bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Digital Health Experience for Patients in Primary Care: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Choy Melinda Ada , O'Brien Kathleen , Barnes Katelyn , Sturgiss Elizabeth Ann , Rieger Elizabeth , Douglas Kirsty
Published: April 2024

Background

The digital health divide for socioeconomic disadvantage describes a pattern in which patients considered socioeconomically disadvantaged, who are already marginalized through reduced access to face-to-face health care, are additionally hindered through less access to patient-initiated digital health. A comprehensive understanding of how patients with socioeconomic disadvantage access and experience digital health is essential for improving the digital health divide. Primary care patients, especially those with chronic disease, have experience of the stages of initial help seeking and self-management of their health, which renders them a key demographic for research on patient-initiated digital health access.

Objective

This study aims to provide comprehensive primary mixed methods data on the patient experience of barriers to digital health access, with a focus on the digital health divide.

Methods

We applied an exploratory mixed methods design to ensure that our survey was primarily shaped by the experiences of our interviewees. First, we qualitatively explored the experience of digital health for 19 patients with socioeconomic disadvantage and chronic disease and second, we quantitatively measured some of these findings by designing and administering a survey to 487 Australian general practice patients from 24 general practices.

Results

In our qualitative first phase, the key barriers found to accessing digital health included (1) strong patient preference for human-based health services; (2) low trust in digital health services; (3) high financial costs of necessary tools, maintenance, and repairs; (4) poor publicly available internet access options; (5) reduced capacity to engage due to increased life pressures; and (6) low self-efficacy and confidence in using digital health. In our quantitative second phase, 31% (151/487) of the survey participants were found to have never used a form of digital health, while 10.7% (52/487) were low- to medium-frequency users and 48.5% (236/487) were high-frequency users. High-frequency users were more likely to be interested in digital health and had higher self-efficacy. Low-frequency users were more likely to report difficulty affording the financial costs needed for digital access.

Conclusions

While general digital interest, financial cost, and digital health literacy and empowerment are clear factors in digital health access in a broad primary care population, the digital health divide is also facilitated in part by a stepped series of complex and cumulative barriers. Genuinely improving digital health access for 1 cohort or even 1 person requires a series of multiple different interventions tailored to specific sequential barriers. Within primary care, patient-centered care that continues to recognize the complex individual needs of, and barriers facing, each patient should be part of addressing the digital health divide.
Preference-Based Implementation of Video Consultations in Urban and Rural Regions in Outpatient Care in Germany: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kleinschmidt Lara , Walendzik Anke , Wasem Jürgen , Höfer Klemens , Nauendorf Beatrice , Brittner Matthias , Brandenburg Paul , Aeustergerling André , Schneider Udo , Wadeck Anja , Sehlen Stephanie , Liersch Sebastian , Schwarze Katharina , Schwenke Carsten , Hüer Theresa
Published: April 2024

Background

Particularly in rural regions, factors such as lower physician density and long travel distances complicate adequate outpatient care. However, urban regions can also be affected by deficits in care, for example, long waiting times. One model of care intending to improve the situation is the implementation of video consultations. The study protocol presents the methodology of the research project titled “Preference-based implementation of the video consultation in urban and rural regions” funded by the German Federal Joint Committee (funding number 01VSF20011).

Objective

This study aims to identify existing barriers to the use of video consultation and the preferences of insured individuals and physicians as well as psychotherapists in order to optimize its design and thus increase acceptance and use of video consultations in urban and rural regions.

Methods

Built on a mixed methods approach, this study first assesses the status quo of video consultation use through claims data analysis and carries out a systematic literature review on barriers and promoting factors for the use of video consultations. Based on this preliminary work, focus groups are conducted in order to prepare surveys with insureds as well as physicians and psychotherapists in the second study phase. The central element of the survey is the implementation of discrete choice experiments to elicit relevant preferences of (potential) user groups and service providers. The summarized findings are discussed in a stakeholder workshop and translated into health policy recommendations.

Results

The methodological approach used in this study is the focus of this paper. The study is still ongoing and will continue until March 2024. The first study phase has already been completed, in which preliminary work has been done on potential applications and hurdles for the use of video consultations. Currently, the survey is being conducted and analyses are being prepared.

Conclusions

This study is intended to develop a targeted strategy for health policy makers based on actual preferences and perceived obstacles to the use of video consultations. The results of this study will contribute to further user-oriented development of the implementation of video consultations in German statutory health insurance. Furthermore, the iterative and mixed methods approach used in this study protocol is also suitable for a variety of other research projects.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/50932
Association Between Prosuicide Website Searches Through Google and Suicide Death in the United States From 2010 to 2021: Lagged Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Kelsall Nora Clancy , Gimbrone Catherine , Olfson Mark , Gould Madelyn S , Shaman Jeffrey , Keyes Katherine
Published: April 2024

Background

 The rate of suicide death has been increasing, making understanding risk factors of growing importance. While exposure to explicit suicide-related media, such as description of means in news reports or sensationalized fictional portrayal, is known to increase population suicide rates, it is not known whether prosuicide website forums, which often promote or facilitate information about fatal suicide means, are related to change in suicide deaths overall or by specific means.

Objective

 This study aimed to estimate the association of the frequency of Google searches of known prosuicide web forums and content with death by suicide over time in the United States, by age, sex, and means of death.

Methods

 National monthly Google search data for names of common prosuicide websites between January 2010 and December 2021 were extracted from Google Health Trends API (application programming interface). Suicide deaths were identified using the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), and 3 primary means of death were identified (poisoning, suffocation, and firearm). Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) were then used to estimate the lagged association between the number of Google searches on suicide mortality, stratified by age, sex, and means, and adjusted for month. Sensitivity analyses, including using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling approaches, were also conducted.

Results

 Months in the United States in which search rates for prosuicide websites increased had more documented deaths by intentional poisoning and suffocation among both adolescents and adults. For example, the risk of poisoning suicide among youth and young adults (age 10-24 years) was 1.79 (95% CI 1.06-3.03) times higher in months with 22 searches per 10 million as compared to 0 searches. The risk of poisoning suicide among adults aged 25-64 was 1.10 (95% CI 1.03-1.16) times higher 1 month after searches reached 9 per 10 million compared with 0 searches. We also observed that increased search rates were associated with fewer youth suicide deaths by firearms with a 3-month time lag for adolescents. These models were robust to sensitivity tests.

Conclusions

 Although more analysis is needed, the findings are suggestive of an association between increased prosuicide website access and increased suicide deaths, specifically deaths by poisoning and suffocation. These findings emphasize the need to further investigate sites containing potentially dangerous information and their associations with deaths by suicide, as they may affect vulnerable individuals.
Historical Review and Prospect of the Rights of Ethnic Minority Children in Western China
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: April 2024

Children are the hope of the country in the future. People have been concerned about the healthy growth of children, pay attention to welfare undertakings, and make practical efforts for children's own interests and long-term development. People attach great importance to this, in order to protect the healthy growth of children, constantly children's health protection work. The author mainly discusses the historical review and prospect of children's health from four aspects: improving the protection of child welfare, improving children's security system, strengthening children's family responsibility and establishing children's self-protection consciousness.
SOIL FERTILITY STATUS AS INFLUENCED BY CROPPING SYSTEM IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KOLAR DISTRICT IN KARNATAKA
Authors: S ANIL KUMAR
Published: April 2024

The current investigation was carried out to determine how farming systems under rainfed and irrigated conditions affected the soil’s fertility. Thimmasandra of Bangarpet Taluka, Yadahalli of Kolar Taluka, Gaddur of Mulbagal Taluka, Thippasandra of Malur Taluka, and Kadudevandahalli of Srinivaspurua Taluka were the four villages from where the soil samples (0–15 cm) were gather. As a consequence of chemical examination, the samples’ pH and electrical conductivity were found to be between 5.8 and 7.5 and below 0.4 and 08 dS/m, respectively. The percentage of soil organic carbon in soil samples from irrigated systems was higher than that of rainfed systems, where no soil sample fell into this group. In a similar vein, soils from tomato other vegetable-based cropping systems (irrigated) have lower accessible N, P, K, and Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic acid extractable Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe than soils from finger millet-fallow systems (rainfed).
EXPLORING KAMALAM FRUIT (HYLOCEREUS SPP.): CULTIVATION, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND HEALTH BENEFITS. A REVIEW
Authors: ANIL KUMAR S
Published: April 2024

This review aims to cover the cultivation techniques, nutritional content, and health advantages of Kamalam fruit. Kamalam fruit plants exhibit remarkable adaptability and thrive in slightly heavy-textured soils. Typically, these plants are propagated through stem cuttings. After approximately 15–18 months of planting, flower buds emerge, taking about 28–30 days to bloom. Kamalam fruit is renowned for its nutritional richness, being a valuable source of minerals, glucose, fructose, dietary fiber, and various vitamins. It contributes to fortifying the human immune system and is utilized in managing conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, while also assisting in maintaining a healthy body weight. The yield and nutritional content of Kamalam fruit can fluctuate based on factors such as species, cultivation practices, geographic location, and harvest timing. Notably, the peel of Kamalam fruit shows significant potential as a natural dye. The number of commercial growers in various countries is steadily rising, driven by the attractive prices their products fetch in the market. At present, there is limited information available on the production aspects of Kamalam fruit. Research across different facets of cultivation and the health benefits of this fruit holds the promise of maximizing advantages for growers and consumers worldwide, thereby expanding the Kamalam fruit market.
UNVEILING THE PHARMACOLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND APPROVED THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITIES OF PIPER METHYSTICUM: AN IN-DEPTH REVIEW
Authors: DEEPALI THAKUR  , AJEET PAL SINGH  , AMAR PAL SINGH
Published: April 2024

In the plant Piper methysticum G. (Forst), Piperaceae, kava has active constituent storage in its roots and rhizomes. Kava root has been conventionally employed by individuals for alleviating anxiety, stress, managing drug withdrawal symptoms, addressing sleep-related concerns, and various other purposes; however, it is noteworthy that there is a lack of robust scientific evidence substantiating these purported therapeutic uses. The examination of existing literature reveals that kava lactones exert biological activity encompassing local anesthesia, antispasmodic effects, muscular relaxation, antimitotic properties, sedative attributes, anticonvulsive actions, analgesic properties, anxiolytic effects, and neuroprotective characteristics, thereby affirming their pharmacological potency. However, the plant’s medicinal value as an anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, or antioxidant has yet to be verified. Synthetic medications, on the other hand, are routinely recommended to alleviate stress and stress-related symptoms, but their tendency to induce drowsiness or sleep, the risk of dependence, and withdrawal effects limit their long-term usage. Clinical studies reveal that kava has 1-week efficacy at a modest dose. Evidently, herbal formulations assert enhancement of physical endurance, cognitive capacities, and non-specific resilience to stress without altering physiological functions; hence, imperative investigation into their safety and efficacy for therapeutic applications is warranted.
EMOTION DETECTION USING FCM FOR CONTROLLING DEVICES
Authors: DHANALAKSHMI G  , PRATHEEBHA S  , THANAPPRIYA RL  , MONIKA NS
Published: April 2024

The human face is the most important and significant bodily part that contributes greatly to both human-to-human and human-to-machine communication. We always recognize a person by their face, from which we can infer their gender, extrapolate their age, and also deduce certain cultural traits. The technology we use most frequently today is face detection, and a number of programs need to be able to recognize emotions. The prevalent models do not use feelings to regulate device operation; instead, they rely on facial function identification from a whole image, which has a low accuracy level. The suggested module gathers photos from a camera or a database, recognizes faces, and then extracts features to build a powerful emotion detection tool for practical applications. Fuzzy clustering is used to identify different human emotions including happiness, sadness, and fear while managing the technology. These robust devices are made to be employed in successful human–computer interaction and human decisionmaking.
POTENTIAL OF MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION AND CATTLE RUMEN DIGESTA IN THE BIOREMEDIATION OF SPENT ENGINE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL
Authors: E NKEREUWEM MICHAEL , ADELEYE ADENIYI O , KAMALDEEN FATIMAH , SOWUNMI LINDA I , IJAH CHRISTIANA J , NZAMOUHE MAXIMILLIEN , BASHIR MUSBAHU , LEMUEL ASIMYA
Published: April 2024

Soil pollution by crude oil contamination has become a major constraint on agricultural productivity. Physicochemical techniques are often expensive. However, bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil is cost-effective. Therefore, the study was carried out to analyze the influence of mycorrhiza and cattle rumen digesta on bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil (SEO) contaminated soil in Dutse, Jigawa state. Soil samples were randomly collected from the University Research and Teaching Farm. About 2.5 kg of sterilized topsoil (0–15 cm) was filled into pots and arranged in a 2×2×3 factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications. Mycorrhiza and cattle rumen digesta were at two levels, while SEO was at three levels. Data were collected on the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content, bacterial and fungal colony count. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at α 0.05. Results obtained from the study show that mycorrhiza and cattle rumen digesta increased the colonies of fungi and bacteria resulting in significantly enhanced TPH degradation in the contaminated soil. However, cattle rumen digesta significantly (p<0.05) enhanced TPH degradation, bacterial and fungal population the most compared to mycorrhiza alone. Combined cattle rumen digesta and mycorrhiza application resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower residual TPH content in the contaminated soil compared to using cattle rumen digesta or mycorrhiza alone. Thus, cattle rumen digesta and mycorrhiza should be used in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon impacted soils.
DETECTION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS IN READY-TO-DRINK BEVERAGE (ZOBO) SOLD ON FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUTSE CAMPUS, NORTHWEST NIGERIA
Authors: ADELEYE ADENIYI OLAREWAJU , Akinterinwa Tolulope Deborah , Amoo Florence Kemi , Amoo Afeez Oladeji , Asaju Catherine Iyabo , Shiaka Peter Gimba , Yerima Mohammed Bello
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Consumption of ready-to-drink beverages is a norm in the world over. However, the presence of total coliform in any beverage renders it unfit for human consumption.
Objectives: Due to non-existence of scientific data on the safety status of the ready-to-drink Zobo which is a popular local beverage, we did conduct this study to assess the bacteriological quality of the lots sold to consumers on the campus of Federal University Dutse (FUD), Nigeria.
Methods: Purposive sampling was employed to sample nine (9) locally packaged Zobo in three (3) different outlets; FUD Bakery (BAK) where three (3) were assayed (BAKA, BAKB, and BAKC), FUD Backside (BS) where three (3) samples were assayed (BSA, BSB, and BSC), and Morocco Girls’ hostel (MGH) three (3) samples were assayed (MGHA, MGHB, and MGHC). Standard methods were used to assay the sampled Zobo.
Results: Results obtained indicate that samples from MGH (8.0×10⁴ CFU/mL) had the lowest total viable count (TVC), while samples from BAK (2.8×10⁷ CFU/mL) recorded the highest TVC. However, samples assayed from MGH recorded no total coliform count. The number of bacterial colonies recorded in BAKA and BAKB was not significantly different from each other (p>0.05). However, the number of bacterial colonies recorded from MGHA was significantly different from those obtained in MGHB and MGHC (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the results obtained, we can conclude that Zobo samples assayed in the sampling points were not fit for human consumption during the conduct of our study.
Poetry and Ecological Consciousness in Louise Gluck’s Selected Poems
Authors: Kujur Nirupama
Published: April 2024

This article explores the profound intersection of poetry and ecological consciousness in Louise Gluck’s selected poems, particularly in her collections A Village Life and Faithful and Virtuous Night. Through a meticulous analysis of Gluck’s evocative verses, the article delves into how she intricately weaves themes of interconnectedness, environmental degradation, and the cyclical rhythms of nature. Gluck's poetry serves as a poignant reflection on humanity’s relationship with the natural world, prompting readers to contemplate their role as stewards of the environment. Through her lyrical language and profound insights, Gluck invites readers to traverse the terrain of ecological consciousness, inspiring a deeper appreciation for the intricate web of life and the imperative of embracing sustainable practices. Ultimately, this article illuminates how Gluck’s poetry serves as a beacon of enlightenment amidst ecological crises, urging us to reflect on our relationship with the environment and aim for a more peaceful relationship with the environment.
La fraternidad: de principio olvidado a motor de las dinámicas sociales
Authors: Barlocci Alberto
Published: April 2024

In referring to freedom, equality, and fraternity, the triptych of the French Revolution introduced these principles into political categories. The history of the three has followed autonomous paths. Fraternity developed together with cristianitas, before freedom and equality reached maturity as categories, though. The development of the principles of freedom and equality occurred at the eclipse of fraternity. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights puts together the triptych once more and demands that we confront a catalog of unalienable and indisputable rights. For this purpose, it is necessary to submerge ourselves into fraternity roots and essence, which does not exclude conflict, but provides methods for overcoming or living healthily together with it.
COVID-19, los choques de demanda y la desigualdad del ingreso por habitante regional en México, 1970-2021
Authors: Mendoza González Miguel Ángel Hilario , Villagra Piña Juan Alberto
Published: April 2024

En términos generales existen tres estrategias de análisis para explicar la desigualdad regional creciente de acuerdo con la definición del ingreso con diferentes métodos de medición del producto interno bruto (pib), desde el punto de vista de las cuentas nacionales y por entidad federativa. En la primera se considera que el pib se construye desde los sectores productivos (primario, industrial y servicios) y sus determinantes. Desde el punto de vista de la demanda agregada de las entidades federativas, la segunda estrategia se concentra en los principales componentes del gasto: el consumo privado y de Gobierno, la inversión privada y de Gobierno y las exportaciones e importaciones de bienes y servicios (Mendoza, 2022). Por último, por el lado de los ingresos lo importante son los pagos a los factores como son las remuneraciones de asalariados, el excedente bruto de operación, los impuestos y subsidios (Piketty, Saez y Zucman, 2018). El objetivo del capítulo es analizar si la crisis sanitaria y económica por la pandemia del covid-19 modificó las tendencias a largo plazo de la desigualdad del ingreso por habitante entre las entidades federativas en México en el periodo 1970-2021. Para ello se analiza la desigualdad y la dinámica del ingreso por habitante regional por el lado de la demanda donde las medidas internas para mitigar la trasmisión de covid-19 afectaron la movilidad y el consumo de las personas, y restringieron la inversión privada; y, por las medidas externas impuestas por la economía de Estados Unidos que afectaron la demanda de las exportaciones de los bienes producidos en México. Los efectos de la pandemia de covid-19 en la desigualdad y la dinámica del ingreso por habitante y sus componentes del lado de la demanda se estiman con tendencias hasta 2019; se miden las repercusiones por las restricciones económicas y en la movilidad de las personas para mitigar los efectos de la pandemia en 2020 y los cambios de tendencias en el proceso de recuperación económica entre 2021 y 2024.
Dimensión territorial de la desigualdad y desarrollo regional en México: implicaciones de política pública en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19
Authors: Delgadillo Macías Javier , Olmos Bolaños Rafael Antonio , Vázquez Juárez Carlos Enrique
Published: April 2024

El presente capítulo analiza las condiciones actuales del desarrollo regional en México a partir de un enfoque sobre desigualdad territorial. El estudio hace referencia de manera comparativa a los niveles nacional, regionales y de las entidades federativas, además, considera información sobre el crecimiento económico y las condiciones sociales de la población. Dicha información se analiza en el contexto de dos dimensiones: i) el impacto que la pandemia de covid-19 ha tenido como factor estacional de cambio, y ii) el papel que desempeña el sistema de políticas públicas territoriales en la percepción de la desigualdad. La desigualdad tiene una dimensión personal, económica y social, pero también se manifiesta territorialmente con implicaciones de política pública relevantes. En su dimensión social, las causas de la desigualdad residen en la distribución inequitativa del ingreso nacional y regional, en las diferencias en el acceso a oportunidades y las desventajas en el acceso a los bienes y servicios, todas ellas, causas que se expresan en los niveles de calidad de vida de la población. La desigualdad económica supone falta de oportunidades de inversión entre los más vulnerables, contrastes en la formación de capital humano y una reducida productividad de empresas, sectores e instituciones, afectando el potencial de crecimiento regional. La dimensión territorial de la desigualdad explica las dinámicas convergentes o divergentes del desarrollo en las regiones y las entidades federativas, en el tiempo y en la vinculación con la estructura económica de lugar a lugar expresadas como disparidades territoriales.
El efecto de los programas sociales en la reducción de la pobreza y la desigualdad en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Huesca Reynoso Luis , Llamas Rembao Linda Irene
Published: April 2024

La reciente pandemia de covid-19 ha puesto de manifiesto las fortalezas y debilidades que presentan diversos países con distintos niveles de desarrollo, en los que se observan efectos diferenciados; en una importante proporción, los Gobiernos no han sido capaces de revertir los resultados negativos de la emergencia en su condición de proveedores de subsidios y apoyos a la población. El presente capítulo busca contribuir con elementos empíricos para indagar sobre el tema central de esta obra, que es precisamente averiguar cómo la pandemia modificó la dinámica y la perspectiva de la desigualdad en el país, y para ello, es necesario dar un vistazo en los años previos a la pandemia y observar cómo la desigualdad y la pobreza han sido y son (en la actualidad) fenómenos persistentes. La emergencia sanitaria no fue la causa principal de los altos niveles de la desigualdad y pobreza, más bien vino a evidenciar un proceso estructural que ha pervivido en México por décadas, y que, en todo caso, llegó para agudizar procesos negativos de acceso a los servicios públicos básicos en los ámbitos de salud y educación, lo que marcó aún más las distancias entre los distintos grupos sociales. En México, se optó por continuar con la política social operante y con ello intentar mitigar los efectos del confinamiento, limitando la estrategia al adelanto de las ministraciones de los apoyos sociales.
Desigualdades en el trabajo en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Pedrero y Nieto Mercedes , Pacheco Gómez Muñoz María Edith
Published: April 2024

Partimos de una desigualdad estructural histórica —económica y social—entre grupos socioeconómicos en México, que se acompaña de asimetrías de género expresadas tanto en el nivel de participación en el trabajo como en sus diversas modalidades. En este capítulo se entiende el trabajo en su acepción más amplia, es decir, se estudia el trabajo desarrollado para el mercado o trabajo remunerado (tr), que genera ingreso, así como el trabajo no remunerado (tnr), aquel que se realiza en beneficio del propio hogar y representa la sostenibilidad de la vida de todos y cada uno de sus integrantes. La finalidad es analizar los cambios en las desigualdades —disminución o aumento— respecto al trabajo durante la pandemia de covid-19, y en especial se reflexiona sobre las interrelaciones e interdependencias entre el tr y el tnr de hombres y mujeres. Con la finalidad de indagar sobre estos posibles cambios, en un primer apartado presentamos los elementos centrales de nuestras aproximaciones analíticas e indicamos la manera en que se construyeron las variables consideradas en este estudio. En el segundo apartado, a manera de pincelada, retomamos los hallazgos de algunos estudios previos sobre el trabajo y la pandemia en México, con la finalidad de contextualizar nuestro análisis. En el tercer apartado buscamos dar cuenta de las desigualdades relacionadas con el trabajo entre el tercer trimestre de 2019, el tercero de 2020 y el tercero de 2021 (prepandemia, pandemia e inicio de una recuperación). Por último, presentamos las principales conclusiones, con las que buscamos reflexionar en torno a las desigualdades encontradas.
El impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la desigualdad salarial por género en México
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Reyna Elizabeth , Castro Lugo David
Published: April 2024

"Dada la rápida propagación del virus covid-19, los Gobiernos han tenido que adoptar medidas de confinamiento para frenar su transmisión y aplanar la curva de nuevas infecciones, hospitalizaciones y muertes. Esto ha tenido importantes y amplias implicaciones en muchos aspectos de la vida —sanitarios, económicos y sociales— y ha afectado a diferentes grupos de forma asimétrica (Rodríguez y Ramos, 2022). El impacto de la pandemia del covid-19 en el empleo ha incidido en fuertes caídas de los ingresos laborales. Tal comportamiento está vinculado a varios factores: i) destrucción del empleo; ii) esquemas de suspensión del trabajo con los cuales se mantiene el vínculo laboral, pero acompañado por un menor ingreso; iii) reducción de las horas trabajadas, y iv) acuerdos de reducción de salarios (Weller, 2020). Los argumentos para establecer un comportamiento heterogéneo del mercado laboral de hombres y mujeres durante las recesiones son diversos, y pueden ayudar a explicar las modificaciones en la desigualdad salarial por género. ¿Cuáles son los efectos de la crisis económica generada por el covid-19 sobre la desigualdad salarial por género en México? El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar cómo la crisis económica provocada por la pandemia de covid-19 ha afectado la situación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral mexicano, en especial, su impacto sobre la desigualdad salarial por género. La hipótesis de trabajo establece que la crisis económica generada por la pandemia del covid-19 ha provocado un incremento de la desigualdad salarial por sexo, desfavorable a las mujeres. El presente artículo consta de cinco apartados, el primero es la introducción, en el segundo se presenta la revisión teórica y empírica sobre la relación entre recesión y desigualdad salarial por género; en el tercero se tratan los datos y metodología; los resultados se presentan en el apartado cuatro y el quinto son las conclusiones.
Desigualdad en la mortalidad por COVID-19 entre la población hablante de lengua indígena de México
Authors: Lozano Ascencio Fernando , Ramírez García Telésforo
Published: April 2024

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha expuesto y amplificado de manera dramática las desigualdades e inequidades existentes a nivel mundial, tanto en el ámbito de la salud como en el económico y el social. Quienes poseen más recursos disponen de un mayor acceso a servicios y cuidados de la salud, así como de mejores posibilidades de resguardarse, mantenerse y trabajar desde casa a fin de evitar el contagio por coronavirus. En cambio, quienes cuentan con un menor acceso a recursos se han visto más vulnerables tanto al contagio como a la posibilidad de enfermar gravemente y fallecer, debido a las dificultades que enfrentan para recibir atención médica oportuna y de calidad. Además, las poblaciones más pobres y marginadas se han visto seriamente afectadas por el desempleo, la caída de sus ingresos y la inseguridad alimentaria, así como por la falta de atención de enfermedades físicas y mentales. El presente capítulo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo las desigualdades demográficas y económicas preexistentes en la población indígena1 exacerbaron la mortalidad por covid-19, en comparación con la población no indígena, durante la pandemia. La estructura del capítulo quedó organizada en cuatro secciones, además de la introducción y las reflexiones finales. En la primera parte se presenta brevemente la propuesta teórica de la demografía de la desigualdad, así como una revisión de la literatura contemporánea de la mortalidad por covid-19 en la población indígena mexicana. En la segunda se analizan las tendencias de las tasas de letalidad por covid-19 en la población indígena a lo largo de la pandemia, desde una perspectiva comparativa con sus pares no indígenas y por nivel de pobreza de los municipios. En la tercera se examinan y se comparan las tasas de letalidad por distintos rasgos sociodemográficos de las personas indígenas y no indígenas fallecidas por COVID-19, según el nivel de pobreza del municipio de residencia. En la cuarta parte se estudian los determinantes de la letalidad en la población indígena, a partir de la estimación de diversos modelos de regresión logística binomial, los cuales se presentan de manera ordenada para ver el efecto que ejercen los distintos atributos personales y socioeconómicos en las probabilidades de muerte. Por último, se enuncian algunas reflexiones finales.
EFECTOS DE LA REPUTACIÓN DEL BANCO CENTRAL DE COLOMBIA SOBRE LA TASA DE INTERÉS
Authors: Anzoátegui Zapata Juan Camilo , Rodríguez Arango Danilo , Galvis Ciro Juan Camilo
Published: April 2024

Analizamos los efectos de la reputación y de la comunicación del Banco Central de Colombia en los errores de pronóstico de la tasa de interés de la política monetaria. Implementamos una metodología que calcula el error de pronóstico por medio de expectativas del mercado financiero para horizontes de 1, 3, 6, 9 y 12 meses. Luego construimos diferentes indicadores de comunicación del Banco Central para estimar sus efectos sobre los errores de pronóstico. Las estimaciones econométricas permitieron identificar que la reputación ayuda a disminuir los errores de pronóstico, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Las noticias de política monetaria reducen los errores para los horizontes de 1, 3, 6 y 9 meses. Por último, encontramos que la claridad de la comunicación y la cantidad de palabras en las minutas sólo importa a 1 y 3 meses. La principal recomendación de política apunta a consolidar la reputación de política monetaria y mejorar los canales de comunicación con el fin de influir con mayor fuerza en las expectativas de largo plazo.
EFFECTS OF COLOMBIA’S CENTRAL BANK REPUTATION ON FORECAST ERRORS OF THE INTEREST RATE
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the effects of Colombia’s central bank reputation and communication on the forecast errors of the monetary policy interest rate. A methodology is implemented that consists of calculating the forecast error through financial market expectations for horizons of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Subsequently, different communication indicators of the Central Bank are built to estimate their effects on forecast errors. The econometric estimates allowed us to identify that reputation helps to reduce forecast errors, both in the short and long term. On the other hand, the monetary policy news reduces the errors for the horizons of 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. Finally, it was found that the clarity of the communication only matters at 1 and 3 months. The main policy recommendation is to consolidate the reputation of monetary policy and improve communication channels in order to influence long-term expectations more strongly.
TIPO DE CAMBIO REAL, INNOVACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO: UN ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Y ASIA
Authors: Landa Díaz Heri Oscar , Cerezo García Verónica
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel del tipo de cambio real, frente a la competitividad no precio, en la dinámica del producto. Con este fin, mediante un modelo panel de efectos fijos, estudiamos el impacto del tipo de cambio real, la productividad, el comercio y la inversión extranjera directa sobre el producto interno bruto (PIB) en 12 países de América Latina y 10 países de Asia durante el periodo 1990-2021. Específicamente, contrastamos si un tipo de cambio competitivo (subvaluado) genera efectos positivos sobre la tasa de crecimiento económico. Los principales resultados empíricos sugieren que: 1) las variaciones del tipo de cambio real crean efectos limitados y poco concluyentes sobre el PIB; 2) una mejora en la productividad y la competitividad generan una expansión de la dinámica económica; 3) la apertura económica tiene un impacto positivo, particularmente en los países de Asia, sobre el desempeño económico.
REAL EXCHANGE RATE, INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR LATIN AMERICA AND ASIA
ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the real exchange rate, compared to non-price competitiveness, on the dynamics of the product. We study, through a fixed effects panel model, the impact of the real exchange rate, productivity, trade and Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 12 Latin American countries and 10 Asian countries during the period 1990-2021. Specifically, we test whether a competitive exchange rate (undervalued) generates positive effects on the economic growth rate. The main results suggest that: 1) variations in the real exchange rate generate limited and inconclusive effects on GDP; 2) an improvement in productivity and competitiveness generates an expansion of economic dynamics; 3) economic openness has a positive impact, particularly among Asian countries, on economic performance.
ME VOY PORQUE ME VOY. HISTORIAS DE PROFESIONISTAS MEXICANOS EN ESTADOS UNIDOS, LAURA VÁZQUEZ MAGGIO Y LILIA DOMÍNGUEZ VILLALOBOS
Authors: Monroy Gómez Franco Luis
Published: April 2024

Es siempre una buena noticia la publicación de un libro cuyo objetivo es detonar la investigación sobre una temática poco explorada dentro de la literatura. Tal es el caso del libro Me voy porque me voy. Historias de profesionistas mexicanos en Estados Unidos, escrito por Laura Vázquez Maggio y Lilia Domínguez Villalobos, ambas adscritas a la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), publicado en 2023 y coeditado por la Facultad de Economía de dicha Universidad y la Editorial Turner. Como bien mencionan las autoras en el capítulo que sirve como motivación del libro, México ocupa a nivel global el sexto lugar en el número de migrantes calificados viviendo fuera del país, y en el caso de los migrantes viviendo en Estados Unidos de América, se trata del cuarto país de origen detrás de India, Filipinas y China...
Macroeconomía y pobreza: una revisión empírica para México 2005-2022
Authors: Moreno Calva Marco Antonio Mesac , Cruz  Marcelo José Nabor
Published: April 2024

El artículo analiza la relación entre macroeconomía y pobreza (laboral), entre 2005 y 2022. Se consideraron tres escenarios: 1) ingreso, inflación, tasa de interés y pobreza laboral; mientras que los escenarios 2) y 3) fue considerar el ingreso laboral y la inflación de las líneas de pobreza y pobreza extrema por ingresos, respectivamente. Se estima una función de impulso-respuesta y su relación de cointegración por escenario. Los resultados sugieren que la tasa de interés sí tiene efectos en la pobreza: una política monetaria que priorice una inflación baja y estable se corresponde con una menor tasa de pobreza, al igual que un mayor ingreso. Finalmente, se concluye que la inflación es perjudicial para la pobreza.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Education Sector
Authors: Sandhu Ms. Shilpa
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Building intelligent computers that can carry out tasks that traditionally require human intelligence is the goal of artificial intelligence (AI), a broad field of computer science. While there are many different approaches to AI, it is an interdisciplinary discipline, and recent developments in machine learning and deep learning in particular are causing a paradigm change in almost every area of the tech industry. Machines equipped with artificial intelligence are able to mimic or even outperform human brain functions. And as generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Google's Bard proliferate and selfdriving car technology advances, AI is quickly becoming a part of daily life and a field that businesses in every sector are investing in.
Soft Computing in Advanced Robotics
Authors: Pawar Rajeshwari H.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Advanced robotics has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, enabling robots to perform complex tasks in various domains such as manufacturing, healthcare, and space exploration. Soft computing techniques have emerged as powerful tools to address the challenges associated with uncertainty, imprecision, and complexity inherent in robotic systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of soft computing techniques in advanced robotics. The review encompasses various soft computing paradigms including fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, and swarm intelligence. The paper discusses the integration of these techniques in different aspects of robotic systems such as perception, planning, control, and learning. Furthermore, it highlights the strengths, limitations, and future directions of soft computing in advancing robotics technology.
Real-Time Violence Detection in Surveillance Videos Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Mohod Prof. N.P.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In order to tackle the ongoing problem of keeping fruits fresh, this research presents an automated freshness detection. The ever-growing presence of surveillance cameras has undoubtedly enhanced public safety. However, manually reviewing vast quantities of video footage for violence detection remains a tedious and error-prone task. This paper proposes a deep learningbased approach for anomaly detection in surveillance videos, with a specific focus on identifying violent activities. Traditional surveillance methods often lack the sophistication to distinguish between normal behaviour and potentially threatening actions. Deep learning offers a significant advantage by automating the identification of deviations from established behavioural patterns in video data. This automation enables real-time analysis of footage, potentially signifying the occurrence of violent incidents and allowing for a swifter response from security personnel. This research delves into the application of deep learning models for violence detection in surveillance footage. We begin by discussing the limitations inherent in conventional methods, such as motion detection and manual review, which struggle to capture the nuances of human behaviour. Subsequently, we explore the advantages that deep learning-based approaches bring to the table, including their ability to learn complex patterns from large datasets and identify subtle anomalies that might escape human observation.
Analyzing Ancient Ayodhya City Planning Through Ancient Text
Authors: Pandey Ar. Divya
Published: April 2024

Abstract: A significant aspect revolves around the astronomical positioning detailed in Sage Valmiki's Ramayan. By employing the "Platinum Gold" software, which enables simulation of the celestial sphere, extraction of English calendar dates corresponding to events mentioned in the Valmiki Ramayan, correlating them with planetary positions has been analyzing in the paper first. The findings reveal intriguing dates for significant events in Lord Rama's life, such as his birth, battles, and the completion of his exile. The meticulous alignment of these dates with the narrative in Valmiki's Ramayan underscores the precision and authenticity of the ancient text. The study also delves into the portrayal of Ayodhya, the ancient city described in the text, providing insights into its urban planning, fortifications, housing, and cultural significance. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing scientific methodologies and textual analysis, this work sheds light on the historical and cultural richness encapsulated in ancient Indian scriptures, offering valuable insights into the Vedic Ramayan eras
IOT Based Pill Reminder and Monitoring System
Authors: Siddiqha Mrs. Ayeesha
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Introducing an innovative IoT-based pill reminder and monitoring system, this solution aims to tackle medication nonadherence challenges effectively. Leveraging interconnected devices and advanced sensors, personalized medication reminders are delivered to users, enhancing adherence rates efficiently. Accessible via smartphones or other devices, a user-friendly interface allows patients to configure medication schedules and receive timely reminders tailored to their needs. The system tracks pill intakefor dosage accuracy and provides real-time data to healthcare providers for remote monitoring and intervention. Integration with electronic health records streamlines communication between patients and healthcare providers, fostering collaborative care. This IoT solution holds significant potential for addressing medication non-adherence issues and improving overall healthcare outcomes, with further research warranted for broader implementation and evaluation across diverse patient populations.
An Improved Binary Dragonfly Fault-Tolerant Sensor Scheduling Based Approach for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nitya Mrs. K.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Target tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical application, often relying on node scheduling based on trajectory prediction. However, traditional approaches may lead to target loss due to prediction errors, requiring resourceintensive target recovery mechanisms and potentially resulting in data loss. To address this challenge, we propose an improved binary dragonfly fault-tolerant sensor scheduling (BD-FTSS) approach aimed at enhancing target tracking performance in WSNs. Our approach focuses on minimizing target loss probability while reducing energy consumption through a low-power scheduling mechanism. The BD-FTSS approach begins by designing a fault-tolerant domain to expand the scheduling range of candidate nodes. By considering factors such as remaining energy, sensing coverage, and overlapping coverage, we aim to activate the minimum number of sensors necessary to cover the fault-tolerant domain effectively.
Advanced Vehicle Detection and Tracking on Roads Using Deep Learning
Authors: Sruthi Dr.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The world has been overtaken by artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and deep learning, which are affecting every aspect of our lives, including our need for companionship and the growth of smart cities and communities. Though tremendous progress has been made in fields like healthcare and education, transportation. Transportation is a significant barrier that has a huge financial and human cost on a worldwide scale. Traditional methods of assessing traffic on roads, which rely on inductive loops, don't give much information and can't control traffic in real-time. This study describes how the transportation sector could undergo a deep learning revolution. Deep learning techniques, including image and video analysis, have the potential to revolutionize road traffic monitoring by enabling computers to recognize traffic congestion, enhance road safety, and address various other concerns. The integration of deep learning technologies promises a new era of data-driven solutions for transportation-related issues, which could ultimately result in safer, more effective, and economically sustainable societies in the face of over a million annual fatalities and trillions of dollars in damages. In order to address these problems, this paper shows how well YOLOv3 detects automobiles and how well Darknet53 tracks these vehicles while they are on the road.