bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Economic Ripple Effects in the Agricultural Field Using Input–Output Analysis: Drought Damage in Korea in 2018
Authors: Song Youngseok , Park Moojong , Kim Sangdan , Kim Sang Yeob
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the economic impact of the 2018 agricultural drought in Korea on the agricultural field through input–output analysis. Using industry linkage tables provided by the Bank of Korea, various economic impacts, including socio-economic and industry linkage effects, such as production, value added inducement effects, and employment inducement effects in the agricultural field, were analyzed. Our findings show the following: (1) It was found that an increase of 1 billion KRW (South Korean won) in output of agricultural, forestry, and fishery products induces an average of 0.6544 KRW in production inducement effects in other industries, 0.23756 KRW in value-added inducement effects, and 3.11363 in employment inducement effects per 1 billion KRW. (2) The supply shortage effect of agricultural, forestry, and fishery products was analyzed to cause a decrease in production of 2.3932 KRW across all industries, and the price inducing effect of a 10% increase in price was found to be 0.19400%, on average. The highest production inducement effects in the food and beverage industry (0.16514 KRW) and the highest value-added inducement effects (0.04391 KRW) came from agricultural, forestry, and fishery products. (3) In the industry linkage effect analysis, agricultural, forestry, and fishery products were found to have a forward linkage coefficient of 0.95652 and a backward linkage coefficient of 0.98911. It is implied by this result that the economic impact of agriculture on other industrial sectors is not significant. This study emphasizes the economic importance of agriculture by providing analytical results that can be utilized in agricultural policy formulation and economic decision-making. It can be used as an important basis for policy development for sustainable development and economic stability of the agricultural field. It can also contribute to a better understanding of how agriculture interacts with other industrial sectors and to the development of effective response strategies to natural disasters such as agricultural drought.
Simulation of Drainage Volume and Nitrogen Loss Load in Paddy Fields under Different Irrigation and Drainage Modes and Hydrological Years
Authors: Meng Yan , Yu Yanmei , Yu Shuangen , Chen Peng , Cao Kaihua
Published: May 2024

Controlled irrigation and drainage technology for rice is crucial water management that has been widely promoted in northeastern China. It is of great significance to clarify the response mechanism of the drainage volume and nitrogen loss load in the paddy field for realizing water saving, emission reduction, pollution control and high yield in rice-planting areas. In this study, we conducted field experiments and simulations on drainage volume and nitrogen loss load regulations of paddy fields in a cold black soil region under different hydrological years and irrigation and drainage modes. The key parameters for simulating drainage volume and nitrogen loss load in paddy fields using DRAINMOD-NII were determined by combining field experiments, data analysis, and numerical simulation. The results showed that the simulated drainage volume and nitrogen loss load showed a high coefficient of determination with the observed results, which were all above 0.83. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient ranged from 0.72 to 0.97 in model calibration and verification, indicating that the model effectively simulated drainage volume and nitrogen loss load in paddy fields under controlled irrigation and drainage in the cold black soil region. The paddy field drainage volume was not only influenced by rainfall frequency but also by the distribution of rainfall. Compared with traditional irrigation and drainage, the controlled irrigation and drainage significantly reduced the irrigation amount by 39.07% and increased rainwater utilization efficiency by 13.07%. It also reduced the drainage volume by 44.71% and NO3−-N and NH4+-N loss load by 59.38% and 44.96%. The controlled irrigation and drainage mode optimized natural rainfall resources and increased irrigation water productivity and rice yield by 97.85% and 16.88%, respectively. Controlled irrigation and drainage outperformed the traditional mode in different hydrological years, with more pronounced effects in dry years, which highlights its significant value in practical agricultural production.
Development and Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplifcation (LAMP) Assay for Specific and Sensitive Detection of Puccinia melanocephala Causing Brown Rust in Sugarcane
Authors: Wu Weihuai , Wang Guihua , Wang Han , Zhu Liqian , Liang Yanqiong , Gbokie Thomas , Lu Ying , Huang Xing , He Chunping , Qin Jianfeng , Yi Kexian
Published: May 2024

Sugarcane brown rust (SCBR), caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is a destructive fungal disease that has extensively spread in the sugarcane-cultivating regions across the world. Early monitoring plays an important role in predicting the P. melanocephala epidemic and managing SCBR. However, accurately identifying SCBR based on symptoms and urediniospore morphology at the initial stage is a challenge. Further, it is tedious, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires expensive equipment to detect P. melanocephala using PCR-based methods. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology is renowned for its speed, simplicity, and low equipment requirements for specifically and sensitively identifying many pathogens. Therefore, in this study, a novel and highly sensitive LAMP assay was developed for the specific detection of P. melanocephala in sugarcane. Here, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of P. melanocephala was selected as the target gene for LAMP primer design. Based on the color change of SYBR Green I and gel electrophoresis, specific LAMP primers were screened. Further, the optimal reaction conditions for the LAMP assay were determined at 63 °C for 60 min. The LAMP assay showed a high degree of specificity for the detection of P. melanocephala in sugarcane, with no cross-reactivity with other fungal pathogens. The established LAMP protocol was highly sensitive and can be used to detect as low as 1 pg/μL of P. melanocephala plasmid DNA, which is comparable to that of nested PCR and ~100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. Finally, the detection rate of the LAMP method was higher than that of conventional and nested PCR in field samples.
Quantifying Soybean Defects: A Computational Approach to Seed Classification Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Sable Amar , Singh Parminder , Kaur Avinash , Driss Maha , Boulila Wadii
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a computational approach for quantifying soybean defects through seed classification using deep learning techniques. To differentiate between good and defective soybean seeds quickly and accurately, we introduce a lightweight soybean seed defect identification network (SSDINet). Initially, the labeled soybean seed dataset is developed and processed through the proposed seed contour detection (SCD) algorithm, which enhances the quality of soybean seed images and performs segmentation, followed by SSDINet. The classification network, SSDINet, consists of a convolutional neural network, depthwise convolution blocks, and squeeze-and-excitation blocks, making the network lightweight, faster, and more accurate than other state-of-the-art approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that SSDINet achieved the highest accuracy, of 98.64%, with 1.15 M parameters in 4.70 ms, surpassing existing state-of-the-art models. This research contributes to advancing deep learning techniques in agricultural applications and offers insights into the practical implementation of seed classification systems for quality control in the soybean industry.
Light Intensity Affects Growth and Nutrient Value of Hydroponic Barley Fodder
Authors: Yang Jinyu , Sun Jiusheng , Wang Xihe , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2024

Light intensity significantly influences plant growth in hydroponic green fodder systems, yet research exploring the growth dynamics and nutrient accumulation in hydroponically grown barley under various light conditions has been limited. This study investigated the impact of different light intensities—0, 100, 200, and 300 μmol/m2/s—on the nutritional composition and quality of hydroponic barley fodder. Assessments were made on biomass production, physiological responses including photosynthetic parameters, and nutritional components such as essential amino acids five days post-treatment. The findings indicated that increasing light intensity boosted photosynthetic activity, expanded leaf area, enhanced root length, and promoted biomass accumulation. However, the highest intensity tested, 300 μmol/m2/s, led to significant chlorophyll degradation, increased water loss, and induced oxidative stress, adversely affecting fodder quality and reducing essential amino acids. In contrast, an intensity of 200 μmol/m2/s was identified as optimal for promoting robust barley growth through principal component analysis. This optimal setting supported vigorous growth and ensured the production of nutrient-rich, high-quality fodder, providing a basis for scaling up production efficiently. This research offers crucial insights into optimizing light conditions to maximize both the yield and nutritional quality of hydroponically grown barley fodder, presenting a significant step forward in enhancing hydroponic farming practices.
Silicon-Mediated Adjustments in C:N:P Ratios for Improved Beetroot Yield under Ammonium-Induced Stress
Authors: Olivera-Viciedo Dilier , Salas Aguilar Daimy , de Mello Prado Renato , Peña Calzada Kolima , Calero Hurtado Alexander , de Cássia Piccolo Marisa , Bomfim Soares Mariana , Lizcano Toledo Rodolfo , Alves Guilherme Ribeiro , Ferreira Daniele , Rodrigues Rosane , de Moura Zanine Anderson
Published: May 2024

Nitrogen (N) holds a prominent position in the metabolic system of plants, as it is a main constituent of amino acids, which are the basic building blocks of proteins and enzymes. Plants primarily absorb N in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−). However, most plants exhibit severe toxicity symptoms when exposed to NH4+ as the sole N source. Addressing NH4+ stress requires effective strategies, and the use of silicon (Si) has shown promising results. However, there is a lack of underlying studies on the impact of NH4+ toxicity on C:N:P stoichiometric balance and the role of Si in these ratios. In this study, we explored the effects of varying NH4+ concentrations (1, 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 mmol L−1) on the C:N:P stoichiometry and yield of beetroot in hydroponic conditions. Additionally, we investigated whether the application of Si (2 mmol L−1) could mitigate the detrimental effects caused by toxic NH4+ levels. The experiment followed a randomized block design based on a 5 × 2 factorial scheme with four replicates. Results revealed that in the presence of Si, both [N] and [P] significantly increased in shoots and roots, peaking at 15 mmol L−1 of NH4+ in the nutrient solution. While shoot [C] remained stable, root [C] increased with NH4+ concentrations of 22.5 and 30 mmol L−1, respectively. Moreover, shoot and root [Si] increased with higher NH4+ levels in the nutrient solution. The findings underscored homeostatic instability under the highest NH4+ levels, particularly in plants cultivated without Si in the nutritive solution, leading to a reduction in both shoot and root dry matter production.
Laying Hens: Why Smothering and Not Surviving?—A Literature Review
Authors: Mazocco Caroline Citta , de Castro Júnior Sérgio Luís , Silveira Robson Mateus Freitas , Poletto Rosangela , da Silva Iran José Oliveira
Published: May 2024

The proliferation of rearing systems providing opportunities for birds to engage in natural behaviors can trigger behavioral repertoires that when not manageable compromise animal welfare and the economic viability of the flock. Smothering in laying hens has long been perceived as “natural” or the result of hysteria among birds in the flock. However, the current literature has recognized smothering as an abnormal outcome with the potential to result in significant losses in cage-free poultry systems. Recent studies have specifically aimed to categorize the organization of smothering behavior and highlight its potential causes and consequences. In this study, literature review and bibliographic mapping, drawing on published articles and engagement with poultry farmers through extension and rural technical assistance, were employed. The findings indicate that smothering is a behavior triggered by factors related to the environment in which the laying hens are kept. This study concludes that there is a critical need for more rigorous and detailed research to elucidate the nuances of avian behavioral physiology and assess the impact of production systems on animal welfare and the economic impacts on the flock. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of bird behavior in high-production environments and provides practical insights for the poultry industry.
Effects of Brown Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) Supplementation on Enteric Methane Emissions, Metabolic Status and Milk Composition in Peak-Lactating Holstein Cows
Authors: Bošnjaković Dušan , Nedić Sreten , Arsić Sveta , Prodanović Radiša , Vujanac Ivan , Jovanović Ljubomir , Stojković Milica , Jovanović Ivan B. , Djuricic Ivana , Kirovski Danijela
Published: May 2024

The dairy industry contributes significantly to anthropogenic methane emissions, which have an impact on global warming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a dietary inclusion of brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on enteric methane emissions (EMEs), hematological and blood biochemical profiles, and milk composition in dairy cows. Eighteen Holstein cows were divided into three groups: CON (non-supplemented cows), BS50 (50 mL of 10% A. nodosum), and BS100 (100 mL of 10% A. nodosum). In each cow, measurements of EME, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield (MY), as well as blood and milk sampling with respective analyzes, were performed before supplementation (P1), after 15 (P2) days, and after 30 (P3) days of supplementation. A. nodosum reduced (p < 0.05) methane production, methane yield, and methane intensity in both BS50 and BS100, and raised DMI (p < 0.05) only in BS50. Total bilirubin (p < 0.05) was higher in BS50 compared to CON cows in P2, and triacylglycerols were lower (p < 0.05) in BS50 than in CON cows in P3. Higher milk fat content was found in BS50 than in CON cows in P3. C16:0 proportions were higher (p < 0.05) in BS50 and BS100 than in CON cows, while C18:3n-3 was higher (p < 0.05) in BS100 than in BS50 and CON cows in P3. Dietary treatment with A. nodosum reduced EMEs and showed the potential to increase DMI and to improve energy status as well as milk composition in peak-lactating dairy cows.
Role of CT in the Staging of Colorectal Tumors: A Preliminary Study on 10 Dogs
Authors: Perfetti Simone , Mugnai Martina , Citi Simonetta , Marconato Laura , Foglia Armando , Sabattini Silvia , Linta Nikolina , Diana Alessia
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to define the CT features of colorectal tumors in dogs and assess CT’s role in tumor staging. It was a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study involving dogs with a cyto-histopathological diagnosis of colorectal tumors and high-quality pre- and post-contrast CT scans of the abdomen. CT successfully identified colorectal lesions in all cases, showing variations such as wall thickening, presence of masses, and luminal stenosis. It also detected lymph node involvement. Overall, this study helps us to understand the CT features of both epithelial and mesenchymal colorectal tumors, emphasizing CT’s importance in staging and surgical planning for affected dogs. Larger studies are needed to identify specific CT findings for different colorectal neoplasms.
Effects of Starter Diet Energy Concentration on Nutrient Digestibility and Subsequent Growth Performance and Meat Yields of Broilers under Two Coccidiosis Control Programs
Authors: Myers Alyson G. , Rochell Samuel J.
Published: May 2024

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the live performance, processing characteristics, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and energy (IDE) in broilers under two coccidiosis control programs (CCP) and fed three starter diet energy levels. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of CCP [in-feed diclazuril (ACD) or vaccinated after hatch (VAC)] and three starter diet energy levels [3008 (standard), 3058 (moderate), and 3108 (high) kcal/kg apparent MEn] achieved with different soybean oil concentrations. Birds were reared in floor pens (12 per pen) and received experimental starter diets from 0 to 18 d and common grower and finisher diets to 43 d. At d 11, VAC birds had higher (p < 0.05) excreta oocyst counts and lower (p < 0.05) plasma carotenoids, nutrient AID, and IDE than ACD birds. From 0 to 18 and 0 to 31 d, VAC decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and increased (energy × CCP, p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of birds fed the moderate and high-energy diets but not for those fed the standard energy diet. From 0 to 43 d, VAC only increased the feed conversion ratio of birds fed the moderate-energy starter diet (energy × CCP, p < 0.05). Carcass yields were lower (p < 0.05) for VAC birds than for ACD birds, and interactive effects (p < 0.05) were observed for wing yield. In summary, increasing dietary lipid concentration to account for Eimeria-induced reductions in lipid digestibility during the starter period of coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers may exacerbate, rather than ameliorate, these impacts on bird performance.
Exploring the Relationship between Persons with Hearing Loss/Deafness and Their Hearing Dogs
Authors: Driscoll Carlie J. , Hill Jessica , Torre Anna , Pachana Nancy
Published: May 2024

The reported positive outcomes of animal-assisted services have led to an emerging interest in many different aspects of human–animal interactions. The influence of an assistance animal is thought to encompass several psychosocial domains in the life of a person with a significant health impairment. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between Hearing Dogs and their owners. A prospective study design using a written questionnaire method was utilized to survey 58 current and 23 prospective Australian Lions Hearing Dogs owners. The Pet Expectations Inventory (PEI) was used to investigate the anticipated role of Hearing Dogs in waitlisted persons with hearing loss/Deafness, whereas the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) was completed by current owners to assess emotional attachment. The results revealed a high mean PEI score (M = 73.1, SD = 10.9, Mdn = 73.0, range: 55–91), with prospective owners strongly expecting the role of Hearing Dogs to include companionship/love and security. Furthermore, strong attachment features were evident in the owners’ relationships with Hearing Dogs, as demonstrated by a high total LAPS score (M = 81.2, SD = 7.5, range: 63–91). Mean scores for statements within the “people substitution” category were highest (range = 3.6/4.00–3.9/4.00). In this demographically homogenous study cohort, it appeared that the high expectations of potential Hearing Dog owners for their animals to serve supportive roles beyond hearing assistance should be achievable, as evidenced by the strong attachment relationships displayed between Hearing Dogs and their owners.
Two-Dimensional Shear-Wave Elastography of the Thyroid in Clinically Healthy Dogs in Different Age Groups
Authors: Ramos Denise Jaques , Disselli Tamiris , Gomes Diego Rodrigues , Aires Luiz Paulo Nogueira , Tinto Stéfany Tagliatela , Salazar Diana Villa Verde , Pereira Mariane Magno Ferreira , Miranda Brenda Santos Pompeu de , Oliveira Ana Paula Luiz de , Lima Bruna Bressianini , Uscategui Ricardo Andres Ramirez , Feliciano Marcus Antônio Rossi
Published: May 2024

The thyroid of dogs has not been extensively studied in 2D shear-wave elastography, making it challenging to apply this technique in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases in a non-invasive manner. The aim of this study is to evaluate the thyroid glands of healthy dogs using 2D shear-wave elastography in order to establish qualitative and quantitative parameters of tissue stiffness in dogs in different age groups. A total of 31 dogs of various breeds, sexes, and sizes were evaluated. Animals with clinical signs or ultrasound findings indicative of endocrine disease or thyroid lesions were excluded from the study. The shear-wave velocity data in meters per second (m/s) and color elastograms were evaluated and calculated using QelaXto™ 2D software. A healthy thyroid exhibits a blue-color elastogram, indicative of low stiffness. The reference range for the shear-wave velocity of thyroid tissue assessed by 2D shear-wave elastography can be between 1.6 and 2.0 m/s, with a variation of ±0.889 in adult and senior dogs.
Participation in a Prison-Based Training Programme Is Beneficial for Rescue Dogs
Authors: Leonardi Rebecca J. , Vick Sarah-Jane , Buchanan-Smith Hannah M.
Published: May 2024

Dogs are often relinquished because of behavioural issues which may be exacerbated in rehoming centres. Prison-based dog training programmes (DTPs) may enhance outcomes for rescue dogs by providing socialisation and training opportunities to improve behaviour, welfare and likelihood of rehoming. We assessed whether dogs benefitted from participation, 1–3 times per week, in a prison-based DTP in which male young offenders learn how to train and care for dogs waiting to be rehomed. Within DTP sessions, there was significant improvement on a range of training tasks (n = 42 dogs). Analyses of videos (n = 17 dogs) in the kennels and a training barn pre- and post-DTP participation showed improvement in some positive behaviours, but no significant change in other behaviours. Subjective ratings by staff of the dogs’ behaviour were made (n = 20 dogs). Desirable behaviours (e.g., playful/friendly) increased, and most undesirable behaviours (e.g., frustrated and noisy) decreased. Participation in the DTP did not mitigate all negative behaviours. However, improvements are consistent with enhanced welfare and likelihood of successful rehoming. Prison-based DTPs can be effective in supporting the work of animal rescue organisations to improve outcomes for dogs, while offering people in custody an opportunity to engage in purposeful activity and provide a community service.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens from Patients with Ocular Surface Infections in Germany, 2020–2021: A Comparison with the Data from Three Previous National Studies
Authors: Wohlfarth Esther , Kresken Michael , Deuchert Fabian
Published: May 2024

Bacteria are a major cause of superficial eye infections, especially in children. The present study aimed to (i) determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ocular bacterial pathogens recovered in 20 laboratories during the period 2020–2021 and (ii) compare these results to those from three studies of the same design conducted in 2004, 2009, and 2015 in Germany. Cut-off values defined by EUCAST were used as breakpoints. A total of 1366 bacterial isolates were collected. The most frequent ocular specimens were conjunctival smears (54.3%). Susceptibility rates of Staphylococcus aureus (n = 594), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 178), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 149) to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and oxytetracycline were >90% each. Overall, only minor changes in resistance levels were observed in the period since 2004. Therefore, all tested antimicrobials can still be recommended for local therapy of ocular surface infections.
Combinations of Cannabinoids with Silver Salts or Silver Nanoparticles for Synergistic Antibiotic Effects against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jackson John , Shademani Ali , Dosanjh Manisha , Dietrich Claudia , Pryjma Mark , Lambert Dana M. , Thompson Charles J.
Published: May 2024

Silver has been shown to improve the antibiotic effects of other drugs against both Gram- positive and -negative bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC) and cannabigerol (CBG) and their acidic counterparts (CBDA, CBCA, CBGA) against Gram-positive bacteria and further explored the additive or synergistic effects of silver nitrate or silver nanoparticles using 96-well plate growth assays and viability (CFUs- colony-forming units). All six cannabinoids had strong antibiotic effects against MRSA with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 mg/L for CBG, CBD and CBCA; 4 mg/L for CBGA; and 8 mg/L for CBC and CBDA. Using 96-well checkerboard assays, CBC, CBG and CBGA showed full or partial synergy with silver nitrate; CBC, CBDA and CBGA were fully synergistic with silver nanoparticles against MRSA. Using CFU assays, combinations of CBC, CBGA and CBG with either silver nitrate or silver nanoparticles, all at half or quarter MICs, demonstrated strong, time-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth (silver nitrate) and bactericidal effects (silver nanoparticles). These data will lead to further investigation into possible biomedical applications of specific cannabinoids in combination with silver salts or nanoparticles against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
Linalool Reduces Virulence and Tolerance to Adverse Conditions of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Dias Joel P. , Domingues Fernanda C. , Ferreira Susana
Published: May 2024

Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, poses substantial societal, economic, and public health challenges due to its resistance, persistence, and biofilm formation in the food industry. Exploring subinhibitory concentrations of compounds to target virulence inhibition and increase susceptibility to adverse conditions presents a promising strategy to mitigate its impact of L. monocytogenes and unveils new potential applications. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of linalool on virulence factors of L. monocytogenes and potential use in the reduction in its tolerance to stressful conditions. This action was analysed considering the use of two sub-inhibitory concentrations of linalool, 0.312 and 0.625 mg/mL. We found that even with the lowest tested concentrations, a 65% inhibition of violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum, 55% inhibition in biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes and 62% reduction on haemolysis caused by this bacterium were observed. In addition to its impact on virulence factors, linalool diminished the tolerance to osmotic stress (up to 4.3 log reduction after 24 h with 12% NaCl), as well as to high (up to 3.8 log reduction after 15 min at 55 °C) and low temperatures (up to 4.6 log reduction after 84 days with 12% NaCl at 4 °C). Thus, this study paves the way to further investigation into the potential utilization of linalool to mitigate the threat posed by L. monocytogenes in the field of food safety and public health.
Triple-Antibiotic Combination Exerts Effective Activity against Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Biofilm and Airway Infection in an In Vivo Murine Model
Authors: Offman Elliot M. , Leestemaker-Palmer Amy , Fathi Reza , Keefe Bailey , Bibliowicz Aida , Raday Gilead , Bermudez Luiz E.
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are highly prevalent and routinely cause opportunistic intracellular infectious disease in immunocompromised hosts. Methods: The activity of the triple combination of antibiotics, clarithromycin (CLR), rifabutin (RFB), and clofazimine (CFZ), was evaluated and compared with the activity of single antibiotics as well as with double combinations in an in vitro biofilm assay and an in vivo murine model of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (M. avium) lung infection. Results: Treatment of 1-week-old biofilms with the triple combination exerted the strongest effect of all (0.12 ± 0.5 × 107 CFU/mL) in reducing bacterial growth as compared to the untreated (5.20 ± 0.5 × 107/mL) or any other combination (≥0.75 ± 0.6 × 107/mL) by 7 days. The treatment of mice intranasally infected with M. avium with either CLR and CFZ or the triple combination provided the greatest reduction in CLR-sensitive M. avium bacterial counts in both the lung and spleen compared to any single antibiotic or remaining double combination by 4 weeks posttreatment. After 4 weeks of treatment with the triple combination, there were no resistant colonies detected in mice infected with a CLR-resistant strain. No clear relationships between treatment and spleen or lung organ weights were apparent after triple combination treatment. Conclusions: The biofilm assay data and mouse disease model efficacy results support the further investigation of the triple-antibiotic combination.
A New “Non-Traditional” Antibacterial Drug Fluorothiazinone—Clinical Research in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Zigangirova Nailya A. , Lubenec Nadezda L. , Beloborodov Vladimir B. , Sheremet Anna B. , Nelyubina Stanislava A. , Bondareva Nataliia E. , Zakharov Konstantin A. , Luyksaar Sergey I. , Zolotov Sergey A. , Levchenko Evgenia U. , Luyksaar Svetlana V. , Koroleva Ekaterina A. , Fedina Elena D. , Simakova Yana V. , Pushkar Dmitry Yu. , Gintzburg Alexander L.
Published: May 2024

In order to combat resistance, it is necessary to develop antimicrobial agents that act differently from conventional antibiotics. Fluorothiazinone, 300 mg tablet (The Gamaleya National Research Center), is an original antibacterial drug based on a new small molecule T3SS and flagellum inhibitor. A total of 357 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) were divided into two groups and given Fluorothiazinone 1200 mg/day or a placebo for 7 days to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drug. Additionally, all patients were given Cefepime 2000 mg/day. Fluorothiazinone with Cefepime showed superiority over placebo/Cefepime based on the assessment of the proportion of patients with an overall outcome in the form of a cure after 21 days post-therapy (primary outcome), overall outcome in cure rates, clinical cure rates, and microbiological efficacy at the end of therapy and after 21 days post-therapy (secondary outcomes). In patients who received Fluorothiazinone, the rate of infection recurrences 53 and 83 days after the end of the therapy was lower by 18.9%, compared with patients who received placebo. Fluorothiazinone demonstrated a favorable safety profile with no serious unexpected adverse events reported. The results showed superiority of the therapy with Fluorothiazinone in combination with Cefepime compared with placebo/Cefepime in patients with cUTIs.
Anti-Oxidative Bioactivities of Medicinal Herbs in the Treatment of Aging-Related Diseases
Authors: Lim Hye-Sun , Park Gunhyuk , Kim Yong-Ung
Published: May 2024

Over the last 20 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the biology of aging and lifespans [...]
Integrated Extended Kalman Filter and Deep Learning Platform for Electric Vehicle Battery Health Prediction
Authors: Li David Chunhu , Felix Javio Renja , Chin Yi-Ling , Jusuf Leonard Valentino , Susanto Louis Jason
Published: May 2024

As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) rises globally, ensuring the safety and reliability of EV battery systems becomes paramount. Accurately predicting the state of health (SoH) and state of charge (SoC) of EV batteries is crucial for maintaining their safe and consistent operation. This paper introduces a novel approach leveraging deep learning methodologies to predict battery SoH, focusing on implementing a system prototype for real-world applications. The proposed system integrates an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with a deep learning framework, forming a system prototype known as FELL, aimed at EV battery diagnosis and prediction. We devise an algorithm utilizing the EKF to estimate the SoH of the battery. We present a detailed overview of the system architecture and implementation, showcasing its predictive capabilities. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in accurately estimating battery SoH with notable improvements in prediction accuracy. Additionally, the FELL system provides users with real-time predictions and comparative analysis across multiple prediction models, offering valuable insights for EV battery management.
Research on One-Time Pouring Construction Technology of Side-Span Cast-In-Situ Section and Closed Section
Authors: Wang Changzhu , Yang Guijia , Zhang Jinhan , Wang Jiahao , Zheng Yuanxun
Published: May 2024

In recent years, in the construction process of closed-bridge side spans, construction has often been carried out in accordance with the construction sequence of, first, pouring the cast-in-place section, then preburying strong bone and pouring the closed section, and finally tensioning the closure steel bundle. However, the temperature change during the construction process of the conventional hinges leads to a large deformation of the hinges’ strong bone, which disturbs the concrete of the hinged section, and, at the same time, its high stiffness means that the concrete of the hinged section will not be sufficiently precompressed, thus resulting in the loss of prestressing force. Therefore, it is necessary to study the one-time casting construction technology of the side-span’s cast-in-place and closed sections. In this study, on the basis of introducing the conventional side-span joint-construction technology, the one-time pouring joint-construction technology was adjusted. In order to eliminate the sunlight temperature factor, which has a great influence on the process of joining, finite element analysis was used to further compare and analyze the changes in the internal force and the linearity of the structure under different joining methods. The results of this study show that, by adjusting the counterweight, the adverse effect of the disturbance of the main girder on the concrete at the joint end under the effect of sunshine temperature can be effectively controlled. Also, one-time joint construction is more reasonable for the internal force and deflection deformation of the structure compared with the conventional side-span joining method of a continuous rigid bridge, which is more favorable to the structure. The research methods and conclusions of this paper can provide a reference for the improvement of closed side-span one-time casting construction technology.
Design and Control of an Ultra-Low-Cost Logistic Delivery Fixed-Wing UAV
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Zhao Qinyang , Mao Peifu , Bai Qiaofeng , Li Fuzhong , Pavlova Svitlana
Published: May 2024

In contemporary logistics, the deployment of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a transportation platform is experiencing rapid advancements, garnering substantial application within numerous logistic operations with pronounced efficacies. There are notable impediments to the utilization of commercial logistic-oriented fixed-wing UAVs, including elevated procurement and maintenance costs, extensive maintenance intervals, and unsuitability for small-volume, low-altitude transport tasks. These factors collectively exacerbate the risk associated with enterprise procurement and elevate the cost–benefit ratio. This study introduces the design and fabrication of a cost-efficient UAV for logistic delivery purposes, constructed primarily from cost-effective wood materials. This UAV is engineered to ferry payloads of up to 1000 g across a predefined aerial route at an altitude of 40 m. Upon reaching the designated location, the UAV is programmed to initiate the identification of the drop zone, thereafter descending to facilitate the release of the cargo. To mitigate the impact force during the landing phase, the payload was encapsulated within a sponge-damping layer, thereby preserving the integrity of the transported items. The empirical findings from outdoor delivery trials underscore the UAV’s ability to precisely execute payload drops at the targeted locations, confirming its potential to fulfill the logistical requirements for the transportation and delivery of small-volume items in a cost-effective, low-altitude framework. This investigation contributes to the burgeoning discourse on leveraging ultra-low-cost UAVs in logistics, offering a feasible solution to the challenges of cost and efficiency in UAV-operated delivery systems.
Research on the Positioning Method of Steel Belt Anchor Holes Applied in Coal Mine Underground
Authors: Zeng Jinsong , Wang Yan , Wu Haotian , Liu Guoning
Published: May 2024

In order to improve the automation and safety of underground steel belt support in coal mines, a method for the intelligent identification and positioning of steel belt anchor holes in roadway support using inductive sensors is proposed. Using STM32F407ZGT6 as the main control chip, tasks such as data acquisition and processing, motor motion control, etc., are assigned based on the real-time operating system FreeRTOS. Using the XY mobile platform equipped with inductive sensors to detect steel belts, The collected data includes coordinate values and voltage values. Adaptive threshold generation and correction strategies are used for threshold segmentation and extraction of anchor hole boundary points. The principle of Hough circle transformation is used to fit the extracted boundary points into circles. The results show that this method can perform anchor hole positioning with a positioning error of within 5 mm, meeting the design requirements.
Analysis of Time-Domain Shielding Effectiveness of Lightweight Metallized Carbon Fiber Composite Chassis
Authors: Cao Le , Yuan Cheng-Zhi , Yuan Hao-Wei , Du Guang-Hui , Zhang Tian-Yi , Liu Xu-Qing
Published: May 2024

Electromagnetic interference poses a significant challenge to the reliability and performance of electronic equipment, particularly in the aerospace and aviation sectors where the demand for high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials is paramount. This study introduces an innovative solution: a lightweight nickel-plated carbon fiber composite chassis, designed to meet these stringent requirements. Through comparative analysis, we prove that this composite chassis is not only comparable to traditional metal chassis in terms of time-domain shielding effect, but also close to traditional metal chassis in terms of heat dissipation capability. Notably, it achieves a substantial weight reduction of 71.43% to 76.25% compared to its metal counterparts, addressing the critical need for lighter materials in aerospace applications. The superior heat dissipation feature of the nickel-plated carbon fiber composite, quantitatively superior to conventional materials, indicates its potential to enhance the operational efficiency and safety of aerospace electronics. This research underscores the viability of nickel-plated carbon fiber composites as a groundbreaking material for electromagnetic shielding, promising significant advancements in aerospace and beyond.
3D Acoustic Map Analysis of the National Theatre of Zagreb
Authors: Tronchin Lamberto , Bevilacqua Antonella
Published: May 2024

Rapid technological advances in recent decades have led researchers to refine the accuracy of their studies. In the field of acoustics, the impact of new devices is noticeable, especially in the investigations of cultural heritage buildings. The selection of a seat in theatres and concert halls has always been a concern, since the live experience of artistic performance depends on the quality of hearing and sight view. This paper deals with the elaboration of 360° acoustic maps made in the National Theatre of Zagreb, one of the opera theatres investigated with the Sipario project. The analysis of the main acoustic parameters has been carried out, starting with site measurements describing the acoustic response at various representative points of the main hall by covering the audience area. In addition, acoustic maps have been created for some selected positions based on a 3-degree-of-freedom (3dof) technique that allows a panoramic visualization of the impulse responses (IRs). This methodology completes the determination of early and late reflections that contribute to the acoustic quality of a place. In addition to the interest of experts in acoustics, this methodology can also be adopted by music lovers who can find a reasonable explanation for seat selection when booking their tickets.
Transportation Simulation Modeling and Location-Based Services Data Completion Based on a Data and Model Dual-Driven Approach
Authors: Wang Hantong , Shi Ziyi , Chen Yong , Zhu Zheng , Chen Xiqun
Published: May 2024

The evolving economic and technological landscape has brought about significant changes in travel behaviors and traffic patterns. These changes have led to the emergence of complex, multi-modal travel demands that interact with transportation networks, posing new challenges in transportation analysis and control. The primary objective of this study is to address these challenges by improving transportation modeling and data completeness using advanced modeling tools and transportation big data. We propose a dual-driven simulation model that integrates transportation simulation and big data. The approach begins by utilizing initial Location-Based Services (LBS) data to establish a mesoscopic multi-modal simulation model, which is then calibrated. This calibrated model is then employed to complete the missing trajectories of the LBS data. The innovative aspect of this dual-driven simulation model lies in its novel approach to constructing transportation models and completing LBS data, thereby enhancing both the simulation accuracy and the results of missing path completion. We conduct tests using the urban area of Hangzhou as an example, and the results show that the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) between the average link speeds in the simulation model and in real world observation is reduced to 24.1%. In the LBS data completion process, our proposed method achieves a travel mode identification accuracy of 95.3% for private car travel. Compared to the two baseline methods, the average accuracy of completed trajectories increases by 6.31% and 2.46%, respectively.
Network Structure Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Agglomerations in China under Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Wu Jinxian , Xu Lihua , Shi Yijun , Lu Zhangwei , Ma Qiwei
Published: May 2024

In the context of COVID-19, the efforts undertaken for epidemic control have imposed limitations on the multifaceted development of China. This manuscript utilizes Baidu migration data from 2019 to 2023 to classify the current developmental status of urban agglomerations (UAs) in China. The explication of network structure is achieved through the computation of metrics that capture network structural connectivity and hierarchical attributes. Additionally, an inquiry into the spatio-temporal differentiation of the UAs’ network structure is carried out, encompassing three phases: before COVID-19, the normalization stage of COVID-19, and after COVID-19. Furthermore, Quantitative Analysis of Patterns (QAP) is employed to assess the impact of diverse influencing factors. The analysis yields several key findings: ① The impact of COVID-19 on the network structure of China’s UAs manifests in two discernible stages—initial impact disruption and subsequent recovery and reconstruction. ② The exploration of pertinent influencing factors during the primary stage of UA development is impeded. ③ The growth stage and the UAs with a high level of development exhibit have a closely intertwined relationship, fostering a more rational hierarchical structure and demonstrating an enhanced capacity for swift recovery. ④ It is discerned that economic development level, medical facility standards, transportation infrastructure capacity, spatial proximity, and innovation accessibility exert a discernible influence on the network structure of UAs. Importantly, the extent of impact varies across different periods and types of UAs.
AI-Based Approach to Firewall Rule Refinement on High-Performance Computing Service Network
Authors: Lee Jae-Kook , Hong Taeyoung , Lee Gukhua
Published: May 2024

High-performance computing (HPC) relies heavily on network security, particularly when supercomputing services are provided via public networks. As supercomputer operators, we introduced several security devices, such as anti-DDoS, intrusion prevention systems (IPSs), firewalls, and web application firewalls, to ensure the secure use of supercomputing resources. Potential threats are identified based on predefined security policies and added to the firewall rules for access control after detecting abnormal behavior through anti-DDoS, IPS, and system access logs. After analyzing the status change patterns for rule policies added owing to human errors among these added firewall log events, 289,320 data points were extracted over a period of four years. Security experts and operators must go through a strict verification process to rectify policies that were added incorrectly owing to human error, which adds to their workload. To address this challenge, our research applies various machine- and deep-learning algorithms to autonomously determine the normalcy of detection without requiring administrative intervention. Machine-learning algorithms, including naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), OneR, a decision tree called J48, support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression, and the implemented neural network (NN) model with the cross-entropy loss function, were tested. The results indicate that the KNN and NN models exhibited an accuracy of 97%. Additional training and feature refinement led to even better improvements, increasing the accuracy to 98%, a 1% increase. By leveraging the capabilities of machine-learning and deep-learning technologies, we have provided the basis for a more robust, efficient, and autonomous network security infrastructure for supercomputing services.