bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic potential of rhizobacterial liquid formulations against Meloidogyne incognita infecting okra under field conditions
Authors: Gowda Manjunatha T , Sellaperumal C , Reddy Rajasekhar , Pandey KK
Published: October 2023

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is one among the commercially exploited vegetable crops. Okra fruits are low in calories and have high dietary fibre content and also rich source vitamins and minerals. However, this crop highly prone to root-knot nematodes. Largely, chemical nematicides have been opted for combating this nematode pest, nevertheless threats associated with chemical nematicides on human being and the environment led towards developing biocontrol agents as alternative approach. The biocontrol agents significantly adhere to biosafety regulations and being highly effective. In recent years, use of rhizobacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. has shown greater biocontrol potential against root knot nematodes. In this endeavor, bio-efficacy of liquid formulation such as Bacillus pumilus (1% A.S) and Pseudomonas putida (1% A.S) were evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita infecting okra (cv. Kashi Pragati) under field conditions for three consecutive years (2015, 2016 and 2017). Both formulations were applied in two methods of application such as seed treatment and soil application of enriched farm yard manure. The results revealed that, seed treatment with P. putida (1% A.S. @ 10 ml/ kg seed) + application of 20 tonnes of FYM enriched with 5 L of P. putida/ ha was found most effective against M. incognita by consistently reducing production of egg mass per root system (73.3%, 84.6% and 76.3%), nematode final population in soil (66.6%, 61.5% and 78.3%)with lesser root gall index (1.0, 1.0 and 1.86) during 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively, compared to control. The results were comparable with chemical treatments. The application of P. putida formulation (1% A.S) in combination of seed treatment and soil application of enriched FYM significantly protect okra crop from M. incognita incidence and it can be considered as a component under integrated management of M. incognita in okra under field conditions.
Converging Directions of Organic Architecture and City Planning: A Theoretical Exploration
Authors: Oliynyk Olena , Amandykova Dina , Konbr Usama , Eldardiry Dalia H. , Iskhojanova Galina , Zhaina Tolegen
Published: October 2023

The 'organic’ direction and energy saving are key postulates of sustainable development today. The term "organic architecture" was first formulated in the 1890s in the works of Louis Sullivan, who used this phrase to distinguish himself from prevailing eclecticism. Later, its principles were defined in the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, developed in the works of Alvar Aalto, Richard Neutra, Luigi Fiumara, and others. This paper examines this issue of organic architecture and city planning and its relevance to the modern world. It employs complex and systematic approach as a research methodology. Systematic approach was manifested in the analysis and synthesis of the main directions of organic architecture, their types and genres, which correlate with the evolution of city planning, Historical and urban planning analysis has been utilized to understand the impact of organic principles on cityscapes, and a scientifically based complex approach explores the relationships between organic architecture and a range of social, economic and environmental phenomena at the current stage. The research methodology employed in this study revolves around a comprehensive examination of the formation and evolution of organic architecture and city planning, with a focus on the integration of energy-saving and Nature-saving technologies. The paper identifies four main directions of organic architecture. The first is based on a harmonious combination of Nature, Architecture, and Man. Here, ‘organic’ means ‘subordinate to the landscape and climatic conditions of the environment.’ The founder of this idea is Frank Lloyd Wright. The period of emergence and flourishing was the 20s in the 20th century. The second stage, biomorphism, was formed in the 1950s and 1960s and was based on imitating natural forms. Oleksandr Lazarev, Santiago Kalatrava and others promoted this aspect of organic architecture. The third which appeared at the end of the 20th century, is aimed at preserving natural resources using energy-saving technologies. The fourth is the reuse of building materials and products and recycling. Receieved Reviewed Revised Published 27.07.2023 17.08.2023 25.08.2023 31.08.2023 ISVS e-journal, Vol. 10, Issue 8 August, 2023 Journal of the International Society for the Study of Vernacular Settlements Scopus Indexed Since 2016 224 The paper shows a gradual convergence of all directions; that is, buildings are increasingly combined with the surrounding spaces, and simultaneously, their forms are becoming more plastic, reminiscent of natural ones. Energy-saving technologies and recycling building materials and waste are becoming integral to organic architecture. Nevertheless, the most important thing is a person's connection with the environment and creating comfortable living conditions.
TINJAUAN SISTEM KERJASAMA PENGELOLAAN LAHAN PERTANIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (STUDI KASUS DI DESA MAJA KECAMATAN MARGA PUNDUH KABUPATEN PESAWARAN PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Murnasih Murnasih , Iswandi Irvan , Fitri Ahmad Asrof
Published: October 2023

The local community often cooperates in the management of agricultural land between land owners and land managers. Because not all landowners are able to manage their land and have knowledge of agricultural management. On the other hand, not everyone who has knowledge in land management owns land, so there is a process of cooperation between the two parties to generate mutual benefits. The majority of residents in Maja Village work as farmers. The author is interested in researching the cooperative system of agricultural land management in Maja Village, Marga Punduh District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, especially from the perspective of Islamic law. The research approach used was descriptive qualitative with in-depth interview techniques with informants. The techniques used in the data collection process were through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that in conducting agricultural land management cooperation contracts between landowners and cultivators only verbally, not in writing. In addition, there is no time limit for the end of this cooperation in land management.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI AKUN INSTAGRAM RACHEL VENNYA DALAM KAMPANYE SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT DONASI MILENIAL
Authors: Firdhaus Annisa , Satria Alfi , Sobirin
Published: October 2023

The stratetgy of Rachel Vennya’social campaign on Instagram is measurement in the sense of achieving the goals or objectives that have been previously set by the Rachel Vennya social campaign which aims to increase interest in donations among millenials so that other circles follow and people in need can immediately receive asistance, especially for people who are sick or have symptoms of covid and other people who are affected by this covid-19, both physically and spiritually. Based on this, the following problems are formulated: (1) What is the strategy forusing instagram’s social meta by Rachel Vennya in attracting donations? (2) How effective is Rachel Vennya’s communication model on instagram in growing millenial donation interest on the Kitabisa.com fundraising platform?. This research is a qualitative research. The results showed that (1) the campaign strategy through rachel Vennya's Instagram social media by uploading photo and video posts, taking real action and updating about the distribution of donation funds to a predetermined place made researchers believe that the communication strategy carried out by rachel Vennya was successful by looking at the response of the people who are so sympathetic and enthusiastic to help donate and also disseminate information to donate to other communities. (2) the effectiveness of the campaign carried out by Rachel has proven to be effective because there is a percentage of 83.63% of the number of donors after seeing the post, and this is a very high percentage.
ANALISIS PESAN DAKWAH TAYANGAN “UNTUK APA KITA HIDUP DI DUNIA” OLEH USTAD ABDUL SOMAD PADA KANAL YOUTUBE TAMAN SURGA. NET
Authors: Khamim Nur , Fitri Ahmad Asrof , Sobirin
Published: October 2023

This research aims to 1) To explain the message of da'wah delivered by Ustadz Abdul Somad with the title ‘For What We Live in the World’ on Youtube Taman Heaven.Net. 2) To explain the positive impact of the community on the da'wah message delivered by Ustadz Abdul Somad with the title ‘For What We Live in the World’ on Youtube Taman Langit.Net. The research This research uses the library research method with the following data collection techniques: observation techniques, communication techniques, measurement techniques, and techniques for reviewing documents and books related to the message of preaching the show ‘For What Are We Living in the World’ By Ustad Abdul Somad. From this research, the results obtained are: 1) The message of da'wah delivered by Ustad Abdul Shomad in the Taman Heaven.Net Youtube account with the title ‘For What We Live in the World’ contains messages of da'wah, aqidah, morality, and sharia. 2) The positive impact of the community on the da'wah message delivered by Ustadz Abdul Somad with the title ‘For What We Live in the World’ on Youtube Taman Langit.Net, there were 2562 viewers who watched the Youtube channel and gave positive comments.
PERAN AKUN INSTAGRAM USTADZ HANAN ATTAKI DAN EFEKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWAH DITINJAU DARI TEORI JARUM HIPODERMIK
Authors: Khoiru Nisa Rahmatu Lailia , Fitri Ahmad Asrof , Abdurrazaq Muhammad N. , Sulistyani Anjar
Published: October 2023

This study discusses the role of Ustadz Hanan Attaki's instagram account and its effectiveness as a preaching media in terms of hypodermic needle theory. The problem in this study is how the role of social media account as a media for preaching and its effectiveness according to the hypodermic needle theory in this case is the @hanan_attaki account. This study aims to determine the role of Ustadz Hanan Attaki’s instagram social media account in preaching and see its effectiveness. The method used in this study was a descriptive qualitative approach by taking instagram social media. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The sample in this study was taken by means of purposive sampling on followers of @hanan_attaki account. The results of the study showed that the role of Ustadz Hanan Attaki's instagram account as a media for preaching is quite good for followers because it can influence individual behavior in society such as getting information, insight, and entertainment. The effectiveness of the hypodermic needle theory for preaching through the instagram account @hanan_attaki is very effective because it has entered the thoughts and feelings as well as the actions or reactions of followers from @hanan_attaki account which are considered passive and only accept messages conveyed.
IMPLIKASI LEMBAGA SOSIAL DALAM PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN YATIM DAN DHUAFA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH(Studi Kasus di Lembaga Mutiara Qolbu Indonesia, Jakarta Timur)
Authors: Sabililah Sabi , Rohmah Siti Ngainnur
Published: October 2023

The poverty rate is still relatively high, there are social and economic inequalities in society, and economic conditions are not evenly distributed, causing various social services in the form of institutions to be present in the community, the position of social institutions is very important to protect orphans and dhuafa, so this is a form of implementation. a science of welfare. The purpose of this research is to explain the implications of social institutions for increasing the welfare of orphans and the poor in order to determine the increase in their welfare in the Mutiara Qolbu Indonesia Social Institution in terms of Sharia Economic Law. This study uses a qualitative research method using an empirical juridical approach or legal sociology. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that the implications of social institutions for improving the welfare of orphans and dhuafa at the Mutiara Qolbu Indonesia Social Institute, East Jakarta, have a positive impact on the welfare of orphans and dhuafa, which can be seen in the quality of life in terms of material, physical, mental and spiritual. Increasing the welfare of orphans and poor people at the Mutiara Qolbu Indonesia Institute, is in accordance with the review of sharia economic law. This can be seen from the fulfillment of economic welfare, the fulfillment of the basic needs of orphans and the poor, the optimal use of power, the distribution of wealth, wealth, income and development results in a fair and comprehensive manner, guaranteeing individual freedom, equal rights and opportunities, mutual assistance and justice.
Kleptoparasitism in Common Guillemots Uria aalge at two colonies during a period of poor food availability
Authors: Ashbrook K , Wanless S , Harris M , Hamer C
Published: October 2023

Kleptoparasitism, the stealing of food items from other animals, is an important foraging strategy for many taxa. In many cases the kleptoparasites and hosts are different species but less commonly, prey items are stolen from conspecifics. Recent studies have highlighted the potential importance of intra-specific kleptoparasitism in food-stressed populations, and here we show facultative kleptoparasitism at two North Sea colonies of Common Guillemots Uria aalge during one year of poor breeding success and one year of near average breeding success. The frequency of kleptoparasitism differed between colonies and years, reflecting variation in the magnitude of the benefits from kleptoparasitism, which was probably associated with variation in prey availability at sea. Specialised foraging strategies such as kleptoparasitism may allow individuals to buffer adverse conditions more effectively than those foraging only at sea.
A scope review on home-based care practices for COVID-19: What Nigeria can learn from other countries
Authors: Ilesanmi OS  , Afolabi AA
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Home-based care (HBC) services associated with COVID-19 pandemic are inevitable due to rising number of cases, the need for patients to self-isolate and curb the spread of infection. We reviewed the practices of HBC for COVID-19, identified possible challenges and suggested solutions for its optimization in Nigeria.Methods: We adopted the scope review methodology. We conducted an extensive search of published articles on three databases; MedLine, PubMed, and PLOS ONE focusing on home management for COVID-19 and screened them for eligibility.Results: Our findings revealed HBC decongests health facilities, makes room for health workers to focus on critically ill patients, and enhances recuperation of ill persons at a low cost. However, when self-isolation and infection prevention and control are not strictly adhered to, HBC increases the risk of transmission of COVID-19 among family members and further community transmission. Similarly, the existence of the perception of ‘imprisonment’ and difficulty in adherence to safety measures could be key challenges to optimizing HBC.Conclusion: Strict infection prevention and control (IPC) measures could reduce the transmission of COVID-19 during HBC. We recommend HBC training sessions, and IPC education for community members regarding home care of COVID-19 patients. Patients who are less likely to adhere to HBC should be isolated in health facilities where available. Organized trainings need to be scheduled for community-based volunteer healthcare workers to undertake visitations to household where COVID-19-infected persons are being isolated. A periodic review of HBC is needed to identify its challenges and proffer prompt solutions.
Analisis Perbandingan Ekonomis Penggunaan Penerangan Jalan Umum Solar Cell dengan Penerangan Jalan Umum Konvensional di Bandar Udara Djalaluddin Gorontalo
Authors: Bunahri Rifqi Raza
Published: October 2023

This study aims to conduct an economic comparison analysis between the use of solar cell street lighting and conventional street lighting at Djalaluddin Airport in Gorontalo. The research method employed is quantitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the utilization of solar cell street lighting at UPBU Djalaluddin Airport is relatively ineffective from an economic standpoint. The operational costs for battery replacement in solar cell street lighting are comparatively higher than using PLN electricity in conventional street lighting. Furthermore, the initial investment cost for solar cell street lighting is significantly more expensive than conventional street lighting. The total costs of solar cell street lighting over a 10-year period are also higher compared to conventional street lighting. However, the operational costs for solar cell street lighting are simpler, limited to the expenses for cleaning the solar panels, while the operational costs for conventional street lighting depend on the government-regulated Basic Electricity Tariff (TDL).
The Sears List of Subject Headings: Social and Cultural Dimensions in Historical, Theoretical, and Design Contexts
Authors: Holstrom Chris
Published: October 2023

The Sears List of Subject Headings was first published in 1923 to provide guidance to subject catalogers in small libraries in the United States. The Sears List, now in its 22nd edition, is still widely used for subject cataloging in small- and medium-sized libraries and in children’s and school libraries, but the Sears List is not nearly as widely studied as the more comprehensive Library of Congress Subject Headings. This paper aims to expand the critical discussion of the Sears List and to contextualize the List in contemporary cultural and social dimensions by reviewing its history, theory, and design. The paper looks specifically at how Black people and culture, Indigenous peoples and cultures, and LGBTQ+ people and cultures are represented in the Sears List throughout its history and how warrant, design, and theory inform this representation.
Latour's Hotel Keys: An Actor-Network Ontology
Authors: Goodwin Shawn , Kuehn Evan
Published: October 2023

This project is a reintroduction of an illustration used by Bruno Latour in the essay “Technology is Society Made Durable,” of a hotel manager who creates programs to increase customer compliance in returning their room keys. Verbal reminder, signage, and a weighted key fob are non-human actants that relate to customers such that customers either return keys (i.e., follow the program) or fail to return keys (i.e. follow the anti-program). Latour’s network description is not grounded in an ontology, and we propose to create a small ontology using the open specifications of RDF, OWL, and SKOS in order to model it. The point of this project is to provide a robust, usable, and versatile framework for doing actor-network analysis, and to champion an approach to non-human actants characteristic of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as also helpful for understanding systems. The interaction between knowledge organization and ANT has been limited, but should be explored further. ANT operates under certain implied ontological commitments concerning common properties of human and non-human entities as actants, and of relationships as formative of actant identities. In our project we will explore an ontology model for Latour’s Hotel Keys and briefly discuss the lessons that this simple actor-network model provides for knowledge organization.
DARSI: An Ontology for Facilitating the Development of Data Sharing and Use Agreements
Authors: Greene Micaela , Grabus Sam , Greenberg Jane
Published: October 2023

The advantages of data sharing across organizations and disciplines are indisputable; although, sensitive and restricted data cannot be easily shared due to policies and legal matters. The research presented in this paper takes a step toward systematizing the sharing of sensitive and restricted research data by developing an ontology to frame and guide DSUA (Data Sharing and Usage Agreement) development. The paper provides background context, describes the ontology creation process, and introduces the Data Sharing Agreements for Restricted and Sensitive Information (DARSI) ontology. DARSI contains four top level classes, 20 sub-classes, 33 sub-categories and 17 simple properties for categories applicable at various levels. The discussion provides further insight into the work accomplished, and the conclusion identifies next steps.
Modeling Ephraim Chambers' Knowledge Structure from a Naïve Standpoint
Authors: McClellan Scott , Kelly Mat , Greenberg Jane
Published: October 2023

In the preface to his Cyclopaedia published in 1728 Ephraim Chambers offers readers a systematized structure of his attempt to produce a universal repository of human knowledge. Divided into an interconnected taxonomic tree and domain vocabulary, this structure forms the basis of one effort from the Metadata Research Center to study historical ontologies. The knowledge structure is being encoded into a Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) form as well as a Web Ontology Language (OWL) version. This paper explores the expressive and functional differences between these SKOS and OWL versions of Chambers’ knowledge structure. As part of this goal, the paper research focused on the construction and application of rules in each system to produce a more computationally ready representation of Chambers’ structure in SKOS, which is more thesaurus-like, and OWL, which represents additional ontological nuances. First, studying the various textual aspects at the semantic, syntactic, and typographic levels allowed for the relationships between terms to manifest from which rules governing expression of the connections between elements developed. Second, because each language, SKOS and OWL, functionally expresses different logical relationships, their possibilities and limitations offer a ground for further analyzing the resultant knowledge structures; although, each stemmed from the same basic source of Chambers’ text. Lastly this paper will examine rule making and expression in light of Paul Grice’s theory of conversational implicature to understand how a naïve agent formulates and applies these rules to a knowledge structure.
Hashtag and visual analysis of the graffiti art response to Covid-19 on Instagram
Authors: Graf Ann M.
Published: October 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic fostered a flurry of activity from various quarters, including the artistic response of the graffiti art community. Numerous works of graffiti art are documented daily on the image sharing platform Instagram, making it an obvious choice for examination of graffiti art images relating to the pandemic and the hashtags associated with the works. Using manual gathering of data from Instagram, a series of visual themes became apparent. Hashtags were also examined for comparison to the visual themes and to confirm the use of compound tagging to express complex subjects within the limitations of the platform. This preliminary work demonstrates the possibility of manual data collection from Instagram, but also raises a number of other questions that could not be addressed in a short report. The research is a first step in the effort to support previous research on facets for graffiti art description from other platforms curated by the graffiti art community outside Instagram.
Extended Abstract Out of the Ordinary: Common Use Arguments in Legislative Classification
Authors: Soos Carlin
Published: October 2023

The common-law doctrine of stare decisis tasks the courts with comparing, sorting, and regulating new cases based on established standards of legality, a lineage of thought that seeks continuity between past and future rulings (Scalia 1997, 7). Regardless of this strong desire for stability and consistency, the frustrating reality is that ambiguity is often written—intentionally or accidentally—into legislation, contracts, and policy, questionable phrasing that can severely hinder a court’s ability to determine how new cases relate to previous findings. As the text of a legal document provides the normalized naming around which future cases are considered, statutory interpretation is needed to “determine an instrument’s meaning” (Baude and Sachs 2017, 1086) when subjects deviate too far from or challenge previously defined regulatory categories. This interpretation ensures that a statue is “not only internally consistent, but also compatible with previously enacted laws” (Scalia, 16). Different modalities, discourses, and theories can influence and guide judicial interpretation. Here, I will be focusing on the legal canons of “ordinary meaning,” “plain meaning,” and “common use,” flexible interpretive devices frequently evoked by scholars and judges to clarify ambiguous terminology and manage legislative classifications. Although each is unique and distinct, I argue that appeals to the plain, ordinary, and common can be unified under a singular knowledge organization (KO) theory motivated by a desire for atheoretical meaning and rooted in three unifying characteristics: obfuscation, hegemonic appeal, and autopoietic validation. Each of these attributes provides extremely valuable epistemic opportunities, yet their effective combination creates a mechanism that most readily substantiates, rather than dismantels, oppressive norms.
On the Question of Authorship in Large Language Models (LLMs)
Authors: Soos Carlin , Haroutunian Levon
Published: October 2023

The adoption of pre-trained large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, across an increasingly diverse range of tasks and domains poses significant challenges for authorial attribution and other basic knowledge organization practices. This paper examines the theoretical and practical issues introduced by LLMs and describes how their use erodes the supposedly firm boundaries separating specific works and creators. Building upon the author-as-node framework proposed by Soos and Leazer (2020), we compare works created with and without the use of LLMs; ultimately, we argue that the issues associated with these novel tools are indicative of preexisting limitations within standard entity-relationship models. As the growing popularity of generative AI raises concerns about plagiarism, academic integrity, and intellectual property, we encourage a reevaluation of reductive work/creator associations and advocate for the adoption of a more expansive approach to authorship.
Exploring how longitudinal integrated clerkships at Stellenbosch University influence the career journeys of medical graduates
Authors: Coetzee F , Van Schalkwyk S , Couper I
Published: October 2023

Background. Longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) are increasingly being implemented across the globe for their educational benefits and the recruitment of rural medical practitioners. As new LICs are established, it is important to explore the extent to which these benefits manifest, and the influence of LICs on the career journeys of graduates. Stellenbosch University’s LIC has been running for 11 years, and to date the career outcomes of graduates have not been described.Objectives. To explore factors that influence the career journeys of graduates from Stellenbosch University’s LIC.Methods. An interpretivist, qualitative study was performed. Semi-structured interviews that were recorded and transcribed were conducted (8 graduates, ≥5 years after graduation). Inductive thematic analysis was done. Participants were asked to depict their career journeys. These pictures and an interview guide were used as prompts during the interviews.Results. Three themes were generated from the data: (i) feeling prepared for the career journey; (ii) acquiring a new motivation and career goals; and (iii) unexpected influences on career journeys. The availability of posts and transformative influences are important factors in the career journeys of LIC graduates. These graduates were enabled by their undergraduate training to explore non-traditional career options and preferred working in rural environments. Although individual priorities caused many participants to work in urban settings, they indicated a desire to return to rural environments.Conclusions. The LIC training at Stellenbosch University acts as a significant influence on the early career journeys of such graduates, which are possibly achieved in two ways. Firstly, LIC supports the development of professional identities among its graduates. Secondly, LIC supports transformative learning within a safe learning environment that leads to changes in perspectives regarding the graduates’ responsibility towards patients and communities.
Hétérogénéité, transgressions et hospitalité. Des frontières de l’étrange(r) chez Antonine Maillet
Authors: Crainic Corina
Published: October 2023

Cet article propose une analyse des déplacements forcés et de l’immigration ainsi que la tristesse et l’inquiétude des exilés dans l’univers littéraire d’Antonine Maillet. Les deux romans retenus semblent de prime abord avoir peu en commun, tant l’époque et le contexte décrits sont différents. Il s’agit de Pélagie-la-Charrette et Madame Perfecta, oeuvres phares de la littérature acadienne, rendant compte de destinées féminines toutes particulières. Dans la première, une femme hors norme mène son peuple dispersé à partir de 1755 vers l’Acadie originelle, quitte à traverser des frontières de manière illicite. Dans la deuxième, c’est d’une rencontre singulière qu’il s’agit, de femmes ayant élu domicile à Montréal, à l’époque contemporaine. Originaires respectivement du littoral acadien, au Nouveau-Brunswick, et de l’Espagne, celles-ci font également preuve d’un courage inouï même si leurs déplacements n’enfreignent aucune loi. Cela dit, les transgressions qu’elles opèrent rendent compte de réalités qui mobilisent, même de manière ambivalente, des sensibilités postmodernes. Il faut alors se référer au propos de Bertrand Westphal selon lequel « l’individu postmoderne ne peut se projeter dans un univers autre que celui du métissage absolu ». En effet, chaque personnage doit composer avec l’altérité lors de traversées de territoires et de frontières où les multiples aspects de la diversité interpellent, menacent ou attendrissent. C’est de la conscience de cette altérité, de l’Autre qu’on refuse, vers qui l’on va également et que l’on est par moments contraints de devenir, qu’il sera question, de manière à saisir quelques acceptions de la frontière en ce qu’elle peut circonscrire ou encore proposer comme alternative au familier ou à l’intime.
De Sillery à l’Acadie : la trajectoire de l’écrivaine acadienne Huguette Légaré. Poèmes de jeunesse et lettres de sa mère
Authors: Doyon-Gosselin Benoit , Blais Isabelle
Published: October 2023

Dans les années 1970 en Acadie, outre Antonine Maillet, une seule autre femme écrit et publie des oeuvres littéraires. Plus précisément, entre 1973 et 1985, Huguette Légaré fait paraître un roman et cinq recueils de poésie dans des maisons d’édition québécoises, françaises et acadiennes. Le dépouillement du fonds d’archives Huguette-Légaré (231) au Centre d’études acadiennes constitue le meilleur moyen pour décrire la trajectoire d’une jeune femme issue de la bourgeoisie de la ville de Québec qui, après plusieurs étés à travailler au camp Ectus de Petit-Rocher, décide de s’installer définitivement en Acadie et de s’en inspirer pour écrire un oeuvre peu connu de nos jours. Cette contribution souhaite répondre aux questions suivantes : Comment l’arbre généalogique et la scolarité ont-ils été déterminants dans la carrière littéraire d’Huguette Légaré ? En quoi la filiation maternelle agit positivement sur le destin de la fille ? Pour décrire cette trajectoire, il s’agira de « faire parler » le fonds d’archives de l’écrivaine. Les documents qu’on y trouve permettront tout d’abord de mettre en lumière la situation familiale de Légaré. Par la suite, nous nous intéressons à deux aspects précis du fonds. D’une part, les poèmes et les compositions écrits pendant ses études secondaires au Collège Jésus-Marie de Sillery serviront à montrer les dispositions de l’adolescente pour la littérature. D’autre part, les lettres de Lucette Lemieux envoyées à sa fille aînée dans les années 1970 attesteront des encouragements et de la bienveillance maternelle.
On the Brink of Paradox
Authors: Rayo Agustín
Published: October 2023

An introduction to awe-inspiring ideas at the brink of paradox: infinities of different sizes, time travel, probability and measure theory, and computability theory.

This book introduces the reader to awe-inspiring issues at the intersection of philosophy and mathematics. It explores ideas at the brink of paradox: infinities of different sizes, time travel, probability and measure theory, computability theory, the Grandfather Paradox, Newcomb's Problem, the Principle of Countable Additivity. The goal is to present some exceptionally beautiful ideas in enough detail to enable readers to understand the ideas themselves (rather than watered-down approximations), but without supplying so much detail that they abandon the effort. The philosophical content requires a mind attuned to subtlety; the most demanding of the mathematical ideas require familiarity with college-level mathematics or mathematical proof.

The book covers Cantor's revolutionary thinking about infinity, which leads to the result that some infinities are bigger than others; time travel and free will, decision theory, probability, and the Banach-Tarski Theorem, which states that it is possible to decompose a ball into a finite number of pieces and reassemble the pieces so as to get two balls that are each the same size as the original. Its investigation of computability theory leads to a proof of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, which yields the amazing result that arithmetic is so complex that no computer could be programmed to output every arithmetical truth and no falsehood. Each chapter is followed by an appendix with answers to exercises. A list of recommended reading points readers to more advanced discussions. The book is based on a popular course (and MOOC) taught by the author at MIT.
A comprehensive model of Drosophila epithelium reveals the role of embryo geometry and cell topology in mechanical responses
Authors: Cheikh Mohamad Ibrahim , Tchoufag Joel , Osterfield Miriam , Dean Kevin , Bhaduri Swayamdipta , Zhang Chuzhong , Mandadapu Kranthi Kiran , Doubrovinski Konstantin
Published: October 2023

In order to understand morphogenesis, it is necessary to know the material properties or forces shaping the living tissue. In spite of this need, very few in vivo measurements are currently available. Here, using the early Drosophila embryo as a model, we describe a novel cantilever-based technique which allows for the simultaneous quantification of applied force and tissue displacement in a living embryo. By analyzing data from a series of experiments in which embryonic epithelium is subjected to developmentally relevant perturbations, we conclude that the response to applied force is adiabatic and is dominated by elastic forces and geometric constraints, or system size effects. Crucially, computational modeling of the experimental data indicated that the apical surface of the epithelium must be softer than the basal surface, a result which we confirmed experimentally. Further, we used the combination of experimental data and comprehensive computational model to estimate the elastic modulus of the apical surface and set a lower bound on the elastic modulus of the basal surface. More generally, our investigations revealed important general features that we believe should be more widely addressed when quantitatively modeling tissue mechanics in any system. Specifically, different compartments of the same cell can have very different mechanical properties; when they do, they can contribute differently to different mechanical stimuli and cannot be merely averaged together. Additionally, tissue geometry can play a substantial role in mechanical response, and cannot be neglected.
Structural insights into the career path between pre- and postgraduate physician-scientist training programs
Authors: Williams Christopher S , Gallagher Emily J , Rockey Don C , Ajijola Olujimi A , Hu Patrick J , Kazmierczak Barbara I , Kontos Christopher D , Vyas Jatin M , Zaidi Mone , Rhee Kyu Y
Published: October 2023

The growing complexities of clinical medicine and biomedical research have clouded the career path for physician-scientists. In this perspective piece, we address one of the most opaque career stage transitions along the physician-scientist career path, the transition from medical school to research-focused internal medicine residency programs, or physician-scientist training programs (PSTPs). We present the perspectives of medical scientist training program (MSTP) and PSTP directors on critical features of PSTPs that can help trainees proactively align their clinical and scientific training for successful career development. We aim to provide both trainees and MSTP directors with a conceptual framework to better understand and navigate PSTPs. We also offer interview-specific questions to help trainees gather data and make informed decisions in choosing a residency program that best supports their career.
Auditory confounds can drive online effects of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation in humans
Authors: Kop Benjamin R , Shamli Oghli Yazan , Grippe Talyta C , Nandi Tulika , Lefkes Judith , Meijer Sjoerd W , Farboud Soha , Engels Marwan , Hamani Michelle , Null Melissa , Radetz Angela , Hassan Umair , Darmani Ghazaleh , Chetverikov Andrey , den Ouden Hanneke EM , Bergmann Til Ole , Chen Robert , Verhagen Lennart
Published: October 2023

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly emerging as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique. TUS is already well-established in animal models, providing foundations to now optimize neuromodulatory efficacy for human applications. Across multiple studies, one promising protocol, pulsed at 1000 Hz, has consistently resulted in motor cortical inhibition in humans (Fomenko et al., 2020). At the same time, a parallel research line has highlighted the potentially confounding influence of peripheral auditory stimulation arising from TUS pulsing at audible frequencies. In this study, we disentangle direct neuromodulatory and indirect auditory contributions to motor inhibitory effects of TUS. To this end, we include tightly matched control conditions across four experiments, one preregistered, conducted independently at three institutions. We employed a combined transcranial ultrasonic and magnetic stimulation paradigm, where TMS-elicited motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) served as an index of corticospinal excitability. First, we replicated motor inhibitory effects of TUS but showed through both tight controls and manipulation of stimulation intensity, duration, and auditory masking conditions that this inhibition was driven by peripheral auditory stimulation, not direct neuromodulation. Furthermore, we consider neuromodulation beyond driving overall excitation/inhibition and show preliminary evidence of how TUS might interact with ongoing neural dynamics instead. Primarily, this study highlights the substantial shortcomings in accounting for the auditory confound in prior TUS-TMS work where only a flip-over sham and no active control was used. The field must critically reevaluate previous findings given the demonstrated impact of peripheral confounds. Furthermore, rigorous experimental design via (in)active control conditions is required to make substantiated claims in future TUS studies. Only when direct effects are disentangled from those driven by peripheral confounds can TUS fully realize its potential for research and clinical applications.
Touch receptor end-organ innervation and function require sensory neuron expression of the transcription factor Meis2
Authors: Desiderio Simon , Schwaller Frederick , Tartour Kevin , Padmanabhan Kiran , Lewin Gary R , Carroll Patrick , Marmigere Frederic
Published: October 2023

Touch sensation is primarily encoded by mechanoreceptors, called low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs), with their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. Because of their great diversity in terms of molecular signature, terminal endings morphology, and electrophysiological properties, mirroring the complexity of tactile experience, LTMRs are a model of choice to study the molecular cues differentially controlling neuronal diversification. While the transcriptional codes that define different LTMR subtypes have been extensively studied, the molecular players that participate in their late maturation and in particular in the striking diversity of their end-organ morphological specialization are largely unknown. Here we identified the TALE homeodomain transcription factor Meis2 as a key regulator of LTMRs target-field innervation in mice. Meis2 is specifically expressed in cutaneous LTMRs, and its expression depends on target-derived signals. While LTMRs lacking Meis2 survived and are normally specified, their end-organ innervations, electrophysiological properties, and transcriptome are differentially and markedly affected, resulting in impaired sensory-evoked behavioral responses. These data establish Meis2 as a major transcriptional regulator controlling the orderly formation of sensory neurons innervating peripheral end organs required for light touch.
A novel image segmentation method based on spatial autocorrelation identifies A-type potassium channel clusters in the thalamus
Authors: Dávid Csaba , Giber Kristóf , Kerti-Szigeti Katalin , Köllő Mihály , Nusser Zoltan , Acsady Laszlo
Published: October 2023

Unsupervised segmentation in biological and non-biological images is only partially resolved. Segmentation either requires arbitrary thresholds or large teaching datasets. Here, we propose a spatial autocorrelation method based on Local Moran’s I coefficient to differentiate signal, background, and noise in any type of image. The method, originally described for geoinformatics, does not require a predefined intensity threshold or teaching algorithm for image segmentation and allows quantitative comparison of samples obtained in different conditions. It utilizes relative intensity as well as spatial information of neighboring elements to select spatially contiguous groups of pixels. We demonstrate that Moran’s method outperforms threshold-based method in both artificially generated as well as in natural images especially when background noise is substantial. This superior performance can be attributed to the exclusion of false positive pixels resulting from isolated, high intensity pixels in high noise conditions. To test the method’s power in real situation, we used high power confocal images of the somatosensory thalamus immunostained for Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 (A-type) voltage-gated potassium channels in mice. Moran’s method identified high-intensity Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 ion channel clusters in the thalamic neuropil. Spatial distribution of these clusters displayed strong correlation with large sensory axon terminals of subcortical origin. The unique association of the special presynaptic terminals and a postsynaptic voltage-gated ion channel cluster was confirmed with electron microscopy. These data demonstrate that Moran’s method is a rapid, simple image segmentation method optimal for variable and high noise conditions.
Pulsed ultrasound promotes secretion of anti-inflammatory extracellular vesicles from skeletal myotubes via elevation of intracellular calcium level
Authors: Yamaguchi Atomu , Maeshige Noriaki , Noguchi Hikari , Yan Jiawei , Ma Xiaoqi , Uemura Mikiko , Su Dongming , Kondo Hiroyo , Sarosiek Kristopher , Fujino Hidemi
Published: October 2023

The regulation of inflammatory responses is an important intervention in biological function and macrophages play an essential role during inflammation. Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and releases various factors which mediate anti-inflammatory/immune modulatory effects. Recently, the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a large variety of cells are reported. In particular, EVs released from skeletal muscle are attracting attention due to their therapeutic effects on dysfunctional organs and tissues. Also, ultrasound (US) promotes release of EVs from skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the output parameters and mechanisms of US-induced EV release enhancement and the potential of US-treated skeletal muscle-derived EVs in the regulation of inflammatory responses in macrophages. High-intensity US (3.0 W/cm2) irradiation increased EV secretion from C2C12 murine muscle cells via elevating intracellular Ca2+ level without negative effects. Moreover, US-induced EVs suppressed expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-206-3p and miR-378a-3p were especially abundant in skeletal myotube-derived EVs. In this study we demonstrated that high-intensity US promotes the release of anti-inflammatory EVs from skeletal myotubes and exert anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.
Pulsed ultrasound promotes secretion of anti-inflammatory extracellular vesicles from skeletal myotubes via elevation of intracellular calcium level
Authors: Yamaguchi Atomu , Maeshige Noriaki , Noguchi Hikari , Yan Jiawei , Ma Xiaoqi , Uemura Mikiko , Kondo Hiroyo , Sarosiek Kristopher , Fujino Hidemi
Published: October 2023

The regulation of inflammatory responses is an important intervention in biological function and macrophages play an essential role during inflammation. Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and releases various factors which mediate anti-inflammatory/immune modulatory effects. Recently, the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a large variety of cells are reported. In particular, EVs released from skeletal muscle are attracting attention due to their therapeutic effects on dysfunctional organs and tissues. Also, ultrasound (US) promotes release of EVs from skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the output parameters and mechanisms of US-induced EV release enhancement and the potential of US-treated skeletal muscle-derived EVs in the regulation of inflammatory responses in macrophages. High-intensity US (3.0 W/cm
2
) irradiation increased EV secretion via elevating intracellular Ca
2+
level without negative effects. Moreover, US-induced EVs suppressed expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-206-3p and miR-378a-3p were especially abundant in skeletal myotube-derived EVs. In this study we demonstrated that high-intensity US promotes the release of anti-inflammatory EVs from skeletal myotubes and exert anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.