bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Witches and Aliens
Authors: Card Jeb J.
Published: May 2019

Margaret Murray (1863–1963) was a major figure in the creation of professional archaeology, president of the Folklore Society, and advocate for women’s rights. Her popular legacy today is the concept of the “witch-cult,” a hidden ancient religion persecuted as witchcraft. Murray’s witch-cult not only inspired Neopaganism but is foundational for author H. P. Lovecraft’s Cthulhu Mythos. These modern myths cast a long shadow on not only fantastical literature but on paranormal beliefs, preserving outdated elements of Victorian archaeology in popular culture concerned with alternative archaeology and the occult.
Partido Liberal Mexicano
Authors: Guidotti-Hernández Nicole M.
Published: May 2019

Brothers Ricardo and Enrique Flores Magón led the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM), the anarchist movement that fomented the Mexican revolution of 1910 from within the U.S. This article studies Enrique’s relationship with his little-known first wife, Paula Carmona, to uncover his and the movement’s conflicted positions on gender roles; a power struggle for control of the PLM’s news organ, Regeneración; and the movement’s resort to denunciation and revisionist strategies.
Postprandial levels of GLP-1, GIP and glucagon after 2 years of weight loss with a Paleolithic diet: a randomised controlled trial in healthy obese women
Authors: Otten Julia , Ryberg Mats , Mellberg Caroline , Andersson Tomas , Chorell Elin , Lindahl Bernt , Larsson Christel , Holst Jens Juul , Olsson Tommy
Published: May 2019

Objective

To investigate how weight loss by different diets impacts postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon.

Methods

In this single-centre, parallel group 2-year trial, 70 healthy postmenopausal obese women were randomised to the Paleolithic diet or a healthy control diet based on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Both diets were without calorie restriction. The primary outcome was the change in fat mass. Here, secondary analyses on GLP-1, GIP and glucagon measured during an OGTT are described.

Results

In the Paleolithic diet group, mean weight loss compared to baseline was 11% at 6 months and 10% at 24 months. In the control diet group, mean weight loss was 6% after 6 and 24 months (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.049 for the comparison between groups at 6 and 24 months respectively). Compared to baseline, the mean incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for GLP-1 increased by 34 and 45% after 6 and 24 months in the Paleolithic diet group and increased by 59% after 24 months in the control diet group. The mean iAUC for GIP increased only in the Paleolithic diet group. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucagon increased during the first 6 months in both groups. The fasting glucagon increase correlated with the β-hydroxybutyrate increase.

Conclusions

Weight loss caused an increase in postprandial GLP-1 levels and a further rise occurred during weight maintenance. Postprandial GIP levels increased only after the Paleolithic diet. Reduced postprandial glucagon suppression may be caused by a catabolic state.
Examining the Impact of Imputation Errors on Fine-Mapping Using DNA Methylation QTL as a Model Trait
Authors: Chundru V Kartik , Marioni Riccardo E , Prendergast James G D , Vallerga Costanza L , Lin Tian , Beveridge Allan J ,   SGPD Consortium, Gratten Jacob , Hume David A , Deary Ian J , Wray Naomi R , Visscher Peter M , McRae Allan F
Published: May 2019

This study highlights dangers in over-interpreting fine-mapping results. Chundru et al. show that genotype imputation accuracy has a large impact on fine-mapping accuracy. They used DNA methylation at CpG-sites with a variant...

Genetic variants disrupting DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides (CpG-SNP) provide a set of known causal variants to serve as models to test fine-mapping methodology. We use 1716 CpG-SNPs to test three fine-mapping approaches (Bayesian imputation-based association mapping, Bayesian sparse linear mixed model, and the J-test), assessing the impact of imputation errors and the choice of reference panel by using both whole-genome sequence (WGS), and genotype array data on the same individuals (n = 1166). The choice of imputation reference panel had a strong effect on imputation accuracy, with the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 (1000G) reference panel (n = 2504 from 26 populations) giving a mean nonreference discordance rate between imputed and sequenced genotypes of 3.2% compared to 1.6% when using the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) reference panel (n = 32,470 Europeans). These imputation errors had an impact on whether the CpG-SNP was included in the 95% credible set, with a difference of ∼23% and ∼7% between the WGS and the 1000G and HRC imputed datasets, respectively. All of the fine-mapping methods failed to reach the expected 95% coverage of the CpG-SNP. This is attributed to secondary cis genetic effects that are unable to be statistically separated from the CpG-SNP, and through a masking mechanism where the effect of the methylation disrupting allele at the CpG-SNP is hidden by the effect of a nearby SNP that has strong linkage disequilibrium with the CpG-SNP. The reduced accuracy in fine-mapping a known causal variant in a low-level biological trait with imputed genetic data has implications for the study of higher-order complex traits and disease.
Hospital Course of Croup After Emergency Department Management
Authors: Asmundsson Anna Sofi , Arms Joseph , Kaila Rahul , Roback Mark G. , Theiler Carly , Davey Cynthia S. , Louie Jeffrey P.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To describe inpatient management of patients with croup admitted from the emergency department (ED).

METHODS:

In a multicentered, cross-sectional observational study based on retrospective chart review, we identified children 6 months to 5 years of age with a discharge diagnosis of croup. All patients were evaluated in the ED and treated with at least 1 dose of racemic epinephrine (RE) before admission. Children with hypoxia or directly admitted to the PICU were excluded.

RESULTS:

We identified 628 admissions for croup. Significant interventions, defined as additional RE, helium-oxygen use, or PICU transfer, occurred in 142 patients (22.6%). A total of 137 children received additional RE on the inpatient ward, and 5 received RE and were transferred to the PICU. No patient was treated with helium-oxygen. A total 486 (77.4%) of patients did not receive significant interventions postadmission. Length of stay for children not requiring significant intervention was, on average, <24 hours (18.8 hours [SD 9.3]; range 1.2–111 hours). Children with tachypnea (odds ratio = 2.5; P = .002) on arrival to ED and patients who had ED radiographs (odds ratio = 1.7; P = .018) had increased odds of receiving a significant intervention after admission.

CONCLUSIONS:

Less than one-quarter of children admitted to the general wards for croup received significant interventions after admission. Tachypnea in the ED and use of radiograph were associated with an increased use of significant interventions.
Safety and Efficacy of Buccal Dexmedetomidine for MRI Sedation in School-Aged Children
Authors: Boriosi Juan P. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Hollman Gregory A.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Intranasal, intramuscular, and intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine routes have been used successfully for pediatric MRI studies. We designed this retrospective study to determine efficacy and safety of buccal dexmedetomidine for pediatric MRI sedation.

METHODS:

Medical records were reviewed of outpatient children ages 5 to 18 years who received buccal dexmedetomidine with or without oral midazolam for MRI sedation at a freestanding children’s hospital sedation program in 2015 and 2016.

RESULTS:

A total of 220 outpatient encounters received buccal dexmedetomidine for MRI. Mean age of the cohort was 10.1 ± 2.6 years (range: 5–18.7). Buccal dexmedetomidine dose administered was a mean of 2.20 ± 0.38 μg/kg (range: 0.88–3.19). Of the 220 sedation encounters, 179 (81.4%) patients had satisfactory sedation with buccal dexmedetomidine with or without oral midazolam: 84 had buccal dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative, 95 had satisfactory sedation when buccal dexmedetomidine and oral midazolam (mean: 0.33 ± 0.07 mg/kg; range: 0.21–0.53) were given together, 1 (0.4%) had satisfactory sedation when intranasal fentanyl and midazolam were administered in addition to buccal dexmedetomidine, and 35 (15.9%) required IV sedatives to achieve satisfactory sedation. All patients completed their MRI successfully except 5 (2.2%): 2 encounters were sedation failures, 2 IV sedations developed severe upper airway obstruction, and 1 IV sedation experienced MRI contrast anaphylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a selected population of pediatric patients, buccal dexmedetomidine with or without midazolam provides adequate sedation for most MRI studies with few adverse effects, but given a failure rate of almost 20%, modifications to buccal dexmedetomidine dosing should be investigated.
Identification of High-Yield Targets for Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Efforts Within a Nonfreestanding Children’s Hospital
Authors: Klatte J. Michael , Knee Alexander , Szczerba Frank , Horton Evan R. , Kopcza Kathleen , Fisher Donna J.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Identify diagnoses with the highest likelihood of prompting antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) recommendations and lowest probability of recommendation acceptance, investigate the impact of provider years in practice on recommendation receipt and acceptance, and simultaneously assess the influence of patient and provider-level variables associated with recommendations within a nonfreestanding children’s hospital.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study of antibiotic courses reviewed by the ASP staff from December 1, 2014 to November 30, 2016. Poisson regression was used to detect associations between diagnoses, provider years in practice, and the probability of recommendation receipt and acceptance. Multivariable logistic regression was used to simultaneously examine the influence of patient and provider-level characteristics on recommendation probability.

RESULTS:

A total of 938 inpatient encounters and 1170 antibiotic courses were included. Diagnoses were associated with provider receipt (P < .001) and acceptance (P < .001) of recommendations, with ear, nose, and throat and/or sinopulmonary diagnoses most likely to prompt recommendations (56%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 48–64) and recommendations for neonatal and/or infant diagnoses accepted least often (67%; 95% CI, 58–76). No associations were initially found between provider experience and recommendation receipt or acceptance, although multivariable analysis revealed a trend between increasing years in practice and recommendation likelihood (P = .001). Vancomycin usage (64%; 95% CI, 56–72) and ear, nose, and throat and/or sinopulmonary diagnoses (56%; 95% CI, 47–65) had the highest probability of a recommendation. Sensitivity analyses revealed that use of diagnosis-related clinical practice guidelines decreased recommendations and increased acceptance rates, especially for the surgery diagnosis category.

CONCLUSIONS:

High-yield targets for ASP activities at our nonfreestanding children’s hospital were identified. Clinical practice guidelines have the potential to decrease ASP workload, and their development should be particularly encouraged for ASPs with limited resources.
Using NHSN’s Antimicrobial Use Option to Monitor and Improve Antibiotic Stewardship in Neonates
Authors: O’Leary Erin N. , van Santen Katharina L. , Edwards Erika M. , Braun David , Buus-Frank Madge E. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Guzman-Cottrill Judith A. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Lee Grace M. , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Roberts Jessica , Schulman Joseph , Septimus Edward , Soll Roger F. , Srinivasan Arjun , Webb Amy K. , Pollock Daniel A.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:

The Antimicrobial Use (AU) Option of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is a surveillance resource that can provide actionable data for antibiotic stewardship programs. Such data are used to enable measurements of AU across hospitals and before, during, and after stewardship interventions.

METHODS:

We used monthly AU data and annual facility survey data submitted to the NHSN to describe hospitals and neonatal patient care locations reporting to the AU Option in 2017, examine frequencies of most commonly reported agents, and analyze variability in AU rates across hospitals and levels of care. We used results from these analyses in a collaborative project with Vermont Oxford Network to develop neonatal-specific Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) agent categories and neonatal-specific NHSN Annual Hospital Survey questions.

RESULTS:

As of April 1, 2018, 351 US hospitals had submitted data to the AU Option from at least 1 neonatal unit. In 2017, ampicillin and gentamicin were the most frequently reported antimicrobial agents. On average, total rates of AU were highest in level III NICUs, followed by special care nurseries, level II-III NICUs, and well newborn nurseries. Seven antimicrobial categories for neonatal SAARs were created, and 6 annual hospital survey questions were developed.

CONCLUSIONS:

A small but growing percentage of US hospitals have submitted AU data from neonatal patient care locations to NHSN, enabling the use of AU data aggregated by NHSN as benchmarks for neonatal antimicrobial stewardship programs and further development of the SAAR summary measure for neonatal AU.
Navigating Newborn Screening in the NICU: A User’s Guide
Authors: Kronn David
Published: May 2019

Newborn screening (NBS) is the largest public health program in the United States, affecting every newborn. The purpose of newborn screening is to identify newborns at risk for selected disorders during the presymptomatic phase, with the hope that early intervention can prevent disease progression. NBS began in the early 1960s following the pioneering work of Robert Guthrie with phenylketonuria. Since then, NBS has expanded, with testing available for more than 50 disorders in most states. Screening tests need to be highly automated, with high sensitivity and specificity to avoid missing patients with disease, and ensuring manageable false-positive rates. Current initiatives in NBS include timeliness to ensure that results of the screen are available by 5 days after birth for a core set of critical conditions. This has resulted in the current recommendation for NBS specimens to be collected at 24 to 48 hours after birth. False-positive rates are higher in the NICU, because of the metabolic instability of sick neonates and the immaturity of premature enzyme systems. The recommended uniform screen panel (RUSP) contains the current list of disorders screened for by most states. Additional disorders continue to be added to the RUSP as medical progress allows previously untreatable disorders to be managed successfully, and thus the need to screen emerges. The costs associated with NBS continue to climb, because despite state-mandated screening, the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of these conditions has no such mandate. This is a particular concern for disorders with annual treatment costs of several hundred thousand dollars.
Sistema especialista de base de conhecimento para apoio a uma aprendizagem significativa
Authors: Alves Carlos Vinícius Rasch , Duarte Glaucius Décio
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um sistema especialista fundamentado em uma base de conhecimento, desenvolvida e testada a partir do pensamento de Zygmunt Bauman. Este sistema pode ser empregado como recurso facilitador na compreensão de conceitos e suas relações existentes em uma aprendizagem significativa. A metodologia de aplicação consiste na inserção de dados em uma base de conhecimento, a partir dos quais, mapas conceituais são carregados automaticamente, baseados nos conceitos cadastrados no sistema. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa são os docentes pesquisadores do programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Mestrado Profissional em Educação e Tecnologia (MPET) do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), Câmpus Pelotas, que utilizam o referencial de Bauman em seus trabalhos. A teoria educacional utilizada como base para este estudo é a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa (TAS) e os resultados apresentados incluem mapas conceituais gerados diretamente dos conceitos expandidos pela base de conhecimento e também os ganhos no processo de aprendizagem pelos discentes utilizando um sistema especialista.
Planejamento, execução e reflexão a partir de uma abordagem inicial sobre Grafos na EJA: uma experiência de transposição didática com a atividade “Cama de Grafos”
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Sychocki da , Blum Leandro Carlos
Published: May 2019

O artigo pretende explorar e refletir sobre as formas com as quais foi produzida e realizada uma atividade numa disciplina de graduação do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o primeiro semestre de 2017. Após a criação do material, requisito necessário para a disciplina Combinatória II, o mesmo foi utilizado em uma turma de Ensino Médio (EJA) numa escola pública, tornando-se elemento de reflexão sobre a formação inicial docente, no que tange à iniciativa e viabilidade de se propor no Ensino Básico o estudo de conteúdos rotulados do Ensino Superior, por meio da didática francesa da Transposição Didática. A atividade consistiu em unir a brincadeira de infância conhecida como “Cama de Gatos” com conceitos sobre a Teoria de Grafos, o qual produz o trocadilho que consta no título. A análise da atividade, a partir da produção dos estudantes participantes, permite inferir que a formação do professor de matemática deva ocorrer de modo contínuo e reflexivo, desde que o professor tenha a consciência de sua importância, enquanto mediador, no processo de construção de conhecimento pelos estudantes. A título de produto, os materiais produzidos estão disponibilizados para a consulta, análise, reaplicação e possíveis adaptações por parte da comunidade de professores e demais interessados na temática.
Longitudinal benefits of pre-departure pragmatics instruction for study abroad
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Halenko Nicola
Published: May 2019

Whilst the study of second language pragmatic development in study abroad (SA) contexts has gained momentum in recent years, research on L2 Chinese pragmatics, in general, remains in its infancy and is therefore limited. Longitudinal studies on the effects of instruction before, during and after SA remain scant. Following a short pre-SA pragmatics intervention on formulaic expressions with a group of UK undergraduate learners of Chinese, qualitative data in three phases (before, during, and after a year abroad in China) were collected and analysed to shed light on the perceived benefits of the treatment. The findings show that in all three phases, learners highly valued the instruction provided, but they seemed to benefit from the sociopragmatic input the most, particularly in the pre-departure stage and after completion of the SA period. The findings will be discussed in relation to the learners’ accounts of their SA experiences and the implications for pre-SA instruction.
The particle ne in the development of interactional positioning in L2 Japanese
Authors: Kizu Mika , Pizziconi Barbara , Gyogi Eiko
Published: May 2019

The use of the sentence-final particle ne by a group of ten learners of Japanese is investigated longitudinally over a period spanning two years: before, during, immediately after and six-months after return from a year of study in Japan (SA). Quantitative observation reveals two patterns of use, that is, ‘prolific’ and ‘exiguous’ styles. Learners in the prolific group display frequent use from before the start of SA, and a subsequent plateau; the others use ne more rarely until after the SA, when the two groups’ patterns start converging. In line with previous research, we argue that a certain level of lexical and grammatical competence (which we posit to be at least higher intermediate level) is a precondition for the use of ne, but against previous research, we suggest that the amount of naturalistic exposure in an immersion context is not necessarily a decisive factor in its development. Qualitative analysis of the conversational-analytical structuring of interactional meanings shows that regardless of the amount of particle use, both groups are able to deploy ne as a marker of interactional alignment in formulaic and non-formulaic tokens. Interestingly, developments can be observed also in the six months after SA, in which all learners increase proportion and/or range of uses of ne.
Early mobilisation of patients in the acute hospital setting following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage – A survey of current physiotherapy practice
Authors: Hernandez Sabrina , Thomas Peter , Udy Andrew , Hodgson Carol
Published: May 2019

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is a catastrophic form of stroke. There is very limited literature to guide physiotherapists on the type and timing of mobility interventions that should be provided during the acute phase. The aim of this study was to determine the current practices of physiotherapists in early mobilisation of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. A purposedesigned electronic survey was distributed to 71 physiotherapists in hospitals that specialise in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage throughout Australia and New Zealand. A response rate of 80% was obtained (n = 57). Prior to the aneurysm being repaired, the most common practice reported by physiotherapists was not to mobilise patients (41%). Once the aneurysm was repaired, mobility goals increased with > 80% of physiotherapists reporting goals of sitting on the edge of the bed or step transferring to a chair day one post repair. Physiotherapists reported that vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischaemia, recent further bleed, hypotension or the use of high level of noradrenaline would prevent them from mobilising patients. Only four respondents reported that they had a mobilisation protocol for aneurysmal  subarachnoid haemorrhage patients at their hospital. Further research is required into the safety, timing and efficacy of early mobilisation practices in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients.
Biphasic Calcium Sulfate as an Alternative Grafting Material in Various Dental Applications
Authors: Baranes David , Kurtzman Gregori M.
Published: May 2019

Various grafting materials have been used in oral and periodontal surgeries to augment and rebuild bone intraorally. Calcium sulfate, a synthetic material, also known as an alloplast, has been used for decades in orthopedics, plastic surgery, and oncologic and maxillofacial surgeries for the treatment of osseous deficiencies caused by trauma or inflammation. Biphasic calcium sulfate provides benefits as a short-term space maintainer. Use of biphasic calcium sulfate as the sole material are limited to relatively small osseous defects surrounded by at least 3 bony walls (eg, extraction sockets). Thus, for augmenting large and more complex bone deficiencies Bond Apatite, a composite graft formulation, is indicated. This work will review the various clinical applications of Bond Apatite as an alternative to other graft materials.
Illusions of Inclusion: University Policies that Perpetuate Exclusion of Students of Color
Authors: Templeton Emerald , Love Bridget , Davis Beverly H. , Davis, Jr. Melvin
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore the policies, practices and procedures of inclusion across three universities in the San Francisco Bay Area: Stanford University, the University of San Francisco, and the University of California at Berkeley. Using a rubric which measures inclusion based on a three point set of criteria (equity, sustainability, and mission-alignment), the authors analyzed four common statements in which inclusion policies for traditionally marginalized students and students of color are contained: university mission statement, diversity program mission statement, diversity statement, and values/goals statements. The analysis revealed that although the values/goals statements align with the missions of the three institutions analyzed, there is often incongruence between the diversity program mission and diversity statements and the missions of the universities. This tension reflects the practice of institutions of higher education to draft policies that reflect inclusion language for diverse populations without making the necessary structural changes that impact values, attitudes, and practices.
Complexity of Academic Socialization of Historically Underrepresented Doctoral Students: De-Privileging Distinctions Between Macro-and-Micro-Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Azizova Zarrina Talan
Published: May 2019

This article represents a conceptual work that critiques and challenges traditional linear theoretical assumptions of academic socialization and integration that are often applied to research of diverse populations in academia in general and doctoral education specifically. The article further proposes a new conceptual framework of academic socialization as a meaning-making act of historically underrepresented doctoral students. The ultimate goal of the proposed framework is to reconcile the restrictive use of sociological macro- and micro- orientations to foreground possibilities of a conceptual and empirical focus on an individual meaning making act (as a form of individual agency) of historically underrepresented doctoral students within the critical contexts of academia. The proposed framework offers methodological and analytical tools for a more complex qualitative research and institutional/individual practice to account for increasingly diverse populations in higher education.
Letter from the Editors
Authors: Busby Bruce , Salinas, Jr. Cristóbal , Wong (Lau) Kathleen , Biscoe Belinda P.
Published: May 2019

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White Immunity: Working Through Some of the Pedagogical Pitfalls of “Privilege”
Authors: Cabrera Nolan L.
Published: May 2019

This paper engages, critiques, and develops McIntosh’s concept of White privilege. The author argues that this concept mislabels the nature of racism, and unintentionally derails racial dialogues. He then offers White immunity as a concept that helps address some of the conceptual and pedagogical limitations of “privilege.” Finally, he addresses possible misinterpretations of this new terminology to avoid some of the misapplications that have plagued “White privilege.”
How High-Impact Practices Influence Academic Achievement for African American College Students
Authors: Gipson John , Mitchell, Jr. Donald
Published: May 2019

Utilizing data from seven four-year public institutions in the United States, this study employed chi-square test for independence and a Mann-Whitney U test to examine the relationships between participation in high-impact practices (HIPs)and academic outcomes of undergraduate African American college students. Findings suggest the number of HIPs undergraduate African American students were involved in was associated with academic achievement. Furthermore, associations between HIPs and academic achievement differed based on class standing (i.e., first-year/second-year and junior/senior) and gender. The article closes with implications for practice and future research.
The Influence of Whiteness on the Group Socialization of Fraternity Men
Authors: Joyce S. Brian , Cawthon Tony
Published: May 2019

This study was constructed as a qualitative analysis to understand how racial attitudes are socialized within members of traditionally White fraternities through a critical examination of participants’ narratives on race. Narratives from seven participants were presented to identify five subcategories which were divided into two major themes for analysis: (a) Regulatory Behavior and (b) the Role of Racially Segregated Environments in Perpetuating White Supremacy. This study used institutional theory as a theoretical framework to deconstruct the ways in which Whiteness is perpetuated in hegemonic White spaces.
Exploring the Notion of Individual Social Responsibility (ISR) among Black Male College Football Athletes
Authors: Garner Justin R. , Singer John N.
Published: May 2019

Black male athletes are prominent figures in sport and society; and, as such, they are often subjected to the pressure of acting in a socially responsible manner. Given the predominance of Black males in American college athletics, it is important to examine their roles in society both on and off the field of play. Building upon of Agyemang and Singer’s (2013) study on the individual social responsibility (ISR) of Black male professional athletes, the purpose of this study was to explore the concept of ISR among Black male college athletes. In this study, we engaged in semi-structured interviews with Black male football athletes in efforts to garner a baseline understanding of how they perceive their social responsibility as notable members of society. Initial findings suggest notions of being a role model, engaging in ethical behavior, and overcoming marginalization, mainly in regard to issues of race. Implications for future research are discussed.
Letter from the Editors
Authors: Busby Bruce , Salinas, Jr. Cristobal , Biscoe Belinda P. , Irungu Jane
Published: May 2019

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Disengaging Whiteness and Examining Power in Campus Activism: Reuniting Communities of Color Through a Critical Race Analysis of Tempered Radicalism
Authors: Jones Veronica A. , Squire Dian
Published: May 2019

This manuscript provides a nuanced understanding of the heterogeneity of faculty and staff of color activism in the context of a racialized and racist university structure. Through the deployment of Critical Race Theory, and the couching of activism within a foundational white supremacist history of higher education, the authors are then able to repair discord between students who often see faculty and staff of color as complacent within their institutions. These critiques often do not take into consideration how racism constricts faculty and staff of color action and also comes with classist assumptions via an insinuation that all faculty and staff of color can risk loss of job as a result of activism. Moreover, an intersectional lens is not always considered in activism literature. At the same time, the authors argued that faculty and staff of color, particularly those who identify as Black, must be allowed to act in untempered ways as their livelihoods quite literally depend on changing a broader racist system.
Exploring the Relationship Between Campus Climate and Minority Stress in African American College Students
Authors: Clark Isaac , Mitchell, Jr. Donald
Published: May 2019

During recent decades, there has been a growth in research exploring the social experiences of African American students attending institutions of higher education. Research that examines minority stress suggests that students of color experience cognitive stressors specific to their racial identity or status as minorities on campus. Many studies have expanded on this knowledge in terms of academic achievement, retention, and adjustment to campus during the first year. The present study explored the concept of minority stress in relation to campus climate and the mental health of African American college students. The participants in this study consisted of eight college students from a predominantly White Midwestern university who identified as African American. Utilizing one-on-one interviews, the students discussed their experiences on campus, their perceptions of campus climate, the stress they experienced as students of color, and how these aspects may have contributed to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Information shared by the students indicated that campus climate and minority stress are closely associated with one another, especially when considering the racial status of the students. While students described feeling stress, discomfort, and burden due to campus climate and minority stress, the investigators were unable to determine if the symptoms described were, in fact, due to anxiety or depression.
Ni Latino, Ni Negro: The (In)Visibility of Afrolatino Males in Higher Education Research
Authors: Garcia-Louis Claudia
Published: May 2019

For decades, academic researchers have reported on the lack of educational success of men of color in higher education. Many fixate on their lack of academic progress rather than attempting to understand how to adequately serve their needs. In response to the lack of asset based, solution driving research, many academics adopted the issue of young men of color as their educational platform. Yet, in their attempt to accentuate and position young men of color as competent and able individuals, the majority of researchers have overlooked AfroLatino males. In fact, AfroLatina/os as a whole remain largely invisible in higher education research since the majority of researchers adhere to monoracial and homogenous perspectives of race and ethnicity. Thus, this study highlights the lived experiences of six self-identified AfroLatino males in higher education by centering their experiences as racialized men on campus. Findings illustrate how AfroLatino males are forced to navigate a campus climate that does not acknowledge their physical presence (as AfroLatino males) or their academic needs. Further, they reported being forced to negotiate strict racial and ethnic categories in addition to language in order to gain peer acceptance on campus.
(En)Countering a White Racial Frame at a Predominantly White Institution: The Case of The African American Student Network
Authors: Grier-Reed Tabitha , Gagner Noah , Ajayi Alex
Published: May 2019

The White racial frame (WRF) is a set of cultural narratives and symbols based in White supremacy and anti-blackness that shape perceptions, ideologies, and emotions in U.S. society. The WRF also shapes individual experiences. Our research team explored how the WRF shaped experiences of Black college students. Adapting consensual qualitative research methods, we analyzed notes from discussions including 752 students participating in the African American Student Network (AFAM) over a twelve-year period. AFAM students encountered the WRF via inferior treatment and internalized racism including colorism, self-hate, and low expectations by educators and others. Colorism seemed especially relevant for women; encountering stereotypes of criminality seemed more prevalent for men.  Students countered the WRF by finding safe/communal spaces, re-defining Blackness, re-examining Whiteness, and challenging stereotypes and racist epithets. (En)countering the WRF involved significant cognitive and emotional labor, and counterspaces that affirmed students’ racial and cultural identities were essential for engaging in this work.
Modifiye tandem traksiyon yüz arkı apareyinin hava yolu boyutuna etkisi
Authors: KAYGISIZ Emine , KURNAZ Merve , YÜKSEL Sema , TORTOP Tuba
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Sınıf III
maloklüzyon tedavisinde kullanılan modifiye tandem traksiyon yüz arkı (MTTYA)
apareyinin faringeal hava yolu boyutları üzerine olan etkisini incelemekti.

Gereç ve
Yöntem: Çalışmanın materyalini, iskeletsel ve dişsel Sınıf III
maloklüzyona sahip, MTTYA apareyi ile tedavi edilmiş olan 20 bireyin (8 kadın
ve 12 erkek; yaş ortalaması 10 yıl 1 ay) tedavi öncesi (T1) ve sonrası (T2)
lateral sefalometrik radyografileri oluşturdu. MTTYA apareyinin üst plağından
yüz arkına oklüzal düzlemle 35-40° açı yapacak şekilde 400-500 g. kuvvet uygulayan
elastikler asıldı. Ortalama 12 aylık tedavi uygulandı. Faringeal havayolu boyut
ve alan ölçümleri yapıldı. İstatistiksel analizde, Kolmogorov-Smirnov ve
eşleştirilmiş t testleri kullanıldı ve p<0.05 değeri anlamlı olarak kabul
edildi.

Bulgular: Tedavi ile
maksillada ileri yönde harekette (p<0.001) ve efektif maksilla ve mandibula
boyutlarında anlamlı artışlar ortaya çıktı (p<0.001). Mandibular düzlem
eğiminin artışı (p<0.001) ile mandibulada posterior rotasyon saptandı.
Orofaringeal alanda (OA) anlamlı düzeyde (p<0.05) ve nazofaringeal alanda
(NA) anlamlı olmayan düzeyde artışlar gözlendi. Hyoid kemik, anlamlı olmayan
düzeyde öne ve aşağıya yer değiştirdi.

Sonuç: Sınıf III
malokluzyon tedavisinde kullanılan MTTYA apareyi uygulaması ile orofaringeal
havayolu alanında olumlu yönde değişiklik gözlendi.
Psoriazis ve periodontal durum arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Özge , UÇAN YARKAÇ Fatma , OĞRUM Atiye
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Periodontal hastalıklar mikrobiyal dental plaktaki bakterilerin neden olduğu kronik bir enfeksiyondur. Periodontopatojen bakteriler hem neden oldukları enflamasyon hem de bakteriyel ürünlerin immün yanıtta oluşturduğu değişikliklerle psoriazis hastalığının seyrini ve şiddetini etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmada psoriazis teşhisi konulmuş olan bireylerle, sistemik olarak sağlıklı bireyler arasındaki periodontal durumun karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya psoriazis tedavisi devam eden 65 birey (test grubu; 29 kadın, 36 erkek) ve sistemik olarak sağlıklı 100 birey (kontrol grubu; 52 kadın, 48 erkek) dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik ve radyolojik periodontal değerlendirmesi yapıldı. Hastalar periodontal durumlarına göre gingivitis, Stage 1 periodontitis ve Stage 2 periodontitis olarak alt gruplara ayrıldı. Psoriazisli bireylerin dermatolojik değerlendirilmesi Psoriazis Alan ve Şiddet İndeksi (PAŞİ) kullanılarak yapıldı. Elde edilen veriler p<0.05 anlamlılık düzeylerine göre istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.Bulgular: Demografik verilerin değerlendirmesi, gruplar arasında benzer yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum ve eğitim durumu seviyeleri olduğunu gösterdi (p>0.05). Fırçalama sıklığı, oral hijyen seviyesi ve sosyoekonomik durum kontrol grubunda daha yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). Periodontal klinik parametreler değerlendirildiğinde test grubunda sondalama cep derinliği (SCD) ve plak indeksi (Pİ) seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu görüldü(p<0.05). Psoriazisli bireylerde PAŞİ seviyeleri ile periodontal klinik parametreler arası ilişki incelendiğinde ise Pİ, Gİ ve SKİ seviyeleri, PAŞİ değerleri 0-5, 5-10 ve >10 olan bireylerde benzer bulundu (p>0.05). SCD seviyeleri açısından psoriazisli hastaların PASI alt grupları arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlendi(p<0.05).Sonuç: Psoriazis hastalarının, sistemik sağlıklı bireylere göre, ağız hijyeni seviyelerinin ve periodontal durumlarının daha kötü olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmamızın sonuçları dahilinde psoriazis ile periodontal hastalık arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir.
Смертность от дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Москве: анализ связанных данных полиции и государственного статистического учета умерших
Authors: Пьянкова Анастасия Ивановна , Фаттахов Тимур Асфанович , Баканов Кирилл Сергеевич , Юрасова Елена Дмитриевна
Published: May 2019

В 2016 г. в Москве, по данным полиции, в дорожно-транспортных происшествиях (далее ДТП) погиб 561 человек, тогда как согласно данным органов статистики (если опираться на подход Всемирной организации здравоохранения (далее ВОЗ) к агрегации кодов МКБ-10 для определения числа умерших в ДТП, используемый в базе данных «Здоровье для всех») – 790 человек. Для понимания тенденций дорожно-транспортной смертности и для разработки обоснованных и эффективных мер по ее предотвращению необходимы надежные данные, поэтому важно понять причины расхождения чисел погибших в ДТП в Москве по разным официальным источникам информации. Цель исследования – выявить причины, обусловливающие несовпадение чисел погибших по данным полиции и государственной статистики смертности, с помощью связывания записей о погибших в ДТП в Москве в 2016 г. на индивидуальном уровне. В исследовании использованы данные органов статистики о 1 891 016 умерших от всех причин смерти и данные полиции о 20 302 погибших в ДТП в России в 2016 г. Оба массива информации представляли собой индивидуальные неперсонифицированные записи о погибших. В результате их сопоставления было получено 944 записи с упоминанием Москвы хотя бы в одном из двух источников данных, из которых 699 записей можно рассматривать как связанные, 245 как несвязанные. В 6% связанных записей код причины смерти, не относится к той группе кодов, которые ВОЗ использует для определения числа умерших в ДТП в базе данных «Здоровье для всех», а в 35% связанных записей регион регистрации ДТП отличался от региона регистрации смерти. Из 561 записи полиции о погибших 84% было связано с данными государственной статистики смертности, а из 790 умерших по данным органов статистики 80% записей связано с данными полиции.
El Arte de la Guerra ¿un Océano Rojo en el Direccionamiento estratégico empresarial?
Authors: Mendoza Vega Lilia
Published: May 2019

Para el equipo editorial es de mucha complacencia presentar en la presente edición una compilación de 10 artículos  que han sido rigurosamente seleccionados,   de los cuáles el 50% corresponde a resultados de investigación, un 30% a artículos de reflexión y un 20% corresponde a artículos de revisión. Las temáticas giran en torno a la productividad y a la competitividad tanto de carácter nacional como internacional. Sólo el 30% de los artículos son de autoría de docentes investigadores de la Universidad Libre, Seccional Barranquilla, en tanto que el otro 70% está constituido por autores nacionales e internacionales, lo cual permite ofrecer a nuestros lectores una mirada global de las temáticas empresariales.
An assessment of the nutritional status of students in governmental primary schools in U.A.Q.
Authors: Zackaria Shaza Shaaban , Mohammed Hiba Rabie
Published: May 2019

Aim: To provide a summary of the recent data on the nutritional status of school-aged children in developing countries and countries in transition and identify issues of public health concern. An assessment of the nutritional status of students in governmental primary schools in U.A.Q.Methods:  A retrospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2017 on the nutrition status of Grade 1 school children in Government primary schools. The data was collected from questionnaires that were distributed routinely.Results: A total of 317 students from 7 different primary public schools in UAQ, with an age range from 5-7 years.  Students with Chronic diseases, congenital anomalies, and hereditary diseases were excluded. The available data indicate that the nutritional status of the students in the reviewed schools is adequate. Where it has shown that mean body mass index (BMI) was 15.2. Underweight, Overweight obesity was not prominent with a percentage of 12% and 10 % respectively. As for anemia, only 7% were diagnosed biochemically. With the mean hemoglobin of 12.1 mg/dl overall. Conclusions. The available data indicate that malnutrition is not a health issue in primary students in UAQ primary public schools. These findings emphasize the impact of the school health program on primary students.
Intuitive Eating and Weight Restrictive Practices among Dietitians in Kuwait
Authors: Alkazemi Dalal , Saleh Asma , Shaban Lemia , Al-Hilal Maryam
Published: May 2019

Background Dietitians are healthcare team members responsible for counseling patients with weight concerns. Both traditional/restrictive and intuitive eating/nonrestrictive practices are used with clients seeking weight loss. However, little is known about the weight management practices used with clients by dietitians in Kuwait, which are often related to the dietitians’ knowledge, attitudes, and work experience. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding intuitive eating among dietitians dealing with clients for weight management in Kuwait and describe their use of restrictive versus nonrestrictive dietary practices. Method This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A self-administered survey was distributed among dietitians working with clients for weight management in public and private clinics. Results In total, 163 participants completed the survey. Most dietitians (81.6%) had not heard of intuitive eating as an independent approach to weight loss and scored low on knowledge of intuitive eating; however, many demonstrated positive attitudes towards intuitive eating (68%). Moreover, dietitians in Kuwait used both restrictive/traditional (69.31%) and nonrestrictive/intuitive eating (79.82%) weight management approaches to counsel clients. Total knowledge was positively correlated with use of nonrestrictive/intuitive eating (r=.259, p=.003) and traditional/restrictive practices (r=.227, p=.009). Years of experience was not related to either practice style. Conclusions Dietitians are combining both restrictive and nonrestrictive approaches for weight management with clients, and their practices are related to knowledge. These findings underscore the importance of continuous education for dietitians working in all sectors in Kuwait.
Adoption of Iran’s code of ethics for blood donation and transfusion as a public health policy
Authors: Asghari Abolfazl , Pourfathollah Aliakbar , Abbasi Mahmoud , Mohammadi Tooran , Akrami Forouzan
Published: May 2019

Blood is a public resource of human origin and its transfusion process is essential to individual and public health. This study aimed to develop a national code of ethics for blood donation and transfusion (BDT).
This was a qualitative research with a multi methods approach in which a combination of methods including situational analysis, focus group discussion and expert panels were used. After situational analysis and orientation, the code of ethics for BDT was developed based on the findings of a content analysis within the framework of the four principles of biomedical ethics.
The results were categorized into two sections: situational analysis and underpinnings measures, and the clauses of the code. The Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization has carried out three essential supportive measures over the past decades: approval of insurance coverage of blood recipients against communicable diseases; inclusion of 14 blood services in the book of “Relative Value Units of Health Services”; and formation of the National Ethics Committee of Transfusion Medicine. After recognition and orientation, the national code of ethics for BDT was adopted and imparted to blood donation centers. The code consists of two sections: “Blood Transfusion Centers: Donors and Donation” in 19 clauses, and “Hospitals: Patients” in 8 clauses.
The national code of ethics for BDT establishes moral norms in order to protect the rights of blood donors and recipients. It could also serve as a basis for addressing the related ethical challenges and right decision-making in the area of BDT.
A study of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire entitled “physicians' approach to and disclosure of medical errors and the related ethical issues
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Larijani Bagher , Tabatabaei Seyed Mahmoud , Nedjat Saharnaz , Yunesian Masud , Sadat Nayeri6 Fatemeh
Published: May 2019

Medical errors are among the major challenges that threaten patients’ health worldwide. The aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable questionnaire to investigate the status of medical error disclosure by physicians.
A preliminary questionnaire was developed based on the extracted results from 37 interviews with specialists. To test the validity of the questionnaire, 20 medical practitioners and medical ethics authorities were asked to evaluate the relevance and clarity of each item. To measure the instrument’s reliability (the intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha), a test-retest study was conducted on 20 randomly selected physicians twice with a 2-week interval. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 20. 
The overall relevance and clarity of the instrument, with an average approach, were measured at 97.22 and 94.03 percent respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha, which presents the internal consistency was satisfactory (0.70 - 0.79) for various domains of the questionnaire. The range of intra-class correlation coefficients for the items in all domains of the questionnaire was 0.76 to 1.00.
Regarding the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it can be an appropriate instrument in the assessment and monitoring of the status of medical error disclosure by physicians.