bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Particle Elemental Analysis of μm-Sized Battery Materials by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Seiffert Svenja B. , Riewald Felix F. , Berk Rafael B.
Published: April 2024

Lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxides (NCMs) represent a preeminent class of cathode active materials for employment in commercially available lithium-ion battery applications. To realize large-scale production of the respective NCM precursors, coprecipitation is often conducted in continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR). However, precursors coming from CSTR processes show broad particle size distributions and undesired compositional differences within and between particles. To quantify this phenomenon, it is necessary to develop analytical tools to access quantitative data on particle composition depending on their size. Here, we demonstrate a novel application of single particle laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to determine particle size-dependent elemental compositions by exemplary investigation of CSTR-based NCM precursors. An enrichment of Ni in larger particles with a concomitant enrichment of Co and Mn in smaller particles was identified. This compositional differences between particles persisted after calcination of the precursors with lithium hydroxide. The observed particle size-dependent concentration differences by spLA-ICP-MS were validated by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.
A Self-Healing Polymer Binder of Silicon-Based Anode with Enhanced Lithium-Ion Transport Performance
Authors: Bai Haomin , Zhou Zhi , Yang Bo , Liu Wentong , Liu Lili , Wen Jianwu
Published: April 2024

A multi-functional binder was designed for silicon-based anode lithium-ion battery to alleviate the huge volume expansion of silicon anode during the process of charging and discharging, and to provide ion transport channels to improve the rate performance of electrodes to meet the needs of rapid charging and discharging. In this study, a binder PAA-TUEG which combined the mechanical properties of PAA, the fast self-healing ability provided by the zigzag hydrogen bond in TUEG, and the ion transport ability provided by the ether-oxygen group was synthesized. The effect of different proportion of TUEG binder on the electrochemical performance of the electrode was further investigated. The synthesized PAA-TUEG5% polymer material exhibits a tensilestrength of 0.8 MPa and a fracture elongation of 397%. The Si@PAA-TUEG5% electrode demonstrates reversible capacities of 3035, 2260, and 1249 mAh g−1 at 0.5, 1, and 2 C (1 C = 3500 mAh g−1), respectively. In extended cycling tests, the remaining capacities after 180 cycles at 0.5 and 1 C are 852 and 793 mAh g−1, respectively. This innovative binder, featuring both self-healing ability and enhanced ion transport through dynamic reversible hydrogen bond and ionic bond, presents a promising design concept for the next generation of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
Transient Mechanism Analysis of Three-Dimensional Zinc-Nickel Single Flow Battery Based on Different Negative Electrode Structures
Authors: Ying Chao , Yao Shouguang , Xia Minjie , Wang Lei , Yao Hongjiang
Published: April 2024

On the basis of the mass, momentum, charge conservation equations, in addition to coupled with the global reaction kinetic equations, a transient three-dimensional mechanistic analytical model of zinc-nickel single flow batteries (ZNBs), which comprehensively takes into account the hydrogen and oxygen evolution side reactions, the polarization distribution, as well as the structural effects of the pole lugs, is developed in this paper. After grid independence validation and experimental verification, the polarization distribution, side-reaction current density, and battery efficiency of ZNBs at high current density and multiple cycles of charging and discharging were comparatively analyzed based on this model with different anode materials of nickel sheet (NS) and porous nickel foam (NF). Subsequently, the effects of changes in negative electrode porous nickel foam thickness and porosity on battery polarization, side-reaction current density and battery efficiency were further investigated. Finally, the performance of the battery under the optimal battery state was studied. The results showed that the NF negative electrode effectively reduced the battery polarization, suppressed the battery side reactions as well as improved the battery efficiency under high current density and multiple cycles of charging and discharging, which improved the efficiency and stability of the battery.
Frequency dependence of human thresholds: both perceptual and vestibuloocular reflex thresholds
Authors: Takeda Takamori , Tajino Junichi , Merfeld Daniel M.
Published: April 2024

We describe for the first time that human VOR thresholds differ from human forced-choice perceptual thresholds, with the difference especially evident at frequencies below 0.5 Hz. We also report that VOR thresholds are relatively constant across frequency for both yaw rotation and yaw tilt. These findings are consistent with the idea that high-pass filtering in cortical pathways impacts cognitive decision-making.
Analyzing Lower Limb Dynamics in Human Gait Using Average Value-Based Technique
Authors: Sunny Sithara Mary , Sivanandan K. S. , Parameswaran Arun P. , Thankachan Baiju , N Shyamasunder Bhat
Published: April 2024

The motivation of this study is to develop effective and economical assistive technologies for people with physical disabilities. The novelty in this manuscript is the application of the average value-based technique to accurately represent the involved biomechanics of the lower limb joints during the human gait cycle. This mathematical formulation of lower limb joints’ biomechanics forms the first objective for modeling and final exoskeleton prototype development. To account for modeling the characteristics of human locomotion, the nth-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients is considered with appropriate modification. The physical characteristics of an individual are represented by the constant coefficients (P0, P1, P2, and P3) of the modified infinite series, which are obtained by processing experimental data collected using an optical technique. The differential terms of the infinite series are replaced by difference terms (δbavg, δ2bavg, and δ3bavg) since the data were captured as a set of digital values. The work presented here is based on the experimental results of individuals suitably categorized according to their physical nature like age and other physical structure. The optically monitored positional values of the lower limb joints of the individual subjects while they are completing the gait cycles are used for getting values of different terms of the model. The data collected through the conduct of experiments are used for finding the values of the terms of the differential equation. The model is effectively validated through experimental results. It was determined that the representation’s accuracy fell within the ±5% acceptable tolerance limit. The model is prepared for healthy as well as disabled persons, through which the disability is quantified. The resulting model can be used to develop assistive devices for people with physical disabilities. This results in the rehabilitation process and thereby helps the reintegration into society, subsequently allowing them to lead a normal life.
Enhancement of Physical Appearance, Skin Permeation, and Odor Reduction Using Liposome of Hydrolyzed Salmon Collagen for Cosmetic Products
Authors: Amnuaikit Thanaporn , Rajagopal Rajeev Shankar , Nilsuwan Krisana , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: April 2024

Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) derived from salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) skin possesses properties that can nourish the skin, and it is one of the active ingredients used in cosmeceutical products for moisturizing the facial skin. However, HC solution gives off a fishy odor and it is gray in color that makes the product unacceptable for cosmetic purposes. This study aimed to use liposome-encapsulated hydrolyzed salmon collagen to improve its physical appearance, skin permeation, and eliminate the fishy odor. Two percent of HC and vitamin B3 (VitB3) were used as active ingredients to incorporate into liposomes. Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and Tween 80 at a suitable weight ratio of 8 : 2 : 1 produced nano-sized vesicles (170.6 ± 0.70 nm) with the highest percentage of entrapment efficiency (95.72 ± 2.00%) of VitB3 and (49.63 ± 1.74%) of HC. Skin permeation and odor detection of the HC-VitB3 liposome were studied using Franz’s diffusion cell and gas chromatography, respectively, and compared with HC-VitB3 solution. Subsequently, facial serums were formulated using HC-VitB3 liposomes and HC-VitB3 solutions, and a product satisfaction test was conducted with 100 volunteers to determine their preferred product. The results of the studies of HC-VitB3 liposome serum showed improved formulation appearance, enhanced skin permeation, and better odor elimination compared to the HC-VitB3 serum. Furthermore, seventy-three volunteers in the product satisfaction test preferred and selected the liposomal serum for its superior scent. From all the experimental results, it could be seen that liposomes can help increase skin penetration, and undesirable odors and colors can be masked by the appropriate lipid bilayer structure of liposomes.
Figure S6 from Impact of Surgery-Induced Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and the NOX2/ROS Axis on Postoperative Survival in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Grauers Wiktorin Hanna , Aydin Ebru , Kiffin Roberta , Vilhav Caroline , Bourghardt Fagman Johan , Kaya Mustafa , Paul Sanchari , Westman Beatrice , Bratlie Svein Olav , Naredi Peter , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Martner Anna
Published: April 2024

Impact of intratumoral expression of myeloid cell and lymphocyte markers on pancreatic cancer survival
Acoustic Effects of Speaker Sex, Speech Sample, and Mandarin Tone on Vowel Production of Poststroke Spastic Dysarthria
Authors: Ge Shengnan , Wan Qin , Wang Yongli , Huang Zhaoming
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Vowel production in dysarthria tends to be centralized, which is affected by many factors. This study examined the acoustic effects of speaker sex, tones, and speech samples (including sustained vowels, syllables, and sentences) and their interactions on vowel production in Mandarin speakers with poststroke spastic dysarthria. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with poststroke spastic dysarthria (18 males, 10 females) and 21 healthy speakers (11 males, 10 females) with no significant difference in sex and age with dysarthria were recruited. They were asked to read sustained vowels /a, i, u/, 12 syllables, and 12 sentences containing three vowels in four tones (bā, bá, bǎ, bà, bī, bí, bǐ, bì, pū, pú, pǔ, pù). Multiple spectral and temporal acoustic metrics were analyzed. Results: Results showed that regardless of the speech samples or tones, vowel production was more centralized in dysarthria than healthy controls, manifested as the decrease in F1 range, F2 range, vowel space area (VSA), and vowel articulation index (VAI). A similar performance was observed for male speakers compared to females, and vowel duration in males was shorter than females. F1 range, F2 range, VSA, VAI, and vowel duration were significantly different across speech samples and tones, decreasing in the order of vowel-syllable-sentence and T3-T2-T1-T4, respectively. Interactions of group, speaker sex, speech sample, and tone were more sensitive in VAI and vowel duration. Conclusion: VAI and vowel duration were recommended as the prior metrics to the assessment of vowel production. Specific influencing factors (speaker sex, speech sample, and tone) of vowel production need to be considered by speech and language pathologists in the assessment and rehabilitation.
Percepção dos dentistas sobre o trabalho em equipe na estratégia saúde da família: estudo exploratório
Authors: Assanti Amanda Araújo dos Santos , Alonso Carolina Maria do Carmo
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate how dentists perceive their integration in family health teams and to elucidate the limits and possibilities of integration of this professional’s work processes. This is a descriptive and exploratory study of qualitative nature that used the semistructured interview as data collection procedure. The subjects of the research were six dentists who worked for at least six months in Family Health Units of a neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis of the interviews was based on the principles of content analysis proposed by Bardin. The result of the interviews’ analysis presented two thematic categories that were used to apprehend the aspects related to the insertion of dentists in the work process of the nuclear teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), which are: isolation of dentists by the ideation of their attachment to the dental chair and the organization of the dentist’s work in the FHS. This study showed that the dentists surveyed think that their work process is related to a model in which the user is still seen in a fragmentary way although the policy guidelines and the proposed models point in the opposite direction.
Effects of a Global
Rab27a
Null Mutation on Murine PVAT and Cardiovascular Function
Authors: Soucy Ashley , Potts Christian , Kaija Abigail , Harrington Anne , McGilvrey Marissa , Sutphin George L. , Korstanje Ron , Tero Benjamin , Seeker Jacob , Pinz Ilka , Vary Calvin , Ryzhova Larisa , Liaw Lucy
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

RAB27A is a member of the RAS oncogene superfamily of GTPases and regulates cell secretory function. It, is expressed within blood vessels and perivascular adipose tissue. We hypothesized that loss of RAB27A would alter cardiovascular function.

METHODS:

Body weight of
Rab27a

ash

mice was measured from 2 to 18 months of age, along with glucose resorption at 6 and 12 months of age and glucose sensitivity at 18 months of age. Body weight and cellular and molecular features of perivascular adipose tissue and aortic tissue were examined in a novel C57BL/6J
Rab27a
null strain. Analyses included morphometric quantification and proteomic analyses. Wire myography measured vasoreactivity, and echocardiography measured cardiac function. Comparisons across ages and genotypes were evaluated via 2-way ANOVA with multiple comparison testing. Significance for myography was determined via 4-parameter nonlinear regression testing.

RESULTS:

Genome-wide association data linked rare human
RAB27A
variants with body mass index and glucose handling. Changes in glucose tolerance were observed in
Rab27a

ash

male mice at 18 months of age. In WT (wild-type) and
Rab27a
null male mice, body weight, adipocyte lipid area, and aortic area increased with age. In female mice, only body weight increased with age, independent of RAB27A presence. Protein signatures from male
Rab27a
null mice suggested greater associations with cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes compared with female tissues. Wire myography results showed
Rab27a
null males exhibited increased vasoconstriction and reduced vasodilation at 8 weeks of age.
Rab27a
null females exhibited increased vasoconstriction and vasodilation at 20 weeks of age. Consistent with these vascular changes, male
Rab27a
null mice experienced age-related cardiomyopathy, with severe differences observed by 21 weeks of age.

CONCLUSIONS:

Global RAB27A loss impacted perivascular adipose tissue and thoracic aorta proteomic signatures, altered vasocontractile responses, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction in mice.
Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Williams Victoria A. , Perreault Luke R. , Yazbeck Charbel T. , Micovic Nicholas A. , Oakes Jessica M. , Bellini Chiara
Published: April 2024

Wildfire smoke (WFS) is a mixture of respirable particulate matter, environmental gases, and other hazardous pollutants that originate from the unplanned burning of arid vegetation during wildfires. The increasing size and frequency of recent wildfires has escalated public and occupational health concerns regarding WFS inhalation, by either individuals living nearby and downstream an active fire or wildland firefighters and other workers that face unavoidable exposure because of their profession. In this review, we first synthesize current evidence from environmental, controlled, and interventional human exposure studies, to highlight positive associations between WFS inhalation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Motivated by these findings, we discuss preventative measures and suggest interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of wildfires. We then review animal and cell exposure studies to call attention on the pathophysiological processes that support the deterioration of cardiovascular tissues and organs in response to WFS inhalation. Acknowledging the challenges of integrating evidence across independent sources, we contextualize laboratory-scale exposure approaches according to the biological processes that they model and offer suggestions for ensuring relevance to the human condition. Noting that wildfires are significant contributors to ambient air pollution, we compare the biological responses triggered by WFS to those of other harmful pollutants. We also review evidence for how WFS inhalation may trigger mechanisms that have been proposed as mediators of adverse cardiovascular effects upon exposure to air pollution. We finally conclude by highlighting research areas that demand further consideration. Overall, we aspire for this work to serve as a catalyst for regulatory initiatives to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of WFS inhalation in the community and alleviate the occupational risk in wildland firefighters.
Understanding the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Effects of Air Pollution in the Context of Cumulative Exposomic Impacts
Authors: Khraishah Haitham , Chen Zhuo , Rajagopalan Sanjay
Published: April 2024

Poor air quality accounts for more than 9 million deaths a year globally according to recent estimates. A large portion of these deaths are attributable to cardiovascular causes, with evidence indicating that air pollution may also play an important role in the genesis of key cardiometabolic risk factors. Air pollution is not experienced in isolation but is part of a complex system, influenced by a host of other external environmental exposures, and interacting with intrinsic biologic factors and susceptibility to ultimately determine cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. Given that the same fossil fuel emission sources that cause climate change also result in air pollution, there is a need for robust approaches that can not only limit climate change but also eliminate air pollution health effects, with an emphasis of protecting the most susceptible but also targeting interventions at the most vulnerable populations. In this review, we summarize the current state of epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence underpinning the association of air pollution with cardiometabolic disease and how complex interactions with other exposures and individual characteristics may modify these associations. We identify gaps in the current literature and suggest emerging approaches for policy makers to holistically approach cardiometabolic health risk and impact assessment.
Moderating Effects of Informal Care on the Relationship Between ADL Limitations and Adverse Outcomes in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Chou Aileen , Beach Scott R. , Lutz Barbara J. , Rodakowski Juleen , Terhorst Lauren , Freburger Janet K.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Stroke survivors with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) have a greater risk of experiencing falls, hospitalizations, or physical function decline. We examined how informal caregiving received in hours per week by stroke survivors moderated the relationship between ADL limitations and adverse outcomes.

METHODS:

In this retrospective cohort, community-dwelling participants were extracted from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011–2020; n=277) and included if they had at least 1 formal or informal caregiver and reported an incident stroke in the prior year. Participants reported the amount of informal caregiving received in the month prior (low [<5.8], moderate [5.8–27.1], and high [27.2–350.4] hours per week) and their number of ADL limitations (ranging from 0 to 7). Participants were surveyed 1 year later to determine the number of adverse outcomes (ie, falls, hospitalizations, and physical function decline) experienced over the year. Poisson regression coefficients were converted to average marginal effects and estimated the moderating effects of informal caregiving hours per week on the relationship between ADL limitations and adverse outcomes.

RESULTS:

Stroke survivors were 69.7% White, 54.5% female, with an average age of 80.5 (SD, 7.6) years and 1.2 adverse outcomes at 2 years after the incident stroke. The relationships between informal caregiving hours and adverse outcomes and between ADL limitations and adverse outcomes were positive. The interaction between informal caregiving hours per week and ADL limitations indicated that those who received the lowest amount of informal caregiving had a rate of 0.12 more adverse outcomes per ADL (average marginal effect, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.005–0.23];
P
=0.041) than those who received the highest amounts.

CONCLUSIONS:

Informal caregiving hours moderated the relationship between ADL limitations and adverse outcomes in this sample of community-based stroke survivors. Higher amounts relative to lower amounts of informal caregiving hours per week may be protective by decreasing the rate of adverse outcomes per ADL limitation.
Gender and Property Relations in Eighteenth-Century Inner Mongolia: Records of Marriage Transactions from Qanggin-Banner (Ordos)
Authors: Heuschert-Laage Dorothea
Published: April 2024

The study is based on a register of changes in household affiliation, which was compiled by local authorities in Inner Mongolia during the Qing dynasty (1636–1911). The records pertain to household divisions, economic compensation in case of divorce and death, and conditions under which divorced or widowed women could (or had to) return to their families of origin. The present article makes the argument that bride-wealth and dowry were both practiced, but the legal dimension of dowry was less prominent than that of bride-wealth. With regard to property relations, gender was intersecting with other factors of social distinction, namely seniority, wealth and status. The complexity of these interactions becomes most apparent when considering the position of widows.
The Relationship between Theological Prolegomena and Imago Dei
Authors: Seals Zachary W.
Published: April 2024

If the content of theology should align with the method of doing theology, then carefully ensuring consistency between prolegomena and the content of dogmatics is essential for the theological task. Yet for many evangelical theologians, scarcity of prolegomenal considerations has led to systemic problems. Here I investigate how the doctrine of the image of God impinges upon our understanding of the nature of theological language, in order to expose a deep yet tacit inconsistency operative within recent evangelical accounts that affirm the univocity of theological predication. In contrast to these works, my claim is that a robust commitment to a comprehensive doctrine of the imago Dei entails an analogical view of human predications about God. In this regard, works in evangelical systematics that simultaneously affirm univocity and a robust doctrine of imago Dei have not sufficiently synthesized the content of their theology with their theological methodology.
Prelapsarian Christological Mediation and the Typology of Adam and Eve in Jerome Zanchi’s De Operibus Dei
Authors: Leslie Andrew M.
Published: April 2024

This article examines the typological patterns that distinguish Jerome Zanchi’s exposition of human creation in his De Operibus Dei intra spatium sex dierum creatis (1591). It argues that Zanchi’s distinctive application of the principle that Christ is the “scope” and “substance” of scripture to the exegesis of the relevant texts in Genesis 1–2 is tied to a conviction that Christ’s mediatorial headship over the church embraces a continuity of operations between the prelapsarian and postlapsarian states. Because of this he believes that the prelapsarian type, or figurative sign, can participate in the antitype, or the spiritual reality the type signifies, without eliding the critical distinction between them, as illustrated in his articulation of the “image of God.”
Touching the Ark or Carrying It?
Authors: Bem Kazimierz
Published: April 2024

The story of the Reformation in the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania has been told primarily through the actions of men who purged churches, settled ministers, expelled Catholic priests, and defended the freedom of worship at the local and national level. This article challenges that androcentric perspective, drawing on synodical acts and surviving church visitations to reexamine the religious praxis of Reformed Churches (Calvinist and Church Brethren) in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It finds that, despite the absence of women in historiography, women were involved in shaping the piety and practices of the Reformed Churches from the beginning. From Katarzyna Ostroróg to Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł women not only participated in the foundation of Protestant churches but also actively challenged patriarchal assumptions.
The phylogeny of the tribe Podonomini (Chironomidae: Podonominae) is clarified by new inclusion of Rheochlus Brundin in molecular analysis
Authors: Siri Augusto , Cranston Peter S. , Marin Viegas Vanesa , Donato Mariano
Published: April 2024

The immature stages of the patagonian podonomine (Diptera: Chironomidae) genus Rheochlus (Diptera: Chironomidae) have been unknown although the adult stage was described over half a century ago. New pupal associations with described adults belonging to two species of Rheochlus allow better understanding of the genus, its diversity and its phylogeny. The pupa of Rheochlus insignis Brundin is the same as an unreared damaged pupal taxon designated Podochlus sp. “Canteras’‘ by Brundin and is described more completely here. Inclusion of R. insignis in a molecular phylogenetic analysis shows it to be sister to two specimens (one a male, the other pharate female) allocated previously to Podochlus but better transferred to Rheochlus. The male morphology is compatible with Rheochlus prolongatus Brundin but we refrain from asserting identity by using ‘cfr.’ prolongatus to indicate the status. Molecular evidence also provides association of the female adult and pupa that are newly described here. We validate Rheochlus as distinguished on pupa and adult, with the type-species Rheochlus insignis from Patagonian Chile and Argentina, Rheochlus prolongatus Brundin from Southern Patagonia Argentina and possibly also from central Patagonia, Rheochlus latisetus Siri & Brodin from Patagonia, and the eastern Australian Rheochlus wirthi Brundin. The latter two species remain known only from their original adult male descriptions. Strengthened support for our concept of Rheochlus as a valid genus, sister group to Podochlus, derives also from an expanded and reanalysed morphological matrix.
Text-Critical Edition of the List of Solomon’s Officials (3 Kgdms 4:8–19)
Authors: Torijano Pablo A. , Trebolle Julio
Published: April 2024

The List of Solomon’s officials (1 Kgs/3 Kgdms 4:8–19) presents many textual problems both in the MT and the LXX texts. It constitutes then a perfect testing ground for the critical edition of 3–4 Kingdoms. This paper intends to revise the Rahlfs’ approach and conclusions, in particular regarding the correspondence εἷς = ‮אֶחָד‬‎ attested differently in the different text forms, and presents a commented preliminary edition of the passage, explaining the critical choices of the editors.
« Qui gagne perd »
Authors: Demoulin Esther
Published: April 2024

Au croisement de la sociologie du couple, des études de genre et de la sociologie de la littérature, cet article propose une définition de la notion de couple littéraire. Entendu comme la rencontre d’impératifs partiellement contradictoires (les impératifs de coopération du couple et de singularisation du champ littéraire), le couple littéraire est une institution singulière qui permet d’approcher de manière inédite les changements de postures de Simone de Beauvoir, des années 1940 aux années 1970.
L’expérience vécue dans La Vieillesse
Authors: Ehrsam Raphaël
Published: April 2024

La question que soulève cet article est celle de savoir si Beauvoir se considérait elle-même comme une phénoménologue lorsqu’elle a écrit La Vieillesse. L’auteur défend l’idée que Beauvoir se considérait davantage comme une philosophe marxiste, du fait qu’à ses yeux, les descriptions phénoménologiques qui parsèment La Vieillesse ne constituent qu’un moment dans un processus de pensée intégratif plus large, qu’il convient plutôt de décrire comme une entreprise de pensée « dialectique ».
The Pastor as Physician of Souls in Gregory of Nazianzus’s Oration 2:16–34
Authors: Seki Yuta
Published: April 2024

Gregory of Nazianzus is known for his role in the Pneumatomachian debates of the fourth century and the resultant Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. He is less well known for his Oration 2, which was simultaneously a personal defense of his initial flight from the pastorate and also a pastoral theology which highlighted the dangers, difficulties, and duties of those called to the ministry. The oration is long, containing 170 sections, and so the focus will be on a smaller portion, highlighting the theme of the pastor as the physician of souls. After dealing with a few preliminary matters—such as the setting for the oration and other introductory issues—the article moves to an analysis of sections 16–34 of Gregory’s Oration 2.
Cursed Be the Name
Authors: Westcott M. C.
Published: April 2024

From the structure of the book to its enigmatic law codes, Leviticus poses a number of interpretive questions for readers. This article aims to tackle a variety of these questions raised by the blasphemer narrative. I will consider especially the relationship between the nature of the crime committed and the legal decision that follows. I further intend to show how the internal concerns of this pericope cohere with the concerns of the H redactor and the passage’s immediate context between chapters 23 and 25. While no doubt a difficult task, coming to an understanding of the blasphemer narrative is vital for grasping the structure and argument of Leviticus. Furthermore, this narrative raises obvious questions concerning the justice of God. Does the punishment of the blasphemer fit the crime? Does this sentencing fit with general notions of justice in the ancient world, or even with the God of Israel’s own legal standards?
Analysis of Charge Transport in Polymer: Non-Fullerene Blend: Evidence for the Absence of Correlated Disorder
Authors: Wang L. G. , Liu Z. H. , Kou Z. P. , Wang L. Z. , Li Y. F. , Zhang L.
Published: April 2024

Recently, rapid development of non-fullerene acceptors has attracted considerable attention to theirs charge transport. In this paper, charge transport and spatial correlations between the site energies in the blend of polymer PBDB-T derivative PM6 and non-fullerene acceptor Y6 are
investigated. From an analysis of the temperature dependence of current density-voltage (J – V ) characteristics of hole-only and electron-only devices based on PM6:Y6 blend, it is found that consistent descriptions with equal quality are obtained using both the improved
extended Gaussian disorder model (IEGDM) and the extended correlated disorder model (ECDM), within which spatial correlations between the transport site energies are absent and are included, respectively. By comparing model parameters with the typical values of organic materials, we view more
realistic intersite distance obtained using the IEGDM compared to the value obtained using the ECDM as an indication that in PM6:Y6 blend correlations between the transport site energies are absent or play a minor role. Furthermore, it is found that energetic disorder is larger for hole than
for electron in PM6:Y6 blend, and electron transport is intrinsically superior to hole transport.
A Rail-to-Rail Operational Amplifier for Transimpedance Optoelectronic Conversion
Authors: Pan Xuan , Wang Yang , Liu Qing
Published: April 2024

The transimpedance conversion circuit is an important part of the fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor, which is used for rare earth fluorescence detection. Transimpedance conversion circuits can benefit from the wide input range, high gain, low input offset voltage, and high
common-mode rejection ratio of rail-to-rail operational amplifiers. In this paper, a constant transconductance rail-to-rail operational amplifier is designed and implemented based on the 0.18 μm CMOS process. According to the simulation results, the transconductance change rate of
the operational amplifier is 4.8%, and its gain is 140 dB. The input offset voltage of this operational amplifier is 0.41 μV. Both the power supply rejection ratio and the common-mode rejection ratio have values above 140 dB, with the common-mode rejection ratio reaching as high
as 165.4 dB. The transimpedance conversion circuit consists of the operational amplifier designed in this paper. The test results show that the operational amplifier has a certain application value in the transimpedance amplification circuit.
Enhancing Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detection: Tailoring ZnO Films Through a Novel Sol–Gel Approach with Ultra-Sonication
Authors: Charpe Sushil , Raut Pranali , Rahangdale Vijay , Shirbhate Praful , Agrawal Rohit , Mahmoud Mohamed H. , Abd El-Salam Nasser M. , Fouad H.
Published: April 2024

In this study, nano-sized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) particles were synthesized using a novel sol–gel process with Zn(NO3)2 solutions, specifically tailored for the development of a highly efficient Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) gas sensing element. The impact
of ultra-sonication on the properties crucial for H2S detection was systematically investigated. The resulting ZnO materials exhibited a well-defined crystalline structure along (100), (002), (101), and (102) planes, confirming the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO.
Significantly, an increase in sonication treatment time led to a reduction in particle size. The gas sensing properties for H2S were meticulously analyzed in relation to the varying sizes of ZnO films. Remarkably, the ZnO film fabricated with a 30-minute ultra-sonication treatment
demonstrated the highest response to H2S gas at 423 K. The ZnO-thick films exhibited notable sensitivity, coupled with rapid reactivity and recovery times upon exposure to H2S gas. Importantly, our findings establish a direct correlation between the sensitivity of the
ZnO sensor and the particle size.
Research on Machinability of Dry Cutting 7075 Aluminum Alloy with TiN Coating Micro-Texture Turning Tool
Authors: Xu Tiantian , Shi Hu , Wang Baizhong , Liu Jinpeng
Published: April 2024

This document suggests a cutting technique for coating the surface of micro-textured structural tools, aiming to tackle the challenges in machining aluminium alloy materials that are hard to machine and simple to soften and stain at elevated temperatures. Initially, considering the
varied conditions of cutting dosage during the process caused by diverse forces, the favored parameters for cutting are; next, creating two distinct phases of the micro-texture for application on the tool’s surface, conducting cutting simulation tests with the previously mentioned ideal
parameters to evaluate these micro-texture structures in enhancing tool efficiency; ultimately, the focus is on the optimal surface coating of the micro-texture tool to examine how the coating material enhances at the tool’s cutting temperature. Studies have shown that the effectiveness
of concave elliptical micro-textured tools in decreasing cutting force and temperature is markedly superior to that of convex elliptical micro-textured tools; experiments revealed that applying a coating to the concave elliptical micro-textured surface of the tool markedly enhances the friction
level of both the cutting tool’s front surface and the workpiece’s cutting layer in dry cutting scenarios, thereby decreasing the cutting temperature and chip damage, markedly enhancing the aluminium alloy material’s ability to heat stain the tool.
Contemporary Outcomes and Patterns of Injury Associated With Parachuting Accidents
Authors: Elsayed Ramsey S. , Pham Avian , Chitibomma Nikilish , Yates Macey , Barrera Kaylene , Atchison Marvin J. , Gorski Titio F.
Published: April 2024

Background

Skydiving is an increasingly popular recreational activity in the United States and worldwide. While it is considered a high-risk sport, the United States Parachute Association reported a fatality of .28 per 100 000 jumps in 2022. Although mortality rates are low, the true rate of survivable injuries is unknown. Injuries requiring hospitalization are not uncommon and may be underreported in the literature. Anticipating these injuries and analyzing short-term outcomes following parachuting accidents would be useful for the development of mitigation strategies and to increase the safety of jumpers.

Methods

A retrospective cohort review of 126 consecutive patients presenting to a Level II Trauma Center after skydiving accidents between 2016 and 2023. Patient baseline characteristics, patterns of injury, surgical procedures, and in-hospital outcomes were reviewed.

Results

A total of 126 patients were included. One hundred and seventeen patients (93%) presented immediately following the accident, 65 (51.6%) were trauma activations, and 14 (11.1%) patients experienced loss of consciousness. Fractures of the lower extremity occurred in 57 (45%), fractures of the spine 48 (38%), upper extremity 13 (10%), pelvis 11 (9%). Of the spinal injuries, 10 injuries occurred in the cervical spine, 16 thoracic, 22 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 3 coccygeal spine. Eleven patients (9%) suffered multilevel spine injuries. Mean injury severity score was 7 (range 0-75). A third of patients required at least 1 surgical procedure (n = 43, 34%). Median length stay was 2 days (IQR 1, 5). Of patients who survived to our trauma center, there were two mortalities, both due to catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage.

Discussion

Although the 30-day mortality rate for patient who presented to our trauma center is low, it can bear significant risks including major injury. The most common injuries were lower extremity and spinal in origin with a third of patients overall requiring at least one operation.
An Empirical Analysis of Race and Political Partisanship Effects on Workplace Mobility Patterns During Lockdown, Reopening, and Endemic COVID-19
Authors: Lamare J. Ryan , Benton Richard A. , Tabarani Patricia Michel
Published: April 2024

The authors investigate how race and political partisanship affected variations in workplace and non-workplace mobility at three COVID-19 phases—lockdown (2020), reopening (2021), and endemic COVID (2022). They theorize that structural racism compelled relatively greater workplace mobility rates in Black communities during lockdown, and reduced Black workplace mobility during reopening and endemic COVID. By contrast, they posit elite-level anti-science skepticism and its amplification resulted in Trump-voting communities experiencing relatively higher workplace and non-workplace mobility rates than non-Trump-voting areas throughout the pandemic. Regressions primarily using county-level Google Mobility Reports data support the hypotheses, conditioning on state-level fixed effects and county-level urbanity, COVID job-type sorting, demographics, and socioeconomics. The county-level results are complemented by outcomes from novel individual-level COVID lockdown survey data, helping connect the proposed individual-level mechanisms to the county-level findings. The authors conclude that work mobility during COVID was racialized and politicized, offering empirical insights into how systematic disadvantages can lead to increased and unequal precarity during periods of acute economic or social crisis.
Us and Them: Foreign Threat and Domestic Polarization
Authors: Schwartz Joshua A. , Tierney Dominic
Published: April 2024

Can foreign threats reduce domestic polarization, and if so, under what conditions? This is an important question for the United States given the severity of internal division and the emergence of China as a potentially unifying external peril. We offer a novel theoretical argument about when external danger will rally Americans based on the nexus between the vividness of foreign danger and bipartisan elite agreement about the threat. We test our theory through a series of pre-registered survey experiments. We find that vivid foreign threats, in isolation, do not reduce domestic polarization and therefore the danger from China alone may not be sufficient to spur domestic unity. However, vivid foreign threats in combination with policymaker agreement about the threat does significantly reduce domestic polarization. This reduction in polarization comes at a cost: increased public willingness to violate use of force norms against China. Overall, our study establishes that foreign peril can reduce domestic polarization under certain circumstances, and demonstrates that elite reactions to foreign threats are highly important in shaping wider domestic effects.
Trends in Suspected Opioid Drug Overdose Events in Emergency Medical Service Encounters in South Carolina, 2019-2022
Authors: Tori Marco , Galardi Christina
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

The number of drug overdoses and drug-related deaths has increased across the United States in recent years. Reports of suspected opioid drug overdoses identified through emergency medical services (EMS) are valuable sources of information for shaping the public health response to drug overdoses. The objective of this study was to describe trends in the number of EMS-reported suspected opioid drug overdose events in South Carolina from 2019 through 2022.

Methods:

We included reports of suspected opioid drug overdoses if they met the definition of nonfatal opioid overdose syndrome in our analysis. We analyzed statewide data reported from EMS agencies to biospatial, Inc, from January 2019 through December 2022 to understand demographic trends for a statewide overdose and response program in South Carolina.

Results:

In 2022, a total of 11 078 suspected opioid drug overdose events, or 216.4 per 100 000 South Carolina residents, were reported by EMS. During the 4-year study period, the number of EMS-reported suspected opioid drug overdoses increased by 82%, with African American people experiencing a 133% increase and White people experiencing a 68% increase. The number of opioid overdoses increased among all age groups during the study period. Approximately 84% of opioid overdoses were reported in urban counties, but rural counties had a higher number of opioid overdose reports per capita than urban counties.

Conclusions:

Monitoring trends in suspected opioid drug overdoses allows decision makers to adjust resources and programs for overdose response and is essential for local coordinated response. Continued monitoring of trends is needed for an equitable response to prevent opioid drug overdoses.
WHO and COVID-19: stress testing the boundary of science and politics
Authors: Davies Sara E , Harman Sophie
Published: April 2024

Specialized agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasize the importance of impartiality and independence to ensure state compliance and buy-in to their institutional mandate. For functionalists, the boundary distinction between scientific expertise and politics is useful for interest-minded states and institutions that want to promote knowledge over politics. In extreme crisis states revert to national interests. The question for specialized agencies is whether to double-down on the boundary between science and politics during a crisis in an attempt to maintain authority. The COVID-19 pandemic tested this functional arrangement in international relations where scientific validity can facilitate the pursuit of global governance. This article explores why, in a time of crisis, WHO leadership maintained that the boundary between science and politics could be upheld, even when others identified politics as affecting impartiality and independence. It does so by exploring the role of governance processes and technical expertise led by the WHO in investigating the origins of COVID-19 pandemic. Doubling down on science as a solution ignored the politics that permeated, especially, the origins investigation in China. We argue that while the temptation to enforce boundary work may be more acute in periods of crisis, attempts to maintain boundaries between politics and science during a crisis undermines the function and reputation of specialized technical agencies. It is more functional to expose the political conditions as compromising scientific independence and impartiality.
Full-state constraints and input backlash–based neural network control of a 2-DOF helicopter system
Authors: Bi Hui , Zou Tao , Wu Lihua
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces an adaptive neural network compensatory control approach designed for a 2-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) helicopter system facing challenges such as input backlash and state constraints. The proposed methodology leverages a radial basis function (RBF) neural network to effectively approximate system uncertainties, mitigating the impact of nonlinear dynamics on control performance. To address the presence of nonlinear input backlash, a compensation technique is introduced to enhance the smoothness of input signals. In addition, for enhanced system safety, a barrier Lyapunov function is integrated to impose restrictions on position and velocity states, resulting in constrained control. Through a rigorous analysis using the Lyapunov direct method, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving bounded stability of the system. The validation of the approach is further established through the presentation of simulation and experimental results, showcasing its effectiveness and feasibility in real-world applications.