bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a 2‐Aminobenzimidazole Scaffold that Potentiates Gram‐Positive Selective Antibiotics Against Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Nemeth Ansley M. , Young Milah M. , Melander Roberta J. , Smith Richard D. , Ernst Robert K. , Melander Christian
Published: March 2024

The development of novel therapeutic approaches is crucial in the fight against multi‐drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, particularly gram‐negative species. Small molecule adjuvants that enhance the activity of otherwise gram‐positive selective antibiotics against gram‐negative bacteria have the potential to expand current treatment options. We have previously reported adjuvants based upon a 2‐aminoimidazole (2‐AI) scaffold that potentiate macrolide antibiotics against several gram‐negative pathogens. Herein, we report the discovery and structure‐activity relationship (SAR) investigation of an additional class of macrolide adjuvants based upon a 2‐aminobenzimidazole (2‐ABI) scaffold. The lead compound lowers the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin (CLR) from 512 to 2 μg/mL at 30 μM against Klebsiella pneumoniae 2146, and from 32 to 2 μg/mL at 5 μM, against Acinetobacter baumannii 5075. Preliminary investigation into the mechanism of action suggests that the compounds are binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in K. pneumoniae, and modulating lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis, assembly, or transport in A. baumannii.
Right disc thrombosis of the new Gore Cardioform ASD Occluder
Authors: Oliva Omar A. , Giugno Luca , Moroni Alice , Sturla Francesco , Piazza Luciane , Saracino Antonio , Micheletti Angelo , d'Aiello Angelo Fabio , Reali Matteo , Chessa Massimo , Carminati Mario
Published: March 2024

Background

The GCA is a well performing device in terms of efficacy despite complex anatomies (aortic rim <5 mm and ASD diameter >17 mm) with a good safety profile.

Aims

To evaluate atrial septal defect (ASD) features impacting on right disc device thrombosis in patients who underwent Gore Cardioform ASD Occluder (GCA) implantation.

Methods

A total of 44 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous ASD with GCA device from January 2020 to September 2022 at our tertiary care Center were evaluated. The minimum follow‐up was 6 months.

Results

The patients were stratified in two groups according to a cut‐off value of ASD diameter equal to 20 mm at sizing balloon, derived from ROC analysis (AUC = 0.894; p = 0.024). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups in terms of age, sex, weight, height, and interatrial septum dimensions. Patients with ASD > 20 mm (n = 9) had a higher ASD/device dimension ratio, both at echocardiography (p = 0.009) and at sizing balloon (p = 0.001), longer fluoroscopic time (p = 0.022), and higher incidence of device thrombosis (0.006). Right disc thrombosis was observed in three patients of the ASD > 20 mm group, always in the inferior portion of the right disc. On univariate analysis, ASD diameter at sizing balloon (OR 1.360; p = 0.036) was the only positive predictor of device thrombosis.

Conclusions

Right disc thrombosis of the GCA device may be under‐recognized at follow‐up, hence deserving clinical attention, especially in those patients with larger ASD diameters.
Electroreductive Decomplexation and Isomerism of Copper(II) Complexes with Cyclam Ligands for Medical Use
Authors: Koláčná Lucie , Maďar Milan , Kubíček Vojtěch , Ludvík Jiří
Published: March 2024

Detailed electrochemical study of copper(II) complexes of cyclam bearing two phosphonate (TE2P), phenolate (TE2PhOH) or carboxylate (TE2A) pendant arms (together with one cross‐bridged‐cyclam derivative cb‐TE2A) was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and polarography. The electrochemical‐heterogeneous measurements were accompanied by UV‐vis spectra describing the situation in homogeneous phase. Reduction of complexes on mercury electrode in buffered aqueous solutions (pH 2–12) occurs generally as a two‐electron process of reductive decomposition. The formed Cu‐amalgam can be (e. g. during the anodic scan of CV) reoxidized to Cu(II) cation which undergoes re‐complexation resulting in the original complex. This process of a square diagram is manifold repeatable. The results also showed presence of several isomers differing in mutual orientation of substituents on cyclam nitrogen atoms. The primary “kinetic”, pentacoordinated isomers are irreversibly transformed to the stable, hexacoordinated “thermodynamic” ones upon heating. The development of isomerization process was followed electrochemically. The cross‐bridged cb‐TE2A derivative forms only one isomer which does not change even after heating. The higher stability of the complex manifests itself at pH>8 when the complex is reversibly reduced in one‐electron step, formally CuII/CuI, without decomposition.
Efficient N2 Electrofixation to NH3 Through Optimizing Binder‐Catalyst Configuration
Authors: Aslambakhsh Amirhamzeh , Kentish Sandra E. , Scholes Colin A.
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen electrofixation under ambient conditions is a promising approach to synthesize ammonia sustainably but improving the yield and efficiency remains a challenge. This is due to the competition between the nitrogen electrofixation and hydrogen evolution reactions, which can be depressed through appropriate working electrode design. This study investigated the influence of the catalyst‐binder configuration on ammonia yield and Faradic efficiency. A series of working electrodes were tested in an aqueous system, with the proton and electron transfer on the working electrode found to be dependent on the catalyst material, binder material, and binder hydrophobicity. The use of a binder with low proton/electron conductivity increased Faradic efficiency by hindering the hydrogen evolution reaction and reducing charge transfer to the catalytic material. Utilising a hydrophobic binder significantly improved ammonia yield. Furthermore, nitrogen sorption experiments revealed that the catalyst‘s nitrogen affinity exerts a greater influence on ammonia yield than the binder‘s affinity. The best performance was observed for a semi‐conductive catalyst based on vanadium, integrated within a highly hydrophobic perfluorinated binder. At ambient conditions in 0.1 M hydrogen chloride, 39.3±4.3 
of ammonia was synthesized with 38.5±4.5 % Faradic efficiency at −0.2 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode.
Three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed MXene high‐voltage aqueous micro‐supercapacitors with ultrahigh areal energy density and low‐temperature tolerance
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Zhang Qingxiao , Ma Jiaxin , Das Pratteek , Zhang Liangzhu , Liu Hanqing , Wang Sen , Li Hui , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: March 2024

The rapid advancement in the miniaturization, integration, and intelligence of electronic devices has escalated the demand for customizable micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with high energy density. However, efficient microfabrication of safe and high‐energy MXene MSCs for integrating microelectronics remains a significant challenge due to the low voltage window in aqueous electrolytes (typically ≤0.6 V) and limited areal mass loading of MXene microelectrodes. Here, we tackle these challenges by developing a high‐concentration (18 mol kg−1) “water‐in‐LiBr” (WiB) gel electrolyte for MXene symmetric MSCs (M‐SMSCs), demonstrating a record high voltage window of 1.8 V. Subsequently, additive‐free aqueous MXene ink with excellent rheological behavior is developed for three‐dimensional (3D) printing customizable all‐MXene microelectrodes on various substrates. Leveraging the synergy of a high‐voltage WiB gel electrolyte and 3D‐printed microelectrodes, quasi‐solid‐state M‐SMSCs operating stably at 1.8 V are constructed, and achieve an ultrahigh areal energy density of 1772 μWh cm−2 and excellent low‐temperature tolerance, with a long‐term operation at −40°C. Finally, by extending the 3D printing protocol, M‐SMSCs are integrated with humidity sensors on a single planar substrate, demonstrating their reliability in miniaturized integrated microsystems.
Delta‐convex structure of the singular set of distance functions
Authors: Miura Tatsuya , Tanaka Minoru
Published: March 2024

For the distance function from any closed subset of any complete Finsler manifold, we prove that the singular set is equal to a countable union of delta‐convex hypersurfaces up to an exceptional set of codimension two. In addition, in dimension two, the whole singular set is equal to a countable union of delta‐convex Jordan arcs up to isolated points. These results are new even in the standard Euclidean space and shown to be optimal in view of regularity.
Synthesis of Deuterated Compounds by Flow Chemistry
Authors: Kamio Shintaro , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Yamagishi Takehiro , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: March 2024

Development of the efficient and practical method for the synthesis of deuterated compounds which occupies the broadest area among stable isotopes is one of the most essential issues toward the industrial advance and building a sustainable society. This review describes recent advances in deuteration reactions, where the continuous flow chemistry plays pivotal roles for the successful installation of deuterium atom into diverse organic frameworks, opening new fields of isotope‐based synthetic chemistry.
Ligand Environment and Light: Two Triggers for Controlling Cytotoxicity of Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes
Authors: Yakovlev Ivan A. , Golubeva Julia A. , Klyushova Lyubov S. , Nadolinny Vladimir A. , Kostin Gennadiy A. , Mikhailov Artem A.
Published: March 2024

Photoinduced nitric oxide (NO) release for complexes [RuNO(L)2(NO2)2OH], where L=methyl isonicotinate (1), ethyl isonicotinate (2), methyl nicotinate (3) and ethyl nicotinate (4) was studied in DMSO, MeCN and water solutions (PBS, CTAB) using spectroscopic methods (UV‐vis, IR, EPR) and spectrometric techniques (ESI‐MS). Additionally, we present methodological evidence for improving the calculation of the quantum yield (QY) of NO release through the utilization of a combined IR‐UV‐vis‐spectroscopy flow‐through setup. According to DFT calculations, the production of nitric oxide occurs through the photoinduced cleavage of the Ru−NO bond, triggered by irradiation at 445 or 532 nm. This cleavage is a consequence of charge transfer from the orbitals of the Ru−OH group and the equatorial ligands (HOMO, HOMO‐1) to the Ru−NO antibonding orbital (LUMO). The cytotoxicity and photoinduced cytotoxicity of the investigated compounds were assessed against the breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF‐7. Moreover, the investigation of the lipophilic properties of compounds 1–4 unveiled a significant influence of their lipophilicity on cytotoxic behavior, allowing for the modification of cytotoxicity through changes in the ligand L or by light irradiation.
Is developmental plasticity triggered by DNA methylation changes in the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina)?
Authors: Yagound Boris , Sarma Roshmi R. , Edwards Richard J. , Richardson Mark F. , Rodriguez Lopez Carlos M. , Crossland Michael R. , Brown Gregory P. , DeVore Jayna L. , Shine Richard , Rollins Lee A.
Published: March 2024

Many organisms can adjust their development according to environmental conditions, including the presence of conspecifics. Although this developmental plasticity is common in amphibians, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Exposure during development to either ‘cannibal cues’ from older conspecifics, or ‘alarm cues’ from injured conspecifics, causes reduced growth and survival in cane toad (Rhinella marina) tadpoles. Epigenetic modifications, such as changes in DNA methylation patterns, are a plausible mechanism underlying these developmental plastic responses. Here we tested this hypothesis, and asked whether cannibal cues and alarm cues trigger the same DNA methylation changes in developing cane toads. We found that exposure to both cannibal cues and alarm cues was associated with local changes in DNA methylation patterns. These DNA methylation changes affected genes putatively involved in developmental processes, but in different genomic regions for different conspecific‐derived cues. Genetic background explains most of the epigenetic variation among individuals. Overall, the molecular mechanisms triggered by exposure to cannibal cues seem to differ from those triggered by alarm cues. Studies linking epigenetic modifications to transcriptional activity are needed to clarify the proximate mechanisms that regulate developmental plasticity in cane toads.
Diuretic use and outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Insights from the VICTORIA trial
Authors: Ezekowitz Justin , Alemayehu Wendimagegn , Edelmann Frank , Ponikowski Piotr , Lam Carolyn S.P. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Butler Javed , Corda Stefano , McMullan Ciaran J. , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Voors Adriaan A. , Mentz Robert J. , Armstrong Paul W. ,   for the VICTORIA Study Group
Published: March 2024

Aims

In VICTORIA, vericiguat compared with placebo reduced the risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) and heart failure hospitalization (HFH) in patients enrolled after a worsening heart failure (WHF) event. We examined clinical outcomes and efficacy of vericiguat as it relates to background use of loop diuretics in patients with WHF.

Methods and results

We calculated the total daily loop diuretic dose equivalent to furosemide dosing at randomization and categorized these as: no loop diuretic, 1–39, 41–80, 40, and >80 mg total daily dose (TDD). The primary composite outcome of CVD/HFH and its components were evaluated based on TDD loop diuretic and expressed as adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Post‐randomization rates of change in TDD were also examined. Of 4974 patients (98% of the trial) with diuretic dose information available at randomization, 540 (10.8%) were on no loop diuretic, 647 (13.0%) were on 1–39, 1633 (32.8%) were on 40, 1185 (23.8%) were on 41–80, and 969 (19.4%) were on >80 mg TDD. Patients with higher TDD had a higher rate of primary and secondary clinical outcomes. There were no significant interactions with TDD at randomization and efficacy of vericiguat versus placebo for any outcome (all pinteraction > 0.5). Post‐randomization diuretic dose changes for vericiguat and placebo showed similar rates of up‐titration (19.6 and 20.2/100 person‐years), down‐titration (16.8 and 18.1/100 person‐years), and stopping diuretics (22.9 and 24.2/100 person‐years).

Conclusions

Loop diuretic TDD at randomization was independently associated with worse outcomes in this high‐risk population. The efficacy of vericiguat was consistent across the range of diuretic doses.
Reduced 2,2’‐Bipyridine Lanthanide Metallocenes Provide Access to Mono‐C5Me5 and Polyazide Complexes
Authors: Stennett Cary R. , Ziller Joseph W. , Evans William J.
Published: March 2024

Exploration of the reduction chemistry of the 2,2’‐bipyridine (bipy) lanthanide metallocene complexes Cp*2LnCl(bipy) and Cp*2Ln(bipy) (Cp* = C5Me5) resulted in the isolation of a series of complexes with unusual composition and structure including complexes with a single Cp* ligand, multiple azide ligands, and bipy ligands with close parallel orientations. These results not only reveal new structural types, but they also show the diverse chemistry displayed by this redox‐active platform. Treatment of Cp*2NdCl(bipy) with excess KC8 resulted in the formation of the mono‐Cp* Nd(III) complex, [K(crypt)]2[Cp*Nd(bipy)2], 1, as well as [K(crypt)][Cp*2NdCl2], 2, and the previously reported [K(crypt)][Cp*2Nd(bipy)]. A mono‐Cp* Lu(III) complex, Cp*Lu(bipy)2, 3, was also found in an attempt to make Cp*2Lu(bipy) from LuCl3, 2 equiv. of KCp*, bipy, and K/KI. Surprisingly, the (bipy)1− ligands in neighboring molecules in the structure of 3 are oriented in a parallel fashion with intermolecular C⋅⋅⋅C distances of 3.289(4) Å, which are shorter than the sum of van der Waals radii of two carbon atoms, 3.4 Å. Another product with one Cp* ligand per lanthanide was isolated from the reaction of [K(crypt)][Cp*2Eu(bipy)] with azobenzene, which afforded the dimeric Eu(II) complex, [K(crypt)]2[Cp*Eu(THF)(PhNNPh)]2, 4. Attempts to make 4 from the reaction between Cp*2Eu(THF)2 and a reduced azobenzene anion generated instead the mixed‐valent Eu(III)/Eu(II) complex, [K(crypt)][Cp*Eu(THF)(PhNNPh)]2, 5, which allows direct comparison with the bimetallic Eu(II) complex 4. Mono‐Cp* complexes of Yb(III) are obtained from reactions of the Yb(II) complex, [K(crypt)][Cp*2Yb(bipy)], with trimethylsilylazide, which afforded the tetra‐azido [K(crypt)]2[Cp*Yb(N3)4], 6, or the di‐azido complex [K(crypt)]2[Cp*Yb(N3)2(bipy)], 7 a, depending on the reaction stoichiometry. A mono‐Cp* Yb(III) complex is also isolated from reaction of [K(crypt)][Cp*2Yb(bipy)] with elemental sulfur which forms the mixed polysulfido Yb(III) complex [K(crypt)]2[Cp*Yb(S4)(S5)], 8 a. In contrast to these reactions that form mono‐Cp* products, reduction of Cp*2Yb(bipy) with 1 equiv. of KC8 in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 resulted in the complete loss of Cp* ligands and the formation of [K(18‐c‐6)(THF)][Yb(bipy)4], 9. The (bipy)1− ligands of 9 are arranged in a parallel orientation, as observed in the structure of 3, except in this case this interaction is intramolecular and involves pairs of ligands bound to the same Yb atom. Attempts to reduce further the Sm(II) (bipy)1− complex, Cp*2Sm(bipy) with 2 equiv. of KC8 in the presence of excess 18‐crown‐6 led to the isolation of a Sm(III) salt of (bipy)2− with an inverse sandwich Cp* counter‐cation and a co‐crystallized K(18‐c‐6)Cp* unit, [K2(18‐c‐6)2Cp*]2[Cp*2Sm(bipy)]2 ⋅ [K(18‐c‐6)Cp*], 10.
Boron‐Based Enantiomerism
Authors: Braun Manfred
Published: March 2024

Boron‐based enantiomerism is fragile due to the inherent tendency of a dissociation of a ligand from tetra‐coordinate chiral boron complexes under formation of the achiral tri‐coordinate species. This review will present the different approaches in overcoming the inherent tendency of racemization in boron‐stereogenic compounds. When embedded in an environment of chiral ligands or substituents, configurationally stable boron stereogenic centers can form in a diastereoselective manner. Compounds incorporating boron as the exclusive stereogenic center are obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures. The recently developed – much more efficient – methods of a catalytic, enantioselective creation of boron stereogenic compounds are highlighted in this review. Finally the chiroptical properties of enantiomerically pure boron complexes that makes them promising materials or devices are addressed.
Objectively measured activity is not associated with average pain intensity 1 week after surgery: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Komann M. , Dreiling J. , Baumbach P. , Weinmann C. , Kalso E. , Stamer U. , Volk T. , Pogatzki‐Zahn E. , Kehlet H. , Meissner W.
Published: March 2024

Background

Measures of physical activity and pain‐related patient‐reported outcomes are important components of patient recovery after surgery. However, little is known about their association in the early post‐operative period. This study aims to increase this knowledge. Our primary objective was to determine the association between average pain intensity and activity (in steps) 1 week after surgery. Secondary objectives were the association of activity with other patient‐reported outcomes, age, sex, comorbidities and body mass index.

Methods

Data were obtained from the PROMPT sub‐project of IMI‐PainCare. Patients after breast and endometriosis‐related surgery, sternotomy and total knee arthroplasty completed pain‐related outcomes questionnaires and wore an ActiGraph activity‐tracking device. We correlated steps with average pain intensity on post‐operative days 6 and 7. Secondary analyses were done using correlations and t‐tests.

Results

In 284 cases, there was no statistically significant correlation between steps and average pain intensity. In addition, none of the 28 secondary analyses showed a statistically significant result.

Conclusions

Pain‐related patient‐reported outcome measures and physical activity are separate entities. Both should be measured after surgery to assess patient recovery and to identify treatment deficiencies.

Significance Statement

Measuring recovery is a multi‐dimensional challenge. After surgery, clinicians need to be aware that neither pain intensity nor activity levels tell the whole story. Each can hint to problems and treatment requirements.
Employee voice in times of crisis: A conceptual framework exploring the role of Human Resource practices and Human Resource system strength
Authors: Nyfoudi Margarita , Kwon Bora , Wilkinson Adrian
Published: March 2024

Despite extensive developments in the field of Human Resource Management, we still have limited and fragmented knowledge of how the external and internal environment of an organization influences direct employee voice. In this conceptual paper, we draw on signaling theory and theorize on whether and, if so, how direct employee voice and organizational voice climate are shaped at times of macro and organizational turbulence. Specifically, we introduce the concepts of solidary, utilitarian, and opportunistic crisis‐related Human Resource (HR) practices and propose that they send different signals to employees, influencing their voice perceptions in distinctive ways. We also theorize that employees interpret these signals vis‐à‐vis the experienced meso‐ and macroturbulence, a process that affects HR system strength and the subsequent formulation of voice perceptions and voice climate emergence. With this work, we contribute to the voice and strategic HR literature by offering an integrated and multilayered understanding of how top‐down processes at turbulent times such as crisis‐related HR practices can influence bottom‐up emergent phenomena.
Role of calcium integrin‐binding protein 1 in the mechanobiology of the liver endothelium
Authors: Wang Cong , Felli Eric , Selicean Sonia , Nulan Yeliduosi , Lozano Juan José , Guixé‐Muntet Sergi , Bosch Jaume , Berzigotti Annalisa , Gracia‐Sancho Jordi
Published: March 2024

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) dysfunction is a key process in the development of chronic liver disease (CLD). Progressive scarring increases liver stiffness in a winch‐like loop stimulating a dysfunctional liver cell phenotype. Cellular stretching is supported by biomechanically modulated molecular factors (BMMFs) that can translocate into the cytoplasm to support mechanotransduction through cytoskeleton remodeling and gene transcription. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of stiffness‐induced LSECs dysfunction remain largely unclear. Here we propose calcium‐ and integrin‐binding protein 1 (CIB1) as BMMF with crucial role in LSECs mechanobiology in CLD. CIB1 expression and translocation was characterized in healthy and cirrhotic human livers and in LSECs cultured on polyacrylamide gels with healthy and cirrhotic‐like stiffnesses. Following the modulation of CIB1 with siRNA, the transcriptome was scrutinized to understand downstream effects of CIB1 downregulation. CIB1 expression is increased in LSECs in human cirrhosis. In vitro, CIB1 emerges as an endothelial BMMF. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells and LSECs, CIB1 expression and localization are modulated by stiffness‐induced trafficking across the nuclear membrane. LSECs from cirrhotic liver tissue both in animal model and human disease exhibit an increased amount of CIB1 in cytoplasm. Knockdown of CIB1 in LSECs exposed to high stiffness improves LSECs phenotype by regulating the intracellular tension as well as the inflammatory response. Our results demonstrate that CIB1 is a key factor in sustaining cellular tension and stretching in response to high stiffness. CIB1 downregulation ameliorates LSECs dysfunction, enhancing their redifferentiation, and reducing the inflammatory response.
Insight into the molecular mechanism, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of phyto‐reduced silver nanoparticles in MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Khalil Ali Talha , Zia Asad , Hassan Ishtiaq , Shinwari Zabta Khan
Published: March 2024

This contribution insight on the cytotoxic and anticancer activities and molecular mechanism of phyto‐reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. A simple, entirely green synthesis process was optimized for the phyto‐reduction of AgNP (~12.7 nm) using aqueous leaf extracts of Indigofera heterantha. The structural and vibrational properties of biosynthesized AgNPs were extensively characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while their shape and morphology was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay indicates concentration dependent inhibition with IC50, 27.93 ± 2.10 μg/mL against MCF‐7 cells and 294.38 ± 3.87 μg/mL against L929 cells. The manifested anticancer mechanism in MCF‐7 cells was extensively studied using Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and Annexin‐V/propedium iodide fluorescence microscopic assays. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using DCFH‐DA fluorescent spectroscopy. Overall, the results show that AgNPs exhibit cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on breast cancer MCF‐7 cells by damaging membrane integrity and nuclear fragmentation due to oxidative stress generated by elevated level of ROS.

Research Highlights

Biomimetic synthesis of nano dimension size silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Characterization of AgNPs through UV–Vis, DLS, XRD, FTIR, and SEM.

Cytotoxic and anticancer effects of the biosynthesized AgNPs in L929 fibroblast cells and MCF7 breast cancer respectively.

Determination of morphological, and nuclear changes triggered by AgNPs in MCF 7 breast cancer cells using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry.

Apoptosis induction by AgNPs in cancer cells through oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Endemic species analysis: Foliar epidermal anatomical characters of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zaman Wajid , Lee Eun Mi , Park SeonJoo
Published: March 2024

The classification and identification of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt are determined from its foliar epidermal anatomical features. Scanning electronic microscopy has been used to determine the foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of the species in detail. This study compared the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermis of A. glehnii for taxonomic identification to be used as a reference for future studies on the species. A. glehnii has smooth, thin cuticles, depressed anomocytic stomata dispersed randomly throughout the leaf surface, polygonal epidermal cells with straight to slightly curved anticlinal walls, and no trichomes. There are obvious veins containing thick‐walled bundle sheath cells. The stomatal density is between 100 and 150 stomata per millimeter. The vein density ranges from five to 10 veins per millimeter, and the epidermal cells are 10 to 20 μm long and 5 to 10 μm in width. Understanding the connections between the different A. glehnii species and categorizing and identifying them depend heavily on these foliar epidermal structural features. Taxonomy and conservation are closely intertwined because the former serves as the basis for comprehending and safeguarding biodiversity.

Research Highlights

Optical microscopy of the A. glehnii leaf epidermis for taxonomic identification

SEM was used to identify and authenticate endemic species

Microscopic identification of endemic species can assist in the conservation
ELISA‐based detection of immunoglobulins against extracellular vesicles in blood plasma
Authors: Driedonks Tom A. P. , Jiang Linglei , Gololobova Olesia , Liao Zhaohao , Witwer Kenneth W.
Published: March 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are intensively investigated for their therapeutic potential and application as drug delivery vehicle. A broad perception of favourable safety profiles and low immunogenicity make EVs an attractive alternative to synthetic nanoparticles. We recently showed that repeated intravenous administration of human cell‐derived EVs into pig‐tailed macaques unexpectedly elicited antibody responses after three or more injections. This coincided with decreasing EV circulation time, and may thus hamper successful EV‐mediated cargo delivery into tissues. Here, we share the custom ELISA protocol that we used to measure such antibody responses. This protocol may help other researchers evaluate immune responses to EV‐based therapies in preclinical studies.
Simplified equations for wet bulb globe temperature estimation in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal A. S. M. Maksud , Faruki Fahim Abul Kashem , Shahid Shamsuddin
Published: March 2024

The increasing temperatures and shifts in meteorological conditions have heightened the vulnerability of Bangladesh's densely populated regions, known for their high heat and humidity, to potential health hazards. While the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is a widely acknowledged and robust measure for evaluating heat stress in various occupational and outdoor environments, its widespread application is impeded by the complexity of calculations, the substantial computational resources required, and the need for specialized expertise, particularly in developing nations. Therefore, this study aimed to develop simplified equations for estimating WBGT in Bangladesh using meteorological variables. This study applied Liljegren's model on high‐resolution reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) to calculate WBGT from 1979 to 2021. Subsequently, linear and nonlinear regressions were used to derive simplified equations for estimating Liljegren WBGT in Bangladesh. The quadratic regression models offer simplified equations for WBGT estimation. The model with only temperature (Ta) as an input estimates WBGT with an R2 of 0.967 and an RMSE of 0.716, effectively capturing a significant portion of WBGT variability. The inclusion of solar radiation (SR) with Ta improved the performance, with an R2 of 0.996 and an RMSE of 0.242. The best parsimonious model, with an R2 of 0.986 and an RMSE of 0.471, is derived when wind speed is considered with Ta and SR inputs, achieving an R2 of 0.993 and an RMSE of 0.331. Comprehensive graphical and statistical analyses confirm the high accuracy of all models. The three‐input model notably demonstrates exceptional performance, attaining optimal values for critical metrics, including extreme WBGT. The results affirm the practical suitability of the derived models for accurate estimations of WBGT in Bangladesh. These equations provide simplified tools for assessing heat stress conditions, contributing to public health initiatives, occupational safety guidelines, and climate change adaptation strategies.
Humanistic principles for providing culturally sensitive corrective feedback in supervision
Authors: Holstun Vasti P. , Bohecker Lynn
Published: March 2024

Corrective feedback can be a difficult endeavor in supervision. This article focuses on the following six principles of humanistic education that can facilitate corrective feedback: a nonthreatening environment, affective bias, self‐evaluation, connectedness, self‐determination, and personal growth orientation. These principles offer a framework for providing culturally sensitive supervision and corrective feedback. Implications for counseling supervision are included.
Electronic and vibrational properties of MgCu2O3
Authors: Chandra Somesh , Kaur Gurpreet , S. Abhaya , Shukla Balmukund , V. Srihari , Bhalerao Gopalkrishna M. , R. Govindaraj
Published: March 2024

The vibrational properties of orthorhombic MgCu2O3 compound have been investigated within the framework of the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) as well as experimentally, to validate the computational results. MgCu2O3 was synthesized by solid‐state reaction and characterized by synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The DFT + U‐based first principle calculations were performed to obtain the correct electronic ground state and the band structure of this compound. The same DFT + U methodology was employed along with DFPT calculations for obtaining vibrational properties: phonon density of states and phonon band structure. The atomic vibrations for each mode were also analyzed, and the Raman and the IR active modes are identified. Experimentally observed Raman and infrared (IR) spectra agree well with the computed ones.
Multidisciplinary Advanced Surgical Planning for Slide Tracheoplasty Using 3D‐Printed Models
Authors: Richardson Clare M. , Walton Scott , Park Jason S. , Bonilla‐Velez Juliana , Bly Randall A. , Dahl John P. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Friedman Seth , Johnson Kaalan E.
Published: March 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop and assess multidisciplinary advanced surgical planning (ASP) sessions using three dimensional (3D) printed models for cervicothoracic slide tracheoplasty (CST). We hypothesized that these sessions would improve surgeon confidence, streamline intraoperative planning, and highlight the utility of 3D modeling.

Methods

3D‐printed patient‐specific trachea models were used in pre‐operative ASP sessions consisting of a multidisciplinary case discussion and hands‐on slide tracheoplasty simulation. Participants completed a survey rating realism, utility, impact on the final surgical plan, and pre‐ and post‐session confidence. Statistical analysis was performed via Wilcoxon and Kruskal‐Wallis tests.

Results

Forty‐eight surveys were collected across nine sessions and 27 different physicians. On a 5‐point Likert scale, models were rated as “very realistic”, “very useful” (both median of 4, IQR 3–4 and 4–5, respectively). Overall confidence increased by 1.4 points (+/− 0.7, p < 0.0001), with the largest change seen in those with minimal prior slide tracheoplasty experience (p = 0.005). Participants felt that the sessions “strongly” impacted their surgical plan or anticipated performance (median 4, IQR 4–5), regardless of training level or experience.

Conclusion

3D‐printed patient‐specific models were successfully implemented in ASP sessions for CST. Models were deemed very realistic and very useful by surgeons across multiple specialties and training levels. Surgical planning sessions also strongly impacted the final surgical plan and increased surgeon confidence for CST.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:3395–3401, 2024
Similarity Network Analysis of the Adaptive Immune Response in the Proximal Airway
Authors: Clark Evan , Talatala Edward Ryan R , Ye Wenda , Davis Ruth J , Collins Samuel L , Hillel Alexander T , Ramirez‐Solano Marisol , Sheng Quanhu , Wanjalla Celestine N , Mallal Simon A , Gelbard Alexander
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Recent immunologic study of the adaptive immune repertoire in the subglottic airway demonstrated high‐frequency T cell clones that do not overlap between individuals. However, the anatomic distribution and antigenic target of the T cell repertoire in the proximal airway mucosa remain unresolved.

Methods

Single‐cell RNA sequencing of matched scar and unaffected mucosa from idiopathic subglottic stenosis patients (iSGS, n = 32) was performed and compared with airway mucosa from healthy controls (n = 10). T cell receptor (TCR) sequences were interrogated via similarity network analysis to explore antigenic targets using the published algorithm: Grouping of Lymphocyte Interactions by Paratope Hotspots (GLIPH2).

Results

The mucosal T cell repertoire in healthy control airways consisted of highly expressed T cell clones conserved across anatomic subsites (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lung). In iSGS, high‐frequency clones were equally represented in both scar and adjacent non‐scar tissue. Significant differences in repertoire structure between iSGS scar and unaffected mucosa was observed, driven by unique low‐frequency clones. GLIPH2 results suggest low‐frequency clones share targets between multiple iSGS patients.

Conclusion

Healthy airway mucosa has a highly conserved T cell repertoire across multiple anatomic subsites. Similarly, iSGS patients have highly expressed T cell clones present in both scar and unaffected mucosa. iSGS airway scar possesses an abundance of less highly expanded clones with predicted antigen targets shared between patients. Interrogation of these shared motifs suggests abundant adaptive immunity to viral targets in iSGS airway scar. These results provide insight into disease pathogenesis and illuminate new treatment strategies in iSGS.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:3245–3252, 2024
Ansa Cervicalis External Branch Anastomosis to Restore High Tone Voice in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Miyauchi Akira , Fujishima Makoto , Masuoka Hiroo , Sasaki Takahiro , Miya Akihiro , Ishisaka Tomo , Adachi Shiori , Kawano Shiori , Matsunaga Akihide , Yamamoto Masashi , Higashiyama Takuya , Ito Yasuhiro , Onoda Naoyoshi , Kihara Minoru
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) causes low‐pitch voice and voice fatigue, particularly in female subjects, and available treatments are limited. Here, we assess a novel surgical procedure to restore a high‐tone voice: ansa cervicalis to EBSLN anastomosis (A‐E anastomosis).

Methods

Between November 2012 and April 2022, 13 patients (12 female) underwent unilateral EBSLN resection and A‐E anastomosis, while 20 (16 female) underwent EBSLN resection during thyroid surgery. Patients (4494 women and 1025 men) with normal laryngoscopy scheduled for thyroid surgery served as normal controls. Phonatory function was examined using a Phonation Analyzer PA‐1000 preoperatively and intermittently postoperatively.

Results

In patients who underwent A‐E anastomosis, high‐tone voice pitch decreased significantly postoperatively (673.9–471.5 Hz, p = 0.047), with restoration achieved within 5 months. The mean voice pitch in female patients who underwent A‐E anastomosis, EBSLN resection, and controls were 580.4, 522.8, and 682.0 Hz, respectively, indicating a significant decrease in EBSLN resection patients than controls (p = 0.002). The (mean – 1SD) of high‐tone voice pitch in female controls was 497 Hz; exceeding this may indicate recovery to a high‐tone voice. Overall, 73% (8/11) of A‐E anastomosis patients exceeded this value, which was marginally larger than the 43% (6/14) who underwent EBSLN resection. Data on male subjects are limited. There were no cases of adverse functional or cosmetic events.

Conclusions

A‐E anastomosis, a novel simple procedure, restored high‐tone voice to some extent without any adverse events and thus warrants further investigation.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:3868–3873, 2024
ABCG2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity
Authors: Singh HariOm , Dhotre Kishore , Shyamveer  , Choudhari Ranjana , Verma Amita , Mahajan Supriya D. , Ali Nemat
Published: March 2024

Background

The ABCG2 421C/A polymorphism contributes significantly to the distribution and absorption of antiretroviral (ARV) regimens and is associated with the undesirable side effects of efavirenz.

Methods

To investigate this, we examined ABCG2 34G/A (rs2231137) and 421C/A (rs2231142) genetic variations in 149 HIV‐infected patients (116 without hepatotoxicity, 33 with ARV‐induced hepatotoxicity) and 151 healthy controls through the PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) technique.

Results and Discussion

The ABCG2 34GA genotype and 34A allele indicated a risk for antiretroviral therapy‐associated hepatotoxicity development (p = 0.09, OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.93–2.69; p = 0.06, OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.98–2.30). The haplotype GA was associated with hepatotoxicity (p = 0.042, OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.04–5.43; p = 0.042, OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.04–5.96). Moreover, when comparing HIV patients with hepatotoxicity to healthy controls, the haplotype GA had an association with an elevated risk for the development of hepatotoxicity (p = 0.041, OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02–2.93). Additionally, the association of the ABCG2 34GA genotype with the progression of HIV (p = 0.02, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.07–3.63) indicated a risk for advanced HIV infection. Furthermore, the ABCG2 421AA genotype was linked to tobacco users and featured as a risk factor for the progression of HIV disease (p = 0.03, OR = 11.07, 95% CI: 1.09–270.89).

Conclusion

The haplotype GA may enhance the risk of hepatotoxicity development and its severity. Individuals with the ABCG2 34A allele may also be at risk for the development of hepatotoxicity. Additionally, individuals with an advanced stage of HIV and the ABCG2 34GA genotype may be at risk for disease progression.
Dynamics of extracellular vesicle uptake by mural granulosa cells in mice
Authors: Edure Taichi , Matsuno Yuta , Matsushita Kodai , Maruyama Natsumi , Fujii Wataru , Naito Kunihiko , Sugiura Koji
Published: March 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the development and function of mammalian ovarian follicles. However, the mechanisms by which they are taken up by the follicular granulosa cells remain unclear. In addition, while oocytes play a pivotal role in follicular development, the possible interactions between oocyte‐derived paracrine factors (ODPFs) and EV signals are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of EV uptake and the effects of ODPFs on EV uptake by follicular somatic mural granulosa cells in mice. Fluorescence‐labeled transferrin (TRF) and cholera toxin B (CTB), substrates for clathrin‐ and caveolae‐mediated endocytosis, respectively, were taken up by mural granulosa cells in vitro. Their uptake was inhibited by Pitstop 2 and genistein, inhibitors of clathrin and caveolae pathways, respectively. Mural granulosa cells took up EVs, and this uptake was suppressed by Pitstop 2 and genistein. Moreover, ODPFs promoted the uptake of EVs and CTB, but not TRF, by mural granulosa cells. These results suggest that mural granulosa cells take up EVs through both clathrin‐ and caveolae‐mediated endocytosis and that oocytes may promote caveolae‐mediated endocytosis to facilitate the uptake of EVs.
Efficient stochastic modal decomposition methods for structural stochastic static and dynamic analyses
Authors: Zheng Zhibao , Beer Michael , Nackenhorst Udo
Published: March 2024

This article presents unified and efficient stochastic modal decomposition methods to solve stochastic structural static and dynamic problems. We extend the idea of deterministic modal decomposition method for structural dynamic analysis to stochastic cases. Standard/generalized stochastic eigenvalue equations are adopted to calculate the stochastic subspaces for stochastic static/dynamic problems and they are solved by an efficient reduced‐order method. The stochastic solutions of both static and dynamic equations are approximated by stochastic bases of the stochastic subspaces. Original stochastic static/dynamic equations are then transformed into a set of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDoF) stochastic static/dynamic equations, which are efficiently solved by the proposed non‐intrusive methods. Specifically, a non‐intrusive stochastic Newmark method is developed for the solution of SDoF stochastic dynamic equations, and the element‐wise division of sample vectors is used to solve the SDoF stochastic static equations. All of these methods have low computational effort and are weakly sensitive to the stochastic dimension, thus the proposed methods avoid the curse of dimensionality successfully. Two numerical examples, including two‐ and three‐dimensional spatial problems with low and high stochastic dimensions, are given to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods.
Pattern formation in dense populations studied by inference of nonlinear diffusion‐reaction mechanisms
Authors: Srivastava Siddhartha , Garikipati Krishna
Published: March 2024

Reaction‐diffusion systems have been proposed as a model for pattern formation and morphogenesis. The Fickian diffusion typically employed in these constructions model the Brownian motion of particles. The biological and chemical elements that form the basis of this process, like cells and proteins, occupy finite mass and volume and interact during migration. We propose a Reaction‐Diffusion system with Maxwell‐Stefan formulation to construct the diffusive flux. This formulation relies on inter‐species force balance and provides a more realistic model for interacting elements. We also present a variational system inference‐based technique to extract these models from spatiotemporal data for these processes. We show that the inferred models can capture the characteristics of local Turing instability that instigates the pattern formation process. Moreover, the equilibrium solutions of the inferred models form similar patterns to the observed data.
Optimizing mechanical performance in 3D printing through a benzoxazine monomer blend photosensitive resin formulation
Authors: Khankhuean Anchan , Sukthavorn Kankavee , Nootsuwan Nollapan , Veranitisagul Chatchai , Laobuthee Apirat
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to enhance the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens in commercial photosensitive resin (PS‐resin) through blend‐thermosets using a benzoxazine monomer based on bisphenol A and a commercially available resin. Specifically, a benzoxazine‐based bisphenol A compound, 6,6‐(propane‐2,2‐diyl)bis(3‐cyclohexyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazine), was successfully synthesized via the Mannich reaction. The synthesis involved paraformaldehyde, bisphenol A, and cyclohexylamine in a molar ratio of 4:1:2, respectively. To prepare the blend‐thermosets, a stereolithography 3D printer (SLA) was utilized, combining the PS‐resin with varying amounts of the benzoxazine (ranging from 0 to 8 parts per hundred of resin, phr). The printed specimens were then subjected to a polymerization process by heating them at various temperatures ranging from 120 to 160°C in a hot air oven for 2 h, allowing the benzoxazine to undergo ring‐opening reaction and form the thermoset structure. Characterization of all the materials obtained, including the PS‐resin, benzoxazine, and the blend‐thermosets before and after heating, was conducted using techniques such as FT‐IR and DSC. This work also showcased a sample technique for verifying the ring‐opening of the benzoxazine ring. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the blend‐thermosets were evaluated through tests for tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, and hardness. The addition of merely 2 phr of benzoxazine monomers and subsequent curing at 120°C resulted in a notable improvement in the mechanical properties.
An intrinsic antistatic polyethylene glycol‐based solid–solid phase change material for thermal energy storage and thermal management
Authors: Wu Sha , Zhang Yumeng , Deng Mingyue , Liang Guangming , Ju Haiyan , Xiao Yao
Published: March 2024

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an important and popular phase change material (PCM), but is not a good antistatic material, which would cause the accumulation of static electricity and electrostatic discharge when used for the thermal energy storage and thermal management of electrical devices. Herein, we prepared a PEG‐based solid–solid PCM (SSPCM) with good antistatic property by introducing an ionic liquid onto the macromolecular chains. This SSPCM is in solid state even at 90°C, avoiding the leakage issue of pure PEG. Its latent heat values in the melting and solidifying processes are 56.2 and 30.6 J g−1, respectively. Additionally, this SSPCM has good thermal stability and thermal reliability for thermal storage and thermal management according to thermogravimetric and thermal cycling tests. The volume‐ and surface resistivity of the SSPCM at ambient temperature are 108.87 Ω m and 108.92 Ω, respectively, showing good antistatic performance.