bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling land–atmosphere daily exchanges of NO, NH3, and CO2 in a semi-arid grazed ecosystem in Senegal
Authors: Delon Claire , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Serça Dominique , Personne Erwan , Mougin Eric , Adon Marcellin , Le Dantec Valérie , Loubet Benjamin , Fensholt Rasmus , Tagesson Torbern
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Three different models (STEP–GENDEC–NOflux, Zhang2010, and Surfatm)
are used to simulate NO, CO2, and NH3 fluxes at the daily
scale for 2 years (2012–2013) in a semi-arid grazed ecosystem at Dahra
(15∘24′10′′ N, 15∘25′56′′ W, Senegal, Sahel). Model
results are evaluated against experimental results acquired during three
field campaigns. At the end of the dry season, when the first rains re-wet the
dry soils, the model STEP–GENDEC–NOflux simulates the sudden mineralization of
buried litter, leading to pulses in soil respiration and NO fluxes. The
contribution of wet season fluxes of NO and CO2 to the annual mean
is respectively 51 % and 57 %. NH3 fluxes are simulated by
two models: Surfatm and Zhang2010. During the wet season, air humidity and
soil moisture increase, leading to a transition between low soil
NH3 emissions (which dominate during the dry months) and large
NH3 deposition on vegetation during wet months. Results show a
great impact of the soil emission potential, a difference in the deposition
processes on the soil and the vegetation between the two models with however
a close agreement of the total fluxes. The order of magnitude of NO,
NH3, and CO2 fluxes is correctly represented by the
models, as well as the sharp transitions between seasons, specific to the
Sahel region. The role of soil moisture in flux magnitude is highlighted,
whereas the role of soil temperature is less obvious. The simultaneous
increase in NO and CO2 emissions and NH3 deposition at
the beginning of the wet season is attributed to the availability of mineral
nitrogen in the soil and also to microbial processes, which distribute the
roles between respiration (CO2 emissions), nitrification (NO
emissions), volatilization, and deposition (NH3
emission/deposition). The objectives of this study are to understand the
origin of carbon and nitrogen compounds exchanges between the soil and the
atmosphere and to quantify these exchanges on a longer timescale when only a
few measurements have been performed.
High-frequency measurements of dissolved organic carbon quantity and quality in a headwater catchment
Authors: Werner Benedikt J. , Musolff Andreas , Lechtenfeld Oliver J. , de Rooij Gerrit H. , Oosterwoud Marieke R. , Fleckenstein Jan H.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exports from headwater catchments impact the quality of downstream waters and pose challenges to water supply. The importance of riparian zones for DOC export from catchments in humid, temperate climates has generally been acknowledged, but the hydrological controls and biogeochemical factors that govern mobilization of DOC from riparian zones remain elusive. A one-year high-frequency (15 minutes) dataset from a headwater catchment in the Harz Mountains (Germany) was analyzed for dominant patterns in DOC concentration (CDOC) and optical DOC quality parameters SUVA254 and S275-295 (spectral slope between 275 nm and 295 nm) on event and seasonal scale. Quality parameters and CDOC systematically changed with increasing fractions of high-frequency quick flow (Qhf) and antecedent hydroclimatic conditions, defined by the following metrics: Aridity Index (AI60) of the preceding 60 days, mean temperature (T30) and discharge (Q30) of the preceding 30 days and the quotient T30/Q30 which we refer to as discharge-normalized temperature (DNT30). Selected statistical regression models for the complete time series (R² = 0.72, 0.64 and 0.65 for CDOC, SUVA254 and S275-295, resp.) captured DOC dynamics based on event (Qhf and baseflow) and seasonal-scale predictors (AI60, DNT30). The relative importance of seasonal-scale predictors allowed for the separation of three hydroclimatic states (warm & dry, cold & wet and intermediate). The specific DOC quality for each state indicates a shift in the activated source zones and highlights the importance of antecedent conditions and its impact on DOC accumulation and mobilization in the riparian zone. The warm & dry state results in high DOC concentrations during events and low concentrations between events and thus can be seen as mobilization limited, whereas the cold & wet state results in low concentration between and during events due to limited DOC accumulation in the riparian zone. We conclude that the high concentration variability of DOC in the stream can be explained by only a few controlling variables. These variables can be linked to DOC source activation by discharge events and the more seasonal control of DOC production in riparian soils.
ICGEM – 15 years of successful collection and distribution of global gravitational models, associated services, and future plans
Authors: Ince E. Sinem , Barthelmes Franz , Reißland Sven , Elger Kirsten , Förste Christoph , Flechtner Frank , Schuh Harald
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM,
http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/, last access: 6 May 2019) hosted at the
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) is one of the five services
coordinated by the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS) of the
International Association of Geodesy (IAG). The goal of the ICGEM service is
to provide the scientific community with a state-of-the-art archive of static
and temporal global gravity field models of the Earth, and develop and
operate interactive calculation and visualization services of gravity field
functionals on user-defined grids or at a list of particular points via its
website. ICGEM offers the largest collection of global gravity field models,
including those from the 1960s to the 1990s, as well as the most recent ones,
which have been developed using data from dedicated satellite gravity
missions, CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, advanced processing methodologies, and
additional data sources such as satellite altimetry and terrestrial gravity.
The global gravity field models have been collected from different
institutions at international level and after a validation process made
publicly available in a standardized format with DOI numbers assigned through
GFZ Data Services. The development and maintenance of such a unique platform
is crucial for the scientific community in geodesy, geophysics, oceanography,
and climate research. In this article, we present the development history and
future plans of ICGEM and its current products and essential services. We
present the ICGEM's data by means of Earth's static, temporal, and
topographic gravity field models as well as the gravity field models of other
celestial bodies together with examples produced by the ICGEM's calculation
and 3-D visualization services and give an insight into how the ICGEM service
can additionally contribute to the needs of research and society.
Can global precipitation datasets benefit the estimation of the area to be cropped in irrigated agriculture?
Authors: Kaune Alexander , Werner Micha , López López Patricia , Rodríguez Erasmo , Karimi Poolad , de Fraiture Charlotte
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The area to be cropped in irrigation districts needs to be
planned according to the available water resources to avoid agricultural
production loss. However, the period of record of local hydro-meteorological
data may be short, leading to an incomplete understanding of climate
variability and consequent uncertainty in estimating surface water
availability for irrigation area planning. In this study we assess the
benefit of using global precipitation datasets to improve surface water
availability estimates. A reference area that can be irrigated is established
using a complete record of 30 years of observed river discharge data. Areas
are then determined using simulated river discharges from six local
hydrological models forced with in situ and global precipitation datasets
(CHIRPS and MSWEP), each calibrated independently with a sample of 5 years
extracted from the full 30-year record. The utility of establishing the
irrigated area based on simulated river discharge simulations is compared
against the reference area through a pooled relative utility value (PRUV).
Results show that for all river discharge simulations the benefit of choosing
the irrigated area based on the 30 years of simulated data is higher compared
to using only 5 years of observed discharge data, as the statistical spread
of PRUV using 30 years is smaller. Hence, it is more beneficial to calibrate
a hydrological model using 5 years of observed river discharge and then to
extend it with global precipitation data of 30 years as this weighs up
against the model uncertainty of the model calibration.
Contribution of low-frequency climatic–oceanic oscillations to streamflow variability in small, coastal rivers of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia)
Authors: Restrepo Juan Camilo , Higgins Aldemar , Escobar Jaime , Ospino Silvio , Hoyos Natalia
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This study evaluated the influence of
low-frequency oscillations, that are linked to large-scale
oceanographic–atmospheric processes, on streamflow variability in small
tropical coastal mountain rivers of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,
Colombia. We used data from six rivers that had > 32 years of
complete, continuous monthly streamflow records. This investigation employed
spectral analyses to (1) explore temporal characteristics of streamflow
variability, (2) estimate the net contribution to the energy spectrum of
low-frequency oscillations to streamflow anomalies, and (3) analyze the
linkages between streamflow anomalies and large-scale, low-frequency
oceanographic–atmospheric processes. Wavelet analyses indicate that the
8–12-year component exhibited a quasi-stationary state, with a peak of
maximum power between 1985 and 2005. These oscillations were nearly in phase
in all rivers. Maximum power peaks occurred for the Palomino and Rancheria
rivers in 1985 and 1995, respectively. The wavelet spectrum highlights a
change in river variability patterns between 1995 and 2015, characterized by
a shift towards the low-frequency oscillations' domain (8–12 years). The net
contribution of these oscillations to the energy spectrum was as high as
51 %, a value much larger than previously thought for rivers in
northwestern South America. The simultaneous occurrence of hydrologic
oscillations, as well as the increase in the amplitude of the 8–12-year
band, defined periods of extremely anomalous wet seasons during 1989–1990,
1998–2002 and 2010–2011, reflecting the role of low-frequency oscillations
in modulating streamflow variability in these rivers. Cross-wavelet transform
and wavelet coherence revealed high common powers and significant coherences
in low-frequency bands (>96 months) between streamflow anomalies and
Atlantic Meridional Oscillation (AMO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and
the Tropical North Atlantic Index (TNA). These results show the role of
large-scale, low-frequency oceanographic–climate processes in modulating the
long-term hydrological variability of these rivers.
Long-term evolution of Caspian Sea thermohaline properties reconstructed in an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model
Authors: Dyakonov Gleb S. , Ibrayev Rashit A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Decadal variability in Caspian Sea thermohaline properties is
investigated using a high-resolution ocean general circulation model
including sea ice thermodynamics and air–sea interaction forced by prescribed
realistic atmospheric conditions and riverine runoff. The model describes
synoptic, seasonal and climatic variations of sea thermohaline structure,
water balance, and sea level. A reconstruction experiment was conducted for
the period of 1961–2001, covering a major regime shift in the global climate
during 1976–1978, which allowed for an investigation of the Caspian Sea response to
such significant episodes of climate variability. The model reproduced sea
level evolution reasonably well despite the fact that many factors (such as possible
seabed changes and insufficiently explored underground water
infiltration) were not taken into account in the numerical reconstruction.
This supports the hypothesis relating rapid Caspian Sea level rise in
1978–1995 with global climate change, which caused variation in local
atmospheric conditions and riverine discharge reflected in the external
forcing data used, as is shown in the paper. Other effects of the climatic shift
are investigated, including a decrease in salinity in the active layer,
strengthening of its stratification and corresponding diminishing of
convection. It is also demonstrated that water exchange between the three
Caspian basins (northern, middle and southern) plays a crucial role in the
formation of their thermohaline regime. The reconstructed long-term trends in
seawater salinity (general downtrend after 1978), temperature (overall
increase) and density (general downtrend) are studied, including an
assessment of the influence of main surface circulation patterns and model
error accumulation.
initMIP-Antarctica: an ice sheet model initialization experiment of ISMIP6
Authors: Seroussi Hélène , Nowicki Sophie , Simon Erika , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Albrecht Torsten , Brondex Julien , Cornford Stephen , Dumas Christophe , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Goelzer Heiko , Golledge Nicholas R. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Greve Ralf , Hoffman Matthew J. , Humbert Angelika , Huybrechts Philippe , Kleiner Thomas , Larour Eric , Leguy Gunter , Lipscomb William H. , Lowry Daniel , Mengel Matthias , Morlighem Mathieu , Pattyn Frank , Payne Anthony J. , Pollard David , Price Stephen F. , Quiquet Aurélien , Reerink Thomas J. , Reese Ronja , Rodehacke Christian B. , Schlegel Nicole-Jeanne , Shepherd Andrew , Sun Sainan , Sutter Johannes , Van Breedam Jonas , van de Wal Roderik S. W. , Winkelmann Ricarda , Zhang Tong
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Ice sheet numerical modeling is an important tool to estimate the dynamic
contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level rise over the coming
centuries. The influence of initial conditions on ice sheet model
simulations, however, is still unclear. To better understand this influence,
an initial state intercomparison exercise (initMIP) has been developed to
compare, evaluate, and improve initialization procedures and estimate their
impact on century-scale simulations. initMIP is the first set of experiments
of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6), which is
the primary Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) activity
focusing on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Following
initMIP-Greenland, initMIP-Antarctica has been designed to explore
uncertainties associated with model initialization and spin-up and to
evaluate the impact of changes in external forcings. Starting from the state
of the Antarctic ice sheet at the end of the initialization procedure, three
forward experiments are each run for 100 years: a control run, a run with a
surface mass balance anomaly, and a run with a basal melting anomaly beneath
floating ice. This study presents the results of initMIP-Antarctica from 25
simulations performed by 16 international modeling groups. The submitted
results use different initial conditions and initialization methods, as well
as ice flow model parameters and reference external forcings. We find a good
agreement among model responses to the surface mass balance anomaly but
large variations in responses to the basal melting anomaly. These variations
can be attributed to differences in the extent of ice shelves and their
upstream tributaries, the numerical treatment of grounding line, and the initial ocean conditions applied, suggesting that ongoing efforts to
better represent ice shelves in continental-scale models should continue.
On the self-similarity of wind turbine wakes in complex terrain using large-eddy simulation
Authors: Dar Arslan Salim , Berg Jacob , Troldborg Niels , Patton Edward G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We perform large-eddy simulation of flow in complex terrain under neutral atmospheric stratification. We study the self-similar behavior of a turbine wake as a function of varying terrain complexity and perform comparison with a flat terrain. By plotting normalized velocity deficit profiles in different complex terrain cases, we verify that self-similarity is preserved as we move downstream from the turbine. We find that this preservation is valid for a shorter distance downstream compared to what is observed in flat terrain. A larger spread of the profiles toward the tails due to varying levels of shear is also observed.
Wind turbine load dynamics in the context of turbulence intermittency
Authors: Schwarz Carl Michael , Ehrich Sebastian , Peinke Joachim
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The importance of a high order statistical feature of wind, which is neglected in common wind models, is investigated: Non-Gaussian distributed wind velocity increments related to the intermittency of turbulence and their impact on wind turbines dynamics and fatigue loads are in the focus. Two types of synthetic wind fields obtained from a Continuous-Time-Random Walk model are compared and fed to a common Blade-Element/Momentum theory based aero-servo-elastic wind turbine model. It is discussed why and how the effect of the non-Gaussian increment statistics has to be isolated. This is achieved by assuring that both types feature equivalent probability density functions, spectral properties and coherence, which makes them indistinguishable based on wind characterizations of common design guidelines. Due to limitations in the wind field genesis idealized spatial correlations are considered. Three examples with idealized, differently sized wind structures are presented. A comparison between the resulting wind turbine loads is made. For the largest wind structure sizes differences in the fatigue loads between intermittent and Gaussian are observed. These are potentially relevant in a wind turbine certification context. Subsequently, the dependency of this intermittency effect on the field's spatial variation is discussed. Towards very small structured fields the effect vanishes.
Effect of Social Media Spiritual and Emotional Abuse Messages on Comprehension and Behavioural Practices of Married Couples in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Adekoya Helen Odunola , Adebayo Oluwaferanmi Moyosore , Ajilore Kolade
Published: May 2019

Evidence from media reports affirmed a progressive increase in incidences of domestic violence globally and in Nigeria. Spiritual and emotional abuse which may have negative consequences on the emotional and psychological wellbeing of the victims are existing forms of domestic violence that are taken with levity based on the entrenched religious and patriarchal systems that are perceived as customary in the Nigerian society. The major objective of this study was to to determine the effect of social media spiritual and emotional abuse messages on comprehension and behavioral practices of married couples in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed the true-experimental design for randomization of participants into the experimental and control groups. Study population was non-finite and participants were selected using the proportionate, convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Out of the selected 180 couples, 176 met the inclusion criteria set for the research. Using the Self-structured questionnaire, the results showed a significant difference in married couples’ knowledge, comprehension and behavioural practices of spiritual and emotional abuse, before and after the social media intervention. The study concluded that lack of knowledge and comprehension regarding spiritual and emotional abuse is based on dearth of information. This is an indication of intervention effectiveness. Increased inspiring campaigns and programs on social media that will involve married people and the general public in generating contents on spiritual and emotional abuse was recommended. This would induce intentional sourcing for domestic violence information on social media.
Wady projektowe
Authors: Sułkowski Tomasz
Published: May 2019

Skutkiem ujawnienia się wad projektowych w procesie budowlanym, oprócz nieterminowego wykonania inwestycji, potencjalnej konieczności wykonania prac dodatkowych i uiszczenia dodatkowego wynagrodzenia wykonawcy, może być również dochodzenie roszczeń ze strony wykonawcy o odszkodowanie za szkody, jakie poniósł na skutek ujawnienia się wad projektowych i konsekwencji z tym związanych.
Fronteiras semânticas: o dialogismo das linguagens rituais pentecostais e umbandistas – uma análise das expressões gestuais
Authors: Albuquerque Júnior Valdevino De
Published: May 2019

O espaço ritual constitui-se num locus sagrado de festa. No palco religioso, o sentimento de reconhecer-se cheio do Espírito Santo ou incorporado pelas Entidades reescreve, no próprio corpo do sujeito, a autenticidade de sua tradição mitológica. Simultaneamente, a experiência religiosa reatualiza o poder dessa tradição. E são várias as formas em que a narrativa mítica emerge, vindo à tona e tornando-se tangível à percepção e à emoção. E, neste sentido, a cultura desempenha um papel fundamental: ela é o elo a promover o encontro entre as verdades da crença e as experiências religiosas. Michel Meslin assinala que a religião só alcança o homem através das mediações culturais de seu tempo. Entre essas também variadas “mediações culturais” está a música, com seus gêneros, ritmos e uma força simbólica capaz de funcionar como chave, abrindo as portas das sensibilidades. Para além dos cânticos – mas a eles conexos –, a experiência do transe ritual é um dispositivo de mediação cultural ainda mais poderoso: um dínamo de emoções liturgicamente sacralizadas. Este sentimento religioso de alegria tem suas bases na estrutura do sistema de crenças, e, assim, até a cantiga que coadjuva e complementa os ritos, consubstancia seu status sagrado. Musicalizando o Sagrado, essa arte expressiva de fé e também de cultura potencializa ainda mais o sentimento social de pertença à comunidade religiosa do indivíduo, que também vê alimentada sua esperança de vida. Este trabalho se envereda na trilha da experiência religiosa, em seus percalços sinuosos. Nesse caminho, a intenção é compreender um pouco o funcionamento das engrenagens simbólicas que conferem sentido às manifestações performáticas vividas por pentecostais e umbandistas, em dois grupos religiosos específicos. E, ao analisar a relação entre a dinâmica ritual desses cultos e a produção de sentidos operada nas linguagens gestuais dos sujeitos da crença, refletimos sobre os diálogos semânticos rituais que, construindo experiências de espiritualidade, reconstroem também experiências de vida. É quando a divergência das cosmovisões sucumbe à convergência dos significados religiosos.
Automatic Subject Indexing of Text
Authors: Golub Koraljka
Published: May 2019

Automatic subject indexing addresses problems of scale and sustainability and can be at the same time used to enrich existing metadata records, establish more connections across and between resources from various metadata and resource collections, and enhance consistency of the metadata. In this work, automatic subject indexing focuses on assigning index terms or classes from established knowledge organization systems (KOSs) for subject indexing like thesauri, subject headings systems and classification systems. The following major approaches are discussed, in terms of their similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages for automatic assigned indexing from KOSs: “text categorization,” “document clustering,” and “document classification.” Text categorization is perhaps the most widespread, machine-learning approach with what seems generally good reported performance. Document clustering automatically both creates groups of related documents and extracts names of subjects depicting the group at hand. Document classification re-uses the intellectual effort invested into creating a KOS for subject indexing and even simple string-matching algorithms have been reported to achieve good results, because one concept can be described using a number of different terms, including equivalent, related, narrower and broader terms. Finally, applicability of automatic subject indexing to operative information systems and challenges of evaluation are outlined, suggesting the need for more research.
Information Organization Patterns from Online Users in a Social Network
Authors: Zhang Chengzhi , Zhao Hua , Chi Xuehua , Ma Shuitian
Published: May 2019

Recent years have seen the rise of user-generated contents (UGCs) in online social media. Diverse UGC sources and information overload are making it increasingly difficult to satisfy personalized information needs. To organize UGCs in a user-centered way, we should not only map them based on textual topics but also link them with users and even user communities. We propose a multi-dimensional framework to organize information by connecting UGCs, users, and user communities. First, we use a topic model to generate a topic hierarchy from UGCs. Second, an author-topic model is applied to learn user interests. Third, user communities are detected through a label propagation algorithm. Finally, a multi-dimensional information organization pattern is formulated based on similarities among the topic hierarchies of UGCs, user interests, and user communities. The results reveal that: 1) our proposed framework can organize information from multiple sources in a user-centered way; 2) hierarchical topic structures can provide comprehensive and in-depth topics for users; and, 3) user communities are efficient in helping people to connect with others who have similar interests.
Wittgenstein og den pragmatiske vending
Authors: Schanz Hans-Jørgen
Published: May 2019

Udtrykket "pragmatisk vending" anvendes her som etikette for et skift, der finder sted over en bred front i store dele af filosofien i sidste halvdel af det 20. århundrede. Så forskellige tænkere som f.eks. Habermas, Cavell, Taylor, Rorty, Lyotard, Wellmer og Apel tager del i det.
Etikken som første filosofi
Authors: Lévinas Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

1. Forbindelsen mellem erkendelsen, forstået som interesseløs beskuelse, og væren er ifølge vores filosofiske tradition selve det forståeliges sted, selve fore­komsten af mening.
En skåltale for det tyske demokrati?
Authors: Peters Rikke Louise
Published: May 2019

En skåltale for det tyske demokrati?
Det moderne diskurs
Authors: Schanz Hans-Jørgen , Thomsen Hans Jørgen
Published: May 2019

I 1981 udkom Jurgen Habermas' frygtindgydende tobindsværk på i alt ca. 1200 sider: "Theorie des kommunikati ven Handelns".
Mit hemmelige liv - En victoriansk sexodyssé
Authors: Søndergaard Nina
Published: May 2019

The bulky and anonymous sexual autobiography My Secret Life from Victorian England is here read very closely in order to shed new light on Victorian sexual practices and views on sexuality. Some of the examples dealt with are nudity during intercourse, female orgasm and fulfilment through intercourse as preferable over masturbation – all examples of practices which force us to question the traditional views on Victorian sexual life. This reassessment of sexuality in Victorian times is not widely shared. Scholars have dealt with the work as pornography (Gubar), pure fiction (Gibson) or a credible depiction of contemporary daily life containing pornographic elements, namely the descriptions of the women’s pleasure (Marcus). In the article it is argued that the author’s intention was to give female sexuality a voice.
Redaktionelt forord - Krig
Authors: Jessen Mathias Hein , Jensen Martin Skovbjerg , Munch-Hansen Ditte Marie
Published: May 2019

Danmark er et krigsførende land. Det er dog forholdsvist let at overse. Her er hverken rationeringsmærker, mørklægningsgardiner eller grandiøse støtteerklæringer til rigets forsvar. Alligevel bliver det i disse år langsomt tydeligere, at krigens virkelighed presser sig på. Fra dokumentarfilmen Armadillo over diskussioner om veteranpolitik, tortur og ikke mindst med Danmarks militære indsatser i verdens brændpunkter, bliver krigen med små skridt præsent. SLAGMARK har derfor sat sig for at undersøge krigen. I tre skridt gør dette nummers artikler os klogere på problemstillingen. Først trænes vores blik i at spore krigen i vores dagligdag. Dette sker gennem et opmærksomt essayistisk blik på krigen i den danske hverdag og en antropologisk analyse af vores nyligt indførte hjemkomstparader. Derefter undersøger vi idéhistorisk, hvordan en ung Hugo Grotius argumenterede for, at et handelskompagni kunne føre retfærdig krig og dermed skrev det private firma ind som en legitim aktør, der også kunne føre krig. Og i samme tråd viser den historiske sociologi os, med hjælp fra Niklas Luhmann og Carl von Clausewitz, at det ikke burde overraske nogen, at krigsførende lande ofte ender med slunkne statskasser, som f.eks. USA aktuelt lider under. Til sidst kigger vi nærmere på samtidens krige. Martin Heidegger bruges til at reflektere over dronepiloterne, som fra Nevada udfører angreb i Afghanistans bjerge, ligesom vi også bliver klogere på en af vores erklærede fjenders udvikling og påståede død, nemlig organisationen al-Qaida. Sidst, men ikke mindst, underkastes forsvaret af tortur med henvisning til den tikkende bombe en skarp analyse og kritik.
Foucault - maoismen, genealogien
Authors: Karlsen Mads Peter , Villadsen Kaspar
Published: May 2019

Foucault’s inspiration from Nietzsche in terms of his approach to the writing of history is difficult to overestimate. However, this article will advance an interpretation of Foucault’s approach to history which focuses on another, and less readily evident, dialogue partner in his authorship, namely the Marxist tradition and, more precisely, French Maoism. In the first part it is argued that Foucault’s practical experience from his involvement in the Maoist inspired activist group, Groupe d’information sur les prisons (GIP), left crucial marks on his contemporaneous statements on the genealogical method and his elaboration of the power-knowledge nexus. In the second part of the article it is demonstrated how the activism of GIP is reflected in his lectures at Collège de France in 1976. The aim of the article is threefold. Firstly, to bring attention to other (largely neglected) sources of inspiration for Foucault’s genealogical approach than Nietzsche. Secondly, to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of Foucault’s relationship to Marxism, which is frequently portrayed rather one-sidedly as unambiguously negative. And thirdly, to demonstrate concretely how principles originating from Maoist political activism reappear, not only in Foucault’s practical commitment to GIP, but also in his theoretical considerationsof genealogy.
Volume 2 Numéro 2
Authors: Lavoie Vincent
Published: May 2019

Avec la parution de ce quatrième numéro, Captures atteint sa pleine maturité au titre de revue de recherche. Plus de 36 contributions savantes publiées à ce jour, présentant les plus récents travaux de chercheuses et de chercheurs du Québec, du Canada, des États-Unis, de la France, de la Belgique, de l’Angleterre et de la Norvège, en témoignent avec éloquence. Le formidable accueil que reçoit Captures depuis sa création est attribuable à plusieurs facteurs…
M. Caravan ou l’homme-pendule
Authors: Bordeleau-Pitre Émile
Published: May 2019

À partir de l'anthropologie comparée de la ligne de Tim Ingold, cet article aborde la nouvelle « En famille » de Guy de Maupassant. Réelles ou imaginaires, les lignes y forment une structure horizontale et verticale où se confrontent des valeurs radicalement opposées. Pour réussir dans le monde bureaucratisé de la nouvelle, il faut connaître et maîtriser les codes que dicte la ligne droite, ce que n’arrivera jamais à faire M. Caravan, personnage principal de la nouvelle.
Dieu a planté son compas dans la Seine
Authors: Roldan Sébastien
Published: May 2019

Que voit-on en 1831, la nuit, du haut d’une tour s’élevant au beau milieu de Paris? La réponse qu’offre Alfred de Vigny est fascinante : arêtes, angles, cimes, aiguilles, feux, éclairs, zébrures, mais aussi ombres, masses informes, gouffres… Délinéaments fins et vastes ensembles courbes s’affrontent et s’unissent pour transfigurer la ville en titanesque compas chargé d’orienter la marche de plus en plus rapide d’un monde en perte de repères. C’est à les démêler que s’applique cet article.
De la ligne d’écriture au passage à l’acte
Authors: Cnockaert Véronique
Published: May 2019

Les lignes que dessine l’architecte et qui organisent notre monde imposent d’emblée un environnement qui ne sera pas sans résonance et sans conséquence sur la manière d’être et de vivre. Seul art dont on ne peut faire véritablement l’économie, l’architecture impose des exigences, non seulement matérielles, mais aussi esthétiques, politiques et éthiques, qui sont souvent redoutables. C’est de celles-ci et des enjeux qui leur sont liés, que parle Rudy Ricciotti, architecte du MuCEM.
Kafka et le «kafkaïsme»
Authors: Boillat Alain
Published: May 2019

Cette étude examine la manière dont le film Kafka de Soderbergh (1991) procède à une « projection » du romancier tchèque dans le monde même de son œuvre. Cette étude ne s'appuie pas sur le repérage systématique des diverses citations convoquées, mais interroge plus fondamentalement la démarche post-moderne qui sous-tend une telle pratique du pastiche. Celle-ci est en l'occurence nourrie de références au genre du film noir et à l’expressionnisme allemand.
Le temps presse
Authors: Maris Virginie
Published: May 2019

L’exposition Le temps presse< présentée au Centre canadien d’architecture lors du 150e anniversaire du Canada propose une « contre-histoire environnementale du Canada ». J’expose ce récit et la façon dont il contribue à une critique nécessaire de la modernité. L’exposition participe davantage de l’autocritique d’un discours dominant centré sur lui-même qu’à une critique fondamentale du caractère colonialiste, patriarcal et anthropocentriste de la société contemporaine.
Quand l’aliment nourrit l’imaginaire
Authors: Lambert-Perreault Marie-Christine , Sicotte Geneviève
Published: May 2019

Dans l’imaginaire social contemporain, l’aliment, la cuisine et la gastronomie sont omniprésents. Or, il faut le noter, ces représentations prennent souvent la forme de récits. Certains de ceux-ci sont familiers et convenus, instrumentalisés par des normes sociales réductrices et idéologisées, ou encore par les codes d’un storytelling ramené à son efficacité marchande. Mais d’autres revendiquent une dose de liberté, usant des formes esthétiques pour raconter autrement l’aliment. Ce sont ces enjeux qu’explore ce dossier.
Статус СПЦ у РС БиХ после доношења Устава из 1974. године
Authors: Шољевић Саша
Published: May 2019

Устав и закони СФРЈ одредили су да је исповедање вере приватна, а не јавна ствар, чиме су верници стављени у дискриминисан положај. Иако су црква и држава биле формално одвојене, а цркве и верске заједнице имале право да самостално утврђују и уређују своју организацију држава није чувала неутралност у верским питањима, него је контролисала њихов рад и мешала се у њихове послове. Друштвена маргинализација СПЦ и притисци власти били су израженији од притисака према другим верским заједницама. То је било много приметније после доношења савезног Устава 1974. године, којим су уведени елементи конфедералног уређења. Изграђивањем републичке државности у СР БиХ репресија према СПЦ је појачана, што се огледало у хапшењу свештеника, забранама прикупљања прилога у црквене сврхе и наставку отуђивања црквене имовине. СР БиХ била је бастион догматизма и цензуре све до краја осамдесетих година.
ДВИЈЕ КЊИГЕ О СПОЉНОЈ ПОЛИТИЦИ СРБИЈЕ ОД 1860. ДО 1878. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: СУБИЋ РАДОВАН
Published: May 2019

Данко Леовац je доцент на Одељењу за историју Филозофског факулте-та у Београду. На истом факултету је 2014. докторирао тезом Србија и Русија за време друге владавине кнеза Михаила (1860–1868). Докторску дисертацију је написао на основу грађе из српских и руских архива (између осталих, Архи-ва Србије, Архива Српске академије наука и уметности, Архива спољних послова руске империје) и великом броју објављених извора. Монографију под истим називом објавио је годину дана касније.
Upravljanje održivim razvojem turizma na nivou lokalnih zajednica
Authors: Vujić Tatjana , Petrović Danica
Published: May 2019

Turizam se poslednjih decenija pokazao kao svjetska privredna granakoja zauzima vodeće mjesto u odnosu na ostale grane privrede. Zamnoge zemlje i regije, turizam predstavlja osnovni instrument zapostizanje željenog nivoa regionalnog razvoja, prvenstveno zbogmogućnosti da stimuliše nove ekonomske aktivnosti. Istovremeno,omogućava ubrzanje lokalnog razvoja i porast zaposlenosti unerazvijenim područjima i turistički atraktivnim destinacijama.Turizam kao najveća svjetska privredna grana u pogledu efekata uekonomskom i društvenom razvoju, kao i brojnosti učesnika, upravozahtijeva planiranje, razvoj i upravljanje na održiv način, kako ne biuništio prirodnu sredinu i društvo od kojih zavisi. Intenzivan razvojturizma koji nije zasnovan na konceptu održivog razvoja uništava samsebe, jer postaje manje atraktivan za turiste, ali i opasnost za domicilnostanovništvo na određenim destinacijama. Istovremeno, naglasak je našto većem uključivanju lokalnih zajednica koje moraju shvatiti da uturizmu ekonomsku korist donosi ekološka odgovornost. Stoga jeneophodno donošenje strategije lokalnog razvoja, prije svega unedovoljno razvijenim destinacijama.U radu se razmatra uloga i značaj upravljanja održivim razvojem uoblasti turizma, kao šansa za destinacije lokalnog nivoa koje imajukomparativne prednosti i priliku da se izdvoje kao perspektivnaturistička destinacija.
Rekonstrukcija identiteta i nepouzdani pripovedač u Išigurovom romanu Kad smo bili siročad
Authors: Abula Jelena , Mirković Đukica , Dabić Tijana
Published: May 2019

Ovaj rad se bavi ispitivanjem konceptarekonstrukcije identiteta i uloge nepouzdanog pripovedača uIšigurovom romanu Kad smo bili siročad. Kazuo Išiguro, jedan odnajznačanijih engleskih romanopisaca današnjice, je objavio ovajroman 2000. godine i u njemu otkrio svet metaforičkog i stvarnogznačenja sirotanstva. Uspešni londonski detektiv i protagonistaromana, Kristofer Benks, je odlučio da krene na putovanje kojeće mu pomoći da razreši mučna sećanja na prošlost i darekonstruiše svoj identitet. Kroz sećanje protagoniste, Išiguro jeukazao na nostalgiju i sećanje kao snažne sile koja deluju načoveka kada pojam doma nije definisan. Roman Kad smo bilisiročad je uspeo da opovrgne ideje o postojanom i fiksnomidentitetu ukazujući na činjenicu da metropola jača nove,nasleđene identitete. Ovi identiteti pokazuju da sećanje može bitinepouzdano, što je takođe dokazao i Išigurov nepouzdanipripovedač.
Transplantation of adipose derived stem cells overexpressing inducible nitric oxide synthase ameliorates diabetes mellitus induced erectile dysfunction in rats
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Jun , Zhuan Li , Zang Guanghui , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong
Published: May 2019

Background: Erectile dysfunction is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) has attracted much attention as a promising tool for the treatment of diabetes mellitus induced erectile dysfunction (DMED). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in protecting penile tissues from fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of ADSCs overexpressing iNOS on DMED in rats.

Methods: ADSCs were isolated and infected with adenovirus overexpressing iNOS (named as ADSCs-iNOS). The expression of iNOS was detected using western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control group, DMED group, ADSCs group, ADSCs-EGFP group and ADSCs-iNOS group. 5×105 cells were given once via the intracorporal route. Two weeks after treatment, erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Penile tissues were obtained and evaluated at histology level.

Results: We found that ADSCs-iNOS had significantly higher expression of iNOS at mRNA and protein levels and generated more nitric oxide. ADSCs-iNOS reduced collagen I and collagen IV expression of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in cell co-culture model. Transforming growth factor-β1 expression and p-Smad2/3 to Smad2/3 ratio in CCSMCs reduced following co-culture with ADSCs-iNOS. Injection of ADSCs-iNOS significantly ameliorated DMED in rats and decreased collagen/smooth muscle cell ratio of penile tissues. Moreover, elevated nitric oxide and cGMP concentrations were detected in penile tissues of ADSCs-iNOS group.

Conclusion: Taken together, ADSCs-iNOS significantly improve erectile function of DMED rats. The therapeutic effect may be achieved by increased nitric oxide generation and the suppression of collagen I and collagen IV expression in the CCSMCs to decrease penile fibrosis.
Quando il Cannaregio si fece dolce
Authors: Luzzini Francesco
Published: May 2019

Alla storia, che è maleducata, piace beffarsi delle nostre certezze. È questa sua irritante abitudine a rendercela così utile, mettendoci in guardia da letture semplicistiche e costringendoci a contestualizzare (e, dunque, a comprendere) passato e presente. Ma è anche ciò che la rende così odiosa ai dogmatici d’ogni credo ideologico, religioso, scientifico, che – se pure la tirano spesso per la gonnella – non tollerano che la storia si mostri nella sua complessità [...].
Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Makanan Berisiko dengan Obesitas Sentral Pada Wanita Usia 25-65 Tahun di Bogor Tahun 2011-2012
Authors: Azkia Fara Irdini , Miko Wahyono Tri Yunis
Published: May 2019

Perubahan pola makan diketahui merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan obesitas dan penyakit kronis lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi makanan berisiko dengan obesitas sentral pada wanita usia 25-65 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data baseline Studi Kohort PTM tahun 2011-2012 di Bogor, dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 2531 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 54% responden mengalami obesitas sentral dengan rata-rata lingkar perut sebesar 80,9 + 11,6 cm. Tidak terdapat perbedaan risiko antara responden yang sering dan jarang mengonsumsi makanan berisiko untuk menjadi obesitas sentral setelah dikontrol variabel usia dan status pernikahan (PR 1,038 : 95% CI 0,933 - 1,154 : p=0,498). Upaya pencegahan obesitas sentral pada wanita dapat dilakukan dengan rutin mengontrol berat badan ideal sebelum usia 40 tahun dan mulai memperbaiki pola makan terutama bagi wanita yang sudah menikah.
Evaluasi MetodeGeneXpert MTB/RIF dengan SampelRaw Sputum untuk Mendeteksi Tuberkulosis Paru
Authors: Susilawati Tri Nugraha , Saptawati Leli , Damayanti Kusmadewi Eka , Larasati Riska
Published: May 2019

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia dan dunia. Tantangan utama dalam mendiagnosis TB secara konvensional yaitu rendahnya sensitivitas deteksi pada pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan lamanya waktu yang diperlukan untuk kultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi metode GeneXpert MTB/RIF untuk mendeteksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis dengan sampel dahak langsung di RSUD Dr. Moewardi (RSDM), Surakarta. Analisis observasional dengan pendekatan kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder hasil pemeriksaan GeneXpert MTB/RIF pada sampel dahak langsung di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSDM pada tahun 2012-2015. Sampel didapatkan dari pasien yang memenuhi kriteria suspek multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) dan sampel tersebut telah dikultur di Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan (BLK), Jawa Tengah. Data dianalisis dengan OpenEpi versi 3, Epi Info 7, dan MedCalc. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan negatif (NDP dan NDN) serta akurasi metode GeneXpert MTB/RIF sebesar 93,62%, 27,17%, 68,89%, 71,21%, dan 69,21%. Prevalensi TB paru pada sampel yang diperiksa sebesar 63,27%. Rendahnya spesifisitas GeneXpert MTB/RIF mengindikasikan perlunya kultur sebagai baku emas. Namun demikian, perlu standarisasi pemrosesan sampel dahak dalam segi teknik dan waktu pengambilan sampel disertai data klinis yang memadai untuk melihat riwayat terapi yang telah diberikan pada pasien.
Faktor Lingkungan Rumah dan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Palopo 2016
Authors: Marwanty Marwanty , Miko Wahyono Tri Yunis
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang. Kota Palopo merupakan salah satu daerah endemis demam berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Lingkungan rumah memiliki peran penting dalam penularan penyakit demam berdarah Dengue sebagai media interaksi antara nyamuk Aedes Aegypti dan manusia.  Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian demam berdarah Dengue. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol. Total sampel penelitian sebanyak 236 sampel dengan perbandingan  kasus dan kontrol 1:1. Analisis data mencakup analisis bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara faktor lingkungan rumah dengan pendidikan rendah meningkatkan risiko kejadian demam berdarah Dengue (OR=2,87 95% CI 1,218 – 6,791) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel konfounder umur. Proporsi kejadian demam berdarah yang dapat diakibatkan oleh adanya interaksi antara pendidikan dan faktor lingkungan sebesar 5,4%. Rekomendasi. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palopo diharapkan agar dapat lebih memprioritaskan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit DBD terutama pada daerah endemis DBD, daerah yang dominan dengan masyarakat yang berpendidikan rendah serta daerah yang penduduk usia mudanya lebih tinggi dan rentan untuk terkena penyakit DBD.
PI3K-Yap activity drives cortical gyrification and hydrocephalus in mice
Authors: Roy Achira , Murphy Rory M , Deng Mei , MacDonald James W , Bammler Theo K , Aldinger Kimberly A , Glass Ian A , Millen Kathleen J
Published: May 2019

Mechanisms driving the initiation of brain folding are incompletely understood. We have previously characterized mouse models recapitulating human PIK3CA-related brain overgrowth, epilepsy, dysplastic gyrification and hydrocephalus (Roy et al., 2015). Using the same, highly regulatable brain-specific model, here we report PI3K-dependent mechanisms underlying gyrification of the normally smooth mouse cortex, and hydrocephalus. We demonstrate that a brief embryonic Pik3ca activation was sufficient to drive subtle changes in apical cell adhesion and subcellular Yap translocation, causing focal proliferation and subsequent initiation of the stereotypic ‘gyrification sequence’, seen in naturally gyrencephalic mammals. Treatment with verteporfin, a nuclear Yap inhibitor, restored apical surface integrity, normalized proliferation, attenuated gyrification and rescued the associated hydrocephalus, highlighting the interrelated role of regulated PI3K-Yap signaling in normal neural-ependymal development. Our data defines apical cell-adhesion as the earliest known substrate for cortical gyrification. In addition, our preclinical results support the testing of Yap-related small-molecule therapeutics for developmental hydrocephalus.