bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pressure field reconstruction scheme based on velocity data for strong shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions with regular and Mach reflections
Authors: Liu Shun , Chen Jing , van Oudheusden Bas W. , Xu Jinglei , Schrijer Ferry F. J. , Gao Bo
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a non-intrusive pressure measurement scheme based on particle image velocimetry (PIV) is presented for the complex supersonic flows with intense shock systems, by elaborately combining the MacCormack method, the streamline-based method, and the spatial integration in conservative form. According to the detailed analyses of flow structures, the pressure fields are well reconstructed by the proposed scheme for the two typical shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions containing regular and Mach reflections, which are induced by the relatively strong oblique shock waves generated by the wedges of 21° and 17° in the freestreams of Mach 2.5 and 2.0, respectively. Based on the theoretical solutions by oblique shock relationship, free interaction theory, and shock polar analysis, this pressure reconstruction scheme is completely validated to effectively suppress the propagation of PIV velocity error to the pressure field and the accumulation of reconstructed pressure error behind the strong shock wave. Compared with the literature presently, this work would be the most challenging application of PIV-based pressure measurement to such complex supersonic flows with intense shock reflections, large oscillations, wide speed ranges, and various compressible flow structures. These good results could confirm the feasibility and high accuracy of the proposed reconstruction scheme and may greatly promote its applications in academic research and engineering test for supersonic flows in the future.
Spatiotemporal super-resolution forecasting of high-speed turbulent flows
Authors: Sofos Filippos , Drikakis Dimitris , Kokkinakis Ioannis William , Spottswood S. Michael
Published: January 2025

This paper implements a spatiotemporal neural network architecture based on the U-Net prototype with four branches, UBranch, to perform both spatial reconstruction and temporal forecasting of flow fields. A high-speed turbulent flow featuring shock-wave turbulent boundary layer interaction is utilized to demonstrate the forecasting in two-dimensional flow frames. The main elements of UBranch consist of convolutional neural networks, which are fast and lightweight for such functions, in a form that bypasses the use of complex and time-consuming long-short-term memory networks. The proposed model can provide the following four future time frames when fed with a sequence of two-dimensional flow images with reasonable accuracy and low root mean square error, and, in parallel, it can indicate the maximum pressure points, which is of primary importance for shock-wave turbulent boundary layer interaction. Apart from the temporal operation, UBranch can also perform spatial super-resolution tasks, reconstructing a low-resolution image to a finer field with increased accuracy. Calculated peak signal-to-noise ratios reach 29.0 for spatiotemporal and 35.0 for spatial-only tasks.
On fluid flow regime transition in crossed rough rock fractures
Authors: Han Xuefeng , Zhang Zhenyu , Liu Xiaoqian , Xue Kangsheng , Wang Shanyong
Published: January 2025

Understanding the fluid flow behavior in crossed fractures is of great significance to fluid flow through the natural rock fracture system. To investigate the linear and nonlinear regime transitions of the fluid flow in crossed rock fractures, theoretical analyses and numerical simulations were first performed to identify the factors that cause hydraulic pressure head loss. Then, their influence on the onset of nonlinear fluid flow is further evaluated by performing fluid dynamic computation on crossed rock fractures of different configurations. The parameter identification shows that the fracture surface roughness, aperture, scale, and intersection angle are key factors influencing the fluid flow regime transition. Further single factor analyses indicate that the linear term coefficient A, nonlinear term coefficient B of the Forchheimer equation, and the critical hydraulic gradient Jc can be correlated with these parameters via different polynomial formulas. Compared with the other three parameters, further parameter sensitivity analyses reveal that the fracture aperture plays the most important role in the evolution of A, B, and Jc. Finally, a prediction model, where the critical hydraulic gradient Jc, the linear term coefficient A, and the nonlinear term coefficient B of the Forchheimer equation are determined via the fracture aperture, roughness, surface roughness, aperture, scale, and intersection angle, was proposed by a multivariate regression algorithm. The proposed model was verified by comparing the predicted A, B, and Jc with the results of numerical simulation and experiment on transparent crossed rock fracture replicas with 3 D printing technology. The proposed prediction model can be used to determine the critical hydraulic gradient to demark the fluid regime in crossed rock fractures and helps govern equation determination for the description of either linear or nonlinear fluid flow.
Turbulent cavitating flows under periodic inflow perturbations
Authors: Shi Hongbo , Zhang Hang , Nikrityuk Petr A. , Qu Sen , Wang Xikun
Published: January 2025

This work is devoted to numerical studies of transient evolution characteristics and drag reduction mechanisms of ventilated cavitating flow over an underwater axisymmetric vehicle under periodic flow disturbances. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach is adopted along with the volume-of-fluid method and the shear-stress transport k−ω turbulence model. The results show that the numerical method can accurately predict the cavity shedding dynamics and internal pressure fluctuations at the cavity development stage. Under various inflow conditions, the pressure fluctuations are consistent with the transient cavity behaviors in the spectral–temporal domain. The increased amplitude and frequency of fluctuating inflow intensify the randomness of cavity shedding, leading to higher drag on the underwater vehicle. Additionally, the new Ω identification method reveals the topological features of multiscale vortex structures in the cavity shedding process. The strength and scale of the vortices vary significantly with the vehicle's angle of attack, which is primarily governed by vortex stretching and baroclinic torque terms. Although the drag reduction rate decreases with increasing angle of attack, the novel double-ventilated ring configuration effectively suppresses cavity shedding and substantially enhances drag reduction efficiency. These findings offer valuable insights into the design and control of ventilated cavitating flows around underwater vehicles.
Role of resistin in the porcine uterus: effects on endometrial steroidogenesis
Authors: Gudelska Marlena , Dobrzyn Kamil , Kiezun Marta , Rytelewska Edyta , Zaobidna Ewa , Kisielewska Katarzyna , Kopij Grzegorz , Kaminski Tadeusz , Smolinska Nina
Published: January 2025

Context The adipose tissue produces adipokines – hormones essential to many biological functions, including reproduction. Aims We hypothesised that resistin, one of the adipokines, is present in the blood plasma, uterine luminal flushings (ULF) and uterus of pigs during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy, and that resistin influences uterine steroidogenesis. Methods This study aimed to determine the expression of resistin in the porcine endometrium and myometrium during the cycle and pregnancy by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). The adipokine concentrations in blood plasma and ULF were defined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The impact of resistin on progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) secretion and steroidogenic enzyme proteins’ expression were determined by radioimmunoassay and WB, respectively. The effect of resistin on protein kinase B (Akt) protein phosphorylation was determined by WB. Key results The study’s results identified the resistin gene and protein expression in the porcine endometrium and myometrium. Moreover, the expression of adipokine in the uterus, its concentrations in the blood plasma and ULF, and its impact on the endometrial P4 and E2 production, are dependent on the hormonal milieu related to the phase of the cycle and/or period of pregnancy. Furthermore, resistin enhances the phosphorylation of the Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions The current findings suggest that resistin may control the steroidogenesis process in the porcine endometrium and could be an important regulator of pig reproduction. Implications In the long-term perspective, the results obtained in this study may help improve farm animal breeding.
Multimodality, conventionality and inheritance in dialogic
constructions
Authors: Nikiforidou Kiki
Published: January 2025

The chapter investigates the multimodal correlates of a family of dialogic challenging
constructions in Modern Greek, anchored to the form ela (2nd person singular imperative of the verb
erxome ‘come’). First, prosodic features of these constructions are analyzed in terms of
intonation measurements in a production experiment, then gestural features are tested in terms of conventionality in a
recognition task. Gesture salience (defined independently of linguistic input) and the
functional space of gestures are discussed as factors that may explain successful and
unsuccessful results in matching gestures and constructions. Preliminary results suggest that while prosodic features
can be integrated in constructional (grammatical) descriptions and into inheritance relations, the gestural correlates
cannot as straightforwardly. Recognizing gesture constructions, optionally coindexed with grammatical
ones, may be one way of resolving the issue.
A multimodal approach to coordination in
spontaneous conversation
Authors: Lelandais Manon
Published: January 2025

This chapter proposes a constructional framework that includes the verbal, vocal, and gestural
modalities to describe coordination in conversation. I suggest a definition for coordination that is not
modality-specific, and provide a detailed analysis of two coordinate structures from a corpus of spontaneous speech in
British English that illustrates this definition. To assess its implications, a series of exploratory analyses
investigating a relationship between discourse sequence type and coordination was carried out. This study is the first
step into a new model for coordination that contributes to the development of a cognitive-linguistic approach to
multimodal and interactional features of language use.
An
evidential function of raised eyebrows in interaction
Authors: Debras Camille
Published: January 2025

In the course of interaction, raised eyebrows is a facial display that can express a wide range of
meanings, e.g. surprise, recognition, salience, or the anticipation of a response. I argue that these meanings are
united by a common evidential feature: they mark a relation between the speaker and addressee’s respective knowledge
or attitudes. More specifically, this intersubjective core function is to express a differential in expectations. In
order to identify the form’s main functions and their multimodal contextual profiles (clusters of features), I combine
quantitative statistical methods (multiple correspondence analysis), based on the fine-grained annotation of the
corpus data (220 occurrences), with the qualitative analysis of excerpts. Sequential position is a key feature: in
turn-initial position raised eyebrows mark a response, in turn-medial position they mark salience, and in turn-final
position, other-orientation. In turn-initial and turn-final position raised eyebrows are multifunctional: they
contribute to regulating turn-taking while displaying an attitude towards the previous or upcoming turn. As a visual
form with a stable core meaning, raised eyebrows qualify as a recurrent gesture. Based on the characteristics of
multifunctionality, intersubjectivity, and functional specialization depending on sequential position, raised eyebrows
could also qualify as a visual pragmatic marker.
Contrastive negation constructions in Israeli
Hebrew
Authors: Inbar Anna
Published: January 2025

This study explores the functions of Hebrew Contrastive Negation constructions (CNs), which are
usually considered grammatical patterns that combine the rejection of an accessible background assumption or an
accessible claim in the discourse via its substitution, with the two being construed as alternatives. The study
elaborates on discourse contexts that require the use of such constructions and shows that the pragmatics of CN
motivates not only the existence of the construction, but also the choice of the particular gestural patterns
coordinated with it. In line with recent developments of multimodal accounts of constructions (e.g., Lanwer, 2017; Schoonjans, 2017;
Steen & Turner, 2013; Zima
& Bergs, 2017), I propose that co-speech gestures should be viewed as an integral part of CNs in
Hebrew.
Diferencias dialectales en el orden de palabras en las construcciones de más + palabras
negativas
Authors: Bonilla-Conejo Marina , Cembrero Bonet Elsa , Leguisamon Tolentino Rocio , Sims Ethan , Zahler Sara
Published: January 2025

En muchas variedades de español, más puede ser antepuesto o pospuesto relativo a las
palabras negativas nada, nadie, nunca o ningún(o/a/os/as). Sin embargo, la frecuencia de
anteposición fluctúa enormemente entre las diferentes variedades del español. En el presente estudio se expanden investigaciones
previas de estas construcciones, analizando dos variedades adicionales del español, Panamá y Puerto Rico, y considerando el efecto
de tres variables sintácticas no consideradas anteriormente, usando una muestra más amplia de datos. Se codificaron 676 ejemplos
de estas construcciones de blogs de Panamá y 1237 ejemplos de blogs de Puerto Rico del Corpus del Español, y se
consideró el efecto de ocho factores sintácticos y semánticos en esta alternancia. Los resultados indican que los factores que
gobiernan esta variación difieren entre los dos países y que estas diferencias reflejan en parte distintas etapas en el cambio de
más pospuesto a más antepuesto.
The Amuric language family
Authors: Gruzdeva Ekaterina , Janhunen Juha
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the areal and typological position of the Amuric language family, often
classified as an isolate, but actually comprising two distinct dialectal complexes known as Nivkh and Nighvng. The
Amuric varieties are spoken in the Amur-Sakhalin region of the Russian Far East and exhibit several
cross-linguistically rare features. While these features could be assumed to be connected with the position of Amuric
as one of the residual families of the North Pacific Coast, also known as
Palaeo-Asiatic, some of them are actually based on recent innovations and do not represent the
original typology of the Amuric languages. Altogether, the Amuric languages incorporate several chronological layers
connected with the historical movements and areal contacts of their speakers.
An Austronesian-type voice system in an Amazonian isolate?
Authors: Haude Katharina
Published: January 2025

The paper discusses some typologically rare structural similarities between Movima, a South
American isolate, and the Austronesian language Tagalog. Both languages have a symmetrical voice system, and in both
languages verbs and nouns are to some degree syntactically equivalent. For Tagalog, it has been argued that the system
is due to a basically equational sentence pattern with a nominal predicate (the nominalist
hypothesis), and this explanation is also plausible for Movima. In contrast to some accounts of Austronesian
languages, however, there is no evidence of a nominalizing origin of the Movima voice markers. Thus, the discovery
that a phenomenon so far considered unique to one language family also occurs in a linguistic isolate is evidence that
rare phenomena can arise independently of an areal or genealogical relationship. At the same time, typological
parallels between an isolate and a large well-studied family are an interesting source of diachronic hypotheses
regarding an isolate language that lacks historical documentation.
Baroque accretions and isolation
Authors: Terrill Angela
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a case study comparing two Papuan languages of Island Melanesia, Lavukaleve and
Touo, with their Oceanic neighbours, exploring differing outcomes of language contact in micro-contact situations.
Social/geographic isolation has been thought to preserve or enable structural complexity, measured using a complexity
index. It is shown that each of the Papuan members of the contact situations to be described is structurally more
complex than its Oceanic neighbours, but of these, the structurally more complex language is the
socially/geographically more isolated. Among these languages, while there is a relationship between isolation and
complexity, there is a less strong relationship between being isolates and being complex. Thus, in this case at least,
isolates are not necessarily more complex through being isolates.
One language or two?
Authors: Schapper Antoinette
Published: January 2025

This chapter draws attention to the arbitrariness of isolate classifications for many Papuan
languages. So little is known about the history of the vast majority of Papuan languages that most classifications in
the literature are founded neither on significant documentation nor intensive historical-comparative study. The
chapter illustrates how arbitrary the boundaries are in defining isolates versus small language families of Papuan
languages. To highlight this issue, I juxtapose case studies of Yawa-Saweru and Maybrat-Karon. Saweru and Karon are
both referred to as divergent varieties, yet the former is classified as an independent language and
the latter as a dialect. Based on existing literature, it is shown that there is no principled reason to give
different classifications to Yawa-Saweru and Maybrat-Karon.
Supplementary comparison on tensile properties measurement
Authors: Huh Y-H
Published: January 2025

Main text

This report describes the results of the supplementary comparison, APMP.M.MM-S1, between four participants. KRISS was the pilot laboratory of this comparison. The reference material with tensile strength of 636 MPa was prepared by the pilot laboratory, KRISS (Korea) and provided to each participating laboratory.

The consistency of this measurement comparison was checked, and based on the consistency examination of the measurement a 600 MPa level tensile strength standard was defined.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
A vision-inertial interaction-based autonomous UAV positioning algorithm
Authors: Liu Cheng , Song Kecheng , Wang Wantao , Zhang Weihua , Yang Yangkun , Sun Jinyi , Wang Lin
Published: January 2025

In wartime scenarios where global navigation satellite system (GNSS) may be compromised, the cumulative errors associated with inertial navigation systems (INSs) can lead to significant positional deviations during long-distance navigation of drones. To address this issue, this study proposes an innovative vision-inertial interactive autonomous positioning algorithm that integrates visual positioning with inertial measurement unit-based methods, aiming to achieve enhanced system robustness and optimal positioning accuracy. The algorithm first implements an adaptive tile map level selection mechanism based on prior positional information from INS and onboard barometric pressure data, thereby mitigating the impact of inconsistent image scales. Subsequently, the proposed feature point extraction algorithm (Super Point V) effectively filters out invalid and interfering feature points from aerial images and tile maps. Finally, a novel matching mechanism for map expansion based on direction weights is employed to facilitate image matching and positioning, ensuring real-time accuracy and precision. Experimental results across various terrain conditions demonstrate that this approach not only enables accurate real-time computation of latitude and longitude but also effectively corrects the accumulated positioning errors of INS, achieving an average positioning accuracy error of only 4.94 m, comparable to that of conventional civilian GNSS, while maintaining excellent robustness.
Primordial black holes in SB SUSY Gauss-Bonnet inflation
Authors: Ashrafzadeh A. , Solbi M. , Heydari S. , Karami K.
Published: January 2025

Here, we explore the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) within a scalar field inflationary model coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) term, incorporating the low-scale spontaneously broken supersymmetric (SB SUSY) potential.
The coupling function amplifies the curvature perturbations, consequently leading to the formation of PBHs and detectable secondary gravitational waves (GWs).
Through the adjustment of the model parameters, the inflaton can be decelerated during an ultra-slow-roll (USR) phase, thereby augmenting curvature perturbations. Beside the observational constraints, the swampland criteria are investigated.
Our computations forecast the formation of PBHs with masses around 𝒪(10)M
⊙, aligning with the observational data of LIGO-Virgo, and PBHs with masses 𝒪(10-6)M
⊙ as potential explanation for the ultrashort-timescale microlensing events recorded in the OGLE data.
Additionally, our proposed mechanism can generate PBHs with masses around 𝒪(10-13)M
⊙, constituting roughly 99% of the dark matter.
The density parameters of the produced GWs (ΩGW
0) intersect with the sensitivity curves of GW detectors. Two cases of our model fall within the nano-Hz frequency regime. One of them satisfies the power-law scaling as ΩGW(f) ∼ f
5-γ, with the γ = 3.51, which is consistent with the data of NANOGrav 15-year.
Catalog-based pseudo-Cℓ
s
Authors: Wolz Kevin , Alonso David , Nicola Andrina
Published: January 2025

We present a formalism to extract the angular power spectrum of fields sampled at a finite
number of points with arbitrary positions — a common situation for several catalog-based
astrophysical probes — through a simple extension of the standard pseudo-Cℓ
algorithm. A
key complication in this case is the need to handle the shot noise component of the associated
discrete angular mask which, for sparse catalogs, can lead to strong coupling between very
different angular scales. We show that this problem can be solved easily by estimating this
contribution analytically and subtracting it. The resulting estimator is immune to small-scale
pixelization effects and aliasing, and, most notably, unbiased against the contribution from
measurement noise uncorrelated between different sources. We demonstrate the validity of the
method in the context of cosmic shear datasets, and showcase its usage in the case of other
spin-0 and spin-1 astrophysical fields of interest. We incorporate the method in the public
NaMaster code.
Impact of parameters in the toroidal blazar jet magnetic field model on axion-like particle constraints
Authors: Gao Lin-Qing , Bi Xiao-Jun , Li Jun , Yin Peng-Fei
Published: January 2025

The interaction between axion-like particles (ALPs) and photons induces ALP-photon oscillations in astrophysical magnetic fields, leading to spectral distortions in the γ-ray spectrum of blazars. The primary uncertainty of this phenomenon may originate from the magnetic field within the jet of the blazar. Many studies focus on a simple jet magnetic field model with a toroidal component exerting a predominant influence on regions far from the central region. While many investigations have explored the effects of ALP-photon oscillations using typical parameter values in this model, it is important to recognize that these parameters can be constrained by multi-wavelength observations. In this study, we utilize the high energy γ-ray spectrum of Mrk 421 obtained from MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observations. By employing multi-wavelength fitting with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model, we derive the parameters characterizing the simple toroidal balazar jet magnetic field model, and investigate their impacts on the ALP constraints.
A flexible parameterization to test early physics solutions to the Hubble tension with future CMB data
Authors: Kou Raphaël , Lewis Antony
Published: January 2025

One approach to reconciling local measurements of a high expansion rate with observations of acoustic oscillations in the CMB and galaxy clustering (the “Hubble tension”) is to introduce additional contributions to the ΛCDM model that are relevant before recombination. While numerous possibilities exist, none are currently well-motivated or preferred by data. However, future CMB experiments, which will measure acoustic peaks to much smaller scales and resolve polarization signals with higher signal-to-noise ratio over large sky areas, should detect almost any such modification at high significance.

We propose a method to capture most relevant possible deviations from ΛCDM due to additional non-interacting components, while remaining sufficiently constraining to enable detection across various scenarios. The phenomenological model uses a fluid model with four parameters governing additional density contributions that peak at different redshifts, and two sound speed parameters. We forecast possible constraints with Simons Observatory, explore parameter degeneracies that arise in ΛCDM, and demonstrate that this method could detect a range of specific models. Which of the new parameters gets excited can give hints about the nature of any new physics, while the generality of the model allows for testing with future data in a way that should not be plagued by a posteriori choices and would reduce publication bias.

When testing our model with Planck data, we find good consistency with the ΛCDM model, but the data also allows for a large Hubble parameter, especially if the sound speed of an additional component is not too different from that of radiation. The analysis with Planck data reveals significant volume effects, requiring careful interpretation of results. We demonstrate that Simons Observatory data will mitigate these volume effects, so that any indicated solution to the Hubble tension using our model cannot be mimicked by volume effects alone, given the significance of the tension.
Horndeski speed tests with scalar-photon couplings
Authors: Babichev Eugeny , Charmousis Christos , Muntz Benjamin , Padilla Antonio , Saltas Ippocratis D.
Published: January 2025

We revisit multi-messenger constraints from neutron star mergers on the speed of
propagation of gravitational and electromagnetic waves in Horndeski and beyond Horndeski
theories. By considering non-trivial couplings between the dark energy field and the
electromagnetic sector, the electromagnetic wave can propagate through the cosmological background
at non-unit speed, altering the phenomenological constraints on its gravitational counterpart. In
particular, we show that recent models derived from a Kaluza-Klein compactification of higher
dimensional Horndeski models fall into a broader class of theories disformally related to those
whose gravitational waves propagate with unit speed. This disformal equivalence can, however, be
broken by the gravitational couplings to other sectors with interesting phenomenological
consequences. We also consider higher order couplings between the scalar and the photon with
second order field equations, and show that they are not compatible with constraints coming from
multi-messenger speed tests and the decay of the gravitational wave.
Hybrid Image Encryption Scheme Based on a Hyperchaotic Map with Spherical Attractors
Authors: Han Zhitang , Cao Yinghong , Banerjee Santo , Mou Jun
Published: January 2025

Existing chaotic encryption schemes primarily focus on single types of images, making the design of hybrid image encryption schemes more suitable for practical applications. In this paper, a hyperchaotic map with a spherical attractor is proposed, which is constructed using spherical coordinates. Dynamical analyses reveal that the hyperchaotic map exhibits global hyperchaos and high complexity, making it capable of generating more complex chaotic sequences suitable for image encryption. A hybrid encryption scheme based on a hyperchaotic map is proposed for 2D images, 3D models, and 3D point clouds. Firstly, the pixels of 2D image and the coordinate data of 3D image are fused into a plaintext cube, which is combined with Hash-512 to obtain the initial value of the hyperchaotic map. Chaotic sequences are utilized for cube space internal confusion and dynamic cross-diffusion. The encrypted images demonstrate high information entropy, and the test results show that the encryption scheme effectively protects the images. The proposed hybrid image encryption scheme provides an efficient solution for securing various types of images.
Learning Complex Nonlinear Physical Systems Using Wavelet Neural Operators
Authors: Guo Yanan , Cao Xiaoqun , Leng Hongze , Song Junqiang
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear science is a fundamental area of physics research that investigates complex dynamical systems, which are often characterized by high sensitivity and nonlinear behaviors. Numerical simulation plays a pivotal role in nonlinear science, serving as a critical tool for revealing the underlying principles governing these systems. In addition, it plays a crucial role in accelerating progress across various fields, such as climate modeling, weather forecasting, and fluid dynamics. However, their high computational cost limits their application in high-precision or long-duration simulations. In this study, we propose a novel datadriven approach for simulating complex physical systems, particularly turbulent phenomena. Specifically, we develop an effcient surrogate model based on the Wavelet Neural Operator (WNO). Experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced WNO model can accurately simulate small-scale turbulent flows while using lower computational costs. In simulations of complex physical fields, the improved WNO model outperforms established deep learning models, such as U-Net, ResNet, and the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), in terms of accuracy. Notably, the improved WNO model exhibits exceptional generalization capabilities, maintaining stable performance across a wide range of initial conditions and high-resolution scenarios without retraining. This study highlights the significant potential of the enhanced WNO model for simulating complex physical systems, providing strong evidence to support the development of more effcient, scalable, and high-precision simulation techniques.
Phase transition in evolving networks that combine preferential attachment and random node deletion
Authors: Budnick Barak , Biham Ofer , Katzav Eytan
Published: January 2025

Analytical results are presented for the structure of networks that evolve via a preferential-attachment-random-deletion (PARD) model in the regime of overall network growth and in the regime of overall contraction. The phase transition between the two regimes is studied. At each time step a node addition and preferential attachment step takes place with probability

P

add

, and a random node deletion step takes place with probability

P

del

=
1
−

P

add

. The balance between growth and contraction is captured by the parameter

η
=

P

add

−

P

del

, which in the regime of overall network growth satisfies

0
<
η
⩽
1

and in the regime of overall network contraction

−
1
⩽
η
<
0

. Using the master equation and computer simulations we show that for

−
1
<
η
<
0

the time-dependent degree distribution

P
t

(
k
)

converges towards a stationary form

P

st

(
k
)

which exhibits an exponential tail. This is in contrast with the power-law tail of the stationary degree distribution obtained for

0
<
η
⩽
1

. Thus, the PARD model has a phase transition at η = 0, which separates between two structurally distinct phases. At the transition, for η = 0, the degree distribution exhibits a stretched exponential tail. While the stationary degree distribution in the phase of overall growth represents an asymptotic state, in the phase of overall contraction

P

st

(
k
)

represents an intermediate asymptotic state of a finite life span, which disappears when the network vanishes.
The joint distribution of first return times and of the number of distinct sites visited by a 1D random walk before returning to the origin
Authors: Gruda Mordechai , Biham Ofer , Katzav Eytan , Kühn Reimer
Published: January 2025

We present analytical results for the joint probability distribution

P
(

T

FR

=
t
,
S
=
s
)

of first return (FR) times t and of the number of distinct sites s visited by a random walk (RW) on a one dimensional lattice before returning to the origin. The RW on a one dimensional lattice is recurrent, namely the probability to return to the origin is

P

R

=
1

. However the mean

⟨

T

FR

⟩

of the distribution

P
(

T

FR

=
t
)

of FR times diverges. Similarly, the mean

⟨
S
⟩

of the distribution

P
(
S
=
s
)

of the number of distinct sites visited before returning to the origin also diverges. The joint distribution

P
(

T

FR

=
t
,
S
=
s
)

provides a formulation that controls these divergences and accounts for the interplay between the kinetic and geometric properties of FR trajectories. We calculate the conditional distributions

P
(

T

FR

=
t

|

S
=
s
)

and

P
(
S
=
s

|

T

FR

=
t
)

. Using moment generating functions and combinatorial methods, we find that the conditional expectation value of FR times of trajectories that visit s distinct sites is

E

[

T

FR

|

S
=
s
]
=

2
3

(

s
2

+
s
+
1
)

, and the variance is

Var
(

T

FR

|

S
=
s
)
=

4
45

(
s
−
1
)
(
s
+
2
)
(

s
2

+
s
−
1
)

. We also find that in the asymptotic limit, the conditional expectation value of the number of distinct sites visited by an RW that first returns to the origin at time

t
=
2
n

is

E

[
S

|

T

FR

=
2
n
]
≃

π
n

, and the variance is

Var
(
S

|

T

FR

=
2
n
)
≃
π

(

π
3

−
1
)

n

. These results go beyond the important recent results of Klinger et al (2022 Phys. Rev. E 105 034116), who derived a closed form expression for the generating function of the joint distribution, but did not go further to extract an explicit expression for the joint distribution itself. The joint distribution provides useful insight on the efficiency of random search processes, in which the aim is to cover as many sites as possible in a given number of steps. A further challenge will be to extend this analysis to higher-dimensional lattices, where the FR trajectories exhibit complex geometries.
An FPGA-agnostic system for achieving picosecond-level phase determinism in timing distribution links for High Energy Physics experiments
Authors: Orzes E. , Baron S. , Mendes E. , Rusack R. , Eberle Z. , Saradhy R. , Tousi Y. , Frahm E. , Martina F. , Vichoudis P.
Published: January 2025

Picosecond-level phase determinism in timing distribution systems is a requirement for future detectors in High Energy Physics. FPGA transceivers traditionally used to propagate timing signals generally do not meet this stringent requirement, suffering from phase jumps at startup and from drifts due to temperature variations. While ad hoc solutions have been developed using FPGA features to measure and correct for phase shifts, they remain FPGA specific and therefore cannot be generalized to all types of timing links. This paper presents a study using discrete components to monitor and correct for phase drift, allowing for an implementation of a generic deterministic link.
Visualization analysis of high voltage pulsed electric field based on Web of Science database
Authors: He Yuchun , Liu Jiali , Yue Ziyan , Yu Qiuyu , Wang Tengfei , Zhu Yingchun
Published: January 2025

To deeply understand the development status and research
hotspots of high voltage pulsed electric field (HVPEF) technology,
this paper takes the Web of Science (WOS) core collection Science
Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) database as the literature
source, and sets `high voltage pulsed electric field' as the keyword
search. The collected 3041 articles
(January 1, 1990–December 31, 2022) were used as the research
object. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to visually
analyze the number of publications, citations, authors,
institutions, journals, countries, disciplines, and keywords, and
draw a visual map to explore the development context and content
evolution of the technology on a global scale. It is found that the
HVPEF technology is in a stage of rapid development, and the number
of published papers and citations of relevant literature is on the
rise. This field has been centered on China and the United States,
forming a closely cooperative academic research network. There is
also a close cooperative relationship between different authors and
institutions. In addition, the research on HVPEF is mainly applied
to physics, plasma, etc., but food, materials, and other disciplines
are also involved. The research content extends from the PEF itself
to cells, microorganisms, etc., and gradually from principle-based
research to the use of technology to achieve the purpose. In recent
years, the research on the extraction of active compounds assisted
by PEF is increasing, which is likely to become one of the future
research hotspots in this field. In summary, the HVPEF is receiving
more and more attention, and has a very good research and
application prospect.
GRAPH — an readout ASIC for large MCP based detectors
Authors: Seljak A. , Vallerga J. , Liu G. , Raffanti R. , Varner G.S.
Published: January 2025

We present a programmable 16 channel, mixed signal, low power readout ASIC, having the project historically named Gigasample Recorder of Analog waveforms from a PHotodetector (GRAPH). It is designed to read large aperture single photon imaging detectors using micro channel plates for charge multiplication, and measuring the detector's response on crossed strips anodes to extrapolate the incoming photon position.

Each channel consists of a fast, low power and low noise charge sensitive amplifier, which provides a myriad of coarse and fine programmable options for gain and shaping settings. Further, the amplified signal is recorded using, to our knowledge novel, the Hybrid Universal sampLing Architecture (HULA) ADC. A kind of mixed signal double buffer memory, that enables concurrent waveform recording, and selected event digitized data extraction. The sampling frequency is freely adjustable between few kHz up to 125 MHz, while the chip's internal digital memory holds a history 2048 samples for each channel, with a digital headroom of 12 bits.

An optimized region of interest sample-read algorithm allows to extract the information just around the event pulse peak, while selecting the next event, thus substantially reducing the operational dead time.
The chip is designed in 130 nm TSMC CMOS technology, and its power consumption is around 47 mW per channel.
Systematic Mapping of Green Technology Research Trends in Libraries
Authors: Rifqi A N , Puspita A G
Published: January 2025

Increasing awareness of the enviromental crisis and climate change has driven various sectors, including libraries, to adopt principles of green technology and sustainable libraries. This article aims to map research trends on green technology in libraries using bibliometric analysis. The study employs a systematic approach with the data taken from three databases: Emerald, Wiley, and Proquest. In this study, data was gathered by searching for keywords like “green library” AND “technology” and “sustainable technology” AND “library,” targeting titles and abstracts of articles published between 2015 and 2024. This initial search produced 22,786 articles, which were then carefully narrowed down to a final selection of 57 articles. The results of the study show that publications on green technology in libraries remain limited, with peak in 2019. Visual analysis shows that sustainability is a central theme, closely linked to libraries, sustainable development and green libraries. In addition the study recommends further research on topic such as carbon footprint, energy efficiency, and e-waste management. This research also identifies the most productive authors, countries, and journals in the field.
PCR Detection of Ratoon Stunting Disease in Sugarcane Nursery
Authors: Wijayanti K S , Hidayah N , Yulianti T , Windiastika G , Supriyono
Published: January 2025

Disease detection of sugarcane nurseries is very important because it could prevent the spread of systemic diseases that are carried from the nursery to the production fields. One of the diseases transmitted by seed is Ratoon Stunting Disease (RSD) caused by a bacterial pathogen, Leifsonia xyli sub.sp. xyli. In this study Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the existence of RSD on a collection of sugarcane clones. The purpose of this study is to ensure that sugarcane varieties in nursery are free from RSD. The PCR method began with DNA extraction of three varieties of sugarcane collection. DNA is extracted from stalk and midribs of sugarcane leaves. The results of DNA extraction were then carried out by PCR using specific primers, they are Cxx1 and Cxx2. The PCR results will be proceed to electroforesis step to optain the DNA band. Sugarcane samples consisted of three clones, namely A1, A2, and A3. The samples were isolated from sugarcane stems and midribs. The aged of sugarcane clones used in the study was about 3 months. The results showed that three sugarcane clones wear positive for RSD.
Effect of Heating Time and Temperature on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in vegetable oil
Authors: Mahmudah R , Syarifullah M S , Sari W E M , Rofiqi I , Fasya A G
Published: January 2025

Herbal oil of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) vegetable oil extract was identified to contain secondary metabolite compounds such as curcumin and total phenol content which has the potential as an antioxidant and antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the total phenol, carotenoid, and β-carotene content in turmeric rhizome extract in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The method used for extracting was hot maceration, with variations in heating times of 4, 5, and 6 hours and variations in temperature of 50, 60, and 70 °C. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the extracted herbal oil was determined for total phenol, carotenoid, and β-carotene content. The study found that the amounts of phenols, carotenoids, and β-carotene were higher in turmeric VCO extract compared to turmeric EVOO extract. The top amount of phenol in 40% turmeric extract in VCO was 11.4% b/b GAE at 70°C and extraction time of 70°C and 4 hours. The most carotenoids found in turmeric extract in VCO were 342.18 ppm when extracted at 50°C for 5 hours. The turmeric extract in EVOO had the most β-carotene content at 9.83 ppm when extracted at 70 °C for 6 hours.
Endophytic Fungi from Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baill.: Identification, Histological Observation and Content Analysis of Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Hastuti U S , Sulisetijono S , Zahida N S , Labibah S B , Abdini A , Sulistiyowati N , Arlan L
Published: January 2025

The objectives of this research are to: determine the position and identify the endophytic fungi in the M. liliifera, and analyze secondary metabolites contents. The plant parts was rinsed and soaked in 1% NaOCl, dipped within 70% alcohol, rinsed with destiled water. The plant parts were cutted, inoculated on the PDA medium, incubated for 7 days. The fungi cultures inoculated on PDB medium, shook for 7 days, centrifugated for detect the secondary metabolites contents. The research results are: The nine endophytic fungi species were found on the branch, leaf, and twig bark are: Papulospora sp., Mycelia sterilia, Acremonium strictum W. Gams, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, Colletotrichum sp., Haplosporangium Thaxt, Asetoa abotens, Humicola sp. and Paecyilomyces sp; the endophytic fungi species found in the leaf, branch, and twig bark tissues; the secondary metabolites produce by each endophytic fungi, in the content ranged of: the terpenoid content ranged: 14,69-30,48 mg/L; the flavonoid content ranged: 105,70-220,55 mg/L; the tannin content ranged: 41,37-85,11 mg/L; the alkaloid content ranged: 19,18-40,06 mg/L; and the saponin content ranged: 16,15-33,04 mg/L. The endophytic fungi lived in the M. liliifera in symbiotic mutualism interaction. The eco-friendly antibiotic source could be obtained from the endophytic fungi liquid cultures.
Iron (Fe) Phytoremediation by Hydrilla verticillata and Its Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus: An In-vitro and In-silico Study
Authors: Fasya A G , Aminata F A , Fouzy M , Azizah Z N , Mahmudah R , Kadarani D K , Amalia S , Megawati D S
Published: January 2025

Iron (Fe) is essential for nutrition but excessive accumulation can be harmful to humans and the environment. Additionally, unhealthy aquatic environments can lead to bacterial diseases, such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This study explores the potential of Hydrilla verticillata, an aquatic plant often deemed a nuisance, for iron (Fe) phytoremediation and antibacterial applications. The research assesses the impact of various iron concentrations on the remediation efficiency of Hydrilla verticillata, measuring parameters such as iron absorption percentage, Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), and Translocation Factor (TF). It also evaluates the plant’s antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus using in-vitro and in-silico methods. The results indicate that Hydrilla verticillata effectively remediates iron, with the highest absorption rate at 98.99% at a concentration of 30 ppm. The BCF for leaves and stems were 560.999 at 10 ppm and 161.197 at 30 ppm, respectively, while the TF was 6.087 at 15 ppm. The antibacterial activity was 8.313 mm at 10 ppm, and molecular docking revealed that the compound phytol has a binding affinity of −6,0 kcal/mol. This research highlights Hydrilla verticillata’s dual role in environmental remediation and antibacterial activity.
Identification of Aquifer Layers Using Geoelectric Methods Based on Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in Dengkol Village
Authors: Luthfin A , Izza L , Alfania I N , Irjan  , Munir M M
Published: January 2025

Dengkol Village, Malang Regency, East Java, is an area that is known to be difficult to get water sources or is a red zone for well drillers, because there are several excavation points that fail to get water. The depth of the existing well is close to 100m, dominated by hard rock, so drilling costs in this area are quite expensive. This research aims to determine the depth of the aquifer layer at the research location, so that it can be used as a reference in drilling wells at that location. This research was carried out using the geoelectric VES method with a schlumberger configuration and an electrode path length of 400 meters. The research results show that the subsurface lithology in Dengkol Village consists of clay rock, alluvium, tuff breccia at a depth of 0,7-4,24 m with rock resistivity value of 6892 Ωm and a depth of 30.5 – 46,3 m with a rock resistivity value of 521 Ωm, is a layer of hard rock. Sandstone rock at a depth of 46,3 – 167 m with a rock resistivity value of 3,95 Ωm is an aquifer layer.