bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-viral approaches in CAR-NK cell engineering: connecting natural killer cell biology and gene delivery
Authors: McErlean Emma M. , McCarthy Helen O.
Published: September 2024

Natural Killer (NK) cells are exciting candidates for cancer immunotherapy with potent innate cytotoxicity and distinct advantages over T cells for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy. Concerns regarding the safety, cost, and scalability of viral vectors has ignited research into non-viral alternatives for gene delivery. This review comprehensively analyses recent advancements and challenges with non-viral genetic modification of NK cells for allogeneic CAR-NK therapies. Non-viral alternatives including electroporation and multifunctional nanoparticles are interrogated with respect to CAR expression and translational responses. Crucially, the link between NK cell biology and design of drug delivery technologies are made, which is essential for development of future non-viral approaches. This review provides valuable insights into the current state of non-viral CAR-NK cell engineering, aimed at realising the full potential of NK cell-based immunotherapies.

Graphical Abstract

Non-viral production of “off-the-shelf” CAR-NK cells. 1. NK cells may be purified from donor blood, differentiated from stem cells or produced from immortalised cell lines in the lab. 2. NK-specific CAR design modified from CAR-T designs to include NK transmembrane domains (NKG2D, NKp44), co-stimulatory receptors (e.g., DAP10, 2B4) and NK cell receptors (NKG2D). 3. Non-viral genetic modification of NK cells can include delivery of CAR construct via DNA or mRNA, and knock-in/out of specific genes using gene editing tools (e.g., CRISPR Cas9, transposons). This requires a gene delivery method which may include electroporation, lipid and multifunctional nanoparticles and cell penetrating peptides. The resultant CAR-NK cells are then expanded in vitro and may be delivered as an "off-the-shelf" product to treat multiple patients.
Storage of firearms in vehicles: findings from a sample of firearm owners in nine U.S. states
Authors: Testa Alexander , Semenza Daniel C. , Anestis Michael
Published: September 2024

Background

In recent years, there has been a growing number of thefts of firearms stored in vehicles. Despite this trend, there is limited research on firearm storage patterns in vehicles in the United States. This study investigates these storage patterns and evaluates the relationship between the surge in firearm purchases after March 2020 and the practice of storing firearms in vehicles.

Methods

Firearm storage practices were classified into four categories: (a) no vehicle storage, (b) locked vehicle storage only, (c) unlocked vehicle storage only, and (d) both locked and unlocked vehicle storage. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between vehicle firearm storage practices and the main independent variable (firearm purchases since March 2020), adjusting for covariates.

Results

Those who purchased a firearm since March 2020 were significantly more likely to store at least one firearm in a vehicle unlocked only (RRR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.45–3.99) or both locked and unlocked (RRR = 2.57, 95% CI .180–3.67) compared to the reference category of no vehicle storage.

Conclusion

Individuals who purchased a firearm after March 2020 were more likely to report storing a firearm in a vehicle. Given the limited research on patterns of firearm storage in vehicles, these findings provide novel evidence suggesting that firearm purchases following the March 2020 firearm purchasing surge may have fomented behaviors that increased the likelihood of firearm storage in automobiles. Moving forward, there is a need for additional quantitative and qualitative research that can better understand patterns and motivations of firearm storage in vehicles.
Consequences of slope instability and existing practices of mitigation in hydropower projects of Nepal
Authors: Regmi Sanjeev , Dahal Ranjan Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Nepal has witnessed several instances of slope instability associated with Hydroelectric Projects in the recent decades. Despite this, slope instability tends to receive less attention compared to other hazards.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate fourteen hydroelectric projects with the aim of identifying the types and causes of slope failures. Additionally, it seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of slope stability conditions and challenges encountered during construction at project sites.

Methods

To accomplish this, the study employs Key Informant Interviews with Questionnaires to delve into the slope stability concerns within Nepal’s hydropower projects. The findings are then validated through an extensive review of pertinent literature. To conduct a thorough assessment of slope stability, the study relies on on-site observations, measurements, investigations, and both in-situ and laboratory tests.

Results

It becomes evident that the careful selection of study sites, the application of geotechnical methods, and the establishment of regular monitoring are pivotal for ensuring favorable slope stability outcomes.

Conclusion

A majority of respondents concur that cutslope is the primary factor causing slope instability with 44.4% answering affirmatively. An independent t-test reveals there is no significant difference between the variables. Moreover, the correlation which is closed to 1 suggests that perception of respondents are interconnected and tend to vary in a synchronized manner. Participants in the study widely acknowledge numerical modeling methods as a means to overcome the limitations of slope stability studies.
Mir-150-5p distinguishes acute pulmonary embolism, predicts the occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension, and regulates ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury
Authors: Wu Yue , Sun Xin , Cui Guangqiang , Wang Shu
Published: September 2024

Background

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a major type of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with a high risk of mortality and disability. There is a lack of biomarkers for APE to indicate deteriorating development and predict adverse outcomes. This study evaluated the significance of miR-150-5p in APE aiming to explore a novel potential biomarker for APE.

Methods

The study enrolled APE (n = 137) and deep wein thrombosis (DVT, n = 67) patients and collected plasma samples from all study subjects. The expression of miR-150-5p was analyzed by PCR and its significance in screening APE and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was assessed by receiver operating curve (ROC) and logistic analyses. The study established oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). Through cell transfection combined with cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the effect of miR-150-5p on ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury was evaluated.

Results

Significant downregulation of miR-150-5p was observed in the plasma of APE patients compared with DVT patients (P < 0.0001). The plasma miR-150-5p levels in APE patients occurred PAH was much lower than in patients without PAH (P < 0.0001). Reducing miR-150-5p distinguished APE patients from DVT patients (AUC = 0.912) and was identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of PAH in APE patients (OR = 0.385, P = 0.010). In HUVECs, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) caused inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD). Overexpressing miR-150-5p could promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress of ox-LDL-treated HUVECs.

Conclusions

Downregulated plasma miR-150-5p served as a diagnostic biomarker for APE and predicted the predisposition of PAH in APE patients. Overexpressing miR-150-5p could alleviate ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury in HUVECs.
Identification of autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy caused by a novel mutation in RELN in China: a case report
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhu Yanmei , Zhong Wenqiang , He Jia , Gou Haiyan , Zhu Yulan
Published: September 2024

Background

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal epilepsy, but hereditary factors are usually overlooked. Reelin (RELN) is considered to be the second most common pathogenic gene implicated in autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE). However, this mutation is not frequently discovered in the Chinese population. Additionally, there are few clinical studies regarding the connection between RELN and glioma.

Case presentation

The healthcare records of an 8-year-old child who experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) during sleep for 7 years were retrospectively analyzed. In addition to experiencing his first seizure at the age of one, his mother also suffered from GTCS during her pregnancy, and a glioma was discovered. An investigation involving gene sequencing was conducted on the proband and his parents. He was diagnosed with ADLTE once a missense mutation in RELN (c.1799 C > T) was identified as the causal factor. The mutation was inherited from his mother. He was taking levetiracetam (500 mg twice a day) to avoid seizures, but his mother died of status epilepticus caused by glioma recurrence two years earlier.

Conclusions

Genetic issues should be given more consideration in cases of temporal lobe epilepsy. If the source of the seizures is determined to be inherited, anti-seizure medications should be used for prolonged periods. Furthermore, more research is required to determine whether mutations in RELN are related to the occurrence and progression of gliomas.
Frequency of Cerebral Aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT Cerebral Angiography
Authors: Sana  , Shoukat Shaista , Tabassum Sumera , Shahbaz Haania
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of cerebral aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage on CT cerebral angiography.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Radiology, JPMC, Karachi from 5th June 2022 to 30th January 2023. Total 176 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage irrespective of gender were selected. CT angiography of cerebral vessels was performed. Cerebral aneurysm was noted as per operational definition and recorded.
Results: Age range was from 18 to 60 years. Mean age was 39.516±6.77 years, Mean BMI 29.630±3.08 Kg/m2. and mean duration of symptoms was 7.721±2.40 days. Male patients were 80.1% and females were 19.9%. Cerebral aneurysm was observed in 91.4% female and 78.7% male patients. Aneurysmal percentage was slightly higher in younger (18-40 years) age group (84.2% vs 80.4%) as compared to older (40-60) age group but statistically not significant. Although total percentage of female was quite less 19.9% (n=35 vs n=141 male), in this lesser female percentage, aneurysmal detection was higher as compared to male gender (91.4% vs 78.7%). Distribution of aneurysms according to vessel involved was; 28.7% along anterior communicating artery, 28.3% related to middle cerebral artery and, 22.9% were along posterior communicating vessel. Rest was distributed among other vessels including tip of basilar artery.
Conclusion: In Our study aneurysms was seen 81.3% in patients of subarachnoid hemorrhage having CT angiography at our center in Karachi Pakistan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8653
How to cite this: Sana, Shoukat S, Tabassum S, Shahbaz H. Frequency of Cerebral Aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT Cerebral Angiography. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8653
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of neonatal meningitis in sepsis
Authors: Saeed Ahmed  , Sundus Akhtar  , Aysha Sultan  , Ayaz ur Rehman
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency, associated risk factors, and outcome of meningitis in neonates presenting with sepsis at Aga khan Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatrics department of Aga Khan Tertiary University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from July 31, 2020, till January 30, 2021. Neonates of either gender admitted with neonatal sepsis were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Meningitis was diagnosed as per the findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along with the outcome in terms of death and early neurological complications such as subdural effusions and hydrocephalus.
Results: Of 209 neonates with sepsis, meningitis was observed in 59 (28.2%) neonates. A significantly lower mean weight (p-value 0.024) while significantly higher mean duration of stay (p-value <0.001) was observed in patient with meningitis. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of meningitis was observed in neonates who had fever (p-value 0.048), vomiting (p-value 0.009), abdominal distension (p-value <0.001), and blood culture positivity (p-value <0.001). Blood culture positive Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was considerably higher among neonates with meningitis. Of 59 neonates with meningitis, mortality was observed in 2 (3.4%) neonates. Positive CSF culture was observed in 6 (2.9%) while hydrocephalus was observed in 7 (11.9%) and effusion in 6 (10.2%) neonates.
Conclusion: Neonatal meningitis is common in neonates presenting with sepsis, but mortality rate is low. Positive cultures, particularly with MSSA, further underscore the bacterial etiology in neonatal meningitis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8890
How to cite this: Ahmed S, Akhtar S, Sultan A, Ayaz ur Rehman. Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of neonatal meningitis in sepsis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8890
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Average Carbohydrate and CaLoric Intake of Patients with Type-2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: ACCLIP study
Authors: Kiran Habib  , Shumaila Gul  , Aamir Azizul Hasan
Published: September 2024

Background & Objective: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases and a serious health issue worldwide because of its rising prevalence amongst the young adults. Dietary diversity, rapid economic development and sedentary lifestyle are amongst the common factors contributing for the rapid rise of diabetes. Our objective was to assess the average carbohydrate (CHO) and caloric consumption and its association with obesity and disease status in patients with Type-2 diabetic patients in an outpatient setting.
Methods: This study was performed at an outpatient department (OPD), of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Patients with T2DM were interviewed who completed dietary assessment using 24 hours dietary recall method.
Results: A total of 150 patients with Type-2 diabetes were interviewed. The mean carbohydrate intake was 400.3±106 mg/day, out of which 43.3 % participant’s had carbohydrate intake above recommendations. The mean energy intake for all participants was 2504.5±587.4 Kcal/day. Majority of the participants were overweight and obese with mean BMI of 28kg/m2 ± 4.4. There was no significant difference in energy and carbohydrate intake between male and female participants.
Conclusions: Majority of Pakistani patients with Type-2 diabetes consume foods rich in carbohydrate as well as have high caloric value. These finding were more in patients with no formal education compared to those who were well educated with a degree.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8968
How to cite this: Habib K, Gul S, Aamir AH. Average Carbohydrate and CaLoric Intake of Patients with Type-2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: ACCLIP study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8968
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of different mouthwash solutions on the surface morphology, nanohardness and flexural modulus of nickel-titanium orthodontic wire
Authors: Sawan Nozha Mahmoud , Gassem Afnan
Published: September 2024

Objective: This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effect of different mouthwash solutions on the surface and mechanical properties of NiTi arch wire.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia from September 2023 to November 2023. A 30 mm NiTi wires in length with 0.017 × 0.022” in dimensions were selected and equally divided into four groups: Control (G0) group wires were immersed in distilled water (DW); G1 wires were immersed in antiseptic mouthwash; G2 wires were immersed in fluoridated mouthwash; and G3 wires were immersed in therapeutic mouthwash. Surface morphology, nanohardness, and flexural modulus were evaluated at 24-hours, four weeks, and eight weeks’ time points. Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (P<0.05).
Results: The arch wires immersed in DW showed insignificant effects on surface roughness, nanohardness, and flexural modulus at different time points. However, all the experimental groups showed a significant effect of time and immersion solutions on the said properties (P<0.05). At the end of eight weeks, G3 showed the highest surface roughness (0.346 ± 0.032 µm) and the lowest nanohardness (1.350 ± 0.412 GPa) and flexural modulus (3.960 ± 0.140 MPa) compared to other study groups.
Conclusions: The efficiency of tooth realignment could be influenced by the detrimental influence of fluoride and hydrogen peroxide mouthwash solutions on superelastic NiTi arch wires.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9428
How to cite this: Sawan NM, Gassem AAB. Effect of different mouthwash solutions on the surface morphology, nanohardness and flexural modulus of nickel-titanium orthodontic wire . Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9428
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE VIRTUAL LABORATORY "FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMIZATION AND PROGRAMMING"
Authors: Gurikov Sergey , Metrik Evgeniya
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the experience of developing a virtual laboratory for algorithmization and programming based on the resources of a higher educational institution. This interactive platform provides convenient interaction between students and teachers, helps to improve the programming skills of its users and allows teachers to effectively manage the learning process within the framework of the courses they have created.
The relevance of this work is due to the need to use auxiliary tools in the educational process in full-time or distance learning.
The main stages of the program development are described, in particular, a comparative analysis of existing solutions is performed, the roles of users and their tasks are considered, and the main functional characteristics of the developed application are listed. The general algorithm of the application functioning is described.
Various aspects of radiosurgery – a review
Authors: Kozikowska Marta , Kmak Bożena , Szot Anna
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose
Radiosurgery (RS) is an innovative treatment method that involves the precise administration of a large dose of ionizing radiation to the diseased area of ​​the body sparing healthy tissues maximally. The treatment is non-invasive and usually painless for the patient, and its greatest advantage is the immediate destruction of cancer cells. The method enables the treatment of tumors which are located within the brain tissue, but also of extracranial lesions in almost all organs of the human body. The aim of this article is to compare the structure, principles of operation, advantages, disadvantages and the use of Gamma Knife and CyberKnife in neurosurgery. These devices are used to perform radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy procedures. They are an alternative to neurosurgical procedures, especially for cancerous tumors located in hard-to-reach places, and significantly reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
Materials and methods
The literature included in the PubMed, BioMed Central and Polish Medical Platform databases is searched by means of the words such as Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, radiosurgery, stereotactic radiotherapy. Quoted sources in selected works were also used.
Conclusions
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an element of radical, palliative or analgesic treatment of well-circumscribed small lesions, less than 5 cm in diameter. Gamma Knife and CyberKnife enable cancerous and non-cancerous treatment lesions. Both procedures are performed on an outpatient basis and are considered minimally invasive procedures, especially recommended for patients who cannot undergo neurosurgical surgery or require less invasive cancer treatment. Gamma Knife was designed for radiosurgery of lesions located intracranially and covering the upper parts of the cervical spine up to the level of the fourth cervical vertebra, while CyberKnife or modern linear accelerators are used for intracranial and extracranial radiosurgery.
The role of collagen in joint disorders: Applications in orthopedics, rheumatology, and sports medicine
Authors: Wojcieszek Maria , Szałajska Julia , Wierzejska Natalia , Domański Mikołaj , Kopczyńska Barbara , Czyżniewska Oliwia , Czupryńska Karolina , Otręba Karina
Published: September 2024

Joint diseases are prevalent in orthopedic, rheumatological, and sports medicine fields, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Collagen, a primary component of connective tissues, has emerged as a therapeutic agent for these conditions. This article explores the applications of collagen in joint diseases, comparing oral and intra-articular administration, evaluating optimal dosages, assessing single versus long-term therapies, discussing side effects, and examining the benefits of hydrolyzed versus non-hydrolyzed collagen. Additionally, explore various sources of collagen and their respective advantages for patient care.
Diet and selected stimulants as factors promoting carcinogenesis in oral cancer
Authors: Kras Magdalena , Lelek Katarzyna , Poborowska Dominika , Polańska Katarzyna , Kahan Weronika , Szafrańska Weronika , Wojaczek Marta , Niedbał Piotr , Kosińska Agnieszka , Łata Marcin
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose
Oral cancer belongs to a heterogeneous group of head and neck cancers. In many cases, it is detected at an advanced stage, which translates into a relatively high mortality rate among patients. For this reason, the identification of risk factors promoting carcinogenesis is of great importance in terms of prevention. The purpose of our study is to demonstrate the relationship between the type of diet consumed and the intake of stimulants and the risk of developing oral cancer.
State of knowledge
This article is an overview of selected dietary ingredients and stimulants - tobacco, alcohol and betel, presenting their possible effects on the oral area. We have presented both dietary products known for their harmfulness and those with health-promoting effects. 
Material and method
In our work, we focused on analyzing medical literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar. The sources we have chosen are based on studies conducted in epidemiology, biochemistry and oncology.
Summary
Dietary habits and ingested stimulants have a direct impact on the development of oral cancer. Depending on the content of various components, the diet may exhibit protective properties or promote carcinogenesis. On the other hand, chronic habitual use of certain substances has been found to be a strong factor in increasing the risk of oral malignancies. Therefore, efforts should be made to raise public awareness of the potential consequences of pro-inflammatory diets and stimulants intake.
Research On The Development Status Of Youth Women's Football In ChongQing Of China
Authors: Wang Shaojie , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2024

Youth women's football is the hope of the future development of Chinese women's football, and it is a reserve force that needs to be cultivated. This paper analyzes and discusses the development of youth women's football in Chongqing by using literature and logical analysis methods, explores the new development path of youth women's football in Chongqing, and realizes the value of football policy. It is concluded that the development path of youth women's soccer in Chongqing should be sorted out again, the path should be comprehensively thought about, and the development system of youth women's soccer in Chongqing should be jointly promoted, so as to build a good development system of youth women's soccer and provide a better path for the development of youth women's soccer in Chongqing. Based on this, it is proposed to strengthen the construction of teacher team and improve the overall quality of football teachers. At the student level, football classes are set up based on interest; Talent training level: Build a smooth talent training mechanism, grasp the relationship between student learning and training, talent training system endowed with comprehensiveness and foundation; At the competition level, multi-party cooperation and participation will effectively integrate the teaching and sports sides of football matches.
Królowa Zofia Holszańska a drewniana architektura kościelna połowy XV wieku w ziemi sanockiej
Authors: Łopatkiewicz Piotr
Published: September 2024

Częste pobyty królowej Zofii Holszańskiej w Sanoku, szczególnie po śmierci Władysława Jagiełły (zwłaszcza w latach 1435–1461), zaowocowały nawiązaniem dość bliskich kontaktów ze szlachtą ziemi sanockiej. Wielu przedstawicieli średniej szlachty pojawia się w otoczeniu monarchini na zamku sanockim, udziela jej pożyczek finansowych, czyni starania o nadania i urzędy ziemskie.
Głównym celem artykułu stała się próba wykazania, że dynamiczna akcja budowlana w zakresie drewnianej architektury kościelnej w zachodniej części ziemi sanockiej, podjęta zwłaszcza w piątej i szóstej dekadzie wieku XV, mogła być inspirowana przez rezydującą w tym czasie w Sanoku królową Zofię Holszańską. Pośród fundatorów świątyń z tego czasu wskazać można głównie osoby z bliskiego otoczenia tej monarchini, przede wszystkim biskupa przemyskiego Piotra Chrząstowskiego oraz powiązanych z królową licznymi więzami zależności przedstawicieli zamożnego rycerstwa, sprawujących w ziemi sanockiej urzędy ziemskie. Być może kluczową rolę w tych fundacjach architektonicznych odgrywał ówczesny starosta sanocki Mikołaj Pieniążek z Witowic. W działaniach tych wspierali królową przedstawiciele zamożnego rycerstwa ziemi sanockiej, tacy jak: Piotr Smolicki, Henryk Kamienicki, Jerzy Humnicki oraz bracia Jakub i Jan z Kobylan.
Jaki był rzeczywisty udział królowej w tych przedsięwzięciach – nie sposób dziś udowodnić. Jednak spostrzeżenie o roli sanockiego dworu królowej w inspirowaniu i zainicjowaniu akcji budowlanej w zakresie drewnianej architektury sakralnej na terenie ziemi sanockiej, sformułowane na tym miejscu po raz pierwszy, wydaje się być dość zasadne, choć z pewnością wymagać będzie w przyszłości jeszcze dalszych badań.
MUSEOS Y ARTES POPULARES DE ANDALUCÍA: VÍAS Y PARADOJAS DE «LO POPULAR».
Authors: González Alcantud José Antonio
Published: September 2024

Devant un public francophone, à l’origine de ce texte issu d’un colloque au MUCEM de Marseille, il est difficile d’expliquer la différence entre “tradition” et “populaire” dans la muséographie ethnologique de l’Andalousie. L’auteur compare les traditions française et marocaine de la muséologie anthropologique afin d’éclairer l’évolution récente de certains musées que l’on peut qualifier d’”ethnologiques” dans la région andalouse. Cette problématique s’appuie sur l’idée de “frontière imaginaire”. Chemin faisant, d’autres concepts adjacents tels que la mémoire sociale, l’artisanat, la transition politique, etc. nous aident à comprendre la singularité muséologique de l’Andalousie
TRANSPLANTES DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS E O PRINCÍPIO CONSTITUCIONAL DA SOLIDARIEDADE - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p285
Authors: Dias Martins Filho Luiz , Renato dos Reis Jorge
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os transplantes de órgãos e tecidos na perspectiva do princípio constitucional da solidariedade e no contexto de uma sociedade democrática onde deve ser observado o princípio da autonomia da vontade dos doadores, bem como assegurada uma vida digna àqueles que necessitam de transplantes. A problemática da pesquisa busca responder o questionamento no sentido de verificar se as escrituras públicas declaratórias de intenção de doação de órgãos e tecidos contribuem ou não para dar maior efetividade ao princípio da solidariedade na sociedade brasileira, perquirindo se essas manifestações de vontade expressas nessas escrituras devem ser observadas pelos familiares dos doadores e consequentemente assegurar, juridicamente, o direito a uma vida digna àqueles que necessitam de transplantes. O método de pesquisa utilizado é o dedutivo e o método de procedimento é o monográfico. Historicamente, os resultados apontam que os atos notariais propiciam eficácia e segurança jurídica e podem contribuir, no caso, para dar maior efetividade ao princípio da solidariedade.
A RES PUBLICA NA REALEZA ROMANA: DIREITO, FAMÍLIA E ORGANIZAÇÃO POLÍTICA CIDADÃ - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p313
Authors: da Cunha Savino Filó Mauricio
Published: September 2024

O artigo verificou a organização jurídica e política da cidade romana antiga, sendo que se concentrou no período histórico conhecido como Realeza. O objetivo geral foi compreender a criação da civitas e de suas instituições jurídicas e políticas, a fim de responder ao seguinte questionamento: houve elementos jurídicos-políticos republicanos, durante o período da Realeza? Utilizando fontes primárias e autores especializados no tema, o desenvolvimento ocorreu em três seções. Na primeira, explicou-se o que foi a civitas, na segunda seção verificou-se Roma no período de predomínio latino-sabino. Ao final, na terceira seção, analisou-se a dominação etrusca. Por meio de um método de abordagem dedutivo, um método de procedimento monográfico e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica documental. Os resultados apontam para a existência de elementos republicanos desde a fundação urbe, durante o período dos primeiros reis romanos. Conclui-se, em linhas gerais, que o período republicano foi um aperfeiçoamento de um sistema monárquico eletivo e vitalício, mas não hereditário.
TRATAMENTO LEGAL DO PLANO DE RECUPERAÇÃO EXTRAJUDICIAL BRASILERO NA HIPÓTESE DE INSOLVÊNCIA TRANSNACIONAL - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p351
Authors: Maria Fadel Becue Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Com a promulgação da Lei 14.112/2020, o Brasil adotou, com poucas alterações, a Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL sobre Insolvência Transfronteiriça. Este artigo analisa os requisitos legais para o reconhecimento de processos estrangeiros e se o plano de recuperação extrajudicial brasileiro poderia, em tese, ser qualificado como tal para fins de reconhecimento e cooperação jurídica. Analisamos o plano de recuperação extrajudicial brasileiro em ambas as modalidades. Foi dada especial atenção a dois requisitos de elegibilidade disciplinados pelo artigo 2 da Lei Modelo UNCITRAL: a natureza coletiva do processo e a necessidade de controle ou supervisão por parte de uma autoridade estrangeira. Após revisar o guia legislativo e o compilado de jurisprudência da UNCITRAL e algumas decisões estrangeiras, o artigo conclui que o plano de recuperação extrajudicial brasileiro atende aos requisitos legais para reconhecimento como processo estrangeiro.
IL “SUPERAMENTO DELLAPERSONALITÀ GIURIDICA”: ALCUNE CONSIDERAZIONI ALLA LUCE DELDIRITTO SOCIETARIO ITALIANO - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p417
Authors: Caprara Andrea , Andrade Érico , de Oliveira Milagres Marcelo
Published: September 2024

Il c.d. superamento della personalità giuridica è uno strumento che la dottrina e la giurisprudenza hanno elaborato per offrire tutela contro particolari ipotesi di abuso del diritto. Le soluzioni normative sono molto diversificate nella legislazione degli Stati nazionali (e nel diritto dell’UE). Nel codice civile italiano non si prevede un generale divieto di abuso, ma con la riforma del diritto societario (2003) e con la riforma del diritto fallimentare (2019), si sono introdotti istituti nuovi utili a contrastare l’abuso del diritto, senza prevedere il superamento della persona giuridica. Nella presente indagine si vuole verificare se: i) le nuove disposizioni previste dal diritto italiano lascino ancora spazio per ricorrere al superamento della personalità giuridica al fine di sanzionare l’abuso della responsabilità limitata; ii) è utile una disciplina di diritto positivo che tipicizzi le fattispecie di abuso.
Developing a Word Family-Based Depth of Academic Word Knowledge Test
Authors: Mathieson Paul , Bolstad Francesco , Sasao Yosuke
Published: September 2024

Despite the continued widespread use of the academic word list, there is a paucity of comprehensive and easily replicable tests which measure learners’ depth of knowledge of academic word list items. This paper outlines the development and initial validation of a test which measures multiple aspects of learners’ knowledge of academic vocabulary. The test comprises four sections – one productive knowledge section (sentence writing), and three receptive knowledge sections (collocations, synonyms, and L1 meaning). Each section includes 30 items selected from the academic word list, 10 of which are derived forms containing one or more affixes. The test was administered to 193 Japanese students studying at a public medical university in Japan. All four sections of the test showed a high level of internal consistency. In addition, the inter-rater reliability between the two different markers for the productive use (sentence writing) section was also moderately high. Furthermore, Rasch item analysis showed that the test items were well fitted to comprehensively measure learners’ knowledge of academic vocabulary. These encouraging initial results suggest that there may be merit in the test being used, evaluated, and possibly adapted in other EAP teaching and learning contexts.
METROPOLİTAN MÜZESİ'NDEKİ BAZI EPİGRAFİK VE PALEOGRAFİK ESERLER
Authors: Dursun Necla , Sokhanpardaz Kamran
Published: September 2024

ÖZ: Amerika Birleşik Devletinin New York şehrinde yer alan Metropolitan Sanat Müzesi, dünyanın en büyük müzelerinden biridir. 1872 yılında kurulan müzenin koleksiyonunda Asya, Eski Yakın Doğu, Mısır, Yunan ve Roma, Orta Çağ, İslam, Avrupa resim ve modern sanat eserleri bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede Metropolitan Müzesi koleksiyonunda yer alan bugüne kadar transkripsiyonu yapılmamış, İslami döneme ait 11 eser incelenmiştir. Bu eserler 8 ila 14. Yüzyıl aralığında, farklı bölgelerden müzeye intikal etmiş, 2 adet süslemeli taş yapı elemanı, 2 ahşap levha, 1 cam ağırlık, 6 kûfi yazılı Kur’an-ı Kerim sayfasıdır. Çalışmanın amacı bu eserlerin, okunuşları ile tanımlanması, genel özelliklerinin ortaya konulması ve motif ile süsleme detaylarının incelenmesidir. Müze seksiyonunda yer alan pek çok eser bugün literatüre girmiştir. Burada incelenen eserlerin transkripsiyonu ve detaylı incelemeleri üzerinde pek durulmamıştır hatta müze envanterinde eser okunuşları ve bilgileri eksiktir. Bu eserlerin detaylı incelemelerinin yapılması, alanda çalışma yapacaklar için yol gösterici olacaktır. Makale nitel araştırma yöntemi ile hazırlanmış olup, örneklem üzerinden betimleme ve gözleme dayalı sonuca ulaşılmıştır.
Sümmani Ağzı İle Söylenen Türkülerde Üslup Belirleyici Unsurlar
Authors: Düzenli Emre
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk halk müziğinde “Sümmani ağzı” olarak bilinen üslubu meydana getiren yapısal özellikleri, analitik bir yaklaşım ile ele alarak açıklamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; öncelikle konuya ilişkin kaynaklarda yapılan tanımlar ve açıklamalar incelenerek Sümmani ağzı ile söylenen türküler tespit edilmiştir. Ardından bu eserlerin yapısal organizasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ışığında sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Analiz kapsamında, eserlerde kullanılan yapı, vezin, usûl ve makama ilişkin unsurlar incelenmiş; dizeyi meydana getiren hecelerin eser içerisindeki değerlerini gösteren îka yapıları belirlenerek söz konusu unsurlar ile îka arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkaran bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Örneğin, eserlerde karakteristik olarak kullanılan 11’li hece veznine sahip şiirlerin dizeleri, çoğunlukla üç usûl devrine taksim edilmekte ve bu taksimat büyük oranda aynı îka kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Îka, söz konusu eserlerde sıkça karşılaşılan bir yapı ve bu yapı içerisindeki belli bir ezgi kurgusu ile uyum içerisinde kullanılmaktadır. Genel itibarıyla, kıtayı meydana getiren ilk iki dize A1 döneminin ezgisi ile örülmekte, üçüncü ve dördüncü dizeler ise çeşitli ezgisel farklılıklar ve aynı îka yapısı ile tekrarlanarak A2 dönemini oluşturmaktadır. Ardından üçüncü ve dördüncü dizelerin yeni bir ezgisel tema ile tekrarlanması neticesinde B dönemi ve üsluba has yapı (A1A2B) meydana gelmektedir. Ayrıca, incelenen üslubun önemli bileşenlerinden biri olan makamsal yapı, söz konusu repertuvar için karakteristik olan motifler çerçevesinde şekillenmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgular neticesinde; Sümmani ağzı ile söylenen türkülerde üslubu belirleyen yapı, vezin, usûl ve makama dair unsurlara ek olarak, îkanın belirleyici ve bütünleştirici rolü ortaya konmuştur.
TÜRK HALK MÜZİĞİ MATERYALLERİNİN ZENGİNLEŞTİRİLMESİ VE ARŞİVLENMESİNDE BELA BARTOK’UN ROLÜ
Authors: Tandoğdu Kılıç Sevgünur , Ergün Gülşah
Published: September 2024

Müzik, insanoğlunun varlığından itibaren ilk ilişki kurduğu sanat dallarından biridir. İnsanoğlunun gelişim süreci ile paralel olarak da gelişmiş ve çeşitlenmiştir. Coğrafi ve etnik kimlikler arasında müzik, biçim ve yapı bakımından benzerlikler göstermektedir. Hatta çoğu zaman benzer müzik türleri ve yapıları aynı coğrafyalarda görülmüştür. Türk tarihi Orta Asya’dan başlayan varlığı ile çok çeşitli coğrafyalardan etkilenmiş ve aynı zamanda bu coğrafyalara etkisini bırakmıştır. Bu etkileşim tüm sanat dallarında olduğu gibi müzik sanatında da gerçekleşmiştir. Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşundan itibaren ise ülkedeki sanat dallarının çağdaşlaşması, arşivlenmesi ve evrensel bir sanat eğitimi için çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yüzyılların mirasını barındıran Türk müzik tarihi hakkında araştırma ve çalışma yapmak için ise Bela Bartok ülkemize gelmiştir. Bu makalede Bela Bartok’un ülkemize gelmesi ile bu seyahatin Türk müzik tarihine olan katkıları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın genel amacı, ünlü besteci Bela Bartok’un Türk Halk Müziği üzerine araştırmalar yapmak için ülkemize gelmesi neticesinde ortaya çıkan çalışmaların incelenmesi sonucunda elde edilen veriler ile literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Makalede, Bela Bartok ve müziği, Bartok’un halk müziği tutkusu, Türkiye’de Türk halk müziği üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, Bela Bartok ve Türk halk müziği ve son olarak Bartok ve Türk beşlerinin etkileşimi başlıkları altında, gözlem ve yazılı materyallerin incelenmesi yöntemleri kullanılarak nitel bir araştırma sunulmuştur.
KUMKAPI HALILARININ KÖKENİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME VE YENİ ÖRNEKLER
Authors: Karaman Şerife
Published: September 2024

ÖZ: Bilinen en eski düğümlü halı Pazırıkla başlayan Türklerin halı yolculuğu, binlerce yıllık geçmişi ile gelişerek günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Göçebe yaşamın zorunlu ve temel bir ihtiyacı olarak dokunan halılar zamanla önemli bir sanat ve ticari eşya haline gelir. Kurulan tüm Türk devletlerinde önemini koruyan yılların halıcılık tecrübesi, nesilden nesile aktarılarak dünyaca ünlü halılar üretilmiştir. Osmanlı devletinin kronolojik açıdan son ayağı olan ve üretildikleri yerin adını alan Kumkapı halı örneklerinin özel koleksiyonlarda olmasından dolayı sanat dünyası ve akademide az bilinmektedir. Londra’ da yaşayan bir koleksiyoner-eksper Dünyada yaklaşık 200 tane Kumkapı halısı olduğu aktarmıştır. Bu halıların tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla 30’dan fazlası İzmir Arkas Koleksiyonunda bulunmaktadır. Galeri elinde bulunan diğer halı grupları ile Kumkapı halılarını da kapsayan sergiler düzenlemiş bu vesile ile de halıların adı duyulmaya başlamıştır. Çalışma hazırlanırken literatür taramasının yanı sıra koleksiyonerlere ulaşılmış, Arkas’ta bulunan halılar incelenmiş ayrıca malzeme, teknik ve kompozisyon olarak aynı stilde üretime devam eden bir usta ile görüşülerek detaylı bilgi alınmıştır. Özel teşebbüs eserleri olan halı grubunun öncü üreticileri sarayda desinatör olarak çalışmış ve böylece dönemin halı fabrikası olan Hereke’den ziyadesiyle yararlanmıştır. Hereke Fabrika-i Hümayun dışında, Türk-Gördes düğümü ile dokunan halıların büyük bir kısmında ipek iplik ve gümüş metal iplik kullanılmış, teknik ve malzeme özellikleri dolayısıyla Saray halıları ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Halılarda madalyonlu, birim-ardışık desenli ve mihraplı olmak üzere üç kompozisyon planı tespit edilmiştir. Genel bilgilendirme Arkas koleksiyonu, Sotheby’s ve Christie’s gibi müzayede sitelerinde bulunan örnekler üzerinden yapılmış olup ayrıca başka bir araştırmacı tarafından yayınlanmayan Keşişyan koleksiyonundaki dört halının da tanıtım ve değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.
Denizli Mezar Taşlarında Türk Kültürünün Kadim İzleri
Authors: Galata Yasin Cemal
Published: September 2024

Mezar taşları tarihsel kültürel kodların geçmişten günümüze en önemli taşıyıcılarındandır. Moğolistan’dan Avrupa’nın içlerine kadar farklı zaman dilimlerine ait Türkler tarafından yapılmış birçok mezar taşı bulunmaktadır. Türklerin sosyal, kültürel hayatında önemli işlevi olan aile/ aşiret/ boyların damgaları/tamgaları kutsal alanlar olarak nitelenen kaya resimlerine, eski Türk yazıtlı taşlara, balballara ve mezar taşlarına vurulmuştur.
Milattan önce ve sonraki zaman dilimlerinde Türk boyları geniş Avrasya coğrafyasında önemli tarihi sonuçlar doğuran göçler gerçekleştirmişler, maddi kültürlerine ait birçok öğeyi göç ettikleri yerlere taşımışlardır. Doğum, düğün ve ölüm törenleri sosyal kültürel hayatlarında önemli durak taşları olmuştur. Türk kültür tarihi acısından mezar taşları kültürel devamlılığın gözlemlendiği maddi örnekler arasında yer almıştır.
Çalışmada, TRT Kurumu adına Tamgalar Dengizli belgeselinin ön çalışma aşamasında ve çekimler esnasında Anadolu’nun Batı bölgesinde Denizli ve çevresinde tespit edilen mezar taşlarından Türk kültürüne ait örnekler sunulmuştur. Denizli’nin Çivril Özdemirci, Kale Koyunbaba Türbesi, Çameli Kalınkoz Mezarlığı, Akpınar, Gökçeyaka, Emecik, Acıpayam Don Baba Türbesi, Darıveren, Acıgöl Akpınar Köyü Mezarlığı, Bekilli Yeşiloba Köyü gibi farklı köy mezarlıklarında Türk boy damgalı, eski Türk yazıtlı ve balbal tarzında yapılmış mezar taşları ele alınmıştır.
Assessment of the carbon footprint of total hip arthroplasty and opportunities for emission reduction in a UK hospital setting
Authors: Kodumuri Preetham , Joshi Pushkar , Malek Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study aimed to assess the carbon footprint associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a UK hospital setting, considering various components within the operating theatre. The primary objective was to identify actionable areas for reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable orthopaedic practices.

Methods

Using a life-cycle assessment approach, we conducted a prospective study on ten cemented and ten hybrid THA cases, evaluating carbon emissions from anaesthetic room to recovery. Scope 1 and scope 2 emissions were considered, focusing on direct emissions and energy consumption. Data included detailed assessments of consumables, waste generation, and energy use during surgeries.

Results

The carbon footprint of an uncemented THA was estimated at 100.02 kg CO2e, with a marginal increase to 104.89 kg CO2e for hybrid THA. Key contributors were consumables in the operating theatre (21%), waste generation (22%), and scope 2 emissions (38%). The study identified opportunities for reducing emissions, including instrument rationalization, transitioning to LED lighting, and improving waste-recycling practices.

Conclusion

This study sheds light on the substantial carbon footprint associated with THA. Actionable strategies for reducing emissions were identified, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices in orthopaedic surgery. The findings prompt a critical discussion on the environmental impact of single-use versus reusable items in the operating theatre, challenging traditional norms to make more environmentally responsible choices.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):742–748.
Internal audit in the public sector comparative study between the Nordic countries. The development of internal auditing within the public sector in the Nordic countries
Authors: Jóhannesdóttir Anna Margrét , Nielsson Kristiansson Stina , Sipiläinen Niina , Koivunen Riikka
Published: September 2024

The subject of this paper is a comparative study about the current status of internal audit within the public sector in the Nordic countries. The aim is to understand the basis and recognize trends in the development of internal audit in the public sector in these countries. The status of internal audit within each country, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, is presented and also the regulatory basis, laws and regulations, for internal audit and the main challenges that internal auditing faces. Finally, the opportunities for further development of internal audit in the public sector are addressed. The International Standards for Internal Auditing are well recognized and in use in all the countries. There are differences between these countries in their approach of the regulatory framework for internal audit and the arrangement of the operation of internal audit units. Therefore, further development of internal auditing should be pursued in cooperation and to harmonize the regulatory bases in these countries and to learn from each other when implementing internal audit in the public sector.
The Battle of the Biographies: Early Modern Life-Writing on Martin Luther
Authors: Kolb Robert
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Early modern printed polemic appeared not only in doctrinal treatises but also occasionally in biographies. In the 1520s Thomas Murner and Johann Cochlaeus expressed their revulsion for Luther with personal as well as doctrinal criticism in satire and enflamed reports, often misrepresentations, of Luther’s activities and teachings. Shortly after the Reformer’s death, Cochlaeus published the first polemical biography of the Wittenberg professor, beginning a tradition that continued into the twentieth century. Lutherans slowly rose to defend Luther with both favorable accounts of his life and refutations of Cochlaeus and a series of other Roman Catholic biographers, who throughout the second half of the sixteenth century, held orations or published treatises disparaging Luther’s person and teaching. These exchanges reached something of a climax around 1600 in the works of the Jesuit Conrad Vetter, who published a series of attacks on Luther from various perspectives, highlighting his betrayal of the faith and the Roman Church. Lutherans, especially Philipp Heilbronner, professor in Lauingen, responded. Biographical polemic served to challenge or defend Luther’s authority as a teacher of the faith, for character combines with biblical faithfulness in the evaluation of theologians.