bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Metric Learning-based Image Recognition Method
Authors: Sun Mingsi , Zhao Hongwei
Published: November 2021

Image recognition technology is an important branch of artificial intelligence research, using the computer to process, analyze and understand the image, in order to identify different patterns of objects. Image recognition technology is currently used in a wide range of applications, such as face recognition, fingerprint recognition, terrain survey, license plate recognition, etc. However, due to the possible existence of multiple categories in images, the blurring of graphic boundaries affects the results of image recognition. In this paper, we propose a multi-category multi-task image recognition method based on deep metric learning (MMDML). Specially, we combine triplet loss function and softmax loss function to construct the loss function, and take ResNet-50 network training to fit the optimal loss function for image recognition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, our method is compared with the other two methods on three common image recognition datasets, namely ImageNet, PASCALVOC, and Caltech. And the experimental results show that our algorithm has the highest Rank-1 and mAP on three datasets.
Copper macrocyclic complex with trans-di[benzo]-porphyrazine and two oxo ligands: DFT quantum-chemical design
Authors: Mikhailov Oleg V. , Chachkov Denis V.
Published: November 2021

Based on the results of a quantum chemical calculation using the DFT method in the OPBE/TZVP and B3PW91/TZVP, the possibility of the existence of a copper heteroligand complex with trans-di[benzo]derivative of 3,7,11,15-tetraazaporphine (trans-di[benzo]porphyrazine) and two oxygen (O[Formula: see text] ions that is still unknown for this element was shown. In addition, the data on the structural parameters, the multiplicity of the ground state, NBO analysis and standard thermodynamic parameters of formation (standard enthalpy [Formula: see text], entropy [Formula: see text] and Gibbs’s energy [Formula: see text] for this complex are presented.
Race in International Relations: Beyond the “Norm Against Noticing”
Authors: Freeman Bianca , Kim D.G. , Lake David A.
Published: November 2021

The global movement for racial justice and the rise of anti-Asian hate at the height of the pandemic have called new attention to race and racism in international politics. Although critical theorists have decried the “norm against noticing,” other scholars of international relations have long sidestepped the possible role of race in shaping contemporary international affairs. New studies of hierarchy in international relations open the door for new understandings of race in world politics. We propose an analytic framework for the relationship between racial hierarchy, international law, and foreign policy, demonstrating that race can help explain patterns of interstate interactions that sustain an unequal global order. Positing two faces of racism in international relations, we examine how race biases international law in practice and affects the assessment of foreign threats and national interest. We discuss key methodological challenges in empirical research on race in international relations, focusing on issues of measurement, aggregation, and causation.
Identification of Hub Gene GRIN1 Correlated with Histological Grade and Prognosis of Glioma by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis
Authors: Yang Aoran , Wang Xinhuan , Hu Yaofeng , Shang Chao , Hong Yang
Published: November 2021

The function of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 (GRIN1) in neurodegenerative diseases has been widely reported; however, its role in the occurrence of glioma remains less explored. We obtained clinical data and transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Hub gene’s expression differential analysis and survival analysis were conducted by browsing the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, Human Protein Atlas database, and LOGpc database. We conducted a variation analysis of datasets obtained from GEO and TCGA and performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) using the R programming language (3.6.3). Kaplan‐Meier (KM) analysis was used to calculate the prognostic value of GRIN1. Finally, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Using STRING, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Cytoscape software, a prerequisite of visualizing core genes, was installed, and CytoHubba detected the 10 most tumor‐related core genes. We identified 185 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses illustrated that the identified DEGs are imperative in different biological functions and ascertained the potential pathways in which the DEGs may be enriched. The overall survival calculated by KM analysis showed that patients with lower expression of GRIN1 had worse prognoses than patients with higher expression of GRIN1 (p = 0.004). The GEPIA and LOGpc databases were used to verify the expression difference of GRIN1 among GBM, LGG, and normal brain tissues. Ultimately, immunohistochemical assay results showed that GRIN1 was detected in normal tissue and not in the tumor specimens. Our results highlight a potential target for glioma treatment and will further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the treatment of glioma.
The Relationship between Aeroallergen Sensitization and Chronic Cough in School‐Aged Children from General Population
Authors: Sung Myongsoon , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Kim Ju Hee , Baek Hey Sung , Jee Hye Mi , Shin Youn Ho , Han Man Yong
Published: November 2021

Objective. Determining sensitivity to allergens is an essential step in diagnosing children with allergic diseases. Chronic cough has remained poorly understood with causative triggers. The purpose of our study was to shed light on the relationship between sensitization to aeroallergens and chronic cough. Methods. This population‐based study examined children (aged 7 years to 13 years) between June and July 2016. The 1,259 children, 72 of whom (5.7%) had a chronic cough, and 1,187 of whom (94.3%) did not (controls), completed the questionnaire, but 1,051 children completed skin prick tests (SPTs) with eight aeroallergens. Results. There were positive SPT results to at least 1 allergen in 549 children (52.2%). Sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) was most common (chronic cough = 46.9%; controls = 47.2%), followed by pollen (chronic cough = 21.9%; controls = 16.5%) in both groups, but there was no difference in allergic profile and sensitization to aeroallergen (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Multivariable analysis with adjustment for confounding indicated that children who were in sensitization to pollen had an increased risk of chronic cough (aOR = 2.387; 95% CI: 1.115 to 5.111; P = 0.025). Multivariable analysis with adjustment for confounding indicated that children who were exposed to current smoking (aOR = 4.442; 95% CI: 1.831 to 10.776; P = 0.001) and mold (aOR = 1.988; 95% CI: 1.168 to 3.383; P = 0.011) were associated with chronic cough. Conclusion. Sensitization to pollen should be considered as a potential contributing factor to the development of chronic cough in school‐aged children.
Perforated Duodenal Ulcer in a Young Nepalese Girl: An Infrequent Diagnosis for Age
Authors: Shrestha Ashish Lal , Shrestha Anusha
Published: November 2021

Perforated duodenal ulcer (PDU) is exceedingly uncommon in children. In a child with acute abdomen and pneumoperitoneum, an appendiceal etiology is more often suspected as a likely cause. Failure or delay to diagnose a PDU can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. We report a case of acute abdomen in a girl with PDU with a successful outcome. A 12-year-old school girl presented to emergency room (ER) with acute generalized abdominal pain for 2 days. Clinical examination revealed florid peritonitis, and abdominal radiographs showed free peritoneal air. At emergency laparotomy, PDU was noted with general peritoneal contamination. Omental patch repair and continued supportive care resulted in gradual improvement. PDU is an uncommon cause of peritonitis in children and poses significant challenges in management. Strong suspicion and prompt appropriate intervention is necessary to avoid untoward outcomes.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis and Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Surlin Petra , Lazar Luminita , Sincar Cerasella , Gheorghe Dorin Nicolae , Popescu Dora Maria , Boldeanu Virgil Mihail , Pitru Allma , Florescu Cristina , Rogoveanu Ion
Published: November 2021

The study is aimed at assessing the impact that periodontal disease and chronic hepatitis C could have on gingival crevicular fluid levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 (CASP-1), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) and at evaluating whether the increased local inflammatory reaction with clinical periodontal consequences is correlated to their upregulation. Patients were divided into four groups, according to their periodontal status and previously diagnosed hepatitis C, as follows: (i) CHC group, chronic hepatitis C patients; (ii) P group, periodontal disease patients, systemically healthy; (iii) CHC + P group, patients suffering from both conditions; and (iv) H group, systemically and periodontally healthy controls. Gingival crevicular samples were collected for quantitative analysis of the NLRP3 inflammasome, CASP-1, and IL-18. CHC + P patients expressed the worse periodontal status and the highest NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-18 levels, the difference being statistically significant (

p
<
0.05

). The P group patients also expressed significantly more elevated NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-18 levels, as compared to nonperiodontal patients (CHC and H groups). Chronic hepatitis C and periodontal disease could have a significant influence on the upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and its components, possibly contributing to an increased local inflammatory reaction and clinical periodontal consequences.
Rapid Screening and Estimation of Binding Constants for Interactions of Fe3+ with Two Metalloproteins, Apotransferrin and Transferrin, Using Affinity Mode of Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Al Bratty Mohammed , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Javed Sadique A. , Rehman Zia Ur , Najmi Asim , El-Sharkawy Karam A.
Published: November 2021

The interaction behavior of Fe3+ with transferrin and apotransferrin (iron-free form) was investigated in this study using affinity capillary electrophoresis. Change in the mass and charge of protein upon binding to the metal ion in the capillary tube led to variation in its migration time and was used to measure the noncovalent binding interactions by fast screening method. Acetanilide was used as the electroosmotic flow (EOF) marker to avoid possible errors due to the change in EOF during the experiment. The binding results were calculated from the mobility ratios of protein (Ri) and EOF marker (Rf) using the formula (Ri − Rf)/Rf or ∆R/Rf. For more comprehensive understanding, the kinetics of the interaction was studied and binding constants were calculated. Results showed that the Fe3+ displayed insignificant interaction with both proteins at lower metal ion concentrations (5–25 μmol/mL). However, transferrin exhibited significant interactions with the metal ion at 50 and 100 μmol/mL (ΔR/Rf = 0.0114 and 0.0201, resp.) concentrations and apotransferrin showed strong binding interactions (ΔR/Rf = −0.0254 and 0.0205, resp.) at relatively higher Fe3+ concentrations of 100 and 250 μmol/mL. The binding constants of 18.968 mmol−1 and −13.603 mmol−1 were recorded for Fe3+ interaction with transferrin and apotransferrin, respectively, showing significant interactions. Different binding patterns of Fe3+ with both proteins might be attributed to the fact that the iron-binding sites in transferrin have already been occupied, which was not the case in apotransferrin. The present study may be used as a reference for the investigation of protein-metal ion, drug-protein, drug-metal ion, and enzyme-metal ion interactions and may be helpful to provide preliminary insight into the new metal-based drug development.
Combustion Characteristics and NO Formation Characteristics Modeling in a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel Fuel and Biofuel
Authors: Gram Shou Jean Paul , Obounou Marcel , Enoh Tchame Rita , Babikir Mahamat Hassane , Kofané Timoléon Crépin
Published: November 2021

Compression ignition engine modeling draws great attention due to its high efficiency. However, it is still very difficult to model compression ignition engine due to its complex combustion phenomena. In this work, we perform a theoretical study of steam injection being applied into a single-cylinder four-strokes direct-injection and naturally aspirated compression ignition engine running with diesel and biodiesel fuels in order to improve the performance and reduce NO emissions by using a two-zone thermodynamic combustion model. The results obtained from biodiesel fuel are compared with the ones of diesel fuel in terms of performance, adiabatic flame temperatures, and NO emissions. The steam injection method could decrease NO emissions and improve the engine performances. The results showed that the NO formation characteristics considerably decreased and the performance significantly increased with the steam injection method. The relative errors for computed nitric oxide concentration values of biodiesel fuel and diesel fuel in comparison to the measured ones are 2.8% and 1.6%, respectively. The experimental and theoretical results observed show the highly satisfactory coincidences.
Gorenstein-Projective Modules over Upper Triangular Matrix Artin Algebras
Authors: Asefa Dadi
Published: November 2021

Gorenstein-projective module is an important research topic in relative homological algebra, representation theory of algebras, triangulated categories, and algebraic geometry (especially in singularity theory). For a given algebra

A

, how to construct all the Gorenstein-projective

A

-modules is a fundamental problem in Gorenstein homological algebra. In this paper, we describe all complete projective resolutions over an upper triangular Artin algebra

Λ
=

A

M

B

A

0

B

. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for all finitely generated Gorenstein-projective modules over

Λ
=

A

M

B

A

0

B

.
Potential Role of GST‐π in Lung Cancer Stem Cell Cisplatin Resistance
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Wei Jianping , Tu Xiaoyun , Ye Xiaoqun
Published: November 2021

Background. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Chemoresistance is a major challenge in the management of lung cancer. Glutathione‐sulphur‐transferase‐π (GST‐π) plays an important role in the origin and development of various types of cancer by regulating the cellular redox balance. Recent investigations have demonstrated that GST‐π is associated with the chemoresistance of lung CSCs (LCSCs). However, the mechanism of GST‐π in lung cancer, particularly in LCSCs, remains unclear. The present study is aimed at exploring the potential role of GST‐π in stemness and cisplatin (DDP) resistance of LCSCs. Materials and methods. In the present study, lung cancer cell spheres were established using the A549 cell line, which according to our previous research, was confirmed to exhibit characteristics of stem cells. Next, GST‐π protein expression, apoptosis percentage, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration in A549 adherent cells and A549 cell spheres were analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, DDP resistance, ROS concentration, and GST‐π expression in LCSCs were analyzed following the interference with GST‐π using DL‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulphoximine and N‐acetylcysteine. Results. The results revealed that GST‐π was highly expressed in A549 cell spheres compared with A549 adherent cells and was associated with a decreased intracellular ROS concentration (both P < 0.05). Regulating GST‐π protein expression could alter DDP resistance of LCSCs by influencing ROS. Conclusion. These results suggested that GST‐π may be important for LCSC drug resistance by downregulating ROS levels. These findings may contribute to the development of new adjuvant therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
Aerobic Exercise Increases Vascular Diameter of Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Andrade Francini Porcher , Nolasco Talmir , Knorst Marli Maria , Eidt Rovedder Paula Maria
Published: November 2021

Introduction: A healthy arteriovenous fistula (AVF) depends on adequate vessel diameter which can be maintained through aerobic exercises. A randomized crossover study was conducted to evaluate the acute effects of aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer on AVF vascular diameter, through ultrasound, and on blood pressure (BP). Methods: Eight hemodialysis (HD) patients completed 2 different occasions in random order with a 7-day washout: (a) exercising moment, in which 30-min aerobic exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer; and (b) resting moment, which was performed 30-min with the patient sitting in a chair. Both occasions were evaluated 1-h before the second weekly HD day. Results: A significant increase in AVF vascular diameter induced by 30-min aerobic exercise was found (1.15 ± 0.56 to 1.47 ± 0.66 cm; p = 0.042), whereas systolic (p = 0.105) and diastolic BP (p = 0.366) did not change. Conclusions: We can conclude that acute aerobic exercise was shown to be effective in improving the AVF vascular diameter in HD patients. The aerobic exercise benefits in endothelium-dependent vasodilation which may be an effective, practical, and economic strategy to maintain AVF patency.
Fallbericht: Analyse der zirkulierenden Tumor-DNA-Fraktion mittels Ultra-Low-Pass Whole-Genome Sequencing korreliert bei kleinzelligem Stage-IV-Zervixkarzinom mit Ansprechen auf Radiochemotherapie und Rezidivierung – Eine Längsschnittstudie
Authors: Abbas Ata , Gruner Morgan , Karohl Jennifer , Rose Peter G. , Joehlin-Price Amy , Stover Daniel , Mahid Haider
Published: November 2021

Das neuroendokrine Karzinom der Cervix uteri ist eine seltene und aggressive Form von Gebärmutterhalskrebs, die durch häufige Metastasierung schon bei Diagnosestellung und durch hohe Rezidivraten gekennzeichnet ist. Die Primärtherapie ist multimodal und beinhaltet oft eine Chemotherapie, zum Teil in Verbindung mit einer Strahlentherapie. Es liegen keine Daten vor, die Orientierung für das Vorgehen bei Rezidiven geben; Zweitlinientherapien werden aus Daten zum kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom abgeleitet. Die engmaschige Überwachung dieser Patientinnen im Hinblick auf Rezidive ist von größter Bedeutung. Dafür stellt die Bestimmung der zirkulierenden Tumor-DNA (ctDNA) im peripheren Blut eine attraktive, weil nicht-invasive Option dar. Mit dem ULP-WGS-Verfahren (ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing) lassen sich die Tumorlast und das Tumoransprechen beurteilen und Prognosen zur Rezidivierung abgeben; allerdings mangelt es bisher noch an Daten zur Rolle der ULP-WGS beim kleinzelligen Zervixkarzinom. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine Patientin vor, deren Chemotherapie-Ansprechen und Tumor-Rezidivierung durch die ctDNA-Analyse korrekt überwacht wurden, wie radiologische Befunde bestätigten.
Potentialities of Gene Therapy in Pediatric Endocrinology
Authors: Frontino Giulio , Stancampiano Marianna Rita , Aiuti Alessandro
Published: November 2021

Gene therapy has become an appealing therapeutic option in many pediatric fields, including endocrinology. Unlike traditional drugs based on molecules that require repeated and frequent burdensome administrations, a single genetic therapeutic intervention may allow durable and curative clinical benefits. Although this highly innovative technology holds a great promise for the treatment of monogenic diseases, its clinical applications in the field of endocrinology have been so far challenging. In this review, we will discuss various ex vivo and in vivo approaches and potential applications of gene addition and gene editing approaches for treating hyperfunctional and hypofunctional endocrine diseases due to intrinsic defects or autoimmune origin. We will focus on the recent advances in gene therapy approaches aimed at treating type 1 diabetes and monogenic forms of endocrinopathies such as growth hormone deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, diabetes insipidus, IPEX, as well as their trends and future directions.
Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From PARAGON‐HF
Authors: Mooney Leanne , Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Redfield Margaret M. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Desai Akshay S. , Rouleau Jean L. , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Shah Amil M. , Lefkowitz Martin P. , Zile Michael R. , Van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Anand Inder S. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Senni Michele , Claggett Brian L. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J. V.
Published: November 2021

Background

Little is known about the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and Results

We examined outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, according to COPD status, in the PARAGON‐HF (Prospective Comparison of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor With Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Global Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial. The primary outcome was a composite of first and recurrent hospitalizations for heart failure and cardiovascular death. Of 4791 patients, 670 (14%) had COPD. Patients with COPD were more likely to be men (58% versus 47%;
P
<0.001) and had worse New York Heart Association functional class (class III/IV 24% versus 19%), worse Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Scores (69 versus 76;
P
<0.001) and more frequent history of heart failure hospitalization (54% versus 47%;
P
<0.001). The decrement in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Scores with COPD was greater than for other common comorbidities. Patients with COPD had echocardiographic right ventricular enlargement, higher serum creatinine (100 μmol/L versus 96 μmol/L) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (2.7 versus 2.5), than those without COPD. After multivariable adjustment, COPD was associated with worse outcomes: adjusted rate ratio for the primary outcome 1.51 (95% CI, 1.25–1.83), total heart failure hospitalization 1.54 (95% CI, 1.24–1.90), cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10–1.82), and all‐cause death (adjusted HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.25–1.84). COPD was associated with worse outcomes than other comorbidities and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Scores declined more in patients with COPD than in those without.

Conclusions

Approximately 1 in 7 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction had concomitant COPD, which was associated with greater functional limitation and a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization and death.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier:
NCT01920711
.
Drug‐Coated Balloon Versus Plain Balloon Angioplasty for Hemodialysis Dysfunction: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Wolfers Matthew , Awan Bint‐e Zainab , Ali Issa , Lorenzana Adrian Michael , Smith Quinn , Tadros George , Yu Qian
Published: November 2021

Background

Both drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty and conventional plain balloon angioplasty (PBA) can be implemented to treat hemodialysis dysfunction. The present study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of these 2 approaches by conducting a meta‐analysis of available randomized controlled trials.

Methods and Results

PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were queried from establishment to January 2021. A total of 18 randomized controlled trials including 877 and 875 patients in the DCB and PBA groups, respectively, were included in the present meta‐analysis. Target lesion primary patency, circuit patency, target lesion revascularization, and mortality were pooled. Odds ratios (ORs) were reported with 95% CIs. Publication bias was analyzed with funnel plot and Egger test. Target lesion primary patency was higher among patients who underwent DCB (OR, 2.93 [95% CI, 2.13–4.03],
P
<0.001 at 6 months; OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.53–3.99],
P
<0.001 at 1 year). Also, the DCB group had a higher dialysis circuit patency at 6 months (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.56–3.77 [
P
<0.001]) and 1 year (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.22–3.00 [
P
=0.005]). Compared with the PBA group, the DCB group had lower odds of target lesion revascularization during follow‐up (OR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.23–0.82],
P
=0.001 at 6 months; OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.32–1.73],
P
=0.490 at 1 year). The OR of mortality was comparable between 2 groups at 6 months (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.42–3.33 [
P
=0.760]) and 1 year (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.58–1.48 [
P
=0.750]).

Conclusions

Based on evidence from 18 randomized controlled trials, DCB angioplasty is superior to PBA in maintaining target lesion primary patency and circuit patency among patients with dialysis circuit stenosis. DCB angioplasty also reduces target lesion revascularization with a similar risk of mortality compared with PBA.
Diet‐Derived Antioxidants Do Not Decrease Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study in 1 Million People
Authors: Martens Leon G. , Luo Jiao , Willems van Dijk Ko , Jukema J. Wouter , Noordam Raymond , van Heemst Diana
Published: November 2021

Background

Dietary intake and blood concentrations of vitamins E and C, lycopene, and carotenoids have been associated with a lower risk of incident (ischemic) stroke. However, causality cannot be inferred from these associations. Here, we investigated causality by analyzing the associations between genetically influenced antioxidant levels in blood and ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization.

Methods and Results

For each circulating antioxidant (vitamins E and C, lycopene, β‐carotene, and retinol), which were assessed as either absolute blood levels and/or high‐throughput metabolite levels, independent genetic instrumental variables were selected from earlier genome‐wide association studies (
P
<5×10
−8
). We used summary statistics for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms–stroke associations from 3 European‐ancestry cohorts (cases/controls): MEGASTROKE (60 341/454 450), UK Biobank (2404/368 771), and the FinnGen study (8046/164 286). Mendelian randomization analyses were performed on each exposure per outcome cohort using inverse variance–weighted analyses and subsequently meta‐analyzed. In a combined sample of 1 058 298 individuals (70 791 cases), none of the genetically influenced absolute antioxidants or antioxidant metabolite concentrations were causally associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke. For absolute antioxidants levels, the odds ratios (ORs) ranged between 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85–1.05) for vitamin C and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.99–1.08) for lycopene. For metabolites, ORs ranged between 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98–1.03) for retinol and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.88–1.42) for vitamin E.

Conclusions

This study did not provide evidence for a causal association between dietary‐derived antioxidant levels and ischemic stroke. Therefore, antioxidant supplements to increase circulating levels are unlikely to be of clinical benefit to prevent ischemic stroke.
Histone Methyltransferase Dot1L Contributes to RIPK1 Kinase‐Dependent Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Wang Jinghuan , Zhong Wen , Su Haibi , Xu Jie , Yang Di , Liu Xinhua , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: November 2021

Background

Neuron apoptosis is a pivotal process for brain damage in cerebral ischemia. Dot1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing 1‐like) is only known histone H3K79 methyltransferase. It is not clear whether the role and mechanism of Dot1L on cerebral ischemia is related to regulate neuron apoptosis.

Methods and Results

We use a combination of mice middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke and neurons exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation to investigate the role and mechanism of Dot1L on cerebral ischemia. We find knockdown or inhibition of Dot1L reversed ischemia‐induced neuronal apoptosis and attenuated the neurons injury treated by oxygen‐glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation. Further, blockade of Dot1L prevents RIPK1 (receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1)‐dependent apoptosis through increased RIPK1 K63‐ubiquitylation and decreased formation of RIPK1/Caspase 8 complexes. In line with this, H3K79me3 enrichment in the promoter region of deubiquitin‐modifying enzyme A20 and deubiquitinase cylindromatosis gene promotes the increasing expression in oxygen‐glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation ‐induced neuronal cells, on the contrary, oxygen‐glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation decreases H3K79me3 level in the promoter region of ubiquitin‐modifying enzyme cIAP1 (cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins), and both these factors ultimately cause K63‐deubiquitination of RIPK1. Importantly, knockdown or inhibition of Dot1L in vivo attenuates apoptosis in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice and reduces the extent of middle cerebral artery occlusion ‐induced brain injury.

Conclusions

These data support for the first time, to our knowledge, that Dot1L regulating RIPK1 to the apoptotic death trigger contributes to cerebral ischemia injury. Therefore, targeting Dot1L serves as a new therapeutic strategy for ischemia stroke.
A review of COVID-19 vaccination and the reported cardiac manifestations
Authors: Ho Jamie Sin Ying , Sia Ching-Hui , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Loh Poay Huan , Chew Nicholas Wen Sheng , Kong William Kok-Fai , Poh Kian-Keong
Published: November 2021

In Singapore, 9.03 million doses of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have been administered, and 4.46 million people are fully vaccinated. An additional 87,000 people have been vaccinated with vaccines in World Health Organization’s Emergency Use Listing. The aim of this review is to explore the reported cardiac adverse events associated with different types of COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 42 studies that reported cardiac side effects after COVID-19 vaccination were included in this study. Reported COVID-19 vaccine-associated cardiac adverse events were mainly myocarditis and pericarditis, most commonly seen in adolescent and young adult male individuals after mRNA vaccination. Reports of other events such as acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and stress cardiomyopathy were rare. Outcomes of post-vaccine myocarditis and pericarditis were good. Given the good vaccine efficacy and the high number of cases of infection, hospitalisation and death that could potentially be prevented, COVID-19 vaccine remains of overall benefit, based on the current available data.
Criminalization of Care: Drug Testing Pregnant Patients
Authors: McCabe Katharine
Published: November 2021

This article reveals how law and legal interests transform medicine. Drawing on qualitative interviews with medical professionals, this study shows how providers mobilize law and engage in investigatory work as they deliver care. Using the case of drug testing pregnant patients, I examine three mechanisms by which medico-legal hybridity occurs in clinical settings. The first mechanism, clinicalization, describes how forensic tools and methods are cast in clinical terminology, effectively cloaking their forensic intent. In the second, medical professionals informally rank the riskiness of illicit substances using both medical and criminal-legal assessments. The third mechanism describes how gender, race, and class inform forensic decision-making and criminal suspicion in maternal health. The findings show that by straddling both medical and legal domains, medicine conforms to the standards and norms of neither institution while also suspending meaningful rights for patients seeking care.
On mesoscale strain fluctuations in tensile tests on additively manufactured 17-4PH stainless steel
Authors: Bouaziz Mohamed Ali , Marae Djouda Joseph , Hild François
Published: November 2021

Additively manufactured materials usually exhibit mesoscale heterogeneities. Mesoscale fluctuations of strain fields in notched samples made of 17-4PH Stainless steel and loaded in tension are investigated. Regularized digital image correlation enables for the analysis of strain fluctuations at different length scales. Five tests on specimen fabricated with different printing parameters are studied. It is shown that the strain fluctuations have no characteristic length scale and are essentially independent of the probed processing parameters.
Evaluation of blood lead among painters of buildings and cars
Authors: Ghaffarian-Bahraman Ali , Taherifard Alireza , Esmaeili Abbas , Ahmadinia Hassan , Rezaeian Mohsen
Published: November 2021

Exposure to lead-based paints is a major threat to the health of painters. This study aimed to evaluate the blood concentration of lead (Pb) in painters of buildings and cars. The present study was a cross-sectional study in which a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic information. Lead concentration in blood samples was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. A total of 32 male painters were selected based on inclusion criteria. The mean blood lead level (BLL) in the painters was 8.1 ± 4.93 μg/dL. Pb levels in car and building painters were 9.42 ± 5.5 μg/dL and 6.7 ± 1.85 μg/dL, respectively. Pb concentration in none of the blood samples was more than 30 μg/dL. The prevalence of BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL and BLL ≥ 10 μg/dL was 97% and 19%, respectively. According to the findings, the rate of BLL among car painters was higher than building painters. Considering the presence of Pb in all blood samples, it seems necessary to increase the awareness of painters about the adverse effects of lead exposure even in low concentrations. However, the sample size in this study was small and more investigations are required in this regard.
Validity and reliability of patient reported outcomes measurement information system computerized adaptive tests in systemic lupus erythematous
Authors: Moazzami Mitra , Katz Patricia , Bonilla Dennisse , Engel Lisa , Su Jiandong , Akhavan Pooneh , Anderson Nicole , Tayer-Shifman Oshrat E , Beaton Dorcas , Touma Zahi
Published: November 2021

Background

The evaluation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive test (CAT) in adults with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is an emerging field of research. We aimed to examine the test–retest reliability and construct validity of the PROMIS CAT in a Canadian cohort of patients with SLE.

Methods

Two hundred twenty-seven patients completed 14 domains of PROMIS CAT and seven legacy instruments during their clinical visits. Test–retest reliability of PROMIS was evaluated 7–10 days from baseline using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC (2; 1)). The construct validity of the PROMIS CAT domains was evaluated against the commonly used legacy instruments, and also in comparison to disease activity and disease damage using Spearman correlations. A multitrait-multimethod matrix (MMM) approach was used to further assess construct validity comparing selected 10 domains of PROMIS and SF-36 domains.

Results

Moderate to excellent reliability was found for all domains (ICC [2;1] ranging from lowest, 0.66 for Sleep Disturbance and highest, 0.93 for the Mobility domain). Comparing seven legacy instruments with 14 domains of PROMIS CAT, moderate to strong correlations (0.51–0.91) were identified. The average time to complete all PROMIS CAT domains was 11.7 min. The MMM further established construct validity by showing moderate to strong correlations (0.55–0.87) between select PROMIS and SF-36 domains; the average correlations from similar traits (convergent validity) were significantly greater than the average correlations from different traits.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence on the reliability and validity of PROMIS CAT in SLE in a Canadian cohort.
Learners’ Satisfaction and Commitment Towards Online Learning During COVID-19: A Concept Paper
Authors: Ranadewa D. U. N. , Gregory T. Y. , Boralugoda D. N. , Silva J. A. H. T. , Jayasuriya N. A.
Published: November 2021

This study offers a comprehensive literature review on the gaps related to online learning efficiency and a structured conceptual model. The findings would be favourable for the learners, lecturers, future researchers, universities and other educational institutes. This study has presented the results of a systematic literature review on the factors affecting the efficiency of online learning and how they impact on satisfaction and commitment of learners. To conduct the literature review, approximately 40 empirical studies were reviewed and analysed. The results reveal that several factors, including academic issues, accessibility issues, technological skills, mental well-being and lecturer commitment, impact depreciating the online learning efficiency, which has made a significant impact on learner satisfaction and learner commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. If the pandemic would continue, the institutes can use the deliverables to figure out the difficulties encountered by the learners during the pandemic, how to prevent those issues and to search for a solution: to re-open the universities following necessary health guidelines or to resume delivering education online. The literature evaluates the impact of online learning efficiency on learners’ satisfaction and commitment, and there are no adequate empirical studies available for testing the online learning efficiency with respect to learners’ satisfaction and commitment. Hence, in identifying several gaps related to online learning efficiency, this study offers a new structured conceptual model.
An Anatomic Study of the Sural Nerve Using 3-Tesla MRI: A Comparison to Cadaveric Data With Surgical Applications
Authors: Ghetti Claudio B. , Mitchell Brendon C. , Shah Vrajesh J. , Wang Wilbur , Huang Brady , Kent William T. , Foran Ian M.
Published: November 2021

Background:

The sural nerve (SN) is a sensory cutaneous nerve that is at risk of iatrogenic injury during surgery at the lateral ankle. Prior anatomic studies of the SN are limited primarily to cadaveric studies with small sample sizes. Our study analyzed a large cohort of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the ankle to obtain a more generalizable, in vivo sample of distal SN course.

Methods:

A total of 204 3-tesla MRI studies of the ankle were analyzed. Three reviewers measured the distance from the SN to various landmarks including the distal tip of the lateral malleolus (DTLM) and the lateral border of the Achilles tendon (LBA).

Results:

Mean vertical distance from SN to DTLM was 2.2 cm (range, 0.9-3.6 cm). Mean horizontal distance from SN to DTLM and to LBA at the level of DTLM was 1.7 cm (range, 0.8-3.0 cm) and 1.9 cm (range, 1.0-2.9 cm), respectively. Mean horizontal distance from SN to LBA at the level of superior Achilles tendon insertion onto the calcaneus (SAI) was 2.6 cm (range, 1.4-3.7 cm), and mean horizontal distance from SN to LBA at 5 cm above SAI was 0.9 cm (range, 0.4-1.8 cm).

Conclusion:

The variation in SN course observed in our study allowed us to propose “safe zones” for several surgical approaches including the extensile lateral approach to the calcaneus (ELAC), the sinus tarsi approach (STA), the direct lateral approach to the lateral malleolus (DLA), and the posterolateral approach to the ankle (PLA), which we hope will minimize iatrogenic injury to the SN.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Epigenomic signatures in age-related macular degeneration: Focus on their role as disease modifiers and therapeutic targets
Authors: Caputo Valerio , Strafella Claudia , Termine Andrea , Fabrizio Carlo , Ruffo Paola , Cusumano Andrea , Giardina Emiliano , Ricci Federico , Cascella Raffaella
Published: November 2021

Epigenetics is characterized by molecular modifications able to shape gene expression profiles in response to inner and external stimuli. Therefore, epigenetic elements are able to provide intriguing and useful information for the comprehension and management of different human conditions, including aging process, and diseases. On this subject, Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) represents one of the most frequent age-related disorders, dramatically affecting the quality of life of older adults worldwide. The etiopathogenesis is characterized by an interplay among multiple genetic and non-genetic factors, which have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, a deeper dissection of molecular machinery associated with risk, onset, progression and effectiveness of therapies is still missing. In this regard, epigenetic signals may be further explored to disentangle disease etiopathogenesis, the possible therapeutic avenues and the differential response to AMD treatment. This review will discuss the epigenomic signatures mostly investigated in AMD, which could be applied to improve the knowledge of disease mechanisms and to set-up novel or modified treatment options.
The Emergence of Stereotyped Kinematic Synergies when Mice Reach to Grasp Following Stroke
Authors: Balbinot Gustavo , Denize Sebastien , Lagace Diane C.
Published: November 2021

Reaching tasks are commonly used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the acquisition of fine motor skills and recovery of function following stroke. These tasks are often used to assess functional deficits in the absence of quantifying the quality of movement which requires kinematic analysis. To meet this need, this study uses a kinematic analysis in mice performing the Montoya staircase task at 5 and 14 days following a cortical photothrombosis-induced stroke. Following stroke, the mice had reaching impairments associated with sustained deficits including longer, unsmooth, and less individuated paw trajectories. Two weeks after stroke we also detected the emergence of abnormal elbow and shoulder angles, flexion/extensions, and stereotyped kinematic synergies. These data suggest that proximal and distal segments acting in concert is paramount during post-stroke reaching and encourage further analysis of synergies within the translational pipeline of preclinical to clinical studies.
Assessing the Effects of Experiential Quality on Behavioural Intention of Customers in Banking Services: The Moderating Role of Experiential Satisfaction
Authors: Bag Sudin , Ray Nilanjan , Banerjee Bidisha
Published: November 2021

This article investigates the relationship between experiential quality and behavioural intention of the consumers towards banking services during the pandemic situation. The study also examines the role of experiential satisfaction as a moderator between experiential quality and behavioural intentions. The data are collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire from 560 account holders of public sector banks in India. The data are analysed using PLS-SEM to find the empirical results of the study. The results indicate that the experiential quality positively and significantly influence the behavioural intention of the consumers towards banking services during the crises. Moreover, it is also revealed that experiential satisfaction moderate the relationship between experiential quality and behavioural intention of consumers in public sector banks.
Small RNA sequencing reveals various microRNAs involved in piperine biosynthesis in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: Ding Yuanhao , Mao Yuyuan , Cen Yi , Hu Lisong , Su Yuefeng , Ma Xuemin , Long Lu , Hu Haiyan , Hao Chaoyun , Luo Jie
Published: November 2021

Background

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), an important and long-cultivated spice crop, is native to South India and grown in the tropics. Piperine is the main pungent and bioactive alkaloid in the berries of black pepper, but the molecular mechanism for piperine biosynthesis has not been determined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are classical endogenous noncoding small RNAs, play important roles in regulating secondary metabolism in many species, but less is known regarding black pepper or piperine biosynthesis.

Results

To dissect the functions of miRNAs in secondary metabolism especially in piperine biosynthesis, 110 known miRNAs, 18 novel miRNAs and 1007 individual targets were identified from different tissues of black pepper by small RNA sequencing. qRT-PCR and 5′-RLM-RACE experiments were conducted to validate the reliability of the sequencing data and predicted targets. We found 3 miRNAs along with their targets including miR166-4CL, miR396-PER and miR397-CCR modules that are involved in piperine biosynthesis.

Conclusion

MiRNA regulation of secondary metabolism is a common phenomenon in plants. Our study revealed new miRNAs that regulate piperine biosynthesis, which are special alkaloids in the piper genus, and they might be useful for future piperine genetic improvement of black pepper.
Expectant management of prolonged hemolysis following complete transcatheter coil closure of a patent ductus arteriosus after previous pulmonary artery banding: a case report
Authors: Hwang Mao-Sheng , Kuo Ching-Chia , Chung Hung-Tao , Hsu Hsin-Mao , Chu Jaw-Ji , Wang Chao-Jan
Published: November 2021

Background

Transcatheter coil occlusion has been the treatment of choice for closure of small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In spite of its safety, complications such as hemolysis still occasionally occur. And the hemolysis almost always occurs following partial transcatheter closure of PDA; hence, it occurs extremely rarely following complete transcatheter closure of PDA without residual ductal flow.

Case presentation

Here, we describe a male newborn who developed prolonged hemolysis following complete transcatheter coil closure of his PDA after previous palliative pulmonary artery banding. Over the following days, we corrected his refractory anemia by repeated blood transfusion with packed red blood cells and frequently monitored his hemoglobin, serum total bilirubin, and serum lactate dehydrogenase. We speculated that the high-velocity pulmonary blood flow jet coming into contact with the extruded part of the coil led to red blood cell mechanical injury, thereby resulting in the hemolysis. We adopted expectant management in expectation of the endothelialization of the coil with a resultant reduction in the hemolysis. The hemolysis, as expected, was reduced gradually until it spontaneously resolved 81 days after coil implantation.

Conclusions

This case reminds us that hemolysis can still potentially occur following complete transcatheter coil closure of PDA. It also highlights the importance of preventing coils from extruding into the pulmonary artery in patients after previous pulmonary artery banding.