bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KINO ATMINTIES MUZIEJUS: DEIMANTO NARKEVIČIAUS PAMINKLAI
Authors: BERTAŠAVIČIŪTĖ RIMA
Published: January 2019

The paper aims at describing the problem of historical memory such as it emerges in the films of the contemporary Lithuanian video-artist Deimantas Narkevičius. The questions raised are whether it may be conveyed through cinematic means and which techniques in particular may well preserve and nourish it. In the oeuvre of Narkevičius, the problem is closely tied to the autoreflexivity of the medium itself, since cinema allows recalling events both personal and “universal” and moving them from one context to another, forcing them to lose their documental status in the process. Yet no manipulation of document and history may pass without consequences, and all historic images, traumatic narratives and translating between different languages and experiences reveal ruptures in the narrative texture. This, in turn, makes us question the possibility and probability of memory itself. These questions are in the forth of Narkevičius’ films, yet they are posed wordlessly, through images alone, thus making the spectator wonder as to whether cinema might have its own techniques of working with the memory, history, and forgetting.Editing is the main cinematic technique used in the process, and the “Role of a Lifetime” of Narkevičius, to quote his another film, proves to be one of the Great Editor. Editing empowers one with the means of control over cinematic discourse and thus provides a very particular type of cinematic memory. Instead of merely showing things, the editor has control over what shall and shall not be seen. Yet Narkevičius chooses not to merely tell documentary stories about a life long gone. Instead, he reviews the once-traditional ways of looking (soviet filming techniques, film and TV genres) aiming at revealing their own inner instability, forcing them to display their own ruptures and discontinuities. A strategy like that closely resembles such practices of the Soviet Lithuanian art as the so-called “Quiet Modernism” or “Aesop’s language”; yet the overall status of Narkevičius’ work is under the question. Is such a strategy merely a suggestion of a way of remembering? Or, is it a convenient and institutionally approved way of opposing the mainstream? The films analysed here provide no definite answer; however, they do prove that the means of the medium play a significant role in how we perceive and understand our past.
DOKUMENTAS IR / AR PRISIJAUKINTAS VALDŽIOS ŽVILGSNIS: „BLOKADOS“ ARCHYVAS
Authors: ARLAUSKAITĖ NATALIJA
Published: January 2019

The article questions the order of contemporary film archive working with cinematic documents of mass extermination, dying and suffering. It scrutinizes how the forms of historical memory based on archive footage are constructed, what “acceptance” of these forms by general and professional public tells us about the collective identity of “acceptees” and the configuration of their historical memory. The main material is the World War II archive footage films, primarily films about the Holocaust and the Leningrad Siege.The general framework of the article is based on the question of historical memory forms and the peculiarities of its cinematic construction. It starts with the concept of (war) archive (Michel Foucault, Allan Sekula) and moves to the re-interpretation of visual documents from the WWII in the European experimental film and visual arts. Then it surveys the ways of conceptualizing the experience of witnessing / looking at the sites challenging the limits of humanity (Giorgio Agamben, Georges Didi-Huberman). Finally, it analyses in detail the film “The Siege” (2006) by Sergei Loznitsa, a “consensual” film in regard to the common understanding of “the truth of the blockade”.The analysis shows what the form of archive is created / supported by the narrative strategies of the film, first of all by the visual and sound montage, what kind of power position it transmits, and how this film answers the question about the meaning of the WWII representation in Russia today. Thus structured, the article “tests” whether the interpretative models and vocabulary of the “paradigmatic” – Holocaust – case in terms of visual representation are applicable / limited in discussing other cases of mass killing, dying, or suffering, here – the Leningrad blockade.The analysis of “The Siege” by Loznitsa shows that the historical memory consensus in the form of film (probably not only in Russia) pays its price: it engages into the retro-scenario (Jean Baudrillard, Thomas Elsaesser). It proves that archiving conventions are hardly to change significantly as long as the order of “witnessing” is grounded in the institutionally arranged archive and dominant modes of representation. Finally, “The Siege” demonstrates the validity and the limits of the Soviet version of the WWII cultural mythology still offering the ground for the collective positive identity: the WWII myth works until the enemies are punished and the Victory firework cast.
ANAPUS REPREZENTACIJOS: REVOLIUCIJA KAIP ŽODIS, VAIZDINYS IR ĮVYKIS
Authors: OUSMANOVA ALMIRA
Published: January 2019

The “revolution” has been one of the key words in social and political thinking of the last two centuries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the closure of the era of political utopias (for many, the point of reference would be 1968 in Paris or in Prague), the word seemed to have vanished entirely from the current vocabulary. However, nowadays we are witnessing the return of the idea of Revolution to the political scene, to the media discourse, to social theory and to art. During the last few years, protest movements have became global and turned to be the real “festivals of resistance”, and this has been perceived as a symptom of the new “revolutionary situation”. The attempts of theoreticians (mostly of the post-Marxist thought) to critically revise the past experience vis-à-vis new political realities seem to be seriously retarded in comparison with the “revolutionary practice”. Passing over to the political scenarios for the future development of the situation, I will focus on the convergence of theoretical discourses on revolution, the new forms of political actionism (“Occupy!” movement, flash-mobs, silent protests, etc.) and the contemporary aesthetic praxis. The history of modern art and cinema has provided a rich iconography of the Revolution as an Event (from Delacrois to Eisenstein and further); however, contemporary art (public art first of all), together with political actionism, tends to follow an entirely different strategy which consists in the circumspect resistance to the logic of representation and is based on the concept of revolution as a perpetual nomadic movement, “becoming”, and evasion.
PRATARMĖ
Authors: ARLAUSKAITĖ NATALIJA
Published: January 2019

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SOVIETŲ SĄJUNGOS PAVELDAS – POKYČIŲ BEIEŠKANT
Authors: KAZAKEVIČIUS GIEDRIUS
Published: January 2019

Review
IN MEMORIAM. PROF. GRAŽINA MINIOTAITĖ 1948–2013
Authors: Jakniūnaitė Dovilė , Pečiukonis Vytautas
Published: January 2019

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TARPTAUTINIŲ SANTYKIŲ TEORIJA XXI AMŽIUI
Authors: Gajauskaitė Ieva
Published: January 2019

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AR EGZISTUOJA RADIKALI DEŠINĖ LIETUVOJE?
Authors: Zaremba Aurimas
Published: January 2019

The main goal of the article is to analyze the situation of radical right in Lithuania and to answer the question whether there is the radical right in Lithuania. The article begins with a review of the problems of the definition of radical right; also the radical right ideology and programmed provisions are described. The situation of radical right in Lithuania is analysed through an interview study of experts of Lithuanian politics.Two most commonly used definitions of right-wing radicals are radical right and extreme right. However, extreme right is related to anti-democratic and anti-system features which are alien to liberal democracy. Therefore, the ‘term radical’ right should be used, and radical right should be understood as a family of political parties which use ideology based on nationalism, the idea of a strong state and the use of exclusion criteria as well as the radical, uncompromised way of action. Nationalism is related to ethnocentrism, anti-communism, euroscepticism, the ideas of internal homogeneity, and external isolation. The idea of strong state is revealed through militarism, society based on law and order, authoritarianism, the idea of one leader, and antipluralism. The use of exclusion criteria includes the growing opposition to immigration, xenophobia, and hostility to ethnic or sexual minorities. The most representative provisions of a radical right party’s political programs are a strong opposition to immigration, the negative attitude towards ethnic and sexual minorities, globalization, multiculturism and euroscepticism, the emphasis on ethnicity and the traditional way of life, the desire to strengthen crime control and to increase penalties for violations of law.There are no clearly expressed radical right parties in Lithuania. On the other hand, there are other parties that use the radical right ideas, symbols or rhetoric. Such are the Order and Justice Party, the Nationalist Union, the Lithuanian Center Party, and the party “Young Lithuania”. The Lithuanian politicians Petras Grazulis, Gintaras Songaila, Kazimieras Uoka, and Stanislovas Buskevicius can be called radical right politicians. However, neither they nor other politicians of Lithuania can be described as charismatic leaders who can lead the radical right. It is difficult to identify the prospects of radical right in Lithuania; they will depend on the further development of the country’s social, economic, demographic, cultural, and political situation.
BALTIJOS VALSTYBĖS IR RUSIJA: LIMINALI DVIŠALIŲ SANTYKIŲ BŪSENA
Authors: Jakniūnaitė Dovilė
Published: January 2019

The article raises two interconnected questions: first, what is the place of three Baltic States in Russia’s security image, and second, how Baltic States cope with their own negative perception of Russia. The proposed idea is that the problems of mutual representation and interaction can be understood analysing the conceptualisations of space, which influences the way in which the closest environment, including the neighbours, is approached. This representation, together with historical narratives, formulates and justifies the comprehensive, consistent, and objectivised self and the other. Thus, the goal is to show how the tense relations between Russia and Baltic States, full of mistrust, can be explained as a clash between two conflicting geo-spatial views. This idea is developed, first, by presenting the theoretical assumptions on the relation among territory, identity, and borders and the principles of the neighbourhood analysis, and second, by demonstrating how the spatial representation by Russia and Baltic States is formulated and supported in their spatial identity and foreign policy practices. In the conclusions, the answer is given as to how this clash between the two different and competing understandings is reflected in the bilateral interactions and how these insights allow contributing to the analysis of the foreign policy of the states.
KODĖL DEMOKRATIJAI NEREIKIA RELIGIJOS?
Authors: Jokubaitis Alvydas
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was an analysis of two the conceptions of relationships between democracy and religion. One of these conceptions was created by Alexis de Tocqueville. He thought that democracy needs religion as an element that enriches it and helps in removing some negative tendencies inherent in this form of government. He understood that democracy was coalesced with the philosophies that were alien to religion, however, he demanded an alliance of democracy and religion. The other object of philosophical analysis is John Rawls. The theories of this author show an important change in the relationship of religion and democracy, which stems from the fact that he equates religion with philosophy. The political liberalism of Rawls helps us understand why democracy as a form of government has no need of religion. The political liberalism of Rawls reveals an important aspect of relationship between democracy and religion. He differs from Tocqueville by thinking that this form of government is not inherently merged with religion. Democratic state aspires to be neutral towards religion. Believers can be honest democrats, but this regime is indifferent in respect of religion. Democrats are on the side of worldly immanence, and believers side with religious transcendence. These two competing attitudes create a tension between religion and democracy. The solution of this tension, proposed by Rawls, consists in the equalization of philosophy and religion; it reveals that democracy is indifferent towards religion. The equalization of the status of philosophy and religion highlights the fact that this form of government is neutral in respect of the conception of God. This negates the Tocquevillian conception of the role of religion in democracy. Democracy can function without the support of traditions of religious thought.
POLITIKOS FENOMENOLOGIJA KAIP PLATONIZMO KRITIKA
Authors: Čelutka Simas
Published: January 2019

The paper examines the phenomenon of politics as a distinctive domain of practical experience, particularly focusing on the analysis of political space and political time. Along with this, other political aspects are taken into account, such as desire and lack, interest, action, deliberation, judgment, fragility, and freedom. Political phenomenology is contrasted with the notion of politics expounded in Plato’s “Republic”, which centres around the famous Analogy of the Cave. According to the Analogy, the fundamental precondition of political knowledge is a deliberate delocalization – a philosopher’s dissociation from all time-bound factors and the existing political reality which is conceived as a prison of unstable, unreliable “shadows”. The paper suggests that the application of platonic Forms to political life is inadequate, because politics is an essentially temporal, fragile realm. Politics is “nourished” by the past and historical precedents, and also by future, through political aims and visions. Therefore, historical prudence, practical experience and intuition are considered of more relevance for a political subject than theoretical definitions and abstractions. It is argued that the phenomenon of politics has its own specific structure of functioning: it has no need to “borrow” any immutable principles from metaphysicians. Metaphysics does not possess an exclusive access to political knowledge. Objections to Platonism are based on the insights of Aristotle, Hannah Arendt, Michael Oakeshott and some other important political thinkers. Aristotle valuably distinguishes between theory and practice, situating politics in the realm of the latter and thus restoring dignity to the “cave-dweller” and his common sense. Arendt skillfully elaborates on the aspects of fragility of a political action, as well as on conceptualizing the experience of freedom as essential to political life. Furthermore, the paper draws heavily on Arendt’s distinction between rational truth and politics. It is argued that the two are mutually incompatible or even in conflict, because politics allows only for opinions and persuasion, whereas the unchangeable rational truth is conceived as coercive in nature. On his part, Oakeshott provides arguments for the importance of prudence and historical understanding, while also criticizing Plato’s “demonstrative” science of politics. These and a few other lines of reasoning are invoked to account for an inappropriateness of using the Cave Analogy for the understanding of politics.
ISTORIJOS DIMENSIJA NEOSCHOLASTINĖJE EUROPOS INTEGRACIJOS SAMPRATOJE
Authors: Šiaudvytienė Elena
Published: January 2019

The article aims at analyzing the dimension of history in the neo-scholastic conception of the European integration. The research focuses on R. Schuman’s vision of the European integration. He was among the politicians who created the first European communities. His political thought was deeply influenced by the philosophy of the famous French philosopher J. Maritain and the pope Pius XII who both cherished the historical ideal of the European integration, based on the Christian philosophy of history. The main incentive for undertaking this kind of research was the wish to find an alternative intellectual and theoretical position that would not be based on the historicist principles of modernity and enlightenment. Eventually, such position could enhance the poor reflectivity of today`s European integration theory. The analysis of the neo-scholastic European unification idea revealed that all three authors grounded their understanding of history in onto-existential epistemology of Thomism. Its main claim is twofold. First, every historical moment is perceived as a reference to the underlying reality that is not dependent upon historical flow and endows it with spiritual meaning. Second, at the very moment of perceiving the temporal circumstances and grasping their underlying transcendental reality, the moral requirements for the concrete historical moment are discovered. J. Maritain, Pius XII, and R. Schuman withdrew their ideas of European unification and Christian heritage of Europe from this Thomistic conception of history and the onto-existential epistemology. It is sustained that the results of the undertaken analysis can open qualitatively new theoretical perspectives in the European integration theory and thus help to create a more meaningful Europe. First of all, such a non-historicist position of looking at the process of European integration can provide one condition that is necessary for every true scientific enquiry: it can help to create a theoretical distance among the knowing subject and the known reality. Second, the Christian conception of a human person, which was held by J. Maritain, Pius XII, and R. Schuman, is able at least to stimulate the raising of the most fundamental questions about the true nature and goals of European unification. Third, the analysis has demonstrated that the issue of the Christian heritage of Europe is important and cannot be ignored, because it is a historical fact and not only a lofty idea.
LIETUVOS VIEŠOJO ADMINISTRAVIMO POKYČIAI IR EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS POVEIKIS: AGENTŪRIZACIJA IR DEPOLITIZACIJA
Authors: NAKROŠIS VITALIS , BANKAUSKAITĖ-GRIGALIŪNIENĖ SABINA
Published: January 2019

The paper compares the actual patterns of agencification and depoliticisation in Lithuania and explains the extent to which the EU contributed to these changes. Based on the transformational approach and theories of public policy process, our framework for analysis links external factors (including the EU’s influence), internal factors and our dependent variables (changes in public administration and the impact of the EU). Our research employs (descriptive and inferential) statistical analysis of data on the organisational changes of Lithuanian agencies and political participation of their managers. Furthermore, it follows a longitudinal approach to observe ‘net changes’ by mapping agencification and politicisation throughout the period 1990–2012.The paper found that the EU made a significant contribution to the establishment of new agencies driven by the exigencies of EU accession, but its impact on the survival of Europeanised agencies was much smaller after enlargement. Changes in the scope of politicisation can be explained by a combination of evolution in the political conditionality of EU membership and wholesale government changes. The differentiated impact of the EU on public administration changes was observed with the management of the Europeanised agencies becoming increasingly professional over time. Overall, the results of our research confirm the stronger and more enduring impact of specific acquis rules in the EU policy domains compared to the much weaker influence of the EU’s political conditionality. Furthermore, it points to the importance of interactions between domestic actors that realise particular beliefs and pursue certain strategies to understanding institutional and policy changes at domestic level.
Survival and Health Care Use After Feeding Tube Placement in Children With Neurologic Impairment
Authors: Nelson Katherine E. , Rosella Laura C. , Mahant Sanjay , Cohen Eyal , Guttmann Astrid
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children with neurologic impairment (NI) often undergo feeding tube placement for undernutrition or aspiration. We evaluated survival and acute health care use after tube placement in this population.

METHODS:

This is a population-based exposure-crossover study for which we use linked administrative data from Ontario, Canada. We identified children aged 13 months to 17 years with a diagnosis of NI undergoing primary gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy tube placement between 1993 and 2015. We determined survival time from procedure until date of death or last clinical encounter and calculated mean weekly rates of unplanned hospital days overall and for reflux-related diagnoses, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits. Rate ratios were estimated from negative binomial generalized estimating equation models adjusting for time and age.

RESULTS:

Two-year survival after feeding tube placement was 87.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.2%–89.4%) and 5-year survival was 75.8% (95% CI: 72.8%–78.4%). The adjusted rate ratio comparing weekly rates of unplanned hospital days during the 2 years after versus before tube placement was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.57–1.48). Similarly, rates of reflux-related hospital days, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits were unchanged. Unplanned hospital days were stable within subgroups, although rates across subgroups varied.

CONCLUSIONS:

Mortality is high among children with NI after feeding tube placement. However, the stability of health care use before and after the procedure suggests that the high mortality may reflect underlying fragility rather than increased risk from nonoral feeding. Further research to inform risk stratification and prognostic accuracy is needed.
Adaptación de materiales para la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera en Latinoamérica: el caso de Aula América 1
Authors: Ariza Herrera Emma , Molina Morales Guillermo , Nieto Martín Gloria Viviana
Published: January 2019

La mayoría de los manuales para la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera (ele) se produce en España. A pesar de su calidad pedagógica, los profesores y estudiantes encuentran dificultades para utilizarlos en América, ya que se limitan a las realidades lingüísticas y socioculturales de la Península. En el presente artículo, se muestran los principales cambios propuestos para la adaptación de Aula internacional 1. Nueva edición al contexto hispanoamericano (Aula América). Dentro del componente lingüístico, las diferencias más profusas se encontraron en el nivel léxico. En el nivel gramatical, fueron especialmente significativos los cambios en las formas de tratamiento, en los demostrativos y en los tiempos verbales del pasado. Los cambios fonéticos se centraron en dos sonidos: /θ/ > /s/ y /x/ > /h/. En cuanto al componente sociocultural, se propuso adaptar un buen número de referentes peninsulares, sobre todo relativos al espacio geográfico y a las personas.
Bayesian Estimation of the Limiting Availability in a Repairable One-Unit System
Authors: Salinas Torres Víctor H. , Vásquez Cristián A. , Romeo José S.
Published: January 2019

This work presents a Bayesian approach for estimating the limiting availability of an one-unit repairable system. A Bayesian analysis is developed considering an informative prior and a less informative prior distribution, respectively. Simulations are presented to study the performance of the Bayesian solutions. The maximum likelihood method is also revisited. Finally, a case study is considered, the Bayesian methodology is applied to estimate the limiting availability of a palletizer, which is used in the packaging of glass bottles. Extensions to a coherent system are also discussed.
A Bayesian Approach to Mixed Gamma Regression Models
Authors: Corrales Marta Lucia , Cepeda-Cuervo Edilberto
Published: January 2019

Gamma regression models are a suitable choice to model continuous variables that take positive real values. This paper presents a gamma regression model with mixed effects from a Bayesian approach. We use the parametrisation of the gamma distribution in terms of the mean and the shape parameter, both of which are modelled through regression structures that may involve fixed and random effects.  A computational implementation via Gibbs sampling is provided and illustrative examples (simulated and real data) are presented.
A Greek-Chinese Interlinear of the New Testament Gospels and its Applications
Authors: Lee John , Wong Simon , Tang Pui Ki , Webster Jonathan
Published: January 2019

This article describes a Greek-Chinese interlinear glossed text consisting of the four gospels in the New Testament. Each word in the original Koine Greek text is annotated with several layers of linguistic information, including its Chinese gloss; word alignments to its Chinese counterparts in the Revised Chinese Union Version, a modern Chinese translation of the Bible; and its morphological and syntactic information, adapted from the PROIEL project. We evaluate the precision and consistency of the Chinese gloss. We report a pilot study on using this interlinear to teach Greek to beginner students, illustrating how it can facilitate data-driven learning for aspects of grammar and lexical usage.
DIFFERENTIATION OF NK CELLS. A LOOK THROUGH THE PRISM OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND INTRACELLULAR MESSENGERS
Authors: Mikhailova V. A. , Bazhenov D. O. , Belyakova K. L. , Selkov S. A. , Sokolov D. I.
Published: January 2019

All lymphoid cells are referred to as an innate or adaptive immunity unit in terms of the mechanisms of performing immune reactions. The functional activity of natural killer (NK) cells is not associated with pre-activation processes resulting from contact with antigen, rearrangement of antigen-recognition receptor genes, and clonal proliferation. In this regard, NK cells are traditionally referred to as cells of innate immunity. Previously, it was believed that NK cells represent the only population of innate immunity lymphoid cells, but, more recently, there has been increasing evidence in the literature concerning existence of different populations of these cells, thus serving a basis for isolating a common cluster called Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC). According to the ILC classification, NK cells are classified as the first group of innate lymphoid cells according to their overall functional characteristics, as well as contribution of the T-bet transcription factor to their differentiation. Complexity, multistage and partially nonlinear character of NK cell differentiation are associated with influence of the cellular microenvironment, consistent expression of transcription factors and activation of various intracellular signaling pathways in NK cells. The review considers positioning of NK cells in the ILC classification, the main transcription factors involved in NK cell differentiation. The authors are seeking for generalization of the major routes of intracellular signal transmission in NK cells depending on their activation by cytokines located in the cellular microenvironment and affecting NK cells. The decidual NK cells during pregnancy represent a special object of NK cell differentiation. Stromal cells, trophoblast cells and macrophages are present in the decidua, in addition to NK cells. The review concerns a special case of microenvironmental effects upon expression of transcription factors and activation of NK intracellular messengers, while considering trophoblast cells an example of such influences. The recently discovered variety of NK cells, induced by the microenvironment in the course of their differentiation, requires further study.
ROLE OF IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 CYTOKINES IN THE IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Trushina E. Yu. , Kostina E. M. , Molotilov B. A. , Tipikin V. A. , Baranova N. I.
Published: January 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is socially significant disease. COPD is based on chronic inflammatory process of respiratory tract, which determines steady progression of the bronchial obstruction. Studies of the role of cytokines in immune pathogenesis of COPD are of crucial importance. The biological mediators determine local, systemic inflammation, and pathophysiological effects of extra-systemic pathological manifestations. In this work, we studied spontaneous and induced production of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 cytokines by blood leukocytes from the patients with moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, beyond the exacerbation phase. It is shown that the evident role in formation of the inflammatory process in COPD belongs to the IL-6, IL-8. We have found a significant increase in both spontaneous and induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.05) in the patients. Induced production of cytokines strongly suggests the reserve capabilities of immunocompetent cells in response to the pathogenic factor. Neutrophilic type of inflammation, manifesting as activation of granulocytes, mostly, neutrophils, in response to toxic agents (in particular, smoking) and bacterial pathogens, is primarily associated with IL-6 and IL-8. These results reflect the type and intensity of respiratory tract inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its persistent course.

High levels of the studied cytokines confirm their role in bronchial remodeling and contribute to irreversibility of bronchial obstruction in this disorder. The relationship between spontaneous and induced production of the studied cytokines and the clinical indices of the disease course has been shown. Statistically significant increase between frequency of COPD recurrences (more than 2 times pro year, p < 0.05), and low FEV1values (p < 0.05) were observed in patients with high values of spontaneous and induced production of IL-6 and IL-8. It may be associated with persistent course of neutrophilic inflammation of respiratory tract and progressive bronchial obstruction. IL-6 and IL-8 significantly contribute to pathogenetic mechanisms, determining the clinical course of COPD and may serve as markers of severity in this disorder. Certainly, the immune mechanisms of pathological inflammation in COPD are complex and multifaceted. Studies of clinical significance of induced cytokine production will help the physician when determining type and duration of treatment. Personalized approach to the therapy of patients with COPD depends on the phenotype of pathology, pattern, severity and intensity of inflammation.
Phase II Study of the Triple Combination Chemotherapy of SOXIRI (S-1/Oxaliplatin/Irinotecan) in Patients with Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Akahori Takahiro , Sho Masayuki , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Satoi Sohei , Nagai Minako , Nishiwada Satoshi , Nakagawa Kenji , Nakamura Kota , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Hirooka Satoshi , Yamaki So , Ikeda Naoya
Published: January 2019

Lessons Learned

The triple combination chemotherapy of SOXIRI (S-1/oxaliplatin/irinotecan) in patients with unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was an effective treatment that appeared to be better tolerated than the widely used FOLFIRINOX regimen. SOXIRI regimen may provide an alternative approach for advanced pancreatic cancer.

Background

In our previous phase I study, we determined the recommended dose of a biweekly S-1, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (SOXIRI) regimen in patients with unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This phase II study was conducted to assess the safety and clinical efficacy in patients with unresectable PDAC.

Methods

Patients with previously untreated metastatic and locally advanced PDAC were enrolled. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR). Secondary endpoints were adverse events (AEs), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Patients received 80 mg/m2 of S-1 twice a day for 2 weeks in alternate-day administration, 150 mg/m2 of irinotecan on day 1, and 85 mg/m2 of oxaliplatin on day 1 of a 2-week cycle.

Results

Thirty-five enrolled patients received a median of six (range: 2–15) treatment cycles. The RR was 22.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.4–40.1); median OS, 17.7 months (95% CI: 9.8–22.0); and median PFS, 7.4 months (95% CI: 4.2–8.4). Furthermore, the median OS in patients with distant metastasis was 10.1 months, whereas that in patients with locally advanced PDAC was 22.6 months. Major grade 3 or 4 toxicity included neutropenia (54%), anemia (17%), febrile neutropenia (11%), anorexia (9%), diarrhea (9%), and nausea (9%). There were no treatment-related deaths.

Conclusion

SOXIRI is considered a promising and well-tolerated regimen in patients with unresectable PDAC.
HİTİT MEDENİYETİNDE DİN ANLAYIŞI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KAYAÖZ Hülya
Published: January 2019

Bu
çalışmada Hititlerin dini inançları üzerine bir değerlendirme çalışması
yapılmıştır. Ele alınan konu yüksek lisans tezinden çıkarılarak hazırlanmıştır.
Köklü medeniyetlerden birini elinde tutan Hititler ile ilgili birçok çalışma
bulunmasına karşın özellikle dini inançları hakkında bilgi edinmek biraz
zordur. Bu konuda gerek yüksek lisans olarak gerekse bu çalışmada Hititlerin
dini inançlarına küçük bir dokunuş yapılmak istenmiştir. Konu etraflıca ele
alınarak okuyucuya faydalı bilgiler sunulmuştur. Genellikle inanç sistemleri
bir sürü dış etkenden, karşılaşılan coğrafyalardan ve toplumlardan
etkilendiğinden bu faktörlere dikkat çekilmeye özen gösterilmiştir. Hititlerin
karşılaştıkları yeni inanç sitemlerine karşı takındığı hoşgörü ve kapsayıcı
tavır oldukça önemli olan noktalardandır.
OSMANLI ARŞİV BELGELERİNE GÖRE MUŞ’TA ERMENİ İHTİLALCİLERİN ERMENİLERE ZULMÜ (1892-1906)
Authors: ÇABUK Mustafa , TOMBUL Semra
Published: January 2019

Osmanlı Devleti
ile Rusya arasında 1877-1878 yıllarında 93 harbi meydana geldi. Savaş Osmanlı
Devleti’nin mağlubiyeti ile sona erdi. Avrupa devletleri, savaş sonrası
imzalanan Berlin Antlaşması’na Osmanlı coğrafyasında yaşayan Ermenilerle ilgili
bir madde koydurdu. Böylece Ermeni meselesi uluslar arası bir sorun haline
geldi. Büyük devletlerin Osmanlı Devleti’nin iç işlerine müdahale etmeleri için
bir bahane olarak kullanıldı. bu tarihten sonra Ermenilerin Osmanlı Devleti’ne
karşı isyan ve ihtilal hareketleri arttı. Avrupalı devletler bu isyanları maddi
ve manevi olarak desteledi. Ermeniler bu isyanlar sonucu Avrupalı devletlerin
Osmanlı Devleti’ne müdahale etmesini ve bunun sonucu olarak bağımsız bir
Ermenistan’ın kurulmasını hayal ediyorlardı. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda,
Ermeniler Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı isyan için komiteler kurup örgütlenme
faaliyetlerine başladılar. Ermeni ihtilal komitelerinin faal olduğu yerlerin
başında Bitlis Vilayeti’ne bağlı olan Muş Sancağı gelmekteydi. Ermeni
ihtilalcılar, Muş Sancağı’nda ilk olarak 1885 yılında ekonomik bahanelerle
isyan hareketlerini başlattılar. Muş Sancağı ve buraya bağlı Sason Kazası’nda
1894 yılında büyük çaplı bir isyan çıktı. Bu dönemlerde Muş sancağında Ermeni
ihtilalciler tarafından büyük çaplı katliamlar yapıldı. Ermeni ihtilal
örgütleri, Muş Sancak merkezi ve bağlı kazalarda katliamlar gerçekleştirirken
sadece Müslüman ahaliyi değil ayrıca isyan hareketine destek vermeyen ve
devlete sadık olan Ermenileri de katlettiler. Ermeni isyancılar, isyana destek vermeyen
köylerdeki Ermenilere ait evleri, mektepleri ve kiliseleri yaktılar. Ermeni
ihtilal örgütleri, Ermeni halka yönelik zulüm faaliyetleri için Müslüman halkı
suçlamak istedi. Bu yönde propaganda yapıldı. Fakat yapılan tahkikat
neticesinde olayların Ermeni İhtilal Komitesi üyelerince gerçekleştirildiği
tespit edildi.
Sex and Spectacle in Seventeen Magazine: A Feminist Myth Analysis
Authors: Durham Meenakshi Gigi
Published: January 2019

This paper interrogates the semiotic processes by which semiological codes operate to construct female sexuality in a top-circulating fashion and beauty magazine targeted to adolescents. While a number of studies have found the representations of femininity and sexuality in teen media to be restrictive, unrealistic and conservative, this paper fills a gap in the literature by presenting a close analysis of the strategies by which sexuality is constructed. Given that there is a documented difference between the real-world exigencies of girls’ sexual lives and the representation of sexuality in teen media, this paper uses Barthes’ concept of myth and Debord’s understanding of spectacle to frame media rhetorics of sexuality. For Barthes, a myth is a rhetorical figure that supports ideological social beliefs; for Debord, the spectacle is a system of capitalism that manifests itself via mediated images. On the basis of these ideas, the paper claims the semiological method of myth analysis as a feminist practice. Using myth analysis, patterns of representation of adolescent female sexuality in the 2006 issues of Seventeen magazine were analyzed. The analysis uncovered four overarching myths of girls’ sexuality in the magazine: the myth of sexuality as a function of body hierarchies, the myth of sexuality as spectacle, the myth of sexuality as a heterosexual male domain, and the myth of girls as sexual victims. The paper calls for myth analysis as a media literacy strategy that offers feminist emancipatory potential.
Efectividad del programa educativo “Mi amigo y yo, unidos contra la TB” en la prevención de tuberculosis a estudiantes de una institución educativa pública, Ate- Vitarte, Lima
Authors: Ricalde Castillo Yanela v , Celis Mendoza Milagros , Chávez Sosa Janeth
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del programa educativo “Mi amigo y yo, unidos contra la TB” en los conocimientos y actitudes para la prevención de tuberculosis en los estudiantes del segundo grado de una institución educativa pública en Ate-Vitarte. Materiales y métodos: el trabajo fue de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño cuasi-experimental y de corte longitudinal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 102 estudiantes de 12 a 15 años, 51 del grupo control y 51 del grupo experimental. El instrumento empleado fue el cuestionario, además de la creación del módulo del programa que constó de 9 unidades abordadas en 24 sesiones educativas, con una duración de 5 meses. Resultados: el programa fue efectivo en los conocimientos y actitudes sobre la prevención de TB con un p-valor<0,05. Conclusión: la intervención educativa fue efectiva para la prevención de dicha enfermedad.
SW-LB Media (1L) v1
Authors: A Smith Brian , Micro.tucson Baltrus@Email.arizona.edu
Published: January 2019

This protocol will make one liter of salt water LB. Adjust volumes as necessary.
Media Recipes v1
Authors: A Smith Brian , Micro.tucson Baltrus@Email.arizona.edu
Published: January 2019

Here you will find common media recipes used in the Baltrus Lab at the University of Arizona for growing mostly Pseudomonas spp. and E. coli.
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TURKISH EMPIRE, ZAPOROZHIAN COSSACKS AND CRIMEAN KHANATE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY
Authors: Öztürk Y.
Published: January 2019

A cooperation between the Crimean Khanate and the Zaporozhian Cossacks in the first half of the 17th century rose to its peak between 1620 and 1630. There were important reasons for this alliance between the Crimean Khanate and Zaporozhian Cossacks. The joint aspect in terms of the Zapohorozhian Cossacks and the Crimean Khanate was, that both of the sides, as the border forces, were under control of strong powers. The Crimean Khanate formed the main base of the Ottoman State’s northern policy, and the Ottomans had been carrying out their policy against Poland and Moscow through the agency of the Crimean Khanate since the time of Mehmet the Conqueror. There were relations of the same kind between the Zaporozhian Cossacks and the Polish Kingdom. The developments arising between the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire resembled those ones between Poland and the Cossacks. The subject of our presentation is to throw light on the above said cooperation and to deal with its background. The character of relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, as well as those between the Polish Kingdom and the Zapohorozhian Cossacks have been analysed for the said aim, and subsequently the historical grounds and specific features of the Cossacks–Crimean cooperation have been dealt with. Finally, the preparation period of the Revolution under the head of Bohdan Khemilnitsky was accentuated.
Reference strategies in dialogues about ethnic faces: a toposemantic express-analysis
Authors: Kharitonov A.N. , Ananyeva K.I. , Basul I.A.
Published: January 2019

In the experimental study in identification/discrimination of ethnic faces by dyads, the phenomena of mutual assimilation of the cognitive processes in communication partners were investigated. It is shown that the phenomenon of assimilation can be detected while comparing the partners’ “isostatic” fixation pat¬terns, which characterize the processes of visual attention and perception. At the same time, the lack of synchronization of the isostatic pattern between interlocutors may indicate a lower cognitive complexity of discrimination and a higher probability of successful discrimination. A tendency is observed for producing a more detailed reference structure of the dialogue in the conditions allowing better discrimination, and for less detailed dialogue when the communication partners interpret each other’s verbalizations as indicating that there are no differences in perceived ethnic faces.
Neoliberal Biopolitics in Michel Noël's Nipishish: Market Logic and Indigenous Resistance
Authors: Boucher James
Published: January 2019

This article explores the imbrication of history, fiction, and biopolitics in a variety of specific confrontations between the Canadian state and the Anishnaabeg in Michel Noël's teen novel Nipishish (2004). Situated in Southwest Québec during the second half of the 20th century, the novel lends itself readily to a biopolitical reading which gleans from and expands on the theories of Foucault, Agamben, and Pratt. Focusing on deconstructing biopolitical strategies of the settler colonial state and agentive Native practices, the analysis underscores how Noël's depiction of Indigenous lifeways and resistance constitute an invaluable political message to Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth alike.
Introduction: Settler Colonial Biopolitics and Indigenous Lifeways
Authors: Dietrich René
Published: January 2019

This special issue of the American Indian Culture and Research Journal offers a discussion of settler-colonial biopolitics as it targets Indigenous life across a range of transnationally related, yet distinct, sites of colonial settlement. Moving across these sites, it examines how settler colonial regimes at different locations and at different positions within an economically hierarchized globality employ forms of biopolitics in historically specific ways to their own ends. At the same time, this special issue explores Indigenous life in its manifold manifestations as a site of resurgence, decolonial resistance, and enduring continuity that exceeds any attempt at biopolitical control. The contributions to this special issue thus engage scholarly conversations in critical Indigenous and settler colonial studies that connect a biopolitical logic of racialization, regularization, and naturalization to a geopolitical logic of dispossession and removal as inherent to the eliminatory logics of settler colonialism.
Poetry
Authors: Miranda Deborah A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract interview

Deborah A. Miranda (Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen nation) is an important voice in contemporary Native literature, and her memoirBad Indians: A Tribal Memoir (2013) won multiple awards. This conversation was held in June 2015 in Mainz, Germany, in the context of a symposium during which she gave a reading at a local bookstore. Covering a range of topics on her composition and thematic foci of her memoir and most recent poetry collection, Raised by Humans (2015), the conversation also includes a discussion of two poems in this collection that are reprinted following the interview, in addition to three recent poems of hers.
Border Control and Using Analysis Tools due to the Humanitarian Aspect of the Immigrant Crisis
Authors: Chekovik Timurlenk , Achkoski Jugoslav
Published: January 2019

The control of migrants in Europe has become increasingly challenging, marked by a number of illegal border-crossing. It revealed a crisis without equivalent since World War II. The European borders are now one of the most affected by migrants from Asia and Africa. Border police is the most responsible for the first interview with the asylum seeker. In terms of basic contribution to the asylum procedure, good cooperation between the border police and the services of asylum is of primary importance. There is a need of risk assessment. While the risk assessment is made there can be a violation of the humanitarian aspect of conducting regular border check. By determining the race and color of migrants, screening made on the border crossing can put legality of the border police actions in question. The Humanitarian efforts with border management, cooperation between the government services and use of appropriate methodology are an important segment handling migrant crisis. One of the known methodologies is Analysis of Competitive Hypotheses used to better assess the choice of a suitable place for migrants and their acceptance or readmission. Тhe procedure for vulnerable categories of citizens can jeopardize the legality and the manner of dealing with illegal migrants and this arises from the legal and physical protection of persons seeking asylum. The `politics of pity' changes into psychological cases to be governed by risk technologies within a `politics of risk', the humanitarian and security interventions are shown to be in no way mutually exclusive.
Reasons for the Movement of Female Immigrants to the Republic of Turkey: Research and Analysis
Authors: Koshulko Oksana
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of studies on reasons why female immigrants coming to Turkey as well as basic problems for married female immigrants in Turkey. The article has presented several groups of female immigrants and reasons why female immigrants coming to Turkey. The first group were married female immigrants who gave their reason for coming to Turkey as marriage; the second group were female labor immigrants who came to Turkey seeking work; and the third group were females who wanted to work but they were, or may have been, members or victims of criminal organizations. According to the results of the article, female immigrants face many challenges in the country, within their families and in outside society. Female immigrants, who are considering living in Turkey for any length of time or even for forever, should understand and analyze all possible difficulties and challenges that may arise in their lives in Turkey. At the same time, the country holds wonderful prospects for developing female immigrants and the most important thing is for them to find the means of benefitting from all that is offered.