bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT OF AMBIENT CARBON-14 BY USING THE GEL SUSPENSION COUNTING METHOD
Authors: Chen Qianyuan , Chen Chongyang , Zhuo Weihai
Published: April 2019

For monitoring the ambient 14C, the CaCO3 suspension counting method was established in this work. In the preparation of CaCO3 powder, a two-stage sampler with 3 mol L−1 NaOH absorbent was designed to collect the ambient CO2 at a sampling flow rate of 1 L min−1, and then the CaCO3 was precipitated by adding saturated CaCl2 solution. By using 2 g of CaCO3 powder, 4 mL double-distilled water and 14 mL scintillation cocktail, the lower limit detection could reach 20.0 mBq m−3 by using a commercially available low background liquid scintillation counter. Co-comparison experiments showed that the activity concentration of 14C measured by the gel suspension counting method consisted well with the results of other three methods. It indicates that the CaCO3 suspension counting method is also a practical method for routine monitoring of ambient 14C.
DOMESTIC RADON EXPOSURE AND CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN CANADA
Authors: Chen Jing , Xie Lin
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we revisit the possibility, first raised using a data set collected in the 1970s, that there is a link between average radon concentrations and the incidence of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma in Canada. Following the launch of the National Radon Program in 2007, Health Canada completed a long-term radon survey in 33 census metropolitan areas (CMAs), which covers about 70% of the Canadian population. We used this data, together with leukaemia and lymphoma incidence rates among children (0–14 years of age) in the past decade (2006–15), and tried to link the city-level average radon concentrations to the leukaemia and lymphoma incidence rates in 33 major Canadian cities. Analyses were conducted for six subtypes (ALL, AML, CMD, HL, NHL and BL) of leukaemia and lymphoma. Estimated doses to red bone marrow from domestic radon exposure were low and we did not find any association between radon exposure at home and the increased risk for developing leukaemia among children under 15 years of age living in the CMAs. The results indicate a slight positive association for AML among 1–4 year males in CMAs of Peer Group C and NHL among 5–9 year females in CMAs of Peer Group A; however, these should be interpreted with caution owing to the crude exposure assessment and possibilities of other confounding factors.
RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN DWELLING OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Nugraha Eka Djatnika , Wahyudi Kusdiana , Iskandar Dadong
Published: April 2019

Determination radon concentrations in dwelling in South of Kalimantan Province by using a passive method had been conducted. South Kalimantan is a province in Indonesia and also known as a coal mining area which has the potential for internal exposure of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) to the human. The research area divided into several sections called grid. Each grid represents a 60 km × 60 km area that installed passive radon monitoring 10 population. Passive radon monitors installed in the dwelling with exposures time approximately 3–4 months and then radon monitors were collected and brought to the laboratory for processing and then read the track to calculate the radon concentrations. The data concentrations of radon in the dwelling and GPS location as an input to the make a map of radon concentration by using MapInfo Software v.10.5. The results of the analysis of the concentration of radon in the dwelling of South Kalimantan in the ranged 3.1 ± 0.2 Bq m−3 up to 94.0 ± 6.7 Bq m−3. The result was lower than the reference level radon set by UNSCEAR was 300 Bq m−3. These data are useful in the development plans and regional development, as well as the basis for health policy analysis due to radon in Indonesia. Furthermore, these data will be the contribution of Indonesia in the international world through UNSCEAR, IAEA and WHO. The data obtained as an input in making a map of the concentration of radon in houses of Kalimantan Selatan as part of the map of the concentration of radon in Indonesia.
ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN MAIZE AND ESTIMATION OF CONCOMITANT DOSE TO NIGERIAN VIA INGESTION PATHWAY
Authors: Yarima Mudassir H , Khandaker M U , Nadhiya A , Olatunji M A
Published: April 2019

Uranium, thorium and potassium are the most abundant naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) found in soils and other environmental media including foodstuffs. Since the human exposures to NORMs is an unavoidable phenomenon, in such a way that they can easily find their way to human being via food chain, detailed knowledge on their presence in foodstuffs is necessary to assess the radiation dose to the population. Thus, the present study concerns the assessment of natural radioactivity in maize, a staple foodstuff for Nigerian, via HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry. Activity concentrations (Bq/kg) in the maize samples were found to be in the range of 6.1 ± 0.6–8.2 ± 1.3, 2.2 ± 0.4–5.1 ± 0.7 and 288 ± 16–401 ± 24 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Measured data for 226Ra and 232Th show below the world average values of 67 Bq/kg and 82 Bq/kg, respectively, while the activity of 40K exceeds the global average of 310 Bq/kg. The annual effective dose via the maize consumption was found to be far below the UNSCEAR recommended ingestion dose limit of 290 μSv/y, and the estimated lifetime cancer risk show lower than the ICRP (1991) cancer risk factor of 2.5 × 10−3 based on the additional annual dose limit of 1 mSv for general public, thus pose no adverse health risk to the Nigerian populace.
Boris Peter Stoicheff. 1 June 1924—15 April 2010
Authors: van Driel Henry M.
Published: April 2019

Boris Stoicheff was a pioneer in the use of high-resolution Raman spectroscopy at the National Research Council of Canada to elucidate the structural properties of molecules. He was also one of the first scientists to apply lasers to spectroscopy, investigating spontaneous and stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering in liquids and solids at the University of Toronto. He later extended the range of tunable coherent sources into the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) regions down to 80 nm, allowing investigations of electronic states and their lifetimes for rare gas dimers. He authored 190 research and review articles as well as a biography of his postdoctoral mentor and later his senior colleague, Gerhard Herzberg. He used his keen insight, warm personality and strong personal skills to serve the scientific community in numerous administrative roles, including terms as president of the Canadian Association of Physicists and the Optical Society of America. His 24 PhD graduates and more than 20 postdoctoral fellows and visitors, all of whom benefitted from his strong mentoring skills and high standards, have gone on to prominent positions in academia, government and industry.
Design of quasibrittle materials and structures to optimize strength and scaling at probability tail: an apercu
Authors: Bažant Zdeněk P.
Published: April 2019

The objective in materials or structure design has been to maximize the mean strength. However, as generally agreed, engineering structures, such as bridges, aircraft or microelectromechanical systems must be designed for tail probability of failure less than 10−6per lifetime. But this objective is not the same. Indeed, a quasibrittle material or structure with a superior mean strength can have, for the same coefficient of variation, an inferior strength at the less than 10−6tail. This tail is unreachable by histogram testing. So, one needs a rational theory, physically based and experimentally verified indirectly, which is feasible by size effect. Focusing on the results at the writer's home institution, this inaugural article (written three yearsex post facto) reviews recent results towards this goal, concerned with quasibrittle materials such as concretes, rocks, tough ceramics, fibre composites, bone and most materials on the micrometer scale. The theory is anchored at the atomic scale because only on that scale the failure probability is known—it is given by the frequency of breakage of bonds, governed by the activation energy barriers in the transition rate theory. An analytical way to scale it up to the macroscale representative volume element (RVE) has been found. Structures obeying the weakest-link model are considered but, for quasibrittle failures, the number of links, each corresponding to one RVE, must be considered as finite. The result is a strength probability distribution transiting from Weibullian to Gaussian, depending on the structure size. The Charles-Evans and Paris laws for subcritical crack growth under static and cyclic fatigue are also derived from the transition-rate theory. This yields a size-dependent Gauss–Weibull distribution of lifetime. Close agreement with numerous published test data is achieved. Discussed next are new results on materials with a well-defined microscale architecture, particularly biomimetic imbricated (or staggered) lamellar materials, exemplified by nacre, a material of astonishing mean strength compared to its constituents. This architecture is idealized as a diagonally pulled fishnet, which is shown to be amenable to an analytical solution of the strength probability distribution. The solution is verified by million Monte Carlo simulations for each of the fishnets of various shapes and sizes. In addition to the classical weakest-link and the fibre-bundle models, the fishnet is found to be the third strength probability model that is amenable to an analytical solution. The nacreous architecture is shown to provide an additional major (greater than 100%) strengthening at the 10−6failure probability tail. Finally, it is emphasized that the most important consequence of the quasibrittleness, and also the most effective way of calibrating the 10−6tail, is the size effect on the mean structural strength, which permeates all formulations.
Potential role of heat shock protein 90 in regulation of hyperthermia-driven differentiation of neural stem cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhuo Yi , He Zhengwen , Xia Ying , Lu Ming
Published: April 2019

Objective

Our previous studies indicated that hyperthermia may play a role in differentiation of neural stem cells and that hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) was critical in this process. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the most common heat-related proteins and involved in HIF-1 expression by regulating its activity and stabilization. Here, we hypothesized that HSP90 may be involved in regulation of hyperthermia-driven differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs). We also investigated whether the HSP90 activity exert its regulatory action via HIF-1 pathway and the transcriptional level of the target genes of HIF-1.

Method

The cultured NSCs were divided into three groups: an hyperthermic treatment group(40NSC) which NSCs was induced under 40°C temperature; a control group(37NSC) which NSCs was induced under 37°C temperature; an hyperthermic treatment and HSP90-inhibited group(40NSC+GA) which NSCs was induced with 0.5μM HSP90 inhibitor Geldanamycin(GA) under 40°C temperature. We examined cells HSPa and HIF-1a expression during a time window of 5 days(12h, 1d, 3d, 5d) post-differentiation. The expression HSPα, HIF-1α, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and erythmpoietin(EPO) of during a time window was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The proportion of Tuj-1 positive differentiated cells were observed by flow cytometry.

Result

Hyperthermia promoted neuronal differentiation of NSC, and this effect could be blocked by HSP90 inhibitor GA. We observed the up-regulation of HSP90 during hyperthermia treatment, and that the protein levels of HIF-1α changed depending of the GA treatment. GA could not inhibited HSP90α expression but suppressed HSP activity and decreased the expression HIF-1α protein. Inhibition of HIF-1α expression by GA could consequently affect expression of its targeted genes such as VEGF and EPO.

Conclusion

Hyperthermia promote differentiation of NSCs into neurons. HSP90 involved in the regulation of hyperthermia-driven differentiation of NSC, and the mechanism is related to HIF-1α and its downstream gene activation.
Drivers and inhibitors of national stakeholder engagement with place brand identity
Authors: Casidy Riza , Helmi Jessica , Bridson Kerrie
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the factors that drive and inhibit national stakeholder organisations’ engagement with an established an umbrella place brand identity (PBI) in the context of country branding, during the PBI implementation stage.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a case study approach to examine Australia’s current country brand identity initiative: Australia Unlimited, as an example of PBI. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with senior executives (n = 39) representing 30 Australian national organisation stakeholders across a range of sectors (i.e. government agencies, public and private organisations and industry associations).

Findings

The tension between the PBI and the brand identity of the stakeholders’ own organisation was an emergent finding at the heart of potential disengagement. Moreover, stakeholders’ perception of the leadership of the organisation managing the place brand plays a key role in influencing their engagement with PBI.

Research limitations/implications

The findings contribute to place marketing theory by identifying drivers and inhibitors of stakeholders’ engagement that originated from the PBI itself (PBI-centred factors) and from the stakeholder organisations (stakeholder-centred factors).

Practical implications

The findings provide a practical framework for place brand managing organisations to foster stakeholders’ engagement during the implementation stage of a PBI initiative.

Originality/value

Place branding research to date has focussed primarily on resident stakeholders’ engagement in the development of PBI initiatives. This paper contributes to knowledge by proposing a framework that encompasses the drivers and inhibitors of national stakeholder organisations’ engagement with PBI during its implementation phase.
The impact of board gender diversity on corporate social responsibility in the Arab Gulf states
Authors: Issa Ayman , Fang Hong-Xing
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of board gender diversity on the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the Arab Gulf states. Also, this research further aims to explore whether the impact of board gender diversity varies across the Arab Gulf states.

Design/methodology/approach

Ordinary least squares regression is used in this study to test the impact of board gender diversity on the level of CSR disclosure. Manual content analysis is used to evaluate the extent of CSR disclosure in annual reports, stand-alone CSR reports, sustainability reports and website sections to examine the relationship between the extent of CSR reporting and board gender diversity. This study uses the global reporting initiative (GRI) fourth version reporting guidelines to design and define the classifications of CSR reporting checklist.

Findings

The findings show that there is a statistically significant relationship between the number of female directors and the level of CSR disclosure. The results show that board gender diversity is positively associated with the level of CSR reporting in two countries, namely, Bahrain and Kuwait. Also, the findings reveal that there is a weak positive relationship between the presence of women on the boards and CSR reporting index in Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

Originality/value

This study attempts to fill the gap in the literature, in that no similar study covers the Arab Gulf countries as one economic unit. The study is unique in that it focuses on oil-rich countries. This study is, to the best of this researcher’s knowledge, the first to explore the impact of women’s boards on the extent of CSR reporting, as well as investigating the possible variation of board gender diversity impact on the extent of CSR reporting in the Arabian Gulf region.
Determinants of the decision to adopt Islamic finance: evidence from Oman
Authors: Al Balushi Yasmeen , Locke Stuart , Boulanouar Zakaria
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) capital structure and financial policies are important areas of policy concern. Only a limited number of studies on capital structure have, however, been conducted on SMEs, and this deficiency is particularly evident when investigating what influences funding decisions around Islamic finance. This paper accordingly aims to investigate whether Omani SME owner-managers’ intention to adopt Islamic finance is influenced by their knowledge of Islamic finance, their own characteristics and/or their firms’ characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors administered a questionnaire survey via face-to-face interviews to 385 SME owner-managers operating in Muscat, Oman’s capital city. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) non-parametric test was used to analyse the questionnaire survey data.

Findings

The findings indicate that while SME owner-managers’ Islamic financial knowledge and personal characteristics do influence their intention to adopt Islamic finance, their firms’ characteristics have no significant influence on SME owner-managers’ decisions to accede to Islamic financing.

Research limitations/implications

The research’s first limitation is that it gathered data from SME owner-managers in Muscat only. Future studies could survey a wider sample of Omani SME owner-managers. Second, the study’s findings cannot be generalised to large and public firms, as the sample includes owner-managers of SMEs only. Finally, there is a need to investigate other factors such as nonfinancial and behavioural factors, which were not explored in the present study, but which may influence SME owner-managers’ Islamic financial decisions.

Originality/value

Theoretical and empirical studies on capital structure have focused primarily on large listed firms. Only a few studies have paid attention to the capital structure of SMEs, particularly in the context of an emerging market such as Oman. This gap in the literature is mostly evident when investigating the factors that influence the funding decision towards Islamic financing in a country, such as Oman, where Islamic finance represents a new banking sector offering.
Rent-seeking behaviour and ẓulm (injustice/exploitation) beyond ribā-interest equation
Authors: Farooq Mohammad Omar
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of rent-seeking behaviour and rentier state in the context of ẓulm (injustice and exploitation), which is one of the key concerns in Islam in general and Islamic economics and finance in particular.

Design/methodology/approach

As a conceptual paper, it draws on the literature of rent-seeking as part of public choice theory and examines the potential vulnerabilities as well as existence of rent-seeking in Muslim-majority countries, where Islamic finance industry primarily operates.

Findings

The paper identifies several areas where both actual and potential rent-seeking exists.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is conceptual. Based on the analysis presented here further studies can be undertaken to determine the scope of rent-seeking and their impact in Muslim-majority societies.

Practical implications

Incorporating rent-seeking in the theoretical and conceptual framework of Islamic economics and finance can enhance understanding about ẓulm and its ubiquitous presence, as Islam has a firm stance to aspire to have a ẓulm-free society.

Social implications

Understanding rent-seeking behaviour can help appreciate why corruption, inequality and poverty are so entrenched, and why limiting the discourse to ribā (interest) ignores the broader scope of injustice and exploitation.

Originality/value

This might be the first focused paper that conceptually deals with rent-seeking behaviour, connecting the discourse about ribā-interest equation.
Temperature characteristics analysis of axial piston pump port plate pair
Authors: Wang Zhaoqiang , Cheng Jun , Ji Hong , Hu Shan , Chen Hao
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of single parameters for temperature characteristics of oil film in port plate pair and the relationship of calculated results and experimental results under different viscosity.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper established the mathematical model of oil film of port plate pair, calculated the energy equation of port plate pair, simulated for the oil film and temperature distribution and selected different kinds of lubricants to analyze the calculated value and the experimental value.

Findings

The results show: temperature rise of port plate pair is reduced with the increase of oil viscosity; temperature rise of port plate pair is decreased with rise of initial oil film thickness; temperature rise of port plate pair is increased with the rise of cylinder body speed, inclination angle and sealing belt width; and through the comparison of calculated value and experimental value, under the same viscosity and cylinder speed, experimental results are bigger.

Originality/value

This paper used the methods that the temperature of port plate pair was calculated numerically, and the results were consistent with experimental results, so it can get high precision.
An investigation of the relation between ownership structure and management control in professional service organisations
Authors: King Robyn , Clarkson Peter
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This study aims to examine the interplay between ownership structure (organisational form) and management control system (MCS) design as governance structures within Australian primary health-care organisations (PHOs), seeking support for the suggestion that professional services will be most efficiently and effectively provided in organisations that have internal governance that is matched to their ownership form.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is based on a series of in-depth investigations into the MCS choices made by seven Australian PHOs. Arguing that the degree of information impactedness is inversely related to the level of general practitioner (GP) ownership, organisations where more than 50 per cent of the GPs working within the practice are owners are classified as “high ownership” (“low information impactedness”). The adoption by high-performing organisations of their predicted MCS archetype according to Speklé’s development is then interpreted as representing empirical support.

Findings

The findings provide uniform support for the importance of the match between ownership structure and internal governance mechanisms. As predicted, the two high-performing, high member-owned organisations reported MCS resembling exploratory archetypes, the three high-performing, low member-owned organisations reported MCS consistent with a boundary archetype and the two low-performing organisations reported little emphasis on any control.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides evidence of the importance of the appropriate match between ownership structure and internal governance mechanisms for PHOs.

Practical implications

This study has potential to assist managers, owners and advisors to optimise MCS design in professional services organisations where there is heterogeneous ownership by professionals.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few attempts to provide empirical support for the assertion of the importance of a match between ownership structure and MCS design. It also represents one of the few attempts to provide empirical support for Speklé’s (2001) control archetypes, here the boundary and exploratory archetypes, archetypes that are applicable within important sectors of the economy, notably the professional services sector.
Understanding technology mediation and new service provider roles in health care
Authors: Daskalopoulou Athanasia , Keeling Kathy , Pritchard Jones Rowan
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Service research holds that as services become more technology dominated, new service provider roles emerge. On a conceptual level, the potential impact of different roles has been discussed with regard to service provider readiness, job performance and overall experience. However, as yet, there is sparse empirical support for these conceptual interpretations. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the new service provider roles that emerge due to the increase of technology mediation in services.

Design/methodology/approach

This study follows a qualitative methodology. Insights are drawn from in-depth interviews with 32 junior and senior health-care service providers (across 12 specialties) and 5 information governance/management staff.

Findings

This analysis illustrates that new service provider roles include those of the enabler, differentiator, innovator, coordinator and sense-giver. By adopting these roles, health-care service providers reveal that they can encourage, support and advance technology mediation in services across different groups/audiences within their organizations (e.g. service delivery level, peer-to-peer level, organizational level). This paper further shows the relationships between these new service provider roles.

Originality/value

This study contributes to theory in technology-mediated services by illustrating empirically the range of activities that constitute each role. It also complements prior work by identifying that service providers adopt the additional role of sense-giver. Finally, this paper provides an understanding of how by taking on these roles service providers can encourage, support and advance technology mediation in services across different groups/audiences in their organization.
Optimal re-allocation of mooring areas for yachts
Authors: Wang Shuaian , Yan Ran , Wu Lingxiao , Yang Dong
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a mathematical optimization model to solve the yacht mooring area re-allocation problem (YMARP). The objective of the problem is to allow the maximum number of yachts to be moored at their ideal mooring areas.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the YMARP is introduced, formally defined and discussed. The authors develop a 0-1 integer programing optimization model for the problem, which can be solved efficiently using off-shelf solvers. The performance of the model is tested on extensive numerical experiments.

Findings

The results of the numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed model can solve the YMARP very efficiently using off-shelf solvers like CPLEX. In particular, problems with up to 30,000 yachts and 400 mooring areas can be solved to optimum within 30 s.

Originality/value

This study is one of the preliminary studies to consider problems arising in yacht management in a quantitative manner. The proposed model has three main merits. First, it enables the government to better manage yachts and mooring areas. Second, with more yacht owners assigned with ideal mooring areas, the model helps reduce the traveling time of the yacht owners to yacht mooring areas. Third, by reducing the traveling time of the yacht owners, the model contributes to lessening the traffic burden in cities.
The impact of Brexit on designing a material-based global supply chain network for Asian manufacturers
Authors: Nakamura Kengo , Yamada Tetsuo , Tan Kim Hua
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate effects on global supply chain reconfigured in the customs duty rate of parts and specific material types brought about by Brexit and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).

Design/methodology/approach

The supply chain network is modeled and formulated using mixed integer programming. Numerical experiments are conducted using bill of materials with information such as the procurement cost of each part, 3D-CAD and an industry census.

Findings

The experiments indicates that if the customs duty rate increases by Brexit, manufacturers would be necessary to restructure supply chain configuration and locate the domestic factory and market. Additionally, when the UK leaves the EU and joins the TPP, there is a case where the total cost decreases in the global supply chain network compared to the baseline without Brexit. Therefore, it is reasonable for the UK to join the TPP.

Practical implications

The study shows how new trading rules from non-partnership countries can critically disrupt existing global supply chain equilibrium. Asian manufacturers should evaluate a move to more local sourcing, opening new facilities and setting up warehouses to stock finished goods or raw materials in different trading areas to overcome any barriers to the goods movement.

Originality/value

This study enables us to quantitatively evaluate what there are opportunities or cost increasing risks by the selection of supply chain configuration for Asian manufacturers by political and economic factors of each country, such as Brexit and participation in TPP.
Theoretical prediction of residual stresses induced by cold spray with experimental validation
Authors: Boruah Dibakor , Zhang Xiang , Doré Matthew
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple analytical model for predicting the through-thickness distribution of residual stresses in a cold spray (CS) deposit-substrate assembly.

Design/methodology/approach

Layer-by-layer build-up of residual stresses induced by both the peening dominant and thermal mismatch dominant CS processes, taking into account the force and moment equilibrium requirements. The proposed model has been validated with the neutron diffraction measurements, taken from the published literature for different combinations of deposit-substrate assemblies comprising Cu, Mg, Ti, Al and Al alloys.

Findings

Through a parametric study, the influence of geometrical variables (number of layers, substrate height and individual layer height) on the through-thickness residual stress distribution and magnitude are elucidated. Both the number of deposited layers and substrate height affect residual stress magnitude, whereas the individual layer height has little effect. A good agreement has been achieved between the experimentally measured stress distributions and predictions by the proposed model.

Originality/value

The proposed model provides a more thorough explanation of residual stress development mechanisms by the CS process along with mathematical representation. Comparing to existing analytical and finite element methods, it provides a quicker estimation of the residual stress distribution and magnitude. This paper provides comparisons and contrast of the two different residual stress mechanisms: the peening dominant and the thermal mismatch dominant. The proposed model allows parametric studies of geometric variables, and can potentially contribute to CS process optimisation aiming at residual stress control.
EdD students’ identity development in a Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate program
Authors: Buss Ray R.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to describe how a Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate-guided EdD program has fostered the development of leadership and research skills and strong identities as learners, leaders and researching professionals (RPs) among its graduates. In doing so, the researchers explored students’ identities as learners, leaders and RPs and examined the development of those identities over a three-year period.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method approach was used, including pre- and post-program surveys and interviews.

Findings

The results showed students enhanced or developed these identities over time. In particular, there was substantial growth and change in the “RP” identity as compared to development of the “learner” and “leader” identities.

Research limitations/implications

The possible-selves theory and the provisional-selves framework (P/PS) were helpful in accounting for these changes as the program requirements fostered students’ efforts in elaborating and developing their identity roles. Further, examination of P/PS and their influence on identity development is warranted. For example, examining outcomes about more explicit use of P/PS and reflections on P/PS is warranted. See next section.

Practical implications

There are implications for teaching of EdD students such as faculty members making more explicit the concept of P/PS during instruction and in the work required of students. Additionally, students could be required to engage in reflection on P/PS to make this process more concrete for them.

Originality/value

Using P/PS provides a way to understand and foster processes underlying doctoral students’ identity development.
Field and numerical analysis on effect of axial load on the lateral response of a pile
Authors: Tandel Yogendra , Vesmawala Gaurang
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Piles often carry combination of axial and lateral. Currently, piles are designed separately for axial and lateral load. In the literature, few information is available on the influence of axial load on lateral behaviour of the pile. This paper aims to present the results of load deformation of a pile under pure lateral load and combined axial and lateral load.

Design/methodology/approach

The field load tests were carried out on four different pile diameters at two different bridge sites. Moreover, the paper addresses the numerical simulation of filed load test carried out on the pile under the combination of axial and horizontal load.

Findings

After field load tests and numerical simulation, it was found that the vertical load had a remarkable effect on the lateral load response of a pile. The lateral deflection of the pile was decreased about 25% under the effect of vertical load. In addition to this, the results from field and numerical simulation are quite comparable.

Originality/value

Typical field load tests were simulated numerically. This research adds a value in the areas of pile foundation subjected to vertical and lateral load particularly for structure such as transmission line tower and jetty.
Ambulance diversions following public hospital emergency department closures
Authors: Hsuan Charleen , Hsia Renee Y. , Horwitz Jill R. , Ponce Ninez A. , Rice Thomas , Needleman Jack
Published: April 2019

Objective

To examine whether hospitals are more likely to temporarily close their emergency departments (EDs) to ambulances (through ambulance diversions) if neighboring diverting hospitals are public vs private.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Ambulance diversion logs for California hospitals, discharge data, and hospital characteristics data from California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and the American Hospital Association (2007).

Study Design

We match public and private (nonprofit or for‐profit) hospitals by distance and size. We use random‐effects models examining diversion probability and timing of private hospitals following diversions by neighboring public vs matched private hospitals.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

N/A.

Principal Findings

Hospitals are 3.6 percent more likely to declare diversions if neighboring diverting hospitals are public vs private (P < 0.001). Hospitals declaring diversions have lower ED occupancy (P < 0.001) after neighboring public (vs private) hospitals divert. Hospitals have 4.2 percent shorter diversions if neighboring diverting hospitals are public vs private (P < 0.001). When the neighboring hospital ends its diversion first, hospitals terminate diversions 4.2 percent sooner if the neighboring hospital is public vs private (P = 0.022).

Conclusions

Sample hospitals respond differently to diversions by neighboring public (vs private) hospitals, suggesting that these hospitals might be strategically declaring ambulance diversions to avoid treating low‐paying patients served by public hospitals.
Making rural health care better: How to attract interns to rural hospital
Authors: Feigin Eugene , Ronen Ohad
Published: April 2019

Objective

We examined the factors that influence medical school graduates’ choices for the place of internship, so that they can guide policy‐makers to attract interns to rural hospitals.

Design

A national survey.

Setting

Rural and metropoles of Israel.

Participants

Three‐hundred‐and‐thirty‐nine interns who did their internships during the years 2016‐2018.

Main outcome measure

The participants completed a web survey. We used the results of this survey to deduce which factors were influential in helping the interns choose a hospital for their year of internship.

Results

We received 339 questionnaires from medical school graduates of years 2015‐2017. We found that the most influential factors in attracting interns to rural hospital internships are the availability of desired residency and exposure to a rural curriculum in medical school. This far outweighed any economic or life quality incentives. In addition, we found that the exposure to rural hospitals during the medical school years increases the likelihood of choosing an internship in a rural hospital.

Conclusions

The most important factor for choosing a hospital for internship is the availability of lucrative residencies. Thus, we believe the best way to attract good interns would be to make the desired residency positions available for them. Furthermore, it might be more successful to target either students who have studied in a university affiliated with rural hospital rotations or graduates of universities outside of the country.
Carotid intima‐media thickness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and survival: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Gulbas Gazi , Turan Onur , Sarioglu Nurhan , Diken Ozlem Ercen , Ogan Nalan , Ekbic Kadioglu Esra , Kurtipek Ercan , Bozkus Fulsen , Yilmaz Demirci Nilgün , Coskun Beyan Ayşe , Mutlu Levent Cem , Sahin Duyar Sezgi , Deniz Sami , Fazlioglu Nevin , Sengul Aysun , Tanriverdi Hakan , Okutan Oğuzhan , Turan Pakize Ayse , İnonu Handan , Ortakoylu Mediha Gonenc , Lakadamyali Huseyin , Kivanc Tulay , Atli̇ Ozgur , Özdemir Ozer , Filiz Koşar A. , Mirici Arzu , Suerdem Mecit
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) is a noninvasive method assessing atherosclerosis.

Objective

It was aimed to determine relationship and survival between COPD and CIMT.

Methods

CIMT was measured using Doppler ultrasound (USG) in 668 stable COPD patients at 24 centers. Patients were followed‐up for 2 years.

Results

There were 610 patients who completed the study. There were 200 patients CIMT with <0.78 mm (group 1), and 410 with CIMT ≥ 0.78 mm (group 2). There was a significant difference at the parameters of age, gender, smoking load, biomass exposure, GOLD groups and degree of airway obstruction (FEV1) between groups 1 and 2. Our results revealed positive correlations between mean CIMT and age, smoking load (pack‐years), biomass exposure (years), exacerbation rate (last year), duration of hypertension (years) and cholesterol level; negative correlations between CIMT and FEV1 (P < 0.05). According to logistic regression model, compared with group A, risk of CIMT increase was 2.2‐fold in group B, 9.7‐fold in group C and 4.4‐fold in group D (P < 0.05). Risk of CIMT increase was also related with cholesterol level (P < 0.05). Compared with infrequent exacerbation, it was 2.8‐fold in the patients with frequent exacerbation (P < 0.05). The mean survival time was slightly higher in group 1, but not significant (23.9 vs 21.8 months) (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study is the first regarding CIMT with combined GOLD assessment groups. It has revealed important findings supporting the increase in atherosclerosis risk in COPD patients. We recommend Doppler USG of the carotid artery in COPD patients at severe stages.
Long‐term results of desensitization protocol with and without rituximab in sensitized kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Green Hefziba , Nesher Eviatar , Aizner Sigal , Israeli Moshe , Klein Tirza , Zakai Hana , Rahamimov Ruth , Rozen‐Zvi Benaya , Mor Eytan
Published: April 2019

Background

Desensitization protocols have been developed in order to overcome the immunological barrier of donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA).

Methods

During 2006‐2012, we implemented a program for desensitizing sensitized (positive DSA, negative NIH‐CDC crossmatch) living‐donor recipients. The long‐term outcome of 36 sensitized recipients, treated with IVIG and plasmapheresis (PP), with or without rituximab (added when > 7500 MFI), was compared to 252 non‐sensitized living‐donor recipients.

Results

Median peak DSA level before desensitization was 7223 (range 3567‐16 000) MFI. During a mean follow‐up of 121.9 months, graft loss occurred in 6/36 (17%) of the sensitized and 15/251 (6%) of the non‐sensitized recipients (P = 0.021). Five‐year and 10‐year death‐censored graft survival rates were 85% and 81% compared to 95% and 92%, respectively, for the non‐sensitized recipients. There was no difference in recipients’ survival. Slightly more episodes of acute rejection occurred in the sensitized group but had not influence on graft survival. At the last follow‐up, 28 recipients had functioning graft; seventeen (47%) did not have detectable DSA. Eleven recipients had excellent graft function despite having detectable DSA.

Conclusion

The long‐term outcomes of sensitized recipients who underwent desensitization are encouraging. Adding rituximab to PP + IVIG in candidates with very high titers may result in improved outcome.
Land, Law and Courts in India: Tracing Land Rights Debates through Processes of Judicial Decision Making
Authors: Sinha Meenakshi
Published: April 2019

The pace of industrial and allied infrastructure development in India is encumbered by scarcity in the supply of land. As a result, the state in India has frequently resorted to expropriation of land through conversion of land away from its traditional uses and through displacement of communities. Consequently, land acquisition in the country is mired in disputes over human rights and environmental rights violations. In the face of continued political support for infrastructure‐led development in India, those who stand to lose their land have often resorted to judicial recourse for pressing their rights. This article draws on empirical evidence from court cases related to two urban development projects in the states of Karnataka and Kerala to examine how courts have responded to the question of violation of land rights and appeals against land acquisition for the two projects. The author argues that the courts, while responding to the claims against the two projects, have refrained from holding the implementing agencies or the state governments accountable even in cases where there were recognizable incidents of malfeasance. The article illustrates that the inability of the courts to confront the state lends a tacit assent to the development agenda of the state.
Pupillometry reveals communication‐induced object expectations in 12‐ but not 8‐month‐old infants
Authors: Pätzold Wiebke , Liszkowski Ulf
Published: April 2019

Several interaction‐based and looking‐time studies suggest that 1‐year‐old infants understand the referential nature of deictic gestures. However, these studies have not unequivocally established that referential gestures induce object expectations in infants prior to encountering a referent object, and have thus remained amenable to simpler attentional highlighting interpretations. The current study tested whether nonlinguistic referential communication induces object expectations in infants by using a novel pupil dilation paradigm. In Experiment 1, 12‐month‐olds watched videos of a protagonist who either pointed communicatively toward an occluder in front of her or remained still. At test, the occluder opened to reveal one of two outcomes: an empty surface or a toy. Results showed that infants’ pupils were larger for the unexpected outcome of an empty surface following a point compared to the control condition (an empty surface following no point). These differences were not caused by differences in looking times or directions. In Experiment 2, an attention‐directing nonsocial control cue replaced the referential communication. The cue did direct 12‐month‐olds’ attention to the occluder, but it did not induce an object expectation. In Experiment 3, we tested 8‐month‐olds in the setting of Experiment 1. In contrast to 12‐month‐olds, 8‐month‐olds did not reveal object expectations following communication. Findings demonstrate that communicative pointing acts induce object expectations at 12 months of age, but not at 8 months of age, and that these expectations are specific to a referential‐communicative as opposed to an attention‐directing nonsocial cue.
A review of normal radiographical variants commonly mistaken for pathological findings in horses
Authors: Hinkle F. E. , Johnson S. A. , Selberg K. T. , Barrett M. F.
Published: April 2019

A normal variant is an atypical finding present in a percentage of the population that generally has no clinical significance and is considered within the spectrum of normal findings. Normal variants are recognised upon gross anatomical dissection and also observed radiographically. Understanding the range of normal variants is essential for proper radiographical interpretation. This ensures that these variants are not mistaken for pathological lesions and helps avoid radiographical misdiagnosis. Common sites of normal anatomical variation in the foot, pastern, carpus, tarsus, elbow, shoulder and axial skeleton are reviewed.
Dynamic framework to mining Internet of Things for multimedia services
Authors: Khamayseh Yaser , Mardini Wail , Atwood J. William , Aldwairi Monther
Published: April 2019

The rapid and unprecedented technological advancements are currently dominated by two technologies. At one hand, we witness the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the next evolution of the Internet. At the other hand, we witness a vast spread of social networks that connects people together socially and opens the door for people to share and express ideas, thoughts, and information. IoT is overpopulated by a vast number of objects, millions of multimedia services, and interactions. Therefore, the search of the right object that can provide the specific multimedia service is considered as an important issue. The merge of these two technologies resulted in new paradigm called Social IoT (SIoT). The main idea in SIoT is that every object can mine IoT in search for certain multimedia service. We investigate the issue of friends' management in SIoT and propose a framework to manage friends' requests. The proposed framework employs several mechanisms to better manage friends' relationships. The proposed framework consists of friend selection, friendship removal, and an update module. It proposes a weight‐based algorithm and Naïve Bayes Classifier‐based algorithm for the selection component. Moreover, a random service allocation model is proposed to construct service‐specific network model. This model is then used in the simulation setup to examine the performance of different friends' management algorithms. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation under different scenarios. The obtained simulation results show improvement over other strategies in terms of average degree of connections, average path length, local cluster coefficients, and throughput.