bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical anatomy of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve and its clinical significance in surgery at the ulnar side of the wrist
Authors: Uerpairojkit Chairoj , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth , Puthiwara Dechporn , Anantaworaskul Navapong , Malungpaishorpe Kanchai , Leechavengvongs Somsak
Published: December 2018

The dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve can be easily injured during surgery at the ulnar side of the wrist. We sought to identify the surgical anatomy, the pathway around the ulnar styloid process and the safe zone of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve. In 44 forearm dissections, we found that the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve originated at a median distance of 6.8 cm proximal to the tip of the ulnar styloid. We classified the crossing pattern of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve at a vertical axis into three types. The most common type featured the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve crossing the vertical axis at a median distance of 10.0 mm distal to the tip of the ulnar styloid. In 14% of specimens, the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve crossed the vertical axis at the level of the tip of the ulnar styloid. By mapping the course of the nerve using a Cartesian coordinate system, it was found that the areas located proximal and palmar to the tip of the ulnar styloid had a very high density of dorsal cutaneous branches of the ulnar nerve. We were unable to establish a safe zone. We recommend identifying the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve in every patient undergoing surgery at the ulnar side of the wrist.
The Good News Bible: Is It Good News for the Jews? Methodological Observations on Translational Choices in GNB
Authors: Förster Hans
Published: December 2018

In some cases the meaning-based approach used in the translation of the Good News Bible appears to support translational choices that strengthen or even introduce anti-Judaism in translation. There are instances where such translational choices are not required by the source text. It is possible, in the examples selected for discussion, to arrive at translations that follow the source text closely, are less anti-Jewish, and conform to the principles of a meaning-based approach. In principle, almost every translator of texts from the New Testament faces translational choices possibly introducing a note of anti-Judaism in translation. However, the meaning-based approach might disambiguate ambiguous passages in a way that introduces a stronger note of anti-Judaism (if compared to more formally equivalent translations), as one of the examples indicates.
Empowerment from patient’s and caregiver’s perspective in cancer care
Authors: Marzorati Chiara , Bailo Luca , Mazzocco Ketti , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: December 2018

The caregivers’ perceptions of the patients’ health condition may be biased and induce them to perceive higher needs than patients actually disclose. Our aim was to assess if the level of knowledge and awareness about cancer disease and treatment, and patient participation and assistance differs between caregivers and patients. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted across five countries (Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, France and Germany) on a total of 510 participants who directly (patient) or indirectly (caregiver) faced a cancer diagnosis. Investigating this divergence could help to identify possible difficulties in patient–caregiver relationship, eventually improving patient empowerment.
Social and psychological factors affecting utilization of female condom among youths in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Boraya Joshua Omwenga , Githae Caroline , Atandi Titus Abuga , Gachau Albert
Published: December 2018

The female condom is a dual protection tool for both prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission and conception of unwanted pregnancies. In Migori, HIV prevalence is 16 percent and utilization of female condom is at 0.3 percent. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 youths who were systematically and randomly sampled. Majority of youths (86.6%) were aged between 18 and 25 years with 83.9 percent being single, 95.3 percent were Christians, and 4.7 percent Muslim. There was a significant association between marital status, Men’s role in negotiation of safe sex, incompetence in female condom insertion, and utilization of the female condom.
Health and appearance reasons for weight loss as predictors of long-term weight change
Authors: Mroz Joseph E , Pullen Carol H , Hageman Patricia A
Published: December 2018

This study investigated whether women’s initial reasons (health, appearance to others, or appearance to self) for wanting to lose weight influenced their weight change over a 30-month web-based intervention. Multilevel modeling with 1416 observations revealed that only appearance in relation to one’s self was a significant (negative) predictor. Women highly motivated to lose weight to improve their appearance in relation to themselves gained weight at 30 months, whereas those not motivated for this reason achieved clinically significant weight loss. Results suggest examining participants’ initial reasons for weight loss as an important component of intervention failure or success.
Reliability, Validity, and Factorial Structure of the Farsi Version of the Paranoia Checklist With Iranian Students
Authors: Amirpour Leila , Dadfar Mahboubeh , Heydari Charvadeh Majid , Birashk Behrooz
Published: December 2018

Paranoid thought is one of the most common symptoms in psychiatric disorders. The Paranoia Checklist is a brief screening and diagnostic tool for clinical and subclinical paranoia. It has been used in research, clinical, and non-clinical settings. The Paranoia Checklist has not had its validity examined in university settings in Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the validation of the Farsi version of Paranoia Checklist in a randomized cluster sample of 365 Iranian volunteer college students selected from the Payame Noor University of Mashhad in Iran. They completed the Paranoia Checklist, the General Paranoia Scale, and the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R). The mean score of the Paranoia Checklist was 35.50 ( SD = 7.21). The Cronbach’s α for the Paranoia Checklist was .87, indicating high internal consistency. The Paranoia Checklist correlated .42 with the General Paranoia Scale, .38 with the SCL-90-R subscales of Anxiety (ANX), Hostility (HOS), and Paranoia Ideation (PAR), and .37 with the Interpersonal Sensitivity (INTS), denoting moderate construct and criterion-related validity. The results of the factor analysis of the Paranoia Checklist identified three factors associated with the paranoid thoughts. The Paranoia Checklist has a multidimensional structure, and adequate validity and reliability. It can be used in the non-clinical, clinical, and research settings to measure paranoia in Iran.
Response to Morgan: On the Role of Status Threat and Material Interests in the 2016 Election
Authors: Mutz Diana
Published: December 2018

I am delighted to have the opportunity to respond to Morgan’s article, which is a critique of my recent publication (Mutz 2018). I will restrict my response to matters concerning the data and analysis, excluding issues such as whether the journal PNAS is appropriately named (Morgan this issue:3) as well as Morgan’s views about how this work was covered in various media outlets (Morgan this issue:3–6). These issues are less important than whether material self-interest or status threat motivated Trump supporters.
Worsening Proteinuria Following Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Kenworthy Jessie-Anne , Davis Justin , Chandra Varun , Clark J. Ben , Desmond Michael
Published: December 2018

Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is a standard of care for a variety of ophthalmological conditions. While the systemic use of these agents in oncology is well known to induce a number of renal-related adverse effects such as worsening hypertension and proteinuria, the ability of local intravitreal injections to cause similar side effects has traditionally been thought to be unlikely given the lower doses used. In this case report, we describe an 88-year-old woman who developed a sudden worsening of her previously stable proteinuria with the use of bilateral intravitreal bevacizumab injections for diabetic macular edema, with improvement in her proteinuria upon reduction to unilateral therapy. This case report adds to the growing body of literature that suggests that local anti-VEGF therapy may have the potential to induce adverse systemic effects, and clinicians who care for these patients should remain vigilant to the development of potential renal-related toxicity.
A modified, mussel-inspired method to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride membranes filled with halloysite nanotubes modified with dopamine, iron oxide, and silane for oil–water separation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Yi , Zhu Xuyang , Cai Youfeng , Li Yu , Han Qiong , Zhang Tongqing
Published: December 2018

Polyvinylidene fluoride is an excellent membrane separation material, but its hydrophilicity is weak, which makes the membrane susceptible to contamination during use. In this study, a novel composite nanomaterial was prepared to improve the hydrophilicity of the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, so that it can efficiently separate the oil–water emulsion. The nanophase material crystal structure was studied by X-ray diffraction, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed polar moieties (–OH, –NH2) on the membrane surface. The results show that the hydrophilic nanomaterials have been successfully prepared. The membrane surface morphology and the pore structure were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It can be observed that the surface of the modified membrane is more orderly than the original polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane’s pure water flux was investigated by using a cup ultrafiltration device to characterize the permeability. The pure water contact angle was measured by a contact angle meter to characterize the membrane’s hydrophilicity. The results show that the modified membrane has good hydrophilicity compared with the original polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. In addition, the oil–water separation performance was studied using four different types of oil/water emulsions. The experimental results showed that the membrane had a good performance in separating the emulsified oils with a highest oil removal rate of 97.2%. At the same time, the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane had good anti-fouling performance. After three pollution/washing cycles, the flux recovery rate still reached 84.6%. Under the long-term testing conditions, the performance of the membrane was relatively stable.
Regulator of telomere length 1 (RTEL1) mutations are associated with heterogeneous pulmonary and extra-pulmonary phenotypes
Authors: Borie Raphael , Bouvry Diane , Cottin Vincent , Gauvain Clement , Cazes Aurélie , Debray Marie-Pierre , Cadranel Jacques , Dieude Philippe , Degot Tristan , Dominique Stephane , Gamez Anne Sophie , Jaillet Madeleine , Juge Pierre-Antoine , Londono-Vallejo Arturo , Mailleux Arnaud , Mal Hervé , Boileau Catherine , Menard Christelle , Nunes Hilario , Prevot Gregoire , Quetant Sebastien , Revy Patrick , Traclet Julie , Wemeau-Stervinou Lidwine , Wislez Marie , Kannengiesser Caroline , Crestani Bruno
Published: December 2018

Regulator of telomere length 1 (RTEL1) mutations have been evidenced in 5–9% of familial pulmonary fibrosis; however, the phenotype of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) andRTEL1mutations is poorly understood.

Whole exome sequencing was performed in 252 probands with ILD and we included all patients with ILD andRTEL1mutation.RTEL1expression was evaluated by immunochemistry in the lungs of controls, as well as inRTEL1and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutation carriers.

We identified 35 subjects from 17 families. Median age at diagnosis of ILD was 53.1 years (range 28.0–80.6). The most frequent pulmonary diagnoses were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n=20, 57%), secondary ILD (n=7, 20%) and unclassifiable fibrosis or interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (n=7, 20%). The median transplant-free and overall survival periods were 39.2 months and 45.3 months, respectively. Forced vital capacity at diagnosis was the only factor associated with decreased transplant-free survival. Extra-pulmonary manifestations were less frequent as compared to other telomere-related gene mutation carriers. A systematic analysis of the literature identified 110 patients with ILD andRTEL1mutations (including this series) and confirmed the heterogeneity of the pulmonary phenotype, the prevalence of non-idiopathic diseases and the low prevalence of extra-pulmonary manifestations.

Immunohistochemistry showed thatRTEL1was expressed by bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as by alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes, but not by fibroblasts.
Human diaphragm atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is not predicted by routine respiratory measures
Authors: Guimarães-Costa Raquel , Similowski Thomas , Rivals Isabelle , Morélot-Panzini Capucine , Nierat Marie-Cécile , Bui Mai Thao , Akbar David , Straus Christian , Romero Norma Beatriz , Michel Patrick Pierre , Menegaux Fabrice , Salachas François , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jésus , Bruneteau Gaëlle
Published: December 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients show progressive respiratory muscle weakness leading to death from respiratory failure. However, there are no data on diaphragm histological changes in ALS patients and how they correlate with routine respiratory measurements.

We collected 39 diaphragm biopsies concomitantly with laparoscopic insertion of intradiaphragmatic electrodes during a randomised controlled trial evaluating early diaphragm pacing in ALS (https://clinicaltrials.gov;NCT01583088). Myofibre type, size and distribution were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and correlated with spirometry, respiratory muscle strength and phrenic nerve conduction parameters. The relationship between these variables and diaphragm atrophy was assessed using multivariate regression models.

All patients exhibited significant slow- and fast-twitch diaphragmatic atrophy. Vital capacity (VC), maximal inspiratory pressure, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) and twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure did not correlate with the severity of diaphragm atrophy. Inspiratory capacity (IC) correlated modestly with slow-twitch myofibre atrophy. Supine fall in VC correlated weakly with fast-twitch myofibre atrophy. Multivariate analysis showed that IC, SNIP and functional residual capacity were independent predictors of slow-twitch diaphragmatic atrophy, but not fast-twitch atrophy.

Routine respiratory tests are poor predictors of diaphragm structural changes. Improved detection of diaphragm atrophy is essential for clinical practice and for management of trials specifically targeting diaphragm muscle function.
Ageing in place and the internet of things – how smart home technologies, the built environment and caregiving intersect
Authors: Carnemolla Phillippa
Published: December 2018

Smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT), have the potential to play a significant role in enabling older people to age in place. Although there has been substantial development of new applications of sensor technology in the home, this has tended to be tele-health focused, and there has been less work done on the role of IoT and ageing in place that more broadly considers caregiving and the built environment. Research in the field of IoT development and evaluation has recognised a number of challenges and limitations associated with past smart technology developments to support Ageing in Place, calling for user centeredness and better integration with broader systems. Compounding this, research into Ageing in Place and home environments has focused on built environments and largely ignored the impact of technology in the lives of older people staying at home. Recognising a gap in acknowledging the potential impact of technology on Ageing in Place theories, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualise a way of framing smart technology within an Ageing in Place model that acknowledges the interaction of smart technology with the built environment and caregiving and to present a framework for visualising the interactions that take place. A review of Environmental Gerontology model development is undertaken and a new model is presented that recognises the role of technology in Ageing in Place. Based on this model, a template is developed and three case studies of older people’s experiences of smart home technology, home modifications and caregiving are mapped out. These are used to demonstrate “proof of concept” of the relationships put forward in the HAST model and the pre-curser for a template to help people map smart technology and its role in supporting caregiving and ageing in place. This paper’s position is that technologies such as IoT further support the role of the built environment and caregiving to produce outcomes that enable older people to remain autonomous, independent, safe and well at home. However, a number of risks were also identified through the case studies, the issues of maintenance, cost and ease of use, and willingness to use are considerations and potential barriers to the benefits of smart technology.
3D edge-diffraction coefficients in the azimuth and emergence domain
Authors: Liu Qiannan , Peng Suping , Zhao Jingtao , Cui Xiaoqin , Du Wenfeng , Lin Peng
Published: December 2018

The conventional equation for 3D edge diffractions in the Cartesian coordinate system lacks angle information for studying the energy patterns in 3D seismic prestack data. Here, a new calculation method is presented for determining 3D edge-diffraction coefficients in a spherical coordinate system that can formulate the coefficients according to the azimuth and emergence angles. To avoid the singularity phenomenon, a Haar wavelet operator matrix is used for this new method. Analysis of the edge-diffraction coefficients variations with azimuth in the common-shot domain, common-receiver domain, and common-midpoint domain reveals that the variation curves of the coefficients can be used to identify the trend of a fault. The phenomenon of polarity reversal of the edge-diffraction coefficients is observed in the different domains, and the coefficients in the common-shot domain are more sensitive than in other domains.
A discussion of 2D induced polarization effects in airborne electromagnetic and inversion with a robust 1D laterally constrained inversion scheme
Authors: Lin Changhong , Fiandaca Gianluca , Auken Esben , Couto Marco Antonio , Christiansen Anders Vest
Published: December 2018

Recently, the interest in the induced polarization (IP) phenomenon in airborne time-domain electromagnetic (ATEM) data has increased considerably. IP may affect the ATEM data significantly and mask underlying geologic structures. To simulate 2D airborne IP data, a 2D finite-element forward-modeling algorithm has been developed with the dispersive conductivity described by the well-known Cole-Cole model. We verify our algorithm by comparison with the 1D solution of the AarhusInv code. Two-dimensional forward responses on six synthetic models, mimicking archetypal 2D conductive and chargeable anomalies, have been generated, and the results indicate that 2D IP affects the data significantly. Differences between the 2D IP responses and the 1D IP responses are evident above the 2D anomalies and at their edges. These differences are similar to what is found when comparing 2D and 1D forward responses over conductive 2D anomalies without considering IP. We evaluate an effective robust inversion scheme to recover the 2D IP parameters using the 1D laterally constrained inversion (LCI) scheme. The inversion of the synthetic data using the robust scheme indicates that not only can the IP parameters be recovered, but also the IP inversions can provide more accurate resistivity sections than a resistivity-only inversion, in terms of resistivity values and anomaly thickness/depth. The field example from Hope Bay area in Canada is even more valuable, considering that part of the profile consists of only negative data, which cannot be inverted with a resistivity-only scheme. Furthermore, the edge effects at the anomaly boundaries are less pronounced in the IP parameters than in the resistivity parameter on the synthetic models with more conductive backgrounds.
Inverse Q filtering via synchrosqueezed wavelet transform
Authors: Xue Ya-Juan , Cao Jun-Xing , Wang Xing-Jian
Published: December 2018

We have developed and applied an inverse [Formula: see text]-filter formulation using synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms for the compensation of attenuating and dispersive media. A damping criterion concerning the reconstruction of the effective components for controlling noise amplification and the separation of the noise and signal in the synchrosqueezed wavelet domain is generated. The proposed method provides stable attenuation compensation without decreasing the seismic vertical and lateral resolution. The best property of the proposed method, unlike conventional inverse [Formula: see text]-filtering methods, is that it carries out amplitude compensation for the effective components located at some time samples in the time-frequency domain. The spectral reconstruction contributes to the reconstruction of the trace in the time domain and suppresses the ambient noise located at high frequencies at later times, especially suppressing the ambient noise within the main frequency band. It is not a noise-level-dependent method. We validated our approach with synthetic and real data. The comparison of the proposed method with the conventional stabilized inverse [Formula: see text]-filtering method is also carried out to illustrate the particular features of the proposed method. The examples demonstrate that our proposed method can effectively compensate for the amplitude attenuation by suppressing the ambient noise and further provide seismic images at high resolution while highlighting the effective details. Furthermore, it is a robust and easily tunable algorithm.
An iterative inversion method using transient electromagnetic data to predict water-filled caves during the excavation of a tunnel
Authors: Li Yan , Qi Taiyue , Lei Bo , Li Zongyang , Qian Wangping
Published: December 2018

The correct interpretation of full-space transient electromagnetic data has always constituted a critical safety problem during tunnel excavation projects. Targeting the interpretation of water-filled caves under narrow tunnel conditions, we have developed an iterative inversion method based on 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) forward calculations and a direction algorithm. In total, 125 groups of 3D FDTD forward calculation results are analyzed to identify the correlations between the response data and the geometric conditions of the cave. A direction algorithm is established based on the correlations, thereby increasing the iterative inversion convergence speed. Using the proposed iterative inversion method, the location and volume of the water-filled cave in front of the tunnel face are successfully inverted. Through an iterative program, the inversion results of simulations involving the detection of water-filled caves under tunnel conditions are accurately analyzed, and the relative error is less than 10%. The application of the iterative inversion method to the Mingyue Mountain Tunnel project suggests that this method is capable of interpreting the size of water-filled caves and it is valid for a narrow tunnel face with only a single available measurement point. The proposed iterative inversion method can be used alone or in combination with other detection techniques, thereby providing engineers with a better early warning system for detecting water-filled caves in tunnels.
What controls the initial peak of an air-gun source signature?
Authors: Watson Leighton M. , Werpers Jonatan , Dunham Eric M.
Published: December 2018

Seismic air guns are broadband sources that generate acoustic waves at many frequencies. The low-frequency waves can be used for imaging, whereas the high-frequency waves are attenuated and/or scattered before they can reflect from targets of interest in the subsurface. It is desirable to reduce the amplitude of the high-frequency acoustic waves because they are thought to be disruptive, and potentially damaging, to marine life and are not useful for geophysical purposes. The high-frequency acoustic waves are primarily associated with the initial expansion of the air-gun bubble and associated peak in the acoustic pressure time series, which is commonly referred to as the source signature of the air gun. We have developed a quasi-1D model of a seismic air gun coupled to a spherical bubble that accounts for gas dynamics and spatially variable depressurization inside the firing chamber to investigate controls on the initial peak of the source signature. The model is validated against data collected during field tests in Lake Seneca, New York. Simulations and field data show that the initial peak is primarily dependent on the operating pressure. A lower gun pressure results in a smaller peak amplitude and a slower rise time. The slope, the amplitude of the initial peak divided by the rise time, is used as a proxy for environmental impact and can decrease by as much as 50% when the air-gun pressure is reduced from 2000 to 1000 psi. The low frequencies are controlled by the total discharged mass, which is dependent upon the gun volume and pressure. Decreasing the operating pressure while simultaneously increasing the gun volume will reduce the high frequencies while maintaining the desirable low-frequency signals.
Managing the clinical encounter with patients with borderline personality disorder in a general psychiatry setting: key contributions from transference-focused psychotherapy
Authors: Lee Tennyson , Hersh Richard G.
Published: December 2018

This article describes how the core principles and techniques of transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) can be used in general psychiatry to help in the management of patients with borderline personality disorder (or other moderate to severe personality disorders). It focuses on: knowledge – appreciating how an understanding of object relations assists the clinician in assessment and treatment; attitude – developing a stance to manage the confusing and negative feelings that may arise in both clinician and patient; and skills – describing how use of TFP techniques (technical neutrality, analysing the transference and countertransference, and judicious use of interpretation) helps the clinician to continue thinking in the fraught clinical encounter. The structural (including contemporary object relations) and structured approach in TFP are exemplified in clinical vignettes.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this article you will be able to:

•

Apply an understanding of object relations theory to interactions with patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

•

Describe the use of the treatment contract and technical neutrality

•

Understand and better manage the countertransference in working with patients with BPD

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Initial Diagnostic Work-Up of Acute Leukemia: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsement of the College of American Pathologists and American Society of Hematology Guideline
Authors: de Haas Valérie , Ismaila Nofisat , Advani Anjali , Arber Daniel A. , Dabney Raetasha S. , Patel-Donnelly Dipti , Kitlas Elizabeth , Pieters Rob , Pui Ching-Hon , Sweet Kendra , Zhang Ling
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the American Society of Hematology (ASH) developed an evidence-based guideline on the initial diagnostic work-up of acute leukemia (AL). Because of the relevance of this topic to the ASCO membership, ASCO reviewed the guideline and applied a set of procedures and policies for endorsing clinical practice guidelines that have been developed by other professional organizations.

Methods

The CAP-ASH guideline on initial diagnostic work-up of AL was reviewed for developmental rigor by methodologists. Then, an ASCO Endorsement Expert Panel updated the literature search and reviewed the content and recommendations.

Results

The ASCO Expert Panel determined that the recommendations from the guideline, published in 2016, are clear, thorough, and based on the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO fully endorsed the CAP-ASH guideline on initial diagnostic work-up of AL and included some discussion points according to clinical practice and updated literature.

Conclusion

Twenty-seven guideline statements were reviewed. Some discussion points were included to better assess CNS involvement in leukemia and to provide novel insights into molecular diagnosis and potential markers for risk stratification and target therapy. These discussions are categorized into four sections: (1) initial diagnosis focusing on basic diagnostics and determination of risk parameters, (2) molecular markers and minimal residual disease detection, (3) context of referral to another institution with expertise in the management of AL, and (4) reporting and record keeping for better outlining and follow-up discussion. Additional information is available at: www.asco.org/hematologic-malignancies-guidelines .
Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients With Acute Leukemia In Cuba: Results From the Last 30 Years and New Opportunities Through International Collaboration
Authors: Carnot Uria José , Hernández Cruz Calixto , Muñío Perurena Jorge , Torres Yribar Wilfredo , Diego de la Campa Jesús , del Castillo Carrillo Concepción , Rodríguez Fraga Yusaima , López Silva Julio A. , Cepero Llauger Kali , Pardo Ramírez Ibis K. , García García Aliette , Sweiss Karen , Patel Pritesh R. , Rondelli Damiano
Published: December 2018

Blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) has been performed in Cuba for over 30 years with limited resources and without international relationships. Researchers from University of Illinois at Chicago and Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital (HAH) in Havana collaborated on retrospectively analyzing 101 consecutive patients with adult acute leukemia who received BMT at HAH from June 1986 to January 2016. Of these, 82 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 19 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). BMT eligibility criteria included prior morphologic complete remission, no severe comorbidities, and age between 16 and 60 years. Patients with an HLA-matched donor received an allogeneic BMT, whereas the others received an autologous BMT. All patients received fresh stem cells from marrow (80%) or mobilized peripheral blood (19%). Of 82 patients with AML, 35 received an allogeneic (AML-allo) and 47 an autologous (AML-auto) BMT. Both groups had comparable median age (37 years) and follow-up of survivors. Overall survival (OS) was 34% in AML-allo and 38% in AML-auto. The transplant-related mortality rate was 40% in AML-allo and 17% in AML-auto, whereas the relapse-related mortality rates were 25% and 40%, respectively. Of the 19 patients with ALL, six received an allogeneic transplant. Of these, transplant-related mortality occurred in one patient and three died after disease relapse (OS, 33%). Of 13 patients who received autologous transplants, transplant-related mortality occurred in three and six died after disease relapse (OS, 31%). To our knowledge, this is the first scientific report on BMT performed in patients with acute leukemia in Cuba. The collaboration between University of Illinois at Chicago and HAH will further develop capacity building in research and implementation of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in Cuba.
The influence of storage condition on nitrite, nitrate and vitamin C levels in vegetables
Authors: Cintya Henni , Silalahi Jansen , De Lux Putra Effendy , Siburian Rikson
Published: December 2018

Vegetables are the main sources of nitrate and nitrite in food. The presence of nitrate and nitrite at a high level may cause a negative impact on health, because nitrite and nitrate when reduced to nitrite, may react with alkylamine to form carcinogenic nitrosamine. The influence of temperature and time of storage on nitrite, nitrate, and vitamin C contents in vegetables were investigated in this study. The vegetables were sweet mustard, bokchoy, spinach and lettuce obtained from a local market. Samples were stored at ±25oC and ±5oC. Analysis of nitrite, nitrate, and vitamin C was conducted in fresh samples, after storage for 24 and 48 hours. Nitrite was analyzed by spectrophotometry at 540 nm. Nitrate reduced into nitrite with Zn in acidic conditions and then analyzed as nitrite. Vitamin C was analyzed by titration with 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol. During storage, nitrite and nitrate increased, while vitamin C decreased. Nitrite and nitrate content in fresh samples were 15.22 and 22.46 mg/kg (sweet mustard), 12.57 and 6.55 mg/kg (bokchoy), 20.26 and 90.60 mg/kg (spinach), 18.77 and 32.68 mg/kg (lettuce), respectively. Vitamin C content in fresh samples  was 101.15 mg/100g (mustard), 92.17 mg/100g (bokchoy), 88.95 mg/100g (spinach), 40.03 mg/100g (lettuce). After storage for 48 hours at ±25oC, nitrite and nitrate increased 44.97% and 53.19% (mustard), 46.18% and 62.59% (bokchoy), 43.86% and 16.48% (spinach), and 41.05% and 47.09% (lettuce), respectively. Vitamin C decreased 67.57% (mustard), 24.68% (bokchoy), 81.25% (spinach), and 79.74% (lettuce). Storage at ±5oC, showed that nitrite and nitrate increased 27.54% and 35.08% (mustard), 13.75% and 43.51% (bokchoy), 19.59% and 10.60% (spinach), 19.85% and 25.16% (lettuce), respectively. Vitamin C decreased 30.88% (mustard), 6.05% (bokchoy), 60.92% (spinach), and 74.94% (lettuce). During storage, nitrite and nitrate increased more significantly at ±25oC than  ±5oC while vitamin levels C decreased and were more effective at 25oC than 5oC.
ProbeSpec: batch specificity testing and visualization of oligonucleotide probe sets implemented in ARB
Authors: Kahlke Tim , Jumppanen Paavo , Westram Ralf , Abell Guy C.G. , Bodrossy Levente
Published: December 2018

High-throughput molecular methods such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and environmental microarrays are cost-effective methods for semi-quantitative assessment of bacterial community structure and the identification of specific target organisms. Both techniques rely on short nucleotide sequences, so-called oligonucleotide probes, which require high specificity to the organisms in question to avoid cross-hybridization with non-target taxa. However, designing oligonucleotide probes for novel taxa or marker genes that show sufficient phylogenetic sensitivity and specificity is often time- and labor-intensive, as each probe has to be in-silico tested for its specificity and sensitivity. Here we present ProbeSpec, to our knowledge the first batch sensitivity and specificity estimation and visualization tool for oligonucleotide probes integrated into the widely used ARB software. Using ProbeSpec’s interactive “mismatch threshold” and “clade marked threshold” we were able to reduce the development time of highly specific probes for a recently published environmental oligonucleotide microarray from several months to one week.
Controlled Human Malaria Infection in Semi-Immune Kenyan Adults (CHMI-SIKA): a study protocol to investigate in vivo Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite growth in the context of pre-existing immunity
Authors: Kapulu Melissa C. , Njuguna Patricia , Hamaluba Mainga M. ,   CHMI-SIKA Study Team
Published: December 2018

Malaria remains a major public health burden despite approval for implementation of a partially effective pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine. There is an urgent need to accelerate development of a more effective multi-stage vaccine. Adults in malaria endemic areas may have substantial immunity provided by responses to the blood stages of malaria parasites, but field trials conducted on several blood-stage vaccines have not shown high levels of efficacy.  We will use controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies with malaria-exposed volunteers to identify correlations between immune responses and parasite growth rates in vivo.  Immune responses more strongly associated with control of parasite growth should be prioritized to accelerate malaria vaccine development. We aim to recruit up to 200 healthy adult volunteers from areas of differing malaria transmission in Kenya, and after confirming their health status through clinical examination and routine haematology and biochemistry, we will comprehensively characterize immunity to malaria using >100 blood-stage antigens. We will administer 3,200 aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) by direct venous inoculation. Serial quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure parasite growth rate in vivo will be undertaken. Clinical and laboratory monitoring will be undertaken to ensure volunteer safety. In addition, we will also explore the perceptions and experiences of volunteers and other stakeholders in participating in a malaria volunteer infection study. Serum, plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and extracted DNA will be stored to allow a comprehensive assessment of adaptive and innate host immunity. We will use CHMI in semi-immune adult volunteers to relate parasite growth outcomes with antibody responses and other markers of host immunity.

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02739763.
Ideation and implementation of an open science drug discovery business model – M4K Pharma
Authors: Morgan Maxwell Robert , Roberts Owen Gwilym , Edwards Aled Morgan
Published: December 2018

M4K Pharma was incorporated to launch an open science drug discovery program that relies on regulatory exclusivity as its primary intellectual property and commercial asset, in lieu of patents.In many cases and in key markets, using regulatory exclusivity can provide equivalent commercial protection to patents, while also being compatible with open science. The model is proving attractive to government, foundation and individual funders, who collectively have different expectations for returns on investment compared with biotech, pharmaceutical companies, or venture capital investors.In the absence of these investor-driven requirements for returns, it should be possible to commercialize therapeutics at affordable prices.M4K is piloting this open science business model in a rare paediatric brain tumour, but there is no reason it should not be more widely applicable.
Educação empreendedora, experiência e John Dewey
Authors: Araujo Gracyanne Freire de , Davel Eduardo Paes Barreto
Published: December 2018

As pesquisas sobre educação empreendedora reconhecem a importância da experiência como um processo baseado na ação, na prática e na aprendizagem. Todavia, essas pesquisas desconsideram as teorias de experiência no campo da Educação. O objetivo deste artigo é fundamentar a educação empreendedora na teoria educacional de John Dewey que privilegia o conceito de experiência. Essa fundamentação enfoca o contexto do empreendedorismo cultural e se beneficia de uma pesquisa empírica realizada junto a estudantes de graduação em Administração da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Os resultados da pesquisa definem e discutem quatro dimensões-chave da experiência (dinamismo, reflexão, integração e liberdade) no processo de educação empreendedora. Dessa forma, a pesquisa contribui para aprimorar o registro teórico que orienta as pesquisas sobre educação empreendedora e, por conseguinte, fornece possibilidades de melhor qualificar educadores que se preocupam com a formação de futuros empreendedores.
Bulling is a psychotraumatic factor of the educational environment of the school
Authors: Цыпин Александр , Tsypin Alexandr
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of bullying in school. Bullying is considered as one of the types of violence. The article analyzes the foreign and domestic scientific approaches to the concept of "bulliig", considers its main forms and signs, as well as the psychological characteristics of bulls. In the course of the analysis of theoretical studies, the author came to the conclusion that bullying is a prolonged, repetitive, publicly aggressive violent behavior of a group of individuals or one individual against a person who is unable to defend himself and demonstrates his vulnerability due to destructive effects.
Femoral vascular complications following cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Williams Trent , Khan Arshad , Savage Lindsay , Condon Jeremy , Boyle Andrew J , Collins Nicholas , Inder Kerry J
Published: December 2018

Aim:

This study examines the factors associated with femoral vascular complications (FVCs) following cardiac catheterisation.

Methods:

In a study using a case control design, patients with an FVC (pseudoaneurysm or retroperitoneal bleed) were examined over 5 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations with FVCs. Results are reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Seventy-eight (0.65%) patients experienced FVCs (mean age: 65 years, sex: 50% female). Factors that increased the likelihood of experiencing FVC were being female (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.1), smoking (AOR 7.4, 95% CI 3.5–16), having diabetes mellitus (AOR 7.5, 95% CI 3.4–16), having hypertension (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–6.9), taking anticoagulant medication (AOR 16, 95% CI 5.5–45) having an elevated body mass index (AOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2) and the use of vascular closure devices (AOR 3.4, 95% CI 0.61–19). Use of a compression device reduced the likelihood of FVCs developing (AOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3–1.0).

Conclusion:

Sex, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and procedural factors remain important in developing FVCs.
ECG of the month
Authors: Richley Dave
Published: December 2018

Dave Richley presents an ECG for you to analyse
Assessing skin damage and prevention in elderly patients
Authors: Todd Marie
Published: December 2018

From dryness, tears, pressure ulcers to moisture-related damage, elderly skin requires more attention from health professionals. Marie Todd highlights these common skin problems and discusses the assessment skills and preventative measures to improve patient quality of life

Maintaining skin integrity in elderly patients is one of the core elements in all fields of nursing. It is important that nurses are able to identify and eliminate as far as possible the risk factors for poor skin health, which include cognitive impairment, comorbidity, and polypharmacy. Good practice involves being aware of skin problems that are likely to affect older people, and implementing robust preventative and management strategies to help reduce the incidence of skin problems. Dry skin, skin tears, moisture-related skin damage, and pressure ulcers are the most common skin problems experienced by older people. This article will highlight these issues and provide some measures practice nurses can implement and prescribe to help prevent and manage these skin problems.
The next steps in diabetes care for the UK: The White Paper
Authors: Phillips Anne
Published: December 2018

As diabetes prevalence in the UK continues to rise, primary care health professionals will need to be prepared to meet this demand. Anne Phillips, from the iDeal Advisory Group, explains how their new White Paper sets out plans to improve care pathways
How practice nurses can close the health inequality gap
Authors: Fredericks Caroline
Published: December 2018

People living with asthma will experience various symptoms, however, those living in poverty, deprived areas or with a low income may experience them more severely. Caroline Fredericks from Asthma UK outlines the effects of health inequality in asthma and how nurses can help
The Care Quality Commission's state of care report
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: December 2018

The Care Quality Commission's state of health and adult social care in England report found that general practices maintained good quality care from last year. Understanding what the report found is essential for nurses in order to continue this trend in their practice

The Care Quality Commission's state of care 2017/18 report reviews the performance of more than 31 000 healthcare providers, 22% of which are GP services. Despite the range of difficulties experienced by the sector, the regulator found that good quality care has broadly been maintained, and, in some cases, improved. GP services were found to have the highest overall proportion of ‘good’ and ‘outstanding’ services (96%) of the four professional groups reviewed. The report explored various factors that the sustainability of good quality care depends on. These range from access to care, quality management, capacity and commissioning to workforce management, recruitment and retention. The regulator is clear that the performance of individual providers must be supplemented by successful collaboration, enabling providers to work together to provide joined-up care for service users.
Using cognitive behavioural therapy techniques in COPD
Authors: Heslop-Marshall Karen
Published: December 2018

It is estimated that by 2020 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is likely to become the fourth leading cause of death. People living with this condition may experience symptoms that can be managed with cognitive behavioural therapy, says Karen Heslop-Marshall

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term oftened used to describe two lung conditions in particular: chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. Patients with COPD often experience symptoms of breathlessness, anxiety, panic and depression, and practice nurses are ideally placed to address these symptoms. This article looks at the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques in symptom management, describes methods to assess the psychological impact of breathlessness, and outlines common techniques evaluated in a COPD CBT study by Heslop-Marshall et al (2018) . Research found that respiratory nurses were able to learn and deliver CBT techniques to patients with COPD and improved their symptoms of anxiety, depression, quality of life and reduced their use of healthcare resources. Self-management in primary care can be improved with CBT skills and practice nurses could improve self-management by incorporating CBT techniques.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Winter George
Published: December 2018

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Ética de la investigación y la creación
Authors: Gómez Moreno Pedro Pablo
Published: December 2018

El año pasado, debimos enfrentar la triste noticia para Calle14 de no haber logrado la clasificación en el Index Bibliográfico Nacional IBN Publindex. A pesar de contar con varias indexaciones internacionales esta noticia nos llevó a hacer una revisión de nuestras políticas y prácticas editoriales, de la cual informamos oportunamente a nuestros lectores. En ese proceso, y preocupados con nuestros autores, quienes habían enviado sus artículos con anteriodidad, cuando contábamos con la clasificación en categoría C, nos dispusimos a preguntar a cada uno de ellos si mantenía su postulación, teniendo en cuenta la nueva realidad de la revista. Esto debido a que el reconocimiento salarial, que obtinen los docentes de carrera en Colombia por la producción académica de artículos, depende directamente de la categoría en la que esté clasificada la revista en la que publican sus trabajos. Para sorpresa nuestra, todos los autores a quienes preguntamos decidieron mantener sus artículos aprobados para ser publicados en los siguientes números de Calle14.