bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alwithanani Naif
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Although the fact that the association of the periodontitis and the diabetes mellitus is well accepted, the literature has inconsistent findings regarding this connection. The motive in conducting this systematic review was to define whether poorly controlled diabetes was linked to the development or progression of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

Databases from PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched electronically. All included articles’ reference lists were manually searched. Google Scholar was used to research gray literature. For this review, longitudinal studies (prospective) on the association between periodontitis and diabetes were taken into consideration. Studies have to have included at least two parameters of the evolution of health of the periodontium throughout time. The study’s design, as well as unadjusted and adjusted estimates, was recorded. This study calculated the combined impact of diabetes-related hyperglycemia on the start or progression of periodontitis using meta-analysis. To look into possible sources of study heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used.

Results:

With 49,262 participants from 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 3197 of whom had been diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes augmented the likelihood of developing or progressing into periodontitis by 86%, according to meta-analyses of adjusted estimates (RR 1.86; 95% CI 1.3-2.8). On the association between periodontitis and diabetes, there is little data, nonetheless.

Conclusions:

This study provides proof that persons with diabetes have an increased risk of developing periodontitis. Methodological limitations mentioned in this study should be overcome in upcoming prospective longitudinal investigations.
Ameloglyphics: A Forensic Tool for Human Identification
Authors: Abdul Nishath Sayed
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Crime rates in our contemporary technological age have been rising at an alarming pace. Newer methods are needed to determine who the perpetrator and victim are in these situations. By comparing a person’s recorded information with their own unique characteristics, automated biometric systems may determine who they are. Biometric identifiers like fingerprint and iris scanning are among the most reliable ways. Due to the vulnerability of soft tissues, these procedures cannot be depended on in the event of widespread calamities such as fires or gas leaks. Therefore, improved individual identification necessitates a biometric system based on the hard tissue. Thus, ameloglyphics was created to serve as a key tool in forensic odontology, particularly in the case of huge fatalities caused by natural catastrophes.
Prevalence of Oral Health Status among the General Population in Kallakurichi District, Tamil Nadu, India- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elakiya S , Prabu D , Bharathwaj VV , Sindhu R , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Rajmohan M , Gousalya V
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of oral health status among the general population in Kallakurichi district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public in the Kallakurichi district. A total number of 176 samples were selected and equally divided among urban (88 samples) and rural areas (88 samples). The samples were obtained from various parts of urban and rural areas in the Kallakurichi district based on the multistage random sampling method. The data regarding oral health status was recorded using the World Health Organization (WHO) Proformas 2013 and 1997. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results:

The prevalence of dental caries (74.1%) was found to be the highest in the Kallakurichi district, followed by malocclusion (71.7%) and periodontal diseases (66.7%). A significant result was found in dental caries, dental fluorosis, dental trauma, and dental erosion between the index age groups.

Conclusion:

The government of Tamil Nadu should take proper preventive measures and also provide oral health knowledge and awareness among the public to overcome these dental problems.
Assessment of Clinical Outcome of Root Coverage Following Coronally Advanced Flap with or without Amniotic Membrane
Authors: Navarasu M , Umayal M , Vijay VK , Tamilarasan M , Indhu K , Mugil MS
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The present study aimed to assess the clinical outcome of root coverage following coronally advanced flap with or without amniotic membrane in Miller’s class I or class II localized gingival recession in relation to anteriors.

Methods:

Five patients with bilaterally symmetrical Miller’s class I or class II localized gingival recession were included in the study. Each patient was divided into control (without amniotic membrane) and test sites (with amniotic membrane) arbitrarily. Clinical parameters including plaque index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and depth and width of the gingival recession were recorded in a pro forma at baseline and in the 2nd, 4th, 12th week. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

A 0.600-mm, 0.400-mm, 2.630-mm, and 2.616-mm reduction in PPD and gain in CAL were observed at control and test sites in the 12th week postoperatively and was found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.580 and P = 0.871, respectively). Changes in depth and width of the gingival recession were observed and found to be maximum between base line (2.28 mm, 3.01 mm, 2.71, and 3.09 mm) and 2nd week (0.00, 0.00 mm, 0.23, and 0.20 mm) but without statistical significance.

Conclusion:

From the above results of the study, it could be concluded that the use of amniotic membrane as a barrier along with coronally advanced flap did not influence the clinical outcome of root coverage procedure.
Correlation between Gingival Thickness and Occurrence of Gingival Recession
Authors: Koppolu Pradeep , Al Arabi Asal Abdulrahman , Al Khayri Mira Jameel , Alfaraj Fatimah Ali , Alsafwani Wala Mohammed , Alhozaimi Sara Fahad , Alrashidi Yara Jameel
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Gingival recession (GR) has become a common problem among patients. GR is associated with increased accumulation of plaque, root caries, abrasion and cervical wear, and dentinal hypersensitivity. The present study aimed to examine the correlation between gingival biotypes and the occurrence of GR.

Methods:

The study initially recruited 94 subjects; however, 54 of them did not have any recession sites, and hence were discarded. Therefore, the analysis was performed on 40 subjects. The study particularly compared the relationship between the recession length (RL) and width along with the gingival thickness (GT). As such, different clinical parameters were analyzed, namely, RL, recession width (RW), keratinized gingival width (KGW), and GT.

Results:

Based on the statistical analysis (descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation) conducted on the collected data, the study established that the gingival RL has a significant negative relationship with GT, which implied that the amount of thickness is inversely proportional to the RL. The study also found a significant positive correlation between RW and RL as well as between GT and KGW.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, the study thus concluded that the gingival biotype (thickness) significantly determines the occurrence and extent of GR.
The Effects of Fixed Versus Removable Orthodontic Retainers on Stability and Periodontal Health: 4-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hotchandani Kamal Dhruvkumar , Thangadurai Janarthan , Parate Akhilesh Singh , Nixon Jeff Zacharia , Kamble Ranjit H. , Meghalapriya P
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Long-term or even indefinite retention is routinely prescribed after orthodontic treatment as a preventive safeguard against post-treatment changes induced by tooth movement, physiological healing, and the aging process. Though both fixed and removable versions of retainers may be equally effective in terms of results, sufficient research to support this assumption is missing at the moment.

Objectives:

Long-term effects of fixed and removable retention on the periodontium, and the compliance level when used for an extended period of time.

Methods:

For 4 years participants were given a supply of canine-to-canine retainers and vacuum-formed canine-to-canine retainers. The inter-canine, as well as inter-molar widths, the length, and the extraction space opening of the mandibular anterior portion, were measured. Gingival inflammation, calculus, and plaque were observed, as well as the attachment of clinical and the case of bleeding during probing. 42 members had returned in the follow-up period, with 21 from each of the two groups. Measurements of the modified gingival index and plaque scoring were performed on the 10 intra-oral photographs that were taken at 4-week intervals in this study to investigate the intra-examiner reliability.

Results:

After controlling for confounding variables, there was a 1.64 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30, 2.98 mm) median between-groups difference among patients who utilized vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs). The treatment groups did not vary in inter-canine and intermolar widths (P = 0.52; 95% CI, −1.07, 1.05), arch length (P = 0.99; 95% CI, −1.15, 1.14), or opening of extraction spaces (P = 0.84).

Conclusion:

A long-term study demonstrates that fixed retention can preserve the alignment of the mandibular anterior over time for the first time. Gingival discomfort and higher plaque scores were reported in both types of retainers.
Salivary Soluble CD44 Level in Chronic Periodontitis – A Comparative Assessment between Preoperative and Postoperative Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Bagde Hiroj , Salam TA Abdul , Algharbi Elaf Mubarak , AlSane Maha Ibrahim , Almalki Maram Mohammed , Alshahrani Reema Sultan , Alhaji Mayada Ibraheem , Alabdulmonem Halah Abdulrahman
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Salivary biomarkers can be used to diagnose illnesses, track their course, and gauge a patient’s response to therapy. Inflammatory circumstances result in higher sCD44 levels. The most typical inflammatory disorder connected to periodontal tissue is called periodontitis. Therefore, the purpose “of the current study was to compare the levels of sCD44 in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing.

Objectives:

1) Determining CD44 concentrations in healthy individuals’ spit. 2) To quantify CD44 levels in the saliva of individuals with persistent periodontitis. The third objective is to compare the levels of CD44 that can be dissolved in saliva between those with healthy gums and those with active periodontitis. 4) Assessing CD44 levels in saliva after “scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis.”

Materials and Methods:

Half of the study participants were classified as having chronic periodontitis, while the other half had healthy gums. Participants with healthy gums and those with chronic periodontitis had their plaque levels, gingival status, and testing depths measured. All the same, data were calculated in persons with chronic periodontitis one month after they had “scaling and root planing done. Clinical attachment levels were evaluated before scaling and root planing was performed on patients with chronic periodontitis and again one month afterwards. Patients with chronic periodontitis,” those whose condition had not improved following scaling and root planing (SRP), and healthy individuals all had spit tests conducted after a month. The concentration of sCD44 in the saliva was determined with a chemically coupled immunosorbent assay.

Results:

Salivary sCD44 levels were substantially greater in people with chronic periodontitis than in people without the condition. After one month of scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis, sCD44 levels drastically dropped (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Chronic periodontitis is linked to elevated levels of salivary sCD44. sCD44 can be employed as a possible salivary biomarker for chronic Periodontitis.
Treatment of Denture Stomatitis Using Modified Tissue Conditioners: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mathivanan Abirami , Sayeeganesh N , Raveendran Anu , Ramya Duraisamy , Mani Jeevitha
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The most common sequela of wearing removable dentures is denture stomatitis. This review article uses a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format to collect data regarding articles that report on the treatment of denture stomatitis using tissue conditioners modified with antifungal drugs, inorganic compound, and phytomedicines. Their advantages, disadvantages, and mechanism of action are discussed.
Diode Laser in the Management of Foliate Papillitis – Two Case Reports
Authors: Ebenezer Jagadish , Sundaram Daniel S. , Hepziba M. Blessy , Mary M. Irudaya , Muthunayagam A.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The human tongue consists of various kinds of papillae which form its characteristic morphology. Among these papillae, the foliate papillae may become enlarged and inflamed causing a condition called as foliate papillitis. The treatment of this disease includes relieving all causes of trauma such as sharp teeth, ill-fitting dentures, etc., to the region. However, for several patients, the symptoms of foliate papillitis remain even after the conservative treatment is done. For two of these patients, we have used IMDSL dental diode laser of 980 nm to ablate the enlarged foliate papillae to relieve the symptoms of pain. Both the patients were recalled after one month during which time they were free of symptoms with total healing of the ablated site. One year later, during follow-up, both the patients remained symptom free. We believe this is the first time that diode laser has been used for the treatment of foliate papillitis.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Various Root Canal Irrigants on Removal of Smear Layer in Primary Teeth: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alqarni Adel S. , AlGomaiah Muadh A.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of the current research was to appraise the effectiveness of different radicular canal irrigant solutions on the elimination of the smear layer in deciduous teeth.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 fit deciduous teeth that were subjected to extraction for a variety of curative reasons were employed in this research. Every sample tooth was subjected to decoronation at the CEJ employing a carborundum disk. A number 10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer) was utilized to estimate the working length of the radicular canal using a manual technique by a sole operator in the step-back method. The specimens were allocated at random to one of the following three groups: Group 1: Irrigation using Saline, Group 2: Irrigation using 6% Citric acid, and Group 3: Irrigation using sodium hypochlorite. Following 24 h of storage, the sample teeth were subjected to vertical grooving using diamond suctioning discs beneath a high-power suction. All sections were subjected to staining using 1% methylene blue for 2 min before rinsing with 0.9% saline and allowed to bench dry. Rendering scores for the existence of a smear layer for the two halves of the split sample tooth were performed by visual inspection for the cervical, middle, plus apical one-third via a light stereomicroscope at 40× magnifying power.

Results:

With saline irrigation, the smear coat elimination at coronal one-third scored at 2.16 ± 0.11, 1.84 ± 0.06 at middle one-third, along with 1.92 ± 0.26 at the apical one-third. When 6% citric acid was employed as an irrigant, the scores were 0.72 ± 0.14 at coronal one-third, 0.84 ± 0.03 at middle one-third, and 0.90 ± 0.23 at apical one-third. When sodium hypochlorite was used as an irrigant, the mean score was 0.78 ± 0.12 at the coronal one-third, 0.92 ± 0.06 at the middle one-third, as well as 0.96 ± 0.18 at the apical one-third. The differences between the groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The current in-vitro research arrived at a conclusion that 6% citric acid has the potential to eliminate smear coats in deciduous radicular canals when employed as a closing irrigant following instrumentation.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Different Mouthwashes on Periodontal Pathogens—An In vitro Study
Authors: Mishra Debasish , Kulkarni Avdhoot , Shrinivas  , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Mahapatra Niva , Mailankote Shilpa
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of this research was to identify the antimicrobial effectiveness of three different mouthwashes on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms.

Materials and Methods:

2 periodontal disease-causing microorganisms, i.e., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were chosen for this investigation. Prior to commencing this research, a variety of branded and commercially obtainable mouthwashes were procured. Three oral rinses, namely HiOra, Hexidine, and Amflor, were chosen for the current research. The subculture of A. actinomycetemcomitans as well as P. gingivalis was performed by subjecting them to incubation for 48 to 72 hours at 35–37°C. The disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the extract in opposition to the pathogens tested. The zone of inhibition was calculated in millimeters. The mean value of every sample was documented.

Results:

Hexidine oral rinse in pursuit by Amflor as well as HiOra oral rinse exhibited the highest zone of inhibition in opposition to A. Actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The differences amid the groups were statistically significant with a P value < 0.001.

Conclusion:

The current research concluded that amid the three different oral rinses employed in the current research, Hexidine oral rinse exhibited greatest antimicrobial effectiveness versus Amflor and HiOra mouthrinse.
Calcium Channel Blockers- Induced Iatrogenic Gingival Hyperplasia: Case Series
Authors: Priyadarshini G. Agnes Golda , Edsor Effie , Sajesh S. , Neha K. , Gangadhar Reneega
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Hypertension rightfully termed as “Silent killer” is associated with increase in morbidity and mortality when left untreated. Calcium channel blockers are the most commonly prescribed first-line anti-hypertensive drugs in India. Calcium channel blockers are known to cause gingival hyperplasia but with lower incidence rates compared to the other two groups causing iatrogenic gingival overgrowth, immunosuppressants, and anticonvulsants. Nifedipine administration, among the calcium channel blockers, has been frequently associated with iatrogenic gingival hyperplasia. Incidence of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia which has similar pharmacodynamic action like nifedipine, had been reported rarely. Here, we present a case series of drug induced gingival overgrowth caused by calcium channel blockers used for the management of hypertension. All the patient’s condition improved after withdrawal of the offending drug, oral prophylaxis and intervention, and alternate drug from other first-line drugs were started for managing hypertension.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 Pandemic among Patients Attending Dental Outpatient Department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Sinha Anvita , Sharma Nitesh Kumar , Saxena Sudhanshu , Tiwari Sonia , Prasad Anushree , Kumari Pooja , Kundu Mousami
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an extremely contagious illness that spreads mostly via the dentistry practice. Patients in need of dental care are at a higher risk of becoming infected with and becoming carriers of the illness.

Aim:

To assess the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients visiting dental outpatient department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, patients visiting dental outpatient department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India were included. The questionnaire had four sections including demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and practice in relation to COVID-19. Along with computation of descriptive statistics, data analysis was performed using unpaired t-test.

Results:

A total of 332 people took part in the research. The female respondents were higher in number (53.01%) and the highest percentage of the respondents belongs to the age group 18–40 years (55.72%). Nearly, 98% of respondents were vaccinated. The highest percentage of KAP level was recorded for knowledge (74.95%) followed by that of attitude (50.84%) and practices (37.05%).

Conclusion:

While respondents’ overall knowledge was high but their enthusiasm for taking preventative measures was low, and their efforts to stem the pandemic were lagging at best. Future campaigns should focus more on reaching out to marginalized populations, such as those with less education or higher poverty rates.
Self-Reported Allergic Occupational Contact Dermatitis among Dental Healthcare Professionals in United Arab Emirates -A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Jaber Mohamed , Prasad Prathibha
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

In dentistry, occupational contact dermatitis may affect dental professionals along with technicians, nurses, and patients. Changes to dental practice in recent years have altered the reported frequencies of allergens causing contact dermatitis in both dental professionals and dental patients. In the current cross-sectional study, we used a structured questionnaire and clinical examinations to examine the prevalence of self-reported hand eczema among United Arab Emirates (UAE). The relationship between subjective skin discomfort and latex, composite/bonding, or other dental materials also was explored. A structured questionnaire was designed to analyze the prevalence of skin conditions among dental professionals and study its implication in gender, occupation, and age groups. The questionnaire included information about skin symptoms, atopy, occupational experience, and other background factors like respiratory symptoms, work history and methods, and exposure at work. It was distributed to 550 randomly selected dental healthcare professionals. Out of 550 dental healthcare workers contacted, 434 responded giving a response rate of 79%. The prevalence of dry and rough skin on the hands was highest (45%). There was a total of 29 cases of allergic contact dermatitis, 15 cases of contact urticaria, 12 cases of irritating contact dermatitis, and 1 incidence of onychomycosis among the 100 dental healthcare professionals who reported having dermatitis on their hands, forearms, or faces due to their daily dental chores. Rubber chemicals and natural rubber latex (NRL) in protective gloves used by dentists, as well as dental-restorative plastic materials (methylacrylates), were the most common causes of allergy. Dry skin and hand eczema were more common among dental healthcare professionals. Plastic gloves or NRL gloves with a low protein content are recommended for dental work. Skin exposure to methylacrylates or latex should be avoided.
Physicochemical Characterization of Novel Biomaterial Consisting of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, Chitosan, Casein and Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Ormocarpum Cochinchinense
Authors: Somashekar Gayathri , Sudhakar Uma , Prakash PSG , Suresh Snophia , Rajachandrasekaran Yamini , Thirugnanasambandam Geetha , Srividya S
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Bioceramics are widely used as a biomaterial to promote bone regeneration. Bone defect management requires the placement of bone grafts. Though there are many bone grafts available, these have certain limitations like limited supply and second surgical site morbidity. Phytochemicals in plants are known to have bone regeneration capacity and are used in traditional medicine for bone fracture healing.

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to create a novel biomaterial consisting of a composite of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), chitosan (CH), casein (CA), and ethanolic leaves extract of Ormocarpum Cochinchinense (OC) fabricated and characterized for physicochemical properties.

Materials and Methods:

BCP-CH-CA-OC material was prepared and immersed in Simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. Physical properties were analysed through X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Mechanical properties were analysed by compressive strength and diametral tensile strength tests. Using BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis and Nano computed tomography (CT) scan, porosity measurements were made.

Results:

XRD did not show any significant change after immersion in SBF, indicating that the material was not under change and is stable. FTIR showed an increase in chitosan content, due to the loss of casein. SEM analysis showed the deposition of crystals and porous structure. EDS showed the deposition of minerals. Nano CT and BET analysis showed clinically significant porosity of 30%.

Conclusion:

The mechanical and physical properties of this novel biomaterial could be used in tissue engineering for the repair of bone defects in non-load-bearing areas. The physicochemical properties are at par with other materials used for the purpose of bone grafting. The novel biomaterial has the potential to be used in bone regenerative medicine in non-load-bearing applications.
Analog and Digital Protocols for Functional Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Post-COVID-19 Rhino-Orbito Cerebral Mucormycosis Maxillofacial Defects: A Case Series
Authors: Bhargava Anuj , Soni Smita , Raj Kavita , Gupta Mahak , Deshpande Rohan , Khan Mohd Faisal
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The current study aims to present our clinical observations and experience gathered during the diagnosis, clinical presentation, medical/surgical treatment, and functional prosthetic rehabilitation of cases of rhino-orbital/cerebral Mucormycosis patients. Mucormycosis is an aggressive, life-threatening invasive fungal infection that occurs in people who are immune-compromised. The rise of ROCM during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India suggests a more effective association between Mucormycosis and the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. The treatment strategy for Mucormycosis is an early diagnosis which is critical for a successful outcome. The initial step is to reduce or remove underlying risk factors followed by surgical excision and debridement of the afflicted tissues supplemented with antifungal medication. The first-line antifungal treatment is Liposomal Amphotericin B. Postsurgical resection defects are rehabilitated by either removable partial prosthesis (obturators) or by fixed zygomatic implant/patient-specific implant supported prosthesis. Management of ROCM requires a multidisciplinary approach. This case series highlights detailed medical, surgical, and functional prosthetic management modalities adopted by our team in managing such a dreaded disease which may be used as a tool for the formulation of standardized prevention and management/treatment/rehabilitation protocols in the future so that disease morbidity and mortality be reduced and an endemic outbreak could be averted.
Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kumar Harish A. , Desai Anupama , Mohiddin Gouse , Mishra Pallavi , Bhattacharyya Arnab , Nishat Roquaiya
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small sub-population of cells within a tumor mass proficient of tumor initiation and progression. Distinguishing features possessed by CSCs encompass self-renewal, regeneration and capacity to differentiate. These cells are attributed to the phenomenon of aggression, recurrence and metastasis in neoplasms. Due to their cancer initiating and contributing features, a proper understanding of these CSCs and its microenvironment would aid in better understanding of cancer and designing better targeted therapeutic strategies for improved clinical outcome, thus improving the prognosis. This article dispenses a narrative review of CSCs in the context of head and neck carcinoma under the sub headings of overview of cancer stem cells, methods of isolation of these cells, putative CSC markers of head and neck cancer, signaling pathways used by these cells and their therapeutic implications.
Orthopedic Manifestations and Post-COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Sinha Priti R. , Mallick Nitin , Sahu Ramjee L.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

It’s been widely reported that the new coronavirus has adverse effects on the musculoskeletal system. The primary goal of this study is to establish the frequency of musculoskeletal complaintswith extended COVID syndrome. This retrospective cohort research examined the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems in patients with chronic COVID-19 syndrome.

Material and Methods:

About 100 COVID-19patients tested positive, of which 27 (27.0%) had a minimum of one orthopedic impairment.

Results:

Patients with orthopedic conditions were significantly younger than those without (53.7 years vs. 58.1 years, p = 0.003), and their incidence was significantly higher in obese than non-obese patients (p = 0.022).

Conclusion:

Furthermore, patients with diabetes had significantly more orthopedic symptoms than those with cardiac or pulmonary complications. According to our research, patients who are obese or diabetic have a higher probability of experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms when infected with COVID-19. Additionally, analysis is needed to determine whether these orthopedic conditions persist during active disease and post-infection.
Influence of Educational Intervention on Awareness and Attitude of Nursing Students Towards Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Prabath Indumathi , Raja Sangeetha , Navabalan Vivekraj , Marimuthu Kalavalli
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a major concern of the pharmacovigilance program of India and has deteriorated further with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Imparting the knowledge of pharmacovigilance among nursing students would significantly enhance patient care. Hence, this study was framed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on awareness and attitude of ADR reporting among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental pretest-post-test study was conducted among nursing students of a tertiary care hospital in South India. The students were asked to fill out a validated questionnaire to assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on ADR reporting, before and after the educational intervention. Knowledge and attitude results were analysed using Mc Nemar’s test.

Results:

A total of 135 nursing students attended the educational intervention and completed pretest and post-test questionnaires. Around 130 (96.3%) and 107 (79.3%) students were aware of pharmacovigilance and ADR monitoring center following the intervention. Median (interquartile range) of knowledge scores before and after the intervention were 3 (2-3) and 5 (3-7), respectively. Overall knowledge score of ADR reporting significantly improved after the intervention. Sixty two (45.9%) students agreed that ADR reporting would enhance patient safety. ADR reporting was practised by 52 (38.5%) participants. Nearly, 107 (79.3%) students were interested to participate in similar pharmacovigilance training programs.

Conclusion:

Educational intervention in pharmacovigilance improved the cognitive and affective domains of pharmacovigilance in nursing students. Periodic training programs are essential for sustained behavioural change in students.
Assessment of Serum Fucose Level among Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ashem Albert , Mehta Dhaval N. , Singh Deepak N. , Singh Khwairakpam C. , Anupriya Ch. , Devi Ahanthem N.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Serum glycoproteins, which are made up of various monosaccharides, are altered in malignancy, a disorder of cellular conduct. L-fucose, a methyl pentose that serves as the last sugar in the majority of plasma glycoproteins, is one of the monosaccharides. Numerous illness conditions and cancers have been linked to increased levels of protein-bound fucose.

Materials and Methods:

In the current study, the serum fucose levels of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy individuals were assessed and compared. The present study included a total of 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls. The Winzler method was used to estimate the serum L-fucose levels using a spectrophotometer (Spectronic 20, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).

Results:

Age and sex had no effect on serum fucose levels. In contrast to healthy individuals, OSCC patients’ mean serum fucose levels significantly increased. In conclusion, patients with OSCC can benefit from the use of serum fucose as an investigative biomarker.
Asymptotics of Robin eigenvalues on sharp infinite cones
Authors: Pankrashkin Konstantin , Vogel Marco
Published: July 2023

Let

\omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n

be a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary. For

\varepsilon>0

and

n\in\mathbb{N}

, consider the infinite cone

\Omega_{\varepsilon}:=\{(x_1,x')\in (0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^n\colon x'\in\varepsilon x_1\omega\}\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}

and the operator

Q_{\varepsilon}^{\alpha}

acting as the Laplacian

u\mapsto-\Delta u

on

\Omega_{\varepsilon}

with the Robin boundary condition

\partial_\nu u=\alpha u

at

\partial\Omega_\varepsilon

, where

\partial_\nu

is the outward normal derivative and

\alpha>0

. We look at the dependence of the eigenvalues of

Q_\varepsilon^\alpha

on the parameter

\varepsilon

: this problem was previously addressed for

n=1

only (in that case, the only admissible

\omega

are finite intervals). In the present work, we consider arbitrary dimensions

n\ge2

and arbitrarily shaped “cross-sections”

\omega

and look at the spectral asymptotics as

\varepsilon

becomes small, i.e., as the cone becomes “sharp” and collapses to a half-line. It turns out that the main term of the asymptotics of individual eigenvalues is determined by the single geometric quantity

N_\omega:=\frac{\operatorname{Vol}_{n-1} \partial\omega}{\operatorname{Vol}_n \omega}.

More precisely, for any fixed

j\in \mathbb{N}

and

\alpha>0

, the

j

-th eigenvalue

E_j(Q^\alpha_\varepsilon)

of

Q^\alpha_\varepsilon

exists for all sufficiently small

\varepsilon>0

and satisfies

E_j(Q^\alpha_\varepsilon)=-\frac{N_\omega^2{}\alpha^2}{(2j+n-2)^2{}\varepsilon^2}+O\Bigl(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\Bigr)\quad \text{as $\varepsilon\to 0^+$.}

The paper also covers some aspects of Sobolev spaces on infinite cones, which can be of independent interest.
Northcott numbers for the weighted Weil heights
Authors: Okazaki Masao , Sano Kaoru
Published: July 2023

We answer the question of Vidaux and Videla about the distribution of the Northcott numbers for the Weil height. We solve the same problem for the weighted Weil heights. These heights generalize both the absolute and relative Weil height. Our results also refine those of Pazuki, Technau, and Widmer.
Domains of holomorphy in Stein spaces
Authors: Vîjîitu Viorel
Published: July 2023

We prove an interpolation theorem for domains in Stein spaces that are locally Stein outside rare analytic sets and improve several existing results in this area. This is then applied to the Levi problem in Stein spaces.
Pseudo-uniformities
Authors: Valent Tullio
Published: July 2023

The notions of pseudo-uniformity for a set

X

and of pseudo-metric presented in this paper are somehow connected. Unlike the uniformity, the elements of a pseudo-uniformity do not necessarily contain the diagonal

\Delta

of

X \times X

but only some points (at least one point) of it. Likewise, the pseudo-metrics considered and utilized here do not vanish on the whole of

\Delta

, but only in some points of it. It will be showed how any family of pseudo-metrics defines a pseudo-uniformity. The main result achieved is the proof that every pseudo-uniformity is defined by a family of “pseudo-uniformly continuous” pseudo-metrics. In the final part of the paper, we prove that every topology is defined by a family of pseudo-metrics and, consequently, that every topology is pseudo-uniformizable: nay every topology defines a pseudo-uniformity which induces just the starting topology.
Normalized solutions for the Klein–Gordon–Dirac system
Authors: Coti Zelati Vittorio , Nolasco Margherita
Published: July 2023

We prove the existence of a stationary solution for the system describing the interaction between an electron coupled with a massless scalar field (a photon). We find a solution, with fixed

L^2

-norm, by variational methods, as a critical point of an energy functional.
Modeling Virtual Sensor for Engine Nitrogen Oxides Using Variants of
Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kamat Shivaram , Kapase Parashuram , Jain Priyank , Lande Sharad
Published: July 2023

Virtual sensing or estimation of emission species such as NOx at the engine
exhaust using the appropriate engine measurables and leveraging it for
control/diagnosis is a challenging task given the highly nonlinear and dynamic
nature of the combustion process. This article presents development of virtual
engine-out NOx (EONOx) sensor using two different supervised dynamic artificial
neural network (ANN) topologies, namely, trained recurrent neural network (RNN)
and wavelet neural network (WNN). The proposed RNN architecture is a single
hidden layer neural network with permutations of feedback connections between
the inter- and intra-layer nodes. The RNN resembles a nonlinear state-space
model mapping select engine measurables and the engine-out NOx and is trained
using a variant of real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithm. The WNN
architecture is a single hidden layer neural network comprising hidden layer
nodes with wavelets as activation functions. The activation functions of the WNN
nodes are adapted for their form and time shift along with their synaptic
weights in the supervised learning method. The topologies are validated in
virtual environment using modeled data as well as experimental data. Approaches
toward leveraging these virtual sensors for better NOx control, both at the
engine-out and system-out level are discussed along with their benefits. The
limitations of such data-based virtual sensors are stated. The outcome of this
work is methodology to select appropriate ANN topology and training it for
efficient EONOx virtual sensor and leveraging it for control at engine and
tailpipe level.
Recommended RMS Terms and Parameters
Authors:   G-41 Reliability
Published: July 2023

The terms used in most engineering technologies tend to be physical characteristics such as speed, rate of turn, and fuel consumption. While they may require very careful definition and control of the way in which they are measured, the terms themselves are not subject to different interpretations. Reliability, maintainability and supportability (RMS) however, use terms that are mathematically defined. As a result, there are more than 2000 terms defined in just the documents reviewed so far, many of which have multiple interpretations.

This proliferation of definitions of the terms leads to problems when one attempts to compare the performance of one system to another. For example, the RMS performance of a transport aircraft from the commercial arena is measured using metrics that are not the same as those for a fighter or attack aircraft from a military service. It is accepted that some of the metrics may be unique because of the nature of the missions, but it is the strong conviction of the Government and Industry practitioners who make up the SAE Committee G-11 that there should be some fundamental definitions used for all hardware systems.

Accordingly, in early 1986 the SAE G-11R (Resources) subcommittee was formed and tasked to review relevant RMS documents, extract any applicable terms, and through a system of logical selection compile a series of terms and definitions that would be recommended for the Aerospace Community. There are undoubtedly many more documents that need to be reviewed for the definitions they contain, for example, we have specifically excluded “software reliability” from this edition. Also, there is a need to reconcile the terms and their definitions with those commonly used in the commercial aircraft business. It is planned that the SAE subcommittee work shall continue to result in future revisions that will broaden the scope of the document. This is the document that has been prepared by the SAE G-11R subcommittee. Future updates of this document will continue to reflect the converging of defense and commercial technology and standards.
An Experimental Study on the Influence of Blended Karanja Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Characteristics
Authors: Naveen Yatirajula , Lokanadham Dharmana , Naidu Doddi Ramajogi , Sharma Rakesh Chandmal , Palli Srihari , Lila Manish Kumar
Published: July 2023

The primary source of global warming is the exploitation of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It has emerged as a promising alternative to petroleum-based fuels due to its lower carbon footprint. However, it is important to note that the economic and energy output of vegetable oil plants that are involved in the production of this fuel is not known. Current research trends on biodiesel fuels have been investigated on non-edible oils, which present better performance when blended with diesel. This work studies the performance of karanja-based biodiesel on VCR engines with different Diesel Blending Ratio (DBR) of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%. Engine performance and exhaust gas analysis tests are carried out on a VCR-diesel engine at various loads to examine specific characteristics of karanja biodiesel as a fuel. As per observations, DBR 10%, 20% of biodiesel exhibited better performance than the other blended fuels. To enhance the performance of DBR 10% and 20% biodiesel were graded up with the addition of 5% Methanol. The overall performance of all blended fuels is compared in all aspects.
Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engine
Authors: Siva V. , Vikramasuriyan S. , Mugundhan S.
Published: July 2023

In this article, the potential of the hybrid propellant rocket engine technique is discussed. it is a great dream to flight engineers to design and fabricate a rocket engine with more reliability and nil rate of combustion instability probably for long range applications. Solid propellant rocket engine and liquid propellant rocket engine has a considerable rate of advantages but combustion instability is a great threaten in both the engines. Hybrid propellant rocket engine has a very less rate of combustion instabilities when compared to both solid and liquid propellant engines. The ultimate aim of every engine design is to prevent occurrence of this combustion instability and maintain reliable operation during entire span of the combustion process. This article is mainly focused on occurrence of various type of combustion instabilities in hybrid propellant rocket engine and its preventing methods. The performance of the hybrid propellant rocket engine was analysed under various aspects and its unique characteristics were presented in detail.
Optimization of Fixture Layout and Clamping Force in a Concurrent Environment to Improve the Part Quality in Milling Operations
Authors: Rex F.M.T. , Palani S. , Gopi P.
Published: July 2023

Fixture layout design (FLD) determines the specific position of locators and clamps to position and support the workpiece with respect to a machine tool. The FLD approaches that use Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are widely used in previous works, and it becomes computationally expensive and specific to a particular problem. Further, the FLD and clamping force optimization were often performed separately, ignoring their interdependence. In the present work, to maximize the dimensional and form quality of the part, the reaction forces of the locators are made uniformly distributed by suitably varying the fixture layout and clamping force. The parametric rigid body model is used to depict the behaviour of the workpiece-fixture system, and it is incorporated with the genetic algorithm to optimize the design variables. A prismatic workpiece with slot milling operation is considered to validate the proposed methodology. Stability criterion and tool-fixture interference are considered constraints. Subsequently, FEA is used to verify the integrity of the proposed approach. The results infer that the uniformity in distribution of maximum elastic deformation of the workpiece is achieved due to the uniform distribution of reaction forces. Further, the effects of cutting forces on fixture layout and clamping forces are studied.
Study on the Machining of Duplex Stainless Steel and its Microstructure and Surface Roughness
Authors: Janardhan L. , Chandrappa K. , Suresh R.
Published: July 2023

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) is a relatively new material which is replacing Austenitic steels in offshore and paper-pulp industries due to its excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion resistant property. In this investigation, the work piece material that was utilised was DSS 2205. The experiment is carried out using a vertical CNC milling machine that has three axes of movement. Carbide inserts of ISO grade and ISO geometry APMT1135-PA120 are the types of tools that are utilised for milling operations. To assess the surface roughness values (Ra) of the machined samples, a surface roughness tester with the model number SJ-201 from Surf test was utilised. The investigation of machined DSS specimens using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface topography of the machined samples was homogeneously produced with smaller grooves with side flow being seen on the machined surface. According to the outcomes of the experiment that compared cutting speed to roughness, the roughness value decreases proportionally to the increase in cutting speed. The variations of Feed Rate vs. Roughness showed that an increase in the roughness value occurs in conjunction with an increase in the feed rate. The correlation between the depth of cut and the roughness value revealed that the roughness value is directly proportional to the depth of cut.
Assessment of Mechanical Behaviour and Microstructure of Micro Boron Carbide Particles Reinforced Al2011 Alloy Metal Matrix Composite for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Angadi S.B. , Nagaral M. , Pilankar V. , Yarnalkar P. , Purohit B. , Shewale S.
Published: July 2023

Due to the superior qualities nowadays, composite materials are already replacing conventional materials as constituents. The incorporation of micro particles brings about an innovation in the material world. Micro particles also affect manufacturing and mechanical characteristics. In the current study, three different types of samples are fabricated by stir casting method by reinforcing the 0% wt., 2.5% wt. and 5% wt. of boron carbide (B4C) micro particles in aluminium alloy (Al2011) matrix. Finally, mechanical and microstructural properties are evaluated by conducting tensile, compression and hardness tests on fabricated samples. The study revealed that by the addition of 2.5% wt. and 5% wt. of B4C micro particles to Al2011 alloy then on comparing to the pure Al2011 alloy, the mechanical properties of the matrix with the Al2011 particles are improved. Additionally, the findings of the experiments demonstrate that the addition of B4C micro particles reduces the ductility of the composites. Furthermore, micrography analysis by SEM and FEA analysis has been carried out on the developed composites, SEM analysis shows that uniform a distribution of B4C particles in the Al2011 matrix. Also, FEA analysis revealed that there is closeness amongst FEA results and analytical results.