bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymerization-Induced Nano-Order, Ordered Melt, Chain Explosion and Meso-Superstructures of E-Polyethylene
Authors: maimaitiming Aizezi , Cui Kun , Tian Feng
Published: January 2025

During the past 70 years, it has been well established that melts of crystalline homopolymers adopt disordered random coil conformations and are densely packed in globules above the melting temperature (Tm). Flow-induced melt orientation promotes crystal nucleation and polymorphism upon cooling. Here, we present polymerization-induced nano-to-mesoscale condensed-ordering as well as order-to-order and order-to-disorder (O-D) melt transformations at TO-D in engineering polyethylene (E-PE). Moreover, we demonstrate fast chain explosion and re-entanglements at TO-D. Liquid-crystalline-like macroscale 2D-ordered nanofibrils and meso-ordered superstructures self-assemble from high-order condensed states and ordered melts via isothermal crystallization, respectively. Self-reinforced optical and shape memory sheets are made by preserving nascent meso-ordering. Eplastomers, which exhibit both elastomeric and soft‒plastic properties, are prepared by nano-fibrillation of non-crosslinked E-PE meso-particles in a polyolefin elastomer matrix and dynamic exchange of 1D-ordered nanofibrillar networks with disordered 3D meso-granules. These findings enable further development of ultrahigh-performance intelligent, photonic and sustainable polymeric materials.
Intensified treatment in patients with local operable but oligometastatic pancreatic cancer - multimodal surgical treatment versus chemotherapy alone: a randomized controlled trial (METAPANC)
Authors: Ghadimi Michael , Pelzer Uwe , Besselink Marc G. , Siveke Jens , Telgmann Ralph , Braren Rickmer , Wilmink Hanneke , Crede Marie , Koenig Alexander , Koenig Ute , Liffers Sven Thorsten , Antweiler Kai , Uijterwijk Bas , Seppanen Hanna , Nordin Arno , Puolakkainen Pauli , Dajani Olav F. , Labori Knut Jørgen , Johansson Mia , Bratlie Svein Olav , Friede Tim , Jo Peter
Published: January 2025

Background
Based on current guidelines, surgical treatment of hepatic oligometastases in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not primarily recommended. Systematic chemotherapy is the therapy of choice for these patients. The relevance of subsequent surgical resection after chemotherapy remains unclear. This multicentre, randomized, controlled phase III trial is planned to evaluate whether resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases can improve overall survival in patients with PDAC with hepatic oligometastases in a multimodal treatment setting.
Methods
After an induction therapy with eight cyles of mFOLFIRINOX and a response assessment after four and eight cycles, patients will be randomized to either Arm 1 (perioperative mFOFIRINOX plus resection of the primary tumor with resection or ablation of all hepatic metastases) or Arm 2 (continuation of 4 cycles of the standard-of-care mFOLFIRINOX chemotherapy). This clinical trial will focus on a well-defined patient group with metastatic disease limited to the liver as the target organ, with a maximum of three metastases.
Discussion
METAPANC is the first international, randomized, controlled, open-label, multicentre, phase III clinical trial for curative intended surgical therapy of oligometastatic pancreatic cancer in Europe and America. The multimodal surgical treatment of patients with oligometastatic pancreatic cancer could significantly extend the overall survival of this patient group. A possible recommendation of this multimodal treatment regimen outside of clinical trials requires data from randomized controlled trials first. To identify patient subgroups that might benefit from multimodal surgical therapy, additional information on tumor genetics could supplement valid parameters.
Trial registration: EU Clinical Trials No. 2023-503558-10-00
The analysis of the ferroptosis metabolic regulatory network in patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUA) using a metabolomics approach
Authors: Zhang Fang , Yuan Aijuan , Bian Jia , Liu Minjie , Yan Chunhong , Hu Jie
Published: January 2025

Background: Recently, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence of intrauterine adhesions (IUA), exerting a substantial impact on female reproductive capacity. The phenomenon of ferroptosis is evident in IUA, yet the regulatory network associated with it remains unclear. Consequently, the objective of this study is to elucidate the metabolic regulatory network of ferroptosis in IUA through metabolomics, offering a fresh perspective for a more profound comprehension of the mechanisms underlying IUA. Concurrently, new active metabolites may emerge as potential targets for the prevention and treatment of IUA.
Methods and Results: Uterine endometrial samples were collected from both healthy individuals and patients with IUA, with each endometrium pathologically confirmed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed for sample analysis. A total of 6250 differential metabolites were identified, of which 102 were screened (VIP>1 and P<0.05). Among these, 29 showed upregulation, while 73 were downregulated. KEGG pathway analysis identified biological processes and metabolic pathways. Differentially regulated metabolic pathways included glucose metabolism, amino acid degradation, fatty acid metabolism, etc. Notably associated were pathways like AMPK signaling pathway, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism. Joint pathway analysis identified six metabolite pathways (Glutathione metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Lysine degradation, Glycerolipid metabolism, Cysteine and methionine metabolism) from the differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). These pathways collectively constitute the Ferroptosis metabolic regulatory network in intrauterine adhesions (IUA).
Conclusions: This study conducted a non-targeted metabolomics investigation on IUA . Taking the perspective of differential metabolites between normal and IUA, the study utilized metabolomics to reveal the metabolic regulatory network associated with iron death in IUA. ferroptosis in IUA is regulated by multiple metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. These metabolic pathways, by modulating the activity of key enzymes such as lipid peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, impact the occurrence and progression of ferroptosis. The metabolic regulatory network of iron death in IUA is closely related to the occurrence of intrauterine adhesions (IUA). ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathological process of intrauterine adhesions by regulating the metabolic pathways of adhesive tissues, potentially contributing to the prevention and treatment of IUA. This research not only aids in a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms of IUA but also provides new targets and strategies for preventing and treating diseases related to IUA.
Acute Appendicitis: Outcomes and Disparities based on Geographical Location and Race
Authors: Nonnemacher Cory , Glenn Joshua
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Studies have shown better outcomes in pediatric patients with appendicitis managed by pediatric surgeons. There has been an increase rate in hospital-to-hospital transfer to divert pediatric patients to pediatric facilities. We looked to assess how initial presenting facility was associated with patient outcomes and assess how race impacts outcomes.
Methods
Pediatric patients managed at our Children’s Hospital from 2015-2021 with appendicitis were assessed. Retrospective analysis assessing rates of perforation, ionizing radiation use and readmission and hospital LOS were assessed and evaluated based on distance from the hospital and race.
Results
240 patients transferred and 132 direct presentations were identified. We identified higher rates of perforation, 40.8% versus 27.2%, LOS of 3.56 versus 2.11 days, and higher rates of readmission, 7.3% versus 2.2% in those transferred versus direct presentation (p<0.05). Minorities that transferred had a higher LOS, 4.38 versus 2.57 days (p<0.05), compared to minorities who presented directly.
Conclusions
There are higher rates of perforation, readmission and LOS in those transferred than direct presentations. Transferring showed disproportionally worse outcomes in minority patients. This suggests distance from specialized pediatric care as well as patient race leads to worse outcomes and these variables have the potential to compound into poorer overall outcomes in minorities requiring transfer.
Estimating the size of aedes mosquitoes’ population involved in outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya and its relationship with climatic factors
Authors: Coutinho Francisco Antônio Bezerra , Amaku Marcos , Boulos Fernanda Castro , Moreira José Alfredo Sousa , Barros Eliana Nogueira Castro , Kallas Esper Jorge , Massad Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Background
Aedes aegypti continues to cause large number of cases of dengue, chikungunya and zika fever in the affected areas of the tropical world. After being eradicated from Brazil in the decades if 1940 and 1950, Aedes aegipti returned with full force in the early 1970s. Knowing the total number of mosquitoes transmitting aedes-borne infections in crucial to quantifying the intensity of transmission of these infections.
Methods
In this paper, we propose a model to estimate the distribution of aedes mosquitoes’ population during an outbreak of either dengue or chikungunya. The model assumes that the mosquitoes’ distribution follows a Gaussian Mesa Function, which has five parameters and allows for a variable asymmetry. These five parameters are adjusted so that it fits indirectly, from a modified Ross-Macdonald model, the incidence of dengue or chikungunya infections (see main text).
Results
We illustrate the model with data of dengue and chikungunya from five cities from the State of Minas Gerais in the Southeastern region of Brazil for the 2023-2024 transmission season. In addition, we show that the calculated mosquitoes’ distribution correlates with climatic variables in the five cities studied.
Conclusions
The model shows that it is possible to estimate the size of the mosquitoes’ population from incidence data, circumventing the logistic hurdles involved in the actual counting of mosquitoes, and that the mosquitoes’ distribution correlates well with rain patterns in the studied cities, but not with temperature.
Dietary Sources of Sodium in Nigerian Adults From 3 Geographic Regions: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: George Aniekeme , Ojji Dike , Orji Anthony , Adurosakin Felix
Published: January 2025

Background
To address the growing burden of hypertension and related diseases, Nigeria seeks to reduce excess dietary sodium through policymaking. The current study aims to describe the levels and sources of dietary sodium intake among Nigerian adults to inform targeted policies for reducing sodium intake.
Methods
From June 2023 to July 2023, adults aged 18 to 70 years old were recruited from the Federal Capital Territory, Kano States, and Ogun States to participate in a population-based, cross-sectional non-communicable diseases survey. Data were also collected to assess levels and dietary sources of sodium through four 24-hour dietary recalls by trained study personnel with 90.7% response rate. Concurrent 24-hour urine sodium data were collected. The primary analyses included the distribution of sodium intake and sources of sodium, overall and by sex and state. Results were adjusted to the Nigerian population. Multivariate regression models evaluated associations between baseline sociodemographic factors and sodium intake.
Results
Among 537 participants, 365 (68.0%) were female, and median (Interquartile range) age was 38 (27, 48) years. Adjusted median (IQR) daily sodium intake according to 24-hour dietary recalls was 3,803 (2,663, 5,085) mg per day with higher intake reported among males (males: 3,878 [2,663, 5,032] mg/dl; females: 3,415 [2,373, 4,689], p<.0001). Two-thirds (67.0%) of the sodium intake was from home-cooked meals. Nearly half (48.7%) of sodium came from discretionary sources, including 21.4% from bouillon. Salt and yaji spice added at the table accounted for 9.1% of sodium intake and was highest among females (18.8%) and males (13.7%) in Kano. On the other hand, sodium from street food was highest in males (35.9%) and females (34.2%) in Ogun. After adjustment, older participants and those with higher education had lower daily sodium intake compared to younger participants and those with less education, respectively. Results were similar when excluding individuals with cardiovascular disease or hypertension.
Conclusions
Adults in the Federal Capital Territory, Kano, and Ogun consume nearly twice the recommended level of dietary sodium. Most dietary sodium intake came from home cooked foods, nearly half of which came from discretionary sources, which has important policy implications for SHAKE package implementation.
Registration number: NCT04765865
THE CONCEPT OF AGGRESSION IN THE ENGLISH DISCOURSE OF WAR: A COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC DIMENSION
Authors: Shevchenko Vadym
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on the construction of the meanings of AGGRESSION that are profiled in different domains of the world construal. The purpose of this article is to identify the semantic features of nominations of AGGRESSION in English and to model the concept of AGGRESSION in the English-language discourse of war, in particular, russia's full-scale military aggression against Ukraine. The relevance of the object of study is determined by the importance of the russia-Ukraine war as today’s global threat and is reinforced by the use of a cognitive-semantic and conceptual approaches to its study. The article proposes and proves a hypothesis about the attributive nature of the concept of AGGRESSION, which in the world construal is profiled in the segments of WAR and PEACE and has semantic qualities and conceptual features specific to each of them. The study was conducted in three stages according to the degree of generalization and abstraction of the data. At the first stage, the lexical set of concept nominations was systematized, and the semantic space of AGGRESSION was outlined. At the second stage, the semantic network of concept names profiled in the WAR segment of the world construal was modeled. The most typical ways of schematic generalization of meanings prove to be the object frame and identification frame, while the action frame is limited to the contact action scheme. At the third stage, AGGRESSION was modeled on the basis of the cognitive operation of highlighting / prominence of meanings. The study concludes that in the English-language discourse of war, AGGRESSION is an attributive poly-appealed concept that is profiled in the WAR segment of the world construal and is defined as a contact offensive action initiated by the aggressor, violent, unreasonable and unprovoked, threatening to foreign territory and civilians; it is distinguished by cruelty and bloodshed, it is of terrorist and genocidal nature.
LINGUOSYNERGETIC PERSPECTIVE ON METAPHORS IN MASS MEDIA ECO-ECONOMICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Stetsenko Oksana
Published: January 2025

The article presents a linguosynergetic perspective on metaphors in ecological-economical discourse. This study highlights the relevance of applying multidisciplinary approaches to understand the synergistic nature of metaphorical language creation, as it makes it possible for us to understand the way language evolves and adapts, develop a holistic vision of intricate processes within the language system that is considered a hierarchical self-organizing system. The research contributes to understanding eco-economical discourse as an entity that functions as a microstructure within the global discourse system and acts as a macrostructure for units within it. The study elucidates the relationship between three aspects (ecological, economic and social) within eco-economical discourse. The study also delves into the intricacies of the metaphorical language creation process through the prism of the principle of triplicity that makes it possible to analyze the “substance,” “information,” and “energy” components of metaphors within eco-economical discourse. The findings of the research paper show that metaphors are verbalized means of influence due to the “energy” component, wherein metaphorical models of various lexico-semantic orientations (anthropomorphic, socio-morphic, nature-morphic and artifact-morphic) are used in eco-economical discourse to bring environmental problems to the foreground, grab the attention of the target audience and raise awareness. Overall, the research paper offers linguosynergetic perspective on the process of creating metaphors and eco-economical discourse as well.
LITERARY APPROACH TO THE THEORY OF ARTISTIC TRANSLATION
Authors: Tyshakova Liudmyla
Published: January 2025

The research is devoted to substantiating the problem of conveying the individual originality of authentic works into another language as one of the most important issues of literary translation. The author analyzes the origin and development of translation thought and theoretical requirements for Ukrainian translators. The publication shows that throughout the centuries-long history of translation, attempts have been made to theoretically understand and explain the activities of translators, formulate criteria for assessing the quality of translations, and identify factors that influence the course and outcome of the translation process. The author determines that the study of translation from the literary point of view implies the need to consider linguistic phenomena and analyze and evaluate the language means used by translators. The role of translation of fiction of a particular country, reinterpretation or misrepresentation of the original work in translation is also associated with using certain linguistic means. The study of translation itself is impossible without studying its linguistic nature. In a literary work of art, all components of the form, from composition to rhythm and intonation, are aesthetically significant and serve to express the artistic content. The author substantiates the thesis that when translating a literary text, the process of communication (author - translator - recipient) also includes such components as comprehension of the inner, deep, mysterious and hidden meaning signaled by the psychotype of an individual author which is also marked by the national features of the community he represents in his work. It should be noted that within the theory of literary translation there are two main approaches to considering translation problems: linguistic and literary studies. Considerable attention is paid to contrastive translation, application of the principles of anthropocentrism, adaptability and variability.
COLOURED ILL: BRINGING DARK LADIES INTO THE LIGHT
Authors: Livingstone David
Published: January 2025

Shakespeare's Dark Lady has generated not only a great deal of speculation as to her identity, but also a number of literary treatments in fiction, drama and even poetry. This paper will provide an overview of these depictions, only to focus on two of the most recent and most prominent examples, these being the theatre play Emilia by Morgan Lloyd Malcolm from 2018 and the ballet/spoken word production Lucy Negro Redux from 2019 based on a collection of poems of the same name by Caroline Randall Williams. Malcolm's play focuses on the historical figure of Emilia Bassano Lanier, one of the traditional Dark Lady candidates. Malcolm portrays her, with an all female cast, as a woman of colour in three stages of her life. Williams' poetry collection and the ballet/spoken word adaptation, with original music by Rhiannon Giddens, explore the personage of Lucy Negro or Black Luce who has also been granted the status of Shakespeare's erotic muse. Both productions focus on women of colour and attempt to provide a voice and agency for these intriguing women whose value has been traditionally only due to their connection to Shakespeare the man. Both productions have not only popularized Shakespeare with a contemporary audience but have also attempted to reach new viewers and readers. They have additionally involved media crossings into musical theatre, dance and spoken word.
Bushen Daozhuo Granules Alleviate Chronic Non-Bacterial Prostatitis in Rats through p38 MAPK and Akt Signaling Pathways Based on Tandem
Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics and Network Pharmacology Analyses
Authors: Sun Dalin , Liu Yuanyuan , Xing Dong , Wang Dandan , Cai Bin , Tang Zhian , Hu Qinglin , Ma Wenjun , Jin Baofang
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The traditional Chinese medicine formula, Bushen Daozhuo Granules
(BSDZG), is used to treat chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) clinically. However, its mechanism
of action is unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of BSDZG on CNP
and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control, CNP, and BSDZG groups. CNP
was induced using purified prostaglandin solution and Freund's complete adjuvant, after which
the BSDZG group received 1.54 g/kg/d of BSDZG for 30 days. Prostate tissues were used to determine
apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines. The herb-composition-target network and functional
signaling pathways were built using a network pharmacology approach, which was also
confirmed in vivo.

Results:

Treatment with BSDZG significantly alleviated the histopathological lesions, inflammation,
and apoptosis in the prostate of CNP rats. The herb-composition-target network comprising
42 active compounds and 32 targets of 11 herbs was illustrated, and KEGG pathways analysis
identified the Akt and MAPK pathways as related to the effects of BSDZG. Phosphorylation of
p38 MAPK, NF-кB, and Bax expression was significantly enhanced and phosphorylated Akt and
Bcl-2 levels were decreased in CNP rats, which could be reversed by BSDZG.

Conclusion:

This study presented for the first time that BSDZG effectively alleviated CNP
symptoms in rats and elucidated the underlying mechanisms mediated by the Akt and MAPK
pathways, providing the theoretical basis for the clinical use and promotion of BSDZG.
Topical Application onto the Eyelid Skin: Is it a Feasible Delivery Route of
Ophthalmic Drugs?
Authors: Grygor’yeva Larysa , Carvalheiro Manuela Colla , Simões Sandra
Published: January 2025

Topical application of ophthalmic drugs remains to be the preferred delivery method. Eye
drops lead the pharmaceutical forms due to ease of application. Despite the poor bioavailability of
drugs administered topically, especially related to the dilution and excretion by tear fluid, the absence
of controlled drug delivery, and the poor compliance within pediatric and senior populations,
eye drops and ointments are still the first choices in eye-related disorders management. Only a few
studies have explored the eyelid skin as a site for drug application and transdermal delivery as an
alternative route of administration of ophthalmic drugs. Such works have validated the delivery of
drugs into the ocular tissues through the eyelid barrier. The eyelid represents a differentiated skin
barrier concerning the thickness, the structure of the stratum corneum, the vasculature, and the
amount of lipids. This work intends to question why the eyelid, being an accessible, non-invasive,
comfortable route of administration is not considered a feasible route for ophthalmic drugs. The eyelid
structure is presented, and the anatomical and physiological distinctive characteristics are presented.
The work also presents the research work on topical drug application to the eyelid skin that
has been published so far.
Morphine-Induced Elevation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Attenuates Chemotherapy Efficacy in Diverse Cancer Cell Types
Authors: Chen Gong , Zeng Si , Wang Bin , Wang Daguo , Ding Jie , Feng Tao
Published: January 2025

Background:

Morphine, a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist commonly
utilized in clinical settings alongside chemotherapy to manage chronic pain in cancer
patients, has exhibited contradictory effects on cancer, displaying specificity toward
certain cancer types and doses.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic assessment and
comparison of the impacts of morphine on three distinct cancer models in a preclinical
setting.

Methods:

Viability and apoptosis assays were conducted on a panel of cancer cell
lines following treatment with morphine, chemotherapy drugs alone, or their
combination. Oxidative stress levels, along with the activities of superoxide dismutase
and catalase, were measured. Rescue studies were also carried out using antioxidant
reagents.

Results:

Morphine induces resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. It
was observed that while morphine affected cell viability differently among ovarian
cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, at
concentrations that did not directly impact cancer cell viability, it significantly mitigated
the inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutic agents across all tested cancer cells. This
phenomenon persisted irrespective of the chemotherapeutic agent used, including
cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 5-FU. It remained unaffected by adding naloxone, the MOR
receptor antagonist, indicating that morphine's mechanism is independent of the μ-
opioid receptor. Moreover, it was demonstrated that morphine heightened cellular
reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and suppressed the activities of superoxide
dismutase and catalase. Rescue studies revealed that the addition of antioxidant
reversed the protective impact of morphine on cancer cells against chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

These findings hold promise in potentially guiding the clinical application
of morphine for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Value of Label-Free Ubiquitin-Proteomic Analysis on Defining the Protective Mechanism of Valsartan against Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Yujing , Chen Di , Shao Shujuan , Yu Qin
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The cardiotoxicity and subsequent Heart Failure (HF) induced by Doxorubicin (DOX) limit the clinical application of DOX. Valsartan (Val) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that could attenuate the HF induced by DOX. However, the underlying mechanism of Val in this process is not fully understood.

Methods:

In this study, we explored the cardio-protective mechanism of Val against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity using label-free ubiquitin-proteomic analysis.

Results:

Results showed that 27 lysine-ubiquitination sites in 25 proteins were differentially expressed between DOX and DOX+Val treated groups. In addition, the levels of ubiquitin modification of the myosin family and Ankrd1 were upregulated post-Val. Val also in-creased ATP production and activated the Akt/mTOR pathway by regulating the sarcoplas-mic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) and cardiomyocyte calcium hemo-stasis.

Conclusion:

The results highlight the value of label-free ubiquitin-proteomic analysis in de-fining the molecular mechanism of Val against HF and may be helpful in the development of new therapeutic agents for HF via targeting molecules defined in this research.
A Novel Enantioselective Synthesis of Cryptophycins Unit A from Rocher’s Ester
Authors: Mezrai Abdelmoumin , Mrah Lahouari , Khiati Zoulikha
Published: January 2025

A novel synthesis of cryptophycin unit A in its enantiomerically pure form was achieved.
In five steps, an enantiomeric mixture of unit A was initially prepared from trans-cinnamaldehyde.
Subsequently, in its enantiomerically pure forms, unit A was prepared from Rocher’s ester in six
steps, involving an essential aldehyde (2R,3E)-2-methyl-4-phenylbut-3-enal. The final step of this
process involved two different approaches: a Reformatsky reaction of an essential aldehyde with
tertbutyl 4-bromocrotonate and the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction with O,O-Silyl ketene acetal
in the presence of isopropyl alcohol and L-tryptophane-based B-phenyloxazaborolidinone, thereby
resulting in the desired products in good overall yields and high enantioselectivities.
Colorimetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid Using Peroxidase Activity of Allium Sativum (Garlic) Extract
Authors: saadat maryam , Hallajzadeh Jamal , Nikkhah Elhameh , Seidi Sadegh
Published: January 2025

Background:

Detection and determination of ascorbic acid (AA) or vitamin C as a potent
antioxidant substrate in commercial samples have an emerging significance. In relation to the colorimetry
of ascorbic acid, the use of organometallic networks as enzyme peroxidase mimics has been
reported many times, which is not cost-effective for commercialization. Therefore, this research, for
the first time, examined the peroxidase behavior using garlic extract without additional extraction
and purification steps. Peroxidase behavior was examined to measure ascorbic acid.

Methods:

In this research work, firstly, allium sativum (AS) extract was prepared simply by crushing,
stirring, and sonicating garlic bulbs in water. It exhibited peroxidase activity, which enabled the
oxidation of 3, 30, 5, and 50-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2 to generate bluecolored
oxidized TMB (ox-TMB) with a sharp absorption peak at 6526 nm. In continuation, the ox-
TMB could be reduced by the addition of AA to the TMB+H2O2 system, leading to a decrease in
absorbance and the fading of the blue color. Determination performance was accomplished after
optimization of several factors, such as pH, time, TMB, and AS concentration.

Results:

The results showed that the decrease in absorbance (ΔA) after AA addition was in a good
linear relationship with AA concentration in the range of 9.46-155.24 μM, with a low detection limit
of 0.0223 μM. The feasibility of this approach was also assayed in commercial orange drinks and
effervescent tablets of vitamin C with a 97.70 %-110.17 % recovery.

Conclusion:

Finally, a sensitive and simple colorimetric sensor for the detection of AA using AS
extract as a biocatalyst was developed.
FRET-based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Enzyme Detection: Current Insight
Authors: Rathod Janhavi , Sherje Atul
Published: January 2025

Over the decade many types of fluorescent sensors have been developed for detecting
diverse types of analyte. The sensors developed using the phenomenon of fluorescence provide high
sensitivity, selectivity, for the analyte that they are being developed for. This has led to a huge increase
in development of sensors for biomarkers that are particularly of importance for early detection
or diagnosis of life threatening diseases. In addition to the advantages of Fluorimetry there is
continuous research going on to create sensors that are easy to construct, reproducible, cost and time
efficient, along with maintaining sensitivity enough for accurate determination of the analyte of interest.
As the research advanced, the dyes used as simple sensors were replaced with other molecules
as a substrate for biomarker or other analyte sensing. Additionally, early scientists used single emission
sensors for detection of analyte. Further, the single emission sensors were evolved to dual emission
and then further advancement led to innovation of ratiometric sensors. These ratiometric sensors
provide good internal standard referencing system which gives them good sensitivity as compared to
other luminescent sensors. Through this review we aim to provide useful information on the subject
of FRET, ratiometric fluorescence analysis, the types of materials used for developing the sensors
and examples of biosensors used for enzyme detection.
Advances on Highly Selective and Non-Invasive Screening of Cancer Biomarkers using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering with Nanoparticles
Authors: Madhivanan Keerthana , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: January 2025

Cancer has long been the leading cause of death in many countries. This complex
category of diseases is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
To reduce the cancer mortality rate, early detection of the disease is essential. As a result, extensive
research is directed towards the early identification of the cancer disease by developing
novel cancer cell detection technologies. One such novel technology is Surface Enhanced Raman
Scattering [SERS]. This technique is highly sensitive because of the highly enhanced
SERS signals due to metal nanoparticles, which allow the detection of ultra-low concentration
[femto-molar] of several important cancer biomarkers. Moreover, metal nanoparticle-based
SERS is found to be more sensitive and can be used for the detection of cancer cells or biomarkers
over a longer period. The SERS is also useful for multiple biomarker detection.
Compared to other fluorescence bands, Raman bands are narrower, which allows for the individual
and simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers. In this context, we have outlined the
latest advancements in SERS for the effective detection of cancer biomarkers. Additionally,
we discuss the current challenges and future potential of SERS in cancer cell detection.
Investigation of the Anticarcinogenic Effects of Hypericum perforatum Extract on
Human Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Gokcek-Sarac Cigdem , Altunkaya Gizem , Karakurt Serdar
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Objective:

Plants and their bioactive compounds play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical
industry for treating cancer. To date, the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of Hypericum perforatum methanol
extract on human thyroid cancer cell lines have not been thoroughly explored. The present study aimed to
assess the potential anti-cancer effects of HPME on human thyroid cancer and investigate its potential therapeutic
benefits.

Methods:

HPME was prepared using the maceration method, and its antioxidant activity was examined. Cytotoxicity
studies were then carried out, followed by an investigation of the possible effects of HPME on metastasis
and colony-forming capacities of human thyroid cancer cells. Afterward, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and apoptosis
assays were performed.

Results:

Cytotoxicity studies revealed notable cytotoxicity of HPME against the TT cell line. Moreover, HPME
significantly curtailed metastasis and invasion of TT cells in an in vitro wound healing assay. Analyses of gene
expressions demonstrated an elevation in caspase-12, caspase-3, and Bax, coupled with a reduction in BcL-2,
APOE, and CLU expression. Following HPME treatment, there was an increase in the protein expression levels
of Bax and Caspase-12, while a decrease in the BcL-2, APOE, and CLU protein expression. Furthermore, apoptotic
studies indicated an increase in early apoptosis.

Conclusion:

Overall results revealed that HPME demonstrates a notable antioxidant capacity in human thyroid
cancer. It exerts an influence on crucial biological processes associated with cancer, indicating its potential to
hinder the proliferation of human thyroid cancer cells by enhancing apoptosis through the upregulation of gene
and protein expression, particularly involving caspases.
Deep Learning Approaches for Predicting Bioactivity of Natural Compounds
Authors: Prajapati Parixit , Shrivastav Princy , Prajapati Jigna , Prajapati Bhupendra
Published: January 2025

The investigation of computational techniques to forecast the bioactivity of natural substances
has been spurred by the growing interest in utilizing their medicinal potential. A branch of
artificial intelligence called deep learning has been particularly useful for predicting outcomes in a
variety of fields, such as bioactivity prediction and drug discovery, by evaluating large amounts of
complex data. An overview of current developments in the application of deep learning techniques to
the prediction of natural chemical bioactivity has been presented in this article. The advantages provided
by deep learning approaches, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural
networks (RNNs), and graph neural networks (GNNs), have been highlighted, and the difficulties
connected with conventional methods of bioactivity prediction have been examined. Moreover, a
variety of molecular representations—such as molecular fingerprints, graph representations, and
molecular descriptors—that are fed into deep learning models have been studied. Additionally, included
in this study is the integration of many data sources, including omics data, chemical structures,
and biological tests, to enhance the precision and resilience of bioactivity prediction models.
Furthermore, this review covers the uses of deep learning in target prediction, virtual screening, and
poly-pharmacology study of natural substances. The paper concludes by discussing the field's present
issues and potential paths forward, such as the requirement for standardized benchmark datasets, the
interpretability of deep learning models, and the incorporation of experimental validation techniques.
All things considered, this study sheds light on the most recent developments in deep learning techniques
for estimating the bioactivity of natural substances and their possible effects on drug development
and discovery.
Effect of COVID-19 and Related Lockdown on Young People’s Worries and Emotions in the Israeli Context
Authors: Shukla Meenakshi , Lavi Iris , Lau Jennifer Y.F.
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Objective:

The outbreak of COVID-19 has undoubtedly
impacted all sections of the population across countries and continents. Here, we
describe the additional challenges that Israeli adolescents had to face due to the
pandemic and the ensuing lockdown, besides the difficulties posed by sociopolitical
turmoil in Israel. In particular, the current cross-sectional study aimed to
explore experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdown
among Israeli adolescents.

Methods:

A sample of 306 Israeli adolescents (mean age 15.32 ± 1.81 years) was
assessed on the level of social restrictions experienced, daily routines, and
emotional climate (i.e., worries, negative affect, and anhedonia).

Results:

Our results showed that while most participants (95.04%; 51.04% males)
did not personally experience the infection, they reported worrying about their
studies (43.14%) and about the health of relatives and friends (34.97%). Females
reported being more isolated (t(292) =-2.77, p= .01), having higher negative
affect (t(292) = -4.198, p= .02), and reported greater impact of the pandemic on
their study (t(292) =-2.44, p= .02), finance (t(292) =-3.10, p= .002), and emotions
(t(292) =-2.44, p= .02) than males. Both genders did not differ in their levels of
anhedonia, which was low (t(292) = 1.27, p= .20).

Conclusion:

Results underscore the impact of the pandemic on the academic and
social lives of youth and the content of their worries. In the special context of
Israel, a country that has undergone significant nationwide challenges, these
results indicate the resilience of young people alongside elevated levels of worry
and negative emotions.
Rural vernacular dwellings: Balancing heritage and contemporary influences. A study of the Tiylit commune in Tamazouzte, a rural commune within Al Haouz province
Authors: ZERRAF Houda
Published: January 2025

Abstract. This research on vernacular architecture highlights the crucial importance of "time" in the continuous adaptation to changes in socio-cultural, economic, technological, and environmental spheres. Examining the development of these structures provides a valuable understanding of their profound links to historical contexts. In Morocco, significant changes have occurred in both urban and rural dwellings, especially in recent decades. The rural settlement of Tiylit, situated in the Al Haouz province near the High Atlas Mountains, serves as an illustration of how rural vernacular dwellings have evolved. Field investigations uncover various adaptation strategies. Some houses remain intact and continue to fulfill their original purposes, while others have fallen into disrepair and been converted into livestock enclosures. Many dwellings have undergone hybrid construction, integrating new materials into older structures. These transformations are driven by social, economic, and technical factors, as well as a shift in residents' perceptions of comfort.
So-called “vernacular” architecture in the Kongo Central province in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo): Characteristics and dynamics of architectural production in the Boko and Langa villages in Mbanza-Ngungu
Authors: KOKO ZOLA Mylène
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The architectural production in the province of Kongo Central had already been noticed and reported in Europe by Duarte Lopez and Filippo Pigafetta in 1591 as well as Olfert Dapper in 1687, who subsequently fueled several other stories and missions in the Congo until the 18th century. The information reported by these authors is scant but allows us to get a more or less idea of the construction methods, the materials used, and the shape of the houses. This demonstrates that architecture remains little known in this region, it is there, but we do not see it because there are very few updated studies on so-called “vernacular” architecture in DR Congo and Kongo Central in particular. Our objective is to observe the existing situation with the inhabitants and their ongoing or current construction practices. Study this constructive reality carefully, to better understand it to be able to document the spatial organizations and details of this architecture; and to characterize Kongo constructive practices. Our period of study extends from the first half of the 20th century, with the creation of the first cement factory in Lukala (CILU) in Kongo Central in 1921, until the middle of the 21st century to highlight the relationships between these different constructive cultures. So, to get there, we will start by mainly presenting the architecture in the Kongo Kingdom, as described in the stories of missionaries and travelers, based on the literature consulted. Then, we will report our observations and analyses on the ground today. Without locking ourselves into a more or less forgotten past of this “traditional vernacular architecture”, we will study certain elements which remain permanent over time at the moment of the break about colonization but also to tradition.
Tazotats: Vernacular heritage, thermal storage materials, and heat regulation in arid environments
Authors: FILALI Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Vernacular architecture, often defined as a traditional building approach that uses local materials and techniques, intimately reflects the available resources, climate, and cultural practices of a specific region. This form of architecture, developed over centuries, illustrates a deep respect for the environment and an intuitive understanding of local conditions. The use of local materials presents numerous advantages. Firstly, these materials are generally accessible in situ, thus reducing construction and transportation costs. Indeed, they are often better adapted to local climatic conditions, offering thermal and structural properties that contribute to the durability and energy efficiency of buildings. In arid regions, the use of raw earth and adobe bricks helps maintain cool interior temperatures due to their thermal regulation capacity. Vernacular construction techniques, such as earth, wattle daub, and dry stone, also reflect a deep knowledge of material properties and the best methods for using them. These techniques, passed down from generation to generation, often incorporate ingenious solutions to maximize the durability and comfort of dwellings. Integrating local materials and construction techniques into modern architecture can offer sustainable and culturally relevant solutions to contemporary construction challenges. By revisiting these traditional practices, it is possible to design buildings that are not only ecologically responsible but also deeply rooted in their cultural and environmental context. This study aims to examine the importance of using local materials and traditional construction techniques in vernacular architecture, highlighting concrete examples and the advantages they offer in terms of sustainability, energy efficiency, and preservation of cultural heritage.
The transformations of Andean vernacular housing in the arid north of Chile
Authors: Jorquera Silva Natalia
Published: January 2025

Abstract. This article presents the transformations undergone in recent decades by the vernacular Andean housing of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. This architectural typology is a product of the Andean worldview, where architecture and materials (stone or adobe walls and vegetation-based roofs) respond both to the adverse desert climate of this part of the Andes Mountain and the intense Chilean seismic activity. The characteristics of this housing, which had been preserved for around five centuries, have rapidly transformed in just a few decades due to global economic, political, and social processes that rebound in local transformations in the desert, especially based on intense mining activity and mobility of the labor force. These changes have encouraged the use of industrialized materials from urban areas, which have gradually replaced the natural materials traditionally used in vernacular housing. This shift has altered not only the appearance and harmonious relationship with the surrounding landscape and impacted community-building practices but also the thermal-acoustic performance and structural capacity to withstand the frequent earthquakes that affect the area. Based on years of architectural and ethnographic research on fieldwork, a comparative analysis will be presented between the characteristics of vernacular Andean housing and new houses built with industrial materials, with an emphasis on seismic and climatic performance, as both are major conditions in the Atacama territory.
A macroelement formulation for modeling soil-structure interaction in seismic conditions
Authors: ZAKARIA Youssef
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The objective of this study is to present a new macroelement modeling, based on the principles of the hypoplasticity theory, and aimed at better representing the soil-structure interaction (SSI) during seismic events. Its target is to overcome the limitations of the three-dimensional model by Grange (2008), particularly when it comes to significant instabilities or material fatigue the structure reaches during cyclic loading, which leads to a larger gap between reality and the model. A physico-mathematical analysis of the soil-structure interaction is therefore proposed, and the model is numerically integrated into a computation code to verify its performance against the experimental results. This approach could contribute to improving seismic standards in terms of performance-based design.
Coastal vernacular architecture: A symbiosis between man and nature example of the city of Tangier
Authors: JIDA Rime
Published: January 2025

Abstract. It is a work of vernacular architecture in which you can see how people adapt to natural conditions as part of the mutual relationship between mankind and the environment. These time-tested practices, perfected over various generations, reveal the ability of local communities to use natural resources as a method of climate resilience. There the actual outcome and consequences are few wherein they are places where vernacular architecture and coastal regions meet, not only due to what materials can be used during construction within those kinds of environment, but, moreover, it needs to be more resistant towards natural disasters like storms, flooding, coastal erosion, and tsunamis. The old buildings tell a silent story of human communities that have — over time and space — adapted to the harshest conditions. The paper will discuss the process of vernacular architecture transformation to combat natural hazards in coastal regions, specifically focusing on Tangier City (Morocco). Situated in northwest Africa, bridging the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, Tangier provides a diverse case study for examining how traditional architectural practices can coexist with environmental pressures. Using both speculative logic and an empathetic gaze, this piece will merge the brilliant ways that Tangierians have mitigated natural threats with what these practices tell us about today's urban-ecological conditions.