bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Fall Detection for Disabled Individuals Using Mobile Phone Sensors and Machine Learning: A Survey
Authors: Asma Abdallah Nasser Al-Risi  , Shamsa Salim Mattar Albadi  , Shima Hamdan Said Almaamari  , Saleem Raja Abdul Samad  , Pradeepa Ganesan
Published: May 2024

Fall risks to health and safety are especially dangerous for those with impairments. An automated fall detection system is necessary, especially in medical and senior care. The elderly and individuals with impairments are particularly susceptible to falls, which frequently result in severe injuries and complications, thereby presenting a considerable threat to their overall health. The early discovery and response to a fall incidence can reduce immobilization and consequent health complications, saving lives. Automatic fall detection systems quickly and reliably indicate falls and dispatch medical or emergency assistance. Researchers have introduced various automatic fall detection methods using machines or deep learning. Most fall detection systems depend on wearable or stationary sensors, which restricts the user's mobility and accessibility. Conversely, mobile sensor-based fall detection leverages the widespread presence of smartphones by obtaining motion information via their integrated accelerometers and gyroscopes. Our primary objective is to develop a reliable fall detection method using a mobile phone sensor and machine learning. This paper examines several methods employed in the identification of falls and emphasizes the significance of utilizing mobile phone sensors in the process of fall detection. It also discusses recent research in this domain and highlights research challenges. This could potentially foster further innovation in the field.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM WITH FACIAL IMAGE PROCESSING (EIGENFACE) USING MATLAB APPLICATION
Authors: Atan Nur Dua Fathansyah , Rahmadewi Reni , Adzani Susanto Damar , Kuncoro Jati Wisnu
Published: May 2024

Facial recognition has emerged as a prominent personal identification system, especially in the industrial sector where traditional attendance card machines have been prevalent. However, manual systems pose several drawbacks, including susceptibility to fraud, lack of flexibility, and resource wastage in card production. To address these issues, this research proposes a shift from card-based attendance systems to a facial recognition-based system using MATLAB application. The study aims to design an identification system based on the eigenface method to process facial images. It begins with a thorough literature review to gather relevant references. Subsequently, a specialized MATLAB application was developed for face identification, and its accuracy was tested. The research utilizes trained data consisting of 45 photos and tested data consisting of 15 photos to evaluate the system's accuracy. The test results reveal a 100% accuracy rate in system identification. Notably, the accuracy varies when identifying faces with different background images, indicating the robustness of the MATLAB application. Overall, the findings suggest that MATLAB can effectively implement an image processing attendance system using the eigenface method.
Ethical Hacking
Authors:   Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Ponkumar Dr. D. David Neels , Ezhilazhagan Dr. C. ,   Assistant Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Prabha Dr. K. Lakshmi ,   Principal T. S. Srinivasan Centre for Polytechnic College and Advanced Training Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2024

As an all-inclusive resource for ethical hacking and cybersecurity, this book is only intended for instructional purposes. Ethical hacking and cybersecurity are topics that this book will help readers overcome any confusion they may have. Electronic security auditing is covered in this book. topics such as cybersecurity, cyber assaults, phishing, keyloggers, man-in-the-middle attacks, and distributed denial of service attacks. encryption/decryption, phishing/sniffing/social engineering/network scanning, etc.
Productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa) influenced by customized fertilizers under rice-wheat cropping system
Authors: NEERAJ KUMAR  , RAJ BAHADUR  , SUSHIL KUMAR YADAV  , S.P. SINGH  , ANAND SINGH  , A.K. BAHELIYA  , DHARMENDRA KUMAR
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, on silty loam soil during 2016–17 and 2017–18 to study the productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) influenced by customized fertilizers in rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment comprised of 6 nutrient management practices, viz. T1, control; T2, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); T3, Soil test-based recommendation (STR); T4, Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer; T5, TCL customized fertilizer and T6, Farmer’s practice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Results revealed that soil test-based recommendation showed significantly higher grain yield (4.88 t/ha), straw yield (7.53 t/ha) of rice, maximum number of effective tillers (438.6/m2), higher length of panicle (25.05 cm), maximum number of grains/panicles (135.10) and test weight (23.81g) over farmer’s practice and RDF, while it was at par with TCL customized fertilizer and Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer. The higher buildup of organic soil carbon (0.43%) and available N (174.11 kg/ha), P (18.98 kg/ha), S (14.88 ppm), DTPA-Zn (0.65 ppm) and B (0.55 ppm) in was maintained or slightly increased in soil test-based recommendation and customized fertilizers applied plots. While higher availability of K (259.80 kg/ha) was found in RDF. The higher net returns (32.58 × 103 `/ha) per rupee investment and B:C ratio (0.82) was also recorded in Soil test-based recommendation followed by Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer and TCL customized fertilizer.
Microbial population and yield of rice–wheat system under variable irrigation and nutrient management
Authors: TIGANGAM P. GANGMEI  , NAVNEET KAUR  , ALISHA THAKUR  , KISHOR KUMAR SAHU  , ANIL KUMAR  , SANJEEV KUMAR SANDAL  , SANDEEP MANUJA
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2018–19 and winter (rabi) season of 2019–20 at the Water Management Research Farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh to study the effect of moisture and nutrient management practices on different soil microbial entities and crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Treatments comprised of 3 irrigation levels, viz. Recommended critical stages regimes; Irrigation at 0.8 CPE (cumulative pan evaporation) (rice) and 0.6 CPE (wheat); Irrigation at 1.0 CPE (rice) and 1.0 CPE (wheat) assigned to main-plots and 4 nutrient management practices, viz. Inorganic; Organic; Natural farming; and Integrated management allotted to sub-plots. Irrigation at critical stages resulted in significantly higher rice yield, bacterial, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), actinomycetes population. However, fungi population increased under higher moisture regimes. In case of wheat crop, irrigation at 1.0 CPE resulted in a significantly higher yield (7.5% higher over irrigation at critical stages) in both the years of study. Organic and integrated nutrient management practices being statistically at par with each other recorded significantly higher microbial population. A significantly higher fungi population was, however, recorded with natural farming. The highest crop yields were obtained with integrated nutrient management (3.4 t/ha rice and 3.6 t/ha wheat in second year). The best combination for rice was irrigation at critical stages along with integrated nutrient management. Whereas, for wheat irrigation at 1.0 CPE with same nutrient management proved to be the best. Hence it is recommended to follow integrated nutrient management and irrigation at critical stages in rice and at 1.0 CPE in wheat for higher productivity as well as for improved biological properties of soil.
Influence of coir pith application on soil moisture distribution with different irrigation regimes of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation under trickle irrigation system
Authors: ANBARASU MARIYAPPILLAI  , GURUSAMY ARUMUGAM  , SWAMINATHAN CHITRAPUTHIRA PILLAI
Published: May 2024

An experiment was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 at the AICRP Water Management field, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu to study the effect of coir pith application on soil moisture distribution of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different irrigation regimes. Treatment consisted of 3 irrigation regimes, viz. I1 , Trickle irrigation at 120% Pan Evaporation (PE); I2 , 100% PE, and I3 , 80% PE. Experiment separately, maintained the surface irrigation of IW: CPE 1.20 as control. The well-composed coir pith @375 kg/ha was spread over the raised beds and leveled well with surface soil. Soil samples were collected in vertical and horizontal directions for determining soil moisture by gravimetric method. Soil moisture appropriation was plotted graphically as contour maps used by the surfer. Results revealed that trickle irrigation at 120% PE with coir pith application improved the yield attributes of aerobic rice compared to surface irrigation (IW: CPE 1.20) owing to coir pith’s favourable hydrological and physical properties to hold and spread the water in the raised bed area.
Preceding kharif crops and fertilizer influence on growth, yield and nutrient requirement of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: JOSHI JESAL P.  , P.P. CHAUDHARI  , P.H. PATEL
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) season each of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to study the effect of preceding kharif crops and fertilizer on growth, yield, economics and nutrient requirement of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising of 4 kharif crops, viz. greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek], sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] and fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as main plots and 5 fertilizer treatments, viz. 100% RDF (120 kg N + 60 kg P2 O5 + 40 kg K2 O/ha); 75% RDF; 50% RDF; 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria); and 50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB as sub plots with four replications. Wheat grown after kharif greengram had better growth parameters and yield attributes which was reflected in an increase in grain (4.78 t/ha) and straw (6.41 t/ha) yield of wheat. Among different fertilizer treatments, wheat fertilized with 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain (4.60 t/ha) and straw yield (6.20 t/ha). Nutrient uptakes by grain and straw increased under wheat grown after greengram and fertilized with 100% RDF. Greengramwheat crop sequence and wheat fertilized with either 100% RDF or 75% RDF along with Azotobacter + PSB seed inoculation earned higher net realization and B:C ratio.
Effect of zinc and boron on grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in north-western plain zone of India
Authors: SATYBHAN SINGH  , VIRENDRA SINGH  , MONU KUMAR
Published: May 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of zinc and boron on grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the winter (rabi) season of 2018–2019 and 2019–20 at the agronomy research farm of IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Ten treatments, viz. T1 , Control (no fertilizer); T2 , zinc @ 5 kg/ha (SA); T3 , zinc @ 1 kg/ha (FA); T4 - zinc @ 1 + 1 kg/ha (2 FA); T5 , zinc @ 5 kg/ha (SA) + zinc @ 1 kg/ha (FA); T6 , boron @ 0.5 kg/ha (SA); T7 , boron @ 0.1 kg/ha (FA); T8 , boron @ 0.2 kg/ha (2 FA); T9 , boron @ 0.5 kg/ha (SA) and boron @ 0.1 kg/ha (FA) and T10-, zinc @ 5 kg/ha + boron @ 0.5 kg/ha (SA) were comprised in randomized block design (RBD) with the three replications. The results revealed that different levels and application methods of zinc and boron significantly improved the grain quality of wheat. Maximum Zn content (35.4 and 35.9 mg/ha) and Zn uptake (185.1 and 197.1 g/ha) in 2018–19 and 2019–20, respectively were recorded with Zn @ 5 kg/ha (SA) + zinc @ 1 kg/ha (FA). Moreover, maximum B content (58.5 and 59.5 mg/ha) and B uptake (361.9 and 376.4 g/ha) in 2018–19 2019–20, respectively were observed with B @ 0.5 kg/ha (SA) and B @ 0.1 kg/ha (FA). Maximum protein content in grain (12.6 and 12.7%) and protein yield (712.8 and 744.9 kg/ha) was recorded under Zn - 5 kg/ha (SA) + B 0.5 kg/ha (SA) in 2018–19 and 2019–20, respectively
Quantifying response of azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria liquid inoculants seed treatment on productivity and profitability of kharif grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: G.V. THAKARE  , B. GANGAIAH  , PRITAM BHUTADA  , A.V. DAHIPHALE  , N.M. KONDE
Published: May 2024

A field study was carried out during 2017–19 at Sorghum Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra to assess the effect of liquid bio-fertilizers inoculation over existing powder form inoculants on kharif grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The experiment comprised of 6 treatments, viz. no bio-fertilizer control i.e. with RDF alone (T1 ); RDF + Azo. (Azospirillum) + PSB @50 g each/kg seed (T2 ); RDF + Azo. + PSB @2 ml each/kg seed (T3 ); RDF + Azo. @2 ml and PSB @4 ml/kg seed (T4 ); RDF + Azo. @4 ml + PSB @2 ml/kg seed (T5 ); and RDF + Azo. + PSB @4 ml each/kg seed (T6) conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 4 replications. Pooled data revealed that seed inoculation with Azo. + PSB @2 ml each/kg seed (T3 ) has improved the sorghum biological, grain yield and net returns 21.13, 19.83 and 17.92% over their powder form of inoculants i.e. T2 (14.71 t/ha, 3.56 t/ha and 73,116). These enhancements in biomass, grain yields and net income was owing to liquid bio-fertilizer seed treatment. Liquid-based inoculants were found to boost growth and yield parameters, which was ascribed to the concomitant increase in plant height and number of grains/panicle, respectively. Increase in quantity of liquid bio-fertilizers beyond 2 ml/kg seed proved not-rewarding from both productivity and profitability point of view. Sorghum seed inoculation with liquid bio-fertilizers @2 ml each/kg seed proved to be a potential substitute for existing powder form without any additional cost.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based intercropping systems in Rajasthan’s Hadoti region: Productivity and economic viability
Authors: S.N. MEENA  , L.K. MEENA  , S. YADAV  , C.K. JADON  , U. DHAKAD  , MOHAN LAL  , H.P. VERMA  , V. GUPTA  , P. SINGH
Published: May 2024

A study was carried out during three successive winter (rabi) seasons (2018–19 to 2020–21) at the Agricultural Research Station in Ummedganj, Kota, Rajasthan to determine the productivity and economic viability of intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan. Nine various chickpeabased intercropping systems, viz. Sole chickpea; Sole linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.); Sole coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.); Sole wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); Sole mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]; Chickpea + linseed (6:2); Chickpea + coriander (6:2); Chickpea + wheat (6:2); and Chickpea + mustard (6:2) were investigated in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. According to combined statistics, the chickpea + mustard intercropping system had the highest chickpea grain yield and equivalent yield (1,865 kg/ha and 2,574 kg/ ha, respectively) when compared to all other intercropping systems. Results of competitive indices revealed that compared to rest of the intercropping system, chickpea + mustard (6:2) recorded significantly higher LER (1.25), MAI (18,462) and SPI (2912 kg/ha), while the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage index (MAI), system productivity index (SPI) and production efficiency (PE) were recorded in the chickpea + wheat intercropping system. The chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded values of competition ratio (3.56), aggressivity (-0.05), system profitability index (2912), relative crowding coefficient (13.2), and area time equivalent ratio (1.24), that were sustainable and producible in comparison to other treatments. In terms of economics, compared to all other intercropping and solo crops, the chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded the chickpea’s most significant net returns (`93,681/ha) and benefit cost (B:C) ratio (3.11). So, for south-eastern Rajasthan, the mustard and chickpea intercropping system is a productive and sustainable system.
Halophilic microbial formulations for improving crop productivity and soil health under saline Vertisols of Gujarat
Authors: SHRVAN KUMAR  , ANIL R. CHINCHMALATPURE  , MONIKA SHUKLA  , DAVID CAMUS  , BISWESWAR GORAIN
Published: May 2024

A study was carried out during winter (rabi) seasons of 2018 and 2019 at research farm of ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Bharuch, Gujarat to find out the effect of various halophilic microbial formulations in combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on winter (rabi) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity under saline Vertisols. Experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) comprised of 5 treatments, viz. T1 , Un-inoculated + Vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + 100% RDF (recommended dose of fertilizers); T2 , Un-inoculated + Vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + 75% RDF; T3 , Vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + 75% RDF + Halo-Azo inoculation; T4 , Vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + 75% RDF + Halo-PSB inoculation; and T5 , Vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + 75% RDF + Mix of Halo-Azo and Halo-PSB inoculation, replicated thrice. Results showed that application of different halophilic microbial formulations like Halo-Azo (Azotobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.) and Halo-PSB (consortia of Eneterobacter and Brevibacterium sp.) with vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + 75% RDF (recommended dose of fertilizers), provided at par yield with full dose (120 : 60 : 00; N : P : K kg/ha) of fertilizers, thus able to reduce 25% chemical fertilizer dose. Halo-Azo formulation performed better for improving crop yield as compared to Halo-PSB formulation. Combined application of Halo-Azo and Halo-PSB with vermicompost @2.5 t/ha and 75% RDF performed the best and provided significantly higher grain yield (2.75 t/ha) as compared to other treatments. Single and combined application of Halo-Azo and Halo-PSB with vermicompost @2.5 t/ha and 75% RDF also improved soil health parameters and significant results, i.e. declined EC (2.46 dS/m) and pH (7.33), improved organic carbon (0.69%) and nutrient availability (available N: 299.8 kg/ha and P: 28.7 kg/ha) were obtained. Results showed that integration of halophilic microbial formulations with organics and chemical fertilizers was able to improve wheat yield up to 15% than conventional farming under saline Vertisols of Gujarat.
Dual purpose barley (Hordeum vulgare) for better remunerations through higher fodder and grain production under different cutting schedules
Authors: NEELAM  , SURESH KUMAR  , SATPAL  , V.S. HOODA  , SHWETA
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the research farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to evaluate the dual purpose barley for higher remunerations through increased production of fodder and grain under different cutting schedules. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 5 fodder cutting management practices, viz. No fodder cut; Fodder cutting at 50–60 DAS (days after sowing) above 5 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS above 5 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS above 10 cm cutting height in main plot and 4 dual purpose barley varieties, viz. ‘BH 393’, ‘BH 946’, ‘RD 2552’ and ‘RD 2715’ under sub-plots, replicated thrice. On the mean basis of 2 years experiment, maximum plant height, tillers/m2 and GFY (green fodder yield) were recorded with fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS irrespective of their cutting heights. Maximum GFY of 8.19 t/ha was found in variety ‘RD 2715’. At grain harvest, maximum effective tillers/m2 (415.2), no. of grains/ear-head (48.11), grain yield (4.82 t/ha) and straw yield (7.43 t/ha) were recorded in fodder cut at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm height. Among the varieties, ‘BH 946’ exhibited maximum effective tillers/m2 (416), test weight (45.51 g), grain yield (5.25 t/ha) and straw yield (7.62 t/ha). Highest benefit cost (B:C) ratio was fetched with the grain production after taking fodder cut at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm height (2.36) and barley variety ‘BH 946’ (2.61) among the tested dual-purpose barley varieties.
Response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) to irrigation schedules under sprinkler irrigation
Authors: ASHOK N. CHAUDHARY  , N.N. PRAJAPATI  , JIGAR DESAI
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the Centre for Crop Improvement, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha, Gujarat to study the response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacs L.) to irrigation schedules under sprinkler irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in a randomised block design (RBD) comprised of 6 irrigation treatments, viz. I0 , Surface irrigation; I1 , Control (only pre-sowing irrigation); I2 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.2 IW: CPE; I3 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.4 IW: CPE; I4 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.6 IW: CPE; and I5 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.8 IW:CPE with 4 replications. The results revealed that application of irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.8 had significant effect on plant height, inflorescence length (83.4 cm), grain yield (1,625 kg/ha) and straw yield (7,497 kg/ha) compared with control treatment (surface irrigation). Treatment 0.8 IW: CPE resulted in the 28.15% higher grain yield than the control. The highest water-use efficiency (WUE) (12.8 kg/ha-mm) was achieved by the treatment I1 (only pre-sowing irrigation). Consumptive use (mm) was found increased with increase in irrigation scheduling from I0 to I5 . The highest consumptive use of 179.3 mm was recorded under the treatment of 0.8 IW: CPE ratio. Irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE ratio fetched highest net returns of `54,701/ha, with benefit: cost (B:C) ratio 3.06 during both the years in pooled analysis.
Growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays) as influenced by sequential and combined application of tank mix herbicides
Authors: RAJAN SHUKLA  , AMIT BHATNAGAR  , ANJALI RAWAT  , SATYAM RAWAT  , SANDEEP KUMAR
Published: May 2024

The experiment was conducted during 2021–22 at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand to evaluate the impact of sequential and tank mix application of pre- and post-emergence herbicide on weed dynamics and maize productivity. The study was comprised of 9 treatments viz. Weedy (T1 ); Weed free (T2 ); Pre-emergence (PE) application of Atrazine -1 kg a.i./ha fb hand weeding (T3 ); PE application of Atrazine - 0.75 kg a.i./ha fb Post Emergence (Post E) application of Topramezone - 25.2 g a.i./ha (T4 ); PE application of Atrazine - 0.75 kg a.i./ha fb Post E application of Tembotrione - 120 g a.i./ha (T5 ); PE application of Atrazine - 1.0 kg a.i./ha fb Post E application of Topramezone - 25.2 g a.i./ha (T6 ); PE application of Atrazine - 1.0 kg a.i./ha fb Post E application of Tembotrione - 120 g a.i./ha (T7 ); Early Post E application of Topramezone - 25.2 g a.i./ha + Atrazine - 0.75 kg a.i./ha (T8 ) and Early Post E application of Tembotrione - 120 g a.i./ha + Atrazine - 0.75 kg a.i./ha (T9 ). Eleusine indica, Echinochloa colona, Digitaria sanguinalis and Eragrostis japonica were dominant among grassy weeds whereas broad leaf weeds included Cucumis melo, Phyllanthus niruri, Cleome viscosa and Commelina benghalensis. Cyperus rotundus was dominant among sedges. Topramezone - 25.2 g a.i./ha + Atrazine - 0.75 kg a.i./ha Early Post E resulted significantly lower total weed density and was similar to other herbicidal treatments. The highest grain yield (7.2 t/ha) was recorded in a weed-free crop that was similar to all herbicidetreated crops and significantly higher than the weedy crop. Tank mix application of atrazine - 0.75 kg a.i./ha with tembotrione 120 g a.i./ha or topramezone 25.2 g a.i./ha at 15 DAS can be suggested owing to higher grain yield and profits for farmers while lowering the dose and expenses involved in manual weeding and spraying atrazine separately.
Brown manuring for improved crop growth, yield and energetics of wet seeded-rice (Oryza sativa) in the coastal deltaic eco-system
Authors: KEERTHI DE  , P. SARAVANANE  , R. POONGUZHALAN  , S. NADARADJAN
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during October 2020–January 2021 at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry to study the effect of different seeding rates of [Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight] (Sesbania) in rice co-culture along with suitable post-emergence herbicides for brown manuring on crop productivity and energetics in wet seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consisted of 10 treatments, viz. T1 ,Sesbania seeding rate for brown manuring (BM) @15 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T2 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @20 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T3 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T4 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @15 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T5 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @20 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T6 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T7 , rice alone with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T8 , rice alone with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T9 , hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS (days after sowing); T10, unweeded control in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Sesbania seeding rate for brown manuring (BM) @25 kg/ha + 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha recorded significantly lower total weed density (73.3 no./m2) and weed dry weight (37.0 g/m2). Significantly higher crop growth rate (CGR) (528.2 g/m2 /day), plant height (132.8 cm) and rice yield (4823 kg/ha) were observed under Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha + 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha which was comparable with Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha + bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha but superior to treatments without BM and eventually resulted in higher energy productivity (0.59 to 0.60 kg/MJ), energy profitability (7.74 to 7.77 kg/MJ) and the energy use efficiency (8.74 to 8.77). Thus, Sesbania seeding rate @25 kg/ha along with spraying either 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha or bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha for brown manuring could be recommended in wet seeded rice.
Effect of phosphorus management on yield and economics under direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa) and blackgram (Vigna mungo) intercropping in a rainfed acidic upland soil
Authors: KOUSALYA H.M.  , Y.V. SINGH  , S.M. PRASAD  , S.S. RATHORE
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (CRURRS), Hazaribagh, Jharkhand to study the effect of phosphorus management on productivity and profitability under direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) (DSR) and blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] intercropping in rainfed acidic upland soil. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design comprised 4 methods of cropping, viz. Sole DSR; Sole blackgram; DSR + blackgram (4:1); and DSR + blackgram (4:2) allotted to main-plots and 4 phosphorus management practices, viz. P control (P0 ); Recommended dose of phosphorus (RDP) @17.5 kg P/ha; 50% RDP + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @500 g/ha + arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) @12.5 kg/ha; and 25% lime requirement (LR) + PSB + AMF in sub-plots. Experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations, replicated thrice. The rice variety ‘Sahabhagi’ and blackgram variety ‘Uttara’ were used. Among the cropping systems, the highest grain yield was recorded in sole rice (3.84 t/ha) and sole blackgram (1.14 t/ha) which was significantly higher than yields under intercropping in both the ratios. Gross (`96,879/ha) and net returns (`70,603/ha) of sole blackgram were significantly higher than other cropping systems and followed by DSR + blackgram (4:2). Net benefit:cost (B:C) of sole blackgram was maximum (`2.69) and lowest in sole rice (`1.01). Among phosphorus management treatments, 50% RDP + PSB + AMF gave significantly higher net return (`49,440) and net benefit:cost (`1.68). Application of 100% RDP and 25% LR + PSB + AMF gave at par returns and net benefit:cost. It may be suggested that under rainfed uplands of eastern India, farmers may adopt either sole blackgram or intercropping of rice and blackgram in 4:2 over sole DSR for higher productivity and monetary returns. For better phosphorus management in soil they should inoculate PSB and AM fungi along with 50% RDP at the time of sowing.
Growth, yield and nutrient uptake of browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa) under varying sowing dates and nitrogen levels
Authors: A. SAI KISHORE  , K. BHANU REKHA  , S.A. HUSSAIN  , A. MADHAVI
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at research farm of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana to study the effect of sowing dates and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of browntop millet [Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf]. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) on sandy loam soil with factorial concept consisting of 4 dates of sowing (June 15th, June 30th, July 15th and July 30th) and 4 nitrogen levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) with 3 replications. Results showed that leaf area (683, 1530 and 1412 cm2 /plant), dry-matter production (248, 540, 622 g/m2 ), number of panicles/m2 (6.52), panicle length (17.82 cm), grains/panicle (147.92), grain (2,003 kg/ha) and straw yield (3,930 kg/ha); and nutrient uptake (N, P and K) at tillering, flowering and harvest (grain and straw) were significantly higher with June 15th sowing. Among N levels, application of 60 kg N/ha recorded highest leaf area (735, 1,560 and 1,437 cm2/plant), dry-matter production (243, 523 and 619 g/m2 ), number of panicles/m2 (6.48), panicle length (19.08 cm), grains/panicle (152.42), grain (1,921 kg/ha) and straw yield (3,949 kg/ha), and nutrient uptake (N, P and K) at tillering, flowering and harvest (grain and straw) but was at par with 40 kg N/ha over 20 and 0 kg N/ha.
Weed dynamics, yield and economics of winter transplanted organic chia (Salvia hispanica L.) under nutrient and weed management
Authors: SUBHRA MISHRA  , BASUDEV BEHERA  , SUBHAPRADA DASH  , STUTI DEBAPRIYA BEHERA  , AKSHAYA KUMAR BEHURA  , B. K. SAHOO  , SANKARSAN NANDA
Published: May 2024

An experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at Agricultural Research Station, Chhatabar, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to study the effect of weed and nutrient management practices on weed dynamics, yield and economics of winter transplanted organic chia (Salvia hispanica L.). The experiment was conducted in split plot design having 6 weed and 5 nutrient management practices with three replications. Among 6 weed management practices, hoeing and weeding twice at 20 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) recorded the minimum density and biomass of weeds with weed control efficiency of 85 and 79.4% at 40 DAT and harvest, respectively. Nerium leaf aqueous extract (NLAE) 5% + castor leaf aqueous extract (CLAE) 5% + manual weeding at 35 DAT proved equally effective in weed control. Hoeing and weeding twice with 9 t/ha FYM + green manuring + Jeevamrit gave the seed, oil and protein yield of 730, 204 and 145 kg/ha, as against 720, 205 and 136 kg/ha, respectively. Weed management by NLAE 5% + CLAE 5% + manual weeding integrated with 9 t/ha FYM + green manuring + Jeevamrit and both, being statistically at par, proved to be significantly superior to all other treatment combinations. These two treatment combinations recorded statistically similar net return and return per rupee investment, and proved significantly superior to all others.
Growth and yield of late sown winter baby corn (Zea mays) as influenced by NPK levels
Authors: KUNJAM HRUDAYA  , S.P. SINGH  , SANT PRASAD  , VED PRAKASH
Published: May 2024

A pot experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2020–21 at research farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus (Banaras Hindu University), Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of NPK on growth and yield attributes of late sown winter baby corn (Zea mays L.). Treatment consisted of 7 levels of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) i.e. NPK, viz. control; 20% RDF; 40% RDF; 60% RDF; 80% RDF; 100% RDF; and 120% RDF in completely randomized design, replicated thrice. Each increment in NPK levels, significantly enhanced the growth and yield parameters of baby corn, viz. plant height, leaf area/plant, number of leaves/plant, chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b, dry weight/plant, first cob harvest and total harvest period, baby cobs/plant, baby corn length and girth, baby cob and baby corn weight, baby cob:baby corn ratio, baby cob, corn and fodder yield (g/plant) up to the highest level than other treatments. The results suggest that late sown winter baby corn can be applied with 150– 75–50 kg NPK/ha for higher yields.
Effect of different organic amendments on phosphorus dynamics of blackgram (Vigna mungo)
Authors: NALLAGATLA VINOD KUMAR  , PATIL M.B.
Published: May 2024

Legumes play a significant role in sustainable agriculture through their ability to improve soil fertility and health. With a mutual symbiotic relationship with some bacteria in soil, they can improve nitrogen (N) amount through biological N-fixation (BNF). But to maximize such functions, legumes need more phosphorus (P) as it is required for energy transformation in nodules. Besides, P also plays a significant role in root development, nutrient uptake and growth of legume crops. A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at IFS unit, College of Agriculture, (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad), Vijayapur, Karnataka to study the effect of different combination of organic sources on phosphorus dynamics of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Among different treatments, the application of vermicompost + ghanajeevamrutha @ 100% RDP + Rhizobium + PSB recorded significantly higher soil available phosphorus (36.30 kg/ha) and uptake by blackgram (16.08 kg/ha). This study has demonstrated the dynamics of phosphorus through different organic sources in blackgram.
Effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on leaf chlorophyll content of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at different growth stages under rainfed Vertisols
Authors: B.B. NAYAK  , S. BHARATHI  , M. SREE REKHA  , K. JAYALALITHA
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2018–19 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Gunter, Andhra Pradesh on Vertisols under rainfed conditions. To study the effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on compact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Leaf chlorophyll content was measured with the Soil Plant Analysis Development meter (SPAD 502 Plus Chlorophyll Meter) at different crop growth stages. Among the various crop geometry studied, maximum chlorophyll (SPAD index) content, functional leaves per square meter and leaf area index (LAI) were recorded with close crop geometry 60 cm × 10 cm. Among nitrogen levels application of 180 kg N/ha recorded maximum chlorophyll content, functional leaves per square meter and LAI. Combined effect on crop geometry and nitrogen levels on chlorophyll content was recorded significant with closer geometry 60cm x10cm along with an application of 180kg N ha-1 at 90 days after sowing. Dry matter accumulation (kg/ha) at 30 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest was significantly affected by crop geometry and levels of nitrogen but not by their interaction.
La música como estrategia didáctica en el aprendizaje de la escritura.
Authors: Solórzano Mero Nancy Magaly , Llumiquinga Yola Janeth Amparo , Yanqui Concha Gloria Marisol , Gaona Morales Teresa Noemi
Published: May 2024

La educación como un sistema multifocal, sistémico y epocal, engrana en su arbóreo pedagógico, un sinfín de posibilidades, donde pueda converger el sujeto y su identidad, por ello, es preciso recurrir al nexo simbólico ofrecido por el arte, donde la música, posibilita la atención a las múltiples vías de aprendizaje, orientando habilidades primarias como la motricidad, cuan guía orientativa para adquisición y desarrollo de la escrituralidad; para ello, el docente debe transformar su praxis desde el significado activo del ser en su componente sonoro, promoviendo un conocimiento desde las inteligencias múltiples. De esta manera, se plantea como objetivo analizar la perspectiva documental la música como estrategia didáctica en el aprendizaje de la escritura de niñas y niños de Educación General Básica de Ecuador.
Actitudes hacia la Educación Física: análisis comparativo entre estudiantes de básica superior y bachillerato.
Authors: Mero Mera Roberto Andrés , Ávila Poveda Elvis Tito
Published: May 2024

La presente investigación permitió analizar y comparar las actitudes hacia la Educación Física, en función de la etapa educativa. El estudio se llevo a cabo a través de un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo – comparativo. Utilizando un muestreo probabilístico estratificado, los participantes fueron 364 estudiantes que pertenecían a varias instituciones educativas públicas ubicadas en el sector rural del cantón Paján al sur de la provincia de Manabí-Ecuador. Entre ellos 183 (50.3%) alumnos pertenecían al nivel de básica superior y 181 (49.7%) al bachillerato, la cual el 52.7% correspondían al sexo masculino y el 48.3% al sexo femenino. A la cual se les administro el Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la Educación Física de Moreno et at., (2003). En los principales resultados obtenidos, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.06>0.05) a nivel general en las actitudes hacia la E.F en función de la etapa educativa. Aunque en cuanto a las dimensiones, se halló diferencias significantes en la dimensión utilidad de la E.F (p=0.00<0.05) y empatía con el profesor y la asignatura (0.03<0.05). En la mayoría de las dimensiones la valoración siempre fue un poco más elevada en los estudiantes de la básica superior. A nivel general ambos grupos mostraron actitudes medianamente favorables, recalcando que hubo un descenso cuando los estudiantes pasaban de décimo a primero de bachillerato, constándolo con la edad.
Prospects of Employing Graduates of Computer Science and Technology Diploma Programs in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia: An Analysis for the Period 2019-2023
Authors: Ahmed Sabah
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to explore and analyze the employment processes of graduates from computer science diploma programs in Saudi Arabia during the period from 2020 to 2023. This paper employed a quantitative research approach and utilize the survey method to collect data. The survey instrument designed to address the research objectives and questions outlined earlier. The collected survey data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The target population for this study comprises all graduates of computer science and technology diploma programs in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia for the period from 2019 to 2023. Since it is not feasible to survey the entire population, a representative sample of 60 participants had been selected using a random sampling technique. The results indicate that there are 42 (70%) who are Employed, there are 10 (16.7%) who are Self-Employed, and there are only 8 (13.3%) who are Unemployed. Which indicates that Graduates of Computer Science and Technology Diploma Programs in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia have higher probabilities to be employed. There are 19 (31.7%) who were graduated in 2019 and 2020, and there are 10 (16.7%) who were graduated in 2022. While there are 9 (15%) who were graduated in 2023. And there are only 3 (5%) who were graduated in 2021. there are 26 (43.3%) who are Employed in Public Sector, there are 20 (33.3%) who are Employed in private Sector, there are 6 (10%) who are Employed in mixed Sector (public and private), and there are only 8 (13.3%) who are Unemployed. Which indicates that private sector faces greater challenges in employing computer science program graduates compared to the public sector.
A Proposed Quality Measurements for Information Systems Development Projects
Authors: Buo-Oga Samih , Nour Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The objective of this paper is to propose quality measurements for ISDP to achieve higher quality levels for information systems development projects (ISDP). The complexity of assessing information system quality stems from its many important dimensions. This paper presents important quality concepts and fundamentals related to ISDP. In addition, it presents the life cycle, phases, and activities of ISDP. Depending on the proposed steps and a combination of statistical techniques, this paper introduces a proposed quality assurance model for ISDP activities. This proposed model can be used for building a software tool for the quality assurance of ISDP.
Challenges and success factors for small and medium enterprises in the food sector in the Riyadh region
Authors: Baselm Razan , Al-Shammari Al-Jouhara , Sufiani Eman , Sadek Walid , Abdul Hamid Al-Faisal
Published: May 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector in Riyadh face various challenges and factors affecting their success. This research aims to identify the main challenges encountered by SMEs in the food sector in Riyadh, explore the strategies they adopt, and analyze the success factors contributing to the growth and sustainability of these SMEs. The researchers employed a descriptive survey method, suitable for the nature and objectives of the study, and selected 52 SME owners from the study population. The study revealed several key findings: the overall average response of the study participants regarding the challenges and difficulties faced by SMEs fell at a "agree" level with an average score of 4.02. Additionally, the overall average response of the study participants regarding the success factors of SMEs fell at a "strongly agree" level with an overall average score of 4.51. Furthermore, the overall average response of the study participants regarding marketing and promotion in SMEs fell at a "agree and strongly agree" level with an overall average score of 4.40. The study recommended that educational and training programs specialized for SME owners in the food sector be provided, including marketing, cost management, and development of managerial skills, to increase their understanding and enhance their capabilities in dealing with financial and marketing challenges. Academic institutions should be encouraged to provide greater support for research and innovation in the food industry, including providing funding and necessary resources for researchers to focus on innovative solutions to the challenges facing SMEs in this sector. Universities and academic institutions should support SMEs in the food sector in updating their technology and applying modern technological solutions to improve their productivity, product quality, and more effective marketing.
Human Resources Management in Project Success at the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC)
Authors: Alruwayshid Lulwah , Sadek Walid , Abdul Hamid Al-Faisal
Published: May 2024

The focus of the study is to explain the role of human resources management in the success of projects in the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The descriptive analytical application was used using the questionnaire study tool for a direct sample of 100 employees in the most important results: There is a relationship that has proven successful in human resources management to achieve the success of projects in the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, There is a positive relationship in human resources management to achieving success in projects in the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, After managing human resources in discussions and meetings related to senior levels.
Examining the Impact of Accounting Practices on Socioeconomic Growth and Equity
Authors: Muslim Muslim
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the impact of accounting practices on socioeconomic growth and equity through a qualitative approach, drawing insights from existing literature. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted relationship between accounting practices and societal outcomes. A systematic review of literature from academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted, focusing on keywords like "accounting practices," "socioeconomic growth," and "equity." Thematic analysis was employed to identify patterns, themes, and relationships within the collected data. Findings reveal that transparent financial reporting and robust accounting standards play a crucial role in fostering economic development and promoting social equity. Additionally, the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into financial reporting frameworks has gained prominence in recent years, contributing to more inclusive growth and sustainable development. The study underscores the importance of accounting practices in shaping socioeconomic outcomes and highlights the need for evidence-based policy interventions and corporate practices that promote equity and sustainability.
The Role of Multidisciplinary Approaches in Public Health Research: A Literature Review
Authors: Yahya Fajar Dhini
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This article aims to describe the role of multidisciplinary approaches in public health research through a literature review.
Method: This research uses a literature review approach to analyze articles relevant to this topic. Various literature sources, including scientific journals, books, and research reports, have been systematically reviewed to obtain relevant information.
Findings: The results showed that the multidisciplinary approach in public health research has an important role in understanding and addressing various health issues. This approach involves collaboration between various disciplines, including social sciences, natural sciences, health sciences and medical sciences. Through this approach, researchers can gain a comprehensive view of health problems and develop more effective solutions.
Originality/Value: This article provides a better understanding of the important role of multidisciplinary approaches in public health research. Through this approach, researchers can examine health issues holistically and produce relevant and impactful findings for society.