bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Material Properties of Aged Steel Exposed to the Arctic Environment
Authors: Wen Feng , Bond James , Cheung T. O. , Noble Peter
Published: October 2018

As the oil and gas industry and international shipping companies push their assets into high latitude marine environments, it is important to thoroughly understand the performance of construction materials exposed to extremely low temperature and / or subjected to high ice loads. In the past, the design considerations have addressed the uncertainty in these areas by adopting conservative approaches. While proven effective, there exists a need for additional testing to gain insight into the safety margin levels that have been implicitly included. The work presented has the potential to lead to a better understanding of how steel materials behave in long-term Arctic conditions.

This paper presents the results of mechanical property tests of aged steel samples from the Kulluk, an ice-class rated drilling barge. This barge was exposed to the Arctic environment for almost 30 years. The Kulluk was built in Japan in 1983, specifically for exploration drilling operations in the Arctic environment. When the barge was scrapped in 2014, hull steel was selectively harvested. The intent was to conduct tests to better understand the behavior of shipbuilding steels that have endured long-term exposure to Arctic environments.

As an initial project phase, four sample groups of hull plate, from four different locations of the barge (one below the waterline, one in the ice belt region and two above the ice belt), were chosen for testing. The laboratory tests included tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and hardness tests. The test results indicate that the yield strengths, ultimate strengths, toughness and hardness of the aged steels continue to satisfy the ABS Rules requirements. A degradation assessment of these samples was also performed using these testing results and the limited data available as tracked from the barge's construction stage.

It is observed that the yield strengths and ultimate strengths remain consistent within the scatter of original or time period data. With respect to Charpy toughness values no conclusions concerning degradation can be made conclusively as the scatter in the data is substantial, especially at low temperatures. The steel in this study that has aged in the Arctic environment appears to maintain its original mechanical properties.

Based on the study presented in this paper, further studies could be performed such as additional sample tests to increase the reliability of results, material properties test for steel samples with butt/fillet welds to understand the variation of the heat affected zone (HAZ) and Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) tests to get a better understanding of the material toughness.
Use of Environmental Data to Estimate Polar Waters Operational Window
Authors: Bond J. , Oldford D.
Published: October 2018

The IMO Polar Code requires operators to consider the hazards associated with the specific environment of operation in Polar waters. Various sources of climate and environmental data are publicly available to quantify environmental hazards. This study considers an example Ice Class IB ship, that is not intended to operate in low air temperature (as defined in the Polar Code), and not intended to operate in marine icing conditions. Considering these hazard limitations in concert with analysis of historical data, a theoretical operational envelope for the ship is established. The methodology presented in this paper can be expanded to include more hazards as appropriate. Proposals are provided on future enhancements.
Onshore Pipeline Design and Installation Considerations for Northwestern Alaska
Authors: Eisler Ben , Murrill Mark , Walker Trent
Published: October 2018

Ever since oil potential was first discovered on the North Slope of Alaska, oil companies have been drawn to this cold region. Following the 1967 Prudhoe Bay discovery, an increased number of production pads and wells were developed and drilled. The Dalton Highway was built, paving the way for the construction of the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline System (TAPS). More wells were drilled, and large fields were developed. To date, however, development of discoveries on Alaska's North Slope have been limited to a relatively small area comprising Prudhoe Bay, the Kuparuk Area, small outliers of Badami and Point Thomson to the east, and the expanding Alpine field / Colville River area to the west. Development is just starting to extend further west into the National Petroleum Reserve Area (NPRA). The overall developed area encompasses an approximate 133 mile tract of land running east-west along the North Slope's coastal plain, of which, approximately 70 miles extend west of the TAPS pipeline. In comparison, there are approximately 260 to 300 miles between the Chukchi Sea coast and the TAPS pipeline.

The majority of Alaska's North Slope area is undeveloped with almost no infrastructure. Although there are a few gravel airstrips, including the village of Atqasuk, there are no roads in between that might provide efficient access to oil prospects in Northwestern Alaska from the closest major road artery, which is the Dalton Highway.

There are offshore U.S. lease blocks in the Chukchi Sea. There are also prospects at Smith Bay. One of the challenges with development of these Northwestern Alaska prospects is bringing their potential resources to market. Options include installing an onshore pipeline from the prospects to the TAPS pipeline. This paper addresses the technical aspects associated with the planning of a major pipeline across Northwestern Alaska (West of TAPS). While non-technical considerations are equally important in the planning of such a pipeline, the topical focus of this paper is to highlight the technical aspects.

The ultimate goal of such a project will be to install a pipeline system. However, the project costs and routing decisions may be driven more by logistics, the environment, and the associated Right-of-Way access, as opposed to the pipeline construction itself. Furthermore, the shortest straight line route, with the least expected straight line pipe quantities, may not necessarily equate to the least costly route, design, and construction option. This will become more evident once the design aspects for such a pipeline in this area are realized and the impacts from site specific geological, geotechnical, and meteorological conditions are incorporated into the design and installation planning. Having this understanding will help better prepare an organization for permitting approvals and for adjustments once the non-technical risks and external input are considered.
Probabilistic Approach to Determine Combined Sea Ice and Wave Actions
Authors: Fuglem Mark , Thijssen Jan , Stuckey Paul , Suwan Somchat , Zhang Qianran
Published: October 2018

Design of offshore structures for arctic and subarctic regions requires consideration of wave, wind and ice actions. If individual actions are not mutually exclusive, then combined actions also need consideration. ISO 19906 recommends that, when possible, extreme level combined actions should be determined based on the joint probability distribution of the actions. As an alternative, ISO 19906 provides a framework where a user can determine principal and companion extreme actions independently, and sum these with calibrated combination factors applied. While the combination factors in ISO 19906 were calibrated over a range of conditions and platforms, site-specific information is not taken into account when applying the method. In this paper, a procedure is presented for determining extreme level combined actions for sea ice and waves based on site-specific sea ice and wave information, accounting for the joint probability distribution of the actions. The procedure is demonstrated for an example fixed structure on the Grand Banks off Canada's east coast. The results are compared with extreme actions determined using the ISO 19906 combination factors.
A Stationary Ocean Platform
Authors: Lee Li , Dynamics Lee
Published: October 2018

A new type of ocean platforms is discussed in this paper. The uniqueness of this concept is that its hull is restrained such that any of the hull motions will be resisted by the axial stiffness of moorings. As a result, the platform is essentially motionless. Because of the superb motion characteristics, it can have many applications when a stationary platform is required, such as an oil producing platform in the partially ice-locked arctic environment or a host structure for wind turbines in deeper water.
Resolving the Un-Delimited Arctic Boundary Between Canada and the United States in the Beaufort Sea by Using a Law-and-Science Approach
Authors: Bekker Pieter , van de Poll Robert
Published: October 2018

Fewer than half of the 500 or so potential maritime boundaries in the world have been agreed, creating uncertainty not only for the coastal States involved but also for their investors active in the offshore oil and gas industry. The complex process of agreeing and fixing boundaries or of making provisional arrangements can be time-consuming and expensive but once agreed can significantly contribute to the economic wealth of the affected countries. Disputes over maritime boundaries regularly flare up around the world and sometimes result in skirmishes. Coastal States with competing claims to maritime areas routinely offer and award oil concessions in disputed waters without the investors taking blocks being fully aware of the underlying inter-State dispute and the risks presented by an un-delimited boundary, especially one featuring straddling deposits. Indeed, maritime boundary disputes form a misunderstood and frequently overlooked area of investment risk management in the energy sector.

The Figure below shows, in red lines, the limit of the Exclusive Economic Zones ("EEZs") of the world, together with maritime boundaries delimited by treaty (depicted by blue lines) and interpreted "strict equidistance" lines in locations where no current delimited maritime boundary exists (shown in orange). The world's EEZ waters, as measured from coastlines (in black) up to the EEZ legal limit (in red), cover approximately 169,000,000 square kilometers (geodetic).
Etica ed estetica per l’anoressia / Ethics and aesthetics for anorexia
Authors: Cattorini Paolo Marino
Published: October 2018

L’anoressia nervosa rischia di venir fraintesa, etichettandola come mero disturbo neurobiologico e affrontandola con tattiche assistenziali, che mirano semplicemente alla rapida correzione del peso. Un approccio fenomenologico coglie invece nel disturbo alimentare una strategia di liberazione, per quanto rischiosa e piena di contraddizioni. Nel presente articolo abbiamo indicato tre dimensioni etiche ed estetiche di questa pericolosa trasformazione di sé. L’anoressica scolpisce il corpo in forme dissonanti, al modo di una body artist; ella scrive nella carne la propria storia alla luce di un mito affettivo, che la guida come un racconto esemplare di formazione; infine l’anoressica prova per il cibo il disgusto che ella vive nei confronti di relazioni mancate di cui ha ancora disperata fame. La persona che soffre tenta di dirigere perfezionisticamente, attraverso la malattia, una trasformazione individuale, imbattendosi in un mondo di oggetti trasfigurati (fra cui i cibi, le sostanze alimentari), un mondo simile a quello istituito dall’arte contemporanea. Per questi motivi, il lavoro medico-psicologico condotto sui disturbi alimentari è più efficace quando si posseggono competenze in ambito umanistico, particolarmente di ordine etico ed estetico. ---------- Anorexia nervosa risks being misunderstood by labelling it merely as a neurobiological disorder or by tackling it only with behavioral advice, in order to rapidly achieve some weight gain. On the contrary, a phenomenological approach recognizes in an eating disorder also an ethical strategy of liberation, although it may well be risky and full of contradictions. This article indicates three ethical and aesthetic dimensions of this dangerous transformation of self-image. Anorexia sculpts the body in dissonant forms, in the way of a body artist; it writes in the flesh a suffering story in the light of an affective myth, which guides the patient towards an ideal of mature development. Finally, sick people feel the same disgust for food that they experience with regard to missed or damaged relationships of which they still desperately hunger for. Through the illness, an attempt is made to manage in a perfectionist way the bodily transformation, but the result is that they come upon a disquieting world of transfigured objects, a world similar to that established by some contemporary art movements. For these reasons, the medical-psychological work carried out on eating disorders requires competence in the field of medical humanities and particularly in the sphere of ethical and aesthetic education.
Relational variables in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: an effectiveness study
Authors: Tanzilli Annalisa , Majorana Michele , Fonzi Laura , Pallagrosi Mauro , Picardi Angelo , Coccanari de’ Fornari Maria Antonietta , Biondi Massimo , Lingiardi Vittorio
Published: October 2018

This study examined associations between specific elements of therapeutic relationships and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) outcomes. Notably, we focused on therapists’ subjective experiences during their first clinical interaction with patients, countertransference patterns and therapeutic alliance evaluated early in treatment, in relation to patient symptom changes at the end of STPP. Twenty clinicians completed the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale to evaluate patients’ (N=32) symptom severity at the beginning and end of STPP. They also completed the Assessment of Clinicians’ Subjective Experience (ACSE) to assess their subjective experiences of their patients at the first clinical interview and the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ) and Working Alliance Inventory to evaluate their countertransference reactions and therapeutic alliance at the sixth therapy session. The findings showed that the TRQ and ACSE scales correlated in a coherent way, with the exception of the TRQ helpless/inadequate pattern and ACSE impotence. Strong and more negative TRQ countertransference patterns and ACSE dimensions were significantly associated with lower quality of the therapeutic alliance. Finally, better STPP outcomes were positively associated with a good therapeutic alliance and negatively correlated with greater difficulty in attunement at the beginning of clinical assessment and therapists’ stronger responses of helplessness, frustration, and disengagement during therapy. These results confirm the precious value of the clinical relationship, which represents a useful source of information for therapists when planning therapeutic interventions.
Mejora del reconocimiento de usos finales del agua mediante la simplificación de la traza de caudal: un caso de estudio
Authors: Pastor Jabaloyes Laura , Arregui de la Cruz Francisco , Cobacho Jordán Ricardo
Published: October 2018

El éxito de estrategias para la desagregación y clasificación automática de los consumos de agua en usos finales depende de un adecuado filtrado previo de las trazas de caudal registradas. Se propone un nuevo algoritmo de filtrado, cuyos parámetros de entrada se ajustan mediante un proceso de calibración automático por evento de consumo, asegurando la adaptabilidad y simplificación de la traza filtrada a la original. Esta herramienta se aplica a un caso de estudio mediante el análisis de 5210 eventos de consumo, procedentes de una campaña de monitorización en una ciudad española. Los resultados muestran que el filtro es capaz de simplificar sustancialmente las trazas de caudal manteniendo la información esencial. En media, las trazas de caudal de eventos más complejos pueden definirse con menos del 10% de los puntos de las trazas originales. Además, el análisis realizado permite identificar diversas estrategias para mejorar y optimizar el proceso de filtrado.
Modelo de llenado de grandes conducciones
Authors: Romero Sedó Antonio Manuel , Arrué Paloma , García-Serra Jorge , Espert Vicent B. , Biel F.
Published: October 2018

El llenado de conducciones debe realizarse en condiciones de máxima seguridad, ya que es una operación delicada que puede generar importantes sobrepresiones en el sistema. Surge por tanto la necesidad de elaborar un protocolo de llenado de grandes conducciones, que requiere utilizar un modelo matemático de simulación. El modelo es capaz de predecir la evolución de presión y caudal durante la operación, así como el tiempo de llenado con bastante precisión, habiéndose comparado los resultados con datos experimentales obtenidos en campo y los que proporciona el programa Allievi, el cual utiliza el modelo pistón y el método de las características. El modelo elaborado tiene como limitación la aplicación a un tramo de pendiente constante con un máximo de cinco ventosas distribuidas a lo largo de la conducción.
El derecho al descanso del trabajador: la Ciudad Sindical de Vacaciones de Marbella
Authors: Loren-Méndez Mar , Pinzón-Ayala Daniel
Published: October 2018

The worker’s right to rest constituted a new right in the construction of world peace after the First World War. Drawing on primary sources, the study begins with an overview of legislation ranging from the regulation of weekly weekend rest to annual holidays, analyzing public European proposals for holidays in the interwar years, distinguishing those designed to ensure rest for workers specifically within the context of the city. The newly acquired right was most warmly embraced by totalitarian regimes, converted into a prize, a charitable act, or an opportunity for indoctrination and control. Focusing on the case of Spain, the research presents the Ciudades Sindicales de Vacaciones, Trade Union Holiday Towns, as the culmination of the public promotion of rest for workers under Franco’s regime, subsequently giving way to private initiative and mass tourism. The research presents the Trade Union Holiday Town of Marbella as the ultimate prototype for a specific typology, analyzing its values through a projective approach to territory, providing new documentary evidence of its evolution and current status, and offering a reflection on the loss of values brought about by such transformations in light of findings made.
Una mezquita en Valencia: capilla del Grupo Benéfico San Francisco Javier, A. Gómez Davó
Authors: Gómez Gil Antonio Miguel
Published: October 2018

In Valencia there was a large building complex, the Grupo Benéfico San Francisco Javier in the district of Campanar, built in Spanish neo-colonial style, now disappeared. Among many of its endowments was a chapel designed in Maghrebi style (1941), which, of the entire ensemble, is the only construction currently left standing. The article, written with unpublished material, reveals the building and analyses the author, the Valencian architect Antonio Gómez Davó, to verify whether or not he acted with archaeological rigor in its design. For this, its building elements and parameters have been compared with other existing religious buildings in North Africa. This analysis shows efficiency in the floor plan and other parameters, for its use as a Catholic church. There is, on the other hand, a Maghrebi archaeological project rigor; in terms of its construction system, its forms and its decoration. We must also highlight the wise decision of including in the chapel a missing Spanish historical architectural element, such as the roof of the convent of San Juan de la Penitencia de Toledo. This non-Islamic element was skillfully integrated into the Maghreb environment of the Campanar chapel.
Visitas domiciliares inovadoras e a saúde materno‑infantil
Authors: Maia Paula Ferdinanda Conceição de Mascena Diniz , De Melo e Lima Tereza Rebecca , Vezzini Francesca , Tamburlini Giorgio
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de Visitas Domiciliares Inovadoras (VDI), que é baseado em um guia de orientação, nos conhecimentos e práticas de saúde das mães em relação aos cuidados da criança e durante os períodos pré/pós-natal, e indicadores de saúde materno-infantil (ISMI). Métodos: Estudo transversal e analítico que comparou 195 gestantes e mães que receberam VDI (grupo 1) com o grupo 2, de visitas domiciliares convencionais (VDC), realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) de Recife, Pernambuco, entre 2015 a 2016. Dividiram-se 16 equipes de saúde da família em dois grupos: oito equipes receberam treinamento para VDI e oito não receberam. Houve dez VDI com a utilização do guia, durante a gestação e durante os nove meses da criança. As VDC ocorreram uma vez/mês, durante o mesmo período das VDI, mas sem o guia. Após nove meses, as participantes foram entrevistadas através de questionário com conteúdos relacionados à saúde materno-infantil. Resultados: 93 gestantes (49 do grupo 1 e 44 do 2) e 102 mães de crianças (57 do grupo 1 e 45 do 2) responderam aos questionários. Os resultados mostraram melhores indicadores de pré-natal (p=0,005), melhor conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos (p
The Role of Internal Audit Function on Corporate Governance and Management
Authors: Kontogeorgis Georgios
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the paper is to examine the research question about the role of internal audit function on management and corporate governance. This paper is updated with the latest theories regarding the role of internal auditing on management and corporate governance. It has been made literature review so as to be revealed the role of internal audit function on management and corporate governance. It is found that internal auditing is an important part of the success of corporate governance. Especially, it is one of the pillars of corporate governance. Furthermore, it is found that internal audit function is a vital tool for the management and for the success of a company. The good operation of internal audit function can be a tool for the improvement of quality of the corporate governance and management. Both corporate governance and management can increase the competiveness of a company.
Thanks Response Strategies in Cameroon French
Authors: Farenkia Bernard Mulo
Published: October 2018

This study is designed to investigate strategies used by Cameroon French speakers to respond to gratitude expressions. Principles from three theoretical frameworks, i.e., cross-cultural pragmatics, the conception of French as a pluricentric language and postcolonial pragmatics were used to guide the study. The study was based on data from 148 French-speaking Cameroonian university students using a Data completion task questionnaire. The analysis focused on the pragmatic functions, realization patterns, and situational distribution of thanks response strategies as well as on supportive acts used to modify thanks responses. The results indicate five groups of thanks response strategies emerging from the corpus and the most common strategies used by the respondents are those intended to mitigate or even negate the magnitude of the favor. The findings also show that thanks response strategies are realized in different ways and that they are distributed differently across the three situations retained for this study. It was also found that thanks responses occur either as single acts or as combinations of many acts. The supportive acts attested in the data are employed to mitigate or intensify thanks responses, and to save or enhance the faces of the speaker and/or the addressee. The limitations of the study’s findings are highlighted, and avenues for future research outlined.
Evaluating ‘Q: Skills for Success’ from Students’ and Teachers’ Perspectives at the English Language Institute- Yanbu (YELI)
Authors: Alshehri Huda Khalid
Published: October 2018

This article aims to evaluate ‘Q: Skills for Success’ 1 and 2 from teachers’ and students’ perspectives in the English Language Institute (YELI), the Royal Commission Colleges and Institutes (Yanbu). One of the goals of this study is to check whether this newly introduced coursebook is fairly appropriate for the preparatory year at YELI by comparing the results of evaluating this coursebook with findings of evaluating similar coursebooks in similar contexts. In order to answer the research questions, two questionnaires are administered to convenience samples from both teachers and students in YELI. The data are then statistically analyzed with the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used. The study findings indicate that both teachers and students have highly positive attitudes towards both ‘Q: Skills for Success’ 1 and 2. Moreover, the findings shows that there is no significant difference between the participants’ perspectives according to gender difference. However, the results ofANOVA indicate that there are some significant differences between 001 and 002 students in their perspectives and attitudes towards the coursebook evaluated. Broadly, the study findings coincides with those of several similar/parallel studies in similar contexts.
INFLUÊNCIA DA MANUTENÇÃO DOS EQUIPAMENTOS DE REFRIGERAÇÃO NO DESEMPENHO DE DOCENTES E DISCENTES DE ESCOLAS EM SÃO LUÍS-MA
Authors: Da Paixao Thymisson Sousa , Serra Adriano do Amor Divino Guilhon , Dos Santos Antônio Vinicius Carvalho , Da Silva Noely Cristina Ferreira , Nantes Bianca Feques Vale , Rodrigues Junior Josué Alves , Ribeiro Filho Paulo Roberto Campos Flexa
Published: October 2018

A ausência do conforto térmico influencia diretamente os níveis de concentração de alunos e professores, acarretando consequências como a diminuição do desempenho e da produtividade. Neste contexto, a climatização dos locais de aprendizagem tornou-se essencial para melhorar os índices de educação do ensino médio, sobretudo nos estados do Nordeste onde as temperaturas podem alcançar médias de temperaturas anuais de 28°C. Desta forma, os equipamentos utilizados na refrigeração devem está em boas condições de funcionamento para além de garantir o conforto térmico não prejudicar a saúde dos docentes e discentes. Sendo assim, a estruturação da manutenção destes equipamentos através elaboração de planos periódicos serve para garantir o conforto térmico com eficiência energética. Por consequência, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a condição dos equipamentos de refrigeração de três escolas de nível médio de São Luís através da metodologia de elaboração de estratégias de manutenção, além da aplicação de questionários para avaliar a influência do conforto térmico no desempenho e produtividade dos envolvidos. Após a estruturação da manutenção dos equipamentos e consequente melhoria das condições de conforto térmico observou-se que para 76% dos alunos entrevistados houve melhora no desempenho dos professores, para 83 % dos alunos houve melhoria de suas produtividades e para 98% houve melhoria da concentração em sala de aula.
The impact of benchmarking operating room efficiency within the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Lynn Marilyn , Bronson Douglas , Gunnar William
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides surgical care and services through a network of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Surgical Programs. This study examined the impact of benchmarking on improvements in VHA surgery program operating room efficiency.Methods: The VA National Surgery Office (NSO) developed the operating room (OR) Efficiency Matrix with four common metrics that characterize OR processes. The OR Efficiency Matrix assigned a performance level to each VHA Surgery Program identified in the NSO Quarterly Report. The NSO Quarterly Report provided ongoing and regular feedback allowing VHA Surgery Programs to develop action plans and improve performance.Results: Beginning with the Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 Quarter (Q) 2 NSO Quarterly Report, the NSO has been reporting to VHA Surgery Programs on the OR Efficiency Matrix through several tables and figures in the NSO Quarterly Report. Overall, raw metric rates have improved nationally, with most improvements coming in the metrics of OR first time starts and surgical case cancellation.Conclusions: The NSO developed and implemented the OR Efficiency Matrix, representing four well recognized metrics, to assess, track, and report OR efficiency at 137 VHA Surgery Programs. This internal benchmarking process and data reporting was associated with sustainable improvements in OR efficiency over time.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Computer and Information Science, Vol. 11, No. 4
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: October 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Computer and Information Science, Vol. 11, No. 4
The Possibility of Applying the Basic Principles of Financial Control in Accordance with the Requirements of ISSAI 200 of the International Standards of the Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) and its Impact on Internal Control in the Public Sector
Authors: Al-Hawatmeh Omar Mohammad
Published: October 2018

The study aimed to clarifying the possibility of applying the basic principles of financial control in accordance with the requirements of ISSAI 200 of the international standards of the Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) and its impact on the internal control in the public sector in addition to identifying the obstacles that limit the application of the basic principles of financial control according to the requirements of the standard ISSAI 200 of the International Standards of the Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI), and its impact on internal control in the public sector, In order to achieve the objectives of the study and the testing of hypotheses, the researcher designed a questionnaire.This questionnaire was distributed to managers and employees in the internal control of the administrative government units, and (80) were recovered with an adoption rate of 80%for the statistical analysis purposes. The results showed that the application of the basic principles of financial control in accordance with the requirements of ISSAI 200 of the international standards of the Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) and its impact on internal control in the public sector in general was high With an arithmetic mean of (4.266) and a standard deviation (0.887) The researcher attributes this result to what has been done in accordance with the laws, regulations, financial and accounting regulations prescribed for the financial control operations. It is in line with the standards assigned to it by the international standards of the Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI). The obstacles that limit the application of the basic principles of financial control in general moderately came with an arithmetic mean of (3.417) and of (1.118). The researcher attributed this result to the existence of some obstacles, the most important of which is non-specialization and noncompliance with the development of the regulations and instructions with the international standards of the Supreme Audit Institutions. Finance and Accounting (INTOSAI) and others as stated in the results of the study. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended the need for attention employment staff  and work to keep pace with the development and modernization of international standards of Supreme Financial Control and Accounting INTOSAI internal control system in terms of training and development and keep up with scientific and practical progress need to emphasize the re-drafting of some legislation and instructions for some of the financial aspects and the need for harmonization and cooperation Continuous and continuous between the legislators and the applicable bodies of the standards to reach a consensus and appropriate in some of the minor or fundamental differences between the law and the standard and other Recommendations.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 7, No. 2
Authors: Tai Gabriel
Published: October 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2018.
HIV Status among Presumptive Tuberculosis Cases Attending Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: Rajaram Manju , Ravindra Adimulam , Dwivedi Dharm , Ramakrishnan Jayalakshmi , Chinnakali Palanivel , Mohapatra Madhusmita
Published: October 2018

Introduction: In India, to increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case detection, the National Technical Working Group on TB /HIV had made it mandatory to screen for HIV infection among presumptive tuberculosis (TB) cases. Material and methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study, conducted between June 2015 and December 2016 in a tertiary care institute (JIPMER), in South India, to estimate the prevalence of HIV among presumptive TB cases. Results: Among the 964 presumptive TB cases who attended pulmonary medicine OPD, 189 patients were sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive. Among the 189 sputum positive cases, 9 were HIV positive. Of the 964 presumptive TB cases, 879 gave consent for HIV testing and 33 (3.7%) turned out to be HIV positive. If only sputum positive cases had been screened for HIV, we would have missed 24 new HIV positive cases. The number needed to screen was 27 among presumptive TB cases and 18 among TB patients. Conclusions: The uptake of HIV testing (91%) and the diagnostic yield of 3.7% of HIV positive cases among the presumptive TB patients is quite high compared to that of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) mechanism of Puducherry. This reinforces the need to screen all the presumptive cases for HIV infection, to increase HIV case detection so that anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can be initiated early.
QuantiFERON-TB-GOLD In-Tube in Patients with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Piotrowski Wojciech , Białas Adam , Gwadera Łukasz , Kumor-Kisielewska Anna , Fijałkowski Marek , Kurmanowska Zofia , Marczak Jerzy , Górski Witold , Angowski Wojciech , Górski Paweł , Kwiatkowska Sylwia
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis (TB) are the diseases that share many similarities. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture results are the gold standard for the diagnosis of TB, but false positive results are not rare. The aim was to evaluate the utility of QFT in detecting latent TB infection in a group of sarcoidosis patients with negative history of TB and negative culture/BACTEC results, and checking sarcoidosis activity influence on the QFT results. Additionally, we assessed if QFT negative result may strengthen the suspicion that positive culture/BACTEC results are false positive. Material and methods: 37 culture-negative and 6 culture-positive sarcoidosis patients were enrolled. On the basis of clinical and radiological data TB was considered unlikely (false-positive results). A control group consisted of age-matched subjects with excluded TB (n = 37). QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QIAGEN, USA) was used according to the manual. Test validity was checked basing on the results obtained from a low-risk (n = 21) and active TB group (n = 23). Results: The frequency of positive results tended to be higher in MTB(–) sarcoidosis (24.3% vs. 13.5% for the control group, p = 0.37), but was similar to the general population. None of culture-positive sarcoidosis patients was QFT-positive. The positive results were equally distributed among patients with active and inactive sarcoidosis. Conclusions: QFT has been found to be the useful test for the detection of latent TB infection in sarcoidosis patients. In addition, we confirm that sarcoidosis activity does not negatively influence the result of QFT. Moreover, QFT would be proposed as a cost-saving diagnostic test providing additional diagnostic information when false positive MTB culture result in the sarcoidosis patient is highly suspected. However, in each case clinical, radiological and epidemiological data should be considered before taking the therapeutic decision.
Neprilysin Inhibitors as a New Approach in the Treatment of Right Heart Failure in the Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Response to the Letter of Siniorakis et al.
Authors: Liczek Maciej , Panek Iga , Damiański Piotr , Jęczeń Olga , Jaźwiec Jędrzej , Kuna Piotr , Panek Michał
Published: October 2018

Neprilysin (NEP) inhibition has become an important issue in cardiology and pulmonology [...]
NOWOCZESNE TECHNOLOGIE LOGISTYCZNE JAKO ŹRÓDŁO DODATKOWYCH WARTOŚCI W ŁAŃCUCHU DOSTAW
Authors: FICOŃ Krzysztof , KRASNODĘBSKI Grzegorz
Published: October 2018

W pracy przedstawiono dwie generacje logistyki bazujące odpowiednio na tradycyjnych koncepcjach przepływów fizycznych oraz nowoczesne oferujące dodatkowe, okołologistyczne wartości dla klienta. Ten drugi model to dziś już klasyka firm logistycznych, które w ten sposób zdobywają rynkową przewagę konkurencyjną. Obie koncepcje zostały zilustrowane dwoma przykładami z obszaru pralogistyki wojskowej dotyczącymi zabezpieczenia logistycznego dwóch kolejnych wojen w Zatoce Perskiej – „Pustynna Burza” (1991 r. i „Wolność dla Iraku” (2003 r.). W zakończeniu wskazano na dominującą rolę standardów logistyki on-line opartej na nowoczesnych technologiach internetowych.
DIGITIZING FRESH FOOD USING 3D SCANNING FOR CUSTOM PACKAGING DESIGN
Authors: RODRIGUEZ PARADA LUCIA , PARDO VICENTE MIGUEL ÁNGEL , MAYUET  ARES PEDRO FRANCISCO
Published: October 2018

This article exposes the potential of reverse engineering applied to the food industry within the framework of Industry 4.0. The development of new competitive products is often complex, so the application of elements and support tools helps to optimize the work procedure. Thus, the possibility of applying 3D scanning from the early phases of product development allows decisions to be made that result in the creation and development of more efficient and therefore more competitive products where the application of reverse engineering systems for generation of prototypes using CAD models helps to accelerate the design process and improve the quality of the products. In this sense, digitalization and industry 4.0 concepts not only affect the mechanical industry, but can also be extended to other fields, such as the food industry. This work aims to generate, analyze and evaluate packaging designs adapted to vegetables and fruits in a context of personalization towards a more demanding consumer that demands greater safety, protection and conservation of fresh produce.

Keywords: Reverse engineering, scanning 3D, industry 4.0, food industry, product design.
MACHINES, PROCESSES, PEOPLE AND DATA, THE KEYS TO THE 4.0 REVOLUTION
Authors: SANCHEZ EGEA ANTONIO J. , LOPEZ  DE LA CALLE MARCAIDE LUIS NORBERTO
Published: October 2018

Industry is immersed in a process of development and innovation to organise the means of production, through intelligent factories focused on greater adaptation to customer needs and industrial manufacturing processes: this new industrial revolution has been called Industry 4.0.
MACHINABILITY ESTIMATION BY DRILLING MONITORING
Authors: GONZALEZ ROJAS HERNAN A. , SANCHEZ EGEA ANTONIO J. , NAPOLES ALBERRO AMELIA
Published: October 2018

This article describes the development of a methodology to measure the specific cutting energy (SCE) in drilling. The SCE allows characterizing and the machining process, thus obtaining a technologic approach that allows to carry out a planning of the chip removal process. The main frame of this machine consists of a pedestal drill, instrumented with: a meter, a motor that controls the spindle speed, safety elements such as limit switches and an active power meter coupled to the drill motor. The mechanical power is calculated indirectly through the active power. To this end, it must have a previous calibration with a torque dynamometer to reoced theoutput curve and, subsequently, display the relationship between the mechanical power and the active electrical power. To validate the capability of this method, the EEC of three different materials is evaluated, an aluminum 7075-T6 and the steels C45E y 34CrNiMo6. It has been verified that the estimated SCE values correspond to those described by the literature. The influence of several parameters, like the cutting speed and the feed rate, on the SCE allows to estimate the sensitivity of this method. Finally, this works shows that the SCE in steel increases with the increase of the feed rate, whereas in aluminum the behavior is the opposite, the SCE decreases as the feed rate increases.

Keywords: Specific cutting energy, material removal rate, cutting power, feed rate, drilling.
USE OF RANDOM METHODS IN THE EVALUATION OF PROBABILISTIC VARIATIONS IN SCHEDULES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THEIR ACTIVITIES IN TERMS OF THE DEGREE OF CRITICALITY IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: MATOS DE LOPES TORRES BARBOZA RICARDO , CELSO LONGO ORLANDO
Published: October 2018

One of the main restrictions in project management is the schedule, because variations in project duration can have various effects in terms of contractual conditions, attention to stakeholder expectations, and even in terms of quality, scope, and costs, among others.
In construction works, productivity presents great difficulties in being determined beforehand, either by the nomadic nature of the factory -which is changed- and the product that is kept in the same place, or by issues related to the qualification, rotation and interference of its workers in the productive process, which impacts much more significantly on the civil construction industry than on the serial industry.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator
Incentives for intergroup tolerance and association: A call for increased attention in evolutionary anthropological research
Authors: Pisor Anne C , Surbeck Martin
Published: October 2018

Primate individuals use a variety of strategies in intergroup encounters, from aggression to tolerance; however, recent focus on the evolution of either warfare or peace has come at the cost of characterizing this variability. We identify evolutionary advantages that may incentivize tolerance toward extra-group individuals in humans and non-human primates, including enhanced benefits in the domains of transfer and mating, food acquisition, inclusive fitness, and repeated interactions with an extra-group member. We highlight the role these factors play in the plasticity of gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo behavior. Humans have an especially broad range of plastic intergroup behavior. We explore how the human foraging ecology, especially large geographic and temporal fluctuations in resource availability, may have selected for a greater reliance on between-community relationships – relationships reinforced by status acquisition and cultural institutions. We conclude by urging careful, theoretically-motivated study of behavioral flexibility in intergroup encounters in humans, gorillas, and bonobos.
Soil respiration of a Moso bamboo forest significantly affected by gross ecosystem productivity and leaf area index in an extreme drought event
Authors: Liu Yuli , Zhou Guomo , Du Huaqiang , Berninger Frank , Mao Fangjie , Li Xuejian , Chen Liang , Cui Lu , Li Yangguang , Zhu Di’en
Published: October 2018

Moso bamboo has large potential to alleviate global warming through carbon sequestration. Since soil respiration (Rs) is a major source of CO2 emissions, we analyzed the dynamics of soil respiration (Rs) and its relation to environmental factors in a Moso bamboo (Phllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens) forest to identify the relative importance of biotic and abiotic drivers of respiration. Annual average Rs was 44.07 t CO2 ha−1 a−1. Rs correlated significantly with soil temperature (P < 0.01), which explained 69.7% of the variation in Rs at a diurnal scale. Soil moisture was correlated significantly with Rs on a daily scale except not during winter, indicating it affected Rs. A model including both soil temperature and soil moisture explained 93.6% of seasonal variations in Rs. The relationship between Rs and soil temperature during a day showed a clear hysteresis. Rs was significantly and positively (P < 0.01) related to gross ecosystem productivity and leaf area index, demonstrating the significance of biotic factors as crucial drivers of Rs.
Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part I—an examination of cancellous bone architecture in the hindlimb bones of theropods
Authors: Bishop Peter J. , Hocknull Scott A. , Clemente Christofer J. , Hutchinson John R. , Farke Andrew A. , Beck Belinda R. , Barrett Rod S. , Lloyd David G.
Published: October 2018

This paper is the first of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of cancellous (‘spongy’) bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous bone architectural patterns to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct non-avian species. Cancellous bone is widely known to be highly sensitive to its mechanical environment, and has previously been used to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates, especially primates. Despite great promise, cancellous bone architecture has remained little utilized for investigating locomotion in many other extinct vertebrate groups, such as dinosaurs. Documentation and quantification of architectural patterns across a whole bone, and across multiple bones, can provide much information on cancellous bone architectural patterns and variation across species. Additionally, this also lends itself to analysis of the musculoskeletal biomechanical factors involved in a direct, mechanistic fashion.

On this premise, computed tomographic and image analysis techniques were used to describe and analyse the three-dimensional architecture of cancellous bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs for the first time. A comprehensive survey across many extant and extinct species is produced, identifying several patterns of similarity and contrast between groups. For instance, more stemward non-avian theropods (e.g. ceratosaurs and tyrannosaurids) exhibit cancellous bone architectures more comparable to that present in humans, whereas species more closely related to birds (e.g. paravians) exhibit architectural patterns bearing greater similarity to those of extant birds. Many of the observed patterns may be linked to particular aspects of locomotor biomechanics, such as the degree of hip or knee flexion during stance and gait. A further important observation is the abundance of markedly oblique trabeculae in the diaphyses of the femur and tibia of birds, which in large species produces spiralling patterns along the endosteal surface. Not only do these observations provide new insight into theropod anatomy and behaviour, they also provide the foundation for mechanistic testing of locomotor hypotheses via musculoskeletal biomechanical modelling.
Gestão do patrimônio arqueológico e desenvolvimento turístico: ações e propostas
Authors: Guimarães Geovan Martins , Anjos Francisco Antonio , Farias Deisi Scunderlick Eloy de , Arnold Junior Marcos
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta o estado da arte das práticas envolvendo Turismo e Arqueologia em diversas partes do mundo e do Brasil. Teve como objetivo apresentar ações pioneiras de sucesso (ou não) em países com grande potencial arqueológico, como Portugal, Romênia, Turquia, México, República Dominicana, Chile, Brasil, Estados Unidos, entre outros. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica em base de dados, obtidas em meio digital, tendo-se acesso às pesquisas que envolvem o tema do turismo arqueológico na Europa, na América e no Brasil. Como resultado, foram identificados os fatores que nortearam essas ações e foi proposto um modelo de referência para a gestão do patrimônio arqueológico, podendo-se utilizar o Turismo como instrumento de divulgação, proteção, sustentabilidade e integração com a comunidade local.