bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models and monism
Authors: Commandeur Leon
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I critically examine the monist interpretation of the logic-as-model view that Erik Stei puts forth in Logical Pluralism and Logical Consequence. I will argue that, in addition to the three dimensions presented in the book, there is a fourth dimension on which pluralism in logic could arise, namely epistemological pluralism. An example of such a form of pluralism is model pluralism, being the idea that we need multiple models to fully account for the subject matter of logic. Such a form of pluralism is well-recognized and widely acknowledged in (model-based) science. I argue that if we endorse the logic-as-model view, then we should also recognize such a form of model pluralism in logic. While model pluralism is consistent with metaphysical monism — the idea that there is ultimately only one extra-systemic logical consequence relation — it does put pressure on the idea that there is one uniquely best model that fully captures that phenomenon.
Evolution of the Arborescent Gymnosperms
Authors: Page Christopher N.
Published: November 2024

The arborescent gymnosperms are the most prevalent trees in one-third of the world's forests, and have dominated the Earth's forest ecosystems through much of evolutionary time. They encompass over 70 living genera and nearly 700 species of evergreen conifers and related trees, and include the largest and longest-lived organisms on this planet. This two-volume treatise provides detailed descriptions of each genus based on first-hand surveys of their structure, adaption, ecology, function and development. It also incorporates evidence from molecular studies, palaeobotany and environmental data to provide a holistic understanding of their overall evolution and diversity. Covering the world's temperate and tropical forests, Volume 1 principally focuses on Northern Hemisphere genera while Volume 2 covers those with a predominantly Southern Hemisphere range. Together, the set provides a comprehensive, global reference for researchers in palaeobotany, plant science, geobiology, evolutionary biology, ecology and plant genetics, as well as arboriculturists and conservation managers.
Evaluation of reduced-order models for the rapid aerodynamic analysis of supersonic and hypersonic bodies
Authors: Urraza Atue S. , Bruce P.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of reduced-order models (ROMs) for the determination of pressure coefficient distributions on supersonic and hypersonic bodies. The study investigates the limitations, aerodynamic precision and computational performance associated with various methodologies, ranging from simplistic Newtonian theory-based approaches to more advanced first and second-order shock-expansion theories. Validation is performed by comparing computed results with experimental and computational data for pressure distributions, drag and lift coefficients and centres of pressure for fundamental geometries and authentic vehicle design over a wide range of freestream conditions. The study also includes a comprehensive computational complexity analysis, demonstrating the superiority of finite-element ROM approaches over traditional finite-volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The primary objective of this paper is to scrutinise the extension of these methodological classes to the low supersonic regime. Hence, thermo-chemical reactions within the flow are disregarded, and the ideal gas law is adopted. A value of
$\gamma = 1.4$
is chosen for consistency and comparability across the analyses. The proposed ROMs show remarkable potential for reducing high-speed simulation execution times by four orders of magnitude, maintaining accuracy within 20 per cent and as low as 1 per cent. The study unveils three key findings: first, the accuracy degradation of Newtonian-based theories for inclined elements, particularly around 45 degrees, and their reduced dependency on Mach number at large inclination. Secondly, the study presents novel insights into the impact of shock-wave-Mach-wave interactions on pressure distribution calculations, emphasising the Mach number as a crucial metric governing recompression effects. Lastly, the study demonstrates the exceptional accuracy of DeJarnette’s method, providing
${C_P}$
results within 2 per cent for a wide range of conditions, offering an attractive alternative to the Taylor-Maccoll equation.
Comparing the effects of two initial specimen diversion techniques on blood culture contamination rates and clinical outcomes—a multicenter study
Authors: Febres-Aldana Anthony , Ashley Patrycja , Amenta Eva , Duffey Megan , Sepulveda Theresa , Lopez Corina , Shay Sabra , Barrett Miriam , Lasco Todd , Pipkins Takei , Reed Margaret , Lembcke Bradley , Al Mohajer Mayar
Published: November 2024

Although the initial specimen diversion device (ISDD) has been shown to reduce blood culture contamination (BCC) rates, its impact on clinical outcomes remains unclear. This multicenter study showed that ISDD significantly decreased BCC. However, there was no reduction in length of stay, days of therapy, or central line-associated bloodstream infections.
“Keeping us on our toes”: a review of what clinicians need to know about vancomycin-variable Enterococcus
Authors: Hawkins Marten R. , Medvedeva Natalia , Wang Hannah , Banaei Niaz , Holubar Marisa K.
Published: November 2024

Enterococcus faecium is a difficult-to-treat gram positive organism with increasing rates of resistance to vancomycin which is commonly mediated through the vanA gene cluster. There have been international reports of E. faecium isolates that are genotypically positive for vanA but phenotypically vancomycin-susceptible. These isolates, commonly called vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE), can convert to phenotypic vancomycin resistance upon exposure to vancomycin. Multiple mechanisms for this genotypic-phenotypic mismatch have been reported and most commonly involve the regulatory components of the vanA gene cluster. VVE are challenging to identify unless microbiology labs routinely implement both genotypic and phenotypic screening methods. VVE has been associated with outbreaks and has become a prevalent pathogen in several countries. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms, microbiology and epidemiology of VVE. Clinicians must remain vigilant for VVE as diagnosis can be challenging and treatment failure on vancomycin is possible.
Antimicrobial stewardship and quality improvement strategies in critical access hospitals: a process evaluation of an intensive quality improvement cohort
Authors: Kassamali-Escobar Zahra , Hartlage Whitney , Chan Jeannie D. , Castillo Alyssa , Martinez-Paz Natalia , Bajenov Maria , Jain Rupali , Lynch John B. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe
Published: November 2024

We describe our experience implementing an intensive quality improvement cohort pilot focused on managing asymptomatic bacteriuria in 19 critical access hospitals. Participation in the pilot was high, and almost all sites identified an improvement goal and collected clinical data. Barriers to implementation included staffing shortages, turnover, and lack of bandwidth.
Wall-Eyed Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia: History and Hypothesis
Authors: Johnston Janine L. , Sharpe James A.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Most patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) are orthotropic, although a subset is exotropic. When INO is bilateral, this is termed wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO). In 1979, Sharpe described his “first case” of wall-eyed monocular internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEMINO) as “a unique clinical syndrome” characterized by unilateral INO and ipsilateral exotropia.

Methods:

WEMINO was clinically identified in seven patients, with oculographic correlation in six and neuropathological confirmation in one. Oculographic features of exotropic INO patients were compared with those of six orthotropic INO patients using magnetic search coil and infrared oculography.

Results:

All clinically defined WEMINO patients showed slowed, hypometric ipsilateral saccades by oculography. Six patients had ipsilateral exotropia, and three had ipsilateral hypertropia. Ipsilateral abducting saccades had faster peak velocities for smaller saccades, more so for orthotropic patients. Exotropic patients had normal sinusoidal mean vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gains and phases; orthotropic patients had subnormal mean VOR gains and phase leads.

Conclusion:

WEMINO is a clinical ocular motor syndrome characterized by unilateral slow, hypometric adducting saccades with exotropia and hypertropia of the ipsilateral eye. We propose that it results from discrete unilateral damage to burst-tonic fibers in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) with sparing of the adjacent extrafascicular pathways. Paradoxically, orthotropic INO results from more extensive damage to ascending pathways lateral, ventral and caudal to the MLF. Direct injury to the medial rectus subnucleus is not required. This manuscript was in preparation at the time of Dr Sharpe’s death in 2013 and is an acknowledgement of his forward-thinking, as his hypotheses have stood the test of time.
Investissement
Authors: Côté Charles-Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Après un endormissement remontant à la période prépandémique, la pratique conventionnelle du Canada en matière d’investissement connaît un regain de vigueur en 2023. L’adoption de codes de conduite pour les arbitres et les juges constitue le premier résultat tangible des discussions en cours au Groupe de travail III de la Commission des Nations Unies pour le droit commercial international (CNUDCI) sur la réforme du règlement des différends entre investisseurs et États (RDIE).1 Le redémarrage du programme de conclusion d’accords sur la promotion et la protection des investissements étrangers (APIE) permet de mettre en application pour la première fois l’APIE-type du Canada de 2021.2 Sur le plan du contentieux d’investissement, le 30 juin 2023 marque la fin du régime transitoire de RDIE de l’Accord entre le Canada, les États-Unis et le Mexique (ACÉUM).3 Bien que le Canada et les États-Unis ne font pas l’objet d’une avalanche de réclamations avec la fin du RDIE dans leurs rapports réciproques, une controverse importante subsiste dans plusieurs affaires pendantes quant à la portée de ce régime transitoire. Par ailleurs, le contentieux impliquant les investisseurs canadiens à l’étranger montre un nouveau visage en 2023 avec les deux premières réclamations de la part de sociétés d’État. Les codes de conduite de la CNUDCI font l’objet d’une analyse détaillée dans la chronique cette année. Un tour d’horizon des principaux autres faits marquants de 2023 est d’abord effectué en ce qui concerne la pratique conventionnelle et la pratique contentieuse du Canada.
COVID-19 Prevention Practices and Vaccine Acceptability Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Households in an Agricultural Community—Washington, 2020
Authors: Ortiz Nancy , Hoffman Adela , Schnall Amy Helene , Clara Alexey , Lilo Emily A. , Lofgren Hannah , Guerrero Lisa , Miller James S. , Houck Peter , Weed Nathan , Monterroso Edgar
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate COVID-19 disparities between Hispanic/Latino persons (H/L) and non-H/L persons in an agricultural community by examining behavioral and demographic differences.

Methods

In September 2020, we conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response in Wenatchee and East Wenatchee, Washington, to evaluate differences between H/L and non-H/L populations in COVID-19 risk beliefs, prevention practices, household needs, and vaccine acceptability. We produced weighted sample frequencies.

Results

More households from predominately H/L census blocks (H/L-CBHs) versus households from predominately non-H/L census blocks (non-H/L-CBHs) worked in essential services (79% versus 57%), could not telework (70% versus 46%), and reported more COVID-19 cases (19% versus 4%). More H/L-CBHs versus non-H/L-CBHs practiced prevention strategies: avoiding gatherings (81% versus 61%), avoiding visiting friends/family (73% versus 36%), and less restaurant dining (indoor 24% versus 39%). More H/L-CBHs versus non-H/L-CBHs needed housing (16% versus 4%) and food assistance (19% versus 6%). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in H/L-CBHs and non-H/L-CBHs was 42% versus 46%, respectively.

Conclusions

Despite practicing prevention measures with greater frequency, H/L-CBHs had more COVID-19 cases. H/L-CBHs worked in conditions with a higher likelihood of exposure. H/L-CBHs had increased housing and food assistance needs due to the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability was similarly low (<50%) between groups.
Nowhere else in the world? The Korean Safe Rates System in global context
Authors: Liem Wol-san , Baek Doojoo
Published: November 2024

The Korean ‘Safe Trucking Freight Rates System’ (‘Safe Rates System’) was an important effort to address road safety risks by regulating road transport supply chains. In effect between 2020 and 2022, the system set minimum standards for truck driver pay and placed obligations on road transport supply chain parties to comply with these standards. In this article, we explain how the system developed in response to the deregulation and restructuring of the road freight market in the late 1980s and 1990s. We also trace the influence on the system of regulatory development in Australia and debates at the International Labour Organization (ILO). In 2019, workers, employers, and government representatives at the ILO reached an agreement on the main principles of the Safe Rates regulatory model through the adoption of the Guidelines on the promotion of decent work and road safety in the transport sector. We use these principles to explain and evaluate the Korean system. We also summarise assessments of the system’s impact, arguing that the results of the few studies that exist, justify the continuation of the system. By locating Korean Safe Rates as part of a broader global trend, we respond to opponents’ claims that the system is without international precedent and make the system eligible for a global audience. In so doing, we seek to contribute to the ongoing debate about the reintroduction of Safe Rates in Korea and draw lessons from the Korean experience that may be used in other countries.
Antimicrobial stewardship to reduce overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in critical access hospitals: measuring a quality improvement intervention
Authors: Ciarkowski Claire E. , Imlay Hannah N. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe , Chan Jeannie D. , Hartlage Whitney , Hersh Adam L. , Lynch John B. , Martinez-Paz Natalia , Spivak Emily S. , Hardin Hannah , White Andrea T. , Wu Chaorong , Vaughn Valerie M. , Kassamali Escobar Zahra
Published: November 2024

Background:

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) treatment is a common form of antibiotic overuse and diagnostic error. Antibiotic stewardship using the inappropriate diagnosis of urinary tract infection (ID-UTI) measure has reduced ASB treatment in diverse hospitals. However, critical access hospitals (CAHs) have differing resources that could impede stewardship. We aimed to determine if stewardship including the ID-UTI measure could reduce ASB treatment in CAHs.

Methods:

From October 2022 to July 2023, ten CAHs participated in an Intensive Quality Improvement Cohort (IQIC) program including 3 interventions to reduce ASB treatment: 1) learning labs (ie, didactics with shared learning), 2) mentoring, and 3) data-driven performance reports including hospital peer comparison based on the ID-UTI measure. To assess effectiveness of the IQIC program, change in the ID-UTI measure (ie, percentage of patients treated for a UTI who had ASB) was compared to two non-equivalent control outcomes (antibiotic duration and unjustified fluoroquinolone use).

Results:

Ten CAHs abstracted a total of 608 positive urine culture cases. Over the cohort period, the percentage of patients treated for a UTI who had ASB declined (aOR per month = 0.935, 95% CI: 0.873, 1.001, P = 0.055) from 28.4% (range across hospitals, 0%-63%) in the first to 18.6% (range, 0%-33%) in the final month. In contrast, antibiotic duration and unjustified fluoroquinolone use were unchanged (P = 0.768 and 0.567, respectively).

Conclusions:

The IQIC intervention, including learning labs, mentoring, and performance reports using the ID-UTI measure, was associated with a non-significant decrease in treatment of ASB, while control outcomes (duration and unjustified fluoroquinolone use) did not change.
Evidently Not: Why Confessions Are Excluded in Jewish Criminal Jurisprudence
Authors: Flatto David C.
Published: November 2024

Of all the principles in classical Jewish law that stand out from a comparative legal perspective perhaps none is more notable than the ban on self-incrimination in criminal procedures. Contrary to the most basic evidentiary assumptions of other ancient legal systems, this principle differs fundamentally from the right to remain silent that is part of both early modern and modern legal systems. Only rabbinic jurisprudence incorporates an outright exclusion of criminal confessions. Despite receiving much scholarly attention over the centuries, this principle’s fundamental justification relating to the rule of law and the public pursuit of justice has gone unnoticed. This article explores this salient jurisprudential perspective, and sheds new light on this principle by contrasting the Jewish legal approach with the primary modes of criminal adjudication that were adopted in the West. What emerges from this comparative analysis is that this seemingly anomalous principle actually reveals much about the core commitments and values of Jewish law. These, in turn, have substantial implications for certain contemporary legal practices and dilemmas.
The road less travelled: An exploratory study of the association between top management team dissimilarity and innovation capability
Authors: Rössig Sarah-Alena , Schmidt Susanne
Published: November 2024

This study extends the upper echelons literature by shedding light on the role of top management team (TMT) dissimilarity, a specific conceptualization of team diversity. TMTs are typically composed of members from different functional areas who have unique information and values. The perception of the degree to which TMT members view themselves as dissimilar from other team members affects the TMT’s decision-making and, therefore, organizational outcomes. However, research does not address this perspective of TMT diversity. We examine how informational and value dissimilarity among TMT members is associated with incremental and radical innovation capability. We survey top managers from various industries and use partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis to explore the association between TMT dissimilarity and innovation capability empirically. The findings show that informational dissimilarity is positively associated with incremental innovation capability. Value dissimilarity is negatively associated with incremental innovation capability, whereas it is positively associated with radical innovation capability.
Mutual trust and employee performance of virtual and face-to-face dyads in multilatina organisations
Authors: Román-Calderón Juan Pablo , Gentilin Mariano
Published: November 2024

Firms are calling their employees back to the office because of concerns about employee productivity, collaboration, and trust. Thus, knowledge about the psychosocial aspects of virtual work environments is now more essential than ever. This study compared the relationships between mutual cognitive trust and employee performance in virtual and face-to-face leader–member dyads. Numerous studies have adopted a unidirectional approach to leader–member trust, exhibiting difficulties related to common method bias. The validity of previous research results comparing trust in face-to-face and virtual leader–member dyads can also be questioned because of other methodological drawbacks. We examined mutual trust and employee performance using different raters. We utilised the multigroup exploratory approach to simultaneously analyse face-to-face and virtual dyads formed by 180 leaders and 561 employees working at a multilatina company. Our results reveal the existence of differences between virtual and face-to-face leader–member dyads vis-à-vis mutual cognitive trust and employee performance relationship.
BOREL LINE GRAPHS
Authors: ANDERSON JAMES , BERNSHTEYN ANTON
Published: November 2024

We characterize Borel line graphs in terms of 10 forbidden induced subgraphs, namely the nine finite graphs from the classical result of Beineke together with a 10th infinite graph associated with the equivalence relation

$\mathbb {E}_0$

on the Cantor space. As a corollary, we prove a partial converse to the Feldman–Moore theorem, which allows us to characterize all locally countable Borel line graphs in terms of their Borel chromatic numbers.
Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in psychiatry and mental health care: a systematic review
Authors: Kolding Sara , Lundin Robert M. , Hansen Lasse , Østergaard Søren Dinesen
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Tools based on generative artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT have the potential to transform modern society, including the field of medicine. Due to the prominent role of language in psychiatry, e.g., for diagnostic assessment and psychotherapy, these tools may be particularly useful within this medical field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on generative AI applications in psychiatry and mental health.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was conducted across three databases, and the resulting articles were screened independently by two researchers. The content, themes, and findings of the articles were qualitatively assessed.

Results:

The search and screening process resulted in the inclusion of 40 studies. The median year of publication was 2023. The themes covered in the articles were mainly mental health and well-being in general – with less emphasis on specific mental disorders (substance use disorder being the most prevalent). The majority of studies were conducted as prompt experiments, with the remaining studies comprising surveys, pilot studies, and case reports. Most studies focused on models that generate language, ChatGPT in particular.

Conclusions:

Generative AI in psychiatry and mental health is a nascent but quickly expanding field. The literature mainly focuses on applications of ChatGPT, and finds that generative AI performs well, but notes that it is limited by significant safety and ethical concerns. Future research should strive to enhance transparency of methods, use experimental designs, ensure clinical relevance, and involve users/patients in the design phase.
Hunted to Extinction: Finding Lost Species in the World of Bernard Palissy (1510–89)
Authors: Schneider Jeremy Robin
Published: November 2024

Contrary to the idea that awareness of extinction is quintessentially modern, this article argues that Bernard Palissy conceived of extinct species—what he called “lost species” (“espèces perdues”)—in the sixteenth century. This premodern craftsman knew that human activity caused species to vanish. But how? By retracing his interactions with merchants and fishermen at the French Atlantic ports, I show that Palissy learned about the overfishing of waters from other commercial actors. Rather than paint human-caused extinction as a novel insight, I demonstrate that Palissy drew on common vernacular knowledge about the depletion of the ocean. Palissy's pronouncements, it is further shown, expand his well-known polemic against bookish learning. The artisan championed practical experience against a textual tradition of natural history, exposing the latter's silence on commercially decimated species.
Riccio, Ruzante, and the Localized Languages of Renaissance Bronze
Authors: Carlson Raymond
Published: November 2024

Andrea Riccio was renowned for making bronze statuettes of classical subjects, especially satyrs. His sculptures have long been associated with humanist culture in Padua, where he worked, but this article reveals how they also engaged regional vernacular traditions in the aftermath of the War of the League of Cambrai. An impactful source was Ruzante's plurilingual comedy “La Pastoral.” Confronting Venetian hegemony, Riccio and Ruzante revitalized Padua's ancient legacy by molding the pastoral around popular concerns. While Renaissance bronze casting and dialect literature have been analyzed independently, their local interchange demonstrates sculpture's potency in addressing interests shared among artisans and writers.
Structural Responsibility
Authors: MARIN MARA
Published: November 2024

I argue that current normative discussions of the responsibility for structural injustice are marred by an inadequate socio-theoretical view of structures and their functioning. This view reduces the relation between structures and actions to one of constraint: structures mainly inhibit transformative action; transformative action can only come from outside structures. I offer an alternative view of structures and their functioning that, drawing on and extending Sewell’s and Haslanger’s conceptions of structures and Arendt’s view of action, shows that actions are structurally and publicly constituted—they acquire social meaning in relation to structures, in a process of public interpretation—which is why they can transform the structures where they originate. Responsibility to dismantle unjust structures should then be understood as “structural responsibility”: responsibility to act from one’s structural position in ways that can disrupt the mechanisms of structural maintenance.
A new species of Creptotrema (Allocreadiidae) in Cambeva davisi (Siluriformes) from river streams in fragments of the Atlantic Rainforest, southern Brazil
Authors: Aguiar A. , Ebert M. B. , Gomes G.P. , Teixeira G.M. , de Souza G.A. , da Silva R.J.
Published: November 2024

We described Creptotrema cambeve n. sp. from the intestine of the Brazilian catfish Cambeva davisi (Haseman, 1911) (= Trichomycterus davisi) based on integrative analyses using morphological and molecular approaches. Creptotrema cambeve n. sp. closely resembles morphologically Creptotrema paraense Vicente, Santos & Souza, 1978, which was described from a siluriform fish in Northern Brazil; however, the two species differ mainly in the oral and ventral sucker sizes and the distribution of the vitellaria. The phylogenetic analyses of the 28S rDNA placed the sequences of the new species in a monophyletic clade together with all other Creptotrema spp. and as sister taxon of Creptotrema cruste Alcantara, Ebert, Ferreira-Silva, Forti, Morais, Pérez-Ponce de León & Silva, 2024, a parasite from a Brazilian anuran. Genetic divergences between the new species and other Creptotrema spp. varied from 0.2% to 4.3%, further corroborating the distinction of the new taxon. Creptotrema cambeve n. sp. is the 18th nominal Creptotrema species known from South America and the 22nd erected in the genus. This is the first study reporting a trematode in Cambeva spp. hosts and the second parasitological survey carried out for Ca. davisi, a poorly known small endemic fish.
Anantrum gallopintoi sp. nov. (Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849), a cestode parasite of the shorthead lizardfish Synodus scituliceps (Synodontidae) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Santoro M. , López-Verdejo A. , Occhibove F. , Angulo A. , Rojas A. , Cortés J. , Solano-Barquero A.
Published: November 2024

A new species of bothriocephalid cestode in the genus Anantrum is described from the intestine of the shorthead lizardfish Synodus scituliceps from the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The new species is described based on an integrative taxonomic approach that includes the use of light and scanning electron microscopy, 28S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Anantrum gallopintoi sp. nov. is the third known member of this genus and can be distinguished from A. tortum (Linton, 1905) and A. histocephalum Jensen & Heckmann, 1977 by a combination of morphological and ecological traits and, in particular, by having a vaginal sphincter, different number of testes, and different type host and type locality. The molecular analysis and the phylogenetic reconstructions supported its status as a new taxon placing it within a well-supported separate branch of Anantrum spp. subclade. According to the present finding, S. scituliceps represents a new host record and Costa Rica a new geographical record for Anantrum species, and, in general, for a bothriocephalid cestode.
Not anxious enough: The discursive articulation of ontological security in the European Parliament
Authors: Diez Thomas , von Lucke Franziskus
Published: November 2024

This paper makes the case for a discursive understanding of ontological security and demonstrates the utility of such an approach in an analysis of European Parliament (EP) debates between 1990 and 2020. We argue that articulations of ontological (in)security operate through the (re)inscription of a set of metanarratives in what we call ‘discursive nodal points’. Building on an extensive analysis of EP debates over 30 years, we demonstrate that in contrast to the prevailing view of the European Union (EU) as an ‘anxious community’, at least on the political level, EU actors remain surprisingly confident in the European project. While they do invoke challenges to the EU, they see these as incentives to strengthen the integration project and often consider operating in crisis mode as an essential EU characteristic. In doing so, they draw on modernist metanarratives of progress, control, and power to construct an ontologically secure EU. We argue that the future ontological security of the EU will partly depend on allowing for more ambiguity in this modernist narrative without accepting a nationalist counter-narrative that undermines the idea of European integration.
Organized Capitalism and Organized Science
Authors: Kocka Jürgen
Published: November 2024

This article compares two different ways in which German industries, during the half century before 1914, managed to integrate useful results from scientific research: At the time, on the one hand there was single-firm-based industrial research, and on the other the cooperation of science, business, and government in the Emperor William Society for the Advancement of Sciences (1911) out of which, after the Second World War, the Max Planck Society emerged. On this basis, the article discusses similarities and tensions between capitalism and the sciences which, in spite of some structural similarities, follow different logics.
International capital flows in the process of longevity catch-up
Authors: Inagaki Kazuyuki
Published: November 2024

Using a polynomial cointegration technique, this paper shows that the bilateral US current account balance with China has a U-shaped relationship with the life expectancy gap between the US and China. A narrowing gap initially increases the US deficit with China, but eventually, this increased US deficit falls with the further catching-up of Chinese life expectancy. The life expectancy gap between the two countries has been below the threshold level since 2013, and this demographic trend has the potential to improve the US deficit with China. This U-shaped relationship can be theoretically reproduced. A two-country overlapping generations model indicates that the effect of life expectancy is decomposed into four components: retirement savings, social security burden, the number of elderly workers, and the productivity of elderly workers. The total effect of foreign life expectancy on the home current account balance exhibits a sign change in the catching-up of foreign life expectancy.
The potential of autonomous delivery services to increase fast-food consumption
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Booth Leon , Farrar Victoria , Godic Branislava , Vidanaarachchi Rajith , Karl Charles , Thompson Jason
Published: November 2024

Objective:

Technological innovations in the online food delivery sector include the use of autonomous delivery vehicles. The aim of the present study was to investigate consumers’ intentions to use these services once they are widely available and their motivations for using them to access unhealthy food.

Design:

Online survey including a vignette describing a future world where autonomous food deliveries are in common use in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas.

Setting:

Australia.

Participants:

1078 Australians aged 18 years and older, nationally representative by sex, age and location (metropolitan v. non-metropolitan residence).

Results:

Around half of the sample reported intending to use an autonomous food delivery service at least once per week for fast food (53 %) and/or healthy pre-prepared food (50 %). Almost two-thirds (60 %) intended using autonomous vehicle deliveries to receive groceries. Around one in five (17 %) anticipated an increase in their fast-food intake as a result of access to autonomous delivery services compared with one in two (46 %) expecting others’ total fast-food intake to increase. The most common reason provided for using autonomous food deliveries was increased convenience. More frequent current fast-food ordering, higher socio-economic status, younger age and regional location were significantly associated with an anticipated increase in fast-food consumption.

Conclusions:

The emergence of autonomous food delivery systems may bring both benefits and adverse consequences that in combination are likely to constitute a substantial regulatory challenge. Proactive efforts will be required to avoid negative public health nutrition outcomes of this transport evolution.
Africa in Du Bois’s Internationalist Thinking
Authors: Hassanzadeh Navid
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the recent interest in Black Internationalism in the history of political thought and related fields by engaging with a portion of W. E. B. Du Bois’s (1868–1963) work. It examines in particular how Du Bois treats Africa in his published and unpublished writings from the 1910s to the 1940s in light of the challenges of world war and continued imperial expansionism in the global South. I argue that through a rhetorical framing of problems on the continent, and by situating Africa in relation to global economic problems as well as the goal of long-lasting peace, Du Bois comes up with novel approaches to war and empire, as well as solutions to the problems that they pose. I conclude by reflecting on how he can contribute to debates on Black Internationalism today.
Watch out for words: the wording of constitutions and constitutional compliance
Authors: Lewkowicz Jacek , Fałkowski Jan , Luo Zimin , Marut Olga
Published: November 2024

In recent times, the economic and social relevance of constitutions and potential determinants of their validity have been increasingly debated. However, we still know little about the relationships between the text of a constitution and constitutional compliance. Does the wording of a constitution matter in this context? In this paper, drawing on a sample of democratic countries, we apply econometric and machine learning tools to provide some insights on these issues. The results suggest that shorter texts and placing more emphasis on punishments for transgressions seem to be positively correlated with the compliance level. Regarding the precision of constitutional text, in turn, we find mixed evidence. Econometric modelling suggests no statistically significant relationship with constitutional compliance, and machine learning models instead indicate this feature as a potentially important determinant of constitutional compliance.
A miniature capsule endoscope based on spiral antenna with wireless sensing capabilities
Authors: Nan Xiang-yuan , Jiang Dao-lian , Xuan Xiu-wei , Xie Jia-jia , Hu Yi-wei , Liu Xing-qi
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a capsule endoscopy system with a sensing function is proposed for medical devices. A single-arm spiral antenna is designed for data transmission and is combined with the voltage controlled oscillator to achieve sensing capabilities. The designed antenna operates at a 900 MHz industrial scientific medical band. By establishing a three-layer cylindrical model of the stomach, it was concluded that the antenna in the stomach has a high peak gain of −1.1 dBi. Additionally, the antenna achieved a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 5%. The capsule endoscopy was experimentally measured in both actual stomach and simulated environments. The maximum working distance of the capsule endoscope was measured to be 6.8 m. Additionally, the proposed capsule endoscope was tested for its sensing function using solutions with different dielectric constants. Finally, it was confirmed through link analysis that it has good communication capabilities. The results and analysis confirm that the proposed capsule endoscope can be used for examining gastric diseases.
New Wine in an Old Bottle? The Ideological Morphology of the Thai Online Right
Authors: Luxmiwattana Motoki
Published: November 2024

In recent years, a number of online outlets aligned with the right has emerged in Thai politics. Though it is often assumed that such actors are merely an extension of the Thai state propaganda apparatus, as the moniker “IO (short for Information Operation)” implies, closer inspection of their contents suggests a more complicated picture. Employing the morphological approach of ideological analysis, this article argues that the Thai Online Right articulates a decidedly conservative worldview, upholding a social order centred around the monarchy, and opposing particular instigators of change, similar to more traditional Thai conservatives. The concepts and ideas they deploy to bolster these core ideas, however, seem to emphasise more materialistic and personalised elements, as well as draw from more contemporaneous “Western” right-wing conspiracy theories, making their conservative expression a strange blend of the old and the new. The findings have implications to the study of conservatisms, both in the Thai context and comparatively.
Emerging Climate Change Signals in Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Shaw T. A. , Arblaster J. M. , Birner T. , Butler A. H. , Domeisen D. I. V. , Garfinkel C. I. , Garny H. , Grise K. M. , Karpechko A. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The circulation response to climate change shapes regional climate and extremes. Over the last decade an increasing number of atmospheric circulation signals have been documented, with some attributed to human activities. The circulation signals represent an exciting opportunity for improving our understanding of dynamical mechanisms, testing our theories and reducing uncertainties. The signals have also presented puzzles that represent an opportunity for better understanding the circulation response to climate change, its contribution to climate extremes, interactions with moisture, and connection to thermodynamic discrepancies. The next decade is likely to be a golden age for dynamics with many advances possible.
Extreme Mantle Heterogeneity Revealed by Geochemical Investigation of In Situ Lavas at the Central Mohns Ridge, Arctic Mid‐Ocean Ridges
Authors: Stubseid Håvard Hallås , Bjerga Anders , Rydland Pedersen Leif‐Erik , Pedersen Rolf Birger
Published: November 2024

Mid‐ocean ridge basalts reflect the mantle’s composition and reveal processes from melting to eruption. The Mohns and Knipovich Ridges have ultraslow spreading rates, low magma budgets and erupted lavas indicating various mantle domains. Here, we use geochemistry and isotope systematics of in situ samples from two axial volcanic ridges (AVRs) to study mantle heterogeneity and melt production. By linking chemical variations to high‐resolution bathymetry and age data, we document systematic changes over time in the mantle source of the volcanic sequence. At Mohns Ridge AVR‐M10 (72.3°N), we observed significant variations in chemistry (e.g., (La/Sm)N from 0.7 to 2.9) and isotope systematics in basaltic samples from a small area (∼1 km2), suggesting the emplacement of multiple small‐volume lava flows. Pb isotope variations, for example, 206Pb/204Pb (17.91–18.76), are comparable with the observed range along the entire Mohns and Knipovich Ridges. Temporal constraints document that erupted basalts have changed from highly radiogenic Pb compositions to a more depleted signature within 30 ka. To explain the extreme variations in the erupted lavas at the Mohns Ridge, the mantle would need to be highly heterogeneous in composition with effective melt extraction and limited mixing prior to eruption. We use the highly heterogenous mantle underneath the Mohns Ridge to understand the melt extraction processes and mixing of melts and propose a two‐stage melting model: continuous generation of enriched melts from a deep and fertile source in the first stage, while depleted melts from a shallower and more refractory mantle occur sporadically and simultaneously with the intermittent ascent of diapirs.
Update to Friction Factor Formulations That Impact Rocky Shores and Coral Reefs
Authors: Thornton Edward B. , MacMahan Jamie
Published: November 2024

The bottom friction factor, , estimates for computing wave bottom frictional dissipation in Gon et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015963), titled Wave Dissipation by Bottom Friction on the Inner Shelf of a Rocky Shore, are too large by a factor of 2 due to an error in the formulations by Thornton and Guza (1983, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc088ic10p05925), titled Transformation of Wave Height Distribution. Corrected formulations reduce the prior overestimation of the bottom friction coefficient, , which is more significant for rougher bottom surfaces, such as coral reefs and rocky shores, than for sandy beaches.
Planetary Interior Configuration Control on Thermal Evolution and Geological History
Authors: Lark L. H. , Huber C. , Parmentier E. M. , Head J. W.
Published: November 2024

The terrestrial planetary bodies display a wide variety of surface expressions and histories of volcanic and tectonic, and magnetic activity, even those planets with apparently similar dominant modes of heat transport (e.g., conductive on Mercury, the Moon, and Mars). Each body also experienced differentiation in its earliest evolution, which may have led to density‐stabilized layering in its mantle and a heterogenous distribution of heat‐producing elements (HPE). We explore the hypothesis that mantle structure exerts an important control on the occurrence and timing of geological processes such as volcanism and tectonism. We numerically investigate the behavior of an idealized model of a planetary body where HPE are assumed to be sequestered in a stabilized layer at the top or bottom of the mantle. We find that the mantle structure alters the patterns of heat flow at the boundaries of major heat reservoirs: The mantle and core. This modulates the way in which heat production influences geological processes. In the model, the mantle structure is a dominant control on the relative timing of fundamental processes such as volcanism, magnetic field generation, and expansion/contraction, the record of which may be observable on planetary body surfaces. We suggest that Mercury exhibits characteristics of shallow sequestration of HPE and that Mars exhibits characteristics of deep sequestration.
Synergistic involvement of the NZF domains of the LUBAC accessory subunits HOIL-1L and SHARPIN in the regulation of LUBAC function
Authors: Toda Yusuke , Fujita Hiroaki , Mino Koshiki , Koyama Takuto , Matsuoka Seiji , Kaizuka Toshie , Agawa Mari , Matsumoto Shigeyuki , Idei Akiko , Nishikori Momoko , Okuno Yasushi , Osada Hiroyuki , Yoshida Minoru , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Iwai Kazuhiro
Published: November 2024

The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) plays crucial roles in NF-κB signaling and protection against cell death by generating linear ubiquitin chains. Its accessory subunits, HOIL-1L and SHARPIN, regulate LUBAC function by binding to ubiquitin chains via their Npl4 zinc finger (NZF) domains. However, the synergistic effects of the two NZF domains on LUBAC function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitin-binding activity of the two NZF domains cooperatively regulates LUBAC functions. Simultaneous loss of the ubiquitin-binding activity of the NZF domains profoundly impaired both NF-κB activation and cell death protection functions. HOIL-1L NZF robustly binds to linear ubiquitin chains, whereas SHARPIN NZF binds to Lys(K)63-linked ubiquitin chains in addition to linear chains. Binding of both NZF domains to linear ubiquitin chains regulated NF-κB signaling, whereas SHARPIN NZF predominantly regulated the cell death protection function independently of the ubiquitin chain type, K63-linked or linear ubiquitin. However, concomitant loss of linear ubiquitin binding by HOIL-1L NZF drastically impaired cell death protection. A screen of compounds capable of inhibiting binding between HOIL-1L NZF and linear ubiquitin chains identified a small compound that inhibited SHARPIN NZF as well as HOIL-1L NZF binding to linear ubiquitin chains, supporting the synergistic effect of the two NZF domains on cell death protection and suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting increased LUBAC activity in diseases such as cancer.
Epidemiological data of an influenza A/H5N1 outbreak in elephant seals in Argentina indicates mammal-to-mammal transmission
Authors: Uhart Marcela M. , Vanstreels Ralph E. T. , Nelson Martha I. , Olivera Valeria , Campagna Julieta , Zavattieri Victoria , Lemey Philippe , Campagna Claudio , Falabella Valeria , Rimondi Agustina
Published: November 2024

H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus has killed thousands of marine mammals in South America since 2022. Here we report epidemiological data and full genome characterization of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAI viruses associated with a massive outbreak in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Península Valdés, Argentina, in October 2023. We also report on H5N1 viruses in concurrently dead terns. Our genomic analysis shows that viruses from pinnipeds and terns in Argentina form a distinct clade with marine mammal viruses from Peru, Chile, Brazil and Uruguay. Additionally, these marine mammal clade viruses share an identical set of mammalian adaptation mutations which were also present in tern viruses. Our combined ecological and phylogenetic data support mammal-to-mammal transmission and occasional mammal-to-bird spillover and suggest multinational transmission of H5N1 viruses in mammals. We reflect that H5N1 viruses becoming more evolutionary flexible and adapting to mammals in new ways could have global consequences for wildlife, humans, and/or livestock.
Coastal lake sediments from Arctic Svalbard suggest colder summers are stormier
Authors: Stachowska Zofia , van der Bilt Willem G. M. , Strzelecki Mateusz C.
Published: November 2024

The Arctic is rapidly losing its sea ice cover while the region warms faster than anywhere else on Earth. As larger areas become ice-free for longer, winds strengthen and interact more with open waters. Ensuing higher waves also increase coastal erosion and flooding, threatening communities and releasing permafrost carbon. However, the future trajectory of these changes remains poorly understood as instrumental observations and geological archives remain rare and short. Here, we address this critical knowledge gap by presenting a continuous Holocene-length reconstruction of Arctic eolian activity using coastal lake sediments from Svalbard. Exposed to both polar Easterlies and Westerly storm tracks, sheltered by a bedrock barrier, and subjected to little post-glacial uplift, our study site provides a stable baseline to assess Holocene changes in the dominant wind systems of the Barents Sea region. To do so with high precision, we rely on multiple independent lines of proxy evidence for wind-blown sediment input. Our reconstructions reveal quasi-cyclic summer wind maxima during regional cold periods, and challenge the view that a warmer and less icy future Arctic will be stormier.