bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypergolic Synthesis of Inorganic Materials by the Reaction of Metallocene Dichlorides with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions: The Case of Photocatalytic Titania
Authors: Chalmpes Nikolaos , Asimakopoulos Georgios , Baikousi Maria , Bourlinos Athanasios B. , Karakassides Michael A. , Gournis Dimitrios
Published: December 2021

Hypergolic materials synthesis is a new preparative technique in materials science that allows a wide range of carbon or inorganic solids with useful properties to be obtained. Previously we have demonstrated that metallocenes are versatile reagents in the hypergolic synthesis of inorganic materials, such as γ-Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Co, Ni and alloy CoNi. Here, we go one step further by using metallocene dichlorides as precursors for the hypergolic synthesis of additional inorganic phases, such as photocatalytic titania. Metallocene dichlorides are closely related to metallocenes, thus expanding the arsenal of organometallic compounds that can be used in hypergolic materials synthesis. In the present case, we show that hypergolic ignition of the titanocene dichloride–fuming nitric acid pair results in the fast and spontaneous formation of titania nanoparticles at ambient conditions in the form of anatase–rutile mixed phases. The obtained titania shows good photocatalytic activity towards Cr(VI) removal (100% within 9 h), with the latter being dramatically enhanced after calcination of the powder at 500 °C (100% within 3 h). Notably, this performance was found to be comparable to that of commercially available P25 TiO2 under identical conditions. The cases of zirconocene, hafnocene and molybdocene dichlorides are discussed in this work, which aims to show the wider applicability of metallocene dichlorides in the hypergolic synthesis of inorganic materials (ZrO2, HfO2, MoO2).
A Method to Separate Two Main Antioxidants from Lepidium latifolium L. Extracts Using Online Medium Pressure Chromatography Tower and Two-Dimensional Inversion/Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Based on Online HPLC-DPPH Assay
Authors: Wang Xiu , Zhang Yupei , Wu Nan , Cao Jingya , Tao Yanduo , Yu Ruitao
Published: December 2021

Free radicals, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, mediate oxidative stress to cause many chronic diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer). The extract of traditional Tibetan medicine Lepidium latifolium L. (L. latifolium) was reported to have free radical inhibition ability. Therefore, a system method was established to separate the ethanol extract of L. latifolium to prepare two main antioxidant compounds. First of all, silica gel and a medium-pressure liquid chromatography tower were used for pre-treatment of the ethanol extract of L. latifolium to obtain the main antioxidant active component fraction 4 through online high-performance liquid chromatography-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (HPLC-DPPH) assay. Then, fraction 4-1 was obtained by one-dimensional preparation using Megres C18 chromatographic column, and two active compounds with IC50 values 59.9 and 71.3 μg/mL were obtained by two-dimensional preparation using Click XIon chromatographic column. Through the study of the chemical components and separation methods of L. latifolium, the combination of HPLC-DPPH assay and two-dimensional preparative liquid chromatography was realized, providing a reference for the separation of active compounds from L. latifolium.
Experiences of Adolescent Participation in Educational Institutions in Croatia
Authors: Borić Ivana , Ćosić Andrea , Prskalo Iva
Published: December 2021

Adolescents in educational institutions are one of the groups of children whose voice is seldom heard, who have fewer opportunities to participate, and face more obstacles when they want to participate. Furthermore, growing up in out-of-home care often increases the children’s vulnerability and endangers their participatory rights in terms of obtaining adequate information on the course of care, the opportunities to participate in decisions relevant to their life and care, the impact on the quality of care, etc. The aim of this paper is to describe adolescent participation from two perspectives: prescribed and formalized in the form of beneficiary councils in educational institutions and in the form of adolescent’s experiences in institutions. A qualitative approach was used, and the data were obtained from focus groups with adolescents, as well as from descriptions of beneficiary councils through online questionnaires. The results shed light on the importance of adolescent’s rights but also on the lack of their fulfilment in educational institutions, especially when it comes to participation. Adolescents’ participation in educational institutions is perceived as limited, characterized by restriction and a lack of choice, which results in decreased motivation for participation. Beneficiary councils, despite being regulated in terms of legislation, are not considered a significant form of child participation in educational institutions.
The Differential Attainment Rate among Latina Students: A Comparative Analysis of Recent Trends in Educational Achievements across Gender between 2005 and 2020
Authors: Pumar Enrique S.
Published: December 2021

Grounded on educational achievement data between 2005 and 2020 from the Digest of Educational Statistics, this paper makes the point that despite considerable academic achievements, Latinas continue to underperform when compared to women of other races and ethnicities while concurrently outscoring Latinos. When differential attainment rates are disaggregated among co-ethnics Latinas, there is enough evidence to suggest that national development and quality of life, particularly the rate of women’s participation in secondary schooling, condition the association between ethnicity, gender, and educational achievement. Besides contributing to the literature and methodology of transition rates, the research supports the advocacy for more inclusive and equitable educational attainment announced in Sustainable Development Goal 4 and it suggests that more attention should be paid to how transnationalism affects education.
Prioritization of Low-Volume Road Projects Considering Project Cost and Network Accessibility: An Incremental Benefit–Cost Analysis Framework
Authors: Woldemariam Wubeshet
Published: December 2021

Due to insufficient funds to implement all candidate road infrastructure projects, there is a need to efficiently utilize available funds and select candidate projects that maximize performance criteria decision-makers. This paper proposes an incremental benefit–cost analysis (IBCA) framework to prioritize low-volume road (LVR) projects that maximize road network accessibility considering project cost and network accessibility requirements. The study results show that the accessibility benefits of road projects depend not only on their cost requirements but also on their spatial locations in the network that affect their network-level accessibility benefits per unit cost of investment. Additionally, the number of disrupted LVR links cannot fully determine the degree of change in network accessibility. The framework enables decision-makers to consider project cost requirements and the accessibility-related impacts of LVR projects, maximize economic benefits, and ensure the sustainability of the LVR network performance.
Introduction of IoT-Based Surrogate Parameters in the Ex-Post Countermeasure of Industrial Sectors in Integrated Permit Policy
Authors: Park Jae Hong , Kang Phil Goo , Kim Eunseok , Kim Tae Woo , Kim Gahee , Seok Heejeong , Seo Jinwon
Published: December 2021

New approaches and techniques are required for environmental management in workplaces that emit pollutants. The best available techniques (BATs) that are suggested by the integrated environmental permit system (IEPS) play a pivotal role in providing state-of-the-art approaches and techniques to workplaces. For the workplaces that install facilities with the BATs, it is necessary to perform real-time monitoring to determine whether pollutant emission facilities and treatment facilities are operating normally and whether such facilities can maintain the optimal condition during the emission of pollutants. The environmental management measures used before the IEPS had limitations for workplaces that are subjected to integrated environmental management because they consider the entire workplace as a single pollution source by combining all media. In addition, only the emission concentrations and amounts of pollutants were monitored because only the points at which most pollutants are discharged, i.e., stacks for air pollutant emission facilities and final effluent outlets for water pollutant emission facilities, are monitored. These monitoring approaches in a variety of facilities involve considerable costs, and most of them (95% for stacks in workplaces under IEPS, Korea) cannot perform real-time observation even though some of them are capable of it (5% for stacks managed by Tele Monitoring System, TMS). In this study, the applicability of a wireless sensor monitoring network was examined as a new approach for environmental management in workplaces. Based on the sensor monitoring network, surrogate parameters that can indirectly monitor the critical operating factors of pollutant emission and prevention facilities were developed and then measured in real time to examine the status of these facilities. Surrogate parameters can be used instead of directly measuring pollutants as the former has high efficiency, such as cost reduction, and can provide reliable data on the emission characteristics of pollutants. The wireless network is based on an Internet of Things (IoT) platform under real-time conditions in the emission and production facilities in a workplace. This study suggested that a wireless network using the IoT platform improves the BAT assessment methodology to understand the efficiency of environmental pollution reduction and the economic contribution to the workplace.
Optimization of Chitosan Surface Response Methodology (Natural and Commercial) Used for Chromium Ion Removal from Wastewater across Different Parameters
Authors: Sheta Mai , Yousry Basant , Zattot Ahmed , Taha Nahla A.
Published: December 2021

Chromium is one of the most significant metals used in the industry. There are many techniques for treating different types of industrial waste water that include chromium ion. In this study, the authors successfully adsorbed the chromium ion from alkaline aqueous solutions using different prepared types of chitosan as adsorbent materials. For the simultaneous sorption behaviour, the adsorption potential of the produced adsorbent was investigated for Cr+6 in a batch system. Natural chitosan was extracted from shrimp shell as it contains about 8–10% chitin which is used in the production of chitosan. The removal percentage of Cr+6 reached 99% after grafting natural and commercial chitosan at specific conditions. Several isotherm models have been used for mechanistic studies. The results indicated that the adsorption data for commercial chitosan is well-fitted by the Freundlich isotherm, Langmuir for commercial grafted, natural and natural grafted chitosan. Kinetic and equilibrium studies showed that the experimental data of Cr+6 were better described by the pseudo-first-order model for commercial chitosan and fitted the pseudo-second-order model for different types of chitosan used. Significantly, in order to scale this effective strategy on an industrial scale, response surface methodology (RSM) was used as a modelling tool to optimise process parameters such as ion concentrations, utilising Statistica Software.
What Factors Affect the RMB Carry Trade Return for Sustainability? An Empirical Analysis by Using an ARDL Model
Authors: Zhang Ziyun , Guo Sen
Published: December 2021

With the internationalization of RMB and the openness of China’s capital account, the amount of foreign institutions investing in China has increased significantly. Based on China’s daily data from January 2007 to September 2021, this study investigated the factors that affect the RMB carry-trade return for sustainability. By comparing the results of the carry return before and after the foreign-exchange reform on 11 August 2015, this study found that the RMB carry return has become more traceable after the exchange-rate reform. Meanwhile, the model fitting degree of explaining the RMB carry return was higher, and there were fewer missing variables. Therefore, this study found that after the RMB-exchange-rate mechanism became more market oriented, the RMB carry return became more reasonable, and the carry trade can play a better role in foreign-exchange pricing. Meanwhile, after using the RMB non-deliverable forwards (NDF) to construct a carry-trade position to perform the robustness test, such results were consistent. With different results before and after the exchange-rate reform, this study can provide references for policy makers and investors for sustainable development.
A New Conservative Hyperchaotic System-Based Image Symmetric Encryption Scheme with DNA Coding
Authors: Lu Qing , Yu Linlan , Zhu Congxu
Published: December 2021

In the current paper, a new conservative hyperchaotic system is proposed. We make a quantitative analysis of the complexity of the conservative hyperchaotic system from several different aspects, such as phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and Kaplan–Yorke dimension. The complexity of chaotic time series is tested with various measurement tools, such as the scale index, the multiscale sample entropy and approximate entropy, TESTU01, and NIST test. In addition, a novel hyperchao-based image encryption scheme with dynamic DNA coding is proposed. The encryption algorithm consists of line-by-line scrambling and diffusion of DNA encoding characters. The dynamic DNA coding mechanism is introduced by using the chaotic sequence. The generation of the intermediate secret keys is related to the sum of the image DNA code, and the ciphertext feedback mechanism of the DNA encoding image is introduced in the diffusion procedure. Simulation experiments and various security analyses show that this algorithm has a good effect on encryption, high time efficiency, and can effectively resist brute force attacks, statistical attacks, chosen-plaintext attacks, and differential attacks.
Temporal Dynamics of Event-Related Potentials during Inhibitory Control Characterize Age-Related Neural Compensation
Authors: Paitel Elizabeth R. , Nielson Kristy A.
Published: December 2021

Aging is accompanied by frontal lobe and non-dominant hemisphere recruitment that supports executive functioning, such as inhibitory control, which is crucial to all cognitive functions. However, the spatio-temporal sequence of processing underlying successful inhibition and how it changes with age is understudied. Thus, we capitalized on the temporal precision of event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess the functional lateralization of N200 (conflict monitoring) and P300 (inhibitory performance evaluation) in young and healthy older adults during comparably performed successful stop-signal inhibition. We additionally used temporal principal components analysis (PCA) to further interrogate the continuous spatio-temporal dynamics underlying N200 and P300 activation for each group. Young adults demonstrated left hemisphere-dominant N200, while older adults demonstrated overall larger amplitudes and right hemisphere dominance. N200 activation was explained by a single PCA factor in both age groups, but with a more anterior scalp distribution in older adults. The P300 amplitudes were larger in the right hemisphere in young, but bilateral in old, with old larger than young in the left hemisphere. P300 was also explained by a single factor in young adults but by two factors in older adults, including distinct parieto-occipital and anterior activation. These findings highlight the differential functional asymmetries of conflict monitoring (N200) and inhibitory evaluation and adaptation (P300) processes and further illuminate unique age-related spatio-temporal recruitment patterns. Older adults demonstrated lateralized recruitment during conflict processing and bilateral recruitment during evaluation and adaptation, with anterior recruitment common to both processes. These fine-grained analyses are critically important for more precise understanding of age-related compensatory activation.
An Uncertain APP Model with Allowed Stockout and Service Level Constraint for Vegetables
Authors: Ning Yufu , Pang Na , Wang Shuai , Chen Xiumei
Published: December 2021

Volatile markets and uncertain deterioration rate make it extremely difficult for manufacturers to make the quantity of saleable vegetables just meet the fluctuating demands, which will lead to inevitable out of stock or over production. Aggregate production planning (APP) is to find the optimal yield of vegetables, shortage and overstock symmetry, are not conducive to the final benefit.The essence of aggregate production planning is to deal with the symmetrical relation between shortage and overproduction. In order to reduce the adverse effects caused by shortage, we regard the service level as an important constraint to meet the customer demand and ensure the market share. So an uncertain aggregate production planning model for vegetables under condition of allowed stockout and considering service level constraint is constructed, whose objective is to find the optimal output while minimizing the expected total cost. Moreover, two methods are proposed in different cases to solve the model. A crisp equivalent form can be transformed when uncertain variables obey linear uncertain distributions and for general case, a hybrid intelligent algorithm integrating the 99-method and genetic algorithm is employed. Finally, two numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Symmetry of Syzygies of a System of Functional Equations Defining a Ring Homomorphism
Authors: Ger Roman
Published: December 2021

I deal with an alienation problem for the system of two fundamental Cauchy functional equations with an unknown function f mapping a ring X into an integral domain Y and preserving binary operations of addition and multiplication, respectively. The resulting syzygies obtained by adding (resp. multiplying) these two equations side by side are discussed. The first of these two syzygies was first examined by Jean Dhombres in 1988 who proved that under some additional conditions concering the domain and range rings it forces f to be a ring homomorphism (alienation phenomenon). The novelty of the present paper is to look for sufficient conditions upon f solving the other syzygy to be alien.
Convolutional Neural Network Addresses the Confounding Impact of CT Reconstruction Kernels on Radiomics Studies
Authors: Yoon Jin H. , Sun Shawn H. , Xiao Manjun , Yang Hao , Lu Lin , Li Yajun , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Zhao Binsheng
Published: December 2021

Achieving high feature reproducibility while preserving biological information is one of the main challenges for the generalizability of current radiomics studies. Non-clinical imaging variables, such as reconstruction kernels, have shown to significantly impact radiomics features. In this study, we retrain an open-source convolutional neural network (CNN) to harmonize computerized tomography (CT) images with various reconstruction kernels to improve feature reproducibility and radiomic model performance using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation prediction in lung cancer as a paradigm. In the training phase, the CNN was retrained and tested on 32 lung cancer patients’ CT images between two different groups of reconstruction kernels (smooth and sharp). In the validation phase, the retrained CNN was validated on an external cohort of 223 lung cancer patients’ CT images acquired using different CT scanners and kernels. The results showed that the retrained CNN could be successfully applied to external datasets with different CT scanner parameters, and harmonization of reconstruction kernels from sharp to smooth could significantly improve the performance of radiomics model in predicting EGFR mutation status in lung cancer. In conclusion, the CNN based method showed great potential in improving feature reproducibility and generalizability by harmonizing medical images with heterogeneous reconstruction kernels.
Hip Flexibility and Dynamic Balance Ability in Soccer Players with Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Tamura Akihiro , Shimura Keita , Inoue Yuri
Published: December 2021

The prevention of recurrent ankle sprain and functional ankle instability in soccer players is essential. This study clarified hip joint mobility and dynamic balance ability in soccer players with functional ankle instability. This case–control study included 17 male college soccer players. All participants were assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and were divided into chronic ankle instability (CAI) and non-CAI groups for each of their dominant and nondominant legs. Bilateral passive hip range of motion (ROM) was assessed and the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) was measured for each leg. In the dominant leg, the reach in the posterolateral direction in the CAI group was significantly less than that in the non-CAI group. Hip internal rotation angles in the dominant leg in the CAI group were greater than those in the non-CAI group; however, no significant correlations with the three directions of mSEBT were observed. In the nondominant leg, mSEBT and hip ROMs did not show any significant differences between groups. The dominant leg in soccer players with CAI had poor dynamic balance ability while reaching posterolaterally. However, acquiring hip flexibility may not be necessary to improve the dynamic balance ability. These findings may help develop future research.
Prognostic and Diagnostic Significance of Platelet Indices in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Mukhiya Gulshan Kumar , Mukhiya Geeta W , Jain Neelam , Mukhiya Khushi
Published: December 2021

Some prognostic markers have been shown to determine the course and survival of Urothelial Cancer. A cross-sectional retrospective study, specifically looking at the role that various indices related to platelets—namely Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), platelet count and MPV/Platelet ratio—play in the diagnosis and prognosis of urinary bladder cancer, was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan (India) between January 2016 and August 2021 and included 76 patients who underwent multicore TURBT biopsy. Complete Blood Count (CBC) was used to determine platelet count, MPV and MPV/Platelet ratio. Platelet count was found to be more elevated in patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma and muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma as compared to patients with low grade urothelial carcinoma and non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (p < 0.05). The median MPV and MPV/PLT ratio was found to be significantly lower in patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma and muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma as compared to patients with low grade urothelial carcinoma and non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (p < 0.05). Thus, platelet indices can be useful supportive prognostic and diagnostic indicators in the determination of the clinical outcome of urothelial carcinoma.
A NARX Model to Predict Cabin Air Temperature to Ameliorate HVAC Functionality
Authors: Kolachalama Srikanth , Malik Hafiz
Published: December 2021

Vehicular technology has integrated many features in the system, which enhances the safety and comfort of the user. Among these features, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the only feature that maintains the set cabin air temperature (CAT). The user’s command drives the set CAT, and the thermostat provides feedback to the HVAC to maintain the set CAT. The CAT is increased by extracting the heat from the engine surface produced by the fuel combustion, whereas the CAT is reduced by the known processes of the air conditioning system (ACS). Therefore, the CAT driven by the user’s command may not be optimal, and estimating the optimal CAT is still unsolved. In this work, we propose a new process where the user can input a range for CAT instead of a single value. Optimal HVAC criteria were defined, and the CAT was estimated by performing iterative analysis in the user-selected range satisfying the criteria. The HVAC criteria were defined based on two measurable parameters: air conditioning refrigerant fluid pressure (ACRFP) and engine surface temperature (EST) empirically defined as the vector CATOP. In this article, a NARX DL model was used by mapping the vehicle-level vectors (VLV) to predict the CATOP in real-time using field data obtained from a 2020 Cadillac CT5 test vehicle. Utilising the DL model, CATOP for future time steps was predicted by varying the CAT in the definite range and applying HVAC criteria. Thus, an optimal set CAT was estimated, corresponding to the optimal CATOP defined by the HVAC criteria. We performed the validation of the DL model for multiple datasets using traditional statistical techniques, namely, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, first-order derivatives (FOD), and root-mean-square error (RMSE).
Value and motivation orientations nurses
Authors: Dashuk Svetlana Anatolyevna , Kuznetsov Alexander Ivanovich
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to determine the value-motivational orientations of nurses. Results. Assessment of the effectiveness of nursing staff motivation management includes two types of assessment: assessment of economic efficiency (productivity, cost, profitability, quality of personnel labor) and assessment of social performance (commitment of personnel to their company, attitude of employees to work with high returns in its interests, degree of satisfaction basic needs of workers). Conclusion. Nowadays, social efficiency, the commitment of nurses to the organization in which they work, is of particular importance. The proposed means of motivation will support the socio-psychological climate in the team and increase the commitment of employees to the organization.
Religious stereotypes in labour relations
Authors: Pogodina Irina Vladimirovna , Kulakova Olga Sergeevna
Published: December 2021

Religious attitudes have an impact on labor relations. The spiritual convictions of believers can limit human behavior to some extent. Compliance with the principle of freedom of conscience and religion predetermines the need to take into account the religious beliefs of people involved in labor relations. In this regard, the article examines the influence of religious beliefs on the labor activity of a person living in a secular state. The authors discuss the issue of discrimination against workers on religious grounds, as well as the need to provide workers with the right to express their religious affiliation while participating in labor activities. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/religious-stereotypes-in-labour-relations/74961.html
Some Problems of Employees Exercising The right to Information
Authors: Kuchina Yu.A.
Published: December 2021

The right of an employee to complete reliable information on working conditions and occupational safety requirements is not always accompanied by a clear mechanism for its realization. The article justifies the need to establish in the labor law the obligations of the employer to respond to written requests of the employee, to take into account the characteristics of the employee in the perception of information. The author also proposes not to limit the scope of information exclusively to labor protection issues, but to inform employees about their labor rights in general.
Federal Physical Industry Agreement Culture and Sports: Controversial Provisions
Authors: Petrov A. Ya.
Published: December 2021

In the article, on the basis of the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the doctrine of modern labor law, an analysis of the Tripartite sectoral agreement on organizations in the field of physical culture and sports was carried out, and proposals for its improvement were formulated.
Kenneth S. Stern’s, The Conflict Over the Conflict: The Israel/Palestine Campus Debate[2020 Toronto and Buffalo: The New Jewish Press/University of Toronto Press. $29.95]
Authors: Jacobs Steven Leonard
Published: December 2021

The Conflict Over the Conflict is an important contribution to the overall literature regarding the (seeming) turmoil on many of our college and university campuses—but not all, including my own where controversial issues surface rarely if at all—vis-à-vis the Israel/Palestine conflict, free speech and controversial speakers, and the like. Stern brings to the discussion not only his lawyerly training and his skill set, but, as of late, his directorship of the academic Bard College Center for the Study of Hate and thus combining both with a singular focus. Even more importantly, perhaps, his firm commitment to the campus as the locale for both the “free and open marketplace of ideas” and the true responsibility to teach properly young and growing minds capable of learning and discerning truth from falsehood and distortion shine forth with crystal clarity.
Santé publique et économie de la santé : ébauche d'un bilan
Authors: Riou Françoise
Published: December 2021

Public health and the economics of health : a rough evaluation.

Public health and the economics of health have a common purpose : the optimization of health options. Various professional origins have permitted the protagonists to clain their specificity in a changing field.

Anyhow, other lines of différenciation exist ; they are related to strategic choices (the positioning of both actors and administrators of medical care) or theoretical ones.
L'économie de la santé à la croisée des chemins
Authors: Moatti Jean-Paul
Published: December 2021

The economics of health in search of its way.

Since the 70's, the development of health economics research in France has met some significant difficulties. For the author, one basic reason for such difficulties lies in the limited attempt to clarify the theoretical foundations of empirical work. An illustration is given in the field of applications of economic analysis (cost/effectiveness, cost/benefit...) to evaluation of medical procedures or public health programmes. Practical consequences of these methodological debates for resource allocation in the health care system are evoked in conclusion.
Alcool et économie de la santé
Authors: Delande Guy
Published: December 2021

Le thème abordé dans cet article est assez insolite et trouve sa justification dans le fait que l'économie de la santé constitue un outil indispensable de la santé publique et que l'alcool et la politique de l'alcool posent un problème majeur de santé publique.

Après un rappel rapide de la problématique de l'économie de la santé, sont abordés en 2e partie les enjeux socio-économiques du secteur alcool. Les éléments disponibles pour dresser un bilan économique sont encore très largement incoordonnés, ce qui conduit à s'interroger sur l'insuffisance d'une approche économique et sur l'intérêt de son dépassement afin de dégager quelques linéaments sommaires d'une stratégie possible.
Pour une politique de santé publique : les propositions du «Groupe des Cinq»
Authors: Grémy François
Published: December 2021

For a public health policy : the proposals of the «Group of Five ».

A working group of five experts has proposed to the french governement the frame of a public health policy, with the specific aims of reducing the social inequalitties in mortality and morbidity, and of protecting youth against dangerous behavior.

The main points are :

-suppressing completely every form of publicity, direct or indirect, in favor of any form of tabacco,

-reducing the publicity for alcoholic beverages in the press read by adults,

-increasing the prices of tabacco and alcohol,

-organizing campaigns for screeming and early diagnosis of breast and cervix cancers,

-reinforcing the operationnal tools of the ministery of Health.
La firme-réseau : mode ou modèle ?
Authors: Pache Gilles
Published: December 2021

La firme-réseau se présente aujourd'hui comme un modèle alternatif à l'intégration verticale. Elle noue de multiples relations d'échange avec des acteurs économiques. Flexible et adaptative, la firme-réseau coordonne ainsi rigoureusement un ensemble de compétences en formant une sorte de sous-marché contractuel. Cette nouvelle logique d'action modifie en profondeur les formes du pouvoir décisionnel.
Identité et culture : concepts fondateurs ou phénomènes de mode ?
Authors: Caune Jean
Published: December 2021

Identity and culture : basic concepts or fashion phenomenae ?

The concept of corporate culture legitimates the idea of management made necessary by the adaptation of the employees to the eventual changes brought about by the economical crisis. The consequences expected from the culture produced by the institution, over the process of change and the fact of belonging to the entreprise, explain this reference.

How could that culture becomes so operational as to lead the social changes ? And how should we interpret the relationship of this culture with the identity of the firm ? Identity and corporate culture are considered at two interrelated levels : the individual and the structure of the organisation ; organisation and society.

The aim of this article is to show in what theorical conditions the relationship between identity and culture may be designed both as a built social and a semiotic relationship.
Appropriation des technologies de communication et conflit de modèles. Le cas des PME et du vidéotex
Authors: Mayère Anne
Published: December 2021

Les modèles actuels de l'entreprise sont en bonne part indissociables des références à l'information, à la communication, et aux technologies associées. En observant les représentations de l'information et de la communication qui s'affrontent lors de la mise en place d'une nouvelle technologie, on peut mesurer l'ampleur du spectre des significations mobilisées sous un même terme, et la diversité associée des modèles de «l'entreprise communicante ».

On peut trouver dans ces conflits de modèles des tentatives de légitimation professionnelle et sociale relativement classiques. Mais aussi on peut interpréter les débats sur les modèles comme étant articulés sur des enjeux économiques très directs, qui concernent la définition et la répartition de la valeur ajoutée économiquement validée.
Les perspectives historiographiques de la frontière pyrénéenne : thèmes fondateurs et nouveaux liens transfrontaliers
Authors: Allinne Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2021

La frontière pyrénéenne est, depuis le Moyen-Âge, une frontière-zone, négociée entre des populations valléennes concurrentes pour un espace pastoral longtemps trop rare. Ce fragile équilibre homme/nature préfigure les réseaux transfrontaliers du Nord et de l'Est de l'Europe de part et d'autre d'une ligne politique imposée. Il annonce le flou juridique au cœur du phénomène transfrontalier. Les actuels partenariats franco-espagnols ont trop tendance à valoriser ce patrimoine coutumier commun pour masquer leurs difficultés structurelles.
Le potentiel international des PME en Alsace
Authors: Obrecht Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2021

Dans une région déjà fortement internationalisée comme l'Alsace, les véritables PME occupent souvent des secteurs dont la position est faible en termes de commerce extérieur français, alors que les filiales des groupes français ou étrangers occupent des secteurs plutôt forts de même que les grandes entreprises ou unités d'établissement. On le montre à travers l'étude des secteurs « points forts » et « points faibles » des cinq grandes filières constitutives du système productif régional.
Entreprises et travail frontalier dans la partie médiane de l'arc jurassien
Authors: Chevailler Jean-Claude , Sordoillet Guillaume
Published: December 2021

The number of workers who cross each day the frontier between Basel and Geneva to go to work in Switzerland has considerably increased these last years. By analyzing the industrial network ; the way the firms and the employees behave ; the important demographic changes or the efficiency of the productive systems, it is possible to stress the main causes of this phenomenon.
L 'espace transfrontalier de la Communauté de Travail du Jura. Les stratégies des entreprises
Authors: Maillat Denis , Vasserot Jean-Yves
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the strategies wich companies in the Swiss Jura Arc have adopted with a view to completion of the Single Internal Market. The results of a survey of selected companies show that the strategies in question concern mainly locating in a Member State of the Community, cooperation or partnership agreements and changes in the companies' organisation. The problems are analyzed in terms of the special characteristics of the cross-border area formed by the Swiss Jura Arc and Franche-Comté.
Expressions extrêmes : frontières, limites, bords. Le monde tel qu 'il se découpe
Authors: Sorbets Claude
Published: December 2021

This article purposes to be a reflexion on such notions as «boundaries », «limits » and «peripheries ». The core of the analysis deals with potential and actual Expressions of what our world is said to be. In the background of this study, which will take its points of reference from several linguistic fields, are given some landmarks on current issues, on complexity and on the universality of «problems » and their «treatment ».
Créations visuelles et styles cognitifs
Authors: Sauvageot Anne
Published: December 2021

Le regard, interface obligé entre l'individu et son milieu, s'est modifié au cours des siècles. Il est en effet socialement produit parce qu'il est conditionné, normalisé par le jeu des formes : environnement, codes figuratifs... Mais il est aussi producteur du social puisque, en retour, le voir est générateur de savoir. A l'intérieur d'une histoire des formes culturelles — art et science — l'objectif est ainsi de saisir l'interdépendance des modes visuels et des rationalités.
Réel, virtuel et fiction
Authors: De Kerckhove Derrick
Published: December 2021

Les frontières entre le réel, le virtuel et la fiction s'estompent de plus en plus. La déconstruction progressive des sources théoriques et sensorielles de l'effet de réalité est une invitation à explorer les «alentours de l'esprit ». L'expérimentation virtuelle nourrie par la «fiction scientifique », la fin du passage obligé par l'élaboration littéraire, ouvrent sans cesse de nouveaux chantiers — à la fois conceptuels et sensoriels — qui modifient totalement les conditions de la création.
Création et mémoire : les limites de l'artifice
Authors: Breton Philippe
Published: December 2021

Many people today consider the computer to be, itself, gifted wih a creative potential. In this particular area technology has become invested with a mythical dimension. The purpose of this article is to show that the computer memory is in no wy to be compared with human memory. Viewed from this perspective the creative act could only be attributed to a machine by falsifying the meaning of the words we use or by deforming the meaning of this fundamental human activity.
Les médias et l'imaginaire du sport : de la culture de masse à la post-modernité
Authors: Chazaud Pierre
Published: December 2021

Avec le passage de la modernité à la post-modernité, on assiste progressivement et de manière encore souterraine au glissement des modèles culturels du sport qui ont été omniprésents dans tout le XXe siècle. Les arts plastiques, à leur manière, traduisent bien ce passage d'une esthétique de la transcendance, qui exalte l'héroïsme du champion sur le mode stéréotypé de l'image d'Epinal, à une esthétique de la distanciation et de la déconstruction. L'ère de la consommation a d'abord sécrété un sport-marchandise. Ensuite et progressivement le sport est devenu un cynique happening, un imaginaire de pacotille.
Éthique et management des hommes
Authors: Delpérier Alain
Published: December 2021

L'éthique aurait pour objectif de faire respecter l'homme au travail, de responsabiliser les individus et de créer une communauté de valeurs. Pour cerner ce concept dans son application au monde de l'entreprise, il est nécessaire, d'une part, d'éviter la dérive des discours (utilitarisme, sentimentalité...) et, d'autre part, d'être conscient des dangers qu'implique sa mise en œuvre (paternalisme, totalitarisme, manipulation). Ne conviendrait-il pas d'invoquer la morale ?
Le recrutement externe à la Poste, France-Télécom, EDF-GDF et la SNCF
Authors: Barreau Jocelyne , Ménard Jean-Yves
Published: December 2021

Recruitment procedures for external candidates in the organizations studied in this article have several points in common : the connection between the level of diploma and the level at which one enters the organization, recruitment difficulties at certain diploma levels, weakly developed integration procedures. But they are different from the point of view of channels of entry, modes and criteria of selection and their duration. Finally, in every case, the tendency towards «debureaucratisation » leads to a modification of the recruitment procedures.
La division du travail
Authors: Liesse André
Published: December 2021

André Liesse (1854-1944), disciple of the liberal economist John Stuart Mill, undertakes here to define the concept of the division of labour before going on to analyse the «various combinations of labour ». Finally he inclines towards the limits of the concept, tied particularly to the nature of labour and to the extent of the markt. This text betrays, viewed synthetically, a vision of labour strongly influenced by the conditions of production and the dominant ideologies of the 19th. century.
Les réseaux hybrides d'intelligence ?
Authors: Turner William. A.
Published: December 2021

The writer presents here a programme of research which relates to the social and organisational dimensions of intelligence and more particularly studies the circulation of documents on electronic supports. This circulation corresponds to the flows of information which are constantly liable to call into question our established systems of representation. Indeed these flows call into question our capacity correctly to simplify the complexity of reality. This poses a difficult problem for the efficacity of our scientific, economic and social actions. It poses the question of the pertinence of strategic thinking.
Crise de la stratégie, émergence d'une nouvelle économie politique de l'intelligence
Authors: Noyer Jean-Max
Published: December 2021

In this paper the author shows how the new strategic situation, the crisis of strategic thinking in Europe, could be approached with more efficiency and in a more democratic way. The shows how the new technologies of Information/Communication can contribute to a better understanding of the design problem encountered in building a distributed information strategic system. The question is not a trivial one. Consequently, attempting to overcome the crisis of strategy, the increasing urgency for a new European and Autonomous strategic thinking, he explains that dealing with the emergence of a «New Political Economy of Intelligence » could be extremely promising. He suggests that new cogni¬ tive engineering approaches to the design of information systems could be developed so as to reinforce cooperative features of the cognitive process.
L'Information Scientifique et Technique dans la presse interne des entreprises
Authors: Silem Ahmed
Published: December 2021

The present article offers a thematical content analysis centered on the transmitting of technological messages through the house organ. The purpose of this empirical research is, on the one hand to show the place of technological information in the house organs and, on the other hand, to determine the types of logic implied.
Mobilisation de la recherche et politiques urbaines
Authors: Gaudin Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2021

En 1991, une démarche sans précédent en France a mis en place les modalités d'un débat entre chercheurs et décideurs au cours du processus d'élaboration de la loi «d'orientation pour la ville ».

Cet article est consacré à l'analyse de ce processus et de ses significations. On s'interrogera en particulier sur la spécificité de la démarche par rapport à d'autres pays où la distance entre recherche et action serait traditionnellement moins grande, ou bien qui auraient été marqués par des courants intellectuels différents dans l'approche de la société urbaine.
Marseille à l'écran ou la poétique d'une ville
Authors: Peyrusse Claudette
Published: December 2021

Poétique de Marseille à l'écran. Essai de compréhension de l'évolution des représentations, du passage d'une image heureuse à une image névrotique où le bonheur ne peut surgir que du fantasme du passé ; prise en compte des lieux de la ville (dont l'élection, la présence, l'avènement ou la disparition, ne s'explique pas uniquement par l'évolution urbaine) en les liant à la thématique dont ils sont solidaires. Surgissent deux modèles de ville en apparence contradictoires, double réponse à la même angoisse devant la modernité et la violence urbaines.
Rhétorique de l'expertise. Le cas de l'économie
Authors: Maris Bernard
Published: December 2021

This article shows how around the political discourse of the state an expert economic rhetoric was originally elaborated under a statistical form. Statistics enable through the large numbers law to objectivize the future while giving the expert discourse a mythical or augural sense. At the same time, this rhetoric is looking for its authority in an economic science, particularly over the short period 1945-1973. The analysis of the French economic policy discourse suggests that this discourse -torn between disturbing «stylized facts » and the denial of science -must, beyond the market theory, look for other reassuring notions.
L'expertise en information
Authors: Guyot Brigitte
Published: December 2021

Experts are playing an increasing part within companies. This is also true for information experts. The functions of consultants, advisers and experts, are of several types : a methodological function, to reor ganize car develop a department (it provides a transfer of information, knowledge and know-how) ; an advisory function to validate scientific or technical information, which is performed at the strategic level. And activities of subcontractors, in certain cases. All this indicates a sector under structuration.
Analyse des organisations et entreprise. Points de repère issus de la notion de pouvoir
Authors: Jameux Claude
Published: December 2021

In this article we hope to clear the lines of force for a reflection on power and the firm. Starting from questions about the connections between power, decision making, information and coordination, we propose a more rigorous conceptual and methodological study which will lead to an opening up of the analysis of the connections between power and the firm. We thus aim to establish a general pattern of interpretation of power and powers in their relations with the firm.
Apprentissage organisationnel et ensemble régulatoire. Le cas des comités de groupe européen
Authors: Richez-Battesti Nadine
Published: December 2021

This paper analyses the codification process of the right of access to information for workers in European multinational companies (EMC). It is a twofold process characterized by the collective learning by the «field actors » within group committees created in some EMC and the setting-up of a legal basis valid at the European Community level. These two movements contribute to the emergence of a complex regulatory set which associates various actors (representatives of employees, of employers, of States) at various levels (local, national, European), and various regulatory modes (legislative, negotiatory). The implementation of such a process seems to be the very condition of a renewal of European social regulation.