bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تداعيات العقوبات الاقتصادية الأمريكية على الاقتصاد الإيراني للمدة (2010-2020)
Authors: م.م. فاطمة حسن جاسم
Published: January 2024

تعد العقوبات الاقتصادية الأمريكية على الاقتصاد الإيراني خلال الفترة من 2010 إلى 2020 من المواضيع ذات الأهمية القصوى، وقد ترتبت على هذه العقوبات تداعيات واسعة النطاق على الاقتصاد الإيراني، تتمثل في تأثيرها على مختلف القطاعات والصناعات والأفراد، وتهدف الدراسة إلى تحليل وفهم هذه التداعيات وأثرها على النمو الاقتصادي، الاستثمار، التجارة الخارجية، ومؤشرات البطالة في إيران، ستعتمد الدراسة على تحليل البيانات الاقتصادية الرسمية والمصادر الأكاديمية الموثوقة، مع التركيز على الفترة المشمولة بالعقوبات المذكورة، وتكشف هذه الدراسة عن تداعيات هذه العقوبات وتوفر رؤية أكثر تفصيلاً لتأثيرها على الاقتصاد الإيراني، مما يمكن أن يساهم في صنع القرارات المستقبلية ذات الصلة بالسياسة الاقتصادية في البلاد.
Qualidade do cuidado em saúde no bloco cirúrgico: avaliação a partir da satisfação dos pacientes
Authors: Costa Jefferson Dantas da , Oliveira Ingrid Kelly Morais , Marques Keila Maria de Azevedo Ponte , Vasconcelos Edvânia Lopes , Cardoso Maria Aparecida Fernandes , Souza Luciana Maria Montenegro Santiago
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade em saúde no Bloco Cirúrgico em um hospital. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 201 pacientes cirúrgicos hospitalizados. Utilizou-se o instrumento service performance para avaliar as dimensões da qualidade, além do grau de satisfação dos pacientes com o serviço. A análise estatística deu-se pelo cálculo das razões de prevalência e para uma análise mais detalhada foi utilizado a Análise dos Quartis. Resultados: O nível de satisfação geral dos pacientes foi 8,95% (n=18) relataram que estão satisfeitos e 2,48% (n=5) avaliou de uma forma neutra. Apenas 0,49% (n=1) estava insatisfeito e 58,20% (n=117) estavam totalmente satisfeitos. Quanto as dimensões de qualidade, a confiabilidade apresentou as principais prioridades a serem analizadas, relacionada à prestação dos serviços no prazo prometido (5,64) e no horário marcado (5,70), e o interesse em resolver os problemas dos pacientes (6,34). Já em relação ao atendimento, a habilidade dos funcionários responderem prontamente às solicitações dos pacientes (6,20), disposição dos funcionários a ajudar os pacientes (6,33) e com relação aos funcionários atenderem imediatamente seus pacientes (6,24). Conclusão: Destaca-se que o serviço possui boa percepção de qualidade pelos pacientes e que os apontamentos de prioridades críticas contribuirão para melhoria do bloco cirúrgico.
Percepção dos usuários sobre à assistência no centro de atenção psicossocial
Authors: Braz Patricia Rodrigues , Lomar Aline Fregulia , Almeida Otávio Rodrigo de , Almeida Ana Carolina Ribeiro
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura estudos que abordem as percepções dos usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) sobre a assistência em saúde mental ofertada no serviço.  Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura. A partir da formação de uma questão norteadora, foi realizado o levantamento de dados nas bases da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e da Web of Science e Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO) das produções científicas publicadas a partir de estudos realizados no Brasil desde 2002.  Foram elegíveis para análise 14 artigos.  Resultados: A maior satisfação dos usuários se refere à assistência e acolhimento da equipe nos serviços. Um fator amplamente levantado nos estudos diz respeito ao número de profissionais insuficiente para efetivar o tratamento de qualidade no serviço. No que concerne a organização, dispensação e orientação ofertadas sobre as medicações pelo serviço há distinções entre a satisfação e insatisfação. Considerações finais: esse estudo contribuiu para reflexões acerca da efetividade desses serviços na percepção dos usuários e, também, sobre a necessidade de investimento em políticas públicas para melhoria da qualidade da assistência.
Prevalência e características de recém-nascidos com anomalias congênitas em um município da região amazônica, 2001-2021
Authors: Gomes Alyne Louyse Batista , Melo Ana Isaura Menezes Plessim de , Borges Luis Eduardo Camilo de Oliveira , Jesus Júnior Ademir Pedro Clemente de , Monteiro Lorena Dias
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência e características de recém-nascidos com anomalias congênitas em Palmas, Tocantins entre 2001 e 2021. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com dados da Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DNV) do Departamento Nacional de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) utilizando os códigos do capítulo XVII da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), abarcando malformações congênitas, deformidades e anomalias cromossômicas de 2001 a 2021 em Palmas, Tocantins. A determinação das anomalias para notificação pelo Sinasc baseou-se na análise deste capítulo. Resultados: De 94.160 nascimentos 0,8% tiveram anomalias. A maior incidência foi em 2019 (12,7/mil). Mães de 20-29 anos representaram 49% dos casos, 67,8% eram pardas, e 57,9% tinham 8-11 anos de estudo. A maioria dos partos foi cesárea (61,5%), 55,8% eram do sexo masculino e 28% tinham baixo peso. As anomalias mais frequentes foram malformações osteomusculares (28,8%), circulatórias (11,8%) e deformidades nos pés (10,6%). Conclusão: Em Palmas, de 2001 a 2021, a prevalência de anomalias foi de 0,8%. Os resultados apontam desigualdades na saúde e a importância de melhorar a assistência pré-natal. Estudos adicionais e políticas públicas direcionadas são essenciais.
Correlação entre a prevalência de Chikungunya e fatores climáticos nas diferentes regiões de saúde do estado do Tocantins
Authors: Nascimento Rodrigo Araújo , Pacheco Flávia Cerqueira , Nascimento Bruno Araújo , Mariano Sandra Maria Botelho
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Correlacionar a prevalência de Chikungunya com fatores climáticos nas diferentes regiões de saúde do estado do Tocantins de 2016 a 2019. Métodos: O estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo analisou as possíveis relações existentes entre os casos confirmados de Chikungunya e fatores climáticos nas diferentes regiões de saúde do Tocantins de 2016 a 2019. As informações foram concebidas pela Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Tocantins e coletadas no site do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e gráficos e submetidos a análise estatística. Resultados: 2017 foi o ano com maior número de casos de Chikunguinya. Após aplicação do teste de Spearman, apenas uma região de saúde apresentou significância para a correlação analisada. As maiores incidências foram na época chuvosa para a maioria das regiões de Saúde. Conclusão: No período chuvoso ou até dois meses posteriores, tem-se mais casos confirmados que nos demais meses. Foi verificada correlação significante ao nível de 5% na região de saúde Bico do Papagaio. O estudo revela que a incidência da doença está relacionada com fatores climáticos no Tocantins. A possível subnotificação de casos pode ter limitado a análise que se buscou estabelecer.
Functioning of the Terms of the Yakut Ethnic Culture in Scientific Russian Texts
Authors: Васильева А.А.
Published: January 2024

В статье рассматриваются переводческие приемы передачи национальных реалий, которые в научных текстах на русском языке выступают в роли терминов материальной и духовной культуры якутов. Переводческие приемы транскрипции, транслитерации, подбора функциональных аналогов и эквивалентов, а также приемы описания реалии в данной статье также рассматриваются как способы образования терминов с помощью перевода. В сближении переводоведения и терминоведения на материале терминов якутской культуры заключается новизна исследования. Целью работы является выявление и описание переводческих приемов при формировании вторичной терминосистемы якутской национальной культуры в научных текстах на русском языке. Для достижения этой цели решаются следующие задачи: классифицировать собранный по тематическому принципу материал согласно универсальной классификации приемов передачи безэквивалентной лексики; описать особенности применения переводческих приемов, которые обуславливаются лингвистической спецификой языковой пары «якутский и русский языки»; охарактеризовать особенности функционирования якутских терминов-реалий во вторичной языковой среде. В исследовании были использованы методы сплошной выборки материала, статистические методы подсчета и сравнения лексических единиц; методы наблюдения и сравнения при работе с тематическими выборками, методы анализа и синтеза при описании процессов формирования вторичной терминосистемы якутской национальной культуры на русском языке. На основе своих наблюдений автор выявляет проблемы якутско-русского перевода, требующие дальнейшего изучения и решения, – транскрипция и транслитерация при общем кириллическом алфавите контактирующих языков, а также широкая вариативность переводных терминов национальной культуры и их дефиниций.
High energy dissipation rates from the impingement of free paper-thin sheets of liquids: Determination of the volume of the energy dissipation zone
Authors: Demyanovich Robert
Published: January 2024

The micromixing time of impinging thin liquid sheets depends upon the energy dissipation rate (ε). The kinetic energy released by the impingement has been previously studied and was found to be a function of the coefficient of restitution of the collision. In this work, the volume within which the released energy is dissipated was investigated. The energy dissipation volume was determined by measuring the time required for the velocity of the liquid prior to the collision to be reduced to the velocity after the collision. The experimental results showed that the time required for the velocity change was approximately equal to the residence time of liquid in the impingement zone. A new equation for ε was developed and compared with turbulence theory. This comparison showed that the large-eddy turnover time was approximately equal to the impingement zone residence time. The large-eddy kinetic energy was found to decay exponentially with time.
Recent advancement and applications of mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Sampath Kumar Bharath
Published: January 2024

Analysis concerning the spatial distribution of biomolecules in complex surfaces can be accomplished with mass spectrometry imaging [MSI]. The in situ direct determination of the abundance of lipids, peptides, proteins, and metabolites in segments of tissues enables MSI to be an effective technique. Molecule-specific visualization can be accomplished utilizing a variety of ionization techniques, each of which generates data with great spatial and mass accuracy and is suitable for a particular application. A chemical microscope that may be utilized for straightforward biomolecular assessment of histopathological tissue surfaces is generated through the integration of molecular classification with regional assessment. MSI effectively enables label-free identification and mapping of a variety of biological compounds, the presence or absence of which may be an obvious indication of disease pathogenesis. The MSI protocol's several phases must be carefully adhered to if one wants to detect the target analytes with the necessary spatial resolution. When combined with other imaging modalities, MSI can be used to ascertain the connection between changes in the spatial distribution of essential chemicals and other differences in the properties of the tissue. The findings of the examined empirical research illustrate how MSI represents a viable experimental approach with an assortment of applications. The paper will concentrate on technical developments, applications, challenges, and MSI's prospects moving forward.
Endergonic synthesis of Diels-Alder adducts enables non-equilibrium adaptive behaviors in chemical reaction networks
Authors: Al Shehimy Shaymaa , Le Hai-Dang , Di Noja Simone , Amano Shuntaro , Monari Luca , Ragazzon Giulio
Published: January 2024

The overwhelming majority of artificial chemical reaction networks respond to stimuli relaxing towards an equilibrium state. The opposite response – moving away from equilibrium – can afford the endergonic synthesis of molecules, of which only rare examples have been reported. Here, we report six examples of Diels-Alder adducts accumulated in an endergonic process and use this strategy to realize adaptive phenomena. Indeed, systems respond to repeated occurrences of the same stimulus by increasing the amount of adduct formed, with the final network distribution depending on the number and frequency of stimuli received. Our findings indicate how endergonic processes can contribute to the transition from responsive to adaptive systems.
Graphitic C6N6-supported Dual Cu/Zn Single-Atom Catalyst Mimicking Allosteric Regulation for Intelligent Switching Biosensing
Authors: Hong Qing , Zhu Caixia , Wang Kaiyuan , Li Wang , Xu Yuan , Wang Zhuang , Wu Kaiqing , Zhou Zhixin , Shen Yanfei , Liu Songqin , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: January 2024

Self-adaptability is highly envisioned for artificial devices such as robots with chemical noses. To this end, seeking catalysts with reversibly switchable functions is promising but generally hampered by mismatched initial valence state of transition metal active centers and electronic structures. Herein, we report a graphitic C6N6-supported dual Cu/Zn single-atom catalyst with a synergistic effect (Cu/Zn-C6N6). It could not only rely on the Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox reaction with promotion from Zn to exhibit a remarkable superoxide dismutase-like (SOD) performance, but also activate Cu(I)/Cu(0) redox reaction to highly switch a marginable peroxidase-like (POD) activity, in which the initial oxidation state was transformed by a photoreduction. The multiformity of the cycles between different valence states for the same catalytic active center makes the reaction activity capable of being reversible switch, the switch efficiency can reach more than 90%. As a proof-of-concept application, Cu/Zn-C6N6 was further confined to a microfluidic chip and applied to a single-interface biosensor with reversibly switched ability in detecting xanthine and glucose in vitro.
“Invisible” ligands stabilize colloidal melanin particles – the case of L-DOPA
Authors: Vercruysse Koen , Govan Venise , Winford Jaila
Published: January 2024

This report details observations that the in vitro synthesis of L-DOPA-based melanin leads to a two-component material: dark-colored aggregates stabilized by colorless ligands. Despite the appearance of dissolution, the melanin materials generated behave as dispersed, colloidal particles. All dispersible materials can, in part, be aggregated and precipitated through the addition of mono- or multivalent cations but in a non-linear, concentration-dependent fashion. The addition of cationic species, at sufficiently high concentrations, fractionates the colloids into a dark precipitate and a dispersible, colorless fraction. Precipitated aggregates could be redispersed in water through the addition of sufficiently high concentrations of KCl; an additional indicator of their colloidal nature. The dispersible fraction exhibits absorbance in the UVA and UVB range of the electromagnetic spectrum, but little to no absorbance in the visible range. The fractionated melanins were characterized using liquid chromatography, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Based upon the results presented we suggest a model for synthetic melanins as colloidal particles built from a dark-colored core aggregate stabilized by a set of colorless ligands.
High-Efficiency Non-Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Imine Macrocycles
Authors: Roszkowska Patrycja , Scholes Abbie , Walsh James L , Easun Timothy L , Slater Anna Grace
Published: January 2024

Macrocycles are candidates for wide-ranging applications, yet their synthesis can be low-yielding, poorly reproducible, and resource-intensive, limiting their use. Here, we explore the use of Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) as an efficient method for the synthesis of imine macrocycles. NTP-mediated macrocyclisations consistently achieved high yields of up to 97 % in reduced reaction times compared to the standard non-plasma method, and were successfully carried out with a range of different aldehyde substrates. Control experiments were performed to explore the origin of the observed improvements. The results indicate that NTP methods could be advantageous for macrocycle synthesis, particularly for substrates that are sensitive to elevated temperature, and other materials formed via imine condensation.
Digital Light 3D Printing of Double Thermoplastics with Customizable Mechanical Properties and Versatile Reprocessability
Authors: Zhu Guangda , von Coelln Nadine , Hou Yi , Vazquez-Martel Clara , A. Spiegel Christoph , Tegeder Petra , Blasco Eva
Published: January 2024

Digital light processing (DLP) is a 3D printing technology offering high resolution and speed. Printable materials are usually based on multifunctional monomers, resulting in the formation of thermosets that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. Some efforts have been made in DLP 3D printing of thermoplastic materials. However, these materials exhibit limited and poor mechanical properties. Here, we present a new strategy for DLP 3D printing of thermoplastics using two polymers with contrasting mechanical properties, where stiff and flexible linear polymers are sequentially constructed. The inks consist of two vinyl monomers, which lead to the stiff linear polymer, and α-lipoic acid to form the flexible linear polymer via thermal ring-opening polymerization in a second step. By varying the ratio of stiff and flexible polymers, the mechanical properties can be tuned with Young's modulus ranging from 1.1 GPa to 0.7 MPa, while the strain at break increased from 4% to 574%. Furthermore, these 3D-printed thermoplastics allow for a variety of reprocessability pathways including self-healing, solvent casting, reprinting, and closed-loop recycling of the flexible polymer, contributing to the development of a sustainable materials economy. Last, we demonstrate the potential of the new material in applications ranging from soft robotics to electronics.
INSPEKSI KESELAMATAN JALAN DI RUAS JALAN NASIONAL KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Prastiyo Imam Budy
Published: January 2024

Abstract

 

Traffic accidents are often caused by traffic infrastructure conditions that do not meet safety standards. In addition, the interaction between humans and road conditions makes a significant contribution to traffic accidents. Poor road surface conditions, inappropriate geometric design, and lack of road signs can also cause traffic accidents. Road safety inspections are needed to create safer roads, and are used to identify problems and prevent more costly road repairs. The research method used in this study includes the preparation stage, conducting research, and reporting research results. The primary data used was obtained through an inventory survey, while the secondary data required includes national road network data, previous research results, and relevant guidelines or regulations. The results of road safety inspections on 15 national roads in Jambi City show deficiencies in roads, road equipment and ancillary structures, both in quantity and quality.

 

Keywords: traffic accident; traffic infrastructure; road safety inspections; road deficiency

 

 

Abstrak

 

Kecelakaan lalu lintas seringkali disebabkan oleh kondisi prasarana lalu lintas yang tidak memenuhi standar keselamatan. Selain itu, interaksi antara manusia dan kondisi jalan memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap kecelakaan lalu lintas. Kondisi permukaan jalan yang buruk, desain geometrik yang tidak tepat, dan kurangnya perambuan di jalan juga dapat menjadi penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas. Inspeksi keselamatan jalan diperlukan untuk menciptakan jalan yang lebih aman dan selamat, serta digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah dan mencegah perbaikan jalan dengan biaya yang lebih besar. Metode penelitian ini meliputi tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan penelitian, pelaporan hasil penelitian. Data primer yang digunakan diperoleh melalui survei inventarisasi, sedangkan data sekunder yang dibutuhkan mencakup data jaringan jalan nasional, hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya, dan pedoman atau regulasi yang relevan. Hasil inspeksi keselamatan jalan di 15 ruas jalan nasional di Kota Jambi menunjukkan adanya defisiensi pada jalan, pada perlengkapan jalan, dan pada bangunan pelengkap, baik secara kuantitas maupun secara kualitas.

 

Kata-kata kunci: kecelakaan lalu lintas; prasarana lalu lintas; inspeksi keselamatan jalan; defisiensi jalan
Editorial
Authors: Palacio Munoz Manuel Dario
Published: January 2024

Es conocida la tesis de Kierkegaard de que Abraham no puede ser tomado como un ejemplo moral, así sea tenido por el padre de la fe. La idea de Kierkegaard no es desestimar la valía moral del patriarca, sino reconocer que la transparente relación que se ha hecho entre filosofía moral y religión puede resultar errada, e incluso, peligrosa. Y es que considerar la vida espiritual como una de las formas de la vida moral puede, en todo caso, dinamitar la perspectiva misma de la vida espiritual.
Exposure to digital vape marketing among young people in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Lyons Antonia , Moewaka Barnes Angela , Goodwin Ian , Carah Nicholas , Young Jessica , Spicer John , McCreanor Timothy
Published: January 2024

aims: Little is known about the exposure of young people in Aotearoa New Zealand to marketing of vape products on social media. This study investigated vaping behaviour and the extent of vape marketing exposure and engagement that young people (14–20 years) report on social media and examined differences across socio-demographic groups. methods: An online survey was conducted with 3,698 participants aged between 14–20 years (M=17.1; SD=1.8). A range of genders (55.7% females, 38.3% males and 6% another gender), ethnicities (25.6% Māori, 46.7% Pākehā or NZ European, 6.5% Pasifika and 21.2% another ethnicity) and social classes took part. results: Half (50.8%; n=1,110) of the respondents (N=2,185) reported that they had vaped at least once; vaping history was positively related to exposure to and engagement with digital vape marketing. Half (50.3%; n=1,119) of the respondents (N=2,224) reported seeing vape marketing on at least one social media platform. Binary logistic regressions showed that younger respondents were more likely to report seeing vape marketing than older respondents, and Māori and Pasifika more likely than other ethnicities. Over a quarter (26%; n=563) of respondents (N=2,148) reported engaging with vape marketing online, with Māori and Pasifika respondents more likely to engage than other ethnicity groups, and similarly for respondents of lower compared to higher socio-economic status. No interaction effects were found. conclusions: Many young people, including a subset under the legal age for purchase, reported seeing vape product marketing on social media platforms. Patterns of exposure to vape product marketing on social media mirror the inequitable marketing exposure of harmful commodities in physical environments. Improved transparency and regulation of social media marketing is required.
Opiate prescription after hip and knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Atkinson Bradley , Oldfield William , Sim Hannah , Sandiford Nemandra
Published: January 2024

aims: Excessive opiate analgesia in relation to orthopaedic surgery is associated with morbidity and mortality. Pre-operative use of opiates is associated with higher post-operative use. There is little information about opiate prescribing practices in relation to elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in New Zealand rural centres. The aims of this study were to describe opiate use before, immediately after and 1 year after TJA, and to compare prescribing practices with local guidelines. methods: A retrospective cohort study of elective primary hip and knee arthroplasties was conducted between January 2018 and April 2019. Opiate use was evaluated from clinical records and from electronic prescribing records and described in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) with a particular focus on pre-operative and post-operative periods, and use after 1 year. results: In the study period, 199 patients underwent 203 joint arthroplasties. Of these, data from 157 patients were analysed. Patient data were not analysed because of unavailable files (N=20), non-elective procedures (N=11), bilateral arthroplasties (N=4), deaths (N=4) and incomplete information (N=3). Pre-operative opiates were used by 92 (59%) patients, of whom 70 (76%) were not using opiates after 1 year. There were 126 (80%) patients who were discharged with opiate prescriptions and the vast majority, 121 (96%), did not receive discharge prescriptions that conformed to local guidelines. conclusion: Despite undergoing joint arthroplasty, about one quarter of patients who had been prescribed opiates before the operation were still receiving opiates after 1 year. There was poor compliance with local guidelines.
An (Anti)colonial Genealogy: Exploring Pākehā Challenges to White Settler Colonialism in the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-First Centuries
Authors:   , Goldthorpe Hayley
Published: January 2024

This thesis is about how Pākehā can be auxiliaries to the contemporary decolonial struggle. To address this present, I orient to the past. I propose that there exists a genealogy of Pākehā (anti)colonial action and that critically remembering, reflecting, and drawing upon such a genealogy can help guide ethical and meaningful Pākehā contribution to decolonisation. The titular ‘(anti)colonial’ analytic befits this critical interrogation and is used to refer to action that either is, or purports to be, against white settler colonisation yet simultaneously enacts, perpetuates, and/or advances white settler colonial harm. To outline the proposed genealogy, I use three case studies of Pākehā (anti)colonial action, one for each century since the formal British annexation of Aotearoa New Zealand in 1840. These case studies are: the evangelical humanitarians’ Pamphlet War protest of the Waitara dispute and ensuing First Taranaki War, the Anti-Springbok Tour protests, and the recent campaigns for Aotearoa New Zealand history to be taught in schools. Each of these historical moments is narrated with emphasis on the context of white settler colonialism and how the Pākehā agents acted within it, and how (and if) they acted with and listened to Māori. The thesis discussion then combines all three case studies and reiterates their genealogical framing, explicating on this and its utility through a hauntological and utopian lens. I emphasise how white settler colonialism is not relegated to the past, and how, only through critical engagement in our own white settler colonial history and reckoning with our own positionalities, can we draw strength from past (anti)colonial Pākehā action.
Frugal Innovation and Digital Effectuation
Authors:   , Khanal Prem
Published: January 2024

Evidence of human ingenuity to solve complex everyday problems with elegant solutions in adverse conditions can be seen across the globe. The study of frugal innovation attempts to theorize such problem-solving efforts in constrained environments. Ubiquitous digital technologies influence the way these problems are perceived, and the way solutions are conceived, developed, deployed, and consumed. This dissertation explores how entrepreneurs can exploit modern-day digital technologies and platforms to develop frugal solutions that have the potential to transform the lives of millions living at the bottom of the economic pyramid. In the last decades, the lens of effectuation theory has provided many insights about the entrepreneurial journey of such innovators, by articulating the logic that drives their mindset, actions, decisions, and resourcefulness. In this dissertation, we extend the theory of effectuation into ‘digital effectuation’ and use this lens to explore and develop models of IT-enabled frugal innovation processes and outcomes.

The empirical context of this dissertation about digital effectuation involves two studies of entrepreneurs in four countries that span a range of frugal contexts. The first is a comparative, theory development case study of seven entrepreneurs in Japan, Nepal, and New Zealand which empirically examines how the use and functionalities of digital technology aid effectuation action in frugal innovation endeavors. Our findings show that both conventional and unconventional usage of digital technologies extend effectual actions in unique ways that enhance both process and outcome of venture creation. The second is a single case study of an Indian entrepreneur which explores the macroeconomic and cultural development outcomes of frugal innovation that is enabled by digital effectuation. This study illustrates how grassroots entrepreneurs enacting digital effectuation in a frugal innovation endeavor can create ripple effects of social (cultural) and economic development that benefits a wider community of contributors and consumers. The dissertation extends entrepreneurship and information systems theories of frugal entrepreneurship by linking digital technologies and entrepreneurial effectuation actions. It also contributes to the literature on ICT for development (ICT4D) by illustrating how digital entrepreneurship has the potential not only to bring about economic benefits, but also to stimulate local culture production, an impact of digital entrepreneurship often overlooked in the literature.
INCEDENCE OF THERMODURIC ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT Bacillus AND Enterococcus SPECIES IN SOME DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Elsaid Magdy , Elshaer Manal , Bayoumi Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Livestock meat is considered a potential source of human infection, therefore evaluation of the infection rate with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in these animals’ meat is needed for public health protection. Serum and meat samples were collected from slaughtered animals (n=106) (27 sheep, 42 cattle and 37 camels) from slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate, located in southern Egypt. T. gondii infection status was detected by Latex agglutination test (LAT), microscopic examination and PCR.  Our results revealed that the overall prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies among serum samples was 48.1 % using LAT. Male sheep, cattle, and camels had a higher positive percentage (42.9 %, 69.4% and 33.3 %, respectively) than females (40 %, 50 % and 30.8 %, respectively). The infection rate of T. gondii was higher in adult sheep and camels, while it was lower in adult cattle (64.5 %) than in young (72.7 %). There was a high statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the animal species using LAT. T. gondii trophozoites were detected microscopically in 47.1 % of meat samples, while T. gondii DNA was detected in 56.9 % by using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (cPCR) based B1 gene. There was no significant difference between the results of both microscopy and PCR methods. In conclusion, PCR outperforms LAT in the detection of T. gondii infection and can thus be applied to routine diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in red meat producing animals.Key words: Aswan; camel ; cattle ; Egypt;  LAT; PCR; red meat; sheep; Toxoplasma gondii
THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITIES OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATES FROM COW MILK
Authors: Abou-Khadra Sally , El-Amin Amina , Al-Otaibi Saad , Fahmy Hanan
Published: January 2024

Biofilm-producing ability has been identified as a serious virulence factor in staphylococci and increases their antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate the biofilm forming ability of staphylococci isolated from cow milk samples. Moreover, we assessed the antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against methicillin resistant (MRSA) and biofilm forming staphylococci. The results revealed that 82.14% (23/28) and 91.66% (11/12) of the coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) isolates, respectively produced biofilm on Congo red agar (CRA). In the case of the microtiter plates (MTP) method, all CPS and CNS isolates produced biofilm at different levels. These results revealed a substantial agreement between CRA and MTP results according to the kappa coefficient test (kappa value = 0.773).  Staphylococcus aureus species specific nuc gene and the determinant of methicillin resistance (mecA) gene were amplified from S. aureus isolates (n=10). The intercellular adhesion gene A (icaA), and intercellular adhesion gene D (icaD) were amplified from all the CPS and CNS isolates, but none of the isolates were positive for the biofilm associated protein (bap) gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were oxacillin resistant. AgNPs (100 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of Staphylococci isolates (inhibition zone diameters ranged from 22 to 28 mm). AgNPs decreased biofilm formation in the biofilm forming Staphylococci isolates with percent ranged from 67.05 to 98.02% using MTP assay. In conclusion, AgNPs have antistaphylococcal activity and inhibit biofilm formation.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES, AND FLAGELLIN TYPING OF THERMOPHILIC Campylobacter SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEIC HUMANS, RAW MILK, AND BROILER NICHES
Authors: El-Naenaeey El-sayed , Abd El-Aziz Norhan , Sewid Alaa , Hashem Asmaa , Hefny Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Animal-to-human transmission is frequently linked to commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, as Campylobacter species. We provide a better insight into the existence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) and flagellinA (flaA) genes in different antimicrobial resistance patterns (pandrug-resistance (PDR), extensive drug-resistance (XDR) and multidrug-resistance (MDR)] in Campylobacter species recovered from chickens, milk, and human sources in Egypt. Campylobacter species isolation rate was 89.44%, being 79.50%  and 20.50% for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. Animal samples (chickens and raw milk) showed a higher prevalence of C. coli (21.17%); whereas C. jejuni was highly documented in human samples (83.33%). Testing of antimicrobial susceptibilities revealed that none of the examined campylobacters was pansusceptible, while PDR (1.86%), XDR (65.53%), and MDR (32.61%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 50%, and13.16% of the isolated campylobacters were positive for the cdt and flaA genes, respectively. Interestingly, all flaA-positive isolates were cdt-positive C. jejuni. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) assay revealed a genetic diversity among flaA harboring isolates presented as three different RFLP patterns of varying sizes ranged from 112 to 647 bp, where flaA-RFLP pattern-I is overrepresented in C. jejuni isolates from various origins (human, milk, and chicken sources). Evidence from this study showed the possibility of treatment failure in campylobacteriosis due to the existence of resistant isolates to all antimicrobial drugs (PDR) and the marked genetic variability of flaA-RFLP pattern that is useful in the epidemiological issues.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FETAL AND NEONATAL LIVER-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FROM RABBITS
Authors: Elsheikh Esraa , EL-Hady Enas , Abdallah Somia , Selem Atef , Konsowa Mervat
Published: January 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) became in recent years a promising implement for cell therapies. Our study described the isolation and characterization of liver mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs). We isolated LMSCs from the rabbit liver tissue from two groups: 20th day's old fetuses and 4 days-old kittens. LMSCs were characterized by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry of the isolated LMSCs showed variable expression of the cluster of differentiation markers (CD) including, CD105, CD106, CD11b, CD38, CD63, CD9, and CD14. Fetal liver isolated LMSCs showed expression of CD105, CD106, CD9, and CD63 but no expression of CD14, CD11b, and CD38 was observed. Absolute expression of LMSCs was performed by qRT-PCR analysis to detect cytoskeleton genes including, vimentin, nestin, and desmin in the experimental groups. In vivo localization of stem cell markers such as CD105 (Endoglin), vimentin, and desmin was also distinguished in fetal and neonatal liver tissues using IHC.
THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF THYMOL AGAINST METHOMYL- INDUCED TOXICITY IN MALE RATS: CLINICO-BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNO-HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
Authors: Aboushouk Asmaa , Mehana El- Sayed , Oda Samah , Hashem Mohamed , El- Karim Dina
Published: January 2024

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the presumptive protective effect of thymol (T) against methomyl (M) - induced toxicity in male albino rats. Therefore, forty adult healthy male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups as follow: control group, intoxicated group received methomyl (4 mg/kg b.wt./day), treated group received thymol (100 mg/kg b.wt.), and co-treated group received both methomyl and thymol with the previous doses.  The treatment regimens were given orally three times a week, day after day, for eight weeks. Biochemically, the M- intoxicated rats revealed a significant increase in the serum aminotransferases (ALT& AST) and gamma glutamyle transferase (GGT) activities, total, direct and indirect bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), urea, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, in addition to a significant decrease in serum albumin and testosterone levels with a significant increase in the percentage of sperm abnormalities in comparison with the control rats.  Regarding to the histopathological examination, M- intoxicated group showed degenerative and necrotic lesions in the hepatic, renal and testicular tissues. But, the co- treatment with thymol ameliorated the M- induced biochemical alterations, oxidative stress and apoptosis and improved tissues architecture. It could be concluded that co-treatment with thymol may provide a prolonged remedy against methomyl -induced toxicity.
COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS GENOTYPES VII IN CHICKENS AND DUCKS
Authors: EL-Morshidy Yassmin , El-Habashi Nagwan , Abd EL–Dayem Ghada , El sawak Ahmed , Abdo Walied
Published: January 2024

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious virus infects a wide range of avian species including chicken and ducks. The disease can be fatal for many types of them. It was believed that ducks and geese act as natural reservoirs of NDV because of their natural resistance. Recently, NDV isolates were pathogenic for ducks. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic NDV genotype VII in white Ross commercial broiler chickens and Mallard ducks on the basis of clinical, histological observation and immunohistochemistry findings of virus antigen through studying the sequential pathological lesions of both species at 2nd, 5th and 10th dpi. Both species were inoculated via intranasal route by NDV genotype VII (accession number MT887290). Clinical lesions and mortalities were evident mostly in chickens rather than in ducks. Respiratory, digestive and nervous signs were clearly manifested in chickens. Ducks showed low level of mortalities and the nervous signs were the most obvious symptoms. Microscopic findings of chickens showed severe pancreatitis, pneumonia, enteritis as well as pericarditis and brain malacia. Similar findings were noticed in ducks but with lower degree of severity. Brain lesions in ducks included encephalitis and perivascular reaction mostly within the cerebellar tissue. Immunohistochemistry reaction against NDV antigen showed marked immunostaining within epithelial cells, purkinje cells and inflammatory cells mostly the macrophages. The immunohistochemistry reaction was correlated with the pathological findings in both species. In conclusion, the mortality and lesions of NDV in both species were correlated with systemic alterations associated with pancreatitis, pneumonia and encephalopathy. Moreover, the obtained data revealed possible susceptibility of ducks to NDV genotype VII, which might be need forthcoming viral vaccination strategy for ducks against NDV.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE COMMON EMERGING VIRAL DISEASES AFFECTING DUCKS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON EGYPTIAN SITUATION
Authors: Abd El-Ghany Wafaa
Published: January 2024

Poultry production is considered as a major source of livelihood for millions of people all over the world. In the last decades, domestic ducks have become increasingly important for meat and egg production. Ducks are susceptible to some specific important viral diseases. Duck viral hepatitis, and duck viral enteritis are diseases of significant importance with severe drastic losses for the world as well as the Egyptian duck industry. This review article aims to discuss these emerging duck viral diseases regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and control with a special reference to the Egyptian situation.
PROPHYLACTIC AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ALLICIN AGAINST GOATS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH COLIBACILLOSIS
Authors: Attia Noura , Bayoumi Yasmin , Bahnass Mosa
Published: January 2024

The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of allicin against goats experimentally infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli).Twelve native breed goats, one year old, belonging to the private farms of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups (4 goats each); prophylactic group (G1) received allicin “2.7 mg/kg twice daily” then infected with E. coli, treatment group (G2) was experimentally infected with E. coli, then received the above mentioned allicin dose and lastly untreated control group (G3) were remained without any interference. All goats were exposed to complete and comprehensive clinical examination. Blood samples were collected from jugular veins of goats to determine blood pictures and some selective parameters. Clinical investigation of goats revealed a significant increase of mean rectal temperature, heart and respiration rates on the 7th day in G2 till the 28th day. Hematological analysis showed that oral administration of allicin had no significant effect on the hematological parameters, hemoglobin (Hb),  red blood cells (RBCs) and packed cell volume (PCV)”. A significant increase in white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophils on the7th, 14th, 17th and 28th days in both treated groups was observed . Biochemical analysis showed significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both groups following E. coli inoculation then decreased significantly till retuned to the normal range on the 28th day. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased significantly on the 7th day in G1 but it significantly decreased in G2 during the same period then increased significantly on both groups till the 28th day. Immunological results showed marked increase in both research treated groups. Allicin administration increase the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin- 12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in both infected groups than in the untreated control one.
IMPACT OF USING DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF OIL WITH EMULSIFIER ON BROILERS PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY, AND LIPID PROFILE
Authors: EL-Sayed Kamel Asmaa , EL-Eraky Wafaa , Razik Walaa Abdel , Metwally Abdallah E.
Published: January 2024

This work was done to investigate the effect of dietary emulsifier supplementation (Lipidol) in different life stages of broilers (Ross 308) with different soybean oil levels with or without a reduced energy diet (-50 Kcal/Kg) on growth performance, digestibility, serum lipid profiles, carcass traits, and some minerals deposition in the whole body and tibia of broilers during a 42-day rearing period. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to sixteen experiment groups, three replicates of five birds each. The birds with a 4 × 2 factorial design received either four levels of soybean oil (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5% of diet) or two levels of energy [recommended energy (control) or reduced energy (RE)]. The results described that dietary addition of an emulsifier to the control group significantly increased (P < 0.05) body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), decreased feed intake, and improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all periods except BWG and FCR during the finisher period, which showed non-significant difference. Moreover, the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the whole body and tibia in all periods was significantly increased. The addition of an emulsifier significantly increased the dressing percent (P < 0.05) and abdominal fat percent (P < 0.0001),whereas there was non-significant difference among all groups in dressing %, intestine, gizzard, liver, and abdominal fat % by interaction, and all carcass traits were not affected by different levels of oil. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations also were decreased (P < 0.05) by emulsifier supplementation during all periods. Meanwhile, increased triglyceride levels were detected during starter and finisher periods. Fat and dry matter digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) by emulsifier supplementation in the group fed the lowest oil level. In conclusion, growth performance, digestibility, cholesterol, and bone quality were improved by dietary lipidol supplementation to reduced energy diets to a level that reached the control.
ANALISIS MINAT INVESTASI KEUANGAN MAHASISWA (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Semarang)
Authors: Pramesti Diva Edningtyas Gita , Indriasari Ika , Darmaputra M Fadjar
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pada Literasi Keuangan, Perilaku Keuangan dan Financial Technology terhadap minat Investasi Keuangan Mahasiswa. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, di mana teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dengan sampel sebanyak 350 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Variabel Literasi Keuangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Investasi Keuangan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,036. Variabel Perilaku Keuangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Investasi Keuangan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Serta Variabel Financial Technology berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Investasi Keuangan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Kata Kunci: Literasi Keuangan, Perilaku Keuangan, Financial Technology, Minat Investasi Keuangan
Prawda objawiona? Propozycja podejścia zawarta w konstytucji Dei Verbum
Authors: Paluch OP Michał
Published: January 2024

Niniejszy tekst jest próbą zwięzłego ukazania tego, w jaki sposób chrześcijanie ostatnich kilku wieków – zanurzeni w dyskusji z filozoficzną kulturą swego czasu – próbowali wskazać właściwe miejsce dla prawdy objawionej w interpretowaniu rzeczywistości. W odpowiedzi na narastający sekularyzm epoki nowożytnej zrodziły się projekty filozoficzne (Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard), które, podejmując postulaty swego czasu, próbowały „uciec do przodu”, ustanawiały miejsce dla prawdy objawionej w nowy sposób. Te filozoficzne próby stały się następnie inspiracją dla teologów (m.in. Schleiermacher, Cullmann, Barth), którzy starali się filozoficzne pomysły przetłumaczyć na konkretne, nowe interpretacje objawienia. Wszystkie zaś te dyskusje, prowadzone głównie, choć nie wyłącznie, po stronie protestanckiej, doprowadziły po stronie katolickiej do kryzysu modernistycznego, który zostanie ostatecznie – dzięki pracom teologów z kręgu la nouvelle théologie (Congar, de Lubac) – przekroczony w konstytucji Soboru Watykańskiego II Dei Verbum. Tekst przedstawia poszczególne elementy tak zarysowanego rozwoju, prowadząc do odnalezienia właściwej perspektywy, pozwalającej docenić przełomowe znaczenie konstytucji Soboru Watykańskiego II Dei Verbum.