bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Model for Professional Development in Technology Integration
Authors: Fatmi Hicham , Chouari Ahmed
Published: August 2018

The change in any instructional practice requires an effective professional development plan that best addresses the needs of the teachers. This chapter is an attempt to conceptualize a research-based multi-dimensional model for professional development of teachers with respect to technology integration. The purpose of this study was to use the current literature to determine the characteristics of high quality professional development that focuses on the integration of instructional technology into teaching practices. This study developed as a result of the findings and recommendations from a previous quasi-experimental study. Following a thorough review of related literature to illuminate the recommended professional development practices, a model was developed based on the TPACK framework. The proposed model includes (1) TPACK as the central framework to design the teacher technology integration curricula, (2) the use of online discussion and support platforms to ensure the sustainability component of the training, and (3) on-site professional collaboration and partnership to provide teachers with opportunities to model, share their experiences.
Implementation of Data Mining Algorithm With R
Authors: Deisy C. , Francis Mercelin
Published: August 2018

R is a programming language that uses command-line scripting for graphical and statistical analysis and representation and finally generating a report. It is a free, open source, powerful, and highly extensible tool for data analysis. It consists of a large repository of intermediate tools for statistical and graphical analysis of data which utilizes conditional loops and user-defined functions with input and output capabilities. Statistical and analytical techniques are developed with R for various decision-making processes like forecasting, social media analytics, text mining, and so on. The chapter focuses on the basics of R, data storage elements, and its manipulation. It also highlights the usage of the machine learning algorithms for prediction, clustering, and classification. Applications like text mining are implemented to extract various patterns or rules based on the scenario. Illustrations are explained providing a base for developing many applications applying the basic concepts of R.
Application of Data Mining Techniques in Weather Forecasting
Authors: Gadekallu ThippaReddy , Kidwai Bushra , Sharma Saksham , Pareek Rishabh , Karnam Sudheer
Published: August 2018

Weather forecasting is a vital application in meteorology and has been one of the most scientifically and technologically challenging problems around the world in the last century. In this chapter, the authors investigate the use of data mining techniques in forecasting maximum temperature, rainfall, evaporation, and wind speed. This was carried out using artificial decision tree, naive Bayes, random forest, K-nearest neighbors (IBk) algorithms, and meteorological data collected between 2013 and 2014 from the city of Delhi. The performances of these algorithms were compared using standard performance metrics, and the algorithm which gave the best results used to generate classification rules for the mean weather variables. The results show that given enough case data, data mining techniques can be used for weather forecasting and climate change studies.
Data Mining and Machine Learning Approaches in Breast Cancer Biomedical Research
Authors: Chellamuthu Gunavathi , Kannimuthu S.  , Premalatha K.
Published: August 2018

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females worldwide. Breast cancer diagnosis and breast cancer prognosis are the two important challenges for the researchers in the medical field and also for the practitioners. If the cells in the breast start to grow without any control, it leads to cancer. Normally, the growth of the lump can be seen using x-ray. The benign and malignant breast lumps are distinguished during breast cancer diagnosis. The prognosis process predicts the period at which the breast cancer is likely to reappear in patients who have had their cancers removed. Data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms are mostly used in the whole process of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. They utilize the large volume of breast cancer data for extracting knowledge. The application of data mining and machine learning methods in biomedical research is presently vital and crucial in efforts to transform intelligently all available data into valuable knowledge.
“All Roads Lead to Fatima”
Authors: Roque Maria Isabel R. , Forte Maria João F.
Published: August 2018

In the centennial of the apparition of Our Lady of Fatima, this chapter analyzes the religious tourism at Cova da Iria: historical and anthropological contextualization of the religious phenomenon; the initial stages of the pilgrimage as spontaneous occurrences without organized touristic facilities; tourism development while the rural landscape was being transformed by the construction of buildings and structures to the religious cult and host facilities appropriating icons and symbols related to the apparitions; the consolidation of the cult with the papal devotion to Our Lady of Fatima, the seers beatification, and canonization and the centennial celebrations imposing a complex management of the sanctuary activities and spaces; as well as a challenging communication of its religious meanings. Conceived as a case study, this research is based on a qualitative methodology involving a bibliographic research towards a theoretical framework, as well as anthropological methods such as direct observation.
The Socioeconomic Potentials of the Religious Tourism of the State of São Paulo (Brazil)
Authors: Tomazzoni Edegar Luis , Beck Daniela Tineo
Published: August 2018

In the list of 105 pilgrimage sites in Brazil, 12 are located in the State of São Paulo. The Basilica (or Sanctuary) of Our Lady Aparecida, in Aparecida do Norte (São Paulo), is the largest pilgrimage center in Brazil and has received more than 12 million visitors per year in the last three years. In the Vale do Paraíba (State of São Paulo), of the 41 million tourists, 18 million were concentrated in the Religious Circuit. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the proposal for the creation of a research project by the Postgraduate Program in Tourism of the School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities (EACH) of the University of São Paulo (USP), which contributes to the productive chain of religious tourism, which impact the social, cultural, economic, and human development of the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The creation of the website of the Religious Cultural Tourism Observatory of the State of São Paulo would be one of the main dissemination strategies and a relevant indicator of the evaluation of the results of the research project.
Characterization of the Population Segment Dedicated to the Retail Trade of Religious Souvenirs
Authors: Maldonado-Erazo Claudia Patricia , Correa-Quezada Ronny , Viñán-Merecí Christian , Sarango-Lalangui Paúl
Published: August 2018

The increasing popularity of religious tourism in the last century is undeniable. This type of tourism presents a complex conceptualization process due to the religious, spiritual, and cultural connotations. From this perspective, the main objective of this chapter was to develop a characterization of the population dedicated to the retail trade of religious souvenirs in the parish of El Cisne, where the pilgrimage of the Virgin of “El Cisne” takes place every year, in the canton Loja. The methodology used for this study centered on a socio-economic characterization of the owners of these retail stores. These retailers were classified into two comparative groups, which were used to determine the variables that had the greatest impact on the quality of life for them and for their families. Among the main results, it was highlighted that this retail activity came from a traditional practice, from whom a very large number of them were not affiliated to any social security system. There was also evidence of the high participation of women as owners of these businesses.
The Use of Augmented Reality as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Concilio Ilana de Almeida Souza , Pacheco Beatriz de Almeida , Corrêa Ana Grasielle Dionísio
Published: August 2018

Augmented reality (AR) has shown to be a facilitating tool and motivation to work with children, young people, and adults in times of recreation (entertainment) and also in classrooms (formal spaces of education). Augmented reality provides a different way of learning with the support of different technologies such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. It allows easy visualization and manipulation of the study object, reproducing the complex data in the form of objects and three-dimensional texts, increasing the student's ability to perceive, which is stimulated by the possibility of interaction with the interface. This chapter aims to present the different augmented reality technologies used in education and also to discuss methodologies for the use of augmented reality applications to improve the teaching and learning process.
Educational Paradigm and Professional Development
Authors: Vujičić Lidija , Tambolaš Akvilina Čamber
Published: August 2018

The culture of an educational institution is a set of individual values and norms, attitudes, beliefs, rituals, expectations, and actions of its members. Without changing the basic assumptions (implicit theories) of individuals working in an institution, there are no fundamental changes in the quality of the educational process. Professional development is understood as continually testing the quality of our own educational interventions, and redefining and modifying them based on the feedback from practice. In this chapter, the authors will focus on the results of preschool teachers' attitudes towards the different aspects of the educational process and the results of the frequency of using modern forms of professional development, obtained by survey method. There is a positive correlation between the modern educational paradigm of the preschool teacher and her participation in the contemporary forms of professional development, which testifies of the mutuality and interdependence of these two dimensions of the culture of the institution of early education.
Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform-Based Effective Denoising of Medical Images
Authors: Karthikeyan P.  , Vasuki S.  , Karthik K.
Published: August 2018

Noise removal in medical images remains a challenge for the researchers because noise removal introduces artifacts and blurring of the image. Developing medical image denoising algorithm is a difficult operation because a tradeoff between noise reduction and the preservation of actual features of image has to be made in a way that enhances and preserves the diagnostically relevant image content. A special member of the emerging family of multiscale geometric transforms is the contourlet transform which effectively captures the image edges and contours. This overcomes the limitations of the existing method of denoising using wavelet and curvelet. But due to down sampling and up sampling, the contourlet transform is shift-variant. However, shift-invariance is desirable in image analysis applications such as edge detection, contour characterization, and image enhancement. In this chapter, nonsubsampled contourlet transform (shift-invariance transform)-based denoising is presented which more effectively represents edges than contourlet transform.
A Survey on Female Breast Cancer
Authors: Anbarasan Kalaivani , Ramya S.
Published: August 2018

The mortality rate of breast cancer can be effectively reduced by early diagnosis. Imaging modalities are used to diagnose through computer for women breast cancer. Digital mammography is the best imaging model for breast cancer screening technique and diagnosis. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), a three-dimensional (3-D) mammography, is an advanced form of breast imaging where multiple images of the breast from different angles are captured and reconstructed (synthesized) into a three-dimensional image set. This chapter discusses the research work carried out on the computer diagnosis of women breast cancer through digital breast tomosynthesis and concludes with further improvement in the computer-aided diagnosis.
A Comparative Study of Medical Image Retrieval Using Distance, Transform, Texture, and Shape
Authors: Swarnambiga A. , Vasuki S.
Published: August 2018

Content-based medical image retrieval (CBMIR) is the application of computer vision techniques to the problem of medical image search in large databases. Three main techniques are applied to check the applicability. The first technique implemented is distance metrics-based retrieval. The second technique implemented is transform-based retrieval. The transform which has lesser performance is combined with higher performance, to check the applicability of the results. The third technique implemented is content-based medical image retrieval. Texture and shape-based retrieval techniques are also applied. Shape-based retrieval is processed using canny edge with the Otsu method. The multifeature-based technique is also applied and analyzed. The best retrieval rate is achieved by multifeature-based retrieval with 100/50%. Based on more relevant retrieved images all the three, brain, liver, and knee, images are found to be retrieved more with 100/50%.
Medical Image Registration in Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Swarnambiga A. , Vasuki S.
Published: August 2018

The term medical image covers a wide variety of types of images (modality), especially in medical image registration with very different perspective. In this chapter, spatial technique is approached and analyzed for providing effective clinical diagnosis. The effective conventional methods are chosen for this registration. Researchers have developed and focused this research using proven conventional methods in the respective fields of registration Affine, Demons, and Affine with B-spline. From the overall analysis, it is clear that Affine with B-Spline performs better in registration of medical images than Affine and Demons.
Curriculum and Training Model Proposal for Infocomunicational Competences Acquisition in Prison
Authors: Graça Daniela , Oliveira Lídia
Published: August 2018

ICT have an important role in various areas of Portuguese society. Social reintegration is a key theme in the Portuguese penal system and its legislation. This dichotomy led to question if the existence of internet access in the school prison has been a reintegration key point. Literature reveals that education is a pivotal factor in the preparation of the inmate to reintegrate society and in the prevention and reduction of recidivism. The present schooling guidelines reinforce the importance of technology base knowledge in the curriculum of any individual. Thus, the acquisition of such competences is of extreme importance, and cannot be ignored in the education that is offered to all those that sit in the margin of society. Two case studies consisting in the implementation of short courses on infocomunicational skills in two prisons allowed to explore the relation between the concepts inmate, internet, and education. The results contribute with a proposal of a curriculum and training model on infocomunicational competences acquisition to apply in prison context.
Prison Blogs, a Place of Freedom Behind Bars
Authors: Franganillo Jorge
Published: August 2018

This chapter reports on the cultural workshop which, from 2006 to 2008, encouraged a group of inmates at the Barcelona Youth Detention Centre to produce and publish blogs as a joint project between the Òmnia on-site internet access point, the prison library, and the Faculty of Library and Information Science of the University of Barcelona. The objectives of the project were to promote inmate education, improve their level of information, encourage them to read and write more, instill some ICT skills in them or strengthen those they already had, and broaden their contact with the outside world. Prison libraries are presented as an agent that supports the intellectual, social, and cultural development of inmates and thus can help them on the road to personal betterment. The prisoners' responses are critically assessed; the experience was considered positive, although the insufficient technological infrastructure and the prisoners' rejection of certain social conventions represent obstacles.
New Media Usage and the Impact on Inmates' Technological Profiles and Their Infocommunicational Skills
Authors: Melro Ana , Graça Daniela , Oliveira Lídia
Published: August 2018

We live in a period of new literacies development, specifically the technological ones. Contact with new media or changes in more traditional ones leads to a need for different social, intellectual, and educational tools. As a consequence of the new demands of the twenty-first century, teaching had to be updated and monitored in order to foster the inclusion of individuals at school, work, socially, and digitally. The learning of technological tools should not marginalize individuals for their geographic, economic, and/or social characteristics, and should happen in an equitable way regardless of the teaching context. Media education is a factor that can favorably contribute to the process of the inmate inclusion in “free society” and to reduce recidivism. The chapter intends to reflect on the integration of the new media in the Portuguese education system in general, and later to analyze it in micro contexts, by comparative observation of the “citizen-inmate.”
Prison and Social Reintegration
Authors: Añez Maria A.
Published: August 2018

This study uses the voice of a formerly freedom-deprived individual, resorting to his memory, perception, and the exchange of the information acquired during his tenure in jail to interpret and understand the implications and manners of thought of those who live the prison reality. Following the qualitative methodology as the approach in the case study, this investigation demonstrates that in spite of the years that have passed, and of the efforts undertaken by the governments to make changes, jails continue being frequently damaged spaces, and in their interiors reigns a particular way of life in which violence is a necessary consequence, where socially diminished individuals retrain, with insufficient programs of attention, limited offers and opportunities of access amongst other restrictions, which end on disrespect and violation of their human rights because many times, more than stimulation for their rehabilitation, which is the proclaimed goal of the penitentiary system, jail is constituted into a place of development of their criminal career.
The Role of Social Marketing in Preventing the Spread of Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Daoud Ines Mezghani , Meddeb Marwa
Published: August 2018

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers have become a major health concern for most countries around the world. Different elements such as social, biological, and environmental cause the NCDs. But the only way that one can intentionally modify to avoid these diseases is the desire to reduce risk factors for physical activity, tobacco, and diet. Several prevention strategies have been launched worldwide thorough governmental programs by implementing policies/laws. However, these programs don't integrate active communicate participation and support with the social community. This chapter aims to bring out the priority of enhancing the level of public awareness of NCDs. To ensure public responsiveness, the focus of this research is to create an effective solution to prevent risky behavior. The authors focus on the construction of “Sahtek,” a social media solution developed on the fundamentals of social marketing, to better coach and promote awareness of NCDs prevention.
Cyber Crime and Challenges of Securing Nigeria's Cyber-Space Against Criminal Attacks
Authors: Assay Benjamin Enahoro
Published: August 2018

The growing menace of cyber-related crimes in Nigeria is giving the government and other stakeholders in the information and communication technology sector a cause to worry. Apart from taking a toll on the nation's economic sphere, it has also affected the image of the country negatively especially when viewed against the backdrop of the recent ranking of Nigeria as third in global internet crimes behind United Kingdom and the United States. This scenario, no doubt, requires urgent attention. This chapter, therefore, proffer solutions and recommend ways to make the country's cyberspace free from incessant criminal attacks.
Internet Service Provider Liability in Relation to P2P Sites
Authors: Dewani Nisha Dhanraj
Published: August 2018

Different systems require different levels of security according to the services they provide to their users. Cyberspace is the alliance of various networks together connected through internet service providers (ISPs). However, the alliance of these networks often faces security issues. Some use the internet as a path for illegal activities such as breaching of others computer or networks, damaging and stealing information, and blocking or denying legitimate users from services they subscribe. So, the purpose of this chapter is to review the responsibilities of ISPs in securing their customers' network, and find out whether there are legal provisions, or liabilities that are bindings on the ISPs to provide security for their customers. What protections are envisaged under the umbrella of safe harbors? Are ISPs responsible for end users' network security? The Swedish Court recently found The Pirate Bay (TPB) guilty of making copyright works available. Finally, this chapter will analyze the issues raised in the TPB along with ISPs liability.
Trust and Reputation in Digital Environments
Authors: Aluko Opeyemi Idowu
Published: August 2018

The trend of e-governance and m-governance in governance is increasing rapidly and the instrument of governance is getting closer to the citizens. This chapter considers the trust and reputation of the digital environment of e-governance and m-governance in the world from the existing legal and judicial inkling. How sufficient are the international policies and benchmarks on the use of information communication technology (ICT) for e-governance and m-governance within and among nations to be trusted and judged to be of good repute among the users and has it been able to promote the use of e-governance and m-governance among the nations of the world? The theoretical framework that this chapter hinges on is the actor network theory (ANT). It emerged from a line of research broadly referred to as the social shaping of technology. The methodology adopted focuses on the United Nation survey data on e-governance from 2005-2016. The data collected is analyzed based on regional and economic groupings for e-government development index (EGDI) of Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.
DBMS Log Analytics for Detecting Insider Threats in Contemporary Organizations
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Foley Simon N. , O'Sullivan Barry
Published: August 2018

Insiders are legitimate users of a system; however, they pose a threat because of their granted access privileges. Anomaly-based intrusion detection approaches have been shown to be effective in the detection of insiders' malicious behavior. Database management systems (DBMS) are the core of any contemporary organization enabling them to store and manage their data. Yet insiders may misuse their privileges to access stored data via a DBMS with malicious intentions. In this chapter, a taxonomy of anomalous DBMS access detection systems is presented. Secondly, an anomaly-based mechanism that detects insider attacks within a DBMS framework is proposed whereby a model of normative behavior of insiders n-grams are used to capture normal query patterns in a log of SQL queries generated from a synthetic banking application system. It is demonstrated that n-grams do capture the short-term correlations inherent in the application. This chapter also outlines challenges pertaining to the design of more effective anomaly-based intrusion detection systems to detect insider attacks.
EdgeCloud
Authors: Murthy Jamuna S.
Published: August 2018

In the recent years, edge/fog computing is gaining greater importance and has led to the deployment of many smart devices and application frameworks which support real-time data processing. Edge computing is an extension to existing cloud computing environment and focuses on improving the reliability, scalability, and resource efficiency of cloud by abolishing the need for processing all the data at one time and thus increasing the bandwidth of a network. Edge computing can complement cloud computing in a way leading to a novel architecture which can benefit from both edge and cloud resources. This kind of resource architecture may require resource continuity provided that the selection of resources for executing a service in cloud is independent of physical location. Hence, this research work proposes a novel architecture called “EdgeCloud,” which is a distributed management system for resource continuity in edge to cloud computing environment. The performance of the system is evaluated by considering a traffic management service example mapped into the proposed layered framework.
The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain
Authors: Domboka Thomas
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.
Staff Development Programs in the Wake of Migration and Refugee Crisis
Authors: Erçetin Şefika Şule , Bisaso Ssali Muhammadi
Published: August 2018

The successful provision of education for migrant groups rests on the shoulders of teachers. This is premised on the valid view that a teacher is a crucial mediator between migrant families and the host country or community. The teacher enjoys the greatest contact with migrant learners and can influence progress of these migrant learners directly and indirectly which informs transformation. Indeed, experts believe that teacher training should aim to improve knowledge, understanding and practical implementation of teaching ideas, materials and methods to facilitate effective learning on the part of migrants. This spelt the entry point of this paper, the need to explore areas in which teacher training or staff development should be conceived in order to transform migrant education. This was done in tandem with intriguing characteristics of migrant learners as well as a closer look at expected structural and managerial adjustments in education courtesy of migration and refugee crisis.
Promoting Culturally Sensitive Strategies to Enhance Physical Education among Immigrant and Refugee Youth
Authors: Rotich Jerono P. , Fuller Tiffany
Published: August 2018

Given the prevalence of overweight and obesity among immigrant and refugee children and youth in America, there is a growing need for physical education, physical activity and sports professionals to incorporate culturally and socially responsive strategies into their programs and activities According to Ike-Chinaka (2013), obesity has been identified as a chronic disease that emerges among immigrant populations after they settled in the United States of America. This chapter will focus on the challenges of newly arrived immigrants and refugee youth, and determinants of participation in physical activity and sports. Additionally, the chapter offers some culturally and socially sensitive tips and strategies that professionals in physical education, physical activity and sports can incorporate into their programs and activities so as to increase the participation among newly arrived immigrants and refugee youth.
“So, Are You Hindi?”
Authors: Hickey M. Gail
Published: August 2018

Immigrant children and adolescents living in the United States encounter significant stressors during the acculturation process, particularly in the schooling context. South Asian immigrants identify strongly with religious and geographic region background. This chapter investigates intersections between religion and education in U.S. South Asians' post-migration experiences in the American Midwest. Findings suggest South Asian children enrolled in U.S. schools are confronted daily by the duality between their parents' birth culture and mainstream values and traditions of the host culture. Participants and their families experience prejudice and racism in daily activities, including school. Prejudice ranges from judgments about English-speaking ability to doubts about the South Asian education system to prepare workers for U.S. jobs. Findings show religious affiliation, accent, skin color, and ethnic dress create barriers for South Asians trying to fit into everyday American society.
An Insight Into Global Perspectives on Human Resources Management Practices for Immigrants and Refugees
Authors: Doğru Çağlar
Published: August 2018

According to new data obtained from the United Nations, the number of international immigrants have reached to the number of 244 million in 2015. Nearly 4 out of 100 people in the world live in foreign countries instead of living in countries where they were born. Among these people, 10 per cent are refugees. These 20 million people have been forced to live abroad depending on political and other reasons. All these people try to have a life standard worthy of human dignity. At this point, human resources management practices of host countries should provide “decent work” which is firstly introduced by International Labour Organization as a concept. In this chapter, while adapting immigrants and refugees to the business life of host countries, it has been searched which human resources management practices are used by companies and how. Among these practices it has been remarked that, practices like human resources planning, personnel recruitment and selection, training and development of employees, career management and planning, performance appraisal, compensation, job security and worker safety issues gain importance.
The Political Context of Migration in the UK
Authors: Smith David
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers the societal response to the arrival in the UK of significant numbers of Roma Gypsies from East and Central Europe in recent years through the framework of Imogen Tyler's (2013) ‘social abjection' concept. In particular the chapter examines the relations between media and political discourses surrounding Roma migrants in the context of growing anti-EU sentiment on one hand and a parallel critique of multiculturalism on the other in order to examine the role and function that the Roma have played in these debates. The interplay between these different fields of discourse draws on a ‘consensus of disgust' that affirms social boundaries and creates physical, social and moral distance from ‘Others' considered as ‘polluting' and of less worth. The promotion and incitement of disgust as a mechanism of governance serves wider political and ideological objectives while also inhibiting the potential of social integration strategies, restricting the inclusionary potential of such policies and the assimilation of Roma populations.
Migrants and Effective Legal Representation in Criminal Cases via Legal Aid Systems
Authors: Sorvatzioti Demetra F.
Published: August 2018

The European countries are obliged to fulfill the provisions of the European Convention on human rights regarding the protection of the accused rights' and ensuring the principle of fair trial. Nowadays, because of the economic crisis more people are affected by poverty and many immigrants enter Europe. Poor and immigrants who break the law cannot afford to pay for the services of a lawyer and for the most of them the states provide legal aid assistance. This chapter indicates that in order to safeguard the accused rights' it is mandatory for the legal aid lawyer to defend the accused effectively, otherwise the protection is just formal and does not fulfill the substantive conventional obligation of the State for fair trial. It is proposed for the States to establish qualitative criteria for the legal aid lawyers. The voluntary character of the legal aid scheme imposes an imperative duty for the lawyers to ensure fair trial for the poor.
Municipalities and Refugee Crisis
Authors: Erçetin Şefika Şule , Potas Nihan , Açıkalın Şuay Nilhan , Özdemir Nedim , Doğan Abdullah Mesut
Published: August 2018

Truly, while some countries are still grappling with policy issues to do with acceptance of the refugees in their respective countries, Turkey has become a safe haven to many, a refugee. This has not only featured the ordinary aspects of food, shelter, drinking water, clothing but also services like education, health, social services and transport assistance. Even more crucially, Turkey has offered other aspects bordering on integration, rights and freedoms, representation, mainstreaming and identity which are critical to the asylum seekers. This makes them feel at home especially given that they may end up staying for a long time or even never return to their homes. Such a process requires multi-dimensional legal and administrative regulation but Turkey has always come up with its own localized version of legal settings to accommodate spontaneous issues. This is what has distinguished Turkey from all other countries in the world given its immeasurable, priceless and invaluable handling of asylum seekers.
The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the Role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Authors: Ahmed Zahid Shahab
Published: August 2018

Following the Arab Spring, the Middle East is in chaos with ongoing wars in Yemen and Syria. There are millions of Syrians seeking refuge in neighboring countries like Turkey and Lebanon, and in European countries like Greece, Hungary, and Germany. Nonetheless, the largest proportion of Syrian refugees in hosted by neighboring countries needing continuous support of the international community. As the issue of Syrian refugees is transnational, there is a need to look for multilateral options for dealing with the crisis. Thus, the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) becomes crucial. Irrespective of being labelled as a ‘talk fest', there is no denying of the fact that OIC has significant potential for tackling grave challenges facing the Muslim world. The problems range from extremism and radicalization to poverty and illiteracy. Now there is the emergent challenge of refugees from the Middle Eastern crisis. This paper evaluates the role of OIC with reference to the Syrian refugee crisis in the Middle East and beyond.
How to Create a Pedagogic Conversational Agent for Teaching Computer Science
Authors: Ocaña José Miguel , Morales-Urrutia Elizabeth K. , Pérez-Marín Diana , Tamayo-Moreno Silvia
Published: August 2018

Pedagogic conversational agents are computer applications that can interact with students in natural language. They have been used with satisfactory results on the instruction of several domains. The authors believe that they could also be useful for the instruction of computer science programming. Therefore, in this chapter, the MEDIE methodology is described to explain how to create an agent to teach programming to primary education children and develop their computational thinking. The main steps are to communicate with the teacher team, to validate the interface, and to validate the functionality, practical sessions, and evaluation. The first two steps are covered in this chapter.
The Reality of Use of WhatsApp as a Tool for Distance Education in Teaching and Learning
Authors: AI-Saleem Naifa Eid , Al-Saqri Mohammed Nasser , Al-Badri Aysha Sultan
Published: August 2018

This research aims to investigate the reality of WhatsApp use among faculty members at the Department of Information Studies (IS) at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in the Sultanate of Oman as a tool for distance education (DE) and as a tool for teaching and learning. The study also focuses on the information retrieved on WhatsApp teaching groups and its use. Data was collected through the interview method. The results of the study showed that three faculty members out of nine are using WhatsApp in teaching and learning. They use it for class discussions and explanations of projects. The study showed that the three faculty members in the Department of IS who used WhatsApp in teaching and learning are using it in general to communicate with the students and also for educational purpose. In addition, the study showed a relationship between age, nationality, and specialization. The study also proved that students used WhatsApp as an open source of information.
Relationships of Smartphone Dependence With Chronotype and Gender in Adolescence
Authors: Ezoe Satoko , Toda Masahiro
Published: August 2018

Smartphone use has rapidly developed in recent years and become an established part of daily life in many countries. As various applications have been developed as communication tools for use with smartphones, allowing the internet to become more accessible, patterns of dependence have been routinely reported particularly among adolescents. In this chapter, the authors reviewed the previous studies about the relationships of smartphone dependence to chronotype and gender among adolescents. Chronotype refers to preference for sleep-wake timing: for example, morning types go to bed, get up, and experience peak alertness and performance earlier in the day than do evening types. It was found that the light emitted from media screen in the evening before bedtime may delay the circadian rhythm. In addition, excessive smartphone use may lead to sleep disturbances. Recent studies suggested that evening types and females may be more prone to become smartphone dependent.
Brain-Computer Interface for Cyberpsychology
Authors: Peng Yujia
Published: August 2018

As a new way of implementing human-computer interface, brain-computer interfaces (BCI) dramatically changed the user experiences and have broad applications in cyber behavior research. This chapter aims to provide an overall picture of the BCI science and its role in cyberpsychology. The chapter starts with an introduction of the concept, components, and the history and development of BCI. It is then followed by an overview of neuroimaging technologies and signals commonly used in BCI. Then, different applications of BCI on both the clinical population and the general population are summarized in connection with cyberpsychology. Specifically, applications include communication, rehabilitation, entertainments, learning, marketing, and authentication. The chapter concludes with the future directions of BCI.
Using Augmented Reality Technologies to Enhance Students' Engagement and Achievement in Science Laboratories
Authors: Chang Rong-Chi , Yu Zeng-Shiang
Published: August 2018

This article aims to explore the impact of AR on the learning outcomes of college freshmen and their knowledge about the biology lab course. In a study, a basic biology lab course app was developed using AR technology. The students used this app to prepare for a basic biology lab course, and carry on self-learning without the help of instructors. The results showed that by integrating AR technology into the instruction, the students took on a more positive autonomous learning attitude; they were able to gain a better grasp of the basic biology lab knowledge through the interactive operation as well as cooperative learning. In addition, the students were found to have learned the importance of scientific knowledge with this interactive technology. The basic biology lab course app developed in the study offered the benefits of autonomous learning, situational simulation and interactive experience.
An Automatic Group Formation Method to Promote Student Interaction in Distance Education Courses
Authors: Ullmann Matheus , Ferreira Deller , Camilo-Junior Celso
Published: August 2018

This article proposes an automatic group formation method applying the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to boost the quality of students' online interactions. The groups were heterogeneous regarding their levels of knowledge and their interests, and three different leadership roles were distributed among group members. A case study with 66 undergraduate students was performed. Discourse analysis was applied using two coding schemes to measure the critical thinking apparent in the students' online discussions and evaluate the socio-cognitive aspects of group interactions. The results provided evidence that groups of undergraduate students formed by the proposed method achieved better scores in most categories analyzed when compared to the randomly formed groups.
Tutoring Integrated Learning With Video-Based Training to Enhance the Support of the Learners in WIL
Authors: Nuninger Walter , Châtelet Jean-Marie
Published: August 2018

This article describes how higher education providers are adapting their training offers to comply with social challenges and quality issues. The tremendous evolution of ICTEs provides new pedagogical opportunities, making not only possible but simpler multimedia-based e-learning and distance learning with educational videos. Our learners in WIL evolve as engineers thanks to a Formative Work Situation in the company. Active pedagogy reinforces the ownership of knowledge, which is then put into practice at work to improve skills, but the key lever to overcome resistance to change is the support by a duo of tutors in the winning-trio. Thus, this proposal for Tutoring Integrated Learning (TIL) promotes the Continuous Education of the learner-tutors. Applying the same pedagogical approach (“learn by doing”), TIL is based on a Formative Tutoring Work Situation supported by distance self-training with videos for specific knowledge, then guidance by expert-tutors and debriefings in the team to improve their skills. Results are the tutors' proficiency and a shared tutoring culture.
A Research Study on How Project Management Can Help Improve Lean Six Sigma
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: August 2018

Today, project managers are challenged with improving efficiency and overall productivity while working on certain tasks. They must be flexible and understand how to use tools and methods to improve results. While Lean Six Sigma (LSS) provides an overall data driven process to detect and improve system defects, project management has tools to evaluate and create a defined plan and manage a project. This article examines LSS alongside Project Management. It breaks down Six Sigma's DMAIC process, and shows incorporate both LSS and project management tools. If LSS only focuses on minimizing defects, then time management, cost reduction, and overall project planning must be incorporated to achieve successful project completion. This research demonstrates how that is possible. Finally, the research answers a key question: Can project management benefit LSS?
What Human Resource Management Can Teach The Goal
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: August 2018

Human resource management is a key element in the production process of many companies operating in the global business environment. The need for proper functioning and personal discipline resource with a high level of competency determines whether the company achieves its goals. It is the concern of every manager to ensure there are adequate controls and treatment of human resources that work with positive energy to drive the organization in the right direction. A successful implementation of human resource requirements will enable the company to work towards economic production and proper transformation towards higher standards. A study of The Goal by Eli Goldratt reveals the relevant points that should be considered in creating management strategies that make proper use of human resources to achieve higher levels of profitability and overall success in the global business environment.
Scheduling Analysis and Strategic Service Planning for Optimum Operation of Two Parallel Machines Under Effect of Sequencing
Authors: Nedaei Mojtaba
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a novel scheduling model for a job-shop environment under the effect of sequencing was proposed. The decision variables from a manufacturing company, which consists of two designed parallel machines with zero buffer capacity, each with 10 jobs were investigated. Four scheduling models for the purpose of sequencing were also developed. The variations of the energy consumption and processing time of the machines was also studied to let the designers know exploring better solutions towards enhancing the performance of the machines. Comparison of the optimum results confirmed the conflicting relation of the energy consumption and make-span in the studied job-shop. It was also concluded that the first operating machine had significantly more compressed and accumulated processing hours. Additionally, the primary factors affecting the reliability and efficiency of the machines were identified and examined. The further results have also demonstrated the practical implications of the current analysis from an energy and operational perspective.
A New LSA and Entropy-Based Approach for Automatic Text Document Summarization
Authors: Yadav Chandra , Sharan Aditi
Published: August 2018

Automatic text document summarization is active research area in text mining field. In this article, the authors are proposing two new approaches (three models) for sentence selection, and a new entropy-based summary evaluation criteria. The first approach is based on the algebraic model, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), i.e. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and model is termed as proposed_model-1, and Second Approach is based on entropy that is further divided into proposed_model-2 and proposed_model-3. In first proposed model, the authors are using right singular matrix, and second & third proposed models are based on Shannon entropy. The advantage of these models is that these are not a Length dominating model, giving better results, and low redundancy. Along with these three new models, an entropy-based summary evaluation criteria is proposed and tested. They are also showing that their entropy based proposed models statistically closer to DUC-2002's standard/gold summary. In this article, the authors are using a dataset taken from Document Understanding Conference-2002.