bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of information systems on the efficiency of banks: an empirical investigation
Authors: Gupta Uma G. , Collins William
Published: July 2002

Financial institutions, and banks, in particular, are one of the largest investors in information systems (IS) and information technologies (IT) and there are indications that this trend is likely to continue. However, there is growing concern that IS investments are not yielding the anticipated results, an issue that is of grave concern to many CEOs and top managers. One way to address this concern is to analyse the relationship, if any, between investments in IS and an organization’s efficiency measures. Reports the results of an empirical study that assesses the role and contribution of ISs to a bank’s efficiency, based on a study of nationalized banks in the state of Florida. More specifically, reports on the role of ISs in achieving business goals, improving productivity, and enhancing customer service in banks.
Information systems frameworks and strategy
Authors: Leek Colin
Published: July 2002

Management information systems providers are often still failing to deliver appropriate systems to the perceived user specifications. A major problem is a lack of strategic perspective of information systems and their supporting information technology and a disparate view across organizations of what management information systems are. Investigates some aspects of these problems and suggests a portfolio methodology for improving the incorporation of system building into the overall business objectives.
A Petri‐net based machine tool maintenance management system
Authors: Prickett Paul
Published: July 2002

Considers an integrated approach to maintenance management, based on the development of an advanced machine tool failure diagnosis and recovery system. Outlines how such systems can be utilized to effectively monitor the ever more complicated machining facilities used in modern manufacturing. Illustrates how a Petri‐net based system has been developed to meet the needs of a modern computer‐based maintenance facility and the potential that such systems provide in a move towards total productive maintenance. Deals with the steps taken to ensure that such a system can be successfully deployed, and considers how the resulting integrated maintenance management system can benefit existing users of advanced manufacturing technology.
Information superhighway: current developments and future analyses
Authors: Camera Riccardo , Yen David C. , Chou David C. , Lee Sooun
Published: July 2002

The information superhighway (ISH) has created a number of new opportunities and services. In order to allow the development of the new network system, some technological requirements and solutions will be necessary. Promotes the awareness and understanding of integrating new technologies for corporate and industrial ISH processes. Includes the implementation on a wide scale of fibre‐optic wires and asynchronous transfer mode technologies and the compatibility problems between different platforms and communication devices. Agreements on standards and common rules throughout different manufacturers and different nations will be essential in order to achieve the foreseen integration and compatibility of the system.
Client/server infrastructure: a case study in planning and conversion
Authors: de Vries Wietze A. , Fleck Robert A.
Published: July 2002

Conversion to client/server systems from host‐centric systems can be accomplished with careful attention to planning and development procedures. A key component in a successful conversion is a customized definition of client/server which complements the organization’s mission. Another key component is the development of an infrastructure which includes hardware, software and people. The training of users and design personnel is crucial to successful conversion. Discusses definitions, strategies, hardware, software, and the pitfalls to be avoided.
Managing programmer resources in a maintenance environment with function points
Authors: Fleck Robert A. , Jr
Published: July 2002

Programmer resources as measured in available hours are often a limiting or constraining resource in software projects and maintenance. A key element in software project management, therefore, is the forecast of required programming hours. Estimates based on past experience and similar projects are generally unreliable and usually underestimate the level of programming resources required. Function point counting provides a reliable methodology for estimating the level of effort required in software projects. Presents the results of using and modifying function point counting procedures in a maintenance environment where changes are often confined to one or more lines of code. The study indicates that even in this environment, function point counting procedures are useful. Finally, function point counting in the maintenance environment as discussed in this paper helped uncover problems in resource management, training, and personnel evaluation.
Analyzing effects of regulatory compliance in manufacturing
Authors: Miller Phillip E. , McKinney Michael M.
Published: July 2002

The current state of environmental laws has placed business in a quandary regarding compliance with the myriad regulations directed at everything from the manufacture of new products, substances, or chemicals to the generation and disposal of waste. A variation from the guidelines imposed may result in liability, civil and criminal, for the unwary violator. In addition to possessing knowledge of current regulations affecting operations, managers must also track numerous future changes applicable to their processes in order to avoid missing the effective date of a new requirement. In general, vast resources must be expended in complying with the environmental laws. Perhaps the industry that most feels the sting of the environmental regulations is manufacturing. This paper will address the results of a survey completed by over 200 manufacturing firms located primarily in Tennessee to determine effects of compliance with environmental regulations on business operations.
Intranet: a cost reduction tool for corporate publication
Authors: Wen H. Joseph , Anandarajan Asokan
Published: July 2002

This paper studies how intranet technology can be used as a cost reduction tool for publishing and paper‐related expenditure. A case study was conducted by interviewing and obtaining information from the management information systems manager of a large regional telecommunications company. Considers traditional publishing practice and related publication costs as well as practice and costs related to intranet publications. Concludes that, if properly applied, the intranet can be an effective cost reduction system.
Data analysis and mining environment: a distributed intelligent agent technology application
Authors: Sugumaran Vijayan , Bose Ranjit
Published: July 2002

There is a tremendous explosion in the amount of data that organizations generate, collect and store. Managers are beginning to recognize the value of this asset, and are increasingly relying on intelligent systems to access, analyze, summarize, and interpret information from large and multiple data sources. These systems help them make critical business decisions faster or with a greater degree of confidence. Data mining is a promising new technology that helps bring business intelligence into these systems. While there is a plethora of data mining techniques and tools available, they present inherent problems for end‐users such as complexity, required technical expertise, lack of flexibility and interoperability, etc. These problems can be mitigated by deploying software agents to assist end‐users in their problem solving endeavors. This paper presents the design and development of an intelligent software agent based data analysis and mining environment called IDM, which is utilized in decision making activities.
Using data mining and datawarehousing techniques
Authors: Forcht Karen A. , Cochran Kevin
Published: July 2002

Discusses some of the techniques of database marketing, its effectiveness, and the business and social environment regarding direct database marketing. Notes that the process of gathering and using the right data effectively is of primary importance if the marketer is to succeed.
Role of software in developing managerial decision strategies
Authors: Chung Q.B.
Published: July 2002

Model management systems (MMS) empower decision makers throughout the problem‐solving phases by providing operations research and management science (OR/MS) models as well as the knowledge to build or use such models. Managerial problem solving typically involves a wide range of modeling activities, i.e., definition, retrieval, modification, execution, modification, and integration of decision models. This research stems from the basic premise that, given the problem, decision aiding software such as MMS can reach its highest level of performance when the necessary modeling activities are adequately supported, subsequently enhancing the quality of the decisions made by the users. Reported in this paper are the results from an experiment involving two versions of MMS used by naïve modelers in two decision‐making settings. Through this study, we learn that the decision‐making behavior of software users, especially the way they develop their decision strategies, is considerably influenced by the capability of the software.
A case study assessment of performance measurement in distribution centers
Authors: Kuo Chun‐Ho , Dunn Kimberly D. , Randhawa Sabah U.
Published: July 2002

Managing supply‐chain operations is critical to any company’s ability to compete effectively. Success in today’s markets depends on the ability to balance a stream of products and processes to stay competitive. Companies are constantly evaluating every area of operations to ensure that productivity and cost objectives are realistic and attainable. Research has been carried out to investigate the measurement systems used in today’s distribution centers. Five distribution centers in the Pacific Northwest were selected for this study. The characteristics of these five distribution centers and their measurement systems are discussed in this paper. A cross‐case analysis is provided, which gives a view of a typical measurement system used in today’s distribution centers.
Cyberspace security management
Authors: Chou David C. , Yen David C. , Lin Binshan , Hong‐Lam Cheng Philip
Published: July 2002

Through the tremendous growth of Internet users during the last few years, organizations now realize the potential market of the information highway. However, these organizations now face the problem of Internet security. The open environment of the Internet contributes greatly to its success, but also plants inherent security problems. Discusses the security frameworks implemented in the cyberspace environment and the current developments and future trends involving this issue.
Business‐IT alignment: productivity paradox payoff?
Authors: Papp Raymond
Published: July 2002

Strategic alignment remains a key area of focus among business executives. Methods exist with which to determine the type of alignment a firm is following and there has even been research into the factors which aid and hinder the achievement of alignment. What is currently lacking is a financial performance metric with which a firm can benchmark itself against its competition controlling for industry classification or similar alignment perspective. This paper explores the financial performance and alignment of over 500 firms over the past five years. From these data, a regression equation to measure performance controlling for alignment perspective and industry classification is proposed. Such an equation provides firms with an idea of where they stand, on average, within their respective industry and among firms following the same alignment perspective. Implications for managers are also discussed as well as general strategies for managers to facilitate and enhance information technology investment.
Occupational futures? Divesting real estate and corporate PFI
Authors: Pottinger Gaye , Dixon Tim , Marston Andrew
Published: July 2002

Property ownership can tie up large amounts of capital and management energy that business could employ more productively elsewhere. Competitive pressures, accounting changes and increasingly sophisticated occupier requirements are building demand for new and innovative ways to satisfy corporate occupation needs. The investment climate is also changing. Falling interest rates and falling inflation can be expected to undermine returns from the traditional FRI lease. In future, investment returns will be more dependent on active and innovative management geared to the needs of occupiers on whom income depends. Occupier and investor interests, therefore, look set to coincide, but unlocking the potential for both parties will depend on developing new finance and investment vehicles that align their respective needs. In the UK, examples include PFI in the public sector and off‐balance sheet financing in the private sector. In the USA, “synthetic lease” structures have also become popular. Growing investment market experience in assessing risks and returns suggests scope for further innovative arrangements in the corporate sector. But how can such arrangements be structured? What are the risks, drivers and barriers?
Smart homes for people with restricted mobility
Authors: Chapman Keith , McCartney Kevin
Published: July 2002

The Portsmouth smart homes project sought to identify appropriate technology to create energy efficient accommodation that supports the occupants in achieving a more independent life than would normally be possible due to their physical disabilities. A consultation process was initiated. This began with focus groups in three different parts of Hampshire. These were followed by in‐depth interviews to ascertain how “smart” technology might enhance independence, quality of life, security and affordability. The consultation process and a technology review informed a number of design exercises culminating in the design of six properties in Portsmouth due to be occupied in April 2002, and monitored through the following summer and winter. Three of these units will accommodate wheelchair users. Internal and external doors, locks and all windows will be motorised. The smart system will be programmed to operate heating, lighting, and household appliances, to a pre‐determined plan, which can be overridden by the resident. The sensors and devices share data in order to act, react and interact in an appropriate way. Disabled people consulted report positive attitudes to smart homes. They want a home that can respond to emergencies and environmental changes. Potential occupants also express the wish to be able to counter automated controls. A majority also express preference for homes that will not stand out from neighbouring properties.
Recovery of Rent Arrears – The Landlord′s Dilemma
Authors: Clifford Jim , Ackland Martin
Published: July 2002

The landlord‐tenant relationship is one of the oldest forms of legal
agreement with us today. The last seven centuries have seen English law
develop through the operation of both the courts and statute. The result
for the unpaid landlord has been a bewildering array of remedies.
Considers the developing range of options open to the landlord or
managing agent in trying to recover rents and other dues in the face of
mounting financial problems among tenants. Focuses on practicalities
and selection criteria for the procedures considered
Unoccupied Rating: The Case for Reform
Authors: Villis Simon , Plimmer Frances
Published: July 2002

On 1 April 1990, with the introduction of the Uniform Business Rate,
came new provisions relating to the rating of empty non‐industrial
hereditaments. In a booming marketplace, with almost full occupancy, the
imposition of a 50 per cent compulsory unoccupied rate charge might pass
unnoticed. However, in a depressed market, costs incurred by owners of
unoccupied property have widespread implications. Based on
under‐graduate research, concentrates on why unoccupied rate liability
was introduced in its previous and present form, the reasons for its
past reform and the justification for reform of the present legislation.
Analyses the plight of owners today and prepares a case for the reform
of the current legislation.
The Development of Urban Land Policy in China
Authors: Ling Li , Isaac David
Published: July 2002

Describes the historical background to urban land policy in China. Since
1979, policies of economic reform have been instituted. In the new
“socialist market economy”, incentive‐based competition between
enterprises has arisen and managers and workers now have interest and
returns more closely allied to profitability. Describes recent
legislation to consolidate the moves to reform the land market. Urban
land reform has provided a supply of land on to the market to establish
a functioning property market. It has restrained land use in
agriculture, diverting land to a higher, more profitable use.
Viability of a rural land tax in South Africa
Authors: Franzsen Riël C.D.
Published: July 2002

Although South African landowners have been subject to various
forms of land tax in the past, the ownership (or occupation) of
agricultural land is not taxed at present. Despite the fact that white
agricultural landowners are strongly opposed to the possible
introduction of a rural land tax, political and fiscal pressures in
present‐day South Africa seem to suggest that the imposition of such a
tax is inevitable. It is suggested that it could be equitable, and would
be administratively feasible, to levy, assess and collect a rural land
tax at local government level within the commercial farming sub‐sector,
but that levying such a tax on subsistence farmers occupying communal
land poses serious problems.
The Finance Act 1994 ‐ machinery and plant allowances
Authors: Printall Chris , Gronow Stuart
Published: July 2002

Considers the implications of the Finance Act 1994, sections 117 and 118, on claims for machinery and plant allowances. Examines the changes that have been introduced by the new rules, the reasons for introducing them, the effect they will have on levels of allowances and the opportunities which present themselves to maximize claims. Also considers whether the Inland Revenue will achieve their stated goal to “clarify the boundary” and “protect the Exchequer”.
What is the meaning of “knowledge” under the Limitation Act 1980?
Authors: Dawson Monica , Midgley‐Hunt Janine
Published: July 2002

Explains that Limitation of Actions is extended where there are latent defects by s.14A of the Limitation Act 1980. Notes that, in relation to negligent surveys, the recent case of Spencer Ward and another v. Humberts gives an interesting example of how the courts construe the meaning of knowledge within the Act which starts the three‐year period running in cases of latent defect. Explores the courts’ interpretation of relevant parts of the Act, and suggests that the courts’ attitude in recent cases may be erring on the side of the professional and draws property managers to the practical implications of this.
Terrorism insurance
Authors: Shillum Roger
Published: July 2002

Reviews the history of insurance against acts of terrorism. Losses by reinsurers resulting from major bombing incidents in the early 1990s precipitated changes to insurance cover and the introduction of exclusions. Explains these changes and their implications for property owners.
The development of factory outlet shopping centres
Authors: Jones Peter , Whitehead Maureen , Hillier David
Published: July 2002

Outlines the origin and development of factory outlet shopping centres in the UK and explores some of the tensions and relationships between developers, planners and retail operators, as a means of helping to understand the development and property management process.
Planning the electronic library – suggested guidelines for the Arabian Gulf region
Authors: Saleh Ashoor M.
Published: July 2002

Describes the various technological and social requirements for planning the electronic library. These requirements include the LAN and the client‐server architecture, facilities for storage and access, facilities for archiving digital information, establishing priorities in building the network information resources, introducing the necessary changes in library organization and services, and providing a comprehensive user training program. A literature review outlines the advantages of the electronic library over the traditional library, and highlights the contributions of the US Federal agencies and private foundations in advancing the electronic library through funding digital research projects. Suggests guidelines for building the electronic library in the Arabian Gulf region and concludes with recommendations for the Arabian Gulf libraries to take advantage of the availability of the information networking technology in creating their electronic libraries.
How Web browsers shape users’ understanding of networks
Authors: Sheeran Louise , Angela Sasse M. , Rimmer Jon , Wakeman Ian
Published: July 2002

What happens when users encounter breakdown situations when browsing the Web? Reports a study in which 35 participants were asked to think aloud whilst following a trail through a series of Web pages. Some of the pages were designed to cause error messages to be displayed by the browser when users tried to interact with them. The results from the study showed that the error messages did not help users to diagnose the cause of the problems, or develop their understanding of the Internet. Error messages do provide a vocabulary for describing problems, but fail to provide a model to pin the terminology on. We suggest that an underlying model of Web browsing should be available for users to learn from the error messages, rather than just seeing them as a sign of “something being wrong”.
The future of interlibrary loan and document supply: views and comments
Authors: Line Maurice B. , Guerrero Elda‐Monica , Jackson Mary E. , Mark Niels , Sène Henri , Waaijers Leo
Published: July 2002

Several members of this journal’s editorial advisory board give brief views on how they see the future of interlending and document supply. The article concludes with an overview of these contributions, together with additional comments by an editorial board member
Cost Finding and Performance Measures in ILL Management
Authors: Bjarno Helle
Published: July 2002

Outlines the need for performance measures and costings when one has to
decide how to supply documents as quickly as possible at the lowest cost
to both the user and the library. There is an increasing awareness of
the implications of electronic document delivery for ILL. The most
advanced libraries are beginning to use these services as an alternative
or supplement to the traditional well‐known services. Describes a model
that enables one to record both the costs of the tasks performed and the
performance – such as speed of delivery, fill rate and so forth. By
combining these different sets of measures the library in question will
be able to decide which services are the most beneficial under the given
circumstances. The model has been developed in co‐operation with some
Danish university libraries. The prototype has been developed as an
application in a relational database.
A voucher scheme to simplify payment for international interlibrary
transactions
Authors: Gould Sara
Published: July 2002

Difficulties in paying for international interlibrary transactions
is often given as one of the major barriers to effective interlibrary
lending. Problems include lack of a specific ILL budget, the requirement
that some libraries must pass all money earned from services provided
direct to the funding body, and the high level of hidden costs in both
charging for and paying for a transaction. Outlines how the IFLA Office
for UAP is developing a voucher payment scheme which aims to eliminate
the financial element from transactions and simplify the process of
paying for ILL services.
Learning from putting electronic journals on SuperJANET: the
SuperJournal project
Authors: Pullinger David J.
Published: July 2002

High speed networks, such as the UK′s SuperJANET, present
opportunities for new dissemination. The SuperJournal project in 1993
explored the possibilities with electronic versions of journal articles
from nine publishers using four different interfaces. To support user
retrieval strategies (hierarchic selection, searching, browsing, network
speeds need to be very fast and supported end‐to‐end, more tools for
production support for SGML need to be developed, and a move made away
from text‐led systems to the more visual. Finally, briefly undertakes a
study of the changing role of paper in the context of multimedia
systems.
Interlending and document supply: a review of recent literature
– XXVII
Authors: Gould Sara
Published: July 2002

Reviews the recently published literature on access versus
acquisitions; electronic document delivery and electronic publishing;
resource sharing. Considers developments in the Universal Availability
of Publications concept, and looks at the interlending of non‐print
material, especially music. Also reviews copyright, national
interlending codes and training.
Optimizing the size of journal collections in libraries
Authors: Wessels R.H.A.
Published: July 2002

Libraries are increasingly dependent on remote document supply to
fill gaps in their own collections. Budget restrictions sometimes lead
to a situation in which the local collection is too small and there is
over‐reliance on remote supply. Depicts a model by which a clear
indication can be given for the optimal size of a local collection.
Provides two examples for specific libraries. Application to other
libraries is possible by changing the four parameters of the model. The
model is only applicable in an environment where the quality of remote
document supply is guaranteed. Presents a short description of the
international document supply services of the Jupiter consortium in The
Netherlands.
Putting the customer first: Total Quality and customer service at the British Library Document Supply Centre
Authors: Pilling Stella
Published: July 2002

Gives a brief, recent history of the British Library Document Supply Centre and an outline of its customer base. Presents some of the Centre’s many customer service improvement initiatives including courses, clinics, link‐up events, the marketing department’s customer retention programme and the Centre’s customer publications and database access services. Describes the setting up of a Total Quality Management programme in conjunction with a specialist consultancy, and its implementation through a steering group, process improvement groups and a series of kaizen continuous improvement of process workshops. Concludes that TQM has contributed significantly to improvements in speed of service and the quality of relationships with customers.
The COBISS system: supporting interlending and document supply
Authors: Seljak Marta
Published: July 2002

Describes the Slovenian co‐operative online bibliographic system and services (COBISS), a development of a shared cataloguing system based on a network of 99 co‐operating libraries and linked with the Institute of Information Science union catalogue (COBIB). Demonstrates how this network of electronic catalogues enables effective online public access and allows co‐ordinated collection development policies and interlending based on the use of electronic mail. Anticipates further development of interlending and document supply functions in the immediate future.
Document supply in the electronic world: the publishers’ view
Authors: Meredith Barbara
Published: July 2002

Focuses on several separate but co‐operative efforts in the intellectual property arena by the US Government, the European Union and various publishers’ organizations. Discusses copyright protection, electronic copyright protection and the need for global focus. Dispels several popular myths of copyright infringement.
Remote document supply demand from subscribers to scientific journals
Authors: Murdoch Jean
Published: July 2002

Sets out to examine the extent to which electronic document supply poses a threat to scientific subscriptions. Describes a survey undertaken at the British Library’s Document Supply Service comparing the use of the document supply service with a list of subscribers for one Blackwell Science journal. Concludes that individual document supply is not necessarily used as an alternative to subscription.
Why requests fail
Authors: Parry David
Published: July 2002

Describes a study undertaken in 1996 to examine interlibrary loan and document supply request failures in the UK and Ireland. The project surveyed 54 public, university and special libraries, monitoring and categorizing their failed requests and their failures to supply items requested from them. Differences in rates and nature of request failure between libraries of different types and for different types of material were examined. Data were simultaneously collected on requests passing through the British Library Document Supply Centre, reply codes were monitored and analysed, and operational systems and procedures examined. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations made at a national policy level and at the operational, practice‐based level. At national level they include access strategies, acquisitions and retention policies, and resource discovery strategies. At operational level they focus on the submission of requests, the use, management and maintenance of databases and catalogues, and technical standards.
Providing links to primary publisher content: the ISI Electronic Library Project … and beyond
Authors: Trolley Jacqueline H.
Published: July 2002

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Electronic Library Project is a corporate research and development initiative by the Institute for Scientific Information. It offers users access to the information contained in the Current Contents/ Life Sciences database, as well as the full images of those journals to which publishers have given permission and to which the site subscribes. The project has confirmed many basic concepts. However, since the project was launched in 1993, technology has greatly altered the needs and expectations of STM researchers and librarians. Examines the impact of those changes on the project, and the resulting course of developments at ISI.
Weighing up the options for document supply: a description and discussion of the FIDDO Project
Authors: Eric Davies J. , Morris Anne
Published: July 2002

Outlines the dynamic and complex information delivery environment facing managers, and describes the eLib‐funded FIDDO (Focused Investigations of Document Delivery Option) Project’s aims, organisation and activities to date. The project seeks to establish reliable information on document delivery to assist managers in decision making. The project has formal structure and management to enable consultation and liaison with relevant expertise and interests. Work to date is described, including literature reviewing, document delivery vendor study, World Wide Web‐based information dissemination point, national survey of interlibrary loan practices, exchange of experience workshop, and “live” field trials.
The project DEGREE: dissemination of electronic GREy files on economics
Authors: Stuyts Corry
Published: July 2002

Between July 1996 and July 1997 seven Dutch universities were involved in the project DEGREE (Dissemination of Electronic GREy files on Economics). Objectives of the project were: electronic production, disclosure and availability via WWW of full text working papers on economics and business economics. Procedures and formats were analysed, discussed and established. This joint effort resulted in a national WWW homepage for working papers on economics, where the full text papers can be retrieved. Structural continuation of the project is based on a gentlemen’s agreement between the DEGREE participants. In an international scope, co‐operation with RePEc is established. This paper will describe the way in which the project DEGREE was set up, carried out and built into an interesting WWW site.
Network access to the audiovisual cultural heritage ‐ possibilities and problems
Authors: Fønss‐Jørgensen Eva
Published: July 2002

As recently as a few years ago, audiovisual documents were not integrated into traditional library activities. However, the growing interest among researchers, teachers and the general public in gaining access to this part of the cultural heritage, combined with the recent “multimedia boom” as a result of Internet and other technological developments has suddenly made sound and images extremely attractive, both inside and outside libraries. This paper deals with the exciting prospects, but also the problems, when historical archives want to go digital and implement new technologies in order to improve access to their holdings. Experience from recent projects carried out by the State and University Library are described, e.g. Project JUKEBOX, funded by the Libraries Programme of the European Commission and Danish Audio History, an Internet project under CultureNet Denmark, funded by the Danish Ministry of Culture.
An integrated Web‐based ILL system for Singapore libraries
Authors: Foo Schubert , Lim Ee‐Peng
Published: July 2002

The paper proposes an integrated Web‐based inter‐library loan (ILL) system to replace and enhance the existing manual‐based ILL system used by Singapore libraries. It describes the system requirements that must be supported in order to make it a viable and acceptable solution to all participating libraries. Subsequently, it presents the client‐server Web‐based system architecture, database design and Java development platform that are used to implement the system. The new system exhibits a host of advantages over the manual system including the minimising of human resource by eliminating form‐filling and other forms of paper work completely, improving the access and speed of the ILL process by allowing participating libraries to update each other’s databases directly, ensuring data integrity, simplifying status tracking and supporting instantaneous status and statistical reporting.
Calculating rotational motion in discrete element modelling of arbitrary shaped model objects
Authors: Kremmer M. , Favier J.F.
Published: July 2002

Application of the discrete element method (DEM) to real scale engineering problems involving three‐dimensional modelling of large, non‐spherical particles must consider the inertia tensor and temporal change in the orientation of the particles when calculating the rotational motion. This factor has commonly been neglected in discrete element modelling although it will significantly influence the dynamic behaviour of non‐spherical particles. In this paper two methods, vector transformation and tensor transformation, for calculation of the rotational motion of particles in response to applied moments are presented. The methods consider the inertia tensor and the local object frame of arbitrary shaped particles and suggest solutions for the non‐linear Euler equations for calculation of their rotational motion. They are discussed with respect to implementation into a discrete element code and assessed in terms of their accuracy and computational efficiency.
Finite element analyses and simulations in biomedicine: a bibliography (1985‐1999)
Authors: Mackerle Jaroslav
Published: July 2002

Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied in biomedicine from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains 748 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with the finite element analyses and simulations in biomedicine that were published between 1985 and 1999.
A path algebra approach to the computation of exact rational parametrisations for CAD/CAM applications
Authors: Wetzel T.J. , Bez H.E.
Published: July 2002

This paper describes a method for the construction of rational polynomial paths that does not require the apriori specification of either vertices or weights. An algebra of rational paths is developed within which paths with positive weights can be generated from more elementary paths with the same property. Case studies demonstrate that the path algebra can provide a simple means of obtaining exact rational representations of paths defined in non‐rational terms.
Explaining export development through psychic distance
Authors: Evans Jody , Treadgold Alan , Mavondo Felix
Published: July 2002

Comments on a previous article published in IMR by Stöttinger and Schlegelmilch. The article examined the explanatory power of the psychic distance concept in terms of export development and organisational performance. Argues that while Stöttinger and Schlegelmilch make several important contributions to the internationalisation literature, two particular aspects of the article merit further comment. States that the authors do not fully operationalise the psychic distance concept and proposes an alternative interpretation of their results which challenges the intuitively appealing assumptions of the internationalisation process.
Ethnocentric Tendencies, Marketing Strategy and Import Purchase
Behaviour
Authors: Herche Joel
Published: July 2002

Reports on an analysis of the relative importance of various marketing
mix strategies and consumer ethnocentric tendencies in the decision to
purchase imports undertaken via a nationwide mail survey of personal
computer owners in the USA. The results indicate that ethnocentric
tendencies are able to explain a much greater amount of variation in
purchase behaviour than marketing mix variables. Concludes that the
inclusion of ethnocentric tendencies into future studies on origin bias
appears to be warranted given their substantial impact on import
purchase behaviour.
Study Note
Authors: Kedia Ben L. , Ackerman David J. , Bush Donna E. , Justice Robert T.
Published: July 2002

Examines some of the factors that lead to internationalization of franchising operations. Data were collected from 142 US franchisors and subjected to discriminant and factorial analysis. Managerial attitudes towards a desire to expand and desire to increase profits were found to have a greater effect on the likelihood of internationalizing franchise operations than did firm size and sales and other managerial attitudes. While the results of this study differ from studies which examined entry into export operations, they are consistent with the assumptions which underlie the selection of franchising as an organizational form.
Export assistance
Authors: Crick Dave , Czinkota Michael R.
Published: July 2002

Provides comparative empirical evidence drawn from studies carried
out in the USA and the UK respectively. Indicates that even allowing for
the time period between studies, differences exist in how managers from
both US and UK exporting companies rate three sets of attributes in
their international marketing effort. These sets of attributes are:
those that are believed to be desired by importers; the possibility for
improving performance of these factors by a change in emphasis by
executives in the exporting firms; and the support required by firms in
order to assist export activities. An implication of this research is
that even allowing for the time difference between the two studies, the
respective governments were not offering the type of assistance required
by exporters within their countries. Questions the provision of export
promotion programmes and suggests that policy makers must recognize that
in order to make the best use of their limited resources, assistance
should be focused on helping exporters meet the requirements of
importers.
Formulating adaptive marketing strategies in a global industry
Authors: Chang Tung‐lung
Published: July 2002

Marketing adaptation has been considered a factor critical to a firm′s success in international markets. In order to know how companies can effectively adapt their marketing activities to international markets, one has to go beyond marketing function to understand the development of a firm′s experience curve advantage. Presents a framework for a firm to improve its adaptive abilities in developing appropriate marketing strategies for global expansion. Strategic managers should manage the process of investing organizational slacks in order to enhance adaptive ability. Globally‐oriented Taiwanese PC firms were studied to examine the relationship between a firm′s adaptive ability and its performance. Indicates that companies can improve performance by enhancing their adaptive abilities in the areas of technology, marketing mix and finance. Suggests further research.
Information search and efficiency of consumer choices of new cars
Authors: Chao Paul , Gupta Pola B.
Published: July 2002

The country‐of‐origin (CO) literature has traditionally focused on
consumer product evaluations which are presumed to occur during the
evaluation of alternative stages of the consumer buying decision
process, where knowledge about product attribute information is either
provided or assumed. Purchase behaviour has also mostly been measured by
purchase intention. Examines the CO effects by incorporating the amount
of prepurchase information search and the post‐purchase efficiency of
choice measured by the amount of loss buyers incur for not choosing the
same or higher quality car at a lower price. Shows that while CO did not
affect the amount of pre‐purchase search, it had a significant impact on
the efficiency of consumer choices.
Consumers in the transition to a market economy
Authors: Feick Lawrence , Higie Coulte Robin , Price Linda L.
Published: July 2002

As Hungary makes the transition from a centrally‐planned to a
market‐based economy, its consumer markets are changing rapidly, with a
deluge of new brands and products, new stores, variation in prices and
the demise of old, familiar brands and stores. Reports on Hungarian
consumers′ perceptions of their marketplace and their responses to
changes in these markets based on research conducted from autumn 1989 to
autumn 1992. Includes personal interviews, observation, focus groups and
a survey of 300 female heads of households.
Measuring the joint effect of brand and country image in consumer evaluation of global products
Authors: Nebenzahl Israel D. , Jaffe Eugene D.
Published: July 2002

States that few studies have attempted to measure the joint effect of brand and country images, or the dimensions of these images, on consumer evaluation of global products. Suggests a methodology for defining product value by consumers’ perception of brand and country image dimensions when sourced internationally. Brand‐country image profiles were factor analysed to provide dimensions of each brand‐country combination. Shows that consumer perception of product value changes, evidenced by brand‐country dimensions, as production is sourced internationally, and suggests a modified marketing strategy.
First insights into export sales forecasting practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Winklhofer H. , Diamantopoulos A.
Published: July 2002

The literature on forecasting makes hardly any distinction between domestic and export sales forecasting. Based on in‐depth interviews with exporting firms, suggests that companies face additional problems when preparing export sales forecasts compared to forecasts for the domestic market. More specifically, using a qualitative data analysis methodology, offers insights into actual export sales forecasting practices and forecast performance. Also links company and export characteristics to forecasting practices, developing a typology of the latter, and offers suggestions for future research in the area.
Logistics strategy: does it travel well?
Authors: Clinton Steven R. , Calantone Roger J.
Published: July 2002

Notes that logistics has emerged as a subject of considerable interest ‐ particularly in terms of strategic advantage and that, as a result, logistics strategy has received increased emphasis. Points out that one popular conceptualization of logistics strategy is the Bowersox et al. (1987) typology (process/ market/channel), and that empirical evidence supports this typology in North America. States that as firms increase their international operations and involvement, logistics strategy becomes even more important. Uses factor analysis to test the typology in Germany, Japan, Australia and the UK. Reports results indicating that conceptual equivalence is difficult to maintain across these different cultures and that use of the typology may not be appropriate outside the North American sector.
Relationship between situational variables and purchasing in India and the USA
Authors: Nicholls J.A.F. , Roslow Sydney , Dublish Sandipa , Comer Lucette B.
Published: July 2002

Explores the universality of Belk’s concept of situational variables in their relationship with consumer purchase within two different cultures. Considers the relationship of five empirical dimensions with two measures of consumer purchase behaviour. The five empirical manifestations of the situational variables were included in surveys conducted in India and the USA. The empirical dimensions of the situational variables (frequency of shopping visit; the usual time of day for shopping; travel time; time spent; and number of companions) were all statistically significant when comparing India and the USA with respect to shopping behaviour (purchase of food or beverage and purchase of other products). Includes examples of how marketers might influence consumer situations within the Belkian framework in order to modify purchase behaviour.
A taxonomy of countries based on inventive activity
Authors: Leal Ricardo P. , Powers Thomas L.
Published: July 2002

Technological innovation is a major competitive input that directly translates into long‐term competitive advantage. Presents the results of research that examines innovative activity by country, based on several measures of technological performance. The patterns of inventiveness reported reflect present product development activities that will in the future directly impact the ability of a country to bring unique and high value‐added new products to market. Develops a taxonomy that suggests that there are distinctively different patterns of inventiveness by country. Discusses marketing implications of the taxonomy and proposes future research.
Business‐to‐business market making on the Internet
Authors: Klein Lisa R. , Quelch John A.
Published: July 2002

Explores the emergence of market‐making as a viable business model on the Internet. Exploratory field research suggests that business‐to‐business marketers with international audiences might find this environment most in need of the roles an electronic middleman can play. Examines the critical factors which influence success for these new market makers (MMs) and the trade‐offs they must make to ensure that they reach critical mass in the short‐term and create a sustainable position in the long term. Concludes with a set of recommendations to guide would‐be MMs in making these strategic choices.