bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible free-standing SU-8 microfluidic impedance spectroscopy sensor for 3-D molded interconnect devices application
Authors: Schmidt Marc-Peter , Oseev Aleksandr , Engel Christian , Brose Andreas , Schmidt Bertram , Hirsch Sören
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The current contribution reports about the fabrication technology for the development of novel microfluidic impedance spectroscopy sensors that are directly attachable on 3-D molded interconnect devices (3D-MID) that provides an opportunity to create reduced-scale sensor devices for 3-D applications. Advantages of the MID technology in particular for an automotive industry application were recently discussed (Moser and Krause, 2006). An ability to integrate electrical and fluidic parts into the 3D-MID platform brings a sensor device to a new level of the miniaturization. The demonstrated sensor is made of a flexible polymer material featuring a system of electrodes that are structured on and embedded in the SU-8 polymer. The sensor chips can be directly soldered on the MID due to the electroless plated contact pads. A flip chip process based on the opposite electrode design and the implementation of all fluidic and electrical connections at one side of the sensors can be used to assemble the sensor to a three-dimensional substrate. The developed microfluidic sensor demonstrated a predictable impedance spectrum behavior and a sufficient sensitivity to the concentration of ethanol in deionized water. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report regarding such sensor fabrication technology.
Conditions for the occurrence of seismic sequences in a fault system
Authors: Dragoni Michele , Lorenzano Emanuele
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We consider a system made of n coplanar faults and study the conditions under which it may originate a sequence of n seismic events of similar magnitudes. The system is placed in an elastic half-space and is subject to a constant and uniform strain rate by tectonic motions. The state of the system is described by n variables that are the Coulomb stresses of the faults. Coulomb stresses increase steadily during the interseismic intervals and change suddenly in connection with seismic events. A permutation of the first n integers can be associated with each state of the system, expressing the order of Coulomb stresses according to their magnitudes. The permutation controls the evolution of the system. The state space can be divided into n! subsets corresponding to each of the n! permutations. The representative point of the system moves continuously in one of the subsets during the interseismic intervals and switches to a different subset in connection with seismic events. The order of events in a sequence can be also expressed as a permutation of the first n integers, so that the number of possible sequences is equal to n!. The order of events is determined by the initial stress state, the stress drops and the stress transfers associated with each event. If the sequence is made of n similar events and the differences between Coulomb stresses are always greater than the mutual stress transfers, the order is given by the initial permutation. However, the order implicit in the initial permutation is generally modified during the sequence, due to changes in the differences between Coulomb stresses and to different stress drops of the events. The model allows the retrieval of the stress states of a fault system from the observation of a seismic sequence. As an example, the model is applied to the 2012 Emilia (Italy) seismic sequence and enlightens the complex interplay between the fault dislocations that produced the observed order of events.
Transient tracer distributions in the Fram Strait in 2012 and inferred anthropogenic carbon content and transport
Authors: Stöven Tim , Tanhua Toste , Hoppema Mario , von Appen Wilken-Jon
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The storage of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean's interior is an important process which modulates the increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. The polar regions are expected to be net sinks for anthropogenic carbon. Transport estimates of dissolved inorganic carbon and the anthropogenic offset can thus provide information about the magnitude of the corresponding storage processes. Here we present a transient tracer, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) data set along 78°50′ N sampled in the Fram Strait in 2012. A theory on tracer relationships is introduced, which allows for an application of the inverse-Gaussian–transit-time distribution (IG-TTD) at high latitudes and the estimation of anthropogenic carbon concentrations. Mean current velocity measurements along the same section from 2002–2010 were used to estimate the net flux of DIC and anthropogenic carbon by the boundary currents above 840 m through the Fram Strait. The new theory explains the differences between the theoretical (IG-TTD-based) tracer age relationship and the specific tracer age relationship of the field data, by saturation effects during water mass formation and/or the deliberate release experiment of SF6 in the Greenland Sea in 1996, rather than by different mixing or ventilation processes. Based on this assumption, a maximum SF6 excess of 0.5–0.8 fmol kg−1 was determined in the Fram Strait at intermediate depths (500–1600 m). The anthropogenic carbon concentrations are 50–55 µmol kg−1 in the Atlantic Water/Recirculating Atlantic Water, 40–45 µmol kg−1 in the Polar Surface Water/warm Polar Surface Water and between 10 and 35 µmol kg−1 in the deeper water layers, with lowest concentrations in the bottom layer. The net fluxes through the Fram Strait indicate a net outflow of  ∼  0.4 DIC and  ∼  0.01 PgC yr−1 anthropogenic carbon from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic, albeit with high uncertainties.
The Failure of Cooperative Federalism in Flint, Michigan
Authors: Fewell Brent
Published: February 2016

For over a year now, the citizens of Flint have been drinking water with significantly elevated lead levels, raising serious concerns about the impacts of lead exposure on children and others who have used the water for drinking and cooking. Lead levels were detected as high as 13,200 μg/L, orders of magnitude above the federal action level of 15 μg/L. Fallout from the crisis has prompted the resignations of the heads of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and US Environmental Protection Agency Region 5. While many questions remain, and recriminations, investigations, and litigation will continue in the foreseeable future, what is clear is that the event constitutes a colossal failure of government and governance. We may never fully appreciate the full extent of crisis and the lingering impacts on the people of Flint.
The Computer Reaches out: The Historical Continuity of Interface Design
Authors: Grudin Jonathan
Published: February 2016

The focus of user interface research and development has evolved over the past forty years. The term ''user interface'' was not used at first, when most users were engineers and programmers; it may again become inappropriate when more applications are designed for groups than for individuals. But there is a continuity to the outward movement of the computer's interface to its external environment, from hardware to software to increasingly higher-level cognitive capabilities and finally to social processes. As the focus shifts, the approaches to design and the skills required of practitioners changes. This paper identifies five foci of interface development. Research and development foci may be independent, and progress in one area may influence others, so a comprehensive framework may help position existing research and development efforts and plan future work more eflectively.
What is an Efficient Implementation of the lambda-calculus?
Authors: Frandsen Gudmund Skovbjerg , Sturtivant Carl
Published: February 2016

We propose to measure the efficiency of any implementation of the lambda-calculus as a function of a new parameter mu, that is itself a function of any lambda-expression. Complexity is expressed here as a function of nu just as runtime is expressed as a function of the input size n in ordinary analysis of algorithms. This enables implementations to be compared for worst case efficiency. We argue that any implementation must have complexity Omega(nu), i.e. a linear lower bound. Furthermore, we show that implementations based upon Turner Combinators of Hughes Super-combinators have complexities 2Omega(nu), i.e. an exponential lower bound. It is open whether any implementation of polynomial complexity, nu^0(1), exists, although some implementations have been implicitly claimed to have this complexity.
Properties of Unfolding-based Meta-level Systems
Authors: Hansen Torben Amtoft
Published: February 2016

It is well known that one can often transform a given program into a more efficient equivalent: by introducing some ''eureka definitions'' and then performing a sequence of unfold/fold/... steps, or by applying the technique of dynamic programming. A framework is set up, general enough to account for both of those techniques, enabling us to reason formally about complexity improvements. It is shown that under the absence of certain features, transformation is able to speed up execution time by at most a constant factor only. In order to have a chance of achieving a more substantial speed up, a transformation system thus must contain at least one of those features. Finally, it is shown that under very weak conditions termination properties are preserved by transformation.
Bounded Fixed Point Iteration
Authors: Nielson Hanne Riis , Nielson Flemming
Published: February 2016

In the context of abstract interpretation for languages without higher-order features we study the number of times a functional need to be unfolded in order to give the least fixed point. For the cases of total or monotone functions we obtain an exponential bound and in the case of strict and additive (or distributive) functions we obtain a quadratic bound. These bounds are shown to be tight in that sufficiently long chains of functions can be shown to exist. Specializing the case of strict and additive functions to functionals of a form that would correspond to iterative programs we show that a linear bound is tight. This is related to several analyses studied in the literature (including strictness analysis).
Safety Analysis versus Type Inference for Partial Types
Authors: Palsberg Jens , Schwartzbach Michael I.
Published: February 2016

Safety analysis is an algorithm for determining if a terin in an untyped lambda calculus with constants is safe, i.e., if it does not cause an error during evaluation. We prove that safety analysis accepts strictly more safe lambda terms than does type inference for Thatte's partial types.
Prime Decompositions with Minimum Sum
Authors: Østerby Ole
Published: February 2016

During the January 1972 meeting in Aarhus on Automata Theory (see e.g. PB-15) a number-theoretic problem was posed in connection with determining the size of a language generated by a DOL-System (Deterministic Lindenmayer-System with no interaction between neighbours).

The problem as posed by Paul Vitanyi is:

Find an algorithm which for every integer n>O yields a number of pair wise relative primes k_1 ,k_2,... ,k_m and a non-negative integer r such that n = k_l € k_2 . . . k_m + r and such that k_1 + k_2 + ... + k_m + r is minimal.

In the paper an efficient alsorithm for this and a reiated problem is presented, and various tables and graphs indicating the behaviour of the minimal sum as a function of n are given.
Context-Free Grammars with Graph Controlled Tables
Authors: Rozenberg Grzegorz , Salomaa Arto
Published: February 2016

It is shown that every context-sensitive language can be generated by a context-free grammar with graph control over sets of productions. This can be done in two different ways, corresponding to unconditional transfer programmed grammars and programmed grammars with empty failure fields. Also some results concerning ordinary programmed grammars are established.
Surface Tree Languages and Parallel Derivation Trees
Authors: Engelfriet Joost
Published: February 2016

The surface tree languages obtained by top-down finite state transformation of monadic trees are exactly the frontier-preserving homomorphic images of sets of derivation trees of ETOL systems. The corresponding class of tree transformation languages is therefore equal to the class of ETOL languages.
A Description of the MATHILDA Processor
Authors: Shriver Bruce D. , Kornerup Peter
Published: February 2016

A dynamically microprogrammable processor called MATHILDA is described.MATHILDA has been designed to be used as a tool in interpreter and processor design research. It has a very general microinstruction sequencing scheme, sophisticated masking and shifting capability, high speed local storage, a 64-bit wide main data path, a partially encoded microinstruction, and other features which make it reasonably well suited for this purpose. Also, hardware modification is relatively easily undertaken to enhance the experimental nature of the machine.

Revised version (first version 1975).
On Type Definitions with Parameters
Authors: Solomon Marvin
Published: February 2016

This paper analyzes some of the consequences of allowing the definition of parameterized data types in programming languages. A typical use of such types is:

type queue(x) = struct (x, ref (queue (x))),

intqueue = queue(int).

It is shown that the addition of parameters permits the definition of new types not definable without parameters. In particular, the types definable with parameters are closely related to the deterministic context-free languages, whereas the author has previously shown that the types definable without parameters are characterized by the regular (i.e. finite state) languages.

An important consequence of this fact is that the type equivalence problem, which is easily solvable in the absence of parameters, becomes equivalent to the (currently open) equivalence problem for deterministic pushdown automata.
Multi-Interpreter Systems
Authors: Derrett Nigel , Manthey Michael J.
Published: February 2016

This paper is concerned with systems to support high-level-language- oriented interpreted machines. Certain requirements for such a system are presented and some of the problems which arise are discussed.
System Description as a Starting-Point for Teaching Simula
Authors: Mathiassen Lars
Published: February 2016

In the first part of the paper it is shown by an example how system description can be used as a starting point for teaching SIMULA to beginners. The system description techniques used are based upon the philosophy developed in connection with the DELTA language.

In the second part of the paper it is argued why system description - as shown in the example - should be used as a starting point for teaching programming, and, having chosen this line of approach to the teaching process, why SIMULA is a good choice of programming language. Various requirements are imposed upon the planning and teaching of a programming course. These requirements are primarily derived from the connection between production, qualification and education. Secondly they are derived from the educational context of the programming course and from the knowledge and methods that have been developed in different areas of computer science. It is argued that these requirements can be met in the planning and teaching of a programming course, when using system description as a starting point. The paper was presented at the Fourth Simula Users Conference at Leeuwenhorst Congres Center, Holland, September 1976.
Ambiguity in Finite Automata
Authors: Schmidt Erik Meineche
Published: February 2016

The gain in succinctness of descriptions of regular languages when nondeterministic (unambiguous) finite automata are used rather than unambiguous (deterministic) finite automata, is not bounded by any polynomium.

The problem of deciding whether an unambiguous regular expression does not generate all words over its terminal alphabet, is in NP.
Proposal for a Context Concept in Delta
Authors: Møller-Pedersen Birger
Published: February 2016

The description of a context concept in DELTA is analyzed, similar concepts from various fields are considered, and on the basis of this and on the use of a context concept in an application of DELTA in an interdisciplinary project a definition of a context concept is proposed.
Complexity of Some Problems Concerning Lindenmayer Systems. (Revised version)
Authors: Jones Neil D. , Skyum Sven
Published: February 2016

We determine the computational complexity of membership, emptiness and infiniteness for several types of L systems. The L systems we consider are EDOL, EOL, EDTOL, and ETOL, with and without empty productions. For each problem and each type of system we establish both upper and lower bounds on the time or memory required for solution by Turing machines.

Revised version (first version 1978 under the title Complexity of Some Problems Concerning: Lindenmayer Systems)
The Copying Power of One-State Tree Transducers
Authors: Engelfriet Joost
Published: February 2016

One-state deterministic top-down transducers (or tree homomorphisms) cannot handle ''prime copying'', i.e. their class of output (string) languages is not closed under the operation L ( -> { (w)^f(n) | w in L, f(n) >= 1 } ) , where f is any integer function whose range contains numbers with arbitrary large prime factors (such as a polynomial). The exact amount of nonclosure under these copying operations is established for several classes of input (tree) languages. These results are relevant to the extended definable (or restricted parallel level) languages, to the syntax-directed translation of context-free languages and to the tree transducer hierarchy.
Methods for LR(k) Testing: (Informative Diagnostics on LALR(k)-Conflicts)
Authors: Kristensen Bent Bruun , Madsen Ole Lehrmann
Published: February 2016

Methods for LR(k) testing based on the LR(0)-machine are discussed. Theoretical results on LR(k)-conditions are proved, and an algorithm for LR(k) testing derived from these results is given. The application of the method as a means of giving informative diagnostics on LALR(k)-conflicts is presented. Finally various modifications of the method are suggested to improve the efficiency of the LR(k) testing algorithm.
A Note on the Complexity of General D0L Membership
Authors: Jones Neil D.
Published: February 2016

A number of upper and lower bounds have been obtained for various problems concerning L systems (see PB-85). In most cases the bounds were rather close; however, for the general membership problem the upper bound was P, and the lower was deterministic log space. In this note we show that membership can be decided deterministically in log^2 n space, which makes it very unlikely that the problem is complete for P. We also show that non-membership is as hard as any problem solvable in nondeterministic log n space. Thus both bounds are improved.
A Petri Net Definition of a System Description Language
Authors: Jensen Kurt , Kyng Morten , Madsen Ole Lehrmann
Published: February 2016

This paper introduces a language, Epsilon, for the description of systems with concurrency, and presents a formal definition of Epsilon's semantics. The language is based on Delta ‹ the first major attempt to create a language solely aimed at system description without the restrictions placed on languages executable on digital computers. The design of Delta was itself heavily influenced by the experience from the development and use of Simula.

It is not obvious what kind of semantics a system description language should have. The situation is more complex than with normal algorithmic languages and none of the existing semantic approaches appear to be satisfactory.

To clarify the situation, we first describe the language Epsilon, which contains only a few basic primitives. Then we define the semantics of Epsilon by means of a formal model based on Petri nets. The model called ''Concurrent systems'' is an extension of Petri nets with a data part and with expressions attached to transitions and to places. The model is a further development of formalisms proposed by R.M. Keller and A. Mazurkiewicz. The expressions attached to places is a novel feature and is used to define continuous transformations on the data part. The semantics of a given system description is defined in terms of firing sequences of the corresponding concurrent system.

To be presented at the Evian Conference on Semantics of Concurrent Computations, July 1979.
Space-Restricted Attribute Grammars
Authors: Schmidt Erik Meineche
Published: February 2016

Restricting the size of attribute values, relative to the length of the string under consideration, leads to a model of attribute grammars in which grammars with both inherited and synthesized attributes can be significantly more economical than grammars with synthesized attributes only.
Bootstrap rank‐ordered conditional mutual information (broCMI): A nonlinear input variable selection method for water resources modeling
Authors: Quilty John , Adamowski Jan , Khalil Bahaa , Rathinasamy Maheswaran
Published: February 2016

The input variable selection problem has recently garnered much interest in the time series modeling community, especially within water resources applications, demonstrating that information theoretic (nonlinear)‐based input variable selection algorithms such as partial mutual information (PMI) selection (PMIS) provide an improved representation of the modeled process when compared to linear alternatives such as partial correlation input selection (PCIS). PMIS is a popular algorithm for water resources modeling problems considering nonlinear input variable selection; however, this method requires the specification of two nonlinear regression models, each with parametric settings that greatly influence the selected input variables. Other attempts to develop input variable selection methods using conditional mutual information (CMI) (an analog to PMI) have been formulated under different parametric pretenses such as k nearest‐neighbor (KNN) statistics or kernel density estimates (KDE). In this paper, we introduce a new input variable selection method based on CMI that uses a nonparametric multivariate continuous probability estimator based on Edgeworth approximations (EA). We improve the EA method by considering the uncertainty in the input variable selection procedure by introducing a bootstrap resampling procedure that uses rank statistics to order the selected input sets; we name our proposed method bootstrap rank‐ordered CMI (broCMI). We demonstrate the superior performance of broCMI when compared to CMI‐based alternatives (EA, KDE, and KNN), PMIS, and PCIS input variable selection algorithms on a set of seven synthetic test problems and a real‐world urban water demand (UWD) forecasting experiment in Ottawa, Canada.
Sampling variability in estimates of flow characteristics in coarse‐bed channels: Effects of sample size
Authors: Cienciala Piotr , Hassan Marwan A.
Published: February 2016

Adequate description of hydraulic variables based on a sample of field measurements is challenging in coarse‐bed streams, a consequence of high spatial heterogeneity in flow properties that arises due to the complexity of channel boundary. By applying a resampling procedure based on bootstrapping to an extensive field data set, we have estimated sampling variability and its relationship with sample size in relation to two common methods of representing flow characteristics, spatially averaged velocity profiles and fitted probability distributions. The coefficient of variation in bed shear stress and roughness length estimated from spatially averaged velocity profiles and in shape and scale parameters of gamma distribution fitted to local values of bed shear stress, velocity, and depth was high, reaching 15–20% of the parameter value even at the sample size of 100 (sampling density 1 m−2). We illustrated implications of these findings with two examples. First, sensitivity analysis of a 2‐D hydrodynamic model to changes in roughness length parameter showed that the sampling variability range observed in our resampling procedure resulted in substantially different frequency distributions and spatial patterns of modeled hydraulic variables. Second, using a bedload formula, we showed that propagation of uncertainty in the parameters of a gamma distribution used to model bed shear stress led to the coefficient of variation in predicted transport rates exceeding 50%. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of reporting the precision of estimated hydraulic parameters. When such estimates serve as input into models, uncertainty propagation should be explicitly accounted for by running ensemble simulations.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITIONSRK. AN KOORDINIERTE OLEFINLIGANDEN 3. MITT. TRANS‐ADDITION EINES NUCLEOPHILEN AN EIN AN PLATIN(II) KOORDINIERTES OLEFIN
Authors: PANUNZI ACHILLE , DE RENZI AUGUSTO , PAIARO GASTONE
Published: February 2016

Untersucht wird die Addition der Amine (II) an den (+)‐Pt(II)‐Komplex (I) mit den Liganden in S‐Konfiguration.
ChemInform Abstract: REALISIERUNG VON PUFFERGEMISCHEN IN WASSER‐DIMETHYLSULFOXID‐GEMISCHEN, ANWENDUNG AUF DIE UNTERSUCHUNG VON NITRODIPHENYLAMINEN
Authors: HALLE JEAN‐CLAUDE , GABORIAUD RENE , SCHAAL ROBERT
Published: February 2016

Es werden 14 Säuren, wie z.B. (I)‐(III), angegeben, die sich als stabile und weitgehend farblose Puffer für Wasser‐DMSO‐Gemische verschiedener Zusammensetzung eignen und die für einen weiten Bereich anwendbar sind.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAROGRAPHISCHES VERHALTEN EINIGER ALKYLARYLKETONE IN NEUTRALEN UND ALKALISCHEN MEDIEN
Authors: AVRUCKAJA I. A. , BELEVSKIJ S. F. , FIOSIN M. JA. , NGUEN VAN TCHAN NGUEN VAN TCHAN
Published: February 2016

Die Phenone (Ia) zeigen bei der polarographischen Reduktion an der Hg‐ Tropfelektrode zu den Carbinolen (IIa) ein für Carbonylverbindungen normales Verhalten; der Grenzstrom besitzt Diffusionscharakter.
ChemInform Abstract: ORIENTIERUNG DER NITRIERUNG VON BENZALDEHYD
Authors: OESTMAN BOERJE , LINDGREN INGER
Published: February 2016

Mit rauchender HNO3 reagiert die Titelverbindung in Trifluoressigsäure (TFA) zu einem Isomerengemisch aus ca. 65% m‐, 32% o‐ und 3% p‐Nitrobenzaldehyd, wobei Temperaturänderungen keine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISCHE RK. VON ALPHA‐HALOGENKETONEN 23. MITT. BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN RK.‐VERMOEGEN UND SOLVOLYSEEMPFINDLICHKEIT BEI TERT. ALPHA‐BROM‐KETONEN
Authors: KARAVAN V. S. , TIMOFEEVA L. A. , TEMNIKOVA T. I.
Published: February 2016

Die Kinetik der Solvolyse der Bromketone (I) und (II) in bis zu 10% Wasser enthaltendem Äthanol bei 25°C wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. MIT DITERPENEN 11. MITT. SELEKTIVE EPOXIDIERUNG VON LABDADIENEN
Authors: POPA D. P. , TITOV V. V.
Published: February 2016

Der Verlauf der Reaktion der Labdadiene (II) mit l Val Monoperphthalsäure in ätherischer Lösung bei Raumtemperatur wird ausschließlich durch die Natur des Restes R bestimmt: Aus den Dienen (IIa) erhält man die Epoxide (Ia), aus den Dienen (IIb) nahezu selektiv die Epoxide (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATISCHE HYDRAZO‐ UND AZOVERBINDUNGEN 2. MITT. NITRIERUNG VON PENTANITROAZOBENZOLEN
Authors: SARNIN G. P. , BUZYKIN B. I. , SAKUROVA K.
Published: February 2016

Die Nitrierung der Pentanitroazobenzole (I) bei 80‐85 bzw. 90‐95°C liefert die Hexanitroderivate (II) (Ausbeute 71 bzw. 15%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINIGER BIS‐SEK. BETA,BETA′‐DIACETYLEN‐ALPHA,ALPHA‐GLYKOLE
Authors: EPSZTEIN R. , LE GOFF N.
Published: February 2016

GIyoxal (I) liefert mit den Propargyl‐Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) die ggf. gemischten Addukte (III) in Form von Racemat und meso‐Form, die z.Tl. getrennt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND STRUKTUR DER ADDUKTE VON AETHOXYCARBONYLCARBEN MIT CIS‐ UND TRANS‐PENTADIEN‐(1,3)
Authors: LISANSKIJ I. S. , GULIEV A. M. , POMERANCEV V. I. , TURKOVA L. D. , CHACATUROV A. S.
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion des siedenden trans‐Pentadiens (I) in Gegenwart von Cu(II)‐ sulfat mit Diazoessigsäureäthylester erhält man ein 89 : 1 1‐Gemisch (Ausbeute 78%) der Cyclopropancarbonsäureester (II) und (III), analog aus dem cis‐Dien (IV) ein 80 : 20‐Gemisch (72%) der Ester (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: MIKROBIOLOGISCHE HYDROXYLIERUNG VON ALLETHRON
Authors: LEMAHIEU R. A. , TABENKIN B. , BERGER J. , KIERSTEAD R. W.
Published: February 2016

Aus dem Enamin (I) und Allylmagnesiumbromid (II) wurde Allethron (III) hergestellt, aus dem bei der mikrobiologischen Hydroxylierung mit Aspergillus niger NRRL 3228 neben hohen Anteilen an Allethrolon (IV), welches Interesse als Insekticid besitzt, die Carbinole (V) und (VI) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINIGER 3,6‐DICHLOR‐2,5‐BIS‐PHENYLAMINO‐1,4‐BENZOCHINON‐DERIVATE MIT ELEKTRONENDONATOR‐ UND ELEKTRONENAKZEPTOR‐GRUPPEN
Authors: BALINT A.
Published: February 2016

Chloranil (I) reagiert mit Methanol/Natriumacetat zu 2‐Methoxy‐3,5,6‐trichlor‐1,4‐benzochinon (II), das mit Aminen wie Anilin (III) zu Aminoverbindungen wie 2‐Methoxy‐5‐phenylamino‐3,6‐dichlor‐1,4‐benzochinon (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: UNGESAETTIGTE LACTONE 1. MITT. SYNTH. UNGESAETTIGTER GAMMA‐LACTONE DURCH KONDENSATION TERT. ALPHA‐KETO‐ALKOHOLE MIT MALONESTER
Authors: AVETISJAN A. A. , TATEVOSJAN G. E. , MANGASARJAN C. A. , MACOJAN S. G. , DANGJAN M. T.
Published: February 2016

Durch Kondensation der Hydroxyketone (I) mit Malonester (II) unter Zusatz von metallischem Na in siedendem Äthanol werden die Butenolide (III) (Ausbeute 60‐66%) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: KOORDINATION VON ORGANONITRILE DURCH CN‐PI‐SYST.
Authors: FARONA MICHAEL F. , KRAUS KARL F.
Published: February 2016

Durch direkte Reaktion von Pentacarbonylhalogeno‐Mn(I) oder ‐Re(I) mit den entsprechenden Dinitrilen entstehen die über die 3fach Bindung der Nitrile n‐koordinierten Dinitril‐Komplexe (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVOMERCURIERUNG‐DEMERCURIERUNG 1. MITT. OXYMERCURIERUNG‐DEMERCURIERUNG VON REPRESENTATIVEN OLEFINEN IN WAESSRIGEN MEDIEN, EINFACHE MARKOWNIKOV‐HYDRATISIERUNG VON C‐C‐DOPPELBINDUNGEN
Authors: BROWN H. C. , GEOGHEGAN P. J.
Published: February 2016

Über eine Solvomercurierung‐Demercurierung können Olefine (I) unter Annahme der Zwischenstufe (II) in die Hydratisierungsprodukte (III) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ′BIOANORGANISCH′ ‐ EIN NEUES STICHWORT FUER CHEMISCHE LEXIKA
Authors: ‐ ‐
Published: February 2016

Ein Symposium über "bioanorganische Cheme" an Virginia Polytechn.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON BORKOMPLEXEN MIT AETHYLENDIAMINTETRAESSIGSAEURE UND IHREN ANALOGA
Authors: NAKATANI MITSUHISA , TAKAHASHI YOSHIAKI , OUCHI AKIRA , WATANUKI KUNIHIKO
Published: February 2016

Das Komplexon (I) reagiert mit Bortrifluorid‐Diäthyläther in Acetonitril zum Addukt (II) (Ausbeute 65%); bei analoger Reaktion und längerem Stehen bildet sich das Fluoroborat (III), Ausbeute ca. 80% (IR‐, UV‐Spektrum).
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON TRIORGANYLOXYSILANEN
Authors: WOJNOWSKA MARIA , WOJNOWSKI WIESLAW
Published: February 2016

Die höchsten Ausbeuten an Triorganyloxysilanen (III) werden bei Einsetzen von Trichlorsilan (I) und Alkohol (II) im Molverhältnis 1:3,3 (Benzol oder Chloroform, 0°C), Einleiten von Stickstoff und Destillation unmittelbar nach Beendigung der Reaktion erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMISCHE UMLAGERUNGEN DURCH WECHSELWIRKUNG ZWISCHEN SILICIUM UND AM ALPHA‐KOHLENSTOFFATOM GEBUNDENEN GRUPPEN
Authors: BEVAN W. I. , HASZELDINE R. N. , MIDDLETON J. , TIPPING A. E.
Published: February 2016

Während die Pyrolyse von (1,1,2,2‐Tetrafluoräthyl)‐trifluorsilan (I) bei 150°C durch α‐Eliminierung und anschließende Umlagerung des Carbens neben Tetrafluorsilan (II) das Trifluoräthylen (III) liefert, läßt sich das bei der Pyrolyse des entsprechenden Trichlorsilans (IV) bei 225°C entstehende 1,1‐Dichloräthylen (VIII) nur als Produkt eines Chloraustausches zwischen Silicium und Kohlenstoff erklären.
ChemInform Abstract: VON CHLORSILANEN AUSGEHENDE METHODEN ZUR KNUEPFUNG VON SILICIUM‐KOHLENSTOFF‐BINDUNGEN 4. MITT. POLYADDITION VON TRIMETHYLSILYL‐GRUPPEN AN NAPHTHALIN UND DIPHENYL
Authors: DUNOGUES J. , CALAS R. , BIRAN C. , DUFFAUT N.
Published: February 2016

In Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid läßt sich Naphthalin (II) mit Magnesium und Trimethylchlorsilan je nach den eingesetzten Mengen zum Bis‐ (trimethylsilyl)‐Produkt (I) oder zu einem Gemisch der Hexa‐kis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐Verbindungen (III) und (IV) umsetzen, die IR‐, NMR‐ und massenspektroskopisch charakterisiert wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: FREQUENZEN DER N‐O‐VALENZSCHWINGUNGEN EINIGER ORGANOSILICIUM‐, ‐GERMANIUM‐ UND ‐ZINN‐SUBSTITUIERTER PYRIDIN‐N‐OXIDE
Authors: WEINER M. A.
Published: February 2016

Die Verschiebung der N‐O‐Valenzschwingung in Pyridin‐N‐oxiden in Abhängigkeit von den Substituenten wird an den Verbindungen (I) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH., TRENNUNG UND ABSOLUTE KONFIG. VON 1‐PHENYL‐1‐METHYL‐1‐SILACYCLOHEXANON‐(2)
Authors: BROOK A. G. , KUCERA H. W. , MACRAE D. M.
Published: February 2016

Durch Hydroborierung des Silacyclohexens (I) und anschließende Oxidation erhält man das Diastereomerengemisch des Silacyclohexanols (II), das über das Strychninsalz des Phthalsäurehalbesters getrennt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER SILICIUM‐STICKSTOFF‐VERBINDUNGEN 87. MITT. SI, N, C‐SPIRAN AUS SILICIUMTETRACHLORID UND NATRIUM‐BIS‐(TRIMETHYLSILYL)‐AMID
Authors: WANNAGAT U. , HERZIG J. , BUERGER H.
Published: February 2016

Beim Eintropfen von Tetrachlorsilan in eine Natrium‐bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐ amid‐Schmelze (I) bildet sich neben Hexamethyldisilazan (II) und Trichlorsilyl‐bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐amin (III) die Spiroverbindung (IV), deren Struktur IR‐, NMR‐ und massenspektroskopisch bestätigt wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKALIMETALLKOMPLEXE 3. MITT. ADDUKTE VON 1,10‐PHENANTHROLIN MIT ALKALIMETALLSALZEN VON 1‐NITROSO‐NAPHTHOL‐(2), O‐NITRO‐PHENOL, 2,4‐ UND 2,6‐DINITROPHENOL
Authors: LAYTON A. J. , NYHOLM R. S. , BANERJEE A. K. , FENTON D. E. , LESTAS C. N. , TRUTER MARY R.
Published: February 2016

Phenanthrolin (I) bildet mit den Alkalimetallphenolaten (IIa) die entsprechenden1:1‐Addukte (IIIa) bzw. mit dem Alkalimetallphenolat (IIb) die 2:1‐Addukte (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND RK. VON THIOMETHYLDERIVATEN VON ALUMINIUM
Authors: LALANCETTE J. M. , BEAUREGARD Y. , BHEREUR M.
Published: February 2016

Die Verbindungen (I) und (II) werden aus Trimethylaluminium und Methylmercaptan nach Literaturzitaten dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON METHYLALUMINIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN MIT ACRYLNITRIL
Authors: KURAN W. , PASYNKIEWICZ S.
Published: February 2016

In Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen und dem Molverhältnis der Reaktanten wurde die Umsetzung der Methylaluminium‐Verbindungen (I) mit Acrylnitril unter Stickstoff eingehend untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SPEKTROPHOTOMETRISCHE UND KONDUKTOMETRISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DES URANYL‐KOMPLEXES MIT 1‐ISONICOTINOYL‐2‐SALICYLIDENHYDRAZIN
Authors: GUPTA U. S. , PANDE K. K.
Published: February 2016

Uranylacetat (I) bildet mit einer alkoholischen Lösung von Salinazid (II) einen Komplex, der in wäßriger Lösung als Kation (III) vorliegt.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLEKULARE ELEKTRONENUEBERTRAGUNGSRK. VON AETHYLENDIAMINTETRAACETATOCOBALTAT(III) UND VERWANDTEN KOMPLEXEN IM FESTEN ZUSTAND
Authors: NAGASE KENZO , TANAKA NOBUYUKI
Published: February 2016

Bei der Elektronenübertragung von dem Liganden im Komplex (I) auf das dreiwertige Zentralatom durch Erhitzen in festem Zustand im Vakuum bilden sich die Komplexe (II).
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON KOBALTOCEN MIT ORGANISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN UNTER SAUERSTOFF‐ATMOSPHAERE, NEUER WEG ZU PI‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐(1‐EXO‐ORGANYLCYCLOPENTADIEN)‐KOBALT‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: KOJIMA HIDETAKA , TAKAHASHI SHIGETOSHI , YAMAZAKI HIROSHI , HAGIHARA NOBUE
Published: February 2016

Kobaltocen (I) reagiert mit den Verbindungen (II) beim Einleiten von Sauerstoff zu den Co‐Komplexen (III) in 5 l ‐97%iger Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND CHARAKTERISIERUNG VON CYCLAM‐RHODIUM(III)‐KOMPLEXEN
Authors: BOUNSALL E. J. , KOPRICH S. R.
Published: February 2016

Die cis‐ und trans‐Rh(III)‐Komplexe werden aus Rh(III)‐chlorid und dem N4‐Liganden (dargestellt aus 1,3‐Dibrom‐propan und 1,9‐Diamino‐3,7‐diazanonan nach einem verbesserten Verfahren, Ausbeute 6%) bzw. durch Austausch der einzähnigen Liganden der entsprechenden Isomeren (I) bzw. (V I) gegen Na‐Salze dargestellt (Elektronen‐, IR‐Spektren, Bindungseigenschaften).
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYLHYDRIDE DES OSMIUMS UND OS(CO)4 ALS MOEGLICHER UEBERGANGSZUSTAND BEI IHRER BLDG.
Authors: MOSS J. R. , GRAHAM W. A. G.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Reaktion von Osmiumtetroxid (I) mit Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff wird außer den bekannten Osmiumcarbonylhydriden (II) und (III) das an der Luft stabile, farblose kristalline Hydrid (IV) gebildet, dessen IR‐, NMR‐ und Massen‐Spektren interpretiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PLATIN‐ACETYLEN‐ ODER ‐AETHYLENKOMPLEXE MIT BRUECKEN‐ ODER CHELATGEBUNDENEN AETHYLENDIAMINDERIVATEN
Authors: THEOPHANIDES T. , KONG P. C.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Reaktion der Platinkomplexe (I) mit Äthylendiamin und seinen Derivaten" in Wasser oder organischen Lösungsmitteln bilden sich die fünffach koordinierten Zwischenprodukte (I), die isoliert und durch IR‐, Elektronenund NMR‐Spektren sowie Leitfähigkeitsdaten charaketrisiert wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND RK. EINIGER IONISCHER ORGANOPLATIN(II)‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: HOOTON K. A.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Zugabe der Diphosphinoverbindung (II) zu dem Komplex (I) bilden sich die ionischen Chlorid‐Komplexe (III) (Ausbeute 66‐72%), aus denen durch Ionenaustausch die Tetraphenylborate (74‐82%) und das Jodid des Methylderivates (Ausbeute 76%) in acetonischer oder methanolischer Lösung erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS DER ADDITION VON FLUOROLEFINEN AN IRIDIUM(I)‐ UND PLATIN(0)‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: ASHLEY‐SMITH J. , GREEN M. , WOOD D. C.
Published: February 2016

Die trans‐Ir‐Komplexe (I) reagieren mit dem Olefin (II) zu den cis‐Komplexen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILE ADDITIONS‐ UND UMLAGERUNGS‐RK. KOORDINATIV GEBUNDENER OLEFINE
Authors: HASZELDINE R. N. , PARISH R. V. , ROBBINS D. W.
Published: February 2016

In Dichlormethan reagieren die Platin‐Dien‐Komplexe (I) mit Norbornadien oder Dicyclopentadien als Liganden mit Anilin zu den Verbindungen (III), wobei im letzteren Fall (IIb) als Zwischenprodukt gefaßt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETISCHER BEWEIS FUER DIE DELOKALISATION EINSAMER ELEKTRONENPAARE IN DEN DIAZINEN
Authors: WILSON JAMES D.
Published: February 2016

Aufgrund der magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten von Pyrazin, Pyrimidin und Pyridazin wird die Abhängigkeit der Wechselwirkung der einsamen Elektronenpaare am Stickstoff von der gegenseitigen Stellung der N‐Atome im Ring diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ESR‐SPEKTREN FREIER RADIKALE MIT DER GRUPPE ‐CO‐NH‐C=
Authors: CUVYLKIN N. D. , SCASTNEV P. V. , ALMANOV A. G. , CVETKOV JU. D.
Published: February 2016

Es werden die ESR‐Spektren eines bei Zimmertemperatur (60)Co‐γ‐bestrahlten Einkristalls von Glycyl‐β‐alanin untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MASSENSPEKTROMETRIE AUF DEM GEBIET DER STEROIDE
Authors: DJERASSI C.
Published: February 2016

Eine Reihe von Fragmentierungsprozessen der Massenspektrometrie sind für Steroide spezifisch und charakteristisch und können zur Strukturbe= Stimmung von unbekannten Steroiden herangezogen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR‐UNTERSUCHUNG VON CYCLOPROPANCARBONSAEURENITRILEN, ‐AMIDEN UND ‐CARBONSAEUREN
Authors: GIBERT CHRISTIANE , SEYDEN‐PENNE JACQUELINE
Published: February 2016

Die Stereochemie der Cyclopropanderivate (I) und (II) wurde mit Hilfe ihrer NMR‐Spektren untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS‐ALKYLIERUNG VON BENZOL MIT 1‐CHLOR‐(1,1‐D2)PROPAN
Authors: LEE C. C. , WOODCOCK D. J.
Published: February 2016

Die Produkte n‐Propyl‐ und Isopropylbenzol der mit AlCl3 in Benzol bzw. 1,2,4‐Trichlorbenzol bei 5°C bzw. 0°C durchgeführten Reaktion werden mittels NMR‐ und Massenspektrometrie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELEKTIVITAET IN DER HYDROLYSE VON DIOXOLENIUMIONEN UND ORTHOESTERN VERKNUEPFT MIT KONDENSIERTEN SECHSGLIEDRIGEN RINGEN
Authors: KING J. F. , ALLBUTT A. D.
Published: February 2016

Durch saure oder basische Hydrolyse des Dioxoleniumions (I) erhält man überwiegend den Hydroxyester (II) mit äquatorialer Hydroxy‐ und axialer Estergruppe; daneben entsteht in Spuren das Stereoisomere (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ANIONRADIKAL‐MECHANISMUS DER METALLIERUNG VON CYCLOPENTADIEN UND SEINEN ANALOGA
Authors: BITMAN G. L. , SKOROCHODOV I. I. , PEREVALOVA E. G.
Published: February 2016

Bei 25°C wird die Kinetik der Reaktion zwischen K und Cyclopentadien, Inden und Fluoren in THF sowie von Inden in 1,4‐Dioxan untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DEUTERIERUNG VON 2‐THIAADAMANTAN UND 2‐THIAADAMANTANSULFON, UNTERSUCHUNG DER STABILITAET DES ALPHA‐CARBANIONS
Authors: JANKU JOSEF , MITERA JIRI
Published: February 2016

Im Gegensatz zu 2‐Thia‐adamantan, das sich nicht deuterieren läßt, erfolgt bei dessen Sulfon unter gleichen Bedingungen (D2O/K2CO3 320 Std. bei 100°C) Deuterierung an beiden zur Sulfogruppe α‐ständigen C‐Atomen.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON NORBORNEN‐(2)‐ON‐(7) MIT GRIGNARD‐REAGENTIEN
Authors: WARKENTIN J.
Published: February 2016

Der Anteil an Addition [Bildung von 7‐Alkyl‐norboren‐(2)‐olen(7) ] und Reduktion [Bildung von Norbornen‐(2)‐olen‐(7)] sowie die syn ‐anti‐Selektivität dieser Prozesse bei der Reaktion von Norbornen‐(2)‐on‐(7) mit den Grignard‐Verbindungen (I) und (II) werden bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: GLEICHGEWICHTSEINSTELLUNG BEI CYCLOALKANIMINEN
Authors: RICHER JEAN‐CLAUDE , PERELMAN DAVID
Published: February 2016

Die Reaktion des Ketons (I) mit Benzylamin (II) führt zu dem Ketimin (III), das sich in Gegenwart von KOH zu 75% zum Aldimin (IV) isomerisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: BASISCHE UMLAGERUNG VON 1,4‐BIS‐(N,N‐DIPHENYLAMINO)‐BUTIN‐(2)
Authors: D'ANGELO JEAN
Published: February 2016

Die Umlagerung der Titelverbindung (I) durch K‐tert.‐butylat in tert‐Butanol/DMSO bei 80°C führt nach 24 Std. in 90%iger Gesamtausbeute zu einem Gemisch des cis‐cis‐ und cis‐trans‐Isomeren von (II) (30 : 70).
ChemInform Abstract: ZERS. EINIGER ARYLSULFONYLPEROXIDE IN CHLOROFORM UND BENZOL
Authors: BOLTE J. , DAUPHIN G. , KERGOMARD A.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Zersetzung des Peroxids (Ia), deren Aktivierungsparameter angegeben sind, wird in Benzol die Bildung des Sulfonats (II) und in Chloroform die Bildung der Sulfonsäure (III) nachgewiesen.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXE BASEN ′NAH‐RONA′, RK. MIT EINIGEN HALOGENDERIVATEN IN TETRAHYDROFURAN
Authors: CAUBERE P. , MOREAU J.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Reaktion von Benzylhalogeniden, wie z.B. (I), (V) und (VIII) mit komplexen Basen entstehen die Dibenzyle (III), (VI) bzw. (IX) und als Substitutionsprodukt die Äther (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSANNULARE RK. UND UMLAGERUNG DES CYCLODECAN‐SYST. BEI DER OX. VON CYCLODECANOL MIT BLEITETRAACETAT
Authors: MIHAILOVIC M. L. , ANDREJEVIC V. , JAKOVLJEVIC M. , JEREMIC D. , STOJILJKOVIC A. , PARTCH R. E.
Published: February 2016

Die Umsetzung von Cyclodecanol (I) mit Bleitetraacetat (II) in siedendem Benzol liefert die Verbindungen (III)‐(X).
ChemInform Abstract: LOESUNGSMITTELEINFLUSS AUF DIE STEREOCHEMIE DER DARZENS‐RK. 1. MITT. RK. VON BENZALDEHYD MIT CHLORESSIGSAEUREAETHYLESTER
Authors: SEYDEN‐PENNE J. , ROUX‐SCHMITT M.‐C. , ROUX A.
Published: February 2016

Die Reaktion von Benzaldehyd (I) mit dem Ester (II) liefert stereoselektiv in Benzol‐NaH oder Äthanol‐Na‐äthylat über die intermediären erythro‐ und threo‐Chlorhydrine 90 : lO‐Gemische der Glycidester (III) und (IV); in Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid (HMPT)‐NaH verläuft die Reaktion dagegen nicht stereoselektiv und ergibt ein 50 : 50‐Gemisch von (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: (2‐HALOGEN‐AETHYL)‐TRIAETHYLAMMONIUMSALZE
Authors: COWAN N. , MORGAN E. D.
Published: February 2016

(2‐Chlor‐äthyl)‐trimethylammoniumchlorid (I) (Chlorocholinchlorid, Cycocel, CCC) ist ein bekannter Gibberellinsäureantagonist und liefert beim Mais kürzere, dickere Halme und ist ferner wirksam gegen gewisse Pflanzenkrankheiten.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON TRIALKYLBORANEN MIT DIAZOACETALDEHYD, NEUE SYNTH. VON ALDEHYDEN
Authors: HOOZ JOHN , MORRISON GEOFFREY F.
Published: February 2016

Die aus den Olefinen (I) durch Hydroborierung erhaltenen Trialkylborane werden durch Reaktion mit Diazoacetaldehyd in Gegenwart von Wasser in die Aldehyde (II) (67‐88% Ausbeute) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: UMWANDLUNG VON CARBONSAEUREN IN CARBONSAEUREAMIDE DURCH TITANTETRACHLORID
Authors: WILSON JAMES D. , WEINGARTEN HAROLD
Published: February 2016

Carbonsäuren, z.B. (I), setzen sich in Gegenwart etwa stöchiometrischer Mengen Ti‐tetrachlorid mit Aminen, z.B. (II), bei Raumtemperatur in guten Ausbeuten zu Carbonsäureamiden, z.B. (III) (76% Ausbeute) um.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETYLENVERBINDUNGEN MIT POTENTIELLEM PHARMAKOLOGISCHEM WERT 14. MITT. N‐(TERT.‐AMINOALKINYL)‐SUBSTITUIERTE SUCCINIMIDE UND MALEINIMIDE, ZENTRALE ANTICHOLINERGISCHE MITTEL
Authors: KARLEN B. , LINDEKE B. , LINDGREN S. , SVENSSON K.‐G. , DAHLBOM R. , JENDEN D. J. , GIERING J. E.
Published: February 2016

Aminoacetylene (I) wurden mit Bernstein‐ oder Maleinsäureanhydriden umgesetzt zu (III) und cyclisiert zu (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON MONO‐ UND SESQUITERPENOIDEN 4. MITT. RACEMISCHES SABINAKETON
Authors: MORI K. , OHKI M. , MATSUI M.
Published: February 2016

Die Reduktion des Esters (Ia) mit Na‐B‐hydrid führt zu dem Alkohol (Ib) (83% Ausbeute), der mit NaOH in wäßrigem Äthanol in die Säure (IIa) (51%) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON ALPHA‐FLUOR‐ARYLESSIGSAEUREAETHYLESTERN
Authors: CAVALLERI B. , COMETTI A.
Published: February 2016

Fluorierung der Arylglykolsäureäthylester (I) mit l,l ,2‐Trifluor‐2‐chlortriäthylamin (II) liefert in 60‐90%iger Ausbeute die α‐Fluor‐arylessigsäureäthylester (III), die sich alkalisch zu den Säuren (IV) verseifen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐AMINOMETHYL‐BENZHYDROLE
Authors: FRETER KURT , GOETZ MANFRED
Published: February 2016

Die Darstellung von 2‐Aminomethyl‐benzhydrolen kann auf drei unterschiedlichen Wegen erfolgen: 1. Nach einer ziemlich allgemeingültigen Methode durch Reaktion des Phenylphthalids (I) mit dem Amin (II) und anschließende Reduktion des entstandenen Amids (III) zum Benzhydrol (IV) (Ausbeute 71%), 2. Wenn die zur Synthese des Phthalids (I) notwendige Benzoylbenzoesäure nicht leicht zugänglich ist, durch Spaltung des Isoindolins (V) mit Acetanhydrid (VI) und Verseifung des Diacetylderivats (VII) zum Benzhydro (VIII) (45‐60%) und 3. Um primäre Amine zu erhalten, durch Reduktion des Nitrils (IX) zum Benzhydrol (X) (82%), das mit dem Ester (XI) und durch Reduktion in das entsprechende Methylderivat (IV) umgewandelt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND DIE ANTIARRYTHMISCHE AKTIVITAET VON NAPHTHYLALKYLAMINEN
Authors: PALA G. , DONETTI A. , TURBA C. , CASADIO S.
Published: February 2016

Zur Darstellung der Naphthylalkylamine (I)‐(IV) wurden entsprechende Nitrile entweder zu Amiden hydrolysiert und nach Hofmann abgebaut oder mit Lithjumaluminiumhydrid reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. SUBSTITUIERTER NAPHTHYLCYCLOHEXAN‐DERIVATE UND VERWANDTER VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: CARPIO H. , ROOKS W. H. , CRABBE P.
Published: February 2016

Durch Kondensation von (I) mit Acetessigester (II) in basischem Medium wurde (III) erhalten, während (IV) als Nebenprodukt entstand.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOOCTATETRAENOCHINONE 1. MITT. SYNTH. UND STRUKTUR VON DIBENZO(A,E)CYCLOOCTENDION‐(5,6)
Authors: YATES PETER , LEWARS ERROL G. , MCCABE PETER H.
Published: February 2016

Durch Behandlung des Dibromids (I) mit Dimethylsulfoxid und Collidin erhält man das Dibenzocyclooctendion (II) (40% Ausbeute), das Hemiketal (III) (10%) und das Monoketon (IV) (20%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10‐OKTAHYDRO‐DICYCLOHEPTA(DE,IJ)NAPHTHALIN
Authors: FISCHER A. , LEONARD D. R. A. , HAPPER D. A. R.
Published: February 2016

Stobbe‐Kondensation von Benzosuberon (I) mit Diäthylsuccinat (II) führt zum Halbester (III), der durch Hydrolyse, Decarboxylierung und Hydrierung in die Säure (IV) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER TETRACYCLISCHEN DITERPENOIDE 10. MITT. 2‐ UND 3‐HYDROXY‐BEYERENE
Authors: HANSON J. R.
Published: February 2016

Die Reduktion der aus Spirostachys africana isolierten Beyerenons (Ia) mit Al‐isopropoxid in Isopropanol gibt die epimeren Alkohole (Ib) und (Ic).