bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Drug Interactions with Cannabinoids in Selected Chronic Diseases: Epilepsy, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Oncology, Multiple Sclerosis and Pain
Authors: Campos Maria Graça , China Maria , Claudio Mariana , Capinha Miguel , Torres Rita , Oliveira Simao , Fortuna Ana
Published: February 2024

The clinical practice implies a research translation that helps the use of scientific data and thera-peutic evidence for patient benefits. This review critically summarizes the potential impact of cannabinoids in concomitance with other drugs in the following chronic diseases as Epilepsy, Au-tism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Oncology, Multiple Sclerosis, and Chronic Pain. The potential in-teractions can change the predicted clinical outcomes of therapeutic protocols and need to be evaluated. Some of the effects would be additive, synergistic or antagonistic, but can also enroll changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, particularly via cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoen-zymes (e.g CYP2C9 and CYP3A4) and excretion. For instance, the combination of canna-bis-derived compounds and the antifungal drug ketoconazole, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, increases plasma concentration of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBD (CBD). Opposable, rifampic-in, a CYP3A4 inducer, stands out for the approximately 20-40% reduction in plasma THC levels and 50% to 60% for CBD. Other CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers are likely to have a similar effect on plasma concentrations if co-administered. Indeed, pharmacokinetic interactions have been also reported with antiseizure drugs. Moreover, pharmacodynamic interactions between cannabinoids and drugs with sympathomimetic effects (eg tachycardia, hypertension), central nervous system depressants (eg drowsiness, ataxia), and anticholinergics (eg tachycardia and drowsiness) are also expected. Even though pending further studies, there is currently clinical evidence supporting drug interaction with cannabinoids, demanding doctors evaluate the risk of drug combinations with cannabinoids. The tables herein provided were designed to facilitate the identification of bi-orelevant interactions that may compromise therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
Plan de negocios para la comercialización de alimentos BARF para perros vía online en Lima moderna
Authors:   , Blacido Crisanto Ruth Anghela , Lopez Soto Jaquelina Estefania , Torrejon Morales Christian Aarom , Carhuas Janampa Eliana Mariela
Published: February 2024

El siguiente plan de negocios propone el poder establecer una plataforma de venta online de alimentos para perros en la Lima moderna. La propuesta se basa en brindar una experiencia de compra conveniente y especializada a los dueños de mascotas en los distritos seleccionados y con alto poder adquisitivo. Nuestra diferenciación radica en la calidad de nuestros productos y la facilidad de uso de nuestra plataforma online. Implementaremos un sitio web intuitivo y personalizado para cada cliente, basado en sus preferencias y necesidades. Además, estableceremos alianzas con expertos en el cuidado de mascotas para brindar asesoría y contenido educativo. En resumen, nuestra estrategia comercial busca satisfacer la necesidad de alimentos y accesorios para perros de alta calidad en Lima Moderna, ofreciendo una plataforma online confiable y conveniente para los dueños de mascotas. Nuestra visión es convertirnos en una opción líder en el mercado, brindando a los clientes una forma cómoda y segura de cuidar y consentir a sus queridas mascotas.
Modelamiento de isotermas de desorción y cinética de secado con aire caliente de Chondracanthus chamissoi (C. Agardh) Kützing, 1843
Authors:   , Palomino Caceres Alessandra Piedad
Published: February 2024

El alga roja Chondracanthus chamissoi tiene gran potencial por los beneficios que tiene su consumo directo y para la obtención de productos secundarios. Uno de los mercados principales es China, por lo que es importante tener un manejo adecuado para su almacenamiento y transporte. Las isotermas de desorción permiten calcular hasta qué humedad debe secarse el alga y los modelos de cinética de secado permiten predecir el tiempo que tomará llegar a ese punto. El objetivo fue modelar ambos fenómenos para C. chamissoi en etapa tetrasporofítico y carposporofítico. Se utilizó el método gravimétrico para los experimentos de desorción a 25, 40 y 55°C, poniendo a prueba las ecuaciones de GAB (Guggenheim, Anderson, de Boer), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), Halsey y Oswin. El mejor ajuste lo obtuvo la de GAB para ambas fases, con los mayores r2 y los menores valores de ERMS. Para la cinética de secado se usó secado por convección de aire a 40, 50, 60 y 70°C, y se calcularon los modelos con las ecuaciones de Newton, Henderson-Pabis y Page Modificado. Al comparar el ratio de humedad experimental versus lo calculado por los modelos, la ecuación de Page Modificado demostró tener el mejor ajuste con las mismas pruebas estadísticas para ambas fases. Además, se confirmó que existe dependencia de la temperatura sobre los parámetros del modelo Page Modificado (ki) con la prueba de ANOVA (P<0.05) seguido de un post-hoc Multiple Range Test, y con la ecuación tipo Arrhenius. Esta ecuación permite el cálculo de la energía de activación (Ea), siendo 27.91, 27.04 y 27.12 kJ/mol para k1, k2 y k3 respectivamente para tetrasporofitas, y 28.36, 28.72 y 27.56 kJ/mol para el grupo de carposporofitas. Se concluye que ambas ecuaciones simulan eficientemente el proceso de secado de C. chamissoi y sirven como una excelente herramienta para determinar el...
Evolución de las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama en países latinoamericanos y su mortalidad para el año 2030
Authors:   , Torres Roman Junior Smith
Published: February 2024

Antecedentes El cáncer de mama es una de las principales causas de mortalidad por cáncer entre las mujeres de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), pero se carece de un análisis exhaustivo y actualizado de las tendencias de mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama entre 1997 y 2017 para los países de ALC y predecir la mortalidad hasta 2030. Métodos Se recuperaron las muertes por cáncer de mama en 17 países de ALC de la base de datos de mortalidad de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se estimaron las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas por edad por 100.000 mujeres-año. Las tendencias de mortalidad se evaluaron con análisis de regresión Joinpoint por país y grupo de edad (todas las edades, <50 años y ≥50 años). Para 2030, predecimos el número de muertes, las tasas de mortalidad, los cambios en la estructura y el tamaño de la población y el riesgo de muerte por cáncer de mama. Resultados Argentina, Uruguay y Venezuela registraron las tasas de mortalidad más elevadas durante todo el periodo de estudio. Guatemala, El Salvador y Nicaragua registraron los mayores aumentos (de 2,4% a 2,8% anual), mientras que Argentina, Chile y Uruguay registraron tendencias a la baja (de -1,0 a -1,6% anual). En mujeres <50y, seis países presentaron tendencias a la baja y cinco países mostraron tendencias al alza. En mujeres ≥50y, tres países presentaron tendencias decrecientes y diez mostraron tendencias crecientes. En 2030, se esperan aumentos en la región de América Latina y el Caribe, principalmente en Guatemala (+63,0%), Nicaragua (+47,3), El Salvador (+46,2%), Ecuador (+38,5%) y Venezuela (+29,9%). Conclusión Nuestros hallazgos sugieren diferencias considerables en la mortalidad por cáncer de mama en los países de...
Locally Led Emergency Response Fund (LL-ERF) Project: Experiences from Bangladesh, Puerto Rico, and Uganda
Authors: Manlutac Janice Ian , Kasumba Joseph Mary
Published: February 2024

This report contains learning from a pilot implementation of the Locally Led Emergency Response Fund (LL-ERF) Project in three countries. The LL-ERF is a funding innovation that provides flexible, quick humanitarian funding to local actors in order to save lives during emergencies, advocate for the rights of people affected, and advance the shifting of power to local actors in the humanitarian sector. In the pilot, the LL-ERF was designed and managed by a consortium of local actors in each of the three pilot sites. Feedback from communities showed that this funding facility helped reduce suffering caused by low-attention disasters. This learning report identifies good practices and challenges and documents the experience of local actors in managing funds and designing response options. The learning in this report presents opportunities to explore how best to increase and direct funding to local actors. At the same time, it identifies barriers encountered during the LL-ERF Project that stakeholders in this sector must continue to overcome together.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОЦЕНКИ СОТРУДНИКОВ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТА СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ПО ПРОИЗВОДСТВУ КЕРАМИКИ
Authors: Маратканова Э. М.
Published: February 2024

В данной статье рассмотрено значение оценки сотрудников как ключевого показателя эффективной деятельности предприятия. Представлено исследование по определению эффективности системы оценки и аттестации персонала и ее влиянию на деятельность предприятии по производству керамики.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТОДИКИ 8D
Authors: Репина Ю. А. , Марков В. М.
Published: February 2024

Актуальность темы работы заключается в том, что на предприятиях увеличивается интерес к применению методов командной работы. Командные методы работы могут принести огромную помощь компании при решении проблем. Методика 8D является одним из методов командной работы и высокоэффективный инструмент для поиска корневых причин несоответствий и внедрения корректирующих мероприятий.
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ И УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ КАК КОМПЛЕМЕНТАРНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Селиверстова Н. С. , Григорьева О. В.
Published: February 2024

В этих материалах на основании систематизации некоторых фактов о реализации проектов внедрения информационных систем и технологий на предприятиях промышленности описываются выявленные содержательные проявления использования информационно-коммуникационных технологий в производственных процессах, которые ведут к культурным трансформация на предприятиях.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ ДЛЯ СУДЕБНЫХ ЭКСПЕРТИЗ ДТП
Authors: Антонов С. А. , Анотонов А. С.
Published: February 2024

Рассмотрена задача применения искусственного интеллекта при принятии решений в оценочной деятельности и судебной экспертизе.
ИНФЛЯЦИЯ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ
НЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Бойко Д. А. , Ершов Ю. О.
Published: February 2024

В данной статье рассмотрена инфляция, как главный объект макроэкономической нестабильности, проанализировано влияние инфляции на социально – экономическую жизнь населения в регионах страны. Проанализированы три вида инфляции и рассмотрена основная характеристика данного феномена.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ: СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ И ВЫВОДЫ
Authors: Васильев В. Л. , Шарипов Р. Р. , Ситников А. Н.
Published: February 2024

В статье рассмотрена проблема необходимости инновационного прорыва для российской экономики. На основе статистической отчетности по регионам России проведен анализ показателей инновационной деятельности. Выявлены как положительные, так и отрицательные тенденции в инновационном развитии страны. По результатам корреляционного анализа выявлена положительная прямая связь между объемом затрат на исследования и разработки и вкладом валового регионального продукта в общий валовый продукт страны.
ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА ПРИ ПЛАНИРОВАНИИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ УРОКОВ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА В СПО
Authors: Газизуллина А. Р.
Published: February 2024

Данная статья посвящена вопросам использования технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в системе среднего профессионального образования. Актуальность темы связана с тем, что в настоящее время ИИ становится все более востребованным инструментом. Методологическую основу представленной статьи составляют научные и практические работы российских и зарубежных ученых в области возможности применения искусственного интеллекта в образовательном процессе. Исследователи разделились на две группы, а исследования, направленные на определение оптимальных способов использования ИИ в образовательном процессе, продолжаются. В статье репрезентируется использование инструментов ИИ при проектировании интерактивных уроков по дисциплине «Русский язык». Результаты исследования могут быть полезны преподавателям среднего профессионального образования при планировании уроков профессионально-ориентированной направленности.
Genetic control of changes in locomotor activity caused by social experience in Drosophilamales
Authors: Bragina Julia V. , Goncharova Anna A. , Besedina Natalia G. , Danilenkova Larisa V. , Kamysheva Elena A. , Kamyshev Nikolai G.
Published: February 2024

Social experience (housing in an unisexual group) modifies locomotor activity in Drosophila. In females, suppression of locomotion occurs only when flies are in aggregations [1], but males retain a lowered level of locomotor activity up to 5 days after their separation from a group [2]. The mechanism by which social experience (housing in a group) affects locomotor activity in Drosophila males is yet unknown. To study the genetic control and clarify the mechanisms of behavioral changes resulting from social experience, we have tested the locomotor activity modifications in various mutants, including those with impaired learning and memory, circadian rhythms, some biochemical pathways, and sensory systems. The results of the present study show that these changes do not seem to be based on the learning and memory mechanisms. The biogenic amines (dopamine and octopamine) seems to play a principal role in the changes in locomotor activity caused by social experience. Also, the dependence of this behavioral modification on olfactory perception was shown. This implies the possible participation of pheromones, which should be verified in future research.
Also, with the same aim, we have performed the screening of our collection of mutants carrying random autosomal insertions of PdLtransposon. Five candidate genes presumably playing a role in behavioral modifications resulting from social experience were revealed (Dek, Hel89B, RpL41, CG11791 and NaCP60E). The results imply a possible role for epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the modification of locomotor behavior caused by social experience.
Failure Analysis of a Functionally Graded Multilayer Coated Stainless Steel Pipe for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Abedini Sanam , Chan Foon Min Amy Chu Pui , Dong Chensong , Davies Ian
Published: February 2024

In this study, a plane strain finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to investigate failure mechanisms of a hydrogen storage pipe system made of 316L stainless steel pipe coated with pure and functionally graded (FG) ceramic layers composed of Al2O3 and SiC. The system was studied for different common failure mechanisms, i.e., delamination, surface cracking and buckling delamination, upon cooling from an elevated stress-free temperature. Finally, the composition and thickness of the coating layers were considered as the main controlling factors and investigated for their influence on the studied failure mechanisms. It was observed that the most energetically favourable cracking mechanism for this type of system was surface cracking with the propagation of these cracks eventually leading to different failure paths. Buckling was found to be as less energetically favourable compared to surface cracking with the buckling resistance being enhanced by changing the coating thickness and composition factor.
The effects of regional anesthesia combined with awake delayed extubation in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Jinghao , He Yihang , Lin Jing , Yu Shan , Chang Yongliang , Zuo Youbo
Published: February 2024

Objective: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the most frequent complications after esophagectomy, which usually causes to hypoxemia. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether regional anesthesia combined with awake delayed extubation improves postoperative oxygenation index after esophagectomy.
Methods: Ninety patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer undergoing elective thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy were randomized to three groups, control group (C group), regional anesthesia group (N group) and regional anesthesia combined with awake delayed extubation group (ND group). Regional anesthesia included serratus anterior plane block, transversus abdominis plane block, and rectus abdominis sheath block. Awake delayed extubation was defined as removing the endotracheal tube 30 min after waking up. The primary outcome was postoperative oxygenation index; secondary outcomes were the incidence of PPCs, analgesics consumption, postoperative pain scores, time to first flatus, time to first defecation, and hospital stays.
Results: The oxygenation index of ND group was significantly higher than the N group（P＜0.05) and C group（P<0.05) at 1 hour and 24 hours postoperatively. The incidence of PPCs was significantly lower in the ND group than in the N group and C group (61.5% vs.51.8% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.026*).
Conclusion: Regional anesthesia combined with awake delayed extubation can significantly improve postoperative oxygenation index, reduce the incidence of PPCs, and promote patient recovery after thoracolaparoscopic esophageal cancer surgery.
Trial registration: The study was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, (ChiCTR2200066726) on 12/05/2023.
Male partners’ participation in childbirth and its influence on couples’ immediate postpartum family planning initiation: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Uhawenimana Thierry Claudien , Muhayimana Alice , Ndikumana Edouard , Mbabazi Eugenie , Richard Nsengiyumva , Josephine Murekezi
Published: February 2024

Background Immediate initiation of contraception after childbirth can have positive effects on women and their families by helping them to effectively plan the spacing of births. Research indicates that women often desire the presence of their male partners during childbirth to actively engage in the initiation of contraceptive use. The involvement of men in this process is of utmost importance. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of evidence that explores the impact of male partners' physical presence during childbirth on the initiation of immediate postpartum family planning by couples. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in two hospitals located in Kigali. Prior to their discharge, a questionnaire was administered by an interviewer to 480 women in order to gather data on various aspects including demographic information, the presence of partners during childbirth, and the selection of family planning methods. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics and inferential analytical methods were employed to determine frequencies, percentages, and associations between different variables. Results Out of the 480 women who participated in the study, a total of 232 women, accounting for 48.3%, reported that their male partners were present during childbirth. Additionally, 60.6% of the women opted for a family planning method immediately after giving birth, with 33.7% of them choosing intrauterine devices. When it comes to the decision-making process, 42% of the 291 women who selected a preferred method made the decision on their own, while 34% made a joint decision with their partners. Among the 189 women who did not choose any family planning method, 27% stated that it was too early for them to make a decision, and 25.9% mentioned that they needed time to recover first. Interestingly, although a slightly higher proportion of women (63.4%) whose partners were present at birth initiated immediate postpartum contraceptive use compared to women whose partners were not present (58.1%), there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (χ2 = 1.409, P = 0.137). Conclusion The current data suggests that the presence of male partners during childbirth is still relatively low and requires additional efforts to improve. In order to increase men's participation in decision-making regarding immediate postpartum family planning, healthcare facilities should focus on enhancing family planning education. Furthermore, conducting a comprehensive study on a larger scale would be beneficial to explore the impact of male partners' presence on couples' initiation of family planning immediately after childbirth.
Influence of Medical Information in Doctor-patient Communication on Patients' Medical Satisfaction:Evidence from experimental studies
Authors: Wang Jingze , Liu Siyu
Published: February 2024

Background: Medical information plays an important role in doctor-patient communication.
Objective: This study were conducted to explore how the types of medical information and the information risk symmetry affect patients' medical satisfaction in different types of doctor-patient communication (doctor-center/patient-center).
Method: This is a experiment study.
Results: The results showed that: (1) Regardless of the types of doctor-patient communication, higher medical satisfaction tend to appear when patients receive more treatment information than disease information. (2) The medical satisfaction of doctor-centered communication was significantly higher than that of patient-centered communication when presented with asymmetric risk medial information.
Conclusions: Delivering more treatment information is beneficial to improving treatment outcomes. Meanwhile, doctors should be trained to correctly deliver medical information.
Quality assurance for next-generation sequencing diagnostics of rare neurological diseases in the European Reference Network
Authors: Graessner Holm , Maver Aleš , Lohmann Katja , Borovečki Fran , Wolstenholme Nicola , Taylor Rachel , Spielmann Malte , Haack Tobias , Gerberding Matthias , Peterlin Borut
Published: February 2024

In the past decade, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genetic diagnostics for rare neurological disorders (RND). However, the lack of standardized technical, interpretative, and reporting standards poses a challenge for ensuring consistent and high-quality diagnostics globally. To address this, the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) collaborated with the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network (EMQN) to establish an external quality assessment scheme for NGS-based diagnostics in RNDs. The scheme, initiated in 2021 with a pilot involving 29 labs and followed by a second round in 2022 with 42 labs, aimed to evaluate the performance of laboratories in genetic testing for RNDs. Each participating lab analysed genetic data from three hypothetical cases, assessing genotyping, interpretation, and clerical accuracy. Despite a majority of labs using exome or genome sequencing, there was considerable variability in gene content, sequencing quality, adherence to standards, and clinical guidance provision. Results showed that while most labs provided correct molecular diagnoses, there was significant variability in reporting technical quality, adherence to interpretation standards, reporting strategies, and clinical commentary. Notably, some labs returned results with the potential for adverse medical outcomes. This underscores the need for further harmonization, guideline development, and external quality assessment in the evolving landscape of genomic diagnostics for RNDs. Overall, the experience with the scheme highlighted the generally good quality of participating labs but emphasized the imperative for ongoing improvement in data analysis, interpretation, and reporting to enhance patient safety.
Acoustics for seismic monitoring H2 storage in saline aquifers. A comparative study with the CO2 and CH4 cases.
Authors: Gei Davide , Carcione Jose Maria , Picotti Stefano
Published: February 2024

We model the acoustics of rocks partially saturated with hydrogen. We compare the acoustic properties of H2 (hydrogen), CO2 (carbon dioxide) and CH4 (methane) and those of rocks saturated with these gases and brine. The gas properties are obtained from the Peng-Robinson equation of state, and we consider the pressure-temperature conditions based on a linear basin modeling with a constant geothermal gradient. The bulk and shear moduli of the dry rock are obtained with the Krief model, while the Athy equation is used to calculate the porosity as a function of depth. Mesoscopic attenuation and velocity dispersion due to fluid effects is quantified using the Johnson model. The viscoelastic Cole-Cole model is used to describe the velocities and attenuation predicted by the Johnson model when synthetic seismograms with an equivalent viscoelastic rheology are to be calculated. In this case, the P-wave velocity as a function of gas saturation is obtained with the Gassmann equation and an effective fluid modulus based on the Brie equation.
Micro seepage of hydrocarbon gas and its significance for oil-gas exploration in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Kangshou Zhang , Guangjian Zhong
Published: February 2024

Submarine hydrocarbon gas seepage is a widespread natural phenomenon, resulting in hydrocarbon anomalies of shallow surface sediment. Seepage includes macro seepage and micro seepage, a large number of macro seepage studies have investigated in South China Sea, relatively little is known about micro seepage, and very few studies of micro seepage in oil-gas exploration have been carried out. Chaoshan Depression is a Mesozoic and Cenozoic superimposed depression in the northern South China Sea, it has good potential for oil-gas exploration, but oil and gas have not been discovered through drilling. Effective identification and prediction of favorable exploration areas and reservoirs are the key to successful exploration. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the abundance and structural anomalies of light and heavy hydrocarbons, and Kriging method is used to determine the areal distribution characteristics of light and heavy hydrocarbons and the carbon isotope values δ13C (‰) of methane. As a result, two comprehensive abnormal zones for oil-gas exploration were delineated in the northeast and southwest parts of the Chaoshan Depression, respectively. By analyzing the differentiation and fabric characteristics of hydrocarbon gases, as well as methane δ13C (‰), the underlying petroleum reservoirs are identified as gas reservoirs, and the seismic imaged DS-A structure is predicted to be a gas-rich structure. By correlating the seismic data and geochemical anomalies, it is clarified that micro-fractures are the main controlling factors for the occurrence of the seabed geochemical anomalies, and a composite formation mechanism of “lower generation, upper accumulation and micro fractures leaking” has been proposed.
Relationship between N100 amplitude and T1w/T2w-ratio in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Slapø Nora , Jørgensen Kjetil , Nerland Stener , Mørch-Johnsen Lynn Egeland , Pettersen Johanne , Roelfs Daniel , Parker Nadine , Valstad Mathias , Pentz Atle , Timpe Clara , Richard Geneviève , Beck Dani , Werner Maren , Lagerberg Trine , Melle Ingrid , Agartz Ingrid , Westlye Lars T. , Steen Nils Eiel , Norbom Linn , Andreassen Ole , Moberget Torgeir , Elvsashagen Torbjorn , Jönsson Erik
Published: February 2024

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZspect) are associated with altered function in the auditory cortex (AC), indicated by reduced N100 amplitude of the auditory evoked potential (AEP). While the neural substrate behind reduced N100 amplitude remains elusive, myelination in the AC may play a role. We compared N100 amplitude and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 weighted and T2 weighted ratio (T1w/T2w-ratio) as a proxy of myelination, in the primary AC (AC1) and secondary AC (AC2) between SCZspect (n = 33, 48% women) and healthy controls (HC, n = 144, 49% women). Further, we examined associations between N100 amplitude and T1w/T2w-ratios in SCZspect and HC. We finally explored N100 amplitude and T1w/T2w-ratios in the AC1/AC2 and association between N100 amplitude and T1w/T2w-ratios between male and female SCZspect and HC. N100 amplitude did not differ between SCZspect and HC or between female SCZspect and female HC, but was significantly reduced in male SCZspect compared to male HC (est = 4.3, se = 1.63, t = 2.63, p = 0.010). Further, T1w/T2w ratios in the AC1/AC2 did not differ between any groups. Finally, N100 amplitude was not associated with T1/T2-ratios in the AC1/AC2 in any groups. Reduced N100 amplitude in male SCZspect compared to male HC, suggest that sex-specific effects should be considered in research on SCZspect neurophysiology. Our findings did not support the hypothesis that reduced myelination in the AC1/AC2, as indexed by T1w/T2w-ratio, underlies N100 abnormalities in SCZspect. However, more precise estimates of intracortical myelin are needed to confirm this.
Reproduction-associated pathways in females of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the coexistence of asexual and sexual reproduction
Authors: Jacques Florian , Tichopád Tomáš , Demko Martin , Bystrý Vojtěch , Křížová Kristína Civáňová , Seifertová Mária , Voříšková Kristýna , Fuad Md Mehedi Hasan , Vetešník Lukáš , Šimková Andrea
Published: February 2024

Gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) is a cyprinid fish that originated in eastern Eurasia and is considered as invasive in European freshwater ecosystems. The populations of gibel carp in Europe are mostly composed of asexually reproducing triploid females (i.e., reproducing by gynogenesis) and sexually reproducing diploid females and males. Although some cases of coexisting sexual and asexual reproductive forms are known in vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms maintaining such coexistence are still in question. Both reproduction modes are supposed to exhibit evolutionary and ecological advantages and disadvantages. To better understand the coexistence of these two reproduction strategies, we performed transcriptome profile analysis of gonad tissues (ovaries) and studied the differentially expressed reproduction-associated genes in sexual and asexual females. We used high-throughput RNA sequencing to generate transcriptomic profiles of gonadal tissues of triploid asexual females and males, diploid sexual males and females of gibel carp, as well as diploid individuals from two closely-related species, C. auratus and Cyprinus carpio. Using SNP clustering, we showed the close similarity of C. gibelio and C. auratus with a basal position of C. carpio to both Carassius species. Using transcriptome profile analyses, we showed that many genes and pathways are involved in both gynogenetic and sexual reproduction in C. gibelio; however, we also found that 1500 genes, including 100 genes involved in cell cycle control, meiosis, oogenesis, embryogenesis, fertilization, steroid hormone signaling, and biosynthesis were differently expressed in the ovaries of asexual and sexual females. We suggest that the overall downregulation of reproduction-associated pathways in asexual females, and their maintenance in sexual ones, allow for their stable coexistence, integrating the evolutionary and ecological advantages and disadvantages of the two reproductive forms. However, we showed that many sexual-reproduction-related genes are maintained and expressed in asexual females, suggesting that gynogenetic gibel carp retains the genetic toolkits for meiosis and sexual reproduction. These findings shed new light on the evolution of this asexual and sexual complex.
Degradation Detection in Rice Products via Shape Variations in XCT Simulation-Empowered AI
Authors: Yosifov Miroslav , Lang Thomas , Florian Virginia , Gerth Stefan , De Beenhouwer Jan , Sijbers Jan , Kastner Johann , Heinzl Christoph
Published: February 2024

This research explores the process of generating artificial training data for the detection and classification of defective areas in X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans in the agricultural domain using AI techniques. It aims to determine the minimum detectability limit for such defects through analyses regarding the Probability of Detection based on analytic XCT simulations. For this purpose, the presented methodology introduces randomized shape variations in surface models used as descriptors for specimens in XCT simulations for generating virtual XCT data. Specifically, the agricultural sector is targeted in this work in terms of analyzing common degradation or defective areas in rice products. This is of special interest due to the huge biological genotypic and phenotypic variations occurring in nature. The proposed method is demonstrated on the application of analyzing rice grains for common defects (chalky and pore areas).
n − θ operators class on Hilbert spaces
Authors: Chabane Khaoula , Bekkar Lourabi Hariz , Mansour Abdelouahab
Published: February 2024

We know that researchers have already studied θ-operator. In this paper we will extend it to n-θ operator, and apply this type of operator to solve Sylvester equation using Fuglede-Putnam theorem.
Impact of various dietary fatty acids on amelioration of biomarkers linked to metabolic syndrome in both healthy and diabetic Wistar rats
Authors: Abudigin Weaam I. , Bajaber Adnan , Subash-Babu Pandurangan
Published: February 2024

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different dietary lipids (sheep’s grease, olive oil, coconut oil, and corn oil) on specific biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome in both healthy and diabetic rats. The study designed for 45 days, utilized a male diabetic wistar rat (body weight, 180-220 g) model induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bw). The rats were divided into two sections: five non-diabetic and five diabetic groups, each containing six rats. The first group in each section serving as the control, received a standard diet. Both non-diabetic or diabetic groups, were provided with a standard diet enriched with 15% sheep fat, 15% coconut oil, 15% olive oil, and 15% corn oil, respectively for a duration of 45 days. Post-supplementation, it was observed that control rats exhibited a higher food intake compared to rats supplemented with fatty diet. However, rats fed with coconut oil, olive oil and sheep fat showed weight gain at the end of the experiment, in both healthy and diabetic groups. Coconut oil supplementation significantly (p≤0.05) increased HDL-C and total cholesterol level in diabetic groups compared to healthy group, it was confirmed by an increased PPAR-α and ABCA-1 protein level. Olive oil significantly decreased triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in diabetic rats when compared to sheep fat or coconut oil. Corn oil significantly decreased fasting glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels compared to all other dietary fat supplementation. Corn and olive oil supplemented normal groups, found with significant increase in hepatic glucose-lipid oxidative metabolism associated protein, like FGF-21, MSH, ABCA-1, PPAR-γ and decreased lipogenesis proteins like, SREBP and PPAR-α levels. In contrast, sheep grease and coconut oil increased SREBP and PPAR-α expression in normal as well as diabetic groups. Most notably, sheep grease pretreated normal and diabetic groups resulted in increased inflammatory (MCP-1, IL-1β, TLR-4, TNF-α), and oxidative stress markers (LPO, GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT) associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, the combination of olive oil and corn oil with the daily diet may play a significant role in arresting proinflammatory agents and metabolic complications.
Putting measurement-based care into action: A mixed methods study of the benefits of integrating routine client feedback in coordinated specialty care programs for early psychosis
Authors: Meyer-Kalos Piper , Owens Grace , Fisher Melissa , Wininger Lionel , Williams-Wengerd Anne , Breen Kimberleigh , Abate Josephine , Currie Ariel , Olinger Nathan , Vinogradov Sophia
Published: February 2024

Background: Measurement-based care (MBC) is an effective tool in the delivery of evidence-based practices (EBPs). MBC utilizes feedback loops to share information and drive changes throughout a learning healthcare system. Few studies have demonstrated this practice in team-based care for people with early psychosis. This paper describes the development of a personalized feedback report derived from routine assessments that is shared with clients and clinicians as part of a MBC process.
Methods: We used a quasi pre-post comparison design with mixed methods to evaluate the implementation of a personalized feedback report at 5 early psychosis coordinated specialty care programs (CSC). We compared clients enrolled in CSC who did and did not receive a feedback report over the first 6 months of treatment. The sample included 204 clients: 146 who did not receive the feedback report and were enrolled over 2 years, and 58 who received the feedback report. A subset of 67 clients completed measures at both intake and 6-month follow-up, including 42 who received the report and 25 who did not. We compared the two groups with regard to self-reported symptoms, likelihood of completing treatment, and perception of shared decision making. . We conducted qualitative interviews with 5 clients and 5 clinicians to identify the benefits and challenges associated with the personalized feedback report.
Results: People who received a personalized feedback report reported significant improvements in shared decision-making and had greater improvements over time in their intent to attend future treatment sessions. They engaged in more sessions for Supported Employment and Education (SEE), case management, and peer support, and fewer medication visits over the first 6 months of treatment. Both groups showed significant improvement in symptoms and functioning. Results from the qualitative analysis indicated that the experience of receiving the reports was valuable and validating for both patients and clinicians.
Conclusions: A personalized feedback report was integrated into standard of care for early psychosis programs. This process may improve shared decision-making, strengthen the likelihood to stay in treatment, and increase engagement in psychosocial interventions. We posit that this process facilitates strengths-focused discussions, enhances intrinsic motivation, and strengthens the therapeutic alliance.
Mathematical Model of Non-Generated Straight Bevel Gears Based on a Four-Axis CNC Machine
Authors: shih yi-pei , Chen Guang-Yu
Published: February 2024

High-precision straight bevel gears (SBGs) are commonly manufactured using the generating method, which requires specialized equipment such as a dedicated or five-axis CNC machine for mass production. While the existing forming process can also be applied to produce SBGs, which offers a more cost-effective solution with a four-axis CNC machine, it results in inferior gear contact performance. This paper introduces a novel forming (non-generating) method. The goal is to enhance the gear contact performance. First, the tool profile of the pinion is computed based on the ring gear’s conjugate tooth surface. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis on the tooth surface, considering four-axis motion coefficients, facilitates the calculation of correction amounts for tooth cutting motion. This process determines the pinion’s tooth surface, optimizing the contact performance by ensuring it contacts the ring gears precisely at a point. Ease-off and tooth contact analyses are utilized to evaluate the contact performance of the designed gear pair. Furthermore, VERICUT software is employed for cutting simulation to validate the NC machining codes. After this, a cutting experiment is conducted to verify the correctness of our mathematical model.
NAC1 Promotes Stemness and Regulates Myeloid-derived Cell Status in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: NGULE CHRISPUS , Shi Ruyi , Ren Xingcong , Jia Hongyan , Oyelami Felix , Kim Jinhwan , Hemati Hami , Zhang Yi , Li Dong , Xiong Xiaofan , Park Younhee , Shinkle Andrew , Vanderford Nathan , Zhou Binhua , Wang Jianlong , Song Jianxun , Liu Xia , Yang Jin-Ming
Published: February 2024

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly lethal breast cancer (BC) subtype driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our study reveals that nucleus accumbens associated protein 1 (NAC1), a member of the BTB/POZ gene family, plays a crucial role in TNBC by maintaining tumor stemness and influencing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). High NAC1 expression correlates with worse TNBC prognosis. NAC1 knockdown reduced CSC markers and tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, NAC1 affects oncogenic pathways such as the CD44-JAK1-STAT3 axis and immunosuppressive signals (TGFβ, IL-6). Intriguingly, the impact of NAC1 on tumor growth varies with the host immune status, showing diminished tumorigenicity in natural killer (NK) cell-competent mice but increased tumorigenicity in NK cell-deficient ones. This highlights the important role of the host immune system in TNBC progression. In addition, high NAC1 level in MDSCs also supports TNBC stemness. Together, this study implies NAC1 as a promising therapeutic target able to simultaneously eradicate CSCs and mitigate immune evasion.
Military medical decision-making during training of a Swedish Navy Command and Control Team: a quantitative study of workload effects
Authors: Hindorf Marie , Bäckström Denise , Jonson Carl-Oscar , Jonsson Anders , Berggren Peter
Published: February 2024

Introduction
: This study compares two simulation environments for training of Swedish naval Command and Control (C2) teams by using indirect measures, including workload, combat readiness, and situation awareness (SA). Simulation-based training (SBT) provides a secure avenue to practise relevant scenarios. Fidelity, denoting the degree of realism in the simulation, and workload, characterized as the equilibrium between demands and assigned tasks, are crucial factors examined in this study of low- and high-fidelity naval simulations.
Materials and methods
An experimental design with repeated measures was used with three consecutive escalating parts. The subjective, multidimensional assessment tool, NASA-TLX, was used to rate perceived workload.
Results
One dependent measure yielded significant results; the main effects on combat readiness of the ship were significant. Variations were noted between the initial and subsequent parts of the scenario, as well as between the two simulation environments. No other significant differences were identified for any of the dependent measures. Part three of the scenario was omitted due to missing data. Notably, the simulated internal battle training for onboard C2 teams in a low-fidelity setting was found to induce a level of stress comparable with that experienced in a high-fidelity setting.
Conclusion
Low-fidelity SBT can be used for cost-effective training of Swedish naval C2 teams on board. The practical implications arising from this research indicate that the utilization of a low-fidelity simulation setting can effectively support the training of other teams, such as those in medical training.
Aroma metabolism differences in Shine Muscat Grapes under summer and winter growth in Guangxi, China
Authors: Nong Yongkang , Chen Yanbei , Bai Yang , He Jianjun , Jia Haifeng , Zhou Sihong , Cheng Guo , Cao Xiongjun , Han Jiayu , Huang Xiaoyun , Bai Xianjin , Wang Bo
Published: February 2024

Background: Aroma components play a crucial role in grape quality formation, and diverse cultivation environments significantly impact grape aroma metabolism. This study aims to explore the differences in aroma metabolism in Shine Muscat grapes under summer and winter growth conditions in Guangxi, utilizing HS-SPME-GC-MS for aroma component measurement at different developmental stages. Omics analysis is combined to elucidate the changes in aroma components.
Results: In both summer and winter, the predominant free aroma components of grape fruits were aldehydes, terpenes, and alcohols, while bound aroma components were mainly phenols, alcohols, and terpenes. Winter fruits exhibited significantly higher total free aroma content and monomeric compound content compared to summer. Specifically, the concentration of (E)-2-hexenal was higher in winter fruits, whereas (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol showed the opposite trend. Transcriptome and qPCR results indicated that changes in C6 compounds in Shine Muscat grapes were consistent with VvLOXA, VvHPL1, and VvADH1. The differential expression of VvLOXA or VvADH1 in winter fruit may explain the higher concentration of (E)-2-hexenal or lower content of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol in Shine Muscat grapes during winter.
Conclusions: This study reveals significant differences in the aroma metabolism of Shine Muscat grapes between summer and winter seasons, providing a foundation for regulating aroma accumulation through temperature and water control in production.
Study on the mechanism of excess void gas pressure in slopes under strong earthquake conditions
Authors: Wang Xiaoqun , Song Junlong , Xiao Lie , Huang Qiang , Wang Yupei , Feng Lin
Published: February 2024

Under strong earthquake conditions, excess void gas pressure is generated in slopes with cavities (without water), which accelerates tension cracking at the edges of the cavities and thus promotes slope failure. In this paper, a generalised model of a slope with cavities is proposed to explore the development of natural slope cavities, and large-scale physical shaking table tests and corresponding PFC numerical simulation tests are performed to study the formation mechanism of excess void gas pressure at depth. The following findings are obtained: (1) Sudden vibration loads of a certain intensity or sudden changes in the volume of the cavity can lead to the generation of excess void gas pressure in the cavity; (2) The deformation and damage of slopes with cavities under strong earthquake conditions can be divided into three stages: a. rupture of the top of the slope and the edges of the cavities; b. excess void gas pressure in the cavities, promoting crack propagation; and c. crack penetration, leading to overall damage of the slope; (3) Tension cracks caused by excess void gas pressure change the structure of the slope body, weaken the shear strength of the structural surfaces in the rock mass, and reduce the stability of the slope body. The above results are highly important for studying the initiation mechanism of seismically induced landslides on slopes.