bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relationship Between Childhood Adversity and Adult Autoimmune Symptoms
Authors: Thompson Bailey
Published: June 2024

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with negative health outcomes, including autoimmunity, in which the immune system erroneously attacks healthy body tissue. This study investigates if variations of ACEs, including type, timing, and severity, are related to autoimmunity. Participants completed an online questionnaire study which included measures of ACEs, autoimmune conditions, perceived immune status, disease severity, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Measures of familial autoimmunity, childhood socioeconomic status, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms, and childhood trauma severity, were administered. ACEs were related to an increased risk for autoimmune conditions, poorer perceived immune status, and increased disease severity. Results suggest that more types of exposure earlier in development are associated with the poorest outcomes. PTSD symptom severity does not meaningfully moderate the relationship between ACEs and autoimmunity. Implications are discussed in the context of a nonclinical sample. Limitations of this study and future directions are also presented.
The Effects of Social Anxiety, Taijin Kyofusho, Resilience, and Social Support on Acculturative Stress in Asian International Students
Authors: Lee Da Ye Andrea
Published: June 2024

The stress response to the stressors associated with acculturation is called acculturative stress, which is associated with negative outcomes such as symptoms of depression and anxiety. This thesis examined the extent to which acculturative stress is related to social anxiety, Taijin Kyofusho, resilience, social support, and types of social support in Asian international students studying in Canada. In this online cross-sectional study, a sample (n=75) of Asian international students, currently enrolled in postsecondary programs in Canada, completed self-report measures of acculturative stress, social anxiety, Taijin Kyofusho, resilience, social support, and sources of social support. The results indicated that social anxiety, Taijin Kyofusho, and resilience are related to acculturative stress, but that social anxiety is more strongly related to acculturative stress compared to Taijin Kyofusho. Social support did not predict acculturative stress, but living with family members was positively related to acculturative stress. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.
The Politics of Surveillance: Upholding the Privacy Rights of Racialized Peoples in the Digital Age
Authors: Jama Anisa
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the prevalence of AI technology and biometric data collection within institutions and its implications on democratic nations. Of particular interest, is the potential infringement on the constitutional rights to privacy. The experiences of racialized communities when met with government sanctioned surveillance schemas will also be discussed. A comparative analysis of privacy policies in North America and Europe will be examined along with a case study on the biometric data collection firm, Clearview AI.
Resilience and Food Security During Times of Crisis: Investigating the Impact of Covid-19 and Climate Change on Urban Community Gardens in the Greater Toronto Area
Authors: Robillard Paige
Published: June 2024

This qualitative study investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change on urban community gardens (UCGs) in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) with regards to use and food security. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven managers and eight members from nine gardens in the GTA. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis and grounded theory. Results suggest that the cultural ecosystem services provided by UCGs have helped people cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. While the relationship between individual food security and UCG use was not significant, participants were concerned about community food security. The main perception of climate change was increasing temperatures, alongside more persistent fungi/pests. This study supports current literature that UCGs help foster resilience in crises. Future research is needed to determine how much UCGs alleviate food insecurity in Canadians, and to further explore the role UCG cultural ecosystem services play in fostering resilience.
Exploring Urbanization-induced Wetland Loss Within the Greater Toronto Area From 2005 to 2015
Authors: Vinotheeswaran Kaushika
Published: June 2024

The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) located in Ontario, Canada, is one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in North America. Rapid urbanization within the GTA leads to increased imperviousness and surface runoff, resulting in wetland loss. Wetland cover and land cover data from the Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System was analyzed to characterize wetland loss to built-up areas and land conversions between 2005 and 2015 to evaluate the extent of urbanization-induced wetland loss. Spatial analysis determined a significant increase in the number of wetlands lost from 2005-2011 compared to 2011-2015; losses that were attributed to increased urban expansions within the GTA. Non-wetland conversions such as agricultural and impervious built-up uses to support urban expansions had a significant role in wetland loss. Wetland conservation policies must be re-evaluated to alleviate gaps in policy practice to focus on minimizing wetland loss. 
Constitutional Court of the Kyrgyz Republic in the System of Public Authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Sheripov N. , Akbaraliev M.
Published: June 2024

The special place of the Constitutional Court of the Kyrgyz Republic in the system of government bodies for the protection of the constitution, its constitutional and legal status is considered. An analysis of the opinions of leading scientists and judges who studied issues related to the role of the Constitutional Court of the Kyrgyz Republic in the system of state power and its status was carried out. The study concluded that the Constitutional Court of the Kyrgyz Republic, in its activities, determines legal positions related to the sources of constitutional law.
The Role of Pedagogical Activity and Moral Relations in the Complete Development of a Teacher
Authors: Novruzova A. , Huseynova K.
Published: June 2024

The role of the teacher and the ethics of the profession are considered. Developments on pedagogical ethics are presented. The role of pedagogical ethics and moral education in the formation of a teacher’s personality is emphasized.
Ethnoeducational Training as a Factor in Preserving and Developing Ethnic Cultural Heritage in the Educational Environment
Authors: Sarkanbaeva G. , Kaldybaeva A. , Rysbekova R.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the significance of ethnoeducational training as a key factor in preserving and developing ethnic cultural heritage in the modern educational environment. It examines the influence of ethnoeducational training on the formation of respect for cultural diversity and the development of intercultural competence as fundamental aspects of the educational process. The authors focus on the role of ethnoeducational training in shaping ethnic self-identification and pride in one’s culture among educators and students. Key methods and forms of ethnoeducational training are highlighted, such as case studies, interactive training, seminars, the study of cultural specificities, and project-based activities. Special attention is paid to creating an inclusive educational environment conducive to the preservation and development of ethnic cultural heritage. The article emphasizes the importance of ethnoeducational training for ensuring sustainable socio-cultural development and preserving cultural diversity. Practical aspects of applying ethnoeducational methods in modern education and their impact on the educational process are analyzed.
Aesthetic Principles of European and Russian Romanticism, Azerbaijani Romanticism
Authors: Ibrahimova N.
Published: June 2024

At the end of the 18thcentury, the emergence of the artistic movement of Romanticism in European culture led to innovations in aesthetic approaches not only in this region of the world, but also in a more global environment. Speaking about the genesis of Western European romanticism, one cannot ignore the role of the cultural and philosophical ideas of romanticism in those trends and methods that will be formed in subsequent stages. There is no doubt that the emergence of romanticism was able to change the worldview of people who lived at that stage, influencing all spheres of social thought. However, it is illogical to forget that there is a certain disharmony in the created process.
PADLET: POST-PANDEMIC AVENUE FOR A MORE DYNAMIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE LEARNING THROUGH ENHANCED TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION
Authors: VILLARAMA Joseph A. , BARCELITA Karen Jean C. , PILIEN Ramil V. , CRISANTO Winnie Alexa V.
Published: June 2024

Globally unprecedented changes in the education system heightened the functions and contributions of technology. Padlet emerged as an educational tool to address challenges in the continuity of quality education after the implementation of distance learning. This study examined the impact of using Padlet on second language learners’ in language and literature classes satisfaction with Padlet use. The study employed a mixed method design, which used a reliable (α=0.83) 40-item Likert scale questionnaire and five open-ended interview questions analysed thematically. Results revealed that Padlet significantly impacted (t (163) = -7.348, p<0.001) students’ proficiency in language and literature. Correspondingly, the students showed a significant improvement in submitting quality outputs, accomplishing assigned exercises on time, and establishing peer learning and encouragement. In addition, the students reported high levels of satisfaction (M=3.01, SD=0.43) with Padlet use. Therefore, schools may consider expanding Padlet’s use beyond language and literature classes to maximise its full potential in the teaching and learning paradigm.
Effect of delayed diagnosis on neuroendocrine function in individuals with suprasellar germ cell tumors
Authors: Tong Tao , Xu Jian , Chen Han , Mo Caiyan , Liang Dan , Zhong Liyong
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The impact of delayed diagnosis on tumor-related prognosis appears to be minimal in individuals with intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs). However, its effect on neuroendocrine functions remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of delayed diagnosis on neuroendocrine function in individuals with suprasellar GCTs.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 459 individuals with suprasellar GCTs and categorized them into two groups based on disease duration: delayed diagnosis (> 6 months) and non-delayed diagnosis (≤ 6 months). We compared endocrinological symptoms, neuroendocrine dysfunction and its grading (categorized into 0–3 grades based on severity), and recovery from neuroendocrine dysfunction in both groups.

Results

Patients with delayed diagnosis exhibited higher incidences of amenorrhea, slow growth, fatigue, and polyuria/polydipsia. Neuroendocrine dysfunction, including central adrenal insufficiency (CAI), central hypothyroidism (CHT), arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, and hyperprolactinemia, was more pronounced in the delayed diagnosis group at diagnosis, the end of treatment, and the last follow-up. Furthermore, individuals with delayed diagnosis showed higher grades of neuroendocrine dysfunction at diagnosis (OR=3.005, 95% CI 1.929–4.845, p<0.001), end of oncologic treatment (OR=4.802, 95% CI 2.878–8.004, p<0.001), and last follow-up(OR=2.335, 95% CI 1.307–4.170, p=0.005) after adjusting for confounders. Finally, less recovery, particularly in CAI, CHT, and AVP-D, was seen among the group with delayed diagnosis after treatment.

Conclusion

Among individuals with suprasellar GCTs, delayed diagnosis is associated with increased, more severe, and less recovered neuroendocrine dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to reduce neuroendocrine dysfunction.
Application of amphiregulin in IVM culture of immature human oocytes and pre-insemination culture for COCs in IVF cycles
Authors: Fan Yongqi , Wang Jing , Ye Tingting , Yang Dandan , Zhang Qiqi , Zhang Chao , Yan Bo , Wang Qiushuang , Ding Ding , Chen Beili , Zou Weiwei , Ji Dongmei , Zou Huijuan , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: June 2024

Background

Amphiregulin (AR) is a growth factor that resembles the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serves various functions in different cells. However, no systematic studies or reports on the role of AR in human oocytes have currently been performed or reported. This study aimed to explore the role of AR in human immature oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in achieving better embryonic development and to provide a basis for the development of a pre-insemination culture medium specific for cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs).

Methods

First, we examined the concentration of AR in the follicular fluid (FF) of patients who underwent routine IVF and explored the correlation between AR levels and oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development. Second, AR was added to the IVM medium to culture immature oocytes and investigate whether AR could improve the effects of IVM. Finally, we pioneered the use of a fertilization medium supplemented with AR for the pre-insemination culture of COCs to explore whether the involvement of AR can promote the maturation and fertilization of IVF oocytes, as well as subsequent embryonic development.

Results

A total of 609 FF samples were examined, and a positive correlation between AR levels and blastocyst formation was observed. In our IVM study, the development potential and IVM rate of immature oocytes, as well as the fertilization rate of IVM oocytes in the AR-added groups, were ameliorated significantly compared to the control group (All P < 0.05). Only the IVM-50 group had a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate than the control group (P < 0.05). In the final IVF study, the maturation, fertilization, high-quality embryo, blastocyst formation, and high-quality blastocyst rates of the AR-added group were significantly higher than those of the control group (All P < 0.05).

Conclusion

AR levels in the FF positively correlated with blastocyst formation, and AR involvement in pre-insemination cultures of COCs can effectively improve laboratory outcomes in IVF. Furthermore, AR can directly promote the in vitro maturation and developmental potential of human immature oocytes at an optimal concentration of 50 ng/ml.
Galectin-9 as an indicator of functional limitations and radiographic joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Guo Jiewen , Ai Xiaoyuan , Jia Baixue , Zhong Xiaoling , Liu Lixiong , Hu Qiu , Xie Jingyi , Hong Xiaoping , Chen Yulan , Liu Dongzhou
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous studies have revealed that Galectin-9 (Gal-9) acts as an apoptosis modulator in autoimmunity and rheumatic inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of Gal-9 as a biomarker in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially as an indicator of functional limitations and radiographic joint damage.

Methods

A total of 146 patients with RA and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Clinical data including disease activity, physical function, and radiographic joint damage were assessed. Functional limitation was defined as the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index >1. Subjects with joint erosion >0 or joint space narrowing >0 were considered to have radiographic joint damage. Serum Gal-9 levels were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between Gal-9 and high disease activity and functional limitations, and a prediction model was established to construct predictive nomograms.

Results

Serum levels of Gal-9 were significantly increased in patients with RA compared to those in healthy controls (median 13.1 ng/mL vs. 7.6 ng/mL). Patients with RA who were older (>65 years), had a longer disease duration (>5 years), longer morning stiffness (>60mins), elevated serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, and difficult-to-treat RA had significantly higher Gal-9 levels than those in the corresponding control subgroups (all p <0.05). Patients with RA were divided into two subgroups according to the cut-off value of Gal-9 of 11.6 ng/mL. Patients with RA with Gal-9 >11.6 ng/mL had a significantly higher core clinical disease activity index, HAQ scores, Sharp/van der Heijde modified Sharp scores, as well as a higher percentage of advanced joint damage (all p<0.05) than patients with Gal-9 ≤11.6 ng/mL. Accordingly, patients with RA presenting either functional limitations or radiographic joint damage had significantly higher serum Gal-9 levels than those without (both p <0.05). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a serum level of Gal-9 >11.6 ng/mL was an independent risk factor for high disease activity (OR=3.138, 95% CI 1.150–8.567, p=0.026) and presence of functional limitations (OR=2.455, 95% CI 1.017–5.926, p=0.046), respectively.

Conclusion

Gal-9 could be considered as a potential indicator in patients with RA, especially with respect to functional limitations and joint damage.
Characterising a potential nearshore nursery ground for the blackchin guitarfish (Glaucostegus cemiculus) in Ma’agan Michael, Israel
Authors: Azrieli Barak , Cohen Eynav , Livne Leigh , Ramon Debra , Tsemel Anat , Bigal Eyal , Shemesh Eli , Zemah-Shamir Ziv , Barash Adi , Tchernov Dan , Scheinin Aviad
Published: June 2024

The blackchin guitarfish Glaucostegus cemiculus has suffered severe declines and regional extirpation throughout its known distributions. While this species and its relative, the common guitarfish Rhinobatos rhinobatos, have been described in the Mediterranean Sea with co-occurring habitat ranges, no research has recorded the existence or extent of these two separate populations along the Israeli coastal waters. Along a particular coast in Israel, Ma’agan Michael, fishermen have reported annual observations of juvenile guitarfish between June to November for the last forty years. Based on these citizen-based observations the main research objective is to establish whether Ma’agan Michael fulfils all three criteria from the literature by Dr Michelle Heupel, allowing it to be acknowledged as a nursery ground for G. cemiculus. The methodology built for this objective integrates biological characteristics data with the identification of a recurrent seasonal distribution. Visual surveys exhibited a significantly higher abundance in Ma’agan Michael when compared to an adjacent area (Caesarea), with 2,096 recorded observations overall. Additionally, using a species-specific modified Catch and Release protocol, a total of 492 juveniles were captured with a beach seine net. During these capturing events, individuals were morphometrically measured and sampled for future genetic analyses. Out of these, 327 specimens were also fitted for PIT tags to track recaptures in subsequent captures. The highest abundance of neonates was caught from August to September each year (2017–2019), and all individuals captured during this study were identified in the field as G. cemiculus, ranging from 20–35 cm in length (85% of captures). Many specimens had an umbilical cord scar (n = 88), with a large percentage possessing visual remains of the yolk sac. For the first time, this study provides an inter-year description of the species Glaucostegus cemiculus present along the Israeli shoreline.
Role of exosomes in exacerbations of asthma and COPD: a systematic review
Authors: Laitano Rossella , Calzetta Luigino , Motta Enrico , Puxeddu Ermanno , Rogliani Paola
Published: June 2024

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic respiratory disorders characterized by airways obstruction and chronic inflammation. Exacerbations lead to worsening of symptoms and increased airflow obstruction in both airways diseases, and they are associated with increase in local and systemic inflammation. Exosomes are cell-derived membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that reflect their cellular origin. Through the transfer of these molecules, exosomes act as mediators of intercellular communication. Via selective delivery of their contents to target cells, exosomes have been proved to be involved in regulation of immunity and inflammation. Although, exosomes have been extensively investigated in different diseases, little is currently known about their role in asthma and COPD pathogenesis, and particularly in exacerbations. This review aims to systemically assess the potential role of exosomes in asthma and COPD exacerbations.
An analysis of stimulation methods used in rehabilitation equipment for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Guo Cunxiao , Cun Yongdan , Xia Bo , Chen Suyu , Zhang Can , Chen Yiping , Shan Exian , Zhang Pengyue , Tai Xiantao
Published: June 2024

Objective

This paper summarizes the research progress into stimulation methods used in rehabilitation equipment for pediatric cerebral palsy (CP) for the past 20 years from 2003 to 2023. We also provide ideas for innovative research and development of artificial intelligence-based rehabilitation equipment.

Methods

Through a certain search strategy, Keywords are searched in the China National Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), the Wanfang Database knowledge service platform, the Chongqing VIP information service, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Medline, Embase, and IEEE database. A total of 3,049 relevant articles were retrieved, and 49 articles were included that mentioned research and development of rehabilitation equipment. We excluded articles that were not specific to children with CP, were duplicated or irrelevant literature, were missing data, the full article was not available, the article did not describe the method of stimulation used with the rehabilitation equipment on children with CP, were not Chinese and English, and were the types of reviews and commentaries.

Results

Physical stimulation is the main stimulation method of rehabilitation equipment for children with CP. Force stimulation is the main mode of physical stimulation, and there are 17 articles that have verified the clinical efficacy of force stimulation-based equipment.

Conclusion

Research on the stimulation mode of pediatric cerebral palsy rehabilitation equipment is likely to focus on simulating the force of the Chinese medicine called “tuina manipulation.” When this method is combined with artificial intelligence and personalized direction we believe this will lay the foundation for future development of a novel therapy for children with CP.
Enhancing brain tumor detection in MRI with a rotation invariant Vision Transformer
Authors: Krishnan Palani Thanaraj , Krishnadoss Pradeep , Khandelwal Mukund , Gupta Devansh , Nihaal Anupoju , Kumar T. Sunil
Published: June 2024

Background

The Rotation Invariant Vision Transformer (RViT) is a novel deep learning model tailored for brain tumor classification using MRI scans.

Methods

RViT incorporates rotated patch embeddings to enhance the accuracy of brain tumor identification.

Results

Evaluation on the Brain Tumor MRI Dataset from Kaggle demonstrates RViT's superior performance with sensitivity (1.0), specificity (0.975), F1-score (0.984), Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC) (0.972), and an overall accuracy of 0.986.

Conclusion

RViT outperforms the standard Vision Transformer model and several existing techniques, highlighting its efficacy in medical imaging. The study confirms that integrating rotational patch embeddings improves the model's capability to handle diverse orientations, a common challenge in tumor imaging. The specialized architecture and rotational invariance approach of RViT have the potential to enhance current methodologies for brain tumor detection and extend to other complex imaging tasks.
Effects of cannabidiol, with and without ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, on anxiety-like behavior following alcohol withdrawal in mice
Authors: Melkumyan Mariam , Annaswamy Vibha M. , Evans Alexandra M. , Showemimo Opeyemi F. , McCullers Zari E. , Sun Dongxiao , Murphy Terrence E. , Vrana Kent E. , Arnold Amy C. , Raup-Konsavage Wesley M. , Silberman Yuval
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is commonly associated with anxiety disorders and enhanced stress-sensitivity; symptoms that can worsen during withdrawal to perpetuate continued alcohol use. Alcohol increases neuroimmune activity in the brain. Our recent evidence indicates that alcohol directly modulates neuroimmune function in the central amygdala (CeA), a key brain region regulating anxiety and alcohol intake, to alter neurotransmitter signaling. We hypothesized that cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which are thought to reduce neuroinflammation and anxiety, may have potential utility to alleviate alcohol withdrawal-induced stress-sensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors via modulation of CeA neuroimmune function.

Methods

We tested the effects of CBD and CBD:THC (3:1 ratio) on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroimmune function in the CeA of mice undergoing acute (4-h) and short-term (24-h) withdrawal from chronic intermittent alcohol vapor exposure (CIE). We further examined the impact of CBD and CBD:THC on alcohol withdrawal behaviors in the presence of an additional stressor.

Results

We found that CBD and 3:1 CBD:THC increased anxiety-like behaviors at 4-h withdrawal. At 24-h withdrawal, CBD alone reduced anxiety-like behaviors while CBD:THC had mixed effects, showing increased center time indicating reduced anxiety-like behaviors, but increased immobility time that may indicate increased anxiety-like behaviors. These mixed effects may be due to altered metabolism of CBD and THC during alcohol withdrawal. Immunohistochemical analysis showed decreased S100β and Iba1 cell counts in the CeA at 4-h withdrawal, but not at 24-h withdrawal, with CBD and CBD:THC reversing alcohol withdrawal effects..

Discussion

These results suggest that the use of cannabinoids during alcohol withdrawal may lead to exacerbated anxiety depending on timing of use, which may be related to neuroimmune cell function in the CeA.
Mapping the current trends and hotspots of adult hippocampal neurogenesis from 2004–2023: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Ye , Zhang Jian , Gu Xiyao , Jia Shushan
Published: June 2024

Objective

We utilized bibliometric and data visualization techniques to discern the primary research domains and emerging frontiers in the field of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN).

Methods

We systematically searched the Web of Science database for AHN-related articles published between 2004 and 2023. The retrieved articles were filtered based on publication types (articles and reviews) and language (English). We employed CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the online bibliometric platform (bibliometric.com) to visualize and analyze the collected data.

Results

In total, 1,590 AHN-related publications were discovered, exhibiting a steady increase in yearly publications over time. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in AHN research in terms of both publication quantity and national influence. Among all research institutions in the field of AHN, the University of California System exhibited the highest impact. Kempermann, Gerd was the most active author. The publications of the top three active authors primarily focused on the functions of AHN, and reversing hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment by improving AHN. An analysis of reference co-citation clustering revealed 8 distinct research clusters, and the notable ones included “adult hippocampal neurogenesis,” “neurogenesis,” “hippocampus,” “dentate gyrus,” “neural stem cell,” and “depression.” Additionally, a burst keyword detection indicated that ‘anxiety’ is a current research hotspot in the field of AHN.

Conclusion

This in-depth bibliographic assessment of AHN offers a deeper insight into the present research hotspots in the field. The association between AHN and cognitive diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and anxiety, has emerged as a prominent research hotspot.
Analysis on the pathogenesis and treatment progress of NRG1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Hongyan , Xu Lina , Cao Hongshun , Wang Tianyi , Yang Siwen , Tong Yixin , Wang Linlin , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2024

Lung cancer persistently leads as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among malignancies. A notable increase in the prevalence of lung adenocarcinoma has become evident in recent years. Although targeted therapies have shown in treating certain subsets of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), a significant proportion of patients still face suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), a critical member of the NRG gene family, initially drew interest due to its distribution within the nascent ventricular endocardium, showcasing an exclusive presence in the endocardium and myocardial microvessels. Recent research has highlighted NRG1’s pivotal role in the genesis and progression across a spectrum of tumors, influencing molecular perturbations across various tumor-associated signaling pathways. This review provides a concise overview of NRG1, including its expression patterns, configuration, and fusion partners. Additionally, we explore the unique features and potential therapeutic strategies for NRG1 fusion-positive occurrences within the context of NSCLC.
Synthesis of current pediatric urinary microbiome research
Authors: Jeries Layla M. , Sysoeva Tatyana A. , Karstens Lisa , Kelly Maryellen S.
Published: June 2024

The human urinary bladder hosts a complex microbial community of low biomass referred to as the urobiome. While the composition of the urobiome has been investigated in adults for over a decade now, only a few studies have considered the presence and composition of the urobiome in children. It is critical to explore how the urobiome develops throughout the life span and how it changes in the presence of various health conditions. Therefore, we set to review the available data on pediatric urobiome composition and its development with age and disease. In addition, we focused on identifying and reporting specific gaps in our knowledge of the pediatric urobiome that we hope will be addressed by future studies in this swiftly developing field with fast-improving methods and consensus.
COL4A1 gene mutations and perinatal intracranial hemorrhage in neonates: case reports and literature review
Authors: Bersani Iliana , Ronci Sara , Savarese Immacolata , Piersigilli Fiammetta , Micalizzi Alessia , Maddaloni Chiara , Dotta Andrea , Braguglia Annabella , Longo Daniela , Campi Francesca
Published: June 2024

Intracranial hemorrhage may represent a complication of the perinatal period that affects neonatal morbidity and mortality. Very poor data exist about a possible association between mutations of the type IV collagen a1 chain (COL4A1) gene and the development of intracranial hemorrhage, and only sporadic reports focus on intracerebral bleedings already developing in utero or in the neonatal period in infants with such a mutation. This study presents a case series of term neonates affected by intracranial hemorrhage, with no apparent risk factors for the development of this condition, who were carriers of COL4A1 gene variants. This study also provides a review of the most recent scientific literature on this topic, specifically focusing on the available scientific data dealing with the perinatal period.
A trans-umbilical single-site plus one robotic-assisted surgery for choledochal cyst resection in children
Authors: Lin Yucan , Chen Shan , Lin Yang , Zhang Ling , Wang Jianbin , Qiu Xinyi , Xu Di , Li Lizhi
Published: June 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study is to compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of a trans-umbilical single-site plus one robot-assisted surgery and a trans-umbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of choledochal cysts.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 49 children diagnosed with choledochal cysts who were admitted to our hospital between June 2020 and December 2023. Among these patients, 24 underwent a trans-umbilical single-site plus one Da Vinci robot-assisted surgery (the robot group) and 25 underwent a trans-umbilical single-site laparoscopic-assisted surgery (the laparoscopic group). We compared differences in intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between the two groups.

Results

There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in terms of gender, age, weight, clinical symptoms, maximum cyst diameter, type, postoperative complications, and facial expression, leg movement, activity, crying, and comfortability (FLACC) scoring (p > 0.05). Compared with the patients in the laparoscopic group, those in the robot group had less intraoperative bleeding [10 (8–12) vs. 15 (11.5–18) ml, p < 0.001] and required less postoperative drainage tube indwelling time [5 (4–6) vs. 7 (5.5–8) day, p < 0.001], less postoperative fasting time [4 (3–4) vs. 6 (5–7) days, p < 0.001], and less postoperative hospitalization time [6 (6–7) vs. 8 (6–10) days, p < 0.001], but they required more operative time [385.5 (317.0–413.3) vs. 346.0 (287.0–376.5) min, p = 0.050] and consumed more hospitalization expenses (79,323 ± 3,124 vs. 31,121 ± 2,918 yuan, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed a shorter hospitalization time, quicker postoperative recovery, and less tissue damage but a higher cost and a longer operation time in patients who chose robotic surgery rather than laparoscopic surgery. With the continuous expansion of the scale of installed robot-assisted surgical systems and the gradual accumulation of the technical experience of surgeons, robot-assisted surgery may slowly surpass, and shows a trend to replace, laparoscopy because of its advantages.
Tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: recent research progress
Authors: Li Ziwei , Duan Dongyu , Li Li , Peng Dan , Ming Yue , Ni Rui , Liu Yao
Published: June 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the cancers that seriously threaten human health. Immunotherapy serves as the mainstay of treatment for HCC patients by targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. However, the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is limited when HCC becomes drug-resistant. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important factor in the negative regulation of PD-1 antibody targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, as an emerging direction in cancer immunotherapy research for the treatment of HCC, it is crucial to elucidate the correlations and mechanisms between TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune tolerance. This paper summarizes the effects of TAMs on the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and their impact on HCC anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and further explores current potential therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in HCC, including eliminating TAMs in the TME, inhibiting TAMs recruitment to tumors and functionally repolarizing M2-TAMs (tumor-supportive) to M1-TAMs (antitumor type).
Dysrhythmic saliva microbiota in mobile phone addicts with sleep disorders and restored by acupuncture
Authors: Mei Ying-Xiu , Yang Kun , Zhang Lu , Jin Yue , Yang Ni , Yang Hong , Zheng Ya-Li , Pang Yue-Shan , Gong Yan-Ju , Zhou Hang , Zuo Yu-Lin , Ding Wei-Jun
Published: June 2024

Background

Mobile phone addiction (MPA) greatly affects the biological clock and sleep quality and is emerging as a behavioral disorder. The saliva microbiota has been linked to circadian rhythms, and our previous research revealed dysrhythmic saliva metabolites in MPA subjects with sleep disorders (MPASD). In addition, acupuncture had positive effects. However, the dysbiotic saliva microbiota in MPASD patients and the restorative effects of acupuncture are unclear.

Objectives

To probe the circadian dysrhythmic characteristics of the saliva microbiota and acupunctural restoration in MPASD patients.

Methods

MPASD patients and healthy volunteers were recruited by the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Saliva samples were collected every 4 h for 72 h. After saliva sampling, six MPDSD subjects (group M) were acupuncturally treated (group T), and subsequent saliva sampling was conducted posttreatment. Finally, all the samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.

Results

Significantly increased MPATS and PSQI scores were observed in MPDSD patients (p< 0.01), but these scores decreased (p<0.001) after acupuncture intervention. Compared with those in healthy controls, the diversity and structure of the saliva microbiota in MPASD patients were markedly disrupted. Six genera with circadian rhythms were detected in all groups, including Sulfurovum, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas and Prevotella. There were five genera with circadian rhythmicity in healthy people, of which the rhythmicities of the genera Rothia and Lautropia disappeared in MPASD patients but effectively resumed after acupuncture intervention.

Conclusions

This work revealed dysrhythmic salivary microbes in MPASD patients, and acupuncture, as a potential intervention, could be effective in mitigating this ever-rising behavioral epidemic.
Bovine colostrum supplementation as a new perspective in depression and substance use disorder treatment: a randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Durkalec-Michalski Krzysztof , Główka Natalia , Podgórski Tomasz , Odrobny Weronika , Krawczyński Marcin , Botwina Ryszard , Bodzicz Stanisław , Nowaczyk Paulina M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3-month supplementation of bovine colostrum (BOV-COL; 8x400 mg per day) on the outcomes of depression treatment in hospitalized patients with substance use disorder (SUD). The hypothesis is that BOV-COL supplementation as an add-on treatment results in favorable alternations in selected blood inflammatory markers or neurotransmitters, leading to better depression treatment outcomes compared with placebo (PLA).

Methods

Patients with a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 score ≥60 points were enrolled. Twenty-nine participants (n=18 in the BOV-COL group and n=11 in the PLA group) completed the protocol.

Results

The mean Beck Depression Inventory-II score was significantly reduced after supplementation in both groups. However, the mean 17-point Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score was decreased in the BOV-COL group, but not in the PLA group. In the BOV-COL group, there was a reduction in interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, the IL-6:IL-10 ratio, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), while in the PLA group only IL-6 decreased. Favorable alternations in the total count and differentials of white blood cell subsets were more pronounced in the BOV-COL. There were no changes in neurotransmitter concentrations.

Conclusions

BOV-COL supplementation is a promising add-on therapy in patients with depression and SUD.
“I feel [so alone] nothing” – emotional vulnerability and detachment as transdiagnostic key characteristics of patients with chronic tinnitus: a schema mode model approach
Authors: Boecking Benjamin , Brueggemann Petra , Mazurek Birgit
Published: June 2024

Background

Gold-standard approaches for chronic tinnitus involve hearing amplification measures and psychological therapy, where applicable. Whilst schema therapy is accumulating evidence as a transdiagnostically useful treatment framework, its applicability for patients with chronic tinnitus has not yet been examined. The present study (a) explores latent dimensions of psychological distress in a sample of chronic tinnitus patients, and (b) examines whether the schema mode model might explain these dimensions – thus constituting a potentially helpful conceptualization and treatment framework.

Methods

N = 696 patients with chronic tinnitus completed the Tinnitus Questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire and ICD-10 Symptom Rating. As criterion, patients further completed the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI-r) – which assesses psychological constructs linked to negative self-beliefs (“parent modes”), primary emotions resulting from unmet psychological needs (“child modes”), and secondary emotional or behavioral attempts to reinstate or maintain psychological equilibrium (“coping modes”). A varimax-rotated principal axis factor analysis grouped the primary item pool. Factor scale scores were then correlated with the SMI-r.

Results

A three-factor solution explained 37.4% of variance and represented 78% of the included items. Following item content examination, the factors represented (1) General emotional distress, (2) Tinnitus-attributed emotional distress, and (3) Socio-audiological impairment. Factors 1|2 correlated highly (r = 0.70), Factors 2|3 moderately (r = 0.62). Linked to the schema mode model, Factor 1 correlated highly with the “vulnerable child” (r = 0.78), and moderately with the “parent”, “angry child”, and “detached protector” modes (0.53 < r < 0.65). Factor 2 correlated moderately with the “vulnerable child” (r = 0.53). Factor 3 was largely uncorrelated with SMI-r scores – although a low correlation with the “detached protector” warrants further examination.

Conclusion

“General” and “tinnitus-attributed” emotional distress correlate highly – warranting holistic (not symptom-specific) psychological case conceptualization and treatment planning. Viewed from a schema mode perspective, the “vulnerable child” explains substantial variance across both dimensions. Consequently, autobiographically anchored, unmet emotional needs and emotional detachment constitute key treatment targets. Social-audiological impairment should be multimodally conceptualised and treated with hearing aids and psychological support measures, as applicable.
Effectiveness of a program to lower unwanted media screens among 2–5-year-old children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaur Nimran , Gupta Madhu , Chakrapani Venkatesan , Khan Firoz , Malhi Prahbhjot , Kiran Tanvi , Grover Sandeep
Published: June 2024

Background

Limited interventions exist on reducing unwanted screen time (ST) among children from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), so we developed and assessed the effectiveness of the program to lower unwanted media screen time (PLUMS) among children aged 2–5 years in Chandigarh, Union Territory, North India.

Methods

An open-label randomized control parallel group trial per CONSORT guidelines was conducted among randomly selected 340 families with children aged 2–5 (±3 months) years in Chandigarh, India. PLUMS was implemented at the family level with a focus on modifying the home media environment and targeted individual-level interventions using parent and child modules for 2 months. A post-intervention (immediately) and a follow-up assessment after 6 months was done. During the follow-up period, the interaction was done passively via WhatsApp groups. The control group received routine healthcare services. Validated and standardized tools, including a digital screen exposure questionnaire with a physical activity component, preschool child behavior checklist, and sleep disturbance scale for children, were used to collect data at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up periods. The primary outcome was the mean difference in ST (minutes/day) among children in the intervention group versus the control group. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was performed to adjust for clustering.

Results

An equal number of families (n = 170) were randomly assigned to the intervention and control arms. In the post-intervention assessment, 161 and 166 families continued while, at the follow-up assessment, 154 and 147 were in the intervention and control arm, respectively. The mean difference in ST on a typical day [27.7 min, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.1, 50.3] at the post-intervention assessment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the intervention (102.6 ± 98.5 min) arm as compared with the control (130.3 ± 112.8 min) arm. A significant reduction in ST (β = −35.81 min, CI -70.6, −1.04) from baseline (β = 123.1 min) to follow-up phase (β = 116 min) was observed in GEE analysis. The duration of physical activity increased both at post-intervention (β = 48.4 min, CI = +6.6, +90.3) and follow-up (β = 73.4 min, CI = 36.2, 110.5) assessments in the intervention arm.

Conclusion

The PLUMS intervention significantly reduced the children’s mean ST on a typical day and increased the physical activity immediately post-intervention and during the 6-month follow-up period. These results might guide the policymakers to include strategies in the national child health programs in the Southeast Asia Region to reduce unwanted ST.

Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier CTRI/2017/09/009761.
Cultural adaptation of the brain health assessment for early detection of cognitive impairment in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuagu Chukwuanugo , Ogbuagu Ekenechukwu , Emelumadu Obiageli , Okereke Uzoma , Okeke Irene , Chigbo Godswill , Possin Katherine L. , Allen Isabel E. , Tsoy Elena , Uwakwe Richard
Published: June 2024

Objective

The aging population in developing countries demands parallel improvements in brain health assessment services to mitigate stigma, promote healthy aging, and diagnose cognitive impairments including dementia in primary health care (PHC) facilities. The lack of culturally appropriate cognitive assessment tools in PHC facilities delays early detection. This study aims to culturally adapt a brief digital cognitive assessment tool for PHC professionals in Southeast Nigeria.

Method

A total of 30 participants (15 healthcare workers HCW and 15 community members) were selected to be culturally representative of the community. We completed focus groups and pilot testing to evaluate and refine the Brain Health Assessment (BHA) a subset of tools from the Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool (TabCAT) known to be sensitive to cognitive impairment in other settings. We examined BHA subtests across local languages (Pidgin and Igbo) spoken at two geriatric clinics in Anambra State Southeast Nigeria.

Results

Following structured approaches in focus groups, adaptations were made to the Favorites (memory) and Line Length (visuospatial) subtests based on their input. Participants found the new adaptations to have good construct validity for the region.

Conclusions

The BHA subtests showed content validity for future work needed to validate the tool for detecting early cognitive changes associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in PHC settings. The use of culturally adapted and concise digital cognitive assessment tools relevant to healthcare professionals in Southeast Nigeria's PHCs is advocated.