bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VETERINARY-SANITARY CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYSIS OF THE SPREAD OF ASSOCIATIVE DISEASES AMONG CATTLE IN LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Gulden Mukhamed Dzhakhitovich , Makhova Indira Khasenovna ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Kalabekov Mutalif Ibragimovich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2024

To ensure high sanitary quality of livestock products, it is necessary to monitor the health of animals in compliance with all veterinary and sanitary standards. Systematic deworming of animals is currently one of the main measures to combat helminthiasis. But despite the activities carried out, the animals remain constantly infected with helminths. Dictyoculosis is a helminthic disease of animals caused by a trematode and affecting the lungs. Dictyoculosis causes quite serious economic damage, which is formed by a decrease in productivity, weight loss, preventive measures, and costs associated with treatment. Animals are infected in pastures, in areas with high humidity. Young animals are more often infected, due to joint maintenance with adult animals, in which dictyoculosis is usually asymptomatic. A study by a number of scientists has shown that most diseases of cattle, accompanied by damage to the respiratory system, occur in the type of mixed diseases. Epizootic observations show that cases of mixed (associative) course of dictyoculosis and pasteurellosis are often recorded in natural conditions. Helminthiasis significantly changes the chemical composition of meat, which further determines its nutritional value. The amount of water increases and the amount of protein and fat decreases, protein in subcutaneous fat contains less by 1.84%, pure fat – by 5.43%, ash – by 0.1%; in internal fat, respectively, by 1.61; 4.81; 0.12%; intramuscular – by 2.14; 5.41 and 0.13%. As a result of the high moisture content, meat becomes a favorable environment for the development of putrefactive microflora. The result of our research has shown that the invaded meat creates favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic microflora, which, accordingly, will affect the maturation of meat and its shelf life.
RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES OF BLOOD AND MILK FOR LEUKEMIA USING RID AND PCR
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Larionov Sergey Vasilyevich , Pochepnya Ekaterina Sergeevna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Agoltsov Valery Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Chernykh Oleg Yuryevich ,   Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Biryukova Oksana Petrovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to substantiate the use of PCR for blood and milk analysis of cows in a farm with poor bovine enzootic leukemia. When comparing the effectiveness of serological and molecular genetic methods of laboratory diagnostics, it was found that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is more sensitive to the detection of bovine leukemia virus infected by the method in comparison with the immune diffusion reaction (RID). A total of 271 blood samples and 271 milk samples from cows were examined. In the RID with blood serum samples obtained from 271 heads of cattle, positive results (the presence of antibodies against the leukemia virus) were detected in 43 samples, which also showed the presence of proviral DNA in PCR. The results of REED and PCR studies of blood serum were identical in 38.1% of cases. Parallel studies of PCR diagnostics additionally revealed 70 heads of cattle infected with the virus. As a result of the study of blood samples in PCR using the Leukosis test systems, the presence of proviral DNA of the virus was detected in 113 of the 271 samples studied. The DNA of the pathogen was found in both whole blood and serum, as well as in a blood clot resuspended with buffered saline solution and in whole milk from sick animals. For the study of milk in REED, lactoserum was previously obtained according to the original (developed by university staff) methodology. Of the 271 milk samples studied, 40 cows were found to be lactoseropositive. Studies in RID of whey confirmed the results obtained in RID with blood serum in 93% of cows. The results of REED and PCR studies of blood serum demonstrate a sensitivity of PCR significantly exceeding the sensitivity of REED, however, when analyzing the results of studies, the age and physiological parameters of the tested animals should be taken into account, since the level of antibodies and the amount of proviral DNA in their lifetime can vary significantly.
ANALYSIS OF GENOMIC DIVERSITY OF ISOLATES AND STRAINS OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS AND THE FUNCTIONS OF MGF360 AND MGF505
Authors:   Kazan State Agrarian University, Sibgatullova Adylya Kamilevna , Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Shaidullin Radik Rafailovich ,   Kazan State Agrarian University, Kalabekov Mutalif Ibragimovich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2024

The review provides information on the functions and genomic diversity of African swine fever virus isolates and strains of multigene families 360 and 505. A feature of the ASF virus genome is the presence of a large number of multigene families (MGFs) in it. The genome of the ASF virus widely contains genes of the multigene families 360 and 530, which affect virus replication in macrophages and virulence. These families of ASF virus are known to play an important role in suppressing the type I interferon response and increasing virulence in domestic pigs. The mechanism by which these genes influence virus-host interactions is still unknown. Gain or loss of fragments of multigene families results in variations in genomic DNA length observed between different ASFV isolates. There is evidence that isolates and strains with deletions in the MGS 360 and 505 region are able to reduce the virulence of the ASF virus. Studies by many researchers show that multiple deletions in several genes of the African swine fever virus can reduce virulence and actively contribute to the formation of cellular immunity.
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE EAEU MEMBER STATES AS A FACTOR OF THE REPRODUCTION PROCESS
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories - All–Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Pyatinsky Alexander Sergeevich
Published: October 2024

In the EAEU member states, the increased economic independence of economic entities and administrative territories, the need to strengthen integration processes in agro-industrial production, the development of interregional exchange and mutual trade in food products and agricultural raw materials, the elimination or weakening of the dependence of the agri-food market and its individual food segments on large-scale import supplies of food goods and agricultural raw materials objectively require the improvement of the territorial and sectoral structure of agro-industrial production on a fundamentally new basis, in organic unity with the accelerated development of rural areas, their rational organization on the principle of territorial intersectoral clusters. New approaches are needed to solve the problem of deepening the territorial and sectoral division of labor in agro-industrial production, aimed at the effective use of the bioclimatic potential and production resources of the territories, the dynamic growth of agricultural production, raw materials and food, increasing their efficiency and competitiveness, improving interregional exchange and export-import operations. In the European Economic Union, this problem has not yet received a comprehensive solution, and there is no coordination of work on it. Its solution is a complex and multifaceted process associated with a change in the production structure of enterprises, districts, natural zones and regions, requiring time and investment, coordinated actions of the state and business. At the same time, improving the existing territorial and sectoral division of labor in agro-industrial production is the least costly factor in its development, increasing the production of scarce types of agricultural products, raw materials and food, implementing accelerated import substitution and creating the necessary export resources.
ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE WORLD PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors:   St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Peter the Great, Sinitsova Yana Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

The article describes and applies the author's methodology for analyzing and evaluating the innovative activity of global pharmaceutical transnational corporations. The relevance of the analysis is determined by the extremely high social significance of the pharmaceutical industry for the world population, states of the world and pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. Due to the long development cycle of original, innovative medicines and the high cost of clinical trials, this category of products is produced by global transnational corporations that have large production facilities and research laboratories (centers). Original innovative pharmaceutical products are the driving force behind the development of the global pharmaceutical industry, in accordance with this, there is an objective need to develop new tools and mechanisms for analyzing and evaluating the innovative development of the global pharmaceutical industry within the framework of global pharmaceutical transnational corporations. With the help of an integrated approach, a methodology was developed for assessing the innovative activity of the world's transnational corporations according to the selected parameters. Within the framework of the author's methodology, the largest pharmaceutical manufacturing companies that are engaged in innovative developments in the field of pharmaceuticals have been identified. Also, within the framework of the author's methodology, the main indicators were determined to determine the innovative activity of the world's pharmaceutical transnational corporations, such as: the volume and share of investments of the TOP-10 leading pharmaceutical transnational corporations in research and development of innovative pharmaceutical products; the total number of drugs in development by the TOP-10 leading pharmaceutical transnational corporations. Problems in the global pharmaceutical industry associated with providing the population with innovative medicines are identified and analyzed, and author's recommendations for their elimination are proposed.
ACCOUNTING FOR TAX DIFFERENCES IN THE LIGHT OF THE APPLICATION OF FSBU 6/2020
Authors:   Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Vasilyeva Tatyana Yurievna , Vasilyeva Maria Pavlovna ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to study the modern features of accounting and tax accounting of fixed assets in Russian organizations and develop recommendations regarding certain provisions of the accounting policy of a commercial organization. The article uses such research methods as the study and generalization of normative-legislative acts and scientific literature, logical and comparative methods of study. In connection with the introduction of the FSBU 6/2020 standard, starting with the reporting for 2022, the usual procedure for accounting for fixed assets has changed significantly: completely new terms have been introduced, one depreciation method has been canceled, and for the other three it is necessary to take into account the salvage value of fixed assets, the cost criterion has changed classifying property as fixed assets, introduced a mandatory check for depreciation, and more. In this connection, the article discusses how accounting and tax accounting can be brought together, as well as specific calculated examples of the appearance of tax differences that lead to the complication of financial accounting for companies applying PBU 18/02 “Accounting for settlements on corporate income tax”. It should be noted here that small businesses have the right not to apply RAS 18/02, and they also use significant simplifications in the field of accounting for fixed assets: they have the right not to change the initial cost of fixed assets when changing liquidation estimated liabilities; do not check fixed assets for impairment; disclose in the financial statements information on fixed assets to a limited extent in accordance with 3 FSB 6/2020, therefore, the recommendations given in the article relate mostly to medium and large businesses.
GREEN BONDS AS A FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT
Authors:   Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after acad. D.N. Pryanishnikov, Marchenko Alexey Viktorovich , Trotsenko Vyacheslav Mikhailovich ,   Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after acad. D.N. Pryanishnikov
Published: October 2024

A new perception of society and the emergence of the need to solve social and environmental problems led to a non-standard approach and the need to create a new financial product (instrument). In this context, green bonds have become a new financial instrument that allows to better respond to the topics of sustainable development of the territory while maintaining a focus on a constant, albeit not high, yield with directions for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. The article considers the conceptual apparatus associated with "green" bonds, revealing the general economic and social aspects of a financial instrument, provides examples of the requirements for issuers issuing them, indicates the main direction of application and the peculiarity of the direction of these financial instruments. The authors present a modern overview of the stage of development of financial instruments of "green" bonds, related business processes that require accounting and implementation of greening approaches that reflect the importance for the state. The considered trend of reducing the anthropogenic load on the environment, rational nature management, as a principle of organizing production, is the key to the successful and promising development of both large corporations and small-scale production, as well as the influence of the state mechanism on the possible promotion and partial financing of this direction. Innovative in this area is the financial instrument "green bonds", which are only gaining distribution in the world. The use of "green bonds" as an investment tool allows you to achieve not only financial benefits, but also social and ethical aspects of the implementation of the development of society, which are reflected and implemented in social ecology and marketing.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Salimova Guzel Anasovna , Sagadeeva Elza Faizovna ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

Labor productivity is one of the main indicators of production efficiency, the rate of change in labor productivity reflects the macroeconomic development of the territory, the state. The problem of increasing labor productivity in the current difficult conditions of the functioning of the world economy is relevant. Modern trends, changes, structural transformations in the economy, in society, make their own adjustments to the already developed models of labor productivity, to theoretical laws, patterns, and existing relationships. The article discusses some aspects of the analysis of labor productivity, built dynamic and spatial models. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of labor productivity in agriculture as an industry that in modern conditions is important for ensuring the sustainable development of the country and the well-being of the population. The research methodology is represented by a system of methods. At the first stage, a study was made of the time series of indices of real wages of employees of organizations and labor productivity. In modern research, the issues of the relationship between productivity and wages are not sufficiently covered. This is due to the emergence of many other factors affecting the efficiency of production (digitalization of the economy, the use of digital technologies in production, the political environment). Meanwhile, the issues of increasing the efficiency of the use of labor force and the corresponding decent level of wages are currently of particular relevance. At the second stage of the study, labor productivity was assessed through the rate of change in the share of wages in the gross domestic product. At the third stage of the study, an applied correlation-regression model of the dependence of the level of labor productivity in agriculture on factors was built. Modeling showed that labor productivity in agriculture in the regions of the Russian Federation today depends to a greater extent on the level of technical equipment of the industry, on the efficiency of crop cultivation. The economic links between the level of productivity and wages have been disrupted. There is a certain reserve for increasing labor productivity by motivating employees. The successful development of agricultural production lies in the plane of innovation, digital technologies, attracting investments, increasing the level of interest of those employed in the results of labor, and the production of quality products.
DIGITAL SYSTEM "AGROINNOVATOR" FOR ACCELERATION OF INNOVATIVE PROJECTS IN AGRIBUSINESS
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Vorotnikov Igor Leonidovich , Morenova Elena Aleksandrovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Shmelev Aleksey Petrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

Relevance and goals. The article discusses the features of the implementation of acceleration programs on the basis of agricultural universities, which are one of the tools for involving talented youth in entrepreneurial activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze acceleration programs and develop practical recommendations for the implementation of accelerators on the basis of an agricultural university. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, methods of system analysis, an abstract-logical method were used, methods were applied that made it possible to identify the key characteristics of business accelerators, methods of complex and structural-dynamic analysis, expert assessments (prioritization). Results. The article presents the current state of the needs of the state and employers, in particular, in personnel ready for entrepreneurial activity. The need for the introduction of project-oriented intensives and acceleration programs as tools for the intensive development of innovative ideas is substantiated. Discussion The formation of the input funnel of the acceleration program from among the leading agrarian universities of the country in a consortium with Vavilov University, consistent teaching of the theoretical foundations, the formation of agricultural projects and practice-oriented training on the basis of model agrostructures of the university is substantiated. The article presents a model of the organizational structure that manages the acceleration program, which makes it possible to involve structural divisions of universities, mentors, experts and industrial partners in the implementation of the accelerator. Findings. The implementation of acceleration programs on the basis of universities will allow to actively develop the start-up industry in the modern realities of the economy, when every successful start-up contributes to the development of the economy, while forming the technological sovereignty of the country.
THE ECONOMIC NECESSITY OF SOLVING CONFLICT-OF-LAW PROBLEMS OF ASSIGNING AND CONDUCTING COMPLEX FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS WHEN CONSIDERING CASES IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Abakumov Roman Grigorievich
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify and concretize the actual economic conflict–of-laws tasks of legislative regulation of the appointment and conduct of complex forensic examinations when considering cases in the field of construction economics. Special attention in this work is paid to the formation of an integrated economic approach to identifying conflicts of legislative regulation of complex expertise in the field of construction economics. The main provisions of the introduced regulatory documents related to the appointment and conduct of complex forensic examinations in the construction economy are given, and the main contradictions and uncertainties affecting economic indicators are listed. The article also considered the economic factors of the need for complex forensic examinations when considering cases in the field of construction economics, as well as the mandatory components of an economic expert opinion. The scientific novelty of the work consists in carrying out a systematic analysis of the existing legislative framework of the Russian Federation in the field of complex forensic examinations at the time of writing; in identifying the economically reasoned need to settle, systematize and clarify some normative legal acts for a unified interpretation of the law and eliminate existing errors and contradictions and reduce court costs. The results of the study of the problems hindering the qualitative and timely production of a forensic complex examination in construction affecting economic indicators are presented. The ways of elimination of the revealed discrepancies in the regulatory regulation of the appointment and conduct of complex forensic examinations, allowing to optimize the court costs of the parties, are proposed. In the article, the authors propose some aspects of economic requirements that need to be included in the solution of conflict-of-law tasks of assigning and conducting complex forensic examinations in the field of construction economics.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF REGULATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-BORDER INTERACTION
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, Shchitov Sergey Efimovich , Likholetova Nadezhda Vladimirovna ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center
Published: October 2024

Goal. Study of world practice and analysis of Russian experience in building cross-border cooperation between regions of neighboring countries. In world practice, the initiative to eliminate border barriers and restrictions is increasingly being formed and is gaining theoretical justification at the regional and municipal levels. The greatest impetus to the development of this direction is given by the strengthening of economic ties between enterprises and public organizations of the contacting countries, the general growth of business activity in the border zones. It is not uncommon for border regions located on the periphery of states to demonstrate a low level of socio-economic development, or are depressed due to their remoteness from the industrial, technological and raw material centers of states. At the same time, these territories are geographical, economic and political "points of contact" with neighboring states, can act as intermediaries and conductors of interstate dialogue. The presence of a border location can be turned into a factor of activation of regional development in the presence of appropriate programs. A positive impulse to accelerate the growth of the national economy is formed as a result of the expansion of cross-border cooperation based on the fuller use of competitive advantages remote from the center. Method. Critical aspects of the development of cross-border interaction are the possibilities of assessing its impact on the national economy, in the context of developing a methodology and a mechanism for its regulation. This aspect of limnological research has not received enough scientific research and requires detailed study. Scientific novelty. The study presents a methodological algorithm for regulating the economy in the context of the development of cross-border interaction between the regions of the state, consisting of seven stages and three levels. Result. The algorithm model reflects the relationship between the integration potential of cross-border interaction of regions and measures to regulate the development of the national economy on the example of the agricultural sector. Further, on this basis, it is supposed to identify the main ways of state development within the framework of integration processes.
POVERTY OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION IS A PROBLEM OF RUSSIA TRANSFORMATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg Branch), Zaloznaya Galina Mikhailovna , Guseva Elena Petrovna ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg Branch), Matveeva Olga Borisovna ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg Branch), Yeremyakin Alexey Vasilyevich ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg Branch)
Published: October 2024

The solution of the issues of poverty and insecurity of the population is very important today and occupies the main attention, both in Russia as a whole and in the regions of the country. The population with monetary incomes below the subsistence minimum of the current year is about twenty million people or 12.6% of the total population. The President of the Russian Federation has set a task to reduce the poverty level by two times by 2024, that is, to 6.6%. In the forecast of macroeconomic development, the Russian government raises these issues and plans a budget with appropriate measures. The task is not simple, not easy, and in this regard, a deep analysis of the situation and the development of effective measures that should solve this problem are of the utmost importance. Today in Russia, a significant part of the population lives below the poverty line and does not even receive a living wage. At the same time, there is a strong inequality in income of the population, which increases every year and is one of the factors of Russian poverty. Proposals to reduce the level of poverty in the Russian Federation are considered. To achieve this goal, a set of measures of state support for the poor has been developed, which is aimed at increasing the real incomes of the country's population and reducing the level of Russian poverty. These measures include both targeted support for the poor (for example, benefits for the first and second child), and general socio-economic measures, for example, an increase in the minimum wage. However, there is no certainty that the measures taken in this direction to support low-income segments of the population will be enough.
INDICATORS AND FACTORS OF INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories - All–Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Pyatinsky Alexander Sergeevich
Published: October 2024

The main sources of increasing agricultural production are the growth of investment and productivity in general due to innovation. The method based on the use of innovations makes it possible to produce competitive agricultural products by managing the following factors: increasing soil fertility, improving the breeding and seed production of grain crops, since only zoned varieties and seeds of high reproductions can sustainably ensure the growth of grain crops; strengthening of the material and technical base of the agricultural industry, which allows timely implementation of the entire range of agrotechnical measures and minimizing losses at all stages of the production process; the use of chemical and biological means of protection. The criteria of intensification of production are understood as the main signs of efficiency assessment, which reveal its essence. The meaning of the production intensification criterion follows from the need to maximize the results obtained or minimize the costs incurred based on the set goals of the enterprise development. Such goals can be ensuring survival, achieving sustainable growth, structural adjustment, social strategy, etc. With all the variety of these goals, achieving the best economic results, striving to extract the greatest amount of profit, taking into account the long-term development prospects, becomes dominant.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF USING STATE SUPPORT FOR PEASANT FARMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA
Authors:   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov, Tsydypova Alyona Viktorovna , Bazarova Maria Urbinovna ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov, Tsyrenova Irina Bazarzhapovna ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov
Published: October 2024

Peasant farming is one of the active small forms of farming in rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia. Small business in agriculture plays an important role in the Republic of Buryatia. Small entrepreneurship in rural areas makes a certain contribution to the integrated development of rural areas. The concepts of "peasant (farmer) economy" by different authors are given. Farmers tend to produce a large number of marketable products using both their own and leased means of production and employing not only family members, but also workers. The purpose of the study is to finance the peasant (farmer) economy of the Republic of Buryatia. In the course of the research, such tasks as the consideration of the concept of "peasant (farmer) economy", the study of forms of grant support for the development of small forms of management in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Buryatia were solved. The analysis of the financing of farms in these regions and the effectiveness of the use of state support for farms is carried out. As part of the activities of the state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets, small farms have the opportunity to receive grant support, subsidies and use preferential loans. Currently, various forms of grant support are provided for the development of small businesses: "support for novice farmers", "development of family farms", "agrostartap". An assessment of the effectiveness of implementation is given: according to the results of 2021, the largest number of recipients of the grant "development of family farms", as well as recipients of a grant for the development of material and technical agricultural consumer cooperatives were recorded; the implementation of the State program On the example of LLC "Buyan" of the Kyakhtinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia, which is one of the largest farms in the Republic. The problems of the development of farms in the Republic of Buryatia are revealed. An effective system of state support for small entrepreneurship in rural areas is of great importance not only for the development of small forms of management, but also for the integrated development of rural areas of the country as a whole. The development of small-scale farming in rural areas contributes to the creation of new jobs.
MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC PROTECTION OF THE INTERESTS OF A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Ilyin Pyotr Andreevich
Published: October 2024

The presence of structural changes in the world economy, the consequences of sanitary and epidemiological restrictions, as well as the increase in international tension with the transition to armed conflicts near the borders of the Russian Federation make it necessary to formulate criteria and possibilities for protecting the economic interests of the population and the state. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study the issues of ensuring the protection of the economic interests of non-profit organizations, since in the conditions of rapid changes in the situation, it is these enterprises, including those with state participation, that in many ways allow them to implement the above-mentioned tasks without the purpose of extracting profit from their activities. In the course of the research, a general model for assessing the level of economic protection of the interests of non-profit organizations has been proposed, which has the form: . The peculiarity of the author's approach to the formation of the model is that as factors affecting the level of economic protection of the interests of a non-profit organization, the model included not only financial indicators, but also indicators that take into account the personnel and management aspect. The overall level of economic security, indicated by the dependent variable Y, is influenced by factors (level of expenses), (property security), (personnel) and (managerial) potential. According to the results of the study, during which the analysis of randomly modeled data was carried out, evaluated depending on the specified criteria in the score included in the general model, a private model of the form Ŷ=0.408+0.349×X1+0.482×X3 was obtained. A study of the general model, as well as the included variables, was conducted, as a result of which, with a significance level equal to 0.01, the level of expenses and the personnel potential of the organization were significant. The obtained research results can be applied in practice by administrative and statistical services of enterprises and state bodies.
ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Shvedov Lev Alexandrovich , Belyaeva Olga Vladimirovna ,   Russian University of Cooperation, Berezina Valentina Viktorovna ,   Russian University of Cooperation
Published: October 2024

The introduction of sanctions restrictions has a negative impact on all participants in the economic activity of the Russian economy, including small and medium-sized economic entities. Compared to large businesses, the possible costs in them are not so noticeable. However, under the current conditions, small and medium-sized enterprises are less resistant to changes and crisis phenomena and are more at risk of bankruptcy or complete cessation of activity, which justifiably leads to a revision of their economic behavior. The small size of business entities does not give them the opportunity to create the necessary large-scale business effect and have sufficient stability in relation to market entities. Practice shows that, among other things, the majority of SME companies are characterized by an insufficiently mature corporate governance system and openness towards investors. On the other hand, these forms of management constantly demonstrate high mobility and susceptibility to new conditions, since to a lesser extent, compared with large entities, they depend on old technologies and management schemes. Regardless of their specific characteristics, enterprises face limited resources, and therefore they need to find the most effective ways to use them. The directions of support for small and medium-sized economic entities undertaken today are certainly important, but in the conditions of sanctions restrictions they lose their relevance. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to transform operational measures of state assistance to SMEs and reasonable guidelines for their further functioning.
DIGITAL ECONOMY – AS A NEW PARADIGM OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg branch), Speshilova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The author analyzes the innovative direction - the introduction of digital twins in the agricultural production of Russia. Over the past decade, digital twin technology has grown and adapted to various applications such as automotive manufacturing, healthcare, supply chain management, and even agriculture. In addition, using a digital twin for analysis, it is possible to simulate how changes in weather conditions will affect yields, where to save money and cause less damage to the ecosystem by reducing agricultural resources allows you to react before causing too much damage. Moreover, predictive modeling based on its past and current data will show with a high degree of probability where the problem will arise in the near future. The emergence of high-tech tools, such as GPS monitoring, drone flights, satellite and laser terrain surveys, and now digital twins – all this contributes to the truly innovative development of agriculture in the Russian Federation. Taking into account the possibilities of grain consumption by the target market countries for the export of Russian grain, the forecast of expansion of export potential in terms of grain production was calculated. Calculations were carried out on the basis of data on the financial and economic activities of 20 thousand Russian agricultural producers, recipients of state support measures. These producers produce 2/3 of the grain in the country. The introduction of digital twin technologies will make a huge contribution to improving the competitiveness of the Russian agro-industrial complex. At the same time, the implementation of digital twin technologies in practice requires significant investments in the industry, since modern equipment, software and personnel training are needed.
ANALYSIS OF PROFIT, PROFITABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Faskhutdinova Milyausha Sagitovna , Nurtdinov Albert Ravilevich ,   Russian State University of Justice (Kazan branch), Leontieva Olga Lvovna ,   Russian State University of Justice (Kazan branch)
Published: October 2024

The goal of every entrepreneur is to extract the maximum possible profit from their activities. Definitely lose the product. In a competitive environment, it is difficult to attract the attention of buyers. The gradual increase in profit is an indicator of the efficiency of the enterprise. This is a complex system that requires constant analysis of all aspects of the business: production, profit, profitability. Step–by-step analysis of the profit and profitability of the enterprise is one of the fundamental problems of economics. Each enterprise independently carries out its production and economic activities, following the principles of self-sufficiency and profitability. One profit, which is an absolute indicator, is not able to answer the question of the level of efficiency of the enterprise, the efficiency of capital use, product sales, management of its own working capital. This requires a comprehensive analysis of the financial activities of the enterprise, including both profitability and profitability of the enterprise. At the moment, there are quite a lot of enterprises in the economy of the Russian Federation that are financially unstable. This is due to an increase in the cost of production, tax benefits, and wages. These processes are accompanied by a decrease in competitiveness. To make a profit, it is necessary to pay attention to the market conditions, as well as the internal capabilities of the enterprise. Profit plays an important role in the economic system of the company. It is the main means of productive economic and social development. The formation of a competent profit management policy in the company will help solve some of the problems as soon as they arise. Profit is an economically important category that underlies the prosperity of the enterprise, which requires constant monitoring of the main factors affecting it.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL: O CASO DO PROGRAMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS NO TOCANTINS ENTRE 2016 A 2021
Authors: Vieira Marta de Souza , Mendes Maurício Ferreira , Mattos Júnior José Sampaio
Published: October 2024

O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos criado pela Lei Federal nº 10.696 de 02 de julho de 2003 consiste na compra alimentos oriundos da agricultura camponesa pelo governo e posterior distribuição a entidades socioassistenciais e estas os redistribuem as pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a abrangência e as contribuições do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos para o fortalecimento da agricultura camponesa, no estado do Tocantins, entre 2016 a 2021, destacando informações quanto ao número de municípios que acessaram a política, recursos financeiros gerados, total de alimentos produzidos/comercializados e a identificação do número de entidades que receberam os alimentos por meio do programa. Para tal, foram adotados quatro procedimentos metodológicos principais: 1) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; 2) coleta de dados; 3) elaboração de representação cartográfica e; 4) análise de dados secundários. Os resultados evidenciam que a política pública faz incursão com a segurança alimentar, proporciona acesso à renda, incentiva o associativismo e/ou cooperativismo, além de inserção das culturas alimentares locais e/ou reginais na alimentação diária dos envolvidos, contudo, abrangendo apenas 24,46% dos municípios tocantinenses em seis anos de programa analisado (2016-2021). Por fim, é necessário garantir recursos financeiros da União para o fortalecimento/manutenção do PAA no Tocantins.
Developing a model for measuring the spatial disability level of cities within the framework of barrier-free pedestrian accessibility: the case of Kırklareli City centre
Authors: Sinmaz Serkan , Özkök Mete Korhan
Published: October 2024

The problem of disability is directly related to the physical barriers encountered in urban spaces. Pedestrian accessibility performance is a notable urban quality indicator. Universal design principles and barrier-free design standards are important in making urban spaces usable for everyone. However, projects in this context generally cover specific areas of cities. Bringing an entire city into compliance with barrier-free design standards requires high cost and time. Therefore, determining the spatial disability level of the urban texture and planning project stages constitute a critical process for local governments. This study proposes a model to measure the pedestrian accessibility performance of medium-sized cities with relatively walkable distances within the framework of spatial barriers and to identify priority intervention points. In this context, Kırklareli city centre was selected as a case study area. According to the model developed with the support of GIS, the “ideal accessibility network” is determined for the citizens, and the performance level is calculated by identifying the spatial barriers on this network. The model was developed using components that can be applied to any city and tested in a sample urban environment. This conceptual model contributes to urban science and local government policy by providing a monitoring mechanism for spatial disability that can be constantly tracked by citizens, and by supplying an information base for projects to be developed by local governments. It is hoped that this study will popularise pedestrian-oriented spatial design and control in cities where walkability is postponed due to the focus on wheeled vehicle mobility and where spatial barriers are felt only by disabled individuals.
Determining the best alternative to build and operate a new coal crushing facilities: Analytical hierarchy process approach
Authors: Simatupang Kondar Paido , Wasesa Meditya
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study examines the increase in national coal production in Indonesia and its impact on PT. KLM is one of the largest coal producers in the country. With rising production and shifting global market needs, this study aims to analyze the necessity of building a new Coal Crushing Facility next to the South Pinang Extension #2 area, including evaluating costs and the best strategies for its implementation.
Methods: The research methodology involves analyzing problem trees and stakeholders to uncover business complexities and identify the root causes of issues. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews. All alternatives were evaluated using Value-Focused Thinking (VFT), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was employed to determine the best alternative assisted by the Super Decision application.
Results: Based on interviews conducted with subject matter experts (SMEs) and the analysis, three funding solutions were identified: 1. owned by self-financing, and 2. Own by Leasing 3. Rental Scheme.
Limitations: The limitations of this study are that it was sourced from an internal company and gathered from outside the company. An alternative option was produced based on extensive collaborative discussions and interview sessions conducted with subject matter experts within the company.
Contributions: This study provides valuable guidelines for selecting alternative financing to build and operate new coal crushing facilities at South Pinang Extension #2.
IMPROVING THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FIG TREES BY SPRAYING WITH MORINGA LEAVES EXTRACTS AND GARLIC CLOVES
Authors: Sara K. H. Taha  , Ali M. A. O. Aljabary
Published: October 2024

This experiment was conducted in a private orchard at Aldaraman, Kirkuk Governorate on "Khalobaziani" local fig trees. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying with Moringa leaf extract (MLE) at (0, 2, and 4 ml.l-1) and Garlic cloves extract (GCE) at (0, 10, and 20 ml.l-1) on growth and productivity of fig trees. Results showed that trees sprayed with MLE 4 ml.l-1 led to a significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, minerals (NPK) content in leaves, average fruit weight and size, and average yield per tree, while significantly decreased fruit cracking percentage compared to control. Furthermore, significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, minerals (NPK) content in leaves, and average fruit weight and size in the trees sprayed with GCE 20 ml.l-1 compared to control. The interaction between MLE 4 ml.l-1 and GCE 20 ml.l-1 showed a significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, and minerals (NPK) content in leaves, also significantly decreased fruit cracking percentage compared to most of the other treatments.