bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Évolutions régionales des naissances pendant l’épidémie de Covid-19 en Allemagne, en Espagne, en France et en Italie
Authors: Luppi Francesca , Arpino Bruno , Rosina Alessandro , Michaud Céline
Published: August 2024

Les données recueillies au début de la pandémie de Covid-19 révèlent des effets contrastés sur le nombre de naissances en Europe. Cette note de recherche compare les tendances régionales du taux global de fécondité (TGF) avant et après le début de la pandémie dans les quatre pays européens les plus peuplés : l’Allemagne, l’Espagne, la France et l’Italie. Elle examine la relation entre l’évolution du TGF pendant la pandémie et différents facteurs : les décès liés au Covid-19, les changements sur le marché du travail, et la population exposée au risque de pauvreté.Les données régionales sur les naissances mensuelles entre janvier 2018 et décembre 2021 proviennent des instituts nationaux de statistiques, tandis que les données supplémentaires sont fournies par Eurostat. Notre analyse comporte deux ensembles de régressions. Premièrement, des modèles de régression linéaire à effets fixes sont mis en œuvre au niveau régional pour chaque pays, afin d’estimer les effets de trois périodes pandémiques sur le TGF mensuel. Deuxièmement, les coefficients de régression obtenus sont intégrés, en tant que variables dépendantes, dans des régressions linéaires pondérées qui incluent des variables régionales relatives aux évolutions du marché du travail, au risque de pauvreté, et à la surmortalité. Nos résultats révèlent des disparités régionales (au sein des pays) quant à l’évolution des naissances pendant la pandémie. Ils mettent en évidence une relation significative entre la baisse de la natalité et la hausse du chômage des jeunes.
Les leviers managériaux de la confiance patient-médecin dans les établissements de santé.
Authors: Isseki Brice , Brasseur Martine
Published: August 2024

En lien avec les approches managériales centrées sur le patient, cet article vise à apporter des éléments de réponse à la question des facteurs de confiance des patients envers leur médecin actionnables par les managers. À partir d’une étude exploratoire, les trois catégories de facteurs de confiance identifiées ont été positionnées dans la représentation sociale développée par les patients. De ce fait, si la centralité des facteurs individuels les rend peu malléables, et la contingence des facteurs liés à la relation échappe aux managers, le rôle des facteurs contextuels organisationnels, à la fois plus plastiques, car situés en périphérie et incombant au management, en ressort.
La prise en compte de la relation managériale dans l’attitude vis-à-vis de la vidéoprotection
Authors: Diard Caroline , Rychalski Aude , Aubry Mathilde
Published: August 2024

La compréhension de l’attitude des salariés envers les caméras de vidéoprotection au travail est un enjeu managérial peu traité dans la littérature académique. L’objectif de cette contribution est d’évaluer l’importance relative des facteurs d’acceptation dans l’attitude des salariés dans ce contexte en mobilisant la littérature en Systèmes d’Information et en Gestion des Ressources Humaines. L’analyse par régression hiérarchique d’une étude menée auprès de 337 salariés démontre que les attentes vis-à-vis de la technologie, l’influence sociale, des facteurs individuels et de contingence ainsi que la relation managériale doivent être pris en compte pour expliquer l’attitude vis-à-vis de la caméra de vidéoprotection.
Contribution des coûts cachés à la durabilité des achats. Résultats d’une recherche-intervention
Authors: Crouzet Sylvie
Published: August 2024

L’acheteur dispose de compétences lui permettant de maîtriser les coûts, la qualité et, de plus en plus, les risques liés à l’achat. Mais il sait peu de choses sur la façon d’évaluer les impacts des dysfonctionnements liés à ces risques. L’étude, basée sur une recherche-intervention, montre que l’acheteur pourrait s’appuyer sur la méthode des coûts-performances cachés pour mesurer les impacts des dysfonctionnements et renforcer la durabilité des achats.
Évolution du rôle du manager : contribution de la recherche-intervention aux praticiens et intervenants-chercheurs réflexifs
Authors: Goter Françoise , Datry Frantz
Published: August 2024

Depuis le début des théories des organisations, le rôle du manager a évolué. Même si l’enjeu est resté le même : « l’efficacité au travail », les modes de management sont évalués en permanence et doivent satisfaire toutes les parties prenantes de l’entreprises, internes comme externes. Pour autant, le manager n’a jamais été aussi désemparé. Selon l’APEC (2023), « 54 % des cadres ressentent souvent ou occasionnellement un niveau de stress intense et plus d’1 sur 2 un sentiment régulier ou occasionnel d’épuisement professionnel ». Les recherches-interventions que nous conduisons dans les entreprises montrent que cette méthode de recherche place le manager-praticien dans une posture réflexive, indispensable à l’appropriation réelle et profonde de nouvelles pratiques managériales. Quant à l’intervenant-chercheur, cette conception de la recherche lui permet de produire des résultats expérimentaux et conceptuels qui font l’objet d’une double validité : interne et externe. En interne, l’efficacité des nouvelles pratiques est mise à l’épreuve des usages par les acteurs. En externe, les intervenants-chercheurs exploitent ces matériaux pour nourrir leurs travaux de recherche, évalués par la communauté scientifique.
La proximité hybride au service du développement des talents : résultats des recherches-interventions
Authors: Savall Amandine , Rastrollo Horrillo María Ángeles
Published: August 2024

Cet article explore les effets du travail à distance sur le développement des talents dans un contexte où les entreprises favorisent la “proximité virtuelle” via l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication. S’appuyant sur 12 ans de recherches-interventions, les auteurs identifient les défis et présentent de nouvelles pratiques de développement des talents, soulignant six besoins spécifiques et l’importance d’un équilibre entre proximité physique et virtuelle. En conclusion, l’analyse longitudinale des trois cas étudiés démontre que cette proximité hybride améliore le développement des talents et la performance, soulignant l’utilité particulière de la recherche-intervention dans l’étude du travail à distance et du développement des talents.
L’économie comportementale murmure à l’oreille du juriste
Authors: Gabuthy Yannick , Jacquemet Nicolas , L’Haridon Olivier
Published: August 2024

Longtemps confinée à l’efficacité de la protection des droits de propriété nécessaires aux échanges de marché, l’analyse économique du droit trouve en grande partie ses origines dans la nécessité de pallier les défaillances de marché associées à la remise en cause des conditions qui rendent leur fonctionnement efficace. Cette branche de l’économie s’intéresse en particulier à la capacité de différentes règles juridiques à corriger les inefficacités structurelles qui en découlent, par exemple en matière de comportements de prévention des risques liés aux activités humaines ou encore de comportements délictuels. Les développements récents de l’économie comportementale apportent un éclairage nouveau sur la réponse des acteurs de l’économie aux règles qui leur sont appliquées, et conduisent en particulier à un renouvellement profond des recommandations de l’économie en matière d’élaboration des règles de droit. Cet article en présente un panorama, appliqué notamment aux régimes de responsabilité civile et aux modalités d’application de la politique pénale.
La taxation du capital : pourquoi ? Comment ?
Authors: Lehmann Étienne
Published: August 2024

Cet article propose une revue de la littérature sur la taxation du capital. Tout d’abord, il discute l’opportunité de taxer le capital pour des raisons redistributives ou pour des raisons correctives. Ensuite, il dis-cute deux questions particulièrement importantes concernant les modalités que doit prendre la taxation du capital. Il prend parti pour une taxation des revenus et non du stock de capital mobilier. Enfin, le recours à une imposition du bénéfice des sociétés semble difficilement évitable, même si cette modalité de taxation s’avère théoriquement et empiriquement plus nuisible à l’investissement que l’imposition des dividendes des actionnaires. Aussi une meilleure coordination internationale sur la taxation du bénéfice des sociétés est-elle devenue un enjeu majeur.
La valorisation des aménités locales après la Covid-19
Authors: Daly Imen
Published: August 2024

Cet article analyse l’impact de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur les prix immobiliers en utilisant des discontinuités spatiales. Les résultats mettent en évidence un changement de préférences chez les acheteurs parisiens, suggérant qu’après la pandémie, la volonté d’éviter les foyers potentiels d’infection, combinée à la généralisation du télétravail, a conduit à une dévalorisation de la proximité avec la capitale. De plus, au cours de la deuxième année suivant le début de la pandémie, une préférence transitoire émerge en faveur des logements offrant des places de stationnement, tandis qu’une dévalorisation de la proximité des transports en commun indique une transition temporaire vers les moyens de transport individuels. L’étude met également en lumière une revalorisation temporaire de l’importance de l’accès immédiat aux espaces verts, soulignant l’influence des mesures de distanciation sociale sur les choix des acquéreurs.
Impact des transferts sur les inégalités de revenu dans les pays de l’OCDE
Authors: Moreno Florez Carolina
Published: August 2024

Cette étude mesure l’impact des transferts sur les inégalités de revenu dans les pays de l’OCDE. À partir de données européennes et américaines, nous montrons que les transferts réduisent les inégalités via l’importance de leur part dans les revenus totaux (effet taille) et via leur répartition au sein de la population (effet redistributif). Ainsi, pour une même réduction des inégalités de revenu, il est possible d’augmenter l’effet redistributif tout en réduisant la taille des transferts. Les résultats quantitatifs indiquent que la réduction des inégalités de revenu est surtout liée à l’effet taille des transferts, ce qui suggère qu’il est possible de lutter plus efficacement contre les inégalités de revenu en renforçant l’aspect redistributif des transferts.
La genèse de la Politique commune de la pêche (1960-1990)
Authors: Cudennec Annie
Published: August 2024

La politique commune de la pêche (PCP), conçue à l’origine dans une logique essentiellement productiviste, a tout d’abord dû intégrer les exigences du contexte international guidé par l’emprise étatique croissante sur les mers – et donc sur les ressources – bordant leurs côtes. Ce contexte a favorisé la reconnaissance de la compétence exclusive de l’Union européenne pour assurer la conservation des ressources biologiques de la mer dans le cadre de la PCP. Par la suite, celle-ci a évolué afin de respecter les exigences de la protection de l’environnement. Ces exigences sont désormais partie intégrante des principaux outils de cette politique : le régime de conservation et d’exploitation durable des ressources biologiques marines d’une part, la gestion des capacités de pêche de la flotte européenne d’autre part.
La Communauté économique européenne et le Portugal : l’aide de pré-adhésion pour le secteur de la pêche
Authors: Cunha Alice , Nicault Catherine
Published: August 2024

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les relations entre l’Union européenne et l’Espagne dans le secteur de la pêche. Le principal objectif de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence comment les discussions sur la pêche ont pesé sur l’intégration de l’Espagne dans la CEE, ainsi que sur les relations entre Madrid et Bruxelles, et entre Madrid et les pays membres. En outre, cette étude montre aussi, indirectement, les problèmes engendrés par les discussions sur la pêche entre les pays membres. En définitive, l’objectif est d’étudier, à travers un exemple concret, comment la négociation sur la pêche est un élément qui a conditionné la construction européenne dans les années 1970 et 1980, lors de l’élargissement de la CEE vers le sud.
Quelle politique pénale pour le procureur près la Cour pénale internationale ?
Authors: Jouette Pierre
Published: August 2024

Résumé Entré en fonction en 2021, à la suite d'un audit de la Cour pénale internationale et en pleine recrudescence de conflits internationaux majeurs, Karim Khan, troisième procureur de la Cour, hérite d'une institution qui peine à lutter efficacement contre l'impunité des crimes internationaux. Pleinement conscient des enjeux, le procureur ne ménage pas ses efforts, comme le confirment ses différentes déclarations et documents de politique générale. La contribution interroge ainsi la politique pénale mise en œuvre par le Bureau du procureur à l'aune, notamment, des réalisations concrètes de ces premières années d'exercice.
Self-Learning in Industry 4.0: Fostering Technological Training-Seeking Behaviors
Authors: Chassaing-Monjou Clement , Cangialosi Nicola , Bazine Nicolas , Peña-Jimenez Marco , Odoardi Carlo , R.M Déprez Guillaume
Published: August 2024

Cette étude s’intéresse à la relation entre orientation vers le futur, tâches stimulantes et comportements de recherche de formations technologiques dans l’environnement technologique que sont les industries 4.0. Les industries 4.0 sont sources de différents défis (Cascio & Montealegre, 2016 ; Culot et al., 2020) et notamment concernant les compétences requises dans ces dernières. Il nous semble donc normal de nous interroger sur les facteurs menant à des comportements d’auto-formation, ici sous la forme des comportements de recherche de formations technologiques. Nous proposons que la perception des compétences cognitives nécessaires médie la relation entre orientation vers le futur et comportements de recherche de formations technologiques et qu’elle médie aussi la relation entre tâches stimulantes et comportements de recherche de formations technologiques. Un questionnaire a été soumis auprès de 290 salariés d’une entreprise aérospatiale italienne. Des analyses en équations structurelles ont montré que la perception des compétences cognitives nécessaires médie partiellement la relation entre orientation vers le futur et comportements de recherche de formations technologiques et médie totalement la relation entre tâches stimulantes et comportements de recherche de formations technologiques. Cette étude apporte plus d’éléments à la littérature sur les comportements d’auto-formation par le biais des comportements de recherche de formations technologiques. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité pour les entreprises d’engager leurs salariés à s’orienter vers le futur et à se confronter à des tâches stimulantes pour déclencher des comportements d’auto-formation.
Equivalent analysis of different estimations under a multivariate general linear model
Authors: Jiang Bo , Tian Yongge
Published: August 2024

This article explores the mathematical and statistical performances and connections of the two well-known ordinary least-squares estimators (OLSEs) and best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of unknown parameter matrices in the context of a multivariate general linear model (MGLM) for regression, both of which are defined under two different optimality criteria. Tian and Zhang [38] once collected a series of existing and novel identifying conditions for OLSEs to be BLUEs under general linear models: On connections among OLSEs and BLUEs of whole and partial parameters under a general linear model, Stat. Probabil. Lett., 112 (2016), 105–112. In this paper, we show how to extend this kind of results to multivariate general linear models. We shall give a direct algebraic procedure to derive explicit formulas for calculating the OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter spaces in a given MGLM, discuss the relationships between OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter matrices in the MGLM, establish many algebraic equalities related to the equivalence of OLSEs and BLUEs, and give various intrinsic statistical interpretations about the equivalence of OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter matrices in a given MGLM using some matrix analysis tools concerning ranks, ranges, and generalized inverses of matrices.
Krizolacija
Authors: Podjed Dan , Klepec Peter
Published: August 2024

At a time when the crisis is becoming the new normality, a new human is emerging: homo insulatus. She or he lives between four walls and in front of screens, seemingly connected to the community, but in reality disconnected from reality and increasingly isolated. Can the isolated person, who is the opposite of Harari's idea of homo deus, break the shackles of crisolation, i.e. the intertwining of crisis and isolation, detach her or his gaze from the screen and step out into the open? This book provides answers to such questions and shows that both isolation and crisis have different images, which the author places in front of the mirror. Not everyone will necessarily be happy with the reflection.
Co-publisher Cankarjeva založba.
Emerging Implications of Metaverse Healthcare Analysis to the Individual and the Society
Authors: Selvarajan Annamalai , Nagamani Sangeetha , Kumar A. Suresh , Dommaraju Tejavarma , Gandhodi Harsha Vardhan , Karras Dimitrios A.
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, Metaverse continues to be a boon for virtual space. The word Metaverse was coined by Neal Stephenson in his science fiction novel “Snow Crash.” It has become the next iteration of the internet. Metaverse is defined as a distinct, ubiquitous, deeply engaged, insistent, 3D virtual space where we can virtually create a life better than the physical world. The real world has evolved tremendously since the COVID-19 pandemic. People have isolated themselves from gatherings and other activities. Organisations began to use new technology for remote work. Metaverse had pushed forward to fix the problem by employing augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR) and extended reality (ER). Furthermore, the metaverse is regarded as a web of a virtual environment in which avatars interact to provide an immersive experience. Metaverse features include digital avatars, decentralisation, highly effective remote work, security, and privacy.
Integration of Computer Vision Techniques, UAV, and Metaverse Analysis to Uplift Healthcare Services
Authors: Kumar H. N. Naveen , Prasad M. S. Guru , S. Chandrappa , Gujjar J. Praveen , Kumar A. Suresh
Published: August 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a vital role in healthcare applications, specifically in rural and isolated regions. The metaverse, a collective virtual shared place, offers a one-of-a-kind platform for immersive and collaborative healthcare data analysis. Improved patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency can be achieved by the widespread adoption of computer vision (CV) tools and techniques in clinical settings. The synergy between CV, metaverse analysis, and UAV communication offers a transformative approach to healthcare delivery. This study investigates the incorporation of computer vision methodologies and strategies into the metaverse framework to augment healthcare services provided by UAV communication. UAVs with extensive communication capabilities act as a link between the physical and metaverse, allowing for seamless data flow and analysis. This multidisciplinary approach offers real-time, immersive insights that improve diagnosis, decision-making, and overall patient care, and it has the potential to completely transform the way healthcare is delivered.
Impact of UAV Communication in the Healthcare Sector on IoT Framework
Authors: Sathiya M. , Sumitra P. , Sathya G. , Gayathiri A. , Sabitha S. , Ghinea George
Published: August 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are appropriate as viable instruments in communication systems. The concept of the unmanned aerial vehicle fits with the internet of things (IoT), which frequently deploys an outsized number of sensors across a large area. To deliver wireless communications, UAVs have been employed as an airborne communication platform. To show the idea's viability, the authors present a UAV-based architecture for communicating with BANs in a dependable and power-efficient manner. The design that has been suggested employs the wakeup-radio-based communication paradigm between a UAV and plenty BANs. The authors examine the proposed protocol's performance in terms of throughput and latency by designating different priority to hubs and gateways. The authors also highlight outstanding research topics and obstacles for building effective procedures for UAV-based data collecting in smart healthcare systems.
Navigating Complexity
Authors: Komalasari Rita
Published: August 2024

This chapter aims to establish an approach for IVHM requirements elucidation. A meticulous literature study served as the bedrock of this research, offering critical insights into existing methodologies and challenges in IVHM for UAS. Leveraging this knowledge, the study innovatively introduced the IVHM-RD method, a culmination of extensive data analysis. This approach not only grounded the study in established theories but also pushed the boundaries of understanding in IVHM, ushering in transformative possibilities for UAS design. This method consolidates diverse stakeholder demands through extensive data analysis, resulting in a prioritized set of IVHM requirements. The study's innovative approach, bridging the gap between theory and practice, promises transformative implications for UAS design processes.
An Emergent Self-Attention LSTM Module-Based Malicious User Detection in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Jothiraj Sivasankari , Brindha M. , Persis Jeffrey V
Published: August 2024

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) represent a dynamic and intelligent paradigm for efficient spectrum utilization by allowing unlicensed users, known as secondary users, to opportunistically access underutilized spectrum bands. However, the open and shared nature of the spectrum in CRNs exposes them to various security threats and attacks. In this context, the need for robust intrusion detection mechanisms becomes paramount to safeguard the integrity of the network. This work proposes a novel approach for detecting attackers in cognitive radio networks using a combination of self-attention mechanism and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The self-attention LSTM model is designed to capture complex temporal dependencies and spatial correlations in the dynamic spectrum access patterns, making it well-suited for the inherent variability and uncertainty in CRNs. The proposed approach is evaluated using real-world CRN datasets, considering various attack scenarios such as spectrum sensing data falsification and malicious spectrum access.
Automated Star Rating Generation for Analyzing the Performance of Public Department
Authors: Sakthivel Mangalapriya , Vennila S. , Ilakkiya S. R. , Malini S. V.
Published: August 2024

In today's digital era, the role of social media cannot be overstated as it serves as a crucial platform for exchanging data and allows individuals to express their thoughts and opinions. One of the key procedures in this context is sentiment analysis, which involves analyzing the sentiments and polarity of people's thoughts to determine whether a post or comment has received positive, negative, or neutral feedback. This procedure plays a significant role in understanding the overall sentiment surrounding a topic or post. To improve accessibility and streamline operations, this team has developed a dynamic website that integrates various functionalities to enhance the sentiment analysis process. The system utilizes PHP and leverages the Instagram API, enabling them to gather real-time data from Instagram posts and comments. By doing so, they aim to enhance the accuracy of sentiment analysis, providing users with a comprehensive understanding of the sentiments expressed. The proposed system offers several benefits.
Machine Learning-Based Network Attack Prediction
Authors: Kavitha M. , Roscia Jeya Shiney J. , Gopikannan P. , Mahalakshmi M.
Published: August 2024

In terms of security, proactively identifying and mitigating network assaults continues to be essential to the protection of vital systems. This chapter presents a unique method for real-time network intrusion detection that makes use of the resilient gradient boosting technique known as the CatBoost algorithm. Conventional signature-based techniques are inadequate against advanced threats because they frequently fail to adjust to changing assault patterns. Because ML (machine learning), and specifically CatBoost, can handle high-dimensional data, nonlinear relationships, and categorical variables, it appears to be a promising answer. This study uses CatBoost to create an advanced model that can recognize complex patterns in network traffic data. Using a large dataset that includes both attack and regular cases, the system gains the ability to identify minute changes in network behavior that could be signs of impending danger. Through feature importance analysis, one can gain a deeper understanding of the critical elements that contribute to the detection of attacks and, consequently, improve network vulnerabilities. Accuracy, F1-score, recall, and precision are among the measures applied to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed CatBoost-based IDS (intrusion detection system). The CatBoost algorithm is superior to traditional methods in terms of successfully recognizing known and unknown attack types while avoiding false positives, as demonstrated by comparison analyses. In addition, it shows that the model is resilient to evasion tactics used by bad actors, which guarantees strong network infrastructure security. The results highlight the effectiveness of using CatBoost in network security applications and highlight the technology's potential as a preventative measure against online attacks that are constantly changing. More flexible and effective intrusion detection systems are made possible by this research, which advances machine learning-driven strategies for strengthening network defenses.
NFV and Secure Cognitive SDN for Educational Backbone Network Deployment
Authors: Majid Muhammad Imran , Khuhawar Faheem Yar , Muhammad Karrar , Rathore Kamlesh , Ali Aarif , Ali Muhammad , Mal Babu , Habiba Umme , Muhammad Shabana , Shaikh Faisal Karim , Soomro Tariq Rahim
Published: August 2024

Software defined networks (SDN) and wireless cognitive radio networks (CRN) are examined within the context of dynamic spectrum management. The features include control and data plane separation, centralized control, adopting open-source standards, programmability, quality of service (QoS) management, and security. The transformative impact of network function virtualization (NFV) is explored with a perspective on its architecture and applications in SDN, internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and blockchain. The security aspect of SDN with specific focus on mitigating denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and vulnerabilities associated with open flow protocol is also addressed. The cognitive-inspired security mechanisms adapt to evolving threats integrating machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms for dynamic threat detection and mitigation exemplified through case studies. Adoption of software-defined perimeter, zero trust, blockchain, and quantum-safe cryptography in future are discussed. Finally, SDN applications for IoT networks are discussed.
Spectrum Sensing and Sharing for Internet of Things
Authors: Pandian Poornima , Selvaraj Chithra , Priyanga S.
Published: August 2024

The limited availability of spectrum and the reduced use of allotted spectral resources by the licensed users (primary users) have led to the development of technology termed as cognitive radio, which aims to provide unlicensed users with a wider range of spectral awareness through the use of a variety of spectrum sensing and sharing options. Cognitive radio technology can help the unlicensed users to discover and make use of the available spectrum through the process of spectrum sensing, thereby improving spectrum utilization and reducing spectrum scarcity across wireless networks. One of the primary growth determinants for utilizing the large number of internet of things (IoT) networks and quality mobile broadband services is the availability of enough spectrum resources, but in practice, spectrum is usually scarce, due to the adoption of static spectrum allocation policy. Cognitive radio technology can enable efficient and strategic frequency band usage by utilizing available licensed channels, creating a vast spectrum that can support widespread adoption for IoT networks.
Multi-Source Information Fusion Models and Methods Based on Granular Computing
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wang Dexian , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2024

The advantages of the theory of multi-source information fusion (MSIF) lie in its provision of an effective approach to integrate, analyse, and utilize information from multiple diverse sources, facilitating improved decision-making, problem-solving, and information analysis. Granular computing (GrC) is a theoretical, technical, and methodological approach within the current field of intelligent information processing and granularity modelling, aiming to simulate human-like problem-solving. Combining both approaches can enhance the efficiency and quality of fusion. This chapter presents several solutions that combine multi-source information fusion with GrC, including the multi-source homogeneous fusion model and heterogeneous data fusion method. The introduction of these methods contributes to improved handling of uncertainty, fuzziness, and multi-source complexity issues, thereby enhancing the capabilities of information processing and decision support.
The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Su Yeon , Na Hyo-Seok , Ryu Jung-Hee , Shin Hyun-Jung
Published: August 2024

Background: Neuroinflammation is postulated as a potential mechanism underlying postoperative delirium. This study aimed to investigate the impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use on postoperative delirium.Methods: We conducted a literature search in electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science, to identify eligible randomized controlled studies. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative delirium, and the secondary outcomes included pain scores and the amounts of opioid used at 24 h postoperatively. We estimated the effect size through calculating the odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs, as appropriate.Results: In the analysis of eight studies involving 1,238 participants, the incidence of postoperative delirium was 11% and 19% in the NSAID and control groups, respectively, with a significant reduction in the NSAID group (OR: 0.54, 95% CI [0.38, 0.7], P = 0.0001, I2 = 0%). NSAID use had a significant effect on postoperative pain reduction (MD: −0.75, 95% CI [−1.37, −0.13], P = 0.0172, I2 = 88%). Significant lower postoperative opioid consumption was observed in the NSAID group (MD: −2.88, 95% CI [−3.54, −2.22], P = 0.0000; I2 = 0%).Conclusions: NSAID administration reduced the incidence of postoperative delirium, severity of pain, and opioid dose used.
Varicocele and nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Kavoussi Parviz K , Gupta Chirag , Shah Rupin
Published: August 2024

Approximately 15% of men in the general population have varicoceles, and varicoceles are diagnosed in 40% of men presenting for fertility evaluations. One percent of men in the general population are azoospermic, and 15% of men presenting for fertility evaluations are diagnosed with azoospermia. This article aims to review the impact of varicoceles on testicular function in men with azoospermia, the impact of varicocele repair on the semen parameters of azoospermic men, and the impact of varicocele repair on sperm retrieval and pregnancy outcomes when the male partner remains azoospermic after varicocele repair.
Increasing prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption in the Northeastern region of India: An analysis of two rounds of Global Adult Tobacco Survey I and II (2009–10 and 2016–17)
Authors: Nongrum Melari Shisha , Lewis Melissa Glenda , Sivakami Muthusamy
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Tobacco claims over 8 million lives, with over 80% of the 1.3 billion users residing in low- and middle-income nations. India ranks highest in the proportion of users globally, notably in the Northeastern states. This paper aims to analyze the overall trends of smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) in the Northeast Region (NER) of India between the two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) while analyzing the factors influencing tobacco used in the context of the region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Descriptive analysis, estimation, and comparison of the prevalence of smoking and SLT were conducted for both rounds of GATS. The Chi-square test was employed to examine the association between variables such as gender, age, residence, education level, occupation, marital status, and caste while adjusting for GATS weight.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of smoking tobacco in GATS-II in NER is 19.3%, a decrease of 12% from GATS-I. While the use of manufactured cigarettes decreased by 33.7%, the use of bidi smoking and rolled tobacco in paper/leaf increased by 15.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The prevalence of SLT in GATS-II was 40.5%, a significant increase of 17% from GATS-I. While both genders exhibited increased tobacco usage, females experienced a particularly significant rise (18%) between the two survey rounds. No formal schooling, gender, rural residence, older age group, and occupation were significant factors in influencing the increased use of SLT.

CONCLUSION:

The prevalence of SLT consumption in the NER is on the rise, even as overall trends indicate a decrease in smoking tobacco. To effectively address this issue, tobacco should be integrated as a crosscutting concern across all levels of health programs. Multisectoral collaborations involving communities and schools can achieve regulatory and meaningful reductions in tobacco use.
Perioperative use of Impella device in very high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Kapardhi P. L. N. , Subramanyam G. Rama , Vasireddy Sailaja , Kothawade Kamlesh
Published: August 2024

This case study presents a high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patient with a recent anterior wall myocardial infarction and severely impaired left ventricular function. The patient underwent on-pump CABG with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass support. The management strategy used hybrid mechanical circulatory support, intra-aortic balloon pump, and Impella CP, improved postoperative recovery, and prevented low cardiac output syndrome development.
Determinants of right coronary artery occlusion in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction: A cross-sectional study from Western India
Authors: Yadav Bijay Prakash , Nagarwal Amitesh , Mishra Sundeep , Kushwaha Poonam
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

In acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) and occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA), the most important element is to recognize the culprit artery and the location and size of the infarct, which is essential in the treatment. Adequate knowledge about clinical determinants can aid in prompt and effective management.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to find determinants of RCA occlusion among 103 subjects with IWMI from rural western India.

Results:

About 86.4% of subjects were male. Females experienced IWMI at a later age than males (62.4 ± 10.3 vs. 58.6.1 ± 11.8 years). Bradycardia was more prevalent than tachycardia (44.66% vs. 15.53%). Males had a 5.17 times higher odds of having RCA involvement in IWMI. Subjects with deranged lipid profiles had 2.37 times higher odds of involvement of RCA. RCA involvement was significantly associated with bradycardia (P = 0.006, aOR = 15.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.21–105.7) but not with tachycardia (P = 0.903). Proximal site occlusion was significantly associated (P = 0.027; aOR = 0.103; 95% CI = 0.013–0.772) with bradycardia compared to distal sites. Triple-vessel disease had significantly (P < 0.05) 12.9 times higher odds than single-vessel disease. Total occlusion of RCA was 2.9 times higher than obstructive coronary artery disease.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest determinants associated with RCA involvement in IWMI, including gender, lipid profile, cardiac rhythm disturbances (particularly bradycardia), and the extent and site of coronary artery occlusion. Incorporating these factors into clinical practice, clinicians can better predict the underlying pathophysiology of IWMI, anticipate its hemodynamic and electrophysiologic consequences, and tailor management strategies accordingly.
Multivariable correlations of estimated glomerular filtration rate in 1020 consecutive PCIs in 16 months from a single center
Authors: Reddy Chandra Shekara , Srinivas Arun , Chawath Siddarth Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background:

Contrast-induced nephropathy can occur post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCIs).

Objectives:

To establish the multivariable relationships in all post-PCI patients.

Methods:

Renal function assessed by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate using the modification of diet in renal disease formula and then indexed to respective BSA in consecutive 1020 post-PCI patients from June 2021 to September 2022. The complete raw data of various variables were segregated and analyzed in Microsoft Excel under various headings. Then studied for their clinical significance and interrelationships. Statistical significance was studied with number, percentages, maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation etc., and specific statistics (includes: descriptive statistics provides number, %, interquartile range, etc., correlation statistics-provides Pearson ‘r’ correlation and regression statistics-provides the relationships). Finally, all the results were presented in the form of tables and figures from the data visualization technique.

Results:

The complete analysis of all 1020 PCI patient’s data suggests that age, left ventricular ejection fraction by two-dimensional echocardiography, body mass index, pre-procedural serum creatinine values and volumes of contrast used, and diastolic blood pressure (BP) has directly related to good cardiorenal outcome.

Conclusions:

Post-PCI acute kidney injury is a known entity. Renal functions were affected by multiple variables. Prerenal assessment and management, adequate (pre and post-PCI) hydration therapy, avoiding or minimizing nephrotoxic agents, BP control, staged PCI, precision PCI with additional procedures will not only reduce the contrast agent burden on kidney and will have good cardiorenal outcome.
Systematic review on Vitamin D supplement on hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease outcomes
Authors: Rahman Syed Azizur , Maitra Satwat
Published: August 2024

Globally, Vitamin D insufficiency is a problem that has a considerable impact on people’s health. According to recent studies, Vitamin D may potentially have positive impacts on serum lipid profiles, enhancing coronary condition. Therefore, the main aim of the present review is to examine Vitamin D supplement on hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a comprehensive literature search from 2012 to 2023, comprising Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and additional sources such as Google Scholar and clinicaltrials.gov. We reviewed a wide range of study types, including studies, trials, commentaries, and editorials. To assess bias, we used a recommended methodology, utilizing a two-part tool to address five specific domains: Selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, selective reporting, and other biases. We also employed a quality assessment tool for evaluating the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies. In this review, we incorporated 11 studies. The mean age of the cases was 60.11 years. The Vitamin D supplement mean dose was 8772.42 IU/day. The Vitamin D supplement group showed mean variations in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TAG) cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels of 3.3 mg/dl, 8.6 mg/dl, 10.625 mg/dl, and 9.45 mg/dl, correspondingly. Whereas, the mean variation in HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG as well as total cholesterol levels in the placebo group was 4.185714 mg/dl, 2.60825 mg/dl, 6.50625 mg/dl, and 6.2875 mg/dl, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation demonstrated enhancements in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TAGs. Clinical tests for hypercholesterolemia should be implemented on patients at risk for heart illness and CAD, and Vitamin D supplements are beneficial. For individuals who are Vitamin D deficient, doctors may think about supplementing their routine cholesterol therapies with Vitamin D.
Screening Tools for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnant Women: An Extended and Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Amra Babak , Mansouri Masoud , Soltaninejad Forogh , Feizi Awat , Kaminska Marta
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) increases in women during pregnancy and negatively affects maternal and fetal outcomes. The updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the validity of the Berlin, STOP-Bang, and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) questionnaires in detecting OSA in pregnant women. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically up to March 2022. After eligible studies inclusion, two independent reviewers extracted demographic and clinical data. Bivariate random effects models were used to estimate the pooled accuracy measures including sensitivity and specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPVs), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve. We included 8 studies including 710 pregnant women with suspected OSA. The performance values of Berlin, STOP-Bang, and ESS questionnaires were as follows: the pooled sensitivity were 61% (95% confidence interval (CI): 40%–80%), 59% (95% CI: 49%–69%), and 29%, (95% CI: 10%–60%); pooled specificity were 61% (95% CI: 42%–78%), 80% (95% CI: 55%–93%), and 80% (95% CI: 50%–94%); pooled PPVs were 60% (95% CI: 0.49–0.72), 73% (95% CI: 61%–85%), and 59% (95% CI: 31%–87%); pooled NPVs were 60% (95% CI: 0.49–0.71), 65% (95% CI: 54%–76%), and 53% (95% CI: 41%–64%); and pooled DORs were 3 (95% CI: 1–5), 6 (95% CI: 2–19), and 2 (95% CI: 1–3), respectively. It seems that the Berlin, STOP-Bang, and ESS questionnaires had poor to moderate sensitivity and specificity in pregnancy, with the ESS showing the worst characteristics. Further studies are required to evaluate the performance of alternative screening methods for OSA in pregnancy.
Conscious Sedation Using Nitrous Oxide and Midazolam for Dental Procedures in Pediatric Patients in Armed Forces Hospital – Our Experience
Authors: Singh Gunjan , Jahan Nikahat , Sharma Vineet , Dhiman Manoj , Bhattal Hiteshwar , Yadav Rahul , Chakrabarty Anubhav
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim:

Management of pain and anxiety associated with dental procedures in pediatric age group is a big challenge. In this part of the world, counselling has been the main modality for managing such patients. It is associated with mixed outcome. We share our experience of managing 23 patients using a combination of inhalational nitrous oxide- oxygen and intravenous midazolam with satisfactory outcomes.

Material and Methods:

Patients aged more than six years, American society of anaesthesiologists classification (ASA) I or II, procedure that could be finished within one hour like pulpectomies, root canal treatments, extraction and multiple restorations were accepted for conscious sedation. Complete blood count was done and pre-anaesthetic checkup (PAC) with written informed consent from the parent was taken for the dental procedure under conscious sedation. We placed the nasal mask of the Conscious sedation anesthesia machine and made the child inhale Oxygen/Nitrous oxide mixture. After inhaling variable concentration of nitrous oxide/ oxygen mixture in proportion increasing from 30:70 to 70:30, procedure was done. After completion of the procedure, the patient was administered hundred percent oxygen for five minutes.

Results:

We have done a total of twenty-three cases till now with ages between five to seventeen years. The duration of procedures ranged from 30 min to one and half hour. Two patients less than six years were found to be uncooperative for the procedure.

Conclusion:

Minimum age group that was suitable for conscious sedation was six years and above. Frequent meetings and counselling by the same team should be facilitated prior to taking up for the procedure.
Unveiling the Giants: A Descriptive Study of Giant External Auditory Canal Osteomas – An Uncommon Clinical Odyssey
Authors: Tandon Shruti , Malhotra Tarun , Naga Rahul , Singh Abhay Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background:

External auditory canal (EAC) osteoma, an uncommon manifestation within the mastoid bone, emerges as a particularly intriguing subject of study. Despite its low prevalence, the emergence of giant variants of these osteomas presents unique clinical and therapeutic challenges.

Aim and Objectives:

The study focuses on five patients presenting with giant bony osteomas, aiming to elucidate the prevalence, clinical features, radiological aspects, and optimal management strategies of these lesions.

Material and Methods:

Patients were selected from those presenting to the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department at a tertiary hospital between June 2022 and June 2023. Diagnosis was established through clinical examination and high-resolution computed tomography scans of the temporal bone. The diagnostic process underscored the importance of imaging studies in confirming osteoma characteristics, differentiating them from other conditions like exostosis. Management primarily involved surgical excision using a novel “eggshell thinning” technique to ensure minimal damage to the EAC skin and preserve natural canal contours.

Results:

The patients, predominantly young males, presented with symptoms ranging from hearing loss to ear pain and aural fullness. The outcomes across the cases were optimal, with surgical interventions resulting in symptom resolution. Notably, the innovative eggshell thinning technique facilitated complete removal while preserving skin flap integrity in 80% of cases. The contour of canal was well maintained.

Conclusion:

This research highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing the distinctive features of giant osteomas in the EAC. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of the surgical approach utilized, characterized by minimal trauma and successful preservation of skin flap integrity. The study calls for continued research and documentation to refine strategies for managing such rare entities, underscoring the necessity for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach in otologic surgery.