bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Looking beyond human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype 16 and 18: Defining HPV genotype distribution in cervical cancers in Australia prior to vaccination
Authors: Brotherton Julia M.L. , Tabrizi Sepehr N. , Phillips Samuel , Pyman Jan , Cornall Alyssa M. , Lambie Neil , Anderson Lyndal , Cummings Margaret , Payton Diane , Scurry James P. , Newman Marsali , Sharma Raghwa , Saville Marion , Garland Suzanne M.
Published: July 2017

Australia has implemented a high‐coverage HPV vaccination program but has not, to date, established the distribution of HPV types that occur in cervical cancers in Australia. This information is important for determining the potential for cervical cancer prevention with both current and broader spectrum HPV vaccines. We analysed 847 cervical cancers diagnosed 2005 to 2015 in tertiary centres in the three most populous Australian states with resolution of specimens containing multiple HPV types using laser‐capture microdissection. Archived FFPE tissue was reviewed by specialist pathologists, sandwich sectioned, and initially whole‐tissue sections genotyped for HPV. Samples were first genotyped using SPF10‐LiPA25 (version 1). Negative samples were screened with DNA ELISA kit HPV SPF10, followed by genotyping with SPF+ LiPA if ELISA positive. If still negative, samples were tested on a qPCR assay targeting the E6 region of HPV16, 18, 45 and 33. Of the 847 cancers (65.1% squamous, 28.7% adenocarcinoma, 4.3% adenosquamous, 2.0% other), 92.9% had HPV detected. Of the HPV‐positive cancers, 607 of 787 (77.1%) contained HPV16 or 18, 125 of 787 (15.9%) contained HPV31/33/45/52 or 58, and 55 (7.0%) another HPV type. There was a strong correlation between HPV type and age, with younger women most likely to have HPV16/18 detected and least likely HPV negative. Our findings indicate that cervical cancers diagnosed in Australia more frequently contain HPV16/18 than in international series. This could be due to cervical screening in Australia increasing the proportion of adenocarcinomas, in which types 18 and 16 more strongly predominate, due to prevention of squamous cancers.
Reduction of Sugarcane Water Footprint by Controlled Drainage, in Khuzestan, Iran
Authors: Jahani Babak , Soltani Mohammadi Amir , Nasseri Abd Ali , Van Oel Pieter R. , Sadeghi Lari Adnan
Published: July 2017

The main objective of this study was to estimate the different components of the water footprint for sugarcane production under the conditions of free (FD) and controlled drainage (as an on‐farm strategy for agricultural water management, CD) in an arid and semi‐arid region in the south‐west of Iran (Khuzestan Province). The different components of the water footprint (green, blue and grey) were assessed based on on‐farm measurements. The total amount of water footprint for sugarcane production in the study area stood at 250 m3t−1 in the treatment FD. Of this, 12.2, 71.8 and 16.0% were of the green, blue and grey water footprints, respectively. By using CD this value was reduced to 203 m3t−1 in total, of which, 13.7, 76.8 and 9.5% were of the green, blue and grey water footprints, respectively. This decrease in the amount of water footprint seems to be mainly a result of an increase in crop productivity (due to soil condition improvement), reduction of the in‐ and outflow of the sugarcane farm and also reduction of nitrate losses in the CD treatment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Difference‐in‐differences when the treatment status is observed in only one period
Authors: Botosaru Irene , Gutierrez Federico H.
Published: July 2017

This paper considers the difference‐in‐differences (DID) method when the data come from repeated cross‐sections and the treatment status is observed either before or after the implementation of a program. We propose a new method that point‐identifies the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) via a DID method when there is at least one proxy variable for the latent treatment. Key assumptions are the stationarity of the propensity score conditional on the proxy and an exclusion restriction that the proxy must satisfy with respect to the change in average outcomes over time conditional on the true treatment status. We propose a generalized method of moments estimator for the ATT and we show that the associated overidentification test can be used to test our key assumptions. The method is used to evaluate JUNTOS, a Peruvian conditional cash transfer program. We find that the program significantly increased the demand for health inputs among children and women of reproductive age.
Endocrine disruption: In silico interactions between phthalate plasticizers and corticosteroid binding globulin
Authors: Sheikh Ishfaq A. , Beg Mohd A.
Published: July 2017

Endocrine disruption is a phenomenon when a man‐made or natural compound interferes with normal hormone function in human or animal body systems. Endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs) have assumed considerable importance as a result of industrial activity, mass production of synthetic chemicals and environmental pollution. Phthalate plasticizers are a group of chemicals used widely and diversely in industry especially in the plastic industry, and many of the phthalate compounds have endocrine‐disrupting properties. Increasing evidence indicates that steroid nuclear receptors and steroid binding proteins are the main targets of endocrine disruption. Corticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG) is a steroid binding protein that binds and transports cortisol in the blood circulation and is a potential target for endocrine disruption. An imbalance of cortisol in the body leads to many health problems. Induced fit docking of nine important and environmentally relevant phthalate plasticizers (DMP, BBP, DBP, DIBP, DnHP, DEHP, DINP, DnOP, DIDP) showed interactions with 10–19 amino acid residues of CBG. Comparison of the interacting residues of CBG with phthalate ligands and cortisol showed an overlapping of the majority (53–82%) of residues for each phthalate. Five of nine phthalate compounds and cortisol shared a hydrogen bonding interaction with the Arg‐252 residue of CBG. Long‐chain phthalates, such as DEHP, DINP, DnOP and DIDP displayed a higher binding affinity and formed a number of interactions with CBG in comparison to short‐chain phthalates. The similarity in structural binding characteristics of phthalate compounds and native ligand cortisol suggested potential competitive conflicts in CBG‐cortisol binding function and possible disruption of cortisol and progesterone homeostasis.
Increased incidence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in male rat offspring exposed to fluoxetine during fetal and neonatal life involves the NLRP3 inflammasome and augmented de novo hepatic lipogenesis
Authors: De Long Nicole E. , Hardy Daniel B. , Ma Noelle , Holloway Alison C.
Published: July 2017

Up to 10% of women take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) during pregnancy. Children exposed to SSRIs in utero have an increased risk of being overweight suggesting that fetal exposure to SSRIs can cause permanent metabolic changes. We have previously shown in rats that fetal and neonatal exposure to the SSRI antidepressant fluoxetine results in metabolic perturbations including increased hepatic triglyceride content; a hallmark of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the mechanism(s) underlying the fluoxetine‐induced increase in intrahepatic triglyceride content. Female nulliparous Wistar rats were given vehicle or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) orally for 2 weeks prior to mating until weaning. At 6 months of age, we assessed whether SSRI exposure altered components of the hepatic triglyceride biosynthesis pathway in the offspring and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. Male SSRI‐exposed offspring had a significant increase in the steady‐state mRNA levels of Elovl6 and Dgat1 and core components of the NLRP3 inflammasome (apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase activation recruitment domain [ASC] and caspase‐1). Augmented expression of Asc in the SSRI‐exposed offspring coincided with increased histone acetylation in the proximal promoter region. Given that we have previously demonstrated that antenatal exposure to SSRIs can lead to fatty liver in the offspring, this raises concerns regarding the long‐term metabolic sequelae of fetal SSRI exposure. Moreover, this study suggests that elevated hepatic triglyceride levels observed in the SSRI‐exposed offspring may be due, in part, to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and augmentation of de novo lipogenesis.
A Cross‐Study Analysis Evaluating the Effects of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Rivaroxaban in Clinical Studies
Authors: Zhang Liping , Peters Gary , Haskell Lloyd , Patel Purve , Nandy Partha , Moore Kenneth Todd
Published: July 2017

US prescribing guidelines recommend that 15‐ and 20‐mg doses of rivaroxaban be administered with food for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and for reduction in the risk of recurrence of DVT and PE. In addition, the US prescribing guidelines recommend these doses be administered with an evening meal to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this model‐based cross‐study comparison was to examine the impact of food, with regard to both meal timing and content, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of rivaroxaban, using data collected during its clinical development. Results of this analysis showed that a PK model built from pooled data in the AF population (for whom rivaroxaban was administered with an evening meal) and in the DVT population (for whom rivaroxaban was administered with a morning meal) can describe both data sets well. Furthermore, the PK model built from data in the AF population alone can adequately predict the PK profile of the DVT population and vice versa. This cross‐study analysis also confirmed the findings from previous clinical pharmacology studies, which showed that meal content does not have a clinically relevant impact on the PK of rivaroxaban at 20 mg. Therefore, although the administration of rivaroxaban with food is necessary for maintaining high bioavailability, neither meal timing nor meal content appears to affect the PK of rivaroxaban.
Calcifying epithelioma of malherbe (Pilomatrixoma): Clinical and sonographic features
Authors: Lin Sai‐Feng , Xu Shi‐Hao , Xie Zuo‐Liu
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and sonographic features of calcifying epitheliomas (pilomatrixomas).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and sonographic appearances of 59 cases of calcifying epitheliomas in 58 patients that were confirmed pathologically.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 26 years (range, 5–69 years) and the female‐to‐male ratio was 1.2. All masses were located in subcutaneous soft tissues. Overall, 76.3% of the cases were located in the head and neck; the mean tumor size was 13 mm, and 72.9% of the cases were between 10 and 20 mm in size. Of the lesions, 62.7% were hypoechoic masses with internal calcifications, and 74.6% of them showed low or moderate internal vascularity on Doppler imaging.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of calcifying epithelioma should be considered in a patient with a painless, circumscribed, oval‐shaped hypoechoic mass with internal calcifications and internal vascularity in the subcutaneous soft tissues of the head or neck. The mass may be small and have well‐defined margins, with hypoechogenicity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:3–7, 2018;
Major role of water bodies on diurnal precipitation regimes in Eastern Africa
Authors: Camberlin Pierre , Gitau Wilson , Planchon Olivier , Dubreuil Vincent , Funatsu Beatriz M. , Philippon Nathalie
Published: July 2017

Mean diurnal rainfall regimes over Eastern Africa (also referred to as the Greater Horn of Africa) are studied based on 3‐hourly data from the TRMM 3B42 data set, averaged over a 17‐year period (1998–2014). The consistency with long‐term mean raingauge data, available for partly independent periods, varies from good (Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia) to very good (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda). Over sea (Indian Ocean and Red Sea), the diurnal rainfall distribution is quite uniform; however, a morning peak dominates and there is evidence of offshore phase propagation south of the equator. Over land, both rainfall frequency and rainfall amounts show a dominant afternoon maximum (1500–1800 East African Time, i.e. GMT + 3). However, many inland regions show a delayed rainfall maximum (evening, night‐time or morning). The evening to night‐time maximum found over some land areas is associated with a phase propagation from areas showing an afternoon peak. This occurs west of high ground areas (Sudan and parts of the Great Lakes region) and in belts parallel to the seashores (Eritrea, northeastern Ethiopia, Somalia and eastern Kenya). The latter provide indirect evidence that sea breeze effects can be detected at unexpectedly great distances from the coast (up to 300–400 km) in parts of Eastern Africa. A remarkable ring of early afternoon (1500) maxima is found around most lakes, although some east–west asymmetries occur. Over the lakes, a morning or late night maximum is mostly found. It is generally inversely related to the distance to the shorelines for the larger lakes, but over the mid‐size lakes it is replaced by or competes with a late afternoon to evening maximum.
An exploration of crowdsourcing citation screening for systematic reviews
Authors: Mortensen Michael L. , Adam Gaelen P. , Trikalinos Thomas A. , Kraska Tim , Wallace Byron C.
Published: July 2017

Systematic reviews are increasingly used to inform health care decisions, but are expensive to produce. We explore the use of crowdsourcing (distributing tasks to untrained workers via the web) to reduce the cost of screening citations. We used Amazon Mechanical Turk as our platform and 4 previously conducted systematic reviews as examples. For each citation, workers answered 4 or 5 questions that were equivalent to the eligibility criteria. We aggregated responses from multiple workers into an overall decision to include or exclude the citation using 1 of 9 algorithms and compared the performance of these algorithms to the corresponding decisions of trained experts. The most inclusive algorithm (designating a citation as relevant if any worker did) identified 95% to 99% of the citations that were ultimately included in the reviews while excluding 68% to 82% of irrelevant citations. Other algorithms increased the fraction of irrelevant articles excluded at some cost to the inclusion of relevant studies. Crowdworkers completed screening in 4 to 17 days, costing $460 to $2220, a cost reduction of up to 88% compared to trained experts. Crowdsourcing may represent a useful approach to reducing the cost of identifying literature for systematic reviews.
Towards a taxonomy of logic models in systematic reviews and health technology assessments: A priori, staged, and iterative approaches
Authors: Rehfuess Eva A. , Booth Andrew , Brereton Louise , Burns Jacob , Gerhardus Ansgar , Mozygemba Kati , Oortwijn Wija , Pfadenhauer Lisa M. , Tummers Marcia , van der Wilt Gert‐Jan , Rohwer Anke
Published: July 2017

The complexity associated with how interventions result—or fail to result—in outcomes and how context matters is increasingly recognised. Logic models provide an important tool for handling complexity, with contrasting uses in programme evaluation and evidence synthesis. To reconcile these, we developed an approach that combines the strengths of both traditions, propose a taxonomy of logic models, and provide guidance on how to choose between approaches and types of logic models in systematic reviews and health technology assessments (HTA).

The taxonomy distinguishes 3 approaches (a priori, staged, and iterative) and 2 types (systems‐based and process‐orientated) of logic models. An a priori logic model is specified at the start of the systematic review/HTA and remains unchanged. With a staged logic model, the reviewer prespecifies several points, at which major data inputs require a subsequent version. An iterative logic model is continuously modified throughout the systematic review/HTA process. System‐based logic models describe the system, in which the interaction between participants, intervention, and context takes place; process‐orientated models display the causal pathways leading from the intervention to multiple outcomes.

The proposed taxonomy of logic models offers an improved understanding of the advantages and limitations of logic models across the spectrum from a priori to fully iterative approaches. Choice of logic model should be informed by scope of evidence synthesis, presence/absence of clearly defined population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) elements, and feasibility considerations. Applications across distinct interventions and methodological approaches will deliver good practice case studies and offer further insights on the choice and implementation of logic modelling approaches.
The Development of Fibers That Mimic the Core–Sheath and Spindle‐Knot Morphology of Artificial Silk Using Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Peng Qingfa , Shao Huili , Hu Xuechao , Zhang Yaopeng
Published: July 2017

Spider and silkworm produce diverse silk fibers from spinning dopes through smart spinnerets. Spider's capture silk is composed of core thread and periodic spindle‐knots, while silkworm silk consists of fibroin core and sericin outer layer. To mimic the morphologies of natural heterostructured silks, artificial fibers are dry‐spun using a multichannel microfluidic chip, served with a highly viscous core solution of regenerated silk fibroin and low viscosity sheath solution of sericin. Silk fibers with core–sheath, groove, and spindle‐knot structures are obtained by controlling the flow rates and viscosities of the two microfluids depending on the laminar flow, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, or Plateau–Rayleigh instability.
Immersion Electrospinning as a New Method to Direct Fiber Deposition
Authors: Shepherd Larissa M. , Frey Margaret W. , Joo Yong Lak
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a new method for directed steering of fibers via a combination of electro‐ and wet‐spinning: Immersion Electrospinning. In this process, a polymeric dope is extruded directly into a coagulation bath (e.g., a blend of chloroform/mineral oil). Through increased drag force and reduced charge build‐up on the fiber surface, the speed of the fiber jet, driven by an electric field, is greatly reduced in comparison to traditional electrospinning. This speed reduction coincides with suppression of the whipping motion, offering better control of jetting behavior. Immersion Electrospinning of poly(acrylonitrile), PAN, at five different electric fields ranging from 12.5 to 375 kV m−1 shows continuous fiber formation until a critical electric field strength, Ecrit = 125 kV m−1. At Ecrit, an increased whipping motion is observed and above Ecrit, fiber disruption and fragmentation occur. Selectively applying ≈50 kV m−1 to an array of electrodes produces a continuous PAN fiber in a square path.
Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Thermoresponsive Hybrid Nanofibrous Hydrogel as a Recyclable Dip‐Catalyst with Temperature‐Tunable Catalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Liying , Chen Siyuan , Zhou Jianfeng , Yang Jianmao , Chen Xiao , Ji Yali , Liu Xiaoyun , Zha Liusheng
Published: July 2017

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded thermoresponsive nanofibrous hydrogel is fabricated by electrospinning the aqueous solution containing the metal nanoparticles and poly((N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(N‐hydroxymethylacrylamide)) copolymer, followed by heat treatment. To avoid negative effect of the stabilizer or the residual reductant on their performances, the AgNPs of less than 5 nm size are synthesized through reducing Ag+ ions in the spinning solution by UV irradiation. The prepared nanofibrous hydrogel with desirable stability in aqueous medium has significant thermoresponsive property, and can reach its swelling or deswelling equilibrium state within 15 s with the medium temperature changing between 25 and 50 °C alternately. The smart nanofibrous hydrogel as a dip‐catalyst has the catalysis for the reduction of 4‐nitrothiophenol to 4‐aminothiophenol by NaBH4, and its catalytic activity can be rapidly tuned by temperature. Moreover, it can be facilely recycled from the reaction system at least four times, without any loss of its catalytic activity.
Cellulose‐Derived Carbon Fibers with Improved Carbon Yield and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Spörl Johanna M. , Beyer Ronald , Abels Falko , Cwik Tomasz , Müller Alexandra , Hermanutz Frank , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: July 2017

The manufacture of high mechanical strength cellulose‐based carbon fibers (CFs) is accomplished in a continuous process at comparably low temperatures and with high carbon yields. Applying a sulfur‐based carbonization agent, i.e., ammonium tosylate (ATS), carbon yields of 37% (83% of theory), and maximum tensile strengths and Young's moduli up to 2.0 and 84 GPa are obtained already at 1400 °C. For comparison, the use of the well‐known carbonization aid ammonium dihydrogenphosphate ((NH4)H2PO4), ADHP, is also investigated. Both the precursor and the CFs are characterized via elemental analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry/infrared spectroscopy discloses differences in structure formation between ATS and ADHP‐derived CFs during pyrolysis.
Dual‐Crosslinked Human Serum Albumin‐Polymer Hydrogels for Affinity‐Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Noteborn Willem E. M. , Gao Yue , Jesse Wim , Kros Alexander , Kieltyka Roxanne E.
Published: July 2017

A dual‐crosslinked in situ gelling drug delivery scaffold based on dextran (DEX), thiolated serum albumin, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is presented. Dextran–vinyl sulfone conjugates with varied molecular weight and degrees of substitution are synthesized by controlling the reaction time and temperature with divinyl sulfone. Dextran–human serum albumin (sHSA) hydrogels are prepared using a thiol‐vinyl sulfone Michael addition reaction with thiolated albumin as the crosslinker. Poly(ethylene glycol) dithiol is added as a third component to the crosslinked dextran–human serum albumin hydrogel to facilitate additional crosslinking, and reduce gelation time, while modulating the physicochemical properties of the Dex–sHSA–PEG network. The onset of gelation of the modular three‐component dual‐crosslinked hydrogel network ranges from 45 min to 1.5 h depending on gel constituent concentrations and the gelation temperature (25 or 37 °C). All gels remain stable for over a 25 d period under physiological conditions. In vitro drug release assays show that dual‐crosslinked Dex–sHSA–PEG hydrogels can deliver doxorubicin in a sustained manner over 7 d. Finally, a Tetrazolium‐based assay shows the biocompatible nature of the Dex–sHSA–PEG hydrogels and capacity to deliver doxorubicin successfully to MCF‐7 breast cancer cells.
Feedback field control improves the precision of T2* quantification at 7 T
Authors: Wyss Michael , Duerst Yolanda , Nanz Daniel , Kasper Lars , Wilm Bertram Jakob , Dietrich Benjamin Emmanuel , Gross Simon , Schmid Thomas , Brunner David Otto , Pruessmann Klaas Paul
Published: July 2017

T2* mapping offers access to a number of important structural and physiological tissue parameters. It is robust against RF field variations and overall signal scaling. However, T2* measurement is highly sensitive to magnetic field errors, including perturbations caused by breathing motion at high baseline field. The goal of this work is to assess this issue in T2* mapping of the brain and to study the benefit of field stabilization by feedback field control.

T2* quantification in the brain was investigated by phantom and in vivo measurements at 7 T. Repeated measurements were made with and without feedback field control using NMR field sensing and dynamic third‐order shim actuation. The precision and reliability of T2* quantification was assessed by studying variation across repeated measurements as well as fitting errors.

Breathing effects were found to introduce significant error in T2* mapping results. Field control mitigates this problem substantially. In a phantom it virtually eliminates the effects of emulated breathing fluctuations in the head. In vivo it enhances the structural fidelity of T2* maps and reduces fitting residuals along with standard deviation.

In conclusion, feedback field control improves the fidelity of T2* mapping in the presence of field perturbations. It is an effective means of countering bulk susceptibility effects of breathing and hence holds particular promise for efforts to leverage high field for T2* studies in vivo.
An isogeometric analysis approach to gradient‐dependent plasticity
Authors: Kolo Isa , de Borst René
Published: July 2017

Gradient‐dependent plasticity can be used to achieve mesh‐objective results upon loss of well‐posedness of the initial/boundary value problem because of the introduction of strain softening, non‐associated flow, and geometric nonlinearity. A prominent class of gradient plasticity models considers a dependence of the yield strength on the Laplacian of the hardening parameter, usually an invariant of the plastic strain tensor. This inclusion causes the consistency condition to become a partial differential equation, in addition to the momentum balance. At the internal moving boundary, one has to impose appropriate boundary conditions on the hardening parameter or, equivalently, on the plastic multiplier. This internal boundary condition can be enforced without tracking the elastic‐plastic boundary by requiring
‐continuity with respect to the plastic multiplier. In this contribution, this continuity has been achieved by using nonuniform rational B‐splines as shape functions both for the plastic multiplier and for the displacements. One advantage of this isogeometric analysis approach is that the displacements can be interpolated one order higher, making it consistent with the interpolation of the plastic multiplier. This is different from previous approaches, which have been exploited. The regularising effect of gradient plasticity is shown for 1‐ and 2‐dimensional boundary value problems.
TRAP1 controls cell cycle G2–M transition through the regulation of CDK1 and MAD2 expression/ubiquitination
Authors: Sisinni Lorenza , Maddalena Francesca , Condelli Valentina , Pannone Giuseppe , Simeon Vittorio , Li Bergolis Valeria , Lopes Elvira , Piscazzi Annamaria , Matassa Danilo Swann , Mazzoccoli Carmela , Nozza Filomena , Lettini Giacomo , Amoroso Maria Rosaria , Bufo Pantaleo , Esposito Franca , Landriscina Matteo
Published: July 2017

Regulation of tumour cell proliferation by molecular chaperones is still a complex issue. Here, the role of the HSP90 molecular chaperone TRAP1 in cell cycle regulation was investigated in a wide range of human breast, colorectal, and lung carcinoma cell lines, and tumour specimens. TRAP1 modulates the expression and/or the ubiquitination of key cell cycle regulators through a dual mechanism: (i) transcriptional regulation of CDK1, CYCLIN B1, and MAD2, as suggested by gene expression profiling of TRAP1‐silenced breast carcinoma cells; and (ii) post‐transcriptional quality control of CDK1 and MAD2, being the ubiquitination of these two proteins enhanced upon TRAP1 down‐regulation. Mechanistically, TRAP1 quality control on CDK1 is crucial for its regulation of mitotic entry, since TRAP1 interacts with CDK1 and prevents CDK1 ubiquitination in cooperation with the proteasome regulatory particle TBP7, this representing the limiting factor in TRAP1 regulation of the G2–M transition. Indeed, TRAP1 silencing results in enhanced CDK1 ubiquitination, lack of nuclear translocation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complex, and increased MAD2 degradation, whereas CDK1 forced up‐regulation partially rescues low cyclin B1 and MAD2 levels and G2–M transit in a TRAP1‐poor background. Consistently, the CDK1 inhibitor RO‐3306 is less active in a TRAP1‐high background. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between TRAP1 and Ki67, CDK1 and/or MAD2 expression in breast, colorectal, and lung human tumour specimens. This study represents the first evidence that TRAP1 is relevant in the control of the complex machinery that governs cell cycle progression and mitotic entry and provides a strong rationale to regard TRAP1 as a biomarker to select tumours with deregulated cell cycle progression and thus likely poorly responsive to novel cell cycle inhibitors. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: challenging the 21 weeks' threshold
Authors: Enders M. , Daiminger A. , Exler S. , Enders G.
Published: July 2017

What's already known about this topic?

Current guidelines recommend performing amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of CMV infection not before 21 weeks' gestation and at least 6 weeks after maternal infection.

What does this study add?

Our data suggest that amniocentesis can be done before 21 weeks' gestation without significant loss of sensitivity. This has to be confirmed in a controlled study.

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structure, and photoreactions of fluorinated 2,11‐diaza[32]paracyclophane: Photochemical formation of cage‐diene type benzene dimer
Authors: Okamoto Hideki , Kozai Tetsuya , Okabayashi Zenji , Shinmyozu Teruo , Ota Hiromi , Amimoto Kiichi , Satake Kyosuke
Published: July 2017

An octafluorinated 2,11‐diaza[32]paracyclophane derivative 12 was prepared, and its photochemical reaction was investigated. Upon irradiation at 300 nm, the fluorinated azacyclophane 12 underwent efficient photodimerization of the benzene cores to afford the corresponding photoisomer 13, which possessed cage diene benzene dimer structure (pentacyclo[6.4.0.0.2,70.3,1206,9]dodeca‐4,10‐diene skeleton). The cage diene structure was established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The cage diene 13 thermally isomerized to a syn‐o,o′‐dibenzene isomer 22. The activation parameters for the thermal isomerization were determined to be Ea = 121 kJ mol−1, ΔH≠ = 118 kJ mol−1, ΔS≠(293 K) = 22 J mol−1 K−1, and ΔG≠(293 K) = 111 kJ mol−1. It was revealed that, by photoirradiation at 300 nm, the syn‐o,o′‐dibenzene isomer 22 underwent facile intramolecular [π4s + π4s] cycloaddition to reproduce the cage diene isomer 13.
Double Shock Experiments on PBX Explosive JOB‐9003
Authors: Zi Pandeng , Chen Jun , Zhang Rong , Zhong Bin , Zhang Xu
Published: July 2017

One‐dimensional plate impact experiments have been performed to study the double shocks to detonation transition and Hugoniot state in the HMX‐based explosive JOB‐9003. The flyer was a combination of sapphire and Kel‐F, which can pass two different pressure waves into PBX Explosive JOB‐9003 sample after the impact. The particle velocities at interface and different depths in the JOB‐9003 sample were measured with Al‐based electromagnetic particle velocity gauge technique, thus obtaining particle velocity‐time diagram. According to the diagram, the corresponding Hugoniot state can be determined based on the particle velocity and shock wave velocity in the sample. Comparing with sustained pulse experiments, PBX Explosive JOB‐9003 shows desensitization feature due to the pre‐pressed shock wave.
The growth of new extended carbon nanophases from ferrocene inside single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kuzmany Hans , Shi Lei , Kürti Jenő , Koltai János , Chuvilin Andrey , Saito Takeshi , Pichler Thomas
Published: July 2017

The Raman response of new structures grown after filling SWCNTs with ferrocene and transformation t moderate high temperatures is demonstrated to be very strong, even stronger than the response from the tubes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the new objects are flat and exhibit a structure similar to short fragments of nanoribbons. The growth process is controlled by two different activation energies for low and high transformation temperatures, respectively. Immediately after filling Raman pattern from a precursor molecule are detected. Two different types of nanoribbons were identified by selecting special laser energies for the Raman excitation. These ribbons have the signature of quaterrylene and terrylene, respectively.
Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for Autophagy Detection
Authors: Lin Yao‐Xin , Wang Yi , Wang Hao
Published: July 2017

Autophagy is closely related to various diseases, and is a diagnostic and therapeutic target for some diseases. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to develop excellent probes for detection of autophagy. Nanostructure‐based probes are interesting and promising approaches for in vivo biological imaging due to their unique structural and functional characteristics, e.g., modulating pharmacokinetics property by biocompatible coatings, multimodality capacity by delivering multiple imaging agents and highly specific targeting by antibody ligands. In this Review, we first introduce recent advancements in the development of nanostructure‐based probes for detection of autophagy, including inorganic hybrid nanomaterials and self‐assembled peptide polymeric nanoparticles. Meanwhile, a nanoprobe based on a “in vivo self‐assembly” strategy is highlighted. The “in vivo self‐assembly” endows nanoprobes with higher accumulation, and longer and better signal stability for in vivo detection of autophagy. Furthermore, this novel strategy could be widely used for biomedical imaging/diagnostics and therapeutics, which would attract more attention to this research area.
Behavior of ASTM 335 Grades during the Bending Test
Authors: Parezanović Ivana , Köster Aenne , Koka Ashraf
Published: July 2017

Three‐point bending test is a common test for the pipes produced according to ASTM 335. This standard defines the bending test only for certain geometries of pipe. Due to the fact that this test is more and more required and also for “not” in standard defined sizes, and only few practical, industrial experiences exist in this field, the aim of this work is to correlate some simulations with experimental results. Systematic investigations of the influence of mechanical properties and geometry of the seamless pipe are performed. The influence of the testing parameters during the bending is investigated as well and presented in this paper. It is found that strength level, that is, yield strength to tensile strength ratio, has a strong influence on the evolution of stresses during the bending. Geometry of the pipe, in the range of investigated sizes, has not a crucial influence but defines the outside/inside area, in other words a sensitivity of tested samples.
Social Network Challenges to Reducing Consumption: The Problem of Gift Giving
Authors: Lorenzen Janet A.
Published: July 2017

Social networks are typically associated with recruitment tactics. In this article, I offer an additional perspective on social networks as a constraint to social change and an under‐recognized challenge to reducing consumption. I draw on 45 interviews with: voluntary simplifiers, religious environmentalists, and green home owners. Informants, failing to withdraw from gift‐giving networks, instead (1) negotiate a reduction in gift giving, (2) green gift giving, and (3) attempt to transform gift giving into a tactic for lifestyle change. Rather than viewing social networks as channels for cultural cohesion, I argue that we need to better conceptualize the way culture and networks are co‐constituted by tactics of influence within areas of contention.
An integrated modeling approach for assessing management objectives for mule deer in central British Columbia
Authors: Hatter Ian W. , Dielman Patrick , Kuzyk Gerald W.
Published: July 2017

We used an integrated Bayesian state‐space population model to assess whether management objectives were met before (1995–2003), during (2004–2010), and after (2011–2013) antlerless permits to harvest mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were increased in response to stakeholder concerns in central British Columbia, Canada. Data inputs included 19 years of harvest data, 7 years of autumn age–sex composition data, 17 years of spring age–sex composition data, and 15 years of a population index. Management objectives were to maintain a spring population of 7,000–9,000 deer and a posthunt adult sex ratio of 20–30 males:100 females. An 8.5‐fold increase in antlerless permits raised the antlerless harvest rates from 1.0% (1995–2003) to 4.8% (2004–2010). Antlerless harvest rates decreased to 2.8% following a 53% decrease in permits from 2011 to 2013. Population projections from 2014 to 2018 fell within the bounds of the management objectives, but 95% credibility intervals revealed great uncertainty in population size and composition. We recommend a structured, adaptive approach to mule deer management that includes annual adjustment of harvests, monitoring, and modeling, with an open‐ended stakeholder engagement process to ensure objectives remain relevant, measurable, and achievable. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Les données métriques en anthropologie biologique : entre histoire et endommagement
Authors: Ardagna Y. , Fort A. , Sperendio E.
Published: July 2017

Les collections ostéologiques sont soumises depuis leur constitution à de nombreuses manipulations directement induites par le développement de l'ostéométrie et l'importance de la mesure dans les études anthropologiques. La répétition par des générations de chercheurs des mêmes mesures sur les mêmes séries a irrémédiablement laissé des traces sur de nombreux restes osseux. Cette note vise à établir un constat des dommages observés dans les collections ostéologiques et à ouvrir la réflexion sur l'avenir de l'ostéométrie. L'anthropologie doit trouver un compromis entre exploitation scientifique et patrimonialisation.
Pro-arrhythmogenic Effects of the V141M KCNQ1 Mutation in Short QT Syndrome and Its Potential Therapeutic Targets: Insights from Modeling
Authors: Lee Hsiang-Chun , Rudy Yoram , Liang Hongwu , Chen Chih-Chieh , Luo Ching-Hsing , Sheu Sheng-Hsiung , Cui Jianmin
Published: July 2017

Gain-of-function mutations in the pore-forming subunit of IKs channels, KCNQ1, lead to short QT syndrome (SQTS) and lethal arrhythmias. However, how mutant IKs channels cause SQTS and the possibility of IKs-specific pharmacological treatment remain unclear. V141M KCNQ1 is a SQTS associated mutation. We studied its effect on IKs gating properties and changes in the action potentials (AP) of human ventricular myocytes. Xenopus oocytes were used to study the gating mechanisms of expressed V141M KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels. Computational models were used to simulate human APs in endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial ventricular myocytes with and without β-adrenergic stimulation. V141M KCNQ1 caused a gain-of-function in IKs characterized by increased current density, faster activation, and slower deactivation leading to IKs accumulation. V141M KCNQ1 also caused a leftward shift of the conductance-voltage curve compared to wild type (WT) IKs (V1/2 = 33.6 ± 4.0 mV for WT, and 24.0 ± 1.3 mV for heterozygous V141M). A Markov model of heterozygous V141M mutant IKs was developed and incorporated into the O’Hara–Rudy model. Compared to the WT, AP simulations demonstrated marked rate-dependent shortening of AP duration (APD) for V141M, predicting a SQTS phenotype. Transmural electrical heterogeneity was enhanced in heterozygous V141M AP simulations, especially under β-adrenergic stimulation. Computational simulations identified specific IK1 blockade as a beneficial pharmacologic target for reducing the transmural APD heterogeneity associated with V141M KCNQ1 mutation. V141M KCNQ1 mutation shortens ventricular APs and enhances transmural APD heterogeneity under β-adrenergic stimulation. Computational simulations identified IK1 blockers as a potential antiarrhythmic drug of choice for SQTS.
The determinants of voting in multilateral bargaining games
Authors: Fréchette Guillaume R. , Vespa Emanuel
Published: July 2017

Models of multilateral bargaining predict that agents would vote solely based on the share they are offered and that their vote is determined by whether that share is at least as high as the continuation value (CV) of the game. The standard experiment investigating behavior in multilateral bargaining is not well designed to determine if that is the case. Our experiment makes three changes to the typical design: it introduces substantial variation in the CV (using a within-subjects design and varying the discount factor), it generates variability in offers using computer-generated offers while retaining the equilibrium of the original game, and it uses belief elicitation. These changes allow us to consider whether behavioral voting rules that are independent of the CV or factors besides one’s own share are important to voting decisions. We find that the main determinant of votes is the share one is offered, but that when offers are believed to come from another participant, a proposal is less likely to be approved if the proposer tries to take a lot for himself. Nonetheless, the equilibrium voting rule, which is based on the CV of the game organizes choices better than behavioral rules that are independent of the CV.
Assessment of fistulectomy combined with sphincteroplasty in the treatment of complicated anal fistula
Authors: Anaraki Fakhrolsadat , Etemad Omid , Abdi Elham , Bagherzadeh Gholamreza , Behboo Roubik
Published: July 2017

Introduction The ideal method of treating the complex anal fistula is to eradicate the sepsis and preserve the anal sphincter; since there is no definite consensus on the surgical method of treating it. Recent studies show that fistulectomy and immediate sphincteroplasy are a safe and appropriate way to treat the fistula-in-ano. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term outcomes of fistulectmy and sphincteroplasty in the treatment of complex perianal fistula.

Methods In this prospective study, we have analyzed the data of 80 patients who underwent fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty from May 2013 to May 2016. Preoperative information included physical examination, preoperative fecal incontinence evaluation and taking a complete history about underlying diseases and past related surgeries were collected.

Results Of all 80 patients with complex fistula, 57.5% (46 patients) were male. 70-Patients were presented with high transsphincteric fistula (87.5%) and anterior fistula was diagnosed in 10 of them (12.5%). 9 patients (11.3%) suffered from hypertension and 43 patients (53.75%) had recurrent fistula after previous surgeries. During the follow-up period, the overall success rate was 98.8% (98.8%) and fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty failed in only one patient (failure rate: 1.3%). preoperative and post-operative scoring showed mild fecal incontinence in 8 patients (10%). We have found no significant relation between the age, gender, hypertension, previous surgery and post-operative recurrence.

Conclusion Fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty is a safe surgical procedure in the treatment of anterior anal fistula in females and high transsphincteric fistulas.
Bartolomeo Cristofori and the Invention of the Piano
Authors: Pollens Stewart
Published: July 2017

This is the first comprehensive study of the life and work of Bartolomeo Cristofori, the Paduan-born harpsichord maker and contemporary of Antonio Stradivari, who is credited with having invented the pianoforte around the year 1700 while working in the Medici court in Florence. Through thorough analysis of documents preserved in the State Archive of Florence, Pollens has reconstructed, in unprecedented technical detail, Cristofori's working life between his arrival in Florence in 1688 and his death in 1732. This book will be of interest to pianists, historians of the piano, musicologists, museum curators and conservators, as well as keyboard instrument makers, restorers, and tuners.
Stick to the plan? Culture, interests, multidimensional threats, and Italian defence policy
Authors: Ceccorulli Michela , Coticchia Fabrizio
Published: July 2017

The international context seems to be increasingly exposed to multidimensional and transnational challenges, ranging from irregular migration and piracy to the violation of basic human rights. Rather than excluding a potential role for the military, many European states rely on it to face a complex security scenario. What are the reasons behind this activism? Taking Italy as a case study, this article works out two main arguments (ideational factors and interests relating to the so-called military–industrial complex) and tries to intercept their weight in the national debate leading to the decision to intervene militarily (or not) in Sri Lanka (2004–05), Haiti (2010), and in the Central Mediterranean (2015–). Ultimately, this effort contributes to understanding the role of the military instrument in Italy, a state particularly exposed to the new challenges ahead, and offers tools for research to be potentially applied in other countries that make similar use of armed forces to deal with non-conventional security threats.
The alleged consensus: Italian elites and publics on foreign policy
Authors: Olmastroni Francesco
Published: July 2017

The article compares the way Italian (governmental and political) elites and (organized and general) publics perceive the international system and conceive of the role of Italy in it by using anad hocsurvey conducted specifically for this study. In order to establish whether a horizontal (left-right) and vertical (top-down) consensus exists on foreign policy, special attention has been paid to divergence and convergence patterns in terms of threat perception, feelings towards the (American and European) allies, support for the main institutional mechanisms of coordination and cooperation, and willingness to use military power to defend the constituted order and the national interest, while controlling for the position and level of action of each actor within the foreign policy-making process as well as her or his ideological orientation. While tracing elites’ and publics’ attitudes towards a wide range of foreign policy and security issues, the article reveals the effect of ideological and situational factors on the strategic preferences of national policy-makers and public opinion. In doing this, it contributes to define both the substance and boundaries of the alleged consensus, based on shared norms and historical legacies, supposedly overcoming socio-economic and political cleavages in matters of foreign policy.