bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the intersectoral material flow of plastic containers and packaging in Japan
Authors: Nakatani Jun , Maruyama Tamon , Moriguchi Yuichi
Published: August 2020

Significance

Plastic containers and packaging are typical single-use plastics. It is essential to quantitatively identify who uses plastic containers and packaging to supply products, and who purchases these products and discards their containers and packaging. We develop a model for material flow analysis using input–output tables (IO-MFA) that specifies the intersectoral flow of plastics as containers and packaging. We apply the model to the nationwide material flow of plastics in Japan and discuss which types of plastics should be collected from what sources to achieve the recycling target set by the government. This IO-MFA model could be applied to other countries that publish input–output tables and contribute a basis for strategies to solve the problems associated with single-use plastics.
Alternative splicing of DSP1 enhances snRNA accumulation by promoting transcription termination and recycle of the processing complex
Authors: Wang Weili , Pu Xuepiao , Yang Siyu , Feng Yujie , Lin Chan , Li Mu , Li Xi , Li Huali , Meng Chunmei , Xie Qingjun , Yu Bin , Liu Yunfeng
Published: August 2020

Significance

snRNAs are conserved noncoding RNAs in eukaryotes. Their biogenesis is spatiotemporally regulated in various biological processes. However, related mechanisms regulating snRNA accumulation are less known. DSP1 is an essential component of the DSP1 complex that catalyzes snRNA maturation. Here, we show that
DSP1
is subjected to alternative splicing in the pollens, resulting in two splicing variants,
DSP1
α and
DSP1
β. DSP1β does not participate in the 3′ maturation of snRNAs but interacts with CPSF73-I and promotes efficient release of CPSF73-I and Poll II from the 3′ end of the snRNA loci and thereby facilitates snRNA transcription termination, resulting in increased snRNA levels in pollens. Our results uncover a mechanism spatiotemporally regulating snRNA biogenesis in plants.
Multidimensional study of the heterogeneity of leukemia cells in t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia identifies the subtype with poor outcome
Authors: Jiang Lu , Li Xue-Ping , Dai Yu-Ting , Chen Bing , Weng Xiang-Qin , Xiong Shu-Min , Zhang Min , Huang Jin-Yan , Chen Zhu , Chen Sai-Juan
Published: August 2020

Significance

t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) often presents different degrees of aberrant myeloid differentiation. Although most patients respond to current chemotherapy regimens, a sizeable number of patients are prone to relapse. Thus, the cellular heterogeneity and disease outcome may need exploration. Here, by integrating high-throughput DNA/RNA sequencing with phenotypic analysis, heterogeneous leukemic cell populations were identified. CD34
+
CD117
dim
myeloblasts had the characteristics of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and might be responsible for drug-resistance. CD34
+
CD117
bri
and AM cells were blocked later than CD34
+
CD117
dim
cells, and AM cells were sensitive to chemotherapy. t(8;21) AML patients with a high proportion of CD34
+
CD117
dim
cells had inferior outcomes. The identification of the CD34
+
CD117
dim
proportion as a potential prognostic factor may lead to new tools for future tailored therapeutic strategies.
RCP8.5 tracks cumulative CO
2
emissions
Authors: Schwalm Christopher R. , Glendon Spencer , Duffy Philip B.
Published: August 2020

Climate simulation-based scenarios are routinely used to characterize a range of plausible climate futures. Despite some recent progress on bending the emissions curve, RCP8.5, the most aggressive scenario in assumed fossil fuel use for global climate models, will continue to serve as a useful tool for quantifying physical climate risk, especially over near- to midterm policy-relevant time horizons. Not only are the emissions consistent with RCP8.5 in close agreement with historical total cumulative CO
2
emissions (within 1%), but RCP8.5 is also the best match out to midcentury under current and stated policies with still highly plausible levels of CO
2
emissions in 2100.
Synthetic nanobodies as angiotensin receptor blockers
Authors: McMahon Conor , Staus Dean P. , Wingler Laura M. , Wang Jialu , Skiba Meredith A. , Elgeti Matthias , Hubbell Wayne L. , Rockman Howard A. , Kruse Andrew C. , Lefkowitz Robert J.
Published: August 2020

Significance

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family is responsible for regulating much of human physiology, and GPCRs have become the most successful target class for drug development. Although many biologics have gained clinical approval, GPCR-targeted drugs remain almost exclusively small molecules, and developing GPCR-targeted antibodies remains challenging and often unsuccessful. We describe a methodology to isolate antibody fragment antagonists of a peptide-binding GPCR, and we show that one of these antibody fragments can be used to modulate blood pressure in vivo in mice. Antibody-based approaches may be useful in treating conditions where small-molecule drugs cannot be developed or where the unique pharmacological properties of antibodies are desirable.
Acetylated histone H4 tail enhances histone H3 tail acetylation by altering their mutual dynamics in the nucleosome
Authors: Furukawa Ayako , Wakamori Masatoshi , Arimura Yasuhiro , Ohtomo Hideaki , Tsunaka Yasuo , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Umehara Takashi , Nishimura Yoshifumi
Published: August 2020

The structural unit of eukaryotic chromatin is a nucleosome, comprising two histone H2A-H2B heterodimers and one histone (H3-H4)
2
tetramer, wrapped around by ∼146 bp of DNA. The N-terminal flexible histone tails stick out from the histone core and have extensive posttranslational modifications, causing epigenetic changes of chromatin. Although crystal and cryogenic electron microscopy structures of nucleosomes are available, the flexible tail structures remain elusive. Using NMR, we have examined the dynamics of histone H3 tails in nucleosomes containing unmodified and tetra-acetylated H4 tails. In unmodified nucleosome, the H3 tail adopts a dynamic equilibrium structure between DNA-contact and reduced-contact states. In acetylated H4 nucleosome, however, the H3 tail equilibrium shifts to a mainly DNA-contact state with a minor reduced-contact state. The acetylated H4 tail is dynamically released from its own DNA-contact state to a reduced-contact state, while the H3 tail DNA-contact state becomes major. Notably, H3 K14 in the acetylated H4 nucleosome is much more accessible to acetyltransferase Gcn5 relative to unmodified nucleosome, possibly due to the formation of a favorable H3 tail conformation for Gcn5. In summary, each histone tail adopts a characteristic dynamic state but regulates one other, probably creating a histone tail network even on a nucleosome.
High-temperature mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloys manufactured by additive manufacturing
Authors: GaoLe Zhao , Yun Jiang , XiaoAn Hu , Jia Huang , JinWu Wu , Yun Wang
Published: August 2020

Mechanical behaviour of Haynes 230 and Inconel 625 manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) has been experimentally investigated in 870oC. Significant embrittlement of SLM Inconel 625 was found, accompanied by hardening behaviour during the test. Moreover, due to inhomogeneous grain deformation, the hardness dispersion of the two SLM alloys increased significantly. Employing a systematic research with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer, intergranular cracking of two SLM alloys can be observed from the surface cracks and fracture appearances, respectively. In addition, carbides along grain boundaries of the two nickel-based superalloys were found and affected the strength of the grain boundary at 870oC. Therefore, it resulted in different fracture mechanisms.
Efficiency nonminimally supported design for two parameters weighted exponential model
Authors: Widiharih T , Mukid M A , Mustafid  , Prahutama A
Published: August 2020

Minimally supported design is a design with the number of supported design equal to the number of parameters in the model. Locally D-optimal design for weighted exponential model is minimally supported design with uniform weight. The standardized variance of D-optimal design is less than or equal the number of parameters, and maximized the standardized variance at the supported designs. We construct an alternative design by adding one supported design. Nonminimally supported design is obtain from supported design of D-optimal design plus one supported design in three ways, by adding one of them, by adding the average of them or by adding one supported design around them. We compare nonminimally supported designs in terms efficiency, standardized variance, and propose design that are efficient and practically convenient for practitioners.
Development Of Blcs Learning Devices Based On Traditional Or Computer Explorative Media To Improve Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Ina Sukma Dewi Ni Wayan , Made Ardana I , Suweken Gede
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to develop a valid, practical and effective BLCS learning devices to improve problem solving skills. The BLCS (Bruner’s theory, Local Culture, and Scaffolding) learning devices were computer or traditional explorative media supported by lesson plans, worksheets and formative tests. This development research was based on Plomp’s procedure and used research instruments in the form of observation sheets, questionnaires, interview guidelines, and description tests. In the preliminary research stage, several learning problems were found, mainly learning did not lead the students to find mathematical concepts and the exercises given were not mathematical problems. Furthermore, the prototyping phase carried out several stages such as (1) the development of initial learning devices as a solution to the problem, (2) conducting validation tests by three validators, (3) the trial limited to 12 students to obtain practicality data, and (4) the field trial I on 40 students to get practicality and effectiveness data. In the final stage, was carried out a semi-summative assessment called field trials II on 40 students and provided results in the form of a final BLCS learning devices that was valid, practical and effective. The discovery of mathematical concepts was facilitated by computer or traditional explorative media which contain real problems based on local culture and was supported by lesson plans, worksheets, and formative tests with each of their characteristics so that problem solving abilities could also be well honed.
The Influence of Knisley Mathematical Learning Model with Geogebra Towards Mathematical Connection and Mathematical Disposition
Authors: Jatiariska I G A , Sariyasa  , Astawa I W P
Published: August 2020

This research was aimed at comparing mathematical connection and mathematical disposition of student who were taught using Knisley Mathematical learning model with Geogebra and those who learned using conventional learning. This research used quasi experiment method with post-test only control group design. The research population consisted of 213 grade tenth science student at SMA Negeri 6 Denpasar. In addition, cluster random sampling was used to get 2 groups sample. The experimental group was learned using Knisley Mathematical learning model with Geogebra and the control group was treated with conventional learning. The data was collected using test and non-test technique and analysed using Manova. The result showed that mathematical connection and mathematical disposition of students who were taught using Knisley Mathematical learning model with Geogebra were better than students who were taught using conventional learning (F = 4,410; p = 0,016). Knisley Mathematical learning model with Geogebra give students more chance to explore their mind and idea in solving problem, so that can improve their mathematical connection and mathematical disposition.
Developing Realistics Mathematics Education (Rme) Based Mathematics Teaching Video To Advance Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots) In Cognitive Level Of Vocational School Students
Authors: Wayan Sumandya I , Gusti Agung Handayani I , Wayan Eka Mahendra I
Published: August 2020

The research method for this study is design method with developing approach. This developing research aims at obtaining the learning video of Mathematics that oriented on RME with valid quality, pragmatics and effective to increase the skill of higher level thinking of Vocational School students. It consists of three stages, i.e. Preliminary research, prototyping and assesment. This is applied in all vocational schools in Badung regency. The result of this research is learning video of valid equation linear, practice and effectives and video which able to advance the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in cognitive level of Vocational School students.
Validity of Introduction to Basic Mathematics Teaching Materials Based on Conceptual Understanding Procedures Models and Character Education
Authors: Juniantari M , Mahayukti G A , Gita I N , Suryawan I P P
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid introduction to basic mathematics teaching materials based on conceptual understanding procedures models and character education. It aims to improve the student’s understanding of concepts. Plomp’s development procedure was applied to conduct the study which consists of five stages, namely: (1) preliminary investigation, (2) design, (3) realization/construction, (4) test, evaluation, and revision, and (5) implementation. In the first year, this study has reached the stage of testing, evaluation, and revision to determine the validity of teaching materials. The validity of the content can be viewed on the suitability of teaching materials developed by the theory of the development and characteristics of the learning model. The validity of the construct can be viewed on the appropriateness of each component of teaching materials with the characteristics of the learning model obtained from the expert. The construct validity of teaching materials is very valid. Advice from validator used as a reference for the revision of teaching materials. The next step is doing limited implementation to see the practicality and effectiveness of teaching materials.
Depletion of dark matter within globular clusters
Authors: Ardi E , Baumgardt H
Published: August 2020

Gravitationally bound group of stars which are identified as globular clusters are known to have a small amount of dark matter. Assuming that globular clusters are formed within dark matter halos, they must have lost significant amount of dark matter. Observations of globular clusters reported flattening velocity dispersion on the outskirt clusters. This could be a sign of existence of dark matter. Theoretically, dynamical processes such as dynamical friction and mass segregation and tidal stripping could be responsible for the depletion of dark matter from the cluster center. Numerical simulations are conducted to follow the evolution of the models of globular clusters composed out of stars and dark matter particles. The results show that the dark matter is depleted from the center of globular clusters due to dynamical friction and mass segregation of stars. An external tidal field from a Milky Way like galaxy effects to deplete the dark matter in the outer part of the clusters. However, within the Hubble time, about 80 % of dark matter’s initial values still remain in the outer part of clusters. This might explain the existence of significant amount of dark matter in the outer part of observed clusters.
Development of Physics Learning Device Based Science Technology Society (STS) Learning Model to Improve Scientific Attitude and Students’ Understanding Concept of X Grade High School
Authors: K Dewi I G A C , Sadia I W , Sudria I B N
Published: August 2020

This research is the development of physics learning device based on the learning model of Science Technology Society (STS) which is synthesized with a scientific approach. This research aimed to produce learning device in the form of lesson plans, student book, student worksheets, and teacher handbook on momentum and impulse material that fulfilled of valid, practical, and effective criteria. The development of this learning device used 4-D model consisting of four main stages, as follows: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The device development was only carried out until the develop stage. The results data included the result of requirement analysis, product planning, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the device. The research results were obtained (1) the learning device developed presenting issues related to momentum and impulse material, (2) the validity of the student book is evaluated with very valid category and the validity of teacher handbook is evaluated with valid category. (3) the result of practicality was measured from the implementation of learning device, teachers’ response, and students’ response with very practical category, (4) developed device effectively improve scientific attitude and students’ understanding concept.
Alkaline activation of marble-like carbon structure and it’s application for inflammatory adsorption
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Mangesti Gumilar Ivara , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: August 2020

For the first time, carbon microspheres successfully synthesized by using block copolymer F127 combined with gelatin, sucrose, and H2SO4 as soft template, source carbon, catalyst, respectively. The following step of synthesis are hydrothermal treatment, evaporation, carbonization and pyrolysis treatment under nitrogen flow. Microspheres carbon results have activated by a 10% KOH solution at room temperature for 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively then characterized by SEM and FTIR. The Activated microspheres carbon have used for ibuprofen adsorption. The characterization results showed that carbon microspheres carbon as marbles-like morphology with a diameter of 1-10 μm completed by C-OH, CO2, C≡N, -CNN, C=O, COO-, C=C,CK functional groups as the most. So this study shows that increasing activation time of the microsphere carbon have enhanced the equilibrium time and which is reach equilibrium at range 15-25 min and adsorption capacity range at 55.1-59.9 mg g−1. So carbon microspheres in general conclusion could be potentially as Drug Delivery material.
Learning Media Based on Three Level Representation and Inquiry for Electrolysis Cell Materials
Authors: Farida Ida , Mayangsari Dian , Irwansyah F S
Published: August 2020

Research has been conducted aimed at designing three-level representation-based learning media in electrolytic cell material. The research product in the form of a model kit equipped with inquiry-based worksheets was developed through the stages of design based research. The model kits and worksheets produced have the characteristics: integrating macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels of representation, developing the ability of chemical representation and scientific performance. The submicroscopic and symbolic representations are explored using particle models made of magnetism to simulate the transfer of ions and electrons during an electrolysis reaction. Validation and testing of products and inquiry-based worksheets show the product is valid and feasible to use.
Profile of Students’ Science Process Skills in Acid Base Titration Practicum at Class XI MIPA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja Bali
Authors: Adiningsih M D , Karyasa I W , Muderawan I W
Published: August 2020

The research was aimed to describe the profile of students’ science process skills and the factors that influence science process skills of class XI MIPA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja in the implementation of acid base titration practicum. This research conducted by using a phenomenological qualitative approach. The methods that used to collect data were observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive techniques. The result that obtained is profile of students’ science process skills at class XI MIPA 3 SMA N 1 Singaraja which is limited to mastery of science process skills. Science process skills that have been mastered by students consist of 7 aspects of skills, namely skill to measure the volume of the solution with volumetric pipette and burette included in the good category with the number of students 100%; the skill to use universal indicator, communication skills, and applying concepts included in the excellent category with the number of students 100%; observing skill, titration skill, and interpreting skill included in the excellent category with the number of students 60%; and predicting skill included in the excellent category with the number of students 80%. Skill that is less mastered by students was concluding skills based on the results that 60% students included in the poor category. Science process skills that are not trained for students consist of 4 skills, namely the skills of formulating hypotheses, controlling variables, designing investigations, and classifying. The factors that influence students’ science process skills in the implementation of acid base titration practicum are classified into four factors, namely tools, materials, humans, and methods/technical.
The effect of feed supplement on growth, survival rate and immunity response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Haryanti  , Permana I G N , Fahrudin  , Budi Moria Sari , Muzaki Ahmad , Sugama K.
Published: August 2020

An efforts to improve growth, survival and immunity response are still main issues in shrimp farming. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplements on the growth, survival and immunity response in order to increase phenotypic performance of Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiments were done by supplemented feed using i.e.,(A) Synthetic nucleotides (0.03 % of feed), (B) whole cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (100 mL/kg feed) and (C) Control (without feed supplement) and fed to the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The supplements were mixed in feed formulated and coated with chitosan, while the control without feed supplement. The shrimp larvae were reared in 5 m3 tanks with two replications The result showed that survival rate of shrimp that reared with supplemented synthetic nucleotide was 69,29% and with whole cell was 75,45% and control was 67,61%. Total haemocyte of shrimp before challenge test ranged from 287.2 to 465.7 x 104 cells/mL , but after challenge test with WSSV, have shown different number of cell densities where in the treatments of synthetic nucleotide was 303.63 x104cell/mL, whereas in whole cell and control were 265 x 104 cell / mL and 254,25 x 104 cell / mL respectively. Immunity response of L. vannamei shrimp expressed from ProPO was significantly different between supplemented feed compared to control after challenged with WSSV, TSV and IMNV.
Integrative Health Thematic Strategy Increases Learning Outcomes And Students ‘Clean And Healthy Living Behaviors
Authors: Ketut Sudiana I , Adiputra N , Budi Adnyana Putu
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to improve student learning outcomes, clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS). This goal achieved through an integrative health thematic strategy (STIK). This study was a quasi-experiment with randomized pretest-posttest control group design. It conducted in 2016/2017 academic year in Buleleng sub-district. It used two sample classes who took by multistage random sampling technique. One class as a Control Group was taught with Conventional Strategy (SK) using the 2013 Curriculum Integrated Thematic Book, and one class as a Treatment Group was taught with STIK using an integrative health thematic textbook (BATIK). Data were analyzed using MANOVA at a significance level of 5%. Based on the results of the data analysis it is evident that STIK improves the learning outcomes of thematic knowledge 16.6 percent, PHBS knowledge 71.7 percent, PHBS attitudes 70.5 percent, and practice PHBS 10.8 percent. The conclusion of this study is the integration of health education into the themes of learning to improve student learning outcomes and PHBS. The implication of the results of this study is that STIK can be recommended as an alternative learning strategy that has the advantage of improving learning outcomes and providing health education to students.
Randomness in appendage coordination facilitates strenuous ground self-righting
Authors: Xuan Qihan , Li Chen
Published: August 2020

Randomness is common in biological and artificial systems, resulting either from stochasticity of the environment or noise in organisms or devices themselves. In locomotor control, randomness is typically considered a nuisance. For example, during dynamic walking, randomness in stochastic terrain leads to metastable dynamics, which must be mitigated to stabilize the system around limit cycles. Here, we studied whether randomness in motion is beneficial for strenuous locomotor tasks. Our study used robotic simulation modeling of strenuous, leg-assisted, winged ground self-righting observed in cockroaches, in which unusually large randomness in wing and leg motions is present. We developed a simplified simulation robot capable of generating similar self-righting behavior and varied the randomness level in wing–leg coordination. During each wing opening attempt, the more randomness added to the time delay between wing opening and leg swinging, the more likely it was for the naive robot (which did not know what coordination is best) to self-right within a finite time. Wing–leg coordination, measured by the phase between wing and leg oscillations, had a crucial impact on self-righting outcome. Without randomness, periodic wing and leg oscillations often limited the system to visit a few bad phases, leading to failure to escape from the metastable state. With randomness, the system explored phases thoroughly and had a better chance of encountering good phases to self-right. Our study complements previous work by demonstrating that randomness helps destabilize locomotor systems from being trapped in undesired metastable states, a situation common in strenuous locomotion.
Driverless simulation of path tracking based on PID control
Authors: Wang Zhaojian , Wang Mengen , Zhang Yaoming , Guan Tian , Song Xiaoli , Liu Jiawei , Zhen Yajing , Zhang Dongsheng
Published: August 2020

In order to realize the path tracking of autonomous vehicles, this paper first simplifies the complex structure of the vehicle into a two-degree-of-freedom kinematic and dynamic vehicle model. based on PID control, the vehicle path tracking controller is designed to calculate the lateral deviation between the expected path and the actual path, and outputs the front wheel rotation angle through the controller, so that the autonomous vehicle can travel well according to the expected path. The control system model is built in the MATLAB/Simulink, and the vehicle path tracking control system is simulated and verified jointly with the CarSim software platform. Simulation results show that the designed control strategy can ensure the path tracking performance of intelligent vehicles at different speeds, and has good tracking accuracy, real-time performance and vehicle driving stability.
Enhancement of power generation of thermoelectric generator using phase change material
Authors: Mao Jianhui , Liu Anbang , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Yihuai , Xie Huaqing , Wu Zihua
Published: August 2020

This paper demonstrates a thermoelectric generator (TEG) that embeds phase change material (PCM) for waste heat energy harvesting. In this TEG module, a volume of molten carbonate salt is encapsulated in a cuboid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) body. In order to study the effect of embedded PCM on the TEG performance, we compared the performance of TEGs with and without PCM. The results show that a higher output voltage and a longer energy harvesting time can be reached in TEG with PCM in compared with the corresponding values in the TEG without PCM once the heat source stops supplying heat. Especially, the relative increase of the total electricity by adopting the PCM is as large as 25%. Our work proposes an effective and feasible way to enhance the performance of the TEG system by application of the PCM.
Active control simulation based on an active vibration isolator
Authors: Wang Yunfeng , Du Yikang , Zhanxin
Published: August 2020

We studied an active vibration isolator’s performance for vibration suppression in this article. A modified FxLMS control method is presented by replacing the weights update law of FxLMS with NR-LMS algorithm and its reference signals is got from the sensors’ output. Control simulation is performed by employing the models identified and the modified FxLMS method, the results indicate that the modified FxLMS method can suppress the vibration effectively and the control performance can be improved by minimizing the divergence between the secondary plant model and the practical second plant.
Fluid dynamic simulation of single cell sorting by fiber laser in microfluidics
Authors: Zhong Xiaoxiang , Mao Weixing , Zhang Huali
Published: August 2020

Optofluidic devices have immense potential for single cell manipulation, including trapping, sorting, counting and stretching. Commercially available devices remain costly and technical. Embedded optical fibers within the microfluidic device simplify the construction and supply stable, sensitive, high throughput scattering measurements for particles and cells. We present numerical simulations on flow field in micro channels embedded with an optical fiber, which are able to provide optical sorting and controlled movement of single particles. We simulate the displacement and deflection of micro particles by single laser with different optical forces. We believe that this simulation method can be used to emulate the process of optical trapping and sorting for cells at constriction channels of different cross-sectional areas.
Applicability analysis of STM and SMCFT of RC beams with shear span-depth ratios ≤ 3.0
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Yang Xu , Liang Guanxi , Li Weiwen , Zheng Jing , Guo Sen
Published: August 2020

The shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is significantly affected by the shear span-depth ratio (av/d). The strut-and-tie model (STM) and simplified modified compression field theory (simplified MCFT) that are utilized in current design codes have both proven to be effective in the shear capacity analysis and the design of RC beams. In order to compare the validity and applicability of the two approaches within the range of av/d ≤ 3.0, 160 RC beams with transverse reinforcements were collected and their shear capacities were evaluated using the two models respectively. The results demonstrated that the ratio of av/d = 1.8 was be the critical point that separated the ranges in which each approach was better able to predict the shear capacity. More specifically, it could be concluded that using the STM approach in the range av/d ≤ 1.8 and the simplified MCFT approach in the range 1.8 < av/d ≤ 3.0 respectively would result in more rational and accurate shear strength predictions.
Clearance optimization of radial bearings for multi-bearing shafting system
Authors: Liu Yue , Mao Ming , Tian Zhen , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2020

There will be a huge difference of fatigue life among the bearings mounted on the shaft for multi-bearing shafting system without designing operating clearance. A unique method for multi-shafting system is presented to optimize operating clearance through selecting proper internal clearance class and designing tolerance of fitting shaft on the basis of thermal conditions and system deflection. An example illustrates that the minimum value of fatigue life calculated by ISO/TR 16281 among radial bearings for multi-bearing shafting system has improved 4.2 times greater than original design through the method mentioned in this paper. It is proved that this method has great advantages on accuracy and convergence, significantly improving the minimum fatigue life among bearings of multi-bearing shafting system.
Research and application of efficient milling process for surface casing
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Jianning , Ma Changqing , Li Zhansheng , Han Mingzhe , Li Man , Yuan Jingqiang , Liu Yunti
Published: August 2020

In order to solve the problems in the surface casing removal, the casing milling process is proposed to be used. Through the size and material selection of casing milling pipe, mechanical analysis of connection thread and the innovative design of casing milling shoes, a series of casing milling tools and the efficient casing milling process are formed. The field application results show that the milling process can smoothly mill to the predetermined position. After the milling process, the surface casings can be successfully removed by cutting and fishing. The efficient milling process studied in this paper can make the removal of the surface casing with low cast and high efficiency. Both social and economic benefits are remarkable and it has a broad application prospect.
Research on compressor blades fatigue life test under thermal-vibration combined load
Authors: Yao Zemin , Huang Shouqing , Huang Xiaokai , Wu Ruliang , Liu Shouwen
Published: August 2020

Contrapose the fatigue life of compressor blades under thermal-vibration combined load, this article is described to carry out the fatigue life test of blades under the thermal-vibration load, the test device is designed in this article, the test conditions are determined, and the test results are analysed to obtain the conclusion that resonant frequency decreases gradually as fatigue life time goes on, and the extent of blades damage could be quantitatively described by calculating the drift distance of resonant frequency. It can also provide data support for life prediction.
Research on windage yaw characteristics of high-voltage insulators in complex wind field
Authors: Li Jun , Mao Dong , Zhu Quan , Gao Qiang
Published: August 2020

In this paper, in order to fully consider the influence of complex wind field on the windage yaw angle of insulator string, the WRF-Fluent multi-scale calculation model is developed to simulate a windage yaw accident caused by a typhoon transit process in the Ouhai Distrct of Zhejiang, China, the dynamic response of the faulty insulator string in the wind field is analysed through two-way fluid-structure interaction calculation, and the windage yaw condition of the insulator is obtained by transient dynamics simulation. The theoretical windage yaw angle under complex wind field is also calculated according to the design standard. This paper shows that the complex wind field has an nonnegligible influence on windage yaw angle of insulator string, so it is necessary to fully consider the influence of complex wind field on high-voltage insulators in future design standard.
Research on analysis method of dynamic friction torque of high speed precision miniature bearings
Authors: Zheng Zhiqiang , Li Songsheng , Liu Yangyang , He Guoqing , Yang Huanzhao , Yang Tongxu
Published: August 2020

High-speed precision miniature bearings are used in the gyro spindle of precision inertial navigators in the aerospace industry. The dynamic friction torque of the bearings is difficult to be accurately analyzed and calculated using existing methods because it is small and has many influencing factors.The special testing machine for dynamic friction torque testing of high-speed miniature bearings is be used to test the dynamic friction torque of specific high-speed precision miniature bearings under various operating conditions. It is related to the speed, axial preload, and radial external load. The test data of bearing dynamic friction torque was obtained. On this basis, the least squares method of regression analysis theory is used to fit polynomial fitting of the dynamic friction torque of the tested bearing and the corresponding working condition parameters, and the regression equation for analyzing the dynamic friction torque of the tested bearing is obtained. The test results show that under different test conditions, the measured values of the bearing’s dynamic friction torque are in good agreement with the calculated values using the regression equation. The obtained regression equation can be used to analyze the dynamic friction torque characteristics of the same bearing under other operating conditions. A reliable and effective method was proposed for quickly and easily obtaining accurate high-speed precision miniature bearing dynamic friction torque.
Experiments on the flow characteristics of hydraulic orifices under high or low temperature conditions
Authors: Wang Wenlin , Zhou Zirong , Kong Xin , Wu Yongming
Published: August 2020

A new test rig with a compact experimental module has been developed in this study to support experiments on fluid mechanics of hydraulic orifices under high or low temperature conditions, by using the test rig, experiments on flow characteristics of a sharp-edged orifice and a thick-wall orifice were conducted in a temperature range of -10°C∼+80°C. Experimental results show that in a wide temperature range, the Flow-Pressure characteristics of the sharp-edged orifice are not sensitive to temperature changes, but that of the thick-wall orifice will vary obviously at different temperatures; In the temperature range up to 20°C, the Discharge coefficients and Damping forces of both of the two orifices remain at constants, however, when the fluid temperature is below 20°C, Discharge coefficients of the two orifice will drop linearly, damping forces of the two orifice will increase, but discharge coefficient and damping force of the thick-wall orifice will respectively drop and increase more sharply than that of the sharp-edged orifice, so this indicates that at low temperature conditions the fluid resistance and energy loss when it passes through a thick-wall orifice are larger than that when it passes through a sharp-edged orifice.
Polyvinyl alcohol templated synthese of hierarchical SAPO-11
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Yang Hongxia , Li Zhihui , Zhang Longli , Lin Xufeng , Fu Hui , Liu Zhen , Wang Chuangye
Published: August 2020

This work reports that the polyvinyl alcohol successfully templates the intracrystal mesoporous structure of hierarchical SAPO-11 molecular sieves. The structures of prepared hierarchical SAPO-11 materials and a conventional SAPO-11 simultaneously synthesized are characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The characterizations demonstrate that this synthesized hierarchical SAPO-11 possesses a mesopore structure with a much regular pore size distribution. Importantly, these mesopores are intracrystal but not intercrystal. The bifuntional isomerization catalyst with this hierarchical SAPO-11 as support shows a high selectivity in hydroisomerization reaction of hexane, evidencing that the catalytic selectivity is improved by introduction of mesopore structure into the SAPO-11 crystal. The templating mechanism of polyvinyl alcohol in formation of mesopores is well discussed at the ending. This work provides a potential template to prepare hierarchical catalyst materials.
Electrical characteristics analysis of a 314 mm2 double-sided spiral SDD for x-ray pulsar navigation
Authors: Zhang Xinwang , Li Zheng , Liu Manwen , Mu Hengheng
Published: August 2020

Pulsar navigation, to meet the physical needs of detecting pulsed x-ray contour, requires a large-area and high-energy resolution silicon drift detector (SDD). Until recently when we designed and fabricated a 314 mm2 double-sided spiral SDD, SDDs developed worldwide have been relatively small in size with a typical diameter less than 10 mm. The details of the design of our 314 mm2 double-sided spiral SDD had been reported in the literature (Li (2013) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 730 73–78). Present work involves the analysis of electrical characteristics simulations of a 314 mm2 double-sided spiral SDD. It is essential to study the carriers drift behavior of a 314 mm2 double-sided spiral SDD for the structural design optimization of the detector. Therefore, this paper analyzes the relevant electrical characteristics that can characterize the carriers drift behavior. Firstly, this paper illustrates the electric potential, electric field, and electron concentration of the detector. Then, it also provides an analysis of the transient current by simulated the single event transient (SET) effect. The SILVACO TCAD simulator was used to simulate these electrical characteristics. Based on TCAD simulation, the best drift electric field and optimal electron drift channel in a 314 mm2 double-sided spiral SDD are demonstrated. Moreover, the transient current and charge collection mechanism of the detector is also analyzed. Finally, we also tested the leakage current and capacitance of the detector at room temperature.
Artificial Intelligence Improves the Accuracy in Histologic Classification of Breast Lesions
Authors: Polónia António , Campelos Sofia , Ribeiro Ana , Aymore Ierece , Pinto Daniel , Biskup-Fruzynska Magdalena , Veiga Ricardo Santana , Canas-Marques Rita , Aresta Guilherme , Araújo Teresa , Campilho Aurélio , Kwok Scotty , Aguiar Paulo , Eloy Catarina
Published: August 2020

Objectives

This study evaluated the usefulness of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms as tools in improving the accuracy of histologic classification of breast tissue.

Methods

Overall, 100 microscopic photographs (test A) and 152 regions of interest in whole-slide images (test B) of breast tissue were classified into 4 classes: normal, benign, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and invasive carcinoma. The accuracy of 4 pathologists and 3 pathology residents were evaluated without and with the assistance of algorithms.

Results

In test A, algorithm A had accuracy of 0.87, with the lowest accuracy in the benign class (0.72). The observers had average accuracy of 0.80, and most clinically relevant discordances occurred in distinguishing benign from CIS (7.1% of classifications). With the assistance of algorithm A, the observers significantly increased their average accuracy to 0.88. In test B, algorithm B had accuracy of 0.49, with the lowest accuracy in the CIS class (0.06). The observers had average accuracy of 0.86, and most clinically relevant discordances occurred in distinguishing benign from CIS (6.3% of classifications). With the assistance of algorithm B, the observers maintained their average accuracy.

Conclusions

AI tools can increase the classification accuracy of pathologists in the setting of breast lesions.
Out-of-Pocket Payment for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Among Commercially Insured in the United States
Authors: Desai Raj , Dietrich Eric A , Park Haesuk , Smith Steven M
Published: August 2020

Background

Clinical guidelines increasingly recommended ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for hypertension diagnosis and management. Yet, ABPM is used infrequently in the United States, possibly because of low insurance coverage and high patient costs. We sought to analyze out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) for ABPM among privately insured patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis using IBM® MarketScan® commercial claims of beneficiaries aged ≥18 years receiving ABPM from January 2012 to December 2018. The date of first ABPM claim (Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes 93784, 93786, 93788, or 93790) was considered the index date. Patients with 12 months of continuous enrollment preindex and 30-day postindex were included. Per beneficiary OPP was calculated by aggregating all ABPM-related OPPs within the 30-day postindex window (ABPM episode).

Results

Of 22,317 beneficiaries receiving ABPM, 62% had $0 OPP and 38% had OPP >$0. Among the latter, median OPP per beneficiary for an ABPM episode was $23 (interquartile range [IQR], $14, $32), driven primarily by full ABPM claims (median, $22; IQR, $14, $24). Among individual components, scan analysis and report claims (median, $25; IQR, $13, $49) had the greatest OPP. The median OPP per ABPM episode did not change substantively from 2012 through 2018.

Conclusions

Among commercially insured in the United States, nearly 4-in-10 have an OPP for ABPM. Though most OPPs are relatively modest, some patients incur substantial OPP. Our findings highlight the need for policymakers to ensure adequate ABPM coverage in the commercial insurance marketplace.
Occupational Heat Stress and Practical Cooling Solutions for Healthcare and Industry Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Foster Josh , Hodder Simon G , Goodwin James , Havenith George
Published: August 2020

Treatment and management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), requires increased adoption of personal protective equipment (PPE) to be worn by workers in healthcare and industry. In warm occupational settings, the added burden of PPE threatens worker health and productivity, a major lesson learned during the West-African Ebola outbreak which ultimately constrained disease control. In this paper, we comment on the link between COVID-19 PPE and occupational heat strain, cooling solutions available to mitigate occupational heat stress, and practical considerations surrounding their effectiveness and feasibility. While the choice of cooling solution depends on the context of the work and what is practical, mitigating occupational heat stress benefits workers in the healthcare and industrial sectors during the COVID-19 disease outbreak.
Functional–morphological analyses of the delicate snap-traps of the aquatic carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) with 2D and 3D imaging techniques
Authors: Westermeier Anna S , Hiss Natalie , Speck Thomas , Poppinga Simon
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims

The endangered aquatic carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) catches prey with 3–5-mm-long underwater snap-traps. Trapping lasts 10–20 ms, which is 10-fold faster than in its famous sister, the terrestrial Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). After successful capture, the trap narrows further and forms a ‘stomach’ for the digestion of prey, the so-called ‘sickle-shaped cavity’. To date, knowledge is very scarce regarding the deformation process during narrowing and consequent functional morphology of the trap.

Methods

We performed comparative analyses of virtual 3D histology using computed tomography (CT) and conventional 2D histology. For 3D histology we established a contrasting agent-based preparation protocol tailored for delicate underwater plant tissues.

Key Results

Our analyses reveal new structural insights into the adaptive architecture of the complex A. vesiculosa snap-trap. In particular, we discuss in detail the arrangement of sensitive trigger hairs inside the trap and present actual 3D representations of traps with prey. In addition, we provide trap volume calculations at different narrowing stages. Furthermore, the motile zone close to the trap midrib, which is thought to promote not only the fast trap closure by hydraulics but also the subsequent trap narrowing and trap reopening, is described and discussed for the first time in its entirety.

Conclusions

Our research contributes to the understanding of a complex, fast and reversible underwater plant movement and supplements preparation protocols for CT analyses of other non-lignified and sensitive plant structures.