bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 and Titania TiO2 for Color Homogeneity and Luminous Flux Enhancement in PC-LEDs
Authors: Pham Viet Tien , Phan Ngoc Hung , Luo Guo-Feng , Lee Hsiao-Yi , Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh
Published: July 2021

This article studies the development method of pc-LED, a phosphor-converted lighting emitting diode, with scattering enhancement particles (SEPs) at 7000 K correlated color temperature. The pc-LED is an advanced lighting solution that has been applied in many different categories; nonetheless, to keep up with the demands of modern lighting, the pc-LEDs need to enhance the color homogeneity and luminous flux. The detailed experiments on the two SEPs used in the articles are also presented. The experiments include combining each of these SEPs with a yellow phosphor Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ to test their properties and influences on the lighting of pc-LEDs. The scattering coefficients, the anisotropic scattering, the reduced scattering, and the scattering amplitudes at 450 nm and 550 nm are the subjects of SEPs study. The LightTools program is used to create the simulation of pc-LED, the results of the optical simulation will then be verified with the Mie-scattering theory. The findings of the research conclude that TiO2 particles are the best for the growth of color homogeneity while CaCO3 particles are effective in limiting the color deviation in correlated color temperature. Even though the SEPs benefit the lighting performance, their concentration must be managed to be under an acceptable amount to ensure desired results and avoid unwanted damages.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Decision Support System for Determining Textile Industry Waste Water Treatment Institution in Web Based Citarum River
Authors: Febriyanti Siska , Rumanti Augustina Asih , Supratman Nurdinintya Athari
Published: July 2021

The Citarum River is the longest river in West Java. The river participates in the development of the Indonesian economy by 20% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). In 2018, the citarum river ecosystem structuring survey team found 31 factories in the Bandung Regency region that dumped the waste produced directly into the Citarum River, one of which was the textile industry. In the production process the textile industry uses textile dyes containing azo dyes. The compound has the potential to produce aminobenzen or aniline which causes pollution. The lack of a communal Waste Water Treatment Plant (IPAL) and improper location is a factor that causes the industry to dispose of production waste water directly into the Citarum River. This study aims to support government activities in improving the Citarum River by designing a Decision Support System (DSS) using a website-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the right location to build a communal WWTP. .
Usulan Peningkatan Efisiensi Keseimbangan Lini Dengan Value Stream Mapping Dan Yamazumi Chart Pada PT.PAI
Authors: Sriwana Iphov K. , Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: July 2021

PT. PAI is a footware company that produces sports shoes. The production process at PT. PAI, has a waste of 15.891%. To overcome the problems that occur, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and proposing waste elimination. The method used is a lean manufacturing approach. One of the tools used is Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and Yamazumi Chart. The first stage to solve the problem is the identification of waste using the Waste Relationship Matrix (WRM), Waste Assessment Questionnaire (WAQ) and VALSAT. The second stage is carried out by designing the current Value Stream Mapping (VSM), designing the proposed improvements using the Yamazumi Chart to balance the production line and designing the Future VSM based on the results of the proposals that have been given. The result of identification using these tools is known that the biggest waste is waste in the process with a percentage of 15.891% followed by overproduction of 15.774%. Based on the calculation using VSM and Yamazumi Chart, elimination of waste can be done as much as 5.48%, reducing the number of workers by 32 people and reducing the number of work stations by 16 work stations
Optimasi Pengiriman Sapi Potong pada Jaringan Pelayaran Kapal Khusus Ternak dengan Algoritma Genetika
Authors: Natalia Christine , Setiadi Ghea Ghoniyyah , Silalahi Agustinus
Published: July 2021

The government livestock carrier cruise program is a dedicated program to improve the supply chain management of livestock and the ultimate goal is selfsufficiency of beef in 2026. This carrier has one fleet with the capacity of 500 cows and sails through 8 ports regularly. The island of Nusa Tenggara are the local producers for the livestock carrier cruise which is an area of provincial surplus of beef. For the future the government plans to add more ships to the armada from the current one fleet to six fleets of livestock carrier cruises. The current livestock carrier cruise program has not been optimal in shipping cows to the consumer area. This is caused by the limitation of number of fleet and theexisting route that the livestock carrier has to sail through has created some obstacle to maximizing the number of cows to be distributed. This research aims to optimise this carrier cruising route with criteria including having high supplied beef percentage rate and having the most minimum cost. This optimisation problem solved by genetics algorithm methid and develop twodifferent scenarios that suggest alternatives for an optimal route. To make things easier, a computerized program with genetics algorithm method for a livestock carrier cruise optimization network are designed. The outcome of this research is a proposed optimised route on scenario 1 with total cost of Rp 443,306,533.26, and total load of 1,374 cows. As for the future to add five ships, the conditions are met by using the results of the second scenario with total cost of Rp 1,321,505,850.62, total load of 3416 cows and the route network for six ships
Analisis Postur Kerja Operator Mesin Bubut di PT. X
Authors: Rohmana Rohmana , Setiani Alisha
Published: July 2021

PT. X is one of the aerospace companies in Asia that has core competencies in the design and development of airplanes. The manufacture of aircraft certainly requires aircraft aids made by Machining tools. In this section there are many machine operators, of course, require interaction between humans and machines. However, there are some operators that still use conventional lathes. The research is analyzing the work posture of conventional lathe operators using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method. The initial observation was to disseminate the Nordic Body Map questionnaire to 2 lathe operators with the same task, to find out complaints that occurred during or finished working. The results of calculations using the Ergo Fellow software and manual calculations produce the same score. Assessment of work posture on the lathe operator PT. Indonesian Aerospace obtained a RULA score of 6, Action Level 3, indicating that it has a moderate level of risk and action is needed in the near future.
Usulan Perbaikan Tata Letak dengan Menggunakan Metode Fraktal (Studi Kasus di Perusahaan Mebel X)
Authors: Anggraini Fia , Sunarni Theresia
Published: July 2021

Production is the main thing in a manufacturing industry. Production activity would work well if the flow pattern of the material in the production floor smoothly. Better transfer of material will speed up the completion of a product. Intense competition in the manufacturing industry forced the industry to make the material flow to be short. This can be done by resetting the engine layout in such a way. Industry Furniture X as one of the furniture industry in the city of Palembang that manufacture products based on the make to order. The product has so many variations of high material flow and higher material handling costs. The distance between the machines far enough too play a role in the cost of material handling.The layout of the fractal method can produce a short distance between the machine and more flexible to address the varying conditions of the product. This method will form fractals that have the same ability to make the production process, in which fractal is formed of two pieces, each of which consists of 9 pieces of machinery . In the proposed layout is formed , the machines were experiencing engine displacement is 1A , 1B , 1C , 2B , 3B , 4 , 5 , 6A , 6B , 7 ,8A, 8B, 10A, and 10B. This method was successful in reducing the material displacement distance during research periode of 58,125 meter or 6.251% and the cost of material movement during research periode Rp 27.971,9375 and during one year Rp 559.438,75 or 3,066 %.
Agen Based Modeling for Corn Supply Chain Risks Identification and Sales Negotiation in PTPN VIII
Authors: Hidayat Syarif , Suliandar Dyah Ayu
Published: July 2021

PTPN VIII is a state-owned company in West Java cultivating several kinds of commodities, and still have three marginal farmlands with a total size of 3000 hectares open for investment for corn. The type of corn that would be produced is corn feed for poultry needs. Three agents are involved in this agent-based model: the farmers (or cooperatives), PTPN VIII, and the buyers of the corn yields. All agents face risks in doing their businesses which hamper or reduce their probability of achieving their business goals. The potential risks are identified using fuzzy reasoning method. The three blocks of farmland have different levels of fertility. Farmers are expected to compete for the hunt of farmland to rent for cultivating corns, until their funds run out. They must prepare the land, procure their best corn seeds, plant and maintain the crops, and eventually harvest, dry and sell their corn yield. The dryness of the corn grains dictates the selling price. The buyers will buy the corns until their demands are fulfilled for the particular season. There will be a negotiation process between agents to reach an agreement. Each agent seeks to achieve its goal. This is why agent-based modelling is employed. Netlogo software is used to develop the model. Based on fuzzy reasoning method the obtained result shows that the most potential risk is quality risk. The negotiation results show that when both buyer and seller experience heightened degree of risk appetite, the shortest negotiations are achieved.
Portfolio Optimization in Post Financial Crisis of 2008-2009 in the Mongolian Stock Exchange
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wen , Gankhuyag Dolgion
Published: July 2021

In this study, we present the Mongolian stock market’s performance post phenomenal financial crisis of 2008-2009, opportunities to invest and the risks problems. For analysis of the study, we used financial portfolio optimization models with restricted structure, mathematical statistic methods and financial methods. First, we considered about portfolio optimization in the Mongolian Stock Exchange using Markowitz’s modern portfolio theory and Telser’s safety first model. We used MSE weekly trading data chosen 50 most traded stocks out of 237 stocks listed at the MSE between 2009 and 2013. We generated 50 weeks mean-variance portfolio and safety first portfolio for 2014 and discussed. We considered weekly investment in the MSE using mean-variance portfolio andsafety first portfolio. The mean-variance portfolio has the best performance of weekly portfolio return with average weekly return and cumulative return. We found stable portfolio against investing risk and did back-test the result. For prospect investors in the MSE, we suggest invest and earn high return in the MSE.
Feasibility Study Using Added Value Calculation Analysis for Palm Oil Supply Chain
Authors: Hidayat Syarif , Machmud Aris , Rizki Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The Palm Oil Supply Chain (POSC) is a series of companies dealing with materials or products derived from oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The chain is interdependent sequentially and cooperate in the control, management and improvement of the flow of products, money and information from the upstream side to the downstream side. The POSC consists of palm oil seed growers, farmers, traders, CPO factory, refinery factory, distributor/retailers, and consumers. The first party in the chain is the palm oil seed or seedling growers. These growers have a very important role for palm oil farmers because the quality of the seeds determines the quality of further fruits. The aims of this study are to evaluate the feasibility study of growing the seedlings, and measure the sensitivity of the factors to the profitability. By using modified Hayami method for the supply chain, the added value obtained is Rp5.950.227.861 which is 34,73% of the sales. The feasibility analysis calculation with an interest rate of 13.5%, shows the NPV of Rp 38.439.321.865, with the BEP of Rp 828.430.058, while ROI result 78,62%, Payback Periode value 1,27, Modified B/C Ratio 1,69, and IRR 78,33%.
Analisis Kinerja, Seleksi dan Pengembangan Vendor Trucking di Perusahaan Logistik
Authors: Wati Merlin Dyah , Praharsi Yugowati , Sari Devina Puspita
Published: July 2021

Freight forwarding is a logistics company which provide land delivery services rely heavily on trucking vendors. The available trucking vendors may not fulfill the company's expectations. Therefore the research was conducted to analyze the performance, selection process, management and development of 26 trucking vendors. The research began with the formation of a Critical Success Factor (CSF) and its development, namely a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in accordance with company objectives. Then the CSF and KPI was weighted through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, determined the optimal performance value of each KPI, measured the performance of each vendor through the scoring method, analyzed the performance of the trucking vendor that was not optimal through Root Cause Analysis (RCA) by looking for the cause based on fishbone diagrams and FMEA tables, as well as providing suggestions regarding the management and development of trucking vendors. The results of the study were 11 CSFs and 28 KPIs that were formed. Based on the selection process conducted on 26 trucking vendors, there are 3 excellent vendors, 4 very good vendors, 11 good vendors, 3 matching vendors, and 5 unsatisfactory vendors. Furthermore, researcher conducted root cause analysis (RCA) of vendor representatives “matching” and “unsatisfactory” categories with fishbone diagrams and FMEA tables. Where the 5 highest RPN values from the FMEA table were given suggestions for improvement. Meanwhile, the excellent, very good, and good vendor categories are developed through strategic plans for the future.
Methods for anchoring boundary nodes when smoothing a triangular surface mesh
Authors: Shumilin Sergei Sergeevich
Published: July 2021

In numerical modeling tasks that use surface meshes, remeshing is often required. However, while remeshing, distortion can occur. The accumulation of distortions can lead to the collapse of the solution. Smoothing algorithms are used to maintain the quality of the mesh during the calculation. When performing smoothing using methods that shift the mesh nodes, the border nodes are usually fixed to avoid distortion. However, simply fixing the nodes can lead to more severe distortion. This paper presents methods for working with boundary nodes to control such nodes during the smoothing process. Algorithms for working with pseudo-3D surface meshes, which are of particular interest, are also considered.
EDUCATION AND THE ATTITUDE OF RESPECT FOR NATURE
Authors: Eba Maxwell Borjor Achuk
Published: July 2021

This work addresses the question: How is respect for nature to be learned? In this aspect, we bring the perspective of virtue ethics. To be respectful towards nature is to develop a certain attitude within us. This attitude can be inculcated among human beings through relevant education. Proper education will build up a new awareness showing the need for being respectful towards nature. Environmental laws have been enacted by governments to help solve the environmental crisis.  Yet it is true that the environment can be protected through these laws but it cannot be done fully. We conserve our environment out of fear of punishment. This is the main reason why our environmental laws fail. It is through moral awareness and action it can be done in a better way. Hence ultimately education can provide an important insight in our dealing with the environment. Hence education plays a major role in restoring environmental crisis. Man’s attitude towards nature depends on the type of education he receives. This work argues that, through education, we can cultivate an attitude of respect towards nature. This will enable us to see in what way the attitude of respect for nature could be an instrument for the protection of nature. In this connection, we have taken help from O.P Dwivedi’s idea of basic principles and environmental codes on the basis of which, as he argues that environment can be better preserved. He has also suggested certain guiding principles for environmental management. Hence with these principles, human beings can become good stewards of nature with the attitude of respect for nature.
Establishing of local population, population dynamics and current abundance of Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus) in the Commander Islands
Authors: Ryazanov Sergey D. , Belonovich Olga A. , Mamaev Evgeny G. , Nikulin Victor S. , Fomin Sergey V. , Burkanov Vladimir N.
Published: July 2021

The time course of the establishment of a local population of Steller sea lions in the Commander Islands, population dynamics and current abundance were studied using literature published since the 1930s and the author’s observations conducted during breeding seasons 2008-2011. The local population of Steller sea lions started formation in the early 1960s, when mature females first began to populate the islands and the population was fully established in the early 1990s. The whole process of development the Commander Islands Steller sea lion sub-population took about three decades. Abundance of adult and juvenile sea lions fluctuated highly in 1991-2011 without any statistically significant trend, but numbers of pups had a pronounced negative slope mostly due to three sharp declines in pup production in 2000, 2009, and 2011. A total of about 700 animals of age 1+ inhabit the islands during the breeding season and about 200 pups are born annually at the present time. This total number of Steller sea lions is close to the mean value for the period after 1990s. Nevertheless, occasional sharp declines in pup production cause some anxiety, so far as they could lead to extinction of the Steller sea lion sub-population in this area as had occurred in the middle of the 19th century.
Nematodes of common Hexagrammidae species from the Far-Eastern Seas of Russia
Authors: Solovyeva Galina F. , Motora Zoya I.
Published: July 2021

Nematoda parasites of five greenling species from the Far-Eastern Seas ( Pleurogrammus azonus , P . monopterygius , Hexagrammos octogrammus , H . lagocephalus , H . stelleri ) are investigated. The family Hexagrammidae is endemic for the North Pacific. In total, 10 species of nematodes are found: Anisakis simplex l., Pseudoterranova decipiens l., Hysterothylacium aduncum , Contracaecum osculatum l., Ascarophis filiformis , A. curvicauda , A. pacifica , Cucullanellus minutus , Cucullanus heterochrous , and Paracapillaria helenae , all of them have wide geographical and hosts distribution. Anisakis simplex l. and Pseudoterranova decipiens l. are the most common for all investigated host species. The highest species diversity of nematodes (7 species) is registered for arabesque greenling P. azonus , particularly its females; Contracaecum osculatum l. and Cucullanus heterochrous are found for the first time for this host in the Japan Sea. The parasites are dispersed irregularly in muscles of all parts of fish body. Large-sized (i.e. elder) fish is higher infected by larvae of P. decipiens .
Complex processing of lipids from liver of the gonatid squid Berryteuthis magister
Authors: Ermolenko Ekaterina V. , Sultanov Ruslan M. , Kasyanov Sergey P. , Blinov Yury G.
Published: July 2021

Berryteuthis magister is one of the most common commercial species in the North-West Pacific, but its liver never was utilized before, though it was a rich source of the lipids with simple ether links, 1- О -alkyl-glycerol ethers (АGE), and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA). Technology for complex processing of lipids from its liver is developed and presented in details. These forms of lipids are distinguished by a wide range of biologic activity: AGE are effective immunomodulators which enhance hemopoiesis, relieve lesions and lower risk of secondary lesions under radio-therapy and can be used for treatment of some malignant tumors (glioma, prostate cancer, lung carcinoma, etc.); ω3 PUFA could be used for prophylactic of cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s sclerosis, senile dementia, skin diseases (protein synthesis control) and other diseases. The presented technology provides extraction of three preparations with different chemical composition and pharmacological activity. Both saturated and unsaturated AGE could be extracted using the property of different solubility in organic solvents for different components of the mixture of hydrolyzed lipids. The main component of the saturated AGE fraction is chimyl alcohol (90.5 %), but the unsaturated fraction contains 54.7 % of monounsaturated AGE. The ω3 PUFA are concentrated to summary 46 % content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid by the method of fatty acids crystallization with carbamide. Comparing with traditional raw materials for АGE and ω3 PUFA production, as shark liver, the liver of gonatid squid is more suitable because of its high and accessible resources, whereas sharks are presented in bycatch only so cannot be considered as a stable source.
Technology for preserves of milt of commercial fish from Far Eastern region
Authors: Fedoseeva Elena V.
Published: July 2021

Technology of milt preserve is developed for marine fish caught in the Far East of Russia. The milt is a perspective raw material possessing high food and biological value. Its ability for preserving is determined, indicators of preserving and organoleptic properties of finished product are investigated. The presented technology expands food assortment and provides rational utilization of fish raw materials.
Evaluation of rate of pathological changes in parenchymal organs for embryo of caspian seal Phoca caspica in modern conditions of the ecosystem in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Volodina Victoria V. , Grushko Maria P. , Fedorova Nadezhda N.
Published: July 2021

Pathological changes of the caspian seal fetus caused by negative processes in the mother’s organism under influence of disease and harmful environments are investigated. For that, parenchymal organs of the fetus are examined by histological methods. Active replacement of the fetus’ tissues by conjunctive tissue is detected in all organs, the most profound abnormalities are registered in the kidney and liver
Results on photo identification for beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas in the Anadyr estuary of the Bering Sea
Authors: Prasolova Ekaterina A. , Belikov Roman A. , Ryabov Andrey A. , Litovka Denis I.
Published: July 2021

Definition of individual beluga whales by the method of photo identification and selection of the main types of markers are presented for beluga whales in the Anadyr estuary, western Bering Sea. The study was conducted in the aggregation of beluga whales in three different sites at Anadyr - in the Anadyr sea port and at ferry docks № 8 and № 10 in the period from August 14 to September 6, 2013 (summer feeding of the whales). The maximum number of whales (40-70 animals) was observed at the ferry dock № 10, 2-6 whales were at the ferry dock № 8, and 1-2 ones - at the port. Mother-calf pairs were observed in all sites, but the portion of adult whales was the highest at the ferry dock № 10. Photocamera Nikon D90 and Nikkor lens (70-200 mm) were used for the photo ID. Mechanical skin damages, infections, spinal ridge traces, and age spots were used as individual markers. In total, 4400 images were obtained, including 155 ones with sides of beluga whales. The markers were observed both on the left side (32 cases) and right side (97 cases) of the whales, but both sides were identified for 13 whales only, including 3 females with calves. Taking into account the risk of reassessment in case of using two sides for identification, the identification is considered as successful for 110 individuals of beluga whale. Almost all identified individuals were met only once during the whole period of observation, only 6 of them were met twice, and only 4 - three times. One whale appeared 3 days in a row: on August 16, 17 and 18, and 5 individuals came 2 days in a row. Such few recurrent meetings may indicate a weak fidelity of beluga whales to certain water areas in the estuary, though maybe the length of study is insufficient, taking into account that a strong fidelity of mother-calf pairs of beluga whales to certain areas of the Anadyr estuary, considered as their hunting areas, was determined by visual observations of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in the 1980s. Probably, the area at the dock № 10, where the whales form large aggregation, is not assigned to individual animals but is a common feeding area. This large aggregation is similar to the aggregation of beluga whales at Cape Beluzhy of Solovetsky Island in the White Sea. However, these aggregations are fundamentally different by their nature: the reproductive aggregation at Solovetsky Island is distinguished by various forms of social interactions, including sexual activity, while the search and hunting behavior prevail in the feeding aggregation at the ferry dock № 10. The main reason for the beluga whales concentration in this area is dense concentration of freshwater fish and salmons migrating for spawning. Reproductive aggregations of beluga whales are not known yet in the Far-Eastern Seas.
ChukotTINRO - the beginning of biography
Authors: Makoedov Anatoly N.
Published: July 2021

Memoirs on events preceded the foundation of ChukotTINRO and the first stages of its formation from the former director of this scientific institution.
Current state of semi-anadromous and freshwater fisheries in Chukotka
Authors: Baranov Semen B. , Dyachkova Yulia A.
Published: July 2021

Catch dynamics of semi-anadromous and freshwater fish in the internal waters of Chukotka is analyzed on the data of fisheries statistics for 2000-2013. Steady decline of catch volumes is observed since 2002. The data of anonymous polls on the problems of fisheries among local population in native villages are presented, and the data from the polls are compared with the official fisheries statistics that allows to estimate real values of catch.
On distribution of migratory fry of pink salmon in the stream of a small Sakhalin river
Authors: Kaev Alexander M. , Ignatyev Yury I.
Published: July 2021

Distribution of migratory fry of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in the stream of the Voznesenka River (south-eastern Sakhalin) is investigated and its high inhomogeneity is revealed. One of the reasons is the stream structure - the fry aggregate mainly in the main flow. Another reason could be the fry behavior - they instinctively try to form aggregations with visual contact, in particular in relatively light nights or in conditions of their high abundance (short distance between the individuals).
Anthropogenic impact on intraspecific ecological-temporal differentiation and structure of populations of pacific salmons
Authors: Ivankov Vyacheslav N. , Ivankova Elena V.
Published: July 2021

Intraspecific temporal differentiation and population structure should be accounted in fishery, artificial breeding and introduction of anadromous species to provide stability of their ecological and genetic structure and maintain their high abundance. There is shown for the case of pacific salmons that ignoring of the population structure causes decreasing of the populations and distortion of their natural structure.
Morphobiological description of deep-sea shark Etmopterus unicolor (Etmopteridae, Squliformes) from the waters at northeastern Japan
Authors: Dolganov Vladimir N.
Published: July 2021

Morphological description is given for 27 specimens of shark Etmopterus unicolor caught off northeastern Japan in 1980. Counts for vertebras, teeth rows, and intestinal valves are presented, as well. The species biology is discussed.
Macrozoobenthos of small lowland lakes of Sakhalin Island
Authors: Labay Vyacheslav S.
Published: July 2021

Species composition, structure and seasonal dynamics of macrozoobenthos in small lakes of Sakhalin Island are considered on the data of benthic surveys conducted in 1994-2012. Features of the bottom fauna are determined by the lakes origin, their connection with other water bodies, biotic and abiotic conditions. The faunas of the lakes of northern Sakhalin are distinguished by the highest similarity. Generally, variety of benthic communities in small lakes corresponds to their biotope diversity and reduces with the size of lakes decreasing. The most typical benthic communities are those ones of the coastal belt of rigid plants, of the belt of pondweed, and profundal community of the open water area; the latter only is observed in very small lakes. Seasonal dynamics of the benthic communities is defined by biology of a few key species which dominate the whole year round. For example, seasonal dynamics of the profundal community in small floodplain lakes is determined mainly by generative dynamics of one species of chironomid: Chironomus gr. plumosus . Three phases could be traced in the seasonal succession: i) winter; ii) spring and early summer; iii) late summer and autumn. They change under influence of seasonal events as spring flood, summer low water, ice formation, or mass fish migration (reaction of benthic communities on fish migration is adaptive, not catastrophic). Food web of the benthic communities in small lakes is based on autochthonous organic matter of phytoperiphyton, phytobenthos and phytoplankton settled to the bottom. Benthic communities of floodplain lakes play important role in preserving of rheophilic fauna during catastrophic floods.
Suppositional measures for harmful microalga Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha control in aquaculture farms
Authors: Aizdaicher Nina A. , Markina Zh. V.
Published: July 2021

Growth of potentially toxic diatom microalga Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha is investigated in laboratory culture under different conditions of cultivation. In the conditions without stirring, the highest abundance of algae was moderate (16131 cells/ml) and observed after 3 days of exposition; many chains of 5-8 cells were formed. Further exposition showed cyclic dynamics of the culture, the chains of 5-12 cells were numerous, chloroplasts looked healthy, their color was olive-green. After stirring, a short lag-phase preceded to the phase of active cells dividing with exponential growth of their number to the peaks of 59828-70566 cells/ml, chains of 2-8 cells were formed but rapidly settled to the vessel bottom, chloroplasts were discrete and bleached that indicated dying of the culture. P. calliantha is potentially toxic species, so the sites with active water circulation or constrained water mixing are recommended for aquaculture farming that protects the environments from its phycotoxins accumulation.
On feeding of deep-sea crabs on the continental slope of northwestern Kamchatka
Authors: Chuchukalo Valery I. , Nadtochy Victor A. , Napazakov Vladimir V. , Borilko Oleg Yu. , Nuzhdenko Sergei A.
Published: July 2021

Mean index of gastrointestinal tract fullness for golden king crab Lithodes aequispinus is 15.5 ‱. Detritus occurs in 40.5 % of the cases, so it is a common food for this crab, Polychaeta, Ophiuroidea and Decapoda are 33.2 %, 32.1 % and 15.4 % of its ration, respectively, whereas Mollusca are only 11.5 % of the ration weight, despite of frequent occurrence. Triangle tanner crab Chionoecetes angulatus has the mean index of fullness 20.9 ‱, Polychaeta and Mollusca are two main components of its ration (31.4 % and 27.3 %, respectively) and Decapoda and Pisces are the secondary components (13.9 % and 12.2 %); detritus occurs in 11.2 % of the cases. Cannibalism is observed incidentally for the latter species.
Hydroacoustic methods and tools for fish stock assessment and fishery maintenance Part 2. Methods and tools of fishery biohydroacoustics
Authors: Kuznetsov Mikhail Yu. , Kuznetsov Yury A.
Published: July 2021

Studies on influence of hydroacoustic fields on behaviour of commercial species and using of hydroacoustic tools for management of fish and squids behavior to increase the fishing efficiency are overviewed. The methods and means of fisheries biohydroacoustics are considered critically and the reasons of their unsatisfactory using in fishery are analyzed. Sounds with a certain spectrum and level are still applied for influence on fish behaviour without sufficient scientific and technical substantiation, so a complex approach to development of effective hydroacoustic tools for remote control of fish movement is necessary. Results of studies on acoustic reception and acoustic activity for schooling physostomous fishes are presented. Spectral-power and temporal parameters of the sounds and their frequency differentiation by fish size are determined. Sound-generating mechanisms of fish are considered and signal significances of the sounds radiated by fish are recognized. Stereotypes of acoustic behaviour are revealed for toothed whales during their hunting upon fish: these predatory cetaceans have special acoustic manipulators able to generate signals for concentration and holding the fish, adapted for hearing system of the prey. Results of hydrobionic modelling of organs and mechanisms for sound generation of marine animals and their technical realization in hydroacoustic devices are presented. The developed devices allow to generate underwater pulse sound signals simulating biological signals of certain physostomous fish species and predatory cetaceans (dolphins and killer whales). Efficiency of these simulating signals influence on behaviour of fish is proved by behavioral experiments and fishing tests. Applications of these devices for various fisheries are discussed.
Modeling of trawl doors with account of the currents
Authors: Chernetsov Victor V.
Published: July 2021

Mathematical model of trawl doors is presented and methods of their modeling with account of the water currents are described. The model could be used for optimal tooling of trawl systems for real environments.
Survival of pacific salmons in the North Pacific in winter-spring season
Authors: Naydenko Svetlana V. , Temnykh Olga S.
Published: July 2021

Influence of several factors (water temperature, food supply, predatory, size of juveniles) on pacific salmons survival during wintering is considered on the data collected from the upper pelagic layer in surveys conducted by Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO) in the North-West Pacific. There is highly unlikely that the temperature influences on fish mortality directly. There is no obvious proof of negative influence of the low temperature on food base of salmons, as well. The lowering of forage zooplankton biomass in the Subarctic Front zone in February-March is insufficient for the salmons starvation taking into account that the total abundance of planktivorous nekton is also lowered in this area and generally in the Subarctic waters in winter-spring, so the food supply cannot be considered as a crucial factor of the salmons survival. Seasonal changes with lowering of feeding intensity, lipid accumulation, and somatic growth in winter known for pacific salmons aren’t forced by poor food base but are a feature of their species-specific life strategy with cyclic changes of metabolism. Predators are not abundant in the Subarctic zone in winter, so the predatory also cannot cause the high mortality of salmons. Relationship between the size of juveniles and their mortality in winter is considered in detail for the Okhotsk Sea stocks of pink salmon and there is concluded that the size of juveniles cannot be a predictor of their year-classes return for spawning. Thus, any single factor doesn’t determine winter mortality of pacific salmons but their survival is likely determined by a complex interaction of abiotic and biotic factors.
Helminthes from juveniles of pacific salmons (Oncorhynchus) at the continental coast of the northern Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Pospekhov Vitaly V. , Khamenkova Elena V.
Published: July 2021

Fauna of helminthes and feeding of pacific salmon (pink, chum, and coho) juveniles at the continental coast of the northern Okhotsk Sea are considered both for freshwater and early marine stages of their life. Possible conditions of the parasitic worms invasion are discussed. In total, 17 species of parasitic worms are found in salmon juveniles including cestodes (2 species), trematodes (8), nematodes (4), and acanthocephalans (3). The trematodes Brachyphallus crenatus and Pronoprymna petrowi have the highest values of infestation. The helminthes are mainly the representatives of freshwater ecological group (10 species are found in fresh waters and 8 species in estuaries), only 6 species represent the marine ecological group. One marine species ( Hysterothylacium gadi aduncum ) is found in estuarine coho juvenile and one freshwater species ( Diplostomum sp., met.) is found in marine coho juvenile.
New findings to discussion on local versus fluctuating stocks of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Authors: Kaev Alexander M. , Zhivotovsky Lev A.
Published: July 2021

Some patterns in dynamics of catch and biological parameters of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha returned to the southeastern coast of Sakhalin Island and the Aniva Bay in 2014 (additional peak in the return abundance and unusual increase in relative fecundity of females in the second half of the return) could be interpreted as presence of the fish from Kuril Islands. This hypothesis was proven by the scale structure analysis, using the known difference between the pink salmon from southern Sakhalin and Iturup Island by the total number of sclerites and the depth of the local minimum in the first eight intersclerite distances caused by different environments. The fish of Kuril origin was found in all samples collected on the southeastern coast of Sakhalin on August 6, 7, 14, and 18, with its portion increasing in later catches, and in the sample collected in the Ostrovka River on the eastern shore of the Aniva Bay on August 18, but wasn’t found in the sample collected in the same site on August 25, and only a small portion of the fish of Kuril origin was found in the marine sample taken at the Busse Lagoon. The pink salmon in the Kura River on the western shore of the Aniva Bay had mixed origin, too, but without signs of the Kuril origin. This is the first real evidence of the salmon straying and the hypothesis of fluctuating stocks of pink salmon obtained with the ichthyological methods, though possibility of the straying is debating many years. This phenomenon has high theoretical and practical importance. The new findings show that mass movement of pink salmon between different reproduction regions is quite real, though maybe it happens rarely, presumably during the shift of domination between the odd- and even-year broodlines. The straying of low intensity may be invisible with routine methods, that’s why thorough monitoring of pink salmon stocks in different areas of its reproduction is necessary for understanding its population structure and dynamics, including detailed environmental, ichthyological and genetic studies.
Analysis and forecast of the surface currents in the Okhotsk Sea on the base of observations on drift of buoys
Authors: Usoltsev Igor I. , Kilmatov Talgat R. , Vrazhkin Aleksander N.
Published: July 2021

Data of observations on drifting buoys in the western Okhotsk Sea are presented. Quasi-stochastic mode of the buoys drift under forcing of atmospheric cyclone is noted. The drift is analyzed jointly with analysis of the wind field and the sea surface satellite altimetry. The buoy drift trajectories are modeled under separate influence of the wind-driven and geostrophic flows. There is concluded that both wind-driven and geostrophic currents at the sea surface should be accounted for forecasting of drift for buoys or any floating objects.
Short-term forecasting of the result of fishery on the Amur salmons gen. Oncorthynchus
Authors: Ostrovsky Vladimir I.
Published: July 2021

Usefulness of operational data on catch of pacific salmons for forecasting of their annual landings is considered. The landing dependence on daily and cumulative catch is analyzed. The former index has better correlation with the annual landing in the beginning of the fishery season but later loses this advantage. The landing relationship with the latter index increases naturally with time and rather reliable forecasts could be based on its value from early July for pink salmon, from middle July for summer chum salmon, and from middle August for fall chum salmon.
Long COVID-19
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Belotserkovskaya Yulia G. , Romanovskikh Anna G. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Smirnov Igor P. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Sinopalnikov Alexander I. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

The term “long COVID-19” describes the long-term effects of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 who require hospitalization, as well as those who are on outpatient treatment with mild clinical forms of the disease, often report persistent fatigue, shortness of breath, pain, cough and other respiratory and extrapulmonary symptoms for weeks and months. The generally accepted time frame that separates the duration of the acute and subacute phase of infection from the long COVID-19 is 28 days. The article describes the duration and the course of clinical disorders caused by COVID-19 and their persisting after the end of the acute phase of the disease. In addition, the current understanding of the causes of long-term consequences and the possibilities of drug and non-pharmacological correction are presented.
Implementation of Good Computer System Validation Practices In Pharmaceutical Industry- A Review
Authors: Chinta Sharvani  , Vikas Jain  , Hemanth Kumar  , Gangadharappa H V
Published: July 2021

Computer Systems Validation is a method used to ensure information is generated by a computer-based system that satisfies a set of specified requirements. Compliance with computerized systems is becoming increasingly relevant in the pharmaceutical industry as computer system validations have many benefits, such as enhancing quality control, reducing other validation costs and time, improving compliance with GMP 21 CFR Part 11 Regulation which affects the quality, health, identification or effectiveness of products subject to the GMP Regulations. Both the European Medicines Agency of Europe along with the Food & Drug Administration of the USA has developed CSV practice guidelines. An overview of relevant documents which fulfil the computer system validation along with its best practices implemented is presented below. Official requirements and standards of the USA, Europe, and Switzerland are taken as the main focus. The taken basic GMP guidelines' like Gamp, AVP and PDA implies the same principles and theories. They explain majorly about what to do view point of validation, whereas GAMP describes how to do validation. We strive to define the computer device validation needs of equipment conducted from a pharmaceutical industry perspective. The categorization of a computer system into various frameworks or categories gives the flexible approach for the validation of complex as well as simple computerized systems. The present review article discusses the implementation and various good practices of the pharmaceutical industry to maintain computer system validation. Implementing various good computer system validation activities reduces the re-work and always maintains the quality standards as per the user requirements; as a result of which the future trends will notice merging of various new implemented terminology and techniques as a common practice in mixed sectors.
Breast cancer: understanding etiology, addressing molecular signaling pathways, identifying therapeutic targets and strategizing the treatment
Authors: Preeti Tanaji Mane  , Sangram Prakash Patil  , Balaji Sopanrao Wakure  , Pravin Shridhar Wakte
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer has messed the life of a greater number of women being the most common cancer affecting them worldwide. A number of risk factors contribute the breast malignancy, however, genetic drift is accountable the most. Depending on the cell origin, invasiveness and receptors involved, breast cancer is classified into various subtypes. The accurate diagnosis of breast cancer is important as it defines the prognosis and directs the type of treatment required. A number of major signaling pathways involved in breast tumorigenesis and its development include estrogen receptors (ERs), HER2, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), PI3K and mTOR pathway. Furthermore, certain enzymes like Cyclin dependent kinases and breast tumor kinases also play a vital role in cell cycle regulation and therefore, in the development of breast neoplasms. Recent studies have also enlightened the role of non-coding RNAs in breast cancer development. This review discusses various aspects of breast cancer such as its etiology, subtypes, various signaling pathways involved, targets projected by these pathways and the current treatment options based on a few of these targets. Also, the role of different genes, enzymes and non-coding RNAs related to breast tumorigenesis and development is discussed.
Alcoholic Hepatitis – A Fatal Disease
Authors: Mayuri K  , Sunitha S
Published: July 2021

Liver is the vital organ that metabolizes and excretes nutrients. Failure of the liver leads to death in cases. The complication which causes liver failure is excessive alcohol consumption. Liver metabolizes ethanol and it faces the highest degree of injury by uncontrolled drinking. Alcohol use produces a broad spectrum of diseases; hepatosteatosis, Alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis & cirrhosis. Pathogenesis of Alcohol related Liver Diseases (ALD) is explained by hepatic lipogenesis, deceleration of hepatic lipid breakdown, defective hepatic lipid export, macrophage induced alcoholic hepatitis (AH), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transport into the hepatic bloodstream, Malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts formation and hepatocyte stellate cell (HSC) induction. Main symptoms of AH include oxidative stress, metabolism interruption, inflammation, restoration process changes and bacterial byproducts misplacement from the gut into hepatic portal blood circulation. Diagnostic studies of ALD are concluded by medical records, clinical and laboratory declarations. Earlier, Glucocorticoids, Pentoxifylline, TNFα were used in the treatment of AH, alone or combined. Novel treatments include Metadoxine, Caspase inhibitors, Microbiome Modification, Microbial Phage Therapy, and liver transplantation. These treatments are prescribed in combination with addiction psychiatrists, social work, and family counselors. Recent studies confirmed that AH could be prevented by consuming capsaicin daily, which ultimately reduces the global burden.