bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta-analytic investigation of the impact of middle school STEM education: where are all the students of color?
Authors: Thomas Danielle R. , Larwin Karen H.
Published: June 2023

Background

Integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education initiatives are becoming an increasingly popular approach to narrow the opportunity gap among underrepresented minority (i.e., Black, Hispanic, and first-generation) students. However, there are limited studies on the impact of exposure to integrated STEM education on academic achievement and an even lesser amount on performance among underrepresented minority (URM) groups. Students exposed to STEM programming in middle school are more likely to pursue a STEM field in college or a STEM-related career. However, despite increases in middle school STEM programming initiatives, STEM college graduation rates have declined, particularly among URM populations. This meta-analysis aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM education in middle school, focusing on URM students.

Results

A total of 20 studies containing 45 independent samples met the study criteria. The studies included were published from January 1, 2011 to May 1, 2022, and identified from the following academic databases: ERIC, Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and SCOPUS. Integrated STEM programming was most impactful when: engineering was incorporated into science courses and at full STEM integration, occurring over one academic year (d = 0.89) and occurring in 8th grade (d = 1.55). Overall, the effect size estimate demonstrated heterogeneity, with a large positive significant effect across the studies (d = 0.558, 95% CI [0.514–0.603], p < 0.001), indicating a significant impact on student achievement. The most notable finding was the lack of empirical studies involving URM groups, with only one effect size estimate reported for Black students and other minority groups and 40 effect size estimates for non-minority groups revealing a non-significant difference in effect size estimates.

Conclusions

Students benefit from STEM program participation, with the average STEM student outperforming approximately 70% of their same-age, same-grade peers not participating in STEM programming. In particular, URM students benefit even more from quality integrated STEM education initiatives, given one caveat—students must be given the opportunity. We conclude that the issue is not that URM students are not academically benefiting from middle school integrated STEM education programs, based on the available research—they are merely not participating. We highlight the need and suggest interventions for providing collaborative and focused attention on the societal and cultural factors impacting URM student participation and retention in integrated STEM education programs.
Technological dividend sharing mechanism of internet platforms
Authors: Zhang Maoyuan , Huang Wei
Published: June 2023

Taking the sharing economy as an example, the article discusses the social basis for the development of the internet platform. It shows that the development of the sharing economy and internet platform not only benefits from its economic efficiency and social benefits but also relies on the sharing of technological dividends constructed by its technical characteristics and application, which have expanded the beneficiary groups and broadened the social basis of new technology.
Impact of supplementation with dihydroxylated vitamin D3 on performance parameters and gut health in weaned Iberian piglets under indoor/outdoor conditions
Authors: Álvarez-Delgado Carmen , Ruedas-Torres Inés , Sánchez-Carvajal José M. , Priego-Capote Feliciano , Castillo-Peinado Laura , Galán-Relaño Ángela , Moreno Pedro J. , Díaz-Bueno Esperanza , Lozano-Buenestado Benito , Rodríguez-Gómez Irene M. , Carrasco Librado , Pallarés Francisco J. , Gómez-Laguna Jaime
Published: June 2023

Background

Vitamin D may improve innate antimicrobial response and the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier representing an alternative to antibiotics for improving pig health. Therefore, benefits of dietary supplementation with a product based on vitamin D3 metabolite-rich plant extracts were assessed in 252 purebred Iberian piglets for a period of 60 days. The study group received 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) (100 ppm) in the conventional feed, which already included vitamin D (2000 IU in the starter and 1000 IU in the adaptation diets, respectively). Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and coefficient of variation of body weight (CV-BW) were assessed along the study. Blood samples, from 18 animals of the study group and 14 animals of the control group, were collected at selected time points to determine white blood cell count, concentration of vitamin D3 and its metabolites, and IgA and IgG in serum. Histopathology, morphometry, and immunohistochemistry (IgA and FoxP3) from small intestine samples were performed on days 30 and 60 of the study from 3 animals per group and time point.

Results

The ADG (493 vs 444 g/day) and FCR (2.3 vs 3.02) showed an improved performance in the supplemented animals. Moreover, the lower CV-BW indicated a greater homogeneity in the treated batches (13.17 vs 26.23%). Furthermore, a mild increase of IgA and in the number of regulatory T cells in the small intestine were observed in treated pigs.

Conclusions

These results highlight the benefits of this supplementation and encourage to develop further studies along other production stages.
The impact of thymectomy in subgroups of Myasthenia gravis patients: a single center longitudinal observation
Authors: Menghesha Hruy , Schroeter Michael , Nelke Christopher , Ruck Tobias , Schlachtenberger Georg , Welskop Clara , Camo Amina , Heldwein Matthias , Bennink Gerardus , Wahlers Thorsten , Bölükbas Servet , Doerr Fabian , Hekmat Khosro
Published: June 2023

Background

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare neuromuscular disorder. Symptoms can range from ptosis only to life threatening myasthenic crisis. Thymectomy is recommended for anti-acetylcholine receptor-antibody positive patients with early-onset MG. Here, we investigated prognostic factors shaping therapeutic outcomes of thymectomy to improve patient stratification.

Methods

We retrospectively collected single-center data from a specialized center for MG from all consecutive adult patients that underwent thymectomy from 01/2012 to 12/2020. We selected patients with thymoma-associated and non-thymomatous MG for further investigations. We analyzed the patient collective regarding perioperative parameters in relation to the surgical approach. Furthermore, we investigated the dynamics of the anti-acetylcholine receptor-antibody titers and concurrent immunosuppressive therapies, as well as the therapeutic outcomes in dependence of clinical classifications.

Results

Of 137 patients 94 were included for further analysis. We used a minimally invasive approach in 73 patients, whereas 21 patients underwent sternotomy. A total of 45 patients were classified as early-onset MG (EOMG), 28 as late-onset MG (LOMG) and 21 as thymoma-associated MG (TAMG). The groups differed in terms of age at diagnosis (EOMG: 31.1 ± 12.2 years; LOMG: 59.8 ± 13.7 years; TAMG: 58.6 ± 16.7 years; p < 0.001). Patients with EOMG and TAMG were more often female than patients in the LOMG group (EOMG: 75.6%; LOMG: 42.9%; TAMG: 61.9%; p = 0.018). There were no significant differences in outcome scores (quantitative MG; MG activities of daily living; MG Quality of Live) with a median follow-up of 46 months. However, Complete Stable Remission was achieved significantly more frequently in the EOMG group than in the other two groups (p = 0.031). At the same time, symptoms seem to improve similarly in all three groups (p = 0.25).

Conclusion

Our study confirms the benefit of thymectomy in the therapy of MG. Both, the concentration of acetylcholine receptor antibodies and the necessary dosage of cortisone therapy show a continuous regression after thymectomy in the overall cohort. Beyond EOMG, groups of LOMG and thymomatous MG responded to thymectomy as well, but therapy success was less pronounced and delayed compared to the EOMG subgroup. Thymectomy is a mainstay of MG therapy to be considered in all subgroups of MG patients investigated.
Spectrum-optimized direct image reconstruction of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Wen Gang , Li Simin , Liang Yong , Wang Linbo , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaohu , Jin Xin , Chen Chong , Tang Yuguo , Li Hui
Published: June 2023

Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) has become a widely used nanoscopy technique for rapid, long-term, and multi-color imaging of live cells. Precise but troublesome determination of the illumination pattern parameters is a prerequisite for Wiener-deconvolution-based SR-SIM image reconstruction. Here, we present a direct reconstruction SIM algorithm (direct-SIM) with an initial spatial-domain reconstruction followed by frequency-domain spectrum optimization. Without any prior knowledge of illumination patterns and bypassing the artifact-sensitive Wiener deconvolution procedures, resolution-doubled SR images could be reconstructed by direct-SIM free of common artifacts, even for the raw images with large pattern variance in the field of view (FOV). Direct-SIM can be applied to previously difficult scenarios such as very sparse samples, periodic samples, very small FOV imaging, and stitched large FOV imaging.
Realization of high aspect ratio metalenses by facile nanoimprint lithography using water-soluble stamps
Authors: Choi Hojung , Kim Joohoon , Kim Wonjoong , Seong Junhwa , Park Chanwoong , Choi Minseok , Kim Nakhyun , Ha Jisung , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Rho Junsuk , Lee Heon
Published: June 2023

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has attracted attention recently as a promising fabrication method for dielectric metalenses owing to its low cost and high throughput, however, high aspect ratio (HAR) nanostructures are required to manipulate the full 2π phase of light. Conventional NIL using a hard-polydimethylsiloxane (h-PDMS) mold inevitably incurs shear stress on the nanostructures which is inversely proportional to the surface area parallel to the direction of detachment. Therefore, HAR structures are subjected to larger shear stresses, causing structural failure. Herein, we propose a novel wet etching NIL method with no detachment process to fabricate flawless HAR metalenses. The water-soluble replica mold is fabricated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which is simpler than an h-PDMS mold, and the flexibility of the PVA mold is suitable for direct printing as its high tensile modulus allows high-resolution patterning of HAR metalenses. The diffraction-limited focusing of the printed metalenses demonstrates that it operates as an ideal lens in the visible regime. This method can potentially be used for manufacturing various nanophotonic devices that require HAR nanostructures at low cost and high throughput, facilitating commercialization.
A facile approach to fabrication and characterization of novel herbal microemulsion-based UV shielding cream
Authors: Bhalke R. D. , Kulkarni S. S. , Kendre P. N. , Pande V. V. , Giri M. A.
Published: June 2023

Background

Since many decades, phytoconstituents are well known for their potential therapeutic benefits but the development of herbal products has been limited due to difficulties like collection, isolation, stability and aqueous solubility of the phytoconstituents. The present study focuses on the development of microemulsion-based sunscreen cream formulation containing therapeutically active phytoconstituents like lycopene, β-carotene and curcumin which are reported for both antioxidant and ultraviolet radiation barrier properties. But the major hurdle in the development of the formulation is poor solubility and stability of these 3 components. Microemulsion preparation helps to enhance the solubility and stability of the final product. Screening of oils, surfactants and cosurfactants were done based on solubility studies followed by the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, sesame oil, span 80 to tween 80 (surfactant) and isopropyl alcohol (co-surfactant) which were selected to stable microemulsion.

Result

Based on a solubility study of components and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, surfactant to co-surfactant (Smix) with 2:1 ratio and oil to Smix with 2:8 ratio were selected for preparation of the final microemulsion. Results show an average globule size of 208 nm, conductance 0.935 moh/cm, pH 7.1, zeta potential − 17.5 mV, refractive index 1.002, polydispersibility index 0.342, percent transmittance 90.68% and viscosity 82.45 cps. In a drug content study, the presence of lycopene, β-carotene and curcumin was found to be 87.53, 85.08 and 90.65%, respectively. Finally, microemulsion-based sunscreen cream was prepared and evaluated for various parameters like pH, extrudability, spreadability and drug content study. The sun protection factor (SPF) of microemulsion and cream was found to be 36.32 and 37.65, respectively. The stability study data shows better stability of the final formulation.

Conclusion

Formulation of microemulsion-based sunscreen cream may be a better option in the design and development of herbal phytoconstituents.
Managing a Long and Winding Road: Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Gnant Michael , Turner Nicholas C. , Hernando Cristina
Published: June 2023

We review key topics in the management of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer. The single biggest challenge in management of this disease is late relapse, and we review new methods for identifying which patients are at risk of late relapse and potential therapeutic approaches in clinical trials. CDK4/6 inhibitors have become a standard treatment option for high-risk patients in both the adjuvant setting and the first-line metastatic setting, and we review data on optimal treatment after progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors. Targeting the estrogen receptor remains the single most effective way of targeting the cancer, and we review the developments in new oral selective ER degraders that are becoming a standard of care in cancers with ESR1 mutations and potential future directions.
Beneficial Effects of Setmelanotide in a 5-Year-Old Boy With POMC Deficiency and on His Caregivers
Authors: Dubern Beatrice , Lourdelle Alexandre , Clément Karine
Published: June 2023

The melanocortin-4 receptor agonist setmelanotide is now recommended for the treatment of genetic obesity due to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), or leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency in patients aged 6 years and older. Here, we describe the clinical benefit of setmelanotide administration in a 5-year-old child with severe hyperphagia and obesity due to POMC deficiency. Daily administration of 0.5 mg setmelanotide for 12 months resulted in significant weight loss of −30 kg from baseline (−36% of weight loss) and improvements in hyperphagia and metabolic status. No major side effects were observed, except for hyperpigmentation and transient spontaneous erections. Interestingly, the clinical improvement of the child was associated with a remarkable improvement in the quality of life of the parents, along with a decrease in their emotional scores. This observation supports the early use of setmelanotide in young children with melanocortin pathway variants, in order to limit the adverse consequences of early and extreme weight gain, and to improve the quality of life of patients and of their relatives.
A Rare Case of Precocious Puberty Secondary to an LH-secreting Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Uhing Anna , Ahmed Azam , Salamat Shahriar , Chen Melinda
Published: June 2023

An 8-year, 7-month-old male presented with puberty symptoms, including a 1.5-year history of facial hair with 9 months of phallic growth, body odor, and acne. Physical examination revealed phallic enlargement but only 4 mL testes bilaterally. Laboratory evaluation revealed markedly elevated LH and testosterone, but a prepubertal FSH level and minimally elevated adrenal androgens. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the head revealed an anterior pituitary adenoma, and after the patient failed to respond to leuprolide, he was initiated on spironolactone and anastrozole to minimize pubertal progression before transsphenoidal adenomectomy. Postoperatively, the patient had rapid reduction of LH and testosterone, with subsequent cessation of pubertal progression, confirming the diagnosis of an LH-secreting pituitary adenoma despite negative immunoreactivity for LH and FSH. Functioning gonadotroph adenomas are rare and have been documented only in small case series and case reports. When active, these most commonly secrete FSH or co-secrete FSH and LH, and only very rarely result in precocious puberty. Here, we describe a rare case of an isolated LH-secreting functioning gonadotroph adenoma resulting in precocious puberty. This case reinforces the need to critically analyze departures from the typical pubertal sequence and to expand one's differential to include etiologies that can cause unbalanced secretion of gonadotropins.
The Effect of Prophylactic Steroids on Shivering in Adults Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Misra Satyajeet , Singh Sweta , Sarkar Soumya , Behera Bikram Kishore , Jena Sritam Swarup
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Shivering is common following anesthesia and surgery. Corticosteroids (steroids) have been tried to reduce the risk of shivering, but the evidence in favor of their use is uncertain. The primary objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of steroids on the risk of perioperative (intra- and postoperative) shivering versus controls (placebo and active controls). Additional objectives were to assess the risk of severity of shivering, patient satisfaction with shivering prophylaxis, quality of recovery (QoR), and the risk of steroid-related adverse effects.

METHODS:

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials, Google Scholar, and preprint servers were searched from inception until November 30, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the English language were retrieved, provided they reported on shivering either as a primary or secondary outcome following steroid prophylaxis in adult patients undergoing surgery under spinal or general anesthesia.

RESULTS:

A total of 3148 patients from 25 RCTs were included in the final analysis. The steroids used in the studies were either dexamethasone or hydrocortisone. Dexamethasone was administered intravenously or intrathecally, while hydrocortisone was administered intravenously. Prophylactic administration of steroids reduced the risk of overall shivering (risk ratio [RR], 0.65 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.52–0.82]; P = .0002; I
2 = 77%) as well as the risk of moderate to severe shivering (RR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.34–0.71]; P = .0002; I
2 = 61%) in comparison to controls. Administration of intravenous dexamethasone (RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52–0.87]; P = .002; I
2 = 78%) and hydrocortisone (RR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.32–0.80]; P = .003; I
2 = 58%) were effective in shivering prophylaxis. For intrathecal dexamethasone (RR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.34–2.08]; P = .7; I
2 = 56%), the null hypothesis of no subgroup difference was not rejected (P = .47), preventing definitive conclusions about the efficacy of this route of administration. The prediction intervals for both overall shivering risk (0.24–1.70) and risk of severity of shivering (0.23–1.0) precluded generalization of results in future studies. Meta-regression analysis was used to further explore heterogeneity. Factors like the dose and timing of administration of steroids or the type of anesthesia were not found to be significant. Patient satisfaction and QoR were higher in the dexamethasone groups versus placebo. No increased risk of adverse events of steroids was noted versus placebo or controls.

CONCLUSIONS:

Prophylactic steroid administration may be beneficial in reducing the risk of perioperative shivering. However, the quality of evidence in favor of steroids is very low. Further well-designed studies are needed for establishing generalization.
The Use of a Fabricated Endotracheal Tube During an Acute Massive Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Schultz Todd A. , Lee Kathleen J. , Kohen Max , Demmy Todd , Ivanick Nathaniel
Published: June 2023

A massive pulmonary hemorrhage is an emergency that can lead to airway compromise and cardiovascular collapse. The goals of airway management are to isolate and protect the nonbleeding lung while providing a route for interventions to diagnose and control the bleeding site. We present a case of an adult male with a lung mass who underwent a bronchoscopy and cryobiopsy that was complicated by a massive pulmonary hemorrhage. We report the successful use of an elongated fabricated end-to-end endotracheal tube to manage his airway during this time-critical situation.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis–Related Fatigue with a Special Focus on Fatigability
Authors: ROYER NICOLAS , BROWNSTEIN CALLUM G. , KENNOUCHE DJAHID , ESPEIT LOIC , TESTON ANTHONY , BOUTET CLAIRE , FÉASSON LÉONARD , CAMDESSANCHÉ JEAN-PHILIPPE , MILLET GUILLAUME Y.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Fatigue is the most common and disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), being reported by 55% to 78% of patients with MS (PwMS). Etiology of MS-related fatigue remains poorly understood, but an increased neuromuscular fatigability (i.e., greater loss of torque during exercise) could contribute to this phenomenon. This study aimed to characterize the correlates of MS-related fatigue in PwMS using a comprehensive group of physiological and psychosocial measures, with a particular focus on fatigability.

Methods

Forty-two relapsing–remitting PwMS and 20 healthy subjects were recruited. PwMS were assigned in two groups (high (HF) and low (LF) fatigue) based on two fatigue questionnaires (Fatigue Severity Scale and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale). The main outcomes of this study are derived from incremental cycling completed to task failure (i.e., inability to pedal around 60 rpm). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), rating of perceived exertion, and central and peripheral parameters measured using transcranial magnetic and peripheral nerve stimulation were assessed in the knee extensor muscles before, during, and after the fatiguing task. Other potential correlates of fatigue were also tested.

Results

MVC torque decreased to a greater extent for the HF group than LF group after the third common stage of the incremental fatiguing exercise (−15.7% ± 6.6% vs −5.9% ± 13.0%, P < 0.05), and this occurred concurrently with a higher rating of perceived exertion for HF (11.8 ± 2.5 vs 9.3 ± 2.6, P < 0.05). Subjective parameters (depression, quality of life) were worse for HF compared with LF and healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Moreover, MVC torque loss at the final common stage and maximal heart rate explained 29% of the variance of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.

Conclusions

These results provide novel insight into the relationship between MS-related fatigue and fatigability among PwMS. The HF group exhibited greater performance fatigability, likely contributing to a higher perceived exertion than the LF group when measured during a dynamic task.
Prediction of Hematoma Expansion in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage by a Radiomics Nomogram
Authors: Dai Jialing , Liu Dan , Li Xia , Liu Yuyao , Wang Fang , Yang Quan
Published: June 2023

Objective: To develop and validate a radiomics-based nomogram model which aimed to predict hematoma expansion (HE) in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).

Methods: Patients with HICH (n=187) were included from October 2017 to March 2022 in the Yongchuan Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=130) and a validation set (n=57) in a ratio of 7:3. The radiomic features were extracted from the regions of interest (including main hematoma, the surrounding small hematoma(s) and perihematomal edema) in the first CT scan images. The variance threshold, SelectKBest and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), features were selected and the radiomics signature was built. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish a nomogram based on clinical risk factors and the Rad-score. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the generalization of the models’ performance.The calibration curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to assess the calibration of the predictive nomogram. And decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the prediction model.

Results: Thirteen radiomics features were selected to construct the radiomics signature, which has a robust association with HE. The radiomics model found that blend sign was a predictive factor of HE. The radiomics model ROC in the training set was 0.89 (95%CI 0.82-0.96) and was 0.82 (95%CI 0.60-0.93) in the validation set. The nomogram model was built using the combined prediction model based on radiomics and blend sign, and worked well in both the training set (ROC: 0.90[95%CI 0.83-0.96]) and the validation set (ROC: 0.88[95%CI 0.71-0.93]).

Conclusion: The radiomic signature based on CT of HICH has high accuracy for predicting HE. The combined prediction model of radiomics and blend sign improves the prediction performance.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7724

How to cite this: Dai J, Liu D, Li X, Liu Y, Wang F, Yang Q. Prediction of Hematoma Expansion in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage by a Radiomics Nomogram. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):1149-1155. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7724

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of elevated temperature on SARS-CoV-2 viability
Authors: Harapan Harapan , Johar Edison , Maroef Chairin Nisa , Sriyani Ida Yus , Iqhrammullah Muhammad , Kusuma Hendrix Indra , Syukri Maimun , Razali Razali , Hamdani Hamdani , Kurniawan Rudi , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Sofyan Sarwo Edhy , Myint Khin Saw , Mahlia T.M. Indra , Rizal Samsul
Published: June 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide disruption of global health putting healthcare workers at high risk. To reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, in particular during treating the patients, our team aims to develop an optimized isolation chamber. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of temperature elevation against SARS-CoV-2 viability, where the information would be used to build the isolation chamber. 0.6 mL of the Indonesian isolate of SARS-CoV-2 strain 20201012747 (approximately 1013 PFU/mL) was incubated for one hour with a variation of temperatures: 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65°C in digital block heater as well as at room temperature (21-23°C) before used to infect Vero E6 cells. The viability was determined using a plaque assay. Our data found a significant reduction of the viral viability from 1013 PFU/mL to 109 PFU/mL after the room temperature was increase to 40°C. Further elevation revealed that 55°C and above resulted in the total elimination of the viral viability. Increasing the temperature 40°C to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 survival could create mild hyperthermia conditions in a patient which could act as a thermotherapy. In addition, according to our findings, thermal sterilization of the vacant isolation chamber could be conducted by increasing the temperature to 55°C. In conclusion, elevating the temperature of the isolation chamber could be one of the main variables for developing an optimized isolation chamber for COVID-19 patients.
The role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in determining survival rates of lung cancer patients in the population of North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Soeroso Noni Novisari , Ananda Fannie Rizki , Sitanggang Johan Samuel , Vinolina Noverita Sprinse
Published: June 2023

Background: Gaining a better understanding of molecular alterations in the pathogenesis of lung cancer reveals a significant change in approach to the management and prognosis of lung cancer. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified and have different roles related to survival rates in lung cancer patients. This study aims to determine the role of KRAS, EGFR, and TP53 mutations in the survival rate of lung cancer patients in the population of North Sumatra.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study involving 108 subjects diagnosed with lung cancer from histopathology specimens. DNA extractions were performed using FFPE followed by PCR examinations for assessing the expressions of EGFR, RAS, and TP53 protein. Sequencing analysis was carried out to determine the mutations of EGFR exon 19 and 21, RAS protein exon 2, and TP53 exon 5-6 and 8-9. Data input and analysis were conducted using statistical analysis software for Windows. The survival rate analysis was presented with Kaplan Meier.

Results:

52 subjects completed all procedures in this study. Most of the subjects are male (75%), above 60 years old (53.8%), heavy smokers (75%), and suffer from adenocarcinoma type of lung cancer (69.2%). No subjects showed KRAS exon 2 mutations. Overall survival rates increased in patients with EGFR mutations (15 months compared to 8 months; p=0.001) and decreased in patients with TP53 mutations (7 months compared to 9 months; p=0.148). Also, there was increasing Progression-Free Survival in patients with EGFR mutations (6 months compared to 3 months) (p=0.19) and decreasing PFS in patients with TP53 mutations (3 months compared to 6 months) (p=0.07).

Conclusions: There were no KRAS mutations in this study. EGFR mutations showed a higher survival rate, while TP53 mutations showed a lower survival rate in overall survival and progression-free survival.
Anti-inflammatory effects of oral cannabidiol in rat models
Authors: Bunman Sitthiphon , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Piyayotai Dilok , Charlermroj Ratthaphol , Kanjana Korawit , Kaew-amdee Sudtida , Makornwattana Manlika , Kim Sanghyun
Published: June 2023

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound in cannabis, has various pharmacological advantages associated with clinical use, especially for reducing inflammatory arthritis and paw edema in animal models. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of various oral CBD doses (5-40 mg/kg) in rats after injecting 0.1 mL of carrageenan.

Methods:  Rats were orally administered various CBD doses an hour before the carrageenan-induced inflammation to observe the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD. Paw edema was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h after carrageenan induction. Following a six-hour induction of carrageenan, histological analysis employing hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to investigate inflammatory cell infiltration at paw edema. In addition, blood samples were taken and used for cytokine detection using ELISA and bead-base assays.

Results: We found that the efficacy of all oral CBD doses decreased paw edema and was comparable to or had greater efficacy than an anti-inflammatory agent (Diclofenac 10 mg/kg), especially at 2, 3, 4, and 5 h after induced paw edema. Moreover, a high dose (40 mg/kg) of CBD suppressed chemokine productions, including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and MCP-3, compared to diclofenac and placebo. In addition, serotonin levels, a pro-inflammatory-like neurotransmitter, were drastically decreased in rats treated with either CBD or diclofenac.

Conclusions: Oral CBD is an interesting anti-inflammatory agent for use in the clinical setting. However, more information regarding drug safety and efficacy in a large population of human studies is needed.
Unraveling the timeline of gene expression: A pseudotemporal trajectory analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Cheng Jinming , Smyth Gordon K. , Chen Yunshun
Published: June 2023

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have rapidly developed in recent years. The droplet-based single cell platforms enable the profiling of gene expression in tens of thousands of cells per sample. The goal of a typical scRNA-seq analysis is to identify different cell subpopulations and their respective marker genes. Additionally, trajectory analysis can be used to infer the developmental or differentiation trajectories of cells. Methods: This article demonstrates a comprehensive workflow for performing trajectory inference and time course analysis on a multi-sample single-cell RNA-seq experiment of the mouse mammary gland. The workflow uses open-source R software packages and covers all steps of the analysis pipeline, including quality control, doublet prediction, normalization, integration, dimension reduction, cell clustering, trajectory inference, and pseudo-bulk time course analysis. Sample integration and cell clustering follows the Seurat pipeline while the trajectory inference is conducted using the monocle3 package. The pseudo-bulk time course analysis uses the quasi-likelihood framework of edgeR. Results: Cells are ordered and positioned along a pseudotime trajectory that represented a biological process of cell differentiation and development. The study successfully identified genes that were significantly associated with pseudotime in the mouse mammary gland. Conclusions: The demonstrated workflow provides a valuable resource for researchers conducting scRNA-seq analysis using open-source software packages. The study successfully demonstrated the usefulness of trajectory analysis for understanding the developmental or differentiation trajectories of cells. This analysis can be applied to various biological processes such as cell development or disease progression, and can help identify potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Psychometric properties of portable devices used in kinematic gait assessment after stroke: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Silva Raiff , Silva Stephano , Santos Vitor , Fernandes Jefferson , Oliveira Raul , Ribeiro Karyna , Fernandes Aline , Ribeiro Tatiana
Published: June 2023

Background: Kinematic gait assessment is essential to the gait rehabilitation program after stroke. Portable devices composed of inertial sensors are an alternative for this evaluation. However, knowledge regarding the psychometric properties of these devices is needed to understand their accuracy, especially in evaluation of individuals with movement disorders (e.g., people post stroke). This systematic review aims to analyze the psychometric properties of portable devices that use inertial sensors to assess kinematic gait parameters in people post stroke. We will also investigate which portable device assesses alterations in lower limb angular movements during gait.

Methods: We will search for studies in English without publication date restriction, that evaluated psychometric properties of portable devices that use inertial sensors to assess kinematic gait parameters in people after stroke. Searches will be performed in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline/PubMed, EMBASE Ovid, CINAHL EBSCO, PsycINFO Ovid, IEEE Xplore Digital Library (IEEE), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Gray literature will also be searched, including published and unpublished studies (dissertations and theses). The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) risk of bias tool will be used to assess the quality of studies that analyzed reliability and measurement error of devices.

Expected results: This will be the first review assessing the risk of bias in studies that analyzed psychometric properties of portable devices that use inertial sensors to assess kinematic gait parameters in people post stroke. Then, we hope to elucidate this topic and help the decision-making of clinicians regarding the feasibility of these devices. Finally, we also hope to provide an overview of the characteristics of portable devices that assessed changes in angular lower limb movements during gait in this population.

Registration: The protocol was registered in Open Science Framework on May 11th 2023 (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7M6DA).
The logo is right: Parmenides-Hegel-Dostoevsky
Authors: Zaharcev Sergey , Sal'nikov Viktor , Maslennikov Dmitriy
Published: June 2023

The monograph is devoted to the study of the correlation of the "first philosophy" as the doctrine of the universal unity of thinking and being with the philosophy of law as a philosophical and specialized science. It explores the methodological and general theoretical foundations of the interpretation of classical philosophy of law, the problems of monism and dualism in the substantiation of legal theory, the relationship of law and morality, law and religion, the Absolute in law.
The concept of absolute freedom is considered as a paradigm of German classical philosophical and legal thought. It is shown that on this basis, in the classical philosophy of law of Kant, Fichte, and Hegel, both the paradigm of substantial natural law and the dominant paradigm of the social contract are overcome.
The monograph is addressed to researchers in the field of the history of philosophy and theory of law, lawyers, teachers, graduate students, students, as well as anyone interested in the philosophy of law
Usage and Impact of Teachers Self-Assessment Practices on Teaching of Upper Basic Social Studies in Kwara State
Authors: Nasiru Olokooba Isaa , Uyanne Elizabeth Obiageli
Published: June 2023

Background: Self-assessment is a mechanism that enables teachers to reflect how their own work meets the goals. It is set for teaching concepts and enhancing effective teaching and learning. The objectives of this study are to investigate prevalent patterns of self-assessment practices, extent of using as well as the impacts of self-assessment practices on teaching Social Studies.
Contribution: This study investigates impact of teachers’ self-assessment practices on teaching of upper basic Social Studies.
Method:  Through simple random sampling technique, 600 upper basic Social Studies teachers were selected. A questionnaire is used for data collection. Percentage and mean ranking were used to analyze the collected data.
Results:  The findings of the study show that peer observation, testing the flexibility of teaching style and activity reports are prevalent patterns of self-assessment practices and frequently used. The practices have impacts on teaching of upper basic Social Studies in schools.
Conclusion:  it is recommended that teachers should constantly self-assess their teaching processes to recognize and improve on the progress teaching in the classrooms.
Supporting Food Security Indicator by Village Production Results Data Management for Rajaiyang Village Apparatus with Inventory Application Training
Authors: Widi Pradnyana I Wayan , Cholil Widya , Jayanta Jayanta , Astriratma Ria , Isnainiyah Ika Nurlaili , Fosu Agyei
Published: June 2023

Background: Rajaiyang Village is one of the villages in Indramayu Regency which has agricultural commodities in the form of rice production. In the current condition, even though it has a fertile area, welfare data of the community is not good enough from the management of these commodity products. The village government strategy requires support of information technology and knowledge development due to support regional food security and village sustainable development goals indicators.
Contribution: Increased understanding and ability to manage the availability of commodity results using information technology to support food security strategies.
Method: Inducting inventory training with an internet-based inventory application system for farmer groups and village apparatus.
Results: The ability of residents and village apparatus to become better, more prepared with the system and product inventory management process, together with BUMDes support as a village owned enterprise.
Conclusion: Implementation strategies and supporting facilities for village food security can be improved by using updated technology, as well as collaboration between village agencies for integrated decisions
Implementation of Online Marketing Strategies in Apen Grocery Shops as A Solution to Facing Competition and The Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Himawati Ditiya , Nurcahyo Bagus , Saputri Ika Puji , Revena Ravena
Published: June 2023

Background:  Marketplace make it very easy for customers to meet their needs besides that, it is also a means for SMEs to be able to survive facing competition and the Covid 19 pandemic crisis, so this is one of the challenges for sellers who sell offline. An example of offline sales is traditional market traders. This community service (public servant) was carried out at one of the basic food shops located in traditional markets, namely Apen Groceries. Apen Groceries Storeis a shop that provides staple goods located in Pasar Kebayoran Lama, South Jakarta. Apen Groceries Storeis a shop that is in a traditional market, so Apen Groceries Storehas challenges that must be faced, including competitors in modern markets (supermarkets) and online sales, as well as the Covid 19 pandemic situation which is still ongoing today where these conditions are very limiting space for the conventional Apen Shop business. 
Contribution: This public servant activity contributes to small and medium businesses, in this case the Apen Grocery Store.
Method: Implementing online marketing strategies using social media applications and e-marketplaces (such as whatsapp, Instagram and the Shopee application). 
Results: The results obtained include sales forecasting, namely being able to estimate whether the number of customers will be sufficient with the existing stock or even less, so that they can monitor the product. 
Conclusion: Grocery stores can already sell their products with offline and online access, namely with the help of social media and e-marketplaces
Flexible Data Refreshing Architecture for Health Information System Integration
Authors: Kermanshahani Shokooh , Hamidi Hamid Reza
Published: June 2023

Background: Having a consistent and unified view of heterogeneous distributed medical information sources is an inevitable need of health informatics. Integrating medical information of patients or about a disease, a treatment or side effects of a drug, etc, is very useful to help medical education, to achieve medical research goals and to provide the computer- based decision support systems.
Contribution: This article proposes a flexible incremental update method for the materialized part of the integration system. It permits us to manage the integration system according to the characteristics of the data sources which can change.
Method: This paper presents a hybrid data integration approach in which the materialized part of the system in mediator is the object indexation structure based on an instance classification of the sources objects which correspond to the global schema. The object identifier of each object in the indexation structure is materialized together with the attributes which are needed for the incremental updating of this indexation (classifying attributes).
Results: The main idea of this paper is to develop a hybrid data integration framework, which represents a new aspect of a hybrid method focusing on flexible data refreshing.

Conclusion: This hybrid approach implements a vertical hybrid approach. It means that at the mediator level, some data of each object are materialized and others are virtual.
Empowerment of Robusta Coffee Farmers to Develop Entrepreneurs in Aceh Barat Based on Technology Application
Authors: Aulia Muhammad Reza , Darmansyah Dedy , Nugroho Yoga , Safrika Safrika , Nasution Anisah , Tanjung Yulia Windi
Published: June 2023

Background: The problems of robusta coffee farmer in Aceh Barat Regency are lack of insight into the downstream potential of robusta coffee,  lack of business development ideas and farmer do not understand making financial reports, legality and business organizational systems. For this reason, assistance are needed to coffee farmers so that they develop their business and increase their income.
Contribution: Increasing insight into potential utilization and marketing, entrepreneurial development ideas, business finance.
Method: Community service was held on 11-13 November 2022 at Teuku Umar University. The approach taken is in the form of a process of education, training and mentoring focuses on three stages: (1) Education of potential beneficiaries and development of the Robusta coffee business (2) Assistance in preparing financial reports, business organization systems and technology adoption and (3) Socialization of efficient coffee marketing channels.
Results: The process that goes through each stage is the purchase of red cherries for robusta coffee. There are 3 sub-districts that currently can become suppliers of robusta coffee in Aceh Barat Regency, namely Woyla Induk District, Samatiga District and Meureubo District. The three districts have taken samples and carried out the drying process to become green beans. After purchasing the fruit, the next stage is the process of drying, roasting, grinding and packaging.
Conclusion: The participants who were accompanied were able to apply coffee powder packaging technology at IBT, understand the legality of the robusta coffee business, understand the marketing of the robusta coffee business
A study on the adoption intention of cold chain prepared Dishes based on consumer orientation mentality
Authors: Luo Feng , Shang Wei , Gan Junwei
Published: June 2023

Background:  Cold chain prepared dishes, as a new type of food with low temperature and dual attributes, have attracted more and more attention from consumers. From the perspective of consumers' brand positioning mentality, this study integrated the brand, quality and other attributes of cold chain prepared vegetables, and studied the positioning mentality and adoption behavior of Chinese consumers   In this study, three cold-chain prefabricated dishes, "pickled cabbage fish", "tomato Braised beef brisket" and "Huangpi fishball", were selected as investigation objects.
Contribution:  The contribution of this study is that different food value attributes explain the law of consumers' willingness to adopt cold chain prepared dishes through brand positioning mentality, and find out how different degrees of vulnerability and quality warranty
Method:  Based on ZMET survey method, product effect data were used to analyze and verify structural equation model.
Results:  Different value evaluation directly affects consumers' brand positioning mentality, brand positioning mind as an intermediate variable has a significant correlation with adoption intention. The degree of vulnerability moderates the relationship between value evaluation and brand positioning mentality, and the degree of warranty period regulates the relationship between quality value, brand positioning mentality and adoption intention respectively.

Conclusion:  It also provides new marketing tools and theories for entrepreneurs and marketers in the cold chain food industry, which contributes to the promotion and diffusion of cold chain prepared food for consumers