bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards the Limits of Freudian Thinking
Authors: Van Haute Philippe
Published: January 2024

Sigmund Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle stands as a foundational text in psychoanalysis, delving into profound questions about life, death, pleasure and pain. Through a combination of contextualising and philosophical contributions, this critical edition and commentary sheds new light on Freud’s text. In a series of contributions spanning approaches from historical exegesis to philosophical reflections on key concepts and ideas presented in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, the evolution and inconsistencies found in the various versions of the text are highlighted. Particular emphasis is placed on the conceptualisation of trauma and drive theory. These commentaries also provide context for the work, examining its position within the Freudian corpus, its role in the collaborative project with Sándor Ferenczi in speculative bioanalysis, and its clinical insights into war neuroses, trauma, bonding and aggression in post-World War I society. By critically examining diverse interpretations of Freud’s work, Towards the Limits of Freudian Thinking re-actualises this classic text in contemporary philosophy and psychoanalysis, rendering it accessible to both specialised and broader audiences. Contributors: Ulrike May (Berlin), Herman Westerink (Radboud University Nijmegen), Philippe Van Haute (Radboud University Nijmegen), Ulrike Kistner (University of Pretoria), Jenny Willner (LMU Munich), Jakob Staberg (Södertörn University Stockholm)
A Novel Elbow-Inspired Cable-Driven Tensegrity Joint: Bionic Design, Coupled Kinematics, and Load Performance
Authors: Xie Xiongdun , Xiong Dezhu , Li Zhenqi , Zhiqing Wen James
Published: January 2024

Tensegrity-based robot joint offers mechanical compliance under external impact and in man-robot interaction. So its practical bionic design has become a research hotspot. A variety of tensegrity-based flexible joints have been proposed and verified, but the research is not in-depth enough on control and motion modeling, transmission characteristics, and load performance analysis for robot joints with coupled driving cables and tensegrity structure. Based on the current situation, an elbow-inspired rotary joint is proposed following human anatomy. With the help of tensegrity node balance, the inherent relationships between the joint's rotation and translation and between the driving cables” tension and the joint's rotation are derived. The load performance of the joint is also explored, and the end load is calculated from the deviation between cables' tension of a no-load condition. A prototype and an antagonistic cable driver with tension sensors are designed and manufactured to verify the proposed model, and the experimental results are well in agreement with the theoretical prediction. In the future, the model and the method proposed will be applied to bionic joints with similar structures.
Impacts of Superalloys on the Surface Quality of Additively Manufactured Channels
Authors: Corbett Thomas M. , Thole Karen A. , Ryan Daniel , Bollapragada Sudhakar
Published: January 2024

Gas turbines feature many components that require superalloys capable of handling extreme thermal environments. Increasing the selection of materials available for these components is important to their use in these extremely high-temperature environments. This study investigated two recently developed materials intended to be used for additive manufacturing (AM), with one superalloy based on cobalt and the other on nickel. Sets of four test coupons were built using the materials, in addition to the commonly used Inconel-718, on multiple laser powder bed fusion machines. Several build conditions were varied between coupon sets, including coupon orientation, contour settings, and upskin and downskin treatment. Each set of test coupons featured four unique cooling designs to explore how different cooling technologies would be impacted by the variations in build conditions. After being built, coupons were computed tomography (CT) scanned to determine accuracy to design intent and quantify the surface roughness. The CT scans indicated that horizontally built test coupons had a significantly higher deviation from design intent and higher surface roughness than those built vertically. Results also indicated that the cobalt-based alloy consistently had a smoother surface quality with lower surface roughness compared to the nickel-based alloy. After geometric characterization, the cooling performance of the test coupons was measured experimentally. Pressure losses were found to correlate with increases in surface roughness; however, in some cases, the convective heat transfer did not increase proportionally to the pressure loss as a result of surface features significantly blocking the flow without proportionally increasing convective heat transfer.
Effect of Wetsuit Use on Body Temperature and Swimming Performance During Training in the Pool: Recommendations for Open-Water Swimming Training With Wetsuits
Authors: Fujimoto Tomomi , Matsuura Yuiko , Baba Yasuhiro , Hara Reira
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Open-water swimmers need to train with wetsuits to get familiar with them; however, body core temperature (Tcore) kinetics when using wetsuits in swimming-pool training remains unclear. The present study assessed the effects of wetsuit use in pool training on Tcore, subjective perceptions, and swimming performance to obtain suggestions for wearing wetsuits in training situations. Methods: Four elite/international-level Japanese swimmers (2 female, age 24 [1] y) completed two 10-km trials with (WS) and without wetsuit (SS) in the swimming pool (Tw: 29.0 °C). During the trial, swimmers were allowed to remove their wetsuit if they could no longer tolerate the heat. Tcore was continuously recorded via ingestible temperature sensors. Swimming speed was estimated from every 100-m lap time. Results: Tcore increased by distance in both trials in all swimmers. Tcore when swimmers removed their wetsuit in the WS (distance: 3800 [245] m, time: 2744 [247] s) was higher than that at the same distance in the SS in all swimmers. Rating of perceived exertion was higher in the SS than the WS, and swimming speed was slower in the WS than the SS in all swimmers. Conclusion: Wetsuit use during pool training increases Tcore and decreases swimming performance. Although wearing wetsuits in training situations is important for familiarization, for the safety of the swimmers, it is recommended that they remove their wetsuit if they feel too hot.
“I Can Do It”: Perceived Competence of Parents of Autistic Children After Participating in a Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Columna Luis , Haegele Justin A. , Barry Ashlyn , Prieto Laura
Published: January 2024

Background: Autistic children can benefit from physical activity (PA) in a variety of ways. However, autistic children tend not to meet PA recommendations and, consequently, may not experience the associated benefits. Parental PA support can facilitate PA participation among autistic children, but parents of autistic children may lack the skills to help their child engage in PA. Few studies, to date, have examined the outcomes of parent-mediated PA interventions for autistic children. The purpose of this study was to explore parents’ perceived behavioral control (PBC) to support their autistic children in PA after their participation in a PA intervention. Methods: The theory of planned behavior served as the framework for this descriptive–qualitative investigation. Fifteen parents (each with 1 autistic child in the intervention) participated in semistructured interviews (3 wk after the intervention), which were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic line-by-line analysis. Results: Three themes characterized the changes to parents’ PBC after completing the PA intervention. Those themes were: (1) I learned by son! (2) You are my coach! and (3) I can do it! Conclusions: The results showed that by participating in a parent-mediated PA intervention, parents experienced improved confidence and awareness of their child’s abilities, thus enhancing their PBC. Future research is needed to examine how these improvements in PBC may influence the actual PA behaviors of autistic children.
Athletes’ Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Self-Compassion and Cognitive Appraisal
Authors: Aceron Brittney B. , Wilson Kathleen S. , Hoffmann Matt D. , Wiersma Lenny
Published: January 2024

Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic had implications for athletes’ mental well-being. This mixed-methods study examined the influence of self-compassion on athletes’ coping during the pandemic through the mediator of cognitive appraisal. The prospective design involved 90 athletes completing two online surveys 1 week apart measuring self-compassion, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies. The PROCESS macro was used for the mediation analysis. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to explore athletes’ responses to the pandemic during the second survey. Self-compassion had an indirect negative effect on avoidance-focused coping by appraising the pandemic as less of a threat (95% confidence interval [−0.20, −0.001]) and had a total effect on emotion-focused coping (95% confidence interval [0.02, 0.40]). Based on the thematic analysis, athletes described many raw emotions and a variety of coping strategies during the pandemic. Self-compassion demonstrated promising benefits to athletes who dealt with the challenging situation of the pandemic.
Musculoskeletal Pain, Mood, and Sports Injury in Wheelchair Power Soccer Players
Authors: Moura Ligia Raianne da Silva , Gomes Jessica Fernandez Mosqueira , Belache Fabiana Azevedo Terra Cunha , Meziat Filho Ney Armando de Mello , Vigário Patrícia dos Santos
Published: January 2024

Context: Wheelchair Power Soccer (WPS) is the only team sport that allows the participation of people with severe physical disabilities who require the daily use of motorized wheelchairs. These individuals may live with chronic pain due to the characteristics of the disabilities and treatments, interfering with their health and limiting their participation in sports. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its relationship with mood in WPS players and to analyze the incidence of traumatic injuries during a championship. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was carried out on 30 WPS athletes (93.33% male) with a mean (SD) (range) age of 22.37 (9.79) (47) years. Data collection was performed during a South American WPS Championship lasting 3 days, with: investigation of the presence of musculoskeletal pain and mood through a questionnaire; investigation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through match observation; and confirmation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through access to medical department records. Results: About 30% (n = 9/30) of the sample presented some pain on the day of evaluation, with an intensity of 5.67 (3.35) (10) points on the visual analog scale. The most common regions of pain were the lower back (13.3%, n = 4/30), thoracic (10%; n = 3/30), and cervical (10%; n = 3/30) areas of the spine. A total of 46.7% (n = 14/30) reported pain in the month before data collection but of less intensity (2.56 [4] [10] points), the most common regions being the lower limbs (20%; n = 6/30) and cervical spine (20%; n = 6/30). Among the between-group comparisons (ie, participants with pain vs without pain), no relationship was observed between mood state and pain. No traumatic injuries were identified during the competition. Conclusion: The presence of musculoskeletal pain was common in WPS players, but it was not related to mood. As no traumatic injuries were observed during the championship, this modality seems to be safe for people with physical disabilities in general.
Tartrolon E, a secondary metabolite of a marine symbiotic bacterium, is a potent inhibitor of asexual and sexual
Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Chery-Karschney Laura , Patrapuvich Rapatbhorn , Mudeppa Devaraja Gouda , Kokkonda Sreekanth , Chakrabarti Rimi , Sriwichai Patchara , O'Connor Roberta M. , Rathod Pradipsinh K. , White John
Published: January 2024

Due to the spread of resistance to front-line artemisinin derivatives worldwide, there is a need for new antimalarials. Tartrolon E (TrtE), a secondary metabolite of a symbiotic bacterium of marine bivalve mollusks, is a promising antimalarial because it inhibits the growth of sexual and asexual blood stages of
Plasmodium falciparum
at sub-nanomolar levels. The potency of TrtE warrants further investigation into its mechanism of action, cytotoxicity, and ease with which parasites may evolve resistance to it.
Identification and optimization of pyridine carboxamide-based scaffold as a drug lead for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Padam , Kumar Arun , Sharma Pankaj , Chugh Saurabh , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Nidhi , Gupta Sonu , Singh Manisha , Kidwai Saqib , Sankar Jishnu , Taneja Neha , Kumar Yashwant , Dhiman Rohan , Mahajan Dinesh , Singh Ramandeep
Published: January 2024

New drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed to tackle the issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Here, we have performed phenotypic screening using the Pathogen Box library obtained from the Medicines for Malaria Venture against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro
. We have identified a pyridine carboxamide derivative, MMV687254, as a promising hit. This molecule is specifically active against
M. tuberculosis
and
Mycobacterium bovis
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (
M. bovis
BCG) but inactive against
Enterococcus faecalis
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Acinetobacter baumanii
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Escherichia coli
pathogens. We demonstrate that MMV687254 inhibits
M. tuberculosis
growth in liquid cultures in a bacteriostatic manner. Surprisingly, MMV687254 was as active as isoniazid in macrophages and inhibited
M. tuberculosis
growth in a bactericidal manner. Mechanistic studies revealed that MMV687254 is a prodrug and that its anti-mycobacterial activity requires AmiC
-
dependent hydrolysis. We further demonstrate that MMV687254 inhibits
M. tuberculosis
growth in macrophages by inducing autophagy. In the present study, we have also carried out a detailed structure-activity relationship study and identified a promising novel lead candidate. The identified novel series of compounds also showed activity against drug-resistant
M. bovis
BCG and
M. tuberculosis
clinical strains. Finally, we demonstrate that in contrast to MMV687254, the lead molecule was able to inhibit
M. tuberculosis
growth in a chronic mouse model of infection. Taken together, we have identified a novel lead molecule with a dual mechanism of action that can be further optimized to design more potent anti-tubercular agents.
Escherichia coli
sequence type 410 with carbapenemases: a paradigm shift within
E. coli
toward multidrug resistance
Authors: Pitout Johann D. D. , Peirano Gisele , Matsumura Yasufumi , DeVinney Rebekah , Chen Liang
Published: January 2024

Escherichia coli
sequence type ST410 is an emerging carbapenemase-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk One-Health clone with the potential to significantly increase carbapenem resistance among
E. coli
. ST410 belongs to two clades (ST410-A and ST410-B) and three subclades (ST410-B1, ST410-B2, and ST410-B3). After a
fimH
switch between clades ST410-A and ST410-B1, ST410-B2 and ST410-B3 subclades showed a stepwise progression toward developing MDR. (i) ST410-B2 initially acquired fluoroquinolone resistance (via homologous recombination) in the 1980s. (ii) ST410-B2 then obtained CMY-2, CTX-M-15, and OXA-181 genes on different plasmid platforms during the 1990s. (iii) This was followed by the chromosomal integration of
bla
CMY-2
,
fstl
YRIN insertion, and ompC/ompF mutations during the 2000s to create the ST410-B3 subclade. (iv) An IncF plasmid “replacement” scenario happened when ST410-B2 transformed into ST410-B3: F36:31:A4:B1 plasmids were replaced by F1:A1:B49 plasmids (both containing
bla
CTX-M-15
) followed by
bla
NDM-5
incorporation during the 2010s. User-friendly cost-effective methods for the rapid identification of ST410 isolates and clades are needed because limited data are available about the frequencies and global distribution of ST410 clades. Basic mechanistic, evolutionary, surveillance, and clinical studies are urgently required to investigate the success of ST410 (including the ability to acquire successive MDR determinants). Such information will aid with management and prevention strategies to curb the spread of carbapenem-resistant
E. coli
. The medical community can ill afford to ignore the spread of a global
E. coli
clone with the potential to end the carbapenem era.
Trends in the activity of mold-active azole agents against
Aspergillus fumigatus
clinical isolates with and without
cyp51
alterations from Europe and North America (2017–2021)
Authors: Pfaller M. A. , Carvalhaes C. G. , Rhomberg P. R. , Desphande L. M. , Castanheira M.
Published: January 2024

A few microbiology laboratories perform antifungal susceptibility testing locally for systemically active antifungal agents. The identification of emerging azole-resistant
Aspergillus fumigatus
is worrisome. As such, there is a critical role for antifungal surveillance in tracking emerging resistance among both common and uncommon opportunistic fungi. Differences in the regional prevalence and antifungal resistance of these fungi render local epidemiological knowledge essential for the care of patients with a suspected invasive fungal infection.
Genetic analysis reveals a robust and hierarchical recruitment of the LolA chaperone to the LolCDE lipoprotein transporter
Authors: Lehman Kelly M. , May Kerrie L. , Marotta Julianna , Grabowicz Marcin
Published: January 2024

Resistance to current antibiotics is increasingly common. New antibiotics that target essential processes are needed to expand clinical options. For Gram-negative bacteria, their cell surface—the outer membrane (OM)—is an essential organelle and antibiotic barrier that is an attractive target for new antibacterials. Lipoproteins are key to building the OM. The LolCDE transporter is needed to supply the OM with lipoproteins and has been a focus of recent antibiotic discovery.
In vitro
evidence recently proposed a two-part interaction of LolC with LolA lipoprotein chaperone (which traffics lipoproteins to the OM) via “Hook” and “Pad” regions. We show that this model does not reflect lipoprotein trafficking
in vivo
. Only the Hook is essential for lipoprotein trafficking and is remarkably robust to mutational changes. The Pad is non-essential for lipoprotein trafficking but plays an ancillary role, contributing to trafficking efficiency. These insights inform ongoing efforts to drug LolCDE.
Defining the impact of flavivirus envelope protein glycosylation site mutations on sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Contreras Maya , Stuart Jackson B. , Levoir Lisa M. , Belmont Laura , Goo Leslie
Published: January 2024

Antibodies that potently cross-neutralize Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses are attractive to induce via vaccination to protect against these co-circulating flaviviruses. Structural studies have shown that viral envelope protein glycosylation is important for binding by one class of these so-called broadly neutralizing antibodies, but less is known about its effect on neutralization. Here, we investigated how envelope protein glycosylation site mutations impact the potency of broadly neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV and DENV. We found that glycan occupancy was not always predicted by an intact N-X-S/T sequence motif. Moreover, envelope protein glycosylation site mutations alter the potency of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a manner unexpected from their predicted binding mechanism as determined by existing structures. We therefore highlight the complex role and determinants of envelope protein glycosylation that should be considered in the design of vaccine antigens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru
Authors: Cuicapuza Diego , Loyola Steev , Velásquez Jorge , Fernández Nathaly , Llanos Carlos , Ruiz Joaquim , Tsukayama Pablo , Tamariz Jesús
Published: January 2024

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are a growing threat to global health and the economy. Understanding the interactions between resistance and virulence mechanisms of CPE is crucial for managing difficult-to-treat infections and informing outbreak prevention and control programs. Here, we report the characterization of 21 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of CPE collected in 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru. Isolates were characterized by phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing to identify resistance determinants and virulence factors. Seven
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates were classified as extensively drug-resistant. The remaining
Klebsiella
,
Enterobacter hormaechei,
and
Escherichia coli
isolates were multidrug-resistant. Eighteen strains carried the metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1, two the serine-carbapenemase KPC-2, and one isolate had both carbapenemases. The
bla
NDM-1
gene was located in the truncated ΔISAba125 element, and the
bla
KPC-2
gene was in the Tn4401a transposon. ST147 was the most frequent sequence type among
K. pneumoniae
isolates. Our findings highlight the urgent need to address the emergence of CPE and strengthen control measures and antibiotic stewardship programs in low- and middle-income settings.

IMPORTANCE

Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance contributes to monitoring the spread of resistance and informs treatment and prevention strategies. We characterized 21 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales collected at a Peruvian tertiary hospital in 2018, which exhibited very high levels of resistance and carried numerous resistance genes. We detected the coexistence of carbapenemase-encoding genes (
bla
NDM-1
and
bla
KPC-2
) in a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate that also had the PmrB(R256G) mutation associated with colistin resistance. The
bla
KPC-2
genes were located in Tn4401a transposons, while the
bla
NDM-1
genes were in the genetic structure Tn125 (ΔISAba125). The presence of high-risk clones among
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(ST11 and ST147) and
Escherichia coli
(ST410) isolates is also reported. The study reveals the emergence of highly resistant bacteria in a Peruvian hospital, which could compromise the effectiveness of current treatments and control.
Effect of hemispherical roughness spacing on double-averaged turbulence characteristics for different flow submergence
Authors: Shounda Jayanta , Barman Krishnendu , Debnath Koustuv
Published: January 2024

The double-averaged (DA) turbulence characteristics over rough bed comprising of hemispherical elements with different spacing ( p/ r = 2, 4, 6, and 8; p = pitch distance; r = height of hemisphere) is quantified for three flow-submergences ( h/ r = 7.14, 5.35, 3.57; mean flow-depth ( h) = 20 cm, 15 cm, and 10 cm). The production and dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are maximum at and below the crest level. Within interfacial sublayer, the degree of anisotropy is observed to be maximum for p/ r = 4 and the tendency for the return to isotropy is strongest for p/ r = 8 in the outer layer. The turbulence generated in the bottom region is still present in the outer region for low flow-submergences. The turbulence strength is maintained in the roughness order (descending) as p/ r = 4 > 2 > 6 > 8 > plane bed; wherein the change in flow-submergence does not change this order.
Spatiotemporal model improves survey indices for witch flounder stock assessment in the Grand Banks
Authors: Chen Jiaying , Gao Jin , Zhang Fan
Published: January 2024

Accurate and precise estimates of survey abundance indices are essential inputs for stock assessment models and are important for the successful conservation and management of fisheries stocks. Since abundance indices can be standardized in various different ways, from conventional design-based approaches to model-based approaches, it is essential to compare the efficiency of those approaches and quantify the consequences for stock assessments. In this study, we focus on an important commercial stock of witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) in NAFO 3N+3O divisions. We first compare the survey indices standardized by design-based and model-based approaches, and find that a model-based estimator provides more precise estimates of survey indices than design-based approach for this stock. We then apply a widely used age-structured statistical catch-at-length (ACL) assessment model to the standardized catch-at-length survey indices from both approaches to estimate the age-based population dynamics for this stock. We conclude that the ACL model fit to model-based indices performed better than the same model fit to design-based indices.
Multi-granularity Knowledge Sharing in Low-resource Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Mi Chenggang , Xie Shaoliang , Fan Yi
Published: January 2024

As the rapid development of deep learning methods, neural machine translation (NMT) has attracted more and more attention in recent years. However, lack of bilingual resources decreases the performance of the low-resource NMT model seriously. To overcome this problem, several studies put their efforts on knowledge transfer from high-resource language pairs to low-resource language pairs. However, these methods usually focus on one single granularity of language and the parameter sharing among different granularities in NMT is not well studied. In this article, we propose to improve the parameter sharing in low-resource NMT by introducing multi-granularity knowledge such as word, phrase and sentence. This knowledge can be monolingual and bilingual. We build the knowledge sharing model for low-resource NMT based on a multi-task learning framework, three auxiliary tasks such as syntax parsing, cross-lingual named entity recognition, and natural language generation are selected for the low-resource NMT. Experimental results show that the proposed method consistently outperforms six strong baseline systems on several low-resource language pairs.
Intelligent Earable Systems for Equitable Health
Authors: Chan Justin , Gollakota Shyamnath
Published: January 2024

Health inequities often show up in the global health setting, where the country a person is born in has a huge impact on their ability to access even basic medical resources, like hearing care [1]. This lack of access is often made challenging due to the prohibitively high prices of medical devices, which cannot be afforded by most of the world. Specifically, ear diagnostic hardware, and more broadly audiology as a field, has not seen significant advances in making medical devices more affordable or accessible. As a result, this has led to the continued use of outdated diagnostic equipment that still costs thousands of dollars. At the same time, mobile computing technologies have advanced substantially over the last two decades since the introduction of the first iPhone in 2007. Today, even budget smartphones and earphones with incredible economies of scale incorporate high-quality microphones and speakers that are ubiquitous around the world.
A New mmWave-Speech Multimodal Speech System for Voice User Interface
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Lin Feng
Published: January 2024

Voice user interface (VUI) plays an essential role in intelligent scenes, e.g., smart homes. It provides a hands- and eyes-free human-machine interaction between humans and Internet of Things devices. Benefiting from the development of deep learning and natural language process, the automatic speech recognition (ASR) entitles VUI to the capacity of accurate comprehension on users' intentions. With such a convenient and flexible service, users can interact with various devices as they please. Commercial VUI products have gained in popularity over recent years, such as smart speakers (e.g., Amazon Echo and Google Home), voice assistants in smartphones (e.g., Siri), and in-vehicle voice control interactions (e.g., VUIs in Tesla Model S/X/3/Y). Analysts forecast that by 2024, the deployment of VUI-based smart speakers will reach 640 million globally.
Experimental colitis-induced visceral hypersensitivity is attenuated by GABA treatment in mice
Authors: Gold Michael S. , Loeza-Alcocer Emanuel
Published: January 2024

GABA treatment reduces the severity of colitis and inflammation and produces inhibition of visceral hypersensitivity in colon-inflamed mice. These results raise the promising possibility that GABA treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of symptoms associated with colitis. However, clinical studies are required to corroborate whether this mouse-model data translates to human colon.
Highlights of how single-cell analyses are illuminating differentiation and disease in the gastric corpus
Authors: Adkins-Threats Mahliyah , Huang Yang-Zhe , Mills Jason C.
Published: January 2024

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful technique to identify novel cell markers, developmental trajectories, and transcriptional changes during cell differentiation and disease onset and progression. In this review, we highlight recent scRNA-seq studies of the gastric corpus in both human and murine systems that have provided insight into gastric organogenesis, identified novel markers for the various gastric lineages during development and in adults, and revealed transcriptional changes during regeneration and tumorigenesis. Overall, by elucidating transcriptional states and fluctuations at the cellular level in healthy and disease contexts, scRNA-seq may lead to better, more personalized clinical treatments for disease progression.
FOXO3: at the crossroads of metabolic, inflammatory, and tumorigenic remodeling in the colon
Authors: Snarski Patricia , Ghimire Jenisha , Savkovic Suzana D.
Published: January 2024

The Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor regulates the expression of genes critical for diverse cellular functions in homeostasis. Diminished FOXO3 activity is associated with human diseases such as obesity, metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In the mouse colon, FOXO3 deficiency leads to an inflammatory immune landscape and dysregulated molecular pathways, which, under various insults, exacerbates inflammation and tumor burden, mimicking characteristics of human diseases. This deficiency also results in dysregulated lipid metabolism, and consequently, the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) in colonic epithelial cells and infiltrated immune cells. FOXO3 and LDs form a self-reinforcing negative regulatory loop in colonic epithelial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, which is associated with inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer, particularly in the context of obesity.
Membrane Dynamics and Cation Handling in Ferroptosis
Authors: Hirata Yusuke , Mishima Eikan
Published: January 2024

Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death hallmarked by excessive lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various (patho)physiological contexts. During ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation leads to a diverse change in membrane properties and the dysregulation of ion homeostasis via the cation channels, ultimately resulting in plasma membrane rupture. This review illuminates cellular membrane dynamics and cation handling in ferroptosis regulation.
Lung Ultrasound and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Fluid Status Assessing Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Zheng Danna , Liu Yueming , Li Yuting , Jin Juan , He Qiang , Shen Xiaogang
Published: January 2024

Background. Volume overload is a fatal complication for people undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, regulating a patient’s “dry weight” based on their fluid status is imperative. Clinical experiences are too subjective to accurately judge a patient’s fluid status, but techniques have emerged for improved fluid control in the two decades. Specifically, lung ultrasonography (LUS) uses a unique aspect of ultrasound images, the B-lines, to evaluate extravascular lung water, which has increasingly attracted attention. However, the role of B-line quantification in predicting short-mid-term death and/or cardiovascular complications is unclear. Methods. Patients undergoing MHD at the hemodialysis center of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from October 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, were examined using LUS and a bioelectrical impedance analysis before and after dialysis, and related clinical data were collected. All patients were followed up for one year after the examination, and deaths and first cardiovascular events (e.g., stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure) during this period were recorded. Results. 98 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups in relation to their mild (<16 B-lines), moderate (16–30 B-lines), or severe (>30 B-lines) hypervolemia, defined by the number of B-lines. The long-term survival rate was significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups. LUS and bioelectrical impedance-related parameters (e.g., extracellular water-to-water ratio) were closely related to cardiac ultrasound parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction) (P<0.001). The optimal B-line cutoff value on LUS for predicting fluid overload (defined clinically) in patients on hemodialysis was 11.5 lines (AUC = 0.840, 95% confidence interval 0.735–0.945, P<0.001), and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were both 76.5%. During the one-year follow-up period, ten deaths and six cardiovascular events occurred. The survival rate was significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild group (log-rank test χ2 = 10.050, P=0.002) but did not differ between the severe and moderate groups (χ2 = 2.629, P=0.105). Conclusion. LUS is a cheap, noninvasive, simple, and repeatable volume-monitoring method that can assist with individualized fluid volume management in patients undergoing MHD. LUS results may also help to predict the short-mid-term survival rate of patients to a certain extent.
Some Properties of S-Semiannihilator Small Submodules and S-Small Submodules with respect to a Submodule
Authors: Farzalipour F. , Rajaee S. , Ghiasvand P.
Published: January 2024

Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity, S⊆R be a multiplicatively closed subset of R, and M be a unital R-module. In this article, we introduce the concepts of S-semiannihilator small submodules and S-T-small submodules as generalizations of S-small submodules. We investigate some basic properties of them and give some characterizations of such submodules, especially for (finitely generated faithful) multiplication modules.
Object Detection Algorithm of Transmission Lines Based on Improved YOLOv5 Framework
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhou Xianjun , Shi Yike , Guo Xuan , Liu Hang
Published: January 2024

Foreign objects easily attach to the transmission lines because of the various laying methods and the complex, changing environment. They have a significant impact on the safe operation capability of transmission lines if these foreign objects are not detected and removed in time. An improved YOLOv5 technique is provided to detect foreign objects in transmission lines due to the low-foreign object recognition accuracy image detection. The method first reduces the computation and memory consumption by introducing the RepConv structure, further improves the detection accuracy and speed of the model by embedding the C2F structure. This method finally is further optimized neural network by the Meta-ACON activation function. The results indicate that the average detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv5 network can reach 96.9%, which is 2.2% higher than before. Additionally, corresponding detection speed can reach 258.36 frames/second, which surpasses existing mainstream target detection models, performing better in terms of the balance of inference speed and detection accuracy. Consequently, the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm have been proved.
Optimal Reservation Volume of Urban Roads Based on Travel Reservation Strategy
Authors: Zhou Ruiyu , Chen Hengrui , Chen Hong
Published: January 2024

Improving the spatial‐temporal balance between the supply and demand of urban transportation and alleviating traffic congestion are important ways to build sustainable cities. The travel reservation strategy (TRS) is more flexible and refined than traditional traffic demand management methods. This study aims to determine the optimal reservation volume (ORV) for urban roads and verify the effectiveness of the TRS. First, we employed the sustained flow index to estimate the ORV from the degree of trade‐off between the road breakdown probability and capacity. Then, a bilevel programming model based on ORV constraints was established to analyse the effectiveness of the TRS. The results indicated that the ORV range is 0.79–0.89 times the road capacity. The TRS can achieve the best steady benefit when the demand for reservation travel reaches at least 40%. Selecting the most congested critical roads in the network to implement TRS is more effective than on a large area. The driver default behavior will increase the V/C ratios and travel costs of all roads in the network. It has been proven that the reservation transportation mode will promote the spatial‐temporal balance between supply and demand to alleviate traffic congestion.
Mangiferin Alleviates Exercise-Induced Fatigue through Inhibition of NFκB-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Li Chu-Jian , Li Mao-Ting , Zhang Yin-Yin , Xu Shou-Feng , Li Hong-Xia , Chen Wan-Qiu , Cheng Jin , Gu De-Qian , Geng Xin , Si Ya-Chen , Shen Hui , Lu Hong-Tao
Published: January 2024

Background. Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power production in response to contractile activity, which can cause muscle damage and limit athletic performance. A mass of phytochemicals were certified feasibly in relieving exercise-induced fatigue. Mangiferin, a multifactorial pharmacological phytochemical, was a promising candidate in theory; nonetheless, the potential molecular mechanisms of mangiferin on exercise-induced fatigue need to be elucidated. Methods. In this research, a mouse fatigue model was induced by forced swimming 4 weeks, and mangiferin was supplied in 100 mg/kg. The protective effects of mangiferin were illustrated by rotating rod test, serum biochemical indicators (LA, CK, BUN, ALT, and AST), and gastrocnemius morphology. Then, the targets of mangiferin against exercise-induced fatigue were predicted using network pharmacology through a comprehensive search and analysis with STITCH, PharmMapper Serve, STRING, and AutoDock Vina. Furthermore, predicted target genes were verified in gastrocnemius by immunohistochemistry. Results. Mangiferin has a significant antifatigue effect by prolonging the rotating time of the rod test. Serum biochemical indicators were mitigated (LA, CK, BUN, ALT, and AST), and gastrocnemius injury was easing. Network pharmacology was used to find that mangiferin might alleviate exercise-induced fatigue through regulating NFκB, PTGS2, TNF-α, and CCL2, and those aberrant expressions were verified in gastrocnemius. Molecular docking indicated that NFκB may be the most important molecule locking with mangiferin. Furthermore, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA were significantly upregulated, while SOD and GSH-PX were downregulated in serum of fatigue mice, which were reversed with mangiferin treatment. Conclusion. Mangiferin is a feasible treatment to mitigate exercise-induced fatigue by anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress, through regulating the expression of NFκB and its downstream molecules.
Effect of Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.)
Authors: Rithichai Panumart , Jirakiattikul Yaowapha , Nambuddee Ratchaneekon , Itharat Arunporn
Published: January 2024

Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) has been used extensively in Thai traditional medicine, where it is commonly utilized as a part of herbal remedies for treating various ailments. Cultivation methods using exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to induce secondary metabolites have been documented in various plant species. Nevertheless, there is no reported information available on holy basil. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of SA foliar application on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of holy basil. SA at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mM was foliar sprayed 30 days after transplanting (DAT) compared to spraying with tap water as the control. The plants were harvested at 33 DAT. Exogenous SA at 0.1–1.5 mM enhanced the contents of bioactive compounds and improved antioxidant activity. The highest contents of eugenol (17,829.53 ± 243.11 μg/g dry extract), total phenolics (444.10 ± 2.80 mg GAE/g dry extract), and total flavonoids (382.69 ± 6.49 mg QE/g dry extract) were achieved at 1.0 mM SA foliar application, which was 282.96, 1.76, and 2.14 times, respectively, over control. Furthermore, the greatest antioxidant activity was observed in the 1.0 mM SA treatment. In contrast, the 2.0 and 2.5 mM SA treatments had lower levels of antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds than the control. The results of this study suggest that exogenous 1.0 mM SA foliar application is an effective method to produce enriched bioactivity in holy basil.
Ameliorative Potential of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) following Repeated Coexposure with Fluoride and Dimethoate in Blood and Brain of Wistar Rats
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Verma Pawan Kumar , Sood Shilpa , Raina Rajinder , Tukra Sheen , Bhat Zuhaib F. , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Coexposure to exogenous neurotoxins, such as fluoride (F−) and dimethoate (DM), is a serious public health concern. In the current study, Wistar rats were exposed to DM (1/10th LD50) and F− (4.5 ppm) in drinking water individually as well as in combination continuously for 28 days and the effectiveness of ginger and quercetin was assessed in combating the oxidative stress-mediated combined toxic effects on blood and brain. Significant (p<0.05) reductions were observed in the levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), blood glutathione (GSH), activities of catalase (CAT), total thiols (TTH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aryl esterase (AE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) whereas significant elevations (p<0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were recorded in blood and brain of coexposed rats. Administration of ginger and quercetin significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated the combined F- and DM-induced hematotoxicity as well as neurotoxicity as indicated by the levels of markers of oxidative injury in brain and blood in coexposed rats, which showed significant (p<0.05) improvement. Moreover, pathological changes, such as neurodegeneration, perivascular edema, and gliosis, observed after combined F− and DM toxicity in the brain (cerebrum and cerebellum) were markedly reduced after ginger supplementation.
Spatial‐Arrangement‐Assisted Emission Energy Fine Tuning of CdSe Quantum Dots (QDs) in QD–Block Copolymer Complexes
Authors: Jang Jong Dae , Seo Hyuk-Jin , Yoon Young-Jin , Han Young Soo , Shin Eun-Joo , Kim Tae-Hwan
Published: January 2024

Quantum dots (QDs) exhibit size‐dependent optical properties, where both the absorption and fluorescence energy levels vary with QD size. However, this dependence results in a discontinuity of intrinsically accessible energy levels for the bandgap, posing challenges in achieving precise energy tuning within a specific range. Herein, we demonstrate emission energy control of QDs with identical absorption energy levels by manipulating the spatial arrangement of QDs within QD–polymer complexes through hydrophobic interactions. The phase behavior of the QD–polymer complexes was modulated by adjusting the mass fraction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks in the block copolymer, utilizing two types of amphiphilic block copolymers and varying temperatures. The QDs were spontaneously trapped within the hydrophobic region of the polymer template in water, resulting in spherical, cylindrical, and vesicle structures of QD–polymer complexes, corresponding to spherical, cylindrical, and layered assemblies of QDs, respectively. Depending on the QDs’ location within the QD–polymer complex, the surface area in contact with water varied, leading to different degrees of oxidation and, consequently, a change in the fluorescence energy level of QDs. This study introduces a novel method to fine tune the emission energy (<15 eV) of QDs by adjusting the polymer form factor without complicated procedures.
Lysine Deacetylation Is a Key Function of the Lysyl Oxidase Family of Proteins in Cancer
Authors: Wu Xingxing , Li Xue , Wang Luwei , Bi Xianxia , Zhong Weihong , Yue Jicheng , Chin Y. Eugene
Published: January 2024

Mammalian members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of proteins carry a copper-dependent monoamine oxidase domain exclusively within the C-terminal region, which catalyzes ε-amine oxidation of lysine residues of various proteins. However, recent studies have demonstrated that in LOX-like (LOXL) 2–4 the C-terminal canonical catalytic domain and N-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) repeats domain exhibit lysine deacetylation and deacetylimination catalytic activities. Moreover, the N-terminal SRCR repeats domain is more catalytically active than the C-terminal oxidase domain. Thus, LOX is the third family of lysine deacetylases in addition to histone deacetylase and sirtuin families. In this review, we discuss how the LOX family targets different cellular proteins for deacetylation and deacetylimination to control the development and metastasis of cancer.
Supplementary Table 7 from Male-Pattern Vertex Baldness Trajectories, Chest Hair Patterns, and Odds of Overall and Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Salmon Charlotte , Mesidor Miceline , Rousseau Marie-Claude , Richard Hugues , Weiss Deborah , Spence Andrea R. , Parent Marie-Elise
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 7. Association between joint exposure of baldness and chest hair amount, and odds of prostate cancer, according to cancer aggressiveness (Gleason score <8, Gleason score ≥ 8), Prostate Cancer & Environment Study, Montreal, Canada, 2005–2012
Supplementary Figure 4 from Male-Pattern Vertex Baldness Trajectories, Chest Hair Patterns, and Odds of Overall and Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Salmon Charlotte , Mesidor Miceline , Rousseau Marie-Claude , Richard Hugues , Weiss Deborah , Spence Andrea R. , Parent Marie-Elise
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Figure 4. Forest plot of studies on vertex baldness and prostate cancer risk. Supplementary figure 4 shows the forest plot depicting the main results obtained in studies investigating the link between vertex baldness, age of onset, severity and prostate cancer.
Table S12 from Investigating Causal Effects of Hematologic Traits on Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yang Zhanghuan , He Hao , He Guangxu , Zeng Chudai , Hu Qian
Published: January 2024

SNPs Used in Multivariable Mendelian Randomization
Table S11 from Investigating Causal Effects of Hematologic Traits on Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yang Zhanghuan , He Hao , He Guangxu , Zeng Chudai , Hu Qian
Published: January 2024

Causal Effects of Identified Traits After Adjustment for Potential Confounders
Supplemental Table 9 from Mobile Phone Use and Risks of Overall and 25 Site-Specific Cancers: A Prospective Study from the UK Biobank Study
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ye Ziliang , Yang Sisi , Liu Mengyi , Wu Qimeng , Zhou Chun , He Panpan , Gan Xiaoqin , Qin Xianhui
Published: January 2024

Supplemental Table 9. The follow-up time of incident all cancer, nonmelanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, urinary tract cancer and vulva cancer, among different groups of length of mobile phone use in mobile phone users.