bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Availability of Medical Laboratory Technology Experts (ATLM) Based on the Minimum Energy Standard of Permenkes No. 43 of 2019 in Indonesia Year 2023
Authors: Rosmalinda  , Dumilah Ayuningtyas
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Medical Laboratory Technology Experts (ATLM) as one type of health worker, are authorized to organize or practice in the health sector according to their expertise. The ideal ratio of Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) to districts is at least 1 Puskesmas per sub-district, and the minimum staffing standard based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 43 of 2019 for ATLM personnel in Puskesmas is 1 (one), both in Urban, Rural, Remote, and Very Remote Puskesmas.
Method: The purpose of this study is to analyze the suitability of ATLM personnel with minimum staffing standards based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 43 of 2019 in Indonesia. The qualitative research method describes the availability of ATLM personnel at the district/city/provincial level in Indonesia, using secondary data from the Ministry of Health's Health Human Resources Information System (SISDMK) for 2022.
Result: The results showed that there is still a shortage of medical laboratory technologists in Puskesmas at the district/city/provincial level in Indonesia, with 1,486 Puskesmas experiencing a shortage out of a total of 10,436 Puskesmas in Indonesia.
The Effect of Providing Brochure Media, Educational Video, and Power point on Knowledge Food Processing Sanitation Hygiene (Studi on Roadside Traders in East Telukjambe District, Karawang)
Authors: Latifah Wardayanto  , Ratih Kurniasari
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Fulfillment of nutrients to obtain energy to support life and daily activities can be done through food consumption. Food should have a good impact on the body because the nutritional content can be dangerous if it is contaminated with harmful substances, one of which is snack food. To increase understanding of sanitary hygiene  in food processing among traders, promotive efforts are therefore made through increasing knowledge in educational activities
Objective: This research aims to determine the effect of providing educational media, namely Brochures, Educational Videos, Powerpoint regarding knowledge and practices of food hygiene  and sanitation to traders in Teluk Jambe Timur Karawang District.
Method: The method used in this paper is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test group design. The total sample of respondents in this study was 45 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling including three groups with educational treatment using brochure media, educational video media, and Powerpoint media. Statistical test data analysis was carried out with the Wilcoxon.
Result: The results of the Wilcoxon  test showed differences in knowledge regarding food processing hygiene  and sanitation before and after education using brochure media (p-value = 0.001), video media (p-value = 0.004) and Powerpoint media (p-value = 0.001).
Conclusion: The three media education, video media gave higher results compared to the other two media on the effect of increasing knowledge about food processing hygiene  and sanitation.
Analysis of Determinants Associated with the Activeness of Posyandu Cadres in the Working Area of the Tarus Health Center, Kupang Tengah Sub-District, Kupang District
Authors: Viana Carmen , Ribka Limbu  , Marni Marni
Published: July 2024

Background: The activeness of cadres is very important in Posyandu activities because if cadres are not active then the provision of health services and Posyandu activity programs cannot run well, so cadre coaching is needed by health workers to increase the active role of cadres in the implementation of Posyandu activities.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the determinants associated with the activeness of Posyandu cadres in the working area of Puskesmas Tarus, Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency in 2024.
Methods: This type of research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional research design. The sample in this study were 71 people. Sampling in this study using simple random sampling technique with a level of significance ? = 0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the variables of knowledge (p=0.000), attitude (0.002) and training 0.002 with the activeness of Posyandu cadres in the working area of the Tarus Health Center, Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency.
Conclusion: It is expected that health workers at the Tarus Health Center should always maintain the implementation of cadre training by providing counseling on the importance of activeness of Posyandu cadres so that Posyandu activities can run well, and it is also expected that Posyandu cadres can increase activeness as a social responsibility in the community.
EVALUACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DE MANEJO ECOLÓGICO DE ANTRACNOSIS DE LA PAPAYA EN CAMPO Y POSCOSECHA
Authors: Monteon-Ojeda Abraham , Hernandez-Castro Elías , Romero-Rosales Teolincacihuatl , Piedragil-Ocampo Betsabe , Lázaro-Dzul Martha Olivia , Azuara-Domínguez Ausencio
Published: July 2024

Background: Mexico is the third producer and the first exporter of papaya in the world. The crop has multiple phytosanitary limitations, among which anthracnose stands out, which can cause substantial production losses. The main management method is with chemical synthesis fungicides. Objective: To evaluate treatments with biorational characteristics to control anthracnose in papaya crops in pre- and post-harvest. Methodology: The causal agent of anthracnose was isolated and identified, the growth inhibitory effect of C. gloeosporioides was evaluated in vitro with extracts of Datura stramonium, Argemone mexicana, Citrus sinensis essential oil and Eucalyptus globulus essential oil; In addition, biorational treatments were applied pre- and post-harvest (botanical extracts, essential oils and Trichoderma harzianum); The incidence and severity were evaluated and the percentage of efficacy was calculated. A randomized complete block design was used and analysis of variances and comparisons of means were performed (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). Results: The E. globulus oil extract reached the highest in vitro growth inhibition levels, followed by the C. sinensis essential oil and the A. mexicana extract; In the field phase, T. harzianum reached 80.7% efficacy and 8% incidence, the essential oil of E. globulus and the essential oil of C. sinensis reached 73 and 66% efficacy, respectively. The effect of the treatments applied in pre-harvest demonstrated that successive applications of T. harzianum reduced severity by 81% and incidence on papaya fruits by 30%, the essential oil of E. globulus and that of C. sinensis achieved efficacy of 64 and 68%, in their order. Finally, in the storage phase, T. harzianum achieved a control efficiency of 89%, C. sinensis oil 84% and 85% for the essential oil of E. globulus, A. mexicana managed to inhibit 76.46%. Implications: Comparison of other biorational management treatments such as the use of essential elements (silicon, sulfur, etc.), nanotechnology, UV irradiation and resistance inducers is suggested. Conclusion: These results support that a successful and biorational control of anthracnose in papaya must be based on comprehensive management that considered the preharvest and storage phases.
CASTE DEVELOPMENT IN HYMENOPTERA, A MOLECULAR VIEW FOR FARMING IMPROVEMENT OF STINGLESS BEES
Authors: Moreno-Cálix D.M. , Guillén-Chable F. , Gallardo Flores M.A. , Cantarero K.J. , Rodríguez-Zapata L.C. , Castano Enrique
Published: July 2024

Background: The evolution and genetic elements for the development of the caste is an enigma in Hymenoptera, as well as the total impact that the genetic elements given in the food of the larvae have on the development of bees. During the last decades, micro RNAs (miRNAs) from nurse bee secretions in larval food have been found to constitute an additional element in the regulatory control of caste determination. Furthermore, social differentiation is a complex developmental process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Objective: To examine and summarize miRNAs as a regulatory component of larval food with an effect on caste development in eusocial hymenoptera. Methodology. The sequences of miRNAs expressed in eusocial bees were obtained from miRBase.org. MUSCLE V.3 enabled alignment and correction was carried out using Fast.Dist. The TreeDyn software was used to obtain the phylogenetic trees. Results: The role of diet and the relationship with microRNAs in caste differentiation and regulation may be part of a general mechanism that involves selective plant genetic information necessary for insect development. Implications: The in vitro cultivation of stingless bees is a practice that is already carried out in some species of commercial importance; However, studies that demonstrate how development, differentiation and regulation of gene expression would be shaping the differentiation of different castes are still gaps that must begin to be addressed. In vitro breeding would require the study of environmental and molecular variables that would modulate the expression of the castes. Conclusion: The biogenesis, regulation and functions of microRNA in Eukarya are still obscure, however, some light has been shed on the molecular basis of caste differentiation in eusocial bees modulated by 2 miRN transfer pathways; endogenous and exogenous.
RESILIENCE AND LESSONS LEARNED IN COLOMBIAN FAMILY FARMING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Núñez-Rodríguez José De Jesús , Zuniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2024

Background: A health crisis exposes people to food vulnerability by restricting the mobilization and commercial exchange of food. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an ample food supply was available to ensure the basic consumption of the population, prompting two questions: What resilient practices did farmers adopt to produce under conditions of high sanitary restriction, and what lessons did they derive to confront future crises? Objective: The article presents and collects the experiences of 59 small family farmers in Colombia in implementing good practices for economic and financial resilience and the lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic, constituting a new source of knowledge to understand human behaviors and actions in the face of adversity and the experiential learnings gained to act in future crisis scenarios. Methodology: To characterize the resilient practices of agricultural producers in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, researchers conducted interviews with 59 smallholder farmers from 12 municipalities. The study encompassed 11 agricultural products and 6 animal products, ultimately identifying three overarching categories: economic resilience, financial resilience, and lessons learned. Main Results: The results indicate strategies for diversification of production, use of local resources, solidarity-based family work, short marketing chains and an economy of scarcity in family spending. Implications: These lessons can inform future policies and practices to better prepare for and respond to similar challenges. Conclusion: The study's findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and small farmers, emphasizing the importance of local resource utilization, community cooperation, and adaptive strategies to enhance resilience and sustain livelihoods during crises. 
MAPAS PARA A PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO DESDE A FILOSOFIA DA DIFERENÇA
Authors: Carvalho Mário de Faria , Da Silva Filho Luis Massilon
Published: July 2024

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo desenvolver algumas reflexões e premissas sobre os olhares da pesquisa em Educação a partir das lentes da Filosofia da Diferença. Cogita-se que a pesquisa em Educação, ao se distanciar do estruturalismo, da relação com dada forma de pensamento metafísico, sugere formas de conhecer que se aproximam do sentido semântico de Ciência ligada ao mundo, à vida e ao cotidiano. Para tanto, construiu-se alguns mapas a partir dos aportes teóricos de autores como Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari e Jacques Derrida, em confluência com os princípios norteadores apresentados por Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-François Lyotard e Walter Benjamin.
Teachers’ Challenges in Modular Learning Modality
Authors: Maribojoc Ryan
Published: July 2024

With careful planning, support, and ongoing professional development, teachers can effectively implement modular learning to meet the diverse needs of their students. Along this line, this study aimed to determine the degree of the teachers’ challenges in modular learning modality (MLM) of two secondary schools in Negros Oriental during the School Year 2021-2022. Data needed for this study was collected from 52 respondents using a self-made 30-item survey questionnaire that has passed the rigorous validity and reliability tests. The study’s findings revealed, among others, a significant difference in the challenges teachers encountered in implementing MLM in module preparation, parental involvement, and performance tasks. This study calls for ample budgetary allocation for material and school equipment in the reproductions of modules to all grade levels, related training, and upskilling to teachers who have potential writers of the module and alternative delivery mode (ADM) within the district. Keywords: Education, teachers’ challenges, modular learning modality
Kendiliğin Gelişimi ve Nörobiyolojisi
Authors: Yerebakan Şanver
Published: July 2024

Kendilik, genetik potansiyeller ile ilişkisel çevre arasındaki etkileşim zemininde ortaya çıkan ve yeni deneyimlerle gelişimini sürdüren dinamik bir ruhsal yapıdır. Yaşamın ilk yılları, kendiliğin ana hatlarının ve nörobiyolojik yapının şekillenmesi ile ilgili kritik dönem olarak kabul edilse de, beynin nöroplastisite özelliğini göz önünde bulundurduğumuzda,
psikobiyolojik dönüşümün yeni deneyimlerle yaşam boyu devam ettiğini söylemek mümkündür.
Bu çalışmada, kendiliğin ve kendilik işlevlerinin nörobiyolojik karşılığı olarak görülebilecek alanların gelişimi ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılmış, kendiliğin gelişimi ile nörobiyolojik yapının gelişimine etki eden faktörler ve aralarındaki ilişki
incelenmiştir. Derleme makale niteliğine sahip olan bu çalışmanın, ruh sağlığı profesyonellerinin mesleki gelişimine
katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Poor Male Students’ Enrolment into Home Economics and Related Programmes in Tertiary Institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Emeka Ebele Cynthia ,   Department of Home Economics Education, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe Anambra State, Nigeria, Okoh Patricia Ayaegbunem ,   Department of Home Economics Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
Published: July 2024

The study looked at the issue of poor male students’ enrollment into Home Economics and related programmes in tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. It adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for this study comprised of all the (regular) undergraduate students in the Home Economics related programmes in the five tertiary institutions in Anambra State. The population is two hundred and six (206) students. Instrument used for the study was a structured 4-point questionnaire. The instrument's validity was ensured through consulting experts in Home Economics and Measurement and Evaluation fields in, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe. The reliability of the instrument was established through a test re-test procedure and correlated to yield a coefficient of 0.81. Data for this study was collected primarily by the researchers. The data were analyzed with arithmetic mean and standard deviation. From the results, it was identified that the causes of poor male student enrollment revolve around societal stereotypes, limited awareness of the subject’s scope, inadequate promotional efforts; among others. Educational outreach and awareness, deconstructing gender stereotypes, parental and community engagement, were suggested as strategies to improve male students enrolment. Based on findings, the researchers recommend a curriculum adjustment and more inclusive educational environment and mindset that will showcase Home Economics as a field suitable for all, regardless of gender.
COVID-19 clinical trials: who is likely to participate and why?
Authors: Fisher Kimberly A , Epstein Mara M , Nguyen Ngoc , Fouayzi Hassan , Crawford Sybil , Linas Benjamin P , Mazor Kathleen M
Published: July 2024

Aim:
To identify factors associated with willingness to participate in a COVID-19 clinical trial and reasons for and against participating.
Materials & methods:
We surveyed Massachusetts (MA, USA) residents online using the Dynata survey platform and via phone using random digit dialing between October and November 2021. Respondents were asked to imagine they were hospitalized with COVID-19 and invited to participate in a treatment trial. We assessed willingness to participate by asking, “Which way are you leaning” and why. We used multivariate logistic regression to model factors associated with leaning toward participation. Open-ended responses were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results:
Of 1071 respondents, 65.6% leaned toward participating. Multivariable analyses revealed college-education (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.27), trust in the healthcare system (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.58) and relying on doctors (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.17) and family or friends (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.54) to make health decisions were significantly associated with leaning toward participating. Respondents with lower health literacy (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.91) and who identify as Black (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.68), Hispanic (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.98), or republican (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.97) were significantly less likely to lean toward participating. Common reasons for participating included helping others, benefitting oneself and deeming the study low risk. Common reasons for leaning against were deeming the study high risk, disliking experimental treatments and not wanting to be a guinea pig.
Conclusion:
Our finding that vulnerable individuals and those with lower levels of trust in the healthcare system are less likely to be receptive to participating in a COVID-19 clinical trial highlights that work is needed to achieve a healthcare system that provides confidence to historically disadvantaged groups that their participation in research will benefit their community.
Anesthetic Considerations for Obese Patients Undergoing Surgeries
Authors: Khalil Belal , Sanyal Koninica , Eshmandi Mohamed , Elfaioumy Ahmed , Mohamed Mohamed , Ashour Amr , Rashwan Amr , Hussein Mohamed
Published: July 2024

The authors will delve into the critical considerations necessary when administering anesthesia to obese patients, underscoring the unique challenges this demographic population presents. It will describe the necessity of individualized preoperative respiratory and cardiovascular assessments, using tools like spirometry and ECGs to tailor anesthesia plans. The text emphasizes the importance of respecting patient dignity and outlines perioperative strategies for managing altered pharmacokinetics and airway challenges in the obese population. They aim to highlight how obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of various anesthetic agents, necessitating adjusted dosing and vigilant monitoring. Postoperative care focuses on respiratory function optimization and mobilization, highlighting the critical role of a multidisciplinary team in improving outcomes for obese surgical patients. By reviewing the latest research and guidelines, this chapter will provide a thorough overview of anesthetic considerations for obese patients, emphasizing the necessity for tailored care plans to ensure both safety and efficacy.
Pseudo-Exfoliative Glaucoma: Our Experience
Authors: Ferreri Felicia M.
Published: July 2024

We investigated the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma. After providing extensive background information, we outlined our study methodology. We assembled a control group of 20 individuals, considering their medical history (including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, nephropathies, and inappropriate drug therapy). Our study focused exclusively on patients with secondary open-angle glaucoma associated with pseudo-exfoliation, which is the most common cause of open-angle glaucoma. Our finding indicates that hyperhomocysteinemia is significantly elevated in subjects with pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma compared to individuals without ocular pathology but with a similar vascular risk. Homocysteine, by promoting the overproduction of free radicals, damages the intima of blood vessel walls and triggers elastase release in arterial smooth muscle cells. Antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating the harmful effects of hyperhomocysteinemia, and folic acid supplementation, either alone or in combination with vitamins B12 and B6, improves endothelial function.
Futures of Livestock Industry from the Viewpoints of Jurisprudence and Regulatory Measures in the Philippines
Authors: Monleon Arnolfo M.
Published: July 2024

The livestock industry, comprising the sources of protein foods (eggs, meat, and milk), contributing enormous income, balancing trade, and attaining the food requirements in the Philippines. Filipinos have unique food preferences, and traditional delicacies are served usually in important events showcasing the rich food cultures and gastronomic traditions. Thereby, consumption and demands for animal products will continue to rise associated with the increasing trends in the human population and economic status. The sustainability and progress of the livestock industry, however, are challenged continuously by disruptions in production and input supply associated to disease outbreaks, natural calamities, and regulatory measures on biosecurity, importation, and urbanization. This review provides outlooks and viewpoints considering the issues and issuances affecting directly or indirectly the future of the livestock industry. The most prominent issue is the public clamor on the protection of general welfare sending a “chilling effect” or “doubt” to those engaged in the livestock industry. Also, jurisprudence provides different viewpoints on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) thereby products of biotechnology and gene engineering have limitations or restrictions on applications and uses. These challenges and issues, however, have optimistic viewpoints for achieving the standards of perfection toward the new beginning of the future of the livestock industry.
Fusion of Color-Based Multi-Dimensional Scaling Maps For Saliency Estimation
Authors: Mignotte Max
Published: July 2024

This work presents an original energy-based model, using a pixel pair modeling combined with a fusion procedure, to the saliency map estimation problem. More precisely, we formulate the saliency map segmentation issue as the solution of an energy-based model involving pixel pairwise constraints, in terms of color features, to which are then added constraints of higher levels of abstraction given by a preliminary over-segmentation whose location of regions but also contour information are exploited. Finally, this segmentation-driven saliency measure solution is then expressed in different color spaces which are combined together in order to take into account the specific properties of each of these color models with a outlier rejection scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is both simple, efficient by performing favorably against state-of-the-art methods and also perfectible.
Can SMA Innovative Treatments Be Reimbursed? A Rapid Review
Authors: Yaftian Fateme , Mobinizadeh Mohammadreza , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Mohamadi Efat , Habibi Farhad
Published: July 2024

Context: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life. This paper aims to gather current understanding of the safety, efficacy, and economic aspects of common SMA treatments to assist Iranian policymakers in adopting these novel treatments for this vulnerable population. Methods: This rapid health technology assessment (HTA) research was conducted in four steps: Database review, screening, data extraction, and thematic analysis. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies focused on assessing the safety, efficacy, and economic aspects of medical interventions in SMA patients compared to those who did not receive such interventions. Results: Based on current data, nusinersen was found to be the most effective treatment (increasing mobility achievements in SMA types 1 and 2) with the least side effects for SMA types 1 and 2. In terms of economic evaluations, none of the treatments were found to be cost-effective. Conclusions: The decision regarding reimbursement for such medical drugs should not focus solely on their cost-effectiveness but rather on creating access to essential care, meeting patient needs, and considering national budget limitations. Managed entry agreements (MEAs) are flexible tools that service providers or payers can use to negotiate and reduce the financial burden for both patients and payers.
Incidence of Carotid Atheroma in Patients Received Radiotherapy in Neck Field-A Case Series Study
Authors: Jalili Sadrabad Maryam , Kheirkhahi Mahtab , Shaghayegh Sayna , Sami Maryam , Mohiti Azra
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Atheroma is a condition that affects various blood vessels, primarily forming at junctions of moderate to large vessels, such as the carotid artery, where it is known as carotid atheroma (CA). Atheroma can lead to myocardial infarction or stroke. Previous studies have shown that head and neck radiotherapy can induce CA, even in young patients. Early diagnosis of atheroma in panoramic views can help prevent ischemic attacks in the brain and potentially save lives. Case Presentation: Thirty-six patients were referred to Semnan Dental School for dental screening by a hematologist-oncologist. An oral medicine specialist ordered panoramic radiographs for each patient, and radiopaque lesions were detected in the para-spinal region in four patients. These lesions were diagnosed as Carotid Atheroma by an Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, and this case series was reported. Conclusions: Radiotherapy is a component of treatment for head and neck malignancies and can cause atherosclerosis in carotid junctions. Dentists should monitor panoramic views of patients receiving radiotherapy for any signs of suspicious lesions. If carotid atheroma is detected, the patient should be referred to a cardiovascular specialist for further evaluation and treatment.
Access of Platform Workers to Collective Rights – the Fall of the Binary Divide?
Authors: Polajžar Aljoša
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses the issue of self-employed platform workers’ access to collective labour rights from the perspective of international law (ILO) and supranational European law (EU and Council of Europe). In this regard, the paper addresses the right to collective bargaining, the right to strike and the collective right to information and consultation. The main finding is that at the current stage, the relevant international and European legal framework is not providing access of self-employed platform workers to all examined collective labour rights. In light of the analysed legal developments the binary divide “has fallen” (for those self-employed platform workers who fulfil the 2022 Guidelines criteria) regarding access to collective bargaining. Therefore, as argued in the paper, also access to the right to strike should be ensured for the latter platform workers due to the purposeful interconnectedness and inseparability of both rights. Nonetheless, the binary divide is remaining “firm” regarding access to collective information and consultation rights. The latter remain accessible (including considering the Platform Work Directive proposal) only to platform workers with a subordinate “worker” status. However, as argued in the paper, the possibility to drop the binary divide (at least regarding certain matters) also in relation to collective information and consultation rights (in the context of platform work) should be seriously considered.
Omezení převoditelnosti dluhopisů souhlasem emitenta a právní následky jeho porušení
Authors: Špačková Michala
Published: July 2024

Cílem tohoto příspěvku je hledání odpovědí na otázky související s přípustností omezení převoditelnosti dluhopisů souhlasem emitenta, které rozpoutal Nejvyšší soud rozsudkem vydaným dne 27. 4. 2023, sp. zn. 27 ICdo 30/2022. Vycházeje z faktu, že dluhopis jako dluhový cenný papír inkorporuje pohledávku, Nejvyšší soud aplikoval na otázku přípustnosti omezení převoditelnosti dluhopisů právní úpravu zákazu cese (§ 1881 ObčZ). Ohledně následku porušení tohoto omezení byla následně dovozena neúčinnost převodu. Z důvodů podrobněji rozebíraných v tomto příspěvku je zejména první část rozhodnutí spočívající na tezi o připodobnění pohledávky z dluhopisu k pohledávce neztělesněné do cenného papíru problematická. Vedle rozboru diskutabilních pasáží rozsudku se příspěvek zaměří rovněž na nastínění alternativních úvah týkajících se judikované otázky. Aby hledání řešení nebylo ryze samoúčelné, bude obecná (spíše teoreticky laděná) úvaha o přípustnosti omezení dispozičního práva k dluhopisům doplněna o praktičtější výklad o zákonem aprobovaných modalitách takového omezení. Třetí diskuzní okruh bude věnován otázkám spojeným s právními následky porušení omezení převoditelnosti.
Preferencias de modalidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje de idiomas en postpandemia COVID-19
Authors: Guevara Bazán Isaí Alí , Rodríguez Luna Verónica , Mata Martínez Karla Lizeth , Martínez Cortés Jorge
Published: July 2024

En este libro se presenta un estudio de tipo mixto, el cual tuvo como objetivo describir los efectos de la pandemia sobre las preferencias que tienen los alumnos por las modalidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje de idiomas. La hipótesis para comprobar en la investigación para el método cuantitativo es “La preferencia de los alumnos universitarios que reciben cursos en el Centro de Idiomas no corresponde con las modalidades de enseñanza aprendizaje que les han ofrecido para aprender inglés después de la Pandemia por COVID-19”. Aunado a ello, la pregunta de tipo cualitativo fue ¿Cuáles son las modalidades que prefieren los alumnos universitarios para aprender inglés en su carrera después de la Pandemia por COVID-19? La recaudación de los datos tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos se realizó por medio de un formulario en línea con una muestra significativa al azar para indagar su postura sobre las modalidades que prefieren, ya sea presencial, virtual o autoaprendizaje. Se diseñó un cuestionario que incluyó datos cuantitativos no paramétricos con escala de Likert en función de las características preponderantes de cada modalidad. Se incluyó también en el cuestionario una sección de entrevista estructurada con preguntas abiertas (3) sobre la apreciación de las tres modalidades. Los resultados numéricos no paramétricos se analizaron por medio un enfoque estadístico descriptivo recurriendo al índice de frecuencia y para determinar tendencias a la media y la moda. El manejo de los datos cualitativos se trató con el uso del software ATLAS. Ti con el fin de utilizar el análisis temático donde se crearon campos temáticos. Posteriormente se organizaron los resultados por los temas principales (modalidades de enseñanza aprendizaje) para la interpretación de los datos cuantitativos con el fin de aceptar o rechazar la hipótesis. Se incluyeron en la interpretación de datos cuantitativos los resultados de las agrupaciones temáticas por medio de tablas de incidencia para el cruce de información obtenida de las preguntas abiertas. Se rechazó la hipótesis nula (H0) y se aceptó la hipótesis alterna (H1). Además de comprobar que los comportamientos en el aprendizaje de lenguas cambiaron significativamente específicamente en las preferencias de las modalidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje, los resultados aportaron información en relación a contextos de aprendizaje universitario, situaciones de interrelación social y afectiva, percepciones culturales sobre las modalidades de aprendizaje y un conocimiento más profundo del efecto del fenómeno de la pandemia por COVID-19 en las preferencias de las modalidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje y la creación de propuestas para mejorar la atención a los alumnos con base en una situación real y en función de las preferencias de los alumnos en términos de sus contextos académicos.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Work Motivation on the Performance of PT Tara's Outsourced Employees in the Maintenance Work Unit of PT Bukit Asam Kertapati Pier Unit
Authors: Oktariadi Satria , Widiyanti Marlina , Yusuf Muhammad , Hanafi Agustina
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted to determine the influence of transformational leadership style and work motivation on the performance of PT Tara's outsourced employees in the PT Bukit Asam Dermaga Kertapati Unit maintenance work unit. The population and sample in this study are all PT Tara's outsourced employees in the PT Bukit Asam Kertapati Pier Unit maintenance work unit in 2023-2024, with as many as 33 employees using the census method. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that transnational leadership style and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In a transformational leadership style, it is hoped that the role of the boss can provide opportunities for employees to provide opinions. Work motivation: it is hoped that the boss can provide fair input to employees so that fellow employees can establish good relationships.
Land Use Change Pattern of Change and Strategy Directions for Spatial Utilization Control in Bogor Regency
Authors: Irfan Asyari Nur , R. P Sitorus Santun , Wicaksono Arif
Published: July 2024

The designation of Bogor Regency as a National Activity Center encourages regional development, a very high population leads to rapid development and uncontrolled land use change. Therefore, spatial modeling based on land change prediction is needed that can be used as a basis for directing spatial utilization control policies. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the pattern of land use change and analyze the direction of spatial use control strategies in Bogor Regency. The research was conducted in Bogor Regency. The analysis used ArcGIS 10.8 Overlay and IDRISI Selva Edition and ISM v. 2.3. The results of the analysis of land use change in between 1997 and 2010, 87.98% of land use remained unchanged, while 12.01% changed. From 2010 to 2023, 73.16% remained unchanged, and 26.84% changed. The predominant land change pattern was from Dry Land Agriculture to Dry Land Agriculture-Rice Fields, while the least common was Open Land to Dry Land Agriculture and back to Open Land. By 2036, expected increases include settlements, shrubs, and Open Land, with decreases anticipated in dryland agriculture, forests, and paddy fields. The alignment of land use with the RTRW spatial plan shows 58.68% aligned, 23.85% transitional, and 17.46% misaligned. It is recommended to maintain land use aligned with the spatial plan, utilize transitional areas, and revise the RTRW for areas that are permanently misaligned. Strategies to control spatial utilization include enhancing technical training, improving infrastructure, aligning staff with organizational needs, and refining spatial planning policies and dispute resolution.
Communication Identity of Maize Farmers in the Digital Immigrant Group in Accepting Innovation through the Utilization of Digital Petani Apps
Authors: Rahmi Lutfial Umi Anisa , Hasanah Sudrajat Ratih
Published: July 2024

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in the agricultural sector, including through the peTani Apps digital application that is expected to help farmers. However, adopting this technology is not always easy, especially for farmers in the digital immigrant group. This study aims to identify and examine the process of forming a communication identity of corn farmers in the digital immigrant group who accept innovations through digital peTani Apps. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach processed and analyzed using NVivo. The research applied Michael Hecht's Communication Theory of Identity (CTI) in farmers' interaction with new technology. The results showed that farmers' communication identity levels, including personal identity, enactment identity, relational identity, and communal identity, play a significant role in technology adoption. Personal identity resulted in the finding that many farmers felt insecure and inexperienced in using advanced technology, which led to discomfort in using the application. Enactment identity shows that peTani Apps' digital technology innovation has not become part of farmers' daily routine due to difficulties in navigation and understanding functions. Relational identity reveals that community support and social relationships are crucial in adoption. Communal identity reflects resistance to change in communities with strong traditional norms. Overall, the app has not been widely adopted by digital immigrant groups. Social, cultural, and economic factors influence the adoption rate of these technologies, so more targeted strategies and greater support are needed to encourage equitable adoption among farmers.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik dengan Model Index Card Match pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila di Kelas V SDN 05 Tarok Dipo Kota Bukittinggi
Authors: Rahmatina Rahmatina , Noraslinda Noraslinda
Published: July 2024

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students and this condition was caused by the fact that during the preparation of learning planning it was found that the attachments to the teaching modules were incomplete because they were not accompanied by learning media attachments, the eval_uation questions had not been differentiated between formative and summative, the learning activities had not been explained. which are included in the Pancasila student profile and many still use the word student which should be replaced with student. The aim of this research is to describe the improvement in student learning outcomes through the Index Card Match model in Pancasila education learning in class V at SDN 05 Tarok Dipo, Bukittinggi City. This research is classroom action research (PTK) which uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. This research was carried out in two cycles, namely cycle I consisting of 2 meetings and cycle II consisting of 1 meeting. Each cycle includes four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were teachers and students of class V SDN 05 Tarok Dipo with a total of 25 students. Data collection techniques include observation, tests and non-tests. The results of the research showed an increase in a) the Teaching Module in cycle I with an average of 89.3% (Good), and in cycle II 96.4% (Very Good), b) implementation of learning in the teacher aspect of cycle I with an average of 73, 6% (Fair) and cycle II 93.2%, (Very Good) while the implementation of learning aspects for students in cycle I averaged 73.6% (Fair), cycle II 93.2% (Very Good), c) Student learning outcomes in cycle I averaged 74 (Fair) and cycle II 87.9 (Good). Based on these results, it can be concluded that through the Index Card Match model, student learning outcomes in Pancasila Education lessons can improve.
Implementasi MARKAS untuk Dana BOS di Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Pontianak: Studi Kualitatif Persepsi Pengguna
Authors: Karunia Urai , Tantri Sakina Nusarifa
Published: July 2024

MARKAS is the only application for the Education Department to manage reporting of BOS funds based on the Joint Circular Letter (SEB) of the Ministry of Home Affairs Number 907-6479-SJ and the Ministry of Education and Culture Number 7 of 2021. This research aims to find out the users’ perception on the implementation of MARKAS in reporting Dana BOS at Education and Culture Office of Pontianak City. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis is carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. This study found that there are perceived ease and usefulness in using the application. Even though there are various obstacles experienced by users, the application is very influential in assisting in reporting BOS funds. The government needs to develop applications to overcome existing obstacles. It is hoped that this research can provide benefits to literature and educational materials related to the use of information technology for the development and improvement of the MARKAS application system in the future.
แนวทางการพัฒนาศุภนิติกระบวนในการดำเนินการทางอนุญาโตตุลาการ: กรณีการนั่งพิจารณาเสมือนจริงในการระงับข้อพิพาททางพาณิชย์ระหว่างประเทศ
Authors:   , เมืองแก้ว เกวลี
Published: July 2024

เอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาแนวทางการพัฒนาศุภนิติกระบวนในการพิจารณาข้อพิพาทในรูปแบบเสมือนจริง (Virtual Hearings) ในการอนุญาโตตุลาการเพื่อสร้างแนวปฏิบัติที่มีความชัดเจนและเหมาะสมในการนั่งพิจารณาเสมือนจริงโดยคำนึงถึงหลักความมีประสิทธิภาพ (Efficiency) และความสอดคล้องกับศุภนิติกระบวน (Due process) ในการอนุญาโตตุลาการเป็นสำคัญ จากการศึกษาพบว่าแม้ว่าการนั่งพิจารณาคดีเสมือนจริงก่อให้เกิดความมีประสิทธิภาพ ได้แก่ คู่พิพาท จะได้รับความคุ้มค่า ความสะดวก และความรวดเร็ว เป็นต้น แต่คำชี้ขาดที่ทำขึ้นโดยมีการพิจารณาเสมือนจริงอาจจะมีปัญหาในประเด็นความแตกต่างของเวลาในแต่ละประเทศ ปัญหาข้อจำกัดในการสืบพยานหรือตรวจสอบพยานหลักฐาน ความน่าเชื่อถือของพยานที่อยู่ต่างสถานที่กันและอุปสรรคในการปรึกษาระหว่างทนายความและคู่พิพาทที่อยู่ต่างพื้นที่กัน เป็นต้น และอาจทำให้เกิดความเสียเปรียบในการต่อสู้คดีส่งผลให้กระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการไม่สอดคล้องกับ “ศุภนิติกระบวน" ซึ่งเป็นหลักการพื้นฐานที่สำคัญของการอนุญาโตตุลาการอีกทั้งยังเป็นหนึ่งในเหตุที่ศาลจะนำมาพิจารณาปฏิเสธการยอมรับและบังคับตามคำชี้ขาดตามมาตรา 5 แห่งอนุสัญญาว่าด้วยการยอมรับนับถือและการบังคับตามคำชี้ขาดอนุญาโตตุลาการต่างประเทศ 1958 และพบว่าสถาบันอนุญาโตตุลาการต่าง ๆ ในต่างประเทศได้มีการแก้ไขข้อบังคับว่าด้วยการอนุญาโตตุลาการและจัดทำแนวปฏิบัติว่าด้วยการพิจารณาเสมือนจริงไว้โดยเฉพาะอีกทั้งพิจารณาได้ว่าแนวทางว่าด้วยการพิจารณาข้อพิพาทดังกล่าวที่ใช้ในประเทศไทยยังขาดความชัดเจนและความเหมาะสมสำหรับการนั่งพิจารณาเสมือนจริงที่จะสามารถทำให้กระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการเป็นไปตามหลักความมีประสิทธิภาพและสอดคล้องกับศุภนิติกระบวน ด้วยเหตุที่กล่าวมาข้างต้น ผู้วิจัยจึงเห็นว่าประเทศไทยควรที่จะมีการพัฒนาแนวปฏิบัติสำหรับการพิจารณาข้อพิพาทในรูปแบบดังกล่าว โดยผู้เขียนเสนอให้มีการแก้ไขข้อบังคับอนุญาโตตุลาการและเสนอให้มีการจัดทำแนวทางปฏิบัติการพิจารณาข้อพิพาทในรูปแบบเสมือนจริงในการอนุญาโตตุลาการเพื่อให้มี
ความชัดเจนและเหมาะสมยิ่งขึ้น โดยคำนึงถึงหลักความมีประสิทธิภาพและความสอดคล้องกับศุภนิติกระบวนเป็นสำคัญ
อายุของสภาผู้แทนราษฎร ศึกษาเปรียบเทียบระหว่างรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทยกับรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งสหรัฐอเมริกา
Authors:   , สีมันตธรรมกุล ปัณณ์
Published: July 2024

อายุของสภาผู้แทนราษฎรเป็นส่วนสำคัญที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเลือกตั้งอันเป็นการสะท้อนเจตน์จำนงของประชาชนผ่านกลไกการเลือกตั้ง เพื่อให้มีผู้แทนของปวงชนเข้าสู่อำนาจ และปฏิบัติงานในหน้าที่ของฝ่ายนิติบัญญัติช่วงเวลาใดช่วงเวลาหนึ่ง และอายุของสภาผู้แทนราษฎรยังเกี่ยวพันกับความใกล้ชิดกับประชาชน ผู้เลือกตั้งในฐานะเจ้าของอำนาจอธิปไตย และยังสัมพันธ์เกี่ยวข้องฝ่ายบริหาร ความมีเสถียรภาพของฝ่ายบริหารในการเมืองของประเทศที่ใช้ระบบการปกครองแบบรัฐสภา การกำหนดอายุสภาผู้แทนราษฎรของประเทศไทยในปัจจุบันตามที่บัญญัติไว้ในรัฐธรรมนูญสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงการกำหนดอายุของสภาผู้แทนราษฎรโดยไม่มีประชาชนมีส่วนร่วม การกำหนดระยะเวลาที่ทำให้ผู้แทนราษฎรขาดความใกล้ชิดกับประชาชน และทำให้เกิดปัญหาต่างๆ เพื่อหาวิธีแก้ไขปัญหาดังกล่าวผู้เขียนจึงได้ทำการศึกษาเกี่ยวกับการกำหนดอายุของสภาผู้แทนของสหรัฐอเมริกาและจากการศึกษาพบว่า การกำหนดอายุของสภาผู้แทนโดยให้ประชาชนมีส่วนร่วมตั้งแต่ขั้นตอนแรก และคำนึงถึงการใกล้ชิดกับประชาชนอันเป็นการกำหนดที่มีความเป็นประชาธิปไตยแบบประชาชนมีส่วนร่วมในการเมืองเป็นอย่างมาก ทำให้ประชาชนสามารถสามารถใช้สิทธิออกเสียงเลือกตั้งผู้แทนได้บ่อยครั้งขึ้นตามเจตน์จำนง และรวมถึงเป็นกลไกในการควบคุมการปฏิบัติงานของรัฐบาลได้ผ่านการเลือกตั้ง ผู้เขียนจึงเสนอให้นำการกำหนดอายุสภาผู้แทนแบบของสหรัฐอเมริกามาปรับใช้กับประเทศไทยด้วยการแก้ไขในรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย เพื่อให้สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงประชาธิปไตยแบบประชาชนมีส่วนร่วมอย่างแท้จริง และมุ่งสะท้อนและแก้ไขปัญหาได้อย่างทันท่วงที
แนวทางในการควบคุมพฤติกรรมที่ใช้อำนาจเหนือตลาดของธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์ม : กรณีศึกษาพระราชบัญญัติการแข่งขันทางการค้า พ.ศ. 2560 และกฎหมายป้องกันการผูกขาดของสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน พ.ศ. 2565
Authors:   , เจี่ยง ถิง
Published: July 2024

งานวิจัยนี้เป็นการศึกษาอย่างละเอียดเกี่ยวกับการควบคุมและกำกับดูแลการใช้อำนาจเหนือตลาดของธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์มอย่างครอบคลุม โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งมุ่งเน้นไปที่การเปรียบเทียบระหว่างประเทศไทยและประเทศจีน และให้ความสำคัญกับการพิจารณาความแตกต่างในกฎหมายและแนวปฏิบัติที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการแข่งขันทางการค้า โดยเน้นประเด็นที่เกี่ยวข้องกับธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์มซึ่งมีอำนาจเหนือตลาด ในการศึกษานี้ได้มีการเปรียบเทียบการบังคับใช้กฎหมายพระราชบัญญัติการแข่งขันทางการค้า พ.ศ. 2560 ของประเทศไทย กับกฎหมายป้องกันการผูกขาด พ.ศ. 2565 ของประเทศจีน โดยเน้นไปที่ความแตกต่างในคำจำกัดความทางกฎหมาย ขอบเขตของตลาด และการควบคุมผู้ที่มีอำนาจเหนือตลาดในทั้งสองประเทศ นอกจากนี้ ยังสำรวจว่าประเทศไทยและประเทศจีนจัดการกับความท้าทายที่เกิดจากธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์มที่ทรงพลังได้อย่างไร โดยมีเงื่อนไขและแนวทางของแต่ละประเทศจะมีความแตกต่างกัน แต่งานวิจัยนี้ได้ชี้ชัดให้เห็นว่าประเทศไทยอาจได้รับประโยชน์จากการนำกลยุทธ์บางอย่างของประเทศจีนไปปรับใช้เพื่อจัดการปัญหาที่ผู้ประกอบธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์มใช้อำนาจเหนือตลาดได้อย่างมี ประสิทธิภาพและเสริมสร้างสมดุลการแข่งขัน ทั้งนี้ งานวิจัยนี้ได้ให้คำแนะนำหลายประการเพื่อปรับปรุงกรอบกฎหมายและกลไกการบังคับใช้ในประเทศไทย โดยอ้างอิงจากประสบการณ์ของประเทศจีนในการจัดการกับแพลตฟอร์มที่มีอิทธิพล เน้นไปที่การกำหนดคำจำกัดความของธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์มที่ชัดเจนยิ่งขึ้น การปรับปรุงวิธีการกำหนดตลาด และการพัฒนาเกณฑ์ในการพิสูจน์การใช้อำนาจเหนือลาด รวมถึงการปรับเปลี่ยนและเพิ่มเติมพฤติกรรมที่ใช้อำนาจเหนือตลาดของแพลตฟอร์ม ส่วนท้ายของงานวิจัยนี้ได้กล่าวถึงการเติบโตอย่างรวดเร็วของธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์มในประเทศไทย รวมถึงปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นเกี่ยวกับการควบคุมการผูกขาด และผลกระทบที่เกิดขึ้นต่อสิทธิของผู้บริโภคและการแข่งขันที่ยุติธรรมในตลาด โดยสรุป งานวิจัยนี้ได้นำเสนอการเปรียบเทียบเชิงลึกระหว่างแนวทางการกำกับดูแลกับธุรกิจแพลตฟอร์มดิจิทัลระหว่างประเทศไทยกับประเทศจีน โดยเน้นย้ำถึงความจำเป็นที่ประเทศไทยจะต้องปรับปรุงกฎหมายและกลไกการบังคับใช้เพื่อให้มั่นใจว่ามีการแข่งขันที่ยุติธรรม และมีการคุ้มครองผู้บริโภคอย่างเหมาะสมในเศรษฐกิจแพลตฟอร์มที่กำลังพัฒนาอย่างรวดเร็วในยุคปัจจุบัน