bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGO Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer: Update 2019
Authors: Thill Marc , Jackisch Christian , Janni Wolfgang , Müller Volkmar , Albert Ute-Susann , Bauerfeind Ingo , Blohmer Jens , Budach Wilfried , Dall Peter , Diel Ingo , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja , Friedrich Michael , Gerber Bernd , Hanf Volker , Harbeck Nadia , Huober Jens , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Kreipe Hans-Heinrich , Krug David , Kühn Thorsten , Kümmel Sherko , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , Lux Michael Patrick , Maass Nicolai , Möbus Volker , Müller-Schimpfle Markus , Mundhenke Christoph , Nitz Ulrike , Rhiem Kerstin , Rody Achim , Schmidt Marcus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schütz Florian , Sinn Hans-Peter , Solbach Christine , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Stickeler Elmar , Thomssen Christoph , Untch Michael , Wenz Frederik , Witzel Isabell , Wöckel Achim , Ditsch Nina
Published: July 2019

Every year the Breast Committee of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (German Gynecological Oncology Group, AGO), a group of gynecological oncologists specialized in breast cancer and interdisciplinary members specialized in pathology, radiologic diagnostics, medical oncology, and radiation oncology, prepares and updates evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with early and metastatic breast cancer. Every update is performed according to a documented rule-fixed algorithm, by thoroughly reviewing and scoring the recent publications for their scientific validity and clinical relevance. This current publication presents the 2019 update on the recommendations for metastatic breast cancer.
Use of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Scleroderma: A Review
Authors: Du Amy X. , Osman Mohamed , Gniadecki Robert
Published: July 2019

Background: Scleroderma is a heterogeneous group of diseases that can be localized or systemic. Localized scleroderma is a fibrosis of the skin characterized by inflammation and thickening due to excessive collagen deposition, and systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by vasculopathy, immune dysregulation and skin fibrosis. In general, the prognosis of scleroderma highly depends on the degree of visceral involvement and relates to the degree of skin fibrosis. Despite the numerous therapies used for patients with scleroderma, the disease-related morbidity and mortality are high. Studies have explored the effects of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in scleroderma treatment. Originally used in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, ECP is an immunomodulatory procedure in which a patient’s white blood cells are treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and exposed to UVA radiation to inhibit cell proliferation and induce immunosuppression. Summary: Multiple lines of evidence suggest that ECP may be a safe and possibly effective therapy for patients with scleroderma, specifically demonstrating improvement in patients with cutaneous manifestations of the disease. However, future studies assessing its role in managing visceral involvement are needed. Our review aims to examine and consolidate the results of clinical studies and propose a possible role for ECP in the management of scleroderma. Key Points: ECP may be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of SSc.
Apolipoprotein E Genotype Modifies the Association Between Cardiac Output and Cognition in Older Adults
Authors: Bown Corey W. , Liu Dandan , Osborn Katie E. , Gupta Deepak K. , Mendes Lisa A. , Pechman Kimberly R. , Hohman Timothy J. , Wang Thomas J. , Gifford Katherine A. , Jefferson Angela L.
Published: July 2019

Background

Subtle reductions in cardiac output relate to lower cerebral blood flow, especially in regions where Alzheimer's disease pathology first develops. Apolipoprotein E (

APOE

)‐ε4 is a genetic susceptibility risk factor for Alzheimer's disease that also moderates vascular damage. This study investigated whether

APOE

‐ε4 carrier status modifies the cross‐sectional association between cardiac output and cognition.

Methods and Results

Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants free of clinical stroke and dementia (n=306, 73±7 years, 42% female) underwent echocardiography to determine cardiac output (L/min), comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, and venous blood draw to determine

APOE

genotype and ε4 carrier status. Linear regressions related cardiac output to neuropsychological test performance, adjusting for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, body surface area, cognitive diagnosis, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, and

APOE

‐ε4 status. Main effect models were null (
P
>0.19). With identical covariates, models were repeated testing a

cardiac output×
APOE

‐ε4 status interaction and again stratified by ε4 carrier status.

Cardiac output×
APOE

‐ε4 status related to naming (β=0.91,
P
=0.0009), category fluency (β=1.2,
P
=0.01), information processing speed (β=−5.4,
P
=0.001), visuospatial skill (β=0.85,
P
=0.003), and executive function performances (β=0.22,
P
=0.002). Stratified models suggested that lower cardiac output was associated with worse neuropsychological performances among

APOE

‐ε4 carriers.

Conclusions

APOE

‐ε4 carrier status appears to modify the cross‐sectional association between cardiac output and neuropsychological performance such that lower cardiac output relates to poorer performances among carriers of the ε4 allele. These findings add to increasing evidence that

APOE

‐ε4 carrier status has important implications for associations between vascular and brain health in aging adults.
Systems Network Genomic Analysis Reveals Cardioprotective Effect of MURC/Cavin‐4 Deletion Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Nishi Masahiro , Ogata Takehiro , Cannistraci Carlo Vittorio , Ciucci Sara , Nakanishi Naohiko , Higuchi Yusuke , Sakamoto Akira , Tsuji Yumika , Mizushima Katsura , Matoba Satoaki
Published: July 2019

Background

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical issue in the development of treatment strategies for ischemic heart disease. MURC (muscle‐restricted coiled‐coil protein)/Cavin‐4 (caveolae‐associated protein 4), which is a component of caveolae, is involved in the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the role of
MURC
in cardiac I/R injury remains unknown.

Methods and Results

The systems network genomic analysis based on
PC
‐corr network inference on microarray data between wild‐type and
MURC
knockout mouse hearts predicted a network of discriminating genes associated with reactive oxygen species. To demonstrate the prediction, we analyzed I/R‐injured mouse hearts.
MURC
deletion decreased infarct size and preserved heart contraction with reactive oxygen species–related molecule
EGR
1 (early growth response protein 1) and
DDIT
4 (DNA‐damage‐inducible transcript 4) suppression in I/R‐injured hearts. Because
PC
‐corr network inference integrated with a protein–protein interaction network prediction also showed that
MURC
is involved in the apoptotic pathway, we confirmed the upregulation of
STAT
3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and
BCL
2 (B‐cell lymphoma 2) and the inactivation of caspase 3 in I/R‐injured hearts of
MURC
knockout mice compared with those of wild‐type mice.
STAT
3 inhibitor canceled the cardioprotective effect of
MURC
deletion in I/R‐injured hearts. In cardiomyocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide,
MURC
overexpression promoted apoptosis and
MURC
knockdown inhibited apoptosis.
STAT
3 inhibitor canceled the antiapoptotic effect of
MURC
knockdown in cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

Our findings, obtained by prediction from systems network genomic analysis followed by experimental validation, suggested that
MURC
modulates cardiac I/R injury through the regulation of reactive oxygen species–induced cell death and
STAT
3‐meditated antiapoptosis. Functional inhibition of
MURC
may be effective in reducing cardiac I/R injury.
In search of an identity for Salvia bertolonii (Lamiaceae)
Authors: BALANT MANICA , GLASNOVIĆ PETER , FIŠER PEČNIKAR ŽIVA , CLEMENTI MORENO , SURINA BOŠTJAN
Published: July 2019

Classical and geometric morphometric analyses of floral characters of Salvia pratensis agg. were performed on populations from the E Adriatic area. Both types of analyses yielded congruent results, and three groups of populations, attributed to S. verbenaca, which served as an outgroup, S. saccardiana and S. pratensis (incl. S. bertolonii), were unambiguously identified. Results confirmed floral size dimorphism, with hermaphroditic flowers being significantly bigger than female ones, while we newly identified floral shape dimorphism in S. pratensis, too. No gynodioecious populations were observed in morphologically otherwise very uniform S. saccardiana. Being a SE Alpine endemic, the latter was for the first time recorded in Croatia. While S. saccardiana merits species rank, we found no support for the segregation of S. bertolonii and S. pratensis. Clinal variation in floral characters of S. pratensis, generally detected in populations of various taxa along the E Adriatic coast, lacks the spatial consistency and geographic pattern that would allow for a clear delimitation of S. pratensis and S. bertolonii.
The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group
Authors: GUAYASAMIN JUAN M. , FUNK W. CHRIS
Published: July 2019

We provide information regarding the composition of the amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes of Ecuador, and describe a new species of Pristimantis that is referred to the P. myersi group. The new species is distinguished from other species of the group mainly by its color pattern, and by lacking ulnar and tarsal tubercles. The advertisement call of the new species has two distinct call types, a short call with 1–3 pulses and a long call with a mean of 15.5–18.9 more rapid pulses, which are often produced together in long call series. Finally, we analyze the microhabitat use of Pristimantis species found at Yanayacu and find that there is significant variation in vertical habitat use among Pristimantis, highlighting the ecological diversity of sympatric species.
Langkawiana maculata gen. et sp. n. from Malaysia and its systematic position in the tribe Robsonomyiini (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
Authors: ŠEVČÍK JAN
Published: July 2019

A new genus and species of Keroplatidae (Diptera), Langkawiana maculata gen. et sp.n., is described and its systematic position is discussed. The description is based on a male collected at Langkawi Island (Malaysia). Diagnostic characters of the new genus are as follows: the absence of ocelli, membraneous area around cerebral sclerite continues behind compound eyes, both orbital sclerite and frons well developed, short palpomeres, wings with dark bands, relatively long radio-median fusion, tibial trichia arranged in regular rows, reduced spurs on mid and hind tibia, and details on male terminalia. A new phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Robsonomyiini is proposed and a key to genera is presented.
A new genus of Sabellidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Antarctica, with discussion of relationships among plesiomorphic genera within Sabellinae
Authors: LICCIANO MARGHERITA , GIANGRANDE ADRIANA , GAMBI MARIA CRISTINA
Published: July 2019

A new genus of Sabellidae (Annelida, Polychaeta), collected in the soft bottoms off the Antarctic Peninsula (Antarctica) in January 2006 is described. The new genus Euchoneira is included in the most plesiomorphic area in the sub-family Sabellinae. Similar to the genus Euchone, this new taxon presents a well developed anal depression with lateral wings, but the shape of abdominal uncini resembles that of Jasmineira. The new species Euchoneira knoxi gen. sp. nov., very abundant in the investigated area, is a gonochoric form (sex-ratio close 1:1). Females contained eggs ranging from 100 to 250 µm in diameter (modal class 175 µm) either in the abdomen or thorax. Males with mature sperm had spermatozoa with a characteristic cylindrical shape of the nucleus with a pointed, “nip-like” acrosome, a morphology similar to that already observed in Euchone pallida Ehlers, 1908, a second species collected together with the new taxon and already known for the Antarctic area. Additions to the description of E. pallida concerning internal structure of the crown, is also given. To define the relationships between the newly described genus and the genera present in the plesiomorphic area of the Sabellinae subfamily, a cladistic analysis was performed utilizing a previous data set after adding the new taxon. The consensus tree confirmed Amphicorina armandi (Claparéde, 1868) as the most plesiomorphic taxon separated from all the others. The new genus is located in an intermediate position between Jasmineira - Claviramus and the clade containing Chone and Euchone species, close to Fabrisabella vasculosa.
Phytoseiid mites on grasses in Brazil (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: LOFEGO ANTONIO C. , DEMITE PETERSON R. , KISHIMOTO RAQUEL G. , DE MORAES GILBERTO J.
Published: July 2019

Surveys were conduced in 16 sites in the State of São Paulo to evaluate the phytoseid mite fauna on some of the most common grass species in that State: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ & C.V. Evrard, Melinis minutiflora Beauv., Panicum maximum Jacq. and Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Twenty known species and one new species (Proprioseiopsis biologicus Lofego, Demite & Moraes sp. nov.) were found. Two species are reported for the first time in the American continent: Neoseiulus benjamini Schicha and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) neobakeri Prasad . Seven of the species collected have been reported in Brazil from different crops. The largest number of specimens and of species of phytoseiids was found on M. minutiflora. The results of this study indicate that grasses may play a role in agroecosystems and pasture lands, serving as reservoirs of phytoseiids that prey upon mite pests.
Suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of decapods of families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae
Authors: RAMÍREZ-BALLESTEROS MIREYA , MAYÉN-ESTRADA ROSAURA
Published: July 2019

Epibiosis is common among ciliates and crustaceans because the calcified surface of the crustacean body offers a suitable site for colonization by the epibiont. Suctoria are among the most common epibiont ciliate groups of freshwater decapod crustaceans. The aim of this study is to increase knowledge of suctorians as epibionts of freshwater decapod crustaceans of the families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae. Crustaceans were collected from three rivers and one pond in Chiapas, Mexico. Six species of suctorian epibionts were recorded: Acineta tuberosa, Podophrya maupasi, P. sandi, Tokophrya cyclopum, T. quadripartita and Trichophrya epistylidis. This is the first record of ciliate epibionts on members of family Pseudothelphusidae (represented by Phrygiopilus montebelloensis and Raddaus bocourti), and the first record of suctorians epibionts on Procambarus (Austrocambarus) sp. (Cambaridae).
A new species of Paratelmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil
Authors: SANTOS MARCUS THADEU TEIXEIRA , DE OLIVEIRA SÍLVIA HELENA , DE CARVALHO THIAGO RIBEIRO , ZAIDAN BÁRBARA FERNANDES , DA SILVA NELSON RODRIGUES , BERNECK BIANCA VON MÜLLER , GARCIA PAULO CHRISTIANO ANCHIETTA
Published: July 2019

A new species of Paratelmatobius is described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. Adults, tadpoles, and vocalizations are described. Morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis place the new species within the P. cardosoi group. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by its advertisement call being composed of two note types and comprised of a series of 2–4 notes. The new species is classified as an explosive breeder, having reproductive activity strongly associated with heavy rainfall. This discovery highlights the importance of intensifying survey efforts in the Atlantic Forest, a domain with high levels of species richness and endemism.
A Social Benefit Cost Analysis of Special Economic Zones in India: A Study of Noida SEZ
Authors: Babita  , Bishnoi N. K.
Published: July 2019

Special economic zones (SEZs) in India have been in news due to their usefulness vis-à-vis adverse effects on economy. A good number of opponents opine that costs incurred by SEZs outweigh the benefits. However, it cannot be denied that SEZs have played a positive role in the welfare of the economy. Thus, to examine this issue, we carried out a social benefit–cost analysis (SBCA) on Noida Special Economic Zone (NSEZ) within the context of enclave model for the period of 2009–2016. The result shows the positive net present value and benefit–cost ratio greater than one under methodological assumptions. This infers that NSEZ is contributing towards the welfare of Indian economy. One interesting findings of the study is that NSEZ is generating positive gains to economy with the absence of various market distortions which could otherwise reduce the realised benefits. Hence, need arises to eliminate such distortions from outside area of economy also to make it competitive at global level. Therefore, it can be concluded that competitiveness of the Indian economy can be enhanced with the removal of market distortions and liberalisation of rules, regulation and policies for economic development activities. Hence, the Government of India should emphasise and make regulations and policies that encourage competitiveness of the industries.

JEL Classification: D04, D61, F13, H2, J01
Rethinking Architecture and Urban Form in the Context of Power Discourse: Case Study Nicosia, North Cyprus
Authors: Shema Abdulsalam I.
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the symbolic attributes of power relations within the built environment of the walled city of Nicosia and contributes to the interpretation of generated meaning. The fundamental aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive explanation and description of how power as a socially constructed phenomenon aids in defining the language of the city and architecture. Studies of the built environment in relation to power discourse are a continuous process, and due to the subjectivity of interpretations, this study adopted the epistemological stance of constructivism. Based on deductive reasoning, this study hypothesises that power aids in defining the language and imageability of the city, and the results have verified the propositions. The case study of this research was diachronically analysed and focused on the socially-constructed symbolic meaning generation, within the framework of interpretivism. In order to analyse the city, a conceptual approach was developed. Two main approaches that support the research hypothesis were established: the language of the city; and imageability of the city. The imageability of the city was based on the five elements of the city, published in 1960. However, due to the context of this research, three of the elements that fully supported the research aim and objectives were selected, namely, landmark, district and path. The two main conceptual approaches were tied to power relations within the built environment based on the theoretical frameworks of: Markus; Dovey; and Njoh. In conclusion, the walled city of Nicosia exhibits symbols of ‘power over’ such as segregation, seduction, manipulation, and authority. The results have verified the proposition that power aids in defining the language and imageability of a city, thereby transforming the city and its inhabitants.
Calling It Quits: Legislative Retirements in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Raymond Christopher D , Overby L Marvin
Published: July 2019

Although retirements are a major source of legislative turnover, research on the topic has been limited, especially outside of the US House of Representatives. In this article, we address this shortcoming by examining retirements in two countries with similar electoral systems yet different legislative environments and party systems: Canada and the United Kingdom. In particular, we extend analysis on the Congress that has consistently shown Republican members retire at higher rates than their Democratic counterparts to examine whether this finding is generalizable to legislators from other parties of the right and/or favouring devolution in other parliamentary settings. In presenting data that support many of these hypotheses, we explore an important normative implication: because their partisan predispositions make them less willing to serve, politicians from parties favouring limited government and/or devolution may be less able to translate their vision of politics into policy because they face systemic problems maintaining legislative seats.
Improving Teacher Practices With Children Under Five: Experimental Evidence From the Mississippi Buildings Blocks
Authors: Arteaga Irma , Thornburg Kathy , Darolia Rajeev , Hawks Jacqueline
Published: July 2019

Background:

The literature on the effects of teacher coaching in early childhood (EC) education programs is underdeveloped but emerging. Using the theory of action in professional development as our theoretical framework, we hypothesize that active coaching improves teaching methods and creates a more effective classroom environment for enhancing children’s learning and skills.

Objectives:

This study evaluates the effects of the Mississippi Building Blocks (MBB) program, an EC intervention with a strong emphasis on supervisor and coaching training.

Research design:

We conduct a randomized controlled experiment in which data were collected at baseline, midpoint (Month 3), and postintervention (Month 6) in 24 preschool classrooms in Mississippi.

Subjects:

The experiment included 195 preschoolers, of which 95 were in classrooms led by teachers who received coaching (treatment) and 100 were in classrooms without coaching (control).

Measures:

We measured child’s emergent language and literacy, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, print language skills, problem-solving, math skills, and socioemotional development.

Results:

We find that MBB coaching led to substantial improvements in child outcomes relative to the control group, particularly in gross motor skills, print language skills, and socioemotional development. We also find some evidence that MBB coaching improved math skills, though these estimates are on the margin of statistical significance. Finally, a mediator analysis indicates that improvements in the classroom learning environment brought about by MBB coaching improved child outcomes.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that an intensive form of classroom coaching for teachers leads to significant gains in child outcomes.
Autologous transplantation of deciduous tooth pulp into necrotic young permanent teeth for pulp regeneration in a dog model
Authors: Huang Yan , Tang Xiaoying , Cehreli Zafer C. , Dai Xiaoyun , Xu Jiangjingjun , Zhu Hongshui
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To investigate the potential for pulpal regeneration via autologous transplantation of deciduous tooth pulp into immature necrotic permanent teeth using an experimental dog model.

Methods

Experimental apical periodontitis was induced in 60 teeth of six Beagle dogs. Following canal disinfection and pulpotomy, autologous deciduous pulp tissue was transplanted into the root canals (n = 30); as controls, contralateral teeth were treated in accordance with the recommendations of the American Association of Endodontists. Radiographic examinations were performed immediately before transplant, as well as 3 and 6 months after transplant. At the 6-month examination, root samples were collected and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to examine tissue regeneration.

Results

Radiographic analysis showed no significant differences in most histopathological parameters examined; however, apical diameter reduction was greater in the experimental group. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the canal walls of the experimental group had newly formed dentin-like tissue with dentinal tubules, while the control group had cementum-like deposits along the canal wall and apical foramina.

Conclusions

Autologous transplantation may be useful for regeneration of dental pulp in necrotic young permanent teeth.
Elderly patients undergoing cystectomy, comparing preoperative American Society of Anesthesiology and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores and operative approaches
Authors: Martin Christopher , West Jeremy M , Palermo Salvatore , Patel Darshan P , Presson Angela P , Comploj Evi , Pycha Armin , Hancock Joel B , Dechet Christopher B , Trenti Emanuela
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To evaluate preoperative scoring systems and operative management and their relation to complications in patients older than 75 years undergoing cystectomy at two academic institutions.

Methods:

In total, 212 patients aged 75–95 years with muscle invasive bladder cancer underwent cystectomy at the University of Utah and Central Hospital of Bolzano, Italy. The rates of Grade 3 Clavien-Dindo complications and above in radical cystectomy patients (n = 199) were compared using Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Scores and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification. The rates of Grade 3 Clavien-Dindo complications and above were also compared by urinary diversion type. Logistic regression was used to control for source institution.

Results:

In total, 199 cases were included in the primary analysis. Neither of the preoperative scoring systems were predictive for identification of radical cystectomy patients with ⩾Grade 3 Clavien-Dindo complications. In secondary analysis (n = 212, including partial cystectomy), none of the urinary diversion types associated with radical cystectomy had a significantly different rate of complications. However, partial cystectomy (n = 13) had a significantly lower rate of complications.

Conclusion:

Complication rates among elderly patients undergoing cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer were very high. For patients who are approved for surgery after the history and physical exam, none of our objective metrics adequately predicted operative risk. A unique diversion procedure described by the Bolzano group, uretero-ureterocutaneostomy, had equivalent complication rates to the more common diversion procedures. It also appears based on outcomes in this cohort that partial cystectomy is a particularly favorable option within the elderly population in terms of perioperative morbidity.
Elder Abuse Characteristics Based on Calls to the National Center on Elder Abuse Resource Line
Authors: Weissberger Gali H. , Goodman Morgan C. , Mosqueda Laura , Schoen Julie , Nguyen Annie L. , Wilber Kathleen H. , Gassoumis Zachary D. , Nguyen Caroline P. , Han S.Duke
Published: July 2019

Characterizing the types of elder abuse and identifying the characteristics of perpetrators are critically important. This study examined the types of elder abuse reported to the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA) resource line. Calls were coded with regard to whether abuse was reported, types of abuse alleged, whether multiple abuse subtypes occurred, and who perpetrated the alleged abuse. Of the 1,939 calls, 818 (42.2%) alleged abuse, with financial abuse being the most commonly reported (449 calls, 54.9%). A subset of calls identified multiple abuse types (188, 23.0%) and multiple abusers (149, 18.2%). Physical abuse was most likely to co-occur with another abuse type (61/93 calls, 65.6%). Family members were the most commonly identified perpetrators (309 calls, 46.8%). This study reports the characteristics of elder abuse from a unique source of frontline data, the NCEA resource line. Findings point to the importance of supportive resources for elder abuse victims and loved ones.
Near crises in world politics: A new dataset
Authors: Iakhnis Evgeniia , James Patrick
Published: July 2019

Crisis escalation to war is a subject of longstanding interest. Case studies, formal models and statistical analysis offer compelling explanations for why some crises escalate to war while others do not. Much less can be said in answer to the following question: where do crises come from in the first place? In this paper, we first introduce the concept of a near crisis following the approach taken over the course of more than four decades by the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project. A near crisis is just below a crisis as defined by ICB with regard to intensity, as it lacks one essential condition for a crisis—higher likelihood of military hostilities. Second, we present a newly developed dataset that contains information on 86 cases in which actors perceived a threat to one or more basic values, along with an awareness of finite time for response to the value threat. We also present simple statistical models comparing (a) near crisis to crisis and (b) crisis to war that show that analyses based on the Near Crisis dataset will contribute to advancement of knowledge.
Women’s Midlife Career Transition to Tenured/Tenure-Track Faculty in Adult Education
Authors: Cherrstrom Catherine A. , Alfred Mary V.
Published: July 2019

Faculty characteristics are changing, and traditional theories may not account for the intersection of increasing numbers of women faculty and career changers to higher education in examining faculty development. Using a conceptual framework composed of adult transition and career development models, this phenomenological study investigated the career transition and strategies of women midlife career changers to the professoriate. Findings included a midlife career transition process and related challenges, supports, and strategies to navigate the process with implications for theory and practice.
Unmarried cohabitation and its fertility in Ireland: Towards post-Catholic family dynamics?
Authors: Laplante Benoît , Castro-Martín Teresa , Cortina Clara , Fostik Ana
Published: July 2019

Ireland was known for being conservative in family matters. The 2015 referendum that allowed same-sex marriage and the 2018 one that allowed abortion showed this is no longer true. This article aims at better understanding recent family change in Ireland by looking at changes in values on topics related with family behaviour and change in behaviour related with family formation–the rise of unmarried cohabitation, and childbearing within unmarried cohabitation–with a focus on the Catholic dogma and its role in the Irish society. We use data from the 2008 European Value Survey and from the five censuses conducted between 1991 and 2011. We find that the young have been moving away from the teachings of the Church on unmarried cohabitation, but that a few years before the 2018 referendum, they were still close to it on abortion. There is no clear negative relationship between cohabitation or fertility within cohabitation and education, but the use of cohabitation seems to vary according to education. The most enduring legacy of the Church doctrine seems to be the late development of family policies that make motherhood hard to reconcile with work and might explain why cohabiting women have few children.
Associations of Mother’s Behaviors and Home/Neighborhood Environments with Preschool Children’s Physical Activity Behaviors
Authors: Zhang Man , Quick Virginia , Jin Yanhong , Martin-Biggers Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Examining associations of mother’s behaviors and home/neighborhood physical activity (PA) environments with preschoolers’ PA and screen time.

Design:

Cross-sectional online survey.

Setting:

Mothers with a 2 to 5 years old preschooler were recruited from the US panel members of Survey Sampling International.

Participants:

Five hundred thirty-one mothers with a preschool child aged 2 to 5 years old.

Outcome Measure:

Child daily screen time and PA, mother–child inside- and outside-home co-PA.

Analysis:

K-mean cluster analysis and Logit and negative binomial regressions.

Results:

Mothers’ healthy behaviors, such as decreased screen time, healthy eating habits, and increased PA, and perceived importance for PA were significantly ( P < .05) associated with preschoolers’ decreased screen time and increased PA. Available toys ( P < .01) and maternal perceived neighborhood safety ( P < .05) were negatively correlated with preschoolers’ screen time, while available room space ( P < .01) was positively correlated with preschoolers’ PA. Variables positively correlated with mother–child co-PA included mothers’ PA ( P < .001) and healthy eating habits ( P < .05), and home room space ( P < .05) for inside-home, and yard space and quality ( P < .05) for outside-home.

Conclusions:

Mother’s role modeling and home PA environment were positively associated with preschoolers’ PA behavior.
There’s an App for That: Using Geosocial Networking Apps to Access Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and other MSM at Risk for HIV
Authors: Fields Errol L. , Long Amanda , Dangerfield Derek T. , Morgan Anthony , Uzzi Mudia , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Jennings Jacky M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Young black gay, bisexual, and other MSM (YBMSM) that carry a disproportionate HIV burden in the US Geosocial networking applications (GSN apps) are environments that may increase HIV risk among users. This study explored the acceptability and feasibility of using these apps for HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) public health outreach.

Design:

Semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews.

Setting:

A frequently reported GSN app for meeting sex partners by newly diagnosed HIV-infected MSM in Baltimore.

Participants:

Seventeen YBMSM aged 18 to 24 (mean = 21.5/SD = 1.8) who were logged-on to the GSN app in venues or census tracts in high HIV transmission areas.

Methods:

Participants completed 60 to 90 minute semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Interview data were analyzed in NVivo10 using categorical analysis and double-coded until consistency was achieved.

Results:

Participants described GSN apps as acceptable and feasible resources for public health practitioners seeking to access YBMSM to provide HIV/STI treatment and prevention services and resources. Three themes emerged: (1) the need to authenticate public health messages to distinguish from spam; (2) improved access to YBMSM including opportunities to identify and access virtual congregations of youth in non-gay-related spaces; and (3) the importance of avoiding stigmatizing YBMSM when targeting sexual health messages.

Conclusion:

GSN apps have great potential as tools for identifying and engaging at-risk YBMSM. Additional work is needed to understand limitations of this medium, to develop strategies to engage YBMSM without further stigmatizing them, and to maximize their outreach potential.
Mechanistic unity of the predictive mind
Authors: Gładziejewski Paweł
Published: July 2019

It has recently been argued that cognitive scientists should embrace explanatory pluralism rather than pursue the search for a unificatory framework or theory. This stance dovetails with the mechanistic view of cognitive-scientific explanation. However, one recently proposed theory—based on an idea that the brain is a predictive engine—opposes pluralism with its unificatory ambitions. My aim here is to investigate those pretentions to elucidate what sort of unification is on offer. I challenge the idea that explanatory unification of cognitive science follows from the Free Energy Principle. I claim that if the predictive story is to provide a unification, it is by proposing that many distinct cognitive mechanisms fall under a single prediction-error-minimization schema. I also argue that even though unification is not an absolute evaluative criterion for mechanistic explanations, it may play an epistemic role in evaluating the relative credibility of an explanation.
The Neglected Municipal School
Authors: Berntsen Maxine
Published: July 2019

In state and central governments, there is a widespread perception that it is the rural areas that are in the greatest need of government assistance. By the same token, it is assumed that the educational problems are more urgent in rural areas. In this understanding, the taluka town is willy-nilly classified as urban, and little attention is given to the fact that as far as government-run primary education goes, the town is worse off than the village (and undoubtedly than the large city). In order to discuss this further, I will narrate a couple of stories. These go back to the very beginning of our work, before we had started Kamala Nimbkar Balbhavan or developed our approach to teaching early literacy.
Identity and Its Transformative Dynamics in Knowledge Era: Some Critical Reflections
Authors: SinghaRoy Debal K.
Published: July 2019

Collective identities of people have remained largely transitional despite largely remaining rooted in certain inherited essentialities. The essential dynamics of identity often get negotiated with various forces and processes like those of the economic transformation, technological reorientation, collective mobilisation, modernisation, colonisation, globalisation, penetration of information and communication technologies (ICTs), mass and social media among others. The contemporary society is marked by the fast transformation of its economic order from agriculture and industry to knowledge/information-driven post-industrial society, fast transference of information, images, ideas, services, goods and people across spaces and the borderless expansion of ICTs. These have paved the way for the emergence of a new social order which has been widely described as the knowledge society. Within this emerging economic, social and technological order, new varieties of social interaction and solidarities are constructed from within the pre-existing varieties causing a good deal of fluidity of collective identities on the one hand and their consolidation on the other. Thus, with fast social transformation and increasing interconnectivity and mobility of people across the globe on the one hand and consolidation of new forms of social collectivities on the other, the contours of contraction and configuration of identities have undergone phenomenal change. Against such a backdrop, this article is an attempt to develop an understanding of the nuances of identity: its essence, construction, transformation and configuration within the broad processes of social transition. This article is arranged in five sections. The Dynamics of Identity section deals with the dynamics of identity. In the Social Movements. Modernity, Colonisation, Globalisation and Identity: Changing Facets of Fluidity and Solidarity section, the processes of construction and reconfiguration of identity in the context of social movements, modernity, colonisation and globalisation are discussed. The key dimensions of the emergence of knowledge society are explained in the Emerging Knowledge Society and its Key Dynamics section. In the Solidarity and Fluidity in Identity: The Emerging Facets section, the emerging facets of solidarity and fluidity of identity are elucidated. Finally, the Conclusion section makes the concluding arguments.
Beyond the Capture of ‘Camp Zero’: Terrorism and Insecurity in a Failing-Weak State
Authors: Thompson O. O. , Afolabi A. S. , Abdulbaki A. Shola
Published: July 2019

In 2016, the spiritual base of Boko Haram, known as ‘Camp Zero’ was captured. With such success, most had thought that the chicken has finally come home to roost. Unfortunately, it was not to be. Because aside from Boko Haram, the country seems to experience other vagaries of insecurity. This range from kidnapping, cult and ritual groups in the south—such as female pant hunters, Badoo—oil bunkering and pipeline vandalism, cattle rustling and herdsmen–farmers crises, among others. Against this backdrop, this study is an attempt to trace the history of the terror group and examine the numerous insecurity challenges across the country despite international collaborations. The study revealed among other things that the perpetuation of terror and insecurity in the land is a reflection of the nature of the state itself—a failing, weak state. The study recommends that until there is a solution to the nature of the state itself, the insecurity will continue. Some of the solutions suggested are entrenchment of good leadership, political will, rule of law, good governance, eradication of poverty and illiteracy, and inclusive policies, among others.
Analytical solution for twinning deformation effect of pre-strained shape memory effect beam-columns
Authors: Ostadrahimi Alireza , Taheri-Behrooz Fathollah
Published: July 2019

In this article, an analytical solution is presented for twinning deformation effect of a prismatic shape memory alloy beam-column. To this end, a reduced one-dimensional Souza model is employed to study the bending stress of a pre-strained shape memory alloy beam-column at low temperatures. Analytical expressions for bending stress as well as polynomial approximations for deflection are obtained. Derived equations for bending problem are employed to analyze twinning deformation effect of shape memory alloy beam-columns with rectangular and circular cross sections. Furthermore, the distance of zero-stress fiber from the center line during loading is studied. The results of this work show good agreement when compared with experimental data and finite element results.
Secular Existential Meaning-Making Coping Among Cancer Patients in Portugal: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmadi Fereshteh , Tavares Rita , Matos Paula M. , Tomás Carla , Ahmadi Nader
Published: July 2019

For understanding the role of culture in coping in different cultural settings, we have conducted studies among cancer patients in 10 countries, within the framework of an international study on meaning-making coping. This article reports on part of the results we obtained from a study in Portugal; specifically, the reported findings are restricted to nonreligious/spiritual coping methods, methods we call secular existential meaning-making coping. The main aim is to identify the diversity of coping methods using a cultural lens. Thirty-one participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. Six different kinds of coping methods related to secular existential coping emerged from thematic analyses of the interviews: discourse of the self, positive solitude, nature, positive transformational orientation, body–mind relationship, and working. Findings revealed that these six methods facilitated patients’ psychological adaptation to the oncological disease. The findings suggest the importance of considering cultural and social context when exploring coping strategies among cancer patients.
Role of Baseline Albumin-Bilirubin Grade on Predict Overall Survival Among Sorafenib-Treated Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Nguyen Van Hieu , Nguyen Van Hung , Nguyen Thanh Long , Le Van Quang
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been recently used in evaluation of liver function and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, in Vietnam, the utility of ALBI grade in clinical setting has not been adequately investigated.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of 110 patients with HCC treated with sorafenib from January 2010 to November 2018 at 2 tertiary hospitals in Vietnam. Prognostic value of ALBI grade was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional regression model.

Results:

Results showed that the majority of ALBI grade 1 were Child-Pugh level A (97.5%); ALBI grade 2 was seen in all Child-Pugh score groups of 5, 6, 7, ≥8, whereas ALBI grade 3 was mostly reported in Child-Pugh score ≥8 group (83.3%). Compared with ALBI grade 3, ALBI grade 1 reduced 66.4% risk of death (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.336, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.115-0.981; P = .046). Compared with ALBI grade 3, ALBI grade 2 reduced 67.3% risk of death (HR = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.122-0.875; P = .026). Albumin-bilirubin grade was an independent predictor of survival outcome.

Conclusion:

Baseline ALBI grade is a simple and objective approach in assessing liver functions of patients with HCC. Baseline ALBI grade is an independent predictor of survival in patients treated with sorafenib.
The Impact of Message Source on the Effectiveness of Communications About Climate Change
Authors: Bolsen Toby , Palm Risa , Kingsland Justin T.
Published: July 2019

We conducted a survey experiment in which we presented 1,850 respondents with one of two versions of an appeal emphasizing either the threats to the environment or threats to national security of the United States as a result of climate change. The messages were attributed to one of four sources: Republican Party leaders, Democratic Party leaders, military officials, or climate scientists. The results reveal that messages attributed to military leaders, or to Republican Party leaders, can enhance the impact of the appeal. This finding underscores the importance that the source of any communication can have on its overall effectiveness.
Psychiatric and Nonpsychiatric Comorbidities Among Children With ADHD: An Exploratory Analysis of Nationwide Claims Data in Germany
Authors: Akmatov Manas K. , Ermakova Tatiana , Bätzing Jörg
Published: July 2019

Objective: This study examined the full spectrum of comorbid disorders in all statutory-health-insured children aged 5 to 14 years with ADHD in 2017 by using nationwide claims data in Germany. Method: Children with ADHD ( n = 258,662) were compared for the presence of 864 comorbid diseases with a control group matched by gender, age, and region of residence ( n = 2,327,958). Results: Among others, metabolic disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 9.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [8.43, 9.99]), viral pneumonia (OR = 4.95; 95% CI = [2.37, 10.33]), disorders of white blood cells (OR = 4.55; 95% CI = [3.83, 5.40]), kidney failure (OR = 3.33; 95% CI = [2.65, 4.18]), hypertension (OR = 3.26; 95% CI = [3.00, 3.55]), obesity (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = [2.80, 2.91]), type 2 diabetes (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = [2.11, 3.23]), migraine (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = [2.37, 2.61]), asthma (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = [2.16, 2.22]), atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = [2.16, 2.23]), juvenile arthritis (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.39, 1.76]), glaucoma (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = [1.30, 1.75]), and type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.20, 1.40]) were more likely to be diagnosed in ADHD children. Conclusion: Along with psychiatric diseases, various somatic diseases were more common in ADHD children. The results have direct implications for patient care, including fine-grained diagnostics and personalized therapy.
Improving Student Behavior in Middle School Art Classrooms: Initial Investigation of CW-FIT Tier 1
Authors: Monson Kimberly D. , Caldarella Paul , Anderson Darlene H. , Wills Howard P.
Published: July 2019

Classroom management is commonly challenging in middle schools. Class-wide function-related intervention teams (CW-FIT) is a multitiered intervention designed to decrease problem behaviors at the classroom level. It is comprises evidence-based practices such as teaching classroom expectations, increasing teacher praise, and using positive reinforcement in an interdependent group contingency. CW-FIT has shown promise in a variety of school settings, but it has not been tested in middle school art classrooms. This initial investigation examined the effects of CW-FIT using a single-subject ABAB design in two middle school art classrooms. Results indicated that class on-task behavior increased by more than 25% and teacher praise-to-reprimand ratios more than doubled during CW-FIT implementation compared with baseline levels. Results also indicated that on-task behavior for students identified as at risk for behavioral disorders improved by more than 18% during the intervention. Teachers and students found the intervention to be socially valid. Resulting implications were promising for using CW-FIT in other middle school art classrooms.