bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV AIDS Sebagai Faktor Fasakh Nikah Dalam Perspektif Fiqh Syāfi’iyah
Authors: Abdul Hamid Ilham
Published: September 2023

HIV AIDS merupakan penyakit yang sangat berbahaya, menjijikkan dan menular, namun apakah kekurangan ini dapat digolongkan sebagai salah satu aib yang membolehkan Fasakh nikah atau pun tidak, kiranya hal ini perlu diperjelas kepastian hukumnya untuk menjadi petunjuk bagi para penderita penyakit virus HIV AIDS. Adapun fokus kajian dalam penelitian ini ada dua poin yaitu bagaimanakah Ketentuan Aib Penyakit Yang Membolehkan Fasakh Nikah Dalam Perspektif Fiqh Syāfi’iyyah? dan bagaimanakah Hukum HIV AIDS Sebagai Faktor Fasakh Nikah Dalam Perspektif Fiqh Syāfi’iyyah?. Sebagai hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam Fiqh Syāfi’iyyah aib penyakit yang membolehkan Fasakh nikah adalah yang berdampak menjijikkan dan dapat menular kepada pasangan, anak maupun orang lain yang berada di dekatnya, sehingga menghalangi kepuasan dalam hubungan suami istri, berdasarkan dampak negatif ini lah HIV AIDS dapat juga dijadikan alasan dalam pembatalan atau Fasakh nikah, dikarenakan dampak negatif bahayanya tidak berbeda dari aib penyakit-penyakit yang telah ditetapkan sebagai sebab Fasakh nikah dalam fiqh klasik Syāfi’iyyah. Namun baru dapat dijadikan sebagai aib yang membolehkan Fasakh nikah harus sudah dinyatakan positif, bukan hanya baru gejala saja dan sudah sampai HIV stadium lanjut AIDS.
KONSEPTUAL FITNAH PEREMPUAN
Authors: HB Zahrul Mubarrak , Hanafiah Mazani
Published: September 2023

Fitnah sering sekali dijadikan 'illah atau alasan dari penetapan hukum bagi perempuan. Namun, dalam teks agama terkadang berbeda dalam pemaknaan fitnah ini, pemaknaan fitnah sangat dipengaruhi oleh idhafah atau sandaran kata fitnah. Penelitian ini dengan mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fitnah perempuan agar tidak ambigu dalam pemaknaannya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan jawaban dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa fitnah perempuan dapat ditinjau daru dua segi, pertama melihat dari segi pengertian secara bahasa, ini ada dua pengertian: Makna leksikal fitnah perempuan adalah perempuan menjadi cobaan atau ujian bagi laki-laki, makna gramatikal ialah perempuan bisa mengantarkan laki-laki kepada berani berbuat dosa karena perempuan. Kedua dengan melihat makna fitnah perempuan yang dipengaruhi oleh sosial kehidupan masyarakat atau fitnah perempuan menurut definisi sosial yaitu tingkatan dosa yang berani dilakukan oleh laki-laki demi perempuan. Dalam definisi sosial ini, fitnah perempuan bisa diklasifikasikan kepada dua, pertama, secara umum ialah perempuan sebagai subjek ujian bagi laki-laki. Kedua secara lebih spesifik perempuan bisa merangsang laki-laki dimulai dari hanya sebatas menikmati dengan pandangan atau melihatnya dengan syahwat, atau bisa menjerumuskan laki-laki kepada perbuatan zina.
FLEKSIBILITAS HUKUM FIQH DALAM MERESPONS PERUBAHAN ZAMAN
Authors: Taufiq Muhammad , Tgk. Syarkawi, M. Pem. I
Published: September 2023

Kajian ini penting dilakukan untuk menjelaskan tentang fleksibilitas hukum fiqh dalam merespons perubahan zaman. Dinamika ini dapat dipahami berdasarkan fenomena terjadi kebebasan dalam berekspresi pemikiran perkembangan fiqh dalam masyarakat saat ini. Fokus kajian ini yaitu batasan fleksibilitas hukum fiqh dalam merespons perubahan zaman dan penggunaan kaidah lā yunkaru taghayyur al-Ahkām bi taghayyur al- Azmān terhadap batasan fleksibilitas hukum fiqh dalam merespons perubahan itu. Fleksibilitas yang dimaksudkan dalam kajian ini yaitu kemampuan hukum fiqh dalam menyesuaikan diri terhadap perubahan dan perkembangan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya batasan dan ketegasan pada fleksibilitas fikih untuk menjaga kebebasan dan loyalitas dalam melakukan perubahan hukum setiap zaman. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Adapun data yang diperlukan berupa literatur-literatur yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan pemikiran fiqh. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yaitu content analisis terhadap sejumlah literatur yang diperlukan dalam kajian ini. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perubahan hukum mestilah memiliki lima batasan atau persyaratan, yaitu: Pertama, tidak bertentangan dengan nash syariat. Kedua, perubahan tersebut bersifat stabil atau sering, Ketiga, perubahan yang bersifat esensial. Keempat, memiliki keyakinan atau dugaan yang kuat. Kelima, selaras dengan maqashid al-syariah. sedangkan penggunaan kaidah lā yunkaru taghayyur al-ahkām bi taghayyur al- azmān hanyalah pada hukum-hukum yang memang terbangun melalui pondasi adat istiadat/urf dan hukum ijtihadi yang berdiri berlandaskan analogi dan maslahah. Jadi bukan semua hukum syariat dapat dianulir akibat pergeseran waktu maupun peredaran masa.
Kedudukan ‘Urf sebagai Sumber Hukum dalam Mazhab Syāfi’ī
Authors: Furqan Muhammad , Syahrial Syahrial
Published: September 2023

Banyak masyarakat membenarkan kebiasaan atau adat istiadat dengan berdalih kepada ‘urf. Akan tetapi, kebanyakan diantara mereka tidak mengerti atau paham terhadap pengertian ‘urf itu sendiri, relevankah ‘urf dengan ijtihad, kedudukan ‘urf dalam lintas mazhab fikih, khususnya kedudukan ‘urf dalam mazhab syafi’i. Beranjak dari problematika ini, penulis merasa perlu untuk melakukan kajian lebih lanjut terkait kedudukan ‘urf sebagai sumber hukum dalam mazhab Syāfi’ī. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan yang bersifat deskrpitif analisis yang memfokuskan pada kajian kedudukan ‘urf sebagai sumber hukum dalam mazhab Syāfi’ī. Adapun kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini: 1) 'Urf secara terminologi ialah sebuah perkara yang tersusun dari 4 unsur sebagai berikut: Pertama, adanya perkataan atau perbuatan yang diketahui oleh manusia. Kedua, Adanya pengulangan kejadian yang terjadi dari perkataan atau perbuatan tersebut. Ketiga, terjadinya perkataan atau perbuatan tersebut didasari oleh pemikiran dari akal yang sehat, Keempat, dapat diterima oleh tabiat yang normal. 2) Para ulama mazhab menyepakati bahwa ‘urf dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber hukum. Tidak ada salah satu di antara merka yang menolak ‘urf. Hanyasanya penerapannya saja yang berbeda-beda. Hal ini berdasarkan praktek yang mereka lakukan ketika mereka beistimbat menggali hukum Islam. 3) Sumber hukum pokok imam Syafi’i ialah Al-Qur’an, hadis, ijma, dan qiyas. Akan tetapi tidak berarti imam syafii menolak selain dari 4 sumber tersebut. Salah satu sumber hukum selain dari 4 tersebut yang Imam Syāfi’ī gunakan ialah ‘urf. Akan tetapi ‘urf bukanlah dalil yang istiqlal yang berdiri sendiri, melainkan ‘urf tersebut menjadi pengait, mukhassis atau syarat bagi nash-nash yang umum.
امنیت انسانی و دلایل توسعه نیافتگی آن در افغانستان
Authors: فاضلی میرزاحسین
Published: September 2023

«امنیت انسانی محافظت از هسته حیاتی همه افراد بشر در مقابل تهدیدات شایع است به نحوی که با شکوفایی و کمال بلند مدت آدمی سازگار باشد.» امنیت انسانی به معنی «رهایی از ترس و خشونت» اطلاق می‌گردد؛ ولی امروزه این مفهوم به صورت بسیار گسترده برای توصیف همه تهدیدها به‌کاربرده می‌شود؛ که این تهدیدها ممکن است بر اثر جنگ‌های بین دولت‌ها و یا جنگ‌های داخلی بوده باشد و ممکن است تهدیدها در قالب نسل‌کشی، قتل‌عام، بی‌خانمان شدن، خود را نشان دهند و یا در قالب ناکارآمدی نظام‌های سیاسی و اجتماعی، در تأمین نیازها اولیه شهروندان بروز و ظهور یابد. در اینکه امنیت انسانی در کشور افغانستان رشد نیافته است؛ کسی اختلاف نظر ندارد، کشوری که از در و دیوار آن فقط فقر می‌بارد و با کمترین گشت وگذار در شهرها و روستاها عمق فاجعه برای هر کسی آشکار می‌گردد. منتهی پرسشی اساسی که درین میان مطرح است این است که مقصر اصلی این همه فاجعه چه کسانی بوده و اصولاً راز و رمز توسعه نیافتگی امنیت انسانی در این کشور در چه اموری نهفته است؟ و این همان نکته اساسی است که این مقاله در صدد پاسخ دهی بدان است. روش اتخاذ شده درین تحقیق تحلیلی است. نتایج به دست آمده این است که وجود تفکر قوم محورانه دولت مردان در طول قرون متمادی، ناکار آمدی نظامها، فساد اداری، نادیده گرفتن آموزه‌های دینی، و قدرت طلبی دولت مردان؛ از عمده‌ترین دلایل توسعه نیافتگی امنیت انسانی در کشور بوده است.
بررسی رابطه مدیریت دانش و توانمندسازی نیروی انسانی در مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی ولایت هرات
Authors: صامت عزیزالله
Published: September 2023

ماهیت تحقیق حاضر از نوع کاربردی می‌باشد و ازدو روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی برای انجام تحقیق استفاده گردیده است. ابتدابه انجام مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای وبرسی مستندات پرداخته شده است. حاصل این مرحله طراحی مدل مفهومی تحقیق و سؤالات تحقیق بود. سپس سؤالات تحقیق از طریق توزیع پرسش‌نامه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. جامعه هدف دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی خصوصی ولایت هرات در کشور افغانستان می‌باشد که با توجه به معیارات نمونه‌گیری یک نمونه 29 نفری بصورت تصادفی انتخاب گردیدند و به پرسشنامه پاسخ ارائه نمودند. در بخش ادبیات تحقیق به بیان رابطه مدیریت دانش وتوانمندسازی نیروی انسانی از لحاظ تیوریکی و مدل مفهومی تحقیق پرداخته شده است که نمایانگر رابطه انکارناپذیر این دو متغیر با همدیگر بود. با سنجش کمی در تجزیه و تحلیل معلوم گردید که در محیط پژوهش این تحقیق 67.38% مدیریت دانش استقراریافته است. گرچه این فیصدی زیادهم مقبول نیست؛ اما درین سازمان‌های نو تولد شده غنیمتی است بس بزرگ که این فیصدی استقرار مدیریت دانش مؤلفه‌های یک فرد توانمند را طور اوسط در حدود 72% حمایت کرده است.
بررسی تأثیر رسانه اجتماعی بر ارزش ویژه برند با میانجیگری ابعاد قدرت دلبستگی برند
Authors: رحیمیان زینب
Published: September 2023

دلبستگی به برند، از چالش‌های مدیران بازاریابی برای ایجاد و حفظ پیوندی قوی و ماندگار با ارزش ویژه برند است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر رسانه اجتماعی بر ارزش ویژه برند با میانجی گری ابعاد قدرت دلبستگی برند دانشگاه خصوصی جامی در استان هرات صورت گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی است و به لحاظ روش اجرا، توصیفی و پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری شامل تمام دانشجویان تمام رشته‌های دانشگاه جامی هرات جامعة آماری این پژوهش در نظر گرفته شده‌اند که با توجه به برآورد اولیه از حجم جامعه، تقریباً برابر با 5971 نفر تقریب زده شد. روش نمونه گیری در پژوهش حاضر تصادفی طبقه‌ای می‌باشد. با توجه به حجم جامعه اماری که تعداد 5971 بود و با قرار دادن این عدد در فرمول کوکران، تعداد 360 نفر از دانشجویان مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از ابزار پرسشنامه دنیس و همکاران استفاده گردید. سپس کلیه فرضیه‌های مطرح شده با استفاده از تکنیک مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار smart pls مورد آزمون و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در نهایت نتایج نشان داد رسانه اجتماعی بر ارزش ویژه برند با میانجی گری ابعاد قدرت دلبستگی برند دانشگاه خصوصی جامی در استان هرات دارای تأثیر مثبت و معناداری است.
دریافت عوامل سببی پریتونیت حاد ثانوی و علت تأخیر مراجعه این مریضان
Authors: رسولی عبدالجلیل , برومند بسم‌الله
Published: September 2023

پریتونیت حاد ثانوی، التهاب حاد پریتوان است، که صفحه کلینیکی آن با اعراض وعلایم موضعی وعمومی باتشوشات عمیق وظایف ارگان‌ها و سیستم‌ها، همراه بوده واین پتالوژی یکی از اختلاطات سنگین امراض التهابی بخش‌های بطنی می‌باشد، ویا هم می‌تواند به تعقیب تثقب یکی از ارگان‌های مجوف بطنی، ترومای ارگان‌های بطنی ویا هم به تعقیب عملیات‌های بطنی تأسس نماید. جراحان درساحه عمل بااین پتالوژی کشنده مواجه می‌شوند، ودرافغانستان که هنوز خدمات صحی به گونه معیاری نظام مند نگردیده، وقوع تأسس این پتالوژی احتمال دارد بیشتر ازسایر نقاط کشورهای پیشرفته مشاهده گردد وعوامل خاصی در ایجاد آن نقش داشته باشند، دراین تحقیق کوشش به عمل آمده تا مجموع تعداد مریضانی که با تشخیص پریتونیت بین سالهای 2019 الی 2020 در شفاخانه حوزه وی ولایت هرات مراجعه نمودند وعملیات گردیدند تحت مطالعه قرار گیرند همچنان علت تأخیر در مراجعه این مریضان به وارد جراحی، سبب تأخیر در انجام عملیات جراحی، بامطالعه تاریخچه مریضی فعلی از زمان به وقوع پیوستن مریضی الی لاپراتومی دراین مریضان بررسی نمودیم، نوع پتالوژی که در تأسس پریتونی مریضان نقش داشته مشخص نمودیم. میزان مرگ ومیر این مریضان، مدت زمان بستری بودن این مریضان در شفاخانه، نوع تداوی با تفکیک مریضان نظر به سن و جنس، ازجمله موارد دیگری است که دراین تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. ازینرو خواستیم با شناخت عوامل سببی پریتونیت حاد ثانوی، علت تأخیرمراجعه این مریضان در بخش جراحی دریافت نماییم، همچنان اثر تأخیرمراجعه این مریضان را درانکشاف پتالوژی به سوی حالت منتشر مطالعه نماییم. براساس این مطالعات می‌توان طرح پیشنهادی راجهت تدابیر بهتر درمبارزه بااین مرض کشنده روی دست گرفت، همچنان بااخذ این تدابیر می‌توان میزان مرگ ومیر این مریضان را کاهش داد. باکوشش زیاد تحقیقاتی که این موضوع مهم رادر هرات موردارزیابی قرارداده باشد مشاهده ننمودیم، مراجعه مریضان پریتونیت حادثانوی منتشر در وارد جراحی شفاخانه حوزه وی ولایت هرات وکلینیک های خصوصی را که می‌توانند به دمرگ ومیر مواجه شوند نشان می‌دهند که پژوهش دراین زمینه اهمیت خاصی دارد وآگاهی ازنتایج چنین تحقیقی برای جراحان ماضروری است.
نگارش مقاله علمی تحقیقی در علوم طبی
Authors: رحیمی علی
Published: September 2023

نگارش مقاله علمی تحقیقاتی برای بسیاری از محققان و متخصصان جوان طب که اغلب فاقد آموزش خاص در ارائه مؤثر کار تحقیقاتی خود در قالب مکتوب هستند، کاری چالش برانگیز است. هدف این مقاله بررسی این موضوع با ارائه مروری جامع بر استانداردها و دستورالعمل‌های نگارش مقالات طبی بر اساس الزامات مجلات بین‌المللی است. اهمیت نشر مقالات در پیشرفت شغلی، کسب بودجه، کسب مدارک تحصیلی و تسهیل در اشتراک‌گذاری دانش مورد تاکید قرار گرفته است. این مقاله با اذعان به مشکلات پیش روی محققان طبی در نگارش مقالات علمی آغاز می‌شود و عدم آموزش در این زمینه را برجسته می‌کند. تمرکز مقاله بر ارائه مراحل ضروری در نگارش مقاله علمی طبی با رعایت استانداردهای بین المللی است. بخش‌های معمول در مقاله اصیل طبی شامل عنوان، چکیده، مقدمه، روش تحقیق، نتایج، بحث و منابع را شناسایی و توصیف کرده و عناصر کلیدی که باید در این بخش‌ها گنجانده شوند را شرح می‌دهد. علاوه‌بر‌این، راهنمایی برای افزایش جذابیت و مقبولیت کلی مقاله ارائه می‌دهد. این مقاله با ارائه مروری جامع بر استانداردها و دستورالعمل‌های نگارش مقالات طبی، بر آن است تا محققان و متخصصان جوان علوم طبی را به دانش و مهارت‌های لازم برای انتقال مؤثر یافته‌های تحقیقی خود به صورت مکتوب مجهز کند. این مطالعه مروری منبع ارزشمند برای نویسندگان مشتاقی است که به دنبال نگارش مقالات تحقیقاتی با کیفیت بالا هستند تا انتظارات و الزامات مجلات بین‌المللی را برآورده کنند.
بررسی مشخصات مریضان سوختگی برقی در بخش جراحی پلاستیک و سوختگی شفاخانه حوزوی هرات (1397-1400 ه. ش)
Authors: سعادت عبدالسمیع , رحیمی علی , شایان نثاراحمد , شایان شراره
Published: September 2023

پیشینه و هدف: سوختگی برقی در مقایسه با سایر انواع جراحات ناشی از سوختگی شیوع کمتری دارد، اما این نوع آسیب به دلیل عوارض و مرگ‌ومیر بالا، یکی از مخرب‌ترین آسیب‌ها محسوب می‌شود. درک الگوی اپیدمیولوژیک سوختگی‌های برقی به تعیین عوامل کمک‌کننده منجر به این نوع آسیب کمک می‌کند. مطالعات اپیدمیولوژیک در مورد سوختگی برقی در افغانستان بسیار نادر است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اپیدمیولوژیک موارد سوختگی برقی در مرکز جراحی پلاستیک شهر هرات می‌باشد.

روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه توصیفی که از اول حمل 1397 تا آخر جدی 1400 در شفاخانه حوزوی هرات صورت گرفته است، اطلاعات فردی اجتماعی، علت، درصد سوختگی و سایر اقدامات مربوط به آسیب سوختگی برقی 75 مریض تحت تداوی جمع‌آوری و مورد تحلیل قرارگرفته است.

یافته‌ها: یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهند که بیش‌ترین وقوعات سوختگی در گروه سنی 20 تا 30 سال (32.0٪) و مرد‌ان (73.3٪) اتفاق افتاده است. حدود یک‌سوم سوختگی‌ها (31.0٪) در دست راست اتفاق افتاده، در 38.7٪ موارد سوختگی‌ها کمتر از 5٪ بوده است و 34.7٪ سوختگی‌ها در فصل زمستان رخ‌داده است. مهم‌ترین روش عملیاتی فاشیوتومی (31.2٪) بوده است. یک مورد آمپوتیش و یک مورد مرگ‌ومیر نیز در طی بررسی مشاهده شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه تأکید بر شیوع سوختگی در رده‌های سنی و جنسی خاص دارد. قربانیان سوختگی برقی را بیشتر مردان تشکیل می‌دهند. آموزش مردم در مورد خطرات ناشی از استفاده نادرست از وسایل و ابزار برقی مفید بوده می‌تواند. انجام مطالعات وسیع‌تر در سطح کشور برای تعیین دقیق‌تر وقوعات و اختلاطات سوختگی بسیار ضروری می‌باشد.
Reclaiming the Right to Play in the Googleburg Galaxy
Authors: Gennaro Steve
Published: September 2023

This essay explores the concept of reclaiming democracy in the Googleburg Galaxy by emphasizing the need to separate from our current relationship with mediated technologies. It argues that digital spaces should be activated as public spheres, third spaces, counter-publics, and sites of contestation. The essay emphasizes the importance of participatory democracy, which requires freedom of assembly, thought, speech, play, and choices for individuals to be active agents in their lives. It discusses the intertwined nature of democracy and capitalism and highlights the role of critical media literacy in navigating mediated spaces. The essay also examines young people’s occupation of digital spaces and social media, focusing on the impact of language and the importance of diverse stories and representation. It discusses the need for a free press in guaranteeing the protection of democratic rights and critiques Habermas’ notion of the public sphere. The essay calls for reconfiguring the Googleburg Galaxy through third spaces and counter-publics and emphasizes the role of play, storytelling, and critical media literacy in reclaiming democracy. It explores the impact of COVID-19 on digital spaces and the need for alternative spaces, politics, and pedagogies. The essay concludes by highlighting the role of play as a subversive tool for reclaiming democracy and the importance of children’s rights in digital spaces.
An Absentological Analysis of the Trace: Pre-Cambrian Arche-Writing, and Jacques Derrida’s Realism
Authors: Horvath Mark , Lovasz Adam
Published: September 2023

The first trace-fossil in the history of terrestrial life dates to the pre-Cambrian era. Left by an unknown species around 542 million years ago, Treptichnus are fossilized mud burrows, remaining as a geological testament to the early stages of complex life on Earth. Because of the impossibility of any empirical knowledge relating to these unfossilizable creatures, which presumably lacked a skeletal structure, any philosophical treatment of this paleobiological matter of fact must necessarily engage in speculation. Absentology as a speculative epistemontological register allows us to conceptualize these strange burrows as a key event. Following Jacques Derrida’s concept of"arche-writing", our essay presents an absentological reading of the forever unknowable unfossilized animal species. Arche-writing for Derrida is an abstract mode of writing that precedes speech and actual written language, hence this constitutes a concept that can be used for prelinguistic modes of expression. The trace fossils left by these unknown creatures constitute a type of prewriting, as well as the dawn of work, representing a crucial step in the evolution of complex life on this planet. A fossil that is not the animal itself, but rather a trace referring to an unknown organic singularity, this is the absent scene of arche-writing. A more realist Derrida emerges from this encounter, for whom extra-textual elements are even more relevant than explicit language.
Formation and Development of Digital Society 5.0
Authors: Voronkova Valentyna , Metelenko Natalya , Nikitenko Vìtalina , Kyvliuk Olga , Oleksenko Roman
Published: September 2023

The relevance of this research lies in the fact that in the context of the development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, deep and systemic transformations are taking place, which act as the driving forces for changing paradigms (concepts, models, theories), which give rise to new megatrends of the digitized society, called digital. The fourth industrial revolution influenced the rapid development of the digital society, caused by deep transformation, fundamental technological changes and their social impact on culture, economy, politics, man, his consciousness and worldview. The formation and development of digital technologies, as a factor in the implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, today include a set of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of sustainable digital development, which requires the development of strategies and the selection of priorities that embrace large-scale digital technologies as the basis of a breakthrough in the technological industry. The object of research is the paradigm of digital society 5.0 as a complex social, cultural and economic phenomenon. The subject of research is the evolution of the digital paradigm of the economy, society and man in the direction of society 5.0
Why People Obey or Do Not Obey the Law
Authors: Finckenauer James
Published: September 2023

Underlying the myriad discussions and debates about the rule-of-law, and about law-abidingness, violating the law, law enforcement, law and order, unjust laws, legal obligations, etc., are certain assumptions about what is “the law” and whence it is derived. Addressing these issues at the outset seems not only appropriate, but important, in trying to understand why people obey the law or not. For purposes of this discussion, we will deal mainly with criminal law as the focus.
The Identity of the Modern Human as a Problem Of Social and Humanitarian Knowledge
Authors: Palahuta Vadym
Published: September 2023

The article examines the problem of subjectivity and identity formation, the specifics of individual and collective identity research. It is noted that the study of subjectivity, "I" (self), which is the source of the formation of individual identity, actualizes the study of this problem in many social and humanitarian sciences. It has been established that in a broad interdisciplinary context, it is a search for an effective methodological toolkit for determining the dynamic matrix of subjectivity, which is constantly changing in the modern globalized society. In the context of the study of the phenomenon of subjectivity and identity, the socio-psychological theory - the theory of traits, the theory of roles and the humanistic theory - is briefly considered. It was found that all these theories cannot adequately investigate the subject's identity, the possibility of using E. Erikson's identity theory and the direction of social constructionism, where human subjectivity is constructed here and now in relations with other people using speech practices of discourse, was analyzed . It was determined that the discourse in the understanding of social constructionists is a kind of material basis of the practices of social construction of reality, thanks to which the "I"-construction of subjectivity is constructed.
Phenomena of the Mind Related to Human Perception and Representations
Authors: Maltsev Oleg
Published: September 2023

Current scientific intelligence represents a compilation of research findings and the outcomes of practical experiments conducted by Academician Maltsev between 2022 and 2023. The pri­mary objective is to delve into the underlying causes and essence of phenomena of the mind that play a pivotal role in determining the effectiveness of one’s efforts towards achieving meaningful outcomes and professional development. Within the research framework, the sport discipline under scrutiny is skeet shooting, selected for its capacity to serve as a high-quality arena for practical experimental models. This article is dedicated to exploring various facets of the human mind, particularly in relation to perception and its interpretation of phenomena, objects, subjects, events, and incidents. These processes directly influence the sequencing of result attainment and the overall qual­ity of an individual’s social realization. In the subsequent discussion, we will delve into the paramount role and significance of these mind phenomena in decision-making, training, and the practical application of existing skills and knowledge.
Media Culture, Politics, and Society
Authors: Kellner Douglas
Published: September 2023

From the 1960s to the present, media culture in the United States has been a battleground between competing social groups with some artifacts advancing liberal or radical posi­tions and others conservative ones. Likewise, some artifacts of media culture promote progressive positions and representations of gender, sexual preference, race or ethnicity, while others articulate reactionary forms of racism, sexism, homophobia, and rightwing values and beliefs, thus many films articulate a contradictory matrix of liberal, radical, and reactionary representations, discourses, and narratives. In this article, I argue that media culture can provide important insights into the psychological, socio-political, and ideological make-up of U.S. society at a given point in history. Reading culture diagnos­tically allows one to gain insights into social problems and conflicts, and to appraise the dominant ideologies and emergent oppositional forces. This approach thus involves a dialectic of text and context, using texts to read social realities and context to help situate and interpret key artifacts of media culture in the 21 st century.
Focus on Indonesia: Reconstructing Cultural Contents in English Language Teaching Materials
Authors: Arta Berli
Published: September 2023

It is undeniable that language and culture are formed and shaped in the way they influence each other. This fact is really important to understand how cultural contents play their roles in English Language Teaching and Learning. Currently, there have been more diverse contested cultural contents in language learning, especially in Indonesian contexts as cultural understanding of English-speaking countries, local norms, and other countries can be opposite each other. However, to optimize learning outcome, those cultures above should be equally understood to enable language learners can fully understand how the language is used in particular contexts. This complex discussion about the cultural contents is presented in this article along with prominent arguments of reconstructing the learning contents by considering three main aspects in which English is constructed in English-speaking countries, taught in Indonesia, and used as medium of communication in South East Asia.
The Problems Of Pre-Reading Instruction In Thematic Learning At Grade 2 SDN 09 Bandar Buat, Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan, Padang
Authors: Rahmelda Desri , Fitri Windi Idil , Susanti Reka
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the problems of early reading in thematic learning in class II at SDN 09 Bandar Create, Lubuk Kilangan District, Padang. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The subjects of this research are class II teachers and students. This research was conducted at SDN 09 Bandar Create, Lubuk Kilangan District, Padang in June 2022. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that in applying good reading learning outcomes to students, the teacher could apply thematic learning in students' reading problems, doing a preparation and planning. In the planning, among others, the first to look at the students' reading ability and determine the learning objectives to be implemented. Second, the teacher uses thematic reading teaching materials to guide students in learning to read. The three teachers use the media to guide students in reading activities
CODE-SWITCHING BY CINTA LAURA IN YOU-TUBE CHANNEL NGOBROL SORE SEMAUNYA
Authors: NurniKhairita Martiya , Panobiyasari Liza
Published: September 2023

Language serves as a tool for expressing one's identity within a community or group in addition to serving as a means of communication. Some members of multilingual speech communities may be bilingual or speak more than two languages. An individual who speaks in two languages fluently is considered to code-switch when communicating with others. This study aims to find the type and function of code switching used by Cinta Laura based on YouTube video Ngobrol Sore Semaunya. This research is qualitative research and the theoretical frameworks applied in the study are Poplack’s (1980) three types of code-switching and Appel and Muysken’s (2006) six functions of code-switching. The result shows that there are three types of code switching found, namely inter-sentential code switching, tag switching, and intra-sentential code switching. In addition, there are several functions of code switching which performed by Cinta Laura, namely referential function, expressive function, phatic, metalinguistic, and the last is poetic function
The Effect of Know What Learn (KWL) Strategy to Improve Students’ Reading Comprehension in Descriptive Text at Tenth Grade SMAN Negeri 8 Tebo
Authors: Auladiyah Robiatul , Nurni Khairita Martiya , Widia Nanda Dodi
Published: September 2023

Reading comprehension is a reading activity to absorb information from the reading material and understand or know the implied meaning and meaning of the reading so that it can be conveyed properly to the reader. The research aims to find out the effect of KWL strategy to improve students’ reading comprehension. This research used quantitative. Reading test was used as the instrument to taken the data. This research used two classes which is experimental class and control class. There were 14 students who registered in control class and 14 students in experiment class. The result showed the students’ mean score in the post-test of the experimental class and control class, the mean score in the post-test of the experimental class was 68.29  and the mean score in the post-test of the control class was 47.93. T-test was used to answer the research question and conducted in both the experimental class and control class by used IBM SPSS 20. The result of T-test showed that the significance paired samples T-test is 0.000<0.05, which mean H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it is concluded that there is a significant effect of using KWL strategy to improve students’ reading comprehension.
The Problem of Independent Curriculum's Application in the students of Grade 1 at SDN 04 Pasar Ambacang, Padang
Authors: Rizky Fadhilah Jihan , Syaida Oktira Yona , Andri Putra Dion
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the implementation and problems of the independent curriculum for grade 1 students at SDN 04 Pasar Ambacang, Padang city. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This research was conducted at SDN 04 Pasar Ambacang, Padang city in July 2022. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that the implementation of the independent curriculum at SDN 04 Pasar Ambacang had been applied to students in grades 1, where currently the teacher's guidelines for implementation are student textbooks and independent curriculum manuals. In its implementation there are several obstacles in the form of adjusting the application of the independent curriculum which is sometimes still mixed with the previous curriculum, Lack of references in the application of the independent curriculum, Lack of teacher experience on the concept of independent learning. The solution in overcoming these problems certainly requires cooperation from various parties, especially the government as a policy maker, namely by providing training for teachers, and habituation of independent curriculum learning so that it can run according to its focus and objectives.
Shadow area growth with increasing of charge and angular momentum in the Kerr-Newman metric with irreducible mass
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: September 2023

The standard form of the Kerr-Newman (KN) metric contains the total mass of a charged rotating source, which includes the mass of the neutral non-rotating source (the "irreducible" mass), as well as the mass equivalents of the rotational and electric field energies. According to the Christodolou-Ruffini mass formula, at a constant irreducible mass, the total mass increases with increasing angular momentum and charge. However, ignoring this fact, at studying the dependence of the effects of gravity on parameters, the total mass was assumed to be constant with varying angular momentum and/or charge, and this error led to physically absurd results, as if an increase in charge and/or angular momentum, by increasing the energy of the source, weakens the effects of gravity. Recently, the author introduced the concept of metrics with independent parameters and formulated a new method for describing the effects of gravity based on it, leading to physically correct results (Z. Zakir 2022). The KN metric was also expressed through independent parameters, in particular through the irreducible mass, independent of charge and angular momentum (Z. Zakir 2023). It was shown that in the KN metric with irreducible mass, an increase in charge and angular momentum does not weaken the effects of gravity, as was previously accepted, but, on the contrary, enhances all these effects, as it should be when the source energy increases. This letter presents results for the shadow in the KN metric with irreducible mass. In the figures 9 shadow contours with three values of each of parameters are presented. It is shown that, as for other gravity effects, an increase in charge and/or angular momentum, increasing the source’s gravity, enhances this effect also, which is expressed in an increase in the shadow area.
Ranitidine Use and Incident Cancer in a Multinational Cohort
Authors: You Seng Chan , Seo Seung In , Falconer Thomas , Yanover Chen , Duarte-Salles Talita , Seager Sarah , Posada Jose D. , Shah Nigam H. , Nguyen Phung-Anh , Kim Yeesuk , Hsu Jason C. , Van Zandt Mui , Hsu Min-Huei , Lee Hang Lak , Ko Heejoo , Shin Woon Geon , Pratt Nicole , Park Rae Woong , Reich Christin G. , Suchard Marc A. , Hripcsak George , Park Chan Hyuk , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel
Published: September 2023

Importance

Ranitidine, the most widely used histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), was withdrawn because of N-nitrosodimethylamine impurity in 2020. Given the worldwide exposure to this drug, the potential risk of cancer development associated with the intake of known carcinogens is an important epidemiological concern.

Objective

To examine the comparative risk of cancer associated with the use of ranitidine vs other H2RAs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This new-user active comparator international network cohort study was conducted using 3 health claims and 9 electronic health record databases from the US, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, France, South Korea, and Taiwan. Large-scale propensity score (PS) matching was used to minimize confounding of the observed covariates with negative control outcomes. Empirical calibration was performed to account for unobserved confounding. All databases were mapped to a common data model. Database-specific estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. Participants included individuals aged at least 20 years with no history of cancer who used H2RAs for more than 30 days from January 1986 to December 2020, with a 1-year washout period. Data were analyzed from April to September 2021.

Exposure

The main exposure was use of ranitidine vs other H2RAs (famotidine, lafutidine, nizatidine, and roxatidine).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was incidence of any cancer, except nonmelanoma skin cancer. Secondary outcomes included all cancer except thyroid cancer, 16 cancer subtypes, and all-cause mortality.

Results

Among 1 183 999 individuals in 11 databases, 909 168 individuals (mean age, 56.1 years; 507 316 [55.8%] women) were identified as new users of ranitidine, and 274 831 individuals (mean age, 58.0 years; 145 935 [53.1%] women) were identified as new users of other H2RAs. Crude incidence rates of cancer were 14.30 events per 1000 person-years (PYs) in ranitidine users and 15.03 events per 1000 PYs among other H2RA users. After PS matching, cancer risk was similar in ranitidine compared with other H2RA users (incidence, 15.92 events per 1000 PYs vs 15.65 events per 1000 PYs; calibrated meta-analytic hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97-1.12). No significant associations were found between ranitidine use and any secondary outcomes after calibration.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, ranitidine use was not associated with an increased risk of cancer compared with the use of other H2RAs. Further research is needed on the long-term association of ranitidine with cancer development.
Co‐based Nanozymatic Profiling: Advances Spanning Chemistry, Biomedical, and Environmental Sciences
Authors: Li Jingqi , Cai Xinda , Jiang Peng , Wang Huayuan , Zhang Shiwei , Sun Tiedong , Chen Chunxia , Fan Kelong
Published: September 2023

Nanozymes, next‐generation enzyme‐mimicking nanomaterials, have entered an era of rational design; among them, Co‐based nanozymes have emerged as captivating players over times. Co‐based nanozymes have been developed and have garnered significant attention over the past five years. Their extraordinary properties, including regulatable enzymatic activity, stability, and multifunctionality stemming from magnetic properties, photothermal conversion effects, cavitation effects, and relaxation efficiency, have made Co‐based nanozymes a rising star. This review presents the first comprehensive profiling of the Co‐based nanozymes in the chemistry, biology, and environmental sciences. The review begins by scrutinizing the various synthetic methods employed for Co‐based nanozyme fabrication, such as template and sol‐gel methods, highlighting their distinctive merits from a chemical standpoint. Furthermore, a detailed exploration of their wide‐ranging applications in biosensing and biomedical therapeutics, as well as their contributions to environmental monitoring and remediation is provided. Notably, drawing inspiration from state‐of‐the‐art techniques such as omics, a comprehensive analysis of Co‐based nanozymes is undertaken, employing analogous statistical methodologies to provide valuable guidance. To conclude, a comprehensive outlook on the challenges and prospects for Co‐based nanozymes is presented, spanning from microscopic physicochemical mechanisms to macroscopic clinical translational applications.
Reliability of field‐ and laboratory‐based assessments of health‐related fitness in preschool‐aged children
Authors: King‐Dowling Sara , Fortnum Kathryn , Chirico Daniele , Le Tuyen , Kwan Matthew Y. W. , Timmons Brian W. , Cairney John
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Reliable measurements of health‐related fitness—cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, body composition, and flexibility—are imperative for understanding and tracking health‐related fitness from the preschool age. This study aimed to examine the test–retest reliability of field‐based (i.e., sit and reach [standard and back‐saver], standing long jump, grip strength); and laboratory‐based (i.e., Bruce Protocol Treadmill Test, Wingate Anaerobic Test) assessments of health‐related fitness in preschool aged children (4–5 years).

Methods

Forty‐two typically developing children participated in both assessment time points separated by 2–3 weeks. All fitness assessments were administered individually and repeated in the same order by the same assessor. Heteroscedasticity was examined for each parameter. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess test–retest reliability.

Results

All parameters were homoscedastic. Test–retest reliability for the field‐based tests and Bruce Protocol Treadmill Test parameters were moderate to good. Test–retest reliability for the Wingate Test parameters were good to excellent for maximum pedal rate, peak power, and peak power/kg; mean power and fatigue measured at 10 and 30 s demonstrated moderate to excellent test–retest reliability.

Conclusion

The standard sit and reach, grip strength, and short‐term muscle power from the Wingate test are reliable assessments of health‐related fitness in preschool‐aged children.
Covariation between the shape and mineralized tissues of the rib cross section in Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes and Sts 14
Authors: López‐Rey José M. , Cambra‐Moo Óscar , González Martín Armando , Candelas González Nieves , Sánchez‐Andrés Ángeles , Tawane Mirriam , Cazenave Marine , Williams Scott A. , Bastir Markus , García‐Martínez Daniel
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Studying rib torsion is crucial for understanding the evolution of the hominid ribcage. Interestingly, there are variables of the rib cross section that could be associated with rib torsion and, consequently, with the morphology of the thorax. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative study of the shape and mineralized tissues of the rib cross section in different hominids to test for significant differences and, if possible, associate them to different thoracic morphotypes.

Materials and Methods

The sample consists of the rib cross sections at the midshaft taken from 10 Homo sapiens and 10 Pan troglodytes adult individuals, as well as from A. africanus Sts 14. The shape of these rib cross sections was quantified using geometric morphometrics, while the mineralized tissues were evaluated using the compartmentalization index. Subsequently, covariation between both parameters was tested by a Spearman's ρ test, a permutation test and a linear regression.

Results

Generally, P. troglodytes individuals exhibit rib cross sections that are rounder and more mineralized compared to those of H. sapiens. However, the covariation between both parameters was only observed in typical ribs (levels 3–10). Although covariation was not found in the rib cross sections of Sts 14, their parameters are closer to P. troglodytes.

Discussion

On the one hand, the differences observed in the rib cross sections between H. sapiens and P. troglodytes might be related to different degrees of rib torsion and, consequently, to different thoracic 3D configurations. These findings can be functionally explained by considering their distinct modes of breathing and locomotion. On the other hand, although the rib cross sections belonging to Sts 14 are more similar to those of P. troglodytes, previous publications determined that their overall morphology is closer to modern humans. This discrepancy could reflect a diversity of post‐cranial adaptations in Australopithecus.
A Case of Very Early‐Onset Crohn's Disease Presenting With Intractable Stomatitis and Cheilitis as Its Major Signs
Authors: Saitoh Issei , Kurosawa Mie , Nagai Haruka , Fujii Toru , Aoyagi You , Nakakura‐Ohshima Kuniko , Iwase Yoko , Hayasaki Haruaki , Shirakawa Tetsuo
Published: September 2023

Background

Oral inflammatory lesions assist in the diagnosis of certain systemic diseases that primarily affect other organs.

Methods

A young girl, 3 years and 3 months old, presented with aphthous stomatitis, upper lip cheilitis, and swelling and bleeding of the upper gingiva. She had a medical history of repeated fever, skin tag of the anus, and constipation. Thus, it was suspected that her disease is a systemic disease with digestive symptoms. From clinical manifestation and endoscopy findings containing aphthoid ulcers in the bowel, she was diagnosed with very early‐onset Crohn's disease (CD). Immediately, mesalazine was started.

Results

After 1 month, the oral symptoms were dramatically improved, and her general condition stabilized.

Conclusions

Oral symptoms often precede the appearance of gastrointestinal lesions in young CD patients, and oral conditions worsen if the disease remains untreated. Thus, assessment of patients with intractable stomatitis from the viewpoint of CD may aid in rapid diagnosis and better prognosis.
17‐Year Follow‐Up of Ridge Augmentation in a Patient With Linear Scleroderma: A Novel Case Report
Authors: Goldberg David A. , Pinn Marvin , Goldberg Adam S.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with connective tissue changes and fibrosis, which often includes oral manifestations. Involvement of the oral mucosa results in gingival recession, loss of alveolar housing, root resorption, gross mobility, and other deleterious side effects. Therefore, patients may require extensive restorative care, but pathology can often prevent optimal delivery.

Case Presentation

The following case presents a patient with localized scleroderma requiring a ridge augmentation for the placement of a fixed partial denture. Following the disease diagnosis and treatment planning, the patient received local subcutaneous injections of 25 mg‐methotrexate to halt disease progression. Given the success of the prophylaxis, the patient underwent three extractions followed by two surgical augmentation procedures, including the placement of xenographic bovine matrix and an overlying connective tissue graft. Healing occurred within normal limits, allowing the successful delivery of a permanent prosthesis.

Conclusions

This case presentation is the first to our knowledge to document successful soft tissue ridge augmentation in a patient with localized scleroderma in order to place a fixed bridge; thereby, documenting the feasibility of esthetically restoring patients presenting with said systemic disease. The case uniquely illustrates identification of a rare connective tissue disease that saw successful treatment outcomes due to proper diagnosis, disease management, interprofessional collaboration, and advanced treatment planning.
Anomalous right coronary artery originating from the opposite sinus of Valsalva: Fractional flow reserve and intravascular ultrasound‐guided management
Authors: Singh Arushi , Donnino Robert , Small Adam , Bangalore Sripal
Published: September 2023

There remains significant controversy in the risk stratification and management of patients with anomalous right coronary artery originating from the opposite sinus (R‐ACAOS). We present the case of a patient with an inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, found to have R‐ACAOS and severe atherosclerotic right coronary artery disease, treated with fractional flow reserve and intravascular ultrasound‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention.
Enhancement of Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Photophysical Properties in Water by Sulfonatocalix[4]arene‐Based Micelles
Authors: Ezquerra Riega Sergio D. , Cammarata Agostina , Marino Julieta , Roguin Leonor P. , Glisoni Romina J. , Lantaño Beatriz
Published: September 2023

Zinc phthalocyanines have demonstrated a wide range of applications as photosensitisers, particularly in organic synthesis, photocatalysis and photodynamic therapy. Although the introduction of ionic groups on the macrocycle periphery increases their water solubility, aggregation phenomena remain as a significant drawback for their application. In this study, amphiphilic sulfonatocalix[4]arene‐based micelles were used to promote the monomerization of a cationic phthalocyanine through host–guest interactions. A comprehensive spectroscopic characterization was conducted, varying the concentration of sulfonatocalix[4]arene, and binding parameters were calculated to determine the optimal conditions for complete monomerization of the photosensitizer in water. Under these conditions, the combination of sulfonatocalix[4]arene and the photosensitizer activated its photophysical activity in aqueous media, showing significant singlet oxygen photoproduction, photocatalytic capability and photostability.
Synthesis of 4′‐Thiomodified c‐di‐AMP Analogs
Authors: Saito‐Tarashima Noriko , Kagotani Yuma , Inoue Syuya , Kinoshita Mao , Minakawa Noriaki
Published: September 2023

Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) is a bacterial cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) comprising two adenosine monophosphates covalently linked by two 3′,5′‐phosphodiester bonds. c‐di‐AMP works as a second messenger, regulating many biological processes in bacteria such as cell wall homeostasis, DNA integrity, and sporulation via specific protein and/or RNA receptors. Moreover, c‐di‐AMP can function as an immunomodulatory agent in eukaryote cells via the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway.

This protocol describes the chemical synthesis of two c‐di‐AMP analogs with a sulfur atom at the 4′‐position of the furanose ring instead of an oxygen atom: c‐di‐4′‐thioAMP (1) and cAMP‐4′‐thioAMP (2). Analogs 1 and 2 have resistance to phosphodiesterase‐mediated degradation and are therefore useful for understanding the diverse biological phenomena regulated by c‐di‐AMP. In this protocol, two 4′‐thioadenosine monomers are initially prepared via a Pummerer‐like reaction assisted by hypervalent iodine. The CDN skeleton is then constructed through two key reactions based on phosphoramidite chemistry: dimerization of two appropriately protected nucleoside monomers to produce a linear dinucleotide, followed by macrocyclization of the resulting linear dinucleotide to form the CDN skeleton. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 4′‐thioadenosine monomers 13 and 14

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of c‐di‐4′‐thioAMP (1) and cAMP‐4′‐thioAMP (2)