bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semi‐Flexible Immunobrushes Facilitate Effective and Selective Expansion of Antigen‐Specific T Cells
Authors: Gerrits Lotte , Weiss Lea , Grad Emilia M. , Schluck Marjolein , Maassen Lisa , Classens René , Archidi Chadia , Verdoes Martijn , Figdor Carl G. , Kouwer Paul H. J. , Hammink Roel
Published: December 2023

Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of cancer. Tumor‐antigen specific T cells are the main players in the clearance of cancerous cells, but generating large numbers is a major hurdle in clinical practice. One shortcoming of current expansion procedures is that the artificial presentation of T cell activating signals on rigid surfaces do not recapitulate the physiological presentation on a fluidic membrane. To address this, semi‐flexible poly(isocyanopeptide) (PIC) immunofilaments (IFs) are generated coated on micro‐sized magnetic beads (immunobrushes (IB)). IBs are functionalized with peptide‐loaded major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC, signal 1) and agonistic anti‐CD28 antibodies (αCD28, signal 2) to effectively expand and enrich antigen‐specific T cells. As a direct result of the immunobrush design, strong T cell activation and excellent tumor cell killing capacities are found. More importantly, high selectivity is demonstrated by strong expansion and enrichment of antigen‐specific T cells in a pool of non‐specific cells (93‐fold enrichment of antigen specific T cells in 7 days). The modular character of the immunobrush‐based strategy makes it a great platform for highly effective ACT‐based therapies.
“Kupffer Cell Teleportation” Strategy for Liver Fibrosis Alleviation Based on Hybrid Polymer‐ Bimetallic Sequential Delivery System
Authors: Qiu Zitong , Milichko Valentin A. , Zhou Yue , Jing Huaqing , Lu Qiang , Wang Haobo , Kang Bei , Wang Xinxing , Li Nan
Published: December 2023

Although direct hepatic stellate cell (HSC) inhibition is considered a promising strategy for alleviating liver fibrosis, traditional therapies struggle with off‐target effects due to limited penetration of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell barriers. This study reports on the development of a “Kupffer cell (KC) teleportation” strategy to treat liver fibrosis by fabricating a hybrid polymer‐bimetallic sequential delivery system, CF@BPPM (baicalin prodrug polymer [BP]/mannose derivative polymer [PM] encapsulated copper [Cu]‐iron [Fe] ultrasmall nanoparticles [CFs]). The nanosystems exhibit KCs targeting and acidic response sequential release properties by a hybrid polymer, which first releases CFs in lysosome after being internalized by KCs through a PM targeting effect. The exposed CFs efficiently scavenge reactive oxygen species in KCs and subsequently degrade Cu2+/ Fe2+ to upregulate the heme oxygenase expression for suppressing interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and platelet‐derived growth factors. Second, baicalin, released from BP in lysosome, further inhibits transforming growth factor beta secretion. These results suggest that CF@BPPM inhibits the inclusive cytokine secretion of KCs, which play a vital conductive role in liver fibrosis progression. Subsequently, CF@BPPM achieves protection against HSCs activation, migration, and collagen production, enriching anti‐liver fibrosis therapeutic methods by exploiting messaging between KCs and HSCs.
Fast Cycling Speed with Multimillion Cycling Endurance of Ultra‐Low Loss Phase Change Material (Sb2Se3) by Engineered Laser Pulse Irradiation
Authors: Alam Md Shah , Laing Ryan , Bolatbek Zhanibek , Heenkenda Remona , Gnawali Rudra , Payne Tamara E. , Sarangan Andrew , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Agha Imad
Published: December 2023

Programmable and reconfigurable photonics is revolutionized the next generation of Si/SiN‐based photonics processors, optical signal processing, and neural and quantum networks. Ultra‐low loss phase‐change technology has the enormous potential to offer energy‐efficient, extra large‐scale integrated (ELSI) nonvolatile programmable photonics that can overcome the limitations of commonly used volatile and energy‐hungry programmable photonic systems. So far, most of the phase change materials (PCM) devices have already shown to be suitable for programmable and reconfigurable photonic circuit applications that do not require extreme endurance or ultra‐fast switching speeds. However, applications with ultra‐fast speed and multi‐million cycling requirements, such as memory cells, quantum computing, optical displays, and optical modulators necessitate enormous improvements in the existing cycling speed and endurance of PCMs, for high‐performance device configuration. Here, optical switching of an ultra‐low loss PCM (Sb2Se3) is demonstrated with an unprecedented combination of rapid cycling speed (0.6  ×  105 cycles s−1) and extreme endurance (>  2  ×  106 cycles) that pave the way for ultrafast, large‐scale, programmable, and reconfigurable integrated photonic circuits and devices.
Embedded 3D Bioprinting of Collagen Inks into Microgel Baths to Control Hydrogel Microstructure and Cell Spreading
Authors: Brunel Lucia G. , Christakopoulos Fotis , Kilian David , Cai Betty , Hull Sarah M. , Myung David , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: December 2023

Microextrusion‐based 3D bioprinting into support baths has emerged as a promising technique to pattern soft biomaterials into complex, macroscopic structures. It is hypothesized that interactions between inks and support baths, which are often composed of granular microgels, can be modulated to control the microscopic structure within these macroscopic‐printed constructs. Using printed collagen bioinks crosslinked either through physical self‐assembly or bioorthogonal covalent chemistry, it is demonstrated that microscopic porosity is introduced into collagen inks printed into microgel support baths but not bulk gel support baths. The overall porosity is governed by the ratio between the ink's shear viscosity and the microgel support bath's zero‐shear viscosity. By adjusting the flow rate during extrusion, the ink's shear viscosity is modulated, thus controlling the extent of microscopic porosity independent of the ink composition. For covalently crosslinked collagen, printing into support baths comprised of gelatin microgels (15‐50 µm) results in large pores (≈40 µm) that allow human corneal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to readily spread, while control samples of cast collagen or collagen printed in non‐granular support baths do not allow cell spreading. Taken together, these data demonstrate a new method to impart controlled microscale porosity into 3D printed hydrogels using granular microgel support baths.
Co/Mon Invigorated Bilateral Kinetics Modulation for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kong Yueyue , Wang Lu , Mamoor Muhammad , Wang Bin , Qu Guangmeng , Jing Zhongxin , Pang Yingping , Wang Fengbo , Yang Xiaofan , Wang Dedong , Xu Liqiang
Published: December 2023

Sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and Li‐dendrite growth are the main bottlenecks for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Separator modification serves as a dual‐purpose approach to address both of these challenges. In this study, the Co/MoN composite is rationally designed and applied as the modifier to modulate the electrochemical kinetics on both sides of the sulfur cathode and lithium anode. Benefiting from its adsorption‐catalysis function, the decorated separators (Co/MoN@PP) not only effectively inhibit polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle and accelerate their electrochemical conversion but also boost Li+ flux, realizing uniform Li plating/stripping. The accelerated LiPSs conversion kinetics and excellent sulfur redox reversibility triggered by Co/MoN modified separators are evidenced by performance, in‐situ Raman detection and theoretical calculations. The batteries with Co/MoN@PP achieve a high initial discharge capacity of 1570 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C with a low decay rate of 0.39%, uniform Li+ transportation at 1 mA cm−2 over 800 h. Moreover, the areal capacity of 4.62 mAh cm−2 is achieved under high mass loadings of 4.92 mg cm−2. This study provides a feasible strategy for the rational utilization of the synergistic effect of composite with multifunctional microdomains to solve the problems of Li anode and S cathode toward long‐cycling Li–S batteries.
2D Halide Perovskite Phase Formation Dynamics and Their Regulation by Co‐Additives for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Min , Zheng Daming , Zhu Tao , Vegso Karol , Siffalovic Peter , Pauporté Thierry
Published: December 2023

The incorporation of large organic ammonium ions renders the crystallization dynamics and layer formation process of halide perovskites complex, difficult to control, and leads to problems of suppressed charge transport with the formation of tiny‐sized grains. In this paper, the use of methylammonium chloride (MACl) and an excess of PbI2 is introduced as a co‐additives in the precursor solution for the control of phenylmethylammonium or benzylammonium (PMA+ spacer) and formamidinium (FA+)‐based quasi‐2D PMA2FAn−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 5) perovskite layers formation. By this method, the morphology of the layer, the inner phase distribution, and the charge transport properties are improved. By employing glow discharge‐optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES) and other techniques, it is revealed that the quasi‐2D perovskites prepared in the presence of co‐additives exhibit uniform removal dynamics of the solvent across the film. Furthermore, the grain growth mode, upon thermal annealing, is lateral. It results in large, monolithic grains with low‐trap state density and excellent substrate coverage. Particularly, co‐additives improve the cations dispersion upon the crystallization process, thus suppressing the low‐n phase formed through the aggregation of spacer cations and accelerating the formation of the high‐n phase.
Long‐term use of everolimus for refractory arrhythmia in a child with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Hofmann Christoph , Syrbe Steffen , Hebe Joachim , Kreft Jannis , Stark Sebastian , Milde Till , Völkers Mirko , Hoffmann Georg Friedrich , Gorenflo Matthias , Kovacevic Alexander
Published: December 2023

Tuberous sclerosis complex is associated with the occurrence of cardiac rhabdomyomas that may result in life‐threatening arrhythmia unresponsive to standard antiarrhythmic therapy. We report the case of an infant with multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas who developed severe refractory supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) that was successfully treated with everolimus. Pharmacological mTOR inhibition rapidly improved arrhythmia within few weeks after treatment initiation and correlated with a reduction in tumor size. Intermediate attempts to discontinue everolimus resulted in rhabdomyoma size rebound and recurrence of arrhythmic episodes, which resolved on resumption of therapy. While everolimus treatment led to successful control of arrhythmia in the first years of life, episodes of SVT reoccurred at the age of 6 years. Electrophysiologic testing confirmed an accessory pathway that was successfully ablated, resulting in freedom of arrhythmic events. In summary we present an in‐depth evaluation of the long‐term use of everolimus in a child with TSC‐associated SVT, including the correlation between drug use and arrhythmia outcome. This case report provides important information on the safety and efficacy of an mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of a potentially life‐threatening cardiac disease manifestation in TSC for which the optimal treatment strategy is still not well established.
Production of high quality biodiesel from sunflower soapstock acid oil as novel feedstock: Catalyzed by immobilized pancreatic lipase
Authors: Paluzar Hatice
Published: December 2023

Edible refined oils, which are utilized as raw materials in biodiesel production, have been replaced by by‐products (acid oil, fatty acid, deodorized distillate, and soapstock distillates) obtained from the vegetable oil refining industry, in recent years. This study aims to investigate the production of high quality biodiesel fuel in accordance with the standards (TS EN and ASTM) from sunflower soapstock acid oil. This feedstock was donated by an oil factory in the Thrace region, Turkey. Esterification reaction was performed by immobilized enzyme. For this, immobilization was carried out by covalent binding of pancreatic lipase in glutaraldehyde activated chitosan and optimum immobilization conditions were determined. The activity of the immobilized lipase and the retained activity were found to be 65.69 U/μg and 61.8%, respectively (pH: 7.5, 37°C). The Km (Michealis constant) and Vmax (maximum velocity of an enzymatically catalyzed reaction) values of the immobilized enzyme were found to be 5.1 mmol/L and 48.6 U/min/mg protein, respectively. The immobilized enzyme was employed as a biocatalyst for esterification of sunflower soapstock acid oil. Notably, an impressive yield of 75.6% was attained under the conditions of a 1:5 molar ratio of soapstock acid oil to methanol, with 10 wt% immobilized lipase as the catalyst, and a reaction temperature of 45°C for 36 h. The resulting biodiesel exhibits fuel characteristics that meet the standards outlined in TS EN 14214:2012 + A2 and ASTM D6751‐02.
Hintergründe und Grundlagen zur Anwendung von Brandschutzbekleidungen im Holzbau
Authors: Kurzer Christoph , Werther Norman , Winter Stefan , Zehfuß Jochen
Published: December 2023

Dieser Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Wissensstand und Hintergründe in der nationalen und internationalen Anwendung von Brandschutzbekleidungen im Holzbau zusammen. Hierbei wird auf die unterschiedlichen Arten von Brandschutzbekleidungen, deren normative und bauordnungsrechtliche Definitionen und deren Leistungsanforderungen eingegangen und zugehörige Unterschiede vergleichend dargestellt. Aus der Diskussion der Hintergründe wird so eine erweiterte Sichtweise auf die nachzuweisenden Kriterien bei Brandschutzbekleidungen für Holzbauteile entwickelt, die eine optimierte Betrachtung und ressourcenschonendere Anwendung bei Wahrung des brandschutztechnischen Sicherheitsniveaus ermöglicht.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs): A promising therapeutic tool in the heart tissue regeneration
Authors: Diomede Francesca , Guarnieri Simone , Lanuti Paola , Konstantinidou Fani , Gatta Valentina , Rajan Thangavelu Soundara , Pierdomenico Sante D. , Trubiani Oriana , Marconi Guya Diletta , Pizzicannella Jacopo
Published: December 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been widely explored as a therapy for myocardial infarction, peripheral ischemic vascular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Latest in vitro studies suggest that MSCs can differentiate into contractile cardiomyocytes. One of the best‐characterized MSCs products are MSCs‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are crucial paracrine effectors of MSCs. Based on previous works, paracrine effects of MSCs play a primary role in the regenerative ability. Hence, in the current paper, we focused our attention on an alternative approach, exploiting products derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) rather than MSCs themselves, which may denote a cost‐effective and safer approach. The focus has been on EVs and the bioactive molecules they contain to evaluate their ability to influence the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage. The expression of GATA4, ACTC1, CX43, and Nkx2.5 was evaluated using Immunofluorescence, real time‐PCR, and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, the expression profiling analysis of the microRNA hsa‐miR‐200c‐3p, targeting the GATA4 gene, was studied. The hsa‐miR‐200c‐3p was found significantly down‐regulated in both c‐hDPSCs + EVs‐hDPSCs and c‐hDPSCs + EVs‐HL‐1 compared to untreated c‐hDPSCs underlying a possible epigenetic mechanism behind the prevalent up‐regulation of its targeted GATA4 gene. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro model of hDPSCs able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in order to investigate the role of EVs derived from hDPSCs and derived from HL‐1 cardiomyocyte cell line in modulating the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage.
A dynamic time‐to‐event model for prediction of acute graft‐versus‐host disease in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Och Katharina , Turki Amin T. , Götz Katharina M. , Selzer Dominik , Brossette Christian , Theobald Stefan , Braun Yvonne , Graf Norbert , Rauch Jochen , Rohm Kerstin , Weiler Gabriele , Kiefer Stephan , Schwarz Ulf , Eisenberg Lisa , Pfeifer Nico , Ihle Matthias , Grandjean Andrea , Fix Sonja , Riede Claudia , Rissland Jürgen , Smola Sigrun , Beelen Dietrich W. , Kaddu‐Mulindwa Dominic , Bittenbring Jörg , Lehr Thorsten
Published: December 2023

Background

Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) is a major cause of death for patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Effective management of moderate to severe aGvHD remains challenging despite recent advances in HSCT, emphasizing the importance of prophylaxis and risk factor identification.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed data from 1479 adults who underwent HSCT between 2005 and 2017 to investigate the effects of aGvHD prophylaxis and time‐dependent risk factors on the development of grades II–IV aGvHD within 100 days post‐HSCT.

Results

Using a dynamic longitudinal time‐to‐event model, we observed a non‐monotonic baseline hazard overtime with a low hazard during the first few days and a maximum hazard at day 17, described by Bateman function with a mean transit time of approximately 11 days. Multivariable analysis revealed significant time‐dependent effects of white blood cell counts and cyclosporine A exposure as well as static effects of female donors for male recipients, patients with matched related donors, conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine plus total body irradiation, and patient age in recipients of grafts from related donors on the risk to develop grades II–IV aGvHD. Additionally, we found that higher cumulative hazard on day 7 after allo‐HSCT are associated with an increased incidence of grades II–IV aGvHD within 100 days indicating that an individual assessment of the cumulative hazard on day 7 could potentially serve as valuable predictor for later grades II–IV aGvHD development. Using the final model, stochastic simulations were performed to explore covariate effects on the cumulative incidence over time and to estimate risk ratios.

Conclusion

Overall, the presented model showed good descriptive and predictive performance and provides valuable insights into the interplay of multiple static and time‐dependent risk factors for the prediction of aGvHD.
Changes in serum DAMPs and cytokines/chemokines during near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Ishihara Hiromasa , Nishikawa Daisuke , Muraoka Daisuke , Masago Katsuhiro , Beppu Shintaro , Terada Hoshino , Matsushita Hirokazu , Hanai Nobuhiro
Published: December 2023

Background

Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) for head and neck cancer is a recently developed therapy. However, there is limited data on patients receiving NIR‐PIT in real clinical settings.

Methods

Seven NIR‐PIT sessions were administered to five patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Serum damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (HMGB1 and Hsp70 levels), and cytokine and chemokine production, were compared before and after NIR‐PIT.

Results

The serum concentration of HMGB1 increased after NIR‐PIT (p = 0.031, Wilcoxon test) in all patients except one who did not achieve a clinical response. Chemokines MIP‐1α (CCL3) and MIP‐1β (CCL4) increased significantly 1–3 days after treatment (CCL3, p = 0.0036; CCL4, p = 0.0016, Wilcoxon test). A low pre‐treatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with a better response to therapy and survival.

Conclusions

The release of DAMPs, and cytokine/chemokine production, were detected in the patients' peripheral blood. The baseline NLR may predict patient outcomes in response to NIR‐PIT.
Serum CXCL10 levels at the start of the second course of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy predict therapeutic efficacy in patients with advanced BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Matsuura Kentaro , Suzuki Yuta , Okumura Fumihiro , Nagura Yoshihito , Sobue Satoshi , Matoya Sho , Miyaki Tomokatsu , Kimura Yoshihide , Kusakabe Atsunori , Narahara Satoshi , Tokunaga Takayuki , Nagaoka Katsuya , Kuroyanagi Keita , Kawamura Hayato , Kuno Kayoko , Fujiwara Kei , Nojiri Shunsuke , Kataoka Hiromi , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: December 2023

Background & Aims

Relationships of serum C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) levels with hot immune features have been reported in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we examined the utility of their levels for predicting the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) in patients with HCC.

Design

In total, 98 patients with HCC treated with Atez/Bev were enrolled, and their initial responses were evaluated at least once via dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Serum CCL5 and CXCL10 levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay before treatment and at the start of the second course of Atez/Bev therapy, and their relationships with treatment efficacy were determined.

Results

No analyzed factor was associated with the initial therapeutic response. Among the 56 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C, serum CXCL10 levels at the beginning of course two (CXCL10‐2c) tended to be higher in responders than in non‐responders in the initial evaluation, and its optimal cutoff level of 690 pg/mL could be used to stratify patients regarding overall survival (OS; high vs. low: not reached vs. 17.6 months, p = 0.034) and progression‐free survival (high vs. low: 13.6 vs. 5.1 months, p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, high CXCL10 levels and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios at the start of course two and Child–Pugh stage A at baseline were independent predictive factors of improved OS.

Conclusions

Serum CXCL10‐2c levels were predictive of Atez/Bev efficacy in patients with BCLC stage C HCC.
Did court dismiss Title IX erroneous outcome claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2023

John Doe met Jane Roe while both were students at Syracuse University. At the time, Roe was a leader in a prelaw fraternity, and Doe was seeking to join the fraternity. Doe reached out to Roe and asked to meet for coffee to see if they could develop a mentoring relationship.
Recent Progress and Prospects of MXene/Cellulose‐Based Composite Electrodes: A Sustainable Pathway towards Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Krishna Paul Tamal , Parvez Md. Shohan , Mashfik Ahmed Chowdhury
Published: December 2023

MXenes, a group of two‐dimensional (2D) metal carbides and nitrides, have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. This is primarily attributed to their inherent metal‐like electrical conductivity, layered structure, surface redox reactivity, and superior pseudocapacitance through surface functional groups. Owing to its promising features, this material suffers from low mechanical strength, restacking, and unprecedented oxidation. As a result, balancing the electrochemical performance becomes challenging, eventually impeding its potential applications in lightweight, flexible supercapacitor applications. Recent strategies are centered on lighter and more stable filler materials to tackle these issues. Among these, cellulose is considered one of the most effective renewable materials because of its biocompatibility, thermal stability, high surface area, and mechanical reinforcement. Moreover, nanocellulose is capable of hosting other functional materials on its reactive surfaces, ensuring better ion accessibility, and can be used as an electrolyte separator membrane. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the fabrication strategy, deterministic parameters for capacitive energy‐storage devices, electrochemical behavior, and the performance of MXene/cellulose‐based electrodes in its three‐dimensional aspect (1D, 2D and 3D) for supercapacitor application. Lastly, this review will outline the challenges and prospects of MXene/cellulose‐based composite electrodes in real‐life supercapacitor applications.
Electroanalytical Immunotool to Determine Matricellular Protein Periostin, a Stromal Biomarker of Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Blázquez‐García Marina , Quinchia Jennifer , Ruiz‐Valdepeñas Montiel Víctor , Torrente‐Rodríguez Rebeca M. , Serafín Verónica , Garranzo‐Asensio María , García‐Romero Ana , Orozco Jahir , Barderas Rodrigo , Pingarrón José M. , Campuzano Susana
Published: December 2023

Tumor‐associated stroma biomarkers are emerging as key signaling molecules of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this sense, periostin (POSTN), a protein of the extracellular matrix from the stromal compartment, is envisioned as a potential stromal prognostic biomarker, which facilitates the application of pertinent treatments. In this work, we report an easy‐to‐handle amperometric sandwich‐based immunosensing strategy for the determination of POSTN involving commercial magnetic microparticles (MBs), disposable carbon electrodes, and the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) electrochemical system. The method allowed a dynamic linear range between 0.47 and 25 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection, LOD, of 0.14 ng mL−1 compatible with clinical demands. The method was applied to the analysis of POSTN in a variety of cancer‐related real bio‐scenarios including cell extracts and secretomes from CRC cells, and plasma from CRC patients at different stages. The potentials of this firstly developed MBs‐assisted immunoplatform are justified by distinguishing between metastatic abilities of cultured CRC cells through the analysis of their extracts and secretomes, and by differentiating between healthy controls and CRC patients in just 60 min. Therefore, the developed immunoplatform can be envisaged as a novel and profitable tool for exploring the most uncharacterized but prospective tumor areas.
Compositional engineering of HKUST‐1/sulfidized NiMn‐LDH on functionalized MWCNTs as remarkable bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Chen Mengshan , Abazari Reza , Sanati Soheila , Chen Jing , Sun Mingyuzhi , Bai Cunhong , Kirillov Alexander M. , Zhou Yingtang , Hu Guangzhi
Published: December 2023

Water‐splitting reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) typically require expensive noble metal‐based electrocatalysts. This has motivated researchers to develop novel, cost‐effective electrocatalytic systems. In this study, a new multicomponent nanocomposite was assembled by combining functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, a Cu‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) (HKUST‐1 or HK), and a sulfidized NiMn‐layered double hydroxide (NiMn‐S). The resulting nanocomposite, abbreviated as MW/HK/NiMn‐S, features a unique architecture, high porosity, numerous electroactive Cu/Ni/Mn sites, fast charge transfer, excellent structural stability, and conductivity. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, this dual‐function electrocatalyst shows remarkable performance, with ultralow overpotential values of 163 mV (OER) or 73 mV (HER), as well as low Tafel slopes (57 and 75 mV dec−1, respectively). Additionally, its high turnover frequency values (4.43 s−1 for OER; 3.96 s−1 for HER) are significantly superior to those of standard noble metal‐based Pt/C and IrO2 systems. The synergistic effect of the nanocomposite's different components is responsible for its enhanced electrocatalytic performance. A density functional theory study revealed that the multi‐interface and multicomponent heterostructure contribute to increased electrical conductivity and decreased energy barrier, resulting in superior electrocatalytic HER/OER activity. This study presents a novel vision for designing advanced electrocatalysts with superior performance in water splitting. Various composites have been utilized in water‐splitting applications. This study investigates the use of the MW/HK/NiMn‐S electrocatalyst for water splitting for the first time to indicate the synergistic effect between carbon‐based materials along with layered double hydroxide compounds and porous compounds of MOF. The unique features of each component in this composite can be an interesting topic in the field of water splitting.
Colloidal ruthenium catalysts for selective quinaldine hydrogenation: Ligand and solvent effects
Authors: Colliere Vincent , Verelst Marc , Lecante Pierre , Axet M. Rosa
Published: December 2023

Colloidal Ru nanoparticles (NP) display interesting catalytic properties for the hydrogenation of (hetero)arenes as they proceed efficiently in mild reaction conditions. In this work, a series of Ru based materials was used in order to selectively hydrogenate quinaldine and assess the impact of the stabilizing agent on their catalytic performances. Ru nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 1‐adamantanecarboxylic acid (AdCOOH) allowed to obtain 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinaldine with a remarkable selectivity in mild reaction conditions by choosing the suitable solvent. The presence of a carboxylate ligand on the surface of the Ru NP led to an increase in the activity when compared to Ru/PVP catalyst. The stabilizing agent had also an impact on the selectivity, as carboxylate ligand modified catalysts promoted the selectivity towards 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinaldine, with bulky carboxylate displaying the highest ones.
Water‐Soluble Triazolium Covalent Cages for ATP Sensing
Authors: Maji Suman , Samanta Jayanta , Natarajan Ramalingam
Published: December 2023

Water‐soluble organic cages are attractive targets for their molecular recognition and sensing features of biologically relevant molecules. Here, we have successfully designed and synthesized a pair of water‐soluble cationic cages employing click reaction as the fundamental step followed by the N‐methylation of the triazole rings. The rigid and shape‐persistent 3D hydrophobic cavity, positively charged surface, H‐bonding triazolium rings, and excellent water solubility empower both cages to exhibit a superior affinity and selectivity for binding with adenosine‐5’‐triphosphate (ATP) compared to cyclophanes and other macrocyclic receptors. Both cage molecules (PCC⋅Cl and BCC⋅Cl) can bind a highly emissive dye HPTS (8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid trisodium salt) to form non‐fluorescent complexes. The addition of ATP resulted in the stronger cage⊂ATP complexes with the retention of HPTS emission upon its displacement. The resultant indicator‐displacement assay system can efficiently sense and quantify ATP in nanomolar detection limits in buffer solutions and human serum matrix. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies revealed the synergistic effect of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interaction between the aromatic moiety of the cationic cages and the adenine moiety of ATP, as well as the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interaction between the phosphate anion of ATP and triazole protons of cages, played the pivotal roles in the sensing process.
Cerium Oxide Catalyzed Disproportionation of Hydrogen Peroxide: A Closer Look at the Reaction Intermediate
Authors: Finocchiaro Giusy , Ju Xiaohui , Mezghrani Braham , Berret Jean‐François
Published: December 2023

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have recently gained increasing interest as redox enzyme‐mimetics to scavenge the intracellular excess of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Despite the extensive exploration, there remains a notable discrepancy regarding the interpretation of observed redshift of UV‐Visible spectroscopy due to H2O2 addition and the catalase‐mimicking mechanism of CNPs. To address this question, we investigated the reaction mechanism by taking a closer look at the reaction intermediate during the catalase mimicking reaction. In this study, we present evidence demonstrating that in aqueous solutions, H2O2 adsorption at CNP surface triggers the formation of stable intermediates known as cerium‐peroxo (Ce‐O22−) and/or cerium‐hydroperoxo (Ce‐OOH−) complexes as resolved by Raman scattering and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. Polymer coating presents steric hinderance for H2O2 accessibility to the solid‐liquid interface limiting further intermediate formation. We demonstrate in depth that the catalytic reactivity of CNPs in the H2O2 disproportionation reaction increases with the Ce(III)‐fraction and decreases in the presence of polymer coatings. The developed approach using UV‐Visible spectroscopy for the characterization of the surface peroxide species can potentially serve as a foundation for determining the catalytic reactivity of CNPs in the disproportionation of H2O2.
Plant Sample Collection and Shipment for Multi‐omic Analyses and Phytosanitary Evaluation
Authors: Karakas Esra , Ferrante Paola , Schafleitner Roland , Giuliano Giovanni , Fernie Alisdair R. , Alseekh Saleh
Published: December 2023

Plant sample preparation for analyses is a fundamental step in high‐throughput omics strategies. Especially for plant metabolomics, quenching of hydrolytic enzymes able to affect metabolite concentrations is crucial for the accuracy of results. Given that DNA is usually less labile than metabolites, most sampling and shipment procedures able to preserve the metabolome are also suitable for preventing the degradation of plant DNA or of DNA of pathogens in the plant tissue. In this article, we describe all the steps of sample collection, shipment (including the phytosanitary issues of moving plant samples), and processing for combined genomics and metabolomics from a single sample, as well as the protocols used in our laboratories for downstream approaches for crop plants, allowing collection of multi‐omic datasets in large experimental setups. The protocols have been adjusted to apply to both freeze‐dried and fresh‐frozen material to allow the processing of crop plant samples that will require long‐distance transport. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of freeze‐dried leaf disks for multiplexed PCR or DArT‐Seq genotyping

Basic Protocol 2: Medium‐throughput preparation of pathogen‐free nucleic acids for most genotyping‐resequencing applications or pathogen detection

Alternate Protocol: Low‐throughput extraction of high‐quality DNA for resequencing using commercial kits

Support Protocol: DNA quality control

Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of freeze‐dried plant material for metabolomics

Basic Protocol 4: Preparation of fresh‐frozen plant material for metabolomics

Basic Protocol 5: Preparation and shipment of metabolite extracts for metabolomic analyses

Basic Protocol 6: Sample shipping and long‐term storage
Primary Astrocytes Purification and Immortalization
Authors: Qin Lei , Xiao Guozhi
Published: December 2023

Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for neuronal development, network formation, and overall CNS homeostasis. Primary astrocyte culture has been successfully used as a tool to study astrocyte biology in vitro. In the present protocol, a modified immunopanning method was utilized to obtain and purify primary astrocytes from mouse cortex and spinal cord in a relatively quick and inexpensive way. Purified primary astrocytes were then immortalized through infection of lentivirus expressing the SV40 large T antigens. In addition, we provide protocols to determine the expression levels of astrocyte‐specific markers and to perform functional studies measuring the ATP‐induced calcium flux in the immortalized astrocytes. Following the described protocols assures that the immortalized astrocytes that one prepares mimic the cell biology of primary astrocytes in culture. Thus, the purification and immortalization protocols for primary astrocytes presented in here provide two models for the studies of astrocyte biology and may be useful for the immortalization of other types of primary cells. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Primary astrocyte purification by a modified immunopanning method

Support Protocol: Serum‐free primary astrocyte culture

Basic Protocol 2: Primary astrocyte immortalization

Basic Protocol 3: Calcium transient detection in astrocytes
Soft start‐up control of four‐level hybrid‐clamped converters with DC voltage source
Authors: Pan Jianyu , Tang Haibo , Zhao Yihui , Yan Sheng
Published: December 2023

The four‐level hybrid clamp converter (4L‐HCC) is one of the next‐generation multilevel topologies due to its simplified structure and excellent performance. However, it consists of several DC‐link and flying capacitors, which must be precharged to the rated voltage before the normal operation. Without proper control, those internal capacitors could easily induce inrush currents and cause system fatal failure due to the unsymmetrical circuit structure. This paper proposes soft start‐up control methods for both single‐phase and three‐phase HCCs. The precharging mathematical models of DC‐link and flying capacitors are established. A straightforward algorithm using the selected switching states and rotating regions is developed to build precharging circuits properly. A full‐scale simulation model and a downscale laboratory prototype of the 4L‐HCC are established to validate the superiority of the proposed method. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in charging all capacitors through internal elements rapidly with suppressed and controllable charging currents.
Studying abroad as an inclusive experience
Authors: Allarakhia Hawa
Published: December 2023

At the University of Florida, students recently had the opportunity to study abroad in London through a partnership between the UF International Center and the Disability Resource Center. Jenna Gonzalez, the Director of the Disability Resource Center, and Pingchien Neo, a Director of the College of Engineering, discuss the development, partnership, and future of this program.
Distinguishing probable atypical anorexia nervosa from weight loss alone in a national sample of U.S. Military Veterans: Disentangling the roles of weight suppression and cognitive concerns
Authors: Herb Neff Kirstie M. , Buta Eugenia , Fenn Lindsay M. , Ramsey Christine N. , Snow Jennifer L. , Haskell Sally G. , Masheb Robin M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Veterans are at high risk for eating disorders (EDs), and specifically for atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). The current study aimed to better understand this under‐studied disorder and how it differs from weight loss without ED cognitive features.

Method

Secondary analyses were conducted with data from a national study of Veterans (N = 882, 49.4% women). Participants were categorized into four mutually exclusive groups using the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale 5: probable atypical AN, a cognitive concerns group (Cog Only), a weight suppressed group (WS Only), and a no ED control group. Adjusted regression models were used to compare groups on measures of eating pathology and mental health. Three weight suppression thresholds (5%, 10%, and 15%) for probable atypical AN were also tested.

Results

The sample was comprised of 12% probable atypical AN, 23.6% Cog Only, 16.3% WS Only, and 48.1% Control. The probable atypical AN group was most like the Cog Only group except for higher levels of dietary restraint. Atypical AN fared worse and was least like the Control group followed by the WS Only group. All weight suppression thresholds significantly predicted dietary restraint, with 5% being the best predictor.

Discussion

Results found that probable atypical AN is a distinct clinical entity and that the exact weight suppression threshold associated with atypical AN is less important than having any weight suppression. Findings highlight the clinical significance of atypical AN and the importance of gaining a better understanding of how to address this clinical entity.

Public significance

Atypical anorexia nervosa is a relatively underexamined but highly prevalent eating disorder in the Veteran population. Results show that ED cognitive features are more closely linked to clinically significant eating pathology and poor mental health than weight suppression alone suggesting that negative thinking about weight gain and appearance, regardless of the presence or severity of weight loss, may signal the need for specialized intervention.
2D semiconductor nanosheets for solar photocatalysis
Authors: Cai Meng , Wei Yixin , Li Yukun , Li Xin , Wang Shaobin , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Peng
Published: December 2023

In the advancing world of graphene, highly anisotropic 2D semiconductor nanosheets, notable for their nanometer‐scale thickness, have emerged as a leading innovation, displaying immense potential in the exploration of renewable and clean energy production. These have garnered significant attention from researchers. The nanosheets are marked by their extraordinary electronic, optical, and chemical attributes, positioning them as attractive foundational components for heterogeneous photocatalysts. This review diligently summarizes both the seminal work and ongoing developments pertaining to 2D semiconductor nanosheets and their application to solar energy within the context of heterogeneous photocatalysis. We begin by detailing the distinctive properties of 2D semiconductor nanosheets, concentrating on their pivotal roles in augmenting photocatalytic efficiency, and explaining the intrinsic mechanisms that govern the migration rate of photogenerated carriers on the material's surface. Subsequently, we delineate the methods employed to synthesize typical 2D semiconductor nanosheets. In alignment with the overarching objective of expanding light absorption capacity and accelerating charge transfer, we also examine the current research on the hybridization techniques involving 2D materials of varied dimensions, as well as their deployment in diverse photocatalytic applications. We conclude by identifying promising avenues and potential challenges that await further exploration in this burgeoning field.
Self‐integration exactly constructing oxygen‐modified MoNi alloys for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhou Ya‐Nan , Yu Wen‐Li , Liu Hai‐Jun , Fan Ruo‐Yao , Han Guan‐Qun , Dong Bin , Chai Yong‐Ming
Published: December 2023

Introducing oxygen atoms into nickel‐based alloys is an effective strategy for constructing water dissociation sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, controlling oxygen content to realize the best match of water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption is challenging. Herein, we exploit the self‐integration process of MoNi alloy in molten salts to introduce oxygen atoms, which ultimately leads to the localized generation of robust NiOxHy around the MoNi alloys. Interestingly, Mo is further doped into NiOxHy (Mo‐NiOxHy) to construct an effective active center for water dissociation due to the high mobility in ionic solutions. Owing to the covering and space confinement of molten salt, MoNi alloy is exactly decorated with Mo‐NiOxHy nanosheets. Both physical characterization and density functional theory calculation prove that the electron transport, water dissociation capability, and hydrogen adsorption of MoNi are finely tuned and benefited from the O and Mo doping, thus greatly expediting HER kinetics. Mo‐NiOxHy exhibits a much lower overpotential of 33 mV at 10 mV cm−2 in alkaline electrolyte, even superior to the Pt/C benchmark. Moreover, the final Mo‐NiOxHy requires a low overpotential of 57 mV at 10 mV cm−2 in acidic media. This enhancement is ascribed to the successful assembly of MoNi foam elicited by molten salt.
Synergy of defect engineering and curvature effect for porous graphite carbon nitride nanotubes promoted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Guo Liping , Gao Jinyu , Li Mingxia , Xie Ying , Chen Hui , Wang Shijie , Li Zhenzi , Wang Xuepeng , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2023

Graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanotubes have received extensive attention due to its unique morphology and electronic migration. Herein, the defective porous g‐C3N4 nanotube (DTCN) is prepared through a simple thermal reduction process. The construction of N vacancy and tubular structure can synergistically promote the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, DTCN demonstrates a higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (1440 μmol·g−1·h−1), which is 5 times higher than that of the initial g‐C3N4 nanotube (TCN). Importantly, combined with density functional theory calculations and experimental results, it is the first time to prove that the synergy of curvature effect and N vacancy of nanotubes can enhance the adsorption energy of hydrogen and decrease the work function, resulting in more superior photocatalytic performance than the layered structure. This work provides more in‐depth comprehension for the photocatalytic mechanism of nanotube materials, which has inspirational significance for the design of the g‐C3N4 photocatalyst with high performance.
Characteristics of patients admitted with heart failure: Insights from the first Malaysian Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Wan Ahmad Wan Azman , Abdul Ghapar Abdul Kahar , Zainal Abidin Hafisyatul Aiza , Karthikesan Dharmaraj , Ross Noel Thomas , S.K. Abdul Kader Muhamad Ali , Loch Alexander , Mahendran Kauthaman , Ramli Ahmad Wazi , Ong Tiong Kiam , Mohd Amin Nor Hanim , Lee Chuey Yan , Che Hassan Hamat Hamdi , Zainal Abidin Siti Khairani , Liew Houng Bang , Ho Wing Sze , Mohd Ghazi Azmee
Published: December 2023

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem, yet there are limited data on patients with HF in Malaysia. The Malaysian Heart Failure (MY‐HF) Registry aims to gain insights into the epidemiology, aetiology, management, and outcome of Malaysian patients with HF and identify areas for improvement within the national HF services.

Methods and results

The MY‐HF Registry is a 3‐year prospective, observational study comprising 2717 Malaysian patients admitted for acute HF. We report the description of baseline data at admission and outcomes of index hospitalization of these patients. The mean age was 60.2 ± 13.6 years, 66.8% were male, and 34.3% had de novo HF. Collectively, 55.7% of patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV; ischaemic heart disease was the most frequent aetiology (63.2%). Most admissions (87.3%) occurred via the emergency department, with 13.7% of patients requiring intensive care, and of these, 21.8% needed intubation. The proportion of patients receiving guideline‐directed medical therapy increased at discharge (84.2% vs. 93.6%). The median length of stay (LOS) was 5 days, and in‐hospital mortality was 2.9%. Predictors of LOS and/or in‐hospital mortality were age, NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and comorbid anaemia. LOS and in‐hospital mortality were similar regardless of ejection fraction.

Conclusions

The MY‐HF Registry showed that the HF population in Malaysia is younger, predominantly male, and ischaemic‐driven and has good prospects with hospitalization for optimization of treatment. These findings suggest a need to reassess current clinical practice and guide resource allocation to improve patient outcomes.