Deep convolutional neural network and IoT technology for healthcare
Authors: Wassan Sobia , Dongyan Hu , Suhail Beenish , Jhanjhi N.Z. , Xiao Guanghua , Ahmed Suhail , Murugesan Raja Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background

Deep Learning is an AI technology that trains computers to analyze data in an approach similar to the human brain. Deep learning algorithms can find complex patterns in images, text, audio, and other data types to provide accurate predictions and conclusions. Neuronal networks are another name for Deep Learning. These layers are the input, the hidden, and the output of a deep learning model. First, data is taken in by the input layer, and then it is processed by the output layer. Deep Learning has many advantages over traditional machine learning algorithms like a KA-nearest neighbor, support vector algorithms, and regression approaches. Deep learning models can read more complex data than traditional machine learning methods.

Objectives

This research aims to find the ideal number of best-hidden layers for the neural network and different activation function variations. The article also thoroughly analyzes how various frameworks can be used to create a comparison or fast neural networks. The final goal of the article is to investigate all such innovative techniques that allow us to speed up the training of neural networks without losing accuracy.

Methods

A sample data Set from 2001 was collected by www.Kaggle.com . We can reduce the total number of layers in the deep learning model. This will enable us to use our time. To perform the ReLU activation, we will make use of two layers that are completely connected. If the value being supplied is larger than zero, the ReLU activation will return 0, and else it will output the value being input directly.

Results

We use multiple parameters to determine the most effective method to test how well our method works. In the next paragraph, we'll discuss how the calculation changes secret-shared Values. By adopting 19 train set features, we train our reliable model to predict healthcare cost's (numerical) target feature. We found that 0.89503 was the best choice because it gave us a good fit (R2) and let us set enough coefficients to 0. To develop our stable model with this Set of parameters, we require 26 iterations. We use an R2 of 0.89503, an MSE of 0.01094, an RMSE of 0.10458, a mean residual deviance of 0.01094, a mean absolute error of 0.07452, and a root mean squared log error of 0.07207. After training the model on the train set, we applied the same parameters to the test set and obtained an R2 of 0.90707, MSE of 0.01045, RMSE of 0.10224, mean residual deviation of 0.01045, MAE of 0.06954, and RMSE of 0.07051, validating our solution approach. The objective value of our secured model is higher than that of the scikit-learn model, although the former performs better on goodness-of-fit criteria. As a result, our protected model performs quite well, marginally outperforming the (very optimized) scikit-learn model. Using a backpropagation algorithm and stochastic gradient descent, deep Learning develops artificial neural systems with several interconnected layers. There may be hidden layers of neurons in the network that have the tanh, rectification, and max-out hyperparameters. Modern features like momentum training, dropout, active learning rate, rate annealed, and L1 or L2 regularization provide exceptional prediction performance. The worldwide model's parameters are multi-threadedly (asynchronously) trained on the data from that node, and the model-based data is then gradually augmented by model averaging over the entire network. The method is executed on a single-node, direct H2O cluster initiated by the operator. The operation is parallel despite there just being a single node involved. The number of threads may be adjusted in the settings menu under Preferences and General. The optimal number of threads for the system is used automatically. Successful predictions in the healthcare data sets are made using the H2O Deep Learning operator. There will be a classification done since its label is binomial. The Splitting Validation operator creates test and training datasets to evaluate the model. By default, the settings of the Deep Learning activator are used. To put it another way, we'll construct two hidden layers, each containing 50 neurons. The Accuracy measure is computed by linking the annotated Sample Set with a Performer (Binominal Classification) operator. Table 3 displays the Deep Learning Model, the labeled data, and the Performance Vector that resulted from the technique.

Conclusions

Deep learning algorithms can be used to design systems that report data on patients and deliver warnings to medical applications or electronic health information if there are changes in the patient's health. These systems could be created using deep Learning. This helps verify that patients get the proper effective care at the proper time for each specific patient. A healthcare decision support system was presented using the Internet of Things and deep learning methods. In the proposed system, we examined the capability of integrating deep learning technology into automatic diagnosis and IoT capabilities for faster message exchange over the Internet. We have selected the suitable Neural Network structure (number of best-hidden layers and activation function classes) to construct the e-health system. In addition, the e-health system relied on data from doctors to understand the Neural Network. In the validation method, the total evaluation of the proposed healthcare system for diagnostics provides dependability under various patient conditions. Based on evaluation and simulation findings, a dual hidden layer of feed-forward NN and its neurons store the tanh function more effectively than other NN. To overcome challenges, this study will integrate artificial intelligence with IoT. This study aims to determine the NN's optimal layer counts and activation function variations.