bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Practical and Highly Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of the Trifluoromethylpyrazol-Derived Canonical Transient Receptor ­Potential Channel (TRPC3) Inhibitor Pyr3 and Its Derivatives
Authors: Wu Zhongzhi , Li Wei
Published: January 2025

Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels play a variety of diverse biological functions. Among the subgroups of the TRPC family (TRPC3, TRPC6, and TRPC7), TRPC3 has been implicated in several diseases, including neurological and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegeneration. A pyrazole-based compound Pyr3 is a selective TRPC3 channel inhibitor which is now a standard tool compound to study conditions associated with TRPC3 dysregulation. However, the reported literature syntheses of Pyr3 either provided low yield or involved microwave reactions and harsh reaction conditions. We have developed a practical and highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of Pyr3 and its derivatives in high yields which is suitable for scale-up synthesis.
Fusion of Interventional Radiology with Surgery and Endoscopy to Advance Therapies in Complex Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Holzwanger Daniel J. , Trikantzopolous Elefterios , Nauheim David , Chauhan Anupam S. , Milsom Jeffrey W. , Pua Bradley B.
Published: January 2025

Interventional radiology techniques using image guidance have revolutionized healthcare by enabling less invasive approaches for “difficult-to-treat” conditions. Complex gastrointestinal (GI) conditions such as bowel obstructions, enterocutaneous fistulas, and other enteric maladies are major causes of morbidity and mortality; are rising in incidence worldwide; and may benefit from the integration of interventional radiology techniques into current surgical/endoscopic management strategies, analogous to cardiovascular interventions of the past few decades. Conservative medical management of these intestinal conditions can fail or result in extended hospital admissions and poor quality of life, while current operative management can be fraught with complications and death, especially in high-risk patients with prior abdominal surgeries. The prevalence of GI conditions requiring intervention and the potential for complications and morbidity with current methods, including laparoscopy, suggests that this is a field ripe for innovation. This article outlines an innovative approach to managing complex GI problems that we are developing at our institution, combining interventional radiological techniques with advanced surgical/endoscopic methods. Specifically, we attempt to highlight the benefits of a multidisciplinary team using advanced imaging guidance to perform novel percutaneous, endoscopic, and surgical procedures for high-surgical risk patients with intestinal problems requiring intervention.
The dynamic linkage and network connectivity of renewable energy and electricity markets from a time-frequency perspective
Authors: Tao Zhang , Tang Jian , Chen Yadi , Ren Zhengyu , Bu Huimei
Published: January 2025

The information spillovers between renewable energy and electricity markets are more frequent, and there is a complex dynamic linkage. Based on the time-frequency perspective, this paper adopts the methods of Time Varying Parameter-Vector Auto Regression-Stochastic Volatility and network topology analysis to examine the dynamic linkage of various renewable energy and electricity markets. The results show that the risk spillover between renewable energy and electricity markets has time-varying asymmetric. Specifically, the spillover path of electricity, hydro, and geothermal energy markets has not changed significantly before and after major emergencies, but wind, solar energy, and green power have been affected. Additionally, the time-varying spillover effect between renewable energy and electricity markets has time-lag and periodicity. In other words, the shock of electricity to renewable energy markets lasts for one week and reaches its maximum in the current period, while the shock of renewable energy to the electricity markets exceeds ten weeks and reaches its maximum after about five weeks. Finally, the medium-term negative impact of electricity on renewable energy markets is more significant, while the short-term and medium-term negative impact of renewable energy on electricity markets is stronger, except for wind energy. These findings provide valuable insights for government regulation and investment decisions in the energy market.
FreeMHD: Validation and verification of the open-source, multi-domain, multi-phase solver for electrically conductive flows
Authors: Wynne Brian , Saenz Francisco , Al-Salami Jabir , Xu Yufan , Sun Zhen , Hu Changhong , Hanada Kazuaki , Kolemen Egemen
Published: January 2025

The extreme heat fluxes in the divertor region of tokamaks may require an alternative to solid plasma-facing components, for the extraction of heat and the protection of the surrounding walls. Flowing liquid metals are proposed as an alternative, but raise additional challenges that require investigation and numerical simulations. Free surface designs are desirable for plasma-facing components, but steady flow profiles and surface stability must be ensured to limit undesirable interactions with the plasma. Previous studies have mainly used steady-state, 2D, or simplified models for internal flows and have not been able to adequately model free-surface liquid metal (LM) experiments. Therefore, FreeMHD has been recently developed as an open-source magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solver for free-surface electrically conductive flows subject to a strong external magnetic field. The FreeMHD solver computes incompressible free-surface flows with multi-region coupling for the investigation of MHD phenomena involving fluid and solid domains. The model utilizes the finite-volume OpenFOAM framework under the low magnetic Reynolds number approximation. FreeMHD is validated using analytical solutions for the velocity profiles of closed channel flows with various Hartmann numbers and wall conductance ratios. Next, experimental measurements are then used to verify FreeMHD, through a series of cases involving dam breaking, 3D magnetic fields, and free-surface LM flows. These results demonstrate that FreeMHD is a reliable tool for the design of LM systems under free surface conditions at the reactor scale. Furthermore, it is flexible, computationally inexpensive, and can be used to solve fully 3D transient MHD flows.
Nonlinear field dependence of Hall effect and high-mobility multi-carrier transport in an altermagnet CrSb
Authors: Bai Yuqing , Xiang Xinji , Pan Shuang , Zhang Shichao , Chen Haifeng , Chen Xi , Han Zhida , Xu Guizhou , Xu Feng
Published: January 2025

As a promising candidate for altermagnet, CrSb possesses a distinctive compensated spin split band structure that could lead to groundbreaking concepts in the field of spintronics. In this work, we have grown high-quality CrSb single crystals and comprehensively investigated their electronic and magneto-transport properties. We have observed large, positive, and non-saturated magnetoresistance (MR) in CrSb, which obeys Kohler's rule, indicating its classic Lorentz scattering origins. The largest MR can reach 27% at 10 K and 9 T. Remarkably, a nonlinear magnetic field dependence of Hall effect resembling the spontaneous anomalous Hall is identified over a wide temperature range. It was found that the nonlinearity mainly stems from the incorporation of different carriers in the magnetoconductivity. According to the Fermi surface analyses of CrSb, we applied the three-carrier model to fit the conductivity data, yielding good agreement. The extracted carrier concentration ranges from 1018 to 1021 cm−3, with a high mobility up to ∼3 × 103 cm2/V s below 50 K. These indicate that CrSb behaves more like a semimetal. Furthermore, calculations using the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory have reproduced the main features of the experimental MR and Hall effect in CrSb. These exceptional transport properties make CrSb unique for applications in spintronics as an altermagnet.
Residual-ZZ-coupling suppression and fast two-qubit gate for Kerr-cat qubits based on level-degeneracy engineering
Authors: Aoki Takaaki , Tomonaga Akiyoshi , Mizuno Kosuke , Masuda Shumpei
Published: January 2025

Building large-scale quantum computers requires an interqubit-coupling scheme with a high on–off ratio to avoid unwanted crosstalk coming from residual coupling and to enable fast multi-qubit operations. We propose a ZZ-coupling scheme for two Kerr-cat qubits with a frequency-tunable coupler. By making four relevant states of the two Kerr-cat qubits quadruply degenerate, we can switch off the ZZ coupling. By partially lifting the level degeneracy, we can switch it on. We theoretically show that an experimentally feasible circuit model suppresses the residual ZZ coupling. Moreover, our circuit can realize RZZ(−π/2)-gate fidelity higher than 99.9% within 18 ns when decoherence is ignored. Our model includes the first-order terms in expansion beyond the rotating-wave approximation.
Mn doped in SOD-BN: A half-metallic ferromagnet with high Curie temperature and large magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Fu Jiaqi , Gao Shuangxu , Du Qiuying , Zhang Ruotong , Yang Hui , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

Searching for practicable half-metallic ferromagnets (HMFs) with a high Curie temperature and large magnetic anisotropic energy is crucial for advancing next-generation spintronic devices. Here, we predict a promising material, Mn-doped sodalite-like boron nitride (Mn@SOD-BN), using density functional theory. Specifically, Mn@SOD-BN possesses 100% spin polarization with a large half-metal direct bandgap of about 2.05 eV, which can effectively prevent spin-flip scattering during spin transport. Mn@SOD-BN exhibits a robust ferromagnetic ground state under carrier doping and external strain. Monte Carlo simulations based on the classical Heisenberg model predict a Curie temperature of 670 K for Mn@SOD-BN, which is attributed to the strong exchange interactions between Mn-3d and N-2p orbitals. Moreover, Mn@SOD-BN exhibits a sizable magnetic anisotropy energy of 365 μeV per Mn atom. Therefore, Mn@SOD-BN is a promising HMF for practical spintronic devices. In addition, the significant value of the absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet region of Mn@SOD-BN poses it as a potential candidate for ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.
Reactor optimization strategies for remote plasma sources: Numerical insights into argon inductively coupled plasma at Torr pressures
Authors: Jo Sanghyun , Kim Ho Jun
Published: January 2025

The semiconductor industry increasingly relies on remote plasma sources (RPS) for advanced processing techniques. In this study, we numerically explored the performance optimization of inductively coupled plasma at pressures above 1 Torr, suitable for RPS applications. Using a two-dimensional fluid model, we examined how process parameters affect plasma density and analyzed the contributions of various chemical reactions to plasma density changes in an argon discharge. Our findings show that increasing radio frequency (RF) power, gas pressure, and flow rate elevates electron and ion densities in the downstream region of the RPS. The increase in RF power generates strong inductive heating, which leads to convective transport of thermal energy in the downstream region of the RPS. This transferred thermal energy is expected to efficiently transfer radicals downstream through dissociation reactions with low threshold energy. Increased flow rates boost ion flux and improve axial electron transport, while elevated pressures lower electron temperatures and reduce the ambipolar field. We also observed that ion distribution is influenced by multi-component diffusion downstream. Thus, optimizing power, flow rate, and pressure enhances radical transport efficiency to the lower stage of the RPS. These results were validated experimentally using a Langmuir probe in argon discharge, confirming our numerical predictions.
Growth and structure of alpha-Ta films for quantum circuit integration
Authors: Alegria Loren D. , Abelson Alex , Kim Eunjeong , Im Soohyun , Voyles Paul M. , Lordi Vincenzo , DuBois Jonathan L , Rosen Yaniv J.
Published: January 2025

Tantalum films incorporated into superconducting circuits have exhibited low surface losses, resulting in long-lived qubit states. The remaining loss pathways originate in microscopic defects that manifest as two level systems (TLSs) at low temperatures. These defects limit performance, so careful attention to tantalum film structures is critical for optimal use in quantum devices. In this work, we investigate the growth of tantalum using magnetron sputtering on sapphire, Si, and photoresist substrates. In the case of sapphire, we present procedures for the growth of fully-oriented films with α-Ta [1 1 1]//Al2O3 [0 0 0 1] and α-Ta [1 −1 0]//Al2O3 [1 0 −1 0] orientational relationships and having residual resistivity ratio (RRR) ∼ 60 for 220 nm thick films. On Si, we find a complex grain texturing with Ta [1 1 0] normal to the substrate and RRR ∼ 30. We further demonstrate airbridge fabrication using Nb to nucleate α-Ta on photoresist surfaces. For the films on sapphire, resonators show TLS-limited quality factors of 1.3 ± 0.3 × 106 at 10 mK (for a waveguide gap and conductor width of 3 and 6 μm, respectively). Structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, low temperature transport, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy reveal the dependence of residual impurities and screw dislocation density on processing conditions. The results provide practical insights into the fabrication of advanced superconducting devices including qubit arrays and guide future works on crystallographically deterministic qubit fabrication.
Self-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid growth of GaS nanobelt for nano-optoelectronic applications
Authors: Endo Yukihiro , Sekine Yoshiaki , Taniyasu Yoshitaka
Published: January 2025

GaS, with the largest bandgap of group III–VI van der Waals semiconductors, is a potential building block of optoelectronic applications. In addition, one-dimensional structures, such as nanobelts, are preferable for integration into future nano-optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrated self-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth of a GaS nanobelt by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Ga-rich growth conditions caused Ga particles to be generated in the initial growth step. The nanobelt grew from a Ga particle, which acted as a catalyst. The fabricated nanobelt photodetector showed a high ON/OFF ratio and the dark current was under the detection limit. Moreover, compared with an exfoliated GaS flake photodetector, it had one order of magnitude higher responsivity. These outstanding photoresponse properties indicate that self-catalyzed VLS growth of GaS nanobelts is a promising bottom-up integration approach for nano-optoelectronic applications.
Large eddy simulation modeling of incompressible turbulence governed by vorticity transport equations
Authors: Hou Ximeng , Chang Ning , Yuan Zelong , Wang Yunpeng , Peng Huaiwu , Zhang Rikui , Wang Jianchun
Published: January 2025

We study large eddy simulation (LES) in the form of vorticity transport equations (VTE), employing six subgrid-scale (SGS) models, including the dynamic Smagorinsky model, dynamic mixed model, velocity gradient model, scale similarity model, approximate deconvolution model, and dynamic iterative approximate deconvolution (DIAD) model. In the a priori study, the correlation coefficient of SGS vorticity stress given by DIAD is significantly higher than those of other structural models, and the relative error of DIAD is the lowest. In the a posteriori validation, structural models outperform functional models in predicting energy spectra, enstrophy spectra, and probability density functions (PDFs) of vorticity, strain-rate tensor, SGS enstrophy flux, and enstrophy production term. These results confirm the feasibility of VTE-based LES. They also indicate that the classic modeling approaches for the SGS terms in filtered Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) are also applicable to the SGS counterparts in filtered VTE.
Plasma dynamics of a wire-shorted rod-pinch diode for flash x-ray radiography
Authors: Zhang Peizhou , Shi Huantong , Wang Dongsheng , Xu Ming , Wang Tongquan , Han Jingrui , Jiang Zhiyuan , Wu Jian , Li Xingwen
Published: January 2025

The rod-pinch diode (RPD) is one of the most iconic load configurations for flash x-ray radiography, which offers advantages of simple structure and high-quality x-ray spot. While physical models have been well-developed for the classic vacuum RPD since the 1970s, research remains lacking for its low-impedance variant using a metal wire to pre-short the anode–cathode gap, particularly on the plasma dynamics following electrical wire explosion (EWE) in the diode. The wire-shorted RPD features an operating impedance of <1 Ω, which is desirable on a high-current low-impedance pulse driver for high x-ray dose conversion. This work investigates the joint phenomenology from the plasma diagnostics, electrical measurements, and radiation detections of a wire-shorted RPD, offering a novel perspective on its plasma behaviors. Results from both experiment and magneto-hydrodynamic simulation show that the wire trailing mass persists throughout the x-ray emission phase, with only fractional mass adjacent to the anode pushed toward the rod tip. Unlike the micro diode at rod tip in a plasma-prefilled RPD, the much denser EWE plasma in a wire-shorted RPD forms an extended current return path prior to x-ray burst, and the electrons pinched at the rod tip are emitted from a large cathode area.
Implementation of scalable suspended superinductors
Authors: Jünger Christian , Chistolini Trevor , Nguyen Long B. , Kim Hyunseong , Chen Larry , Ersevim Thomas , Livingston William , Koolstra Gerwin , Santiago David I. , Siddiqi Irfan
Published: January 2025

Superinductors have become a crucial component in the superconducting circuit toolbox, playing a key role in the development of more robust qubits. Enhancing the performance of these devices can be achieved by suspending the superinductors from the substrate, thereby reducing stray capacitance. Here, we present a fabrication framework for constructing superconducting circuits with suspended superinductors in planar architectures. To validate the effectiveness of this process, we systematically characterize both resonators and qubits with suspended arrays of Josephson junctions, ultimately confirming the high quality of the superinductive elements. In addition, this process is broadly compatible with other types of superinductors and circuit designs. Our results not only pave the way for scalable superconducting architectures utilizing superinductors but also provide the primitive for future investigation of loss mechanisms associated with the device substrate.
Campus-Community Partnership for One Health: Harnessing a Semi-Urban Community’s Participatory History to Address WASH needs in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Nwadibia Aja Godwin
Published: January 2025

This One Health case highlights a community-based initiative implemented by Babcock University Department of Public Health (BU-DPH), to provide access to water through campus-community collaboration. BU-DPH engaged the semi-urban community by (1) meeting with local leaders to discuss the purpose of the project and obtaining necessary permissions, (2) developing and conducting a community survey to identify the felt health needs of the people, (3) analysing the data to prioritize the top needs, (4) presenting and discussing the data with community leaders and campus authorities, (5) deflating the expectation of the community leaders that BU-DPH should address the identified need, (6) developing an inventory of their past community self-help development initiatives and achievements to elicit commitment and motivation to address the identified water need by the people, with the people, and for the people, and (7) inviting BU to contribute to the expectation of the people by installing water pipes outside the campus walls to complement the efforts of the community leaders to reduce the risk of the transmission of water-related diseases in the spirit of campus-community partnership for One Health. The initiative led to the construction of four deep wells using resources from the community, supported with additional water pumps from BU and continued education on ways and means of reducing zoonotic waterborne diseases. For sustainability, the community’s development committee (DC) provided oversight. This case illustrates how a campus-community approach implemented systematically resonated the underlying participatory history/philosophy of a community to address identified One Health need with multiplier benefits at the individual, community, and institutional levels of influence.

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Biological Control of Fusarium Head Blight in Cereals: Insights into Molecular Interactions within the Pathosystem
Authors: Petrucci Arianna , Sarrocco Sabrina , Jensen Birgit , Collinge David B.
Published: January 2025

Small cereals such as wheat, barley, and oat are staple food that directly (food) and indirectly (feed) sustain large populations globally. However, their production is increasingly threatened by both abiotic and biotic stresses. Biotic stresses, primarily caused by plant pathogen such as fungi, bacteria, oomycota and viruses are responsible for nearly half of the annual crop losses. Many plant pathogens produce mycotoxins, which contaminate crops and pose significant risks affecting human health.
Fusarium
spp., particularly those associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) on cereal, are mycotoxin producers. The economic and health impacts of FHB make it a critical area of research. Although several strategies exist to control FHB, none can fully eradicate the disease. Challenges include pathogen resistance to chemical fungicides and regulatory restriction on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Biological control offers a sustainable alternative, utilizing living organism to counteract pathogens. Here we explore the mechanisms of biological control based on complex molecular patterns involved during the three-way interaction between plant, pathogen and biocontrol agent. We analyze the FHB pathosystem and associated BCAs from multiple perspectives, providing a comprehensive insight to BCAs efficacy.

Information

© The Authors 2025
Sphingolipid metabolism orchestrates establishment of the hair follicle stem cell compartment
Authors: Peters Franziska , Höfs Windie , Lee Hunki , Brodesser Susanne , Kruse Kai , Drexler Hannes C.A. , Hu Jiali , Raker Verena K. , Lukas Dominika , von Stebut Esther , Krönke Martin , Niessen Carien M. , Wickström Sara A.
Published: January 2025

Sphingolipids serve as building blocks of membranes to ensure subcellular compartmentalization and facilitate intercellular communication. How cell type–specific lipid compositions are achieved and what is their functional significance in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance has remained unclear. Here, we identify a stem cell–specific role for ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) in orchestrating fate decisions in skin epidermis. Deletion of CerS4 prevents the proper development of the adult hair follicle bulge stem cell (HFSC) compartment due to altered differentiation trajectories. Mechanistically, HFSC differentiation defects arise from an imbalance of key ceramides and their derivate sphingolipids, resulting in hyperactivation of noncanonical Wnt signaling. This impaired HFSC compartment establishment leads to disruption of hair follicle architecture and skin barrier function, ultimately triggering a T helper cell 2–dominated immune infiltration resembling human atopic dermatitis. This work uncovers a fundamental role for a cell state–specific sphingolipid profile in stem cell homeostasis and in maintaining an intact skin barrier.
BSM-NET: multi-bandwidth, multi-scale and multi-modal fusion network for 3D object detection of 4D radar and LiDAR
Authors: Jiang Tiezhen , Kang Runjie , Li Qingzhu
Published: January 2025

In recent years, with the rapid advancement of autonomous driving technology, the requirements for environmental perception tasks have become increasingly important. Four-dimensional (4D) millimeter-wave radar, an economical and reliable technology, has begun to attract attention. Additionally, LiDAR can measure accurately and is not easily interfered with, so it is also very popular. To overcome the limitations of single-sensor perception, this paper proposes the BSM-NET method, a multi-bandwidth, multi-scale, multi-modal fusion approach for 4D radar and LiDAR. This paper uses image technology to clean point cloud data, reducing errors and noise. BSM-NET consists of two key modules: multi-bandwidth fusion (MBF) and multi-scale fusion (MSF). MBF enhances data quality by capturing point cloud density and addressing issues such as gap filling and noise reduction. MSF improves accuracy and robustness through high-precision calculations. For better integration, we use the radar and LiDAR based multi-modal fusion (RLMF), which enables different types of data to learn from each other, allowing us to effectively fuse 80-line LiDAR and 4D radar data. Experimental results demonstrate that BSM-NET significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithms on Dual-Radar dataset. Compared to M2-Fusion, our fusion method achieves notable performance improvements of 2.04% and 2.21% in medium-difficulty 3D object detection and bird’s eye view detection for the vehicle category, respectively.
Adaptive demodulation extraction transform for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery
Authors: Cui Lingli , Chen Jiahui , Liu Dongdong , Sun Shuwen
Published: January 2025

The accurate analysis of close and crossed frequency components is a challenge for the existing time–frequency analysis methods due to energy interference in the adjacent and crossing parts. In addition, the energy error at the intersection is caused because the energy value is superimposed repeatedly. To solve these problems, a new adaptive demodulation extraction transform (ADET) is proposed in this paper. An instantaneous frequency (IF) trajectory estimation method and an amplitude extraction (AE) matrix are designed to accurately identify the adjacent and crossing frequencies. The IF trajectory is calculated using the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the generalized demodulation technique. The AE matrix extracts the energy value from the time–frequency domain by a position function, which converts the IF trajectory to corresponding time–frequency information. Moreover, an iteration procedure is designed to avoid the superposition of energy at the crossing point. The effectiveness of ADET is confirmed through simulated and experimental signals.
A review of optical flow velocimetry in fluid mechanics
Authors: Jassal Gauresh Raj , Schmidt Bryan E
Published: January 2025

Optical flow methods have been developed over the past two decades for application to particle image velocimetry (PIV) images with the goal of acquiring higher resolution measurements of the velocity field than conventional cross-correlation (CC)-based techniques. Numerous optical flow velocimetry (OFV) algorithms have been devised to solve the ill-posed optical flow problem, with various physics-inspired strategies to tailor them to fluid flows. While OFV can be applied to continuous scalar fields, it has demonstrated the most success on images of tracer particles, i.e. traditional planar PIV images. Compared to state-of-the-art CC algorithms, OFV methods have demonstrated an order of magnitude increase in spatial resolution and up to a factor of two improvement in overall accuracy when evaluated on synthetic data, at the cost of increased computational time. The requirements for particle seeding density, inter-frame displacement, and image quality are also more stringent for OFV methods compared to CC. OFV has been applied sparingly in experiments to date, but appears to offer the same advantages demonstrated on synthetic data. At this stage, OFV seems best suited to planar velocity measurements, although extensions to stereoscopic measurements have been demonstrated.
Damping-regulated GSR array method for multi-harmonic fault diagnosis under variable speed conditions
Authors: Zhang Xuerui , Chen Kehan , Wang Huiqi
Published: January 2025

Bearing fault diagnosis under variable speed conditions is essential due to the complexities introduced by speed fluctuations. The accurate detection of multi-harmonic faults is critical for ensuring reliability in intricate operating environments. From the perspective of the beneficial effects of noise, in this study we propose a novel damping-regulated generalized stochastic resonance (GSR) array method designed for multi-harmonic fault diagnosis under variable speed conditions. First, we employ computed order tracking to transform non-stationary time-domain signals into stationary signals in the angular domain. A damping-regulated GSR oscillator is then introduced within this domain, forming the basis of our GSR array. By analyzing the system stationary response, we reveal the diagnostic performance in theory to assess the array’s capacity for enhancing multi-harmonic fault characteristics. Through simulations and experimental validation, our method demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy, particularly in variable speed scenarios. It excels in preserving and enhancing weak multi-harmonic fault characteristics while offering significant advantages in high diagnostic robustness. These findings provide significant potential for practical applications in fault diagnostics across various engineering systems.
The electronic transport properties of parabolic topological edge states
Authors: Wang Lu Yun
Published: January 2025

The broadly studied topological edge states in two-dimensional materials are usually of a linear dispersion relation. However, the transport of non-Dirac topological edge states is rarely studied. Here, we report the finding of topological edge states with a parabolic dispersion. The topological nature of the states is supported by spatial wave function, Chern number calculation and the quantized linear conductance. The parabolic dispersion aspect of the edge states can be verified via a double-barrier junction which acts as a Fabry–Perot interferometer. For the parabolic dispersion edges states, the Fermi energy E dependent resonance peaks spacing δ shows a

δ
∼

E

relation. In contrast, for the linear dispersion edges states, δ is a constant. Finally, the transport properties of parabolic topological edge states under Anderson disorder are studied. It is found that under a strong disorder, the quantized conductance is sensitive to the Fermi energy, but unaffected by the sample length.
Soliton solutions of a nonlinear ANNV equation via extended Riccati mapping method
Authors: Wang S-F
Published: January 2025

In this paper, an improved model of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov- Veselov (ANNV) equation is considered and its solutions are studied via extended Riccati mapp- ing method. Also, the different types of soliton solutions are fabricated. Moreover, the local domain and self-similar fractal structures (SFSs) are explored. The results obtained not only contribute to our understanding of the fluid dynamics or nonlinear optics, but also lay the founda- tion for further research in this field, and the revealed solitary wave solutions have the potential to inform the development of more accurate prediction models for nonlinear dynamics.
Characterization of motor nerve stimulation using sinusoidal low frequency alternating currents and cuff electrodes
Authors: Alhawwash A , Horn M R , Lazorchak N , Yoshida K
Published: January 2025

Objective: Direct electrical neurostimulation using continuous sinusoidal low frequency alternating currents (LFAC) is an emerging modality for neuromodulation. As opposed to the traditional rectangular pulse stimulation, there is limited background on the characteristics of peripheral nerves responses to sinusoidal LFAC stimulation; especially within the low frequency range (

<

50 Hz). In this study, we demonstrate LFAC activation as a means to activate motor nerves by direct bipolar nerve stimulation via cuff electrodes, and characterize the factors of activation. We study and quantify the effects of sinusoidal frequency and electrode geometry on the motor nerve activation threshold in-vivo and in computational models, in-silico. Approach: Acute in-vivo experiments (N = 34) were conducted on isoflurane-anaesthetized rats. A pure tone continuous sinusoidal current was applied to the rat sciatic nerve in bipolar configurations via bipolar or tripolar nerve cuff electrodes (different contact separations). LFAC activation thresholds were quantified by measuring the electromyogram (EMG) response of the triceps surae muscles and the induced twitch force to LFAC stimulation at six frequencies (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 20 Hz). Computationally, we utilized a volume conductor model of a bipolar cuff electrode around a single rat-size fascicle and projected the potentials to the McIntyre-Richardson-Grill models of myelinated motor nerve fibers. We compared the in-silico responses of a range of fiber diameters (5.7 to 16µm) to LFAC stimulation and their activation thresholds to the in-vivo findings. Main results: Sinusoidal LFAC stimulation elicited motor nerve activity in-vivo and in-silico, with a remarkable convergence of the in-silico predictions to the in-vivo observations. The EMG activity showed that muscle responses to LFAC stimulation were phase-locked to the sinusoidal cycle but exhibited two distinct activation modes. These modes were classified as burst and unitary, indicating the presence of two distinct patterns of muscle activation during LFAC stimulation. The LFAC motor activation threshold was significantly dependent on frequency and influenced by the contact separation of the cuff electrode, with a greater extent of reduction at a higher frequency or wider separation. Moreover, the order of fiber recruitment was suggested to be normal-physiological (small-to-large caliber) given the nature of the induced EMG activity and in-silico predictions. Significance: These findings provide significant insights into the nature of sinusoidal LFAC stimulation, at the explored range of frequency, and the expected mammalian peripheral motor nerve responses to LFAC. The characteristics of sinusoidal LFAC stimulation would facilitate selectivity approaches in a broader range of therapeutic and rehabilitative neuromodulation applications.
On the optimal convergence rate for the Metropolis algorithm in one dimension
Authors: Patrón A , Chepelianskii A D , Prados A , Trizac E
Published: January 2025

We study the relaxation of the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm corresponding to a single particle trapped in a one-dimensional confining potential, with even jump distributions that ensure that the dynamics verifies detailed balance: in particular, how can one minimise the characteristic time for reaching the target equilibrium probability distribution function? To work out the corresponding optimal sampling method, we study the physical mechanisms that affect the dynamics. Previous work suggested that, for smooth jump distributions, the fastest convergence rate is obtained as a result of the competition between diffusive and rejection-dominated dynamics. In this work, we show that a new relevant physical regime comes into play for two-peaked jump distributions, where the relaxation dynamics is dominated neither by diffusion nor by rejection: the eigenmodes adopt an oscillatory form, reminiscent of charge density waves (CDW)—thus we term this new regime the CDW regime. Using a combination of numerical and analytical techniques, the parameter regions corresponding to diffusion, rejection, and CDW are characterised, as well as the transition lines between them. Therefore, a phase diagram is built, in which there are two order parameters characterising each of the phase transitions: the Inverse Participation Ratio and the Fidelity—reminiscent of the quantum fidelity. The optimal convergence rate is located at the triple point of phase coexistence, where the transition lines (diffusive-rejection, diffusive-CDW, and CDW-rejection) intersect. We then address the fundamental problem of finding the optimal jump distribution, without any assumption on its functional form. Our theoretical framework is checked against the numerical diagonalisation of the master equation for the case of harmonic confinement, which is the paradigmatic example of a convex potential with only one minimum. We also briefly discuss more sophisticated attempts at optimising the convergence rate to equilibrium.
Violation of ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels in spin rings for the singlet
Authors: Heson David , Starr Shannon , Thornton Jacob
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate a violation of the ‘ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels’ conjecture (FOEL) for even length spin rings. The FOEL conjecture was a guess made by Nachtergaele, Spitzer and an author for the Heisenberg model on certain graphs: a family of inequalities, the first of which is the statement that the spectral gap of the Heisenberg model equals the gap of the random walk. That first guess was originally a conjecture of Aldous which was later proved by Caputo, Liggett and Richthammer. We claim that for spin rings of even length L > 4, the lowest spin S = 0 energy is lower than the lowest spin S = 1 energy. This violates the

(
L

/

2
)

th inequality in the FOEL conjecture. Our methodology is largely numerical: we have applied exact diagonalization up to L = 20. We also rigorously consider the Hamiltonian of the Heisenberg spin ring for even length L projected to the spin S = 0 sector. We prove that it has a unique ground state. Then, using the single mode approximation the uniqueness explains the energy turn-around. Important insight comes from reconsideration of previous work by Sutherland, using the Bethe ansatz. Especially important is a work of Dhar and Shastry that goes beyond the Bethe ansatz.
Growth and production of shallots (allium cepa L) at various volumes and watering intervals: case study in nganjuk district
Authors: Krismiratsih F , Fibriani S , Ni’mah K , Pristiwaningsih E R , Suyitno
Published: January 2025

Shallots are one of the leading horticultural commodities in Nganjuk Regency. Water is one of the limiting factors in shallot cultivation activities to require sufficient water availability every day to produce optimally. This research aims to provide recommendations for appropriate water supply in shallot cultivation activities. This experiment was carried out from August to September 2024. Red onion planting was carried out in polybags with a diameter of 15 cm with a planting media composition of soil: compost: cocopeat with a volume ratio of 1:1:1. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with 4 replications. The first plot is the irrigation volume based on Field capacity moisture content which includes 4 levels, namely 50% (p1), 100% (p2), 150% (p3), and 200% (p4) and the subplot is the watering interval which consists of 4 The levels are 1 time a day in the morning (p1), 1 time a day in the afternoon (p2), and twice a day (p3). Observation variables in this study included plant height at 3, 4, and 5 WAP, number of leaves at 3.4 and 5 WAP, wet weight of tubers, and number of tubers per cluster.
Exploring the potential of Aloe vera extract for enhancing meatball textural characteristics
Authors: Indarto Cahyo , Prihanta Wahyu , Ulya Millatul , Supriyanto
Published: January 2025

Texture is a critical quality parameter for meatballs, influencing consumer preference and marketability. Typically, texture enhancement in meat products is achieved through the use of various synthetic or animal-derived additives, which can raise concerns related to health, cost, and consumer acceptance. Gelling agent is a commonly used to improve texture by promoting protein cross-linking, leading to a firmer and more cohesive product. However, there is growing interest in exploring natural and plant-based alternatives to conventional additives. This study aims to analyze the efficacy of Aloe vera extract in improving the texture quality of meatballs. The experiment compares three groups: meatballs prepared with transglutaminase from Aloe vera, those without any transglutaminase (control), and those with commercial transglutaminase. Key parameters analyzed include texture (measured with a Texture Analyzer), water content, and water holding capacity (WHC). Results indicate that transglutaminase from Aloe vera significantly enhances meatball texture, showing increase in texture strength (Springiness 0.52) compared to the control. Additionally, the Aloe vera-treated meatballs demonstrated increase in water content (70.14) and an 23.41% in WHC. These findings suggest that transglutaminase from Aloe vera has strong potential as a natural gelling agent for improving meatball quality.
The effect of adding cassava leaves and fermentation duration on the mocaf quality
Authors: Hamid M A , Ho W T , Yeap C H , Devi M , In’am A , Effendi M M
Published: January 2025

Protein content is an important indicator of mocaf for its better substitution on wheat flour in product development. The fermentation is found able to improve the protein content of cassava flour but the rise is unsatisfied and inconsistent due to a multitude of influencing factors. This research was aimed to produce the mocaf with higher protein by adding the cassava leaves as alternative protein source. The different concentration of cassava leaves (3% and 5%) were added into the mocaf production in the L. plantarum fermentation of 24 hrs and 48 hrs. The yield of final product, proximate and physicochemical analysis were carried out to all the formulation and the storage analysis was only done on the best formulation. The addition of cassava leaves into the mocaf had resulted in higher ash and crude fiber contents, similar moisture and crude fat contents and lower carbohydrate content as compared to the native mocaf. Overall, it was reported that there was significantly (p<0.05) increase of crude protein content in the mocaf with 5% cassava leaves and the highest crude protein content was recorded for 48 hours fermentation period. Thus, F6 was the best formulation and it was safe consumed over the 8 months storage period.
Combination of thermal and non-thermal pasteurization of siam semboro orange juice
Authors: Wibowo M J , Kurnianto M F , Kusumasari F C , Bakri A , Rachmanita R E , Triardianto D , Hariono B
Published: January 2025

Siam Semboro orange juice is a processed product that is in great demand. Heating is a conventional method that is commonly used to reduce microbial contamination and ensure product safety, but the possibility of damage to taste, nutrition and physicochemical properties cannot be avoided, so there is a need for non-thermal processing alternatives. This research combines processing technology with minimal heat treatment with pasteurization temperatures of 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and pulsed electric field application times of 30, 60 and 90 seconds with a high voltage HPEF source in the form of a flyback TV type BSC25-T1010A with a voltage of 30 kV installed in 2 units in series and the pasteurization heat source is a 600watt electric heating element. Research parameters include total bacteria (TPC), TDS, TSS, pH and Vitamin C. The combination of A3B2 treatment (90 seconds; 60°C) can reduce the total microbes of 2.7 log cycles. The treatment of physical and chemical property parameters on the combination of heat and HPEF generally had a significant influence
Production of tapai contained probiotic-candidate yeast as emerging food made from cassava for enhanced microflora gut health
Authors: Nurhayati N , Subagio A , Wahyuni I , Purwandari U
Published: January 2025

Emerging food is developed from local commodities to support food security and consumer health from natural ingredients. The aim of these research was to produce the probiotic tapai from cassava using native strains isolated from Indonesian tapai. The research stages carried out were formulating tapai probiotics using local strains, then carrying out inoculation, fermentation and quality analysis. There were six treatments in this study and four treatments were designed for fermentation using local probiotics from preliminary research. Sensory analysis was conducted to determine the preferred tapai as the best product. Based on the research showed the best tapai probiotic formula is the F6 formula which is prepared with the addition of NKL tapai yeast and 1% Kodamaea ohmeri. The survival of probiotic yeast on tapai was 52.68-82.71%. It can be concluded that tapai products can be functional food products that have the potential to increase probiotic bacteria.
Eggs production yield and physical quality eggs of laying quail by inclusion of Clitoria ternatea flour as a phytobiotic in the diets
Authors: Hafsah  , Sulistiawati Dwi , Tahir Muhammad , Damayanti Andi Pertiwi , Nurfadillah Andi , Al Shahab Muhammed Rasyiq
Published: January 2025

Feed ingredients need to be managed well to maximize quail production potential. In addition to having the right amount and quality of nutrients to maximize egg production, that feed can serve as a source of phytobiotics to help maintain health. The butterfly pea (Clitoria Ternatea), which has flowers that has vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, is one feed that can be used as a source of phytobiotics. The study was conducted to determine the quantity and quality of eggs produced by laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) by adding butterfly flower (BF) flour to diets as a source of phytobiotics. At total of 180 laying quails were treated in this study, which 6 treatments with 3 replicates. Experimental diets were offered ad libitum and water were available at all time. The study was resulted highly significant (P<0.01) affected quail day production(QDP) and index of yolk color. Whereas feed intake and feed conversion ratio were found to be significantly (P<0.05) affected. Egg weight, egg index, egg yolk, yolk index, egg albumen, shell weight, and shell thickness, however, were not significantly (P>0.05) impacted. Butterfly flower (Clitoria Ternatea) flour can be used as a natural phytobiotics and can increase the number of eggs and the yolk’s color score without affecting the physical quality of the eggs.
Fuzzy logic model on web-based citrus mapping and marketing geographic information system
Authors: Wibowo Nugroho Setyo , Sundari Sri , Dhamayanthi Wenny , Sugiartono Endro , Suparto
Published: January 2025

Jember Regency is the second largest producer of citrus in East Java Province with a production of 131,855 tons or 27.45% of the total citrus production. Siamese orange production continues to increase, from 852,359 in 2011 to 1,370,422 in 2015. In 2016, the production of siamese oranges was the largest production compared to other types of fruit in Jember Regency, which amounted to 1,348,767 tons of 4,222,455 tons of fruit crop production in Jember Regency (BPS Jember Regency, 2017). In terms of sales, these siam oranges are not only in the local market and the nearest inter-regional market but have also been marketed outside the city such as Yogyakarta, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya and Bali (pertanian.jatimprov.go.id). In order to improve and optimize the agricultural land of citrus plants and to find out the marketing of citrus fruit in Jember Regency, a fuzzy logic model was developed as an artificial intelligent base that can not only visualize the distribution of citrus agricultural land but also can provide an overview of citrus fruit marketing data in Jember Regency so that later it can be used as a basis for decision making by interested parties in Jember Regency, especially those related to citrus fruit. This research aims to apply fuzzy logic models as artificial intelligence about the value and parameters of land data and citrus fruit marketing in Jember Regency so that the model can be applied to a web-based geographic information system application of land mapping and citrus marketing that can help farmers and related agencies in Jember Regency.