bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and renin–angiotensin system in uninephrectomised rats
Authors: Yang Ke-Ke , Sui Yi , Zhou Hui-Rong , Shen Jian , Tan Ning , Huang Yan-Mei , LI Sha-Sha , Pan Yan-Hong , Zhang Xiao-Xi , Zhao Hai-Lu
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

The renal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the ultrasensitive energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been implicated in normal and aberrant states of the kidney, but interaction between the RAS and AMPK remains unknown.

Methods:

Ninety-six rats were stratified into four groups: sham, uninephrectomised, uninephrectomised rats treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril or the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan. Histopathological examination at 9 months post-operation and biochemical measurements at 3, 6 and 9 months were performed for changes in renal structure and function. The expression of AMPK and angiotensin II at 9 months was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot.

Results:

Compared with sham rats, uninephrectomised rats demonstrated progressive glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy with cast formation and chronic inflammatory infiltration, in parallel to elevated serum urea, creatinine, urine total protein to creatinine ratio and reduced serum albumin. Overexpression of angiotensin II coexisted with a 85.6% reduction of phosphorylated to total AMPK ratio in the remnant kidney of uninephrectomised rats. RAS blockade by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker substantially normalised AMPK expression, morphological and functional changes of the remnant kidney.

Conclusions:

Uninephrectomy-induced RAS activation and AMPK inhibition in the remnant kidney could be substantially corrected by RAS blockade, suggesting a cross-talk between AMPK and RAS components in uninephrectomised rats.
Air Embolism During TEVAR
Authors: Rohlffs Fiona , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Saleptsis Vasilis , Diener Holger , Debus E. Sebastian , Kölbel Tilo
Published: October 2016

Purpose: To investigate the amount of gas released from Zenith thoracic stent-grafts using standard saline flushing vs the carbon dioxide flushing technique. Methods: In an experimental bench setting, 20 thoracic stent-grafts were separated into 2 groups of 10 endografts. One group of grafts was flushed with 60 mL saline and the other group was flushed with carbon dioxide for 5 minutes followed by 60 mL saline. All grafts were deployed into a water-filled container with a curved plastic pipe; the deployment was recorded and released gas was measured using a calibrated setup. Results: Gas was released from all grafts in both study groups during endograft deployment. The average amount of released gas per graft was significantly lower in the study group with carbon dioxide flushing (0.79 vs 0.51 mL, p=0.005). Conclusion: Thoracic endografts release significant amounts of air during deployment if flushed according to the instructions for use. Application of carbon dioxide for the flushing of thoracic stent-grafts prior to standard saline flush significantly reduces the amount of gas released during deployment. The additional use of carbon dioxide should be considered as a standard flush technique for aortic stent-grafts, especially in those implanted in proximal aortic segments, to reduce the risk of air embolism and stroke.
Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing (EVAS) and Chimney EVAS in the Treatment of Failed Endovascular Aneurysm Repairs
Authors: Youssef Marwan , Zerwes Sebastian , Jakob Rudolf , Salem Oroa , Dünschede Fritz , Vahl Christian F. , Dorweiler Bernhard
Published: October 2016

Purpose: To assess the technical success and clinical outcome of reinterventions using the Nellix Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing (EVAS) System to treat complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients (mean age 79 years; 14 men) with prior EVAR were treated with EVAS between March 2014 and December 2015 at 2 institutions. The failed prior EVARs included 13 bifurcated endografts, 1 bifurcated graft plus fenestrated cuff, and 1 tube endograft. Endoleaks were the predominant indications: type Ia in 10 and type III in 5 (3 type IIIa and 2 type IIIb). All patients presented with progressive aortic aneurysms (median 7.85-cm diameter; range 6.5–11). Eight patients were treated on an urgent or emergency basis (6 symptomatic aneurysms and 2 contained ruptures). All patients underwent Nellix relining of the failed stent-graft; 10 had chimney (Ch) procedures in combination with EVAS (chEVAS) because the proximal landing zones were inadequate. Results: Technical success was 100%. All endoleaks were successfully sealed, and no additional intervention was required. No further endoleak after EVAS or chEVAS was recorded. Endobag protrusion occurred in 1 case without sequelae. One elderly patient with ruptured aneurysm died from multiple organ failure 2 months postoperatively. One renal artery guidewire injury led to nephrectomy because of active bleeding. No reinterventions, aneurysm-related mortalities, graft thrombosis, endoleaks, or chimney graft occlusions were observed during a median follow-up of 8 months (range 3–24). Conclusion: The present preliminary experience demonstrates that the use of EVAS/chEVAS is feasible for treatment of failed EVAR. This technique may be used as bailout or an alternative treatment when other established methods are infeasible or not available.
Blackgirl, One Word: Necessary Transgressions in the Name of Imagining Black Girlhood
Authors: Hill Dominique C.
Published: October 2016

Blackgirls are an oft-disappeared population. Frequently, race or gender in popular and education discourse are foregrounded, leaving the Blackgirls fragmented. By contrast, one word, Blackgirl, rejects compartmentalizing Blackgirls’ lives, stories, and bodies and serves as a symbolic transgression to see them/us as complex and whole. Interlaced with the symbolic is the material needed to value the Black female body. To provide redress for the disregard of Blackgirl experience and posit the Black female body as a site of cultural memory and possibility, this article offers my body as a vessel through which transgression is incited. In particular, it discusses insights from an intergenerational project on Black girlhood and the vital impromptu transgressions/grooves I made during the reflexivity process of my performance. By sharing a Blackgirl’s truths and praxis that arose from yearnings, beauty, genius, and struggles of Black girlhood and being a Blackgirl advocate, this article expands the work of Black Girlhood Studies, interjects Blackgirls into the landscape of girlhood, and contributes to its reterritorialization.
Changes in Structural Connectivity Following a Cognitive Intervention in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Yuan Weihong , Treble-Barna Amery , Sohlberg McKay M. , Harn Beth , Wade Shari L.
Published: October 2016

Objective. Structural connectivity analysis based on graph theory and diffusion tensor imaging tractography is a novel method that quantifies the topological characteristics in the brain network. This study aimed to examine structural connectivity changes following the Attention Intervention and Management (AIM) program designed to improve attention and executive function (EF) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods. Seventeen children with complicated mild to severe TBI (13.66 ± 2.68 years; >12 months postinjury) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurobehavioral measures at time 1, 10 of whom completed AIM and assessment at time 2. Eleven matched healthy comparison (HC) children (13.37 ± 2.08 years) completed MRI and neurobehavioral assessment at both time points, but did not complete AIM. Network characteristics were analyzed to quantify the structural connectivity before and after the intervention. Results. Mixed model analyses showed that small-worldness was significantly higher in the TBI group than the HC group at time 1, and both small-worldness and normalized clustering coefficient decreased significantly at time 2 in the TBI group whereas the HC group remained relatively unchanged. Reductions in mean local efficiency were significantly correlated with improvements in verbal inhibition and both parent- and child-reported EF. Increased normalized characteristic path length was significantly correlated with improved sustained attention. Conclusion. The results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that graph theoretical analysis may be a sensitive tool in pediatric TBI for detecting ( a) abnormalities of structural connectivity in brain network and ( b) structural neuroplasticity associated with neurobehavioral improvement following a short-term intervention for attention and EF.
Medication Effects on EEG Biomarkers in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Isiten Havva Nuket , Cebi Merve , Sutcubasi Kaya Bernis , Metin Baris , Tarhan Nevzat
Published: October 2016

EEG biomarkers have become increasingly used to aid in diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite several studies suggesting that EEG theta/beta ratio may help discriminating ADHD from other disorders, the effect of medications on theta/beta ratio is not known. Forty-three children with ADHD that were evaluated with quantitative EEG before and after methylphenidate were included in the study. Theta/beta ratio, theta and beta powers for whole brain, central, and frontal areas were calculated. Theta/beta power decreased significantly after treatment; however, this change was largely due to an increase in beta power, rather than a fall in theta power. The results suggest that beta power is sensitive to medication effects, while theta power remains as a trait biomarker unaffected by medication status. The value of EEG biomarkers for monitoring neuropsychological performance and clinical status should be explored by future studies.
Simplified Approach Charts Improve Data Retrieval Performance
Authors: Stewart Michael , Laraway Sean , Jordan Kevin , Feary Michael S.
Published: October 2016

The effectiveness of different instrument approach charts to deliver minimum visibility and altitude information during airport equipment outages was investigated. Eighteen pilots flew simulated instrument approaches in three conditions: (a) normal operations using a standard approach chart ( standard-normal), (b) equipment outage conditions using a standard approach chart ( standard-outage), and (c) equipment outage conditions using a prototype decluttered approach chart ( prototype-outage). Errors and retrieval times in identifying minimum altitudes and visibilities were measured. The standard-outage condition produced significantly more errors and longer retrieval times versus the standard-normal condition. The prototype-outage condition had significantly fewer errors and shorter retrieval times than did the standard-outage condition. The prototype-outage condition produced significantly fewer errors but similar retrieval times when compared with the standard-normal condition. Thus, changing the presentation of minima may reduce risk and increase safety in instrument approaches, specifically with airport equipment outages.
Traumatic arteriovenous fistula between the extracranial middle meningeal artery and the pterygoid plexus: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yu Jinlu , Guo Yunbao , Wu Zhongxue , Xu Kan
Published: October 2016

The formation of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between the extracranial middle meningeal artery (MMA) and the pterygoid plexus (PP) is very rare, and understanding of this condition is limited. This paper reports the case of an 8-year-old who suffered minor injuries after a high fall four months prior to admission and showed good recovery after one month. However, the child gradually developed exophthalmos of the left eye and conjunctival redness one month prior to admission. Auscultation revealed an intracranial murmur near the left side of the face, in the temporal region. A digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed rupture of the left extracranial MMA and an AVF between the MMA and the PP. The blood drained toward the cavernous sinus, resulting in retrograde blood flow into the ophthalmic vein and the cortical vein. The diagnosis was an AVF between the MMA and the PP, and a combination of coils and Onyx liquid embolic agent was employed to perform AVF embolization. Follow-up six months later indicated no recurrence of the AVF, and the patient showed good recovery with a normal-appearing left eye. The AVF in this case drained toward the cavernous sinus, and symptoms of increased intracranial venous system pressure were apparent, similar to those produced by fistulas between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. This condition is very rare, and the use of coils in combination with Onyx for AVF embolization is novel, warranting the reporting of the current case.
Cerebral venous sinuses thrombosis in both transverse sinus and torcula: Multistep endovascular treatment and stenting
Authors: Cabral de Andrade G , Lesczynsky A , Clímaco VM , Pereira ER , Marcelino PO , Franco AOC , De Almeida DF
Published: October 2016

Purpose

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an unusual and potentially life-threatening condition with variable and nonspecific clinical symptoms and high morbimortality rates. Standard therapy consists of systemic anticoagulation; although there is no clear evidence about the best choice for treatment, intravenous heparin is used as the first-line treatment modality. Intravenous sinus thrombolysis can be an effective and relatively safe treatment for acutely deteriorating patients who have not responded to conventional therapy. This case report presents the possibility of endovascular treatment in multiple steps with mechanical thrombolysis with balloon, local pharmacological thrombolysis and stenting, in a patient with a severe form of CVST.

Case summary

A 67-year-old woman presented severe headache, agitation and confusion with diagnosis of venous sinus dural thrombosis in both lateral sinus and torcula. After 24 h there was neurological worsening evolving with seizures and numbness even after starting heparin, without sinus recanalization; CT scan showed left temporal intracerebral hemorrhage. We decided to take an endovascular approach in multiple steps. The first step was mechanical static thrombolysis with balloon; the second step was dynamic mechanical thrombolysis with a balloon partially deflated and “pulled”; the third step was local thrombolysis with Actilyse™; finally, the fourth step was angioplasty and reconstruction of the sinuses using multiple carotid stents and complete angiographic recanalization of both sinuses and torcula. After 24 h of endovascular treatment there was full clinical recovery and no tomographic complications.

Conclusion

This result shows that mechanical clot disruption, intrasinus thrombolysis and reconstruction of wall sinuses with stenting can be an endovascular option in the severe form of CVST with intracerebral hemorrhage and rapid worsening of neurological symptoms. Although this type of treatment can re-channel the occluded sinuses, further comparative and randomized studies are needed to clarify its efficacy versus other therapeutic modalities.
Toward a Moderate Autoethnography
Authors: Stahlke Wall Sarah
Published: October 2016

Autoethnography is an avant-garde method of qualitative inquiry that has captured the attention of an ever-increasing number of scholars from a variety of disciplines. Personal experience methods can offer a new and unique vantage point from which to make a contribution to social science yet, autoethnography has been criticized for being self-indulgent, narcissistic, introspective, and individualized. Methodological discussions about this method are polarized. As an autoethnographer and qualitative methodologist with an interest in personal experience methods, I have had the opportunity to review several autoethnographic manuscripts over the years. As my reviews accumulated, I began to see themes in my responses and it became apparent that I was advocating for an approach to autoethnography that lies in contrast to the frequently offered methodological polemics from philosophically divergent scholars. In this article, I draw from the reviews I have done to address topics such as applications and purposes for autoethnography, the degree of theory and analysis used within the method, data sources and dissemination of findings, and ethical issues. I then connect the concerns I see in the reviewed manuscripts to examples in the autoethnographic literature. Ultimately, I propose a moderate and balanced treatment of autoethnography that allows for innovation, imagination, and the representation of a range of voices in qualitative inquiry while also sustaining confidence in the quality, rigor, and usefulness of academic research.
Registered Replication Report
Authors: Wagenmakers E.-J. , Beek T. , Dijkhoff L. , Gronau Q. F. , Acosta A. , Adams R. B. , Albohn D. N. , Allard E. S. , Benning S. D. , Blouin-Hudon E.-M. , Bulnes L. C. , Caldwell T. L. , Calin-Jageman R. J. , Capaldi C. A. , Carfagno N. S. , Chasten K. T. , Cleeremans A. , Connell L. , DeCicco J. M. , Dijkstra K. , Fischer A. H. , Foroni F. , Hess U. , Holmes K. J. , Jones J. L. H. , Klein O. , Koch C. , Korb S. , Lewinski P. , Liao J. D. , Lund S. , Lupianez J. , Lynott D. , Nance C. N. , Oosterwijk S. , Ozdoğru A. A. , Pacheco-Unguetti A. P. , Pearson B. , Powis C. , Riding S. , Roberts T.-A. , Rumiati R. I. , Senden M. , Shea-Shumsky N. B. , Sobocko K. , Soto J. A. , Steiner T. G. , Talarico J. M. , van Allen Z. M. , Vandekerckhove M. , Wainwright B. , Wayand J. F. , Zeelenberg R. , Zetzer E. E. , Zwaan R. A.
Published: October 2016

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a “smile”), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a “pout”). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the “smile” and “pout” conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from −0.11 to 0.16.
Immunity and stroke, the hurdles of stroke research translation
Authors: Pagram Heather , Bivard Andrew , Lincz Lisa F , Levi Christopher
Published: October 2016

Immunomodulatory therapies after stroke have the potential to provide clinical benefit to a subset of patients, but risk subverting the protective, healing aspects of the innate immune response. Neutrophils clear necrotic cerebral tissue and are important in immunomodulation, but can also contribute to tissue injury. Human trials for immunomodulatory stroke treatments in the sub-acute time frame have attempted to prevent peripheral neutrophil infiltration, but none have been successful and one trial demonstrated harm. These unselected trials had broad inclusion criteria and appear to not have had a specific treatment target. Unfortunately, due to the heterogeneous nature of brain ischemia in humans resulting in variation in clinical severity, the negative effect of thrombolytic drugs on the blood–brain barrier, and the heterogeneity of immune response, it may only be a subset of stroke patients who can realistically benefit from immunomodulation therapies. Translational research strategies require both an understanding of lab practices which create highly controlled environments in contrast to clinical practice where the diagnosis of stroke does not require the identification of a vessel occlusion. These differences between lab and clinical practices can be resolved through the integration of appropriate patient selection criteria and use of advanced imaging and ridged patient selection practices in clinical trials which will be an important part to the success of any future trials of translational research such as immunomodulation.
User-Generated Content and Television News Stations
Authors: Colistra Rita , Buchman Eva , Duvall Kevin
Published: October 2016

This study uses a web-based survey of television news directors to examine perceptions of user-generated content (UGC) as well as newsroom policies regarding its use at stations across the United States. Using public sphere and gatekeeping as the theoretical guides, this research found that informal policies were more prevalent than formal policies and that stations shared similar vetting process for using UGC. Additional findings include type of content most used, submission formats, frequency of and main reasons for its use, and overall perceptions of these citizen-submitted materials. The study helps to advance our knowledge about newsroom management’s views of UGC, while providing insight about how television news stations are handling decisions and discussions regarding the use of this ever-growing type of content.
Massive Chondroblastoma of the Talus: Treatment With En Bloc Talectomy and Tibiocalcaneal Arthrodesis: Long-Term Follow-up of a Case
Authors: Bahamonde Munoz Luis , Escudero Heldt Mario
Published: October 2016

Chondroblastomas are benign bone tumors that are usually located at epiphyseal regions of long bones, and are rarely located at the talus. The usual treatment consists of curettage and filling of the bone defect with bone either bone grafts or some other material, such as cement. The authors present a case of a massive chondroblastma of the talus, extending outside of bone boundaries and with a huge soft tissue mass and invasion of the adjacent calcaneus. Management included an en bloc talectomy through a double medial and lateral approach, and curettage and filling with cement of the calcaneal extension. Reconstruction was done by means of a tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis. At 11 years of follow-up, no tumor recurrence has occurred, and the AOFAS functional score is 83 out of 100 points.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Therapeutic
Vulnerability of Giant South American Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) nesting habitat to climate-change-induced alterations to fluvial cycles
Authors: Eisemberg Carla Camilo , Machado Balestra Rafael Antônio , Famelli Shirley , Pereira Fernanda Freda , Diniz Bernardes Virgínia Campos , Carl Vogt Richard
Published: October 2016

A change in seasonal flooding cycles in the Amazon may negatively impact nesting success of the Giant South American Turtle ( Podocnemis expansa). Our aim was to devise a technique that could be replicated in the entire Amazon basin, for monitoring alterations in fluvial cycles and their effects on turtle nest mortality. We mapped the spatial distribution and height of P. expansa nests and tested the effects of different inundation scenarios within the Trombetas River Biological Reserve, Para state, Brazil. We also used historical data on water level and hatchling production to test whether the sharp decline in the Trombetas River P. expansa population over the past thirty years was related to detected changes in the flood pulse. Our models indicate that an increase of 1.5 m in the water level is sufficient to decrease the time of exposure to less than the minimum required for incubation and hatching (55 days above the water) in 50% of the nesting area. This model explains the low hatchling production in dry seasons when the total nesting site exposure was less than 200 days. Since 1971, there was an average decline of 15 days per decade in sandbank exposure during the nesting season (a total of 62 days from 1971 to 2015). However, the decrease in sandbank exposure was not significantly correlated with the sharp decline in hatchling production. Changes to the water cycle in combination with the main sources of decline (overharvest, construction of dams, and dredging of riverbeds) might have an accumulative effect on P. expansa populations.
Stroke Performance Measures Do Not Predict Functional Outcome
Authors: Adelman Eric E. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Smith Melinda A. , Baek Jonggyu , Case Erin C. , Sánchez Brisa N. , Burke James F. , Skolarus Lesli E. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Meurer William J. , Brown Devin L. , Kerber Kevin A. , Levine Deborah A. , Garcia Nelda M. , Campbell Morgan S. , Morgenstern Lewis B.
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose:

Poststroke functional outcome is critical to stroke survivors. We sought to determine whether adherence to current stroke performance measures is associated with better functional outcome 90 days after an ischemic stroke.

Methods:

Utilizing the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi cohort, we examined adherence to 7 ischemic stroke performance measures from February 2009 to June 2012. Adherence to the measures was analyzed in aggregate using a binary defect-free score and an opportunity score, representing the proportion of eligible measures met. The opportunity score ranges from 0 to 1, with values closer to 1 implying better adherence. Functional outcome, defined by an activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) score (range 1-4, higher scores worse), was ascertained at 90 days poststroke. Tobit regression models were fitted to examine the associations between the performance measures and functional outcome, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, including stroke severity.

Results:

There were 565 patients with ischemic stroke included in the analysis. The median ADL/IADL score was 2.32 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.41-3.41). The median opportunity score was 1 (IQR: 0.8-1), and 58.4% of the patients received defect-free care. After adjustment, the opportunity score ( P = .67) and defect-free care ( P = .92) were not associated with functional outcome.

Conclusion:

In this population, adherence to a composite of current stroke performance measures was not associated with poststroke functional outcome after adjustment for other factors. Performance measures that are associated with improved functional outcome should be developed and incorporated into stroke quality measures.
China’s difficult relations with Japan
Authors: Zhao Suisheng
Published: October 2016

Starting from an exploration of unsettled historical memories and anti-Japanese nationalism, this article moves on to examine how Chinese pragmatism helped maintain a superficial friendship for several decades after the normalization of the diplomatic relationship, and how China’s perception of a shifting power balance in its favor led to its increasingly assertive position in territorial disputes. It then analyzes China’s efforts to force Japan to agree to its terms in the solution of historical and territorial disputes, and the need for rationality in China.
Iron Overload and Platelet Function Defects
Authors: Dahi Abdulkader A. , Hanafy Ehab , Al Pakra Mohammed
Published: October 2016

Acquired platelet function defect might be a consequence of iron overload. Even though there are various complications of iron overload, only few reports have indicated some correlations with platelets dysfunction. We report a child with Diamond-Blackfan anemia who has significant complications from iron overload due to chronic blood transfusion, and one of these complications is acquired platelet function defect that manifests with frequent episodes of epistaxis. Therefore, we emphasize the necessity for further studies to confirm direct correlation between iron overload as a causative agent and platelets dysfunction. And we recommend screening for platelets function in patients receiving chronic blood transfusion aiming at possible prevention of any life-threatening bleeding.
Effects of High-Dose Capsaicin on TMD Subjects
Authors: Campbell B.K. , Fillingim R.B. , Lee S. , Brao R. , Price D.D. , Neubert J.K.
Published: October 2016

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a complex musculoskeletal disorder that presents with pain, limited jaw opening, and abnormal noises in the temporomandibular joint. Despite the significant impact that TMD has in terms of suffering and financial burden, relatively few new treatments have emerged; therefore, development of novel treatments to treat TMD pain remains a high priority. The rationale of this study was to use a double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a high-concentration (8%) capsaicin cream on TMD. This is based on the hypothesis that targeting TRP vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) for pain control may provide a novel method for pain relief in TMD patients. TRPV1 is primarily expressed on a population of nociceptive-specific neurons and provides a candidate target for the development of pain treatments. Capsaicin is the primary agonist for TRPV1 and has been used previously in relatively low doses (0.025% to 0.075%) as a therapeutic for a variety of pain disorders, including postherpetic neuralgia and osteoarthritis; however, analgesic efficacy remains equivocal. TMD and healthy control subjects were assigned to either an active capsaicin or vehicle control group. The treatments were applied for 2 h and then removed. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) was completed prior to drug application (baseline), 2 h after drug application, and 1 wk later. Perceived pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) following capsaicin or vehicle cream application. Significantly lower pain was reported in the week after application in the capsaicin-treated TMD subjects. For QST measures, there was a decreased thermal pain threshold 2 h after capsaicin application for both the control and TMD groups, but this resolved within a week. Capsaicin had no effect on pressure pain threshold or mechanical sensitivity in both TMD and healthy individuals. This study demonstrates that 8% topical capsaicin therapy is a relatively safe, simple, and effective treatment for patients with TMD.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study evaluated a novel topical capsaicin therapy for reducing orofacial pain. The results of this study can be used to provide another treatment option for patients with TMD.
Judgment of the Quality of Restorative Care as Predictors of Restoration Retreatment: Findings from the National Dental PBRN
Authors: Riley J.L. , Gilbert G.H. , Ford G.W. , Fellows J.L. , Rindal B. , Gordan V.V. ,   for the National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: October 2016

The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a patient’s subjective assessments of the dentist’s technical competence, quality of care, and anticipated restoration longevity during a restorative visit are predictive of restoration outcome. This prospective cohort study involved 3,326 patients who received treatment for a defective restoration in a permanent tooth, participated in a baseline patient satisfaction survey, and returned for follow-up. Of the 4,400 restorations that were examined by 150 dentists, 266 (6%) received additional treatment after baseline. Reporting satisfaction with the technical skill of the dentist or quality of the dental work at baseline was not associated with retreatment after baseline. However, patients’ views at baseline that the fee was reasonable (odds ratio [OR], 1.6) was associated with retreatment after baseline, whereas satisfaction at baseline with how long the filling would last (OR, 0.6) was associated with less retreatment. These findings suggest that retreatment occurs more often for patients who at baseline are satisfied with the cost or who at baseline have less confidence in the restoration. The authors found no associations between restoration retreatment and the patients’ baseline evaluations of the technical skills of their dentists or perceptions of quality care.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Dental patients’ ratings of their dentist’s skills were not related to a restoration needing retreatment. Patients focus on other aspects of the dental visit when making this judgment.
Christianity 2017: Five Hundred Years of Protestant Christianity
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Zurlo Gina A. , Hickman Albert W. , Crossing Peter F.
Published: October 2016

Throughout 2017, Protestants around the world will celebrate five hundred years of history. Although for several centuries the Protestant movement was based in Europe, then North America, from its Western homelands it eventually spread all over the world. In 2017 there are 560 million Protestants found in nearly all the world’s 234 countries. Of these 560 million, only 16 percent are in Europe, with 41 percent in Africa, a figure projected to reach 53 percent by 2050. The article also presents the latest statistics related to global Christianity and its mission.
Are Migrant Churches Missional? A Case for Expanding Our Geography of Missions
Authors: John Stanley
Published: October 2016

Many church leaders conclude that immigrant churches are not engaged in missions, based on a limited view of the geographic scope of missions. The “going principle” assumes that mission activity involves cross-cultural engagement, while the “staying principle” refers to embracing the local neighborhood where the church is located. While useful, both principles limit our vision of missional engagement. It is helpful to employ the theory of transnationalism to expand the notion of place and geography, allowing us to capture the full scope of missional engagement by many immigrant churches. The article concludes with a case study of Kerala Pentecostal churches.
Cystatin C is a useful predictor of early neurological deterioration following ischaemic stroke in elderly patients with normal renal function
Authors: Kim Tae Jung , Kang Min Kyoung , Jeong Han-Gil , Kim Chi Kyung , Kim Yerim , Nam Ki-Woong , Mo Heejung , An Sang Joon , Ko Sang-Bae , Yoon Byung-Woo
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Cystatin C has been suggested as a sensitive marker of renal function. A high level of cystatin C is related to cardiovascular disease and stroke in elderly patients. We investigated the relationship between levels of cystatin C and early neurological deterioration with acute ischaemic stroke in elderly patients without chronic kidney disease.

Patients and methods

We evaluated a total of 771 elderly patients (mean age, 72.2; male, 59.0%) without chronic kidney disease who were admitted following acute ischaemic stroke between March 2010 and January 2015. The patients were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of serum cystatin C values. Early neurological deterioration was defined as an increase of ≥2 points from the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score during the 7 days following onset. We compared the clinical characteristics and cystatin C concentrations between patients with and without early neurological deterioration.

Results

Eighty-six patients (11.2%) experienced early neurological deterioration. The percentage values of the higher (third and fourth) quartiles were significantly higher in the early neurological deterioration group (30.2% vs. 24.4% and 34.9% vs. 23.8%, P = 0.002). After adjustment for covariates, higher cystatin C levels were independently associated with a higher risk of early neurological deterioration: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for second quartile 1.59 (0.70–3.58), third quartile 2.75 (1.25–6.04), fourth quartile 3.12 (1.36–7.16); P for trend 0.026.

Discussion and conclusions

This study demonstrated that cystatin C concentrations in elderly patients without chronic kidney disease were associated with early neurological deterioration following acute stroke. This suggests that cystatin C level could be a useful predictor for early neurological deterioration following acute stroke.
Detection of Aortic Dissection by a Combined Abdominal Sonogram and Computed Tomography Angiogram
Authors: Simpson Samantha , Fisher Kelsy Loren
Published: October 2016

Aortic dissection is a rare pathology of the aorta involving separation of the layers of the aortic wall—specifically, the tunica intima and the tunica media. The type of aortic dissection involved is classified by where the separation occurs on the aorta. This case study presents the instrumental significance of performing complete versus limited abdominal sonographic examinations, including abdominal aorta evaluation. Initially, a limited abdominal sonogram was ordered to rule out gallbladder disease. The sonogram was reordered as a complete abdominal study, which led to the diagnosis of aortic dissection. The diagnosis was supported through sonographic features and computed tomography evaluation. The combined use of these two imaging modalities provided an accurate diagnosis and classification regarding the type of aortic dissection. A proper diagnosis and classification facilitated the appropriate treatment related to this type of aortic dissection.
Lower extremity and carotid artery disease in COPD
Authors: Pizarro Carmen , Linnhoff Fabian , van Essen Fabian , Pingel Simon , Schaefer Christian Alexander , Schahab Nadjib , Fimmers Rolf , Nickenig Georg , Skowasch Dirk
Published: October 2016

In view of their common chronic inflammatory process, we sought to determine the linkage between peripheral artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

107 COPD patients (mean±sdage 64.6±10.4 years, 52.2% male) and 22 control smokers without previously diagnosed peripheral artery disease underwent standardised angiological examination for lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) and carotid artery disease.

LEAD was significantly more prevalent in COPD patients than in controls (80.4%versus54.5%, p=0.002). Among COPD patients, 57.0%, 12.2%, 10.3% and 0.9% were found to be in Fontaine stages I, IIA, IIB and III, respectively. As with carotid artery disease, its frequency increased from 36.4% in controls to 58.9% in COPD patients (p=0.003). Carotid plaque burden, LEAD Fontaine degrees as well as pulse wave index and ankle–brachial index manifested significant impairment over percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1% pred) (p=0.02, p<0.001, p=0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease status was the strongest independent predictor for the presence of plaque in lower extremity arteries (odds ratio 1.63, 95% CI 1.19–2.25, p=0.003) and carotids (odds ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.14–2.44, p=0.009).

As compared with control smokers, peripheral artery disease is diagnosed in a sizeable proportion of COPD patients and exhibits significant distributive differences over FEV1% pred that exceed the susceptibility conferred by common cardiovascular stressors.
Efficacy and Safety of an Injectable Combination Hormonal Contraceptive for Men
Authors: Behre Hermann M. , Zitzmann Michael , Anderson Richard A. , Handelsman David J. , Lestari Silvia W. , McLachlan Robert I. , Meriggiola M. Cristina , Misro Man Mohan , Noe Gabriela , Wu Frederick C. W. , Festin Mario Philip R. , Habib Ndema A. , Vogelsong Kirsten M. , Callahan Marianne M. , Linton Kim A. , Colvard Doug S.
Published: October 2016

Context:

The development of a safe and effective reversible method of male contraception is still an unmet need.

Objective:

Evaluation of suppression of spermatogenesis and contraceptive protection by coadministered im injections of progestogen and testosterone.

Design:

Prospective multicentre study.

Setting:

Ten study centers.

Participants:

Healthy men, aged 18–45 years, and their 18- to 38-year-old female partners, both without known fertility problems.

Intervention:

Intramuscular injections of 200-mg norethisterone enanthate combined with 1000-mg testosterone undecanoate, administered every 8 weeks.

Main Outcomes Measures:

Suppression of spermatogenesis by ejaculate analysis, contraceptive protection by pregnancy rate.

Results:

Of the 320 participants, 95.9 of 100 continuing users (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.8–97.9) suppressed to a sperm concentration less than or equal to 1 million/mL within 24 weeks (Kaplan-Meier method). During the efficacy phase of up to 56 weeks, 4 pregnancies occurred among the partners of the 266 male participants, with the rate of 1.57 per 100 continuing users (95% CI, 0.59–4.14). The cumulative reversibility of suppression of spermatogenesis after 52 weeks of recovery was 94.8 per 100 continuing users (95% CI, 91.5–97.1). The most common adverse events were acne, injection site pain, increased libido, and mood disorders. Following the recommendation of an external safety review committee the recruitment and hormone injections were terminated early.

Conclusions:

The study regimen led to near-complete and reversible suppression of spermatogenesis. The contraceptive efficacy was relatively good compared with other reversible methods available for men. The frequencies of mild to moderate mood disorders were relatively high.
Visual Technologies of Imperial Anthropology: Tsuboi Shōgorō And Multiethnic Japanese Empire
Authors: Kang Inhye
Published: October 2016

Visual technologies were significant tools in the field of anthropology throughout the late nineteenth century, when they were frequently used for studying and exploring other ethnicities. This article argues that visual technologies played an active role for Japanese anthropologists not only in investigating other Asian nations but also in conceptualizing the Japanese empire as a multiethnic nation. Tsuboi Shōgorō—a founding father of modern Japanese anthropology—and his scholarly group, the Tokyo Anthropological Association, employed a variety of visual media in their work, ranging from sketches and photographs to exhibitions. Their use of visual methods, however, has been discussed only in terms of their “othering” of neighboring nations; this article, rather, explores how these visual technologies led these anthropologists to visualize the Japanese empire as a composite of multiple ethnic nations, with each group keeping its own customs and culture. This article focuses on the anthropological exhibitions that Tsuboi and his colleagues organized and participated in. It first examines how these exhibition activities produced a general-type image of each ethnic group and yet placed them within a hierarchical frame; then, secondly, it investigates how they visualized the multiethnicity of the Japanese empire by bringing all the other ethnicities to one place.
New SigD-regulated genes identified in the rhizobacteriumBacillus amyloliquefaciensFZB42
Authors: Fan Ben , Li Yu-Long , Mariappan Aruljothi , Becker Anke , Wu Xiao-Qin , Borriss Rainer
Published: October 2016

The alternative sigma factor D is known to be involved in at least three biological processes in Bacilli: flagellin synthesis, methyl-accepting chemotaxis and autolysin synthesis. Although many Bacillus genes have been identified as SigD regulon, the list may be not be complete. With microarray-based systemic screening, we found a set of genes downregulated in the sigD knockout mutant of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum FZB42. Eight genes (appA, blsA, dhaS, spoVG, yqgA, RBAM_004640, RBAM_018080 and ytk) were further confirmed by quantitative PCR and/or northern blot to be controlled by SigD at the transcriptional level. These genes are hitherto not reported to be controlled by SigD. Among them, four genes are of unknown function and two genes (RBAM_004640 and RBAM_018080), absent in the model strain B. subtilis 168, are unique to B. amyloliquefaciens stains. The eight genes are involved in sporulation, biofilm formation, metabolite transport and several other functions. These findings extend our knowledge of the regulatory network governed by SigD in Bacillus and will further help to decipher the roles of the genes.
Numerical synthesis of ionograms in horizontally inhomogeneous ionosphere on the basis of compound parabolic layer model
Authors: Ларюнин Олег , Laryunin Oleg
Published: October 2016

Characteristic U-shaped traces (cusps) on ionograms have been identified as off-angle echoes from sloping electron density contours caused by the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Temporal evolution of the cusps is associated with horizontal drift of the disturbances.

A potential for reducing calculation time in numerical synthesis of vertical ionograms is under discussion.

Since numerical ray tracing is computationally intensive, we have developed simplified formulation for this study. The suggested model of compound parabolic layer allows us to analytically calculate ray paths. Changes in the shape of the ionogram cusp caused by varying TID characteristics are examined.
The Impact of Idea Generation and Potential Appropriation on Entrepreneurship: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hooshangi Soheil , Loewenstein George
Published: October 2016

Using a novel experimental paradigm, we explore how the experience of generating an idea and the possibility that another investor might adopt a rejected investment opportunity, bias the investment decisions of innovator and imitator entrepreneurs. We find that individuals who generate a business idea form biased evaluations of the economic potential of ideas, be it their own idea or somebody else’s idea. On the one hand, they are overconfident about the value of, and overly likely to invest in, their own idea. On the other hand, when investing in another person’s idea, even if it is not competing with their own idea, they are underconfident about the value of, and insufficiently likely to invest in, the idea. Surprisingly, we find that entrepreneurial experience exacerbates this pattern of over- and underconfidence. In addition, we find that the threat that another investor can appropriate a declined investment opportunity increases willingness to invest. We propose a theoretical account to explain the observed pattern of over- and underconfidence in imitative and innovative entrepreneurship. Our findings challenge the traditional account that lowering the cost of imitation has a disincentive effect on the investment decisions of pioneer entrepreneurs and provide evidence that a more lenient appropriability regime may, unexpectedly, have positive effects on entrepreneurship. Our findings also identify new psychological mechanisms that can play a role in important phenomena such as the emergence of spin-offs and rush to market entry.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2566 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
On the Hardest Problem Formulations for the 0/1 Lasserre Hierarchy
Authors: Kurpisz Adam , Leppänen Samuli , Mastrolilli Monaldo
Published: October 2016

The Lasserre/Sum-of-Squares (SoS) hierarchy is a systematic procedure for constructing a sequence of increasingly tight semidefinite relaxations. It is known that the hierarchy converges to the 0/1 polytope in n levels and captures the convex relaxations used in the best available approximation algorithms for a wide variety of optimization problems. In this paper we characterize the set of 0/1 integer linear problems and unconstrained 0/1 polynomial optimization problems that can still have an integrality gap at level n − 1. These problems are the hardest for the Lasserre hierarchy in this sense.