bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers for Implementation of E-pharmacy Policy: Views of Pharmacy Authorities, Public Institutions and Societal Groups
Authors: Bakar Amran Abu , Ong Siew Chin , Chuo Yew Ting , Ooi Guat See , Hassali Mohamed Azmi Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Malaysian government has established National Digital Economy Policy to promote e-commerce adoption among small to medium enterprises (SMEs). Although this national policy has expanded to community pharmacists for providing e-pharmacy services, only a few independent pharmacies have adopted e-pharmacy practices. As such, it is important to critically investigate the implementation of e-pharmacy policies in promoting online pharmaceutical services in Malaysia. This study explores the barriers in implementing e-pharmacy policies from the perspective of pharmaceutical authorities, public agencies and societal groups. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was employed in this study. Interview data were collected from key pharmaceutical authorities, agencies governing e-commerce and consumer affairs, health professionals and consumer societal groups. Thirty-three key actors participated in this study. Themes focusing on factors that impede the implementation of e-pharmacy policies were identified using an open-axial coding approach. Eight emerging themes were identified to be influencing policy inaction and policy barriers towards e-pharmacy implementation for empowering community pharmacists: (1) policymakers’ inattention to private business interests; (2) authoritarian administrative action unsuitable for e-pharmacy businesses; (3) deficit of trust towards community pharmacies practising e-pharmacy services; (4) conflicting policy requirements between safeguarding patients and business applications; (5) limited organisational resources and budget constraints; (6) policy incompatibility and different jurisdiction requirements; (7) unfriendly e-pharmacy requirements; and (8) dominant interest groups opposing e-pharmacy policies. Clear and consistent policies will benefit both patients and consumers as they acquire improved access to professional consultation and various options for quality medicine at competitive prices.
Kemelut Ketaksamaan: Kesan ke atas Pembentukan Identiti Remaja Bandar
Authors: Hussain Rosila Bee Mohd , Muhamad Haslina
Published: March 2022

Isu ketaksamaan sering diperkatakan dalam masyarakat khususnya dari aspek kedudukan ekonomi seseorang. Walaupun begitu, kalangan remaja mungkin berhadapan dengan isu ketaksamaan ini dari sisi yang lain iaitu pengaruh dalam pembentukan identiti mereka. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk melihat isu-isu ketaksamaan remaja, khususya di bandar, yang mewujudkan ketidaksamaan dalam kehidupan dan mempengaruhi pembentukan identiti mereka. Kajian ini menerangkan pandangan remaja bandar mengenai isu ketaksamaan berdasarkan keadaan sebenar dan cara mereka menghadapinya. Kajian menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk pengumpulan data. Soal selidik telah dijalankan ke atas 720 responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar-pelajar di tiga universiti iaitu UM, UTM dan USM. Tiga sesi Perbincangan Kumpulan Fokus telah dijalankan di setiap lokasi dan 10 responden dipilih untuk setiap lokasi. Data yang diperoleh daripada soal selidik dianalisis untuk maklumat deskriptif dan analisis pemeringkatan (ranking analysis) menggunakan SPSS. Kajian mendapati bahawa 23% responden berpendapat bahawa kuasa dan kedudukan dalam masyarakat adalah faktor penyumbang utama seseorang berada dalam ketaksamaan diikuti dengan tahap pendidikan dan jenis pekerjaan. Manakala, 41% responden berpendapat pengangguran adalah isu utama yang dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan identiti. Para responden turut mencadangkan saranan supaya menjadikan seseorang sebagai role model untuk menjadi motivasi dalam menghadapi kemelut ketaksamaan. Oleh itu, pemahaman tentang cara identiti remaja bandar terkesan dengan isu-isu ketaksamaan ini adalah perlu untuk masyarakat supaya dapat membantu mereka berfungsi dengan baik di bawah keadaan hidup yang mungkin tertekan pada masa hadapan.
Da’wah Qur’aniyah Based on Environmental Conversation: Revitalizing Spiritual Capital Ecotheology, Environmentally Friendly, Gender Responsive
Authors: Affandi Yuyun , Riyadi Agus , Taufiq Imam , Kasdi Abdurrohman , Farida Umma , Karim Abdul , Mufid Abdul
Published: March 2022

Religious theology was developed to build a movement to respond to environmental conservation based on Islam (eco-Islam). It is an effort to realize an integral awareness in instilling ethics, particularly in the perspective of da’wah based on environmental preservation, and has a vision of positive education in response to the current environmental crisis and problems. Consequently, this qualitative study employed documentation methods, using books, scientific journals, and websites for data collection. The content analysis was used to capture the meaning and involved three stages; first, an inventory of texts relevant to various literature topics. The second stage was the process and context of understanding in observing the world of texts and writers with different socio-cultural and scientific backgrounds. At the same time, the third was analysis, involving the construction of text meanings by considering the context. The results show that 1) the principles of da’wah Qur’aniyah (da’wah in the Koran) as a value base in ecofriendly theology (ecotheology) are, first, the essence of a believer in the belief that Allah is the first creator of the environment. Second, there are three pillars of faith in development: belief in the necessity, humans are creatures of development, and true development the sustainability. Third, caring for the environment is part of faith 2) Gender insight in conservation-based da’wah ecotheology specifies that every individual has a balance of feminine and masculine characters in them. 3) Proactive ecospirituality as the objectification of environmentally friendly da’wah is human behavior in interacting with the environment determined by theological and ideological awareness.
The Future of Oil Palm Smallholders Toward Greater Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Zakaria Zaifalaila , Rahim Abdul Rahman Abdul , Aman Zaki
Published: March 2022

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) has been widely used in various products, namely, food, fuel, feed, and pharmaceuticals (4Fs), ultimately cementing the significant roles of the palm oil sector in Malaysia’s economic growth, extensive rural development, political stability, and now directly in sustainable development agenda. In the context of the palm oil sector, smallholders significantly contribute to almost 30% of the total oil palm planted areas in Malaysia. However, the participation of oil palm independent smallholders (OPISH) has remained limited and far behind compared to private business entities in achieving greater sustainability. Due to the unforeseeable global trends and rising public concern over this sector’s sustainability issues, smallholders are now urged to produce certified sustainable palm oil. These issues have motivated this systematic literature review to be undertaken by critically analysing existing studies on sustainability efforts implemented by the smallholders according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. As per the findings of this systematic review, four main themes emerged: land settlement schemes, agricultural policy and strategies, heterogeneity of the smallholders, and sustainability certifications. The theoretical implication of this study is that these crucial themes are highly relevant in providing a foundation for a conceptual framework that portrays a complete picture of holistic sustainability practices amongst OPISH. Concerning practical implication, these identified themes provide significant insights in designing effective strategies and specific incentives as the palatable solutions for OPISH to implement sustainability practices that will transform the palm oil sector towards a sustainable future.
Infant feeding practices in Cape Coast, Ghana: A sociological perspective
Authors: Sika-Bright Solomon , Ahorlu Collins S. K.
Published: March 2022

Infant feeding has not always been seen as a social behaviour by health professionals and this has contributed substantiallyto infant mortality among various communities. This paper describes infant feeding practices among mothers in Cape Coast from a sociological perspective. A Symbolic interactionist perspective guided the study, and a descriptive crosssectional survey design methodology was used. The study targeted women, 20 years and above, with not more than six month old babies. A total of 138 mothers were selected at the Central Regional Hospital. Mother’s marital and employment status, their friends’ way of feeding their babies, social support and baby’s age influenced mothers’ infant feeding practices. Culturally, water, as a welcome drink, was also found to be an important part of infant feeding practices. It is recommended that the Ghana Health Service should fashion infant feeding education taking into consideration socioculturalfactors.
The Significance of Big Data for the Base of the Pyramid Segment
Authors: Raj Keerthan , Aithal P. S.
Published: March 2022

Big data is a term traditionally used to denote data sets that are so voluminous and complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them. Big data challenges include capturing data, storage, analysis, transfer, querying, updating, information privacy, data source, and such aspects. As of recently, ‘big data’ also refers to predictive analytics, user behaviour analytics and other advanced analytic methods that churn value from data. Data sets are growing very rapidly because of the ability to gather cheap and enormous data from devices such as mobile phones, remote sensing, software logs, cameras, microphones, radio frequency identification readers, and wireless sensor networks. By 2025, IDC predicts that there will be 163 zettabytes of data. On the other hand, the base of the pyramid markets is the growing 4 billion populations who are living on less than $ 2 a day. Management thinkers, Prahalad and Hart, in 1999, propounded their idea on how multinationals can help alleviate poverty and generate profits successfully by selling their products in these markets; many companies have been looking at strategies to serve the BOP segment in emerging markets. Many large corporations have invested a lot of money in these markets and have failed, but also some multinationals who have engaged with the BOP sector have created scalable businesses and generated large profits. Some successful companies have used mobile phone and other information gathering and dissemination technologies to generate valuable information and devise relevant strategies to sell successfully in these markets. While the attraction of the BOP segment has been a topic of research for close to two decades, big data and its applicability to doing business better is prevalent only since 3-4 years. Big data and analytics using big data available all around us are huge in terms of impact for the consumer and the marketer. It has become so imperative that there are in depth studies revolving around big data and how it can be utilized in specific and generic ways and to devise various business strategies of multinationals, companies, domestic players and the like. It has become a huge opportunity that has come about as a result of technological progress and big data can be used in myriad ways to tap and deepen the base of the pyramid markets. There is very little data on the application of big data to the base of the pyramid markets. This paper is an attempt to create a new facet of application of big data to the base of pyramid segment research on how the BOP markets can be served better and companies can get better insights to strategize to enter and serve these markets in a mutually successful manner.
Ahmet Büke’nin ‘’Zeyno Kitapları’’ Adlı Çocuk Öyküleri Serisi Üzerinde Değerler Eğitimi İncelemesi
Authors: TÜRK Emrah
Published: March 2022

Araştırmada öykü yazarlarından olan ve çocuk edebiyatına bu iki eseriyle giren Ahmet Büke’nin iki öyküsü değerler eğitimi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma, betimsel nitelikte olup doküman incelemesi yöntemi esas alınarak incelenmiştir. Yazarın “Eyvah, Babam Şiir Yazıyor!” ve “Annemle Uzayda” eserleri 2019 Türkçe Öğretim Programı’nda belirtilen “adalet, dostluk, dürüstlük, öz denetim, sabır, saygı, sevgi, sorumluluk, vatanseverlik, yardımseverlik” adında on adet değere göre incelenmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde iki eserde doğrudan veya örtük şekilde değerler 144 defa yer almıştır. Eserlerde en fazla yer verilen değer “sevgi”dir. (36 defa). En az yer verilen değer ise “adalet”tir. (0 defa). Araştırma sonucunda Ahmet Büke’nin iki eserinin de değerler eğitimi bakımından zengin bir içeriğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
ОТАВНОСТЬ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ТРАВ И ТРАВОСМЕСЕЙ
Authors: Н. С. Фаткулина
Published: March 2022

Современное кормопроизводство базируется на многолетних бобовых (Fabaceae) травах и их смесях со злаковыми культурами (Poaceae), так как именно они должны составлять основу как консервированных, так и зеленых кормов, включая пастбищные. Именно многолетние травы, как люцерна (Medicágo), эспарцет (Onobrýchis) растут на любых почвах, после себя данные многолетние травы обогащают почву питательными минералами и являются хорошими предшественниками. Отавность многолетних и однолетних травосмесей напрямую зависит от видов травосмесей. Отавность двухкомпонентной травосмеси составляла в среднем 35,5 %, показывая хороший результат. Что же касается позднеспелой травосмеси, то у нее была довольно меньше. Отавность трехкомпонентной травосмеси мало чем отличалась от двухкомпонентной смеси. Отава, полученная по всем годам пользования была представлена в основном люцерной. Совокупные энергетические затраты на возделывание многолетних трав (Fabaceae), в зависимости от состава травостоя и интенсивности технологии, составляют порядка 7–15 ГДж/га, в то время как у однолетних трав – около 20, зернофуражных культур – 20–25, кукурузы (Zéa máys) на силос 40–45 ГДж/га. Если затраты энергии на производство одной кормовой единицы у многолетних трав (Fabaceae) составляет 2,5–3,0 МДж/га, то однолетних трав 5,0–5,2, у зернофуражных культур 5,5–6,0, у кукурузы (Zéa máys) на силос 5,8–6,1 МДж.
CAPITAL HUMANO COMO MEDIADOR NA GESTÃO DE PROCESSOS DE ORGANIZAÇÕES INTENSIVAS EM CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Silva Yuri Caldeira , Angelo Silveira Miguel , Varvakis Gregorio
Published: March 2022

Produtos e serviços cada vez mais ricos em valores intangíveis, mudanças de requisitos dos stakeholders e as novas tecnologias estão modificando rapidamente os negócios. Para responder a complexidade dessas demandas, as organizações precisarm melhor gerir seus processos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar como se posicionar no contexto de processos intensivos em conhecimento voltados a criação de valor, melhoria da competitividade e sustentabilidade das organizações. Através de uma revisão sistemática integrativa na literatura, conseguiu-se evidenciar a importância do capital humano nos processos das organizações intensivas em conhecimento para criação de valor. Além disso, constatou-se como senso comum o capital humano como sendo de vital importância para os processos intensivos em conhecimento e para criação de valor.
NÍVEIS DE MATURIDADE NA GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO: ESTUDO DE CASO EM AGROINDÚSTRIA NO PARANÁ
Authors: Kuczynski Níkolas , Shibakura Jaqueline Tiemi , Zarelli Paula Regina
Published: March 2022

A Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) consiste em promover novas ideias, compartilhar, implementar e armazenar os conhecimentos dentro das instituições. O conceito de GC é fundamental para auxiliar o desenvolvimento consistente das organizações. A partir da metodologia desenvolvida pela Asian Productivity Organization (APO, 2020), foi realizado este estudo de caso, a fim de analisar o nível de maturidade de uma agroindústria de suco de uva integral, no estado do Paraná. Como resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a agroindústria encontra-se em estágio de Iniciação e, a partir disso, foram indicados os pontos fortes e sugestões para melhorar os fatores limitantes da empresa.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO EM REDE: INTERAÇÃO POR MEIO DE RECURSOS MIDIÁTICOS PRODUZIDOS COM A FERRAMENTA H5P NO MOODLE
Authors: Damasceno Luciano Claudia Regina , Fontes Ana Juliana
Published: March 2022

Este artigo analisou o curso “Práticas Cartorárias: atos processuais” aplicado noTribunal Regional Eleitoral de Santa Catarina, em 2018. Identificou as ferramentas H5P queatuaram como metodologias ativas, os tipos de recursos propostos, sua operacionalização e ainteração desses recursos com características das metodologias ativas. Através de estudo decaso único, com observação participante, foram analisadas as interações utilizadas no contextodas metodologias ativas e identificadas 10 características: protagonismo do aluno, açãoreflexão,colaboração, plasticidade, cocriação, atividade cognitiva, feedbacks, ambientesimulado, aprendizagem-ativa e compartilhamento online/repositório. Essas característicasatuam como catalizadoras na interligação entre o ensino e a aprendizagem, colaborando com amanutenção do foco na aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades e o engajamento dos alunos.
The New Power Eating
Authors: Kleiner Susan M , Greenwood-Robinson Maggie
Published: March 2022

Transform your body as you build muscle, lose fat, and maximize performance with The New Power Eating. Author Susan Kleiner delivers the proven strategies she’s used with male and female professional athletes and Olympians in one practical, effective resource that gives you the know-how to reach your personal goals.

In The New Power Eating, Kleiner brings together the latest scientific research on nutrition planning and explains not just what to eat but also when and how to adjust eating plans for your body and specific energy needs. Whether it’s a heavy or light training day, in peak season or off-season, you’ll learn how to achieve your physique and performance goals safely, legally, and effectively.

New recipes pack a nutritional punch into every meal or snack, and sample meal plans for each meal of the day help you easily put it all together―you’ll even find a food group template to help you customize your own menus. Plus, updated details on safe supplements guide you through the maze of marketing claims to help you select the best options in view of the scientific evidence. Dr. Kleiner also walks you through how she evaluates products and brands based on testing for purity, potency, digestibility, and absorption.

Based on the author’s research, you’ll also find fascinating facts that explain how your relationship with food and the gut-to-brain axis can affect your physical and emotional health and performance. Both males and females will discover gender-specific guidance and strategies to help you take advantage of your body’s benefits and overcome unhealthy triggers or habits to create and maintain an effective power eating program.

Incorporate The New Power Eating into your training and find out what thousands of athletes already know: The New Power Eating is more than a book. It’s your path to power excellence.
Complete Conditioning for Soccer
Authors: Alexander Ryan
Published: March 2022

The future of soccer conditioning has arrived.

With content ranging from how to properly develop speed, strength, power, and agility in players at all levels to unique position-specific training guidelines and detailed return-to-play protocols, Complete Conditioning for Soccer is a real game changer.

Training protocols and progressions, complete with schematics of on-field conditioning drills, guide conditioning for players from youth to professional levels. Field players of every position will increase strength to dribble through traffic. Forwards will pack more power into shots on goal. Central midfielders will improve quickness and agility to find open passing lanes and evade opponents. Goalkeepers will develop the explosiveness to cover the width of the goal to make that save.

Emphasizing player movement and conditioning needs for the long term, you will learn the positional and seasonal demands that directly impact player development and performance and discover the significant differences between playing styles, positions, levels of play, and genders.

To keep players game-ready, you’ll find detailed information on avoiding some of the most common soccer injuries as well as step-by-step, position-specific training protocols for players returning from injury.

Written by Ryan Alexander, the director of sports science for Atlanta United Football Club (MLS), Complete Conditioning for Soccer takes the process of physical preparation for soccer to a whole new level.

AUDIENCE

Strength and conditioning coaches and personal trainers who work with soccer players, as well as soccer coaches and players seeking the best ways to condition for the sport.
Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal infections
Authors: Weaver Jennifer S. , Omar Imran M. , Mar Winnie A. , Klauser Andrea S. , Winegar Blair A. , W. Mlady Gary , McCurdy Wendy E. , S. Taljanovic Mihra
Published: March 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality in the evaluation of musculoskeletal (MSK) soft tissue, joint, and bone infections. It allows prompt diagnosis and assessment of the extent of disease, which permits timely treatment to optimize long-term clinical outcomes. MRI is highly sensitive and specific in detecting the common findings of MSK infections, such as superficial and deep soft tissue oedema, joint, bursal and tendon sheath effusions, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow oedema, erosive bone changes and periostitis, and bone and cartilage destruction and sequestration. Contrast-enhanced MRI allows detection of non-enhancing fluid collections and necrotic tissues, rim-enhancing abscesses, heterogeneously or diffusely enhancing phlegmons, and enhancing active synovitis. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is useful in detecting soft-tissue abscesses, particularly in patients who cannot receive gadolinium-based intravenous contrast. MRI is less sensitive than computed tomography (CT) in detecting soft-tissue gas. This article describes the pathophysiology of pyogenic MSK infections, including the route of contamination and common causative organisms, typical MR imaging findings of various soft tissue infections including cellulitis, superficial and deep fasciitis and necrotizing fasciitis, pyomyositis, infectious bursitis, infectious tenosynovitis, and infectious lymphadenitis, and of joint and bone infections including septic arthritis and osteomyelitis (acute, subacute, and chronic). The authors also discuss MRI findings and pitfalls related to infected hardware and diabetic foot infections, and briefly review standards of treatment of various pyogenic MSK infections.
Public participation in municipal service delivery in the eThekwini Municipality
Authors:   , Manqele Fikile
Published: March 2022

Most South African municipalities in South Africa struggle to efficiently provide adequate public services. One of the main reasons for slow and inadequate public service delivery across South African municipalities is ineffective public participation. The consequences of poor public service delivery include the prevalence of violent service delivery protests. Addressing these challenges requires active citizen participation in service delivery matters. The aim of this study is to explore the nature and role of public participation in the delivery of municipal services using a case study of the eThekwini Municipality. To achieve this aim, four main objectives were identified. The first objective focuses on identifying the participation platforms available for the public to effectively contribute to improved municipal service delivery in the eThekwini Municipality. The second objective seeks to establish the challenges experienced in promoting effective public participation in the eThekwini Municipality. The third objective seeks to establish the impact of public participation on service delivery in the eThekwini Municipality. Finally, the fourth objective is to recommend possible ways in which the municipality can implement public participation policies for improved public service delivery. The study uses a qualitative methodological approach which is executed in two parts. The first part analyses survey data collected using semi-structured interviews from 10 municipal employees working in the Community Participation and Action Unit of the municipality. Secondly, the study analyses data collected through semi-structured focus group discussions with community leaders from three different wards of the municipality. The data collected was analysed using the thematic approach. Three major findings are reported in the study. Firstly, the study reports on four main public participation platforms used in the municipality. Secondly, the study reports on five common challenges experienced in promoting public participation in the municipality. Lastly, the study reports on five benefits of public participation towards improved service delivery. Overall, the study reveals the existence of a strong link between effective public participation and optimum service delivery. Effective engagement was understood to be the fundamental issue and a gateway to efficient service delivery. The study recommends that public participation platforms be used frequently as a tool to regain community trust, account for budgets on community projects, disseminate information and allow community engagement on public policies and service delivery matters. The municipality should attend to the drivers of poor attendance in public participation meetings and communities should take a centre stage in identifying service based on their priority need analysis.
Spatio-temporal optimization of groundwater monitoring networks using data-driven sparse sensing methods
Authors: Ohmer Marc , Liesch Tanja , Wunsch Andreas
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Groundwater monitoring and specific collection of data on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the aquifer are prerequisites for effective groundwater management and determine nearly all downstream management decisions. An optimally designed groundwater monitoring network will provide the maximum information content at the minimum cost (Pareto optimum). In this study, PySensors, a Python package containing scalable, data-driven algorithms for sparse sensor selection and signal reconstruction with dimensionality reduction is applied to an existing groundwater monitoring network (GMN) in 1D (hydrographs) and 2D (gridded groundwater contour maps). The algorithm first fits a basis object to the training data, then applies a computationally efficient QR algorithm that ranks existing monitoring wells (for 1D) or suitable sites for additional monitoring (for 2D) in order of "importance" based on the state reconstruction to this tailored basis. This procedure enables a network to be reduced or extended along the Pareto front. Moreover, we investigate the effect of basis choice on reconstruction performance by comparing three types typically used for sparse sensor selection (identity, random projection, and singular value decomposition resp. principal component analysis). We define a gridded cost function for the extension case penalizes unsuitable locations. Our results show that this approach is generally better than the best randomly selected wells. The optimized reduction makes it possible to adequately reconstruct the removed hydrographs with a highly reduced subset with low loss. An average absolute reconstruction accuracy of 0.1 m is achieved with a subset of 6 % wells, 0.05 m with 31 %, and 0.01 m with 82 % wells.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA DA RELEVÂNCIA AOS ESTUDOS DA RACIONALIDADE HUMANA
Authors: ANDERSEN A. J. M. , BENFATTI M. F. N.
Published: March 2022

This article highlights the contributions of Relevance Theory (RT) (1986/1995) to current studies of reasoning. It suggests that reasoning emerged from evolutionary and adaptive human processes and that inferences arise from heuristics occurring rapidly and without the explicit rationality described by Grice (1975). We begin by elucidating the pragmatics perspective on communication and proceed by presenting features of RT that have laid the foundations for theories of reasoning. Each section provides an overview of critical aspects, from the code and ostensive-inferential models to the role of attention in maximizing relevance, inferential processes, and knowledge transmission. Finally, we focus on reasoning from a relevance-oriented perspective and present influential theories that currently address the issue. We outline how dual-process theories describe the mental processes of reasoning by dividing them into two systems: intuitive and deliberative. Mercier and Sperber evaluate these systems in the Argumentative Theory of Reasoning (MERCIER; SPERBER, 2011, 2021; SPERBER; MERCIER, 2017), which employs relevance-theoretic assumptions. Corroborating with this perspective, we argue that rationality is a kind of intuitive inference that emerged from human sociability with argumentative purposes to support social and communicative functions.
Surgical outcome of Occipitocervical Fixation for Craniocervical Instability
Authors: Rehman Riaz ur , Muhammad Asad Qureshi  , Ahmed Bilal Khalique  , Muhammad Waseem Afzal  , Muhammad Talha  , Syed Junaid Ismail  , Ihsanaullah
Published: March 2022

Background: The occipitocervical junction is a unique area between the cranium and the upper cervical spine. Treating pathologies of this region require a good knowledge and understanding of the anatomy, biomechanics of this region and nature of the disease.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Occipitocervical Fixation (OCF) in patients with craniocervical instability in two tertiary care hospitals.

Metrial and Methods: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from April 2005 to December 2016. All patients with craniocervical instability were included in our study, and those having occipital bone fractures or previously operated patients with same technique were excluded from this study. The patients were compared using lateral static and dynamic X-ray taken before the operation, after the operation, and during last follow-up. The Nurick score was used to assess neurological function pre and postoperatively.

Results:  A total of 49 cases with craniocervical instability underwent OCF. The mean age of the patients was 40.5 + 1.2 SD years.  There were 31 male patients and 18 female patients. Majority patients showed improvements in myelopathic symptoms after the operation. The mean preoperative Nurick score was 3.0. At the end of follow-up after surgery, the mean Nurick score was 2.1. 

Conclusions: Occipitocervical fixation is a reasonable option to have spinal stability, achieve bone fusion and to get neurological improvement. The procedure can be complicated by certain conditions but these can safely be handled in experience hands.
Financial impact of COVID-19 on DPT students in the United States
Authors: Rotondo Amanda L.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an impact on students with a change in method of delivery of education, loss of employment, food insecurity and increased stress levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students in the US.
Methods: Nine hundred four DPT students participated in a cross-sectional survey study, completing a 47-question survey including information regarding demographics, level of financial concern, reasons for and consequences of financial concern, student loan debt and employment.
Results: Results indicate an overall increase in the level of financial concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than two-thirds of participants who were employed part-time had disruption of employment. African Americans report higher levels of financial concern compared to Caucasians (P < 0.05). Asian/Pacific Islanders, African Americans and Hispanics report higher difficulty purchasing food compared to Caucasians (P < 0.05). Those with household income levels below $100,000 report higher incidences of needing to purchase additional equipment for online learning compared to higher household income (P < 0.05). Two-thirds of them feel that their employment will be impacted upon graduation, with half anticipating $100,000 and up in student loan debt.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was considered to have a significant financial impact on DPT students. Race plays an important role when examining the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. DPT programs and employers need to be cognizant of the financial strain affecting DPT students and new graduates and seek support from government or private programs to assist students.
E-Learning Management- A Modern Approach to Digital India & Challenges in 21st Century
Authors: Ganesh Dr K.
Published: March 2022

E-Learning Management- A Modern Approach to Digital India & Challenges in 21st Century
Knowledge of Staff Nurses Regarding Benefits of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative
Authors: Vajantri Renuka P. , Rebinal Mahesh M.
Published: March 2022

Care of the new born and infants is required whether they are born healthy, small or unwell. It includes appropriate preventive care, routine care and care of sick and small babies. The success with which mortality and morbidity are prevented will depend to large extent on the commitment and expertise of health care workers responsible for new born care. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the Knowledge and effectiveness of Planned Teaching Module on BFHI for Staff Nurses working in Post-Natal Ward. Research Hypothesis: There will be significant difference in the knowledge of staff nurses who have attended the planned teaching module than those who did not attend. Methodology: The research approach for this study was an evaluative approach. The research design adopted was One group pre-test and post-test study design, to assess the knowledge of Staff Nurses regarding BFHI. The Probability sampling in which sample random sampling is used for the selection of the subject, which includes 70 staff nurses were selected. Result: The result of the study shows that, Knowledge of staff nurses on BFHI in pre-test 53% had low level of knowledge and 47% had high level of knowledge. In the post test only 20% had low knowledge and majority 80% had high level of knowledge. The study had concluded that, there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score after administration of Planned Teaching Module is accepted.
A descriptive study to assess the Knowledge Regarding Reproductive health among adolescent girls in Govt. Sr. Sec. Girls’ School, Jind, Haryana
Authors: Khatkar Suman
Published: March 2022

Background and aim: Reproductive health of vulnerable adolescent girls is a top priority in global Programme. Adolescent girls are at risk of AIDS and other STDs, unplanned pregnancy, childbirth, unwanted pregnancies, illegal and unsafe abortions. There are Adolescent girls make reproductive health decisions and choices based on their knowledge and the availability of such choices can either negatively or positively affect their lives. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding reproductive health among adolescent girl in govt. Girls School of Jind, Haryana. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study included 30 girls of govt. girl’s sr. sec. school of Jind by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with the help of structured knowledge questionnaire and data were collected method was self-reporting questionnaire and data analyzed by Descriptive by Chi Square and unpaired’ test. Girls with their selected socio demographic variables. Results: Half of the above of total sample 16 (53.33%) have low level of knowledge. Samples with average level of knowledge were 14 (46.67 %). None of the samples have very low, high and very high level of knowledge, there will be no significant association between level of knowledge on reproductive health and socio demographic variables. (Age, Religion, Educational Status of Mother, Residence, Monthly Income and Source of Information) Conclusion: A little above one half of the total sample 16 (53.33%) have low level of knowledge. Samples with average level of knowledge were 14 (46.67 %). None of the samples have very low, high and very high level of knowledge.
In Memoriam. Ramón Casas Vallés
Authors: Roca Trías Encarna
Published: March 2022

In Memoriam. Ramón Casas Vallés
多面向第二語言習得理論
Authors: 陳振宇 陳振宇
Published: March 2022

本書與坊間相關書籍的不同之處在於，雖也從理論出發，但會清楚地勾勒出理論與實務的連結，並以較多的篇幅採具體的示例做教學法的探討。本書將認知科學對人類認知、學習、語言的瞭解導入到探討第二語言的習得，同時加入作者個人的研究心得，預期將對國內華語教學及第二語言教學領域的研究與教學實務提供重要的貢獻。

作者簡介
陳振宇

現職：國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學系研究講座教授

學歷：美國紐約州立大學石溪分校心理學系博士

專長領域：語言與思考、認知語言學、心理語言學、對外華語教學研究

叢書總主編
鄭錦全

現職：中央研究院院士、國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所講座教授

研究領域：計算語言學、漢語方言學、數位華語文教學

張國恩

現職：東海大學校長

研究領域：行動學習、擴增實境、電腦模擬式學習、數位學習、智慧輔導系統

執行總主編
宋曜廷

現職：國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導教授兼副校長、高等教育深耕計畫辦公室執行長

研究領域：教育心理學、教育測驗與評量、心理學、數位學習理論與實務、教育心理學專題、社會及行為科學研究法、混合研究法、數位學習心理學、教學理論與教學策略專題、認知與學習、學術專業定向
Análisis no lineal de estructuras regulares de acero con pórticos especiales resistentes a momento utilizando OpenSees y Ceinci-Lab
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil – Quito, Ecuador., Guerrero Cuasapaz David Patricio , Maza Diaz Gregorio J.
Published: March 2022

El análisis no lineal constituye una parte fundamental dentro del diseño estructural, debido al comportamiento que las estructuras tendrán más allá del rango elástico. En la presente investigación se realizó el análisis de nueve edificaciones tridimensionales de acero, comprendidas entre cuatro y doce niveles, con pórticos especiales resistentes a momento SMF con conexiones RBS, se ejecutó el análisis y diseño para las estructuras tridimensionales en un software estructural. Posteriormente, se realizó el análisis estático no lineal para los pórticos SMF, utilizando el software OpenSees y las rutinas de CEINCI-LAB programadas en Matlab, estas proveen al investigador un enfoque alternativo a los paquetes computacionales comerciales. Se obtuvieron las curvas de capacidad, y se evidenció que todos los pórticos colapsaron en un promedio de 4.05 % de relación de desplazamiento de techo respecto a la altura total del edificio (Dt/HT). Por otro lado, se obtuvo el punto de desempeño por el método del espectro de capacidad y se evaluó el desempeño estructural. Adicionalmente, se comprobó la versatilidad del programa OpenSees al momento de converger, el tiempo computacional es considerablemente menor que los paquetes computacionales comerciales, permitiendo con mayor facilidad el cambio de modelos matemáticos, materiales, condiciones del modelo y solicitación de resultados adicionales, si así requiere el usuario.
Corporate Governance and Bank Liquidity Creation in Nigeria: Panel Vector Error Correction
Authors:   Lagos State University, Ojo, Soyebo Y.A. , Bamidele M.I. ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye
Published: March 2022

The study surveyed the influence of sound corporate governance on banks’ liquidity creation in Nigeria using secondary data gleaned from annual reports and accounts of Five (5) quoted Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria between 2013 and 2019. The obtained data were subjected to several preliminary and inferential statistical analyses, the result of the descriptive statistics and PVEC Model revealed that all the specified indicators of Corporate Governance, for example, Board Size, Board Independence, and Audit Committee exact a positive influence on Banks Liquidity creation, while only Board Independence and Audit Committee have a significant influence on Liquidity creation of the selected banks. Thus, the study suggested that bank managers and policymakers must ensure that DMBs continuously design and implement effective corporate governance mechanisms to enhance their liquidity.
MEASUREMENT OF RADIOISOTOPE CONCENTRATIONS IN HOSPITAL SEWAGE
Authors: SAEED NEBRAS RASHID , KOSAJ ANMAR DHERAR
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study is to know the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of (238U, 232Th, and 40K) in samples collected from the wastewater treatment system of Iraqi hospitals - in 2021, and using gamma ray spectrometry technology, which showed Results (The highest value of 214Pb in the sample N3 after treatment there is an increase (0.16 Â± 0.6211) higher than the global determinant (0.1Bq/l)*, the highest value of 203Hg (0.029 Â± 0.103) in the sample N4, the value is higher than the global determinant, while the rest of the isotopes it was less than the international limit. The highest value of 212Pb in the sample N3 before and after treatment there was an increase, as well as Av before and after treatment (1Â±0.1) (0.7Â±0.78) higher than the international limit (0.5Bq/l). The highest value of 224Ra in N3 sample (0.79 Â±1) is higher than the international limit (0.6Bq/l) before treatment. The rest of the isotopes were less than the international limit Radius equivalent (Raeq), absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose (internal and external), external risk index (Hex), internal risk index (Hin), and gamma index (Ig) mean values were determined. The Radiation Hazard Index has been determined to be safe for the general populace as well as the environment. The issue of determining radioisotope concentrations in hospital wastewater before and after treatment has never been addressed in previous research.
REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS AND AGROCHEMICALS RESIDUES THROUGH PLANTS
Authors: SHARMA AVINASH , MANPOONG CHOWLANI , SHARMA HEMANT , PANDEY HIMANSHU , SONI GAYTRI , SHARMA SUPRIYA , KUMARI NIRUPA , RAGHAVAN MEGHA
Published: March 2022

The present paper presents about removal of heavy metals, agrochemicals residues through natural plants. The removal of heavy metals residues and agrochemical residues with the interception of natural plants is called phytoremediation. The advancement of applied research produced various phytoremediation plants like weed plant, aquatic plant, tree and crops. The natural plant eradicates heavy metals and agrochemicals residues through phytostabilization, rhizodegradation, rhizofilteration, phytodegradation and phytovoltalization process. The terrestrial and aquatic plant eradicates heavy metals and agrochemicals residues from soil and water. Indian mustard removes 3 fold Cd, Pb, Se and Cs radioactive metals and diesel fuel spillage. Oryza sativa L. is cereal crop, removes Cu, Cd, from contaminated soil. Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) is vegetable crop, removes Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr from contaminated soil. Cicer arientinum is pulse crop, eradicates Pb and Cr from the contaminated soil. Pea is vegetable crop plant, removes Cd from the contaminated soil. Brassica napus L. oilseed crop, removes Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb from the contaminated soil. Cajanus cajan L. is pulse crop, removes As, Cd from the contaminated soil. Cucumis sativus L. is vegetable crop, removes Pb from the contaminated water. Annual grass and broad leaf weed removes atrazine, simazine, propazine, prometryn from the soil. Chenopodium album L., Hordeum juhatum L., Panicum capillare L., Nepeta cataria L., Caedus nutans L., Poa annua an Fostuca sp. removes atrazine, phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium. The phytoremediation plant recovers natural resources and restricts outbreak of diseases in the nature. Further, the scientific studies and research may build products of phytoremediation controlled plants for removing heavy metal and agrochemicals residue from the soil.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VERMICOMPOST USING AGROWASTES
Authors: W.A. MANJUSHA , P.K. DEEPA , J.S. JOSPHINE , RAJ S. AHIL
Published: March 2022

Agricultural waste disposal is a major problem in agricultural sector. The use of agricultural waste for making compost is a better way for waste management. On this aspect a study was conducted to make use of agricultural waste to a useful product that could be beneficial to agriculture. The experiment on vermicomposting using various agricultural wastes was performed to improve the quality of vermicompost. The effect of various agricultural wastes such as paddy straw T1, banana leaf T2 and banana pseudostem T3 wastes were determined. From the results of the study, it was found that vermicompost productivity was 58Â±1.3% in T1, 50.5Â±2.3% in T2 and 46.5Â±1.8% in T3. The result suggested that T3 (banana pseudostem + 30% cow dung) showed significantly higher NPK content (1.86Â±0.07, 0.88Â±0.02 and 1.74Â±0.02%) and short harvest period when compared to vermicomposting using paddy straw and banana leaf waste. The pH, EC and organic carbon were reduced in all the three (T1, T2 and T3) treatments. Hence from the current study, it was concluded that massive amount of banana pseudostem wasted after harvest can be used to make vermicompost with less effort and low cost with potential application in agriculture and thereby reduce air and land pollution.
DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS IN CHICKEN MEAT SOLD IN RETAIL OUTLETS OF CHENNAI CITY
Authors: METI MAHANTESH , DAIMARY BILIFANG , RAO V. APPA
Published: March 2022

Contaminated poultry meat is regarded as a major source of food-borne pathogens, so the present study was under taken to screen the raw broiler chicken breast meat samples for the presence of food-borne pathogens viz. Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus collected from different retail outlets in Chennai city, India. The presence of Salmonella spp., C. jejuni and S. aureus was assessed by cultural method and species-specific PCR assay. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out by targeting the invA, flaA and nuc gene for Salmonella spp., C. jejuni and S. aureus respectively. Out of 60 samples, the frequency of isolation of S. aureus and C. jejuni was 16.6 and 11.6% respectively by both the methods. However, in case of Salmonella spp. the isolation rate was noted to be 10% and 15% by cultural method and PCR assay respectively. The PCR assay was found to be more specific for identification of Salmonella spp. Cultural method combined with PCR assay would provide a holistic approach in terms of sensitivity and specificity with regards to identification of these food-borne pathogens. The above findings also indicate the need of creating awareness among general public and butchers operating retail meat shop regarding good hygienic practice before, after cooking and during processing of carcass. Identifying the source of these organisms at the farm level will also help to control the entry of these organisms in food.