bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employee silence and burnout in India: the mediating role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Jain Ajay K. , Sullivan Sherry
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Although considerable research has been completed on employee voice, relatively few studies have investigated employee silence. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employee silence and job burnout as well as the possible mediating role of emotional intelligence (EI) on the silence-burnout relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reports the findings of an empirical study based upon the survey of 286 managers working in four different states in India. Correlational and mediated regression analyses were performed to test four hypotheses.

Findings

Contrary to findings from studies conducted in Western countries in which employee silence was positively related to undesirable work outcomes, in this study, employee silence was negatively related to job burnout. Additionally, results indicated that the relationship between employee silence and job burnout was mediated by EI. These findings suggest the importance of considering country context and potential mediating variables when investigating employee silence.

Practical implications

This study demonstrates how Indian employees may strategically choose employee silence in order to enhance job outcomes.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few efforts to investigate employee silence in a non-western country. This is first study that has examined the role of EI as a mediating variable of the relationship between employee silence and job burnout in India.
Genetics of a reintroduced swift fox population highlights the need for integrated conservation between neighbouring countries
Authors: Cullingham C. I. , Moehrenschlager A.
Published: April 2019

The genetic consequences of reintroductions are rarely considered after releases cease, but long‐term viability depends on linked demography and genetic health. Reintroductions of swift foxes Vulpes velox began after 45 years of extirpation from Canada; these have resulted in national down‐listing to ‘threatened’ status, and the re‐establishment of a small contiguous population in Montana, US. Demographic growth has been associated with stable levels of genetic diversity and growing effective population size, but evidence of two genetic clusters, and a recent decline in abundance could be cause for conservation concern depending on underlying mechanisms. We analysed individuals from two time points at 18 microsatellite loci to investigate whether the genetic structure is a consequence of having used two separate release sites and non‐equilibrium population dynamics, but our results suggest that the population is likely at mutation‐ and migration‐drift equilibrium. We examined habitat effects on relative gene flow and found limited evidence for cropland to be a dispersal barrier, but effects of terrain roughness suggest that more rugged landscapes may reduce dispersal capacity. Using parentage analysis we determined maximum dispersal distances of up to 50 km for females and 100 km for males including movements in either direction across the international border, but no mixing of genetic clusters was seen in either country. Greater genetic connectivity among than within respective countries necessitates careful co‐management between Canada, where the species has the highest levels of legislative protection, and contiguous areas of the United States where limited trapping for fur is now permitted. We encourage similar analyses of conservation populations across international borders to determine how optimal genetic management can best mesh with different policies and conservation approaches among countries.
The effect of fresh gas flow during induction of anaesthesia on sevoflurane usage: a quality improvement study
Authors: Kennedy R. R. , French R. A. , Vesto G. , Hanrahan J. , Page J.
Published: April 2019

Reducing fresh gas flow during inhalational anaesthesia results in cost savings and decreases environmental impact. We are interested in the influence of fresh gas flow on the early (induction) phase of overall fresh gas flow and vapour consumption. This stage is often excluded in studies of fresh gas flow. Data were collected from 3199 sevoflurane anaesthetics over an 11‐month period in four operating theatres. We determined fresh gas flow at different stages of anaesthesia, and developed an explanatory model for the influence of the ‘induction’ period. Following a three‐month collection of baseline data we emphasised the importance of the early phase to our department repeatedly over a two‐week period. We explored the relationship between fresh gas flow and total vapour usage, and used a simple mathematical model to explore the effect of changes in the fresh gas flow and duration of the ‘induction’ phase. Mean fresh gas flow was 1.15 l.min−1 in the baseline period and 0.91 l.min−1 in the two months following our educational effort (p = 0.0005). In the following six months, mean fresh gas flow was 1.17 l.min−1 (p = 0.7726 compared with baseline). These results were driven by changes in both fresh gas flow and duration of the initial high‐flow period. We found some correlation (R2 = 0.85) between overall fresh gas flow and vapour consumption; a 1 l.min−1 increase in fresh gas flow consumes an additional 18 ml.hr−1 of liquid sevoflurane. This preliminary study demonstrates that an episode of high fresh gas flow at the start of anaesthesia has a large and modifiable effect on overall fresh gas flow and vapour consumption. We also confirmed the linear relationship between fresh gas flow and vapour usage.
Role of ten‐eleven translocation proteins and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Penghui , Yan Yunmeng , Yu Wei , Zhang Hongyi
Published: April 2019

In mammals, methylation of the 5th position of cytosine (5mC) seems to be a major epigenetic modification of DNA. This process can be reversed (resulting in cytosine) with high efficiency by dioxygenases of the ten‐eleven translocation (TET) family, which perform oxidation of 5mC to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5‐formylcytosine and 5‐carboxylcytosine. It has been demonstrated that these 5mC oxidation derivatives are in a dynamic state and have pivotal regulatory functions. Here, we comprehensively summarized the recent research progress in the understanding of the physiological functions of the TET proteins and their mechanisms of regulation of DNA methylation and transcription. Among the three TET genes, TET1 and TET2 expression levels have frequently been shown to be low in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and received most attention. The modulation of TET1 also correlates with microRNAs in a post‐transcriptional regulatory process. Additionally, recent studies revealed that global genomic 5hmC levels are down‐regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Combined with the reported results, identification of 5hmC signatures in HCC tissues and in circulating cell‐free DNA will certainly contribute to early detection and should help to design therapeutic strategies against HCC. 5hmC might also be a novel prognostic biomarker of HCC. Thus, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms resulting in the premalignant and aggressive transformation of TET proteins and cells with 5hmC disruption might help to develop novel epigenetic therapies for HCC.
The role of rapid on‐site evaluation on diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration for pancreatic, submucosal upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent lesions
Authors: Khoury Tawfik , Kadah Anas , Farraj Moaad , Barhoum Masaad , Livoff Alejandro , Mari Amir , Mahamid Mahmud , Sbeit Wisam
Published: April 2019

Background and Aim

Our aim was to assess adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) specimens with or without rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) from pancreatic, upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) and adjacent masses.

Method

A retrospective cohort study based on patients’ files who underwent EUS‐FNA in Galilee Medical Center in a 4 years period. Number of needle passes, repeated EUS and ROSE effect on tissue adequacy and diagnostic accuracy were reported.

Results

One‐hundred sixty‐one patients were included. Ninety‐three patients (57.7%) underwent EUS‐FNA without ROSE (group A) compared to 68 patients (42.3%) with ROSE (group B). The most common location was in the pancreas (55% in group A vs 81% in group B). Addition of ROSE yielded a significantly higher specimen adequacy (65% in group A vs 92.6% in group B (Chi‐Square < 0.0001, OR 6.72, 95% CI 2.45‐18.38). The matching rate (accuracy) between ROSE diagnosis and final histopathological diagnosis was noticed in 61 out of 68 patients (89.7%, 95% CI 0.7993‐0.9576). The Kappa coefficient correlations of matching rate between ROSE and final histopathological diagnosis of all lesion and in pancreatic lesions were 0.7558, (95% CI 0.625‐0.887) and 0.7814, (95% CI 0.639‐0.924), respectively.

Conclusions

EUS‐FNA with ROSE significantly improve specimen adequacy and was associated with high diagnostic accuracy.
The influence of data source and species distribution modelling method on spatial conservation priorities
Authors: La Marca William , Elith Jane , Firth Ronald S. C. , Murphy Brett P. , Regan Tracey J. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Nicholson Emily
Published: April 2019

Aim

Species distribution models are an important conservation tool; however, performance can vary with factors including data inputs and modelling method. Model outputs are often under‐evaluated for explanatory and predictive capacity. Our aim was to evaluate the capacity of existing data for seven small mammal species to provide useful inferences for management planning.

Location

Bathurst and Melville (collectively the Tiwi) Islands, Northern Territory, Australia.

Methods

We developed species distribution models (SDMs) with generalized linear models (GLMs) and boosted regression trees (BRTs) using survey data (351 sites) of small mammals, with two sets of environmental predictors: (a) field‐study measurements and (b) available remotely sensed rasters. Predictive capacity of models was evaluated using percentage of deviance explained (%DE) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). We used Marxan to evaluate the influence of different model and data types as input for identifying spatial priorities.

Results

Field‐informed SDMs performed well across both modelling methods, with relatively high test AUC values (mean = 0.82, range = 0.64–0.97) and test %DE (mean = 22.5%, range = 3.5%–65.8%). Remotely sensed models performed relatively poorly, with lower test AUC values (mean = 0.7, range = 0.56–0.86) and lower test %DE (mean = 8.9%, range = 0.03%–24.9%). A notable exception was remotely sensed models forMelomys burtoni(AUC = 0.85 & 0.86, %DE = 23.3% & 24.9%, Bathurst and Melville respectively). Marxan site irreplaceability rankings demonstrated low to marginal agreement using field‐informed and remotely sensed inputs (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.3), and similarly, using GLM and BRT model inputs (0.29).

Main conclusions

The occurrence of small mammals on the Tiwi Islands can be reasonably explained with field‐informed variables, but not with remotely sensed alternatives. Different models lead to different conservation priorities. Our work emphasizes the importance of thoroughly testing SDMs prior to decision‐making.
‘Cukup for me to be successful in this country’: ‘staying’ among left‐behind young women in Indonesia's migrant‐sending villages
Authors: SOMAIAH BITTIANDRA CHAND , YEOH BRENDA S. A. , ARLINI SILVIA MILA
Published: April 2019

By examining the aspirations of young, rural Indonesian women who, unlike their parents, want to stay behind rather than migrate for work, we look at how these women's experiences of feeling left‐behind affect their quests for alternative futures. Using a household relational lens, we employ the mediating concept of enough (cukup) to analyse the aspirations of young women wishing to remain at home. By focusing on their commitment to inter‐generational continuity and care rather than a lack of choice, we are able to offset the discourses associated with the culture of migration and its accompanying remittance euphoria. Our findings showed three main reasons for their choice. First, these young women pursue remittance‐funded higher education as a counter to parental sacrifice. Second, staying allows them both to provide the hands‐on care they themselves were denied as children and to pursue meaningful local careers. Third, the idea that migration has been ‘enough’ is a rational response to the social risks with which migration confronts a family.
Barriers and challenges faced by women with congenital bleeding disorders in Europe: Results of a patient survey conducted by the European Haemophilia Consortium
Authors: Noone Declan , Skouw‐Rasmussen Naja , Lavin Michelle , van Galen Karin P. M. , Kadir Rezan A.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Historically, issues faced by women with bleeding disorders (WBD) have been underestimated. While advances in genetic testing have resulted in improvements, significant challenges remain in the initial recognition of abnormal bleeding and referral of WBD.

Methods

The European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) developed a questionnaire for WBD to provide insights into the barriers and challenges faced by WBD in Europe.

Results

In total, 709 WBD responded to the survey from 32 countries, predominantly from western European countries (94%). A delay in ascertaining the diagnosis of a congenital bleeding disorders (CBD) remains, with a median age at diagnosis of 16 years. The presence of family history is strongly associated with a lower median age at diagnosis of 6 years. WBD reported significant disease impact on their day‐to‐day life, most evident for the rarer CBD. The bleeding symptom of biggest impact on daily life is heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), reported by 55% of women. Importantly, 25% of WBD reports that their condition severely impacted their decision to have or has prevented them from having children. Respondents registered with Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTC) are 2.2 times more likely to receive treatment compared to WBD in other hospital services.

Conclusion

Improved education for both patients and healthcare providers is essential to improve time to diagnosis, access to treatment and psychosocial supports for WBD in Europe.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of candidates for second‐line therapy, including regorafenib and ramucirumab, for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib treatment
Authors: Kuzuya Teiji , Ishigami Masatoshi , Ito Takanori , Ishizu Yoji , Honda Takashi , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2019

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of candidates for second‐line therapy, including regorafenib and ramucirumab, for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sorafenib treatment.

Methods

Of 122 patients, 103 were radiologically confirmed as progressive disease (PD) (sorafenib‐refractory group), and 19 discontinued sorafenib therapy due to adverse events prior to radiologic PD (sorafenib‐intolerant group). Patients in the sorafenib‐refractory group were divided into two subgroups each, according to their eligibility for second‐line treatment (second‐line‐in and ‐out group), regorafenib (RESORCE‐in and ‐out group), or ramucirumab (REACH‐2‐in and ‐out group).

Results

Patients included in the non‐candidate group were those with α‐fetoprotein level <400 ng/mL (n = 51, 49.5%), daily sorafenib dose <400 mg (n = 44, 42.7%), Child–Pugh B or C (n = 40, 38.8%), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ≥2 (n = 24, 23.3%). The percentages of candidates were 57.3% for second‐line, 35.0% for regorafenib, and 23.3% for ramucirumab. The median post‐progression survival (PPS) was significantly longer for the second‐line‐in and the RESORCE‐in groups than in the non‐candidate groups (12.6 and 11.0 months vs. 3.0 and 6.1 months, respectively). The PPS was not significantly different between the REACH‐2‐in and ‐out groups. A significant predictor of candidates for second‐line treatment at sorafenib initiation was a Child–Pugh score of 5 (A5).

Conclusions

Not all patients refractory to sorafenib were candidates for second‐line therapy. A Child–Pugh score of A5 at sorafenib initiation was an important and favorable factor related to eligibility for second‐line therapy and good outcomes.
The Fictitious Audience of 1 Peter
Authors: Robinson Will , Llewelyn Stephen R.
Published: April 2019

Recent scholarship has argued that Simon Peter is not the author of 1 Peter, whilst maintaining that the addressees in 1:1 are the real recipients of the letter. We contend that both the stated author and the stated audience are part of the author’s deception. We propose instead that the author may have simply argued that this text was an older letter from Peter. This proposal is consistent with the widely‐held view that pseudepigraphical letters were not knowingly accepted in early Christian circles, as well as the ancient tradition that Peter was believed to be the real author of the text and offers a simple solution as to how the letter escaped the scrutiny that came with pseudepigraphical works. If this thesis is followed, scholarship concerned with uncovering the socio‐economic status of the Christians in Asia Minor based on this text is therefore misguided.
HIV care cost in England: a cross‐sectional analysis of antiretroviral treatment and the impact of generic introduction
Authors: Ong KJ , van Hoek AJ , Harris RJ , Figueroa J , Waters L , Chau C , Croxford S , Kirwan P , Brown A , Postma MJ , Gill ON , Delpech V
Published: April 2019

Objectives

Reliable and timely HIV care cost estimates are important for policy option appraisals of HIV treatment and prevention strategies. As HIV clinical management and outcomes have changed, we aimed to update profiles of antiretroviral (ARV) usage pattern, patent/market exclusivity details and management costs in adults (≥ 18 years old) accessing HIV specialist care in England.

Methods

The data reported quarterly to the HIV and AIDS Reporting System in England was used to identify ARV usage pattern, and were combined with British National Formulary (BNF) prices, non‐ARV care costs and patent/market exclusivity information to generate average survival‐adjusted lifetime care costs. The cumulative budget impact from 2018 to the year in which all current ARVs were expected to lose market exclusivity was calculated for a hypothetical 85 000 (± 5000) person cohort, which provided an illustration of potential financial savings afforded by bioequivalent generic switches. Price scenarios explored BNF70 (September 2015) prices and generics at 10/20/30/50% of proprietary prices. The analyses took National Health Service (NHS) England's perspective (as the payer), and results are presented in 2016/2017 British pounds.

Results

By 2033, most currently available ARVs would lose market exclusivity; that is, generics could be available. Average per person lifetime HIV cost was ~£200 000 (3.5% annual discount) or ~£400 000 (undiscounted), reducing to ~£70 000 (3.5% annual discount; ~£120 000 undiscounted) with the use of generics (assuming that generics cost 10% of proprietary prices). The cumulative budget to cover 85 000 (± 5000) persons for 16 years (2018–2033) was £10.5 (± 0.6) billion, reducing to £3.6 (± 0.2) billion with the use of generics.

Conclusions

HIV management costs are high but financial efficiency could be improved by optimizing generic use for treatment and prevention to mitigate the high cost of lifelong HIV treatment. Earlier implementation of generics as they become available offers the potential to maximize the scale of the financial savings.
Second‐pillar pensions in Central and Eastern Europe: Payment constraints and exit options
Authors: Fultz Elaine , Hirose Kenichi
Published: April 2019

During 1998–2007, a majority of Central and Eastern European (CEE) governments enacted laws obligating workers to save for retirement in privately managed individual accounts. The governments funded these accounts with a portion of public pension revenues, thus creating or increasing deficits in public systems. After the onset of the global financial and economic crisis (2008), most CEE governments reduced these funding diversions and scaled back the accounts. Now, a decade after the crisis, this article examines the benefits that the accounts are beginning to pay retiring workers. In general, these benefits are shown to be disadvantageous compared with public pensions. Some pay lump sums in lieu of regular monthly benefits, most fail to adjust pensions regularly for inflation, and some pay women less than men with equal account balances. In several countries, pensioners with individual accounts receive lower benefits than those without them. To enable retiring workers to avoid these disadvantages, several CEE governments have allowed them to refund their account balances and receive full public pensions. Yet while this strategy diffuses worker dissatisfaction, it also places strains on public pension finance. To assist second‐pillar account holders without weakening public pensions, governments should consider making private pension savings voluntary and financing these schemes independently of public pensions – i.e. by worker and employer contributions and, possibly, direct state support.
Effects of motor skill interventions on fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Maïano C. , Hue O. , April J.
Published: April 2019

Background

Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are characterised by deficits in fundamental movement skills (FMS). In youth with typical development, motor skill interventions have been recognised as an efficient means to improve FMS. However, the effects of these interventions among youth with ID have not yet been systematically reviewed.

Purpose

The purpose of the present systematic review was to summarise the findings from studies pertaining to the effects of motor skill interventions designed to improve FMS in children and adolescents with ID.

Method

A systematic literature search (without year restriction) was performed in 12 databases. Studies in press or published in English in a peer‐reviewed journal were included if: (1) participants were youth with ID aged 5 to 22; (2) motor skill interventions aimed to improve one or several FMS; and (3) they were experimental, quasi‐experimental or pre‐experimental. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the quality of the studies.

Results

Through the search strategy, 1083 articles were identified, and 14 studies published between 1969 and 2018 met the inclusion criteria. In studies with children, motor skill interventions successfully improved balance skills and overall FMS, whereas mixed and inconclusive results were found for locomotor skills. In studies with adolescents, motor skill interventions were shown to successfully improve balance skills. However, none of the motor skill interventions reviewed focused on locomotor and object control skills.

Conclusions

The reviewed motor skill interventions were effective in improving balance skills in both children and adolescents with ID as well as overall FMS in children with ID. Conversely, the effects of motor skill interventions targeting locomotor and object control skills remain unclear. Therefore, given the relatively small number of studies and their limitations, the present findings need to be interpreted with caution, and further rigorous studies are necessary.
Breed does not affect the association between murmur intensity and disease severity in dogs with pulmonic or subaortic stenosis
Authors: Rishniw M. , Caivano D. , Dickson D. , Swift S. , Rouben C. , Dennis S. , Sammarco C. , Lustgarten J. , Ljungvall I.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To determine whether breed affects the ability of murmur intensity to predict the severity of stenosis in dogs with pulmonic stenosis or subaortic stenosis.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective multi‐investigator study of dogs with pulmonic stenosis or subaortic stenosis. Murmur intensity, assessed by a four‐level classification scheme, was compared with echocardiographically‐determined pressure gradient across the affected valve. Breeds represented by at least 10 dogs at any murmur intensity were compared to determine the effect, if any, of breed.

Results

A total of 1088 dogs (520 with pulmonic stenosis and 568 with subaortic stenosis, representing 106 breeds and the mixed breed group) were included; 208 dogs had soft, 210 had moderate, 283 had loud and 387 had palpable murmurs. Fifteen breeds were represented by at least 10 dogs: five breeds with at least 10 dogs had soft murmurs (132 dogs), nine breeds had moderate murmurs (149 dogs), 10 breeds had loud murmurs (188 dogs), and 11 breeds had palpable murmurs (286 dogs). No breeds differed in stenosis severity from any other breeds within any murmur grade. Post hoc power calculations suggested that we would have been able to detect at least a moderate or large effect size, had one existed. Several dogs with soft murmurs had more‐than‐mild disease severity.

Clinical Significance

Despite anecdotally perceived differences in the detection of heart murmurs between breeds, which have been proposed to potentially affect the interpretation of stenosis severity, we found no obvious breed effect in the ability to predict severity of stenosis.
Congenital external hydrocephalus in a dog
Authors: Gomes S. A. , Targett M. , Lowrie M.
Published: April 2019

A 4‐year‐old female Chihuahua was presented with progressive seizures, blindness and lethargy. Neurolocalisation was consistent with a diffuse brain lesion affecting the forebrain and cerebellum. MRI demonstrated dilation of the subarachnoid space dorsolaterally surrounding the cerebrum, filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Ventricular system size was normal, but mild cerebral atrophy was suspected. There was pachymeningeal contrast enhancement, but CSF analysis was unremarkable. This lesion was interpreted to be an external hydrocephalus of suspected congenital origin.
Thomas Aquinas’ Divine Simplicity as Biblical Hermeneutic
Authors: Long D. Stephen
Published: April 2019

Long draws from the Old Testament scholar Walter Brueggemann's commentary on Jeremiah some strong reasons for rejecting the traditional teaching on divine simplicity. Above all, for Brueggemann the book of Jeremiah simply will not work if God is simple: God explicitly tells Jeremiah that God suffers and also that God changes in response to Israel. According to Long, however, Thomas Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity actually upholds the points that Brueggemann draws from Jeremiah. Long argues that theological accounts of divine simplicity should especially have two purposes: to serve as a way of manifesting in speech the mystery of the Triune God, and to affirm God's transcendent sovereignty over creation. In light of Brueggemann's approach, Long examines four early Reformed theologians: Peter Vermigli (1499‐1562), Girolamo Zanchi (1516‐1590), John Biddle (1615‐1662) and John Owen (1616‐1683). While Biddle rejects divine simplicity, the others uphold it. Long shows that their teaching on divine simplicity focuses on God's transcendent sovereignty over creation. By contrast, Long finds Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity to be more helpful in upholding Brueggemann's insights, insofar as Aquinas uses the doctrine to defend the simplicity of the Triune God. Rather than focusing on God's sovereign power, Aquinas's doctrine of divine simplicity focuses on getting the Trinitarian processions right.
Populism and nationalism
Authors: Brubaker Rogers
Published: April 2019

Few social science categories have been more heatedly contested in recent years than ‘populism’. One focus of debate concerns the relation between populism and nationalism. Criticising the tendency to conflate populism and nationalism, De Cleen and Stavrakakis argue for a sharp conceptual distinction between the two. They situate populist discourse on a vertical, and nationalist discourse on a horizontal axis. I argue that this strict conceptual separation cannot capture the productive ambiguity of populist appeals to ‘the people’, evoking at once plebs, sovereign demos and bounded community. The frame of reference for populist discourse is most fruitfully understood as a two‐dimensional space, at once a space of inequality and a space of difference. Vertical opposition to those on top (and often those on the bottom) and horizontal opposition to those outside are tightly interwoven, generally in such a way that economic, political and cultural elites are represented as being ‘outside’ as well as ‘on top’. The ambiguity and two‐dimensionality of appeals to ‘the people’ do not result from the conflation of populism and nationalism; they are a constitutive feature of populism itself, a practical resource that can be exploited in constructing political identities and defining lines of political opposition and conflict.
From collaborative community to competitive market: the quest to build a crowdsourcing platform for social innovation
Authors: Kohler Thomas , Chesbrough Henry
Published: April 2019

Crowdsourcing presents new opportunities to generate social innovation. However, many crowdsourcing social innovation initiatives struggle with turning their promising projects into sustaining platforms. We studied how to design crowdsourcing platforms for social innovation by building and examining a platform called travel2change. We illustrate a framework of crowdsourcing platform building blocks based on the evolution of our case study from a collaborative community to a competitive market. Thriving platforms have a clear purpose, they facilitate value‐creating interactions for well‐understood actors and build a valid business model. The insights reveal design principles to guide organizations that seek to leverage crowdsourcing for social impact.
Perceived Quality of Governance and Trust in Government in Rural China: A Comparison Between Villagers and Officials
Authors: Han Ziqiang , Lin Kai , Tao Peng
Published: April 2019

Objective

This research examined the relations between perceived quality of governance and trust in government in China.

Methods

Using nationally representative data collected in rural China, we compared the varying degrees of trust in different levels of government (central, provincial, county, and town), and the varied effects of perceived quality of governance on trust in different levels of government between general villagers and local officials.

Results

This study found that although officials showed higher degrees of trust in government, they demonstrated no significant difference from the general villagers on their perceived quality of national governance. Also, the effects of perceived quality of governance on trust in most levels of government have no significant differences between local officials and villagers.

Conclusion

These findings were discussed in the broader contexts of economic development in China.
Functional analysis tools for post‐translational modification: a post‐translational modification database for analysis of proteins and metabolic pathways
Authors: Cruz Edward R. , Nguyen Hung , Nguyen Tin , Wallace Ian S.
Published: April 2019

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) are critical regulators of protein function, and nearly 200 different types of PTM have been identified. Advances in high‐resolution mass spectrometry have led to the identification of an unprecedented number of PTM sites in numerous organisms, potentially facilitating a more complete understanding of how PTMs regulate cellular behavior. While databases have been created to house the resulting data, most of these resources focus on individual types of PTM, do not consider quantitative PTM analyses or do not provide tools for the visualization and analysis of PTM data. Here, we describe the Functional Analysis Tools for Post‐Translational Modifications (FAT‐PTM) database (https://bioinformatics.cse.unr.edu/fat-ptm/), which currently supports eight different types of PTM and over 49 000 PTM sites identified in large‐scale proteomic surveys of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The FAT‐PTM database currently supports tools to visualize protein‐centric PTM networks, quantitative phosphorylation site data from over 10 different quantitative phosphoproteomic studies, PTM information displayed in protein‐centric metabolic pathways and groups of proteins that are co‐modified by multiple PTMs. Overall, the FAT‐PTM database provides users with a robust platform to share and visualize experimentally supported PTM data, develop hypotheses related to target proteins or identify emergent patterns in PTM data for signaling and metabolic pathways.
The non-archimedean SYZ fibration
Authors: Nicaise Johannes , Xu Chenyang , Yu Tony Yue
Published: April 2019

We construct non-archimedean SYZ (Strominger–Yau–Zaslow) fibrations for maximally degenerate Calabi–Yau varieties, and we show that they are affinoid torus fibrations away from a codimension-two subset of the base. This confirms a prediction by Kontsevich and Soibelman. We also give an explicit description of the induced integral affine structure on the base of the SYZ fibration. Our main technical tool is a study of the structure of minimal dlt (divisorially log terminal) models along one-dimensional strata.
eIF3f depletion impedes mouse embryonic development, reduces adult skeletal muscle mass and amplifies muscle loss during disuse
Authors: Docquier Aurélie , Pavlin Laura , Raibon Audrey , Bertrand‐Gaday Christelle , Sar Chamroeun , Leibovitch Serge , Candau Robin , Bernardi Henri
Published: April 2019

Key points

In muscular cells, eukaryotic initiation factor subunit f (eIF3f) activates protein synthesis by allowing physical interaction between mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), although its physiological role in animals is unknown.

A knockout approach suggests that homozygous mice carrying a null mutation of the eIF3f gene fail to develop and consequently die at early embryonic stage, whereas heterozygous mice associated with a partial depletion of eIF3f gene grow normally and are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild‐type mice.

Heterozygous mice express reduced eIF3f mRNA and protein levels in skeletal muscles and show diminished muscle mass associated with a decrease in the protein synthesis rate and an inhibition of the MTORC1 pathway.

During hindlimb immobilization, heterozygous eIF3f mice display an exacerbated immobilization‐induced muscle atrophy associated with reduced protein synthesis.

These results highlight the essential role of eIF3f during embryonic development and its involvement in muscular homeostasis via protein synthesis regulation.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit F (eIF3f), a component of eIF3 complex, plays an important role in protein synthesis regulation, although its physiological functions are unknown. We generated and analysed mice carrying a null mutation in the eIF3f gene. We showed that homozygous eIF3f knockout fail to develop and that eIF3f−/− embryos die at an early stage of development but after the pre‐implantation stage. However, disrupting one eIF3f allele does not affect growth, viability and fertility of heterozygous mice but, instead, reduces eIF3f mRNA and protein levels in all tissues examined. Although heterozygous mice are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild‐type mice, they present a diminished body weight and a lean mass reduction associated with normal body size. Interestingly, skeletal muscles are mainly affected and display an altered cell size without modification of fibre number. Skeletal muscles of heterozygous mice show a deficiency in polysome content, a decrease in protein synthesis rate and an inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway. We then studied the effects of hindlimb immobilization that mimic muscle disuse on heterozygous mice aiming to further explore the involvement of eIF3f in protein synthesis. We found that eIF3f partial depletion amplifies muscle atrophy compared to wild‐type mice. Mass and cross‐sectional area decreases were associated with reduced MTOR pathway activation and protein synthesis rate. Taken together, our data indicate that eIF3f is essential for mice embryonic development and controls adult skeletal muscle mass via protein synthesis regulation in a MTOR‐dependent manner.
A time-geographical mixed-methods approach: studying the complexities of energy and water use in households
Authors: Köhler Helena , Trygg Kristina
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study is to describe and assess a methodology based on a time geographical approach for studying energy and water use in households. Energy and water resources are often used in routinized activities, and in activities considered as private, normal and ordinary, which makes them difficult to explore in research. In this article, we give an account of a mixed-methods approach using time diaries, metering data, interviews and simple observations, and analyse and discuss its methodological and empirical implications from two Swedish case studies. We conclude that the suggested combination of methods, despite some complications, provides a comprehensive account of household energy and water use to which various theoretical perspectives could apply. Energy and water using activities are defined in terms of time, place, quantity, material and social context, and are related to user perspectives on resource use and usage data. Such knowledge provides important input for information campaigns, technological retrofitting and other systemic changes in striving towards sustainability.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Simulation Experiment for a Water Drive Gas Reservoir
Authors: Xiao Qianhua , Fang Feifei , Wang Zhiyuan , Jiang Bocai , Yuan Yingzhong
Published: April 2019

The water invasion property and water drive gas displacement efficiency of water drive gas reservoirs are studied under different displacement pressure gradients by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) online detection technology to better guide the scientific exploration of these reservoirs. The breakthrough pressures of the water seal and water lock are also analyzed. The results show that low-permeability gas reservoir water bodies pass through large pores preferentially and then pass through holes and small pores. The remaining gas is mainly distributed in holes and small pores. In contrast, high-permeability gas reservoir water bodies pass through large pores and holes preferentially, and the remaining gas is mainly distributed in large pores and small pores. As the permeability increases, the water drive gas displacement efficiency decreases. As the displacement pressure gradient increases, the displacement efficiency initially increases and then decreases. The breakthrough pressures of the water seal and water lock are highly affected by the permeability. Large permeability results in easy water breakthrough. Variations in the water invasion and water drive gas displacement efficiency are consistent with the variations of the breakthrough pressure and accurately reflect the properties of water drive gas reservoirs.
Low-Temperature Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Ceramic Substrate by Molding Inorganic Aluminosilicate Paste
Authors: Cheng Hao , Peng Yang , Mou Yun , Sun Qinglei , Chen Mingxiang
Published: April 2019

In this work, an easy and low-temperature fabrication method of three-dimensional (3D) ceramic substrate was proposed. A 3DPC ceramic substrate was fabricated by molding alkali-activated aluminosilicate cement (AAAC) to form up a dam (cavity) on direct plated copper (DPC) ceramic substrate at low temperature. The effects of viscosity and curing temperature of cement paste on the properties of the 3DPC were investigated. The prepared 3DPC ceramic substrate achieved precise dimensions and structure, especially the manufacturing accuracy error was less than 2.5%. By optimizing process parameters, the shear strength between dam and DPC substrate reached up to 9.5 MPa. Moreover, thermal cycle and heat resistance tests confirmed that 3DPC exhibits excellent thermal reliability. All experimental results demonstrated that 3DPC ceramic substrate could satisfy with three dimension packaging and integration.
New Stigmaeopsis species on Miscanthus grasses in Taiwan and Thailand (Acari, Tetranychidae)
Authors: Saito Yutaka , Sato Yukie , Kongchuensin Manita , Chao Jung-Tai , Sahara Ken
Published: April 2019

We described two new species collected from Miscanthus spp. in Thailand and Taiwan. One of the new species, Stigmaeopsis inthanonsis Saito, Kongchuensin & Sahara n. sp., was found in Thailand (Inthanon National Park). The other species from Taiwan, named Stigmaeopsis formosa Saito, Chao & Sato n. sp. was previously referred to as T-form or ML form of Stigmaeopsis miscanthi (Saito). Thus 15 species are now involved in the genus Stigmaeopsis. Because five species inhabiting Miscanthus grasses are resemble together, we call them as Stigmaeopsis miscanthi species group. An updated key to all known species of Stigmaeopsis is proposed.
Role of ionization fraction on the surface roughness, density, and interface mixing of the films deposited by thermal evaporation, dc magnetron sputtering, and HiPIMS: An atomistic simulation
Authors: Kateb Movaffaq , Hajihoseini Hamidreza , Gudmundsson Jon Tomas , Ingvarsson Snorri
Published: April 2019

The effect of ionization fraction on the epitaxial growth of Cu film on Cu (111) substrate at room temperature is explored. Three deposition methods, thermal evaporation, dc magnetron sputtering (dcMS), and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) are compared. Three deposition conditions, i.e., fully neutral, 50% ionized, and 100% ionized flux were considered thermal evaporation, dcMS, and HiPIMS, respectively, for ∼20000 adatoms. It is shown that higher ionization fraction of the deposition flux leads to smoother surfaces by two major mechanisms, i.e., decreasing clustering in the vapor phase and bicollision of high energy ions at the film surface. The bicollision event consists of local amorphization which fills the gaps between islands followed by crystallization due to secondary collisions. The bicollision events are found to be very important to prevent island growth to become dominant and increase the surface roughness. Regardless of the deposition method, epitaxial Cu thin films suffer from stacking fault areas (twin boundaries) in agreement with recent experimental results. Thermal evaporation and dcMS deposition present negligible interface mixing while HiPIMS deposition presents considerable interface mixing.
Sound diffraction prediction of a rectangular rigid plate using the physical theory of diffraction
Authors: Rozynova Aleksandra , Xiang Ning
Published: April 2019

For the purpose of numerical efficiency in room acoustic modeling, the physical theory of diffraction (PTD) is applied to approximate solutions of a finite-sized, rigid rectangular plate. The application of the PTD enables sound diffraction contributions from the two edge pairs of the rigid plate to be predicted separately while ignoring the edge waves around the corners in far-field. This paper discusses numerical implementations of the theoretical predictions to show the efficiency of the application of the PTD in finite-sized objects. The numerical results implemented will also be compared with preliminary experimental results carried out using an acoustical goniometer.
Passive volumetric time domain simulation for room acoustics applications
Authors: Bilbao Stefan , Hamilton Brian
Published: April 2019

A major design consideration for volumetric wave-based time-domain room acoustics simulation methods, such as finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods, must be sufficiently general, or robust, to handle irregular room geometries and frequency-dependent and spatially varying wall conditions. A general framework for the design of such schemes is presented here, based on the use of the passivity concept, which underpins realistic wall conditions. This analysis is based on the use of conservative finite volume methods, allowing for a representation of the room system as a feedback connection of a lossless part, corresponding to wave propagation over the interior, and a lossy subsystem, representing the effect of wall admittances. Such a representation includes simpler FDTD methods as a special case, and allows for the determination of stability conditions for a variety of time-stepping strategies.
Common mathematical framework for stochastic reverberation models
Authors: Badeau Roland
Published: April 2019

In the field of room acoustics, it is well known that reverberation can be characterized statistically in a particular region of the time-frequency domain (after the transition time and above Schroeder's frequency). Since the 1950s, various formulas have been established, focusing on particular aspects of reverberation: exponential decay over time, correlations between frequencies, correlations between sensors at each frequency, and time-frequency distribution. In this paper, the author introduces a stochastic reverberation model, which permits us to retrieve all these well-known results within a common mathematical framework. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first time that such a unification work is presented. The benefits are multiple: several formulas generalizing the classical results are established that jointly characterize the spatial, temporal, and spectral properties of late reverberation.
An investigation of listener envelopment utilizing a spherical microphone array and third-order ambisonics reproduction
Authors: Dick David A. , Vigeant Michelle C.
Published: April 2019

Listener envelopment (LEV), the sense of being surrounded by the sound field, is a perception that has been found to be related to the overall impression of a concert hall. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the perception of LEV and the direction and arrival time of energy from spatial room impulse responses (IRs). IRs were obtained in a 2000-seat concert hall using a 32-channel spherical microphone array and analyzed using a third-order plane wave decomposition. Additionally, the IRs were convolved with anechoic music and processed for third-order Ambisonic reproductions and presented to subjects over a 30-loudspeaker array. Instances were found in which the energy in the late sound field did not correlate with LEV ratings as well as energy in a 70–100 ms time window. Follow-up listening tests were conducted with hybrid IRs containing portions of an enveloping IR and an unenveloping IR with crossover times ranging from 40 to 140 ms. Additional hybrid IRs were studied wherein portions of the spatial IRs were collapsed into all frontal energy with crossover times ranging from 40 to 120 ms. The tests confirmed that much of the important LEV information exists in the early portion of these IRs.
Source directivity approximation for finite-difference time-domain simulation by estimating initial value
Authors: Takeuchi Daiki , Yatabe Kohei , Oikawa Yasuhiro
Published: April 2019

In order to incorporate a directive sound source into acoustic simulation using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), this paper proposes an optimization-based method to estimate the initial value which approximates a desired directional pattern after propagation. The proposed method explicitly considers a discretized FDTD scheme and optimizes the initial value directly in the time domain so that every effect of the discretization error of FDTD, including numerical dispersion, is taken into account. It is also able to consider a frequency-wise directivity by integrating the Fourier transform into the optimization procedure, even though the estimated result is defined in the time domain. After the optimization, the obtained result can be utilized in any acoustic simulation based on the same FDTD scheme without modification because the result is represented as the initial value to be propagated and no additional procedure is required.