bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost accounting for blood bank laboratories
Authors: Tessel J.A.
Published: June 2021

To meet the challenges of present-day blood banking, laboratory managers and supervisors must acquire and use skills in financial management. One such skill is cost analysis. Cost analyses vary from simple to complex and are used to determine the basic elements contributing to a test cost. Cost analysis can be used to identify costs, justify updating laboratory test prices, monitor general supply and reagent costs, help in the decision to lease or buy an instrument, modify existing test procedures to cut costs, determine staffing needs, and assure accurate reimbursement for laboratory services.
Stimulation of Antibody Following 51 Chromium Survival Studies
Authors: Esty Susan S. , Wahl Tracy , Zawisza Julie , Mallory Delores , Davey Richard J.
Published: June 2021

The survival of red blood cells (RBCs) radiolabeled with 51chromium (51Cr) is a reliable method for predicting transfusion compatibility. Approximately 1.0 ml of 51Cr tagged RBCs is infused into the patient and samples are drawn at predetermined intervals post in-fusion to determine RBC survival. Red cells used for the study are usually incompatible with the patient’s antibody. This antigenic rechallenge may stimulate further antibody production, which could contribute to accelerated destruction of RBCs during subsequent incompatible transfusions.

To study this question, blood samples were collected from six patients with a single atypical doantibody, seven to nine months after 5lCr RBC survival studies had been performed in an unrelated protocol. Blood had not been transfused in the interim. The samples were tested in parallel with pre-survival samples for change in antibody titer and score. In addition, RBCs used for the 51Cr survival study, sensitized in vitro with pre- and postsurvival serum, were tested by the monocyte monolayer assay (MMA).

Serum antibody titers showed a significant increase (>2 dilutions) in two of six patients and antibody score was significantly increased (> 10) in three of six patients. One of the two negative MMAs became weakly positive. This study suggests that 5lCr survival tests using small volumes of RBCs can stimulate significant increases in antibody in some patients, a factor that must be considered in performing these tests and in planning subsequent transfusions.
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with Auto-Anti-Ai Specificity: 51Chromium Survival Studies
Authors: McGinniss Mary H. , Binder Richard A. , Kales Arthur N. , Davey Richard J.
Published: June 2021

A 65-year-old woman was found to have severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The patient was group A1 Rh0(D) positive. The direct antiglobulin test was strongly positive with anti-C3 and negative with anti- IgG. The serum contained two distinct IgM antibodies, auto-anti-I and auto-anti-AI. Both were reactive at 22 °C. However, the anti-AI also was reactive in saline and in albumin at 37°C. An eluate revealed anti-AI and a weak anti-L Sequential 5’Chromium survival studies were done with group OI and Al red cells. The group OI red cells survived normally (97% at 24 hours) while the group A J red cells were removed in a “two- component” pattern characteristic of IgM complementfixing antibodies (62% survival at one hour, 49% at 24 hours). Based on these observations, the patient was subsequently transfused without incidence with six group O units of washed red cells prior to splenectomy. Although auto-anti-AI has been previously reported, this is the first case to demonstrate the use of 51Cr survival studies to determine its clinical significance.
Strategi Imperialisme British dalam Dasar Desentralisasi Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu, 1927–1934
Authors: Mokhtar Mohd Shazwan , Mohd Samsudin Mohd Samsudin , Mansor Suffian
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini menilai semula hujah pelaksanaan dasar desentralisasi British sebagai suatu usaha untuk mengembalikan kuasa Raja-Raja Melayu dalam Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri (MMN) di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu (NNMB). Tumpuan diberikan pada fasa awal pelaksanaan dasar ini iaitu setelah Majlis Mesyuarat Persekutuan (MMP) distruktur semula pada tahun 1927 sehingga pelaksanaannya pada tahun 1934. Dalam tempoh tersebut, dasar desentralisasi NNMB telah melalui proses pembentukan ketika pentadbiran Laurence Guillemard dan Cecil Clementi selaku Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British di Tanah Melayu. Proses ini membuktikan pengaruh dasar kesatuan empayar dari London sewaktu wujudnya strategi imperial yang tersirat untuk memusatkan pentadbiran Tanah Melayu kepada Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British. Walaupun kedudukan Raja-Raja Melayu dikembalikan dalam MMN, bidang kuasanya hanya terbatas dalam pentadbiran kewangan bagi jabatan perkhidmatan persekutuan yang ditetapkan. Hal ini demikian kerana MMP masih lagi mempunyai kuasa kawalan pentadbiran kewangan pada peringkat persekutuan. Justeru, apakah matlamat British yang sebenar dalam melaksanakan dasar desentralisasi di NNMB? Hasil kajian terhadap dokumen pentadbiran kolonial NNMB dan Pejabat Tanah Jajahan mendapati bahawa pelaksanaan dasar desentralisasi di NNMB merupakan strategi imperialisme British untuk membentuk Kesatuan Tanah Melayu di bawah kawalannya. Pentadbiran kolonial NNMB cuba digabungkan dengan Negeri-Negeri Selat serta Negeri- Negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu dan diletakkan di tangan Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British.
Correlations of quantum curvature and variance of Chern numbers
Authors: Gat Omri , Wilkinson Michael
Published: June 2021

We analyse the correlation function of the quantum curvature
in complex quantum systems, using a random matrix model to provide
an exemplar of a universal correlation function. We show that the correlation
function diverges as the inverse of the distance at small separations. We also
define and analyse a correlation function of mixed states, showing that it is finite but singular at small
separations. A scaling hypothesis on a universal form for both types of correlations
is supported by Monte-Carlo simulations. We relate the correlation function of the
curvature to the variance of Chern integers which can describe quantised Hall conductance.
THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE DIABETIC DIET
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Head, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, 20100, Sri Lanka., Muthalib A.M. , Mujahid S.M. ,   PG Scholar of Moalejat, Govt. Nizamia Tibbi College, Hyderabad, 500023, Telangana, India.
Published: June 2021

Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (T2D), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and obesity have been gradually increasing during the last three decades. The role food plays in both the prevention and management of diabetes. Attempt to control these disorders, healthcare workers try to manipulate the quality, quantity, and variety of carbohydrates in the diet in an effort to control diabetes in patients. However, many patients and health professionals do not seem to appreciate the complexities of carbohydrates and a verity of issues related to glycemic control in patients with diabetes. WHO aims to stimulate and support the adoption of effective measures for the surveillance, prevention and control of diabetes and its complications, particularly in low and middle income countries by implementing its global strategy on diet and physical activities.Management of diabetes at the initial stage and prevention of future onset could be easily achieved by dietary management.Nutrition counseling should be sensitive to the personal needs, willingness to change and ability to make changes of the individual with pre diabetes or diabetes.The glycaemic response, index and the load of foods and effective drinking time of water are not incorporated in dietary management among diabetic patients. Generating the knowledge on these will be importance in managing diabetes.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THEIR EXISTENCE OF IN EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING BY GOVERNMENTS
Authors: Vania Rugebregt Revency , Saptenno M.J. , Tjiptabudy J.
Published: June 2021

Indigenous Peoples are a problem that is relatively unknown to the wider community because they are located in remote areas, and only certain areas have Indigenous Peoples problems. They are a very vulnerable group in our society and in the country in general. This happens because they lack access to development and even their rights tend to be neglected. Apart from that, the alignment of the constitution with them in the laws and regulations is not in line with the practice in the field. This research uses the normative research method where the conceptual and statutory approaches are used, but also the legal materials that are obtained in the field will also be input in this research. It is hoped that this research can contribute ideas to policy makers so that it becomes a recommendation for making policies based on conditions in the field or evidence (evidence-based policies).
Structural and functional correlations in the pre-perimetric and the initial stages of glaucomatous optic neuropathy
Authors: Kirillova M. O. , Zhuravleva A. N. , Zueva M. V. , Tsapenko I. V.
Published: June 2021

Purpose:to study morphological and functional relationships in the early and preclinical diagnosis of glaucomatous optical neuropathy based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina and the data of electrophysiological research. Material and methods. Two clinical groups: (I) 35 patients (60 eyes) aged 49–70 (ave. 58.0 ± 5.3 yrs) with suspected glaucoma and (II) 21 patients (30 eyes) aged 46-68 (ave. 61.0 ± 4.8 yrs) with initial primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and a comparison group consisting of 36 relativelyhealthy subjects (41 eyes) aged 54–70 (ave. 62.0 ± 4.5 yrs), were subjected to spectral OCT by OСT Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). The thickness of the peripapillary layer of retinal nerve fibers (pRNFL), the minimum rim width (MRW), and the thickness of theretinal layers in the macular region that make up the ganglion cell complex (GCC) were evaluated. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify correlations between OCT and electroretinography (ERG) data. Results.In patients with suspected glaucoma, changes in the parameters of transient pattern-ERG correlated with RNFL thinning in the macular region, inner plexiform layer (IPL), and ganglion cell layer(GCL) in the parafoveal area. In patients with initial glaucoma, changes in the retinal GCL were detected for the upper, lower, and temporal quadrants, while the nasal and central quadrants remained intact in all three GCC layers (RNFL, GCL, and IPL). In patients with suspected glaucoma, no statistically significant changes in the thickness of the pRNFL as compared with the norm were detected. Yet the MRW differed significantly from the comparison group. The highest number of correlations was found between the parameters of the ERGs and the thickness of the pRNFL. In patients with the initial stage of POAG, there was a significant increase in the thickness of RNFL in the temporal quadrant of the paramacular region. In our opinion, this phenomenon may be associated with the development of reactive gliosis being thereaction of neuroglia in response to changes in vascular and/or dystrophic homeostasis. Conclusion.Specific combinations of changes in the structural parameters of the retina and optic nerve head and the temporal and amplitude indices of the PERG and phototopic negative response have been found, justifying their use as combined markers of early and preclinical diagnosis of POAG.
Impact of combination of local carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and beta-blockers on intraocular pressure, visual functions and eye hemodynamics in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Malishevskaya T. N. , Kiseleva T. N. , Vlasova A. S. , Eliseeva E. K.
Published: June 2021

Drug treatment optimization in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a topical issue of ophthalmology in recent decades. The review focuses on the choice of local hypotensive therapy and the effectiveness of a fixed combination (FC) of dorzolamide / timolol in glaucoma treatment. Since decreased perfusion eye pressure and disturbed regulation of local hemodynamics affect the development and progression of glaucomatous optical neuropathy, the use of anti-glaucomatous drugs or other hypotensive agents requires taking account of their effect on intraocular pressure (IOP), visual functions, and ocular blood flow. Most studies show that the hypotensive and hemodynamic effects of dorzolamide/timolol FC contribute to the preservation of visual fields in POAG patients by reducing significant risk factors for POAG progression, such as increased IOP and blood flow deficiency in the retinal and choroidal vessels. Improved hemodynamic parametersdue to local hypotensive treatment can be considered as basis for visual function stabilization, especially in long-term chronic courses of the disease.
Stormwater management by low impact development practices
Authors: Mani Melika , Bateni Sayed , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Cording Amanda
Published: June 2021

Due to the effects of climate change, urban and suburban expansion, and urban pollutants on runoff quality and quantity, applying contemporary stormwater management approaches in urban areas have become more critical. Low impact development (LID) practices are environmentally friendly stormwater management methods, seeking to replicate the natural hydrologic regimes in urban areas. They have become popular methods to reduce/prevent adverse stormwater runoff impacts in urban catchments, mainly by improving on-site infiltration or harvesting and reusing runoff. This study introduces LID practices and the importance of using them. Thereafter, the structure, benefits, and limitations of common LID practices are explained to help water resource engineers and urban planners have a better understanding of these practices, and choose the most suitable LID practice based on the needs of the project and features of the site.
Optimization of TiO2-P25 photocatalyst dose and H2O2 concentration for advanced photo-oxidation using smartphone-based colorimetry
Authors: Danyliuk Nazarii , Tatarchuk Tetiana , Kannan Karthik , Shyichuk Alexander
Published: June 2021

Color images taken by a smartphone camera were used to estimate the rate of advanced photo-oxidation reaction of Direct Red 23 (DR23) azo dye as a model organic pollutant. The red, green, blue color coordinates were tested to quantify the dye. Images of the reaction mixture were taken at specified intervals to obtain kinetic lines and reaction rate constants. Both the reaction rate constant and the final degree of degradation were plotted as functions of the photocatalyst dose and the concentration of H2O2. The smartphone measurements are fully consistent with the reference spectrophotometry data. The maximum degradation efficiency of the DR23 dye was recorded at C0(H2O2) = 2.5 mM and photocatalyst dose equal to 1.0 mg/L. Higher H2O2 concentrations reduce the degradation rate as a result of the side reaction of H2O2 with OH radicals. A two-factor experimental design was used to study the effects of photocatalyst dose and H2O2 concentration with five and seven levels, respectively. The analysis of variance results indicated that the concentration of H2O2 had the greater influence. The smartphone provides quick and easy measurement of the photodegradation rate directly in the solutions without sampling. The proposed approach can be applied under field conditions in wastewater treatment plants.
Targeted Drug Delivery: Trends and Perspectives
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Sandhu Navjot Kaur , Chawla Viney , Chawla Pooja A.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Having various limitations in conventional drug delivery system, it is important
to focus on the target-specific drug delivery system where we can deliver the drug without
any degradation. Among various challenges that are thrown to a formulation scientist, delivering
the drug to its right site, in its right dose, is also an important aim. A focused drug transport aims to
extend, localize, target and have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue.

Objective:

The aim of targeted drug delivery is to make the required amount of the drug available
at its desired site of action. Drug targeting can be accomplished in a number of ways that include
enzyme mediation, pH-dependent release, use of special vehicles, receptor targeting, among other
mechanisms. Intelligently designed targeted drug delivery systems also offer the advantages of a
low dose of the drug along with reduced side effects which ultimately improves patient compliance.
Incidences of dose dumping and dosage form failure are negligible. A focused drug transport
aims to have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue.

Conclusion:

This review focuses on the available targeting techniques from experiment to perfection
for delivery to the colon, brain, and other sites of interest. Overall, the article should make an
excellent read for the researchers in this area. Newer drug targets may be identified and exploited
for successful drug targeting.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Glabridin Tip-loaded Dissolving Microneedles
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Wang Meixia , Ran Mengnan , Liu Xinying , Liu Siwan , Ruan Zhipeng , Jin Nan
Published: June 2021

Background:

The clinical application of glabridin in treating skin diseases has been constrained
by the limitations of its poor chemical stability and low skin permeability.

Objective:

Here, we describe Tip-loading Dissolving Microneedles (TDMNs) encapsulating drugs
only in the tips of needles for glabridin delivery with improved stability and skin permeability.

Methods:

The TDMNs fabricated by solvent casting technique had sufficient mechanical strength
to penetrate through the excised rat's skin without fracture. Drug delivery efficiency and drug residual
in the skin of TDMNs were 63.16% and 49.28%, respectively. Glabridin encapsulated in the
tips of TDMNs was effectively delivered into the abdominal skin of rat, and the in vivo delivery efficiency
was inversely proportional to the drug doses.

Results:

Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) significantly increased to 34.80 g/m2·h after the application
of TDMNs and returned to normal levels (11.31 g/m2·h) after 8 h, indicating that the
TDMNs were well tolerated. The stability of glabridin at room temperature was appreciably improved
when loaded in TDMNs.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that intradermal delivery of glabridin by TDMNs is a safe and
efficient alternative to currently available routes of administration.
Depression and Pain: Use of Antidepressants
Authors: Bonilla-Jaime Herlinda , Sánchez-Salcedo José Armando , Estevez-Cabrera M. Maetzi , Molina-Jiménez Tania , Cortes-Altamirano José Luis , Alfaro-Rodríguez Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Background:

Emotional disorders are common comorbid affectations that exacerbate the severity and persistence of chronic pain. Specifically, depressive symptoms can lead to an excessive duration and intensity of pain. Clinical and preclinical studies have been focused on the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain and depression comorbidity and the use of antidepressants to reduce pain.

Aim:

This review provides an overview of the comorbid relationship of chronic pain and depression, the clinical and pre-clinical studies performed on the neurobiological aspects of pain and depression, and the use of antidepressants as analgesics.

Method:

A systematic search of literature databases was conducted according to pre-defined criteria. The authors independently conducted a focused analysis of the full-text articles.

Results:

Studies suggest that pain and depression are highly intertwined and may co-exacerbate physical and psychological symptoms. One important biochemical basis for pain and depression focuses on the serotonergic and norepinephrine system, which have been shown to play an important role in this comorbidity. Brain structures that codify pain are also involved in mood. It is evident that using serotonergic and norepinephrine antidepressants are strategies commonly employed to mitigate pain

Conclusion:

Literature indicates that pain and depression impact each other and play a prominent role in the development and maintenance of other chronic symptoms. Antidepressants continue to be a major therapeutic tool for managing chronic pain. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are more effective in reducing pain than Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin- Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).
Pathways Involved in Remyelination after Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Garcia-Martin Gonzalo , Alcover-Sanchez Berta , Wandosell Francisco , Cubelos Beatriz
Published: June 2021

Brain ischemia, also known as ischemic stroke, occurs when there is a lack of blood
supply into the brain. When an ischemic insult appears, both neurons and glial cells can react in
several ways that will determine the severity and prognosis. This high heterogeneity of responses
has been a major obstacle in developing effective treatments or preventive methods for stroke. Although
white matter pathophysiology has not been deeply assessed in stroke, its remodelling can
greatly influence the clinical outcome and the disability degree. Oligodendrocytes, the unique cell
type implied in CNS myelination, are sensible to ischemic damage. Loss of myelin sheaths can
compromise axon survival, so new Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells are required to restore brain
function. Stroke can, therefore, enhance oligodendrogenesis to regenerate those new oligodendrocytes
that will ensheath the damaged axons. Given that myelination is a highly complex process that
requires coordination of multiple pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog, RTKs or Wnt/β-catenin, we
will analyse new research highlighting their importance after brain ischemia. In addition, oligodendrocytes
are not isolated cells inside the brain, but rather form part of a dynamic environment of
interactions between neurons and glial cells. For this reason, we will put some context into how
microglia and astrocytes react against stroke and influence oligodendrogenesis to highlight the relevance
of remyelination in the ischemic brain. This will help to guide future studies to develop
treatments focused on potentiating the ability of the brain to repair the damage.
Immersive Virtual Reality and Vestibular Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: Case Report (Preprint)
Authors: García-Muñoz Cristina , Cortés-Vega María-Dolores , Hernández-Rodríguez Juan-Carlos , Fernández-Seguín Lourdes M , Escobio-Prieto Isabel , Casuso-Holgado María Jesús
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Dizziness and imbalance are common and disabling symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and are caused by a central, peripheral, or mixed vestibulopathy. Central vestibular disorder is the most frequently reported vestibular problem in the MS population due to demyelination. Vestibular rehabilitation ameliorates these symptoms and their repercussions and improves quality of life. Immersive virtual reality (VRi) is an emerging tool in this field; however, no previous research has been performed studying its effects in MS.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to apply a VRi vestibular training protocol to a patient with MS and assess the effects induced by the experimental intervention.

METHODS

This case study included a 54-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS. We developed a standardized VRi exercise protocol for vestibular rehabilitation based on the gold-standard Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular training protocol. The 20-session intervention was made up of 10 initial sessions and 10 advanced sessions. Each 50-minute session was performed two to three times per week for 7 weeks. Four evaluations were carried out over the study period: at baseline (T0), between initial and advances phases (T1), postintervention (T2), and 1 month after the experimental procedure (T3). The research outcomes were dizziness, balance, gait, impact of fatigue, quality of life, repercussions in muscular tone, and usability of the head-mounted display device.

RESULTS

After implementing the VRi vestibular protocol, improvements were seen in the following patient parameters: Dizziness Handicap Inventory score (62 points at T0; 4 points at T2); Berg Balance Scale score (47 points at T0; 54 points at T2); instrumented Timed Up and Go time (8.35 seconds at T0; 5.57 seconds at T2); muscular tone of the erector spinae, rectus femoris, and soleus; Modified Fatigue Impact Scale score (61 points at T0; 37 points at T2); and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 values (67.16% in the physical health area at T2; 33.56% in the mental health area at T2). The patient rated the usability of the system as 90%, based on the System Usability Scale, and gave the system a grade of A.

CONCLUSIONS

Although further research is needed, this study provided initial evidence that the first VRi vestibular protocol for the MS population can improve dizziness, balance, gait, impact of fatigue, quality of life, and muscular tone through an exergame intervention. This study may help establish a standardized VRi protocol for vestibular rehabilitation.
Online Patient Education Materials Related to Lipoprotein(a): Readability Assessment (Preprint)
Authors: Pearson Keon , Ngo Summer , Ekpo Eson , Sarraju Ashish , Baird Grayson , Knowles Joshua , Rodriguez Fatima
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a highly proatherogenic lipid fraction that is a clinically significant risk modifier. Patients wanting to learn more about Lp(a) are likely to use online patient educational materials (OPEMs). However, the readability of OPEMs may exceed the health literacy of the public.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the readability of OPEMs related to Lp(a). We hypothesized that the readability of these online materials would exceed the sixth grade level recommended by the American Medical Association.

METHODS

Using an online search engine, we queried the top 20 search results from 10 commonly used Lp(a)-related search terms to identify a total of 200 websites. We excluded duplicate websites, advertised results, research journal articles, or non–patient-directed materials, such as those intended only for health professionals or researchers. Grade level readability was calculated using 5 standard readability metrics (automated readability index, SMOG index, Coleman-Liau index, Gunning Fog score, Flesch-Kincaid score) to produce robust point (mean) and interval (CI) estimates of readability. Generalized estimating equations were used to model grade level readability by each search term, with the 5 readability scores nested within each OPEM.

RESULTS

A total of 27 unique websites were identified for analysis. The average readability score for the aggregated results was a 12.2 (95% CI 10.9798-13.3978) grade level. OPEMs were grouped into 6 categories by primary source: industry, lay press, research foundation and nonprofit organizations, university or government, clinic, and other. The most readable category was OPEMs published by universities or government agencies (9.0, 95% CI 6.8-11.3). The least readable OPEMs on average were the ones published by the lay press (13.0, 95% CI 11.2-14.8). All categories exceeded the sixth grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association.

CONCLUSIONS

Lack of access to readable OPEMs may disproportionately affect patients with low health literacy. Ensuring that online content is understandable by broad audiences is a necessary component of increasing the impact of novel therapeutics and recommendations regarding Lp(a).
Factors associated with home birth in Peru: An analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey, 2019 (Preprint)
Authors: Huapaya-Torres Jackeline , Santos-Rosales Yuly , Moquillaza-Alcantara Victor
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Home birth is a traditional practice related to perinatal complications; however, its distribution in the country and its determinants are unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the proportion and factors associated with home birth in Peru, 2019.

METHODS

Cross-sectional analytical design study where the 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey was analyzed. The association was evaluated using Poisson Regression, supplemented with the crude prevalence ratio (cPR) and adjusted (aPR).

RESULTS

The records of 18,401 women were evaluated, where 5.39% (95%CI:4.83-6.03%) presented home birth. The probability of a home birth occurs increases when the pregnant woman is from the andean (aPR:1.24; 95%CI:1.02-1.48) and amazon region (aPR:1.38; 95%CI:1.16-1.64), resides in rural areas (aPR:3.34; 95%CI:2.61-4.29), presents less than 6 prenatal care (aPR:1.66; 95%CI:1.39 -1.96), it is very poor (aPR:9.62; 95%CI:5.13-18.1) or poor (aPR:2.39; 95%CI:1.26-4.52), it has not studied (aPR:2.66; 95%CI:2.02-3.50) or reached primary education (aPR:2.18: 95%CI:1.85-2.58) and has 2 children (aPR:1.64; 95%CI:1.46-1.85) or 3 or more children (aPR:2.18; 95%CI:1.67-2.87). On the other hand, having higher educational instruction (aPR:0.49; 95%CI:0.31-0.78) is associated with a lower probability of a home birth.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a low proportion of home births; however, this indicator increases significantly according to various geographical, sociodemographic, and obstetric factors that have been identified.
Learning Design for Sustainable Development
Authors: Crick Ruth , McDermott Tom , Hutchison Nicole
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to theorise an approach to learning design for formal education and training contexts, which can empower the student-led acquisition of competences for sustainable development with particular reference to engineering education. Design: the paper presents a conceptual framework which synthesises two extant bodies of empirical research (i) into the development of systems engineering proficiencies and (ii) the development of learning power and authentic enquiry. Findings: Bringing these two research-based bodies of knowledge together enables the conceptualisation of a practical learning design which integrates the development of self-leadership, learning relationships and complex problem solving for sustainable futures. These two approaches, and their synthesis, have been implemented in practice but not reported on or theorised before.Originality: This transdisciplinary theoretical study was undertaken by the original researchers to integrate and transcend the limitations of disciplinary and siloed approaches to learning design for 21C meta-competencies and to explore a common architecture capable of deployment over time and adaptable to different contexts. Research limitations/implications: Whilst the two strands of research underpinning this synthesis are well researched, the integrated model has yet to be empirically verified through appropriate scientific methodologies.Practical implications: this study provides a foundation for the development of a core curricular spine  to be developed as an accreditation framework in formal education and work-based settings. The development of a rigorous measurement model has significant implications for policy and practice.
Apresentação dos Dossiês
Authors: Vieira Marilandi Maria Mascarello , Marques Circe Mara , Santos Jorge Alejandro , Brostolin Marta Regina , Zancanaro Pieczkowski Tania Mara , Simões Willian
Published: June 2021

Apresentação dos Dossiês
El “Buen Vivir” y los derechos culturales de naturaleza colectiva en el Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano Descolonizador
Authors: Tórtora Aravena Hugo Gennaro
Published: June 2021

Beyond the formal characteristics of the Constitutions that are part of the New Latin American Constitutionalism, the Charters of Ecuador (2008) and Bolivia (2009) are distinguished by a deep emancipatory and decolonizing spirit. One of its most important manifestations has to do with the recognition of cultural rights in indigenous peoples. The above is directly linked to an immemorial principle present in both constitutions, such as Good Living, which tells us about a new relationship with the natural and cultural environment. Among the manifestations of this new cultural deal with indigenous peoples is a plural vision of symbols, languages and nature understood as Mother Earth or Pachamama.
Analysis of Aerial Ropeways by following various Indian and International Codes for Urban Mobility with some Structural Modifications in Monocable Ropeways to make it Safe, Secure, Economical and all Weather Durable
Authors: Bashir Bhat Omair
Published: June 2021

Cable-propelled transit’ (CPT), in particular detachable aerial ropeways are widely employed as transportation systems in alpine areas. In recent years, these transport systems have also been increasingly used in urban areas and are no longer a niche public transportation technology (Hoffmann 2006, Alshalalfah, Shalaby, and Dale 2014). Cable cars systems compete with performance characteristics of other more common urban transport technologies and have the potential to enhance the existing transport provision in cities (O'Connor and Dale 2011). While many applications can be found as transportation systems in airport facilities, and to provide access to tourist attractions, several metropolitan areas have even incorporated gondolas and aerial tramways into their public transport networks. This paper focuses on aerial ropeway systems that operate as a mass transit service (similar to buses, BRT, LRT, etc.) and are part of the public transit systems in their respective cities. Therefore, the analysis and case studies presented in the paper concern systems that are used as a public transit service
Location Based Fake News Detection using Machine Learning
Authors: Nikam Prof. Rohit
Published: June 2021

Now a days lots of crime news incremented. In this system we can easy find which type of crime happened in particular city by using pin code. The easy access and exponential growth of the information available on social media network has made it detect to news or information fake or not. The easy dissemination of shared information has added to exponential growth of its falsification. On social media spreading lots of fake news. Thus it has become research challenge to automatically check detected news or information fake or real. Machine learning plays important role to classify the information in different categories. This paper reviews finding different types of crime news in particular city and detected news fake or real. One more feature is predict the future of crimes.
Design and Development of Light Weight Stirling Engine by using Compressor
Authors: Chavan Mr. Pratik Prakash
Published: June 2021

From the nineteenth century, the mechanical transformation needs an incredible nuclear power creation. The pre-owned advances have a few specialized issues making hurt people and harming materials. There are numerous ways by which altering existing methods will assist with diminishing the uses. The work proposes the best approach to assemble and use the minimal expense Stirling motor for the efficient power energy application. A protected outside burning motor was the creation proposed by Robert Stirling to save human existence and materials. This motor is imagined for working with various temperatures without start inside by squander heat recuperation. It is worked by cyclic pressure and extension measure. The plan interaction includes the plan of chambers, heat expansion, dismissal, proficiency, power yield and some more. This motor is agreeable for individuals since it is very, less loud and minimized in size and alpha motor has more noteworthy proportion contrasted with different sorts. It is elective fuel hotspot for other fuel. This is efficient power energy application. This present’s development and execution trial of an alpha-type Stirling motor.
Production and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide extracted from bacteria isolated in homemade and packed Idli batter
Authors: Priyadharshini Dr. S.
Published: June 2021

Diverse exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing isolates were isolated from an Indian acidic fermented food (Idli) based on the colony morphology. Lactic acid bacteria are non-pathogenic organism widely distributed in nature typically involved in a large number of spontaneous food fermentation. One of the EPS-producing micro flora was selected for further characterization using FT-IR, SEM, TGA and XRD analysis. The effect of pH, salt and temperature on the yellow pigment were studied and these parameters are gently influence the growth of bacterial isolates. In pH the maximum yield of biomass were obtained at pH (8) . In temperature maximum yield at 40 C and in salt concentration (Nacl) the maximum yield were obtained with 2%. Effect of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and reducing power assay influence the growth biomass of the bacteria. In the structural characterization, the FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the α-d-glucose nature of the EPS. The SEM showed smooth surfaces and compact structure. TGA results showed higher degradation temperature of 272.01̊ C. XRD analysis proved the 33.4% crystalline nature of the EPS. All the above characteristics of the EPS produced by L. lactis showed that the EPS is of a good-quality polysaccharide with potential applications in the food industry.
IOT based Bank Locker
Authors: Anand Abhijeet
Published: June 2021

Thistprojecttwilltfocus on effective and secure recognition and controlling the system for the bank locker roomtthattistfullytself-determining.The prohibited entrance intthetlocker roomtcantbe detectedtbytourtsecurity system in the case of robberies. Whenever the robbery takes place, duettotabsencetoftthe prooftbytourtcurrent human operated security systemtthetbankstare nottcapabletto recognizetthe robber. The system willtbetdesigned inteffective waytby recognizing andtcontrollingtillegaltpersonttotaccesstthetlockertfortthetsafetytoftbanktlockertroom.tIntthis,twetproposedtatthree-phasetconformationtoftproceduretfortsmarttlockertusing some registered pattern in mobile app, camera and SMS whichtcheck out the user. Astcomparedttotanytothertprevioustapproachestourtsystemtusestweb App which send a SMS totregistered mobile numbertwhichthighlightstthetsmarttsecurity.
Autonomous Vehicular Corridor using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kashyap Aravind R
Published: June 2021

This project considers the operational impact of Autonomous Vehicles by creating a corridor using the latest network available. The behaviour of these vehicles entering the corridor is monitored at the macroscopic level by modifying the data which can be extracted from the vehicle. This data is made to learn using machine learning called the Time Series Neural Network and the data is used as a parameter to make the vehicles Autonomous. The project resolves the location, develops and demonstrates the collision avoidance of the vehicles using Artificial Intelligence. Autonomous means the vehicles will be able to learn to act accordingly without human intervention
Skin Cancer Diagnosis using SP-SIFT and Machine Learning
Authors: Dhamdhere Miss.  Divya Rajendra
Published: June 2021

Today information handling is become an integral part of our day-to-day life as it is available in abundance. The information from the internet can be used for various purposes from Security to Healthcare management. It can decrease the load on a human being to handle the data manually. So, to highlight the importance of information handling to the society we choose medical field where images are in abundance on the internet. The analysis of images for decision making in medical perspective can be a boon to the medical field and decrease the work of the doctor and increase his productivity to a new level. The cancer has become a menace these days and has become a major health problem. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can be used to provide an insight to the cancer specialist and help him to diagnose the various stages of cancer using images and CAD. So, we thought of designing a CAD system which will help in cancer detection and handling various stages of cancers using cancer images as the backend of our application. We propose to implement it on skin cancer which is an ever-increasing cancer due to pollution and environment changes. To design a successful CAD system for skin cancer, it has to be a combination of image processing and machine learning technologies together. In our proposed system we are going to accumulate a lot of images from various cancer image databases which are available free on the internet and design a cancer database with images put under various stages of skin cancer. After database we will apply SP-SIFT algorithm on it and extract features. This database has to available remotely so we have to maintain this feature set on the cloud. The extracted features will be used to train and get results from SVM and Naïve Bayes. Thus, our results will be divided in three categories melanoma, non-melanoma and benign which define stages of skin cancer. Thus, our system will help and improve the decision making and productivity of a medical practitioner.
Sentiment Analysis of College Reviews using Machine Learning
Authors: Chandurkar Toshita
Published: June 2021

Sentiment analysis is the process of detecting positive or negative or neutral sentiment in text. It’s often used by businesses to detect sentiment in social data, gauge brand reputation, to understand it and make better. Sentiment analysis models focused on polarity (positive, negative and neutral) and even intentions (interested or not interested). Depending on how we wish want to interpret feedback and queries, we will define and tailor your categories to meet your sentiment analysis needs. This paper focuses the reviews of various colleges which are an important form of opinion mining. The essential objective of this paper is to classify every sentence’s semantic orientation (e.g. positive, negative and neutral) of the reviews. It is a very useful analysis since we could possibly determine opinion about various colleges
Lifting of Water at Remote Places using Steam and Compressed Air
Authors: Patil Sandesh
Published: June 2021

Lifting of water at remote places using steam and compressed air .the objectives of this unit is to pump water at remote places. In this project we use turbocharger (turbine& compressor), furnace, water pump, IBR valves and mechanical hardware equipment’s. The main objective is pump water at places where the electricity is not available or available at high cost with the help of steam and compressed air which help to rotate turbine and pump. It can also use to generate electricity at remote places by assembling electrical generator. This thesis also takes into consideration the material used with minimum possible cost. The design of project is such that it can easily dissemble and assemble and easy to operate.
The experience of a medical psychologist in a center for treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Shindrikov R. Yu. , Khilov V. E. , Isaeva E. R. , Teplov V. M. , Karpova E. A. , Tsebrovskaya E. A.
Published: June 2021

Objective. To assess the cognitive and emotional-affective spheres of functioning of patients with a new coronavirus infection who were treated in an infectious COVID hospital and to develop strategies for emergency psychological assistance.

Materials and methods. The study sample consisted of patients admitted to the Center for the treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) of I.P.Pavlov First St.-Petersburg State Medical University, who were assigned a consultation with a medical psychologist.

Results. The predictors of more pronounced cognitive decline were determined: older age and severity of the disease, as well as predictors of a higher level of anxiety and depressive symptoms: younger age, previous traumatic situation and more severe course of the disease. Three main problem areas have been identified that require psychological intervention in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: cognitive impairment, high anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with psychological trauma of patients, conflicting or non-adherent patients.
Modeling of forecasting the development of the HIV epidemic process in a region with a high level of HIV infection as a determinant of the direction of anti-epidemic measure
Authors: Kondratova S. Ye. , Marchenko A. N. , Melnikova E. N.
Published: June 2021

Aim. Identification of opportunities to influence the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection.

Materials and methods. Mathematical modeling and statistical analysis methods were used to assess the epidemiological situation forecast. In addition, the work uses methods of epidemiological research: analytical, descriptive and evaluative, statistical observation method with the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, a continuous observational retrospective epidemiological study in the volume of the General population over a long period.

Results. A retrospective analysis of the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in a region with a high level of HIV infection over a 26-year period since the first case was registered in 1993 showed that a concentrated stage of the epidemic has formed in the region at the present stage with an average annual rate of HIV growth of +259,9% against the national rate of +31,4%. By the end of 2018 a characteristic trend in the age structure of HIV is to reduce the proportion of persons aged up to 24 years, the prevalence of persons 35–44 years of age, a notable increase of the age group 55–64 years with a predominance of women infected by heterosexual sex (55,8 per cent). Predicting the epidemiological situation in relation to the age structure of HIV-infected people until 2023 showed a steady trend towards an increase in the HIV-positive age group up to 14 years, 40– 49 years, 50 years and older. There is a fairly high rate of HIV transmission among women.

Conclusions. At the present stage of development of the epidemic process of HIV infection, the main share of HIV-infected people is 35–44 years old (72,4%). The results obtained during the study of predicting the development of the epidemic situation with regard to HIV infection until 2023 allow us to focus the anti-epidemic work of epidemiologically significant age groups.