESULTS: Time spent seeking information and information sources affected several behavioural responses. In men, anxiety mediated associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours, including purchasing sanitary supplies (effect size [ES], 0.038; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002 to 0.095) and hoarding (ES, 0.029; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.068). The fear of COVID-19 also mediated associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours including refraining from going out (men: ES, 0.034; 95% CI, 0.009 to 0.068; women: ES, 0.052; 95% CI, 0.030 to 0.080), wearing face masks (men: ES, 0.085; 95% CI, 0.031 to 0.184), avoiding public transportation (men: ES, 0.020; 95% CI, 0.000 to 0.044; women: ES, 0.031; 95% CI, 0.015 to 0.051), hoarding (women: ES, 0.051; 95% CI, 0.029 to 0.792), and trying alternative remedies (men: ES, 0.024; 95% CI, 0.004 to 0.053). Depressive symptoms and PTSS did not have any mediating effects.CONCLUSIONS: While the availability of information related to COVID-19 can help prevent infections, it can also promote anxiety and fear, leading to negative behaviours such as hoarding and trying unverified alternative treatments.
Unsettled Issues in Additive Manufacturing and Improved Sustainability in the Mobility Industry
Authors:   The Barnes Global Advisors, Slattery Kevin , Fu Eliana ,   Trumpf
Published: October 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” is often touted as a sustainable technology, especially for metal components, since it produces either net or near-net shapes versus traditionally machined pieces from larger mill products. While traditional machining from mill products is often the case in aerospace, most of the metal parts used in the world are made from flat-rolled metal and are quite efficient in utilization. Additionally, some aspects of the AM value chain are often not accounted for when determining sustainability. Unsettled Issues in Additive Manufacturing and Improved Sustainability in the Mobility Industry uses a set of scenarios to compare the sustainability of parts made using additive and conventional technologies for both the present and future (2040) states of manufacturing.
Unsettled Topics Concerning Airport Cybersecurity Standards and Regulation
Authors:   Afuzion Inc., David Aharon
Published: October 2021

A large international airport is a microcosm of the entire aviation sector, hosting hundreds of different types of aviation and non-aviation stakeholders: aircraft, passengers, airlines, travel agencies, air traffic management and control, retails shops, runway systems, building management, ground transportation, and much more. Their associated information technology and cyber physical systems—along with an exponentially resultant number of interconnections—present a massive cybersecurity challenge. Unlike the physical security challenge, which was treated in earnest throughout the last decades, cyber-attacks on airports keep coming, but most airport lack essential means to confront such cyber-attacks. These missing means are not technical tools, but rather holistic regulatory directives, technical and process standards, guides, and best practices for airports cybersecurity—even airport cybersecurity concepts and basic definitions are missing in certain cases. Unsettled Topics Concerning Airport Cybersecurity Standards and Regulation offers a deeper analysis of these issues and their causes, focusing on the unique characteristics of airports in general, specific cybersecurity challenges, missing definitions, and conceptual infrastructure for the standardization and regulation of airports cybersecurity. This last item includes the gaps and challenges in the existing guides, best-practices, standards, and regulation pertaining to airport cybersecurity. Finally, practical solution-seeking processes are proposed, as well as some specific potential frameworks and solutions.
Factors Influencing the Entrustment of Resident Operative Autonomy: Comparing Perceptions of General Surgery Residents and Attending Surgeons
Authors: Senders Zachary J. , Brady Justin T. , Ladhani Husayn A. , Marks Jeffrey , Ammori John B.
Published: October 2021

Background

General surgery residents may be underprepared for practice, due in part to declining operative autonomy during training. The factors that influence entrustment of autonomy in the operating room are unclear.

Objective

To identify and compare the factors that residents and faculty consider influential in entrustment of operative autonomy.

Methods

An anonymous survey of 29-item Likert-type scale (1–7, 1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree), 9 multiple-choice, and 4 open-ended questions was sent to 70 faculty and 45 residents in a large ACGME-approved general surgery residency program comprised of university, county, and VA hospitals in 2018.

Results

Sixty (86%) faculty and 38 (84%) residents responded. Faculty were more likely to identify resident-specific factors such as better resident reputation and higher skill level as important in fostering entrustment. Residents were more likely to identify environmental factors such as a focus on efficiency and a litigious malpractice environment as impeding entrustment. Both groups agreed that work hour restrictions do not decrease autonomy and entrustment does not increase risk to patients. More residents considered low faculty confidence level as a barrier to operative autonomy, while more faculty considered lower resident clinical skill as a barrier. Improvement in resident preparation for cases was cited as an important intervention that could enhance entrustment.

Conclusions

Differences in perspectives exist between general surgery residents and faculty regarding entrustment of autonomy. Residents cite environmental and attending-related factors, while faculty cite resident-specific factors as most influential. Residents and faculty both agree that entrustment is integral to surgical training.
Comprehensive Reform and Greater Equity in Applying to Residency—Trainees' Mixed Responses to a Pass/Fail USMLE Step 1
Authors: Ganesh Kumar Nishant , Pontell Matthew E. , Makhoul Alan T. , Drolet Brian C.
Published: October 2021

Background

Pass/fail USMLE Step 1 score reporting may have varying implications for trainees of different demographic and training backgrounds.

Objective

To characterize the perspectives of a diverse cohort of trainees on the impact of pass/fail Step 1 score reporting.

Methods

In 2020, 197 US and international medical school deans and 822 designated institutional officials were invited to distribute anonymous electronic surveys among their trainees. Separate surveys for medical students and residents/fellows were developed based on the authors' prior work surveying program directors on this topic. Underrepresented in medicine (UiM) was defined in accordance with AAMC definitions. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed, and results were considered statistically significant with P < .05.

Results

A total of 11 633 trainees responded (4379 medical students and 7254 residents/fellows; 3.3% of an estimated 285 000 US trainees). More students favored the score reporting change than residents/fellows (43% vs 31%; P < .001; 95% CI 0–24). Trainees identifying as UiM were more likely to favor the change (50% vs 34%; P < .001; 95% CI 0–32) and to agree it would decrease socioeconomic disparities (44% vs 25%; P < .001; 95% CI 0–38) relative to non-UiM trainees. Nearly twice as many osteopathic and international medical graduate students felt they would be disadvantaged compared to MD students because of pass/fail score reporting (61% vs 31%; P < .001; 95% CI 0–60).

Conclusions

Trainee perspectives regarding USMLE Step 1 score reporting are mixed. UiM trainees were more likely to favor the score reporting change, while osteopathic and international medical students were less in favor of the change.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Open Access, Level-Specific, Core Content Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Grabow Moore Kristen , Ketterer Andrew , Wheaton Natasha , Weygandt Paul Logan , Caretta-Weyer Holly A. , Berberian Jeremy , Jordan Jaime
Published: October 2021

Background

Leaders in graduate medical education must provide robust clinical and didactic experiences to prepare residents for independent practice. Programs traditionally create didactic experiences individually, requiring tremendous resources with variable content exposure and quality.

Objective

We sought to create and implement a free, open access, learner-centric, level-specific, emergency medicine (EM) residency curriculum.

Methods

We developed Foundations of Emergency Medicine (FoEM) Foundations I and II courses using Kern's model of curriculum development. Fundamental topics were identified through content guidelines from the American Board of Emergency Medicine. We incorporated learner-centric strategies into 2 flipped classroom, case-based courses targeting postgraduate year (PGY) 1 and PGY-2 residents. The curriculum was made freely available online in 2016. Faculty and resident users were surveyed annually for feedback, which informed iterative refinement of the curriculum.

Results

Between 2016 and 2020, registration for FoEM expanded from 2 sites with 36 learners to 154 sites and 4453 learners. In 2019, 98 of 102 (96%) site leaders and 1618 of 2996 (54%) learners completed the evaluative survey. One hundred percent of responding leaders and 93% of learners were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with FoEM content. Faculty and residents valued FoEM's usability, large volume of content, quality, adaptability, organization, resident-faculty interaction, and resident-as-teacher opportunities. Challenges to implementation included resident attendance, conference structure, technology limitations, and faculty engagement.

Conclusions

We developed and implemented a learner-centric, level-specific, national EM curriculum that has been widely adopted in the United States.
Trudności tłumaczenia Pana Tadeusza Adama Mickiewicza na język arabski na podstawie mojego przekładu Księgi pierwszej
Authors: Sh’hadeh Jousef
Published: October 2021

Difficulties in Translating Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz into Arabic on the Basis of my Translation of Book One

My task of translating Pan Tadeusz was accompanied by various complications which concerned not only the form (metrics, rhythm, and rhymes), but also the proper rendering of the meaning of individual words and intricate idioms. Book One of Pan Tadeusz in my translation has not yet been published, as I am working on subsequent books. Due to various difficulties, the translation of this work is a very complex process that requires much care and a huge investment of time. Polish and Arabic are separate crucibles of very different cultures and social environments. There is no doubt that the language of poetry has specific rhythmic and morphological features. This increases the complexity of translation, since apart from mastering the language and understanding precisely the meaning of phrases and expressions, the translator needs to grasp the sense of metaphors and preserve the form of a poem to a lesser or greater extent. As for the form, I initially used eight feet in each verse. However, this method turned out to be imperfect, because the use of eight-foot verse significantly lengthens the text compared to the original. That is why I finally used the format of a thirteen-syllable poem, as in the work of Mickiewicz. However, this is a very difficult task and a huge challenge because Arabic words very often contain more syllables than their Polish counterparts, and unfortunately in most cases they cannot be translated into words with fewer syllables. Despite the difficulties of searching for rhymes and at the same time rendering the content of the verse, the rhymes have been kept in the same order as in the original, i.e. even rhymes (aabb). The abundance of synonyms in the Arabic language made this matter much easier.
Братья Карамазовы we władzy polskich (re)translacji
Authors: Kraskowska Ewa
Published: October 2021

Братья Карамазовы in the Power of Polish (Re)translations

The article discusses Kinga Rozwadowska’s monograph book Przekład i władza. Polskie tłumaczenia Braci Karamazow Fiodora Dostojewskiego [Translation and Power: Polish Translations of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Brothers Karamazov] (Kraków 2018). Before presenting the book, the reviewer refers to translation series as a research problem and discusses elements of retranslation theory. The merit of Rozwadowska’s book lies primarily in its methodological innovativeness: the author combines contemporary cultural discourse on translation with the discourse on power and with Mihail Bakhtin’s concepts of novelistic polyphony and the dialogic word. Moreover, the Rozwadowska discusses and evaluates not only the translation series, but also the current situation of the examined translations on Polish publishing market. The adoption of a cultural perspective does not entail abandoning traditional translation analysis based on philological examination and comparison of textual material. This procedure is successfully applied in the second part of the monograph, devoted to ten selected elements of Dostoyevsky’s novel, which illustrates specific translation problems. The comparative analyses and interpretations of individual elements of the translation series are also evaluated highly by the reviewer, although not without minor polemical remarks.
EFFECT OF CHROMIUM COATINGS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Zr1Nb FUEL CLADDINGS IN LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Belous V.А. , Voyevodin V.N. , Gozhenko S.V. , Krainyuk Y.А. , Kuprin А.S. , Оvcharenko V.D. , Savchenko V.I. , Shramchenko S.V.
Published: October 2021

This study was aimed at investigating the chromium coating effect on the mechanical properties of Zr1Nb fuel claddings in the case of a tensile fracture in longitudinal and transverse directions at temperatures of 20 and 350 °С. Tests were carried out using the samples of a similar shape, namely, with an equal test portion length that is important for comparison of results. The obtained results have shown that at a test temperature of 20 °С the mechanical properties of initial samples are higher in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction. The ductility is slightly higher at T = 350 °С in the longitudinal direction, and σ0.2 and σв are practically equal. The preliminary deformation of ring samples increases their ductility from 23 to 34% independently on the test temperature. Deposition of the chromium coatings on the samples leads to the slight increase of mechanical properties in the transverse direction and decrease of σ0.2 with unchanged σв and δ% in the longitudinal direction at the room test temperature, and at 350 °С it practically do not change the properties of coated samples in both the directions except the ring sample ductility decrease.
Espaçamento e descontinuação de imunobiológicos em pacientes com artrite reumatoide
Authors: Chaer Fernanda Gonçalves , Torigoe Dawton
Published: October 2021

É provável que nenhuma outra doença reumática tenha passado por tantas mudanças nos últimos 20 anos como a artrite reumatoide (AR). Avanços no diagnóstico, novas opções terapêuticas e novas estratégias de tratamento foram acrescentadas em nossa rotina na abordagem do paciente com AR.
Uma lista das mais significativas mudanças incluiriam: os novos critérios de classificação da AR; anti-CCP no diagnóstico e como fator de risco de agressividade;
surgimento dos anti-TNFs e outros agentes biológicos; importância do tratamento precoce da doença ou a “janela de oportunidade” terapêutica; utilização de escores compostos na avaliação da atividade da doença; buscar o controle da atividade inflamatória por meio de acompanhamento rigoroso e com retornos mensais, ou seja, o tight control; tratar tendo como alvo terapêutico a remissão ou, ao menos, a baixa atividade de doença com reajustes periódicos das medicações, o Treat to target;
Essas mudanças trouxeram uma nova perspectiva para os pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Atualmente, os pacientes com AR apresentam melhor qualidade de vida, menor risco de complicações sistêmicas, menor necessidade de cirurgias corretivas e até mesmo maior expectativa de vida.
Por outro lado, as novas estratégias de tratamento trouxeram também outras dificuldades. Por exemplo, um maior risco de eventos adversos, sobretudo as complicações infecciosas. Além disso, devido a seus custos, o tratamento a longo prazo com os imunobiológicos resulta em um alto impacto econômico.
Desse modo, é de fundamental importância não somente a indicação correta desses medicamentos, mas também o melhor momento para a redução ou a suspensão dos imunobiológicos.
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre espaçamento e descontinuação do uso de imunobiológicos em pacientes com AR que atingiram remissão clínica.
Cuidados para prescrição de biológicos: atualizações no rastreamento e seguimento com ênfase no risco infeccioso
Authors: Bonfiglioli Karina
Published: October 2021

As recomendações de segurança no manejo de medicamentos imunobiológicos estão em constante reformulação, acompanhando a experiência cumulativa crescente das grandes coortes e estudos de registro. Sumarizamos, a seguir, as recomendações mais atualizadas para o rastreamento e seguimento de eventos infecciosos na vigência do tratamento com drogas modificadoras do curso da doença (DMCD) biológicas em doenças reumáticas.
Biomarcadores no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
Authors: Postal Mariana , Appenzeller Simone
Published: October 2021

O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune sistêmica com períodos de atividade e remissão. A incidência e prevalência do LES varia entre estudos de acordo com as diferentes regiões geográficas e raça das populações estudadas. No Brasil, há poucos estudos, sendo estimada uma incidência de 8,7 casos por 100.000 pessoas/ano em Natal e de 4,8 por 100.000 pessoas/ano em Cascavel e uma prevalência de 98 casos por 100.000 pessoas em Montes Claros.
Embora a primeira descrição de LES tenha sido relatada em 855 a.C. pelo arcebispo Hebernus, o diagnóstico e tratamento do LES permanece desafiador nos dias de hoje, devido a sua heterogeneidade na apresentação clínica, no curso da doença e na resposta ao tratamento. Diferenciar atividade de doença de diversos diagnósticos diferenciais presentes ao diagnóstico e na reativação da doença é fundamental para o tratamento adequado do paciente. Esse processo poderia ser facilitado na presença de biomarcadores específicos para doença. Neste artigo iremos revisar os principais biomarcadores associados ao diagnóstico da doença, a atividade da doença e ao tratamento.
Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, da bancada ao consultório: opinião do especialista, desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Latorre Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2021

O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), por ser uma das mais desafiadoras doenças da clínica médica, faz com que o reumatologista necessite sempre estar atualizado com relação aos constantes avanços no conhecimento de sua etiopatogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento. Poucos especialistas não reumatologistas arriscam-se a seguir o paciente com a doença. Detalhes técnicos e experiência clínica são fundamentais e levam, cada vez mais, a um melhor controle da doença, com consequente melhora da sobrevida e da qualidade de vida.
Auxiliares de marcha em reumatologia
Authors: Jennings Fabio
Published: October 2021

Os auxiliares de marcha são equipamentos amplamente utilizados e representam mais de 50% das aquisições de equipamentos médicos duráveis, significando cerca de 8% dos gastos gerais. Esses equipamentos têm como funções biomecânicas o aumento da base de sustentação do indivíduo, a diminuição ou retirada total da sobrecarga sobre o membro afetado e o auxílio para a propulsão e frenagem durante a marcha.
Os auxiliares de marcha mais utilizados são a bengala, a muleta e o andador. Esses equipamentos auxiliam pacientes com deficiências na amplitude de movimento, força, estabilidade articular, coordenação e resistência muscular. Os benefícios clínicos decorrentes de sua utilização são: redução de dor articular do membro ou articulação afetado(a); melhora da mobilidade; compensação da fraqueza muscular do membro afetado; aquisição da habilidade de marcha após trauma; melhora da confiança e segurança; efeitos psicológicos positivos pela melhora da dor e da mobilidade.
Sexualidade e doenças reumáticas
Authors: Abdo Carmita H. N.
Published: October 2021

A atividade sexual satisfatória é um dos pilares da qualidade de vida, envolvendo das preliminares ao intercurso sexual, mecanismos neurológicos, vasculares, endocrinológicos, musculoesqueléticos, psicossociais, culturais, além do parceiro sexual e fatores individuais (autoestima, imagem corporal e habilidade pessoal).
A disfunção sexual consiste na incapacidade para participar do ato sexual com satisfação, comprometendo desejo e/ou excitação e/ou orgasmo. Pode também se apresentar como dor que antecede, ocorre durante ou após o ato. Os numerosos fatores de risco para a disfunção sexual explicam sua alta prevalência nas diferentes fases da vida, podendo apresentar etiologia orgânica, psicossocial e/ou sociodemográfica. Entre estes últimos citam-se idade avançada, renda familiar baixa e educação precária. Quanto aos fatores orgânicos, encontram-se: deficiência hormonal, hipertensão arterial, diabetes, cardiopatias, neuropatias, alcoolismo, tabagismo, uso de drogas ilícitas, bem como uso de alguns medicamentos. Depressão e ansiedade respondem pelas causas psiquiátricas mais comuns de disfunção sexual.
A prevalência é alta em homens, especialmente nos casos de disfunção erétil (DE) e de ejaculação precoce (EP). O mesmo se observa nas mulheres, quanto à diminuição do desejo, falta de lubrificação vaginal, transtornos do orgasmo e dor ao intercurso sexual.
Por comprometer a satisfação sexual e a satisfação com a vida, a disfunção sexual resulta em menor qualidade de vida, baixa autoestima, depressão, ansiedade e prejuízo na relação interpessoal e dos parceiros.
Doenças crônicas podem conduzir ao desinteresse sexual e à falta dessa atividade, por baixa autoestima e preocupação quanto à imagem corporal, por exemplo.
A depressão também reduz a libido, deteriorando a qualidade do relacionamento sexual. Os pacientes, ansiosos sobre sua habilidade em satisfazer o parceiro, com o tempo desenvolvem ansiedade antecipatória e, pelo receio de falhar, acabam evitando o intercurso. Fadiga e estresse também acompanham as doenças crônicas, podendo contribuir para a disfunção sexual.
Congruencia entre técnicas de evaluación y alcance de competencias en los estudiantes
Authors: Cuyún Fernández Wendy Maricruz
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: identificar las técnicas de evaluación más utilizadas por los docentes para la verificación de los aprendizajes en los estudiantes y  que responden a un currículum basado en competencias. MÉTODO: el enfoque que se empleó fue mixto, con diseño anidado concurrente de modelo dominante, con una muestra no probabilística y homogénea, realizado en el Instituto Mixto Nocturno Municipal de San Miguel Dueñas, Sacatepéquez mediante la aplicación de los instrumentos: entrevista  a ocho docentes,  encuesta  a 41 estudiantes y lista de cotejo en el análisis documental de planificaciones didácticas y guías autoformativas de aprendizaje. RESULTADOS: en este estudio es curioso que en los hallazgos encontrados son compatibles,  las técnicas de evaluación: mapas conceptuales y cuestionarios como procesos de evaluación más frecuentes en el aprendizaje y existe una gran discrepancia entre las demás técnicas de evaluación que mencionaron los docentes, los estudiantes y las contempladas dentro de las guías autoformativas y planificaciones didácticas. CONCLUSIÓN: las técnicas de evaluación más utilizadas por los docentes para la verificación de los aprendizajes en los estudiantes son los mapas conceptuales y cuestionarios, y en pocas ocasiones emplean los proyectos, debates, investigaciones, estudios de casos, ensayos, mapas mentales, diagramas y portafolios, en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes mediante un currículum por competencias.
Enseñanza de la lengua inglesa en bachilleratos rurales: condiciones de la transición hacia la educación superior
Authors: Berzunza Criollo Milton Carlos , Garrido Ayala Suemy del Rosario , Estrella Moguel César Eduardo
Published: October 2021

La Universidad de Oriente en Valladolid, Yucatán, recibe cada año a estudiantes de comunidades rurales, quienes llegan con niveles inferiores a los deseables en el dominio del idioma inglés, de acuerdo con el diagnóstico obtenido. Por ello, se analizaron como variables de las estrategias de enseñanza los recursos didácticos y la percepción acerca de la utilidad de esa lengua para el desarrollo académico, profesional o laboral, con el objetivo de determinar las condiciones de la enseñanza de dicha lengua, encontrándose que se perpetúan prácticas tradicionales para la instrucción, condicionadas por la carencia de materiales o tecnologías a disposición de un bachillerato en la comunidad de Temozón.

AbstractThe University of East Valladolid, Yucatan, receives students from rural communities every year who, according to diagnostic results, arrive with inferior levels of English than those desired. We analyzed variables such as teaching strategies, educational resources, and the perception held of the language as a means of academic, professional, or work-related development, with the objective of determining the conditions of instruction of this language, where traditional practices perpetuate, conditioned by the lack of materials or technology available to a high school in the community of Temozón.
Pedagogía y sexualidad
Authors: González Griselda , Tapia Fonllem Margarita Elena , Terrazad Domínguez Angélica de Guadalupe
Published: October 2021

Esta ponencia aborda la producción de conocimiento sobre sexualidad, surgida de las tesis de estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Pedagogía, de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, unidad Ajusco, de 1992 a 2018. El objetivo es conocer qué se ha investigado sobre la sexualidad, considerando: temas, niveles educativos, propuestas pedagógicas y temas emergentes. Se busca también actualizar programas de sexualidad y mejorar la asesoría al estudiantado en sus investigaciones sobre el tema.

Abstract

This paper contains accounts of knowledge production based on sexuality arising from pedagogy students’ theses studying in the National Pedagogical University (Universidad Pedagógica Nacional-UPN), Ajusco Unit between 1992 to 2018. The objective is to become aware of what has been investigated on sexuality, considering topics such as educational levels, pedagogic proposals, and emerging issues. We also seek to make a proposal to update programs on sexuality and improve student counseling during their investigations on this subject. With the use of qualitative, exploratory and document analysis methodologies, 154 theses were found in which, the majority investigated middle school levels, focusing on sex education as the most analyzed.