bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Number 13 / Part I. Music. 9. A Research of The Musical Education at George Breazul and Dmitri Borisovich Kabalevski
Authors: Paşca Eugenia Maria
Published: March 2017

The musical language structure consists of living elements (because inside them the human`s musical language is synthesized), rich elements (because through them, people expressed their ideas and feelings), various elements ( as all cultures have formed and developed throughout history, their own and inexhaustible structures, transmitted through the ages, taken over, selected, enriched, extended). George Breazul was the first Romanian musician, who tried to conceptualize the embodiment of musical education through song, music play, and listening, starting from the specific acoustic universe, namely, children‟s folklore. Dmitri Kabalevski propsed the accomplishment of the musical education, based on the interpretation and listening of songs, belonging to a group of genders, which could represent musical styles and forms organized on themes. Originality and viability of the two visions, can be further noticed, because the logical organization of the acoustic material creates the circumstances for the listener‟s emotional auditory perception of the artistic message. The mutual interrelation and conditioning of elements which form the musical language generated the emphasizing and prominence of each one, within the musical speech, which is reflected in the educational process.
Number 13 / Part I. Music. 11. Great Contemporary Pianists in Interpretative Dialogue: Alfred Brendel and Murray Perahia
Authors: Tudor Brînduşa
Published: March 2017

The choice of valuable interpretative versions is highly important for both pianists on their way to performance and teachers in their complex activity of piano training. These become real models of esthetical thinking and artistic inspiration in the approach of a musical work. We shall use Sonata in D minor D 958 by Franz Schubert as an interpretative analysis model in the view of the pianists Alfred Brendel and Murray Perahia.
Part II. Drama / Choreography3. The Puppet –The Actor: Parallel Mirrors
Authors: Bujoreanu-Huțanu Raluca
Published: March 2017

The contemporary dynamics of performing arts has determined us to plead for the re/evaluation of the statute of the puppet as actor, as well as the puppeteer‟s. The present study might also be seen as a journey from and towards the theatre principles established by Kleist, Craig or Obraztov; a lesson about the poetry of technique and poeticized technique. The analysis of the double dimension of characters in animation theatre - the plastic and the interpretative sides - but also of the role of the relation between puppet and puppeteer has determined us to prove the necessity of using methods that are centered on interdisciplinary and comparative studies.
Part II. Drama / Choreography4. Physical Exercise in Highlighting The Professional Artistic Activities
Authors: Leşe Ana-Cristina
Published: March 2017

The importance and utility of physical exercise in the life style of the artists has inspired us to write this paper through which we address the people from this field who want to start their own business. We launch this idea in order to provide employees a space for sports activities inside the company. A program of varied physical activity introduced as a break in the work program is an important element in the improvement of the human and professional resources. In this paper we describe: types of spaces equipped for physical exercises, work programs and several reasons that sustain the idea that a recreation back is very useful in the utility artistic professions of the modern world.
Part II. Drama / Choreography5. Theater Dance Atelier
Authors: Enache Lorette
Published: March 2017

The substance of the spiritual and cultural life is the syncretism of the arts from the performer-spectator division, that was made concurrently with the “dance” segmentation into work and pleasure. Words were held in formulas, gestures and dance in rhythm. Today, dance is mostly seen as the art of gesture. However, it is remarkable to reflect at to what extent the dance, as an organic necessity, it could further develop into hermetic structures that would still require analyses and studies from researchers in the field. In today‟s theatrical landscape, this formula of artistic expression which was called theatre dance evolved so much so that gesticulations and body exploration became its core components.
7. Universal Studios of Art: Professionalization and Contributions to Art Education in Nigeria
Authors: Bardi Augustine Okola
Published: March 2017

During the 2nd Black World and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) in 1977, a lot of novel, creative and artistic events took place in Lagos. One of these was the construction of a monument, the National Arts Theatre, which also accommodated the National Gallery of Art. Invariably, the presence of the Gallery made the Arts Theatre management allocate the premises of the Theatre to some notable Nigerian artists for use as Artists in Residence. The premises eventually, by 1980, became an institutional and inspirational workshop for budding Nigerian artists. The activities of the artists were so professionally accepted that it was named the National Studios of Art. However, at the time the Studio had become the centre of sound informal art training, it was given a relocation order which caused serious controversy between the Gallery and the artists. The artists eventually accepted the relocation order, and this, necessarily, led to changing the name to the Universal Studios of Art (USA). As the professional artists became globally known, the USA also became a tourist centre for both local and foreign visitors and artists. Till today, the activities of the USA continue to attract national and international attention. Very as unfortunately, no scholarly study of the Universal Studios of Art has been carried out, despite its outstanding professional qualities.. For many years, the artists have developed valuable art forms and art styles that have contributed to the advancement of modern Nigerian art. It is the objective of this article, therefore, to document the artists of the Universal Studios of Art.
11. Modern Teaching Methods in Creative Workshop Fashion Design Courses
Authors: Turturică Ondina-Oana
Published: March 2017

The aim of this article is to specify and exemplify the stages of the creative process in fashion design courses and workshops, with a focus on a few learning methods exploring the creative potential through content and visual analysis processes as well as more practical techniques and methods in the area of fashion design and applied arts. From scientific documentation to pedagogical experiments, a range of methods have been used to enable students fulfill their learning objectives and reach the apex of professional competence.
3. Industrial Design and Contextualism: The Applied Arts Constituent/ Curriculum Imperatives in Design Practice and Education
Authors: Efer Obasuyi Osa-Francis
Published: March 2017

This paper examined the Curriculum imperatives of Industrial design education and the Contextualism of the principles and practice of disciplines such as Applied Arts and Industrial Design viz-a-viz their constituent and contextual roles and place in design practice/ Industry. The issue of contextualism as it relates to Design and the Applied Arts according to DeRose, K. (2009) would seem to mean a collection of views, theories, principles or philosophy of Design / applied Arts which seems to emphasize the context in which the action principles or purpose of design is understood relative to such a context. ie. In Design, the principles and practice of Applied Arts / Design disciplines (such as in Architecture) for example, contextualism refers to that theory of design in which modern / contemporary designs (buildings, products or structures) are harmonized together with the contemporary design ideals, forms and characteristics peculiar to modern ways/styles of living. (Jencks, 2002).

This informed the need and thrust of this paper which was predicated on the consideration of contextualing such a role/place of the Applied Arts as a constituent of Design and spotlighting it to be innately and intrinsically connected to the resultative man-made material culture and society. The paper also seeks to establish that the principles and practice of Design education emphasises the Teacher-learner relationship which is aimed at imparting credible problem solving skills and initiatives such as drawing, drafting (draught-manship), modeling or sculpting (in clay or industrial plasticine) styling and prototype creation (realized by moulding/shaping of the clay material to assume any contour, shape, form or topology of the given object) in ordeer to achieve that innate context and desire for the perfect product so designed. This paper recommends that for any design to succeed it must emplace (strictly) a well articulated Industrial Design Curriculum which elucidates those Applied Arts principles and practice as a constituent/major component part in the Design process of manufacture of any given design initiative.
Genetic variation of wood and resin production inPinus caribaeavar.hondurensisBarret & Golfari
Authors: dos Santos Wanderley , Souza Danilla Cristina Lemos , de Moraes Mário Luiz Teixeira , de Aguiar Ananda Virginia
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this work was to estimate genetic parameters and selection gain ofPinus caribaeavar.hondurensisprogeny trial for wood and resin production as well as correlation between them. Experiment was established in complete lattice square 10 × 10 (triple), 100 treatments, 10 plants per plot, 3 m × 3 m spacing. Twelve years after planting the trial had thinned considerably leaving six plants per plot. Twenty-seven years after planting height, diameter at breast height (dbh) and resin production were measured. Deviance analysis, genetic parameter estimates, selection expected gain, genetic and phenotypic correlation were based on REML/BLUP method. Significant phenotypic differences were observed among and within families for all traits. The thinning at 12 years after planting, contributed positively to dbh increase and resin production, with an average of 30.60 cm and 4.83 kg tree−1year−1. The individual narrow sense heritability ranged from 0.25 to 0.38 for dbh and volume. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between growth traits were positive, and significant. Therefore, different selection strategies will be proposed separately for both traits (resin and wood). The selection gains were significant, especially with 10 % selection intensity (individual selection) for dbh (7.53 %) and resin (13.49 %). The trial has had good performance for growth, resin and genetic variability to support the next breeding generation
Unification Strategies in Cognitive Science
Authors: Miłkowski Marcin
Published: March 2017

Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary conglomerate of various research fields and disciplines, which increases the risk of fragmentation of cognitive theories. However, while most previous work has focused on theoretical integration, some kinds of integration may turn out to be monstrous, or result in superficially lumped and unrelated bodies of knowledge. In this paper, I distinguish theoretical integration from theoretical unification, and propose some analyses of theoretical unification dimensions. Moreover, two research strategies that are supposed to lead to unification are analyzed in terms of the mechanistic account of explanation. Finally, I argue that theoretical unification is not an absolute requirement from the mechanistic perspective, and that strategies aiming at unification may be premature in fields where there are multiple conflicting explanatory models.
Logic in the Light of Cognitive Science
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: March 2017

Logical theory codifies rules of correct inferences. On the other hand, logical reasoning is typically considered as one of the most fundamental cognitive activities. Thus, cognitive science is a natural meeting-point for investigations about the place of logic in human cognition. Investigations in this perspective strongly depend on a possible understanding of logic. This paper focuses on logic in the strict sense; that is, the theory of deductive inferences. Two problems are taken into account, namely: (a) do humans apply logical rules in ordinary reasoning?; (b) the genesis of logic. The second issue is analyzed from the naturalistic point of view.
Sensitivity to Measurement Errors in Studies on Prosocial Choice using a Two-Choice Paradigm
Authors: Sikorska Julia , Trojan Maciej , Jakucińska Anna , Farley Dominika
Published: March 2017

Research on prosocial behaviors in primates often relies on the two-choice paradigm. Motoric lateralization is a surprisingly big problem in this field of research research, as it may influence which lever will ultimately be chosen by the actor. The results of lateralization studies on primates do not form a clear picture of that phenomenon, which makes it difficult to address the problem during research. The authors discuss possible ways of managing this confounding variable.
Thought Suppression Research Methods: Paradigms, Theories, Methodological Concerns
Authors: Niczyporuk Aneta
Published: March 2017

It is hard to provide an unequivocal answer to the question of whether or not thought suppression is effective. Two thought suppression paradigms - the “white bear” paradigm and the think/no-think paradigm - give mixed results. Generally, “white bear” experiments indicate that thought suppression is counterproductive, while experiments in the think/no-think paradigm suggest that it is possible to effectively suppress a thought. There are also alternative methods used to study thought suppression, for instance the directed forgetting paradigm or the Stroop task. In the article, I describe the research methods used to explore thought suppression efficacy. I focus on the “white bear” and the think/no-think paradigms and discuss theories proposed to explain the results obtained. I also consider the internal and external validity of the methods used.
Ternary rhombohedral Laves phases RE
2Rh3Ga (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Er)
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Janka Oliver , Benndorf Christopher , Mausolf Bernhard , Haarmann Frank , Eckert Hellmut , Heletta Lukas , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: March 2017

The ordered Laves phases RE
2Rh3Ga (RE=Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Er) were synthesized by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). They crystallize with the rhombohedral Mg2Ni3Si type structure, space group R3̅m. Three structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a=557.1(1), c=1183.1(2), wR2=0.0591, 159 F
2 values, 10 variables for Y2Rh3Ga, a=562.5(2), c=1194.4(2) pm, wR2=0.0519, 206 F
2 values, 11 variables for Ce2Rh3Ga and a=556.7(2), c=1184.1(3) pm, wR2=0.0396, 176 F
2 values, 11 variables for Tb2Rh3Ga. The Rh3Ga tetrahedra are condensed via common corners and the large cavities left by the network are filled by the rare earth atoms. The RE
2Rh3Ga Laves phases crystallize with a translationengleiche subgroup of the cubic RERh2 Laves phases with MgCu2 type. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal Pauli paramagnetism for Y2Rh3Ga and La2Rh3Ga. Ce2Rh3Ga shows intermediate cerium valence while all other RE
2Rh3Ga phases are Curie–Weiss paramagnets which order magnetically at low temperatures. The 89Y and 71Ga solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the diamagnetic representative Y2Rh3Ga show well-defined single resonances in agreement with an ordered bulk phase. In comparison to the binary Laves phase YRh2 a strongly increased 89Y resonance frequency is observed owing to a higher s-electron spin density at the 89Y nuclei as proven by density of states (DOS) calculations.
Four mid back vowels in Eastern Andalusian Spanish
Authors: Herrero de Haro Alfredo
Published: March 2017

The deletion of syllable-final consonants in Eastern Andalusian Spanish has been extensively documented; however, there is no consensus about its effect on neighbouring vowels. Researchers have focused on the effects of /s/ deletion on vowels to analyse how its semantic value is conveyed, while other consonants which are also deleted have been ignored. This paper examines the effects of word-final /s/, /r/, and /θ/ deletion on preceding /o/ from the point of view of production and perception. Regarding production, acoustic analyses of data from El Ejido (Eastern Andalusia), show specific changes to the F1 and F2 of /o/ depending on the underlying consonant it precedes (/s/, /r/, or /θ/). Likewise, a perception test demonstrates that Eastern Andalusian speakers can distinguish between more types of mid back vowels than previously thought.
Las fuentes manifiestas (canon explícito) en la tradición gramatical española de los Siglos de Oro y del siglo XVIII
Authors: Zamorano Aguilar Alfonso
Published: March 2017

This article investigates the internal canon built by grammarians themselves explicitly shown in its treaties. For this project, a plural corpus has been analysed. This corpus consists of thirty four grammars, prepared for different audiences, written by different senders and presented with different theoretical or didactic discourses. We study occurrences in the corpus, frequencies of each unit, the relationship between canon and senders, canon and receivers and canon and type of grammar as well as the relationship between canon and the parts of grammar where it appears. We also analyse traditions and main sources which are the foundations of Spanish grammar from 1492 (
Méthodes et pratique de la recherche étymologique roumaine (avec une attention particulière à l’« etimologie multiplă »)
Authors: Celac Victor
Published: March 2017

After briefly presenting the two paradigms of etymology – « étymologie-origine » vs. « étymologie-histoire » –, the article sets forth the main directions of Romanian etymological research throughout the 20th century and the evolution of the relation between the etymological researches at the (micro)-monographic level and their counterpart at the lexicographical stage. The author states his opinions on the fundamental requirements of modern etymological science. The main aim of the article is to precisely evaluate the concept of « multiple etymology » and its influence on present-day Romanian lexicography.
Divergent Modulation of Nociception by Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neuronal Subpopulations in the Periaqueductal Gray
Authors: Samineni Vijay K. , Grajales-Reyes Jose G. , Copits Bryan A. , O’Brien Daniel E. , Trigg Sarah L. , Gomez Adrian M. , Bruchas Michael R. , Gereau Robert W.
Published: March 2017

The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) constitutes a major descending pain modulatory system and is a crucial site for opioid-induced analgesia. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that glutamate and GABA play critical opposing roles in nociceptive processing in the vlPAG. It has been suggested that glutamatergic neurotransmission exerts antinociceptive effects, whereas GABAergic neurotransmission exert pronociceptive effects on pain transmission, through descending pathways. The inability to exclusively manipulate subpopulations of neurons in the PAG has prevented direct testing of this hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate the different contributions of genetically defined glutamatergic and GABAergic vlPAG neurons in nociceptive processing by employing cell type-specific chemogenetic approaches in mice. Global chemogenetic manipulation of vlPAG neuronal activity suggests that vlPAG neural circuits exert tonic suppression of nociception, consistent with previous pharmacological and electrophysiological studies. However, selective modulation of GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons demonstrates an inverse regulation of nociceptive behaviors by these cell populations. Selective chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons, or inhibition of GABAergic neurons, in vlPAG suppresses nociception. In contrast, inhibition of glutamatergic neurons, or activation of GABAergic neurons, in vlPAG facilitates nociception. Our findings provide direct experimental support for a model in which excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the PAG bidirectionally modulate nociception.
Depressive-Like Behaviors Are Regulated by NOX1/NADPH Oxidase by Redox Modification of NMDA Receptor 1
Authors: Ibi Masakazu , Liu Junjie , Arakawa Noriaki , Kitaoka Shiho , Kawaji Ai , Matsuda Ken-ichi , Iwata Kazumi , Matsumoto Misaki , Katsuyama Masato , Zhu Kai , Teramukai Satoshi , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki , Yabe-Nishimura Chihiro
Published: March 2017

Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested in the development of psychiatric disorders. NOX1 is a nonphagocytic form of NADPH oxidase whose expression in the nervous system is negligible compared with other NOX isoforms. However, NOX1-derived ROS increase inflammatory pain and tolerance to opioid analgesia. To clarify the role of NOX1 in the brain, we examined depressive-like behaviors in mice deficient inNox1(Nox1−/Y). Depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress or administration of corticosterone (CORT) were significantly ameliorated inNox1−/Y. Generation of ROS was significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice administrated with CORT, while NOX1 mRNA was upregulated only in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) among brain areas responsible for emotional behaviors. Delivery of miRNA against NOX1 to VTA restored CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors in wild-type (WT) littermates. Administration of CORT to WT, but not toNox1−/Y, significantly reduced transcript levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), with a concomitant increase in DNA methylation of the promoter regions inbdnf. Delivery of miRNA against NOX1 to VTA restored the level of BDNF mRNA in WT PFC. Redox proteome analyses demonstrated that NMDA receptor 1 (NR1) was among the molecules redox regulated by NOX1. In cultured cortical neurons, hydrogen peroxide significantly suppressed NMDA-induced upregulation of BDNF transcripts in NR1-expressing cells but not in cells harboring mutant NR1 (C744A). Together, these findings suggest a key role of NOX1 in depressive-like behaviors through NR1-mediated epigenetic modification ofbdnfin the mesoprefrontal projection.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNADPH oxidase is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. We presently showed the involvement of a nonphagocytic type of NADPH oxidase, NOX1, in major depressive disorders, including behavioral, biochemical, and anatomical changes in mice. The oxidation of NR1 by NOX1-derived ROS was demonstrated in prefrontal cortex (PFC), which may be causally linked to the downregulation of BDNF, promoting depressive-like behaviors. Given that NOX1 is upregulated only in VTA but not in PFC, mesocortical projections appear to play a crucial role in NOX1-dependent depressive-like behaviors. Our study is the first to present the potential molecular mechanism underlying the development of major depression through the NOX1-induced oxidation of NR1 and epigenetic modification ofbdnf.
Non‐coding RNAs: the dark side of nuclear–mitochondrial communication
Authors: Vendramin Roberto , Marine Jean‐Christophe , Leucci Eleonora
Published: March 2017

Mitochondria are critical hubs for the integration of several key metabolic processes implicated in cell growth and survival. They originated from bacterial ancestors through endosymbiosis, following the transfer of more than 90% of their endosymbiont genome to the host cell nucleus. Over time, a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship has been established, which relies on continuous and elaborate signaling mechanisms between this life‐essential organelle and its host. The ability of mitochondria to signal their functional state and trigger compensatory and adaptive cellular responses has long been recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved have remained poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may contribute to the synchronization of a series of essential cellular and mitochondrial biological processes, acting as “messengers” between the nucleus and the mitochondria. Here, we discuss the emerging putative roles of ncRNAs in various bidirectional signaling pathways established between the host cell and its mitochondria, and how the dysregulation of these pathways may lead to aging‐related diseases, including cancer, and offer new promising therapeutic avenues.
Cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a distinctive type of thyroid cancer
Authors: Lam Alfred King-yin , Saremi Nassim
Published: March 2017

The aim of this systematic review is to study the features of cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV-PTC) by analysing the 129 documented cases in the English literature. The disease occurred almost exclusively in women. The median age of presentation for CMV-PTC was 24 years. Slightly over half of the patients with CMV-PTC had familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). CMV-PTC presented before the colonic manifestations in approximately half of the patients with FAP. Patients with FAP often have multifocal tumours in the thyroid. Microscopic examination of CMV-PTC revealed predominately cribriform and morular pattern of cancer cells with characteristic nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Psammoma body is rare. On immunohistochemical studies, β-catenin is diffusely positive in CMV-PTC. The morular cells in CMV-PTC are strongly positive for CD10, bcl-2 and E-cadherin. Pre-operative diagnosis of CMV-PTC by fine-needle aspiration biopsy could be aided by cribriform architecture, epithelial morules and β-catenin immunostaining. Mutations ofAPCgene are found in the patients with CMV-PTC associated with FAP. In addition, mutations inCTNNB1,RET/PTCrearrangement andPI3K3CAmutations have been reported.BRAFmutation is negative in all CMV-PTC tested. Compared to conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma, CMV-PTC had a lower frequency of lymph node metastases at presentation (12%) and distant metastases (3%) as well as lower recurrence rates (8.5%) and patients’ mortality rates (2%). To conclude, patients with CMV-PTC have distinctive clinical, pathological and molecular profiles when compared to conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Endocrine Therapy in the Current Management of Postmenopausal Estrogen Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaklamani Virginia G. , Gradishar William J.
Published: March 2017

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) results in substantial morbidity and mortality for women afflicted with this disease. A majority of MBCs are hormone-responsive and estrogen receptor-positive, making endocrine therapy (ET) an integral component of systemic therapy. With a primary goal of minimizing the effects of estrogen on hormone-responsive MBC, ETs are among the first targeted treatments that aim to inhibit the influence of estrogen receptor activation on tumor proliferation. Several biochemical mechanisms have been the focus of drug development for treatment, including selective estrogen-receptor modulation, aromatase inhibition, and selective estrogen-receptor degradation. Treatments that exploit these mechanisms have improved survival and quality of life for women with MBC. However, in many cases, resistance to ET limits their effectiveness. Elucidation of the complex cellular signal cascades involved in the development of acquired resistance to ET and the interrelationship of growth factor signaling and estrogen responsiveness have characterized components of these pathways as attractive targets for drug development. Based on these insights and with the aim of overcoming hormone resistance, targeted therapies are emerging as useful treatments for MBC. This article reviews current endocrine treatments of MBC as well as recent and ongoing study of combination treatments and targeted therapies that interfere with cellular proliferation pathways as means of overcoming resistance.
On the Interpretation of the Hazard Ratio and Communication of Survival Benefit
Authors: Sashegyi Andreas , Ferry David
Published: March 2017

This brief communication will clarify the difference between a relative hazard and a relative risk. We highlight the importance of this difference, and demonstrate in practical terms that 1 minus the hazard ratio should not be interpreted as a risk reduction in the commonly understood sense of the term. This article aims to provide a better understanding of the type of risk reduction that a hazard ratio implies, thereby clarifying the intent in the communication among practitioners and researchers and establishing an accurate and realistic foundation for communicating with patients.
End-of-Life Care Matters: Palliative Cancer Care Results in Better Care and Lower Costs
Authors: Dalal Shalini , Bruera Eduardo
Published: March 2017

This article reviews the current state of end-of-life care, analyzes the clinical and financial impact of palliative care, and proposes areas of future research and development.
Performance of Mid-Treatment Breast Ultrasound and Axillary Ultrasound in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy by Breast Cancer Subtype
Authors: Candelaria Rosalind P. , Bassett Roland L. , Symmans William Fraser , Ramineni Maheshwari , Moulder Stacy L. , Kuerer Henry M. , Thompson Alastair M. , Yang Wei Tse
Published: March 2017

Background

The primary objective was to determine whether mid-treatment ultrasound measurements of index breast tumors and index axillary nodes of different cancer subtypes associate with residual cancer burden (RCB).

Methods

Patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had pre-treatment and mid-treatment breast and axillary ultrasound were included in this single-institution, retrospective cohort study. Linear regression analysis assessed associations between RCB with (a) change in index breast tumor size, (b) change in index node size, and (c) absolute number of abnormal nodes at mid-treatment. Multivariate linear regression was used to calculate best-fit models for RCB.

Results

One hundred fifty-nine patients (68 triple negative breast cancer [TNBC], 45 hormone receptor [HR]+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]−, and 46 HR−/HER2+) were included. Median age at diagnosis was 50 years, range 30–76. Median tumor size was 3.4 cm, range 0.9–10.4. Pathological complete response/RCB-I rates were 36.8% (25/68) for TNBC patients, 24.4% (11/45) for HR+/HER2− patients, and 71.7% (33/46) for HR−/HER2+ patients. Linear regression analyses demonstrated associations between percent change in tumor ultrasound measurements at mid-treatment with RCB index score in TNBC and HR+/HER2− (p < .05) but not in HR−/HER2+ (p > .05) tumors and an association between axillary ultrasound assessment of number of abnormal nodes at mid-treatment with RCB index score across all subtypes (p < .05).

Conclusion

Performance characteristics of breast ultrasound associated with RCB vary by cancer subtype, whereas the performance characteristics of axillary ultrasound associated with RCB are consistent across cancer subtype. Breast and axillary ultrasound may be valuable in monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Academic Cancer Center Phase I Program Development
Authors: Frankel Arthur E. , Flaherty Keith T. , Weiner George J. , Chen Robert , Azad Nilofer S. , Pishvaian Michael J. , Thompson John A. , Taylor Matthew H. , Mahadevan Daruka , Lockhart A. Craig , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Berlin Jordan D. , Smith David C. , Sarantopoulos John , Riese Matthew , Saleh Mansoor N. , Ahn Chul , Frenkel Eugene P.
Published: March 2017

Multiple factors critical to the effectiveness of academic phase I cancer programs were assessed among 16 academic centers in the U.S. Successful cancer centers were defined as having broad phase I and I/II clinical trial portfolios, multiple investigator-initiated studies, and correlative science. The most significant elements were institutional philanthropic support, experienced clinical research managers, robust institutional basic research, institutional administrative efforts to reduce bureaucratic regulatory delays, phase I navigators to inform patients and physicians of new studies, and a large cancer center patient base. New programs may benefit from a separate stand-alone operation, but mature phase I programs work well when many of the activities are transferred to disease-oriented teams. The metrics may be useful as a rubric for new and established academic phase I programs.
Estudo Transversal dos Óbitos Provocados por Tromboembolismo Pulmonar Necropsiados no Instituto Médico Legal de Belo Horizonte, 2008–2011
Authors: Leonardo Santos Bordoni  , Nayara Moreira da Cunha  , Thais Yoko Ferreira Koga  , Polyanna Helena Coelho Bordoni
Published: March 2017

O tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) se dá quando ocorre a obstrução da artéria pulmonar ou de seus ramos por êmbolos geralmente provenientes da rede venosa profunda. As consequências desta obstrução são potencialmente graves, mas com sintomatologia inespecífica ou mesmo ausente, sendo de difícil diagnóstico clínico. O TEP é importante causa de morte súbita, além de ser considerado uma das principais causas de mortalidade hospitalar. Tendo em vista sua importância como causa de morte e o papel que representa na Medicina Legal, este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o perfil epidemiológico das mortes por TEP nas necropsias realizadas no Instituto Médico Legal de Belo Horizonte (IML/BH) no período entre 2008 e 2011. Foram analisados 94 casos de TEP como causa da morte no período estudado. As características predominantes dos necropsiados foram sexo masculino, faixa etária igual ou superior a 40 anos, cor de pele morena, estado civil solteiro, e ativos do ponto de vista ocupacional. Na maioria dos casos o diagnóstico foi feito pela combinação de exames macro e microscópicos do coração e dos pulmões. A maioria dos casos não se relacionava a trauma prévio. Nos casos de TEP pós-trauma, os membros foram a principal parte do corpo lesionada e o acidente de trânsito foi a circunstância de trauma mais prevalente. Como o TEP é uma situação de difícil diagnóstico clínico e de alta taxa de mortalidade, o número de óbitos por essa causa é subestimado, ressaltando a importância de estudos envolvendo autopsias que objetivam uma melhor compreensão desta doença.
Aspectos Farmacologicos e Toxicologicos da Cetamina: Uma Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Fernando Ponce  , André Rinaldi Fukushima
Published: March 2017

A cetamina é um fármaco anestésico desenvolvido na década de 60 pelo laboratório estadunidense Parke & Davis, seu principal é anestesia em humanos e animais. É descrito na literatura como “anestésico dissociativo”, devido ao seu uso proporcionar uma intensa sensação de dissociação do meio, perda sensorial marcante e analgesia, assim como amnésia e paralisia do movimento, sem perda real da consciência.Possui propriedades que a tornam útil para procedimentos. Seu mecanismo de ação se baseia no antagonismo dos receptores glutamatérgicos ionotrópicos do tipo N-metil-D-aspartato. Seguindo a hipótese glutamatérgica da esquizofrenia, a cetamina é empregada como um possível modelo da esquizofrenia, é utilizada em pesquisas com o intuito de recriar comportamentos semelhantes aos sintomas positivos e negativos da esquizofrenia em cobaias. Atualmente seu uso ilícito tornou-se popular entre jovens, que a utilizam devido a suas propriedades alucinógenas e dissociativas, tal fato torna evidente a necessidade de maior conhecimento sobre suas propriedades toxicológicas.
Morphological variation in fruits and seeds of Ceiba aesculifolia and its relationship with germination and seedlings biomass
Authors: Velázquez-Rosas Noé , Ruiz-Guerra Betsabé , Sánchez-Coronado Maria Esther , Gamboa-de Buen Alicia , Orozco-Segovia Alma
Published: March 2017

Background Morphologic variation in fruits and seeds affects the performance and adaptation of plants. Only a few studies have integrally analyzed these variables and their effects in plant germination and early growth in tropical dry forest (TDF).

Questions Do the size and shape of fruits influence the number and mass of seeds? Is there a positive relation between seed traits, germination and seedling growth?

Species studied Ceiba aesculifolia .

Study site A TDF growing in a lava field in Actopan, Veracruz:

Methods The fruits of 35 individuals of one population were classified into three size categories (small, medium and large), from which fresh fruit mass and length, number and mass of seeds, and seed lipid and water content were determined. In addition, lag time, germination rate (velocity) and percentage, and seedling biomass were assessed.

Results Fruit mass was positively related to seed mass, but fruit weight was negatively related to number of seeds. Larger seeds had higher lipid and water content. No differences were registered in lag time or final germination percentage. Heavier seeds produced seedlings with higher biomass.

ConclusionsThe number and size of seeds in fruits may determine differential capabilities for seedling establishment.
Effects of cadmium on nucleolus in root tips of Hordeum vulgare
Authors: Shi Qiuyue , Wang Junran , Jiang Ze , Wu Hangfeng , Wang Jiayue , Jiang Wusheng , Liu Donghua , Zou Jinhua
Published: March 2017

Background Hordeum vulgare is an economically important crop that is consumed in large quantities in the world. In a previous investigation, we found that cadmium (Cd) could induce some nucleolar materials containing the argyrophilic proteins scattered in the nuclei and located in the cytoplasm in the root tip cells of H. vulgare . However, what kinds of nucleolar proteins are affected has not been reported. In order to further confirm the cytological effects of Cd on nucleolus and nucleolar proteins, alterations in the cellular localization and expression of two major nucleolar proteins: fibrillarin and nucleolin in the root tips of H. vulgare were studied in the present investigation.

Methods  Cytological effects of Cd on nucleolus were observed by silver-staining method and two nucleolarproteins: nucleolin and fibrillarin were observed and analyzed by means of indirect immunofluorescent microscopy and western blotting.

Results  Results from the present investigation demonstrated that under Cd stress (cadmium chloride at 50 and 100 ?M), Cd could disturb the nucleolar cycle with the extrusion of silver-stained materials containing argyrophilic proteins from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm. Nucleolar material containing nucleolin and fibrillarin and their movement into the cytoplasm following Cd stress was detected with indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Western blotting revealed higher expression of these two major nucleoproteins in Cd-treated roots, which was consistent with the results obtained by indirect immunofluorescence.

Conclusion  The findings of the present study confirm that Cd can have toxic effects on nucleolus and affect the expression of nucleolar proteins, nucleolin and fibrillarin. The data obtained here can provide valuable information for monitoring and forecast early effects of exposure to Cd in polluted environments.
Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy in internal derangement of knee
Authors: Gopal Krishna , M. M. R. Sandeep , A. Prakash , Jose Ashish
Published: March 2017

Background: Ligament injuries apart from fractures are more common in the knee joint owing to its complex anatomy. They account for a large number of referrals to our hospital, both from the general practitioner and from the accident and emergency department. Although there have been studies in literature comparing MRI with arthroscopy, the continuing improvement in diagnostic methods now available makes it especially important to compare the results and recommendations offered in the literature.

Methods: The aim of this study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of MRI scans and to examine the value of MRI as a standard preoperative examination correlating them with the gold standard of arthroscopy. This is a prospective study involving 57 patients who were admitted in Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, with the history of injury to the knee and diagnosed to have internal derangement of the knee clinically, using standardized clinical tests. MRI of the affected knee joint was done for all these patients either before or after admission. The patients were then subjected to diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy.

Results: The sensitivity of MRI in comparison with Arthroscopy was 100% in all studied lesions. The specificity of MRI in comparison with Arthroscopy was 94.1%, 98.1%, 100% and 97.6% for ACL, PCL, Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus respectively.

Conclusions: According to our study MRI is a very good at determining the normal anatomy of the intra articular structures of the knee joint and is highly reliable in excluding pathology, in our case tear in ligaments. Hence we recommend MRI in doubtful cases of internal derangement of the knee joint whereby unnecessary diagnostic arthroscopy can be avoided which can significantly bring down the economic burden among rural population.
Gestión integral de la industria cauchera en el municipio de San José del Guaviare, Colombia
Authors: Montoya-Rojas Grace Andrea , Posada Adriana , Martin Johana , Garnica Laura , Peña Pilar , Ramírez Ana
Published: March 2017

En el artículo se plasman los logros de un ejercicio investigativo mediante una innovación espacial aplicada de manera integral a la industria del Caucho. De esta forma, se promueve una planificación holística en el municipio de San José del Guaviare, Colombia, donde hay actividades de colonización en la región selvática y, además, se encuentran comunidades indígenas y variedad de resguardos. La gestión integral de la agroindustria del Caucho, uno de los medios de susbsistencia de los habitantes, es prácticamente ausente. El proyecto cuenta con un diagnostico general de la zona, mediante el cual se obtienen modelaciones SIG con el fin de establecer las áreas potenciales para la producción de neumáticos en la agroindustria de Caucho. Se ilustra desde la gestión integral sectorial, las áreas capaces de soportar el proyecto de manera productiva y lograr al mismo tiempo, un desarrollo armónico entre el territorio municipal y el proyecto.
Potencial para la conservación de la geodiversidad de los paisajes del Estado de Michoacán, México
Authors: Ramírez Sánchez Luis Giovanni , Priego Santander Ángel G. , Bollo Manent Manuel , Castelo Agüero Danays del Carmen
Published: March 2017

La heterogeneidad del paisaje varía en el espacio dependiendo de la proporción entre polígonos y unidades tipológicas. La alta variabilidad del espacio geográfico que posee el estado de Michoacán le confiere una elevada connotación ecológica, lo cual sugiere valores importantes de geodiversidad. Para conocer la heterogeneidad de cada geocomplejo se computó el número de polígonos, así como el número de parajes simples que contenía cada uno de estos y se aplicaron indicadores de complejidad tipológica, corológica, diversidad máxima y de McIntosh, así como riqueza de paisajes. Se calculó un valor único para cada unidad de paisajes con el propósito de elaborar un mapa unificado del potencial natural para la conservación de la geodiversidad. Para ello se calculó un valor promedio entre todos los indicadores por unidades de paisajes y se distinguieron cinco categorías para la conservación de la geodiversidad. Los resultados principales muestran que en la Meseta Purépecha se encuentran potenciales valiosos para la conservación de la geodiversidad.
Transformational Learning Through Teacher Collaboration: a Case Study
Authors: Steyn Gertruida
Published: March 2017

This article, which developed from previous studies at the school, reports on a qualitative study aimed at investigating the professional learning experiences of staff members at a South African primary school. Transformative learning and adult learning theory underpinned the study. Data were collected by means of an open-ended questionnaire administered to teachers of the Mathematics department, a focus group interview with these teachers and individual interviews with the principal. Participants indicated that teacher collaboration enhanced their professional learning in the various horizontally and vertically structured teams at the school. They emphasized the importance of effective communication, trust and respect in their interpersonal relationships. Although participants acknowledged differences in their personalities and professional approaches, they regarded them as beneficial and complementary for their learning. The study showed that transformative learning was contextualised and therefore suggested that more research should be carried out to explore the contextual factors that promote sharing of knowledge and skills among teachers at other schools. Key words: Adult learning; transformative learning; teacher collaboration; professional development Opsomming TRANSFORMASIONELE LEER DEUR MIDDEL VAN ONDERWYSERSAMEWERKING: ‘N GEVALLESTUDIE Hierdie artikel wat uit vorige studies in die skool ontwikkel het, doen verslag oor ‘n kwalititiewe studie wat die professionele leerervaringe van personeel in ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse laerskool ondersoek het. Transformasionele leer en volwasseneleerteorie het as grondslag van die studie gedien. Data is ingesamel deur middel van oop vrae in ‘n vraelys aan onderwysers in die Wiskundedepartement, ‘n fokusgroeponderhoud met hierdie onderwysers asook individuele onderhoude met die skoolhoof. Deelnemers het aangetoon dat onderwysersamewerking hulle professionele leer verbeter het in die horisontale en vertikale strukture in die skool. Hulle het die belangrikheid van effektiewe kommunikasie, vertroue en respek in hulle interpersoonlike verhoudinge beklemtoon. Alhoewel deelnemers verskille in hulle persoonlikhede en professionele benaderings erken het, het hulle dit as voordelig en komplementerend beskou. Die studie het aangetoon dat transformasionele leer gekontekstualiseerd is en dat verdere studies derhalwe aanbeveel word om die kontekstuele faktore wat die bevordering van kennis en vaardighede onder onderwysers bevorder, te ondersoek. Kernbegrippe: Volwasseneleer; transformasionele leer; onderwysersamewerking; professionele ontwikkeling
Kuyperania in 2016
Authors: Bishop Steve
Published: March 2017

This article looks at new works published in 2016 by, on, or about Abraham Kuyper