bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Of Presidents, High Representatives and European Commissioners – the external representation of the European Union seven years after Lisbon
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Dr Iur, Professor at the Free University, Brussels. Email: frank.hoffmeister@ec.europa.eu. For the case studies on Iran and the Ukraine in section 4, I would like to warmly thank Mrs Charlotte Berends for extensive research and analysis. Important details from the practice of the EU’s environmental diplomacy I owe to the Academic Director of the Institute for European Studies (Brussels), Prof Sebastian Oberthür. The article also benefited from a couple of interviews held with the former Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht and high EEEAS officials on matters touched upon in this article.
Authors: Frank Hoffmeister
Published: June 2017

The article reviews the external representation of the European Union. Hoffmeister first analyses the rules established by the Lisbon Treaty (2007). He emphasizes the division between the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and non-CFSP and the importance of the diplomatic level. Moreover, he interprets recent case law in which the European Court of Justice has given guidance to the Council and the Commission about their respective roles in policy-making and representation. The author then provides extensive case studies on Iran, Ukraine, trade negotiations and environmental negotiations to track down relevant practice of the last seven years. He concludes that Europe continues to operate a multi-layered system of external representation, where supra-national elements with a strong role of the Commission in important areas are combined with inter-governmental traits of a principal–agent relationship between the Council and its President or the High Representative.
Need for the development of theatre and terrain based food technologies - an appraisal
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2017

Armed forces have to operate in a variety of challenging environments. Indian Defence forces operates in various theatres of operations including difficult terrains, high altitude, underwater, confined space, air and hot humid environments. Human endurance and survival is extremely challenged under these terrain and climatic conditions. For example, in the case of Ladakh sector, the troops operate above 13,000 feet and areas such as Siachen glacier the operation altitude goes up to 23,000 feet.
Health Benefits of Quercetin
Authors: Kumar R. , Vijayalakshmi S. , Nadanasabapathi S.
Published: June 2017

Flavonoids are natural antioxidants derived from plant pigments and commonly found in agricultural produce such as fruits, vegetables, and also in beverages like tea and wine. Quercetin is the most important flavonoid which belongs to the class of flavonol. Quercetin is a vital biologically active compound, which is present in many products, such as onion (Allium cepa), black tea (Camellia sinensis), Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic), and also in red wine and green tea, It is widely used in medicine and pharmaceutics. In particular, it is used for cancer treatment; as it restrains the growth of cancer cells. Earlier some of computational investigations of this molecule were reported in literature, but they were made at low theory level. Quercetin provided many health promoting benefits, like cardiovascular properties, cancer reducing agent, Anti-inflammatory, asthma and many more. That is why the further investigation of this molecule is important. The main important of this review is to understanding of the structure of quercetin and corresponding biological properties of quercetin expressed in vitro studies, absorption is critical, but in vivo studies, better absorbed antioxidant were observed like vitamin C, further reported studies on effect of food processing, health benefits, storage effects, and evaluate its safety and dosage.
Immobilization of lactic acid bacteria and application of bacteriocin for preservation of fruit juices and bacteriocin production
Authors: . Divya , Xavier J. R. , Gopalan Natarajan , Ramana K. V.
Published: June 2017

Lactic acid bacteria are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organisms producingbacteriocins that help in inhibiting foodborne pathogens. However, its narrow spectrum activity is a major limitation for food applications. Thus, a combination of different methods were attemptedto broaden the antimicrobial spectrum of bacteriocins produced using lactic acid bacteria. Initially, the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin from various combinations of mixed lactic acid bacteria and single culture were determined after 56 hours at 35ºC to select the desirable combination with maximum antimicrobial activity. Combination of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum DFR4, Enterococcus faecalis DFR4 and E.Faecalis DFRP1 showed maximumactivity against Listeria monocytogenes with zone of 31.24±0.33 mm in agar disc diffusion assay. The specific activity and purification of bacteriocins produced by these isolates werefound to be highest in gel permeation chromatography whereas, the yield was highest in 80 percent acetone precipitation. The partially purified bacteriocins were further investigated for the effect of pH, enzymes and temperature stability and were found to be thermostableand active at pH range of 3 to 5. Proteolytic enzymes such as protease and papain inactivedthe bacteriocinswhile amylase had no inhibitory effect. The antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced from bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) fibre immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum DFR4 was found to be more (zone size=20.91±0.35 mm) in comparison to free cells (zone size=8.52±0.26 mm) after 24 h of incubation at 37°C. Further, immobilization of Lactobacillus plantarum DFR4, Enterococcus faecalis DFR4 and E. Faecalis DFRP1 using bamboo fibre aided in faster production of bacteriocins in 24 h.Mosambi juice (Citrus limetta) supplemented with bacteriocins (produced from mixed bacterial isolates) had a shelf life of 26 days at 5ºC. 
Quality Aspects and Storage Evaluation of Freeze Dried Probiotic Pineapple Lassi Powder
Authors: Tabassum Aisha , Shiby V. K. , Pandey M. C.
Published: June 2017

Freeze dried probiotic pineapple lassi powder was developed using Bifidobacterium bifidum (NCDC 235). Quality aspects were determined in terms of physico-chemical parameters, vitamin composition and probiotic viability. Storage changes were monitored at 25±20C and -18±20C for 1 year. The reconstituted lassi has carbohydrate content of 22.2%, thiamin 2mg which meets 2/3rd of suggested micronutrient intake goal for those working either in cold or at high altitudes. The niacin content in the product is 2.27mg, riboflavin 0.375 mg and pyridoxine 67.5mg.  An increasing trend in ΔE values 0 to 6.06 was observed at 25±2°C while no significant difference (p<0.05) was observed at -18±20C.   pH decreased from 4.71 to 4.1 at 25±2°C and to 4.3 at -18°C±2°C  after 12 months.  Browning in terms of absorbance increased significantly (p<0.05) from 0.015 to 0.061 at 25±2°C.  Bifidobacterium bifidum count decreased from 9.55 log10 cfu.ml-1 to 8.87 log10 cfu.ml-1 and 8.95 log10 cfu.ml-1 after 12 months at 25±2°C and -18°C±2°C respectively. Probiotic viability did not change significantly throughout the storage period at both the temperatures. This instant powder can also be utilised as a health drink mix with reduced bulk suitable for combat conditions and in high altitudes to overcome logistic problems.

 
Radiation Processing: An Emerging Preservation Technique for Meat and Meat Products
Authors: Jayathilakan K. , Sultana Khudsia , Pandey M. C.
Published: June 2017

Development of shelf stable meat and meat products is a challenging task due to physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory alterations during storage. Lot of thrust is being given in the application of radiation processing in meat sector due to its microbial safety. Maintaining and delivering quality and safety products both in civilian and service sectors is the need of the hour. Even though irradiation can ensure complete microbial sterility it can lead to lipid and protein oxidation due to the formation of free radicals which can cause flavour changes. Several studies on the usage of natural antioxidants which can arrest these changes have been reported. Irradiation can find excellent applications in the extension of shelf life of chilled and non chilled carcasses and birds in service sectors. There are several radiation processing plants in India commissioned in the private sector which can also be utilized by Armed forces for extending the shelf life of whole carcass and birds with an extension of shelf life. This will be of great significance to the defence forces.

 
Nutritional requirement at high-altitude with special emphasises to behaviour of gastro-intestinal tract and hormonal changes
Authors: Shivanna Naveen , Anusha M. B. , Anilakumar K. R.
Published: June 2017

When people are exposed to the extreme environmental conditions, such as high altitude (HA) where there is decrease in temperature and partial pressure of oxygen induces fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite and increased cardiac output. Hence there is need to improve the appetite through the diet and digestion clout of the individual. In the present review paper we have discussed the efficiency of digestion is compromised at HA. Also about, Hypoxia, resulting by decreased partial pressure of oxygen can be classified into acute hypoxia and chronic hypoxia based on the exposure time. There is increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to less oxygen available in the air at HA which leads to oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress. Hypoxia is mediated through hypoxia inducible factors which maintain oxygen haemostasis in the body. At HA diet rich in carbohydrates have been found to be beneficial as it increases glucose metabolism. Requirement of nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C as well as micronutrients such as zinc, iron, selenium, copper and manganese will be required at HA. Hypoxia effect on the intestine leads to malabsorption and the lipid storage is stimulated and lipid catabolism is inhibited through β-oxidation.
Emerging Technologies in the Area of Food Sciences
Authors: Gopalan Natarajan
Published: June 2017

In the modern era, world has experienced tremendous boost in the field of food science and technology, realising its impact on the economic growth and people’s standard of living. India is using its newer technology for food processing in the field of science and technology. We are among the world’s top nations in the number of scientific publications and patents in food technology. The government has made considerable investment and is encouraging public-private partnership to achieve self-reliance in different agricultural sectors. It has a strong presence in the field of biotechnology, particularly related to agriculture technology, including pre- and post-harvest management, processing technology etc. 
Advances in the Value Addition to Foods-recent Trends
Authors: Anilakumar K. R. , Gopalan Natarajan , Sharma R. K.
Published: June 2017

Value addition to foods may be done by several ways. It could be done by the use of preservative, food ingredients capable of eliciting functionalities and by fortification using micronutrients. There are novel and emerging food processing technologies that are possible to preserve the ingredients in the food intact. The shelf life enhancement of the processed food can be done by adapting newer packaging technologies. Food processing industries in many of the countries across the world generates huge quantity of by-products that can be put into use by value addition. These by-products have less use and create considerable environmental pollution. The by-products of the fruits, vegetables, etc. may be used for value addition adapting commercially viable approaches. Fermented foods are value added foods that could be developed using novel starters. It is also important to note the regulatory aspects of foods whenever the foods are preserved b y value addition
Non-destructive Quality Monitoring of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Chauhan O. P. , Lakshmi S. , Pandey A. K. , Ravi N. , Gopalan Natarajan , Sharma R. K.
Published: June 2017

Quality determines the shelf life as well as selling price of fresh fruit or vegetable and therefore, quality monitoring and testing of fresh commodities have paramount importance in their postharvest handling and supply chain management. Most of the methods used to assess fruits and vegetables quality are destructive in nature. Now-a-days, various mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, and dynamic non-destructive methods are gaining importance due to ease in operations, faster turn over and reliability. Some of the non-destructive techniques (NDT) are currently being used in laboratories, research institutions and food packaging and processing industries, whereas, some methods are still at developmental stage. Various NDT with respect to their principle and applications such as impact test, electronic nose, time-resolved reflectance spectrometry (TSR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-Ray, ultra sonic, acoustic impulse response method, electrical conductivity methods etc., are discussed in this review.
Modified Alternative-signal Technique for Sequential Optimisation for PAPR Reduction in OFDM-OQAM Systems
Authors: Vittal M.V.R. , Naidu K. Rama
Published: June 2017

A modified alternative signal technique for reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems employing offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM-OQAM) is proposed. Lower PAPR reduces the complexity of digital to analog converters and results in increasing the efficiency of power amplifiers. The main objective of the algorithm is to decrease PAPR with low complexity. The alternative signal method involves the individual alternative signal (AS-I) and combined alternative signal (AS-C) algorithms. Both the algorithms decrease the peak to average power ratio of OFDM-OQAM signals and AS-C algorithm performs better in decreasing PAPR. However the complexity of AS-C algorithm is very high compared to that of AS-I. To achieve reduction in PAPR with low complexity, modified alternative signal technique with sequential optimisation (MAS-S) is proposed. The quantitative PAPR analysis and complexity analysis of the proposed algorithm are carried out. It is demonstrated that MAS-S algorithm simultaneously achieves PAPR reduction and low complexity.
aplikasi teknologi bersih untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas pada industri logam-kuningan
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Hartonegoro Ori T , Huda Syamsul , Nugraheni Ratri
Published: June 2017

Proses produksi industri logam kuningan meliputi pengecoran, pemesinan, penyiapan bahan untuk proses akhir dan proses akhir (finishing). Proses finishing dapat berupa coating , pengecatan maupun elektroplanting. Pada setiap langkah proses dapat terjadi kehilangan bahan yang cukup berarti  maupun kegagalan proses yang menyebabkan terjadinya produk tolakan yang cukup besar. Aplikasi teknologi bersih pada industry logam-kuringan ini meliputi perbaikan proses, penggantian bahan dan perbaikan teknologi. Secara umum hasil penerapan memberikan produk tolakan yang cukup berarti sehingga dapat menekan biaya produksi.
Elektroplating Tembaga pada Baja Menggunakan Elektrolit Asam Lemah
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Rukiyawati Sri , Purbasari Aprilina
Published: June 2017

Elektroplanting tembaga pada besi baja  telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan elektrolit tak beracun asam asetat sebagai pengganti larutan beracun sianida. Variable proses yang dipelajari yaitu perbandingan konsentrasi asam asetat terhadap tembaga sulfat (X1), suhu elektrolit (X2), kerapatan arus katoda (X3), kerapatan arus anoda (X4),  dan jarak anoda-katoda (X5). Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian asam asetat  sebagai elektrolit asam lemah menghasilkan endapan yang cemerlangdengan efisiensi arus cukup tinggi berkisar 95%. Variable yang mempunyai efek positif berturut-turut yaitu perbandingan konsentrasi, kerapatan arus katoda, dan kerapatan arus anoda. Sedangkan efek negatif berasal dari pengaruh jarak anoda-katoda dan suhu elektrolit. Pengaruh variabel proses terhadap logam berat yang melapisi katoda (Yd) dan efisiensi arus (η) didekati dengan persamaan linier, dengan kesalahan pendekatan relatif sebesar 20%. Kondisi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh efisiensi arus sebesar 94,5% dan hasil plating yang sangat cemerlang pada X1 = 50 (gr/l) / 100 (gr/l), X2 = 50 0C, X3 = 300 Ampere/m2, X4 = 200 Ampere/m2, dan X5 = 3 cm.
Editorial 33(2)
Authors: Lee Chwee Beng
Published: June 2017

In this issue, eleven articles present diverse ideas within three main synergistic themes: teacher education, blended learning, and mobile technology.
Distributed storage and recall of sentences
Authors: Ebner Marc
Published: June 2017

The human brain is able to learn language by processing written or spoken language. Recently, several deep neural networks have been successfully used for natural language generation. Although it is possible to train such networks, it remains unknown how these networks (or the brain) actually process language. A scalable method for distributed storage and recall of sentences within a neural network is presented. A corpus of 59 million words was used for training. A system using this method can efficiently identify sentences that can be considered reasonable replies to an input sentence. The system first selects a small number of seeds words which occur with low frequency in the corpus. These seed words are then used to generate answer sentences. Possible answers are scored using statistical data also obtained from the corpus. A number of sample answers generated by the system are shown to illustrate how the method works.
On the completely indeterminate case for block Jacobi matrices
Authors: Osipov Andrey
Published: June 2017

We consider the infinite Jacobi block matrices in the completely indeterminate case, i. e. such that the deficiency indices of the corresponding Jacobi operators are maximal. For such matrices, some criteria of complete indeterminacy are established. These criteria are similar to several known criteria of indeterminacy of the Hamburger moment problem in terms of the corresponding scalar Jacobi matrices and the related systems of orthogonal polynomials.
The Competence for Project Team Members in the Conditions of Remote Working
Authors: Zdonek Iwona , Podgórska Marzena , Hysa Beata
Published: June 2017

The article presents results of the qualitative research on competence of project team members in the conditions of remote working. These competences were considered in relation to different roles, which the members of such a team accept. The reference point to studied roles was the concept of Hansen and Allen authorships, and with regard to competence, the author's synthesis of deliberations above their models described in the literature.
Synthesis and bioactivity of novel C2-glycosyl triazole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Yin Long , Wang Lei , Liu Xiu-Jian , Cheng Feng-Chang , Shi Da-Hua , Cao Zhi-Ling , Liu Wei-Wei
Published: June 2017

New C2-glycosyl triazole derivatives 6a–l were synthesized by cyclization of glycosyl acylthiosemicarbazides 5 in refluxing 3 N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Substrates 5 were obtained by the reaction of glycosyl isothiocyanate 3 with various hydrazides. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of compounds 6 were tested by Ellman’s method. Compounds that exhibited over 85% inhibition were subsequently evaluated for the IC50 values. Compound 6f possesses the best acetylcholinesterase-inhibition activity with IC50 of 1.46±0.25 μg/mL.
Line × Tester Analysis for Duration of Flowering, Yield Components and Seed Yield in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)
Authors: Rameeh Valiollah , Andarkhor Seyed Abbasali
Published: June 2017

The general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities among eight cytoplasmic male sterile lines and six restorers as testers were estimated using line ×tester method to assess the potential of the materials in the sunflower (
Clinical outcomes of an inpatient pediatric obesity treatment program in the USA
Authors: Taylor Sharonda J. Alston , Rennie Kimberly , Jon Cindy
Published: June 2017

Background

When treating recalcitrant and severe childhood obesity, pharmaceutical options are limited and few patients qualify for bariatric surgery. A prolonged inpatient program serves as an alternative treatment. The purpose of this project was to describe the development of a medically supervised inpatient weight management program and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

This is a retrospective chart review of 18 patients [4–18 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 50.2 kg/m2] admitted to an inpatient pediatric weight management program from October 2011 through December 31, 2012 to evaluate the biometric, laboratory, sleep and behavioral changes that occurred from admission to discharge from the program.

Results

Average weight loss was 15% (6.9%–21.5%, p = 0.0001), the decrease in BMI was 15.1% (1.61–21.57, p = 0.0001), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 7.2% (p = 0.003) and 10.3% (p = 0.040), respectively. The reduction in heart rate was 15% (p = 0.013). Upon admission, nine patients had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), of which one was treated with tonsillectomy and six were not compliant with home positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. At discharge, three patients no longer required PAP and five required decreased PAP settings. Upon admission, seven patients met the criteria for an internalizing disorder. At discharge, symptom reduction was noted.

Conclusion

An intensive pediatric inpatient weight management program leads to successful weight loss, improvement in hemodynamic parameters, reduction in OSA treatment requirements and symptom improvement in anxiety and depressive disorders in obese children.
Renal lymphangiectasia treated with percutaneous drainage and sclerotherapy
Authors: Choudhury Sunirmal , Sridhar Kartik , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: June 2017

Renal lymphangiectasia is a rare benign condition of the lymphatic system. Primarily, the diagnosis is based upon characteristic imaging findings along with biochemical analysis of aspirated fluid. No definitive algorithm exists for treating this condition owing to its rarity. The literature describes various modes of management ranging from conservative management to nephrectomies. We present a case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia managed with percutaneous drainage along with sclerotherapy. Our initial findings show a favorable outcome with this approach.
Learning to improve grammar instruction through comprehensive analysis of past research
Authors: Schenck Andrew
Published: June 2017

Holistic study of grammar instruction is needed not only to establish the effectiveness of pedagogical techniques, but to determine when, and in what way, they should be utilized. Within a meta-analysis of 33 experimental studies, external stimuli impacting the language learner (scope of instruction, input or output enhancement, frequency of treatment, and EFL/ESL context) were concomitantly considered alongside cognitive factors (grammatical complexity and language proficiency). Results of linear regression revealed that the selected causal factors collectively explain more than 40 % of variability in the effectiveness of pedagogical techniques for English grammar production. Study further suggests that grammar emphasis with a limited scope may be more effective; input enhancement may be more effective with grammatical features that are less essential for communication (redundant, systematic, and less salient features such as past -
Implications of TTIP and TPP for GM/non-GM Coexistence
Authors: Bullock David S , Wilson Norbert L
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this special issue is to examine the interplay between TTIP/TPP and the regulation of sanitary and phytosanitary practices, with a special focus on the interplay between of the trade negotiations and GMO/Non-GMO coexistence in commodity and food marketing chains. Seven articles dealing with the intersection between trade negotiations and GMO/non-GMO existence follow.
Collective Intentionality, Social Domination, and Reification
Authors: Thompson Michael J.
Published: June 2017

This paper addresses the way that social power and domination can be understood in terms of collective intentionality. I argue that the essence of stable forms of rational power and domination must be understood as the functional influence of material resource control and the power to control the norms and collective-intentional, constitutive rules that guide institutions. As a result, the routinization and internalization of these rules by subjects becomes the criterion of success for any system of social power and social domination. I then consider how this relates the phenomenon of reification, which I proceed to show is when consciousness has been shaped by constitutive rules and group collective intentionality that sustain relations of domination and control and accept them as basic social facts, as second nature. I then go on to show parallels between Searle and Lukács before outlining the distinction between descriptive and critical social ontology.
Descriptive Metadata: An Analysis of British Pathé Newsreel Collections from World War Two
Authors: Addica Kerry
Published: June 2017

British Pathé is considered to be the finest newsreel archive in existence, a treasure trove unrivalled in historical and cultural significance, containing 85,000 short film clips totalling 3,500 hours of footage (predominately shot in grainy black and white with later works in colour) of major events, notable figures, fashion, travel, sports and culture, and is particularly strong in its coverage of the First and Second World Wars. In 2002, the process began to convert the film negatives into high-resolution digital files and upload them onto a computer database. A digital asset management system was utilized to host the archive and provide search abilities. One of the initial problems when converting the film negatives to digital files was a lack of detailed information. To combat this, the adoption of a better descriptive metadata scheme, using clearer, simpler keywords would make the site more user-friendly and easier to access. By comparing, sorting and categorizing a limited number of archival footage files from World War II on the British Pathé website, specifically “D-Day: 70th Anniversary Collection,” to create a statistical analysis of current descriptive metadata, a picture will emerge as to the user-friendly environment of the website. By using graphs, diagrams and stills, a deduction can be made as to whether the current keywords are well served or need improvement.ss
Innovative Technologien für gesundes Altern
Authors: Seebode Julia , Bathelt-Tok Franziska
Published: June 2017

Altersbedingte Krankheiten entwickeln sich nicht zuletzt auf Grund des demografischen Wandels zu Volkskrankheiten. Um dem drohenden Versorgungsdefizit entgegen zu wirken, gewinnt die Entwicklung innovativer präventiver Technologien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese sollen ein frühzeitiges Erkennen von Erkrankungen, ein Verhindern von Folgeerkrankungen oder eine Linderung von Symptomen ermöglichen und so die Lebensqualität und Eigenständigkeit Betroffener steigern.
Soziale und gesundheitliche Ungleichheit im Alter und die Morbiditätskompression
Authors: Meinck Matthias
Published: June 2017

Soziale und gesundheitliche Ungleichheit im mittleren Lebensalter setzt sich auch im Alter (65+) fort. Verschiedene Untersuchungen liefern Hinweise für eine relative Morbiditätskompression in Deutschland, berücksichtigen dabei jedoch nicht immer Hochaltrige (90+) und Bewohner von stationären Betreuungseinrichtungen. Der Einfluss sozialer Determinanten auf die Morbiditätskompression im Alter sollte noch gezielter untersucht werden.
Das Erlanger Schlaganfallregister – ein Modell für umfassende und nachhaltige Versorgungsforschung der Volkskrankheit Schlaganfall
Authors: Kolominsky-Rabas Peter , Weingärtner Michael , Rosenthal Hans , Hess Manuela , Sedlak Claudia
Published: June 2017

Das Erlanger Schlaganfallregister ist ein regionales, bevölkerungsbasiertes Register, das seit 1994 fortlaufend Daten zu Epidemiologie, Krankheitsverlauf, Versorgung und Gesundheitsökonomie der Volkskrankheit Schlaganfall erhebt.
Alter und Gesundheit multiperspektivisch betrachtet
Authors: Kricheldorff Cornelia
Published: June 2017

Der Beitrag greift das Thema Gesundheit und Alter aus verschiedenen relevanten Perspektiven auf und geht dabei von zwei widersprüchlichen Prognosen für die Zukunft aus, die die Fachdebatten bestimmen – compression of morbidity versus chronic disease progression. Thematisiert werden auch sozialräumliche Aspekte sowie Altersdiskriminierung und soziale Ungleichheit im Kontext der Gesundheitsversorgung.
Altersbilder als Ressource zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität bei älteren Erwachsenen mit Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen
Authors: Beyer Ann-Kristin , Ulbricht Sabina , Voigt Lisa , Wurm Susanne
Published: June 2017

Körperliche Aktivität ist für gesundes Älterwerden bedeutsam und daher fester Bestandteil von Präventionsmaßnahmen, insbesondere bei Personen mit Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Allerdings sind die meisten älteren Erwachsenen nicht ausreichend körperlich aktiv. Im vorgestellten Projekt wird eine Intervention zur Förderung von positiven Altersbildern in eine Lebensstilintervention für ältere Erwachsene nach Herzinfarkt integriert, um körperliche Aktivität in dieser Zielgruppe zu fördern.
Changes in Sprint-Related Outcomes During a Period of Systematic Training in a Girls' Soccer Academy
Authors: Wright Matthew D. , Atkinson Greg
Published: June 2017

Wright, MD and Atkinson, G. Changes in sprint-related outcomes during a period of systematic training in a girls' soccer academy. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 793–800, 2019—The longitudinal tracking of performance indicators is lacking during the training of young female soccer players. Therefore, changes in 5-m acceleration, 20-m speed, change-of-direction (COD) speed, and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) were quantified during a 3-year period in an English Football Association Center of Excellence. Fourteen players (mean age = 12.1 years, SD = ±0.9) were recruited, and their best performance scores from preseason and in-season testing were averaged. Players were typically exposed to soccer (2 × 90 minutes per week) and strength and conditioning training (1 × 70 minutes per week) and played 20 soccer matches (50–80 minutes) during 35-week seasons. Mean (±90% confidence limits (CL)) overall improvements over the 3 years were 5.9% (1.3) (most likely large) for speed, 4.0% (1.0) (most likely large) for RSA, 8.8% (1.1) for acceleration, and 8.3% (1.4) for COD speed (both most likely very large). Improvements between years one and 2 ranged from most likely moderate to very large. Further small improvements in COD speed and 20-m speed (both likely) were observed between years 2 and 3. Individual differences in response were apparent only for COD speed, which were moderate and small between years 2 and 3. Most likely very large to near-perfect within-player correlations were observed between maturation and sprint measures. These data from a single-arm longitudinal study indicate that systematic exposure to training, which includes one dedicated strength and conditioning session each week, is associated with improvements in sprint-related physical qualities in girls.
Higher glucocorticoid replacement doses are associated with increased mortality in patients with pituitary adenoma
Authors: Hammarstrand Casper , Ragnarsson Oskar , Hallén Tobias , Andersson Eva , Skoglund Thomas , Nilsson Anna G , Johannsson Gudmundur , Olsson Daniel S
Published: June 2017

Objective

Patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI) have an excess mortality. The objective was to investigate the impact of the daily glucocorticoid replacement dose on mortality in patients with hypopituitarism due to non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA).

Methods

Patients with NFPA were followed between years 1997 and 2014 and cross-referenced with the National Swedish Death Register. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated with the general population as reference and Cox-regression was used to analyse the mortality.

Results

The analysis included 392 patients (140 women) with NFPA. Mean ± s.d. age at diagnosis was 58.7 ± 14.6 years and mean follow-up was 12.7 ± 7.2 years. AI was present in 193 patients, receiving a mean daily hydrocortisone equivalent (HCeq) dose of 20 ± 6 mg. SMR (95% confidence interval (CI)) for patients with AI was similar to that for patients without, 0.88 (0.68–1.12) and 0.87 (0.63–1.18) respectively. SMR was higher for patients with a daily HCeq dose of >20 mg (1.42 (0.88–2.17)) than that in patients with a daily HCeq dose of 20 mg (0.71 (0.49–0.99)), P = 0.017. In a Cox-regression analysis, a daily HCeq dose of >20 mg was independently associated with a higher mortality (HR: 1.88 (1.06–3.33)). Patients with daily HCeq doses of ≤20 mg had a mortality risk comparable to patients without glucocorticoid replacement and to the general population.

Conclusion

Patients with NFPA and AI receiving more than 20 mg HCeq per day have an increased mortality. Our data also show that mortality in patients substituted with 20 mg HCeq per day or less is not increased.
The Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis in Infants
Authors: Ouchenir Lynda , Renaud Christian , Khan Sarah , Bitnun Ari , Boisvert Andree-Anne , McDonald Jane , Bowes Jennifer , Brophy Jason , Barton Michelle , Ting Joseph , Roberts Ashley , Hawkes Michael , Robinson Joan L.
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES:

The pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis in infants and their antimicrobial susceptibilities may have changed in this era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, use of conjugated vaccines, and maternal antibiotic prophylaxis for group B Streptococcus (GBS). The objective was to determine the optimal empirical antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in early infancy.

METHODS:

This was a cohort study of infants <90 days of age with bacterial meningitis at 7 pediatric tertiary care hospitals across Canada in 2013 and 2014.

RESULTS:

There were 113 patients diagnosed with proven meningitis (n = 63) or suspected meningitis (n = 50) presented at median 19 days of age, with 63 patients (56%) presenting a diagnosis from home. Predominant pathogens were Escherichia coli (n = 37; 33%) and GBS (n = 35; 31%). Two of 15 patients presenting meningitis on day 0 to 6 had isolates resistant to both ampicillin and gentamicin (E coli and Haemophilus influenzae type B). Six of 60 infants presenting a diagnosis of meningitis from home from day 7 to 90 had isolates, for which cefotaxime would be a poor choice (Listeria monocytogenes [n = 3], Enterobacter cloacae, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Pseudomonas stutzeri). Sequelae were documented in 84 infants (74%), including 8 deaths (7%).

CONCLUSIONS:

E coli and GBS remain the most common causes of bacterial meningitis in the first 90 days of life. For empirical therapy of suspected bacterial meningitis, one should consider a third-generation cephalosporin (plus ampicillin for at least the first month), potentially substituting a carbapenem for the cephalosporin if there is evidence for Gram-negative meningitis.
Development of a Curricular Framework for Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowships
Authors: Jerardi Karen E. , Fisher Erin , Rassbach Caroline , Maniscalco Jennifer , Blankenburg Rebecca , Chase Lindsay , Shah Neha ,   on behalf of the Council of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship Directors
Published: June 2017

Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) is an emerging field in pediatrics and one that has experienced immense growth and maturation in a short period of time. Evolution and rapid expansion of the field invigorated the goal of standardizing PHM fellowship curricula, which naturally aligned with the field’s evolving pursuit of a defined identity and consideration of certification options. The national group of PHM fellowship program directors sought to establish curricular standards that would more accurately reflect the competencies needed to practice pediatric hospital medicine and meet future board certification needs. In this manuscript, we describe the method by which we reached consensus on a 2-year curricular framework for PHM fellowship programs, detail the current model for this framework, and provide examples of how this curricular framework may be applied to meet the needs of a variety of fellows and fellowship programs. The 2-year PHM fellowship curricular framework was developed over a number of years through an iterative process and with the input of PHM fellowship program directors (PDs), PHM fellowship graduates, PHM leaders, pediatric hospitalists practicing in a variety of clinical settings, and other educators outside the field. We have developed a curricular framework for PHM Fellowships that consists of 8 education units (defined as 4 weeks each) in 3 areas: clinical care, systems and scholarship, and individualized curriculum.
Protection against shigellosis caused by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 4 in guinea pigs using Escherichia albertii DM104 as a live vaccine candidate strain
Authors: Chowdhury Fatema Moni , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Sarkar Md Murshed Hasan , Rabbi Fazle , Khan Sirajul Islam , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Birkeland Nils-Kåre
Published: June 2017

Recently, we reported the induction of protective immunity by environmental Escherichia albertii strain DM104 against Shigella dysenteriae in guinea pig model. In this study, we assessed three different immunization routes, such as intranasal, oral, and intrarectal routes, and revealed differences in immune responses by measuring both the serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibody titers. Protective efficacy of different routes of immunization was also determined by challenging immunized guinea pigs against live S. dysenteriae. It was found that intranasal immunization showed promising results in terms of antibody response and protective efficacy. All these results reconfirm our previous findings and additionally point out that the intranasal immunization of the environmental E. albertii strain DM104 in guinea pig model can be a better live vaccine candidate against shigellosis.
Nanoporous and nanostructured materials made out of clusters for environmental applications
Authors: Antony Jiji , Nutting Joseph , Baer Donald R. , Qiang You
Published: June 2017

The nanoporous materials prepared from iron-iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles are of great interest due to their enhanced possibilities for distribution in the environment, a high rate of chemical reactivity and also the possibility to enhance environmentally friendly reaction paths. However, production of these nanoparticle porous materials by conventional methods is difficult. Therefore, we use a cluster deposition system, which prepares the iron nanoclusters and iron-iron oxide core shell nanoclusters at room temperature. The nanoporous films are synthesized by using the nanoclusters as building blocks. These films are characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for surface area determination.
Dye-Sensitization of Tin Dioxide via the Functionalization of Oxide Surfaces with Trialkynylorganotins
Authors: Toupance Thierry , Borniol Mervyn de , Jousseaume Bernard , Vilaça Gil , Cachet Hubert , Vivier Vincent
Published: June 2017

The surface modification of nanoporous tin dioxide materials was achieved with trialkynylorganotin(IV) (C4H9-C=C)3Sn-(CH2)n(C10H20) (n = 4,6)1 endowed with a perylene dye to yield powders containing up to 0.13 mmol.g-1 of perylene unit or dye-modified thin films. Irreversible chemisorption occurred in solution at room temperature to give perylene dye grafted at the oxide surface via the cleavage of the three tin-alkynide bonds of the precursor and the formation of Snbulk-O-Sn-Cdye linkages. The photoelectrochemical cells made with the 1-modified films demonstrated maximum incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) as high as 18% at 430 nm under white light illumination. The performances of the cells were interpreted in terms of the intrinsic properties of tin dioxide and aggregation of the perylene dye.
Growth Characteristics of Self-Assembled Mesoporous Nanospheres of Platinum and Platinum-Ruthenium
Authors: Knutson Trevor L. , Haglund Kimberly A. , Smyrl William H.
Published: June 2017

Self assembled spheres of both Pt and Pt/Ru have been electrodeposited in a matrix of carbon black on a gold electrode. The spheres are roughly 200nm in diameter and have a high degree of surface porosity. As a fuel cell catalyst, the activity of the Pt/Ru toward methanol oxidation is the primary indication of performance. Catalysts deposited in the current limiting regime (i.e. low metal ion concentrations or more negative deposition potentials) show markedly higher oxidation current at 4.8-5.5mA as measured at +0.2V vs. saturated calomel electrode. Pt only deposits were also made and show identical morphology to Pt/Ru deposits. Surface area analysis of the Pt deposits correlate well with the oxidation activity of the Pt/Ru deposits, at similar deposition conditions. The maximum specific surface area measured for Pt, based on 100% coulombic efficiency, was about 35m2/g.
Preparation of Highly Dispersed Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Amine-Modified SBA-15
Authors: Tan Bing , Xu Wentao , Dozier Alan , Rankin Stephen E.
Published: June 2017

Silica-supported iron oxide nanoparticles are prepared by precipitation within the pores of amine-functionalized SBA-15 silica. The loading of the iron oxide possible by this method is at least 11 wt%. STEM and TEM images show that the supported particles have a uniform diameter (average ∼ 4.0 nm) and are well dispersed. The supported iron oxide nanoparticles are amorphous after calcination at 300°C and, consistent with their nanoscale dimensions, are superparamagnetic at room temperature.
Visible light photocatalysis via nano-composite CdS/TiO2 materials
Authors: Srinivasan Sesha S. , Wade Jeremy , Stefanakos Elias K.
Published: June 2017

Nano-structured colloidal semiconductors with heterogeneous photocatalytic behavior have drawn considerable attention over the past few years. This is due to their large surface area, high redox potential of the photogenerated charge carriers and selective reduction/oxidation of different class of organic compounds. Nano-structured TiO2 is widely used as a photocatalyst for the effective decomposition of organic compounds in air and water under UV radiation. On the other hand, the development of visible light activated photocatalysis, for utilizing the available solar energy remains a challenge and requires low band gap materials as sensitizer. Among the various inorganic sensitizers, bulk CdS with an Eg of 2.5 eV and an energetically high-lying conduction band has been identified as a potential candidate. This can be coupled with a large band gap semiconductor (TiO2 with Eg ∼ 3.2 eV) for visible light photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. In the CdS sensitized TiO2 nano-composite system, charge injection from the conduction band of the semiconductor sensitizer to that of TiO2 can lead to an efficient and longer charge separation by minimizing electron-hole recombination. In the present paper, we have carried out a systematic synthesis of nano-structured CdS/TiO2 via reverse micelle process. The structural and microstructural characterizations of the as-prepared CdS/TiO2 nano-composites are determined using XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The visible light assisted photocatalytic performance is monitored by means of degradation of phenol in water.
Formation and Molecular Sensing Property of Silver Nanoparticles from Sputtered Silver Oxide Layers
Authors: Fujimaki Makoto , Iwanabe Yasuhiko , Awazu Koichi , Tominaga Junji
Published: June 2017

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) efficiency of silver nanoparticles formed by laser irradiation or thermal annealing in sputtered silver oxide layers was examined. Silver nanoparticles formed by irradiation of He-Ne laser light (632.8 nm) to a sputtered silver oxide thin film thermally annealed at 300°C show good SERS, while silver nanoparticles formed by thermal annealing at 600°C scarcely show SERS. From these results, it is deduced that thermal annealing at a proper temperature results in formation of silver nuclei that can be precursors of silver nanoparticles with desirable sizes to induce the SERS, while thermal annealing at a higher temperature results in the formation of large silver particles that no longer cause the SERS.
Facile Fabrication and Integration of Patterned Nanostructured Titania into Microsystems: Effect of Parent Ti Microstructure on Kinetics of Reaction
Authors: DeRosa Diana M. , Zuruzi Abu Samah , MacDonald Noel C.
Published: June 2017

One promising route to integrate nanostructured titania (NST) into nano/micro electrical mechanical systems (N/MEMS) devices is by reacting Ti films with aqueous hydrogen peroxide (aq. H2O2) solution. However, little is known about the reaction kinetics between aq. H2O2 and Ti thin films. Here, the effect of Ti microstructure and film thickness on kinetics of reaction was investigated. For films less than 50 nm thick, the kinetics is interface-reaction controlled. For thicker films, the reaction is controlled by diffusion through a hydrated titania gel layer. Activation energies of these kinetics were extracted. Pore size of NST is affected by thickness of parent Ti films. Depending on thickness of parent Ti films, NST with average pore sizes ranging from 15 nm to 150 nm was formed. The ability to form integrated porous NST features with controllable pore sizes may have implications on the development of devices for drug delivery and macromolecular separation.
Highly Oriented Plate-like Rod/Tube Arrays of ZnO
Authors: Dai Ying , Zhou Long Q. , Sun Yue L. , Chen Wen , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2017

Highly oriented plate-like rod/tube arrays of ZnO are synthesized by a solution-based approach at low temperature. The ZnO rod/tube arrays grow oriented vertically on silicon substrate and the intersectant ZnO nanosheets stand on the backbones of ZnO rods/tubes. The constructions of plate-like rod or tube arrays depend on the processing conditions. The growth mechanisms are investigated based on the nucleation and growth process. The initial ZnO film formed on substrate is crucial for the growth of ZnO rods/tubes perpendicular to the substrate. The nanosheets grow around the ZnO rods/tubes by the secondary nucleation and growth process. The ZnO tubes are formed by the etching of the ZnO polar faces. The novel ZnO structures are expected to have great potential for electronics, photoelectronics, sensors, and catalysis etc.
Preparation of a Supported Si3N4 Membrane for Gas Filters
Authors: Cheng Fei , Kelly Stephen M. , Clark Stephen , Bradley John S.
Published: June 2017

A supported Si3N4 membrane was prepared via a non-aqueous sol-gel process using tris(dimethylamino)silylamine, H2NSi(NMe2)3, as a starting material. The SEM image indicated the formation of the Si3N4 membrane with thickness about 2.3 μ m on the surface of the α-Al2O3 support. Nitrogen adsorption analysis indicated that, although most of the pores were similar to those of the α-Al2O3 disk, a new pore size distribution of 20–50 Å for the Si3N4 membrane was observed. The new membrane demonstrates high selective absorption of NO2, suggesting a potential application as a selective filter for gas sensors.