bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The common problem of vectorial optimization in the technological safety management
Authors: Chomik Mykola , Havrylko Yevgen
Published: April 2020

In the work examined: possibility of the use of vectorial optimization at a management technogenic safety; some problem aspects of such use; general issue of vectorial optimization at a management technogenic safety and mathematical formalization of this problem comes true.The marked is caused: by complication and importance of practical problems at military to business, for the decision of that the vehicle of analysis of operations is attracted; by inaccuracy of traditional methods of scalar (onecriterion) optimization at the decision of similar problems; by possibilities of vectorial, multicriterion approach in relation to a search and optimization of administrative decisions at consideration of difficult processes and systems of any nature, including, management technogenic safety.It is set that basic difficulties of decision of vectorial tasks to optimization of decisions in relation to a management technogenic safety are related to the specification of the initial formalized model, with transformation of her to the kind, comfortable for a choice optimal decision. Thus there is a necessity for the decision of three fundamental problems on that the rightness of optimal choice depends in a great deal: choice of principle of optimality; choice of principle of normalization; choice of principle of taking into account of priority.Research results can be drawn on during organization of liquidation of consequences of emergencies of different character and realization of management technogenic safety in the aspect of search of optimal decision of such management, including, during the conduct of operation of Incorporated forces.
MENUMBUHKAN RASA SENANG BERHITUNG DENGAN METODE JARIMATIKA PADA SISWA TK
Authors: Kurniawan Choirul
Published: April 2020

This study aims to measure and foster pleasure in counting with the Jarimatika method. This research was conducted collaboratively with classroom teachers in learning activities in class. The research subjects of Class A Bahrul Ulum TK in Karangduren Village, Pakisaji District, Malang Regency were 20 students. Data collection techniques: tests, observations, interviews and documentation, descriptive data analysis techniques. The purpose of this study is to help students grow their joy in learning mathematics with the Jarimatika method and help teachers to be more creative in making interesting and innovative methods in the classroom.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA MATERI LUAS PERMUKAAN DAN VOLUME BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR
Authors: Khoirunnisa Syifa , Sulhan Sulhan , Kalsum Umi , Timbu Dorkas Lali , Ngongo Oktavianus Bulu , Ambarawati Mika
Published: April 2020

Most students consider mathematics as a difficult and confusing subject of the many subjects, solid geometry is one of the mathematical subjects considered by students to be the most difficult to understand. Therefore a study was conducted on the difficulties of students in completing the material in solid geometry. The purpose of this study is to describe the difficulty of students in solving mathematical problems in the material surface area and volume of the solid geometry with flat side, especially rectangular solid. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Based on research that has been done, it is known that students have difficulty understanding concepts and definitions, difficulty applying formulas, and difficulty in calculations.
Korean Muslims: Shaping Islamic Discourse and Identities Online
Authors: Sheikh Farrah
Published: April 2020

This ethnographic study explores the ways in which Korean Muslim youth are employing strategies of dialogue to build trust and acceptance through the use of Facebook. Using public posts and facilitating discussions within the private message setting, Korean Muslim youth are engaging mainstream Korean society in the hope of fostering solidarity, acceptance and normalization of their existence as Korean Muslims. Through these efforts, Korean Muslim youth are re-working notions of Korean identity through their personal conversions to Islam.
Sources of Conflict: A Comparative Synthesis of American and Korean Parricides
Authors: Shon Phillip
Published: April 2020

Despite the nominative classification of parricides based on the victim–offender relationship, parricide bears the offense characteristics of many crimes. In prior works, the killing of parents has been framed as a violent reaction of severely abused children against their tormentors, or as the identity demarcating actions of adult sons suffering from mental illness. Aside from these two primary discourses, the reasons parents and their offspring become mired in conflicts across various life stages of both participants have been neglected from the literature. A more recent theoretical framework examines parricides and their sources of conflict across the life course of the victims and offenders. This paper synthesizes the sources of conflict in parricides in nineteen-century America and twentiethcentury South Korea by comparing the similarities and differences in offense characteristics. I argue that parricides in the two countries can be differentiated based on the differences in history and culture.
A Cross-Border Life and Legacy: Zheng Lücheng
Authors: Pease Rowan
Published: April 2020

Zheng Lücheng (1914–1976) is famed in China as the composer of “March of the People’s Liberation Army” (C. Zhongguo renmin jiefangjun jinxingqu). Less well known, but of more interest to readers of this paper, is his “March of the [North Korean] People’s Army” (K. Inmin’gun haengjin kok), the official army march of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea until the late 1950s. Zheng was a transnational musician, crossing the shifting borders of Korea, Manchuria and China during turbulent years of war. Zheng’s is a fascinating story of revolution, migration, music, romance and diplomacy at a crux in East Asian history. In the 1930s, Zheng left southern Korea to join anti-Japanese forces in China; he studied and then worked in the Lu Xun Arts School in Yan’an—the crucible of Maoist cultural policy; he married a Han Chinese cadre; returned to North Korea to compose for the army, establish orchestras and conservatoires; was repatriated to China and almost immediately returned to Pyongyang with the Chinese forces. Finally, he returned for good to China as an army composer. A literate and wellconnected musician, he was adept at negotiating the power of nation states. Since Zheng’s death in 1976, his legacy has continued to cross borders. He is celebrated in a North Korean biographical film, The Musician Zheng Lücheng (K. Ŭmakka Chŏng Ryulsŏng; 1992) and in a Chinese film Going towards the Sun (C. Zouxiang taiyang; 2005). He is commemorated in exhibition halls, memorials and festivals in both China and in his birthplace in Kwangju, South Korea. Zheng’s story and music evoke nationalist sentiment, and at the same time are used in cultural diplomacy between these states. Drawing on interviews, archival documents and more recent materials, this examination of Zheng, who played such a central part in the creation of East Asian musical modernity in the mid-twentieth century, illustrates a fascinating interaction of nationalism, internationalism and, now, soft power.
Intravenous Dexamethasone Attenuated Inflammation and Influenced Apoptosis of Lung Cells in an Experimental Model of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: KOSUTOVA P. , MIKOLKA P. , BALENTOVA S. , ADAMKOV M. , KOLOMAZNIK M. , CALKOVSKA A. , MOKRA D.
Published: April 2020

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, inflammation, and transmigration and activation of inflammatory cells. This study evaluated if intravenous dexamethasone can influence lung inflammation and apoptosis in lavage-induced ALI. ALI was induced in rabbits by repetitive saline lung lavage (30 ml/kg, 9±3-times). Animals were divided into 3 groups: ALI without therapy (ALI), ALI treated with dexamethasone i.v. (0.5 mg/kg, Dexamed; ALI+DEX), and healthy non-ventilated controls (Control). After following 5 h of ventilation, ALI animals were overdosed by anesthetics. Total and differential counts of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) were estimated. Lung edema was expressed as wet/dry weight ratio. Concentrations of IL-1ß, IL-8, esRAGE, S1PR3 in the lung were analyzed by ELISA methods. In right lung, apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL assay and caspase-3 immunohistochemically. Dexamethasone showed a trend to improve lung functions and histopathological changes, reduced leak of neutrophils (P<0.001) into the lung, decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory IL-1β (P<0.05) and marker of lung injury esRAGE (P<0.05), lung edema formation (P<0.05), and lung apoptotic index (P<0.01), but increased immunoreactivity of caspase-3 in the lung (P<0.001). Considering the action of dexamethasone on respiratory parameters and lung injury, the results indicate potential of this therapy in ALI.
Cardioprotection Induced by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Preserves the Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in Acute Diabetic Myocardium
Authors: KANCIROVÁ I. , JAŠOVÁ M. , MURÁRIKOVÁ M. , SUMBALOVÁ Z. , ULIČNÁ O. , RAVINGEROVÁ T. , WACZULÍKOVÁ I. , ZIEGELHÖFFER A. , FERKO M.
Published: April 2020

A 2×2 factorial design was used to evaluate possible preservation of mitochondrial functions in two cardioprotective experimental models, remote ischemic preconditioning and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and their interaction during ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) of the heart. Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control (C), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM), preconditioned (RPC) and preconditioned streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM+RPC). RPC was conducted by 3 cycles of 5-min hind-limb ischemia and 5-min reperfusion. DM was induced by a single dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Isolated hearts were exposed to ischemia/ reperfusion test according to Langendorff. Thereafter mitochondria were isolated and the mitochondrial respiration was measured. Additionally, the ATP synthase activity measurements on the same preparations were done. Animals of all groups subjected to I/R exhibited a decreased state 3 respiration with the least change noted in DM+RPC group associated with no significant changes in state 2 respiration. In RPC, DM and DM+RPC group, no significant changes in the activity of ATP synthase were observed after I/R injury. These results suggest that the endogenous protective mechanisms of RPC and DM do preserve the mitochondrial function in heart when they act in combination.
Propofol-Induced Mitochondrial and Contractile Dysfunction of the Rat Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: GRUNDMANOVÁ M. , JARKOVSKÁ D. , SÜß A. , TŮMA Z. , MARKOVÁ M. , GRUNDMAN Z. , EL-KADI A. , ČEDÍKOVÁ M. , ŠTENGL M. , KUNCOVÁ J.
Published: April 2020

Propofol is a short-acting hypnotic agent used in human medicine for sedation and general anesthesia. Its administration can be associated with serious cardiovascular side-effects that include decrease in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. The aim of the present study was to evaluate propofol effects on mitochondrial respiration, myocardial contractility and electrophysiology in the same samples isolated from the heart ventricles of adult rats. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured in permeabilized samples dissected from free walls of both ventricles using high-resolution respirometry. State LEAK was determined with malate and glutamate. Active respiration was induced by ADP (state PI) and further by succinate, a Complex II substrate (PI+II). Rotenone was injected to measure state PII. Antimycin A, a Complex III inhibitor was used to determine residual oxygen consumption (ROX). N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride and ascorbate were injected simultaneously for respirometric assay of cytochrome c oxidase activity (CIV). Isometric contractions and membrane potentials were determined on multicellular preparations isolated from right and left ventricles. Propofol concentrations used ranged from 0.005 to 0.5 mmol/l. All respiratory parameters were significantly higher in the left control ventricles compared to the right ones. Propofol significantly decreased Complex I activity at concentration 0.025 mmol/l and papillary muscle contraction force at 0.1 mmol/l. Propofol did not affect action potential duration at any concentration studied. Our study suggests that mechanisms contributing to the impaired myocardial contraction during propofol anesthesia might include also mitochondrial dysfunction manifested by compromised activity of the respiratory Complex I.
Pathophysiology of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy – Biomarkers, Animal Models and Treatment Perspectives
Authors: RILJAK V. , KRAF J. , DARYANANI A. , JIRUŠKA P. , OTÁHAL J.
Published: April 2020

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the leading pediatric neurological conditions causing long-term disabilities and socio-economical burdens. Nearly 20-50 % of asphyxiated newborns with HIE die within the newborn period and another third will develop severe health consequences and permanent handicaps. HIE is the result of severe systemic oxygen deprivation and reduced cerebral blood flow, commonly occurring in full-term infants. Hypoxic-ischemic changes trigger several molecular and cellular processes leading to cell death and inflammation. Generated reactive oxygen species attack surrounding cellular components resulting in functional deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the present paper is to review present knowledge about the pathophysiology of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, especially with respect to novel treatment strategies and biomarkers that might enhance early detection of this disorder and thus improve the general outcome of patients.
The Duke of Albany's Invasion of England in 1523 and Military Mobilisation in Sixteenth-century Scotland
Authors: Murphy Neil
Published: April 2020

In November 1523 a Scottish army, led by John Stewart, duke of Albany, invaded England for the first time since the battle of Flodden. While this was a major campaign, it has largely been ignored in the extensive literature on Anglo-Scottish warfare. Drawing on Scottish, French and English records, this article provides a systematic analysis of the campaign. Although the campaign of 1523 was ultimately unsuccessful, it is the most comprehensively documented Scottish offensive against England before the seventeenth century and the extensive records detailing the expedition advances broader understanding of military mobilisation in medieval and early modern Scotland. While the national mobilisation drive which sought to gather men from across the kingdom was ultimately unsuccessful, the expedition witnessed the most extensive number of French soldiers yet sent to Scotland. Finally, the article considers how an examination of the expedition enhances understanding of regency rule and the political conditions in Scotland in the years after Flodden.
Cinema for the Common Good: Municipalisation and Mass Entertainment in Early Twentieth-Century Scotland
Authors: Griffiths Trevor , Bohlmann Julia
Published: April 2020

In the years during and immediately after the first world war, a number of Scottish burghs considered extending their range of activities to take in the provision of entertainment by means of the cinema, the most significant mass entertainment medium of the early twentieth century. In doing so, they sought to make use of a particular Scottish institution, the common good fund. This article explores the thinking, political, economic and cultural, behind this marked expansion in public enterprise. It examines in detail the working of businesses where full responsibility for cinema operations was assumed, paying particular attention to matters of pricing, programming and the disposition of profits, noting also the factors which made this experiment in municipal trading short-lived. Although largely abandoned by the early 1920s, municipal cinema provided a model for more sustained local initiatives and exemplifies Scotland's deep and varied engagement with the moving image across the twentieth century.
"ISLAMIC JIHAD GROUP" IN THE METAMORPHOSES OF TERRORISM
Authors: Ryazanov Daniil S.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the terrorist organization «Islamic Jihad Group». The author analyzes the versions of its origin, the transformation of strategic priorities. Much attention is given to the relations of «Islamic Jihad Group» with other groups. The author notes that the vagueness of the jihadist ideological base creates opportunities for the modification of the terrorist groups. The author hypothesizes that the terrorist structures are created with a given life cycle. The author comes to the conclusion that the «Islamic Jihad Group» retains its destructive potential.
Consular law and consular protection of citizens and legal entities in modern times and their legal basis
Authors: Ryazantsev Alexander
Published: April 2020

The necessity of writing this article is conditioned by the active development of consular law, which, as part of international law, evolves directly under the influence of world political and economic processes. At the beginning of the twentieth century, an impressive number of consulates operated in Europe, North and South America, Asia, the middle East, and partly in Africa.The legal acts regulating the consular sphere of influence, concluded in Russia in the 19th century, had not only national significance, but also international significance. All adopted conventions, treatises, agreements and charters were elements that form the system of public international law as a whole.With the formation of a new state in the former Russian Empire, it became necessary to adopt a new legal framework regulating consular activities.
QUANTILE TRANSFORM IN STRUCTURAL BIOINFORMATICS PROBLEMS
Authors: Poluyan Sergey Vladimirovich , Ershov Nikolay Mikhaylovich
Published: April 2020

In this paper we study features of the multivariate empirical quantum function implementation for which sample is distributed at the mesh points of the regular grid. We present an algorithm for continuous and discrete quantile transform based on recursive definition of the multivariate quantile function. We perform numerical study of the presented algorithm and demonstrate it computational complexity according to representation of the sample. We present the results of using evolutionary optimization algorithm with quantile transform for solving the problems in structural bioinformatics: protein structure prediction from amino acid sequence and protein-peptide docking with known binding site and linear peptide structure.
DETERMINATION OF THE DENSITY VALUE SPECIFICALLY AT THE FOCAL POINT OF THE MIRROR CONCENTRATING SYSTEM
Authors: Sobirov Yuldash Begzhanovich , Rakhimov Rustam Khakimovich , Abdurakhmanov Shakhriyor Abdujabbarovich
Published: April 2020

When designing mirror concentrating systems, it is necessary to determine in advance the optical-geometric and optical-energy characteristics of the installation. One is required to choose the mirrors with a reflection coefficient to satisfy the expected energy distribution in the focal area and to pay attention to the accuracy of the reflective surfaces of the mirrors, to the accuracy of the tracking system of the heliostats to the trajectory of the apparent motion of the Sun, to the partial shading to the reflective surfaces, etc. Based on these data, it is necessary to calculate the irradiance distribution in the focal zone of the installation. During installation and utilization of the equipment it is necessary to measure and monitor these parameters and, if necessary, to recalculate the energy distribution taking into account the new parameters.The methods for calculating the density distribution of the radiant flux in the focal zone of mirror-concentrating systems have been developed in parallel with the requirements of exploitation. They do not always correctly reflect the true picture formed in the focus of the heliostat. In this paper, the analysis presents the existing methods for calculating paraboloid concentrators based on the Gaussian distribution of energy in the focal plane. Developing the method of fallen and reflected elementary cone beam and on the basis of generated scattered optical images of the Sun and of the visible angular size (2γо = 32 angle of minutes) of the Sun, which shows non-Gaussian nature of the resulting distribution in the focal plane due to the influence of aberration of the optical paraboloidal surface depending on the change of the aperture angle 2U, we obtained an analytical calculation formula to determine the value of the concentrated radiant flux specifically at the focal point of a paraboloid mirror concentrating system.
AUTOMATION OF DESIGN PROCESSES WHEN CREATING AND OPERATING SPECIAL CARS
Authors: Kuklina Irina Gennadevna
Published: April 2020

The fundamental task of the modern engineer-creator of specialized automotive equipment (the study examines cross- country vehicles and equipment for the construction and maintenance of roads) is a competent and high-performance application of modern information technologies, as noted in the Government Decree of 2014 . The author of the article proposed a structured set of application of object-oriented information methodologies for solving problems of calculation and visualization when creating highly reliable vehicles equipped with long screw rotors . The methodologies of automation and computerization of design processes in calculating the dynamics of a machine (the creation of a competent design of vibration damping in automotive vehicles is one of the most important tasks of car builders) were considered and proposed at the end of the last and the beginning of the modern century by leading foreign and Russian authors [4, p. 53].Snow and swamp vehicles - so often called rotor-screw machines are equipped with long screw rotors [6, p. 23], the use of which significantly increases the cross-country ability of the machine [7, p. 135], but also increases the vibrational loads on the operator and passengers of the all-terrain vehicle. The creation of a methodology for calculating the oscillatory processes of these machines is devoted to the works of famous scientists of Russia . The proposed surveys are devoted to the use of modern information technologies to increase the speed and quality characteristics of calculation processes when creating comfortable and reliable special vehicles with rotary thrusters. Calculation programs are accompanied by video playback of machine units.The article proposes an original object-oriented system for studying dynamic vibration loading of machines with linear contact between the supporting surface and the propulsion. It is the uniqueness of rotor-screw machines that creates difficult conditions for the design engineers of these machines. Automation of complex calculations of the oscillatory system of these machines is an important task for Russian designers.
PELAKSANAAN PENYIDIKAN TERHADAP ANAK YANG TERLIBAT DALAM TRANSAKSI NARKOTIKA
Authors: Ramadhona Ana
Published: April 2020

One crime that often occurs in Indonesia is drug use. Protection of children in a national society is a benchmark of the nation's civilization, so it must be pursued in accordance with the abilities of the  nation. The study was conducted by using an empirical juridical approach. The data used are primary data obtained by interview and secondary data obtained through literature studies. The results of the study are described as follows: As for the implementation of investigations against children involved in narcotics transactions in the jurisdiction of Payakumbuh Police conducted by investigators basically in accordance with the Criminal Procedural Code and Law Number 11 Year 2012 Concerning the Criminal Justice System that applies even though in its implementation it has not maximize due to some limitations. The rights granted to child as suspects are also given in the form of rights avoided from acts of violence, accompanied by legal counsel and social guidance, the right to express opinions, views freely, receive care and welfare, and the right to be treated equally, Obstacles arising in investigations of children involved in Narcotics transactions in the Payakumbuh Police jurisdiction, including the time to detain children is very limited, namely seven days and can be extended eight days so that investigators must be extra fast to be able to complete the case file, should conduct an examination at the BPOM Padang laboratory. It must be also delivered and picked up by investigators and wait for the results of BAPAS research on the child concerned, and the absence of special investigators for children.
The Dignity of Kangal Fish in the Context of the Swiss Animal Protection Act
Authors: Friedli Katharina , Binder Heinrich
Published: April 2020

Since 2008, the Swiss Animal Protection Act (AniPA) protects not only the welfare but also the dignity of the animal. Weighing of interests plays a crucial role in the implementation of the dignity concept. This article outlines the concept of the dignity of animals and explains the method of weighing of interests in the context of the AniPA. The ‘Dignity of the Animal’ study group (DSG) of the Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO) has disputed the implementation of this novel concept in animal welfare and has developed a model procedure to ensure that weighing of interests in the context of the AniPA is carried out correctly and in a standardized way. Weighing of interests is performed in seven steps: 1. Describing the aim; 2. presentation of the facts; 3. assessing suitability; 4. assessing necessity; 5. identifying and assessing strain; 6. identifying and assessing interests; and 7. comparing strain vs. interests. The application of the model is shown with the example of kangal fish used for therapeutic or recreational purposes. It shows how the outcome of the weighing of interests will differ for the same setup depending on the nature of interests involved.
Implication of the p53-Related miR-34c, -125b, and -203 in the Osteoblastic Differentiation and the Malignant Transformation of Bone Sarcomas
Authors: Jacques Camille , Tesfaye Robel , Lavaud Melanie , Georges Steven , Baud’huin Marc , Lamoureux François , Ory Benjamin
Published: April 2020

The formation of the skeleton occurs throughout the lives of vertebrates and is achieved through the balanced activities of two kinds of specialized bone cells: the bone-forming osteoblasts and the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Impairment in the remodeling processes dramatically hampers the proper healing of fractures and can also result in malignant bone diseases such as osteosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-strand RNAs implicated in the control of various cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their post-transcriptional regulatory role confers on them inhibitory functions toward specific target mRNAs. As miRNAs are involved in the differentiation program of precursor cells, it is now well established that this class of molecules also influences bone formation by affecting osteoblastic differentiation and the fate of osteoblasts. In response to various cell signals, the tumor-suppressor protein p53 activates a huge range of genes, whose miRNAs promote genomic-integrity maintenance, cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we review the role of three p53-related miRNAs, miR-34c, -125b, and -203, in the bone-remodeling context and, in particular, in osteoblastic differentiation. The second aim of this study is to deal with the potential implication of these miRNAs in osteosarcoma development and progression.
Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technology for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Self-Testing
Authors: Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P. , Crayton Ellen Debra
Published: April 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading with a rising death toll and transmission rate reported in high income countries rather than in low income countries. The overburdened healthcare systems and poor disease surveillance systems in resource-limited settings may struggle to cope with this COVID-19 outbreak and this calls for a tailored strategic response for these settings. Here, we recommend a low cost blockchain and artificial intelligence-coupled self-testing and tracking systems for COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases. Prompt deployment and appropriate implementation of the proposed system have the potential to curb the transmissions of COVID-19 and the related mortalities, particularly in settings with poor access to laboratory infrastructure.
Modeling the Charging Behaviors for Electric Vehicles Based on Ternary Symmetric Kernel Density Estimation
Authors: Chen Lixing , Huang Xueliang , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2020

The accurate modeling of the charging behaviors for electric vehicles (EVs) is the basis for the charging load modeling, the charging impact on the power grid, orderly charging strategy, and planning of charging facilities. Therefore, an accurate joint modeling approach of the arrival time, the staying time, and the charging capacity for the EVs charging behaviors in the work area based on ternary symmetric kernel density estimation (KDE) is proposed in accordance with the actual data. First and foremost, a data transformation model is established by considering the boundary bias of the symmetric KDE in order to carry out normal transformation on distribution to be estimated from all kinds of dimensions to the utmost extent. Then, a ternary symmetric KDE model and an optimum bandwidth model are established to estimate the transformed data. Moreover, an estimation evaluation model is also built to transform simulated data that are generated on a certain scale with the Monte Carlo method by means of inverse transformation, so that the fitting level of the ternary symmetric KDE model can be estimated. According to simulation results, a higher fitting level can be achieved by the ternary symmetric KDE method proposed in this paper, in comparison to the joint estimation method based on the edge KDE and the ternary t-Copula function. Moreover, data transformation can effectively eliminate the boundary effect of symmetric KDE.
Effects of Nanoparticle Additives on Spray Characteristics of Liquid Jets in Gaseous Crossflow
Authors: Shi Weidong , Li Fengyu , Lin Qizhao , Fang Guofeng , Chen Liang , Zhang Liang
Published: April 2020

Nanofluids are attracting attention as future energy carriers owing to their high performance for improving combustion and heat transfer. In this study, the macroscopic characteristics of nanofluid jets in a subsonic gaseous crossflow were investigated by focusing on the influence of nanoparticle additives on the breakup process. Based on a distribution map of the image grayscale standard deviation, we propose an improved method to process transverse injection shadowgraphs. A simplified model of the transition mechanism from column breakup to surface breakup at a small Weber number was established. The effects of nanoparticles on the jet trajectory and column fracture position were analyzed according to the deviations from the pure liquid. To interpret the effects of the nanoparticles, a new nondimensional parameter was introduced into the empirical correlation of the column fracture position. The results indicated that at low concentrations of nanoparticles, the surface tension of the nanofluids increased slightly, while the viscosity increased significantly (by up to 23%). These changes in the physical properties had little effect on the breakup regimes or jet trajectory. Moreover, the nanoparticles promoted cavitation inside the liquid column, resulting in an additional primary breakup mode for the nanofluids. Consequently, the length of the column fracture was reduced by up to 20% compared with that of the basic fluid.
Delta-Notch Signaling: The Long and the Short of a Neuron’s Influence on Progenitor Fates
Authors: Moore Rachel , Alexandre Paula
Published: April 2020

Maintenance of the neural progenitor pool during embryonic development is essential to promote growth of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is initially formed by tightly compacted proliferative neuroepithelial cells that later acquire radial glial characteristics and continue to divide at the ventricular (apical) and pial (basal) surface of the neuroepithelium to generate neurons. While neural progenitors such as neuroepithelial cells and apical radial glia form strong connections with their neighbours at the apical and basal surfaces of the neuroepithelium, neurons usually form the mantle layer at the basal surface. This review will discuss the existing evidence that supports a role for neurons, from early stages of differentiation, in promoting progenitor cell fates in the vertebrates CNS, maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating spatiotemporal patterning of neuronal differentiation through Delta-Notch signalling.
Subject (in) Trouble: Humans, Robots, and Legal Imagination
Authors: Oliveira Ana
Published: April 2020

The legal conception and interpretation of the subject of law have long been challenged by different theoretical backgrounds: from the feminist critiques of the patriarchal nature of law and its subjects to the Marxist critiques of its capitalist ideological nature and the anti-racist critiques of its colonial nature. These perspectives are, in turn, challenged by anarchist, queer, and crip conceptions that, while compelling a critical return to the subject, the structure and the law also serve as an inspiration for arguments that deplete the structures and render them hostages of the sovereignty of the subject’ self-fiction. Identity Wars (a possible epithet for this political and epistemological battle to establish meaning through which power is exercised) have, for their part, been challenged by a renewed axiological consensus, here introduced by posthuman critical theory: species hierarchy and anthropocentric exceptionalism. As concepts and matter, questioning human exceptionalism has created new legal issues: from ecosexual weddings with the sea, the sun, or a horse; to human rights of animals; to granting legal personhood to nature; to human rights of machines, inter alia the right to (or not to) consent. Part of a wider movement on legal theory, which extends the notion of legal subjectivity to non-human agents, the subject is increasingly in trouble. From Science Fiction to hyperrealist materialism, this paper intends to signal some of the normative problems introduced, firstly, by the sovereignty of the subject’s self-fiction; and, secondly, by the anthropomorphization of high-tech robotics.
Optimized Combination of Strength and Electrical Conductivity of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Processed by ECAP with Two-Step Temperature
Authors: Zhao Nannan , Ban Chunyan , Wang Hongfei , Cui Jianzhong
Published: April 2020

The mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of 6063 aluminum alloy subjected to equal-channel angular press (ECAP) at room temperature (RT), 200 °C, and two-step temperature schedule (TST) have been investigated in this study. The TST refers to one pass at 200 °C followed by further successive pressing at RT. It is shown that this method is effective in obtaining the combination of high strength and electrical conductivity. After two passes, the higher strength can be achieved in TST condition (328 MPa yield strength and 331 MPa ultimate tensile strength), where the changing parameter is processing temperature from the first pass at 200 °C to the second pass at RT, as compared to two passes in RT condition (241 MPa yield strength and 250 MPa ultimate tensile strength) and two passes in 200 °C condition (239 MPa yield strength and 258 MPa ultimate tensile strength). This performance could be associated with grain refinement and nanosized precipitates in TST condition. Moreover, in contrast to RT condition, a higher electrical conductivity was observed in TST condition. It reveals that high strength and electrical conductivity of 6063 aluminum alloy can be obtained simultaneously by ECAP processing in TST condition because of ultrafine-grained microstructure and nanosized precipitates.
Retrieval Analysis of Modern Knee Tumor Megaendoprosthesis Shows Considerable Volumetric Metal Wear Generated at the Rotating Hinge
Authors: Bormann Therese , Jäger Sebastian , Kretzer J. Philippe , Nebel Laura , Clarius Lucas , Omlor Georg , Bitsch Rudi , Lehner Burkhard
Published: April 2020

Frequently occurring damage, as well as elevated blood metal ion levels, are reported in relation to a tumor and revision system for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which applies a rotating hinge coupling with a metal-on-metal (MoM) articulation. As the patient collective for this specific system is small, there is no data on wear generated from the couplings. In this study, wear volume and influencing parameters were investigated at 44 retrieved TKAs with MoM couplings. A scoring system rating frequently occurring abrasive wear between 0 (no wear) and 3 (distinct wear) was established. The wear score was correlated to time in vivo, bone resection length, patient weight and polyethylene inlay damage. Volumetric wear was estimated applying coordinate measurements. An elevated wear score of two or higher was found in 43% of cases. The mean wear rate accounted to 7.8 mm3/year. The main influencing coefficient for the extent of wear is time in vivo. We found a tendency for higher wear scores with higher inlay degradation scores. Patient weight and bone resection length did not impact coupling wear. Assessment of wear damage by a semi-quantitative scoring system has proven to be a reliable option for non-destructive coupling evaluation. The generated wear volume is high.
Implementation of the Obturator Nerve Block into a Supra-Inguinal Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Based Analgesia Protocol for Hip Arthroscopy: Retrospective Pre-Post Study
Authors: Lee Seounghun , Hwang Jung-Mo , Lee Sangmin , Eom Hongsik , Oh Chahyun , Chung Woosuk , Ko Young-Kwon , Lee Wonhyung , Hong Boohwi , Hwang Deuk-Soo
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: The effect of supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SI-FICB) in hip arthroscopy is not apparent. It is also controversial whether SI-FICB can block the obturator nerve, which may affect postoperative analgesia after hip arthroscopy. We compared analgesic effects before and after the implementation of obturator nerve block into SI-FICB for hip arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 90 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroscopy from January 2017 to August 2019. Since August 2018, the analgesic protocol was changed from SI-FICB to SI-FICB with obturator nerve block. According to the analgesic regimen, patients were categorized as group N (no blockade), group F (SI-FICB only), and group FO (SI-FICB with obturator nerve block). Primary outcome was the cumulative opioid consumption at 24 hours after surgery. Additionally, cumulative opioid consumption at 6 and 12 hours after surgery, pain score, additional analgesic requests, intraoperative opioid consumption and hemodynamic stability, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: Among 87 patients, there were 47 patients in group N, 21 in group F, and 19 in group FO. The cumulative opioid (fentanyl) consumption at 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the group FO compared with the group N (N: 678.5 (444.0–890.0) µg; FO: 482.8 (305.8–635.0) µg; p = 0.014), whereas the group F did not show a significant difference (F: 636.0 (426.8–803.0) µg). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that implementing obturator nerve block into SI-FICB can reduce postoperative opioid consumption in hip arthroscopy.
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Review of Etiopathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Genetic Aspects
Authors: Harsanyi Stefan , Zamborsky Radoslav , Krajciova Lubica , Kokavec Milan , Danisovic Lubos
Published: April 2020

As one of the most frequent skeletal anomalies, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is characterized by a considerable range of pathology, from minor laxity of ligaments in the hip joint to complete luxation. Multifactorial etiology, of which the candidate genes have been studied the most, poses a challenge in understanding this disorder. Candidate gene association studies (CGASs) along with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and genome-wide linkage analyses (GWLAs) have found numerous genes and loci with susceptible DDH association. Studies put major importance on candidate genes associated with the formation of connective tissue (COL1A1), osteogenesis (PAPPA2, GDF5), chondrogenesis (UQCC1, ASPN) and cell growth, proliferation and differentiation (TGFB1). Recent studies show that epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation affect gene expression and therefore could play an important role in DDH pathogenesis. This paper reviews all existing risk factors affecting DDH incidence, along with candidate genes associated with genetic or epigenetic etiology of DDH in various studies.
Early Radiation-Induced Sarcoma in an Adolescent Treated for Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma with Nivolumab
Authors: Šalaševičius Lukas , Vaitkevičienė Goda Elizabeta , Pasaulienė Ramunė , Kiudelienė Rosita , Ivanauskaitė-Didžiokienė Ernesta , Vajauskas Donatas , Jurkienė Nemira , Rascon Jelena
Published: April 2020

Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) has been reported as a late secondary malignancy following radiotherapy for various types of cancer with a median latency of 10 years. We describe an early RIS that developed in an adolescent within three years of treatment (including PD-L1 check-point inhibitor Nivolumab) of a relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and was diagnosed post-mortem. The patient died of the progressive RIS that was misleadingly assumed to be a resistant HL based on the positive PET/CT scan. Repetitive tumor biopsies are warranted in cases of aggressive and multi-drug resistant HL to validate imaging findings, ensure correct diagnosis and avoid overtreatment.
Multibody System-Based Adaptive Formation Scheme for Multiple Under-Actuated AUVs
Authors: Huang Hai , Tang Qirong , Zhang Guocheng , Zhang Tiedong , Wan Lei , Pang Yongjie
Published: April 2020

Underwater vehicles’ coordination and formation have attracted increasing attention since they have great potential for real-world applications. However, such vehicles are usually under-actuated and with very limited communication capabilities. On the basis of the multibody system concept, a multiple autonomous underwater vehicle formation and communication link framework has been established with an adaptive and radial basis function (RBF) strategy. For acoustic communication, a packets transmission scheme with topology and protocol has been investigated on the basis of an acoustic communication framework and transmission model. Moreover, the cooperative localization errors caused by packet loss are estimated through reinforcement learning radial basis function neural networks. Furthermore, in order to realize formation cruising, an adaptive RBF formation scheme with magnitude reduced multi-layered potential energy functions has been designed on the basis of a time-delayed network framework. Finally, simulations and experiments have been extensively performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Investigating South Africa’s Fresh Peach and Nectarine Value Proposition: Measuring Progress on Achieving Sustainable Consumption in Exports
Authors: Tsvakirai Chiedza Zvirurami , Mosikari Teboho Jeremiah
Published: April 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have shone a spotlight on the importance of adaption to climate change. However, progress in achieving SDG 12 which calls for, “responsible consumption and production” has been stalled by the unavailability of indicators that adequately capture and motivate increased responsible consumption. To fill this gap, this article presents an alternative indicator that makes use of cultivar characteristics and uses South African fresh peach and nectarine exports as a focus area. Principal component analysis is used to extract and summarize the product value propositions identified in composite indices that were constructed by weighting the proportional use of cultivars in exports between 1956 and 2017. The indices acquired from the analysis were found to measure the provisions for sustainable consumption, good-quality fruit and off-peak fruit supply. The study’s results show that progress was found in the provisions for sustainable consumption and this was mainly driven by improvements in cultivars’ climate change adaptability. However, the last two decades have been characterized by years of successive lower readings on this index. Improvements in fruit quality index were found to be attained at the expense of farm enterprise productivity. The study concludes that strategies be developed to encourage the use of cultivars that promote responsible consumption as, if left uninfluenced, market forces will spur unsustainable production.
Exploring Tradeoffs in Merged Pipeline Infrastructure for Carbon Dioxide Integration Networks
Authors: Alnouri Sabla Y. , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia M.
Published: April 2020

Carbon integration aims to identify appropriate CO2 capture, allocation, and utilization options, given a number of emission sources and sinks. Numerous CO2-using processes capture and convert emitted CO2 streams into more useful forms. The transportation of captured CO2, which poses a major design challenge, especially across short distances. This paper investigates new CO2 transportation design aspects by introducing pipeline merging techniques into carbon integration network design. For this, several tradeoffs, mainly between compression and pipeline costs, for merged pipeline infrastructure scenarios have been studied. A modified model is introduced and applied in this work. It is found that savings on pipeline costs are greatly affected by compression/pumping levels. A case study using two different pipe merging techniques was applied and tested. Backward branching was reported to yield more cost savings in the resulting carbon network infrastructure. Moreover, both the source and sink pressures were found to greatly impact the overall cost of the carbon integration network attained via merged infrastructure. It was found that compression costs consistently decreased with increasing source pressure, unlike the pumping and pipeline costs.