bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE THROUGH COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE STRATEGY
Authors: Gaffar Elvyani NH
Published: September 2021

This study examines supply chain management analysis of companyperformance through a competitive advantage strategy. This study aimsto determine the effect of supply chain management on companyperformance by using (through) a competitive advantage strategy in thebead handicraft industry in the city of Samarinda. The researchmethodology is a quantitative method using PLS data analysistechniques. The population of the bead handicraft industry in the city ofSamarinda is 39 units. The obtained data samples using the censusmethod as a whole from the total population. The result showed thatsupply chain management has a significant positive effect oncompetitive advantage strategy. Compatitive advantage strategy hassignificant positive effect on company performance. The increase incompany performance is influenced by supply chain management byusing (through) a competitive advantage strategy. The benefit of thisresearch is to demonstrate the importance of a competitive advantagestrategy for the bead handicraft industry in the city of Samarindaconcerning improved performance, which in turn will increase sales andprofits.
NUEVA ESPAÑA, EL ÚLTIMO BASTIÓN DEL COMERCIO IMPERIAL ESPAÑOL EN EL PROCESO DE APERTURA DE LA CARRERA DE INDIAS (1815-1825)
Authors: Bartolomei Arnaud
Published: September 2021

Tradicionalmente, la historiografía sobre la Carrera de Indias ha considerado, en términos generales, que la proclamación del decreto que autorizaba el comercio de Neutrales en noviembre de 1797 provocó la quiebra del sistema monopólico español. Esta hipótesis se basa, sin embargo, en un corpus documental incompleto y en los casos singulares de territorios coloniales que se abrieron muy pronto al comercio de todos los países europeos. El ejemplo del Virreinato de la Nueva España, que aquí estudiamos sobre la base de una amplia revisión de la literatura existente y la contribución de fuentes inéditas, revela otra realidad. El monopolio comercial español resistió a lo largo de las crisis de la época y sólo se acabó desmantelando tras la proclamación de la independencia de México.
POLÍTICA COLONIAL Y DEPORTACIÓN DE FILIPINOS EN TIEMPOS DE GUERRA (1896-1898)
Authors: Bachero Bachero Juan Luis
Published: September 2021

El artículo analiza el uso de la deportación en la Revolución Filipina (1896-1898), en una época de relegaciones habituales de disidentes entre España y sus colonias. La insurrección de agosto determinó encarcelamientos masivos y preventivos de sospechosos de colaborar o simpatizar con los rebeldes, especialmente entre la pequeña y media burguesía y funcionarios. En primer lugar, se utilizó la deportación a la Micronesia y a las islas del sur que tradicionalmente habían servido de destino de delincuentes e indeseables sociales y con posterioridad se optó por destinarles a Ceuta, las Chafarinas y Fernando Poo. En la colonia africana,donde recabaron la gran mayoría, fueron utilizados como mano de obra barata por las autoridades y particulares y sometidos a maltrato físico y psicológico. En las postrimerías de la guerra se reactivó una deportación encubierta de baja intensidad a las áreas de influencia del archipiélago.
Kerajinan Payung Cukup dan Payung Lunas di Desa Bukian Payangan Gianyar
Authors: Suparta I Made , Suardina I Nyoman , Mudra I Wayan
Published: September 2021

Kecamatan Payangan terdiri dari 9 desa memiliki sumber daya alam subur serta potensi seni yang patut dikembangkan. Payung cukup dan lunas memiliki keindahan bentuk yang unik dan nilai ekonomi menjanjikan. Kerajinan yang terdapat di desa Bukian Payangan terbuat dari rangkaian susunan bilah-bilah bambu terlihat alami dan langka. Seiring perkembangan jaman, payung tradisional tidak bertangkai mayoritas digunakan petani dan peternak tidak banyak dikenal kaum melineal. Rangkaian bilah bambu yang tersusunan vertical-horizontal memberi daya tarik tersendiri untuk dilakukan penelusuran lebih lanjut terhadap penomena yang terdapat pada payung Payung cukup maupun payung lunas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode porposive sampling, Validitas data lapangan maupun pustaka didasarkan pada metode ilmiah, pengumpulan dan analisis data serta alat ukur yang digunakan. Kompilasi dan tabulasi data dikoreksi dan dikonstruksikan secara logis dan sistematis. Adapun luarannya berupa publikasi ilmiah yang dimuat pada jurnal terakreditasi yaitu Mudra ISI Denpasar atau jurnal Imaji terbitan UNY (Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta). Dan bahan ajar. Target capaian penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengertian payung cukup dan lunas, bahan dasar, dan keberlanjutannya.
Religiously Diverse Countries and States Have Less Inter-Religious Prejudice
Authors: zheng Xuhao
Published: September 2021

Globalization has led to an unprecedented level of religious mixing and religious diversity. These trends have led scholars to wonder whether religious diversity creates religious conflict or breeds tolerance towards different religions, but few studies have been able to draw clear conclusions. We conducted two studies to explore the relationship between religious diversity and religious prejudice. The first study collected data from 8,827 participants from 10 major religions in 37 countries around the world. We found a strong negative correlation between religious diversity and religious prejudice (r = -.55) which was independent of several demographic and attitudinal covariates. The second study collected data from across the United States. We replicated the relationship between religious diversity and religious prejudice (r = -.54) controlling for several group-level factors like conservatism, residential mobility, and threat. Our results suggest that contact between religious groups may be related to religious tolerance, and contrasts with “marketplace” theories of religion which suggest that religious diversity should breed competition and conflict.
AI in Healthcare: medical and socio-economic benefits and challenges
Authors: Shaheen Mohammed Yousef
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research was to investigate benefits and challenges of AI in healthcare. Wedivided the benefits into two subcategories: benefits related to the medical domain, and the benefitsrelated to economic and social lives domain. The findings are: 1) Smart data inclusion contributessignificantly and help to improve decision-making quality. 2) Surgical robots have improved theprecision and predictability of the surgery. 3) Intraoperative guidance via video pictures andcommunication systems has proven to be beneficial, particularly in situations when there is a pooraccess to clinics, travel limitations, or pandemic. 4) Sentiment analysis analyzes, interprets, andresponds to verbal expressions of human emotions. 6)Data scientists have been able to create algorithmsthat can comprehend human feeling from written textwith unique combination of NLP and sentimentanalysis. 7) AI could re-balance a clinician's workload,providing them more time to connect with patientsand thereby improve care quality. The majorchallenges are: 1) the data reflects sometimesinherent biases and disparities in the healthcare system. 2) The demand for huge datasets incentivizesdevelopers to acquire data from a large number of patients. Some patients may be worried that thisdata collection would infringe on their confidentiality. 3) AI systems may occasionally be incorrect,resulting in patient damage or other health-care issues. It is not assumed that a new technology willalways be good; it has the potential to be detrimental. There are some improvements that benefit andthere are some challenges that may harm, and these challenges must be responded by futureresearch.
EFEK DARI TERAPI TARI DALAM KONSELING
Authors: Lara Lara
Published: September 2021

Secara etimologis, dance therapy (terapi tari) terdiri dari dua kata, yaitu “dance” dan “therapy”. Kata dance sendiri digunakan untuk kegiatan yang akan dilakukan dalam proses terapi yang dijalankan, sedangkan kata therapy berkaitan serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang oleh konselor dalam membantu konseli untuk mengentaskan permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi. Dalam proses pemberian konseling terapi tari, konseli diminta akan melakukan gerakan maupun tari-tarian yang secara tidak langsung gerakan maupun tarian yang dilakukan tersebut merupakan bentuk ungkapan dari perasaan, pengalaman, dan juga kata-kata yang tidak dapat tersampaikan secara langsung. Dengan begitu, dapat membantu konselor, untuk dapat membantu konseli mengentaskan permasalahan yang sedang dialami.
Subgroup Discovery in Structural Equation Models
Authors: Kiefer Christoph , Lemmerich Florian , Langenberg Benedikt , Mayer Axel
Published: September 2021

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is one of the most popular statistical frameworks in the social and behavioural sciences. Often, detection of groups with distinct sets ofparameters in structural equation models (SEM) are of key importance for appliedresearchers, for example, when investigating differential item functioning for a mentalability test or examining children with exceptional educational trajectories. In this paper, we present a new approach combining subgroup discovery – a well-established toolkit of supervised learning algorithms and techniques from the field of computer science – with structural equation models. We provide an introduction how subgroup discovery can be applied to detect subgroups with exceptional parameter constellations in structural equation models based on user-defined interestingness measures. Furthermore, technical details on the algorithmic components, efficiency, and further computational aspects are presented. Then, our approach is illustrated with two real-world data examples, examining measurement invariance of a mental ability test and investigating interesting subgroups for the mediated relationship between predictors of educational outcomes and the trajectories of math competencies in 5th grade children. The illustrative examples are accompanied by a short introduction in the R package subgroupsem, which is a viable implementation of our approach for applied researchers.
A bridge to progress further afield: The promise of a common framework on attentional capture
Authors: Most Steven , Curby Kim
Published: September 2021

Although physical salience looms large in the attentional capture literature, stimuli can also capture attention via salience deriving from non-physical factors. Such psychological salience can stem, for example, from the emotional resonance of stimuli or their relevance to a person’s expertise. We consider how insights from a recently proposed framework for attentional capture can be used to advance theory and drive research on the role of emotion-driven attentional biases in clinical disorders and on how attentional allocation changes with the development of perceptual expertise. In return, we wonder how their common framework can be enriched through considerations of psychological salience.
WARNAI PROSES KONSELING DENGAN DANCE AND MOVEMENT THERAPY
Authors: Christanti Anandita
Published: September 2021

Pandemi covid-19 ternyata merupakan suatu kondisi maupun keadaan yang tidak ringan karena banyak orang mengalami kesulitan karena pandemi tersebut. Kesulitan tersebut membuatn banyak orang sering putus asa hingga stress dan menyebabkan individu tersebut tidak dapat mengoptimal diri serta tingkat produktivitas individu menurun. Dance and Movement Therapy (DMT) adalah terapi yang menggunakan gerakan dan tarian untuk mendukung fungsi intelektual, emosional, dan motorik tubuh. Secara emosional dance memampukan individu untuk memiliki self awareness, mengurangi stres dan merupakan sarana terbaik yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengekspresikan perasaan emosional. Dalam proses konseling tentu DMT sangat bisa diterapkan. Konseling akan menjadi sesuatu proses yang lebih berwarna karena dalam proses konseling tersebut dibarengi dengan teknik DMT.
Controlling For Spurious Nonlinear Dependence in Connectivity Analyses
Authors: Poskanzer Craig , Fang Mengting , Aglinskas Aidas , Anzellotti Stefano
Published: September 2021

Recent analysis methods can capture nonlinear interactions between brain regions. However, noise sources might induce spurious nonlinear relationships between the responses in different regions. Previous research has demonstrated that traditional denoising techniques effectively remove noise- induced linear relationships between brain areas, but it is unknown whether these techniques can remove spurious nonlinear relationships. Among existing denoising methods, CompCor has been hypothesized to remove noise in BOLD responses that is nonlinearly related to its source. In this paper, we investigated whether CompCor additionally removes spurious nonlinear interactions between different brain regions. To test this, we analyzed fMRI responses while participants watched the film Forrest Gump using both linear and nonlinear Multivariate Pattern Dependence Networks (MVPN). We found nonlinear interactions between the nondenoised responses in face-selective regions and nondenoised responses in the anterior frontal and temporal lobes. CompCor denoising removed these nonlinear interactions. We then asked whether information contributing to the removal of nonlinear interactions is localized to specific anatomical regions of no interest or to specific principal components. We denoised the data 8 separate times by regressing out 5 principal components extracted from combined white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), each of the 5 components separately, 5 components extracted from WM only, and 5 components extracted solely from CSF. In all cases, denoising was sufficient to remove the observed nonlinear interactions. Finally, we replicated our results using different types of neural networks as the bases of MVPN, demonstrating that CompCor’s ability to remove nonlinear interactions is independent of network architecture.
Community Under Surveillance: Impacts of Marginalization on an Online Labor Forum
Authors: Barakat Hanna L , Redmiles Elissa M.
Published: September 2021

A breadth of literature has examined how gig workers use online forums. The past literature focuses primarily on how gig workers for mainstream corporate platforms leverage forums. Yet, marginalization, stigma, censorship, and criminalization all shape how people, including gig workers, use digital technology. In this work, we seek to take a first step toward understanding how marginalized, stigmatized, digitally censored, and in some cases criminalized gig workers leverage the affordances of online public forums to build community and increase their welfare. To do so, we conduct a qualitative analysis of 4,000 posts and 25,851 comments shared over four months in a large online public forum used by sex workers for peer support. Sex workers sit at the intersection of multiple marginalized communities, and thus offer a lens into the broader use of forums by marginalized labor communities. Our findings offer insight into how these workers use moderation to preserve their safety and community. Further, we highlight similarities and differences between how this community utilizes the forum platform and prior scholarship on the use of online forums by gig workers.
Understanding antimicrobial use in subsistence farmers in Chikwawa District Malawi, implications for public awareness campaigns
Authors: MacPherson Eleanor , Reynolds Joanna , Sanudi Esnart , Nkaombe Alexander , Mankhomwa John , Dixon Justin , Chandler Clare I.R.
Published: September 2021

Drug resistant infections are increasing across the world and urgent action is required to preserve current classes of antibiotics. Antibiotic use practices in low-and-middle-income countries have gained international attention, especially as antibiotics are often accessed beyond the formal health system. Public awareness campaigns have gained popularity, often conceptualising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a problem of excess, precipitated by irrational behaviour. Insufficient attention has been paid to people’s lived experiences of accessing medicines in low-income contexts. In Chikwawa District, Malawi, a place of extreme scarcity, our study aimed to understand the care and medicine use practices of households dependent on subsistence farming. Adopting an anthropological approach, we undertook medicine interviews (100), ethnographic fieldwork (six-month period) and key informant interviews (33) with a range of participants in two villages in rural Chikwawa. The most frequently used drugs were cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin, not considered to be of critical importance to human health. Participants recognised that keeping, sharing, and buying medicines informally was not the “right thing.” However, they described using antibiotics and other medicines in these ways due to conditions of extreme precarity, the costs and limitations of seeking formal care in the public sector, and the inevitability of future illness. Our findings emphasise the need in contexts of extreme scarcity to equip policy actors with interventions to address AMR through strengthening health systems, rather than public awareness campaigns that foreground overuse and the dangers of using antibiotics beyond the formal sector.
The rise of one-person households
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: September 2021

In this visualization, I show the trend in the proportion of households that comprise only one person in 75 countries, representing 73 percent of world population, using national data collected between 1960 and 2019. At the time of the latest observations for each country, the percentage of households that include only one person ranges from 2.6 (Cambodia) to 38 (Switzerland). Europe and the United States have the highest solo living rates, along with two African countries (South Africa and Botswana, both severely affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic), Israel, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. In all, 53 of the 75 countries exhibit a rise in one-person households, including all European countries. Those with (generally much smaller) declines are disproportionately in Africa and Asia, including China and India.
“I know what you’re going to ask me” Why respondents don’t read survey questions
Authors: Brosnan Kylie , Babakhani Nazila , Dolnicar Sara
Published: September 2021

Tracking respondents’ eyes while they complete a survey reveals that (a) they do not read instructions, survey questions, and answer options carefully enough, investing only as little as 32% of the required time; (b) their attention diminishes over the course of the survey; and (c) their self-reports of the survey experience do not reflect actual survey completion behavior. As much as 15% of survey data may be negatively affected by systematic respondent inattention. From these findings, we derive practical recommendations on how to improve pre-testing of surveys and how to reduce the likelihood of survey respondents ignoring instructions and not reading survey questions and answer options.
Safawid Diplomatic Documents from the Period of Shah Safi I in the RSAAA Collections
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shorokhov Vladimir , Slesarev Timur ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2021

The paper provides an overview of documents in Persian and Turkic languages from the period of Shah Safi I, that are kept in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (hereinafter RSAAA). Concise information on Safawid missions to Russia is followed by classification of Safawid documents related to them. The documents, which we divide into texts and registers, are described in terms of their functions and content. The article concludes with attempts to distinguish and exemplify those components of formulary, that are common for all types of the texts, i. e. decrees, letters and petitions. The article can also be regarded as a brief summary of results obtained during the implementation of the project, supported by the RSF. Only few of the documents, found and explored by members of the project, had attracted attention of researchers, and none of them had been published, until the project got started.
Scenes from the Lotus Sutra. An Old Uygur Temple Banner with Cartouche Inscriptions
Authors:   Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Zieme Peter
Published: September 2021

The temple banner IB 4781 of the former Ethnological Museum in Berlin (today: Hermitage Museum ВД 585) originates from Qočo (Dakianusšahri: afterwards D 222). A. Grünwedel gave its detailed description, but after his publication in 1905 it remained more or less untouched. The picture is based on an overall composition in which individual passages from the sutra have been integrated. The groups of figures arranged in the cloud scenes were examined in detail in Grünwedel's description. They are mostly bodhisattvas. In depicting the figures sitting around the Buddhas the painter has included figures seen from behind, so that one can correctly imagine a circle, which of course should indicate that all the figures are concentrated on the Buddha. The 10 text cartouches contain quotations in Old Uygur based on the Chinese text of the Lotus sutra. They are read here for the first time. In the paper these cartouche texts are studied as well as the names of the donors on the bottom of the temple banner.
Russian Sources of the Qur’anic Ethnography II. Alexander A. Adamov and His “Arabic Iraq”
Authors:   MAE (Kunstkamera), RAS, Kudriavtceva Anna , Rezvan Efim ,   MAE (Kunstkamera), RAS, Rezvan Maryam ,   MAE (Kunstkamera), RAS
Published: September 2021

The scholarly and documentary heritage, the museum collections associated with the name of Alexander A. Adamov (1870—1938), one of the leading Russian diplomats and practicing orientalists at the eve of the First World War, are undoubtedly an important source for studying the history of the Middle East at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the history of the rivalry of the great powers in the region. Today, however, the significance of Adamov's texts and collections takes on yet another dimension. It is Qur’anic ethnography, a new scientific field, based on the results of specialized studies of previous years, and it is closely related to the studies of the Qur’anic language and the language milieu of Arabia at the time of the Prophet, to the ethnographical field studies in Arabia and Qur’anic archaeology. Researchers of Arabia are very well familiar with the phenomenon of the long preservation of elements of traditional tangible culture and economic activities here. This phenomenon is mostly based on the specific natural and climatic conditions, which brought about a set of elements of tangible culture that have proved to be highly viable throughout many centuries. In this connection, we regard the itineraries and works of European travellers to Arabia in the second half of the 18th century — first third of the 20th century as a serious source for our research. Whereas the names and papers of the Western travellers are well known and have been often referred to in various research projects devoted to Arabia, similar Russian works are still waiting for their turn. The second article of the series is dedicated to the activities of a man who devoted a significant part of his life to the study of Iraq and the Gulf region, the areas that played a huge role in the complex and largely ambiguous processes that led to the emergence of Islam. Accurate historical and ethnographic observations of Adamov make it possible to obtain material that is important for the reconstruction of territorial units and types of settlements, types of clothing and dwellings, the specifics of water supply and irrigation methods, agriculture and horticulture, the role of different types of animals in economic circulation, and nutritional systems typical for Arabia in the time of the rise of Islam.
Endodontic Management of Radix Entomolaris and pulp stone in Mandibular First Molar of 25 mm length - Case Report
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College & Hospital, Pandur, Tamil Nadu 631203, India, Padmanabhan Kadambari
Published: September 2021

A thorough knowledge and understanding of the root canal morphology including the variations is important for the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. The success of an endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microbes from the root-canal system and prevention of re-infection [1] . The variations in mandibular first molar involves the number of roots, the number of root canals, and morphology. Radix entomolaris and the radix paramolaris are the additional root located lingually and buccally respectively [2] . This case report discusses endodontic treatment of a mandibular first molar with a radix entomolaris and pulp stone.
Assessment of knowledge, perception regarding biostatistics and interpretation of research among Moroccan Dental professionals
Authors:   Professor and Head of Orthodontics Department, University Hassan II, Faculty of dentistry, Casablanca, Morocco, Bourzgui F , Abidine Z ,   Orthodontist in private practice Casablanca Morocco, Diouny S ,   Professor Department of English Studies University of Chouaib Doukkali El Jadida, B.P. 27, Route Ben Mâachou 24000 El-Jadida, Morocco, Serhier Z ,   Professor, Laboratory of medical informatics, University Hassan II, Faculty of medicine& Pharmacy, Casablanca, Morocco, Bennani OM ,   Professor, Laboratory of medical informatics, University Hassan II, Faculty of medicine& Pharmacy, Casablanca, Morocco
Published: September 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate dental professionals’ perception of biostatistics and interpretation of research results. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among dental professionals of Casablanca Dental School, Morocco. 81 participants completed the questionnaire (rate of response 90%). The responses were assessed on 5-point Likert scale. With regards to biostatistics knowledge, one major result that stood out was the proportion of correct items in the questionnaire. Results: 60% of participants had a graduation duration ranging from 1 to 10 years. About two-thirds (62%) were professors and about 1 third (31%) were residents. 90% of the respondents wanted to learn more biostatistics. The overall mean percentage correct on statistical knowledge and interpretation of results was 19.4%. The most important response percentage was recorded for the knowledge of case-control studies (38.3%). The least important response percentage was 2.5% for Cox’s regression identification. Length of time after graduation and the participants’ grade were significantly associated with biostatistics knowledge. Discussion: The study concluded that dental professionals showed a low perceived knowledge of biostatistics concepts; thus, there is a need to implement biostatistics into dental programmes to meet dental professionals’ use in research and clinical practice.
Fixed jaw overdenture with three implants using equator type components - Clinical case report
Authors:   Professor Centro Paula Souza do Estado de São Paulo - ETEC Philadelpho Gouveia Netto - Department of Dental Prosthesis Course, Renato Jordao Claudio , Jorge Magaldi Felipe ,   Professor Centro Paula Souza do Estado de São Paulo - ETEC Philadelpho Gouveia Netto - Department of Dental Prosthesis Course, Pereira Alexandre Leonardo ,   Professor Centro Paula Souza do Estado de São Paulo - ETEC Philadelpho Gouveia Netto - Department of Dental Prosthesis Course, Caldas William César ,   Professor Centro Paula Souza do Estado de São Paulo - ETEC Philadelpho Gouveia Netto - Department of Dental Prosthesis Course
Published: September 2021

Mandibular overdenture dentures retained by two implants are viable options for oral rehabilitation of elderly patients. Different types of implant components are used for retention of these prostheses in the mouth, with the ball component being the most used. The aim of this study is to present a small variation of the conventional two-implant technique using the ball-type component by adding an implant and also replacing the component with a locator type (Neodent) for retention of the mandibular prosthesis.
Comparison of smear layer removal ability of different agitation system in the apical third of the root canal using SEM: an in vitro study
Authors:   Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Raza Zaighum , Pasha Shiraz ,   Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Valli Kusum ,   Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Yartha VijayaLakshmi ,   Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains gold standard as a result of its antimicrobial effect and tissue dissolution properties, but it has no effect on inorganic portion of smear layer. Thus the combination of NaOCl and EDTA has been proven to have the perfect ability in removal of both organic and inorganic debris. These irrigants when used with conventional syringe irrigation were unable to penetrate the apical portion of the root canal, so new activation devices have come in the market which claims to be effective in delivering the irrigant to the working length. Objective/Aim: This study evaluated and compared the efficacy of recently introduced irrigation activation devices EndoActivator, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and Laser on removal of smear layer from the apical third of instrumented root canal using Scanning electron microscope. Methods: Forty three single rooted teeth were prepared with the help of protaper files and divided into four groups. Group I: EDTA only, Group II: Endoactivator, Group III: Laser, Group IV: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). Three specimens were not treated with any smear layer removal protocol and were immediately sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The remaining 40 samples from 4 groups after treatment with different activation system were also sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Friedman’s test. Results: All the four groups removed smear layer and the laser showed best smear layer removing capability compared to other groups but was significant only with respect to control and group I (EDTA group without any activation) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, all the activation systems were able to remove the smear layer from the apical third of the root canal with laser showing the best result followed by Endoactivator and then PUI.
Case report of a large hemangioma of the parotid gland with multiple phleboliths and tonsilloliths
Authors:   Instructor, Lebanese University, School of Dentistry, Department of Dento-Maxillo Facial Imaging, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon, Genno Najwa Karam , Genno Pamela G. ,   Research fellow and Instructor, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
Published: September 2021

Hemangiomas are benign vascular deformities characterized by an increased proliferation and turnover of endothelial cells. They account for the majority of parotid gland tumors in infants but are rare in adults. Changes in blood flow dynamics within hemangiomas can cause stasis, thrombus formation and phleboliths. Tonsilloliths are calcifications occurring primarily within the palatine tonsillar crypts. We report the case of a large hemangioma of the parotid gland with multiple phleboliths and tonsilloliths in an adult, highlighting the clini cal and imaging features on panoramic radiography, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), cervical ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Doppler imaging. A 20-year-old woman presented, complaining of a painless swelling below her right ear. Panoramic radiograph showed multiple randomly distributed round-to-oval radiopaque structures overlying the right mandibular ramus. CBCT revealed several radiopaque structures in the right palatine tonsillar crypts. Cervical ultrasound exposed a large heterogeneous and predominantly hypoechogenic mass in the right parotid gland. MRI displayed a well-defined lesion in the right parotid gland extending into the parapharyngeal pre-styloid space, hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2, containing several nodules. The diagnosis was: large hemangioma of the right parotid gland extending into the parapharyngeal pre-styloid space, with multiple phleboliths and tonsilloliths. Propranolol was delivered, with periodic follow-up on Doppler images, showing a hemangioma size reduction. Standard radiographs can detect tonsilloliths and phleboliths but additional imaging modalities disclose the exact diagnosis and location of calcifications and the diagnosis, structure and extent of the vascular lesion. Tonsilloliths and phleboliths should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiopaque masses involving the mandibular ramus. Hemangioma with phleboliths should be considered in the differential diagnosis of parotid tumors when numerous intraglandular calcification nodules are detected on radiographs.
Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits of Malay adults (18-23 years) in Shah Alam, Malaysia
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Benghazi, UOB, Benghazi, Libya., Elfseyie Majda , Hassan Mohamed I. Abu ,   Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Selangor, Malaysia., Al-Jaf Nagham Mohammed Abdullah ,   Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: September 2021

Background: The incidence of malocclusion varies among countries, ethnicities, races, and ages. The recognition of malocclusion incidence is an important role in planning public health services. Aims: To assess the occlusal features of Malaysian Malay adults aged 18-23 years. However, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in Malaysia and a little information is available on Malay malocclusion. Methods: A total sample of 191 subjects (73 males and 118 females) was examined to register the occlusal status by using Angle classification as normal occlusion, Class I, Class II/1, Class II/2 and Class III malocclusion. Other variables were recorded such as overbite, over-jet, crowding, spacing, midline diastema, crossbite, scissors bite, midline shifts, canine displacement, missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, traumatically fractured teeth, traumatic gingival contact, tongue thrust and lip coverage. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were used for all measurements and the chi-square test was used for gender differences. Results: Class III was the most predominant with gender significant (P < 0.05). Class II/2 was the lowest incidence (1%). Overall, the anterior crowding was high (75.9%). There was a significant association between crossbite, scissors bite and genders (P < 0.05). The anterior crossbite was more commonly associated with Class III and the antero-posterior unilateral crossbite was found only in subjects with Class III. Conclusion: The incidence of Class III was higher in Malay; therefore, the orthodontic management of Class III would be more common in the clinic so that it is necessary to start a plan to promote the preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment in Malay population.
Salivary spectrum evaluation with Raman’s Spectrometer
Authors:   MDS Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Sagar Kumar , Vahanwala Sonal ,   Professor & Guide, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Chilakapati Murali ,   Principal Investigator, ACTREC, Kharghar, Mumbai, Waghmare Mandavi ,   Professor & Head of Department, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Pagare Sandeep ,   Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Santosh Vasavi ,   Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Shetty Naveen ,   Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Manoj Reema ,   Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Bhutani Hemant ,   Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Gavand Kapil ,   Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai
Published: September 2021

Background: Biofluids possess a lot of hidden informations. Along with serum, saliva beholds great potential which needs to be discovered. Certain physical properties of saliva need to be studied closely and thus can be put into use for various diagnostic purposes. Aims and Objectives: To find difference between male and female saliva through spectrometry. Design: 20 systemically sound subjects were selected and explained about the study. The subjects should not be consuming any medication or tobacco products. Materials and Methodology: Subjects were asked to collect unstimulated saliva in the disposable vials. The samples were then centrifuged with the help of speed vacuum concentrator. Then with the help of Gilson’s pipette some centrifuge sample were taken and normal saline was added and was left to dry. With the help of Raman’s Spectrometer 585nm the spectra was recorded and each sample were assessed 5 times. And then raw data was processed. Result and Conclusion: PCA (Principal Component Analysis), LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) and Average Spectra are derived. The LDA accuracy of our study was above 70% which is good for future research purposes as anything above 60% can be considered as important breakthrough.
Ethnobotanical and Phyto pharmacological Overview of Matsyakshi (Alternanthera sessilis R Br.ex DC)
Authors:   Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, V.Y.D.S. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Khurja, Bulandshah (Dist) Uttar Pradesh, India, Chandrashekhar Karnam
Published: September 2021

Alternanthera sessilis (Amaranthaceae) is commonly called as sessile joy weed or dwarf copper leaf, has been a part of Indian health care system including different streams of medicinal plant practices such as Ayurveda,ethnobotany and folklore medicine for treating different conditions.The plant does not find vivid description in ancient classics of Ayurveda, but, its different uses are appreciated by the tribes and ethnics of India.This necessitates the scientific studies to validate the claims and further, to promote the research on the plants that are less explained and under-utilized in Ayurvefic therapeutics.The aim of this review is to create a basis for further investigation into the ethnobotanical claims and the biological activities to support its multiple uses.
Pregnancy and delivery in advanced maternal age: epidemiologic aspects and prognosis
Authors:   Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital, Chad, Madoué Gabkika Bray , Ihagadang Foumsou ,   Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital, Chad,   Faculty of Human Health Sciences, N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital, Chad, Ngarmbaye Masra ,   Faculty of Human Health Sciences, N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital, Chad
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Pregnancies in old age are a topical subject for both women and health professionals because of their increasing frequency. In Chad, pregnancy and childbirth in old age is a frequent phenomenon. So, we initiated this study to evaluate the prognosis of pregnancy and childbirth in old age. Patients and method: This was a descriptive prospective study about maternal and fetal prognosis of pregnancies in old age covering a period of 3 months, from 1st January to 31st March 2017. Were included in the study all parturient aged ≥ 35 years, a pregnancy age ≥ 28 years that have accepted to participate to this study. Results: During the study period we recorded 104 parturient with age ≥ 35 years among 8442 parturient giving a frequency of 1.23%. The average age was 36.7 years with extremes age of 35 and 45 years. Thirty five year-old were more represented with 45.2%. The majority of patients were married. The no uneducated had represented 75% of cases. The multiparous were more represented with 65.4%. Sixty-five (62.5%) did attended prenatal consultation. The pregnancy was at term for ninety-three (89.4%). The majority delivered by the vaginal route (87.5%). Hypertension was the most common complication with 12.8%. No maternal death has been reported. Fifty-eight newborns (53.7% had a birth weight between 3500-3999g. Thirty two newborns (29.6%). presented complications Perinatal asphyxia was the most common fetal complication with 8.3%. However, the perinatal death rate was 17.6%. Conclusion: Childbirth among women age ≥ 35 years is an infrequent phenomenon, with complications recorded that can be maternal or fetal.
Ocular manifestations in patients with corona virus disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Sharma Ranjana , Sharma Bishnu Prasad , Sigdel Keshav Raj , Adhikari Sudeep , Subedi Sudesh , Aryal Dipsikha , Jha Ashish
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has affected many subspecialties including ophthalmology. We aimed to determine the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients treated in a dedicated tertiary care hospital, in Nepal.

Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal. Data were collected during 6 months from November 2020 to May 2021 to achieve a for a specified sample size of 90. Ophthalmological manifestations were recorded in the consenting participants. Ethical approval was obtained.

Result: One or more ocular manifestations were seen in 3.4% of admitted COVID-19 patients. Bilateral diffuse red eyes was the most common manifestation.

Conclusion: Bilateral diffuse red eye was the common ocular manifestation in admitted COVID-19 patients.
Paradygmat zignorowany. Macierzyństwo kobiet z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną
Authors: Wołowicz Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

The author analyses how intellectual disability and social and system conditions related to it influence decisions, reproductive rights and ways of experiencing motherhood. She asks questions about motherhood models of intellectually disabled women, the role of informal social support in parenthood and the ways of building, negotiating and crossing the norms of care practices of such women. She verifies the assumptions of participatory research, attempts to recognize the scope and possibilities of engaging women with intellectual disability in the research process.
Telephone Administration of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment in Older Adults: Lessons Learned
Authors: Wei Cindy , Wagler Justin B. , Rodrigues Isabel B. , Giangregorio Lora , Keller Heather , Thabane Lehana , Mourtzakis Marina
Published: September 2021

Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment (ASA24) is an economical method of estimating dietary intake as nutrient analysis is automated, but its use in older adults is limited. The purpose of this work was to guide dietitians and future researchers on how to use the ASA24 with older adults, considering potential barriers encountered and strategies used to support completion based on our experience using this tool in a pilot clinical trial. ASA24 was completed by phone interview with 39 older adults. Challenges included: recalling food intake in detail, recording frequent eating occasions and complicated recipes, and general problems with communication. Strategies to support collection included making morning phone calls and suggesting that seniors write down the food consumed. Phone interviews were acceptable to older adults, but sufficient time was required. Dietitians and future researchers can use these findings to obtain dietary intake data from this hard-to-reach group.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Timofeeva Yu.S. , Volchek A.V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Kuleshov V.M. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Aidagulova S.V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Marinkin I.O. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University
Published: September 2021

A pairwise comparison of the clinical characteristics of patients with external genital endometriosis (EGE) stages I–III was carried out using Fisher's exact test. Patients with the most common (and newly diagnosed) stage II showed the greatest number of statistically significant correlations between clinical signs: dysmenorrheas with primary infertility (p = 0,0201), with localization of endometrioid heterotopias in the pouch of Douglas (p = 0,0214) and sacro-uterine ligaments (p = 0,0259); in addition, a relationship was found between the symptom of chronic pelvic pain and the presence of endometrioid heterotopias in the uterovesical space (p = 0,0071) and on the sacro-uterine ligaments (p = 0,0228). Along with this, they have a combination of foci of adenomyosis with multiple myoma of the uterine body was noted (p = 0,0000). In patients with stage III EGE, only one statistically significant (p = 0,0139) contingency of clinical signs was revealed — dyspareunia and heterotopias on the sacro-uterine ligaments.
THE EMOTIONAL SPHERE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TENSION-TYPE HEADACHES
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Kiseleva А.А. , Maksimenko P.А. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University; City Children's Clinical Emergency Hospital, Sultanova А.N. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ioanidi D.К. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University
Published: September 2021

Aim: to assess the asthenia and depression level in children with tension-type headaches (TTH), and their social role in the bullying structure of the school class. Results and discussion: in the social relations context, it was revealed that adolescents with TTH most often have such types of accentuations as emotiveness (17,25 ± 2,12) and hyperthymicity (16,12 ± 4,51). Besides, the adolescents have subdepression with a predominance of such symptoms as ineffectiveness at school and their own ineffectiveness. The mean score for depression was 61,22 ± 12,36. A low level of asthenia was revealed (53,78 ± 7,08), the level of depression was above average (61,22 ± 12,36). In the bullying structure of the class, the use of the role of the defender is often noted (9,22 ± 2,33), the responses characteristic of the initiators of the bullying are least often chosen (4,11 ± 2,67). Conclusion: despite of the fact that children suffer from TTH, they want to remain active members of society, show goodwill towards their team, and are not prone to aggression; they cannot always assess their positive qualities objectively, which is why they can be dissatisfied with themselves, have an intrapersonal conflict in view of the prevalence of the Ideal Self over the Real Self, and also tend to form an accentuated personality with emotive and hyperthymic features.