bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time measurement of cellular bioenergetics in fully differentiated human nasal epithelial cells grown at air-liquid-interface
Authors: Mavin Emily , Verdon Bernard , Carrie Sean , Saint-Criq Vinciane , Powell Jason , Kuttruff Christian A. , Ward Chris , Garnett James P. , Miwa Satomi
Published: April 2020

Shifts in cellular metabolic phenotypes have the potential to cause disease-driving processes in respiratory disease. The respiratory epithelium is particularly susceptible to metabolic shifts in disease, but our understanding of these processes is limited by the incompatibility of the technology required to measure metabolism in real-time with the cell culture platforms used to generate differentiated respiratory epithelial cell types. Thus, to date, our understanding of respiratory epithelial metabolism has been restricted to that of basal epithelial cells in submerged culture, or via indirect end point metabolomics readouts in lung tissue. Here we present a novel methodology using the widely available Seahorse Analyzer platform to monitor real-time changes in the cellular metabolism of fully differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI). We show increased glycolytic, but not mitochondrial, ATP production rates in response to physiologically relevant increases in glucose availability. We also show that pharmacological inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase is able to reduce glucose-induced shifts toward aerobic glycolysis. This method is timely given the recent advances in our understanding of new respiratory epithelial subtypes that can only be observed in vitro through culture at ALI and will open new avenues to measure real-time metabolic changes in healthy and diseased respiratory epithelium, and in turn the potential for the development of novel therapeutics targeting metabolic-driven disease phenotypes.
Fine-wire recordings of flexor hallucis brevis motor units up to maximal voluntary contraction reveal a flexible, nonrigid mechanism for force control
Authors: Aeles J. , Kelly L. A. , Yoshitake Y. , Cresswell A. G.
Published: April 2020

We recorded for the first time single motor unit action potential trains in the flexor hallucis brevis, a short toe muscle, over the full range of maximum voluntary contraction. Its motor units are recruited up to very high (98%) recruitment thresholds with a substantial range of discharge rates. We further show high variability with crossover of discharge rates as a function of recruitment threshold both between participants and between motor units within participants.
When 90% of the variance is not enough: residual EMG from muscle synergy extraction influences task performance
Authors: Barradas Victor R. , Kutch Jason J. , Kawase Toshihiro , Koike Yasuharu , Schweighofer Nicolas
Published: April 2020

The muscle synergy hypothesis posits that the central nervous system simplifies motor control by grouping muscles into modules. Current techniques use dimensionality reduction, such that the identified synergies reconstruct 90% of the muscle activity. We show that residual muscle activity following such identification can have a large systematic effect on movements, even when the number of synergies approaches the number of muscles. Current synergy extraction techniques must therefore be updated to identify true physiological synergies.
GABAergic neurons of the medullary raphe regulate active expiration during hypercapnia
Authors: Silva Josiane do N. , Oliveira Luiz M. , Souza Felipe C. , Moreira Thiago S. , Takakura Ana C.
Published: April 2020

Medullary raphe has been involved in the inspiratory response to central chemoreflex; however, these reports have never addressed the role of raphe neurons on active expiration induced by hypercapnia. Here, we showed that a subset of GABA cells within the medullary raphe directly project to the parafacial respiratory region, modulating active expiration under high levels of CO2.
Faster Calculation of the Low-Frequency Radiated Sound Power of Underwater Slender Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Tang Rui , Tian He , Shang Dajing
Published: April 2020

Based on the fact that beam-type modes play the main role in determining the sound radiation from an underwater thin slender (length-to-radius ratio L/a>20) elastic cylindrical shell, an equivalent-beam method is proposed for calculating the low-frequency radiated sound power of underwater thin slender unstiffened and stiffened cylindrical shells. The natural bending frequencies of the cylindrical shell are calculated by analytical and numerical methods and used to solve equivalent Young’s modulus of the equivalent beam. This approach simplifies the vibration problem of the three-dimensional cylindrical shell into that of a two-dimensional beam, which can be used to simplify the calculation process of radiated sound power. Added mass is used to approximate the fluid-structure coupling, further simplifying the calculation process. Calculation examples of underwater simply supported unstiffened and stiffened cylindrical shells verify the proposed method by comparison with analytical and numerical results. Finally, the effects of the size and spacing of the stiffeners on the sound radiation characteristics of underwater free-free stiffened cylindrical shells are discussed. The proposed method can be extended to the rapid calculation of the sound radiation characteristics of underwater slender complex cylindrical shells in the low-frequency range.
Investment Risk Assessment of Dispersed Wind Power in Low Wind Speed Area Using a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach Based on Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Environment
Authors: Liu Lingyun , Zhou Jianli , Dong Haoxin , Tao Yao , Wu Yunna , Wang Yang
Published: April 2020

Reducing the phenomenon of wind curtailment is essential to improve the level of wind power consumption. Wind power development in China has shifted to southeast region and dispersed wind power has developed rapidly and gradually become the new main force. However, various obstacles limit the smooth progress of dispersed wind power in low wind speed area. An important point is the absence of targeted risk analysis and evaluation methods. Therefore, the principal contribution of this paper is to find out the critical risk factors of such projects and propose the risk assessment model. First, 18 critical risk factors are identified using the constructed five-dimensional risk analysis model. Second, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set with credibility is utilized to collect evaluation information on one hand and to improve the multicriteria decision-making methods involved on the other hand. Third, the risk evaluation and ranking for 10 provinces that mainly develop dispersed wind power is carried out. The evaluation results indicate that the risk level of dispersed wind power projects is “Relatively Low” in most study provinces and the risk levels of Guangdong and Fujian are higher. It is worth noting that the consistency between the evaluation results and the distribution of wind resources can be used to guide the formulation of stimulus policies. Besides, the ranking results show some preference for investment choice. Finally, dual sensitivity analysis tests the stability of the model and shows the ranking results under different decision preferences. Scenario analysis gives the possible risk scenarios and evaluation results in the future. This study can provide insightful inspiration to wind power investors, risk management practitioners, and policymakers.
Impact of Consensus Papers versus Randomized Trials in Critical Care Nephrology
Authors: Kellum John A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Reports of consensus conferences are usually valued less than reports of clinical trials even when rigorous methodology is used. However, limited data are available comparing the impact of these 2 methods of shaping clinical practice. Objective: Compare the publication impact of consensus conferences and clinical trials. Methods: Consensus publications from the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) from 2002 through 2017 were identified and classified by subject matter. Randomized trials were identified in the same publication year and subject in journals, starting with the highest impact factor. Both publication types were matched, and total citations were determined for each using Google Scholar. A secondary analysis compared total costs for each publication type. Results and Conclusions: Seventeen ADQI consensus conference reports and 17 randomized trials were identified. ADQI reports received a similar number of citations per paper (median, interquartile range) compared to randomized trials (132, 54–228; vs. 159, 60–340, p = ns). Similarly, 10 (58.8%) ADQI reports and 10 randomized trials were cited >100 times. On average, ADQI reports appeared in journals with lower impact factors compared to clinical trials (5.4 ± 4.6 vs. 25.4 ± 27.1; p < 0.01). The median cost per citation (USD 2017) for ADQI reports was USD 606.01 compared to almost twice this figure, USD 1,182.59, for clinical trials on the same topics (p = 0.09). Despite being published in lower impact factor journals, consensus reports on topics in critical care nephrology, received similar citations to randomized controlled trials published the same year.
BILINGUALISM AND INTERFERENCE AS TENDENCIES OF LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN CONDITIONS OF EDUCATIONAL INTERNATIONALIZATION
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Tsaryk O. M. , Rybina N. V.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the study of bilingualism and interference problems in the development of modern society. The paper elaborates a theoretical background for the analysis of those two phenomena. As a result, the research has found that in the process of intercultural/interlingual communication there is an inevitable clash of two languages, the result of which is a new cognitive emotional language cultural space, which is a manifestation of interference. The paper has also proposed solutions to the problem of interfered speech. It has been given the available programs for foreign languages improvement as well as recommendations for future studying of these very problems.
Influence of lower limb dominance and physical activity level on flexibility in healthy subjects
Authors: Neto Tiago , Melo Ana Lisa , Damião Ricardo , Silva-Batista Carla
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the present study was to verify the influence of lower limb dominance and physical activity (PA) levels on flexibility in healthy young subject. Ninety-nine university students (46 males and 53 females) volunteered for this study. Hip flexion range of motion (ROM) during the passive straight leg raise test was used to estimate lower limb flexibility. PA levels were determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The dominant limb of the subjects with high PA levels had higher flexibility values than the dominant and non-dominant limb of the subjects with low PA levels (p = 0.026 and p = 0.011, respectively) and the non-dominant limb of the subjects with moderate PA levels (p = 0.038). Thus, this investigation shows that lower limb dominance and PA levels have an influence on the flexibility. High flexibility values were observed in the dominant limb of the subjects with high PA levels. Therefore, this information may be useful when planning injury prevention or rehabilitation protocols for subjects with different PA levels and lower limb flexibility asymmetries.
Effect of ceramic-impregnated clothing on a 10 km running performance
Authors: Furlan Julia Pedrosa , Mezzaroba Paulo Victor , Conrado Luiz Augusto , Machado Fabiana Andrade
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to analyze the effects of using bioceramic clothing on the 10 km running performance. Ten healthy young males (age 27.9 ± 4.2 years; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass 73.0 ± 7.5 kg; body mass index (BMI) 23.5 ± 2.3 kg·m2 and body fat 19.3 ± 4.2 %) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants visited the track for three 10 km performances under different conditions: bioceramic clothes (CER), placebo (PLA) and personal clothes (C). Test order was randomized and subjects were blind to the intervention condition, except for the C. Friedman’s test or ANOVA for repeated measures were used to compare the conditions. Minimal detectable change and Effect Size were also calculated. Results: No statistical differences were found. Minimal detectable change analysis suggested a “Possible” reduction in time for the CER condition (C – 52.3 ± 4.1; PLA – 53.1 ± 5.0; CER 51.4 ± 3.8 minutes). Lactate concentration analysis showed a faster removal when subjects were using bioceramic clothes. DOMS was rated as “Possible” higher in the CER condition, and the Session Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPESession) was also higher in that condition, rated as “Small” through Cohen’s Effect Size analysis (C – 425.7 ± 74.8; PLA – 426.6 ± 87.5; CER – 440.1 ± 42.5 A.U.). Conclusion: Results suggest that the use of bioceramic clothes might improve running performance. Further studies are necessary to determine ideal dosage such as time of use and factors influencing absorption.
Educoração: histórias, experiências e partilhas de aprendizagem e afetividade na escola
Authors: Batista Janir Coutinho , Nunes Junior Paulo Cezar , Prodócimo Elaine
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a proposta do Educoração, projeto criado para atuar no desenvolvimento afetivo da criança que se utiliza de diversas ferramentas (canções, rodas de conversa, jogos cooperativos, posturas de yoga e contação de histórias) a ser realizado no contexto escolar. A implementação da proposta ocorreu em uma escola pública do município de Cerquilho (SP), em 8 encontros de uma hora e meia de duração, com frequência semanal e participaram 23 crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante e como procedimentos metodológicos foram feitas observações com registro de campo, entrevistas com professora da turma e diretora da escola e questionários. Os dados obtidos foram interpretados por meio da análise de conteúdo e organizados em três grandes categorias de análise: empatia, autoestima e aprendizagem. Os resultados mostraram que, somadas à participação do professor, as dinâmicas da proposta influenciaram na afetividade infantil e promoveram uma melhora no cotidiano da sala de aula. As atividades do Educoração contribuíram de maneira direta para que fossem abordados diversos aspectos relativos à afetividade e ao convívio das crianças na escola. Além da mudança nas relações entre as crianças e a professora e, da maior atenção de uns com os outros, a professora relatou que depois das intervenções conseguiu realizar seu trabalho com maior engajamento e interesse dos alunos, fato que permitiu que o projeto se ramificasse para outras turmas na escola.
Participando da esporteterapia: percepção de pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral
Authors: Brandão Marina De Brito , Câmara Guilherme Maia Sette , Ribeiro Márcio Cançado Valadares , Mancini Marisa Cotta
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a percepção de pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral de grave comprometimento motor sobre a participação de seus filhos nas atividades da esporteterapia na Associação Mineira de Reabilitação (AMR). Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo com doze pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral de grave comprometimento motor. As crianças frequentavam semanalmente as aulas de esporteterapia na AMR. Entrevistas semiestruturadas com os pais das crianças foram realizadas e compreenderam questões relacionadas às suas expectativas acerca do serviço e entendimento das atividades propostas, aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados à participação das crianças nas atividades, possíveis mudanças percebidas pelos pais após a entrada da criança nas aulas de esporteterapia e sugestões de melhorias do serviço. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Foram evidenciadas três categorias temáticas: (1) Esporte, reabilitação ou socialização através do brincar?; (2) Facilitadores e barreiras para participação na esporteterapia; (3) Socialização, comportamento e movimento. As famílias apontaram que a participação das crianças no serviço de esporteterapia promoveu benefícios relacionados aos aspectos motores, ao comportamento e à socialização das crianças. A relação entre os instrutores de esporteterapia e as crianças e suas famílias parece ser elemento importante para promoção da participação das crianças nas atividades. Tais informações podem subsidiar a promoção de atividades esportivas em serviços de reabilitação voltados para crianças com deficiência.
A Pós-Graduação Profissional em Música
Authors: Fagerlande Aloysio
Published: April 2020

O texto apresenta o estado da arte da pós-graduação profissional em música no Brasil, através de atualização de trabalho apresentado em mesa-redonda no XXVIII Congresso da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Música, realizada em 2018 na Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Sua complementação se dá com a apresentação dos trabalhos finais desenvolvidos no Programa de Pós-graduação Profissional em Música-PROMUS, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ.
General position of Croatian medical biochemistry laboratories on autovalidation
Authors: Rimac Vladimira , Jokic Anja , Podolar Sonja , Vlasic Tanaskovic Jelena , Honovic Lorena , Lenicek Krleza Jasna
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Autovalidation (AV) is an algorithm based on predefined rules designed, among others, to automate and standardize the postanalytical phase of laboratory work. The aim of this study was to examine the overall opinion of Croatian medical biochemistry laboratories regarding various aspects of AV. Material and methods: This retrospective study is an analysis of the responses of a survey about AV comprised of 18 questions, as part of Module 10 (“Postanalytical phase of laboratory testing”) of national External Quality Assessment program, administered by the Croatian Centre for Quality Assessment in Laboratory Medicine. Results were reported as percentages of total number of participants in survey or as proportions of observed data if the overall number of data was <100. Results: 121 laboratories responded to the survey, of which 76% do not use AV, while 11% of laboratories use AV in routine laboratory work. 16/29 laboratories implemented semi-automated AV for general biochemistry (7/29), haematology (5/29), and coagulation (4/29) tests. Analytical measurement ranges, critical values, flags from analysers, interference indices and delta check were the most commonly used rules in the algorithm. 12/29 laboratories performed validation of AV with less than 500 samples (8/29). 7/13 laboratories report the percentage of AV being 20-50%, while 10/13 answered that introduction of AV significantly reduced turnaround time (TAT) (for 20 - 25%), especially for biochemistry tests. Conclusions: Despite of its numerous benefits (i.e. shorter TAT, less manual validation, standardization of the postanalytical phase), only a small number of Croatian laboratories use AV.
Case report of spuriously low sodium and calcium in a 36-year-old male in primary care
Authors: Costelloe Seán J. , McCarthy Kelly , O’Connell Marguerite , Butler Mark
Published: April 2020

An unseparated serum specimen for a 36-year-old male was received from primary care. The specimen arrived in the laboratory at Cork University Hospital one day after collection, as documented on the paper request card, and was promptly centrifuged. Analysis was delayed for three days due to operational constraints and serum indices were run at the same time as the biochemical analyses. Results showed a moderately haemolysed specimen with remarkably low concentrations of both sodium (119 mmol/L) and total calcium (1.15 mmol/L), with all other parameters within their appropriate reference intervals (RIs). The complete report was released electronically and both sodium and calcium results were phoned to, and acknowledged by, the requesting general practitioner (GP). Discussion between the medical scientists and clinical biochemist on duty raised the possibility that the specimen was significantly older than initially thought. Further discussion of results with the GP clarified that the documented time of collection corresponded with specimen receipt by the courier, rather than the time of phlebotomy. Thus, the specimen was 7 days old when received in the laboratory and 10 days old when analysed. This case illustrates the dangers of multiple convergent preanalytical errors. Laboratories should be mindful of the stability of analytes in unseparated blood and unusual patterns of results which might suggest a specimen is “old”, and that this may coexist with erroneous request information. Any potential adverse effects on patient care were prevented in this case by laboratory vigilance.
Antes del Arte in Spain (1968–1969): Merging Art, Science and Politics in the Heat of the Cold War
Authors: López Paula Barreiro
Published: April 2020

This article concerns Antes del Arte, a vanguard Spanish art group that existed from 1968 to 1969. Through specific examples, the author explains the group's history and theoretical basis as well as its artistic production. Discussing the references taken from contemporary aesthetic scientific theories, the author analyzes the substantial theoretical framework that the art critic Vicente Aguilera Cerni introduced into the group's manifestos. Finally, she addresses the specific role that the interactions between the artistic and the scientific fields had in the context of Spain's Franco regime.
A new species of Tyloperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Guangxi, China, with a redescription of the male of T. sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993
Authors: MO RAORAO , WANG GUOQUAN , LI WEIHAI
Published: April 2020

One new species of the genus Tyloperla Sivec & Stark, 1988, T. bilobata sp. nov., is described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China. The new species is compared with related taxon. A redescription of the adult male of T. sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993 is also presented.
The State of Data Science in Genomic Nursing
Authors: Dreisbach Caitlin , Koleck Theresa A.
Published: April 2020

Nurse scientists are generating, acquiring, distributing, processing, storing, and analyzing greater volumes of complex omics data than ever before. To take full advantage of big omics data, to address core biological questions, and to enhance patient care, however, genomic nurse scientists must embrace data science. Intended for readership with limited but expanding data science knowledge and skills, this article aims to provide a brief overview of the state of data science in genomic nursing. Our goal is to introduce key data science concepts to genomic nurses who participate at any stage of the data science lifecycle, from research patient recruitment to data wrangling, preprocessing, and analysis to implementation in clinical practice to policy creation. We address three major components in this review: (1) fundamental terminology for the field of genomic nursing data science, (2) current genomic nursing data science research exemplars, and (3) the spectrum of genomic nursing data science roles as well as education pathways and training opportunities. Links to helpful resources are included throughout the article.
Long-term survival of femoral neck fracture patients aged over ninety years: Arthroplasty compared with nonoperative treatment
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Chong-wei , Zhao Xiao-dan
Published: April 2020

Background

The aging of the Chinese population is expected to lead to an increase in nonagenarians and centenarians. The mortality rate in nonagenarian hip fracture patients is equivalent to the mortality rate in the average population at 5 years after injury. It is imperative to evaluate 5-year mortality in this small but very challenging subgroup of patients to optimize patient management. The primary purpose of the current retrospective study was to compare five-year survival in patients aged over 90 years who received arthroplasty or nonoperative treatment for femoral neck fracture during a 16-year period.

Methods

From January 1998 to December 2014, all consecutive nonagenarian and centenarian patients with femoral neck fracture admitted to our hospital were included in the evaluation. The primary outcome was defined as thirty-day, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year mortality after injury. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Using the log-rank test, stratified analyses were performed to compare differences in the overall cumulative mortality and mortality at three time points (1 year, 3 years, and 5 years) after injury and differences in survival distributions.

Results

Over the 16-year study period, the arthroplasty group and the nonoperative treatment group included 33 and 53 patients, respectively. The long-term survival probability of the arthroplasty group was significantly higher than that of the nonoperative treatment group (p = 0.002). The survival time of the arthroplasty group was significantly higher than that of the nonoperative treatment group (median (P75-P25) = 53 (59) versus median (P75-P25) = 22 (52), p = 0.001). The mortality differences, except for 30-day mortality, at five time points (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years) between the nonoperative group and arthroplasty group were significant. The stratified analyses of overall cumulative mortality and mortality at three time points (1, 3, and 5 years) after injury demonstrated that the nonoperative treatment group had significantly higher cumulative mortality than the arthroplasty group.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that arthroplasty is more likely to improve long-term survival in femoral neck fracture patients aged over 90 years than nonoperative treatment. It can be expected that nearly half of patients will survive more than 5 years after surgery.
Corporate political activity of the baby food industry: the example of Nestlé in the United States of America
Authors: Tanrikulu Hacer , Neri Daniela , Robertson Aileen , Mialon Melissa
Published: April 2020

Background

The marketing practices of the breastmilk substitutes industry have been known for decades, but little is known about the influence of the baby food industry, more generally, on public health policy, research and practice, also known as ‘corporate political activity’ (CPA). In this study, the baby food industry refers to for-profit companies that manufacture, market or distribute breastmilk substitutes and food products for infants and young children under two years. In addition, trade associations, public relations firms, marketing agencies and individuals or groups affiliated with the baby food industry are also considered to be part of the baby food industry. The aim of the current study was to systematically identify and monitor the CPA of the baby food industry in the USA, shown by the activities of Nestlé, the largest industry actor in this sector in the country.

Methods

The case study consisted of an analysis of publicly available information for data published between January and November 2018. We included documents from the industry, the government and other sources, including professional organisations, charities and consumer associations. We analysed data using an existing framework to classify the CPA of the food industry.

Results

During the period of data collection, Nestlé employed a list of action-based ‘instrumental strategies’. The most prominent strategy was ‘information strategy’, used to fund, produce and disseminate industry-preferred information. Nestlé was further found to ‘establish relationships with key opinion leaders and health organisations, and the media’, ‘seek involvement in community’ and directly influence policies and programs through indirect access and the placement of actors in government policy settings. The company also used argument-based ‘discursive strategies’ to frame the debate on diet- and public health-related issues.

Conclusion

This study showed that Nestlé used various CPA strategies which may have influenced public health policy, research and practice in ways favourable to the baby food industry. These results could be used to further recognise and pre-empt the influence of corporations on health, in order to ensure that commercial interests do not prevail over public health goals.
Rapid assessment checklist for green roof ecosystem services in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Phoomirat Rattanapan , Disyatat Nipada Ruankaew , Park Tae Yoon , Lee Dong Kun , Dumrongrojwatthana Pongchai
Published: April 2020

Background

A green roof is a man-made ecosystem created when a rooftop is covered with substrate and vegetation. Although green roof ecosystems (GREs) are able to provide ecosystem services, there is currently no assessment tool available to specifically evaluate this. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid assessment checklist (RAC) to assess GRE services (GRES), which was developed and tested on 10 green roofs in Bangkok, Thailand.

Results

The RAC consisted of 46 proxy indicators (33 qualitative and 13 quantitative indicators) encompassing various aspects of GRESs. The GRES values or scores varied according to structural differences in the green roofs. The average score (from a maximum of 100) of total ecosystem services was 61 ± 7, which could be inferred as a good performance in ecosystem service provision. The highest scores were obtained from the regulating services at 68 ± 7. The lowest average score was 53 ± 11 from the provisioning services.

Conclusions

The RAC was able to evaluate the levels of GRES provided by the selected green roofs, enabling the meaningful comparison of their potential capability to provide GRES. Therefore, this RAC could be an innovative tool for evaluation of four categories of GRES.
ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 intersect in the regulation of cell migration and angiogenesis
Authors: Lambert Jordi , Makin Kate , Akbareian Sophia , Johnson Robert , Alghamdi Abdullah A. A. , Robinson Stephen D. , Edwards Dylan R.
Published: April 2020

ADAMTS-1 is an extracellular protease with critical roles in organogenesis and angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate a functional convergence of ADAMTS-1 and the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 in influencing adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Knockdown of ADAMTS-1 in endothelial cells resulted in a parallel reduction in cell surface syndecan-4, attributable to increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activity. Knockdown of either ADAMTS-1 or syndecan-4 increased cellular responses to vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGFA164, and increased ex vivo aortic ring microvessel sprouting. On fibronectin, knockdown of either protein enhanced migration and promoted formation of long α5 integrin-containing fibrillar adhesions. However, integrin α5 null cells still showed increased migration in response to ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 siRNA treatment. Plating of naïve endothelial cells on cell-conditioned matrix from ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 knockdown cells demonstrated that the altered adhesive behaviour was matrix dependent, and this correlated with a lack of expression of fibulin-1: an extracellular matrix co-factor for ADAMTS-1 that is known to inhibit migration. These findings support the notion that ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 are functionally interconnected in regulating cell migration and angiogenesis, via collaboration with MMP9 and fibulin-1.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Development of the Building Materials Market Research System
Authors: Mishlanova Marina , Veleva A.
Published: April 2020

The building materials market research is a complex process, one of the main problems of which is the collection and processing of information. The article presents a characteristic of the methods of analysis of this market. The aim of the study was to develop an integrated approach and methods for analyzing the building materials market to ensure the development of the construction materials sector and the construction industry as a whole. The analysis made it possible to develop indirect methods of market research based on indicators of realized demand and realized supply. The triune methodical complex includes: the method of material costs of the executor of construction and installation works, the method of economic results of the manufacturer of building materials and the analysis of the market of final construction products. The proposed indirect methods, combined with direct methods, constitute a system for researching the construction materials market.
Improving access to primary care services for those on low income: voluntary advocacy
Authors: George Thomas , Aveyard Helen
Published: April 2020

Nurses in primary care are often the first point of access for those seeking health care, and it is well known that accessing health services can be difficult for some, especially those on a low income. A charity initiative has been developed in a low-income area in England to help such individuals, wherein volunteers help local residents to access local services and support. This study explores the experiences of service users in order to understand their perceptions and feelings about the service, using an instrumental case study method with semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were collected from six service users and transcribed by the researcher for subsequent thematic analysis. The participants' experiences were characterised by reduced social isolation, reduced emotional distress, improved mobility and transport options, improved confidence and control over life, and effective management of memory issues. Various aspects of advocacy and empowerment were also observed. Further, the coping strategies used by the participants while facing the challenges of social isolation and ageing were highlighted. The findings provide important insight into the support needs of populations on low income, the ways in which they access healthcare and how the volunteer service can best support them.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: April 2020

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
High-efficiency aerial display using a liquid crystal polarization grating, a retroreflector array, and a right-angle prism
Authors: Sakamoto Moritsugu , Yamada Koya , Momosaki Ryusei , Noda Kohei , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Tanaka Yoshichika , Sakai Takeya , Hattori Yukitoshi , Ono Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

An aerial display scheme consisting of an orthogonal circular polarization grating (OCPG), a waveplate, a retroreflector array (RRA), and a right-angle prism (RAP) was developed. Because of the OCPG’s functionality, retroreflected light from the RRA is transmitted through the RAP boundary surface by avoiding the total reflection condition. The proposed system can potentially increase optical throughput to 100% by designing the boundary surface incidence angle to be Brewster’s angle. The scheme’s feasibility was demonstrated experimentally using an OCPG and waveplate that were fabricated from polymer liquid crystal with optical anisotropy using a photoalignment technique. The scheme should be used as a type of aerial display that is compatible with polarization-diffractive elements called Pancharatnam–Berry phase elements.
Hue linearity of color spaces for wide color gamut and high dynamic range media
Authors: Zhao Baiyue , Luo Ming Ronnier
Published: April 2020

Hue linearity is an important property of uniform color spaces such that hues perceived to be similar should be located on a straight line, an iso-hue line, in that space. Previously derived hue linearity data only cover a limited color gamut. Two new psychophysical experiments were conducted that used a wide color gamut (WCG) and high dynamic range (HDR) display to extend the color range using both hue matching and unitary hue estimation methods. The new data were used to evaluate the CIELAB, CAM16-UCS, IPT, and

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uniform color spaces. The experimental results indicated that IPT and

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outperformed the other two, especially in the blue region. The same method was used to test these spaces using the other published data sets. The results from different data sets gave similar results. Finally, all results were combined to form a normalized data set to represent the data under HDR and WCG display conditions. Furthermore, the four unitary hue data can be used to develop or refine color appearance models.
Double end-mirror sloshing cavity for optical dilution of thermal noise in mechanical resonators
Authors: Trahanas Parris E. , Zhao Chunnong , Ju Li , Blair David G.
Published: April 2020

The sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors at high frequencies is currently limited by quantum shot noise. It has been shown theoretically that white light signal recycling using optomechanical negative dispersion filter cavities can increase the gain-bandwidth product of gravitational wave detectors that is usually limited by conventional signal recycling. This sensitivity enhancement is most pronounced at high frequencies above 500 Hz. This technology could be implemented in current facilities or future detectors, but requires thermal noise dilution of the mechanical resonator. Here we provide a theoretical analysis of a double end-mirror sloshing (DEMS) cavity to achieve strong thermal noise dilution with low radiation pressure noise and suppression of optical anti-damping. We demonstrate experimentally that the DEMS cavity can be tuned to a regime that is expected to support these favorable conditions.
Compact magneto-optical trap with a quartz vacuum chamber for miniature gravimeters
Authors: Weng Kanxing , Wu Bin , Lin Jiahong , Zhou Yin , Cheng Bing , Lin Qiang
Published: April 2020

The realization of a compact magneto-optical trap (MOT) with a quartz vacuum chamber via ultra-low power of a cooling laser is reported. The dependence of the properties of the MOT on key experimental parameters is investigated. The efficiency of capturing atoms of the novel MOT is compared with that of the metal vacuum chamber. The compact quartz vacuum chamber can achieve a maximum rubidium (

87

R
b

) atomic loading rate of about

8
×

10
9

/

s

with less than 60 mW of the total power of cooling lasers, while the metal chamber obtains the maximum atomic loading rate of about

3
×

10
9

/

s

with more than 240 mW of the total power of cooling lasers. The compact apparatus avoids undesired effects found in a metal chamber, such as high power consumption and the magnetic-field eddy current effect. This compact MOT is helpful in the design of miniature atomic gravimeters.
Quantum efficiency of black silicon photodiodes at VUV wavelengths
Authors: Tsang T. , Bolotnikov A. , Haarahiltunen A. , Heinonen J.
Published: April 2020

Black silicon (b-Si) is an emerging material made by modifying silicon with nanostructures for improved photon detection. It has been demonstrated that when used in photodetectors b-Si significantly improves photon detection and extends spectral sensitivity from NIR to the visible wavelengths. However, no data have been reported in the Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) range, which is increasingly becoming important for many applications. Here, we have measured the spectral response of n-type b-Si light-trapping photodiodes under VUV radiation at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The device exhibited a near-unity quantum efficiency above the 1.1 eV intrinsic bandgap of silicon. Quantum efficiency increased linearly with photon energy above the electron-hole pair creation energy of silicon ∼3.6 eV and the device had a responsivity of 0.2 A/W at 175 nm at room temperature in vacuum. These results demonstrate new technology in UV detection and could pave way for the development of a high quantum efficiency black silicon photomultiplier device (b-SiPM) needed for direct VUV photon detection in noble gas and liquid scintillating detectors.
Multi-channel surface plasmon resonance biosensor using prism-based wavelength interrogation
Authors: Li Jieyao , Han Dandan , Zeng Junyi , Deng Jinan , Hu Ning , Yang Jun
Published: April 2020

A portable multi-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor device using prism-based wavelength interrogation is presented. LEDs were adopted as a simple and inexpensive light source, providing a stable spectrum bandwidth for the SPR system. The parallel light was obtained by a collimated unit and illuminated on the sensing chip at a specific angle. A simple, compact and cost-effective spectrometer part constituted of a series of lenses and a prism was designed for the collection of reflected light. Using the multi-channel microfluidic chip as the sensing component, spectral images of multiple tests could be acquired simultaneously, improving the signal processing and detection throughput. Different concentrations of sodium chloride aqueous solution were used to calibrate the device. The linear detection range was 4.32 × 10−2 refractive index units (RIU) and the limit of detection was 6.38 × 10−5 RIU. Finally, the performance of the miniaturized SPR system was evaluated by the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG).
Design and experimental demonstration of a silicon multi-dimensional (de)multiplexer for wavelength-, mode- and polarization-division (de)multiplexing
Authors: He Yu , Zhang Yong , Wang Hongwei , Sun Lu , Su Yikai
Published: April 2020

Leveraging the physical dimensions of an optical carrier (e.g., wavelength, mode, or polarization) allows significant scaling of the transmission capacity for optical communications. Here we propose a scheme for implementing on-chip silicon (de)multiplexers with simultaneous wavelength-, mode-, and polarization-division (de)multiplexing capability. The device is constructed by using cascaded subwavelength grating (SWG)-based contra-directional couplers. To verify the feasibility of the proposed structure, we perform a proof-of-concept experiment of an 8-channel (de)multiplexer with two wavelengths, two modes, and two polarizations. The insertion losses are lower than 6.6 dB and the crosstalk values are below

−
18.7

d
B

at around 1540 nm and 1550 nm for all the eight channels.
Microfluidic flow direction and rate vector sensor based on a partially gold-coated TFBG
Authors: Shen Changyu , Liu Dejun , Lian Xiaokang , Lang Tingting , Zhao Chunliu , Semenova Yuliya , Albert Jacques
Published: April 2020

In microfluidic chips applications, the monitoring of the rate and the direction of a microfluidic flow is very important. Here, we demonstrate a liquid flow rate and a direction sensor using a partially gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) as the sensing element. Wavelength shifts and amplitude changes of the TFBG transmission resonances in the near infrared reveal the direction of the liquid flowing along the fiber axis in the vicinity of the TFBG due to a nanoscale gold layer over part of the TFBG. For a device length of 10 mm (and a diameter of 125 µm for easy insertion into microfluidic channels), the flow rates and the direction can be detectable unequivocally. The TFBG waveguiding properties allow such devices to function in liquids with refractive indices ranging from 1.33 to about 1.40. In addition, the proposed sensor can be made inherently temperature-insensitive by referencing all wavelengths to the wavelength of the core mode resonance of the grating, which is isolated from the fiber surroundings.
Assessment of biosecurity measures in broiler's farms in the Suez Canal area – Egypt using a seasonal prevalence of Salmonellosis
Authors: Soliman Essam S. , Abdallah Mona S.
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: Biosecurity practices are a must in broiler farms to reduce the risk of infectious agents. This study aimed to evaluate biosecurity measures in nine broiler farms in the Suez Canal area – Egypt with measuring the seasonal prevalence of salmonellosis.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected nine broiler farms of different housing systems based on the ventilation methods from March 2018 to April 2019. A total of 12,600 samples (6480 environmental, 4320 non-environmental, 1080 sera, and 720 live birds) were collected during four successive seasons.

Results: Highly significant increases (p<0.01) were recorded in body weight gains in opened and closed-houses during summer; in food conversion ratios in opened-houses during winter and in closed-houses during winter and fall; in performance indices in opened-houses during summer and closed-houses during winter; and in live body weights, carcasses weights, liver, spleen, and bursa's weights in opened-houses during spring and in closed-houses during fall. Highly significant increases (p<0.01) were recorded in total bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella counts in opened-houses during spring and in closed-houses during summer, in Salmonella Typhi O and H, and Salmonella Paratyphi A and B sera titer in opened-houses during summer and closed-houses during fall. Biosecurity measures scored 34 out of 43 with an average salmonellosis prevalence of 6.0% in closed-house and 24 out of 43 with an average salmonellosis prevalence of 24.67% in opened-house broiler farms.

Conclusion: Weak biosecurity measures in broiler houses (opened and closed) were not sufficient to prevent the entrance and multiplication of Salmonella spp. Disciplines, commitment, and regulations of biosecurity need to be enforced in broiler houses to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases.
Construction of recombinant lentiviral vector containing human stem cell leukemia gene and its expression in interstitial cells of cajal
Authors: Li Chen , Qian Biao , Ni Zhao , Wang Qinzhang , Wang Zixiong , Ma Luping , Liu Zhili , Li Qiang , Wang Xinmin
Published: April 2020

This study aims to construct recombinant lentiviral vectors containing the human stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene and investigate theirin vitrotransfection efficiency in Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) of guinea pig bladders. In this study, the human SCL gene was successfully cloned, and the recombinant lentivirus GV287-SCL was successfully constructed. The titer of the recombinant lentivirus was 5 × 108TU /mL. After transfecting the ICCs with the lentiviral vector at different MOIs, the optimal MOI was determined to be 10.0, and the optimal transfection time was determined to be 3 days. The amplification product of the lentivirus transfection group was consistent with the target fragment, indicating that the SCL gene had been successfully introduced into ICCs. In conclusion, the recombinant lentiviral vector GV287-SCL was successfully constructed and transfected into thein vitrocultured ICCs. The successful expression of SCL in ICCs may provide an experimental basis for thein vivotransfection of the SCL gene.
On the peculiar nature of double complement unaccusatives in Japanese
Authors: Aoyagi Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

This paper attempts to elucidate the peculiar nature of double complement unaccusatives (DCUs). Among the two widely-held diagnostics for subjecthood in Japanese, i. e.zibun-binding and subject honorification, the subject of DCUs passes the former but not the latter. First, recognizing two subtypes of ditransitive verbs, verbs of change of possession (VCPs) and verbs of change of location (VCLs), we will note that DCUs are generally formed on VCPs. Next, given our layered verb phrase hypothesis, theni-phrase in DCUs as well as VCPs is base-generated in Spec of Low Applicative (L-Appl), and it is moved to Spec of v fordatcase marking. Spec of v is high enough forzibun-binding. However, since the target of subject honorification is licensed in Spec of High Applicative (H-Appl), theni-phrase, base-generated in Spec of L-Appl, should further move to Spec of H-Appl. This is prohibited due to a feature-based version of theta criterion.