bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El porvenir de una colección. Cultura burguesa, identidad y memoria pública a través del Museo Municipal de Arte Decorativo “Firma y Odilo Estévez” de Rosario
Authors: Simonetta Leonardo C. , Zapata Horacio Miguel Hernán
Published: December 2020

El artículo reconstruye, apelando a un enfoque que conjuga los aportes de la historia social, la historia cultural y los estudios museológicos sobre patrimonio, el derrotero de una colección privada de arte reunida por el matrimonio conformado por Firma Mayor y Odilo Estévez Yáñez, dos integrantes del grupo social dominante que sentó las bases para la construcción de un orden burgués en la ciudad de Rosario a principios del siglo XX. Estudia además el papel central que jugó –y aún juega– este acervo, por un lado, en la creación de uno de los principales museos que existen actualmente en la localidad, el Museo Municipal de Arte Decorativo “Firma y Odilo Estévez”; y, por el otro, en la configuración de la identidad y memoria pública de estos coleccionistas que los perpetuarán como figuras destacadas del pasado local en el imaginario institucional y colectivo a través de los objetos que alguna vez les pertenecieron.
(Sobre)vidas: objetos, memorias e identidades en la transmisión de experiencias concentracionarias
Authors: Tello Mariana Eva
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo busca dar cuenta, desde una perspectiva antropológica, de la relación entre objetos, memorias e identidades en el marco de experiencias concentracionarias. El mismo se enmarca en la investigación realizada para el montaje de la muestra (Sobre)VIDAS -que integra el museo de Sitio del ex CCDTyE “La Perla”- en la cual se abordan diferentes temas relacionados con la experiencia concentracionaria a partir de objetos sacados del Campo por algunos sobrevivientes. El artículo analiza el papel de los objetos como marcos sociales de la memoria, y su potencial para la transmisión de estas experiencias tanto en el contexto judicial como en el museográfico. Finalmente, esboza líneas para el debate acerca de los desafíos (éticos, estéticos y políticos) que supone la exhibición de objetos relacionados con el exterminio, estableciendo comparaciones sobre los significados que adquieren este tipo de dispositivos museográficos en diferentes contextos nacionales.
Primeros resultados del análisis zooarqueológico del sitio histórico El Santuario I (Magdalena, provincia de Buenos Aires)
Authors: García María Soledad , Del Papa Luis Manuel
Published: December 2020

Se presentan los primeros resultados del análisis de una muestra de restos faunísticos provenientes del sitio El Santuario I (partido de Magdalena, provincia de Buenos Aires). El registro arqueológico del sitio se compone mayoritariamente de materiales vítreos pertenecientes a recipientes de bebidas alcohólicas y restos faunísticos. En menor proporción se registraron pipas de caolín y elementos metálicos. El análisis del contexto permite ubicar la ocupación en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. A partir de las evidencias tanto documentales como arqueológicas, se interpreta al sitio como un área de consumo y descarte de grupos criollos, relacionado con las tareas pecuarias desarrolladas en el establecimiento productivo. Las evidencias de la utilización antrópica en el material óseo (marcas de corte, fracturas intencionales y señales de termoalteración) se registran exclusivamente en la fauna doméstica, Ovis aries y Bos taurus. Estas especies son las de mayor representación en la muestra y se infiere un uso diferencial de las mismas. Este trabajo permite una aproximación a la caracterización de foodways de los sectores rurales abordados y las estrategias de explotación del ganado implementadas.
Aportes paleobotánicos en la reconstrucción de paleodietas. Análisis de coprolitos del Cerro Casa de Piedra, Santa Cruz
Authors: Martínez Tosto Ana Cecilia , Burry Lidia Susana , Civalero María Teresa
Published: December 2020

Los coprolitos son heces fósiles deshidratadas o mineralizadas que contienen inclusiones orgánicas e inorgánicas. El estudio de las inclusiones de origen vegetal de los coprolitos permite conocer los ítems vegetales consumidos por los organismos e inferir la estacionalidad en el uso del sitio. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el contenido de polen y de microrrestos vegetales de un coprolito humano del sitio CCP7 relacionado a una capa arqueológica fechada en 8920±200 C14 (UGA 7383) años AP. El sitio CCP7 está ubicado en la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina) en el ecotono bosque-estepa. Se realizaron los análisis polínicos y microhistológicos de los restos vegetales del coprolito. Se identificaron 13 tipos polínicos, tres de ellos pertenecientes a la vegetación del bosque y el resto a la estepa. Mediante el análisis microhistológico se identificaron las especies Azorella monanthos, Empetrum rubrum y Gaultheria mucronata. El análisis simultáneo de la información extraída de los datos palinológicos y de los microhistológicos mostró coincidencias parciales entre el contenido de polen y de restos vegetales, permitiendo reconstruir la porción vegetal de la paleodieta e inferir la época del año en que el hombre que dio origen al coprolito estuvo ocupando el sitio CCP7.
Arqueofauna del sitio El Piñón, Cultura Bolaños, Jalisco, México
Authors: Rodríguez Galicia Bernardo , Valadez Azúa Raúl , Cabrero García María Teresa
Published: December 2020

La cultura Bolaños comprende diversas comunidades humanas que se asentaron en uno de los cañones que forman la Sierra Madre Occidental y se ubica, cronológicamente, entre el año 100 a.C. y llega al 1260 de nuestra era, extendiéndose desde el sur de Zacatecas hasta llegar a la desembocadura del río Grande de Santiago, en el centro de Jalisco, México. La base de su desarrollo fue el intercambio de artefactos por productos y materias primas que no existían en la región del occidente mexicano. Aquí el estudio arqueozoológico realizado con las colecciones de restos óseos obtenidos de las excavaciones efectuadas en el sitio arqueológico “El Piñón”, y su correspondiente interpretación, permitió reconstruir tanto el ambiente natural como el cultural suscitado en el pasado. La fauna identificada consistió, en un primer análisis preliminar, en poco más de 3333 especímenes óseos, entre huesos y dientes no modificados, y alterados por cocción, cremación o trabajados, los cuales correspondieron a más de 250 individuos, entre los que se pueden mencionar: conejos, liebres, ardillas, tuzas (topos), perros, pumas, linces, pecaríes, venados, guajolotes (pavos), patos, codornices y guacamayas verdes, entre otros vertebrados que son comunes al ambiente semiseco-templado que prevalece en la región de Zacatecas-Jalisco.
Los museos de la última frontera bonaerense y sus narrativas acerca de los pueblos indígenas
Authors: Nagy Mariano Ariel
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se analizan las narrativas hegemónicas acerca de los pueblos indígenas que se presentan en los museos de las ex comandancias militares, fundadas en el marco de la estrategia de avance de la frontera del Ministro de Guerra Adolfo Alsina. Dichas comandancias han devenido ciudades emplazadas en un espacio que denominamos última frontera bonaerense, cuya marca más significativa, la Zanja de Alsina, se constituiría como el último límite frente a las sociedades indígenas y la antesala de las campañas militares conocidas como la Conquista del Desierto (1879-1885). Éste espacio regional cuenta en la actualidad con una serie de museos históricos que construyen un relato acerca del origen local y nacional, de los pueblos indígenas y de las campañas militares emprendidas para su sometimiento. Se abordan aquí los casos de Puan y Trenque Lauquen, con especial énfasis en el análisis de los relatos históricos que sus museos exhiben y han logrado cristalizar en el imaginario colectivo, como así también en aquellos tópicos nunca considerados, entre los cuales el sometimiento y las posteriores trayectorias de los aborígenes de la región, devienen en el ejemplo más notable.
Los editores independientes y la constitución de un capital simbólico transnacional: condiciones sociales del ingreso de la diversidad cultural en Chile
Authors: Bustamante Fajardo Mauricio , Symmes Coll Constanza Aída
Published: December 2020

Bajo el prisma de la circulación internacional de ideas, este artículo presenta un análisis sobre las condiciones sociales que trazaron el itinerario transnacional del principio de diversidad cultural entre agentes y estructuras de distinto orden (organismos internacionales, Estados y asociaciones de profesionales de la cultura). Este principio acumula en su trayecto un capital simbólico, tomado y reinvertido por un sector del mundo cultural chileno para la rehabilitación de la cultura como una categoría de intervención pública. Acogida y traducida a la escena nacional, la causa de la diversidad cultural responde a dinámicas que no pueden ser entendidas, sino a la luz de una homología estructural de posiciones entre agentes diferentes, situados a distintas escalas. En el plano internacional las ideas no circulan por sí solas, se estructuran dentro de un espacio de posibilidades a nivel nacional. Desde esta perspectiva, se mostrará de qué manera la movilización de los editores independiente fue determinante en la inscripción de la diversidad cultural en Chile.
El cuerpo del Héroe: el descubrimiento del busto de un Soldado caído en la Guerra de Malvinas
Authors: Panizo Laura Marina
Published: December 2020

En este artículo veremos de qué manera el descubrimiento del busto del soldado caído en la Guerra de Malvinas, Elbio Araujo, expresa un marco simbólico de interpretación de la muerte en la guerra de un grupo particular, y deviene para los familiares en un escenario de dramatización de la muerte que por la falta del cuerpo no pudo enfrentarse a través de sus formas habituales. Observaré al ritual desde el punto de vista de la performance, ya que nos permite ver de qué manera estamos refiriéndonos a experiencias vivenciadas en escenarios determinados, a través de los cuales es habitada la muerte de una persona, y significada de una manera particular. Así, veremos que a través del descubrimiento del busto, se sustituye la presencia del cuerpo ausente por otra materialidad y la puesta en escena actúa no sólo como un canal de comunicación a través del cual los deudos expresan al resto de la sociedad sus experiencias y los sentidos dados a la muerte en la guerra, sino que deviene también, para los familiares involucrados, en una práctica transformadora en cuanto a la reflexividad que propone sobre la condición social del muerto.
La verosimilitud y el pragmatismo en los relatos de la prensa gráfica sobre la política
Authors: Maidana Fernanda
Published: December 2020

In my present doctoral research on emergency and fall of leaders of the Justicialista Party of Salta (Argentina), I observe accounts of the graphic press that describe events of the political dynamics taking into descriptions gossip, rumors and confidences obtained from interactions mediated by the trust and intimacy with leaders, civil servants and workers close to local leaders. Although those rumours and confidences cannot be verified, the credibility of the information, for writers and journalists, is also supported by trust. However, the analysis and interpretation of the information construct veracity from the verisimilitude . The proximity of the description with that dominant view that considers politics as an activity devoid of values, whose pragmatism contrasts with the politics of ideals, allows to achieve such verisimilitude. Thus, the most effective descriptions in the valuation of the political calcullation, strategy and interests of those who are involved - with evidences of political gestures in solidarity to that estimate - would be the closest to the ‘real’ facts. However, this adjustments of interests over values offers a direction when considering these accounts as sources, because it overshadows those moral orientations which, as other studies indicate, would be very spread among the leaders of peronismo.
Asimetría direccional del postcráneo en poblaciones prehispánicas del sur de Sudamérica
Authors: Lotto Federico Pablo , Béguelin Marien
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los patrones de asimetría direccional en el tamaño de los huesos largos en poblaciones aborígenes de cazadores-recolectores y agricultores del sur de Sudamérica. Se midieron variables del postcráneo de 272 individuos adultos de ambos sexos correspondientes a cinco muestras de las regiones pampeana, patagónica y Noroeste de Argentina y de la Costa y Valle de Azapa, en el Norte de Chile. Asimismo, se recolectaron datos de 139 individuos adultos de ambos sexos correspondientes a tres muestras del Norte, Sudeste y Sudoeste de Norteamérica. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron en términos de lateralidad y magnitud, dimorfismo sexual y diferencias por modo de subsistencia. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la asimetría direccional en el miembro superior, particularmente en el diámetro de la diáfisis del húmero. A su vez, estos resultados sugieren que el modo de subsistencia, al menos en las categorías consideradas en este trabajo, no es una variable ambiental adecuada para explicar los patrones de asimetría direccional entre las poblaciones estudiadas.
Variación morfológica craneofacial en poblaciones humanas de la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina)
Authors: Menendez Lumila Paula , Seldes Verónica
Published: December 2020

El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar la variación morfológica craneofacial en poblaciones humanas que habitaron la Quebrada de Humahuaca durante el Holoceno tardío. Se estudiaron los cambios en forma y tamaño del esqueleto facial y base craneana, y se evaluó la distribución de la variación morfológica craneofacial en el espacio geográfico. Para esto, se seleccionaron 114 cráneos de individuos adultos de ambos sexos que no presentasen modificaciones culturales o las presentasen en un grado muy leve, procedentes de seis sitios del sector medio de la Quebrada. Se relevaron 41 puntos anatómicos en 3D con un brazo mecánico Microscribe G2X. Para evaluar la variación morfológica se realizó un ANOVA, se calcularon componentes principales y variables canónicas; mientras que la asociación entre morfología y variación espacial fue evaluada a través de un análisis de Procrustes. Los resultados indican que la variación craneofacial difiere según se considere el esqueleto facial ó la base. Dado que los mayores cambios se registraron en la región facial, la variación morfológica podría ser explicada como producto de la plasticidad fenotípica. Asimismo, no se encontró relación entre la variación morfológica y la distribución geográfica de las muestras.
Editorial
Authors: Izeta Andrés
Published: December 2020

Como veníamos anticipando tenemos el agrado de anunciar que desde este volumen 7 (correspondiente al año 2014) la RMA publicará dos números al año. Con esto se cumple el objetivo de lograr acortar los tiempos entre el envío de los manuscritos por parte de los autores y la efectiva publicación de los artículos. Las fechas de publicación serán en Junio y Diciembre de cada año. Asimismo por cuestiones organizativas dentro de la estructura de gestión de revistas científicas de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, la RMA pasará a tener un nuevo URL. Nuestra revista se integrará al Portal de Revistas de la UNC en el URL: http://revistas.unc.edu.ar/ index.php/antropologia
DESA PARIWISATA BERORIENTASI SEBAGAI PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH PERKOTAAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN HYBRID SPACE
Authors: Pradipto Eugenius , Prakoso Aditha Agung , Wulansari Maria Ariadne Dewi , Fadhilla Titania Nur
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Sudimoro Village is one of the villages that suffered from the eruption of Mount Merapi in October 2010. Over time, Sudimoro has become a potential space to learn about disaster mitigation and about the use of bamboo as a sustainable building material. Geographically, Sudimoro is surrounded by many developing tourist destinations, in the west there are Elo Progo River Rafting and Mendut Temple, on the east side there is Gunungpring Cemetery. This village has the potential as a strategic Hybrid Space to connect all tourist points as tourist magnets, to support urban development. After 10 years, the temporary bamboo shelter in Sudimoro village began to be gradually developed by residents into a tourist village. Apart from preserving the historical value of the Bamboo Shelter and increasing the socio-cultural and local ecological values, the use of bamboo buildings is also a strategy for the sustainability of the Bamboo Shelter’s existence. In this paper, the author aims to make a comparison of the position of Sudimoro village compared to other tourist villages, as well as an assessment of Sudimoro's potential to become an urban tourism development area with the Hybrid Space approach.
Analisa Metode Certainty Factor dan Teorema Bayes Dalam Mendeteksi Suatu Penyakit
Authors: Maulia Ainul Afnan
Published: December 2020

DBD, Campak,  dan Tipes  merupakan penyakit yang sering dialami oleh masyarakat indonesia. Dan untuk DBD sendiri Menurut data kemenkes tahun 2018 Provinsi yang terbanyak terjangkit adalah Jawa Barat dengan total penderita sebanyak 8.732 disusul oleh Jawa Timur 8.449. Namun untuk Case fatality rate Povinsi Maluku Utara menempati urutan pertama dengan persentase 3,64 % . Gejala yang dialami penderita penyakit ini hampir mirip, hal itulah yang menyebabkan masyarakat awam sering salah diagnosa akan penyakit ini. Sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah sistem pakar yang dapat membantu masyarakat dalam menentukan gejala penyakit yang dialami sejak dini agar nantinya masyarakat dapat menangani penderita agar tidak lebih parah. Didalam penelitian ini menggunakan 2 metode yaitu Certainty Factor dan Teorema Bayes untuk dibandingkan yang nantinya dianalisa akurasi dari masing-masing metode. Dari penelitian ini Certainty factor mendapat akurasi 80% sedangkan Teorema bayes hanya mendapat 60%.
On Lists, Indexes, and Quality: Is there a Connection?
Authors: JANJETOVIĆ Zoran
Published: December 2020

Starting from the argument-based critique of one of the papers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, the article examines if there is a connection between quality of works, journals in which they are published, lists in which these journals feature and indices that list these articles, advertising authors who often do not deserve it. The paper deals with the untoward consequences of such a short-sighted practice and argues in favor of a constant revision of the lists and indices supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, thus increasing the relevance of the lists and indexes applied as yardsticks of academic achievement.
Establishment of Cooperation Between the SFRY and the COMECON in 1964
Authors: NINKOVIĆ Momir N.
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the motives for establishing cooperation between Yugoslavia and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON). The course of the negotiations is shown, as well as, the conclusion of the Agreement on Yugoslavia’s participation within the organs of the COMECON. The paper is based on unpublished documents from the archives of the Republic of Serbia and the Russian Federation, as well as other relevant literature
Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection CART
Authors: Haidar Ghady
Published: December 2020

Background: Patients with B-cell aplasia, such as recipients of CAR-T-cell therapy forhematological malignancies, may be at risk for protracted SARS-CoV-2 replication and chronicshedding of infectious virus.Methods: A man in his 70’s who had undergone CAR-T-cell therapy presented with COVID-19pneumonia and improved after receipt of convalescent plasma and remdesivir. He wasdischarged on room air but returned on day 41 after COVID-19 diagnosis with progressiveradiographic abnormalities and persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngealswabs. He died due to progressive respiratory failure on day 74 of illness. Plasma andendotracheal aspirate (ETA) samples were collected for viral quantification, viral titration andculture, and immunological assays.Findings: The patient had high-grade SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in plasma collected on days 4, 9,13, 16, and 71. RNAemia peaked at >105 copies/ml, declined after administration of remdesivirand convalescent plasma (104 copies/ml), but subsequently rebounded to >105 copies/ml beforedeath. On day 72, ETA showed 2.78x1010 copies/mL of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, high-titer infectiousvirus (1.125x106 plaque-forming units/mL) that was successfully cultured, and numerous virusparticles by electron microscopy. Serologic assays showed minimal to no antibody to SARSCoV-2, and B-cells were not detected by immunophenotyping or by single-cell RNAseq.Interpretation: This case provides new insights into the potential prolonged duration and extentof viral replication without appropriate humoral immune responses. This case also challengesthe belief that persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory secretions representsshedding of non-infectious RNA, which should prompt re-evaluation of infection preventionguidelines in immunosuppressed hosts.
Is social-ecological risk associated with individual HIV risk beliefs and behaviours?: An analysis of Kenyan adolescents' local communities and activity spaces
Authors: Schmidt Christina , Puffer Eve , Broverman Sherryl , Warren Virginia , Green Eric
Published: December 2020

The places where adolescents live, learn, and play are thought to influence behaviours and health, but we have limited tools for measuring environmental risk on a hyperlocal level. Working with 218 adolescents and their parents/guardians in rural western Kenya, we combined participatory mapping activities with satellite imagery to identify adolescent activity spaces and create a novel measure of social-ecological dangers. We then examined the associations between community risk and individual HIV risk beliefs and behaviours. We found support for the conjecture, derived from social-ecological models of HIV transmission, that community-level risks may be associated with individual beliefs and behaviours. As community risk increased for a sample of Kenyan adolescents, so did their reports of riskier sex beliefs and behaviours, as well as unsupervised outings at night. This study reinforces calls for disease prevention approaches that go beyond emphasizing individual behaviour change.
Strategi Aliansi di Negara Berkembang: Industri Peralatan Medis Indonesia
Authors: Pricilia Friska
Published: December 2020

Banyak perusahaan multinasional yang menjalin kerjasama dengan perusahaan di negara berkembang seiring dengan berjalannya globalisasi (Tian, et al., 2020). Indonesia merupakan negara yang mengalami peningkatan pesat dalam perekonomiannya sejak 20 tahun terakhir, hal ini didukung dengan adanya stabilitas makroekonomi dan pengelolaan kebijakan fiskal yang bijaksana (Indonesia Public Expenditure Review: Spending for Better Results, 2020). Dengan adanya kestabilan makroekonomi, perusahaan multinasional akan diuntungkan dalam hal pengambilan keuntungan (kestabilan makroekonomi dapat berdampak baik terhadap nilai tukar dan perdagangan internasional). Agar dapat masuk ke pasar negara berkembang, tentunya perusahaan multinasional harus memiliki strategi yang dapat diterapkan di negara tujuan.
From children’s literature to sustainability science, and young scientists for a more sustainable Earth
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: December 2020

This essay evolved from my keynote address for the plenary session of the ASEAN Conference for Young Scientists 2019 organized by the ASEAN Secretariat, Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology—whose main theme is sustainability science—organized at Hanoi-based Phenikaa University. It has also benefited from my advisory work for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Uniqbu Journal of Social Sciences (UJSS)
Authors: Bin-Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar
Published: December 2020

Uniqbu Journal of Social Sciences Desember 2020
Uniqbu Journal of Exact Sciences (UJES)
Authors: Bin-Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar
Published: December 2020

Uniqbu Journal of Exact Sciences, Desember 2020 Volume 1 No. 3
The etymology of Korean ssal `uncooked grain' and pap `cooked grain'
Authors: Joo Ian
Published: December 2020

In this paper, I will provide etymological explanations for the two Korean words for `grain' - ssal `uncooked grain' and pap `cooked grain'. The word ssal `uncooked grain' is a loanword from Middle Chinese bu-sat `Bodhisattva', linking the Buddhist holy figure to the type of food that has a sacred status in Korean culture. The support for this claim comes from the fact that (i) grains were sometimes associated with the Buddha's body in Korea, and (ii) certain dialects of Japanese have also referred to rice - undoubtedly the most favored type of grain - as bosatsu `Bodhisattva' or buppō-sama `Lord Buddha Dharma'. Moreover, pap `cooked grain' is most likely derived from the baby-talk term for `food', because cross-linguistically, baby-talk terms for `food' or `to eat' tend to be similar to /papa/ or /mama/, some of which shifted into the adult-talk term for food or a common type of food.
Bullying Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ufairah Nadya
Published: December 2020

Artikel ini saya buat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis saya. Sungguh, tidak sedikit diantara kita yang mereduksi arti menulis sekadar menorehkan pulpen pada kertas atau menekan tuts-tuts komputer sehingga tulisan muncul di layar monitor komputer. Tidak salah memang, tetapi menulis bukan hanya lakuan sedemikian [1]. Dalam kerangka Ersis Writing Theory (EWT), seseorang hanya bisa menuliskan apa yang ada di pikirannya atau apa yang telah ditulisnya di otak [2]. Tulisan atau cuitan orang tertentu di media sosial yang mengadu-domba atau memaki-maki. Kemampuan mengadudomba dan memaki-makinya semakin lama semakin bagus [3]. Pada zaman sekarang banyak sekali muncul kasus bullying atau merundung orang lain karena berbagai macam alasan. Tetapi, yang lebih banyak adalah karena merasa ingin dihormati atau orang yang terlalu gila hormat. Sebenarnya saling menghormati itu penting bagi sesama manusia, tetapi mungkin cara yang dilakukan salah dan ada beberapa alasan lainnya yang membuat seseorang membully orang lain. Bullying dapat terjadi di lingkungan sekolah, kerja, bahkan internet (Hamarus dan Kaikkonen, 2008; Einarsena, Hoelb, dan Notelaersa, 2009; Slonje dan Smith, 2008). Bullying yang terjadi di sekolah dapat terjadi antara kakak kelas-adik kelas, guru-murid, ataupun teman sebaya (Sejiwa, 2008; Hamarus dan Kaikkonen, 2008) [4]. Kata Kunci: bullying, usia dini, remaja, sosial media
Dynamic Alterations in Neural Networks Supporting Aversive Learning in Children Exposed to Trauma: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Psychopathology
Authors: DeCross Stephanie N. , Sambrook Kelly , Sheridan Margaret , Tottenham Nim , McLaughlin Katie A
Published: December 2020

Altered aversive learning represents a potential mechanism through which childhood trauma (CT) might influence risk for psychopathology. This study examines the temporal dynamics of neural activation and patterns of functional connectivity during aversive learning in children with and without exposure to CT involving interpersonal violence, and evaluates whether these neural patterns mediate the association of CT with psychopathology in a longitudinal design. 147 children (aged 8-16 years, 77 with CT) completed a fear conditioning procedure during an fMRI scan. Dynamic patterns of neural activation were examined, and functional connectivity was assessed with generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses. We evaluated whether the associations between CT and psychopathology symptoms at baseline and two-year follow-up were mediated by neural activation and connectivity during aversive learning. Children exposed to trauma displayed blunted patterns of neural activation over time to CS+>CS- in right amygdala. Additionally, trauma was associated with reduced functional connectivity of right amygdala with hippocampus, posterior parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex and elevated connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to CS+>CS-. The longitudinal association between CT and later externalizing symptoms was mediated by blunted activation in right amygdala. Reduced amygdala-hippocampal connectivity mediated the association of CT with transdiagnostic anxiety symptoms, and elevated amygdala-ACC connectivity mediated the association of CT with generalized anxiety symptoms. Childhood trauma is associated with poor threat-safety discrimination and altered functional coupling between salience and default mode network regions during aversive learning. These altered dynamics may be key mechanisms linking CT with distinct forms of psychopathology.
Age Affects White Matter Microstructure and Episodic Memory Across the Older Adult Lifespan
Authors: Merenstein Jenna , Corrada María M. , Kawas Claudia H. , Bennett Ilana J.
Published: December 2020

Diffusion imaging studies have observed age-related degradation of white matter that contributes to cognitive deficits separately in younger-old (ages 65-89) and oldest-old (ages 90+) adults. But it remains unclear whether these age effects are magnified in advanced age groups, which may reflect disease-related pathology. Here, we tested whether age-related differences in white matter microstructure followed linear or nonlinear patterns across the entire older adult lifespan (65-98 years), these patterns were influenced by oldest-old adults at increased risk of dementia (cognitive impairment no dementia, CIND), and they explained age effects on episodic memory. Results revealed nonlinear microstructure declines across fiber classes (medial temporal, callosal, association, projection/thalamic) that were largest for medial temporal fibers. These patterns remained after excluding oldest-old participants with CIND, indicating that aging of white matter microstructure cannot solely be explained by pathology associated with early cognitive impairment. Moreover, finding that the effect of age on episodic memory was mediated by medial temporal fiber microstructure suggests it is essential for facilitating memory-related neural signals across the older adult lifespan.
A Study on Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Students in China from Confucius Institute at the University of Khartoum
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

Since China and Sudan have different cultural backgrounds, international students from Sudan certainly will have trouble in learning. How can they improve their cross-cultural adaptation? By taking the international students in China from Confucius Institute at the University of Khartoum (CIUOFK), and by means of questionnaire survey and interviews, this paper finds that difficulties they have to face in cross-cultural adaptation include living environment, the weather, dietary habits and means of transportation. And then this paper has an in-depth exploration of reasons behind these difficulties from four aspects, i.e. living environment, academic environment, interpersonal communication and mental adaptation. In the end, the author suggests that the students should be eased at both universities and individual levels, and also puts forward some pertinent suggestions in terms of those common difficulties for the students.
Empowering Early Childhood Pre-Service Teachers with Tech Fluency
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

Many early childhood pre-service teachers will bring some experience with technology into college which may include word processing, gaming, and social media. Some will have a knowledge of block or html programming.Working adult students often bring less experience. Technology in a 21st century elementary classroom integrates technology tools intentionally and ethically. Teachers need to be able to adapt to new technologies and coding languages quickly. Teachers need to embrace the interdisciplinary nature of Science- Technology-Engineering-Mathematics (STEM). A complex myriad of tools and strategies exist. This can seem overwhelming and disconnected from the individual disciplinary goals in the classroom. Pre-service teacher preparation programs must empower pre-service teachers with technology fluency in order to respond to fluid and diverse challenges of the 21st century classroom. This exploratory research project synthesizes pedagogy, international technology standards, peer groups, technology trainings, student evaluations, growth mindset theory, and common readers to reform a small liberal arts college’s approach to early childhood pre-service teacher preparation. The curriculum revision was guided by these questions: 1) How do our pre-service teachers relate to the present and future worlds of themselves and of their students? 2) How can pre-services programs empower early childhood teachers with tech fluency? The exploration involved undergraduate pre-service teachers over a 6-year period. The research resulted in a five-phase approach to educational technology that consists of Play, Learn, Create, Plan, and Share. Pre-service teachers explore technology tools, learn how they work, create innovative robots and projects from the tools, plan curricula that integrate those tools, and develop agency through sharing their thinking, curricula, and projects with the broader educational community. This approach can offer innovative systemic changes in education technology pedagogy.
Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II) Bahasa Indonesia Version
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi , Saputri Wahyu Eka
Published: December 2020

Based on the perspective that motivation is an essential element for learning and academic achievement nor challenge that its components are not directly observable variables, we was empirically examined the instrument through rigorous survey data. The instrument used was Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II) that translated into Indonesian Language. The 4 expert judged my Indonesian translation version of SMQ-II and 206 students responded to this version. It assesses five motivation components: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, selfefficacy, career motivation, and grade motivation. The findings of this work show that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable and that the entire questionnaire can be completed in about 15 minutes. Through this work, we suggest my version of SMQ-II in Bahasa Indonesia can be used as an efficient instrument for assessing components of students’ motivation to learn science in Indonesia secondary school.
Awareness and Implementation Status of Tobacco Policy Provisions among Students of Public Schools in Budhanilkantha Municipality, Nepal
Authors: KC Bhakta , Oli Laxmi Kumari , Dahal Nawa
Published: December 2020

Background: The tobacco epidemic was responded globally with the enforcement of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), a first public health treaty, on 27 February 2005. As a party and signatory country to FCTC, Nepal ratified the tobacco product (control and regulation) act in 2011. After endorsement of the act and other related tobacco policy documents, it is necessary to measure awareness level and the implementation status among different stakeholders including adolescent students. This study aimed to assess the awareness and implementation status of tobacco policy provisions in the students of Budhanilkantha Municipality of Kathmandu district, Nepal.

Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 378 students were recruited from five schools of Budhanilkantha municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. The self-administered questionnaires were adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) tool of the World Health Organization and youth-tobacco survey tool of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect the data.

Results: The study showed that less than half of the participants (45.8%) knew that there is a tobacco product (control and regulatory) act in Nepal. Similarly, two-thirds (65.9%) of the participants responded that they were aware of the selling of tobacco products to a person below 18 years was legally prohibited in Nepal. In terms of tobacco laws enforcement, 66.2% of the participants were not prevented from buying tobacco products because of their age.

Conclusions: More than half of the students were found unaware of tobacco control policies of Nepal, despite the students are the key target stakeholders of tobacco control policies. Additionally, implementation of policy provisions related to protecting the students from tobacco in school or home is not effectively enforced although Nepal has comprehensive tobacco control policies.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in Patients Visiting Teaching Hospital of Jumla, Nepal
Authors: Pun Magar Bibek , Thapa Niresh , Rana Elisha , Joshi Keshav Raj , Tiwari Arjun Prasad
Published: December 2020

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a foremost global health problem. In the context of Nepal, the prevalence of HBV infection is found to be low, 0.9% (1.1% in males and 0.5% in females), though a high prevalence of ≥8% is shown among the population in the mountainous region by several studies. The epidemiology of HBV infection in the population of Jumla is not well-known. This study aimed to find out the seroprevalence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients visiting Karnali Academy of Health Sciences Teaching Hospital (KAHS-TH), Jumla, Nepal.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in people visiting KAHS-TH, Jumla for testing HBsAg from 1st April 2018 to 31st March 2019. The samples collected were tested for HBsAg by using the Rapid HBsAg test kit. All positive cases were further tested by the Chemiluminescence (CLIA) method for HBsAg. The data entry was done in Microsoft Excel. After transferring the data into SPSS version 16, data analysis was done.Results: In this study, 1704 individuals were screened during the period. Overall 53 (3.11%) were HBsAg positive. Among the total of 506 males and 1198 females, 22 (4.34%) males and 31 (2.58%) females were positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence (8.1%) was observed in the age group of 40– 45 years. But the prevalence rate is zero in 0-5 years age group and above 65 years of age.

Conclusion: The HBV infection was higher in Jumla as compared to that of the overall prevalence of Nepal. Males were highly infected than females and the middle age group was at the high-risk of HBV infection.
Perception of Nurses and Relatives on Family Needs of Critically Ill Patients: A Hospital Based Comparative Study
Authors: Pandey Sabita , Shrestha Roshanee , Paudel Narayani
Published: December 2020

Background: Critical ill patients are not able to decide about their treatment and their relatives usually asked for the treatment decisions on behalf of the patient. At the time of critical illness, all family members or relatives experience crises and may be exhausted. Recognizing and addressing the relative’s needs is a very important aspect of holistic health care to critically ill patients.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to make a comparison between the nurses’ and relatives’ perceptions regarding the needs of critically ill patients’ family members’ in the Nepalese context. A convenient sample of 50 nurses and 50 relatives who meet the inclusion criteria were selected and interviewed by using a structured questionnaire in the different intensive care units of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal during the period of January to April 2018. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in the statistical package for social sciences version 16.

Results: The majority, (86%) of the relatives ranked “to know specific facts concerning the patient’s progress and treatment” as the topmost very important need, and 80% of the nurses’ ranked this need as a very important need. The majority of nurses (86%) ranked “to receive explanations about the environment of critical care unit for the first time” as a topmost very important need, whereas, only 54% of the relatives had ranked this need as very important to them. There was a statically significant positive correlation among some need statements between the two groups.

Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the perception of some aspects of family needs by the nurses and relatives. Nurses’ mean score was lower than the relatives’ which can be a major source of disputes among nurses and relatives in the intensive care units.

Keywords: Intensive Care Unit, critically ill patient, family needs, nurses’ perception and relatives, perception
Accuracy of Ultrasound Scanning in Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis in Patients Admitted at Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center
Authors: Gurung Uma , Gurung Dhiraj
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency. Both abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography are common diagnostic tools in its diagnosis with each having its own advantages and disadvantages.

Methods: Patients of suspected acute appendicitis were evaluated with an ultrasound to see the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ultrasound for intraoperative appendicitis diagnosis. The study included 113 patients of suspected acute appendicitis presenting in the emergency during a one year duration. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was calculated from their respective formulae.

Results: The majority of the patients were male patients between the age group of 18 to 30. The sensitivity of ultrasound for diagnosis of acute appendicitis was 96% and specificity was 33%. The positive predictive value was 98% and the negative predictive value was 20%

Conclusion: Ultrasound has good sensitivity and the low cost along with no radiation exposure makes this an acceptable screening investigative modality though due to low specificity, it would be recommended to go for a computed tomography scan if ultrasound shows negative result for appendicitis.
COVID-19 Pandemic in Yemen
Authors: Mohammed Al-Subari Saleh Musaed , Saleem Mohammad , Khadka Sitaram , Ahmed Mahmood Nagd Mohammed , Ziad Alhouzani Talal M. , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur
Published: December 2020

COVID-19, a global pandemic, has threatened the whole world with its devastating nature. Though, initially it has affected the developed countries, the countries in low- and middle-income category also are not spared. Yemen is a country with low-income economy and has been in an ongoing civil war. The first case of COVID-19 was reported on 10th April 2020 and there have been a total of 1619 cases along with 447 total deaths as of 21st July 2020. The preventive measures such as lockdown, social distancing, and personal hygiene are practiced, however there is still lack of adequate resources for efficient healthcare facilities. No drugs and vaccines are approved to fully rely on for the treatment of COVID-19, therefore the concept of “do not take the virus and do not give the virus” with different approaches of preventive aspects through hand-washing, social distancing, wearing masks and gloves, and making people aware in mass utilizing audio-visual media are helpful. Aids from different agencies and collaborative efforts of all the stakeholders are in need for the containment of COVID-19 cases in Yemen. By strengthening and increasing healthcare set-ups and resources, preparation of management guidelines by the government and mobilizing such resources to different parts for awareness, adequate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, contact tracing, and safe quarantine and isolation services are essential.
Relationship between Trade Openness, Financial Development and Economic Growth of Nepal: Evidence from a Developing Country
Authors: G.C. Shreezal
Published: December 2020

Background: Capital investment, financial and technological developments are essential drivers for the economic growth of developing countries like Nepal. These factors, directly and indirectly, contribute to the growth of the country. Technological factors such as FDI and trade allow technology and knowledge transfers to Nepal along with foreign investments, goods and services. The financial sector encourages investors by providing loans that further generates investment in the country. Similarly, the development of human capital further increases labor productivity. Nepal, being a developing country, lacks advanced infrastructure and technology, that are vital for pushing the economic growth in the country.

Objective: This paper examined the effect of capital, labor, foreign direct investment, financial development and trade on the economic growth of Nepal using the endogenous growth model.

Methods: The study employedthe ARDLboundstesting approach to test the long-run relationships introducing an error correction model to estimate both short and long-term relationships among the variables.The TY non-granger causality test was used to ensure robustness and check the direction of causality.

Results: The results showed that gross fixed capital formation, population and financial development were significant and inducedpositive economic growth in the long run at a 1% level of significance whereas, the impact of FDI on economic growth was negative and significant at 1%.

Conclusions: The study concludes that an increase in gross fixed capital formation, population and broad money supply positively impacts the economic growth of Nepal. However, technological factors such as FDI and trade do not adequately explain the economic growth due to low FDI inflows, political instability, poor infrastructure and import dependency.

Implications: The study emphasized domestic investment and financial development of the country as they were found to be highly significant in the long run. Also, the human capital of the country should be developed by providing education and training as the population was found to be highly significant. The study also indicated that Nepal should push export as its share in the trade is very less. Moreover, policies such as legal reforms, incentives to foreign investors and infrastructural development to attract FDIs in Nepal should be formulated.