bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La montée des intermédiaires
Authors: Roueff Olivier
Published: August 2010

Résumé Cet article analyse la formation du champ du jazz français à partir des activités des intermédiaires qui prennent en charge la définition et la mise en relation pratique des producteurs et des consommateurs (impresarios, producteurs, programmateurs, journalistes, éditeurs). Leur activité consiste à tenter de contrôler les conditions de la réception, c’est-à-dire d’anticiper, d’orienter et de capter les effets de la réception par la prescription des catégories d’évaluation incorporées (les formes légitimes d’expériences du jazz) et objectivées (les dispositifs stabilisés d’appréciation). L’enquête s’attache aux processus classiquement décrits lorsqu’on s’intéresse à la formation d’un champ artistique (émergence d’un marché spécifique, spécialisation des producteurs et affirmation d’instances de consécration indépendantes), mais aussi aux logiques spécifiques des deux processus qui concernent les « perdants » de l’autonomisation, à savoir la disqualification des amateurs et la domestication des audiences.
Le goût jazzistique en son champ
Authors: Lizé Wenceslas
Published: August 2010

Résumé Aux styles de jazz apparus à différentes périodes de l’histoire du genre correspondent tendanciellement des goûts et des amateurs qui occupent des positions distantes voire opposées dans l’espace des classes moyennes et supérieures. Ce sont ces correspondances que l’article met en évidence au sein de l’espace parisien du jazz au début des années 2000, en reliant les deux moments de la sociologie du goût, « production » et « réception », que la division du travail scientifique conduit généralement à séparer. L’espace de la jazzophilie est décrit au travers des formes socialement différenciées d’expériences musicales qui prennent place au sein des jazz-clubs et lieux assimilés, eux-mêmes distribués selon les clivages qui organisent l’espace urbain de la capitale. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de faire apparaître les homologies entre des pôles stylistiques, des instances critiques, des lieux de diffusion et leurs publics, mais aussi d’en rendre compte en décrivant les médiations qui organisent la rencontre et favorisent la correspondance entre des catégories de biens musicaux appréhendés dans leurs cadres de réalisation pratique et des catégories de consommateurs qui se les approprient comme élément de styles de vie distinctifs.
Quand le goût ne fait pas la pratique
Authors: Dubois Vincent , Méon Jean-Matthieu , Pierru Emmanuel
Published: August 2010

Résumé Pratique musicale collective et amateur, la musique d’harmonie représente un terrain propice pour penser les relations entre goûts et pratiques musicales. La population des harmonies est constituée de musiciens aux profils de mobiles sociaux ascendants d’origine populaire. Leurs goûts musicaux témoignent de l’effet de rémanence exercé par ces origines. Les goûts exprimés sont en effet proches de ceux des catégories populaires, c’est-à-dire qu’ils relèvent principalement d’un éclectisme indistinct ou, pour les jeunes musiciens, d’un éclectisme jeune. L’éclectisme éclairé n’y est que marginal. Les oppositions qui structurent l’espace des musiciens ne renvoient alors pas à des différences de goûts mais plutôt à des rapports différenciés à la pratique (valorisée pour ses dimensions musicales, de pratique instrumentale, ou pour ses dimensions associatives, de sociabilité). Les sujets de conversation entre musiciens le confirment : ni la musique ni les goûts musicaux ne sont des sujets privilégiés de discussion au sein des sociétés de musique. Ces sociétés sont des lieux où l’on pratique la musique bien plus qu’on en parle. En ce sens, le lien entre préférences esthétiques et pratique apparaît ici comme absent, sinon inversé (la pratique définissant les goûts et non l’inverse).
Le choix du BTS
Authors: Orange Sophie
Published: August 2010

Résumé La sélection et la professionnalisation sont aujourd’hui présentées comme des réponses possibles aux taux importants d’échecs et d’abandons dans le premier cycle universitaire. Cet article étudie la construction des aspirations scolaires et du recrutement des formations qui, comme les sections de techniciens supérieurs, accueillent une part importante des bacheliers technologiques et les professionnels d’origine populaire. Il analyse notamment l’entrée dans ces filières comme le double produit de l’encadrement des ambitions scolaires de bacheliers d’origine populaire et de mécanismes de recrutement spécifiques.
Les déplacés de l'« ouverture sociale »
Authors: Pasquali Paul
Published: August 2010

Résumé Les débats français autour de l’ouverture du recrutement social des grandes écoles et des classes préparatoires occultant souvent l’expérience des élèves bénéficiaires de ces politiques, cet article étudie l’émergence des dispositifs d’ouverture sociale à travers une classe préparatoire expérimentale de bacheliers venant de ZEP. Il montre en particulier les rapports ambivalents que ces élèves à la réussite statistiquement improbable entretiennent avec leurs univers sociaux d’origine et d’accueil, et les pratiques, compromis symboliques qui leur permettent de résoudre les tensions et contradictions auxquelles ils sont confrontés.
Le comblement inachevé des écarts sociaux
Authors: Lambert Anne
Published: August 2010

Résumé À partir d’une enquête ethnographique auprès de boursiers d’écoles de commerce, cet article analyse les trajectoires scolaires et professionnelles des « miraculés » qui, très minoritaires dans les grandes écoles françaises, sont issus de milieux populaires. Analysés dans le détail, leurs parcours montrent les difficultés pour des élèves sur-mobilisés scolairement à convertir leurs dispositions scolaires en dispositions managériales. Après l’obtention du diplôme, même quand les classements scolaires leur sont favorables, les « miraculés » sont loin de choisir les métiers les plus élevés dans la hiérarchie sociale et salariale des écoles de commerce.
La démographie de l'Océanie des années 1950 aux années 2000
Authors: Rallu Jean-Louis
Published: August 2010

Résumé L’Océanie est composée de 17 pays indépendants et 6 territoires, comptant 35 millions d’habitants dont 73 % sont en Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande. Cette chronique retrace les grands changements sociodémographiques et sanitaires survenus depuis les années 1950 dans l’ensemble de la région, les 4 sous-régions qui la composent (Mélanésie, Micronésie, Polynésie et Australie – Nouvelle-Zélande) et, dans la mesure du possible, chaque pays. Une annexe statistique présente, pour chacun, les données récentes les plus fiables. Après une présentation de la diversité géographique, institutionnelle et économique de la région, y sont notamment décrits les croissances, effectifs et structures de la population, la nuptialité, la fécondité et ses déterminants, la mortalité (générale, infantile, maternelle), la santé des enfants, les migrations, l’urbanisation et l’accès à l’éducation. Comme dans les autres régions du monde, les régimes démographiques se diversifient depuis 20 ans. Les croissances naturelles ralentissent, mais varient encore de plus de 20 ‰ à 6 ‰ par an selon les pays. La baisse de la fécondité est générale mais les niveaux sont contrastés (autour de 2 enfants par femme dans six pays, plus de 4 dans sept autres). Les espérances de vie augmentent partout, mais varient actuellement de 61 ans dans la sous-région de Mélanésie à 80 ans en Australie – Nouvelle-Zélande ; la mortalité infantile de 5 ‰ à 50 ‰. L’urbanisation demeure assez faible dans la plupart des pays insulaires. Les migrations ont joué et jouent toujours un grand rôle dans la région, notamment par l’émigration des jeunes adultes. L‘accès à l’éducation se généralise dans une grande majorité des pays.
Caracterización microestructural de aleaciones base cobre obtenidas mediante molienda reactiva
Authors: Palma R. , Sepúlveda A. , Zúñiga A. , Donoso E. , Dianez M. J. , Criado J. M.
Published: August 2010

Se analizó la micro y nano estructura de aleaciones Cu-Al, Cu-V y Cu-Ti obtenidas por molienda reactiva, mediante difracción de rayos X (XRD) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM). Se consideraron muestras con distintos tiempos de molienda (t= 0, 10, 20 y 30 h). A partir de los datos XRD, usando los métodos de Williamson- Hall y Klug-Alexander, se evaluaron el tamaño de grano, la densidad de dislocaciones y la microdeformación residual; también se estudió la evolución de la textura de la matriz de cobre en función del tiempo de molienda. En los polvos molidos durante 30 h, de las tres aleaciones consideradas, se encontró, por TEM, que los tamaños de grano y de los dispersoides desarrollados son nanométricos.
Modificación de los aceros rápidos de herramientas AISI M2 por fusión superficial con láser bajo diferentes condiciones de operación
Authors: Arias J. , Cabeza M. , Castro G. , Feijoo I. , Merino P. , Pena G.
Published: August 2010

Se ha aplicado el tratamiento superficial de fusión con láser a un acero comercial rápido de herramientas AISI M2, templado y revenido, y se ha estudiado su microestructura superficial y comportamiento mecánico (dureza y resistencia al desgaste). Para ello, se ha empleado un láser continuo Nd:YAG, variando las condiciones de operación, analizando la influencia de los distintos parámetros sobre cordones individuales y sobre las características de la superficie fundida cuando se realiza el tratamiento en multipasada con un solape del 50 %. La caracterización microestructural realizada de la superficie fundida muestra que, en todos los casos, se encuentra constituida por carburos de pequeño tamaño,M2C yMC, martensita y austenita retenida, cuya cantidad depende de los parámetros de operación. Así mismo, se ha determinado que valores bajos de densidad de potencia y altas velocidades de barrido del haz conducen a mayor homogeneidad en la microestructura, con altos valores de dureza y resistencia al desgaste.
Análisis del proceso de desoxidación de cobre con manganeso usando sensores con electrodos base Pt preparados por MOCVD
Authors: González-López S. , Romero-Serrano A. , Vargas-García R. , Zeifert B. , Cruz-Ramírez A.
Published: August 2010

En este trabajo, se utiliza un sensor de zirconia estabilizada con itria (ZEI) para determinar la presión parcial y el contenido de oxígeno, en aleaciones líquidas Cu-Mn entre 1.100 y 1.300 °C. Los sensores ZEI fueron recubiertos con una película de platino mediante el método de depositación en fase vapor empleando un precursor metal orgánico (MOCVD) con el fin de incrementar la conductividad del sensor y disminuir el tiempo de respuesta. El espesor medido de la película de platino fue de 7 μm. A las temperaturas de 1.200 y 1.300 °C se obtuvo buena concordancia entre los contenidos de oxígeno calculados a través de la FEM del sensor y los obtenidos mediante análisis químico. El proceso de desoxidación del cobre empleando manganeso, hierro y fósforo fue analizado mediante el modelo de parámetros de interacción, el cual mostró que el mínimo contenido de oxígeno en equilibrio, a 1.200 °C, fue de, casi 2, 90 y 500 ppm, respectivamente, usando manganeso, hierro y fósforo como desoxidantes.
Evolución microestructural de composites SiC/aleaciones CuSi obtenidos a través de infiltración reactiva
Authors: Cornejo J. , Ordoñez S. , Iturriza I.
Published: August 2010

Se estudió la evolución microestructural de composites de SiC/aleaciones Cu-Si obtenidos a través del proceso de infiltración reactiva a 1400 °C. Se detectaron tres zonas en los composites obtenidos: zona de reacción, transición e infiltrada. En la zona de reacción y de transición, la microestructura resultante estuvo compuesta por una fase metálica, láminas de grafito y partículas de SiC. Se encontró que el SiC se descompone en estas zonas por efecto de la aleación Cu-Si, por lo que el silicio disponible forma una solución líquida que a temperatura ambiente estuvo formada por una solución sólida α y una fase γ (Cu5Si). El carbono resultante de la descomposición del SiC precipitó como láminas de grafito. Además, la descomposición del SiC fue disminuyendo a medida que la cantidad de silicio en la aleación inicial se incrementó.
Estudio y estado de conservación de elementos metálicos de vidrieras de la Catedral de León
Authors: Peña-Poza J. , Palomar T. , García-Heras M. , Villegas M. A.
Published: August 2010

En este trabajo se ha estudiado un conjunto de elementos metálicos de acero (barras de sujeción) y plomo (perfiles en H y de recibo a muros) procedentes de vidrieras de la Catedral de León. El principal objetivo consistió en evaluar el estado de conservación de estos materiales mediante el diagnóstico de los procesos de degradación y corrosión, con el fin de establecer los criterios más adecuados de conservación. Además, también se evaluó la resistencia mecánica de otros elementos metálicos utilizados en los acristalamientos exteriores instalados para proteger las vidrieras tras su restauración. Los materiales se estudiaron mediante microscopía óptica (MO), observación metalográfica, análisis químico por vía húmeda, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) con microanálisis por dispersión de energías de rayos X (EDX), difracción de rayos X (DRX) y ensayos de tracción mecánica. Los resultados obtenidos sirvieron para establecer pautas de intervención en los trabajos de restauración, así como para determinar algunos aspectos tecnológicos del proceso de producción de los materiales.
Measured and modelled cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
Authors: Jurányi Z. , Gysel M. , Weingartner E. , DeCarlo P. F. , Kammermann L. , Baltensperger U.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles are able to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and are therefore important for the climate and the hydrological cycle, but their properties are not fully understood. Total CCN number concentrations at 10 different supersaturations in the range of SS=0.12–1.18% were measured in May 2008 at the remote high alpine research station, Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m a.s.l.). In this paper, we present a closure study between measured and predicted CCN number concentrations. CCN predictions were done using dry number size distribution (scanning particle mobility sizer, SMPS) and bulk chemical composition data (aerosol mass spectrometer, AMS, and multi-angle absorption photometer, MAAP) in a simplified Köhler theory. The predicted and the measured CCN number concentrations agree very well and are highly correlated. A sensitivity study showed that the temporal variability of the chemical composition at the Jungfraujoch can be neglected for a reliable CCN prediction, whereas it is important to know the mean chemical composition. The exact bias introduced by using a too low or too high hygroscopicity parameter for CCN prediction was further quantified and shown to be substantial for the lowest supersaturation. Despite the high average organic mass fraction (~45%) in the fine mode, there was no indication that the surface tension was substantially reduced at the point of CCN activation. A comparison between hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), AMS/MAAP, and CCN derived κ values showed that HTDMA measurements can be used to determine particle hygroscopicity required for CCN predictions if no suitable chemical composition data are available.
Ancient versus modern mineral dust transported to high-altitude Alpine glaciers evidences Saharan sources and atmospheric circulation changes
Authors: Thevenon F. , Chiaradia M. , Adatte T. , Hueglin C. , Poté J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Mineral dust aerosols collected during the years 2008/2009 at the high-altitude research station Jungfraujoch (46°33´, 7°59´; 3580 m a.s.l.) were compared to windblown mineral dust deposited at the Colle Gnifetti glacier (45°55´ N, 7°52´ E; 4455 m a.s.l.) over the last millennium. Insoluble dust has been characterized in terms of mineralogy, Sr and Nd isotopic ratios, and trace element composition. Results demonstrate that the Saharan origin of the airborne dust did not change significantly throughout the past. Backward trajectories analysis of modern analogs furthermore confirms that major dust sources are situated in the north-central to north-western part of the Saharan desert. By contrast, less radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions are associated with lower abundances of crustal elements during low rates of dust deposition, suggesting intercontinental transport of background dust rather than activation of a secondary source. Saharan dust mobilization and meridional advection of air masses were relatively reduced during the second part of the Little Ice Age (ca. 1690–1870), except within the greatest Saharan dust event deposited around 1780–1790. Higher dust deposition with larger mean grain size and Saharan fingerprint began ca. 20 years after the industrial revolution of 1850, suggesting that increased mineral dust transport over the Alps during the last century was primarily due to drier winters in North Africa and stronger spring/summer North Atlantic southwesterlies, rather than to direct anthropogenic sources. Meanwhile, increasing carbonaceous particle emissions from fossil fuels combustion combined to higher lead enrichment factor during the last century, point to concomitant anthropogenic sources of particulate pollutants reaching high-altitude European glaciers.
Trend analysis of the wave storminess: the wave direction
Authors: Casas-Prat M. , Sierra J. P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In this paper changes in the wave pattern of the Catalan coast are analyzed in terms of wave storminess and wave direction based on series of 44 years of hindcast wave data. The analysis is performed employing two different techniques: one resulting from the combination of regression and bootstrapping and the other applying a Bayesian method. Although the trends are, in general, null, in some locations there are clear changes in the wave directional frequencies. These changes can significatively affect coastal hydrodynamics and morphodynamics.
Payment schemes for hydrological ecosystem services as a political instrument for the sustainable management of natural resources and poverty reduction – a case study from Belén, Nicaragua
Authors: Hack J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The importance of intact ecosystems for human-wellbeing as well as the dependence on functions and services they provide is undoubted. But still neither the costs of ecosystem degradation nor the benefits from ecosystem functions and services appear on socio-economic balance sheets when development takes place. Consequently overuse of natural resources is socio-economically promoted by conventional resource management policies and external effects (externalities), equally positives and negatives, remain unregarded. In this context the potential of payments for hydrological ecosystem services as a political instrument to foster sustainable natural resource use, and rural development shall be investigated. This paper introduces the principle concept of such payments, presents a case study from Nicaragua and highlights preliminary effects of the application of this instrument on natural resource use and development.
Hydrological system analysis and modelling of the Nam Co basin in Tibet
Authors: Krause P. , Biskop S. , Helmschrot J. , Flügel W.-A. , Kang S. , Gao T.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent high mountain regions of the Himalayas play an important role in the global climate dynamic through its impact on the Asian monsoon system, which in turn is impacting the water resources of this extremely vulnerable region. To provide further knowledge about the changing impact of rainfall patterns, spatial and temporal variability of snow cover contribution, amount of snow and ice melt runoff, evapotranspiration as well as dynamics of wetlands and permafrost water balance studies are required. This is of particular importance in terms of global climate change because of a severe gap in the knowledge of the short, mid and long term implications on the hydrological system. This study concentrates on the macroscale catchment of the lake Nam Co, located at 4718 m a.s.l. at the foot of the Nyainqentanglha Mountains in central Tibet (30° N, 90° E). The water balance of the Nam Co basin is dominated by semi-arid climate, snow and ice melt runoff and high evaporation rates due to the high radiation input and the low air humidity. The observed temperature rise, glacier retreat, permafrost decay and lake level increase indicate significant system changes and the high sensitivity of the Tibetan Plateau on global warming. The development of a suitable water balance model and its preliminary application was the main objective of this study. The development was done with the Jena Adaptable Modelling System JAMS along with existing scientific process components of the J2000 module library which were partly further developed to reflect the specific conditions of the high elevation Nam Co basin. The preliminary modelling exercise based on gridded data from a downscaled ECHAM5 data set provided reasonable estimates about the important hydrological water balance components of the Nam Co basin. With the modelling results the observed lake level rise could be reproduced and it could be shown that the runoff from the glaciered areas seems to be the most important component to explain the increasing amount of lake water.
Global-scale analysis of satellite-derived time series of naturally inundated areas as a basis for floodplain modeling
Authors: Adam L. , Döll P. , Prigent C. , Papa F.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Floodplains play an important role in the terrestrial water cycle and are very important for biodiversity. Therefore, an improved representation of the dynamics of floodplain water flows and storage in global hydrological and land surface models is required. To support model validation, we combined monthly time series of satellite-derived inundation areas (Papa et al., 2010) with data on irrigated rice areas (Portmann et al., 2010). In this way, we obtained global-scale time series of naturally inundated areas (NIA), with monthly values of inundation extent during 1993–2004 and a spatial resolution of 0.5°. For most grid cells (0.5°×0.5°), the mean annual maximum of NIA agrees well with the static open water extent of the Global Lakes and Wetlands database (GLWD) (Lehner and Döll, 2004), but in 16% of the cells NIA is larger than GLWD. In some regions, like Northwestern Europe, NIA clearly overestimates inundated areas, probably because of confounding very wet soils with inundated areas. In other areas, such as South Asia, it is likely that NIA can help to enhance GLWD. NIA data will be very useful for developing and validating a floodplain modeling algorithm for the global hydrological model WGHM. For example, we found that monthly NIAs correlate with observed river discharges.
In situ detection of atomic and molecular iodine using resonance and off-resonance fluorescence by lamp excitation: ROFLEX
Authors: Gómez Martín J. C. , Blahins J. , Gross U. , Ingham T. , Goddard A. , Mahajan A. S. , Ubelis A. , Saiz-Lopez A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. We demonstrate a new instrument for in situ detection of atmospheric iodine atoms and molecules based on atomic and molecular resonance and off-resonance ultraviolet fluorescence excited by lamp emission. The instrument combines the robustness, light weight, low power consumption and efficient excitation of radio-frequency discharge light sources with the high sensitivity of the photon counting technique. Calibration of I2 fluorescence is achieved via quantitative detection of the molecule by incoherent broad band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Atomic iodine fluorescence signal is calibrated by controlled broad band photolysis of known I2 concentrations in the visible spectral range at atmospheric pressure. The instrument has been optimised in laboratory experiments to reach detection limits of 1.2 pptv for I atoms and 20 pptv for I2, for S/N=1 and 10 min of integration time. The ROFLEX system has been deployed in a field campaign in Northern Spain, representing the first concurrent observation of ambient mixing ratios of iodine atoms and molecules in the 1–350 pptv range.
Accuracy analysis of the GPS instrumental bias estimated from observations in middle and low latitudes
Authors: Zhang D. H. , Zhang W. , Li Q. , Shi L. Q. , Hao Y. Q. , Xiao Z.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. With one bias estimation method, the latitude-related error distribution of instrumental biases estimated from the GPS observations in Chinese middle and low latitude region in 2004 is analyzed statistically. It is found that the error of GPS instrumental biases estimated under the assumption of a quiet ionosphere has an increasing tendency with the latitude decreasing. Besides the asymmetrical distribution of the plasmaspheric electron content, the obvious spatial gradient of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) along the meridional line that related to the Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA) is also considered to be responsible for this error increasing. The RMS of satellite instrumental biases estimated from mid-latitude GPS observations in 2004 is around 1 TECU (1 TECU = 1016/m2), and the RMS of the receiver's is around 2 TECU. Nevertheless, the RMS of satellite instrumental biases estimated from GPS observations near the EIA region is around 2 TECU, and the RMS of the receiver's is around 3–4 TECU. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the instrumental bias estimated using ionospheric condition is related to the receiver's latitude with which ionosphere behaves a little differently. For the study of ionospheric morphology using the TEC derived from GPS data, in particular for the study of the weak ionospheric disturbance during some special geo-related natural hazards, such as the earthquake and severe meteorological disasters, the difference in the TEC accuracy over different latitude regions should be paid much attention.
Towards ground-truthing of spaceborne estimates of above-ground life biomass and leaf area index in tropical rain forests
Authors: Köhler P. , Huth A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The canopy height h of forests is a key variable which can be obtained using air- or spaceborne remote sensing techniques such as radar interferometry or LIDAR. If new allometric relationships between canopy height and the biomass stored in the vegetation can be established this would offer the possibility for a global monitoring of the above-ground carbon content on land. In the absence of adequate field data we use simulation results of a tropical rain forest growth model to propose what degree of information might be generated from canopy height and thus to enable ground-truthing of potential future satellite observations. We here analyse the correlation between canopy height in a tropical rain forest with other structural characteristics, such as above-ground life biomass (AGB) (and thus carbon content of vegetation) and leaf area index (LAI) and identify how correlation and uncertainty vary for two different spatial scales. The process-based forest growth model FORMIND2.0 was applied to simulate (a) undisturbed forest growth and (b) a wide range of possible disturbance regimes typically for local tree logging conditions for a tropical rain forest site on Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia) in South-East Asia. In both undisturbed and disturbed forests AGB can be expressed as a power-law function of canopy height h (AGB = a · hb) with an r2 ~ 60% if data are analysed in a spatial resolution of 20 m × 20 m (0.04 ha, also called plot size). The correlation coefficient of the regression is becoming significant better in the disturbed forest sites (r2 = 91%) if data are analysed hectare wide. There seems to exist no functional dependency between LAI and canopy height, but there is also a linear correlation (r2 ~ 60%) between AGB and the area fraction of gaps in which the canopy is highly disturbed. A reasonable agreement of our results with observations is obtained from a comparison of the simulations with permanent sampling plot (PSP) data from the same region and with the large-scale forest inventory in Lambir. We conclude that the spaceborne remote sensing techniques such as LIDAR and radar interferometry have the potential to quantify the carbon contained in the vegetation, although this calculation contains due to the heterogeneity of the forest landscape structural uncertainties which restrict future applications to spatial averages of about one hectare in size. The uncertainties in AGB for a given canopy height are here 20–40% (95% confidence level) corresponding to a standard deviation of less than ± 10%. This uncertainty on the 1 ha-scale is much smaller than in the analysis of 0.04 ha-scale data. At this small scale (0.04 ha) AGB can only be calculated out of canopy height with an uncertainty which is at least of the magnitude of the signal itself due to the natural spatial heterogeneity of these forests.
CO2 maximum in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ)
Authors: Paulmier A. , Ruiz-Pino D. , Garçon V.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), known as suboxic layers mainly localized in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems, are expanding since the 20th "high CO2" century, probably due to the global warming. OMZs are also known to contribute significantly to the oceanic production of N2O, a greenhouse gas (GHG) more efficient than CO2. However, the contribution of the OMZs on the oceanic sources and sinks budget of CO2, the main GHG, still remains to be established. We present here the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) structure, associated locally with the Chilean OMZ and globally with the main most intense OMZs (O2<20 μmol/kg) in the open ocean. To achieve this, we jointly examine simultaneous DIC and O2 data collected off Chile during 4 cruises and a monthly monitoring (2000–2002) in one of the shallowest OMZ, along with international DIC and O2 databases for other OMZs. High DIC concentrations (>2225 μmol/kg, up to 2350 μmol/kg) have been reported over the whole OMZ thickness, allowing to define for all studied OMZs a Carbon Maximum Zone (CMZ). The CMZs-OMZs constitute the largest carbon reserves of the ocean in subsurface waters and could induce a positive feedback for the atmosphere during upwelling activity, as potential direct local sources of CO2. The CMZ paradoxically presents a slight "carbon deficit" in its core, meaning a DIC increase from the oxygenated ocean to the OMZ lower than the corresponding O2 decrease (assuming classical C/O molar ratios). This "carbon deficit" would be related to thermal mechanisms affecting faster O2 than DIC (due to the carbonate buffer effect) and occurring upstream in warm waters (e.g., in the Equatorial Divergence), where the CMZ-OMZ core originates. The "carbon deficit" in the CMZ core would be mainly compensated locally at the oxycline, by a "carbon excess" induced by a specific remineralization. Indeed, a possible co-existence of bacterial heterotrophic and autotrophic processes usually occurring at different depths could stimulate an intense aerobic-anaerobic remineralization, inducing deviation of C/O molar ratio from the canonical Redfield ratios. Further studies to confirm these results for all OMZs are required to understand the OMZ effects on both climatic feedback mechanisms and marine ecosystem perturbations.
Spatial variability in floodplain sedimentation: the use of generalized linear mixed-effects models
Authors: Cabezas A. , Angulo-Martínez M. , Gonzalez-Sanchís M. , Jimenez J. J. , Comín F. A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Sediment, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) accumulation during one overbank flood (1.15 y return interval) were examined at one reach of the Middle Ebro River (NE Spain) for elucidating spatial patterns. To achieve this goal, four areas with different geomorphological features and located within the study reach were examined by using artificial grass mats. Within each area, 1 m2 study plots consisting of three pseudo-replicates were placed in a semi-regular grid oriented perpendicular to the main channel. TOC, TN and Particle-Size composition of deposited sediments were examined and accumulation rates estimated. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze sedimentation patterns in order to handle clustered sampling units, specific-site effects and spatial self-correlation between observations. Our results confirm the importance of channel-floodplain morphology and site micro-topography in explaining sediment, TOC and TN deposition patterns, although the importance of other factors as vegetation pattern should be included in further studies to explain small-scale variability. Generalized linear mixed-effect models provide a good framework to deal with the high spatial heterogeneity of this phenomenon at different spatial scales, and should be further investigated in order to explore its validity when examining the importance of factors such as flood magnitude or suspended sediment concentration.
Remotely sensed latent heat fluxes for improving model predictions of soil moisture: a case study
Authors: Schuurmans J. M. , van Geer F. C. , Bierkens M. F. P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. This paper investigates whether the use of remotely sensed latent heat fluxes improves the accuracy of spatially-distributed soil moisture predictions by a hydrological model. By using real data we aim to show the potential and limitations in practice. We use (i) satellite data of both ASTER and MODIS for the same two days in the summer of 2006 that, in association with the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), provides us the spatial distribution of daily ETact and (ii) an operational physically based distributed (25 m×25 m) hydrological model of a small catchment (70 km2) in The Netherlands that simulates the water flow in both the unsaturated and saturated zone. Firstly, model outcomes of ETact are compared to the processed satellite data. Secondly, we perform data assimilation that updates the modelled soil moisture. We show that remotely sensed ETact is useful in hydrological modelling for two reasons. Firstly, in the procedure of model calibration: comparison of modeled and remotely sensed ETact together with the outcomes of our data assimilation procedure points out potential model errors (both conceptual and flux-related). Secondly, assimilation of remotely sensed ETact results in a realistic spatial adjustment of soil moisture, except for the area with forest and deep groundwater levels. As both ASTER and MODIS images were available for the same days, this study provides also an excellent opportunity to compare the worth of these two satellite sources. It is shown that, although ASTER provides much better insight in the spatial distribution of ETact due to its higher spatial resolution than MODIS, they appeared in this study just as useful.
Combined use of optical and radar satellite data for the monitoring of irrigation and soil moisture of wheat crops
Authors: Fieuzal R. , Duchemin B. , Jarlan L. , Zribi M. , Baup F. , Merlin O. , Dedieu G. , Garatuza-Payan J. , Watt C. , Chehbouni A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The objective of this study is to get a better understanding of radar signal over irrigated wheat fields and to assess the potentialities of radar observations for the monitoring of soil moisture. Emphasis is put on the use of high spatial and temporal resolution satellite data (ENVISAT/ASAR and FORMOSAT-2). Time series of images were collected over the Yaqui irrigated area (Mexico) throughout one agricultural season from December 2007 to May 2008, together with measurements of soil and vegetation characteristics and agricultural practices. The comprehensive analysis of these data indicates that the sensitivity of the radar signal to vegetation is masked by the variability of soil conditions. On-going irrigated areas can be detected all over the wheat growing season. The empirical algorithm developed for the retrieval of topsoil moisture from ENVISAT/ASAR images takes advantage of the unique capabilities of the FORMOSAT-2 instrument to monitor the seasonality of wheat canopies. Topsoil moisture estimates are scattered at the timing of plant emergence and during plant senescence. Estimates are much more accurate from tillering to grain filling stages with an absolute error about 9% (0.09 m3 m−3, 35% in relative value). This result is attractive since topsoil moisture is estimated at a high spatial resolution (i.e. over subfields of about 5 ha) for a large range of biomass water content (from 5 and 65 t ha−1) independently from the viewing angle of ASAR acquisition (incidence angles IS1 to IS6).
Ionospheric anomaly due to seismic activities – Part 2: Evidence from D-layer preparation and disappearance times
Authors: Chakrabarti S. K. , Sasmal S. , Chakrabarti S.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. We show evidences for anomalous ionospheric behaviour in the signal of Indian navy VLF transmitting station named VTX due to earthquakes in the South Asian region. We concentrate on the variation of the D-layer preparation time (DLPT) and D-layer disappearance time (DLDT) in a period of sixteen months and study their average behaviors. We identify those days in which DLPT and DLDT exhibit significant deviations. Separately, we compute the energy release by earthquakes during this period and show that "anomalous VLF" days are associated with anomalous energy release. We find that the anomaly and the deviation of DLPT and DLDTs from the mean are linearly correlated. We discuss the predictability in this approach and compare with the terminator shift approach using the same set of data.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Chemical Investigations of Na3(ABO4)3×4 H2O‐Type Sodalite Phases.
Authors: NENOFF T. M. , HARRISON W. T. A. , GIER T. E. , KEDER N. L. , ZAREMBA C. M. , SRDANOV V. I. , NICOL J. M. , STUCKY G. D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinitramide and Its Salts. Part 1. Synthesis of Dinitramide Salts by Decyanoethylation of N,N‐Dinitro‐β‐aminopropionitrile.
Authors: LUK'YANOV O. A. , GORELIK V. P. , TARTAKOVSKII V. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Elaboration by Reaction in Molten Nitrates and Characterization of Pure Titanium Oxide with Large Surface Area.
Authors: HARLE V. , DELOUME J.‐P. , MOSONI L. , DURAND B. , VRINAT M. , BREYSSE M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Two New Vanadium(III) Phosphates: VPO4×H2O and V1.23(PO4)(OH)0.69(H2O)0.31×0.33 H2O.
Authors: VAUGHEY J. T. , HARRISON W. T. A. , JACOBSON A. J. , GOSHORN D. P. , JOHNSON J. W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural and Spectroscopic Studies of Cr(II)Nb(IV)F6.
Authors: GOUBARD F. , CHASSAING J. , BIZOT D. , QUARTON M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Boron Phosphate in the Solid‐State Preparation of Crystalline Iron(III) Phosphate and Manganese(II) Diphosphate.
Authors: VASOVIC D. D. , STOJAKOVIC D. R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectra of Some 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: KHAZI I. M. , GADAD A. K. , MAHAJANSHETTI C. S. , VAIRAMANI M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Spectra, Normal Coordinate Calculations, and Molecular Mechanics Calculations for 3‐Methyl‐1‐hexyne and 5‐Methyl‐1‐hexyne.
Authors: CROWDER G. A. , EDWARDS M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facial Selectivity in Nucleophilic Reactions of Spirocyclic Ketones can be Controlled by a Distant, Orthogonal Double Bond.
Authors: LIU P.‐Y. , BURNELL D. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated Allylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Cinnamyl Chloride in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: SJOEHOLM R. , RAIRAMA R. , AHONEN M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biheterocycles: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 1′,3′,4′‐ Oxadiazolyl/1′‐Pyrrolyl/1′,2′,4′‐Triazolylmethoxyindole Derivatives.
Authors: GADAGINAMATH G. S. , KAMAT A. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoadditions of o‐Quinones to 1,4‐Diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene.
Authors: KIM S. S. , YU Y. H. , YOO D. Y. , PARK S. K. , SHIM S. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Control of Biscarbene Electronic Configurations: m‐ Phenylenebis(chloromethylene).
Authors: ZUEV P. S. , SHERIDAN R. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Brominating and Chlorinating Agents, e.g. (II), (IV).
Authors: DUHAMEL L. , PLE G. , ANGIBAUD P. , DESMURS J. R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylallenyllead: A Facile Preparation and Its Use as a Propargylating Reagent.
Authors: SEYFERTH D. , SON D. Y. , SHAH S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterionic Rhodium(I) Complex Catalyzed Net Silylhydroformylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: ZHOU J.‐Q. , ALPER H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anti‐Lipid‐Peroxidation Activity of Hydroquinone Monoalkyl Ethers.
Authors: NIHRO Y. , FURUKAWA H. , SOGAWA S. , WANG T. C. , MIYATAKA H. , MATSUMOTO H. , MIKI T. , SATOH T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Acid‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Methoxybenzenes to p‐Benzoquinones by Dimethyldioxirane.
Authors: ADAM W. , SHIMIZU M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Medium‐Sized Cyclophanes. Part 30. Preparation and Conformational Studies of 1,4‐Disubstituted 10,15‐Dihydro‐5H‐tribenzo(a,d,g) cyclononenes and the Corresponding Bis(1.1.1)orthocyclophane.
Authors: YAMATO T. , SAKAUE N. , DOAMEKPOR L. K. , TASHIRO M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Epoxyesters by Homolytically Induced Decomposition of Derivatives of Ethyl 2‐(1‐hydroperoxyethyl)propenoate.
Authors: COLOMBANI D. , MAILLARD B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.