bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘To me, fair friend, you can never be old’, William Shakespeare, ‘Sonnet 104’: ECHR at 70 Rudolf Bernhardt Lecture, 202
Authors: Çalı Başak
Published: January 2022

This article undertakes a survey of the changes in the structure of the interpretive doctrines of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) over time in an exploration of the aging of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or the Convention) on its 70th anniversary. It argues that the Court’s interpretive doctrines that seek to give due deference to national rights traditions, canons and institutions have become increasingly pervasive in the Court’s procedural and substantive case law in the last two decades. This, in particular, has come at a loss for interpretative doctrines that interpret the Convention as a practical and effective living pan-European instrument. This argument is built in four parts. First it offers a defence of why a study of the interpretive doctrines of the Court over time is a good proxy for studying the ECHR’s ageing process. In the second part, it discusses the rich doctrinal forms of due deference and effective interpretation in the case law of the Court – both young and mature. Part three explains how the judicialisation and expansion of the European human rights system in late 1990 s transitioned to a more heightened and sophisticated focus on due deference doctrines in the Court’s case law. Finally, part four examines whether the recent judicial innovations under the Court’s Article 18 case law and the widely celebrated success of increased ownership of the Convention by domestic courts can act as counter points to the argument that the effective interpretation principle has suffered a loss as the Convention has aged, concluding that none of this may offset the fact that the Convention at 70 is more conservative in spirit than its younger self.
A New Frontier in International Investment Law: Adjudication of Host Citizen-Investor Disputes?
Authors: Jarrett Martin
Published: January 2022

This is the age of reform in the world of international investment law. Most particularly through the reform process at the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), states are seeking to remake the procedural infrastructure of international investment law for it to better respond to their interests. One new addition to the existing infrastructure that has been proposed is making investors accountable at the international level for their misconduct. Under this rubric, the idea of giving host citizens the possibility of claiming against investors in international adjudication has been mooted. Scholars have been quick to draw up proposals for the international adjudication of host citizen-investor disputes. This paper examines the legal challenges and practical difficulties with those proposals. On the back of that examination, it is concluded that the European Union-proposed Multilateral Investment Court could serve as a forum for the international adjudication of host citizen-investor disputes. But it would only play a supporting role in a bigger system of justice for host citizens. The main role would be played by a mandatory insurance scheme. This paper puts forward the first conception on how this scheme could work in tandem with the Multilateral Investment Court to deliver justice on a broad scale to host citizens.
A rapid survey of herpetofaunal diversity in Nijhum Dwip National Park, Bangladesh
Authors: Rabbe Md. Fazle , Mohammad Nur , Roy Dipongkor , Jaman M. Firoj , Naser M Niamul
Published: January 2022

The ecological effects of habitat use by herpetofaunal species vary widely and recognizing relative habitat value will help to improve conservation theory and practice in a particular landscape. To understand how different habitat uses influence diversity in riparian landscapes, we studied reptile and amphibian assemblages across major habitats (agricultural land, forest, human habitation, and waterbodies) in Nijhum Dwip National Park, Bangladesh. A total of 35 herpetofaunal species were found; among them, 17 were directly observed and 18 were reported from a questionnaire survey. Among the observed species, the Asian Common Toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus was the most commonly seen (relative abundance 0.32). We found that forest habitat contained a greater diversity of herpetofauna than other habitats followed by agricultural land, human habitation, and waterbodies. We also found 8 habitat specialist species and 9 generalist species in this study. Our results show that different habitats support different species assemblages in Nijhum Dwip National Park, signifying the importance of diversified habitats for the herpetofaunal population. Understanding this importance is crucial for identifying matrix environments that can complement the forest habitats of sensitive as well as specialist herpetofaunal species.
Genesis of Buddhism in Japan: The Age of Nara – The Tokugawa Period
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Rodicheva Irina , Novikova Olga ,   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

This article considers the genesis and development of Buddhism in Japan from the age of Nara to the Tokugawa period. Revealing the problems of the first six philosophical and religious schools of academic Buddhism, namely Kusha, Sanron, Jōjitsu, Hosso, Risshu and Kegon, the authors of the article sought to fully explore the basic foundations of the philosophy of each of them, delve into the linguistic nuances of Japanese and Sanskrit terms, touching on such aspects like dharma, dukha, anatmavada, shunyata or emptiness, the "two truths" of the Buddha's teachings, etc. The text focuses on the role of Buddhism in the Nara period, it explores the main purpose of monks and the system of "local" temples which was not only an intellectual support of that era, but also played the role of an important military force. Drawing an analogy with the philosophy of the Rinzai-shu and Soto-shu schools, the authors analyze the expansion of the line of succession in Zen by monitoring the formation of groups of thinkers, their development and emergence of cultural capital through long-term discussions and continuous reflection over several generations. The work pays special attention to significant figures in Japanese Buddhism, it outlines the role of philosophical creativity, examines the social and religious transformations that occur over different eras and periods. The question of redistribution of power and basic economic resources, suppression of Buddhism, emergence of anti-Buddhist positions and formation of new doctrines are touched upon. As a result of the study, the genesis of Buddhism was described through the prism of Japanese culture, the trajectory of its development from inception to transformation processes in new trends as well as social phenomena that sometimes gave rise to a creative or destructive tendency and influenced the course of history. The authors note that Japanese society that tends to a greater extent towards abstraction and aesthetic pleasure managed to assimilate to the new realities of life and new teachings with pinpoint accuracy, transforming Buddhism into its culture and polishing and refining it in the Japanese style.
Communicating COVID-19 on Social Media: The Effects of the Spiral of Silence
Authors: Atanesyan Arthur , Hakobyan Anahit , Reynolds Bradley
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the Spiral of Silence theory (SOS) in the study of mass communications is applied to examine the trends and mechanisms of public opinion in Social Media (SM), using the popular topic of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study includes a secondary analysis of the data on pandemic information consumption obtained through four mass surveys conducted in Armenia. In the period from July 1 to August 30, 2020, we also surveyed Armenian Facebook users by means of Google forms during the highest outbreak of the pandemic in Armenia. In particular, the study demonstrates that although the majority of people are well informed about both public conduct requirements and the sanctions for misconduct during the pandemic, they do not follow the rules but hide their real opinion, preferring to openly agree with the official position while silently breaking the rules (that is, they keep their silence). We have found a correlation between the opinion environment of “friends” and other Facebook users, and a willingness to express their own opinion. Due to the predominance of the self-presentation mode as a communication strategy on Facebook, there is a trend among Armenian users not to risk their reputation, and avoid possible critics by keeping silence, if the discussion goes against their opinion. The findings of the study might be helpful both for the further development of communication theories and its application to the conditions of new pandemic reality, and for a better understanding of communicative behavior mechanisms in SM.
Ecofeminism from a Māori Perspective
Authors: Della Valle Paola
Published: January 2022

The mana wāhine movement can be seen as a Māori version of ecofeminism. This definition, however, limits its valence and profound meaning, which can be understood only in the light of a different cultural paradigm. The poetry collection Tātai Whetū, in Māori and English, translated into Italian in the volume Matariki, sciame di stelle, exemplifies writing in the tradition of mana wāhine, that is, a literary genre that inflects political activism, environmentalism, feminism and a deep bond with Māori cultural roots
The 'Cockroach' Waste and Wasted Life in World Literatures in English
Authors: Concilio Carmen
Published: January 2022

In this essay I intend to pursue a comparative reading of three postcolonial texts – in their intertextual and counter-canonical relationship with Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis (1915) – that deal with the ethics, but also the aesthetics, of the relationship between humans and animals. By doing so, and with the help of the Kafkian critical apparatuses, particularly Deleuze and Guattari’s critical contribution (1986), which will be the core of this study, I will also examine the nexus between literature and the environment, with particular emphasis on waste, also taking into consideration the paradigms of necropolitics (Mbembe 2003) and of écart (Jullien 2012). Kafka’s Curse (1997), by South African writer Achmat Dangor, Cockroach (2008) by Canadian-Lebanese Rawi Hage, and Blackass (2015) by Nigerian Igoni Barrett will be here analysed and scrutinised.
tercera andanada de estudios sobre Literatura popular impresa:
Authors: Puerto Moro Laura
Published: January 2022

Presentación del volumen extraordinario n.º 4 del BLO: Literatura popular impresa en la Península Ibérica durante los Siglos de Oro: transmisión, textos, prácticas y representaciones
Seguridad alimentaria familiar y objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Diálogos desde la educación ambiental en la comunidad El Resplandor (Santiago de Cuba, Cuba)
Authors: Domínguez Ruiz Yinet , Villarreal Gómez Alejandro , Jurado José Manuel
Published: January 2022

La educación ambiental es un proceso que posibilita alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible. Esta sostenibilidad se relaciona con aspectos de la sociedad como la economía, los cambios climáticos y la seguridad alimentaria a escala mundial. Al respecto, la Agenda 2030 vislumbra la necesidad de poner fin al hambre, lograr la seguridad alimentaria y promover la agricultura sostenible.
Por consiguiente, dicha educación debe vincularse a las políticas públicas ambientales y las medidas de protección de los recursos naturales, permitiendo mayor acceso a los alimentos por individuos y familias. En este propósito, el objetivo de esta aportación es valorar la confluencia entre seguridad alimentaria familiar (SAF) y desarrollo sostenible desde el marco analítico de la educación ambiental. Para ello, se parte del diagnóstico comunitario realizado en la comunidad El Resplandor en la provincia Santiago de Cuba (Cuba).
Se emplearon las técnicas del cuestionario, entrevista y observación científica conforme a la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa. Como resultado, se identificó la existencia de situaciones de vulnerabilidad social, ambiental y alimentaria a nivel familiar y comunitario, como también la falta de periodicidad en las acciones de educación ambiental. Se concluye que, es pertinente la vinculación de la educación ambiental y la SAF en los contextos actuales, así como su aplicación a escalas locales.
A Motivação de Serviço Público e a satisfação no trabalho: Pesquisa em uma Universidade Federal ## Public Service Motivation and job satisfaction: Research at the Federal University
Authors: Carvalho Kelle Dos Santos , La Falce Jefferson Lopes , Guimarães Ludmila De Vasconcelos Machado
Published: January 2022

Desde o advento da Emenda Constitucional 19 tem-se implantado no país uma Administração Pública Gerencial, sendo que esta demanda por pessoal qualificado e com altos níveis de desempenho.  Entender a motivação de servidores bem como níveis de satisfação pode ajudar os gestores na melhoria de desempenho. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os níveis de Motivação de Serviço Público e a satisfação no trabalho em servidores públicos, tendo como grupo alvo os servidores ativos de uma Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa utilizando os modelos satisfação no trabalho (Siqueira, 2008) e a Motivação de Serviço Público (Perry & Wise, 1990). Os resultados apontam níveis medianos de motivação e satisfação no trabalho o que pode indicar uma necessidade de revisão das políticas de RH da instituição. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre docentes e técnicos da organização em relação a motivação e satisfação. A análise das dimensões mostrou-se favorável a um diagnóstico mais detalhado dos dois construtos visto que os estudos internacionais aqui utilizados falharam nesse ponto, não mostrando um panorama completo de cada uma das dimensões, sendo essa uma contribuição deste estudo. Ao identificar níveis de motivação e satisfação diferentes, estes resultados podem auxiliar numa melhoria das funções gerenciais e administrativas da instituição, e possivelmente replicadas em instituições federais de ensino superior. Visto que a organização pode implementar políticas de RH, da base para o topo da organização, diferenciadas para cada categoria profissional e com maior possibilidade de assertividade.ABSTRACTSince the advent of Constitutional Amendment 19, a Public Management Administration has been implemented in the country, with this demand for qualified personnel with high levels of performance. Understanding the motivation of employees as well as satisfaction levels can help managers improve performance.
FORMATION AND CORRECTION OF STEREOTYPES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AS A PHENOMENON OF COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Hrechanyk N. Yu. , Shurpa S. YA. ,   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Kozyn P.V. ,   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University
Published: January 2022

In an era of globalization, rapid development of technology, science, economics and education, people are striving to improve the quality of their lives. This is primarily reflected in their way and style of consumption - consumer behavior. Many factors, characteristics and characteristics affect an individual in how he/she behaves in the selection process, consumption habits, shopping behavior, brands he prefers, and places of sale he visits. The consumer is guided by culture, subculture, belonging to a certain social class, social status, membership in certain groups and collectives, the interests of his family, his personality, psychological factors and more. Consumer decisions are the result of each of these factors, which are divided into economic, social, cultural, personal and psychological. Stereotypes as cultural phenomena and stereotyping as an individual mental process are widely discussed among social psychologists. In recent years, stereotypes and their influence are of great interest to marketers as well, because they have a strong influence on consumer behavior. The article presents the process of formation of consumer stereotypes, which is defined as the formation of generalizations about consumer goods, and the impact of stereotypes on consumer behavior is tangible and diverse. The article states the impact of stereotypes on a particular product within the target group of consumers, whether these stereotypes can be corrected with the help of marketing tools and how long this process can be.
Research on the Innovation of Supply Chain Management Mode of Cross-Border B2B Foreign Trade Export Enterprises in the Context of Big Data
Authors: Dr. Nolan Guillao ChuJia Liu,
Published: January 2022

With the continuous advancement of global economic integration, the influence of big data on cross-border B2B foreign trade export companies is increasing. Every cross-border B2B foreign trade export company needs to deal with increasingly fierce market competition, and cross-border B2B foreign trade export companies want to gain a competitive advantage, which it is necessary to actively introduce big data technology to innovate the management model of cross-border B2B foreign trade export enterprises. The managers of cross-border B2B foreign trade export enterprises must innovate decision-making concepts in a timely manner, collect and analyze big data, and make them a foreign trade enterprise. Meanwhile we need to pay attention to the introduction of high-quality professional data talents. This article first puts forward the concept and main characteristics of big data, which clarifies the various problems faced by foreign trade export enterprises since entering the era of big data. With the help of supply chain management mode, we need to innovates the management mode of cross-border B2B foreign trade export enterprises and actively applies big data technology and supply Chain management which promotes the healthy development strategy of foreign trade export enterprises and improves the core competitiveness of foreign trade export enterprises.
Some Procedural Aspects of Deprivation of Immunity from Criminal Prosecution
Authors: Stelmakh V. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The paper examines certain aspects of deprivation of immunity from criminal prosecution. Considering the procedures for bringing to criminal responsibility persons in respect of whom a special procedure for criminal proceedings has been established by law, the author concludes that the initiation of a criminal case by the head of a higher investigative body does not constitute a deprivation of immunity. In this regard, it is proposed to abandon this procedure and initiate a criminal case in the usual manner, namely by the preliminary investigation body, which has jurisdiction over the case. Analyzing the circle of participants in the procedure for the deprivation of immunity, the author argues that the subjects appealing to the highest bodies of state power (and such bodies themselves) rendering the decision on the deprivation of immunity are not ordinary participants in criminal proceedings. They rather carry out constitutional and legal activities, the results and decisions of which are implemented in the criminal procedure. Exploring the grounds for giving consent to bring a person to criminal liability, the author draws attention to the different approach of the legislator to different categories of persons and proposes to unify the regulatory framework. The public authority must establish two circumstances: the presence of elements of a crime and the absence of a connection between the criminal prosecution and the person’s public law activities.
Extremist Crimes Committed Using the Sphere of Telecommunications and Computer Information
Authors: Glazkova L. V.
Published: January 2022

To successfully counter extremist and terrorist crime in the virtual space, it is important to implement measures for improving legislation (clarification of extremism features, the introduction of a list of extremist crimes into the law, etc.), as well as measures to improve the training of law enforcement officials, wider involvement of specialists and experts in the investigation of cases, establishing cooperation with providers in order to timely identify extremist and terrorist crimes, a deeper study of the personality of criminals who specialize in committing extremist crimes using the field of telecommunications and computer information. The use of telecommunications and computer information in the commission of extremist crimes indicates a high intellectual level of the criminal, which helps him not only to commit high-tech crimes, but also to hinder the investigation of his actions using the same knowledge and experience. In this regard, the social danger of both the criminal and the offence committed by him increases, which should be taken into account when solving and investigating crimes. In addition, the professionalism of criminals makes increased demands on law enforcement officers investigating crimes of this type, which means that it is necessary to constantly improve their training in the field of computer information and telecommunication technologies. The paper discusses some issues of classification of extremism using computer and telecommunication networks, gives a definition of extremism, and suggests ways to solve problems in the qualification and organization of the investigation of the crimes in question.
Characteristic Features of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Alekseenko A. P.
Published: January 2022

One of the most important events in the history of modern Chinese law was the adoption of the first Civil Code by the National People’s Congress in 2020 and its entry into force in 2021. The work on the code has been going on for a considerable amount of time; its appearance was preceded by several unsuccessful attempts at codification. The paper argues that the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is based on the provisions of the continental, general, socialist and traditional Chinese law. Using the method of comparative legal analysis, the features of the structure and content of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China were revealed. In particular, a number of provisions related to the digitalization of the economy are highlighted, which can be recommended to be used by the domestic legislator to improve the legislation of Russia. It is argued that although structurally the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has original features, it is grounded on the German Civil Code. It is concluded that the section of the code devoted to the property law to the greatest extent reflects the state system existing in the People’s Republic of China. It has also been proven that a number of norms on legal entities and on organizations that do not have the status of a legal entity are formulated based on the traditions of Chinese society.
Clinical and expert assessment of hospitalized patients with cerebrovascular pathology (based on materials from the neurological department of Yoshkar-Ola)
Authors: Mishakov A. G. , Ismagilov M. F. , Galiullin A. N.
Published: January 2022

To study the clinical course, outcomes and expert assessment, the case histories of 1028 patients were analyzed: women - 529 (51.24%), men - 499 (48.5%) with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), treated in the neurological department of the municipal hospital in Moscow. Yoshkar-Ola for 1999-2000 The age of the patients varied from 20 to 70 years and more (average age - 61.5 years). The overwhelming majority (74.8%) were aged 40 to 69 years, among them 38.5% of patients were from 60 to 69 years old.
Phenomenon of Megaprojects in Multi-Contour Economy Model
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Balatsky Evgeny V. , Ekimova Natalia A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

The article considers the phenomenon of megaprojects as a type of regional development institutions. It shows that megaprojects complement existing regional development corporations and regional investment forums in Russia and other countries. It is demonstrated that megaprojects are a highly controversial phenomenon, characterised not only by huge amounts of investment but also by severe violations of the planned values of time, financial costs, technical and economic results after the commissioning of the facility. In addition, the current environmental damage from megaprojects is both positive and negative, which makes it impossible to account for its impact in the overall scheme of analysis. The article concludes that megaprojects are informationally closed; therefore, it is almost impossible to collect comprehensive information on them. According to the authors, this is due to the desire of megaproject investors to become "invisible" to statistical and supervisory authorities. Otherwise, many projects may become less attractive with the ensuing risks of conservation of regions in a state of low economic activity. Approaches to assess the target efficiency of megaprojects, as well as their indirect economic efficiency, which is based on the use of the investment multiplier methodology, are proposed. Promising directions for further research on megaprojects are outlined.
Catch-Up Development VS. Forward-Looking Development: from Theoretical Models to Developmental State Practices
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Levin Sergey N. , Sablin Kirill S. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: January 2022

The presented article was carried out within the framework of scientific project dedicated to Russia's participation in the export and import of institutions. The solid question arose that the conditions and specificity of Russia's place in these processes are related to its position in the global world economy. These problems are considered within the framework of competing concepts of catch-up and forward-looking development in the economic literature. Comparative characteristics of methodological foundations, provisions and normative recommendations of these concepts are highlighted in the article. The analysis shows that there is no ground to justify the absolutization of their differences. Representatives of competing approaches came to the conclusion that it was necessary to search for the optimal configuration of imported and genuine institutions at the level of specific problems of development of countries that were largely on the periphery of the modern global economy. This configuration provides productive orientation of economic actors and creation of favorable conditions for the development of Schumpeterian type innovations. The solution of these tasks is linked with the formation and activities of developmental state. The functions of such a state are fundamentally different from compensating market failures that is characteristic of developed market economy. Such a state acts as a subject that forms the basic institutions of the economic system. Fundamental importance is its ability to ensure the combination of selective imports of institutions with the modification of genuine institutions that have historical and cultural specificity. Characteristics of the reasons and conditions for the successful solution of these tasks by countries such as Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, are highlighted in the article. The success stories are compared to the experience of partial failure of developmental state in Brazil. The fulfilled study is of interest not only for positive analysis, but also for the elaboration of normative recommendations for the formation of optimal configuration of imported and genuine institutions in contemporary Russia.
Geometría fractal del cuidado: potencialidades de las tecnologías para unas políticas del cuidado de calidad en el ámbito domiciliario
Authors: Martín Palomo María Teresa , Gómez Bueno Carmuca
Published: January 2022

El cuidado es una necesidad universal, dada la vulnerabilidad humana constitutiva, y a la vez, particular, situada y encarnada. Las políticas de cuidado tienden a ser fijas; sin embargo, las necesidades cambian de manera pausada o abruptamente, pero son inestables. Incluso los diseños de atención personalizada son demasiado rígidos para quienes reciben cuidados en sus hogares, para sus familiares y para quienes les prestan cuidado a través del Servicio de Ayuda a Domicilio. No obstante, la tecnología podría jugar un importante papel para flexibilizar el modo en que una política se concreta en unas prácticas cotidianas, pues el cuidado se caracteriza por ser relacional. Por tanto, siguiendo la propuesta de Mandelbrot se trataría de identificar patrones que puedan captar la complejidad del cuidado, y ver de qué modo dichos patrones tendrían a escala micro una concreción.
Identidad y sentidos subjetivos sobre la prostitución en mujeres venezolanas que la ejercen
Authors: Suárez Alvarez Freddy Rafael
Published: January 2022

La prostitución se caracteriza por la exclusión, marginación, prejuicios y estigmatización hacia estas personas. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer la identidad y el sentido subjetivo sobre la prostitución en las mujeres que lo ejercen. El diseño es cualitativo, paradigma interpretativo y método fenomenológico. Se realizó entrevistas a 4 mujeres que se dedican a la prostitución y se eligieron intencionalmente. Existe una ambivalencia en la identidad y el sentido subjetivo sobre la prostitución, ya que se encuentran atrapadas entre el dilema de la construcción propia sobre sí mismas y la construcción familiar, social, cultural e histórica con que se define el modelo de mujer y el mundo de la prostitución. La interrelación de todas estas estructuras viene a formar una identidad y sentido subjetivo de la prostitución confusa, ya que responden a un sistema de pensamiento patriarcal que va en discordancia con el ideal de mujer y de madre.
Cantas pezas ten o crebacabezas? A corresponsabilidade no persoal docente e investigador da Universidade de Vigo
Authors: Vázquez Silva Iria
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo presentarei unha análise da corresponsabilidade entre a vida persoal, familiar e laboral do Persoal docente e investigador que traballa na Universidade de Vigo. A partir da explotación de 29 entrevistas en profundidade examinarei as necesidades e demandas detectadas no PDI no ámbito da corresponsabilidade, analizando o seu impacto na traxectoria profesional. O asentamento da precariedade laboral na universidade, as xornadas vespertinas, a falla de transparencia na asignación de materias e horarios e a penalización da maternidade na carreira profesional son, a día de hoxe, algunhas das barreiras máis relevantes para acadar maiores cotas de corresponsabilidade e igualdade na Universidade de Vigo. Ademais, os recentes indicadores da nova realidade poscovid-19 indican un afondamento aínda maior nestas desigualdades de xénero.
Сurrent options and perspectives of systemic therapy for advanced or metastatic adrenocortical cancer
Authors: Zhulikov Ya.  A. , Kovalenko E.  I. , Bokhian V.  Yu. , Artamonova E.  V.
Published: January 2022

Adrenocortical cancer is an orphan tumor with poor prognosis. The combination of EDP chemotherapy regimen and mitotane is the standard for the first‑line therapy. But there are no effective options for the second and consequent lines of therapy. The standard of second‑line therapy is the combination of gemcitabine, capecitabine and mitotane, which provides an objective response in 4–7 % of patients. Achievement of the therapeutic concentration of mitotane is the most important predictive factor of efficiency of GemCap + mitotane regimen, and, therefore, it is recommended to continue mitotane therapy after progression to mitotane. Recently, many researches regarding the efficiency of targeted and immunotherapy of adrenocortical cancer have been published. However, there are no standards for the third and subsequent lines of treatment. This review outlines the current views and perspectives of systemic therapy for advanced and metastatic adrenocortical cancer.
Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: prospects for drug therapy with lenvatinib
Authors: Breder V.  V. , Abdurakhmanov D.  T. , Petkau V.  V. , Balakhnin P.  V. , Volkonsky M.  V. , Grechukhina K.  S. , Zafirova M.  A. , Mikerov I.  A. , Pokataev I.  A. , Khasanova A.  I.
Published: January 2022

There is a number of unresolved issues regarding the systemic therapy administration for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their solution is facilitated by accumulating real‑world study results. Lenvatinib therapy is a recognized drug with a good efficacy and safety profile for the treatment of HCC. Subanalyses of the REFLECT study showed that the absence of stratification by baseline AFP and baseline liver function, as well as the lack of options for subsequent drug therapy after lenvatinib, also affects the outcomes. Once these factors are taken into account, the hypothesis of superiority of lenvatinib to sorafenib and other drugs can be tested. Real‑world clinical studies have demonstrated positive results of lenvatinib therapy in patients with Child‑Pugh class B liver function, provided recommendations on the sequence of systemic therapy after lenvatinib and on the use of lenvatinib in patients with BCLC stage B, along with considering the possibility of lenvatinib monotherapy and the prospects for its use in patients with nHCC. Further real‑world studies of lenvatinib for HCC in the Russian population are required.
Resection of metastases in patients with BRAF mutated metastatic colon cancer: results of a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Fedyanin M.  Yu. , Elsnukaeva H. H.‑M. , Demidova I.  A. , Stroyakovskii D.  L. , Shelygin Yu.  A. , Tsukanov A.  S. , Sergeev Yu.  S. , Ponomarenko A.  A. , Panina M.  V. , Shubin V.  P. , Moiseenko F.  V. , Karpenko E.  Yu. , Bolotina L.  V. , Kudriavtseva A.  V. , Filipenko M.  L. , Voskoboev M.  E. , Oskorbin I.  P. , Vladimirova L.  Yu. , Kit O.  I. , Stroganova A.  M. , Dranko S.  L. , Senderovich A.  I. , Tryakin A.  A. , Tjulandin S.  A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: local treatment of metastases is an integral part of colon cancer treatment. However, there is not enough data on the efficacy of surgical resection of metastases in patients with a BRAF gene mutation to recom‑mend this approach in routine practice. We initiated a retrospective multicenter study to assess the incidence of BRAF gene mutations in patients with metastatic colon cancer and to study the efficacy of metastasectomy in this group of patients.

Materials and methods: we selected all patients who underwent surgical resection of metastases in various sites from the database of patients with BRAF gene mutations created as a result of a multicenter retrospective study with participation of 7 clinics in the Russian Federation. All 57 patients with RAS gene mutations and 43 patients with wild‑type RAS and BRAF genes who also underwent surgical resection of metastases at any stage of treatment were selected from the register of the Chemotherapy Department No. 2 of the NMRC of Oncology named after N. N. Blokhin for comparative analysis. Disease‑free survival and overall survival were used as primary efficacy criteria.

Results: we found 26 patients with BRAF gene mutations who underwent surgical resection of metastases. When comparing disease‑free survival, the worst median was achieved in the group of patients with BRAF gene mutations: 7 months versus 14 months in patients with RAS gene mutations (HR 0.4, 94 % CI 0.23–0.7, P = 0.006); median disease‑free survival was not achieved in the wild‑type RAS and BRAF group (HR 0.2, 95 % CI 0.11–0.45, P <0.001).

The median overall survival in the BRAF gene mutation group was 26 months versus 38 months in the RAS gene mutations group (HR 0.8, 95 % CI 0.33–1.98, P = 0.6) and 49 months in the wtRAS/wtBRAF group (RR 0.46, 95 % CI 0.17–1.24, P = 0.1). Resection of recurrent tumors in patients with metastases in retroperitoneal lymph nodes was associated with extremely low disease‑free survival (2 months); at the same time, disease‑free survival was 7 months after resection of isolated metastases in the liver and 8 months for metastases in the peritoneum.

Conclusion: prognosis of patients with a BRAF gene mutation after surgical resection of metastases is worse than in patients with a different mutation phenotype. Nevertheless, literature data, as well as the results of our study, confirm the possibility of performing metastasectomy with careful selection of patients.
Imagem infravermelha no diagnóstico das doenças dos pés
Authors: Guimarães Claudia Maria Duarte de Sá , Brioschi Marcos Leal , Neves Eduardo Borba , Balbinot Luciane Fachin , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a técnica de registro de imagens infravermelhas dos pés como método de avaliação neurovascular para identificar comorbidades usando um método não invasivo. Método: Durante o período de março de 2015 e fevereiro de 2017, foram avaliados 22 pacientes portadores de onicomicose crônica. O registro das imagens infravermelhas foi efetuado com câmera térmica Flir® modelo T420bx, FOL 18mm, resolução IR320 x 240, sob condições de controle de circulação de ar (< 0,2ms), temperatura ambiente de 23°C. Resultados: Foram identificadas 6 áreas de interesse de acordo com o território neurovascular de uma determinada região dos membros chamado de angiossoma, que foram estudadas com a comparação das áreas impares nas plantas do pé esquerdo e pares nas plantas no pé direito. Embora a amostragem seja pequena, observou-se estatisticamente uma tendência à onicomicose subungueal distal lateral (OSDL) nos diabéticos em relação à onicomicose distrófica total (ODT). Conclusões: O exame por imagem infravermelha pode avaliar precocemente alterações vasculares, ortopédicas e neurológicas e servir de ferramenta para rastrear comorbidades sistêmicas ou locoregionais dos membros inferiores.
Estudo da Úlcera de Pressão por meio de Termografia em Paciente Acamado com Esclerose Múltipla
Authors: De Souza Gladis Aparecida Galindo Reisemberger , Okimoto Maria Lucia Leite Ribeiro , Paredes Ramón Sigifredo Cortés , Pacheco Maria Cristina , Silva Luis Henrique Stocco da , Dalmaso Neto Carlos
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho, ocupa-se de uma análise por Termografia, para verificação dos pontos de pressão de paciente que se encontra acamado e praticamente sem movimentos, tais pontos de contato, futuramente, podem transformar-se em escaras. O objetivo deste estudo é a observação de pontos quentes (hotspots) em paciente com esclerose múltipla, por meio de imagens termográficas (termogramas), que, com as análises medindo calor, relatam a preexistência de inflamação. Pela investigação precoce do paciente acamado é possível identificar, evitando em tempo, o aparecimento de úlceras de pressão, também chamadas de escaras. Como metodologia foi realizada uma análise para verificação de pontos de pressão por Termografia e um questionamento junto ao paciente e seu cuidador, sobre seus pontos de maior incômodo. Para aquisição das imagens infravermelhas, foi utilizada uma câmera com Sensor ThermaCAM T400 (FLIR Systems Inc., North Billerica, Suécia). Os resultados do estudo Termográfico, na correlação entre temperatura cutânea e pontos de pressão, demonstram a sensibilidade da área afetada, sendo possível intervir para que posteriormente o paciente não sofra com as escaras, o que é bastante complicado para o indivíduo. É possível verificar que nos locais do corpo onde o paciente reclama de dores intensas, a demonstração da sensibilidade, que é aferida nas imagens por infravermelho, revela que tais pontos devem ser observados com cautela.
Termografia não previne câncer e nem substitui mamografia!
Authors: Brioschi Marcos Leal , Dalmaso Neto Carlos
Published: January 2022

A prática de diagnóstico médico fora deste contexto é caracterizada juridicamente por exercício ilegal da Medicina. Diversos outros proﬁ ssionais que não são médicos, i.e., sem graduação em Medicina, podem ser denunciados quando da execução de atos que são privativos dos médicos, procedimentos diagnósticos restritos ao exercício da Medicina, isto é, de responsabilidade médica (p.ex. diagnóstico de câncer, lesão etc) (falsos médicos, código penal pena de 2 anos).
Estudo da Viabilidade de Uso da Areia do Horto de Juazeiro do Norte – CE em Obras de Pavimentação
Authors: Silva Mateus Evangelista da , Costa Sávilla Vieira , Souza Neto João Barbosa de , Bandeira Ana Patrícia Nunes , Santos Vinícius de Sousa
Published: January 2022

As diferentes camadas que compõem a estrutura de um pavimento exigem características capazes de atender aos esforços solicitantes oriundos do tráfego de veículos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar resultados de ensaios de caracterização física e mecânica de uma areia proveniente do Município de Juazeiro do Norte / CE, obtidos por meio de: ensaios de análise granulométrica (antes e após a compactação), compactação, CBR e cisalhamento direto. A comparação entre as curvas granulométricas do material natural e após a compactação indicou quebra de grãos no processo. As amostras submetidas ao ensaio de cisalhamento direto apresentaram maiores picos de tensões cisalhantes quando compactadas com energia modificada, comparando-se aos resultados obtidos para a energia intermediária, como era de se esperar. As amostras da Areia apresentaram valores de CBR de 36,1% e 49,9%, quando compactadas nas energias Proctor Intermediária e Modificada respectivamente, sem expansão. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a Areia do Horto ensaiada poderá ser empregada como sub-base de pavimentos, quando compactada na energia intermediária ou modificada; e sua utilização como base fica condicionada ao estudo do seu comportamento quando submetido a processos de estabilização e tráfego leve.
MOVI-da 10! An Active Breaks Programme to Improve Health and Cognitive Performance in Preschool Education
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Sánchez López Mairena , Ruiz Hermosa Abel , Martínez Vizcaíno Vicente , Redondo Tébar Andrés
Published: January 2022

The first part of this book describes the background and the current state of the art through a summary about: obesity and sedentary lifestyles as one of today’s main public health problems; the relationship between PA, obesity and academic and cognitive performance; and the most recent findings on PA in the classroom, as a tool to improve health and cognitive performance in early childhood. The first part also details the aims and methodology used in the MOVI-da 10! study. The second part specifies the characteristics of the MOVI-da 10! programme, and provides copiable session plans of the 100 activities used in the programme, which can be of use for any professional interested in implementing PA interventions based on active breaks in the classroom.
Econometric Analysis of Dutch Disease Implication of China-Africa Trade
Authors: Oloko Tirimisiyu F , Ogunsiji Muritala O , Adeleke Musefiu A
Published: January 2022

This study revisits the analysis of the Dutch disease implication of China-Africa trade for Africa’s non-mineral resources sectors; specifically, manufacturing and agricultural sectors, while focusing on the trade relationship between China and 27 African countries for the period of 19years, 2001 to 2019. This prompted an econometric analysis with the use of two-step dynamic (difference and system) panel Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) models, which was also complemented with dynamic least squares panel econometric regression. The preliminary analysis revealed that Ethiopia is the largest African trading partner with China, with an average of about 21percent China-Ethiopia trade ratio, while Botswana has the least trade relation with China, with 1.5percent Botswana-China trade ratio. The result of our econometric analyses suggests that higher China-Africa trade has the potential to reduce Africa’s manufacturing value-added. In other words, China-Africa trade is not causing Dutch disease in Africa but has the potential to cause Dutch disease in the future. Furthermore, the result suggests that higher China-Africa trade has the potential to increase Africa’s agricultural sector productivity. This implies that China-Africa trade has no tendency of causing Dutch disease in the agricultural sector. Our results are robust to different data structures for the dynamic GMM model.
Inflationary Rate in Nigeria: Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows
Authors: Olabisi Olabode Eric
Published: January 2022

As the prices of daily needs are aggravating in Nigeria, the value of the country’s currency (naira) is less appreciated on a daily basis, and this pose a threat to a good standard of living in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of foreign capital inflows on the persistent increase in inflation in Nigeria over the period of 1985 to 2019. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags was used to obtain the parameter estimates of the long run relationship between foreign capital inflows and inflation. By using the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition techniques, the cause-effect analysis of foreign capital inflows and inflation was determined. Results provide evidence of a long run relationship between the series. Results further indicate that inflation is sensitive to foreign capital inflows variables such as net official development assistance received and remittance inflows in Nigeria. Policies that reduce the negative impact on inflation are recommended in the body of the paper.
The Prevalence and Pattern of Traditional Herbal Medicine Use during Pregnancy, Labour, and Postpartum: Implications for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in South Africa
Authors: Madiba Sphiwe , Ledwaba Irene
Published: January 2022

The use of traditional herbal medicines (THM) is widespread among pregnant women in many African societies. Cultural beliefs and social norms largely influence the use of THM. However, its use during pregnancy is not freely discussed during antenatal care and the extent of its use remains unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of THM use during pregnancy, labour, and post-delivery. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional design using a researcher administered questionnaire. Postnatal women enrolled in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) were recruited from healthcare facilities in a rural South African sub-district. Summary and inferential statistics were computed using STATA 14.0 statistical package. The sample consisted of 399 women with mean age of 28 years. A high proportion (158/42.5) were receiving antiretroviral treatment. The prevalence of THM use was 23% and 76/87.4% took THM in the second trimester of pregnancy, 50/57.5% used THM throughout pregnancy, and 27/60% ingested THM when labour started. The majority (50/58.1%) used one type of THM and 35/41.5% used up to four types. The prevalence of THM use on babies was 44%, 82/54.2% were introduced to THM before three months, and 22/14.2% within their first week of life. A third 52/32.3% of babies received more than one concoction of herbal medicines. The women took THM to protect mother and baby from evil spirits as well as to increase labour pains and shorten the duration of labour. The use of THM on the baby was despite the women being enrolled in the PMTCT program which advocates exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first six months. Mixed feeding practices including the use of THM on the baby before the end of the period of EBF have a negative impact on the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV.