bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modest Proposition
Authors: Reneau Clint-Michael , Boutakidis Ioakim
Published: July 2021

In an era when college completion dominates the policy agenda, matters of access and equity are critically important. Throughout higher education there are entrenched practices that reinforce inequities—leading to vastly different outcomes for first-generation, low-income students and for students of color. This chapter explores equity-minded practices educators can utilize in both the curricular and co-curricular while also exploring the concept of aligning behavioral goals and actions.
Role of Community-Based Organizations in the Pandemic
Authors: Choudhary Archana , R. Bala Subramanian
Published: July 2021

Community-based organizations (CBOs) have played a vital role in containing the infections of the COVID-19 pandemic as well. They serve as a facilitator between communities, local health officials, and the entire administration by providing information about the feasibility and viability of proposed mitigation strategies and later help them to operationalize these strategies. This chapter discusses how CBOs should continually access the situation and modify their operations to carry forward their objectives in order to protect their staff and various stakeholders. It reflects on the way these CBOs have tackled these challenges and worked for the benefit of people. It discusses the new models and examples of success that have been shown by these organizations. This chapter is written on the basis of secondary data. It deliberates on the initiatives taken by the CBOs during and post-pandemic. It also discusses the opportunities for growth these organizations have during this global health crisis and the challenges they are facing for their survival during and after the pandemic.
What We Learned From the Paimio Sanatorium as a Spatial Reflection of Contagious Diseases
Authors: Sirel Ayşe
Published: July 2021

While the threat of tuberculosis, one of the old and important epidemic diseases, could not be completely eradicated, at the end of 2019, the world was faced with a new epidemic, COVID-19. Epidemic diseases such as tuberculosis and COVID-19 bring restrictions and limitations to daily life. It also revealed the need to explore what criteria might be in designing healthy architectural spaces and what kind of future planning-design-production issues shall be rethought. In this context, the problem question of the study is discovered: What might be the new possible design principles in shaping new buildings due to life changes during or after the pandemic process? In order to search for the answer to this question, the Paimio Sanatorium complex in Finland, which constitutes the best example of the reflection of epidemic diseases to space, was examined on-site by the author. In this chapter, the author aims to elucidate how the architectural design features of the Sanatorium buildings may be effective in guiding the architecture during and post COVID-19 pandemic.
Quality Systems for a Responsible Management in the University
Authors: Matosas-López Luis , Soto-Varela Roberto , Gómez-García Melchor , Boumadan Moussa
Published: July 2021

Literature on university quality systems and teaching performance measurement addresses only tangentially the neutrality of measurement instruments in relation to the different teaching methodologies. This chapter explores this issue posing the following question: Should we use identical assessment instruments on teachers who apply different teaching methodologies? The authors attempt to answer this question by focusing the debate on the two most widespread methodological approaches in the university: the behaviourist and the constructivist. The study addresses this task from the perspective of measurement instruments with behavioural episodes. The authors present two instruments to assess teaching performance: one aimed at evaluating teachers who use behaviourist approaches and the other aimed at assessing teachers who apply constructivist approaches. The work reveals divergences between the two questionnaires addressing the importance of using different teaching appraisal instruments to measure, responsibly, the performance of teachers who apply different teaching methodologies.
Employee Engagement, “Myth or Reality”?
Authors: Sinha Bhagawan Chandra
Published: July 2021

Employee engagement refers to an employee's highest degree of loyalty, commitment, and participation towards organizational goals, objectives, vision, and mission. It is a technique for instilling an intrinsic desire and passion for excellence in employees by winning their head, heart, and soul. In other words, it can be said it is an art and science of engaging people in authentic and recognized connections to strategy, roles, performance, organization, community, relationship, customers, development, energy, and well-being as we leverage, sustain, and transform our work linkages into results. An engaged employee understands the market context and collaborates with co-workers to enhance job performance for the betterment of the company. Engaged employees want their organization to be successful and excel because they are physically, professionally, emotionally, and even spiritually associated with its goals, objectives, purpose, vision, and mission. Employee engagement has grown into a vital component of business performance today.
Decent Work and the Processes of Informality
Authors: Luque Arturo
Published: July 2021

This chapter explores and analyzes the scope of decent employment in the Wholesale Market of Ambato, Ecuador, which derives from processes of informality. The first part examines the reconfiguration of working conditions over time, including the recommendations that have been implemented and how these changes have affected society based on the importance of work in different areas. In the second part, in addition to an extensive conceptual analysis, the data collection (surveys) carried out in the market itself is reported on. In a third phase, a full analysis of the market is presented in the context of its position as one of the most strategically important axes for the distribution of goods at the local and national level. This analysis examines and highlights the degradation of working conditions that are affected by the process informality and establishes an idealized relationship between working conditions and the need to conserve employment in the face of the exogenous agents that influence its development.
Municipal Solid Waste Management Using an Inclusive Technological Platform
Authors: Miranda Hugo , Almeida Fernando
Published: July 2021

The management of urban solid waste represents a great challenge to humanity. The current scenario of pollution due to waste that is still being incorrectly disposed of has brought us to an alarming situation. To progress and overcome the barriers, the sector needs changes and innovations. Waste management is not only the responsibility of municipalities; it must also involve people. This chapter presents a technological solution that fosters people's involvement in waste management practices. Through the use of this platform, users can register the waste produced and evaluate their performance in recycling management according to several types of residues considering the targets set by the municipalities. This approach may be relevant for the implementation of pay-as-you-throw models in municipalities.
A Content Marketing Framework to Analyze Customer Engagement on Social Media
Authors: Balio Sofia , Casais Beatriz
Published: July 2021

Factors influencing customer engagement on Facebook have been extensively analyzed but there are barely evidences if those factors also effect customer engagement on Instagram. A digital analysis was conducted including a content analysis of the post appeals and of the message interactivity as well as multiple linear regressions to explore the influence of the factors mentioned above on customer engagement. It was possible to conclude which factors can be used to increase customer engagement on social media, namely message interactivity and certain post appeals. Different conclusions are withdrawn when comparing Facebook to Instagram, proving empirically that different social networking sites have distinct influence on customer engagement. This chapter is relevant for content and social media strategies and helps brands increase their customer engagement.
Influence of Web Attributes on Consumer Purchase Intentions
Authors: Katta Rama Mohana Rao , Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: July 2021

The rise in the number of households possessing computers and the ease of internet access has led to widespread acceptance of B2C e-commerce, and has rapidly evolved into a global phenomenon. The competition among e-commerce vendors is getting intensified year by year and all of them are adopting innovative and creative approaches to attract, satisfy and retain customers. Web attributes are considered as one of the key influencers of consumer purchase intentions. With the support of existing literature, an attempt is made in this research paper to identify the list of attributes of online shopping websites that influence consumers' purchase intentions. The findings of the study are based on empirical data collected using online survey method.
The Impacts of Facebook Ads on Brand Image, Brand Awareness, and Brand Equity
Authors: Erkan Ismail , Gokerik Mehmet , Acikgoz Fulya
Published: July 2021

The advent of Facebook brought a new aspect for advertising since it allows ads to reach more targeted users on the internet. However, although the ads on Facebook have been found influential on consumers' purchase intentions, the possible impacts on brands have been relatively neglected. The purpose of this research is therefore to investigate the impacts of Facebook ads on brand image, brand awareness, and brand equity. With this purpose, a conceptual model was developed based on the advertising value model (AVM). The research model was tested by means of structural equation modelling (SEM) with the help of surveys applied for 194 university students. The results support the proposed model and confirm that Facebook ads play an important role on brand image, brand awareness, and brand equity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Mobile Shopping Apps
Authors: Chadha Priyanka , Alavi Shirin , Ahuja Vandana
Published: July 2021

This article describes how the retailing business has changed drastically in the recent times. The emergence of Internet and mobile channels are primarily responsible for this. The present generation comprises of a group of consumers with strong purchasing power and superior online habits in comparison to previous generations. The younger generation is much more experienced with the Internet and mobile devices and is thus more susceptible to engage in shopping through mobile apps. These empowered consumers are keen to have consistent customer experiences and are always challenging retailers to meet their evolving needs and demands. They can easily switch from one retailer to another with a couple of touches on their smart phones. These increased opportunities also increase competition. The mobile commerce helps the online retailers to present themselves fit in the market and uniquely use the cosmic opportunities. This article focuses on a set of ten different mobile shopping apps and identifies the functionalities offered by these apps. The article further proceeds to explore the specific consumer needs satisfied through mobile shopping which influence its adoption and usage.
Using Online Data in Predicting Stock Price Movements
Authors: Dařena František , Petrovský Jonáš , Přichystal Jan , Žižka Jan
Published: July 2021

A lot of research has been focusing on incorporating online data into models of various phenomena. The chapter focuses on one specific problem coming from the domain of capital markets where the information contained in online environments is quite topical. The presented experiments were designed to reveal the association between online texts (from Yahoo! Finance, Facebook, and Twitter) and changes in stock prices of the corresponding companies. As the method for quantifying the association, machine learning-based classification was chosen. The experiments showed that the data preparation procedure had a substantial impact on the results. Thus, different stock price smoothing, the lags between the release of documents and related stock price changes, levels of a minimal stock price change, different weighting schemes for structured document representation, and classifiers were studied. The chapter also shows how to use currently available open source technologies to implement a system for accomplishing the task.
Examining Social Commerce Intentions Through the Uses and Gratifications Theory
Authors: Aydin Gokhan
Published: July 2021

Changes in consumer behavior enabled by social networking technologies is leading to a transformation in e-commerce. Consumers' use of social media sites and relevant technologies for different aspects of shopping has become an issue of utmost concern to retailers and related businesses. Adopting a uses and gratifications theory (UGT) perspective, the article aims to demonstrate motives of users utilizing social media in their purchase decisions. Drawing from digital marketing and e-commerce literature, relevant uses and gratifications for social commerce (s-commerce) were chosen as information access, escape, entertainment, passing time, cool and new trends, and socialization. The proposed model was analyzed and tested via OLS regression and ANOVA analysis using the data collected from a survey study on 361 subjects in Turkey. Information access, relaxing entertainment, and socialization motives emerged as significant antecedents of s-commerce intentions. No significant effect of demographics on social commerce intentions were observed in the analysis.
Secure Storage and Sharing of Visitor Images Generated by Smart Entrance on Public Cloud
Authors: Soman Rajashree , Sukumar R.
Published: July 2021

Visitor validation at entrance generates a large number of image files that need to be transmitted over to cloud for future reference. The image data needs to be protected by active and passive adversaries from performing cryptographic attacks on these data. The image data also needs to be authenticated before giving it for future use. Focusing on reliable and secure image sharing, the proposed method involves building a novel cloud platform, which aims to provide a secure storage in the public cloud. The main objective of this paper is to provide a new way of secure image data storage and transmission on cloud using cryptographic algorithms. To overcome the flaws in current system, a novel method using BigchainDB, which has advantages of blockchain technology and traditional database, is proposed for storing attributes of image.
Holistic Analytics of Digital Artifacts
Authors: Mohan Ashok Kumar , Madathil Sethumadhavan , Lakshmy K. V.
Published: July 2021

Investigation of every crime scene with digital evidence is predominantly required in identifying almost all atomic files behind the scenes that have been intentionally scrubbed out. Apart from the data generated across digital devices and the use of diverse technology that slows down the traditional digital forensic investigation strategies. Dynamically scrutinizing the concealed or sparse metadata matches from the less frequent archives of evidence spread across heterogeneous sources and finding their association with other artifacts across the collection is still a horrendous task for the investigators. The effort of this article via unique pockets (UP), unique groups (UG), and unique association (UA) model is to address the exclusive challenges mixed up in identifying incoherent associations that are buried well within the meager metadata field-value pairs. Both the existing similarity models and proposed unique mapping models are verified by the unique metadata association model.
Multimedia Concealed Data Detection Using Quantitative Steganalysis
Authors: Rupa Ch.  , Shaikh Sumaiya , Chinta Mukesh
Published: July 2021

In current days, there is a constant evolution in modern technology. The most predominant usage of technology by society is the internet. There are many ways and means on the internet through which data is transmitted. Having such rapid and fast growth of communicating media also increases the exposure to security threats, causing unintellectual information ingress. Steganography is the main aspect of communicating in an aspect that hides the extent of communication. Steganalysis is another essential concern in data concealing, which is the art of identifying the existence of steganography. A framework has been designed to identify the concealed data in the multimedia file in the proposed system. This work's main strength is analyzing concealed data images without embedding and extracting the image's payloads. A quantitative steganalysis approach was considered to accomplish the proposed objective. By using this approach, the results were achieved with 98% accuracy.
Hybrid Materiality
Authors: Morales-Beltran Mauricio , Karatepe Esra , Çetin Kaan , Selamoğlu Berk
Published: July 2021

One of the most recognisable aspects of the digitalization of the design process is the increasing use of 3D printers and robots in the construction phases. When combining with analogue techniques, hybrid materiality in construction and architecture opens up significant application opportunities, but also challenges to the design process and production. In this study, the design and hybrid fabrication of a freeform gridshell structure, placed as a temporary installation in a public park, is presented. The structure was materialized in a hybrid combination of 129 wooden battens and 68 PLA 3D printed nodes, spanning 5 meters and reaching 2.5 m height. The examination of the challenges posed by the hybrid fabrication of the structure suggests that pre-conceived perceptions on production and installation stages should be reconsidered, and it highlights the importance of integrating material constraints and time limitations in the earliest phases of the design process.
Requirements Elicitation Techniques in Mobile Applications
Authors: Bahurmuz Naela , Alnajim Rishaa , Al-Mutairi Rasha , Al-Shingiti Zainab , Saleem Farrukh , Fakieh Bahjat
Published: July 2021

The common view of requirements engineering consists of requirement elicitation, specification, validation, and evolution. Requirement elicitation is a significant stage to assure the quality of the requirement documentations and would affect the project success or failure. There are different techniques to elicit the requirements. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. Thus, it is important to adopt more than one kind of technique to describe a system clearly from different viewpoints. This study prospected some of the research papers in the same field to display the requirements elicitation techniques that are used in developing mobile applications from a variety of research disciplines. It suggests some requirements elicitation concepts to guide software engineers in selecting the techniques according to customers' needs and to show the common challenges that they face.
The Effect of Experience-Based Tangible User Interface on Cognitive Load in Design Education
Authors: Islam Zahid
Published: July 2021

Inclusion of tangible user interfaces can facilitate learning through contextual experience, interaction with the provided information, and epistemic actions, resulting in effecting learning in design education. The goal of this study is to investigate how tangible user interface (TUI) affects design learning through the cognitive load. Extended reality-based TUI and traditional desktop-based GUI were utilized to deliver the same information to two groups of students. The NASA TLX tool was used to measure students' perceived cognitive load after receiving information through the two modalities. Contemporary design pedagogy, the potential use of XR, design cognition, today's design learners experience-oriented lifestyle were combined to provide a theoretical framework to understand how information delivery modalities affect design learning. The results reveal that the use of XR-based TUIs decreases cognitive load resulting in enhanced experience and effective learning in design studios.
Bitumen Rheological and Chemical Investigation
Authors: Ma Li Xing
Published: July 2021

This paper is to study the mechanism of aging on the Rheological and Chemical Investigation of the bitumen and make correlations with the actual field behavior of the binder. The effects of ageing on rheological properties of asphalt has been studied by Bending Beam Rheometer(BBR). The objective of conducting these tests is to evaluate the performance of the bitumen in an aged and unaged states in relation to the effects of traffic speed and/or pavement temperature, traffic volume (number of load repetitions), and (thermal/load) cracking behavior.
Damage Behavior in Simulated Service Environment of Thermal Control Oxidation Film of 2A12 Alloy
Authors: Li Jia Feng , Wen Chen , Bai Jing Ying , Wang Xu Guang , Cui Qing Xin , Yao Xue Zheng , Zhang Li Gong
Published: July 2021

In order to obtain the service performance of the black anodic oxidation film of 2A12 aluminum alloy, the influence of humidity and temperature in storage environment and heat on the performance of black oxidation film were studied. And the morphologies were analyzed by using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that after the black anodic oxidation film is produced, "aging" will occur in the natural environment, which can lead to the structure change of the sealing pore and affect the service performance of the film. The film exfoliates off slightly under the humidity of 90%, and the film exfoliates off more seriously when the humidity over 95%. The temperature has a greater influence on the film cracking, especially when the temperature is above 120°C, it is easy to exfoliate off. The exfoliation model was established and the affection mechanism was discussed.
Corrosion Resistance of Industrial Pure Titanium and its Alloys under High Temperature and Different Cooling Methods
Authors: Wang Cang Tian , Meng Qing Long , Chen Fang Hao , Wang Jing Hong , Zhi You Ran , Wang Zhi Rong
Published: July 2021

Industrial pure titanium (TA2) and Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) have been widely available for chemical equipment. However, the corrosion resistance changes during their post-fire performance. In this research, the electrochemical properties of industrial pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V after heat treatment and different cooling methods were analyzed by AC impedance technique and dynamic polarization method. The results support two conclusions. Firstly, when the temperature is approximate to the phase transition point, for pure titanium and its alloys, water-cooling can obtain better corrosion resistance than air-cooling. With regard to pure titanium, its best corrosion resistance can be obtained at 800°C under water-cooling. For Ti-6Al-4V, its best corrosion resistance can be obtained when the temperature reached 910 °C under water cooling condition. Secondly, the corrosion current density under acid corrosion condition has risen compared with neutral corrosion condition. These results can provide some experimental data and theoretical basis for post-fire anticorrosion performance of titanium materials, and also support the safety, risk evaluation of titanium equipment.
Graphite Foil Waste to Graphene: New Carbon Precursors for Synthesis of Graphene and its Oxides
Authors: Nadaraia Lili , Dundua Tamar , Gamkrelidze Nino , Tsitsishvili Vladimer , Barbakadze Natia , Chedia Roin
Published: July 2021

In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was obtained by oxidation of powdered graphite foil wastes (pGFW) at 0 - 40°C. Oxidizing reagents can easily penetrate the layers of graphite foil and thus, the intercalation or functionalization-oxidation processes may occur resulting in graphite oxide formation. The methods of synthesis of GO and its separation from the reaction mixture were partially corrected. GO was reduced, also, to the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by using hydroiodic acid, ascorbic acid, zinc powder, hydrazine, and Alnus extract. Thermal treatment of GO powders and GO films, obtained from pGFW was implemented at 20-300° C in air and at 20-1000° C under argon flow and in a vacuum. At high-temperature treatment (1000°C) of GO graphene was obtained with a defective structure.
Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Based Scaffolds Derived from Kapok Fiber (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn)
Authors: Cayabyab Sharyjel R. , Celorico Josefina R. , Custodio Cyron L. , Basilia Blessie A.
Published: July 2021

Utilization of natural biopolymers has shown potential in generating innovations for tissue engineering applications. This study aims to fabricate scaffolds from cellulose acetate derived from kapok fiber. Cellulose is extracted from raw kapok fibers by alkali treatment and delignification then synthesized into cellulose acetate. Kapok cellulose acetate (KCA) is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to fabricate the scaffold. Materials were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). FTIR analysis has shown that cellulose was extracted from kapok and cellulose acetate was successfully synthesized. XRD analysis also confirmed the presence of cellulose acetate. Results have also shown that synthesized KCA seems to have higher crystallinity than commercially available cellulose acetate (CCA). The degree of substitution (DS) of KCA was found to be 2.85 which is close to the DS value of tri-substituted cellulose acetate. DSC analysis has shown lower glass transition temperature of 52.15°C but higher degradation temperature of 300.43°C than the CCA. Moreover, the values for the enthalpy of fusion for two endotherms of KCA (44.0556 J/g and 18.6946 J/g) are higher than the values for CCA by 344% and 261%, respectively; thus, indicating the higher degree of crystallinity for synthesized KCA samples.
Sample Printing Device for Additive Manufacturing of Electronic Housings
Authors: Sinev Andrey Y. , Panasenko Roman A. , Shamkova Vlada S. , Baryshev Gennady Konstantinovich , Berestov Aleksandr Vasilievich
Published: July 2021

This work presents the results of work on a 3D printing device with a non-standard arrangement of the table and nozzle, which is necessary for the additive production of plastic cases for electronic devices. The non-standard arrangement of the table is caused by the need to use special accessories to hold third-party embedded elements of the case. A metal part - a contactor - is used as an embedded element. Due to the specific mortgage they made, as well as the experimental equipment, the authors came to the conclusion that it is economically more expedient to design and manufacture a prototype 3D printer than to modify the existing device. A sample of the FDM printing device was designed, manufactured and tested.
Modeling and Optimization of Additive Systems Based on Intelligent Technologies
Authors: Lvovich Igor , Lvovich Yakov , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey , Choporov Oleg , Ružický Eugen
Published: July 2021

An algorithm for identifying the structure and parameters of the aggregation model of additive systems is presented. Simulation modeling is used. For each alternative, the numbers of the strength levels of the materials that are included in the analyzed structure are determined. the scheme of identification of the adaptive structure of the analyzed object is presented. Algorithms of intelligent decision-making support when forming the structure of an object are presented.
Accelerated Weathering Testing of Polypropylene Tank Materials
Authors: Suleymanov Alfred M. , Tuisina Ekaterina B. , Shafigullin Lenar N. , Rinberg Roman , Gabdrakhmanov Azat T.
Published: July 2021

Polypropylene expansion tanks have been subjected to accelerated weathering testing according to the developed procedure of accelerated weathering testing. The objective of the study was to determine an arbitrary lifetime of tanks under operating conditions at higher temperatures, humidity, and UV radiation (climate regions of India and Venezuela). As a result of the studies of the polypropylene expansion tanks the following has been established: the failure of the both tank types (A and B) occurred in the area of the weld in the upper and lower part after four arbitrary years of accelerated weathering testing; the stress-strain behaviour in the outer tank walls is influenced by the interior structure of the partitions. The tanks with a larger opening in the partitions feature significant deformations when the inner pressure increases as a result of a higher temperature; the “sensitive indicators” of ageing and failure of the tank material have been found: elongation at break, flexural modulus, and impact strength.
Study of the Effect of Tungsten Carbide Nanopowder Agglomerate Additives on the Strength Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic
Authors: Gavrish V.M. , Chayka Tatyana , Oleynik Artem , Gavrish Olga
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of tests of carbon plastic samples consisting of carbon fabric Grafill TR30S-S (Italy) and epoxy resin binder EPR 320 modified by WC tungsten carbide nanopowders in the form of agglomerates. The positive effect of additives on the tensile strength and on the modulus of elasticity at transverse bending of the concentration of additives 1-3% is shown.
Features of Mechanical Treatment of Zirconia Crystals when Manufacturing Dies
Authors: Alisin Valeriy , Borik Michael A. , Kulebyakin Alexei V. , Lomonova Elena E. , Gutsev Dmitriy M.
Published: July 2021

Materials based on partially stabilized zirconia (ceramics and crystals) are distinguished by high values of mechanical strength, crack resistance, hardness, corrosion resistance, low coefficient of friction when operating in tandem with most metals, which makes them promising materials for a wide tribotechnical application in highly loaded friction units. An example of such a unit is the die mechanism, which is an integral part of the drawing die tool in the cable industry. These hard precision tools (drawing dies or wire dies) actually determine the ultimate success in the wire drawing process.
Experience of High-Density Polyethylene as a Binding Substance in Grinding Wheels
Authors: Korotkov Aleksandr , Korotkov Vitalii A. , Fedorov Vasilii , Vöth Stefan
Published: July 2021

The possibility and efficiency of the use of high-density polyethylene as a binding substance in grinding wheels for cutting-off, as well as for finish cylindrical grinding, is researched. It is determined that: - breaking mechanical strength of such circles ensures their safe operation at maximum operating speeds of 30–35 m/sec; - the use of high-density polyethylene as a binding substance in cutting wheels is not advisable, due to intensive wear and low cutting power of these tools; - wheels for finish cylindrical grinding on the basis of high-density polyethylene and hollow spherocorundum as abrasive grains in a number of key indicators (cutting power, roughness of machined surfaces) are highly competitive with grinding wheels on a bakelite bond or are comparable to them, and significantly exceed the latter in terms of wear resistance.
Synthesis of a Composite Alloy Based on Ore Concentrate and Oxide Compounds
Authors: Kim E.D. , Ri Ernst H. , Ermakov Michail A. , Ri Hosen , Zhivetyev Andrey S.
Published: July 2021

The conditions for the synthesis of Al-Cr-W alloys during the aluminothermic reduction of a mineral tungsten concentrate - scheelite were considered. The alloys were identified as an aluminum matrix by the methods of elemental and X-ray phase analyzes. It is shown that the alloy synthesized from scheelite concentrate contains small amounts of iron and oxygen impurities (1.2 wt. %). It has been established that the alloys have a composite structure: inclusions of continuously solid solutions based on chromium and tungsten, as well as chromium aluminides Al3(Cr, W, Fe)2, which have increased microhardness values (12.9 GPa) are distributed in the aluminum matrix.
Improvement of Method and Mechanism for Conical and Paraboloid Springs Hardening
Authors: Zemlyanushnov Nikita A. , Zemlyanushnova Nadezhda Y.
Published: July 2021

The disadvantage of the known methods of hardening springs is the impossibility of their use when hardening springs of a conical shape or of a shape of a paraboloid of rotation, since they are intended only for cylindrical shape springs and are not suitable for conical shape springs or those of a shape of a paraboloid of rotation specifically because of the difference in the shape of the springs. One of the disadvantages of the known springs hardening mechanisms is the impossibility of hardening the inner surface of the conical compression springs. A new method of hardening springs is proposed, the unmatched advantage of which is the ability to create plastic deformations on the inner and outer surfaces of the spring coils compressed to contact and on the surfaces along the line of contact between the coils. A new advantageous mechanism for hardening springs is proposed, which makes it possible to harden the inner surface of compression springs having a conical shape or a paraboloid shape of rotation, in a compressed state.
Milling of Electron Beam Melting Ti-6Al-4V by HSS Instrument with Combined Surface Treatment
Authors: Fedorov Sergey V. , Oo Tet , Mustafaev Enver S.
Published: July 2021

Despite the advanced development in the field of creating new hard-alloy and ceramic tool materials, the use of modern high-speed steels has not yet lost its relevance, and it is especially true for the production of small batches of costly specialized tools, especially since modern strengthening technologies can make it competitive. For example, additive production systems associated with laser or electron beam manufacturing methods create products, including Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with low surface quality, and it is still necessary to apply the additional cutting treatment. The features of milling titanium alloy obtained by the electron beam melting method were revealed. It is determined that the force parameters differ from those in the processing of metal obtained by traditional technologies. Thus, the component of cutting tangential force FT increases by approximately 15%. At the same time, a 20% drop in the radial force FR observed
Residual Stresses Determination near FSW Joints by Combining the Hole Drilling Method and Reflection Hologram Interferometry
Authors: Chernov Andrey V. , Odintsev Igor N. , Pisarev Vladimir S.
Published: July 2021

The results of residual stress characterization near friction stir welded (FSW) butt joint of aluminum plates are reported. The experimental analysis employs two-side measurements of local deformation response on small hole drilling by reflection hologram interferometry. The approach developed is based on the unequivocally solution of the properly posed inverse problem thus deriving both membrane and bending residual stress components. Residual stress components of high level are derived inside the tool shoulder borders on both specimen faces.
Mortar for 3D Printing Based on Gypsum Binders
Authors: Potapova Ekaterina , Guseva Tatiana , Shchelchkov Kirill , Fischer Hans Bertram
Published: July 2021

3D construction printer - is an innovative construction approach with which building elements can be constructed without the use of formwork and you to get products of various complex shapes with minimal time and material costs. Binder 3D printing technology results in a cheap and high-speed construction method that allows greater freedom in both architectural and structural design of concrete. The principle of operation of a 3D printer is based on the principle of gradual (layer-by-layer) creation of a solid model, which is, as it were, "grown" from a certain binding material. The working mixture must have thixotropic and adhesive properties, it must be workable by the printer and at the same time not spread under the influence of subsequent layers. Therefore, it is important to select the composition of the composition of the working mixture. This paper presents the results of a study on the development of the composition of a working mixture based on a gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder. The developed composition of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder with a complex of modifying additives is characterized by low spreadability, high viscosity and is easy to lay.
Investigation of Influence of Magneto-Hydrodynamic Processes on Structure Formation and Alloying of Steels by Electroslag Remelting
Authors: Kuzmichev Evgenii N. , Igumnov Pavel V. , Khe Vladimir Kancherovich , Skiruta Andrei E.
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the issue of increasing the efficiency of alloying low-carbon steel during electroslag remelting with fluxes obtained on the basis of multicomponent mineral raw materials. The process of transition of an alloying element, from molten slag to metal, was investigated in various operating modes of the slag system, where the system itself experienced various degrees of hydrodynamic impact. A model is proposed and described, showing the uneven distribution of the alloying element in the metal melt. The composition and structure of the obtained alloys are investigated.
Drawing of Square Blanks in a Cylindrical Die with Controlled Movement of the Edges
Authors: Larin Sergey Nikolaevich , Samsonov Nikita A.
Published: July 2021

Plastic forming, in many cases, includes the drawing of hollow cylindrical products as the main operation. For the manufacture of such products, round blanks are used as semi-finished products. However, during the blank production from strips or tapes, their geometry causes a very significant metal loss. A very effective way to reduce metal loss is to replace round billets with square ones. The use of square blanks gives an additional increase in the height of the products. In this regard, the article investigates the drawing of a square blank into a cylindrical die. The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of experimental work and computer modeling. According to the results of the research the rational ratios of the geometric dimensions of the tool and workpieces are found.
Isothermal Crimping of Thick-Walled Shells
Authors: Pasynkov Andrey A. , Nedoshivin Sergey V. , Pasynkova Nadezhda S.
Published: July 2021

Products with varying cross-sectional height are used in various hydraulic pipelines [1-4]. These products are very easy to manufacture. However, when it comes to hydraulic pipelines of fuel systems, it is essential to use materials resistant to aggressive effects, which are rather difficult to handle [5-8]. In this case, one of the possible options for obtaining such products is hot forming, namely crimping. In view of this, the article considers the crimping of shells made of titanium 6Al-4V alloy. Various combinations of technological parameters and their influence on the flow of metal and the geometry of products are considered. Rational deformation-rate conditions of deformation are found.
Determining the Optimal Mode of the Inconel 718 Alloy Deposition at a Direct Laser Deposition Plant
Authors: Oleinik Maxim , Khaimovich Alexander I. , Balyakin Andrey V.
Published: July 2021

The paper describes determining the optimal direct laser deposition mode when processing the results of a two-factor experiment by the steep ascent method. The dependence of the ultimate tensile strength on the volumetric energy density and the lateral pitch was chosen as the target function.
Mathematical Modeling of Process Optimization in Profiling Grinding Wheels via Laser
Authors: Sefedin Ismail Bey , Yagyaev Elmar
Published: July 2021

In this work, the experimental research was carried out on the processing of the cutting surface of a grinding wheel with a ceramic bond via continuous laser radiation with a wavelength of 10.6 μm. The influence of laser radiation power, processing speed on the depth and width of the obtained cut was investigated. A full factorial experiment was carried out with varying factors at two levels. In the form of a regression equation, a mathematical model of the effect of radiation power and processing speed on the output parameters of the process is obtained. Using Fisher's criterion, it is shown that the resulting equation adequately describes the process under the study. The analysis of the regression equation makes it possible to assess the relative influence of each factor and the effects of the interaction of factors on the depth and width of the cut on the surfaces of the grinding wheel.
Measurement Assurance of Additive Manufacturing on the Example of Laser Surface Polishing Products by Remelting
Authors: Kransutskaya Anastasia A. , Funtikov Vladislav A. , Syritskii Anthony B. , Komshin Alexander S.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of studies of the surfaces of parts processed by the contactless method of laser polishing. The results of technological surface treatment using a laser technological complex based on an ytterbium fibre laser with a power of 5 kW are presented. The results of studies of the surface roughness of the samples after laser treatment, including the non-uniform character due to the redistribution of the liquid metal melt over the surface, are shown. Requirements for metrological support of additive technology have been developed using the example of the process of laser remelting in order to improve quality and further automation.
Structural Features and Distribution of Silicon in Ferrosilicon-Magnesium Modifiers
Authors: Boldyrev Denis , Platov Sergey I. , Kharchenko Maksim V. , Urtsev Nikolay V.
Published: July 2021

It is noted that the technology for the manufacture of ferrosilicon-magnesium modifiers (crystallization into an ingot in a mold or into a chip on a water-cooled drum) forms their quantitative and qualitative structural differences: the size and distribution of phases, the scatter of the content of elements, etc. The fundamental differences are shown and the features of the distribution of silicon as a base element in ingot and chip modifiers are described. It was found that in ingot modifiers the vast majority of silicon-containing phases are ξ(FeSi) and ζ' (FeSi2), and with a significantly lower content of pure silicon particles and phases, these are α1(Fe3Si) and α2(Fe2Si). The picture of the phase structure of the modifier chip has been determined. In it, the 1st mode corresponds to the presence of a set of phases α1(Fe3Si) and α2(Fe2Si), and the 2nd mode, as well as in the ingot modifiers ξ (FeSi) and ζ'(FeSi2), but is shifted to the lower boundary of the region their existence. Particles of pure silicon are completely absent in the chip modifier.
The Study of the Effect of Thermal Deformation Treatment Modes on the Microstructure and Properties of the Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloy VZH159
Authors: Gavrilov G.N. , Galkin Vladimir V. , Ryabtsev Anatoly D. , Generalov Artem A. , Bazhenov Evgeny O.
Published: July 2021

The development and introduction of new nickel-based heat-resistant alloys with a special combination of an increased complex of physicomechanical properties is a priority task for modern materials science.
Analytical Modeling of Cutting Forces and Technological Parameters Interrelation when Grinding Shafts' Ends by a Grinding Wheel End on Circular Grinding Machines
Authors: Yudin Sergey , Pereverzev Pavel , Reshetnikov Boris
Published: July 2021

Abrasive processing remains one of most demanded for hardened steels parts. Grinding of end surfaces of machines parts has become widespread due to the fact that it allows processing heat-treated surfaces more efficiently than turning and also correcting the surface geometry. This processing type is used almost mainly for finish processing operations of shafts ends, bearing rings, gears, etc. However, there is still no mathematical model for this processing type, which would satisfy most of the main technological parameters. In this article a mathematical model of the cutting force when grinding the shaft end by the grinding wheel end on circular grinding machines is obtained. Processing schemes for this grinding type are given and the calculated graph of the cutting force according to the obtained mathematical model is shown.
The Correlation of Movements in the Technological System during Grinding Precise Holes
Authors: Bratan Sergey , Roshchupkin Stanislav , Chasovitina Anastasia
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the quality parameters of the precise hole, depending on the size, spatial location and condition of the contacting surfaces, the parameters of the state of the contact zone, during finishing grinding. The correlation between the processing modes and the current parameters of the contact zone during internal grinding is established. Dependencies describe the flow cross-feed for the i-th turn increment of the depth of micro-cutting, compensation of radial material removal previous turn, deterioration of the wheel, the increment of the elastic and thermal strains. At the same time, the depth of micro-cutting and the increment of elastic and temperature deformations affect the values of the radial wear of the tool and the radial removal of the material. The equation of displacement balance is developed for discrete processes of hole processing with abrasive tools, during which the analyzed surface area comes into contact with the abrasive tool periodically.
Diagrams of Isothermal Decomposition of Overcooled Austenite in Maraging Steel at Uniaxial Tensile Loading
Authors: Makhneva Tat’ana M. , Sukhikh Arkadiy A. , Dementyev Vyacheslav B. , Makarov Sergey S.
Published: July 2021

It has been established that external uniaxial tensile stresses influence the character and kinetics of the g®a-transformation in cold-rolled martensite steel at sub-zero temperatures (down to -60 °C).
The Peculiarities of Mass Transfer in the Surface Layer of Materials under Extreme Heating
Authors: Brover Andrey V. , Brover Galina I. , Moysova Olga B. , Yankovskaya Valeriya E.
Published: July 2021

Possible causes of mass transfer acceleration of carbon atoms and alloying elements in the surface layers of steels and alloys under extreme heating, under pulsing laser irradiation in particular, are considered. The research shows that the anomaly accelerated mass transfer, including diffusion in particular, in steels and alloys under fast laser heating has a cooperative character and is a result of a simultaneous action of several processes of different physics. It is proved that the carbon atoms mass transfer parameters and alloying elements depend on the scale and the level of emerging tension, relaxation of which goes along with a local plastic deformation, and occurrence of increased number of linear defects in crystal structure.