bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
bZIP60 and Bax inhibitor 1 contribute IRE1‐dependent and independent roles to potexvirus infection
Authors: Adhikari Binita , Gayral Mathieu , Herath Venura , Bedsole Caleb Oliver , Kumar Sandeep , Ball Haden , Atallah Osama , Shaw Brian , Pajerowska‐Mukhtar Karolina M. , Verchot Jeanmarie
Published: June 2024

IRE1, BI‐1, and bZIP60 monitor compatible plant–potexvirus interactions though recognition of the viral TGB3 protein. This study was undertaken to elucidate the roles of three IRE1 isoforms, the bZIP60U and bZIP60S, and BI‐1 roles in genetic reprogramming of cells during potexvirus infection.

Experiments were performed using Arabidopsis thaliana knockout lines and Plantago asiatica mosaic virus infectious clone tagged with the green fluorescent protein gene (PlAMV‐GFP).

There were more PlAMV‐GFP infection foci in ire1a/b, ire1c, bzip60, and bi‐1 knockout than wild‐type (WT) plants. Cell‐to‐cell movement and systemic RNA levels were greater bzip60 and bi‐1 than in WT plants. Overall, these data indicate an increased susceptibility to virus infection. Transgenic overexpression of AtIRE1b or StbZIP60 in ire1a/b or bzip60 mutant background reduced virus infection foci, while StbZIP60 expression influences virus movement. Transgenic overexpression of StbZIP60 also confers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resistance following tunicamycin treatment. We also show bZIP60U and TGB3 interact at the ER.

This is the first demonstration of a potato bZIP transcription factor complementing genetic defects in Arabidopsis. Evidence indicates that the three IRE1 isoforms regulate the initial stages of virus replication and gene expression, while bZIP60 and BI‐1 contribute separately to virus cell‐to‐cell and systemic movement.
Domestication of rice may have changed its arbuscular mycorrhizal properties by modifying phosphorus nutrition‐related traits and decreasing symbiotic compatibility
Authors: Li Yingwei , Chen Hanwen , Gu Ling , Wu Jingwen , Zheng Xiutan , Fan Zhilan , Pan Dajian , Li Jin‐tian , Shu Wensheng , Rosendahl Søren , Wang Yutao
Published: June 2024

Modern cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) typically experiences limited growth benefits from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. This could be due to the long‐term domestication of rice under favorable phosphorus conditions. However, there is limited understanding of whether and how the rice domestication has modified AM properties.

This study compared AM properties between a collection of wild (Oryza rufipogon) and domesticated rice genotypes and investigated the mechanisms underlying their differences by analyzing physiological, genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic traits critical for AM symbiosis.

The results revealed significantly lower mycorrhizal growth responses and colonization intensity in domesticated rice compared to wild rice, and this change of AM properties may be associated with the domestication modifications of plant phosphorus utilization efficiency at physiological and genomic levels. Domestication also resulted in a decrease in the activity of the mycorrhizal phosphorus acquisition pathway, which may be attributed to reduced mycorrhizal compatibility of rice roots by enhancing defense responses like root lignification and reducing carbon supply to AM fungi.

In conclusion, rice domestication may have changed its AM properties by modifying P nutrition‐related traits and reducing symbiotic compatibility. This study offers new insights for improving AM properties in future rice breeding programs to enhance sustainable agricultural production.
The subject of literature, the subject of philosophy: Plato, Wittgenstein, and Kierkegaard's reading of Abraham
Authors: Dauber Kenneth
Published: June 2024

Though Plato, famously, had Socrates ban the poets from his republic while Wittgenstein seems to aspire to a style of philosophical writing that approaches the literary, there is a troubling similarity between them in their elision of the self as a self. Saying what he means in the mode of the philosopher or meaning what he says in the mode of the poet, how can the self both be and say itself? The misprision of Abraham's binding of Isaac in the thinking of Kierkegaard, who with Plato was one of Wittgenstein's favourite philosophers, is a telling opening into the question of the self in its responsibilities and its discontents.
Mapping bureaucratic overload: Dynamics and drivers in media coverage across three European countries
Authors: Lenz Alexa , Steinebach Yves , Casula Mattia
Published: June 2024

Bureaucratic overburdening has emerged as an important theme in public policy and administration research. The concept signifies a state where public administrators are overwhelmed with more tasks and responsibilities than they can effectively handle. Researchers attribute this phenomenon to several key factors, such as an increasing assault on the public sector, a growing volume of policies to enforce, and “external” shocks. These studies converge on the perception that the public sector's capacity to effectively implement policies and to address societal problems is progressively diminishing. However, there is a clear knowledge gap regarding the breadth, dynamics, and pervasiveness of this issue, as existing research often narrows its focus on the implementation of specific policies or policy sectors. This paper addresses this research gap by mapping the frequency of bureaucratic overload reports in newspaper articles from Italy, Ireland, and Germany, spanning two decades from 2003 to 2022. In the second step, we describe the drivers of overload that we coded in a random sample of articles. Our research reveals that the overburdening of public administration is indeed an escalating problem resulting from an “explosive” cocktail of external and internal challenges that simultaneously affect public authorities.
Correlation of non‐invasive psycho‐physiological and skin‐physiological measures
Authors: Schürer Nanna Y. , Symanzik Cara , Kukshausen Olga , Stürmer Ralf
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Psychological stress alters epidermal barrier function. While intensive studies on the underlying mechanism have been performed in mice, human studies are limited. Non‐invasive skin‐physiology measures have not yet been directly linked to non‐invasive psycho‐physiological assessments.

Methods

Standard measures of (I) transepidermal water loss prior to and after experimental barrier perturbation via tape stripping, (II) skin surface pH, (III) electrodermal activity, and (IV) heart rate function were taken over a 24 h time period. To document perceived stress, a standardized stress self‐assessment questionnaire, namely the Trierer Inventar zum chronischen Stress (TICS), was utilized.

Results

Twenty healthy, Caucasian (Fitzpatrick skin phototype I‐II), female volunteers (21–32 years, mean age 27, SD = 3.67 years) were included in this study (random sample). Significant correlations were shown for 24 h delta transepidermal water loss changes, that is, barrier repair kinetics (sympathetic activity) and heart rate variability (parasympathetic activity). Further correlations were noted for electrodermal activity and skin surface pH. Perceived stress, as documented by the TICS questionnaire, did not correlate with psycho‐ and skin physiological parameters, respectively.

Conclusion

The presented approaches may provide a basis for non‐invasive objective research on the correlation between psychological stressors and epidermal barrier function.
A morphological analysis of calcium hydroxylapatite and poly‐l‐lactic acid biostimulator particles
Authors: McCarthy Alec D. , Hartmann Christian , Durkin Alan , Shahriar Shatil , Khalifian Saami , Xie Jingwei
Published: June 2024

Injectable fillers, pivotal in aesthetic medicine, have evolved significantly with recent trends favoring biostimulators like calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA‐CMC; Radiesse, Merz Aesthetics, Raleigh, NC) and poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA; Sculptra Aesthetics, Galderma, Dallas, TX). This study aims to compare the particle morphology of these two injectables and examine its potential clinical implications. Utilizing advanced light and scanning electron microscopy techniques, the physical characteristics of CaHA‐CMC and PLLA particles were analyzed, including shape, size, circularity, roundness, aspect ratio, and quantity of phagocytosable particles. The findings reveal several morphological contrasts: CaHA‐CMC particles exhibited a smooth, homogenous, spherical morphology with diameters predominantly ranging between 20 and 45 µm, while PLLA particles varied considerably in shape and size, appearing as micro flakes ranging from 2 to 150 µm in major axis length. The circularity and roundness of CaHA‐CMC particles were significantly higher compared to PLLA, indicating a more uniform shape. Aspect ratio analysis further underscored these differences, with CaHA‐CMC particles showing a closer resemblance to circles, unlike the more oblong PLLA particles. Quantification of the phagocytosable content of both injectables revealed a higher percentage of phagocytosable particles in PLLA. These morphological distinctions may influence the tissue response to each treatment. CaHA‐CMC's uniform, spherical particles may result in reduced inflammatory cell recruitment, whereas PLLA's heterogeneous particle morphology may evoke a more pronounced inflammatory response.
Associations between transfusion reactions and thromboembolism development in blood‐transfused patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Yu , Yin Chun‐Hao , Ou Shih‐Hsiang , Hsieh Ming‐Yun , Chen Yao‐Shen , Chen Jin‐Shuen
Published: June 2024

Background

Blood transfusion (BT) may be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism. The associations between transfusion reactions (TRs) during BTs and potential risk factors for the development of thromboembolism in patients underwent blood transfusion have not been analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to compare risk factors associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or pulmonary embolism (PE) between patients underwent blood transfusion with and without TRs.

Study Designs and Methods

The retrospective study was conducted between April 1, 2017, and March 31, 2020, at a medical center in Taiwan. Blood‐transfused patients were grouped into two cohorts as follows: those who experienced TRs and those who did not experience TRs. Both cohorts were subjected to follow‐up until March 31, 2021. The endpoints for both groups were the occurrence of VTE or PE or the date of March 31, 2021. To investigate between‐cohort risk differences, a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multiple Cox proportional hazard model was used.

Results

A total of 10,759 patients underwent 59,385 transfusion procedures, with 703 patients in the TR group, and 10,056 patients in the non‐TR group. The risk of VTE or PE was twice as high in the TR group than in the non‐TR group (adjusted hazard ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval 1.49–4.29, p = .001). Meanwhile, age, female sex, transfusion frequency increment, and being nondiabetic was associated with an increased risk of developing thromboembolism.

Conclusion

TRs are associated with increased long‐term thromboembolism risk in patients underwent blood transfusion. It is imperative for clinicians to acknowledge this and maintain rigorous follow‐up.
Knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of evidence‐based practice among nurses in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Adombire Stephen , Baiden Deborah , Puts Martine , Puchalski Ritchie Lisa M. , Ani‐Amponsah Mary , Cranley Lisa
Published: June 2024

Background

Over the past three decades, research studies on nurses' engagement in evidence‐based practice (EBP) have been widely reported, particularly in high‐income countries, with studies from these countries dominating literature reviews. As low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) continue to join the EBP movement, primary research has emerged over the past decade about nurses' engagement with EBP.

Aims

The aim of this scoping review was to identify the types and extent of published research regarding nurses' knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of EBP in LMICs.

Methods

The JBI scoping review methodology was used. Eight databases were searched up to November 2023. The review included primary studies (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) that reported the knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, or implementation of EBP among nurses in LMICs. Included studies focused on registered nurses in all healthcare settings within LMICs. Studies published in English were included with no limit on publication date. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full‐text articles of published studies. Data were analyzed quantitatively using frequencies and counts. Textual data from qualitative studies were analyzed using descriptive content analysis.

Results

Fifty‐three publications were included, involving 20 LMICs. Studies were published between 2007 and 2023, with over 60% published in the past 7 years. Studies that evaluated familiarity/awareness of EBP showed that in general, nurses had low familiarity with or awareness of EBP. Most studies (60%) described nurses' attitudes toward EBP as positive, favorable, or high, and 31% as moderate. However, over 60% of studies described nurses' EBP knowledge/skills as moderate, low, or insufficient. Approximately 84% of studies described EBP implementation in healthcare settings as moderate, low, poor, or suboptimal.

Linking Evidence to Action

Studies on nursing EBP have been increasing in LMICs for the past two decades, with findings highlighting opportunities for advancing EBP in nursing within LMICs. Health systems and healthcare organization leaders in LMICs should equip nurses with EBP knowledge and skills while providing the needed resources and support to ensure consistent implementation of EBP to improve health outcomes.
A Machine Learning Approach toward Cyber-Physical Security of Battery Systems
Authors: Srinath Srikanth , Dey Satadru
Published: June 2024

Modern battery systems exhibit a cyber-physical nature due to the extensive use of communication technologies in battery management. This makes modern cyber-physical battery systems vulnerable to cyber threats where an adversary can manipulate sensing and actuation signals to satisfy certain malicious objectives. In this work, we present a machine learning-based approach to enable resilience to adversarial attacks by detecting and estimating the attack and subsequently taking corrective action to mitigate the attack. In particular, we focus on false data injection type attacks on battery systems. The overall diagnostic algorithm consists of an adaptive boosting-based attack detector, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network-based attack estimator, and a corrective controller. The proposed algorithm is trained and tested by utilizing data from a complex battery electrochemical battery simulator. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the approach.
A Dynamic Discrete Model of Ventilated Concrete Floor Integrated With Solar Air Collector Under the Effect of Uneven Direct Solar Radiation
Authors: Luo Xiujing , Yu Tao , Liu Xicheng , Lei Bo , Zheng Jiacheng
Published: June 2024

A system combining the ventilated concrete floor (VCF) with solar air collector (SAC) in buildings has been applied in the western Sichuan Plateau for nighttime heating. However, the dynamic model coupled with uneven solar radiation of SAC-VCF is absent, thus the thermal behavior of the system is difficult to predict in practice. In this research, a coupled model is built to predict the thermal characteristics of the room with the SAC-VCF system under uneven solar radiation. The calculation model of VCF considers the uneven distribution of solar radiation on the floor surface, established by combining the resistance–capacitance (RC) network model and the number of transfer unit (NTU) model using the discrete method and validated by experimental data. A 3R2C model is utilized to model envelopes, validated by simulation results. The calculation error of surface temperature and room air temperature is within 5%. Then a case study is conducted with the validated model to predict the thermal performance of the SAC-VCF system with even and uneven solar radiation. Results indicate that under uneven solar radiation, the local surface temperature significantly increases to 35.1 °C, 9.1 °C higher than even solar radiation. Meanwhile, under uneven solar radiation, the heat transfer of supply air and surface of VCF is increased by 14% and 6%, respectively. Besides, the room air temperature is almost equal of two cases, while the operative temperature is 0.4 °C lower under uneven solar radiation. The model is beneficial to further study the influencing factors of this system.
Precise and practical 3D topography simulation of high aspect ratio contact hole etch by using model optimization algorithm
Authors: Nishizuka Tetsuya , Igosawa Ryo , Yokoyama Takahiro , Sako Kaoru , Moki Hironori , Honda Masanobu
Published: June 2024

High Aspect Ratio Contact (HARC) hole etch is one of the most challenging processes that require many efforts to optimize etch condition. As the aspect ratio increases, novel issues, such as “distortion” and “twisting,” have been highlighted. Since they cause nonaxisymmetric features along the hole axis, it is difficult to understand the etch mechanism correctly, and therefore, taking a 3D profile image is essential to evaluate the exact etch profile. In this study, we created the models for HARC etch with a cell-based Particle Monte Carlo topography simulator by fitting both vertical and horizontal cross-sectional profiles carefully to the experimental results. Moreover, we attempted to apply a model optimization algorithm. By collaboration of human and the algorithm, modeling engineers can minimize a try-and-error approach, and a precise 3D simulation model can be created much faster than before. As a result, the distortion and twisting profiles were reproduced very well on the simulator, and thus, it is expected that the simulator can be utilized as a practical tool for an assistance of process optimization.
Supplemental Material: Revised geologic map and structural interpretation of the Mineral King pendant, southern Sierra Nevada, California: Evidence for kilometer-scale folding and structural imbrication of a Permian to mid-Cretaceous volcanosedimentary assemblage
Authors: Greene David C. , al. et
Published: June 2024

Includes analytical methodology and plots used for interpretation of ages
Supplemental Material: Reconstructing paleoenvironments of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA, using paired triple oxygen and carbonate clumped isotope measurements
Authors: Wostbrock Jordan A.G. , al. et
Published: June 2024

Supplemental figures and discussion.
Treatment exit options for non-infectious uveitis registry: participant characteristics at 3 years
Authors: Fink David Julian , Dell Jennifer , Heinz Carsten , Wintergerst Maximilian W M , Höller Tobias , Berger Moritz , Schmid Matthias , Boden Karl Thomas , Pleyer Uwe , Reitsamer Herbert , Deuter Christoph M E , Lohmann Tibor K , Finger Robert P
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The Treatment exit Options For non-infectious Uveitis (TOFU) registry documents disease courses for non-anterior non-infectious uveitis entities with and without treatment to generate more evidence for clinical management recommendations including treatment exit strategies. In this article, we present the participants’ baseline characteristics after the first 3 years.

Methods

TOFU is an observational, prospective registry and recruits patients ≥18 years of age with non-anterior non-infectious uveitis with or without a history of previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) treatment. The data are collected in the electronic data capture software REDCap and include ophthalmological and general medical history as well as clinical findings.

Results

Between 24.10.2019 and 27.12.2022, 628 patients were enrolled at 25 clinical sites in Germany and Austria. Patients with intermediate uveitis were most frequently included (n=252; 40.1%) followed by posterior uveitis (181; 28.8%), panuveitis (n=154; 24.5%) and retinal vasculitis (n=41, 6.5%). At baseline, 39.6% were treated with systemic corticosteroids, 22.3% with conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs, 20.5% with biological (b) DMARDs and 3.6% with other systemic treatments. Average best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.69 decimal. Patients with panuveitis had the worst BCVA with 0.63 decimal. Overall, only 8 patients (1.3%) suffered from severe visual impairment.

Conclusions

Less than half of participants required DMARD treatment at baseline, with csDMARDs used more frequently than bDMARDs. The presence of severe visual impairment was low, mostly affecting patients with panuveitis. These findings are in line with comparable monocentric cross-sectional studies of tertiary uveitis centres in Germany and will allow us to generate generalisable evidence in TOFU.
Clinical decision aids and computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Kang-Ling , Taggart Caelan , McDermott Michael , O'Brien Rachel , Oatey Katherine , Keating Liza , Storey Robert F , Felmeden Dirk , Curzen Nick , Kardos Attila , Roobottom Carl , Smith Jason , Goodacre Steve , Newby David E , Gray Alasdair J
Published: June 2024

Background

The HEART score, the T-MACS model and the GRACE score support early decision-making for acute chest pain, which could be complemented by CT coronary angiography (CTCA). However, their performance has not been directly compared.

Methods

In this secondary analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial of early CTCA in intermediate-risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, C-statistics and performance metrics (using the predefined cut-offs) of clinical decision aids and CTCA, alone and then in combination, for the index hospital diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and for 30-day coronary revascularisation were assessed in those who underwent CTCA and had complete data.

Results

Among 699 patients, 358 (51%) had an index hospital diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, for which the C-statistic was higher for CTCA (0.80), followed by the T-MACS model (0.78), the HEART score (0.74) and the GRACE score (0.60). The negative predictive value was higher for the absence of coronary artery disease on CTCA (0.90) or a T-MACS estimate of <0.05 (0.83) than a HEART score of <4 (0.81) and a GRACE score of <109 (0.55). For 30-day coronary revascularisation, CTCA had the greatest C-statistic (0.80) with a negative predictive value of 0.96 and 0.92 in the absence of coronary artery disease and obstructive coronary artery disease, respectively. The combination of the T-MACS estimates and the CTCA findings was most discriminative for the index hospital diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (C-statistic, 0.88) and predictive of 30-day coronary revascularisation (C-statistic, 0.85). No patients with a T-MACS estimate of <0.05 and normal coronary arteries had acute coronary syndrome during index hospitalisation or underwent coronary revascularisation within 30 days.

Conclusions

In intermediate-risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, the T-MACS model combined with CTCA improved discrimination of the index hospital diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and prediction of 30-day coronary revascularisation.

Trial registration number

NCT02284191
.
PARP-1 selectively impairsKRAS-driven phenotypic and molecular features in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Keggenhoff Friederike L , Castven Darko , Becker Diana , Stojkovic Stojan , Castven Jovana , Zimpel Carolin , Straub Beate K , Gerber Tiemo , Langer Harald , Hähnel Patricia , Kindler Thomas , Fahrer Jörg , O'Rourke Colm J , Ehmer Ursula , Saborowski Anna , Ma Lichun , Wang Xin Wei , Gaiser Timo , Matter Matthias S , Sina Christian , Derer Stefanie , Lee Ju-Seog , Roessler Stephanie , Kaina Bernd , Andersen Jesper B , Galle Peter R , Marquardt Jens U
Published: June 2024

Objective

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer with limited therapeutic options.KRASmutations are among the most abundant genetic alterations in iCCA associated with poor clinical outcome and treatment response. Recent findings indicate that Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase1 (PARP-1) is implicated inKRAS-driven cancers, but its exact role in cholangiocarcinogenesis remains undefined.

Design

PARP-1inhibition was performed in patient-derived and established iCCA cells using RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 and pharmacological inhibition inKRAS-mutant, non-mutant cells. In addition,Parp-1knockout mice were combined with iCCA induction by hydrodynamic tail vein injection to evaluate an impact on phenotypic and molecular features ofKras-driven andKras-wildtype iCCA. Clinical implications were confirmed in authentic human iCCA.

Results

PARP-1 was significantly enhanced inKRAS-mutant human iCCA. PARP-1-based interventions preferentially impaired cell viability and tumourigenicity in humanKRAS-mutant cell lines. Consistently, loss ofParp-1provoked distinct phenotype inKras/Tp53-induced versusAkt/Nicd-induced iCCA and abolishedKras-dependent cholangiocarcinogenesis. Transcriptome analyses confirmed preferential impairment of DNA damage response pathways and replicative stress response mediated by CHK1. Consistently, inhibition of CHK1 effectively reversed PARP-1 mediated effects. Finally,Parp-1depletion induced molecular switch ofKRAS-mutant iCCA recapitulating good prognostic human iCCA patients.

Conclusion

Our findings identify the novel prognostic and therapeutic role ofPARP-1in iCCA patients with activation of oncogenicKRASsignalling.
Association of childhood food consumption and dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolomics in late adolescence: prospective evidence from ‘Children of 1997’ birth cohort
Authors: He Baoting , Lam Hugh Simon , Sun Yangbo , Kwok Man Ki , Leung Gabriel M , Schooling C Mary , Au Yeung Shiu Lun
Published: June 2024

Background

Healthy diet might protect against cardiometabolic diseases, but uncertainty exists about its definition and role in adolescence.

Method

In a subset of Hong Kong’s ‘Children of 1997’ birth cohort (n=2844 out of 8327), we prospectively examined sex-specific associations of food consumption and dietary pattern, proxied by the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) at~12.0 years, with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolomics at~17.6 years.

Result

Higher vegetable (−0.04 SD, 95% CIs: −0.09 to 0.00) and soy consumption (−0.05 SD, 95% CI: −0.09 to −0.01) were associated with lower waist-to-hip ratio. Higher fruit and vegetable consumption were associated with lower fasting glucose (p<0.05). Higher fish consumption was associated with 0.06 SD (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and −0.07 SD (95% CI: −0.11 to −0.02) triglycerides. After correcting for multiple comparisons (p<0.001), higher fish, fruit and vegetable consumption were associated with higher fatty acid unsaturation, higher concentration and percentage of omega-3 and a lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3. At nominal significance (p<0.05), higher fish consumption was associated with lower very-low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides relevant metabolomics. Higher vegetable and fruit consumption were associated with lower glycolysis-related metabolomics. Lower sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption was associated with lower branched-chain amino acids. Similar associations with adiposity and metabolomics biomarkers were observed for GDQS.

Conclusions

Higher consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish and lower ice cream and SSBs consumption were associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.
Application of Particle Swarm Optimisation in Multi-Objective Cost Optimisation of Engineering Enterprises under the Background of Digital Economy
Authors: Song Lin
Published: June 2024

Engineering projects must meet quality and schedule requirements during construction. This is a typical multi-objective problem and a difficult point in the management of engineering enterprises. To address these issues, a research study proposes an intelligent multi-objective optimisation technique. First, analyse the optimisation objectives of the enterprise in the context of digitalisation. Then, construct a multi-objective cost optimisation model for engineering enterprises. Second, the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation (MOPSO) algorithm is introduced to solve multi- objective problems. To improve the multi-objective optimisation effect of the model, the inertia weight parameters and particle learning behaviour are optimised and adjusted, as the model is prone to getting stuck in local optima. In the performance test of the algorithm model, the optimised MOPSO model can accurately search for the minimum value of 0 at the position (0, 0) under the Rastrig in function, and at the same time, the number of iteration convergence is the least. The GA, ACOM, and traditional MOPSO models have more iterative convergence times, and the optimisation results are 0.10, 0.15, and 0.14, respectively. It can be seen that the performance of the optimised MOPSO model is better. In the specific example analysis, using the optimised MOPSO solution, the project cost was reduced from 31 million yuan in the contract to 30.52 million yuan, and the construction period was shortened from 588 days to 540 days, and met the environmental protection and quality requirements. The research content can provide important decision support for engineering project managers.
SAT Modulo Symmetries for Graph Generation and Enumeration
Authors: Kirchweger Markus , Szeider Stefan
Published: June 2024

We propose a novel SAT-based approach to graph generation. Our approach utilizes the interaction between a CDCL SAT solver and a special symmetry propagator where the SAT solver runs on an encoding of the desired graph property. The symmetry propagator checks partially generated graphs for minimality with respect to a lexicographic ordering during the solving process. This approach has several advantages over a static symmetry breaking: (i) symmetries are detected early in the generation process, (ii) symmetry breaking is seamlessly integrated into the CDCL procedure, and (iii) the propagator performs a complete symmetry breaking without causing a prohibitively large initial encoding. We instantiate our approach by generating extremal graphs with certain restrictions in terms of forbidden subgraphs and diameter. In particular, we could confirm the Murty–Simon Conjecture (1979) on diameter-2-critical graphs for graphs up to 19 vertices and prove the exact number of Ramsey graphs

\(\mathcal{R}(3,5,n)\)

and

\(\mathcal{R}(4,4,n)\)

.
TriMLP
: A Foundational MLP-Like Architecture for Sequential Recommendation
Authors: Jiang Yiheng , Xu Yuanbo , Yang Yongjian , Yang Funing , Wang Pengyang , Li Chaozhuo , Zhuang Fuzhen , Xiong Hui
Published: June 2024

In this work, we present
TriMLP
as a foundational MLP-like architecture for the sequential recommendation, simultaneously achieving computational efficiency and promising performance. First, we empirically study the incompatibility between existing purely MLP-based models and sequential recommendation, that the inherent fully-connective structure endows historical user–item interactions (referred as tokens) with unrestricted communications and overlooks the essential chronological order in sequences. Then, we propose the MLP-based
Triangular Mixer
to establish ordered contact among tokens and excavate the primary sequential modeling capability under the standard auto-regressive training fashion. It contains (1) a global mixing layer that drops the lower-triangle neurons in MLP to block the anti-chronological connections from future tokens and (2) a local mixing layer that further disables specific upper-triangle neurons to split the sequence as multiple independent sessions. The mixer serially alternates these two layers to support fine-grained preferences modeling, where the global one focuses on the long-range dependency in the whole sequence, and the local one calls for the short-term patterns in sessions. Experimental results on 12 datasets of different scales from 4 benchmarks elucidate that
TriMLP
consistently attains favorable accuracy/efficiency tradeoff over all validated datasets, where the average performance boost against several state-of-the-art baselines achieves up to 14.88%, and the maximum reduction of inference time reaches 23.73%. The intriguing properties render
TriMLP
a strong contender to the well-established RNN-, CNN-, and Transformer-based sequential recommenders. Code is available at
https://github.com/jiangyiheng1/TriMLP
.
Mustang: Improving QoE for Real-Time Video in Cellular Networks by Masking Jitter
Authors: Yu Encheng , Zhou Jianer , Li Zhenyu , Tyson Gareth , Li Weichao , Zhang Xinyi , Xu Zhiwei , Xie Gaogang
Published: June 2024

The advent of 5G and interactive live broadcasting has led to a growing trend of people preferring real-time interactive video services on mobile devices, particularly mobile phones. In this work, we measure the performance of Google congestion control (GCC) in cellular networks, which is the default congestion control algorithm for Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC). Our measurements show that GCC sometimes makes bitrate decisions which are harmful to quality of experience (QoE) in cellular networks with high jitter. We further find that the frame delivery time (FDT) in the player can mitigate network jitter and maintain QoE. Moreover, the receiving rate is better to reflect the network congestion than RTT in cellular networks. Based on these measurements and findings, we propose Mustang, an algorithm designed to overcome the jitter in cellular networks. Mustang makes use of the FDT and receiving rate as feedback information to the sender. Then the sender adjusts its sending rate based on the information to guarantee QoE. We have implemented Mustang in WebRTC and evaluated it in both emulated and real cellular networks. The experimental results show that Mustang can improve WebRTC’s QoS and QoE performance. For QoS, Mustang increases the sending rate by 72.1% and has similar RTT and packet loss when compared with GCC, while it is about 30% better for QoE.
Microhomology-Mediated End-Joining Chronicles: Tracing the Evolutionary Footprints of Genome Protection
Authors: Sfeir Agnel , Tijsterman Marcel , McVey Mitch
Published: June 2024

The fidelity of genetic information is essential for cellular function and viability. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a significant threat to genome integrity, necessitating efficient repair mechanisms. While the predominant repair strategies are usually accurate, paradoxically, error-prone pathways also exist. This review explores recent advances and our understanding of microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), an intrinsically mutagenic DSB repair pathway conserved across organisms. Central to MMEJ is the activity of DNA polymerase theta (Polθ), a specialized polymerase that fuels MMEJ mutagenicity. We examine the molecular intricacies underlying MMEJ activity and discuss its function during mitosis, where the activity of Polθ emerges as a last-ditch effort to resolve persistent DSBs, especially when homologous recombination is compromised. We explore the promising therapeutic applications of targeting Polθ in cancer treatment and genome editing. Lastly, we discuss the evolutionary consequences of MMEJ, highlighting its delicate balance between protecting genome integrity and driving genomic diversity.
Application of Pulsed Electric Field‐Ultrasound Technique for Antioxidant Extraction from Yarrow: ANFIS Modeling and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Razghandi Elaheh , Elhami Rad Amir Hossein , Jafari Seid Mahdi , Saiedi Asl Mohammad Reza , Bakhshabadi Hamid
Published: June 2024

Oxidation reactions negatively impact the taste and shelf life of the oils. Antioxidants are commonly employed to mitigate the development of off‐flavors and rancidity and thereby extend the shelf life of oil. In response to consumers’ increasing demand for healthy foods, there is a notable focus on incorporating naturally sourced antioxidants. Yarrow plant is a good source of natural antioxidants which could be used in improving the quality of the oils. Therefore, in this study, adaptive ANFIS was employed to investigate the extraction of antioxidant compounds from the yarrow plant using the pulsed electric field‐ultrasound method. The extraction process was performed at varying pulsed electric field intensities (0.25, 3.25, and 6.25 kV/cm) and different ultrasound durations (20, 40, and 60 minutes). Then, the impact of incorporating the plant extract on the oxidation parameters of sesame oil was assessed during storage. Results demonstrated that the extraction efficiency consistently increased with rising pulsed electric field intensity and ultrasound treatment time. However, the levels of total phenol, DPPH, and ascorbic acid content initially increased and then decreased at higher pulsed electric field intensity during longer ultrasound treatment. Furthermore, an increase in acidity and thiobarbituric acid index was found during prolonged storage time, while the peroxide level in the samples peaked on the 5th day of storage before declining. The high correlation coefficients between experimental results and model outputs underscored the models’ accuracy, representing their efficacy in controlling the extraction conditions using the pulsed electric field intensity‐ultrasound extraction method and utilizing the extract in sesame oil.
Residents’ Knowledge regarding Recreational Drug Screening Immunoassays at a Swiss Hospital Group
Authors: Bekka Elias , Christen Samuel E. , Hermann Laura , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Haschke Manuel , Liakoni Evangelia
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In case of suspected acute recreational drug toxicity, immunoassays are commonly used as diagnostic tools. Although easy to handle, understanding of their limitations is necessary for a correct interpretation of the results. The aim of this project was to investigate residents’ knowledge regarding drug screening immunoassays at a Swiss hospital group. Methods. All residents of a large hospital group in Switzerland were invited by e‐mail to participate in an anonymous survey. Following ten multiple choice questions on drug screening tests, the participants were also asked about their demographics, whether they used drug screening tests on a regular basis, and how confident they felt in their ability to interpret test results. Results. The ten knowledge questions were answered by 110 of the 1026 residents (11%). Among the 108 participants with available demographics, 90% were 25–35 years old, 63% were female, and 70% were at least in their 4th year of residency. The median score of correct answers was 4 out of 10 (range 0–7) and in 50% of the questions, the correct answer was the most frequently selected response. No significant differences in the knowledge scores were found based on the training, confidence level, or the frequency of drug tests used in daily work. Conclusion. This survey revealed widespread knowledge gaps among residents regarding the interpretation of immunoassay‐based drug test results. These findings can be used to implement educational measures on this topic and might provide a basis for targeted information on common pitfalls to be included in laboratory reports.
Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Self‐Applied Acute Stress Scale (EASE) for Healthcare Providers
Authors: Şimşek Çağlar , Mercan Baspinar Melike
Published: June 2024

Background. Acute stress induced by a sudden burden of emergency conditions and traumatic events, such as wars, earthquakes, situations requiring isolation, pandemics, and disasters, can have pathological consequences on healthcare providers (HCPs) if not diagnosed early. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to culturally validate the self‐administered Acute Stress Scale (EASE) in the Turkish context. Method. The study consisted of 127 HCPs working with COVID‐19 patients in services and clinics during the pandemic. The individual information form and EASE were used for data collection. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure of the EASE. Results. All the statistical procedures showed that the Turkish version of the EASE scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish culture. The content validity index (CVI = 0.84), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.912), and model fit indices (χ2/df = 1.826, RMSEA = 0.083, CFI = 0.947, NFI = 0.893, GFI = 0.905) explained two‐factor structure. Conclusion. Institutional approaches are necessary to support the psychological needs of HCPs. The Turkish version of the EASE scale demonstrated adequate reliability and validity properties. The scale could provide appropriate support during the early stages of acute stress among HCPs related to needs during isolation conditions or unexpected emergencies such as recent pandemics and epidemics in the future.
Abstract A001: KIF18A inhibition, via ATX020, leads to mitotic arrest and robust anti-tumor activity through a synthetic lethal interaction with chromosome instability
Authors: Lynes* Maureen S. , Ghisolfi† Laura , Khan Sanjoy , Hotz Taylor , Sparling Brian A. , Zablocki Mary-Margaret , Gotur Deepali , Boriack-Sjodin P. Ann , Duncan Kenneth W. , Blakemore Stephen J. , Silver Serena J. , Copeland Robert A
Published: June 2024

This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR001) of the Conference Program/Proceedings.

Citation Format: Maureen S. Lynes, Laura Ghisolfi, Sanjoy Khan, Taylor Hotz, Brian A. Sparling, Mary-Margaret Zablocki, Deepali Gotur, P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin, Kenneth W. Duncan, Stephen J. Blakemore, Serena J. Silver, Robert A Copeland. KIF18A inhibition, via ATX020, leads to mitotic arrest and robust anti-tumor activity through a synthetic lethal interaction with chromosome instability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Expanding and Translating Cancer Synthetic Vulnerabilities; 2024 Jun 10-13; Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A001.
Abstract A005: A live cell PRMT5 NanoBRET™ target engagement assay querying competitive and uncompetitive modes of inhibition
Authors: Teske Kelly A. , Michaud Ani , Rothweiler Elisabeth , Corona Cesear , Hoffman Kaitlin Dunn , Wilkinson Jennifer , Beck Michael , Vasta James , Huber Kilian , Robers Matthew
Published: June 2024

PRMT5 is an essential arginine methyltransferase that regulates a wide spectrum of cellular processes through the methylation of histone and non-histone substrates. In PRMT5 catalysis, SAM serves as the cofactor and methyl group donor, generating a methylated guanidinium moiety on the target substrate. In normal cells, the SAM pools are maintained through the methionine salvage pathway. In 15% of cancers, a key enzyme in this pathway (MTAP) is deleted, leading to an accumulation of the intermediate MTA, which inhibits PRMT5 activity. This genetic loss of function has therefore been pursued as a collateral vulnerability in MTAP deleted cancers. To exploit this synthetic lethality, a number of novel inhibitors (such as MRTX1719) have been developed that bind cooperatively at the PRMT5/MTA complex, offering a compelling pathway to precision medicine. Here we describe a novel, live cell NanoBRET™ Target Engagement assay that enables mechanistic studies on a variety of PRMT5 inhibitors. Using a cell-permeable NanoBRET probe directed to the substrate pocket of PRMT5, both substrate- and cofactor-competitive engagement can be quantified in cells. Moreover, this method can be used to quantify MTA-uncompetitive target engagement in cells, providing a platform to measure the potency of PRMT5-MTA-drug ternary complex formation. This method serves as a first-in-class method to quantify uncompetitive target engagement in live cells, which can be applied to other model systems.

Citation Format: Kelly A. Teske, Ani Michaud, Elisabeth Rothweiler, Cesear Corona, Kaitlin Dunn Hoffman, Jennifer Wilkinson, Michael Beck, James Vasta, Kilian Huber, Matthew Robers. A live cell PRMT5 NanoBRET™ target engagement assay querying competitive and uncompetitive modes of inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Expanding and Translating Cancer Synthetic Vulnerabilities; 2024 Jun 10-13; Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A005.
Abstract A011: Enhancing chaperone-mediated autophagy to impede glioblastoma growth
Authors: Tang Wanjun , Yee Kiang Karrie Mei , Kit Leung Gilberto Ka
Published: June 2024

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of autophagy that targets proteins with the KFERQ-like motif for lysosomal degradation. This process involves the binding of substrate proteins to the chaperone HSC70 and their subsequent transport to the receptor LAMP2A on the lysosome membrane for degradation. Previous studies have shown a significant increase in the expression level of LAMP2A and the CMA activity in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the comprehensive role of CMA in GBM pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we observed a progressive elevation in LAMP2A expression with increasing GBM cell confluence. Notably, inhibition of CMA through LAMP2A knockdown markedly promoted GBM growth in orthotopic mouse models, accompanied by upregulation of positive cell cycle regulators. Conversely, overexpression of LAMP2A delayed GBM cell growth and increased sub-G1 cell percentages. Treatment with CMA activators induced cell death in GBM cells while preserving normal astrocyte viability at equivalent concentrations. Our results suggest that the upregulated expression of LAMP2A in GBM cells may be influenced by the tumor microenvironment rather than being a primary driver of GBM aggressiveness. Furthermore, activating CMA could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit GBM growth while safeguarding normal cell viability.

Citation Format: Wanjun Tang, Karrie Mei Yee Kiang, Gilberto Ka Kit Leung. Enhancing chaperone-mediated autophagy to impede glioblastoma growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Expanding and Translating Cancer Synthetic Vulnerabilities; 2024 Jun 10-13; Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A011.