bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving bleeding disorder treatment log adherence: An application of the information‐motivation‐behavioral skills model
Authors: Littner Lisa , Thomas Evan , Doyle Julie , Hendrickson Julie , Adkins Susan , Mooney Laura , Tarango Cristina
Published: November 2022

Introduction

For people with severe bleeding disorders (PwBD) who are prescribed home treatment, treatment logs are an important part of the management of their care. Treatment logs provide a clinical picture of the home treatment regimen and can serve as a communication tool between the medical team and the person with a bleeding disorder. Most importantly, treatment logs allow for the adjustment of the treatment dose and frequency to prevent bleeding episodes. Yet, a large number of PwBD do not complete treatment logs.

Aims

We aimed to develop and implement interventions to increase adherence rates of treatment log completion in PwBD on a home treatment regimen by at least 20% over 2 years.

Methods

We conducted a quality improvement initiative from 2019–2022 involving developing and implementing interventions that were guided by the application of the Information‐Motivation‐Behavioural Skills Model. Examples of interventions included: the development of educational materials on the different methods of log completion and interactive discussions that involved a patient‐driven decision of selecting a treatment log method. Data on the implementation of the theoretically‐based interventions as well as outcome data on the success of treatment log completion was reviewed monthly.

Results

Following the application of the Information‐Motivation‐Behavioural Skills Model on the designed and implemented interventions, there was a 20% increase in individuals’ adherence with treatment logs completion (N = 68).

Conclusion

Treatment logs are an important piece of a PwBDs’ prescribed home treatment regimen. Quality improvement interventions promoted increased treatment log adherence for PwBDs'prescribed prophylactic home treatment.
Recurrent RET fusions in fibrosarcoma‐like neoplasms in adult viscera: expanding the clinicopathological and genetic spectrum
Authors: Zhao Ming , Yin Xiaona , He Huiying , Xia Qiuyuan , Ru Guoqing
Published: November 2022

Aims

RET‐fused mesenchymal neoplasms mostly affect the soft tissue of paediatric patients. Given their responsiveness to selective RET inhibitors, it remains critical to identify those extraordinary cases occurring in the visceral organs of adults. In this study, we report three RET‐rearranged spindle‐cell tumours occurring in the visceral organs of adults.

Methods and Results

Clinicopathological features were assessed and partner agnostic targeted next‐generation sequencing on clinically validated platforms were performed. The patients were 18, 53, and 55 years old and included one male and two females. The tumours were located in the kidney (case 1), small intestine (case 2), and ureter (case 3), with maximum diameters of 14, 5, and 1 cm, respectively. Histologically, all tumours displayed a morphological spectrum typical of fibrosarcoma, including moderately to highly cellular, nonpleomorphic, ovoid to spindle‐shaped cells arranged in long fascicles or haphazardly within collagenised to myxohyaline stroma. Foci of irregular alveolar oedema‐like structures and areas with microcystic and reticular arrangements were identified in the renal tumour. Staghorn‐type vessels and foci of band‐like stromal hyalinisation were observed in the small intestine tumour. Cases 1 and 2 were high‐grade and pursed a highly aggressive clinical course, while case 3 was of intermediate grade with no tumour recurrence or metastasis 14 years after surgery. All three tumours expressed CD34, which was coexpressed with S100 protein in cases 2 and 3. Molecular genetic testing revealed PRKAR1A::RET, KIF5B::RET, and SPECC1L::RET in‐frame gene fusions.

Conclusion

Our study expands the clinicopathological and genetic spectrum of mesenchymal neoplasms associated with RET fusions.
Thick description and systems thinking: Reiterating the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to mental health
Authors: Fanali Annibale , Giorgi Franco , Tramonti Francesco
Published: November 2022

Study Aims

The article aims at reiterating the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to mental health, taking stock of the critiques that have been raised and moving forward throughout a reconsideration of the theoretical background of systems thinking and emphasizing the relevance of the concept of thick description for the promotion of an adequate reflection on methodology and case formulation.

Literature Review

It is our opinion that the biopsychosocial approach is still a powerful framework for making sense of the growing data collected in the different fields related to mental health and for designing proper treatment plans. A crucial challenge for mental health is that of surpassing the dichotomies and ideological disputes that still contaminate the field with detrimental effects on the advancement of knowledge and on the integration and continuity of different kind of interventions.

Conclusions

The time is ripe for building bridges among neuroscience, humanities and social sciences, and this can only happen within the umbrella of a biopsychosocial perspective reinstated into its systems thinking background.
Botulinum toxin for cosmetic treatments in young adults: An evidence‐based review and survey on current practice among aesthetic practitioners
Authors: Michon Alain
Published: November 2022

Background

Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) treatments are popular worldwide. Young adults, less than 41 years of age, are an important cohort of patients seen in practice, and the optimal dosage of BoNTA in this age group remains poorly defined.

Aims and Objective

To determine the optimal dosing of BoNTA across different age‐matched cohorts by reviewing the literature and to evaluate current BoNTA practices among aesthetic practitioners when treating younger versus older adults.

Methods

An evidence‐based literature review was performed to evaluate the current evidence on BoNTA injections for cosmetic indications in millennials (born between 1981 and 1996) and young adults. A cross‐sectional online survey was distributed to aesthetic practitioners to assess their current practice with BoNTA.

Results

There is a paucity of high‐quality research on BoNT in millennials. Our literature review suggests different patterns of practice when treating younger adults. Specifically, our survey revealed that: (1) younger adults are receiving, on average, fewer units of BoNTA at the glabella, forehead, and crow's feet, (2) younger toxin‐naïve patients are also afraid to look frozen or unnatural, and (3) wrinkles prevention was the most common reason for seeking treatment in younger patients.

Conclusion

The literature review supports the efficacy of BoNTA for correcting wrinkles in millennials. Our findings provide further insight into the dosing pattern of cosmetic BoNTA and motivating factors for seeking treatments in young adults. This valuable information will help practitioners with treatment planning when seeing patients from different age cohorts. An individualized approach and a lower dosage of BoNTA in toxin‐naïve younger adults are recommended.
Effect of ritodrine hydrochloride infusion on fetal movement with the use of a fetal movement acceleration measurement recorder (FMAM recorder)
Authors: Yonaga Yuriko , Ryo Eiji , Yatsuki Keita , Kamata Hideo , Ito Akihiko
Published: November 2022

Aim

To investigate the effect of ritodrine hydrochloride infusion on fetal movement.

Method

We gathered 20 pregnant women who received ritodrine hydrochloride infusion as the treated group, and 147 pregnant women who did not as the control group. All women recorded gross fetal movement with the fetal movement acceleration measurement recorder after 28 gestational weeks. The record was divided into epochs of 10 s, and the ratio of movement‐positive epochs to all epochs was calculated as the fetal movement index. Furthermore, the mean duration and the mean number per hour of no‐fetal movement period, where the fetus did not move for 5 min or more, were calculated as the indexes of no‐fetal movement. All indexes were compared between the two groups at 28–31 and 32–35 gestational weeks.

Results

The fetal movement indexes (%) were 17.29 ± 7.46 (mean ± SD) in the control group and 13.65 ± 7.13 in the treated group at 28–31 weeks (p = 0.139). At 32–35 weeks, they were 14.55 ± 6.43 and 18.50 ± 5.33, respectively (p = 0.03). Similarly, the no‐fetal movement indexes (min, times/h) were 15.03 ± 10.99 and 1.61 ± 0.88, and 18.70 ± 15.80 and 1.75 ± 0.96 (p = 0.824, and 0.673) at 28–31 weeks. At 32–35 weeks, they were 18.13 ± 10.88 and 1.95 ± 0.97, and 9.20 ± 5.51 and 1.14 ± 0.71, respectively (p = 0.003, and 0.003).

Conclusion

Ritodrine hydrochloride infusion increased the fetal movement and decreased the no‐fetal movement period at 32–35 weeks.
Periodontal ligament‐associated protein‐1 engages in teeth overeruption and periodontal fiber disorder following occlusal hypofunction
Authors: Chen Yilin , Luo Mengqi , Xie Yaxin , Xing Lu , Han Xianglong , Tian Ye
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective

Teeth overeruption is a problem of clinical significance, but the underlying mechanism how changes in external occlusal force convert to the periodontium remodeling signals has been a largely under explored domain. And recently, periodontal ligament‐associated protein‐1 (PLAP‐1)/asporin was found to play a pivotal role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis. The aim of this study was to explore the function of PLAP‐1 in the periodontally hypofunctional tissue turnover.

Methods

After extracting left maxillary molars in mice, the left and right mandibular molars were distributed into hypofunction group (HG) and control group (CG), respectively. Mice were sacrificed for radiographic, histological, and molecular biological analyses after 1, 4 and 12 weeks. In vitro, dynamic compression was applied using Flexcell FX‐5000 Compression System to simulate intermittent occlusal force. The expression of PLAP1 in loaded and unloaded human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) was compared, and its molecular biological effects were further explored by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PLAP1.

Results

In vivo, fiber disorder in periodontal ligament (PDL), bone apposition at furcation regions, and bone resorption in alveolar bone were illustrated in the HG compared with the CG. In addition, PLAP‐1 positive area decreased significantly in PDL following occlusal unloading. In vitro, the loss of compressive loading relatively downregulated PLAP1 expression, which was essential to promote collagen I but inhibit osterix and osteocalcin expression in hPDLCs.

Conclusions

PLAP‐1 presumably plays a pivotal role in occlusal force‐regulated periodontal homeostasis by facilitating collagen fiber synthesis in hPDLCs and suppressing excessive osteoblast differentiation, further preventing teeth from overeruption. Further evidence in PLAP‐1 conditional knockout mice is needed.
Baseline ALBI score and early variation of serum AFP predicts outcomes in patients with HCC treated by atezolizumab–bevacizumab
Authors: Campani Claudia , Bamba‐Funck Jessica , Campion Bertille , Sidali Sabrina , Blaise Lorraine , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Demory Alix , Sutter Olivier , Larrey Edouard , Evain Manon , Ghannouchi Haroun , Wagner Mathilde , Marra Fabio , Sutton Angela , Allaire Manon , Nault Jean‐Charles
Published: November 2022

Background

The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab (AtezoBev) is the current first‐line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic role of alpha‐foetoprotein (AFP) early response and its combination with albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) in these patients.

Methods

Patients with HCC under AtezoBev with AFP > 20 ng/ml were included in three centres. The optimal threshold of AFP variation after 3 weeks of treatment was identified for overall survival (OS) and radiological response (RR) using RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST and its ability to predict progression‐free survival (PFS) and OS was tested using univariate and multivariate analysis in derivation and validation cohorts.

Results

Seventy‐five patients with AFP values >20 ng/ml were included. Fifty‐eight patients were male with a median age of 63.5 years; 73% had cirrhosis and HCC stage was classified as BCLC B (18.7%) or C (81.3%). In the derivation cohort (n = 38), a decline in AFP ≥ 20% at 3 weeks (AFP early response) was associated with RR using mRECIST criteria (OR: 13.09 95% CI: 1.44–19.34 p = .02), PFS (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19–0.93, p = .03) and OS (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15–0.83, p = .01). AFP early response was confirmed as predictor of RR (p = .02 for mRECIST) and OS (p = .03) in the validation cohort (n= 37). In the whole cohort, the combination of ALBI and AFP early response was significantly associated with OS (p = .046) and PFS (p = .012) with a poor prognosis in patients belonging to the ALBI2‐AFP non‐responders class.

Conclusion

AFP early response at 3 weeks predicts oncological outcomes in HCC patients treated with AtezoBev and combination with ALBI grade refines prognostic discrimination.
Relation of Young Children's Parasympathetic Reactivity During a Learning Task to Their Self‐Regulation and Early Academic Skills
Authors: Clark Caron A. C. , Caddell Kymberly
Published: November 2022

There is growing interest among educational researchers in using heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of children's capacity to regulate their physiological arousal. Links between HRV and young children's self‐regulation have, however, been inconsistent, and there is limited research on children's HRV in learning‐related contexts. HRV was collected from 86 children aged 3.41 to 5.83 years before, during, and after they engaged in a learning interaction with an examiner. Higher HRV during a pre‐learning episode and a larger drop in HRV during the learning interaction were associated with stronger behavioral performance on self‐regulation and early academic skill assessments. Children's capacity to modulate their HRV in response to learning opportunities may be linked to their broader self‐regulation and early academic skill development. Effects varied by episode and gender, underscoring a need for further research to rigorously evaluate the utility and generalizability of HRV in authentic educational settings.
Epistemic deontology and the Revelatory View of responsibility
Authors: Perrine Timothy
Published: November 2022

According toUniversal Epistemic Deontology, all of our doxastic attitudes are open to deontological evaluations of obligation and permissibility. This view thus implies that we are responsible for all of our doxastic attitudes. But many philosophers have puzzled over whether we could be so responsible. This paper explores whether this puzzle can be resolved, and Universal Epistemic Deontology defended, by appealing to a view of responsibility it calls theRevelatory View. On that view, an agent is responsible for something when it reveals the kind of person the agent is. The paper explores four ways of developing the Revelatory View and argues that none of the views ultimately defends Universal Epistemic Deontology.
Occurrence and genotyping of Theileria equi in dogs and associated ticks in Egypt
Authors: Hegab Asmaa A. , Fahmy Magdy M. , Omar Hussein M. , Ghattas Souzan G. , Mahmoud Nisreen E. , Abuowarda Mai
Published: November 2022

Theileriosis is a tick‐borne protozoal disease caused by a piroplasm of the genus Theileria. Hard ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that serve as vectors of Theileria spp. Studies of the presence of theileriosis in Egyptian dogs and associated ticks are scarce. This study was conducted to detect and identify Theileria spp. in dogs and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and to monitor the epidemiological data of this disease. The prevalence rates of Theileria equi infection were 12.02%, 0.73%, 2.93%, and 1.83% by microscopic examination of dog blood, tick hemolymph, tick midgut, and tick salivary smears, respectively. Conversely, the T. equi prevalence in dog blood and associated ticks assessed by PCR was 25.81% and 10.42%, respectively. Epidemiological data about Theileria infection revealed a significant difference in the infection between different seasons and different dog breeds (p value <0.05), whereas host, sex, and age of dogs had no significant effect on the infection. Sequencing of PCR products showed that all PCR positive samples were infected with T. equi. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) described the different stages of Theileria in the midgut and salivary gland of infected ticks. The current study confirmed that T. equi is not specific to equine hosts, and confirmed that dogs are a susceptible host to T. equi.
Artificial intelligence techniques for neuropathological diagnostics and research
Authors: Alzoubi Islam , Bao Guoqing , Zheng Yuqi , Wang Xiuying , Graeber Manuel B.
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) research began in theoretical neurophysiology, and the resulting classical paper on the McCulloch‐Pitts mathematical neuron was written in a psychiatry department almost 80 years ago. However, the application of AI in digital neuropathology is still in its infancy. Rapid progress is now being made, which prompted this article. Human brain diseases represent distinct system states that fall outside the normal spectrum. Many differ not only in functional but also in structural terms, and the morphology of abnormal nervous tissue forms the traditional basis of neuropathological disease classifications. However, only a few countries have the medical specialty of neuropathology, and, given the sheer number of newly developed histological tools that can be applied to the study of brain diseases, a tremendous shortage of qualified hands and eyes at the microscope is obvious. Similarly, in neuroanatomy, human observers no longer have the capacity to process the vast amounts of connectomics data. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that advances in AI technology and, especially, whole‐slide image (WSI) analysis will greatly aid neuropathological practice. In this paper, we discuss machine learning (ML) techniques that are important for understanding WSI analysis, such as traditional ML and deep learning, introduce a recently developed neuropathological AI termed PathoFusion, and present thoughts on some of the challenges that must be overcome before the full potential of AI in digital neuropathology can be realized.
PUB30‐mediated downregulation of the HB24‐SWEET11 module is involved in root growth inhibition under salt stress by attenuating sucrose supply in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yutao , Zhao Huan , Xu Liyuan , Zhang Hantao , Xing Hongjie , Fu Ying , Zhu Lei
Published: November 2022

One of the strategies that plants adopt to cope with an unfavorable environment is to sacrifice their growth for tolerance. Although moderate salt stress can induce root growth inhibition, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process have yet to be elucidated.

Here, we found that overexpression of a zinc finger‐homeodomain family transcription factor, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 (HB24), led to longer primary roots than in the wild‐type in the presence of 125 mM NaCl, whereas this phenotype was reversed for the hb24 loss‐of‐function mutant, indicating a negative impact of HB24 on salt‐induced root growth inhibition. We then found that salt stress triggered the degradation of HB24 via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, as mediated by a plant U‐box type E3 ubiquitin ligase 30 (PUB30) that directly targets HB24.

We verified that HB24 is able to directly bind to the promoters of Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter 11/12 (SWEET11/12) to regulate their expression in roots. Through genetic and biochemical assays, we further demonstrated that the HB24‐SWEET11 module plays a negative role in salt‐induced root growth inhibition.

Therefore, we propose that under salt stress, PUB30 mediates HB24′s degradation, thereby downregulating the expression of SWEET11, resulting in reduced sucrose supply and root growth inhibition.
Correlation analysis of plasma lipid profiles and the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Siyu , Wang Li , Li Huan , Zhang Jiayu , Peng Jianmin , Cheng Bin , Song Ming , Hu Qinchao
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to clarify whether blood lipid profiles are indicators of prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

This retrospective study included 512 T1/2N0M0 HNSCC patients. The correlation between blood lipid profiles and progression‐free survival (PFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) was analyzed by multivariate analysis. The data from TCGA was also analyzed to investigate the expression levels and prognostic values of different lipoprotein receptors essential for specific lipid uptake.

Results

A high level of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) indicated better PFS and DSS, and a low level of apolipoprotein A‐I (Apo A‐I) indicated better PFS, while a high level of apolipoprotein B (Apo B) indicated poorer PFS and DSS. The Apo A‐I receptor gene SCARB1 was upregulated and associated with poor survival in HNSCC patients. Activation of SCARB1 was implicated in a series of tumor‐promoting pathways. There was no significant correlation between the expression of LDL‐C and Apo B‐related receptors and prognosis.

Conclusion

A high level of LDL‐C and a low level of Apo A‐I are protective factors for HNSCC, while a high level of Apo B is a risk factor. The upregulation of SCARB1 may participate in the progression of HNSCC.
Does the Level of Syndesmotic Screw Insertion Affect Clinical Outcome after Ankle Fractures with Syndesmotic Instability?
Authors: Li Jin‐Kun , Yu Yi , Wu Ying‐Hua , Wang Jia , Zeng Xian‐Tie , Zhao Jia‐Guo
Published: November 2022

Objective

Ankle fractures are often combined with syndesmotic instability, requiring reduction and stabilization. However, the optimal level for syndesmotic screw positioning remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different syndesmotic screw insertion levels on postoperative clinical outcomes and determine whether an optimal level exists.

Methods

This retrospective study included data from 43 adult patients with acute closed ankle fractures combined with intraoperative evidence of unstable syndesmotic injuries who underwent open reduction internal fixation from January 1, 2017 to March 1, 2018 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 43 patients were divided into three groups based on the syndesmotic screw placement level: trans‐syndesmotic group: screw level of 2–3 cm; inferior‐syndesmotic group: screw level <2 cm; and supra‐syndesmotic group: screw level >3 cm. Clinical outcomes were measured at the final follow‐up, including the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot score, Olerud–Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), short‐form 36‐item questionnaire (SF‐36), visual analogue scale (VAS) score and restrictions in ankle range of motion (ROM). The relationships between screw placement level and clinical outcomes were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis H‐test and Spearman correlation analysis.

Results

The median follow‐up duration was 15 months (range, 10–22 months). No patients developed fracture nonunion or malunion or experienced hardware failure. The outcome scoring systems showed an overall score for the entire group of 94.91 points for the AOFAS ankle‐hindfoot score, 83.14 for the OMAS, 96.65 for the SF‐36, 1.77 for the VAS, 9.14° for the restrictions in dorsiflexion, and 1.30° for the restrictions in plantarflexion. There were no significant differences among three groups in clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). Neither the AOFAS score nor OMAS had significant correlations with screw insertion level (P = 0.825 and P = 0.585, respectively). No postoperative arthritis or widening of the tibiofibular space was observed at the final follow‐up.

Conclusion

Different syndesmotic screw placement levels appear not to affect the clinical outcomes of ankle fractures with syndesmotic instability. No optimal level was observed in this study. Our findings suggest other clinically acceptable options apart from syndesmotic screw placement 2–3 cm above the ankle.
Induction of polyploids in acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) through colchicine treatment of in vitro derived shoot tip explants
Authors: Bora Lokesh , Vijayakumar Rangasamy Muthusamy , Ganga Mathian , Meenakshi Ganesan Narayanapillai , Sarkar Mangaldeep , Kundu Manoj
Published: November 2022

Polyploid breeding is an effective tool to induce variability in the existing population, specifically in the crops having very narrow genetic base such as acid lime. Hence, an experiment was conducted to induce polyploidy in acid lime through colchicine treatment. Higher frequency of triploids were obtained in 250 μM colchicine treatment (27.27%), whereas combination of 3× (21.42%), 4× (13.33%) and aneuploid (6.67%) were induced at 500 μM colchicine treatment. Measurement of stomatal density and guard cell size of colchiploids revealed that the former one has negative relation with ploidy level and a positive relation was observed between guard cell size and ploidy level. Further, area and size of nuclei also had a positive relation with ploidy level. Hence, stomatal density, guard cell and nuclei size can be used effectively as morphological marker for preliminary polyploid screening. From the experiment, it can be concluded that 500 μM colchicine treatment of in vitro derived shoot tip explants of acid lime is optimum for creating maximum possible variability through polyploidization in the existing acid lime population.
Curettage and sclerotherapy technique: A hybrid approach to superficial lymphatic malformation
Authors: Wang Huaijie , Zhou Jinbang , Lin Weilong , Xie Chong , Yang Weijia , Guo Zhengtuan
Published: November 2022

Objective

To describe the curettage and sclerotherapy technique, a hybrid approach to treatment for superficial lymphatic malformations.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a lymphatic malformation data base was performed. Patients with superficial lymphatic malformation treated by curettage and sclerotherapy technique with bleomycin were included in this study. Safety and efficacy of the curettage and sclerotherapy technique with bleomycin were evaluated.

Results

Between September 2019 and October 2021, 10 consecutive patients (male/female ratio: 4:6; mean age, 10.9 years; range, 3–35 years) presented with superficial lymphatic malformations that were subsequently treated by curettage and sclerotherapy technique with bleomycin. All lesions were located on the trunk and extremities. Each patient received one treatment session and a mean follow‐up of 12 months. We observed minor complications. No postoperative infections occurred in this series. No patient developed skin ulceration or necrosis. Scarring and recurrence occurred in one patient. Complete regression was confirmed for all 10 patients by photographic evaluation.

Conclusion

A curettage and sclerotherapy technique is proposed to treat superficial lymphatic malformation in this study. This technique seems to be safe and highly effective.
The Power to Govern
Authors: Shumener Erica
Published: November 2022

I provide a new account of what it is for the laws of nature to govern the evolution of events. I locate the source of governance in the content of law propositions. As such, I do not appeal to notions of ground, essence, or production to characterize governance. After introducing the account, I use it to outline previously unrecognized varieties of governance. I also specify that laws must govern to have two theoretical virtues: explanatory power as well as a theoretical virtue I callexpansiveness. A theory is expansive, roughly, when it can do more with less.
“Trialectics” of Legal Interpretation
Authors: ČERVINKA LUKÁŠ LEV
Published: November 2022

Law is perceived as a stabilising mechanism in an everchanging world and, as such, is founded on the quest for the one “true” meaning of legal norms as a basis for the rule of law. But I shall suggest that it is futile to seek a fixed meaning of legal norms or the one “true” method for interpreting them. The argument will be built by first considering the “trialectics” between hermeneutics, linguistics, and jurisprudence, and then taking a systematic approach to law itself, to this end drawing inspiration from the work of Ferdinand de Saussure. I shall finally argue for the necessity of a more procedural understanding of the rule of law.
Luteal function in cyclic goats treated with human chorionic gonadotropin administered by intramuscular or intravaginal routes at the time of artificial insemination
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana Nascimento Duarte , Guimarães José Domingos , Rangel Paulo Sérgio Cerqueira , Oliveira Maria Emilia Franco , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi , Bartlewski Pawel Mieczyslaw , Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira
Published: November 2022

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used to improve goats reproductive efficiency. This study aimed to (i) evaluate if hCG administered by the intramuscular (i.m.) or intravaginal (i.vag.) route can be detected by a rapid β‐hCG test in blood plasma samples and (ii) document ovarian effects of hCG administered by both routes at the time of artificial insemination (AI) performed 60 h after oestrus synchronization in goats. Twenty‐two Alpine goats received two i.m. injections of 30 μg of d‐cloprostenol (Prolise®, Tecnopec, São Paulo, Brazil) 7.5 days apart. One day after the onset of oestrus (at the time of AI), the goats were randomly allocated to one of the three groups that received: control (n = 7): 0.3 ml of saline solution intravaginally; hCGi.m. (n = 7): 300 IU of hCG (Vetecor®; Hertape‐Calier, São Paulo, Brazil) i.m. and hCGi.vag. (n = 8): 300 IU of hCG deposited intravaginally. Blood samples were drawn at −1, 3, 6, 9 and 24 h after as well as on days 3, 7, 10, 13, 17 and 21 after hCG treatment/AI. All animals tested negative for hCG (ECO Diagnóstica, Corinto, Brazil) at −1 h, and all control animals tested negative throughout the entire blood collection period. All hCGi.m. animals tested positive from 3 h until D3 post‐AI but only 50% of hCGi.vag. goats tested positive during the present study. In all animals studied, mean circulating P4 concentrations increased (p < .05) from D3 to D7 after AI and then declined (p < .05) from D10 to D17 in control and hCGi.m. groups and from D17 to D21 in the hCGi.vag. group. Total cross‐sectional luteal area (CLA), mean colour Doppler area (DA), DA/CLA, mean high‐velocity Doppler area and HVDA/CLA all declined (p < .05) by D17–D21 in all animals studied. In summary: (i) human chorionic gonadotropin could consistently be detected in blood samples using the rapid β‐hCG test only in the hCGi.m. group; and (ii) there were no significant differences in the mean pregnancy rate, circulating P4 concentrations and various luteal parameters studied among Control, hCGi.m. and hCGi.vag. dose.
The Spatial Mobility Trap? How Urban Contexts Shape the Spatial Mobility of Male Undocumented Youths
Authors: Ruszczyk Stephen P.
Published: November 2022

Some scholars have argued urban autonomy creates inclusive spaces for migrants, while others have argued interiorized border security and discriminatory policing constrain racialized migrants. This article examines the extent to which the urban context represents a spatial mobility trap for urban undocumented youths as they become adults, based on data from longitudinal comparative ethnography with undocumented youths, schools, and civil society actors in Paris and New York City. Public schools, public transportation, policing, and informal labor market practices distinguish the urban regimes of migrant il/legality in the two cities, shaping how such youths move within and outside urban space. These elements may magnify or mitigate legal‐status distinctions between undocumented youths and others. As protections for undocumented minors waned at adulthood, New York City's regime blurred legal‐status distinctions, accelerating intracity mobility for most youths while Paris's approach brightened such distinctions, limiting mobility. These findings contribute a spatial mobility perspective to studies of migrant illegality and an urban sociology perspective to the transition to adulthood.
Regional soil contamination by halogenated organic pollutants attributed to E‐waste recycling, scattered industrialization and urbanization
Authors: Sun Jianqiang , Zhu Haofeng , Li Wangying , Li Shiyuan , Fang Li , Xia Qing , Tao Ninger , Wu Cheng , Zhang Anping
Published: November 2022

Rapid urbanization and industrialization can lead to the accumulation of toxic halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in soil environments, which poses a risk to the wider eco‐environment. In this study, we explored the occurrence and health risks of halogenated organic pollutants by analysing surface soil samples (n = 209) collected from various E‐waste dismantling, industrialized and urban areas, rural areas and remote areas in Zhejiang Province, China. The mean average concentrations (d.w.) and range (min–max) of the HOPs were Dechlorane plus (DP) = 0.14 ng/g (below detection limit (<DL) to 3.60 ng/g); short‐chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) = 111.00 ng/g (<DL to 1736.00 ng/g); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) = 1.20 ng/g (<DL to 15.00 ng/g); and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) = 21.30 ng/g (<0.16–673.00 ng/g). In the different areas sampled, the soil pollution level of HOP was in the order of E‐waste dismantling areas > industrialized and urban areas > rural areas > remote areas. Nevertheless, we observed high detection ratios in rural and remote areas, indicating scattered industrialization led to ubiquitous HOP soil pollution in the region.
Recognition of the novel HLA‐C*07:1002 allele identified in a potential hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Matrosova Alina , Podshivalova Elizaveta , Shagimardanova Elena
Published: November 2022

The novel HLA‐C*07:1002 allele was characterized using next‐generation sequencing technology.
Echocardiographic and radiographic aortic remodeling in cats with confirmed systemic hypertension
Authors: Holland Merrilee , Hofmeister Erik H. , Kupiec Caitlin , Hudson Judith , Fiske Kaitlin
Published: November 2022

Systemic hypertension (SH) in cats may occur secondary to renal disease, hyperthyroidism, or idiopathic causes. Asymmetric dilation of the sinuses of Valsalva has been recognized in people with systemic hypertension as target organ damage (TOD). Aortic knob formation (lateral bowing of the aortic arch to proximal descending aorta on the posteroanterior/anteroposterior radiographic projection) is recognized as TOD in people due to SH. None of these changes have been reported in feline patients. The first objective of this retrospective case‐controlled study was to compare echocardiographic changes in the aorta of 76 cats with systemic hypertension (SH) to those seen in 76 cats with normal blood pressure (NBP). Our second objective was to have blinded reviewers assess heart size and aortic shape and size from available thoracic radiographs of 49/76 cats with SH and 46/76 cats with NBP. A two‐way unpaired t‐test with significance set at alpha = 0.01 was used to evaluate aortic echocardiographic parameters. The mean of the aortic diameter and length of each aortic cusp was significantly larger in cats with SH than in cats with NBP. The aortic cusps were considered altered in size in 62 of 76 cats with SH, 12/62 ≥ with 0.5 mm, and 50/62 ≥ 1.0 mm. No significant difference in the vertebral heart score (VHS) was noted between groups. The aortic knob to lateral margin of the trachea in cats with SH had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95% CI:0.61‐0.87) with best cutoff of 1.12 cm with sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 69%.
ITS1 and cpb genetic polymorphisms in Algerian and Tunisian Leishmania infantum isolates from humans and dogs
Authors: Benikhlef Razika , Chaouch Melek , Abid Meriem Ben , Aoun Karim , Harrat Zoubir , Bouratbine Aida , BenAbderrazak Souha
Published: November 2022

Leishmania (L.) infantum strains, isolated from varying hosts and clinical manifestations (cutaneous, visceral and canine leishmaniasis), were investigated in order to understand the genetic polymorphisms within this species in Algeria and Tunisia. Two DNA‐based typing methods were tested in order to evaluate their effectiveness against Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), widely considered as the reference method for Leishmania parasite typing. On the other hand, MLEE is cumbersome, high‐cost, time consuming and frequently does not detect intra‐species genetic polymorphisms. In this work, we used two molecular target regions to discriminate L. infantum strains, Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the cysteine proteinase B (cpb). The ITS1 region offers good resolution for Leishmania discrimination but does not spotlight intra‐species polymorphisms. In contrast, cpbE and cpbF PCR‐Sequencing demonstrated a certain variability within CL and VL Algerian and Tunisian L. infantum isolates. Following phylogenetic analyses of 44 L. infantum isolates, two main groups were identified, a group with 39 bp deletion in the cpb sequence, composed of cutaneous, visceral and canine isolates from both countries with no significant clinical or geographic distribution; these samples were typed as MON‐1, MON‐24, and MON‐80 zymodemes. A second group which presents a clear clusterization of Tunisian cutaneous strains belonging to the L. infantum MON‐24. This group, with no deletion in the mature domain of the cpb gene sequence, should be further explored with a higher number of samples.
On the Controllability and Observability of Temperature States in Metal Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Wood Nathaniel , Hoelzle David J.
Published: November 2022

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that builds parts in a layer-by-layer fashion out of a bed of metal powder via the selective melting action of a laser or electron beam heat source. Despite its transformational manufacturing capabilities, PBF is currently controlled in the open loop and there is significant demand to apply closed-loop process monitoring and control to the thermal management problem. This paper introduces a controls theoretic analysis of the controllability and observability of temperature states in PBF. The main contributions of the paper are proofs that certain configurations of PBF are classically controllable and observable, but that these configurations are not strongly structurally controllable and observable. These results are complemented by case studies, demonstrating the energy requirement of state estimation under various, industry relevant PBF configurations. These fundamental characterizations of controllability and observability provide a basis for realizing closed-loop PBF temperature estimation.
Study on the Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Cu/Cu41Sn11/Cu Solder Joint During High-Temperature Aging
Authors: Yang Gangli , Li Xiaoyan , Han Xu , Zhang Hu , Wen Linjie , Li Shanshan
Published: November 2022

The paper focused on the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of the full Cu41Sn11 solder joint (Cu/Cu41Sn11/Cu) during isothermal aging at 420 °C. It was motivated by potential applications of Cu–Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) solder joint in third-generation wide bandgap semiconductor devices. Experimental results revealed that the Cu41Sn11 phase was unstable under high-temperature conditions, the full Cu41Sn11 joint transformed into the full α(Cu) joint (Cu/α(Cu)/Cu) joint at 150 h during thermal aging. The formed α(Cu) phase was a Cu solid solution with inhomogeneous Sn atomic concentration, and its crystal structure and orientation were consistent with the original Cu plate. The conversion of the Cu41Sn11 to α(Cu) was accompanied by the formation of voids due to the volume shrinkage effect, predominantly near the middle of the solder joint interface. The α(Cu) solder joint presented a decrease in strength but an increase in strain rate sensitivity index compared to the Cu41Sn11 solder joint. Furthermore, the strain rate sensitivity index of α(Cu) and Cu41Sn11 is lower than that of ordinary Sn solders. After the shear test, the fractures that occurred in Cu41Sn11 grains were brittle, while the fractures in α(Cu) grains were ductile.
Using a Simple Pendulum to Calculate the Distance Between Two Train Stations
Authors: Tham Claire , Yeo Robin , Natarajan Visshal , Zhang Tianqin , Chen Jer-Ming , Krishnaswamy Lakshminarasimhan , Tan Da Yang
Published: November 2022

In this article, we demonstrate the use of a simple pendulum to explore the concepts of kinematics and dynamics. A simple homemade pendulum and a phone-based accelerometer are used to determine, at various points in time, the acceleration of a moving train. The dynamical and kinematics data from the homemade pendulum and the accelerator can then be compared, and this in turn highlights the relationship between dynamical and kinematics quantities. This project is originally part of a coursework requirement assigned to the first four authors for their introductory classical mechanics course at a university in the summer of 2020. Similar ideas have been explored earlier independent of this work, but this work will focus on the detailed description of our approach and using updated technologies as our benchmark. The project is one that can be implemented readily as an activity in high school physics classes.
Additional Experiments with the e/m Apparatus
Authors: Nalence Eugene Edward
Published: November 2022

The measurement of the charge-to-mass ratio, e/m, of the electron is a fundamental part of any study of electricity and magnetism. It is possible to use an apparatus designed to measure e/m for other things, including investigations of electron flow through a near vacuum, measuring a work function, and even exploring some quantum mechanics effects. These investigations can provide students with profound, meaningful research experiences.
Development of Operational Observation Tools for Modeling Spatial Division Patterns
Authors: Oh Woo-Jin , Park Hogul , Paik Seoung-Hey
Published: November 2022

Science is the activity of studying the natural world in various ways to construct theories and models to explain phenomena. Windschitl et al. reported that model-based inquiry includes the connection between observable aspects of the target phenomenon and conjectured underlying causal processes. In addition, they insisted that learners are motivated to create final arguments that explain observations in terms of these underlying processes. Passmore et al. presented a framework for practice in science from the model-based inquiry perspective. The framework focuses on the central role of models in asking questions, recognizing data patterns, constructing explanations, and the criteria for evaluating knowledge claims. The framework emphasizes the need to establish models in scientific inquiry.
Considerations for Inclusive and Equitable Design: The Case of STEP UP Counternarratives in HS Physics
Authors: Sabouri Pooneh , Hazari Zahra , Khatri Raina , Dreyfuss Bree Barnett
Published: November 2022

While physics is often promoted as being for everyone, its cultural narrative, i.e., what physicists do and who they are, has been and continues to be created by a dominant social group. As such, many students who come from marginalized backgrounds in physics are required to fit themselves into its narrow culture that does not reflect who they are and how they see the world. As physics educators, we have unconsciously internalized this narrow physics culture and need resources to help broaden our perceptions. To this end, we suggest some design principles for creating materials that help physics educators reflect on these issues and disrupt inequitable structures in their classrooms. We draw on the STEP UP project to exemplify how these design principles were implemented.
Geometric Optical Experiments Using Water Mixed with Highlighter Ink
Authors: Chen Yu , Kim Hee Ra , Ahn Yu Jin , Kim Jung Bog
Published: November 2022

The laser pointer has been widely used to demonstrate some simple optics phenomena, like reflection, refraction, total reflection, and diffraction. However, the rays of laser light cannot be seen in the air because the scattered light is too weak. Many physics teachers use milk or smoke to visualize rays of laser light in physics labs, but it is hard to demonstrate some experiments, such as diffraction. Recently, Velasco and del Mazo demonstrated an interesting experiment in which four optical phenomena could be visualized by using a rhodamine B solution. However, the color change of the laser beam (532 nm) is not easy to explain for students who have just learned optics. In this study, we developed a simple way of visualizing geometric optical experiments in water mixed with highlighter ink to eliminate the influence of color change. Our material list includes a green highlighter, a large transparent rectangular tank filled with water, a smaller transparent square container, a round acrylic plate, a prism, a concave acrylic plate, a beaker, and a CD grating.
Acoustic propagation and ambient sound on the Chukchi shelf
Authors: Ballard Megan , Sagers Jason D.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a yearlong record of acoustic propagation and ambient sound collected on the Chukchi Shelf collected as part of a set of experiments known as the Canada Basin acoustic propagation experiment (CANAPE) and shallow-water CANAPE which took place from 2016 to 2017. Over the course of the yearlong experiment, the surface conditions transitioned from completely open water to fully ice-covered. The propagation conditions in the deep basin were dominated by a subsurface duct; however, over the slope and shelf, the duct was seen to significantly weaken during the winter and spring. The combination of these surface and subsurface conditions led to changes in the received level of the deep-water tomography sources that exceeded 60 dB. The ambient sound data were analyzed using k-means clustering to quantify the occurrence of six spectral shapes over the yearlong experiment. Each cluster type was associated with a different sound generation process based on the correlations with environmental observations. The cluster observed most frequently was associated with wind-generated sound, and the cluster with the smallest number of observations was attributed to wind effects on frazil ice forming in open leads during the ice-covered season. [Work sponsored by ONR.]
Perception of vibrato rate by professional singing voice teachers
Authors: Glasner Joshua D. , Nix John
Published: November 2022

This study sought to investigate how voice clinicians perceive vibrato rate alterations when presented with controlled, synthesized singing voice samples which vary in vibrato rate and vibrato extent. Thirty-four professional voice teachers completed a twelve-item demographic survey and performed a visual sort and rate task (VSR). For the VSR task, each participant listened to twenty synthesized samples and sorted them from slowest vibrato rate to fastest vibrato rate. This task resulted in distance (i.e. individual perception of vibrato rate) and rank-difference measurements for each sample. Two generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM) and one linear model (LM) were computed. Results for GLMM’s found significant associations between vibrato extent and vibrato rate and both individual perception of vibrato rate and rank-difference. Results for the LM found no significant relationships between demographic information and absolute total ranking error. From the results of this study, it seems that both vibrato extent and vibrato rate influence the perception of vibrato rate for professional voice teachers. Neither age nor teaching experience seemed to relate to the ability to discern vibrato rate accurately.