bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Performance of Corn Rootworm Soil Insecticides in Locations with Insecticidal Treatment His-Tories
Authors: Walgenbach David D.
Published: March 2022

Field corn “DeKalb XL45A” was planted in 40 inch rows with a specially adapted John Deere 4-row Flexiplanter. Granular insecticides were applied with press wheel driven Noble metering devices mounted on the planter. The granules were spread on the soil in a 7 inch band over the covered seed furrow in front of the press wheel. Covering knives were utilized for incorporation of the insecticides into the top 1/2 inch of soil. Plot locations were selected on the basis of prior insecticidal history for larval corn rootworm control. The Beresford location was treated annually with Furadan 10G from 1970-74 and with BUX Ten G from 1967 to 1969. Light to moderate root damage was observed in the field in 1974. The Alcester location was treated with Dasanit 15G in 1973 and 1974. Prior to 1973, crop rotation with soybeans was utilized for rootworm control. Apparent satisfactory control with Dasanit 15G was obtained in 1973 and poor results in 1974. The insecticidal history at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm could not be determined because of experimental plots treated with several chemicals since 1970. Soil was classified as a clay-loam at Beresford, silty clay-loam at Alcester and silty-clay at the Southeast Experiment Station. Plots were single rows, 100 feet long with 15 foot alleys between 4 replications in randomized complete blocks. Corn was planted and treatments applied on May 9, 1975 at Beresford; May 19, at Alcester and May 9, at the Southeast Experiment Station.
Evaluation of Five Insecticides to Control A Natural Infestation of First Brood Larvae of European Corn Borer in Northeast Nebraska, 1975
Authors: Witkowski J. F.
Published: March 2022

Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to center-pivot irrigated corn plots in Cedar County, Nebraska on July 10. All insecticides were applied as whorl treatments over the row. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. One row (50 ft long, 30 inch row spacing) was used for each treatment/replication. From each 50 ft treatment, one half of the row was used to determine the number of corn borer cavities and within the other half 17.4 ft of row was hand harvested and converted to bu of no 2 corn/acre. On August 11,10 corn plants from each treatment/replication were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and numbers of corn borer cavities recorded.
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Lignosellus

Control in Dryland Peanuts, Oklahoma, 1975
Authors: Berberet R. C. , Wall R.
Published: March 2022

Peanuts “Spanhoma” were planted on June 2 with 36 inch row spacing using a 4 row planter. A pre-plant application of Balan was incorporated for weed control. Insecticides were applied July 29, about 2 weeks after pegging began and again on August 31 after a resurgence in cornstalk borer populations. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 2 row by 500 ft plots (0.0689 acres) on light sandy soil. Liquid formulations of insecticides were applied as basally directed sprays with a total volume of 20 gal/acre applied in a 6 to 8 inch band on the soil surface with 2 flat fan nozzles/row. Granular formulations were applied in a 12 inch band over the row. Dithane M-45 and Terraclor were used to control foliar diseases and soil fungi, respectively. Two criteria were used for rating of chemicals: percent of plants infested after treatment and yield/acre (dry weight). Samples which consisted of 25 plants/plot were taken at weekly intervals to determine percent infestation. Each plant was removed from the soil and examined as was the soil around the base of the plant. A plant was considered to be infested if one or more live larvae or pupae were located. Peanuts were dug on October 5 and threshed on October 10. All peanuts from each plot were sacked and dried. Yields were computed on a dry weight/acre basis. Data were analyzed statistically, using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Winter, 1983
Authors: Leibee Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted 26 Oct in Myakka fine sand on the University of Florida’s Central Florida Research and Education Center in Sanford. Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre was incorporated in a 15 inch band at planting time for weed control. Treatments were applied to single row, 40-ft plots with 12-inch plant spacing. Rows were spaced 5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 5 times in randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles (D3-45) were used per row; 1 overhead and 1 drop on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gpa with a boom pressure of about 50 psi and a speed of 3 mph. Sprays were applied 17, 22, and 28 Nov, and 1 and 5 Dec. Twenty plants per plot were rated for damage on 12 Dec as follows: 0 = no apparent feeding damage; 1 = etching or feeding holes in outer leaves, no whorl damage; 2 = light whorl damage (some whorl leaves without damage); 3 = heavy whorl damage (all whorl leaves damaged). Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 inches tall; the stage considered most susceptible to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Only the percentage of plants showing ratings of 2 and 3 were included in the table since a rating of 1 was not considered a threat to the plant.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: McLeod Paul
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted 11 May at the University of Arkansas Experimental Station, Favetteville, AR. Plots were two 20-ft rows (42-inch spacing) with 4-ft alleys separating plots on the same row. One buffer row separated plots. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 11 treatments replicated 3 times. Five sprays (11, 13, 17, 19, 21 Jul) were applied during silking to each side of each treated row with a hand-held CO, sprayer equipped with 2 nozzles. Final volume was 40 gal/acre. Plots were harvested 24 Jul and ears were categorized as follows: cull, earworm damage beyond the apical inch; acceptable damage, earworm damage confined to the apical inch; and non-damaged.
Control of the European Corn Borer by Aerial Application of Ambush, 1984
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , North R. C.
Published: March 2022

One commercial field, located near Batavia, NY, was divided into 3 sections. A Grumman Air Cat, delivering 3 gal/acre, was used to apply a single application (1 Sep) of each treatment to the corn when it was in the early green tassel stage. Control of the ECB was assessed by removing a whole leaf from the middle height of 10 plants/plot, exising a 4-inch square from the middle of the leaf, and allowing 5 neonatal larvae to feed on the section for 72 h at 70°F. Samples were taken from the field at 3 and 6 days posttreatment.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Eggplant, 1984
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

Eggplant were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 7 Jun. Single-row plots were 15 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments were applied 22 Jun, 2, 12, 20 and 31 Jul. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) counts were recorded 3 and 23 Jul. Percent defoliation caused by CPE feeding was recorded on 3 Jul and 1 Sep. Mature fruit were harvested on 2, 15, 28 Aug, 11 and 27 Sep. All fruit were examined for percent damage or scarred fruit caused by CPB feeding. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Cyromazine (ARMOR), 1984
Authors: Rinker D. L. , Tetrault R.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-four mushroom trays (0.37m2 x 0.15m), each containing 20.4 kg of deammoniated and pasteurized Phase II wheat-straw-bedded horse manure compost (72% water), were individually spawned with 110 g of light cream mushroom spawn (PSU #324) and placed into a single mushroom production room. Four days after spawning 500 female sciarids were released into the production room. Two casing materials were used: (1) Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss and (2) mineral soil. Cyromazine (8.75 g (AI)/100m2 of production surface was either drenched onto the casing surface in the first casing watering or incorporated at the same a.i. into the casing material (2628 kg soil and 452 kg peat moss, dry wt. basis). Three trays were used for each treatment and check. In addition, cyromazine was incorporated into 3 trays of compost at 5.72 g (AI)/1000 kg compost (72% moisture) to serve as standard comparison. Evaluation of cyromazine to control sciarid larvae in both casing materials and application methods was through larval sampling and yield assessment.
Control of Onion Thrips on Transplant Onions, 1984
Authors: Capinera John L. , Epsky Nancy D. , Liewehr David
Published: March 2022

Onions were planted as transplants 15 Mar in a field with furrow irrigation west of Platteville, CO (Weld Co.). Plots were 8 x 15 ft in a complete randomized block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 hand sprayer delivering 48 gal/acre (24 gal/acre in treatments with 1/2 volume) at 30 psi. Applications were made 3 Jul (Expt. 1) and 27 Jul (Expt. 2). Evaluations were made by counting the number of nymphs and adults on 15 plants in each plot. These counts were made 1 day prespray; 3 and 8 days postspray (Expt 1) and 3 days postspray (Expt 2). Percent control was determined using adjusted mortality.
Onion Maggot Control, 1984
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

The plot was planted 18 May in muck soil near Potter, NY on the Sacheli Farm. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Germination, damage, and yield data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments applied with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 GPA through a gravity fed system. The drench applications, timed for the peak of fly activity, were made on 4 and 8 Jun using a CO2-powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder that delivered 150 GPA to the bases of the plants through a single Teejet nozzle. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment except those already having a fungicide at 2.4 11) (AI)/acre for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken 8 Jun. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca. twice/week from the time of stand counts until harvest on 10 Sep.
Control of European Corn Borer, Green Peach Aphid on Green Pepper, 1984
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

Peppers were transplanted on 6 Jun in Sunderland, MA. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was implemented. Plants were 1.5 ft apart in 40-ft rows. Rows were 3 ft apart. Transplants were treated with Schultz starter fertilizer at planting and side-dressed with 200 lb urea 45/acre on 27 Jun. The insecticides were applied on 24, 31 Aug and 11 Sep with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at 60 gal/acre and 40 psi. Corn borer control was assessed by harvesting 25 commercial-size peppers per row (100 peppers per treatment) on 18 Sep and examining them for injury. At this time the number of aphids were counted on 3 leaves per plant for 10 plants per row (40 plants per treatment). Almost all aphids were apterous; the few alates were included in the count.
Evaluation of Vendex Plus Pydrin for Mite Suppression in Orchards, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied in a comparative test to mature semi-dwarf Golden Delicious trees on 28 Jun with a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Single tree treatments were used and replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Mite and egg populations were evaluated by randomly selecting 25 leaves per replicate in each treatment, brushing mites and eggs onto glass plates with a modified Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine and counting with a binocular microscope. A pre-treatment evaluation on 26 Jun showed an average of 1.54 mites and 4.55 eggs/leaf. Posttreatment evaluations were done on 3 Jul and at weekly intervals throughout Jul. SP populations began to increase during mid Jul on some treatments and were evaluated on 25 Jul by counting all adults and larva in a timed count of 3 min/replicate. Effects of the treatments on SPLM were evaluated by recording the number of leafmines observed in a timed count (3 min/replicate) on 25 Jul.
Control of Potato Insects with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, Greeley, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 15 May at the Northern Colorado Research Center, Greeley, CO. Soil type was a sandy clay loam, 1.1% organic matter and a pH of 7.8. Plot size was 25 row-ft (30-inch row spacing), randomized in a complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were banded below the seed piece at planting. Insect counts were made 9 Jul by counting insects on 20 leaves/plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potato, 1984
Authors: Hollingsworth Craig S. , Hurley Voss Robert , Ferro David N.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 5 May in Sunderland, Massachusetts. However, during the first week of Jun, ca. 9 inches of rain in a 2 day period destroyed the crop. Superior’ potatoes were replanted on 28 Jun. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with pH ca. 5.6. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft rows, 3 ft apart. A fallow area of 6 ft separated each plot. Foliar applications were applied using a 3 gal stainless steel CO2-pressurized sprayer at 40 psi with a delivery rate of 60 gal per acre. Applications were made on 31 Jul, 7 Aug, 14 Aug and 20 Aug. Pydrin plus piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was applied to the Kryocide plus Pydrin plot on 31 Jul only. Thereafter, only Kryocide was applied. In addition to the preapplication count on 31 Jul, plots were evaluated 3-4 days following each application bv counting CPB adults and larvae on each of 10 randomly selected stalks per plot. Defoliation was evaluated on 16 Aug, rating plots from 1(0-15% defoliation) to 5(85-100%).
Green Peach Aphid Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Powell Donnie M. , Toba H. H.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted in a solid-set, sprinkler-irrigated field at Moxee, Washington to evaluate rates, formulations, and application methods of the granular systemic insecticides, Temik, Di-Syston, Thimet, Furadan and some combinations of these systemic insecticides to control the green peach aphid (GPA). The soil type was Cleman very fine sandy loam (Aridic Haploxeroll) with an organic matter content of 1-2%. On 28 Apr, planting-time furrow (PTF) applications were made with Gandy applicators mounted on the planter by placing the granules in 1-inch bands in the planter shoe furrow, level with and directly ahead of the seed pieces. On 31 May, when ca. 75% of the plants had emerged, plant-emergence sidedress (PESD) applications were made with a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator by shanking the granules 3-4 inches to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. Each treatment plot measured 38 ft long and 11.3 ft wide (4, 34-inch rows), and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Aphid control was evaluated by collecting 25 compound potato leaves from the lower two-thirds of the plants from each plot and counting the number of aphids found on the leaves. Plots treated with the same insecticide and both methods, PTF and PESD, were analyzed as a split-plot analysis to determine the differences between methods of application.
Apple, Alsystin Test, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Beers E. H.
Published: March 2022

Plots consisted of unreplicated 0.5 acre blocks containing the cultivars York Imperial and Golden Delicious. Pest and predator samples were taken from 6 tagged trees per block. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa. Applications were made on alternate row middles every 7 to 11 days. Spray dates were: 5, 13, 22, 29 Jun; 10, 20, 31 Jul; 10, 20, 29 Aug. Captan was added to experimental sprays to control diseases. Average temperatures were: Jun 70.3° F, Jul 71.3° F, Aug 72.6° F, and Sep 60.9° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: Jun 4.42, Jul 5.86, Aug 7.33, and Sep 1.11. Effectiveness on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves on 20 terminals around the periphery of the tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM, TSSM and AF was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 150 leaves/treatment. Effect of sprays on S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on tufted apple budmoth was assessed by scoring for injury one pick sample at harvest (both cultivars). Apple samples averaged 1200 apples per treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season. Alsystin provided better control of TABM than standard materials, but poorer control of AA. There was no apparent effect oh phytophagous or predatory mite species, however, populations of the coccinellid predator S. punctum were suppressed by Alsystin used in a seasonal schedule.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri, 1984
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Schroeder Peter C.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted in a one-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ alfalfa at Spickard, Mo, Grundy County. Insecticides were applied on 11 Jul ’84 to 40 by 40-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. A boom-type, tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 8002 flat fan nozzles with 50-mesh screens and calibrated to deliver 16.5 gal per acre was used to apply the spray concentrations. Twenty 180° sweeps with a 15-inch diam sweep net were taken at 24 h, 7, 12 and 20 day posttreatment dates to estimate potato leafhopper populations. Alfalfa was 8 inches tall and conditions were 80° F and 8 mph wind at treatment. Virtually no precipitation was recorded in the 3 wks following treatment.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa in Far West Texas, 1983
Authors: Bueno R. , Stone J. D.
Published: March 2022

Approximately 0.02 ha of an alfalfa field in the El Paso Lower Valley was divided into 28 plots, 6.1 in by 9.1 in each, in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied 31 Mar ’83. Some of the materials were applied using CO2 powered (2.1 kg/cm2) backpack sprayers, each with a boom with three TX 3 nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Rate of application was 112.2 liter/ha of total solution. The remaining materials were applied with a battery-powered Herbi sprayer. Twenty-seven ml of solution was placed in a 50-ml syringe and connected to the sprayer via plastic tubing. The Herbi was operated over each plot until the material was exhausted. Twenty sweeps per plot were collected during each sample period and the insects were placed in ziplock bags for sorting, identification and counting. Data were transformed (Xi + 0.5) for analysis.
Control of Alfalfa Webworm in Alfalfa, Weld Co, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Capinera John L.
Published: March 2022

Plots were established in a grower’s field west of Ft Collins where an outbreak of alfalfa webworms was occurring. Individual plots were 8 by 15 ft arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Applications were made 10 Jul using a CO2 boom sprayer delivering 48 gal/acre at 25 psi. First sampling was 13 Jul taking 12 sweep-net samples/plot. A second sampling 18 Jul involved 10 sweep-net samples/plot.
Control of Alfalfa Insects in Iowa, 1984
Authors: Hutchins S. H. , Pedigo L. P. , Buntin G. D. , Bailey W. C. , Higley L. G.
Published: March 2022

Experimental plots measuring 20 x 40 ft were established in a 1-year-old stand near Ankeny, Iowa. Twenty treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on 31 May ’84 with a CO2-charged (16 psi) bicycle sprayer fitted with a 10-ft boom. The boom was ca. 18 inches from the foliage and equipped with 6 stainless steel 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Ground speed was 1.8 mph delivering 18.37 gal of final solution per acre. Plants were in stage 4 (late bud) and ca. 19 inches tall. Weather conditions at application time were sunny, winds 0-12 mph, temperature 70-80° F, and ca. 60% RH. A standard 15-inch sweep-net was used to take 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot 1 day before treatment and 1, 5, and 12 days posttreatnient. No phytotoxicity was observed in any plot.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Montana, 1984
Authors: Morrill Wendell L.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were evaluated in a 3-yr-old stand of alfalfa in Gallatin Co, MT. Treatments were applied on 25 Jun in 8-ft by 20-ft plots with 3 replications in a completely randomized design. A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre was used. Evaluations were made by preblossom, 5% blossom, and 20% blossom plant growth stages. The weather was usually cool and wet, and the alfalfa was lodged by the second sample period.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Breth D. I. , Beers E. H. , Meagher R. L.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8 gal of spray were applied per replicate tree. Dates of application were: 22 May; 6, 20 Jun; 5, 19 Jul; 2, 16, 30 Aug. Pounce 3.2EC (44 ml/100 gal) was substituted for the Advantage treatments on 22 May. Guthion 50WP (114 g/100 gal) was substituted for the Advantage treatments on 5, 19 Jul. Rates of Advantage were increased to 188 ml and 340 g on 16, 30 Aug. Guthion 50WP (114 g/100 gal) was substituted for Spur on 6 Jun, 2, 16 Aug. During the season general sprays involving Cyprex, Polyram, Benlate, Topsin M, Captan, Zineb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 gpa to the whole experimental block. Average temperatures were: May 58.5° F, Jun 70.3° F, Jul 71.3° F, Aug 72.6° F and Sep 60.9° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 4.51, Jun 4.42, Jul 5.86, Aug 7.33, and Sep 1.11. Effectiveness on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf. Effect jf sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting numphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM, TSSM and predatory mites was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. Effect of sprays on SP was evaluated by 3 min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and 2 picked samples on 23 Aug and 17 Sep. Apple samples averaged 159 fruits/replicate and 636/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 120/treatment. Fruits are rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), ) or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were: 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Common Stalk Borer Control in No-Till Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Bowman J. S. , Everich R. C.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted on the Dan Harvey farm in Epping, NH, where an infestation of common stalk borer had occurred the previous year. Both the at-planting time treatment of Furadan 15G and the foliar applications of Pydrin 2.4E at the rates and timing suggested on their labels were made by the grower with conventional equipment. The 10-acre field which had been sown to winter rye the previous fall was no-till planted on 32-inch centers field corn on 16 May ’84 using a 4-row White no-till planter equipped with granular applicators. Furadan 15G was applied to 2 of the 4 rows at a rate of 15 lb/acre (2.25 lb (AI)/acre), leaving the other 2 rows to serve as an untreated check. The field was planted in a circular pattern so that every other 2 rows across the field was either treated with Furadan 15G or left untreated. On 18 May ’84, 2 days after the corn was planted, the winter rye crop was killed with berbicidal tank-mix consisting of Roundup (1 qt/acre), Lasso (1 qt/acre) ahd Aatrex (1 qt/acre) in 30 gal water/acre. On 0.5 of the 10-acre field, Pydrin 2.4E was applied as a tank-mix with the herbicides at a rate of 7 oz/acre (0.13 lb (AI)/acre). The remainder of the field received only the herbicides. On 12 Jun ’84 an evaluation of the effectiveness of these treatments was made by randomly selecting 4 two-row plots 100 ft long for each of the 4 treatments established. All of the plants were examined for common stalk borer injury and the injured plants were dissected and the number of live stalk borer larvae was recorded. A second application of Pydrin 2.4E was made on 19 Jun ’84 to determine its effectiveness as a rescue treatment. A repeat evaluation of all the treatments was then conducted on 28 Jun ’84. Yields were obtained on 19 Sep ’84 by weighing the corn harvested from 16 ft 4 inches of row (1/1000 Acre) from each treatment replicated 3 times. Soil and root samples from each of the treatments were collected on 5 Jul ’84 and sent to L. R. Krusberg, Botany Department, University of Maryland, for analysis.
Simulated Chemigation Versus Standard Insecticide Application for Corn Borer Control, 1984
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Dick G. L. , Sloderbeck P. E.
Published: March 2022

Experiment was conducted on a furrow-irrigated corn field at the Garden City Experiment Station in Finney Co, Kansas. Fifteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each plot was 3m wide (4 rows) and 15m long surrounded by a 1.5m (2 rows) border of untreated corn. The treatments were applied 1, 2, or 3 times with a high clearance sprayer. The standard insecticide applications were applied with a 3 m boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (1 nozzle directly over the row and 2 suspended on 46 cm drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal of water/acre with 30 psi of CO2 pressure. The simulated insectigation applications were made with 3, Delvan 100/140, 0.75-inch rain drop nozzles mounted on the high clearance sprayer at tassel height between the rows. This system was calibrated to deliver 5430 gal/acre (47 gal delivered in 2.4 min per plot). This application was equivalent to a 0.2 inch irrigation on the 2 middle rows (the two outside rows received half this amount). The chemicals were added to 200 gal of water in the main tank of the sprayer and agitated by of recirculation. Corn borer evaluations were made in early September by dissecting 10 corn plants in each plot, (5 consecutive corn plants in each of the center two rows). The number of larvae found was recorded along with the length of tunnel associated with larvae. Black light trap catches indicated the European corn borer flight peaked on 7 Aug with the major flight occurring between 1 Aug and 14 Aug.
Control of Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Corn, Johnstown, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were two 50-foot rows separated by a single buffer row, arranged in a randomized complete block design. The corn was furrow irrigated and had been treated with Counter 15G at planting time for control of western corn rootworms. Treatments were applied 15 Aug ‘84 with a CO2 sprayer with 2 nozzles on a 30 inch boom calibrated to deliver 22 gpa at 30 psi. Four ear leaves were marked in each plot and a colony ca. 1 sq inch was marked on each leaf. These colonies were counted at the time of application and the mites within the same areas were counted at each .subsequent sample. Apparent % control = 1 - (postcount/precount) * 100. Adjusted % control = 1 – ((trt postcount/trt precount) * (check precount/check postcount)) * 100 (Henderson and Tilton method).
Effect of Lannate in Varying Volumes of Finished Spray on Control of Fall Armyworm and Yields in Late-Planted Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D.
Published: March 2022

Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on 28 Jun at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Soil Type was Waynesboro loam with 2-5% slope. Seven treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 30 ft X 4 rows with 5-ft alleys between blocks. Rows were 38 inches apart. Corn was thinned to 33 plants/30 row ft. Lannate insecticide (0.45 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in 6 different finished spray volumes (3-30 gal/acre) on 26 Jul when infestation levels averaged 13.1 larvae/plant. Sprays were applied using different nozzle sizes with a 2.5-gal compressed CO2 sprayer at a constant tank pres.sure of 30 psi. Dead larvae were counted on 30 Jul and percent mortality was determined. Newly damaged whorls were counted on 23 Aug. Ensilage yields were determined on 3 Oct at 72.5% moisture.
True Armyworm Control in No-Till Field Corn in West Virginia, 1984
Authors: Weaver Joseph E.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied as rescue treatments on 14 Jun. Corn was planted in sod fields in 36-inch rows on 18 May. Stage of growth at treatment time was early whorl (4-6 leaves). Pretreat samples showed an average of 48.2% of plants infested with armyworm larvae and 100% of the plants damaged; moderate to heavy feeding damage was prevalent. Larval length averaged 16.3 mm with most (70%) being 14.9 mm. Liquid formulations were applied by hydraulic sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre at 20 psi. Spray treatments were replicated twice, once each in 2 adjacent fields ranging from 690 to 1100 ft long. Six rows were treated in each field for plot sizes ranging from about 0.3 to 0.5 acres. Bait formulations were applied by hand using a cyclone seeder; plots were about 0.2 acre and not replicated. Efficacy was evaluated on the basis of number of plants infested with larvae at 2 and 8 DAT. Sampling consisted of examining 25 plants at 4 equidistant locations (= 100 plants) in one of the center rows of each replication. Precipitation during the test period totaled 1.11 inches (0.13 inches at 3 DAT and 0.98 inches at 5 DAT). Lannate L was used as a standard for treatment comparisons.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Combinations Against Bollworms on Cotton in Southern North Car-Olina, 1983
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Mann David E.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted to 40 in rows on May 9 on Norfolk sandy loam soil near Gibson, NC. Preplant, preemergence and postemergence herbicides were Prowl, Cotoran (banded) and Cotoran (over the top), respectively. Temik was applied at 0.4 lb ai/acre in furrow with 12-13 lb acid delinted, double coated seed. The previous crop was cotton. Plots were 6 rows by 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 8.0 gal/acre with 60 psi at 4 mph with one TX-8 nozzle per row. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.25 lb ai/acre Guthion in mid-Jun and on Jul 4 for early bollworm control. The “ovicide” treatments (Cymbush was used as an ovicide in 1 treatment) were applied on Jul 19 and 22; the remaining treatments were applied on Jul 26 and Aug 5, 10, and 18. Live boUworms and damaged fruit were monitored by evaluating 25 squares and 25 bolls per plot (total = 100) within 72 h after treatments. Twenty feet from each of the center 2 rows was hand-harvested for yield comparisons.
Control of Heliothis Spp. and Boll Weevils in Cotton, 1984
Authors: Micinski Stephen , Clower Dan F.
Published: March 2022

Two full-season studies were conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of various commercial and experimental insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp, and boll weevils on cotton. Plots in the first study were 8 rows x 64.0 m (1.02-m centers) replicated 4 times. Plots in the second test were 4 rows X 30.5 m (1.02-m centers) replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments in the first study were applied on 10, 16, 24, 30 Jul, 6, 13, 21 and 27 Aug. In the second study, insecticide applications were made on 16, 24, 31 Jul, 7, 14, 22 and 27 Aug. All plots in the first and second study were oversprayed with Orthene 75S (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 25 and 22 Jun, respectively. On 6 Aug, both tests were sprayed with Kelthane MF (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) plus Triton CS-7 (1 qt/100 gal) for spider mite control. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored 2-3 days following each insecticide application by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares/plot. Terminal counts (eggs and live larvae) were not made following the last application date in each study. Data presented represents seasonal means. Yields were determined by mechanical harvest of 4 rows/plot on 17 and 18 Oct in the first test and 2 rows/plot on 19 Oct in the second study.
Effect of Various Insecticides on Pests and Beneficial Insects in Cotton, 1984
Authors: Rover Tom A. , Edelson J. V.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted 24 Apr in 40-inch rows at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX. Soil type was an Hidalgo sandy clay loam. Plots were 50 ft long by 2 rows bordered by 1 row of forage sorghum. Ten treatments were replicated 5 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied through a C02-powered boom mounted on a high-clearance sprayer at a rate of 5.5 gal/acre (4 mph, 45 psi, 5 TX4 hollow-cone nozzles/plot). All plots were oversprayed with Guthion 2L at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre on 28 Jun and 2, 5, 9, and 12 Jul for boll weevil suppression. Insecticide treatments were applied on 19, 23, 26 and 30 Jul and 3 and 6 Aug. Insect populations were monitored weekly with drop cloth samples (1 sample/plot). Beneficial insects were sampled on 9 Aug with a drop cloth (1 sample/plot). Plant damage was monitored weekly with fruit counts from one meter-row areas (1 sample/plot).
Control of Pests on Sorghum in Mississippi, 1983
Authors: Pitre Henry N. , Thead Larry G.
Published: March 2022

Populations of sorghum webworm, corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae (4th-5th instars) were observed on 5 Sep feeding on sorghum cv. Dekalb 42 Y (dough stage), planted on 11 Jul in Oktibbeha County, MS. Populations exceeded 47, 11 and 46 per 10 heads selected randomly from the field for sorghum webworm, corn earworm and fall armyworm, respectively. Plots were 1 row wide and 20 ft in length arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates. Insecticides were applied in 10 gal of water per acre with a hand-held compressed air sprayer equipped with a solid-cone nozzle using 30 psi. The time of application was between 3 and 4 p.m. The temperature was ca 89°F. On 9 Sep (day 4 post application) treatment plots were sampled by removing 10 heads randomly from each treatment plot. Sorghum heads for each treatment were placed in paper bags and returned to the lab for examination.
Early Season Control with Soil Applied and Transplant Water Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Jones G. A. , Townsend L. H. , Douglas M. B.
Published: March 2022

Tobacco was transplanted 25 May in Maury silt loam soil at Clark Co. KY. Individual plots were 6 rows by 43.56 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design using 4 replications. Plants were spaced 18 inches apart with 42 inches between rows. All plots received 2000 lb/acre of 5-10-15 broadcast and incorporated prior to transplanting. Granular formulations of Furadan and Disyston were applied with a Cyclone seeder 4 days prior to transplanting and incorporated to a depth of 2 inches with a disk harrow. No herbicide was used in the plot. Vydate and Orthene were applied in the transplant water solution at the time of setting.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetle and Green Peach Aphid with Soil Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Five soil-applied insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville, TN. Granular insecticides were applied and incorporated on 17 May; liquid formulations were applied and incorporated prior to transplanting on 24 May. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows with 40-inch spacing between rows; plants were spaced 18 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely random design. Flea beetle damage was reported as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from the top of the plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Soil type was Hermitage silt loam.
Control of E. Hirtipennis and M. Persicae on Burley Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D.
Published: March 2022

Eight foliar applied insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville, TN. Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on 2 Jun. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows spaced 40 inches apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated from each other by 5-ft alleys. Three insecticide applications were made during the season (6 Jul, 26 Jul, 13 Aug). Sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre and tank pressure of 30 psi. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from top of plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases).
Apple, Full Season Acaricide Test, 1984
Authors: Pfeiffer D. G. , Ponton L. F. , Varn M. , Boucher J.
Published: March 2022

Several materials were evaluated against mites in an apple block at Steeles Tavern. Four, single-tree replicates were used in a randomized complete block design, of the cultivars ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Stayman’ and ‘York’. Spray dates were 15 May, 31 May, 26 Jun, 31 Jul, 15 Aug and 27 Aug. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with a handgun attachment. Unsprayed buffer trees were left between replicates. Mites were evaluated using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per replicate.
Azalea Caterpillar Control, 1984
Authors: Schultz Peter B.
Published: March 2022

On 7 Aug established nursery-grown azaleas were used to test 4 insecticides for control of azalea caterpillar. Larval counts of the replicated treatments were made prior to treatment and 48 h after treatment. Insecticides were applied using a 1-gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. Temperature at time of treatment was 78°F and no rainfall occurred prior to evaluation. The insecticides were all effective in controlling the azalea caterpillars within 48h. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Birch, Evaluating Foliar Sprays for Controlling Birch Leafminer, Wayne Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against birch leafminer on 3.5- to 4.5-m-tall birch trees growing in an experimental plot under nursery management conditions at The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center near Wooster. Sprays were applied to individual branches of 4, single-tree replicates using a CO2 compression sprayer with a single SS8004 flat-fan nozzle operating at 40 psi. Trees were sprayed 17 May under cloudy skies at 18°C with no breeze. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated on 12 Jun by counting the number of mined vs. unmined leaves on the terminal 30 cm of 1 sprayed twig per tree.
White Birch, Bronze Birch Borer Control, Wayne Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. , Birk C. A. , Lanphear L. S.
Published: March 2022

Mauget’s Inject-A-Cide B (Bidrin) was used in several treatment strategies to control bronze birch borer and to evaluate tree response to injection wounds. Forty Betula platyphylla szechuanica Rehd. infested with bronze birch borer larvae were selected in an experimental planting on campus of The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, near Wooster. Trees were chosen for uniformity of canopy condition and size and averaged 10 cm in diameter at breast height. A technician skilled in Mauget’s microinjection techniques installed 2 capsules on opposite sides of each of 10 trees per treatment just above ground level. Five trees in each group were considered moderately and 5 heavily infested, but none had more than 25% top dieback. on 2 Jul, 10 trees were injected with capsules containing 1 ml of technical Ridrin. On 6 Aug, 2 groups of 10 trees were injected with capsules containing 1 or 2 ml of Bidrin. Five vigorous, uninfested paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh., were injected with 1 ml capsules on 2 Jul; 2 other groups of trees were injected with 1 or 2 ml capsules on 6 Aug. All injected and 10 previously selected, untreated, infested Szechuan birch were felled during September 10-13. Treatment effectiveness was determined by counting the number of live larvae beneath 3 sections of bark 30 cm wide X tree circumference from the bottom 2 m of each tree. Response of uninfested paper birch to injection wounds was evaluated on 2 of 5 treated trees per treatment by inspecting the wound and measuring the size of the wound opening on 11 Oct.
Spring Control of White Grubs on A Golf Course Fairway at Syracuse, Ny, 1984
Authors: Baker P. B.
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted in 2 parts: A) 5 liquid materials were applied and irrigated in with 3 gal/100 sq ft with a hand-held sprinkling can, and B) the same 5 liquid materials received no artificial irrigation for 48 h. Insecticides were applied to a fairway in Syracuse, NY with a mixed population of R. majalis and P. japonica. Applications were made May 5 (A) and May 9 (B) for the irrigated and non-irrigated treatments, respectively. The fairway consisted of perennial bluegrass (40%), annual bluegrass (40%), and bentgrass (10%). Each experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft x 10 ft. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. At treatment times the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature (A) 58°F, (B) 49°F; soil temperature (1 inch), 50°F, (3 inch) 48°F; soil type, loam; soil pH, 6.0; soil moisture, 1.35 (w/d); water pH, 5.5-6; and partly sunny. Part A received 0.75 inch of rain within 24 h after irrigation of treatments. Posttreatment counts were made for A on 16 May (13 days) and 1 Jun (29 days), and for B on 22 May (13 days) and 4 Jun (26 days). Experimental plots were evaluated by cutting a 1 X 10-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter (depth 2.25 inch) and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Species identifications were determined in the laboratory. Three ft2 samples were taken from each replicate and mean surviving grubs determined per ft2.
Japanese Beetle Control in Kentucky Bluegrass Turf, 1984
Authors: Gordon F. C. , Cox D. L. , Potter D. A.
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted on an irrigated Kentucky bluegrass fairway at Lakeside golf course, Lexington, Ky. The initial infestation was ca. 5 third stage grubs per ft2. Thatch accumulation was negligible. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots measured 8 x 8 ft with a 1 ft boundary between each plot. Granular applications were mixed with sand and applied by hand. The 1 liquid application was mixed with water at the proper rate and applied with a 2 gal pressurized sprayer with a cone-type nozzle. Some materials were prepackaged in pressurized hose-end applicators. All treatments were applied on Aug 31. Those applications that were to be irrigated were watered in using the golf course irrigation system. Approximately 1.5 inches of water (pH 7.14) was applied. Those treatments that were not to be watered-in were applied ca. 2 h later, after the turf had dried. Additional irrigation was withheld from the experimental site for 48 h. Surviving grubs were sampled 3 wks later by taking four 0.33-ft2 by 2-inch-deep soil cores from each plot. The cores were broken apart by hand and the grubs counted. Because the variances were proportional to the squares of the treatment means, a logarithmic transformation was used prior to ANOVA.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Luzerne County, Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticide treatments were applied 6 Sep for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The rough consisted of annual bluegrass (50%), Kentucky bluegrass (20%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 by 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 2 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with four 6504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 25 psi with a 3 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 75°F; soil temp 1-inch depth, 64°F; soil temp 2-inch depth, 64°F; soil type, silt loam; soil pH, 7.2; % organic matter, 5.0; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.25 inches; and partly cloudy skies. Posttreatment counts were made at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 29 day intervals. Four 0.087 ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle was recorded for each 0.087 ft2. Sod samples were removed by using a 4-inch cup cutter.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Mifflin Co., Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: March 2022

Nineteen insecticide treatments were applied 1 Sep for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 by 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with four 6504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 25 psi with a 3 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 80°F; soil temp at 1-inch depth, 82°F; soil temp at 2-inch depth, 82°F; soil type, sand loam; soil pH, 6.2; % organic matter, 3.0; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; and partly cloudy skies. Posttreatment counts were made 39 days later (10 Oct). Four ft2 samples were taken from the center of each replicate and the total number of surviving Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample.