bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of open fractures of the lower limb during the COVID-19 pandemic: are the standards of treatment being maintained? A study from a major trauma centre in England
Authors: Choudhary Rajan , Gupta Madhumita , Huq Shahidul , Maamoun Wareth
Published: August 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has created an immense strain on the NHS. During the height of the pandemic, trauma services were affected by redeployment, reduced theatre capacity and staff illness, and COVID BOAST guidelines were introduced.

Methods: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the standards of management of open fractures of the lower limb at a Major Trauma Centre in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare the same with the pre-pandemic period. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, timing and mechanism of initial debridement and definitive soft tissue and skeletal fixation were noted. Outcomes including duration of hospital stay, 30 day and 1 year mortality were also assessed.

Results: There was an overall 21% reduction in admissions with open lower limb fractures during the pandemic period with a 48% reduction during the first lockdown. There was a significant reduction in time taken from Emergency Department presentation to first debridement as well as a notable increase in operating outside of regular theatre hours. There was little difference in operative technique used for skeletal or soft tissue management at initial and definitive surgery, though fewer cases were performed as a two stage procedure. There was no difference in amputation rate in the two years. Length of stay was reduced from 21 days to 17, and 30 day mortality remained the same.

Conclusions: Our study shows this Major Trauma Centre was able to provide a trauma service in accordance to the BOAST4 guidelines despite the increased pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Biorefinery via Catalytic Upgraded Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass
Authors: Trifirò Ferruccio
Published: August 2021

Energy can be produced from biomass by biochemical, biological and thermal process. Pyrolysis is a thermal process that operate at temperature between 400-600C in absence of oxygen or with very low amount, to produce a bio-oil, char and gas. The best technology is fast pyrolysis that produce higher amount of liquid bio-oil, particularly 75% of liquid, -at 500oC without oxygen, contact time lesser 2sec a drying of biomass till 10%, with dimension of particles of biomass of 3mm, using mainly bubbling fluid bed, However the bio-oil obtained with fast pyrolysis present a lot drawbacks: it presents a high amount of oxygen, high acidity, high viscosity, high moisture and chemical instability. Fast pyrolysis can be upgraded operating in the presence of a catalyst (in-situ) or with a downstream catalytic reactor to the that one of fast pyrolysis (ex situ). Besides it is possible upgrade the bio-oil transforming it in fuels and chemical products realizing the catalytic pyrolysis in presence of H2 (hydropyrolysis) or realizing hydrodeoxygenation reactions downstream the fast pyrolysis or using as reductants wastes from plastics, from rubber of tires or from organic wastes in order to realize a catalytic co-pyrolysis.
Opportunity for Revamping/Repowering of a Large Photovoltaic Plant in Sicily, a Case Study
Authors: Stefano Aneli , Roberta Arena , Gagliano Antonio , Sciuto Guido
Published: August 2021

The current Italian photovoltaic park begins to show significant underperformance in efficiency mainly due to degradation of the modules, component defects, incorrect design, construction and maintenance of the systems. Such criticisms have the highest occurrences for the older installations which have had to meet feed-in tariff deadlines. According to GSE data, in Italy at the end of 2013 about 11,000 photovoltaic systems of between 200 kW and 5000 MW were installed, for a total power of about 11.0 GW, the prospective of upgrading and improving these older plants becomes progressively significant to both producers and PV plant owners. To meet these new needs, the Italian Energy Service System Operator (GSE) has recently issued new directives for repowering that allow producers of photovoltaic energy to maintain and modernize their plants without losing incentives. To evaluate the opportunities deriving from the possibility of revamping existing plants, a case study on a PV plant built in Sicily for which significant production losses were found is presented. The total investment costs, estimated in approximately € 444,000, is based on a market survey and the advice of industry experts. Considering the residual incentive period still recognized equal to 13, the economic return on investment is expected 8th year of post-revamping. The possibility of making this type of operation compatible with the maintenance of incentives is, therefore, an opportunity to increase the efficiency and enhancement of the national photovoltaic park and at the same time a potentially advantageous investment for producers.
The Lockdown and Smart Working Effects on Electric Energy Consumption: The Analysis for a Group of Employees
Authors: Branchetti Samuele , Petrovich Carlo , Nigliaccio Giuseppe , Paolucci Fabrizio
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of smart working: the working activity carried out also outside the office and not only at the office. This has interesting consequences also on the energy sector, since it can decrease commuting consumption and shifts electric consumption from the tertiary to domestic sector. In this work the electric consumption performance of a (representative) group of 10 employees, working with classical office equipment, has been investigated. The variation of the electric load curves has been analyzed in the office and at home before, during and after the 2020 lockdown restrictions introduced by the Italian government. Consumption changes, with respect to the previous year, have been analyzed and discussed. The variations of the electric load curves affect, in case of adoption of PV (photovoltaic) panels, PV self-sufficiency and PV self-consumption. In the case considered, while the former does not vary significantly (with values of about 40-50%), the latter decreases, in case of the office building, from 44% to 24% and it increases, in case of households, from 32% to 50%. These consequences have to be taken into account when programming new PV plant installations.
Ventilation System Operation to Minimize the COVID-19 Airborne Transmission in Schools
Authors: Stabile Luca , Pacitto Antonio , Buonanno Giorgio , Dell’Isola Marco
Published: August 2021

Minimizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission is essential to face the COVID-19 pandemic. This is even more important for highly crowded indoor environments, e.g. schools, where the mitigation solutions based on social distancing and hand washing seem to be not effective to reduce the virus airborne transmission mode, which is the main route of transmission. To minimize the airborne virus transmission a proper ventilation is necessary. In the study, a simplified mass balance equation (box-model) was applied to school scenarios in order to determine the required conditions to maintain the infection risk below an acceptable level. In particular, the required air exchange rates for mechanically-ventilated classrooms and the adequate airing procedures for naturally ventilated classrooms were determined. Moreover, for naturally ventilated classrooms, a control strategy based on the measurement of CO2 indoor concentration was also developed.
Selecting Insulating Materials for Building Envelope: A Life Cycle Approach
Authors: Longo Surnam Sonia , Cellura Maurizio , Cusenza Maria Anna , Guarino Francesco , Marotta Ilaria
Published: August 2021

This paper aims at assessing the embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) of two building envelopes, designed for a two floors semi-detached house located in the Central Italy. The analysis is performed by applying the Life Cycle Assessment methodology, following a from cradle-to-gate approach. Fixtures (windows and doors), external and internal opaque walls, roof and floors (including interstorey floors) make the building envelopes. Their stratigraphy allows for achieving the thermal transmittance values established in the Italian Decree on energy performance of buildings. The two examined envelopes differ only for the insulation material: extruded expanded polystyrene (XPS) or cellulose fibers. The results shows that the envelope using cellulose fibers has better performance than that using XPS: it allows for reducing the embodied energy and the GHGs of about 13% and 9.3%, respectively. A dominance analysis allows to identify the envelope components responsible of the higher impacts and the contribution of the insulating material to the impacts. The study is part of the Italian research “Analysis of the energy impacts and greenhouse gas emissions of technologies and components for the energy efficiency of buildings from a life cycle perspective” funded by the Three-year Research Plan within the National Electricity System 2019-2021.
Numerical Analysis of the Performance of an Innovative Daylighting System Named Modified Double Light Pipe
Authors: Zazzini P. , Di Crescenzo A. , Giammichele R.
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on the performance of an innovative daylighting system named Modified Double Light Pipe (MDLP). It consists of a device integrating a Double Light Pipe (DLP) with a light shelf. The DLP has been created by the authors to enter daylight into two levels underground buildings. It involves an excessive bulk and the risk of glare in the passage environment. The MDLP is an attempt to solve these problems by coupling the DLP and the light shelf technologies. The authors used a numerical approach modeling the MDLP by the software Rhinoceros and simulating its performance by Grasshopper plugins Ladybug and Honeybee. After calibrating the software by the comparison between numerical and experimental data on the DLP, they carried out a numerical analysis on the MDLP in steady-state and dynamic conditions. In steady-state regime, the MDLP performs better than the DLP, giving quite a uniform illuminance distribution on the horizontal work plane. This is confirmed by the results of the dynamic analysis, carried out evaluating the metric Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA). Moreover, the risk of glare is avoided by the MDLP, thanks to the presence of the light shelf that prevents the observer from seeing the device directly.
Dmytro Pospiekhov: Philosopher, Psychologist, Theologist (to the 200th Anniversary)
Authors: Tkachuk Maryna
Published: August 2021

The article dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Dmytro Vasyliovych Pospiekhov (1821–1899), a philosopher, psychologist, theologian and translator, for the first time in the scientific literature, highlights the milestones of his academic biography and more than 50 years (1845–1899) of professor’s tenure at the Department of Philosophy of Kyiv Theological Academy. Based on the analysis of a significant array of printed sources and archival documents, memories of colleagues and students of Dmytro Pospiekhov, the content and specifics of his educational, administrative, editorial and publishing, translation activities at the Academy were revealed for the first time; his important role in the training of professional philosophers, the development of philosophical education and the spread of philosophical knowledge in the East Slavic territories was proven. Paying special attention to Dmytro Pospiekhov’s methods of teaching of philosophical disciplines, the author emphasizes his lecturing methodology, innovative for the theological academies of the time, as well as the heuristic, religious, educational, and moral impact on the students. A special emphasis is placed on Dmytro Pospiekhov’s scientific and editorial activities, his biographical and bibliographic studies, his role in the preservation and studying of the heritage of prominent philosophers and theologians of Kyiv Theological Academy of the 1820s‒1840s: Archpriest Ivan Skvortsov (1795‒1863), Archimandrite Theophanes (Petro Avseniev, 1810‒1852), Sylvestr Hohotskyi (1813‒1889). Analyzing Dmytro Pospiekhov’s printed works for the first time, the author reveals the content and significance of his theological and philosophical study of the Book of Wisdom, which emphasizes the direct connection of this Judaic source to the philosophical teachings of Philo of Alexandria, Plato, and the Stoics. The author also draws attention to the significant research potential of Dmytro Pospiekhov’s manuscript heritage, linking it with the study of the prospects of determining his role in the development of psychological science in theological academies and the expansion of modern scientific ideas about the content and specifics of teaching of philosophical disciplines in Kyiv of the second half of the 19th Century.
Philosophical Representations of Self in the Epic of Homer and the Phantasmagoric Poem of Dante
Authors: Lyuty Taras
Published: August 2021

The article is an attempt at a philosophical interpretation of the literary text. Its task is to identify the principles of the human self, which are presented in classical literature, in Homer’s “Iliad” and “Odyssey” and Dante’s “Divine Comedy”. The study provides an analysis of the archetypal narrative structure to which the model of human development with three components (individual, person, personality) is applied. The correspondence of the heroes to this typology, which is not the final measure of the human, but resembles the “ideal types” according to Max Weber, has been traced in the research. The dynamics of the development of the inner world of a human being, which corresponds to the plot of the journey, is analyzed. That is not a journey only in physical space, but an inner path too that a person overcomes in a gradual process of self-awareness. It has been found that the works of Homer and Dante can be interpreted as not implying a developed and independent personality. On the other hand, the characters demonstrate the key factors of change that occur within the one who forms the traits of self-sufficiency. The study succeeds in constructing a psychological map that allows outlining not a stable type, but rather different personality horizons. There are certain human aspirations of the man to be the creator of the self. However, such motivations involve not only a number of arbitrary manifestations of human beings but also the establishment of a measure for themselves. Initially, these intentions are carried out without self-absorption, reflection, and self-assessment. After all, unrestrained and unbalanced human temperament for a long time remains subject to higher (divine) forces and is significantly limited by this supreme power. Nevertheless, a human eventually comes to the need for self-knowledge and establishes a balance between rational and unconscious manifestations. People succeed in getting out of the circle of self-forgetfulness by overcoming various forms of alienation, loneliness, narcissism, self-contradiction, negligence, arrogance. Self-control is achieved by truth about oneself, overcoming fear, recognizing the effects of temptation and passion. The human attitude to the Other becomes possible due to freedom and love as cardinal manifestations of the active component of the self
Thermal insulation efficiency for underground structures in permafrost
Authors: Galkin Alexandr
Published: August 2021

In continuation of the previously published research results (Energy Safety and Energy Economy, iss. 1, 2021), the current study investigates thermal insulation efficiency for underground structures in permafrost conditions. Thermal insulation experiences the influence of various factors affecting its efficiency. For the purpose of this research, said efficiency was evaluated by intensity of heat flow from air to the ground. The non-stationary heat transfer coefficient, the so-called Kirpichev number, reflects for heat flow intensity. The 3D diagrams show the results of the study with a large data coverage for proper evaluation of thermal insulation efficiency of underground structures in permafrost. The results confirm that thermal insulation can be considered effective both for short-term and long-term underground workings.
Network controller-based remote monitoring and control of power plants over the Internet
Authors: Krotova Elena , Sultanov Emil Vugar Ogly
Published: August 2021

Internet-based monitoring brings new capabilities and unprecedented access to process power equipment monitoring and control. In this paper, we present an advanced network controller-based remote monitoring and control system for power plants, for example gas engine units. This advanced system processes and displays information, transmits it over the network, and sends control commands to remote equipment. This system is able to help lower cost of electric power generation, improve efficiency and reliability of a power plant and achieve its no-failure operation. We provide the detailed description of necessary equipment and describe all benefits of the mentioned system.
Optimization of design solutions for large overhead line water crossings
Authors: Shevchenko Natalia , Soshinov Anatoly , Lebedeva Yulia
Published: August 2021

Safety, reliability, and transmission capacity are crucial for overhead power line waterway crossings. This paper reflects research results of multi-criteria optimization of a projected 220kV overhead line crossing across the Kama river. Five overhead line crossing options have been compared. These options differ by types of wires to be used, including ACSR, TACSR/ACS, ААСSRZ (ВП), АССС, and АСk2y wires. The additive convolution method has been used for selecting the best available option. A multi-criteria analysis has been simplified by one certain supercriterion. As a result, the option with АССС type wires was determined as the most efficient and promising. The АСk2y wires option was the secondary option.
Comparison of the Mental Status of COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit and General Intensive Care Unit Staff
Authors: ÇELİK Fatma , DAĞLI Recai
Published: August 2021

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may predispose front-line intensive care staff to experience mental health problems. The aim of this study was to compare the COVID-19 fear experienced by COVID-19 intensive care unit staff and general intensive care unit staff, and the effects of this fear on mental health.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 156 participants, 90 (57.7%) participants from the COVID-19 intensive care unit and 66 (42.3%) from the general intensive care unit, were included. A printed questionnaire consisting of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and demographic data were used.
Results: Female gender, being a nurse, and working in COVID-19 intensive care unit, were associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores. A significant relationship was found between fear of COVID-19 and depression (ρ=0.399, p=0.044), anxiety (ρ=0.456, p=0.019), and stress (ρ=0.418, p=0.033). Furthermore, as compared to general intensive care unit staff, COVID-19 intensive care unit staff who may have high-risk contact were approximately twice times more likely to experience anxiety and fear of COVID-19 and 3.5 times more likely to suffer from depression and stress.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the mental health of intensive care staff. Attention should be paid to the mental health of females and nurses working in the COVID-19 intensive care unit. The mental health of intensive care workers should be supported to protect the health workforce.
Investigation of the Usability of CT in Clinical Decision Making by Comparing COVID-19 Positive and Probable Patients Diagnosed According to CT Imaging Findings
Authors: TEKİN Erdal , BAYRAKTAR Mustafa , GÜR Ali , OZLU İbrahim
Published: August 2021

Aim: In this study, the usability of thoracic computed tomography (CT) in clinical decision making was investigated by comparing laboratory results of patients with probable and definite coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis according to CT imaging features.
Material and Methods: Within the scope of this single-center retrospective clinical study, data of possible and definite cases of COVID-19 were scanned from the hospital electronic database and patient files. Laboratory and CT imaging results of the patients were obtained. Patients were divided into two groups as positive and negative according to their CT imaging results, and compared.
Results: Of the 995 patients included in the study, 57% (n=567) were male, and the mean age was 45.7±20.2 years. It was found that 65.1% (n=648) of the patients had positive CT. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result was found positive in 22.2% (n=144) of the CT positive patients, and 32.0% (n=111) of the CT negative patients, and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, it was determined that C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count, ferritin, procalcitonin, D-dimer, lactate and RT-PCR were statistically significant with CT positivity.
Conclusion: In this study, COVID-19 positive and probable patients were compared according to thoracic CT findings and the usability of CT for clinical decision making was investigated. It has been determined that thorax CT can be used to initiate the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with negative RT-PCR test results but positive CT findings and high biochemical parameters such as CRP, D-dimer, ferritin and lactate.
Evaluation of Alexithymia, Anger and Temperament Features in Insomnia Patients with Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: AYDIN SÜNBÜL Esra , ŞEN GÖKÇEİMAM Pınar , ÜSTÜNDAĞ Mehmet , TAŞTEKİN Nihal , MAYDA DOMAÇ Füsun , GÜLEÇ Hüseyin
Published: August 2021

Aim: One of the most common sleep disorders is insomnia, and it is also an independent risk factor related to sexual dysfunction (SD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the anger parameters, temperament parameters, and alexithymia in insomnia patients with SD.
Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 92 patients diagnosed with insomnia according to the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. The sociodemographic data form, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Toronto Structured Interview for Alexithymia (TSIA), Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) were applied to the patients.
Results: While 62 patients had SD, 30 patients had no SD. ISI, PSQI, anger in score were significantly higher in patients with SD (p=0.048, p=0.007, p=0.032, respectively). While depressive and anxious temperament was significantly higher in patients with SD (p=0.026, p=0.008, respectively), hyperthymic temperament was significantly higher in patients without SD (p=0.013). ISI score, depressive, and anxious temperament were significantly correlated with the ASEX score (r=0.214, p=0.041; r=0.261, p=0.012; r=0.286, p=0.007, respectively). Linear regression revealed that depressive, cyclothymic, and irritable temperaments were predictors of ISI (p=0.001). According to logistic regression, hyperthymic temperament was an independent predictor of SD (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Psychological factors should also be considered in studies conducted on the relationship between insomnia and SD. Further research is needed on temperament characteristics, alexithymia and anger issues. Thus, patients can be approached more comprehensively.
α-bisabolol Exerts Anti-inflammatory Action and Ameliorates Collagen-induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Gao Xi , Zhang Yanli , Wang Wentao , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Chen , Lou Hongjun
Published: August 2021

Background: Development of synovial hypertrophy, articular tissue inflammation and tenderness in joints is the characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs that are derived from natural sources which target inflammation with reduced side-effects receive much attention. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the anti-arthritic effects of α-bisabolol, a natural chamomile essential oil and also an anti-inflammatory molecule on the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods: Animal model of CIA was established and orally administered with α-bisabolol (100 mg/kg) or vehicle and the pathological and inflammatory parameters were evaluated. Result: The results of the present findings indicate that α-bisabolol treatment ameliorates CIA-induced inflammation via inhibiting the proteases and inflammatory mediators suggesting that α-bisabolol may be a potential candidate against arthritis inflammations.
Los asentamientos Ticuna de hoy en la ribera del río Amazonas colombiano
Authors: Riaño Umbarila Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

Este artículo describe la configuración actual de los asentamientos de población Ticuna en la ribera del río Amazonas colombiano. Un asentamiento Ticuna, esta conformado por dos sectores claramente establecidos, el primero corresponde a la cabecera, lugar donde se localizan las viviendas y las pequeñas infraestructuras estatales y el segundo corresponde al entorno de esta, donde se localizan las chagras o zonas de cultivo y los sitios de pesca, caza y recolección. La manera en que estos grupos han conformado sus asentamientos corresponde a las estructuras económica, social y político administrativa que han  desarrollado en respuesta a sus necesidades como grupo étnico, en contacto permanente con la otra cultura.
Opinión de los Geógrafos frente a los temas de actualidad
Authors: Geográfica Perspectiva
Published: August 2021

Los geógrafos opinan sobre temas de actualidad.
Zonificación forestal para especies multipropósito en la Cuenca Alta del río Bogotá. Estudio de caso: Villapinzón
Authors: Rodríguez Mojica Fernando
Published: August 2021

En el artículo se presentan los resultados más importantes de la investigación realizada en una región de la Cuenca Alta del río Bogotá, con el objeto de localizar las áreas que ofrecen mayor aptitud biofísica y socioeconómica para el establecimiento de especies forestales multipropósito, enmarcada dentro de la concepción de desarrollo sostenible.Con este propósito se utilizó el esquema de Evaluación de Tierras propuesto por la FAO, el cual permite determinar la adaptabilidad de diferentes tipos de tierra para un tipo de uso seleccionado, representada espacialmente mediante el proceso de zonificación donde se agrupan las áreas con similares condiciones de aptitud. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que en la región existe un importante número deunidades ambientales con buena aptitud biofísica para el establecimiento de las especies Laurel de cera y Uva camarona, pero la inclusión de parámetros socioeconómicos como el nivel de escolaridad y el acceso al crédito, reducen de manera significativa la aptitud integral de dichas tierras.
Cómo integrar los componentes biofísicos con los socioculturales y económicos en la caracterización y análisis espacial de los sistemas agrarios.Propuesta metodológica. Caso: municipio de Cota, Cundinamarca Sandra Lucía Ruiz Rodríguez
Authors: Ruiz Rodríguez Sandra Lucía
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo expone de manera sucinta una propuesta metodológica para caracterizar y analizar espacialmente los sistemas agrarios. Esta metodología ha sido aplicada para el caso de los sistemas agrarios del municipio de Cota. La importancia de esta metodología radica en que logra a través del enfoque sistémico integrar operativamente los  componentes y factores físicos, bióticos y socioculturales para conocer y entender la estructura, función y manejo de los sistemas agrarios. Así mismo, permite clasificar y representar espacialmente unidades sociales homogéneas y unidades socioeconómicas, que posteriormente se integran a las condiciones biofísicas para lograr representar espacial e integralmente los diferentes sistemas que se presentan en un espacio agrario, en particular en el municipio de Cota.
Indicaciones para presentación de artículos para la revista Perspectiva Geográfica
Authors: Geográfica Perspectiva
Published: August 2021

Indicaciones para presentación de artículos para  la revista Perspectiva Geográfica
GENETIC PREDICTORS OF SEVERITY AND EFFICACY OF COVID-19 PHARMACOTHERAPY
Authors: Shishimorov I. N. , Magnitskaya O, V. , Ponomareva Yu. V.
Published: August 2021

The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) has changed many aspects of our lives and initiated numerous studies aimed at finding the factors that determine different courses of this infectious disease. The studies aimed at finding predictors of the severe course of this novel coronavirus infection, as well as the factors that determine the efficacy and safety of this disease pharmacotherapy, are acquiring special social significance.

The aim of this work is to find and summarize information on genetic predictors of severe COVID-19, as well as pharmacogenetic aspects that determine the variability of the therapeutic response to the drugs recommended for COVID-19 treatment.

Materials and methods. The article provides a review of scientific results on the research of gene polymorphism that determine a body’s response to the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effects of pharmacotherapy for this disease, obtained from open and available sources within the period of 2019 – March 2021. The search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov; Elibrary, Scopus. The main search inquiries were: “predictors + severe course + COVID-19”, “genetic variations + COVID-19”, “pharmacogenetics + COVID-19”, “gene polymorphism + SARS-CoV-2”, “pharmacotherapy + gene polymorphism + COVID-19” in both Russian and English.

Results and conclusion. The exploratory research detailing the mechanisms of infecting with SARS-CoV-2, the variability of the disease severity and the individual characteristics of therapeutic responses to the drugs used, are being actively carried out by scientists all over the world. However, most of their scientific projects are diverse, and the possible predictors of a severe course of COVID-19 found in them, have not been confirmed or investigated in subsequent studies. A generalization of the individual studies results of the genetic predictors concerning COVID-19 severity and effectiveness of its pharmacotherapy, can become the basis for further search and increase the reliability of the data obtained in order to develop a strategy for preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection, to identify potential targets of the treatment, and develop the protocols for optimizing this disease pharmacotherapy.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF THE RUSSIAN BIOSIMILAR OMALIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA OF MODERATE TO SEVERE CLINICAL COURSES
Authors: Krysanova V. S. , Ermolaeva E. D. , Ermolaeva T. N. , Davydovskaya M. V. , Kokushkin K. A.
Published: August 2021

A certain success in the treatment of bronchial asthma is associated with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies into the treatment process. They made it possible to improve the control of the disease. A number of original genetically engineered biological drugs, such as benralizumab, reslizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab and omalizumab, are currently registered in Russia. In 2020, this list was supplemented by the first Russian biosimilar drug omalizumab – Genolar® (JSC Generium, Russia). High rates of the development of modern medicine are closely related to the use of biosimilars. The prescription of biosimilars today often makes it possible to provide a larger number of patients with modern drugs at lower costs.

The aim of the study was a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic assessment of the application of the domestic biosimilar drug omalizumab in the treatment of patients suffering from moderate and severe atopic bronchial asthma.

Materials and methods. At the first stage, an information search in the available databases (Cochrane Library, MedLine, Embase, eLIBRARY) was carried out. According to the results obtained, a meta-analysis (Agache I. et al.) was found out; within its framework, the efficacy and safety of the use of several monoclonal antibodies was assessed. Dupilumab was chosen as the reference drug. Pharmacoeconomic analyses were carried out using a “Cost-Minimization Analysis” (CMA) and a “Budget Impact Analysis” (BIA). Taking into account various options of bronchial asthma, the developed algorithm for providing medical care to adult patients with atopic asthma made it possible to assess the costs, including direct medical and indirect costs.

Results. The cost analysis demonstrated the advantage of using the Russian biosimilar omalizumab in patients with atopic asthma compared to dupilumab due to financial savings of up to 40%. The Budget Impact Analysis showed that the use of the domestic biosimilar omalizumab, even taking into account the annual increase in the number of patients (8%), will save up to 109,641,409.64 rubles (or 3%) compared to the current practice.

Conclusion. The use of the domestic biosimilar omalizumab in patients with moderate to severe atopic bronchial asthma is a clinically effective and economically justified approach to organizing medical care for adult patients in Russia.
Two New Synonyms in Indian Cryptocarya (Lauraceae)
Authors: Kumar Anand , Krishna Gopal , Chakrabarty Tapas
Published: August 2021

Cryptocarya burkillii M. Gangop. is reduced here as a synonym of C. ferrea Blume and it makes a new record to India. Similarly, C. sheikelmudiyana A.K.H. Bachan & P.K. Fasila is also synonymized under C. lawsonii Gamble.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny Reveal Three New Records of Wild Mushrooms from India in Lactarius Subgenus Russularia
Authors: Bera Ishika , Das Kanad
Published: August 2021

This paper is a contribution to the Indian mycobiota. During a routine macrofungal survey in the forested areas of Arunachal Pradesh, three members from Lactarius subg. Russularia i.e. L. ambiguus, L. hirtipes and L. kesiyae were collected. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations and nrITS-based phylogenetic estimation of these species are presented. All three species are reported for the first time from India.
Bryophytes of Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Rawat Krishna Kumar , Sahu Vinay , Paul Ramya Ranjan
Published: August 2021

On the basis of compilation of earlier reports and results of fresh exploration, the present work provides a list of 113 bryophyte taxa from Mount Abu, Rajasthan including 24 taxa as new to the Mount Abu area. Out of these, 14 are new records to Rajasthan state, while 07 taxa are new to Central Indian bryo-geographical region.
Notes on the Additions of Phaeophyceae from the Coastline of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Y. Aron Santhosh Kumar , M. Palanisamy
Published: August 2021

The crucial floristic reports of the members of Phaeophyceae (Brown seaweeds) from Andhra Pradesh are sporadic, inadequate and merely reported from Visakhapatnam district and remaining coastal areas are yet to be explored. Hence, the present attempt was engaged to investigate the occurrence of Phaeophyceae from 112 stations of coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh between March 2017 and August 2019. The current endeavours revealed occurrence of 27 species belonging to 12 genera of 6 families under 4 orders, out of which 15 species are reported as new distributional records to the algal flora of Andhra Pradesh. Each taxon is appended here with a brief description, time of occurrence and specimens examined.
Notes on Rediscovery, Typification and Threat Assessment of Veratrilla burkilliana (Gentianaceae) from Eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Lahiri Subhajit , Dash Sudhansu Sekhar
Published: August 2021

Veratrilla burkilliana (W.W. Sm.) Harry Sm. (Gentianaceae), hitherto known only from type locality has been rediscovered after at least a lapse of 108 years. Comments on its population and conservation status, distribution range and typification of the name Swertia burkilliana are provided, together with a distribution map where the threat status has been assessed as â€˜Endangeredâ€™. Field photographs of the species with dissected flowering parts are also been provided for its easy identification. This rediscovery highlights the importance of further fieldwork in poorly sampled and highly biodiverse regions of Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary and its neighbouring areas of East Sikkim, as well as emphasizes the urgent need for conservation of the highly threatened eastern Himalayan flora.
Enumeration of Vascular Plants of Kalesar National Park, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana
Authors: Shukla A. N. , Verma Durgesh , Srivastava S. K.
Published: August 2021

The present study enumerates 317 taxa, distributed under 256 genera and 80 families that have neen recorded from the Kalesar National Park situated in Yamuna Nagar district of Haryana state. Of these, 6 species under 6 genera and 6 families belong to Pteridophytes and 311 flowering plant species distributed over 250 genera are belonging to 74 families. A brief account on the vegetation types and threatened species found in the National Park has been discussed.
Antimicrobial and in vitro Efficacy of Green Silver Nanoparticles in Tissue Culture of Alhagi maurorum
Authors: Sehrawat Anita Rani , Malik Ashish , Sehrawat Krishan D. , Singh Anoop , Kumar Deepak
Published: August 2021

Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) from Alhagi maurorum used as disinfectant, and in callogenesis and organogenesis. Green SNPs 125 and 150 mg/l were the best for explants sterilization. 2.0 mg/l â€“ 6.0 mg/l SNPs when added in MS medium [(BAP (3.0mg/l) + NAA (0.2mg/l) + Kin (1.0 mg/l) + ascorbic acid 50.0 mg/l and 25 mg/l each of citric acid, arginine and adenine sulphate)] showed better calologenesis and organogenesis. Higher concentrations of SNPs resulted in decline of survival percentage, callus initiation and growth of cultured tissues.
Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Duarte Maria Eugenia Lamoglia , Marins Juliana Esposito
Published: August 2021

The aim of this article is twofold. In the first place, we present evidence that the syntactic change towards overt pronominal subjects observed in Brazilian Portuguese is not a stable phenomenon; rather, our empirical results allow to follow the parametric change in course and to identify the progressive loss of crucial properties related to ‘consistent’ null subject languages. The contrastive analysis with European Portuguese shows the stronger and the weaker structural contexts in this continuous battle towards the implementation of overt pronouns. Personal sentences (with definite and ‘indefinite’ – arbitrary and generic – subjects, usually referred as “impersonal”) are analyzed in more detail than those we consider impersonal sentences, which include a variety of structures, with climate, existential and unaccusative verbs, . They are, however, shown to have been deeply affected by the re-setting of the value of the Null Subject Parameter. Then, we will briefly compare Brazilian Portuguese with Finnish null subjects to conclude that Brazilian Portuguese does not seem to fit the group of the so called ‘partial’ null subject languages, which seem to exhibit null subjects in very restricted contexts, have a lexical expletive in apparent variation with null and generic subjects as well as in impersonal sentences, when it seems to be merged to avoid a verb-initial sentence.
BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING IN THE BUSINESS PROCESS OF HAJJ AND UMRAH REGISTRATION SERVICES (CASE STUDY: MINISTRY OF RELIGION IN BALIKPAPAN CITY)
Authors: Auliya Ridha , Prabowo I Putu Deny A.S.
Published: August 2021

The Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia is the Ministry within the Indonesian Government in charge of religious affairs. The Ministry of Religion in Balikpapan can serve in the fields of Education, Marriage, Waqf, Consultants on Household Issues, Mosque Construction, Hajj and others. The Ministry of Religion in the Field of Hajj and Umrah (PHU) Administrators as community organizers and facilitators who of course must behave professionally in serving, accompanying and assisting everything that is needed and prepared by prospective pilgrims before departure until returning to worship. Hajj and Umrah organizers as institutions within the ministry of religion certainly need to fulfill the demands of providing guidance. In this practical work, the special task carried out at the Ministry of Religion of the City of Balikpapan is to carry out Business Process Reengineering in the business process for Hajj registration services during the COVID-19 pandemic, so that the business process becomes more effective and efficient. Preparation of a Business Process with a Business Process Reengineering by providing additional activities and reducing activities. The addition of this activity for prospective pilgrims is proposed to first check the haj registration information on the kemenag.go.id website or asramahajibalikpapan.co.id. The information on the website is complete for community needs. So with the prospective pilgrims who can check Hajj registration information online, it can eliminate misunderstandings and the quality of service provided by the Ministry of Religion is already very good.
Succession Planning in Micro and Small Family Business (Case: Micro and Small Family Business in East Jakarta)
Authors: Pramudya Sakti Hendra
Published: August 2021

Family business studies are gaining a foothold in Indonesia. This organization is the most common type of firm throughout the world. Nonetheless, the low survival rate of family businesses may relate to the issue of management succession and the issue is still the principal challenge that they need to face. This study will focus on knowing the importance of succession planning for family business owners, especially those belonging to the micro and small business category. The study involved one hundred family business owners in East Jakarta as respondents of the survey. The study itself would be focused on the ground rules made by the incumbents during succession planning. The study has revealed that, generally, the majority of the sample does not have an appropriate plan of succession. The result also exhibits that the majority of respondents favoring nuclear family members as the future successor. Moreover, the homosocial reproduction phenomenon also could be identified from the survey.
Reperfusion Therapy for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Budihardjo Rosavelina Sintaasih , Subagjo Agus , Prajitno Subur
Published: August 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the world by killing 17,9 million people every year. The most frequent cardiovascular disease occurs as STEMI which related to the depiction of persistent depiction of EKG elevation with ST segment. This research is aiming for figure out the profile of reperfusion therapy at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: In this research, the data is collected using observation method, without any treatment applied with descriptive statistical analysis using table. The data collection techniques used is simple random sampling. Results: The STEMI patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya are dominated by referral patients (79,2%) from approximately 40 hospitals in East Java. Most of the patients were male, the ages between 51 – 60 years old with the most frequent risk factors was the combination of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking. The reperfusion therapy given was PCI with a door to balloon <120 minutes was 59.6%. Fibrinolytic that was done in <12 hours after onset was 82.9%. Patients with STEMI managed at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, had mortality rates around 12.2%. Conclusion: Most of the STEMI patients in Dr. Sutomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya was a referral patient and had sufficiently good PCI and fibrinolytic reperfusion therapy, resulting in a low mortality rate.
Simple Risk Stratification based on Killip Classification and the Six-minute Walk Test Borg Scale for Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome for Papuanese People in Rural Hospital
Authors: Alhamid Ahmad Zaid , Yulidia Herlina , Supriatna Intan Iriani
Published: August 2021

Background: Accurate risk stratification for untoward outcomes after acute coronary syndrome patients may help clinicians guide the type and intensity of therapy. Unfortunately, most of the Papuanese people face difficulties in accessing sophisticated medical treatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the simplest but most accurate risk stratification for ACS patients treated in rural hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital at Sorong Regency in West Papua Province. Fifteen unselected patients from September 2019 to March 2020 period with ACS were prospectively studied. All the data were collected from medical records. Results: Subject characteristics mostly were male (80%) and mean age was 54 years, (13,3%) subjects were age less than 45 years. The most diagnosed ACS type was STEMI (73,3%). Conclusion:In Papuanese patients with ACS in rural hospital, those at highest risk can be identified using Killip classification and The Six-minute Walk Test Borg Scale as short term predictor for ACS patients’ outcome.
A Suspected COVID-19-associated Myocarditis Case Mimicking Life-threatening STEMI: a Shark Fin Appearance
Authors: Tamba Ratna Mariana , Sitepu Andika
Published: August 2021

Some cases of myocarditis have been reported associated to Covid-19. The presence of proinflammatory response from immune cells suggested occurs by binding to membrane protein ACE-2 leading to myocardial damage. Our hospital got a refferal from a non-PCI-capable hospital with a 51-years-old woman chest pain and progressive heavy breath with history of fever two days ago. She was diagnosed with anterior STEMI and cardiogenic shock on vassopressors. Her electrocardiogram showed shark fin appearance suggesting life-threatening STEMI. Her rapid test for covid-19 are non-reactive for both IgM and IgG. Her NCCT-thorax showed ground glass opacity in both lungs. Her laboratories finding showed elevated inflammatory markers and elevated cardiac biomarker. We took her naso-oro-pharingeal swab in the same day and process her with emergency PCI. Surprisingly, her angiography showed normal coronary artery without any significant stenosis. From There was no SARS-CoV-2 detected. In myocarditis, patient can mimick the same symptoms as STEMI such as chest pain and heavy breath with elevated cardiac biomarker, but the electrocardiogram usually shows widespread concave ST-elevation with PR-segment depression. Shark fin appearance is usually seen in life-threatening STEMI. In our patient, the NCCT-thorax showed GGO suggested Covid-19 involvement. But, the first swab was negative for SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, the patient was discharged without doctor’s consent, so we can not process the second swab and echocardiography to evaluate the function of myocardium. We still can not confirmed this case if it is true myocarditis-associated covid-19 and how was the involvement of the myocardium creating a shark fin mimicking life-threatening STEMI.
A Historical Perspective on Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS) for Bowel Dysfunction
Authors: Weledji Elroy Patrick
Published: August 2021

Prevention of obstetric trauma from damage to the pelvic floor is not always possible and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) may be necessary later in life. Sacral nerve stimulation has been a promising innovation in the management of moderate to severe faecal incontinence and following sphincter repair failure. Although the indication spectrum for SNS is expanding, the success of neuromodulation for constipation is limited. Adverse events of SNS requiring re-intervention are not common but a long-term successful outcome may depend on interventions for maintenance of the device.