bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Preoperative Multidisciplinary Conference on Head and Neck Reconstruction Outcomes
Authors: Dang Sophia , Hashimi Basil , Tang Anthony , Kubik Mark W. , Solari Mario G. , Sridharan Shaum S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Head and neck oncologic resections with microvascular reconstruction are lengthy and complex procedures with inefficiencies in the operating room (OR) associated with increased complications and higher costs. Multidisciplinary care has become increasingly used to provide improved care for complex patients; however, the potential role of this has not yet been studied in head and neck microvascular free flap procedures.

Methods

Patients between 2016 and 2022 treated before and after implementation of the conference were included. Primary outcome was total procedure time (TPT). Demographics, operative details, and postoperative complications were also collected.

Results

233 patients were included in the preconference group and 330 in the post‐conference group. Preconference mean (SD) age was 61.6 (12) years versus 62.9 (12) years in the post‐conference group. The post‐conference group was associated with shorter mean (SD) TPT (629 [117] vs. 719 [134] minutes), less mean (SD) estimated blood loss (ESD) (230 [201] mL vs. 306 [211] mL), fewer prolonged lCU stays (>1 day), and fewer returns to the operating room (RTOR). The post‐conference group was associated with TPT ≤9 h (p < 0.001) on multivariate analysis. Factors associated with TPT greater than 9 h include history of head and neck radiation (p = 0.003), bony reconstruction (p = 0.05), stage IVa (p = 0.009), and stage IVb cancer (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Implementation of the multidisciplinary conference in head and neck surgery was associated with reduced TPT and reduced OR return. Our study suggests preoperative planning conferences may improve surgical efficiency and outcomes in head and neck oncologic resections with microvascular free flap reconstruction.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Impact of moisture on the degradation and priming effects of poly(lactic acid) microplastic
Authors: Xiao Congli , Liu Xinhui , Wang Dandan , Xue Jiantao , Liu Lihu , Yu Yongxiang , Yao Huaiying
Published: July 2024

The degradation of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) can either stimulate or inhibit the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), but the factors influencing these phenomena remain unclear. In this study, we used the 13C natural abundance to differentiate between carbon dioxide (CO2) arising from the mineralization of SOC and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) MP under varying soil water holding capacity (WHC) in alkaline and acidic soils. We also quantified the incorporation of soil‐ or PLA‐derived carbon (C) into phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)‐distinguishable microbial groups. An increase in soil moisture did not significantly affect PLA MP degradation in alkaline soil, but significantly increased PLA degradability in acidic soil. In particular, the percentages of PLA‐derived C incorporated into PLFA‐distinguishable gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria were 14%–63% and 5%–33%, respectively, in all the treatments. The presence of PLA MP induced positive priming effects from 0 to 20 d in all the treatments but subsequently induced negative priming effects under some conditions. The total priming effects induced by PLA MP were significantly greater in alkaline soil with ≥70% WHC (37–43 mg C kg−1 soil) than in this soil with 50% WHC (8.6 mg C kg−1 soil). The total priming effect was 72–78 mg C kg−1 soil in acidic soil with ≤70% WHC, but a negative priming effect was observed in this soil with 90% WHC (−56 mg C kg−1 soil). In alkaline soil, the dissolved organic carbon content was positively correlated with the priming effect, but a negative relationship was observed between the priming effect and the amount of soil‐derived C incorporated into gram‐negative bacteria and fungi. In acidic soil, a positive correlation was found between the priming effect and the soil nitrate content. In summary, our findings indicate that 0.4%–2.8% of PLA MP was degraded in soils after 2 months, and that the intensity and direction of the priming effect induced by PLA MP are regulated by soil moisture and pH, but further exploration is needed to elucidate the microbial mechanisms underlying these effects.
All‐Dielectric Meta‐Waveguides for Flexible Polarization Control of Guided Light
Authors: Asadulina Syuzanna , Bogdanov Andrey , Yermakov Oleh
Published: July 2024

Guided waves are the perfect carriers of electromagnetic signals in planar miniaturized devices due to their high localization and controlled propagation direction. However, it is still a challenge to control the polarization of propagating guided waves. In this work, the broadband polarization TE‐TM degeneracy of highly localized guided waves propagating along an all‐dielectric metasurface and a subwavelength chain of dielectric high‐index cylinders is discovered, both theoretically and experimentally. Using the discovered near‐field polarization degree of freedom, the polarization transformation for guided waves propagating along a subwavelength chain of dielectric cylinders at any frequency within the finite spectral range is demonstrated experimentally. Namely, the simplest planar near‐field polarization device – the quarter‐wave‐retardation (linear‐to‐circular) polarization transformer of guided waves is implemented. The results obtained discover the polarization degree of freedom for guided waves paving the way toward numerous applications in flat optics and planar photonics.
Suppressing Side‐Scattering on Laser‐Written Bragg Gratings for Back‐Reflection Engineering in Fibers
Authors: Hu Jiacheng , Wang Yuying , Lau Kuen Yao , Han Xuhu , Firstov Sergei , Zhong Lijing , Wang Yiping , Qiu Jianrong
Published: July 2024

Laser direct writing (LDW) is versatile in structuring fibers with micro‐sized functional elements such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and backscattering centers by finely manipulating back and side scattering from laser‐induced refractive index modified (RIM) points. However, the side‐scattering is a lesser‐explored property in laser‐structured fibers. In this work, a concise physical model is established to understand the side‐scattering as a combined effect of microstructure and geometry of RIM points. Based on a single‐pulsed LDW method, the parametric decoupling between scattering loss (α) and coupling strength (κ) coefficients of FBGs is reported, whose cross‐section is customized to have a flattened ellipse with thoroughly positive RIM, enabling controllable reflectivity from −21.33 dB to −0.0018 dB while maintaining narrow bandwidth and low loss. Exemplarily, a designed FBG realizes ultra‐low loss of 0.008 dB with a resonance attenuation of 10.81 dB, exhibiting a record‐breaking κ/α of 2083. Using this FBG as the high‐reflective mirror of a home‐made bismuth‐doped fiber laser, narrow‐band lasing with a high optical signal‐to‐noise ratio of ≈43 dB is achieved, demonstrating flexibilities of the proposed approach in customizing both back‐ and side‐scattering in fibers and opening up wide opportunities for combining multifunctional components into optical fibers and realizing all‐fiber networks.
High Resolution Nanostructuring of Perovskites With Tunable Morphologies by Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Gao Kai , Sun Ke , Chen Chenduan , Wu Jiajia , Li Zengling , Qiu Jianrong , Tan Dezhi
Published: July 2024

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted increasing attention in various optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional optical and electrical properties. The high precision patterning of MHPs is crucial adjective for device fabrication, while it is severely hindered by the active and sensitive chemistry of MHPs. In this work, high resolution and tunable nanostructuring of 2D MHP films are achieved by ultrafast laser direct writing (ULDW). The feature size of the created structure is down to 47 nm (λ/21), which is far beyond the diffraction limit of the optical system. The study proves the critical influence of the thermodynamic properties of materials on structure morphologies and establish a new mechanism of molten phase self‐evolution (MPSE) for the formation of super‐solution convex structures, which provides a new understanding for ultrafast laser‐matter interaction and high‐resolution patterning with ULDW. Different structure morphologies bring tunable optical properties. The applications are demonstrated in multimode information storage and encryption. The findings open new approaches to achieve hyperfine multi‐morphological structures on MHPs, which can boost many MHPs integration applications in nanophotonics, on‐chip electronics, and information encryption.
Isolation of Polyethylene Glycol with Larger Molecular Weights via Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Huang Yali , Ren Ziye , Fan Ziwen , Zhang Hanwen , Wu Yueyue , Wang Yue , Hu Zhuoyi , Quan Xueheng , Wang Zhao , Niu Zheng
Published: July 2024

Polymer products typically present as mixtures with a range of molecular weights, which notably influence the expression of their properties. In this study, a technique is proposed to separate polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixtures of varying molecular weights using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), thereby narrowing down their molecular weight distribution. Due to the hydrogen bond interactions between PEG and ‐OH groups in the pores of NU‐1000, NU‐1000 can selectively adsorb PEG with larger molecular weights from PEG mixture. This separation method consistently yields with narrower molecular weight distribution across multiple cycles. This is the first application of MOFs in regulating the dispersity (Ð) of polymers in solution, providing a novel approach for separating and purifying mixed molecular weight polymers.
Circular RNA‐based neoantigen vaccine for hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Fei , Cai Guang , Wang Yingchao , Zhuang Qiuyu , Cai Zhixiong , Li Yingying , Gao Shaodong , Li Fang , Zhang Cuilin , Zhao Bixing , Liu Xiaolong
Published: July 2024

mRNA vaccines are regarded as a highly promising avenue for next‐generation cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the intricacy of production, inherent instability, and low expression persistence of linear mRNA significantly restrict their extensive utilization. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) offer a novel solution to these limitations due to their efficient protein expression ability, which can be rapidly generated in vitro without the need for extra modifications. Here, we present a novel neoantigen vaccine based on circRNA that induces a potent anti‐tumor immune response by expressing hepatocellular carcinoma‐specific tumor neoantigens. By cyclizing linearRNA molecules, we were able to enhance the stability of RNA vaccines and form highly stable circRNA molecules with the capacity for sustained protein expression. We confirmed that neoantigen‐encoded circRNA can promote dendritic cell (DC) activation and enhance DC‐induced T‐cell activation in vitro, thereby enhancing T‐cell killing of tumor cells. Encapsulating neoantigen‐encoded circRNA within lipid nanoparticles for in vivo expression has enabled the creation of a novel circRNA vaccine platform. This platform demonstrates superior tumor treatment and prevention in various murine tumor models, eliciting a robust T‐cell immune response. Our circRNA neoantigen vaccine offers new options and application prospects for neoantigen immunotherapy in solid tumors.
CRISPR technology in human diseases
Authors: Feng Qiang , Li Qirong , Zhou Hengzong , Wang Zhan , Lin Chao , Jiang Ziping , Liu Tianjia , Wang Dongxu
Published: July 2024

Gene editing is a growing gene engineering technique that allows accurate editing of a broad spectrum of gene‐regulated diseases to achieve curative treatment and also has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the conventional treatment of diseases. Gene editing technology, mainly based on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR‐associated protein systems, which is capable of generating genetic modifications in somatic cells, provides a promising new strategy for gene therapy for a wide range of human diseases. Currently, gene editing technology shows great application prospects in a variety of human diseases, not only in therapeutic potential but also in the construction of animal models of human diseases. This paper describes the application of gene editing technology in hematological diseases, solid tumors, immune disorders, ophthalmological diseases, and metabolic diseases; focuses on the therapeutic strategies of gene editing technology in sickle cell disease; provides an overview of the role of gene editing technology in the construction of animal models of human diseases; and discusses the limitations of gene editing technology in the treatment of diseases, which is intended to provide an important reference for the applications of gene editing technology in the human disease.
Small Particles, Big Potential: Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Virameteekul Sasivimol , Lees Andrew J. , Bhidayasiri Roongroj
Published: July 2024

Despite the availability of a number of efficacious treatments for Parkinson's disease, their limitations and drawbacks, particularly related to low brain bioavailability and associated side effects, emphasize the need for alternative and more effective therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, has received considerable interest in recent years as a method of effectively delivering potentially therapeutic molecules to the brain. In particular, polymeric nanoparticles, constructed from biodegradable polymer, have shown great promise in enhancing therapeutic efficacy, reducing toxicity, and ensuring targeted delivery. However, their clinical translation remains a considerable challenge. This article reviews recent in vitro and in vivo studies using polymeric nanoparticles as drug and gene delivery systems for Parkinson's disease with their challenges and future directions. We are also particularly interested in the technical properties, mechanism, drugs release patterns, and delivery strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Stress in Musicians with and Without Focal Dystonia Is Not Reflected in Limbic Circuit Activation
Authors: Alpheis Stine , Sinke Christopher , Burek Julian , Krüger Tillmann H.C. , Altenmüller Eckart , Scholz Daniel S.
Published: July 2024

Background

Musicians' dystonia (MD) is a movement disorder with several established risk factors, but the exact pathophysiology remains unknown. Recent research suggests dysfunction in sensory‐motor, basal ganglia, cerebellar, and limbic loops as potential causes. Adverse childhood experiences are also considered risk factors.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether MD patients have experienced more childhood trauma, leading to increased stress reactivity and neural vulnerability to movement disorders.

Methods

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and the Montreal Imaging Stress Task, 40 MD patients were compared with 39 healthy musicians (HMs). Whole‐brain analysis and regions of interest analysis were performed. Parameter estimates and subjective stress levels were compared between groups and correlated with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.

Results

MD patients reported significantly higher childhood trauma scores than healthy control subjects, but they did not differ in their subjective stress experiences. Stress‐related activity of limbic areas was neither found in the whole sample nor between the two groups. Instead, increased activity of visual association and temporal areas was observed, but this activation did not differ between patients and HMs. However, patients showed a tendency toward reduced precuneus activity under stress. Adverse childhood experiences were negatively correlated with precuneus, thalamus, and substantia nigra activity across all participants.

Conclusions

Overall, MD patients and HMs had similar subjective and neurological reactions to stress but differed in childhood trauma experiences and precuneus activity under stress. Further research about the functional connectivity between precuneus, cerebellum, thalamus, and basal ganglia in musicians is needed. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Utilization of the Google Earth Engine for the evaluation of daily soil temperature derived from Global Land Data Assimilation System in two different depths over a semiarid region
Authors: Akbari Abolghasem , Rajabi Jaghargh Majid , Abu Samah Azizan , Peter Cox Jonathan , Gholamzadeh Mojtaba , Araghi Alireza , Saco Patricia M. , Khosravi Khabat
Published: July 2024

The Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to investigate the performance of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) soil temperature (ST) data against observed ST from 13 synoptic stations over a semiarid region in Iran. Three‐hourly ST data were collected and analyzed in two depths (0–10 cm; 40–100 cm) and 5 years. In each depth, GLDAS‐Noah ST data were evaluated for daily minimum, maximum, and average ST (i.e., Tmin, Tmax, and Tavg). Based on the correlation coefficient, Kling–Gupta Efficiency, and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency the overall performance of the GLDAS‐Noah is 0.96, 0.66, and 0.79 for Tmin; 0.97, 0.84, and 0.89 for Tavg; and 0.95, 0.89, and 0.89 for Tmax, respectively in the first layer. Likewise, 0.97, 0.85, and 0.86 for Tmin; 0.97, 0.77, and 0.80 for Tavg; and 0.97, 0.69, and 0.69 for Tmax are obtained in the second layer. However, there is a significant negative bias which tends to underestimate ST in the two investigated layers, given by an average bias over all the stations analyzed of −24%, −12%, and −5% for Tmin, Tavg, and Tmax in the first layer, and average bias of −8%, −13%, and −17% for Tmin, Tavg, and Tmax in the second layer. This study reveals that GLDAS‐Noah‐derived ST can be used in arid regions where little or no observation data is available. Moreover, GEE performed as an advanced geospatial processing tool in regional scale analysis of ST in different layers.
Novel compound heterozygous variants in MARVELD2 causing autosomal recessive hearing loss in two Chinese families
Authors: Shi Xinyu , Liu Xiaozhou , Zong Yanjun , Zhao Zhengdong , Sun Yu
Published: July 2024

Background

Hereditary hearing loss is an important component of congenital hearing loss. MARVELD2 (OMIM ID:610572), located in the DFNB49 locus, which encodes a tight junction protein tricellulin playing an important role in the sensory epithelial barrier of the inner ear, may contribute to nonsyndromic autosomal recessive hereditary hearing loss.

Methods

Two Han Chinese pedigrees with hearing loss underwent clinical and genetic analyses. Variants were detected by targeted next‐generation sequencing and sequencing data were compared with the Human Genome Reference (GRCh 37/hg 19) to identify mutant genes and loci. Furthermore, online tools such as RDDC, SpliceAI, and REVEL were used to predict risks from different variants.

Results

Both two probands failed neonatal hearing screening and were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. A total of 3 mutations were detected in the two families, c.1331+1G>A, c.1325A>G, and c.782G>A. According to ACMG/AMP guidelines, they were judged to be pathogenic, uncertain significance, and uncertain significance, respectively.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between different variants of MARVELD2 and hearing. This could further expand the spectrum of deafness gene mutations and contribute to deafness patient management and genetic counseling.
Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN): An introduction to the Urinary Urgency Phenotyping Protocol LURN II
Authors: Cameron Anne P. , Yang Claire C. , Bradley Catherine S. , Griffith James W. , Kirkali Ziya , Clemens J. Quentin , Kreder Karl J. , Kenton Kimberly S. , Andreev Victor P. , Amundsen Cindy L. , Jelovsek J. Eric , Helfand Brian T. , Lai H. Henry ,   the LURN Study Group
Published: July 2024

Aims

The Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) is undertaking a new cohort study in LURN II including cases and controls.

Methods

This new cohort was enrolled to specifically study urinary urgency and urgency urinary incontinence, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) that are often difficult to treat due to a lack of understanding of their phenotypes and pathophysiologies.

Results

This paper will focus on the motivation for the second iteration of LURN and highlight the new research techniques and plans for more thorough phenotyping of this population.

Conclusions

This paper will outline the gaps in understanding in treating LUTSs, specifically urinary urgency.
Privacy Preservation of Large Language Models in the Metaverse Era: Research Frontiers, Categorical Comparisons, and Future Directions
Authors: Huang Dabin , Ge Mengyu , Xiang Kunlan , Zhang Xiaolei , Yang Haomiao
Published: July 2024

Large language models (LLMs), with their billions to trillions of parameters, excel in natural language processing, machine translation, dialog systems, and text summarization. These capabilities are increasingly pivotal in the metaverse, where they can enhance virtual interactions and environments. However, their extensive use, particularly in the metaverse's immersive platforms, raises significant privacy concerns. This paper analyzes existing privacy issues in LLMs, vital for both traditional and metaverse applications, and examines protection techniques across the entire life cycle of these models, from training to user deployment. We delve into cryptography, embedding layer encoding, differential privacy and its variants, and adversarial networks, highlighting their relevance in the metaverse context. Specifically, we explore technologies like homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation, which are essential for metaverse security. Our discussion on Gaussian differential privacy, Renyi differential privacy, Edgeworth accounting, and the generation of adversarial samples and loss functions emphasizes their importance in the metaverse's dynamic and interactive environments. Lastly, the paper discusses the current research status and future challenges in the security of LLMs within and beyond the metaverse, emphasizing urgent problems and potential areas for exploration.
Role of uric acid in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer and Parkinson disease: A new perspective
Authors: Alrouji Mohammed , Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alshammari Mohammed S. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Bahaa Mostafa M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: July 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are group of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by progressive neurodegenerations and cognitive impairment. Findings from different studies highlighted the beneficial and detrimental effects of serum uric acid on the development and progression of NDs. Therefore, this mini‐review aims to discuss the beneficial and detrimental effects of uric on NDs. The neuroprotective effect of uric acid is mainly related to the antioxidant effect of uric acid which alleviates oxidative stress‐induced neurodegeneration in AD and PD. However, long‐term effect of hyperuricemia prompts for the development and progression of cognitive impairment. Hyperuricemia is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, and gout increases dementia risk. In addition, hyperuricemia can cause cerebral vascular injury which is a risk factor for vascular dementia and cognitive impairment. Taken together, the relationship between uric acid and NDs risk remains conflicting. Hence, preclinical and clinical studies are indicated in this regard.
Enhanced lithium‐ion battery state‐of‐charge estimation for Electric Vehicles using the AOA‐DNN approach
Authors: Thangaraj Kokilavani , Indiran Rajarajeswari , Ananth Vasantharaj , Raman Mohan
Published: July 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) battery management systems (BMSs) rely on exact state of charge (SoC) estimations to guarantee efficient and safe operation. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are favored for EVs due to their extended lifespan, high energy density, and minimal self‐discharge and high voltage. To address these issues, this research propose a LIB SoC prediction based on an actual BMS in EVs. The main objective is improving SoC of LIB. The proposed hybrid strategy is the combined performance of both the dynamic neural networks (DNN) and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA). Commonly it is named as DNN‐AOA technique. The SoC of Lithium‐ion batteries are predicted using the DNN approach. The proposed AOA is used to optimize the weight parameter of DNN to enhance prediction accuracy and reliability. By then, the operational MATLAB platform has adopted the proposed framework, and existing procedures are used to compute its execution. The proposed method demonstrates superior existing like Bayesian network (DBN), random vector functional link neural network (RVFLNN) and Gaussian progress regression (GPR). The proposed method yields a lower error value of 0.1 and a higher accuracy value of 98% compared with other existing methods.
Predicting Tracheostomy Need on Admission to the Intensive Care Unit—A Multicenter Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Matthew , Amanian Ameen , Wei Meihan , Prisman Eitan , Mendez‐Tellez Pedro Alejandro
Published: July 2024

Objective

It is difficult to predict which mechanically ventilated patients will ultimately require a tracheostomy which further predisposes them to unnecessary spontaneous breathing trials, additional time on the ventilator, increased costs, and further ventilation‐related complications such as subglottic stenosis. In this study, we aimed to develop a machine learning tool to predict which patients need a tracheostomy at the onset of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study.

Setting

Multicenter Study of 335 Intensive Care Units between 2014 and 2015.

Methods

The eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU‐CRD) was utilized to obtain the patient cohort. Inclusion criteria included: (1) Age >18 years and (2) ICU admission requiring mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome of interest included tracheostomy assessed via a binary classification model. Models included logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost).

Results

Of 38,508 invasively mechanically ventilated patients, 1605 patients underwent a tracheostomy. The XGBoost, RF, and LR models had fair performances at an AUROC 0.794, 0.780, and 0.775 respectively. Limiting the XGBoost model to 20 features out of 331, a minimal reduction in performance was observed with an AUROC of 0.778. Using Shapley Additive Explanations, the top features were an admission diagnosis of pneumonia or sepsis and comorbidity of chronic respiratory failure.

Conclusions

Our machine learning model accurately predicts the probability that a patient will eventually require a tracheostomy upon ICU admission, and upon prospective validation, we have the potential to institute earlier interventions and reduce the complications of prolonged ventilation.
Numerical and experimental study on anisotropic heat transfer behaviors of quartz fabric composite preforms: Multiple micro‐scale models method
Authors: Wu Hui , Wang Xi , Peng Haoyue , Ding Xiang , Du Peijian , Han Zian , Gao Xiaoping , Xu Peng , Zhu Xianfeng
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study on anisotropic heat transmission behaviors in quartz fiber fabrics. Considering the random distribution characteristic of fibers within the yarn, an innovative two‐scale finite element method (tFEM) is introduced, incorporating multiple micro‐scale fiber models (MMFM) based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. MMFM are divided into 8 distinct models to capture intricate fiber arrangements. The macro‐scale fabric model is constructed based on the geometric structure analysis by Micro‐CT technology. Both micro‐ and macro‐scale models are assembled with the air matrix to form the two‐phase composite model. The Hot‐Disk thermal analysis instrument is applied to measure the anisotropic thermal conductivity (ATC). Numerical results from MMFM shows more excellent agreements with the experimental ones at 3D orthogonal directions of fabrics, i.e., the error rates of the thermal conductivity in the warp, weft and thickness directions between numerical and experimental methods are all less than 3%, which indicates the tFEM including MMFM in this paper is more accurate than the tFEM including OSMFM. In addition, the temperature distribution and heat transmission differences due to fiber arrangements are simulated and illustrated through the MMFM. Afterwards, temperature drop and isothermal characteristics are demonstrated in this study.

Highlights

Effects of fiber arrangements on steady heat transfer behaviors at micro‐scale are illustrated.

Isothermal and temperature‐drop characteristics at micro‐ and macro‐scale are simulated and studied.

The transverse isotropy of thermal conductivity at micro‐scale and the anisotropy of that at macro‐scale are revealed.
The Reliability of Ultrasound Markers in Identifying Fetuses With a Life‐Limiting Skeletal Dysplasia
Authors: Crane Haley M. , Schindewolf Erica , Burrill Natalie , Debari Suzanne , Khalek Nahla , Paidas Teefey Christina , Soni Shelly , Coleman Beverly , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Gebb Juliana
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the diagnostic performance of ultrasound markers associated with life‐limiting fetal skeletal dysplasia in a fortified cohort.

Methods

Retrospective review from 2013 to 2023 of pregnancies with suspected fetal skeletal dysplasia. Ultrasound evaluation included measurements predictive of a life‐limiting dysplasia: thoracic circumference/abdominal circumference (TC/AC) < 0.6, femur length/abdominal circumference (FL/AC) < 0.16, and thoracic circumference (TC) < 2.5th percentile. Demographics, ultrasound findings, genetic testing, and fetal/neonatal outcome were reviewed.

Results

Of 96 fetuses with complete outcome data, 47 (49%) had a non‐life‐limiting dysplasia and 49 (51%) had a life‐limiting dysplasia. 22 (23%) had no life‐limiting markers, 42 (44%) had one, 27 (28%) had two, and 5 (5%) had three. FL/AC < 0.16 and TC < 2.5th percentile were associated with life‐limiting dysplasia (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), while TC/AC < 0.6 was rare and did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.056). The positive predictive value (PPV) for predicting life‐limiting dysplasia increased from 50% to 78% to 100% with one, two, or three markers. The PPV of the two life‐limiting markers was significantly higher in those diagnosed at < versus ≥ 28 weeks (90% vs. 43%, p = 0.02) but the analysis was limited by small numbers in the ≥ 28 weeks cohort. The negative predictive value of no life‐limiting markers was 91%.

Conclusions

In our cohort, the presence of two life‐limiting ultrasound markers prior to 28 weeks was highly suggestive of a life‐limiting dysplasia, whereas the absence of life‐limiting markers was strongly associated with a non‐life‐limiting dysplasia throughout gestation. Nonetheless, individual markers had a poor predictive value of lethality, and a life‐limiting diagnosis ≥ 28 weeks is challenging based on ultrasound markers alone. This highlights the importance of integrating thorough sonography, genetic testing, and balanced parental counseling.
Bio‐composite using polyhydroxyalkanoates and sustainable nanofillers derived from cellulose nanofibers and its application for an environmentally friendly packaging material
Authors: Jo Jaemin , Koo Bonwook
Published: July 2024

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is a carbon neutral material that contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to manufactured from biomass and easily degraded by the enzymatic effects of microorganisms in the natural environment. However, PHA exhibits poorer mechanical properties and processability compared with petroleum‐based plastics. This study used cellulose nanofiber (CNF) to improve limit of PHA. Moreover, CNF was silylated to reduce polarity difference with PHA and enhance the dispersibility of nanocellulose at PHA. At a result, the silylation process was successfully performed by Si‐CH3 stretching peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and hydrophobicity of TEOS‐MTES‐CNF (TECNF) was confirmed by observed water contact angle (147°). In addition, nanostructure of TECNF was maintained during silylation and drying process through field emission scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the PHA/TECNF composite showed enhanced processability, and tensile strength was increase almost 37% (0.52 MPa) compared with PHA. Oxygen transmission rates (300 cc/m2۰day) and single lap shear strength (225 kPa) were determined to be at least equivalent or superior to those of commercial packaging materials. Therefore, TECNF could be considered as a reinforcing agent, nucleating agent, and plasticizer in PHA. Also, this composite has possibilities to using as environmentally friendly packaging materials.
Quantitative structure‐property relationshiptechniques for predicting carbon dioxide solubility in ionic liquids using machine learning methods
Authors: Benmouloud Widad , Euldji Imane , Si‐Moussa Cherif , Benkortbi Othmane
Published: July 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered unique and attractive types of solvents with great potential to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) and reduce its emissions into the atmosphere. On the other hand, carrying out experimental measurements of CO2solubility for each new IL is time‐consuming and expensive. Whereas, the possible combinations of cations and anions are numerous. Therefore, the preparation and design of such processes requires simple and accurate models to predict the solubility of CO2as a greenhouse gas. In the present study, two different models, namely: artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine optimized with dragonfly algorithm (DA‐SVM) were used in order to establish a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) between the molecular structures of cations and anions and the CO2solubility. More than 10 116 CO2solubility data measured in various ionic liquids (ILs) at different temperatures and pressures were collected. 13 significant PaDEL descriptors (E2M, MATS8S, TDB6I, TDB1S, ATSC4V, MATS8M, ATSC7V, Gats2S, Gats5S, Gats5C, ATSC6V, DE, and Lobmax), temperature and pressure were considered as the model input data. For the test set data (2023 data point), the estimated mean absolute error (MAE) andR2for the ANN model are of 0.0195 and 0.9828 and 0.0219 and 0.9745 for the DA‐SVM model. The results obtained showed that both models can reliably predict the solubility of CO2in ILs with a slight superiority of the ANN model. Examination of sensitivity and outlier diagnosis examinations confirmed that the QSPR model optimized using the ANN algorithm is better suited to correlate and predict this property.
The Impact of HIV Upon the PCI Results: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: El‐Qushayri Amr Ehab , Hashan Mohammad Rashidul , Alam Md Mahfuj , Khan Muhammad Sanowar , Alqahtani Nasser G.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to comprehensively evaluate the latest evidences and summarise the impact of HIV on PCI outcomes. A PRISMA guided literature search was conducted on 14 February 2024 in Web of Science, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar and Scopus. We searched with the term ‘(“percutaneous coronary intervention” OR “PCI”) AND (“human immunodeficiency virus” OR “HIV” OR “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome” OR “AIDS”)’ after selecting the keywords from randomly chosen included papers. We included 8 papers of 781 screened records. HIV (+) patients had significant in‐hospital, 1‐year and overall (event at the last follow up point) all‐cause mortality compared to HIV (−) group (OR: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.57–1.90, p < 0.01), (OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.07–1.81, p = 0.01) and (OR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.55–1.85, p < 0.01), respectively. HIV (+) patients had significantly higher odds of developing MACE (OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.12–1.62, p = 0.001) compared to the HIV (−) group. No differences between both groups were detected regarding in‐hospital and overall CV mortality, TVR, TLR, post‐PCI TIMI grade 3 flow, cerebrovascular accidents and recurrent coronary events (p > 0.05). Our study revealed that people with HIV who underwent PCI in this modern era may have worse short and long‐term PCI outcomes. This finding highlights the need for specialised cardiovascular care protocols for the HIV population. However, enhanced clinical management and preventative measures are imperative to improve PCI success rates in patients with HIV.
3‐1: Invited Paper: Reality Versus Simulations in Diffractive Waveguide Combiners
Authors: Genoud Guillaume , Mäntynen Henrik , Matikainen Antti , Vartiainen Ismo
Published: July 2024

Dispelix has developed an advanced design toolset capable of optimizing the image quality and performance of augmented reality near‐eye and head‐up displays based on diffractive waveguide technology. The design toolset can solve the unique challenge prevalent in diffractive optical waveguide systems by accurately simulating the operation of nano‐scale diffractive surface relief gratings in an optical waveguide with macro‐scale dimensions. This paper presents simulation results of key performance metrics and compares them to measurement data from samples manufactured by state‐of‐the‐art nanofabrication tools.
3‐3: Anamorphic‐XR: Imaging Waveguide Technology for Efficient and Wide Field‐of‐View Near‐Eye Display
Authors: Robinson Michael G. , Woodgate Graham J. , Wilson Austin , Harrold Jonathan , Ihas Ben C. , Ramsey Robert A.
Published: July 2024

A near‐eye display technology, Anamorphic‐XRTM, incorporating imaging waveguides is described. Developed for multiple applications since 2011, unique light manipulation capabilities and highly compact form factors are achievable. Catadioptric anamorphic optics and polarisation management are used to sidestep limitations of conventional VR lens and AR waveguide displays, enhancing performance and manufacturability. Simulations and measurements indicate an achievable specification of 90º field‐of‐view at 60ppd; >2000 nits/lumen; 80% polarised light transmission; and >15mm eyebox at 18mm eye relief from a <4mm thick waveguide. A Hybrid Immersive Display is proposed, combining an anamorphic waveguide with a conventional VR display.
5‐2: Integrated Design of Capacitive Touch and Electromagnetic Sensor for Flexible OLED Display
Authors: Wang Lihua , Yang Xianqing , Shen Haijing , Guo Rui , Ren Qingrong , Lu Haifeng
Published: July 2024

This work presents a novel structure for integrating capacitive touch and electromagnetic resonance (EMR) sensors on thin film encapsulation (TFE) of OLED display. Through co‐layer design of touch bridge electrode and EMR coil, the number of mask can be reduced, and the module thickness can also be decreased. In addition, the Cs loading of touch and the resistance of EMR coils are both reduced by the unique pattern design. Finally, an 8‐inch prototype sample was developed, and the hybrid sensor achieved sensitive touch and EMR stylus scribing functions after debugging.
11‐1: Invited Paper: MicroLED Displays for Augmented Reality Smart Glasses
Authors: Li Qiming , Tan Weisin , Zhu Yuankun , Guo Jian , Jiang Xingtong
Published: July 2024

Augmented reality smart glasses, in general, have highest requirements as compared with smart phones and watches. Its display must be of light weight (a few grams), tremendous brightness (millions of nits), low power consumption (hundreds of milliwatts), and extremely small volume (a small fraction of cubic centimeter) to allow fashionable smart glass designs that would be socially and aesthetically favored by consumers. We have been focusing on micrometer‐scale native semiconductor MicroLED integration, to create miniaturized panels and projectors, which can be seamlessly integrated into the frames of the smart glasses. Among many technical aspects of microLED displays, two key parameters will be emphasized here. First, a microLED panel must be bright and efficient at the same time, especially for red microLED panel with small pixel pitch, such as 2.5 µm. Second, a microLED technology must enable reasonable reliability at a high energy density of, such as 10 watts per square centimeter. Vertically stacked native semiconductors monolithic integration, quantum dots conversion, perovskites, etc., will be discussed, in a context of facing challenges in materials and device physics and fulfilling the two requirements. In addition, an image quality correction method on the waveguide‐microLED display module will be proposed.
11‐3: Invited Paper: Advanced Micro LED Technologies for AR/MR Systems
Authors: Lin Chien-Chung , Chang Hsueh-Chih , Kuo Wei-Hung , Wu Ming-Hsien , Chao Chia-Hsin , Fang Yen-Hsiang
Published: July 2024

A high quality micro LED array is essential for AR/MR systems. Either transparent or non‐transparent full‐color displays that are better than 3000 PPI require unique integration techniques that need to be optimized. The corresponding effects brought by these photonic components to the systems can be discussed in this talk.
17‐1: Cylindrical Fiber‐based Oxide TFTs with a 2T1C Pixel Circuit for Wearable Textile Displays
Authors: Lee Jiseong , Kim Chan Young , Park Jiwoo , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: July 2024

This study introduces a simplified fabrication method for implementing a TFT array on a cylindrical fiber, using only four masks and a low‐temperature process below 120 ℃. To overcome the limitations of the one‐dimensional cylindrical fiber structure, the study emphasizes the design and implementation of a three‐dimensional backplane, utilizing the side or bottom surfaces of the fiber to address patterning and shadowing challenges. The proposed TFTs, part of the 2T1C pixel circuit within the fiber, exhibit electrical properties suitable for driving OLEDs.
20‐2: High‐resolution Pixelated Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes via Electrohydrodynamic Printing Technology
Authors: Yuan Xu , Wang Haowei , Liu Yang , Chen Zhuo , Li Dong , Li Yanzhao , Li Xinguo , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

In this study, we achieved high‐resolution pixelated QLED device with 500 pixels per inch (ppi) through electrohydrodynamic printing (EHD) technology. We optimize the EHD printing process by controlling ink viscosity and printing speed to obtain a uniform and flat emission layer film. Then, we prepared high‐resolution pixelated bottom‐emission and top‐emission PMQLED with maximum current efficiencies of 13.6 cd/A and 16.4 cd/A, respectively. Finally, we fabricated a 500 ppi red and green (R/G) dual‐color bottom‐emission QLED device using the EHD printing method. The successful preparation of these 500 ppi QLED devices with high efficiency indicated that the EHD printing method can provides a technical basis for developing the high‐resolution QLED display technology in the future.
21‐1: Invited Paper: Analysis of Capacitance Characteristics of Highly Efficient Blue OLEDs by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Shin Hyosup , Yamamoto Makoto , Ha Moran , Bae Sung-Soo , Chu Changwoong
Published: July 2024

Blue phosphorescent materials typically have larger capacitance compared with commercialized blue fluorescent OLEDs. To improve capacitance‐related image quality issues, we need to reduce capacitance of devices without sacrificing other device's properties such as efficiency, lifetime, and operating voltage. In this study, we analyzed devices with phosphor sensitized TADF (PST) emission devices by impedance spectroscopy and revealed that the capacitance is largely affected by giant surface potential (GSP) of consisting layers. The influence of GSP on capacitance is sensitively changed by not only GSP value but also the position of GSP layers in the device. We revealed the effect of GSP of HTL, BIL etc. and explained the mechanism underlying on this phenomena based on device simulation.
22‐3: Negative Capacitance ZAO/ZnO Ferroelectric Thin‐Film Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Islam Md Mobaidul , Jeong Myeonggi , Ali Arqum , Bae Jinbaek , Roy Samiran , Jang Jin
Published: July 2024

We report complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible, negative capacitance (NC) ferroelectric (FE) zirconium‐aluminum oxide (ZAO)/ZnO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) at a low thermal budget of 360 °C. The NC‐FE‐TFTs demonstrate uniform device‐to‐device performances, featuring a high memory window of 6.7 ± 0.1 V and steep subthreshold swing of 43 ± 4 mV dec–1 . The observation of negative differential resistance at room temperature confirms the NC effect in FE‐ZAO/ZnO TFTs. In addition, a learning accuracy of ≈92% is achieved, highlighting the potential for high precision neuromorphic computing application.
27‐2: Nine‐Depth Switchable Augmented Reality Display with Bi‐stacked Quarter‐Waveplate‐Based Geometric Phase Lenses
Authors: Shin Jung-Yeop , Lee Jae-Won , Seo Jin-Hyeok , Cho Young-Min , Kim Hak-Rin
Published: July 2024

Here, we present triple sets of wavefront modulation by proposing quarter‐waveplate‐based GPL (QWP GPL). We demonstrate nine depth‐switchable AR imaging functions with a bi‐stack condition of the QWP GPL modules. The presented QWP‐based GPL module scheme is advantageous for increasing depth‐switchable layers without increasing the switchable optic units required. In addition, the AR display optics based on the QWP GPL module can further improve form‐factor issues and AR imaging properties.
28‐3: Analytic Model of Quantum Dot LED Current‐Voltage Characteristics
Authors: Ahmed Khaled
Published: July 2024

Quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QDLED) displays promise superior color gamut with respect to organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays and liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs). In this paper, for the first time, a data‐validated closed‐form physics‐based expression is derived for the I‐V characteristics of QDLEDs. The I‐V equation is derived using an approximation scheme which not only brings the previouslyintractable transport mechanisms back into the fold of analytic tractability but emphasizes the underlying physics of each transport mechanism in doing so. The model is shown to fit state‐of‐the‐art experimental data over a large range of operating currents. The model may be used for circuit simulations.
28‐4: Positive Aging Resulted in Highly Efficient Blue Quantum Rod Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Mallem Kumar , Liao Zebing , Prodanov Maksym F. , Song Jianxin , Bhadra Debjyoti , Gavara Roja Ramani , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of blue quantum rods (QRs) is challenging due to fast kinetics and a significant shift in color during the synthesis of w‐CdSe seeds. Herein, we synthesized highly bright CdSe/ZnxCd1‐xS/ZnS core/shell blue QRs with an emission wavelength of 480 nm and fabricated blue QRLEDs. We found that the aging process of the QRLEDs significantly improved their performance by slowly reacting Al with ZnMgO and forming an AlOx interlayer among the ZnMgO/Al, which increased electron injection by over 3x times. The AlOx layer minimized the electron injection barrier and produced highly conductive ZnMgO by forming oxidation deficiency. Additionally, the exciton quenching suppressed at the QRs/ZnMgO/Al interface, and film morphology also changed among the QRs/ZnMgO stacks with the time. As a result, the aged QRLEDs showed an EQE of 9.4% and luminance of 61500 cd/m2, which is 2.6x and 3x times higher than the freshly made QRLEDs. These are the highest reported numbers in EQE and luminance of blue QRLEDs. Additionally, the durability of the blue QRLEDs significantly improved from 50 to 300 hours at 100 cd/m2 initial luminance. Overall, the use of QRs in LEDs greatly improves device efficiency and brightness.