bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Pregnancy with diabetes mellitus: Study in a district hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Dr. Fakhria Alam  , Dr. Jannatul Ferdous  , Dr. Mohammad Mostafizur Rahman
Published: November 2024

Cardiac disease is an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in antepartum and postpartum period. Objectives of our study was to determine maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women in Bangladesh.This was a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of Obstretics & Gynecology in 250 bedded General Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to in December 2018. The aim of this study was to find out the maternal and fetal outcome of the pregnancies complicated by pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus. In this study, a total of 225 patients were selected using purposive sampling technique. There were three groups of pre-gestational diabetic, gestational diabetic and non-diabetic control, designated as Group A, Group B, Group C accordingly; and each consists of 75 patients. Information collected from all pregnant women (After 28 weeks of gestation) with diagnosed GDM and Pre-GDM and symptoms signs suggestive of GDM and Pre-GDM later confirmed by relevant investigation (FBS, 2h PPBS & HbA1C) using a questionnaire made for recoding all relevant parameters under study, after proper counseling and taking written consent of the patient or her legal guardian admitted during the study period in obstetric ward in Rangpur Medical College & Hospital, Rangpur. Results: History of GDM was significantly more common among patients with pre-GDM (38%) and GDM (18%) compared to controls. History of abortion, IUFD and congenital anomaly were significantly higher among pre-GDM mothers than GDM mothers and controls (p<0.05). History of deliveries with macrosomia and still birth was distributed similarly across the groups (p>0.05). Pre–GDM and GDM patients had significantly higher number of patients with HbA1C >6.5% than controls. Mean FBS and PPBS was significantly higher in pre-GDM & GDM patients than control (p<0.05). APGAR score was <7 in significantly higher number of pre–GDM and GDM babies than controls (p <0.05). Mean Weight of the babies was significantly lower among pre–GDM patients than GDM patients (p <0.05). Among pre–GDM patients and GDM patient’s cases of birth asphyxia, Hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia and congenital anomalies were significantly higher than controls (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Interventions such as preconception care for women with pre-gestational diabetes, screening for early diagnosis, patient education, multidisciplinary approach and good metabolic control maintained throughout the pregnancy is the key to successful fetomaternal outcome.
Etiological Spectrum of Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Preschool Children: A One-Year Comprehensive Investigation Reveals a Predominance of Non-Organic Causes
Authors: Md. Atiqul Islam
Published: November 2024

Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common concern affecting preschool children, impacting their daily activities. This one-year study, conducted from March 2017 to February 2018, aimed to explore the etiological spectrum of RAP in this age group, with a specific focus on differentiating between organic and non-organic causes.
Methods: Eighty preschool children presenting with RAP were enrolled in the study. A comprehensive investigation included thorough interviews, physical examinations, and initial blood, urine, and stool evaluations. Additional diagnostic modalities, such as abdominal ultrasonography, radiography, and endoscopy, were employed. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics to categorize and understand the distribution of organic and non-organic causes.
Results: Among the 80 preschool children investigated, 37.5% exhibited organic causes, with urinary tract infections (UTIs) being the most prevalent (20%), either alone or coexisting with other parasitic infections. Non-organic causes dominated, comprising 62.5% of cases. Psychosocial factors, including school phobia, sibling rivalry, and familial discord, were identified as significant contributors to RAP.
Conclusion: This comprehensive one-year study reveals a notable predominance of non-organic causes of recurrent abdominal pain in preschool children. UTIs were the leading organic cause, while psychosocial factors emerged as significant influencers. These findings underscore the importance of considering both medical and psychosocial aspects in the evaluation and management of RAP in this age group. Further research and instrumental support are warranted to enhance our understanding and refine therapeutic approaches for preschool children with recurrent abdominal pain.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Pediatric Enteric Fever: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Md. Atiqul Islam  , Sheuly Begum  , Mohammad Mostafizur Rahman  , Md.Mizanur Rahaman  , AKM Tajuddin Bhuiyan
Published: November 2024

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity patterns among pediatric patients with enteric fever at the Department of Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, during the period from July 2005 to June 2006. The primary objective was to identify the prevalent antibiotic sensitivities in order to enhance the efficacy of treatment strategies for typhoid fever in children.
Methods: Ninety-eight suspected cases of enteric fever, aged between 2 and 12 years, were selected from admissions to the above-mentioned hospital. Blood culture and sensitivity testing were performed for Salmonella typhi and paratyphi. Demographic information, pre-admission antibiotic usage, and sensitivity profiles to various antibiotics, including Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Imipenem, Nalidixic acid, and Ampicillin, were analyzed.
Results: The majority of patients (62.2%) were in the 5-9 years age group, and males constituted 61.22% of the study population. Blood cultures revealed 71.44% sensitivity for Salmonella typhi and 28.57% for paratyphi. Among the antibiotics tested, Ceftriaxone exhibited 100% sensitivity, followed by Cefixime (80.2%), Chloramphenicol (78.57%), Ciprofloxacin (65.20%), Azithromycin (60%), Amoxicillin (54.6%), Imipenem, Nalidixic acid (Intermediate sensitive, 56.3%), Ciprofloxacin (Intermediate sensitive, 25%), and Ampicillin (Intermediate sensitive, 18.8%). Nearly half of the patients (47.3%) received antibiotics before admission, and 43.8% of culture-positive patients had a history of pre-admission antibiotic use.
Conclusion: The study concludes that understanding antibiotic sensitivity patterns is crucial for successful typhoid fever treatment in children. Ceftriaxone and Cefixime emerged as highly effective, while the unnecessary use of antibiotics prior to admission may influence sensitivity patterns. This information underscores the importance of judicious antibiotic prescribing practices to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes in pediatric enteric fever cases.
Evaluation of Preoperative Serum CA-125 as a Predictor of Cancer Severity
Authors: Kaniz Fatema
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Ovarian cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with its prognosis closely tied to the stage at diagnosis. Serum CA-125 has been widely recognized as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer, but its efficacy in predicting cancer severity, particularly in diverse populations, requires further exploration.Aim of the study: The aim of the study wasMethods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecological Oncology, BSMMU, Dhaka, analyzing hospital records of 150 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer from September 2019 to August 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, with clinical examinations and relevant investigations recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22, considering a p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.Result: The study population predominantly consisted of patients aged between 41-50 years (28%), with the majority being housewives (68%). The most common histopathological type was serous tumors (70%), and the majority of patients were diagnosed at advanced stages (Stage III: 44%, Stage IV: 10.67%). A significant correlation was found between preoperative serum CA-125 levels and the stage of cancer, with the highest mean CA-125 levels observed in stage IV (1484.00 ± 101.34, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The study underscores the potential of preoperative serum CA-125 levels as a significant predictor of ovarian cancer severity. Elevated CA-125 levels were associated with advanced stages of cancer, suggesting its utility in clinical practice for prognosis and guiding treatment strategies. These findings highlight the need for early detection and intervention in ovarian cancer management.
Impact of Gestational Diabetes and Pre-existing Diabetes in Fetal Outcome among Pregnancy Cases of Rangpur
Authors: Nahida Sultana
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Diabetes in pregnancy, including gestational and pre-gestational diabetes, presents significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Understanding the impact of these conditions on pregnancy outcomes is crucial for developing effective management strategies.Methods: This observational comparative study involved 300 pregnant women at Rangpur Medical College Hospital, divided into three groups: pre-gestational diabetic (Group A), gestational diabetic (Group B), and non-diabetic control (Group C). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric profiles, mode of delivery, maternal complications, and fetal outcomes were collected and analyzed.Result: The study meticulously analyzed socio-demographic characteristics, revealing no significant differences across the groups. In obstetric profiles, Group A (Pre-Gestational Diabetic) had a notably lower mean gestational age at delivery (36.06 ± 2.71 weeks) compared to Group B (Gestational Diabetic) and Group C (Control), with mean ages of 37.34± 1.12 and 38.46±1.13 weeks, respectively. Maternal complications were significantly higher in Group A at 47%, compared to 25% in Group B and 12% in Group C. Fetal outcomes showed marked variations: Group A had 95% stable births, 5% stillbirths, and 60% of neonates with Apgar scores ≤7 at 5 minutes. In contrast, Group B had 96% stable births, 4% stillbirths, and 27% of neonates with Apgar scores ≤7, while Group C reported 100% stable births and 11% with Apgar scores ≤7. Birth weight distribution indicated 24% of neonates in Group A weighed <2 kg, compared to 5% in Group B and 4% in Group C. NICU admissions were highest in Group A (44%), followed by Group B (29%) and Group C (11%). Perinatal complications like birth asphyxia (38% in Group A, 16% in Group B, 6% in Group C), hypoglycemia (22% in Group A, 10% in Group B, 4% in Group C), and hyperbilirubinemia (16% in Group A, 12% in Group B, 0% in Group C) were also significantly higher in diabetic groups.Conclusion: The presence of gestational or pre-gestational diabetes in mothers significantly impacts fetal outcomes and increases the risk of maternal complications. This study highlights the need for specialized care and vigilant monitoring in pregnancies complicated by diabetes to improve health outcomes for mothers and babies.
Radiological Outcome of Calcium Hydroxide as A Root Canal Sealer Constituent
Authors: Mukhlachur Rahman
Published: November 2024

Background: The effectiveness of root canal sealers plays a crucial role in the success of endodontic treatments by preventing microbial leakage and promoting periapical healing. This study aimed to compare the radiological outcomes of calcium hydroxide-based sealers and zinc oxide eugenol sealers in treating teeth with periradicular pathosis.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at different private clinics, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 60 permanent teeth with periradicular pathosis were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 (n=30), treated with zinc oxide eugenol sealer, and Group 2 (n=30), treated with calcium hydroxide-based sealer. Clinical evaluations were conducted on days 2 and 7 post-treatment, and radiological evaluations were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: The majority of participants were aged 11-30 years, with a higher proportion of males in both groups. Trauma was the leading etiological factor, with maxillary teeth being more frequently affected. Group 2 showed significantly better radiological outcomes, with 80.00% exhibiting reduced periapical pathosis size at 3 months, compared to 26.67% in Group 1 (p < 0.001). At 6 months, 93.33% of Group 2 showed reduced pathosis size, compared to 60.00% in Group 1 (p = 0.002). At 12 months, 96.67% of Group 2 and 83.33% of Group 1 showed reduced pathosis size (p = 0.194). The final success rate was 96.67% in Group 2 and 86.67% in Group 1, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.353).Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide-based sealers provide superior radiological outcomes compared to zinc oxide eugenol sealers in the treatment of teeth with periradicular pathosis. These findings support the use of calcium hydroxide sealers for enhanced endodontic treatment outcomes.
Observation of Postpartum Complications and Neonatal Birthweight among 54 cases of Cesarean Section
Authors: Shaheen Ferdous
Published: November 2024

Background: The puerperal period is critical for both the physical and emotional well-being of the mother and newborn. Cesarean sections are associated with various postpartum complications and neonatal outcomes, which necessitate thorough observation and management.Objective: To observe the puerperal conditions and neonatal birth weights among women who underwent cesarean sections at Enam Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Department of Gynae and Obs, Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh during the period from June 2014 to December 2014. A total of 54 patients who had given birth via cesarean section were included. Data on age, pregnancy duration, clinical complaints, comorbidities, previous cesarean section history, puerperal complications, and neonatal birth weights were collected and analyzed.Results: The majority of participants were aged 21-30 years (66.67%), with a mean age of 26.50 years. Most pregnancies lasted more than 37 weeks (46.30%). Clinical complaints included lower abdominal pain (40.74%) and per vaginal discharge (20.37%). Comorbidities such as gestational diabetes (25.93%) and anemia (24.07%) were prevalent. Previous cesarean section history showed that 57.41% had no prior cesarean sections, 25.93% had one, and 16.67% had two previous cesarean sections. Puerperal complications included tenderness (66.67%) and excessive bleeding (16.67%). Neonatal birth weights were classified as low birth weight (37.04%), normal birth weight (59.26%), and overweight (3.70%), with a mean birth weight of 2.749 kg (SD ± 0.497 kg).Conclusion: The study highlights the significant prevalence of clinical complaints, comorbidities, and puerperal complications among women undergoing cesarean sections. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive monitoring and targeted interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity, particularly in low-resource settings.
Hidden From View: Concealing and Revealing in Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Mego Debbie
Published: November 2024

In this article the theme of what is hidden from view in the sand tray is explored as a transitional space between that which is completely buried or unconscious and that which is completely visible and conscious. The author's interest in this topic stems from her own process in which this theme was significant. Several sandplay processes in which this theme is central are presented. There is discussion of the different ways figures can be partially hidden from view within the sand tray and their possible meanings. The symbolism of the veil and masked figures, which are inherently hidden, is explored. Through analysis of the progression of what is hidden or revealed in consecutive sandplay scenes, it is demonstrated that, depending on the context, what is hidden can indicate: personal and secondary trauma, shadow, an attempt to protect emerging and vulnerable aspects of the Self, wounding, healing and a connection to the collective. By attending more fully to this transitional space sandplay therapists can gain awareness of themes that are ready to come to the surface; this in turn helps them trace and guide their clients' progress in healing trauma.
Soviet Partisans in Lithuania in 1941–1944: Aspects of Repressive (Terrorist) Activity
Authors: Zizas Rimantas
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the establishment of the Soviet armed underground in the years of the Nazi Germany occupation (1941–1944), revealing its complicated situation and reasons, predetermining its repressive activity aspects – the use of coercion and violence. The expression of those activity aspects, concrete attempts to effect terror acts (political assassinations) against the German occupational regime, Lithuanian administration officers, political and military figures are elucidated on the basis of archival sources.
Soviet armed underground in Lithuania had the strong, many-sided and multiple repressive origin. In the spring of 1941–1942, the most important role in the organization of Soviet resistance belonged to the USSR NKGB–NKVD bodies. Already in July-August 1941, twelve NKGB–NKVD groups, 85 people, were sent to Lithuania for terrorist (also for intelligence and sabotage) actions. Those groups were not able to develop any activities in Lithuania, almost all participants of those groups perished. From the end of 1942, the Soviet partisan resistance was organized and guided by the Communist Party institutions, attempting to organize the Soviet underground on the broader political and social basis. The participants of the Soviet underground were: 1) groups sent from the Soviet rear; 2) Soviet prisoners of war; 3) Jews who avoided the holocaust; 4) Lithuanian (and of other countries) inhabitants of other nationalities, most of whom suffered the German repressions. On the eve of the war (1940), in the USSR-occupied and annexed Lithuania, no prerequisites and conditions existed for the Soviet underground activity, the majority of the population did not support it, its participants maintained their existence only by repressions, coercion and violence. Directives for terrorist actions were given from the leading centres in the Soviet rear.
Soviet partisans prepared unsuccessfully actions against the high-rank German occupational regime officers (General Commissioner in Lithuania Adrian von Renteln, Vilnius Command Commissioner Horst Wulff, etc.), the organizer of the local Lithuanian detachment Gen. Povilas Plechavičius. On the initiative of the Lithuanian national underground and supported by its participants, the Soviet partisans in March 1944 in the Švenčionys County killed two German leading economic executives (Fritz Ohl and Ernest Heinemann).
The article, on the basis of indirect sources, makes a presumption that special Soviet underground groups at the end of April 1944 near Kaunas murdered the high-rank Orthodox Church clergyman Sergyi (Voskresenski).
ANATOMICKO FUNKČNÍ POZNÁMKY K MANUÁLNÍ TERAPII PORUCH RAMENE
Authors: Krobot Alois
Published: November 2024

Rameno, myšleno ramenní pletenec, je nejpohyblivější ale také nejvíce zranitelné funkční spojení dospělého člověka. V klinické praxi jsou časté rozpaky nad konkrétními formami rehabilitace bolestivého a méně pohyblivého ramene. Zásadní, kromě farmakologické a fyzikální léčby, je především manuální terapie v širším myofasciálním smyslu. V patogenezi bolestivého ramene jsou kromě jednoznačných traumat nesporně častější druhotné příčiny. Hrozivá je diferenciálně nediagnostikovaná onkologie, ale stejně tak spinální i periferní neurovaskulární geneze. Nejčastější jsou ovšem funkční poruchy, v důsledku dlouhodobého a jednostranného funkčního přetěžování spolu s postupně progredující degenerací až fibrotizací myofasciálních struktur. Omezená a bolestivá ramena se v rehabilitaci (z logiky oboru) řeší symptomaticky. Prioritním cílem je manuálně obnovit pasivní a aktívní rozsahy celého pletence. V klinické praxi ovšem výsledky bývají rozporuplné. Nejčastějším důvodem je pozdní zahájení pohybové rehabilitace, již ve fázi významněji se manifestující fibrotizace. V nikoli menší míře to je také nižší znalost detailnější morfologie a souvisejících funkčních vazeb. V textu rekapitulujeme vybrané hlubší detaily z kostně vazivové a především svalové (myofasciální) morfologie, které naše (Lewitova) škola manuální terapie považuje za užitečné.
PRÍNOS RELAXAČNÝCH TECHNÍK V ADAPTAČNOM PROCESE U KLIENTOV ZARIADENÍ PRE SENIOROV. PRÍPADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA
Authors: Levická Jana , Orlíková Monika
Published: November 2024

Východisko: K najťažším obdobiam v živote seniora patrí jeho premiestnenie z domáceho prostredia do prostredia rezidenciálnej starostlivosti. Senior s odchodom z domáceho prostredia stráca aj dlhodobo budovaný pocit domova, bezpečia a tiež veľa sociálnych kontaktov. Prispôsobenie sa rezidenciálnej starostlivosti poskytovanej v zariadeniach pre seniorov je spojené s vyššou mierou stresu, čo môže na prechodnú dobu negatívne ovplyvňovať krvný tlak.
Cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť, či relaxačné techniky môžu prispieť k zníženiu a stabilizácii krvného tlaku seniora/seniorky.
Súbor: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 6 respondentov, z čoho boli štyri seniorky a 2 seniori. Respondenti boli vo veku od 67 do 79 rokov. Všetci respondenti aktuálne prechádzali adaptačným procesom na podmienky života v zariadení pre seniorov a dlhodobo boli liečení na hypertenziu. Priemerná dĺžka času stráveného v zariadení pre seniorov boli 3 mesiace.
Metódy: Výskum bol realizovaný v dizajne prípadovej štúdie v rámci ktorej boli pre zber dát použité metódy zúčastneného pozorovania a pološtrukturovaný rozhovor. Na  spracovanie dát sa využila metóda obsahovej analýzy.
Výsledky: Seniori prešli krátkym individuálnym nácvikom Jacobsonovej progresívnej relaxácie. Merania krvného tlaku pred aplikáciou Jacobsonovej progresívnej relaxácie a po jej ukončení preukázali pozitívny vplyv vybranej techniky na krvný tlak respondentov.  
Závery: V tejto štúdii sú primárne prezentované zistenia dokazujúce, že relaxácia môže mať pozitívny vplyv na úpravu krvného tlaku seniorov a senioriek. Tieto zistenia nás vedú k tomu, aby sme odporúčali zaradenie relaxačných techník medzi aktivity sociálnej rehabilitácie v zariadeniach pre seniorov.
PORANENIE TRICEPSOVEJ ŠĽACHY – PER ASPERA AD ASTRA
Authors: Sekáč Jaroslav , Kilian Miroslav , Šagát Peter , Bartík Peter , Jacko Peter , Sekáčová Alica , Durdík Štefan , Kubíková Eliška
Published: November 2024

Úvod: Ruptúra tricepsovej šľachy sa v literatúre uvádza ako najzriedkavejšie spomedzi všetkých šľachových poranení(Waugh RL, 1949). Úraz v oblasti lakťa je charakteristický výrazným opuchom a bolesťivosťou, čo výrazne obmedzuje vyšetrovacie a zobrazovacie možnosti.  Podľa literárnych údajov až 50 % týchto   poranení   je   nesprávne   dodiagnostikovaných a pacienti zvyčajne končia na rehabilitačných ambulanciách. Zároveň treba zdôrazniť, že poznanie biológie a hojivých procesov šľachových poranení výrazne zaostáva za ostatnými časťami muskuloskeletárneho systému.(Citeroni MR, 2020) Pochopenie vzťahov medzi mechanickými a biologickými vplyvmi pri vytváraní zdravého šľachového tkaniva napomôže pri efektívnej liečbe akútnych a chronických šľachových poranení (Nourissat G, 2015). Táto práca má za cieľ poskytnúť praktické rady a nové pohľady ako postupovať pri parciálnych léziach  tricepsovej šľachy z pohľadu chirurga v spolupráci s rehabilitačným lekárom. 
Metodika: Autori spracovali práce publikované v Pubmed za posledných 15 rokov a vytvorili si ucelený pohľad na diagnostiku a liečbu tohto poranenia. Následne tieto poznatky porovnali s vlastnými skúsenosťami pri práci v Univerzitnej nemocnici Bratislava. Incidencia je porovnateľná so svetovými literárnymi zdrojmi. Pri retrospektívnej analýze súboru za posledných 10 rokov je viac ako polovica pacientov riešená konzervatívne. Nové chirurgické metódy využívané pri sutúre a fixácii šľachy k olecranonu ulnae sú tiež stručne popísané, nakoľko poznanie základných princípov – ich výhody a nevýhody jednoznačne napomáha rehabilitačnému lekárovi pri zostavovaní individuálneho pooperačného rehabilitačného plánu.
Záver: Táto práca je prvým uceleným zhrnutím tejto problematiky a určite bude výbornou  pomôckou  pri praktickom rozhodovaní akú individuálnu pooperačnú starostlivosť zvoliť z pohľadu rehabilitačného lekára
VYŠŠIE JAZYKOVÉ FUNKCIE U PACIENTOV S CIEVNYMI MOZGOVÝMI PRÍHODAMI
Authors: Marková Jana , Čiernik Kevická Viktória , Dřímalová Ľubica , Melišová Magdaléna
Published: November 2024

Východisko: Pri komunikácii je dôležité nielen porozumenie a produkcia slov a viet, ale aj spracovanie dodatočnej jazykovej informácie, tzv. jazykových kontextov. Väčšina výskumov sa zameriava na úroveň slova a vety, menej často na text a len zriedkavo na jazykové kontexty. Zároveň ich výsledky sú nekonzistentné: niektoré tvrdia, že za spracovanie kontextov je zodpovedná subdominantná mozgová hemisféra, podľa iných sa na týchto procesoch podieľajú obidve mozgové hemisféry. Cieľom výskumu bolo vyšetriť Testom jazykových kontextov pacientov s cievnymi príhodami v pravej alebo ľavej mozgovej hemisfére a zistiť, ktorá z nich má väčší vplyv na spracovanie dodatočnej jazykovej informácie.
Súbor: Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 44 pacientov po cievnej mozgovej príhode, 15 s cievnou príhodou v ľavej mozgovej hemisfére a 29 s cievnou príhodou v pravej hemisfére. K týmto klinickým skupinám boli vytvorené kontrolné skupiny zdravých participantov rovnakého vzdelania, pohlavia a približne rovnakého veku.
Metódy: Vo výskume bol vytvorený  súbor úloh na diagnostiku šiestich kontextových oblastí: pragmatika, inferencie, obrazný jazyk, sémantický systém, paralingvistika a vnímanie priestoru. Získané dáta boli štatisticky spracované metódami opisnej a inferenčnej štatistiky.
Výsledky: Štatistické spracovanie potvrdilo signifikantné rozdiely medzi klinickou a príslušnou kontrolnou skupinou takmer vo všetkých sledovaných oblastiach. Medzi klinickými skupinami sa objavil významný rozdiel len  v pragmatike a vo vnímaní priestoru.
Závery: Výsledky naznačujú, že na vnímaní a spracúvaní jazykových kontextov sa podieľajú obidve mozgové hemisféry a problémy s ich interpretáciou sú prítomné pri lézii ktorejkoľvek z nich. Tieto deficity môžu mať výrazný vplyv na komunikáciu a každodenný život pacienta.
Entrepreneurial Skills Training Needs of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Plateau State
Authors: Bewaran, Yongsun Shikfu  , Moris, Priscilla Wetnwan
Published: November 2024

The increasing deadly attacks on various communities in Plateau state and the destruction of lives, properties, businesses and farm lands has forced many inhabitants to flee their homes to nearby towns and villages. This situation calls for urgent intervention to usher in more sober responses to the plight of the internally displaced persons. It is against this backdrop that the study examined the entrepreneurial skills training needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Plateau state. To facilitate the conduct of the study, three specific purposes, three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated. The descriptive survey design was used.  A total of 400 IDPs were surveyed from the five local government areas (Barkin Ladi, Bassa, Bokkos, Mangu and Ryom) using the non-probability sampling. The instrument used for data collection was the Entrepreneurial Skills Training Needs Questionnaire (ESTNQ).  The questionnaire was complemented by focus groups discussions across the five LGAs. The instrument went through face and content validation by three experts. The reliability of the instruments was ensured using the Cronbach Coefficient Alpha and the result yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.78.  The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation.  The hypotheses were tested using independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance.  The findings revealed that IDPs needed entrepreneurial skills such as managerial skills, financial skills, marketing skills and general business skills for self-reliance.  The study further revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean responses of male and female respondent on the entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial training methods for IDPs.  The study concluded that the scale and complexity of internal displacement in Plateau state means that significant efforts are required to provide an effective and well-coordinated humanitarian response.  The study recommended that government and all other stakeholders should as part of their interventions institute entrepreneurial skill training programmes for internally displaced persons.
The Demise of the Early Church in North Africa: Teaching Lessons for the Contemporary Nigerian Church
Authors: Anzaku Danjuma Umaru
Published: November 2024

This article explores the decline of the early Christian church in North Africa and its implications for the contemporary Nigerian church. By examining historical, sociopolitical, and theological factors that contributed to the disintegration of a once-thriving ecclesiastical community in 2nd – 7th Century, the study aims to draw meaningful lessons for present-day Nigerian Christians facing similar challenges. The research employs a historical-analytical methodology, utilizing primary texts from early church writings, contemporary scholarly work, and secondary sources to trace the transformations that led to the church's demise. The main argument posits that internal divisions, external pressures from rising imperial powers, and cultural assimilation played pivotal roles in the decline of early North African Christianity. However, key findings from the study reveal that, Christianity spread from Jerusalem to Africa especially North Africa before it later went to the Western countries. This dispels the false concept among Africans that “Christianity is a white man’s religion.” Secondly, while the early church in North Africa was confronted with internal challenges ranging from theological differences, cultural clashes to power tussles on the other hand, a combination of external factors, which includes the rise of Islam, political instability, invasions, economic hardship and state persecutions ultimately stroked the church and led to its demise. Finally, the demise of the early church in North Africa had profound implications. The loss of theological institutions, cultural richness, political power, religious freedom, economic prosperity, and social cohesion has left a lasting impact on the church in Africa. In light of these findings, the article recommends proactive strategies for the Nigerian church, including fostering unity in diversity among denominations, strengthening theological education, and emphasizing contextual faith practices. Ultimately, this study serves as both a cautionary tale and a source of hope for a vibrant Christian future in Nigeria.
Investigating the Effects of Democratic Leadership Style and Compensation on Indonesian Civil Servants' Performance
Authors: Siahaan Rumiris , Sinurat Mangasi , Rusmewahni Rusmewahni , Jayanti Suci Etri , Ilham Rico Nur
Published: November 2024

Employee performance is the outcome of a process measured over a specific period on the basis of predetermined provisions or agreements. Generally, performance can be interpreted as an individual's entire work process, with results as a basis for determining whether their work is satisfactory. This study investigated the influence of democratic leadership style and compensation on employee performance at the Office Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council of the Serdang Bedagai Regency. The study employed a quantitative data method to determine the research focus, select informants as sources, assess data quality, analyse and interpret data, and draw conclusions from the findings. The findings reveal that work status and work environment influence employee performance. Besides that, democratic leadership style and compensation did not demonstrate a significant impact. However, when considered collectively, all four factors were found to influence employee performance. These results provide valuable insights for organisational management to understand and improve employee performance within this context.
Effect of Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance: Evidence from Indonesia Honorary Staff
Authors: Rusmewahni Rusmewahni , Jayanti Suci Etri , Siahaan Rumiris , Sinurat Mangasi , Ilham Rico Nur
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of leadership style and job satisfaction on employee performance within the General Section of the Regional Secretariat of the Serdang Bedagai Regency. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables using questionnaires, interviews, and literature reviews for data collection. The findings reveal that leadership style in a department is categorized as high or good, significantly influencing employee performance. It aligns with the theoretical expectation that appropriate leadership is crucial for enhancing employee performance, particularly when performance declines. Surprisingly, contrary to expectations, job satisfaction was classified as low and did not significantly affect employee performance. The study concludes that leadership style and job satisfaction are well received in the General Section, as evidenced by their highly descriptive classification. These factors collectively and simultaneously influence employees’ performance. This research recommends addressing and fulfilling employees’ needs to improve job satisfaction and potentially impact performance. This study contributes to understanding Human Resource Management practices in a specific organizational context by highlighting the importance of effective leadership and the need for strategies to enhance job satisfaction. These findings provide valuable insights for managers and policymakers in developing targeted interventions to improve employee performance in similar organizational settings.
Psychological Factors and Higher Branded Price to Purchase Decision of MS Glow Skin Care
Authors: Jayanti Suci Etri , Rusmewahni Rusmewahni , Siahaan Rumiris , Sinurat Mangasi , Ilham Rico Nur
Published: November 2024

The beauty industry has evolved, with skincare becoming crucial for women. It protects against environmental factors and prevents issues caused by make-up. The Indonesian skincare market is growing, reflecting the increasing importance of skin health. This study investigates the influence of lifestyle, psychological factors, and pricing on MS Glow skincare product-purchasing decisions among students at the University of North Sumatra's Faculty of Education. Using primary data from 100 respondents, multiple linear regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between the independent variables (lifestyle, psychological factors, and price) and the dependent (purchase decision) variables. This research aims to understand consumer behavior in skincare product acquisition, focusing on MS Glow. Contrary to expectations, price does not significantly influence purchase decisions. However, lifestyle and psychological factors play substantial roles, exhibiting positive and statistically significant relationships with the dependent variable. These findings challenge conventional wisdom about the importance of pricing in student consumer decision-making and highlight the need for lifestyle-oriented and psychologically driven marketing approaches in the skincare industry. This study contributes valuable insights into university students' decision-making processes for personal care products, enhancing the understanding of consumer behaviour in this demographic.
The Effect of Workload and Wage Levels on Job Satisfaction of Honorary Employees with Motivation as a Mediation
Authors: Suwadi Suwadi
Published: November 2024

Honorary staff members represent a significant component of Indonesia's current human resources, serving as an alternative workforce to support the performance of civil servants. Their presence is intended to address certain organizational needs. Job satisfaction is considered a crucial factor as it can impact organizational operations. It refers to employees’ supportive or unsupportive feelings towards their work or working conditions. This study investigated the influence of workload and wage levels on temporary employees' motivation and job satisfaction. The research employed quantitative methods utilizing Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) software version 3. The analysis comprises two sub-models: a measurement model (external model) and a structural model (internal model). A total of 94 respondents were selected using convenience sampling techniques. The findings revealed that workload significantly affects job satisfaction, mediated by motivation. Similarly, wage levels significantly impacted job satisfaction, with motivation as a mediating factor.
Más allá de la desinformación, por una crítica del sistema global de cultura
Authors: Bolaño César
Published: November 2024

La tesis aquí defendida es que el debate sobre la desinformación enmascara en gran medida el aspecto central de la problemática del control de la información por parte de los oligopolios de la comunicación y las plataformas digitales al servicio de los intereses hegemónicos del capital monopolista. Mi objetivo es replantear el problema desde una perspectiva materialista, haciendo hincapié en el fundamento clasista de la información de masas. Parto de la recuperación de dos trabajos recientes que cuestionan la perspectiva idealista actual en relación con los conceptos de desinformación y lawfare –tratados también por Glenn Postolski, junto con otros conceptos no considerados aquí, como los de guerra híbrida y posverdad–, aunque, por comodidad, no los voy a tomar en detalle en los límites de esta nota, evitando citas y referencias.
Assessing Lesotho High Schools Teachers’ Content Knowledge of Teaching Narrative Composition Writing
Authors: S Moea Kananelo
Published: November 2024

Proficiency in English narrative composition is essential for developing learners' creative and critical thinking abilities. Teachers frequently face challenges, including insufficient training in narrative techniques, language barriers, and curriculum limitations that prioritise examinations preparation over creative writing. This study employed semi-structured interviews with 15 teachers from three academic specialisations—English Language and Literature, English and Geography, and English and Sesotho—to explore the extent of teachers' knowledge regarding plot structure, character development, and stylistic techniques. Research findings reveal that only five teachers demonstrate high proficiency in these areas, while the majority show moderate to low understanding, particularly in teaching complex narrative structures and indirect characterisation. The research highlights the necessity for focused professional development and curriculum modifications to improve teachers' instructional skills in narrative writing, potentially leading to better student performance and engagement. These insights give direction for the formulation of teacher training and educational policies in Lesotho and comparable multilingual settings.
Immunomodulation of nanoparticles: Unveiling immunosuppressive and anti- inflammatory properties
Authors: Asghar Tayyaba , Nawaz Yasir , Khan Arslan Muhammad Ali , Hafeez Faisal , Zafar Muhammad Shehroz , Rehman Muhammad Tjammal , Ali Asif , Hussain Dilawar , Azam Muhammad Ammar , Idrees Hasnain , Usama Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Interactions between nanoparticles and eukaryotic cells are nearly inevitable once they gain entry into the cell. Such accidental interactions between immune cells and nanoparticles may trigger a destructive chemical response and increase the risk for autoimmune diseases, tumors, and infections. Nanoparticles can also interface with biologic systems and elicit allergic or inflammatory responses, thereby activating the complement system. Nanoparticles have been known to stimulate the immune system either as haptens or adjuvants. The effects have also been known to be immunosuppressive. This review article summarizes some of the in vivo and in vitro studies carried out to show how nanoparticles stimulate or suppress the immune system in animals. Further research should, therefore, focus on the impact that the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles have on their performance within the biological system to ensure safe usage of the particles. These qualities may interrupt the experimental process and have a greater influence on the interaction between nanoparticles and immune systems.
The effects of Crocin from red saffron flower on the innate and humoral immune systems of domestic short hair cats
Authors: Farahani Melika Heydari , Zandieh Mohammad Arad , Torkan Saam
Published: November 2024

Crocin, the primary active component of the red saffron flower (Crocus sativus), possesses a variety of biological and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on the immune system of domestic short hair (DSH) cats compared to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine. A total of 32 cats were divided into four groups: G1) received crocin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight, G2) received cyclosporine at 7 mg/kg body weight for two weeks, followed by crocin for an additional two weeks, G3) received only cyclosporine for 30 days, and G4) served as the control group. Blood samples were collected every ten days to monitor changes in immune parameters. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, and neutrophil counts among the treatment and control groups. However, there were no significant changes observed in lymphocyte and monocyte counts, or the percentage of phagocytes. In the group receiving crocin, a significant increase in immunoglobulin M was observed between days 0 to 10, and from days 20 to 30, indicating a continued enhancement of the immune response. Immunoglobulin G levels remained stable until day 20, after which a significant increasing trend was observed, alongside notable differences between the groups throughout the study period. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M levels in all groups showed significant changes with the saffron group starting from day 20 onward, indicating a consistent upward trend. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the incorporation of saffron significantly enhances the humoral immune response in cats, specifically through increased levels of immunoglobulin A, G, and M. However, saffron did not demonstrate a notable effect on the innate immune system, as indicated by unchanged lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Based on these results, the use of saffron in veterinary medicine and the food industry is recommended for its potential immunomodulatory effects.
Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in poultry disease detection and diagnosis: A review
Authors: Kalita Arnab Jyoti , Subba Mirash , Adil Sheikh , Wani Manzoor A , Beigh Yasir Afzal , Shafi Majid
Published: November 2024

The poultry population has increased exponentially from 13.9 billion in the early 21st century to 26.56 billion by 2022 worldwide, emphasizing the vital nutritional and economic part of this section. Simultaneously, the poultry sector faces a considerable amount of tests from diseases such as avian influenza, coccidiosis, mycoplasmosis, etc. that cost the industry multibillion-dollar losses each year. The groundbreaking and revolutionary possibilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning in poultry disease detection and diagnosis are discussed in this review. By capitalizing on data from physiological and behavioral traits like movement, vocalization, body temperature, and excreta, AI algorithms can detect indications of illness and pathological conditions, which means strengthening disease management and bringing down economic losses. High-precision image and video processing, non-invasive monitoring, the use of thermal imaging, and accurate tracking of poultry to spot health issues are some of the crucial developments that have also aided in analyzing stress and other abnormalities. Incorporating new-age technologies into feasible, applicable, and economical diagnostic tools that have the potential to transform poultry well-being, enhance the welfare of poultry, and upgrade production as well as handling processes is discussed here. The upcoming prospects include global partnerships, better data analytics, and extended research or studies for the management of diseases and behavioral anomalies in all poultry species. The collaboration of AI, machine learning, and biotechnology holds colossal promise for the poultry sector, guaranteeing food safety and ensuring public health.
Evaluation of Weld Defects in Petroleum Pipelines Using X-Ray for MAG, TIG, and SMAW Techniques
Authors:   The Libyan Higher Technical Center for Training and Production- Tripoli - Libya, Alnaily Hosam Almabruk , Aboalhol Tariq Ramadan ,   The Libyan Higher Technical Center for Training and Production- Tripoli - Libya
Published: November 2024

The integrity of weld joints in petroleum pipelines is critical to ensuring the safe and efficient transport of fluids. This study evaluates the welding quality of pipes using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (MAG), and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) methods. Thirty-six pipe samples were prepared and welded in the 6G position for each technique. X-ray computed tomography was employed to detect and analyze internal weld defects, adhering to ASME standards for acceptability. Defects such as porosity, incomplete penetration, and undercutting were identified, significantly impacting weld quality. Samples exhibiting major defects were rejected, while others met the acceptance criteria. The study underscores the necessity of advanced imaging techniques for accurate defect detection, thereby enhancing weld quality and reliability in pipeline applications. These findings provide valuable insights for improving welding practices, ultimately contributing to reliable and more efficient pipeline systems.
Keywords: weld defect evaluation, petroleum pipelines, X-Ray imaging, SMAW, MAG, TIG techniques