bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective action for managing wildfire risk across boundaries in forest and range landscapes: lessons from case studies in the western United States
Authors: Huber-Stearns Heidi R. , Davis Emily Jane , Cheng Antony S. , Deak Alison
Published: September 2022

Managing wildfire risk across boundaries and scales is critical in fire-prone landscapes around the world, as a variety of actors undertake mitigation and response activities according to jurisdictional, conceptual and administrative boundaries, based on available human, organisational, technical and financial resources. There is a need to catalyse coordination more effectively to collectively manage wildfire risk. We interviewed 102 people across five large landscape case studies in the western United States to categorise how people and organisations were deployed in range and forestlands to collectively address wildfire risk. Across all cases, actors spanned boundaries to perform functions including: (1) convening meetings and agreements; (2) implementing projects; (3) community outreach; (4) funding support; (5) project planning; (6) scientific expertise. These functions fostered conducive boundary settings, concepts and objects to communicate and work across boundaries, navigating challenges to implementing work on the ground. This work highlights context-specific ways to advance cross-boundary wildfire risk reduction efforts and uses a boundary spanning lens to illustrate how collective action in wildfire management evolves in different settings. This research highlights prescribed fire as a gateway for future collective action on wildfire risk, including managing naturally ignited wildfires for resource benefits and improving coordination during wildfire suppression efforts.
Impaired XK recycling for importing manganese underlies striatal vulnerability in Huntington's disease
Authors: Chhetri Gaurav , Ke Yuting , Wang Ping , Usman Muhammad , Li Yan , Sapp Ellen , Wang Jing , Ghosh Arabinda , Islam Md Ariful , Wang Xiaolong , Boudi Adel , DiFiglia Marian , Li Xueyi
Published: September 2022

Mutant huntingtin, which causes Huntington’s disease (HD), is ubiquitously expressed but induces preferential loss of striatal neurons by unclear mechanisms. Rab11 dysfunction mediates homeostatic disturbance of HD neurons. Here, we report that Rab11 dysfunction also underscores the striatal vulnerability in HD. We profiled the proteome of Rab11-positive endosomes of HD-vulnerable striatal cells to look for protein(s) linking Rab11 dysfunction to striatal vulnerability in HD and found XK, which triggers the selective death of striatal neurons in McLeod syndrome. XK was trafficked together with Rab11 and was diminished on the surface of immortalized HD striatal cells and striatal neurons in HD mouse brains. We found that XK participated in transporting manganese, an essential trace metal depleted in HD brains. Introducing dominantly active Rab11 into HD striatal cells improved XK dynamics and increased manganese accumulation in an XK-dependent manner. Our study suggests that impaired Rab11-based recycling of XK onto cell surfaces for importing manganese is a driver of striatal dysfunction in Huntington’s disease.
Enhanced Anomalous Hall Effect of Pt on an Antiferromagnetic Insulator with Fully Compensated Surface
Authors: Bai Yu , Wang Zhe , Lei Na , Muhammad Wisal , Xiang Lifeng , Li Qiang , Lai Huilin , Zhu Yinyan , Wang Wenbing , Guo Hangwen , Yin Lifeng , Wu Ruqian , Shen Jian
Published: September 2022

We report a significantly enhanced anomalous Hall effect (AHE) of Pt on antiferromagnetic insulator thin film (3-unit-cell La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, abbreviated as LSMO), which is one order of magnitude larger than that of Pt on other ferromagnetic (e.g. Y3Fe5O12) and antiferromagnetic (e.g. Cr2O3) insulator thin films. Our experiments demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 with fully compensated surface suppresses the positive anomalous Hall resistivity induced by the magnetic proximity effect and facilitates the negative anomalous Hall resistivity induced by the spin Hall effect. By changing the substrate’s temperature during Pt deposition, we observed that the diffusion of Mn atoms into Pt layer can further enhance the AHE. The anomalous Hall resistivity increases with increasing temperature and persists even well above the Neel temperature (T
N) of LSMO. The Monte Carlo simulations manifest that the unusual rise of anomalous Hall resistivity above T
N originates from the thermal induced magnetization in the antiferromagnetic insulator.
Minority-carrier dynamics in β-gallium oxide probed by depth-resolved cathodoluminescence
Authors: Sugie Ryuichi , Uchida Tomoyuki
Published: September 2022

The behavior of hole polarons in β-gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has attracted significant attention. Depth-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) was used to investigate the minority carrier dynamics in β-Ga2O3. First, a model describing CL intensity was proposed by considering the depth-dose function and surface recombination. A universal depth-dose function for β-Ga2O3, which has the form of a third-degree polynomial, was presented based on Monte Carlo simulation by introducing a normalized depth, which is the depth normalized by the electron beam range. Second, two experimental approaches, plan-view and cross-sectional CL measurements, were applied to unintentionally doped β-Ga2O3 (−201) wafers, and the experimental results were compared with those of the proposed model. The hole diffusion length was estimated to be within the range of 200–400 nm through the plan-view measurement, whereas a hole diffusion length of 250 nm was obtained through the cross-sectional measurement. The values were consistent with each other, and the model reproduced the experimental results well. This indicates that the nonequilibrium minority hole in the unintentionally doped β-Ga2O3 is mobile and forms a ‘weak’ polaron. The reduced recombination velocity of the (−201) face was estimated to be approximately ten for the plan-view measurement, whereas that of ten or more was assumed for the cross-sectional measurement. No inconsistency was observed, but the low-energy plan-view measurement is considered more suitable for investigating the surface recombination velocity.
Strongly coupled surface plasmon resonance modes at both FF and SH in clusters of symmetrically distributed metallic nanospheres
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Mengting , Dong Beibei , Wang Yajing , Xia Shiqiang , Lu Hai , Liu Yufang , Yu Kun
Published: September 2022

Plasmonic nanoclusters play an important role in the rapid development of application of nanophotonics. In this article both the fundamental-frequency (FF) and second-harmonic (SH) responses of the complex nanoclusters (tetramer, hexamer, and octamer), constructed by coupled spherical plasmonic nanoparticles, are theoretically investigated. By using the multiple scattering algorithm, we present the comprehensive numerical analysis of the physical mechanisms pertaining to the linear and nonlinear coupled-plasmon modes, including ‘hot spot’ modes (HSMs) and ‘whispering-gallery’ modes (WGMs). Different from the symmetric coupling of plasmonic eigenmodes excited by the nanodimer, our analysis reveals that such coupled modes from the nanomultimers are the result of the ‘hybridization’ of symmetric and asymmetric coupling between adjacent dipole or higher-order multipole moments. Also, the remarkable enhancement as large as 3–4 orders of magnitude is achieved for the SH intensity when employing the plasmonic HSMs or WGMs at the FF. Interestingly, the nonlinear plasmonic HSMs and WGMs (the maximum Q up to 4800) can also be obtained by elaborately designing the system geometry. In addition, the resonant wavelengths of such coupled-plasmon modes can be linearly modulated within a broad range. These numerical results have potential applications in surface optical microscopy, plasmonic sensor and nanolaser.
Multivariate time-varying complex signal processing framework and its application in rotating machinery rotor-bearing system
Authors: Huang Jie , Cui Xiaolong , Li Chaoshun , Xiao Zhihuai , Chen Qiming
Published: September 2022

Affected by multi-field coupling factors, the vibration response of rotating machinery similar to the hydro-generator unit often exhibits strong time-varying frequency components, which makes rotor fault detection more challenging. The fusion analysis of the vibration signals of multiple bearing sections of the rotor has been proved to be a very effective method for rotor vibration fault diagnosis. However, how to more accurately and synchronously extract the instantaneous features of rotor non-stationary vibration signals associated with multiple sections has been unresolved. To this end, a framework for multivariate time-varying complex signal decomposition of the rotor-bearing system (RBS) is proposed, namely multivariate complex nonlinear chirp mode decomposition. First, the decomposition of multivariate time-varying complex signals is realized by two-stage processing. Second, instantaneous orbit features (IOFs) are obtained through the proposed framework. Finally, a three-dimensional instantaneous orbit map reflecting the time-varying process is constructed through the IOFs. The framework not only realizes the decomposition of the multi-channel time-varying complex signals of the rotor but also simultaneously extracts the instantaneous features of the multi-channel signals. In addition, it also realizes the description of the instantaneous vibration state of the RBS in the non-stationary process (such as startup and shutdown). Simulation experiments show that the framework is superior to other multi-channel signal processing methods in processing time-varying complex signals. The results based on field-measured signals show that the framework can guide the real-time analysis of the signals generated by rotating machinery, which improves the intuition of condition monitoring.
Simulation of lithium flow, redeposition, and vapor shielding in liquid lithium divertor of T-15MD tokamak with SOLPS 4.3 code
Authors: Marenkov E D , Pshenov A A , Kukushkin A S
Published: September 2022

The erosion module of the SOLPS 4.3 code package for the liquid Li divertor target is developed to include the thermal sputtering, evaporation, and prompt redeposition effects. Eroded Li atoms are treated within a fully kinetic approach. Simulations for the T-15MD tokamak with liquid Li divertor targets are performed for various operational regimes. The main parameters characterizing the divertor operation are identified. The Li shielding effect is found significant at the input power P
SOL > 15 MW. The target conditions remain reasonable in terms of both the erosion rate and target temperature but core plasma dilution with Li remains a problem. The Li flow patterns in the scrape-of-layer (SOL) are analyzed in detail. About 80% of eroded Li is redeposited back on the target. The energy dissipated per an eroded Li particle, E
sh, is calculated and its values are in the range of 100–200 eV. These values are 2–4 times lower than those obtained from a simple 0D estimation of E
sh. Therefore, relying on simple 0D models for the analysis of Li divertor performance may cause an overestimation of the shielding efficiency.
Determination of organic impurities by plasma electron spectroscopy in nonlocal plasma at intermediate and high pressures
Authors: Zhou Chen , Yao Jingfeng , Saifutdinov Almaz I , Kudryavtsev Anatoly A , Yuan Chengxun , Ma Guowei , Dou Zhiyu , Cao Jingjie , Ma Mingxi , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: September 2022

This study aims to improve impurity analysis by plasma electron spectroscopy for organic molecules. Various impurities can be registered simultaneously in one measurement, because the appearance energies of the characteristic Penning electrons vary for different chemical compounds. Herein, experimental studies were conducted on helium with alcohol vapor impurities in a nonlocal negative glow plasma of a short glow micro-discharge with an increase in pressure from 15 Torr to 150 Torr. As a result, plasma electron spectroscopy enables the detection of gas impurities in high-pressure (even at atmospheric) environments, which eliminates the need for expensive and cumbersome gas pumping systems and expands the scope of the method.
Bosonic fields in states with undefined particle numbers possess detectable non-contextuality features, plus more
Authors: Schlichtholz Konrad , Mandarino Antonio , Żukowski Marek
Published: September 2022

The paradoxical features of quantum theory are usually formulated for fixed number of particles. While one can now find a formulation of Bell’s theorem for quantum fields, a Kochen–Specker-type reasoning is usually formulated for just one particle, or like in the case of Peres–Mermin square for two. Is it possible to formulate a contextuality proof for situation in which the numbers of particles are fundamentally undefined? We introduce a representation of the

s
u

(

2

)

algebra in terms of boson number states in two modes that allows us to assess nonclassicality of states of bosonic fields. This representation allows to show contextuality, and is efficient to reveal violation of local realism, and to formulate entanglement indicators. A form of an non-contextuality inequality is derived, giving a bosonic Peres–Mermin square. The entanglement indicators are built with Pauli-like field observables. The non-clasicality indicators are effective. This is shown for the 2 × 2 bright squeezed vacuum state, and a recently discussed bright-GHZ state resulting from multiple three photon emissions in a parametric process.
Expansion of a quantum gas in a shell trap
Authors: Guo Yanliang , Mercado Gutierrez Emmanuel , Rey David , Badr Thomas , Perrin Aurélien , Longchambon Laurent , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , Perrin Hélène , Dubessy Romain
Published: September 2022

We report the observation of the controlled expansion of a two-dimensional (2D) quantum gas confined onto a curved shell-shaped surface. We start from the ellipsoidal geometry of a dressed quadrupole trap and introduce a novel gravity compensation mechanism enabling to explore the full ellipsoid. The zero-point energy of the transverse confinement manifests itself by the spontaneous emergence of an annular shape in the atomic distribution. The experimental results are compared with the solution of the three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation and with a 2D semi-analytical model. This work evidences how a hidden dimension can affect dramatically the embedded low-dimensional system by inducing a change of topology.
Relativistic angular redshift fluctuations embedded in large scale varying gravitational potentials
Authors: Lima-Hernández Adal , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , Chaves-Montero Jonás
Published: September 2022

We compute the linear order, general relativistic corrections to angular redshift fluctuations (ARF), a new cosmological observable built upon density-weighted two-dimensional (2D) maps of galaxy redshifts. We start with an existing approach for galaxy/source counts developed in the Newtonian gauge, and generalize it to ARF, modifying for this purpose a standard Boltzmann code. Our calculations allow us identifying the velocity terms as the leading corrections on large scales, emphasizing the sensitivity of ARF to peculiar, cosmological velocity fields. Just like for standard 2D clustering, the impact of gravitational lensing on ARF is dominant on small angular scales and for wide redshift shells, while the signatures associated to gravitational potentials are extremely small and hardly detectable. The ARF also present interesting correlation properties to anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): they are highly correlated to CMB lensing potential fluctuations, while also exhibiting a significant (S/N∼ 4–5)anti-correlation with the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect (ISW). This negative ARF×ISW signal is quite complementary to the standard 2D clustering×ISW correlation, since the former appears mostly at higher redshift (z∼ 2) than the latter (z≲ 1), and the combination of the two observables significantly increases theχ2statistics testing the null (no ISW) hypothesis. We conclude that ARF constitute a novel, alternative, and potentially powerful tool to constrain the nature of Dark Energy component that gives rise to the ISW.
The Variable Earth’s Rotation in the 4th–7th Centuries: New ΔT Constraints from Byzantine Eclipse Records
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Murata Koji , Sôma Mitsuru
Published: September 2022

As one of the greatest astronomical spectacles, total solar eclipses have long been a subject of scientific interest and have been recorded by numerous civilizations over the millennia. These records are an essential reference for constraining and reconstructing Earth’s variable rotation (ΔT) prior to the 17th century. However, ΔTreconstructions for the 4th–7th centuries have significant uncertainties, mainly owing to a data scarcity. Here, we analyze Byzantine historical sources with reports of total solar eclipses along the Eastern Mediterranean coasts and add probable ΔTconstraints on their basis. We examined five cases of total solar eclipses in 346, 418, 484, 601, and 693 CE, identified times and locations of the observations, and compared them with the existing ΔTspline curve to derive new ΔTconstraints. Our results probably tighten ΔTvariability in 346 CE, show a larger ΔTrange in 418 CE, and give smaller ΔTranges in 484, 601, and 693 CE. Our study tightens the existing ΔTvariations and occasionally support some ΔTconstraints that slightly depart from the ΔTspline curve in the latest reconstructions. Our results are consistent with contemporary ΔTconstraints from other studies and offer an improved understanding of Earth’s variable rotation.
Digitization, Measurement, and Analysis of a 1905 Barnard Atlas Photographic Plate
Authors: Glusman Rowen , Boegen Lauren , Cerny William , Chapman Ali , Escapa Isaiah , Kron Richard G. , Martinez Michael N. , Muratore Amanda , Scott Audrey P.
Published: September 2022

In the second paper in this series, we improve on our previous demonstration of the ability of a commercially available graphic arts scanner and cost-effective analysis tools to produce scientifically useful scans of astronomical photographic plates. We describe a method using freely available tools to extract magnitude measurements from the star images on sky-survey plates, such as are stored in observatory archives around the world. We detail the use of this method on one plate in particular, Plate 8 in E. E. Barnard’s A
Photographic Atlas of Selected Regions of the Milky Way, examine the effects of our scanning method on our magnitude measurements, discuss the difficulties encountered when measuring the magnitudes of stars in crowded fields, and present a case study of red supergiant stars appearing within the field. Our work results in a catalog of more than 66,000 measurements of stellar positions and magnitudes in the central 6.°8 × 6.°8 field of view.
PTB–INRIM comparison of novel digital impedance bridges with graphene impedance quantum standards
Authors: Marzano Martina , Pimsut Yaowaret , Kruskopf Mattias , Yin Yefei , Kraus Marco , D’Elia Vincenzo , Callegaro Luca , Ortolano Massimo , Bauer Stephan , Behr Ralf
Published: September 2022

This paper describes an onsite comparison of two different digital impedance bridges when performing measurements on a quantum Hall resistance standard with the purpose of realizing the SI unit of capacitance, the farad. In the EMPIR Joint Research Project 18SIB07 GIQS, graphene impedance quantum standards, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany, developed a Josephson impedance bridge, and the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) and the Politecnico di Torino (POLITO), Italy, developed an electronic digital impedance bridge. The former is based on Josephson waveform generators and the latter on an electronic waveform synthesizer. The INRIM–POLITO impedance bridge was moved to PTB and the two bridges were compared by measuring both temperature-controlled standards and a graphene AC quantized Hall resistance (QHR) standard. The uncertainties for the calibration of 10 nF capacitance standards at 1233 Hz are within 1 × 10−8 for the PTB’s bridge and around 1 × 10−7 for the INRIM–POLITO’s bridge. The comparison mutually validates the two bridges within the combined uncertainty. The result confirms that digital impedance bridges allow the realization of the SI farad from the QHR with uncertainties comparable with the best calibration capabilities of the BIPM and the major National Metrology Institutes.
Study of the electrothermal and MHD instabilities in exploding cylindrical foil liner
Authors: Zhang Daoyuan , Wu Jian , Zhou Xinmiao , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Ziwei , Jiang Zhiyuan , Shi Huantong , Li Xingwen , Wang Guanqiong , Zhou Lin
Published: September 2022

An experimental and numerical study of the plasma instabilities in an electrical exploding cylindrical Al liner is reported. The Al liner 3 mm in diameter and 10 μm in thickness is exploded at the Qin-1 facility (450 ns, 400 kA). Various diagnostics, such as multi-frame laser shadowgraphy, an x-ray framing camera, and an x-ray backlighting system are developed. The different imaging systems are sensitive to plasma of different areal densities based on the comparison between the experiments and simulation, which reveal the dynamics of the exploding liner in more detail. The laser shadow images show the low-density plasma (∼1–2 × 10−4 g cm−2) at the edge of the liner, and both the amplitude and wavelength of the plasma instabilities increase over time, which are considered to be magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities rather than electrothermal instabilities. During the ablation of the liner, quasi-periodic azimuthally correlated striations are directly observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) self-emission images. Meanwhile, the vertical filaments, which are electrothermal instabilities for plasma under the condition of ∂η/∂T < 0, are also observed in EUV self-emission images. The x-ray backlighting images of the exploding liner are obtained by placing an X-pinch load on the current-return path to serve as an x-ray point source (∼1 ns, ∼10 μm). The x-ray backlighting results show the behavior of the high-density plasma (∼1.89 × 10−3 g cm−2), which includes the transition from electrothermal to MHD instabilities. Finally, we realized a 2D MHD simulation of the exploding liner under experimental conditions, which shows good agreement with the results of the experimental perturbation.
Analysis of Sleep apnea Considering Electrocardiogram Data Using Deep learning Algorithms
Authors: Rajabrundha A , Lakshmisangeetha A , Balajiganesh A
Published: September 2022

Sleep is a vital component of every human being. Adequate restful and restorative sleep reenergizes the body, enhances overall health and psychological well-being. Sleep hygiene, chaotic lifestyles, disorder breathing, stress, and anxiety contribute to poor sleep quality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) sleep respiratory disorder causes temporary lapses of breathing results in gasping, choking, snoring sounds during sleep. The individual does not consciously wake up, but the brain has to start breathing again which disrupts the sleep quality. Polysomnography (PSG) sleep study is employed to diagnose sleep disorders by using either in-home or laboratory-based comprehensive tests. The untreated OSA leads to deterioration in health, performance consequences with severity including daytime sleepiness, motor vehicle accidents, workplace errors, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality. The pre-processed, interpolated and segmented ECG signal is considered for the examination of OSA. This paper focuses on three types of deep learning classifiers-based prediction models for detection of apnea from the ECG signal. The accuracy value of Long Short Term Memory model (LSTM) is 85 percent and classifier’s ability to distinguish between normal and apnea events is 0.88.The Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) classifier and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model have an f1- score value of 0.80. The proposed LSTM model provides the optimal performance in comparison to other deep learning models used for classification with respect to area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy metrics.
Design and Development of a Caretaker Alert System Using Eye Blink Detection
Authors: Shashikala S , Vinodhini D , Jeeva J B
Published: September 2022

The patient who are bedridden due of weakening of muscles of hands, feet or had lost voice, finds difficult to communicate their needs. These conditions occur when there is an issue in the passage of messages between the brain and the muscles. Some of them are affected with quadriplegia cannot move their limbs and some could move only their eyes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an interactive system which would assist them to communicate with caretakers. Communication was done using pre- defined messages and an alert buzzer to grab attention, for corresponding delay in eye blinks. Once the eye blinks, the eye sensor senses it and compares the duration with the defined delays. If the condition is true then corresponding defined message appears on the display, if the condition is false, then it checks for next condition and so on. The user needs to be trained to communicate through this device. The time delays set for each message can be adjusted as per user’s need. More messages can be displayed by changing the time of closure of the eye. The system is employed to control, manage and communicate with the other people through eye blink action.
MEMS Biosensor Design and Simulation for Diagnostic Purposes
Authors: Malavika J , Parameshwari R , Kalyani D , Lakshmi Prabha P
Published: September 2022

A Biosensor is a device detects a chemical substance that combines a biological component. Micro cantilevers are used as sensors, transducers, probes, needles, transport mechanisms, resonators, latches, switches, and relays. The main concept in bio sensing application is antigen-antibody binding. When the magnitude of the force exerted is small, the sensitivity of the micro cantilever becomes high, so that the device can sense the presence of antigen even if the magnitude of the surface stress over the cantilever is very small. With the help of COMSOL Multi-Physics, micro-cantilever is designed as MEMS biosensors that diagnose various diseases accurately and rapidly when compared to other techniques. This biosensor is capable to detect HBV and N1H1 by immobilizing particular antibodies on the surface of the cantilever. The Moment the patient samples are sensed by sensors sensing element contains antigen; biochemical interactions found on the sensing part. Biochemical interactions occur between the antigens of HBV, H1N1, and the antibodies attached to the sensing element’s surface; as a result, the diseases are detected. In the current paper dual cantilever is designed for diagnosing two diseases in single step at the same time accurately. Here the cantilever can sense even a minute deformation 1.6x10-06 mm, hence it can be applied in designing MEMS based biosensor for diagnostic purpose. The dual-beam cantilever is simulated by choosing a suitable polymer to fabricate biosensor to detect swine flu and jaundice with the help of COMSOL Multi physics.
Medication adherence manager and its clinical application.
Authors: Fathillah M S , Chellappan K
Published: September 2022

Adherence to prescribed medication affects global clinical practice especially on chronic disease management resulting in adverse medical and economic burden. Reliable standard and practice in measuring adherence among patient is yet to be established clinically although aspects from user behavioural, clinical needs and technology-assisted devices design have been studied. Lack of real-time monitoring and inefficient method of medication consumption validation has been identified as the challenges in monitoring patient medication consumption’s pattern. The aim of this study is to design and deploy an IoT driven medication adherence manager. The proposed IoT architecture enabled by real time monitoring through a multi-sensor alert option in medicinal compartment to ensure adherence integrity. The reliability of the proposed device further enhanced with the mobile application and cloud storage and usage analytic support application. The medication adherence manager expected to digitize the medication consumption process thus improving the patient health and well-being at the same time reduce pharmaceutical wastage due to nonadherence.
Adaptable medical device with 3D printing facilities
Authors: Shivaraja T R , Kamal N , Zaidi W A W , Chellappan K
Published: September 2022

3D printing technology has breakthrough many long pending medical challenges. In this study the researchers are addressing epilepsy, a disability that limits mobility freedom, that can appear at any age but usually start in childhood or people over 60 years old. Diagnosing epilepsy quickly can be challenging due to the fact other conditions such as migraines, panic attacks and fainting possess similar symptoms. Regularly, it cannot be confirmed until seizure is detected. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common test used to diagnose epilepsy. Epileptiform brain activity presence is used as a change seen on an EEG recording among epilepsy patients. The availability of EEG device for epilepsy diagnosis is currently limited to clinical settings which restricts the treatment process. The objective of this study is to offer an option for personalized home-based EEG device for epilepsy diagnosis and monitoring. A customized 3D printed EEG headset with 8 channel dry electrodes device is assembled and configured. The customization is managed by offering three different printable headset sizes with material selection options. The device is supported with an OpenBCI application connected through Bluetooth for recording and further processing options. The proposed device has potential to address number of limitations including the recent pandemic’s challenge where hospitalization option is restricted. The outcome of the research is expected to bring a new breakthrough in brain activity related research and clinical diagnosis in patient monitoring. The customization option of this device is also expected to offer a new trend in managing treatment compliance and adherence in clinical practice.
Designing a Mask for Obstructive Breathing Disorder
Authors: Swedha V , Divakaran Sindu , Premkumar J , Sudhakar T
Published: September 2022

Constant Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is a method of painless mechanical ventilation to keep the aviation routes open in subjects unfit to do as such independently. It is utilized to treat different scopes of ongoing ailments emerging from obstructive aviation routes infections. Along these lines, this work means to address the plan and development of a veil and test CPAP gadget as verification of idea to be utilized by subjects experiencing different obstructive breathing illnesses. To plan a veil and the test CPAP gadget with tangible instrumentation for giving information to a miniature controlled framework, electro-pneumatic circuits and sign molding sheets of sensors have been fitted to accomplish streamlined CPAP work with low energy utilization. Every one of the boundaries are checked by the microcontroller once the microcontroller identifies any hardships in breathing circumstances it will turn on the steady framework for the subject. In this proposed work breathing pattern, rest design, temperature mugginess controls observing will be put away in mists. By utilizing the proposed work, steady framework subjects can be ready to inhale steadily.
Detection of Liver Dysfunction using Microfluidics Analysis
Authors: Lakshmi Prabha P , Kalyani D , Parameshwari R , Malavika J
Published: September 2022

The body fluids are an important clinical diagnostic marker, considered by the physicians for diagnosis, monitoring and treating various diseases. Bilirubin, orange-yellow coloured pigment, an end-product of heme metabolism is a biomarker for liver dysfunction primarily jaundice. Similarly, blood pressure is one amongst the main parameters raised in most of the abnormalities including liver dysfunction. Hence, screening of blood pressure and concentration of bilirubin in the blood stream helps to detect the pathological conditions. In COMSOL Multiphysics, fluid flow simulation task is taken into account to analyze the flow of blood, blood pressure, bilirubin and also their range of concentration. In the present work, liver dysfunction can be detected in early stage with the help of physiological behavior of hepatic artery by measuring the flow rate, blood pressure and bilirubin levels in the arteries with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. Also, the impact of obstruction due to the presence of blocks of various sizes in the arteries on the flow rate, bilirubin as well as blood pressure is explored.
Analysis of MRI as a screening tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia
Authors: Thilakavathi B , Sudha S , Vidya K , Subathra Y
Published: September 2022

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a clinical disorder that affects 0.01% of the world population. It affects people in late teen hood or early maturity resulting in lifelong social and mental disturbance. At present, there is no cure, but this can be diagnosed and treated. Classification of SCZ imposes great challenges even for the most experienced neurologists. A non-intrusive technique like MRI is taken for diagnosing various diseases which are used as a base for our tool. Many researchers used large datasets of SCZ and normal for analyzing SCZ using various parameters like Grey matter, white matter, voxel-based morphometry, etc., This work proposes a simpler but effective approach to classify the same. This paper determined statistical and complexity features from 32 SCZ and 18 normal MRI images. Totally 9 features are determined out of these, novel features Hausdorff dimension and Euclidean distance played an important role in classification. Hausdorff dimension is selected as the most significant feature by student’s t-test with p<0.001. The back propagation neural network receives substantial information from the t-test as input. Our promising approach, with a minimal dataset, classified the subjects with 100% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, and 94.4% accuracy.
Automatic classification of histology images into normal/cancer class with pre-trained CNN
Authors: Achuthan Geetha , Kadry Seifedine , Suresh Manic K. , Meqdad Maytham N.
Published: September 2022

Deep-Learning-Scheme (DLS) based medical data assessment has been widely employed in recent years due to its improved accuracy. Our goal is to study the performance of the pre-trained DLS on RGB-scale breast-histology images. The implemented idea holds these phases; (i) Data collection, pre-processing and resizing, (ii) Training the DLS with chosen test-pictures, (iii) Testing and validating the performance of the DLS with 5-fold cross-validation. This investigation considered the breast-histology pictures for the study and binary classification is employed to achieve Normal/Cancer class grouping of images. The proposed work compared the classification performance of AlexNet, VGG16 and VGG19.The experimental outcome of this study authenticates that the AlexNet with the Random-Forest (RF) classifier helps to get a higher classification accuracy (>87%) compared to VGG16 and VGG19.
Detection of Pneumonia in Chest X-Ray with Bat-Algorithm Selected Deep and Handcrafted Features
Authors: Suresh Manic K. , Kadry Seifedine , Biju Roshima , Balaji Gangadharam
Published: September 2022

Pneumonia is one infectious disease caused by viruses/bacteria, and early screening is necessary for the detection and treatment. Furthermore, pneumonia causes severe problems in children and elderly. The proposed work aims to develop a disease screening scheme for efficiently classifying the chest radiograph (X-ray) pictures into the Normal/Pneumonia group. The proposed process has the below phases; (i) Image collecting and resizing, (ii) Deep-feature extraction, (iii) Handcrafted feature extraction, (iv) Bat-Algorithm based feature selection and (v) Classification. In this work, the VGG16 scheme is considered to extract the deep-features and the necessary handcrafted features are mined using the Weighted Local Binary Pattern (WLBP). The necessary feature is then selected using the bat-algorithm supported feature selection. The experimental result of this study proves the accuracy of KNN is healthier (>98%) than other methods.
Extraction and assessment of COVID19 infection in lung CT images using VGG-UNet
Authors: Tanavade Satish Suresh , Kadry Seifedine , Suresh Manic K. , Balaji Gangadharam
Published: September 2022

The infectious disease in humans is gradually rising for various reasons, and COVID19 is one of the recently discovered diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2. From early 2020, the infection due to COVID19 has gradually increased, and still, its infection exists. COVID19 will cause severe infection in the respiratory tract, and early detection and treatment are essential. The harshness of the infection needs to be examined before implementing the treatment. This research aims to build up and implement a suitable procedure to extract and assess the infected section in lung CT slices. This work extracts the infected section using the pre-trained VGG-UNet scheme. The separated section is validated against the ground-truth (GT) image, and the necessary presentation standards are calculated. The performance of the VGG-UNet is then compared and verified with the UNet and UNet+ schemes. The investigational product of this study authenticate that the effect reached with the proposed study confirms that the VGG-UNet provides better Jaccard, Dice and accuracy compared to UNet and UNet+.
Automatic detection of ischemic-stroke-lesion with CNN segmentation: a study
Authors: Al Attar FerasNadhimHasoon , Kadry Seifedine , Manic K. Suresh , Meqdad Maytham N.
Published: September 2022

The vital organ in human physiology is the brain, and abnormality in the brain will reason for various behavioural problems. Ischemic-Stroke is a medical emergency, and early detection and action will help the patient recover quickly. This scheme aims to implement Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) segmentation method to extract and evaluate the infected portion from the MRI slice of the brain. In our study the pre-trained UNet scheme is adopted to extract the stroke region from the Flair modality MRI slice with axial-, coronal- and sagittal plane. In this work, the ISLES2015 database is used for the experimental investigation. The segmented portion is further evaluated to the ground-truth and the metrics such as Jaccard, Dice and Accuracy are computed. The experimental investigation is implemented using Python software. The experimental outcome of this research proves that the proposed CNN scheme aids to improve segmentation accuracy on axial-plane images compared with other images. The performance of the CNN segmentation scheme is then validated with other related results existing in the literature. The outcome of this study confirms that UNet supported technique helps extract the stroke lesion from the MRI slice with more accurate accuracy.
Exposure of agricultural workers in California to wildfire smoke under past and future climate conditions
Authors: Marlier Miriam E , Brenner Katherine I , Liu Jia Coco , Mickley Loretta J , Raby Sierra , James Eric , Ahmadov Ravan , Riden Heather
Published: September 2022

Wildfire activity in the western U.S. has increased in frequency and severity in recent decades. Wildfire smoke emissions contribute to elevated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations that are dangerous to public health. Due to the outdoor and physically demanding nature of their work, agricultural workers are particularly vulnerable to wildfire smoke pollution. In this study, we quantify the potential exposure of agricultural workers in California to past (2004–2009) and future (2046–2051) smoke PM2.5. We find that while absolute increases in smoke PM2.5 exposure are largest in northern California, agricultural regions in the Central Valley and Central Coast may be highly vulnerable to future increases in smoke PM2.5 concentrations. We find an increase from 6 to 8 million worker smoke exposure days (+35%) of ‘smokewave’ exposure for agricultural workers across the state under future climate conditions, with the largest increases in Tulare, Monterey, and Fresno counties. Under future climate conditions, we find 1.9 million worker smoke exposure days of agricultural worker exposure to levels of total PM2.5 pollution deemed ‘Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.’ This is a 190% increase over past climate conditions. Wildfire smoke PM2.5 contributes, on average, to more than 90% of these daily PM2.5 exceedances compared with non-fire sources of air pollution. Using the recent extreme wildfire season of 2020 as a case study, we show that existing monitoring networks do not provide adequate sampling of PM2.5 in many future at-risk wildfire regions with large numbers of agricultural workers. Policies will need to consider the changing patterns of smoke PM2.5 exposure under future climate conditions to better protect outdoor agricultural workers.
Cotangent bundle reduction and Routh reduction for polysymplectic manifolds
Authors: Capriotti S , Díaz V , García-Toraño Andrés E , Mestdag T
Published: September 2022

We discuss Lagrangian and Hamiltonian field theories that are invariant under a symmetry group. We apply the polysymplectic reduction theorem for both types of field equations and we investigate aspects of the corresponding reconstruction process. We identify the polysymplectic structures that lie at the basis of cotangent bundle reduction and Routh reduction in this setting and we relate them by means of the Routhian function and its associated Legendre transformation. Throughout the paper we provide examples that illustrate various aspects of the results.
Scaling asymptotics of spectral Wigner functions*
Authors: Hanin Boris , Zelditch Steve
Published: September 2022

We prove that smooth Wigner–Weyl spectral sums at an energy level E exhibit Airy scaling asymptotics across the classical energy surface Σ
E
. This was proved earlier by the authors for the isotropic harmonic oscillator and the proof is extended in this article to all quantum Hamiltonians −ℏ
2Δ + V where V is a confining potential with at most quadratic growth at infinity. The main tools are the Herman–Kluk initial value parametrix for the propagator and the Chester–Friedman–Ursell normal form for complex phases with a one-dimensional cubic degeneracy. This gives a rigorous account of Airy scaling asymptotics of spectral Wigner distributions of Berry, Ozorio de Almeida and other physicists.
Orbital angular momentum in optical manipulations
Authors: Li Manman , Yan Shaohui , Zhang Yanan , Zhou Yuan , Yao Baoli
Published: September 2022

Since Allen et al recognized that light beams possessing a helical phase structure can carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), OAM of light has witnessed groundbreaking developments and has founded tremendous applications in a broad range of fields. In this article, beginning with a general introduction to OAM, basic theories, and computational approaches, we provide an overview on recent advances in optical manipulation with OAM. Owing to the distinct characteristics of OAM beams feature, i.e. helical wave front, doughnut intensity profile and certain OAM per photon. Optical manipulation using OAM has demonstrated innovative landscapes, realized the manipulation of particles with different functions ranging from optical spanner, manipulating of low-refractive-index particles, optical sorting and guiding, up to optical spin–orbit interaction and chiral discrimination. This review will be helpful for understanding the mechanisms behind light–matter interaction.
MXene (Ti3C2T
x
) modified α-Co(OH)2 battery-type cathode and highly capacitive binder-free Ti3C2T
x
anode for high-performance electrochemical hybrid capacitor
Authors: Rohit R C , Jagadale Ajay D , Shinde Surendra K , Kim D-Y
Published: September 2022

The layered nanostructure of cobalt hydroxide has received great attention in the field of the electrochemical hybrid capacitor (EHC). However, the poor electrical conductivity and cyclic stability hinder its practical applicability. Surface modification of electrodes is considered one of the effective strategies to improve these properties. In this work, the surface of α-Co(OH)2 is modified via Ti3C2T
x
MXene using a simple drop-casting method with different mass loadings and corresponding electrochemical performance is evaluated. The α-Co(OH)2 surface modified with 0.05 mg cm−2 Ti3C2T
x
MXene (CM0.05) shows the maximum specific capacity of 403 C g−1 at the current density of 3 A g−1. The aqueous EHC fabricated with CM0.05 as a positive electrode and two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanosheets as a negative electrode outperforms the EHC fabricated with the activated carbon as a negative electrode. The CM0.05//MXene EHC shows the maximum energy density of 44.5 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 2762 W kg−1. This also shows appreciable stability of 72% even after 5000 cycles. The flexible EHC fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol: KOH gel electrolyte demonstrates a superior energy density of 1.17 mWh cm−2 at the power density of 11.9 mW cm−2 with a wide operating potential of 1.6 V. Therefore, MXene (Ti3C2T
x
) modified α-Co(OH)2 can be considered as a promising electrode material for flexible EHCs.
How We Look At Mature Faces—An Eye-Tracking Investigation Into the Perception of Age
Authors: Frank Konstantin , Ehrl Denis , Bernardini Francesco , Walbrun Alina , Moellhoff Nicholas , Alfertshofer Michael , Davidovic Kristina , Mardini Samir , Gotkin Robert H , Cotofana Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Background

It is still unclear which facial region contributes most to the perception of an aged face when evaluated by eye-tracking analyses.

Objectives

The authors sought to apply eye-tracking technology to identify whether mature faces require longer fixation durations than young faces and which facial region contributes most to the perception of a mature face.

Methods

Eye-tracking analyses were conducted in 74 volunteers (37 males, 37 females; 43 ≤ 40 years, 31 > 40 years) evaluating their gaze pattern and the fixation durations for the entire face and 9 facial subregions. Frontal facial images of 16 younger (<40 years) and older (>40 years) gender-matched individuals were presented in a standardized setting.

Results

Independent of age or gender of the observer, a younger stimulus image was viewed shorter than an older stimulus image with 0.82 (0.63) seconds vs 1.06 (0.73) seconds with P < 0.001. There was no statistically significant difference in their duration of a stable eye fixation when observers inspected a male vs a female stimulus image [0.94 (0.70) seconds vs 0.94 (0.68) seconds; P = 0.657] independent of the observer’s age or gender. The facial image that captured the most attention of the observer (rank 9) was the perioral region with 1.61 (0.73) seconds for younger observers and 1.57 (0.73) seconds for older observers.

Conclusions

It was revealed that the perioral region attracts the most attention of observers and contributes most to an aged facial appearance. Practitioners should be mindful of the importance of the perioral region when designing an aesthetic treatment plan.