bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Service Quality Level of Financing in Bank BTN Syariah Using the Fuzzy SERVQUAL Method (Case Study: Financing Unit of Bank BTN Syariah Balikpapan Branch)
Authors: Pambudi Rifky , Safar Tosungku La Ode Ahmad , Amelia Pawitra Theresia
Published: October 2024

Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) Balikpapan is a financial institution that collects funds from the public and channels them in the form of credit. The objective of this research is to measure the service quality at Bank BTN Syariah Balikpapan using the SERVQUAL, conduct an analysis using the Fuzzy method to obtain single values that represent each attribute of perceptions and expectations, and formulate improvement proposals to enhance the quality of financing services. The highest gap was found in attribute Q1 "Adequate equipment and technology" with a Gap value of 20.66 (137.38%), while the lowest gap in service quality was found in attribute Q21 "Employees who provide personal attention to customers" with a gap value of -48.51 (38.60%). This indicates that attribute Q21 is an important aspect that needs improvement due to the negative gap between customer expectations and perceptions. Furthermore, the overall measurement of service quality in the financing unit yielded an average gap value of -0.77 (Good Enough). Based on the fuzzy Servqual method, several attributes with the lowest negative gaps in the service quality of Bank BTN Syariah were identified. Proposed improvements include conducting Experiential Training to enhance personal relationship approach with customers, adding training with banking knowledge content to improve the financing process, and providing additional rewards to employees who achieve the desired improvements in service.
Modeling Pospay and Multi-Lane Free Flow Integration for Revenue Increase
Authors: Krisnawanti Krisnawanti , Fathurahman Dimas Mukhlis , Haryaman Adang , Sulaeman Muhammad Rifqi , Pratama Rapi Sukma
Published: October 2024

The rise of e-commerce in Indonesia has made digital payment systems increasingly important. One such system is PT. Pos Indonesia’s Pospay application. However, the app is not very popular among users as indicated by its low download numbers and ratings. To address this issue, the potential benefits of combining the Pospay application with Cantas to facilitate toll road transactions were examined. The aim was to increase public awareness of the Pospay application, which would lead to increased revenue. A dynamic system approach was used to develop an optimal strategy for improving Pospay services in the Public Transport sector and integrating it as a toll payment method in the MLFF (Multi-Lane Free Flow) system. The initial dynamic system modeling, using a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), revealed that service innovation, customer satisfaction, and company revenue are interrelated variables that influence each other. The results of this research can be used as suggestions for companies in developing service innovation strategies.
Analysis of the Effect of Compensation, Motivation, and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction and Employee Job Loyalty Using the Partial Least Square (PLS) Method at PT. XYZ
Authors: Syarif Muhammad , Iriani Iriani
Published: October 2024

PT.XYZ engaged in the wood processing industry by producing and exporting plywood. Based on preliminary research conducted, it is known that the current condition is that there are problems regarding decreased job satisfaction which results in a low employee work loyalty attitude towards the company. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of compensation, motivation, and work environment on job satisfaction, to determine the effect of job satisfaction on employee job loyalty, and to provide suggestions for development and improvement to companies related to human resource management. All permanent employees of the production division PT. XYZ is the research population totaling 95 people, with a sample size of 50 employees. The research method is quantitative using a questionnaire with a scale of 1 to 5. The data analysis technique in this study uses the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results showed that compensation has a significant effect on job satisfaction, motivation has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction, work environment has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction, and job satisfaction has a significant effect on employee job loyalty.
Marketing Strategy Analysis using Strength Opportunity Aspiration Result (SOAR) Strategy and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) at PT. XYZ
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad Daffa Dzaky , Iriani Iriani
Published: October 2024

The intense competition involving many business actors demands that these entrepreneurs be able to adapt to the evolving business conditions. In facing this competition, running a business requires a well-thought-out strategy to help business owners anticipate the impact of such events and remain competitive. The SOAR Analysis is an approach consisting of Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results components derived from the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach, where planning focuses on existing strengths and available opportunities. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) is applied to prioritize various factors influencing strategic planning. The objective of QSPM analysis is to determine the best strategies to be implemented. The QSPM matrix can identify the strategies to be used in the decision-making stage, which can later be applied to the company. From the results of the QSPM matrix, strategy 1 obtained the highest TAS value of 2.39, while strategy 2 had the lowest TAS value of 0.86, indicating that strategy 1 is the top priority that the company can implement.
Kaizen Implementation in the Motorcycle Tire Testing Stage with the PDCA Cycle
Authors: Yuliarty Popy , Sudibyo Agung , Avrizal Reza
Published: October 2024

The research was conducted at the tire trial stage at a motorcycle tire production company, which aims to reduce defects in the measurement results at the tire sample trial stage. The company policy stipulates that tire trials are carried out on 10 tire samples taken at random from each of the total production of 250 motorcycle tires. From the samples taken, it was found that the types of tire defects were Cut Sample and Crown Sample as well as tire dimension defects that did not match the target with dimensional defect types namely Pattern Bare and Bead Crack with a total of 60% defects. The method used for improvement with Kaizen through the PDCA cycle, shows several improvement steps based on Fishbone Diagram and 5W1H analysis. The result of this research is the reduction of defects to zero defects (0%), which means that the company's quality objectives can be achieved. With the principle of Kaizen through this PDCA cycle, the company gets very satisfying results, in line with its target of zero defects.
Optimization of Selection Suppliers for Rice Raw Material Using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Processes) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) Methods in CV Gembira
Authors: Prasetya Adi Tulus , Donoriyanto Dwi Sukma
Published: October 2024

CV Gembira is engaged in the production of Rice Mill with the trademark Osing Rice, and has 3 variants, namely Osing Super, Osing Premium and Osing Gold. Problems CV Gembira one of them is the delay in the delivery of rice raw materials carried out by supplier and also the quality of goods that do not meet the criteria. The AHP method is the preferred method. There are several reasons, namely, AHP provides a hierarchical representation of a problem that is useful in assisting decision making. The selection of the TOPSIS method as an auxiliary method is based on simple logic and has the farthest distance to the negative ideal solution. After performing calculations using the AHP and TOPSIS methods, alternative sequence results are obtained supplier the best that can be used by CV Gembira with a preference value of 0.6249 is owned by UD Bintang Timur.
Material Planning with ABC Classification, Min-Max Method, and Continuous Review System Method at PT XYZ
Authors: Wardana Farhan Jezando , Zamzani Muhammad Imron , Purba Arini Anestesia
Published: October 2024

PT XYZ is a petrochemical manufacturing company that produces industrial raw materials. This company has a stock of inventory materials in its warehouse. The background of this research is based on the company's need to optimize raw material inventory management to ensure the smooth running of the methanol production process and prevent overstock and stock of material. This study analyzed company SAP data, which showed a high average overstock level in CR1-B2-C01 storage during 2018-2022. Forty materials were overstocked, and 22 materials were out of stock. This shows the urgency to classify priority inventory materials, determine the research results in minimum and maximum quantities of materials, and determine reorder points. The research methods used include the ABC classification to classify inventory priorities, the Min-Max method to calculate the minimum and maximum amount of material, and the Continuous Review System method to determine reorder points and the amount of inventory to be provided. Data on purchases and usage of Parker O-Lube and O-Ring Parker materials in CR1-B2-C01 storage during 2018-2022 are used as a basis for planning material requirements. The research results found that by applying the ABC classification, the Min-Max method, and the Continuous Review System method, the company can optimize the management of CR1-B2-C01 raw materials. In investing in raw materials, companies can reduce the risk of unnecessary costs, minimize damage to goods, and prioritize the optimal use of storage space.
Implementation of 5S and Safety Awareness in the Classroom Environment at Telkom University Surabaya
Authors: Chandra Huki , Ardianto Yashmine Mela , Novika Norma , Angeli Febrin Claudia , Agnia Nilna
Published: October 2024

The application of 5S culture is now an obligation that must be implemented by every place for the convenience of users or building occupants. The implementation of 5S that has been designed can produce an effective, efficient, productive work culture and uphold work safety. 5S culture is a culture of one of the concepts of industrial engineering. This concept is simple, easy to understand, and is the first step in the dissemination of industrial engineering culture. 5S itself is not only applied to office buildings but can also be applied to classes where various activities are carried out and also require 5S to avoid danger. There is one effective approach to increasing security awareness and ensuring a conducive work environment through implementing 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke). This 5S implementation provides insight into work safety around us. Data analysis by collecting data sourced from related journals and also by observing the object to be studied. Implementation of the 5S concept and safety awareness is very important, especially in classrooms on campus consisting of many people, so the risk of work accidents will be high if not balanced by the implementation of 5S and safety awareness.
Work Posture analysis Using the Rapid Entire Body Method Assessment (REBA) to Reduce the Risk of Injury in Line I Employees Upper Production PT. XYZ
Authors: Jabbar Karim Abdul , Suryadi Akmal
Published: October 2024

This research aim to solve the problem of ergonomic standart in the process of making an upper shoes by implementing Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). This method is suitable to solve job body posture problem of the worker of PT XYZ based in Sidoarjo. PT XYZ is an international company and one of the expantion company from Denmark, they produce high quality shoes with more than 7000 workers. There are several plaint from the worker that they had a featigue in some part of te body. REBA assess the score from the top of the body to the bottom of the body and giving report are report of the posture risk. By using this method, the solution can be found with giving the right posture of the worker body while working their duty. The result of the research are confirmed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) the posture need an improvement by changing the moves of trunk, upper arm, and wrist. Reba score are known in 6 and it’s increasing to 3 after the improvement.
Analysis of produce offered by agritourist farms in Poland
Authors: Chotkowski Jacek , Czerwińska-Jaśkiewicz Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja oferty gospodarstw agroturystycznych działających w Polsce. Autorzy udowodnili, że oferta ta jest wysoce zróżnicowana regionalnie. Przeprowadzona w artykule analiza pokazała także, że gospodarze prowadzący działalność dla turystów w Polsce zaczynają rozumieć prawa rynku. Ich oferta, choć standardowa w niektórych obszarach produktu rzeczywistego, w sferze poszerzonej wykazuje tendencję rozwojową. Gospodarze dążą do uatrakcyjniania turystom pobytu na wsi oferując np. wypożyczanie sprzętów na miejscu, proponując naukę jazdy konnej czy zwiedzanie okolicy. Co więcej, zauważa się wśród nich tendencję do wykorzystywania w ofercie walorów kulturowych regionu (np. potrawy regionalne). Niniejszy artykuł powstał na podstawie analiz prowadzonych z wykorzystaniem m.in. danych zawartych w katalogu pn. Polska-Atlas Turystyki Wiejskiej 2010/2011. Wieś Polska Zaprasza Wydawnictwa Polskiej Federacji Turystyki Wiejskiej „Gospodarstwa Gościnne” i portalu www.agroturystyka.pl.
“It Doesn’t Make Sense”: Professional Skepticism As Sensemaking
Authors: Xu Gina , Yang Cherrie
Published: October 2024

Professional skepticism is a fundamental yet complex aspect of auditing. To understand how auditors exercise skepticism in practice, Xu, Yang, and Fukofuka (2023) conducted qualitative research based on stories provided by auditors. The study identified that professional skepticism is like a sensemaking process. It is triggered and unfolded through auditors’ actions and interactions with their audit teams and clients. These findings highlight the importance of understanding how auditors act, converse, and interact with clients to effectively exercise professional skepticism, which has important implications for auditing firms and practitioners.
Disclosure and Dynamic Risk Sharing with a Large Shareholder
Authors: Cianciaruso Davide , Qiu Lin , Xue Wenjie
Published: October 2024

We study the effects of disclosure in a dynamic market with imperfect competition. The supply of an asset is determined by a large shareholder with price impact, who trades slowly to diversify away from concentrated ownership. Small investors provide capital and thus risk-bearing capacity to the market. Although it is well known that disclosure impedes risk sharing by shifting risk before future trading opportunities, we show that disclosure, at the same time, can enhance risk sharing by promoting more trades. Resolving this tradeoff, an interior level of disclosure quality maximizes the small investors’ surplus as well as the total surplus, but minimizes the large shareholder’s surplus. Further, efficient disclosure policies feature increasing quality over time.

JEL Classifications: D80; E21; G12; L13; M41.
Does Convergence with International Standards on Auditing Improve Audit Quality?
Authors: Hope Ole-Kristian , Wang Cyndia , Wu Yaqian , Zhang Min
Published: October 2024

Many countries have converged their domestic auditing standards with International Standards on Auditing (ISA). This study provides global empirical evidence on first-order determinants of audit quality by examining whether and how convergence affects audit quality through utilizing data on 41 jurisdictions and using a staggered difference-in-differences approach. We find that ISA convergence leads to higher audit quality on average. The positive effect is stronger for clients of domestic audit firms, in jurisdictions with stronger enforcement, and when the ISA convergence level is higher. Insights from textual features suggest that changes in principle-orientation, comparability, readability, and size (or length) of auditing standards are positively related to audit quality. Exploratory analyses of textual content using machine learning reveal that the emphases of ISA on going-concern assessment and legal compliance, fraud risk assessment and internal control evaluation, and related-party transactions and subsequent events contribute to enhanced audit quality.

JEL Classifications: M40; M42; M48.
Process development and heat flow analysis for thin walls made of aluminum using extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA3D)
Authors: Hauschopp Cedric , Borba de Souza Mariana , Kaierle Ricardo , Häussler Adrian , Schopphoven Thomas , Meiners Wilhelm , Häfner Constantin
Published: October 2024

Extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA) is an adapted variant of directed energy deposition (DED-LB-P/M), also known as laser material deposition, and has been developed for the efficient manufacturing of thin layers with high deposition speeds. With precise control of the energy input into the powder gas jet and the substrate, EHLA allows deposition speeds of up to 200 m/min and weld beads as thin as 25 μm. Advantages include a smaller melt pool and a heat-affected zone, allowing the processing of difficult-to-weld material combinations. The development of EHLA for additive manufacturing (EHLA3D) aims to produce highly customized components with improved structural accuracy compared to standard LMD at increased build rates compared to laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M). A promising application is complex lightweight structures for the aerospace industry. However, there is a lack of systematic investigation on lightweight materials processed with EHLA3D at feed rates >20 m/min. In this work, a specially designed tripod machine (maximum feed rate 200 m/min) was used to investigate the buildup of aluminum in process regimes at 30 m/min. After confirming the existing single-track parameters, the tracks were metallographically examined and checked for pores, cracks, and bonding defects. The process was applied to thin-wall geometries and line energies as well as return-times that were varied. To gain an understanding of process-induced heat development, the process was monitored using thermography. Since the process shows geometry-specific heat flow patterns, guidelines have been developed that enable the buildup using different process adaptions.
Investigation on metal vapor characteristics and keyhole/melt pool dynamics in high-power laser welding with side gas flow
Authors: Zhou Chenyu , Liu Wei , Geng Shaoning , Han Chu , Gao Yu , Li Jianmin
Published: October 2024

High-power laser welding processes involve intense interactions between the laser beam and the base material, resulting in severe welding defects such as humping, spattering, and undercutting. Utilizing side gas flow may provide an effective approach for minimizing these defects. However, the effects of side gas flow on the dynamic behavior and weld formation necessitate further investigation. In this study, an innovative analysis of metal vapor characteristics and keyhole/melt pool dynamics in high-power laser welding with side gas flow is presented, combining experimental and simulation results. A three-dimensional transient fluid flow model was developed, uniquely integrating an adaptive heat source, evaporation-condensation processes, and metal vapor energy attenuation to provide a novel perspective on the effects of side gas flow in high-power laser welding. The results display that side gas flow could suppress plasma, increase thermal input to the melt pool, and intensify the flow of liquid metal toward the pool bottom during high power laser welding, thereby enhancing weld seam penetration. The numerical results indicate that variations in flow rate significantly impact metal vapor morphology, with higher flow rates reducing both the average area and height of the metal vapor and effectively suppressing the size of metal vapor/plasma. When the side gas flow rate is 20 l/min, with the gas flow impact point located at the keyhole opening and the nozzle height set to 3 mm, the side gas flow significantly enhances the depth-to-width ratio of the weld seam in 316L stainless steel laser welding. This work can provide guidance for suppression of weld defects in high-power laser welding of medium-thick steel components, which has important theoretical significance and application value.
The Impact of Various Anesthetic Techniques on Cerebral Oxygenation during Spinal Surgery Performed in a Prone Position with Controlled Hypotension
Authors: M* Daabiss , RA Otaibi , MA Otaibi , O Shalaan , S Shah , MA Sharif
Published: October 2024

Background: While prone positioning during anesthesia is necessary for certain surgical procedures, it also increases the risk of postoperative neurological complications. This risk is exacerbated by controlled hypotension used to minimize blood loss during spinal surgeries. Monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2 ) is essential for maintaining cerebral oxygenation and preventing adverse outcomes like cognitive dysfunction and organ failure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different anesthetic techniques on cerebral oxygenation in patients undergoing spinal surgery in the prone position with controlled hypotension. Methods: Fifty-four patients scheduled for spinal surgery in a prone position with controlled hypotension were randomly assigned into two equal groups, to receive sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia. Data were collected at various intervals: before and after anesthesia induction, post-induction in the prone position, during surgery, and before awakening in the supine position. Parameters recorded included rScO2 , peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), patient state index (PSI), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO2 ), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results: rScO2 levels decreased in both patient groups once positioned in the prone position. However, the rScO2 values were significantly lower in the propofol group compared to the other group (p = 0.025, 0.032 respectively). Conclusion: The study suggests that propofol as the anesthetic agent may have exacerbated the decline in cerebral oxygenation associated with the transition to prone positioning. Sevoflurane might thus be preferable for patients at risk of compromised cerebral oxygenation.
Ergonomic Study of Reading Room Facilities and Infrastructure Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bengkulu University
Authors: Gunaidi Aang , Yoanda Sely
Published: October 2024

Ergonomics studies in the Reading Room of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bengkulu University need to be carried out so that users feel comfortable in the library. The aims of this research is to examine the application of ergonomics concepts to the facilities and infrastructure of the Reading Room, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bengkulu University, which include bookshelves, reading tables, reading chairs, lighting, temperature and humidity. This research was conducted using quantitative research methods with a survey approach. Data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires to 183 respondents using the Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD) method based on ergonomic aspects: effective, comfortable, safe, healthy, and efficient. The results showed that the respondents' assessment of the facilities and infrastructure of the FISIP UNIB Reading Room was as follows (1) bookshelf 82% (good); (2) reading table 72.6% (good); (3) reading chair 70.8% (good); (4) lighting level of 58% (sufficient); (5) temperature and humidity 58% (enough). The conclusion in this study is that in the Reading Room of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Bengkulu University, it is not optimal in applying the ergonomic concept. The Reading Room of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Bengkulu needs to pay attention to the maximum application of ergonomics so that it can provide comfort for users visiting the library.
Efforts To Improve The School Library And Literacy Of Students/Students Of Sd Negeri 5 Rambang Village Sugih Waras Barat
Authors: Sahfitri Meilia
Published: October 2024

Research and community service programs in the form of education in collaboration with real work students from Raden Fatah State Islamic University, Palembang and Sugih Waras Barat Village, Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency. South Sumatra Province to provide teaching related to efforts to improve school libraries and student literacy at SD Negeri 5 Rambang, West Sugih Waras Village, Muara Enim Regency. The method used was subjective enlightenment methodology, the population in this study were children of SD Negeri 5 Rambang, West Sugih Waras Village with a total of 340 students. This method aims to improve the school library and student literacy at SD Negeri 5 Rambang, West Sugih Waras Village, increase interest in reading, writing and speaking so that students can develop their own potential.  Data was collected directly at the location of SD Negeri 5 Rambang in Sugih Waras Barat Village. Re-improving the existing school library and improving literacy among students at SD Negeri 5 Rambang, Sugih Waras Barat Village, Muara Enim Regency
Evaluation of User Satisfaction of IBI Library Application Using PIECES Model
Authors: Dintia Amalia, Silvyani Yasyfa Kamseno Amanda Aprilia Harahap, Rahmat Iqbal,
Published: October 2024

The writing of this article discusses the users and use of the IBI library application using the pieces model. By using pieces analysis as a tool to analyze a system in detail and thoroughly which will get special attention, so that the advantages and disadvantages of the system can be known to later be used as a reference for the company's further progress. PIECES is a best learning practice and development initiative that provides an approach to understanding and improving care for individuals with complex physical and cognitive needs and behavior change. PIECES enables the continuous improvement of shared care through human resource development.  In the PIECES framework there are six components that can be used in evaluating the satisfaction of information system users, namely Performance (Reliability), Information, Economy, Control (control), Efficiency and Service. This study uses a quantitative descriptive research method which aims to describe, summarize, various conditions, various situations or variables that arise in the community which is the object of research. The population and samples in this study were users of the IBI library application with a total of 15 respondents and the sampling technique in this study using random sampling. To get the results of the evaluation of the system, data measurement is needed. In this study, the data measurement method used a Likert scale with the criteria SS (Strongly agree) with a score of 4, S (Agree) with a score of 3, TS (Disagree) with a score of 2 and STS (Strongly disagree) with a score of 1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the IBI library application to determine user satisfaction with the IBI library application.
Students’ business innovation capabilities: The moderating role of university support and entrepreneurial resilience
Authors: Mustofa Moh. Solehatul , Mulyono Kemal Budi
Published: October 2024

The high unemployment rate among university graduates is prompting universities to enhance the business skills of their students. This research aims to holistically explain the role of university support and entrepreneurial resilience in increasing students’ business innovation capabilities. To analyze phenomena and relationships between variables, a quantitative approach using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. This research sample involved 165 student entrepreneurs who are members of the student entrepreneur community in Indonesia. Knowledge management does not significantly impact increasing business innovation capabilities. However, perceived university support and entrepreneurial resilience have been shown to significantly impact business innovation capabilities and strengthen the influence of knowledge management activities on increasing business innovation capabilities. Universities must create policies supporting extracurricular entrepreneurship programs, focusing on building entrepreneurial resilience. This can be achieved through workshops and business incubator initiatives involving partnerships with industry and the entrepreneurial community. This research provides a new perspective in analyzing higher education entrepreneurship education through a more in-depth explanation of the extracurricular activities of the student business community to build business innovation capabilities based on knowledge, institutional, and trait theory perspectives.
Structuring and empirical validation of a creative activity chain model for innovation in sustainable infrastructure development
Authors: Cheng Linyi , Phanniphong Kanakarn
Published: October 2024

This study constructs and empirically validates a Creative Activity Chain (CCA) structure model tailored for innovation in sustainable infrastructure development. In today’s competitive environment, fostering innovation is crucial for maintaining the relevance and effectiveness of infrastructure projects. The research underscores that a significant portion of a project’s long-term value is established during its initial concept and planning stages, highlighting the critical role of creativity in infrastructure development. The CCA model is developed through theoretical frameworks and empirical data, encompassing three key dimensions: creative subject chain, creative action chain, and creative operation chain. The model’s validity is tested with data from five large infrastructure development firms in China, involving 768 R&D staff as respondents. Rigorous statistical methods, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and regression analysis, confirm the model’s robustness. The findings reveal significant positive correlations between the creative activity chain’s dimensions and the successful development of sustainable infrastructure projects. Additionally, the study examines the mediating effect of link strength within the creative activity chain, demonstrating its substantial impact on project outcomes. Implications for management include promoting diverse creative teams, systematic process management, and leveraging varied operational tools to enhance creativity in infrastructure development. This research contributes to the literature by introducing an integrated model for managing creative activities in sustainable infrastructure development, offering practical insights for improving innovation processes.
“Vacunas”: Permanence of Crime in The New Dynamics of Violence and Post-Agreement in Colombia
Authors: Sorzano-Rodríguez Deisy Milena , Villamizar-Escobar Juan Diego , Galván-Vela Esthela , Avina-Ripoll Rafael R , Tobar-Pesántez Luis Bayardo
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to explore the criminal dynamics and socioeconomic implications of extortion, specifically the "vacuna" (protection payment) phenomenon, in Colombia. It seeks to understand how this practice contributes to the persistence of crime and violence, and how victims manage and cope with this form of violence.
 
Theoretical Frmework: The literature review is based on the theory of psychological coercion, where the threat and intimidation through force are used as a means of social control, as well as the economics of crime, which proposes that criminality is a rational act aimed at maximizing benefits for offenders. Finally, the theory of the state and security explains how the absence of the state in Colombia allows criminal groups to assume roles of "protection."
 
Method: A qualitative approach was adopted, using semi-structured and unstructured interviews with merchants and business owners in the Department of Santander, Colombia. The study focuses on a narrative approach, allowing victims to express their experiences with extortion. This method aims to capture the diversity of perspectives and coping practices in response to the crime.
 
Results and Discussion: The results reveal that extortion persists as a common practice due to weak state presence and the transformation of criminal actors. It was observed that victims, both individually and collectively, develop diverse strategies to confront extortion. The study also identifies the perpetrators, although in many cases, victims are unable or unwilling to directly point out their aggressors due to fear of reprisals.
 
Research Implications: The findings suggest the need to rethink public policies focused on security and wealth distribution in Colombia. Strengthening state presence in regions most affected by violence and improving protection mechanisms for extortion victims is crucial.
 
Originality/Value: This study provides a detailed and contextualized analysis of a criminal practice that has been underrepresented in academic literature. By focusing on the voices and experiences of the victims, it offers new insights into the dynamics of power and violence in Colombia, highlighting the importance of addressing structural inequalities to mitigate crime and violence.
CURRENT TRENDS IN PACKAGING
Authors:   Marmara University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Printing Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey, Arman Kandirmaz Emine
Published: October 2024

The basic duties of packaging include protecting the product, providing information about the product, and facilitating transportation. With developing technology, decreasing resources, and increasing population, extra duties have been needed in addition to the basic duties of the packaging, such as protecting the life and freshness of the product, providing information about the product inside, improving the usage areas of the product, ensuring its correct use, and ensuring sustainability conditions. In this sense, sustainable, smart, and active packaging technologies are increasing day by day. The use of these functionalized packages is generally more common in the healthcare, food, and logistics industries. This study examines how active, sustainable, smart packaging can revolutionize packaging. The research aims to provide specific insights into the potential of functional packaging technologies. The study also discusses the promising future of functional packaging, with technological development and consumer needs ecological for friendly products. In conclusion, this work reveals how functional packaging can transform packaging industry accomplish limitations and compensation consumer demands, supply advanced product safety, quality, and sustainability.
ILLUMINATION WITH ELECTROCHROMATIC WINDOWS IN VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors:   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Bitola, Macedonia, Neskovska Ratka , Popovski Filip ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Bitola, Macedonia, Mijakovska Svetlana ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Bitola, Macedonia, Dimova Popovska Hristina ,   Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Bitola, Macedonia
Published: October 2024

Electrochromatic materials are characterized by reversible colour change when placed in an external electric field. One of the possible applications of such electrochromatic films is in the "Smart windows" that are used to modulate the transmitted light in objects. Thin electrochromatic films of copper oxide are obtained by the chemical deposition method of two solutions. The spectral transmission of the resulting films was recorded in a state as obtained, in a coloured and shaded state, in the visible part of the spectrum. From the sum of the intensity of the incident solar spectrum AM 1.5 and the amount of intensity of the spent radiation through the films, the mean values of the transmission coefficient of the films in the three states are determined, in the wave interval from 350 to 820 nm. The obtained results for the mean value of the transmission coefficient are used to simulate the illumination in the virtual reality, to a real object in which the outer illumination is modulated when passing light on the case when the windows would be examined films in the state as the film was obtained, in a coloured and shades condition. The simulation of the process is using Quest3D software for virtual reality.
STABILITY OF UV CURABLE INKS APPLIED IN THREE LAYERS ON PAPERS CONTAINING STRAW PULP AFTER ARTIFICIAL AGEING
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Plazonić Ivana , Bates Irena ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Rudolf Maja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

In order for prints to be considered high quality, regardless of the type of printing substrate, they must retain the initial optical quality achieved during printing and years after the printed product has been used or stored. The rate at which print quality deteriorates over time depends on several factors. The composition of the printing substrate, the composition of the printing ink, the technique of applying the ink to the substrate, and the interaction between the ink and the substrate have the greatest influence on the initial quality. In addition to the listed influences on the durability of the print quality, the conditions under which the print was used or stored, such as humidity, temperature, microorganisms, and air quality, also have an effect. Paper is the most commonly used printing substrate, and considering the favourable ecological components of this material, it will be used more and more in the future. The need for alternative raw materials to wood in its production will also become more pronounced. Precisely because of the cellulose fibres that make up its basis, paper is subject to many degradation changes. In this research, the optical and colorimetric stability of prints on paper with straw pulp from different cereals were monitored after two cycles of accelerated ageing of 48 hours, performed according to the ASTM D 6789-02 standard. As the stability of prints in which UV curable inks were applied in three layers on laboratory paper by screen and gravure printing techniques was monitored in parallel, it was determined that screen prints have better colorimetric stability compared to gravure prints. It was also observed that for both types of inks, the most significant degradation occurs in the first 48 hours of accelerated ageing, while further prolonging the exposure time of the prints irradiance through the daylight filter does not show any significant continuation of the degradation.
THE PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT OF THE DIGITAL PRINTING MACHINE DETECTED BY STATIONARY AND PERSONAL METHODS
Authors:   ", Adamović Savka ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Milošević Rastko ,   "University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Banjanin Bojan ,   "University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia", Dramićanin Miroslav ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Production Engineering, Novi Sad, Serb, Ilić Mićunović Milana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Production Engineering, Novi Sad, Serb, Mihailović Aleksandra ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Fundamentals Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: October 2024

Particulate matter (PM) emitted during the digital printing process is potentially dangerous in the sense that it penetrates deep into the operator's lungs. The mass concentration levels of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 particles emitted in the working environment of digital machines were measured after applying two sampling methods, spatial and individual. A sensor sampler with an optical particle counter was used for the spatial method, while a personal sampler of particulate materials was applied for the individual process. The paper's primary goal is to assess the comparability of the concentration of PM particles obtained by different sampling methods.
TEMPORAL TYPOGRAPHY: THE IMPACT OF ANIMATION SPEED AND INTERPOLATION ON INFORMATION TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY
Authors:   RIT Croatia, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Dolić Jurica , Pibernik Jesenka ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Muftić Ivor ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Mandić Lidija ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of kinetic typography on information transmission efficiency within motion graphics. The focus is on the impact of two variables: word count displayed per minute and typography interpolation method. Type in motion plays a crucial role in conveying information and attracting viewers in new media. The speed at which text elements traverse the screen potentially impacts information perception and understanding. Similarly, the chosen interpolation method, determining transitions between states, affects readability, aesthetics, and overall message delivery. To explore this impact, a combined quantitative and qualitative research approach was employed. Young viewers participated in the study to assess comprehension and information retention. Participants viewed motion graphic animations designed to isolate the two factors under investigation. An optimal speed range was identified, enabling comprehension at a pace that maintains viewer engagement while facilitating information retention. Additionally, the study found that the interpolation method significantly affects information transmission. Specific interpolation techniques enhanced readability, while others hindered it.
Editorial
Authors: Schöpfer-Mader Eveline
Published: October 2024

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Comparative Legal Responses to Illicit Wildlife Trade in Bangladesh and India: Indigenous vs. Extraneous Approaches
Authors: Nower suvra Anika , Ontar Morshed Hossain
Published: October 2024

This research examined the legal responses to illicit wildlife trade in Bangladesh and India, focusing on how these countries harmonized their domestic laws with international obligations under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). It assessed the effectiveness of Bangladesh's legal framework against wildlife trafficking and compared it to India’s advancements, particularly the Indian Wildlife Protection Amendment Act of 2022. Utilizing qualitative and doctrinal methods, the research reviewed primary and secondary sources, including statutes and international agreements. While Bangladesh faced significant challenges in enforcement and effectiveness, India strengthened its wildlife protection through stricter penalties and enhanced compliance with CITES. The research advocated for Bangladesh to adopt similar legislative reforms and improve enforcement mechanisms to better protect biodiversity and fulfill international obligations.
Studies on quality of turmeric powder influenced by pre–treatments of fresh sliced rhizomes
Authors: Tule S S , Kadam J H , Shirke G D , Pujari S D
Published: October 2024

The curcumin is an active component of turmeric which is highly valued and ingredient of many traditional herbal medicines. The objective of the present experiment was to retain the curcumin in turmeric powder and to improve the quality of turmeric powder. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with ten different treatments. An attempt was made to to address the concerns about reduction in curcumin content due to the traditional curing and processing methods and to prepare high quality turmeric powder by assessing the effect of various pre–treatments on the chemical and physical parameters. The results indicated that blanching of turmeric rhizomes at 90ºC ±2ºC for 5 minutes significantly impacts the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of the turmeric powder. The beneficial compounds like curcumin, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, oleoresins and essential oil in blanched rhizomes was retained in turmeric powder which helps in optimizing the nutritional and medicinal value of turmeric.
Documentation of spices and condiments as medicines by Reang community of Tripura
Authors: Debbarma Joysree , Sharma Chaman Lal , Sharma Madhubala
Published: October 2024

A total of 36 species of spices and condiments belonging to 30 genera and 19 families were reported to be used for medicinal purposes by the Reang community. Leaves were the most commonly used part followed by whole plant, rhizomes, fruits, young shoots, barks, flowers and stems. Zingiberaceae was the most dominant family followed by Apiaceae, Fabaceae and Araceae. There were 24 herbs, 7 trees, 5 shrubs, and 1 climber species. The Informant Consensus Factor was maximum (0.75) for medicinal uses of spices for treating gastric problems and ulcer and minimum (0) for liver disease. The highest fidelity levels were observed in Curcuma longa L. (100%) to treat wounds and gynecological problems and lowest in Amaranthus spinosus L. (28%) for snake bite. The present study reveals that Reang community uses the plants not only as spices and condiments but also as herbal medicines for treatment of various ailments.
Influence of diurnal harvesting times on essential oil yield and chemical composition of lemongrass, palmarosa and tulsi
Authors: Kumar A Niranjana , Audi Sahithi , Kumar J Kotesh , Srinivas K V N S , Babu G D Kiran , Jnanesha A C , Venkatesh B , Hiremath Channayya
Published: October 2024

Essential oil yield and chemical composition of most of the aromatic crops are affected by environmental, agrochemical and genetic factors. One of such factors are Harvesting Time (HT’s), optimizing which may result in higher essential oil production with better quality.  The present study was carried out to determine the effect of HT’s on three different aromatic crops [lemongrass, palmarosa and Ocimum sanctum (CIM-Ayu)] at different diurnal times (9.00 A.M 12.00 P.M and 3.00 P.M) in a day and the same was repeated thrice on alternate days from in the same fields. The results indicated that HT at 3.00 PM had higher essential oil content in all the three aromatic crops. But, the influence of HT on the quality of essential oil was specific to the different crops studied in this report. The quality of essential oil obtained from lemongrass harvested at 12.00 PM was found to be better as it showed more percentage of citral whereas the essential oils obtained from palmarosa and O. sanctum harvested at 3.00 PM were better as they showed more percentage of geraniol and eugenol respectively. This research not only refines essential oil production strategies but also underscores the crop-specific impact of harvesting times. The meticulous temporal analysis, coupled with statistical validation, contributes novel insights, providing practical benefits for industries reliant on these aromatic crops.