bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamentos Para La Elaboración De Manuscritos Científicos En Trauma Y Cuidado Agudo De Emergencias (Parte 3): Como Seleccionar La Mejor Opción Para Publicar Su Trabajo: Más Allá Del Factor De Impacto
Authors: Echeverri Raúl A , Montenegro Jorge H , Oviedo María A , León Angel F , Rubiano Andrés M
Published: May 2017

RESÚMEN

El número de revistas científicas aumenta cada año generando así una gran variedad de información y múltiples opciones para enviar artículos producto de investigaciones. Existen índices bibliométricos que permiten ayudar a evaluar revistas para definir que tan frecuente se publican en ellas artículos de interés para generar otras publicaciones a partir de estos artículos. Medidas como el factor de impacto o el factor H, actualmente son usadas a nivel global para identificar revistas y parametrizar autores de alta citación. Actualmente las revistas impresas estan siendo reemplazadas por las revistas electrónicas, y esta tendencia ha favorecido la proliferación de revistas o editoriales predatorias, que encuentran en la necesidad de visibilidad académica de muchos autores una oportunidad para generar un flujo importante de dinero, cobrando por la publicación de los artículos. Debido a esto, seleccionar la revista a la cual se envian los artículos es una importante tarea que debe ser realizada con precaución y bajo la supervisión de los mentores de investigación. Existen actualmente sitios web que nos ayudan a identificar revistas de riesgo o editoriales de riesgo para no caer en este tipo de situaciones en donde nuestro artículo puede ser considerado una publicación de dudosa calidad al no pasar por un proceso extricto de revisión por pares. Revistas generales reconocidas de editoriales de calidad o revistas especializadas de asociaciones científicas de alta calidad académica deben ser la primera opción a considerar independiente de los índices bibliométricos.
Acute Care Surgeon: Use of the Endo GIA Stapler for Cystic Duct Ligation in Emergent Cholecystectomy
Authors: Gracias Vicente , Truche Paul , Blitzer David , Scott Erin , Hanna Joseph
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Endo GIA stapler use is a method to ligate cystic ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elective and emergent setting. Its use has not been widely described in the acute care surgery (ACS) setting. Our study aims to determine factors predicting Endo GIA use by acute care surgeons and evaluate when applied its safety and efficacy in emergent cholecystectomy. Additionally, we investigate the use of Endo GIA stapler with respect to conversion to open surgery, reduction in postoperative morbidity, and impact on length of stay in an ACS setting.

Materials and methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by ACS in a public university training hospital over 1 year. Variables associated with Endo GIA stapler use were identified through multivariate logistic regression and subsequently, assessed after optimizing the model to control for confounding effects.

Results

Of the 118 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed, the Endo GIA Stapler was used for cystic duct ligation in 20 cases. Surgeons’ dictated reason for stapler use included dilated cystic duct (45%), short cystic duct remnant (15%), inadequate room for clip ligation and division (10%), and nonspecific (45%). Patient demographic variables for Endo GIA stapled and clipped groups were not significantly different. Logistic regression revealed a significantly higher likelihood of Endo GIA stapler use in patients with comorbid biliary duct disease, preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and a trend towards significance in patients with previous emergency department (ED) visits. There was no significant difference in conversion to open surgery, postoperative morbidity, and postoperative length of stay.

Conclusion

Comorbid biliary duct disease, previous ED visits, and preoperative ERCP are predictive of patients requiring use of the Endo GIA stapler for cystic duct ligation during emergent cholecystectomy. The use of Endo GIA stapler by Acute Care Surgeons is safe and effective.

How to cite this article

Truche P, Blitzer D, Scott E, Hanna J, Gracias V, Peck G. Acute Care Surgeon: Use of the Endo GIA Stapler for Cystic Duct Ligation in Emergent Cholecystectomy. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):44-48.
Cracks and Fractures in Teeth
Authors: Kumar Angambakkam R Pradeep
Published: May 2017

Cracks and fractures in teeth are difficult to diagnose and treat, especially in the initial stages. The etiology of cracks is still obscure. With an increase in both geriatric population and tooth retention, the incidence of cracked teeth can also increase. There are many types of cracks from simple craze lines to vertical root fracture. An astute clinician should make crack detection a part of diagnostic screening. Proper diagnosis and treatment of cracked teeth is not possible without knowledge of the types of cracks along with associated signs and symptoms. This review presents a brief introduction to the various types of cracks and will aid the clinician in crack identification and management.

How to cite this article

PradeepKumar AR, Subbiya A. Cracks and Fractures in Teeth. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):25-30.
Management of Internal Resorption: A Catch-22 Situation
Authors: Karanath Sahle AK , Geeta IB , James Jayson M
Published: May 2017

Internal resorption (IR), a rare phenomenon, is considered to be a catch-22 situation from the standpoints of both its diagnosis and treatment. It begins initially in the pulpal space and extends into the surrounding dentin. Its diagnosis and management have been a challenge to dental practitioners. Due to its insidious pathology, IR can progress to a great extent before its detection. It is usually asymptomatic and discovered by chance on routine radiographic examinations or by a classic clinical sign, “pink spot” in the crown. The treatment of this condition should be initiated as soon as possible to prevent further loss of hard tissue or an eventual root perforation. The resorption, if progressed to involve an external communication, has poor prognosis, and the tooth cannot be retained in most cases, and hence, extraction of the tooth is indicated. In modern dentistry, patients demand more than restoration of function; they are particular about the esthetics as well, especially in the anterior region. Once the proper diagnosis is made, the treatment modality should include steps taken to conserve the tooth structure as much as possible to restore tooth form, function, and esthetics. This case report describes the management of an IR of a maxillary central incisor that was treated nonsurgically with conventional root canal treatment followed by reinforcing the tooth with esthetic fiber post and conserving the natural tooth as such. A 9-month follow-up demonstrated clinically asymptomatic and adequately functional tooth, with radiographic signs of healing. In this case report, care was taken to conserve the tooth structure and avoid further weakening of the already compromised tooth. A tooth deemed having questionable prognosis was preserved intact and showed satisfactory healing with no progression of the resorptive defect.

How to cite this article

Karanath SAK, Geeta IB, James JM. Management of Internal Resorption: A Catch-22 Situation. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):31-35.
High-resolution mapping of the NO2 spatial distribution over Belgian urban areas based on airborne APEX remote sensing
Authors: Tack Frederik , Merlaud Alexis , Iordache Marian-Daniel , Danckaert Thomas , Yu Huan , Fayt Caroline , Meuleman Koen , Deutsch Felix , Fierens Frans , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: May 2017

Abstract. We present retrieval results of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column densities (VCDs), mapped at high spatial resolution over three Belgian cities, based on the DOAS analysis of Airborne Prism EXperiment (APEX) observations. APEX, developed by a Swiss-Belgian consortium on behalf of ESA (European Space Agency), is a pushbroom hyperspectral imager characterised by a high spatial resolution and high spectral performance. APEX data have been acquired under clear-sky conditions over the two largest and most heavily polluted Belgian cities, i.e. Antwerp and Brussels on 15 April and 30 June 2015. Additionally, a number of background sites have been covered for the reference spectra. The APEX instrument was mounted in a Dornier DO-228 aeroplane, operated by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). NO2 VCDs were retrieved from spatially aggregated radiance spectra allowing urban plumes to be resolved at the resolution of 60  ×  80 m2. The main sources in the Antwerp area appear to be related to the (petro)chemical industry while traffic-related emissions dominate in Brussels. The NO2 levels observed in Antwerp range between 3 and 35  ×  1015 molec cm−2, with a mean VCD of 17.4 ± 3.7  ×  1015 molec cm−2. In the Brussels area, smaller levels are found, ranging between 1 and 20  ×  1015 molec cm−2 and a mean VCD of 7.7 ± 2.1  ×  1015 molec cm−2. The overall errors on the retrieved NO2 VCDs are on average 21 and 28 % for the Antwerp and Brussels data sets. Low VCD retrievals are mainly limited by noise (1σ slant error), while high retrievals are mainly limited by systematic errors. Compared to coincident car mobile-DOAS measurements taken in Antwerp and Brussels, both data sets are in good agreement with correlation coefficients around 0.85 and slopes close to unity. APEX retrievals tend to be, on average, 12 and 6 % higher for Antwerp and Brussels, respectively. Results demonstrate that the NO2 distribution in an urban environment, and its fine-scale variability, can be mapped accurately with high spatial resolution and in a relatively short time frame, and the contributing emission sources can be resolved. High-resolution quantitative information about the atmospheric NO2 horizontal variability is currently rare, but can be very valuable for (air quality) studies at the urban scale.
Engaging students and teachers in meteorology and atmospheric sciences: the LaMMA activities
Authors: Grasso Valentina , Bartolini Giorgio , Benedetti Riccardo , Betti Giulio , Capecchi Valerio , Gozzini Bernardo , Magno Ramona , Orlandi Andrea , Rovai Luca , Tei Claudio , Torrigiani Tommaso , Zabini Federica
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Scientific institutes contribute to increase scientific awareness in local communities. They also provide students and teachers with learning opportunities outside the classroom. This is especially true when science centers create opportunities to visit laboratories or design activities based on learning by doing. LaMMA, a public consortium set up by Italian National Research Council and Tuscany Region (Italy), is the official weather service for Tuscany. In recent years LaMMA developed several educational modules on meteorology for different school grades. Activities are performed during a two-hour visit at the LaMMA laboratory. Since 2011 every year more than 1200 students come to visit LaMMA to follow one of the proposed modules on meteorology. Students are engaged in different activities and have the opportunity to visit the LaMMA weather operations room and meet the forecasters. In the last two years, an educational module on climate change based on a participatory approach was proposed to teachers of all school levels. More than 500 teachers and environmental educators from all over Tuscany participated and many of them developed a follow up project in the classroom.
Comparison of the impacts of urban development and climate change in exposing European cities to pluvial flooding
Authors: Skougaard Kaspersen Per , Høegh Ravn Nanna , Arnbjerg-Nielsen Karsten , Madsen Henrik , Drews Martin
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The economic and human consequences of extreme precipitation and the related flooding of urban areas have increased rapidly over the past decades. Some of the key factors that affect the risks to urban areas include climate change, the densification of assets within cities and the general expansion of urban areas. In this paper, we examine and compare quantitatively the impact of climate change and recent urban development patterns on the exposure of four European cities to pluvial flooding. In particular, we investigate the degree to which pluvial floods of varying severity and in different geographical locations are influenced to the same extent by changes in urban land cover and climate change. We have selected the European cities of Odense, Vienna, Strasbourg and Nice for analyses to represent, different climatic conditions, trends in urban development and topographical characteristics. We develop and apply a combined remote-sensing and flood-modelling approach to simulate the extent of pluvial flooding for a range of extreme precipitation events for historical (1984) and present-day (2014) urban land cover and for two climate-change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Changes in urban land cover are estimated using Landsat satellite imagery for the period 1984–2014. We combine the remote-sensing analyses with regionally downscaled estimates of precipitation extremes of current and expected future climate to enable 2D overland flow simulations and flood-hazard assessments. The individual and combined impacts of urban development and climate change are quantified by examining the variations in flooding between the different simulations along with the corresponding uncertainties. For all four cities, we find an increase in flood exposure corresponding to an observed absolute growth in impervious surfaces of 7–12 % during the past thirty years of urban development. Similarly, we find that climate change increases exposure to pluvial flooding under both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The relative importance of urban development and climate change on flood exposure varies considerably between the cities. For Odense, the impact of urban development is comparable to that of climate change under an RCP 8.5 scenario (2081–2100), while for Vienna and Strasbourg it is comparable to the impacts of an RCP 4.5 scenario. For Nice, climate change dominates urban development as the primary driver of changes in exposure to flooding. The variation between geographical locations is caused by differences in soil infiltration properties, historical trends in urban development and the projected regional impacts of climate change on extreme precipitation.
Human-water interface in hydrological modeling: Current status
and future directions
Authors: Wada Yoshihide , Bierkens Marc F. P. , de Roo Ad , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Famiglietti James S. , Hanasaki Naota , Konar Megan , Liu Junguo , Müller Schmied Hannes , Oki Taikan , Pokhrel Yadu , Sivapalan Murugesu , Troy Tara J. , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , van Emmerik Tim , Van Huijgevoort Marjolein H.J. , Van Lanen Henny A. J. , Vörösmarty Charles J. , Wanders Niko , Wheater Howard
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Over the last decades, the global population has been rapidly increasing and human activities have altered terrestrial water fluxes at an unprecedented scale. The phenomenal growth of the human footprint has significantly modified hydrological processes in various ways (e.g., irrigation, artificial dams, and water diversion) and at various scales (from a watershed to the globe). During the early 1990s, awareness of the potential water scarcity led to the first detailed global water resource assessments. Shortly thereafter, in order to analyse the human perturbation on terrestrial water resources, the first generation of large-scale hydrological models (LHMs) was produced. However, at this early stage few models considered the interaction between terrestrial water fluxes and human activities, including water use and reservoir regulation, and even fewer models distinguished water use from surface water and groundwater resources. Since the early 2000s, a growing number of LHMs are incorporating human impacts on hydrological cycle, yet human representations in hydrological models remain challenging. In this paper we provide a synthesis of progress in the development and application of human impact modeling in LHMs. We highlight a number of key challenges and discuss possible improvements in order to better represent the human-water interface in hydrological models.
Tsunami evacuation plans for future megathrust earthquakes in
Padang, Indonesia considering stochastic earthquake scenarios
Authors: Muhammad Ario , Goda Katsuichiro , Alexander Nicholas A. , Kongko Widjo , Muhari Abdul
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This study develops tsunami evacuation plans in Padang, Indonesia, using a stochastic tsunami simulation method. The stochastic results are based on multiple earthquake scenarios for different magnitudes (Mw 8.5, 8.75, and 9.0) that reflect asperity characteristics of the 1797 historical event in the same region. The generation of the earthquake scenarios involves probabilistic models of earthquake source parameters and stochastic synthesis of earthquake slip distributions. In total, 300 source models are generated to produce comprehensive tsunami evacuation plans in Padang. The tsunami hazard assessment results show that Padang may face significant tsunamis causing the maximum tsunami inundation height and depth of 15 m and 10 m, respectively. A comprehensive tsunami evacuation plan, including horizontal evacuation area maps, assessment of temporary tsunami evacuation shelters, and integrated horizontal-vertical evacuation time maps, has been developed based on the stochastic tsunami simulation results. The evacuation plans highlight that comprehensive mitigation policies can be produced from the stochastic tsunami simulation against the future tsunamigenic events.
A phase II trial of neoadjuvant doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by lapatinib plus docetaxel sequential with adjuvant trastuzumab for treatment of early HER2 positive breast cancers
Authors: Vidal Gregory A. , Vontela Namratha , Chen Mary , Ryder Julie M. , Sheth Struti , Guardino Ellie
Published: May 2017

Background: The use of HER2 targeting therapy has revolutionized the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancers. Here, we investigate whether a sequential approach to dual HER2 blockade of lapatinib followed by trastuzumab will result in improved clinical outcomes.Methods: This was a single institution, open label, single arm, phase II trial in women with HER2 positive breast cancer. Volunteers were treated with sequential neoadjuvant doxorubicin (60 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) (AC) for 4 cycles followed by docetaxel (100 mg/m2) concurrent with lapatinib (1,250 mg) (TL) daily for 21 days for four cycles before definitive surgery. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR).Results: The study accrued only 21 of the 71 planned patients from 2/28/2007 to 5/25/2010. All patients (100%) experienced down staging. The pCR rate was 41% (7/18). 11 patients had tumor size of T3 or greater, 3 of which experienced pCR and only 1 underwent breast conservation (lumpectomy). The most common hematologic AE (all grades) was anemia 17/21 (81%). There were no incidences of grade 3 or 4 anemia. 10 of 21 (48%) patients experience a non-hematologic grade 3 AE. The most common non-hematologic AEs (all grades) were irregular menses 20/21 (95%) and hand-foot-skin reactions 20/21 (95%). No increase cardiac abnormalities were noted. The DFS at data cut off was 87.5%.Conclusion: The provocative pCR and DFS results in this high risk locally advanced patient population should be viewed with caution given results of the Adjuvant Lapatinib And/Or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation study (ALTTO) clinical trial.
Ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method for the Determination of Irinotecan, an Anticancer Drug, in Water and Urine Samples Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Uysal Deniz , Karadaş Cennet , Kara Derya
Published: May 2017

A new, simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was developed for the determination of irinotecan, an anticancer drug, in water and urine samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was used as the extraction solvent, and ethanol was used as the disperser solvent. The main parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including sample pH, volumeof the ionic liquid, choice of the dispersive solvent and itsvolume, concentration of NaCl, and extraction and centrifugation times, were investigated and optimized. The effect of interfering species on the recovery of irinotecan was also examined. Under optimal conditions, the LOD (3σ) was 48.7 μg/L without any preconcentration. Because the urine sample was diluted 10-fold, the LOD for urine would be 487 μg/L. However, this could be improved 16-fold if preconcentration using a 40 mL aliquot of the sample is used. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of irinotecan in tap water, river water, and urine samples spiked with 10.20 mg/L for the water samples and 8.32 mg/L for theurine sample. The average recovery values of irinotecan determined were 99.1% for tap water, 109.4% for river water, and 96.1% for urine.
Bay of Bengal salinity stratification and Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation: 1. Intraseasonal variability and causes
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Han Weiqing , Ravichandran M. , Wang Wanqiu , Shinoda Toshiaki , Lee Tong
Published: May 2017

The huge freshwater flux of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM; May–October) gives rise to strong salinity stratification in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), causing a shallow mixed layer and a thick barrier layer, which potentially affects intraseasonal oscillations of the monsoon (MISOs). In this study, intraseasonal variability of the mixed‐layer depth (MLD) and barrier layer thickness (BLT) is investigated using in situ observations from Argo floats and moored buoys and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The average MLD in the BoB is typically 20–30 m during the ISM, while the BLT increases from ∼10 m in May–June to 20–40 m in September–October. MISOs induce in‐phase variations in MLD and isothermal layer depth (ILD), both of which are deepened by 8–15 m during MISO active phase, while the change of BLT is small and within the error range of Argo data sampling. In the northern (southern) bay, BLT increases by ∼5 m (2 m) during MISOs owing to a larger deepening of ILD than MLD. OGCM experiments are performed to understand the underlying mechanism. In the BoB intraseasonal variations of MLD, ILD and BLT arise largely from ocean internal instability, whereas those induced by MISOs are weaker. The in‐phase variations of MLD and ILD during MISOs are induced by different processes. The MLD deepening is primarily caused by wind stress forcing, while the ILD deepening is driven by surface heat fluxes via surface cooling. The limited variability of BLT is due to the offsetting of different forcing processes.
Fractional‐order multivariable composite model reference adaptive control
Authors: Cheng Songsong , Wei Yiheng , Chen Yuquan , Wang Yong , Liang Qing
Published: May 2017

A novel multivariable composite model reference adaptive control scheme is developed for multivariable fractional‐order systems with arbitrary relative degree. Firstly, by introducing right gain matrix to substitute left gain matrix, the stringent symmetry assumption is no longer required. The design procedures of controller with certain and uncertain high‐frequency gain matrix are then provided, respectively. The (robust) stability of the resulting closed‐loop control system is investigated by indirect Lyapunov method. It is shown that the composite model reference adaptive control can achieve better performance on output tracking than that of model reference adaptive control. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated in 3 numerical examples.
A Solid‐State Fluorescent Material Based on Carbazole‐Containing Difluoroboron β‐Diketonate: Multiple Chromisms, the Self‐Assembly Behavior, and Optical Waveguides
Authors: Chen Peng‐Zhong , Zhang Han , Niu Li‐Ya , Zhang Yi , Chen Yu‐Zhe , Fu Hong‐Bing , Yang Qing‐Zheng
Published: May 2017

A carbazole‐containing difluoroboron β‐diketonate complex (BCZ), which shows strong fluorescence in both the solid state and in organic solutions, is reported. The crystalline materials of BCZ obtained from different solvents display different emission colors. Single‐crystal analysis reveals that the enhanced overlap between adjacent molecules induces increased excited‐state delocalization and is responsible for the variation of the emission colors from yellow to red. The emission colors of the materials are effectively tuned by external stimuli such as grinding, heating, and solvent vapor. The powder X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and 1H NMR studies on materials of BCZ reveal that the thermochromic properties of BCZ are closely related to the removal of solvent molecules from the crystalline powders upon heating. Moreover, uniform 1D microstructures of BCZ obtained by solvent exchange in solution exhibit optical waveguide property with low optical loss.
CuF2 as Reversible Cathode for Fluoride Ion Batteries
Authors: Thieu Duc Tho , Fawey Mohammed Hammad , Bhatia Harshita , Diemant Thomas , Chakravadhanula Venkata Sai Kiran , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Kübel Christian , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: May 2017

In the search for novel battery systems with high energy density and low cost, fluoride ion batteries have recently emerged as a further option to store electricity with very high volumetric energy densities. Among metal fluorides, CuF2 is an intriguing candidate for cathode materials due to its high specific capacity and high theoretical conversion potential. Here, the reversibility of CuF2 as a cathode material in the fluoride ion battery system employing a high F− conducting tysonite‐type La0.9Ba0.1F2.9 as an electrolyte and a metallic La as an anode is investigated. For the first time, the reversible conversion mechanism of CuF2 with the corresponding variation in fluorine content is reported on the basis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and cathode/electrolyte interfacial studies by transmission electron microscopy. Investigation of the anode/electrolyte interface reveals structural variation upon cycling with the formation of intermediate layers consisting of i) hexagonal LaF3 and monoclinic La2O3 phases in the pristine interface; ii) two main phases of distorted orthorhombic LaF3 and monoclinic La2O3 after discharging; and iii) a tetragonal lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF) phase after charging. The fading mechanism of the cell capacity upon cycling can be explained by Cu diffusion into the electrolyte and side reactions due to the formation of the LaOF compound.
3D‐Printed, All‐in‐One Evaporator for High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation under 1 Sun Illumination
Authors: Li Yiju , Gao Tingting , Yang Zhi , Chen Chaoji , Luo Wei , Song Jianwei , Hitz Emily , Jia Chao , Zhou Yubing , Liu Boyang , Yang Bao , Hu Liangbing
Published: May 2017

Using solar energy to generate steam is a clean and sustainable approach to addressing the issue of water shortage. The current challenge for solar steam generation is to develop easy‐to‐manufacture and scalable methods which can convert solar irradiation into exploitable thermal energy with high efficiency. Although various material and structure designs have been reported, high efficiency in solar steam generation usually can be achieved only at concentrated solar illumination. For the first time, 3D printing to construct an all‐in‐one evaporator with a concave structure for high‐efficiency solar steam generation under 1 sun illumination is used. The solar‐steam‐generation device has a high porosity (97.3%) and efficient broadband solar absorption (>97%). The 3D‐printed porous evaporator with intrinsic low thermal conductivity enables heat localization and effectively alleviates thermal dissipation to the bulk water. As a result, the 3D‐printed evaporator has a high solar steam efficiency of 85.6% under 1 sun illumination (1 kW m−2), which is among the best compared with other reported evaporators. The all‐in‐one structure design using the advanced 3D printing fabrication technique offers a new approach to solar energy harvesting for high‐efficiency steam generation.
3D Printed Stretchable Tactile Sensors
Authors: Guo Shuang‐Zhuang , Qiu Kaiyan , Meng Fanben , Park Sung Hyun , McAlpine Michael C.
Published: May 2017

The development of methods for the 3D printing of multifunctional devices could impact areas ranging from wearable electronics and energy harvesting devices to smart prosthetics and human–machine interfaces. Recently, the development of stretchable electronic devices has accelerated, concomitant with advances in functional materials and fabrication processes. In particular, novel strategies have been developed to enable the intimate biointegration of wearable electronic devices with human skin in ways that bypass the mechanical and thermal restrictions of traditional microfabrication technologies. Here, a multimaterial, multiscale, and multifunctional 3D printing approach is employed to fabricate 3D tactile sensors under ambient conditions conformally onto freeform surfaces. The customized sensor is demonstrated with the capabilities of detecting and differentiating human movements, including pulse monitoring and finger motions. The custom 3D printing of functional materials and devices opens new routes for the biointegration of various sensors in wearable electronics systems, and toward advanced bionic skin applications.
Modifying Commercial Carbon with Trace Amounts of ZIF to Prepare Derivatives with Superior ORR Activities
Authors: Ni Bing , Ouyang Chen , Xu Xiaobin , Zhuang Jing , Wang Xun
Published: May 2017

Reducing costs while maintaining high activities and stabilities of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts has long been pursued for applications to membrane fuel cells. Here, an absorption‐reaction method is used to prepare a zeolitic imidazolate framework coated commercial carbon, and the pyrolysis of such material brings about impressive ORR activities and stabilities with large diffusion‐limited current density, half‐wave potential, and no obvious decay after 10 000 cyclic voltammetry cycles, which is even better than that of the commercial Pt/C catalysts. The absorption‐reaction method is realized by simply soaking the commercial carbon black sequentially in Co(NO3)2 and 2‐methylimidazole solutions at ambient conditions. The detailed analysis on such carbon materials reveals that both Co and N are essential to activities, even the amount of N and Co species is very low. The reduction of raw materials and simplified handling procedures result in well‐controlled costs in applications.
Iron‐Promoted Radical Reactions: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: May 2017

Catalysis based on precious metals has reached an incredible level of sophistication and has found widespread use and application, both in academia and in industry. However, owing to the environmental impact, cost, and low abundance, catalysis based on inexpensive, abundant, and environmentally benign first‐row transition metals has become a valuable alternative to traditional reactions promoted by their less‐abundant counterparts. From economic and ecological perspectives, iron salts and iron metal complexes are highly promising candidates to replace costly and toxic metals. In recent years, iron complexes have been used to promote the formation of radicals. Photoredox chemistry is a valuable method for the generation of radical species under mild conditions, but it often relies on rare‐earth‐metal complexes. The employment of iron complexes for the generation of radicals is attractive for the development of sustainable, simple, and effective procedures. In this Focus Review, we highlight and summarize recent radical reactions promoted by iron complexes and their application in organic reactions.
Selenium‐Catalyzed Oxacyclization of Alkenoic Acids and Alkenols
Authors: Sancineto Luca , Mangiavacchi Francesca , Tidei Caterina , Bagnoli Luana , Marini Francesca , Gioiello Antimo , Scianowski Jacek , Santi Claudio
Published: May 2017

A general and efficient method for the selenium‐catalyzed cyclofunctionalization reaction of alkenoic acids and alkenols is presented. Hydrogen peroxide was used as the green oxidant and all of the products were obtained in very good yields.
The Computer Heist: How an Unusual Mediation Recovered from Its Rocky Beginnings
Authors: Hoffman David A.
Published: May 2017

In commercial mediations, the path to settlement is often a winding road, replete with switchbacks, hairpin turns, and giant potholes. Navigating such a path requires flexibility on the part of the mediator, counsel and the parties.
Synthesis of Intrinsically Disordered Fluorinated Peptides for Modular Design of High‐Signal 19F MRI Agents
Authors: Kirberger Steven E. , Maltseva Sofia D. , Manulik Joseph C. , Einstein Samuel A. , Weegman Bradley P. , Garwood Michael , Pomerantz William C. K.
Published: May 2017

19F MRI is valuable for in vivo imaging due to the only trace amounts of fluorine in biological systems. Because of the low sensitivity of MRI however, designing new fluorochemicals remains a significant challenge for achieving sufficient 19F signal. Here, we describe a new class of high‐signal, water‐soluble fluorochemicals as 19F MRI imaging agents. A polyamide backbone is used for tuning the proteolytic stability to avoid retention within the body, which is a limitation of current state‐of‐the‐art perfluorochemicals. We show that unstructured peptides containing alternating N‐ϵ‐trifluoroacetyllysine and lysine provide a degenerate 19F NMR signal. 19F MRI phantom images provide sufficient contrast at micromolar concentrations, showing promise for eventual clinical applications. Finally, the degenerate high signal characteristics were retained when conjugated to a large protein, indicating potential for in vivo targeting applications, including molecular imaging and cell tracking.
Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with an Immobilized Molecular Co4O4 Cubane Catalyst
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Fei , Zhou Xu , Yu Fengshou , Du Jian , Bai Lichen , Sun Licheng
Published: May 2017

Molecular Co4O4 cubane water oxidation catalysts were combined with BiVO4 electrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The results show that tuning the substituent groups on cobalt cubane allows the PEC properties of the final molecular catalyst/BiVO4 hybrid photoanodes to be tailored. Upon loading a new cubane complex featuring alkoxy carboxylato bridging ligands (1 h) on BiVO4, an AM 1.5G photocurrent density of 5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE for water oxidation was obtained, the highest photocurrent for undoped BiVO4 photoanodes. A high solar‐energy conversion efficiency of 1.84 % was obtained for the integrated photoanode, a sixfold enhancement over that of unmodified BiVO4. These results and the high surface charge separation efficiency support the role of surface‐modified molecular catalysts in improving PEC performance and demonstrate the potential of molecule/semiconductor hybrids for efficient artificial photosynthesis.
A Tetracyclic Octaphosphane by Successive Addition, Inversion, and Condensation Reactions
Authors: Hennersdorf Felix , Weigand Jan J.
Published: May 2017

An example of an octaphosphane of type R2P8 (R=(DDP)Ga) was isolated by treatment of cage compound (DDP)GaP4 (2, DDP=(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)(4‐((2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino)pent‐2‐en‐2‐yl)amide) with (C6F5)2PBr. The initially formed endo‐exo butterfly shaped pentaphosphane 7 rapidly rearranges to the more stable exo–exo isomer 8, which undergoes dimerization to decaphosphane 11. Compound 11 unexpectedly eliminates tetraaryldiphosphane 13 to give tetracyclo[3.3.0.02,7.04,6]octaphosphane [(DDP)GaBr]2P8 (12). The reaction steps were confirmed by crystal structure analysis of the key intermediates and supported by kinetic studies using NMR techniques.
Color‐Change Photoswitching of an Alkynylpyrene Excimer Dye
Authors: Chan Ke Min , Kölmel Dominik K. , Wang Shenliang , Kool Eric T.
Published: May 2017

We describe a photoswitchable DNA‐based dimeric dye that visibly changes fluorescence from green to blue upon UV irradiation. A novel bis‐alkyne‐dependent [2+2+2] cycloaddition is proposed as a mechanism for the color change in air. The photoinduced structural switching results in spatial separation of stacked pyrene units, thereby causing selective loss of the excimer emission. We demonstrate and suggest several applications for this novel photoswitch.
Superconducting Phases of Phosphorus Hydride Under Pressure: Stabilization by Mobile Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Bi Tiange , Miller Daniel P. , Shamp Andrew , Zurek Eva
Published: May 2017

At 80 GPa, phases with the PH2 stoichiometry, which are composed of simple cubic like phosphorus layers capped with hydrogen atoms and layers of H2 molecules, are predicted to be important species contributing to the recently observed superconductivity in compressed phosphine. The electron–phonon coupling in these phases results from the motions of the phosphorus atoms and the hydrogen atoms bound to them. The role of the mobile H2 layers is to decrease the Coulomb repulsion between the negatively charged hydrogen atoms capping the phosphorus layers. An insulating PH5 phase, the structure and bonding of which is reminiscent of diborane, is also predicted to be metastable at this pressure.
Entropy Drives the Formation of Salt Bridges in the Protein GB3
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wang Yefei , An Liaoyuan , Song Xiangfei , Huang Qingshan , Liu Zhijun , Yao Lishan
Published: May 2017

Salt bridges are very common in proteins. But what drives the formation of protein salt bridges is not clear. In this work, we determined the strength of four salt bridges in the protein GB3 by measuring the ΔpKa values of the basic residues that constitute the salt bridges with a highly accurate NMR titration method at different temperatures. The results show that the ΔpKa values increase with temperature, thus indicating that the salt bridges are stronger at higher temperatures. Fitting of ΔpKa values to the van't Hoff equation yields positive ΔH and ΔS values, thus indicating that entropy drives salt‐bridge formation. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the protein and solvent make opposite contributions to ΔH and ΔS. Specifically, the enthalpic gain contributed from the protein is more than offset by the enthalpic loss contributed from the solvent, whereas the entropic gain originates from the desolvation effect.
AgPt nanoparticles supported on magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets for catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol: Studies of kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Kohantorabi Mona , Gholami Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2017

AgxPt100−x (x = 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100) nanoparticles were grown on the surface of magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets (Fe3O4@GO) for the first time. The as‐prepared nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The Fe3O4@GO‐AgxPt100−x catalysts were applied in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol using sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The synthesized nanocomposites exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of 4‐NP with high recyclability for five consecutive runs. The Fe3O4@GO‐Ag75Pt25 nanocomposite exhibited the best catalytic activity with a rate constant as high as 140.6 × 10−3 s−1. The obtained kinetic data were modelled with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood equation. The energy of activation and thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy, entropy of activation and activation Gibbs free energy were calculated.
Mononuclear metal (II) complexes of a Bis(organoamido)phosphate ligand with antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli
Authors: Pal Souvik , Tarafdar Abhrajyoti , Sinha Alok , Bhunia Asamanjoy , Harms Klaus , Nayek Hari Pada
Published: May 2017

A new tripodal ligand [PO(NH2MePy)3] (L) (2MePy = 2‐(4‐methyl pyridyl)) have been synthesized by treating phosphorous oxychloride with 2‐Amino‐4‐methylpyridine in toluene under refluxing condition. The ligand was appeared as a white solid and characterized by several standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as FT‐IR, NMR (1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H}) and ESI‐MS spectroscopy. The ligand (L) undergone metal‐assisted hydrolysis of one P–N bond when treated it with hydrated metal nitrates, M(NO3)2·xH2O (M = Zn, Cu, Co and Ni) under hydrothermal reaction condition in DMF‐H2O (1:1). This results in the formation of four mononuclear complexes [{PO2(NH2MePy)2}2M] [M = Zn (1), Cu (2), Co (3), Ni (4)], where ligand (L) hydrolyses to a anionic bis(organoamido)phosphate, [PO2(NH2MePy)2]−. All complexes were completely characterized by various analytical techniques and their solid state molecular structures were established by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. All complexes are isostructural with a metal (II) ion situating at the centre of a distorted octahedron. Two tridentate [PO2(NH2MePy)2]− ligands are coordinated to metal(II) ion through N‐ and O‐donor atoms, thus neutralizing the charge of the complex. Optical properties of all complexes in solid state have been studied. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of complexes 1–4 have been explored. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such compounds investigated for their antimicrobial activities.
Gold nanoparticles anchored onto the magnetic poly(ionic‐liquid) polymer as robust and recoverable catalyst for reduction of Nitroarenes
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Ayati Seyed Ebrahim , Firouzi Hamid Reza , Hosseini Seyed Hassan , Pourjavadi Ali
Published: May 2017

Gold nanoparticles supported on poly ionic‐liquid magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@PIL@Au) were synthesized by reduction of HAuCl4 with sodium borohydride. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using by AAS, TEM, FT‐IR, EDS, TGA and XRD techniques. The performance of the synthesized catalyst was investigated in the reduction of nitroarenes with NaBH4. The reaction was carried out for various nitroarenes in water and mild conditions with high yields. The catalyst selectivity for the reduction of nitro group in the presences of other functional groups such as halides and alkynes was fairly well. The recycling of the catalyst was done 8 times without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Polymer supported copper(II) amine‐imine complexes in the C‐N and A3 coupling reactions
Authors: Bukowska Agnieszka , Bukowski Wiktor , Bester Karol , Hus Krzysztof
Published: May 2017

New polymer supported Cu(II) complexes based on an epoxy functionalized gel type resin were prepared using the multi‐stage procedures. The reactions of epoxy groups with ethylenediamine or tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine, and then NH2 groups with salicylaldehydes were used for the preparation of a series of amine‐imine functionalized polymer supports. Copper(II) acetate was used as a source of metal ions. The complexes were characterized using ICP‐OES, FTIR, DR UV–Vis and TGA techniques, and tested as catalysts in two model C‐N and a series of A3 coupling reactions. Their catalytic activity was rather low in the C‐N coupling reactions between imidazole and iodobenzene or phenylboronic acid. However, the second of the reactions could be conducted effectively under milder conditions. The complexes were efficient used as recyclable catalysts in the A3 coupling reactions. A series of aromatic aldehydes and secondary amines and phenylacetylene could be coupled using 1% mol catalyst.
Synthesis of polystyrene latex via emulsion polymerization with poly(vinyl alcohol) as sole stabilizer
Authors: Lu Yangcheng , Liu Xiaojing , Luo Guangsheng
Published: May 2017

Compared with low molecular surfactants, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) could afford latexes with particular tackiness as an important property for various applications. However, until now, except for some highly reactive monomers, most of monomers including styrene seldom use PVA as protective colloid in emulsion polymerization. In this work, we used oil‐soluble initiator, 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile, to accelerate the copolymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene in PVA protected colloids and synthesize polystyrene (PS) latex within 50 min at 70 °C successfully. The reaction system could remain stable even at the monomer‐to‐water ratio as high as 1:4, and the polymerization in pseudo‐micelles or latex particles was always dominant. The adjustment of the size of the PS latex in the range from 70 to 100 nm was facilely achieved by changing the polymerization temperature, the addition of PVA, or the monomer‐to‐water ratio. This method was also exploited to synthesize poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene‐co‐4‐chlorostyrene) latexes, indicating prospects in applications with the advantages of high capacity and broad applicability. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45111.
Numerical and experimental investigations on polymer melt flow phenomenon in a vario‐thermal mold cavity
Authors: Liu Jitao , Zhang Shuxiang , Zhao Guoqun , Wang Guilong
Published: May 2017

Mold temperature is one of the key factors affecting the morphology and quality of plastic parts. This article explores the melt flow phenomena in a vario‐thermal mold cavity. A coupled numerical method, considering the conjugate heat transfer between the mold and melt, is developed for the melt flow simulation. Mold temperature variations and melt flow phenomena for short shot injection in an electrical heated mold cavity are numerically studied and verified by experiments. The results indicate that the melt flow length and cavity filling ratio increase significantly with the elongation of the preheating time before injection. Melt filling ratio increased nearly linearly with the increasing of electric heating time. The smaller the injection pressure is, the bigger the relative filling ratio increment is. Therefore, polymer melt can flow much longer or the mold cavity can be filled up with a smaller injection pressure when the cavity is preheated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45193.
Short DNA containing χ sites enhances DNA stability and gene expression in E. coli cell‐free transcription–translation systems
Authors: Marshall Ryan , Maxwell Colin S. , Collins Scott P. , Beisel Chase L. , Noireaux Vincent
Published: May 2017

Escherichia coli cell‐free transcription–translation (TXTL) systems offer versatile platforms for advanced biomanufacturing and for prototyping synthetic biological parts and devices. Production and testing could be accelerated with the use of linear DNA, which can be rapidly and cheaply synthesized. However, linear DNA is efficiently degraded in TXTL preparations from E. coli. Here, we show that double‐stranded DNA encoding χ sites—eight base‐pair sequences preferentially bound by the RecBCD recombination machinery—stabilizes linear DNA and greatly enhances the TXTL‐based expression and activity of a fluorescent reporter gene, simple regulatory cascades, and T7 bacteriophage particles. The χ‐site DNA and the DNA‐binding λ protein Gam yielded similar enhancements, and DNA with as few as four χ sites was sufficient to ensure robust gene expression in TXTL. Given the affordability and scalability of producing the short χ‐site DNA, this generalized strategy is expected to advance the broad use of TXTL systems across its many applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2137–2141. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.