bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fundamental concepts of cultural anthropology applied in the theory and practice of the anthropological theater
Authors: Stepanova Polina Mikhailovna
Published: August 2021

This article explores the classical terms and concepts of cultural anthropology, which have found practical application in the performances, paratheatrical experiments and actions of the Polish experimental stage director Jerzy Grotowski (1933–1999) and collectives of the modern anthropological theater that continue the pursuits of Grotowski of the late XX century. The methods and terms of cultural (social) anthropology by A. van Gennep, V. Turner, M. Eliade, B. Malinowski and structural anthropology by C. Levi-Strauss give a better perspective on the specific terminological apparatus of Grotowski, unique practical discoveries of his works, and conceptual basis of theatrical anthropology as one of the paramount phenomena in the development of modern art. This article is first to discuss the problems of the emergence and formation of anthropological methodology as the framework for creating a scientific apparatus for understanding ritual-theatrical forms, as well as practical tool for artistic expression in the theatrical and paratheatrical experiments. Based on the fundamental works of the school of cultural anthropology, the author reveals the key terms of modern anthropological theater. As a result of studying the methods and approaches of cultural anthropology, the author determines the new unique technique of the modern Polish theater ensembles based not on the reconstruction of theatrical forms of the past, but rather reactualization of the mythological structures in the process of creating ritual-theatrical action.
Transcriptome analysis of two Pogostemon cablin chemotypes reveals genes related to patchouli alcohol biosynthesis
Authors: Yan Wuping , Ye Zhouchen , Cao Shijia , Yao Guanglong , Yu Jing , Yang Dongmei , Chen Ping , Zhang Junfeng , Wu Yougen
Published: August 2021

Pogostemon cablin, a medicinally and economically important perennial herb, is cultivated around the world due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. Different P. cablin cultivars exhibit different morphological traits and patchouli oil components and contents (especially patchouli alcohol (PA) and pogostone (PO)). According to the signature constituent of the leaf, P. cablin was classified into two different chemotypes, including PA-type and PO-type. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of PA biosynthesis, the transcriptomes of Chinese-cultivated P. cablin cv. PA-type “Nanxiang” (NX) and PO-type “Paixiang” (PX) were analyzed and compared with ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. We obtained a total of 36.83 G clean bases from the two chemotypes, compared them with seven databases and revealed 45,394 annotated unigenes. Thirty-six candidate unigenes participating in the biosynthesis of PA were found in the P. cablin transcriptomes. Overall, 8,390 differentially expressed unigenes were identified between the chemotypes, including 2,467 upregulated and 5,923 downregulated unigenes. Furthermore, six and nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped to the terpenoid backbone biosynthetic and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, respectively. One key sesquiterpene synthase gene involved in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, encoding patchoulol synthase variant 1, was significantly upregulated in NX. Additionally, GC-MS analysis of the two chemotypes in this study showed that the content of PA in NX was significantly higher than that of PX, while the content of PO showed the opposite phenotype. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the DEG expression tendency was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Overall, 23 AP2/ERF, 13 bHLH, 11 MYB, 11 NAC, three Trihelix, 10 WRKY and three bZIP genes that were differentially expressed may act as regulators of terpenoid biosynthesis. Altogether, 8,314 SSRs were recognized within 6,825 unigenes, with a distribution frequency of 18.32%, among which 1,202 unigenes contained more than one SSR. The transcriptomic characteristics of the two P. cablin chemotypes are comprehensively reported in this study, and these results will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of PA biosynthesis. Our transcriptome data also provide a valuable genetic resource for further studies on P. cablin.
Simulation and Analysis of Coal Mine Safety Escape Routes Based on a Multi-agent Model
Authors:   Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, China, Lihu Pan , Feiping Lu , Yaohui Zhou , Shipeng Qin
Published: August 2021

In order to discuss the influencing factors of mine escape decision when underground disaster occurs, this paper uses the multi-agent modeling theory to construct the coal mine safety accident escape model. The real escape scenarios of different chamber positions and multiple exits are simulated. Dijkstra algorithm was used for site selection and the shortest escape path is searched by combining breadth-first algorithm and adjacency matrix. The simulation results show that the multi-agent simulation modeling method has great advantages in simulating the evolution of complex systems.
Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network Controller for Autonomous Multirotors
Authors:   Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Banazadeh Afshin , Samadzadeh Ardalan
Published: August 2021

Limits in the real-time computation of micro-processors on the one hand and high-level controllers that need precise computation in addition to implementation and compiling issues, on the other hand, have caused a great gap between control science and experiments. In this work, an adaptive RBF neural network controller is proposed to control the position and attitude of an autonomous multirotor. The controller is combined with an EKF observer and simulated in real-time flight conditions. In order to check the capabilities of the system, the proposed structure has been successfully applied to a quadrotor and a hexarotor using three data types for getting similar real-time flight results. Based on the results, the proposed structure has accomplished two separate missions with different scenarios, though there exists some error, especially in position estimations which are caused by step-wise characteristics of the desired path.
General word lists: Overview and evaluation
Authors: Therova Dana
Published: August 2021

Vocabulary learning is unarguably one of the sub-goals in every language classroom. The learning and teaching of vocabulary have been transformed by the development of general word lists, providing compilations of the most prevalent vocabulary items used in everyday contexts. These lists have made an invaluable contribution to the field of applied linguistics in terms of both research and pedagogy, they have assisted the learning, teaching and testing of vocabulary, and they have also been widely used in materials development and vocabulary research. However, if they are to be utilised effectively, it is important to understand the characteristics of these word lists. Thus, this article offers a review of the various general word lists presently available with the aim of assisting English as a Foreign Language (EFL)/English as a Second Language (ESL) practitioners in making informed decisions regarding the choice and utility of these word lists in their practices.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among the Tribal Population of Attapady, Kerala,India
Authors: Manjiyil Irene Jose , Konikkara Kavitha Paul
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health concern that may cause acute or chronic hepatitis. Chronically infected patients are at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The disease causes a problem in the tribal communities. There are lack of studies on the prevalence of HBV among the tribal population. Aim: To assess the seroprevalence of HBV infection among the tribal population of Attapady, Kerala. Materials and Methods: This was a community based cross- sectional study conducted on serum samples collected from 269 subjects among the tribal population of Attapady. Serum samples were tested for quantitative antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti HBc IgM), frequencies were obtained using proportion and 95% Confidence Interval CI. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 10.4%. HBeAg was detected in 7.1% of HBsAg positive patients. 21.2% had protective anti-HBs titer. Anti-HBe was detected in five patients. Anti-HBc total and anti-HBc IgM were positive for 26.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Anti-HBc IgM alone and isolated anti-HBc were detected in 1.5% and 5.9 %, respectively. Anti-HBs and anti-HBc total both became positive in 8.6% cases. Conclusion: HBV infection poses a huge burden on tribal health. All HBsAg positive patients should be tested further to determine the stage of the disease. There is need to explore high HBV prevalence areas with studies on associated risk factors to bring out the ongoing transmission process and focus on preventive measures. HBV vaccination, antenatal screening, and health awareness should be given priority to tackle the burden.
Genetic Diversity, Correlations and Path Coefficient Analysis among the F5 Populations of Brassica Species
Authors: Kumar Sujon , Ali Barkat , Khaldun A. B. M. , Islam Shams Shaila , Uddin M. Shalim , Akanda M. A. Latif , Miah M. Shohidullah
Published: August 2021

The present study was carried out to estimate heritability, genetic variability, correlation and genetic advance among F5 populations of ten genotypes in Brassica species. This study was executed following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during November 2017 to February 2018 at the experimental field of College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Aim of the research was to evaluate and select the best segregating genotypes for the yield and yield contributing traits towards variety development programs. Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes were significantly different for all the characters studied. The relative phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. The high GCV value was observed for the days to 50% flowering (FF), plant height (PH), primary branches per plant (PBP), pod per plant (PP) and seed yield per plant (SYP) that indicated a high broad-sense heritability. A significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant was found in days to 50% flowering (0.578**), the plant height, (0.787**), pod length (PL) (0.406*), seeds per plant (SP) (0.369*), pod per plant (0.697**) and hundred seeds weight (HSW) (0.500**), but significantly negative correlation found in primary branches per plant (-0.046*). The results of path coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering (0.287), plant height (0.407), pod length  (0.919), seeds per plant (0.033), pod per plant (0.035) and hundred seeds weight (0.795) had a positive direct impact on seed yield per plant and thus it was indicated that these traits could be exploited for the enhancement of yield performance of Brassica species. This study showed that based on the agronomic performance execution, genotypes G2, G5, G6 and G8 might be proposed for future hybridization programs in Bangladesh followed by variety development activities.
Lipid Nanoparticles for Broad‐Spectrum Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Hejdankova Zuzana , Vanek Vaclav , Sedlak Frantisek , Prochazka Jan , Diederichs Audrey , Kereïche Sami , Novotna Barbora , Budesinsky Milos , Birkus Gabriel , Grantz Saskova Klara , Cigler Petr
Published: August 2021

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced nonviral modality for nucleic acid (NA) delivery, and have recently gained enormous attention in the fields of RNA therapeutics and vaccine development. Here, ionizable adamantane‐based lipidoids named XMaNs, which circumvent the usual need for laborious optimization of LNP components for highly diverse types of NAs, are described. The non‐toxic XMaN6 lipidoid is highly versatile in entrapment and delivery of siRNA, mRNA, plasmid DNA, and a cyclic dinucleotide. XMaN6‐based LNPs efficiently deliver: 1) siRNA into human primary hepatocytes and cell lines that are hard‐to‐transfect; 2) mRNA into mouse liver; 3) plasmid DNA; 4) 2′,3′‐cGAMP into cells and activated the cGAS‐STING pathway three orders of magnitude more efficiently than 2′,3′‐cGAMP alone. To our knowledge, such universality in delivering different NA types has not been previously described and can accelerate translation of LNPs into the clinic.
Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase and Bamboo‐like N‐doped Carbon Nanotube Enabled Highly Rechargeable K‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Li Xuelian , Qi Guicai , Zhang Junxiang , Cheng Jianli , Wang Bin
Published: August 2021

Metal‐CO2 (Metal = Li, Na, K) batteries demonstrate an attractive strategy for utilizing the excessively released CO2 emissions into electrochemical energy storage devices. Among them, K‐CO2 batteries represent a promising energy storage system owing to high potential (2.48 V), high energy density, and earth‐abundant K resources. The cycle stability and electrochemical mechanism are still far beyond satisfactory because of the active potassium metal, although the first rechargeable K‐CO2 battery has been reported very recently. Herein, a high‐performance K‐CO2 battery is fabricated using passivated K anodes with artificial surface film and N‐doped carbon nanotubes cathodes. The battery shows high specific full discharge capacity (9436 mAh g−1), good rate capability with small overpotential gap (0.81 V at 50 mA g−1), and long cycle life (450 cycles or 3100 h with a curtailing capacity of 500 mAh g−1). The reaction of 3CO2 + 4K ⇋ 2K2CO3 + C reversibly occurs in the charge/discharge processes. Moreover, the assembled fiber‐shaped battery demonstrates a long operation time of 57 h and stable output under different bending conditions. This work provides an option for the possible recycling utilization of the CO2 in future space exploration.
Triangling, Anxiety, and Negative Self‐Image: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance
Authors: Kurşuncu Mustafa Alperen , Baştemur Şule , Murdock Nancy
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of experiential avoidance in relationships between triangling configurations (balanced, mediator, cross‐generational coalition, scapegoating), anxiety, and negative self‐image (NS). The study sample comprised 381 university students. Data were collected from these participants using the Triangular Relationship Inventory (TRI), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire‐II (AAQ‐II), the Negative Self and Anxiety Subscales of Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and a demographic information form. Findings of the structural equation modelling analyses revealed that triangling configurations and experiential avoidance (together) explained 36% of the variance in negative self and 44% of the variance in anxiety. Regarding indirect effects, it was found that experiential avoidance fully mediated the relationships between triangling configurations (except scapegoating), NS, and anxiety. The mediator type of triangling was found to play a protective role against NS and anxiety—the literature delineates the study findings.
Novel strategy for the demulsification of isolated sesame oil bodies by endogenous proteases
Authors: Chen Yeming , Li Huina , Zhang Caimeng , Kong Xiangzhen , Hua Yufei
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to develop a novel method to demulsify the isolated sesame oil bodies (OB) to recover oil by directly using the endogenous proteases in the isolated OB. In this study, it was found that the isolated sesame OB contained OB intrinsic proteins as well as extrinsic proteins. The OB intrinsic proteins at least included one 41 kDa steroleosin, two 39 kDa steroleosins, two 27 kDa caleosins, four 27 kDa oil body‐associated proteins, three 17 kDa oleosins, and four 15 kDa oleosins. As for the OB extrinsic proteins, the predominant ones were 11S globulins, followed by 2S albumins and 7S globulins. In addition, the OB extrinsic proteins contained sesame endogenous proteases, predominantly including aspartic endopeptidases, subtilisin‐like proteases, serine carboxypeptidases, and metalloendopeptidase. The results revealed that the combined activity of these endogenous proteases was optimal at pH 4–5 and 50–60°C. The oleosins were the most easily hydrolyzed by these proteases, followed by 11S and 7S globulins, and the 2S albumins had strong resistance to these proteases. By incubation at pH 5 and 60°C for 2 h, approximately 97% of total lipids in isolated sesame OB (78% of total lipids in sesame seeds) could be recovered as oil by centrifugation, whereas no oil could be obtained when the incubation time was 0 h. These results indicated that the endogenous protease‐induced degradation of oleosins was the key point for the efficient demulsification of isolated sesame OB.
The status of the anomalepidid snake Liotyphlops albirostris and the revalidation of three taxa based on morphology and ecological niche models
Authors: Linares‐Vargas Camilo A. , Bolívar‐García Wilmar , Herrera‐Martínez Alexandra , Osorio‐Domínguez Daniel , Ospina Oscar E. , Thomas Richard , Daza Juan D.
Published: August 2021

Liotyphlops is a genus of blindsnakes distributed in Central and South America. We reviewed specimens of Liotyphlops albirostris along its current distribution range and, based on morphological data and ecological niche modeling analyses, we restrict the geographical range of L. albirostris and validate three previously described species. In this revision, we describe the morphological variation in the populations from Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, and propose a new taxonomic arrangement. We revalidate three previous synonyms of L. albirostris to full species status, while dividing the populations from Colombia in two subspecies―one attributed to a previously recognized species from the Caribbean region, and a new one from the Andean region. The new species differs from L. albirostris from Panamá in cephalic scale arrangements that effectively reduces the previously reported variability of these scales in L. albirostris. We also explore some osteological differences that are congruent with the variation observed. We hope that the recognition of these new species better represents the diversity within Liotyphlops, helping to bring these new species out of their cryptic status so that they will be considered in future conservation efforts.
Singlet oxygen‐responsive photorelease of tyramine
Authors: Jeong Dong Yeun , Yi Seung Yeon , You Youngmin
Published: August 2021

A system capable of photoreleasing tyramine has been developed. The photodonor system consists of an isoindole cage of tyramine and a biscyclometalated Ir(III) complex singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizer. Photoirradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm produces tyramine, as evidenced by mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The photorelease proceeds through two steps involving the formation of a Diels–Alder‐type [2 + 4] cycloadduct of 1O2, followed by the slow and spontaneous decomposition of the adduct into tyramine and 2‐benzoylbenzophenon.
Target‐Dependent Protection of DNA Aptamers against Nucleolytic Digestion Enables Signal‐On Biosensing with Toehold‐Mediated Rolling Circle Amplification
Authors: Bialy Roger M. , Li Yingfu , Brennan John D.
Published: August 2021

We report a generalizable strategy for biosensing that takes advantage of the resistance of DNA aptamers against nuclease digestion when bound with their targets, coupled with toehold mediated strand displacement (TMSD) and rolling circle amplification (RCA). A DNA aptamer containing a toehold extension at its 5′‐end protects it from 3′‐exonuclease digestion by phi29 DNA polymerase (phi29 DP) in a concentration‐dependent manner. The protected aptamer can participate in RCA in the presence of a circular template that is designed to free the aptamer from its target via TMSD. The absence of the target leads to aptamer digestion, and thus no RCA product is produced, resulting in a turn‐on sensor. Using two different DNA aptamers, we demonstrate rapid and quantitative real‐time fluorescence detection of two human proteins: platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and thrombin. Sensitive detection of PDGF was also achieved in human serum and human plasma, demonstrating the selectivity of the assay.
A Dose‐Confirmation Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacology of Glucarpidase in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Fukaya Yutaka , Kimura Toshimi , Yoshimura Kenichi , Umemura Kazuo , Kawamoto Hiroshi
Published: August 2021

Glucarpidase rapidly decomposes methotrexate. A phase 1 study of glucarpidase in an open‐label, randomized parallel group was conducted to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and other pharmacologic effects in Japanese healthy volunteers without methotrexate treatment. A dose of 50 U/kg (n = 8) or 20 U/kg (n = 8) of glucarpidase was administered as an intravenous injection, with 1 repeated dose at 48 hours after the first dose. No dose‐limiting toxicities, no significant clinical examination findings, and no clinically relevant differences between dose levels were observed. The pharmacokinetic parameters at a first dose of 20 or 50 U/kg were similar to those at a second dose and were as follows: half‐life, 7.45 and 7.25 hours; area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity, 8.25 and 19.05 μg·h/mL; total clearance, 4.85 and 5.47 mL/min; and volume of distribution during the elimination phase, 3.12 and 3.41 L, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve increased in a generally linear dose‐proportional manner. An ethnicity specificity in the pharmacokinetic profile was not observed in Japanese volunteers. The serum folate concentration decreased after glucarpidase administration in all the volunteers. The production of anti‐glucarpidase antibody was observed in many cases in both cohorts. Although the long‐term effect of anti‐glucarpidase antibody will need to be investigated in the future, the effects produced by the anti‐glucarpidase antibody were not influenced by the pharmacokinetics of glucarpidase within 96 hours after the first dose. The observed safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics support the continued evaluation of glucarpidase in the patients with lethal methotrexate toxicities.
A codesign framework for online data analysis and reduction
Authors: Mehta Kshitij , Allen Bryce , Wolf Matthew , Logan Jeremy , Suchyta Eric , Singhal Swati , Choi Jong Y. , Takahashi Keichi , Huck Kevin , Yakushin Igor , Sussman Alan , Munson Todd , Foster Ian , Klasky Scott
Published: August 2021

Science applications preparing for the exascale era are increasingly exploring in situ computations comprising of simulation‐analysis‐reduction pipelines coupled in‐memory. Efficient composition and execution of such complex pipelines for a target platform is a codesign process that evaluates the impact and tradeoffs of various application‐ and system‐specific parameters. In this article, we describe a toolset for automating performance studies of composed HPC applications that perform online data reduction and analysis. We describe Cheetah, a new framework for composing parametric studies on coupled applications, and Savanna, a runtime engine for orchestrating and executing campaigns of codesign experiments. This toolset facilitates understanding the impact of various factors such as process placement, synchronicity of algorithms, and storage versus compute requirements for online analysis of large data. Ultimately, we aim to create a catalog of performance results that can help scientists understand tradeoffs when designing next‐generation simulations that make use of online processing techniques. We illustrate the design of Cheetah and Savanna, and present application examples that use this framework to conduct codesign studies on small clusters as well as leadership class supercomputers.
Regulation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Multicomponent Supramolecular Coassemblies
Authors: Zhao Jianjian , Xing Pengyao
Published: August 2021

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active materials have received increasing attention due to their promising applications in fields such as photoelectric devices, spintronic devices and information storage systems. In developing CPL‐active materials, the key issue is to amplify the dissymmetry g‐factor (glum) and flexibly regulate the handedness, luminescence color and other properties. Relying on non‐covalent forces, multicomponent assembly provides an effective solution for control over CPL features. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in the regulation and amplification of CPL‐active materials in multicomponent coassembled systems, where the role of solvents, metal ions, quantum dots, achiral luminophores and nematic liquid crystals as well as a series of photophysical approaches including Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), charge transfer (CT), arene‐perfluoroarene (AP) interactions and photon upconversion between different components are discussed. Furthermore, future challenges and opportunities of CPL‐active materials in multicomponent assembly systems are also reviewed. This Minireview aims to provide inspiration for the rational design and manufacture of CPL‐active materials based on multicomponent assembly.
Development of an environmental DNA assay and field validation for the detection of invasive pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Authors: Gargan Laura M. , Mo Tor A. , Carlsson Jeanette E. L. , Ball Bernard , Fossøy Frode , Carlsson Jens
Published: August 2021

Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha was introduced from its native range in the Pacific to Northwest Russia several times since the 1950s. While this species has been regularly observed in rivers in northern Norway since then, there has been an upsurge in the numbers of odd‐year O. gorbuscha individuals observed in rivers, particularly in northern Norway in recent years, and particularly in 2017 and 2019.

In the present pilot study, an assay was developed to detect O. gorbuscha from eDNA water samples. Positive control water samples were taken at two locations of the River Signaldalselva in northern Norway during the summer of 2019, when adults were spawning in the river. Samples showed positive detection of this species in the river, while negative control samples collected upstream migration barriers in central and southern Norway confirmed the absence of the target species.

These findings reveal that eDNA‐based methods can be used to track the ongoing O. gorbuscha invasion of northern Europe and other regions where it might be or become invasive.
Another look at energetically quasi‐degenerate structures of the gold cluster Au27q with q = 1, 0, −1
Authors: Nhat Pham Vu , Si Nguyen Thanh , Kiselev Vitaly G. , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: August 2021

Quantum chemical computations were used to reinvestigate the geometries, spectroscopic, and energetic properties of the gold clusters Au27q in three charge states (q = 1, 0, −1). Density functional theory (DFT) and the domain‐based local pair natural orbital modification of the coupled‐cluster theory DLPNO‐CCSD(T) calculations revealed that, at variance with earlier reports in the literature, while the anion Au27− tends to exist in a tube‐like form, both the lowest‐energy Au27 and Au27+ isomers exhibit a pyramidal shape. However, several isomers were found to lie very close in energy, thus rendering a structural transition and their coexistence easy to occur. More specifically, the equilibrium geometry of the neutral Au27 is a core‐shell pyramid‐like structure with one gold atom located inside. We also identified a novel ground state for the anion Au27− and located for the first time the global minimum of the cation Au27+. The vertical detachment energies of the neutral and anionic states were also computed and used to assign the available experimental photoelectron spectra. Although many Au27 isomers were predicted to be energetically quasi‐degenerate, the corresponding distinctive vibrational signatures can be used as fingerprints for the identification of cluster geometrical features.
Oral Somatosensory Sensitivity in Patients With Taste Disturbance
Authors: Bogdanov Vasyl , Reinhard Jule , McGlone Francis , Haehner Antje , Simons Chris T , Hummel Thomas
Published: August 2021

Objective

The significance of the human sense of taste is typically underestimated until it is altered or even lost. Hypogeusia, a diminished capacity to taste, has an adverse influence on a patient's quality of life. Similar to interactions between the oral senses and between olfaction and intranasal trigeminal sensitivity, taste disturbance may also affect the mechanosensitivity of the tongue. In this study, we investigated the lingual tactile sensitivity of patients with subjective taste disturbance and people with normogeusia.

Study Design

Prospective case‐control study.

Methods

Forty‐six patients with subjective taste disturbance (mean age 60 years) and 43 participants with normogeusia (mean age 55 years) were enrolled and underwent a stereognostic test of edge and point sensitivity based on 3D‐printed letters sized from 2 to 8 mm. Gustatory function and salivary production were also tested.

Results

Patients with dysgeusia needed significantly bigger letters to recognize them compared with controls (P = .01). Apart from this, patients with dysgeusia had no significant association between gustatory function and salivary production. Duration of dysgeusia and age were not associated with the presently obtained measures of gustatory or oral mechanosensory function.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that taste dysfunction has a negative impact on oral mechanosensitivity and hence possibly on oral texture perception.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:2572–2577, 2021
Optimal pricing and choice of platform advertising schemes considering across‐side network effect
Authors: Zhou Yongyi , Zhang Yulin , Wahab M.I.M.
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the choice of advertising schemes for the two‐sided platform considering the across‐side network effect. We present various advertising schemes, derive the equilibrium decisions, and then compare these schemes from the point of view of the platform operator and social planner. Compared to the “TN” scheme, commissions charged from the provider in the “SA” scheme and the “TA” scheme are higher, but the former scheme is beneficial to the provider. Moreover, there exists a threshold value of the across‐side network effect, and hence, the “TA” scheme cannot bring the largest social welfare.
Assessment of the effects of mimicking tissue microstructural properties on apparent diffusion coefficient and apparent exchange rate in diffusion MRI via a series of specially designed phantoms
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Bai Yafei , Liao Yupeng , Xin Sherman Xuegang
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Diffusion MRI provides a valuable tool for imaging tissue microstructure. However, due to the lack of related experimental methods and specially designed phantoms, no experimental study has been conducted yet to quantitatively assess the effects of membrane permeability, intracellular volume fraction (IVF), and intracellular diffusivity on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and the effects of membrane permeability on the apparent exchange rate (AXR) obtained from filter exchange imaging (FEXI).

Methods

A series of phantoms with three adjustable parameters was designed to mimic tissue microstructural properties including membrane permeability, IVF, and intracellular diffusivity. Quantitative experiments were conducted to assess the effects of these properties on ADC and AXR. DWI scans were performed to obtain axial and radial ADC values. FEXI scans were performed to obtain AXR values.

Results

Axial ADC values range from 1.148 μm2/ms to 2.157 μm2/ms, and radial ADC values range from 0.904 μm2/ms to 2.067 μm2/ms. Radial ADC decreased with a decrease in fiber permeability. Decreased axial and radial ADC values with increased intra‐fiber volume fraction, and increased polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentration of the intra‐fiber space were observed. AXR values range from 2.1 s−1 to 4.9 s−1. AXR increases with fiber permeability.

Conclusion

The proposed phantoms can quantitatively evaluate the effects of mimicking tissue microstructural properties on ADC and AXR. This new phantom design provides a potential method for further understanding the biophysical mechanisms underlying the change in ADC and diffusion exchange.
Prevalence and distribution of high‐risk prescription opioid use in the United States, 2011–2016
Authors: McCormick Carter D. , Dadiomov David , Trotzky‐Sirr Rebecca , Qato Dima M.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Despite the efforts of many stakeholders to reduce the risk of opioid overdose, there is limited information on the prevalence of high‐risk prescription opioid use in the US.

Methods

Descriptive analysis of a nationally representative 5% random sample of anonymized, longitudinal, individual‐level prescription claims from IQVIA LRx between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016 among individuals ages 18 years or older that used a retail pharmacy. High‐risk opioid use was defined as ≥50 morphine milligram equivalents per day and/or having concurrent dispensing of a benzodiazepine based on overlapping days of coverage.

Results

The prevalence of high‐risk opioid use among adults in the US decreased from 12.0% in 2011 to 9.4% in 2016 (p < 0.01). Declines were most pronounced among individuals ages 18–35 years (10.9%–7.0%, 36.2% decline; p < 0.01) compared to individuals age 65 years or greater (10.5%–9.8%, 6.7% decline; p < 0.01). Declines in high‐risk use prevalence were observed across 49 states, with only South Dakota experiencing an increase (+13.7% relative increase). Similar to earlier years, in 2016 50.9% of all high‐risk use opioid users received all their opioid prescriptions from a single prescriber, and 71.1% used a single pharmacy to fill them.

Conclusion

Despite clinically significant declines in high‐risk opioid use, in 2016 nearly 1 in 10 adult retail pharmacy users remained at high‐risk for opioid overdose in the US. Future clinical and policy interventions should consider targeting older adults with Medicare Part‐D, including those using a single pharmacy to fill their opioid prescriptions.
Multiple cerebral infarctions in ROS1‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ikushima Hiroaki , Hiraishi Yoshihisa , Toriumi Kanto , Ando Takahiro , Tamiya Hiroyuki , Ishida Junichi , Amano Yosuke , Kage Hidenori , Tanaka Goh , Nagase Takahide
Published: August 2021

Rearrangements of specific tyrosine kinases are associated with an elevated risk of venous thrombosis in lung adenocarcinoma, although their effects on arterial thrombosis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report two cases of ROS proto‐oncogene 1 (ROS1)‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with cerebral infarction during the peri‐diagnostic period. Two cases took contrasting clinical courses: one patient could not receive targeted therapy because of a significant decline in performance status, whereas in the other patient, the performance status was maintained and targeted therapy drastically reduced the tumour size. Our cases suggest close monitoring could be considered in the selected cohort.
Predictive models with end user preference
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Yang Xian , Bolnykh Carolina , Harenberg Steve , Korchiev Nodirbek , Yerramsetty Saavan Raj , Vellanki Bhanu Prasad , Kodumagulla Ramakanth , Samatova Nagiza F.
Published: August 2021

Classical machine learning models typically try to optimize the model based on the most discriminatory features of the data; however, they do not usually account for end user preferences. In certain applications, this can be a serious issue as models not aware of user preferences could become costly, untrustworthy, or privacy‐intrusive to use, thus becoming irrelevant and/or uninterpretable. Ideally, end users with domain knowledge could propose preferable features that the predictive model could then take into account. In this paper, we propose a generic modeling method that respects end user preferences via a relative ranking system to express multi‐criteria preferences and a regularization term in the model's objective function to incorporate the ranked preferences. In a more generic perspective, this method is able to plug user preferences into existing predictive models without creating completely new ones. We implement this method in the context of decision trees and are able to achieve a comparable classification accuracy while reducing the use of undesirable features.
3: Invited Paper: Advanced Reflection Invisible Technology with Embedded System for Automotive
Authors: Tian Fan , Zhang Zhiyuan , Yao Yuan , Xue Rong , Bai Tingting , Gu Yuefeng , Li Xiongping
Published: August 2021

When we drive a car in the high luminance environment, to comply with drivers and passengers’ requests for better visibility, the display should be low reflection. In this report, the Advanced Reflection Invisible technology with Embedded System (ARIES) will be introduced for automotive wide‐view LCD with CTP to get super low reflection and improve ambient contrast ratio. It makes excellent sunlight readability without increasing the backlight luminance
1.3: Advanced Optical Safeguarding of Automotive Camera Monitor Systems
Authors: Axmann B. , Langner F. , Vogelmann M. , Bauer J. , Blankenbach K.
Published: August 2021

Camera monitor systems (CMS) become, not only for automotive, more and more important. Lifesaving applications require as well highest safety criteria such as image quality, non‐erroneous reproduction and latency free transmission. We report on new methods to verify the optical output of the CMS display toward the newly introduced “light‐to‐light” supervision.
4.2: External compensation Type OLED Panel Using Novel Gate Driver Circuit with Depletion‐Mode IGZO TFTs
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Li Yongqian , Yuan Can , Yuan Zhidong , Xu Pan , Meng Song , Wei Xiaolong , Bao Wenchao , He Ming , Liu Fengjuan , Wu Zhongyuan , Yu Jianwei , Dong Xue
Published: August 2021

A novel gate driver circuit was shown in this paper which was prepared for 55inch 8K4K OLED panel. The new schematic can realize display images and sensing TFT characteristics for external compensation. At high temperature (50 °C) companied with high humidity (80% RH) this circuit could work normally for more than 500 hours based on 5 inch experiment panels. And at very low temperature (‐20 °C) our panel also had a well performance. Besides, this novel GOA (Gate driver on array) circuit can make our future 55inch panel to achieve a narrow bezel smaller than 8mm
5.1: Invited Paper: Preferred LCD and OLED Luminance In Daily Tasks Is Affected By Ambient Lighting and Age
Authors: Yang Shun-nan , Wang Ying
Published: August 2021

Preferred display luminance varies in relation to visual demand, image contrast, and ambient illumination. OLED is known to have a higher contrast ratio at a lower luminance output, and is more energy efficient at a lower luminance compared to LCD. To assess the preferred luminance in OLED and LCD in varied ambient lighting conditions, 48 young and older subjects were asked to perform reading, spreadsheet search, and videos viewing. They pre‐selected a preferred luminance level and then reassessed it after a 2‐min session for these tasks to arrive at a preferred luminance. Results show OLED has a lower preferred luminance compared to LCD, especially in bright viewing. Older viewers maintained a similarly higher luminance preference in dark and bright conditions, whereas young viewers preferred a lower luminance in dark viewing but not bright viewing. Conversely, pupil size was smaller in older viewers and in the bright condition. Image qualities were also better for the OLED, except brightness range and color vividness. These outcomes suggest lower OLED luminance is beneficial across age groups, ambient lighting, and task types, and can reduce energy consumption.
6.1: Invited Paper: Red, Green and Blue Laser Diodes and their Applications
Authors: Hirano Y Yasuaki , Tani Yoshihiko , Ishida Masaya , Miyamoto Sadamu , Ariyoshi Akira
Published: August 2021

In recent years, Laser Diode have been used in various applications. Initially, Infrared and Red Lasers began to be used for optical desks and optical communication applications. Blue‐Violet Laser was developed and adopted for Blu‐ray Disc. Since then, Blue and Green Lasers have been developed and Viable Laser Diode have begun to be used for various Display applications. This paper introduces the Laser Diode that have been developed so far, their applications, and various Display applications that are expected in the future.
12.3: Research on Reducing H: P Value of Lensless Direct‐lit Backlight Module
Authors: Li Fulin , Zong Zhihao , Zhang Nannan , Mu Linjia , Liu Xiaojie
Published: August 2021

The direct‐lit mini LED backlight LCD module can utilize ultra‐fine local dimming technology. This approach can realize not only the thinning of backlight unit, but also more refined dynamic control, improving the dynamic contrast of liquid crystal display. As displays continue to develop toward thinness, the number of required LED chips has increased significantly, causing cost and energy consumption issues. The industry usually uses H: P value (OD/LED pitch) to describe the relationship between the cost and thickness of the backlight module. In this work, mini LED technology was researched and applied. Firstly, a blue light angular bidirectional optical film was applied. By controlling the thickness and refractive index of the multilayer film, an effect of reflecting a small angle and transmitting a large angle of blue light was realized, which increased the irradiation range of a single LED. In this way, the H: P value can be reduced from 0.6 to 0.3. Then top shielding structure of the secondary package was used to expand the light‐emitting angle of the mini LED chips, which reduced the H: P value from 0.64 to 0.48. Finally, the two schemes were combined to bring the H: P value to 0.24. This design reduced the thickness of the module under low‐cost conditions and reached the most advanced level in the industry.
15.1: Invited Paper: A Low‐Temperature Elevated‐Metal Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor Technology for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Shi Runxiao , Lei Tengteng , Wang Sisi , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man
Published: August 2021

A low‐temperature technology based on the elevated‐metal metal‐oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) architecture was developed for realizing electronic systems on flexible polyimide (PI) substrates. An excimer laser was used to lift‐off the PI from a glass carrier substrate. The performance of the TFTs before and after the laser‐lift‐off exhibits insignificant difference. A variety of digital and analog circuit building blocks were simulated, fabricated and characterized. Finally, ratio‐less logic circuits based on depletion‐and enhancement‐mode TFTs have been designed. The threshold voltage can be adjusted by selective fluorination, choice of semiconducting MO or a dual‐gate architecture.
17.4: Invited Paper: Characterization and Failure Analysis of OLED devices by FIB/TEM Techniques
Authors: Liu Binghai , Tan Andrew , Hua Younan , Qiao Mingshen , Li Xiaomin
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we reported the application of TEM‐based techniques for the physical characterization and failure analysis of OLED devices. By using our new FIB‐TEM techniques, we successfully identified nanoscale multilayered organic film stacks in OLED devices, enabling the failure root understanding of the dark emission of R pixels in an OLD device. Other two case studies presented in this work demonstrated the importance of the combination of plane‐view FIB‐TEM with cross‐section FIB‐TEM techniques, and the grain size analysis techniques by TEM for the failure analysis of the OLED devices.
18.1: Invited Paper: Color Conversion in III‐Nitride Micro‐LEDs with Embedded Nanostructures
Authors: XU JIAN , ELAHI ASIM M. NOOR
Published: August 2021

We report in this conference the modeling analysis of absorption and color conversion characteristics of III‐nitride micro‐LED arrays embedded with nanostructures. While nanoporous GaN layers in the micro‐LED pixels have been reported to function as the color‐converting element by incorporating quantum dot‐based nanophosphor inside the porous cavity, our computational study reveals that extraction efficiencies of both excitation (blue) and down‐conversion (red) light from the nanophosphor‐coupled LED structure decrease dramatically with porosity and the thickness of embeded down‐conversion layer s. The cross‐talk of down‐conversion light between adjacent micro‐LED pixels is also found to be substantially higher compared to the excitation light cross‐talk due to the location of the phosphors in the pore cavities and the resultant strong scattering by the surrounding nanopores. Studying and attempting to overcome those color‐conversion challenges of the nanoporous GaN based micro‐LEDs could pave the way of developing full‐color miro‐LED display panels that simultaneously preserve the high‐resolution and efficiency performances of micro‐LED display devices.
21.1: Invited Paper: Diversification of Processing Requirements for Large Format IoT Displays: 8K, Programmatic and LED Walls
Authors: Cope Ben
Published: August 2021

Large format IoT displays support a range of exciting visual experiences which are encountered in our day‐to‐day lives. Four processor roles, media player, display controller, touch controller and CV/AI module, leverage four processor types, scalar, vector, spatial and matrix, to power these experiences. Algorithm characteristics such as arithmetic, memory access and data‐dependence complexity influence the suitability of an architecture to a workload. Including, GPUs to rendering, CPUs to interactive application, and FPGAs to custom video pipelines. Programmatic advertising, touch‐less kiosks and CODEC enhancements to minimize bitrate of 8K video streams can require inference (AI) workloads. Matrix (VPU) type processors are designed to address this workload type. The narrow pitch LED wall display market is growing at 10x the overall video wall display market rate and leverages spatial FPGA processing in LED controllers, also requiring 8K resolution at smaller surface area sizes as pixel pitch reduces. Requirements on each heterogenous processor type is concluded to be growing with the combination of market trends.
25.4: Contact Model Analysis of GaN‐based Micro Light Emitting Diodes (Micro‐LEDs) With Distinct Structures and Bonding Pads
Authors: Liu Yibo , Zhang Ke , Feng Feng , Chan Ka-Wah , Liu Zhaojun , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the contact model analysis based on gold (Au) and aluminum (Al) with distinct structures and bonding pads of GaN‐based Micro‐LED was proposed. Firstly, the fabrication process and three different structures (testing, bottom emitting and top emitting structures) with 30–200 µm size were introduced. Then, the electrical properties of testing structure were analyzed by extracting the series resistances and ideality factors. Next, the performances of two metals with bottom and top emitting structures were evaluated electrically and optically throughout the injection current at forward bias, leakage current at reverse bias, radiometric power and luminous flux. The final results indicated Au contact is superior to Al for the indium bonding pads on Micro‐LEDs.