bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of chemical compounds of horseshoe crabs Tachypleus gigas in different body proportions
Authors: Suwandi R , Nurjanah  , Ula M Z , Pertiwi R M
Published: December 2019

Horseshoe crabs are a marine animal that has been widely used empirically, but in Indonesia the exact bioactive compounds are unknown. People poisoning caused by consuming horseshoe crabs has also been reported. The aims of this study was to observe the bioactive compounds in every part of horseshoe crabs which suspected to be related to toxicity. The work was conducted to measure morphometrics, to count body proportions, and to determine phytochemical compositions, toxicity, and antioxidants in different body proportions. Female horseshoe crabs with average weight more than 500 g were obtained from the waters of Lamongan Regency in July 2018. The highest proportion of the different body parts was the shell and the lowest was viscera. Edible portions of horseshoe crabs were 45.39%. Meat contains low fat 1.97% and high fat in gonads 4.87%. The solvent that produces the best extracts from the gonads was ethanol and used to extract meat, viscera, and gills. Viscera extracts were toxic with values of LC50109.44 ppm, gonad and meat extracts have not shown to be toxic with values of LC501251.30 and 1101.79 ppm. Antioxidant activity of meat is weak (164.50±23.16 ppm), and gonads are very weak (330.47±02.60 ppm).
Effects of water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) extract on the shelf-life of refrigerated catfish (Pangasius sp.) fillet
Authors: Baehaki A , Herpandi  , Rosalina
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to determine the effect of water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) extract on catfish (Pangasiussp.) fillet stored at cold temperatures. Several stages were carried out including sampling, sample preparation, sample extraction, and fish filleting. Extraction of multilevel maceration with a sequence of solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol was carried out. The parameters observed were protein content, TVBN, total plate count (TPC), and whiteness. The results showed that protein content decreased while TVBN and TPC levels increased during storage. The addition of water chestnut extract reduced the levels of TVBN, TPC of the fillet, and whiteness.
Enzyme-assisted extraction of fatty acid from Caulerpa lentilifera: a preliminary study
Authors: Rahmawati S I , Izzati F , Hapsari Y , Septiana E , Rachman F , Bustanussalam  , Simanjuntak P
Published: December 2019

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential nutrients that play an essential role in the functioning of the brain and cell growth. Mammals, including human, cannot synthesize PUFA. Therefore, the intake of PUFA must be obtained from dietary sources. Marine macroalgae, such as Caulerpa lentilifera, are excellent sources for high PUFA. The extraction of PUFA in the pure form is usually carried out by conventional extraction whereas not environmentally friendly. Therefore, using enzymatic-assisted extraction is a great alternative to obtain PUFA from Caulerpa sp. with lower cost and fewer usage of solvents. In this research, we examined the effectivity of enzyme-assisted extraction using papain enzyme because its cheap and easy to find. The optimum extraction method to obtained bioactivity from lipid extract of C. lentiliera by enzyme assisted extraction using papain enzyme was 0.5% concentration of papain, temperature 60°C for 16 hours incubation.
Substrate combination of Lemna minor and muds affects biomass and population of Tubifex sp.
Authors: Mahendra  , Damara D , Nufus M , Putri V R
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to determine the effect of the use of a substrate of Lemna minor and mud on the biomass and silkworms population. This experimental study was designed completely random using five treatments and three replications. The treatments given were P1=a growing medium with 500 g of L.
minor, P2=a growing medium with 375 g of L. minor, P3=a growing medium with 250 g of L. minor, P4=a growing medium with 125 g L. minor, and P5=a growing medium 0 g of L. minor. The parameters observed included the amount of biomass, population and water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, and DO. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and tested further with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD). Results from a 50-day study showed that differences in formulations had a significant effect (P<0.05) on biomass and population. The best treatment found in P1 produced 8.60 g biomass within population.
PCR-RFLP as a detection method of allelic diversity seahorse Hippocampus comes (Cantor, 1849) from Bintan waters, Riau Island
Authors: Meikasari N S , Nurilmala M , Butet N A , Sudrajat A O
Published: December 2019

Seahorse (Hippocampus comes) is a unique species which reproductive system pregnancy occur in male organisms. According to IUCN and CITES, seahorses are noted as endangered or vulnerable and Appendix II species. The aimed of this study was to identify the allelic diversity based on Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Samples were collected from Tanjung Berakit, Bintan waters, Riau islands. Total of 11 individuals of the species were analyzed two types of restriction enzyme, EcoRI and AluI. This study showed that there were two types of DNA fragmentations based on restriction enzyme. EcoRI enzyme was unable to cut the target DNA fragments. AluI enzyme was capable of bypassing the target DNA fragment so it could be visualized by two alleles. The genetic diversity values of less than one showed that the genetic diversity of the population of seahorse species of H. comes in Bintan waters was low.
Lesson learned of EAFM from pole and line fishery based in Sikka Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Satria F , Sadiyah L , Widodo A A , Wudianto
Published: December 2019

Sikka Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur is one of the key landing places for tuna in Indonesia’s archipelagic waters (IAW), which was selected for pilot scale application of EAFM. This study was aimed to identify some best practices of the EAFM application from pole and line fishery based in Sikka Regency. Pole and line data were collected by the observer and port sampling programs, data from handline fishery collected from other areas within the IAW was also investigated. Furthermore, for broader comparison purposes, trends from purse seine fishery operated in other areas within the IAW were also used. Data from pole and line fishery in Sikka Regency were analyzed to obtain length distribution by gear. Stakeholder consultative meetings were conducted to investigate some key issues and possible improvements for the fishery. Skipjack was the most predominant species caught by pole and line and purse seine (> 60%) but mostly immature fish. All yellowfin tuna caught by pole and line and purse seine was immature. It is recommended to reduce small-sized yellowfin catch and to maximize the economic benefit to local fishers. In addition, improvement of FAD management implementation, monitoring, and law enforcement are required reflected best practice of EAFM.
Nano collagen of the grouper swim bladder in compliance with quality standard of cosmetics materials
Authors: Trilaksani W , Adnyane I K M , Riyanto B , Safitri N
Published: December 2019

Research of swim bladders on many species revealed that this organ has a high protein content that very potential as a source of collagen. This research aimed to isolate collagen from swim bladders of grouper, convert it into nano collagen, and determine the conformity of collagen with the quality standard of cosmetic materials. Collagen isolation was initiated by the process of elimination all non-collagen protein and other impurities (pre-extraction) with alkaline (NaOH) 0.05 M for 10 hours, followed by extraction with acetic acid 0.5 M (CH3COOH) for 48 hours with a sample and solvent volume ratio of 1:20 w/v at 4°C. The yield of the extracted collagen was 18.96±1.53%, solubility 81.10±0.88%, and whiteness 90.58±0.13%. Analysis of functional groups showed the presence of amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III which indicated as a type 1 collagen. Collagen extract showed positive result for the coloring of Casson’s trichrome. Ultrasonicated nano collagen for 150 minutes had a particle size of 404.1 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.446. The chemical compositions of collagen overall have met the quality requirements of collagen standards as a cosmetic material based on SNI 8076-2014.
Quality of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed cultivated in Lampung waters
Authors: Subaryono  , Kusumawati R
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to observe the quality of Eucheuma cottonii dried seaweed produced from seaweed farmers in Lampung, especially in its main production centers namely sub-district Ketapang, south Lampung. Seaweed was taken from three locations namely Ruguk, Legundi and Tri Dharma Yoga Village. The parameters observed were included seaweed moisture content, clean anhydrous weed (CAW), ash content, yield, and the quality of carrageenan produced. The results showed that seaweed moisture content ranged from 21.71 to 33.48%, CAW 37.53-40.72%, ash content 33.68-43.08%, and carrageenan yield 11.35-13.57%. From the results of the observation it was concluded that the quality of seaweed from Legundi Village was the best compared to other villages.
Moving pattern and feeding behavior of blue-spotted ribbontail ray (Taeniura lymma ) in aquaria environment
Authors: Madduppa H , Irawan D , Zamani N P , Subhan B , Arafat D
Published: December 2019

The moving pattern and feeding behavior of blue-spotted ribbontail ray (Taeniura lymma ) in aquaria environment was studied within 27 days. The moving pattern observations (e.g. movement, respond to stimulation, feeding and breathing activities) were conducted by direct observation and by recording their activities during day and night. The feeding behavior was observed by feeding them in a variety of food. The study showed that ray was active at day and becoming passive during night. The moving pattern included maneuver in vertical and horizontal directions, walk and jump on aquaria bottom, and fast reflective movements. The ray showed ability in prey hunting, more like to fed living fodder with a smooth texture, not a corpse eater, had abilities to modulate breathing rate regarding varying activities, and had skills to acclimatize in strong inflow changes of aeration and water flow.
The inverse vibration problem for fixed beam submerged in fluid
Authors: Havlásek M , Habán V , Hudec M , Pochylý F
Published: December 2019

Description of dynamic behaviour of the structures is based on the mass, damping and stiffness matrices. Unfortunately, this description is inapplicable in case of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI), because the matrices of system, which consists of the structure and ambient fluid, are generally not known. The matrices of system, describing the FSI, can be determined by solution of inverse vibration problem, which is an approach employing the spectral matrix and modal matrices of analysed system. The eigenvalues for creation of the spectral matrix are determined based on experimental measurement. The results of experiment can be verified by numerical simulation. The modal matrices of structure submerged in fluid can be given by experiment, which is not simple in FSI problem, or by acoustic modal analysis. Third approach for determination of the modal matrices works with the assumption, that the eigenvectors of structure are not influenced by the fluid and are identical to the eigenvectors of structure without the ambient fluid. This assumption is generally correct for majority of FSI problems. Described method is demonstrated on determination of the matrices of dynamic systems of the fixed beam submerged in water.
Using DGCM to predict transient flow in plastic pipe
Authors: Urbanowicz Kamil , Bergant Anton , Duan Huan-Feng , Stosiak Michal , Firkowski Mateusz
Published: December 2019

Transient flows with cavitation are commonly existent and observed in pressurized conveyance systems. The occurrence of large cavitation caverns accompanying hydraulic impacts in the pressurized pipes is particularly dangerous. There may then be interference of pressure waves traveling inside the pipe (especially between initial and secondary pressure waves). The maximum instantaneous pressures can rise in the most dangerous scenario to – magnitude that are twice as large as those calculated with a classic formula of Joukowsky. To protect these systems at the design stage it is advisable to estimate large pressure pulsations using appropriate numerical models. In this work transient cavitating flow in the plastic pipe was modeled using the modified discrete gas cavity model (DGCM). Retarded strain occurring in the studied plastic pipe was modeled with the aid of a convolutional integral of stress history and a derivative of the creep compliance function of the plastic pipe wall. In the simulation, the unsteady wall shear stress was determined using the recent Urbanowicz’s computationally effective method.
Wall Shear Stress in Pulsating Pipe Flow at Resonance Conditions
Authors: Gregorc Jurij , Bergant Anton , Urbanowicz Kamil , Tijsseling Arris
Published: December 2019

Hydraulic vibrations in liquid-filled pipelines may cause unwanted operational problems. Wall shear stress and consequential damping can reduce the harmful effects of vibrations close to resonance. A large-scale pipeline apparatus at Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands, has been used for pulsating pipe flow tests. The apparatus consists of a constant-head tank, a horizontal 206 mm diameter 49 meters long steel pipe and an oscillating valve at the downstream end. Wall shear stress has been measured by a number of hot-film sensors. Tests have been performed with an average flow Reynolds number of about 22,000. Results of a hydraulic resonance case with oscillating frequency fex
= 5 Hz are presented. Pipe wall vibrations for this case are small. The shape of the velocity profile at resonance conditions is a typical unsteady-state velocity profile with reverse flow near the pipe wall. The CFD study in an axisymmetric domain was conducted to better understand the pulsating flow phenomena. Different settings of boundary conditions, based on the experimental investigations, were used. The CFD results show the unsteady character of wall shear stress at resonance. This phenomenon has not been observed in the measured results to such an extent. The measured shear stress resembles quasi-steady behaviour.
Simulation of a shut-down transient in the Francis-99 turbine model
Authors: Uppström L , Fahlbeck J , Lillberg E , Nilsson H
Published: December 2019

Due to the new intermittent electric energy sources, hydropower is forced to run more and more at off-design conditions and to regulate the operating conditions. This causes flow instabilities with pressure fluctuations, and load variations that may deteriorate the machine. Previous numerical research on the flow in water turbines has mainly focused on steady operating conditions at BEP and off-design. More knowledge is needed on transients between operating conditions, and start-up and shut-down procedures. This requires dynamic meshes that both rotate the runner, using a coupling interface to the non-rotating part of the mesh, and morph the guide vane mesh due to the change in guide vane angle during the transient. Special care needs to be taken to apply boundary conditions that resemble the experimental condition to be used for validation. The present work addresses a shut-down transient of the Francis-99 turbine (https://www.ntnu.edu/nvks/francis-99), using OpenFOAM-2.3.x. Turbulence is modelled by LES based on the dynamic one-equation eddy viscosity sub-grid model and the cube root volume filter width, although the temporal and spatial resolution requirements have not been assessed in these preliminary results. The inlet and outlet boundary conditions are set using pressure conditions. The outlet static pressure is taken from the experiment at BEP. The inlet total pressure is adjusted to yield the same flow rate as in the experiment at BEP. The flow rate is given by the solution. The runner region of the mesh rotates with a solid-body rotation, while the guide vane region of the mesh is morphing due to the continuous change in guide vane angle. Rotating and stationary parts of the mesh are coupled with an arbitrary mesh interface (AMI). The results show that the methodology can be used to capture the experimentally observed flow features during transients.
Cavitation erosion prediction based on a multi-scale method
Authors: Plastre Lydia , Devals Christophe , Gauthier Maxime , Nennemann Bernd , Trépanier Jean-Yves , Guibault François
Published: December 2019

In hydraulic turbines, cavitation has unwanted consequences such as vibrations, noise, or material degradation. Thus, developping a method which can anticipate this phenomenon with good accuracy is vital from the designer’s perspective.

This work aims at predicting two aspects of cavitation erosion: determining areas most endangered, and quantifying cavitation erosion in a relative way.
Experimental investigation of vortex ring formation as a consequence of spiral vortex re-connection
Authors: Štefan D , Rudolf P , Hudec M , Uruba V , Procházka P , Urban O
Published: December 2019

The unsteady shape variation of a cavitating spiral vortex is experimentally studied pointing out the repetitive creation of vortex ring (or vortex loop). To generate the spiral vortex structure, a newly designed vortex generator is employed. This generator is used to study the decelerated swirling flow leading to the spiral vortex formation as a consequence of spiral vortex breakdown, which is considered to be the main triggering mechanism for the occurrence of the coherent vortex rope structure in the Francis turbine draft tube operated at part load conditions. Thanks to its design, the vortex generator enables to change the ratio between fluxes of axial momentum and tangential moment of momentum of generated swirl. Using this set-up, the behavior of the vortex structure changes in a similar way as the flow rate variation in the draft tube of Francis turbine. At certain flow conditions, the spiral vortex movement is characterized by sudden spiral entanglement leading to disconnection of a vortex ring and followed by spiral reconnection. Thanks to the transparent diffuser of the swirl generator apparatus, both high-speed camera recording of the cavitating vortex and PIV measurements of velocity fields at cavitationfree conditions are employed. The main aim of this paper is to link the visual observation of the above described vortex dynamics with the velocity fields measured in one longitudinal and one cross-sectional planes.
Methods of theoretical researches the non-linear electrophysical properties of solid dielectrics with compound crystalline structure
Authors: Kalytka V A , Neshina Y G , Madi P Sh , Naboko Y P
Published: December 2019

Methods quasiclassical kinetic theory investigate the phenomena of nonlinear ion-relaxation polarization in solid dielectrics with a compound structure of the crystal lattice. As a particular case, the mechanism of nonlinear proton-relaxation polarization in hydrogen-bonded crystals (HBC), classified according the electrophysical properties as proton semiconductors and dielectrics (PSD) is theoretically studied. Generalized kinetic equation and spectra of complex permittivity (CP), which allow to describe the nonlinear properties of dielectric losses in HBC in range of ultra-low temperatures (1- 10 K) and low fields (100 kV/m - 1000 kV/m), and in range of ultra-high temperatures (550-1500 K) and strong fields (10 MV/m - 1000 MV/m). The scientific and practical significance of received results consists in development of the theoretical basis of algorithm for computer prediction of materials properties and parameters that are functional elements of technological schemes of industrial installations and systems.
Evolution of the fractal structure
Authors: Kravchenko G M , Pudanova L I
Published: December 2019

The principles of fractal geometry are applicable in the development of new designs based on fractal shaping and the evolution of fractal structures. It’s necessary to use new materials to design fractal structure. The evolution of the structure is characterized by optimization of the initial geometry in the process of iteration. Thus, the fractal structures of older generations from innovative material have the best indicators of reliability. The aim of this study is to develop new designs using the principles of fractal shaping. To reduce the weight of the elements of the building frame in parallel with the evolution of the structure, it is necessary to explore innovative materials with certain material properties. The development of fractal structures requires the creation of new technologies and materials.
The rotating layer mechanics of polydisperse particles in the continuous action pneumatic mixers
Authors: Orekhova T N , Prokopenko V S , Okushko V V , Kachaev A E
Published: December 2019

The article presents the dry construction mixtures various components polydisperse flow with light and heavy particles rotating layer mechanics numerical and experimental study results. The obtained results allow to control the polydisperse flow layer rotation while it is mixing in the pneumatic mixer chamber working volume. The conditions for estimating the braking parameter of a rotating layer with polydisperse particles on the basis of which the working mixing chamber necessary dimensions can be effectively selected were analytically obtained.
The study on soils external friction
Authors: Kocherzhenko V V
Published: December 2019

The molecular-mechanical (adhesion-deformation) theory of friction with respect to a dispersed medium was confirmed in the article on the basis of theoretical and experimental soils external friction studies. At the same time, the soil particles interaction calculated model of a spherical shape with a smooth polymer surface was developed and an expression for determining the area of their actual contact with a solid surface under the action of a load N was obtained. The calculated contact area results‘ comparison for coarse and fine sand showed satisfactory convergence with the experimental data (discrepancy does not exceed 8-10%). The particles behavior analysis of the dispersed medium adjacent to a solid smooth surface under shear, presented in the computational model, was confirmed by the experimentally obtained and fixed plastic deformations of the polymer surface layer. The experimental studies using a soil tribomer allowed to determine the deformation proportion and adhesive components in the external friction force of sandy and clay soils. Using the obtained dependencies for calculating and contacting soil particles with a solid surface, a method for calculating the coefficient of external friction of the soil based on the molecular-mechanical theory of friction is proposed.
A numerical solution to nonlinear lens-shaped membrane-pneumatic systems using the iterative-incremental approach with account for air elastic properties
Authors: Amoyan M F , Kim A Yu , Polnikov S V
Published: December 2019

The authors present an improved methodology for a computer-based static analysis of geometrically and physically nonlinear lens-shaped membrane-pneumatic systems relating the large-span structures coverings using the iterative -incremental technique with the finite element method stepwise application, the universal gas equation, and the improved Euler-Cauchy numerical procedure.
An Algorithm for the Numerical Calculation of Nonlinear Lens-Shaped Membrane-Pneumatic Systems Created by the Incremental-Iterative Method with Account for the air Pressure Aftereffect
Authors: Amoyan M. F. , Kim A. Yu. , Polnikov S. V.
Published: December 2019

The authors have developed a method for the computer-aided static calculation of the large span structures geometrically and physically nonlinear lens-shaped membrane-pneumatic systems using the incremental-iterative algorithm with a stepwise application of the finite elements method in the displacement method form, the universal gas equation, and the improved Euler-Cauchy numerical procedure of the third order accuracy.
Gas equipment maintenance
Authors: Hashim Al-Maidi A A , Chernetsov D , Rodionov Yu
Published: December 2019

The article describes the operation features of the vehicle and tractors transport, equipped with gas equipment. Bottle-gas driven automobiles and tractors transport compared to cars and tractors transport, working on liquid fuel, have a number of features caused by the presence of their gas supply system under pressure. The organization and maintenance features of both the power supply system and the vehicle as a whole are taken into account.
The Foundations with Composite Reinforcing Various Types Work Analysis
Authors: Subbotin A , Shagina A , Skibin G , Shutova M
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the composite reinforcement use in the foundations’ construction under difficult geological conditions and aggressive groundwater. The pile foundation of a two-story cottage was calculated using two types of reinforcement in the pile cap: traditional metal reinforcement and composite fiberglass. The modern regulatory documents requirements governing the calculation of structures with composite reinforcement were taken into account. The use composite reinforcement has been revealed not to give a significant advantage in the pile foundations cost, it is effective when the structure is used in aggressive environments: the resistance of fiberglass reinforcement plays a crucial role in combination with special concretes.
The industrial buildings settlement foundations calculation made taking into account the soils vibro-creep
Authors: Sobolev E , Morev D
Published: December 2019

The present study focuses on the interaction of soil and the foundation under vibration and cyclic loading arising from the operation of dynamic machinery of industrial buildings. The paper presents the methods for predicting the behavior of sand under vibration loads on the example of testing in a triaxial compression device with the possibility of creating dynamic loading. During the final stage of testing, the values of the sample’s additional deformations were obtained due to the vertical vibration load action of a given frequency under conditions of consolidated-drained triaxial compression. The vibro-creep coefficient was obtained, which makes it possible to determine the reduced Young's modulus, which makes it possible to use it in the sediment calculations by the layer-by-layer summation method. The dependence graphs of the Young's modulus on the pressure of the all-round reduction and vertical deformation on the number of cycles “load – discharge” are given. Analytical and numerical calculations of vertical deformations on the elastic base with vibration load are performed. The possibility of obtaining the coefficient of vibro-creep for different types of sandy soils in tabular form with the aim of simplifying the foundations additional movements calculation of the machines with dynamic loads is presented.
Trends in the low-rise housing development in the rural settlements’ projects in Southern Russia
Authors: Vorobeva A M , Tkachenko M V , Veropotvelyan A S
Published: December 2019

One of the main tasks stipulated by the government federal target program “HOUSING” for 2015-2020 is to provide the population with comfortable housing. In the course of its implementation, the state housing policy legal and organizational frameworks were developed, its priority areas were identified and the implementation mechanisms were developed. The funds amount envisaged in the Russian Federation constituent entities budgets and local budgets to finance the sub-program activities has significantly increased.
Prospects for the multi-storey buildings construction using wooden structures
Authors: Konovalov M , Kozinets G
Published: December 2019

This article presents the multi-storey wooden construction development problem in Russia. The paper presents the work results on the possible mixed systems development for multi-storey buildings, where wood is embedded in the building structural system. In addition, the wood introduction effects are evaluated.

A 16-storey business center, with dimensions in terms of 22x44 meters was considered. As a result of the research for this object, a comparative analysis of a reference building made of monolithic reinforced concrete and four concepts, made entirely or partially of wood, was performed. According to the analysis results, strength, technical and economic indicators were calculated, and the conclusions and recommendations of advisory nature were made.
Superelement simulation of dynamic characteristics of large-size combined systems «Foundation – reinforced concrete structures – metal structures»
Authors: Nagibovich A I
Published: December 2019

The article presents the effectiveness description, verification, approbation and evaluation of the superelement technique for simulation the dynamic characteristics of large-sized combined systems "foundation - reinforced concrete structures - metal structures".
BIM and Cost Estimation Issues (5D): Case of Armenia
Authors: Ghazaryan Marine
Published: December 2019

Building Information Modelling (BIM) as widely expanding technology in the Architecture Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) Industry aims integrating all aspects of building life cycle from conceptual design to demolition and deconstruction. BIM provides possibility of automating time planning (4D), cost estimation (5D) before the construction commencement, and time, cost management during construction. Though BIM adoption and implementation in the Republic of Armenia (RA) AECO Industry is going slowly, there are some developments that prove RA Government interest in BIM adoption for enhancing Industry efficiency and transparency. The research was focused on cost estimation automation and BIM integration issues in Armenia. For this the construction cost estimation backgrounds of a number of countries as Belarus, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation (RF) and USA were studied along with the practices of integration it with BIM technology. The results of the study were compared with the situation of cost estimation practices in the RA. The study reveals that for BIM technology and cost estimation incorporation, there are various barriers as local building codes, regulations, specifics of construction technologies, and common requirement of uniqueness for each erected building. As conclusion the author proposes further standardization of the Industry by developing construction elements’ reference books and databases for joint usage by designers, architects, building engineers and cost estimators for safeguarding future management of the quantity takeoff information.
Physical and chemical processes of volcanic rock hardening with alkaline silicates
Authors: Sahakyan Emma , Arzumanyan Artavazd , Muradyan Nelli
Published: December 2019

The thermodynamic probability of reactions in volcanic rock compositions — an alkaline silicate binder, which is used to produce artificial stone (concrete) products with high physical and mechanical properties and with wide range of colors for interior and exterior wall tiling and external masonry, manufacturing of decorative architectural details, etc. are considered. Silicate and aluminosilicate rocks of volcanic origin (perlite, pumice, tuff, etc.) of various deposits of Armenia are dispersed volcanic glasses with feldspar inclusions and are characterized by a large variety of colors: white, beige, yellow, orange, violet-pink, pinkish, red, brown, black, greenish, bluish-white, etc. Dolomite hardener is introduced into the composition for manufacturing of waterproof concrete on a base of a chemical binder at low temperatures.The possibility of reactions in a mixture of volcanic rock – alkaline silicate – dolomite – water was assessed by thermodynamic method. The calculation of Gibbs energy of the interaction reactions in the indicated system witnessed the possibility of realization of hydration, hydrolysis, silicate formation reactions even at a temperature of 298K.The formation of hydrated silicates and calcium and sodium aluminosilicates, guarantees the binding properties of the composition under normal conditions. With an increase of the temperature to 375, 475, 574K, the probability of reactions increases.
Development of non-shrinkable cement based on local raw materials
Authors: Meymaryan Armine , Chilingaryan Nikolay , Kalantaryan Marine , Khachatryan S.
Published: December 2019

With an analysis of world practice in the production of non-shrinkable and expandable cement mortars and structures, the basic methods for their preparation are revealed. The main directions of their production are established based on the use of special expanding cements developed by various authors. An analysis of the above mentioned methods revealed that for the Republic of Armenia the most accessible method is the development of a special additive and its introduction into conventional Portland cement.

Investigating the mineral base of the RA, a special additive was developed on the base of dust absorbed from exhaust gases of cement plants furnaces, by which it is possible to obtain non-shrinkable and expandable cements. Different ratios are determined at 800-1100 °C.

The study revealed that at a ratio of 40:60 and 45:55 (gypsum: dust), the additive obtained at 1000°C contains a sufficient amount of ettringite, the main mineral for expansion. The expansion effects of the developed additives were studied, its optimal ratio corresponding to 10 percent by mass of cement was established.
Systematization of organizational and technological aspects of scientific technical support of buildings and constructions over 100m high
Authors: Lapidus Azariy , Kangezova Maryanna , Bidov Tembot
Published: December 2019

Due to necessity to improve the efficiency of the projected construction of increased complexity, this item considers the possibility of systematization of organizational and technological aspects of the scientific and technical support of buildings and constructions with a height of more than 100m. After analyzing the existing regulatory documentation, an algorithm was proposing that would systematize and form the organizational and technological aspects of the scientific and technical support of design and construction. Optimization of the comprehensive analysis of the effect of multiple options and their combinations will improve the efficiency and safety of the building and reduce the service life.
The composition theory in design and the industrial equipment design
Authors: Popov A D
Published: December 2019

The author offers (explains) his vision of the composition notion in engineering. Since the time of William Morris, his motto “for the connection of arts and crafts” has been raising doubts concerning the compatibility of these concepts. But the well-known formula “Ugly is not for sale” forced a human to relate more deeply on the creative process when creating machinery and machines in which he had already seen more than just mechanical parts connections. Therefore, the harmonization of the rich and complex world of the objective forms is the main task of the social tasks of our time. The article is devoted to the use of the composition theory laws (problems of tectonics, proportionality and scale) in the design of industrial process equipment.
The settlements public spaces formation basic concepts in the southern Russian region
Authors: Vorobeva A.M.
Published: December 2019

The new Town Planning Code determined the urban planning activities fundamentals restructuring in the modern conditions of our country, which is reflected both in urban planning theory and in urban planning practice. Not only the urban planning documentation content, but also the approach methods to solving the urban problems have been changed [1]. At the same time, the town-planning policy in our country is consonant with modern approaches in the European states urban planning, in particular, to a wider landscape approach in the practice of designing and building urban settlements, known as “landscape urbanism”.
Historical and cultural landscape as a factor for the ethnographic tourism development
Authors: Ladik E I , Elservi O E M M , Koneva E V , Makridin A A
Published: December 2019

Historical and cultural landscapes are a promising basis for the development of tourism and the formation of tourist routes in different regions of the world. The study investigates the influence of cultural landscapes, their values and conditions on the urban development of the territories of ethnographic tourism on the example of the Belgorod region. The areas of archaeological landscapes of the Belgorod region are considered and analyzed, the promising areas for the organization of objects of rural and ethnographic tourism are identified, the principles of their planning organization taking into account the preservation of cultural landscapes are proposed.
The use of transformable systems in the architecture of buildings of educational organizations
Authors: Pimenova E V
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the educational organizations buildings architectural formation relevance based on the transformable systems use. On the identified modern trends basis in the educational organizations’ buildings design and construction, the main innovative technologies application areas based on transformation in the architecture of such buildings are identified. On the conducted research basis, the main educational organizations buildings architectural formation techniques in the conditions of constantly changing requirements, the emergence of new technologies and materials are revealed. The necessity of using transformable systems in the design of buildings and educational organizations complexes in modern conditions of the society sustainable development has been revealed. The architectural transformation basic principles during the educational organizations’ buildings space-planning decisions formation are defined.
The basic signs of the byzantine architectural culture in the medieval serf temples in Abkhazia and Georgia
Authors: Kishkinova E
Published: December 2019

Two serf temples are considered in the article – in a village Dranda (Abkhazia) and in the village Ninotsminda near Sagarejo (Georgia).Within the main architecturural trends of the early Byzantine period, these temples’ planning, compositional and constructive solutions are analyzed, their sources and the prototypes are specified in the context of the Byzantine influence on the Transcaucasian regional schools architecture. The dating of the temple in Dranda is substantiated by VI century. The investigated monuments are presented in the synchronic and diachronic series of analogs in connection with the figurative and symbolic architectural forms component. The scientific novelty of this study is due to the western compartments architectural forms alleged prototypes identification of the temple in Dranda, which have Syrian origins, the Ninotsmindan planning and constructive solution supposed Byzantine prototypes identification, considered in the octagons type temples context, making the fortresses dating hypothesis in connection with the temples dating in them.
The national ornament application of Kabardians and Balkarians as a quality architectural decor of the buildings’ facades
Authors: Bjahov M I , Sultanova A M
Published: December 2019

The results of studies on the application of the national ornament of Kabardians and Balkarians as an architectural decor of the buildings facades enhancing the architectural and artistic expressiveness of the buildings’ facades are presented. The Kabardians and Balkarians national ornament classification is given, the stylized patterns of the national ornament are considered and the variants of their placement on the buildings’ facades are proposed as an architectural decor.
The concept of creating a network of ethnographic parks of the Armenian nation
Authors: Safaryan A
Published: December 2019

For the first time, it is proposed to create a network of ethnographic parks of the Armenian nation both in the territory of the Republic of Armenia, in Ararat, Gegharkunik, Shirak, Lori, Syunik marzes and abroad, preferably in largely populated Armenian diasporas of the United States, Russia and France. The problem of creating the main "Armenia of all times" ethnographic park where the creative achievements of the Armenian people around the world could be summarized and the Pan-Armenian Center for Armenian Studies in the Ararat marz arises again. Proposals for zoning the territories of ethnographic miniature parks and the representation of ethnographic parks by regions in Armenia are given. It is also proposed to create ethnographic miniature parks in the territory of the Mkhitarist Congregation Monastery Complex on the island of St. Lazare (Italy) and the Armenian Apostolic Church in the Church of the Assumption of St. Mary the Virgin in Armavir (Russia).
Qualification indicators of architectural forms and their circulation zones
Authors: Chichirov O K , Togoshina S N , Gadaborsheva T B , Startseva Yu V
Published: December 2019

This paper contains the climatic construction conditions analysis in the Volgograd region and considers the standard architectural forms of buildings and structures.
Mathematical modeling of the high-rise buildings deformation development process in Moscow (Vosstania square)
Authors: Khoroshilov V S , Kobeleva N N , Sycheva N V
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of the initial data preparation for the construction of a predictive mathematical model in the study of the deformation process of a high-rise building. The possibilities of forming statistically homogeneous groups of realizations using graphs constructed in the software product Surfer and analytical calculations using the coefficients of variation, calculation of Mahalanobis distances and Hotteling criterion when grouping statistically uniform observation cycles have been shown. The forecast of possible precipitations with the use of the constructed predictive model was performed.
The Accounting Possibilities for the Earth Rotation Speed in Satellite Coordinate Definitions
Authors: Yakovlev V.V. , Korzhenevskaya I.V.
Published: December 2019

The article considers the influence of the Earth’s rotation speed on the satellite coordinates accuracy and lists the main factors affecting its movement unevenness.
Adjustments of correlated values by search method
Authors: Shevchenko G G , Bryn M Ya
Published: December 2019

This article presents the sequence of triangulation networks adjustments by search method of non-linear programming, one of them has the horizontal distances measured and the other network has the correlated horizontal angles measured. Similar results of the both methods for triangulation networks adjustments refute an opinion that search method is impossible for correlated measurements adjustments.
The influence of the electric field on the ice-forming properties of the reagent in the implementation of various mechanisms of crystallization
Authors: Khuchunaev B M , Tashilova A A , Teunova N V , Budaev A Kh
Published: December 2019

The features of the formation of ice crystals on reagent particles in a cloudy medium in the presence and absence of an electric field have been studied in the work. A complex of equipment from the laboratory of cloud microphysics of the High-mountain Geophysical Institute, which includes a sublimation chamber, a small cloud chamber, and an installation for bubbling reagent particles, was used. As a result of the experiments, it was found that when the condensation-crystallization mechanism is implemented, the specific yield of ice-forming nuclei in the cloud chamber decreases with increasing electric field intensity. When implementing the immersion mechanism, the electric field does not affect the specific output of ice-forming nuclei. In the case of a contact mechanism, the specific output of ice-forming nuclei is 2–3 orders of magnitude smaller than with the realization of the condensation-crystallization and immersion mechanisms.
Lightning activity over anthropogenic and natural landscapes
Authors: Ershova T , Punge H J
Published: December 2019

The analyses specific threshold of lightning discharges density and thunderstorms days for different type of landscape and level of altitudes were determinate. For Central Europe from 9° W to 20° E and from 42° to 56° N (11° x 14° sectors) for April–September period from 2001 to 2014 were investigated. For Europe for the altitude range from 10 m below sea level (bsl) to 200 m above sea level (asl) the highest lightning discharge density is associated with the forest, shrub and wet, urban areas. For the altitude range 200–1000 m asl the highest lightning discharges density is associated with water (river, lakes), urban and forest areas. For the altitude range level from 1000 m asl to 2000 m asl the highest lightning discharges density is associated with the water, forest and grass types. A dense forest on the track of the flow of a moist air mass can promote the rise of air and the formation of convective clouds and lightning strokes. The effect of rives, channels and large lakes on moisture and development of thunderstorm clouds may account for impact on cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity. For three flat 3° x 5° areas with similar meteorological and synoptic conditions, increased CG lightning activity is possible if there is a difference in altitude between different types of landscapes. The altitude difference further contributes to the development of convective clouds producing lightning.
Statistical analysis of the lightning type ground-to-cloud in the North Caucasus and the Stavropol territory
Authors: Jarashuev M V , Tekueva M T
Published: December 2019

Statistical analysis of lightning activity in the North Caucasus and Stavropol Territory depending on orography is carried out. The statistical characteristics of ground - cloud lightning for the period 2009-2018 on the territory of 173056 km2 were analyzed.
Electric field measurements at mountain stations in Baksan gorge and on Cheget Peak (Elbrus region)
Authors: Kupovykh G V , Kudrinskaya T V , Timoshenko D V , Klovo A G
Published: December 2019

The results of long-term studies of the electric field in the atmospheric surface layer on the basis of data of continuous measurements carried out at the mountain stations located one - at the beginning of the Baksan gorge, the second – on the slope of Cheget mountain in the Elbrus region are presented. The influence of solar activity on the behavior of the electric field near the earth's surface is studied.
Investigation of influence of model hydrometeors on characteristics of electromagnetic radiation impulses registered near to artificial thunderstorm cells
Authors: Temnikov A G , Belova O S , Kivshar T K , Chernensky L L
Published: December 2019

Results of the experimental investigations of the influence of the model hydrometeor arrays on the characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation of the channel discharges between the system of the artificial thunderstorm cells of a negative or positive polarity and the ground have been presented in the paper. Parameters of the impulses of the electromagnetic radiation registered by the wideband plate antennas for the first and subsequent return strokes are under a consideration. Significant influence of the array of the large model hydrometeors on the probability of a subsequent stroke initiation and on the parameters of the corresponding electromagnetic radiation pulses has been established and discussed. Found dependencies between the characteristics of the current impulse of the first and subsequent return strokes from the system of the negative and positive artificial thunderstorm cells and the parameters of the impulses of the corresponding electromagnetic radiation have been analyzed. Comparison of the received results with processes of the electromagnetic radiation of a natural lightning has fulfilled.