bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Di Balik Hijab: Interaksi Antara Ikhwan dan Akhwat Anggota Wahdah Islamiyah
Authors: Arsyad Hijriah Hijriah
Published: January 2021

While most of the existing literatures deal with hijab in the context of clothing, this article focuses on hijab as the bulkhead between men and women. I examine how hijab is understood, is indoctrinised, and is applied in activities conducted by Wahdah Islamiyah.
This qualitative research was conducted in Makassar as the center of Wahdah Islamiyah Organisation in Indonesia. It involved 12 informants, consisting of evelen akhwat and an ikhwan. Their age ranging between 22 and 50 years, and from various statuses, from research and development coordinator, active cadres, to ex-staff official at Wahdah Islamiyah. Data was collected using in-depth interview and observation. 
The study indicates hijab in the context of Wahdah Islamiyah is divided into three, clothing hijab, heart hijab, and barrier hijab. Even though these three tpoes of hijab is associated with the interaction manner between ikhwan and akhwat, each has its own uniqueness. While clothing hijab is related to body cover from head to toe; heart hijab is associated with how hijab is applied in everyday life; barrier hijab is related to the barrier between ikhwan and akhwat in their social interaction. In Wahdah Islamiyah, hijab has been introduced from the beginning dam is internalized in tarbiyah, from the basic to the advance level, from the introduction, understanding, the application of hijab. In teraction between ikhwan and akhwat is always insulated by hijab. There are a number of strategy to limit the interaction behind the hijab, and they are using email, connection letter, social media (such as Whatsapp), text messages, etc. A number of activities that involved ikhwan and akhwat have to employ barrier hijab such as musyawarah, study, tarbiyah and tahsin, walimah, and they are using barrier hijab in such social interaction. It is argued in this article that hijab pembatas plays a significant role in Wahdah Islamiyah activities that involve ikhwan and akhwat.
Penggunaan E-wallet di Kalangan Mahasiswa
Authors: Nawawi Hizbul Hadi
Published: January 2021

Internet users are growing rapidly from time to time throughout the world, including Indonesia. As a result, consumer needs in terms of making payments have changed towards non-cash payments, namely e-wallets, which have become a huge potential in the e-commerce market. The preference for e-wallet transactions is increasing compared to using cash on hand. Most of its users are millennials, including students. This study examines knowledge related to the use of e-wallets and the reasons behind its use. The study involve ten college students, consisting of nine female students, and a male student whose age varies between 19 and 23 years.  They come from various universities. Using qualitative approach, this study use in-depth interview as the primary data collection technique and secondary data obtained from relevant website. This research shows that e-wallet is not only understood as a place to store money electronically, but also as a digital payment.  In Indonesia there are various e-wallet products. Among others OVO, Gopay, and DANA are the most popular ones. There are three aspects related to the students’ knowledge about e-wallet: source of information, features, and its use. Advertisements from social media, television, and transportation applications are the main sources of information about e-wallets. E-wallet offered various features, such as topping up, paying bills and pulses, and transferring and withdrawing from e-wallets to bank partners. E-wallet is used for a variety of purpose, such as to pay online transportation, to buy food/drinks, to pay bills, etc.  There are three basic reasons why students use e-wallet as a payment method, namely because of the promos offered, convenience in transactions, and ease to operate. To attract people to use e-wallets, service providers must work with various merchants, whose promos are increasingly attracting users to use e-wallet for payment. In using e-wallets, students not only feel comfortable, but also convenience in payment because it can be done anywhere as long as the user is connected to the internet.
Keywords : Millenial generation, students, e-wallet, internet, cashless, and digital payment.
Sentiment Analysis Techniques and Application-Survey and Taxonomy
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, Sokoto- Nigeria, Umar Mahmood
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, social media platforms, blogs, and e-commerce are commonly use to express opinion on politics, movies, products, education respectively; for election forecasting, business boosting and improvement of teaching and learning. As a result, data generation becomes easier; producing big data which requires appropriate techniques and tools to analyse easily, accurately and timely. Thus, making sentiment analysis very demanding research area. This study will investigate on what basis (sentiment classification level) or area of application (data source) do supervised machine learning approaches particularly Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, and Maximum Entropy algorithms, and other technique-lexicon-based approach give the best result in sentiment analysis. Based on the review of the literature there is a contradiction on the point that SVM generated the best result in analyzing student sentiment on document level. This study also discovers that sentiment analysis differs from system to system based on polarity (types of the classes to predict: positive or negative, subjective or objective), different levels of classification (sentence, phrase, or document level) and language that is processed. This research produces a taxonomy which serves as a guide for the choice of techniques in sentiment analysis. The taxonomy explores the sentiment classification levels and data preprocessing stages. It also explores that sentiment analysis techniques were organised in to three (3) groups; Machine learning, Lexicon and hybrid or combination. The machine learning techniques were sub-grouped in to two (2) namely; supervised and unsupervised. The supervised were organized in to two (2): Classification and Regression. un-supervised machine learning techniques includes clustering and association. The clustering technique consist of k-means. Decision tree which is a classification based under supervised type of machine learning technique consist of random forest,(Akinkunmi, 2019) while the ruled-based classifiers consist of confidence criterion and support criterion. The commonly used tools are Weka, Python compiler, and R programming tool.
The Effect of Selected Socio-Economic Determinants of Health on Maternal/ Child Health in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Management Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, Vincent Atayi Abraham
Published: January 2021

The research examines the effect of socio-economic determinants of health on maternal / child health in Nigeria. Some level of improvement has been seen in every part of the world, while maternal mortality rates remain unacceptably high in Nigeria. This qualitative study was conducted in order to examine selected socioeconomic determinants of health and ways of dealing with mechanisms for improving maternal / child health among Nigerian women. A narrative literature review design was implemented using a variety of search engines that use a Boolean search technique to retrieve research publications. In the study, selected socio-economic health determinants that adversely affect maternal / child health were recognized. The determinants chosen include the health care provider's attitude, economic/financial inequality, regional (transport issues), vulnerability, marital status and age, education, gender equality, material and human capital, socio-cultural factors, and health care system delivery. Whereas good footwear, good dependency on social networks, education in maternal/child health, gender equity and involvement of men in reproductive health activities have been found to be common strategies for addressing maternal health services
Resources Efficiency Based on Village-Fund for Local Economic Development
Authors:   Economic and Accounting Department, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Indonesia, Diatmika I Putu Gede
Published: January 2021

Local economic development to achieve increased welfare, encourage economic growth through the use of village funds. One of the villages that needs to be developed is Panji Village, Buleleng Regency. The local community has local potential and resources, most of the people work in the agricultural sector, so in order to optimize the use of village funds, the community has the potential and resources to develop local economies based on village funds in creating sustainable economic growth. Through the use of village funds in Panji Village, the government and the community develop water facilities between the rice fields with the aim of increasing community income and boosting tourism in Panji Village. The domino effect can help products in Panji Village starting from organic rice and products from Family Welfare Empowerment through Panji Village's Women Farmers Group (Kelompok Wanita Tani; KWT) such as Sari Jahe Merah, Panji Herbal Sari Temulawak, Tamba Waras Sari Kunyit and Tamba Sane Sari Rhizome
Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Returns Revisited
Authors:   Department of Economics and Finance College of Business Administration Niagara University, 5795 Lewiston Rd, Niagara University, NY 14109, Wang Feifei
Published: January 2021

I revisit the relation between macroeconomic activities and stock prices by selecting the most important macroeconomic variables that are appropriate for analyzing their impact on stock returns. Using vector autogressive models (VAR), combined with co integration analysis and the vector error correction model (VECM) I estimate the explanatory power of each macroeconomic variable on the variations of the stock prices and distinguish the short-run from long-run movements among all key macroeconomic variables. I find that (1) in the short-run macroeconomic variables do not appear help explain changes in stock returns, (2) in the long-run the real interest rate and industrial production are the most important macroeconomic factors, and (3) in the long-term the real economic activity and stock returns Granger-cause each other.
EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP MATA KULIAH STATISTIKA IPA IAIN BENGKULU
Authors: Sakina Nahdiyah , Nurmawati Sri , Sarawati Yuni , Walid Ahmad
Published: January 2021

This study aims to explain the evaluation of online learning of IAIN Bengkulu's science statistics course. This study uses a descriptive method with a design in the form of a google form, the study involved 20 students of the 5th semester of IAIN Bengkulu's IPA who had taken statistics courses. This study uses data evaluation techniques by calculating the percentage of data from each aspect of the indicators of the questions that exist. The results of this study indicate that the online learning evaluation of the 5 semester IAIN Bengkulu statistics course obtained an average percentage score of 48.7% with agreed criteria. From this, it is hoped that the reader will make the results of this study an evaluation or learning that will be carried out further regarding the learning of statistics courses.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN DAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI MTs KARANGKAJEN
Authors: Pamuji Amalia Resti , Hidayati Dian
Published: January 2021

This study describes the development and evaluation model of learning in Indonesian language lessons at MTs Karangkajen. The research objective was to determine the model of development and evaluation of learning to improve the quality of students towards Indonesian language lessons. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis with three stages: reduction, presentation of data and concluding. The research results found 1) the Indonesian language learning development model at MTs Karangkajen using the reading, listening, writing and speaking learning model, 2) the evaluation of the Indonesian language learning model at MTs Karangkajen was carried out based on daily tests, midterm tests, quizzes fast, as well as the results of discussions and questions and answers to students. The school principal conducts class visits and reports on learning outcomes at the end of the semester by the teacher as an evaluation of learning to increase student ability and achievement in Indonesian.
Simeon Poisson and the Stanley Cup Finals
Authors: Wagner Cate , Barr Erica , Spada Joseph , Joslin Cole , Sommers Paul M.
Published: January 2021

The National Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league in North America currently comprised of 31 teams.  Their seasons culminate with the Stanley Cup Playoffs.  The top sixteen teams (eight in each conference) qualify for the playoffs.  The conference champions face off in the final round, known as the Stanley Cup Finals.  The authors show that goals scored per game in the Stanley Cup Finals follow a Poisson distribution.  Using the results of all 438 Stanley Cup Final games played since 1939 (when the Finals became a best-of-seven series), chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests show that the observed distribution of goals scored per game by series winners, series losers, and game losers closely approximate a Poisson theoretical model.  The combined number of goals scored by both finalists and goals scored by game winners do not
Did Trump's Tweet Disparaging Trudeau Impact Canada-U.S. Border Crossings?
Authors: Kane Emily , Popa Ariana , Li Queenie , Sommers Paul
Published: January 2021

The authors examine the impact of President Donald Trump’s June 9, 2018 tweet disparaging Group of 7 (G7) summit host Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on Canada – United States border crossings over the Peace Bridge.  The Peace Bridge is one of the busiest international border crossings in North America that connects Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York.  A regression analysis of daily automobile crossings between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 (using seasonality dummy variables and controlled for year fixed effects) revealed a statistically discernible reduction in the number of crossings (both east into the United States and, to a lesser extent, west into Canada) seven, fourteen, and even thirty days after the tweet.  Words have consequences.
Air Particle Separator for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Combustion Engines
Authors: Belmontes Adrian , Medina Francisco
Published: January 2021

Although a significant portion of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) rely entirely on batteries, there are larger UAVs that operate by utilizing internal combustion engines. These special aircrafts ingest vast quantities of air, directly feeding the supply into the engine for combustion. The goal is to design and build an engine air particle separator (EAPS) for UAVs that employ combustion engines, to remove sand, dust, dirt, or any fine particles from the air being supplied to the engine. Although there are many constraints and restrictions to be considered, it is desired for the EAPS to be a single component, have the ability to connect to a specified intake collar, and fit within a given volume. Among other elements considered, the efficiency, pressure drop, areas of failure, and the selection of a material to build the separator were factored. Three methods of particle filtering were selected: inertial, centrifugal, and hypothetical pressure-barrier separation. To accomplish these goals, the principles of inertia, centrifugal forces, and pressure changes were used along with additive manufacturing – to be able to design and build complex geometries. Results were based on the three prototypes that were built and tested in an enclosure simulating the harsh weather environment and the force applied by the internal combustion engine from the UAV. These results showed that a centrifugal design was best suited for the purpose of the experiment with an experimental efficiency of 87% of the particles being separated from the air.
Making Up for Lost Time
Authors: Moniz Jacob , Howard-Spink Sam
Published: January 2021

In an essay entitled “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy,” Arjun Appadurai proposes a framework for understanding the process of global cultural flow, particularly in the field of economics. The term “culture,” in this sense, is summarily defined as “behaviour and beliefs that are learned and shared: learned so that it is not ‘instinctual,’ shared so that it is not individual” (Pieterse, 1390). Essentially, Appadurai’s framework is segmented into five distinct categories, or “scapes,” including: (a) ethnoscapes, (b) mediascapes, (c) technoscapes, (d) financescapes, and (e) ideoscapes (589). As products or attributes from various communities are introduced into new societies, they are inclined to go through a process of indigenization, often resulting in configurations of cultural hybridity and exchange. This process is evident in global music and media business networks, informing artists and professionals alike on emerging models, markets, and trends within the seemingly limitless boundaries of the global stage. The global cultural flow of music and media incites measurable consequences across all five of Appadurai’s scapes; in turn, this activity informs the character and development of the geographical sites facilitating such exchange. One such relationship exists between Lisbon, Portugal and Toronto, Canada, or more specifically, Lisbon and the Toronto neighborhood known as Little Portugal. Stemming from a complex history of colonialism and immigration, Lisbon and Toronto have developed as symbiotic nodes among the larger structure of global music and media networks. By examining each of Appadurai’s scapes within the context of Lisbon and Toronto’s transnational relationship, one can better understand the effects of global music exchange and the development of the music city itself.
Erosion Wear Behaviour of Bamboo/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites
Authors: Biswas Sandhyarani , Xess Prity Aniva
Published: January 2021

Now-a-days, there is an increasing interest in hybrid composites made by combination of two or more different types of fiber in a common matrix because these materials offer a range of properties that cannot be attained with a single type of reinforcement. The fibres are either natural or synthetic and both types of fiber have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, in this work a new class of hybrid composite reinforced with a synthetic fiber and a natural fiber is developed to get the advantage of both the fibres in terms of superior tribological properties and economy. The present research work is undertaken to investigate the erosion behaviour of short bamboo and glass fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites.
Design and Analysis of Water Motor Vehicle with Electrolysis Process
Authors: KUMAR ABHISHEKH , JAIN ANKIT
Published: January 2021

In our vehicle, the power plant (engine) will use hydrogen as well as gasoline for all the various functions which the vehicle or any part of it, may be called upon to perform. If by chance there is shortage of hydrogen, our vehicle will switch over to gasoline mode. We chose water because water is a binary compound that occurs at room temperature and is widely used as solvent. Hence we decided to separate out hydrogen and oxygen from H₂O. And also it will make our vehicle echo friendly. As hydrogen is a non metallic univalent element which is highly flammable diatomic gas whereas oxygen is a
non-metallic bivalent element which is non flammable diatomic gas, we will use hydrogen in order to provide the necessary energy to run our vehicle. Because of hydrogen’s high flammability and low ignition energy, we are using Mazda’s Winkle
engine in order to avoid pre ignition of hydrogen. Hydrogen will be obtained with the help of electrolysis process and this process will be done with the help of solar energy. We have designed our vehicle to run on water, because after studying about electrolysis process we concluded that ocean water would increase the rate of electrolysis. Hence we decided to run our vehicle on.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF E-GLASS SHORT FIBRES & FLY ASH REINFORCED AL 7075 HYBRID METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES
Authors: KAMMER PRABHAKAR , SHIVANAND H.K. , S SANTHOSH KUMAR.
Published: January 2021

Conventional monolithic materials have limitations in achieving good combination of strength, stiffness, toughness and density. To overcome these shortcomings and to meet the ever increasing demand of modern day technology, composites are most promising materials of recent interest. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including high specific strength, specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. Among the MMC’s aluminum composites are predominant in use due to their low weight and high strength. The key features of MMC’s are specific strength and stiffness, excellent wear resistance, high electrical and thermal conductivity. The present investigation aims at the development of Aluminium based E-Glass and Flyash particulate reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites. The test specimens are prepared as per ASTM standard size by turning and
facing operations to conduct tensile and compression test.
A CASE STUDY ON IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY USING IE TOOLS
Authors: SHETH BHAVIK SHAILESHKUMAR , SWAROOP TANMAY , HENRY RABINDER
Published: January 2021

Assembly line balancing has been a focus of interest in Industrial Engineering for the last few years. Assembly line balancing is the problem of assigning tasks to workstations by optimizing a performance measure while satisfying precedence relations between tasks and cycle time restrictions. Line balancing is an important feature in ensuring that a production line is efficient and producing at its optimum. The process of Line balancing attempts to equalize the work load on each workstation of the production line. Mixed model assembly lines are increasing in many industries to achieve the higher production rate. This study deals with mixed-model assembly line balancing and uses Yamazumi chart to break down the work element in to the value added & Non-value added part to reduce the waste & increase the productivity.
EXERGY DESTRUCTION AND CHEMICAL IRREVERSIBILITIES DURING COMBUSTION IN SPARK – IGNITION ENGINE USING OXYGENATED AND HYDROCARBON FUELS
Authors: KARIMI MUNAWAR NAWAB , KAMBOJ SANDEEP KUMAR
Published: January 2021

The growing concern for energy, economy and environment calls for efficient utilization of natural resources in developing useful work. Second law of thermodynamics provides different perspective compared with first law. This paper provides an overview of the quantitative levels of exergy destruction and chemical irreversibilities during the combustion. For the adiabatic combustion at constant volume, entropy generation approach with second law of thermodynamics is applied. The result of this study is based on a spark ignition, single cylinder combustion engine with stoichiometric condition. Iso-octane, methane, methanol and ethanol are the fuels examined. This study shows that exergy destruction during combustion decreases with the increase in reactant temperature and compression ratios, for all the fuels. Exergy destruction during combustion using entropy balance approach for compression ratio range of 7 to 11 found to vary between 16.18 to 21.52%. Chemical irreversibilities calculated at the restricted dead state are found to be in the range of 2.99 to 3.6% for different fuels
Hatay Yayladağı Ağzında -IK Zarf-Fiil Ekinin Kılınış İşlevi Üzerine
Authors: HAŞİMİ Ahmet
Published: January 2021

İnsan zihniyle algılanan olaylar fiil tabanıyla ifade edilir. Bir fiilin iç zamanı olarak da tarif edilen kılınış ise gerçekleşen olaylara fiil tabanında, belli sınırlara vurgu yapılması veya yapılmaması olarak bilinir. Türk dili üzerine yapılan araştırma konularının hepsi çok değerlidir. Bu konulardan birisi de fiil tabanına yansıyan kılınışın belirlenerek dil bilgisi çalışmalarında bundan faydalanılmasıdır. Kılınış konusu üzerinde ilk çalışmalar Batılı bilim adamlarınca başlatılmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu sahada Batılı bilim adamları epey bir mesafe kat etmişlerdir. Türkçe fiillerin kılınış özellikleri üzerine en önemli çalışmayı ilk defa Lars Johanson yapmıştır. Johanson ve ondan sonra kılınış üzerinde incelemelerde bulunan diğer araştırmacılar Türkçede fiilleri, kılınış bakımından ön sınırı vurgulayanlar, son sınırı vurgulayanlar ve sınır vurgulamayanlar olmak üzere üç başlık altında incelerler. Zarf-fiil ekleri, tarihi süreç içerisinde hem yapı hem de işlev olarak farklı biçimlerde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Standart dilde kullanılmayan -IK zarf-fiil eki, Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarının bazı bölgelerinde kullanılır. İki araştırmacı tarafından Hatay/Yayladağı ağzından derlenen metinler üzerinde yapılan incelemelerde -IK zarf-fiil ekinin -Ip zarf-fiil ekiyle eş zamanlı olarak hemen hemen aynı işlevde kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Derlenen metinlerde -IK eki, -Ip ekine göre daha sık kullanılmıştır. -IK zarf-fiiliyle kurulan fiil yapısında asıl fiil bazen kılınış özelliğini korumakta, bazen seri fiil yapısına geçmekte, bazen de süreklilik ifade etmektedir. Asıl fiilin kılınış özelliğini kaybettiği durumlarda -IK eki, zaman zaman fiilin kılınışına etki etmektedir. Yayladağı ağzından derlenen metin örneklerinde kılınış bakımından problemli cümlelerin bulunmaması da Türk dili açısından dikkat çekici bir husustur.
Tracking Changes to Urban Trees over 100 Years in Ithaca, NY, USA
Authors: Cowett F.D. , Bassuk N.L. , Grace J. , Vorstadt K.
Published: January 2021

Municipally managed urban trees provide environmental, social, and economic benefits. Continued provision of these benefits depends on the health and sustainability of these trees, which depends in turn on tree managers having the type of information usually found in a tree inventory. The city of Ithaca, New York, USA possesses 7 inventories of its street and park trees dating back to 1902. This paper uses the data contained in these inventories to assess the health and sustainability of the city’s street and park tree populations. Attention is given to the structure of these populations with emphasis placed on species and genera diversity and DBH size class distributions. Prior to 1987, the city’s municipal tree population was dominated by a few species, such as Norway maple (Acer platanoides), and genera such as maples (Acer) and elms (Ulmus), and the DBH size class distribution was skewed unsustainably towards older trees. From 1987 onwards, new plantings have significantly increased species and genera diversity, and the DBH size class distribution suggests sufficient younger trees to account for tree mortality and removals. These changes did not occur quickly due to the persistent legacy effect of past planting preferences and practices, but required a consistent effort by municipal tree managers over many years. As a result, based on an analysis of the most recent tree inventory conducted in 2019, the city’s street and park trees and the benefits they provide look to be on a more sustainable footing, although challenges still remain.
The Effects of Cold Work on the Incipient Pitting Morphology Evolution of 304L Stainless Steels
Authors: Tung Hsiao-Ming , Chen Tai-Cheng , Chang Joe-Ming
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cold work on the incipient pitting corrosion of 304L stainless steels (SS). The as-received (0%-CW) and 20% cold-worked (20%-CW) 304L specimens were corrosion tested in a salt-spray system with a solution of 3.5% simulated seawater for the exposure times of 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h to characterize the pitting corrosion behavior of 304L SS. Weight gain and microstructures were measured using a microbalance and electron backscatter diffraction, respectively. The dimensions of corrosion pits—depth, length, and width—were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope to elucidate the pit growth process. The analysis of the rust and pit features revealed that the degree of corrosion is more severe in the 0%-CW specimen than in the 20%-CW specimen.
The Effects of Chloride, Nitrate, and Nitrite on the Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions
Authors: Liu Chenxi , Sridhar Narasi
Published: January 2021

Localized corrosion is a precursor to the deterioration of carbon steel reinforcing bars in concrete. The localized corrosion of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solutions was investigated by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) technique. A four-factor, two-level, full factorial design and a five-factor, two-level, Plackett-Burman design were used to study the effects of OH−, Cl−, , , with Na+ and Ca2+ cations on the localized corrosion of carbon steel. The results show that the occurrence of localized corrosion can be evaluated by the type of CPP curves (negative, mixed, or positive hysteresis) and the difference between the open-circuit and repassivation potentials (OCP-Erp). The lowest (OCP-Erp), indicating a low risk of pitting corrosion, could be obtained with high OH−, high , and low Cl−, whereas the effect of was not significant. The corrosion activities near the OCP were measured using linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. They indicated that NO2− and Cl− were the main factors influencing the corrosion rate. The cationic species did not have a significant influence on the electrochemical parameters.
A relationship between endoscopic findings
and diabetic regulation, and complications in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Konur Sevki
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease. Increasing with a rapid acceleration, DM affects the society both financially and socially with its possible complications. Dyspeptic complaints occur in approximately 40% of DM patients. Dyspepsia in DM is a difficult condition to treat and requires patients’ frequent hospital visits. We aimed to examine a relationship between diabetic regulation and diabetic complications as well as endoscopic findings in patients with DM and dyspeptic complaints.

Material and methods

Patients with a DM diagnosis from internal diseases outpatient clinic of our hospital who were followed-up between January 2019 and June 2020, and who underwent endoscopy for the upper gastrointestinal system were included. Diagnosis of DM was made according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Diabetic complications were questioned. A relationship between endoscopic and histopathological findings, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and complications was investigated.

Results

A total of 105 patients, 61 (58%) females, were included into the study. In a comparison between the groups, there was no statistically significant difference between glycemic regulation and endoscopic findings and the presence of HP. Comparing diabetic complications, no significant difference was observed in patients with complications from the endoscopic findings, except for pangastritis. The presence of HP was similar in both groups.

Conclusions

It can be said that endoscopic findings and presence of HP are not closely related to glycemic control and complications in diabetic patients. However, these results should be supported by larger, multi-center, prospective studies.
Thinking too much about the novel coronavirus. The link between persistent thinking about COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 anxiety and trauma effects
Authors: Skalski Sebastian , Uram Patrycja , Dobrakowski Paweł , Kwiatkowska Anna
Published: January 2021

Background

Earlier reports have shown that anxiety over the novel coronavirus may predict mental functioning during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the links between persistent thinking about COVID-19, anxiety over SARS-CoV-2 and trauma effects. For the purpose of this study, the Polish adaptation of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) was imple-mented.

Participants and procedure

The study involved 356 individuals aged 18-78 (58% females). In addition to OCS, the participants completed the following questionnaires: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire.

Results

OCS was characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties (α = .82). Regression analysis indicated that persistent thinking about COVID-19 was associated with increased coronavirus anxiety and negative trauma effects. In addition, anxiety served as a partial mediator in the link between persistent thinking about COVID-19 and negative trauma effects.

Conclusions

The data obtained suggest that persistent thinking about the pandemic may be dysfunctional for mental health during the spread of the infectious disease.
When is happy also prosocial? The relationship between happiness and social orientation depends on trust, agency and communion
Authors: Jasielska Dorota , Rajchert Joanna
Published: January 2021

Background

A number of studies show that being happy is linked to many benefits for the subject. Can it also be associated with prosocial behaviour? Several studies confirm the existence of the glow of goodwill, but this effect is mainly a result of experimentally induced positive emotions. We aimed to investigate whether various forms of well-being are linked with social value orientations and to what extent it depends on individual differences regarding trust, agency and communion.

Participants and procedure

A total of 284 students (56% women) participated in the study. First, their social orientation was assessed. Then, they completed the following measures: the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Psychological Well-being Scale, the Gen-eralized Trust Scale and the Agency-Communion Scale.

Results

The results revealed that the association between happiness and prosocial orientation was significant and positive, but only in the case of high trust and when agency and communion were controlled for. When psychological well-being was applied as a predictor, high trusters were more prosocial and low trusters were more selfish, irrespective of their levels of agency and communion.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that the relationship between social orientation and various expressions of wellbeing (such as happiness and psychological wellbeing) is complex and that it should be analysed with reference to the level of trust.
Lonely and thinking about the past: the role of time perspectives, Big Five traits and perceived social support in loneliness of young adults during COVID-19 social distancing
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona
Published: January 2021

Background

In the spring of 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Polish government introduced a policy of social distancing. Being apart from one’s social network had the potential to evoke feelings of loneliness. The aim of the study was to find out how time perspectives might contribute to feeling lonely during the social distancing period, controlling for Big Five personality traits and perceived social support.

Participants and procedure

The study was online, questionnaire-based and cross-sectional (N = 964) and was conducted among young adults (aged 18-35) at the end of the third week of social distancing in Poland.

Results

The results suggested that the Past-Negative time perspective remained significant predictor of loneliness when controlling for Big Five traits and perceived social support. Emotional stability, extroversion and perceived social support were also significant predictors of low loneliness.

Conclusions

Negative beliefs about the past may contribute to experiencing greater loneliness when being apart from one’s social network.
Comparison and association of acute physiological and posturographic effects in four exercises on stable and unstable surfaces with or without partial blood flow restriction
Authors: Bahamondes-Avila Carlos , Ponce-Fuentes Felipe , Hernández-Mosqueira Claudio , Bustos-Medina Luis , Navarrete Luis Antonio Salazar , Berral de la Rosa Francisco José
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Prior research has shown that running squats on unstable surfaces may be useful in increasing antagonist muscle
and body centre activity; nonetheless, the evidence for improved muscle strength-power is contradictory. In parallel, low-intensity strength training with partial blood flow restriction is effective in developing strength, hypertrophy, and muscular
endurance. Combining both modalities could complement the benefits of exercising on unstable surface. Our objective was
to compare the acute effects of 4 exercise types with or without partial blood flow restriction under stable and unstable
conditions.

Methods

Seven volunteers performed 4 protocols: exercises with high-intensity overload and stable conditions, low-intensity
overload with blood flow restriction and stable conditions, unstable conditions without blood flow restriction, and unstable conditions with blood flow restriction. At the beginning, end, and recovery of each protocol, physiological variables were measured:
heart rate, subjective perception of effort, blood lactate, and posturographic variables (total distance with eyes open and closed).

Results

Exercises with stable surfaces generated greater physiological stress than both exercises on unstable surfaces.
Furthermore, incorporating blood flow restriction into unstable exercise allowed an increase in the physiological demand
without altering postural balance. There were only significant changes in postural balance in the high-intensity protocol
with stable conditions.

Conclusions

Exercises combining partial blood flow restriction on stable and unstable surfaces increase the physiological demands without altering postural balance compared with high-intensity exercise on a stable surface.
Conventional disease-modifying agents in rheumatoid arthritis – a review of their current use and role in treatment algorithms
Authors: Padjen Ivan , Reihl Crnogaj Mirna , Anić Branimir
Published: January 2021

Despite the development of targeted therapies, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) remain the cornerstone of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A litera­ture search was conducted on treatment recommendations and relevant papers regarding new insights on therapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate is considered the “anchor drug” due to its high efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with other conventional and targeted agents. Leflunomide and sulfasalazine are sound alternatives, whereas (hydroxy)chloroquine is primarily used in combination with other csDMARDs.

Their use is encouraged in all treatment phases – in combination with targeted agents, and with other csDMARDs. Combining different csDMARDs is especially attractive in lower income settings given the evidence proving (almost) equal efficacy and safety of the csDMARD combination approach compared to the combination of targeted agents with a csDMARD.

The aim of this review is to provide a clinically oriented insight into the pharmacology of each csDMARD and their place in treatment algorithms.
The complement system in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: the expression of certain cascade and regulatory proteins in labial salivary glands – observational study
Authors: Legatowicz-Koprowska Marta , Nitek Stanisław , Czerwińska Jolanta
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The complement cascade and regulatory proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of the Sjögren’s syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. The complement activation via the alternative pathway was recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism in autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study was to assess expression of complement cascade components and regulatory proteins in minor salivary glands in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).

Material and methods

The expression of C1q and C5b-9 – membrane attack complex and regu­latory proteins such as: membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and protectin were examined using immunochemistry method in specimens from biopsy of minor salivary glands in pSS patients. The biopsy material was obtained from 20 pSS patients, 5 patients with non-specific sialadenitis and from 5 patients with suspicion of dryness syndrome without sialadenitis confirmation.

Results

None of the examined samples showed the expression of C1q or the effector C5b-9. Membrane cofactor protein expression was lower in pSS group than in both non-specific sialadenitis and noninflamed salivary glands. The inflammatory cells in pSS samples partially expressed MCP. There were differences in the sites and intensity of membrane protectin expression exclusively on the luminal surfaces in pSS; on the luminal and, partially, antiluminal surface in non-specific inflammation, and on the entire cell surface in unaffected salivary glands. There were no DAF expression in salivary gland tissue in biopsy specimens in all studied subjects.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated the absence of complement-cascade proteins (C1q, MAC) in the salivary glands of pSS patients, which may indicated a lack of local complement activation via the classical pathway and the observed gland tissue damage being due to a mechanism other than MAC-induced cytolysis. The differences in the expression of complement regulatory proteins between pSS, non-specific sialadenitis, and normal salivary glands may indicate that alternative functions of these regulatory proteins may be of greater significance in pSS. Low MCP expression in pSS in comparison with non-specific sialadenitis and normal salivary glands, may suggest altered modu­lation of cell-mediated immunity in pSS. The differences in the location and intensity of protectin (CD59) expression indicates a possibility of reducing the proinflammatory effect of protectin in pSS.
Efficacy and predictive factors of response to intra-articular corticosteroids in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Heidari Parnaz , Heidari Behzad , Babaei Mansour
Published: January 2021

In knee osteoarthritis (KOA), synovial inflammation is linked with pain, swelling and structural abnormalities. Intra-articular corticosteroids (IACS) have been considered for pain relief in subjects who are non-responders to standard therapy. However, the results vary across different studies. This review aims to determine efficacy of IACS in KOA by review of the existing data.

In several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses and uncontrolled studies a single IACS resulted in pain relief from 1 to a few weeks. In a few studies repeated IACS every three months provided a longer duration of pain relief and functional improvement in a proportion of patients. Baseline synovitis was predictor of treatment response in some but not all studies.

Based upon the existing data, IACS provides a short-term pain relief in a proportion of patients. Given, anti-inflammatory properties of IACS, it is likely to be more effective in subgroups of KOA who display inflammatory phenotype.
Myoinositol In Restoring Spontaneous Ovarian Activity in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors:   -,1 ,2 3  4 5, u-Allah Ikram , Sabeen Nadia , Javed Iqbal, Qaiser , Zulfiqar, Shazia , Wasim Tayyiba
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the efficacy of myoinositol in the management of patients with Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) Methods: It was quasi experimental study conducted inDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Services institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore from 30-6-2018 to 31-12-2018. 140 sub fertile patients with PCOS were selected through random sampling. Patients were given 2gram of myoinositol/day. The effect was assessed after 3 and 6 months of treatment by monthly menstrual cycle regularity and ovulation. All this information was recorded in proforma. Results: The mean age of patients was 26.90±5.52years. The mean BMI of patients was 37.38±4.08kg/m2. After 3 months of treatment, menstrual cycle become regular in 34 (24.3%) patients and ovulation occurred in 54 (38.6%) cases. After 6 months of treatment, menstrual cycle become regular in 75 (53.6%) patients and ovulation occurred in 101 (72.1%) cases. Conclusion: The myoinositol is an effective treatment in terms of regularity of menstrual cycle and ovulation induction in subfertile women with PCOS. Keywords: Myoinositol, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Menstrual irregularity, Ovulation
association of Serum Vitamin D levels with Hypertension
Authors:   1, 2, 3,Farooqi4, 5, 6, Rao Maryam , Kazmi Tabinda , Imran Muhammad , Mahmood Aamir , Mahmud Akif , Mahmud Qanita
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The objective of our study was to identify the effect of low serum vitamin D levels on hypertension & to make a comparison of levels of vitamin D in hypertensives and healthy individuals. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional comparative study carried out in Cardiology Department of Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Punjab Institute of Cardiology, which involved measurement and comparison of serum Vitamin D levels in 64 subjects, categorized in two groups; hypertensives and normotensives, in order to establish a potential association between vitamin D levels and hypertension. Results: Our study showed that Serum Vitamin D was equally sub-optimal in all participants of study, including both hypertensive group and the healthy controls. As a result of this finding, a clear pattern of association of vitamin D deficiency with hypertension could not be seen. Mean ±SD Vitamin D levels was 19.5±10.0 ng/L in hypertensives and 19.5±13.6 in healthy individuals. This study did not lead to establishment of an association between hypertension and vitamin D levels. Conclusion: Because of deficiency of Vitamin D in general population in this region, our study failed to show an association between Vitamin D and hypertension. Further exploration is needed in this regard. Key words: Hypertension, serum Vitamin D levels
the Frequency of Intranasal Synechiae Formation between Nasal Septum and Lateral Nasal Wall after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Among Patients with Sinonasal Polyposis
Authors:   , , ,, ,, Arsalan Damish , Hassan Syed Sarwat , Murtaza Ghulam , Nasir Mohammad Qamar , Amin Muhammad Awais , Awan Aamer Ayub
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of intranasal synechiae formation between lateral nasal wall and nasal septum after (ESS) Endoscopic Sinus Surgery among patients with Sino nasal Polyposis Methods: After obtaining approval from the ethical committee of our Hospital, a total number of 150 subjects fulfilling the study criteria were recruited in the research which was conducted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Services Hospital, Lahore. Demographic information (name, age, gender, contact details) was also obtained were included in this study. All the patients underwent ESS and were followed up post operatively at the end of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks respectively, to observe the formation of synechiae. Results: Age range in this study was between 21-40 years out of which a small number of patients were < 20 years old. Mean age of the patients was 35.30±10.54 years. Male patients were 80 (53.3%) while female patients were 70 (46.7%). Intranasal Synechiae formation was observed in 28 patients (18.7%). Conclusion: Intranasal Synechiae formation between lateral nasal wall and nasal septum was found in 18.4% of the patients after endoscopic sinus surgery. Keywords: Sino nasal polyposis, ESS, Intranasal Synechiae Formation