bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aux sources de la grand-parentalité gâteau (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles) [Deux siècles de représentation politique et sociale des grands-parents ]
Authors: Gourdon Vincent
Published: September 2013

Comme la maternité, la paternité ou l’enfance, la grand-parentalité a une histoire. Si le concept des « nouveaux grands-parents » émerge depuis peu dans la littérature sociologique pour décrire un certain nombre d’évolutions en cours, il convient de le mettre en perspective par rapport aux modèles antérieurs, sous peine de surévaluer les mutations récentes. Depuis des siècles, les grands-parents ont rempli des fonctions importantes dans les familles (garde des enfants, soutien en cas de veuvage). En revanche, l’image du tendre grand-parent, complice des enfants et dépourvu d’autorité, le « grand-parent gâteau » en somme, n’a pleinement émergé dans les représentations qu’au XVIIIe siècle, dans le sillage de la pensée des Lumières, avant de s’imposer au XIXe siècle. La montée de cette figure idéalisée s’inscrit alors dans le triomphe des valeurs de la bourgeoisie et la poussée des principes libéraux, comme dans la progression d’une vision moins hiérarchisée de la famille offrant une reconnaissance grandissante à la personne de l’enfant.
Individualisation des droits sociaux et droits fondamentaux [Une mise en perspective européenne]
Authors: Lanquetin Marie-Thérèse , Letablier Marie-Thérèse
Published: September 2013

La question de l’individualisation des droits sociaux est abordée ici sous l’angle des droits fondamentaux de la personne. L’approche s’écarte des points de vue techniques et comptables qui ont prévalu jusqu’alors, notamment en France. L’accès familialisé aux droits sociaux tel qu’il existe en France, et dans les régimes de protection sociale des pays voisins, reflète une conception du rôle des femmes au sein de la famille et dans la société qui ne correspond plus à la situation présente, ni aux conventions internationales des droits de l’homme (notamment la Convention de l’ONU sur l’élimination de toute discrimination à l’égard des femmes) ni aux recommandations et directives communautaires, en matière d’emploi comme en matière d’égalité entre hommes et femmes. Ce texte se propose de rediscuter la question de l’accès aux droits sociaux en lien avec le principe d’égalité entre hommes et femmes qui prévaut dans l’Union européenne et que met en oeuvre la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes.
Temps de travail et temps familial: vers une articulation des temps
Authors: Gardin Alexia
Published: September 2013

The article by Alexia Gardin deals with the legal approach to the different patterns of time use in employees’ working lives, and more specifically the recognition in employment law of imperatives relating to the time devoted to family life. The author examines the legal measures and collective agreements that accord individual employees the possibility of choosing how to use their time. Given renewed importance by recent legislation to reduce working time, this question of choice has had extensive repercussions in employment law. A. Gardin reviews the different legal manifestations of the notion of " temps choisi", the personalized scheduling of working time, whether in the form of measures targeted at the " family " element or those that encourage the principle of time choice without any specific allocation of the time thus freed.
L’évolution récente du système de Sécurité sociale en matière de redistribution
Authors: Borgetto Michel
Published: September 2013

The change in the French social security system over the last twenty years, while not fundamentally challenging the general architecture of the model set up in 1945, has nonetheless been considerable. Two main trends are present which, though not entirely new, have intensified considerably since the early-1980s. One is the trend to increased reliance on taxation to fund the system, the other is an increased role for the state or, failing this, a strengthening of centralized control. This change is both a reflection of and stimulus to a number of questions and debates, at least two of which have gradually acquired prominence in the social policy arena. First, the question of whether and to what degree a clearer distinction should be established between the logics of social insurance and social assistance ; second, the question of whether and to what degree social protection should be refocused on the least well-off by adopting an active policy of " targeting ". The findings are important, since these trends and issues appear central to the very future of the system of universal social protection.
Diriger une CAF pour la légitimer sur la scène locale : une pluralité de conceptions
Authors: Lapôtre Marc , Perrien Christian
Published: September 2013

A study was carried out in 2001 and 2002 by the Observatoire des Dirigeants (Observatory of France’s Top Executives) on attitudes among managers of local family allowance funds (CAF) towards the missions and activities of their organizations. The results reveal the diversity of these attitudes concerning four elements that define the objectives of a CAF. These elements are the relative importance attached to regulation, to the general needs of users and/or of the area of operation, to the teleological authority in the context of local partnerships, and to a broad or narrow definition of the CAF’s sphere of influence in this context. The authors show the incidence of this diversity as it affects the local institutional legitimacy of the CAF
Sociographie des agents de direction des CAF
Authors: Damon Julien , Mathiot Pierre
Published: September 2013

Une enquête par questionnaire a été réalisée en 2001 auprès des agents de direction des caisses d’Allocations familiales (CAF), afin de mieux connaître les profils et trajectoires des dirigeants salariés de la branche Famille de la Sécurité sociale. Il s’agissait également de les interroger sur le contenu de leurs activités, leurs opinions sur les politiques familiales et, plus généralement, sur l’avenir de la Sécurité sociale. De facture uniquement informative et descriptive, cette contribution présente les principaux résultats de cette étude.
Rétrospective et prospective du métier de dirigeants [Points de vue de directeurs de CAF]
Authors: Bourcier Françoise , Castella Christian , Durand Lucien , Émery Michel , Fache Lucien , Forafo Daniel , Laurent Éric , Richaud Robert , Specht François , Tschan Élisabeth
Published: September 2013

Dans le cadre de ce numéro de Recherches et Prévisions, il a été demandé aux directeurs de caisses d’Allocations familiales terrains d’études, dans le cadre du programme de recherche « Dirigeants » , de répondre à deux questions, larges dans leur ambition et imprécises dans leur formulation, concernant le métier de dirigeant d’un organisme de Sécurité sociale. L’idée était de recueillir une série de points de vue concernant l’évolution de ce métier :

« Quelles ont été, selon vous, sur les dix dernières années, les grandes évolutions de votre métier de dirigeant ? » ; « Comment voyez-vous, dans les dix ans à venir, votre métier de dirigeant ? ». On remercie ici les directeurs et directrices qui ont accepté de participer à cet exercice particulier.
Using KMS as a Tool to Improve Decision Making Process
Authors: Khasawneh Rawan , Abu-Shanab Emad
Published: September 2013

Knowledge plays a central role in the decision making process, and it provides a better foundation for managers to make high quality decisions. On the other hand, having the right knowledge at the right time to make the right decision is becoming a competitive weapon utilized by organizations to achieve sustained competitive advantage and other strategic goals. Based on that, it is important for organizations to manage their knowledge (organization intellectual asset) in a more effective and efficient way in order to gain such benefits. This chapter explores knowledge management and decision-making processes and its general concepts, reviews several conceptual frameworks of knowledge management that affect the decision making process proposed in the literature, and demonstrates several knowledge-management practices in software development processes. Conclusions and proposed future work are stated at the end of the chapter.
Demonic Fuzzy Relational Calculus
Authors: Tchier Fairouz , Alrashidi Huda
Published: September 2013

In this chapter, the authors categorize methods that are used to formally specify and verify software requirements. They discuss several formal method-related subjects such as calculus fuzzy and relational calculus.
Technical Fuel Conservation
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: September 2013

Hull and propeller performance monitoring is receiving more attention now than at any time in tanker industry history. The advent of new hull coating systems in connection with bunker prices and emission reduction initiatives has led to new scientifically sound metrics for evaluating the efficiency of drydock treatment, comparing hull coating systems on similar tanker types and determining economically optimal intervals for in-water husbandry. This chapter describes how technical fuel conservation policy, including a hull and propeller performance monitoring system, leads to enhanced vessel efficiency. Success of such a policy requires a tanker organization to employ a strong integration of efficiency metrics with daily operational policy and procedures. An example of such a policy: “It is the tanker company policy that the fuel consumption and the corresponding emissions shall be reduced as much as possible, however, still allowing that the profit of running the ships shall be optimized.” The main elements of this policy are outlined herein.
Analysis of the Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Farmers in Tole District, South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Derso Dereje , Mammo Yared , Haji Jema
Published: September 2013

Currently agricultural sector is the main sector of the economy in Ethiopia. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been changing the way that actors like researchers, development agents, policy makers, and farmers share agricultural information and knowledge. Particularly, farmers have started to use ICT to get agricultural information and knowledge, despite a number of challenges. Therefore, this study attempted to assess and analyze factors influencing the use of Information and Communication Technologies by farmers in Tole District of South West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Data were collected (n=144) from 144 randomly selected respondents from Tole District, of which 69 were ICT user farmers and 75 of them were non users of ICT. The study deployed mixed methods research. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Qualitative data were analyzed through interpretation, narration, and finally complement the descriptive analysis. The key finding of this study revealed that the social, economic and institutional factors were identified in study as factors in using ICT by farmers in the study area. The survey results revealed that age, sex, education status and distance from nearby market have influence on use of ICT in agricultural extension by farmers. The findings also revealed that Radio, Television, mobile phone, fixed phone, and written materials were easily accessed by majority of both users and non users of ICT. The study recommends concerned stakeholders and partners found at different levels should attempt to address those factors influencing the use of ICT among farmers. This study recommends that policymakers at different levels should recognize that farmers are using ICT in addition to traditional ICT like Radio and TV. Hence, this fact should be taken as an input for policy formation of ICT in agriculture and rural development in particular and for its usability among farmers.
Mobile Instant Messaging used to Provide Support and Advice to South African Youth
Authors: Parker Marlon , Wills Julia , Aanhuizen Lucille , Gilbert Lester , Wills Gary
Published: September 2013

Drug Advice Support (DAS), via mobile instant messaging originated in RLabs, South Africa. The question in this research was could DAS be scaled up in different geographical and ethnic areas in Cape Town? An investigation using mixed methods and triangulation of data sources compared performance and outcomes over five areas. Results showed that calls were classified into relationship, sex information and drug advice, There are statistical differences in outcomes across the five areas. It was discovered that some calls required intervention by statutory agencies. The research demonstrated that DAS can be used beyond RLabs if proper pre-requisites and training are put in place.
Adoption of Mobile Technology by Farmers in Southwest-Nigeria
Authors: Okuboyejo Senanu R. , Adejo Ann O.
Published: September 2013

This study evaluates the behavioral intention of farmers in selected areas of Nigeria to adopt mobile technology for agricultural purposes. A theoretical framework was developed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT). Five variables were evaluated. Convenience sampling was employed in the investigation. A total of 202 responses were retrieved. Factor analysis was performed to test the reliability and validity of the measurement items. Correlation analysis was used to test the conformity of the empirical data with the presumed model using SPSS version 16. All five measurement items: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, relative advantage, compatibility, and attitude were found to be direct predictors of adoption behavior. The study provides evidence for the potential of mobile technology in agriculture.
IL-17 Promotes Neutrophil Entry into Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes following Induction of Sterile Inflammation
Authors: Brackett Craig M. , Muhitch Jason B. , Evans Sharon S. , Gollnick Sandra O.
Published: September 2013

Blood-borne neutrophils are excluded from entering lymph nodes across vascular portals termed high endothelial venules (HEVs) because of lack of expression of the CCR7 homeostatic chemokine receptor. Induction of sterile inflammation increases neutrophil entry into tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), which is critical for induction of antitumor adaptive immunity following treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the mechanisms controlling neutrophil entry into TDLNs remain unclear. Prior evidence that IL-17 promotes neutrophil emigration to sites of infection via induction of CXCL2 and CXCL1 inflammatory chemokines raised the question of whether IL-17 contributes to chemokine-dependent trafficking in TDLNs. In this article, we demonstrate rapid accumulation of IL-17–producing Th17 cells in the TDLNs following induction of sterile inflammation by PDT. We further report that nonhematopoietic expression of IL-17RA regulates neutrophil accumulation in TDLNs following induction of sterile inflammation by PDT. We show that HEVs are the major route of entry of blood-borne neutrophils into TDLNs through interactions of l-selectin with HEV-expressed peripheral lymph node addressin and by preferential interactions between CXCR2 and CXCL2 but not CXCL1. CXCL2 induction in TDLNs was mapped in a linear pathway downstream of IL-17RA–dependent induction of IL-1β. These results define a novel IL-17–dependent mechanism promoting neutrophil delivery across HEVs in TDLNs during acute inflammatory responses.
Agonist Anti-Human CD27 Monoclonal Antibody Induces T Cell Activation and Tumor Immunity in Human CD27–Transgenic Mice
Authors: He Li-Zhen , Prostak Naseem , Thomas Lawrence J. , Vitale Laura , Weidlick Jeffrey , Crocker Andrea , Pilsmaker Catherine D. , Round Sarah M. , Tutt Alison , Glennie Martin J. , Marsh Henry , Keler Tibor
Published: September 2013

The CD70/CD27 pathway plays a significant role in the control of immunity and tolerance, and previous studies demonstrated that targeting murine CD27 (mCD27) with agonist mAbs can mediate antitumor efficacy. We sought to exploit the potential of this pathway for immunotherapy by developing 1F5, a fully human IgG1 mAb to human CD27 (hCD27) with agonist activity. We developed transgenic mice expressing hCD27 under control of its native promoter for in vivo testing of the Ab. The expression and regulation of hCD27 in hCD27-transgenic (hCD27-Tg) mice were consistent with the understood biology of CD27 in humans. In vitro, 1F5 effectively induced proliferation and cytokine production from hCD27-Tg–derived T cells when combined with TCR stimulation. Administration of 1F5 to hCD27-Tg mice enhanced Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses to protein vaccination comparably to an agonist anti-mCD27 mAb. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, 1F5 showed potent antitumor efficacy and induction of protective immunity, which was dependent on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The requirement of FcR engagement for the agonistic and antitumor activities of 1F5 was demonstrated using an aglycosylated version of the 1F5 mAb. These data with regard to the targeting of hCD27 are consistent with previous reports on targeting mCD27 and provide a rationale for the clinical development of the 1F5 mAb, for which studies in advanced cancer patients have been initiated under the name CDX-1127.
Atmospheric parameters in a subtropical cloud regime transition derived by AIRS+MODIS – observed statistical variability compared to ERA-Interim
Authors: Schreier M. M. , Kahn B. H. , Sušelj K. , Karlsson J. , Ou S. C. , Yue Q. , Nasiri S. L.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Cloud occurrence, microphysical and optical properties and atmospheric profiles within a subtropical cloud regime transition in the northeastern Pacific Ocean are obtained from a synergistic combination of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The observed cloud parameters and atmospheric thermodynamic profile retrievals are binned by cloud type and analyzed based on their probability density functions (PDFs). Comparison of the PDFs to data from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Re-analysis (ERA-Interim) shows a strong difference in the occurrence of the different cloud types compared to clear sky. An increasing non-Gaussian behavior is observed in cloud optical thickness (τc), effective radius (re) and cloud top temperature (Tc) distributions from Stratocumulus to Trade Cumulus, while decreasing values of lower tropospheric stability are seen. However, variations in the mean, width and shape of the distributions are found. The AIRS potential temperature (θ) and water vapor (q) profiles in the presence of varying marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud types show overall similarities to the ERA-Interim in the mean profiles, but differences arise in the higher moments at some altitudes. The differences between the PDFs from AIRS+MODIS and ERA-Interim make it possible to pinpoint systematic errors in both systems and helps to understand joint PDFs of cloud properties and coincident thermodynamic profiles from satellite observations.
The Atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) program network of microwave radiometers: instrumentation, data, and retrievals
Authors: Cadeddu M. P. , Liljegren J. C. , Turner D. D.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. The Climate Research Facility of the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program operates a network of ground-based microwave radiometers. Data and retrievals from these instruments have been available to the scientific community for almost 20 yr. In the past five years the network has expanded to include a total of 22 microwave radiometers deployed in various locations around the world. The new instruments cover a frequency range between 22 and 197 GHz and are consistently and automatically calibrated. The latest addition to the network is a new generation of three-channel radiometers, currently in the early stage of deployment at all ARM sites. The network has been specifically designed to achieve increased accuracy in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and cloud liquid water path (LWP) with the long-term goal of providing the scientific community with reliable, calibrated radiometric data and retrievals of important geophysical quantities with well-characterized uncertainties. The radiometers provide high-quality, continuous datasets that can be utilized in a wealth of applications and scientific studies. This paper presents an overview of the microwave instrumentation, calibration procedures, data, and retrievals that are available for download from the ARM data archive.
Cluster observation of few-hour-scale evolution of structured plasma in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Yamauchi M. , Dandouras I. , Rème H. , Lundin R. , Kistler L. M.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Using Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) data from the spacecraft-4 perigee traversals during the 2001–2006 period (nearly 500 traversals after removing those that are highly contaminated by radiation belt particles), we statistically examined the local time distribution of structured trapped ions at sub- to few-keV range as well as inbound–outbound differences of these ion signatures in intensities and energy–latitude dispersion directions. Since the Cluster orbit during this period was almost constant and approximately north–south symmetric at nearly constant local time near the perigee, inbound–outbound differences are attributed to temporal developments in a 1–2 h timescale. Three types of structured ions at sub- to few keV range that are commonly found in the inner magnetosphere are examined: – Energy–latitude dispersed structured ions at less than a few keV, – Short-lived dispersionless ion stripes at wide energy range extending 0.1–10 keV, – Short-lived low-energy ion bursts at less than a few hundred eV. The statistics revealed that the wedge-like dispersed ions are most often observed in the dawn sector (60% of traversals), and a large portion of them show significant enhancement during the traversals at all local times. The short-lived ion stripes are predominantly found near midnight, where most stripes are significantly enhanced during the traversals and are associated with substorm activities with geomagnetic AL < −300 nT. The low-energy bursts are observed at all local times and under all geomagnetic conditions, with moderate peak of the occurrence rate in the afternoon sector. A large portion of them again show significant enhancement or decay during the traversals.
Late Holocene variations in Pacific surface circulation and biogeochemistry inferred from proteinaceous deep-sea corals
Authors: Guilderson T. P. , McCarthy M. D. , Dunbar R. B. , Englebrecht A. , Roark E. B.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. δ15N and δ13C data obtained from samples of proteinaceous deep-sea corals collected from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (Hawaiian Archipelago) and the central equatorial Pacific (Line Islands) document multidecadal to century-scale variability in the isotopic composition of surface-produced particulate organic matter exported to the deep sea. Comparison of the δ13C data, where Line Islands samples are 0.6‰ more positive than the Hawaiian samples, supports the contention that the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is more efficient than the tropical upwelling system at trapping and/or recycling nutrients within the mixed layer. δ15N values from the Line Islands samples are also more positive than those from the central gyre, and within the Hawaiian samples there is a gradient with more positive δ15N values in samples from the main Hawaiian Islands versus the French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The gradient in the Hawaiian samples likely reflects the relative importance of algal acquisition of metabolic N via dissolved seawater nitrate uptake versus nitrogen fixation. The Hawaiian sample set also exhibits a strong decrease in δ15N values from the mid-Holocene to present. We hypothesize that this decrease is most likely the result of decreasing trade winds, and possibly a commensurate decrease in entrainment of more positive δ15N-NO3 subthermocline water masses.
Climate information based streamflow and rainfall forecasts for Huai River Basin using Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling
Authors: Chen X. , Hao Z. , Devineni N. , Lall U.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. A Hierarchal Bayesian model for forecasting regional summer rainfall and streamflow season-ahead using exogenous climate variables for East Central China is presented. The model provides estimates of the posterior forecasted probability distribution for 12 rainfall and 2 streamflow stations considering parameter uncertainty, and cross-site correlation. The model has a multilevel structure with regression coefficients modeled from a common multivariate normal distribution results in partial-pooling of information across multiple stations and better representation of parameter and posterior distribution uncertainty. Covariance structure of the residuals across stations is explicitly modeled. Model performance is tested under leave-10-out cross-validation. Frequentist and Bayesian performance metrics used include Receiver Operating Characteristic, Reduction of Error, Coefficient of Efficiency, Rank Probability Skill Scores, and coverage by posterior credible intervals. The ability of the model to reliably forecast regional summer rainfall and streamflow season-ahead offers potential for developing adaptive water risk management strategies.
Sensitivity and evaluation of current fire risk and future projections due to climate change: the case study of Greece
Authors: Karali A. , Hatzaki M. , Giannakopoulos C. , Roussos A. , Xanthopoulos G. , Tenentes V.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Current trends in the Mediterranean climate and more specifically in Greece indicate longer and more intense summer droughts that even extend out of season. In connection to this, the frequency of forest fire occurrence and intensity is on the rise. In the present study, the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) is used in order to investigate the relationship between fire risk and meteorological conditions in Greece. FWI is a meteorologically-based index designed in Canada and used worldwide, including the Mediterranean basin, to estimate fire danger in a generalized fuel type, based solely on weather observations. Here, an evaluation of the index is initially performed for the Greek territory using fire observations that cover a 15-yr period. Three critical fire risk threshold values are established for the area of Greece; FWI = 15, FWI = 30 and FWI = 45 increasing from the north-west to the south-east. Subsequently, a regional climate model is employed providing input for the FWI system to investigate the impacts of climate change on fire risk for two future time periods, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100. Days with critical fire risk are expected to increase by as many as 50 days per year by the end of the century.
The Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab Used Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis after Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yang , Zhao Liang , Li Zhi-han , Shi Zhan-jun
Published: September 2013

A retrospective study was performed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from south China, to investigate the efficacy and safety of infliximab after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thirty-two AS patients were divided into two groups. The treatmen group recieved infliximab at four weeks after unilateral THA (11 patients) and were compare to a control group (21 patients). Patients in the control group were treated with traditional medications. Clinical assessment, laboratory examinations, and x-rays were performed pre- and postoperatively. The BASDAI score decreased more in the infliximab group at six and 12 months after THA, as did the CRP and ESR. The contralateral hips without arthroplasty of patients in the infliximab group improved significantly compared to the control group, in terms of Harris score (HHS), range of motion (ROM) and VAS. However, the hips with an arthroplasty in the control group had a better prognosis than those without arthroplasty of the infliximab group. Hips with arthroplasty in the infliximab group achieved better improvement of HHS than hips without arthroplasty in the control group, but not for ROM and pain relief. No radiological evidence of prosthesetic loosening was found in either group. There was no significant difference of the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Compared with THA, AS patients using infliximab only would not obtain as good an outcome. Infliximab was shown to be safe and could be effective to improve hip function and systemic symptoms.
Evaluation of the Alpha Angle in Asymptomatic Adult Hip Joints: Analysis of 994 Hips
Authors: Joo Jong Hwan , Lee Su Chan , Ahn Hye Sun , Park Jun Soo , Lee Won Jun , Jung Kwang Am
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Numerous studies on cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) causing osteoarthritis have been conducted in Western populations, but not in Asian populations. The alpha angle in cam type FAI can be measured by routine hip AP and axial radiographs. The purpose of this study was to determine the range of alpha angles in an asymptomatic Asian cohort.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective examination on 500 asymptomatic Asian adults (1000 hips) who underwent simultaneous spine MRI and hip coronal survey MRI for evaluation of back pain from December 2009 to March 2010. The alpha angle was measured on anteroposterior (AP) pelvic survey images. According to inclusion criteria, 372 hips of 186 men and 622 hips of 311 women were analysed.

Results

The mean alpha angles for men and women were 50.61° ± 7.61° and 49.82° ± 4.14°, respectively with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.063). Alpha angles of the two age groups (≥50 years old and <50 years old) were similar in both genders: 49.90° ± 6.88° versus 51.40° ± 8.30° in men (p = 0.060), and 50.61° ± 7.61° versus 49.82° ± 4.14° in women (p = 0.71). The frequency of pathologic alpha angle of men and women was 0.5% and 3.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

After review of 994 asymptomatic adult hips, we found neither gender-specific nor age-specific differences in the alpha angle. The frequency of the pathological range of the alpha angle was notably rare, as compared to those of Western countries. We assume that these findings could be related to a low prevalence of FAI and idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip in the Asian population.
Review of Bicipital Groove Morphology and Its Analysis in North Indian Population
Authors: Rajani Singh , Man Singh
Published: September 2013

The variant morphometry of bicipital groove is reported to be associated with pathologies of biceps tendon and is useful in surgical procedures in this region. The pathologies of biceps tendon are frequent causes of shoulder pain. Therefore, under the condition of paucity of data pertaining to north Indians, not only morphometric analysis of bicipital groove and a new definition of narrow/shallow groove to provide logical explanation for dependence of pathologies of biceps tendon on groove morphology is done but also a review of the literature has been carried out. Various dimensions such as lengths of medial and lateral walls, width, depth, medial wall, and opening angles including incidence of supratubercular ridge of bicipital groove from 101 humerii are 23 ± 5, 32 ± 5, 8 ± 2, 6 ± 1, 48.91 ± 10.31, 82.20 ± 22.62, and 37%, respectively. The average height along with average width of biceps tendon and average width along with average depth of bicipital groove from two cadavers are 1.8, 10.5, 11.3, and 5.5 mm, respectively. The knowledge of bicipital groove will be of paramount importance to anatomists for new data, for orthopaedic surgeons in carrying out surgical procedures in this region, and for physicians in the management of anterior shoulder pain in north Indian population.
Anatomical Variations in the Branching Pattern of Human Aortic Arch: A Cadaveric Study from Central India
Authors: Budhiraja Virendra , Rastogi Rakhi , Jain Vaishali , Bankwar Vishal , Raghuwanshi Shiv
Published: September 2013

Variations of the branches of aortic arch are due to alteration in the development of certain branchial arch arteries during embryonic period. Knowledge of these variations is important during aortic instrumentation, thoracic, and neck surgeries. In the present study we observed these variations in fifty-two cadavers from Indian populations. In thirty-three (63.5%) cadavers, the aortic arch showed classical branching pattern which includes brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. In nineteen (36.5%) cadavers it showed variations in the branching pattern, which include the two branches, namely, left subclavian artery and a common trunk in 19.2% cases, four branches, namely, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left vertebral artery, and left subclavian artery in 15.3% cases, and the three branches, namely, common trunk, left vertebral artery, and left subclavian artery in 1.9% cases.
The Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Welfare in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Implications for Public Investment Decision-making
Authors: Pierru Axel , Matar Walid
Published: September 2013

Since real oil price is positively correlated with real consumption and domestic income in Saudi Arabia, a risk premium needs to be considered when assessing the net present value of oil-related public investment projects. For projects generating additional oil exports, this risk premium quantifies the cost of increased dependence on oil revenues. For projects transforming oil into products whose prices are less correlated with the Saudi economy, it quantifies the benefit from reducing the aggregate risk. The value of this risk premium depends on expectations about future consumption and oil price. By considering alternative assumptions, we show that over a one-year horizon this risk premium could range between 1.3% and 5% of the expected oil-related cash flow, with higher premia for longer planning horizons. We discuss the implications of these calculations for energy-related public projects in Saudi Arabia and, more generally, for public decision-making in resource-rich countries.
Diluting the inevitable: A case for decoupling water rates
Authors: Goetz Melanie K.
Published: September 2013

Can credit cards help utilities neutralize customers' “payment pain” when it comes to their utility bills?
« Où la charité règne, le succès est assuré ! » Hôpital Saint-Jean-de-Dieu, 1901-19621
Authors: Thifault Marie-Claude
Published: September 2013

L’Hôpital Saint-Jean-de-Dieu, propriété de lacommunauté religieuse des Soeurs de la Providence, retientparticulièrement l’attention lors de la révolutionpsychiatrique québécoise et de la RéformeBédard en 1962. Le rapport déposé par cetteimportante commission d’étude des hôpitauxpsychiatriques soulève d’entrée de jeu la situationcritique d’encombrement et de sous-financement indubitablementconnue des autorités gouvernementales, puisqu’àmaintes reprises évoquée au fil des décennies parles soeurs supérieures et les surintendants médicaux deSaint-Jean-de-Dieu.

Cet article étudiera l’institution psychiatriquequébécoise entre 1901 et 1962 selon deuxthématiques : l’« argent » etla « charité ». Il évaluera lescontributions de l’État à l’entretien despatients psychiatriques et réfléchira sur les actes decharité, plus précisément sur le travail nonrémunéré des Soeurs de la Providence. Des regardscroisés entre ledit Rapport Bédard et le mémoiredu Comité médical de l’HôpitalSaint-Jean-de-Dieu permettent de mieux nuancer les proposrécurrents dans l’historiographie àl’égard des défauts de l’hôpitalpsychiatrique ainsi que des critiques sévères àl’endroit des Soeurs de la Providence.
Sortir de la délinquance par l’expérience institutionnelle
Authors: Bienvenue Louise
Published: September 2013

Depuis l’éphémère « prison de réforme », établie à l’Île-aux-Noix en 1858, jusqu’aux actuels Centres jeunesse, un trait caractérise l’effort social de régulation de la jeunesse délinquante au Québec : le placement en internats spécialisés des cas les plus lourds. Malgré cette régularité dans la pratique de l’internement des mineurs, le visage des institutions varie considérablement au fil des ans. Observant l’emprise changeante des cadres thérapeutiques sur les voix et les corps des résidents, cet article fait ressortir une mutation importante. D’une thérapie qui invite à l’abolition de soi à une autre qui valorise son expression salutaire, le renversement normatif sera majeur.
De l’internement à l’intégration sociale
Authors: Ferretti Lucia
Published: September 2013

Entre 1964 et 1975, l’Hôpital Sainte-Anne de Baie-Saint-Paul devient un laboratoire de la pensée clinique en déficience intellectuelle et un incubateur de structures de réadaptation implantées en milieu ouvert. Cet article comprend quatre parties. La première montre qu’au début des années 1960, cet établissement est l’enjeu de projets concurrents et expose comment les Petites Franciscaines de Marie réussissent à imposer le leur : la réadaptation. Dans les trois autres, nous analysons le processus par lequel leur internat, en devenant un fer de lance au Québec du mouvement en faveur de soutiens adaptés dans la communauté, a contribué à l’émergence et au déploiement du paradigme de l’intégration sociale. Ainsi, pour la dernière fois, un hôpital psychiatrique et une congrégation religieuse ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la modernisation du champ de la déficience intellectuelle au XXe siècle.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coating of 3D Scaffolds Enhances Tissue Growth and Gene Delivery: Non‐Invasive and Label‐Free Assessment
Authors: Holmes Christina , Daoud Jamal , Bagnaninchi Pierre O. , Tabrizian Maryam
Published: September 2013

Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition is a versatile technique which is beginning to be be explored for inductive tissue engineering applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a polyelectrolyte multilayer film system composed of glycol‐chitosan (Glyc‐CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used to coat 3D micro‐fabricated polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds. In order to overcome many of the limitations associated with conventional techniques for assessing cell growth and viability within 3D scaffolds, two novel, real‐time, label‐free techniques are introduced: impedance monitoring and optical coherence phase microscopy. Using these methods, it is shown that LbL‐coated scaffolds support in vitro cell growth and viability for a period of at least two weeks at levels higher than uncoated controls. These polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings are then further adapted for non‐viral gene delivery applications via incorporation of DNA carrier lipoplexes. Scaffold‐based delivery of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker gene from these coatings is successfully demonstrated in vitro, achieving a two‐fold increase in transfection efficiency compared with control scaffolds. These results show the great potential of Glyc‐CHI/HA polyelectrolyte multilayer films for a variety of gene delivery and inductive tissue engineering applications.
25th Anniversary Article: Galvanic Replacement: A Simple and Versatile Route to Hollow Nanostructures with Tunable and Well‐Controlled Properties
Authors: Xia Xiaohu , Wang Yi , Ruditskiy Aleksey , Xia Younan
Published: September 2013

This article provides a progress report on the use of galvanic replacement for generating complex hollow nanostructures with tunable and well‐controlled properties. We begin with a brief account of the mechanistic understanding of galvanic replacement, specifically focused on its ability to engineer the properties of metal nanostructures in terms of size, composition, structure, shape, and morphology. We then discuss a number of important concepts involved in galvanic replacement, including the facet selectivity involved in the dissolution and deposition of metals, the impacts of alloying and dealloying on the structure and morphology of the final products, and methods for promoting or preventing a galvanic replacement reaction. We also illustrate how the capability of galvanic replacement can be enhanced to fabricate nanomaterials with complex structures and/or compositions by coupling with other processes such as co‐reduction and the Kirkendall effect. Finally, we highlight the use of such novel metal nanostructures fabricated via galvanic replacement for applications ranging from catalysis to plasmonics and biomedical research, and conclude with remarks on prospective future directions.
Bibliometrics for Internet media: Applying the h‐index to YouTube
Authors: Hovden Robert
Published: September 2013

The h‐index can be a useful metric for evaluating a person's output of Internet media. Here I advocate and demonstrate adaption of the h‐index and the g‐index to the top video content creators on YouTube. The h‐index for Internet video media is based on videos and their view counts. The h‐index is defined as the number of videos with ≥h × 105 views. The g‐index is defined as the number of videos with ≥g × 105 views on average. When compared with a video creator's total view count, the h‐index and g‐index better capture both productivity and impact in a single metric.
Simultaneous determination of aurantio‐obtusin, chrysoobtusin, obtusin and 1‐desmethylobtusin in rat plasma by UHPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Wei‐dong , Wang Peng‐yuan , Wang Ying , Wang Qing , Gu Yi , Cao Jun , Wang Shao‐qing , Wang Xiao‐juan
Published: September 2013

A sensitive and reliable ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four active components of Semen Cassiae extract (aurantio‐obtusin, chrysoobtusin, obtusin and 1‐desmethylobtusin) in rat plasma after oral administration. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Poroshell 120 C18 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase that consisted of acetonitrile‐ammonium acetate in water (30 mm) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detection was performed by a triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curve was linear over a range of 3.24–1296 ng/mL for aurantio‐obtusin, 0.77–618 ng/mL for chrysoobtusin, 34.55–1818 ng/mL for obtusin and 1.86–1485 ng/mL for 1‐desmethylobtusin. Inter‐ and intra‐day assay variation was <15%. All analytes were shown to be stable during all sample storage and analysis procedures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving a Multiracial Democracy on Campus
Authors: Glasper Rufus
Published: September 2013

The goal of multiracial equity is not just a phrase in mission statements, but a top‐down strategic necessity for community colleges founded on and dedicated to the principles of social justice. At a system like Maricopa with more than 200,000 diverse credit and noncredit students at ten colleges—including six classified as urban—in the greater Phoenix area, it takes the entire institutional community to achieve such a goal.
Synthesis of Multiphase Cu3Ge/GeOx/CuGeO3 Nanowires for Use as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Lee Gwang‐Hee , Kim Jae‐Chan , Lee Duk‐Hee , Seo Seung‐Deok , Shim Hyun‐Woo , Kim Dong‐Wan
Published: September 2013

Multiphase nanowires composed of Cu3Ge, GeOx, and CuGeO3, obtained through the thermochemical reduction of CuGeO3, are investigated as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Initially, CuGeO3 nanowires are prepared by using a facile hydrothermal process without the use of any templates or surfactants. The as‐prepared CuGeO3 nanowires are demonstrated to be single‐crystalline with a diameter of around 70 nm and a length of 0.5–2 μm. Subsequently, multiphase Cu3Ge/GeOx/CuGeO3 nanowires are prepared through the controlled thermochemical reduction of the as‐prepared CuGeO3 nanowires under a H2 atmosphere at 250 °C. Upon thermochemical reduction, the wire‐shaped morphology is retained, but the phase partially transforms to a mixture of crystalline Cu3Ge nano‐domains (<10 nm) with high electronic conductivity and amorphous GeOx. The newly generated multiphase nanowires exhibit enhanced cycle stability with high lithium‐storage capability compared to that of the as‐prepared CuGeO3 nanowires.
Spontaneous Formation of Nitrarine and Polycyclic Skeletons Related to Nitraria Indolic Alkaloids under Non‐Enzymic Conditions
Authors: Gravel Edmond , Harfouche Abha , Salame Rim , Leblanc Karine , Maciuk Alexandre , Poupon Erwan
Published: September 2013

Mixtures of tryptamine and reactive C5 units, presumably derived from lysine in nature, were studied to ascertain the spontaneous formation of the complex polycyclic alkaloid nitrarine. Several indolic compounds tracing the unified metabolism within the Nitraria genus were also characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Mid‐IR Second‐Order Nonlinear‐Optical Effects Designed by the Supramolecular Assembly of Different Bond Types Without IR Absorption.
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Wang Guan‐E , Liu Zhi‐Fa , Zhang Ming‐Jian , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: September 2013

(Hg6P4Cl3)(PbCl3) (I) and (Hg23P12)(ZnCl4)6 (II) are synthesized by solid state reactions of Hg2Cl2, Hg(CN)2, PbCl2, and red phosphorus for compound (I) (Pyrex tube, 340 °C, 5 d, 90% yield), and from mixtures of HgCl2, Hg2Cl2, Zn, and red phosphorus for compound (II) (Pyrex tube, 400 °C, 5 d, 80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect of GdCr2Si2 Compound under Hydrostatic Pressure.
Authors: Li Lingwei , Hu Guanghui , Umehara Izuru , Huo Dexuan , Hutchison Wayne D. , Namiki Takahiro , Nishimura Katsuhiko
Published: September 2013

GdCr2Si2 is prepared by arc melting of stoichiometric amounts of the elements followed by annealing (evacuated quartz ampoules, 1073 K, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Monoclinic Ag2Mo2O7 Nanowire: A New Ag—Mo—O Nanophotocatalyst Material.
Authors: Saito Kenji , Kazama Shotaro , Matsubara Kazuki , Yui Tatsuto , Yagi Masayuki
Published: September 2013

Ag2Mo2O7 nanowires are prepared by template‐free reflux of a basic stoichiometric suspension of MoO3 microrods in aqueous AgNO3 for 5 h followed by batch grinding in an alumina mortar (99% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcogenidotellurates(IV) (TeS3)2‐ and (TeSe3)2‐ by Low‐Temperature Solvothermal Synthesis from Liquid Ammonia and Methylamine.
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Beck Johannes
Published: September 2013

The new title chalcogenidotellurates(IV) are characterized by single crystal XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: New [PbBi2O4][Bi2O2]Cl2 and [PbnBi10‐nO13] [Bi2O2]nCl4+n Series by Association of Sizable Subunits: Relationship with Arppe′s Compound Bi24O31Cl10 and Luminescence Properties.
Authors: Aliev A. , Olchowka J. , Colmont M. , Capoen E. , Wickleder C. , Mentre O.
Published: September 2013

The structures of the title compounds are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometallic Mixed‐Valence Copper(I,II) Cyanides that Were Tuned by Using the Chelate Effect: Discovery of Famous Cairo Pentagonal Tiling and Unprecedented (3,4)‐Connected {83}2{86} Topological 3D Net.
Authors: Qin Ying‐Lian , Yao Ru‐Xin , Wu Guo‐Xing , Liu Min‐Min , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: September 2013

The crystal structures of the new compounds (III), (IV), and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Piperazine‐Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Polymer as Highly Active and Reusable Organocatalyst for Water‐Medium Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Zhang Fang , Yang Xushi , Jiang Lei , Liang Chao , Zhu Ruixing , Li Hexing
Published: September 2013

A piperazine‐functionalized mesoporous polymer is prepared via a one‐step surfactant‐directed phenol—formaldehyde—piperazinecarbaldehyde oligomer self‐assembly approach and successfully applied as catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction, intermolecular cross‐conjugated addition, and [3 + 3] cycloaddition reactions in aqueous medium.
ChemInform Abstract: CeO2 as a Versatile and Reusable Catalyst for Transesterification of Esters with Alcohols under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: September 2013

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