bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: M. A. Garga , S. B. Manga , A.B. Rabah , H. Tahir , M. Abdullahi , M. Ahmad , H. A. Abdullahi , I. Bako , S. A. Abdurrahman , U. F. Mukhtar
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and identify the phytochemical constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. The samples were collected from the premises of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Seeds and Leaves were collected fresh. They were extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate. Various concentrations from 100mg/ml to 500mg/ml were prepared. The test bacteria used is Staphylococcus aureus obtained from Microbiology laboratory of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University. The bacteria were re-identified using biochemical tests. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zone of inhibition were read after 24 hours of incubation at 370C.The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the methanolic leaves extracts at 500 mg/ml had effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 20mm. The methanolic seed extract have effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 19.5mm. The MIC for the leave and seed extracts for Staphylococcus aureus was 250mg/ml. The MBC was 500mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, and glycosides but anthraquinone and steroids were absent in the extracts. The zones of inhibition showed that both the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 500mg/ml were active to all the tested bacteria. ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Mean Range test was used to analyze the data. Based on Duncan’s grouping, there is significant difference between the solvents and the concentrations used.
The Irony Approach in the Qur'an: Mustansir Mir's Perspective
Authors: Azam Azam
Published: June 2020

In the Qur’an interpretation, the irony approach is hardly ever used by commentators. Muntasir Mir is one of the commentators who used the irony approach in analyzing the. This paper then aims to explain Mir’s thoughts in his article entitled “Irony in the Qur’an: a Study of the Story of Joseph. “In this article,heinterpreted the Qur’an by using the irony approach thatintroduced a new discourse to interpret the Qur’an for Muslims. Besides, Miraims to showthat theunderstanding of the Qur’an is not only stagnant in theological understanding. He invites Muslims to possess the beauty of literature contained in the Qur’an. Furthermore, Mir tried to illustrate the irony in the story of the Prophet Joseph. He described irony as an event beyond logic since it is a message fromGod. The Irony of the Prophet Joseph is a representation of humans’ lousy plan that Allah changed to be good. It described the ambitious efforts of his brothers to destroy him by sending him to a well, but conversely, it took him to the peak of fame and power. And all the efforts to alienate the Prophet Joseph finally comes at His mercy
ANALISA KURVA PDD DAN PROFILE DOSE BERKAS ELEKTRON PESAWAT LINAC VARIAN CLINAC CX
Authors: Hasanah Huswatun , Qomariyah Nurul , Makmur I Wayan Ari , Subroto Rinarto , Wirawan Rahadi
Published: June 2020

Linac (linear Accelerator) is a radiotherapy device that utilizes radiation to kill cancer cells. Every radioterap equipment such as Linac aircraft must be calibrated periodically. One of them is monthly quality control which aims to test the performance of Linac so that the quality of the output of the radiation beam can be guaranteed. Quality control conducted is the measurement of Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) and Profile Dose. In PDD measurements, the Linac Variant Clinac CX electron beam (4, 6, 9, 12, and 15) MeV planes are used with a radiation field of 15 × 15 cm2. While the profile dose is measured in the radiation field 10 × 10 cm2 and 25 × 25 cm2 and using blue phantom, (referenc and field) detectors are equipped with computer control units (CCU) and carried out for crossline and inline directions at Dmax depth and certain depth with SSD 100 cm. The measurement results show the greater the electron energy used, the maximum dose (Dmax) obtained is getting smaller, conversely the greater the electron energy used, the greater the depth for the maximum dose. And the measurement results still meet the tolerance measurement that is ± 0.2. While the results of the Dose Profile measurements show a field area of 25 × 25 cm2 more flatness and symmetry than a 10 × 10 cm2 field area both inline and crosline directions and still meet measurement tolerances of ± 4.5% - ± 7% for flatness and ± 2 % for symmetry.
IDENTIFIKASI ORIENTASI REKAHAN MIKRO AREA PANAS BUMI MONTE AMIATA BERDASARKAN ANALISIS STUDI SHEAR WAVE SPLITTING
Authors: Hanif Irfan - , Zaenudin Ahmad , Haerudin Nandi , Wibowo Rahmat C
Published: June 2020

Shear Wave Splitting is an application of seismic wave to analyse the anisotropy level of a certain medium. Generally, shear wave propagation through a rock formation will be polarized (φ) into two parts especially when the medium structures are different, such as fracture. The polarized shear wave which is perpendicular to fracture will propagate slower than the wave that propagates parallel to the fracture. The delay time (δt) of both wave is proportional with the fracture intensity along the wave propagation from the source to the station. The description regarding fracture orientation can be obtained by analysing both Shear Wave Splitting parameters (φ and δt), and this information is adequately important in geothermal exploration or exploitation phase at Mt. Amiata. Based on the result of this research, the micro earthquake source is focused on the east to the south area and spread along 3 earthquake stations. The existence of micro earthquake source is mainly focused at the depth of 1 to 4 km. In addition, the polarization direction of each earthquake station at the geological map shows a dominant fracture orientation consistently at NW-SE. All of the three stations also show that the polarization direction is integrated to the local fault existence in the subsurface. Furthermore, the research shows that the high intensity fracture distribution occurred at MCIV station area in the southern part of research location. Meanwhile, the low intensity fracture distribution occurred at ARCI and SACS station area in the western and the eastern part of research location. The high value of fracture intensity accompanied by the high amount of structure intensity, strengthen the prediction of the high anisotropy existence which potentially tends to the high permeability presence at the area.Keywords: shear wave splitting, anisotropy, fracture, geothermal, polarization direction, fracture intensity.
Usaha Produksi Bibit Bawang Merah Melalui Peningkatan Ketahanan Tanaman Dari Serangan Hama Dan Infeksi Penyakit Di Desa Taman Ayu Lombok Barat
Authors: Ngawit I Ketut , Zubaidi Ahmad , Wangiyana Wayan , Suliartini Ni Wayan Sri
Published: June 2020

Due to the increasing use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, the prototype of the onion seed bulb known as the Ampenan Cultivar, its superiority has been declining from year to year. This phenomenon is characterized by the increasing size of the seed bulbs reaching 400-500 cloves kg-1 (while the size of normal seed tubers is 700-800 cloves kg-1), is less dense, has no breath, and grows less than 95%. Actions taken to overcome these problems are, training and direct field guidance through demonstration plots on efforts to increase the quantity and quality of onion seed tuber production by applying repeated clone selection techniques, optimal application of organic soil improvement materials and regulation of intercropping cropping patterns between shallots with peanut plants as an antidote to pest and disease infections. Based on the evaluation of all activities, the results obtained from the implementation of this program are: The target farmers attending the training and demonstration plot implementation were very enthusiastic. The appropriate technology that was introduced can be well received because it gives higher results and benefits compared to conventional businesses that have been undertaken so far. More benefits are gained by applying this integrated ecological farming model because, very little is needed for fertilizers and pesticides, weeding is easier, irrigation is efficient and farmers get additional products from peanut products. Besides being able to provide added value economically, agronomically the legume crop is very beneficial because it can protect plants from pest, weeds and diseases and restore soil fertility for sustainable farming.
Optimalisasi Produktivitas Lahan Sempit di Desa Sigerongan Lingsar Lombok Barat melalui Penerapan Tumpangsari Sayuran Okra dan Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah
Authors: Hemon A. Farid , Sumarjan Sumarjan , Listiana Baiq Erna
Published: June 2020

This extension activity aimed to help Farmer Group partner of the "Sumber Hidup" in Sigerongan Village to increased the productivity of narrow land through the application of intercropping technology between okra crop and peanut genotypes. The program that implemented were the application of science and technology with stages of activities, namely: 1) dissemination activities "optimization of productivity of narrow land through the application of intercropping okra and peanuts and the application of technology to increased production of okra and peanut”. This activity was carried out with a lecture and discussion system between the Extension Team and the Farmer Group, and 2) plot demonstration program. Farmers directly participated in planing, planting, crop maintaining, comparing and evaluating whether the implemented program will benefit or not. The results of the activity showed that the farmers participating in the extension were very responsive to the dissemination of intercropping okra-peanut. This was reflected in the participants' enthusiasm in asking questions and having discussions between participants with Team. In addition, participants were also active in participating in each stage of activities such as selecting seed quality, making demonstration plots, planting, growing, weeding, controlling pests and diseases, and harvesting activities. The transformation process of the okra-peanut intercropping technology in the narrow land of Sigerongan Village has implemented,   with the hope that farmers will be able to take advantage the narrow land by planting intercropping. Cultivation of okra-peanut intercropping was more productive with an LER value of 2.28 compared to peanut monoculture and 1.35 compared to okra monoculture
Karakterisasi Buah Mangga Berdasarkan Nilai Dielektrik Menggunakan Teknik Double-Ring Resonator
Authors: Ariessaputra Suthami , Muvianto Cahyo Mustiko , Yuniarto Kurniawan , Sasongko Sudi Mariyanto Al , Ch Syafaruddin
Published: June 2020

Mango is one of the agricultural products in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The quality of post-harvest mangoes also needs to be known so that the quality produced can be maintained. Fruit quality in the tropics can be seen from the respiration rate, hardness, weight loss, total soluble content (TSC), discoloration and acid content. In addition, the quality of post-harvest mangoes can also be detected using sensors that emit microwaves with a certain value. This technique is non-destructive so it does not damage the object used. Double-ring resonators are used as sensors to detect the characteristics of mangoes. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is used as a tool to produce S11 and S21 skatering values, then the skatering values are processed into dielectric values. The test was carried out on the type of Gincong Gincu Mango which was divided into 4 categories, namely ripe mango on the tree, very ripe, thick and raw. Double ring resonator sensor can detect and distinguish the maturity level of mangoes based on the value of S21 in the frequency range of 0.39 to 0.49 GHz. In that frequency range, the average gain value of ripe on tree is -21.4 dB, over ripe is -22.8 dB, early ripe is -25.4 dB and unrip mango is -33.4 dB. While the characterization of mangoes using impedance values can be seen in the frequency range of 0.41 - 0.47 GHz. The average impedance value of ripe on tree is about 0.073, over ripe is about 0.067, early ripe is about 0.057 and unripe mangos is about 0.032
Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol Ganoderma sp. Asal Pulau Lombok
Authors: Oktaviani Adelina , Muspiah Aida , Faturrahman Faturrahman
Published: June 2020

The use of antibiotics that are not according to the rules and antibiotics in the long term can cause resistance to bacteria. This study aims to determine the presence of antibacterial activity and the effect of increasing the concentration of ethanol extract of Ganoderma sp. against several test bacteria. Extract from Ganoderma sp. obtained by maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with ciprofloxacin as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition formed around the well. The results of the antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract Ganoderma sp. has greater inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory activity of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma sp. on the growth of test bacteria increased with increasing concentration of the extract
PROCEDURE FOR FORMING AND IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Malinoshevska Kateryna
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the article shows that formulating a strategy is an important and necessary process because it helps to unite the efforts of many people and, through their coordinated work, achieve the set purposes: how to achieve the goals, what to do and how to direct the efforts of the company and its individual employees determines the strategy of the company. The problems that organizations face and how they can be solved are highly relevant in today's economy. Methodology. A scientific approach to solving problematic issues allows us to model possible situations and avoid negative consequences due to the wrong strategic policy of the organization. The main purpose of this article is to identify methodological approaches to the evaluation of the characteristics, properties of the enterprise development strategy and the introduction of classification strategies based on the performance indicators of enterprises that characterize the effectiveness of their functioning in the market. Results. Changing the environment in which an enterprise operates in a market economy forces the company to adapt to new conditions, that is, to formulate its strategy. Increasing the intensity of production, the maximum use of financial and labor resources, determine the need for new methods and approaches, that is, the strategy of enterprise development. In a competitive market, it is impossible to be successful by providing low-quality services or offering low-quality goods. Before developing business management processes, a functional strategy must be developed. Practical implications. Strategies at any level usually do not have resources or the ability to use resources in such a way as to ensure complete confidence in success. As a result, the final and important criterion is the risk assessment of less than the achievement of strategic goals. Acceptance of unavoidable risks is part of the work of strategists in the modern world, and the ability to clearly articulate the nature and extent of risk is the first step in reducing its impact. If the risk is defined as unacceptable, it is necessary to revise the tasks, changes in concepts, increase resources, or some complex of these actions. Improvement of the regulatory framework of strategic planning should include mechanisms, a number of regulatory documents and bills, the adoption of which will be carried out by the scientific and technological development of enterprises. The proposed specification of factors that influence the choice of strategy, the comparative characteristics of management systems, the proposed ways to increase the set of decision-making rules will help determine the main areas of activity of the enterprise.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF DYNAMIC COMMUNICATIONS IN A COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM FOR MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES
Authors: Buzun Oleh
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the article is to substantiate approaches to the principles of improving dynamic communication in a complementary system of development management of self-governing territory (SGT). Problem statement (the description of the problem being analyzed in general and its relevance to important scientific or practical tasks). At the present stage of socio-economic and decentralization reforms in Ukraine, the formation of the effective development models of all SGTs (on regional, sub-regional and local levels) becomes a strategic and priority task of all institutions of power. At the same time, the issues of optimization of the complementary management system for the development of SGTs have not yet been the subject of special research, which necessitates the preparation of this publication. The methodological principles of the complex mechanism of the formation of a new model of SGTs development are offered on the basis of providing cooperation in the processes of integrated development. It is stated that our model of SGT is a coherent system, which correlates governance at the state, regional, sub-regional and local levels through different types of connections. The content of each type of connection at different levels of public administration is revealed. The results of the research prove that the effective functioning of the proposed model is possible under the condition of management relations improvement; the observance of the development process properties and the coordination of the subjects of influence in the process of prospect formation of the SGT. Practical implications are that co-operation and an integrated approach in the development of SGTs in Ukraine will allow to save industrial and social infrastructure, to prevent outflow of highly qualified personnel from the communities, will provide comprehensive support to the domestic producer and social protection of the population. Co-operation is able to provide an impetus for the development of small businesses and enterprises, and to improve the well-being of the individual family and the entire community in general. The research has its value and originality. It is that SGTs should be dominant in the Ukrainian reform. The issue of scientific and methodological substantiation and building of an effective system of development of self-governing communities on the basis of solving the problematic issues of modernization acceleration, the activation of innovations, the ensuring of cooperation and the integrated development is extremely urgent and determines the priority for improvement of the current management system.
WAGE PAYMENTS IN THE WORLD
Authors: Mashevska Anzhelika
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze earnings in different countries of the world. The wages of the population of different countries are analyzed: the USA, Canada, the former Soviet Union countries, the rating of 30 states-leaders on average salary (gross) is made. It is proved that, in addition to national statistical institutions, international organizations are also engaged in the compilation of wage ratings. Their statistical surveys are highly reliable: when calculating the average wage, salaries of employees are taken into account, emphasizing their qualifications and work experience, without taking into account businesspersons, private or individual entrepreneurs, pensioners, assisted persons and others. Method. According to the ratings, the list of the most sought after and highly profitable professions is constantly changing. The labor market is out of place, and before the prestigious specialties cease to be relevant, and their place is occupied by new ones, the demand of representatives of a profession also depends on the region. What has become of further development is that in recent years many popular and unusual professions have appeared in the countries of the Far East: Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and others. For example, many Ukrainian citizens teach English as a "native" language in China. It is important for the Chinese that the teacher be European, and the demand for language courses is enormous (especially in the province). Results. For those citizens who have pronounced Caucasian features, they have blond hair, fair complexion, and eyes that are beautiful and young, with even greater opportunities to earn money, the trend for the European appearance in China, Korea and Japan is huge. Value/originality. According to the analysis of the countries with the highest average salary level, 20 positions belong to the European countries, 2 are from America and Oceania and 6 are Asian. The important products and services can have a serious impact on cost of living, with 100 USD being of different weight in Japan and in Ukraine. Therefore, the inflationary processes that enter the economy significantly affect the level of wages of people, which in turn affects the standard of living of the population.
Diploma Mills
Authors: KANMODİ Kehinde
Published: June 2020

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Optimization and Utilization of Tofu Waste by Using Separator Machine Technology to Increase the Income of Home Industries and Create Environment-Friendly Industries Through Diversification of Various Foods Processing
Authors: Mufarida Nely Ana , Probowulan Diyah
Published: June 2020

Tofu industry is one of the big producers of waste because the waste reachs 25-35% of tofu product. TheLack of public awarness about the tofu waste resulted unused waste, even they throw away the tofu waste withoutknowing the high nutrition contained in the tofu waste. Cooperation between UD. The final target to be achieved is toform a business unit for various processed foods using a separator machine in the sanding of tofu waste with soy milkextract, as well as marketing management with the help of information technology (social media). The basiccontribution to the target is that housewives get new knowledge and skills about diversifying various processed tofuwaste products and getting more benefit. In addition, housewives will get income from creative economic activitiesfor the sake of moving the economic wheel that increases directly for the community, especially families.
Kualitas Produk, Harga Terhadap Loyalitas Dan Kepuasan Konsumen Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pengguna Tokopedia Di Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Rosyihuddin Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Purpose - to find out the extent of satisfaction and the level of loyalty of consumers who have shopped at Tokopedia. Design / Methodology / Approach - In this study, there are two factors that become indifferent for researchers to make reference to independent variables, namely product quality and price. The location of research in Gresik Regency,  the  number  of  respondents  numbered 100 respondents using purposive sampling method with the provisions of respondents who have made repeated purchases at Tokopedia. The results of this study were analyzed by path analysis and must go through instrument testing, classical assumptions, and then proof of the research hypothesis. Results and Discussion - Based on the results of research that product quality and price have a direct effect on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction, product quality and price have a direct effect on loyalty to Tokopedia users in Gresik Regency. While product quality and price have an indirect effect on loyalty through consumer satisfaction of Tokopedia users in Gresik Regency. These results prove that product quality has a smaller coefficient on satisfaction and loyalty than the price variable. Consumer satisfaction and loyalty have a significant effect compared to other variables. Testing the path analysis proves that product quality and price affect indirectly on loyalty through satisfaction, but based on the findings the coefficient value of total product quality is smaller than the price variable. Conclusion - Based on the results of the study prove that all hypotheses can be accepted (product quality, price, product quality directly and indirectly affect customer satisfaction and loyalty). Research Implications - it is hoped that the results of this study can add insight to businesses in the field of online business, to pay attention to the quality of products, prices, to foster customer loyalty and satisfaction.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan Pada Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia (UISI)
Authors: Fanani Moh. Naufal , Ilmawan Mirza Dwinanda , Wardhana Aditya Narendra
Published: June 2020

Background/ Purpose - To find out what factors influence employee performance at Semen Indonesia International University (UISI). Design / Methodology / Approach - This research is quantitative research. The sample in this study were UISI employees and lecturers who had structural positions at UISI where only lecturers were not used as respondents. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling and obtained a sample of 79 respondents. The data analysis of this study used multiple linear regression analysis using the assistance of the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program as if the statistical data. Results and Discussion - The results of this study found that instrument testing, classic assumption tests, t tests, coefficient of determination (R2) and multiple linear regression analysis on the compensation variable hypothesis, work environment, organizational culture, leadership, motivation and job satisfaction showed no significant influence on employee performance so the hypothesis is rejected. While the variable work discipline shows a significant effect on employee performance. Conclusion - Based on the results of the study prove that all hypotheses are acceptable (compensation, work environment, organizational culture, leadership, motivation and job satisfaction have no significant effect on employee performance. While work discipline variables have a significant effect on employee performance). Research Implications - It is expected that the results of this study can add insight related to improving employee performance to pay attention to aspects of work discipline.
Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Komitmen
Authors: Liana Yuyuk
Published: June 2020

Background - Human resources are an important factor in an organization and must be of good quality, that is to have a competent spirit and also perform well. The existing commitment in employees towards the organization is an important instrument for improving employee performance. Organizational culture is a need to be developed in an organization with the aim to be able to overcome all problems that arise. Organizational culture can be said to be good when it can be proven by looking at employee turnover Aim - This study aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of organizational culture variables, organizational commitment and employee performance. Design / methodology / approach – This research belongs to exploratory field research to explain the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance. The number of respondents involved was 100 respondents, all of whom were employees at the One Stop Integrated Capital and Service Office in East Kalimantan. Research instruments using questionnaires, research analysis using path analysis. Finding – The results prove all paths in this path analysis are significant. Employees in the organization need an understanding of the culture in the organization so that performance increases while there is also an element of commitment that is a variable between the organizational culture and employee performance. Research Implication – In this study has the implication of providing direction for organizational behavior research by taking into account organizational factors and other individual factors that can improve employee performance in the organization. besides that, in subsequent studies can add the variable job satisfaction, motivation. Limitation – The limitation that can affect the results of this study is to use a questionnaire so that the possibility of researchers less anticipating respondents who just answered
FINTECHS: NOVOS ATORES DAS FINANÇAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS – UM OLHAR GEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Videira Sandra Lúcia
Published: June 2020

A questão da financeirização da sociedade por meio da disseminação das Fintechs demonstra mudanças na estrutura do setor bancário e financeiro no país. Assim, esta pesquisa pretende compreender a disseminação das Fintechs no Brasil enquanto componente da mundialização do capital. Diante disso, espera-se contribuir para a Geografia Financeira e permitir um maior conhecimento sobre a expansão das Fintechs no Brasil.
GAZÂLÎ’NİN NASÎHATÜ’L-MÜLÛK ADLI ESERİNDE SİYASETÜ’Ş-ŞERİYYE ESASLARI
Authors: OKUR Hüseyin
Published: June 2020

İslam hukukunda bir yazım geleneği olarak siyâsetnâmeler ve bunun bir alt türü olarak nasihatnameler, İslam kamu hukukunun yapısını ve işleyişini, devlet başkanının, yardımcısının ve diğer görevli memurların görevlerini, kanunlar karşısındaki rol ve konumunu, yasama, yürütme ve yargı erklerinin kimlerden oluştuğunu bildiren, yargılamanın nasıl yapılacağını, idare hukukuna dair devlet teşkilatının idaresini ve devletler umumi hukukuna ait devletle diğer devletler ve devletin kendi fertleri arasındaki hukuksal işlemleri konu edinen metinlerdir. Ancak ilk dönemlerde yazılan siyâsetnâme ve nasihatnamelerde bütün bu hususlara dair verileri topluca bir arada görmek mümkün olmamıştır. Gazâlî’nin, zamanın Selçuklu sultanına yazmış olduğu bu nasihatname de, bir siyâsetnâme türü olarak mezkûr konuları kısmî olarak içermesi açısından önemlidir. Çalışmamızda, Gazâlî’nin kısa ismiyle Nasîhatü’l-Mülûk olarak bilinen eserinde ele aldığı şerî siyaset esasları incelenecektir.
MUʽTEZİLE’DE ÇOCUKLARIN DİNÎ KONUMU
Authors: BAYRAM İbrahim
Published: June 2020

Temel İslam bilimlerinde farklı boyutlarıyla ele alınan çocuk konusu, kelâm alanında da inceleme konusu edilmiş, bu hususta onların teklife muhatap oldukları zaman dilimi, dünyada karşılaştıkları sıkıntıların durumu ve ahiretteki konumları değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu mesele etrafında adalet ilkesine bağlı olarak görüş bildiren Muʽtezile, buluğ şartı aramadan onların akıllarının kemale ermesini teklif için yeterli görmüş, masumiyetlerine karşı dünyada çektikleri acıları ise ahirette alacakları bedel ve/veya diğer insanlara ibret aracı olmaları üzerinden izah etmiştir. Sorumluluk çağına gelmemiş ferdin azaba uğratılmasının zulüm olacağını düşünen fırka, bu bağlamda çocukların ahirette cehenneme gitmeyeceklerini savunmuş, bu konuda mümin yahut müşrik çocuğu ayrımı yapmamıştır. Ancak sorumluluk çağının buluğdan önceki temyiz dönemiyle başlayabileceği görüşünü savunmaları Mu‘tezilî alimleri çocukların azaba uğratılmayacağı şeklindeki düşüncelerinin bir yönüyle daha katı bir hale bürünmesine/dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. Kimi Muʽtezile kelamcılarının farklı yaklaşımlar da sergiledikleri bu konuda ortaya atılan hiçbir görüş eleştiriden kurtulamamış, bu manada onların başka mezheplerin görüşlerine yaptıkları tenkitlerin bir benzeri kendi fikirlerine karşı da yöneltilmiştir.
ABDURRAHMAN B. EBÎ BEKİR’İN HAYATI VE ERKEN DÖNEM İSLAM TARİHİNDEKİ FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: TEMİR Hakan
Published: June 2020

Abdurrahman b. Ebî Bekir, Hz. Peygamber’in en yakın arkadaşı, kayınpederi ve ilk Müslümânlardan Hz. Ebû Bekir’in oğludur. Ebû Bekir hanesinin en büyük erkek evladı olarak da bilinen Abdurrahman, Mekke’de doğdu ve Kureyş içerisinde şerefli kabul edilen bir ailede büyümesi sebebiyle iyi bir aile terbiyesinden geçti. İslâm dini yayılmaya başladığında Abdurrahman atalarının dini üzere kaldı ve Mekke döneminin sonuna kadar inancını değiştirmedi. Medine döneminin ilk zamanlarında da müşriklerle bir olmaya devam edip, Bedir Savaşı’na müşriklerle birlikte katıldı. İslâm’a girmekte uzun süre direnen Abdurrahman, Hudeybiye antlaşmasından sonra Müslümân oldu. İslâm’a geç girmiş olsa da yaptıklarıyla dikkatleri üzerine çekmeyi başardı. Özellikle Hulefâ-i Raşidîn ve Emevîler döneminde önemli meselelerde yer alarak tarihî bir kimlik kazandı. Aslında o, uzun süre müşriklerin safında bulunduktan sonra İslâm’a girmesi, Ebû Bekir ailesinin bir ferdi olması ve siyasî meselelerde yer almasıyla çok yönlü bir kişiliğe sahiptir. Bu yüzden onun hayatının aydınlatılması bazı olayların arka planının daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır.
The paranormal
Authors: Tidelius Cristoffer
Published: June 2020

In this article, I explore previous conceptualizations of ‘the paranormal’ within religious studies and the social sciences. Introducing some statistics on paranormal variables in Western populations, I argue that the empirical data make a strong case for future studies of paranormal variables, as well as warranting conceptual clarification. Sketching an outline of previous conceptualizations of ‘the paranormal’, I conclude that definitions tend to stress that purportedly paranormal phenomena transgress the boundaries of scientific explanation, as well as demonstrate a degree of tension towards both mainstream or institutionalized science and religion. Lastly, I present the main contribution of the article: an attempt at a new working definition of the term ‘the paranormal’ based on the conceptualizations reviewed, encompassing substantial and discursive components and, possibly, functional ones.
Conceptualising magic in 1950s Germany
Authors: Hannemann Tilman
Published: June 2020

In an effort to explore the gap between pre-war occultism and the New Age movement, this article examines the public areas of stage magic, folklore magic, and handbook magic between 1947 and 1960. It firstly investigates possible connections between stage performance and the implicit character of religious beliefs and combines these observations with the notion of magic in the field of parapsychology. Then the latter approach is put into the context of mental health discourse, scientific culture, and the metaphysics of nature. The field of handbook magic, finally, relates to public debates about rationality and superstition as an attempt to popularise and legitimise knowledge and techniques of twentieth-century ‘high magic’.
TAFSIR AYAT AL QUR’AN TENTANG QALB (Kajian Tafsir Maudhu’i)
Authors: Mumtahanah Nurotun
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The study is about Maudhui's interpretation of the Qur'anic verses relating to the so-called qolb. In various references, qolb means heart and in various languages: heart (English), herz (Germ), Coeur (Franc), Corazon (Spanish), Cuore (Italian), hart (Dutch), serce (Polish) , inima (Rome), dil (Urdu), hreday (Indian), xin (Chinese), maeum (Korean), قَلْبٌ (Arabic). Imam Al-Ghazali believes that the heart is from two aspects, namely the physical and spiritual aspect. The physical heart is the one that is shaped like a banana blossom which is located in the left side of the chest. While the spiritual one is subtle (latif), rabbani, and spiritual that is related to the physical heart. Sufis often call the heart with the following names: (1) baitul-hikmah, which is the heart that wins and produces sincerity; (2) baitul-muqaddas, i.e. outwardly heart that is to do with other people; (3) baitul-muharram, which is a perfect human heart specifically intended to know and love God; (4) baitul-izzah, the heart that arrives at in a mortal condition' (eliminating bad qualities and the effects of cruelty) for solely the sake of Allah; and (5) al-falaq al-mubin, which is the peak level consisting of the human heart. M. Quraish Shihab argues that the heart is part of the nafs, a kind of contact within the nafs, while the nafs itself is the inner side of man. It can also be emphasized that what the scholars agreed is that the heart is not a liver because the organ is known in Arabic with a 'kabid'.Keywords: Qur'anic exegesis, qolb
MENGUCAPKAN SALAM KEPADA NON MUSLIM (Analisis Teksal-Qur’an Hadits, Asbabul Wurud dan Implikasi Hukum)
Authors: Fahruddin Ahmad Hanif
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This research is aimed at knowing the Islamic law of greeting non-Muslims. This research is based on the questions of which texts of the Qur'an and the Hadith showing greetings to Muslims and non-Muslims, what views of Muslim scholars about saying greetings to Muslims and non-Muslims, and what the historicity, meaning and legal implications of hadith regarding the prohibition of greetings to non-Muslims. Through literature studies, it is found that in the Qur'an and the Hadith there are several texts showing about greetings to non-Muslims as in the QS. al-Furqon, 63; QS. an-Nisa', 86; and QS. an-Nur, 27; and in the Hadith of Bukhari number 6258 and number 6926 and the Hadith of Muslim number 2163. However, there are different views among Muslim scholars in understanding the texts of the Qur'an and the Hadith about the possibility of greeting non-Muslims. Firstly, some Muslim scholars who do not allow greetings to non-Muslims with the argument of the hadith narrated from Abu Hurairah ra. Secondly, some Muslim scholars among the Prophet's companions, Ibn Abbas allowed to say greetings to non-Muslims because seeing the context of the prohibition of saying greetings to non-Muslims is when non-Muslims fought against the Prophet and Muslims.Keywords: The Qur’an, Hadith, greetings, non-Muslims
IMPLEMENTASIBUDAYA RELIGIUS DALAMPERKEMBANGAN MORAL PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Manan Abdul , Aslamiyah Siti Suwaibatul
Published: June 2020

Abstract: Titled the implementation of culture religious to students moral development in MTs Tanwirul Qulub Sungelebak Karanggeneng Lamongan years lessons 2017 / 2018 aims to answer the question of how the application of religious culture in school impact the moral development in MTs. students Tanwirul Qulub Sungelebak. The implementation of tolerance attitude to the religious culture in schools it is incredibly important to be implemented.With in achieveing the goal of tolerance attitude to the religious culture will tertanamkan in the soul of a student to lose their indirect kind of way, as well as be an increase in the peace from us and the ketaqwaan students as well as strongly influenced the development of the act of moralizing school tuition. It is very relevant if we dock in the high number of a case that appear in the holy land, as as well as among students, they are promiscuous, immoral actions and ill treatment of an equality accompanied by murder case of not a few of the students cause reluctance of the doers.To express this researchers used qualitative research approach.In data collection, researchers used the interview, observation and documentation. And in data analysis, the use writers interaction which includes reduction interactive data, presentation of data and verification.The results of research obtained was first, form the implementation of culture religious in MTs. tanwirul qulub in the form of religious subjects additional namely Nahwu Shorof, Faraid, Ta’lim, Aswaja.And also be habituation of religious activities that is read the al-waqi’ah, read asmaul belong, prayer dhuha, read Tahlil together every day thursday.Second, the implementation of culture religious gives the effect on moral development school tuition.This is proven with a civility the school tuition and empathy high on teachers and others friend.Keywords: Implementation, Religious Culture, Moral Development
ANALISIS KRITIS HADITS TENTANG SIFAT MUKMIN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SIMULTAN DAN PERSPEKTIF MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Amrullah Moh. Bahru Roysadi
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This article is aimed at finding out and understanding the quality and the meaning of hadith with a simultaneous approach. This research raises the questions on what the hadith research method with a simultaneous approach is? and what the quality of the hadith about "two traits which are not present in a true believer, namely stingy and bad manner" in simultaneous research is? The Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri’s hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari in the da'if al-isnad by Muhammad Nasiruddin Al-Bani with the quality of da'if al-isnad. In the hadith there are 5 narrators, namely: Muslim, Abu Maghirah al-Salami, Malik bin Dinar, Abdullah bin Ghalib al-Khadari, and Abi Sa'id al-Khudri. Data about the hadith and the quality of the narrators is collected through a documentation method. The data is then analyzed using the content analysis method. In its partial analysis, it was found that: 1. Of all five narrators in the hadith there is only one, namely Abu Said al-Khudri with the quality of thiqah. 2. The sanad is included in the chapter mu'an'an leading to the so-called inqita’ul sanad. 3. The hadits matan was apparently not shad, for not being opposed to the naqli arguments, both the Qur'an and the hadits traditions of a higher quality of sanad. 4. Hadits matan is also not related to the illat, for not being opposed to the aqli arguments such as reason, common sense, history, and science. Thus the Abi Sa'id al-Khudri's hadith concluded by al-Bukhari is a qualified da'if fil isnad in partial research. 5. Based on the hadith tabi’ tsiqah, it is very rarely found that its quality is sahih al isnad because there were some not considered thiqah. So from the four hadits, its tabi' is not able to improve the quality of the mutaba’ hadith, namely the Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri's hadits narrated by Al-Bukhari. Thus it means that the tabi' hadits has not to do with the quality of the mutaba hadits, namely: da'if al-isnad. 6. Because it has 4 shahid hadits of good quality. So based on the research of the hadith on other multi sanad (syawahid), the quality of the hadith is regarded sahih li ghayrihi.Keywords: Hadits research, simultaneous approach
PEMIKIRAN AS-SUYUTHI DALAM BIDANG FIQH SYAFI’I TELAAH KITAB AL-ASYBAH WA AL-NAZHAIR
Authors: Mumtahanah Nurotun
Published: June 2020

Abstract, In the discourse of the Al-Syafi'I school of thought there is a monumental book talking about the principles of fiqhiyyah, namely Al-Asybah Wa Al-Nazhair Fi Qawaida Wa Furu'i Fiqhi Al-Syafi'iyyah by Abdurrahman bin Abu Bakar Al-Suyuthi (D. 911 H). The writing of Al-Asybah Wa Al-Nazhair is proof of the al-Suyuthi's skills in the field of fiqh and fiqhiyyah rules. Therefore, It needs to be studied further, in the context of more exploration and scientific development. For this reason, this study will focus on the background and the content of the Al-Asybah Wa Al-Nazhair with all the advantages and characteristics. In this study, it was found that the Al-Asybah Wa Al-Nazhair Fi Qawaida Wa Furu'i Fiqhi Al-Syafi'iyyah by Abdurrahman bin Abu Bakar Al-Suyuthi (W. 911 H) was written systematically in seven chapters, namely; 1). Five methods of jurisprudence that are often used as references in the subject of fiqh; 2). General methods used in dealing with partial problems; 3). The methods that are contrary to one another, without privileging one of the parties / opinions because it occurs in the scope of furu'iyah (not the principle problems); 4). The legal problems that are well known and widely heard and reprimands for fiqh experts who don't know it; 5). Some reviews in the (fiqh) chapter; 6). The chapter about syubhat and relating to it; 7). Some views about: a). Doing something that contains two contradictions; b). Doing something outside of time (specified); c). Some problems (mentioned in the syarh al- muhadzzab); d). (thirty) problems for which there is no reason not to know and has been arranged (by al-Suyuthi) into a nazhm (poetry).Keywords: Al-Asybah Wa Al-Nazhair, Al-Suyuthi, Shafi'i school of thought
STRATEGI KOPERASI SYARIAH DALAM MENARIK MINAT NASABAH
Authors: Wahyudi Imam
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find out how the efforts of syaria cooperatives in increasing the interest of customers in saving. Sharia Cooperatives are a financial services company that is developing so it requires sharia cooperative efforts to increase customer interest in saving. This research is a qualitative study using descriptive analytical methods. Qualitative research is the one in the form of words or not numbers, even if there are numbers they are in nature as a support. The results of this research are to find out: sharia cooperative's efforts in increasing customers' interest in saving, namely: The quality of services provided by syaria cooperatives is very good, the variety of products offered by syaria cooperatives, the marketing strategies of syaria cooperatives. The marketing strategies of sharia cooperatives include introducing products through non-bank financial institutions operating in the vicinity, such as UPK (Financial Management Unit) institutions in order to find out people who have surplus funds, collaborating with stakeholders such as the religious gathering formed in the working area of syaria cooperatives, youth organizations. The product socialization for government agencies, and educational institutions from kindergarten to high school level. In addition, giving bonuses to members of syaria cooperatives that have certain balances or so-called mudharabah deposit products.Keywords: Sharia cooperative, interest and savings
MANHAJ TAFSIR SUFYAN AL-THAWRY (Dari Madzhab, Muqorin sampai Tartib Ayat)
Authors: Ridho Muh. Makhrus Ali
Published: June 2020

Abstrak: The author of the book tafsir sufyan al-Thawry is Abū `Abdullāh Sufyān ibn Sa`īd ibnu Masrūq al-Thawry al-Kūfī and also called Abu‘ Abd Allah al-Thawry. The interpretation methodology tafsir sufyan al-Thawry in terms of sources of interpretation, interpretation of Sufyan al-Thawry is included in the category of bi al-ma'thur / bi al-manqul / bi al-riwayah, the source of interpretation is taken from the history of the companions of the Prophet. While in terms of the explanation, the method of interpretation Sufyan al-Thawry falls into the category of muqarin method. While in terms of the extent of the explanation, the interpretation of Sufyan al-Thawry belongs to the interpretation which uses the ijmali interpretation method. While in terms of the objectives and order of the interpreted verse, the interpretation of Sufyan al-Thawry falls into the category of interpretation using the tahlili method, because Imam Sufyan al-Thawry interprets the verse in accordance with the order of the Ottoman Manuscripts beginning with al-Fatihah until the letter an-Nass. Regarding al-ittijah / al-naz'ah or the tendency of Sufyan al-Thawry interpretation written by Imam Sufyan al-Thawry, the writer classifies this interpretation in the category of interpretation which has al-ittijah lughawi / adaby and fiqh.Keywords: Methodology, tafsir, sufyan al-Thawry