bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring boundary conditions of the single-code/default strategy in pigeons
Authors: Pinto Carlos , Queiroz João
Published: April 2024

To investigate the extent of adoption of more efficient coding strategies, pigeons learned, in three experiments, a symbolic matching-to-sample task that featured an asymmetric sample-comparison mapping. In all experiments, one comparison was correct following one of the samples (one-to-one mapping), and another comparison was correct following the remaining samples (many-to-one mapping). The experiments differed in sample number; Experiment 1 featured three samples, Experiment 2 five samples, and Experiment 3 seven samples. Our goal was to assess the adoption of a single-code/default coding strategy, which establishes two response rules: one rule specific to the sample mapped one-to-one (the single code), and another rule to be applied following any other sample (the default rule). Alternatively, the animals could establish more response rules, one per sample. Thus, the single-code/default strategy allows learning a task via a reduced number of response rules, and the more samples are mapped many-to-one, the greater the savings it allows. As such, the three experiments should progressively be more amenable to the adoption of this strategy. Overall, the adoption of a single-code/default strategy was not widespread. When taken together with previous results, the present study suggests that the amount of training may affect the coding strategy pigeons adopt. Additionally, our results underscore that individual differences are a fundamental aspect to consider when studying learning flexibility.
Puesta al Día en el Cancer de Piel: Artículo De Revisión
Authors: Medina Ramírez Inti Nicolle , Florez Sejin Sergio Elías , Márquez Maurcia Daniela , Vergara Gutiérrez Michelle Susana , Villada Ruiz Daniela , López Girón Melissa Andrea , Pérez Ganem María Alejandra , Carvajales Lozano Gabriela
Published: April 2024

La piel es el órgano más grande de todo el cuerpo, está constituido por 3 grandes capas que de más externo a más interno se denomina epidermis, dermis e hipodermis. Existen muchas lesiones que pueden comprometer la piel, sin embargo, el cáncer de piel es uno de los tumores con mayor incidencia en el ser humano y su aparición se basa en los cambios del  ADN causados ​​por la radiación solar  que sólo progresa a cáncer de piel si son consecutivos y repetidos. Datos epidemiológicos arrojan que de cada millón de personas diagnosticadas,, por lo menos 65 mil mueren, cifras que encienden las alarmas a nivel mundial. Adicionalmente, existen dos tipos de cáncer de piel: el no melanoma, que se compone por el carcinoma basocelular y el espinocelular, y el melanoma, siendo el carcinoma basocelular el más frecuente de todos. El diagnóstico se realiza por histopatología y el tratamiento va a depender del tipo de cáncer, sin embargo, casi siempre requiere resección quirúrgica. por su alta tasa de mortalidad, por ello, es importante tener en cuenta los factores de riesgo y reconocimientos de características particulares de las lesiones que permitan llegar a un diagnóstico temprano y oportuno. El objetivo del presente artículo es conocer todo lo referente al cáncer de piel y las nuevas conductas adoptadas hoy en día en cuanto a manejo y tratamiento para mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población.
Enfermedades Dermatológicas En Desnutridos: ¿Que Hay De Nuevo?
Authors: Villada Ruiz Daniela , Córdoba Fuentes María Margarita , Taboada Ramírez Cindy Vanessa , Hernández Pérez Ayleen del Rosario , Quessep Mendoza William Alejandro , Pérez Gánem María Alejandra , López Girón Melissa Andrea , Salcedo Naizir María Carolina , Forero Agudelo Nohora Johana
Published: April 2024

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) la desnutrición se reconoce como uno de los principales mecanismos de transmisión intergeneracional de  desigualdad y pobreza. Está patología suele afectar principalmente a los niños menores de 5 años. Fenotípicamente se pueden distinguir 3 formas de presentación denominadas , kwashiorkor, marasmo y el fenotipo mixto, cada una de las cuales cuenta con lesiones o afecciones cutáneas asociadas en las que resaltan la descamación, eritema, piel flácida en algunos casos o brillante en otros, prurito, edema , dermatitis, mayor probabilidad de infección por ciertos microorganismos como cándida, escabiosis, sarna , queratosis pilaris , petequias, ampollas y demás lesiones elementales secundarias al déficit de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales.Viendo todo el panorama actual, se ha considerado importante investigar los posibles avances en cuanto a las enfermedades cutáneas que puedan presentar esta población vulnerable, por tal razón,  el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica para reconocer lo último en enfermedades dermatológicas en los paciente desnutridos.
Potential applications of nanomedicine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Xu Qi , Liu Jiawei , Liua Haiyan
Published: April 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and leads to severe disability and even death in patients, causing a heavy social burden worldwide. Among the therapeutics for PD, pharmacotherapy is usually the first-line therapy and is typically the basic treatment for other therapeutics, such as surgery, exercise therapy and psychological intervention. Unfortunately, the existing PD therapeutic agents fail to cure the disease due to their low efficacy, cytotoxicity, severe side effects and poor cell targeting. With the development of nanotechnology and the emergence of nanomedicine, the application of nanomaterials has helped improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for PD. In the following review, the current pharmacotherapy for PD and its pros and cons are described. A summary of the nanomaterial types commonly used in nanomedicine and their applications in PD treatment is provided. Additionally, challenges related to using nanomaterials for PD pharmacotherapy are discussed.
RETRACTION NOTICE: Specific educational needs current legal aspect 2021-2022 in Ecuador-SENESCYT
Authors: Bohorquez Alexandra Irrazabal , Orbea Gardenia Gonzalez , Garcés Norma Garcés , Tamayo Karinacórdova , Elbert Michael Pimentel , Salazar Jacqueline Aviles
Published: April 2024

Retraction note: Irrazabal Bohorquez, A. ., Gonzalez Orbea, G. ., Córdova Tamayo, K. ., Pimentel Elbert, M. ., Avilés Salazar, J. ., & Garcés Garcés, N. (2023). Specific Educational Needs Current Legal Aspect 2021-2022 in Ecuador- Senescyt. TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review Revista Internacional De Tecnología, Ciencia Y Sociedad, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.37467/revtechno.v15.5029
The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review.
Exploring the Impact of Diverse Cooling Duct Configurations on Photovoltaic Panel Performance
Authors: Mohammad N. Alqahtani  , Hashem F. Shatnawi
Published: April 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are an emerging technology that captures solar energy and produces electricity. One key concern with PV panels is the detrimental effect of high temperatures on their performance and efficiency, which is leading to a shorter service life. Cooling the panels can help to maintain appropriate working temperatures, reduce the adverse effects of heat, and increase overall energy production. This research aims to investigate experimentally and numerically the effectiveness of a cooling channel with different configurations in lowering PV panels' temperature. The findings of the experiments show that cooling methods improved panel efficiency by 0.35% and reduced the intake temperature by 7%. In numerical analysis, different 3D cooling channel geometries were investigated, and the tapered duct was found to be the best in reducing Tav at 1.73%.
The Influence of Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) on Airflow Profile for Improved Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in a Naturally-Ventilated Workshop in a Hot-Humid Climate
Authors: Tiew Soo Wei  , Muhammad Hafeez Abdul Nasir  , Ahmad Sanusi Hassan  , Hazril Sherney Basher  , Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi  , Tajudeen Dele Mustapha
Published: April 2024

Indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a major concern worldwide as indoor air pollution rapidly becomes a public health issue. IAQ plays a pivotal role in occupants' health and comfort and influences their productivity and work efficiency. Many studies have been done on IAQ of common building spaces such as offices, residential buildings, and educational institutions, but the availability of IAQ studies on workshops is limited, considering the significant implications for workers' health and performance. Thus, this paper aims to study the effectiveness of natural ventilation in a workshop based on the influence of different window-to-wall ratios (WWR). Electronic databases are utilized to obtain data, and the findings collected are categorized based on research methodology, issues, and findings. The air movement as part of the physical parameters of IAQ is studied through the application of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation to observe and analyse the airflow pattern and the air velocity of the naturally ventilated workshop with different WWRs. The research outcome underscores the ideal WWR for effective natural ventilation in a workshop is 0.30. However, the study observes that the effectiveness decreases as WWR exceeds 0.50. Further research on the openings' location, inlet, and outlet sizes and application of mechanical ventilation can be conducted to improve the measurement of the IAQ effectiveness in a naturally ventilated workshop.
ECONOMIA SUSTENTÁVEL, EMPRESA E MEIO AMBIENTE: NOVOS MODELOS DE NEGÓCIOS EM PROL DA SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: LIMA FABRÍCIO WANTOIL , COSTA VALDIVINO SOARES ARAÚJO , DAMAS LAURA RAYSSA ARAÚJO , BARBOSA DALILA ISABEL QUEIROZ , RIO BRANCO JUAN CASTER GOMES
Published: April 2024

Neste artigo se propõe pesquisar a possibilidade de alcançar a sustentabilidade por meio de novos modelos de negócios, por exemplo - a Logística Reversa -, tentando construir um raciocínio jurídico acerca da necessidade de alinhar o crescimento com o equilíbrio ecológico. Nesse sentido, a atividade empresarial necessita estar pautada na preocupação com a utilização racional dos recursos naturais, empresas/iniciativa privada, poder público e economia trilhando o mesmo caminho para proporcionar crescimento equilibrado. Definiu-se pelo seguinte problema de pesquisa: É possível instituir uma Economia verdadeiramente Sustentável? A partir do problema central surgem os seguintes questionamentos: Qual modelo de Estado a ser adotado para alcançarmos a sustentabilidade? A tributação poderia ser um fator crítico para a implantação da economia sustentável? É viável onerar empresas sustentáveis com tributos? A legislação é instrumento suficiente para garantir o crescimento equilibrado? Lançar um olhar crítico sobre esse tema é relevante, pois a questão ambiental e economia sustentável são assuntos de extrema relevância para as gerações atuais e vindouras. Assim, o objetivo principal é investigar o modelo de Estado hodierno e a possibilidade de instituir uma economia sustentável a partir da realidade atual da nação, alinhando a atividade econômica, o direito e o desenvolvimento, especialmente nas relações entre empresas e meio ambiente. Eis a questão! Quais os modelos de negócios podem proporcionar um crescimento equilibrado, uma economia sustentável? A empresa do futuro deve se preocupar principalmente com a sustentabilidade? Quanto ao método científico que sustentou esta pesquisa, a opção recaiu no método dialético.
A Perspectiva das evidências na política nacional de redução de homicídios : o caso do projeto-piloto em frente, Brasil
Authors: Couto Bruno Gontyjo do , Soares Filho Marcos Luiz Vieira , Garcia Luciana Silva
Published: April 2024

Este artigo analisa a presença da perspectiva das políticas públicas baseadas em evidências (PPBEs) no âmbito do projeto Em Frente, Brasil (EFB), iniciativa federal na área de segurança pública com foco na redução de homicídios que foi instituída pelo Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública em 2019. A partir de entrevistas com membros da burocracia da Secretaria Nacional de Segurança Pública, o trabalho verifica se o programa pode ser considerado um exemplo de boa governança de evidências no campo das políticas de segurança pública. A análise do caso indica que as PPBEs se fizeram presentes tanto na execução parcial do projeto quanto no desenho dos três programas que dele derivaram. Contudo, o EFB encontrou os mesmos problemas de interrupção que sofreram outros programas federais na área. Assim, constata-se que, enquanto essas políticas não forem constituídas como políticas de Estado, a governança de evidências seguirá comprometida por causa de outro fator: a continuidade.
A Longa jornada da evidência : a batalha contra o escorbuto
Authors: Lassance Antonio
Published: April 2024

Se uma evidência é de tal forma robusta e cercada de requisitos de autoridade científica, por que leva tanto tempo para que ela influencie uma política pública e promova mudanças no status quo? Que fatores ou circunstâncias dificultam que o Estado e o mercado adotem a evidência em suas práticas? Para encontrar respostas a esse que é um problema típico das mais diversas políticas públicas, selecionamos um caso clássico e significativo capaz de reunir as variáveis-chave de análise: o experimento de James Lind para a cura do escorbuto, no século XVIII. Submetemos o caso a tratamento pela metodologia de experimentos naturais em história. A principal conclusão é que a evidência, por si só, é um elemento importante, mas frágil diante de fatores político-institucionais adversos e quando a própria autoridade científica (ou “sistema perito”) é fonte de ambiguidades em sua aplicação. O custo e, mais ainda, a logística de implementação se mostram também elementos decisivos para uma solução viável e rápida.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Rupiah Exchange Rate Against the US Dollar 2000-2022
Authors: PURNAWAN I Putu Geri , PARDITA Dewa Putu Yudi , AZIZ Ita Sylvia Azita
Published: April 2024

Purpose:This research analyzes the factors influencing the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar. This research was conducted to analyze the factors that influence the Rupiah exchange rate against the United States Dollar for the 2020-2022 periodMethodology:This research is based on secondary data, specifically time series data, obtained from reputable sources such as the websites of the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia, Bank Indonesia, and the Central Statistics Agency. The data were meticulously processed using the robust method of multiple linear regression analysis, ensuring the reliability and validity of the findings.Findings:The results of the research show that inflation has a positive effect and a significant effect on the Rupiah exchange rate, Exports have a negative effect and no significant effect on the Rupiah exchange rate, Imports have a positive effect and have no significant effect on the Rupiah exchange rate, Foreign exchange reserves have a positive effect and have a significant effect on the Rupiah exchange rate Simultaneously or simultaneously Inflation, Exports, Imports and Foreign Exchange Reserves have a significant effect on the rupiah exchange rate.Implication:Inflation, exports, imports and foreign exchange reserves influence the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar. Inflation has a positive impact, while exports have a negative impact, and imports are insignificant. Foreign exchange reserves provide a significant positive impact.
Integrating Spirituality into Healthcare Plan of the Aged – A Case Study of the Agogo Presbyterian Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Ofori Seth Oteng , Opoku John Kwaku
Published: April 2024

Many older people are known to stick to their faith or become more spiritual as they age. Scholars have argued that spirituality increases as people grow older and get nearer to exiting this world. Thus spirituality plays a crucial role in the lives of the aged and provides the necessary support to navigate through this challenging phase of life. The aged cannot live a prolonged life of enduring challenges of pain and deterioration of health. Meanwhile, their natural adherence to their faith and spirituality remains a valuable asset to improve their wellbeing. How can their spirituality be improved to make their lives better and promote quick recovery from ill-health? Again, how can the healthcare system of the country properly and intentionally integrate spiritual care into the health and healing system of the aged? Quickly to add here is what appears to be a conspicuous neglect of what used to be a link between health and spirituality, a design by the creator. These emanated research into the role of health workers in Agogo Presbyterian Hospital in their care of the aged. Through an interview with these practitioners and a questionnaire designed for the aged in their care, an integration of health and spirituality became appealing. Although the facility has no structure in place detailing how spirituality is to be integrated into aged healthcare, it is on the surface being practiced for all ages. The nation stands to gain if the health and spirituality of the aged are well integrated since failure to address the spiritual needs of the aged during medical treatment can increase healthcare costs.

Keywords: Aged, Health, Spirituality, Integration.
Loving Solidarities and the Mā'ohi Family: Queer and Trans Care in the Novels of Titaua Peu
Authors: DISBRO ERIC
Published: April 2024

What are the elements that make up “good” care? A care network only becomes enduring when it pays due attention to the realities of burnout and the gendered, racial and classist dynamics that create an unequal distribution of care. Care networks among queer and trans folks often function without or beyond the foundation of the nuclear family. However, in her familial novels,
Mutismes
(2002) and
Pina
(2016), Mā'ohi author Titaua Peu offers intimate webs in which catalysts for a shared care ethos are based on practices cultivated by queer and trans characters. Focusing on these caring epistemologies, this article argues that Peu demonstrates the potential of such knowledges that appear in the margins between dominant perceptions of care work and those conceived of long ago by queer and trans communities in that they are didactic––emphasizing loving solidarities that sustain the contemporary Mā'ohi family.
Plaidoyer pour la colère antinucléaire : le droit à l’émotion dans l’écriture de l’histoire du Centre d’Expérimentation du Pacifique
Authors: MAURER ANAÏS
Published: April 2024

This article argues that Tahiti’s nuclear history cannot be written without foregrounding the emotions, past and present, roused by half a century of environmental racism and official lies. Offering a feminist analysis of the sociology of knowledge production, this study questions the objectivity of the discourse favored by France and its political allies in Mā'ohi Nui and explores the limits of its alleged scientific neutrality. Contrasting this official history with Mā'ohi creative discourse, be it written, digital, or embodied, this article suggests that literature constitutes an optimal medium to foreground and process the sadness, guilt and anger associated with nuclear imperialism. Analyzing works conceived in the past five years by emerging artists such as Tevahitua Bordes, Taimana Ellacott, Karine Taea and Rehia Tepa, it asks how contemporary Mā'ohi writers and orators mobilize their creativity to explore the contrasting emotions brought by the Centre d’Expérimentation du Pacifique, ensuring that this ongoing chapter of the country’s history is not written by others in a sanitized and dedramatized fashion.
ROBERTO ARLT EN LOS COMIENZOS DE LA NOVELA ARGENTINA MODERNA DEL SIGLO VEINTE
Authors: Saítta Sylvia
Published: April 2024

El artículo reflexiona sobre la novela moderna argentina de los años veinte a través del análisis de
El juguete rabioso
,
Los siete locos
y
Los lanzallamas
de Roberto Arlt, con una hipótesis que sostiene que, en esos comienzos del siglo veinte, se propone una literatura violenta que dialoga con un presente signado por las luces y sombras de una modernidad incompleta.
MÁRIO DE ANDRADE: ESCRIBIR, VERBO INTRANSITIVO
Authors: Antelo Raúl
Published: April 2024

A pesar del divorcio entre poesía y pensamiento, el lenguaje poético reclama para sí su condición discursiva porque atiende a los fundamentos de una pura potencialidad para los humanos.
Amar verbo intransitivo
y
Macunaíma
, ambas ficciones de Mário de Andrade, son dos buenos ejemplos de ese proceso. Una crítica creativa reuniendo en ambas novelas poesía y filosofía podrá por lo tanto restaurar la unidad de nuestra palabra fragmentada.
FRONTERAS DIFUSAS Y POSICIONES TRASTOCADAS: IMPOSIBILIDADES Y NEBULOSAS EN
PASIÓN Y MUERTE DEL CURA DEUSTO
DE AUGUSTO D’HALMAR
Authors: Buksdorf Daniela
Published: April 2024

Este artículo propone una lectura actual de
Pasión y muerte del cura Deusto
, novela que cumple cien años desde su publicación. En esta lectura se presenta la operación deconstructiva que articula Augusto D’Halmar sobre las nociones de límites geográficos, culturales y emocionales e instala personajes difusos e indefinidos que tensionan la relación entre el cura y su monaguillo y la convierte en un conflicto imposible de resolver que deviene en el padecimiento constante de su protagonista.
ON THE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE SERVICE QUALITY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS UNDER SOFT-COMPUTING PARADIGM
Authors: Majumder Saibal , Singh Aarti , Singh Anupama , Karpenko Mykola , Sharma Haresh Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Somnath
Published: April 2024

Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) is among the busiest railways reservation systems since the Indian Railways (IR) is the vital and economical mode of transportation in India. Hence, rating of the trains seems to be critical aspect for selecting an appropriate train for travelling. In this study, we have considered 7 vital attributes of 500 popular trains and rate their performance based on 7 important related attributes. For this purpose, we have employed 2 different approaches to analyse of the train attributes, which eventually contribute to the overall performance of the trains. Here, we have developed a rule based rough set decision support system to analyse the criticality of the train attributes while rating the train performance. Furthermore, we have also used 3 Machine Learning (ML) model estimators: Extra Trees Classifier (ETC), Support Vector Machine Classifier (SVMC) and Multinomial Naive Bayes Classifier (MNBC) and perform their comparative analysis with respect to 7 performance metrics while predicting the overall train rating based.
« C’est la chaîne alimentaire, chacun prend pour lui. » Économie quotidienne de l’extraction aurifère de petite échelle dans un village de Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Champy Muriel , Dessertine Anna
Published: April 2024

Cette contribution porte sur les nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail et de répartition des bénéfices dans le cadre de la mécanisation de l’exploitation artisanale et de petite échelle en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce pays a connu un boom aurifère plus tardif que ses voisins, notamment en raison de la prégnance historique de la culture de plantation. Lors de son expansion à partir des années 2013-2014, l’orpaillage – qui reste actuellement une activité largement illégale – s’est structuré autour de techniques d’extraction mécanisées. À partir d’enquêtes réalisées dans une localité située au centre de la Côte d’Ivoire, nous montrons d’abord que, à la différence de l’exploitation exclusivement artisanale, cette mécanisation a introduit davantage de spécialisation des activités et une augmentation des rémunérations fixes sous forme numéraire. Ensuite, nous insistons sur le fait que cette logique plus hiérarchique et inégalitaire ne remet pas pour autant en cause la persistance des opportunités individuelles, du fait d’un éthos assez tolérant à l’égard des détournements, mais aussi de la possibilité qu’offre l’activité d’accéder à des sommes importantes. Enfin, nous montrons en quoi la multiplication des points possibles de captation de la rente de l’or est à l’origine de la création d’une «  chaîne alimentaire locale  » de plus en plus dense et étendue, à mesure que l’investissement augmente et qu’une plus grande diversité d’acteurs est impliquée.
Réforme du secteur minier, encadrement de creuseurs artisanaux et gouvernance de l’orpaillage dans la province du Maniema : enjeux, dynamique et acteurs
Authors: Mulamba Tchomba Gédéon
Published: April 2024

Les réformes successives dans le secteur public congolais achoppent sur de multiples difficultés depuis les années 1960. Il est souvent admis, contrairement à la théorie de la malédiction des ressources, que les réformes légales dans le secteur minier impactent positivement la croissance économique et contribuent à l’amélioration des conditions de vie de la population. Paradoxalement, en RDC, les innovations légales en matière minière ne semblent pas avoir eu les incidences escomptées sur les pratiques et usages dans ce secteur encore moins dans la lutte contre la pauvreté, particulièrement dans la province du Maniema. Les résultats de cette étude portant sur la réforme du secteur minier de 2018, révèlent que pour rendre opérationnelles ces transformations, l’administration devrait conduire de changement sur la base d’une stratégie volontariste tenant compte du contexte réel.
Marie-Joseph Bonnat, le premier prospecteur moderne en Gold Coast
Authors: Jacquemot Pierre
Published: April 2024

Marie-Joseph Bonnat est un personnage au destin qui fut aussi extraordinaire que bref. Il troquait ses tissus quand il fut capturé à Ho par les Ashanti. C’était en 1869, dans la Gold Coast. Sa captivité fut le tournant de sa courte vie. On lui doit une description des mœurs et coutumes des Ashanti d’un grand intérêt scientifique et la fondation de la première compagnie d’extraction moderne de l’or en Afrique.
L’immigration : raisons et déraisons
Authors: Wihtol de Wenden Catherine
Published: April 2024

Quelques mois après la promulgation en France de la loi du 26 janvier 2024 visant à « contrôler l’immigration, améliorer l’intégration », dont la discussion au Parlement, puis la censure par le Conseil constitutionnel d’une partie des mesures votées, a vivement animé les débats, la question de l’immigration demeure au centre des discussions. À l’approche des élections européennes de juin 2024, ce thème de prédilection des extrêmes droites, en France comme dans bien d’autres pays européens, est régulièrement mis en avant et souvent instrumentalisé au mépris des réalités sociales et statistiques. Or, comme le rappelle ici Catherine Wihtol de Wenden, spécialiste du sujet, les flux migratoires sont un phénomène inhérent aux sociétés mondialisées qui ne pourra être gommé d’une manière ou d’une autre. Elle montre, dans cet article, comment ont évolué les migrations au fil du temps et combien elles sont nettement plus régionalisées qu’intercontinentales. Elle précise également les facteurs structurels qui motivent les migrations en pointant un certain nombre d’idées reçues en la matière, ainsi que les tendances amenées à perdurer (démographie, crises…). Enfin, elle examine le cas spécifique des flux entre l’Europe et les régions méditerranéennes : les facteurs moteurs, les limites des réglementations et accords en vigueur… ; et alerte sur une vision trop clivée et sécuritaire des migrations, ne tenant pas compte des besoins socio-économiques des pays d’accueil et sous-estimant les leviers des politiques d’intégration. S.D.
Comment gérer la fin de vie ?
Authors: Perelman Sergio , Pestieau Pierre
Published: April 2024

Emmanuel Macron a annoncé, début mars 2024, vouloir présenter un projet de loi sur la fin de vie qui, après un avis favorable du Comité consultatif national d’éthique reconnaissant la possibilité d’une forme d’aide active à mourir, et une mission d’évaluation de la loi Claeys-Leonetti (qui, depuis 2016, renforce les droits des patients et des personnes en fin de vie), a fait l’objet d’une Convention citoyenne, dont les conclusions ont été présentées en avril 2023 1 , et enfin d’un rapport sur les soins palliatifs fin 2023 2 . Ce projet de loi sur la fin de vie (dont le président de la République a précisé l’esprit en mars) devrait être présenté au printemps 2024, puis soumis à l’Assemblée nationale et au Sénat. Dans une telle perspective, l’article de Sergio Perelman et Pierre Pestieau que nous publions ici présente un utile panorama des dispositions et pratiques fort différentes qui sont en vigueur dans les pays industrialisés, caractérisés, comme on le sait, par un vieillissement accéléré en raison de la baisse de la natalité et de l’allongement de la vie. Au préalable, les auteurs soulignent utilement la différence entre les soins de santé, de nature curative, qui visent donc la guérison et à maintenir les patients en vie, et ceux dont l’ambition est plutôt d’améliorer la « qualité de la mort ». Comment et où mourrons-nous demain ? Leur texte révèle combien les disparités sont grandes selon les pays, en ce qui concerne notamment les soins palliatifs, l’euthanasie et le suicide assisté, ainsi d’ailleurs que la prise en charge des coûts, plus ou moins supportés par la Sécurité sociale et les familles. H.J.
Le Parlement européen et les Français
Authors: Drevet Jean-François
Published: April 2024

Du 6 au 9 juin 2024, tous les citoyens de l’Union européenne sont appelés à voter pour élire les 720 députés qui composeront, pour un nouveau mandat de cinq ans, le Parlement européen. Bien que dotés de pouvoirs désormais importants pour élaborer les lois et réglementations européennes, les eurodéputés sont peu visibles et peu mis en valeur à l’échelle nationale. C’est en particulier le cas en France où cette élection (dont le mode de scrutin est mal connu des électeurs) est souvent détournée en match de politique intérieure visant à distribuer les bons et les mauvais points aux élus et dirigeants politiques nationaux. Comme on a pu le constater dès le début de l’année, la cuvée 2024 ne fait pas exception, les mécontents de la politique gouvernementale menée en France appelant à sanctionner l’équipe en place et, inversement, le gouvernement et la majorité parlementaire invitant à rejeter les partis éloignés de leur ligne politique. Or, instrumentaliser l’élection européenne pour régler des comptes nationaux va à l’encontre du bon sens et de l’efficacité politique nécessaire pour peser sur les décisions prises à l’échelle de l’Union, dont on sait aujourd’hui qu’elles orientent pour une grande part les politiques publiques nationales (écologie, agriculture, énergie, technologie…). Pour clarifier les choses, Jean-François Drevet rappelle, dans cette chronique, en quoi consiste le mode de scrutin de cette élection ; il montre comment les élus travaillent et s’organisent pour peser sur les décisions européennes, et pourquoi il est important de bien réfléchir à qui l’on donne sa voix si l’on espère se faire entendre sur tel ou tel sujet à ce niveau de décision. Dans un contexte géopolitique particulièrement tendu en raison du conflit russo-ukrainien, et face à la nécessité de renforcer l’autonomie stratégique européenne sur les plans économique et écologique, cette remise en perspective des enjeux et des leviers d’action des eurodéputés mérite attention… S.D.
Jouer pour apprendre ? Étude sociologique des modalités d’appropriations des jeux Montessori en familles
Authors: Giraud Frédérique
Published: April 2024

Notre contribution montre que les jeux Montessori attirent inégalement les familles et se trouvent ensuite inégalement utilisés (et pédagogisés) dans l’espace des pratiques familiales éducatives. On observe une variation sociale dans les types de jeux achetés et les modalités de leurs appropriations (l’intensité et la diversité de ces pratiques). Notre analyse permet de faire apparaître trois ensembles d’appropriations parentales que nous décrivons successivement : des appropriations restreintes, des appropriations instrumentales scolaro-centrées et des appropriations en valeur. Les modalités à travers lesquelles les parents enquêtés s’approprient les jeux Montessori révèlent les clivages sociaux des intérêts portés à l’éducation des enfants. Lorsque les mêmes jeux sont achetés, ils font l’objet d’un travail de qualification différencié socialement : tandis que certains parents orientent l’activité vers le jeu et l’appréhension ludique, d’autres la tirent vers les apprentissages scolaires.
Synthesis, characterization, thermal and mechanical behavior of polypropylene hybrid composites embedded with CaCO3 and graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) for structural applications
Authors: Daulath Banu R. , Karunanithi R. , Sivasankaran S. , Subramanian B. , Alhomidan Abdullah A.
Published: April 2024

In this study, ultra-fine graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were employed as nanofillers to reinforce a polypropylene (PP) matrix. This was done in conjunction with a polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-MAH) compatibilizer and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), with the aim of improving the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting hybrid composites. Formulations for the hybrid composites were fabricated by compounding the PP matrix with varying weight percentages of GNPs (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0), 2 wt.% CaCO3, and 5 wt.% PP-MAH using a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. This research thoroughly investigates the mechanical and thermal characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirm the successful development of hybrid composites. The thermal stability, crystallization temperature, melting temperature, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), universal testing machine, and low-velocity impact tester, respectively. The results indicated a significant improvement in the tensile strength of the PP matrix with the addition of GNPs, with the highest enhancement observed at 1.5 wt.% GNP loading, where the tensile strength reached a maximum of 40.54 MPa. This improvement was attributed to the proper interconnection, bonding, and compounding of PP with GNPs, thus leading to an increase in the load transfer efficiency.
Election-based optimization algorithm with deep learning-enabled false data injection attack detection in cyber-physical systems
Authors: Alkahtani Hend Khalid , Alruwais Nuha , Alshuhail Asma , NEMRI Nadhem , Miled Achraf Ben , Mahmud Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are affected by cyberattacks once they are more connected to cyberspace. Advanced CPSs are highly complex and susceptible to attacks such as false data injection attacks (FDIA) targeted to mislead the systems and make them unstable. Leveraging an integration of anomaly detection methods, real-time monitoring, and machine learning (ML) algorithms, research workers are developing robust frameworks to recognize and alleviate the effect of FDIA. These methods often scrutinize deviations from predictable system behavior, using statistical analysis and anomaly detection systems to determine abnormalities that can indicate malicious activities. This manuscript offers the design of an election-based optimization algorithm with a deep learning-enabled false data injection attack detection (EBODL-FDIAD) method in the CPS infrastructure. The purpose of the EBODL-FDIAD technique is to enhance security in the CPS environment via the detection of FDIAs. In the EBODL-FDIAD technique, the linear scaling normalization (LSN) approach can be used to scale the input data into valuable formats. Besides, the EBODL-FDIAD system performs ensemble learning classification comprising three classifiers, namely the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), long short-term memory (LSTM), and attention-based bidirectional recurrent neural network (ABiRNN) model. For optimal hyperparameter selection of the ensemble classifiers, the EBO algorithm can be applied. To validate the enriched performance of the EBODL-FDIAD technique, wide-ranging simulations were involved. The extensive results highlighted that the EBODL-FDIAD algorithm performed well over other systems concerning numerous measures.
Olof Palme – Une politique égalitaire pour le monde et la Suède
Authors: Persson David
Published: April 2024

Olof Palme est souvent considéré comme l’homme politique qui a le plus marqué la vie politique suédoise du XXe siècle et qui a également joué un rôle au niveau international. Sa mort précoce a eu comme conséquence un bilan politique national méconnu. Dans le monde, Palme est plus réputé pour ses engagements contre la guerre du Vietnam et en faveur du tiers-monde. Cet article proposera une biographie générale retraçant la vie et l’œuvre politique d’Olof Palme, qui traitera aussi bien sa politique nationale qu’internationale – politiques qui émanent de la vision phare de Palme, l’égalité. L’article défend la thèse selon laquelle Olof Palme était un homme politique avec des idées fortes qui ont donné naissance à des politiques concrètes.
Decentralized Data and Privacy
Authors: Bag Akash , Sharma Paridhi , Khare Pranjal , Roy Souvik
Published: April 2024

Our personal information, or “digital footprint,” is gathered and used in today's digital age. Digital footprints are kept, unlike snow footprints. There is a large market for this data, which businesses utilize to analyze consumer preferences. Businesses collecting a lot of data in one place pose a privacy risk. Thus, people are worried. Businesses prefer not to utilize intermediaries to manage client data to save money. Therefore, new technology is needed to make online interactions safer and more efficient. We're considering “distributed ledger technology.” This technology is interesting because it securely collects, stores, and processes data without central authority. It has data immutability, transparency, and safety. A problem exists. The European GDPR (general data protection regulation) may conflict with this technology. This chapter will examine this tension, focusing on the right to be forgotten, which permits people to delete their data. It will examine how this new technology and existing privacy policies can function together or need tweaking.
Navigating the Digital Dilemma
Authors: Bag Akash , Khattri Upasana , Agrawal Aditya , Roy Souvik
Published: April 2024

The 2014 Google Spain lawsuit was a major European Court ruling. It indicated that online name searches yield personal information. Google and other search engine operators must remove or prevent search results that breach privacy rights. The “right to forget” lets users remove their personal information from search engine results. Your internet privacy isn't completely protected. Technology changes quickly, making it hard for laws to stay up. The right to be forgotten is criticized for its deceptive nomenclature and inconsistent application. European websites may remove information, but non-European sites (like the US) may not. This right may also limit free speech. The chapter discusses the “right to be forgotten” from the new GDPR perspective. They are testing whether this right gives internet users more control over their data. It conflicts with privacy and free speech. It's considerably difficult since private firms, whose major objective is to make money, have a say, raising problems about our rights.
Privacy of Information and Data
Authors: Kavak Ali
Published: April 2024

Information and data privacy is a critical issue in modern society to protect the privacy of individuals and institutions, ensure their security, and prevent the misuse of their information. Rapidly developing technology has posed new challenges in ensuring information and data privacy. Technological developments such as big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and the internet of things require innovative solutions to protect information and data privacy. Today, with the acceleration of the digitizing world, individuals' and institutions' concerns about information and data privacy are increasing. By addressing information and data privacy through policies, threats and solutions, this study aims to examine new protection-oriented frameworks, policies, and best practices. Aiming to examine coping strategies with technological developments by emphasizing the importance of information and data privacy, this study is original in terms of presenting innovative policies and practices, guiding readers, and providing solutions to current challenges in this field.
An Overarching Guide to Data Governance
Authors: Kritika
Published: April 2024

The advent of advanced technologies like blockchain, cryptocurrency, etc. has posed threats to the humongous data of the organisations at voluminous scale hindering day to day activities of the institution which paves way for governance of data at every level of the organisation defining roles and responsibilities of each and every member. Data governance is one such way of collocating and administering policies, plan of action and calibre for the tacit usage of organisation's structured or unstructured information with the focus on 5 V's—namely, volume, veracity, value, variety, and velocity. The chapter focuses on providing the details of the need of data governance, the tools used, data governance framework, challenges posed to models of data governance and its solution.
A Policy Simulation Experiment on Innovations and OpenAI-Driven Labour Force-Growth Nexus
Authors: Adedoyin Festus Fatai , Ogunbiyi Victor oyewumi , Adebiyi Aliu , Oluokun Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

The hypothesis that advancement in Artificial intelligence can enhance the quality of labour and consequently its contribution to multifactor productivity and economic growth has continued to attract attention in recent times. However, not much empirical evidence is available in the literature to support this hypothesis considering current economic realities. This study investigates the impact of AI-driven labor on economic growth in Switzerland. Data from 1960-2022 is used to analyze the relationship between labor and growth. Dynamic ARDL simulation is employed for policy simulation and prediction. The findings suggest that the short-term implementation of OpenAI may cause economic shocks, but a strategic approach can lead to long-term benefits. The study emphasizes the importance of investing in human capital through education and training programs. It also recommends a proactive and balanced approach to harness the potential benefits of AI while addressing its challenges.
Crafting the Future
Authors: Premavathi T. , Shekhar Ayush , Raj Aayush , Agrawal Shreya , Palaniappan Damodharan
Published: April 2024

Crafting the Future: OpenAI's Strategies and Sustainable Innovation examines OpenAI's innovative ideas in the ever-changing AI landscape. The chapter highlights OpenAI's safety, transparency, and social benefit. This lets us examine the organization's research environment, focused on sophisticated language models and their groundbreaking applications in numerous domains. Sustainability is prioritised over scientific advancement and an inclusive AI ecosystem at OpenAI. The chapter discusses OpenAI's collaborative frameworks, partnerships, and community involvement to democratise and ethically deploy AI. OpenAI's proactive approach to social consequences and ethics, including bias reduction and AI development's ethical problems, is also examined. Crafting the Future informs academics, politicians, and enthusiasts about OpenAI's impact on global AI laws and standards. OpenAI's trajectory poses ethical, collaborative, and revolutionary questions throughout the chapter. Beyond cutting-edge technology, OpenAI seeks to change the world.
Enhancing Work-Life Balance in Remote Working via Good Health to Enhance Organizational Performance
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Vig Komal
Published: April 2024

Technology is advancing so quickly that it has completely changed the way we work, with remote work growing in popularity. While there are many advantages to working remotely, like flexibility and work-life balance, there are drawbacks as well, such a potential for blurring work and personal life boundaries. Improving worker health and well-being is essential to raising output and performance levels. Employees are more likely to have a pleasant work attitude and be more productive when they are well. Remote working can exacerbate existing health issues, such as stress, burnout, and musculoskeletal problems, due to prolonged sitting and lack of physical activity. Implementing strategies such as flexible work hours, clear communication, remote work policies, and employee support programs can play a crucial role in achieving a more productive and balanced work environment. This chapter comprehensively explores the various dimensions impact of teleworking and remote work on business and how to uplift the productivity, retention, and business advancement in this technological era.
Remote Work and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Venkatesh Likitha , Kachhi Zidan
Published: April 2024

This chapter delves into the impact of technology and COVID-19 on the modern workplace, with a focus on remote work. It analyzes various factors that affect job satisfaction, such as relationships, environment, structure, and growth opportunities. The chapter explains remote work, highlighting its benefits and challenges, and provides strategies to enhance job satisfaction in remote work settings. Furthermore, it discusses the future of work and the shift towards decentralized structures. Ultimately, the chapter reveals the complex relationship between remote work and job satisfaction, shedding light on how they affect each other.
Arduousness in Technological Aspects of Remote Work
Authors: Kritika
Published: April 2024

The evolution of internet and Web 3.0 poses an ever-growing trend of remote working allowing people to work at their ease and raising concern over cyber security issues for secured transaction of work in remote environment. The necessity of implementing a thorough cybersecurity framework that includes encrypted data transmission, secure communication channels, and reliable access control is examined. The chapter also explores the importance of continuous monitoring systems and endpoint security solutions in identifying and addressing possible threats quickly. It highlights the challenges and safeguard measures to be taken to prevent the cyber threats in the near future and eventualities of remote working in the years ahead.
Autonomous Drones and Their Integration With AI Technologies
Authors: Eugene Berna  , Samuel Prithi , Ravikumar S. , Vijay K.
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence integration in autonomous drones has various advantages, including greater operational efficiency and cost savings. By automating historically manual tasks, drones can complete them far more quickly, accurately, and cheaply than humans could. Prioritizing safety is of paramount importance when operating drones. Advanced safety measures, including real-time monitoring and collision avoidance systems, are built into AI-powered drones, making them safer to operate and reducing the likelihood of mishaps. Autonomous drones that use AI have a lot of promise, but there are a lot of problems that need fixing first. One of the key concerns is the creation of robust AI algorithms capable of adapting to dynamic situations and efficiently dealing with unforeseen scenarios. The integration of self-driving drones and AI technologies could revolutionize various sectors and enhance our everyday lives.