bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of faith-based attributes on hotel prices: the case of halal services
Authors: Papastathopoulos Avraam , Koritos Christos , Mertzanis Charilaos
Published: July 2021

Purpose

For more than 40 years, researchers have examined an exhaustive set of attributes as price determinants in tourism and hospitality. In extending this rich research stream, this study aims to propose and empirically assess a new set of hotel attributes, namely, faith-based attributes that allow tourists to continue following the activities and rituals guided by their religions while on vacation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the Bayesian quantile regression for the first time in the field of hotel pricing, the hedonic pricing models examine both internal and external faith-based attributes, namely, halal services, which cater to the needs of Muslim tourists, in a sample of 805 hotels across the top three non-Muslim country destinations (Singapore, Thailand and Japan).

Findings

By exploring the effects of faith-based (halal) attributes available in hotels located in the biggest cities of the above-mentioned destinations, this study provides evidence for the significant role of faith-based (halal) attributes in determining hospitality prices.

Practical implications

This study’s findings offer a resource for several implications for tourism and hospitality scholars, practitioners and policymakers, especially within the field of Muslim/halal tourism, to develop action plans and strategies.

Originality/value

This study is the first to introduce a novel set of faith-based hospitality attributes and empirically assess their impact on hospitality price formation. Additionally, it contributes to the hedonic pricing method by being the first to use the Bayesian quantile regression.
Customer emotion research in hospitality and tourism: conceptualization, measurements, antecedents and consequences
Authors: Tuerlan Tuerxunbieke , Li Shanshi , Scott Noel
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To clarify inconsistencies in the emotion elicitation process and to suggest avenues for advancing emotion research, this study aims to conduct a systematic review of emotion research in the subject area of hospitality and tourism management.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzes 178 emotion-related articles published in 37 journals from 2004–2019 in the context of hospitality and tourism, providing a systematic synthesis of publication outlets and trajectories, research settings, the conceptualization of emotion, emotion measurement, classifications of antecedents and consequences.

Findings

Regarding the elicitation of emotions, many studies ignore the developments in emotion research in the mainstream discipline and still consider external stimuli as the direct causes of emotion. Numerous studies conceptualize customer emotion as positive or negative, which overlooks the nuances between discrete emotions with the same valence. Additionally, emotion scales are largely borrowed from psychology without considering the specific characteristics of the hospitality and tourism context. Methodologically, most studies take a single-measure lens with either a self-report, physiological or expression behavior measure.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis of the literature highlights three main areas for future emotion studies in the hospitality and tourism context.

Originality/value

Previous reviews are narrative and only address specific areas of interest, rendering them incapable of explaining how a systematic literature identification process was conducted. The present systematic review is among the first to provide an overview of emotion studies in hospitality and tourism over a 15-year period. By drawing insights from appraisal theories of emotions, this review addresses common misunderstandings concerning the emotion elicitation process in the current hospitality and tourism literature.
Going beyond parametric regression in public management research
Authors: Jones Peter A. , Reitano Vincent , Butler J.S. , Greer Robert
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Public management researchers commonly model dichotomous dependent variables with parametric methods despite their relatively strong assumptions about the data generating process. Without testing for those assumptions and consideration of semiparametric alternatives, such as maximum score, estimates might be biased, or predictions might not be as accurate as possible.

Design/methodology/approach

To guide researchers, this paper provides an evaluative framework for comparing parametric estimators with semiparametric and nonparametric estimators for dichotomous dependent variables. To illustrate the framework, the article estimates the factors associated with the passage of school district bond referenda in all Texas school districts from 1998 to 2015.

Findings

Estimates show that the correct prediction of a bond passing increases from 77.2 to 78%, with maximum score estimation relative to a commonly used parametric alternative. While this is a small increase, it is meaningful in comparison to the random prediction base model.

Originality/value

Future research modeling any dichotomous dependent variable can use the framework to identify the most appropriate estimator and relevant statistical programs.
Digital project management: rapid changes define new working environments
Authors: Wu Te
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, project management was undergoing gradual shift and moving from traditional ways of working toward embracing digitization. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this transformation. This paper highlights the importance of digital project management (DPM), its adoption of digital technologies, the changing role of digital project manager, significant and abrupt swing in the rise of virtual teams and the benefits and challenges of remote project teams. This paper aims to discuss the latest development in project management and to lay out the rationale why DPM is here to stay even after the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The author has based this research on reviewing publications from the project management journals and publications, interviews of project management professionals and analyzing data from a project management consultancy.

Findings

The pandemic accelerated the digitalization of project management including the adoption of digital tools and technologies, embracing an agile approach to implementing projects; working collaborative in remote teams; and breaking traditional barriers of geography, time zones and fundamentally how project teams collaborate.

Practical implications

Project management is being digitized, changing how teams work. Fueled by the pandemic, DPM accelerated its momentum. The rate of adoption is likely to be strong after the pandemic. Organizations and individuals should consider embracing DPM but with the full knowledge of both benefits and challenges.

Originality/value

DPM is still in its early days even though the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated its use. Today and likely after the pandemic, organizations and people are increasingly embracing digital technologies, remote teams and agile project management approaches to project management. It is likely that in the foreseeable future, nearly all project managers will be digital project managers, giving rise to the importance of understanding the challenges and benefits and building the digital skills for both individuals and organizations.
Do kiosks outperform cashiers? An S-O-R framework of restaurant ordering experiences
Authors: Leung Xi Y. , Torres Bryan , Fan Alei
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to compare the performance of self-service kiosks in a quick-service setting with the performance of cashiers. In particular, this study explores both internal responses and external responses between the two ordering methods with the moderating role of crowdedness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study develops a theoretical framework based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model. A 2 × 2 field experiment was conducted in a real quick-service outlet to collect data.

Findings

The results reveal that customers reported a better experience when using self-service kiosks compared to placing orders with cashiers. However, cashiers generated more revenue for the quick-service outlet than kiosks. Significant interaction effects were found for external responses. Customers spent more time placing orders with cashiers than with kiosks in less crowded periods, while cashiers generated more sales than kiosks during busier periods.

Originality/value

This study enriches the hospitality and tourism literature by applying the S-O-R framework in an experimental design incorporating both internal and external responses. The findings on the interaction between ordering methods and crowdedness on external responses provide practical insights for quick-service restaurant operators to find a balance between technology and human services.
Nonprofit impact measurement and collaboration
Authors: Yang Cherrie
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced not-for-profit organizations (NFPs) to look outside their organizational boundaries for collective impact. In this unprecedented and turbulent situation, the need to understand and articulate the effectiveness and impact of collaborative efforts is paramount. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential nexus between nonprofit impact measurement and collaboration.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews key aspects of the NFP impact measurement and collaboration literature and discusses the potential nexus between these two concepts. NFP collaboration refers to the collaborative arrangements that involve NFPs with other NFPs and/or businesses and government.

Findings

Based on a literature review, this paper argues that NFPs must acknowledge the significance of impact measurement when engaging in collaborative efforts and the mutually reinforcing relationships between the NFP impact measurement and collaboration to make a collective impact.

Originality/value

Research on the nexus of NFP impact measurement and collaboration is scant, but it is urgently needed due to the COVID-19 crisis. This paper is timely to review the extant knowledge base of NFP impact measurement and collaboration and attempts to draw meaningful connections between the two concepts. The paper also has significant implications for practice as it responds to the calls for more collaboration in the New Zealand NFP sector and will be of interest to NFP leaders, managers, funders and policymakers.
Strain, negative emotions and turnover intentions among American police managers
Authors: Andreescu Viviana , Vito Gennaro F.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The main objective of the study is to identify the effects of various sources of job-related strains on police managers' turnover intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from a sample of American police managers (N = 179) were used to construct a path model that estimated the direct and indirect effect of environmental and organizational stressors on turnover intentions while considering the mediating role of negative emotionality.

Findings

Although most of the surveyed police managers (61%) did not report turnover intentions, those who did were more likely to have experienced burnout, frustration and/or emotional drain. Strenuous relationships with police supervisors and work–life imbalances were the main sources of these negative emotions. Turnover intentions were expressed by managers at the operational/technical level (sergeants) and by those who perceived a lack of procedural justice at the agency level. Highly educated managers were significantly less likely to report burnout and turnover intent.

Research limitations/implications

Since this analysis is based on a relatively small convenience sample of police managers, readers should interpret the results cautiously.

Practical implications

To reduce turnover in police organizations, police administrators should implement and follow policies and procedures to ensure a fair, consistent and just treatment of all employees.

Originality/value

This is one of the few recent studies that focused exclusively on police managers' turnover intentions.
Evolution of the housing market under the framework of adaptive market hypothesis and martingale difference hypothesis: a case of India
Authors: Pandey Richa , Jessica V. Mary
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study to evaluate the evolving market efficiency of the housing market under the framework of adaptive market hypothesis and martingale difference hypothesis taking a case of India.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a wild bootstrap version of the generalized spectral (GS) test in the rolling window framework to measure possible time-varying linear and non-linear dependence in the housing market.

Findings

The study finds that the Indian housing market, in general, is not efficient, and this efficiency is dynamic, which changes with time lending support to the adaptive market hypothesis. The study confirms that the evolutionary model of individuals adapting to a changing environment via behavioural biases affects the efficiency of the housing market, which leads to the evolving efficiency of the housing market prices.

Research limitations/implications

The study believes that the potential implications go beyond evolutionary forces and the adaptive market hypothesis , which, does not only depend on an individual's decision-making process but also on social psychology. Thus, a further attempt in this line, taking into account the social psychology and quantitative rigour towards drivers of evolving efficiency is suggested for future research.

Practical implications

The study suggests that there is a possibility of extra returns for market players, but not always. The Indian housing market has witnessed several landmark reforms in recent years, so it is believed that these reforms would decrease the inefficiency level of this market. Contrary to this, the study’s findings reveal an increase in the inefficiency level in recent years. As the Indian housing market shows evolving efficiency, it is believed that the increased inefficiency is temporary. The increased inefficiency can be regarded as the settlement stage of the various policy and technical reforms.

Originality/value

Confirming the presence or absence of adaptive efficiency in the housing market under possible non-linear dependence will be a significant addition to the existing literature.
Financial challenges experienced by South African non-profit organisations regarding CSR implementation
Authors: Sibisi Nobuntu , Makka Anoosha
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the financial challenges experienced by non-profit organisations (NPOs) when implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in South Africa. These challenges have a negative impact on NPOs because they impede the successful implementation of CSR projects.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research method and a purposive sampling strategy were used in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 employees from three NPOs in South Africa from the education, enterprise development and health and social development sectors. Content analysis was used to examine the data.

Findings

The findings revealed that NPOs in South Africa experience serious financial resource challenges, notably, overreliance on donor funding; difficulty in obtaining donor funding; limited donor funding available; intense competition from other non NPOs to secure donor funding; donors unwilling to fund operational costs and prescribing exactly how funds should be used; and donors signing non-binding contracts on the provision of funding.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size of the study was small, namely, three NPOs from Gauteng Province (Johannesburg) in South Africa. Therefore, this study covered only one geographic area of South Africa and the findings cannot be generalised across other provinces of the country.

Practical implications

The results of this study could have implications for donors and NPO employees involved in CSR activities in South Africa.

Originality/value

This study bridges a gap in literature by revealing the key financial challenges experienced by South African NPOs in implementing CSR initiatives and the impact of those challenges on their CSR efforts.
Impact of shared leadership on team performance through team reflexivity: examining the moderating role of task complexity
Authors: Hadi Noor Ul , Chaudhary Anum
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To react quickly and to be flexible to respond to environmental uncertainty, working in teams is preferable. However, leadership must be decentralised for effective team performance. This paper aims to examine the impact of shared leadership on team performance through team reflexivity with task complexity.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypothesised relationships, a quantitative research design with purposive sampling technique was used. Data were gathered from employees working in teams. A total of 351 valid responses were analysed via SPSS PROCESS macro.

Findings

The findings signify that shared leadership positively impacts team reflexivity, which, in turn, has a significant impact on team performance. Results also revealed that team reflexivity strongly affects team performance in the presence of shared leadership and complex tasks.

Originality/value

Research related to effective team performance is scarce. Similarly, a review of a recently published article revealed that team reflexivity could work as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between shared leadership and effective team performance. Moreover, the concept of task complexity in the existing literature is scattered and needs to be integrated.
Strength assessment and durability of self-compacting concrete manufactured with various fine aggregates subjected to acidic curing environment
Authors: Douara Taha Hocine , Guettala Salim , Hadji Tarek , Attia Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to contribute with experimental study of the effects of binary and ternary combinations of river sand (RS), crushed sand (CS) and dune sand (DS) on the physical and mechanical performances of self-compacting concrete (SCC) subjected to acidic curing environments, HCl and H2SO4 solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

Five SCCs were prepared with the combinations 100% RS, 0.8RS + 0.2CS, 0.6RS + 0.2CS + 0.2DS, 0.6RS + 0.4DS and 0.6CS + 0.4DS. The porosity of sand, fluidity, deformability, stability, compressive strength and sorptivity coefficient were tested. SCCs cubic specimens with a side length of 10 cm were submerged in HCl and H2SO4 acids, wherein the concentration was 5%, for periods of 28, 90 and 180 days. The resistance to acid attack was evaluated by visual examination, mass loss and compressive strength loss.

Findings

The results showed that it is possible to partially substitute the RS with CS and DS in the SCC, without strongly affecting the fluidity, deformability, stability, compressive strength and durability against HCl and H2SO4 attack. The two combinations, 0.8RS + 0.2CS and 0.6RS + 0.2CS + 0.2DS, improved the compactness and the resistance to acid attacks of SCC. Consequently, the improvement in SCC compactness, by the combination of RS, CS and DS, decreased the sorptivity coefficient of SCC and increased its resistance to acid attacks, in comparison with that made only by RS.

Originality/value

The use of RS is experiencing a considerable increase in line with the development of the country. To satisfy this demand, it is necessary to substitute this sand with other materials more abundant. The use of locally available materials is a very effective way to protect the environment, improve the physico-mechanical properties and durability of SCC and it can be a beneficial economical alternative. Few studies have addressed the effect of the binary and ternary combination of RS, CS and DS on the resistance to acid attacks of SCC.
Improving intra‐ and inter‐annual GPP predictions by using individual tree inventories and leaf growth dynamics
Authors: Fang Jing , Lutz James A. , Shugart Herman H. , Yan Xiaodong , Xie Wenqiang , Liu Feng
Published: July 2021

Carbon sequestration is a key ecosystem service provided by forests. Inventory data based on individual trees are considered to be the most accurate method for estimating forest productivity. However, the estimations of forest photosynthesis from inventory data remain understudied, particularly when considering the growth and development of individual trees under the background of global change.

Here, we used the leaf growth process with phenology and non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) storage to revise an individual‐tree‐based carbon model, FORCCHN. This model couples leaf development and biomass to quantify gross primary productivity (GPP) in the forests, where growth is decoupled from photosynthesis in daily step. The model was initialized with inventory‐based forest data rather than the more widely used satellite‐based data.

We tested the model against measured above‐ground woody biomass, growth of leaf biomass, daily gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) and yearly GEE at five representative forest sites in the Northern Hemisphere. We also compared the results from the original model and the revised model at five forest sites. Including leaf growth dynamics and inventory‐based initialization improved the predicted performance (r2) of GPP by an average of 33%.

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that the appropriate vegetation data sources (i.e. inventory or satellite selection) and the effective predictions of the growth process should be considered when developing future carbon cycle models and forest carbon estimation options. Applying and improving such carbon models to evaluate carbon sequestration is an important part of forest carbon sink management.
Functional characterization of a high‐affinity iron transporter (PiFTR) from the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica and its role in plant growth and development
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Narayan Om Prakash , Prasad Durga , Jogawat Abhimanyu , Panwar Sneh Lata , Dua Meenakshi , Johri Atul Kumar
Published: July 2021

Iron (Fe) is a micronutrient required for plant growth and development; however, most Fe forms in soil are not readily available to plants, resulting in low Fe contents in plants and, thereby, causing Fe deficiency in humans. Biofortification through plant‐fungal co‐cultivation might be a sustainable approach to increase crop Fe contents. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role of a Piriformospora indica Fe transporter on rice Fe uptake under low Fe conditions. A high‐affinity Fe transporter (PiFTR) from P. indica was identified and functionally characterized. PiFTR fulfilled all criteria expected of a functional Fe transporter under Fe‐limited conditions. Additionally, PiFTR expression was induced when P. indica was grown under low Fe conditions, and PiFTR complemented a yeast mutant lacking Fe transport. A knockdown (KD) P. indica strain was created via RNA interference to understand the physiological role of PiFTR. We observed that the KD‐PiFTR‐P. indica strain transported a significantly lower amount of Fe to colonized rice (Oryza sativa) than the wild type (WT) P. indica. WT P. indica‐colonized rice plants were healthier and performed significantly better than KD‐PiFTR‐P. indica‐colonized rice plants. Our study offers potential avenues for an agronomically sound amelioration of plant growth in low Fe environments.
When All That Glitters Is Gold: Dominated Plan Choice on Covered California for the 2018 Plan Year
Authors: RASMUSSEN PETRA W. , ANDERSON DAVID
Published: July 2021

Policy Points

Purchasing health insurance is a complex task with multiple potential points of failure.

In 2018, following the silver‐loading price shock, 20.2% of households earning above 200% of the federal poverty level with coverage through the two Covered California insurers who sold dominated silver plans purchased the inferior, dominated silver plan.

Individuals who were automatically reenrolled were more likely to purchase an inferior, dominated plan.

Automatic reenrollment rules and marketplace choice architecture should be modified to avoid placing people into dominated health insurance policies and help consumers more easily select superior coverage for themselves.

Context

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) individual health insurance marketplaces rely on purchasers to make informed choices to impose price and quality discipline on a complex array of insurance products. A sudden and minimally expected policy shock in the fall of 2017—the termination of direct federal payment for cost‐sharing reduction (CSR) subsidies—led to a substantial change in the relative prices of silver and gold plans on the Covered California insurance marketplace. From 2014 to 2017, all gold plans in California were more expensive than comparable silver plans that were offered by the same insurer using the same network in the same county. For the 2018 plan year, however, some gold plans that had lower cost sharing also had lower premiums than did comparable silver plans, resulting in silver “dominated” plans being sold through Covered California.

Methods

We used the Covered California enrollment and product files from 2014 to 2018 in a retrospective data analysis of plan choice. We examined individuals earning above 200% of the federal poverty level who purchased plans from insurers who sold dominated silver plans in 2018.

Findings

We found that 3.9% of all Covered California enrollees in 2018 chose a strictly and transparently dominated plan. Among households with incomes above 200% of the federal poverty level that were enrolled in plans from the two insurers that offered dominated plans, 20.2% chose a dominated plan. Households that actively enrolled in 2018 and were enrolled in a silver plan in the previous year enrolled in a dominated plan at higher rates than did new enrollees and those who were enrolled in nonsilver plans in the previous year. More than 30% of households that had their coverage automatically renewed in 2018 enrolled in a dominated plan. On average, households enrolled in dominated plans in 2018 spent an additional $38.87 per month in premiums.

Conclusions

Households routinely chose dominated plans and were exposed to both higher monthly premiums and higher potential cost sharing. Health insurance marketplaces should improve decision supports and choice curation to eliminate the possibility of individuals choosing dominated plans.
Guidelines for reasonable and appropriate care in the emergency department (GRACE): Recurrent, low‐risk chest pain in the emergency department
Authors: Musey Paul I. , Bellolio Fernanda , Upadhye Suneel , Chang Anna Marie , Diercks Deborah B. , Gottlieb Michael , Hess Erik P. , Kontos Michael C. , Mumma Bryn E. , Probst Marc A. , Stahl John H. , Stopyra Jason P. , Kline Jeffrey A. , Carpenter Christopher R.
Published: July 2021

This first Guideline for Reasonable and Appropriate Care in the Emergency Department (GRACE‐1) from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine is on the topic: Recurrent, Low‐risk Chest Pain in the Emergency Department. The multidisciplinary guideline panel used The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations regarding eight priority questions for adult patients with recurrent, low‐risk chest pain and have derived the following evidence based recommendations: (1) for those >3 h chest pain duration we suggest a single, high‐sensitivity troponin below a validated threshold to reasonably exclude acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within 30 days; (2) for those with a normal stress test within the previous 12 months, we do not recommend repeat routine stress testing as a means to decrease rates of major adverse cardiac events at 30 days; (3) insufficient evidence to recommend hospitalization (either standard inpatient admission or observation stay) versus discharge as a strategy to mitigate major adverse cardiac events within 30 days; (4) for those with non‐obstructive (<50% stenosis) coronary artery disease (CAD) on prior angiography within 5 years, we suggest referral for expedited outpatient testing as warranted rather than admission for inpatient evaluation; (5) for those with no occlusive CAD (0% stenosis) on prior angiography within 5 years, we recommend referral for expedited outpatient testing as warranted rather than admission for inpatient evaluation; (6) for those with a prior coronary computed tomographic angiography within the past 2 years with no coronary stenosis, we suggest no further diagnostic testing other than a single, normal high‐sensitivity troponin below a validated threshold to exclude ACS within that 2 year time frame; (7) we suggest the use of depression and anxiety screening tools as these might have an effect on healthcare use and return emergency department (ED) visits; and (8) we suggest referral for anxiety or depression management, as this might have an impact on healthcare use and return ED visits.
Palaeopathological Study of the Mompaderno Cranium (Croatian Istria) Reveals Interpersonal Violence during Early Bronze Age
Authors: Vincenti Giorgia , Vinci Giacomo , Fabbri Pier Francesco , Tuniz Claudio , Marzaioli Fabio , Passariello Isabella , Arbulla Deborah , Bernardini Federico
Published: July 2021

The Mompaderno cranium was found in 1883 at Baderna/Mompaderno in Croatian Istria. It was suspected to date from the Mesolithic or Neolithic period, but radiocarbon analyses, performed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on collagen extracted from two teeth, have provided an age range of 2,202–1928 cal. BC, which corresponds to the Early Bronze Age in the investigated region. Macroscopic observations and X‐ray micro‐tomography (micro‐CT) of the cranium have shown antemortem sharp force trauma on the frontal bones, probably caused by a bronze axe, and a related osteomyelitis likely caused by an infection of the wound. The study has also revealed a previous depressed fracture and an osteolytic area interpreted as intradiploic meningioma. Results provide rare and earliest evidence of interpersonal violence in the northern Adriatic region.
Win some, lose some: Mesocosm communities maintain community productivity despite lower phosphorus availability because of increased species diversity
Authors: DeCock Eva , De Schrijver An , Schelfhout Stephanie , Wasof Safaa , Vanhellemont Margot , Moeneclaey Iris , Mertens Jan , Verheyen Kris , Baeten Lander
Published: July 2021

Aims

The restoration of degraded ecosystems typically focuses on establishing assemblages of target species, but successful recovery should also be evaluated by the ecosystem's functioning to guarantee long‐term persistence. We investigated how the processes underlying community assembly (i.e. species loss, species gain and changes in abundance of resident species) influenced ecosystem functioning in experimental grassland communities in different states of restoration.

Location

A greenhouse experiment in northern Flanders, Belgium.

Methods

We set up a mesocosm experiment with communities of 19 planted species, ranging from slow‐growing species from poorly productiveNardusgrasslands to fast‐growing species from highly productiveLolium perennegrasslands. We categorised the mesocosms into different grassland restoration states based on known abiotic and biotic restoration barriers for semi‐natural grassland restoration: soil phosphorus levels and soil biota communities. After two growing seasons, we used the CAFE approach, an ecological application of the Price equation, to partition the effects of plant community assembly on ecosystem functioning (here community productivity) for the different restoration states.

Results

Adding soil biota communities sampled from referenceNardusgrasslands vs more intensively managed grasslands did not have a significant effect on either plant species richness or biomass productivity. Lower soil phosphorus concentrations (i.e. abiotic restoration) resulted in a higher plant species richness. However, the net effect on productivity was close to zero. The increase in productivity caused by species gains was compensated through decreases in productivity caused by species loss and by decreases in the abundance or functioning of species that are present in both abiotically degraded and abiotically restored states.

Conclusions

Not only species richness but also species identity resulted in changes in ecosystem functioning (i.e. productivity), even though the net functional effects were close to zero. More specifically, we found that species richness‐driven increases in productivity were counterbalanced by resource‐driven and species identity‐driven reductions in productivity.
Effect of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic relationships of liquid and controlled‐release formulations of oxycodone
Authors: Ladebo Louise , Abuhelwa Ahmad Y. , Foster David J. R. , Kroustrup Jens P. , Pacyk Grzegorz J. , Kongstad Kenneth T. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Christrup Lona L. , Olesen Anne E.
Published: July 2021

The physiological changes following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery may impact drug release from mechanistically different controlled‐release tablets, making generic substitution inappropriate. This study aimed to characterise the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic relationships of oxycodone from a lipid‐based and water‐swellable controlled‐release tablet in RYGB patients. Twenty RYGB patients received 10‐mg oral solution oxycodone or 20‐mg controlled‐release (water‐swellable or lipid‐based) oxycodone in a three‐way, randomised, semiblinded and cross‐over study. Blood sampling and pupillary recordings were conducted over a 24‐h period. A previously established pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic model of these three formulations in healthy volunteers was used in the analysis as a reference model. No differences in absorption kinetics were seen between controlled‐release formulations in patients. However, the absorption lag time was 11.5 min in patients vs 14 min in healthy volunteers for controlled‐release tablets (P < 0.001). Furthermore, oral bioavailability was 14.4% higher in patients compared to healthy volunteers regardless of formulation type (P < 0.001). Oxycodone pharmacodynamics were not significantly affected by formulation or patient status. However, baseline pupil diameter was inversely correlated with age (P < 0.001) and plasma concentrations of oxycodone at half‐maximum effect were 31% lower in males compared to females (P < 0.05). Generic substitution of monophasic lipid‐based and water‐swellable controlled‐release oxycodone tablets may be considered safe in RYGB patients.
A Political Ritual Without Closure: Serial Liminality and the Escalation of Conflict in Brazil's Street Demonstrations
Authors: Dullo Eduardo
Published: July 2021

In 2013 Brazilians took to the streets in a series of demonstrations against federal and local governments that lasted until the presidential elections in October 2018. This engagement disrupted the usual political temporality of the election cycle, extending its ritual logic to years of dispute. This article asks what happens when a ‘political ritual’ does not find its closure and the liminal temporality of the ‘political season’ escalates into a left versus right polarisation. It concludes that there are two outcomes: the imagined collective self‐perception of the nation shifts and the state of exception is regarded as an exemplary way out of conflict, reiterating the authoritarian tradition.
Case of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy associated with Epstein–Barr virus reactivation
Authors: So Hayato , Ohashi Takashi , Yamagishi Sae , Mori Harushi , Takanashi Jun‐ichi
Published: July 2021

Background

In autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows no abnormal findings in many cases, which attributes to misdiagnoses. To our knowledge, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings have never been reported for autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.

Case presentation

A 17‐year‐old girl presented with impaired consciousness and delirium; her cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Epstein–Barr virus. Reduced diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum on brain MRI led to a tentative diagnosis of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion. On repeatedly carrying out brain MRI, new lesions characteristic of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy were identified. MRS showed a low concentration of myo‐inositol, an astrocyte‐specific marker. Intravenous methylprednisolone gradually resolved the patient’s symptoms, while the MRS findings were normalized as her symptoms resolved. Anti‐GFAP antibody was positive in the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid.

Conclusions

The MRI findings characteristic of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy might not be present at the illness onset when triggered by Epstein–Barr virus reactivation. Our results suggest that MRS might show astrocytic dysfunction and be useful in evaluating treatment progress.
Urinary peptidome and diabetic retinopathy in the DIRECT‐Protect 1 and 2 trials
Authors: Rotbain Curovic Viktor , Magalhães Pedro , He Tianlin , Hansen Tine W. , Mischak Harald , Rossing Peter ,   the DIRECT Programme Study Group
Published: July 2021

Background

Given the association of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and kidney disease, we investigated the urinary peptidome to presence and deterioration of DR in a post hoc analysis of trials investigating the effect of candesartan on progression of DR in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.

Methods

Baseline urinary peptidomic analysis was performed on a random selection of 783 and 792 subjects in two randomized controlled trials, DIRECT‐Protect 1 and 2, respectively. End points were two‐step (RET2) and three‐step (RET3) change in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol (ETDRS) defined level. Peptide levels were correlated to baseline EDTRS level in a discovery set of 2/3 of the participants from DIRECT‐Protect 1. The identified peptides were then validated cross‐sectionally in the remaining 1/3 from DIRECT‐Protect 1. Thereafter, peptides identified in the discovery set were assessed in the entire DIRECT‐Protect 1 and 2 cohorts and significant peptides were tested longitudinally.

Results

Follow‐up ranged 4.0–4.7 years. 24 peptides were associated with baseline DR in the discovery set. COL3A1 (seq: NTG~) and COL4A1 (seq: DGA~) were associated with baseline DR in the validation set (Rho: −.223,p < 0.001 and Rho: −.141,p = 0.024). Neither was significantly associated with end points. Assessing the 24 identified peptides in the entire cohorts, several collagen peptides were associated with baseline DR and end points; however, there was no overlap across diabetes types.

Conclusions

We identified several urinary peptides (mainly collagen) associated with the presence of DR, however they could not be conclusively associated with worsening of DR.
Inflation concerns and mass preferences over exchange‐rate policy
Authors: Aklin Michaël , Arias Eric , Gray Julia
Published: July 2021

Exchange‐rate policies are cornerstones of the world economy. They also have fundamental welfare and distributional consequences on nations, firms, and individuals. How do individuals internalize these consequences? We challenge the conventional wisdom on the source of mass preferences and argue that many individuals understand currency policies through the lens of inflation. Specifically, we argue that people who are concerned about inflation are more likely to support a fixed exchange rate regime and are more likely to oppose depreciation. We present observational and experimental evidence across middle‐income (Argentina and Serbia) and developed (United Kingdom) countries to support our argument. Further tests suggest that fears over purchasing power—instead of debt or savings considerations—drive inflation concerns.
Negotiating exclusion: Regulatory barriers in preferential trade agreements
Authors: Çınar İpek , Gulotty Robert
Published: July 2021

Trade negotiations now center on regulations. This paper argues that these negotiations can raise uncertainty over fixed costs. We develop a simple model of exporter competition to show how uncertainty generated by negotiations redistributes profits across firms. We show that regulatory uncertainty reduces competition by deterring entry on the part of less productive firms and shifting market share toward top producers. Empirically, we show that this negotiation‐driven uncertainty can help explain the economically concentrating effects of preferential agreements. Preferential trade agreements combine tariff concessions with regulatory changes that ensure the benefits of the agreement are limited to member states. Using novel data covering firm‐level export activity and public investment decisions in the automotive and automotive parts sectors during NAFTA, we find that negotiation‐driven uncertainty deterred non‐North American producers while benefiting the top American auto manufacturers.
Shift happens: Evaluating the ability of autumn stocked walleye Sander vitreus to shift to natural prey
Authors: Grausgruber Emily E. , Weber Michael J.
Published: July 2021

Hatchery propagation techniques, such as pellet‐rearing, can result in altered feeding behaviour. Walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) is a commonly propagated sportfish, yet little is known regarding its ability to switch to live prey post‐stocking. The objectives were to evaluate temporal changes in diet composition and condition as well as evaluate the relationship between total length and presence of different prey consumed by stocked walleye fry and fingerlings. Fingerling walleye had higher average proportions of empty stomachs and benthic invertebrates but less fish that stocked walleye fry. The presence of zooplankton, benthic invertebrates or fish was not related to walleye length. Walleye condition was similar between cohorts and did not change over days post‐stocking. Percent similarity index values between cohorts were variable (0.0 to 67.9%). It was concluded that stocked walleye fingerlings consume lower quality prey items than stocked fry counterparts at least up to 49‐day post‐stocking, which may have implications for post‐stocking survival.
Biogeochemical feedbacks associated with the response of micronutrient recycling by zooplankton to climate change
Authors: Richon Camille , Tagliabue Alessandro
Published: July 2021

Recycling by zooplankton has emerged as an important process driving the cycling of essential micronutrients in the upper ocean. Resupply of nutrients by upper ocean recycling is itself controlled by multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Although the response of these drivers to climate change will shape future recycling rates and their stoichiometry, their magnitude and variability are unaddressed by climate change projections, which means potentially important feedbacks on surface biogeochemistry are neglected. Here, we assess the impacts of climate change under the high emissions RCP8.5 scenario on the recycling of the essential micronutrients Fe, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn and quantify the regional control by zooplankton food quality, prey quantity, sea surface temperature and zooplankton biomass. A statistical assessment of our model results reveals that the variability in recycling fluxes across all micronutrients is mainly driven by the variability of zooplankton and prey biomass. In contrast, the variability in micronutrient recycling stoichiometry and its response to climate change are more complex and is regulated by zooplankton food quality and prey quantity. Regionally, the relative influence of each driver on recycling changes in our model by the end of the 21st century. Temperature becomes an important driving factor in the polar regions while the expansion of oligotrophic regions leads to the importance of food quality increase for low and mid‐latitudes. These responses lead to novel feedbacks that can amplify the response of surface ocean biogeochemistry and alter nutrient deficiency regimes.
Competitive and spreading abilities of forage peanut in tropical mixed pastures
Authors: de Andrade Carlos Mauricio Soares , de Assis Giselle M. L. , Gonçalves Rivadalve C. , Ferreira Aliedson S. , de Oliveira Yves Matheus F.
Published: July 2021

Forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) is considered a legume ideotype for use in mixed pastures in humid tropical regions, but its adoption has been hindered by low availability and high prices of commercial seeds. However, there is a concern if breeding of high seed‐yielding cultivars could result in loss of compatibility with grasses. This study compared the competitive ability and spreading ability of 12 forage peanut genotypes with contrasting seed‐yielding potential in mixtures with Brachiaria humidicola in northern Brazil. These genotypes were previously selected for high performance under clipping in pure stands. Twenty‐five rooted stolons of forage peanut were transplanted to the central area (1 × 1 m) of each plot (5 × 5 m) seeded 35 days before with B. humidicola. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with five replicates per genotype and was evaluated under grazing from 6 to 30 months after pasture establishment using the intermittent stocking method. All genotypes persisted and increased their proportion in botanical composition over time. Spread of forage peanut stolons into surrounding B. humidicola sward varied from 0.56 to 1.46 m/year. Cultivar BRS Mandobi had the greatest competitive ability and cultivar Belomonte the greatest spreading ability. Two genotypes (cv. BRS Mandobi and accession BRA‐00064752‐9) were selected combining high seed‐yielding and high compatibility with B. humidicola. This is evidence that both traits (compatibility with grasses and seed yield) can be simultaneously improved in this legume. The results are discussed in terms of the ecology of grass‐legume mixtures and breeding of forage peanut.
Taking the systems approaches out of their comfort zones: Perspectives from under explored contexts
Authors: Pugh Rhiannon , Schmutzler Jana , Tsvetkova Alexandra
Published: July 2021

This special issue tackles two “trendy” topics much discussed at present by the community of scholars (and practitioners too) interested in regional economic development: systems and ecosystems. These metaphors have proved popular, and enduring, currently experiencing something of a buzz or moment in the sunshine. This special issue pushes them out of their comfort zone to explore contexts, elements, and approaches that have not yet been well explored in the literature to date. Contributions in this special issue cover a wide range of international cases and explore systemic perspectives on economic development placing institutional context and evolutionary dynamics at the core.
Quantifying reshoring at the macro‐level—Measurement and applications
Authors: Krenz Astrid , Strulik Holger
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we develop a metric of reshoring at the macroeconomic level, at the level of industries or countries. Our dynamic measure computes the change in the domestic–foreign input ratio and therewith captures the idea of moving production back to the home country. Additional conditions ensure that the measure is confined to actual reshoring and does not pick up, for example, mere changes in the scale and composition of production. We show that reshoring is only weakly approximated by reduced offshoring. We compute the reshoring intensity from the World Input Output Database and illustrate the use of the data with several applications. Specifically, we compute trends in reshoring for examples of countries and industry sectors, we investigate reshoring from China, and examine the impact of an increasing degree of automation for reshoring in emerging and developing economies.