bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peristomal Necrosis Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: van Kessel Charlotte S. , Mendes Colleen , Young Christopher J.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:

Peristomal necrosis is a rare but challenging condition requiring multidisciplinary management involving surgical debridement and intensive WOC nurse management.

CASE:

Mr T was a 56-year-old man who underwent cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy for a high-grade appendiceal neoplasm. As part of the procedure, an Abcarian stoma (end-ileostomy with a distal lumen from the transverse colon brought out flush with skin beside the proximal stoma) was created. Postoperatively there was leakage of effluent under the subcutaneous skin resulting in full-thickness necrosis of the peristomal area requiring surgical debridement. Consequently, a large peristomal skin defect occurred, resulting in difficulty achieving a good seal of the ostomy pouching system. To overcome these challenges, a multidisciplinary approach with WOC nurses, colorectal surgeons, and plastic surgeons was implemented. Initially, the defect was managed with a negative pressure wound therapy system, followed by a primary closure of the peristomal skin by the plastic surgeons. Mr T was discharged to home 58 days after his initial surgery; by that time, the peristomal skin was healed and he was able to manage ostomy pouching changes independently. Eight months later his ileostomy was successfully reversed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Large peristomal defects are challenging but can be managed successfully via a multidisciplinary approach including WOC nurses, colorectal surgeons, and plastic surgeons.
Preventive Nail Care Among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Williams O'Braint ZaKeia , Stepter Catherine R. , Lambert Brandi
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to increase adherence to follow-up appointments in patients with diabetes mellitus for prevention of diabetic foot ulcers.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:

The sample comprised 33 adults with diabetes mellitus being cared for at an outpatient wound care clinic affiliated with a large metropolitan hospital in the state of Mississippi, located in the Southern United States.

APPROACH:

This quality improvement approach used the Plan-Do-Study-Act method. Educational flyers and verbal instruction were provided to enhance adherence to preventive nail care and follow-up appointments. The goal for this quality improvement initiative was to increase adherence with preventive nail care and follow-up care.

OUTCOMES:

Participants were provided with educational flyers and verbal instruction that emphasized the importance of follow-up clinic appointments, which promoted increased attendance at follow-up appointments. The proportion of patients who did not attend follow-up appointments fell from 9.2% prior to the intervention to 5.8% after its introduction.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:

This quality improvement initiative positively impacted practice at a local wound care clinic in Mississippi resulting in a clinically relevant reduction in no-show follow-up visits when compared to the previous year.
Prevalence of Friction Skin Injury on the Buttocks and/or Posterior Thighs in an Acute Care Setting
Authors: Berke Christine Thies
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE:

The prevalence of friction skin injury (FcI) in an acute care hospital was evaluated as part of a quality improvement initiative.

PARTICIPANTS/SETTING:

The setting for this quality improvement project was an academic medical center with 728 licensed beds in the central plains of the United States. Data were collected by 33 clinicians: 28 were RN staff members and 5 were patient care technicians. Six of the 28 nurses (21%) were board-certified wound nurses and 2 (7%) were in training but not yet certified. Prevalence data were collected on 354 hospitalized patients.

APPROACH:

Friction skin injuries were measured in conjunction with the institution's quarterly skin survey for the NDNQI PUPS (National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Survey) in August 2019. The prevalence of FcI was calculated using the number of patients with FcI divided by the total number of patients surveyed.

OUTCOMES:

Three hundred fifty-four patients completed the survey in this PUPS; FcI was diagnosed in 8 patients, yielding a prevalence rate of 2.3%. Clinical manifestations of FcI such as lichenification, skin/soft tissue discoloration, skin/soft tissue deformation and/or callus formation, and skin ulceration were also documented. In addition, a majority of patients with FcI were found to have fecal or urinary incontinence (n = 5/8, 63%; 2 had both fecal and urinary incontinence, 25%). Braden Scale for Pressure Sore Risk subscales scores were analyzed; the mean subscale score for moisture was 3.4; the mean subscale score for friction/shear was 1.4; the mean subscale score for activity was 2.6; and the mean subscale score for mobility was 2.9.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:

To the best of my knowledge, this is the first published article documenting FcI prevalence in any care setting. Additional prevalence studies are needed to establish the epidemiology of FcI across care settings and in the community.
Reducing Mask-Related Pressure Injuries in Pediatric Patients During Noninvasive Ventilation by Targeting Patient Mask Leak
Authors: Lauderbaugh Denise L. , Popien Toni L. , Lesser Daniel J. , Bhattacharjee Rakesh , Pfrommer Puleo Cheryl
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE:

To compare outcomes following implementation of patient mask leak range of 25 to 55 liters per minute (lpm) to guide strap tension of sleep masks during noninvasive ventilation against baseline data with no patient mask leak range on number of noninvasive mask-related pressure injuries (PIs).

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:

All noninvasively ventilated pediatric acute care patients admitted to general wards and intensive care units between February 1, 2018, and February 1, 2019, in a quaternary hospital in the southwest United States.

APPROACH:

Using the Plan Do Study Act model, we employed an intervention to examine the rate of PIs per noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) days and patient-days before and after implementation of patient mask leak parameters between 25 and 55 lpm to guide mask strap tension. Since patients are at an increased risk of sleep mask-related PIs only when on NIPPV, we sought to describe that as number or PIs per number of days at risk, described as NIPPV days, and patient days which is the traditional denominator for wounds and hospital-acquired conditions.

OUTCOMES:

Preintervention, 6 out of 115 subjects (5.2 %) incurred PI at a rate of 0.51 per 100 NIPPV days or 0.26 per 1000 patient-days. Of the 1932 NIPPV days since education was completed, only 1 subject out of 87 (1.1%) incurred a high-stage PI (0.05/100 NIPPV days—a 96.79% reduction or 0.05/1000 patient-days—a 92.86% reduction). Upon reaching more than 90% compliance with patient mask leak range in December 2018, 1221 NIPPV days resulted in 0 noninvasive mask-related PIs. Greater than 90% compliance with a patient mask leak of 25 to 55 lpm allowed us to successfully achieve our hospital's operating plan goal of 0.15 of 1000 patient-days within this group.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:

Maintaining a patient mask leak range between 25 and 55 lpm should be considered as part of proper fit for pediatric patients using NIPPV with a mask. Additional work is needed to assess this leak range in more children and in studies conducted at multiple sites.
Variance-based sensitivity analysis of tuberculosis transmission models
Authors: Sumner Tom , White Richard G.
Published: November 2022

Mathematical models are widely used to provide evidence to inform policies for tuberculosis (TB) control. These models contain many sources of input uncertainty including the choice of model structure, parameter values and input data. Quantifying the role of these different sources of input uncertainty on the model outputs is important for understanding model dynamics and improving evidence for policy making. In this paper, we applied the Sobol sensitivity analysis method to a TB transmission model used to simulate the effects of a hypothetical population-wide screening strategy. We demonstrated how the method can be used to quantify the importance of both model parameters and model structure and how the analysis can be conducted on groups of inputs. Uncertainty in the model outputs was dominated by uncertainty in the intervention parameters. The important inputs were context dependent, depending on the setting, time horizon and outcome measure considered. In particular, the choice of model structure had an increasing effect on output uncertainty in high TB incidence settings. Grouping inputs identified the same influential inputs. Wider use of the Sobol method could inform ongoing development of infectious disease models and improve the use of modelling evidence in decision making.
Epidemiology of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Brunei Darussalam: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chaw Liling , Salleh Lena Mat , Hamid Rafizah Abdul , Thu Kyaw
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We reported the incidence and associated factors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Brunei Darussalam, an intermediate tuberculosis (TB)-burden country with stagnating annual TB rates.

Participants

All active TB cases identified in the country between January 2001 and December 2018 (18 years)

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Annual proportions of EPTB (overall and specific) were calculated. Multiple logistic regression was done to investigate factors associated with developing EPTB, when compared to pulmonary TB (PTB). Chi-square trend test was used to determine any trends during the 18-year study period.

Results

We identified 3,916 TB cases, among which 743 (19.0%) were EPTB cases. Lymphatic (44.8%) and pleural (19.4%) EPTB were most common. The main modes of diagnosis were tissue biopsy (73.6%) and radiologic assessment (18.3%). Treatment success and mortality rate were 79.7% and 7.0%, respectively. Associations with specific EPTB types varies with age-group and gender. Younger age-group (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] ≥1.94) and females (aOR: 2.45 [95%CI: 1.94,3.11]) had higher adjusted odds of developing lymphatic EPTB, but had lower adjusted odds of developing pleural EPTB [younger age-group (aOR ≤0.54) and female (aOR: 0.41 [95%CI: 0.17,0.90])]. When compared to foreign residents, locals had higher adjusted odds of skeletal (aOR: 4.44 [95%CI: 2.04,11.69]), gastrointestinal (aOR: 3.91 [95%CI: 1.84,9.66]) and other types of EPTB (aOR: 3.42 [95%CI: 1.53,9.14]). No significant trend differences were observed for overall and specific EPTB types.

Conclusion

Despite being generally non-infectious and less recognised than PTB, understanding EPTB epidemiology is important as it also contributes to the overall TB burden in a country. Examining EPTB cases by their specific anatomical site would provide more information on risk factors. Raising public awareness on the EPTB symptoms and that TB affects lungs and other parts of the body could promote early health seeking behaviour and early EPTB diagnosis.

Strengths and limitations of this study

- We analysed TB case notification data, retrospectively collected as part of the national TB surveillance programme.

- The main study strength is the length of the study period (18 years) and that all notified TB cases in the country were captured in this dataset.

- Study limitations include the inability to distinguish between PTB cases with only lung involvement and those with miliary TB and/or concurrent PTB and EPTB, and also the inability to include data on co-morbidities.
Massively parallel single-cell sequencing of genetic loci in diverse microbial populations
Authors: Lan Freeman , Saba Jason , Ross Tyler D , Zhou Zhichao , Krauska Katie , Anantharaman Karthik , Landick Robert , Venturelli Ophelia
Published: November 2022

Single cell genetic heterogeneity is ubiquitous in microbial populations and an important aspect of microbial biology. However, we lack a broadly applicable and accessible method to study this heterogeneity at the single cell level. Here, we introduce a simple, robust, and generalizable platform for quantitative and massively parallel single cell sequencing of target genetic loci in microbes using ultrahigh-throughput droplet microfluidics (Droplet Targeted Amplicon Sequencing or DoTA-seq). Using DoTA-seq, we elucidate the highly diverse single cell ON/OFF states of the phase-variable capsule synthesis operons in the prevalent human gut speciesBacteroides fragilis. In addition, we quantify the shifts in antibiotic resistance gene abundances in different species in a 25 member human gut microbial community in response to antibiotics. By sequencing tens of thousands of single-cells derived from a human fecal sample, we identify links between plasmid replicons and the taxonomic lineages of their associated hosts. In sum, DoTA-seq is an accessible and broadly applicable tool for profiling single-cell genetic variation in microbiomes.
Precision super-resolution cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy for rapidin situstructural analyses of optogenetically-positioned organelles
Authors: Redpath G.M.I. , Rae J. , Yao Y. , Ruan J. , Cagigas M.L. , Whan R. , Hardeman E.C. , Gunning P.W. , Ananthanarayanan V. , Parton R.G. , Ariotti N.A.
Published: November 2022

Unambiguous targeting of cellular structures forin situcryo-electron microscopy in the heterogeneous, dense, and compacted environment of the cytoplasm remains challenging. Here we have developed a novel cryogenic correlative light and electron microscopy (cryo-CLEM) workflow which combines thin cells grown on a mechanically defined substratum to rapidly analyse organelles and macromolecular complexes in the cell by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). We coupled these advancements with optogenetics to redistribute perinuclear-localised organelles to the cell periphery for cryo-ET. This reliable and robust workflow allows for fastin situanalyses without the requirement for cryo-focused ion beam milling. We have developed a protocol where cells can be frozen, imaged by cryo-fluorescence microscopy and ready for batch cryo-ET within a day.
Increased Pyramidal and VIP Neuronal Excitability in Primary Auditory Cortex Directly Correlates with Tinnitus Behavior
Authors: Ghimire Madan , Cai Rui , Ling Lynne , Brownell Kevin A. , Hackett Troy A. , Llano Daniel A. , Caspary Donald M.
Published: November 2022

Tinnitus affects roughly 15-20% of the population while severely impacting 10% of those afflicted. Tinnitus pathology is multifactorial, generally initiated by damage to the auditory periphery, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive plastic changes at multiple levels of the central auditory neuraxis as well as limbic and non-auditory cortical centers. Using a well-established condition-suppression model of tinnitus, we measured tinnitus-related changes in the microcircuits of excitatory/inhibitory neurons onto layer 5 pyramidal neurons (PNs), as well as changes in the excitability of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1). Patch-clamp recordings from PNs in A1 slices showed tinnitus-related increases in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and decreases in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). Both measures were directly correlated to the rat’s behavioral evidence of tinnitus. Tinnitus-related changes in PN excitability were independent of changes in A1 excitatory or inhibitory cell numbers. VIP neurons, part of an A1 local circuit that can disinhibit layer 5 PNs, showed significant tinnitus-related increases in excitability that directly correlated with the rat’s behavioral tinnitus score. That PN and VIP changes directly correlated to tinnitus behavior, suggests an essential role in A1 tinnitus pathology. Tinnitus-related A1 changes were similar to findings in studies of neuropathic pain in somatosensory cortex suggesting a common pathology of these troublesome perceptual impairments. Improved understanding between excitatory, inhibitory and disinhibitory sensory cortical circuits can serve as a model for testing therapeutic approaches to the treatment of tinnitus and chronic pain.

Key points

Identify tinnitus-related changes in synaptic function of specific neuronal subtypes in a reliable animal model of tinnitus.

Finding show direct and indirect tinnitus-related losses of normal inhibitory function at A1 layer 5 pyramidal cells, and increased VIP excitability.

Findings are similar to what has been shown for neuropathic pain suggesting that restoring normal inhibitory function at synaptic inputs onto A1 pyramidal neurons could conceptually reduce tinnitus discomfort.
A new means of energy supply driven by terahertz photons recovers related neural activity
Authors: Tan Xiaoxuan
Published: November 2022

Continuous and efficient energy capture represents a long-sought dream of mankind. The brain is a major energy consuming organ, an adult brain accounts for about 2% of the body weight but consumes about 20% of the body’s energy. However, it is still unclear how the brain achieve efficient use of energy. Here, using nerve cells as test subjects, we found that THz photons with a specific frequency can effectively restore the reduced frequency of action potentials caused by inadequate adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) supply, which has been demonstrated as a novel mode of energy supply, present photons emission at a particular frequency from the breaking of the ATP phosphate bond. This energy supply mechanism may play a key biophysical basis for explaining how the body efficiently obtain energy, because the quantized chemical reactions could have a high energy efficiency and ultrahigh selectivity compared with the traditional thermochemistry and photochemistry.
Notch engagement by Jag1 nanoscale clusters indicates a force-independent mode of activation
Authors: Smyrlaki Ioanna , Fördös Ferenc , Lago Iris Rocamonde , Wang Yang , Lentini Antonio , Luca Vincent C. , Reinius Björn , Teixeira Ana I. , Högberg Björn
Published: November 2022

The Notch signaling pathway is a cell-cell communication system with fundamental roles in embryonic development and the nervous system. The model of Notch receptor activation that is currently most accepted, involves a force-induced conformation change at the negative regulatory region of the receptor, the subsequent recruitment of ADAM metalloproteases and a cleavage cascade that releases the Notch intracellular domain. Here, we define conditions that enable force-independent Notch activation through the formation of soluble, long-lived, multivalent ligand-receptor complexes. To investigate how ligand valency affects activation of Notch receptors, we treated iPSc-derived neuroepithelial stem-like (lt-NES) cells with different spatially defined, molecularly precise ligand nanopatterns on DNA origami nanostructures. Our data indicate that Notch signaling is activated via stimulation with multivalent clusters of the ligand Jag1, and even multivalent chimeric structures where some Jag1 proteins are replaced by other binders that do not target Notch. The findings are corroborated by systematic elimination, through experimental control, of several confounding factors that potentially could generate forces, including electrostatic interactions, endocytosis and non-specific binding. Taken together, our data suggest a model where Jag1 ligands are able to activate Notch receptors upon prolonged binding, which subsequently triggers downstream signaling in a force independent manner. These findings reveal a distinct mode of activation of Notch and could lay the foundation for the development of soluble Notch agonists that currently remain elusive.
Oct4:Sox2 binding is essential for establishing but not maintaining active and silent states of dynamically regulated genes in pluripotent cells
Authors: Lo Jerry Hung-Hao , Edwards Miguel , Langerman Justin , Sridharan Rupa , Plath Kathrin , Smale Stephen T.
Published: November 2022

Much has been learned about the mechanisms of action of pluripotency factors Oct4 and Sox2. However, as with other regulators of cell identity, little is known about the impact of disrupting their binding motifs in a native environment or the characteristics of genes they regulate. By quantitatively examining dynamic ranges of gene expression instead of focusing on conventional measures of differential expression, we found that Oct4 and Sox2 enhancer binding is strongly enriched near genes subject to large dynamic ranges of expression among cell types, with binding sites near these genes usually within superenhancers. Mutagenesis of representative Oct4:Sox2 motifs near such active, dynamically regulated genes revealed critical roles in transcriptional activation during reprogramming, with more limited roles in transcriptional maintenance in the pluripotent state. Furthermore, representative motifs near silent genes were critical for establishing but not maintaining the fully silent state, while genes whose transcript levels varied by smaller magnitudes among cell types were unaffected by nearby Oct4:Sox2 motifs. These results suggest that Oct4 and Sox2 directly establish both active and silent transcriptional states in pluripotent cells at a large number of genes subject to dynamic regulation during mammalian development, but are less important than expected for maintaining transcriptional states.
Toward acceptance of future foods: the role of trust and perception in consumption intentions of plant-based meat alternatives
Authors: Begho Toritseju , Odeniyi Kehinde , Fadare Olusegun
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Future foods such as plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA) are a means to achieving a more sustainable food system. However, there is a gap in what is known about PBMA from the consumer side, considering it is a relatively new food. Therefore, the paper aims to examine whether trust and perception could explain the intention to consume PBMA among Chinese adults.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper elicited the level of trust and perceptions related to PBMA. Then logistic regressions and mediation analysis were estimated to determine the associations between consumption intentions towards PBMA and a range of trust and perception variables.

Findings

The results indicate that most respondents trust food safety regulators and the labelling and composition standards. A comparison of the perception of meat and PBMA revealed that the majority of respondents perceive meat as tastier than PBMA while PBMA as being better for the environment. Regarding the effect of trust and perception on consumption intention, respondents that perceive PBMA as being better for the environment and having lower food safety risks are more likely to eat PBMA. Also, consumption intentions for PBMA are higher among respondents who trust safety regulators and independent promoters.

Practical implications

The finding on both the intention to try and the potential for sustained consumption is a prerequisite to predicting future demand. These findings are also crucial to guiding market orientation.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on drivers/barriers of consumer consumption intention – a shift from studies which examine product attributes and sensory or marketing determinants of consumption decisions.
The co-movement effect of managers' psychological factors on the BIM adoption decision in SMEs: a study based on fsQCA
Authors: Li Rui , Niu Zhanwen , Liu Chaochao , Wu Bei
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Given the complexity of building information modeling (BIM) adoption decisions in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, understanding BIM adoption decision-making through the net effect of a single factor on BIM adoption decisions alone is limited. Therefore, this paper analyzed the co-movement effect of managers' psychological factors on the BIM adoption decisions from the perspective of managers' perceptions. The purpose is to let managers have a deep understanding of their BIM adoption decisions, and put forward targeted suggestions for the AEC industry to promote the adoption of BIM by SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 192 managers in SMEs collected by the questionnaire were used in a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Due to the limitations of fsQCA in making the best use of the data used, as a complement to fsQCA, necessary conditions analysis (NCA) was used to analyze the extent to which necessary conditions influenced the outcome.

Findings

(1) NCA analysis shows that high perceived resource availability (PRA) and high performance expectancy (PE) are necessary conditions for high BIM adoption intention (AI). (2) fsQCA analysis shows that high PE is the single core condition for high AI. fsQCA analysis identifies three configurations of managers' psychological factors, reflecting three types of managers' decision preferences, namely benefit preference, loss aversion and risk avoidance, respectively. Different decision preferences may lead to different BIM adoption strategies, such as full in-house use, partial in-house/outsourcing and full outsourcing of BIM processes. (3) High perceived risk (PR) and low perceived business value of BIM (PBV) are the core conditions for low AI.

Originality/value

This paper expands on the application of fsQCA to context of BIM adoption decisions. Based on the results of fsQCA analysis, this paper also establishes the relationship between managers' decision-making psychology and BIM adoption strategy choice and analyzes the impact of different decision biases on BIM adoption strategy choice. It concludes with suggestions for encouraging managers to adopt BIM and for avoiding decision-making bias.
Toward an integrated model for the antecedents and consequences of AIS usage at the organizational level
Authors: Al-Okaily Manaf
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to test the antecedent factors that directly influence accounting information systems (AIS) usage, which, in turn, affects net benefits of AIS usage, drawing upon the technology acceptance model (TAM) in the context of Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the suggested research model, an online questionnaire was employed to collect data from 213 owners in Jordanian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The data were analyzed utilizing bootstrapped procedure by the partial least Squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Out of ten postulated hypotheses, eight were accepted. Mainly, the empirical outcomes confirm the suggested hypotheses that the perceived usefulness (PUS) of AIS is positively and significantly impacted by perceived convenience (PCN) and perceived ease of use (PEU). Besides, the outcomes confirm that AIS usage is significantly influenced by PUS, PEU and perceived compatibility (PCM). Finally, the net benefits of AIS are positively influenced by AIS usage and information technology (IT) knowledge, whereby it was revealed that IT knowledge has a direct and indirect effect.

Originality/value

This study addresses a vital research gap in the literature by suggesting a comprehensive research model that can help garner enhanced usage of an AIS to obtain a better achievement among Jordanian SMEs performance.
Towards achieving SDGs through integrated reporting in Malaysian public universities
Authors: Mohammed Nor Farizal , Mahmud Radziah , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Mohamed Norhayati
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The recent development in integrated reporting () demonstrated a potential government tool for decision-making in allocating resources and developing sustainable policies for higher education institutions. This paper aims to examine the extent of the disclosure level of  content elements in the annual reports of Malaysian Public Universities (MPUs). Additionally, the relationship between the disclosure level of  content elements and the specific characteristics of MPUs is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

The study performed descriptive statistics analysis for each component of  content elements. This idea is achieved by examining the annual reports of MPUs between 2016 and 2018. The relationship was also investigated using ordinary least squares, fixed effect and lagged models.

Findings

The findings showed an increasing trend in the disclosure level of  content elements in MPUs’ annual reports, supported by institutional theory. Furthermore, RUs exhibited a significant positive relationship with the disclosure level of  content elements, whereas university size and report conciseness are insignificant variables.

Originality/value

The study adds to the body of knowledge in public sector accounting and has significant implications in the industry. This implication is specific to achieving sustainable development goals within the context of a developing country, paving avenues for further MPU reporting studies.
Making better IS security investment decisions: discovering the cost of data breach announcements during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dong Tianxi , Zhu Suning , Oliveira Mauro , Luo Xin (Robert)
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Stock price reactions have often been used to evaluate the cost of data breaches in the current information systems (IS) security literature. To further this line of research, this study examines the impact of data breaches on stock returns, information asymmetry and unsystematic firm risk in the context of COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper employs an event study methodology and examines data breach events released in public databases, spanning pre- and post-COVID settings. This study investigated 283 data breaches of the US publicly traded firms, and the economic cost was measured by cumulative abnormal returns (CARs), trading volume, bid-ask spread and unsystematic risk.

Findings

The authors observe that data breaches during the COVID pandemic make investors react more negatively to data breach announcements, as reflected in the significantly negative difference in CARs between breached firms before COVID and those after COVID. The findings also indicate that, after the disclosure of data breach incidents, information asymmetry is reduced to a lesser extent compared with that in the pre-COVID setting. The authors also find that data breach events lead to an increase in the unsystematic risk of breached companies in the pre-COVID era but no change in the post-COVID era.

Originality/value

This study is the first effort to examine the economic consequences of data breaches by investigating the effects in the form of trading activities and risk measurement in the COVID setting.
Post-disaster tourism development and scenario planning for the quality of life of residents
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cheng Li
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the influence of postdisaster tourism development on the objective quality of life (QoL) of residents in Wenchuan County, simulate the long-run trend of postdisaster tourism development and QoL based on three proposed policy scenarios and formulate some practical suggestions to promote sustainable tourism development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the system dynamic approach to develop a system dynamics (SD) model called “tourism–economy–environment–living” (TEEL) by using four subsystems: “the economic subsystem,” “the tourism subsystem,” “the environmental subsystem” and “the living subsystem.”

Findings

The results show that the influence of postdisaster tourism development on QoL is complex. Based on Butler’s destination life cycle theory, the influence of postdisaster tourism on objective QoL exhibits a nonlinear change closely tied to the development stages of tourist destinations. It showed that the QoL index increased after an initial decrease in the early stage (2009–2013) and then decreased in the later stage (2013–2019). Simulations of TEEL based on three different scenarios show that the current development path of tourism development is not ideal. The synergy scenario, highlighting the importance of the harmonious development of the TEEL, is the optimal scenario.

Originality/value

This study fills the gap in the literature on the influence of postdisaster tourism development on objective QoL from the perspective of SD. Modeling tourism development and objective QoL will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of whether and how tourism development can enhance residents’ QoL in disaster-affected areas.
Stable landings mask irreversible community reorganizations in an overexploited Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Sguotti Camilla , Bischoff Aurelia , Conversi Alessandra , Mazzoldi Carlotta , Möllmann Christian , Barausse Alberto
Published: November 2022

Cumulative human pressures and climate change can induce nonlinear discontinuous dynamics in ecosystems, known as regime shifts. Regime shifts typically imply hysteresis, a lacking or delayed system response when pressures are reverted, which can frustrate restoration efforts.

Here, we investigate whether the northern Adriatic Sea fish and macroinvertebrate community, as depicted by commercial fishery landings, has undergone regime shifts over the last 40 years, and the reversibility of such changes.

We use a stochastic cusp model to show that, under the interactive effect of fishing pressure and water warming, the community reorganized through discontinuous changes.

We found that part of the community has now reached a new stable state, implying that a recovery towards previous baselines might be impossible. Interestingly, total landings remained constant across decades, masking the low resilience of the community.

Our study reveals the importance of carefully assessing regime shifts and resilience in marine ecosystems under cumulative pressures and advocates for their inclusion into management.
Amnion membranes support wound granulation in a delayed murine excisional wound model
Authors: Dolivo David , Xie Ping , Sun Lauren , Hou Chun , Phipps Abigail , Mustoe Thomas A. , Hong Seok Jong , Galiano Robert D.
Published: November 2022

Chronic or delayed healing wounds constitute an ever‐increasing burden on healthcare providers and patients alike. Thus, therapeutic modalities that are tailored to particular deficiencies in the delayed wound healing response are of critical importance to improve clinical outcomes. Human amnion‐derived viable and devitalized allografts have demonstrated clinical efficacy in promoting the closure of delayed healing wounds, but the mechanisms responsible for this efficacy and the specific wound healing processes modulated by these tissues are not fully understood. Here, we utilized a diabetic murine excisional wound model in which healing is driven by granulation and re‐epithelialization, and we applied viable (vHAMA) or devitalized (dHAMA) amnion‐derived allografts to the wound bed in order to determine their effects on wound healing processes. Compared to control wounds that were allowed to heal in the absence of treatment, wounds to which vHAMA or dHAMA were applied demonstrated enhanced deposition of granulation tissue accompanied by increased cellular proliferation and increased de novo angiogenesis, while vHAMA‐treated wounds also demonstrated accelerated re‐epithelialization. Taken together, these data suggest that both vHAMA and dHAMA facilitate wound healing through promoting processes critical to granulation tissue formation. Further understanding of the cellular and tissue mechanisms underlying the effects of tissue‐derived matrices on wound healing will enable tailored prescription of their use in order to maximize clinical benefit.
Clinicians and supervisors' experiences with developing practices of open dialogue in network meetings in public mental health services
Authors: Jacobsen Ritva Kyrrø , Karlsson Bengt , Grov Ellen Karine
Published: November 2022

Open Dialogue is a dialogical approach focusing on the perspectives of patients and their social networks on treatment and recovery processes. As part of a larger research project, this prospective cohort study explores what promotes and hinders the development of Open Dialogue in network meetings (ODNM) based on the experiences of thirty‐seven clinicians and seven supervisors. Multistage focus group interviews were used to collect data and were analysed thematically. We generated two main themes: (1) togetherness and isolation and (2) challenging and evolving. The findings show that ODNM can be developed in public mental healthcare, but this leads to both challenges and opportunities at the organisational level, such as conflicting perspectives, the difficulty of maintaining interest in ODNM, the need for committed and involved leaders, and the growing change in the traditional view of treatment, which has made clinicians collaborate more with patients and their relatives.
Reducing day‐level emotional exhaustion: The complementary role of high involvement work systems and engaging leadership
Authors: Kilroy Steven , Fu Na , Bosak Janine , Hayes Richard , Schaufeli Wilmar
Published: November 2022

High involvement work systems (HIWS) have been found to be improve employee well‐being. The underlying processes through which HIWS influence employee well‐being and the conditions under which these practices work are not fully understood. This study draws on job demands‐resources theory to address this gap by theorising two novel mediators, that is, work pressure and bonding social capital, to explain how HIWS influence emotional exhaustion. We further proposed that engaging leadership as a proxy of line manager implementation of HIWS would strengthen these relationships. An integrated model is presented on how, why, and when HIWS influence employee well‐being. Using data collected from 97 employees in a pharmaceutical company via a general survey and then a diary survey for 5 working days, this study found that HIWS alleviated day‐level emotional exhaustion through their experience of higher day‐level bonding social capital and lower day‐level work pressure and these relationships were stronger under high level of engaging leadership.
Usefulness of endocytoscopy in evaluating transbronchial biopsy specimens
Authors: Okuno Takae , Kurimoto Noriaki , Tanino Akari , Hamaguchi Megumi , Hotta Takamasa , Tanino Ryosuke , Kobayashi Misato , Shiratsuki Yohei , Hamaguchi Shunichi , Isobe Takeshi , Tsubata Yukari
Published: November 2022

Background

Endocytoscopy (ECS) provides a magnification of approximately 450× for real‐time observation of lesion nuclei.

Using ECS, we aimed to evaluate whether sufficient samples for diagnosis can be obtained during bronchoscopy. We also investigated whether ECS can enable two‐class diagnosis of malignant or non‐malignant transbronchial biopsy specimens in real‐time during bronchoscopy.

Methods

This was a single‐facility, prospective, observational, ex vivo study. Forty cases with localized peripheral pulmonary lesions underwent transbronchial biopsy with endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath. Each biopsy specimen was immediately observed and evaluated endocytoscopically after the collection by the bronchoscopic procedure.

Results

Thirty‐seven cases were enrolled. The diagnostic accuracy achieved by ECS was 91.9% (34/37). The agreement rate between the endocytoscopic evaluation and pathological diagnosis of each specimen (170 specimens) was 65.3% (111/170). The median time required for endocytoscopic evaluation per specimen was 70 s. When we judged a specimen to be malignant a second time on ECS evaluations of five specimens in one case, pathologically malignant specimens were collected in 26 of 27 cases (96.3%).

Conclusions

ECS with methylene blue staining may aid in the two‐class diagnosis of malignant or non‐malignant transbronchial biopsy specimens during bronchoscopy. This may reduce the number of tissue biopsies.
Enforcement of Non‐Compete Agreements, Outside Employment Opportunities, and Insider Trading*
Authors: Gao Bo , Guo Feng , Lisic Ling Lei , Omer Thomas
Published: November 2022

Enforcement of non‐compete agreements could affect executives' and directors' incentives to profit from their information advantage. This is because excessive trading profits could result in job termination, which would trigger the restrictions imposed by the non‐compete agreements. We find that executives' and directors' insider trading profits from sales are lower for companies headquartered in states with greater enforcement of non‐compete agreements. The path analyses suggest that high enforcement of non‐compete agreements disincentivizes managers to profit from their information advantage to avoid the possibility of job termination and the cost of job terminations. We also find that insiders in companies headquartered in states with greater enforcement of non‐compete agreements are less likely to exploit their information advantage by timing their sales before unfavorable corporate earnings announcements. The results suggest that enforcement of non‐compete agreements reduces executives' and directors' incentives by imposing costs on future outside employment opportunities.
Ten (mostly) simple rules to future‐proof trait data in ecological and evolutionary sciences
Authors: Keller Alexander , Ankenbrand Markus J. , Bruelheide Helge , Dekeyzer Stefanie , Enquist Brian J. , Erfanian Mohammad Bagher , Falster Daniel S. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Hammock Jennifer , Kattge Jens , Leonhardt Sara D. , Madin Joshua S. , Maitner Brian , Neyret Margot , Onstein Renske E. , Pearse William D. , Poelen Jorrit H. , Salguero‐Gomez Roberto , Schneider Florian D. , Tóth Anikó B. , Penone Caterina
Published: November 2022

Traits have become a crucial part of ecological and evolutionary sciences, helping researchers understand the function of an organism's morphology, physiology, growth and life history, with effects on fitness, behaviour, interactions with the environment and ecosystem processes. However, measuring, compiling and analysing trait data comes with data‐scientific challenges.

We offer 10 (mostly) simple rules, with some detailed extensions, as a guide in making critical decisions that consider the entire life cycle of trait data.

This article is particularly motivated by its last rule, that is, to propagate good practice. It has the intention of bringing awareness of how data on the traits of organisms can be collected and managed for reuse by the research community.

Trait observations are relevant to a broad interdisciplinary community of field biologists, synthesis ecologists, evolutionary biologists, computer scientists and database managers. We hope these basic guidelines can be useful as a starter for active communication in disseminating such integrative knowledge and in how to make trait data future‐proof. We invite the scientific community to participate in this effort at http://opentraits.org/best‐practices.html.
Landcover change and habitat quality mediate impacts of temperature and precipitation on population dynamics of a threatened aridland predator
Authors: Flesch A. D.
Published: November 2022

Climate and landcover change can have synergistic impacts on wildlife populations, but the pervasiveness of these threats and factors that buffer them remain unclear despite important implications for conservation. I evaluated the additive and interactive effects of spatiotemporal variation in temperature, precipitation, and landcover change on annual territory occupancy, colonization, and extinction of a threatened top‐predator, the ferruginous pygmy‐owl (Glaucidium brasilianum), across a vast binational region of the Sonoran Desert over 16 years. I also assessed how local habitat quality and regional population size mediate impacts of these stressors. Despite significant bivariate associations between occupancy and temperature, precipitation, and landcover change, evidence for interactions was much greater than for additive effects. Occupancy of territories imbedded in increasingly disturbed landscapes declined at greater rates with warming winter temperatures, but the temperature had little effect in intact landscapes suggesting they buffer impacts of climate warming. Occupancy increased markedly with precipitation due likely to major positive impacts on prey, but again, interactive effects were stronger given territories of higher quality amplified benefits of precipitation. Impacts of landcover change and habitat quality on extinction depended markedly on regional population sizes. When populations were small and few potential colonists were present, high‐quality habitat and low landcover change failed to reduce extinction. When populations were large, however, high‐quality habitat and more intact landscapes, which best foster dispersal, reduced extinction. Hence, complex interacting processes linked to the effects of precipitation and habitat quality on carrying capacity, landcover change on habitat connectivity and vulnerability to rising temperatures, and local population sizes simultaneously drove dynamics. Efforts to identify and protect high‐quality habitat and limit landcover change can enhance conservation but will be most efficient in intact landscapes. Efforts to enhance local habitat quality and quantity, and directly augment populations should consider broader landscape contexts linked to habitat connectivity and potential source populations.
The effect of high‐density genotypic data and different methods on joint genomic prediction: A case study in large white pigs
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhang Zhenyang , Ma Peipei , Wang Zhen , Wang Qishan , Zhang Zhe , Pan Yuchun
Published: November 2022

Joint genomic prediction (GP) is an attractive method to improve the accuracy of GP by combining information from multiple populations. However, many factors can negatively influence the accuracy of joint GP, such as differences in linkage disequilibrium phasing between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and causal variants, minor allele frequencies and causal variants’ effect sizes across different populations. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the imputed high‐density genotype data can improve the accuracy of joint GP using genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), single‐step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), multi‐trait GBLUP (MT‐GBLUP) and GBLUP based on genomic relationship matrix considering heterogenous minor allele frequencies across different populations (wGBLUP). Three traits, including days taken to reach slaughter weight, backfat thickness and loin muscle area, were measured on 67 276 Large White pigs from two different populations, for which 3334 were genotyped by SNP array. The results showed that a combined population could substantially improve the accuracy of GP compared with a single‐population GP, especially for the population with a smaller size. The imputed SNP data had no effect for single population GP but helped to yield higher accuracy than the medium‐density array data for joint GP. Of the four methods, ssGLBUP performed the best, but the advantage of ssGBLUP decreased as more individuals were genotyped. In some cases, MT‐GBLUP and wGBLUP performed better than GBLUP. In conclusion, our results confirmed that joint GP could be beneficial from imputed high‐density genotype data, and the wGBLUP and MT‐GBLUP methods are promising for joint GP in pig breeding.