bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statins: Is There an Increased Risk of Diabetes?
Authors: Kolich Meghan N. , Howard Patricia A.
Published: July 2012

Statins are currently the most widely used drug class for the management of dyslipidemia. Their benefits for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are well established. With the increasingly widespread use of statins, questions have been raised about a potential link between statin use and new onset type II diabetes. Evidence for this association was further strengthened by a recent study using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), which reported an increased risk of diabetes with statin use in postmenopausal women. This article will provide an overview of the study findings and discuss implications for clinical practice.
Cisplatin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine (CVD) Regimen for Melanoma
Authors: Sun Jeanne , Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: July 2012

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Hospital Emergency Response to Novel Influenza a (H1N1) Pandemic in a Large New York City Hospital: An Opportunity for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Ahmad Haniyyah , Guo Yi , Yaghdjian Vicken , Chung Philip , Ostrotvsky Belinda
Published: July 2012

We report a hospital wide response to the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic that was necessary given the early surge of potential cases and issues that New York City hospitals encountered. Our response was novel in that an antimicrobial stewardship team promoted guidelines for the triaging, isolation, testing, and treatment of potential H1N1 suspects. The experience was an unexpected opportunity for our growing antimicrobial stewardship program.
Ivacaftor
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Demaris Kendra , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: July 2012

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service.

Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The July 2012 monograph topics are on taliglucerase alfa for injection, avanafil, pertuzumab, mirabegron, and BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate). The DUE/MUE is on prostaglandin analogs, ophthalmic.
Approvals, Submission, and Important Labeling Changes for US Marketed Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: July 2012

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let me know at bakerdan@wsu.edu .
Patient Engagement: If you Provide it, What Will They Find?
Authors: Fox Brent I. , Felkey Bill G.
Published: July 2012

Patient engagement is a fundamental component of a transformed health care system. Patients can be engaged in many ways. Entry level engagement allows patients to view their records as they exist in the health system. This column addresses 2 methods of patient engagement and the challenges and opportunities that they provide.
Lycopene an Adjunctive Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication: a Quasi-Control Trial
Authors: Shidfar Farzad , Agah Shahram , Ekhlasi Golnaz , Salehpour Amin , Ghourchian Shadi
Published: July 2012

Although some herbal remedies in association with vitamin therapy have been investigated in eradicating HP, no research has been done to investigate the effects of lycopene it. Our aim was to understand if lycopene could be effective in eradication of HP. In this parallel group quasi-control trial, a total of 54 patients whose diagnosis of HP had been confirmed by rapid urease test (RUT) were enrolled. Group 1 received the standard 4-drug therapy to eradicate HP (Metronidazole 500 mg/BD, Amoxicillin 1g/BD, Omeprazole 20mg/BD, and Bismuth 240 mg/BD) and group 2 received the same regimen in association with Lycopene (30 mg/daily). One month after the initiation of the treatment, the patients were evaluated for HP eradication by RUT. Although eradication rate was higher in the second group, bivariate analysis showed no significant statistical difference between the two groups. In contrast with other nutrients, it seems that Lycopene does not have any significant effects on eradicating HP in comparison with the standard antibiotic therapy. The prevalence of HP is in association with socioeconomic situation, so the patients in different studies should be paid more attention about their own life style. We recommend that more studies can be designed by considering control group and placebo administration.
Glucosinolates: The Phytochemicals of Nutraceutical Importance
Authors: Prakash Dhan , Gupta Charu
Published: July 2012

Glucosinolates (thioglucoside-N-hydroxysulphates) constitute a homogeneous class of naturally occurring thiosaccharidic compounds mainly found in the botanical order Brassicales. They can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase to produce D-glucose and various other degradation products like isothiocyanates (ITCs)-depending on the aglycon part. The exact function of glucosinolates (GLSs) in the plant is unclear, however their potent odour and taste suggests a role in herbivore and microbial defense. They are known for their fungicidal, bacteriocidal, nematocidal and allelopathic properties and have recently attracted intense research interest because of their cancer chemo-protective attributes. Iso-thiocyanates, one of the hydrolyzed products, show best anti-carcinogenic activity.
Efficacy of Baptisia Tinctoria in the Treatment of Typhoid: Its Possible Role in Inducing Antibody Formation
Authors: Banerji Pratip , Banerji Prasanta , Das Gobinda Chandra , Islam Aminul , Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Susmita
Published: July 2012

Typhoid is one of the most serious infectious bacterial diseases in third world countries. It is usually treated by traditional antibiotics but due to the appearance of antibiotic resistant strains physicians opt for phyto products and other alternative medicines for the treatment of typhoid. Baptisia, an extract from indigo plant root, has been proved to be highly effective ultradilute medicine for the treatment of typhoid; however, the mode of action of the ultradilute extract is uncertain. Due to the antigenic variations of Salmonella it seems to induce immuno system by activating both T and B cells by the formation of antibodies. This principle seems to be highly effective for the development of typhoid vaccine. The present studies found that Baptisia administration possibly caused a salmonella-like reaction in the body as this extract produces an endogenous antibody similar to salmonella reaction. Thus, this study suggests that Baptisia tinctoria extract can be used for the prevention and treatment of typhoid.
Strategic Placement of Wind Turbines in Smart Grids
Authors: Siano Pierluigi , Rigatos Gerasimos , Chen Peiyuan
Published: July 2012

This paper is to propose an optimization method that searches for the optimal installed capacity of wind turbines (WTs) in smart grids from the perspectives of both WTs developers and distribution network operator (DNO). The proposed hybrid optimization method combines the genetic algorithm and the multi-period optimal power flow analysis. The objective of the optimization is to maximize the net present value of the profits obtained by the WTs developers as well as that of the savings obtained by the DNO from network loss reduction. A 69 bus 11 kV radial distribution network is used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed algorithm, with the implementation of different active management schemes. Simulation results show that the optimal WT capacity from the perspective of DNO differs from the optimal value deemed by the WT developers. The resulting economic benefits can be used by both DNO and WT developers to justify an increase in WT installation if desired. The two contrasting schemes see either the WTs developers or DNO benefiting at the expense of the other. As such, using tradeoff analysis it may be possible to find suitable compromises.
Equilibrium Vertical Integration with Complementary Input Markets
Authors: Matsushima Noriaki , Mizuno Tomomichi
Published: July 2012

We provide a model to investigate vertical integration decisions. This model assumes that local downstream manufacturers require two inputs to make their final products. One input is produced by a supplier shared by both manufacturers; another is produced by an exclusive supplier for each manufacturer. We show that vertical integration of each downstream firm with its exclusive supplier enhances the input demand for the common supplier, leading to an increase in the common supplier's input price due to the elimination of the double marginalization. Moreover, downstream firms that require a smaller quantity of inputs from the common supplier, for instance, those with efficient production technology or smaller downstream demand, are more likely to vertically integrate because vertical integration yields a smaller increase in input price. Thus, the cause of firm-size heterogeneity is important to consider when investigating the relationship between firm size and the tendency to vertically integrate.
Provision of Multilevel Public Goods by Positive Externalities: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Güth Werner , Sääksvuori Lauri
Published: July 2012

The provision of public goods regularly embodies interrelated spheres of influence on multiple scales. This article examines the nature of human behavior in a multilevel social dilemma game with positive provision externalities to local and global scales. We report experimental results showing that behavior in multilevel games is strongly driven by asymmetric conditional cooperation prioritizing local level externalities. Our findings demonstrate how individuals over time adjust their behavior to local conditions. We do not find significant adjustment to global group average, suggesting that the local group creates a salient reference group for social comparisons in multilevel public goods provision. Our results emphasize the importance of strong local level commitment when designing institutions to promote sustainable provision of globally important public goods like the global climate.
Bandlimited illumination with engineered diffusers
Authors: Sales Tasso R.M.
Published: July 2012

Engineered diffusers are refractive, achromatic optical elements with the capability to not only spread and homogenize an input beam but also shape the distribution of energy as well as intensity profiles. Bandlimited illumination is of particular interest for many applications that require certain intensity profiles over specific angular range with maximum efficiency. Here, we describe the concept and design of engineered diffusers as well as the method to fabricate them, from the initial resist master to volume production. Engineered diffusers are found to provide nearly ideal bandlimited illumination without image artifacts and with acceptable manufacturing tolerances.
Injection molded high precision freeform optics for high volume applications
Authors: Dick Lars , Risse Stefan , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: July 2012

No abstract available.
Nanostructured micro-optics based on a modified stack-and-draw fabrication technique
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad R. , Waddie Andrew J. , Buczynski Ryszard , Nowosielski Jedrzej , Filipkowski Adam , Pysz Dariusz
Published: July 2012

We present the latest results in the fabrication of micro-optical components using a novel nanostructuring process. This low-cost fabrication technology, which exploits advances in the development of photonic crystal fibres, uses a modified stack-and-draw technique where macroscopic distributions of thermally and mechanically matched glasses are reduced in scale by repeated draw-down and restacking procedures until the individual glass features are significantly below the wavelength of incident light. We demonstrate that this fabrication technique is suitable for the creation of large diameter high numerical aperture micro-lenses for light collection and concentration purposes and broadband form birefringent materials.
Dimensional and hygroexpansive behaviors of cellulose microfibrils (MFs) from kraft pulp-based fibers as a function of relative humidity
Authors: Lee Jung Myoung , Pawlak Joel J. , Heitmann John A.
Published: July 2012

Cellulose aggregate fibrils (CAFs) with dimensions of 100,000×3000×300 nm from unbleached kraft pulp (KP), oxygen delignified KP (KPox.del), and fully bleached kraft pulp (BKP) were liberated by a series of high shear and fractionation operations. The CAFs served as microfibril model material to evaluate their dimensional and hygroexpansive behaviors when submitted to variable relative humidities (RHs). The atomic force microscopy images of CAFs from different sources of kraft fibers were obtained during a RH cycle from 50% RH to 78% RH and then to 21% RH while being kept at 23°C. The resulting images were analyzed to determine dimensional changes in length, its concurrent cross-sectional area, width, and height. The mean value of changes in length and width was in the range of 2.3–3.2% and 1.9–3.3%, respectively. The changes in area and height were in the range of 14.5–18.2% and 12.4–17.3%, respectively. The length of CAFs showed a negative correlation with RH, whereas cross-sectional area, width, and height changes correlated positively with RHs. In the out-of-plane direction, such as area and height, the hygroexpansivity was one order of magnitude larger than the in-plane hygroexpansivity, i.e., in terms of length and width.
Silica content of 36 Brazilian tropical wood species
Authors: Eduardo Santana Marcos Antonio , Rodrigues Laécio Carneiro , Rauber Coradin Vera Teresinha , Arakaki Okino Esmeralda Yoshico , de Souza Mário Rabelo
Published: July 2012

Microscopic analysis of 36 Brazilian Amazon wood species revealed the presence of silica in 12 species, mostly in the ray cells and a few times in the axial parenchyma and fibers. The average amount of silica in these species varied from 0.07% to 1.6% as quantified by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Statistical analysis gave the following classification in terms of silica contents: very low (<0.07%), low (between 0.07% and 0.3%: Diplotropis purpurea and Vatairea paraensis), medium (between 0.3% and 0.4%: Chrysophyllum
lucentifolium, Couratari multiflora, Dacryodes sp., Mezilaurus itauba, Trattinnickia burserifolia, and Trattinnickia rhoifolia), high (between 0.4% and 0.7%: Astronium gracile and Couratari sp.), and very high (above 0.7%: Apuleia leiocarpa and Couratari stellata).
On k-Lehmer Numbers
Authors: Grau José María , Oller-Marcén Antonio M.
Published: July 2012

Lehmer's totient problem consists of determining the set of positive integers
Negotiation strategies and patient empowerment in Spanish and British medical consultations
Authors: Hernández López María de la O
Published: July 2012

Making a decision is not only one of the physician's most important responsibilities but also one of patients’ most sensitive moments in medical encounters. Drawing from pragmatics studies, this paper explores rapport maintenance and/or enhancement (Spencer-Oatey 2000, 2008) in the decision-making strategies that General Practitioners (GPs) and patients employ in 80 encounters in various areas of England and Spain. The results show that such strategies are context-bound and subject to role specifications: while patients may make use of (dis)agreement strategies and initiate decisions and/or self-diagnosis, doctors give options, show empathy, expand explanations or show explicit or implicit (dis)agreement. In relation to this, notable findings were revealed: first, these communicative strategies may vary not only in terms of frequency but also quality and distribution; second, the Spanish interlocutors in the data gathered tend to negotiate through the explicit expression of opinions, while the British interlocutors prefer the discussion of different alternatives and value the other's freedom to act. Third, there is higher tolerance of disagreement in the Spanish data. Fourth, negotiation may be undertaken on the basis of either self-affirmation or consensus-seeking beliefs. Finally, patient empowerment is displayed in divergent ways in both sets of data. In short, the decision-making processes examined are subject to social and psychological factors with a direct impact on communicative styles.
Interaction Order and Anxiety Disorder: A “Batesonian” Heuristic of Speaking Patterns during Psychotherapy
Authors: Streeck Jürgen
Published: July 2012

This paper describes speaking practices enacted by young female in-patients during psychotherapy sessions. The patients are in treatment for anxiety and panic disorders (social phobias). The practices involve prosodic, lexical, and pragmatic aspects of utterance construction. An effect that they share is that the speaker's embodied presence in her talk and her epistemic commitment to it are reduced as the utterance progresses. The practices are interpreted in light of Bateson's interactional theory of character formation: as elements of a self-sustaining system Angst (anxiety). The study has grown out of an interdisciplinary effort to explore possible relationships between types of anxiety and the communicative and linguistic patterns by which patients describe panic attacks and other highly emotional experiences.
Percepção e compreensão de profissionais e graduandos de saúde sobre o idoso e o envelhecimento humano
Authors: Schimidt Teresa Cristina Gioia , Silva Maria Julia Paes da
Published: July 2012

Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com 117 profissionais e graduandos na área da saúde, que participaram da capacitação em comunicação não verbal em gerontologia, com objetivo de identificar a percepção e compreensão de graduandos e graduados da área da saúde, sobre o que é o idoso e o envelhecimento humano. Os resultados sobre o entendimento sobre envelhecimento humano permitiu a construção das categorias: evolução da vida que traz experiências; natural, misteriosa e com experiências acumuladas; perda da alegria e ganho do isolamento; época de valorização do carinho e respeito; etapa inevitável com desgaste, preconceito, limitações e exige atenção; consequência da vida e presença de doenças e processo fisiológico global. Quanto à percepção do idoso, as respostas foram classificadas em positivas, negativas, mistas e neutras. Consideramos que a compreensão do idoso e do envelhecimento foi limitada e pessimista, sendo necessário que tenhamos a consciência de que a visão que se possui interfere na maneira pela qual nos relacionamos.
A formação acadêmica de enfermagem e os incidentes com múltiplas vítimas: revisão integrativa
Authors: Salvador Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira , Dantas Rodrigo Assis Neves , Dantas Daniele Vieira , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos
Published: July 2012

O estudo objetiva refletir acerca dos saberes, competências e habilidades que devem ser fomentados durante a formação acadêmica de enfermagem para uma atuação profissional eficaz perante um incidente com múltiplas vítimas (IMV). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca da formação dos acadêmicos de enfermagem. O levantamento bibliográfico foi efetuado nas bases de dados BDENF, LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge e HighWire Press, utilizando os descritores: educação superior; educação em enfermagem; enfermagem em emergência; e acidentes com feridos em massa. As produções proporcionaram tecer considerações nos pilares temáticos: peculiaridades; competências e habilidades que são essenciais à atuação do enfermeiro diante de um acidente com múltiplas vítimas e as estratégias docentes para o fomento de tais competências e habilidades. A análise literária denotou que o ensino da enfermagem deve configurar-se como um espaço de construção do senso crítico, o que exige uma prática pedagógica docente eclética.
Relações entre pensamento ruminativo e facetas do neuroticismo
Authors: Zanon Cristian , Borsa Juliane Callegaro , Bandeira Denise Ruschel , Hutz Claudio Simon
Published: July 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as relações de ruminação com neuroticismo e suas facetas (vulnerabilidade, desajustamento psicossocial, ansiedade e depressão), no tocante à variavel sexo. Compuseram a amostra 361 estudantes universitários (48,5% do sexo feminino), com média de idade de 19,9 anos (DP=3,6). Os estudantes foram testados coletivamente em sala de aula. Os resultados evidenciaram correlações positivas de ruminação com neuroticismo e suas facetas, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos em relação a essas correlações. Ademais, homens apresentaram médias superiores de desajustamento psicossocial e depressão em relação a mulheres. Estas, por sua vez, apresentaram médias superiores de ansiedade. Os achados desse estudo são discutidos à luz da literatura da área e sugerem novas investigações.
Exercício resistido em idosos frágeis: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Câmara Lucas Caseri , Bastos Carina Corrêa , Volpe Esther Fernandes Tinoco
Published: July 2012

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome da fragilidade, bastante comum em pessoas de idade avançada, consiste em um conjunto de sinais e sintomas no qual estão presentes critérios como perda de peso corporal não intencional em um ano (aproximadamente 5%), diminuição na velocidade da marcha, níveis baixos de atividade física, exaustão subjetiva e diminuição de força muscular. Os consequentes efeitos dessas mudanças relacionadas à idade, que incluem sarcopenia, disfunção imunológica e desregulação neuroendócrina, aumentam a vulnerabilidade do organismo ao estresse, reduzindo a habilidade de adaptar, compensar ou modular esses estímulos. Diferentes intervenções têm sido propostas para atenuar esse processo, sendo o exercício resistido (ER) uma das opções estudadas. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica averiguando os efeitos dos ER na fisiopatologia da síndrome da fragilidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica do período de 2004 a 2010, por meio das bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e PubMed. RESULTADOS: Por meio das análises dos estudos, foram observadas alterações nos sistemas hormonal e imune, atuando de forma sistêmica na reversão ou minimização dos efeitos da sarcopenia exercendo influência positiva na síndrome da fragilidade. CONCLUSÃO: O ER deve ser indicado como opção terapêutica para idosos frágeis ou pré-frágeis que não apresentem contraindicações para realização desta modalidade de exercício.
P53 gene: major mutations in neoplasias and anticancer gene therapy
Authors: Lima Caroline Rocha de Oliveira , Rabelo Rogério Elias , Vulcani Valcinir Aloísio Scalla , Cardoso Lorena Damasio , Sousa Nicaelle Luan de Moura , Moura Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de
Published: July 2012

The p53 gene encodes a protein that has molecular weight of 53kD and is also called p53 protein, being constantly studied for its classic concept of "genome guardian". This gene plays a range of essential functions to ensure the cell cycle control, in addition to playing a central role in carcinogenesis. With respect to neoplasias, it prevents the neoplastic transformation through three intricate mechanisms. Depending on the extent of the mutation, different responses may be sent by p53 and those range since the disruption of the cell cycle, the correction of the mutation through the activation of repair proteins or still, the induction of senescence or cell death by apoptosis. This review aims to address the structural and functional aspects of the p53 gene and protein, and also reaffirm their participation in the carcinogenesis control, approaching their major mutations and the anticancer gene therapy involving this gene.
Land use and occupation analysis of Permanent Preservation Areas in Lavras County, MG
Authors: Reis Aliny Aparecida dos , Teixeira Marcelo Dias , Acerbi Júnior Fausto Weimar , Mello José Marcio de , Leite Lucilia Rezende , Silva Sérgio Teixeira da
Published: July 2012

The Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) are considered essential for the maintenance of local biodiversity, so that your protection is regulated by the Brazilian legislation. This work had the objective of delimiting permanent preservation areas according to determinations of the current Brazilian environmental legislation, and identify the occurrence of conflict between the land use and legislation in Lavras county, MG, by combination of technologies of remote sensing and geographic information systems. The PPAs correspond to 42.33% of Lavras county's territory. The conflict between the land use and environmental legislation occurs in 63.48% of PPAs' territory, mainly corresponding to the pasture areas, bare soil and agriculture. The PPAs of tops of hills showed the highest conflicts with the legislation, with 48.48% of the territory occupied by pastures, and 13.62% by agriculture. The PPAs located in the surrounding of water courses and in the slopes with declivity higher than 45º presented 59.99% and 92.03%, respectively of the territory occupied by native vegetation of semi-deciduous forest and natural fields.
Ocupação, bem-estar e satisfação de vida: a experiência de um modelo alternativo de estágio em terapia ocupacional na Austrália
Authors: Pfeifer Luzia Iara , Stagnitti Karen , Panuncio Pinto Maria Paula
Published: July 2012

Apresenta-se um modelo alternativo de estágio em terapia ocupacional desenvolvido na Deakin University - Austrália, denominado Ocupação, bem-estar e satisfação de vida - Occupation, wellness and life-satisfaction (OWLS). O OWLS oferece, aos estudantes, a oportunidade de atuação em contextos não tradicionais, permitindo um aprendizado estratégico em ambientes não clínicos, incluindo o trabalho com outros profissionais não-terapeutas ocupacionais e com diferentes culturas de trabalho e práticas, em resposta a lacunas identificadas na comunidade. Favorece oportunidades para desenvolver habilidades, tais como: a promoção da saúde, avaliação e educação em saúde e intervenção em escolas, melhorando, assim, a saúde e o bem-estar da comunidade. O programa tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos, com resultados positivos alcançados pelos estudantes, representando uma importante estratégia de ensino para capacitação do profissional de terapia ocupacional, ampliando, assim, a área de atuação.
A visibilidade do trabalho de enfermagem no centro cirúrgico por meio da fotografia
Authors: Reus Lucia Helena , Tittoni Jaqueline
Published: July 2012

O presente artigo origina-se de uma pesquisa realizada junto aos trabalhadores do centro cirúrgico do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil, analisando os modos de trabalhar da equipe de enfermagem e sua relação com pacientes e demais profissionais da saúde. Utilizou-se o pensamento de Foucault, enfatizando-se as articulações dos jogos de saber e poder, bem como os efeitos de verdade no trabalho, sustentados pelo olhar desses trabalhadores e usando-se a estratégia da fotografia em uma perspectiva da pesquisa-intervenção. O centro cirúrgico foi retratado como um espaço do olhar, da vigilância e do controle. O saber é determinado a partir da visibilidade dos corpos, sejam de pacientes ou de trabalhadores, e este saber é legitimado quando emana do brilho do foco cirúrgico. O trabalho com fotografias possibilitou olhares diversos e a criação de um espaço de discussão.
Reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio e no ruído versus benefício de crianças e adolescentes usuários de próteses auditivas
Authors: Torres Enma Mariángel Ortiz , Lessa Alexandre Hundertmarck , Aurélio Nilvia Herondina Soares , Santos Sinéia Neujahr dos , Costa Maristela Júlio
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVO: avaliar crianças e adolescentes, usuários de próteses auditivas, buscando investigar o benefício proporcionado pela amplificação sonora por meio do teste Listas de Sentenças em Português e do Questionário de avaliação do benefício em crianças e adolescentes, e verificar se existe correlação entre os resultados obtidos por meio dos dois instrumentos de avaliação. MÉTODO: estudo retrospectivo, onde foram avaliados 13 sujeitos com idades entre oito e 14 anos, de ambos os sexos, com perda auditiva de no máximo, grau moderadamente severo na melhor orelha, usuários de próteses auditivas bilateralmente há mais de dez meses e protetizados por um Programa de Saúde Auditiva. Foi realizada anamnese, nova avaliação audiológica básica e aplicados o teste Listas de Sentenças em Português e o Questionário de Avaliação do Beneficio em crianças e adolescentes. RESULTADOS: os resultados obtidos no Teste de Listas de Sentenças em Português e no questionário mostraram que houve benefício com o uso das próteses, tanto no silêncio, quanto no ruído. Entretanto, não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre os resultados. CONCLUSÃO: embora não tenha sido verificada correlação estatisticamente significante entre os resultados obtidos por meio dos dois instrumentos de avaliação, foi observada melhora no desempenho de reconhecimento de fala fazendo uso das próteses através do teste Listas de Sentenças em Português, tanto na avaliação no ruído, quanto no silêncio e, em resposta ao questionário, os avaliados referiram benefício com o uso da amplificação sonora.
Modelos transnacionais de participação cidadã: o caso do orçamento participativo
Authors: Sintomer Yves , Herzberg Carsten , Röcke Anja
Published: July 2012

Este artigo tem dois objetivos fundamentais. Inicialmente, busca apresentar a primeira análise a partir de uma perspectiva transnacional do orçamento participativo, o qual ocupa uma posição central na literatura sobre participação cidadã ou, mais especificamente, sobre inovações democráticas. Em segundo lugar, combina esse amplo projeto empírico com uma abordagem teórica baseada na construção de tipos ideais na tradição weberiana. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta seis modelos de participação cidadã: democracia participativa, democracia de proximidade, modernização participativa, participação de múltiplos atores, desenvolvimento comunitário e neocorporativismo. Embora esses modelos sejam inicialmente concebidos em estreita associação com o orçamento participativo e o contexto Europeu, nosso argumento é que eles podem auxiliar na investigação das dinâmicas, contextos e impactos sociopolíticos e ideológicos do engajamento cívico e da democracia atuais, em escala transnacional.
Agricultura e biodiversidade nas Ciências Sociais brasileiras: alimentando a comunicação entre ciência e políticas públicas
Authors: Carneiro Maria José , Danton Thais
Published: July 2012

O presente artigo decorre de uma reflexão sustentada em dois pressupostos: a) que as ciências e, em particular, as sociais, podem contribuir para informar as tomadas de decisão e a formulação de políticas públicas visando a melhoria da vida das pessoas no planeta e b) que o papel da agricultura na conservação da biodiversidade é uma questão atual de extrema relevância e que merece ser aprofundada. A relação entre a agricultura e a biodiversidade tem sido objeto de questionamentos recentes na sociedade e no campo das políticas públicas. Contudo, se os estudos relacionados à biodiversidade e à agricultura, separadamente, têm observado um considerável crescimento no Brasil, poucos são os investimentos de pesquisa sobre a relação entre esses dois grandes temas. A partir dessas considerações, seguimos dois objetivos principais: 1) investigar como o papel da agricultura familiar na preservação da biodiversidade tem sido abordado pelas Ciências Sociais no Brasil, particularmente nos artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros nos últimos 20 anos; 2) testar uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, criteriosa, que possa ser útil aos tomadores de decisão em políticas públicas e demais interessados.
Uma escola para homem rural: a cultura popular, os camponeses e o movimento de educação de base (1960-1964)
Authors: Souza Claudia Moraes de
Published: July 2012

Nos idos dos anos 1960, a intervenção sobre a cultura popular tornou-se um suposto da ação política de agentes modernizadores da sociedade brasileira. Por meio da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), a Igreja Católica elaborou um projeto educacional de dimensão nacional, articulando suas emissoras de rádio no território brasileiro aos centros de educação radiofônica rural e criando, em 1961, o Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB). Os pressupostos teóricos e filosóficos do Movimento transcendiam as questões do aprendizado formal e pautavam-se por estratégias de ação da Igreja sobre os problemas de crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento social das regiões pobres brasileiras. O artigo em questãoversa sobre o camponês que participou do MEB e suas experiências escolares, avaliando os preceitos de educação rural, educação cívica e alfabetização de adultos propostos na ação dos agentes e das instituições modernizadoras do campo brasileiro. Analisamos os processos de assimilação e resistência do camponês aos princípios e projetos modernizantes externos à sua cultura. Novos ritmos de tempo, novas representações e novos significados foram introduzidos pela escola sobre práticas culturais seculares do campesinato brasileiro. No MEB, tal fenômeno resultou tanto na assimilação dos novos estímulos trazidos pela escola, quanto na insurreição de costumes e hábitos interligados às funções ritualísticas e costumeiras do indivíduo e/ou da comunidade rural.
Triagem sorológica para doença celíaca em adolescentes e adultos jovens, estudantes universitários
Authors: Moura Ana Carla Augusto , Castro-Antunes Margarida Maria de , Lima Leandro Alvino Melo de , Nobre Josemar Maria de Melo , Motta Maria Eugênia Farias Almeida , Silva Giselia Alves Pontes da
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a positividade sorológica para doença celíaca em um grupo de adolescentes e adultos jovens da cidade do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi composta por estudantes matriculados nos cursos de graduação do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Os estudantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para pesquisa sorológica do anticorpo antitransglutaminase tecidual humana e responderam a questionário sobre sintomas e condições mórbidas associadas à doença celíaca. O anticorpo antitrans-glutaminase foi pesquisado por técnica de Elisa, considerando-se positivos valores acima de 10 U/mL, conforme estabelecido pelo fabricante. Nos pacientes que tiveram sorologia positiva para o anticorpo antitransglutaminase realizou-se a sorologia para o anticorpo antiendomíseo, por imunofluorescência indireta, utilizando kit comercialmente disponível. RESULTADOS: seiscentos e oitenta e três universitários participaram da pesquisa. Os estudantes tinham entre 18 e 30 anos e mediana de idade de 21 anos. O anticorpo antitransglutaminase foi positivo em 12/683, soroprevalência de 1,76% (IC95%: 0,95-3,13%). O anticorpo antiendomíseo foi realizado em 11 amostras e reagente em quatro. Oito estudantes com sorologia positiva tinham sintomas e/ou condições mórbidas associadas à doença celíaca. CONCLUSÕES: a elevada presença de anticorpos anti-transglutaminase encontrada neste estudo é semelhante a da Europa e Estados Unidos da América, sugere a possibilidade da triagem sorológica mesmo em populações consideradas de baixo risco.
Ajustes nos movimentos de alcançar e apreender objetos: impacto da Síndrome de Down
Authors: Santos Mariana Martins dos , Campos Ana Carolina de , Rocha Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVOS: verificar a influência das propriedades dos objetos nos ajustes realizados por lactentes típicos e com Síndrome de Down (SD) dos quatro aos oito meses de idade ao alcançar e apreender objetos. MÉTODOS: 16 lactentes, avaliados uma vez ao mês dos 4 aos 8 meses, sendo oito típicos e oito com SD. Quatro objetos esféricos (maleável grande, maleável pequeno, rígido grande e rígido pequeno) foram apresentados, e os cinco primeiros movimentos válidos foram registrados para análise das variáveis: ajuste proximal (uni e bimanual), ajuste distal (orientação da palma, abertura da mão) e apreensão do objeto. RESULTADOS: os lactentes típicos apresentaram mais ajuste bimanual para objetos grandes aos seis e oito meses e os com SD aos sete meses. Quanto aos ajustes distais, os lactentes típicos variaram seu comportamento enquanto os com SD apresentaram uso predominante da posição oblíqua. Em geral, o grupo típico apresentou maior sucesso na apreensão dos objetos rígidos e maleável pequeno quando comparados aos lactentes com SD. CONCLUSÕES: Os lactentes com SD apresentaram menor variedade de ajustes o que levou a um menor sucesso na apreensão, possivelmente devido a restrições intrínsecas da SD.
Design, prediction and monitoring of deep fill settlement
Authors: Waddell Peter
Published: July 2012

Creep settlement is an important aspect to consider where development is planned over deep compacted fill. This paper presents a case study of an earthworks design for infilling a quarry pit with sandstone and shale derived material and a comparison of predicted and monitored creep settlements. Laboratory testing was carried out during filling to assess the creep characteristics of available infilling materials. Based on the laboratory testing the influence of saturation on creep rates is discussed. Settlement monitoring points across the infilled quarry were monitored for up to 455 days. Predicted creep rates based on the results of the testing are compared with predictions based on monitoring. Monitored settlements within a few years of fill placement were variable and substantially greater than predictions based on the laboratory testing. Longer term monitoring data indicates that settlements are likely to be less than predictions based on laboratory testing. The results suggest that predictions over 30 years based on laboratory testing are conservative and lie within the normal range of accuracy of geotechnical predictions.
Calculation of the axial bearing capacity of tapered bored piles
Authors: Paik Kyuho , Lee Junhwan , Kim Daehong
Published: July 2012

Fourteen calibration chamber tests were performed on one cylindrical pile and two tapered piles with different taper angles to investigate how the bearing capacity of tapered piles varies in relation to the soil state and the taper angle of the piles. The results show that the ultimate unit base resistance of a tapered pile increases when there is an increase in the mean stress, relative density and taper angle of the pile. The ultimate unit shaft resistance of the pile also increases as the vertical and horizontal stresses, relative density and taper angle increase. The results of the model pile load tests form the basis of a new design method for estimating the bearing capacity of tapered piles in sandy soil. The proposal is based on consideration of how the soil state and taper angle affect the bearing capacity of tapered piles. Field pile load tests were conducted on cylindrical and tapered bored piles in clayey sand to check the accuracy of predictions calculated with the new design method. A comparison of calculated and measured values shows that the new design method produces satisfactory predictions for tapered piles in sandy soil.
Experimental investigation of initiation of backward erosion piping in soils
Authors: RICHARDS K.S. , REDDY K.R.
Published: July 2012

Experiments were conducted on field and laboratory-mixed soils in a new true-triaxial test apparatus to assess factors that influence initiation of piping in non-cohesive and cohesive soils. Three modes of piping behaviour were recognised: concentrated leak erosion, backward erosion, and suffusion. The amount and type of the fines present in the soils significantly influenced the initiation and mode of piping. The presence of non-plastic fines significantly reduced the required seepage velocity to initiate piping (critical seepage velocity), whereas the presence of plastic fines greatly increased the hydraulic gradient required to initiate piping. Concentrated leak erosion occurred along the soil/apparatus interface in soils with plastic fines at very low seepage velocity, but required very high hydraulic gradients. Backward erosion was the primary mode of failure in non-cohesive soils, and this mode required a seepage velocity of 0·8–1·1 cm/s to initiate piping in uniform sand. The critical seepage velocity was found to depend on the magnitude of the stress state, pore pressure, initial void ratio, and seepage direction. It is found that an increase in maximum principal stress and seepage angle and a decrease in void ratio caused an increase in the critical seepage velocity, whereas the minor and intermediate principal stresses did not have a significant influence on piping initiation. However, the influence of intermediate and minor principal stresses may be important for plastic soils prone to hydraulic fracturing. Suffusion was the primary mode of piping in soils that contain very fine non-plastic fines. Initiation of suffusion required seepage velocity an order of magnitude less than that required to induce backward erosion. Once suffusion initiated, it progressed to backward erosion of the soil skeleton at much lower seepage velocity than required for similar soils without non-plastic fines.
Assessing concrete quality in structures through statistical interpretation of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements
Authors: Chatterjee Abhijit , Das Debashis
Published: July 2012

The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test has good potential to be developed into a very useful and inexpensive non-destructive tool for assessing intrinsic concrete properties. The challenge in interpretation of UPV test results is to select statistical tools properly for estimating specific characteristics. Understanding the physical significance of the output of any statistical treatment is important to correlate the mathematical parameter with the physical behaviour of the material. Columns of an aged turbo generator foundation are selected for study in this paper. Conventional statistical methods are employed to analyse the UPV test results and their physical significance is discussed. A new method is proposed to characterise the UPV test results without comprehensive details of conventional statistics. The overall approach adopted in this paper allows the engineer to understand the material quality through UPV testing and characterisation through statistical analysis.
An ant colony optimisation model for traffic counting location problem
Authors: Sun Daniel (Jian) , Chang Yuntao , Zhang Lun
Published: July 2012

Strategic location of traffic counting stations across transportation road networks is theoretically a bi-objective integer optimisation problem. The problem is formulated with the two objectives considered as: (a) a maximum number of origin–destination pairs being separated and (b) a minimum number of traffic counting stations. This research proposed an ant colony optimisation algorithm to solve the traffic counting location problem by explicitly generating the Pareto solutions. Numerical results from two case studies, a small nine-node grid network and a middle-sized modified Sioux Falls network, were provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model, although the initial procedure converges too slowly towards high-quality solutions. By introducing additional suitable intensification mechanisms, the non-dominated solutions can be attained with significantly fewer iterations and ants, which consequently indicates the effectiveness of the system, and further verifies the modelling capability of ant colony optimisation. The performance of the non-dominated solutions can be further investigated and validated using the flow-capturing analysis method.
Variation of Anatomical and Physiological Parameters that Affect Estimates of ACL Loading During Drop Landing
Authors: Kernozek Thomas W , Ragan Robert J , Willson John D , Koehler Chelsey S , Lopez Timothy R
Published: July 2012

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during drop landing has been recently studied with a sagittal plane knee model developed by Kernozek and Ragan using mean anatomical and physiological parameters obtained from cadaveric and clinical data. It is unknown how estimates in ACL load may be altered due to variations in anatomical and physiological parameters used from other research.

Methods:

Using the same model, these parameters were systematically varied, including: tibial slope, moment arms of the patellar tendon, hamstring, and gastrocnemius at the knee and ankle, patellar tendon and hamstring line of force, ACL stiffness, and nonlinear muscle activation parameters. To determine the sensitivity of the model to changes in these parameters, each was varied independently by ±5% and by ranges reported in the literature. Changes in maximum ACL load and shear force components of the patellar tendon, hamstring, and tibio-femoral contact force were calculated from drop landing data of 21 subjects.

Results:

The variation in ACL load during drop landing from its nominal value was largest (-100% to 176%) when extremes in reported tibial slope values were utilized. Variation in the next most important parameter, patellar tendon line of force, affected ACL load by -72% to 88%.

Conclusion:

Variations in tibial slope and patellar tendon line of force had the greatest influence on estimated ACL loading during drop landing. Differences in these parameters between subjects may be just as important to ACL loading as the kinematic and kinetic performance differences observed in landing.
Removal of anionic surfactants by sorption onto Aminated Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Moradi S.E. , Khodaveisy J. , Dashti R.
Published: July 2012

Direct and indirect releases of large quantities of surfactants to the
environment may result in serious health and environmental problems.
Therefore, surfactants should be removed from water before release to the
environment or delivery for public use. In the present work, the removal of
anionic surfactants, benzene sulfonate (BS), p-toluene sulfonate (TS) and
4-octylbenzene sulfonate (OBS) from water by adsorption onto Amino modified
mesoporous carbon (AMC) were studied. The AMC surface chemistry and textural
properties was characterized by nitrogen adsorption, XRD and FT-IR analyses.
Experiments were conducted in batch mode with the variables such as amount of
contact time, solution pH, dose of adsorbent and temperature. Finally, the
adsorption isotherms of anionic surfactants on mesoporous carbon adsorbents
were in agreement with a Langmuir model. AMC has shown higher anionic
surfactants adsorption capacity than the untreated mesoporous carbon, which
can explain by strong interaction between anionic surfactant and cationic
surface of adsorbent.