bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron diffraction unveils the 2D metal-radical framework of two molecule-based magnets
Authors: Yörük Emre , Lecourt Constance , Housset Dominique , Izumi Yuuta , Ling Wai Li , Kodjikian Stéphanie , Tretyakov Evgeny , Inoue Katsuya , Maryunina Kseniya , Desroches Cédric , Klein Holger , Luneau Dominique
Published: November 2024

Electron crystallography reveals the crystal structures of two metal-radical coordination frameworks with field-induced metamagnetic transition and gives impetus to the research on molecule-based magnets.
A Comparative Study of Auditory Processing and Working Memory Profiles in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Ramadas Vaishnavi , Vaidyanath Ramya , Uppunda Ajith Kumar , Viswanathan Sushma
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to profile and compare the auditory processing and working memory skills of young and older adults with near-normal hearing thresholds (up to 2000 Hz) and cognition. This was done to investigate the effect of aging on these skills despite exhibiting near-normal peripheral hearing in low frequencies and normal cognitive skills.

Method:

Twenty-five young adults (18 to 35 years) and 35 older adults (56 to 79 years) were recruited for the study. They were screened for near-normal hearing thresholds (up to 2000 Hz) as well as cognition, and written informed consent was obtained. A battery of auditory processing and working memory tests were administered to the participants. The responses obtained were compared using the Mann–Whitney
U
test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also carried out to examine any relationship between the various auditory processes and the cognitive skills.

Results:

The young adults had superior performance compared to older adults on most of the tasks. PCA revealed the influence of working memory on performance in most tests of auditory processing in young adults and to a lesser extent in older adults.

Conclusions:

This study aimed to assess and compare the auditory processing and working memory skills of young and older adults with normal hearing and cognition. Overall, young adults demonstrated superior performance compared to older adults across the tasks. The results of PCA indicated that the young adults utilized their cognitive resources better for auditory processing compared to the older adults. These findings suggest a need for tailored interventions targeting both auditory processing and working memory, especially among older adults, and highlight the importance of considering age-related differences in these cognitive processes when interpreting auditory processing assessments.
The Current State of the Literature on Dual-Task Performance Across Multiple Domains in Individuals With Chronic Poststroke Aphasia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dawson Nicole , Bislick Lauren , Suarez Lara
Published: November 2024

Background:

Understanding the impact that poststroke aphasia has on dual-task performance across multiple domains of function may inform the development of effective interventions. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify (a) the main theoretical frameworks used to explain dual-task performance deficits in individuals with poststroke aphasia; (b) the domains of function measured and the assessments used; (c) interventions aimed to improve dual-task performance; and, finally, (d) gaps that exist in the current body of literature regarding dual-task in persons with aphasia.

Method:

A search of Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, PsycINFO, Communication & Mass Media Complete, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken to identify publications on the topic. Articles were included in the review if they (a) were written in English, (b) included individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia, (c) included measures of dual-task performance, and/or (d) consisted of a theoretical narrative with a focus on dual task in persons with aphasia.

Results:

Following the full-text screening, a total of 17 studies were in included for synthesis. Fourteen articles focused on dual-task experimental studies; one study consisted of a dual-task intervention; and two papers proposed a theory, framework, or schema to explain dual-task performance.

Conclusion:

Gaps were identified in the literature, as well as differences in the methodology employed across studies, highlighting the need for consistency across experimental tasks and further examination across domains.
Inferring Word Class and Meaning From Spoken and Written Texts: A Comparison of Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Pomper Ron , Eden Nichole , Appenzeller Margo , Arbisi-Kelm Timothy , Polese Elaina , Reed Deborah K.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to determine the ability of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) to infer word class and meaning from text and to document variations by word class (noun, verb, adjective) and modality (listening, reading). We also asked whether the children could integrate global cues across the entire passage as well as local cues from the immediate sentence frame to support inferences.

Method:

Fourth graders with DLD (
n
= 28) and typical language development (TLD;
n
= 41) read and listened to expository texts and guessed the noun, verb, and adjective removed from each. Adults (
n
= 20) completed the task to establish a baseline of correct responses. We used latent semantic analysis (LSA) to determine the semantic fit of the responses to the texts and to determine whether global cues were more difficult for children with DLD than local cues.

Results:

The DLD group was 24% less accurate than the TLD group. In both diagnostic groups, accuracy varied by word class (nouns > adjectives > verbs) but not modality (reading = listening). Word class errors were rare, and errors of semantic fit were frequent. LSA cosines were higher for correct responses relative to the passage as a whole than the immediate sentence frame, suggesting that both groups mined the more extensive information in the global cues to support inferences. Compared to the TLD group, the DLD group tended to make “worse” errors: repeating words from the sentence frame or coming up with no response at all. Accuracy in the DLD group, but not the TLD group, was related to vocabulary knowledge. When the two groups were collapsed, scores on verbal short-term/working memory and sustained attention also predicted performance, but weaknesses in these aspects of executive function on the part of individuals with DLD did not fully explain the difference between the performance of the DLD and TLD groups.

Conclusions:

Whether listening or reading, fourth graders with DLD are less able to infer word meaning from texts than their age-mates. The problem reflects, in part, deficits in executive function and lexical semantic knowledge.
Estimating occupational exposure in interventional radiology through Air Kerma Area Product - calculation of Effective Dose conversion factors
Authors: Guassu RAC , Seraphim DM , Alvarez M , Mascarenhas YM , Magon MFA , Nicolucci P , Pina DP
Published: November 2024

During interventional radiology procedures, interventionists are positioned close to the patient and directly exposed to ionizing radiation. This study presents a methodology to estimate the effective dose of interventionists through Air Kerma Area Product (PKA) in three interventional procedure modalities: coronary, cerebral, and peripheral. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters were used in several body regions (thyroid, eye lens, abdomen, feet, and hands) to assess equivalent doses and to convert external to internal doses – leading to effective doses related to each modality. These effective doses were then correlated to the total PKA given by the equipment. Thus, an effective dose estimate factor was calculated to represent the conversion between equipment parameters and the effective dose obtained from dosimeters, resulting in a novel methodology. The agreement between the methods was in the range of ± 0.13 μSv for angiographies and -8.3 to 5.3 μSv for angioplasties. These findings underscore the reliability of PKA as a predictor of effective dose, facilitating a rapid and precise assessment of occupational exposure in IR. This novel approach has the potential to enhance radiation safety protocols and optimize protection strategies for IR professionals, ensuring more accurate monitoring and control of radiation exposure in clinical settings.
Warum es nur gemeinsam geht!
Authors: Lukuc Sarah
Published: November 2024

Der Pflegeberuf wird immer professioneller. Leider ist das Pflegemanagement nicht ständig Mitglied der Unternehmensleitung. Lesen Sie im Kommentar, warum Kliniken nur mit einer interdisziplinären Führungsstruktur aus Verwaltung – Medizin – Pflege langfristig profitabel und auf hohem Niveau agieren können.
Zwischen Macht und Verantwortung
Authors: Netzel Janine
Published: November 2024

Dank der sozialpsychologischen Forschung wissen wir um die korrumpierenden Effekte von Macht auf
Führungskräfte und welche zentralen Stellschrauben es für gute Führung im Gesundheitswesen gibt. Erfahren
Sie, ob Sie noch Macht ausüben oder schon führen ...
Safety of intrabiliary radiofrequency ablation in cases of residual and recurrent neoplasia after endoscopic papillectomy
Authors: Dahel Yanis , Caillol Fabrice , Ratone Jean-Philippe , Zemmour Christophe , Palen Anais , Garnier Jonathan , Ewald Jacques , Turrini Olivier , Hoibian Solene , Giovannini Marc
Published: November 2024

Intrabiliary radiofrequency ablation (IB-RFA) is a therapeutic option for cases of
positive margin or recurrence after endoscopic papillectomy (EP) for superficial neoplasia.
We report our experience concerning safety and efficiency of IB-RFA.

This was a single tertiary center retrospective study. All patients who underwent IB-RFA
indicated for residual or recurrent neoplasia after EP were included. We assessed morbidity
(<30 days) and late complications (>30 days). Secondary outcomes were clinical success
and late recurrence (absence of recurrence at the papillectomy site 12 months after IB-RFA
and recurrence beyond 12 months, respectively).

Twenty-five patients were included and underwent IB-RFA for deep positive margins
(20/25, 80%) or relapse (5/25, 20%) and 40 sessions were delivered. The morbidity rate was
8% (2/24) (1 pancreatitis, 1 bleeding). Acute pancreatitis was significantly more common in
the absence of pancreatic stenting (0% vs. 22%, P=0.046). One
patient for whom pancreatic stenting failed died from acute severe pancreatitis in the first
month (mortality rate=4%). Late complications occurred in 12 of 24 patients (50%) concerning
only biliary stricture, all of which were managed endoscopically without sequelae. The
clinical success rate was 92% (22/24), and late recurrence occurred in two of 24 patients
(8%).

IB-RFA is relatively safe and efficient in cases of residual or recurrent neoplasia after EP and is an alternative to surgery in well-selected cases. Biliary stricture occurred frequently (50%) but could be managed endoscopically without sequelae in all cases. In cases of pancreatic stenting failure and because of the risk of severe and potentially lethal acute pancreatitis, IB-RFA should be postponed.
Biliary Complications after Liver Transplant: Imaging Review and Minimally Invasive Management
Authors: Jain Rishabh , Kumar Abhinandan , Sasturkar Shridhar Vasantrao , Mukund Amar
Published: November 2024

With the advent of living donor liver transplant, the waiting list mortality of patients needing liver transplant has decreased. However, increased morbidity is observed, including higher rates of biliary complications (BCs). Strictures and postoperative leaks constitute the majority of the BCs. Various factors such as multiple biliary ducts anastomosis and small caliber ducts in the bile ducts increase the risk of biliary strictures. The lack of biliary dilation in the graft livers after liver transplant makes the recognition of biliary complications challenging and the diagnosis relies on abnormal liver function tests. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography provides a valuable means to assess the biliary anatomy prior to interventions by showing the level of stricture. While endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is considered the first modality to treat biliary strictures, those patients with proximal strictures and those with complex biliary anatomy with acute angulations between the donor and the recipient show poor response to endoscopic interventions. In such patients, percutaneous biliary interventions have success rates between 70 and 90%. Novel percutaneous biliary intervention techniques such as cholangioscopy-assisted laser incision and magnetic compression anastomosis are used to navigate difficult biliary strictures. Recently, biodegradable stents have been used to treat recalcitrant biliary strictures. In this review, we present the imaging features of common biliary complications following liver transplant and percutaneous biliary interventions in managing these complications.
Second-sound absorption and dissipative processes in superfluid He3–He4 solutions
Authors: Dikina L. S. , Kotenev G. Ya. , Rudavskii É. Ya.
Published: November 2024

Second-sound absorption was measured in superfluid He3–He4 solutions with an He3 content up to 10% over the temperature range 1.3–2.0 °K. The experimental data obtained were analyzed within the framework of hydrodynamic theory. It is shown that in weak solutions, just as in He4, the major contribution to second-sound absorption is produced by thermal conductivity. With increase in concentration its effect becomes smaller than that of first viscosity and diffusion.
On a thermoinertial mechanism for plasticity enhancement in metals during the transition from the normal to the superconducting state
Authors: Landau A. I.
Published: November 2024

A method is proposed for taking account of the influence of the inertial properties of dislocations on the velocity of their thermally activated motion. This method is based on a statistical examination of the thermally activated motion of the dislocations through a random mesh of point obstacles. It is shown that the mean free path λ− of the dislocations after each act of thermal activation is not always equal to the mean spacing λ0¯ between adjacent obstacles and in the general case λ¯=λ¯(σ)≥λ¯0 Upon including the inertial properties of the dislocations, the ratio γ between the dynamic value of the angle at the beginning of each dislocation segment and the corresponding static value of this angle becomes greater than unity. Then it should be that λ¯=λ¯γ3/2σ. The change in the strain rate during the transition from the N- into the S -state, which occurs because of the effect of the thermoinertial mechanism, equals ϵ˙s/ϵ˙N=λ¯γs3/2σ/λ¯γN3/2σ and can reach several orders of magnitude.
Pinning center distribution statistics and current-voltage characteristics of superconductors in the mixed state
Authors: Krasnov Yu. K. , Matyushkina L. V. , Shukhman V. A.
Published: November 2024

It is shown how the form of the current-voltage characteristics of type-II superconductors in the mixed state can be related to the distribution of centers with respect to their interaction forces with vortices. The method of reconstructing the parameters of this distribution is demonstrated in an example of experimental results obtained on specimens of an In + 2.5 at.%Bi alloy. It is shown that the parameters are reproduced to within several percent accuracy, while the current-voltage characteristics can be described to an accuracy within the limits of the recording accuracy.
Size effect of carrier heating in bismuth films
Authors: Vendik I. B. , Pogosyan A. S. , Sitnikova M. F.
Published: November 2024

The size effect in the heating of the electron gas in bismuth films is considered. It is shown that in the range of thicknesses in which the classical size effect appears in the film conductivity the heating size effect does not vanish even in the absence of inelastic surface scattering mechanisms. We experimentally studied the thickness dependence of the nonohmic coefficient of bismuth films with a thickness of 1200−3400 Å at T = 300 and 78 °K. The calculated and experimental results are in satisfactory agreement when the relative rate of electron energy loss at the surface is ξ = 3·104 at T = 300 °K and 4·10−3 at 78 °K.
Spike-like transport sound pulses in metals in the vicinity of acoustic cyclotron resonance
Authors: Bogachek É. N. , Rozhavskii A. S. , Shekhter R. I.
Published: November 2024

The electron mechanism for the transport of sound pulses in metals is investigated, involving the formation of a dynamic spike-like pattern in the vicinity of acoustic cyclotron resonance. It is shown that as a consequence of the strong nonmonotonic renormalization of the velocity of sound, when the condition ω0τ≫k0R≫1 is satisfied (ω0 is the sound frequency, k0 is the wave vector of the sound, τ is the relaxation time, and R is the cyclotron radius), the spikes of the sound field are found to be comparable with the magnitude of the main signal, but their amplitude falls slowly with spatial separation from the moving sound pulse. The amplitudes of the earlier and later sound pulses, and also their attenuation are determined by the local value of the deformation potential at the point of effective interaction with the sound.
Electronic structure of vanadium
Authors: Veprev A. G. , Shirokovskii V. P. , Shilkova N. A.
Published: November 2024

In the model potential scheme, the electron energy spectrum, density of states, and the optical density of states of vanadium are calculated. Good agreement with the experimental data from x-ray and optical spectra is obtained. Some Fermi surface cross sections are studied in detail. The cross-sectional areas and the cyclotron masses of a number of extremal orbits are calculated. From a comparison with experiment, the constants of electron–phonon interaction, averaged over the orbits, are determined. The problem of choice of model is discussed.
Quantum and classical descriptions of weakly-bound magnon states in a ferromagnetic chain
Authors: Ivanov B. A. , Kosevich A. M. , Manzhos I. V.
Published: November 2024

We study the spatially localized excited states of a Heisenberg chain with the “easy plane” type of anisotropy. A classical description of this system is given in terms of the magnetization density. Magnetic solitons are shown to exist in the system, and can be quantized quasiclassically. Although the number of spin deviations in the system is not conserved, the quasiclassical expression for the soliton energy reduces to the expression for the energy of a bound state of a large number of magnons. Consequently, the well known result that from a quantum-mechanical point of view classical-field solitons are the bound state of a large number of magnons of this field can be generalized to systems where the number or particles is not conserved.
A possible magnetic structure for β-oxygen
Authors: Loktev V. M.
Published: November 2024

On the basis of analysis of thermal and magnetic properties of the β-phase of solid oxygen a magnetic structure is proposed, constituting a three-sublattice noncollinear antiferromangetic.
Superfluid flow induced by crossed electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Ginzburg V. L.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the appearance of a flow of the superfluid portion of a liquid under the action of crossed electric and magnetic fields is produced by the Abraham force. The latter is calculated within the framework of macroscopic electrodynamics without use of model representations.
High-performance and fabrication-tolerant edge coupler on thin film lithium niobate based on a three-dimensional inverse taper
Authors: Chen Bin , Ruan Ziliang , Wang Mai , Gong Shengqi , Liu Liu
Published: November 2024

Thin film lithium niobate has been widely considered as a promising photonic integration platform. However, due to the non-vertical sidewall of lithium niobate etching, it is challenging to design an efficient fiber coupler for the submicron-sized lithium niobate waveguide. Here, a high-performance edge coupler to a cleaved fiber is introduced on the thin film lithium niobate platform using a sharp three-dimensional taper. The proposed taper structure, which ensures a nearly adiabatical transition of both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes, is formed by two standard patterning steps for lithium niobate. A silica ridge waveguide is used as the intermediate transition structure between the taper and a high-numerical-aperture fiber. The simulated coupling losses are as low as −0.1 dB per facet, while the experimental mean values reach −0.29 and −0.24 dB for TE and TM modes, respectively. The coupling spectra exhibit a flat wavelength response, which almost coincides for both polarizations. The 0.5-dB coupling bandwidth is beyond 180 nm. Within this bandwidth, the worst coupling losses are −0.61 and −0.56 dB for TE and TM modes, respectively, and the polarization-dependent loss is below 0.17 dB. The present edge coupler also exhibits a good fabrication tolerance, and its fabrication can also facilitate wafer-scale processing without wafer dicing and end-facet polishing.
Structural basis of chiral wrap and T-segment capture by
Escherichia coli
DNA gyrase
Authors: Michalczyk Elizabeth , Pakosz-Stępień Zuzanna , Liston Jonathon D. , Gittins Olivia , Pabis Marta , Heddle Jonathan G. , Ghilarov Dmitry
Published: November 2024

Type II topoisomerase DNA gyrase transduces the energy of ATP hydrolysis into the negative supercoiling of DNA. The postulated catalytic mechanism involves stabilization of a chiral DNA loop followed by the passage of the T-segment through the temporarily cleaved G-segment resulting in sign inversion. The molecular basis for this is poorly understood as the chiral loop has never been directly observed. We have obtained high-resolution cryoEM structures of
Escherichia coli
gyrase with chirally wrapped 217 bp DNA with and without the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin (MFX). Each structure constrains a positively supercoiled figure-of-eight DNA loop stabilized by a GyrA β-pinwheel domain which has the structure of a flat disc. By comparing the catalytic site of the native drug-free and MFX-bound gyrase structures both of which contain a single metal ion, we demonstrate that the enzyme is observed in a native precatalytic state. Our data imply that T-segment trapping is not dependent on the dimerization of the ATPase domains which appears to only be possible after strand passage has taken place.
ER-tethered stress sensor CREBH regulates mitochondrial unfolded protein response to maintain energy homeostasis
Authors: Kim Hyunbae , Chen Qi , Ju Donghong , Purandare Neeraja , Chen Xuequn , Samavati Lobelia , Li Li , Zhang Ren , Grossman Lawrence I. , Zhang Kezhong
Published: November 2024

The Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPR
mt
), a mitochondria-originated stress response to altered mitochondrial proteostasis, plays important roles in various pathophysiological processes. In this study, we revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-tethered stress sensor CREBH regulates UPR
mt
to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and function in the liver. CREBH is enriched in and required for hepatic Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM) expansion induced by energy demands. Under a fasting challenge or during the circadian cycle, CREBH is activated to promote expression of the genes encoding the key enzymes, chaperones, and regulators of UPR
mt
in the liver. Activated CREBH, cooperating with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), activates expression of Activating Transcription Factor (ATF) 5 and ATF4, two major UPR
mt
transcriptional regulators, independent of the ER-originated UPR (UPR
ER
) pathways. Hepatic CREBH deficiency leads to accumulation of mitochondrial unfolded proteins, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated cellular redox state. Dysregulation of mitochondrial function caused by CREBH deficiency coincides with increased hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but decreased glycolysis. CREBH knockout mice display defects in fatty acid oxidation and increased reliance on carbohydrate oxidation for energy production. In summary, our studies uncover that hepatic UPR
mt
is activated through CREBH under physiological challenges, highlighting a molecular link between ER and mitochondria in maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis and energy homeostasis under stress conditions.
Global emergence of regional heatwave hotspots outpaces climate model simulations
Authors: Kornhuber Kai , Bartusek Samuel , Seager Richard , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim , Ting Mingfang
Published: November 2024

Multiple recent record-shattering weather events raise questions about the adequacy of climate models to effectively predict and prepare for unprecedented climate impacts on human life, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Here, we show that extreme heat in several regions globally is increasing significantly and faster in magnitude than what state-of-the-art climate models have predicted under present warming even after accounting for their regional summer background warming. Across all global land area, models underestimate positive trends exceeding 0.5 °C per decade in widening of the upper tail of extreme surface temperature distributions by a factor of four compared to reanalysis data and exhibit a lower fraction of significantly increasing trends overall. To a lesser degree, models also underestimate observed strong trends of contraction of the upper tails in some areas, while moderate trends are well reproduced in a global perspective. Our results highlight the need to better understand and model the drivers of extreme heat and to rapidly mitigate greenhouse gas emissions to avoid further harm from unexpected weather events.
The HUSH epigenetic repressor complex silences PML nuclear body-associated HSV-1 quiescent genomes
Authors: Roubille Simon , Escure Tristan , Juillard Franceline , Corpet Armelle , Néplaz Rémi , Binda Olivier , Seurre Coline , Gonin Mathilde , Bloor Stuart , Cohen Camille , Texier Pascale , Haigh Oscar , Pascual Olivier , Ganor Yonatan , Magdinier Frédérique , Labetoulle Marc , Lehner Paul J. , Lomonte Patrick
Published: November 2024

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) latently infected neurons display diverse patterns in the distribution of the viral genomes within the nucleus. A key pattern involves quiescent HSV-1 genomes sequestered in promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs) forming viral DNA-containing PML-NBs (vDCP NBs). Using a cellular model that replicates vDCP NB formation, we previously demonstrated that these viral genomes are chromatinized with the H3.3 histone variant modified on its lysine 9 by trimethylation (H3.3K9me3), a mark associated with transcriptional repression. Here, we identify the HUSH complex and its effectors, SETDB1 and MORC2, as crucial for the acquisition of H3K9me3 on PML NB-associated HSV-1 and the maintenance of HSV-1 transcriptional repression. ChIP-seq analyses show H3K9me3 association with the entire viral genome. Inactivating the HUSH–SETDB1–MORC2 complex before infection significantly reduces H3K9me3 on the viral genome, with minimal impact on the cellular genome, aside from expected changes in LINE-1 retroelements. Depletion of HUSH, SETDB1, or MORC2 alleviates HSV-1 repression in infected primary human fibroblasts and human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived sensory neurons (hiPSDN). We found that the viral protein ICP0 induces MORC2 degradation via the proteasome machinery. This process is concurrent with ICP0 and MORC2 depletion capability to reactivate silenced HSV-1 in hiPSDN. Overall, our findings underscore the robust antiviral function of the HUSH–SETDB1–MORC2 repressor complex against a herpesvirus by modulating chromatin marks linked to repression, thus presenting promising avenues for anti-herpesvirus therapeutic strategies.
The fork protection complex generates DNA topological stress–induced DNA damage while ensuring full and faithful genome duplication
Authors: Keszthelyi Andrea , Mansoubi Sahar , Whale Alex , Houseley Jonathan , Baxter Jonathan
Published: November 2024

The fork protection complex (FPC), composed of Mrc1, Tof1, and Csm3, supports rapid and stable DNA replication. Here, we show that FPC activity also introduces DNA damage by increasing DNA topological stress during replication. Mrc1 action increases DNA topological stress during plasmid replication, while Mrc1 or Tof1 activity causes replication stress and DNA damage within topologically constrained regions. We show that the recruitment of Top1 to the fork by Tof1 suppresses the DNA damage generated in these loci. While FPC activity introduces some DNA damage due to increased topological stress, the FPC is also necessary to prevent DNA damage in long replicons across the genome, indicating that the FPC is required for complete and faithful genome duplication. We conclude that FPC regulation must balance ensuring full genome duplication through rapid replication with minimizing the consequential DNA topological stress–induced DNA damage caused by rapid replication through constrained regions.
PGC-1α drives small cell neuroendocrine cancer progression toward an ASCL1-expressing subtype with increased mitochondrial capacity
Authors: Varuzhanyan Grigor , Chen Chia-Chun , Freeland Jack , He Tian , Tran Wendy , Song Kai , Wang Liang , Cheng Donghui , Xu Shili , Dibernardo Gabriella A. , Esedebe Favour N. , Bhatia Vipul , Han Mingqi , Abt Evan R. , Park Jung Wook , Memarzadeh Sanaz , Shackelford David B. , Lee John K. , Graeber Thomas G. , Shirihai Orian S. , Witte Owen N.
Published: November 2024

Adenocarcinomas from multiple tissues can converge to treatment-resistant small cell neuroendocrine (SCN) cancers composed of ASCL1, POU2F3, NEUROD1, and YAP1 subtypes. We investigated how mitochondrial metabolism influences SCN cancer (SCNC) progression. Extensive bioinformatics analyses encompassing thousands of patient tumors and human cancer cell lines uncovered enhanced expression of proliferator-activatedreceptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a potent regulator of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), across several SCNCs. PGC-1α correlated tightly with increased expression of the lineage marker Achaete-scute homolog 1, (ASCL1) through a positive feedback mechanism. Analyses using a human prostate tissue-based SCN transformation system showed that the ASCL1 subtype has heightened PGC-1α expression and OXPHOS activity. PGC-1α inhibition diminished OXPHOS, reduced SCNC cell proliferation, and blocked SCN prostate tumor formation. Conversely, PGC-1α overexpression enhanced OXPHOS, validated by small-animal Positron Emission Tomography mitochondrial imaging, tripled the SCN prostate tumor formation rate, and promoted commitment to the ASCL1 lineage. These results establish PGC-1α as a driver of SCNC progression and subtype determination, highlighting metabolic vulnerabilities in SCNCs across different tissues.
From Indien to Autochtone
Authors: Elchacar Mireille
Published: November 2024

Over the last few years, the native peoples of Quebec have begun rejecting the general designations
Indiens and Amérindiens widely used until recently to refer to them. Since the early 2000s,
several events (such as the Idle No More movement and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission) have brought the sociopolitical
issues of First Nations to the forefront in Quebec and Canada. Since these tipping points, as part of an empowerment process,
indigenous peoples have expressed a preference for the general denominations autochtones and Membres des
Premières Nations. The choice of a denomination stems from an attempt to acquire symbolic capital by the dominated
groups. This paper offers a linguistic contribution to the understanding of this phenomenon by studying the evolution of
denominations through various corpuses: legal texts, history textbooks, dictionaries, and the written press.
Unveiling the Potential of Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm in Streamflow Projection
Authors: Vogeti Rishith Kumar , Jauhari Rahul , Mishra Bhavesh Rahul , Pandey Pratyush
Published: November 2024

The present study aims to analyze the potential of a hybrid deep learning algorithm, GRU-RNN-LSTM, for mimicking streamflow and is evaluated using Kling Gupta Efficiency. The case study chosen was the Lower Godavari Basin. Grid search tuning was conducted for the chosen algorithm. GRU-RNN-LSTM has shown a good performance having Kling Gupta Efficiency values of 0.785, and 0.77 in training and testing segments respectively, and is further utilized for streamflow projection by making use of scenario, Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585 (SSP585). The highest, Lowest, and Average streamflows expected are 2624 m3/s, 599.03 m3/s, and 703.36 m3/s respectively. These projections could assist water resources planners in initiating long-term measures.
Enhancing sustainability through GIS mapping for groundwater quality analysis
Authors: Prasad Surisetti Vamsi Harischandra , Tanuku Srinivas
Published: November 2024

The current study attempts to develop sustainability by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology by examining groundwater quality in Rajahmundry by dividing the region into 1 km × 1 km grids, resulting in 45 different areas. The grids are thoroughly dispersed, and groundwater samples have been collected from a variety of sources, including open wells, hand pumps, and bore wells, in each grid in order to assess water quality. The evaluation includes a physico-chemical parameter namely, pH, total alkalinity, TDS, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, nitrates, and sulphates. The purpose of this study is to create a map of the spatial distribution of these groundwater qualities using GIS in order to obtain a general understanding of the current state of the entire valorisation of groundwater resources. The current approach is novel in that it not only allows detecting the issues affecting water quality but also enables developing specific approaches for the sustainable management and protection of groundwater in Rajahmundry. Overall, through GIS mapping and conclusive water quality assessment, the study provides a significant input into the field of environmental science in terms of enhancing water sustainability practices.
Nanoscale thermal effects induce the evolution of electric transport of Nb bridges
Authors: Zhang Haohui , Liu Wenqian , Xin Jiawei , Liu Peng , Liu Daqian , Zhang Wenzhi , Chen Enhua , Zhang Chaoyun , Li Shangqing , Wang Xiaoliang , Ma Ruizhe , Wu Yao , Zhou Han , Huang Yicong , Lin Jianxin
Published: November 2024

We report the evolution of electric transport of Nb bridges based on nanoscale thermal effects created by nanolaser direct writing (NLDW) on Nb films. The laser–Nb-film interaction was investigated experimentally and by simulation. We demonstrate laser parameters such as irradiation power and interaction time to manipulate the electric transport of Nb bridges, such as the critical current and transition temperature, via simulation, which align with the electron probe microanalyzer results. Based on the optimized laser parameters, we realize the continual changes in current–voltage characteristics via increasing irradiation power. Furthermore, Nb bridges after laser irradiation show the oscillations of the critical current when we apply the coil current under a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the Nb bridges, which is similar to the Fraunhofer pattern in a Josephson junction under a magnetic field. In this case, NLDW shows the potential to manipulate electrical performances, which could be used to trim tri-layer junctions, tune shunt resistors, adjust critical currents or even induce a Josephson junction in situ by further shrinking of the laser spot.
Fractional-order long short-term memory network for forecasting of solar irradiance
Authors: Ramadevi Bhukya , Dhaifina Zafirah Nur , Bingi Kishore , Omar Madiah , Rajanarayan Prusty B
Published: November 2024

The unpredictable nature of solar energy presents a significant obstacle to its effective incorporation into current grid systems. Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is a critical factor in solar energy technology, as it directly influences the effectiveness of photovoltaic systems and solar thermal plants. Precise GHI forecasts are essential for this challenge and facilitate prompt and efficient involvement in the energy market. However, traditional neural network models often struggle to accurately predict GHI due to their time series data’s nonlinear and nonstationary nature. Thus, this research proposes fractional-order LSTM (FOLSTM) models by accurately incorporating the fractional activation functions to predict GHI using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory data. The fractional activation functions, including sigmoid, tanh, and rectified linear units, have been developed using the fractional derivatives. The performance of FOLSTM models will be compared with the conventional LSTM models during training, testing, and validation in mean square errors and R-squared values. The results demonstrate the proposed FOLSTM models’ effectiveness compared to conventional networks.
Adapting Simulations to Different Settings
Authors: Tan Kevin , Ostler Terry
Published: November 2024

This chapter describes how simulations were adapted to four different settings, the challenges faced, and what was learned from experience. The four settings included two classes for undergraduate students, one on individuals with disability and one on death and dying; online live simulations for students at the master of social work level specializing in school social work; and a collaboration with academic librarians and staff at the University of Washington and University of Illinois libraries training to help academic librarians understand and address issues surrounding mental illness in academic library settings. Challenges discussed included language use, potential for stereotyping experience, difficulties in addressing anger in a patron, and helping students who were reluctant to engage. The chapter emphasizes the importance of reflection and scaffolding for facilitating difficult discussions about diversity, equity, inclusion, and social injustices.
Simulations in Teaching Interprofessional Collaboration to Address Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Liechty Janet M , Hampton-Campbell Sharva
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the integration of simulation and interprofessional education to address social determinants of health (SDOH) in healthcare and with community partners. The chapter emphasizes the need to train social work and other health professions students and disciplines together to address social–structural determinants of health and to incorporate these efforts into the routine delivery of team-based healthcare and social care to improve health equity. The careful use of immersive poverty simulations to teach about SDOH builds empathy and greater understanding of how financial challenges influence health outcomes. Interprofessional education simulations enhance teamwork and recognition of patient perspectives and clarify roles across health professions and community agencies. Drawing from more than a decade of experience, insights and recommendations are shared on leading poverty simulations and interprofessional education. While this engaged learning approach holds promise for improving health equity and outcomes, further research is warranted.
Trauma-Informed Response and Social Justice Through Simulations With Police
Authors: Laursen Tiffany , Mahoney Jenna , Chitwanga Anissa
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the use of simulations with police officers as a tool for learning trauma response strategies and exploring racial healing between social work, policing, and communities. This chapter probes data from students’ experiences and explores benefits and challenges that present when collaborating on simulations with police officers. It was found students gained knowledge and skills about intervention methods while gaining empathy from racial healing dialogues among students, faculty, staff, and police officers. Racial healing dialogues broadened understanding of complex social realities that are pivotal to future social workers’ careers. Still, students felt that they needed more time to process the simulation and would have liked more time to help them decompress and place the experience within the context of policing and social work—perhaps in required coursework. The chapter provides students’ voices of their experiences and lays out specific recommendations for the use of simulations to teach trauma-informed response.
Involving Doctoral Students in Teaching Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Through Simulations
Authors: Cantoni Nicole , Hsieh Wan-Jung , Allison Carrington A , Wu Chi-Fang , Tan Kevin , Ostler Terry , Bennett Kyle
Published: November 2024

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education is paramount to social work programs; it however, can be challenging to teach given the sensitivity required of the topic. To try to make teaching DEI more accessible to newer instructors, doctoral (PhD) students utilized DEI-based simulations as a means of teaching these concepts to master of social work (MSW) students. PhD students discussed how they perceived simulations to be a positive teaching method for DEI, though not without having some areas for improvement. For example, PhD students discussed how simulations allow for realistic, but safe, practice experiences to be had for MSW students; additionally, PhD students also stated the need to confirm simulation topics with those outside of their own identity groups to avoid stereotypes within the simulations. Overall, PhD students felt strongly about the positive impact of simulations in teaching DEI and felt that this teaching method can and should continue to be used.
Reparations for African Enslavement in the U.S. and Black Survival Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Lawrence Jourdyn A , Jahn Jaquelyn L , Shi Joy , Himmelstein Kathryn E W , Feldman Justin M , Linos Natalia , Bassett Mary T
Published: November 2024

Activists, policymakers, and scholars increasingly have advocated for reparations payments to Black Americans to redress the harms of enslavement and discriminatory practices that followed. This study examined the effects of a hypothetical monetary reparations intervention on all-cause premature and overall mortality among Black adults in the U.S. We used the Black-white wealth gap to calculate monetary costs, modeling the effects of wealth influxes of $905,426.10 (in 2019 USD) to each Black household (the amount necessary to eliminate the mean Black-white wealth gap), distributed over 10 years. We applied a target trial emulation framework to data in the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (n=16,010). Each Black household head or spouse/partner was followed from baseline until death, incomplete follow-up, 18 years after baseline, or the end of follow-up in 2019, whichever occurred first. Using the g-formula to account for time-fixed and time-varying confounders, we found a 29% reduction in premature mortality and a 25.6% reduction in overall mortality among Black adults under the reparations intervention. Our findings provide evidence that reparations are a lifesaving and justice-promoting social policy that could significantly contribute to efforts to eliminate health inequities.
Ancient duplication and functional differentiation of phytochelatin synthases is conserved in plant genomes
Authors: Li Mingai , Yu Jiamei , Sartore Silvia , Bellini Erika , Bertoldi Daniela , Pilati Stefania , Saba Alessandro , Larcher Roberto , di Toppi Luigi Sanità , Varotto Claudio
Published: November 2024

Despite the paramount importance in metal(loid) detoxification by phytochelatin synthase (PCS) genes, no comprehensive analysis of their evolutionary patterns has been carried out in land plants in general and in crops in particular.

A phylogenetic large-scale analysis of gene duplication in angiosperms was carried out followed by in vitro recombinant protein assays as well as complementation analysis (growth, thiol-peptides, elements) of Arabidopsis cad1-3 mutant with four representative PCS genes from two model crop species, Malus domestica and Medicago truncatula.

We uncovered a so far undetected ancient tandem duplication (D duplication) spanning the whole core eudicotyledon radiation. Complementation with PCS genes from both D-subclades from M. domestica and M. truncatula displayed clear in vivo conservation of the differences between D1 and D2 paralogous proteins in plant growth, phytochelatin and glutathione pools, as well as element contents under heavy metal(loid) stress. In vitro recombinant PCS analysis identified analogous patterns of differentiation, showing a higher activity of D2 PCS genes, so far largely overlooked, compared to their paralogs from the D1 clade. This suggests that in many other crop species where the duplication is present, the D2 copy might play a significant role in metal(loid) detoxification.

The retention of both PCS paralogs and of their functional features for such long divergence time suggests that PCS copy number could be constrained by functional specialization and/or gene dosage sensitivity. These results uncover the patterns of PCS evolution in plant genomes and of functional specialization of their paralogs in the genomes of two important model crops.
Endeavoring to engage in cooperative fisheries research in a contentious socio-political climate
Authors: Kilchenmann Joelle , McCosker Christina M , Cammen Kristina M , Stoll Joshua S
Published: November 2024

Cooperative Fisheries Research (CFR) aims to incorporate different types of knowledge into fisheries science through the convergence of diverse perspectives, skills, and expertise. CFR can facilitate knowledge co-production and the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of science, yet it can be difficult to operationalize. In Maine’s American lobster fishery, where CFR is a hallmark of the fishery, pressure to implement conservation measures to protect North Atlantic right whales, one of the world’s most endangered large whale species, poses a major challenge for harvesters. Endeavoring to follow best practices associated with CFR, our research team set out to work with state management and fishing industry partners to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of new whale conservation regulations on the fishery. We co-defined relevant and actionable research questions and designed a sampling approach that included multiple efforts to contact industry participants. Although the process we engaged in had some of the key ingredients for success, ultimately participation was too low to achieve our research aims. We use this paper to discuss our failure and draw on the theory of scalar politics from critical geography to reflect on challenges we encountered, including how the contentious socio-political backdrop within which the initiative transpired impacted our research.