bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIÁLOGOS TRANSCULTURAIS ENTRE AUTÓCTONES E ALÓCTONES NO CANADÁ: PARA NOVOS PARADIGMAS
Authors: Rassier Luciana , Brunelière Jean-François
Published: August 2018

As múltiplas configurações dos contatos culturais entre populações de diversas origens que podem ser encontradas no Canadá favorecem as reflexões sobre conceitos como multiculturalismo, interculturalismo e transculturalismo, apesar da persistência de certas tendências históricas – como o uso excessivamente sistemático do pensamento eurocêntrico, tradicionalmente baseado em paradigmas binários – e a presença ainda tímida de vozes autóctones na esfera pública. Quando estas últimas são levadas em conta, debates construtivos levam à elaboração de soluções originais (“canadenses”), suscetíveis a responder igualmente a situações relativas ao conviver em outras regiões do mundo. O estudo de diferentes textos canadenses permite apresentar algumas abordagens que se mostram particularmente pertinentes. Assim, Highway (2013) propõe uma análise de paradigmas culturais a partir da mitologia, Sioui (2002) sugere uma reescrita da história dos primeiros contatos do ponto de vista dos autóctones, enquanto Béchard e Fontaine (2016) estabelecem um diálogo epistolar sobre a questão do racismo. Observa-se que os novos paradigmas mais fluídos (IMBERT; BERND, 2015), provenientes da cultura autóctone canadense, colocam novamente em pauta visões de mundo que valorizam o respeito mútuo na coletividade e a relação com a Mãe-Terra.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Latha K. Prema , Prema C. , Sundar S. Meenakshi
Published: August 2018

The present work reports the synthesis and characterization of cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Microwave oven method was used for synthesizing cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The prepared samples show poor crystalline nature so that the samples were calcined at 300 °C for 1 hr. The calcined samples were characterized for further changes in its morphology. XRD identifies the sample is in Co3O4 phase with face-centered cubic structure. Debye-Scherer formula was used to calculate the average crystallite size of the annealed sample and it was found to be 7 to 28 nm. In addition to crystallite size, specific surface area, dislocation density and microstrain are calculated using XRD. Williamson-Hall plot was used to calculate the size and strain. FT-IR spectrum shows two stretching bands at 660 and 550 cm−1 which confirm the functional group present in the cobalt oxide nanoparticles. In optical absorption studies, a blue shift in the energy band gap reveals the quantum confinement effect. Photoluminescence spectra shows emission peak in the visible region.
Mortality of kiwifruit pests (Coccoidea) exposed to ethyl formate delivered using either carbon dioxide or nitrogen carrier gases
Authors: Brown Samuel D.J. , Page-Weir Natalie E.M. , Hawthorne Amanda J. , Wilkinson Reuben T. , Jamieson Lisa E. , Hartnett Dominic E. , Redpath Simon P. , Chhagan Asha
Published: August 2018

Ethyl formate (EF) is used as a fumigant against insect pests on many commodities. Delivery of EF uses a carrier gas, usually carbon dioxide (CO2), to reduce its flammability. However, CO2 is expensive and can only be delivered relatively slowly. Nitrogen (N2) has been proposed as an alternative. The efficacy of EF delivered using CO2 or N2, was evaluated at 5 and 15˚C, against two important postharvest pests of kiwifruit (greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax, Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and obscure mealybug (Pseudococcus viburni, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Mortalities of both insect species were higher in the presence of CO2 than N2. There was a strong interaction with treatment temperature: N2 at 5˚C resulted in low mortality across both species. Greedy scale was more susceptible to EF than obscure mealybug across all treatments. Nitrogen as a carrier gas for EF substantially lowered the efficacy of EF as an insecticidal fumigant, relative to CO2. This is hypothesised to be caused by differing respiration rates across temperatures and CO2 concentrations. Solutions for rapid CO2 delivery should be explored over further trials with N2 at low temperatures.
Biosecurity partnership and collaboration: key similarities and differences between the Australia and New Zealand plant-biosecurity government-industry agreements
Authors: Bullians Mark S. , Teulon David A.J. , Laws Rebecca , Perry Suzy , Hill Gary
Published: August 2018

New Zealand and Australia have each established legal partnerships between government and industry to improve biosecurity outcomes. Both partnerships take a collaborative approach to build capability and capacity to manage biosecurity risk across the biosecurity system. Key differences between the New Zealand and Australian systems include: the scope of responsibilities and accountability for management of biosecurity pests; governance arrangements; and cost sharing. Key similarities include: a shared role in response decision making; shared costs for pest eradication; advanced agreement on the potential liabilities surrounding pest eradication; provision for compensation to growers for direct costs incurred during an eradication response; minimum commitments to maintain capability and capacity; and an established basis for a transparent, consistent and equitable partnership. The approach taken by both countries encompasses the view that biosecurity outcomes will be improved by building genuine industry—government partnerships. In New Zealand, successes include development of operational agreements, strategies for fruit fly and brown marmorated stink bug, and completion of readiness activities for future incursions of these pests.
Architecting Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games Using Perfect Algorithms
Authors: Achmady Sayed , Syukri
Published: August 2018

XML must work. In fact, few futurists would disagree with the investigation of symmetric encryption. In this position paper we present an application for unstable archetypes (SUG), which we use to verify that simulated annealing can be made authenticated, atomic, and semantic.
DAYA SAING PERANAN IPTEK DALAM PEMANFAATAN IKAN SIDAT BAGI KESEHATAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN MUTU SUMBER DAYA BAHARI
Authors: MELUMPI MARTHO HARRY
Published: August 2018

Perikanan sidat merupakan aktivitas yang khusus dan penting, karena tidak semua wilayah perairan memiliki potensi ikan tersebut dan sidat adalah komoditas komersial dengan harga jual yang tinggi.Berbagai substansi bioaktif tersebut memiliki nilai farmakologis dan ekonomis yang tinggi sehingga perlu dilaksanakan penelitian secara berkelanjutan. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada pengujian aktivitas antikoagulan dari ikan sidat spesis Anguilla marmorata menunjukkan aktivitas yang terbaik dapat memperlancar peredaran darah pada tubuh manusia dan kemajuan ilmu dan teknologi harus terus mencarai senyawa yang aktif dalam tubuh ikan sidat untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku farmasi dalam peningkatan kesehatan dan harapan hidup manusia. Dengan meningkatnya harapan hidup, makanan memainkan peran penting dalam mempertahankan kesehatan manusia.Hal ini merupakan tantangan bagi industri makanan karena konsumen tidak saja menuntut makanan yang lezat dan nikmat, tetapi juga sehat dan bergizi.Nutrasetik dari perairan merupakan pilihan rasional dan menarik untuk industri makanan karena sumber-sumber makanan dari organisme perairan laut maupun darat menyediakan berbagai komponen makanan fungsional yang dapat diperoleh darinya
How mindfulness training promotes positive emotions: Dismantling acceptance skills training in two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lindsay Emily K , Chin Brian , Greco Carol M , Young Shinzen , Brown Kirk Warren , Wright Aidan G.C. , Smyth Joshua M. , Burkett Deanna , Creswell J. David
Published: August 2018

Mindfulness meditation interventions – which train skills in monitoring present-moment experiences with a lens of acceptance – have shown promise for increasing positive emotions. Using a theory-based approach, we hypothesized that learning acceptance skills in mindfulness interventions helps people notice more positive experiences in daily life, and tested whether removing acceptance training from mindfulness interventions would eliminate intervention- related boosts in positive affect. In two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of stressed community adults, mindfulness skills were dismantled into two structurally equivalent interventions: (1) training in both monitoring and acceptance (Monitor+Accept) and (2) training in monitoring only (Monitor Only) without acceptance training. Study 1 tested 8-week group- based Monitor+Accept and Monitor Only interventions compared to a no treatment control group. Study 2 tested 2-week smartphone-based Monitor+Accept and Monitor Only interventions compared to an active control training. In both studies, end-of-day and momentary positive affect and negative affect were measured in daily life for three days pre- and post- intervention using ambulatory assessments. As predicted, across two RCTs, Monitor+Accept training increased positive affect compared to both Monitor Only and control groups. In Study 1, this effect was observed in end-of-day positive affect. In Study 2, this effect was found in both end-of-day and momentary positive affect outcomes. In contrast, all active interventions in Studies 1 and 2 decreased negative affect. These studies provide the first experimental evidence that developing an orientation of acceptance toward present-moment experiences is a central mechanism of mindfulness interventions for boosting positive emotions in daily life.
Introducing ePortfolios to Prevent Plagiarism
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Narayanan Radhika Lakshmi Sankara
Published: August 2018

There are many effective tools available to make learning interesting in an English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. One such tool is the use of an electronic portfolio, also known as a digital portfolio or an ePortfolio. This paper demonstrates how ePortfolios support formative assessment in a language classroom. An electronic portfolio could serve as a pedagogical tool to prevent plagiarism, as it is one of the authentic ways to assess the students’ performance during the course. Introducing ePortfolios at tertiary level can bring about the much-needed change in teaching, learning and assessment methods contributing to students’ academic success. The aim of the study was to enhance student learning by introducing ePortfolios to English for Special Purposes (ESP) learners at undergraduate level. The study explores the piloting of ePortfolio in ESP module for undergraduate students at a private college in Oman as part of the formative assessment in an attempt to prevent plagiarism and also to motivate the learners to showcase their coursework in a digital format. A qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the practice and the results of the study indicate that the learners seem to have recognized the learning potential of ePortfolios, as their response to the above mentioned assessment method was quite positive. The findings of this study serve as a determining factor in deciding whether ePortfolios could effectively be used as a formative assessment tool for academic courses in the specific learning environment.
The Life Cycles of Genres
Authors: Underwood William E
Published: August 2018

The concept of genre is as old as literary theory itself, but centuries of debate haven't produced much consensus on the topic. Part of the reason is that genre looks like a different thing at different points in the life of a text. Scholars of rhetoric tend to focus on the patterns of communicative action that produce memoranda or tragedies. Sociologists are sometimes more interested in institutions that organize reception. Literary scholars, for their part, have traditionally been preoccupied with the patterning of the texts themselves. Of course, all of these aspects of genre are connected. But it's not easy to describe the connections.
The Effectiveness of M-reader in Promoting Extensive Reading among Arab EFL Learners
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Damen Tareq Monther Al
Published: August 2018

Extensive reading (ER) is extremely important for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners as it helps them build vocabulary and develop their reading comprehension skills. However, engaging Arab EFL learners in ER might be a very difficult task especially when they lack motivation and enthusiasm. Therefore, the current study explores the effects of online ER tools such as M-reader on Arab EFL learners’ motivation to read extensively and autonomously. M-reader is a free online tool which helps educational institutions to manage extensive reading. It supports students to read and understand graded readers by taking online quizzes which are available in its database. The study was conducted on first year college students enrolled in the General Foundation Programme at a private college in Oman where M-reader was introduced for the first time. The study attempted to identify how M-reader motivates Arab EFL learners for extensive reading and how it motivates them to become autonomous learners. To gauge the efficacy of M-reader and to identify the extent to which it has been successful with the selected sample, reading records from M-reader, student participations through questionnaires, focus interviews with top readers, and samples of motivational strategies used by the researcher were collected and analyzed. Findings revealed the learners’ attitudes towards using M-reader as well as the discrepancies in feedback on whether they have developed an autonomous reading culture following exposure to M-reader.
Influenza: An Emerging and Re-emerging Public Health Threat in Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Bishnu Prasad
Published: August 2018

Influenza virus type A and B are responsible for seasonal epidemics as well as pandemics in human. Influenza A viruses are further divided into two major groups namely, low pathogenic seasonal influenza (A/H1N1, A/H1N1 pdm09, A/H3N2) and highly pathogenic influenza virus (H5N1, H5N6, H7N9) on the basis of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Mutations, including substitutions, deletions, and insertions, are one of the most important mechanisms for producing new variant of influenza viruses. During the last 30 years; more than 50 viral threat has been evolved in South-East Asian countriesof them influenza is one of the major emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of global concern. Similar to tropical and sub-tropical countries of Southeast Asia; circulation of A/H1N1 pdm09, A/H3N2 and influenza B has been circulating throughout the year with the peak during July-November in Nepal. However; the rate of infection transmission reach peak during the post-rain and winter season of Nepal.
Twitter, King Lear, and the Freedom of Speech, by John Curtis, and Judicial Allusion as Ornament: A Response to John Curtis’s, ‘Twitter, King Lear, and the Freedom of Speech’ by Professor Gary Watt
Authors: Curtis John , Watt Gary , Curtis John , Watt Gary
Published: August 2018

On 27 July 2012, in his judgment following ‘The Twitter Joke Trial’, the Lord Chief Justice of England & Wales quoted from King Lear (Folio).  The trial was the first time a British Court had considered the use of Twitter in the context of a bomb hoax.  The judgment was hailed as ‘a victory for common sense’, reversing decisions of two lower courts.  It now provides authority against similar prosecutions.  This paper argues that the use of a four-hundred-year-old Shakespearean text in negotiating modern legal principles is of considerable cultural significance – both through using the familiar to respond to the new – and by invoking Shakespeare’s voice within the powerful social mechanism of the law courts.  It also considers the advantages and disadvantages of literary allusions within legal proceedings, contrasting these two widely reported judgments.This piece is adapted from a transcript of: King Lear, Twitter and the Da Vinci Code given as part of the Sidelights on Shakespeare lecture series at University of Warwick on 29 November 2013.Professor Gary Watt provides a response to Curtis's critical reflection, considering judicial allusion as logic or ornament. Image: Cordelia in the Court of King Lear, Sir John Gilbert (1873)
Literature and Conflict: One Day Postgraduate Conference at the University of Birmingham
Authors: Dickinson Annie , Dickinson Anne
Published: August 2018

The inaugural one day postgraduate conference hosted by the School of English, Drama, American and Canadian Studies at the University of Birmingham on June 20th 2014, invited postgraduate students and academic researchers to explore the multiple relations and interactions between literature and conflict. Three plenary speakers from institutions across the country, as well as three panels of postgraduate students from the University of Birmingham, gave papers which examined such diverse topics as the issues and debates around the textual representation of violent conflict and war, literature as an expression of personal inner conflict, and audience responses to theatrical violence. Papers and subsequent discussions raised multiple interesting questions about literature and conflict, prompting a re-evaluation of both terms. Photo credit: "Their First Quarrel, Gibson" by Charles Dana Gibson
Introduction: Inequality in Education – Innovation in Methods, with reflections by Dr Nicola Ingram and Professor Melanie Nind
Authors: Rowell Carli Ria , Dytham Siobhan , Ingram Nicola , Nind Melanie , Rowell Carli Ria , Dytham Siobhan , Ingram Nicola , Nind Melanie
Published: August 2018

Against a backdrop of metamorphosis in the UK educational landscape and the increased focus on ‘innovation’ in research funding and postgraduate programmes, a conference entitled ‘Inequality in Education – Innovation in Methods’ (IEIM) was held at the University of Warwick in November 2014 to offer space to reflect on ‘inequality in education’ as a field of research and the impact, and future prospect for ‘innovation in method’ in this field. This article introduces this featured section, including reflections from Dr Nicola Ingram and Professor Melanie Nind, who both delivered keynote addresses at the conference.
ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL IN VOLATILE MARKET CONDITIONS
Authors: Duchinska N.I. , Chayka J.N.
Published: August 2018

There are three stages of the process of capital accumulation in Ukraine. At the first stage there was a primary accumulation of capital. At this stage, the accumulation of capital was largely unearned and was not based on the voluntary association of private capital, but due to the policy and rapid dismantling of state-owned enterprises and the creation of various companies on their basis. Capital formation was carried out at the expense of the mechanism of large-scale and rapid redistribution of assets between industries and economic entities, as a result of the development of the principles of self-financing and self-financing, which began in the mid-80's of the twentieth century. The second stage is characterized by a positive rate of accumulation of capital. At this stage, the pace of GDP decline slowed down, and the pace of capital accumulation was positive. Positive features of the accumulation process were the global financial crisis of 1998. Due to the rapid devaluation of the hryvnia, the position of national producers strengthened and the domestic consumer market expanded significantly, and the process of import substitution began. At the third stage, negative rates of accumulation were noted.
Assessing the influence of domestic mechanisms of accumulation and overflow of capital on the peculiarities of the development of the domestic economic structure, it is necessary to note the rather high standard of gross fixed capital accumulation, which fluctuates within the limits of 20 - 25%. Despite the fact that the indicators for the formation and use of gross and net savings in Ukraine correspond to the proportions inherent in developed countries, the domestic economy is constantly experiencing a lack of investment, which is explained by the inadequate motivation of investors to implement large-scale investment and innovation projects, the ineffectiveness of the national system of transformation of savings in investment and Needs to improve the mechanisms of accumulation and overflow of capital and increase the role of the state in stimulating this process .
Popper – dogmatyzm - dialektyka
Authors: Kościuszko Krzysztof
Published: August 2018

W artykule udowadniam tezę, że Popper - mimo programowych haseł swego krytycznego racjonalizmu - jest dogmatykiem, że ma np. dogmatyczno-negatywne podejście do dialektyki. Choć krytykuje dialektykę sam jest dialektykiem. Widać to w Popperowskiej filozofii matematyki. Również jego falsyfikacjonizm jest stanowiskiem dogmatycznym. Powołuję się przy tym na Feyerabenda, Kuhana i Lakatosa.
Bezpieczeństwo jako wartość we współczesnej polityce zagranicznej
Authors: Błahut-Prusik Jadwiga
Published: August 2018

Wydarzenia z 11 września 2001 r. sprawiły że „bezpieczeństwo” stało się jedną z kluczowych kategorii w dyskusji nad kształtem stosunków międzynarodowych. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie, w jakim stopniu polityczny wymiar bezpieczeństwa wpisuje się w debatę normatywno-aksjologiczną. Umieszczając bezpieczeństwo poza dyskursem normatywnym, nie tylko tracimy możliwość jego całościowego ujęcia, lecz również narażamy się na ryzyko pojawiania się kuriozalnego odwrócenia, w którym to, co stanowiło pierwotny cel naszych działań, obraca się w swoje przeciwieństwo.
Corporate commitment, identification, ethical leadership and social responsibility
Authors: Zuhaira Marwah , Ye-Zhuang Tian , Azeez Karrar Abdulelah
Published: August 2018

This research tests the role that organizational commitment plays in the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organizational identification. Furthermore, the research assesses civic, ethical and moral ideals pertinent to leadership, as the above relation’s potential moderators, in the Southern Cement State Company of Iraq. Correlation analysis and linear regression help assess the relations among the study’s constructs and variables. Grounded in the data collected from 262 employees, the results affirm that CSR is associated positively with organizational identification. Organizational commitment plays a partial mediating role between CSR and organizational identification, while the civic, ethical and moral ideals pertinent to leadership, often used as a band aid in business enterprises and other societal organizations, do not seem significant. The generalizability of our results might be limited because we surveyed people from a single economic sector; this calls for future studies to verify the stability of our findings across another sectors and firms.
On business-enterprise organization: a praxis research
Authors: Georgantzas Nicholas C.
Published: August 2018

Indentured to trends emerging worldwide in business-enterprise organization, this article relays the transformation that ensued from the process of building a system dynamics (SD) model, intended to provide decision-support for a firm competing in high-sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) industry. The SD modeling process helped the client firm see a considerable increase in its daily revenue, with a potential increase in accounting profit of 62 percent per day. These benefits accrued from transforming the firm’s value chain of HSFO marketing and sales processes and operations, while facilitating the self-development of its internal capability to rely on the SD modeling process for strategy design and implementation tactics. Despite the study’s limitations as an action or praxis research, the article offers future research directions and policymaking recommendations, toward transforming business enterprises and other societal organizations into the high technology of self-organizing and self-governing societal human systems.
Compensation effects on job satisfaction and performance
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: August 2018

This study examines the effects of air traffic control (ATC) officers’ compensation on their job satisfaction and performance, in PT Angkasa Pura 1 (Persero). Using an explanatory-research method and stratified random sampling, data were collected from 208 ATC officers, at 13 branch offices. Their education ranging from high-school diplomas to postgraduate degrees, said ATC officers perform within four different work units: executive, functional, operational monitoring and structural. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, the empirical research results show that increasing ATC officers’ compensation enhances their job satisfaction and performance, but increasing their job satisfaction can actually decrease their performance. Synoptically, ATC officers’ compensation can have significantly positive effects on their job satisfaction and performance, yet relying on job satisfaction alone can have significantly negative effects on their performance.
Psychological and Mnemonic Benefits of Nostalgia for People with Dementia
Authors: Ismail Sanda , Christopher Gary , Dodd Emily , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Ingram Tom A. , Jones Roy W. , Noonan Krist A. , Tingley Danielle , Cheston Richard
Published: August 2018

Background:

Studies with non-clinical populations show that nostalgia increases psychological resources, such as self-esteem and social connectedness.

Objectives:

Our objectives were to find out if the benefits of nostalgia in non-clinical populations generalize to people with dementia and if nostalgia facilitates recall of dementia-related information.

Methods:

All three experiments recruited participants with mild or moderate levels of dementia. Experiment 1 tested whether nostalgia (compared to control) enhances psychological resources among 27 participants. Experiment 2 used music to induce nostalgia (compared to control) in 29 participants. Experiment 3 compared recall for self-referent dementia statements among 50 participants randomized to either a nostalgia or control condition. Findings across experiments were synthesized with integrative data analysis.

Results:

Nostalgia (compared to control) significantly increased self-reported social connectedness, meaning in life, self-continuity, optimism, self-esteem, and positive (but not negative) affect (Experiments 1–3). Compared to controls, nostalgic participants also recalled significantly more self-referent dementia-related information (Experiment 3).

Conclusion:

This series of experiments extends social psychological research with non-clinical populations into dementia care, providing evidence that nostalgia significantly enhances psychological resources. The finding that nostalgia increased recall of self-referent statements about dementia suggests that this emotion lends participants the fortitude to face the threat posed by their illness. The finding has potentially important clinical implications both for the development of reminiscence therapy and for facilitating adjustment to a diagnosis of dementia.
Lifetime Risk Factors for Functional and Cognitive Outcomes in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira , de Almeida Sandro Soares , Chen Elizabeth Suchi , Smith Marilia Cardoso , Naffah-Mazzacoratti Maria da Graça , Bertolucci Paulo Henrique Ferreira
Published: August 2018

Lifetime risk factors for cognitive and functional decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are not fully understood, and were prospectively evaluated in patients with low mean schooling from São Paulo, Brazil. Consecutive outpatients with late-onset AD were assessed for APOE haplotypes and the following potential baseline predictors: gender, schooling, age at dementia onset, lifetime urban living and sanitary conditions, occupational complexity, cognitive and physical activities, cerebrovascular risk factors (obesity, lifetime alcohol use and smoking, length of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a dyslipidemic profile), use of a pacemaker, creatinine clearance, body mass index, waist circumference, head traumas with unconsciousness, treated systemic bacterial infections, amount of surgical procedures under general anesthesia, and family history of AD. Participants were followed from October 2010 to May 2017 for baseline risk factor associations with time since dementia onset for Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-Mental State Examination score changes. For 227 patients (154 women, 119 APOE ε 4 carriers), later AD onset (mean 73.60±6.4 years-old, earlier for APOE ε 4/ ε 4 carriers, p < 0.001) was the only variable hastening all endpoints, baseline creatinine clearance and lifetime alcohol use were hazardous for earlier cognitive and functional endpoints, women had earlier cognitive endpoints only, and schooling had a cumulative protective effect over later cognitive endpoints, particularly for carriers of APOE ε 4. Exclusively for carriers of APOE ε 4, head traumas with unconsciousness were hazardous for earlier cognitive endpoints, while lifetime sanitary conditions were protective regarding later cognitive endpoints. Functional and cognitive outcomes in AD represent probable interactions between effects of brain reserve and cerebral perfusion over neurodegeneration.
Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Diabetes in Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia, and Mixed Dementia: Prevalence and Presentation
Authors: Javanshiri Keivan , Waldö Maria Landqvist , Friberg Niklas , Sjövall Fredrik , Wickerström Karin , Haglund Mattias , Englund Elisabet
Published: August 2018

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia with vascular dementia (VaD) being second alongside with mixed AD and VaD, according to some. For some time, it has been proposed that cardiovascular disease (CaVD), hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM), which are known risk factors for VaD, also are associated with and contribute to the development of AD.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of these proposed general risk factors, and to document presence of CaVD as evidenced from clinical records or from autopsy findings, further to correlate these with the diagnoses AD, VaD and mixed AD-VaD (MD), respectively.

Methods:

Autopsy reports at the Clinical Department of Pathology in Lund from 1992–2017 were analyzed. All cases with a complete autopsy report and a neuropathologically diagnosed dementia disorder (AD, VaD, or MD) were selected on the condition of a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Clinical data were retrieved through medical records and the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). A total of 268 subjects were included.

Results:

In AD, there was less CaVD as significantly less organ/tissue findings ( p < 0.05), significantly less hypertension ( p < 0.001), and likewise significantly less DM ( p = 0.0014) than in VaD, with the MD group results being set between these two in all aspects studied.

Conclusion:

AD and VaD exhibit such different profiles of organ and vascular damage as well as of hypertension and DM that they clearly point toward different pathogenic origin with low likelihood of shared risk factors.
Etiology of early onset neonatal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit – Mansoura, Egypt
Authors: Seliem W.A. , Sultan A.M.
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION:

This study was conducted to find out the bacterial causes of early onset neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility pattern for different classes of antibiotics in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Mansoura-Egypt.

METHODS:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. All admitted newborns to our study were infants at <72 hours of age with clinical features of sepsis or product of an in-house delivery at Mansoura University Hospital with risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Identification of Gram-negative isolates was confirmed by API 20E kits (bioMerieux). Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteria resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes were counted as multidrug resistant.

RESULTS:

One hundred eighty eight babies were admitted to our study. Positive blood culture was reported in 34.6% of newborn infants with prevalence of 4.02/1,000 live births. The most common isolated bacteria in early onset neonatal sepsis were coagulase negative staphylococci followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. The Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance to ampicillin 93.9% while all the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The isolated Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin [96.9%], amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [90.6%], cefotaxime [84.4%] and ceftazidime [84.4%]. Best sensitivity among all isolates was observed to imipenem. Multidrug resistance was observed among 45.5% of the Gram-positive and 68.8% of Gram-negative isolates.

CONCLUSION:

Appropriate identification of the source of infection and initiation of an effective management can reduce both mortality and morbidity associated with neonatal sepsis. The challenge is to initiate immediate empirical antibiotic therapy according to a strictly implemented updated antibiotic policy based on an individualized community established antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of microorganisms causing early onset neonatal sepsis.
Early feeding, hypoglycemia and breastfeeding initiation in infants born to women with pregestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cordero L. , Stenger M.R. , Landon M.B. , Nankervis C.A.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the effects of early breastfeeding (eBF) or early formula feeding (eFF) on hypoglycemia and on BF initiation in infants born to women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) who intended to BF.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort investigation of 554 women with PGDM and their infants (IDMs) who delivered during 2008–2016. The first feeding (BF or FF) was considered early if given within 4 hours from birth.

RESULTS:

282 (51%) IDMs were admitted to the Well Baby Nursery. Of the 134 IDMs whose early feeding was BF, hypoglycemia affected 30% which was corrected with oral feedings in 78% of the cases. At discharge, 49% BF exclusively while 45% BF partially. Of the 148 IDMs whose early feeding was FF, hypoglycemia affected 40% which was corrected with oral feedings in 69% of the cases. At discharge, 14% BF exclusively while 48% BF partially. There were 272 (49%) IDMs admitted to the NICU. Their early feeding was BF (14%) and FF (86%). Hypoglycemia developed in 50% and 43% of these groups, respectively. Benefits of early feedings on hypoglycemia were masked by the routine use of IV dextrose infusions. At discharge, early BF led to exclusive BF in 45% and partial BF in 50% of the cases. Early FF led to exclusive BF in 17% and partial BF in 42% of the cases.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early and continued feeding (BF preferably or FF if BF is not feasible) should be the first line of treatment for hypoglycemia. Early BF is paramount for BF initiation. Early FF is an obstacle, albeit not absolute, to BF initiation, thus it should not deter continued efforts to start or resume BF.
Discrimination of DNA and RNA distribution in a mammalian cell by scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy
Authors: Shinohara Kunio , Ito Atsushi , Ohigashi Takuji , Kado Masataka , Toné Shigenobu
Published: August 2018

Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy was applied to study the distribution of DNA and RNA in a mammalian cell at the spatial resolution of 400 nm. The relative distribution of DNA and RNA was examined by the SVD (singular value decomposition) method in aXis2000 program using combined full spectra of DNA and RNA at the absorption edge regions of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The absorption of nucleic acid was evaluated using 1s- π* transitions in the NEXAFS spectra at the nitrogen K absorption edge and distributed to DNA and RNA according to the relative level obtained above. The present results revealed the usefulness of the SVD method to discriminate closely related molecules such as DNA and RNA.
A COLEÇÃO MALACOLÓGICA DO MUSEU OCEANOGRÁFICO PROF. ELIÉZER DE CARVALHO RIOS, RS, BRASIL, COMO REPOSITÓRIO DA BIODIVERSIDADE BIOLÓGICA
Authors: De Oliveira Paula Spotorno , Costa Paulo Márcio Santos
Published: August 2018

As coleções biológicas são importantes fontes de informação e testemunhos de biodiversidade, permitindo o desenvolvimento de pesquisas existentes e futuras. Além da disseminação de conhecimento especializado para a comunidade científica, as coleções são de grande importância para a educação do público em geral, apoiando atividades do ensino fundamental à pós-graduação, tais como programas de educação ambiental. A manutenção dessas coleções auxilia na conservação de espécies ameaçadas, aumentando a conscientização pública para as questões ambientais e preservação da biodiversidade. Os museus são locais adequados para o armazenamento, manutenção e apresentação das coleções biológicas. Ao longo das últimas cinco décadas, o Museu Oceanográfico Prof. Eliézer de Carvalho Rios recebeu reconhecimento mundial por abrigar uma coleção de referência de ampla abrangência geográfica, reunindo mais de 52.000 lotes de amostras. Dada a sua representatividade, tanto numérica quanto qualitativa, ela desempenha papel importantíssimo na preservação da herança biológica e merece menção como um repositório da biodiversidade biológica de moluscos marinhos no Brasil.
COLEÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DO INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS DO MAR ALMIRANTE PAULO MOREIRA (IEAPM)
Authors: Monteiro Júlio César , Costa Luciana V. Granthom , Kassuga Alexandre Dias , De Messano Luciana V. R. , Apolinário Moacir , Coutinho Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Coleções    científicas    são    fundamentais    aos    estudos    da    biodiversidade    e    desde    2014,    o    “Instituto    de    Estudos    do    Mar    Almirante    Paulo    Moreira    (IEAPM)”    mantém    um    acervo    científico    dedicado    aos    organismos    bentônicos    e    incrustantes,    objetivando    garantir    informações    para    as    linhas    de    pesquisa    relacionadas    a    Taxonomia/Sistemática,    Filogeografia,    Biogeografia    e    Bioinvasão.    No    momento,    a    coleção    científica    contém    cerca    de    1.200    espécimes    dos    principais    grupos    taxonômicos    bentônicos,    como    Algae,    Porifera,    Cnidaria,    Polychaeta,    Mollusca,    Crustacea,    Bryozoa,    Ascidiacea,    além    de    uma    coleção    de    tecidos.    Os    moluscos    são    a    parte    mais    representativa    do    acervo,    correspondendo    a    aproximadamente    32%,especialmente    Gastropoda    e    Bivalvia,    com    destaque    para    as    famílias    Mytilidae,    Ostreidae,    Vermetidae    e    Calyptraeidae.    A    Coleção    Científica    do    IEAPM    representa    um    importante    panorama    da    biodiversidade    marinha,    principalmente    para    o    Estado    do    Rio    de    Janeiro.
SUSHI: RISCO MICROBIOLÓGICO?
Authors: Araújo Thais Danyelle Santos , Freitas Mário José De Sousa , Da Silva Samila Radany Oliveira , Rebouças Rosa Helena
Published: August 2018

A presença de estafilococos coagulase positiva e coliformes a 45ºC em alimento que será consumido cru representa  potencial risco à saúde do consumidor. Buscou-se averiguar a presença de bactérias pertencentes aos grupos dos  estafilococos e coliformes em  sushis confeccionados à base de salmão comercializados em Parnaíba/PI. Foram realizadas  análises para determinar as contagens de Bactérias Heterotróficas Cultiváveis (BHC), estafilococos coagulase positiva e  NMP de coliformes a 45ºC. Os resultados foram comparados aos limites aceitáveis pela RDC nº 12 de 2001 (ANVISA).  As contagens de BHC variaram de 1,3 x 10 5  a 4,0 x 10 7 UFC/g e 4,6 x 10 4  a 2,2 x 10 5  UFC/g para os estabelecimentos A  e B. As contagens de estafilococos coagulase positiva para as amostras coletadas no estabelecimento A indicaram níveis  acima do permitido e ausência para o estabelecimento B. A presença de coliformes a 45ºC foi confirmada para os dois  estabelecimentos, no entanto, 25% das amostras do estabelecimento B expressaram níveis acima do permitido. O presente  estudo demonstra o risco microbiológico em  sushi preparado à base de salmão cru ao confirmar a presença de bactérias  patogênicas em concentrações acima do permitido pela legislação nacional vigente.
A POPULAÇÃO DO MEXILHÃO Perna perna NO COSTÃO ROCHOSO DE PIÚMA-ES, E SUA UTILIDADE PARA AQUICULTURA
Authors: Matielo Marcelo Darós , De Souza Thiago Bernardo , Mendonça Pedro Pierro , Selvatici Paula Del  Caro , Junior Lucas Pedro Gonçalves
Published: August 2018

A mitilicultura é uma forma alternativa de várias famílias trabalharem reduzindo o extrativismo e pressão sobre  as populações naturais de mexilhão. O objetivo dessa investigação foi caracterizar a distribuição dos diferentes tamanhos  de sementes do mexilhão  Perna perna em um costão rochoso de Piúma, Espírito Santo, e avaliar sua exploração para  utilizá-las em projetos de cultivo. O trabalho foi realizado no Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo–Campus de Piúma, onde  foram analisadas 16 amostras em quatro tratamentos: T1 - início das sementes no costão; T2 - 1 metro abaixo do inicial;  T3 - 2 metros abaixo; T4 - 3 metros abaixo, cada um com quatro repetições em delineamento inteiramente casualizado.  Foram observadas, pelo teste de Shannon-Wiener, heterogeneidade na quantidade de sementes na faixa de 1,5 - 2,4 cm na  distribuição vertical; também nas de 1,5 - 2,4 cm e 3,6 - 4,5 cm na distribuição vertical por peso. A fauna acompanhante  também apresentou heterogeneidade.
PROCESSOS SEDIMENTARES SAZONAIS E ANÁLISE DA FRAÇÃO ARENOSA NO SISTEMA AMBIENTAL DO SUESTE, FERNANDO DE NORONHA, ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Barcellos Roberto L. , Lins Sayonara R. R. M. , Coelho Jr. Clemente , Travassos Paulo E. P. F.
Published: August 2018

O arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha é o topo de uma montanha vulcânica extinta, possui 21 ilhas e está localizado a 540 km de Recife-PE, no Atlântico Sul Equatorial (4°S/32°W). Devido à construção de uma barragem e uma estrada, a principal entrada de água doce para o sistema ambiental da baía do Sueste foi reduzida nos últimos anos, prejudicando o comportamento hidrológico e morfodinâmica da praia. O objetivo da pesquisa é a avaliação da análise da fração arenosa como uma ferramenta para o refinamento de dados sedimentológicos dos sedimentos superficiais do sistema ambiental do Sueste (praia, manguezal, laguna, dunas e baía), localizado no sudeste da ilha principal. Foram coletadas 146 amostras de sedimentos superficiais em sete trabalhos de campo sazonais entre os anos de 2010/2011. Os métodos de pesquisa incluem a análise da fração arenosa, granulométrica, do carbonato de cálcio e da matéria orgânica elementar e isotópica. As amostras coletadas foram, predominantemente, de areia fina, bem a moderadamente selecionadas e bioclásticas, apresentando alto teor carbonático (>90% em 83,5% das amostras). A análise da fração arenosa indicou uma homogeneidade espacial e temporal dos grãos, apresentando predominantemente índices BM de 0,80-0,85 indicando forte influência marinha nos processos sedimentares atuais, sendo composto principalmente de fragmentos de conchas de moluscos e corais. Os valores gerais dos dados obtidos foram também indicados na origem oceânica da matéria orgânica sedimentar (C/N<12 e δ13C>19‰PDB) e nas características erosivas dos perfis praiais.
Vibrio spp . COMO PATÓGENOS NA CARCINICULTURA: ALTERNATIVAS DE CONTROLE
Authors: Rebouças Rosa Helena , De Menezes Francisca Gleire Rodrigues , Vieira Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes , De Sousa Oscarina Viana
Published: August 2018

A carcinicultura é uma atividade importante da agroindústria em várias partes do mundo e que sofre perdas significativas devido à ocorrência de doenças. Dentre os agentes patogênicos, as bactérias do gênero Vibrio têm destaque pelos elevados índices de mortalidade registrados. O emprego de antibióticos é a opção mais frequente no combate a essas enfermidades, entretanto seu uso não criterioso aumenta a pressão seletiva sobre estirpes bacterianas resistentes no ambiente aquático, o que resulta em risco ambiental e para a saúde de animais e humanos. Novas tecnologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas no combate de doenças nos ambientes de cultivo de organismos aquáticos prevenindo assim, perdas econômicas. Esforços vêm sendo aplicados para a compreensão dos processos infecciosos e rotas de invasão das estirpes de Vibrio em camarões cultivados a fim de estabelecer melhores técnicas de combate aos patógenos. Procedimentos de biossegurança nos cultivos devem ser desenvolvidos integrando conceitos de saúde, nutrição, genética e qualidade ambiental para um efetivo controle e combate de enfermidades. Este trabalho de revisão tem como objetivo traçar um perfil sobre esse novo panorama que se desenha na atividade da carcinicultura e as alternativas no combate às vibrioses.
OCCURRENCE OF THE THREE SPOT GOURAMI Trichopodus trichopterus (ACTINOPTERYGII: OSPHRONEMIDAE) IN GUANABARA BAY, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Cavalcanti Mauro José , Lopes Paulo Roberto Duarte
Published: August 2018

A presença de Trichopodus trichopterus é registrada pela primeira vez habitando em manguezais na localidade de Porto do Rosa, município de São Gonçalo (22º47´S - 43º02´W), lado oriental da Baía de Guanabara, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A espécie está aparentemente estabelecida na área, onde pode ter sido introduzida por atividades de aquariofilia. Os potenciais impactos ambientais desta introdução no ecossistema local, já sob estresse pela poluição e destruição de habitats, são discutidos.
VARIAÇÃO EM PEQUENA ESCALA DA MACROFAUNA BENTÔNICA EM UMA PLANÍCIE DE MARÉ DO ESTUÁRIO DO RIO PACOTI - CEARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Aline Ferreira , Franklin-Júnior Wilson , Rocha-Barreira Cristina De Almeida
Published: August 2018

Em ambientes estuarinos, a interação entre as variações espaciais e temporais do ambiente controla a abundância e a diversidade dos organismos bentônicos. As feições do ambiente bentônico, bem como a variabilidade faunística, podem ser estudadas em diferentes escalas, sendo considerados fenômenos de pequena escala aqueles que caracterizam áreas de dezenas de m2 ou menos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura da macrofauna bentônica, correlacionando-a com as condições ambientais em pequena escala em uma planície de maré do estuário do rio Pacoti, Ceará. Uma área de 30x30 m sobre um banco areno-lamoso foi demarcada e subdividida em 9 subáreas de 10x10 m. A área apresentou alta similaridade faunística, verificando-se que as espécies se distribuíram em função das características do sedimento (a seleção do grão e os percentuais de carbonato de cálcio e de matéria orgânica), definindo assim a formação de agregações (manchas), ainda que pouco discriminadas, das espécies mais abundantes. As características espaciais em pequena escala representaram condições distintas que influenciaram na distribuição da macroinfauna, reforçando a íntima relação dos organismos bentônicos com os sedimentos e descrevendo um padrão de distribuição na área que, em avaliações horizontais de meso-escala, não seriam compreendidas.