bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rosig und Pulslos – eine suprakondyläre Fraktur des
distalen Humerus mit indirekter Einschnürung der Brachialarterie bei
einem 4-jährigen Jungen
Authors: Krickl Julian , Thannheimer Andreas , Noeldeke Stefan , Gesslein Markus , Lange Thomas , Millrose Michael
Published: January 2023

Fallbericht

Bei einem 4-Jährigen mit starker Schwellung bei einer dislozierten
suprakondylären Humerusfraktur vom Typ Laer IV (Abb. 1) fand sich bei der klinischen
Untersuchung eine rosige, jedoch pulslose Hand. Die periphere Sensibilität
war intakt, und die Kennmuskelfunktionen der oberen Extremität zeigten,
soweit klinisch prüfbar, einen vollen Kraftgrad (Janda 5/5). Die
Rekapillarisationszeit war hochnormal mit ca. zwei Sekunden. Allerdings war ein Puls
der A. radialis bzw. A. ulnaris weder tast- noch dopplerbar.
Curriculum for bariatric endoscopy and endoscopic treatment of the complications of bariatric surgery: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: Boškoski Ivo , Pontecorvi Valerio , Ibrahim Mostafa , Huberty Vincent , Maselli Roberta , Gölder Stefan K. , Kral Jan , Samanta Jayanta , Patai Árpád V. , Haidry Rehan , Hollenbach Marcus , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Silva Marco , Messmann Helmut , Tham Tony C. , Bisschops Raf
Published: January 2023

Main recommendations

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, degenerative, multifactorial disease that is associated with many co-morbidities. The global increasing burden of obesity has led to calls for an urgent need for additional treatment options. Given the rapid expansion of bariatric endoscopy and bariatric surgery across Europe, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has recognized the need to formalize and enhance training in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of bariatric surgical adverse events. This manuscript represents the outcome of a formal Delphi process resulting in an official Position Statement of the ESGE and provides a framework to develop and maintain skills in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of bariatric surgical adverse events. This curriculum is set out in terms of the prerequisites prior to training, minimum number of procedures, the steps for training and quality of training, and how competence should be defined and evidenced before independent practice.

1 ESGE recommends that every endoscopist should have achieved competence in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before commencing training in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of bariatric surgical adverse events.

2 Trainees in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of the complications of bariatric surgery should have basic knowledge of the definition, classification, and social impact of obesity, its pathophysiology, and its related co-morbidities. The recognition and management of gastrointestinal diseases that are more common in patients with obesity, along with participation in multidisciplinary teams where obese patients are evaluated, are mandatory.

3 ESGE recommends that competency in bariatric endoscopy and the endoscopic treatment of the complications of bariatric surgery can be learned by attending validated training courses on simulators initially, structured training courses, and then hands-on training in tertiary referral centers.
Template for Diced Cartilage with Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in Rhinoplasty: An Easy Solution for Millimetric Camouflage of the Full Dorsal Esthetic Unit
Authors: Beaudoin Pier-Luc , Carles Guillaume
Published: January 2023

Dorsal irregularities are one of the most common issues in modern rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty surgeons propose placing interface grafts lining the hole dorsum to ensure a natural unoperated look. Diced cartilage embedded in Choukroun's platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) scaffold being one of the most recent innovations in the field. However, no method has been described to help with the creation of thin, malleable, and reproductive graft with millimetric precision using that technique. The senior author details his protocol and his experience with a newly developed template for the creation of reproductive grafts with standard size and thickness, using diced cartilage, injectable PRF (iPRF), and advanced PRF (aPRF), for full dorsal camouflage and lining in rhinoplasty. This retrospective case series was conducted to evaluate the results looking at the dorsal esthetic unit at a minimum of 6 months for patients who beneficiated from a millimetric dorsal augmentation from 1 to 2mm using diced cartilage with iPRF and aPRF. The author reports his experience with 54 cases operated from April 2018 to May 2022 using his newly developed template.The template is an innovative technique to allow faster and more reliable fabrication of soft grafts using diced cartilage with both iPRF and aPRF. This novel approach allows for millimetric dorsal augmentation from 1 to 2mm with great precision and high reproductivity with good esthetic outcome.
Regioselective Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Borylation Reaction for the Dimerization Product of 6-Bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate: Mechanistic Pathway, Cytotoxic and Tubercular Studies
Authors: Sanghavi Kartik N. , Kapadiya Khushal M. , Sriram Dharmarajan , Kumari Jyothi
Published: January 2023

In the pharmaceutical industry, boronic acid and esters play an important role in API-based synthesis. The most efficient way of preparing various active agents is palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura borylation reactions. Herein, we report the formation of dimerization product [6,6′-biimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine]-2,2′-dicarboxamide derivatives 7a–j from 6-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate by employing the same conditions. A regioselective borylation of ethyl 6-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (3) was examined for the formation of ethyl 6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (4a) but it was found to be directed towards the dimerization product 5. The nitrogen-rich system was incorporated into potential anti-cancer and anti-TB agents through acid amine coupling reactions between acid 6 and various amines (dialkyl/cyclic sec./tert.) to form the final adducts 7. Five derived scaffolds were identified as moderately active in TB activity against the H37Rv strain, while two compounds were found to be particularly potent in NCI-60 anti-cancer screening in nine cancer panels.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Authors: Cheng Yao-Wen , Fischer Monika
Published: January 2023

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process of transplanting stool from a healthy donor into the gut of a patient for therapeutic purposes. Current guidelines recommend FMT for the prevention of multiply recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) after two recurrences, with cure rates approaching 90%. Emerging evidence also supports the use of FMT in the management of severe and fulminant CDI, resulting in decreased mortality and colectomy rates compared with standard of care approach. FMT shows promise as salvage therapy for critically-ill, refractory CDI patients who are poor surgical candidates. FMT should be considered early in the clinical course of severe CDI, preferably within 48 hours of failing to respond to antibiotic therapy and volume resuscitation. Besides CDI, ulcerative colitis was more recently identified as a potential treatment target for FMT. Several live biotherapeutics for microbiome restoration are on the horizon.
Force Transfer through the Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) Joint
Authors: Parody Nicholas , Huang Shengnan , Petchprapa Catherine , Wollstein Ronit
Published: January 2023

Background The scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) joint transfers forces to the proximal carpal row from the thumb and fingers. Clinically, STT joint osteoarthritis is frequently observed on plain radiographs though its role in the mechanics of the wrist joint remains unclear.

Questions/Purposes Our purpose was to use a model of normal wrist types, to predict STT motion upon load.

Patients and Methods Five normal computed tomography scans of a wrist type 1 and five wrist type 2 were used to model the wrist. A 200-N force was split and applied to the trapezoid and capitate to replicate forces during a knuckle pushup. The bony movement was predicted by the model as bony movement using finite element analysis.

Results We found differences in force transfer through the STT joint between the two wrist types when loading the index and middle fingers. Type 1 wrists moved quantitatively more anterior-posterior, type 2 wrists moved more medially-laterally and more proximally-distally. The trapezium in type 1 wrists moved more in the coronal plane than in type 2 wrists. The trapezoid moved more from distal to proximal in a type 2 wrist, p = 0.03.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance This study found differences in motion upon loading through the STT joint between type 1 and 2 wrists. Type 2 wrists moved more radially toward the proximal scaphoid and scapholunate ligament. This study may provide a mechanical basis for degenerative configurations. By linking observed patterns of degeneration to their mechanical causes we can aid in prevention of arthritis.
Revealing the Relational Mechanisms of Research for Development Through Social Network Analysis
Authors: Apgar Marina , Fournie Guillaume , Haesler Barbara , Higdon Grace Lyn , Kenny Leah , Oppel Annalena , Pauls Evelyn , Smith Matthew , Snijder Mieke , Vink Daan , Hossain Mazeda
Published: January 2023

Achieving impact through research for development programmes (R4D) requires engagement with diverse stakeholders across the research, development and policy divides. Understanding how such programmes support the emergence of outcomes, therefore, requires a focus on the relational aspects of engagement and collaboration. Increasingly, evaluation of large research collaborations is employing social network analysis (SNA), making use of its relational view of causation. In this paper, we use three applications of SNA within similar large R4D programmes, through our work within evaluation of three Interidsiplinary Hubs of the Global Challenges Research Fund, to explore its potential as an evaluation method. Our comparative analysis shows that SNA can uncover the structural dimensions of interactions within R4D programmes and enable learning about how networks evolve through time. We reflect on common challenges across the cases including navigating different forms of bias that result from incomplete network data, multiple interpretations across scales, and the challenges of making causal inference and related ethical dilemmas. We conclude with lessons on the methodological and operational dimensions of using SNA within monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) systems that aim to support both learning and accountability.
With pulling ties, electoral participation flies: factors mobilising turnout among non-resident Finnish voters
Authors: Peltoniemi Johanna , Nemčok Miroslav , Wass Hanna
Published: January 2023

Increasingly many citizens residing abroad maintain connections to their country of origin and follow its national elections. Considering that this group constitutes a growing share of the national electorate, it is essential to better understand factors that motivate electoral participation. In this study, we explore the role of economic, social and cultural ties in a unified analysis of turnout among Finnish citizens residing abroad. We rely on individual-level register data that cover the entire Finnish expatriate electorate (n = 96,290) and match their personal background characteristics (e.g. property ownership, length of stay abroad, language) with official turnout from the 2019 Finnish parliamentary elections on the bases of personal identification codes. In line with the theoretical expectations, the results provide strong empirical evidence that non-resident citizens who maintain connections to the country of origin are more likely to vote in homeland elections.
Mo-Re alloy: A new benchmark two-band superconductor
Authors: Tarenkov V. , Shapovalov A. , Zhitlukhina E. , Belogolovskii M. , Seidel P.
Published: January 2023

Multigap superconductivity, emerging in metals with several bands crossing the Fermi level, favors exotic superconducting orders that have no equivalent in a single-band counterpart. In this context, it is important to search for new materials with well-established two (or more) gaps having distinctly different sizes. In this work, we confirm previous statements and present new evidence to support the claim that Mo-Re alloy with a comparable concentration of the components is a two-band/two-gap superconductor. The differential conductance spectra obtained in point-contact experiments demonstrate the presence of a bosonic, undamped collective mode and its harmonics associated with the superconducting state. Following previous works on MgB2, we have identified these features as manifestations of the so-called Leggett mode arising due to relative phase fluctuations between two superconducting order parameters.
From the Nash–Kuiper theorem of isometric embeddings to the Euler equations for steady fluid motions: Analogues, examples, and extensions
Authors: Li Siran , Slemrod Marshall
Published: January 2023

Direct linkages between regular or irregular isometric embeddings of surfaces and steady compressible or incompressible fluid dynamics are investigated in this paper. For a surface (M, g) isometrically embedded in R3, we construct a mapping that sends the second fundamental form of the embedding to the density, velocity, and pressure of steady fluid flows on (M, g). From a Partial Differential Equations perspective, this mapping sends solutions to the Gauss–Codazzi equations to the steady Euler equations. Several families of special solutions of physical or geometrical significance are studied in detail, including the Chaplygin gas on standard and flat tori as well as the irregular isometric embeddings of the flat torus. We also discuss tentative extensions to multiple dimensions.
Atomistic simulation of soft porous coordination polymers
Authors: Carpenter James E. , Colón Yamil J.
Published: January 2023

Soft porous coordination polymers (SPCPs) are materials with exceptional potential because of their ability to incorporate the properties of nominally rigid porous materials like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and those of soft matter, such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs). This combination could offer the gas adsorption properties of MOFs together with the mechanical stability and processability of PIMs, opening up a space of flexible, highly responsive adsorbing materials. In order to understand their structure and behavior, we present a process for the construction of amorphous SPCPs from secondary building blocks. We then use classical molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the resulting structures based on branch functionalities (f), pore size distributions (PSDs), and radial distribution functions and compare them to experimentally synthesized analogs. In the course of this comparison, we demonstrate that the pore structure of SPCPs is due to both pores intrinsic to the secondary building blocks, and intercolloid spacing between colloid particles. We also illustrate the differences in nanoscale structure based on linker length and flexibility, particularly in the PSDs, finding that stiff linkers tend to produce SPCPs with larger maximum pore sizes.
Shapiro steps in charge-density-wave states driven by ultrasound
Authors: Mori Michiyasu , Maekawa Sadamichi
Published: January 2023

We show that ultrasound can induce Shapiro steps (SSs) in a charge-density-wave (CDW) state. When ultrasound with frequency ω and a dc voltage are applied, the SSs occur at the current I ∝nω with an integer n. Even and odd multiples of SSs are represented by two couplings between the CDW and ultrasound. Although an ac voltage bias with frequency ω induces the SSs at I∝nω, the ultrasound bias enhances the odd multiples more strongly than the even ones. This is the difference between the ultrasound and the ac voltage. Since the SSs cause abrupt peaks in the dV/dI, the extreme changes in the I–V curve will be applied to a very sensitive ultrasound detector.
Reconfigurable optical diode based on asymmetrically coupled slow-light waveguide
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wu Jun-Fang , Li Chao
Published: January 2023

Controlling the flow of light is fundamental for on-chip optical signal processing. In this paper, we investigate how to realize high contrast, high unidirectional transmission rate, and reconfigurable nonreciprocal light transmission, based on a nonlinear nanocavity asymmetrically side-coupled with a specially designed slow-light waveguide. We analytically and numerically demonstrate that the unusual multiple threshold pump power points for trigging the photon transitions between bistable states, as well as the sensitivity of the dynamic interactions to the relative delay time between the signal light and pump pulse, play crucial roles in this optical diode system. Based on these findings, a high contrast (over 22 dB) and high unidirectional transmission rate (over 70%) optical diode is achieved. More importantly, the conducting direction of the optical diode can be controllably reversed, without the need of changing the signal's wavelength or power as usually done. This approach is promising in the fields of optical information processing and quantum computing.
An electrometric method for the interface stress and contact resistance of pancake coil under winding force
Authors: Ta Wurui , Tang Xiaoyu , Zhou Youhe
Published: January 2023

Interface stress and contact resistance play key roles in the safety and stability assessment of non-insulated superconducting pancake coils. An electrometric method for the interfacial stresses and contact resistance of multi-turn coils of different materials has been established, which is further applied to the measurement and analysis of contact stresses and resistances of the composite superconducting coils under the extremely low temperature environment. The mechanical and electrical behaviors are coupled through an extended electro-mechanical contact model, which also reveals the electro-mechanical interaction mechanism of the coil. The extended contact model was verified by comparison with experimental results, and the proposed electrometric method was verified by comparing the interface stresses calculated by two approaches. The contact stresses and resistances of superconducting coils with different turns are successfully obtained through the proposed electrometric method, which provides bases for the evaluation of the transport and mechanical performance of superconducting coils.
Conical breakup of droplets in dielectric liquid medium
Authors: Wang Daorui , Wang Junfeng , Wang Dongbao , Zuo Lei , Gao Jian , Xu Haojie
Published: January 2023

The conical breakup behavior of droplets in immiscible dielectric liquids under non-uniform alternating current (AC) electric fields is experimentally investigated using high-speed photography. The optical-microscopic morphological characteristics of the dynamic behavioral process of charged droplets under different electric field conditions are precisely captured. Two distinct conical breakup configurations, called the trident vibration and lotus vibration modes, are proposed, and their detailed structural parameters are discussed. The extremely small stable conical meniscus (semi-angles range of 11°–18.6°) is found in the liquid–liquid system. The distribution of cone angles under various spatial conditions is determined. In addition, the multilevel asymptotic characteristics of conical fragmentation are found due to the variances in spatial and temporal scales. The diameters of the droplets produced under the cone-jet mode could be as small as a few micrometers. The differences between the droplet breakup mode of AC and DC electric fields are also discussed. Overall, several interesting features are reported for the axisymmetric multi-cone broken morphology when droplets undergo breakup.
A pressure approach of cumulant phase-field lattice Boltzmann method for simulating multiphase flows
Authors: Kian Far Ehsan , Gorakifard Mohsen , Fattahi Ehsan
Published: January 2023

The cumulant lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been recently used to simulate multiphase-multicomponent flows by applying an external force. Furthermore, the mass and momentum are not conserved when an external force is used. In the classical approach, the third-order derivatives in density necessitate information from a large stencil of neighbors, which affects parallelization and is computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose an equilibrium distribution function in the moment space, which includes diagonal and off diagonal elements of the pressure tensor. Consequently, the interfacial tension effect can be exerted into this equilibrium function, circumventing the need for an external force. The Cahn–Hilliard equation can be coupled to the method to track the interface at multiphase-multicomponent flows. This function is applied on the moment, central, and cumulant LBM and transferred back to the discrete space to be used in Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook LBM. These key advantages include simplicity, easy-to-implement, and high parallelization capability due to removing high-order derivatives. An immiscible two-component flow between two parallel plates is simulated and compared with the analytical solution at different viscosities for the moment LBM and the cumulant LBM. Numerical results are in good agreement with analytical solutions. Moreover, a dispersed droplet in a continuous phase under shear flow is simulated to show the capability of the proposed method in the breaking-up process modeling. It is demonstrated that spurious velocities are less affected by decreasing the viscosity and cumulant LBM with the proposed function, while the interfacial tension is calculated accurately. Finally, the method has been extended for three dimensions, and two cases of a three-dimensional breakup of a liquid thread and collision of two equal droplets are studied to show the ability of this method to simulate the coalescence and breakup process.
The multi-lobed rotation of droplets induced by interfacial reactions
Authors: Wang Zhan-Long , Lin Kui
Published: January 2023

In this Letter, we report a novel phenomenon—that the multi-lobed rotation of a droplet can occur when controlling only its volume and without the use of external devices, which is quite different from previous studies. This phenomenon is based on the interfacial reaction causing the droplet rotation effect. In such a system, the angular velocity and lobe number show an inversely linear relationship with the droplet radius. By controlling the volume of a droplet, we can manipulate it to form four-, three-, and two-lobed shapes. Simple models are also proposed to explain this phenomenon. The results indicate that this phenomenon is consistent with the theory of Scriven and Brown.
Mutual independence of water and n-nonane nucleation at low temperatures
Authors: Feusi Stefan , Krohn Jan , Li Chenxi , Signorell Ruth
Published: January 2023

The interaction of water with different substances in the earth’s atmosphere lies at the heart of many processes that influence our climate. However, it is still unclear how different species interact with water on the molecular level and in which ways this interaction contributes to the water vapor phase transition. Here, we report the first measurements of water–nonane binary nucleation in the 50–110 K temperature range, along with unary nucleation data of both. The time-dependent cluster size distribution in a uniform post-nozzle flow was measured by time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with single-photon ionization. From these data, we extract experimental rates and rate constants for both nucleation and cluster growth. The observed mass spectra of water/nonane clusters are not or only slightly affected by the introduction of the other vapor, and the formation of mixed clusters was not observed during nucleation of the mixed vapor. Additionally, the nucleation rate of either substance is not much affected by the presence (or absence) of the other species, i.e., the nucleation of water and nonane proceeds independently, indicating that hetero-molecular clusters do not play a role during nucleation. Only at the lowest temperature of our experiment (i.e., 51 K) do the measurements suggest that interspecies interaction slows water cluster growth. The findings here are in contrast to our earlier work in which we showed that vapor components in other mixtures, e.g., CO2 and toluene/H2O, can interact to promote nucleation and cluster growth in a similar temperature range.
Direct observation of hydration of a Nafion membrane using APXPS and AIMD simulation
Authors: Liu Chiyan , Liu Jian , Han Yong , Wang Zhangrui , Zhang Hui , Xie Xiaoming , Yang Bo , Liu Zhi
Published: January 2023

The hydration of perfluorinated sulfonic-acid ionomers is the most important phenomenon that determines their transport and electrical properties. To bridge the gap between the macroscopic electrical properties and the microscopic water-uptake mechanism, we investigated the hydration process of a Nafion membrane using ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) from vacuum up to ∼90% relative humidity at room temperature. The O 1s and S 1s spectra provided a quantitative analysis of the water content (λ) and the transformation of the sulfonic acid group (–SO3H) to its deprotonated type (–SO3−) during the water-uptake process. Taking advantage of a specially designed two-electrode cell, the conductivity of the membrane was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy before APXPS measurements with the same conditions, thereby establishing the connection between the electrical properties and the microscopic mechanism. By means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory, the core-level binding energies of O- and S-containing species in the Nafion + H2O system were obtained.
Ripples in macaque V1 and V4 are modulated by top-down visual attention
Authors: Doostmohammadi Jafar , Gieselmann Marc Alwin , van Kempen Jochem , Lashgari Reza , Yoonessi Ali , Thiele Alexander
Published: January 2023

Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are highly synchronous neuronal activity events. They have been predominantly observed in the hippocampus during offline states such as pause in exploration, slow-wave sleep, and quiescent wakefulness. SWRs have been linked to memory consolidation, spatial navigation, and spatial decision-making. Recently, SWRs have been reported during visual search, a form of remote spatial exploration, in macaque hippocampus. However, the association between SWRs and multiple forms of awake conscious and goal-directed behavior is unknown. We report that ripple activity occurs in macaque visual areas V1 and V4 during focused spatial attention. The occurrence of ripples is modulated by stimulus characteristics, increased by attention toward the receptive field, and by the size of the attentional focus. During attention cued to the receptive field, the monkey’s reaction time in detecting behaviorally relevant events was reduced by ripples. These results show that ripple activity is not limited to hippocampal activity during offline states, rather they occur in the neocortex during active attentive states and vigilance behaviors.
Cardiomyocyte sarcomere length variability: Membrane fluorescence versus second harmonic generation myosin imaging
Authors: Lookin Oleg , de Tombe Pieter , Boulali Najlae , Gergely Csilla , Cloitre Thierry , Cazorla Olivier
Published: January 2023

Sarcomere length (SL) and its variation along the myofibril strongly regulate integrated coordinated myocyte contraction. It is therefore important to obtain individual SL properties. Optical imaging by confocal fluorescence (for example, using ANEPPS) or transmitted light microscopy is often used for this purpose. However, this allows for the visualization of structures related to Z-disks only. In contrast, second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy visualizes A-band sarcomeric structures directly. Here, we compared averaged SL and its variability in isolated relaxed rat cardiomyocytes by imaging with ANEPPS and SHG. We found that SL variability, evaluated by several absolute and relative measures, is two times smaller using SHG vs. ANEPPS, while both optical methods give the same average (median) SL. We conclude that optical methods with similar optical spatial resolution provide valid estimations of average SL, but the use of SHG microscopy for visualization of sarcomeric A-bands may be the “gold standard” for evaluation of SL variability due to the absence of optical interference between the sarcomere center and non-sarcomeric structures. This contrasts with sarcomere edges where t-tubules may not consistently colocalize to Z-disks. The use of SHG microscopy instead of fluorescent imaging can be a prospective tool to map sarcomere variability both in vitro and in vivo conditions and to reveal its role in the functional behavior of living myocardium.
Optimized radius of curvature tuning for the virgo core optics
Authors: Nardecchia I , Minenkov Y , Lorenzini M , Aiello L , Cesarini E , Lumaca D , Malvezzi V , Paoletti F , Rocchi A , Fafone V
Published: January 2023

The advanced gravitational wave interferometers are reaching unprecedented levels of strain sensitivity, that is, of accessible volume of Universe, in search for the most elusive cosmic sources. In this effort, the optical design of these detectors places increasingly stringent requirements on the components. Thermal effects, related to the fraction of laser beam power absorbed in the optics, and deviation of components from specifications, intrinsic to the state of art of the production processes, need to be addressed to recover the ideal operation of the detector. Ring heaters (RHs) are thermally coupled actuators conceived to precisely tune the radius of curvature (RoC) of the highly reflective surface of mirrors. The actuator concept has been improved and properly rescaled to design dedicated heaters for different mirrors of the Advanced Virgo detector (namely test masses, power and signal recycling mirrors, filter cavity mirrors). This paper describes the design features and performances of the RHs installed around the test masses of Advanced Virgo, highlighting the improvements of this design with respect to previous actuators. In this case, the dynamic actuation range reaches 100 m over a static RoC value of 1500 m, with the deformation largely dominated by the spherical component. The obtained actuation gain is

d

R
o
C

d

P

= − 0.93 m W−1, with a typical settling time of about 6 h.
A sheathless high precise particle separation chip integrated contraction–expansion channel and deterministic lateral displacement
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Duan Junping , Wang Jiayun , Qu Zeng , Zhang BinZhen
Published: January 2023

Cell sorting plays an important role in medical and biological research. This study aimed to propose a novel approach combining a contraction–expansion array (CEA) channel and a deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) array to achieve high-throughput and high-precision particle separation of different sizes. The CEA channel could realize the focusing and preliminary sorting of particles with different sizes under the joint action of inertia force and Dean resistance. The separation purity and efficiency could be further improved by coupling triangular microcolumn DLD. The finite element simulation analysis was carried out using commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. The flow field distribution and the particle movement trajectory under the CEA channel and DLD array were simulated, respectively. The simulation results showed that this structure could achieve high-throughput and high-precision particle separation of different sizes. Finally, the separation experiments showed that the separation efficiency of 5 µm polystyrene microspheres as the target particles was more than 99%, and the separation purity was 96.1% under a high flow velocity. The microfluidic chip had the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, and label-free, sheathless characteristics, thus realizing high-efficiency, high-throughput particle separation of different sizes. In general, the proposed approach provided a new pathway for sheathless particle separation with high precision and high throughput.
Efficient removal of condensate droplets from the surface with microgroove composite structures
Authors: Wan Yanling , Sun Kelei , Xu Jinkai , Yu Huadong
Published: January 2023

Due to the increasing scarcity of global water resources, water collection based on structural functional materials has become one of most potential ways to relieve the crisis. However, water collection functional surface with the high efficiency still encounters a bottleneck. In this paper, we constructed a rough surface with micro groove and nano grass composite structures on the copper substrate, and studied the influence of micro groove spacing on the falling radius of condensate droplets. The results show that the micro groove structure increases the nucleation of droplets, and the nano needle accelerates the removal of condensate droplets. The composite structure reduces the droplet shedding diameter, and the droplet nucleation first occurs at the edge of the micro groove. Therefore, reducing the tank spacing is conducive to the condensation and removal of droplets. In addition, the water collection experiment shows that the surface with micro/nano composite structures has higher collection efficiency than the smooth surface. These findings are useful for designing condensate collection systems with high performance.
Contrasting the characteristics of atmospheric pressure plasma jets operated with single and double dielectric material: physicochemical characteristics and application to bacterial killing
Authors: Ghimire Bhagirath , Briggs Elanie F , Sysoeva Tatyana A , Mayo John A , Xu Kunning G
Published: January 2023

This study reports an experimental comparison of two types of atmospheric pressure plasma jets in terms of their fundamental plasma characteristics and efficacy in bacterial sterilization. The plasma jets are fabricated by inserting a high voltage electrode inside a one-end closed (double DBD plasma jet) or both ends open (single DBD plasma jet) quartz tubes which are further enclosed inside a second quartz tube containing a ground electrode. Both plasma jets are operated in contact with water surface by using a unipolar pulsed DC power supply with helium as the working gas. Results from electrical and time-resolved imaging show that the single DBD configuration induces 3–4 times higher accumulation of charges onto the water surface with significantly faster propagation of plasma bullets. These results are accompanied by the higher discharge intensity as well as stronger emissions from short-lived reactive species which were analyzed through optical emission spectroscopy at the plasma-water interface. The rotational temperature for the single DBD configuration was observed to be higher making it unsafe for direct treatments of sensitive biological targets. These characteristics of the single DBD configuration result in the production of more than two times higher concentration of H2O2 in plasma activated water. Shielding of the HV electrode reduces the plasma potential which in turn reduces the electric field & electron energy at the plasma-water interface. The reduced electric field for the double DBD configuration was lower by ≈463 Td than the single DBD configuration. The bactericidal efficacy of the two configurations of the plasma jets were tested against Escherichia coli, a well studied Gram-negative bacterium that can be commensal and pathogenic in human body. Our results demonstrate that although single DBD plasma jet result in stronger antibacterial effects, the double DBD configuration could be safer.
A recursive multi-head graph attention residual network for high-speed train wheelset bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Yuan Zonghao , Li Xin , Liu Suyan , Ma Zengqiang
Published: January 2023

Wheelset bearings are a core component of high-speed trains, and their fault diagnosis is the key to smooth operation. Deep learning is widely used in fault diagnosis due to its powerful classification ability. To explicitly fit the features of vibration signals and further explore the relationship between the signals, the graph attention network (GAT) is becoming a focus of research. Unlike traditional graph neural networks, GATs can focus on edges with stronger correlations with vertices, making the model more powerful when fitting graph samples in non-Euclidean space. However, existing GATs have two limitations. Firstly, most graph construction methods do not consider the characteristics of vibration signals, so the graph interpretation is not good. Secondly, the existing methods of graph attention coefficient cannot effectively reflect the importance of edges. To address these issues, a recursive multi-head graph attention residual network (RMHGARN) is proposed. In RMHGARN, vibration signals are transformed into recurrence graphs due to the recursive nature of nonlinear time series. A multi-kernel Gaussian symmetric graph attention mechanism is proposed to obtain the Hilbert spatial distribution between neighboring vertices. In addition, a graph encoding module is proposed to improve the feature representation of input samples. The effectiveness and superiority of RMHGARN under strong noise samples are verified using three wheelset bearing datasets.
Improving diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound texture features in detecting and quantifying hepatic steatosis using various beamforming sound speeds
Authors: Nam Kibo , Torkzaban Mehnoosh , Halegoua-DeMarzio Dina , Wessner Corinne E , Lyshchik Andrej
Published: January 2023

Objective. While ultrasound image texture has been utilized to detect and quantify hepatic steatosis, the texture features extracted using a single (conventionally 1540 m s−1) beamforming speed of sound (SoS) failed to achieve reliable diagnostic performance. This study aimed to investigate if the texture features extracted using various beamforming SoSs can improve the accuracy of hepatic steatosis detection and quantification. Approach. Patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease underwent liver biopsy or MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as part of standard of care, were prospectively enrolled. The radio-frequency data from subjects’ right and left liver lobes were collected using 6 beamforming SoSs: 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500 and 1540 m s−1 and analyzed offline. The texture features, i.e. Contrast, Correlation, Energy and Homogeneity from gray-level co-occurrence matrix of normalized envelope were obtained from a region of interest in the liver parenchyma. Main results. Forty-three subjects (67.2%) were diagnosed with steatosis while 21 had no steatosis. Homogeneity showed the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75–0.82 and 0.58–0.81 for left and right lobes, respectively with varying beamforming SoSs. The combined Homogeneity value over 1300–1540 m s−1 from left and right lobes showed the AUC of 0.90 and 0.81, respectively. Furthermore, the combined Homogeneity values from left and right lobes over 1300–1540 m s−1 improved the AUC to 0.94. The correlation between texture features and steatosis severity was improved by using the images from various beamforming SoSs. The combined Contrast values over 1300–1540 m s−1 from left and right lobes demonstrated the highest correlation (r = 0.90) with the MRI PDFF while the combined Homogeneity values over 1300–1540 m s−1 from left and right lobes showed the highest correlation with the biopsy grades (r = −0.81). Significance. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound texture features in detecting and quantifying hepatic steatosis was improved by combining its values extracted using various beamforming SoSs.
Quantum transport via dot devices with arbitrarily strong interactions
Authors: Klyuchantsev A B , Dzebisashvili D M
Published: January 2023

The paper develops a theory of tunneling electron transport through atomic-scale systems (or briefly quantum dots) with arbitrarily strong interaction. The theory is based on a diagram technique for nonequilibrium Green’s functions defined on Hubbard operators. The use of Hubbard operators, describing many-body states of an entire quantum dot, makes it possible to represent the Hamiltonian of the quantum dot in a universal diagonal form and consider its coupling with two leads within the perturbation theory. It is shown that in the case when all Hubbard operators are defined for the same site, some rules of the diagram technique for Hubbard operators, initially developed for lattice models, have to be modified. As an example of the application of the modified theory, the current-voltage characteristics of the single-impurity Anderson model with infinitely large Coulomb repulsion are calculated. It is shown that taking into account the multiple electron tunneling processes with spin flips results in the dip in the center of the Lorentz distribution peak, describing the density of states of the one level Anderson impurity coupled with two leads. The emergence of this dip in the density of states leads to a peculiar feature in the bias voltage dependence of the differential conductivity, which can be detected experimentally.
Modified Starobinsky inflation by the R ln (□) R term
Authors: Bezerra-Sobrinho J. , Medeiros L.G.
Published: January 2023

In the context of effective theories of gravity, a minimalist bottom-up
approach which takes into account 1-loop quantum corrections leads to
modifications in the Einstein-Hilbert action through the inclusion of four
extra terms: R
2, CκραβCκραβ
, 
R ln (□) R and Cκραβ
 
ln(□) Cκραβ
. The first two terms are necessary
to guarantee the renormalizability of the gravitational theory, and the last
two terms (nonlocal terms) arise from the integration of massless/light matter
fields. This work aims to analyze how one of the nonlocal terms, namely
R ln(□) R, affects the Starobinsky inflation. We
consider the nonlocal term as a small correction to the R
2 term, and we
demonstrate that the model behaves like a local model in this context. In
addition, we show that the approximate model in the Einstein frame is
described by a canonical scalar field minimally coupled to general relativity.
Finally, we study the inflationary regime of this model and constrain its free
parameters through observations of CMB anisotropies.
Linearity characterization and uncertainty quantification of spectroradiometers via maximum likelihood and the non-parametric bootstrap
Authors: Pintar Adam L , Levine Zachary H , Yoon Howard W , Maxwell Stephen E
Published: January 2023

A technique for characterizing and correcting the linearity of radiometric instruments is known by the names the ‘flux-addition method’ and the ‘combinatorial technique’. In this paper, we develop a rigorous uncertainty quantification method for use with this technique and illustrate its use with both synthetic data and experimental data from a ‘beam conjoiner’ instrument. We present a probabilistic model that relates the instrument readout to a set of unknown fluxes via a set of polynomial coefficients. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the unknown fluxes and polynomial coefficients are recommended, while a non-parametric bootstrap algorithm enables uncertainty quantification including standard errors and confidence intervals.

The synthetic data represent plausible outputs of a radiometric instrument and enable testing and validation of the method. The MLEs for these data are found to be approximately unbiased, and confidence intervals derived from the bootstrap replicates are found to be consistent with their target coverage of 95%. For the polynomial coefficients, the observed coverages range from 91% to 99%. The experimental data set illustrates how a complete calibration with uncertainties can be achieved using the method plus one well-known flux level. The uncertainty contribution attributable to estimation of the instrument’s non-linear response is less than 0.025% over most of its range.
Spatial regression model of poverty in the province of North Sumatera on 2017
Authors: Darnius Open , Tambunan Yohana
Published: January 2023

The research is done to determine the model of poverty in the Province of North Sumatera with spatial regression, to analyze the factors that affect it and to definite the effective spatial regression in analyzing it. Spatial regression used is Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR). The data used is secondary data from Statistics Indonesia of Province of North Sumatra. The result shows that predictor variables which affect the response variable are The Index of Human Development (X
3) and The Percentage of Population Destiny (X
4). The value of (R
2) is 72,78%.
Analysis of an optimal cluster approach: a review paper
Authors: Jollyta Deny , Efendi Syahril , Zarlis Muhammad , Mawengkang Herman
Published: January 2023

Determining the optimal clusters can be regarded as a grouping problem that has produced many cluster approach methods in various studies. Each method has provisions that can solve one or more grouping problems in generating information from data set with a number of k being tested. The advantages and disadvantages of each method actually complement to each other in solving the grouping problems. This paper aims to describe the performance of cluster approach methods in determining the optimal clusters through a review by paying attention to the criteria of the problem which is an obstacle to the grouping problem. The results of this review are expected to be a reference for developing the new optimal cluster approach method through possible combinatorial optimization.
Microplastic as a pollution in Babura River Medan: A study Case
Authors: Harpah N , Rizki A , Ageng P , Adawiyah R , Perdana Z , Suryati I , Leonardo R , Husin A , Faisal M
Published: January 2023

Microplastic in freshwater are an emerging global issue. Microplastic can be ingested by plankton and accumulated in aquatic food web. This study describes the characteristic of microplastic and the abundance of microplastic on water and sediments. The Babura River in Medan was used as a case study. The water dan sediments were collected at 3 location on July 2020 and conducted preparation on laboratory. The characterized of microplastic were using microscopy for the shape and FTIR for the type. The abundance were identify with microscopy. The characterize of collected water and sediments indicated that it contains polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene with fragment, film and fibre dominated for the shapes. The abundance of microplastic are from 15 particles/100g to 39 particles/100g on sediments and 68 particles/L to 132 particles/L on water. Similar shape were observed at all location, suggesting that anthropogenic activities in Babura river contributed for microplastic pollution.
Biogas Production from Cassava Peels Utilizing Fixed Bed Bioreactor with Silica Gel Media
Authors: Malini Simare mare Eva , Sarah Maya , Husin Amir
Published: January 2023

Indonesia has an abundance of various types of agricultural products. One of the abundance of agricultural products in Indonesia is cassava, but the skin is rarely used, so it can be a source of waste. Cassava peels can be used as a source of bioenergy in the form of biogas. This research was conducted by mixing the ratio of domestic waste mixing IPAL Cemara PDAM Tirtanadi and water by including cassava peels. In the slurry, cassava peels added about 8-9 % This study aims to determine the amount of biogas produced from bioreactors with and without silica gel as media. The ratio of domestic waste from IPAL Cemara PDAM Tirtanadi and water 1: 0, 1: 0.5, 1: 0.4 1: 0.3. The retention time during 23 days. The parameters tested from this study were COD, TSS, and VS. From the results of the research, it was found biogas from bioreactor ratio of 1: 0. In the bioreactor with silica gel media biogas was found on the 19th day with a pressure of 499.8 Pa, however in bioreactor without silica gel media, biogas was found at 294 Pa.