bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exertional Heat Stroke at the Boston Marathon: Demographics and the Environment
Authors: BRESLOW REBECCA G. , COLLINS JAMIE E. , TROYANOS CHRIS , COHEN MYLAN C. , D’HEMECOURT PIERRE , DYER K. SOPHIA , BAGGISH AARON
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to assess associations between exertional heat stroke (EHS) and sex, age, prior performance, and environmental conditions, and report on resources needed for EHS cases at the Boston Marathon.

Methods

We analyzed participant characteristics, environmental data, and EHS medical encounters during the 2015–2019 Boston Marathon races.

Results

Among 136,161 starters, there was an incidence of 3.7 EHS cases per 10,000 starters (95% confidence interval, 2.8–4.9), representing 0.5% of all medical encounters. There were significant associations between sex and age (P < 0.0001), sex and start wave (P < 0.0001), and age group and start wave (P < 0.0001). Sex was not significantly associated with increased EHS incidence; however, age younger than 30 yr and assignment to the first two start waves were. All cases occurred at races with average wet bulb globe temperatures of 17°C–20°C. There was a linear correlation between EHS incidence and greater increases in wet bulb globe temperature from start to peak (R
2 = 0.7688). A majority of cases (37; 72.5%) were race finishers; nonfinishers all presented after mile 18. Most were triaged 3–4 h after starting, and all were treated with ice water immersion. Treatment times were prolonged (mean (SD), 78.1 (47.5) min; range, 15–190 min); 29.4% (15 cases) developed posttreatment hypothermia, and 35.3% (18 cases) were given intravenous fluids. Most (31 cases; 64.6%) were discharged directly, although 16 cases (33.3%) required hospital transport. There were no fatalities.

Conclusions

Younger and faster runners are at higher risk for EHS at the Boston Marathon. Greater increases in heat stress from start to peak during a marathon may exacerbate risk. EHS encounters comprise a small percentage of race-day medical encounters but require extensive resources and warrant risk mitigation efforts.
Methods of hygienic education of children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Karaseva Tat'yana , Tolstova Svetlana , Tolstov Sergey , Vorob'eva Svetlana
Published: March 2021

The textbook contains theoretical aspects of hygiene education for children with intellectual disabilities, a program of hygiene education, as well as a methodology for evaluating its effectiveness. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of pedagogical and psychological areas of training of teachers, doctors, specialists of special educational institutions, boarding schools for children with intellectual disabilities, parents raising children with disabilities.
Development of mental activity of preschool children
Authors: Vahrusheva Lyudmila
Published: March 2021

The textbook reveals the general issues of organizing the mental activity of preschool children: the development of mental actions and mental abilities, the features of developing, problem-based learning and its methods, the meaning and place of active methods of organizing mental activity in pedagogical work with children, the technology of using active learning tools — intellectual games and cognitive fairy tales. For the organization of independent work of students, sample topics of seminars, practical classes, questions for the test, the final test of the discipline are offered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education institutions of pedagogical profile, students of the system of additional professional education( advanced training), practitioners of preschool educational institutions and all those who are interested in the development of the mental activity of preschoolers.
Theory and practice of personalized learning
Authors: Kondrat'ev Sergey
Published: March 2021

The monograph presents the psychological theory and organization of personalized learning in general education schools. The concept of integrative subjectivity of a person as a form of reflexive and areflexive self-existence is considered as the psychological basis of personalized learning. The author characterizes the personality and the social individual in the light of the humanitarian Christian paradigm: reveals the phenomenology of integrative subjectivity, its structural organization, levels and forms of development of the individual and the social individual. From the standpoint of the Christian psychology of education, the general psychological and socio-psychological aspects of personalized learning are revealed, the psychological typification of students and teachers is justified, the extraordinary pedagogical interaction as a psychological mechanism of personalized learning is presented, the experimental construction of psychological types of primary school students based on the perception of educational material, as well as the typological features of teachers. Technologies of personalized learning are presented. The monograph reflects the results of many years of theoretical and experimental research of the author. It is of interest to seminarians, students, postgraduates of Orthodox educational institutions, students of Higher theological courses, faculties of advanced training and retraining, as well as philosophers, psychologists, teachers, social workers, and specialists in the field of education.
The national idea of Russia in the world-historical progress of equality, freedom and justice. Manifesto on Islam
Authors: Nersesyanc Vladik
Published: March 2021

The article substantiates the doctrine of Zionism as a post-socialist system and the national idea of modern Russia. The basis of civilizationism is civil property, the right of every citizen to an equal share of the socialist inheritance (national property). In the current circumstances, to achieve a real socio-political agreement in the country, to overcome the war for property, to really recognize the results of previous reforms by society and to support new transformations, a fair social contract on the creation of a civil property fund is necessary.
System-Integral Interdisciplinary Methodology - Qualitatively New Tools of General and Professional Education in the Context of the Second Industrialization of Russia
Authors: Potehin Nikolay , Potehin Viktor
Published: March 2021

The education system is a key element in the progress or degradation of the country's population and economy. Formed in the present education system of Russia according to the Bologna models and the patterns aimed at stupefying the total population, a sharp decline of scientific progress in social production and increased dependence on foreign manufacturers and managers of the domestic financial and resource wealth. The way out of this deadlock circle of problems is in the revival of the advanced positions of the former soviet education system on a qualitatively new scientific basis, theory and system-holistic methodology, providing a full knowledge of the phenomena of nature and society in conditions of certainty. Existing methodologies of partial cognition in conditions of high degree of uncertainty and subjectivity of representation are based on outdated and inadequate theories.

System-holistic interdisciplinary methodology is characterized by a set of necessary and sufficient for objective and complete knowledge of the conceptual tools that allow you to accurately, fully and adequately understand the socio-economic processes, to lead the knowledge immediately from the general to the specific, thereby reducing the multiple time and resources for the process of knowledge. It is based on a qualitatively new scientific basis, objective theory, uses objective units of dimensions of physical quantities (kWh and the like), takes into account in the knowledge and management of the action of an expanded set of universal and socio-economic laws of human development-society in nature. A deeper analysis of the set of laws allowed us to identify the main goal of human development-society and the main socio-economic forms of manifestation of the laws: useful costs-results, useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. There are no other socio-economic forms of human activity. Therefore, the main goal of human development-society in nature is to increase the share of useful and reduce the share of useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. This is the basis for the preservation of civilization on Earth. The technique, technology, organization, education system used serve only as forms of manifestation of life that contribute to or hinder the progress of mankind. The implementation of the Second industrialization of Russia is aimed at a radical solution to the ever-increasing complex of internal and external problems in modern conditions. A key element of the successful implementation of this large-scale strategic program is the immediate introduction of a fundamentally new education system that ensures high rates of economic growth and well-being of the entire population of Russia.
Russian Federation in Trade in Services with Foreign Countries (on the Example of Turkey)
Authors: Sechkin M.
Published: March 2021

In the article the study of relations between Russia and Turkey in the field of trade in services. The article examines the current state of Russian-Turkish cooperation in the field of trade in services, presents statistical data on the volume of trade in services, the main areas of trade in services, identifies priority and promising areas of cooperation.
Diversity of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in an Atlantic forest fragment in Rio das Ostras, RJ, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Morim Gomes Marina , Antunes de Mello-Patiu Cátia
Published: March 2021

Sarcophagidae is a family of Diptera with medical-veterinary importance, which have species with sarcosaprophagous, necrophagous or causing-myiasis larvae, among others. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has 92 municipalities, but only 26 have sarcophagid records and the municipality of Rio das Ostras is one of the least registered, with only nine species recorded. This works aimed to increase the knowledge of flesh fly diversity in a conservation unit of this municipality, the “Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico de Itapebussus”. The study was conducted in restinga and semideciduous forest. We used modified Van Someren-Rydon traps baited with decayed fish, and the samples were taken in dry and rainy seasons. A total of 446 male sarcophagines of 18 species of the genera Oxysarcodexia, Peckia, Ravinia, Sarcofahrtiopsis, and Titanogrypa were collected. We found 13 new records for the sampled municipality. The forest presented higher richness than the restinga and the most abundant species was Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner). Diversity and equitability showed similar values in the two areas (H'f=2.193, H'r=2.027, J'f=0.7908 and J'r=0.7682) and the cluster analysis suggest high similarity. PERMANOVA did not present significant results for any source of variation. The presence of synanthropic and asynanthropic species in the fragment demonstrates that it is already a somewhat human-impacted environment. Marked increase in the number of sarcophagid records obtained in this small sample in the studied municipality (from nine to 22 species) shows the importance of taxonomic surveys in poorly studied areas.
Measuring glucose concentration in a solution based on the indices of polarimetric purity
Authors: Li Dekui , Xu Chenxiang , Zhang Man , Wang Xinyang , Guo Kai , Sun Yongxuan , Gao Jun , Guo Zhongyi
Published: March 2021

Polarization imaging is a powerful tool, which can be applied in biomedical diagnosis and many research fields. Here, we propose a new application of the indices of polarimetric purity (IPPs) composed of P1, P2, P3, to describe the glucose concentrations (GC) changes in the scattering system. The results suggest that P1 of the IPPs is a better indicator to GC in the solution than the degree of polarization (DoP) for the forward scattering detection. Meanwhile, the fitting relation among radius of scattering particle, GCs and P1 parameter has also been calculated, in which the error of inversion is no more than 4.73%. In the backscattering detection, the fitted frequency statistical histogram of the IPPs is used to measure the GCs, and their modes can represent changing trend of GCs.
Quasi-distributed fiber optic sensor-based control system for interstitial laser ablation of tissue: theoretical and experimental investigations
Authors: Bianchi Leonardo , Korganbayev Sanzhar , Orrico Annalisa , De Landro Martina , Saccomandi Paola
Published: March 2021

This work proposes the quasi-distributed real-time monitoring and control of laser ablation (LA) of liver tissue. To confine the thermal damage, a pre-planning stage of the control strategy based on numerical simulations of the bioheat-transfer was developed to design the control parameters, then experimentally assessed. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were employed to design the automatic thermometry system used for temperature feedback control for interstitial LA. The tissue temperature was maintained at a pre-set value, and the influence of different sensor locations (on the direction of the beam propagation and backward) on the thermal outcome was evaluated in comparison with the uncontrolled case. Results show that the implemented computational model was able to properly describe the temperature evolution of the irradiated tissue. Furthermore, the realized control strategy allowed for the accurate confinement of the laser-induced temperature increase, especially when the temperature control was actuated by sensors located in the direction of the beam propagation, as confirmed by the calculated fractions of necrotic tissues (e.g., 23 mm3 and 53 mm3 for the controlled and uncontrolled LA, respectively).
Phase-stabilized complex-decorrelation angiography
Authors: Wei Xiang , Hormel Tristan T. , Jia Yali
Published: March 2021

In this study, we developed a novel phase-stabilized complex-decorrelation (PSCD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) method that can generate high quality OCTA images. This method has been validated using three different types of OCT systems and compared with conventional complex- and amplitude-based OCTA algorithms. Our results suggest that in combination with a pre-processing phase stabilization method, the PSCD method is insensitive to bulk motion phase shifts, less dependent on OCT reflectance than conventional complex methods and demonstrates extended dynamic range of flow signal, in contrast to other two methods.
Quantifying the impact of pump noise on fiber-optic nonlinear processes
Authors: Lægsgaard Jesper
Published: March 2021

The impact of pump pulse fluctuations on ultrafast nonlinear frequency conversion processes in optical fibers is investigated. A simple measure of the sensitivity of a particular process to pump technical noise is introduced and tested against numerical ensemble simulations for normal-dispersion continuum generation and dispersive-wave generation. The proposed measure is found to adequately describe the impact of technical noise at the per mill or percent level.
High resolution and large sensing range liquid level measurement using phase-sensitive optic distributed sensor
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Tao , He Tao , Li Hao , Yan Zhijun , Zhang Lin , Sun Qizhen
Published: March 2021

Liquid level sensor with large sensing range and high-resolution is essential for the application of industry monitoring. In this work, a distributed optical fiber liquid level sensor is proposed and demonstrated based on phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR). In the basic of the thermal optic effect, the temperature change will induce the fluctuation of the effective refractive indexes of the fiber core, as well as the fluctuation of the optical path of the light transmitting in the fiber. Therefore, the φ-OTDR can detect the liquid level with a large measurement range by interrogating the phase information along the fiber due to the temperature difference between the liquid and air. Further, the scattering enhanced optical fiber (SEOF) is used as the sensing fiber to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the phase signal. Moreover, a high sensitivity liquid level sensing head by wrapping the SEOF on a heat conductive cylinder is designed and optimized to improve the sensing resolution. In the experiment, the proposed distributed liquid level sensor presents a high sensitivity of 73.4 rad/mm, corresponding to a competitive liquid level resolution of 142μm based on the noise floor of 10.4 rad within 160 s. The field test validates a large sensing range of 20 cm which is limited by the cylinder length, while a potential sensing range could reach 320 m with the sensing fiber of 40 km, proving a dynamic range of 127.1 dB. The proposed liquid level sensor with large dynamic range and high sensing resolution can benefit potential application in smart industry platforms and biomedicine monitoring.
Active mode selection by defects in lithium niobate on insulator microdisks
Authors: Su Shubin , Ye Xiaona , Liu Shijie , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng
Published: March 2021

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microcavities are important building blocks in photonic integrated circuits. Operation of such cavities on specific lower- or higher- order transverse modes has much interest in application perspectives. Here, we demonstrate active mode selection by introducing defects in lithium niobate on insulator microdisks. A focused ion beam is applied to precisely inscribe nano slits into the perimeter of the microdisk. The transmission spectra can be significantly thinned out without severe quality factor degradation. Either fundamental or high-order transverse WGMs can be retained by properly designing the size and location of the defects. The approach may have promising applications in single-mode lasing and nonlinear optics.
Investigation of InGaN-based red/green micro-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhuang Zhe , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro
Published: March 2021

We investigated the performance of InGaN-based red/green micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) ranging from

98

×

98

µ

m

2

to

17

×

17

µ

m

2

. The average forward voltage at

10

A

/

c
m

2

was independent of the dimension of µLEDs. Red µLEDs exhibited a larger blueshift of the peak wavelength (

∼

35

n
m

) and broader full-width at half maximum (

≥

50

n
m

) at

2

−

50

A

/

c
m

2

compared to green µLEDs. We demonstrated that

47

×

47

µ

m

2

red µLEDs had an on-wafer external quantum efficiency of 0.36% at the peak wavelength of 626 nm, close to the red primary color defined in the recommendation 2020 standard.
High-purity CVD-ZnSe polycrystal as a magneto-active medium for a multikilowatt Faraday isolator
Authors: Mironov Evgeniy A. , Palashov Oleg V. , Balabanov Stanislav S.
Published: March 2021

Prospects for using ZnSe polycrystals synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for the development of Faraday isolators for high-power radiation at a wavelength of 1076 nm are investigated. A Faraday isolator was built by a conventional scheme for room temperature operation. No thermally induced depolarization was observed in the device for the laser power range up to 1270 W, which is the main limiting factor for powerful isolators. It was demonstrated experimentally that thermally induced depolarization is not expected at powers up to 2.5 kW.
Superconducting microstrip single-photon detector with system detection efficiency over 90% at 1550  nm
Authors: Xu Guang-Zhao , Zhang Wei-Jun , You Li-Xing , Xiong Jia-Min , Sun Xing-Qu , Huang Hao , Ou Xin , Pan Yi-Ming , Lv Chao-Lin , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , Xie Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2021

Generally, a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is composed of wires with a typical width of

∼
100
  
nm

. Recent studies have found that superconducting strips with a micrometer-scale width can also detect single photons. Compared with the SNSPD covering the same area, the superconducting microstrip single-photon detector (SMSPD) has smaller kinetic inductance, higher working current, and lower requirements in fabrication accuracy, providing potential applications in the development of ultralarge active area detectors. However, the study of SMSPD is still in its infancy, and the realization of its high-performance and practical use remains an open question. This study demonstrates a NbN SMSPD with a nearly saturated system detection efficiency (SDE) of

∼
92.2
%

at a dark count rate of

∼
200
  
cps

, a polarization sensitivity of

∼
1.03

, and a minimum timing jitter of

∼
48
  
ps

at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm when coupled with a single-mode fiber and operated at 0.84 K. Furthermore, the detector’s SDE is over 70% when operated at a 2.1 K closed-cycle cryocooler.
Knowledge Beacons: Web services for data harvesting of distributed biomedical knowledge
Authors: Hannestad Lance M. , Dančík Vlado , Godden Meera , Suen Imelda W. , Huellas-Bruskiewicz Kenneth C. , Good Benjamin M. , Mungall Christopher J. , Bruskiewich Richard M.
Published: March 2021

The continually expanding distributed global compendium of biomedical knowledge is diffuse, heterogeneous and huge, posing a serious challenge for biomedical researchers in knowledge harvesting: accessing, compiling, integrating and interpreting data, information and knowledge. In order to accelerate research towards effective medical treatments and optimizing health, it is critical that efficient and automated tools for identifying key research concepts and their experimentally discovered interrelationships are developed. As an activity within the feasibility phase of a project called “Translator” (https://ncats.nih.gov/translator) funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) to develop a biomedical science knowledge management platform, we designed a Representational State Transfer (REST) web services Application Programming Interface (API) specification, which we call a Knowledge Beacon. Knowledge Beacons provide a standardized basic API for the discovery of concepts, their relationships and associated supporting evidence from distributed online repositories of biomedical knowledge. This specification also enforces the annotation of knowledge concepts and statements to the NCATS endorsed the Biolink Model data model and semantic encoding standards (https://biolink.github.io/biolink-model/). Implementation of this API on top of diverse knowledge sources potentially enables their uniform integration behind client software which will facilitate research access and integration of biomedical knowledge.

Availability

The API and associated software is open source and currently available for access at https://github.com/NCATS-Tangerine/translator-knowledge-beacon.
Comparison between the timing of the occurrence of taste sensitivity changes and short-term memory decline due to aging in SAMP1 mice
Authors: Narukawa Masataka , Takahashi Suzuka , Kamiyoshihara Aya , Matsumiya Kentaro , Misaka Takumi
Published: March 2021

Several studies have suggested that cognitive impairment affects taste sensitivity. However, the mechanism behind this is still unclear. In this study, we focused on short-term memory. Using senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 (SAMP1) mice, we compared whether the effects of aging are observed earlier in taste sensitivity or short-term memory. We used 8-week-old mice as the young group, and 70- and 80-week-old mice as aged groups. Taste sensitivity was evaluated using a 48-hour two-bottle preference test, and short-term memory was evaluated using the Y-maze test. SAMP1 mice showed apparently changes in taste sensitivity at 70-weeks-old. However, the influence of aging on spontaneous alternation behavior, which is indicative of short-term memory alterations, was not observed in 70-week-old mice. At 80-weeks-old, the influence of aging was observed, and spontaneous alternation behavior was significantly decreased. This suggests that age-dependent changes in taste sensitivity occur prior to short-term memory function decline. In addition, there was no significant influence of aging on the mRNA expression of long-term potentiation-related genes in the hippocampus of 80-week-old mice. Therefore, the age-related decline of short-term memory may not affect taste sensitivity.
Fatality and risk features for prognosis in COVID-19 according to the care approach – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Andrés Mariano , Leon-Ramirez Jose-Manuel , Moreno-Perez Oscar , Sánchez-Payá José , Gayá Ignacio , Esteban Violeta , Ribes Isabel , Torrus-Tendero Diego , González-de-la-Aleja Pilar , Llorens Pere , Boix Vicente , Gil Joan , Merino Esperanza ,   on behalf of COVID19-ALC research group
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study analyzed the impact of a categorized approach, based on patients’ prognosis, on major outcomes and explanators in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia in an academic center in Spain.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study (March 3 to May 2, 2020). Patients were categorized according to the followed clinical management, as maximum care or limited therapeutic effort (LTE). Main outcomes were all-cause mortality and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Baseline factors associated with outcomes were analyzed by multiple logistic regression, estimating odds ratios (OR; 95%CI).

Results

Thirty-hundred and six patients were hospitalized, median age 65.0 years, 57.8% males, 53.3% Charlson index ≥3. The overall all-cause fatality rate was 15.0% (n = 46). Maximum care was provided in 238 (77.8%), IMV was used in 38 patients (16.0%), and 5.5% died. LTE was decided in 68 patients (22.2%), none received IMV and fatality was 48.5%. Independent risk factors of mortality under maximum care were lymphocytes <790/mm3, troponin T >15ng/L and hypotension. Advanced age, lymphocytes <790/mm3and BNP >240pg/mL independently associated with IMV requirement.

Conclusion

Overall fatality in the cohort was 15% but markedly varied regarding the decided approach (maximum care versus LTE), translating into nine-fold higher mortality and different risk factors.
Cannabis lighting: Decreasing blue photon fraction increases yield but efficacy is more important for cost effective production of cannabinoids
Authors: Westmoreland F. Mitchell , Kusuma Paul , Bugbee Bruce
Published: March 2021

LED technology facilitates a range of spectral quality, which can be used to optimize photosynthesis, plant shape and secondary metabolism. We conducted three studies to investigate the effect of blue photon fraction on yield and quality of medical hemp. Conditions were varied among studies to evaluate potential interactions with environment, but all environmental conditions other than the blue photon fraction were maintained constant among the five-chambers in each study. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 400 to 700 nm) was rigorously maintained at the set point among treatments in each study by raising the fixtures. The lowest fraction of blue photons was 4% from HPS, and increased to 9.8, 10.4, 16, and 20% from LEDs. There was a consistent, linear, 12% decrease in yield in each study as the fraction of blue photons increased from 4 to 20%. Dry flower yield ranged from 500 to 750 g m-2. This resulted in a photon conversion efficacy of 0.22 to 0.36 grams dry flower mass yield per mole of photons. Yield was higher at a PPFD of 900 than at 750 μmol m-2 s-1. There was no effect of spectral quality on CBD or THC concentration. CBD and THC were 8% and 0.3% at harvest in trials one and two, and 12% and 0.5% in trial three. The CBD/THC ratio was about 25 to 1 in all treatments and studies. The efficacy of the fixtures ranged from 1.7 (HPS) to 2.5 μmol per joule (white+red LED). Yield under the white+red LED fixture (10.4% blue) was 4.6% lower than the HPS on a per unit area basis, but was 27% higher on a per dollar of electricity basis. These findings suggest that fixture efficacy and initial cost of the fixture are more important for return on investment than spectral distribution at high photon flux.
Mycotoxin profiles of animal feeds in the central part of Thailand: 2015-2020
Authors: Kananub Suppada , Jala Prakorn , Laopiem Sudtisa , Boonsoongnern Alongkot , Sanguankiat Arsooth
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim: Mycotoxin contamination in animal feeds is of considerable concern because it can affect animal health systems. As a result of contamination in the food chain, humans can indirectly come into contact with mycotoxins. The present study aimed to present mycotoxin contamination patterns in animal feeds from 2015 to 2020 and elucidate associations between the type of feed and the type of ingredient.

Materials and Methods: Data were summarized from the records of the Kamphaeng Saen Veterinary Diagnosis Center from 2015 to 2020, which comprised the analyses of aflatoxin (AFL), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisin (FUM), and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in feed ingredients, complete feeds, and unclassified feeds. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis.

Results: ZEA was prevalent in animal feeds. The prevalence of each mycotoxin was constant from 2015 to 2020. Approximately 20-30% of samples were positive for AFL and FUM. The highest contamination was ZEA, which was found in 50% of the samples, and the occurrence of T-2 and DON was <10%. AFL significantly contaminated complete feeds more than feed ingredients. Feed ingredients were related to mycotoxin contaminations. The highest levels of AFL, FUM, and DON contamination occurred in 2017. The data in this year consisted mostly of soybean, corn, and rice bran.

Conclusion: The number of positive samples of all five mycotoxins was constant from 2015 to 2020, but the occurrence of ZEA was the highest. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs are significantly related to the type of feed and the type of ingredient.
Munkaszervezeti modellek Európában és az emberierőforrás-gazdálkodás néhány jellemzője Kísérlet a munkaszervezetek nemzetközi paradigmatérképének elkészítésére (II. rész)
Authors: Valeyre Antoine , Lorenz Edward , Cartron Damien , Csizmadia Péter , Gollac Michel , Illéssy Miklós , Makó Csaba
Published: March 2021

Az EU 2005-ben elfogadott Lisszaboni Stratégiájának foglalkoztatási és munkaerő-piaci céljai közé tartozik a munka minőségének és termelékenységének fejlesztése a munkahelyeken, továbbá a szociális kohézió erősítése és a munkaerőpiac bővítése. Az ilyen jellegű törekvések támogatásának elengedhetetlen feltétele a teljesítménynövekedést elősegítő, innovatív és nagyfokú tanulási kapacitással rendelkező munkaszervezeti formák feltérképezése. A szerzők erre vállalkoztak a 2005-ös Európai Munkafeltétel-felmérés (European Working Condition Survey) eredményeinek elemzésével, melynek során négy munkaszervezeti modellt azonosítottak. A tanulmány második része annak bemutatására vállalkozik, hogy az egyes munkaszervezeti típusok milyen összefüggéseket mutatnak az emberierőforrás-gazdálkodás néhány aspektusával és a foglalkoztatás és a munkavégzés minőségének olyan jellemzőivel, mint a munkaidő-felhasználás rugalmassága, a munka-egészségügyi és -biztonsági kockázatok, a munka intenzitása, a munkavégzés és a magánélet egyensúlya, valamint a munkafeltételekkel való elégedettség. Tanulmányunk egyik legfontosabb megállapítása, hogy az EU-27 országaiban rendszerszerű összefüggések vannak az alkalmazott munkaszervezeti formák, az ösztönzési és képzési rendszerek, valamint a munkavégzés minőségének előbbi jellemzői között. Végül néhány, a foglalkoztatáspolitikai döntéshozatal szempontjából releváns munkaszervezeti mutató bevezetését javasoljuk, amelyek véleményünk szerint elősegíthetnék mind az európai, mind a magyar foglalkoztatási stratégia jövőbeli megalapozását.
Cargo Aircraft Conceptual Design Optimisation Using a Flexible Computer-Based Scaling Approach
Authors: Schieck F. , Schmitt D.
Published: March 2021

In the early design stages of a new aircraft, there is a strong need to broaden the knowledge base of the evolving aircraft project, allowing a profound analysis of the solution concepts and of the design driving requirements. The methodology presented in this paper provides a tool for increasing and improving in an exemplary manner the necessary information on cargo aircraft. By exchanging or adapting a few particular modules of the entire program system, the tool is applicable to a range scale of different aircraft types. In an extended requirement model, performance requirements are represented along with other operational requirements. An aircraft model is introduced in sufficient detail for conceptual design considerations. The computer-aided scaling methodology is explained, which, controlled by an optimisation module, automatically resizes the aircraft model until it optimally satisfies the requirements in terms of a selectable figure of merit. Typical results obtained at the end of the scaling are discussed together with knowledge gained during the process, and an example is given.
Design of a Three Surfaces R/C Aircraft Model
Authors: Coiro D. P. , Nicolosi F.
Published: March 2021

Design of a three lifting surfaces radio-controlled model has been carried out at Dipartimento di Progettazione Aeronautica (DPA) by the authors in the last year. The model is intended to be a UAV prototype and is now under construction. The main goal of this small aircraft's design is to check the influence of the canard surface on the aircraft's aerodynamic characteristics and flight behavior, especially at high angles of attack. The aircraft model is also intended to be a flying platform to test sensors, measurement and acquisition systems for research purposes and a valid and low-cost teaching instrument for flight dynamics and flight maneuvering. The aircraft has been designed to fly with and without canard, and all problems relative to aircraft balance and stability have been carefully analyzed and solved. The innovative configuration and the mixed wooden-composite material structure has been obtained with very simple shapes and all the design is focused on realizing a low-cost model. A complete aerodynamic analysis of the configuration up to high angles of attack and a preliminary aircraft stability and performance prediction will be presented.
Concept Design and Reliability
Authors: Cooper G. , Thompson G.
Published: March 2021

The paper outlines an approach to concept design that integrates the development of the design specification with multi-objective concept development. ‘Excursions’ are undertaken to explore particular aspects of the design, e.g., reliability, in order to help create a concept that is strong in the salient design requirements. The paper then considers reliability as a principal design requirement. Existing reliability evaluation methods are reviewed with respect to their suitability for use in concept design. The paper then describes an approach, an ‘excursion’, that can be used to improve the reliability of a concept. The reliability excursion comprises a systematic method of evaluation and a reliability analysis toolbox. The research reported is an element of a larger concept design activity that itself forms part of a substantial project on integrated product design undertaken at the Polhem Laboratory, Lulea Technical University, Sweden and at UMIST, UK.
The Impact of Odors
Authors: Jokl M. V.
Published: March 2021

The odor microclimate is formed by gaseous airborne components perceived either as an unpleasant smell or as a pleasant smell. Smells enter the building interior partly from outdoors (exhaust fumes - flower fragrance) and partly from indoors (building materials, smoking cigarettes - cosmetics, dishes). They affect the human organism through the olfactory center which is connected to the part of brain that is responsible for controlling people’s emotions and sexual feelings: smells therefore participate to a high level in mood formation. The sense of smell diminishes slowly in people over the age of 60, but all female age categories have a better sense of smell than males. Smell is extremely sensitive, e.g., during pregnancy, or if an illness is coming. Bad smells cause a decrease in human performance, loss of concentration, and loss of taste. Sweet smells have a positive impact on human feelings and on human performance. Criteria for odor microclimate appraisal are presented (concentration limits of CO2 , TVOC, plf, decipol, decicarbdiox, decitvoc).
The GNU GaMa Project - Adjustment of Geodetic Networks
Authors: Čepek A.
Published: March 2021

The development of Free Software is a well established and successful phenomenon which could hardly exist without the Internet, where groups of programmers scattered all around the world are developing software. The idea of Free Software is highly attractive to talented creative students and can stimulate and support their profesional activities. The GNU GaMa [4] for adjusting of geodetic networks, with input data described in XML, is given here as a concrete example. Free Software [3] (or Open Source) projects need not be limited to software development but can generally cover any professional project based on free information exchange; a suggested example is the planned collection of model geodetic networks described in XML.
Reconstruction of Object Position in X-ray Mammograms
Authors: Mikeš P.
Published: March 2021

Not included
Management Processes in Technical-economic Design, Decision-making, Fractals and Market Bubbles
Authors: Beran V.
Published: March 2021

Not included
Measurement of Light Intensity Based on a Flip-flop Sensor
Authors: Kollár M.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with a new type of system for measuring light intensity with the use of a flip-flop sensor controlled by a so-called slow-rise voltage control pulse. A photodiode was used for quantification of the measured light intensity in the structure of the flip-flop. The theoretical considerations are compared with experimental results, and good agreement is reported.
Measurement of Moisture Storage Parameters of Building Materials
Authors: Jiřičková M. , Černý R. , Rovnaníková P.
Published: March 2021

The moisture storage parameters of three different building materials: calcium silicate, ceramic brick and autoclaved aerated concrete, are determined in the hygroscopic range and overhygroscopic range. Measured sorption isotherms and moisture retention curves are then combined into moisture storage functions using the Kelvin equation. A comparison of measured results with global characteristics of the pore space obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry shows a reasonable agreement; the median pore radii by volume are well within the interval given by the beginning and the end of the characteristic steep parts of the moisture retention curves.
Significance of SMEs in the Czech Economy and Supporting SMEs as an Instrument of the Regional Development
Authors: Beran V. , Frková J.
Published: March 2021

SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) are important segments of the economic landscape of the Czech Republic, since half of economic production is attributable to SMEs (52.85 %). The role of SMEs in the Czech Republic is the outcome of a long history of economic development and industrialization throughout the 20th century. Large enterprises prefer to locate their factories according to range of regional opportunities. Small enterprises are more dependent on business conditions in their region. The transaction costs are relatively high for small firms. These contraints mean that regions without an attractive environment for business need to create acceptable conditions for small businesses, if they are looking for sustainable development.
Verification of the Wind Response of a Stack Structure
Authors: Makovička D. , Král J. , Makovička D.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with verification analysis of the wind response of a power plant stack structure. Over a period two weeks the actual history of the dynamic response of the structure, and the direction and intensity of the actual wind load was measured, reported and processed with the use of a computer. The resulting data was used to verify the design stage data of the structure, with the natural frequencies and modes assumed by the design and with the dominant effect of other sources on the site. In conclusion the standard requirements are compared with the actual results of measurements and their expansion to the design load.
Process Design for Hot Forging of Asymmetric to Symmetric Rib-web Shaped Steel
Authors: Cho H. , Oh B. , Jo C. , Lee K.
Published: March 2021

The process design of hot forging, asymmetric to symmetric rib-web shaped steel, which is used for the turnout of express rails has been studied. Owing to the great difference in shape between the initial billet and the final forged product, it is impossible to hot forge the rail in a single stage operation. Therefore, multi stage forging and also die design for each stage are necessary for the production process. The numerical simulation for hot forging of asymmetric shape to symmetric shape was carried out using commercial FEM code, DEFORMTM-2D. Modification of the design and repeated simulation was carried out on the basis of the simulation results. For comparison with the simulation results, a flow analysis experiment using plasticine was also carried out. The results of the flow analysis experiment showed good agreement with those of the simulation.
Inlet Channel for a Ducted Fan Propulsion System of a Light Aircraft
Authors: Ritschl E. , Theiner R. , Hanus D.
Published: March 2021

So-called "cold-jet" propulsion units consist of a piston engine, a blower and the necessary air duct. Till now, all attempts to utilize "cold-jet" propulsion units to maintain the thrust of an airplane have been unsuccessful. Analysis has shown that the main difficulty is the deformation of the flow field at the entry to the blower [1].
Indoor Air Quality Assessment Based on Human Physiology - Part 2. Limits
Authors: Jokl M. V.
Published: March 2021

In order to evaluate indoor air quality in practice it is necessary to establish limits, or more exactly, tolerable ranges for unadapted and adapted persons. The optimal value overwhelmingly corresponds to PD 20 %. A better value of PD 10 % could be prescribed for asthmatics and for persons with increased requirements, i.e. those allergic to the environment and operators in airport control towers and atomic power stations. A worse value PD 30 % could be accepted as an admissible value. These values differ for unadapted and adapted persons (as introduced by BSR/ASHRAE 62-1989 R). The long-term tolerable value is the end of SBS range (for CO2 it is based on USSR space research, for TVOC on Molhave). The short-term tolerable value is the beginning of the toxic range (for CO2 it is taken from British Guidance Note EH 40/90; for TVOC from Molhave).
Non-Thermal Plasma Ozone Generation
Authors: Pekárek S.
Published: March 2021

This paper reviews ozone properties, ozone applications and the mechanism of ozone production in non-thermal plasma. An analysis is made of the influence of a reduced electric field and discharge space temperature on ozone production. The phenomenon of discharge poisoning is also explained. Finally, a modern ozone production system based on dielectric barrier electrical discharge is described.
Simulation of Scoliosis Treatment Using a Brace
Authors: Čulík J.
Published: March 2021

Ivo Maoík M.D. has treated many child patients with scoliosis at the "Centre for Locomotor Defects", Olšanská 7, 130 00 Prague 3. The author has cooperated with him, and composed the computer program for the spine stress state under brace effects and for simulating scoliosis treatment. The program simulates the spinal curve remodelling in time for a specific child patients, and the algorithm for stress state calculation and treatment simulation is given.Orthopaedists in the Czech Republic use Cheneau-type or Cerny-type corrective braces. The brace exerts force effects on the skeleton of a child. The brace is made individually for each patient, in the following way: first, a negative plaster form of the child`s trunk is made, and then the positive plaster form is created. The orthopaedist determines the places where brace has to load the patient`s trunk, and the plaster form deepened in these places on the basis of his advice. The laminate brace made according to this plaster form constricts the child`s trunk (like a tight shoe).This paper shows how the stress state is determined in vertebrae and in inter-vertebral discs, and the solution of spinal curvature correction under brace force effects for a specific child patient. The project aims to find the dependence of the activation and velocity of spinal curvature correction in the spinal stress state for many patients. The paper shows the computing algorithms for spinal deformations and the stress state under brace force effects, and a simulation of spinal curvature correction.Spinal curvature is determined according to measured values on an X-ray of a patient before a brace is applied. The stress state in the spine and the spinal deformation are investigated by the finite element method as beam (spine) in an elastic ground (soft tissue). Two algorithms are used. The first algorithm deals with the spine above and below the soft tissues, and it is loaded by given displacements of the trunk surface. The second algorithm determines from the X-ray of a patient with and without a brace the spine deformation and the spine stress state, and the necessary trunk surface displacement is determined from this deformation.The calculation algorithm and parameters were compared with contest of treatment. The trunk surface load was checked by sensor that plates were placed into the braces to measure the load values between the brace and the surface of the child. The simulation program assesses the spinal curvature correction according to the spinal curvature type, the spinal stress state and the period of time for which the brace will be applied.
Preliminary Determination of Propeller Aerodynamic Characteristics for Small Aeroplanes
Authors: Slavík S.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with preliminary determination of propeller thrust and power coefficients depending on the advance ratio by means of some representative geometric parameters of the blade at a specific radius: propeller blade chord and blade angle setting at 70 % of the top radius, airfoil thickness at the radius near the tip and the position of the maximum blade width. A rough estimation of the non-linear influence of propeller blades number is included.The published method is based on Lock`s model of the characteristic section and the Bull-Bennett lift and drag propeller blade curves. Lock`s integral decomposition factors and the loss factor were modified by the evolution of the experimental propeller characteristics. The numerical-obtained factors were smoothed and expressed in the form of analytical functions depending on the geometric propeller blade parameters and the advance ratio.