bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legislar mejor es legislar para una sociedad inclusiva. Nuevas herramientas jurídicas para una nueva ciudadanía.
Authors: Collantes Sanchez Beatriz
Published: November 2023

En reseña de:Juana María Gil Ruiz, Las nuevas técnicas legislativas en España. Los Informes de Evaluación de Impacto de Género, Editorial Tirant Lo Blanch,Valencia, 2012.
La Teología y el Derecho contractual en la edad moderna
Authors: Rodríguez Arrocha Belinda
Published: November 2023

En reseña de:Wim Decock, Theologians and Contract Law. The moraln transformation of the ius commune (ca. 1500-1650), Martinus-Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2013.
Mainstreaming de género y cambio social
Authors: Fernández Ruiz-Gálvez Encarnación
Published: November 2023

El artículo profundiza en el concepto de mainstreaming de género, analizando sus dos componentes  básicos: (i) su contenido sustantivo que es el enfoque de género, de acuerdo con el cual la desigualdad  entre  mujeres  y varones  es un fenómeno  sistémico  cuya  raíz última sería el género entendido como la (re)construcción  social de la diferencia entre los sexos y de las relaciones entre ellos; y (ii) el mainstreaming  como estrategia para alcanzar la igualdad, estrategia consistente en incorporar la perspectiva de la igualdad de género en todas las normas y en todas las políticas (transversalidad,  enfoque global), estrategia  que sería complementaria  y no excluyente  de la igualdad  de trato y de las acciones  positivas y  que aspiraría a ser particularmente  incisiva para el logro del mencionado  objetivo. Teniendo en cuenta que la meta del mainstreaming  de género es la transformación  social, la modif icación de las relaciones entre los sexos, así como de sus representaciones  sociales y la existencia de una gran ambigüedad  en torno a cuál debe ser el sentido y la dirección de los cambios, en el trabajo se argumenta que la transformación  social debe ir en la línea de superar tanto el asimilacionismo  (asunción de los modelos masculinos por parte de las mujeres), como el dualismo entre mujeres y varones, el mantenimiento de esferas separadas y  distintas,  pues ambos hacen imposible  la consecución  de la igualdad  real. La transfor- mación  social,  que requiere  incorporar  a los varones  al cambio,  debería  orientarse  hacia la  consecución  de una mezcla positiva (a positive form of melding), de un nuevo modelo de sociedad  superador  del androcentrismo,  pues el paradigma  de lo humano,  susceptible de universalizarse,  serían no sólo los valores “masculinos”,  sino todas las cualidades,  ca- pacidades  y posibilidades  humanas,  tanto las que forman  parte del modelo  “masculino”, como las que forman parte del modelo “femenino”,  pues todas ellas son valores humanos que cualquier ser humano puede practicar.Por último el artículo destaca las potencialidades  que encierra la estrategia de Gender Mainstreaming  y también los riesgos y las dif icultades que comporta.
Positivismo y Neokantismo
Authors: Welzel Hans
Published: November 2023

En el texto se analiza la caída del idealismo y de la filosofía en general tras la muerte del hegelianismo. Un proceso llevado a cabo por el positivismo, la teoría de las ideologías, la filosofía de la vida y el existencialismo. Si bien en la teoría y praxis jurídica será el positivismo el principal protagonista. Este giro tiene como consecuencia centrar el estudio científico sobre el derecho, exclusivamente en el derecho positivo. Frente al reduccionismo del positivismo, Welzel expone el resurgir del dualismo entre concepto de derecho e idea del derecho, de mano de la filosofía neokantiana, y muy especialmente de Rudolf Stammler. Un resurgir que permite presentar a la filosofía kantiana como una teoría complementaria del positivismo jurídico, al aceptar ésta el concepto del derecho del positivismo, depurado de los restos terminológicos de etapas ya superadas.
¿Es filosóficamente creíble el nacionalismo?
Authors: Maccormick Neil
Published: November 2023

Este artículo tiene cuatro secciones principales. En la primera planteo algunas cuestiones sobre la ambigüedad de la idea de país libre, y muestro cómo algunas consideraciones que se siguen de ella han conducido a un desencanto del nacionalismo, más como un tema filosófico que como un fenómeno histórico lamentable. En la segunda, asumo la postura quizás antitética de que, respecto a la descolonización y a la perestroika, la mayoría de la gente parece tener una opinión muy radical en favor de la autodeterminación nacional, sin realmente relacionarla con aquella concepción que rechaza la posibilidad de que el nacionalismo ocupe un lugar dentro de una filosofía política normativa. En la tercera, vuelvo a las ideas de libertad con la esperanza de despejar la confusión y, quizás, de trascender incluso la contradicción entre las secciones primera y segunda. Finalmente, afronto directamente la cuestión de si el nacionalismo es filosóficamente creíble, y acabo con la recomendación de lo que considero una teoría liberal y moderada del nacionalismo.
El problema de la felicidad en Aristóteles: respuestas desde Francisco Suárez y Martha Nussbaum
Authors: Colmenarejo Fernández Rosa
Published: November 2023

La idea de felicidad en Aristóteles está mediada por el sentido teleológico que otorga a la vida humana. La vida está orientada de un modo intrínseco e inherente hacia la eudaimonía, hacia la vida buena. Este es, grosso modo, el fundamento de la ética aristotélica. En este trabajo se pretenden confrontar las respuestas, en tanto que interpretaciones, de la idea de felicidad que han obtenido dos autores que apoyan sus respectivas teorías éticas en los planteamientos aristotélicos de felicidad. Sin embargo, las respuestas son bien distintas, y dependen de los presupuestos metafísicos de ambos autores. Mientras Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) desde la comprensión del ser humano como un ser en relación, la idea de vida buena le lleva a desarrollar lo que algunos han denominado un “antropocentrismo crítico” de clara inspiración ignaciana, en la que nunca pierde de vista el valor de lo social como fuente primera para la caracterización de lo humano ni el sentido trascendente del fin último de la vida humana; Martha Nussbaum (1947) se servirá de una interpretación ilustrada, que inspirará el pensamiento liberal posterior, para justificar la radical diferenciación del yo como paso ineludible para el reconocimiento de aquello que nos hace humanos, aquello que denomina “capacidades centrales”. Los cuatrocientos años que median entre ambas propuestas nos parecen más que una medida de inconmensurabilidad, una oportunidad para sustentar la crítica denominada “individualismo metodológico”, una de las más controvertidas que ha recibido el denominado Enfoque de las Capacidades Humanas, desarrollado entre otros por la propia Nussbaum junto a Amartya Sen a partir de los años 1980.
¿Influyó Suárez en el pensamiento de Andrés Bello?
Authors: Otero Parga Milagros
Published: November 2023

Suárez es uno de los más insignes juristas españoles. La profundidad y originalidad de su pensamiento ha inspirado a muchos autores posteriores hasta la actualidad de manera que puede decirse que existe una escuela suareciana conocida y activa. Este hecho que engrandece nuestra tradición jurídica, debe ser conservado y acrecentado. El artículo que ahora se presenta quiere llegar un poco más allá. Quiere buscar la influencia indirecta de Suárez en aquellos autores que sin mencionarlo expresamente siguen los cauces de su pensamiento aplicándolos a ámbitos de conocimiento no estrictamente jurídicos. Este es el caso de Andrés Bello, un personaje americano de gran importancia. Político, diplomático y jurista de formación humanista clásica, organizó la vida de los seres humanos en sociedad buscando la justicia y la paz. Creo que la influencia de Suárez en personajes de este tipo debe ser considerada, conocida y valorada porque expanden su magisterio de forma insospechada.
Tipos de tirano y resistencia en Francisco Suárez
Authors: Font Oporto Pablo
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo pretende analizar la discusión que Francisco Suárez mantiene con las tesis contrarias a la distinción entre tipos de tirano en la cuestión del tiranicidio (Defensio fidei, Libro VI, capítulo IV, números 10-13). Para esta visión no le es lícito a una persona privada matar a ninguno de los dos tipos de tirano; sólo es posible darles muerte en legítima defensa, porque se entiende que en tal caso se actúa en ejercicio de autoridad pública. Suárez acaba admitiendo esta tesis en el número 13, lo que parece contradecirse con lo sostenido en el número 7, donde se aceptaba la muerte del usurpador por cualquier particular. Sin embargo, en el fondo mantiene la diferencia entre ambos tipos de tirano, por cuanto que en el caso del usurpador sostiene que siempre se dan las condiciones para alegar legítima defensa. Queda sin aclarar qué ocurre en tal caso con las condiciones dispuestas en los números 8 y 9.
Los feminismos jurídicos y la mujer como sujeto del feminismo
Authors: Aránguez Sánchez Tasia
Published: November 2023

En reseña de:Costa Wegsman, Malena, Feminismos Jurídicos, Ediciones Didot, Argentina, 2016.
Del derecho a la salud a la ética del racionamiento sanitario
Authors: Puyol Ángel
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la necesidad de abordar de forma coherente los tres temas que se deben analizar en el campo de la justicia en salud. El primero remite al ámbito ético-jurídico de un supuesto derecho a la salud. El segundo es el tema de las desigualdades injustas en salud que se derivan de las desigualdades sociales y económicas. Y el tercero es el tema de la priorización o racionamiento sanitario en un contexto de recursos limitados. En el artículo, describo las principales preguntas y problemas que se suscitan en dichos ámbitos y esbozo algunas conclusiones en cada uno de ellos. También advierto de la necesidad de construir una teoría de la justicia en salud que proporcione una respuesta coherente e integradora de los tres temas.
Los fundamentos probatorios del razonamiento probabilístico de David A. Schum
Authors: Twining William
Published: November 2023

En reseña de:Schum, David, Los fundamentos probatorios del razonamiento probabilístico, traducción y edición a cargo de Orión Vargas, Xpress Estudio Gráfico y Digital, 2016, 665 páginas.
Hegel bajo la rojigualda. A propósito de dos libros de Federico Fernández-Crehuet
Authors: Trujillano Rubén Pérez
Published: November 2023

Es reseña de:Federico Fernández-Crehuet López: Hegel bajo la esvástica. La filosofía jurídica de Karl Larenz y Julius Binder, Granada, Comares, 2017, 126 páginas.   Federico Fernández-Crehuet López: El Leviathan franquista. Notas sobre la teoría del Estado bajo la Dictadura, Granada, Comares, 2017, 98 páginas.
Nota del editor
Authors: Peña Freire Antonio Manuel
Published: November 2023

Es mi intención como Editor recién estrenado de los Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez hacer lo posible para que la revista siga siendo un foro de referencia en la reflexión filosófica sobre los problemas que plantea la organización política de la convivencia social. Han sido precisamente esa determinación y ese criterio los que han inspirado la elección del tema al que está dedicada la Sección Monográfica de este número: el populismo.Hasta hace relativamente poco, el populismo parecía un fenómeno singular hasta la extravagancia, geográficamente remoto e ideológicamente tan extremo que lo normal era decretar su irrelevancia práctica. Sin embargo, tras la gran recesión iniciada en 2008, hemos asistido a una asombrosa irrupción populista. El populismo se ha manifestado de un modo especialmente intenso allí donde, en cierto sentido, era endémico; se ha extendido, con mayor o menor ímpetu y con distintas máscaras, por todos los rincones de Europa, hasta poner en peligro la continuidad del proyecto de integración europeo; y, como colofón, ha terminado afectando a países teóricamente vacunados frente al virus populista y considerados auténticas luminarias democráticas, como es el caso de los Estados Unidos y de Gran Bretaña, que han terminado sucumbiendo a los cantos de sirena populistas. Todas esas circunstancias justificaban, por sí solas, una indagación filosófica sobre el fenómeno populista.
Una ontología de la actualidad de la reforma constitucional
Authors: García López Daniel J.
Published: November 2023

Sauquillo González, Julián. La reforma constitucional. Sujetos y límites del poder constituyente. Tecnos, Madrid, 2018, 406 páginas.
Una propuesta para la enseñanza de la Bioética
Authors: Marín Castán María Luisa
Published: November 2023

Casado, María y López Baroni, Manuel Jesús, Manual de bioética laica (I). Cuestiones clave, Barcelona, Observatori de Bioética i Dret, Univesitat de Barcelona, 2018, 219 pp.
ASISTENCIA LETRADA A LA VÍCTIMA DE VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO, PACTO DE ESTADO Y REFORMAS LEGISLATIVAS
Authors: Peláez Solís Filomena
Published: November 2023

Pautas de actuación letrada de los abogados y abogadas de las víctimas de violencia de género. Intervención del letrado o letrada de la víctima en el orden penal, desde el momento previo a la interposición de una denuncia por violencia de género, con solicitud de Orden de Protección, hasta la ejecución de la sentencia condenatoria. Intervención en el orden civil con el inicio de un procedimiento civil ante el Juzgado de Violencia Sobre la Mujer solicitando en su caso las medidas paterno-filiales o la separación o el divorcio. Propuestas desde la Abogacía al Pacto de Estado en materia de violencia de género. Reformas legislativas previstas en respuesta al Pacto de Estado
DIAGNOSIS EN CASOS DE ASESINATO POR VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO: Estudios sobre los casos de muerte por causa de violencia de género en Andalucía
Authors: Sepúlveda García de la Torre M.ª Ángeles , Genovés García Aurora
Published: November 2023

El objetivo es conocer las circunstancias y tratamiento judicial de  asesinatos por violencia de género. Se plantea el diagnóstico forense de muerte, se exponen resultados de la investigación realizada por Genovés et al. en 2018 sobre150 casos de muerte por violencia de género en Andalucía, se plantea un posible patrón de conducta basado en la teoría de los pensamientos obsesivos y rumia silenciosa. Los resultados muestran una violencia anunciada, sin trastornos mentales graves, los asesinatos se mantienen constantes en el tiempo, la violencia empleada suele ser excesiva en comparación con otras muertes, el instrumento más usado es arma blanca, el agresor no se esconde, no suele arrepentirse, la calificación ha sido de asesinato en un 79%, concurriendo alevosía en un 91% de los casos, la indefensión de la víctima es buscada y utilizada por el agresor, el domicilio familiar es el lugar donde más asesinatos se producen. Se aprecia una evolución positiva en la aplicación del derecho. Es necesaria la perspectiva de género en la Justicia.
The Vedic Microcosm sūkṣmāntarikṣa
Authors:   Global Synergetic Foundation, Shankar Sati
Published: November 2023

The Vedika tradition offers a multifaceted view of “this whole” is Agni [SB 7.3.1.12], pervaded antarikṣa, [Tāṇḍya Br, 15.12.2] and the sūkṣmāntarikṣa, the humans or more aptly, Jīva, along with Śarīraṁ [SB 6.1.1 4]. Rooted in the Ṛta, which represents the cosmic order or the universal principles that govern the world and the universe. Human existence is deeply interconnected with the cosmos, governed by Dharma. The idea of interconnectedness and unity of the sūkṣmāntarikṣa and antarikṣa, “This Whole” is agni [SB 7.3.1.12] = prajāpatiḥ [SB 6.2 1.23] = puruṣaḥ [SB 6.1.1.5] = brahma [SB 10.4.1.5]. It is beautifully encapsulated [ Chāndogya Up. 6.1.7], which says, "All this is, indeed, Brahman" and ascertains further by “Tat Tvam Asi” [ Chāndogya Up. 6.8.7], hence establishes cosmic responsibilities. [RV. 1.89.6] giving sūkṣmāntarikṣa the greatest strength in its capacity to depict the complexities and vulnerabilities of human existence. What we call Prakṛti, i.e., the nature is intricately connected to Ṛta, [RV.1.90.6; RV. 1.164.23; RV. 10.190.1], and [Taittiriya Saṁhitā, 1.2.8.1]. The order and balance between the antarikṣa and the sūkṣmāntarikṣain, the natural world as a reflection of the cosmic order. [RV.1.89.2; RV.1.25.8], harmony in nature, [RV. 5.44.4; RV. 7.49.4] and moral and ethical [RV. 10.191.1] are established. This paper, explores man and nature from the above perspective, which leads ultimately to the space and time to which the modern natural and mathematical sciences have started converging. It is a tiny part of my long discourse under preparation, “Vedic Hṛdaya Chakṣu." Keywords: antarikṣa, sūkṣmāntarikṣa, agni, Tat Tvam Asi, Prajapati, puruṣa, Śarīraṁ, Hṛdaya, Chakṣu, Ṛta, सूक्ष्मांतरिक्ष, Vedic MicroCosm
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FUNCTIONING OF STATE ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVIDING INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kononenko Lesia , Savchenko Vira , Nazarova Halyna
Published: November 2023

The publication considers the peculiarities of the functioning of the public sector, focuses on the efficiency of enterprises based on state ownership. It is specified that the efficiency of functioning of state economic associations is due to the fact t
O ensino de literatura e a leitura literária como gestos
Authors: Lobo Dalva de Souza
Published: November 2023

A proposta deste artigo é uma discussão acerca da relação entre o ensino de literatura e a performance de leitura literária enquanto gestos, levando em conta sua potencialidade para a formação do leitor literário. Nessa perspectiva, objetiva-se compreender como o ensino de literatura e a leitura, enquanto gestos, contribuem para maior percepção dos signos que envolvem a práxis leitora a partir da qual os sujeitos se podem se emancipar. Para tanto, serão mobilizados os conceitos de performance, leitura e de rizoma, a partir de, Paul Zumthor e Gilles Deleuze, respectivamente. O texto parte de uma breve concepção sobre a leitura no âmbito performático enquanto um gesto que segue para a rizomatização. Por fim, algumas considerações serão tecidas sinalizando possibilidades e potencialidades da leitura como gesto fundamental na construção de conhecimento.
Membership in professional associations and productivity of teachers in Anglo-Saxon universities in Cameroon
Authors:   Department of Educational Foundations and Administration, Faculty of Education University of Buea, Cameroon., Mbulle Edie
Published: November 2023

Teachers’ membership in professional associations provides opportunities for continuous education because such associations often hold meetings to update teachers on issues to improve their productivity in Anglo-Saxon Universities in Cameroon. The study examined the prevalence of teachers having membership in professional associations and the relationship between teachers’ membership in professional academic associations and their productivity in Anglo-Saxon Universities in Cameroon. The sequential convergent mixed method design was adopted for the study. The sample size of the study consisted of 436 lecturers, 603 postgraduate students, and 20 administrators. A questionnaire and an interview guide were the instruments adopted for the study. The Spearman rho test was used to test the hypotheses of the study, which examined the significant relationship between professional associations and teachers’ productivity in Anglo-Saxon Universities in Cameroon. The participants were sampled using purposive, proportionate, and convenient sampling techniques. The findings showed that 45.6% of the students do not see their lecturers as productive while 54.4% see them as productive. Furthermore, more of the teachers 61.0% are not members of any professional associations, while 39.0% are members. Despite a low percentage of teachers having membership in professional academic associations, many of them-66.5% (280) opined that membership in professional academic associations is important for teachers while 33.5% (141) said is not important. Thus, it was statistically revealed that membership in professional associations (R-value = 0.280**, p-value = 0.000, < 0.05) significantly and positively correlates with teachers’ productivity. Based on the findings, it was recommended that all teachers should at least be a member of one or two professional academic associations as it improves on their research and work output, and provides networking opportunities for members to attend conferences and be updated on the recent developments.
Effects of Adding Waste Oil Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether to Diesel Fuel
Authors: ÖZER Salih , CENAB Cem
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on the improvement of fuel properties of waste frying oils and their direct use without chemical processing. For this purpose, 10% filtered waste frying oil was added to the diesel fuel. Afterwards, the test fuels were formed by adding 5%, 10% and 20% volumes of Di Ethylene Butyl Glycol Ether to this mixture. The obtained fuel mixtures were run in a diesel engine at a con-stant engine speed of 3000 rpm at 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% engine loads, and the changes in engine fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature and ego emissions were investigated. The results showed that all the goose emissions increased with the direct use of waste oil, but the exhaust emissions decreased with the addition of Di Ethylene Butyl Glycol Ether. With the addition of Di Ethylene Butyl Glycol Ether, the viscosity and density values decreased and the heating value in-creased. The best fuel mixture was obtained with DAGD20 mixture with 20% Di Ethylene Butyl Glycol Ether added. In this fuel mixture, BSFC decreased, Ex-haust Gas Temperature increased, NOx increased, CO increased, CO2 decreased, HC increased, and smoke decreased.
An Analysis of the Abstracts of EFL Undergraduate Students: Coherence and Cohesion
Authors: Widhiyanto Widhiyanto , Hendrawaty Nurmala , Suryani Lilis , Pratama Mochamad Rizqi Adhi
Published: November 2023

Coherence and cohesion play crucial roles in writing an abstract of an undergraduate thesis. By ensuring the coherence and cohesion of the abstract, EFL undergraduate students can enhance its readability, can facilitate the understanding of the research content, and can enable readers to grasp the main points efficiently. However, EFL undergraduate students often need help achieving coherence and cohesion due to their limitations in understanding and practicing academic writing. The research aims to analyze how the sentences in the abstract are related to one another through logical connections and to identify the cohesive devices like conjunction, reference, substitution, or ellipsis to make the abstract coherent. Three abstracts were chosen randomly from 2020 to 2022. Then, the researchers analyzed the data qualitatively in words or sentences using document analysis. The results show that two out of three abstracts are coherent. It is highly suggested for EFL undergraduates whose abstracts must be more readable to improve cohesive devices and use different conjunction and adverbial sentences. Therefore, the suggestion is that EFL undergraduate students use other transitions to link each sentence to make coherent text.
Project CX Peripherals (Supplement III:44)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: November 2023

GCCX cont. (Supp. to the history of computer science and tech.)
Structural projections to the Nucleus Accumbens link to impulsive components of human risk preference
Authors: Tisdall Loreen , MacNiven Kelly Hennigan , Leong Josiah K , Frey Renato , Rieskamp Jörg , Hertwig Ralph , Knutson Brian , Mata Rui
Published: November 2023

Functional responses in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) to risk- and reward-related cues can predict real-life risk-taking behavior. Since NAcc activity depends on neurotransmission from connected brain regions, projections to the NAcc may also predict risk preference. To quantify risk preference, we employed latent variables previously derived in a comprehensive, independent study examining the psychometric structure of risk preference, which yielded a general risk preference factor as well as several specific factors, including a factor capturing impulsivity. Informed by previous work, we preregistered a set of hypotheses concerning the association between different risk preference factors and fractional anisotropy (or FA, which is sensitive to fiber coherence) for projections to the NAcc from Medial PreFrontal Cortex (MPFC), Anterior Insula, Amygdala, and an inferior tract from the Ventral Tegmental Area (iVTA). We tested our hypotheses in a community sample of 125 healthy human adults. As predicted, bilateral iVTA-NAcc tract FA showed a negative correlation with a psychometric factor that captured impulsivity, generalizing findings from prior research. Also as predicted, FA of the bilateral Amygdala-NAcc tract was positively associated with the impulsivity factor. Contrary to predictions, however, we observed no robust associations between the general risk preference factor and FA for projections from bilateral MPFC, right Anterior Insula, or bilateral Amygdala to the NAcc. Notably, exploratory unilateral analyses revealed an association between the general risk preference factor and left MPFC-NAcc tract FA. Taken together, these findings suggest that impulse control as a facet of risk preference maps onto specific neurobiological targets, while more general facets of risk preference may be supported by structural properties of lateral fronto-striatal projections. Although the exact associated functional mechanisms remain to be fully clarified, conNAcctomic approaches like the one presented here could pave the way for further research into the physiological foundations of risk preference and related constructs.
How public opinion shapes individual policy preferences: do the conformists constrain the contrarians?
Authors: Pantazi Myrto , Camargo Chico Quevedo , Margetts Helen , John Peter , Hale Scott
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the impact of public opinion on individual policy preferences and how these preferences change over time. Using a novel experimental setup based on visual analogue scales and multiple policy-relevant issues, we uncover a pronounced “bandwagon” effect where most subjects change their opinion in the direction of the support expressed in the polls. The magnitude of this effect escalates particularly when there’s a considerable discrepancy between a respondent’s beginning viewpoint and the perceived public consensus. Analysis of the fine-grained visual analogue scales reveals that opinion change and perceived issue importance follow a Laplace distribution, rather than a normal distribution as it is normally assumed. Remarkably, we identify a balanced ratio of “contrarians” and “conformists” among participants, with their stance not correlating to specific policy support or opposition. Overall, our study sheds light on the complex relationship between public opinion information andindividual policy preferences, and highlights the important role that contrarians play in the balance of public preferences.
Aim 2: Longitudinal prescription drug misuse and outcomes
Authors: Kouros Chrystyna D , Papp Lauren
Published: November 2023

Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is a mounting public health concern in the U.S., particularly among college students. The field’s reliance on cross-sectional designs and limited controls for other substance use has failed to capture the specific role of misuse for longer-term health. Therefore, the present study tested associations between trajectories of PDM problems and college students’ mental health and subjective happiness over time. Participants were 300 students who completed a baseline assessment (T1) and follow-ups every 6 months for two years (T2-T5). Participants self-reported problems associated with PDM and mental health. Results from univariate latent growth models indicated that problems with PDM were initially on an increasing trajectory. Based on parallel process models, problems with PDM were concurrently associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, disinhibition, callousness/aggression, and lower levels of subjective happiness at T1. Further, we found support for parallel trajectories between PDM problems and both depressive symptoms and general disinhibition. Participants whose PDM problems were on an increasing (worsening) trajectory at baseline showed an increase in depressive symptoms and general disinhibition over the next two years. Participants whose PDM problems accelerated over time (got worse at a faster and faster rate over time) also showed a significant increase in their depressive symptoms over time. Most findings, however, were no longer statistically significant in sensitivity analyses that controlled for alcohol and other drug problems. Findings highlight college as an important time for interventions to prevent substance use and its associated negative consequence on later young adult mental health.
Assessment of Three Multimedia Tools for Improving Patients’ Understanding and Adherence to Orthodontic Treatments
Authors: Asmaa El Mabrak , Imane Chafi , Zineb Serhier , Farid Bourzgui
Published: November 2023

Aim: To assess the understanding and the recall of information using three communication tools: a video, a PowerPoint presentation and a flyer. Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial on a sample of 135 patients, divided into three groups (a) (b) and (c). Each group received a different form of information: a written pamphlet, a PowerPoint presentation and a video. The evaluation was conducted using a survey administered in two phases, in the short term (T1) and in the medium term (T2). Results: This study showed that all three tools were equally effective and valid in informing the patient. The results also showed that for some risks the audiovisual tools were better in terms of information including the risk of root resorption, and articular pain with a statistically significant difference. The effectiveness of these tools was different during the two stages T1 and T2 after one month of the first phase of information T1, the results showed no statistically significant difference between the information in the short and medium term. Conclusion: This study allowed us to verify the most effective information tool among the three tools used, which allows to establish a validated and reliable communication system within the care unit of Casablanca’s department of orthopedics.
Sexual Harassment in Higher Educational Institutions in Bangladesh: Contemporary Trends and Challenges
Authors: Shahriar Hasan , Ferdous Jannatul
Published: November 2023

Sexual harassment is deep-seated in historical and organizational inequality concerning males and females in power relations. In the education sector, sexual harassment is a fiery matter in Bangladesh and extraterritorial areas. Diverse historical, social, cultural and political issues are fundamental to these trends and practices. The study's main objectives are to understand the patterns and contemporary trends of sexual harassment in higher educational institutions in Bangladesh. To identify the influencing factors in higher educational institutions in conducting sexual harassment offenses. The findings reveal that individuals experience online social harassment, including unsolicited calls discussing sexual harassment and messages implying romantic involvement. Personal space violations by acquaintances and public incidents of inappropriate behavior also occur. In educational settings, inappropriate touching and discussions about physical appearances are prevalent. Committees addressing sexual harassment often prove ineffective. Power dynamics allow manipulation of crime reports, while gender-based violence's financial impact varies. The multifaceted origins of sexual harassment involve social factors and differing adherence to ethics. Mental pressure impacts academic performance, and gender-based violence relates to limited female representation in specific university organizations. Extracurricular activities contribute to the issue. The recommendations center around establishing institutional accountability, taking proactive actions to address sexual harassment, recognizing the importance of sexual complaint committees, providing mental support for survivors, increasing awareness through educational initiatives, involving extracurricular activities to combat harassment, and offering financial support to students facing economic challenges. These recommendations collectively aim to create a safer and more inclusive environment within public universities, ensuring that incidents of sexual harassment are addressed effectively while fostering a supportive community for all members.
Unveiling Inequality. An Open-ended Survey Approach - Franco Bastias, Nanna Lauritz Schönhage and Sergio E. Zanotto
Authors: Bastias Franco
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we examine German society's comprehension of inequality and the types of inequality that are most prominent for different subsets of population groups. We utilize an open-ended survey question that asks respondents to describe the societal inequalities that come to mind in a German setting (N = 5459). We then categorise the responses using computational analysis, integrated with human expertise, and find that privileged groups tend to omit any mention of the types of inequality that benefit them, while disadvantaged groups actively highlight these very forms of inequality. For instance, women mention gender inequality significantly more than men, Eastern Germans mention east-west differences more than people from the West, and people with a migration background are more likely to mention racism and xenophobia than native Germans. Additionally, we find that specific inequalities are more prominent to respondents with specific political affiliations: right-wing populist party supporters stand out with the types of inequality mentioned - as these are not economic, yet precisely reflect the party’s reputation. This underscores the notion that inequality concerns play a significant role in party preferences, and also in driving populist support.
Cochlear implantation in adults with acquired single-sided deafness improves cortical processing and comprehension of speech presented to the non-implanted ears: A longitudinal EEG study
Authors: Chen Ya-Ping , Neff Patrick , Leske Sabine , Wong Daniel D.E. , Peter Nicole , Obleser Jonas , Kleinjung Tobias , Dimitrijevic Andrew , Dalal Sarang , Weisz Nathan
Published: November 2023

Former studies have established that individuals with a cochlear implant (CI) for treating single-sided deafness (SSD) experience improved speech processing after implantation. However, it is not clear how each ear contributes separately to improve speech perception over time at the behavioral and neural level. In this longitudinal EEG study with four different time points, we measured neural activity in response to variously degraded spoken words presented monaurally to the CI and non-CI ears in 10 single-sided CI users and 10 age- and sex-matched individuals with normal hearing. Subjective comprehension ratings for each word were also recorded. Data from single-sided CI participants were collected : pre-CI implantation, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. We conducted a time-resolved representational similarity analysis (RSA) on the EEG data to depict whether and how neural patterns became more similar to those of normal hearing individuals. The analysis was performed separately for the CI and non-CI ears. At 6 months after implantation, the speech comprehension ratings for the degraded words improved in both ears. Notably, the improvement was more pronounced for the non-CI ears than the CI ears. Furthermore, the enhancement in the non-CI ears was paralleled by increased similarity to neural representational patterns of the normal hearing control group. The maximum of this effect was observed between 600 and 1200 ms after stimulus onset, coinciding with the peak decoding accuracy for spoken-word comprehension. The present study demonstrates that cortical processing gradually normalizes when speech was presented to the non-CI ears after CI implantation within months. The CI enables the deaf ear to provide afferent input, which, according to our results, complements the input of the non-CI, gradually improving its function. These novel findings underscore the feasibility of tracking neural recovery after auditory input restoration using advanced multivariate analysis methods, such as RSA.
Planification urbaine et participation citoyenne
Authors: kilani bochra hadj
Published: November 2023

The use of participatory methods in urban communities is increasingly popular, reflecting citizens' growing interest in involvement with urban development projects. This trend has become prominent in Tunisia, particularly following the 2011 revolution, where citizens are increasingly vocal about their desire to have input on the urban landscape and play an active role in decision-making processes. One important initiative is the implementation of the participatory budget (PB), which has garnered support from international development agencies and has been adopted by various municipalities in Tunisia. Through this process of participatory budgeting, citizens are able to submit proposals that are integrated into the municipal budget, which helps to empower local authorities and increase their autonomy.In 2016, the municipality of Carthage implemented an Annual Investment Plan (AIP) with participation from various stakeholders. After public discussions, the plan received approval from the municipal council. Tunisia's citizen participation model draws inspiration from the German approach, emphasizing both "bottom-up" and "top-down" strategies. This paper delves into the current use of participatory methodologies in Tunisian urban communities, with a specific focus on the PB and its effects on governance, urban planning, and inclusive urban development. Additionally, it examines the challenges and potential for broader implementation in the future. Keywords: Citizen Participation, Participatory Budget, Urban Governance, Participatory Approaches, Inclusive Urban Development.
A Multi-Sample Evaluation of the Measurement Structure and Function of the Modified Monetary Incentive Delay Task in Adolescents.
Authors: Demidenko Michael I , Mumford Jeanette , Ram Nilam , Poldrack Russell
Published: November 2023

Interpreting the neural response elicited during task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) remains a challenge in neurodevelopmental research. The monetary incentive delay (MID) task is a popular fMRI reward processing task that is extensively used in the literature. However, modern psychometric tools have not been used to evaluate measurement properties of the MID task with regard to fMRI signals. The current study uses data obtained with a similar task design across three adolescent samples (N = 346 [Mean Age 12.0; 44% Female]; N = 97 [Mean Age 19.3; 58% Female]; N = 112 [Mean Age 20.2; 38% Female]) to evaluate multiple measurement properties of fMRI responses on the MID task. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling are used to test and examine an a priori theoretical framework for the task and its measurement invariance across three samples. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is then used to identify the data-driven measurement structure within and across the samples. Finally, local structural equation modeling (LSEM) is used to test whether manifest variables of reward processing change as a function of pubertal development. The CFA results suggest that the a priori theoretical framework is a poor representation of these MID task data. Across the samples, the data-driven EFA models consistently identify a six-to-seven factor structure with run and bilateral brain region factors. This factor structure is moderately-to-highly congruent across the three samples and does not significantly vary across pubertal development in a held-out ABCD sample. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a need to evaluate theoretical frameworks for popular fMRI task designs to improve our understanding and interpretation of brain-behavior associations.
Human-like Task Adaptation in Artificial Agents with `What' and `Where' Representations
Authors: Juliani Arthur , Sereno Margaret E.
Published: November 2023

Humans are able to skillfully navigate their environments even when aspects of the environment unexpectedly change over time. Using a realistic virtual environment, we study the ability of both human participants and artificial agents to adapt to changes in a navigation task over time. We find that humans demonstrate a hybrid decision-making strategy, whereby they are able to better adapt to changes in superficial statistics of the environment or to goal location than they are to environment structure. To model this behavior, we compared a set of artificial agents utilizing state-space information from a dual-stream world model containing distinct learned `what' and `where' representations. We find that agents utilizing a `what' representation are able to most quickly learn the task, while agents utilizing a `where' representation as the basis of their learned policy are most consistent with the human behavior when task changes take place. This highlights the role that representation learning plays in downstream behavior, even when the underlying behavioral algorithm remains fixed.
Clinical and quality of life outcomes following reduction mammoplasty for symptomatic macromastia among Sri Lankan women: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kanchana Wijesinghe  , Umesh Jayarajah  , Malllawaarchchige Gayan Ranjan Mallawaarachchi  , Sumali Hirunika De Silva  , Thathya Thamarasie Wardana De Silva  , Ananthmoorthy Krishnamoorthy  , Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Shihanie Rubeka  , Ajith De Silva
Published: November 2023

Background: The impact of macromastia is unfortunately underestimated among developing South Asian countries. However, it remains a common cause of physical and emotional suffering among women.
Aims and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reduction mammoplasty in alleviating symptoms of macromastia and its impact on quality of life (QOL) among Sri Lanka females.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 48 patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty in a surgical unit in Sri Lanka. SF-36 questionnaire and a Visual Analog Scale were used to assess QOL and pain. The outcomes were assessed 1 week prior and at 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery.
Results: Median age was 43 years and the median body mass index was 26.8 kg/m2. The average duration of symptoms was 2 years. All patients initially were reluctant to seek medical advice. Only 10.4% of patients were aware of the availability of treatment. Wise-pattern reduction mammoplasty was performed in 79.2%. There was a significant reduction in pain following surgery. There was also an improvement in all domains of the QOL following surgery, especially in general health, pain, and physical functions.
Conclusion: Reduction of mammoplasty caused a significant improvement in the overall QOL with the reduction in pain for patients suffering from macromastia. Creating more awareness among the public to encourage women to discuss breast-related symptoms and to overcome sociocultural taboos is a timely necessity.
Epidemiological and bacteriological profile of sepsis in burns patients: A report from tertiary care hospital, India
Authors: Subhradeep Majumder  , Jugal Kishor Agarwal  , Dipty Agrawal  , Yasmeen M
Published: November 2023

Background: Burns are one of the most prevalent and mortifying forms of trauma. Patients burn with significant thermal injury require immediate intensive care unit (ICU) care to minimize morbidity and mortality. Burns patients are generally more predisposed to sepsis because of two main reasons, i.e., burn wound infection and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Due to extensive skin barrier disruption and an alteration in the cellular and humoral immune responses burn wounds has a much higher incidence of sepsis as compared to other forms of trauma.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the bacteriological profile and sources of sepsis in burns patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Materials and Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, ICU and Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India, between January 2020 and June 2022. Adult patients with 30–70% of total body surface area burns with central venous catheter (CVC) inserted during ICU admission were enrolled in the study. The presence of clinical sepsis in the burn patients was evaluated using the American Burn Association Sepsis criteria. For all patients with suspected clinical sepsis, paired blood cultures were collected simultaneously; one from the CVC and another from a peripheral site and were sent for bacteriological culture. Blood culture samples were processed as per standard procedures. CRBSI was defined if the same organism was isolated in paired blood cultures. Burn wound biopsy was sent for quantitative culture and 105 organisms/g of tissue were considered significant.
Results: In the present study, the overall incidence of clinical sepsis was 28.4% (39/137), out of which 48.7% of cases were found to be due to CRBSI and the most common organism involved was Klebsiella spp. (42.1%), 33.3% of cases were due to burn wound sepsis and the most common organism involved was Pseudomonas spp. (61.5%); and 18.0% of cases were those in which no known source could be found. Possible explanations for these cases could be sepsis without bacteremia due to endotoxins and Gram-negative endotoxemia.
Conclusion: To find out microorganisms causing burn wound infection by culture and provide suitable antibiotics according to their antibiotic sensitivity patterns helping us in managing these infection and decreasing overall morbidity and mortality in burn patients.
Advanced multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of intra-axial posterior fossa tumors
Authors: Sweta Swaika
Published: November 2023

Background: For early treatment planning, it is required that accurate diagnosis of intra-axial posterior fossa tumors can be done. However, imaging diagnosis can be challenging due to analogous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of advanced MRI sequences such as diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in diagnosis of intra-axial posterior fossa masses in a tertiary care center.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study including 43 patients with posterior fossa intra-axial space-occupying tumors. Mean of minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (mean ADCmin) was derived in tumor, and normal white matter regions and ADC ratio was estimated. On MRS, choline/creatinine (Cho/Cr) and Cho/N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) ratios were noted. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine cut-off values for mean tumor ADCmin, ADC ratio, Cho/Cr ratio, and Cho/NAA ratio.
Results: The most common tumor was medulloblastoma (MB) (30.23%), followed by metastasis (25.58%), pilocytic astrocytoma (16.28%), brainstem glioma (9.3%), hemangioblastoma (6.98%), glioneuronal tumor (6.98%), and ependymoma (4.65%). MBs showed lowest mean tumor ADCmin (0.57±0.12×10-3 mm2/s) and ADC ratio (0.92±0.18) and highest Cho/Cr ratio (8.26±3.9) and Cho/NAA ratio (6.4±1.83) with significant difference from the group of remaining tumors. ROC curve analysis revealed cutoff values of ≤0.71×10-3mm2/s for ADCmin; ≤ 1.02 for ADC ratio; >3.76 for Cho/Cr ratio, and >3.2 for Cho/NAA ratio for the differentiation of MBs from other tumors.
Conclusion: The combined use of ADCmin values, ADC ratio, Cho/Cr ratio, and Cho/NAA ratio can help in better non-invasive analysis of similarly appearing intra-axial posterior fossa tumors.