bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governing equations of transient soil water flow and soil water flux in multi
– dimensional fractional anisotropic media and fractional time
Authors: Kavvas M. Levent , Ercan Ali , Polsinelli James
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In this study dimensionally-consistent governing equations of continuity and motion for transient soil water flow and soil water flux in fractional time and in fractional multiple space dimensions in anisotropic media are developed. Due to the anisotropy in the hydraulic conductivities of natural soils, the soil medium within which the soil water flow occurs is essentially anisotropic. Accordingly, in this study the fractional dimensions in two horizontal and one vertical directions are considered to be different, resulting in multi-fractional multi-dimensional soil space within which the flow takes place. Toward the development of the fractional governing equations, first a dimensionally-consistent continuity equation for soil water flow in multi-dimensional fractional soil space and fractional time is developed. It is shown that the fractional soil water flow continuity equation approaches the conventional integer form of the continuity equation as the fractional derivative powers approach integer values. For the motion equation of soil water flow, or the equation of water flux within the soil matrix in multi-dimensional fractional soil space and fractional time, a dimensionally consistent equation is also developed. Again, it is shown that this fractional water flux equation approaches the conventional Darcy's equation as the fractional derivative powers approach integer values. From the combination of the fractional continuity and motion equations, the governing equation of transient soil water flow in multi-dimensional fractional soil space and fractional time is obtained. It is shown that this equation approaches the conventional Richards equation as the fractional derivative powers approach integer values. Then by the introduction of the Brooks-Corey constitutive relationships for soil water into the fractional transient soil water flow equation, an explicit form of the equation is obtained in multi-dimensional fractional soil space and fractional time. The governing fractional equation is then specialized to the case of only vertical soil water flow and of only horizontal soil water flow in fractional time-space. It is shown that the developed governing equations, in their fractional time but integer space forms, show behavior consistent with the previous experimental observations concerning the diffusive behavior of soil water flow.
Taking stock of decentralized disaster risk reduction in Indonesia
Authors: Grady Anthony , Gersonius Berry , Makarigakis Alexandros
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The Sendai Framework, which outlines the global course on disaster risk reduction until 2030, places strong importance on the role of local government in disaster risk reduction. An aim of decentralization is to increase the influence and authority of local government in decision making. Yet, there is limited empirical evidence of the extent, character and effects of decentralization in current disaster risk reduction implementation, and of the barriers that are most critical to this. This paper evaluates decentralization in relation to disaster risk reduction in Indonesia, chosen for its recent actions to decentralize governance of DRR coupled with a high level of disaster risk. An analytical framework was developed to evaluate the various dimensions of decentralized disaster risk reduction, which necessitated the use of a desk study, semi-structured interviews and a gap analysis. Key barriers to implementation in Indonesia included: capacity gaps at lower institutional levels, low compliance with legislation, disconnected policies, issues in communication and coordination and inadequate resourcing. However, any of these barriers are not unique to disaster risk reduction, and similar barriers have been observed for decentralization in other developing countries in other public sectors.
Aerosol properties and meteorological conditions in the city of Buenos
Aires, Argentina, during the resuspension of volcanic ash from the
Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption
Authors: Ulke Ana Graciela , Torres Brizuela Marcela M. , Raga Graciela B. , Baumgardner Darrel
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The eruption in June 2011 of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex in Chile impacted air traffic around the Southern Hemisphere for several months after the initial ash emissions. The ash deposited in vast areas of the Patagonian Steppe was subjected to the strong wind conditions prevalent during the austral winter and spring experiencing resuspension over various regions of Argentina. In this study we analyze the meteorological conditions that led to the episode of volcanic ash resuspension which impacted the city of Buenos Aires and resulted in the closure of the two main airports in Buenos Aires area (Ezeiza and Aeroparque) on 16 October 2011. A relevant result is that resuspended material (volcanic ash plus dust) imprints a distinguishable feature within the atmospheric thermodynamic vertical profiles. The thermodynamic soundings show the signature of "pulses of drying" in layers associated with the presence of hygroscopic ash in the atmosphere that has already been reported in similar episodes after volcanic eruptions in other parts of the world. This particular footprint can be used to detect the probable existence of volcanic ash layers. This study also illustrates the utility of ceilometers to detect not only cloud base at airports but also volcanic ash plumes at the boundary layer and up to 7 km altitude. Aerosol properties measured in the city during the resuspension episode indicate the presence of enhanced concentrations of aerosol particles in the boundary layer along with spectral signatures in the measurements at the Buenos Aires AERONET site typical of ash plus dust advected towards the city. The mandatory aviation reports from the National Weather Service about airborne and deposited volcanic ash at the airport near the measurement site (Aeroparque) correlate in time with the enhanced concentrations. The presence of the resuspended material was detected by the CALIOP lidar overpassing the region. Since the dynamics of ash resuspension and recirculation are similar to the dynamics of dust storms, we use the HYSPLIT model with the dust storm module to simulate the episode that affected Buenos Aires. The results of the modeling agree qualitatively with satellite lidar measurements.
Improvement of RAMS precipitation forecast at the short range through lightning data assimilation
Authors: Federico Stefano , Petracca Marco , Panegrossi Giulia , Dietrich Stefano
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This study shows the application of a total lightning data assimilation technique to the RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) forecast. The method, which can be used at high horizontal resolution, helps to initiate convection whenever flashes are observed by adding water vapour to the model grid column. The water vapour is added as a function of the flash rate, local temperature and graupel mixing ratio. The methodology is set-up to improve the short-term (3 h) precipitation forecast and can be used in real-time forecasting applications. However, results are also presented for the daily precipitation for comparison with other studies. The methodology is applied to twenty cases occurred in fall 2012, that were characterized by widespread convection and lightning activity. For these cases a detailed dataset of hourly precipitation containing thousands of raingauges over Italy, which is the target of this study, is available through the HyMeX (HYdrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) initiative. This dataset gives the unique opportunity to verify the precipitation forecast at the short range (3 h) and over a wide area (Italy). Results for the 27 October case study show how the methodology works and its positive impact on the 3 h precipitation forecast. In particular, the model represents better the convection over the sea using the lightning data assimilation and, when convection is advected over the land, the precipitation forecast improves over the land. It is also shown that the precise location of the convection by lightning data assimilation, improves the precipitation forecast at fine scales (meso-β). The application of the methodology to twenty cases gives a statistically robust evaluation of the impact of the total lightning data assimilation on the model performance. Results show an improvement of all statistical scores, with the exception of the Bias. The Probability of Detection (POD) increases by 3–5 % for the 3 h forecast and by more than 5 % for daily precipitation, depending on the precipitation threshold considered. Score differences between simulations with or without data assimilation are significant at 95 % level for most scores and thresholds considered, showing the positive and statistically robust impact of the lightning data assimilation on the precipitation forecast.
Further Insights on the Role of Accurate State Estimation in Coupled Model Parameter Estimation by a Simple Climate Model Study
Authors: Yu Xiaolin , Zhang Shaoqing , Lin Xiaopei , Li Mingkui
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The uncertainties in values of coupled model parameters are an important source of model bias that causes model climate drift. The values can be calibrated by a parameter estimation procedure that projects observational information onto parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio of error covariance between model states and initially perturbed parameters determinates directly the success of parameter estimation or not. With a conceptual climate model that couples the stochastic atmosphere and slow varying ocean, this study examines the sensitivity of the state-parameter covariance on the accuracy of estimated model states in different model components of a coupled system. Due to the interaction of multiple time scales, the fast varying "atmosphere" with the chaotic nature is the major source of state-parameter covariance uncertainties, and thus enhancing the estimation accuracy of atmospheric states is very important for the success of coupled model parameter estimation, especially for the parameters in the air-sea interaction processes. The impact of chaotic-to-periodic ratio in state variability on parameter estimation is also discussed in this study. This simple model study provides a guideline when real observations are used to optimize model parameter in a coupled general circulation model for improving climate analysis and predictions.
Determining the terrain characteristics related to the surface expression of subsurface water pressurization in permafrost landscapes using susceptibility modelling
Authors: Holloway Jean E. , Rudy Ashley C. A. , Lamoureux Scott F. , Treitz Paul
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Warming of the Arctic in recent years has led to changes in the active layer and uppermost permafrost. In particular, thick active layer formation results in more frequent thaw of the ice-rich transient layer. This addition of moisture, as well as infiltration from late season precipitation, results in high pore-water pressures (PWPs) at the base of the active layer and can potentially result in landscape degradation. To predict areas that have the potential for subsurface pressurization, we use susceptibility maps generated using a generalized additive model (GAM). As model response variables, we used active layer detachments (ALDs) and mud ejections (MEs), both formed by high PWP conditions at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory, Melville Island, Canada. As explanatory variables, we used the terrain characteristics elevation, slope, distance to water, topographic position index (TPI), potential incoming solar radiation (PISR), distance to water, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; ME model only), geology, and topographic wetness index (TWI). ALDs and MEs were accurately modelled in terms of susceptibility to disturbance across the study area. The susceptibility models demonstrate that ALDs are most probable on hill slopes with gradual to steep slopes and relatively low PISR, whereas MEs are associated with higher elevation areas, lower slope angles and in areas relatively far from water. Based on these results, this method identifies areas that may be sensitive to high PWPs, and helps improve our understanding of geomorphic sensitivity to permafrost degradation.
An innovative method to calibrate a spinner anemometer without the use of yaw position sensor
Authors: Demurtas Giorgio , Cornelis Janssen Nick Gerardus
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A spinner anemometer can be used to measure the yaw misalignment and flow inclination experienced by a wind turbine. Previous calibration methods used to calibrate a spinner anemometer for flow angle measurements were based on measurements of a spinner anemometer with default settings (arbitrary values, generally k1,d  =  1 and k2,d  =  1) and a reference yaw misalignment signal measured with a yaw position sensor. The yaw position sensor is normally present in wind turbines for control purposes; however, such a signal is not always available for a spinner anemometer calibration. Therefore, an additional yaw position sensor was installed prior to the spinner anemometer calibration. An innovative method to calibrate the spinner anemometer without a yaw positions sensor was then developed. It was noted that a non-calibrated spinner anemometer that overestimates (underestimates) the inflow angle will also overestimate (underestimate) the wind speed when there is a yaw misalignment. The new method leverages the non-linearity of the spinner anemometer algorithm to find the calibration factor Fα by an optimization process that minimizes the dependency of the wind speed on the yaw misalignment. The new calibration method was found to be rather robust, with Fα values within ±2.7 % of the mean value for four successive tests at the same rotor position.
Del turismo 'ecológico' al 'ecoturismo': análisis de las unidades léxicas de un turismo emergente
Authors: Estornell Pons María
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo se ocupa del léxico generado en relación con una modalidad turística reciente, como es el turismo ecológico o ecoturismo. El auge de este tipo de turismo impulsa la creación de nuevos conceptos y productos para los que se acuñan unidades léxicas mediante distintos procedimientos de formación. Partiendo de la propia denominación turismo ecológico, expresada a continuación como acrónimo en ecoturismo, se analiza la formación de otras unidades relacionadas, así como su variación formal y su vigencia en el uso. Para ello, se ha recurrido a un determinado corpus de textos turísticos electrónicos, de carácter promocional, así como a la consulta de diferentes fuentes digitales y bases de datos.
Evaluating SMEs Growth Strategies: The Case Study of A Medium-sized UK Specialty Chemical Distributor
Authors: Frentzen Hendrik , Lampadarios Evripidis
Published: September 2016

The UK chemical distribution industry, a well-established, highly fragmented, subject to strong consolidation and significant part of the chemical industry, is a major contributor to the UK economy and employment. The ever increasing regulatory compliance requirements pose a significant challenge to all companies in general but more so to SMEs which have a strong presence in this industry. Even though there has been considerable research in the area of small business growth, best practices for SMEs in the chemical distribution industry are scarce. This is one of the few research papers that address this gap in knowledge in a case study context in the specific industry, arguing that a mix of inorganic and organic growth is the best way to achieve growth. Findings suggest that the strategy depends on the vision of the owner/manager, strategies in place, access to human resources and finance, past experiences, industry characteristics and company structure. Despite the methodological limitations of this study, this can be used as the basis for future research and to inform key stakeholders and policy makers.
As Eleições de 2016 em Umuarama: conjuntura das candidaturas à Prefeitura Municipal
Authors: Silva Rafael Egidio Leal e
Published: September 2016

Umuarama - PR
Soft-tissue Defects After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Management and Reconstruction
Authors: Osei Daniel A. , Rebehn Kelsey A. , Boyer Martin I.
Published: September 2016

Wound healing complications associated with total knee arthroplasty present a considerable challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. To ensure preservation of a functional joint, the management of periprosthetic soft-tissue defects around the knee requires rapid assessment, early and aggressive débridement, and durable, contoured coverage. Several reconstructive options are available to tailor soft-tissue coverage to the location, size, and depth of the wound. Special consideration should be given to the timing of the intervention, management of infection, and prosthesis salvage. The merits of each reconstructive option, including perforator, fasciocutaneous, muscular, and free microvascular flaps, should be weighed to select the most appropriate option. The proposed approach can guide surgeons in treating patients with these complex soft-tissue defects.
Minimal Incision, Multifidus-sparing Microendoscopic Diskectomy Versus Conventional Microdiskectomy for Highly Migrated Intracanal Lumbar Disk Herniations
Authors: Hussein Mohamed
Published: September 2016

Background:

Highly migrated intracanal disk herniation is not among the exclusion criteria of the interlaminar microendoscopic diskectomy (MED) procedure. The goal of this prospective, randomized, controlled study was to compare the effect of the size of the skin incision and the method of handling the multifidus muscle on the results of the interlaminar MED procedure versus conventional microdiskectomy in retrieving highly migrated intracanal disk herniations.

Methods:

Seventy-three patients with highly migrated intracanal lumbar disk herniations treated with either minimal incision, multifidus-sparing MED or conventional microdiskectomy were observed for 2 years. Primary (clinical) outcomes data included the results of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for back and leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to quantify pain and disability, respectively. Secondary objective outcomes data included surgical time, blood loss, postoperative analgesics, length of hospital stay, time to return to work, the rates of revision surgery complications, and the results of the patient satisfaction index (PSI) and the modified MacNab criteria.

Results:

At final follow-up, relief of leg pain was statistically significant for both groups. NRS back pain, ODI, PSI, and the modified MacNab criteria showed no improvement in the conventional microdiskectomy group. Secondary outcomes data in the MED group were significantly better than those for the control group.

Conclusions:

Highly migrated intracanal lumbar disk herniations can be sufficiently retrieved using minimal incision, multifidus-sparing MED, which is an effective alternative to conventional microdiskectomy. The minimal skin incision and multifidus-sparing approach of the MED had a positive effect on clinical outcomes, which were stable throughout the 2-year follow-up period.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic level II
A Monster without a Name: Creating the Beast Known as Antiochus IV in Daniel 7
Authors: Macumber Heather
Published: September 2016

The strange beasts of Daniel 7 have generated multiple investigations exploring their biblical and ancient Near Eastern backgrounds. This article focuses on the purpose served by the beastly imagery rather than its source material. Using Monster Theory, the article argues that the author intentionally embodies Antiochus IV as a monstrous being who defies moral and cultural boundaries to dehumanize him and encourage the Jewish community to anticipate divine punishment for Antiochus.
Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in Learning English among Tutors and Tutees of Class VIII Students in Kancheepuram DT
Authors: M. Marieswari , N. Prema
Published: September 2016

The peer who teaches to their mates is peer tutoring. It is a common instructional strategy used in classrooms. The aim of this study is know whether there is any improvement in achievement marks of tutors and tutees after the process of peer tutoring. Class VIII students were selected as sample for the present experimental study. The design of this experimental study was a two group parallel design such as one control and one experimental group with pre-test and post-test. Tutors of experimental group were trained to act as tutor for this research purpose. Pre-test and post-test marks of both control and experimental group were analyzed by using ‘t’ test. The result revealed that, the experimental group students (both tutors and tutees) exhibited a remarkable improvement in learning who received the content through peer tutoring than the control group students who were taught by the researcher through traditional way of teaching.
Investigating the Effect of Cooperative Learning and Competitive Learning Strategies on the English Vocabulary Development of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: Fekri Neda
Published: September 2016

The current study investigated the effect of cooperative and competitive learning strategies on the acquisition of English vocabulary development by Iranian EFL intermediate learners. In addition, it explored what type of theses strategies was more effective. In such doing, utilizing an Oxford Placement Test (OPT), 45 out of 77 Iranian EFL intermediate learners from four language institutes in Tehran, Iran, were randomly selected. Then, the selected participants were equally divided into three groups, i.e. a control group and two experimental groups, (N=15). On experimental group was taught via cooperative learning, and the other experimental group was taught via competitive learning. The obtained results were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test. The results revealed that both of these strategies were effective in English vocabulary development by Iranian EFL intermediate students. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the performance of the experimental group via cooperative strategy was better than their counterpart in the experimental group whom was taught via competitive strategy.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 11 No. 10
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: September 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 11 No. 10, 2016
The Effect of Fund Uniqueness on Fund Flow Sensitivity: An Empirical Study of Chinese Public Mutual Funds
Authors: Zhang Qiaobo
Published: September 2016

With the quick development of mutual funds in China, problem of fund homogeneity becomes more and more non-negligible. This paper constructs a uniqueness index to measure the uniqueness of funds in China by applying cluster analysis method and studies the effect of fund uniqueness on fund flow sensitivity with panel regressions. Using the sample of Chinese publicly-traded equity funds over the years at the quarterly frequency, the empirical result shows that fund uniqueness exert a significant impact on fund flows. That is, fund flows respond less sensitively to the past performance of unique funds than non-unique funds, indicating that more unique funds tend to exhibit a more stable pattern of fund flows. Based on these findings and relevant theories, this paper puts forward some suggestions on promoting the differentiation of fund products in China and thus contributes to the overall health of Chinese mutual fund market.
Dimension Formulae for the Polynomial Algebra as a Module over the Steenrod Algebra in Degrees Less than or Equal to $12$
Authors: Mothebe Mbakiso Fix , Kaelo Professor , Ramatebele Orebonye
Published: September 2016

Let ${\P}(n) ={\F}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial algebra in $n$ variables $x_i$, of degree one, over the field $\F$ of two elements. The mod-2 Steenrod algebra $\A$ acts on ${\P }(n)$ according to well known rules.  A major problem in algebraic topology is that of determining $\A^+{\P}(n)$, the image of the action of the positively graded part of $\A$. We are interested in the related problem of determining a basis for the quotient vector space ${\Q}(n) = {\P}(n)/\A^{+}\P(n)$. Both ${\P }(n) =\bigoplus_{d \geq 0} {\P}^{d}(n)$ and ${\Q}(n)$ are graded, where ${\P}^{d}(n)$ denotes the set of homogeneous polynomials of degree $d$. In this paper we give explicit formulae for the dimension of ${\Q}(n)$ in degrees less than or equal  to $12.$
Persons with Allergy Symptoms Use Alternative Medicine More Often
Authors: Kłak Anna , Raciborski Filip , Krzych-Fałta Edyta , Opoczyńska-Świeżewska Dagmara , Szymański Jakub , Lipiec Agnieszka , Piekarska Barbara , Sybilski Adam , Tomaszewska Aneta , Samoliński Bolesław
Published: September 2016

Introduction: The aim of the study is to indicate the relation between the use of alternative medicine and the occurrence of allergic diseases in the Polish population of adults in the age of 20−44 years. Moreover the additional aim of the study is to define the relation between the sex, age and place of living and the use of alternative medicine. Material and methods: The data from the project Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases in Poland (ECAP) has been used for analysis. This project was a continuation of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. The questions on alternative medicine were asked to the group of 4671 respondents in the age of 20−44 years. Additionally outpatient tests were performed in order to confirm the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Results: The total of 22.2% of respondents that participated in the study have ever used alternative medicine (n = 4621). A statistically significant relation between the use of alternative medicine and declaration of allergic diseases and asthma symptoms has been demonstrated (p < 0.001). No statistically significant relation between the use of alternative medicine by persons diagnosed by a doctor with any form of asthma or seasonal allergic rhinitis (p > 0.05) has been demonstrated. Conclusions: The occurrence of allergic diseases and asthma influences the frequency of alternative medicine use. However the frequency of alternative medicine use does not depend on allergic disease or asthma being confirmed by a doctor.
Centrilobular Nodules in High Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lung in IPAH Patients—Preliminary Data Concerning Clinico-Radiological Correlates
Authors: Szturmowicz Monika , Kacprzak Aneta , Burakowska Barbara , Skoczylas Agnieszka , Bestry Iwona , Kuś Jan , Fijałkowska Anna , Torbicki Adam , Kurzyna Marcin
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Inhomogeneity of lung attenuation pattern is observed in high resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) in some IPAH patients despite lack of interstitial lung disease. Such radiological changes are described either as ill-defined centrilobular nodules (CN) or as focal ground glass opacities (FGGO). There is no consensus in the literature, whether they indicate the distinct type of IPAH, or pulmonary venoocclusive disease (PVOD) with subtle radiological changes. Thus the aim of the present pilot study was to assess the frequency and clinical significance of inhomogenic lung attenuation pattern in IPAH. Material and methods: 52 IPAH patients (38 females, 14 males, mean age 41 years ± 15 years), entered the study. All available chest CT scans were reviewed retrospectively by the experienced radiologist, not aware about the clinical data of the patients. Results: CN were found in 10 patients (19%), FGGO—in 12 patients (23%). No lymphadenopathy or interlobular septal thickening suggestive of PVOD were found. The significant differences between CN and the remaining patients included: lower mean age—31 and 43.5 years, (p = 0.02), lack of persistent foramen ovale (PFO)—0% and 43% (p = 0.03), and higher mean right atrial pressure (mRAP)—12.5 mm Hg and 7.94 mm Hg (p = 0.01). No significant survival differences were observed between the groups of CN, FGGO and the remaining patients. Conclusion: Centrilobular nodules in IPAH were combined with lack of PFO, higher mRAP and younger age of patients.
Musculosceletal Tuberculosis with Involvement of Tendon Sheaths and Formation of Synovial Cyst
Authors: Zieliński Michał , Mazur-Zielińska Henryka , Kozielski Jerzy
Published: September 2016

Due to an increasing amount of patients on immunosuppressive treatment, the number of tuberculosis (TB) of atypical course and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases increase. Locomotor system is a place of every fifth case of extrapulmonary TB. Because of lack of characteristic symptoms, as well as rare co-occurrence of active lung lesions in radiological imaging, proper diagnosis is hard to establish. We present a case of patient on immunosuppressive therapy due to myositis, in whom we diagnosed musculoskeletal tuberculosis in form of involvement of tendon sheath and formation of synovial cyst.
A concepção do risco ambiental e sua abordagem na Educação básica / The conception of environmental risk and its approach to basic education
Authors: Ferreira André Barbosa Ribeiro , Tarôco Larissa Trindade , Souza Carla Juscélia de Oliveira
Published: September 2016

Os desastres ambientais ocorrem com frequência em todos os países devido à combinação de fatores naturais e ação antrópica. Sendo assim, surge o interesse por investigar a maneira como os Riscos Ambientais e Áreas de Risco são discutidos na educação básica, mais precisamente na disciplina de Geografia. A análise foi feita em duas escolas públicas de São João del-Rei, através de um diagnóstico sobre o conhecimento e a concepção de risco entre os alunos, investigando também como o assunto é trabalhado pelos professores de Geografia. Através das respostas apresentadas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, em questionário semiestruturado pode-se dizer que o tema trabalhado durante aulas de geografia ocorre de maneira superficial e a mídia é a principal fonte de acesso ao assunto.

ABSTRACT

Environmental disasters occur frequently in all countries due to the combination of natural factors and anthropic actions. Thus arises the interest to investigate how the Environmental Risk and Risk Areas are discussed in basic education, more accurately the Geography discipline. The analysis was done in two public schools in São João del-Rei, through a diagnosis on the knowledge and the conception of risk among students, also as investigating the subject is worked by Geography teachers. Through the responses provided by the subjects of the research, semi-structured questionnaire can be said that the theme worked on during geography lessons occurs a superficial way and the media is the main source of access to it.

Keywords: Conception; Environmental risk; Geographic Education.
O pensamento fenomenológico na educação geográfica: caminhos para uma aproximação entre cultura e ciência / Phenomenological thinking in geographic education: an approach for roads between culture and science
Authors: Davim David Emanuel Madeira , Marandola Junior Eduardo José
Published: September 2016

Com a intensão de responder à demandas do contexto contemporâneo e seus desafios, principalmente no campo científico, que coloca em cheque sua credibilidade de discurso e sua posição de autoridade diante da produção do conhecimento, nos propomos, com este artigo, a pensar novas alternativas à educação básica, sobretudo à prática do ensino em ciências humanas, destaque maior para a educação geográfica. Para viabilizar esta reflexão nos utilizaremos de uma perspectiva humanista-fenomenológica, que nas últimas décadas reapareceu como uma alternativa epistemológica a este contexto aparentemente fluido, proporcionado pela pós-modernidade que se apresenta. Esta perspectiva humanista na Geografia ressurge no contexto epistemológico contemporâneo como um colaborador em potencial para a superação desta condição apriorística, racional e universalista que ainda orienta o pensamento geográfico atual.

Palavras-chaves: Fenomenologia; Geografia Humanista; Educação; Cultura e Ciência.

Abstract

With the intention of reply to the demands of the contemporary context and its challenges, mainly in the scientific camp, which puts in check their credibility speech and his position of authority on the production of knowledge, we propose, with this work, to think of new alternatives basic education, especially in the practice of teaching in the human sciences, most prominent for School Geography. To enable this reflection we will use in a humanist-phenomenological perspective, which reappeared in recent decades as a coherent epistemological alternative to this seemingly fluid context provided by that postmodernity is presented. This humanist perspective in Geography resurfaces in contemporary epistemological context as a potential contributor to overcoming this a priori, rational and universal that still guides the current geographical thought condition.

 

Keywords: Phenomenology; Humanist Geography; Education; Culture and Science.
Intraoperative Anaphylactic Reaction: Is it the Floseal?
Authors: Bordes Brianne , Martin David , Schloss Brian , Beebe Allan , Samora Walter , Klamar Jan , Stukus David , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: September 2016

When hemodynamic or respiratory instability occurs intraoperatively, the inciting event must be determined so that a therapeutic plan can be provided to ensure patient safety. Although generally uncommon, one cause of cardiorespiratory instability is anaphylactic reactions. During anesthetic care, these most commonly involve neuromuscular blocking agents, antibiotics, or latex. Floseal is a topical hemostatic agent that is frequently used during orthopedic surgical procedures to augment local coagulation function and limit intraoperative blood loss. As these products are derived from human thrombin, animal collagen, and animal gelatin, allergic phenomenon may occur following their administration. We present 2 pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion who developed intraoperative hemodynamic and respiratory instability following use of the topical hemostatic agent, Floseal. Previous reports of such reactions are reviewed, and the perioperative care of patients with intraoperative anaphylaxis is discussed.
The Measurement of the Sensory Recovery Period in Zygoma and Blow-Out Fractures with Neurometer Current Perception Threshold
Authors: Oh Daemyung , Yun Taebin , Kim Junhyung , Choi Jaehoon , Jeong Woonhyeok , Chu Hojun , Lee Soyoung
Published: September 2016

Background Facial hypoesthesia is one of the most troublesome complaints in the management of facial bone fractures. However, there is a lack of literature on facial sensory recovery after facial trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facial sensory recovery period for facial bone fractures using Neurometer.

Methods Sixty-three patients who underwent open reduction of zygomatic and blowout fractures between December 2013 and July 2015 were included in the study. The facial sensory status of the patients was repeatedly examined preoperatively and postoperatively by Neurometer current perception threshold (CPT) until the results were normalized.

Results Among the 63 subjects, 30 patients had normal Neurometer results preoperatively and postoperatively. According to fracture types, 17 patients with blowout fracture had a median recovery period of 0.25 months. Twelve patients with zygomatic fracture had a median recovery period of 1.00 month. Four patients with both fracture types had a median recovery period of 0.625 months. The median recovery period of all 33 patients was 0.25 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the sensory recovery period between types and subgroups of zygomatic and blowout fractures. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensory recovery period according to Neurometer results and the patients' own subjective reports.

Conclusions Neurometer CPT is effective for evaluating and comparing preoperative and postoperative facial sensory status and evaluating the sensory recovery period in facial bone fracture patients.
Feasibility of the Use of RapiGraft and Skin Grafting in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Yang Jung Dug , Cho In Gook , Kwon Joon Hyun , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae
Published: September 2016

Background Skin grafting is a relatively simple and thus widely used procedure. However, the elastic and structural quality of grafted skin is poor. Recently, various dermal substitutes have been developed to overcome this disadvantage of split-thickness skin grafts. The present study aims to determine the feasibility of RapiGraft as a new dermal substitute.

Methods This prospective study included 20 patients with partial- or full-thickness skin defects; the patients were enrolled between January 2013 and March 2014. After skin defect debridement, the wound was divided into two parts by an imaginary line. Split-thickness skin grafting alone was performed on one side (group A), and RapiGraft and split-thickness skin grafting were used on the other side (group B). All patients were evaluated using photographs and self-questionnaires. The Manchester scar scale (MSS), a chromameter, and a durometer were used for the scar evaluation. The average follow-up period was 6 months.

Results The skin graft take rates were 93% in group A and 89% in group B, a non-significant difference (P=0.082). Statistically, group B had significantly lower MSS, vascularity, and pigmentation results than group A (P<0.05 for all). However, the groups did not differ significantly in pliability (P=0.155).

Conclusions The present study indicates that a simultaneous application of RapiGraft and a split-thickness skin graft is safe and yields improved results. Therefore, we conclude that the use of RapiGraft along with skin grafting will be beneficial for patients requiring reconstructive surgery.
Rhinoplasty Education Using a Standardized Patient Encounter
Authors: Wright Eric J. , Khosla Rohit K. , Howell Lori , Lee Gordon K.
Published: September 2016

Background Comprehensive aesthetic surgery training continues to be a challenge for residency programs. Our residency program developed a rhinoplasty-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) based upon validated methods as part of the residency education curriculum. We report our experience with the rhinoplasty-based OSCE and offer guidance to its incorporation within residency programs.

Methods The encounter involved resident evaluation and operative planning for a standardized patient desiring a rhinoplasty procedure. Validated OSCE methods currently used at our medical school were implemented. Residents were evaluated on appropriate history taking, physical examination, and explanation to the patient of treatment options. Examination results were evaluated using analysis of variance (statistical significance P<0.05).

Results Twelve residents completed the rhinoplasty OSCE. Medical knowledge assessment showed increasing performance with clinical year, 50% versus 84% for postgraduate year 3 and 6, respectively (P<0.005). Systems-based practice scores showed that all residents incorrectly submitted forms for billing and operative scheduling. All residents confirmed that the OSCE realistically represents an actual patient encounter. All faculty confirmed the utility of evaluating resident performance during the OSCE as a useful assessment tool for determining the Next Accreditation System Milestone level.

Conclusions Aesthetic surgery training for residents will require innovative methods for education. Our examination showed a program-educational weakness in billing/coding, an area that will be improved upon by topic-specific lectures. A thoroughly developed OSCE can provide a realistic educational opportunity to improve residents' performance on the nonoperative aspects of rhinoplasty and should be considered as an adjunct to resident education.
Role of Public Investment in Growth and Poverty Reduction in Transition Economies
Authors: Acharya Sanjaya , Nuriev Shamshimukhamed
Published: September 2016

This paper explores the linkages among public investment, growth and poverty in light of the existing theories, evidence and methods for 30 transition economies using the panel data for 1995-2010. Using Least Square Dummy Variable technique, we conclude that public investment is growth enhancing; furthermore, the impact is even higher if associated with foreign direct investment. However, public investment is still not strong enough to reduce poverty, poverty gap and inequality in income distribution. In case of the latter, it has rather worsening impact. But if public current expenditure is spent primarily on educational subsidies, this brings pro-poor growth impact.
The Search for Meaning: A Film-Based Approach
Authors: ARNOLD JULIE WEGNER
Published: September 2016

Professionals who study and document the lives of young adults assert that people between the ages of seventeen and thirty are often overwhelmed by difficulties that accompany their transition into adulthood, making it difficult for them to imagine a future in which they can fulfill their personal needs and also make meaningful contributions to society. This essay shares a film-based strategy for guiding students in their desire to balance independence with responsibility. Anchored in the author's broad understanding of the liberal arts, the method of film instruction described in this paper inspires undergraduates to interpret relationships between cinematic form (artistic properties of film) and meaning (thematic content). Furthermore, the proposed approach to film instruction encourages students to consider how thematic content implicit in cinematic form may be applicable and meaningful to them as they transition into full adulthood and seek ways to become engaged citizens. The author teaches French Cinema to upper-level undergraduate students of French and to students who take the course as a Humanities elective taught in English.
Validation of a Functional Pyelocalyceal Renal Model for the Evaluation of Renal Calculi Passage While Riding a Roller Coaster
Authors: Mitchell Marc A. , Wartinger David D.
Published: September 2016

Context: The identification and evaluation of activities capable of dislodging calyceal renal calculi require a patient surrogate or validated functional pyelocalyceal renal model.

Objective: To evaluate roller coaster facilitation of calyceal renal calculi passage using a functional pyelocalyceal renal model.

Methods: A previously described adult ureteroscopy and renoscopy simulator (Ideal Anatomic) was modified and remolded to function as a patient surrogate. Three renal calculi of different sizes from the patient who provided the original computed tomographic urograph on which the simulator was based were used. The renal calculi were suspended in urine in the model and taken for 20 rides on the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad roller coaster at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. The roller coaster rides were analyzed using variables of renal calculi volume, calyceal location, model position on the roller coaster, and renal calculi passage.

Results: Sixty renal calculi rides were analyzed. Independent of renal calculi volume and calyceal location, front seating on the roller coaster resulted in a passage rate of 4 of 24. Independent of renal calculi volume and calyceal location, rear seating on the roller coaster resulted in a passage rate of 23 of 36. Independent of renal calculi volume in rear seating, calyceal location differed in passage rates, with an upper calyceal calculi passage rate of 100%; a middle calyceal passage rate of 55.6%; and a lower calyceal passage rate of 40.0%.

Conclusion: The functional pyelocalyceal renal model serves as a functional patient surrogate to evaluate activities that facilitate calyceal renal calculi passage. The rear seating position on the roller coaster led to the most renal calculi passages.
Effect of Medical Education on Empathy in Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: McTighe Adam J. , DiTomasso Robert A. , Felgoise Stephanie , Hojat Mohammadreza
Published: September 2016

Context: Empathy is an integral component of the patient-physician relationship and involves a cognitive ability to connect with others in a meaningful fashion. Multiple longitudinal studies have shown that self-reported allopathic medical student empathy declines significantly during year 3. However, to date, only 4 cross-sectional studies have been published on osteopathic medical students’ empathy. Whereas studies of allopathic medical students reported a decline in empathy, similar results were not found in osteopathic studies.

Objective: To investigate (1) self-reported empathy through years 1 to 3 of osteopathic medical students and (2) whether empathy declines during year 3.

Design: Design included cross-sectional and test-retest data collection.

Setting: Private osteopathic medical school in the Northeast region of the United States.

Participants: Osteopathic medical students.

Main Outcome Measure: The Jefferson Scale of Empathy medical student version.

Results: Respondents (N=717) included 383 women (53%) and 334 men (47%). When empathy levels were examined by demographics, the only significant finding was that women reported significantly higher empathy levels than men (112.3 vs 109.3; P<.001). Cross-sectional results indicate that mean empathy levels were significantly lower for third-year students at the end of the year (108.7) compared with first- and second-year students at the beginning of the year (111.3 and 112.4, respectively; P<.05). Test-retest analyses of year 3 indicated significantly lower empathy levels from the beginning to the end of the academic year (111.2 and 108.7, respectively; P<.05).

Conclusion: Osteopathic medical students’ empathy declined significantly during year 3, which is consistent with the findings from allopathic samples but differs from findings from osteopathic samples. More research is needed to build the data on osteopathic medical student samples and to achieve a better understanding of changes in empathy in osteopathic and allopathic medical students.
Synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Ti/Al ohmic contacts to n-type GaN: Key role of Al capping layers in interface scavenging reactions
Authors: Nozaki Mikito , Ito Joyo , Asahara Ryohei , Nakazawa Satoshi , Ishida Masahiro , Ueda Tetsuzo , Yoshigoe Akitaka , Hosoi Takuji , Shimura Takayoshi , Watanabe Heiji
Published: September 2016

Interface reactions between Ti-based electrodes and n-type GaN epilayers were investigated by synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Metallic Ga and thin TiN alloys were formed at the interface by subsequently depositing Al capping layers on ultrathin Ti layers even at room temperature. By comparing results from stacked Ti/Al and single Ti electrodes, the essential role of Al capping layers serving as an oxygen-scavenging element to produce reactive Ti underlayers was demonstrated. Further growth of the metallic interlayer during annealing was observed. A strategy for achieving low-resistance ohmic contacts to n-GaN with low-thermal-budget processing is discussed.