bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Versus Horizontal Finishing Lines for Dental Preparations: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bonfanti‐Gris Monica , Pradies Guillermo , Moron‐Conejo Belen , Gil Alfonso , Martinez‐Rus Francisco
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the influence of horizontal and vertical dental preparation techniques on tooth‐supported fixed restorations, with specific focus on survival and success rates, periodontal‐related variables, and patient‐reported outcome (PROs) measures.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of relevant randomized and controlled clinical trials (RCTs/CCTs), prospective/retrospective cohort studies, and case series with a minimum follow‐up period of 3 years was performed across electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane) up to January 2024. Primary outcomes included success and survival rates, and secondary outcomes included periodontal variables, both mechanical and biological complications, and PROs. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Of the 837 articles initially identified, 19 were included in the final analysis. A meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the preparation techniques using survival and success rates as the main outcomes. Additionally, periodontal variables were analyzed.

Results

The included studies varied in design, follow‐up duration, restoration type, and materials used. Survival rates showed no significant differences between vertical and horizontal techniques (risk ratio (RR) 0.96–1.04, p = 0.95). Additionally, success rates (RR 0.93–1.14, p = 0.53) and periodontal variables also showed varied results with no clear preference for either technique.

Conclusions

Both the horizontal and vertical preparation techniques exhibited comparable survival and success rates for dental restorations. Given that there was no significant difference in outcomes between the two, the choice of technique may depend on the clinician's preference and specific clinical scenarios.
Rates and predictors of opioid deprescribing after fracture: A retrospective study of Medicare fee‐for‐service claims
Authors: Pritchard Kevin T. , Yang Chun‐Ting , Chen Qiaoxi , Zhang Yichi , Wilkins James M. , Kim Dae Hyun , Lin Kueiyu Joshua
Published: December 2024

Background

Adults with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (ADRD) or frailty are susceptible to fractures. Opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed after fractures. Documenting post‐fracture opioid discontinuation rates and predictors of discontinuation among adults with ADRD or frailty can inform clinical practice, identify potential disparities, and improve pain management guidelines. The objective of this paper was to investigate opioid discontinuation in opioid‐naïve older adults who used opioids after an acute fracture.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included opioid‐naïve Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries (N = 33,027) ≥65 years of age who filled an opioid prescription within 30 days of a vertebral, lower extremity, or upper extremity fracture from 2013 to 2018. Beneficiaries were classified according to ADRD (yes/no) and frailty (yes/no) status using validated claims‐based algorithms. The primary outcome was opioid discontinuation, defined as a 30‐day supply gap. We estimated discontinuation rates with the Kaplan–Meier method and identified predictors of opioid discontinuation using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

The 30‐day opioid discontinuation rate was similar among non‐frail beneficiaries without ADRD (81% [95% CI, 80%–81%]) and those who were non‐frail with ADRD (83% [81%–84%]). Comparatively, 30‐day discontinuation rates were lower among those with frailty and ADRD (76% [75%–77%]) and those with frailty alone (77% [75%–78%]). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health status, healthcare utilization, and calendar year, beneficiaries with both ADRD and frailty (HR, 0.90 [0.87–0.93]) and those with frailty alone (HR, 0.85 [0.82–0.89]), but not those with ADRD alone (HR, 1.06 [1.01–1.10]), were less likely to discontinue opioids compared with those without ADRD or frailty.

Conclusions and Relevance

Our findings suggest that frailty, but not ADRD, was associated with a lower likelihood of opioid discontinuation among older adults who initiated opioids after an acute fracture. Further research is needed to understand how opioid deprescribing practices depend on patient and provider preferences.
Perceptions of rural Australian adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 about the role of dietary intervention in their health and access to dietetic care
Authors: Shelley Annette , Duncanson Kerith , Lambert Kelly
Published: December 2024

Background

Dietary modification is an important component of chronic kidney disease (CKD) management. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of people with earlier‐stage CKD living in rural Australia about the role of dietary intervention in their health and access to dietetic care.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 people with stage 3–4 CKD living in a rural Australian health district. Interview questions were guided by the principles of the appreciative inquiry study methodology. The thematic analysis involved inductive coding of data, discussions of emerging themes between co‐researchers as coding proceeded and thematic memoing to finalise the transformation of data into distinct themes.

Results

Three predominant themes were evident from the data. First, people with CKD expressed that ‘Dietary change empowers’ them in self‐management. Second, ‘Dietetics is valued’ in achieving dietary change. Third, it was clear that nephrologists had a key role in determining service access through ‘Awareness and advocacy’ of renal dietetic services.

Conclusions

People with CKD living in rural Australia desire early, specialised renal dietetic care. The unexpectedly high acceptability of less resource‐intensive technology for dietetic intervention suggests that there is an opportunity for service reorientation. Access to dietetic care could be enhanced by building on the key role of nephrologists in dietetic referral, service awareness and perception of value.
Quantitative Research Designs, Hierarchy of Evidence and Validity
Authors: Slater Paul , Hasson Felicity
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a summary of the main quantitative research designs. Quantitative research designs occur in a hierarchy of evidence, ranging from descriptive research designs such as cross‐sectional studies, and cohort designs, to more carefully constructed experimental designs like randomised control trials (RCT's). The quality of a study's findings is determined by factors affecting its internal validity and its application to other settings is gauged by its external validity.
Clinical Outcome of Intravenous Alteplase Treatment in Patients With Acute Mild Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Deguchi Ichiro , Takahashi Shinichi , Nakagami Toru , Arai Noriko , Kimura Ryutaro , Oryu Kiichiro , Kido Syunsuke , Kato Yuji , Hayashi Takeshi , Suda Satoshi
Published: December 2024

Background

The efficacy of intravenous alteplase therapy for acute cerebral infarction is well established, regardless of the ischemic stroke subtype. However, its effectiveness in patients with mild cerebral infarction remains controversial, raising concerns about the significance of the treatment.

Aim

To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of intravenous alteplase in patients with mild cerebral infarction and other factors affecting the outcome.

Methods

A total of 527 patients received intravenous alteplase (0.6 mg/kg) at our hospital between October 2012 and March 2023. Of these, 118 patients with mild cerebral infarction (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] ≤ 5) who were treated with intravenous alteplase without mechanical thrombectomy were retrospectively evaluated for treatment efficacy and the factors affecting the efficacy.

Results

The modified Rankin scale (mRS) outcome at 90 days was good (mRS: 0–1) in 85 (72%) patients and poor (mRS: 2–5) in 33 (28%) patients. Branch atheromatous disease (BAD) and proximal anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (proximal LVO: internal carotid artery and M1 segment of middle cerebral artery) were observed more frequently in the poor outcome group than in the good outcome group. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex, identified BAD and proximal LVO as factors associated with poor outcomes after intravenous alteplase treatment for mild cerebral infarction. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was observed in one patient with BAD.

Conclusion

Most patients with mild cerebral infarction who were treated with intravenous alteplase alone had good outcomes. BAD and proximal LVO were other factors influencing poor outcomes.
Transgressive Acts: Michel Foucault's Lessons on Resistance for Nurses
Authors: Moreno‐Mulet Cristina , Valdivielso‐Navarro Joaquín , Miró‐Bonet Margalida , Carrero‐Planells Alba , Gastaldo Denise
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we bring together Foucault's biography and oeuvre to explore key concepts that support the analysis of nurses' acts of resistance. Foucault reflected on the power relations taking place in health services, making his contribution especially useful for the analysis of resistance in this context. Over three decades, he proposed a nonnormative philosophy while concomitantly engaging in transgressive practices guided by values such as human rights and social justice. Hence, Foucault's philosophy and public activism are an apparent contradiction, but we argue that when analysed together they allow for a different understanding of his work. We describe the evolution of the concept of resistance in Foucault's work, supported by the approaches of Brent Picket (1996) and Miguel Morey (2013). Foucault started his work considering the idea of transgressiveness as it connects to being at the margins of society. He then spent considerable time elaborating the concept of power and identifying resistance strategies as forms of power exercise. In doing so, he considered that people engage with social change from multiple positions, including limited desire for change, fomenting reforms, or engaging in everyday revolutionary acts. As he further elaborated on power relations and defined resistance, Foucault asserted that resistance involves both repressive and productive dimensions of power, governance of biological life, state governance, and deliberate practices of illegalisms. Finally, Foucault shifted his attention to the freedom of ethical subjects, proposing the use of counter‐conduct and counter‐discourses to speak truth against oppression. Such framework offers a comprehensive lens for analysing nurses' acts of resistance within the complexities of the healthcare system and in society. In summary, Foucault's conceptual framework on resistance expands the role of nurses, to understand them not only as caregivers, but also as political agents capable of confronting and transforming oppressive institutional practices.
‘One school, two systems’: Navigating the geographies of alternative education in an elite primary school in China
Authors: Yuan Zhenjie , Xie Huiyu , Zhu Hong
Published: December 2024

Despite the global rise of alternative education as a response to the limitations of standardised methods, little attention has been given to how these systems coexist with mainstream education, particularly in non‐Anglophone contexts. This article addresses this gap by examining a distinctive primary school in Guangzhou, China, where alternative and mainstream education coexist on the same campus. Utilising the framework of spaces of prescription and negotiation, the study explores how alternative educational spaces navigate the constraints of China's centralised educational system while maintaining their distinctiveness. The findings reveal that T School strategically adapts mainstream educational spatial forms to support its elite education philosophy, thereby underscoring the fluid boundaries and dynamic interplay between alternative and mainstream education. This research advances the understanding of the spatial and temporal strategies that alternative education employs within standardised systems, offering insights into the adaptability of educational boundaries. Furthermore, the study illuminates the flexibility of spaces of prescription and negotiation within overlapping and interconnected power geometries. By adopting a critical and poststructuralist approach, the framework could enrich the understanding of the fluidity and negotiation of educational boundaries globally. The study's findings carry significant implications for policymakers and educators, guiding the development of more inclusive and responsive educational policies worldwide.
Boundary Strichartz estimates and pointwise convergence for orthonormal systems
Authors: Bez Neal , Kinoshita Shinya , Shiraki Shobu
Published: December 2024

We consider maximal estimates associated with fermionic systems. Firstly, we establish maximal estimates with respect to the spatial variable. These estimates are certain boundary cases of the many‐body Strichartz estimates pioneered by Frank, Lewin, Lieb and Seiringer. We also prove new maximal‐in‐time estimates, thereby significantly extending work of Lee, Nakamura and the first author on Carleson's pointwise convergence problem for fermionic systems.
The Effects of Fuel Cetane Number on Diesel Engines of Different Scale
Authors: Cowart Jim , Dickerson Terrence , Luning Prak Dianne
Published: December 2024

In this study, various cetane number fuels from 34 to 54 were operated in four instrumented (in-cylinder indicated metrics) diesel engines with bores ranging from 86 mm to 230 mm. The various cetane fuels were created from blends of renewable low cetane Alcohol-To-Jet (ATJ) Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with conventional jet and diesel fuels. The engines (CAT, EMD, MTU and Yanmar) had a range of fuel injection technologies which include pump-line-injector, unit injectors and high-pressure common rail. The engines were operated over a range of conditions specific to the given engine each with 8 different cetane number fuels. The high speed in-cylinder pressure data was analyzed using a single zone heat release model to determine conventional combustion metrics. These metrics were then normalized to the baseline operating fuel (diesel) for an indication of combustion sensitivity to fuel cetane number. It is seen that the smaller the engine’s bore, the greater the impact of reducing cetane number on the engine’s combustion (e.g. lengthening ignition delay). These results compare favorably with modeling work that shows smaller bore engines have a higher cylinder surface area to volume and thus greater heat losses of the in-cylinder charge. Cooler charge temperatures lead to longer ignition delays, especially with the lower cetane number fuels. These results are further compared to alternative fuels acceptance metrics. The smallest of the diesel engines tested was found to be the most sensitive to reduced cetane fuels. The largest engine tested was relatively insensitive to the fuels cetane number.
About the Use of Oxyfuel Combustion Engines to Assess the Heat and Power Flexibility Needs of Decarbonised E-Fuel Synthesis Plants While Keeping the Circularity of O2 and CO2 in the Process
Authors: Serrano José R. , Arnau Francisco J. , Piqueras Pedro , Contreras-Jimenez Diego , Ariztegui Javier , Oliva Fermín
Published: December 2024

This study investigates oxy-fuel combustion (OFC) applied to reciprocating internal combustion engines for a flexible Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant with carbon capture. Utilizing one-dimensional (1-D) modelling software, the engine and associated components are modelled to generate operating maps based on control strategies.

Three control loops are employed: a lambda regulator maintaining a constant O2/fuel ratio, variable Inlet Valve Closing (IVC) adjusting exhaust temperature by varying trapped mass, and a valve regulating intake pressure through exhaust back-pressure, pressurizing the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) line to control EGR flow.

Analysis reveals a correlation between brake efficiency, mechanical power, and Start of Combustion (SoC), while heat production associates more closely with fuel injection. OFC consistently exhibits lower brake efficiency than conventional configurations but yields increased heat at the exhaust.
Toward the 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency: A 1D/3D Numerical Analysis of an Active Pre-Chamber for a SI Heavy-Duty Gas Engine
Authors: Di Maio Dario , Napolitano Pierpaolo , Guido Chiara , Sforza Lorenzo , Lucchini Tommaso , Golini Stefano , Rapetto Nicola
Published: December 2024

Innovative spark ignition heavy-duty engines with active pre-chamber combustion systems represent a promising and viable technology towards a marked reduction in pollutant emissions, with increased performance and reduced fuel consumption.

Through a parallel and combined 1D/3D simulation methodology, cruise point and rated torque operating conditions were analyzed to assess the increase of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) under two ultra-lean conditions: air-to-fuel ratio equal to 1.7 and 1.9.

The boundary conditions for the 3D-RANS numerical activity are provided by a 1D model of a single cylinder engine, properly calibrated according to experimental data detected by a large bore heavy-duty engine fueled by compressed natural gas (CNG). To evaluate the alignment between the two simulation platforms, the combustion process evolution, together with the turbulent flame propagation profiles obtained from 3D-CFD simulations, are used again iteratively in the 1D engine model to assess the in-cylinder pressures and heat release rate.

A sensitivity analysis to the change in fuel percentage between pre-chamber and main-chamber was performed due to the deployment of a specific injection control logic.

The characterization was then extended by performing an increasing compression ratio (CR) parameterization. Further insights to the variation of spark advance and the intake and exhaust pressure drop are proposed, for the evaluation of the most favorable conditions.

The present analysis methodology revealed a detectable decrease in NOx emissions in view of the introduction of EURO VII regulations, and a comprehensive evaluation of the pre-chamber potential to reach 50% BTE target.
Isolated Low Temperature Heat Release From Binary Blends of Iso-Octane, N-Heptane and Ethanol in a Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: White Samuel P. , Leach Felix C. P.
Published: December 2024

The potential of using low temperature heat release (LTHR) to improve engine efficiency is of particular interest because of its effect on autoignition chemistry in spark ignition (SI) and advanced compression ignition engines (ACI). A recently developed method has been shown to isolate LTHR in SI engine conditions, paving the way for more detailed and sophisticated analyses of LTHR characteristics and chemistry under realistic engine conditions. Previous LTHR modelling work has suggested that residuals and residual chemistry have a significant impact on LTHR characteristics. Until now, studies on isolated LTHR have focused on single-component surrogates.

In this work, the effect of primary reference fuels (PRFs), binary blends of n-heptane and iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), alongside blends with ethanol on LTHR characteristics was studied. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder engine with SI geometry, motored (with the ignition system disabled) but with fuels injected. PRFs containing 50 and 75% isooctane by volume (i.e. PRF50 and PRF75) were tested, as well as pure n-heptane and iso-octane. In addition, blends of n-heptane and ethanol containing 10, 20 and 50% ethanol by volume were also tested. The blends were tested with inlet temperatures of 40°C to 140°C at an inlet pressure of 0.9 bar (absolute).

To simulate the effect of high temperature combustion residuals, a skip spark duty cycle was employed for ignition of a PRF80 blend. A Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) exhaust gas measurement system was employed to analyse the change in mixture composition as a result of experiencing LTHR. Ignition delay and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) simulations were performed with a gasoline surrogate chemical kinetic mechanism on CHEMKIN to assist with analysing the experimental data. At the conditions tested, the presence of iso-octane in the blend strongly reduced the intensity of LTHR whilst neat iso-octane exhibited no signs of LTHR due to its relatively lower reactivity at the conditions tested. Ignition delay contours were used to explain the results observed at the conditions tested and the HCCI modelling showed that as well as the n-heptane portion of the blends being almost entirely consumed during LTHR, significant fractions of iso-octane and ethanol were also consumed alongside it — as opposed to pro-rated consumption or single component consumption of n-heptane. Substituting ethanol into the blend reduced the LTHR intensity more dramatically because of ethanol’s interaction with n-heptane’s low temperature oxidation reactions. Skip firing was shown to have a small impact on the LTHR characteristics in cycles immediately after high temperature SI combustion cycles.
Soot Particle Number Prediction in GDI Engines: A Comprehensive Grey-Box Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ebrahimi Khashayar , Roggendorf Kevin , Kwon Hyuckmo , Kang Jinsuk
Published: December 2024

Particulate matter (PM) emissions, including soot, pose a significant environmental concern. Traditional emission control approaches, such as engine calibration, often struggle to maintain consistent performance across varying driving conditions, engine speeds, and loads. This inconsistency leads to variations in pollutant output, making it challenging for internal combustion engines to comply with stringent emission standards under real-world driving conditions. Physics-based soot models, grounded in complex mathematical equations, have been developed to capture the mechanisms of soot formation. However, these models often face accuracy limitations and require substantial computational resources, rendering them impractical for real-time emission control. In contrast, Machine Learning (ML) techniques offer a more versatile and efficient approach to soot prediction. This paper introduces a machine learning methodology for predicting Soot Particle Numbers (PN). The approach integrates both physics-based and black-box strategies to create a grey-box model for predicting soot emissions from a 1600 cc Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine across diverse load and speed conditions. The physical model is based on a validated 1D engine model in GT-SUITE, while the black-box model is formulated using multiple ML approaches exclusively on measured data. Ultimately, the grey-box model is developed through ML techniques based on measured data and combustion-related parameters obtained from the 1D engine physical model in GT-SUITE. The grey-box model’s results are compared with those of the black-box model. The ML techniques employed in this study include Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and an Ensemble of Regression Trees (ERT). The Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) and RreliefF feature selection methods are used to identify the most crucial features in soot PN prediction. The results indicate that the grey-box GPR exhibits superior performance for both single and multi-pulse injection strategies, achieving a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99.
Simultaneous High-Fidelity Rate of Injection Measurements in Each Hole of a Multi-Hole Diesel Injector
Authors: Perkins Chris , Thomasma Kevin , Agrawal Ajay K. , Bittle Joshua A.
Published: December 2024

The injection characteristics of multi-hole diesel fuel injectors play a pivotal role in determining engine performance including emissions. The rate of injection (ROI) of fuel through each hole, the injection duration, and the total amount of fuel injected are key parameters for engine development and modeling efforts. Historically, the total ROI of an injector has been measured using an apparatus that converts a pressure change to fuel mass flux from all holes. However, the momentum flux method relying on a force sensor affords the ability to measure the ROI of individual holes. In this work, a rigorously characterized ROI measurement system consisting of fast-response piezoelectric force transducers placed in front of each injector hole is utilized to analyze the behavior of four different multi-hole injectors: (a) new and used 8-hole injectors of the same model; the old injector was taken from a vehicle with more than 50,000 miles, and (b) a stock 7-hole injector and the same injector customized with different diameter holes varying from 100–300 μm. This study characterizes hole-to-hole variation of stock injectors and identifies effects of injector wear and non-uniform hole diameters on transient performance. By measuring ROI of each hole simultaneously, this study demonstrates how injector wear can be quantified, and how novel injector designs can be incorporated in modern engine designs. Results from this study provide valuable new information for engine design, analysis, and modeling.
Development of a Variational Autoencoder Model for Fuel Design
Authors: Yalamanchi Kiran K. , Pal Pinaki , Mohan Balaji , AlRamadan Abdullah S. , Badra Jihad A. , Pei Yuanjiang
Published: December 2024

In this work, a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) based modeling framework is developed with the overarching goal of fuel design. The VAE model is trained on a large dataset with several chemical species to learn a compressed latent space representation. The molecular structure is fed to the VAE encoder as SMILES string to extract the latent space representation, which is then decoded back to the SMILES string. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are employed to encode and decode SMILES strings by virtue of their ability to capture the sequential nature and hierarchical dependencies inherent in molecular structures, thus enhancing the model’s capability to effectively learn and generate meaningful representations of chemical compounds. The complexities of the corresponding loss function and its impact on the model’s ability to accurately reconstruct inputs are thoroughly examined, focusing on balancing the accuracy of reconstruction with consistency of the latent space. This ensures that the latent space captures meaningful and independent features underlying the molecular structure. The impact of varying weightage (beta (β) parameter) of the latent space regularization term in the loss function on the resultant balance between reconstruction accuracy and validity is assessed. Two different strategies for beta variation are evaluated: linear annealing and cyclic annealing. In addition, the impact of total correlation adjustment and hierarchical priors is also studied with regard to the balance between reconstruction fidelity and latent space regularization, and potential issues such as posterior collapse, over-regularization, and poor disentanglement of latent variables. Overall, the best performance of the model is achieved with hierarchical priors and incrementally increasing β from 0 to a threshold value of 0.25 over 75 epochs. The VAE can be readily coupled with Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) analysis to develop an integrated end-to-end framework for fuel-property prediction and molecular design of novel fuels.
Observation of low-resistance Al and Ni p-type ohmic contacts to dilute GeC and GeCSn alloys
Authors: Saha Jibesh K. , Taqy Saif A. A. , Sarkar Pallab K. , Rahaman Imteaz , Arbogast Augustus W. , Dey Tuhin , Dolocan Andrei , Reaz Rahman Munna Md. , Alam Khorshed , Wasserman Daniel , Bank Seth R. , Wistey Mark A.
Published: December 2024

Nickel and aluminum ohmic contacts were formed on p-doped GeC and GeCSn epitaxial films with ∼1%C. When a 40 nm p-GeC contact layer was added to p-Ge, annealed contact resistivity (Rc) dropped by 87% to 9.3 × 10−7 Ω cm2 for Al but increased by 32% to 2.9 × 10−5 Ω cm2 for Ni. On the other hand, thick films of GeCSn, which showed lower active doping, had contact resistivities of 4.4 × 10−6 Ω cm2 for Al and 1.4 × 10−5 Ω cm2 for Ni. In general, Al contacts were better than Ni, regardless of anneal, and were further improved by adding carbon. Annealing reduced Rc for both Ni and Al contacts to GeCSn by 4×, 2× for Al on GeC, and 5 orders of magnitude for Ni on GeC. It is speculated that C forms bonds with Ni that inhibit diffusion of Ni into the Ge, thus preventing the formation of low-resistance nickel germanide. Adding C, either as bulk GeCSn or as GeC contact layers, seems to significantly reduce the contact resistivity for Al contacts when compared to bulk Ge of comparable doping.
Greybody factor and quasinormal modes of scalar and Dirac field perturbation in Schwarzschild-de Sitter-like black hole in Bumblebee gravity model
Authors: Singh Yenshembam Priyobarta , Singh Telem Ibungochouba
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study the scalar and Dirac fields perturbation of Schwarzschild-de Sitter-like black hole in bumblebee gravity model. The effective potentials, greybody factors and quasinormal modes of the black hole are investigated by using the Klein–Gordon equation and Dirac equation. To compute the greybody factors for scalar and Dirac fields, we use the general method of rigorous bound. We also investigate the quasinormal mode using the third order WKB approximation method and Pöschl–Teller fitting method. The impact of Lorentz invariance violation parameter L and cosmological constant

$$\varLambda $$

Λ

to the effective potential, greybody factors and quasinormal modes are analyzed for different modes. Increasing the parameters

$$\varLambda $$

Λ

and L lower the effective potentials and consequently increases the rigorous bound on the greybody factors. Our findings show that the oscillation frequency and the damping rate decrease with increasing L. We analyze the Hawking temperature, power spectrum and sparsity of Hawking radiation. Both the peak of power spectrum and total power emitted decrease with increasing L. The effect of L on the shadow radius is also discussed.
Optimizing the Hybrid Feature Selection in the DNA Microarray for Cancer Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Entropy and the Giza Pyramid Construction Algorithm
Authors: Motevalli Masoumeh , Khalilian Madjid , Bastanfard Azam
Published: December 2024

Biotechnological analysis of DNA microarray genes provides valuable insights into the discovery and treatment of diseases such as cancer. It may also be crucial for the prevention and treatment of other genetic diseases. However, due to the large number of features and dimensions in a DNA microarray, the “curse of dimensions” problem is very common. Many machine learning methods require an effective subset of input genes to achieve high accuracy. Unfortunately, extracting features (genes) is an inherently NP-hard problem. Recently, the use of metaheuristics to overcome the NP-hardness of the feature extraction problem has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, we use the combination of fuzzy entropy and Giza Pyramid Construction (GPC) for feature selection. First, redundant features in the microarray dataset are removed using the fuzzy entropy approach. GPC is then used to reduce the execution time. This results in the selection of a near-optimal subset of genes for cancer detection. Dimensionality reduction with GPC followed by classification with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) creates a synergy to increase efficiency. The proposed method is tested on five well-known cancer patient datasets: leukemia, lymphoma, MLL, ovarian, and SRBCT. The performance of CNN was also measured with four well-known classifiers, including K-nearest neighbor, naïve Bayesian, decision tree, and logistic regression. Our results show that, on average, CNN has the highest accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure in all datasets.
Formal Model Engineering of Synchronous CPS Designs in AADL
Authors: Bae Kyungmin , Csaba Ölveczky Peter
Published: December 2024

Many cyber-physical systems (CPSs)-such as aircrafts, cars, robots, and manufacturing plants-have synchronous designs and are realized on platforms with bounded network delays and clock skews. This paper summarizes how we have: (i) defined modeling languages for synchronous CPS designs in the embedded systems modeling standard AADL, and (ii) integrated Maude-based formal model checking ("push-button") analysis of such AADL synchronous designs into the OSATE tool environment for AADL. This enables a "formal model engineering" approach which combines the convenience of domain-specific modeling with automatic "under-thehood" formal analysis. Furthermore, by the PALS synchronizers, the correctness of such synchronous designs implies the correctness of the much more complex and harder-to-analyze asynchronous implementations, greatly simplifying the task of designing and analyzing "virtually synchronous" CPSs.
LAMP: to shed light on AADL models
Authors: Dissaux Pierre
Published: December 2024

LAMP is an introspective analysis and processing framework for AADL. With LAMP, exploration, verification, transformation or any other processing rules are directly embedded inside the AADL model as annex subclauses. LAMP is based on the underlying LMP (Logic Model Processing) technology that itself leverages the Prolog language and a Prolog inference engine. This paper illustrates the use of LAMP by five practical use cases addressing some of the most important design issues in critical real-time software development.
Algebraic Effects and Static Analysis for Safety-Critical Applications in Fuzion
Authors: Siebert Fridtjof , Lill Michael , Teufel Max
Published: December 2024

This work-in-progress paper presents the introduction of algebraic effects to the Fuzion language and how algebraic effects can be used in the context of safety-critical systems.

Fuzion is a modern, general purpose programming language that unifies functional and object-oriented paradigms into a pure functional language. Algebraic effects are used to represent and manage non-functional aspects like I/O operations or mutable state. Static analysis is used extensively at several stages in the Fuzion toolchain to verify different correctness aspects of the application.

We start with a condensed overview of the Fuzion language to then describe how algebraic effects are used to represent non-functional aspects. The Fuzion toolchain will be explained and how static analysis is used to build and validate applications. Finally, it will be shown how algebraic effects can be used to model aspects relevant to safety-critical systems.
The Mental Health of Sexual Minority Individuals: Five Explanatory Theories and Their Implications for Intervention and Future Research
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Clark Kirsty A.
Published: December 2024

Research on the disparity in common mental health problems borne by sexual minority individuals has entered a stage of increasing theoretical complexity. Indeed, such a substantial disparity is likely not determined by a singular cause and therefore warrants diverse etiological perspectives tested with increasingly rigorous methodologies. The research landscape is made even more complex by the constant and rapid shift in the ways in which sexual minority people understand and characterize their own identities and experiences. This review introduces readers to this complexity by summarizing the historical legacy of research on the sexual orientation disparity in mental health, describing five contemporary theoretical explanations for this disparity and their supporting evidence, and suggesting theoretically informed interventions for reducing this disparity. Last, we offer an agenda for future research to accurately model the complexity of the pathways and solutions to the disproportionately poorer mental health of sexual minority populations.
Unfolding the Literature: A Review of Robotic Cloth Manipulation
Authors: Longhini Alberta , Wang Yufei , Garcia-Camacho Irene , Blanco-Mulero David , Moletta Marco , Welle Michael , Alenyà Guillem , Yin Hang , Erickson Zackory , Held David , Borràs Júlia , Kragic Danica
Published: December 2024

The realm of textiles spans clothing, households, healthcare, sports, and industrial applications. The deformable nature of these objects poses unique challenges that prior work on rigid objects cannot fully address. The increasing interest within the community in textile perception and manipulation has led to new methods that aim to address challenges in modeling, perception, and control, resulting in significant progress. However, this progress is often tailored to one specific textile or a subcategory of these textiles. To understand what restricts these methods and hinders current approaches from generalizing to a broader range of real-world textiles, this review provides an overview of the field, focusing specifically on how and to what extent textile variations are addressed in modeling, perception, benchmarking, and manipulation of textiles. We conclude by identifying key open problems and outlining grand challenges that will drive future advancements in the field.
Low-Gassing, Non-Flammable Liquid Electrolyte for Anode-Free Batteries
Authors: Rajendran Vinith Gandhi , Abraham Akhil M. , Xie Hezhen , van Bommel Andrew , Glazier Stephen
Published: December 2024

Lithium metal and anode-free batteries are generating significant interest due to their remarkably high energy density in a compact size, paving the way for extended range in electric vehicles. However, the high-voltage cathode and reactive lithium metal anode tend to catalyze the decomposition of conventional carbonate and ether-based electrolytes, leading to significant gassing, swelling, and rapid capacity fade. Additionally, these electrolytes contain one or more highly flammable components, reducing the overall safety by acting like a fuel during a thermal event. Here, we highlight the use of a non-flammable localized high-concentration electrolyte based on Triethyl Phosphate in a Copper (Cu) || LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) stacked pouch cell. This proposed electrolyte combination significantly reduces gassing, maintains non-flammability, and does not compromise on cycle life.
High Sensitivity Refractive Index and Temperature Sensor Based on D-Type Photonic Crystal Fiber Using Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Yang ZiQin , Ruan Juan , Li Xin , Tang Rui
Published: December 2024

An all-fiber refractive index and temperature sensor based on D-type photonic crystal fiber employing surface plasmon resonance is proposed. The sensor is constructed by a polishing surface and three layers of air holes. The coupling is enhanced by reducing the distance between the analyte and the fiber core through the polishing surface. The gold film coated on the polishing surface is applied to measure the refractive index. The results have shown that the refractive index sensitivity reaches up to 6125 nm RIU−1 in the measuring range of 1.37 ∼ 1.41 with a maximum sensitivity of 10400 nm RIU−1. The temperature measurement is realized by combining gold film and mixed liquid. The gold film is covered on the surface of the air hole in one layer and the mixed liquid is filled in the adjacent air hole in the same layer. The temperature sensitivity reaches up to 1.36 nm °C−1 in the measurement range of 0 ∼ 60 °C with a maximum temperature sensitivity of 2 nm °C−1. The proposed sensor is a good candidate for environmental monitoring and medical sensing applications due to its relatively high sensitivity.
Enhanced H2S Gas Sensing Performance of SnO2/BaSnO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Vu Thi-Nhai , Li Yun-Shen , Hsu Kuo-Chin , Hsiao Yu-Jen , Lu Yu-Sheng , Huang Ching-Chien , Fang Te-Hua
Published: December 2024

In this study, tin oxide (SnO2) nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning technology and composited with barium stannate (BaSnO3) perovskite material to produce a heterojunction film. X-ray diffractions results showed SnO2 was oriented at 550 °C with 4 h of calcination, and BaSnO3 was oriented at 700 °C with 4 h of calcination. SnO2 nanofibers are average deposits on the substrate without any bulking and curling. By employing the “point-coat” process and observing with scanning electron microscopy, a SnO2/BaSnO3 heterojunction thin film was successfully synthesized. After the gas detection, the sensitivity difference of the SnO2/BaSnO3 had enhanced to 40 ∼ 60% in 10 ppm of H2S at different temperatures compared with pure SnO2, and SnO2/BaSnO3 had maintained at 75 ∼ 76% sensitivity in 10 ppm of H2S at 255 °C.
An Improved Method for Predicting Mine Water Inrush Based on Temperature Changes With Nonlinear Flow in Fractal Porous Media
Authors: Bo Fuli , Zhao Jiyuan , Liu Weitao , Li Hao , Han Mengke
Published: December 2024

Using changes in ground temperature to reflect the flow status of groundwater is one of the methods for predicting mine water inrush. In this study, in order to make this method suitable for different geological conditions, an improved method for predicting mine water inrush is established based on the theories of heat transfer and nonlinear water flow in fractal porous media. A water inrush judging criterion based on the critical pressure gradient of nonlinear flow is first established. Then, an internal structural model of the crushed rocks and a mathematical model of nonlinear flow in crushed rocks are derived based on the fractal theory. Finally, a thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical (THM) coupling model is established to study the nonlinear water inrush process and temperature changes. The improved method is established based on the numerical simulation results of the THM coupling model. Results show that the water inrush judging criterion can simultaneously consider the water‐resisting capacity of intact and crushed rocks and quantitatively calculate the water‐resisting capacity of crushed rocks compared with the traditional method. The improved method is suitable for different cases with different water‐resisting capacities, ground temperature change ranges and gradients, and aquifer water pressures, which can improve the applicability of using ground temperature to predict mine water inrush.
Visual Neuroprostheses for Impaired Human Nervous System: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Outlook
Authors: Mahadiuzzaman A. S. M. , Hoque Md Enamul , Alam Shafiul , Chawdhury Zarin Tasnim , Hasan Mohiuddin , Rashid Adib Bin
Published: December 2024

Background: Visual neuroprostheses refer to devices or systems that restore the impaired visual system caused by severe degeneration or damage to the retina, optic nerve, or brain.

Current Status of the Topic: Current clinical applications encompass a wide range of areas, including various technologies such as introducing engineered living tissues or microfabricated photoreceptor arrays and implantable electronic microsystems, referred to as visual prostheses solutions to restore vision. Among them, visual neuroprosthesis harbors the most promising advantage by artificially receiving image information from the outside world and delivering it to the natural visual system, enabling the subject to obtain a meaningful perception of the image.

Problem Statement: Although the classification and the implementation of visual neuroprostheses have been discussed in several articles, very limited works have focused on the electrode‐based, up‐to‐date approaches incorporated into these devices.

Aim of the Study: This review discusses four main types of visual neuroprosthesis approaches, including retinal approaches, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) approaches, optic nerve approaches, and cortical approaches, along with their constituent electrodes, metals, and stimulation patterns. Using existing neuroscience knowledge, the prospects of these devices are also highlighted.
Synthesis of White Silica From “Joha Rice Husk” (A Special Rice Variety of Assam, India), Characterization and Determination of Its Point of Zero Charge (pHPZC)
Authors: Sarma Jyotirmoy , Rajkhowa Sanchayita , Das Sourav
Published: December 2024

In this study, the rice husk (RH) of “Joha rice” a unique rice variety of Assam (Northeast India) has been used as raw materials for synthesis of ash and silica powder. The combustion of the husk at 500°C for 1 h followed by further treatment at 800°C for 2 h in muffle furnace produces white rice husk ash (RHA). One part of RHA was kept as untreated, and the another part was acid treated. Silica was extracted from the untreated ash in the form of sodium silicate by treating with 2.5M NaOH at the boiling temperature. Then, silica was precipitated from sodium silicate by slow addition of 2.5M H2SO4. The broad x‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and characteristic peaks at d‐spacing, 8.3792 and 4.1489 with specific 2θ at ∼21.3° reveal the presence of amorphous SiO2 as major phase in the ash (both acid treated and untreated). The characteristic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic peaks at 470–450, 801, and 1100 cm−1 for different modes of Si‐O‐Si vibrations also support the presence of silica. The scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) revealed the morphology of the RHA as fine particles undergoing agglomeration probably due to hydrogen bonding between surface silanol groups present. The irregular rough morphology is a characteristic of the amorphous nature of the samples. The energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) showed that RHA composition was dominated by elements Si and O for both untreated and acid‐treated samples. For acid‐treated sample, the amount of Si and O is found to be comparatively higher than the untreated one due to surface cleaning. The point of zero charge (pHPZC) of the prepared samples was determined by a simple pH metric method. The pHPZC of the untreated RHA was found to be ∼ 9.8 ± 0.2. However, almost similar pHPZC values of the acid‐treated RHA silica and commercial silica (∼6.6 ± 0.2) indicate the effectiveness of acid treatment prior processing.
Figure S2 from B7-H3–Targeted CAR-Vδ1T Cells Exhibit Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity against Solid Tumors
Authors: Jiang Licui , You Fengtao , Wu Hai , Qi Changsong , Xiang Shufen , Zhang Ping , Meng Huimin , Wang Min , Huang Jiequn , Li Yafen , Chen Dan , An Gangli , Yang Nan , Zhang Bozhen , Shen Lin , Yang Lin
Published: December 2024

The B7-H3 expression of tumor cells involved in this study
Figure S1 from B7-H3–Targeted CAR-Vδ1T Cells Exhibit Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity against Solid Tumors
Authors: Jiang Licui , You Fengtao , Wu Hai , Qi Changsong , Xiang Shufen , Zhang Ping , Meng Huimin , Wang Min , Huang Jiequn , Li Yafen , Chen Dan , An Gangli , Yang Nan , Zhang Bozhen , Shen Lin , Yang Lin
Published: December 2024

Supporting data of Vδ1T cells preparation in vitro
Supplementary figure 3 from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes That Trigger Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Adhikari Manish , Sabol Hayley M. , Anloague Aric , Khan Sharmin , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Andreasen Christina Møller , Barnes Charles Lowry , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Palmieri Michela , Reyes-Castro Olivia , Zarrer Jennifer , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ambrogini Elena , Almeida Maria , O’Brien Charles A. , Nookaw Intawat , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: December 2024

Supplementary figure 3
Supplementary figure 16 from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes That Trigger Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Adhikari Manish , Sabol Hayley M. , Anloague Aric , Khan Sharmin , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Andreasen Christina Møller , Barnes Charles Lowry , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Palmieri Michela , Reyes-Castro Olivia , Zarrer Jennifer , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ambrogini Elena , Almeida Maria , O’Brien Charles A. , Nookaw Intawat , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: December 2024

Supplementary figure 16