bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the enantiomeric structure of hydrophobic polymers on the encapsulation properties of a second near infrared (NIR-II) fluorescent dye for in vivo deep imaging
Authors: Ichihashi Kotoe , Umezawa Masakazu , Ueya Yuichi , Okubo Kyohei , Takamoto Eiji , Matsuda Takashi , Kamimura Masao , Soga Kohei
Published: January 2022

The enantiomeric structure of PLA affects its affinity for OTN-NIR fluorescent IR-1061 dye and its robustness when forming hydrophobic core micelles.
Synthesis of a grape-like conductive carbon black/Ag hybrid as the conductive filler for soft silicone rubber
Authors: Dou Yanli , Gu Haijing , Sun Shixiang , Yao Weiguo , Guan Dongbo
Published: January 2022

Schematic of the fabrication procedure of SMCB@Ag with the grape-like structure.
Selective catalytic reduction of NOx by low-temperature NH3 over MnxZr1 mixed-oxide catalysts
Authors: Zhang Shuaibo , Li Haixia , Zhang Anchao , Sun Zhijun , Zhang Xinmin , Yang Changze , Jin Leying , Song Zhiheng
Published: January 2022

MnxZr1 series catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method.
Steps, hops and turns: examining the effects of channel shapes on mass transfer in continuous electrochemical reactors
Authors: Stephen Hamish R. , Boyall Sarah , Schotten Christiane , Bourne Richard A. , Kapur Nikil , Willans Charlotte E.
Published: January 2022

Solution moving through an electrode, hence hopping from one electrode to another, has the greatest effect on an electrochemical reaction when compared to simple turns within a flow channel.
Overcoming peri- and ortho-selectivity in C–H methylation of 1-naphthaldehydes by a tunable transient ligand strategy
Authors: Mao Yujian , Jiang Jing , Yuan Dandan , Chen Xiuzhen , Wang Yanan , Hu Lihong , Zhang Yinan
Published: January 2022

This work provides a highly regioselective peri- and ortho-C–H methylation of 1-naphthaldehyde by using a transient ligand strategy, enabling practical synthesis of multi-substituted naphthalene-based bioactive molecules and natural products.
Fully fused boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: their synthesis, structure–property relationships, and self-assembly behavior in aqueous media
Authors: Narita Hiroki , Choi Heekyoung , Ito Masato , Ando Naoki , Ogi Soichiro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: January 2022

A series of fully fused boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is synthesized. Self-assembly of an amphiphilic derivative can be controlled by addition of a Lewis base or an acid in aqueous media.
An asymmetric 2,3-fluoranthene imide building block for regioregular semiconductors with aggregation-induced emission properties
Authors: Sun Xianglang , Liao Ming-Yun , Yu Xinyu , Wu Ying-Sheng , Zhong Cheng , Chueh Chu-Chen , Li Zhen , Li Zhong'an
Published: January 2022

A new electron-deficient 2,3-fluoranthene imide unit was easily synthesized through a one-pot reaction for constructing small molecule regioregular semiconductors with good carrier transport ability and strong solid-state emission.
Promoting interfacial charge transfer by B/N co-doping enables efficient ORR catalysis of carbon-encapsulated Fe2N
Authors: Xie Zhi , Li Qiaoling , Peng Xingkai , Wang Xuewei , Guo Lingli , Zhang Xinghua , Lu Zunming , Yang Xiaojing , Yu Xiaofei , Li Lanlan
Published: January 2022

B/N co-doping carbon shell encapsulated Fe2N nanoparticles to catalyze ORR. Pyridinic-N and C–N–B sites are active sites to facilitate electron traverse from the Fe2N to the carbon shell, and tailor the electronic properties of the carbon layer towards high ORR activity.
Crystal-reconstructed BiVO4 semiconductor photoelectrochemical sensor for ultra-sensitive tumor biomarker detection
Authors: Li Yang , Dai Xianying , He Lin , Bu Yuyu , Ao Jin-Ping
Published: January 2022

Development of a crystal-reconstructed semiconductor aptamer photoelectrochemical multi-tumor detection biosensor with ultra-sensitivity via a high-energy laser treatment technique.
Self-assembled nanoparticles based on supramolecular-organic frameworks and temoporfin for an enhanced photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xu Zi-Yue , Mao Weipeng , Zhao Zizhen , Wang Ze-Kun , Liu Yue-Yang , Wu Yan , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan-Wei , Li Zhan-Ting , Ma Da
Published: January 2022

Self-assembled nanoparticles based on supramolecular-organic frameworks and temoporfin demonstrate improved photo cytotoxicity in vitro and anti-tumor efficacy in vivo due to a reduced aggregation-induced quenching effect.
Binary dimeric prodrug nanoparticles for self-boosted drug release and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Youwei , Pei Qing , Yue Ying , Xie Zhigang
Published: January 2022

The dimeric prodrug nanoplatforms could generate 1O2 for photodynamic therapy upon laser irradiation, and simultaneously break the thioketal linker to release paclitaxel for amplifying chemotherapy, thus realizing synergistic antitumor effect.
Effective models for TADF: the role of the medium polarizability
Authors: Phan Huu D. K. Andrea , Saseendran Sangeeth , Painelli Anna
Published: January 2022

Building on an effective model Hamiltonian for DMAC–TRZ, a non-adiabatic approach is proposed to estimate (reverse) inter-system crossing rates and to address the role of the polarizability of the matrix in the properties of TADF emitters.
Emergence of high superconductivity in a layered TaS3 crystal
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Fei Ge , Liu Yunxian , Chen Xin , Liu Xiaobing
Published: January 2022

A novel layered P21/m TaS3 is revealed to have the highest superconducting Tc of 23.6 K at 50 GPa among the reported transition metal chalcogenides. The high Tc mainly arises from the nested Fermi surface and induced softened low-frequency phonons.
Fragile magnetic ordering between robust 2D-ferrimagnets in the AFe3(SeO3)2F6 (A = K, Rb, Cs) series
Authors: Yang Haoming , Mentré Olivier , Zhu Tianyu , Minaud Claire , Ritter Clemens , Zhang Xinan , Jin Yong , Lü Minfeng
Published: January 2022

Weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy and breaking under field of the interlayer AFM exchanges in AFe3(SeO3)2F6 (A = K, Rb, Cs).
Orchestrating serine/threonine phosphorylation and elucidating downstream effects by short linear motifs
Authors: Kliche Johanna , Ivarsson Ylva
Published: January 2022

Cellular function is based on protein–protein interactions. A large proportion of these interactions involves the binding of short linear motifs (SLiMs) by folded globular domains. These interactions are regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, that create and break motif binding sites or tune the affinity of the interactions. In addition, motif-based interactions are involved in targeting serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases to their substrate and contribute to the specificity of the enzymatic actions regulating which sites are phosphorylated. Here, we review how SLiM-based interactions assist in determining the specificity of serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases, and how phosphorylation, in turn, affects motif-based interactions. We provide examples of SLiM-based interactions that are turned on/off, or are tuned by serine/threonine phosphorylation and exemplify how this affects SLiM-based protein complex formation.
Auditory model-based estimation of the effect of head-worn devices on frontal horizontal localisation
Authors: Lladó Pedro , Hyvärinen Petteri , Pulkki Ville
Published: January 2022

Auditory localisation accuracy may be degraded when a head-worn device (HWD), such as a helmet or hearing protector, is used. A computational method is proposed in this study for estimating how horizontal plane localisation is impaired by a HWD through distortions of interaural cues. Head-related impulse responses (HRIRs) of different HWDs were measured with a KEMAR and a binaural auditory model was used to compute interaural cues from HRIR-convolved noise bursts. A shallow neural network (NN) was trained with data from a subjective listening experiment, where horizontal plane localisation was assessed while wearing different HWDs. Interaural cues were used as features to estimate perceived direction and position uncertainty (standard deviation) of a sound source in the horizontal plane with the NN. The NN predicted the position uncertainty of localisation among subjects for a given HWD with an average estimation error of 1°. The obtained results suggest that it is possible to predict the degradation of localisation ability for specific HWDs in the frontal horizontal plane using the method.
Perceived risk factors in the process of closure and greening of the Lupeni mining operation for the miner workplace
Authors: Savulescu Manuel Cristian , Tataru Andreea Cristina , Stanci Aurora , Tataru Dorin , Radu Sorin Mihai
Published: January 2022

Determining the risk factors of a job is a process that requires many studies. Determining risk factors is necessary to prevent accidents at work. The process of closing and greening the Lupeni Mining Exploitation is a very complex one. The closure of the mining operation is done in stages for the underground and the surface based on a closure project. When implementing the closure and greening project, all occupational safety and health regulations must be observed. As part of the process of closing and greening a mining operation, it is necessary to redo the risk factor assessment sheets with additional measures for the closure and greening of the mining operation. In this paper we intend to establish the risk factors for the miner workplace within the Lupeni Mining in the process of closure and greening.
Determination of flammability parameters for organic waste resulting from the processing of sunflower seeds
Authors: Szollosi-Moța Andrei , Prodan Maria , Nălboc Vasilica Irina , Șuvar Niculina Sonia
Published: January 2022

Agricultural waste is found in abundance in the environment, whether it is the plant itself represented by the stem, leaf or seeds that have been peeled or other waste. By drying and crushing the residues from the plants, organic powders will be formed with a variable granulation and humidity. Through the processing of oilseeds such as sunflower seeds, significant amounts of waste from seeds result. Seed shells resulting from technological processes crumble, forming fine powders, whose granulations are different. A certain percentage will be 63μm or smaller and if those fine powders are mixed with air can form clouds with explosive properties. The purpose of this paper was to determine the minimum ignition layer and cloud temperatures. Experimental determination of flammability parameters is particularly important in order to take the proper safety measures so that accidents can be avoided.
Digital human factor management
Authors: Ivanov Yuri , Voroshilov Alexei , Novikov Nikolai , Todradze Konstantin
Published: January 2022

Now culture of manage safety, health and wellbeing in the mining industry needs a scientifically sound new approach to the training process for professionals at all levels. Insufficient qualification of employees and managers in occupational safety, health and wellbeing has a negative impact on the occupational injury rate, and the current occupational safety, health and wellbeing management system does not allow to instill in employees compliance with the requirements for their own safety. To improve the quality of employees training in safe work practices and to ensure their health, safety and wellbeing in processes, a new training process has been developed and implemented based on a video-based continuous learning system. The innovation will make it possible to manage the human factor by improving employees competence, increasing the efficiency of the system OSH management, taking prompt corrective action, reducing injury rates and retaining human resources.
Analysis of the use of transformable elements in intelligent tunnel ventilation systems
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Ilias Nicolae , Radu Sorin Mihai , Nozadze Giorgi , Tsanava David
Published: January 2022

All main and auxiliary equipment in the tunnel with an intelligent ventilation system are designed to ensure the safety. These systems “talk” and “listen” to each other, make decisions to switch on/off certain system(s) or part(s) thereof and duly inform the tunnel operator, who is authorized to the centralized control of all systems of necessity. The present article uses the numerical models to assess the efficiency of the transformable elements ensuring safe operation of the tunnels. The idea of their use is based on an artificial increase of the tunnel aerodynamic resistance by means of a flexible element, which will hamper the dissemination of combustion products, but not the movement of people through the tunnel and will help isolate clean and polluted air masses. Such resistance will be used to swiftly divide the tunnel carriageway into smaller sections what will help extinguish the fire as early as at its initial stage, prolong the evacuation time and save lives during the strong uncontrollable fires. As for the compact transformable element, it can be used in both, the operating and the planned tunnels, as it in practice does not reduce the volume of valuable underground space.
Speed distribution in the exhaust diffuser of the air fan
Authors: Gherghe Ion , Cioclea Doru , Rădoi Florin , Chiuzan Emeric , Drăgoescu Răzvan
Published: January 2022

A perfect connection between the column and the fan is that which ensures an air inlet in the fan, evenly distributed, over the entire surface of the suction mouth and an air outlet from the fan outlet made in a way that allows the full use of developed pressure. For both suction and exhaust, fans must be equipped with a device/diffuser. When the fan discharges freely into the atmosphere without any connection, a loss equivalent to 50% of the average dynamic pressure at the discharge port occurs. If the fan discharges into a speaker, the loss depends on its angle. At a peak angle of 30° corresponds to a loss of ≈ 25% of the average dynamic pressure in the discharge mouth, and to reduce air vortices the speakers must be built at an angle of inclination to vertical or horizontal between 12- 15°, in order to reduce the aerodynamic resistances. The paper will present the speed field distribution of an axial fan located on a circular duct, provided on the air discharge side with a diffuser with a length of 1.5 m, at an angle of inclination to the vertical or horizontal of 12°.
Construction and safety aspects for the arrangement of mobile explosive deposits
Authors: Laszlo Robert , Ilici Stefan , Nicola Aurelian , Usurelu Stefan , Zamblau Ionut
Published: January 2022

The execution of the blasting works involves the management of the problem of storage of explosive materials. This aspect is easier to solve in the case of mines activities with long exploitation time and where storage capacities are arranged, according to the legislation that provides constructive and safety criteria depending on the type and quantity of explosive materials stored. In the case of isolated blasting works, those for road construction, building demolition, underwater or forestry, etc., storage facilities must be arranged for shorter periods of time and smaller capacity, but which must comply with security, environmental and risk requirements, such as high-capacity deposits with long duration of activity. Considering that for the execution of such blasting works, the national legislation provides the possibility of arranging temporary explosive depots, of small capacity, but without specifying the constructive details and the necessary safety requirements to be observed, mentioning only that they must be executed on the basis of a specialized project. This paper presents a series of tests conducted by INSEMEX, in order to establish recommendations regarding the constructive and safety requirements that must be observed when designing and building mobile explosive depots.
Specific aspects on the adequate selection of electric equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
Authors: Moldovan Lucian , Magyari Mihai , Fotău Dragoș , Moldovan Clementina Sabina
Published: January 2022

When using electrical equipment in installations operating in hazardous areas endangered by potentially explosive atmospheres, care shall be taken also to the selection of such equipment. The correct selection of equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres must be considered in the design phase of an installation and verified in the mounting phase. Equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres must be designed, manufactured and placed on the EU market considering the provisions of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU. In order to adequately select the electrical equipment, the provisions of the regulations in force must be considered together with the provisions of applicable standards.
Considerations regarding the choice of cable glands for electrical equipment used in potentially explosive atmospheres
Authors: Rad Marcel Daniel , Fotau Dragos , Sălăsan Diana , Zsido Sorin
Published: January 2022

The evaluation of explosion-proof electrical equipment for certification is particularly important given the risk of explosion and must be minimized. This in order to ensure the safety of life, health of workers, to prevent damage to goods and the environment when they meet the essential security requirements at European level. Directive 2014/34 / EU states that equipment used in explosive atmospheres must be designed to operate without endangering the environment for which it is intended. This paper presents a comparison between the different types of cable glands for electrical apparatus by comparing some common characteristics that are important for maintaining the integrity of explosion protection. Consequently, this paper intends to be the precursor of a practical guide for the selection and implementation of different types of protection on the apparatus intended for use in areas with hazard of explosive atmospheres, both for designers and manufactures. This state of fact is negatively more emphatic because, lately, the groups of standards from this field in the world, Europe and Romania have a peculiar dynamic caused especially by the homogenisation and generalisation process opened and maintained by IEC.
Career orientation, development and evolution based on personal skills and aptitudes
Authors: Buta Bianca
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to bring forward the importance of the implementation of personal development and evolution programs within the educational systems. Combined with coaching techniques that help establish emotional balance and achieve positive changes with long-term effects, these programs are meant to bring together the educational offer and demand and match them with the labor market requirements. In the context of aligning educational policies at European level, an innovative and future-oriented approach is needed, reflecting current trends without sacrificing traditional values, which focus on classical teaching methods, but combining them with modern educational techniques. The proposed theme meets the current needs of the younger generations by identifying through the Holland Test skills and attitudes that allow lifelong learning and by creating learning contexts tailored to the needs of students, connected to the ever-changing world. The aim of the research is to identify programs that lead to the activation of a person’s potential to maximize their performance through various coaching techniques and professional development programs carried out in internships, as well as in customized programs carried out in several stages, which combines traditional teaching techniques with modern ones (online school, new technologies, skills development).
Research on the continuation of mining works in the license perimeter of the Peşteana Nord quarry
Authors: Ciolea Daniela Ionela , Bobei Vasile , Rusu Tiberiu , Ionel Ioana , Rusu Tudor Andrei
Published: January 2022

Exploitation works at the North Pesteana Quarry is located in areas with mineral energy resources, and contributes to ensuring the country’s energy security, based on an efficient system of supply of primary resources, production, transport, distribution and supply, to ensure food of all consumers in terms of accessibility, availability and affordability of prices, taking into account the evolution of the quality of the environment. The exploitation surface is isolated from the protected area Jiu Corridor ROSCI0045 through the neighborhoods from the eastern limit-the regularization channel of the river Jiu and the villages Balteni, Peșteana Jiu, Cocoreni, Olari and the neighborhoods from the western limit - the villages Valea cu Apa, Pesteana de Jos, Hotaroasa, Urdari. Lignite mining works do not affect the integrity of the protected natural area; by carrying out the works, the artificial barriers between the natural and the anthropic terrain are not created. The paper presents the results of the research undertaken in 2019 through the technical expertise in File no. 14666/3/2017*, Archive of the Bucharest Tribunal [1]. Measures are proposed to prevent, reduce and, where possible, offset significant adverse effects on the environment, including: measures for the protection of water quality, air quality, protection against noise and vibration, in the field of soil and subsoil quality, biodiversity and measures for the rehabilitation of the land for its subsequent use, etc.
Assessment of productivity in different thermal working environments
Authors: Krawczyk Natalia
Published: January 2022

In the paper the assessment of subjective productivity is presented as a function of indoor environment parameters on the example of students situated in the intelligent building. The volunteers in several different rooms (of various air temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration) filled in the questionnaires and assessed their current productivity. It might be related to both the educational performance and office work of low intensity. The physical parameters were measured with the microclimate high accuracy meter. The data obtained during the measurements of the indoor air parameters were compared with the subjective assessments of the volunteers and conclusions were drawn as to the impact of the working environment on the productivity of room users. The gathered experimental material might be useful for the building managers, so that proper indoor conditions within buildings might be applied that maximize productivity and working performance.
Environmental and ecotoxicological risk assessment of pollution with light crude oil for an oil exploatation field
Authors: Simion Alexandru Florin , Găman Angelica Nicoleta , Găman George Artur , Drăgoi Ionuț , Ghiță Cătălina
Published: January 2022

Global development of transportation dependent on internal combustion engines, involves major increases in the consumption of fossil fuels obtained by extracting crude oil from depths by means of wells and refining it. In this context, protection of environment and groundwater quality is an increasingly difficult objective to maintain, requiring modern methods to address possible negative effects on the environment. The current research assesses the degree of eco-toxicological and environmental risk for an oil exploitation area in case of an accidental pollution scenario with crude oil. The entire risk spectrum was analysed through a set of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment tools to highlight and quantify the most important effects caused by petroleum products on biotope and biocenoses. The primary aim of the research is to identify vulnerable environmental reservoirs for accidental oil pollution and to establish the best tools to quantify the environmental and ecotoxicological risk of groundwater contamination. The results obtained from the area showed a low to medium risk of contamination of the saturated and unsaturated area with crude oil expressed as TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) and a low risk of contamination with volatile organic compounds type BTEX associated contamination of biocenoses that can directly or indirectly interact with potentially polluted areas.
A review of the impact of mining operations on sustainable development
Authors: Trocan Ciprian , Mocan Marian , Cioca Lucian-Ionel , Ivascu Larisa , Ardelean Rebeca
Published: January 2022

Global annual extraction has increased due to market demand. It is anticipated that this aspect will continue in the future. The mining industry is one of the important industries at national level. It also anticipates certain aspects of sustainability that must be seriously evaluated. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate mine waste reuse, pollution, and recycling in mining industries. At the same time, mining operations are evaluated to carry out a review of the implications for sustainability. In order to achieve the research aspects, a qualitative evaluation and a semi-quantitative evaluation of some data series are used. For the entire research approach, the objectives of sustainable development and its principles are used. At the same time, the results emphasize the importance of the existence of an efficient waste and pollution management.
The impact of efficient insulation on thermal performance of building elements in hot arid region
Authors: Abdulsada Ghanim Kadhem , Salih Tawfeeq Wasmi Mohammed
Published: January 2022

The application of thermal insulation technique for buildings in hot arid region still under development and requires investigation for many aspects, especially those related to the individual elements of the construction. The present study investigates the impact of efficient insulation on the thermal performance of the following construction elements: wall, roof and foundation. The techniques used for the insulation have followed the Passive House criteria. The study introduces many benefits for passive design of the building in extreme hot climate. The work has done experimentally in Kirkuk, Iraq for two building models; one is efficiently insulated and the other is traditional. The data, which are collected in summer time, show reduction in indoor temperature of the efficient model by 8 °C in average comparing to that of traditional one. Measurements show stability in the internal wall temperatures for efficient model with an average temperature of 33 °C comparing to 42 °C for traditional one. Similarly, the insulated roof radiates less heat into the indoor than that of traditional model. Furthermore, the effect of both efficient insulated roof and canopy shading reduces the temperature of internal surface temperature of the roof by 12 °C comparing to the traditional model. A local simulation program based on ASHRAE relations has shown an energy saving in the cooling load up to 70%.
Roof-mounted photovoltaic generator temperatue modeling based on common brazil roofing materials
Authors: Guimarães Bernardo de Souza , Farias Lucas , Filho Delly Oliveira , Kazmerski Lawrence , Cardoso Diniz Antonia Sônia A.
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the performance of solar photovoltaic generators on roofs of residential buildings. The primary focus is the loss of performance due to temperature increase as function of roof material and the distance from the photovoltaic (PV) generator to the roof. A heat transfer model has been developed to predict PV module temperature, and the equations of the model were solved using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The research modeling correlates the distance of the solar generator to the roof and the roofing material with the temperature variations in the PV generator. There are many models to predict PV module temperature, but this study refines the prediction by the distance from PV module to roof and the roofing material as variables. Optimal combinations of distance and materials that minimize the heating loss in the solar generator leading to increased electrical power generation. Results show an average error of 3%–4% from the temperature predicted by the model to the temperature measured under experimental conditions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The minimum roof-module separation required to ensure minimal PV performance loss from heating from the roof is ∼10 cm for red ceramic and cement fiber roofs. For galvanized steel, the optimal distance is between 20 cm and 30 cm. Cement fiber shows the best predicted and measured characteristics for PV-panel roof mounting among the 3-common commercial roofs evaluated in these studies. These investigations were based on roof installations and local materials in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Barriers and perspectives for the expansion of wind farms in BRAZIL
Authors: Ramos Júnior Mário Joel , Figueiredo Paulo Soares , Travassos Xisto Lucas
Published: January 2022

The use of renewable sources for electricity generation has as main benefits the preservation of natural resources, security in the distribution of electricity and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Research has shown that the participation of wind in the Brazilian electrical matrix has increased considerably in recent years, despite the existence of multiple barriers to the implementation of wind farms in the country. This study aims to identify and evaluate the current barriers to the expansion of wind farms in Brazil, suggesting ways to overcome them. Based on a systematic review of the literature, the evaluation of the complexity level and associated risk, the barriers were categorized into seven groups. The results indicated that four barriers are more relevant in relation to the expansion of wind farms in Brazil: unstable macroeconomic environment, government policy uncertainty, system constraints, and lack of infrastructure. On this basis, apart from the recent growth of wind energy in Brazil, actions must be taken to mitigate the identified barriers, as the most complex barriers need government intervention to be removed or mitigated, since the electricity market is highly regulated and complex in Brazil. Further research is needed to rank and analyze more deeply the barriers that were identified here, through interviews with stakeholders and visits to wind farms.
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Hypoglossal Nerve in the Lateral Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction: A Study on Fresh Non-Formalin-Fixed Human Specimens
Authors: Pescatori Lorenzo , Tropeano Maria Pia , Piccirilli Manolo , Ciappetta Pasqualino
Published: January 2022

The aim of this anatomical study is to describe the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve (HN) from its origin to the extracranial portion as it appears by performing a combined posterolateral and anterolateral approach to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Twelve fresh, non-formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads (24 sides) were analyzed for the simulation of the combined lateral approach to the CVJ. The HN is divided into three main parts: cisternal, intracanalicular, and extracranial The anatomical relationships between the HN and other nerves, muscles, arteries and veins were carefully recorded, and some measurements were made between the HN and related structures. Thus, various landmarks were determined for the easy identification of the HN. Understanding the detailed anatomy of the HN and its relationships with the surrounding structures is crucial to prevent some complications during CVJ surgery.
Decompression of the Greater Occipital Nerve for Occipital Neuralgia and Chronic Occipital Headache Caused by Entrapment of the Greater Occipital Nerve
Authors: Son Byung-chul
Published: January 2022

Background Chronic entrapment of the greater occipital nerve (GON) can not only manifest in typical stabbing pain of occipital neuralgia (ON) but also lead to continuous ache and pressure-like pain in the occipital and temporal areas. However, the effect of GON decompression on these symptoms has yet to be established. We report the follow-up results of GON decompression in typical cases of ON and chronic occipital headache due to GON entrapment (COHGONE).

Methods A 1-year follow-up study of GON decompression was conducted on 11 patients with typical ON and 39 COHGONE patients with GON entrapment. The degree of pain reduction was analyzed using the numerical rating scale-11 (NRS-11) score and percent pain relief before and 1 year after surgery. A success was defined by at least a 50% reduction in pain measured via NRS-11 during the 12-month follow-up. To assess the degree of subjective satisfaction, a 10-point Likert scale was used. Postoperative outcome was also evaluated using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity score. The difference in GON decompression between the patients with typical ON and those with COHGONE was studied.

Results GON decompression was successful in 43 of 50 patients (86.0%) and percent pain relief was 72.99 ± 25.53. Subjective improvement based on a 10-point Likert scale was 7.9 ± 2.42 and the BNI grade was 2.06 ± 1.04. It was effective in both the ON and COHGONE groups, but the success rate was higher in the ON group (90.9%) than in the COHGONE group (84.6%), showing statistically significant differences in the results based on average NRS-11 score, percent pain relief, subjective improvement, and BNI grades (p < 0.05, independent t-test).

Conclusion GON decompression is effective in chronic occipital headache and in ON symptoms induced by GON entrapment.
Is There a Link between COVID-19 and Periodontal Disease? A Narrative Review
Authors: Grigoriadis Andreas , Räisänen Ismo T. , Pärnänen Pirjo , Tervahartiala Taina , Sorsa Timo , Sakellari Dimitra
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic greatly affected human well-being, social behavior, global economy, and healthcare systems. Everyday clinical practice in dentistry has been adjusted to the increased hazards of aerosol production by routine dental procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the existing literature to determine possible mechanisms of a relationship between COVID-19 and periodontitis, as well as describe findings from relevant epidemiological studies.

Scarce data exist in the literature that directly addresses the relationship between the two diseases. However, several data describe the role of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues as portals of entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the contribution of cytokines known to be produced in periodontal disease to severe forms of COVID-19. It is also suggested from the current literature that periodontal disease, shown to be associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, shares common risk factors with—especially—severe forms of COVID-19.

Further clinical studies are required to establish the relationship between these diseases. Oral hygiene performance and intact periodontal tissues can assist in mitigating the pandemic, and it is suggested that dental practitioners can contribute to identifying at-risk patients.
Investigation of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis by Multiplex PCR Method in Central Part of Turkey
Authors: Yılmaz Fatih , Kaya Havva , Özdemir Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Objective Gastroenteritis is a disease that affects all age groups, especially children, and causes high mortality and morbidity in all countries. The most common agents of acute gastroenteritis are viral agents. As a result, millions of diarrhea attacks and hospital admissions occur worldwide every year due to viral gastroenteritis. This study uses the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to investigate the viruses that are the causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in the pediatric patient group in Konya, Turkey.

Methods Stool samples of 94 patients aged 0 to 18 years sent from Emergency clinics and Pediatric outpatient clinics, Meram Medical Faculty Hospital Pediatric clinics, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University to Medical Microbiology Laboratory with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis between February and December 2018 were included in the study. Stool samples were stored at –80°C until the time of the analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid isolation from stool samples was performed with EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) using an automatic extraction system (BioRobot EZ1 system, Qiagen). The presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus (GI, GII), and sapovirus agents was investigated by the multiplex PCR method (Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg) viral gastroenteritis kit.

Results Viral gastroenteritis agents were detected in 56.3% of the patients. One viral agent was detected in 47 (50%) of these patients and at least two viral agents in 6 (6.3%) of them. Norovirus GII was detected in 20 (21.2%) of the children included in the study, adenovirus in 13 (13.8%), rotavirus in 11 (12.8%), astrovirus in 11 (11.7%), sapovirus in 4 (4.2%), and norovirus GI in 1 (1.06%). When the distribution of viral agents was examined by months, the most number of agents were observed (21; 35%) in May, followed by April and June (12; 20%). Considering the distribution of the prevalence of the agents by age, it was seen to be mainly between 0 and 12 months (42%).

Conclusion Considering that the most common viral agent in our region is norovirus GII, it will be useful to investigate the norovirus that is not routinely examined in children who are admitted to clinics with the complaint of gastroenteritis. It will be appropriate to examine routinely adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus in the laboratory, especially in children with diarrhea and vomiting in the winter and spring months.
Future of Decellularized Dental Pulp Matrix in Regenerative Endodontics
Authors: Khurshid Zohaib , Alnaim Ahmed Jamil Ahmed , Alhashim Ahmed Abdulhakim Ahmed , Imran Eisha , Adanir Necdet
Published: January 2022

With the advancements in tissue engineering, the repair and regeneration of oral/dental tissue are becoming possible and productive. Due to periodontal diseases, the tooth loses bone support resulting in tooth loss, but bone grafting stabilizes with new bone. It is seen that due to the progression of dental caries, pulp damage happens, and the vitality of the tooth is compromised. The current theme of dental pulp regeneration through biological and synthetic scaffolds, is becoming a potential therapy for pulp revitalization.
Understanding the Psychological Impacts of Teenage Pregnancy through a Socio-ecological Framework and Life Course Approach
Authors: Tebb Kathleen P. , Brindis Claire D.
Published: January 2022

The relationship between mental health and teenage pregnancy is complex. Mental health can be both an antecedent and contributing factor to teenage pregnancy and a concurrent factor wherein pregnancy itself can contribute to depression. Expectant and parenting teens (EPT) are faced with the simultaneous challenges of pregnancy and parenting while navigating the developmental tasks of adolescence which increases their risk for mental health problems. In addition, adolescents growing up in stressful community or home situations where their parents experienced depression, further places them and their children at greater risk of repeated patterns over time. However, adverse mental health outcomes are not inevitable. The socio-ecological model combined with a life course perspective provides a framework for understanding the complexity of risk and protective factors at multiple levels that influence knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and other health outcomes later in life and across generations. This approach has important implications for reducing adolescents' risk of an unintended/mistimed pregnancy and improving mental health and other outcomes for EPT. This paper describes the prevalence of mental health problems in EPT and using a socio-ecological framework and life course perspective explains variations in mental health outcome among EPT. Implications for interventions and innovative approaches are also discussed.
Evidence of ambient doping in pentacene rectifying diodes
Authors: Kim Chang-Hyun
Published: January 2022

Organic rectifying diodes (ORDs) are a structurally simple yet functionally versatile element for advanced electronics. However, their operating principle, in association with the specificities of organic materials, is not well conceptualized. This study provides a comprehensive insight into a fundamental device phenomenon in ORDs, namely, ambient doping, and reveals for the first time its various footprints strongly affecting multiple in-device locations and operating regimes. High-performance pentacene-based diodes are fabricated and characterized in detail through current–voltage analysis, capacitance–voltage measurements, and broadband impedance spectroscopy. A highly analytical and correlative treatment of the whole data results in precise extraction of critical charge-injection, transport, and doping parameters, as well as a validated circuit model that systematically decouples the contact and bulk electronic processes governing the operation of ORDs.
A quantum cascade laser-pumped molecular laser tunable over 1 THz
Authors: Amirzhan Arman , Chevalier Paul , Rowlette Jeremy , Stinson H. Ted , Pushkarsky Michael , Day Timothy , Everitt Henry O. , Capasso Federico
Published: January 2022

Despite decades of research, no frequency tunable sources span the terahertz gap between 0.3 and 3 THz. By introducing methyl fluoride (CH3F) as a new gain medium for a quantum cascade laser-pumped molecular laser (QPML), we demonstrate continuous-wave lasing from more than 120 discrete transitions, spanning the range from 0.25 to 1.3 THz. Thanks to its large permanent dipole moment and large rotational constants, methyl fluoride (CH3F) as a QPML gain medium combines a lower threshold, a larger power efficiency, and a wider tuning range than other molecules. These key features of the CH3F QPML, operated in a compact cavity at room temperature, pave the way to a versatile THz source to bridge the THz gap.
Dust ion acoustic solitons and double layers in a dusty plasma with adiabatic positive dust, adiabatic positive ion species, and Cairns-distributed electrons
Authors: Mushinzimana X. , Nsengiyumva F. , Yadav L. L. , Baluku T. K.
Published: January 2022

The propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary waves and double layers is studied in a dusty plasma with heavy adiabatic positively charged dust grains and lighter adiabatic positive ions with Cairns-distributed electrons using the arbitrary amplitude Sagdeev pseudopotential approach. The analysis of the Sagdeev pseudopotential shows that this plasma model supports the propagation of positive solitons limited by the occurrence of the ion sonic point and negative solitons limited by the occurrence of double layers. Solitons of both polarities coexist for a range of some plasma parameters. We have shown that at a critical dust-to-ion density ratio, f, at which the third derivative of the Sagdeev pseudopotential vanishes, positive and negative solitons coexist without a soliton with finite amplitude at the acoustic speed, contrary to an earlier study. This suggests that the existence of a soliton with finite amplitude at the acoustic speed is not always a pre-requisite for the coexistence of nonlinear structures of both polarities. Positive and negative solitons coexist when the electrons are strongly nonthermal, with moderate ion thermal effects. Increasing ion thermal effect shifts the coexistence region to lower values of f, and when the ion thermal effects become important, negative solitons disappear and only positive solitons survive. The effects of different plasma parameters on the characteristics of the nonlinear structures have also been discussed in detail.
Accurate ab initio calculations of RaF electronic structure appeal to more laser-spectroscopical measurements
Authors: Zaitsevskii Andrei , Skripnikov Leonid V. , Mosyagin Nikolai S. , Isaev Timur , Berger Robert , Breier Alexander A. , Giesen Thomas F.
Published: January 2022

Recently, a breakthrough has been achieved in laser-spectroscopic studies of short-lived radioactive compounds with the first measurements of the radium monofluoride molecule (RaF) UV/vis spectra. We report results from high-accuracy ab initio calculations of the RaF electronic structure for ground and low-lying excited electronic states. Two different methods agree excellently with experimental excitation energies from the electronic ground state to the 2Π1/2 and 2Π3/2 states, but lead consistently and unambiguously to deviations from experimental-based adiabatic transition energy estimates for the 2Σ1/2 excited electronic state, and show that more measurements are needed to clarify spectroscopic assignment of the 2Δ state.
Acquisition of the arginine deiminase system benefits epiparasitic Saccharibacteria and their host bacteria in a mammalian niche environment
Authors: Tian Jing , Utter Daniel R. , Cen Lujia , Dong Pu-Ting , Shi Wenyuan , Bor Batbileg , Qin Man , McLean Jeffrey S. , He Xuesong
Published: January 2022

Significance

The Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) is a large monophyletic lineage with poorly understood biology. Saccharibacteria are ultrasmall parasitic CPR bacteria with highly reduced genomes that have made the transition from an environmental origin to mammals. We tested the function and impact of the arginine deiminase system (ADS), an arginine catabolism pathway likely acquired by mammal-associated Saccharibacteria during their environment-to-mammal niche transition. We showed that the acquired ADS not only helped facilitate Saccharibacterial adaptation to mammals but also contributed to the establishment of cooperative episymbiotic interaction with their bacterial hosts within mammalian microbiomes. Our study provides experimental evidence demonstrating the importance of function acquired by Saccharibacteria during niche transition in facilitating their adaptation from the environment to a mammalian niche.
Pseudo-compliance or convergence?
Authors: Gleeson Margaret
Published: January 2022

This paper reports on a professional learning (PL) project conducted over one year at a senior secondary school in New Zealand. Subject teachers volunteered to work with one another and a facilitator to identify the linguistic demands of their subjects, adapt teaching materials, and try out teaching approaches congruent with research evidence about teaching emergent bilingual (EB) learners. This paper explores cases of subject-specific partnerships and how participants’ responses to the PL appeared to impact their existing pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The PL sessions were facilitated through audio-recorded Zoom meetings. A thematic analysis was conducted, and the findings were analysed using an adaptation of Davison’s (2006) framework to map how participants engaged with the PL and collaborated with one another on new pedagogies. The study suggests that these teachers accommodated linguistic teaching approaches, but their adaptation to language PCK may have remained at a compliant level.
Machine translation in the multilingual classroom
Authors: Dorst Aletta G. , Valdez Susana , Bouman Heather
Published: January 2022

Machine Translation (MT), the process by which a computer engine such as Google Translate or Bing automatically
translates a text from one language into another without any human involvement, is increasingly used in professional,
institutional and everyday contexts for a wide range of purposes. While a growing number of studies has looked at professional
translators and translation students, there is currently a lack of research on non-translator users and uses in multilingual
contexts.

This paper presents a survey examining how, when and why students at Leiden University’s Faculty of Humanities use
MT. A questionnaire was used to determine which MT engines students use and for what purposes, and gauge their awareness of issues
concerning privacy, academic integrity and plagiarism. The findings reveal a widespread adoption of Google Translate and indicate
that students use MT predominantly to look up single words, as an alternative to a dictionary. Many seemed sceptical about the
value of MT for educational purposes, and many assumed that the use of MT is not permitted by lecturers for graded assignments,
especially in courses focusing on language skills.

The results demonstrate a clear need for more MT literacy. Students may not need practical training in
how to use MT, but there is much room for improvement in terms of when and
why they use it.