bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A genealogical survey on the main bloodline of the Australian Cattle Dog in Italy
Authors: Ciccarelli Jacopo , Macchioni Fabio , Cecchi Francesca
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the results of genetic variability analyses using genealogical data on the main genetic bloodline of the Australian Cattle Dog in Italy, a line that has had a significant impact on the development of the breed. All the genealogical data on the progeny and ancestors of one of the first stallions introduced in Italy were considered, i.e. Cattlefarm's Comeback Jack born on 1/2/1997 in Finland. Animals from the bloodline born between 1962 and 2019 were considered. A total number of 1722 animals were found to be from the line which represents the entire population (WP), including the basic population (BP) and the reference population (RP) defined as the animals currently living. A total of 982 animals were in the RP, with the oldest living dogs born in 2004. A total of 854 dogs were inbred. The average inbreeding coefficient (F) in the RP was 5.1%, while the average inbreeding of the inbred animals was 5.8%. The F was < 0.10 in 711 dogs (77.3% of inbred), and > 0.20 in only 36 dogs (3.91% of inbred). Fifteen traced generations were highlighted. A maximum average inbreeding value (6.45%) was observed in the dogs with 11 traced generations. This research highlighted the good genetic variability of this Australian Cattle Dog bloodline thanks to the efficient management of the breeders who in the past introduced some stallions from abroad. Currently, the lines in Italy are not sufficiently high to prevent inbreeding in the new matings, which is becoming frequent. It is, therefore, important to continue to import new stallions for reproduction to expand the genetic variability. However, at the same time, the old lines need to be preserved genetically, aptitudinally and morphologically, as they are an important heritage of the breed in Italy.
„Seit Köln“, und „nach Chemnitz“ – Schlüsselereignisse im parlamentarischen Diskurs
Authors: Weiß Tobias , König Marina , Stecker Christian , Müller Jochen , Blätte Andreas , Lewandowsky Marcel
Published: May 2021

Die Kölner Silvesternacht 2015/2016 und die Vorfälle in Chemnitz 2018 sind Schlüsselereignisse der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte, die eng mit den Konflikten in der Migrations- und Integrationspolitik verbunden sind. Wir untersuchen die diskursive Verarbeitung dieser Ereignisse in den Landtagen. Dazu verbinden wir qualitative und quantitative Verfahren der Textanalyse und werten einen umfangreichen Korpus aller Plenardebatten aus, die seit den Silvesterereignissen in Köln stattfanden. Unsere quantitative Textanalyse zeigt, dass Köln und Chemnitz fortwährend im parlamentarischen Diskurs nachhallen. Mit einer Framing-Analyse identifizieren wir die Deutungsmuster der Parteien. Wir stellen fest, dass die Kölner Silvesternacht die bekannten parteipolitischen Deutungsmuster im parlamentarischen Diskurs zwar herausfordert nicht jedoch grundlegend verändert. Dagegen macht Chemnitz 2018 neue parteipolitische Interpretationsangebote, sowie eine zunehmende Polarisierung zwischen AfD und etablierten Parteien sichtbar.
Mitral prolapsing volume is associated with increased cardiac dimensions in patients with mitral annular disjunction
Authors: Luyten P. , Heuts S. , Cheriex E. , Olsthoorn J. R. , Crijns H. J. G. M. , Winkens B. , Roos-Hesselink J. W. , Sardari Nia P. , Schalla S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

In patients with mitral annular disjunction (MAD), it can be difficult to assess the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR), as they present with a prolapsing volume (i.e. volume resulting from mitral valve prolapse, blood volume shift) rather than a regurgitant jet. The influence of the mitral prolapsing volume (MPV) on cardiac dimensions is unknown. We hypothesised that the severity of MR is underestimated in these patients. Our aim was to measure MPV and to investigate its influence on cardiac dimensions in patients with MAD.

Methods

We retrospectively included 131 consecutive patients with MAD from our institution’s echocardiographic database. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess MPV. Additionally, we established a control group of 617 consecutive patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and performed propensity score matching.

Results

Median MPV in the MAD group was 12 ml. MPV was an independent predictor for left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDD) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and left atrial volume (allp < 0.001). In patients with large prolapsing volumes (> 15 ml), LVEDD (56 ± 6 mm vs 51 ± 6 mm,p < 0.001), LVESD [38 mm (34–41) vs 34 mm (31–39),p < 0.01] and left atrial volume [105 ml (86–159) vs 101 ml (66–123),p = 0.04] were significantly increased compared to matched patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and similarly assessed severity of MR.

Conclusion

Due to a volume shift based on the MPV rather than an actual regurgitant jet, MR severity cannot be assessed adequately in MAD patients. Increased MPV induces ventricular and atrial enlargement. These findings warrant future studies to focus on MPV as an additional parameter for assessment of the severity of MR in MAD patients.
Correction to: A new deep-sea hot vent stalked barnacle from the Mariana Trough with notes on the feeding ecology of Vulcanolepas
Authors: Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Chen Chong , Chan Benny K. K.
Published: May 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s12526-021-01192-x
Homology-based repair induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in mammalian embryo genome editing
Authors: Zhang Xiya , Li Tao , Ou Jianping , Huang Junjiu , Liang Puping
Published: May 2021

Recent advances in genome editing, especially CRISPR-Cas nucleases, have revolutionized both laboratory research and clinical therapeutics. CRISPR-Cas nucleases, together with the DNA damage repair pathway in cells, enable both genetic diversification by classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ) and precise genome modification by homology-based repair (HBR). Genome editing in zygotes is a convenient way to edit the germline, paving the way for animal disease model generation, as well as human embryo genome editing therapy for some life-threatening and incurable diseases. HBR efficiency is highly dependent on the DNA donor that is utilized as a repair template. Here, we review recent progress in improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease-induced HBR in mammalian embryos by designing a suitable DNA donor. Moreover, we want to provide a guide for producing animal disease models and correcting genetic mutations through CRISPR-Cas nuclease-induced HBR in mammalian embryos. Finally, we discuss recent developments in precise genome-modification technology based on the CRISPR-Cas system.
Thinking Slow More Quickly: Development of Integrated Illness Scripts to Support Cognitively Integrated Learning and Improve Clinical Decision-Making
Authors: Fall Leslie H. , English Robin , Fulton Tracy B. , Harris David M. , Ngo Khiet , Nixon James , Hembrook-Short Jacqueline , Wilson-Delfosse Amy
Published: May 2021

Illness scripts describe the mental model used by experienced clinicians to store and recall condition-specific knowledge when making clinical decisions. Studies demonstrate that novice clinicians struggle to develop and apply strong illness scripts. We developed the Integrated Illness Script and Mechanism of Disease (IIS-MOD) map framework to address this challenge.
Fabrication of Anthocyanin/Montmorillonite Hybrid Pigments to Enhance Their Environmental Stability and Application in Allochroic Composite Films
Authors: Li Shu E. , Mu B. , Ding Jun J. , Zhang H. , Wang Xiao W. , Wang Ai Q.
Published: May 2021

The poor environmental stability of natural anthocyanin hinders its usefulness in various functional applications. The objectives of the present study were to enhance the environmental stability of anthocyanin extracted from Lycium ruthenicum by mixing it with montmorillonite to form an organic/inorganic hybrid pigment, and then to synthesize allochroic biodegradable composite films by incorporating the hybrid pigment into sodium alginate and test them for potential applications in food testing and packaging. The results of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and use of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and zeta potential demonstrated that anthocyanin was both adsorbed on the surface and intercalated into the interlayer of montmorillonite via host–guest interaction, and the hybrid pigments obtained allowed good, reversible, acid/base behavior after exposure to HCl and NH3 atmospheres. The composite films containing hybrid pigments had good mechanical properties due to the uniform dispersion of the pigments in a sodium alginate substrate and the formation of hydrogen bonds between them. Interestingly, the composite films also exhibited reversible acidichromism. The as-prepared hybrid pigments in composite films could, therefore, serve simultaneously as a reinforced material and as a smart coloring agent for a polymer substrate.
Jihad in the City
Authors: Lefèvre Raphaël
Published: May 2021

Tawhid was a militant Islamist group which implemented Islamic law at gunpoint in the Lebanese city of Tripoli during the 1980s. In retrospect, some have called it 'the first ISIS-style Emirate'. Drawing on two hundred interviews with Islamist fighters and their mortal enemies, as well as on a trove of new archival material, Raphaël Lefèvre provides a comprehensive account of this Islamist group. He shows how they featured religious ideologues determined to turn Lebanon into an Islamic Republic, yet also included Tripolitan rebels of all stripes, neighbourhood strongmen with scores to settle, local subalterns seeking social revenge as well as profit-driven gangsters, who each tried to steer Tawhid's exercise of violence to their advantage. Providing a detailed understanding of the multi-faceted processes through which Tawhid emerged in 1982, implemented its 'Emirate' and suddenly collapsed in 1985, this is a story that shows how militant Islamist groups are impacted by their grand ideology as much as by local contexts – with crucial lessons for understanding social movements, rebel groups and terrorist organizations elsewhere too.
Stem Cells
Authors: Fagan Melinda Bonnie
Published: May 2021

What is a stem cell? The answer is seemingly obvious: a cell that is also a stem, or point of origin, for something else. Upon closer examination, however, this combination of ideas leads directly to fundamental questions about biological development. A cell is a basic category of living thing; a fundamental 'unit of life.' A stem is a site of growth; an active source that supports or gives rise to something else. Both concepts are deeply rooted in biological thought, with rich and complex histories. The idea of a stem cell unites them, but the union is neither simple nor straightforward. This book traces the origins of the stem cell concept, its use in stem cell research today, and implications of the idea for stem cell experiments, their concrete results, and hoped-for clinical advances.
Democracy and Nationalism in Southeast Asia
Authors: Bertrand Jacques
Published: May 2021

Jacques Bertrand offers a comparative-historical analysis of five nationalist conflicts over several decades in Southeast Asia. Using a theoretical framework to explain variance over time and across cases, he challenges and refines existing debates on democracy's impact and shows that, while democratization significantly reduces violent insurgency over time, it often introduces pernicious effects that fail to resolve conflict and contribute to maintaining deep nationalist grievances. Drawing on years of detailed fieldwork, Bertrand analyses the paths that led from secessionist mobilization to a range of outcomes. These include persistent state repression for Malay Muslims in Thailand, low level violence under a top-down 'special autonomy' for Papuans, reframing of mobilizing from nationalist to indigenous peoples in the Cordillera, a long and broken path to an untested broad autonomy for the Moros and relatively successful broad autonomy for Acehnese.
Large-Scale Patterns in the Agricultural Demographic Transition of Mesoamerica and Southwestern North America
Authors: Lesure Richard G. , Sinensky R. J. , Schachner Gregson , Wake Thomas A. , Bishop Katelyn J.
Published: May 2021

This article examines large-scale spatial and temporal patterns in the agricultural demographic transition (ADT) of Mesoamerica and southwestern North America (“the Southwest”). An analysis of published settlement and subsistence data suggests that the prolonged ADTs of these regions involved two successive eras of rapid population growth. Although both periods of growth were fueled by the introduction or development of more productive domesticates, they had distinctive demographic and social consequences. The first phase of the ADT occurred only in a scattering of favorable regions, between 1900 and 1000 BC in Mesoamerica and 1200 BC–AD 400 in the Southwest. Its demographic consequences were modest because it was underwritten by still rather unproductive maize. During this phase, increased population was confined mainly to a few agricultural heartlands, whereas surrounding regions remained sparsely populated. The second phase of the ADT was more dramatic in the spatial scale of its impact. This “high productivity” phase unfolded between 1000 and 200 BC in Mesoamerica and AD 500–1300 in the Southwest, and it was fueled by more productive maize varieties and improving agricultural technologies. It was accompanied by sweeping social, economic, and political changes in both regions.
Co-design and co-simulation for engineering systems: insights from the Sustainable Infrastructure Planning Game
Authors: Grogan Paul T.
Published: May 2021

This paper draws on perspectives from co-design as an integrative and collaborative design activity and co-simulation as a supporting information system to advance engineering design methods for problems of societal significance. Design and implementation of the Sustainable Infrastructure Planning Game provides a prototypical co-design artifact that leverages the High Level Architecture co-simulation standard. Three role players create a strategic infrastructure plan for agricultural, water and energy sectors to meet sustainability objectives for a growing and urbaninzing population in a fictional desert nation. An observational study conducts 15 co-design sessions to understand underlying dynamics between actors and how co-simulation capabilities influence design outcomes. Results characterize the dependencies and conflicts between player roles based on technical exchange of resource flows, identifying tension between agriculture and water roles based on water demands for irrigation. Analysis shows a correlation between data exchange, facilitated by synchronous co-simulation, and highly ranked achievement of joint sustainability outcomes. Conclusions reflect on the opportunities and challenges presented by co-simulation in co-design settings to address engineering systems problems.
Pointwise convergence of certain continuous-time double ergodic averages
Authors: CHRIST MICHAEL , DURCIK POLONA , KOVAČ VJEKOSLAV , ROOS JORIS
Published: May 2021

We prove almost everywhere convergence of continuous-time quadratic averages with respect to two commuting

$\mathbb {R}$
-actions, coming from a single jointly measurable measure-preserving

$\mathbb {R}^2$
-action on a probability space. The key ingredient of the proof comes from recent work on multilinear singular integrals; more specifically, from the study of a curved model for the triangular Hilbert transform.
Modulating the activities of chloroplasts and mitochondria promotes adenosine triphosphate production and plant growth
Authors: Voon Chia P. , Law Yee-Song , Guan Xiaoqian , Lim Shey-Li , Xu Zhou , Chu Wing-Tung , Zhang Renshan , Sun Feng , Labs Mathias , Leister Dario , Pribil Mathias , Hronková Marie , Kubásek Jiří , Cui Yong , Jiang Liwen , Tsuyama Michito , Gardeström Per , Tikkanen Mikko , Lim Boon L.
Published: May 2021

Efficient photosynthesis requires a balance of ATP and NADPH production/consumption in chloroplasts, and the exportation of reducing equivalents from chloroplasts is important for balancing stromal ATP/NADPH ratio. Here, we showed that the overexpression of purple acid phosphatase 2 on the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria can streamline the production and consumption of reducing equivalents in these two organelles, respectively. A higher capacity of consumption of reducing equivalents in mitochondria can indirectly help chloroplasts to balance the ATP/NADPH ratio in stroma and recycle NADP+, the electron acceptors of the linear electron flow (LEF). A higher rate of ATP and NADPH production from the LEF, a higher capacity of carbon fixation by the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle and a greater consumption of NADH in mitochondria enhance photosynthesis in the chloroplasts, ATP production in the mitochondria and sucrose synthesis in the cytosol and eventually boost plant growth and seed yields in the overexpression lines.
Implementation of higher-order velocity mapping between marker particles and grid in the particle-in-cell code XGC
Authors: Mollén Albert , Adams M. F. , Knepley M. G. , Hager R. , Chang C. S.
Published: May 2021

The global total-

$f$

gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code XGC, used to study transport in magnetic fusion plasmas or to couple with a core gyrokinetic code while functioning as an edge gyrokinetic code, implements a five-dimensional continuum grid to perform the dissipative operations, such as plasma collisions, or to exchange the particle distribution function information with a core code. To transfer the distribution function between marker particles and a rectangular two-dimensional velocity-space grid, XGC employs a bilinear mapping. The conservation of particle density and momentum is accurate enough in this bilinear operation, but the error in the particle energy conservation can become undesirably large and cause non-negligible numerical heating in a steep edge pedestal. In the present work we update XGC to use a novel mapping technique, based on the calculation of a pseudo-inverse, to exactly preserve moments up to the order of the discretization space. We describe the details of the implementation and we demonstrate the reduced interpolation error for a tokamak test plasma using first- and second-order elements with the pseudo-inverse method and comparing with the bilinear mapping.
Continuous-in-time approach to flow shear in a linearly implicit local gyrokinetic code
Authors: Christen Nicolas , Barnes Michael , Parra Felix I.
Published: May 2021

A new algorithm for toroidal flow shear in a linearly implicit, local

$\delta f$

gyrokinetic code is described. Unlike the current approach followed by a number of codes, it treats flow shear continuously in time. In the linear gyrokinetic equation, time-dependences arising from the presence of flow shear are decomposed in such a way that they can be treated explicitly in time with no stringent constraint on the time step. Flow shear related time dependences in the nonlinear term are taken into account exactly, and time dependences in the quasineutrality equation are interpolated. Test cases validating the continuous-in-time implementation in the code GS2 are presented. Lastly, nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of a JET discharge illustrate the differences observed in turbulent transport compared with the usual, discrete-in-time approach. The continuous-in-time approach is shown, in some cases, to produce fluxes that converge to a different value than with the discrete approach. The new approach can also lead to substantial computational savings by requiring radially narrower boxes. At fixed box size, the continuous implementation is only modestly slower than the previous, discrete approach.
Parenting Support and its Different Functions – Parents’ Experiences. A Case Study from Norway
Authors: SUNDSBØ ASTRID O.
Published: May 2021

The research literature is characterized by a fundamental controversy about what parenting support is and what it aims to be: A health-promotion measure that supports child development or a “totalizing tendency […] of defining the relation between parents and children in technical terms” (Smeyers, 2010). This paper presents a study from Norway, where parenting support is offered as a “universal”, publicly funded service. It presents and discusses findings based on in-depth interviews with 45 parents from different social (educational, economic) and cultural (migration) backgrounds, focusing on how they perceived the purpose and outcomes of parenting support programs in which they participated. A key finding is that parents with majority backgrounds are less enamoured with the quality and usefulness of provision, and tend instead towards other sources for advice on parenting (primarily their social and familial networks). Many also express scepticism of broad approaches to parenting support provision. In contrast, minority parents lacking “Norwegian” social and familial networks genuinely find the courses valuable, both for their own integration and self-confidence and also the development of their children. The findings help address the need for further research into the effectiveness of parenting support and its potential role in reducing social inequality.
Provincial Monarchs as an EasternArcanum Imperii: ‘Client Kingship’, the Augustan Revolution and the Flavians
Authors: Ish-Shalom Tal A.
Published: May 2021

This paper re-examines the role of ‘client kings’ in the Roman east in the early Principate. Contrary to previous emphasis on continuity with the republican past, it proposes that Octavian-Augustus enacted a set of measures that fundamentally changed the relations of certain eastern monarchs with the imperial centre. These ‘provincial monarchs’ became a new elite of Roman administrators, personally loyal to thedomus Augustaand distinct from ‘client kings’ earlier and elsewhere. This Augustan systemisation complemented the provincial division of 27b.c.e., creating a ‘divide and rule’ dynamic between provincial monarchs and imperial legates which was expedient to the Julio-Claudians. This model is then used to challenge the view that the Flavians systematically ‘provincialised’ the east as part of a reorganisation of the frontier. It raises the alternative possibility that provincial monarchy gradually died out, following the Flavians’ realisation that its continued maintenance was detrimental to their public image in Rome.
Acute rheumatic fever in the paediatric population: a descriptive study in the Malaysian state of Sabah
Authors: Patel Farul R , Tan Jason Wy , Rao Siva
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Rheumatic heart disease is among the leading causes of acquired valvular heart disease in the developing world. However, there is no data available for rheumatic heart disease in the paediatric population of Sabah. This study collected data for acute rheumatic fever admissions among the paediatric population in Sabah over a period of 3 years.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study. All records for admissions to paediatric wards in Sabah for acute rheumatic fever from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected. The patient records were then traced and required information were collected.

Results:

A total of 52 cases of acute rheumatic fever were admitted. It was observed that the incidence of acute rheumatic fever was 74.4 per 100,000 paediatric admissions. Patients from the West Coast Division made up most of the admissions (n = 24, 46.2%). Male patients (n = 35, 67.3%) of the indigenous Kadazan-Dusun ethnicity (n = 21, 40.4%) were most commonly encountered. The mean age at time of presentation was 9.58 years. Most cases admitted (n = 38, 73.1%) were categorised as Priority 1 (severe rheumatic heart disease).

Conclusion:

Most patients who were admitted had symptoms of heart failure and were diagnosed with severe rheumatic heart disease. Although this disease is preventable, the incidence in Sabah remains high. This study was limited as we only looked at patients who were admitted and we foresee the real incidence to be higher. Hence, there is an urgent need for a rheumatic heart disease registry in Malaysia to gather more data for prevention and early intervention.
Clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic evaluation of neonates with vitamin D deficiency due to maternal vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Cayir Atilla , Akyigit Ali , Gullu Ufuk Utku , Kahveci Hasan , Yildiz Duran , Kurnaz Erdal , Vuralli Dogus , Kaya Abdulkadir , Buyukyilmaz Gonul , Demirbilek Huseyin
Published: May 2021

Objective:

There are a few number of case reports and small-scale case series reporting dilated cardiomyopathy due to vitamin D-deficient rickets. The present study evaluates the clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic features of neonates with vitamin D deficiency.

Patients and methods:

In this prospective single-arm observational study, echocardiographic evaluation was performed on all patients before vitamin D3 and calcium replacement. Following remission of biochemical features of vitamin D deficiency, control echocardiography was performed. Biochemical and echocardiographic characteristics of the present cohort were compared with those of 27 previously published cases with dilated cardiomyopathy due to vitamin D deficiency.

Results:

The study included 148 cases (95 males). In the echocardiographic evaluation, none of the patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. All of the mothers were also vitamin D deficient and treated accordingly. Comparison of patients with normocalcaemia and hypocalcaemia at presentation revealed no statistically significant difference between the ejection fraction and shortening fraction, while left ventricle end-diastolic diameter and left ventricle end-systolic diameter were higher in patients with hypocalcaemia. Previously published historical cases were older and had more severe biochemical features of vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, in this first and largest cohort of neonates with vitamin D deficiency, we did not detect dilated cardiomyopathy. Early recognition and detection before developing actual rickets and preventing prolonged hypocalcaemia are critically important to alleviate cardiac complications.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection mimicking hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Matsuoka Ryohei , Muneuchi Jun , Ochiai Yoshie
Published: May 2021

A newborn with supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection vein presented the small left ventricle with z score of −7.5, retrograde blood supply in the transverse arch, and the dutcus-dependent systemic circulation. The patient underwent the repair of the anomalous pulmonary vein and bilateral pulmonary arterial banding soon after the birth and then transcatheter pulmonary arterial debanding at the age of 10 months because of an appropriate growth of the left ventricle.
China ‒ Domestic Support for Agricultural Producers: One Policy, Multiple Parameters Imply Modest Discipline
Authors: Ahn Dukgeun , Orden David
Published: May 2021

This paper assesses key issues in the dispute over the United States’ claim that for certain grains China exceeded its limits on domestic support under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) during 2012–2015. The panel first determined that the base years for the reference price in calculating China's market price support were 1996–1998, rather than 1986–1988 as stipulated in the AoA, and that production in the geographic regions where the support programs operated, not the smaller quantities purchased at administered prices, constituted eligible production. The panel then found China had exceeded its limits in each of the four years for wheat, Indica rice, and Japonica rice. The possibility was left open that a government can determine eligible production by setting maximum purchases at support prices in its regulatory framework. China used this option to claim that its programs for 2020 implemented the recommendations and rulings of the DSB. We argue that use of outdated fixed external reference prices to measure the price gap and to define eligible production by limits on purchases, distance calculation under the AoA from economic support measurement. The measurement issues compound the discord among Members over levels of agricultural support.
Dignity therapy in Mexican lung cancer patients with emotional distress: Impact on psychological symptoms and quality of life
Authors: Gonzalez-Ling Ana , Galindo Vázquez Oscar , Rascón-Gasca María Luisa , Robles Rebeca , Chochinov Harvey Max
Published: May 2021

Lung cancer (LC) is the most frequent and deadly neoplasm in the world, and patients have shown a tendency to have more emotional distress than other cancer populations. Dignity Therapy (DT) is a brief intervention aimed to improve emotional well-being in patients facing life-threatening illness.

Objective

To analyze the effect of DT on anxiety, depression, hopelessness, emotional distress, dignity-related distress, and quality of life (QoL) in a group of Mexican patients with stage IV LC undergoing active medical treatment with baseline emotional distress.

Method

In this preliminary pretest–posttest study, patients received three sessions of DT and were evaluated with the HADS, Distress Thermometer, Patient Dignity Inventory, single-item questions, and QLQ-30.

Results

In total, 24 out of 29 patients completed the intervention. Statistically significant improvements were found in anxiety, depression, emotional distress, hopelessness, and dignity-related distress with large effect sizes. Patients reported that DT helped them, increased their meaning and purpose in life, their sense of dignity, and their will to live, while it decreased their suffering. No changes were found in QoL.

Significance of results

DT was well accepted and effective in improving the emotional symptoms of LC patients with distress that were undergoing medical treatment. Although more research is warranted to confirm these results, this suggests that DT can be used in the context of Latin-American patients.
The evolution of the football jersey – an institutional perspective
Authors: Butler David , Butler Robert
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the interaction of informal constraints on human behaviour by examining the evolution of English football jerseys. The jersey provides an excellent setting to demonstrate how informal constraints emerge from formal rules and shape human behaviour. Customs, approved norms and habits are all observed in this setting. The commercialisation of football in recent decades has resulted in these informal constraints, in many cases dating back over a century, co-existing with branding, goodwill and identity effects. Combined, these motivate clubs to maintain thestatus quo. As a result, club colours have remained remarkably resilient within a frequently changing landscape.
Ethnic Irony in Melvin B. Tolson's “Dark Symphony”
Authors: NEWTON ELIZABETH
Published: May 2021

This article historicizes musical symbolism in Melvin B. Tolson's poem “Dark Symphony” (1941). In a time when Black writers and musicians alike were encouraged to aspire to European standards of greatness, Tolson's Afro-modernist poem establishes an ambivalent critical stance toward the genre in its title. In pursuit of a richer understanding of the poet's attitude, this article situates the poem within histories of Black music, racial uplift, and white supremacy, exploring the poem's relation to other media from the Harlem Renaissance. It analyzes the changing language across the poem's sections and, informed by Houston A. Baker Jr.'s study of “mastery and deformation,” theorizes the poet's tone. While prior critics have read the poem's lofty conclusion as sincerely aspirational toward assimilation, this article emphasizes the ambiguity, or irony, that Tolson develops: he embraces the symphony's capacity as a symbol to encompass multiple meanings, using the genre metaphorically as a mark of achievement, even as he implicates such usage as a practice rooted in conservative thought. The “symphony,” celebrated as a symbol of pluralistic democracy and liberal progress, meanwhile functions to reinforce racialized difference and inequality—a duality that becomes apparent when this poem is read alongside Tolson's concurrent poems, notes, and criticism. Such analysis demonstrates that “Dark Symphony” functions as a site for heightened consciousness of racialized musical language, giving shape to Tolson's ideas as a critic, educator, and advocate for public health.
How Flexible are we in Regulating our Emotions? A Discussion on Current Conceptual Frameworks of Emotion Regulation Flexibility, Requirements for Future Research and Potential Practical Implications
Authors: Sanchez-Lopez Alvaro
Published: May 2021

Are we flexible in using different strategies to regulate our emotions during our daily functioning? What are the personal and situational mechanisms accounting for this complex set of emotion regulation (ER) processes? And to what extent different forms of ER flexibility are adaptive? Current empirical evidence challenges a static view of ER strategies as inherently adaptive or maladaptive. This has led contemporary accounts to consider the variation in use of ER strategies across time depending on the complex interplay of personal characteristics, specific situational demands, and motivational goals. However, despite the relevance of these new approaches and their obvious theoretical and practical implications, the study of ER flexibility is a relatively young research field, still lacking common integrative views. In this paper, I briefly discuss the shared and unique components across different theoretical frameworks of ER flexibility and make recommendations for future research to advance the understanding of this crucial phenomenon. I identify specific questions that may be contrasted through programmatic research lines and propose that the integration of cognitive mechanisms known to affect ER may help to advance the science of ER flexibility. I also enumerate a series of methodological approaches that can be used to tests proposed models of ER flexibility. Finally, I highlight potential practical implications that can be derived from these new research programs in order to improve interventions aimed at promoting adaptive ER flexibility and adaptive functioning.
Long-Term Effects of a Comprehensive Police Suicide Prevention Program
Authors: Mishara Brian L. , Fortin Louis-Francis
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Background: Mishara and Martin (2012) reported decreases in suicides 12 years after implementation of a police suicide prevention program. Aims: We aimed to determine whether suicide decreases were sustained 10 years later. Method: We examined coroners’ investigations of police deaths from 2009 through 2018. Results: From 2009 to 2018, Montreal suicide rates increased but this was not significantly different from the previous 12 years and the rate for other Quebec police remained significantly higher than Montreal ( p < .006). The 22-year Montreal postprogram rate was significantly lower than the preprogram rate ( p < .002), and the 22-year rate for other police during the same years was not significantly different from earlier. Limitations: Uncontrolled factors may have influenced the rates, including the 11% increase in women in the Montreal police. The observed mean aging of the Montreal police personnel would have been expected to bias toward finding increases in suicides. However, the maintenance of decreases in suicide rates was observed. Conclusion: The decrease in suicides observed 12 years after the program was sustained for another 10 years, and appears related to the program. Rates for comparable police remained higher. A continuing comprehensive suicide prevention program tailored to the context may reduce suicides for extended time periods.
Violations of Suicide-Prevention Guidelines in US Media Coverage of Physician's Suicide Death During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lynn-Green Erika E. , Jaźwińska Klaudia , Beckman Adam L. , Latham Stephen R.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Background: Healthcare workers are at elevated risk for suicide; though it has yet to be studied, this risk may be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. News media coverage of high-profile suicide is associated with an increased risk of subsequent suicides. No analysis has yet been published of US media practices for reporting on healthcare worker suicides during the pandemic. Aims: The researchers aimed to evaluate pandemic-era media practices by investigating adherence to best-practice suicide reporting guidelines in coverage of Dr. Lorna Breen's death. Methods: The researchers conducted a content analysis of all unique articles by top outlets reporting Dr. Breen's death between April 26 and 29, 2020, and scored them based on their adherence to the 15 best-practice suicide reporting guidelines. Results: Every media outlet violated an average of at least 5 of 15 suicide guidelines in reporting on Dr. Breen's death; some abided by as few as 2 of 15 recommended guidelines. Seven of 15 guidelines were adhered to by fewer than one third of articles. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline number, notably easy to include, appeared in only 75% of articles. Limitations: The researchers were limited to reviewing media coverage of one specific instance of COVID-era healthcare worker suicide, making these findings applicable as a prominent case study rather than forming a generalizable claim about suicide reporting during the pandemic or about reporting on healthcare suicides. Conclusion: These violations highlight a range of opportunities to improve suicide prevention in the media, which has a responsibility to ensure reporting does not exacerbate the risk of suicide. Improved adherence to these guidelines could reduce harm for healthcare workers during the pandemic.
Staff Perspectives of Safety Planning as a Suicide Prevention Intervention for People of Refugee and Asylum-Seeker Background
Authors: Ferguson Monika , Posselt Miriam , McIntyre Heather , Loughhead Mark , Kenny Mary-Anne , Mau Vicki , Procter Nicholas
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Background: Safety planning involves the co-development of a personalized list of coping strategies to prevent a suicide crisis. Aims: We explored the perspectives of workers regarding safety planning as a suicide prevention strategy for people of refugee background and those seeking asylum in Australia. Method: Participants attended suicide prevention training, specific to refugees and asylum seekers, at which safety planning was a key component. Semistructured, posttraining interviews ( n = 12) were analyzed thematically. Results: Four key themes were identified: safety planning as a co-created, personalized activity for the client; therapeutic benefits of developing a safety plan; barriers to engaging in safety planning; strategies to enhance safety planning engagement. Limitations: First-hand refugee and asylum-seeker experiences were not included. Conclusion: As a relatively low-cost, flexible intervention, safety planning may be valuable and effective for these groups.
Warm and Cool Nearshore Plumes Connecting the Surf Zone to the Inner Shelf
Authors: Moulton M. , Chickadel C. C. , Thomson J.
Published: May 2021

Cross‐shore transport of larvae, pollutants, and sediment between the surf zone and the inner shelf is important for coastal water quality and ecosystems. Rip currents are known to be a dominant pathway for exchange, but the effects of horizontal temperature and salinity gradients are not well understood. Airborne visible and infrared imaging performed on the California coast shows warm and cool plumes driven by rip currents in the surf zone and extending onto the shelf, with temperature differences of approximately 1°C. The airborne imagery and modeled temperatures and tracers indicate that warm plumes exhibit more lateral spreading and transport material in a buoyant near‐surface layer, whereas cool plumes move offshore in a subsurface layer. The average cross‐shore extent of warm plumes at the surface is approximately one surfzone width larger than for cool plumes. Future work may explore the sensitivity of nearshore plumes to density patterns, wave forcing, and bathymetry.
The Impact of Variable Ocean Temperatures on Totten Glacier Stability and Discharge
Authors: McCormack F. S. , Roberts J. L. , Gwyther D. E. , Morlighem M. , Pelle T. , Galton‐Fenzi B. K.
Published: May 2021

A major uncertainty in Antarctica's contribution to future sea‐level rise is the ice sheet response timescales to ocean warming. Totten Glacier drains a region containing 3.9 m global sea level equivalent and has been losing mass over recent decades. We use an ice sheet model coupled to an ice‐shelf cavity combined ocean box and plume model to investigate Totten's response to variable ocean forcing. Totten's grounding line is stable for a limited range of ocean temperatures near current observations (i.e., −0.95°C to −0.75°C), with topography influencing the discharge periodicity. For increases of ≥0.2°C in temperatures beyond this range, grounding line retreat occurs. Variable ocean forcing can reduce retreat relative to constant forcing, and different variability amplitudes can cause centennial‐scale delays in retreat through interactions with topography. Our results highlight the need for long‐term ocean state observations and to include forcing variability in ice sheet model simulations of future change.
Analysis of the Anthropogenic and Biogenic NOx Emissions Over 2008–2017: Assessment of the Trends in the 30 Most Populated Urban Areas in Europe
Authors: Fortems‐Cheiney A. , Broquet G. , Pison I. , Saunois M. , Potier E. , Berchet A. , Dufour G. , Siour G. , Denier van der Gon H. , Dellaert S. N. C. , Boersma K. F.
Published: May 2021

We use the OMI‐QA4ECV‐v1.1 NO2 tropospheric columns over the 10‐year 2008–2017 period to confront satellite‐based trends in NO2 concentrations to those from the state‐of‐the‐art regional chemistry‐transport model CHIMERE and to evaluate the bottom‐up anthropogenic and biogenic NOx emissions in Europe. A focus is made for the 30 most populated urban areas in Europe. Over urban areas in Western Europe, except for coastal cities, OMI confirms the drop in the simulated CHIMERE NO2 tropospheric columns based on the latest country emission official reporting. OMI hardly shows significant negative trends over Central and Eastern Europe urban areas. Increasing biogenic emissions helps reconciling CHIMERE and OMI trends over urban areas in Central Europe and over rural areas, confirming the importance of accounting for non‐anthropogenic emissions to assess long‐term trends. Over Eastern Europe, our results question emission reductions estimated for particular sectors and in particular the road transport, public power, and industrial emissions.
Variation of Absorption Ångström Exponent in Aerosols From Different Emission Sources
Authors: Helin A. , Virkkula A. , Backman J. , Pirjola L. , Sippula O. , Aakko‐Saksa P. , Väätäinen S. , Mylläri F. , Järvinen A. , Bloss M. , Aurela M. , Jakobi G. , Karjalainen P. , Zimmermann R. , Jokiniemi J. , Saarikoski S. , Tissari J. , Rönkkö T. , Niemi J. V. , Timonen H.
Published: May 2021

The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) describes the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols. AAE is typically used to differentiate between different aerosol types for example., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust particles. In this study, the variation of AAE was investigated mainly in fresh aerosol emissions from different fuel and combustion types, including emissions from ships, buses, coal‐fired power plants, and residential wood burning. The results were assembled to provide a compendium of AAE values from different emission sources. A dual‐spot aethalometer (AE33) was used in all measurements to obtain the light absorption coefficients at seven wavelengths (370–950 nm). AAE470/950 varied greatly between the different emission sources, ranging from −0.2 ± 0.7 to 3.0 ± 0.8. The correlation between the AAE470/950 and AAE370‐950 results was good (R2 = 0.95) and the mean bias error between these was 0.02. In the ship engine exhaust emissions, the highest AAE470/950 values (up to 2.0 ± 0.1) were observed when high sulfur content heavy fuel oil was used, whereas low sulfur content fuels had the lowest AAE470/950 (0.9–1.1). In the diesel bus exhaust emissions, AAE470/950 increased in the order of acceleration (0.8 ± 0.1), deceleration (1.1 ± 0.1), and steady driving (1.2 ± 0.1). In the coal‐fired power plant emissions, the variation of AAE470/950 was substantial (from −0.1 ± 2.1 to 0.9 ± 1.6) due to the differences in the fuels and flue gas cleaning conditions. Fresh wood‐burning derived aerosols had AAE470/950 from 1.1 ± 0.1 (modern masonry heater) to 1.4 ± 0.1 (pellet boiler), lower than typically associated with wood burning, while the burn cycle phase affected AAE variation.
New Observation Operators for Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path From ABI and Their Impact on Assimilation and Hurricane Forecasts
Authors: Meng Deming , Wang Pei , Li Jun , Li Jinlong , Chen Yaodeng , Wangzong Steve , Heidinger Andy , Walther Andi , Li Zhenglong
Published: May 2021

The cloud liquid/ice water path (LWP/IWP) can provide valuable information about the cloud and precipitation. For the first time, the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system is applied to examine the impact of the high spatial and temporal resolution LWP and IWP products derived from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the new generation geostationary environmental satellites (GOES‐R series) in numerical weather prediction (NWP). To extend the GSI's capability to assimilate LWP and IWP products, a pair of new observation operators of LWP and IWP is developed to avoid the requirement for hydrometeor control variables. The new observation operators enable the direct use of hydrometeor background information from the NWP model and allow the vertical propagation of the water vapor increment according to the Jacobian distributions for the new LWP and IWP operators. The new LWP and IWP observation operators are evaluated by the single observation tests and the cycling assimilation and forecast experiments of Hurricane Irma (2017) and Hurricane Maria (2017). The results from single observation tests show that the assimilations of pseudo‐LWP and pseudo‐IWP can achieve positive water vapor increments, which also spread vertically according to the Jacobian distributions. The impact studies on two hurricanes demonstrate that the ABI LWP and IWP measurements can be successfully assimilated into the NWP model by the new observation operators, which enhances the water vapor analysis and further improves other atmospheric state variables in the forecast fields. The improved environmental fields lead to the overall forecast improvement for the two hurricanes, with the most notable track improvement.
Future Projections of Petermann Glacier Under Ocean Warming Depend Strongly on Friction Law
Authors: Åkesson Henning , Morlighem Mathieu , O’Regan Matt , Jakobsson Martin
Published: May 2021

Basal friction heavily controls the dynamics of fast‐flowing glaciers. However, the best approach to modeling friction is unclear, increasing uncertainties in projections of future mass loss and sea‐level rise. Here, we compare six friction laws and evaluate them for Petermann Glacier in northern Greenland, using a higher order three‐dimensional ice‐sheet model. We model glacier retreat and mass loss under an ocean‐only warming until year 2300, while not considering the effects of a future warmer atmosphere. Regardless of the friction law, we find that breakup of Petermann's ice shelf is likely to occur within the next decades. However, future grounding‐line retreat differs by 10s of km and estimates of sea‐level rise may quadruple, depending on the friction law employed. A bedrock ridge halts the retreat for four of the laws, and Petermann retreats furthest when applying a Budd or a Coulomb‐type “till law.” Depending on the friction law, sea‐level contributions differ by 133% and 282% by 2300 for 2°C and 5°C ocean warming scenarios, respectively.