bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the Impact of Four BSF Layers on MASnI3‐Based Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells for >33% Efficiency
Authors: Hossain Md. Faruk , Rahman Md. Mahabur , Harun‐Or‐Rashid Md. , Amami Mongi , Farhat Lamia Ben , Rahman Md. Ferdous
Published: October 2024

This study systematically investigates the impact of various layers of the back surface field (BSF) on the performance of CH₃NH₃SnI₃ (MASnI₃)‐based lead‐free mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. By employing SCAPS‐1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in One Dimension) simulation software, the behavior of solar cells is analyzed incorporating BSF layers of CuI, NiO, ZnTe, and CBTS. The findings indicate that the inclusion of these BSF materials significantly enhances power conversion efficiency (PCE), with CBTS showing the highest PCE of 33.57%. The energy band diagrams reveal that the BSF layers effectively reduce recombination losses at the rear interface and improve charge carrier collection. Detailed analysis of photovoltaic parameters, such as open‐circuit voltage (Voc), short‐circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and overall PCE, underscores the superiority of CBTS as optimal BSF materials. Temperature variation studies demonstrate that CBTS maintains superior performance across a range of temperatures, highlighting its potential for high‐efficiency, thermally stable perovskite solar cells. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights for optimizing the design and performance of MASnI₃‐based perovskite solar cells, with the aim of efficiencies greater than 33%.
High‐Performing Flexible Mg3Bi2 Thin‐Film Thermoelectrics
Authors: Hu Boxuan , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Cao Tianyi , Liu Siqi , Zhang Min , Lyu Wanyu , Yin Liangcao , Tesfamichael Tuquabo , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: October 2024

With the advances in bulk Mg3Bi2, there is increasing interest in pursuing whether Mg3Bi2 can be fabricated into flexible thin films for wearable electronics to expand the practical applications. However, the development of fabrication processes for flexible Mg3Bi2 thin films and the effective enhancement of their thermoelectric performance remain underexplored. Here, magnetron sputtering and ex‐situ annealing techniques is used to fabricate flexible Mg3Bi2 thermoelectric thin films with a power factor of up to 1.59 µW cm−1 K−2 at 60 °C, ranking as the top value among all reported n‐type Mg3Bi2 thin films. Extensive characterizations show that ex‐situ annealing, and optimized sputtering processes allow precise control over film thickness. These techniques ensure high adhesion of the films to various substrates, resulting in excellent flexibility, with <10% performance degradation after 500 bending cycles with a radius of 5 mm. Furthermore, for the first time, flexible thermoelectric devices are fabricated with both p‐type and n‐type Mg3Bi2 legs, which achieve an output power of 0.17 nW and a power density of 1.67 µW cm−2 at a very low temperature difference of 2.5 °C, highlighting the practical application potential of the device.
Designer Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction with Controlled Platinum Nanoparticle Locality
Authors: Ferro Giovanni , Roiron Camille , Wang Hanson , Braaten Jonathan , Stühmeier Björn M. , Johnston Christina , Cheng Lei , Zenyuk Iryna V. , Atanassov Plamen
Published: October 2024

For global deployment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, achieving optimal interaction between the components of the cathode active layer remains challenging. Studies addressing the effect of nanoparticle location (inside vs outside of pores) on performance and durability mostly compare porous and nonporous carbon supports, thus coming short of decoupling nanoparticle locality from carbon support effects. To address the influence of nanoparticle locality on performance and durability, new carbon‐supported electrocatalysts with designed and distinct nanoparticle localities are presented. The developed methodology allows to place Pt nanoparticles preferentially inside or outside of the mesopores of conductive carbon supports from materials under development at Cabot Corporation. Synthesis protocols are tuned to control nanoparticle size, crystallinity, and loading; this way the effect of Pt locality can be studied for two experimental carbon supports in isolation from all other parameters. For one carbon support, Pt active surface area and activity are significantly lower when nanoparticles are placed inside the pores. In contrast, for another, more graphitic carbon support, placing nanoparticles inside or outside of the carbon pores produces no appreciable difference in active surface area and performance rotating disk electrode measurements. Given their carefully tailored structure, these catalysts provide a framework for evaluating locality‐performance‐durability relationships.
A novel highly sensitive test reaction for micromixing: Acid‐base neutralization and alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl oxalate
Authors: Huang Dingwang , Duan Xiaoxia , Feng Xin , Wang Guilong , Zhang Weipeng , Chen Jie , Mao Zai‐Sha , Yang Chao
Published: October 2024

Micromixing in chemical reactors can be characterized through test reactions that are sensitive to mixing. A new pair of parallel competitive reactions, including acid–base neutralization and diethyl oxalate hydrolysis, is proposed in this work. It has clear principles and high sensitivity to micromixing with quantitative accuracy and operational simplicity. The measurement results obtained from stopped‐flow spectra show that the alkaline hydrolysis of diethyl oxalate follows second‐order kinetics, and the rate constant conforms to the Arrhenius equation k2 = 2.331 × 108 exp(−26.92 × 103/RT) (L/mol/s). The estimated half‐life of hydrolysis is approximately 3 × 10−4 s under the selected concentration combinations, which provides significant advantages for the micromixing assessment in the strong turbulent fluid environment. In the same stirred tank, the critical feed time of new test reaction is shorter than that of the Villermaux–Dushman reaction. Overall, this work provides practical ideas for screening other desired esters for fast hydrolysis to construct more test reactions for micromixing.
Examining Roles, Challenges, and Opportunities Within the Metabolic Genetics Workforce
Authors: Simpson Kara , Offord Stephanie , Suares Chanel , Vockley Jerry
Published: October 2024

The metabolic genetics clinic is a crucial hub for the management of patients with inborn errors of metabolism and other complex genetic conditions. Because more patients are being identified due to the expanded diagnostics, including newborn screening, and living longer with the advent of improved therapies, the multidisciplinary metabolic genetics team has been challenged in growing proportionally to meet patients' needs. Insufficient rates of recruitment to the field and increased levels of attrition have led to concerns about a rising shortage of metabolic genetics health care providers and necessitate creative solutions to grow the workforce. Here, we describe the roles and responsibilities of the multidisciplinary metabolic genetics team and describe opportunities to support patient care and promote clinician work–life balance in a rapidly changing field.
Ultrasound transducer disinfection for percutaneous procedures: A review of the evidence supporting guideline recommendations
Authors: Peters Nathan , Williamson Frances , Eley Victoria
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Purpose

There are varying international recommendations regarding the minimum level of disinfection required for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures. While some guidelines recommend high‐level disinfection (HLD), others question the additional benefit this delivers over low‐level disinfection (LLD).

Methods

This narrative review identifies current guidelines and evaluates the evidence used to support disinfection recommendations for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures. Thirteen guidelines were identified using a search encompassing PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google from 1st January 2013 to 31st January 2024.

Results

No guidelines were supported by high‐quality evidence, instead, guidelines relied upon: expert opinion through the application of national standards and infection control principles; consideration of recommendations from other published guidelines; and the incidence of infection from retrospective studies. Guidelines were uniformly supportive of using ultrasound transducer covers and sterile ultrasound gel during ultrasound‐guided percutaneous procedures. However, the minimum recommended disinfection level was varied with seven guidelines recommending HLD, four LLD and two not specifying a level. Spaulding's classification was commonly used to support disinfection recommendations, however, the resultant wide variation in classification and subsequent recommendations suggest that its utility in accurately determining the minimum level of disinfection in this specific context is low.

Conclusion

Without high‐level evidence, using a risk‐based assessment will likely remain fundamental to future guideline recommendations in determining the minimum disinfection level for an ultrasound transducer used in percutaneous procedures. This risk assessment must include the highest level of evidence available in addition to acknowledging the contribution of all steps taken to prevent infection during ultrasound‐guided percutaneous procedures.
Socioeconomic and medical determinants of state‐level subjective cognitive decline in the United States
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Stulberg Eric L. , Littig Lauren , Wong Ka‐Ho , Sarpong Daniel , Li Vivian , Sharma Richa , Falcone Guido J. , Williamson Jeff D. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Brickman Adam M. , Sheth Kevin N.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

It is important to understand the socioeconomic and medical determinants of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at a population level in the United States.

METHODS

The primary outcomes are state‐level rates of SCD and SCD‐related functional impairment in adults aged ≥ 45, both measured in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2016 to 2022. The exposures are state‐level rates of poverty, unemployment, homelessness, college education, racial and ethnic minorities, uninsurance, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity as well as household income and physician density.

RESULTS

The strongest state‐level associations with rates of SCD were the prevalence of diabetes (rho = 0.64), hypertension (rho = 0.59), and poverty (rho = 0.58; all p < 0.001), and with SCD‐related functional impairment were prevalence of poverty (rho = 0.71), diabetes (rho = 0.68), and hypertension (rho = 0.53; all p < 0.001).

DISCUSSION

This study highlights critical links between SCD and socioeconomic and medical determinants in adults aged ≥ 45 in the United States, including the prevalence of poverty, diabetes, and hypertension.

Highlights

State‐level analysis reveals socioeconomic and medical risk factors for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at a population level.

The prevalence of poverty is a critical contributor to the state‐level prevalence of SCD.

The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension are also strong state‐level determinants of SCD.

Addressing the burden of cognitive decline at the population level necessitates targeting socioeconomic and medical factors.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Neuropathology Core: An update
Authors: Perrin Richard J. , Franklin Erin E. , Bernhardt Haley , Burns Aime , Schwetye Katherine E. , Cairns Nigel J. , Baxter Michael , Weiner Michael W. , Morris John C. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) have been instrumental in developing effective disease‐modifying therapeutics. However, to prevent/treat dementia effectively, we require biomarkers for non‐AD neuropathologies; for this, neuropathologic examinations and annotated tissue samples are essential.

METHODS

We conducted clinicopathologic correlation for the first 100 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) cases.

RESULTS

Clinical syndromes in this cohort showed 95% sensitivity and 79% specificity for predicting high/intermediate ADNC, a 21% false positive rate, and a ∼44% false negative rate. In addition, 60% with high/intermediate ADNC harbored additional potentially dementing co‐pathologies.

DISCUSSION

These results suggest that clinical presentation imperfectly predicts ADNC and that accurate prediction of high/intermediate ADNC does not exclude co‐pathology that may modify presentation, biomarkers, and therapeutic responses. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed for non‐AD neuropathologies. The ADNI NPC supports this mission with well‐characterized tissue samples (available through ADNI and the National Institute on Aging) and “gold‐standard” diagnostic information (soon to include digital histology).

Highlights

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) brain donation cohort now exceeds 200 cases.

ADNI NPC data in National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center format are available through the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging.

Digitized slide files from the ADNI NPC will be available in 2025.

Requests for ADNI brain tissue samples can be submitted online for ADNI/National Institute on Aging evaluation.

Clinical diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD)/AD and related dementias (ADRD) do not always predict post mortem neuropathology.

Neuropathology is essential for the development of novel AD/ADRD biomarkers.
Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction Induces Hydrogen Spillover and Platinum Utilization in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Feng Yumei , Xie Yuhua , Yu Yingjie , Chen Yazhou , Liu Qingting , Bao Haifeng , Luo Fang , Pan Shuyuan , Yang Zehui
Published: October 2024

The substantial promotion of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance relies on the breakup of the Sabatier principle, which can be achieved by the alternation of the support and electronic metal support interaction (EMSI) is noticed. Due to the utilization of tungsten disulfides as support for platinum (Pt@WS2), surprisingly, Pt@WS2 demands only 31 mV overpotential to attain 10 mA cm−2 in acidic HER test, corresponding to a 2.5‐fold higher mass activity than benchmarked Pt/C. The pH dependent electrochemical measurements associated with H2‐TPD and in situ Raman spectroscopy indicate a hydrogen spillover involved HER mechanism is confirmed. The WS2 support triggers a higher hydrogen binding strength for Pt leading to the increment in hydrogen concentration at Pt sites proved by upshifted d band center as well as lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen, favourable for hydrogen spillover. Besides, the WS2 shows a comparably lower effect on Gibbs free energy for different Pt layers (−0.50 eV layer−1) than carbon black (−0.88 eV layer−1) contributing to a better Pt utilization. Also, the theoretical calculation suggests the hydrogen spillover occurs on the 3rd Pt layer in Pt@WS2; moreover, the energy barrier is lowered with increment in hydrogen coverage on Pt. Therefore, the boosted HER activity attributes to the EMSI effect caused hydrogen spillover and enhancement in Pt utilization efficiency.
Fast Production of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Covalent Enzyme Immobilization with Boosted Enzymatic Catalysis by Solar‐Driven Photothermal Effect
Authors: Hao Liqin , Zhu Qianqian , Qiao Xueling , Shi Qiongyu , Liu Yujie , Wang Tonghai , Lin En , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie , Chen Yao
Published: October 2024

Developing new enzyme‐immobilization systems to stabilize their dynamic structures and meanwhile enhance their catalytic activity is of great significance but very challenging. Herein, we design and fabricate a class of robust mesoporous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via Michael addition‐elimination reaction. It is found that highly crystalline COFs can be produced in 10 min, which is attributed to the promoting effect of the intramolecular hydrogen bond activation. The COFs rich in hydroxyl groups can be facilely post‐modified by epibromohydrin to covalently immobilize enzymes with both high loading and activity. Furthermore, we create a solar‐driven photothermal‐promoted strategy by introducing photoactive azo groups to COF carriers, which can boost the enzyme catalytic performance (lipase) with much higher conversion of various racemic substrates and chiral resolution upon solar light irradiation. The heterogeneous biocatalysts also demonstrate exceptional reusability and stability. This work provides a green and energy‐efficient approach to facilitate the scale application of enzyme‐immobilized biocatalysts.
[18F]Trifluoroiodomethane – Enabling Photoredox‐mediated Radical [18F]Trifluoromethylation for Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Veth Lukas , Windhorst Albert D. , Vugts Danielle J.
Published: October 2024

The development of new tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) is highly dependent on the available synthetic tools for their radiosynthesis. Herein, we present the radiosynthesis and application of [18F]trifluoroiodomethane – the first reagent for broad scope radical [18F]trifluoromethylation chemistry in high molar activity. CF218FI can be prepared from [18F]fluoroform with 67±5 % AY and >99 % RCP. Its synthetic utility is demonstrated by the radiosynthesis of previously unprecedented 18F‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones and 18F‐labeled trifluoromethyl sulfides, important motifs that are present in a range of bioactive compounds. Both protocols are Ru‐ and photo‐mediated and proceed under mild reaction conditions. They show good functional group tolerance evidenced by the respective reaction scopes and make use of easily obtainable starting materials. The products can be isolated in 8.3–11.1 GBq/μmol (starting from ca. 5 GBq [18F]fluoride). The applicability to PET tracer synthesis is shown by the radiolabeling of bioactive compounds, such as derivatives of probenecid and febuxostat. In a broader context, this work opens the door to the utilization of radical [18F]trifluoromethylation chemistry for the radiolabeling of PET tracers in high molar activity.
Experimental Insights into the Formation, Reactivity, and Crosstalk of Thionitrite (SNO−) and Perthionitrite (SSNO−)
Authors: Davis Amanda G. , Pluth Michael D.
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) are important gaseous biological signaling molecules that are involved in complex cellular pathways. A number of physiological processes require both H2S and NO, which has led to the proposal that different H2S/NO⋅ crosstalk species, including thionitrite (SNO−) and perthionitrite (SSNO−), are responsible for this observed codependence. Despite the importance of these S/N hybrid species, the reported properties and characterization, as well as the fundamental pathways of formation and subsequent reactivity, remain poorly understood. Herein we report new experimental insights into the fundamental reaction chemistry of pathways to form SNO− and SSNO−, including mechanisms for proton‐mediated interconversion. In addition, we demonstrate new modes of reactivity with other sulfur‐containing potential crosstalk species, including carbonyl sulfide (COS).
Quantification of Synergistic Two‐Color Covalent Bond Formation
Authors: Hobich Jan , Feist Florian , Werner Phillip , Carroll Joshua A. , Fuhr Olaf , Blasco Eva , Mutlu Hatice , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2024

The emergence of highly wavelength resolved reactivity information for complex photochemical reaction processes allows the establishment of multi‐color reaction modes. One particularly powerful mode is the synergistic two‐color reaction, where two colors of light have to be present in the same volume element to either enable or enhance photochemical reactivity that leads to a specific photoproduct. Herein, we introduce a two‐color synergistic photochemical reaction system based on a diaryl indenone epoxide (DIO) photoswitch and the cis‐to‐trans isomerization of a bridged ring‐strained azobenzene (SA), which respond to ultraviolet (365 nm) and visible light (430 nm), respectively, with different rates, forming a well‐defined heterocyclic photoadduct, DIOSA, that we structurally confirm via single crystal x‐ray diffraction (SXRD). To quantitatively capture the effectiveness of the dual‐color irradiation as a function of the reaction conditions such as light intensity and starting material ratio as a function of product yield, we introduce a parameter, the photochemical synergistic ratio
. A reduced
termed
—that extrapolates to conditions of infinitesimal conversions—allows to compare the efficiency of the synergistic photochemistry at varying reaction conditions.
Artificial Lithium Channels Built from Polymers with Intrinsic Microporosity
Authors: Gou Fei , Wang Qiuting , Yang Zihong , Chang Wenju , Shen Jie , Zeng Huaqiang
Published: October 2024

In sharp contrast to numerous artificial potassium channels developed over the past decade, the study of artificial lithium‐transporting channels has remained limited. We demonstrate here the use of an interesting class of polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIM) for constructing artificial lithium channels. These PIM‐derived lithium channels show exceptionally efficient (γLi+>40 pS) and highly selective transport of Li+ ions, with selectivity factors of>10 against both Na+ and K+. By simply adjusting the initial reaction temperature, we can tune the transport property in a way that PIMs synthesized at initial reaction temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C exhibit improved transport efficiency and selectivity, respectively, in the dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine membrane.
Advancements and potential of chitosan‐genipin complex in biotechnological applications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Esparza‐Flores Elí Emanuel , Hertz Plinho F. , Rodrigues Rafael C.
Published: October 2024

The chitosan‐genipin complex has been extensively studied and applied in various fields, attracting increasing attention due to its unique characteristics and properties. This complex enables the development of novel materials for applications in biomedical engineering, biotechnology, and medicine. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer, and genipin is an extract obtained from some fruits, mainly from genipap and gardenia; both have demonstrated biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. Due to their versatile and reinforced structure, new materials have shown potential use in drug delivery, tissue engineering, scaffolds, curatives, food packaging, and enzyme immobilization. This review will discuss the chitosan and its modifications, the genipin and its reactivity, and finally, the complex chitosan‐genipin, showing some recent developments and applications and some prospectives for other applications in new fields, especially as support for enzyme immobilization.
Assessing the Diet of the Elusive North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) in Florida Using Faecal DNA Metabarcoding
Authors: Bakker Judith , van Zinnicq Bergmann Maurits P. M. , Stolen Megan , Kiszka Jeremy J.
Published: October 2024

North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) are semiaquatic mammals distributed throughout the North American continent. They are generalist carnivores with a high potential to affect community structure and dynamics. However, habitat degradation and ecosystem changes have the potential to impact their trophic interactions. Therefore, investigating their diet is critical to understand how anthropogenic disturbances can affect their ecological roles, particularly in the urbanised ecosystems in Florida, where such diet information is currently unavailable. Due to their elusive nature, direct observation of feeding events is a major challenge. Here, we have applied DNA metabarcoding of faecal matter (fDNA), opportunistically collected from river otters killed by road traffic in eastern Florida. Two mitochondrial markers were used to identify prey species' DNA—one for fish and one for vertebrates. A total of 23 unique exact sequence variants (ESVs) were identified, the majority belonging not only to teleosts but also to amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The prey species identified are known dietary resources for river otters and the recovered dietary profiles provided independently by the fish and vertebrate assays were similar. Among the identified teleost prey, three fish species are considered invasive. Here, we show that when sufficient reference sequences are available, fDNA metabarcoding provides high prey species resolution. The collection and metabarcoding of faecal samples is particularly advantageous for scaling diet studies, both geographically and longitudinally, highlighting the potential of fDNA metabarcoding for the investigation of the diet of predators. This can provide foundational information on the organisation of ecological networks, which is vital for implementing successful ecosystem‐based conservation management.
Genome‐wide association study and genomic prediction for growth traits in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) using insertion and deletion markers
Authors: Zhang Chong , Zhang Yonghang , Liu Cong , Wang Lingyu , Dong Yani , Sun Donglei , Wen Haishen , Zhang Kaiqiang , Qi Xin , Li Yun
Published: October 2024

Spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is a species of significant economic importance in aquaculture. However, genetic degeneration, such as declining growth performance, has severely impeded industry development, necessitating urgent genetic improvement. Here, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction for growth traits using insertion and deletion (InDel) markers, and systematically compared the results with our previous studies using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 97 significant InDels including a 6 bp insertion in an exon region were identified. It is worth noting that only 5 and 1 candidate genes for DY and TS populations were also detected in previous GWAS using SNPs, and numerous novel genes including c4b, fgf4, and dnajb9 were identified as vital candidate genes. Moreover, several novel growth‐related procedures, such as the growth and development of the bone and muscle, were also detected. These findings indicated that InDel‐based GWAS can provide valuable complement to SNP‐based studies. The comparison of genomic predictive performance for total length trait under different marker selection strategies and genomic selection models indicated that GWAS selection strategy exhibits more stable predictive performance compared to the evenly selection strategy. Additionally, support vector machine model demonstrated better predictive accuracy and efficiency than traditional best linear unbiased prediction and Bayes models. Furthermore, the superior predictive performance using InDel markers compared to SNP markers highlighted the potential of InDels to enhance genomic predictive accuracy and efficiency. Our results carry significant implications for dissecting genetic mechanisms and contributing genetic improvement of growth traits in spotted sea bass through genomic resources.
Structural Effect of N‐7 Alkylation in 6‐Chloropurine on Cu (II) Binding: Effect of Anions and Magnetic Studies
Authors: Jyoti Panda Subhra , Kumar Agrawalla Suraj , Shekhar Purohit Chandra
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the anion‐directed assembly of discrete copper (II) complexes. The ligands of choice are two N7‐alkyl‐purine‐based neutral ligands. These ligands facilitate the exclusive coordination through the N3 and N9 positions, preventing polymeric chain formation. Perchlorate ions promoted the formation of discrete paddlewheel‐like complexes with the general formula [Cu2(μ‐Pur)4(CH3CN)2]4+, while chloride ions yielded chloride‐bridged dimers of the form [Cu2(Pur)2(μ‐Cl)2Cl2]. Copper‐copper bond distances within these complexes ranged from 2.92 to 2.98 Å. Magnetic susceptibility measurement of chloride‐bridged complexes exhibited antiferromagnetic coupling, whereas paddlewheel complexes displayed more complex alternating ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Chloride‐bridged compounds exhibited strong near‐infrared absorption.
Fast updating of stimulus history reveals weak internal representations of faces in autism
Authors: Hartston Marissa , Lulav‐Bash Tal , Goldstein‐Marcusohn Yael , Avidan Galia , Hadad Bat‐Sheva
Published: October 2024

Atypical perception has been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders, and deficits in face recognition, specifically, are argued to be closely associated with social impairment experienced by these individuals. However, it is still debated (a) whether deficits are perceptually based, and (b) what the role is of experience‐based refinements of perceptual face representations in autism. We investigated the effect of short‐ and long‐term experienced stimulus history on face processing. Autistic and non‐autistic individuals performed same‐different judgments in a serial discrimination task where two consecutive faces were drawn from a distribution of morphed faces. Use of stimulus statistics was measured by testing the gravitation of face representations towards, the mean of a range of morphed faces around which they were sampled (regression‐to‐the‐mean). The results show that unlike non‐autistic individuals, representations of own‐ and other‐race faces were equally biased by stimulus statistics in autistic individuals. Moreover, autistic individuals used the most recently exposed faces without forming a strong internal representation based on the overall experienced faces, indicating a weaker internal model of the “typical” averaged face. This accumulated history of faces may underlie typical face specialization, and thus may account for the reduced specialization for own‐race faces shown in autism. The results shed light on the way autistic people process and recognize faces, and on the basic mechanisms underlying atypical face perception.
Decoding the impact of firm‐level ESG performance on financial disclosure quality
Authors: Ferdous Lutfa Tilat , Rana Tarek , Yeboah Richard
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on financial disclosure quality as measured by disaggregated financial statements (FSDQ), using data from US‐listed companies between 2002 and 2021. We find a positive association between ESG performance and FSDQ quality, suggesting that improved ESG performance is linked to enhanced disclosure quality and accountability and that managerial competence and strong organizational culture accentuate this relationship. Further analysis shows a stronger link between firms with high‐quality accounting practices and good financial reporting readability, whereas complex financial reporting weakens this relationship. Our findings remain valid when alternative measures of key variables are used, and under propensity score analysis, Heckman's two‐stage estimation, and cross‐lagged and entropy balancing techniques, ensuring the analysis is robust and reliable. Overall, our findings provide important new insights into ESG performance, suggesting it fosters enhanced disclosure and accountability to stakeholders.
Manganese Complex‐Gold Nanoparticle Hybrid for Biofilm Inhibition and Eradication
Authors: Zeng Tian , Liu Jie , Wah Cheung Cham , Li Youzhi , Jia Han , Ming Tse Edmund Chun , Li Ying
Published: October 2024

Biofilms, which are resistant to conventional antimicrobial treatments, pose significant challenges in medical and industrial environments. This study introduces manganese complex‐gold nanoparticles (Mn‐DPA‐AuNPs) as a hybrid strategy for biofilm inhibition and eradication. Upon exposure to green light, these nanoparticles significantly enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. This activity substantially reduces the regrowth potential of the surviving bacteria within the biofilm, with marked efficacy noted in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. This study highlights the potential of integrating manganese complexes with gold nanoparticles to develop advanced antimicrobial agents against resistant biofilms, offering a promising approach to enhance microbial control in diverse settings.
Atrial fibrillation versus non‐atrial fibrillation coronary embolism
Authors: Vera Alberto , Lanaspa Arturo , Jiménez Octavio , Navarro Adela , Basurte María Teresa , Beunza Maite , Ciriza Mercedes , Basterra Nuria , Sadaba Rafael , Ruiz‐Quevedo Valeriano , Álvarez Virginia
Published: October 2024

Background

Coronary embolism (CE) is an uncommon cause of non‐atherosclerotic acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the main cause of CE, evidence of clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic, angiographic findings and outcomes of AF CE is lacking.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 85 consecutive patients with CE that was diagnosed based on criteria encompassing clinical, angiographic and diagnostic imaging findings. We classified patients according to AF CE or non‐AF CE.

Results

Forty‐five patients presented with AF CE (53%). Patients with AF CE were older (76 ± 12 vs. 63 ± 14 years; p < 0.001) and had more often chronic kidney disease (24% vs. 5%; p = 0.01). AF CE had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at admission (59 ± 18 vs. 77 ± 16 ml/min/1.73 m2; p < 0.001) and higher brain natriuretic peptide levels (512 ± 417 vs. 210 ± 479 pg/ml; p = 0.02). Coronary arteriography revealed a higher incidence of coronary artery obstruction in the AF CE group (73% vs. 38%; p = 0.001) without differences in interventional management. The AF CE group showed higher left atrial volume index (LAVI) (42 ± 15 vs. 25 ± 12 ml/m2; p < 0.001) and showed lower left atrium ejection fraction (LAEF) (32 ± 17 vs. 49 ± 17%; p = 0.001). In the multivariable analysis AF CE (OR 10 [95% CI 1.04–95; p = 0.046]) and LAEF (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.88–0.99; p = 0.02]) were associated with worse in‐hospital outcomes. Moreover, in the multivariable analysis, prior stroke (OR 12.5 [95% CI 1.1–137; p = 0.04]) and LAVI (OR 1.1 [95% CI 1.03–1.14; p = 0.003]) were independently associated with worse long‐term outcomes.

Conclusion

AF CE has specific characteristics compared to non‐AF‐CE and it is associated with more in‐hospital events. Furthermore, atrial cardiopathy is associated with worse in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes in this setting.
Triple therapy approach for treating chromoblastomycosis in a Lebanese patient
Authors: Khodeir Joe , Ohanian Paul , Megarbane Hala Abi Rached
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Chromoblastomycosis, though rare in non‐endemic regions like Lebanon, should be considered in patients presenting with chronic, verrucous skin lesions unresponsive to conventional therapies. Multimodal treatment combining oral antifungals, cryotherapy, and adjunctive topical 5‐Fluorouracil demonstrates efficacy in managing refractory cases. Follow‐up visits three and 6 months after treatment cessation showed sustained lesion clearance and no recurrence.
Sturge weber syndrome: A case report
Authors: Karn Mitesh , Barma Aachal , Ojha Liladhar , Bhatta Suman , Neupane Puja , Dhital Kusum , Sharma Anjan , Acharya Suraj , Unika K. C. , Barma Asmita , Mahato Devraj , Rawal Gunjana
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

This report presents a 14‐year‐old male with seizures and facial port‐wine stains, who upon further evaluation was found to have SWS. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment of Sturge–Weber syndrome in children are essential to prevent seizures and improve quality of life. Anti‐seizure medications play a crucial role in preventing and controlling seizures.
Impact of Dual Functionalities of Mo‐Doped BiFeO3 Decorated with Bi4MoO9 Heteroatoms for Piezo‐Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Huang Suchen , Jiang Yue , Mofarah Sajjad S. , Zhou Shujie , Zheng Xiaoran , Guan Peiyuan , Yao Yin , Fang Xueqing , Xue Kaili , Wong Vienna , Huang Yu‐Chun , Scott Jason , Wang Danyang , Sorrell Charles C. , Koshy Pramod
Published: October 2024

Piezocatalysts have shown great promise for effcient hydrogen generation. However, their application is limited by the rapid charge recombination and sluggish charge transfer rate of piezo‐induced charge carriers. This work aims to address the preceding limitations by controlled synthesis of a representative piezocatalyst, BiFeO3 doped with Mo atoms and decorated with Bi4MoO9 (BMO) heteroatoms using sol‐gel method. The substitutional doping of Mo on BFO (BFMO) was shown to induce a shallow energy level near the conduction band that acted as a trapping state, to suppress recombination of charge carriers, enhance charge mobility for transport to the surface, modulate band alignment, and lower the energy barrier for surface reaction. The formation of BFMO/BMO heterostructures induced electrical band bending, leading to the electric potential gradient, hence promoting charge carrier separation and transfer. The BFMO/BMO with 0.5 mol % Mo (Mo‐5) demonstrated four times faster piezocatalytic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation rate (k of 0.032 min−1) compared to pristine BFO (0.009 min−1). Further, the Mo‐5 exhibited a 45% higher piezocatalytic H2 production rate (14.4 µmol/g/h) compared to pristine BFO (9.8 µmol/g/h) while being cocatalyst‐free. Coupling piezocatalysis with photocatalysis was found to reduceperformance relative to the individual processes, which is attributed to Auger recombination which impedes any potential synergistic effect.
Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Based on Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Tang Xi‐Cheng , Ding Zhu , Wang Zi‐Hao , Arif Nayab , Chen Yu‐Yan , Li Luyan , Zeng Yu‐Jia
Published: October 2024

Utilizing solar energy for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has been extensively regarded as a promising avenue towards renewable nitrogen energy production. 2D materials, renowned for their unique structures and properties, have sparked remarkable advancements in the realm of energy and environment sciences. In this review, we delve into the recent advancements pertaining to 2D materials for solar‐driven photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. This encompasses a diverse array of materials, including metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs or TMDCs), graphitized carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and covalent triazine‐based frameworks (CTFs). We offer a fundamental understanding of the functionalities exhibited by various 2D materials in enhancing photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity. The photocatalytic properties of these 2D materials are meticulously examined from multiple perspectives, including visible light absorption capabilities, charge transfer within the energy band, and reaction mechanisms. Finally, we present an in‐depth discussion on the existing challenges and prospects surrounding the application of 2D materials in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.
Introducing the discrimination model for acceptance and commitment therapy supervision
Authors: Finch Leah , Gutierrez Daniel , Dorais Stephanie
Published: October 2024

The Discrimination Model for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Supervision represents a combined model that integrates six core processes of acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) with the multi‐dimensional structure of the Discrimination Model (DM). Based on empirical evidence of ACT and DM, respectively, we present guidelines and case vignettes to demonstrate the implementation of DMACTS in counselor supervision.
Mechanistic Insights into the Effect of Sodium Iodide on Copper‐Mediated Iododeboronation
Authors: Kondo Yuto , Kimura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Mamiko , Hattori Yasunao , Kawashima Hidekazu , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Yasui Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

The copper‐catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam (CEL) coupling reaction advances carbon–heteroatom cross‐coupling and has facilitated the development of radiohalogenation methodologies in radiochemistry. This study investigated the mechanisms and side reactions of CEL iodination under conditions relevant to radiosynthesis and typical organic synthesis, focusing on the effects of sodium iodide. The concentrations of copper and iodide, as well as the copper‐to‐iodide ratio, were identified as significant factors for successful copper‐mediated CEL iodination, influencing the reaction mechanisms and side reactions. Excess iodide relative to the copper salt led to the formation of poorly soluble iodinated copper(I) complexes that competed with that of the desired aryl iodide. Additionally, the predominant copper complex involved in the catalytic cycle differed between the early and late stages of the reaction, depending on the copper‐to‐iodide ratio. The results of this study indicate that the specialized radiosynthesis conditions meet the requirements for efficient CEL iodination. In particular, an extremely low concentration of iodide is optimal for CEL iodination. These in‐depth mechanistic insights not only provide a detailed comparison of CEL iodination across radiochemistry and synthetic organic chemistry but can also inspire the development of novel (radio)iodination methods.
Pulsed‐Field Ablation in Management of Ventricular Tachycardia: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Askarinejad Amir , Kohansal Erfan , Sabahizadeh Amirreza , Hesami Hamed , Adimi Sara , Haghjoo Majid
Published: October 2024

Background

Pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) is a cutting‐edge technique that employs non‐thermal energy to cause cell death by inducing irreversible electroporation of cell membranes. This systematic review evaluates the PFA effectiveness as a potential alternative to radiofrequency and cryo‐ablation for treating ventricular tachycardia.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched using keywords related to ventricular tachycardia and pulsed‐field ablation. Eligible Studies evaluating this therapeutic approach for ventricular tachycardia were included in the final analysis.

Results

We included six studies (five case reports and one case series) in our systematic review. Eight (88.8%) of procedures were successful with 100% long‐term efficacy. No procedural complications or ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrence were observed in the cases.

Conclusion

The absence of complications, high effectiveness, and long‐term success rate make PFAs a good VT treatment option. However, PFA safety and efficacy studies for VT treatment are scarce. Thus, larger investigations on this topic are urgently needed.
NIR Enhanced pH‐Responsive Microneedles for Synergetic Therapy of Melanoma
Authors: Han Weiqiang , Yu Lan , Liu Zhuo , Wang Chaofan , Zhang Qi , Li Hongjuan , Xu Yongqian , Liu Fengyu , Sun Shiguo
Published: October 2024

Melanoma has emerged as a significant threat to human life and health. Microneedle (MN)‐mediated transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has garnered attention in melanoma treatment for bypassing the first‐pass effect. However, the propensity of melanoma to metastasize presents substantial challenges for MN mediated local treatment. Developing systemic therapies, such as immunotherapy in combination with TDD, is crucial for achieving effective melanoma treatment. Herein, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MN‐mediated multifunctional TDD system, designated MN@PDA@1‐MT/CUR/DOX@HA (MN@PMCDH), was developed for synergetic chemotherapy/photothermal/immunotherapy of melanoma. PMCDH nanomedicines penetrate deep skin layers through MNs, accumulate at tumor sites guided by hyaluronic acid (HA), and selectively release drugs in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment and near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation. Released curcumin (CUR) significantly enhances the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy, as well as improves the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) by increasing melanoma sensitivity to polydopamine (PDA)‐mediated photothermal effects and doxorubicin (DOX). Moreover, the incorporation of 1‐methyltryptophan (1‐MT) to reverse the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment can further enhance the effects of immunotherapy. In vitro studies revealed that the MN@PMCDH system can effectively induce ICD and inhibit tumor cell growth. Additionally, remarkable deep tumor cell inhibition effects are also achieved in 3D tumor models.
Theoretical Study on Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds of Flavonoid Cocrystals
Authors: Zhang Lisha , Gao Wei , Su Li , He Wenying , Wang Yize , Hu Minghui , Liu Zixi , Liu Yanling , Feng Huajie
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the formation of cocrystals involving flavonoid molecules, focusing on three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): chrysin (CHR), isoliquiritigenin (ISO), and kaempferol (KAE). These APIs form cocrystals with different cocrystal formers (CCFs) through intramolecular hydrogen bonding. We found that disruption of these intramolecular hydrogen bonds leads to decreased stability compared to molecules with intact bonds. The extrema of molecular electrostatic potential surfaces (MEPS) show that flavonoid molecules with disrupted intramolecular hydrogen bonds have stronger hydrogen bond donors and acceptors than those with intact bonds. Using the artificial bee colony algorithm, dimeric structures of these flavonoid molecules were explored, representing early‐stage structures in cocrystal formation, including API‐API, API‐CCF, and CCF‐CCF dimers. It was observed that the number and strength of dimeric interactions significantly increased, and the types of interactions changed when intramolecular hydrogen bonds were disrupted. These findings suggest that disrupting intramolecular hydrogen bonds generally hinders the formation of cocrystals. This theoretical study provides deeper insight into the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the cocrystal formation of flavonoids.
A Latent Class Analysis on Indicators of Early Prolonged Grief Disorder and Well‐Being Among Dutch Adults Bereaved During the First Year of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Reitsma Lyanne , Mooren Trudy M. , Mouthaan Joanne , Van Hoof Marie‐José , Groen Simon P. N. , Van Dijk Iris , Lotzin Annett , Boelen Paul A. , Lenferink Lonneke I. M.
Published: October 2024

Most studies examining prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in people bereaved during the COVID‐19 pandemic are focused on psychopathology. However, mental health encompasses both absence of psychopathology and presence of well‐being. This is the first study examining symptom profiles of early PGD and subjective mental well‐being in 266 Dutch adults recently bereaved during the pandemic. Early PGD and well‐being indicators were assessed with the Traumatic Grief Inventory–Self Report Plus and the World Health Organization–Five Well‐Being Index, respectively. Latent class analysis identified four classes: low PGD/high well‐being (32%), low PGD/moderate well‐being (24%), moderate PGD/high well‐being (23%) and high PGD/low well‐being class (21%). People in the poorer mental health classes were more likely to be female, lower educated, suffering from a mental disorder, have a poor health status, closer kinship to the deceased, and higher risk of severe COVID‐19. Classifying adults according to symptom profiles of negative and positive outcomes provides a more complete picture of mental health in bereaved people and offers potential intervention targets.