bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of phytohormone and seed density toward growth, disease and bulb yield of True Shallot Seeds
Authors: Gunaeni Neni , Rosliani Rini , Karyadi Asih K. , Gaswanto Redy
Published: September 2021

Shallot can be propagated generatively in the form True Seed of Shallot (TSS). The research purpose was to study phytohormone and sown seed density's effect on growth, disease, and bulbs yield. The research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (1,250 m asl), Lembang-West Java, from August 2017 until April 2018. The research used a factorial randomized completely block design with two factors repeated three times. The first factor was kind of phytohormone (A1 = BAP, A2 = NAA, A3 = GA3, A4 = control) and the second factor was the sown seed density (B1 = 5 g/m2, B2 = 7 g/m2, B3 = 9 g/m2). The result showed that: Phytohormone application did not affect germination and growth of TSS, living plant number, and bulb yield. The best-sown seed density to plant growth was 7 g seeds/m2. Elisa’s test result did not detect the viruses as seed-borne diseases such as SYSV, OYDV, or LYSV. The intensity of disease symptoms Alternaria porri (11%), Stemphylium vesicatorium, Colletotrichum gleosporiodes, and Peronospora destructor each (12%). In general, the most bulb yield was informed single cloves.
Effect of maturity and storage duration on plantain (Plantago lanceolata) silage quality
Authors: Bariroh Nur Rizqi , Bryant Racheal , Black Alistair
Published: September 2021

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) is known as a plant which is able to mitigate N leaching to the soil. Plantain also has high in nutrition and palatable. Unfortunately, nutrition content of plantain if it is conserved as silage is none. To address this question, the effect of regrowth stage and storage duration on ensiling properties of plantain were compared using replicated mini-silos (500 g FW). A factorial completely randomized design with three levels of regrowth stage (4-leaf, 5-leaf and 6-leaf appearance) and 4 levels of storage durations (80, 120, 150, 180 days) and five silo replicates was used. In this study 6-leaf had more fibre and less sugars. Ensiling properties was affected by pre and post-harvest management (P<0.001). Late harvest (6L) had higher pH and lactic acid than early harvest (4L or 5L). The nutritive value of plantain silage was better at early harvest than that of at late harvest (P<0.05). It can be concluded that ensiling plantain at earlier regrowth stage of improved the quality of plantain silage. This study suggests that silage made from the early regrowth stage can be stored until 120 days to produce good quality of silage.
The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of red chili
Authors: Pradana Anditya Gilang Rizky , Harsono Puji , Sakya Amalia Tetrani
Published: September 2021

Red chili is one of the strategic horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Improved cultivation technology is required to increase the production of red chili. This research aim to determines the optimal dosage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) to increase the growth and yield of red chili. The research was designed in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block. The first factor was mycorrhizae with three dosages levels: 0, 5, and 10 g plant-1. The other factor was liquid organic fertilizer with 4 level concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 ml l-1. The result shows that mycorrhizal inoculation increase the root absorption area. Liquid organic fertilizer increased nutrient sources for plants and improved the physical, biological, and chemical soil. Mycorrhizal inoculation and LOF improved the growth of red chili, there were plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, header width, and leaf area index. The yield components also increased the number of fruit, fruit length, fruit weight, and productivity. The highest productivity was resulted by the treatment of AMF 10 g plant-1and 15 ml l-1LOF (11.16 t ha-1), that was 33% higher than without treatment.
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on morphological characters and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Lala Fredy , Jasil Yulistiawati , Habeahan Kisey , Bayuaji Himawan , Wahab Abdul
Published: September 2021

Fluctuations in cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) yields are often a contributs to inflation in North Maluku. The addition of Mycorrhiza Arbuscular Fungus (AMF) can optimize the production of C. frutescens to suppress production fluctuations. The study aimed to determine the best dose of AMF for the growth and yield of C. frutescens. The research was conducted from April to October 2020 at AIAT North Maluku greenhouse. The study was arranged using Completely Randomized Design. Five level dosages of AMF were 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12.0 g per plant. Each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that the application of AMF increased plant height, number of leaves, yield, and fruit weight of Capsicum frutescens. AMF treatment at a dosage of 9 g/plant gave the highest yields on the number of fruits (50.39 pcs), fruit weight (36.79 g), root length (89 cm), root wet weight (87.5 g), and infection mycorrhizae (94%). The dosage of AMF 9 g/plant had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the number and weight of C. frutescens fruit, length and weight of wet roots, and the percentage of mycorrhizal infection. The research implication is that the optimal dose of AMF can be a biological stimulating agent to increase plant growth and yield.
Growth and productivity of cassava given organic fertilizer and potential waste as a source of animal feed
Authors: Dinata Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda , Utami Anastasia Sischa Jati , Sudarma I Wayan
Published: September 2021

The research was conducted to determine the growth and productivity of cassava plants that are given organic fertilizers and their potential waste as ruminant animal feed. The research was conducted at Kerthi Winangun Farmers Group, Bukti village, Kubutambahan District, Buleleng Regency. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three fertilization treatments and twelve replications. The fertilizer given were: cow dung 5 kg/plant (UK1), compost 5 kg/plant (UK2) and cow dung 5 kg/plant + bio urine 300 ml/plant (UK3). The Parameters observed were (1) plant growth (height, Number of leaves and tubers), (2) tuber production, (3) waste (leaf and peel) production and (4) carrying capacity. The result shows that application of 5 kg compost/plant yielded the highest tuber, leaf and peel production was respectively 1789,25±475,50, 667 ± 104 and 416,61±18 g/plant. Production of this peel can be used to feed 1.29-1.52 cattle/ha/year or 10.73-12,68 goat/ha/year. In conclusion, the cassava that was given with 5 kg compost per plant has the highest production to be used as a source of feed for ruminants.
Insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi and neem-based biopesticide (Azadirachta indica) on Spodoptera litura
Authors: Aliyya Ade , Zulfitri Apriwi , Zakiah Umi , Prianto Arief Heru , Kartika Titik , Hariani Nova , Zulfiana Deni , Guswenrivo Ikhsan
Published: September 2021

Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economically important crops.The use of synthetic pesticides with high intensity is detrimental to the quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi and neem-based biopesticide on S. litura using spraying and forced feeding method. The treatments were spore solution of Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium sp. T4.B23, Metarhizium sp. B2.2 applied at 108 spores/mL, biopesticide formulation containing neem extract (Agr1) at 10% (v/v), and water as control. Each treatment was sprayed 0.3 mL directly onto larvae of S. litura while in forced feeding method, the larvae were fed on 1 gr of treated water spinach. Entomopathogenic fungal spore solution did not show efficacy on S litura larvae in both methods, while Agr 1 caused 90 and 40% mortality in spraying and forced feeding method, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of Agr 1 was compared to Agr 2 that contains neem extract and wood vinegar. Agr 2 caused 100% mortality when sprayed onto S. litura larvae, and more than 90% of larvae were died when forced to feed treated water spinach. Agr2 has better potential than Agr1 to control S. litura.
The evaluation of java fine flavor cocoa propagation through somatic embryogenesis technique for germplasm preservation
Authors: Pancaningtyas Sulistyani
Published: September 2021

Somatic embryogenesis is one of the newest technology that applied for the mass production of cocoa. This research aims to evaluate the regeneration rate of somatic embryos through somatic embryogenesis propagation techniques on java fine flavor cocoa. Cultivars in this study are ICCRI 01, ICCRI 02, DR 1, DR 2, DRC 16, DR 38, PNT 16, and PNT 30. Observations include parameters to determine the percentage of primary callus and embryogenic callus formation and the number of somatic embryos produced. Based on data, the ability of callus to produce primary embryos is highly dependent on plant cultivars and explant sources. Five cultivars showed a higher regeneration rate using explants from the petal part, while the rest showed a higher regeneration rate using explants from the staminode section. Embryogenic callus from each cacao cultivar has the same basic structure: a nodular friable structure consisting of many embryonic cells. Some fine flavor cacao cultivars that were able to produce callus and primary somatic embryos could not produce secondary somatic embryos and plantlets. However, two cultivars, which had low potential in producing primary embryos, had the high ability to produce secondary somatic embryos and develop into plantlets.
Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the supply chain of broiler chicken in Indonesia
Authors: Sembada Pria , Daryanto Arief , Andik Silvia Dewi Sagita
Published: September 2021

The poultry sector in Indonesia faces complex challenges in the time of the Covid 19 pandemic. This pandemic disrupted the supply chain of broiler chickens. This study aims to identify impacts of Covid-19 on the broiler chicken supply chain. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with actors in the broiler chicken business, breeders’ associations, academics, experts, and the government. Also, secondary data was collected, including production data, demand data, and balance data. The data were analysed using the rich picture approach, supply chain analysis, and descriptive analysis. The results showed that accessibility and supply of production factors were hampered due to activity limitation policies and production control policies resulting in decreased production. Disruption in the distribution process also affects supply and demand. The decrease in demand for broiler chickens is very high. These factors might affect the fluctuation in the price of production factors and the selling price of the live birds at the farmer level. Issues due to a pandemic must be appropriately addressed and thoroughly as a mitigation effort in facing crises in the future. The right strategies need to be carried out comprehensively from the upstream, supply chain, and downstream levels. For instance, the partnership with the processing industries (or integrator), investments in the cold chain, and promotion would play an important role.
Efficiency production factor of cayenne pepper farming system in Klungkung Regency, Bali Province
Authors: Rinaldi Jemmy , Mahaputra I Ketut , Arya Nyoman Ngurah , Trisnawati Ni Wayan , Suharyanto  , Sari Anella Retna Kumala , Jati Eko Nugroho
Published: September 2021

Klungkung Regency is one of Cayenne Pepper centre producers in Bali which was declared as a horticulture commodities development area, particularly Cayenne Pepper. Most farmers are still applied traditional technologies on Cayenne Pepper production; hence farmers have limittied knowledge about efficiency of Cayenne Pepper production. This research is aimed to understand the efficiency and inefficiency production factors of Cayenne Pepper farming system in Klungkung Regency, Bali Province. Data were collected using questioners on survey techniques. Number of respondents were 40 farmers, consists of 22 farmers from Getakan Village, Banjarangkan District, and 18 farmers from Gelgel Village, Klungkung District. Collected data were analysed by stochastic frontier approach with front 4.1 analysis tools. Results of this research showed that input factors have positive effect to improve Cayenne Pepper production are land area, potassium (K) and manure fertilizer applications. Whereas input factor have negative effect to Cayenne Pepper production are phosphate (P) fertilizer and ZA application. Meanwhile, social factors have negative effect to inefficiency Cayenne Pepper production is education level of farmers.
Bibliometric analysis of sustainable agriculture on human rights governance approach: concept of sustainability on human rights governance
Authors: Oktaviani Nita Tri , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Salsabila Lubna , Fathani Aqil Teguh
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine social justice and human rights from the government’s perspective to promote Sustainable Development as well as from an agricultural perspective. This research method is qualitative research with literature study. literature study is carried out to find out various distances or findings that have not been found in previous research as a comparison in conducting current research. The literature findings show that some of the main topics appear most frequently based on data from Scopus, vosviewer and Nvivo12 plus. The results of this study of Global Governance of Human Rights with a total of 78 documents, but it is not comparable to the reality on the ground; namely, there are still many cases of human rights, racism and conflicts between black and white groups. Second, Global Human Rights Governance has an important role in the methodology of human rights analysis. From the perspective of global governance, the concept of sustainability is correlated with the idea of human rights such as the emergence of development in rural communities’ agricultural land which causes changes in their livelihoods as farmers which affect the economy and the surrounding environment. In the concept of SDGs, justice is one of the concepts that is of concern to the government that must be developed through a governance approach
Factors affecting farmers’ decisions in changing agribusiness sector: case study of Japan Internship Program alumni
Authors: Zainuddin Ahmad , Jamil Ahmad Syariful , Destiarni Resti Prastika , Hidayat Hidayat
Published: September 2021

Since 1984, the Japan internship program has been implemented to increase the capacity and income of young farmers in Indonesia. The existence of internship activities has changed the mindset and abilities of farmers in their farming organizations, even some of the trainee had changed their agribusiness sector when this program had ended. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influenced farmers’ decisions in changing their agricultural businesses after the Japaninternship program. This research was conducted in East Java Province, Indonesia from September 2020 to February 2021. The farmers were selected purposively as many as 34 people. Data were analyzed using logit regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the factors that significantly influenced farmers’ decisions to change the type of agribusiness sector were the motivation level in the business, business experience, the existence of business license, presence of business brands, and participation in agricultural institutions. The existence of Japaninternshipactivities has changed the mindset of farmers to better manage their businesses. In addition, some farmers have even changed their agribusiness sector to a more profitable business.
The improvement of planting index paddy through empowerment of water management institution: case study in Leumbah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar
Authors: Andriani Rini , Adriani Ahmad , Husaini  , Fitria Eka , Rahmi Cut Hilda
Published: September 2021

This paper described the institutional empowerment of water management to increasing cropping index (IP) in Aceh Province. The problem in the empowerment of farmer institutions is the low performance of farmers groups due to the low role of administrators, unclear group members, incomplete and malfunction organizational structure, low farming productivity, and lack of guidance from extension agents. The research was conducted in Lamkubu and Teladan village, Lembah Seulawah sub district, Aceh Besar in August 2019. The respondents who became the research sample were 33 respondents. The variables observed included farmer institutions that support IP increases in Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar. The data collected was tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The result are: has four institutions that are used as an assessment for a farmer group in increasing IP, 1) general institutional performance, the process on farming on the organization is carried out based on of mutual agreement, 2) internal institutional motivation and participation, management has high motivation in running the organization and actively participates (>50%) in the procurement of meetings, 3) institutional rules, there is no enforcement of sanctions because the rules are determined by deliberation and enforced with discipline, 4) interaction with stakeholder, carried out intensely 1-7 times in one growing season, the assistance provided is appropriate but only some have not been able to use it.
Factors affecting the intention of organic agricultural behavior in Tidore City
Authors: Mardianah  , Fuady Ikhsan , Sutarjo Moch. Armien Syifaa
Published: September 2021

Organic farming is an alternative to the failure of the green revolution that has been promoted in recent decades. Shifting farmer’s behavior to organic farming has many obstacles. Many factors influence farmers to do organic farming. This research aims to determine the factors that influence farmers’ intentions or intentions in organic farming, with a theoretical framework of Planned Behavior theory. The research method was designed as a quantitative research with a survey approach. The sampling technique in this study used a multistage cluster sampling technique while the sample of this research is part of the population taken by a sampling of 75 respondents. The results of the study show that the factors that have a significant influence on farmers’ intention to carry out organic farming are, social norms factor: the support from the surrounding environment, the perception of personal control (PBC), and the perception of organic farming risks. These three factors have a strong influence on the desire of farmers to implement organic farming in Tidore. The implication is that to accelerate the shift in behavior change to organic farming, and the stakeholders need to consider these three factors.
Marketing analysis of “Siam” local rice in South Kalimantan during the pandemic of Covid-19
Authors: Sabur Abdul , Qomariah Retna , Mailena Lira
Published: September 2021

Social restrictions during the pandemic of Covid-19 caused serious disruptions to the food marketing including marketing of Siam local rice in South Kalimantan. The study aims to analyse the marketing performance and efficiency of Siam local rice in South Kalimantan during the pandemic of Covid-19. The research was conducted in March - June 2020. Respondents were farmers, local traders and wholesalers who were selected using snowball sampling technique. Descriptive analysis was carried out based on the framework of Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN). The data was analysed using quantitative analysis related to marketing efficiency, marketing margin and farmer’s share. The finding of this study revealed that marketing of Siam local rice during pandemic of Covid-19 was remains efficient with the efficiency rate at 10 marketing channels ranged from 6.48%-10.57%. The lowest marketing margin occurred in channel 4 with the largest B/C ratio (2.3) and largest farmer’s share (78.7%) as well since only farmers and wholesaler were actors in this channel. Group of farmers sold grain to wholesalers and wholesalers processed the grain and sold bulk rice to consumers outside the province Therefore, direct marketing channel between group of farmers and wholesaler need to be strengthened in the new normal.
The efficiency of dryland farming in Panggang Forest KPH Yogyakarta
Authors: Suhartono  , Fauziyah Eva , Widiyanto Ary
Published: September 2021

Dryland farming is still to be a main activity of the community around the part of Forest Area (Bagian Daerah Hutan/BDH), Panggang, Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) Yogyakarta. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of dryland farming and the factors that influencefarming income. The survey method was used to carry out farming data and information by interview the farmer. The R/C analysis, labor productivity analysis, and capital productivity analysis were used to determine the efficiency of dryland farming. Furthermore, to determine the effect of production input factors on farming efficiency, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. The results showed that dryland farming by the community around BDH Panggang forest was not efficient because the value of R/C<1 (0,44), labor productivity Rp 29.522,69/working people’s day is lower than a local standard wage Rp 50.000/ working people’s day, and the productivities of land and capital are negative value. The factors production, land area, seed cost, fertilizer cost, pesticide cost, and labor have simultaneously impacted the farmers’ income for dryland farming. The factors of seed cost have been a significant effect on the farmers’ income in dryland farming.
Communication model in the implementation of integrated cropping calendar information system in North Sumatra
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Muljono Pudji , Las Irsal , Mulyandari Retno Sri Hartati , Apriyana Yayan
Published: September 2021

Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS) is an application used to convey innovative research results related to cropping patterns, varieties, fertilization, pest attacks, agricultural tools and machinery. This study aims to identify the influencing factors and communication models in the implementation of ICCIS in the North Sumatra region. Data analysis uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method. The result showed that the ICCIS Task Force Team (TGT Katam), characteristics of farmers, and characteristics of ICCIS have positive effects on the level of implementation of ICCIS by farmers, with variable significance values of 3.902, 3.851, and 8,296, respectively. In related to the level of application of ICCIS by farmers, the analysis results have a positive effect on the added value of the use of ICCIS with a significance value of 6.509. TGT Katam received ICCIS information from the central cropping calendar team and the technical implementation unit that oversees it. TGT Katam in the North Sumatra region delivered ICCIS information to farmers through socialization and demonstration plots. Interpersonal communication and the demonstration plot media encouraged farmers to implement ICCIS recommendations. Satisfy the local wisdom, compatibility, data accuracy, trialability, observability, and relative advantage are indicators that farmers can implement ICCIS.
Feasibility analysis of traditional rice farming with combine harvester in Teureubeh Village, Aceh Besar District
Authors: Husaini  , Ardiansyah Rizki , Ismail Muhammad , Andriani Rini
Published: September 2021

Traditional rice farming requires a lot of time and effort, therefore the high farming costs needed. The use of mechanization in rice farming is a technology can give the benefit to increase the farming efficiency and anticipate the scarcity of resources. This study aims to analyse the feasibility of lowland rice farming using agricultural machinery, both technical, financial and social feasibility. The research was conducted in Teureubeh Village, Jantho City District, Aceh Besar District. Primary data obtained from the survey results assisted by qualitative data obtained from observations. The results showed that technically a combine harvester could be operated to land conditions suitable, was more profitable than the traditional method, its showed from the value of R/C (2.4), in the rice harvesting process has not had a negative impact on farmers, and has even provided benefits for farmers in harvest period due to the difficulty of labor available at the research location.
Agrifood value chain assessment in developing countries: a case of Indonesia’s cashew sector
Authors: Hidayati Dwi Ratna , Garnevska Elena , Childerhouse Paul
Published: September 2021

A value chain approach is increasingly used in the agrifood sector to help respond to the globalised food system. However, the agrifood value chain in many developing countries faces additional challenges to address any changes regarding the prevalence of smallholder players. Meanwhile, value chain studies are still limited in many developing countries, such as in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper aims to assess agrifood value chain in a developing country context. A qualitative methodology was applied in Indonesia’s cashew sector, specifically in the Sumenep Regency of Madura Island. A value chain mapping tool was used by focusing on governance (vertical-horizontal coordination and information flow) and value addition (safety, quality, and value orientation). The results showed that value chain mapping is a powerful tool to draw the complex interaction within the dynamics between different value chain actors. The exploration in Indonesia’s cashew sector showed that there is a gap in practices between actors in terms of governance and value addition. Therefore, it is recommended that smallholders’ governance participation and value adding activities be improved in order to minimize the gap of practises. The potential follow-up research is to address the maturity level of value chain practice to obtain a rigorous improvement route.
Economic analysis to optimize food plant patterns in Paloh Sub-district, Sambas District
Authors: Kilmanun Juliana C. , Burhansyah Rusli , Warman Riki
Published: September 2021

The potential of land in The Paloh sub-district for the development of rice-mung beans is quite large. The rice and mung bean cropping patterns have been cultivated by farmers. The problems faced by farmers are the use of fertilizers that are not optimal, the use of superior seeds is still low. This study aims to (1) study the use of farm inputs, costs, and income, (2) analyze the optimal cropping patterns in food crop farming in The Paloh Sub-District. Sambas District. The analytical method used is farm analysis and optimization of cropping patterns using linear programming. The results showed that the rainy season rice cropping patterns and the dry season rice cropping patterns resulted in an income of IDR 87,071,580 per year. Based on the optimization results, it was found that the rainy season rice was 0.61 ha and dry season rice was 0.88 ha.
Livelihood strategies of smallholder coffee farmers: case study in Simalungun, North Sumatera
Authors: Hartatri Diany Faila Sophia , Neilson Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

The majority of coffee in Simalungun is produced by smallholder coffee farmers who have several issues, including limited working capital, access to knowledge, technology and market information. These issues have impacted on low productivity that further has caused the low income obtained from coffee farm. The aim of this research is to understand the livelihood strategies applied by smallholder coffee farmers and to analyze the contribution of coffee to the household farmers’ income. A household survey has been carried out in 2018. The survey was conducted in Silimakuta, Dolok Silau, Purba, Pematang Silimakuta, Dolok Silau, and Pematang Purba sub districts. There were 200 smallholder coffee farmers interviewed in this research. The research showed that the majority of coffee farmers applied diversification livelihood strategies. The smallholder coffee farmers are also maintaining diverse and highly intensive horticulture production, such as citrus, potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage and chili. The research results indicate that coffee consist only part of the smallholder coffee farmers livelihood. However, coffee plays important contribution as source of smallholder coffee farmers’ income, with average coffee contribution to smallholder household farmers accounted for 42.30% to household farmers’ income. The income gained from coffee is generally spent to meet staple food needs, particularly to buy rice.
Social and economic characteristics of ISPO certified oil palm smallholders
Authors: Yanita Mirawati , Ningsih Rozaina
Published: September 2021

Oil palm plantations contribute to job creation and community welfare. Nevertheless, this commodity is still experiencing business sustainability problems among smallholders in Indonesia Certification Palm Oil (ISPO). This research studies the existing conditions of ISPO certified smallholders and has not been authenticated based on economic and social characteristics. The research was conducted in Batanghari Regency with the use of primary and secondary data. The result showed that the social aspects of smallholders who have ISPO certified are average in the productive age range. However, there are no differences in education at the primary level. As for the number of family members, smallholders who are certified than uncertified have a more significant number of family members. The farming experience of certified smallholders is lower than that of non-certified, related to the age of the crop owned to motivate and carry out sustainable agricultural practices. While from the economic aspect, based on the primary and other search points, the average number for certified is more concentrated with their palm oil cultivation by 73.86 percent than non-certified with diverse business activities. There are variations in the social and economic characteristics of certified and uncertified oil palm farmers. Good agricultural practices following the norms are necessary to ensure the sustainability of oil palm cultivation. In the future, smallholders are expected to encourage improved farming practices and improve their livelihood assets
Chili double fold production technology as promising innovation for increasing farmer income in Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarno Jaka , Saragih Ammini Amrina , Maruapey Erny Rossanti , Rahman Aryandi Kurnia
Published: September 2021

Increasing production and income of chili farmers requires technological innovation that is both technically and economically efficient. The aims of the study were: 1) to determine the agronomic and financial performance of Chili Double Fold Production (Proliga) technology, 2) to determine the attitudes and perceptions of farmers towards the Chili Proliga technology and the other introduced varieties. The study was conducted in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia in 2020. The chili varieties planted were cayenne pepper varieties Prima Agrihorti, and varieties Dewata, large chili varieties Ciko, Tanjung 2 and Inata Agrihorti hybrid. Farming financial was analyzed descriptively by calculating revenue, cost, profit and R/C. Farmers’ attitudes towards Proliga technology used Fishbein’s Multi-attribute Model analysis, and farmer perceptions used Perceptual Mapping. The results showed that the application of chili Proliga technology increased productivity of chili peppers. The results of farm financial analysis showed that chili farming with Proliga technology has an RC ratio of more than 1 which means it was feasible and efficient to implement. The attitude of farmers towards chili Proliga technology was superior when compared to the existing technology, particularly in the attributes of crop performance, productivity, and farming profits compared to the existing technology of farmers.
Intercropping technology to increase cropping index in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sihombing Yennita , Purnamayani Rima
Published: September 2021

One of the influencing factors to increase the productivity of agricultural commodities is intensive intercropping (so-called Turiman in this paper) implementation in local agroecosystem. The study aimed to determine the perception of intercropping implementation and farming analysis to increase cropping index in Pemalang Regency, Central Java Province. This study was carried out in the Kwagen village, Bodeh Sub-District, Pemalang Regency, Central Java Province with thirty respondents. Primary data were collected then analyzed for each indicator. Data were simply analyzed based on the percentage of answers on the indicators. Meanwhile, secondary data were analyzed qualitatively using the Desk Research Method. The results showed that there were 63.3% farmers understood and applied intercropping technology (Turiman), 13% farmers understood but did not implement Turiman, and 20% farmers did not know and did not implement Turiman. By implementing Turiman, farmers obtained the benefits in increasing production, optimizing land use, saving production costs, and generating income showed by the increase of BC ratio from 1.11 (no technology application) to 1.78 (Turiman application).
Management and implementation models on seed production of hybrid maize based on labor intensive
Authors: Susilawati  , Liana Twenty
Published: September 2021

The production of hybrid maize seeds at the field level can be done by farmers, with the main constraints being limited human resources and capital. For economic recovery during Covid-19 in 2020, the Gunung Mas district government launched a "Cash labor-intensive program" to the community. One of the groups, Sei Kurun farmer group, used it for an innovative and productive hybrid maize seed business. The goal is to grow group as breeder of hybrid maize seed, and empower farmers in a productive and sustainable manner. The method applied is in the form of cooperation and assistance between farmer groups, the Agriculture Service as a partner and prospective buyer of the seeds produced, and AIAT of Central Kalimantan as a companion for the application of technology. The results showed that cash funds for JH 37 hybrid maize seeds can be implemented on 3 hectares, and have produced 1.5 tons of F1 hybrid seeds, which are then sold through the District Agriculture Office program. with a profit of IDR 35,440,000. This farming is feasible with an R/C of 3.08, and becomes a profitable and sustainable farm, as well as a choice of model for using labor-intensive funds.
How does entrepreneurial orientation affect the business performance of coffee shop MSMEs in Indonesia?
Authors: Ardhi M. Khalifatul , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Irham
Published: September 2021

The increasing growth of the coffee shop business with a fast and attractive expansion as a food & beverage industry in urban areas of Indonesia, especially Special Region of Yogyakarta has led to business competition between micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) which are required to use their ability to adapt, be competitive and improve business performance. The entrepreneurial orientation is claimed to important contributions to business success. This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis method is used to examine the effect of five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (innovative, proactive, risk-taking, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness) on business performance. This research was conducted at 80 coffee shop MSMEs with the sampling technique using convenience sampling. The results showed that the dimensions of proactive, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness were found to have a positive and significant effect on business performance, while the innovative and risk-taking dimensions did not affect significantly on business performance.
Co-constructing principles for Digital Farmer Field School Enrekang Design in South Sulawesi - Indonesia
Authors: Lairing Nurdahalia , Witteveen Loes , Busa Yunus , Bagenda Arsil , Bagenda Mursalim , Addi
Published: September 2021

Considering the challenges on sustainable agriculture in the district, different institutions join hands to overcome these issues and respond to the felt need of working more integrative both in the agricultural sector and environmental knowledge system. Adding a sense of urgency due to COVID-19 into problem analysis, these institutions accelerated the ambition to develop a Digital Farmer Field School (DFFS). This paper elaborates on the co-construction of principles for the design of a Digital Farmer Field School (DFFS) by the local stakeholders in Enrekang district. The local design team design of the DFFS Enrekang is composed of a transdisciplinary team from relevant government institutions and research institutions. The design principles of DFFS are built around inclusive design principles, concepts of interface usability based on different type of access to digital technology models, responsible innovation criteria and learning principles of farmer field school (FFS). The DFFS Enrekang design principles serve as guiding principles and shared value among the collaborating institutions to combine ambition, inspiration, and accountability in the DFFS management and development processes. This tablet based digital learning platform aims to provide an alternative for farmers to access information on sustainable agricultural and environmental practices.
Balancing scientific and impact recognition on agriculture research and development in developing country
Authors: Hermanto Catur , Purnomo Sudarmadi
Published: September 2021

People discuss very seriously on an issue about the connection between research and commercialization, and the science and impact at the end. Some theories dichotomize both ends, i.e.: Death Valley, technology readiness level, research and commercialization, science and technology, and so on. Gap between scientific and impact should not be a big issue since research might only result in science, not technology, technology could be composted from several sciences, and not every technology goes directly to commercialization. However, efforts are needed to encounter the issues. On Agriculture, a long journey/sequence on Research and Development (R&D) might also contribute to the gap between scientific and impact recognition. Balancing could be done through a research consortium that able to shorten the research sequence, strengthen the concept, redesign the R&D concept, and conduct commercial research and the involvement of the private.
The role of university community programs in disseminating agriculture innovation: a case study in Sekincau Region, West Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Manik Tumiar Katarina , Timotiwu Paul Benyamin , Agustiansyah  , Pramono Eko
Published: September 2021

Universities have three complementary missions, namely research, teaching, and community services. The Lampung University community services has responsibilities to the surround communities with being active roles in educating people, doing the strategic plans of the university, implementing and disseminating various university research results. Sekincau is a region in West Lampung with a great potential for horticulture productions, however, until recently, Lampung depends on West Java for supplying of horticulture productions. Some community programs had been done consistently in this area by Agronomy faculties of Lampung University with the local agriculture extension and farmers groups. The activities included introducing and developing good quality seeds of potato and baby beans seeds until certified for progeny of basic seed, intercropping of sorghum and baby beans, introducing internet applications useful for farmers and built a start-up particularly for young farmers. The method was “training and visit” which for regions where the level of development is still very low, instructing farmers what to do was probably more appropriate. This paper evaluated university roles in disseminating innovation to farmers. In general, it can be concluded that community development and services would only effective if continually conducted by the same group and focused on certain chosen area.
Increasing rice productivity and profitability through irrigation water management and bio-fertilizer in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Nurkhaida Risqa , Hamdani Adang , Suriadi Ahmad , Heryani Nani
Published: September 2021

Limited water resources in dry land area become a crucial factor in crop production. The research aims were to determine the effect of irrigation network arrangement and application of biofertilizer on rice productivity, and the feasibility of developing irrigation infrastructure to increase farmers’ income. The study was conducted in Mbawa Village, Donggo District, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. In addition to repairing irrigation network, five different cultivation practices were applied, i.e. (1) farmer’s practice with integrated crop management, (2) farmer’s practices added with biofertilizers, (3) Recommended dosage fertilization, (4) Recommended dosage fertilization added with biofertilizer, and (5) farmer’s practices as control. Farming analysis was carried out by calculating farm cash flow, while the feasibility of developing irrigation infrastructure was carried out by calculating IRR, NPV and Net BCR. The results showed that application of biofertilizer increased the production of straw and rice yields. Farming and financial analysis of irrigation infrastructure showed that irrigation infrastructure investment was feasible to develop with a relatively fast return on capital and can increase farmers’ income. Through improved irrigation infrastructure, the use of biological fertilizers, and proper irrigation water management can increase rice productivity and farmers’ income.
Status of soil heavy metals contamination using contamination indices in shallot fields
Authors: Dewi Triyani , Martono Edhi , Hanudin Eko , Harini Rika
Published: September 2021

Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal concentrations in shallot fields are needed to evaluate the potential risk of contamination due to heavy metals. This study aims to define the status of heavy metal contamination in shallot fields using contamination indices. A total of 184 soil samples (0-20 cm) were taken from shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java. The soil samples were analyzed for the concentration of five heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Co) with HNO3 and HClO4 extracts and measured using AAS. Assessment of the status of heavy metals contamination in the soil using contaminant factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (I-geo), and pollution load index (PLI). The mean concentration in shallot fields showed the following order Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd and the concentration were still below critical limit values. Four metals are Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni are low contamination (CF<1), while Cd is considerable until very high contamination factor. Based on I-geo values, shallot fields are practically uncontaminated of Pb, Co, Ni, and Cr (I-geo<1), meanwhile the status of Cd is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated (0<I-geo<1). Generally, the shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java is unpolluted with five metals (PLI<1).
Applying organic fertilizer in cassava (Manihot esculenta) – mungbean (Vigna radiata) intercropped to improve dryland productivity
Authors: Widiastuti Eka , Erawati Baiq Tri Ratna , Hipi Awaludin , Zulhaedar Fitria
Published: September 2021

Organic matter content in the dryland farming system tends to decrease rapidlyin most of arid region of Eastern Indonesia. This experiment aimed to test that hypothesis by growing casava and mungbean with and without organic fertilizer (cattle manure) under monoculture and intercropping. The study used a factorial completely randomized block design. The first factor is two cropping systems, namely monoculture and intercropping, the second factor is 2 applications of organic fertilizer (compost), namely 1) No compost and 2) Compost. Each treatment uses 6 replications. The results showed a significant effect of treatment on cassava yield component and productivity, while mungbean growth and yield was similar between treatment. Cassava grown under intercropping system with additional cattle manure was significantly produced the longest tuber (71.40 cm) and the largest number of tubers (6.40 tubers.plant-1). It also contributed to the highest tuber productivity (28.40 t.h-1), followed by yield of casava under intercropping system without compost (26.00 t.h-1), then the casava monoculture system with compost (21.80 t.h-1). The least was the monoculture system without compost (21.70 t.h-1). This experiment proved that additional organic fertilizer under intercropping system could increase the productivity of dryland (LER = 2.13).
Design and analysis of biomass pyrolysis briquette molding machine
Authors: Putra Agus Noviar , Sabri M. , Nur Taufiq Bin
Published: September 2021

The increasing population and industry in the world have increased the energy demand. Fossil fuel still dominates the current energy consumption in Indonesia, although renewable energy sources are widely available in the country. One of the sources that can be used as a renewable energy source is solid waste as biomass from palm oil processing. The biomass can be converted to solid fuel by using the pyrolysis technique prior molded into a briquette. This study aims to analyze the biomass briquette molding machine in the simulation environment. The solid work simulation is used to analyze the machine regarding the material strength, static test, displacement, strain, and safety factor. The strength test of von mises stresses achieves a maximum value of 3.713 x 105 psi with node 43,485. It is known that the frame is still safe to use because the Yield Strange value is below the Von miss Stress value. Meanwhile, with a maximum displacement of 0.748 cm at node 62,816, a maximum strain of 0.00104 at element 43,485, and a safety factor of 3.278 x 108, it shows this briquette’s design molding machine is safe to use.
A study of integrated cattle-rice farming in rainfed fields in Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Bustami  , Hayanti Sari Yanti
Published: September 2021

The objective was to obtain information about the impact of innovation in rice cattle integration on farmers' income in Sarolangun District, Jambi by using technology IPM Paddy. A study was carried out on the utilisation of cattle waste for rice farming in rainfed rice fields in Pematang Kabau at Sarolangun District, Jambi, Indonesia, from October 2017 to February 2018. There were 25 cooperators in the Sumber Rezki farmer group divided into three treatment groups. The first group applied manure and inorganic treatment for rice cultivation and cattle maintenance with the intensive system, the second group applied inorganic treatment for rice cultivation and cattle maintenance with intensive system, and the third cooperator farmers applied no manure and inorganic treatment and cattle maintenance with extensive system. The rice variety namely Inpara 3 and Bali cattle were used in the experiment. Data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed the production of harvested dry unhulled rice in each treatment was 6.56, 4.75 and 3.51 tons/ha, and birth rate of calves was 84.6, 80, and 75% each treatment, respectively. The revenue farming analysis was Rp. 20,552,000, -, Rp. 18,606,250, - and Rp. 14,509,300, - and the RC ratio was 2.03, 1.85 and 1.64, respectively.