bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Cycle Fatigue and Very High Cycle Fatigue Performance of Selective Laser Melting Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy—A Review
Authors: Tusher Md Mehide Hasan , Ince Ayhan
Published: May 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic alloys, especially titanium (Ti), has recently received considerable attention because of its significant role in designing and developing many structural components with complex geometries in aerospace, defense, and biomechanical industries. AM technology based on selective laser melting (SLM) allows the production of lightweight structures with geometric flexibility, which has not been otherwise possible by the conventional manufacturing process. SLM-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V components often experience long loading histories in high cycle fatigue (HCF) and even very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes. As a result, it is paramount to systematically investigate those components’ fatigue behavior under both HCF and VHCF conditions. However, HCF and VHCF performances of SLM-Ti-6Al-4V alloy are still not fully understood because of the complex nature of fatigue responses in those regimes resulting from the defects/porosity and number of process parameters. In this context, the successful application of load-bearing components in both HCF and VHCF regimes necessitates optimizing process parameters and post-treatments for the optimal fatigue performance point of view. Several recent studies dealing with Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured by SLM have explored parameters affecting fatigue performance in HCF and VHCF regimes. This article presents a systematic and critical review analysis of recent findings related to critical parameters, particularly residual stress, surface roughness, build parameters, build orientation microstructural features, post-process treatment, manufacturing deficiencies, specimen geometries, load ratio affecting mechanical and fatigue properties, especially in HCF and VHCF regimes. The current study also aims to identify several crucial topics that need to be addressed for SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy to effectively utilize its full potential in the designing of advanced structural components.
Aborto em Marabá, Pará: fatores e motivos associados
Authors: Silva Ádria Rodrigues , Franco Ana Paula Mota , Leal Amélia Santos , Real Rayssa Avelar Côrte , Leite Daniela Soares
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e de abortamento provocado por mulheres residentes em Marabá, Pará e os principais fatores e motivos associados. Método: estudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal, por meio de questionários coletados de março a dezembro de 2020, envolvendo 394 mulheres residentes em Marabá, alfabetizadas e com idade maior ou igual a 18 anos. Resultados:  37 mulheres que já tiveram algum aborto estavam na faixa etária de 25 a 29 anos, com ensino superior, solteira, com renda familiar de um a dois salários-mínimos, católica e doméstica. Os principais motivos para abortar foram: falta de condições financeiras, não estar preparada para ser mãe e relação instável com o parceiro. Conclusão: o aborto provocado é reflexo de um paradigma socioeconômico desigual e sua criminalização traz impedimentos à assistência e reconhecimento do problema.
Redes de apoio materna durante a internação do filho na unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal
Authors: Exequiel Nathalya Pereira , Vaz Jéssica Cardoso , Milbrath Viviane Marten , Gabatz Ruth Irmgard Bärtschi
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: conhecer as redes de apoio utilizadas pelas mães durante a internação do filho recém-nascido na unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada na pediatria de um hospital escola do Sul do Brasil, no período de março a maio de 2019, com 10 mães de recém-nascidos que necessitaram de cuidados intensivos, logo após o nascimento. A coleta de informações ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e para interpretação utilizou-se a análise temática. Resultados: ao vivenciar o inesperado, as mães necessitam de suporte para o enfrentamento desta experiência e consideram suas principais redes de apoio a sua família estendida, a fé, outras mães de recém-nascidos internados e profissionais de saúde. Conclusões: considera-se as redes de apoio uma ferramenta indispensável para a mãe no enfrentamento a internação do filho na unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal.
The Levels of Cholinesterase Enzyme and Hemoglobin in Linggasari Village’s Farmers
Authors: Munfiah Siti , Wibowo Yudhi , Sari Octavia Permata , Krisnansari Diah , Hidayat Muhammad Zaenuri Syamsu
Published: May 2023

Farmers in Linggasari Village often mix pesticides, did not use pesticides that follow the dose, did not use PPE completely, eat, drink or smoke did not clean themselves after spraying. Some types of pesticides can reduce cholinesterase enzyme and hemoglobin levels. The study aimed to analyze the factors that correlated with cholinesterase enzyme and hemoglobin levels of spraying farmers. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April 2022. The population of this study was all farmers who use pesticides, as many as 30 farmers qualify the inclusion criteria, namely male spraying farmers aged over 18 years, the maximum last contact time with pesticides was two months before the study was conducted. The independent variables were age, BMI, working period, frequency of spraying, duration of spraying, and PPE usage score. The dependent variables included cholinesterase and hemoglobin levels. Bivariate analysis was assessed with Pearson Correlation Test or Spearman Correlation Test, while multivariate analysis used linear regression. The results showed that age (p=0,032, r=0,391) and BMI (p=0,036, r= 0,385) correlated with cholinesterase enzyme, and age (p=0,000, r=0,615) correlated with farmers' hemoglobin levels. The results of multivariate analysis that the most influential factor on cholinesterase enzyme and hemoglobin levels was age.
Social Determinants of Stunting in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Efa , Wanti Puput Arisma , Suci Cahyani Wulan , Raharjo Bambang Budi , Najib Najib
Published: May 2023

Stunting is a form of malnutrition that causes growth disorders characterized by height that is not in accordance with age. Around 8.9 million Indonesian children experience suboptimal growth. This study aimed to determine the social factors associated with the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. The method used were secondary data processing from Indonesian family data collection in 2021. The population of this data collection were 66.207.139 families from 33 provinces in Indonesia. The research sample were 38.886.147 families. The variables analyzed were indicators of pre-prosperous families, environmental facilities, high risk pregnancy in couples of childbearing age, with the risk of stunting. Data were analyzed using linear regression. The results showed that the determinants of stunting are maternal education, parental occupation and income, environment, social and family support, and health service factors. Based on the analysis, there is a relationship between the social determinants of health according to healthy people and the increase in stunting cases in Indonesia.
Reduced serum concentrations of biomarkers reflecting Leydig and Sertoli cell function in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Johannsen Trine Holm , Albrethsen Jakob , Neocleous Vassos , Baronio Federico , Cools Martine , Aksglaede Lise , Jørgensen Niels , Christiansen Peter , Toumba Meropi , Fanis Pavlos , Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Juul Anders
Published: May 2023

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a recessive condition that affects the adrenal glands. Despite life-long replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, adult patients with CAH often experience impaired gonadal function. In pubertal boys and in men with CAH, circulating testosterone is produced by the adrenal glands as well as the testicular, steroidogenic cells. In this European two-center study, we evaluated the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells in 61 boys and men with CAH, primarily due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Despite conventional hormone replacement therapy, our results indicated a significant reduction in serum concentrations of both Leydig cell-derived hormones (i.e. insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and testosterone) and Sertoli cell-derived hormones (i.e. inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone) in adult males with CAH. Serum concentrations of INSL3 were particularly reduced in those with testicular adrenal rest tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate circulating INSL3 as a candidate biomarker to monitor Leydig cell function in patients with CAH.
Trends in radioactive iodine treatment after total thyroidectomy in Italy, 2001–2018
Authors: Dal Maso Luigino , Pierannunzio Daniela , Francisci Silvia , De Paoli Angela , Toffolutti Federica , Vaccarella Salvatore , Franceschi Silvia , Elisei Rossella , Fedeli Ugo , _ _
Published: May 2023

Objective

A decrease in the use of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for thyroid cancer has been described in the last decade in the US following subsequent updates of the American Thyroid Association guidelines. By contrast, population-based data from European countries are lacking. The study aims to assess the frequency and long-term trends in the use of RAI in Italy.

Methods

From the Italian national hospital discharge database, the proportion of RAI treatment after total thyroidectomy with thyroid cancer diagnosis has been assessed by sex and age class during 2001–2018.

Results

Throughout the whole study period, RAI was performed after 58% of 149,419 total thyroidectomies. The use of RAI was higher for men and younger patients; it peaked in 2007 (64% in women and 68% in men) and declined thereafter (2018: 46% in women and 53% in men), with a similar pattern observed across all ages and areas.

Conclusion

National data show that in Italy trends in RAI treatment paraleled those observed in the US. Further monitoring of the use of RAI is warranted in Italy, as elsewhere, to assess the impact of international guidelines on real-life clinical management of thyroid cancer.
THE OLD RUSSIAN LITERARY AND FOLK-POETIC GENESIS OF THE NOTE “RUSSIA HAS NO PAST…” IN THE CONTEXT OF MIKHAIL LERMONTOV’S HISTORIOSOPHY
Authors: Kiseleva Irina , Potashova Ksenia
Published: May 2023

The subject of the study is Lermontov’s historiosophy, expressed by the poet in the note “Russia has no past…” from the “Notebook presented by V. F. Odoevsky.” The article’s purpose is to identify the ancient Russian and folk-poetic genesis of Lermontov’s note, contributing to the clarification of its semantic content. The figurative system, style and the very substantive essence of the note “Russia has no past…” was formed under the direct influence of ancient Russian texts, adaptations of literary folklore, and the experience of the poet’s personal meeting with representatives of folk culture. The authors propose to consider Lermontov’s sketch an allegorical figure, where the Russian Empire is likened to a mighty hero. In a brief summary of the plot, the poet reflects his understanding of the entire essence of the country’s historical path. As possible sources of the note, the article names the heroic tales in V. Levshin’s literary adaptation, which were popular at the turn of the 19th century, as well as the Caucasian version of the tale about Yeruslan Lazarevich, which existed among the Terek Cossacks. Analogies are drawn between Lermontov’s sketch and the cycle of historical songs about the capture of Kazan, using similar allegories to reveal the theme, as well as the “Kazan History” short novel, the appeals to which are linked to the geopolitical significance of the historical event for the development of the entire old Russian state and, in particular, for the strengthening of its eastern borders. Lermontov’s concept of history is based on his personal perception of historical time, and on the literary, specifically, old Russian, tradition, which is reflected both in the ancient literary monuments and in folklore, which has historical sources. In the note Lermontov looks at the world through the eyes of the people, and is the exponent of the national idea about the spiritual choice of the Russian state.
Connecting Coding and Policy: Getting Paid for Tobacco and Substance Use Screening and Intervention
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: May 2023

This article reviews current codes and guidelines for reporting screening or brief assessment and intervention for use of tobacco, alcohol, or other substances. Topics include codes reported for the following:

Diagnosis codes for tobacco and substance use screening and interventions Use of standardized screening instruments for risk assessment Behavior change intervention services"
You Code It! Combined Preventive and Problem-Oriented Encounter
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: May 2023

Can you identify the appropriate codes for reporting each of the encounters?
Choosing Codes for Preventive Medicine Counseling
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: May 2023

The American Academy of Pediatrics Coding Hotline receives many questions about the use of the preventive medicine counseling codes alone or in conjunction with other evaluation and management (E/M) services. This article briefly discusses some of the topics that are raised in selecting codes for preventive counseling services.

Defining preventive medicine counseling Distinguishing preventive medicine counseling Selecting codes based on time
CCL3 and CCL5 as potential markers of carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability – preliminary research
Authors:   Klinika Neurologii i Udarów Mózgu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Konarska-Król Maria , Szpakowski Piotr ,   Klinika Neurologii i Udarów Mózgu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Kaźmierski Piotr ,   Klinika Neurologii i Udarów Mózgu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Głąbiński Andrzej ,   Klinika Neurologii i Udarów Mózgu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of ischaemic stroke. The study verified the hypothesis on the relationship between the expression of selected inflammatory markers and the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in stroke patients. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine CCL3 and CCL5 levels in both plasma and carotid atherosclerotic plaques in relation to the history of ischaemic stroke, as well as to assess plaque morphology and stability. Materials and methods: The levels of CCL3 and CCL5 chemokines were determined by ELISA for both plasma and supernatants of atherosclerotic plaque homogenates from patients undergoing endarterectomy due to at least 70% carotid artery stenosis. Results: Both chemokines were found in atherosclerotic plaques, with elevated CCL3 in unstable plaques. Furthermore, patients with atherosclerosis showed significantly higher plasma CCL5 compared to healthy individuals. Conclusions: The chemokines CCL3 and CCL5 are likely to be involved in the inflammatory processes contributing to the development of atherosclerotic plaque, but this needs to be confirmed in further studies.
Effects of hippotherapy on gross motor function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy – a scoping review
Authors:   Studenckie Koło Naukowe Rehabilitacji Pediatrycznej przy Klinice Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Jagielska-Zwierz Natalia , Matysiak Natalia ,   Studenckie Koło Naukowe Rehabilitacji Pediatrycznej przy Klinice Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Zając Justyna ,   Studenckie Koło Naukowe Rehabilitacji Pediatrycznej przy Klinice Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska; Centrum Zdrowia Adam Muszyński, Piaseczno, Polska, Gąsior Jakub S. ,   Klinika Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurological syndromes in children today. The most prevalent abnormalities in the development of patients with cerebral palsy are related to general motor skills, body posture and muscle tension. The sum of these disorders affects, inter alia, gross motor skills, which are movements involving either the entire body or a significant part of it. These include, for example, walking, running, jumping, swimming, and cycling. Nowadays, medicine offers many types of therapy to patients with cerebral palsy. Properly adjusted, they provide a chance to maintain appropriate levels of activity and physical fitness, and prevent the patient’s clinical condition from worsening. One of the supportive forms of therapy for people suffering from cerebral palsy is hippotherapy, which, thanks to its universal status, is an important complement to the rehabilitation process. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of hippotherapy on gross motor skills in children with cerebral palsy based on a literature review. Materials and methods: The MEDLINE PubMed medical database was reviewed as recommended by PRISMA, using the following keywords: “cerebral palsy” in combination with “hippotherapy” and “gross motor function.” The review included clinical trials examining the effects of hippotherapy on gross motor skills in children with cerebral palsy. Results: A total of 25 articles published between 1998 and 2021 were identified. The effects of hippotherapy on changes in gross motor activity were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), Functional Status Scale, Pediatric Balance Scale, Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Second Edition (BOT-2) scales, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and changes in selected gait determinants including walking speed and stride length. Conclusions: Hippotherapy improves gross motor skills in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy aged 3–19, classified as GMFCS levels I–V. However, more research is needed to establish the long-term effects of hippotherapy.
Saponin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced kidney and liver damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions
Authors: Golmohammadi Mohammad Ghasem , Banaei Shokofeh , Timar Mojgan , Abedi Ali
Published: May 2023

Background

The liver and kidney are organs affected by chemotherapy drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CP). This study examined the protective effects of treatment with saponin (SP) against CP-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Methods

24 adult male mice were divided into four groups (N = 6): Control group, CP (15 mg kg−1), SP (2.5 mg kg−1) and CP + SP. After treatment, blood samples were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters. Liver and kidney samples were taken for histological analysis and assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.

Results

Cyclophosphamide decreased renal and liver functions and antioxidant enzymes, which significantly increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (BUN, Cr), liver enzyme levels, malondialdehyde, nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kB) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) concentrations. Moreover, histopathological findings of the CP group showed that there were acute tubular necrosis and glomerular atrophy in the renal tissues and lymphocyte infiltration in the liver samples. Treatment with saponin improved hepatic and renal functions, pathological changes and antioxidant capacity, and also decreased lipid peroxidation and inflammation.

Conclusion

It seems that saponin could exert a hepato-nephroprotective effect against cyclophosphamide toxicity.
Theoretical study of chemical reactivity descriptors of some repurposed drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Morad Razieh , Akbari Mahmood , Maaza Malik
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on computational studies of chemical reactivity descriptors of some proposed drugs for COVID-19. Density functional theory calculations were used to optimize the structure and investigate the frontier orbitals and the chemical reactivity descriptors of these drugs. The frontier orbitals, which include both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), play an essential role in molecular interactions and chemical reactivity of molecule. Polarizability, which determines the response of the susceptibility of a molecule to an approaching charge, is higher in the more complex drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, and Ivermectin compare to the smaller drugs. The HOMO and LUMO orbital energies were calculated to obtain the energy gap of the studied drugs, which is in the following order: Favipiravir < Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir < Ivermectin < Artesunate < Artemether < Artemisinin. Generally, molecules with a larger energy gap have lower chemical reactivity and higher kinetic stability.

Graphical abstract
Types and Localization of Abdominal Adhesions after Open Operations (Experimental Study)
Authors:   Main Clinical Hospital of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Akhmedov F.T.
Published: May 2023

There is a great need for more efficient and more widely used preventive treatment of post-operative abdominal adhesions. Objective - to study the type of adhesions in the abdominal cavity after open operations in the experiment. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 90 white outbred rats divided into three groups. We mechanically damaged the surface of the small bowel segment in all rats. The control group (group 1) included 30 rats not administered any drugs into the abdominal cavity after the small bowel segment damage. The comparison group (group 2) consisted of 30 rats, which were introduced one mL of mezogel. The study group comprised 30 rats, which were administered a 1 mL mixture of metronidazole, dextran, contrykal (in a ratio of 1:1:0.1, respectively) + O2 into the abdominal cavity; the wound of the latter was closed using a layered suture technique. On days 5, 10 and 21, the tissues taken from the suture site, peritoneum, damaged small bowel segment, liver, and omentum were analysed histologically. Results. On day 10 in groups 1 and 2, compared to day 5, the proportion of filmy adhesions decreased by 45.9% (p=0.004), but the proportion of dense adhesions increased by 64.7%. The comparative between-group analysis on day 5 in groups 1 and 2 revealed no difference in the proportion of filmy adhesions, whereas in group 3 the proportion of filmy adhesions was 4% higher and the proportion of dense adhesions was 16.5% lower. Planar adhesions predominated in all groups. Conclusions. There were more filmy adhesions seen on day 1, and the complete dense adhesion formation was observed by day 21. Planar adhesions predominated (54.5  60.0%). The area of postoperative sutures was involved in the adhesion formation. The adhesions in the sutures - peritoneum area as well as the omental adhesions were detected in all animals. Introduction of drugs, mezogel or a mixture of metronidazole, dextran, contrykal + O2, into the abdominal cavity contributed to the reduction of adhesions between the small bowel loops. The experiments with laboratory animals were provided in accordance with all bioethical norms and guidelines. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
PLANE PROBLEMS ABOUT THE ACTION OF OSCILLATING LOAD ON THE BOUNDARY OF AN ELASTIC ISOTROPIC LAYER IN THE PRESENCE OF SURFACE STRESSES
Authors: Kalinina T. I. , Nasedkin A. V.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, symmetric and antisymmetric plane problems about the action of oscillating load on the boundary of an elastic isotropic nanothin layer are considered. The nanoscale layer thickness is considered by introducing surface stresses in accordance with the Gurtin-Murdoch theory. According to this theory, it is assumed that, in addition to external loads, surface stresses act on the layer boundaries, which are described by Hooke's “surface” law. As a result, the properties of the elastic material of the layer with nanoscale thickness become different from the properties of the material of a regular-sized body, which is typical for nanomechanics problems. A standard technique was used for the solution of formulated problems, including the application of limiting absorption principle, the Fourier transform over infinitely extended coordinate and the theory of residues for finding the inverse Fourier transform. It is shown how it is possible to obtain solutions in the form of series in natural waves, in which the wave numbers are defined as the roots of the corresponding dispersion equations. For a specific example, dispersion relations were studied and graphs of the first dispersion curves were plotted. The behavior of barrier frequencies, changes in wave numbers and zones of existence of backward waves at different nanoscale layer thicknesses are analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that for an ultrathin layer, surface effects have a significant impact on the dispersion relations, and the trends in the dispersion curves can differ significantly for different modes and layer thicknesses.
Zrównoważony rozwój – od idei do polityki
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Wodzikowski Czesław
Published: May 2023

In the sixties of the last century there appear the first publications and case studies challenging the current model of development. They pointed the global threats which it may cause. Interpenetration of these threats, causing in effect their strengthening, resulted in a real threat of an ecological catastrophe to an unprecedented scale, so far, because a global scale. The mankind began to realize that this is the effect of the existing trends in development of civilization which led to a huge disproportion between the desire of making the largest increase in production and consumption, and possibilities regarding the raw materials and regeneration of the Earth. The deepening divisions into the poor and rich were not without significance as well. Deepening of these factors led on one hand to the apathy and social pathologies, on the other hand – led to a new fanatical ideology creation, to the extremist movements and terrorism formation. A vision of a global outbreak of war with the use of mass destruction weapons was also terrifying. These phenomena, on account of the potential threats, became a subject of interest by the international politics run by the United Nations and its departments. As a result, there arose a new concept of a global development, which is now called a balanced development.
Ekspansja gospodarcza Chin w Afryce
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Gwiazda Adam ,   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego
Published: May 2023

In the recent years China has intensified its economic cooperation with the African countries in order to secure the new resource market. The trade between China and Africa has been expanding very quickly in the last few years and in September 2008, China’s customs authorities released an estimate of the value of bilateral trade at more than 100 billion dollars. For comparison the value of bilateral trade between China and Africa was in 2001 only 10,8 billion dollars. There also has been an enormous inflow of the Chinese direct investment into Africa. The most spectacular case of such investment was the take-over in October 2007 by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, one of the “Big-Four” state owned banks, a 20% stake in South Africa’s Standard Bank for 5,46 billion dollars. Earlier, in January 2006, state-controlled oil company China National Offshore Oil Corporation paid 2,3 billion dollars for a 45% stake in a Nigerian oil field. China’s economic expansion in Africa in viewed as the desire of that country to increase its presence on the black continent. Chinese authorities use the “noninterference” approach and are willing to form close partnerships with governments in Africa, which are considered unsavoury in the West, such as those of Sudan and Zimbabwe. Additionally, China’s aid and trade packages are not tied to any requirements for reform or government transparency and therefore undermine – mostly Western – efforts to encourage good governence. There are, however some fears that China will be a neocolonialist and simply use Africa as a resource market, taking away raw materials and selling fishined goods back to Africa, leaving Africans with depleted resources and no industry. There also are concerns that Chinese factories and mines in Africa will either use large numbers of Chinese workers instead of locals, or underpay and exploit local workers. The leaders of African states are learning from economic cooperation with China how to manage the relationship with China and adapt some elements of the Chinese economic model, different from the Western model, which in Africa has not yielded much fruit. However the African states should shape the common policy vis-a-vis cooperation with China in order to secure the best possible advantages from that cooperation.
Ochrona dóbr osobistych kandydatów w kampaniach wyborczych w 2005 i 2007 roku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Raźny Paweł
Published: May 2023

An election campaign is an inseparable element in an election process. During this time candidates convince citizens to vote for them or they try to denigrate an opponent. Sometimes they use to lie to destroy the political rival’s image. An election law forbids doing such things, because it makes campaign unfair and it could infringe personal rights such as good name, repute or image. An author in a first part of this article tries to answer such questions as: Which personal rights may be infringed in election campaign? What legal measures have candidates in parliamentary or presidential elections after the infringement of their rights? What are the rules of court procedure in these cases? Second part contains review of the most representative cases which have been considered by Polish courts during the campaigns in 2005 and 2007. Next the author enumerates advantages of presented regulations and suggests how they could be improved.
Parlament Europejski – wybrane aspekty ewolucji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Kosman Michał
Published: May 2023

The goal of the article is the presentation of the chosen aspects of the evolution of the European Parliament. The author presents the beginnings of this body in the structure of the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community. The leitmotiv of the article is to show the increase of the importance of the European Parliament during almost 60 years of its existence, from the advisory body to the co-deciding institution in the area of legislation of the European Community. The important manifestation of the European Parliament’s aspiration to strengthen its prerogatives was also the struggle to introduce the general election to this body. In the final part of the article the author tries to analyze the current position of the European Parliament in the institutional structure of the European Union.
Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Oral Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prevalence, Prevention, and Awareness of Vaccination in the Indian Population
Authors: Chaudhary Vigi , Chaudhary Naveen , Mathews Smitha , Singh Ragini D.
Published: May 2023

Human papilloma virus (HPV), one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, plays a pivotal role in head and neck cancer, primarily oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. HPV is a vaccine-preventable disease that also contributes to cervical cancer. Although HPV vaccination effectively protects the individual against all HPV-associated human carcinomas, the awareness of HPV vaccination and its acceptance is poor in developing nations like India. India has a very high burden of oral cancer, and, unfortunately, the morbidity and mortality rates are also high as the cancer is often detected at an advanced stage. In this review, we explore the prevalence of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma among the Indian population and the awareness of HPV vaccination among Indian youth. Since the prognosis for HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is good, early diagnosis of the cancer is crucial in improving the outcome of the treatment modalities. Efforts are needed to create and increase awareness of HPV vaccination. Routine screening for HPV infection in oral mucosa can prevent the silent epidemic from taking the lives of many young people.
Visual representation of safety in urban spaces: a tale of two neighbourhoods
Authors: Shahrad Azadeh
Published: May 2023

Urban studies have addressed the role of media with regard to the ways in which the production of news affects the practicing of urban life. Media promotes urban growth, but also plays a role in the creation of negative images ascribed to places and neighbourhoods. This paper explores discourses of safety and security, illustrated in Swedish newspaper representations of two neighbourhoods in Malmö, Sweden, with different social status. Content analysis and discourse analysis methods were used to contribute to the understanding of potentiality as well as hindrances for a just urban planning. The overall result shows a negative image of Bellevuegården as a problematic area, whereas Västra Hamnen is presented as an attractive and safe neighbourhood. The study also identifies the interrelations and intertextuality between each neighbourhood and the city of Malmö as a whole. It is highlighted how Malmö has struggled with its negative reputation as a dangerous city. To favour one and disfavour another area does not contribute to equality and integration, which is the vision involved in the comprehensive planning of Malmö city. It has been concluded that the news media's representation of neighbourhoods has influenced how they are perceived, both by inhabitants and by society at large.
CUMHURİYETİN 100. YILINDA TÜRKİYE’DE ÇALIŞMA STANDARTLARI
Authors: GÜLLÜ Gökhan , ARSLAN Yusuf
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı; çalışma standartlarının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ndeki 100 yıllık dönüşümünün dönemsel olarak incelenmesi ve çalışma standartlarının uygulamadaki sorunlarının belirgin hale getirilmesidir. İmparatorluktan Cumhuriyete geçişle oluşan endüstri ilişkileri sisteminin dönüşümünün gözlemlenebilmesi için hatta imparatorluk dönemi, Cumhuriyetin ilk yılları ve küreselleşeme sürecine geçiş ve sonrası dönemlerinde çalışma standartlarındaki dönüşümün incelenmesi çalışma standartlarının sosyo-kültürel etkilerini de görmek açısından oldukça önemlidir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden itibaren tarihsel süreç içerisinde zamanla olumlu gelişme gösteren çalışma standartları, 1980’li yıllar itibariyle küreselleşme olgusunun da etkisiyle birlikte olumsuz yönde gelişmeler yaşamaktadır. Bu durum dünyada endüstri ilişkilerinin değişmesine neden olduğu gibi gelişmekte olan ülkeleri de çalışma standartları konusunda dibe doğru bir yarışın içerisine çekmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti de 1990’lı yılların sonrasında bu dibe doğru yarışın aktörlerinden birisi haline gelmiş ve ucuz emeği doğrudan yabancı yatırımları çekebilmek adına bir avantaj olarak kullanmaya başlamıştır. 2000’li yıllardan itibaren Türkiye hızlı bir ekonomik büyüme sürecine girmiş olduğu görünse de elde edilen refahın çalışma standartlarının arttırılması konusunda etkili olmadığı hatta yapılan sektör (İnşaat gibi) tercihleri ile birlikte çalışma standartların düştüğü görülmektedir. Bu süreçte sadece sektör tercihlerinin değiş düzensiz göç gibi dışsal faktörlerin de etkisi oldukça fazladır. Bu çalışma sonucunda; 100 yaşında olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin endüstri ilişkileri ile ilgili politikalarını ILO sözleşmeleriyle uyumlu hale gelecek şekilde dönüştürmesi sonucunda çalışma standartlarındaki muhtemel gelişmeler tartışılmış ve sonraki politika tartışmaları için alan açılmıştır.
The problem of import substitution in metallurgy and refractory industry
Authors: Kononov V. A.
Published: May 2023

The problem of import substitution in metallurgy and refractory industry is considered. The state does not classify metallurgy as an industry that is heavily dependent on imports. Despite this, enterprises have problems in acquiring spare parts for operating equipment. In the refractory industry, due to Western sanctions, problems arose in obtaining raw materials for modern refractories for critical purposes. This problem can be solved by using parallel imports from China and friendly countries. Ref. 8.
Collection and preparation of raw materials for the refractory industry
Authors: Davydov S. Ya. , Apakashev R. A.
Published: May 2023

The characteristic of sand, which is the raw material of silicate and clay bricks, glass and mineral fibers, is given. Sand is a part of ceramic products used for the production of refractory products. A number of vehicles for collecting dust-forming materials are proposed. A trowel unit has been developed for collecting sand in a quarry. A fluidized bed drying unit for drying wet sand with a detailed description of its operation is proposed. Ill. 2. Ref. 11.
Effect of TiB2 and BN coatings on the thermal and stress-strain state of the surface layer of Si3N4‒TiC ceramics under the action of heat flow
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Fedorov M. Yu.
Published: May 2023

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Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî ve Ma‘rifetü ulûmi’l-hadîs’in Hadis Usulü Tarihindeki Yeri
Authors: Köklü Recep
Published: May 2023

Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî (öl. 405/1014), hadis usulü görüşleri Ehl-i hadis çevrelerde esas alınan önemli hadis münekkitlerindendir. O, Ma‘rifetü ulûmi’l-hadîs adlı eserini Ehl-i hadisin hadis usulü görüşlerini savunmak ve hadis ilimlerinin zayıflamaya başladığı bir dönemde hadis talebelerinin hadis usulüne vukufiyetini arttırmak için yazmıştır. Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî’nin bu eseri mütekaddimûn döneminin en kapsamlı ve hadis ilimlerini derli toplu bir şekilde ele alan ilk eseri olması açısından hadis usulü tarihinde önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu açıdan onun telif ettiği Ma‘rife, bazı müelliflerce müstakil ve kapsamlı ilk hadis usulü eseri olarak gösterilmektedir. Ayrıca Ma‘rifetü ulûmi’l-hadîs, müteahhirûn döneminin de temel kaynakları arasındadır. Ma‘rife, İbnü’s-Salâh’ın (öl. 643/1245) Ulûmü’l-hadîs’inin ana kaynağı olması açısından sonraki dönemin kurucu eserlerinin başında gelmektedir. Ma‘rife, hicrî IV. asrın ilk yarısında Horasan’da kurulmaya başlanan hadis medreseleri için hadis usulü alanında didaktik bir giriş eseri olmuştur. Nitekim hocası Ebû Bekir es-Sıbgî (öl. 342/953), kurmuş olduğu Dârüssünne’nin idaresini ona bırakmış ve Hâkim en-Nîsâbûrî, Ma‘rife’yi bu dönemde yazmıştır. Bu makalede Ma‘rifetü ulûmi’l-hadîs’in hadis usulü tarihindeki yeri ve klasik hadis usulü ilminin tesisindeki rolü üzerine bir inceleme yapılmaktadır.
Camellia sinensis, a natural product to support the treatment of medical and stomatological conditions
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Odontología, Lima, Perú., Reyes-Mansilla Ricardo , Cuentas-Robles Adelmo ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Odontología, Lima, Perú., Ramos-Perfecto Donald ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Odontología, Lima, Perú.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages in the world. The main components of Camellia sinensis include amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, flavins and purine alkaloids (xanthines). For this reason, in the field of medicine, Camellia sinensis has been used as an anticancer, anxiolytic, antidiabetic, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, chemopreventive, cytotoxic and apoptogenic, genoprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, hemato-protective, and in wound healing, among other uses. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the use of C. sinensis as supportive therapy in the treatment of oral disorders. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Academic databases. Articles from studies of Camellia sinensis were reviewed and those from a secondary source, such as literature review articles, were excluded Results: A total of 12 full-text articles were selected for review, in which the properties of Camellia sinensis are detailed. Conclusions: According to the bibliography reviewed, C. sinensis exhibits anticariogenic properties, applications in the treatment of dental erosion, applications in the treatment of gingivitis and bacterial plaque, and applications in the prevention of oral cancer; however, more controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety of use. Keywords: Camellia sinensis; Botany; Functional claim; Therapeutics; Dentistry; Systematic Review.
ATG3 construct cloning v1
Authors: not provided lmstrong
Published: May 2023

ATG3 cloning
Family as An Educational Environment That Can Provide Science Education for Children with Special Needs
Authors: Maryanti Rina , Asjjari M.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the science education provided by families to students with special needs. We used qualitative research methods. The subjects in this study were families and students with special needs (students with visual impairment, hearing impairment, intellectual disabilities, physical impairment, and Down syndrome) in one of the special schools in Indonesia. The results showed that most families fully gave up the responsibility for providing science education to school teachers. In addition, they thought that learning science is very complicated because it relates to formulas and numbers, so they thought children with special needs unable to learn about science. Whereas science education is very broad because it deals with natural phenomenon that occurs in everyday life. Students with special needs learned easily through the habituation process.
Usability of Assistive Technologies for the Learners with Hearing Impairment in Federal College of Education
Authors: Daramola Florence Olutunu
Published: May 2023

The study was geared towards the usability of assistive technologies for learners with hearing impairment. Descriptive research of the Survey design was adopted. The sample comprised of one hundred and ten hearing impaired students of Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo. An adopted checklist and a structured questionnaire were utilized in collecting data while simple percentages, mean standard deviation, and t-test was used to analyze the data collected. The results of the study indicated that assistive technologies in FCE (SP) Oyo are generally available and functional; the use of assistive technologies among the learners with hearing impairment in FCE (SP) Oyo is high. Also, the result indicated that learners with hearing impairment in FCE (SP) Oyo have a positive attitude towards the use of assistive technologies.  There was no significant difference between male and female learners with hearing impairment in the use of assistive technologies in FCE (SP) Oyo. It was recommended among others that learners with hearing impairment should be encouraged to adopt the ultimate use of assistive technologies.
Öğrencilerin Uzaktan Öğrenme Ortamında Eğitim Yaşantısının Memnuniyete Etkisi
Authors: MEŞE Can
Published: May 2023

Uzaktan eğitimde derslerin niteliğinin değerlendirilmesinde öğrencilerin akademik başarısı dikkat çekerken öğrencilerin duyuşsal özelliklerini ifade eden memnuniyet gibi değişkenlerin de ele alınmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Covid-19 salgın sürecinde acil uzaktan eğitimde öğrenci memnuniyetini yordayan değişkenlerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda öğrencilerin öğretmen desteği, öğrenci etkileşimi ve iş birliği, kişisel uygunluk, otantik öğrenme, aktif öğrenme ve öğrenci özerkliği değişkenleri temelinde öğrenci memnuniyetinin belirleyicileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, 2019-2020 Eğitim Öğretim yılının Bahar Döneminde 1549 ön lisans ve lisans öğrencisiyle yürütülmüştür. Tarama desenlerinden kesitsel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmada yordayıcı değişkenlerin öğrenci memnuniyetine katkısını belirlemek için regresyon ve CHAID analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz bulgularına göre öğretmen desteği, otantik (gerçekçi) öğrenme, öğrenci iletişimi ve iş birliği ve kişisel uygunluk değişkenlerinin uzaktan eğitimde öğrenci memnuniyetinin birer yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra araştırma kapsamında bu değişkenlerin öğrenci memnuniyetine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın bu bulgusuna göre öğretmen desteği algısı yüksek olan öğrencilerden öncelikle kişisel uygunluk algısı yüksek ve daha sonra otantik (gerçekçi) öğrenme algısı yüksek olanların en yüksek memnuniyet düzeyine sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulgularının uzaktan öğrenme sürecine ilişkin öğrenci deneyimlerini yansıtması açısından yapılacak çalışmalara temel oluşturması öngörülmektedir. Ayrıca araştırma bulgularının uzaktan eğitimin niteliğini arttırmaya yönelik kurumlara yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.
Fitogeografia das savanas sul-americanas
Authors: Borghetti Fabian , Barbosa Eduardo , Ribeiro Leandro , Ribeiro José Felipe , Maciel Everton , Walter Bruno Machado Teles
Published: May 2023

As savanas da América do Sul representam entre 8 e 10% da cobertura das savanas globais. De forma dispersa, elas cobrem pouco mais de 2,29 milhões de quilômetros quadrados no continente, e representam o espectro mais úmido e mais biodiverso das savanas globais. As savanas sul-americanas apresentam considerável grau de endemismo e suas características climáticas e composição em espécies são bastante influenciadas por biomas florestais vizinhos, como a Amazônia e a Mata Atlântica. Savanas sul-americanas ocorrem sobre solos que variam de arenosos a argilosos, em altitudes desde cerca de 150 metros até em torno de 2.000 metros acima do nível do mar, e em enclaves tão pequenos quanto 50 km2 até extensões imensas como aquelas ocorrentes no planalto central brasileiro. Muitas destas savanas são sujeitas a alagamento periódico o que as tornam únicas na sua dinâmica. Este artigo apresenta a revisão de um conjunto de informações sobre as savanas ocorrentes no continente sul-americano, analisando conceitos e abordando desde suas principais características climáticas, até particularidades da vegetação e da flora, espécies mais comuns e atributos funcionais. Muitas destas informações estão organizadas em tabelas, facilitando o acesso a dados pontuais. Assuntos correlatos, como a toxicidade imposta pelo alumínio presente nos solos de muitas delas e a presença de formações florestais e campestres ocorrendo na paisagem junto às formações savânicas são apresentados de forma complementar. Este artigo cobre uma lacuna acerca das formações savânicas na América do Sul e vem contribuir para a divulgação do conhecimento deste importante, complexo, mal compreendido e ameaçado ecossistema.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in pediatric hematologic malignancies
Authors: Gribkova I. V.
Published: May 2023

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as therapy in adult patients with malignancy has resulted in an improvement in overall survival. Research on the use of these drugs in pediatric oncology is just beginning. However, the results already obtained indicate the possibility of successful use of checkpoint inhibitors in children with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and some subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. This review analyzes the results of studies on the use of nivolumab and pembrolizumab for the treatment of children with lymphomas. The search for available literature sources was carried out in the databases PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary, Cyberleninka. The review also addresses the issue of possible predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in children.