bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Coronavirus Pandemic in State-Level Abortion Restrictions
Authors: Husain Alina
Published: May 2021

In response to COVID-19, many state governments chose to halt elective or nonessential procedures to free up personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline medical workers. To help guide and inform state health policies, an emerging body of literature developed which contextualized the role of abortions as time-sensitive, essential medical procedures. Despite this, Texas, Indiana, and Iowa issued executive orders restricting elective or nonessential procedures, and included abortions among the medical services being banned. This content analysis analyzed executive orders and subsequent communications from officials in all three states to identify rhetorical patterns and the language that was used to connect the coronavirus pandemic to abortion care. The major themes that emerged were the expansion of gubernatorial powers due to the declaration of an emergency, connecting abortion services to PPE shortages, classifying abortions as “elective” procedures, differentiating medical and surgical abortions, and purposeful avoidance of the actual term “abortion.” The findings indicate that governors in each of these three states used COVID-19 to further restrict abortion access, and they were able to use rhetoric to create a distinct narrative and justify their policies.
Automation of On-Resin Enrichment of S-Nitrosylated Proteins for Oxidized Cysteine-Selective cPILOT
Authors: Pumford Andrew , Arul Albert , Ford Katarena , Robinson Renã
Published: May 2021

S-Nitrosylation (SNO) is a cysteine post-translational modification that increases with normal aging and is present in Alzheimer’s disease and other aging-related illnesses. Detection of SNO-modified proteins can be challenging; however, we previously developed a robust quantitative proteomics approach termed “Oxidized Cysteine-Selective combined precursor isobaric labeling and isobaric tagging (OxcyscPILOT)” that allows for detection of endogenous SNO-modified proteins. OxcyscPILOT involves enrichment of SNO-modified proteins using a thiol-based resin. This enrichment is performed manually, and wash stages with the resin require numerous steps and buffer reagents. The goal of this study is to transfer the manual protocol to an automated liquid handler system in order to reduce wash steps, increase sample throughput, and minimize experimental error. In order to accomplish this, we evaluated the Biomek i7 liquid handler automated workstation and a Positive Pressure ALP (PPA) apparatus as a means to conduct automated on resin enrichment. Our findings provide starting pressure conditions for the use of PPA in an automated OxcyscPILOT proteomics workflow that could be transferred to other robotic liquid handling systems.
Domestic Workers and the Employer-Employee Relationship in Delhi
Authors: Pramberger Alexis
Published: May 2021

There are currently approximately four to five million domestic workers in India today. Most of these workers are women and migrants of lower castes or socioeconomic status and lack formal education. Domestic workers are not guaranteed social security, welfare, or basic rights in the workplace in India because domestic labor is part of the unorganized and therefore unregulated sector of industry. Workers make little money and are often overworked, abused, malnourished, and suffer psychologically in the workplace. The employer-employee relationship is critical to understanding the workplace environment, and control of the relationship can make it more or less professional, either benefiting or hurting workers. Two interviews with advocates for domestic workers from Nirmana, an NGO in Delhi, and five interviews with female employers of domestic workers in Delhi were conducted over Whatsapp. Employers often referred to their employees as family members, did favors for them, and understood some of their daily struggles while receiving emotional support. Blame for poor conditions was placed externally of the workplace, especially when applied to salary rates; employers claimed feeling helpless to improve conditions. Although the employers do speak about and in some ways care about domestic workers as family, they likely function at a level of dissonance, both being partially aware of and benefiting from the same system that oppresses their workers.
Vehicular and industrial sources of PGEs, Au and Ce in surface soil and roadside soils and dusts from two cities of Turkey
Authors: ÖZEN Murat , AKBULUT ÖZEN Songül , ÇEVİK Uğur
Published: May 2021

In this study, rhodium, palladium, platinum, gold and cerium were determined by ICP-MS after trace-matrix separation in roadside dusts and soil samples along different motorways in Ankara and Bursa, and in soil samples taken from industrial locations in Nilüfer, Bursa.
The clear presence of Pd and Rh was determined at different traffic locations. Platinum remained below the method’s quantification limit for most of the samples. Results showed that both cities showed relatively high concentrations of; Rh and Pt in tunnels and downtowns, Pd in tunnels, bus stations and crossroads, and Au in downtowns. Consistent with the daily road traffic, relatively high concentrations of Rh, Pd and Pt were determined for Ankara. Based on the limited data available for Pt, Pt:Pd ratios varied between 0.04 and 0.25, and Pt:Rh ratios varied between 0.59 and 2.1.
Measurements at the industrial location showed an average Rh and Pd concentration of 11 and 359 µg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, Au concentrations remained below the method’s quantification limit except for one sampling location. The average Ce concentration was determined as 23 mg/kg. Platinum remained below the method’s quantification limit for all industrial sampling locations.
Overall, high average Rh and Pt concentrations were determined at the traffic sites, while higher average Pd concentration was determined at the industrial locations. Cerium remained consistently below the earth’s crustal levels, which infers that no anthropogenic source can be attributed to Ce.
Gafas violetas, pero… ¿con qué lentes? Recorridos teóricos entre la producción y reproducción del trabajo
Authors: Colombo Andreina
Published: May 2021

Este artículo constituye una propuesta para adentrarse en los debates teóricos en torno al concepto de trabajo o trabajos en clave de género, particularmente en aquel que se centra en las relaciones entre los ámbitos de la producción y la reproducción. El objetivo de esta lectura es establecer las variaciones más significativas resaltando diferencias y similitudes de las herramientas conceptuales que se presentan. Con base en la analogía óptica  de las “gafas violetas”, se identifican heterogeneidades entre tres perspectivas: (i) con lentes monofocales (desde la producción o la reproducción), mirada que tiene el foco explicativo y descriptivo en uno de los ámbitos, desde el cual se expone y cobra significado el otro; (ii) con lentes bifocales, al atender los trabajos productivo y reproductivo en igual nivel, estableciendo claras líneas de diferenciación entre ellos; y (iii) con lentes progresivos, al captar ambos ámbitos entendiéndolos como un continuo, resaltando simultaneidades, superposiciones e intermitencias. Ante la proliferación de estudios con perspectiva de género y sin desconocer la peculiaridad que abarca cada uno, resulta importante señalar que la clave de lectura aquí propuesta contribuye a identificar la pertinencia de cada “lente” para captar las configuraciones particulares de los trabajos y complementar dicho análisis teniendo en cuenta un tiempo y un lugar específicos.
Sociología de la infancia y América Latina como su lugar de enunciación
Authors: Sepúlveda-Kattan Natalia
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo, de corte teórico, se plantea un doble desafío para quienes estudian la sociología de la infancia en América Latina: a) ser críticos frente a la escasa y débil atención que ha dado la sociología a la infancia como fenómeno social; y b) ser críticos frente a la propia disciplina para pensar en las infancias latinoamericanas como fenómenos que se desarrollan en contextos coloniales. Mediante revisión bibliográfica, se sistematizan los elementos que configurarían a la sociología de la infancia como una sociología crítica, y aquellos que permitirían una mirada del fenómeno desde nuestro lugar de enunciación. Se revisan textos de autores críticos y decoloniales que plantearon la importancia del conocimiento situado para pensar desde el propio lugar, planteamientos y autores clásicos de la sociología de la infancia y autores latinoamericanos que han sugerido problemas y particularidades sobre su estudio en el continente, así como los desafíos de la disciplina en ese ámbito. Se concluye que es pertinente buscar una relación entre el pensamiento decolonial y la sociología de la infancia al observar el fenómeno en Latinoamérica, pero que, sin embargo, deben sopesarse las propias tensiones del giro decolonial para lograr puntos de encuentro entre ambos. Asimismo, se plantea que un conocimiento situado sobre las infancias latinoamericanas podría implicar profundas transformaciones en los paradigmas que permiten nuestra comprensión de la sociedad.
Desmontando bosque, sumando luchas sociales: territorialidades y alternativas en el desastre ambiental argentino
Authors: Deon Joaquin Ulises
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se estudian las narrativas colectivas en el contexto de las luchas socioambientales argentinas frente a numerosos desastres ecológicos que han generado alrededor de 95 000 desplazados, entre los años 2010 y 2020. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante metodología cuantitativa de investigación acción-participación; además, se revisaron leyes y publicaciones en redes sociales. El estudio comprueba cómo el complejo desarrollista, en su avanzada colonialista, continúa con el desalojo, desmonte, fumigación y muerte de pueblos y minorías sociales. Con el objetivo de describir las nuevas prácticas del proceso de territorialización y su alto impacto ambiental, se visibilizan las acciones de este complejo de poder que permiten tejer su actual entramado colonialista (particularmente en la provincia de Córdoba). Se indaga en la movilización social emancipatoria, organizada como resistencia frente a tal proceso en las ecorregiones de Gran Chaco y El Espinal. A su vez, se pone en evidencia cómo desde el Estado se ha criminalizado esta lucha, con vistas a romper la articulación social conseguida por las asambleas y movimientos sociales, que han puesto en práctica una construcción colectiva contrahegemónica. Se concluye con la afirmación de que la defensa del bosque y de la vida, tal y como es impulsada por las asambleas socioambientales, desterritorializa progresivamente el agronegocio, la megaminería metalífera y de canteras y el desarrollismo inmobiliario.
Integración sociourbana en la Patagonia argentina: producción material y experiencias
Authors: Ferrari Paula
Published: May 2021

Desde 1970 la ciudad de Puerto Madryn, en la Patagonia argentina, ha experimentado un notorio crecimiento demográfico y urbano, caracterizado por ciertas prácticas de producción de la ciudad que fomentan condiciones desiguales de acceso al suelo y la vivienda, y promueven la segregación socioterritorial y sociourbana. El Barrio Nueva Chubut es producto de estos procesos. En este artículo, se analiza la integración sociourbana de este barrio popular, considerando la producción material y las experiencias de sus habitantes. A partir de relatos de prácticas y sentidos territoriales, se busca comprender cómo es vivida y experimentada la integración sociourbana del sector desde dos categorías principales: el andamiaje material de esa integración y el sentido de pertenencia y los lazos sociales que unen a la comunidad con la ciudad. Se plantea un diseño exploratorio con enfoque metodológico cualitativo que se asienta en la revisión de bibliografía, normativas y la concreción y análisis de entrevistas en profundidad a pobladores y referentes barriales. La integración plena y efectiva del barrio lejos está de efectivizarse. Sus propios habitantes constituyen los principales artífices de la misma con sus luchas y prácticas desde su espacio cotidiano; dichas prácticas permiten el reconocimiento de derechos ciudadanos que no están garantizados, como el derecho a un hábitat digno.
Espejismos nupciales: representaciones salesianas del matrimonio shuar, 1893-1925
Authors: Posligua Rosana
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo la mirada se centra en examinar las diferentes representaciones promovidas por la misión salesiana en torno al matrimonio shuar, desde una perspectiva de género. El contexto abarca el primer período de la incursión salesiana, entre 1893 y 1925, en el interior del Vicariato Apostólico de Méndez y Gualaquiza –actual provincia de Morona Santiago–. Este territorio está localizado en la indefinida frontera del sur de la Amazonía ecuatoriana, colindante con el Perú, y habitado por los aénts chicham (shuar, achuar, wampis, awajún y shiwiar). Este artículo se basa en una investigación de carácter cualitativo e histórico y refleja un estudio de los relatos efectuados por los sacerdotes salesianos de la época. El abordaje interpretativo parte de la perspectiva de género, la cual se considera una categoría flexible en el tiempo y acorde a las condiciones de la realidad concreta. De esta forma se concluye que la concepción sobre hombres y mujeres, la posición de la mujer a través del ciclo de vida, y las representaciones y estereotipos de género que construyeron los misioneros salesianos alrededor del matrimonio shuar proceden de una óptica binaria y androcéntrica. Tal óptica se relaciona con el propósito principal de los misioneros en este período: justificar su intervención evangelizadora al interior de este pueblo.
Guayaramerín: una frontera marcada por el río Mamoré y las cachuelas
Authors: De Marchi-Moyano Bianca , Arraya-Pareja Laura Helena
Published: May 2021

En el artículo se abordan las relaciones entre los cursos hídricos y las fronteras, a partir del caso de Guayaramerín, ciudad limítrofe boliviana, en el departamento del Beni. Este asentamiento se localiza sobre el Mamoré, importante río de la cuenca amazónica, y colinda con un centro urbano casi homónimo en Brasil: Guajará-Mirim. Se describe la localización del asentamiento, su permanencia histórica y crecimiento a partir del rol del río y sus cachuelas en la instalación de Guayaramerín y en la frontera entre Bolivia y Brasil. Se prioriza la recolección de información sobre un punto y no sobre una línea, zona o área político-administrativa. Así, en términos metodológicos, se propone concentrar y contrastar lecturas histórico-legislativas y sociológicas sobre el lugar para comprender su creación, desarrollo y estabilidad en un contexto fronterizo. Además, se revisan los antecedentes coloniales, las primeras exploraciones republicanas en la zona y el origen de su toponimia y sus dinámicas poblacionales. También se aborda la formalización diplomática de la frontera en el período cauchero. Finalmente, se desarrollan apuntes de la historia reciente, que identifican los nuevos intercambios comerciales y poblacionales en el lugar, y se subrayan los aportes del estudio a la discusión sobre las fronteras amazónicas.
Dinámicas, vulnerabilidades y prospectiva de la frontera colombo-venezolana
Authors: Ardila Martha , Lozano Jorge Iván , Quintero María Alejandra
Published: May 2021

Identificar los principales elementos que deben ser considerados en un análisis prospectivo de la frontera colombo-venezolana constituye el objetivo principal de este artículo. Primero, se examina el vínculo de la prospectiva con el riesgo político y con los factores que inciden en su análisis. En segundo lugar, se plantean los aspectos metodológicos basados en la revisión de análisis académicos históricos y coyunturales, de artículos de prensa, y estudios de caso empíricos mediante grupos focales y entrevistas a expertos en el tema para la construcción de indicadores, métodos y escenarios. En tercer lugar, se revisan los elementos conceptuales y prácticos de la frontera, y de las políticas públicas colombianas referentes al tema. En cuarto lugar, se examina el riesgo político, económico y militar en la frontera colombo-venezolana y las particularidades de los ámbitos territoriales elegidos para este estudio, asimismo se plantea la COVID-19 como un factor a tener en cuenta en el análisis de estas regiones. Por último, se analizan tres escenarios: uno posible, uno probable y uno deseable. Se concluye que a corto plazo un escenario probable es el aumento de la migración, las actividades delictivas y el deterioro de la situación económica, todo con el fin de evidenciar, bajo una estructura teórica, las dinámicas existentes en las regiones fronterizas
El Estado ecuatoriano en la frontera suroriental, una construcción desde el afecto, 1893-1964
Authors: Ortiz-Batallas Cecilia
Published: May 2021

En el artículo analizo el proceso de construcción del Estado y la nación en el suroriente ecuatoriano (actual provincia de Morona Santiago) durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Este territorio, ocupado originalmente por los pueblos shuar y achuar, permaneció no delimitado entre Ecuador y Perú desde el nacimiento de la República en 1830 hasta 1998. Ante la insipiencia de las instituciones oficiales en la subregión para la época, rastreo al Estado a través de otras entradas metodológicas, fuera de los entes burocráticos y del centro de poder desde el que se supone opera. Argumento que, en este margen de frontera, los misioneros salesianos representan delegados del Estado ecuatoriano, así como de otros poderes locales externos: la Casa de Don Bosco y el Vaticano. Me enfoco en el significado de autoridad que emerge en los campos de los sentidos: los afectos y desafectos, las ilusiones y las emociones, la violencia, la decepción y el miedo, componentes fundantes en los procesos de dominación política colonialista. Los argumentos se sostienen en fuentes documentales y, fundamentalmente, en la memoria narrada por protagonistas de algunos de los hechos que se analizan. En este escenario, el pueblo shuar no aparece como un actor pasivo, sino que muestra sus habilidades de negociación frente al mensaje de dominación que les llega desde el poder.
Motivating Large Groups of Law Students to Think Critically and Write Like Lawyers: Part 2
Authors: Angela Diane Crocker
Published: May 2021

This two-part article explores two central themes – student motivation and critical thinking – as they relate to teaching law students how to write like lawyers. The article examines these two themes through the lens of a case study on a legal writing programme, the “Write it Like a Lawyer” (WiLL) programme implemented at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban in 2019. The design of the programme draws upon three distinct teaching principles – constructive alignment, learner participation and conversations in feedback. This article argues that by applying these principles when teaching legal writing, law students are motivated to engage critically with legal materials, thereby enabling them to produce persuasive, logical, coherent legal writing, containing well-substantiated arguments. The article is in two parts. Part 1 began by focusing on the theoretical underpinnings of the main themes of the article as well as the teaching principles applied in the WiLL programme. It then went on to describe the significance of the central themes to a legal writing programme such as WiLL. Part 2 of this article moves on to a discussion of the three teaching principles – constructive alignment, learner participation (including blended-learning techniques) and conversations in feedback – and the manner in which these principles were used to achieve the desired outcomes in the WiLL programme. Finally, the second part of the article evaluates the relative success of employing the three principles in order to further student motivation and critical thinking in the programme. The article concludes with recommendations for improvements that could be implemented in future such programmes.
Surrogacy Agreements and the Rights of Children in Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Olusegun Olaitan Oluwaseyi  , Olatawura Oladimeji
Published: May 2021

Surrogacy agreements help to provide children for persons who cannot achieve conception or carry a child to term themselves. This practice has improved several lives over the years but can also be exploitative for some parties involved, if not adequately regulated.Using the doctrinal research method, this study discusses the rights of children in surrogacy agreements and examines the regulation of the practice in Nigeria and South Africa. This study found that a comprehensive framework regulating surrogacy agreements is lacking in Nigeria, while the practice is regulated in South Africa under Chapter 19 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 (Children’s Act). The lack of a legal framework in Nigeria implies that the rights of children born through surrogacy agreements may be violated. Two Bills are however awaiting passage into law in Nigeria.This study thus recommends the enactment of these Bills into one comprehensive law so as to regulate surrogacy agreements effectively in Nigeria and safeguard the well-being of children. Legislation regulating surrogacy agreements in Nigeria should include provisions similar to those found in the Children’s Act of South Africa. Policies that promote the best interests of the child should be adhered to and their rights to know their biological heritage, identity and nationality, and to prevention from harm, should be protected and promoted.
When is a Donor a Daddy? Informal Agreements With Known Sperm Donors: Lessons from Abroad
Authors: Carmel van Niekerk
Published: May 2021

Individuals are increasingly entering into informal agreements with known sperm donors in order to either circumvent the costs involved in using fertility centres or owing to personal beliefs and preferences. When they do so, the legal protection that ordinarily accompanies the use of a fertility centre is either sparse or lacking. The question is what happens when one of the parties reneges on the agreement, either by demanding parental responsibilities or rights in the case of the donor or, in the case of the recipient, by demanding that the donor assumes a parental role when this was never his intention. The position in South Africa is currently unregulated. This article, therefore, examines the position in a number of foreign jurisdictions with the aim of making recommendations for the way forward in South Africa.
Suitability of the Remedy of Divestiture in Non-Merger Cases: A South African Perspective
Authors: Phumudzo S Munyai
Published: May 2021

This article considers the suitability of the remedy of divestiture in non-merger cases, particularly in markets where high concentration levels may embolden incumbents to engage in abusive conduct. The article observes that the prevailing practice in competition-law enforcement is that, while divestiture is an acceptable remedy in merger cases, it is generally eschewed in non-merger cases. The article argues that economic conditions in South Africa provide justification for the use of the divestiture remedy in non-merger cases, particularly in cases of abuse of dominance in concentrated markets. The article observes that there is sufficient legal authority and history supporting the use of the remedy in non-merger cases.
A Critical Appraisal of Dismissals at the Behest of a Third Party: The Impact of the Constitutional Labour Rights
Authors: Tumo Charles Maloka
Published: May 2021

The pivotal judgments on dismissals at the behest of a third party – East Rand Proprietary Mines Ltd v UPUSA, Lebowa Platinum Mines v Hill, NUMSA v Hendor Mining Supplies a Division of Marschalk Beleggings (Pty) Ltd, TSI Holdings (Pty) Ltd v NUMSA, NUPSAW obo Mani v National Lotteries Board and NUMSA v High Goal Investments t/a Chuma Security Services – deeply implicate discrimination in all its manifestations, accountability, gendered precariousness and social justice. This contribution explores the focal questions raised in recent times concerning the fairness of a dismissal at the instance of a third party. First, there are fundamental points relating to the constitutional and statutory protection of security of employment. Secondly, there are those familiar problems often associated with substantive and procedural fairness that surface here under the guise of questioning the disciplinary power of the employer. In this context, inroads into managerial prerogative and disciplinary procedure are amplified where there has been no fault on the part of the employee and no breakdown of the trust relationship, or where the employee has been disciplined, but not dismissed and the employer did not want to terminate the employee’s employment but was coerced by the third party to do so. Thirdly, there is the thorny issue of the reason behind the third-party demand and the related issue of intolerability caused by the targeted employee. And finally, there is the issue of striking in support of a demand for dismissal of a co-employee.
An Analysis of the Right of a Muslim Child Born Out of Wedlock to Inherit from His or Her Deceased Parent in terms of the Law of Succession: A South African Case Study
Authors: Muneer Abduroaf
Published: May 2021

This article analyses the right of a Muslim child born out of wedlock to inherit from his or her deceased parent in terms of the law of succession within the South African context. The status of the child in the South African and Islamic law of intestate succession is first investigated. Thereafter, the status of the child in the South African and Islamic law of testate succession is discussed. The article further looks at the possibility of applying the Islamic law of succession provisions concerning a Muslim child born out of wedlock to the distribution of a deceased estate within the South African legal framework. The article concludes with an analysis of the findings and makes recommendations.
Regulating Construction Procurement Law in South Africa – Does the New Framework for Infrastructure Delivery and Procurement Management Undermine the Rule of Law?
Authors: Allison Anthony
Published: May 2021

Recently, there have been numerous challenges in the legal regulation of construction procurement in South Africa. The Construction Industry Development Board and the National Treasury have brought about a number of new rules in the form of standards and frameworks in order to remove any contradictions and misalignment with applicable legislation. This article looks at the changes that have taken place in the regulation of construction procurement law and whether the new rules indeed assist in removing the challenges posed by previous rules. The research question to be answered is whether the new rules are in fact lawful.
Voluntary Withdrawal in the Context of Attempt – A Defence?
Authors: Shannon Hoctor
Published: May 2021

Once a crime has been committed, full repentance and restoration do not have any bearing on liability, but may be taken into account in mitigation of sentence. On the other hand, there is no question of criminal liability ensuing for an attempt at a crime if there is a withdrawal from the envisaged crime while still in the stage of preparation, and before, in South African law, reaching the watershed moment of the “commencement of the consummation”. However, what occurs between the moment when the attempt begins, and the moment when the crime has been completed, where there has been a withdrawal from the criminal purpose, is more contested terrain. The disagreement does not apparently arise in the South African case law, where the few judgments that refer to this question have consistently held that where the accused withdraws after the commencement of the consummation of the crime, there will be attempt liability and, at best, the accused may rely on the abandonment as a mitigating factor in sentencing. However, as is discussed, prominent South African academic commentators, along with comparative sources in both the civil-law and common-law jurisdictions, demur from such an “unyielding analysis”, and would regard such withdrawal as giving rise to a defence to criminal liability. Which approach ought to be applied in South African law? 

The question may be posed as to how to categorise a defence of voluntary withdrawal? It is neither a justification ground nor a ground excluding fault, but rather a ground excluding punishment. The uniqueness of the defence is demonstrated in that the accused has already met all the requirements for liability, and thus it is not an intending criminal, but an actual criminal who is being considered. This is at least true of the common-law approach (also adopted by South African law), where a two-stage approach is applied to the trial, relating first to establishing criminal liability and followed, if guilt is so established, by an inquiry into sentence. At the outset, it may be stated that the view that is taken in the discussion that follows is that there is no good reason to treat voluntary abandonment as a special defence. As Yaffe has stated, to grant a defence on the basis of abandonment is to mistake the absence of a reason to issue a particular sanction rather than a lower one for a sufficient reason to issue no sanction at all.In the discussion that follows, the current case law is examined, whereafter the alternative approach contended for by some academic writers (and used in other jurisdictions) is discussed; the arguments for and against a renunciation defence are set out, before these aspects are drawn together in a final concluding analysis.
The Efficacy of Section 2(4)(l) of the National Environmental Management Act in the Context of Cooperative Environmental Governance
Authors: Bramley Jemain Lemine
Published: May 2021

Wetlands are regulated by a plethora of specific environmental management Acts (SEMAs). The mandate of these Acts sits within various environmental affairs departments. Thus, the same resource is regulated and managed by a series of different legislation and environmental administrators. The National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) is the national environmental framework Act and stresses in its purpose the need for cooperative environmental governance (CEG) which, arguably, raises no concern for the way wetlands are currently regulated and managed, as long as this is done in a manner that promotes CEG. Section 2 of NEMA sets out a series of sustainable development principles that all organs of state must apply in all matters relating to the environment; “environment” is read throughout to include wetlands. Section 2(4)(l) is dubbed the “co-operative governance principle” and mandates the “intergovernmental co-ordination and harmonisation of policies, legislation and actions relating to the environment”. With this in mind, this note, by way of a document analysis, seeks to ascertain whether legislation and policies and action relating to the wetlands regulation and management are in fact coordinated. The presented findings indicate that coordination is lacking, which consequently adversely affects the management, conservation and protection of wetlands in South Africa. The recommendations aim to bring about law reform to improve coordination that bolsters wetlands management as well as their conservation and protection, while simultaneously promoting the objectives of section 41 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution).
The “Revolving Door” of the Customary Marriages’ Validity Requirement in Action ‒ Mbungela v Mkabi [2019] ZASCA 134
Authors: Mpho Paulus Bapela  , Phillip Lesetja Monyamane
Published: May 2021

On the face of it, section 3 of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 (RCMA) does not look ominous. Notwithstanding the plain language of the above provision, there is abundant case law and academic articles dealing with the interpretation and/or application of section 3(1)(b) in particular. A decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) in Mbungela v Mkabi ((820/2018) [2019] ZASCA 134) adds to what is fast becoming a jurisprudence of the salient issues relating to the understanding of paragraph (b) of subsection (1). The issue of the scope of this paragraph has become more relevant in the inquiry into the transfer and/or integration of the bride into the groom’s family pursuant to the conclusion of a lobolo agreement. In his latest academic offering, Manthwa introduces this ongoing Achilles heel of customary marriages by referencing a number of cases and academic opinions; the references serve to justify the relevance of his work in the presence of so much jurisprudence on the topic. It is prudent to highlight also that Bakker provided an insightful criticism of the court a quo in Mkabe v Minister of Home Affairs ((2014/84704) [2016] ZAGPPHC 460). On the whole, it is argued here that the judgment of the SCA is incorrect in a few material respects and that the criticism by Bakker of the court a quo is legally sound and contributes meaningfully to the jurisprudence in this area.As this case note demonstrates, the SCA not only incorrectly interprets and applies the law, but the judgment also unjustifiably departs from precedents relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. In effect therefore, it is submitted, the SCA establishes a changeable attitude relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. This attitude is symptomatic of an apparent constitutional interpretation that desires a specific outcome almost at any cost. As such, this case note is relevant as it captures the latest instalment of the changing attitude towards the precepts of the transfer and/or integration of the bride. Thus, there is as much a need for continuous monitoring of this revolving door of interpretation and/or application as there is for cases dealing with this aspect. The matter is therefore considered as unsettled and merits ongoing academic discourse.This issue of unsettled law finds resonance in the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court in Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha ([2004] ZACC 17 par 112).In light of the foregoing, the casuistic and often contradictory jurisdiction on the issue of transfer and/or integration of the bride is considered in the context of the constitutional injunction in terms of section 39(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) and the facts of the case in Mbungela v Mkabi (supra).
POPIA Code of Conduct for Research (with corrigendum)
Authors: Adams Rachel , Adeleke Fola , Anderson Dominique , Bawa Ahmed , Branson Nicola , Christoffels Alan , De Vries Jantina , Etheredge Harriet , Flack-Davison Eleni , Gaffley Mark , Marks Monique , Mdhluli Mongezi , Mahomed Safia , Molefe Mapitso , Muthivhi Tshilidzi , Ncube Caroline , Olckers Antonel , Papathanasopoulos Maria , Pillay Jane , Schonwetter Tobias , Singh Jerome Amir , Swanepoel Carmen , Ramsay Michèle
Published: May 2021

The POPIA Code of Conduct for Research, as it is currently being considered, pertains to research conducted in South Africa, which, as part of the research process, uses personal information as defined under POPIA. This Discussion Document outlines the main areas relating to the processing of personal information for research purposes which the proposed Code will address, including what consent models would be permissible under POPIA; the issues in relation to genetic research and the processing of personal information contained in inherited characteristics; the use of information matching programmes by researchers; and the use of personal information obtained from social media platforms for research. With ongoing and wide consultation with the scientific community in South Africa and all relevant stakeholders, it is hoped that the Code will provide guidance in supporting the lawful and responsible use of personal information while conducting scientific research in South Africa.

The purpose and scope of the Code of Conduct for Research are set out in the accompanying Commentary available at https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/10935
Tissue freezing in Cryostor solution + processing v1
Authors: Hoo Regina
Published: May 2021

Tissue freezing in cryostor solution and recovery for tissue processing
Deep learning-based quantitative estimation of lymphedema-induced fibrosis using three-dimensional computed tomography images v1
Authors: Ho Hwang Chang , Hyewon Son , Lee Suwon , Koo Kyo-In
Published: May 2021

Technically, CT can visualize superficially and deeply located fibrosis, but CT image-processing techniques require burdensome manual predefinition and have lack of clinical evidence. For standardized measurement, verification of deep learning-based recognition was performed.
Education: An Excellent Opportunity to Respect, Maintain and Promote Indigenous Children’s Cultural and Linguistic Richness
Authors: Carpio Karla Del
Published: May 2021

Education can provide the opportunity to affirm indigenous children’s cultural and linguistic identity by using their funds of knowledge as an essential tool in the teaching and learning process.  This paper emphasizes the importance of using indigenous children’s voices, knowledge, and wisdom to continue to develop their talents and capacities to share, learn, inquire, analyze, and create. To do so, indigenous children should be given the opportunity to participate in meaningful activities that allow them to utilize their native language and culture which can be done through bilingual discussions, debates, artistic works, creation of poems, singing of songs, games and group activities related to their own indigenous culture while using both their native and second languages. Also, critical thinking skills can be developed through the use of this type of activities that can be artistic and also promote collaborative work since bringing the community together is fundamental in the indigenous cosmovision. In addition, the techniques that are suggested in this piece can help create a peaceful/harmonious environment in the classroom where students’ affective filters are open to welcome and practice the target language since enriching interactions that embrace diversity in all its dimensions are promoted. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to share some ideas to make the teaching and learning process more meaningful, respectful, harmonious, and enjoyable through artistic activities that promote indigenous children’s own language, culture and cosmovision. The ideas that will be discussed in this piece are based on a qualitative research study conducted at a Spanish-Indigenous Tsotsil bilingual school in Chiapas, Mexico.
The Effect of Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Collaborative Instruction on Students’ Writing and Speaking Skills
Authors: Murad Tareq , Sakhnin Yusra Ghadeer, , Assadi Jamal
Published: May 2021

The current study seeks to examine English teachers’ attitudes towards using the collaborative teaching method to improve students’ skills at writing and speaking English. The purpose is to test the main following hypotheses: first, English language teachers are mostly unfamiliar with collaborative learning. Second, these techniques are not regularly used in English lessons. Third, most students enjoy practicing them. Fourth, these techniques lead to better performance in the students` language skills. The study was conducted among 15 high school English teachers. A questionnaire was used as a practical part. Data were collected and the results were: English teachers know and support learning techniques; they agree on the importance of these methods in the teaching process especially in improving students` language skills. Students enjoy practicing them. Common suggestions were proposed by the teachers for improving writing and speaking skills such as involvement of students in planning the learning process and setting goals and allowing for self-expression and teamwork. The importance of using various learning tools in combination with the collaborative methods was also emphasized. Finally, the research recommends that this kind of learning should be part

of the teachers' training program.
Vowel Elision in Ikhin, an Edoid Language in South-south Nigeria
Authors: T. Opoola Bolanle , Oladimeji Olaide
Published: May 2021

In this paper, attention is on the basic factors that come into force in determining whether or not vowel will elide and which of the V1 and V2 in a sequence should disappear in any environment. This paper also examines the phonological, morphological and syntactic reasons behind vowel elision as a syllable structure process in Ikhin language. As in the case of related African languages that have been previously described by various scholars, this paper presents how vowel elision works in Ikhin and the problems arising from its analysis. In this study, the focus is on the explanation and analysis of factors such as boundary, morpheme structure and vowel quality which actually determine whether or not elision should take place in Ikhin. Apart from factors such as vowel quality and boundary, one other factor with respect to elision or glide formation is the syllable structure of the verbs and nouns in Ikhin. Ikhin nouns are either disyllabic i.e. V(C)V or trisyllabic, etc. It is argued that the operation of vowel elision is blocked in disyllabic nouns as /i/, /o/ and /u/ form glides when either of them occurs as V1 whereas vowel elision rather than glide formation takes place in trisyllabic nouns. The study concludes based on data not previously discussed in the language that elision is driven by syllable-based and syntactic-based analyses and that a major strategy of discouraging vowel cluster in Ikhin is vowel elision because the syllable structure of the language prohibits cluster of vowels within word or across word boundary.
Moderating Effects of Self-efficacy on Chinese Language Achievement for Minority Students
Authors: Zhang Qiuling , Zhao Ningning , Han Xiangying , Cheng Li , Zheng Yufei
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article was to explore the effect of the contextual variables and individual variables on the language achievement for the minority students in Chinese primary school. There were 9,102 students from grade 2 to grade 6 who participated in the investigation, including 578 minority and 4731 girls from five regions with different developing levels. Firstly, the results show that the ethnicity does not have a direct effect on the language achievement and the self-efficacy has moderating effect for ethnicity on language achievement. Secondly, the gender and parents’ career have a direct and indirect effect on the language achievement. Male minority students with lower parents’ careers level would have a high probability to fall in the language achievement. But, all these effects are moderated by the students’ self-efficacy. Finally, it implied that the early efforts to promote the students’ self-efficacy beliefs would enhance the future language achievement for the minority students in the primary school.
Efficacy of EFL Teachers’ Assessment Literacy and Professional Identity in Boosting Learners’ Autonomy
Authors: Yazdani Hooshang , Ghasedi Parviz
Published: May 2021

This study was set out to investigate the effects of EFL teachers’ assessment literacy and professional identity on learners’ autonomy. Meanwhile, the relationship between teachers’ assessment literacy and professional identity was investigated. Moreover, educators’ perspectives on learner autonomy were studied. To this end, 40 EFL teachers participated in the study through completing assessment literacy scale developed by Mertler (2003) and teacher professional identity questionnaire designed by Beijaard et al. (2000). Besides, 20 EFL teachers were interviewed. Likewise, 110 upper-intermediate EFL learners answered Zhang and Li’s (2004) learner autonomy questionnaire. A mixed method design was used to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that teachers’ assessment literacy was linked to their professional identity. Moreover, assessment literacy and professional identity had fruitful effects on learner autonomy. The findings made it certain that teachers believed in learners’ abilities however they didn’t know how to cultivate autonomous learners.
A Review of the Research on Pre-service English Teachers' Professional Development Based on Mobile Technology
Authors: Gao Miaomiao , Tu Xifang , Li Junshui
Published: May 2021

Great changes have taken place in educational methods under the background of "internet plus", and the emergence of mobile learning indicates that there is another effective way for the development of pre-service teachers. This study takes the related papers published from 2008 to 2020 as the research objects, summarizes the research status of MALL in China from the aspects of concept definition, research methods and research topics, and analyzes the existing problems and development trends. The results show that in recent years, the research development of mobile learning at home and abroad has been accelerated, and the research objects and topics are diverse, but the research on the dimensions of pre-service English teachers is less, which needs to be strengthened urgently.
Morphosyntactic Analysis of Onitsha Personal Names
Authors: Ezeudo Chika Obiageli , Aboh Sopuruchi Christian , Idika Kalu Mba
Published: May 2021

This study examines Onitsha personal names (OPN) from a morphosyntactic perspective. The major objective of this study is to examine the syntactic and morphological structure of some OPN. Specifically, the study seeks to ascertain the morphological processes and the relation in the internal structures of the morpheme that are combined to form the names. A sample of 250 names for both male and female were used for the analysis. The data were obtained from a list of names in schools, men and women religious associations. Oral interviews were conducted with native speakers in order to get clarifications as it concerns the meaning of the names. The roots, stems, and affixes of the names were analysed using the descriptive approach and applying the word formation rules. The findings reveal the following: that most of the morphological processes in the formation of OPN are predominantly clipping, prefixing and suffixing in a hierarchical manner, such that the meaning of the names are predictable from their structural components and most of these names are derived from clauses by desententialisation process; the philosophy behind the names are often lost due to clipping; OPN at sentential level can function as statements, interrogatives, or imperatives, commands; the morphological components in terms of size, length or shape can be monomorphemic, dimorphemic, trimorphemic and polymorphemic. Structurally, they can be single stem, compound or complex.
Negation in Languages: A Urhobo Perspective
Authors: Chukwudi Iwuala, Zebulon , Oghoghophia Imu, Famous
Published: May 2021

This paper examines negation and types of tense negation in Urhobo. It also identifies negation marker(s) and the manner in which these negation marker(s) are used in sentences. Transformational generative grammar theory of analysis was used in the work. The aim of this study is to determine the syntactic characteristics of negation in Urhobo. The study shows that negative construction in the Urhobo language involves the doubling of the last vowel of the last word in sentences; or what may be called the lengthening of the last vowel of the lexical item in the sentence. Also, the low-high tone can do the same function as the lexical or grammatical tone. It was observed that negation is a natural phenomenon that cuts across Urhobo, and that the orthographic representation of the low tone, which is the copying of the final vowel, is written contiguously while other negative markers are written separately. It was also observed that Urhobo operates suffixation. Finally, the study work reveals ejo, je, odie and and oyen as negative markers in Urhobo.