bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Death of Liberal Internationalism?: Donald Trump, Walmart, and the Two Koreas”
Authors: Lerner Mitchell B.
Published: July 2018

The election of Donald J. Trump unsettled many areas of U.S. foreign policy, but few more than the nation’s relationship with Korea. This article argues that the Trump administration’s vision for the world represents a stark break from the tradition of liberal internationalism and instead seeks to take the United States down a path that reflects the modern business practices of giant American corporations. A suitable label for this vision, as the following pages will show, is “Walmart unilateralism.” This framework abandons the traditional American policies of nation building and alliances based on shared ideological values. Instead, it embraces a more short-term approach rooted in financial bottom lines, flexible alliances and rivalries, and the ruthless exploitation of power hierarchies. This new approach, this article concludes, may dramatically transform the American relationship with Korea. Walmart unilateralism in Korea almost certainly will have some short-time positive ramifications for the United States, but its larger failure to consider the history and values of the people living on the Korean Peninsula may generate serious long-term problems for the future experience of the United States in the region.
Extreme reduction of morphological characters: a type of brachidial development found in several Late Cretaceous and Recent brachiopod species—new relationships between taxa previously listed as incertae sedis
Authors: SIMON ERIC , MOTTEQUIN BERNARD
Published: July 2018

Size reduction and development of a simplified brachidial structure occurred several times during the long evolution of the Phylum Brachiopoda. Even Recent forms may be micromorphic and paedomorphic with reduced brachidia or none at all. A revision of the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) Terebratella (Morrisia?) suessi Bosquet, 1859 has allowed us to erect a new genus, Jagtithyris gen. nov., because its singular brachidium development does not match any platidiid structure. Such a brachidium has also been observed in another European Late Cretaceous brachiopod, which indicates that this type was not a unique morphological curiosity. This species is the micromorphic Campanian-Maastrichtian Leptothyrellopsis polonicus Bitner & Pisera, 1979, which has brachidial structures in common with Jagtithyris suessi comb. nov., although a number of differences have been observed. The genera Leptothyrellopsis and Jagtithyris gen. nov., are included in a new family, Jagtithyrididae fam. nov. During an ongoing revision of extant brachiopod faunas we have been led to recognize a link between this family and representatives of the genus Simplicithyris Zezina, 1976. The taxonomic position of this peculiar group is also discussed.
The species of Psomizopelma Gibson (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)
Authors: GIBSON GARY A. P.
Published: July 2018

The species of the New World genus Psomizopelma Gibson (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae: Eupelminae) are revised. Five species are recognized, including one species with macropterous females, P. macropterum n. sp. (♀: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, Trinidad), and four species with brachypterous females, P. albiclava n. sp. (♀ ♂: Brazil), P. brachypterum Gibson, 1995 (♀ ♂: USA, Florida), P. fuscum n. sp. (♀: Dominican Republic), and P. metallicum n. sp. (♀: USA, Florida). The species are illustrated through macrophotography and keyed.
A new species of Tegenaria Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Agelenidae) from western Iran
Authors: ZAMANI ALIREZA , MARUSIK YURI M. , MALEK-HOSSEINI MOHAMMAD JAVAD
Published: July 2018

Agelenidae is a species rich and globally-distributed spider family comprising 1274 species in 77 genera (World Spider Catalog 2018). In Iran, this family is currently represented by eight species in four genera (Zamani et al. 2018). Being the second largest genus of the family (after Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999), Tegenaria Latreille, 1804, currently encompasses 105 species that are primarily distributed in the Palaearctic (World Spider Catalog 2018; Marusik & Zamani 2015). So far, four species of this genus are known from Iran: Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1758) (western, northern, central and eastern Iran), T. lenkoranica (Guseinov et al., 2005) (northern Iran), T. pagana C.L. Koch, 1840 (northern Iran), and the endemic T. zamanii Marusik et Omelko, 2014 (northern Iran) (Zamani et al. 2018). Two of these species, T. lenkoranica and T. zamanii have been reported from caves (Malek-Hosseini & Zamani 2017). Considering the lack of studies on this genus in Iran, many species are undoubtedly awaiting to be discovered. During the biospeleological investigations of Zagros Mountains, a new species of Tegenaria was collected in western Iran, which is described and illustrated in this paper. The specimens were photographed using an Olympus Camedia E-520 camera attached to an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and digital images were prepared using “CombineZP” image stacking software. Leg ratios were measured on the dorsal side and all measurements are given in millimeters. Measurements of leg are listed as: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Standard abbreviations were used for the eyes: AME, anterior median eyes; ALE, anterior lateral eyes; PME, posterior median eyes; PLE, posterior lateral eyes. The specimens will be deposited in the Manchester Museum of the University of Manchester (MMUE).
Health promotion education in changing and challenging times: Reflections from England
Authors: Warwick-Booth Louise , Cross Ruth , Woodall James , Bagnall Anne-Marie , South Jane
Published: July 2018

Health education has changed in many ways since Health Education Journal was first published, with developments moving the discipline forward in ways not envisaged 75 years ago. While there have been recent concerns about the decline in status of health promotion and linked worries about health education, the contemporary evidence base has grown to support the delivery of good quality health education and the development of capable and skilled practitioners. Pedagogy has further developed as well, and new technology now enables health education to have broader reach through online teaching and learning, social media and open-access publications. Global challenges remain, however, and the context in England is one in which both education and practice face major trials despite the contribution that health education has made by those educated and trained in this setting over a period of many years.
Gender- and school-level correlates of growth in health-related fitness knowledge among US high-school students
Authors: Zhu Xihe , Haegele Justin A
Published: July 2018

Objective:

Health-related fitness knowledge holds the potential for physical activity and behavioural changes. The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal study with retrospective data was (a) to examine high-school students’ health-related fitness knowledge growth through the 9th, 10th and 11th grades under one curriculum condition and (b) to examine gender- and school-level correlates of students’ health-related fitness knowledge and its rate of growth.

Method:

This study used existing data collected by school districts as they implemented the curriculum. Participants were students ( n = 9,883, 49.4% girls) from 40 high schools following the same curriculum. Health-related fitness knowledge performance was assessed annually for 3 years using an online platform. Potential student- and school-level correlates were collected. A three-level hierarchical linear model was used to examine student health-related fitness knowledge growth and its relation to gender- and school-level correlates.

Results:

The results showed that high-school student health-related fitness knowledge growth was linear during the 3-year period, with an estimated growth rate of 9.14 ± 1.40% per year under the curriculum condition. Girl students had a higher growth rate than boys, holding other factors constant. Other school-level variables were not significant predictors of health-related fitness knowledge.

Conclusion:

Overall, the curriculum context was conducive to student health-related knowledge growth. The different knowledge growth rate between boys and girls was a possible reason for gender discrepancy at the 11th grade.
Cuban Cha-Cha-Chá: Applications for Music Education in the United States
Authors: Torchon Jeffrey
Published: July 2018

One of the most distinctive musical genres that originated in Cuba over the past century is cha-cha-chá, which is attributed to Enrique Jorrín during the 1950s. The popularity of this music has grown considerably since its genesis, as evidenced by the vast array of repertoire, the multitude of bands performing it, and its prevalence in popular culture. This article explores the history of cha-cha-chá, its musical elements, Enrique Jorrín’s influence on the creation and performance of the genre, and the importance of cha-cha-chá in music education in the United States. Due to its musical significance and social impact, it is important to understand cha-cha-chá’s place in modern Cuba, how it has been preserved over time, and how it can be taught in music classrooms at all levels.
Beginning Band without a Stand: Fostering Creative Musicianship in Early Instrumental Programs
Authors: Clauhs Matthew
Published: July 2018

Approaches to teaching music notation and instrumental technique have been standardized and codified in the United States with great success in beginning instrumental programs. While these skills are important, we do a disservice to students if we do not equally develop comprehensive musicianship and creative thinking at a young age. Creating music is one of the four “Artistic Processes” that guide our instruction in the new National Core Arts Standards framework. It is also a process that many instrumental music teachers struggle to implement, especially in early stages of instruction when note-reading and technique seem to be the highest priority. Drawing on examples from an elementary school band program that shifted away from music notation in the rehearsal room and group lesson space, I examine how instrumental music teachers can move students beyond the music stand into a deeper and more creative understanding of the elements of music.
Health-Support Needs of Widows in South Africa: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Sekgobela Gopolang L. , Peu Doriccah M. , van der Wath Anna E.
Published: July 2018

Community health care should facilitate effective adaptation to widowhood. In South Africa, the primary health-care nurses, who are the first-line health-care services, seem to miss opportunities for identifying and effectively managing widows experiencing health risks. This study explored the health-support needs of widows. We purposively selected 12 participants, who were widows between 25 and 65 years old residing in an urban area of South Africa. Data were gathered during unstructured individual phenomenological interviews and analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological method. Widowhood is an embodied and intense emotional experience with a cognitive impact. Related to these experiences are widows’ health-support needs. Widows have a need to be listened to and to be understood and cared for; attitudes and skills which require time and availability from primary health-care nurses. Widows expressed a need to engage in support groups, receive home visits, and receive health education from primary health-care nurses.
Intercollegiate Social Media Education Ecosystem
Authors: Abney Alexandra K. , Cook Laurel A. , Fox Alexa K. , Stevens Jennifer
Published: July 2018

The popularity of social media among students and practitioners has encouraged marketing educators to find ways to incorporate social media into their classrooms. We offer results from an intercollegiate collaboration that provides an innovative learning environment through a social media education ecosystem. Participating students discuss current marketing topics with peers, marketing practitioners, and faculty to reinforce course concepts, improve learning perceptions, and increase professional communication skills and networking opportunities. An initial exploratory study provides a snapshot of Twitter analytics, illustrating the reach of students’ marketing-related discussions. Next, survey data collected from students show increased learning satisfaction and favorable behavioral intentions. Finally, tweets from the 12-week project were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Results suggest that participants improved their professional communication skills while using language that provokes greater cognitive processes. Implications for marketing educators and future directions for the project are also provided.
Organizational Adaptation Under Stress: Tracing Communication Processes in Four California County Health Departments During the H1N1 Threat, April 28, 2009, to March 11, 2011
Authors: Comfort Louise K. , Yeo Jungwon , Scheinert Steven R.
Published: July 2018

Urgent public health threats present a growing problem for public health surge. This study addresses tensions that occur in organizations as they confront unexpected, urgent demands for performance that exceed their existing allocation of resources and personnel, patterns of adaptation in response, and consequences for continued functionality in their mission. We view the problem through a conceptual lens of complex adaptive systems and distributed cognition to focus on patterns of organizational communication as critical factors in shaping organizational response to crisis operations. We employ a mixed-methods approach to examine communication and coordination patterns in a small- N comparative case study of four California county health departments during the H1N1 threat in late spring–summer of 2009 and the following 24 months. Findings indicate factors that contribute to, or inhibit, the communication process, such as organizational structure, past experiences, exercise of authority, and document the occurrence of defensive routines as a distortion of internal communication practices. Communication and coordination within and among entities engaged in response operations are critical to managing urgent public health threats, indicating that mechanisms which place a cognitive burden on staff exacerbate existing problems in performance.
Measuring State Medicaid Home Care Participation and Intensity Using Latent Variables
Authors: Gonçalves Judite , Weaver France , Konetzka R. Tamara
Published: July 2018

Population aging and policies to redirect long-term care toward home- and community-based services have led to increases in Medicaid home care spending in most states. Changes in state Medicaid home care policy generosity may result from changes in the number of persons served (i.e., Participation) and/or changes in quantities of services covered (i.e., Intensity). This study measures state Medicaid home care Participation and Intensity comprehensively using latent variables, and uses those latent variables to describe changes in Medicaid home care policy generosity over time and across states. Yearly state-level data from the Medicaid Statistical Information System (1999-2012) are analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Between 1999 and 2012, 29 states expanded both Participation and Intensity, whereas six states reduced both. In the remaining states, a trade-off occurred. Distinguishing between Medicaid home care Participation and Intensity deserves attention, as expansions along these two dimensions represent potentially different implications for beneficiaries.
Asynchronous machine vector control: PIα controllers for current loops
Authors: Hammami Rahma , Ben Ameur Imène , Jelassi Khaled
Published: July 2018

This article deals with field-oriented control of induction machine squirrel cage. A robust fractional-order controller is applied and investigated to control the induction machine currents isd and isq. The fractional-order gives better fit in regulation operation. For this purpose, this controller form is recommended, especially in industrial systems, thanks to his flexibility, robustness and efficiency to solve complex problems such as electrical parameters changes (i.e. uncertain parameter) caused by the temperature effect. Based on frequency specification and several constraints, the fractional-order controller is designed. The fmincon toolbox optimization is used to adjust ki, kp and α values. In order to show the reliability of the developed controller in the induction machine behavior, several simulation results are carried out and illustrated.
The sarcastic implicatures of an ambivalent villain: Dahl’s Willy Wonka
Authors: Loveday Leo John
Published: July 2018

This study investigates the impoliteness of Willy Wonka, a leading character in the children’s fantasy novella Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and probes into the workings of his sadistic innuendo. While the menacing undertones of Wonka’s verbal aggression simultaneously thrill and horrify, they also deserve an explanation that goes beyond their trite dismissal as the embodiment of schoolboy humour. This research applies a Gricean framework to Wonka’s sarcastic discourse to reveal his grotesque violation of the social conventions of conversation. It scrutinises his covert verbal abuse with the aim of demonstrating how pragmatic resources help to serve literary characterisation. The analysis demonstrates how Dahl meticulously exploits the tool of conversational implicatures in order to position Wonka as an ambivalent villain.
‘A Crime of Almost Unspeakable Cruelty and Wickedness’: Gender, Agency and Murder in Scotland – The Case of Jeannie Donald
Authors: Ballinger Anette
Published: July 2018

Based on original Scottish Archive documents, this article contributes to a major gap in criminological research – Scottish women who were sentenced to death during the 20th century. Through the case study of Jeannie Donald, condemned to death in 1934 for the murder of her neighbour’s 8-year-old daughter, the article offers a critical analysis of a ‘limit’ case in relation to gender – that is, a case so subversive that it presents the ultimate challenge to idealized and traditional beliefs about maternity, motherhood and women’s nature as passive, submissive and gentle creatures. In doing so, it demonstrates that feminist analysis does not shy away from the cases of female perpetrators of crime so extreme that they cannot be recuperated into acceptable forms of femininity.
Achieving Better Integration in Trauma Care Delivery in India
Authors: Prætorius Thim , Chaudhuri Atanu , Venkataramanaiah S. , Hasle Peter , Singh Ajai
Published: July 2018

Interdependencies among healthcare providers result in complex healthcare supply chains with fragmented healthcare processes characterized by coordination failure and incentive misalignment. In developing countries where resources are scarce such coordination failures can have a severe impact on patient health. However, limited knowledge exists about how coordination takes place across and within the different healthcare service providers and how this influences hospital transfer time and length of stay. This article research this gap by studying trauma care delivery in India using a patient survey ( n = 104). The Indian healthcare system is insightful because India has to provide low-cost care to large populations living in geographically big areas and the healthcare infrastructure struggles to meet increasing demands. The findings suggest mechanisms to better integrate the processes from the accident site to the hospital which include setting up referral processes, 24-hour ambulance services, using third-party coordinators and process improvement within the hospital following lean principles.
Modelling Trends in Contraception Usage in Nigeria and Ghana
Authors: Udomboso Christopher Godwin , Amoateng A.Y.
Published: July 2018

This study examines trends in contraception usage using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Nigeria (2013) and Ghana (2008, 2014). We used a cubic spline to estimate values between intervals, analysed using the time-series neural network model and forecasting till 2030. Results show contraception usage increasing with an average rate of 4.4 per cent, desire not to use declining at an average rate of 0.7 per cent and the use of modern contraception increasing at an average rate of 5.1 per cent. Use of traditional contraception is still increasing in Nigeria at a rate of 0.6 per cent but declining in Ghana at a rate of 0.3 per cent. By 2030, injectables would be mostly used, while the withdrawal method will be preferred among those still in favour of the traditional method. These trends show the readiness of the two countries to embrace the use of modern contraception in an effort to promote the campaign for Planned Parenthood and Family Programme.
Major Determinants of Infant Mortality
Authors: Banerjee Subhanil
Published: July 2018

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the most important development indicators. In India, there is a severe interstate disparity regarding IMR. Kerala registers a very low IMR; whereas in Odisha it is pretty high. It is somewhat paradoxical as Odisha fares substantially better than many other states with lower IMR regarding total fertility rate, antenatal care and in many other aspects. The present article attempts to investigate the applicability of usually perceived major determinants of IMR as evidenced in the existing literature for Odisha. The panel data multiple regression carried out with data of 30 districts of Odisha over three years indicates that physiological and behavioural factors together with maternal and demographic factors are perhaps more important than the health programmes for reduction of IMR in Odisha. Moreover, many of the usually perceived major determinants of IMR including economic betterment are statistically insignificant for Odisha. The policymakers should take into account these facts and instead of a series of health programmes, they might resort to awareness building regarding breastfeeding and birth spacing. Mother’s nutritional status should also be strengthened so that they can sustain exhaustive breastfeeding for first six months after the birth of the child.
Enhancing seismic performance of unbonded prestressed concrete bridge column using superelastic shape memory alloy
Authors: Liu Xiaoxian , Li Jianzhong , Tsang Hing-Ho , Wilson John
Published: July 2018

In this article, an application of superelastic shape memory alloy strands for improving the seismic performance of unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete bridge column is proposed. In the reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel-shape memory alloy strands, superelastic shape memory alloy strands are put in series with unbonded steel strands, and the loading plateau of shape memory alloy is exploited to limit the increase in the axial load of column under an earthquake. Quasi-static analysis and seismic analysis were conducted to compare the seismic performance of conventional reinforced concrete column, reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel strands, and the proposed reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel-shape memory alloy strands. Result shows that reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel-shape memory alloy strands has larger ultimate displacement capacity than reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel strands in the quasi-static analysis. In the seismic analysis, reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel-shape memory alloy strands suffers from smaller earthquake residual displacement than reinforced concrete column and reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel strands. Furthermore, parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the effects of unbonded steel strand ratio, prestressing force ratio, bonded longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and maximum tensile force ratio (area of shape memory alloy strands) on the ultimate displacement and quasi-static residual displacement of reinforced concrete column with unbonded prestressing steel-shape memory alloy strands. Results show that increasing the prestressing force ratio and the maximum tensile force ratio within certain ranges can improve the self-centering capability of column. Increasing the area of bonded longitudinal reinforcement and unbonded steel strand ratio results in larger residual displacement.
Indigenization as inclusion, reconciliation, and decolonization: navigating the different visions for indigenizing the Canadian Academy
Authors: Gaudry Adam , Lorenz Danielle
Published: July 2018

Following the release of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s Calls to Action, Canadian universities and colleges have felt pressured to indigenize their institutions. What “indigenization” has looked like, however, has varied significantly. Based on the input from an anonymous online survey of 25 Indigenous academics and their allies, we assert that indigenization is a three-part spectrum. On one end is Indigenous inclusion, in the middle reconciliation indigenization, and on the other end decolonial indigenization. We conclude that despite using reconciliatory language, post-secondary institutions in Canada focus predominantly on Indigenous inclusion. We offer two suggestions of policy and praxis— treaty-based decolonial indigenization and resurgence-based decolonial indigenization—to demonstrate a way toward more just Canadian academy.
Strong Circadian Rhythms in the Choroid Plexus: Implications for Sleep-Independent Brain Metabolite Clearance
Authors: Myung Jihwan , Wu Dean , Simonneaux Valérie , Lane Timothy Joseph
Published: July 2018

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a fluidic part of the brain’s microenvironment that isolates the brain from the rest of the body. CSF dilutes metabolites from neuronal activities and removes them from the brain. Its production and resorption are regulated dynamically and are central to maintaining brain homeostasis. We discovered that the major CSF source, the choroid plexus (CP), harbors the brain’s strongest circadian clock. Here, we consider some implications of the CP circadian clock for metabolite clearance in the brain. If the circadian clock contributes to timed production of the CSF, its synchronization with sleep timing can maximize clearance efficiency and help prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Homeostatic Regulation of Interneuron Apoptosis During Cortical Development
Authors: Denaxa Myrto , Neves Guilherme , Burrone Juan , Pachnis Vassilis
Published: July 2018

The mammalian cortex consists of two main neuronal types: the principal excitatory pyramidal neurons (PNs) and the inhibitory interneurons (INs). The interplay between these two neuronal populations – which drive excitation and inhibition (E/I balance), respectively – is crucial for controlling the overall activity in the brain. A number of neurological and psychiatric disorders have been associated with changes in E/I balance. It is not surprising, therefore, that neural networks employ several different mechanisms to maintain their firing rates at a stable level, collectively referred as homeostatic forms of plasticity. Here, we share our views on how the size of IN populations may provide an early homeostatic checkpoint for controlling brain activity. In a recent paper published in Cell Reports, we demonstrate that the extent of IN apoptosis during a critical early postnatal period is plastic, cell type specific, and can be reduced in a cell-autonomous manner by acute increases in neuronal activity. We propose that a critical interplay between the physiological state of the network and its cellular units fine-tunes the size of IN populations with the aim of stabilizing network activity.
Regional Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Aging
Authors: Catchlove Sarah J , Parrish Todd B , Chen Yufen , Macpherson Helen , Hughes Matthew E , Pipingas Andrew
Published: July 2018

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) reflects the response of brain blood vessels to vasoactive stimuli, such as neural activity. The current research assessed age-related changes in regional CVR to 5% CO2 inhalation in younger (n = 30, range: 21-45 years) and older (n = 29, range: 55-75 years) adults, and the contribution of regional CVR to cognitive performance using blood-oxygen-level dependent contrast imaging (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3T field strength. CVR was measured by inducing hypercapnia using a block-design paradigm under physiological monitoring. Memory and attention were assessed with a comprehensive computerized aging battery. MRI data analysis was conducted using MATLAB® and SPM12. Memory and attention performance was positively associated with CVR in the temporal cortices. Temporal lobe CVR influenced memory performance independently of age, gender, and education level. When analyzing age groups separately, CVR in the hippocampus contributed significantly to memory score in the older group and was also related to subjective memory complaints. No associations between CVR and cognition were observed in younger adults. Vascular responsiveness in the brain has consequences for cognition in cognitively healthy people. These findings may inform other areas of research concerned with vaso-protective approaches for prevention or treatment of neurocognitive decline.
Five years before multiple sclerosis onset: Phenotyping the prodrome
Authors: Wijnands José MA , Zhu Feng , Kingwell Elaine , Zhao Yinshan , Ekuma Okechukwu , Lu Xinya , Evans Charity , Fisk John D , Marrie Ruth Ann , Tremlett Helen
Published: July 2018

Background:

The multiple sclerosis (MS) prodrome is poorly characterized.

Objective:

To phenotype the MS prodrome via health care encounters.

Methods:

Using data from a population-based cohort study linking administrative and clinical data in four Canadian provinces, we compared physician and hospital encounters and prescriptions filled (via International Classification of Diseases chapters, physician specialty or drug classes) for MS subjects in the 5 years before the first demyelinating claim in an administrative cohort or the clinical symptom onset in an MS clinic-derived cohort, to age-, sex- and geographically matched controls. Rate ratios (RRs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and proportions were estimated.

Results:

The administrative and clinical cohorts included 13,951/66,940 and 3202/16,006 people with and without MS (cases/controls). Compared to controls, in the 5 years before the first demyelinating claim or symptom onset, cases had more physician and hospital encounters for the nervous (RR (range) = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.05–5.10 to 4.75; 95% CI: 3.11–7.25), sensory (RR (range) = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.34–1.46 to 2.28; 95% CI: 1.72–3.02), musculoskeletal (RR (range) = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07–1.33 to 1.70; 95% CI: 1.57–1.85) and genito-urinary systems (RR (range) = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.30 to 1.59; 95% CI: 1.48–1.70). Cases had more psychiatrist and urologist encounters (RR (range) = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36–1.62 to 1.80; 95% CI: 1.61–2.01), and higher proportions of musculoskeletal, genito-urinary or hormonal-related prescriptions (1.1–1.5 times higher, all p < 0.02). However, cases had fewer pregnancy-related encounters than controls (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.71–0.86 to 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84–0.92).

Conclusion:

Phenotyping the prodrome 5 years before clinical recognition of MS is feasible.
Bringing together the Listening Guide and Moral Self-Definition for narrative analysis of older people’s understanding of health-related decision-making
Authors: Robins-Browne Kate , Guillemin Marilys , Hegarty Kelsey , Palmer Victoria Jane
Published: July 2018

Identity and decision-making are interrelated concepts, but the relationship between them is complex particularly when an unwell person’s ability to make decisions is compromised. In this article we discuss how moral self-definition (Nelson, 2001;Walker, 1987) can be used within a Listening Guide (LG) analysis to extend analysis of the temporal relationship between identity and decisions. In this project, the LG was used to analyze interviews exploring older people’s understanding of medical decision-making when the unwell person’s capacity is diminished. The second step of the LG drew attention to the participants’ expression of decision-making voices and health-related identities, but the iterative and temporal relationship between identity and decisions was less well illuminated. Therefore, we applied the theoretical framework of moral self-definition within the third listening. The focus of this article is on how moral self-definition can be integrated as a theoretical framework within the contrapuntal listening to extend the LG analysis.
The Kodály Concept in the United States: Early American Adaptations to Recent Evolutions
Authors: Sheridan Megan M.
Published: July 2018

Zoltán Kodály, a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, and music educator, is widely known for his philosophical and pedagogical contributions to music education. The purpose of this article was to trace the development of the Kodály movement in the United States from its implementation in the 1960s to present day. Questions that guided the research were (1) Who was Zoltán Kodály and what was his philosophy of music education? (2) Who were some of the American music educators who initially implemented the Kodály concept in the United States and what role did they play in the spread of the concept? and (3) How has the Kodály concept evolved in the United States? Following an overview of Kodály and his philosophy, the contributions of Mary Helen Richards, Denise Bacon, Lois Choksy, and Sr. Lorna Zemke during the early years of the Kodály movement are discussed. The evolution of the Kodály concept is discussed in relation to the work of Lois Choksy, Ann Eisen and Lamar Robertson, John Feierabend, Susan Brumfield, and Mícheál Houlahan and Philip Tacka. A conclusion includes suggestions for the advancement of the Kodály concept, including the need for research on the methods of the approach.
Scoping Review: Social Determinants of Young Children’s Participation in the United States
Authors: Rosenfeld Lindsay , Kramer Jessica M. , Levin Melissa , Barrett Kimberly , Acevedo-Garcia Dolores
Published: July 2018

Optimal child development is supported by services, policies, a social determinants of health (SDOH) frame, and meaningful participation (as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health–Children and Youth [ICF-CY]). This scoping review describes the social determinants that may affect the participation of young children aged 0 to 3 years with developmental disabilities (DD) in the United States. Scoping review of studies including U.S. children with DD aged 0 to 3 years, from 2000 to 2016, were used. 5/979 studies met inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently coded studies to align them with both ICF-CY and SDOH. Studies found determinants of participation stemming from the child (e.g., individual) and multiple contexts: immediate, community, and policy. The emergent literature continues to primarily focus on child determinants but suggests participation of young children with DD is affected by social determinants stemming from the community and policy contexts. The literature underrepresents children from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds.
Equine pericardium-covered stenting in post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of cavernous internal carotid artery
Authors: Gonzalez-Cantero Jorge L , del Valle Diéguez Mariano , Monteserín Matesanz Cristina , Saura Lorente Javier , Villoria Medina Francisco , Fortea Gil Fernando , Castro Reyes Enrique
Published: July 2018

We report a case of traumatic intracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysm treated with an equine pericardium-covered stent. The patient was admitted to the Emergency Department after sustaining severe polytrauma in a motor vehicle accident. A cavernous carotid pseudoaneurysm was detected after an episode of massive epistaxis that required emergent nasal packing. Treatment with parent vessel sacrifice was ruled out after an unfavourable balloon test occlusion. We opted for an equine pericardium-covered stent as a means to immediately seal the wall defect in the setting of massive bleeding secondary to an unstable lesion. We describe the potential benefits and drawbacks of these prostheses and the technical difficulties encountered in this particular case. To our best knowledge, this is the first published case report on a post-traumatic intracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with an equine pericardium-covered stent.
Optimization of warship formation air defense combat model based on dynamic scheduling of combat resources
Authors: Ma Liang , Wang Jian-guo
Published: July 2018

Aiming at the problem of limited resources and operational time combat air defense combat, naval combat formation analysis dynamic resources scheduling needs, on the basis of the establishment of ship dynamic scheduling model of warship formation combat resources dynamic combat formation resource scheduling, the operational resources and operational objectives, relationship between reasonable allocation of resources to play the warship formation combat operations the maximum efficiency. The design of three kinds of air defense command models: centralized platform free attack mode, command mode, request attack mode of air defense strategy, put forward the dynamic scheduling hybrid algorithm for solving the model, according to the naval fleet air defense combat scenario example for simulation. The simulation results show that the air defense strategy with the request attack mode can have effects on multi-target attacks under the shared combat situation, and the hybrid algorithm based on combat resource dynamic scheduling can meet the real-time operational requirements.
The efficacy of mirabegron in the treatment of urgency and the potential utility of combination therapy
Authors: Andersson Karl-Erik , Choudhury Nurul , Cornu Jean-Nicolas , Huang Moses , Korstanje Cees , Siddiqui Emad , Van Kerrebroeck Philip
Published: July 2018

Urgency is the prevalent and most bothersome symptom of overactive bladder (OAB) and the treatment of urgency is the primary objective in the management of OAB. Urgency has a major impact on other symptoms of OAB and culminates in an increased frequency of micturition and reduced volume voided, which may contribute to shorter intervals between the need to void. Antimuscarinic agents and mirabegron, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, constitute the main oral pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of urgency and other OAB symptoms. The reduction of urgency and other OAB symptoms significantly improve health-related quality of life. This review will explore the distinct mechanisms of action and effects of antimuscarinic agents and mirabegron, in relation to their effect on the pathophysiology of urgency. The review will also provide an overview of the various validated measurements of urgency and the numerous clinical trials regarding antimuscarinic agent monotherapy, mirabegron monotherapy, or combination treatment with mirabegron added on to the antimuscarinic agent solifenacin. A narrative review of the literature relating to pathophysiology of urgency, the validated measurements of urgency, and clinical trials relating to the pharmacological treatment of urgency. Antimuscarinic agent monotherapy, mirabegron monotherapy, or combination treatment with mirabegron added on to the antimuscarinic agent solifenacin statistically significantly reduce the symptoms of urgency compared with placebo. Combination therapy with mirabegron added on to solifenacin also statistically significantly reduces the symptoms of severe urgency compared with antimuscarinic agent monotherapy. A critique of the clinical benefits of combination therapy is also provided. Combination therapy provides an alternative treatment in patients with OAB that includes urgency who respond poorly to first-line monotherapy and who may otherwise often move on to more invasive treatments.
Familial inheritance and screening of first-degree relatives in common variable immunodeficiency and immunoglobulin A deficiency patients
Authors: Karaca Neslihan Edeer , Severcan Ezgi Ulusoy , Bilgin Burcu Guven , Azarsiz Elif , Akarcan Sanem , Gunaydın Nursen Cigerci , Gulez Nesrin , Genel Ferah , Aksu Guzide , Kutukculer Necil
Published: July 2018

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) are the most prevalent primary immunodeficiency disorders. High rates of familial inheritance have been described in CVID and IgAD, but it is unknown in different ethnic populations. We aimed to determine the prevalence of familial cases and whether they showed more severe clinical characteristics than sporadic ones in Turkish patients. A total of 40 CVID and 70 IgAD patients and their 251 first-degree relatives (FDRs) were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were reviewed. A familial case was defined as a patient with at least one affected FDR (A-FDR). The rate of parental consanguinity was 19.1%. There were 37 familial cases (37/110) (33.6%) with at least one A-FDR. There were 48 A-FDRs who had immunoglobulins lower than age-related normals (48/251) (19.1%). Pulmonary infections were significantly higher in familial cases. To our knowledge, this study includes the highest number of CVID/IgAD patients and their FDRs in literature. Familial cases are at least 30% of the IgAD and CVID patients, and they have more frequent lower respiratory tract infections than sporadic ones, so these patients have to be evaluated depending on their being familial or sporadic for better management. The risk of carrying any immunologic alterations in relatives of patients with IgAD and CVID is approximately 20%. Although most A-FDRs are asymptomatic, considering the risk of progression to CVID by age, we highly recommend routine screening for FDRs.
How Does the Negative Impact of an Athlete’s Reputational Crisis Spill Over to Endorsed and Competing Brands? The Moderating Effects of Consumer Knowledge
Authors: Sato Shintaro , Ko Yong Jae , Chang Yonghwan , Kay Mark
Published: July 2018

Despite some of the recent examinations of an athlete’s reputational crisis (ARC), their negative spillover effects on endorsed and competing brands have been overlooked. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between perceived severity, athlete endorser credibility (i.e., incompetence, untrustworthiness), and attitudes towards endorsed and competing brands. To enhance theoretical understanding of the phenomenon, the moderating role of consumer knowledge was also tested. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk ( N = 339). A multigroup structural equation model was employed to test the hypothesized model. Results indicated that the severity of an ARC is associated with the perceived incompetence and untrustworthiness of focal athletes. Perceived incompetence is associated with negative evaluation of an endorsed brand. Furthermore, this impact is significantly stronger for consumers with greater knowledge of the athletes than those who are less knowledgeable. Interestingly, competitor brands received negative impact indirectly from the athlete endorsers’ incompetence. This spillover effect is also manifested differently depending on the level of consumer knowledge.
Impact of Chronic Pain on Patients’ Quality of Life: A Comparative Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Abdul , McHugh Gretl A , Closs S José
Published: July 2018

Background:

Chronic pain has become a common problem within primary care and can negatively impact patients’ lives.

Objective:

To assess and explore the impact of chronic pain on patients’ quality of life (QoL) using quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

Methods:

A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used. Chronic pain patients were recruited from a community-based pain clinic located in the North of England. Quality of life was assessed using Short-Form 36 version 2. Quality of life data were also extracted from the Third Oxford and Lifestyles Survey and Welsh Health Survey to allow comparison of QoL of chronic pain patients with that of the general population and patients with long-term conditions. Qualitative interviews were conducted face-to-face using a semistructured topic guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and qualitative data were analyzed thematically.

Results:

Seventy-nine patients participated in the quantitative phase. The mean (standard deviation) age was 46.5 (14.5). Lower back (54; 68.3%) followed by lower limb were the most common pain sites. Compared with the general population and patients with long-term conditions, chronic pain patients had significantly lower mean QoL scores across all domains of SF-36 (All P < .05). Six themes emerged from qualitative data: interference with physical functioning, interference with professional life, interference with relationships and family life, interference with social life, interference with sleep, and interference with mood.

Conclusion:

The multidimensional negative impact of chronic pain leads to poorer QoL among patients with chronic pain compared to the general population and patients with other long-term conditions.
“Wrestling With the Politics and Ideology”: Teacher Educators’ Responses to Dyslexia Discourse and Legislation
Authors: Worthy Jo , Salmerón Cori , Long Stacia L. , Lammert Catherine , Godfrey Vickie
Published: July 2018

Since 1985, when Texas passed the first dyslexia law, there has been a profusion of dyslexia legislation across the country, with a rapid increase in recent years. Including Texas, which has multiple laws, 42 states have passed dyslexia legislation focused on identification, intervention, accommodations, funding, and/or dyslexia specialists. Seven states, including Texas, require or “encourage” teacher preparation programs to address state-approved information about identification and intervention, even though the concept is not well understood or defined. Teacher educators are frequently criticized for not preparing teachers to address dyslexia, yet their perspectives are not represented in the conversation. To address this gap, we interviewed literacy teacher educators about their perspectives of reading challenges, dyslexia, and legislation that requires them to teach about dyslexia. We analyzed the data employing authoritative discourse and disability critical race studies (DisCrit) as theoretical frameworks. This article presents portraits of three teacher educators that represent a range of participant perspectives.