bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Closing the Loop on Drilling Fluid Management Control
Authors: Iversen F. P. , Daireaux B. , Alyaev S. , Petersen J.
Published: April 2015

The important task of managing the drilling fluid during drilling operations is traditionally performed by highly qualified mud engineers at the rig site, following the constraints of the drilling fluid program, designed prior to commencing drilling operations. Due to uncertainty in planning data, the fluids specification may in many cases be unsuitable for the actual conditions in the well, requiring manual adjustments. However, ongoing developments in mechanization, robotics and real-time sensor technology for drilling fluids processing on the rig are making possible a revolution in fluids control. Based on such new and developing technology, we here consider the possibility of computer enabled closed loop real-time optimization of the drilling fluids property management on the rig.

Automated drilling fluids optimization may be performed within the constraints of the parameter ranges of the drilling fluid program, and with respect to more complex downhole behavior such as hole cleaning efficiency, affected by the combination of multiple fluids properties. Computationally inexpensive local optimization algorithms are sufficient for our purpose, requiring input from fluid compositional models. Such models are briefly reviewed. Standard interfaces are further required in order to apply input from third party models or correlation tables. We consider mixing scenarios where the domain of the optimization problem is constrained by the type and quantity of additives available on the rig site, and where automated sensors and computer controlled mixing technologies currently becoming available are assumed applied.

Examples of drilling fluids optimization control functionality are presented. The applied methods and algorithms can take advantage of highly instrumented surface installations, but may also be adapted to a more conventional set-up with limited real-time measurements, at the cost of lower accuracy. Correlations between composition and the various optimization targets may be visualized as an aid in the supervisory decision process. Requirements with regards to modelling and methods of control are discussed, and the status of development of enabling technology is presented, indicating also perceived technology gaps. Finally, results from simulations with a software prototype are reported.

The presented methodology complements recent efforts made in the field of drilling fluid mixing automation: while previous focus has often been on robotization of the process and on supervised control, such as maintaining a specified fluid density, the described approach allows for automatic redesign of the fluid composition. It is particularly well-suited for situations where down-hole conditions change rapidly, as they are accounted for in the optimization procedure.
Extended Release of Timolol from Ethyl Cellulose Microparticles Laden Hydrogel Contact Lenses
Authors: Maulvi Furqan A. , Soni Tejal G. , Shah Dinesh O.
Published: April 2015

Glaucoma is a second leading cause of blindness globally after cataract, which is managed through eye drops, which are highly inefficient due to a low bioavailability of less than 1-5%. Frequent administration of eye drops leads to incompliance in patients, so there is a great need for medical device such as contact lenses to treat glaucoma. The objective of research was to provide sustained ocular delivery of timolol via prototype poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel contact lenses which may improve bioavailability due to increase in ocular residence time of drug. The present work was to encapsulate drug in ethylcellulose microparticles, and to entrap these microparticles in the hydrogel. Microparticles were prepared by spray drying method using different ratios of drug to ethylcellulose. The solid state characterization studies of drug loaded microparticles revealed the transformation of drug to an amorphous state. The hydrogels were characterized by studying their optical and physical properties to determine their suitability as extended wear contact lenses. Microparticles laden hydrogels were compared with direct drug loaded hydrogels. The study of microparticles laden hydrogels showed reduction in optical and physical properties and the impact was proportional to the amount of microparticles in hydrogels. The results suggest the application of optimization and nanotechnology. In vitro drug release study revealed that direct loading batch delivers drug for 22 hours with high drug loading of 150 µg, while microparticles laden hydrogel deliver drug up to 48 hours (zero order kinetics) with low drug loading of 50 µg. The hydrogels appeared safe in the cytotoxicity study. The study demonstrated the promising potential of loading the ethyl cellulose microparticles into hydrogels to serve as a good platform for sustained ophthalmic drug delivery.
Intellectual Ability in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Dystrophin Gene Mutation Location
Authors: Rasic Milic V. , Vojinovic D. , Pesovic J. , Mijalkovic G. , Lukic V. , Mladenovic J. , Kosac A. , Novakovic I. , Maksimovic N. , Romac S. , Todorovic S. , Pavicevic Savic D.
Published: April 2015

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy during childhood. Mutations in dystrophin (DMD) gene are also recognized as a cause of cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine the association between intelligence level and mutation location in DMD genes in Serbian patients with DMD. Forty-one male patients with DMD, aged 3 to 16 years, were recruited at the Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth in Belgrade, Serbia. All patients had defined DMD gene deletions or duplications [multiplex ligation- dependent probe amplification (MLPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and cognitive status assessment (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Brunet-Lezine scale, Vineland-Doll scale). In 37 patients with an estimated full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), six (16.22%) had borderline intelligence (70<FSIQ ≤85), while seven (18.92%) were intellectually impaired (FSIQ <70). The FSIQ was not associated with proximal and distal mutations when boundaries were set at exons 30 and 45. However, FSIQ was statistically significantly associated with mutation location when we assumed their functional consequence on dystrophin isoforms and when mutations in the 5’-untranslated region (5’UTR) of Dp140 (exons 45-50) were assigned to affect only Dp427 and Dp260. Mutations affecting Dp140 and Dp71/Dp40 have been associated with more frequent and more severe cognitive impairment. Finally, the same classification of mutations explained the greater proportion of FSIQ variability associated with cumulative loss of dystrophin isoforms. In conclusion, cumulative loss of dystrophin isoforms increases the risk of intellectual impairment in DMD and characterizing the genotype can define necessity of early cognitive interventions in DMD patients.
X-Linked Recessive Form of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in A 7-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Janchevska A. , Tasic V. , Gucev Z. , Krstevska-Konstantinova M. , Cheong H. I.
Published: April 2015

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by the inability of renal collecting duct cells to respond to arginine vasopressin (AVP)/antidiuretic hormone (ADH). We present the case of a 7-year-old boy with a history of excretion of large amounts of dilute urine and polydipsia since infancy. The boy had several vomiting episodes with mild dehydration during the first 3 years of life. There was no evidence of headaches, dizziness or visual problems. He drinks between 2 and 3 L/day and has 24-hour diuresis of 2 liters, now. He has prepubertal appearance with appropriate weight [+0.85 standard deviation score (SDS)] and height (+0.15 SDS) for his age. His intelligence was also normal. The water deprivation test showed low urine osmolality after 8 hours of dehydration. After desmopressin administration, urine osmolality remained low. Serum osmolality was in the normal range for sex and age before and after desmopressin administration. This indicated a nephrogenic form of diabetes insipidus. Molecular analyses revealed a P286L [p.Pro(CCC)286Leu(CTC)] mutation in the AVPR2 gene, that was inherited from his mother. This patient is the first case with genetically confirmed X-linked inherited form of NDI in the Republic of Macedonia. Molecular analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis and enabled genetic advice for this family.
Risk of Experiment Failure – Analysis of Crash Test Reliability / Ryzyko Niepowodzenia Eksperymentu – Analiza Niezawodności Prób Zderzeniowych
Authors: Perz Rafał , Matyjewski Marek
Published: April 2015

The research on automotive safety usually involves crash test experiments. These tests are very expensive, often difficult to replicate, which may lead to serious loss. This paper shows the crash test reliability analysis and classifies the risk of failure of such experiment. 46 frontal crash tests were conducted with the use of crash test dummies. All the tests were prepared according to the standard operating procedure (SOP) and the strict check list was followed before each run. All the tests were categorized for loss and analyzed for the cause of failure. Then the probability of failure of crash test experiment was calculated. From 46 conducted tests, 6 failed, which is 13% of all the tests. The main reason of the test failures was human mistake. The results show that probability of loss during crash tests is very likel
“Attention Must Be Paid”: Death of a Salesman’s Counter-Adapted Yiddish Homecoming
Authors: Caplan Debra
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:

This article considers the Yiddish-language response to Death of a Salesman as an essential component of the play’s reception history. I examine how Yiddish adaptations of Salesman subtly subverted Miller’s pro-acculturation message through a mechanism that I call counter-adaptation, which I define as an adaptive mode used by a culture on the margins to counteract the agenda of the original while simultaneously performing loyalty to it. Moreover, I document how Miller’s support for a Yiddish production of Salesman in New York sheds new light on the playwright’s contested relationship with his Jewish identity and reveals that Miller was far more willing to concede the Loman family’s Jewishness in this period than has previously been suggested. In arguing that we cannot accurately interpret post-war American dramatists like Miller without examining the Yiddish record, I am advocating for a multilingual corrective to American theatre scholarship at large.
Reading Collage Drama as Documentary Drama: Trash Archives and Dissensus in Charles L. Mee’s Lives of the Artists
Authors: Youker Timothy
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:

Theatre scholarship tends to link the term “documentary theatre” (positively or pejoratively) with the methods and professional ethics of journalists, social scientists, or historians. However, documentary theatre, from the 1920s to the present, has had more in common than is often assumed with avant-garde practices such as collage, assemblage, and bricolage. This article uses the biographical plays of Charles L. Mee, whose cut-and-paste dramaturgy combines textual fragments from factual and fictional sources, to argue for a more expansive definition of the term documentary theatre – one encompassing works that dissent from conventional thinking about how evidence is identified, collected, organized, and explained. This argument focuses upon Mee’s play about disabled “outsider” artist James Castle, soot and spit, and draws upon Jacques Rancière’s writing about panechastic teaching and dissensual art.
Information-Theoretic Inference of Common Ancestors
Authors: Steudel Bastian , Ay Nihat
Published: April 2015

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) partially represents the conditional independence structure among observations of a system if the local Markov condition holds, that is if every variable is independent of its non-descendants given its parents. In general, there is a whole class of DAGs that represents a given set of conditional independence relations. We are interested in properties of this class that can be derived from observations of a subsystem only. To this end, we prove an information-theoretic inequality that allows for the inference of common ancestors of observed parts in any DAG representing some unknown larger system. More explicitly, we show that a large amount of dependence in terms of mutual information among the observations implies the existence of a common ancestor that distributes this information. Within the causal interpretation of DAGs, our result can be seen as a quantitative extension of Reichenbach’s principle of common cause to more than two variables. Our conclusions are valid also for non-probabilistic observations, such as binary strings, since we state the proof for an axiomatized notion of “mutual information” that includes the stochastic as well as the algorithmic version.
Disease Relapses among Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Kermani Tanaz A. , Warrington Kenneth J. , Cuthbertson David , Carette Simon , Hoffman Gary S. , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry L. , Langford Carol A. , Maksimowicz-McKinnon Kathleen , McAlear Carol A. , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Merkel Peter A. , Ytterberg Steven R.
Published: April 2015

Objective.

To evaluate the frequency, timing, and clinical features of relapses in giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods.

Patients with GCA enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study were included in the analysis. Relapse was defined as either new disease activity after a period of remission or worsening disease activity.

Results.

The study included 128 subjects: 102 women (80%) and 26 men (20%). Mean ± SD age at diagnosis of GCA was 69.9 ± 8.6 years. Mean followup for the cohort was 21.4 ± 13.9 months. Median (interquartile range) duration of disease at study enrollment was 4.6 months (1.2, 16.8). During followup, 59 relapses were observed in 44 patients (34%). Ten patients (8%) experienced 2 or more relapses. The most common symptoms at relapse were headache (42%) and polymyalgia rheumatica (51%), but ischemic (some transient) manifestations (visual symptoms, tongue or jaw claudication, and/or limb claudication) occurred in 29% of relapses (12% cohort). Forty-three relapses (73%) occurred while patients were taking glucocorticoid therapy at a median (range) prednisone dose of 7.5 (0–35) mg. In 21% of relapses, both erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were normal. Among 69 patients enrolled in the cohort with newly diagnosed disease, 24% experienced a first relapse within 12 months after diagnosis.

Conclusion.

Among patients with GCA, relapses are common, often occurring during treatment. ESR and CRP are frequently normal at times of clinical relapse, highlighting the need for better biomarkers to assess disease activity in GCA. There remains a need for effective therapeutic alternatives to glucocorticoids in GCA.
Du lait de la nourrice aux alimenta du père nourricier : des liens fragiles dans la Rome impériale
Authors: Bretin-Chabrol Marine
Published: April 2015

Dans la Rome antique, deux types de liens nourriciers peuvent se nouer autour de l’enfant : le lien avec une nourrice qui allaite l’enfant pour le compte d’autrui, et le lien entre un enfant abandonné et ses parents nourriciers. Ces deux liens placent l’enfant et ces figures nourricières dans des situations de vulnérabilité qui sont partiellement identifiées par les médecins et les juristes d’époque impériale : vulnérabilité physique et morale du nourrisson, vulnérabilité des parents nourriciers face au titre légitime du paterfamilias . Mais la spécificité du rôle de la nourrice, dont le corps et l’affect sont mobilisés et contrôlés par les parents de l’enfant, donne à cette femme (par opposition à son conjoint, qui peut être lui aussi agent des soins dispensés à l’enfant) une position à la fois plus prestigieuse et plus vulnérable, sur les plans physique, affectif et économique.
Femmes au combat : cessent-elles d’être une catégorie vulnérable ?
Authors: Daniel-Genc Stéphanie
Published: April 2015

En vingt ans la proportion de femmes militaires a doublé dans les armées françaises. Paradoxalement, la féminisation de la profession a peu modifié l’image des femmes, qui reste associée à la fragilité. Au contraire, leur intégration met en évidence une tension entre le principe d’égalité – qui plaide pour la féminisation de l’institution militaire – et la vulnérabilité féminine supposée par le droit des conflits – qui octroie aux femmes des dispositions particulières en vue de les protéger. Afin de comprendre le sens et l’articulation de ces deux injonctions contradictoires, cet article se propose d’interroger la notion de vulnérabilité définie par le droit des conflits armés et d’explorer les qualités singulières attribuées aux femmes pour promouvoir leur participation aux opérations militaires.
Trajectoires de vie et rapports de domination
Authors: Borgeaud-Garciandía Natacha
Published: April 2015

Cet article prend appui sur des récits d’employées domestiques et du care à Buenos Aires. Leurs trajectoires sont marquées par la migration, tandis que la place occupée dans la division du travail en Argentine témoigne de l’articulation de divers rapports de domination (sexe, ‘race’, classe). De là, l’analyse porte sur la complexité de ces rapports, tels qu’ils se structurent dans les récits que les sujets offrent de leurs trajectoires de vie. Une première partie situe la problématique dans une conceptualisation des rapports entre dominations et sujets. Une deuxième partie restitue de façon analytique une trajectoire, à même d’illustrer et de mettre en lumière la complexité et la variabilité des rapports entremêlés de la domination sur l’échelle d’une biographie et des représentations auxquelles elle donne lieu. 1
Thucydide, témoin des opérations navales dans la première phase de la guerre du Péloponnèse (431-415 av. J.-C.)
Authors: Kowalski Jean-Marie
Published: April 2015

Les raids nautiques sont sans doute la forme la plus ancienne de la guerre sur mer. Pourtant, l’histoire de la guerre du Péloponnèse retient plus facilement les batailles navales qui marquèrent la dernière phase du conflit, ainsi que l’expédition de Sicile menée en 415 av. J.-C., dont l’ampleur occulte sans doute les précédentes. Thucydide, qui fut à la fois un témoin et un acteur ponctuel des expéditions navales de la première phase du conflit, propose un récit riche en informations sur les aspects opérationnels de la guerre menée dans la zone littorale et dans les espaces insulaires.
La bataille de Pallènè aura encore lieu ou Pisistrate dans les rets de l’analogisme historique d’Andocide
Authors: Larran Francis
Published: April 2015

Andocide, I, 106 transfère la victoire de Pisistrate à Pallènè en 510 pour la placer à l’ archè de la démocratie athénienne. Une recontextualisation historique du procès d’Andocide semble nécessaire pour comprendre cet anachronisme volontaire. Dans une cité qui peine à se reconstruire après la guerre du Péloponnèse, la manipulation chronologique permet d’assurer la réintégration civique d’Andocide en conciliant les lectures oligarchique et démocratique du passé athénien
Quand les héros changent de nom : Asie d’Henri-René Lenormand et les réécritures du mythe antique de Médée
Authors: Voelke Pierre
Published: April 2015

Dans les multiples réécritures à travers lesquelles se manifeste un mythe, l’anthroponyme des héros semble constituer l’élément le plus stable. La présente étude est centrée sur une réécriture théâtrale du mythe antique de Médée, Asie d’Henri-René Lenormand, qui précisément s’autorise à modifier systématiquement les anthroponymes des protagonistes. Cette opération est d’autant plus audacieuse que l’anthroponyme « Médée » constitue, depuis la Médée de Sénèque surtout, un élément richement investi sémantiquement, qui paraît contenir en lui-même l’identité de l’héroïne. Dans la pièce de Lenormand, le changement des noms des protagonistes participe d’une série de transpositions dans le temps et dans l’espace et d’une resémantisation profonde du mythe. Cette resémantisation, qui prolonge une tendance observable depuis la fin du XVIII e siècle, fait de la confrontation entre les protagonistes une opposition ethnique, raciale et culturelle qui s’inscrit ici dans le contexte contemporain de la colonisation française de l’Indochine.
Entre guerre et paix : Israël au jour le jour
Authors: Shir-Vertesh Dafna , Markowitz Fran
Published: April 2015

Cette étude examine en quoi la situation d’Israël se caractérise par un état de quasi-guerre. Partie intégrante du quotidien des citoyens israéliens et palestiniens, cet état crée une tension entre la normalité du quotidien et une atmosphère de quasi-guerre toujours présente. L’article montrera comment durant l’opération « Pilier de la Défense » en 2012, les résidents de la ville israélienne de Beer-Sheva et de ses environs ont lutté pour préserver une forme de routine journalière. L’observation des diverses réactions face à l’éruption de la violence dans la vie quotidienne amène à penser que ce que l’on croyait éphémère est devenu permanent, et à voir dans cet état intermédiaire entre la guerre et la paix, un mode de vie et d’être de plus en plus accepté et acceptable.
« Une nation start-up » . La créativité israélienne, ressource géo-politique
Authors: Tawil Yoël
Published: April 2015

Examinant une série de discours et d’événements qui relèvent du domaine de la créativité et qui sont associés à la perception d’Israël en tant que centre de haute technologie et d’entreprenariat, cet article montre que ces événements créatifs engagent explicitement et implicitement la présence d’autres discours portant à la fois sur la faiblesse de l’Etat-nation et sur sa puissance contre-nature. Qu’il s’agisse des créateurs ou du public, la réalisation de ces expériences de pointe et leurs interprétations renforcent symboliquement l’image d’un pays toujours en construction, qui triomphe miraculeusement de la loi naturelle géo­politique et qui, comme tel, inspire un sentiment élevé de sécurité nationale.
Apprendre à ne pas voir. Santé et politique dans le sud israélien
Authors: Razon Na’amah
Published: April 2015

Cet article explore les répercussions des politiques israéliennes de santé sur l’inclusion et l’exclusion des citoyens bédouins arabes. Il montre comment les professionnels de santé israéliens construisent une égalité médicalisée qui néglige les questions sociales, politiques et historiques, indispensables pour comprendre les disparités de santé dans la région. C’est pourquoi, bien que les professionnels de santé continuent de prétendre mettre en œuvre une politique de l’égalité, la discrimination perdure.
Le discours sur la blackness en Israël. Évolution et chevauchements
Authors: Djerrahian Gabriella
Published: April 2015

Trois reconfigurations de la blackness entreprises au cours des 30 dernières années par trois populations stigmatisées vivant en Israël sont ici examinées : les jeunes rappeurs palestiniens citoyens d’Israël, les Mizrahim et, plus récemment, les juifs éthiopiens. L’évolution des notions de blackness se juxtapose aux revendications faites par les rappeurs palestiniens, citoyens israéliens, qui sont en concurrence avec les juifs noirs pour l’obtention du titre de « vrais » noirs, les ultimes opprimés d’Israël.
La mort périnatale : souffrance et malaise des soignants
Authors: Gonnaud Françoise
Published: April 2015

Parcourir le chemin de la naissance à la mort est habituellement le projet de toute une vie. En médecine périnatale, ce projet se réduit parfois à quelques minutes. Face à la détresse des parents, l’équipe soignante ne pourra apporter toute l’attention et la sollicitude indispensables que si elle-même bénéficie d’une formation et d’un accompagnement adaptés. *
La théologie politique des évêques français de 1919 à 1939
Authors: Clément Jean-Louis
Published: April 2015

Les évêques français, pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, ont promu une théologie politique. Jusqu’en 1930, elle se déduisait de la souveraineté de Dieu, Créateur de l’Univers. Par la suite, elle se fonda sur l’idée de Personne Humaine au service de laquelle sont préposés la Société et l’État. L’épiscopat essaya de promouvoir cette théologie, certes au moment de la reconstruction en 1919, mais surtout dans les années trente au plus fort de la crise du parlementarisme. Pour contrer la floraison de doctrines politiques faisant fi de l’idée de personne, l’Assemblée des Cardinaux et Archevêques mit à la disposition des fidèles un catéchisme politique rédigé par l’abbé Daniel-Joseph Lallement. L’épiscopat s’associa, sous le gouvernement Daladier, à la négociation d’un nouveau concordat sur un projet du sous-secrétaire d’État aux Affaires Étrangères, Auguste Champetier de Ribes, dans le but de fonder en conscience l’obéissance à l’Autorité.
Théophile ouvre l’évangile (Luc 1-4)
Authors: Wargnies Philippe
Published: April 2015

Si, comme on le pense, l’évangile de Luc est destiné, à travers « Théophile », à des chrétiens venus du monde païen, on peut se demander pourquoi ses premiers chapitres sont chargés de réalités typiquement juives et d’un riche arrière-fond scripturaire. L’article vise à faire valoir la pertinence du parcours auquel Luc provoque son lecteur et l’aide qu’il lui apporte, dans la manière de conduire son récit, pour qu’à partir de sa situation Théophile mesure peu à peu combien son accès au salut réalise ce vers quoi tendait l’espérance des Écritures, accomplie en ce Jésus qu’il a commencé à découvrir.
Articuler l’histoire en exégèse et dogmatique
Authors: MacDonald Don H.
Published: April 2015

À cause de l’apport de la critique biblique moderne, les christologues ne peuvent plus faire abstraction de la vie historique de Jésus. Pour comprendre la personne et la mission du Christ, il leur faut essayer de saisir l’impression qu’a faite Jésus sur ses disciples durant son ministère et de suivre leur itinéraire jusqu’à l’émergence post-pascale de leur foi. La fusion paradoxale de l’autorité/puissance et de l’obéissance/faiblesse au cours du ministère de Jésus est « résolue » à travers leur expérience de sa mort et de sa résurrection. La foi des disciples naît quand ils voient que ce qu’ils avaient perçu précédemment comme des oppositions irréconciliables sont en réalité des dimensions complémentaires de l’amour divin révélé et communiqué en Jésus-Christ.
La révélation chrétienne suscite la philosophie : l’ontodologie de Claude Bruaire
Authors: Favraux Paul
Published: April 2015

La révélation chrétienne a toujours suscité la philosophie : en leur temps, la philosophie de l’acte d’être selon saint Thomas, celle de la créature inachevée et parfaite par Dieu selon Blondel ; plus récemment celle de Claude Bruaire. La méditation du Dieu-Trinité suscite chez cet auteur une métaphysique spéculative qui renouvelle la conception de la vie intime de Dieu et remodèle ses attributs d’infini, de créateur, d’éternel, ainsi qu’une ontologie de l’être humain comme être d’esprit et de don. Nouveau perfectionnement de la philosophia perennis .
Le cadre de l'émancipation
Authors: Mazouz Sarah
Published: April 2015

La mission locale est une structure publique d’accompagnement à l’emploi pour des personnes âgées de 16 à 25 ans déscolarisées et sans emploi. En jouant le rôle d’intermédiaire entre, d’une part, le monde du travail et le marché de l’emploi et, d’autre part, une catégorie difficilement employable de la population, les missions locales déploient une forme d’encadrement spécifique. Cet accompagnement vise non seulement à rendre les personnes suivies conformes aux attentes des éventuels patrons, mais aussi plus largement à obtenir une forme de normalisation fondée principalement sur l’ajustement des espérances et des chances d’insertion professionnelle. Néanmoins, la pédagogie contrainte qu’offre la mission locale vise aussi à améliorer la vie de ceux qui y sont inscrits. Le travail des conseillers contrôle et discipline les individus, mais il s’exerce aussi sur eux pour façonner des capacités et des dispositions nouvelles qui en feront des adultes accomplis et acceptés. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée en 2011 et 2012 dans une mission locale de la région parisienne, cet article interroge la pédagogie des conseillers et les contraintes qu’elle impose pour mettre en lumière les formes d’émancipation qu’elles sont susceptibles de produire aussi. Il met en relation les processus d’assujettissement, les attitudes que ces derniers visent à produire et les possibilités de réappropriation qu’ils offrent en replaçant cela dans le contexte général des évolutions à la fois normatives et budgétaires qui touchent ce dispositif d’accompagnement à l’emploi.
L’ethnographie pour la recherche infirmière, une méthode judicieuse pour mieux comprendre les comportements humains dans leur contexte
Authors: Bourbonnais Anne
Published: April 2015

La compréhension des comportements humains est au cœur de la discipline infirmière. Le développement de connaissances sur ces comportements est primordial pour guider la pratique infirmière, tant dans le domaine clinique, que pour la formation en soins infirmiers ou la gestion des soins infirmiers. Dans ce contexte, l’ethnographie est souvent méconnue comme méthode de recherche visant à mieux comprendre les comportements dans leur environnement socioculturel. Cet article a pour but de présenter les principes qui guident cette méthode qualitative et son application pour la recherche infirmière. Dans un premier temps, la méthode ethnographique et certaines de ses variantes seront décrites. Le déroulement d’une étude ethnographique sera par la suite exposé. Finalement, des exemples d’études ethnographiques en science infirmière seront présentés. Cet article offre des bases pour l’élaboration de protocoles de recherche utilisant l’ethnographie pour l’avancement des connaissances infirmières, de même que pour une meilleure utilisation des résultats issus d’études ethnographiques pour améliorer les pratiques de soins.
Déterminants des pratiques collaboratives en milieu scolaire dans la promotion d’une saine alimentation et de l’activité physique et rôle de l’infirmière dans ces pratiques
Authors: Bouchard Marie-Claude , Gallagher Frances , St-Cyr Tribble Denise
Published: April 2015

Contexte : chez les 12 à 17 ans, le taux d’embonpoint et d’obésité a plus que doublé au cours des 25 dernières années. Peu d’écrits documentent les pratiques collaboratives dans les activités de promotion d’une saine alimentation et de l’activité physique en milieu scolaire, alors que la collaboration constitue un élément clé de la promotion de la santé. Objectifs : décrire les déterminants qui influencent les pratiques collaboratives en milieu scolaire secondaire. Préciser le rôle de l’infirmière scolaire dans ces pratiques. Méthode : une étude de cas multiples descriptive a été réalisée dans trois écoles secondaires du Québec. Un groupe de discussion, des entrevues individuelles (21), l’observation (5) et l’examen de documents (3) ont été effectués. L’analyse qualitative a été réalisée par plus d’une chercheuse. Résultats : les déterminants des pratiques collaboratives se rapportent à l’individu, à l’équipe et à l’organisation. Le temps, nécessaire à l’appropriation du rôle, est un déterminant qui influence la contribution de l’infirmière scolaire nouvellement en poste dans les pratiques collaboratives en milieu scolaire. Conclusion : la connaissance des déterminants influençant les pratiques collaboratives ouvre la voie à la mise en œuvre de conditions favorables à l’implication de plusieurs acteurs dans la promotion de la santé des jeunes.
Pattern of antimicrobial usage in livestock animals in south-western Nigeria: The need for alternative plans
Authors: Adesokan Hezekiah K. , Akanbi IfeOluwapo O. , Akanbi Ibikunle M. , Obaweda Ruth A.
Published: April 2015

Resistance to antibiotics has continued to increase, placing future animal and human disease management in real danger. The developing countries characterised by widespread indiscriminate antibiotic use and in which ‘third-generation’ antibiotics are not readily available or affordable are the worst affected. A 3-year (2010–2012) retrospective survey of antibiotic usage in livestock production in three selected states of south-western Nigeria was conducted. Data obtained from eight purposively selected licensed veterinary pharmaceutical sales establishments in the area, based on keeping detailed sales records for the study period, were analysed using Stata Version 12. Results showed that tetracyclines (33.6%), fluoroquinolones (26.5%) and beta-lactams/aminoglycosides (20.4%) constituted the majority of the antibiotics used over the 3 years. The differences in the quantities of antibiotic types used within each antimicrobial class were statistically significant for tetracyclines (F = 59.87; p < 0.0001) and fluoroquinolones (F = 43.97; p < 0.0001) but not for beta-lactams/aminoglycosides (F = 3.21; p = 0.148). Furthermore, antibiotic consumption increased by 40.4% between 2010 and 2012. Although statistically insignificant (F = 0.277; p = 0.762), the increasing trend across the years was at rates of 23.5% between 2010 and 2011 and 13.8% between 2011 and 2012. In addition, the findings show a significantly higher consumption rate (t = 15.21; df = 5; p < 0.0001) during the rainy (52.5%) than the dry (47.5%) seasons. The current increasing trend in antibiotic usage holds a serious danger for the future and therefore calls for alternative plans to safeguard future livestock production, food security and human health. This becomes more imperative considering emerging resistance against tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, the foremost remedies for livestock diseases in most developing countries.
A review on the effect of macrocyclic lactones on dung-dwelling insects: Toxicity of macrocyclic lactones to dung beetles
Authors: Jacobs Carmen T. , Scholtz Clarke H.
Published: April 2015

Avermectins and milbemycins are commonly used in agro-ecosystems for the control of parasites in domestic livestock. As integral members of agro-ecosystems with importance in maintaining pasture health through dung burial behaviour, dung beetles are an excellent nontarget bio-indicator taxon for examining potential detrimental effects of pesticide application. The current review focuses on the relative toxicity of four different anthelmintics (ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin and moxidectin) in dung residues using dung beetles as a bioindicator species. One of the implications of this review is that there could be an effect that extends to the entire natural assemblage of insects inhabiting and feeding on the dung of cattle treated with avermectin or milbemycin products. Over time, reduced reproductive rate would result in decreased dung beetle populations and ultimately, a decrease in the rate of dung degradation and dung burial.
Utility of arteriovenous loops before free tissue transfer for post-traumatic leg defects
Authors: Mambally Sheeja Rajan Thekkayil , Santha Krishnakumar Krishnan
Published: April 2015

Crush injuries of severe magnitude involving lower limbs require complex bone and soft tissue reconstructions in the form of microvascular free tissue transfers. However, satisfactory recipient vessels are often unavailable in the leg due to their vulnerability to trauma and post traumatic vessel disease (PTVD), which extends well beyond the site of original injury. In such situations, healthy recipient vessels for free flap anastomosis can be made available by constructing temporary arteriovenous loops with saphenous vein grafts, anastomosed to corresponding free flap vessels. Our study included 7 patients with severe crush injuries of leg due to rail and road traffic accidents. Long and short saphenous vein grafts were anastomosed to Femoral artery in the subsartorial canal in 2 cases and to large muscular branches and accompanying veins in rest of the cases. Free flap transfers were performed in the same sitting in 6 cases. One case showed insufficient dilatation of the vein loop and hence free flap transfer was staged. Free Latissimus dorsi, Gracilis and Rectus abdominis flaps were performed. There were two cases of flap necrosis - one in the case of a pathologic vein graft with staged flap transfer which showed vein thrombosis on re exploration. The other case of flap failure was caused by a hematoma underneath the flap. In another patient, secondary haemorrhage occurred on day 18, without any consequence to the flap. All the other cases had complete free flap survival. We consider the use of single stage arteriovenous loops, a valuable tool to increase the applications of free flap, whenever healthy recipient vessels are not available in the periphery of the trauma.
A novel and innovative technique of using a disposable syringe and mesh for harvesting fat for structural fat grafting
Authors: Ashok B. C. , Nagaraj Pradeep Kumar , Ananteshwar Y. N. , Srikanth V.
Published: April 2015

Background: Successful restoration of structure and function using autologous free fat grafts has remained elusive. Review of literature shows that various harvesting and preparation techniques have been suggested. The goal of these techniques is to obtain greater adipocyte cell survival and consequently more reliable clinical results. Materials and Methods: In our technique, a piece of mesh is kept at one end of the lipoaspiration syringe, which is then connected to the Suction pump. As one syringe fills, it is replaced by another one until the required amount of fat is obtained. Results: By using a polypropylene mesh in our technique, we can separate the transfusate from the harvested fat graft during harvesting itself. The fat graft thus obtained is dense and concentrated, with fewer impurities. Conclusion: Hence, we recommend our technique as a reliable method for extracting sterile emulsified fat in an economical way.
Applied Kinesiology: An Unexplored Path in Dentistry
Authors: Nadgere Jyoti , Singh Divya Anilkumar
Published: April 2015

There are many forms of alternative medicines for treatment of any type of ailment, applied kinesiology being one of them. It is a scientific technique in which claims to diagnose illness or choose treatment by testing muscles for strength and weakness. A widespread use of applied kinesiology in dentistry has resulted in a complete reevaluation and understanding of patient's overall health and well-being. Concepts of structural integration, selection of materials for restoration, adjunctive therapies, equipments used for joint vibration analysis, have been described in this article. Review of literature has shown positive response by many dentists for this natural type of medicine. This article presents a review in which applied kinesiology and its uses in dentistry are reviewed and analyzed.

How to cite this article

Singh DA, Ram SM, Shah N, Nadgere J. Applied Kinesiology: An Unexplored Path in Dentistry. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):22-26.
Unicystic Ameloblastoma
Authors: Poonja Kartik Sadashiv , Galinde Jyotsna Shekhar , Dave Prachi Mukesh
Published: April 2015

The term ameloblastoma was first coined by Churchill in 1934. Robinson and Martinez in 1977 described ameloblastoma as being a tumor that is usually unicentric, nonfunctional, intermittent in growth, anatomically benign and clinically persistent. WHO in 2005 classified ameloblastoma as a benign tumor with odontogenic epithelium with mature fibrous stroma without odontogenic ectomesenchyme. International classification of diseases numbers ameloblastoma as ICD-O 9310/0. Shafers classified it as a being odontogenic tumor presently thought to be as a result of alterations or mutations in the genetic material of cells that embryologically preprogramed for tooth development. It has six histologic variants of which unicystic ameloblastoma is a distinct clinical variety. This article is a report of one such case.

How to cite this article

Dave PM, Galinde JS, Poonja KS. Unicystic Ameloblastoma. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):40-42
The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the Greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030
Authors: Matthias V. , Aulinger A. , Backes A. , Bieser J. , Geyer B. , Quante M. , Zeretzke M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Scenarios for future shipping emissions in the North Sea have been developed in the framework of the Clean North Sea Shipping project. The effects of changing NOx and SO2 emissions were invesigated with the chemistry transport model CMAQ for the year 2030 in the North Sea area. It has been found that, compared to today, the contribution of shipping to the NO2 and O3 concentrations will increase due to the expected enhanced traffic by more than 20 and 5%, respectively, by 2030 if no regulation for further emission reductions will be implemented in the North Sea area. PM2.5 will decrease slightly because the sulphur contents in ship fuels will be reduced as international regulations foresee. The effects differ largely between regions, seasons and date of the implementation of stricter regulations for NOx emissions from new built ships.
Storm type effects on super Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of intense rainstorm properties with air temperature
Authors: Molnar P. , Fatichi S. , Gaál L. , Szolgay J. , Burlando P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Extreme precipitation is thought to increase with warming at rates similar to or greater than the water vapour holding capacity of the air at ~ 7% °C−1, the so-called Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate. We present an empirical study of the variability in the rates of increase in precipitation intensity with air temperature using 30 years of 10 min and 1 h data from 59 stations in Switzerland. The analysis is conducted on storm events rather than fixed interval data, and divided into storm type subsets based on the presence of lightning which is expected to indicate convection. The average rates of increase in extremes (95th percentile) of mean event intensity computed from 10 min data are 6.5% °C−1 (no-lightning events), 8.9% °C−1 (lightning events) and 10.7% °C−1 (all events combined). For peak 10 min intensities during an event the rates are 6.9% °C−1 (no-lightning events), 9.3% °C−1 (lightning events) and 13.0% °C−1 (all events combined). Mixing of the two storm types exaggerates the relations to air temperature. Doubled CC rates reported by other studies are an exception in our data set, even in convective rain. The large spatial variability in scaling rates across Switzerland suggests that both local (orographic) and regional effects limit moisture supply and availability in Alpine environments, especially in mountain valleys. The estimated number of convective events has increased across Switzerland in the last 30 years, with 30% of the stations showing statistically significant changes. The changes in intense convective storms with higher temperatures may be relevant for hydrological risk connected with those events in the future.
"All I Depend on Is the Lord": Healing Words and Silence in Cajun Traitement
Authors: Gravot Dana David
Published: April 2015

Rooted in Acadian French history and drawing on Native American and Creole cultures, traiteurs, or treaters, practice a form of healing that is based on verbal interaction, including knowledge of prayers. This article examines the verbal protocols of traitement or healing prayers, which structure the exchange of words in prayer form for illness, restoring an individual to a healthy state through initiating a material exchange. The understanding that one must ask to receive--that no thank-you is required--is the potentiality in the silence following traitement. Traiteurs use treatments to connect with the area’s past history of small farming communities, or voisinages, through a sophisticated display of reciprocity, and to articulate their relationship to a local notion of community. This pattern is an indication of a cultural level of addressing illness previously overlooked in French Louisiana.
Notes on Operations: Visual Representation of Academic Communities through Viewshare
Authors: Ilik Violeta
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses how the Viewshare web application was used to generate and customize unique, dynamic views of data about faculty members in a large public university, specifically their areas of research and other data such as PhD granting institutions, location of the PhD granting institutions, Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) authority records, and gender. Viewshare, as a visualization platform, enabled the author to discover the departments’ strengths and consider how the results could be used to benefit the library, students, and specific departments. Viewshare also enabled the author to show patterns and trends with graphics instead of volumes of text.
La adquisición de los libros electrónicos en las bibliotecas de los centros de enseñanza superior de Suecia.
Authors: Martínez Méndez Franciso Javier
Published: April 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es comparar las ventajas y problemas de la adquisición de libros electrónicos identificados en la literatura de investigación a los experimentados por dos bibliotecas universitarias suecas. Como método de trabajo se utilizó una revisión de la literatura para identificar los principales problemas relacionados con la adquisición de los libros electrónicos en las bibliotecas universitarias. Los datos para la comparación se recogieron a través de estudios de caso en dos universidades suecas. Se utilizaron y analizaron documentos, entrevistas y experiencias personales en la recolección de datos. Entre los resultados destaca que los principales impulsores de la adquisición de libros electrónicos de las bibliotecas universitarias suecas son las necesidades percibidas en los usuarios. Los libros electrónicos son considerados como potencialmente útiles para resolver algunos de los problemas de servicio de la biblioteca. Un considerable número de desafíos y problemas identificados en los estudios de casos coinciden con los que se derivan de la revisión de la literatura. Los problemas de la adquisición de libros electrónicos en las bibliotecas universitarias parecen ser comunes entre los países occidentales económicamente fuertes. Los bibliotecarios universitarios ven ciertas ventajas en los libros electrónicos para sus usuarios y las bibliotecas. Los editores y bibliotecarios académicos esperan que los libros electrónicos no pierdan las ventajas que ofrecen los libros impresos. Los editores limitan el uso de los libros electrónicos para asegurarse los ingresos como en el caso de la venta de copias individuales impresas. Los bibliotecarios tratan de recuperar el mismo nivel de control sobre las colecciones de libros electrónicos del que disponían en los materiales impresos.
Reflexiones acerca de un estudio sobre las estancias auxiliares en la arquitectura barroca catedralicia.
Authors: del Baño Martínez Francisca
Published: April 2015

Aquí se recogen algunas de la reflexiones acerca del un trabajo de investigación dedicado al análisis de los espacios de la catedral que no corresponden propiamente a la zona del templo, pero que han desarrollado una función imprescindible en el conjunto catedralicio, tanto en lo que se refiere a los aspectos litúrgicos, como a los de tipo institucional. Se trata de un estudio en el que los principales ámbitos objeto de interés han sido las sacristías, salas capitulares, archivos, bibliotecas, claustros y contadurías. A partir de su análisis se ha pretendido indagar en el mecanismo interno de una catedral en la época mencionada, reflexionando sobre las cualidades y características de estos espacios, ya que eran los que estaban destinados a favorecer su funcionamiento.

The present work has been devoted to the analysis of the additional rooms which together with the temple constitute a cathedral. These rooms have had an essential function not only in relation to the liturgy but also in relation to institutional aspects. Thus, sacristies, chapter rooms, archives, libraries, cloisters and accountant offices have been the main subjects of this work. Thanks to their study, the internal mechanism of cathedrals during that particular time has been investigated; we have reflected on the qualities and characteristics of these rooms since they were aimed at favouring their functioning.