bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis in Women: A Prospective Study
Authors: Lu Bing , Solomon Daniel H. , Costenbader Karen H. , Karlson Elizabeth W.
Published: April 2014

Objective

To evaluate the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 2 large prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII.

Methods

The NHS was established in 1976 and enrolled 121,701 female registered nurses in the US. The NHSII began in 1989, enrolling 116,430 female nurses. Lifestyle and environmental exposures were collected through biennial questionnaires. Alcohol consumption was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, which was completed every 4 years. Incident RA cases were identified using a connective tissue disease screening questionnaire and a medical record review. Separate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) after adjusting for potential confounders in the NHS and NHSII. The pooled HR from 2 cohorts was estimated using a DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects model.

Results

Among 1.90 million person‐years from 1980 to 2008, 580 incident cases of RA were diagnosed in the NHS cohort, and among 1.78 million person‐years from 1989 to 2009, 323 incident cases of RA were diagnosed in the NHSII cohort. Compared to no use, the pooled multivariable adjusted HR for alcohol use of 5.0–9.9 gm/day was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61–1.00). For seropositive RA cases, the association appeared stronger (HR 0.69 [95% CI 0.50–0.95]). In addition, women who drank beer 2–4 times a week had a 31% decreased risk compared to women who never drank beer.

Conclusion

We found a modest association between long‐term moderate alcohol drinking and reduced risk of RA. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings in other populations.
Regulatory B10 Cells Are Decreased in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Are Inversely Correlated With Disease Activity
Authors: Daien Claire I. , Gailhac Sarah , Mura Thibault , Audo Rachel , Combe Bernard , Hahne Michael , Morel Jacques
Published: April 2014

Objective

Regulatory interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)–producing B cells (B10 cells) have been shown to prevent and cure collagen‐induced arthritis in mice. In humans, very little is known about B10 cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several B cell subsets, such as CD24highCD38high, CD24highCD27+, and CD5+ B cells, were suggested to be precursors of B10 cells. We aimed to analyze these B cell subsets and B10 cells in RA patients and healthy controls.

Methods

B10 cells were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated for 24 hours with CpG and for 4 hours with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate/ionomycin/brefeldin A. Intracellular B cell IL‐10 was assessed by flow cytometry. Thirty‐one controls and 99 RA patients were included.

Results

After multiple adjustments, levels of CD24highCD38high, CD24highCD27+, and CD5+ B cells were found to be similar in RA patients and controls. Levels of B10 cells were lower in RA patients than in controls, especially in patients with RA of ≤5 years' duration. Levels of B10 cells correlated inversely with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. This was more pronounced in patients with RA of ≤5 years' duration, in whom B10 cells also correlated inversely with C‐reactive protein levels. Moreover, B10 cells correlated inversely with rheumatoid factor levels. CD24highCD38high and CD24highCD27+ B cells induced more Treg cells than did CD24low B cells in controls but not in RA patients.

Conclusion

The ability of B cells to produce IL‐10 was altered in RA, and this impairment influenced disease activity, biologic inflammation, and autoantibody levels, especially in patients with RA of ≤5 years' duration. This strongly suggests a role of B10 cells in RA initiation.
Finding knowledge paths among scientific disciplines
Authors: Yan Erjia
Published: April 2014

This paper uncovers patterns of knowledge dissemination among scientific disciplines. Although the transfer of knowledge is largely unobservable, citations from one discipline to another have been proven to be an effective proxy to study disciplinary knowledge flow. This study constructs a knowledge‐flow network in which a node represents a Journal Citation Reports subject category and a link denotes the citations from one subject category to another. Using the concept of shortest path, several quantitative measurements are proposed and applied to a knowledge‐flow network. Based on an examination of subject categories in Journal Citation Reports, this study indicates that social science domains tend to be more self‐contained, so it is more difficult for knowledge from other domains to flow into them; at the same time, knowledge from science domains, such as biomedicine‐, chemistry‐, and physics‐related domains, can access and be accessed by other domains more easily. This study also shows that social science domains are more disunified than science domains, because three fifths of the knowledge paths from one social science domain to another require at least one science domain to serve as an intermediate. This work contributes to discussions on disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity by providing empirical analysis.
Comparison of three ultrasound methods of measuring the diameter of the abdominal aorta
Authors: Gürtelschmid M , Björck M , Wanhainen A
Published: April 2014

Background

Three ultrasound methods of measuring the diameter of the abdominal aorta exist: the outer-to-outer (OTO) method, where callipers are placed on the outer layer of the aortic wall; the inner-to-inner (ITI) method, where callipers are placed on the inner layer of the aortic wall; and the leading edge-to-leading edge (LELE) method, where callipers are placed on the outer layer of the anterior wall and the inner layer of the posterior wall. The aim was to determine the variability of the three methods, differences between them, and the consequences on prevalence estimates.

Methods

Some 127 consecutive patients with a small abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) were included. The maximal anteroposterior diameter was measured using the OTO, ITI and LELE methods by two vascular sonographers who were blinded to each other's measurements. The variability was described as the standard deviation.

Results

The variability was 2.7 (95 per cent limits of agreements ± 5·4) mm for the OTO, 2·3 (± 4·6) mm for the ITI and 2·0 (± 4·0) mm for the LELE method. The corresponding coefficients of variability were 6·4, 6·1 and 5·0 per cent. The difference was 4·1 mm between ITI and OTO (P < 0·001), 2·0 mm between ITI and LELE (P < 0·001), and 2·1 mm between LELE and OTO (P < 0·001).

Conclusion

LELE measurement was the most reproducible method of measuring the abdominal aorta. All methods showed a high degree of variability.
Biased reporting in surgery
Authors: Clavien P-A , Puhan M A
Published: April 2014

Still problems with surgical studies
The hypothalamic neuropeptide FF network is impaired in hypertensive patients
Authors: Goncharuk Valeri D. , Buijs Ruud M. , Jhamandas Jack H. , Swaab Dick F.
Published: April 2014

Background

The human hypothalamus contains the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) neurochemical network. Animal experiments demonstrated that NPFF is implicated in the central cardiovascular regulation. We therefore studied expression of this peptide in the hypothalamus of individuals who suffered from essential hypertension (n = 8) and died suddenly due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and compared to that of healthy individuals (controls) (n = 6) who died abruptly due to mechanical trauma of the chest.

Methods

The frozen right part of the hypothalamus was cut coronally into serial sections of 20 μm thickness, and each tenth section was stained immunohistochemically using antibody against NPFF. The central section through each hypothalamic nucleus was characterized by the highest intensity of NPFF immunostaining and thus was chosen for quantitative densitometry.

Results

In hypertensive patients, the area occupied by NPFF immunostained neuronal elements in the central sections through the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pa), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), perinuclear zone (PNZ) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), dorso‐ (DMH), ventromedial (VMH) nuclei, and perifornical nucleus (PeF) was dramatically decreased compared to controls, ranging about six times less in the VMH to 15 times less in the central part of the BST (BSTC). The NPFF innervation of both nonstained neuronal profiles and microvasculature was extremely poor in hypertensive patients compared to control.

Conclusions

The decreased NPFF expression in the hypothalamus of hypertensive patients might be a cause of impairment of its interaction with other neurochemical systems, and thereby might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Pulsed feeding strategy is more favorable to medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates production from waste rapeseed oil
Authors: Możejko Justyna , Ciesielski Slawomir
Published: April 2014

This article presents the results of production and characterization of medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHAs) using Pseudomonas sp. Gl01. Studies have been carried out to find suitable feeding strategies for mcl‐PHAs production and, for the first time, to investigate in‐depth the properties of biopolyesters obtained under controlled conditions with waste rapeseed oil as a substrate. Up to 44% mcl‐PHAs of cell dry weight was produced at 41 h of biofermentor culture by employing pulsed feeding of waste rapeseed oil. GC analysis showed a polymer composition with monomer length of C6 to C12 with C8 and C10 as the principal monomers. The monomeric structure of the extracted polyesters did not depend on the cultivation time and the feeding strategy. Molecular weight of the mcl‐PHAs was found to be ranging from 57 to 154 kDa. Thermal analyses showed the obtained mcl‐polyhydroxyalkanaotes to be semi‐crystalline biopolymer with promising thermal stability, having a glass transition temperature of −38 to −50°C. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1243–1246, 2014
Details Behind the Self‐Regeneration of Supported NiCo/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 Bimetallic Catalyst in the CH4–CO2 Reforming Reaction
Authors: Djinović Petar , Črnivec Ilja Gasan Osojnik , Erjavec Boštjan , Pintar Albin
Published: April 2014

Ceria zirconia solid solution with a high specific surface area and oxygen storage capacity was used to support NiCo bimetallic nanoparticles and was successfully employed as a catalyst in the methane–CO2 reforming reaction. During the reforming test with an equimolar CH4/CO2 ratio at 1023 K, an initial catalyst deactivation was observed, which was followed by a slow self‐reactivation. The catalyst reached its initial activity after approximately 400 h TOS with negligible carbon accumulation and H2 and CO yields of 71 and 85 %, respectively. Catalyst deactivation in the initial 25 h of reaction could be correlated to the oxidation of nanosized NiCo particles by water produced through the reversed water gas shift reaction pathway. With prolonged time on stream, sintering and growth of nanosized NiCo particles occurs, which makes them less susceptible to oxidation and slowly leads to their reduction and reactivation. In parallel, recrystallization of Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 support from cubic crystallites to a more irregular polyhedral shape occurs, which improves the oxygen storage capacity of the material and significantly contributes to the catalyst regeneration. The rate of catalyst regeneration mainly depends on the rate of Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 support recrystallization, which is driven by sintering, and is consequently much slower than the initial deactivation. Upon increasing the CH4/CO2 feed ratio to 1.5 and 2.33, water yields were significantly reduced and the previously observed catalyst deactivation could be strongly decreased or even completely avoided.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over a Cu‐SSZ‐13 Catalyst Prepared by a Solid‐State Ion‐Exchange Method
Authors: Wang Di , Gao Feng , Peden Charles H. F. , Li Junhui , Kamasamudram Krishna , Epling William S.
Published: April 2014

A solid‐state ion‐exchange method was developed to synthesize Cu‐SSZ‐13 catalysts with excellent performance in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3‐SCR) and with durable hydrothermal stability. Experiments provide evidence that isolated Cu ions were successfully exchanged into the pores, which are the active centers for the NH3‐SCR reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Trinickel(II) Orthophosphate Diphosphate, KNi3(PO4)P2O7.
Authors: Moutataouia Meryem , Lamire Mohammed , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: April 2014

Single crystals of the new title compound are obtained in the attempt to prepare NaK5Ni4Co(P2O7)4 by solid state reaction of NaNO3, KNO3, Ni(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2, and (NH4)2HPO4 (Pt crucible, 1273 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Trimethylsulfonium Salts with Polymeric {[SbCl4]‐}n or {[CdCl3]‐}n Anions.
Authors: Liu Ming‐Liang , Kong Li‐Hui
Published: April 2014

Crystals of (Me3S)[SbCl4] (I) and (Me3S)[CdCl3] (II) are prepared by mixing Me3SI, Ag2CO3, and SbCl3 (or CdCl2) followed by evaporation at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectra, and Thermal Behavior of Rb2H2P2O6·2H2O.
Authors: Gjikaj Mimoza , Wu Peng , Brockner Wolfgang
Published: April 2014

Single crystals of Rb2H2P2O6·2H2O are obtained from an equimolar aqueous solution of H4P2O6 and Rb2CO3 at 4 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium‐Cation Conductivity and Crystal Structure of Lithium Diphosphate.
Authors: Voronin V. I. , Sherstobitova E. A. , Blatov V. A. , Shekhtman G. Sh.
Published: April 2014

The crystal structure of Li4P2O7 is refined by high temperature neutron diffraction at 300—1050 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Independent Ordering of Two Interpenetrating Magnetic Sublattices in the Double Perovskite Sr2CoOsO6.
Authors: Morrow Ryan , Mishra Rohan , Restrepo Oscar D. , Ball Molly R. , Windl Wolfgang , Wurmehl Sabine , Stockert Ulrike , Buechner Bernd , Woodward Patrick M.
Published: April 2014

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrO2, Co3O4, and Os metal using PbO2 as an in situ source of oxygen gas (1000 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐collinear Magnetic Structures of TbCoO3 and DyCoO3.
Authors: Knizek K. , Jirak Z. , Novak P. , de la Cruz Clarina
Published: April 2014

The crystal and magnetic structures of the title orthoperovskites are revisited by powder neutron diffraction at selected temperatures between 0.25 and 150 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Tungstoselenites Based on {Se2W12} Units.
Authors: Kalinina Irina V. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Izarova Natalya V. , Nkala Fiona M. , Kortz Ulrich , Kompankov Nikolay B. , Moroz Nikolay K. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: April 2014

Compounds (III) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, 77Se NMR, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Excision of Tetrahedral FeSe2 Chains from the Superconductor FeSe: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetism of Fe3Se4(en)2.
Authors: Pak Chongin , Kamali Saeed , Pham Joyce , Lee Kathleen , Greenfield Joshua T. , Kovnir Kirill
Published: April 2014

Shiny black needle‐like crystals of Fe3Se4(en)2 are solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of elemental Fe and Se, en, and NH4Cl as a mineralizer (autoclave, 773 K, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 2‐Substituted‐2‐alkenols Catalyzed by a ChenPhos—Rh Complex.
Authors: Wang Quanjun , Liu Xueying , Liu Xian , Li Bin , Nie Huifang , Zhang Shengyong , Chen Weiping
Published: April 2014

A ChenPhos‐Ru complex is found to be the most enantioselective catalyst system for the asymmetric hydrogenation of a broad range of 2‐substituted‐2‐alkenols reported so far, probably due to a hydrogen‐bonding secondary interaction of the dimethylamino unit of the ligand with the hydroxyl group of the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Applications of Remote Stereocontrol Using Allylic Organobismuth Reagents.
Authors: Basar Norazah , Donnelly Sam , Sirat Hasnah M. , Thomas Eric J.
Published: April 2014

The investigations reveal that BiI3‐mediated couplings of bromides (I) and (VI) as well as stannane (IV) with achiral aldehydes (II) proceed with useful levels of (E)‐1,5‐stereocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Ring‐Opening of Epoxides with Potassium Trifluoroborates.
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: April 2014

The reactions proceed highly regioselective and afford a single diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Enantioselective Synthesis of D‐(+)‐Biotin via a Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation Strategy.
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Lasonkar Pradeep B. , Chavan Prakash N.
Published: April 2014

Starting with the Sharpless dihydroxylation of the α,β‐unsaturated ester (I) an asymmetric synthesis of the olefin (III) is developed, a known synthetic precursor of (+)‐biotin.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes, Dihalomethane and Amines to Propargylamines.
Authors: Lanke Satish R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: April 2014

Notable features of the protocol include mild reaction conditions, high yields, and good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation of Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation of the Monoacetate of 4‐Cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol and Synthesis of the Coronafacic Acid Ethyl Ester.
Authors: Kinouchi Wataru , Kosaki Yusuke , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: April 2014

A larger quantity of the reactant β‐keto ester or malonate ester than the base KOtBu is required to achieve high yields in the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution of cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol monoacetate and its Tbs‐ether.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective 1,4‐Additions of ClMeAl(CH=CHR) (R = Alkyl, Alkenyl, Ph) to Cyclohexenones.
Authors: Willcox D. , Woodward S. , Alexakis A.
Published: April 2014

Enantioselective 1,4‐addition of (E)‐chloromethylvinyl alanes, prepared in situ from terminal alkynes, to cyclohexenones succeeds in moderate to good yield (30‐70%) and good to excellent enantioselectivity (80‐98%).
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Blaise/retro‐Blaise Reaction for the Nitrile‐Mediated Regioselective Intermolecular Addition of Unstabilized Zinc Ester Enolates (Reformatsky Reagents) to 1‐Alkynes and 1,3‐Enynes.
Authors: Kim Ju Hyun , Chun Yu Sung , Lee Sang‐gi
Published: April 2014

A broad range of alkynes can be applied to the title reaction and yield the corresponding acrylates in good yields and regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Strategy for Developing Yellow Diarylethenes Based on Acid Stimulus.
Authors: Zheng Chunhong , Pu Shouzhi , Liu Gang , Chen Bing
Published: April 2014

BuLi‐promoted reaction of the highly fluorinated cyclopentenes (I) with dibromopyridines (II) gives diarylethenes (III) in which the central cyclopentene ring participates in photoisomerization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Green Synthesis of Phenols Catalyzed by a Deep Eutectic Mixture Based on Fluorinated Alcohol in Water.
Authors: Wang Liang , Dai Dong‐yan , Chen Qun , He Ming‐yang
Published: April 2014

The reaction proceeds at room temperature in water under green conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilane Catalyzed by Chiral bis‐N—O Secondary Amides.
Authors: Deng Yu , Pan Wei , Pei Yu‐Ning , Li Jin‐Liang , Bai Bing , Zhu Hua‐Jie
Published: April 2014

Novel axially chiral N,N′‐dioxide catalysts are screened for the enantioselective allylation of aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reductive Cleavage of Inert Aryl C—O Bonds by an Iron Catalyst.
Authors: Ren Yunlai , Yan Mengjie , Wang Jianji , Zhang Z. Conrad , Yao Kaisheng
Published: April 2014

An effective reductive cleavage of inert aryl C—O bonds that employs iron(III) acetylacetonate as the catalyst precursor and LiAlH4 as the reducing agent is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Conversion of β‐O‐4 Lignin Linkage Models Through Cu‐Catalyzed Aerobic Amide Bond Formation.
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Yu , Chiba Shunsuke , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: April 2014

The fragmentation of the substrates under aerobic conditions with secondary amines gives access to α‐keto amides and aromatic amides in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of Amides: Direct Transformation of Methyl Ketones with Formamides.
Authors: Huang Haolai , Yuan Gaoqing , Li Xianwei , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: April 2014

The synthesis of secondary and tertiary amides from ketones and formamides is achieved under metal‐free conditions by using an electrochemical system composed of NaI and DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aryl Boronic Acids with CF3CO2Na and Elemental Sulfur.
Authors: Zhai Lijuan , Li Yaming , Yin Jun , Jin Kun , Zhang Rong , Fu Xinmei , Duan Chunying
Published: April 2014

Inexpensive sodium trifluoroacetate and elemental sulfur are employed as reagents to access aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers through an oxidative decarboxylative pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, One‐Pot and CuCl‐Catalyzed Route to the Synthesis of Symmetric Organic Disulfides via Domino Reactions of Thioacetamide and Aryl (Alkyl) Halides.
Authors: Soleiman‐Beigi Mohammad , Hemmati Maryam
Published: April 2014

The novel method employs thioacetamide as sulfur transfer reagent in the presence of KF‐Al2O3.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline Hybrid Solid Materials of Palladium and Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril as Recoverable Precatalysts for Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Li Hongfang , Lue Jian , Lin Jingxiang , Huang Yuanbiao , Cao Minna , Cao Rong
Published: April 2014

The first synthesis of the title catalysts and their application in the Heck cross‐coupling of aryl halides and styrenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Decalins from Rauhut—Currier Adducts of Conjugated Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Shanbhag Pramod , Mane Vaijinath , Hazra Chinmoy , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: April 2014

The methodology is successfully applied to the diastereoselective synthesis of isoquinoline derivative (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Anthraquinone Based Chalcone Analogues Containing an Imine Fragment: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and anti‐Angiogenic Activity.
Authors: Kolundzija Branka , Markovic Violeta , Stanojkovic Tatjana , Joksovic Ljubinka , Matic Ivana , Todorovic Nina , Nikolic Marijana , Joksovic Milan D.
Published: April 2014

New compound (Vg) exhibits potent cytotoxic activities against HeLa, LS174, and A549 cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinine as an Organocatalytic Dual Activator for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiro‐epoxyoxindoles.
Authors: Chouhan Mangilal , Pal Anang , Sharma Ratnesh , Nair Vipin A.
Published: April 2014

The epoxidation of a variety of ylidene‐indolinones bearing both electron‐withdrawing and donating groups occurs with high yields and trans diastereoselectivity, without formation of side products.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization—Stannylation of o‐Alkynylaniline Derivatives with 2‐Tributylstannylfuran: An Efficient Synthesis of (3‐Indolyl)stannanes.
Authors: Liu Jun , Xie Xin , Liu Yuanhong
Published: April 2014

This first example for a cyclization‐stannylation of o‐alkynylalanine derivatives allows the direct synthesis of functionalized (3‐indolyl)stannanes from a broad range of substituted alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: An InBr3 Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Functionalized Spirodihydrofuran Oxindoles via Intramolecular Alkyne Carbonyl Metathesis.
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Rahila Rahila , Shamim Shayna , Rai Pragati , Shireen Shireen , Waseem Malik A. , Abumhdi Afaf A. H.
Published: April 2014

Under optimized conditions the reaction of isatine (I), alkynes (II), and phenacyl bromides (III) affords the title compounds (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Decarboxylative Protonation Process from Meldrum′s Acid: Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoxazolidinones.
Authors: Tite Tony , Sabbah Mohamad , Levacher Vincent , Briere Jean‐Francois
Published: April 2014

The presented procedure gives a broad range of isoxazolidin‐5‐ones with good enantioselectivities and high yields, with exception of compound (V), from readily available Meldrum′s acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Synthesis of Bioactive Benzopyranones Through Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and CO Insertion into 2‐Arylphenols.
Authors: Lee Tai‐Hua , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Cheng Chien‐Hong , Chuang Shih‐Ching
Published: April 2014

The presented oxidative carbonylation of 2‐arylphenols proceeds under acid‐base free and mild conditions with a variety of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: ICI‐Mediated Intramolecular Twofold Iodoarylation of Diynes and Diynyl Diethers and Amines: Synthesis of Bis(2H‐hydronaphthalene and chromene) and 2H‐Quinoline Bearing an Alkenyl Iodide Moiety.
Authors: Mo Juntae , Choi Wonseok , Min Jiae , Kim Cheol‐Eui , Eom Dahan , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Phil Ho
Published: April 2014

The reaction can be applied to a broad range of diynes under mild conditions with good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of the BF3 Directed Lithiation of 3‐Chloro‐ and 3‐Bromopyridine.
Authors: Dhau Jaspreet S. , Singh Amritpal , Kasetti Yoganjaneyulu , Bhatia Sonam , Bharatam Parsad V. , Brandao Paula , Felix Vitor , Singh Kamal N.
Published: April 2014

Complexation of pyridines (I) with BF3 allows the regioselective 2,6‐dilithiation or 2‐lithiation with LDA.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Triflate Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Fluorophore 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives via Hantzsch Reaction.
Authors: Bagdi Prasanta Ray , Basha R. Sidick , Lal Mohan , Misra Rajkumar , Khan Abu T.
Published: April 2014

A wide range of 1,4‐dihydropyridines (IV) are obtained by four‐component one‐pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, β‐ketoesters, cyclic 1,3‐diones and ammonium acetate under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Normal‐Electron‐Demand Aza‐Diels—Alder Reaction via Trienamine Catalysis.
Authors: Liu Jing‐Xin , Zhou Qing‐Qing , Deng Jin‐Gen , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: April 2014

The cycloaddition of indol‐3‐ones (I) and 2,4‐dienals (II) via trienamine catalysis of a chiral secondary amine yields multifunctional tricyclic pyrido[1,2‐a]indoles (III) bearing a quaternary chiral center in good stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Domino Three‐Component [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition/Annulation Protocol: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Assembly of Novel Polycyclic Hybrid Heterocycles with Five Contiguous Stereocenters.
Authors: Maheswari Shanmugavel Uma , Perumal Subbu
Published: April 2014

Azomethine ylides generated in situ from acenaphthoquinone and amino acids undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with substrates (I) followed by intramolecular aldol‐type reaction to produce polycyclic heterocycles in a regio‐and stereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Dearomatizing Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions of N‐Acyliminopyridinium Ylides with Electrophilic Enol Carbene Intermediates.
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: April 2014

Extrusion of dinitrogen from enol diazoacetates with a Rh(II) catalyst generates metal enol carbenes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Procedure for the Synthesis of Some Novel 8‐Benzylidene‐4‐phenyl‐3,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐1H‐quinazolin‐2‐ones/thione s Using Tetrabutylammonium Hexatungstate as a Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ghashang Majid , Mansoor Syed Sheik , Aswin Krishnamoorthy
Published: April 2014

Resulting products are obtained in high yields within short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Increasing Appendage Diversity on 3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐oxo‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines via Aphos—Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Yu Gongli , Zheng Yu , Wu Jinlong , Dai Wei‐Min
Published: April 2014

The Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of the previously reported chloro‐substituted benzoxazines (I) is developed and the process is also applied to the analogous cross‐coupling of novel different chlorobenzyl substituted derivatives (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: An Enzymatic Toolbox for Cascade Reactions: A Showcase for an in vivo Redox Sequence in Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: Bornscheuer Uwe T. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

The reaction cascade is realized by deployment of E.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic C—H Silylation of Arenes with 1‐Hydrosilatrane Catalyzed by an Iridium(I)/2,9‐dimethylphenanthroline(dmphen) Complex.
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuo , Saiki Takeaki , Kishida Emi , Sasaki Ikuo , Ito Hajime , Miyaura Norio
Published: April 2014

The silylated products can be used for the Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: RuCl3·3H2O as Catalyst for Ferrier Rearrangement: An Efficient Procedure for the Preparation of Pseudoglycosides.
Authors: Chen Peiran , Lin Lei
Published: April 2014

An efficient protocol for the Lewis‐acid promoted synthesis of 2,3‐unsaturated O‐ and S‐glycosides from glucanes and achiral, as well as chiral primary and secondary alcohols and thioles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Oxathiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Core Structure of Tagetitoxin.
Authors: Yamada Hitomi , Adachi Masaatsu , Nishikawa Toshio
Published: April 2014

The fully functionalized core structure (I) of tagetitoxin is synthesized from tri‐O‐acetyl‐D‐galactal.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple One‐Pot Regioselective 6‐O‐Phosphorylation of Carbohydrates and Trehalose Desymmetrization.
Authors: Joseph A. Abragam , Chang Chun‐Wei , Wang Cheng‐Chung
Published: April 2014

The presented protocol gives selective access to 6‐phosphorylated monosaccharides and disaccharides in a two step one‐pot procedure from unprotected carbohydrates or glycosides in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Glycosyl Bromide from 1‐O‐Acetyl Sugars by Photo‐Irradiative Phase‐Vanishing Reaction of Molecular Bromine.
Authors: Tojino Mami , Hirose Yuriko , Mizuno Mamoru
Published: April 2014

A bottom phase of molecular bromine, overlaid with perfluorohexane and again overlaid with ethylacetate containing a monosaccharide gives rise to formation of HBr upon UV irradiation to furnish glycosyl bromide.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Biological Evaluation of Chromone Alkaloid Dysoline, a New Regioisomer of Rohitukine from Dysoxylum binectariferum.
Authors: Vishwakarma Ram A. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Dysoline (I) is isolated from the stem barks of the title plant together with rohitukine and rohitukine‐N‐oxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Diphenylethylenes from Arundina graminifolia and Their Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Li Yin‐Ke , Zhou Bin , Ye Yan‐Qing , Du Gang , Niu De‐Yun , Meng Chun‐Yang , Gao Xue‐Mei , Hu Qiu‐Fen
Published: April 2014

Two new diphenylethylenes gramniphenols H (Ia) and I (Ib) are isolated from the whole plant of Arundina graminifolia.
ChemInform Abstract: Spinel Materials for High‐Voltage Cathodes in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zaghib K. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel Process Synthesis of High‐Temperature Non‐Oxide Ultrafine Powders
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Fu Fang , Cao Yingnan , Du Shuang , Lu Lilin , Zhang Shaowei
Published: April 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Precursor Approach to Metal Oxide and Pnictide Thin Films
Authors: Marchand Peter , Carmalt Claire J.
Published: April 2014

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Rational Design of Nanoparticle Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yan Ning
Published: April 2014

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of the Main Group Elements with Phosphine, Arsine and Stibine Ligands
Authors: Burt Jennifer , Levason William , Reid Gillian
Published: April 2014

Review: 361 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Handedness Structure of Octahedral Metal Complexes with Chelating Ligands
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Ying , Drew Michael G. B.
Published: April 2014

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amidinates, Guanidinates and Iminopyrrolidinates: Understanding Precursor Thermolysis to Design a Better Ligand
Authors: Barry Sean T.
Published: April 2014

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth‐Metal Methylidene Complexes
Authors: Kratsch Jochen , Roesky Peter W.
Published: April 2014

Review: [synthesis, structure and reactivity; 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides and Polynucleotides: Mononucleotides
Authors: Loakes David
Published: April 2014

Review: syntheses as potential novel therapeutic antiviral and anticancer agents, 132 efs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Radical Domino Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sebren Leanne J. , Devery James J. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: April 2014

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Biocatalytic Arene ipso,ortho cis‐Dihydroxylation in Synthesis
Authors: Lewis Simon E.
Published: April 2014

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Halocyclizations Beyond Lactones: Emerging Routes to Enantioenriched Nitrogenous Heterocycles
Authors: Tripathi Chandra Bhushan , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: April 2014

Review: 36 refs.+subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective C—C and C—Heteroatom Bond Forming Reactions Using Chiral Ferrocene Catalysts
Authors: Drusan Michal , Sebesta Radovan
Published: April 2014

Review: 252 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Thiazolidinones: The Advances Continue...
Authors: Tripathi Avinash C. , Gupta Shiv Ji , Fatima Gul Naz , Sonar Pankaj Kumar , Verma Amit , Saraf Shailendra K.
Published: April 2014

Review: 278 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Perspective to Resorcinarene Crowns
Authors: Tero Tiia‐Riikka , Nissinen Maija
Published: April 2014

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Guide to the Synthesis of Block Copolymers Using Reversible‐Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization
Authors: Keddie Daniel J.
Published: April 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Media — A 5 Year Update
Authors: Mlynarski Jacek , Bas Sebastian
Published: April 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Halometallate Ionic Liquids — Revisited
Authors: Estager J. , Holbrey J. D. , Swadzba‐Kwasny M.
Published: April 2014

Review: speciation studies and modern applications of halometallate ionic liquids in catalysis and material science; 301 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative C—H Amination Reactions
Authors: Louillat Marie‐Laure , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: April 2014

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Approaches Towards Ordered Polymer Materials
Authors: Uemura Takashi
Published: April 2014

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enabling the Use of Heterocyclic Arynes in Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Goetz Adam E. , Garg Neil K.
Published: April 2014

Review: [33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions in Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Kakuchi Ryohei
Published: April 2014

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heat Transfer and Phase Transition in DTA Experiments
Authors: Holba Pavel , Sestak Jaroslav , Sedmidubsky David
Published: April 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Modifications and Bioconjugate Reactions of Nanomaterials for Sensing, Imaging, Drug Delivery and Therapy
Authors: Biju Vasudevanpillai
Published: April 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Label‐Free Characterization of Biomembranes: From Structure to Dynamics
Authors: Mashaghi Alireza , Mashaghi Samaneh , Reviakine Ilya , Heeren Ron M. A. , Sandoghdar Vahid , Bonn Mischa
Published: April 2014

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide and Zinc‐Mediated Protein Assemblies Involved in Mu Opioid Receptor Signaling
Authors: Rodriguez‐Munoz Maria , Garzon Javier
Published: April 2014

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in the Synthesis of High Voltage Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review on LiNiPO4
Authors: Rommel Stefan M. , Schall Norbert , Bruenig Christian , Weihrich Richard
Published: April 2014

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chance and Necessity: My Encounter with Gold Catalysts
Authors: Haruta Masatake
Published: April 2014

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Electrochemistry as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Energy Conversion
Authors: Katsounaros Ioannis , Cherevko Serhiy , Zeradjanin Aleksandar R. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J.
Published: April 2014

Review: 323 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cambridge Structural Database in Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Groom Colin R. , Allen Frank H.
Published: April 2014

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Interpretation of EPR Parameters — Computational Spectroscopy Approaches
Authors: Pietrzyk Piotr , Podolska Katarzyna , Sojka Zbigniew
Published: April 2014

Review: 229 refs.
Slip Model and Co‐Seismic Displacement Field Derived from Near‐Source Strong Motion Records of the Lushan Ms7.0 Earthquake on 20 April 2013
Authors: Ming‐Pei JIN , Rong‐Jiang WANG , Hong‐Wei TU
Published: April 2014

Near‐source co‐seismic displacement field of the 20 April 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan, Sichuan earthquake is estimated from digital strong‐motion records after correction for their baseline errors using an improved empirical method and compared with the GPS observations. Furthermore, different slip models of the earthquake are inverted from the GPS and strong‐motion based displacement data separately and jointly, which are in good agreement. Both show that the earthquake is dominated by the thrust mechanism (also a few left‐lateral dislocations). The maximum horizontal and vertical co‐seismic displacements reached 4.9 cm and 4.4 cm at station 51YAM and 51QLY, respectively. The fault slips are mainly distributed around the first event and in an area of about 30 km along the strike and 25 km along the dip. The moment magnitude is estimated to be Mw6.7, and the peak slip is about 1.14 m for strong motion data and 1.09 m for GPS. The surface rupture should be very small. Finally, we discuss the minimum requirements on the strong‐motion data that ensure a reliable recovery of the co‐seismic displacement data and corresponding problems in the current strong‐motion networks in China.
Deconvolution and Simulation of Seismic Records in the Time Domain and Application to the Relative Measurements of Seismometer Azimuths
Authors: Jian‐Bo XIE
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a recursive filter designed from the second order transfer function of a velocity‐flat‐response seismometer by impulse invariance. This filter includes less coefficients than that designed by bilinear transformation and its usage is more convenient. Numeric experiments using this recursive filter have been done for deconvolution and simulation. A short period record was also simulated for a real broadband record of an earthquake. All the simulated results are well consistent with real system records. Some relative azimuth measurements of seismometers with the cross correlation analysis method have been conducted with the aids of simulation. The results are closer to absolute measurements by the north finder than that without simulation.
Quality Factor Characteristics of Six Metamorphic Kinds of Coal in China
Authors: Xiao‐Kai XU , Yun WANG , Zhao‐Ping MENG
Published: April 2014

Lab ultrasonic measurements to metamorphic kinds of coal reveal the relation between the maximum vitrinite reflectance and ultrasonic quality factor. And then the relations between ultrasonic velocities and quality factors, including the anisotropic characteristics of quality factors are analyzed. The results show that there are good linear correlations between the maximum vitrinite reflectance and P‐ and S‐wave quality factors, between velocities in direction perpendicular to seams and quality factors, and between the P‐ wave quality and S‐wave's quality factors in direction vertical to seams. Moreover, there are stronger anisotropies in seismic quality factors than velocities. Comparison of the measured S‐wave Q values with estimated values, based on a theoretical formula, indicates an only 7.2% relative error in this method. It proves that this theoretical formula can be applied to attenuation compensation of the converted shear wave in processing of multi‐component seismic data.
Clinical Outcomes of Biodegradable Polymer Drug‐Eluting Stents for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Updated Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kwong Joey S.W. , Yu Cheuk‐Man
Published: April 2014

Biodegradable polymer drug‐eluting stents (DES) are innovative concepts in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention. We systematically reviewed the latest randomized evidence on the efficacy and safety of biodegradable polymer DES as compared to durable polymer DES. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane database were searched in August 2013 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing biodegradable polymer DES with durable polymer DES. Clinical outcomes of interest were mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), and stent thrombosis. A total of 20 RCTs randomizing 20 021 participants were included, of whom 11 045 were allocated to biodegradable polymer DES and 8976 to durable polymer DES. Treatment of biodegradable polymer DES was not associated with a significant reduction of any of the clinical outcomes (all‐cause mortality, odds ratio [OR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80 to 1.10, P = 0.42; cardiovascular mortality, OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.19, P = 0.74; MI, OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.26, P = 0.41; TLR, OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.08, P = 0.20; TVR, OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.28, P = 0.67; definite/probable stent thrombosis, OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.07, P = 0.14). Current randomized data indicate that clinical efficacy and safety profiles of biodegradable polymer DES are comparable to those of durable polymer DES. Findings from large‐scale studies with rigorous methodology and long follow‐up duration are needed.
Total Synthesis of Anticoagulant Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux
Authors: Li Tiehai , Ye Hui , Cao Xuefeng , Wang Jiajia , Liu Yonghui , Zhou Lifei , Liu Qiang , Wang Wenjun , Shen Jie , Zhao Wei , Wang Peng
Published: April 2014

The anticoagulant pentasaccharide fondaparinux was synthesized using an improved and optimized synthetic strategy including a convergent [3+2] coupling approach, orthogonal protecting groups and various glycosyl donors. The new methods of glycosylation were also used for controlling the stereochemical configuration and improving the yield of the glycosylation. In addition, HPLC and NMR methods to monitor the process of total synthesis of fondaparinux were employed. This work provides a comprehensive elaboration for the synthesis and analysis of fondaparinux based on related literature, as well as abundant information for the synthesis of heparin‐like oligosaccharides.
High‐Throughput Screening of Metal‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes against Biofilm Formation by Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Bernardi Thierry , Badel Stéphanie , Mayer Pascal , Groelly Jérome , de Frémont Pierre , Jacques Béatrice , Braunstein Pierre , Teyssot Marie‐Laure , Gaulier Christelle , Cisnetti Federico , Gautier Arnaud , Roland Sylvain
Published: April 2014

A set of molecules including a majority of metal‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes (metal=Ag, Cu, and Au) and azolium salts were evaluated by high‐throughput screening of their activity against biofilm formation associated with pathogenic bacteria. The anti‐planktonic effects were compared in parallel. Representative biofilm‐forming strains of various genera were selected (Listeria,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus, andEscherichia). All the compounds were tested at 1 mg L−1by using the BioFilm Ring Test. An information score (IS, sum of the activities) and an activity score (AS, difference between anti‐biofilm and anti‐planktonic activity) were determined from normalized experimental values to classify the most active molecules against the panel of bacterial strains. With this method we identified lipophilic AgIand CuIcomplexes possessing aromatic groups on the NHC ligand as the most efficient at inhibiting biofilm formation.
A hybrid approach to parallelize a fast non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm for phylogenetic inference
Authors: Santander‐Jiménez Sergio , Vega‐Rodríguez Miguel A.
Published: April 2014

The field of computational biology encloses a wide range of optimization problems that show non‐deterministic polynomial‐time hard complexities. Nowadays, phylogeneticians are dealing with a growing amount of biological data that must be analyzed to explain the origins of modern species. Evolutionary relationships among organisms are often described by means of tree‐shaped structures known as phylogenetic trees. When inferring phylogenies, two main challenges must be addressed. First, the inference of reliable evolutionary trees on data sets where different optimality principles support conflicting evolutionary hypotheses. Second, the processing of enormous tree searches spaces where traditional sequential strategies cannot be applied. In this sense, phylogenetic inference can benefit from the combination of high performance computing and evolutionary computation to carry out the reconstruction of complex evolutionary histories in reduced execution times. In this paper, we introduce multiobjective phylogenetics, a hybrid OpenMP/MPI approach to parallelize a well‐known multiobjective metaheuristic, the fast non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). This algorithm has been designed to conduct phylogenetic analyses on multi‐core clusters in accordance with two principles: maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. The main goal is to combine the benefits of shared‐memory and distributed‐memory programming paradigms to efficiently infer a set of high‐quality Pareto solutions. Experiments on six real nucleotide data sets and comparisons with other hybrid parallel approaches show that multiobjective phylogenetics is able to achieve significant performance in terms of parallel, multiobjective, and biological results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SecNRCC: a loss‐tolerant secure network reprogramming with confidentiality consideration for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Xie Mande , Bhanja Urmila , Wei Guiyi , Ling Yun , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi , Alamri Atif
Published: April 2014

Network reprogramming faces lots of threats from both external attackers and potentially compromised nodes. Security thus becomes a critical requirement for network reprogramming protocols. This paper describes a secure network reprogramming system called SecNRCC for dynamically reprogramable wireless sensor network. In SecNRCC, a light weight authentication method is firstly introduced for the reboot control command. Secondly, a program image preprocess method with security and loss‐tolerance consideration is proposed. Furthermore, a novel immediate packet authentication algorithm with confidentiality consideration is also presented to resist the denial of service attacks exploiting the authentication delay, and finally, a weak authentication operation is performed before the digital signature verification to mitigate denial of service attacks against signature packets. The experimental results show that SecNRCC can securely disseminate the program image to all of node in the wireless sensor networks with acceptable latency and message cost. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.