bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Status and Structural Brain Imaging in Adults With Simple Congenital Heart Defects Closed in Childhood
Authors: Asschenfeldt Benjamin , Evald Lars , Heiberg Johan , Salvig Camilla , Østergaard Leif , Dalby Rikke Beese , Eskildsen Simon Fristed , Hjortdal Vibeke Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

Background

Neurodevelopmental impairments are common in survivors of complex congenital heart defects (CHD). We report neuropsychological and brain imaging assessments in adults operated for isolated septal defects.

Methods and Results

Patients (mean age 25.6 yrs) who underwent childhood surgery for isolated atrial septal defect (n=34) or ventricular septal defect (n=32), and healthy matched peers (n=40), underwent a standard battery of neuropsychological tests and a 3.0T brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. Patient intelligence was affected with lower scores on Full‐Scale intelligence quotient (
P
<0.001), Verbal Comprehension (
P
<0.001), Perceptual Reasoning (
P
=0.007), and Working Memory (
P
<0.001) compared with controls. Also, the CHD group had poorer visuospatial abilities (Immediate Recall,
P
=0.033; Delayed Recall,
P
=0.018), verbal memory (Trial 1,
P
=0.015; Total Learning,
P
<0.001; Delayed Recall,
P
=0.007), executive function (Executive Composite Score,
P
<0.001), and social recognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test,
P
=0.002) compared with controls. Self‐reported levels of executive dysfunction, attention deficits and hyperactivity behavior, and social cognition dysfunction were higher in the CHD group compared with population means and controls. We found similar global and regional morphometric brain volumes and a similar frequency of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in the 2 groups. The CHD group had a high occurrence of psychiatric disease and a larger need for special teaching during school age.

Conclusions

Children operated for simple CHD demonstrate poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in adulthood when compared with healthy controls and expected population means.

REGISTRATION

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03871881.
Wide Complex Tachycardia Differentiation: A Reappraisal of the State‐of‐the‐Art
Authors: Kashou Anthony H. , Noseworthy Peter A. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , May Adam M.
Published: May 2020

The primary goal of the initial ECG evaluation of every wide complex tachycardia is to determine whether the tachyarrhythmia has a ventricular or supraventricular origin. The answer to this question drives immediate patient care decisions, ensuing clinical workup, and long‐term management strategies. Thus, the importance of arriving at the correct diagnosis cannot be understated and has naturally spurred rigorous research, which has brought forth an ever‐expanding abundance of manually applied and automated methods to differentiate wide complex tachycardias. In this review, we provide an in‐depth analysis of traditional and more contemporary methods to differentiate ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia. In doing so, we: (1) review hallmark wide complex tachycardia differentiation criteria, (2) examine the conceptual and structural design of standard wide complex tachycardia differentiation methods, (3) discuss practical limitations of manually applied ECG interpretation approaches, and (4) highlight recently formulated methods designed to differentiate ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia automatically.
Shadows of Divestment: The Complications of Diverting Fossil Fuel Finance
Authors: Neville Kate J.
Published: May 2020

This forum article offers a critical assessment of the strategy of divestment from fossil fuels as climate action, considering the unintended or spillover consequences of reinvestment in other industries. With a focus on two sectors—agriculture and renewable energy—it examines how reinvestment to achieve competitive financial returns might exacerbate non-emissions-based environmental and social damage. The analysis draws on established and emerging research in global environmental politics on the political economy of commodity trade to sound a cautionary note about divestment, arguing that the strategy can maintain the status quo as readily as it can disrupt systems of power. A focus on divestment addresses a crucial immediate problem, but without a critical look at reinvestment and the current political economic order, activists could be reinforcing the same systems of environmental and social damage they are aiming to dismantle.
Syllables in Sync Form a Link: Neural Phase-locking Reflects Word Knowledge during Language Learning
Authors: Batterink Laura
Published: May 2020

Language is composed of small building blocks, which combine to form larger meaningful structures. To understand language, we must process, track, and concatenate these building blocks into larger linguistic units as speech unfolds over time. An influential idea is that phase-locking of neural oscillations across different levels of linguistic structure provides a mechanism for this process. Building on this framework, the goal of the current study was to determine whether neural phase-locking occurs more robustly to novel linguistic items that are successfully learned and encoded into memory, compared to items that are not learned. Participants listened to a continuous speech stream composed of repeating nonsense words while their EEG was recorded and then performed a recognition test on the component words. Neural phase-locking to individual words during the learning period strongly predicted the strength of subsequent word knowledge, suggesting that neural phase-locking indexes the subjective perception of specific linguistic items during real-time language learning. These findings support neural oscillatory models of language, demonstrating that words that are successfully perceived as functional units are tracked by oscillatory activity at the matching word rate. In contrast, words that are not learned are processed merely as a sequence of unrelated syllables and thus not tracked by corresponding word-rate oscillations.
The Medial Temporal Lobe Is Critical for Spatial Relational Perception
Authors: Ruiz Nicholas A. , Meager Michael R. , Agarwal Sachin , Aly Mariam
Published: May 2020

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is traditionally considered to be a system that is specialized for long-term memory. Recent work has challenged this notion by demonstrating that this region can contribute to many domains of cognition beyond long-term memory, including perception and attention. One potential reason why the MTL (and hippocampus specifically) contributes broadly to cognition is that it contains relational representations—representations of multidimensional features of experience and their unique relationship to one another—that are useful in many different cognitive domains. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the hippocampus/MTL plays a critical role in attention and perception via relational representations. We compared human participants with MTL damage to healthy age- and education-matched individuals on attention tasks that varied in relational processing demands. On each trial, participants viewed two images (rooms with paintings). On “similar room” trials, they judged whether the rooms had the same spatial layout from a different perspective. On “similar art” trials, they judged whether the paintings could have been painted by the same artist. On “identical” trials, participants simply had to detect identical paintings or rooms. MTL lesion patients were significantly and selectively impaired on the similar room task. This work provides further evidence that the hippocampus/MTL plays a ubiquitous role in cognition by virtue of its relational and spatial representations and highlights its important contributions to rapid perceptual processes that benefit from attention.
El Lissitzky
Authors: Moholy Lucia
Published: May 2020

Likely published in anticipation of a 1967 volume of primary documents relating to the Russian artist El Lissitzky, Lucia Moholy discusses the artist's biography, career, influences, major works, reception, and relation to the Bauhaus. Drawing on her involvement in the fields of publishing and printing, she also introduces his then little-known books and graphic art, as well as his conception of the “Proun.” Although not stating it explicitly, much of her knowledge draws on having known Lissitzky personally in the 1920s and his writings from that period. The text stands as one of the earliest discussions of Lissitzky outside of the Russian language.
Virus as Metaphor
Authors: Joselit David
Published: May 2020

Establishing a connection between the novel coronavirus pandemic and the viral spread of misinformation emanating from the Trump administration, this essay suggests that we are now experiencing a general condition of the de-authorization of information—what Trump calls “fake news—in which the legitimacy of every form of knowledge is rendered questionable. The health crisis, Joselit argues, is equally a crisis of the authorization of information gone viral. This situation heightens a contradiction within the history and criticism of modern and contemporary art, which, on the one hand, has typically valued avant-garde practices for their capacity to challenge authority, and on the other hand, has taken postmodern calls to de-authorize canons to heart. The essay concludes with a call for critics and art historians to risk authorizing new historical narratives, just as artists, since at least the moment of Pop art, have appropriated viral images in order to furnish them with new authors—to author-ize new meanings.
How much research shared on Facebook happens outside of public pages and groups? A comparison of public and private online activity around PLOS ONE papers
Authors: Enkhbayar Asura , Haustein Stefanie , Barata Germana , Alperin Juan Pablo
Published: May 2020

Despite its undisputed position as the biggest social media platform, Facebook has never entered the main stage of altmetrics research. In this study, we argue that the lack of attention by altmetrics researchers is due, in part, to the challenges in collecting Facebook data regarding activity that takes place outside of public pages and groups. We present a new method of collecting aggregate counts of shares, reactions, and comments across the platform—including users’ personal timelines—and use it to gather data for all articles published between 2015 to 2017 in the journal PLOS ONE. We compare the gathered data with altmetrics collected and aggregated by Altmetric. The results show that 58.7% of papers shared on Facebook happen outside of public spaces and that, when collecting all shares, the volume of activity approximates patterns of engagement previously only observed for Twitter. Both results suggest that the role and impact of Facebook as a medium for science and scholarly communication has been underestimated. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of openness and transparency around the collection and aggregation of altmetrics.
SORCERY TREATMENT ON IBN QAYYIM AL-JAW ZIYYA’S (691H/1292M-751H/1350M) PERSP ECTIVE AND THE REALITY IN IS LAMIC MEDICAL CENTRE IN MA LAYSIA: A COMPA RATIVE STUDIES
Authors: Ahmad Khadher , Suliaman Ishak , Ariffin Sedek
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, there is a trend and rapid growth mainly be observed in Malaysia concerning Islamic Treatment Centers, which provides the services and treatments for the diseases. Several methods and approaches were offered for the treatment of various diseases. Sorcery was one of the diseases which it needs serious concern in Islamic Treatment Centers. The fieldwork in Malaysia was conducted in 23 Islamic Treatment Centers in order to investigate and identify the methods and approaches practiced in the treatment of sorcery and those related to it. Through a comparative analysis method, this article seeks to examine Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya thought on this issue by his several works such as al-Tibb al-Nabawi, Zad al-Ma’ad fi Hadyi Kahyr al-‘Ibad and Tafsir al- Mu‘awwidhtain. The study found out there are twenty methods being practiced to treat the sorcery in Islamic Treatment Centers in Malaysia. However, Ibn Qayyim only provided three major approaches and methods for the sorcery treatment: (1) search, discharge and omit the sorcery; (2) purify the body suffered from the sorcery; (3) use ruqyah al-shar’iyyah to treat the patient. From all of twenty treatment approaches and methods practiced in Islamic Treatment Centers, there are only four methods based on Ibn Qayyim’s view.
THE CONCEPT OF COMPA NION STAR ACCORDING TO QURANIC VERSES AND ASTRONOMY
Authors: Awang Nurul Hidayah , Razzak Munirah Abdul , Zainuddin Mohd Zambri
Published: May 2020

The issue of stars has fascinated human being since the beginning of history. Star is a celestial object which produces the light through the process which is called nuclear fusion. There are also stars known as companion stars, in which each of them is accompanied by another star. This companion star has more than one star which orbits each other. Thus, this article will discuss more on the theory of a companion star based on the astronomists’ views followed by the translation of the holy Qur’an. The findings show that the companion star is presented by the word al-Shi‘ra’ in the Qur’an as stated in surah al-Najm (53):49. However, the star is scientifically known as Canis Major (Sirius). It’s a companion star of Sirius A and Sirius B. This article is expected to be a very useful future reference for the astronomers.
Fighting the Tide: Youth with a History of Migration Living Religion in a New Context
Authors: Casteel Amy
Published: May 2020

Migration promises an opportunity for a different future for those moving while it challenges the status quo for transit and host countries. Changing from one culture to another is no small task. Neither is the process of moving from adolescent to adult. Many rely on religious beliefs and practices as they cope. Still, these practices are modified, adapted, changed. What happens in the lived religion of adolescents after migration to Greece? In discussion with practical and liberation theologians, sociology, and social and cultural psychology, the voices of adolescent migrants themselves contribute to a deeper understanding of current models of adolescent spiritual development.
Rediscovery of Tupistra stoliczkana (Asparagaceae) in northeastern India and the identity of T. ashihoi

Authors: BORAH DIPANKAR , TANAKA NORIYUKI , AVERYANOV LEONID V. , TARAM MOMANG , ROY DILIP KUMAR
Published: May 2020

Mainland Southeast Asia, particularly southern China and eastern Indochina, is known as an important centre of diversity for Asparagaceae (Averynov & Tanaka 2012). Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655) belonging to the subfamily Nolinoideae (Chase et al. 2009) comprises a little more than 30 species (Averyanov et al. 2019). They spread across southern and south-eastern Asia, including Nepal, Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia (Tanaka 2010a). The genus is characterized usually by the leaves tapering into petiole, a relatively large stigma broader than the style, except for the very uncommon species T. siphonantha Tanaka, Vislobokov & Hannon (2018: 32), a stout terete style almost as thick as the ovary and tuberculate (rarely smooth), globular berry-like fruits (Tanaka 2010a). Eight species of Tupistra have been reported for India: T. ashihoi Roy, Odyuo & Averyanov (2017:52), T. clarkei Hooker (1892: 325), T. khasiana Roy, Mao & Averyanov (2017: 257), T. nagarum Odyuo, Roy & Mao (2018:2), T. nutans Wall. ex Lindley (1839: 1223), T. stoliczkana Kurz (1876: 199), T. tupistroides (Kunth 1848: 12) Dandy (1932: 329), and T. leonidii Roy & Mao (2018: 37). Among them, T. ashihoi and T. stoliczkana have an upright flowering stem, whereas the others have a flowering stem curved downwards.
Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species
Authors: DA SILVA LEANDRO A. , MAGALHÃES FELIPE M. , THOMASSEN HANS , LEITE FELIPE S. F. , GARDA ADRIAN A. , BRANDÃO REUBER A. , HADDAD CÉLIO F. B. , GIARETTA ARIOVALDO A. , DE CARVALHO THIAGO R.
Published: May 2020

Members of the Leptodactylus mystaceus species complex are widely distributed in forests and open formations of South America east of the Andes. Species of the complex are morphologically similar or indistinguishable among each other, but acoustic data have been the cornerstone for species discrimination across their geographic ranges. In this paper, we re-examine the monophyly, species diversity, and relationships in the L. mystaceus complex on the basis of morphology, coloration, acoustics, and DNA sequences. Morphological and color patterns originally used to the allocation of species to the L. mystaceus complex are also reassessed. Our results revealed three new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, which are named and described herein, based mainly on acoustic and molecular data. Populations assigned to the lineage widely distributed across the South American Dry Diagonal (DD), reported in this study as L. cf. mystaceus, is likely paraphyletic with respect to the nominal species (Amazonian lineage), but additional data are still needed to address the taxonomic status of the DD lineage.
Four new species of Torrenticola (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from Northeastern China
Authors: GU XINYAO , JIA LAN , JIN DAOCHAO , GUO JIANJUN
Published: May 2020

Four new species of Torrenticola i.e. Torrenticola triextensio sp. nov., T. songhuaensis sp. nov., T. changbaiensis sp. nov., T. acrisarostrum sp. nov. are described from Jilin Province, P. R. China, bringing the total number of Chinese Torrenticola species to 36. This is the second report of water mites from Northeastern China in the last two decades.
First record of Athyreacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from Asia with description of two new species of Athyreacarus from India and Sri Lanka
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A. , FROLOV ANDREY V.
Published: May 2020

Mites of the family Athyreacaridae are recorded from Asia for the first time. Two new species of Athyreacarus are described, A. indicus sp. nov., collected on the beetles Bolbohamatum laevicolle and B. marginale in India, and A. brevisetosus sp. nov., collected on a beetle Bolboceras sp. in Sri Lanka. An updated key to species of the genus Athyreacarus is provided.
Tychobythinus inopinatus, a new troglobitic species from Sicily (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)
Authors: SABELLA GIORGIO , COSTANZO SALVATORE , NICOLOSI GIUSEPPE
Published: May 2020

A new troglobitic species of the subfamily Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Tychobythinus inopinatus sp. nov., is described from Monello Cave (Syracuse, Syracuse Province, Sicily). Major diagnostic features are illustrated based on both male and female specimens. The new species shows some adaptations to cave life, i.e., pale brown colour; setation consisting of long and flattened setae and suberect shorter setae; absence of wings; and anophthalmy and elongate legs and antennae. It can be easily separated from the related taxa by the different shapes of the head, palpi, gular carina of the male, and aedeagus. Tychobythinus inopinatus sp. nov. is known only from Monello Cave, a limestone cave in the south-eastern Sicily.
Relationships Stretched Thin: Social Support Mobilization in Poverty
Authors: Lubbers Miranda J. , García Hugo Valenzuela , Castaño Paula Escribano , Molina José Luis , Casellas Antònia , Rebollo Jorge Grau
Published: May 2020

Research on how the poor “make ends meet” typically shows that they are able to do so by relying on dense support networks of family and close friends. Recent research suggests, however, that these networks play a limited role. This article examines the role of informal networks in how sixty-one households in Barcelona, Spain, cope with poverty. We use a mixed-methods design that combines structured network delineation with semistructured interviews about the processes of support mobilization. Findings show a great variation in network size and resource capacity among households and in the kinds of ties that offer support. Social support was regarded as essential among members of poor households, but mobilized networks were often insufficient for covering even the most basic needs, and prolonged network mobilization could cause strain and long-term conflict. This analysis suggests that support networks may help people to cope with income volatility while simultaneously increasing the potential for social exclusion and isolation.
A Divided Sisterhood: Support Networks of Trans Sex Workers in Urban Turkey
Authors: Güler Ezgi
Published: May 2020

This article examines how transgender individuals operating in the underground sex economy in urban Turkey form supportive relationships and mobilize against various forms of violence, given structural conditions that encourage distrust and competition and undermine collective efforts among the sex workers. I found that, despite their conditions, workers heavily relied on each other for matters ranging from small-scale interpersonal exchanges of resources to community mobilization. However, the violent and unpredictable circumstances of their lives still generated repeated conflict, making their ties precarious. The article considers the importance of fictive kinship ties in this community, and discusses the coexistence of solidarity and conflict in sex workers’ relationships.
The Risk of De-Risking Innovation: Optimal R&D Strategies in Ambiguous Environments
Authors: Drakeman Donald , Oraiopoulos Nektarios
Published: May 2020

This article develops a framework for driving innovation under highly ambiguous conditions. An analysis of the most novel medicines of the past 20 years shows that a very large group of small companies created more breakthroughs, at considerably less overall cost, than a much smaller group of very large companies. This article’s findings present the first large-scale empirical validation of the theoretical literature predicting the superiority of decentralized parallel searches in ambiguous environments. Accordingly, companies that attempt to “de-risk” the innovation portfolio by narrowing their search efforts to minimize failures run the risk of filtering out the next breakthrough.
Home-Based Phototherapy Versus Hospital-Based Phototherapy for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chu Liangliang , Qiao Jianhong , Xu Cuiping
Published: May 2020

Objective. Phototherapy devices have been found to be an effective method for treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We reviewed the current literature to determine whether home-based phototherapy is more effective than hospital-based phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Method. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched to collect the comparative study of home-based phototherapy versus hospital-based phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. All studies were found to be of low risk based on Cochrane Collaborative Risk of Bias Tool. Data were statistically extracted and evaluated by RevMan 5.3 software. Result. A total of 259 neonates were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with hospital-based phototherapy, home-based phototherapy appeared more effective for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in reducing the rate of total serum bilirubin (standard mean difference = 0.32, 95% confidence interval = −0.22 to 0.86, P = .04); however, there was no signiﬁcant difference in duration of phototherapy (standard mean difference = 0.59, 95% confidence interval = 0.28 to 0.90, P = .06) in the 2 groups. Conclusion. Home-based phototherapy was more effective than hospital-based phototherapy in treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia; home-based phototherapy is an effective, feasible, safe, and alternative to hospital-based phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Risk Factors in Elite, Adolescent Male Soccer Players: Prospective Study
Authors: Sugimoto Dai , Loiacono Adam J. , Blenis Alexandra , Morse Jennifer M. , Borg Dennis R. , Meehan William P.
Published: May 2020

Purpose. To find risk factors for soccer-related musculoskeletal injuries among elite, adolescent male soccer players. Methods. Prior to the season, various physical, clinical, and functional measurements were taken. One season was used as an injury surveillance period. Then, after the season, measures of potential risk factors were compared between (1) those players who sustained musculoskeletal injuries and (2) those who remained injury free. Results. Among 61 players, 37.7% (23/61) sustained soccer-related musculoskeletal injuries. After adjusting for covariates in a logistic regression model, presence of previous hip and low back injury (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.93, P = .046) and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores (aOR = 1.92, P = .022) were independently associated with musculoskeletal injures. Conclusion. Elite, adolescent male soccer players with a history of hip and back injury are at greater risk of sustaining a soccer-related musculoskeletal injury. In addition, our study indicated greater risk of sustaining a future soccer-related injury as FMS scores increase.
Barriers to Outpatient Pediatric Chronic Pain Clinic Participation Among Referred Patients
Authors: Boppana Sushmitha S. , Miller Rebecca , Wrona Aubrey , Tumin Dmitry , Wrona Sharon , Smith Timothy P. , Bhalla Tarun , Kim Stephani S. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: May 2020

Initial clinic evaluation among referred patients and factors limiting treatment initiation are not well characterized. We conducted a retrospective review of referrals to our outpatient pain clinic to identify intake visits and factors associated with treatment initiation among adolescents with chronic pain. We identified adolescents aged 13 to 18 years at the time of referral to clinic (2010-2016). Factors associated with completion of visits were evaluated using logistic regression. Patients who completed visits more frequently had private insurance than public or no insurance ( P = .053). The most common reasons for caregiver decision not to attend the pain clinic included use of another pain clinic, that services were not wanted or no longer needed, and that their child was undergoing further testing. The current study demonstrated that patients with head pain were more likely to complete an intake visit, while there was a trend showing that lack of private insurance decreased this likelihood.
Environmental Predictors of a Drug Offender Crime Script: A Systematic Social Observation of Google Street View Images and CCTV Footage
Authors: Sytsma Victoria A. , Connealy Nathan , Piza Eric L.
Published: May 2020

The extent to which environmental context has been considered when developing crime scripts has been limited to descriptions of the locations offenders visit during the crime. This research contributes a description of the environmental characteristics of an open-air drug market and identifies environmental facilitators and inhibitors toward offender actions during a drug-selling crime script. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera footage is combined with Google Street View images to determine whether physical disorder, decay, and “crime generators” characterize the drug market under study. There is little evidence to suggest that the former two dimensions influence the crime sequence; however, crime generators such as retail facilities and bars and liquor stores are environmental facilitators toward a drug-selling crime script; and transit locations, corner stores, and public parks are environmental inhibitors toward the script.
Doing Family Differently in School-to-Home Contexts: Gay Fathers at the Schoolhouse Door
Authors: Leland Andrew S.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This qualitative, phenomenological study explores gay fatherhood visibility in schools. The study was guided by prior research on families headed by lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) parents, as well as the theoretical exploration of “doing family” for LGBTQ-headed households and queer families. Data Collection and Analysis: Data primarily consisted of two, face-to-face, semistructured interviews with 22 gay-fathered households living in one of two different community types: gay-friendly areas, or those known for LGBTQ inclusion and protection, and intolerant towns, or those with little-to-no evidence of inclusion and protection. Additionally, this study included artifacts such as handbooks, letters about events, and documents related to school curricula. All data were analyzed inductively. Findings: Nearly all fathers came out, or had disclosed their sexual orientation to school personnel—particularly in gay-friendly areas. Nevertheless, findings indicate that assumptions of heterosexuality persisted in both gay-friendly and intolerant areas to some extent. Some attempts to be more inclusive and representative of gay-fathered families depended on community type, but even these attempts did not recognize a wider spectrum of family configurations that may constitute gay fatherhood. Implications: This study raises questions about how school personnel, and leaders in particular, consider a wider spectrum of family configurations as they interact with students and students’ families. The findings provide insight into future scholarship focused on gay fatherhood, as well as how leadership programs can prepare leaders with the necessary skills and knowledge to interact with nondominant family structures.
Introspecting Gender Concerns in National Action Plan for Climate Change of India
Authors: Singh Avantika
Published: May 2020

The climate sceptics faltered at COP21 Paris summit after climate change was accepted as a real threat. An agreement across tables on historical ‘polluters pay’ principle shifted the burden of curbing the emissions on developed economies. However, gender concerns were conspicuous by their absence in all agreements. Mary Robinson, a UN envoy at the summit precisely pointed out that Paris climate summit’s gender imbalance with substantial male domination is inimical to taking appropriate action to save people from climate change risks. The research shows a poor track record with minimum or no presence of women representatives in any breakthrough deal and discussion. There is a tendency to avert their voices and concerns in any stamped deals done by governments and organisations at international, national, sub-national levels. Despite such gender omission, the policy discourse carries an inherent assumption of gender neutrality while designing adaptation and mitigation efforts in averting climate-related stress. This paper is an attempt to unravel such ungendered tendency, by a critical examination of the National Action Plan for Climate Change in India to bring out an apparent masculinisation of the policy discourse.
Deciphering Regional Disparity in Western Odisha: Looking Through the Prism of History
Authors: Ratha Keshab Chandra
Published: May 2020

Western Odisha has experienced hardships as the most backward region in the state of Odisha in all domains. The discrimination in terms of infrastructure, poverty reduction, literacy, education and health in this region by the successive governments of Odisha, establishment of institutions like Western Odisha Development Council (WODC) with its headquarters at Bhubaneswar with a small fraction of budget, less representation of people in decision-making bodies create a feeling of neglect and deprivation. The major thrust of this paper is to explore the multifarious factors causing the regional disparity in Western Odisha. It is only through mass awareness, empathetic, soft corner attitude of both central and state governments, involvement of NGOs, civil society organisations and change in power structure of the Koshal region regional balance in the state can be ensured.
Role of Mg2Si particles on mechanical, wear, and corrosion behaviors of friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 and Al-Mg2Si composite
Authors: Moharami A , Razaghian A , Babaei B , Ojo OO , Šlapáková M
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates the effect of different tool pin morphologies on the inter-mixing capability, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion, fracture, and wear behaviors of the dissimilar friction stir welded AA6061-T6 alloy--Al 20wt% Mg2Si composite. Grooved shoulder tools with varying pin profiles such as tapered cylindrical, threaded tapered cylindrical, and triangular tapered pins were used for joining the base materials. The parameter combination of 80 mm/min travel speed and 1000 r/min rotation speed (at which no visible flow-induced defect was obtained) was used for this study. Among the pin profiles, the triangular tapered pin produced significantly improved intermingling/inter-material flow, fragmentation, and dispersion of the primary Mg2Si particles in the AA6061-T6/Al-Mg2Si joint. The triangular tapered tool reduced the average grain sizes of the AA6061 alloy and the Mg2Si particles from 18.4 to 4.6 µm and from 115 to 7.5 µm, respectively. Intermetallic phases of Mg2Si, AlFe, Al3.21Si0.47, and Al0.7Fe3Si0.3 are formed in the weld nugget of all the AA6061/Al-Mg2Si joints. The tensile strengths of the joints fabricated with tapered cylindrical, threaded tapered cylindrical, and triangular tapered tools are 108, 139, and 141 MPa, respectively. Abrasive wear is promoted in the joints fabricated with triangular tapered tool due to the homogeneous dispersion and fragmentation of the inherent hard Mg2Si particles. The corrosion attack is dependent on the fragmentation level of the Mg2Si phase. Triangular tapered pin tool is recommended for dissimilar Al/composite welding due to favorable tool-induced material flow, dispersion, and fragmentation of reinforcement.
Government procurement policy and the establishment of manufacturing: Aircraft industry in Australia, Canada and South Africa 1918–39
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Bamforth Jill
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the different aircraft procurement policies of the Canadian, Australian and South Africa air forces in the formative years of the industry in each country between the world wars. In doing so, it will highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses exhibited by the different approaches taken by the three governments attempting to build up aircraft manufacturing in the inter-war period (1918–39). Before 1938, the Australian and South African governments made no attempt to attract investment by British and American aircraft manufacturers, the opposite of what Canadian Government did; as a result, the industry was less developed in the former two countries when the Second World War broke out.
Body Awareness and its Relation to Quality of Life in Individuals with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Yagci Gozde , Karatel Merve , Yakut Yavuz
Published: May 2020

An individual’s body awareness depends on the integration of bodily signals from both inside and outside the body. The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis includes a variety of somatosensorial and biomechanical alterations that may affect an individual’s body awareness. In this study, we investigated body awareness and its relation to quality of life among individuals with idiopathic scoliosis. We studied 96 participants with scoliosis and 71 healthy control participants. We evaluated both participant groups’ body awareness using the Awareness-Body-Chart, and we assessed the quality of life of those with scoliosis using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire. The overall body awareness score and the body awareness values for the face, cervical/lumbar region, back, shoulder, upper arm, lower arm/elbow, hand, genital area, thigh/hip, lower leg, and foot were all found to be significantly lower among the participants with scoliosis than among healthy participants. Among participants with scoliosis, the body awareness value for the back region was positively correlated with pain, body image, mental health, and overall quality of life scores on the SRS-22, whereas the pain score on the Awareness-Body-Chart was negatively correlated with the function/activity, pain, mental health, and overall scores for the SRS-22. This study showed that participants with idiopathic scoliosis have poorer body awareness than control participants without scoliosis, and body awareness among participants with scoliosis was correlated with their self-reports of pain, body image, function, and mental health. These findings highlight the particular importance of body awareness to quality of life for individuals with scoliosis.
The “Levels” Problem in Assessing Organizational Climate: Evidence From the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey
Authors: Thompson James R. , Siciliano Michael D.
Published: May 2020

The Federal Employees Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) has gained prominence as the primary vehicle through which agencies assess the work-related attitudes of their employees. Within the discipline, the FEVS results have proven a fertile source of data on the job-related attitudes of public employees. However, concerns have been raised with the instrument and with how the FEVS data has been used by scholars. This article highlights a concern with the use of ambiguous terms which impede interpretation of the FEVS results. An investigation in partnership with officials from the regional office of a federal agency confirmed the divergent meanings respondents assign terms such as “my organization” and brought to the fore the extent to which, in large organizations, employee attitudes are distinctive to the units to which they belong at different hierarchical levels. The literature on organizational climate provides a useful framework within which the phenomenon can be understood and analyzed.
A Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention to Increase Interaction between Siblings with and without Autism
Authors: Watkins Laci , Tomeny Theodore , O’Reilly Mark , Sillis Katherine H. , Zamora Claudia
Published: May 2020

Research suggests that including typically developing siblings in interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be beneficial. However, studies have predominantly involved only participants with mild symptoms of ASD and have not also reported outcomes for the typically developing sibling. The purpose of this study was to address these gaps by replicating and extending an intervention package consisting of structured, interest-based play activities, adult instruction and modeling, and response to child questions. A reversal design across two sibling dyads was used to demonstrate the effects of the intervention on the social interaction behaviors of the child with ASD and typically developing sibling. Social interaction increased for both sibling dyads, results generalized for one dyad, and multiple measures indicated a high level of social validity. Recommendations for practitioners and caregivers working with children with ASD and potential areas of future research are discussed.
Transoral Excision of Parapharyngeal Tumors
Authors: Lao Wilson P. , Han Peter S. , Lee Nathan H. , Gilde Jason E. , Inman Jared C.
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

The transoral approach for parapharyngeal space tumors has been criticized due to its restrictive exposure and increased rate of vascular and nerve injuries. However, for certain tumors—namely those that are prestyloid, benign, and well-encapsulated—the transoral approach reduces overall morbidity while providing direct access. Transoral surgeons can rely on this approach for select tumors seen clearly on intraoral examination in the bulging lateral pharynx. In this article and with a supplemental operative technique video, we demonstrate our transoral approach in these select patients.

Methods:

We reviewed our 26 cases using this approach and chose a representative case of a 50-year-old man who presented with a large, prestyloid, encapsulated parapharyngeal mass affecting his voice and swallowing. A transoral approach to the parapharyngeal tumor is illustrated.

Results:

A vertical curvilinear incision is completed from the hamulus to below the inferior extent of the tumor. Blunt dissection of the tumor capsule proceeds inferiorly. Controlled violation of the tumor capsule can aid in visualization. After tumor delivery, the wound is irrigated and closed.

Conclusions:

In our experience, the transoral approach is an effective method to access well-encapsulated, prestyloid parapharyngeal space tumors. Patient selection is important when considering a transoral approach.
Mature Cervical Teratoma Extending Into the Anterior Mediastinum of an Adult
Authors: Deng Huiyi , Wang Zhiyuan , Yang Qintai , Ye Jin
Published: May 2020

There have been few reports of mature cystic teratoma, also known as a dermoid cyst, in the head and neck. Cervical neck teratoma extending into the mediastinum is also relatively rare. Here, we report a mature teratoma found in a cervical tumor in a 21-year-old man. This is the first reported case of a mature cervical teratoma extending into the anterior mediastinum. A combination of frontal X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a large oval heterogeneous mass surrounding the thyroid gland and trachea, underneath the sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid, which pressed on the left lobar thyroid and trachea and extended into the anterior mediastinum. Based on preoperative observation, a diagnosis of an embryonal benign tumor was made. Although rare, this case demonstrates that these tumors should be completely removed during workup of cervical tumors.
Understanding Re-partnership in Non-normative Conjugality: Narratives of Gay Men in Odisha, India
Authors: Mishra Jayaprakash
Published: May 2020

Drawing on biographical narratives of two gay men in mixed-orientation marriage who have later gone on to establish re-partnership with another gay man, this paper seeks to critique the inherent heteronormativity in the discussion around re-partnership. It examines the consequential kinship dynamics among concerned social actors such as gay men, straight women, and their biological children, and their ongoing negotiations with the social institutions of marriage and family. Further, the discussion around re-partnership between two gay men in a Western context does not necessarily consider the alternative negotiations that characterize South Asian queer experiences. Borrowing from De Villiers’ concept of queer opacity (2012) and Jingshu Zhu’s (2017) ambivalence, the paper demonstrates that the kinning process of gay men in mixed-orientation marriage forging partnership with other gay men exists in a continuum. The boundary between what needs to be undone and what needs to be redone is porous, ambiguous, and interpenetrative. In that case, this paper suggests a non-Western framework to understand re-partnership in non-normative conjugality.
Being a Working Grandmother, Mother, and Daughter at the Same Time: A “Double Sandwich” in a Four-generation Family
Authors: Manor Shlomit
Published: May 2020

A four-generation family imposes a burden of roles upon the grandparents, who are sandwiched between the ascendant generation of great-grandparents and the descendant generations of adult children and grandchildren. This study focused on working grandmothers, examines how they maneuver between the needs of their children, grandchildren and their task-load, the women did not perceive their situation negatively. Rather, they maneuver between the various roles and express a general contentment with their lives. The findings show that these women see their work as a private domain that provides protection from the duties related to caregiving. Applying the extended concept of “double sandwich”, the study describes the complex position of working women in four-tiered intergenerational structure.
A Bioresorbable Fiducial for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Fischman Victoria , Ivanovic Vladimir , Jalisi Scharukh
Published: May 2020

We aim to evaluate a novel bioresorbable fiducial for marking tumor bed margins in head and neck cancers (HNCs) to improve upon current use of nonresorbable materials. A feasibility test was done placing the marker (L‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone) in an orange for computed tomography (CT) and applesauce for T1‐, T2‐, and PD‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image acquisition, using routine clinical parameters. The resulting CT and MRI images showed excellent delineation of the marker with all of its margins well seen without adjacent artifact. The marker appeared similar to air on CT and MRI, surrounded by fluid‐like appearance of the medium. Surgical bed appearance when radiotherapy is planned should not produce any artifact near the marker, and there should be no inherent marker‐related artifact. These pilot CT and MR images show clinical utility for intraoperative marking of positive margins in the skull base or neck to guide future treatment and monitoring.
Obesity as a Predictor of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Shao Diana , Straub Jeffrey , Matrka Laura
Published: May 2020

Objective

To examine the effect of including obesity with parameters of the I‐TRACH scale in predicting the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Study Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Consecutive patients were identified retrospectively over a 45‐month period based on need for mechanical ventilation in the medical intensive care unit. Chart review was performed to collect demographic information as well as clinical data, including duration of mechanical ventilation, body mass index (BMI), and I‐TRACH parameters (heart rate >110, serum urea nitrogen >25, serum pH <7.25, serum creatinine >2, serum bicarbonate <20). Statistical analysis was performed to identify any predictors of prolonged mechanical ventilation, defined as ≥14 days and as ≥10 days.

Results

In total, 455 patients were identified, with an average duration of mechanical ventilation of 10.4 days (range, 0‐248 days). On univariate and multivariate regression analysis, only BMI >30 reached statistical significance with respect to prolonged mechanical ventilation (P <. 05). The I‐TRACH parameters—either alone or in combination—were not significantly predictive.

Conclusion

This study challenges previous findings regarding the I‐TRACH scale and the relation of its parameters to prolonged mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, BMI >30 alone was predictive of prolonged intubation. Inclusion of BMI in predictive models could assist current decision making in determining the likelihood of prolonged mechanical ventilation in medical intensive care unit patients going forward, and obesity should be considered a predictor of prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Physician‐Assisted Suicide for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kligerman Maxwell P. , Divi Vasu
Published: May 2020

A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using data from Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act (DWDA) to characterize patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) who seek physician‐assisted suicide (PAS). Between 1998 and 2018, a total of 57 patients with HNC received DWDA prescriptions, of whom 39 (68.4%) died by administration of the prescribed medication. There were no associated complications with medication administration. The most commonly involved subsites were oral cavity (33.3%) and oropharynx (30.8%), and the most commonly cited end‐of‐life concerns were loss of ability to engage in activities that make life enjoyable (79.5%) and loss of autonomy (74.4%). There were no differences in age, race, marital status, or hospice enrollment rates between patients with HNC who died by administration and those who were prescribed but did not administer the medication. Patients who died by administration were generally less educated as compared to those who were prescribed but did not administer the medication (P =. 015).