bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLANATION OF MULTIPLE TRACKING TARGETS IN MTI RADAR AND ITS FILTERING WITH KALMAN MODEL AND IMM ALGORITHM
Authors: Godarzi Hajar
Published: January 2025

Since the tracking of moving targets is a fundamental concern in military and civilian applications, aerospace industries are always studying for exact, low-error, computationally light, and uncomplicated algorithms for target tracking. Nowadays, most modern military systems are equipped with numerous sensors. The perfect operation of such sensors helps to achieve target tracking. Due to the nature of the sensor system and the types of noises, one kind of sensor alone cannot be perfectly used in target tracking. Consequently, several different sensors are operated in new systems for tracking.
The present study aims to explain the multiple tracking targets in MTI radar and its filtering with the Kalman model and IMM algorithms. Also, applied algorithms for tracking moving targets using phased array radar are discussed. Various algorithms are proposed in this field, including interacting multiple models (IMM), Kalman filter (KF), and extended Kalman filter (EKF). These simple and multi-rate algorithms are reviewed in detail.
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Advancing Peace Education in Selected Barangays in Zamboanga del Sur: A Case Study
Authors: Bucayon – Simbajon Darlyn , Pingki-an Mary Jane
Published: January 2025

This case study explores the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing peace education in selected barangays of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. The study aims to provide insights into the specific challenges and strategies of NGOs promoting peace education at the local level. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with representatives from two NGOs actively engaged in peace education initiatives across multiple barangays. Thematic analysis revealed that although these organizations are dedicated to fostering peace, maintaining Indigenous culture, and engaging in community service, they face several obstacles: (1) Indigenous children's lack of interest and awareness, as well as Indigenous leaders' lack of peace education knowledge and skills; (2) schedule conflicts and limited funding (3) noncompliance with requirements, and (4) lack of support from partner organizations. To cope with these challenges, the selected NGOs involve Indigenous leaders in program planning and implementation, encourage community involvement and support, and customize programs to the specific needs and customs of the community. This highlights the significance of adaptability and inclusivity in promoting peace education and fostering sustainable change within the community they serve. The findings underscore the importance of adaptability and inclusivity in promoting peace education and achieving sustainable change within the communities served.
Level of Organizational Commitment of Employees of the Propaganda and Training Department in Phongsaly Province
Authors:   Propaganda and Training Department of Phongsaly Province Laos PDR, Singchao Phonexay
Published: January 2025

This study aims to assess the level of organizational commitment among employees of the Phongsaly Provincial Propaganda and Training Department. The target group includes all 66 employees, and a questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software. The results indicated that overall organizational commitment among employees was moderate, with a mean value of 3.02 (SD = 0.20). Several aspects were examined in more detail, revealing varying levels of commitment.

The highest levels of commitment were found in aspects such as equality within the organization (mean = 4.31, SD = 0.46) and justice within the organization (mean = 3.92, SD = 0.66). Employees also reported relatively high commitment to having the autonomy to plan their actions (mean = 3.87, SD = 0.88) and using their knowledge and abilities in their work (mean = 3.81, SD = 0.95). Other positive aspects included mutual respect (mean = 3.77, SD = 0.42) and achieving personal work goals (mean = 3.54, SD = 0.91).

However, several areas revealed lower levels of organizational commitment. These included passion for one's career (mean = 3.46, SD = 0.94), job suitability to professional knowledge (mean = 3.24, SD = 1.15), and solidarity and support within the organization (mean = 3.03, SD = 0.84). Moreover, aspects such as mutual encouragement, punctuality, opportunities for professional development, and satisfaction with office welfare policies all showed lower commitment levels, with mean values ranging from 2.00 to 2.93 and standard deviations between 0.74 and 0.95. These results suggest that while employees feel moderately committed to their organization, there are areas
Access to Agro-Meteorological Information Among Smallholder Farmers in Chongwe District: A Demographic and Socio-Economic Analysis
Authors: Alubi Tobias , Tembo Allan , Daka Alfred
Published: January 2025

Zambia’s agriculture is vital for economic growth but it is recently threatened by the effects of climate change and climate variability. One major problem faced by smallholder farmers is access to agro-meteorological information for farm decision-making and adapting to good agricultural practices. This paper presents the findings of a chi-square and logistic regression analysis exploring the demographic and socio-economic factors associated with the accessibility of agro-meteorological information among smallholder farmers in the Chongwe District of Lusaka province. Questionnaires were administered to 142 smallholder farmers between June and August of 2022. Chi-square Test revealed that there was no association between age (p=0.565), sex (p=0.696), and household size (p=0.063) in accessing agro-meteorological information. However, there is a significant association in accessing agro-meteorological information by smallholder farmers among marital status (p=0.001), household Income (p=0.001), education attainment (p=0.000), and Land size acquisition (p=0.000) at 5% level of significance. The significant associations that existed were further modeled employing odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals to quantify the influence using multi-stage logistic regression analysis. The results showed that education attainment (OR=12.13: CI=1.048-140.384) and land acquisition (OR=13.136: CI=0.564-314.401) influence access to agro-meteorological information for farm decision-making for smallholder farmers. However, marital status, household income, household size and land size did not influence access to climatic information. The results suggest valuable guidance for targeted interventions to enhance agricultural resilience for smallholder farmers in the Chongwe district. It underscores the importance of education in improving access to agro-meteorological information.
ARTIK DEĞER HESABINDA BORÇ ÖZGÜLENMESİ HAKKINDA YARGITAY UYGULAMASI VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Zeytin Zafer
Published: January 2025

Yargıtay’ın kredili mal ediniminde yasal mal rejimi dönemi ve sonrasına sarkan borç ödemelerinde, kalan borcun güncellenerek malın tasfiyedeki sürüm değerinden düşülmesi şeklindeki içtihadı somut olayın özelliklerine, özellikle maldaki değer artışının büyüklüğüne bağlı olarak borçlu eş lehine veya aleyhine olabilmektedir. Edinilmiş mala edinilmiş maldan yapılan katkı nedeniyle bir denkleştirme alacağı tanıyan Yargıtay borç güncelleme içtihadının getirdiği ve yukarıda tartışılan sorunlar, malın kişisel mal olarak nitelendirilebildiği hallerde çözülür görülmektedir. Mal rejimi sürerken yapılan ödemelerin, mal rejimi sona erdikten itibaren yapılacak ödemelerle kıyaslandığında daha az olduğu hallerde ikame ilkesi nedeniyle malı kişisel mal kabul ederek edinilmiş mal grubuna denkleştirme alacağı tanımak, böylece kişisel mala ait borcu da göz ardı etmek kanımızca hem kanunun lafzına hem de amacına uygun olacaktır. Bunun dışındaki hallerde ise kalan nominal borç sürüm değerinden az olacağı için kanunun lafzından ayrılmaya, borcu güncellemeye kanımızca gerek bulunmayacaktır.
Using Big Data from Internet to Improve Land Use Transition Effects on Eco-Environment
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Shijun , Feng Zhangxian , Yang Hongji , Zou Lin
Published: January 2025

The intricate relationship between land use and ecological changes is a critical area of eco-environmental research. However, there is a notable lack of quantitative, analytical studies that explore this relationship in depth. This study aims to bridge this gap by applying a contrastive learning approach to a practical land use application, utilizing big data. We analyzed 2,197 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning from 1998 to 2022. Our methodology correlates textual and visual data, enhancing the categorization and thematic analysis of existing literature. The contrastive learning technique uncovers nuanced relationships between textual descriptions and visual data, providing a comprehensive view of research trends. Key findings include an increasing volume of publications, indicating growing interest and potential in this field; predominant focus areas such as the relationship between climate change and land use, dynamic land use modelling, urbanization impacts, land use management, ecosystem services, and biodiversity. Emerging research hotspots identified through contrastive learning include the interactions between urban thermal environments and land use changes, land use effects on biological communities and soil organic matter, and the relationship between ecological conditions and land use in vulnerable regions. This study not only maps the current research landscape but also employs a contrastive learning approach to predict future research directions, thus enriching the methodological framework for analyzing land use applications with big data.
Re-defining the musical: adapting Cabaret for the screen
Authors: Bottero Anouk
Published: January 2025

Cabaret’s iconic position in the Pantheon of musical theatre tends to obliterate its tumultuous genesis. Amidst a crisis of the genre, which drove audiences outside of theatres and cinemas, the original 1966 stage production of Cabaret directed by Harold Prince redefined musical theatre as a whole. This article aims at showing that the film adaptation of a musical as uncanny and striking as Cabaret is central to the history and evolution of the genre itself. Bob Fosse’s 1972 film adaptation was a reinvention which asserted the director’s important role and redefined many structuring principles of the musical film. By doing so, this adaptation paved the way for multiple reinventions and revivals, which enhance a continuity and circularity of sorts between film and theatre.
Факторы, способствующие развитию послеоперационной фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов, перенесших коронарное шунтирование
Authors: Жаббаров О , Муллабаева Г , Шарипов И , Фозилов Х
Published: January 2025

Background. Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which significantly affects recovery and increases the risk of adverse outcomes. The factors contributing to POAF development remain an area of ongoing research, with many studies investigating clinical, anamnestic, and procedural predictors.
Materials and methods. This study evaluated 208 patients with coronary artery disease who were scheduled for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). The average age of participants was 56.6 ± 18.4 years, including 29 women and 179 men. Holter ECG monitoring was performed on all patients 5 days and 24 hours before surgery to assess preoperative cardiac rhythms.
Results. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurred in 41 patients (19.7%). Hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus (DM) were found to be significantly more prevalent in the POAF group compared to the non-POAF group (p<0.001). Additionally, clinical parameters, including Holter ECG monitoring, revealed that myocardial fibrosis plays a major role in the development of POAF, particularly in patients with these comorbid conditions.
Conclusion. The study indicates that postoperative atrial fibrillation occurs in 19% of OPCABG patients, with key risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus contributing significantly to its development. The findings underscore the importance of early detection and management of these factors to reduce the incidence of POAF.
MARIA, SA PUSO NINOMAN
Authors: Eliserio U Z.
Published: January 2025

No abstract.
KALAGAN
Authors: Alcarde Ryan Cezar
Published: January 2025

No abstract.
SA GITNA NG DAGAT
Authors: Inventor KC Daniel
Published: January 2025

No abstract.
Development Of An Earthquake Shake Table For The Excitation Analysis And Performance Evaluation Of Structural Models
Authors:   Ultra Construction Innovators, Balanon Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on the development of an earthquake shake table for data and performance monitoring of a pre-designed structural base isolation system that will pave way to the structure’s improvement of design through simulation of damping motion of the structural model in response to different earthquake magnitudes. The earthquake shake table gathers information on its test subjects by the use of attached structural seismometer sensors to calculate its damping motion and base shears, which are directly inputted to built-in monitoring software. The test subjects used for the experimentation process of the earthquake simulation table
are two high-rise structure models, which were demonstrated with towers constructed with different materials evaluated through Buckingham pi theorem to replicate the most accurate results of an actual structure’s excitation during an earthquake. The two test subjects differ in their structural foundation, one is structurally base-isolated and the other is conventionally base-attached. The integration to the study of the DPWH guidelines and implementing rules of earthquake recording instrumentation for buildings were the basis of the location of seismometers to the test models to ensure that standard earthquake recording methods are verified and accurately followed. The results of the working Titan Mk.III prototype features the excitation recordings of the test subjects via the system’s accelerometers attached to the two structural test subjects combined with the magnitude produced by the earthquake shake table. The result of the test differs in the performance of the two test subjects wherein the base isolated-structure performed an average of 38.18% decrease in structural excitation compared to the other. To further improve the accuracy of the structural readings of the prototype, a 3D-rendered monitoring program is proposed to be integrated to Titans’ data recording software to produce more aesthetically and user friendly results. In conclusion, the raw data and results produced by the third generation prototype of the earthquake shake table provides the comparative analysis of the two structures wherein it produces the actual excitation basis of the structural models that underwent certain ground motion simulations through the Titan earthquake shake table.
String Efficiency Analysis of 132-kV High Suspension Insulators Using 2D Finite Element Method Magnetics
Authors:   College of Engineering and Technology, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Roy Federico A , Kian Yik Wei ,   Primera Electrical and Control Singapore, Carrascal Alexander  S ,   Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Published: January 2025

Suspension insulator is needed to prevent leakage current flow to earth through the support tower in high voltage transmission. However, the potential distribution and electric field across each insulator in a string is non-uniform, which causes flash over and excessive heat that shortens the lifespan of the insulators and lowers string efficiency. The potential difference at the bottom unit is inversely proportional to string efficiency. A higher string efficiency, which can be attained using capacitance grading, assures a longer lifespan of the insulator. The purpose of this paper is to study the voltage distribution and string efficiency of a 12-disc glass suspension insulator (model LXWP4-70) at 132 kV using 2D Finite Element Method Magnetics (2D FEMM) software with and without capacitance grading method. The 2D FEMM was used to determine the potential distribution as well as the static capacitance of each string insulator and to calculate the string efficiency. One of the string insulator disc dimensions was measured at the High Voltage Lab of the University Malaya. The results showed that the string efficiency has improved from 64% to 76% due to capacitance grading.
THE USES OF ADVERB
Authors: Dela Peña, Jr. Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

No abstract.
Literacy Activities towards Library Accreditation at MIN Kota Bima
Authors: Irfan
Published: January 2025

The rapidly evolving educational landscape demands proactive library engagement as a hub for literacy and information. Libraries must drive sustainable literacy initiatives, aligning with National Library Standards emphasizing learning resources, information literacy, research, and creative activities. To achieve accreditation, MIN Kota Bima must enhance its library quality. Literacy programs become an effective strategy to augment students' and teachers' information access and literacy culture. This qualitative descriptive study employs a case study approach, leveraging observation, interviews, and documentation to capture the phenomenon. Implemented literacy initiatives include: (1) Shared Reading, (2) Reading Corners, (3) Daily Literacy, (4) Madrasah Literacy Festivals, (5) Regular Library Visits, (6) Literacy Development, (7) Digital Literacy Enhancement, (8) National Literacy Advancement, and (9) Classroom Wall Magazines. Structured literacy programs at MIN Kota Bima not only support library accreditation standards but also foster students' reading interest and overall educational quality. Student participation in literacy activities promotes active learning engagement, positively impacting academic outcomes.
Factors influencing health-seeking behaviours of asylum seekers, refugees, and undocumented immigrants
Authors: Ahmadinia Hamed , Eriksson-Backa Kristina
Published: January 2025

This review investigates the impact of personal and contextual factors on health-seeking behaviours in terms of health-related information and healthcare service needs and utilization among asylum seekers, refugees, and undocumented immigrants using an adapted framework based on an extended Longo health information model. The 73 peer-reviewed records included in this systematic review were obtained from WoS, Ebsco, and Scopus. This review shows that culture, religion, policy, and systematic inequalities may play three different roles for our studied population, including facilitators, barriers, and health-related information sources. The findings indicated that providing universal health-related information and healthcare services may not meet all of the healthcare needs of our study population. As a result, healthcare providers must take a cross-cultural approach when designing, developing, and delivering specific health promotion programmes, treating patients with respect and attention, and providing health-related information and healthcare services based on ethnic, cultural, religious, and migration statuses.
Vortex key decoding based on logarithmic coordinate transformation
Authors: LI Lang , ZHOU Shiyun , GAO Chunqing , FU Shiyao ,   School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China,   Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China,   Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, China,   National Key Laboratory on Near-surface Detection, Beijing, 100072, China
Published: January 2025

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), as a novel high-dimensional degree of freedom, shows great potential applications in optical communication in improving system channel capacity and solving the problem of scarce communication resources. However, the effective recognition and detection of OAM modes are the core challenges for achieving efficient communication in such systems. In this work, an OAM decoding system consisting of a designed coordinate transformation device, a phase corrector, and a Fourier transform lens is presented based on log-polar coordinate transformation. The coordinate transformation device fabricated by liquid crystal polymer is utilized to map the incident vortex beam from polar coordinates into Cartesian coordinates, followed by the phase corrector to compensate for phase distortions into a collimated beam. Finally, the Fourier transform lens is used to separate the OAM modes at different space positions in its rear focal plane. The performance of the system is numerically evaluated in several ablation studies, and the influence of various grating parameters on beam separation efficiency is analyzed. Experimentally, the system successfully achieves the decoding of OAM modes ranging from -35 to +31 orders. Furthermore, a free-space optical communication demonstration system is constructed based on this OAM decoding system. By introducing specifically designed decoding rules, the system effectively mitigates the adjacent mode crosstalk inherent in logarithmic polar coordinate transformation and successfully transmitted 748934 symbols without errors. These favorable results highlight the capabilities of the proposed OAM-based optical communication system and provide valuable insights for developing future high-capacity optical communication networks.
Strip cropping designed for maintaining productivity increases ground beetle biodiversity
Authors: Croijmans Luuk , Cuperus Fogelina , van Apeldoorn Dirk F , Bianchi Felix JJA , Rossing Walter AH , Poelman Erik H
Published: January 2025

Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, with agriculture as a major driver. There is mounting evidence that intercropping can increase insect biodiversity while maintaining or increasing yield. Yet, intercropping is often considered impractical for mechanized farming systems. Strip cropping is pioneered by Dutch farmers as it is compatible with standard farm machinery. Here, we use ground beetle data from four experimental locations across four years of measurements because these are good agrobiodiversity indicators and hold keystone positions in agroecosystem foodwebs. We show that strip cropping systems that are designed for retaining productivity can also enhance ground beetle biodiversity, without incurring major yield loss. Strip cropped fields had on average 15% more ground beetle species and 30% more individuals than monocultural fields. The increase in field-level beetle species richness in organic agriculture through strip cropping approached increases found for other readily deployed biodiversity conservation methods, like shifting from conventional to organic agriculture (+19% - +23%). This makes strip cropping a useful tool for bending the curve of biodiversity loss without compromising food production.
Induction of Hepatitis B Core Protein Aggregation Targeting an Unconventional Binding Site
Authors: Khayenko Vladimir , Makbul Cihan , Schulte Clemens , Hemmelmann Naomi , Kachler Sonja , Böttcher Bettina , Maric Hans M
Published: January 2025

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem, with chronic infection leading to liver complications and high death toll. Current treatments, such as nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferon-α, effectively suppress viral replication but rarely cure the infection. To address this, new antivirals targeting different components of the HBV molecular machinery are being developed. Here we investigated the hepatitis B core protein (HBc) that forms the viral capsids and plays a vital role in the HBV life cycle. We explored two distinct binding pockets on the HBV capsid: the central hydrophobic pocket of HBc-dimers and the pocket at the tips of capsid spikes. We synthesized a geranyl dimer that binds to the central pocket with micromolar affinity, and dimeric peptides that bind the spike-tip pocket with sub-micromolar affinity. Cryo-electron microscopy further confirmed the binding of peptide dimers to the capsid spike tips and their capsid-aggregating properties. Finally, we show that the peptide dimers induce HBc aggregation in vitro and in living cells. Our findings highlight two tractable sites within the HBV capsid and provide an alternative strategy to affect HBV capsids.
Climatic Determinants of Shrimp Yields in Tamil Nadu, India: A Transfer Function Analysis
Authors: Radhakrishnan Kalidoss , Prakash S. , Ananthan P.S. , Sharma Arpita , Sam Anu Susan , Shil Sandip , Waghmare Shyam Datta
Published: January 2025

Shrimp aquaculture in Tamil Nadu plays a critical role in supporting livelihoods and contributing to exports but is increasingly vulnerable to climatic variability. This study investigates how seasonal precipitation, extreme temperatures, and lagged production impact shrimp yields in four key districts—Tiruvallur, Cuddalore, Thanjavur, and Nagapattinam—over the period 2015–2023. Using statistical models, we identify major trends and district-specific sensitivities. For instance, excessive summer and winter precipitation coupled with high maximum temperatures reduced yields in Tiruvallur, whereas warmer summer nights boosted production. In Cuddalore, yields were hampered by seasonal precipitation, elevated minimum temperatures, and the lingering effects of previous yields. Thanjavur’s production suffered from extreme temperatures and winter rainfall but benefited from milder winter nights. Nagapattinam showed unique dynamics, where winter precipitation and summer maximum temperatures enhanced yields, while summer rainfall and lagged production had adverse effects. These findings highlight the need for tailored, district-specific strategies to manage climate risks and sustain shrimp farming. For example, adaptive measures such as optimizing water management or selecting climate-resilient shrimp varieties could mitigate negative impacts. Future research could integrate factors like water quality and disease outbreaks to strengthen the sector’s resilience further.
Language and Literacy Learning Experiences of Deaf Students in Multilingual Primary Teacher Education Classrooms in Zambia: A Case Study of Kitwe College of Education
Authors: Gerald Chishiba , Joseph Mukuka
Published: January 2025

This study explored the language learning experiences and challenges faced by deaf students in multilingual classrooms at Kitwe College of Education, specifically within the Primary Teachers Diploma program. It examines how the language barriers in a curriculum designed primarily for hearing students impact deaf learners' literacy development. Using a case study approach, data were collected from focus group discussions, classroom observations, and document review, focusing on first, second, and third-year students. Stratified purposive sampling was employed to select 15 students from across the academic levels. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in language and literacy learning. The study highlights significant challenges related to auditory-based instruction, such as phonics and phonemic awareness, which are inaccessible to deaf students. The lack of consistent sign language interpreters and difficulties understanding English-based literacy instruction were recurring issues. Deaf students also struggled with reading fluency, grammar, and syntax. Peer teaching proved valuable, but adapting the Primary Literacy Program (PLP) for deaf students was challenging. Despite communication barriers, Zambian Sign Language (ZSL) and visual aids were helpful. The study calls for an inclusive educational environment by integrating ZSL into the curriculum, revising literacy strategies, and developing more inclusive assessment methods. Educational policy should be revised to better address the linguistic needs of deaf students, ensuring equitable access to learning opportunities.
Comparative Study on Growth, Yield and Economics of Potato Production Propagated through Apical Rooted Cuttings
Authors: Biradar Annasahebagouda A , Shashidhar T R , Manjunatha G O , B H Prasannakumar
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the comparative growth, yield and economic performance of potato production propagated through apical rooted cuttings (ARCs) in the Northern Transitional Zone of Karnataka. Eight genotypes, including Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Lima and Kufri Sangam, were analyzed for key growth parameters such as plant height, number of primary shoots, number of compound leaves, stem diameter and tuber yield. Results showed that tuber propagation consistently outperformed ARCs, with Kufri Jyoti (tuber) recording the highest plant height (46.82 cm), number of tubers per plant (6.80) and total yield per hectare (16.45 t/ha). Among ARC-propagated genotypes, Kufri Lima performed best, with a yield of 9.56 t/ha. Economic analysis revealed that Kufri Jyoti (tuber) also achieved the highest net returns (₹256,146.72/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.65). While ARCs offer cost savings on seed material, they showed limitations in overall yield and profitability, particularly in genotypes like Kufri Karan. These findings provide crucial insights into optimizing potato production practices.
Somatic Hybrids and Cybrids: Innovations in Vegetable Improvement
Authors: Prajwalitha Kanala , Bahadur Vijay , Mishra Saket
Published: January 2025

Somatic hybridization through protoplast fusion is indeed a promising method for producing asymmetrical and unbalanced polyploid somatic hybrids in various plant species. This technique involves merging protoplasts from different plant species to create hybrids that possess desirable traits for both scion and rootstock improvements. By circumventing the limitations of sexual hybridization, such as male/female sterility and sexual incompatibility, somatic hybridization enables the incorporation of beneficial genes from closely related or even distantly related species. The success of somatic hybridization in horticulture is evident in various crops such as citrus, potato, brinjal (eggplant), tomato, mango, avocado, banana, strawberry, pear, and cherry. It facilitates the transfer of numerous uncloned genes that confer resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby enhancing crop resilience and productivity. Unlike transgenic technology, which is often subject to regulatory constraints, somatic hybridization allows for the exchange of genetic material without the same legal formalities. Despite its potential benefits, somatic hybridization faces challenges and constraints compared to sexual hybridization. These include technical difficulties in protoplast isolation and fusion, as well as limitations in generating fertile hybrids and maintaining genome stability. However, advancements in genomic technologies provide optimism for overcoming these challenges. Improved understanding of plant genomes enables more precise manipulation and selection of desired traits through somatic hybridization. In conclusion, somatic hybridization is a crucial tool in modern plant breeding and crop improvement efforts. It expands the gene pool available for breeding programs by incorporating genetic variability from diverse sources, thus offering new opportunities to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. As research and technology continue to advance, somatic hybridization holds promise for addressing current and future challenges in global agriculture.
Integrated Pest and Disease Management Module in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: R Sheeba Jasmine , C Raja Babu
Published: January 2025

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is not only an important oilseed crop of India but also an important agricultural export commodity and the second largest producer of groundnut in the world. The groundnut cultivation is often subjected to significant yield losses annually due to biotic and abiotic stresses which are the major limiting factors for attaining high productivity. In recent years, groundnut insect pest and disease management through integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) solutions has gained prominence due to the vulnerable effects of pesticides. A front line demonstration study (2020) was conducted at Trichy district during Kharif season involving IPDM module revealed that thrips and Spodoptera litura damage as well as tikka leaf spot was lesser in IPDM module than Farmers Practice (FP) and increased yield by 19 % when compared to FP. From the study it can be concluded that Groundnut under IPDM practices have higher yield than farmer’s practice.
Nanomaterials‐Based Nanochannel Membrane for Osmotic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Li Shangzhen , Wang Jin , Lv Yongtao , Cui Zheng , Wang Lei
Published: October 2023

Harvesting clean and renewable osmotic energy through reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology offers a promising solution to address energy crisis problems. The development of nanochannel membranes constructed from diverse nanomaterials plays a crucial role in enabling efficient osmotic energy conversion. In this review, first an overview of the mechanism of the RED process is provided and the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, covering 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials, and the osmotic conversion performances of the constructed nanochannel membranes. Then, the relationship between chemical properties and structural features of nanochannel membranes is specifically highlighted, including surface charge property and geometric structure, and osmotic energy conversion efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of external stimuli, such as light, temperature, pH, external pressure, and changes in electrolyte environments, are also discussed. Finally, the research directions and future challenges in the field of osmotic energy harvesting using nanochannel membranes based on nanomaterials are presented. The focus is on refining the osmotic conversion mechanism, as well as optimizing the structure design.
Distributed manufacturing for electrified chemical processes in a microgrid
Authors: Ramanujam Asha , Constante‐Flores Gonzalo E. , Li Can
Published: October 2023

To alleviate the greenhouse gas emissions by the chemical industry, electrification has been proposed as a solution where electricity from renewable sources is used to power processes. The adoption of renewable energy is complicated by its spatial and temporal variations. To address this challenge, we investigate the potential of distributed manufacturing for electrified chemical processes installed in a microgrid. We propose a multiscale mixed‐integer linear programming model for locating modular electrified plants, renewable‐based generating units, and power lines in a microgrid that includes monthly transportation and hourly scheduling decisions. We propose a K‐means clustering‐based aggregation disaggregation matheuristic to solve the model efficiently. The model and algorithm are tested using a case study with 20 candidate locations in Western Texas. Additionally, we define a new concept, “the Value of the Multi‐scale Model,” to demonstrate the additional economic benefits of our model compared with a single‐scale model.
Molecular Engineering of a Metal‐Organic Polymer for Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion and Zinc Nitrate Batteries
Authors: Zhang Rong , Hong Hu , Liu Xinghui , Zhang Shaoce , Li Chuan , Cui Huilin , Wang Yanbo , Liu Jiahua , Hou Yue , Li Pei , Huang Zhaodong , Guo Ying , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2023

Metal–organic framework‐based materials are promising single‐site catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3−) reduction to value‐added ammonia (NH3) on account of well‐defined structures and functional tunability but still lack a molecular‐level understanding for designing the high‐efficient catalysts. Here, we proposed a molecular engineering strategy to enhance electrochemical NO3−‐to‐NH3 conversion by introducing the carbonyl groups into 1,2,4,5‐tetraaminobenzene (BTA) based metal‐organic polymer to precisely modulate the electronic state of metal centers. Due to the electron‐withdrawing properties of the carbonyl group, metal centers can be converted to an electron‐deficient state, fascinating the NO3− adsorption and promoting continuous hydrogenation reactions to produce NH3. Compared to CuBTA with a low NO3−‐to‐NH3 conversion efficiency of 85.1 %, quinone group functionalization endows the resulting copper tetraminobenzoquinone (CuTABQ) distinguished performance with a much higher NH3 FE of 97.7 %. This molecular engineering strategy is also universal, as verified by the improved NO3−‐to‐NH3 conversion performance on different metal centers, including Co and Ni. Furthermore, the assembled rechargeable Zn−NO3− battery based on CuTABQ cathode can deliver a high power density of 12.3 mW cm−2. This work provides advanced insights into the rational design of metal complex catalysts through the molecular‐level regulation for NO3− electroreduction to value‐added NH3.
Sustained Hydrogen Spillover on Pt/Cu(111) Single‐Atom Alloy: Dynamic Insights into Gas‐Induced Chemical Processes
Authors: Gu Kaixuan , Lin Sen
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen spillover, involving the surface migration of dissociated hydrogen atoms from active metal sites to the relatively inert catalyst support, plays a crucial role in hydrogen‐involved catalytic processes. However, a comprehensive understanding of how H atoms are driven to spill over from active sites onto the catalyst support is still lacking. Here, we examine the atomic‐scale perspective of the H spillover process on a Pt/Cu(111) single atom alloy surface using machine‐learning accelerated molecular dynamics calculations based on density functional theory. Our results show that when an impinging H2 dissociates at an active Pt site, the Pt atom undergoes deactivation due to the dissociated hydrogen atoms that attach to it. Interestingly, collisions between H2 and sticking H atoms facilitate H spillover onto the host Cu, leading to the reactivation of the Pt atom and the realization of a continuous H spillover process. This work underscores the importance of the interaction between gas molecules and adsorbates as a driving force in elucidating chemical processes under a gaseous atmosphere, which has so far been underappreciated in thermodynamic studies.
Ligninumwandlung durch Funktionalisierung und Netzwerkbildung
Authors: Chandna Sanjam , Olivares M. Carmen A. , Baranovskii Egor , Engelmann Gunnar , Böker Alexander , Tzschucke C. Christoph , Haag Rainer
Published: October 2023

Lignin, ein komplexes und häufig vorkommendes Biopolymer, das aus pflanzlichen Zellwänden gewonnen wird, hat sich als vielversprechender Rohstoff für eine nachhaltige Materialentwicklung herausgestellt. Aufgrund des hohen Anteils an Phenylpropanoideinheiten, aromatischen Ringen und Hydroxylgruppen ist Lignin ein idealer Kandidat für die Erforschung verschiedener Materialanwendungen. Daher ist die Nachfrage nach der Ligninverwertung zur Entwicklung höherwertiger Produkte deutlich angestiegen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Ligninumwandlung, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Funktionalisierung durch chemische und enzymatische Verfahren und deren Anwendung in Polymerharzen, Hydrogelen und Nanomaterialien auf Ligninbasis liegt. Die Funktionalisierung von Ligninmolekülen mit verschiedenen chemischen Gruppen bietet maßgeschneiderte Eigenschaften und eine erhöhte Kompatibilität mit anderen Materialien und erweitert so seine potentiellen Anwendungen. Darüber hinaus führt die Bildung von Netzwerken auf Ligninbasis, entweder durch Vernetzung oder Mischung mit Polymeren, zu neuartigen Materialien mit verbesserten mechanischen, thermischen und Barriereeigenschaften. Es bestehen jedoch weiterhin Herausforderungen in der Optimierung der Funktionalisierungstechniken, dem Erhalt der inhärenten Komplexität von Lignin und der Skalierbarkeit für die industrielle Umsetzung. Das Potential von Lignin ist groß und noch lange nicht ausgeschöpft und man erhofft sich, dass Lignin den Wandel zu umweltfreundlicheren und ressourceneffizienteren Industrien einläuten kann.
Accessing Ta/Cu Architectures via Metal‐Metal Salt Metatheses: Heterobimetallic C−H Bond Activation Affords μ‐Hydrides
Authors: Maiola Michela L. , Buss Joshua A.
Published: October 2023

We employ a metal‐metal salt metathesis strategy to access low‐valent tantalum‐copper heterometallic architectures (Ta−μ2‐H2−Cu and Ta−μ3‐H2−Cu3) that emulate structural elements proposed for surface alloyed nanomaterials. Whereas cluster assembly with carbonylmetalates is well precedented, the use of the corresponding polyarene transition metal anions is underexplored, despite recognition of these highly reactive fragments as storable sources of atomic Mn−. Our application of this strategy provides structurally unique early‐late bimetallic species. These complexes incorporate bridging hydride ligands during their syntheses, the origin of which is elucidated via detailed isotopic labelling studies. Modification of ancillary ligand sterics and electronics alters the mechanism of bimetallic assembly; a trinuclear complex resulting from dinuclear C−H activation is demonstrated as an intermediate en route to formation of the bimetallic. Further validating the promise of this rational, bottom‐up approach, a unique tetranuclear species was synthesized, featuring a Ta centre bearing three Ta−Cu interactions.
Treatment outcomes for children with chronic food refusal in a community behavioral health center
Authors: Roberts Rinita L. , Sakyi Georgina J. , Hickey Scott , Grebe Stacey C.
Published: October 2023

Abnormal patterns of feeding behavior are seen in children with and without developmental disabilities; if not treated early, these patterns may lead to a diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). A multitude of treatments for ARFID varying in theoretical orientation, intensity, and modality exist in the literature. Given the potential for complexity in the clinical presentation of ARFID, intensive interdisciplinary treatment programs are often the preferred intervention choice. However, due to the limited availability of these highly controlled settings, underserved populations are often limited to any outpatient feeding therapy that is available locally. This study focused on examining the outcomes of a behavioral outpatient feeding program in a community behavioral health center. Results show that there were statistically significant treatment outcomes when comparing observable feeding behaviors and caregiver satisfaction measures from admission to discharge. Moreover, these gains were maintained at follow‐up supporting the treatment efficacy of such programs.
Synthesis of the A−F Fragment of the Pacific Ciguatoxin CTX3C by Iterative Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Tsuji–Trost Allylation
Authors: Triantafyllakis Myron , Alexander Sam , Woolford Sophie , Wilson Claire , Clark J. Stephen
Published: October 2023

The fully functionalized A−F fragment of the Pacific ciguatoxin CTX3C has been synthesized from a derivative of D‐glucal, which serves as the B‐ring. Rings A and C were introduced to either side of ring B by ring‐closing diene and enyne metathesis (RCM). The seven‐membered D‐ring and eight‐membered E‐ring were assembled by iterative use of a six‐step reaction sequence in which RCM was used for ring construction and Tsuji–Trost allylation was employed for subsequent stereoselective functionalization. The nine‐membered F‐ring was formed by use of an RCM reaction and bears the functionality required for attachment of the I−M fragment and subsequent closure of rings G and H.
Sexual Health Assessment in Women with Lung Cancer study: Sexual health assessment in women with lung cancer
Authors: Florez Narjust , Kiel Lauren , Meza Kelly , Wei Zihan , Mazzola Emanuele , Velazquez Ana I. , Franco Idalid , Fidler Mary Jo , Elkins Ivy , Feldman Jill , Seaborne Lori , Heisler Christine , King Jennifer C. , Moore Amy , Wiens Jacinta , Kushner David
Published: October 2023

Background

Sexual health is understudied and underreported in patients with lung cancer, and most data precede the approval of widely used targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The authors sought to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with lung cancer in our current clinical environment.

Methods

This cross‐sectional survey study was administered online to 249 women via the GO2 for Lung Cancer (GO2) Registry, using the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures questionnaire. Participants were recruited between June 2020 to June 2021. Eligibility criteria included age >18 years, self‐identifying as a woman, fluency in English, and a lung cancer diagnosis within 10 years.

Results

Most (67%) had stage IV lung cancer and 47% were receiving targeted therapy; 66% were undergoing active treatment. Despite 54% of participants reporting “recent” sexual activity, most (77%) indicated having little to no interest in sexual activity and 48% reported recent minimal satisfaction with their sex life. The most common reasons negatively affecting participants' satisfaction with their sex life included fatigue (40%) and feeling sad/unhappy (28%). Common reasons for lack of recent sexual activity included lack of interest (68%) and vaginal dryness or pain (30%). Compared to pre‐diagnosis, women were significantly less likely to have recent interest in sexual activity. In multivariable logistic‐regression, vaginal dryness showed a significant negative association with recent interest in sexual activity.

Conclusions

Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in women with lung cancer. Sexual health should be integrated into routine care for patients with lung cancer.
Biological risk based on preoperative serum CA19‐9 and histological grade predicts prognosis and improves accuracy of classification in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chang Shaofei , Liu Yaohua , Liang Yuexiang , Man Quan , Li Haorui , Guo Yu , Zhao Tiansuo
Published: October 2023

Background

Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 and histological grade can serve as indicators of the biological characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined impact of preoperative CA19‐9 levels and histological grade on prognosis and classification accuracy in PDAC patients.

Methods and results

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 612 patients with PDAC who underwent curative pancreatectomy, and a biological risk model based on preoperative CA19‐9 levels and histology grade was established. The prognostic importance of the biological risk model was evaluated, and its validity was confirmed through a validation cohort of 218 patients. The survival of patients with PDAC was independently associated with preoperative CA19‐9 levels and histology grade, indicating a biological risk. This biological risk was incorporated into the eighth edition of the TNM staging system, leading to the development of a modified TNM (mTNM) staging system. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that the mTNM staging system had a significantly larger area under the curve (AUC) than the TNM staging system. The discriminatory capacity of the mTNM staging system was further validated in an independent cohort.

Conclusion

Biological risk based on preoperative CA19‐9 and histological grade could predict the survival of patients with PDAC. The incorporation of biological risk into the TNM staging system has the potential to enhance the accuracy of patient classification in PDAC, predicting patient survival and enabling the development of individualized treatment plans.
DEA outlines new requirements for prescribers of all controlled substances
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2023

This year the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) provided clear information to prescribers of controlled substances on the new training requirements in order for them to get their license.