bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binary Game Framework of Sports Culture Communication Channels and Health Data Based on Quantum Decentralized Data Integration
Authors: Ma Libo
Published: February 2023

Based on the two core applications of quantum information, this paper analyzes the current consensus channels and health data patterns of sports culture dissemination. First, it expounds the dual structure of the dissemination of sports culture, builds a quantum decentralized data integration center based on blockchain, provides financial support for the construction of college students' sports culture, and provides platform support for health data. Then, a sports culture dissemination and promotion system was constructed, from perfecting and standardizing the sports system, shaping and maintaining a good image, establishing brand awareness, innovating dissemination content and dissemination methods, adhering to people-oriented, and striving for government support. The experimental results proved that based on quantum decentralization The binary game method can effectively increase the scope of sports culture dissemination and improve the analysis of health data.
Correlation of Sleep Quality with Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure among the Healthcare Students in Karnataka: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: . Nisha , Prasad Mahadev , Pavithra US , Babu Dona , . Benazeera , Priya S Padma
Published: February 2023

Introduction: A quality night sleep is essential for physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. The amount of sleep may have an effect on both weight and metabolism. In India, for the last few years, decline in sleep duration has been noted with an average sleep duration of 7 hours per night and one-third sleeping less than 7 hours per night. Televisions and smartphones which came into households as remarkable source of information and entertainment has caused the voluntary sleep restriction. Aim: To evaluate the sleep quality, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure (BP) of the healthcare students and also to find the correlation of sleep quality with BMI and BP. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 healthy males and females healthcare students residing in hostel premises of Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, India from November to December 2021. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires administered to assess the sleep quality by adding the seven components of PSQI score ranging from 0 to 21. A weighing scale, sphygmomanometer, and stadiometer instruments were used to record the weight, BP, and height. Data were computed in International Business Management (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 to analyse descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age in present study was 23±0.72 years and 71 (51.4%) belonged to 22-23 years, majority 112 (81.2%) were female students. In present study, moderately obese students (33.15±0.72) and severely obese (35.39±0.10) had mean sleep score of 6.00±3.46 and 11 respectively indicating poor sleep quality. The underweight (16.91±1.17), normal weight (21.49±2.04) and overweight (26.49±1.48) had mean sleep score of 3.08±1.62, 3.08±1.12 and 4.66±3.05 respectively, which indicated good sleep quality. Students with hypotension, normal BP and hypertension stage-1 showed mean sleep score of 3.52, 2.71 and 4.77 respectively, showing good sleep quality. A statistically significant positive correlation of BMI was found with SBP (r-value 0.273, p-value 0.001) and DBP (r-value 0.181, p-value 0.033). Conclusion: BMI and BP were positively correlated with sleep quality. Therefore, creating awareness among healthcare students on healthy lifestyles such as exercise, healthy sleep and regular health supervision is essential to prevent prehypertension and maintain normal BMI status.
Effect of Water Sprinkling over Tree Canopy on Fruit Cracking, Quality and Yield of Litchi Fruits
Authors: Nirala S. K. , Suresh R.
Published: February 2023

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important subtropical evergreen fruit crop of Sapindaceae family. Fruit cracking is a serious problem in litchi happen during fruit growth and its development. Fruit cracking affect significant loss of economic yield. Fruit cracking in litchi coincides with a period characterized by high day temperature (35-40°C) and low relative humidity (60%). Effect of water sprinkling over tree canopy on fruit cracking, quality and yield of litchi crop was evaluated under four treatments, namely T1 (4 micro-sprinklers per tree), T2 (3 micro-sprinklers per tree), T3 (2 micro-sprinklers per tree), and T4 (without micro sprinkler) as control. Micro-sprinklers were tested for their hydraulic performance. Result revealed that, minimum fruit cracking, i.e. .20.03, 18.49, 13.76 and 4.55% was observed at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 hours of water sprinkling under treatment T1. Highest yield (i.e. 65.27 q/ha) and better quality of fruits were also found in treatment T1. Contrary to this, maximum fruit cracking (30.16%), lowest yield (33.52 q/ha) and satisfactory quality of fruits were found in treatment T4 (control). Linear relationship between discharge and pressure; and exponential relationship between pressure and wetted diameter were found for performance of micro sprinklers.
Threat to the Sustainable Production of Natural Resins: A Case of Rangeeni Strain of Kerria lacca (Kerr) in Eastern Plateau & Hills Region of South East Asia
Authors: Yogi R. K. , Pal Govind , Kumar Alok , Singh A. K. , Kumar Nirmal , Sharma K. K.
Published: February 2023

The study conducted to examine the trends, growth and instability in the production of an insect-based natural resin in India. Study is designed with sampling and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) based primary data as well as secondary data. District-level time-series data of Jharkhand state for 50 years from 1970-71 to 2019-20 was used. Time series analysis revealed the variation in lac production levels in different levels of geo coordinates.  Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) was worked out by fitting the exponential function. The instability indices worked out by using the method suggested by Cuddy and Dell. The growth in lac production and export of lac-based value-added products has decelerated in the post-liberalization period, while yield growth has accelerated. The overall decline in the production level of rangeeni crop ranged from -5.54% in Western Plateau Sub Zone V to -6.98% in South Eastern Plateau Sub Zone VI. Utilization of the existing natural endowment of Butea monosperma in major rangeeni lac-producing districts in Western Plateau Sub Zone V could be a promising strategy to minimize the variation in the production of rangeeni crop. A paradigm shifts from rangeeni lac cultivation during previous decades coupled with climate change issues may be another possible reason for the regional disparity in the level of rangeeni lac production.

The overall scenario in Jharkhand state depicts the alarming situation for katki crop (Rainy season rangeeni crop) having the highest instability index (49.69), particularly with significant negative growth rates from 2000 to 2020. The magnitude of decline for katki crop was found highest and most significant during the 2001-2010 period. Although, the production of rangeeni strain was affected adversely in Jharkhand (-21.60%) during the Ninth Five Year Plan coupled with shifting from rangeeni to kusmi lac cultivation due to boosting through capacity building and skill development programs which influenced the awareness and knowledge level of the stakeholders. However, COVID-19 could break the momentum, and functionaries including the institutions and facilitators shifted to manage the disrupted supply chains during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Post COVID-19 scenario, emerged with new ICT-enabled interventions with greater scope for extension and awareness programs. However, there is a huge technological gap in the existing lac industry with poor automation and dependency on local labor. Policy interventions including market initiatives like Minimum Support Prices (MSP), Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (VDVKs); and Institutional initiatives like FPOs, SHGs, JLGs, etc. may play a key role in strengthening the sector. New host plants like Flemingia semialata may be promoted to reduce instability indices in the long run.
Contribution to the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Heat Transfer Equation Subject to a Boundary Integral Specification
Authors: Mbainguesse Djibet , Abbo Bakari , Pare Youssouf
Published: February 2023

The work presents one dimensional heat transfer in a media with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. We solve numerically the one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation subject to initial condition and integral boundary conditions. We first discertize the equation in time, using the implicite Euler time method. A sequence of nonlinear two-point boundary value problems is obtained. This discretisation reduce the problem to the second spatial derivative of temperature wich is a nonlinear function of the temperature and the temperature gradient. For the implementation of Newton method, we derive expressions for the partial derivative of the nonlinear function. Using higher order parallel splitting finite difference method and the Simpson's composite quadrature method, we solve the the resulting nonlinear systems by the multivariate Newton method. The MATLAB 2013a provides the approximate solution.
Diffusion Weighted MR and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI for Characterization of Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Zaghlol Al-Nabarawy Manar , Abbas Nassar Ibrahim , Aziz Ghannam Amr Abdel , Mohamed El-Ahwal Hanan
Published: February 2023

Background: For comprehensive internal architecture identification of ovarian tumors, DCE-MRI is advised. An imaging technique known as diffusion weighted (DW) assists in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of DCE-MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI in characterizing ovarian cancers and distinguishing malignant from benign tumors.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 40 patients aged from 21 to 63 years old presented by ovarian masses based on clinical examinations and on US study. All patients were subjected to full history taking, laboratory investigations including pregnancy tests, complete blood counts and some tumour markers, pelvi-abdominal ultrasound and MRI.

Results: MRI have a sensitivity of 53.85%, a specificity of 92.59%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 77.78%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 80.65% and accuracy of 80% compared to pathology of the studied patient. DCE has a sensitivity of 67.15%, a specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 79.4% and accuracy of 82.5%. compared to pathology of the studied patient. DWI score at a cut-off point (≤1.1) predicted patients with malignant ovarian tumours, with 97% accuracy, sensitivity of 88.89% and specificity of 100% (p < 0.001). There was a high statistical significance between findings on DWI-MRI, DCE-MRI, and pathological types (P <0.001 for benign versus malignant lesions). Higher magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) was seen with malignant ovarian lesions (MRE < 85% suspected malignancy).

Conclusions: Conventional MR images are the mainstays for assessment of patients with adnexal lesions. The addition of DWI and DCE-MR imaging enhances the specificity of MRI, boosting the radiologist's confidence in picture interpretation and ultimately affecting the patients’ prognosis.
Postoperative circulating tumor DNA can refine risk stratification in resectable lung cancer: results from a multicenter study
Authors: Fu Rui , Huang Jun , Tian Xiaoru , Liang Chaoyang , Xiong Yuanyuan , Zhang Jia‐Tao , Jiang Benyuan , Dong Song , Gong Yuhua , Gao Wei , Li Fang , Shi Yonglei , Liu Zhentian , Gao Xuan , Chen Rongrong , Zhong Wenzhao , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2023

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has potential as a promising biomarker for molecular residual disease (MRD) detection in lung cancer. As the next‐generation sequencing standardized panel for ctDNA detection emerges, its clinical utility needs to be validated. We prospectively recruited 184 resectable lung cancer patients from four medical centers. Serial postoperative ctDNAs were analyzed by a standardized panel. A total of 427 postoperative plasma samples from 177 eligible patients were enrolled. ctDNA positivity after surgery was an independent predictor for disease recurrence and preceded radiological recurrence by a median of 6.6 months (range, 0.7–27.0 months). ctDNA‐positive or ‐negative patients with tumors of any stage had similar disease‐free survival (DFS). Patients who received targeted therapy had significantly improved DFS than those not receiving adjuvant therapy or receiving chemotherapy, regardless of baseline/preadjuvant ctDNA status. According to whether the ctDNA variants were detected in its matched tissue, they were classified into tissue derived and non‐tissue derived. Patients with detectable postoperative ctDNA with tissue‐derived mutations had comparable DFS with those with non‐tissue‐derived mutations. Collectively, we demonstrated that postoperative ctDNA has the potential to stratify prognosis and optimize tumor stage in resectable lung cancer. ctDNA variants not identified in tissue samples should be considered in MRD test.
Nuclear endonuclease G controls cell proliferation in ovarian cancer
Authors: Choi Ye Na , Seo Tae Woong , Lee Yui Taek , Jeong Dar Heum , Yoo Soon Ji
Published: February 2023

Ovarian cancer is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Platinum‐based chemotherapy and some gene‐targeted therapies have shown limited treatment efficacy due to toxicity and recurrence, and thus, it is essential to identify additional therapeutic targets based on an understanding of the pathological mechanism. Here, we report that endonuclease G, which exhibits altered expression in ovarian cancer, does not function as a cell death effector that digests chromosomal DNA in ovarian cancer. Endonuclease G is modulated by intracellular reactive oxygen species dynamics and plays a role in cell proliferation in ovarian cancer, suggesting that targeting endonuclease G alone or in combination with other antitumor agents may have the potential for development into a treatment for endonuclease G‐overexpressing cancers, including ovarian cancer.
Solid Ink Laser Patterning for High‐Resolution Information Labels with Supervised Learning Readout
Authors: Ronneberger Sebastian , Zhang Junfang , Liu Yuxin , Loeffler Felix F.
Published: February 2023

Tagging, tracking, or validation of products are often facilitated by inkjet‐printed optical information labels. However, this requires thorough substrate pretreatment, ink optimization, and often lacks in printing precision/resolution. Herein, a printing method based on laser‐driven deposition of solid polymer ink that allows for printing on various substrates without pretreatment is demonstrated. Since the deposition process has a precision of <1 µm, it can introduce the concept of sub‐positions with overlapping spots. This enables high‐resolution fluorescent labels with comparable spot‐to‐spot distance of down to 15 µm (444,444 spots cm−2) and rapid machine learning‐supported readout based on low‐resolution fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the defined thickness of the printed polymer ink spots can be used to fabricate multi‐channel information labels. Additional information can be stored in different fluorescence channels or in a hidden topography channel of the label that is independent of the fluorescence.
High‐Performance Dual‐Salt Plastic Crystal Electrolyte Enabled by Succinonitrile‐Regulated Porous Polymer Host
Authors: Bao Dequan , Tao Yi , Zhong Yihong , Zhao Wei , Peng Mingfa , Zhang Hao , Sun Xuhui
Published: February 2023

Succinonitrile (SN)‐based plastic crystal electrolytes (PCE) show great promise for solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) because of their outstanding electrochemical properties. However, limited by the low mechanical strength of SN, SN‐based PCEs are difficult to act as an independent self‐supporting electrolyte films, which seriously restricts their practical application. In this study, a SN‐regulated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) porous host is proposed via a facile phase separation method as a promising strategy for addressing this issue, which enables a high‐performance dual‐salt SN‐based PCE (named as DPCE). The as‐prepared host simultaneously provides homogeneous porous network and robust mechanical support, which is convenient to accommodate DPCE evenly and increases the strength of DPCE to restrict dendrites growth. As a result, with this efficient host, the Li symmetric cell assembled with DPCE shows superior long‐term stability for >1200 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. Moreover, the assembled Li|LiFePO4 cell delivers a high‐capacity retention of 99.3% after 700 cycles under 2 C at room temperature, demonstrating the promising potential for developing high‐performance solid‐state LMBs.
Synergetic Excess PbI2 and Reduced Pb Leakage Management Strategy for 24.28% Efficient, Stable and Eco‐Friendly Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Xu Lin , Wu Yanjie , Zhang Huan , Zeng Fancong , Xing Jiahe , Liu Bin , Qi Yu , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Song Hongwei
Published: February 2023

Introducing excess PbI2 has proven to be an effective in situ passivation strategy for enhancing efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the photoinstability and hysteresis are still tough issues owing to the photolysis nature of PbI2. Moreover, the humidity‐related degradation of perovskite films is also a difficult territory to cover in such an in situ passivation strategy. Herein, a synergistic strategy is reported via initiatively inducing vertical graded PbI2 distribution (GPD) in the whole perovskite film and capping a cis‐Ru(H2dcbpy)(dnbpy)(NCS)2 (Z907) internal encapsulation (IE) layer on the surface to ameliorate the above issues. The GPD design can enhance luminescence, prolong carrier lifetimes, ascertaining the improvement of efficiency and elimination of photoinstability in the PSCs. Besides, the introduced IE layer not only can promote the moisture and thermal resistance, but also inhibit Pb leakage and ion migration in the PSCs. Through the synergetic regulations, the resultant PSCs exhibit an impressive open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.253 V, fill factor of 81.25%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.28%. Moreover, the PSCs maintain 91% of its initial PCE at relative humidity of 85% after 500 h aging and 94% under continuous heating at 85 °C after 750 h aging.
Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor Over 86% via Surface Modification of the Nickel Oxide Hole Contact
Authors: Li Chunyan , Zhang Yao , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Peng , Yang Xudong , Chen Han
Published: February 2023

The poor interface quality between nickel oxide (NiOx) and halide perovskites limits the performance and stability of NiOx‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here a reactive surface modification approach based on the in situ decomposition of urea on the NiOx surface is reported. The pyrolysis of urea can reduce the high‐valence state of nickel and replace the adsorbed hydroxyl group with isocyanate. Combining theoretical and experimental analyses, the treated NiOx films present suppressed surface states and improved transport energy level alignment with the halide perovskite absorber. With this strategy, NiOx‐based PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.61% and a fill factor of over 86%. The device's efficiency remains above 90% after 2000 h of thermal aging at 85 °C. Furthermore, perovskite solar modules achieve PCE values of 18.97% and 17.18% for areas of 16 and 196 cm2, respectively.
Fabricating Tunable Superhydrophobic Surfaces Enabled by Surface‐Initiated Emulsion Polymerization in Water
Authors: Gong Lu , Yang Wenshuai , Sun Yongxiang , Zhou Chengliang , Wu Feiyi , Zeng Hongbo
Published: February 2023

Fabricating controllable superhydrophobic surfaces remains challenging in various fields ranging from chemical industries to biomedical engineering. Conventional methods commonly require volatile organic solvents and the assistance of special surface deposition and modification equipment, which are detrimental to environment and limit their applications in micro‐devices. Herein, an equipment‐free method is reported to directly transform fluorinated monomer micro‐droplets into hydrophobic polymer particles on flat substrate surfaces in water, simultaneously depositing hydrophobic coatings with tunable surface structures. The as‐prepared surfaces show superior superhydrophobicity and great stability in extreme conditions (e.g., varying acidity, basicity, and heating conditions), and excellent anti‐fouling property. Meanwhile, surface hydrophobicity can be manipulated by adjusting emulsion droplet number density and reaction time. Hence, superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable hydrophobicity gradients have been successfully fabricated in one pot. This study provides an equipment‐free method to facilely fabricate controllable superhydrophobic surfaces, with great potential in the development of smart superhydrophobic materials in various engineering and industrial applications.
Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Array for Skin‐Surface Electrocardiogram Mapping Above a Human Heart
Authors: Yang Anneng , Song Jiajun , Liu Hong , Zhao Zeyu , Li Li , Yan Feng
Published: February 2023

Electrocardiogram (ECG) mapping can provide vital information in sports training and cardiac disease diagnosis. However, most electronic devices for monitoring ECG signals need to use multiple long wires, which limit their wearability and conformability in practical applications, while wearable ECG mapping based on integrated sensor arrays has been rarely reported. Herein, ultra‐flexible organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) arrays used for wearable ECG mapping on the skin surface above a human heart are presented. QRS complexes of ECG signals at different recording distances and directions relative to the heart are obtained. Furthermore, the ECG signals are successfully analyzed by the devices before and after exercise, indicating potential applications in some sports training and fitness scenarios. The OECT arrays that can conveniently monitor spacial ECG signals in the heart region may find niche applications in wearable electronics and healthcare products in the future.
Versatile Assembly of Metal–Phenolic Network Foams Enabled by Tannin–Cellulose Nanofibers
Authors: Mattos Bruno D. , Zhu Ya , Tardy Blaise L. , Beaumont Marco , Ribeiro Ana Carolina R. , Missio André L. , Otoni Caio G. , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: February 2023

Metal–phenolic network (MPN) foams are prepared using colloidal suspensions of tannin‐containing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) that are ice‐templated and thawed in ethanolic media in the presence of metal nitrates. The MPN facilitates the formation of solid foams by air drying, given the strength and self‐supporting nature of the obtained tannin–cellulose nanohybrid structures. The porous characteristics and (dry and wet) compression strength of the foams are rationalized by the development of secondary, cohesive metal‐phenolic layers combined with a hydrogen bonding network involving the CNF. The shrinkage of the MPN foams is as low as 6% for samples prepared with 2.5–10% tannic acid (or condensed tannin at 2.5%) with respect to CNF content. The strength of the MPN foams reaches a maximum at 10% tannic acid (using Fe(III) ions), equivalent to a compressive strength 70% higher than that produced with tannin‐free CNF foams. Overall, a straightforward framework is introduced to synthesize MPN foams whose physical and mechanical properties are tailored by the presence of tannins as well as the metal ion species that enable the metal–phenolic networking. Depending on the metal ion, the foams are amenable to modification according to the desired application.
Amorphous MoOx with High Oxophilicity Interfaced with PtMo Alloy Nanoparticles Boosts Anti‐CO Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Luo Heng , Wang Kai , Lin Fangxu , Lv Fan , Zhou Jinhui , Zhang Weiyu , Wang Dawei , Zhang Wenshu , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Luo Mingchuan , Guo Shaojun
Published: February 2023

Advancing electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen oxidation/evolution reaction (HOR/HER) is essential for anion exchange membrane‐based devices. The state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐based electrocatalysts for alkaline HOR suffer from low intrinsic activities and severe CO poisoning due to the challenge of simultaneously optimizing surface adsorption toward different adsorbates. Herein, this challenge is overcome by tuning an atomic MoOx layer with high oxophilicity onto PtMo nanoparticles (NPs) with optimized Had, OHad, and COad adsorption for boosting anti‐CO‐poisoning hydrogen‐cycle electrocatalysis in alkaline media. For alkaline HOR, this catalyst exhibits high kinetics and an exchange current density of 3.19 mA µgPt−1 at 50 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode and 0.83 mA cmPt−2, 10.3‐ and 3.8‐fold higher than those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. For alkaline HER, it achieves an unprecedented overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Experimental and theoretical studies show that the orchestrated electronic and oxophilic regulation of the PtMo/MoOx interface NPs simultaneously optimizes Had and OHad adsorption for boosting alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, whereas reactive oxygen from the amorphous MoOx atomic layer lowers the CO oxidation reaction barrier, leading to superior anti‐poisoning ability even at 100 ppm CO.
BN‐Bond‐Embedded Triplet Terpolymers with Small Singlet–Triplet Energy Gaps for Suppressing Non‐Radiative Recombination and Improving Blend Morphology in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Pang Bo , Liao Chentong , Xu Xiaopeng , Peng Shaoqian , Xia Jianlong , Guo Yuanyuan , Xie Yuan , Chen Yuting , Duan Chunhui , Wu Hongbin , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang
Published: February 2023

Suppressing the photon energy loss (Eloss), especially the non‐radiative loss, is of importance to further improve the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, typical π‐conjugated semiconductors possess a large singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST), leading to a lower triplet state than charge transfer state and contributing to a non‐radiative loss channel of the photocurrent by the triplet state. Herein, a series of triplet polymer donors are developed by introducing a BNIDT block into the PM6 polymer backbone. The high electron affinity of BNIDT and the opposite resonance effect of the BN bond in BNIDT results in a lowered highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and a largely reduced ΔEST. Moreover, the morphology of the active blends is also optimized by fine‐tuning the BNIDT content. Therefore, non‐radiative recombination via the terminal triplet loss channels and morphology traps is effectively suppressed. The PNB‐3 (with 3% BNIDT):L8‐BO device exhibits both small ΔEST and optimized morphology, favoring more efficient charge transfer and transport. Finally, the simultaneously enhanced Voc of 0.907 V, Jsc of 26.59 mA cm−2, and FF of 78.86% contribute to a champion PCE of 19.02%. Therefore, introducing BN bonds into benchmark polymers is a possible avenue toward higher‐performance of OSCs.
Multiway Softness Polyurethane Elastomeric Composite with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Application as Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Weixuan , Shi Hengyi , Zeng Xiaoliang , Li Junhong , Pang Yunsong , Chang Yu‐Chung , Sun Rong , Ren Linlin
Published: February 2023

The ever‐increasing computing power in modern electronics comes with significant heat waste that can't be ignored. For microchips to dissipate heat efficiently, thermal interface materials (TIMs) are the most critical components in semiconductor packaging. Soft elastomer composites are often used as TIMs due to their large‐strain reversible deformability with a small external force. For TIMs to cushion between the microchip and heat spreader, they must have high thermal conductivity and temperature‐tunable softness to reduce thermal resistance and relieve the warpage failure caused by thermal stress. However, thermal conductivity and softness are interrelated and restrict each other. To address this challenge, a radical strategy of introducing dynamic covalent bonds in the polyurethane/aluminum composite is used. The reversible and low energy of dynamic imine bonds along with the lengthening of the Khun segment in the crosslinking network imbues the material with temperature‐tunable softness function while maintaining high thermal conductivity. The resulting polyurethane elastomer (PUE) composite exhibits remarkable thermal conductivity (6.90 W m−1 K−1), low thermal resistance (0.13 K cm2 W−1), and excellent softness (elastic modulus 759.50 kPa, and stretchability 140.30%). This work provides a practical method to design thermally conductive and temperature‐tunable soft elastomer composites as TIMs in semiconductor packaging.
Liquid Metal‐Based Organohydrogels for Wearable Flexible Electronics
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Guanglei , Wu Minying , Cao Yudong , Zhong Haibin , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin
Published: February 2023

Currently, developing organohydrogel‐based wearable flexible electronics (WFEs) has aroused intensive research interest, since they possess superior environmental stabilities than hydrogel‐based WFEs, but the development of organohydrogels is still in the infant stage. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed to achieve the fast preparation of organohydrogels by exploring the high reactivity of eutectic gallium–indium alloy in inducing radical polymerization, and constructing the glycerol/water binary solvent system. The obtained organohydrogels, named liquid metal‐based ion‐conducting organohydrogels (LMIOs), possess excellent environmental adaptability over a wide temperature range (−20 to 100 °C) and high transparency. With outstanding mechanical properties and self‐healing abilities, LMIOs can act as strain sensors, showing high sensing sensitivities in broad strain range (0.1–1000%) and fast response speed (<100 ms). Therefore, LMIOs perform well in sensing strains from human motions. Besides, LMIOs can be constructed on latex gloves and prosthetic fingers, forming an LMIO skin on their surfaces. The latex gloves equipped with the LMIO skin can accurately recognize the gesture changes of users. The LMIO skin on the prosthetic finger behaves like human skin, possessing the capability to detect the finger's movements and self‐healing ability. Hence, LMIOs present great prospects in skin‐attachable devices, robotics, and prosthetics.
Liquid Metal Enabled Elastic Conductive Fibers for Self‐Powered Wearable Sensors
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Desuo , Chen Yuyue , Lin Hong , Zhou Xinran , Zhang Yufan , Xiong Jiaqing
Published: February 2023

Realizing stretchable conductive fibers with a trade‐off between stretchability and conductivity is important for wearables. Fibrous triboelectric nanogenerators (FTENGs) represent a promising device for wearable power sources and self‐powered sensors. However, the relationship between conductivity and triboelectric outputs of FTENG remains unfathomed. Herein, a simple strategy for fabricating stretchable conductive fibers with binary rigid‐soft conductive components and dynamic compensation conductive capability is reported. Wet‐spun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/silver flakes (AgFKs) (TA) composite fiber is fabricated and coated by a water‐borne polyurethane (WPU) thin layer, bridging the subsequent liquid metal (LM) coating to obtain TPU/AgFKs/WPU/LM (TAWL) fibers. The TAWL fiber shows outstanding elongation (~600% strain), electrical conductivity of ~2 Ω cm−1 (~3125 S cm−1), and reversible resistance response within 70% tensile strain. Encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the TAWL fiber is demonstrated as single electrode FTENG with the maximum output voltage, current, and transferred charge of 7.5 V, 167 nA, and 3.2 nC, respectively. The FTENG shows 150% stretchability without output dropping, demonstrating the superiority of TAWL fibers to sustain large deformation and conductivity degradation but maintain stable triboelectric outputs. As self‐powered sensors, the FTENG can detect joint bending such as for fingers, elbows, and knees, as well as for pressure and location identification.
Multiple Flexibilities Trigger Luminescent Piezochromism of Closely Packed Cu(I) Coordination Polymers
Authors: Chen Wan‐Tao , Chen Ling , Liang Zhen‐Yu , Mo Zong‐Wen , Ye Jia‐Wen , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: February 2023

The packing states of luminescent molecules can be affected by external stimuli, leading to changes in the emission energy. Compared with the traditional organics and metal−organic frameworks, closely packed coordination polymers (CPs) have more transition types and better stabilities, respectively. However, little attention is paid to the closely packed CPs in the field of piezochromism, and much less to the corresponding optical mechanism. For studying the effect of molecular structure and the energy transfer on piezochromism, ten [Cu2I2] cluster‐based CPs with bridging aromatic ligands and terminal triphenylphosphine ligands are constructed to explore the pressure‐dependent luminescence, especially the influences of bridging ligand length, supramolecular interactions, and halogen atoms on the wavelength shift for luminescent piezochromism. In these CPs, the conformational and structural flexibilities can be effectively increased by lengthening the bridging ligand and addition of pendent methyl groups in the phosphine ligands, respectively, resulting in more obvious piezochromism. In addition, the XLCT/MLCT ratios are efficiently modulated by adjusting the flexibility of halogen electron cloud, which further affects the piezochromic property. Upon the combined effect of multiple flexibilities, a closely packed CP with a large wavelength shift (77 nm) and reversible piezochromism is found.
Electronic Structures and NLO Properties of a Series of TMDs Lateral‐Core–Shell Heterostructures Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Danting , Wei Yadong , Hu Yangyang , Zhang Guiling , Li Weiqi , Yang JianQun , Li XingJi , Tian Wei Quan
Published: February 2023

The electronic structures and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of eight triangle group‐VI transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) lateral‐core–shell heterostructures quantum dots (QDs) [MaX2MbX2 and MXa2MXb2; M (Ma, Mb) = Mo and W; X (Xa, Xb) = S and Se] have been explored by using quantum chemistry method. Frontier molecular orbital (FMOs) analyses indicate that the triangular frameworks with more active W and/or Se atoms at shell have smaller energy gaps than those with Mo and/or S atoms, and the active sites of the ultra‐small TMD heterostructures mainly locate at the edge and/or the corner of the frameworks. Generally speaking, active atoms at the shell are beneficial to the enhancement of the frequency‐dependent first hyperpolarizabilities compared with the active atoms in the cores. First hyperpolarizability density analyses show that the local contributions of the first hyperpolarizability in x direction is mainly located at the left and right corners, while that in y direction is mainly located at the bottom edge and top corner, confirming the important role that the shell of the TMDs lateral‐core–shell heterostructure QDs play in its NLO response. Further, the electronic transitions contributed to the SHG responses also occur at the shell of these triangular frameworks.
Defoliation management affects performance of alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures in the southeastern United States
Authors: Harling John , Rios Esteban , Henrique de Souza Cleber , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Dubeux José C. , Wallau Marcelo O.
Published: February 2023

Overseeding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into grass swards increases forage nutritive value and reduces N fertilizer requirement. In warm climates, establishing and maintaining alfalfa in mixtures with vigorous C4 grasses is challenging, which makes adjustment of defoliation management critical. The objective of this 2‐year study was to determine optimal harvest stubble height (SH; 5, 10, and 15 cm) and cutting interval (CI; 2, 4, and 6 weeks) for two alfalfa genotypes (“Bulldog 805,” and breeding line UF Alf Pers 2015 [UF 2015‐AP]) in mixture with “Tifton 85” bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). When statistical differences occurred, shorter SH resulted in greater mixture forage accumulation (FA), with this effect generally more pronounced for UF 2015‐AP than Bulldog 805, and for CI of 6 weeks than 2 or 4 weeks. Genotype did not affect alfalfa FA, but alfalfa FA was least for the 2‐week CI for all SH levels, and greatest for the 5‐cm SH when CI was 4 weeks, and for the 5‐ and 10‐cm SH when CI was 6 weeks. Alfalfa percent cover was generally greater for longer CI, regardless of SH. Mixture crude protein and digestibility were minimally affected by treatments because the expected negative effects of long CI on nutritive value were offset by greater alfalfa proportion in the mixture for these treatments. In this environment, CI was generally the most important factor affecting alfalfa persistence in alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures. A short SH in combination with longer CI (4–6 weeks) resulted in the greatest mixture and alfalfa FA.
Determinants of consumer acceptance of gene‐edited foods and its implications for innovators and policymakers
Authors: Paudel Bindu , Kolady Deepthi E. , Just David , Van der Sluis Evert
Published: February 2023

Gene‐editing is a breakthrough technology for crop improvement that addresses many concerns associated with its predecessor and distinctly different technology, genetically modified crops. The commercial success of gene‐editing technology depends on the public's acceptance of its foods. This study used data from a national survey of United States consumers to identify the determinants of consumer acceptance of gene‐edited foods and compared them with those of genetically modified foods. Our study shows that consumer awareness and knowledge of gene‐edited foods are almost half those of genetically modified foods. In the study, we classified survey respondents in three clusters based on their attitudes toward food technologies and corporate distrust: technology‐loving, neutral, and technology‐averse. The technology‐averse cluster has the greatest share of individuals who indicated being aware of and knowledgeable about gene‐edited foods, and the largest share of respondents who stated having negative views toward agricultural biotechnology. Technology‐loving individuals have more positive perceptions about agricultural biotechnology and are more likely to consume genetically modified and gene‐edited foods in the future than neutral and technology‐averse individuals. Findings indicate that providing information on the technology and its health and environmental benefits did not affect consumers' willingness to consume genetically modified and gene‐edited foods. Prior perceptions of agricultural biotechnology, beliefs about safety, benefits, labeling, and the type of technology developer are important determinants of anticipated future consumption of genetically modified and gene‐edited foods. [EconLit Citations: Q13, Q16].
Younger haploidentical donor versus older matched unrelated donor for patients with AML/MDS
Authors: Marcoux Curtis , Marin David , Ramdial Jeremy , AlAtrash Gheath , Alousi Amin M. , Oran Betul , Kebriaei Partow , Popat Uday R. , Rezvani Katayoun , Champlin Richard E. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Mehta Rohtesh S.
Published: February 2023

Optimal donor selection is fundamental to successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), and donor age influences survival after both matched unrelated donor (MUD) and haploidentical donor HCT. Though recent studies have shown similar outcomes between MUD and haploidentical HCT, it is unknown if outcomes differ following HCT with younger haploidentical donors compared to HCT with older MUDs. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis comparing outcomes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who underwent HCT with younger (≤35 years) haploidentical donors (n = 494) or older (>35 years) MUDs (n = 1005). Patients in the haploidentical and MUD groups received post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and conventional graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, respectively. In multivariate analysis, use of younger haploidentical donors was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.95, p = .01) and lower rates of grade II‐IV acute GVHD (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.77, p < .001), grade III‐IV acute GVHD (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25–0.53, p < .001), and chronic GVHD (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.40–0.60, p < .001). Relapse rates were similar among those who received myeloablative conditioning but were higher in patients of the younger haploidentical group who received reduced intensity conditioning (HR 1.49, 95%CI 1.18–1.88, p = .001). The younger haploidentical group had significantly lower non‐relapse mortality ≥3 months post‐HCT (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38–0.90, p = .02). Our data support the use of younger haploidentical donors with PTCy over older MUDs with conventional prophylaxis in patients with MDS or AML. Further studies on the importance of donor age in haploidentical and MUD HCT with PTCy prophylaxis are warranted.
First implication of MIP in bilateral microphthalmia with persistent fetal vasculature
Authors: Santorini Mélissa , Chesneau Bertrand , Koskas‐Boublil Patricia , Metge Florence , Caputo Georges , Chassaing Nicolas , Martin Gilles , Plaisancié Julie
Published: February 2023

Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a rare malformative ocular disorder resulting from the failure of the hyaloid vasculature to regress. The severity of the visual impairment is depending on the underlying eye defects, ranging from discreet hyaloid remnants to severe ocular anomalies. Although PFV is generally unilateral, sporadic and idiopathic, a genetic cause has been described in some individuals, especially those presenting with a bilateral and/or syndromic form of PFV. The genes occasionally described in PFV are most often responsible for a wide spectrum of ocular phenotypes such as ATOH7 or NDP, a gene also known to be involved in Norrie disease, a X‐linked vitreoretinopathy with extra‐ocular features. We describe here a patient with an ocular phenotype consisting in non‐syndromic bilateral PFV with cataract and microphthalmia, in whom a recurrent heterozygous de novo MIP disease‐causing variant was detected after using a dedicated 119‐ocular genes panel approach. Defects in the MIP gene are classically associated with dominant non‐syndromic congenital cataract without other ocular malformative features. Thus, this case highlights the value of exploring individuals with PFV, even those with non‐syndromic forms. It also broadens the phenotypic spectrum of the MIP gene, adding new insights into the gene networks underlying PFV pathophysiology, that remains unclear.
Circulating cardiac biomarkers, structural brain changes, and dementia: Emerging insights and perspectives
Authors: Jensen Märit , Zeller Tanja , Twerenbold Raphael , Thomalla Götz
Published: February 2023

Diseases of the heart and brain are strongly linked to each other, and cardiac dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline and dementia. This link between cardiovascular disease and dementia offers opportunities for dementia prevention through prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and heart disease. Increasing evidence suggests the clinical utility of cardiac biomarkers as risk markers for structural brain changes and cognitive impairment. We propose the hypothesis that structural brain changes are the link between impaired cardiac function, as captured by blood‐based cardiac biomarkers, and cognitive impairment. This review provides an overview of the literature and illustrates emerging insights into the association of markers of hemodynamic stress (natriuretic peptides) and markers of myocardial injury (cardiac troponins) with imaging findings of brain damage and cognitive impairment or dementia. Based on these findings, we discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association of cardiac biomarkers with structural brain changes and dementia. We suggest testable hypotheses and a research plan to close the gaps in understanding the mechanisms linking vascular damage and neurodegeneration, and to pave the way for targeted effective interventions for dementia prevention. From a clinical perspective, cardiac biomarkers open the window for early identification of patients at risk of dementia, who represent a target population for preventive interventions targeting modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to avert cognitive decline and dementia.
Mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates hippocampal damage following status epilepticus
Authors: Jia Xiaoxia , Wang Qinghua , Ji Jianlun , Lu Wenchun , Liu Zhidong , Tian Hao , Guo Lin , Wang Yun
Published: February 2023

Background

Hippocampal damage caused by status epilepticus (SE) can bring about cognitive decline and emotional disorders, which are common clinical comorbidities in patients with epilepsy. It is therefore imperative to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for protecting hippocampal damage after SE. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of contributing factors in epilepsy. Given the therapeutic benefits of mitochondrial replenishment by exogenous mitochondria, we hypothesized that transplantation of mitochondria would be capable of ameliorating hippocampal damage following SE.

Methods

Pilocarpine was used to induced SE in mice. SE‐generated cognitive decline and emotional disorders were determined using novel object recognition, the tail suspension test, and the open field test. SE‐induced hippocampal pathology was assessed by quantifying loss of neurons and activation of microglia and astrocytes. The metabolites underlying mitochondrial transplantation were determined using metabonomics.

Results

The results showed that peripheral administration of isolated mitochondria could improve cognitive deficits and depressive and anxiety‐like behaviors. Exogenous mitochondria blunted the production of reactive oxygen species, proliferation of microglia and astrocytes, and loss of neurons in the hippocampus. The metabonomic profiles showed that mitochondrial transplantation altered multiple metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid signaling pathway and carbon metabolism. Among potential affected metabolites, mitochondrial transplantation decreased levels of sphingolipid (d18:1/18:0) and methylmalonic acid, and elevated levels of D‐fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, these findings provide the first direct experimental evidence that artificial mitochondrial transplantation is capable of ameliorating hippocampal damage following SE. These new findings support mitochondrial transplantation as a promising therapeutic strategy for epilepsy‐associated psychiatric and cognitive disorders.
An Isotope‐Labeled Single‐Cell Raman Spectroscopy Approach for Tracking the Physiological Evolution Trajectory of Bacteria toward Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Yang Kai , Xu Fei , Zhu Longji , Li Hongzhe , Sun Qian , Yan Aixin , Ren Bin , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Cui Li
Published: February 2023

Understanding evolution of antibiotic resistance is vital for containing its global spread. Yet our ability to in situ track highly heterogeneous and dynamic evolution is very limited. Here, we present a new single‐cell approach integrating D2O‐labeled Raman spectroscopy, advanced multivariate analysis, and genotypic profiling to in situ track physiological evolution trajectory toward resistance. Physiological diversification of individual cells from isogenic population with cyclic ampicillin treatment is captured. Advanced multivariate analysis of spectral changes classifies all individual cells into four subsets of sensitive, intrinsic tolerant, evolved tolerant and resistant. Remarkably, their dynamic shifts with evolution are depicted and spectral markers of each state are identified. Genotypic analysis validates the phenotypic shift and provides insights into the underlying genetic basis. The new platform advances rapid phenotyping resistance evolution and guides evolution control.