bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of stem cell differentiation by using extrinsic photobiomodulation in conjunction with cell adhesion pattern
Authors: Muneekaew Saitong , Wang Meng-Jiy , Chen Szu-yuan
Published: February 2022

The induction and direction of stem cell differentiation into needed cell phenotypes is the central pillar of tissue engineering for repairing damaged tissues or organs. Conventionally, a special recipe of chemical factors is formulated to achieve this purpose for each specific target cell type. In this work, it is demonstrated that the combination of extrinsic photobiomodulation and collagen-covered microislands could be used to induce differentiation of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) with the differentiation direction dictated by the specific island topography without use of chemical factors. Both neurogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation could be attained with a rate surpassing that using chemical factors. Application of this method to other cell types is possible by utilizing microislands with a pattern tailored particularly for each specific cell type, rendering it a versatile modality for initiating and guiding stem cell differentiation.
Novel rapid immunohistochemistry using an alternating current electric field identifies Rac and Cdc42 activation in human colon cancer FFPE tissues
Authors: Tsuda Masumi , Horio Runa , Wang Lei , Takenami Tomoko , Moriya Jun , Suzuka Jun , Sugino Hirokazu , Tanei Zenichi , Tanino Mishie , Tanaka Shinya
Published: February 2022

It is important to determine the activation status of Rac and Cdc42 in cancer tissues for the prediction of metastasis and patient prognosis. However, it has been impossible to detect their spatial activation on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) surgical specimens thus far. Here, we established a novel detection technique for activated Rac/Cdc42 in human colon cancer FFPE tissues by using a p21-activated kinase (PAK)-Rac binding domain (RBD) detection probe fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST), designated GST-PAK-RBD, and novel rapid-immunohistochemistry (R-IHC) systems using noncontact alterating-current electric field mixing, although there is a technical limitation in that it may not distinguish between Rac members and Cdc42. In 50 cases of colon cancer, various activation patterns of Rac/Cdc42 were observed, which were designated plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mixed pattern, and polarized distribution. The activity was striking in the invasive fronts of tumors and significantly correlated with tumor invasion properties evaluated by TNM classification. Of note, in tissue microarray (TMA) samples, 29 of 33 cases demonstrated higher Rac1/Cdc42 activity in the tumor area than the corresponding normal mucosa. In addition, positive correlations were detected between Rac/Cdc42 activity and clinicopathological factors such as venous and lymphatic vessel invasion. These results suggest that understanding Rac and Cdc42 activations in cancer tissues would be valuable as an option for molecular therapy as personalized medicine.
Eye movement patterns correlate with overt emotional behaviours in rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Maranci Jean-Baptiste , Nigam Milan , Masset Luc , Msika Eva-Flore , Vionnet Marie Charlotte , Chaumereil Charlotte , Vidailhet Marie , Leu-Semenescu Smaranda , Arnulf Isabelle
Published: February 2022

Growing evidence suggests that sleep plays a key role in regulating emotions. Rapid eye movements (REMs) in REM sleep could be associated with dreams emotions, but supporting evidence is indirect. To highlight this association, we studied the REM sleep during video-polysomnography of 20 subjects with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), a model of enacted dreams offering direct access to the emotional content of the sleeper (face expression, speeches, behaviour). Video and the electro-oculography recordings were divided into 3 s time intervals and classified as non-behavioural, or behavioural (neutral, positive or negative emotions), and as containing no eye movements (EMs), slow eye movements (SEMs) or REMs (isolated or bursts). Compared to the absence of EMs, neutral behaviours successively increased in the presence of SEMs (odd ratio, OR = 1.4), then isolated REMs (OR = 2.8) and then REM bursts (OR = 4.6). Positive behaviours increased with SEMs (OR = 2.8) but did not increase further with isolated REMs (OR = 2.8) and REM bursts (OR = 3). Negative behaviours were absent with SEMs, increased with isolated REMs (OR = 2.6) and further with REM bursts (OR = 10.1). These results support an association between REMs and SEMs, and dream emotions.
Sex- and estrous-cycle dependent dorsal hippocampal phosphoproteomic changes induced by low-dose ketamine
Authors: Saland Samantha K. , Wilczak Kathrin , Voss Edward , Lam TuKiet T. , Kabbaj Mohamed
Published: February 2022

Numerous emotional and cognitive processes mediated by the hippocampus present differences between sexes and can be markedly influenced by hormonal status in males and females of several species. In rodents, the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) is known to contribute to the rapid antidepressant actions of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. We and others have demonstrated a greater sensitivity to the fast-acting antidepressant ketamine in female versus male rats that is estrogen- and progesterone-dependent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using an acute low dose (2.5 mg/kg) of ketamine that is behaviorally effective in female but not male rats, a label-free phosphoproteomics approach was employed to identify ketamine-induced changes in signaling pathway activation and phosphoprotein abundance within the dHPC of intact adult male rats and female rats in either diestrus or proestrus. At baseline, males and females showed striking dissimilarities in the dHPC proteome and phosphoproteome related to synaptic signaling and mitochondrial function—differences also strongly influenced by cycle stage in female rats. Notably, phosphoproteins enriched in PKA signaling emerged as being both significantly sex-dependent at baseline and also the primary target of ketamine-induced protein phosphorylation selectively in female rats, regardless of cycle stage. Reduced phosphoprotein abundance within this pathway was observed in males, suggesting bi-directional effects of low-dose ketamine between sexes. These findings present biological sex and hormonal milieu as critical modulators of ketamine’s rapid actions within this brain region and provide greater insight into potential translational and post-translational processes underlying sex- and hormone-dependent modulation of ketamine’s therapeutic effects.
An atmospheric pressure ion funnel with a slit entrance for enhancing signal and resolution in high resolution differential ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Kabir K. M. Mohibul , Ahmed Ezaz , Donald William A.
Published: February 2022

An ambient pressure ion funnel with ‘slit’ electrodes is reported for improving the ion transmission efficiency and resolving power of high-resolution differential ion mobility mass spectrometry.
Local delivery of naringin in beta-cyclodextrin modified mesoporous bioactive glass promotes bone regeneration: from anti-inflammatory to synergistic osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Mo Yunfei , Zhao Fujian , Lin Zefeng , Cao Xiaodong , Chen Dafu , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: February 2022

The local delivery of naringin in beta-cyclodextrin modified mesoporous bioactive glass promotes bone regeneration via synergistic immunomodulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by macrophages.
Synthesis and crystal structures of D-annulated pentacyclic steroids: looking within and beyond AR signalling in prostate cancer
Authors: Vorontsova Svetlana K. , Zavarzin Igor V. , Shirinian Valerii Z. , Bozhenko Eugene I. , Andreeva Olga E. , Sorokin Danila V. , Scherbakov Alexander M. , Minyaev Mikhail E.
Published: February 2022

Crystal structures of D-annulated steroids were used for docking studies against the human androgen receptor. The combination of the selected steroid with bicalutamide was found to exhibit significant antiproliferative effects in 22Rv1 cells.
Study on the evolution from α-GaOOH to α-Ga2O3 and solar-blind detection behavior of an α-GaOOH/α-Ga2O3 heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Jiao Shujie , Zhang Junhua , Liu Shuo , Wang Dongbo , Gao Shiyong , Wang Jinzhong
Published: February 2022

The photoelectrochemical detectors based on the GaOOH/Ga2O3 heterojunction have a significantly improved photo detection performance compared with GaOOH and Ga2O3 detectors.
Controlling amphipathic peptide adsorption by smart switchable germanium interfaces
Authors: Baumgartner Laura-Marleen , Erbe Andreas , Boyle Aimee L. , Rabe Martin
Published: February 2022

Control of reversible peptide adsorption and reorientation at the interface was achieved and studied on an electrically switchable germanium interface.
Functionalization and exfoliation of graphite with low temperature pulse plasma in distilled water
Authors: Letoffé Adrien , Cuynet Stéphane , Noel Cédric , de Poucques Ludovic , Royaud Isabelle , Hérold Claire , Henrion Gérard , Ponçot Marc , Fontana Sébastien
Published: February 2022

The plasma process discussed herein is a new way to exfoliate graphite and to produce functionalized graphenic materials.
Multitask deep learning with dynamic task balancing for quantum mechanical properties prediction
Authors: Yang Ziduo , Zhong Weihe , Lv Qiujie , Chen Calvin Yu-Chian
Published: February 2022

Dynamic task balancing can reduce overfitting across multiple tasks for GNN-based quantum mechanical properties prediction. GradCAM provides explanations that are consistent with the molecular orbitals theory.
Evolution of catalytically active species in paired PdCl2–CuCl2/[BMim]Cl for hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Qi Haifeng , Xu Zhanwei , Zhang Z. Conrad
Published: February 2022

The PdII–Cl–CuI complex and HCl have evolved as catalytically active species from paired PdCl2–CuCl2/[BMim]Cl in catalytic hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.
Characterizing thermoelectric stability
Authors: Jørgensen Lasse Rabøl , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: February 2022

Common methods for investigating the stability of thermoelectric materials are reviewed. A reporting protocol is proposed to streamline reporting of experimental parameters.
A new family of one-dimensional bromo-bridged Ir(iv)–Cu(ii) complexes based on the hexabromoiridate(iv) metalloligand
Authors: Sanchis-Perucho Adrián , Martínez-Lillo José
Published: February 2022

By using the iridium(iv) complex (NBu4)2[IrBr6] as a metalloligand towards the Cu(ii) metal ion, three novel one-dimensional Ir(iv)–Cu(ii) compounds have been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterised.
Perspective on the hydrogen economy as a pathway to reach net-zero CO2emissions in Europe
Authors: van der Spek Mijndert , Banet Catherine , Bauer Christian , Gabrielli Paolo , Goldthorpe Ward , Mazzotti Marco , Munkejord Svend T. , Røkke Nils A. , Shah Nilay , Sunny Nixon , Sutter Daniel , Trusler J. Martin , Gazzani Matteo
Published: February 2022

The envisioned role of hydrogen in the energy transition – or the concept of a hydrogen economy – has varied through the years.
A salt-free pickling and chrome-free tanning technology: a sustainable approach for cleaner leather manufacturing
Authors: Liu Xinhua , Wang Youyou , Wang Xuechuan , Han Tengfei , Wang Wanni , Jiang Huie
Published: February 2022

An EHBP-based salt-free pickling and chrome-free tanning system with a promising development for large-scale production was proposed to prevent the pollution of tannery effluents (Cl− and Cr3+).
Microwave-assisted phenolation of acid-insoluble Klason lignin and its application in adhesion
Authors: Tran Ngoc Tuan , Ko Youngpyo , Kim Sungsoo , Moon Janghyuk , Choi Jae-Wook , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Chang Soo , Ha Jeong-Myeong , Kim Heesuk , Jeong Keunhong , Lee Hyunjoo , Yoo Chun-Jae
Published: February 2022

Microwave irradiation assists the transformation of acid-insoluble Klason lignin into a green adhesive at a low reaction temperature (100 °C) and short reaction time (10 min).
Microfluidics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a win–win combination?
Authors: Panneerselvam Rajapandiyan , Sadat Hasan , Höhn Eva-Maria , Das Anish , Noothalapati Hemanth , Belder Detlev
Published: February 2022

With the continuous development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, analytical techniques like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) render structural and chemical information of a variety of analyte molecules in ultra-low concentration.
Ligand-assisted deposition of ultra-small Au nanodots on Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide for flexible gas sensors
Authors: Wang Jian , Fatima-Ezzahra Essalhi , Dai Jie , Liu Yanlei , Pei Chengjie , Li Hai , Wang Zhiwei , Huang Xiao
Published: February 2022

This work demonstrates introducing noble metal nanodots with suitable surface ligands in gas sensing materials is an effective way to improve their performance, and noble metal/metal oxide/rGO composites have potentials in flexible gas sensing.
Rice straw ash extract/glycerol: an efficient sustainable approach for Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Seckler Diego , Dea Camila M. , Rios Elise Ane Maluf , de Godoi Marcelo , Rampon Daniel da Silveira , D’Oca Marcelo Gonçalves Montes , D'Oca Caroline Da Ros Montes
Published: February 2022

WERSA/glycerol is described as a powerful combination for the green approach of the Knoevenagel reaction, without any additional catalyst, base or promoter.
Ferrocene functionalized enantiomerically pure Schiff bases and their Zn(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes: a spectroscopic, crystallographic, electrochemical and computational investigation
Authors: Celedón Salvador , Hamon Paul , Artigas Vania , Fuentealba Mauricio , Kahlal Samia , Carrillo David , Saillard Jean-Yves , Hamon Jean-René , Manzur Carolina
Published: February 2022

A combination of X-ray diffraction, IR, UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy together with computational methods was used to characterize and study the properties of the title compounds.
Single-molecule conductance of double-stranded RNA oligonucleotides
Authors: Chandra Subrata , Gunasinghe Pattiya Arachchillage Keshani G. , Kliuchnikov Evgenii , Maksudov Farkhad , Ayoub Steven , Barsegov Valeri , Artés Vivancos Juan M.
Published: February 2022

The single-molecule conductance of double-stranded RNA oligonucleotides is reported. The electrical fingerprint contains biophysical information that is interpreted using Molecular Dynamics simulations.
Carrier doping-induced strong magnetoelastic coupling in 2D lattice
Authors: Liang Yan , Lv Xingshuai , Frauenheim Thomas
Published: February 2022

An alternative approach is proposed to realize strong magnetoelastic coupling in two-dimensional lattices.
Bodipy-carbohydrate systems: synthesis and bio-applications
Authors: Barattucci Anna , Gangemi Chiara M. A. , Santoro Antonio , Campagna Sebastiano , Puntoriero Fausto , Bonaccorsi Paola
Published: February 2022

Luminescent BODIPY-sugar probes have stimulated the attention of researchers for the potential applications of such molecular systems in bio-imaging.
Precision synthesis for well-defined linear and/or architecturally controlled thermoresponsive poly(N-substituted acrylamide)s
Authors: Narumi Atsushi , Sato Shin-ichiro , Shen Xiande , Kakuchi Toyoji
Published: February 2022

Precision syntheses and thermoresponsive properties for well-defined linear and/or architecturally controlled poly(N-substituted acrylamide)s are described together with their developmental history.
Synthesis of an amphiphilic copolymer using biopolymer-dextran via a combination of ROP and RAFT techniques
Authors: Das Karmakar Puja , Pal Sagar
Published: February 2022

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization are efficient synthetic approaches to develop self-assembled copolymers with narrow dispersity (Đ).
Synthesis of double-bond-containing diblock copolymers via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Zhou Mingtao , Guo Wanjun , Zhang Sen , Xu Binbin , Jin Weize , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: February 2022

We report well-defined double-bond-containing diblock copolymers via RAFT polymerization.
Controllable synthesis of platinum–tin intermetallic nanoparticles with high electrocatalytic performance for ethanol oxidation
Authors: Di Qian , Zhao Xixia , Zhu Wenjing , Luan Yiliang , Hou Zhen , Fan Xiaokun , Zhou Yan , Wang Shutao , Quan Zewei , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2022

A series of PtxSny intermetallic nanoparticles including Pt3Sn, PtSn, PtSn2, and PtSn4 were successfully synthesized by an HMDS-assisted method, and the ethanol oxidation reaction tests show that an Sn : Pt molar ratio of 1 : 1 shows the best activity.
Sensitive immunosensing of α-synuclein protein in human plasma samples using gold nanoparticles conjugated with graphene: an innovative immuno-platform towards early stage identification of Parkinson's disease using point of care (POC) analysis
Authors: Aminabad Esmaeil Darvish , Mobed Ahmad , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Hosseinpour Feizi Mohammad Ali , Safaralizadeh Reza , Seidi Farzad
Published: February 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) or simply Parkinson's is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, which mainly affects the motor system.
Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: immunoinformatic and computational methods
Authors: Rafi Md. Oliullah , Al-Khafaji Khattab , Sarker Md. Takim , Taskin-Tok Tugba , Rana Abdus Samad , Rahman Md. Shahedur
Published: February 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infections have spread throughout the world and became a rapidly emerging public health issue. The immunoinformatics approach was applied to design a potent multi-epitope vaccine against this deadly virus.
Developing the sensing features of copper electrodes as an environmental friendly detection tool for chemical oxygen demand
Authors: Elfeky Esmat M. S. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Elbashar Yahia H. , Barakat Mohammad H. , El Rouby Waleed M. A.
Published: February 2022

COD sensor based on a modified Cu wire electrode.
NiCo (oxy)selenide electrocatalysts via anionic regulation for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Xuzhen , Sun Minghui , Zhao Zongbin , Wang Zhiyu , Qiu Jieshan
Published: February 2022

NiCo (oxy)selenide electrocatalysts with an oxygen–selenium hetero-anionic structure exhibit preferable catalytic activities for sulfur redox, and improve the cycling and rate performance in Li–S batteries.
Bandgap-tuned fluorescent CuGaS2/ZnS core/shell quantum dots for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Hase Shunnosuke , Iso Yoshiki , Isobe Tetsuhiko
Published: February 2022

CuGaS2/ZnS quantum dots were investigated for a luminescent downshifting layer and luminescent solar concentrator with a single-crystalline silicon solar module.
New crystalline 1D/2D/3D indium selenides directed by piperidine and auxiliary solvents
Authors: Xue Chaozhuang , Lin Jian , Zhang Yifan , Liu Zhiyang , Li Rui , Gong Shuwen , Qu Konggang
Published: February 2022

Controlling the auxiliary solvents resulted in four crystalline chalcogenide structures in the In–Se–PR system.
ZnO and reduced graphene oxide electrodes for all-in-one supercapacitor devices
Authors: Buldu-Akturk Merve , Toufani Maryam , Tufani Ali , Erdem Emre
Published: February 2022

The nature and positions of defects, i.e., whether they are at the surface or in the lattice, in ZnO and carbonaceous electrodes were identified via EPR spectroscopy. It was shown that defects play a crucial role in supercapacitor device performance.
Hyperpolarization study on remdesivir with its biological reaction monitoring via signal amplification by reversible exchange
Authors: Jeong Hye Jin , Min Sein , Kim Sarah , Namgoong Sung Keon , Jeong Keunhong
Published: February 2022

Hyperpolarized proton signals in the entire structure of remdesivir are obtained due to a long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. Biological real-time reaction monitoring, by using a protein enzyme under mild conditions is carried out.
TSV‐based common‐mode noise‐suppressing filter design and implementation
Authors: Li Zhensong , Liu Huan , Sun Yunheng , Yang Yang , Miao Min , Ma Shenglin , Jin Yufeng
Published: February 2022

A through‐silicon via (TSV)‐based, common‐mode, noise‐suppressing filter (TSV‐CMF) with the silicon interposer process is proposed to improve the electromagnetic compatibility in 3D integrated circuits. A differential fifth‐order T‐model low‐pass filter prototype circuit for transmission lines with common inductance is used to characterize and design the stopband and the corresponding two transmission zeros for the common mode (CM). The circuit parameters are carefully designed and calculated to fit the performance requirement. The TSV‐CMF is implemented in an interposer process with TSV as the vertical connect and redistribution layer (RDL) as the capacitance and inductance. TSV‐CMF samples are tested, and the measurement results match those of the full‐wave simulation. The differential cut‐off frequency of the TSV‐CMF can reach 16 GHz, and the CM stopband is around 5.3–16.0 GHz with 100% fractional bandwidth.
Time‐varying non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) satellite navigation channel modelling and simulation using multiple point‐scatterers
Authors: Zhou Shun , Ou Gang , Tang Xiaomei , Mou Weihua
Published: February 2022

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in modelling and simulation of time‐varying (TV) non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) channels for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) as an assisted means of resolving the GNSS urban canyon problem. In the above context, modelling and simulation of TV NLOS channels for GNSS have been investigated and studied due to their rapidly TV characteristics. However, conventional simulation approaches for TV multipath channels suffer from inconsistency and lack physical soundness, resulting in a non‐smooth transition of the Doppler shift and low simulation output accuracy. The authors propose an improved satellite navigation channel modelling and simulation method for TV NLOS reception scenarios. The multiple‐point‐scatterer model framework is applied to the TV NLOS satellite navigation channel model. The major novelty of the proposed method is integrating the multiple‐point‐scatterer model with online planning of a kinematics trajectory to map changes in the continuous velocity to the Doppler shift, which can keep consistency and accuracy. As a side benefit of the authors' work, numerical integration based on the efficient composite trapezoidal rule is proposed to calculate the precise changes in signal path length, phase, and Doppler shift. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed modelling and simulation method can not only accurately simulate the TV characteristics of the channel multipath with the continuous phase and the Doppler shift, but also reproduce the Rayleigh fading statistics of the TV channel, thus effectively approximating the physical propagation model and generating the TV NLOS satellite navigation channel.
Machine learning methods for constructing probabilisticFermi-LAT catalogs
Authors: Bhat A. , Malyshev D.
Published: February 2022

Context.Classification of sources is one of the most important tasks in astronomy. Sources detected in one wavelength band, for example using gamma rays, may have several possible associations in other wavebands, or there may be no plausible association candidates.

Aims.In this work we aim to determine the probabilistic classification of unassociated sources in the thirdFermiLarge Area Telescope (LAT) point source catalog (3FGL) and the fourthFermiLAT data release 2 point source catalog (4FGL-DR2) using two classes – pulsars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) – or three classes – pulsars, AGNs, and “OTHER” sources.

Methods.We use several machine learning (ML) methods to determine a probabilistic classification ofFermi-LAT sources. We evaluate the dependence of results on the meta-parameters of the ML methods, such as the maximal depth of the trees in tree-based classification methods and the number of neurons in neural networks.

Results.We determine a probabilistic classification of both associated and unassociated sources in the 3FGL and 4FGL-DR2 catalogs. We cross-check the accuracy by comparing the predicted classes of unassociated sources in 3FGL with their associations in 4FGL-DR2 for cases where such associations exist. We find that in the two-class case it is important to correct for the presence of OTHER sources among the unassociated ones in order to realistically estimate the number of pulsars and AGNs. We find that the three-class classification, despite different types of sources in the OTHER class, has a similar performance as the two-class classification in terms of reliability diagrams and, at the same time, it does not require adjustment due to presence of the OTHER sources among the unassociated sources. We show an example of the use of the probabilistic catalogs for population studies, which include associated and unassociated sources.
Establishing the X-ray source detection strategy for eROSITA with simulations
Authors: Liu Teng , Merloni Andrea , Comparat Johan , Nandra Kirpal , Sanders Jeremy , Lamer Georg , Buchner Johannes , Dwelly Tom , Freyberg Michael , Malyali Adam , Georgakakis Antonis , Salvato Mara , Brunner Hermann , Brusa Marcella , Klein Matthias , Ghirardini Vittorio , Clerc Nicolas , Pacaud Florian , Bulbul Esra , Liu Ang , Schwope Axel , Robrade Jan , Wilms Jörn , Dauser Thomas , Ramos-Ceja Miriam E. , Reiprich Thomas H. , Boller Thomas , Wolf Julien
Published: February 2022

Context. The eROSITA X-ray telescope on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma satellite has started to detect new X-ray sources over the full sky at an unprecedented rate. Understanding the performance and selection function of the source detection is important for the subsequent scientific analysis of the eROSITA catalogs.

Aims. Through simulations, we test and optimize the eROSITA source detection procedures, and we characterize the detected catalog quantitatively.

Methods. Taking the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) as an example, we ran extensive photon-event simulations based on our best knowledge of the instrument characteristics, the background spectrum, and the population of astronomical X-ray sources. We introduce a method of analyzing source detection completeness, purity, and efficiency based on the origin of each photon. Results. According to the source detection efficiency measured in the simulation, we chose a two-pronged strategy to build eROSITA X-ray catalogs, creating a main catalog using only the most sensitive band (0.2–2.3 keV) and an independent hard-band-selected catalog using multiband detection in a range up to 5 keV. Because our mock data are highly representative of the real eFEDS data, we used the mock catalogs to measure the completeness and purity of the eFEDS catalogs as a function of multiple parameters, such as detection likelihood, flux, and luminosity. These measurements provide a basis for choosing the eFEDS catalog selection thresholds. The mock catalogs (available with this paper) can be used to construct the selection function of active galactic nuclei and galaxy clusters. A direct comparison of the output and input mock catalogs also gives rise to a correction curve that converts the raw point-source flux distribution into the intrinsic number counts distribution.
Effects of Physical Training on Heart Rate Variability in Children
and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis
Authors: Estévez-González Agustín Jesús , Pérez-Ruiz Margarita , Cobo-Vicente Fernando , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes , Larumbe-Zabala Eneko
Published: February 2022

This study analyzed the effects of physical training programs on heart rate
variability, as a measure of sympathovagal balance, in children and adolescents
with chronic diseases. Relevant articles were systematically searched in Pubmed,
Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase scientific
databases. We performed a meta-analysis using an inverse variance heterogeneity
model. Effect size calculation was based on the standardized mean differences
between pre- and post-intervention assessments, assuring at least a single-group
repeated-measures model for each extracted group. Ten studies (252 participants)
were included, seven in obese subjects, two in type-1 diabetes, and one in
cerebral palsy. When time-domain variables were analyzed, exercise was found to
moderately increase RMSSD (SMD=0.478; 95%CI: 0.227 to 0.729;
p<0.001), SDNN (SMD=0.367; 95%CI: 0.139 to
0.595; p=0.002) and pNN50 (SMD=0.817; 95%CI:
0.139 to 0.595; p=0.002). As for frequency-domain variables,
exercise presented a moderate increasing effect on HF (SMD=0.512;
95%CI: 0.240 to 0.783; p<0.001), a negligible effect for
LF (SMD=0.077; 95%CI: –0.259 to 0.412;
p<0.001) and a non-significant reduction for LF/HF
(SMD=–0.519; 95%CI: -1.162 to 0.124;
p=0.114). In conclusion, physical training programs are able to
modulate heart rate variability in children and adolescents with chronic
diseases, affecting mainly the time-domain variables.
Comparison between DXA and MRI for the Visceral Fat Assessment in Athletes
Authors: Murata Hiroko , Yagi Tomoyoshi , Midorikawa Taishi , Torii Suguru , Takai Eri , Taguchi Motoko
Published: February 2022

The use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may be invalid for assessing athletes with larger bodies, larger lean body mass, and thicker trunks. This study compared the athletes' visceral adipose tissue (VAT) assessed using DXA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Eighty-two Japanese male collegiate athletes from 18 sports participated in this study. VAT was assessed using the dual-energy scan that coincided with the 4th lumbar vertebra. The sum of eight magnetic resonance slices corresponding to the region of the dual-energy scan was used for comparison. The VAT volume was higher with the dual-energy scan than with MRI (difference: 35 cm3, p<0.01). A significant correlation was noted between the volumes measured using both modalities (r=0.88, p<0.01). Magnetic resonance-derived volumes less than 600 cm3 showed a stronger significant correlation with dual-energy-derived volumes. However, magnetic resonance-derived VAT volumes exceeding 600 cm3 were not significantly correlated with dual-energy-derived volumes. In conclusion, VAT volumes derived from DXA were larger and significantly correlated with those derived from MRI across a wide range of values. Methods using DXA for assessing the visceral fat volume may require adjustment to estimate abdominal visceral fat volume in athletes, with care taken when using such methods for heavyweight athletes.
Risk factors for gastric metachronous lesions after endoscopic or surgical resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ortigão Raquel , Figueirôa Gonçalo , Frazzoni Leonardo , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Hassan Cesare , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Fuccio Lorenzo , Libânio Diogo
Published: February 2022

Introduction Metachronous gastric lesions (MGL) are a significant concern after both endoscopic and surgical resection for early gastric cancer. Identification of risk factors for MGL could help to individualize surveillance schedules and potentially reduce the burden of care, but data are inconclusive. We aimed to identify risk factors for MGL and compare the incidence after endoscopic resection (ER) and subtotal gastrectomy.

Methods We conducted a systematic review by searching PubMed, ISI, and Scopus, and performed meta-analysis.

Results 52 studies were included. Pooled cumulative MGL incidence after ER was 9.3 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 7.7 % to 11.0 %), significantly higher than after subtotal gastrectomy (1.2 %, 95 %CI 0.5 % to 2.2 %). After adjusting for mean follow-up, predicted MGL at 5 years was 9.5 % after ER and 0.7 % after subtotal gastrectomy. Older age (mean difference 1.08 years, 95 %CI 0.21 to 1.96), male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.43, 95 %CI 1.22 to 1.66), family history of gastric cancer (OR 1.88, 95 %CI 1.03 to 3.41), synchronous lesions (OR 1.72, 95 %CI 1.30 to 2.28), severe gastric mucosal atrophy (OR 2.77, 95 %CI 1.22 to 6.29), intestinal metaplasia in corpus (OR 3.15, 95 %CI 1.67 to 5.96), persistent Helicobacter pylori infection (OR 2.08, 95 %CI 1.60 to 2.72), and lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (mean difference –0.54, 95 %CI –0.86 to –0.22) were significantly associated with MGL after ER. Index lesion characteristics were not significantly associated with MGL. ER treatment was possible in 83.2 % of 914 MGLs (95 %CI 72.2 to 91.9 %).

Conclusion Follow-up schedules should be different after ER and subtotal gastrectomy, and individualized further based on diverse risk factors.
Psychische Belastung von Geflüchteten in vorläufigen
Unterkünften des
Rhein-Neckar-Kreises/Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Rzepka Irja , Zehetmair Catharina , Nagy Ede , Kindermann David , Kölmel Christoph , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Nikendei Christoph
Published: February 2022

Ziel der Studie Aufgrund von prä-, peri und post-migratorischen
Stressfaktoren leiden Geflüchtete häufiger als die
Allgemeinbevölkerung unter psychischen Erkrankungen. Um die
Prävalenz von Posttraumatischem Stress, depressiven und Angstsymptomen
bei Geflüchteten niederschwellig zu erfassen, wurde eine Erhebung mit
Kurzfragebögen in vorläufigen Unterkünften des
Rhein-Neckar-Kreises durchgeführt.

Methodik Zur Erfassung der Prävalenz psychischer
Belastungssymptome wurden alle erwachsenen Geflüchteten in 7
vorläufigen Unterkünften des Rhein-Neckar-Kreises angesprochen.
Willigten sie in die Erhebung ein und sprachen eine der 7 verfügbaren
Sprachen, wurde die psychische Belastung mittels PC-PTSD-5 und PHQ-4 erhoben
(n=106).

Ergebnisse Die Befragten erlebten im Durchschnitt 3,18 (SD 2,48)
traumatische Ereignisse. 47,2% der Befragten zeigten Symptome einer
Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, 37,7% einer Depression und
29,2% einer Angststörung. Dabei standen weder das Geschlecht
noch das Alter in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit bestimmten traumatischen
Erlebnissen oder den genannten Diagnosen.

Diskussion Die vorliegende Studie zeigt eine hohe Prävalenz von
Traumatisierung, Depression- und Angstsymptomen bei Geflüchteten, die in
Deutschland in vorläufigen Unterkünften leben. Sowohl die
Identifizierung der Betroffenen wie auch die psychologische Versorgung sind
jedoch mit zahlreichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden.

Schlussfolgerung Auch nach längerem Aufenthalt in Deutschland ist
die Prävalenz psychischer Belastung bei Geflüchteten im
Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung deutlich erhöht. Es besteht
großer Bedarf, psychisch erkrankte Geflüchtete systematisch zu
identifizieren und bestehende Versorgungslücken zu
schließen.
Fat in the Fossa and the Sphenoid Sinus: A Simple and Effective Solution to CSF Leaks in Transsphenoidal Surgery. Cohort Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Baig Mirza Asfand , Boardman Timothy , Okasha Mohamed , El-Hariri Hazem Mohamed , Al Banna Qusai , Syrris Christoforos , Baig Mirza Kaumal , Vastani Amisha , Visagan Ravindran , Shapey Jonathan , Maratos Eleni , Barazi Sinan , Thomas Nick
Published: February 2022

Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) remains a challenge and is associated with high morbidity. We perform a primary repair with fat in the pituitary fossa and further fat in the sphenoid sinus (FFS). We compare the efficacy of this FFS technique with other repair methods and perform a systematic review.

Design, Patients, and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing standard TSS from 2009 to 2020, comparing the incidence of significant postoperative CSF rhinorrhea (requiring intervention) using the FFS technique compared with other intraoperative repair strategies. Systematic review of current repair methods described in the literature was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results In all, there were 439 patients, with 276 patients undergoing multilayer repair, 68 patients FFS repair, and 95 patients no repair. No significant differences were observed in baseline demographics between the groups. Postoperative CSF leak requiring intervention was significantly lower in the FFS repair group (4.4%) compared with the multilayer (20.3%) and no repair groups (12.6%, p < 0.01). This translated to fewer reoperations (2.9% FFS vs. 13.4% multilayer vs. 8.4% no repair, p < 0.05), fewer lumbar drains (2.9% FFS vs. 15.6% multilayer vs. 5.3% no repair, p < 0.01), and shorter hospital stay (median days: 4 [3–7] FFS vs. 6 (5–10) multilayer vs. 5 (3–7) no repair, p < 0.01). Risk factors for postoperative leak included female gender, perioperative lumbar drain, and intraoperative leak.

Conclusion Autologous fat on fat graft for standard endoscopic transsphenoidal approach effectively reduces the risk of significant postoperative CSF leak with reduced reoperation and shorter hospital stay.
Introduction to Spatial Anion Control for Direct C–H Arylation
Authors: Čorić Ilija , Dhankhar Jyoti
Published: February 2022

C–H activation of functionally rich molecules without the need for directing groups promises shorter organic syntheses and late-stage diversification of molecules for drug discovery. We highlight recent examples of palladium-catalyzed nondirected functionalization of C–H bonds in arenes as limiting substrates with a focus on the development of the concept of spatial anion control for direct C–H arylation.

1 C–H Activation and the CMD Mechanism

2 Nondirected C–H Functionalizations of Arenes as Limiting Substrates

3 Nondirected C–H Arylation

4 Spatial Anion Control for Direct C–H Arylation

5 Coordination Chemistry with Spatial Anion Control

6 Conclusion
Rh2(esp)2-Catalyzed Redox/Cycloaddition Cascade of Diazoaceto­acetate Enones with N-Methyl Nitrones: Diastereoselective Synthesis of β-Lactams with Two Adjacent Chiral Centers
Authors: Xu Xichen , Zhao Yingjun , Xu Rujie , Xu Zhengqing
Published: February 2022

A Rh2(esp)2-catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized β-lactams is developed. By employing Rh2(esp)2 as the catalyst, a reaction cascade operates by reducing an N-methyl nitrone to the corresponding N-methyl imine in the presence of a first molecule of the diazoacetoacetate enone. A second molecule of the diazoacetoacetate enone sensing a change in the reaction medium undergoes a Wolff rearrangement to afford a vinyl ketene. This vinyl ketene then reacts with the in situ generated N-methyl imine to diastereoselectively furnish a β-lactam with two contiguous stereogenic centers. Extension of this method to the [2+2]-cycloaddition of PMB-protected imines and diazoacetoacetate enones catalyzed by Rh2(esp)2 is also reported.
Significance of Pattern of Invasion in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Retrospective Study from a Regional Cancer Center of North-East India
Authors: Rhutso Yopovinu , Kakoti Lopa M. , Sharma Jagannath D. , Kalita Manoj
Published: February 2022

Introduction Many multiparametric models and scoring systems had been proposed in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) to predict the survival and recurrence, out of which pattern of invasion (POI) is gaining focus recently.

Objective We conducted a retrospective study with the aim to see the prognostic significance of the POI and other parameters such as depth of invasion, perineural invasion (PNI), and lymph node status in OTSCC.

Materials and Methods The slides of already diagnosed OTSCC cases were prepared from January 2015 to December 2017 records and studied by two pathologists for different patterns using Brandwein-Gensler scoring system. The different clinicopathologic parameters were compared with different POI. Statistical analysis was performed to present cumulative survival outcomes and for comparison.

Results Most of our patients were > 40 years of age with male preponderance. Tumor differentiation pattern was assessed using Broders' system of grading that showed 85% of tumors were well, 12.5% tumors were moderately differentiated, and 2.5% tumors were poorly differentiated. The worst POI was predominantly pattern III (50%) followed by pattern II (32.5%) and pattern IV (13.8%). Most patients were in stage II (33.8%) followed by stage III (32.5%), stage IV (26.3%), and stage I (7.5%). There was an inverse relationship between POI with tumor stage and recurrence. A strong statistically significant association was found between POI with perineural infiltration and lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion We concluded from our study that worst POI is significantly associated with number of lymph nodes metastasis and perineural infiltration and hence can be used as an independent prognostic factor.
The Use of Propargylamines to Synthesize Amino-1,2,3-triazoles via Cycloaddition of Azides with Allenamines
Authors: Wu Luyong , Qiu Shanguang , Chen Wenhao , Li Dongying , Chen Yuxue , Niu Yanning , Wu Yi , Lei Yang , He Wenying
Published: February 2022

A novel reaction of propargylamines with aryl azides is designed for the synthesis of 5-amino-1,2,3-triazoles employing a one-pot strategy. In this process, base-mediated isomerization of propargylamines generates allenamine intermediates, which participate in a cyclization reaction with azides. Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed that t-BuOK as the base and DMF as the solvent gave the best yields. This protocol is expanded to different propargylamines and azides, with the results showing that 3-aryl propargylamines and aryl azides are tolerated to produce the corresponding 1,2,3-triazoles. This procedure provides a simple and efficient method to access a series of 5-amino-1,2,3-triazoles possessing a wide spectrum of functional groups.
Preoperative Combined Adiposity–Nutritional Index Predicts Major aDverse Cardiac and Cerebral Events following Off-pump coRonary Artery Revascularization (PANDORA): A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Bansal Noopur , Magoon Rohan , Dey Souvik , ItiShri ItiShri , Walian Ashish , Kohli Jasvinder Kaur , Kashav Ramesh Chand
Published: February 2022

Background The metabolic–nutritional profile of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients can be an important outcome determinant. A high visceral adiposity index (VAI) and a low prognostic nutritional index (PNI) have been described to predict major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) in nonoperative settings and poor cardiac-surgical outcomes, respectively. The present study evaluated the MACCE-predictive value of the two indices, in isolation and as a combined adiposity–nutritional index (CANI = VAI/PNI) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).

Methods The retrospective study was conducted in 1207 OPCABG patients at a tertiary cardiac care center. Thirty-day postoperative data was evaluated for the development of MACCE, defined by any of the following: cardiac arrest, ST-segment elevation myocardial ischemia (STEMI), repeat coronary revascularization, or stroke. The perioperative characteristics of the MACCE and no-MACCE groups were analyzed for the predictors of postoperative MACCE.

Results One-hundred thirty-two patients (10.93%) developed MACCE postoperatively. On univariate analysis, age, EuroSCORE II, ejection fraction, diabetes mellitus, asymptomatic carotid artery disease, left main (LM) disease, PNI, and VAI predicted MACCE. Subsequent to multivariate analysis, age, EuroSCORE II, and CANI were the independent predictors. The MACCE predictive cutoffs of VAI, PNI, and CANI were 3.2, 38.46, and 0.075 (area under the curve [AUC]; sensitivity; specificity: 0.64; 77%; 81.3%, 0.77; 92.6%, 65%, 0.78; 64.5%; 80.2%, respectively). CANI correlated positively with duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and mean postoperative vasoactive inotropic scores (VIS). CANI ≥ 0.075 was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, low cardiac output syndrome, and acute kidney injury.

Conclusions CANI emerged as an independent predictor of MACCE following OPCABG.
Outcome of Surgery for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Disease without Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Rashidi Farid , Parvizi Rezayat , Bilejani Eisa , Mahmoudian Babak , Koohi Ata
Published: February 2022

Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious condition that results from incomplete resolution of thromboemboli in pulmonary arteries. Symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic disease may have normal hemodynamic at rest. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) in symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) in the absence of pulmonary hypertension as currently defined (mean pulmonary artery pressure [mPAP] < 20 mm Hg).

Patients and Methods Here, we report four symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic and normal hemodynamic at rest (mPAP ≤20 mm Hg or 20 < mPAP < 25 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] < 240 dyn·s/cm5) who underwent PEA between September 2015 and September 2019. The main outcome measures were functional New York Heart Association class, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), hemodynamic measures in right heart catheterization (RHC), morbidity, and mortality.

Results There were significant improvement in function class (2.6 ± 0.54 vs. 1 ± 0.2, p = 0.00), mPAP (preoperative: 23.3 ± 0.5 mm Hg vs. postoperative: 18.6 ± 1.5 mm Hg, p = 0.02), 6MWD (preoperative: 378.2 ± 68.7 m vs. postoperative: 432.9 ± 44.5 m, p = 0.01), and PVR (215.33 ± 91 vs. 101 ± 32 dyn·s/cm5, p = 0.1) 6 months after surgery based on data from RHC which was done during exercise. Also, RHC showed a significant decrease in mPAP (preoperative: 37 ± 7.7 mm Hg vs. postoperative 28 ± 3.2 mm Hg, p = 0.06).

Conclusion PEA could improve function class and hemodynamic in patients with CTEPD. Considering hemodynamic improvement in this group of patients after PEA, definition of CTEPH may need to be revised.
A Study of Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Reference to Tobacco Use, Gender, and Subsite Distribution
Authors: Chauhan Richa , Trivedi Vinita , Rani Rita , Singh Usha
Published: February 2022

Context Head and neck cancer (HNC) is very common in India, constituting 30% of all the cancers because of the widespread use of tobacco across India. The prevalence and pattern of tobacco use vary in different regions and states of the country. Although predominantly seen in males, studies have reported that the male-to-female ratio varies worldwide and also by anatomical subsite.

Aims This study was done with an aim to determine the difference in pattern and prevalence of tobacco use in male and female patients with HNCs and compare them with different subsites' involvement in our region.

Methods and Materials This is a retrospective analysis of 500 consecutive biopsy-proven HNC patients from a large comprehensive cancer hospital from Bihar during the period of January 2019 to June 2019. Data collected for the study included age, gender, site of the disease, and use of tobacco. The categorical data were analyzed by a chi-square test using SPSS (version 16).

Results Our study showed a male-to-female ratio of 8.43:1 with tobacco addiction in 84.40% patients. Smokeless tobacco was used by 52.20%, combustible form by 12.80%, and both by 19.40% of the patients. Tobacco use was seen in 87.25% of male patients as compared with only 60.38% of female patients (p-value = 0.0001). Oral cavity cancer was seen in 60.85% of male patients and 37.74% of female patients (p-value = 0.0012), whereas oropharyngeal cancer was seen in only 11.63% of male patients as compared with 25.83% of female patients (p-value = 0.0008). The subsite analysis showed that in patients with oral cavity cancers, no addiction was found in only 10.29% of male patients as compared with 30% of the female patients (p-value = 0.008).

Conclusions Our study confirms a high prevalence of tobacco use among HNC patients. So, we need to continue our efforts to create awareness against tobacco use. Besides, there is also a need for more studies to look into other etiological factors among nontobacco users.