bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN KEADAAN CUACA TEMA 5 DI KELAS III SD
Authors: Jaenab Siti , Fasha Linda Hania
Published: July 2024

Pendidikan merupakan faktor utama untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di masa yang akan datang, oleh karena itu upaya yang harus dilakukan dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah yaitu dengan terusÂ  memperbaiki semua yang kurang dalam penerapan mutu pendidikan. Pendidikan sebagai sarana pembangunan sumber daya manusia yang produktif dan mempunyai kemampuan yang profesional dalam meningkatkan kehidupan manusia dalam berbangsa dan bernegara. Guru merupakan personel yang mempunyai peran penting dalam mengembangkan sumber daya manusia, , selain itu juga guru adalah sebagai pembimbing, serta dapat mengarahkan peserta didiknya sehingga menjadi manusia yang memiliki pengetahuan luas, baik pengetahuan agama, kecerdasan, kecakapan hidup, keterampilan, mempunyai kepribadian yang baik dan memiliki semangat untuk membangun bangsa ini.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui minat belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learningÂ  pada materi cuaca. AlasanÂ  sayaÂ  sebagai penulis mengambil judul ini oleh adanya kesulitan siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran cuaca di sekolah dasar. Hal ini disebabkan model pembelajaran yang digunakan hanya ceramahÂ  sehingga mengakibatkan kurangnya minat siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dikelas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan beberapa istrumen yaitu, instrumen tes tulis, angket guru dan angket siswa. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas III SD Negeri di Bandung BaratÂ  tahun ajaran 2019-2020. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti pada siswa kelas III di salah satu SD Bandung Barat, tingkat kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning berada pada kategori baik dengan perolehan rata-rata siswa 76,12%. Berbeda dengan hasil yang sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning siswa hanya memperoleh rata-rata nilai 65%. Perbedaan antara tingkat kemampuan siswa sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning dengan sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning dapat peneliti buktikan dengan bertambahnya nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 11,12%.
Analisis kebutuhan google sites dalam Gerakan Literasi Sekolah di sekolah dasar
Authors: Nur'aini Nur'aini , Apriliya Seni , Mulyadiprana Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk memaparkan hasil analisis terhadap kebutuhan google sites dalam pelaksanaan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik wawancara dan observasi terhadap guru dan peserta didik Sekolah Dasar di salah satu kota di Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi di beberapa Sekolah Dasar, hambatan dalam melaksanakan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah adalah kurangnya jumlah dan variasi buku bacaan untuk digunakan oleh peserta didik. Dalam melaksanakan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah, hampir semua media yang digunakan adalah media fisik. Belum ada penggunaan buku digital, meskipun pihak sekolah merasa buku fisik masih terbatas dan tidak variatif. Oleh karena itu, implikasi penelitian ini, yaitu perlu dikembangkan media atau perangkat digital untuk menyediakan buku-buku digital yang variatif, menarik, dan mudah diakses oleh peserta didik. Alternatif media digital yang dapat digunakan untuk menunjang pelaksanaan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar adalah media berbasis web, yaitu google sites.
Editorial: New horizons and developments in the field of public governance, regulatory mechanisms, and fraud detection in the light of macroeconomic imperatives
Authors: Hundal Shab
Published: July 2024

On behalf of the editorial team, I feel proud to introduce the second issue (special issue) of volume 13 (2024) of the Journal of Governance and Regulation. The current issue includes scholarly articles falling in the purview of a wide range of research themes, for example, public governance, corruption, legal aspects and regulatory environment, cybersecurity, behavioural aspects related to merger and acquisition, public sector internal control system, forensic accounting, sustainable tourism governance, and institutional settings and characteristics of public bodies including state organizations and universities, among others.
Research on novel planting system designed for afforestation of desertified lands
Authors: Nenciu Florin , Mircea Costin , Voicea Iulian , Ciuperca Radu , Arsenoaia Vlad
Published: July 2024

Creating forest curtains on sandy or highly compacted lands affected by desertification necessitates precise control, given the challenges associated with the soil management in these regions. The mechanisms designed for planting forest seedlings face significant challenges: the working apparatus responsible for handling seedlings during planting can inflict notable damage to the stems, particularly through scratching or crushing. This issue usually arises from the design solution and the shape of the mechanical organ handling the seedlings. Moreover, it is highly important to improve the control over the seedling positioning in the soil, action that often encounters issues such as inadequate planting depth or improper planting angles. The present research evaluates a novel modular planting system, which can have excellent effects for areas with difficult or desertified lands. The objective was to obtain a precise control over seedling planting, by enabling the mechanism to automatically adjust its grip and force according to root dimensions, stem characteristics, and seedling size. This ensures effective protection of the seedlings and enhances the overall planting process. The mechanism demonstrated excellent performance and successful adaptation to challenging sandy terrain conditions. The proposed solution offers several technical advantages, including: the precise adjustment of the clamping force on the sapling during planting, based on the condition and size of the woody stem and a better adjustable spacing between the gripping jaws.
Simultaneous determination of nine metal elements in river sediments and surrounding soil by ICP-MS with quadrupole collision cell technology
Authors: Wang Yinfu , Gao Huili
Published: July 2024

As people pay more and more attention to environmental pollution, heavy metal pollution of river sediments and surrounding soil is also brought into focus. The traditional methods used to analyze various metal elements as ICP, AFS etc. In this paper, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cr, Ni and As in river sediments and soil were simultaneously determined by ICP-MS with the quadrupole collision cell technology. The analysis efficiency is improved. The collision cell kinetic energy discrimination (KED) model is used to effectively eliminate the mass spectrum interference problem. The matrix effect and signal drift are corrected effectively by using Rh as the internal standard element. The method is verified under the stable instrument conditions. The verification results show that the mass concentration of all elements had a good linear relationship with spectral intensity, and the linear correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999. The detection limits of 9 elements ranged from 0.01 to 0.3 µg·g-1. RSD was less than 6.25%, and RE was -7.10% to 7.08%, which proved that the method had good accuracy and precision. It can meet the requirements of determination.
Evaluation of socio-economic impact of Latvian municipal adjustment fund with regression discontinuity design model
Authors: Hazners Juris
Published: July 2024

The arrangement of the Latvian Municipal Adjustment Fund encompasses the concept of the average annual revenue of conditional inhabitant, where the original population numbers are modified by adding conditional values based upon the number of children, schoolchildren, retirement age persons and area of the municipality. Besides that, the annual corrections are based on the average assessed revenues. Depending upon the value of the average annual revenue of conditional inhabitant relative to national average cut-point, districts are defined as donors or recipients. As the main objective of the adjustment is the provision of the basic functions, the socio-economic impact of the adjustment has not been extensively studied. The research objective is the evaluation of the net direct impact of the adjustment on the socio-economic variables such as Gross Domestic Product, Gross Value Added, Net Migration and Social Payments both at the local and national level. To reach the research objective, the Regression Discontinuity Design method is applied. The method compared to other quasi-experimental design methods has its advantages, as additional pre-treatment variables are not needed. Moreover, the values of the dependent variable are measured only once at a single point of time. The results of the research at the micro level show that the adjustment at the national level contributes to the decline in Gross Domestic Product and Gross Value Added, increase in Net Migration and Social Payments burden. While the average impacts on the recipient district are positive for all socio-economic indicators concerned the negative impacts on the donor districts more than outweigh these gains. This would suggest that the revenue equalization funding has to be revised to avoid the negative socio-economic consequences in the future.
Trends in development of grain combine harvester fleet in Latvia
Authors: Rucins Adolfs , Viesturs Dainis
Published: July 2024

The article presents an analysis of the research results of the development of the cereal harvester fleet in Latvia in 2014-2023. The purpose of the article is to find out changes in the performance of combine harvesters, characterized by total capacity and specific capacity, over a period of ten years, and to compare them with the changes in the area of cereals and rapeseed, and the total harvest. Such a comparison makes it possible to assess compliance of the dynamics of the development of the combine harvester fleet with the possibilities of timely harvesting of the existing volume of cereals. In order to calculate the total capacity of the harvester fleet, several indicators were clarified - the age structure of the harvester fleet, the number of harvesters in technical condition, a methodology was developed for determining the working capacity of harvesters of different brands and age groups. Calculations were made, using data about these harvesters and taking into account that the depreciation period is mostly 15 years. It was assumed that all harvesters of this age are functioning. Data were collected about the combine brand, model, year of first registration and power. Calculations were made, which included the average power of one harvester of the relevant brand and the number of harvesters, resulting in the total capacity of the harvester fleet of the respective year. The results of the calculations have been compared with the area, sown by cereals and rapeseed, and the total harvest by years. An analysis of the changes in the total power and specific power in kW·ha-1 during this period has been made, which characterizes the performance of the combine harvester fleet and, in comparison with the area to be harvested, shows the possibilities of timely harvesting of cereals. It has been established that with the increase of the area to be harvested by 1.35 times, the total capacity of the combine harvester fleet has increased by 1.63 times; therefore the increase in the performance exceeds the increase in the area, also considering the increase in the harvest, and allows shortening the duration of harvesting. Since the intensity of growth of the harvested areas will decrease, there is no reason to maintain a high pace of purchase of combines.
Formation of self-educational competence of future engineers as contemporary pedagogical problem
Authors: Bulgakova Oksana , Savytska Inna , Zbaravska Lesya , Dukulis Ilmars , Rucins Adolfs
Published: July 2024

A new type of agricultural and technical sphere puts forward new requirements for the graduates of higher educational institutions. The main requirements for the graduates, among which systematically organized, intellectual, communicative, reflective, self-organizing specialists, allowing successful organization in social and cultural contexts, receive increasing priority. The proposed study presents a theoretical generalization and practical solution to a pressing problem, which consists in substantiation and experimental testing of a model for the formation of self-educational competence of the future engineers, based on the implemented organizational and pedagogical conditions. Based on well-founded organizational and pedagogical conditions, a structural-functional model and a set of didactic tools were developed, which made it possible to improve the methodology for increasing the self-educational competence in terms of its professional orientation. The work uses theoretical research methods: a study and analysis of psychological, pedagogical, normative and special literature on the research problem; an analysis of the state educational standards, programs, teaching aids and teaching materials. It has been proved that the formation of self-educational competence consists in the ability and readiness of an individual to carry out efficient independent cognitive creative activity, based on mastering flexible knowledge, generalized skills.
Investigation on environmentally friendly wheat harvest technology
Authors: Jotautiene Egle , Juostas Antanas , Atilgan Atilgan
Published: July 2024

Unpredictable weather conditions shorten the harvest period, the harvest itself becomes more and more complicated. During the harvest period, combine harvesters must be used not only at the maximum possible efficiency, but also to protect the environment and apply harvesting technologies that comply with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Harvesting is one of the most important agricultural operations, requiring a lot of equipment, energy resources and manpower. Unfavourable natural conditions can delay harvesting, which would lead to lower grain quality and lower economic benefits. Therefore, new harvesting technologies and ways of solving them are constantly being sought, which help harvest more efficiently and with better quality and at the same time protect the environment. Usually, for grain harvesting, combine harvesters are equipped with cutterbars of various sizes and technological solutions. A little less often, when harvesting grain, a stripper header mounted on the combine is used, thanks to which only the grain ears are scraped off. The purpose of this study is to investigate the technological process of harvesting using a stripper header in order to determine the most optimal working parameters. Combine harvesters CLAAS Lexion 550 with a conventional cutterbar and stripper header harvested wheat. The influence of the working parameters of the stripper header on the quality of wheat harvest and grain losses was studied. It was determined that with the same settings of the harvesters, but equipped with a conventional grain cutterbar and stripper header, the average yield losses were 1.58% and 0.89%, respectively. The results of the research showed that increasing the driving speed increases the yield loss when working with a conventional cutterbar. Meanwhile, by increasing the driving speed, when working with stripper header, grain losses decrease.
Role of transport infrastructure in the Ethiopian economy
Authors: Abduletif Abdulkadr Ahmed , Neszmelyi Gyorgy , Nagy Henrietta
Published: July 2024

The reduction of poverty, assurance of food security, and sustainable development of a country are all closely tied to infrastructural development. Developing nations face significant economic growth challenges due to inadequate transport infrastructures. Although the importance of transport infrastructures has been studied, the impact of the distribution of federal roads in Ethiopia has not been specifically investigated. This research aims to investigate the significance of the transport sector in Ethiopia’s economic growth and identify the primary challenges facing the sector. Data from various secondary sources, such as the World Bank and Ethiopian Roads Authority, official reports, and published research works were used to conduct this research. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to describe the secondary data, while charts, tables, and graphs were utilized to visualize the data findings. Ethiopia has faced numerous challenges in establishing and maintaining essential infrastructure, but the research suggests that the economic growth of the country is largely attributed to the development of its transport infrastructure. Despite ongoing obstacles, progress in the transport sector has been evident on an annual basis. The substandard quality of the road transport infrastructure has been a major impediment to the overall development of the country. Considering Ethiopia’s significant resource endowment, it is imperative that the continued development of the transport infrastructure remains a top priority.
Modelling of reinforced concrete slab to account for cracking
Authors: Azizov Taliat , Sribniak Nataliia , Tsyhanenko Liudmyla , Volkov Dmytro
Published: July 2024

Slab-ribbed and slab-plate reinforced concrete floor systems, which are statically indeterminate systems, mostly operate in the plastic stage of the material. This stage of the element under load is characterized by cracking, and the deflections of the system are much larger than the analysis of the system in elastic behaviour shows. The presence of cracks determines redistribution of the stiffness of floor system elements. This fact, in turn, causes redistribution and change in the values of both bending and torque moments. The creation of a correct finite element model will allow to conduct a numerical experiment to study the effect of normal cracks on changes and redistribution of internal forces in the elements of slab-ribbed and slab-plate floor systems. The creation of a particular finite element model by certain methods, as well as the use of certain finite elements (rod, plate, volume), is primarily determined by the specific analysis task and its goals. The article describes the finite element rod model of multi-cavity slabs, formulates the algorithm of the numerical experiment, and conducts the numerical experiment. The results of the study allow us to practically confirm the theoretical predictions regarding the importance of taking into account not only bending stiffness but also torsional stiffness for slab-beam and slab-plate reinforced concrete systems in the analysis. The conclusions show that the iterative analysis, which takes into account the gradual appearance of normal cracks due to the redistribution of bending moments in a spatially statically indeterminate system (a cell of multi-cavity plates), makes it possible to estimate the real stress-strain state in its elements. An important fact has been established that the torques increase only in the elements that are not cracked and decrease several times in other elements.
Checking performance of disc-belt flax pulling apparatus
Authors: Yukhymchuk Serhiі , Yukhymchuk Svitlana , Tolstushko Mykola , Tolstushko Nataliya
Published: July 2024

Pulling devices are used to pull flax stalks from the soil during mechanized harvesting of fibre flax. Some of them are belt and belt-disc pulling devices, in which the pulling belts, which work as belt transmissions, stretch during operation and require periodic tightening, and replacement when worn. In addition, this design of pulling apparatuses is too material-intensive. This is due to the use of pulleys, tension and support rollers, complex drive. We offer a new design of the disc-belt pulling apparatus. In it, the drive is carried out directly on the pulling discs, and the pulling belts press the flax stalks to the surface of the pulling discs. That is, the belt does not transmit the torque from the driving to the driven pulleys, which means that it stretches less during operation. The pulling assembly contains fewer parts, so the proposed disk-belt flax pulling apparatus is less material-intensive compared to analogues. The patented design of the disc-belt flax pulling apparatus will increase the durability of the gleaning belts and reduce the material capacity of the flax gleaning machine. An experimental installation was made and its operability was tested in field conditions. The influence of the speed mode indicator (the ratio of the forward speed of the installation across the field to the circular speed of rotation of the pulling disk) of the disc-belt pulling apparatus on the purity of pulling and seed loss was determined. The results of the experimental studies confirmed the workability of the proposed design of the disc-belt pulling section. It was established that with an increase in the speed mode indicator from 0.5 to 1, the purity of pulling flax stalks changed from 99.7% to 98.8%, and the loss of seeds – from 0.7% to 2.0%. This gives reason to assert that the pulling apparatus meets the agrotechnical requirements for flax-harvesting equipment.
Intensification of stem material shredding process
Authors: Khmelovskyi Vasyl , Vasylenko Roman , Rebenko Victor , Potapova Svitlana
Published: July 2024

At the current stage of technology development, roughage shredding is carried out mainly by mechanical means, which ensures high reliability and is characterized by the simplicity of the design of working bodies. The main issues of our work are to improve the process of shredding roughage by changing the design of the chopper and optimizing its parameters, which will ensure shredding of roughage with minimal specific energy and metal consumption. To conduct the research, a two-stage chopper design was proposed, and a pilot plant was manufactured, which has the ability to chop long-fiber feed materials and separate them along the fibers with breakage of stem nodes. The operating range of the rotor speed was in the range of 500-700 rpm, and the gap between the movable and fixed pins 0.015-0.025 m. The nature of the interaction of a particle of roughage, after cutting the layer with a curved knife, with the wing and the pin during the splitting of the stem along the fibers was determined. It was found that with a decrease in the rotor speed, the material moving to the pins does not reach absolute speed, which ensures the creation of an impact that should be sufficient to destroy the stem. In addition, a rotor speed of less than 500 rpm does not allow for the creation of an air flow that ensures the removal of feed components from the splitting zone, thereby limiting the chopper throughput. Increasing the rotation speed above 900 rpm leads to an increase in energy performance and reduces the percentage of split stalks of roughage.
Cadastral accounting of land plots as information basis for soil monitoring
Authors: Tykhenko Olha , Martyn Andrii , Tykhenko Ruslan , Openko Ivan
Published: July 2024

This article analyses land accounting as part of the State Land Cadastre of Ukraine. It has been proven that, under modern conditions, cadastral accounting can become a reliable basis for soil monitoring in Ukraine. The indicators of land quality accounting and regulations in the field of land protection and reproduction of soil fertility are analysed. The article proposes criteria for land cadastral accounting based on a study of the qualitative state of agricultural lands in a separate region. Factors for ensuring sustainable land use are singled out, taking into account the needs of agricultural production. It has been proven that regular monitoring of land use helps identify problems in time for effective management and optimal use of land. The purpose of the study was to create a system of land cadastral accounting indicators based on best practices and available indicators. The main purpose of this mechanism is to compare and evaluate the land accounting criteria of Ukraine. The materials of the research are land cadastral data built on methodical methods of synthesis and analysis of individual elements. The research methodology consisted of three stages: 1) identification of a number of factors characterizing land quality accounting as a basis for effective monitoring of land; 2) analysis of the methodical basis of land accounting, determination of cadastral accounting indicators; 3) identification of the most optimal land accounting criteria for rational use and land protection using correlation-regression analysis. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that there are a significant number of approaches to accounting for the quality of land in Ukraine, but there is still no unified system of them. The proposed model of accounting for the quality of land in Ukraine will provide a solution to problems of the components of land cadastral accounting as a basis for effective land use.
Identification of external shock impact on agri-food sector by applying outlier detection tests: case of Latvia
Authors: Auzins Alberts , Aboltins Aivars , Lismanis Andris
Published: July 2024

Outlier detection tests (e.g. Dixon’s Q-test, Grubbs’s test) are typically used to check the reliability of data measurement and the reliability of data sets. However, outliers can be caused by other factors, notably external shocks. Recent Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused an enormous geopolitical shock that has affected many countries and sectors including the agri-food sector. The intrinsic feature of the agri-food sector is frequent fluctuations in revenue and costs due to different factors. Thus, apparently extreme variations do not necessarily indicate the impact of an external shock. Moreover, the agri-food sector in Latvia has experienced several shocks previously. Therefore, the long-term historical data on the agri-food sector are highly likely affected by previous shocks, which limits the use of many methods of statistical analysis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the variations in revenue, cost and income in the agri-food sector were probably caused by this geopolitical shock. The study demonstrates the application of outlier detection tests in order to identify whether the indicators of this sector in 2022 were affected by this geopolitical shock. Although many subsectors exhibited considerable variations in revenue, cost and income, only part of these variations were identified as outliers and thus affected by this geopolitical shock. The rest of them was rather the inherent variations of subsectors. This application of outlier detection tests proposed by the authors is not limited to the agri-food sector or the geopolitical shocks related to Russian invasion of Ukraine. They have wider scope of application. However, further research is required to develop their wider use, especially incorporation into government aid policies.
Biogas potential from biodiesel production residues
Authors: Dubrovskis Vilis , Plume Imants
Published: July 2024

Biogas production is developing rapidly all over the world. In some countries as Germany and Sweden, its supply after purification in naturaL·gas networks has already started. Biogas production is one of the most promising and environmentally friendly alternative energy technologies, so its development will continue. Also in Latvia, the profitability of biogas production will continue to increase, especially from the point of view of environmental protection. Biogas is now more advantageously used for cleaning and feeding into gas networks for electricity and heat production, but in the future it could also be used as a fuel in city buses, as it is already done today in Linköping and Stockholm. This would further reduce GHG emissions. It is also important to use various organic residues from different productions. In order to find out what is the potential of biogas from the raw materials of production residues of the biodiesel production plant, a study was conducted using laboratory equipment. In 16 bioreactors, filled with raw materials taken from the residues of the biodiesel production, anaerobic fermentation took place at 38°C. After 30 days fermentation produced 0.888 L·g-1DOM of biogas (0.497 L·g-1DOM of methane) from rapeseed meal, and 1.371 L·g-1DOM of biogas (0.814 L·g-1DOM of methane) from rapeseed oil refining by-product, as well as 0.765 L·g-1DOM of biogas (0.414 L·g-1DOM methane) from the glycerol distillation residue. 1.265 L·g-1DOM biogas (0.252 L·g-1DOM methane) was obtained from biodiesel production wastewater. The study shows that it is possible to obtain an unusually high amount of methane per unit of dry organic matter from biodiesel production residues, but with a high content of hydrogen sulfide from rapeseed meal and glycerin distillation residues. The use of these residues in the production of biogas could be very useful.
Possibilities and benefits of using photovoltaic power plants with microinverters in rural areas
Authors: Adomavicius Vytautas , Simkoniene Gintvile , Dedenok Artem
Published: July 2024

The article provides a brief overview of research on solar power plants with microinverters, highlighting their viability and input for reducing environmental pollution by greenhouse gases and halting the progression of climate change globally. Scientific articles indicate significant potential for using photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) in both rural and urban areas. The reviewed articles disclosed that PVPPs with microinverters (MI) have significant advantages compared to PVPPs based on one common inverter for the entire PV array (or several powerful inverters for separated PV array branches). MI boosts the efficiency of PVPPs operation and quantities of produced electric power because MPPT tracks only a small group of solar modules per group (1, 2 or 4). Reliability of operation of more powerful PVPPs with MI is evident, as the failure of one MI or one solar module, only affects a small part of the entire PVPP, leaving the remainder operational. It also simplifies the installation, repair, maintenance, and dismantling of PVPP after the end of the power plant operation period, reduces power and energy losses, amplifying overall efficiency and shortening the payback period of PVPP. The electricity produced by PVPP with MI is primarily consumed by the building where the power plant is switched on, and the unused electric energy flows into the external power network. Research suggests integrating at least a few powerful PVPPs with MI into the internal network of a low-power hydroelectric power plant could enhance electricity production. The conclusions of the article include this statement.
Usefulness of small-scale stand-alone hybrid solar-wind power plants in rural areas
Authors: Adomavicius Vytautas , Simkoniene Gintvile , Dedenok Artem
Published: July 2024

Reliability of electric energy supply and its cost-efficiency are the main indicators, which are highly important for electric energy customers. In rural areas, especially those not far from the sea, strong winds blow quite often, and they are causing a lot of damage – electricity supply failure, damage to electricity networks. As a result, villages, small settlements, farmsteads, and farms near them remain without electricity for a long time – up to a week and sometimes more. As a result, farmers and other villagers suffer significant material and financial losses. Nowadays, the cheapest power-producing RES-based power plants dominate the electricity production sector, allowing for the installation of autonomous hybrid solar-wind power plants in rural areas with sufficient wind energy resources. Solar energy resources in countries up to 60° parallel (and a bit more) are sufficient for electricity production. They do not vary much by location and are sufficient for power users in homesteads, farms, or small companies. Such a hybrid solar-wind power plant could be a continuous power supplier for local needs. Only in rare cases, when solar and wind energy resources are insufficient, could a hybrid power plant charge its batteries at night. The hybrid power plant could use the cheapest nighttime energy from the electricity system grid as a backup source to charge its battery. It can also be useful for the energy system itself, which wants to increase electricity consumption at night. In areas with abundant solar and wind resources, stand-alone hybrid solar-wind plants can produce electricity at a lower cost compared to purchasing it from the power system. The installation and operation of the experimental power plant can provide a definitive answer to this question. The article presents and describes a block diagram of connections in a stand-alone hybrid solar and wind power plant (HSWPP) and explains its benefits to its owners. The conclusions of this study and the list of literature for useful information are submitted.
Resilience in face of adversity: assessing Russian aggression impact on land surveying engineering sector in Ukraine
Authors: Martyn Andrii , Hunko Liudmyla , Kolosa Liudmyla , Medynska Nataliia , Poltavets Anatolii
Published: July 2024

The article examines the critical role of the surveying engineering industry in Ukraine, a sector pivotal in upholding land and real estate rights, facilitating real estate markets, spatial planning, public administration, environmental protection, and man-made safety. The outbreak of war poses significant challenges to this industry, primarily driven by economic growth, as armed conflicts result in a marked decrease in the country’s economic activities. Understanding these challenges is essential for maintaining the continuity of surveying services during such conflicts. The primary objective of the article is to evaluate the detrimental impact of the Russian Federation’s armed aggression on Ukraine’s surveying engineering market and propose potential recovery pathways. The methodology employed involves analyzing public data on cadastral administrative services and leveraging business analytics tools for public procurement, specifically focusing on the procurement of topographic survey services between 2022 and 2023. This approach allows for a first-of-its-kind quantitative assessment of the war repercussions on Ukraine’s topographic-geodetic and land surveying sectors. The article meticulously analyzes the main challenges faced by these industries and suggests directions for post-war recovery. By thoroughly understanding the impact of war on the land surveying sector, the article aims to equip policymakers, industry professionals, and stakeholders with the knowledge to make informed decisions. Such insight is crucial for developing effective strategies to navigate and mitigate the challenges posed by the conflict, thereby ensuring the resilience and continuity of vital surveying engineering services in Ukraine.
Optimization of heat transfer processes in enclosing structures of architectural monuments located outside urban agglomeration
Authors: Chovniuk Yurii , Moskvitina Anna , Shyshyna Mariia , Rybachov Serhii , Mykhailyk Olha
Published: July 2024

Numerous architectural monuments throughout Ukraine were once proud and were the center of historical events. With a glorious and rich history, but forgotten by people because they are located outside the city limits and are not included in well-known tourist routes. Historic buildings are examples of neoclassicism, baroque, neo-gothic and many other styles. During Soviet times, they were turned into barracks, chemical storage facilities, food and weapon warehouses, and now they are empty and collapsing. A correct and calculated approach to reconstruction, restoration and monitoring of their further condition will make it possible to turn such objects into the cultural and historical center of a rural agglomeration. This will help maintain historical memory, preserve culture and heritage, and also give economic impetus to the development of the area where they are located. Leakage of worn-out enclosing structures is the biggest problem of abandoned architectural monuments. This causes uneven wetting of the structures. And then the task is posed of how to properly dry such enclosing structures and not damage them. All these old building envelopes are colloidal capillary porous bodies (CCPB). Drying of such massive structures occurs due to heating. The problem of the optimal heating rate of a massive colloidal capillary-porous body is considered. The restrictions that are imposed on the internal thermal stresses in the specified body are taken into account, especially at the first low-temperature stage when heating the colloidal capillary porous bodies. Due to the temperature distribution over the mass (over the cross-section) of the colloidal capillary porous bodies, compressive and tensile stresses arise inside the body. Colloidal capillary porous bodies can be destroyed by these stresses, leading to the appearance of various microdefects.
Nonisothermal flow of nanofluid in ground heat accumulator for decentralized heat supply of rural facilities for various purposes
Authors: Chovniuk Yurii , Moskvitina Anna , Rybachov Serhii , Zinych Petro
Published: July 2024

In rural areas, there is a question of heat supply to objects for various purposes that are located in areas remote from the infrastructure. The problem of using renewable energy sources and reducing CO₂ emissions is also relevant. Such objects with decentralized heat supply can be individual residential buildings, administrative, sports, cultural facilities, as well as greenhouses, livestock complexes, and storage facilities for agricultural products. To increase the efficiency of using solar heating, it is advisable to use heat accumulators. When using decentralized heat supply, seasonal heat accumulators provide greater efficiency and autonomy. A way to increase efficiency in such systems is to use nanofluids (propylene glycol/ethylene glycol-based nanofluid) as the heat carrier. These heat carriers are non-Newtonian fluids. Most industrially important heat carriers circulating in the round channels of soil accumulators at sufficiently high shear rates demonstrate high elasticity. In recent years, the processes of unsteady flow of elastic-viscous liquids in pipes and round channels of ground heat accumulators, which are caused by the action of various factors: time-varying pressure gradient, movement of layers, their general action, etc., have been intensively studied. The non-isothermal flow of an elastic-viscous fluid under the action of a pulsed pressure gradient in a round channel of a ground heat accumulator is considered. The rheological model is a nonlinear integral model with a memory function, which depends on the invariants of the strain rate tensor. Unsteady flow is considered and comprehensively studied; a system of equations is established that describes the flow of liquid with the specified rheological equation in the gap between two coaxial cylinders. The numerical analysis showed that the rheological and thermophysical properties of the fluid have a significant impact on the development of the pressure flow of an elastic-viscous fluid in a round channel.
Competence development of labour protection specialists in civil protection studies
Authors: Brizga Dace , Miezite Olga , Andrejeva Kristine , Sisenis Linards
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, in the context of civil protection, under the influence of globalization, there are more and more potential threats, which raises the question - how quickly and effectively the national civil protection system is able to adapt to the specifics and dynamics of new threats, as well as to what degree Latvian specialists and society are competent to act in an emergency situation. To search for solutions, a study was conducted during the internship of the professional higher education master study program “Labour protection and safety”, with the aim to improve the competence of labour protection specialists in the context of civil protection for action in emergencies. During the study practice, a survey questionnaire was developed for the residents of Latvian municipalities and civil servants involved in the civil protection of municipalities. Structured interview questions were prepared for experts involved in municipal civil protection. Competent specialists must understand what competences they need to develop in order to be able to improve society level of knowledge. The non-parametric method - Mann-Whitney test - was chosen for the comparison of the average levels of civil servants and population groups. The obtained data show the results of calculations for the positions where statistically significant differences were observed. The Shapiro-Wolf test was used for the civil servants group, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the population group. It was concluded that the differences in the average levels of personal disaster preparedness for groups are statistically significant with reliability 95% (U (Ncitiz = 30, Nserv = 58) = 500.50, z = -3.26, p < 0.01). The citizens’ rate of disaster preparedness is lower than specialists’ preparedness. Therefore, labour protection specialists need to improve their competence by improving communication and digital skills.
Investigation of UD hibride basalt fiber/epoxy composite mechanical properties depending on length
Authors: Vavaliya Umesh , Jafarli Ilgar , Kononova Olga , Novakova Iveta , Motlep Riho
Published: July 2024

A basalt micro-fiber bundle (yarn), slightly twisted and impregnated by polymeric matrix with uniformly distributed within the matrix volume microscopical particles of oil shale ash (OSA) is used in textile reinforcement of a composite structure. Oil shale ash (OSA) is a powder, obtained in the combustion process, during generation of electricity at electrical power plants in Estonia. Polymeric matrix is epoxy resin. Mechanical properties of the hybrid composite - epoxy matrix (with OSA) reinforced by continuous basalt fibers depend significantly on the stress transfer and failure mechanisms occurring at the micro-fiber-matrix interface. The present work experimentally investigates the strength of such basalt fiber/epoxy (with OSA) composite rod, emphasizing its dependence on length. Composite samples were experimentally fabricated with 10 wt.% of OSA in polymeric matrix impregnated basalt micro-fiber bundles forming rods with a diameter of 0.13cm. Experimentally fabricated rods are with the length 1, 10 and 82 cm. The rods were tested by tension till rupture and the stochastic Weibull approach was used for rod strength statistical evaluation. The results revealed a scale effect, where shorter rods exhibited higher tensile strengths compared to longer rods, attributed to the lower probability of critical flaws in smaller volumes. The experimental strength data were analyzed using the two-parameter Weibull distribution. The shape parameter α ranged from 3.87 (82 cm) to 8.98 (10 cm), while the scale parameter β increased from 891 MPa (82 cm) to 1169 MPa (1 cm). These Weibull parameters quantify the length-dependent strength variability of the basalt fiber/epoxy composite rods, enabling stochastic modeling of the reinforcement fragmentation process when such rods are used in composite structures.
Investigation and substantiation of miscanthus rhizome digger pin grid design parameters
Authors: Adamchuk Valerii , Prysyazhnyi Viktor , Bulgakov Volodymyr , Kaletnik Hryhorij , Mazur Viktor , Trokhanyak Oleksandra , Aboltins Aivars , Rucins Adolfs , Holovach Ivan
Published: July 2024

In the global energy sector there is an increasing need to replace the traditional energy resources with appropriate analogues of the plant origin, which will significantly reduce the consumption of traditional fuels. Ukraine has significant energy potential for the development of the bioenergy industry, in particular, the use of such an effective bioenergy crop as miscanthus. The technology for growing miscanthus involves the use of the planting material in the form of rhizomes which must be in a significantly crushed form. The goal of increasing the efficiency of the process of collecting the miscanthus planting material is to substantiate the machine parameters for mechanized digging of the miscanthus rhizomes. To do this, based on an analysis of various technological processes for digging up other root crops and devices for soil separation, we have developed a new machine for mechanized collection of miscanthus rhizomes with their simultaneous disintegration into parts, and rhizomes that are treated by a drum and a pin grid, located above. According to the results of the study it was established that the number of miscanthus, separated by rhizomes, is 62%, the amount of damage to the planting material is 2.5%. On industrial plantations the use of the developed machine ensures division of miscanthus rhizomes into parts, and the undivided rhizomes account for only 18.5%; the degree of soil separation is 82.7% with an absolute humidity of 22.6%. The ratio of the miscanthus rhizomes divided into parts and the rhizomes is 39:61, which indicates that for every hundred crushed parts of miscanthus there are almost 40 pieces, already fully suitable as the planting material. The obtained results allow us to recommend the machine for digging up miscanthus rhizomes with certain optimal design parameters for mass (serial) production.
Theoretical study of flexible blade movement in cleaning carrot root crop heads without extracting them from soil
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Holovach Ivan , Savchenko Igor , Rykhlivskyi Petro , Budzanivskyi Myroslav , Aboltins Aivars , Rucins Adolfs , Olt Juri , Ihnatiev Yevhen
Published: July 2024

One of the technologies for harvesting carrots is to separate the tops without extracting the carrots from the soil with their subsequent digging up from the soil. Since the cutting of tops is carried out, as a rule, by a continuous rotary top-cutting apparatus, there is a need to further clean the root crop heads from the top residues. A new design has been developed for a two-shaft cleaner without extracting the carrots from the soil, which cleans each head from both sides with flexible cleaning blades, mounted on horizontal drive shafts. For a theoretical research of this process there was constructed a mathematical model of the interaction of the flexible cleaning blade with the head of the carrot. For this purpose, an equivalent diagram was drawn up for the interaction of the flexible cleaning blade with the carrot root crop, which is located in the soil (conventionally, it is actually firmly fixed in it). In addition, in this equivalent diagram the remains of the tops are shown on the head of the carrot root. Besides that, the interaction of the flexible cleaning blade with the head of the carrot root crop is implemented in two phases: first, the phase of impact of the blade upon the head of the root crop, and then its post-impact movement. These phases of impact upon the head provide conditions according to which, during the interaction, first, knocking down, and then combing off the remains of the tops occurs. The equivalent diagram shows the velocities of points during the impact interaction, the actual velocities and the applied forces. Based on the use of the theorem about the change in the momentum of a material point upon impact, the impact impulse is determined, and an analytical expression is obtained to determine the final speed of the impact point. Calculations have been made for the speed of the contact point after the impact, and graphical dependencies, affecting it has been found. The results of the theoretical studies showed that at a low velocity of the machine and tractor unit Vn the influence of the angular velocity ω of the blade has a significant influence on the value of the after impact velocity U of the blade. So, at a speed Vn = 0.5 m·s-1, the after impact speed U increases only by 40…350%. But at Vn = 3.0 m·s-1, the after impact velocity U increases only by 1.3…30.2% when the angular velocity ω of the blade changes in the range from 10 to 50 rad·s-1. The next stage of the research was the study of the post-impact movement of the flexible cleaning blade along the very head of the carrot, which made it possible to determine the conditions for efficient combing off the remains of the tops on it.