bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auf- und Absteiger in der Klinikbranche: Gesundheit Nord – Fass ohne Boden
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: February 2023

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
Thieme Management Award 2022: Ehrung für exzellentes Management
Authors: Herrschelmann Anna
Published: February 2023

Auf der Gala des Clubs der Gesundheitswirtschaft (cdgw) werden jährlich zwei Persönlichkeiten aus der Branche für ihre Verdienste um ihr Unternehmen und den Wirtschaftszweig mit dem Thieme Management Award ausgezeichnet.
Projekt FLEX4UKW: „Komplette Hinwendung zum Arbeitsmarkt“
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: February 2023

Das Universitätsklinikum Würzburg hat ein innovatives Arbeitsmodell für Teilzeitkräfte in der Pflege eingeführt. Pflegedirektor Marcus Huppertz erläutert das Konzept „FLEX4UKW“, das sich deutlich von anderen Flexpools unterscheidet.
Pflegeassistenzsysteme: Serviceroboter mit Nebenjob
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: February 2023

Ein Verbundforschungsprojekt unter Leitung des LMU-Klinikums hat untersucht, inwiefern sich ein Robotermodell, das bisher in Hotels zum Einsatz kommt, auch für die Entlastung der Pflegekräfte eignet. Die ersten Resultate sind vielversprechend.
Nachlese 19. DGIV-Kongress: Gesundheitspolitische Aufgaben 2023
Authors: Kloepfer Albrecht
Published: February 2023

Der DGIV-Kongress Ende letzten Jahres hat mit der überschrift „360 Tage Ampel – Neue Wege zur Integrierten Versorgung“ eine erste Bilanz gezogen - wohl wissend, dass ein solcher erster Rückblick angesichts der Besonderheiten der laufenden Legislaturperiode auch unfair ist.
Lichtblick: Gute Geschichten aus der Klinik
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: February 2023

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Economic Insecurity, Institutional Trust and Populist Voting Across Europe
Authors: Ivanov Denis
Published: February 2023

This study revisits the drivers of populist voting in Europe, focusing on the interplay between economic insecurity and institutional trust. Specifically, it examines the degree to which the decision to vote for a populist party is driven by economic insecurity, while explicitly accounting for the moderating role of two types of institutional trust: trust in national institutions and trust in the European Parliament. The paper tests this moderating effect primarily using the European Social Survey (ESS), but also combining it with data from the World Inequality Database (WID). It finds support for the view that trust in institutions moderates the effect of economic insecurity on populist voting, with greater trust associated with less populist voting, except for the most economically insecure members of the population, whose propensity to vote for populist parties is unaffected by institutional trust.
Electrostatic restacking of two-dimensional materials to generate novel hetero-superlattices and their energy applications
Authors: Pramoda K. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: February 2023

Among the 2D materials, van der Waals heterostructures formed by vertically placing a monolayer of one 2D material over a single layer of another 2D material are gaining importance. As an alternative to such structures, ladder-like networks composed of two different 2D materials with an alternate arrangement of heterolayers can be generated by an electrostatic restacking strategy. The electrostatic restacking of 2D materials is achieved a great success. Various 2D/2D hetero-superlattices reported in the literature are MoS2/graphene, MnO2/Ti3C2, Ti3C2/graphene, NiAl–layered double hydroxides (LDHs)/graphene, and NiAl–LDHs/Ti3C2. The electrostatic restacking of different 2D materials generates novel 2D/2D hetero-superlattices. These hetero-superlattices display interesting electrocatalytic properties as supercapacitor electrodes, for water splitting reactions, as well as a noteworthy activity as cathode materials in lithium/sodium ion batteries. Ladder-like 3D networks of heterolayers obtained by phase-to-phase restacking improve charge-transfer interactions and the accessible area between active sites and electrolyte, thereby showing a higher electrocatalytic activity. The volumetric energy density of 32.6 Wh L−1 obtained with Ti3C2/graphene as a supercapacitor electrode is the highest reported among carbon-based materials. While the BCN/MoS2 superlattice shows a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity comparable to Pt/C, unilamellar metallic MoS2/graphene and MnO2/graphene hetero-superlattices are reported to be efficient for both HER and sodium storage. The ambient instability of various 2D materials under electrocatalytic environments can be improved either by surface-functionalization or by forming hetero-superlattices.
Volume relaxation of soda-lime silicate glasses below glass transition temperature
Authors: Hamada Yuya , Murota Teppei , Shimizu Masahiro , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Miura Kiyotaka
Published: February 2023

Structural relaxation is a widely known phenomenon that occurs in glassy systems, which still attracts strong industrial and research interest. Although the volume change associated with structural relaxation is well described by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts function, its origin, particularly from a glass structural viewpoint, is not clearly defined. To understand the behavior of structural relaxation, in this study, we performed volume relaxation evaluations, Raman spectroscopy assessments, and surface resistivity measurements before and after annealing at 50 K below the glass transition temperature Tg of soda-lime silicate glasses with the same Tg but different fragilities. The combined results indicated that the following changes in the glass structure occurred during the structural relaxation: (1) reorganization of the SiO2 network; (2) transfer of Na ions from the ion channel region into the SiO2 network region; and (3) segmentation of the ion channel region in the modified random network model.
Numerical modeling of CuSbSe2-based dual-heterojunction thin film solar cell with CGS back surface layer
Authors: Saha Bipin , Mondal Bipanko Kumar , Mostaque Shaikh Khaled , Hossain Mainul , Hossain Jaker
Published: February 2023

Ternary chalcostibite copper antimony selenide (CuSbSe2) can be a potential absorber for succeeding thin film solar cells due to its non-toxic nature, earth-abundance, low-cost fabrication technique, optimum bandgap, and high optical absorption coefficient. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in conventional single heterojunction CuSbSe2 solar cells suffer from higher recombination rate at the interfaces and the presence of a Schottky barrier at the back contact. In this study, we propose a dual-heterojunction n-ZnSe/p-CuSbSe2/p+-copper gallium selenide (CGS) solar device, having CGS as the back surface field (BSF) layer. The BSF layer absorbs low energy (sub-bandgap) light through a tail-states-assisted upconversion technique, leading to enhanced conversion efficiency. Numerical simulations were run in Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-1 dimensional software to examine how the performance of the proposed solar cell would respond under different conditions of absorber layer thickness, doping levels, and defect densities. The simulation results exhibit a PCE as high as 43.77% for the dual-heterojunction solar cell as compared to 27.74% for the single heterojunction n-ZnSe/p-CuSbSe2 counterpart, demonstrating the capability of approaching the detailed balance efficiency limit calculated by Shockley–Queisser.
Generating reconfigurable acoustic orbital angular momentum with double-layer acoustic metasurface
Authors: Li Zhixiang , Lei Yi , Guo Kai , Guo Zhongyi
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a double-layer acoustic metasurface (DAM) composed of a fixed lower acoustic metasurface (LAM) and a rotatable upper acoustic metasurface (UAM) is proposed for the generation of mode-reconfigurable acoustic orbital angular momentum (OAM). The UAM and LAM are divided into multiple sections, in which the hybrid structures combining cascaded Helmholtz resonators and a straight pipe are adopted to achieve specific phase compensation. By rotating the UAM, the incident acoustic plane wave can be efficiently converted into the vortex acoustic waves of reconfigurable topological charges ranging from −5 to +5 with distinguishable purity. Furthermore, the influences of the parameters on the purity of the generated topological charges have been investigated and discussed, such as the distance between LAM and UAM, rotatable angle error, and operating frequency. With the capability of reconfigurable OAM modes, the proposed DAM can be used to efficiently increase capacity or to conveniently switch between different channels in underwater vortex acoustic communications.
Magnetic vortex mobility for hollow Fe3O4 submicron particles studied by a hysteresis scaling technique
Authors: Kobayashi Satoru , Kiseleva Tatiana , Sangaa Deleg , Jargalan Narmandakh , Uyanga Enkhnaran
Published: February 2023

We report results of magnetic hysteresis scaling of minor loops for hollow Fe3O4 submicron particles with variable diameter of 400–720 nm. As in the case of bulk ferromagnetic materials, a power-law scaling with an exponent of ∼1.5 was found to universally hold true between hysteresis loss and remanence of minor loops, although the magnetization process is significantly different from a bulk ferromagnet where irreversible Bloch wall displacement plays a crucial role. The minor-loop coefficient decreases with inner/outer diameter ratio and is almost independent of temperature above T = 30 K. The behavior of the coefficient indicates that a mobility of a magnetic vortex under magnetic fields increases with increasing a inner/outer diameter ratio of a hollow sphere and is weakly temperature dependent. The results suggest that the coefficient can be a sensitive indicator of the particle geometry for vortex spherical particles.
The HP1α protein is mandatory to repress the circadian clock and its output genes during the 12 h period of transcriptional repression
Authors: Misra Nisha , Damara Manohar , Chambon Pierre
Published: February 2023

The transcriptional repressions driven by the circadian core clock repressors RevErbα, E4BP4, and CRY1/PER1 involve feedback loops which are mandatory for generating the circadian rhythms. These repressors are known to bind to cognate DNA binding sites, but how their circadian bindings trigger the cascade of events leading to these repressions remain to be elucidated. Through molecular and genetic analyses, we now demonstrate that the chromatin protein HP1α plays a key role in these transcriptional repressions of both the circadian clock (CC) genes and their cognate output genes (CCGs). We show that these CC repressors recruit the HP1α protein downstream from a repressive cascade, and that this recruitment is mandatory for the maintenance of both the CC integrity and the expression of the circadian genes. We further show that the presence of HP1α is critical for both the repressor-induced chromatin compaction and the generation of “transcriptionally repressed biomolecular hydrophobic condensates” and demonstrates that HP1α is mandatory within the CC output genes for both the recruitment of DNA methylating enzymes on the intronic deoxyCpG islands and their subsequent methylation.
Effects of Localized Interface Phonons on Heat Conductivity in Ingredient Heterogeneous Solids
Authors: Wu Mei , Shi Ruochen , Qi Ruishi , Li Yuehui , Feng Tao , Liu Bingyao , Yan Jingyuan , Li Xiaomei , Liu Zhetong , Wang Tao , Wei Tongbo , Liu Zhiqiang , Du Jinlong , Chen Ji , Gao Peng
Published: February 2023

Phonons are the primary heat carriers in non-metallic solids. In compositionally heterogeneous materials, the thermal properties are believed to be mainly governed by the disrupted phonon transport due to mass disorder and strain fluctuations, while the effects of compositional fluctuation induced local phonon states are usually ignored. Here, by scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy and sophisticated calculations, we identify the vibrational properties of ingredient-dependent interface phonon modes in Al
x
Ga1 – x
N and quantify their various contributions to the local interface thermal conductance. We demonstrate that atomic-scale compositional fluctuation has significant influence on the vibrational thermodynamic properties, highly affecting the mode ratio and vibrational amplitude of interface phonon modes and subsequently redistributing their modal contribution to the interface thermal conductance. Our work provides fundamental insights into understanding of local phonon-boundary interactions in nanoscale inhomogeneities, which reveal new opportunities for optimization of thermal properties via engineering ingredient distribution.
Fast artifact filtering algorithm for electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Han Siyuan , Yu Guoqiang , Lu Wei , Xue Beichen , Gao Xiguang , Song Yingdong
Published: February 2023

Owing to the ill-conditioned nature of electrical resistivity tomography and the measurement error of the hardware equipment, the reconstructed resistivity distribution image often contains artifacts of varying degrees. Other soft-field imaging technologies, such as electrical impedance tomography and electrical capacitance tomography, also encounter artifacts. Artifacts interfere with the assessment of damaged areas. To eliminate the influence of artifacts on the reconstructed image, a novel artifact elimination algorithm called the fast artifact filtering (FAF) algorithm is proposed. Based on the calculation results of existing algorithms, such as the Newton’s one-step error reconstructor (NOSER) algorithm, the FAF algorithm can remove the damaged areas with low confidence from the potentially damaged areas and only retain the damaged areas with high confidence for final imaging. Several simulation models were used to test the effectiveness of the artifact elimination algorithm proposed in this study. The test results show that the number of artifacts in the final reconstructed image is significantly reduced after the NOSER algorithm is combined with the FAF algorithm. In addition, when the number of finite element model division elements was 4802, the refresh time of a single image increased by approximately 1 ms. A structural health monitoring test for hollow structure is provided. The results show that the FAF also performs well on the measured voltage data.
Pursuit problem with a stochastic prey that sees its chasers
Authors: Su Meng , Bernardi Davide , Lindner Benjamin
Published: February 2023

A recent stochastic pursuit model describes a pack of chasers (hounds) that actively move toward a target (hare) that undergoes pure Brownian diffusion (Bernardi and Lindner 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
128 040601). Here, this model is extended by introducing a deterministic ‘escape term’, which depends on the hounds’ positions. In other words, the hare can ‘see’ the approaching hounds and run away from them, in addition to the ‘blind’ random diffusion. In the case of a single chaser, the mean capture time (CT) can still be computed analytically. At weak noise, the qualitative behavior of the system depends on whether the hare’s maximum running drift speed is above or below a critical value (the pursuers’ speed), but not on the target’s viewing range, whereas the capture statistics at strong noise is similar to those of the original model without escape term. When multiple hounds are present, the behavior of the system is surprisingly similar to the original model with purely diffusing target, because the escape terms tend to compensate each other if the prey is encircled. At weak noise levels and ‘supracritical’ maximum escape speed, the hare can slip through the chaser pack and lead to a very strong increase of the mean CT with respect to the blind case. This large difference is due to rare events, which are enhanced when the symmetry in the initial conditions is disrupted by some randomness. Comparing the median of the CT probability density (which reflects the typical CT) with the mean CT makes clear the contribution of rare events with exceptionally long CTs.
First principle study of optical and electronic response of Ca-based novel chalcopyrite compounds
Authors: Khan Karina , Sharma Kamal N , Soni Amit , Sahariya Jagrati
Published: February 2023

A series of Ca-based novel chalcopyrite compounds have been studied by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. In this work, we have used one of the utmost precise exchange and correlation functional of Tran-Blaha modified Becke Johnson (TB-mBJ) for the investigation of electronic as well as optical properties of Ca based chalcopyrite compounds namely, CaXY2 (X = Ge, Sn; Y = N, P, As). The computed energy bands and density of states reveals the semiconducting nature of all these studied compounds. The bandgap of CaXY2 (X = Ge, Sn; Y = N, P, As) compounds are found within the energy range 1.60–3.74 eV. The frequency dependent optical properties are investigated here, to understand the probable usage of these Ca-based chalcopyrite’s in optoelectronic applications. The imaginary dielectric tensors are presented and explained in terms of inter-band transitions. The integrated absorption coefficients are calculated to interpret the absorption spectra of all studied compounds.
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Ren Mingyang , Zhang Shanxiang , Liu Jiaqian , Qin Huan
Published: February 2023

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) is an emerging physical imaging technology that combines the high resolution of ultrasound imaging with the high contrast of microwave imaging and the advantages of deep penetration of microwave. MTAI uses microwave as the excitation source and ultrasound as the information carrier, through the transformation of microwave to ultrasound energy transfer form to achieve non-destructive, high-resolution imaging of biological tissue at a depth of centimeters. The contrast of the MTAI image is determined by the difference in microwave absorption. In biological tissues, polar molecules such as water molecules (molecular polarization loss) and ions (ion polarization loss) are mainly used as signal sources to obtain structural and functional images of biological tissues. After more than 20 years of development, MTAI has been applied to imaging various biological tissues and detecting multiple diseases, such as brain imaging, breast imaging, joint imaging, prostate cancer detection, cerebral hemorrhage detection, etc This paper provides a comprehensive review on: (1) the principle of MTAI, (2) application in the biomedical field, and (3) future development direction.
Numerical study of melt hydrodynamics in pulsed laser processing of nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Yang Jian , Tan Jiqing , Zhang Fuping , Chen Long , Xu Hongxing
Published: February 2023

Pulsed laser processing (PLP) of materials has wide-spread applications in the industry, yet the underlying complex material response to the incident laser pulse especially the melt flow mechanism is not fully understood. Knowledge of melt hydrodynamics can provide systematic theoretical guidance for the improvement of PLP quality. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model was built to simulate melt flow during PLP of nickel-based superalloy. The driving forces for melt hydrodynamics at different stages of laser pulse irradiation were studied comprehensively. Numerical results reveal that thermo-capillary stress drives radially-outward melt flow at the initial stage of laser pulse irradiation. At the middle stage, evaporation-induced recoil pressure is the dominant driving force for melt pool deformation, creating a depression at the center and a hump at the periphery. Thermo-capillary force has a minor effect on melt pool deformation but a large contribution to the flow velocity field. At the post-irradiation stage, the peripheral molten hump flows back rapidly and the melt pool experiences some gradually damping oscillations under the action of Young-Laplace stress. Moreover, it was demonstrated that laser power density plays an important role in deciding the melt flow characteristics and the relative contributions of different driving forces. The results in this study provide an unambiguous physical picture of the melt hydrodynamics in pulsed laser processing.
A comparison of the influence of plasmoid-drift mechanisms on plasma fuelling by cryogenic pellets in ITER and Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Panadero N. , Koechl F. , Polevoi A.R. , Baldzuhn J. , Beidler C.D. , Lang P.T. , Loarte A. , Matsuyama A. , McCarthy K.J. , Pégourié B. , Turkin Y.
Published: February 2023

Pellet injection is the most promising technique to achieve efficient plasma core fuelling, key for attaining stationary scenarios in large magnetic confinement fusion devices. In this paper, the injection of pellets with different volumes and speeds into standard plasma scenarios in ITER (tokamak) and Wendelstein 7-X (stellarator) is studied by modeling the pellet ablation and particle deposition, focusing on the evaluation of the expected differences in pellet plasmoid drifts in tokamaks and stellarators. Since the efficiency of the damping-drift mechanisms is predicted to depend on the magnetic configuration, device-specific characteristics are expected for the temporal evolution of the plasmoid drift acceleration. For instance, plasmoid-internal Pfirsch–Schlüter currents dominate the drift damping process for stellarators, while plasmoid-external currents are more relevant for tokamaks. Also, relatively larger drifts are in principle expected for W7-X due to higher field gradients in relation to machine dimensions. However, shorter plasmoid-internal charge reconnection lengths result in the drift damping due to internal Pfirsch–Schlüter currents being more effective than in a tokamak. Therefore, the average relative drift displacement during the whole plasmoid homogenization may a priori be comparable in both magnetic configurations. Moreover, High Field Side (HFS) injection is expected to be highly advantageous to maximize pellet particle deposition in ITER, whereas it may only be beneficial in medium to high β environments in W7-X. Finally, there may be means for the optimization of pellet injection configurations in both ITER and W7-X for the considered plasma scenarios despite the sizeable differences in the relative importance of the mechanisms of plasmoid drift acceleration and deceleration in play.
Enhancement of neoclassical impurity density up/down asymmetry and Pfirsch–Schlüter transport due to the plasma elongation in the tokamak plasmas
Authors: Pan Chengkang
Published: February 2023

The standard neoclassical theory of the impurity transport in tokamak plasma is improved by including the plasma elongation effect. The neoclassical up/down asymmetry of the impurity density is largely enhanced by the plasma elongation and is under-predicted by the neoclassical theory with the circular cross section assumption. Accordingly, the impurity Pfirsch–Schlüter neoclassical transport is also enhanced by the plasma elongation.
CernVM-FS ephemeral publishers on Kubernetes
Authors: Valenzuela Andrea , Blomer Jakob
Published: February 2023

The CernVM File System (CernVM-FS) is a global read-only POSIX file system that provides scalable and reliable software distribution to numerous scientific collaborations. It gives access to more than a billion binary files of experiment application software stacks and operating system containers to end user devices, grids, clouds, and supercomputers. CernVM-FS is asymmetric by construction. Writing into the repository is a centralized operation called publishing, while reading is allowed for many clients from many locations. The classic publishing process needs a dedicated “release manager machine” that provides the editable repository copy. This classic approach was improved thanks to the introduction of the CernVM-FS Gateway that provides concurrent access to the repository backend storage through a REST API. In this contribution, we present further improvements to the CernVM-FS publishing process. Our main contribution is the construction of ephemeral containers that are created on demand and used to provide a temporary, editable repository copy for a single publish operation. The container construction makes careful use of Linux namespaces and a user-space implementation of overlayfs. We further show that both the gateway and the containers used for publishing can be instantiated as pods in a kubernetes cluster. Thus, we demonstrate a kubernetes-native CernVM-FS publishing workflow.
CMS High Level Trigger performance comparison on CPUs and GPUs
Authors: Bocci Andrea
Published: February 2023

At the start of the upcoming LHC Run-3, CMS will deploy a heterogeneous High Level Trigger (HLT) farm composed of x86 CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs. In order to guarantee that the HLT can run on machines without any GPU accelerators - for example as part of the large scale Monte Carlo production running on the grid, or when individual developers need to optimise specific triggers - the HLT reconstruction has been implemented both for NVIDIA GPUs and for traditional CPUs. This contribution will describe how the CMS software used online and offline (CMSSW) can transparently switch between the two implementations, and compare their performance on GPUs and CPUs from different architectures, vendors and generations.
Developing GPU-compliant algorithms for CMS ECAL local reconstruction during LHC Run 3 and Phase 2
Authors: Reis Thomas
Published: February 2023

The higher LHC luminosities foreseen in Run 3 (2022+) and during the Phase 2 of the LHC (2029+), and the consequently larger number of simultaneous proton-proton collisions per event, pose significant challenges for the CMS event reconstruction. In particular maintaining the strict time budget for reconstruction algorithms at the CMS software high level trigger will not be possible considering only the expected increase of processing power from conventional CPUs. Therefore, CMS is investigating the use of heterogeneous architectures, including GPU accelerators, to satisfy the needs of the Phase 2 reconstruction. The local reconstruction algorithm of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is among the first to be implemented on heterogeneous platforms for LHC Run 3. This article discusses the necessary changes to the CMS software framework that support the execution of code on accelerators. The current development status of the ECAL local reconstruction algorithm is described and first performance results of GPU enabled code are presented.
DIRAC at JINR as a general purpose system for massive computations
Authors: Korenkov Vladimir , Pelevanyuk Igor , Tsaregorodtsev Andrei
Published: February 2023

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) has several large computing facilities: Tier1 and Tier2 grid clusters, Govorun supercomputer, cloud, and LHEP computing cluster. Each of them has different access protocols, authentication and authorization procedures, data access methods. With the help of the DIRAC Interware, we were able to integrate all these resources to provide a uniform access to all these facilities. Right now, it is possible to perform basic workflows on all resources. The main use-cases covered by the DIRAC service in JINR: centralized Monte-Carlo simulation for the MPD experiment, Monte-Carlo for the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope, as well as running jobs for the Folding@HOME project.

During the pre-production stage, it is important to estimate the characteristics of user jobs. That information is crucial for planning of the execution process on different resources. An approach was elaborated to collect data about RAM, CPU, and network consumption by each user job. This helped to tune the mass production algorithms before the production actually starts. Since the system processes tens of thousands of similar jobs during one particular production, it appeared to be possible to collect from DIRAC data about these jobs and perform analysis of their execution parameters. We collect data related to the CPU model, wall-time, CPU benchmark DB12, hostname, username, and resource name. An approach was elaborated to extract meta-data about job execution and visualize it. With this visualization, it became possible to compare different computing resources, study the CPU and worker node performance. This approach does not require submitting special jobs, so the resources are not wasted for this analysis.
Enabling CMS Experiment to the utilization of multiple hardware architectures: a Power9 Testbed at CINECA
Authors: Boccali T. , Spiga D , Rodrigues Alan Malta , Mascheroni M. , Fanzago F.
Published: February 2023

The CMS software stack (CMSSW) is built on a nightly basis for multiple hardware architectures and compilers, in order to benefit from the diverse platforms. In practice, still, only x86_64 binaries are used in production, and are supported by the workload management tools in charge of production and analysis job delivery to the distributed computing infrastructure. Profiting from an INFN grant at CINECA, a PRACE Tier-0 Center, tests have been carried on using IBM Power9 nodes from the Marconi100 HPC system. A first study on the modifications needed to the standard CMS WMS systems is shown, and very positive proof-of-concept tests have been conducted up to thousands of computing cores, also including an initial utilization of the GPUs which the nodes host. The current status of the tests, including plans to support multi-architecture workflows, are shown and discussed.
Evaluating query languages and systems for high-energy physics data
Authors: Graur Dan , Müller Ingo , Proffitt Mason , Fourny Ghislain , Watts Gordon T. , Alonso Gustavo
Published: February 2023

In the domain of high-energy physics (HEP), general-purpose query languages have found little adoption in analysis. This is surprising regarding SQL-based systems, as HEP data analysis matches SQL’s processing model well: the data is fully structured and makes use of predominantly standard operators. To better understand the situation, we select six general-purpose query engines, from both the SQL and NoSQL domain, and analyze their performance, scalability, and usability in HEP analysis, employing standard HEP tools as baseline. We also identify a set of core language features needed to support HEP data analysis. Our results reveal an interesting and complex picture: several query languages provide a rich and natural query development experience, while others fall short. In terms of performance, our results reveal that many of the database systems are one or two orders of magnitude slower than the standard HEP analysis tools, while others manage to scale and perform well. These conclusions suggest that while the existing data processing systems are viable candidates for HEP analysis, there is still work to be done to improve their performance and ability to succinctly express HEP queries.
Exploring data merging methods for a distributed processing system
Authors: Konopka Piotr , Haller Barthélémy von
Published: February 2023

The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider) is undertaking a major upgrade during the LHC Long Shutdown 2 in 2019-2021, which includes a new computing system called O2 (Online-Offline). The raw data input from the ALICE detectors will increase a hundredfold, up to 3.5 TB/s. By reconstructing the data online, it will be possible to compress the data stream down to 100 GB/s before storing it permanently.

The O2 software is a message-passing system. It will run on approximately 500 computing nodes performing reconstruction, compression, calibration and quality control of the received data stream. As a direct consequence of having a distributed computing system, locally generated data might be incomplete and could require merging to obtain complete results.

This paper presents the O2 Mergers, the software designed to match and combine partial data into complete objects synchronously to data taking. Based on a detailed study and results of extensive benchmarks, a qualitative and quantitative comparison of different merging strategies considered to reach the final design and implementation of the software is discussed.
The new GeoModel suite, a lightweight detector description and visualization toolkit for HEP
Authors: Bandieramonte M , Bianchi R M , Boudreau J , Dell’Acqua A , Tsulaia V
Published: February 2023

The GeoModel toolkit is an open-source suite of standalone tools that provides the user with lightweight tools to describe, visualize, test, and debug detector descriptions and geometries for HEP standalone studies and experiments. GeoModel has been designed with independence and responsiveness in mind and offers a development environment free of other large HEP tools and frameworks, and with a very quick development cycle. With very few and lightweight dependencies, GeoModel is easy to install on all systems, in a modular way; and pre-compiled binaries are provided for the major platforms, for a quick and easy installation. Coded entirely in C++, GeoModel offers the user tools to describe geometries inside C++ code or in external XML files, create persistent representation with a low disk footprint and interactively visualize and inspect the geometry in a 3D view. It also offers a plugin mechanism and an optional Geant4 application to simulate the described geometry in a standalone environment. GeoModel has been developed as part of the software for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, and evolved towards an experiment-independent toolkit. In this contribution, we describe all the available tools, with a focus on the latest additions, which provide users with more visualization, debug, and simulation tools.
Software Training in High Energy Physics
Authors: Villanueva Michel H. , Malik Sudhir , Evans Meirin Oan
Published: February 2023

Among the upgrades in current high energy physics (HEP) experiments and the new facilities coming online, solving software challenges has become integral to the success of the collaborations. The demand for human resources skilled in both HEP and software domains is increasing. With a highly distributed environment in human resources, the sustainability of the HEP ecosystem requires a continuous effort in the equipment of physicists with the required abilities in software development. In this paper, the collective software training program in HEP and its activities led by the HEP Software Foundation (HSF) and the Institute for Research and Innovation in Software in HEP (IRIS-HEP) are presented. Experiment-agnostic, open, and accessible modules for training have been developed, focusing on common software material with ranges from core software skills needed by everyone to advanced training required to produce high-quality sustainable software. A basic software curriculum was built, and an introductory software training event has been prepared to serve HEP entrants. This program serves individuals with transferable skills that are becoming increasingly important to careers in the realm of software and computing, whether inside or outside HEP.
An analysis of the omega meson conversion decay using neural network-based technique with the CMD-3 experiment
Authors: Kutsenko B D
Published: February 2023

The study of the conversion decay of the omega meson into π
0
e
+
e
− state was performed with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider in Novosibirsk. The main physical background to the process under study is radiative decay ω → π
0
γ, where monochromatic photon converts to e
+
e
− on the material in front of the detector. The deep neural network was used to suppress these background events. The neural network was trained based on Monte Carlo simulation. To control the systematic uncertainty of this approach the events of the process of inelastic scattering e
+
e
− → e
+
e
−
γ (eeγ) and events of annihilation into two photons (γγ) were used since they are similar to signal and background events under study. The cross-sections of these processes are well calculated based on quantum electrodynamics. The difference in the calculated and measured ratio of the number of events Neeγ
/Nγγ
was used to determine a systematic uncertainty. Using integrated luminosity about 10 pb
-1 collected at the c.m. energy range from 775 MeV to 800 MeV the visible cross-section of the process ω → π
0
e
+
e
− was measured. The preliminary result for the branching ratio Br(ω → π
0
e
+
e
−) was obtained.
Denoising Convolutional Networks to Accelerate Detector Simulation
Authors: Banerjee S , Cruz Rodriguez B , Franklin L , Guerrero De La Cruz H , Leininger T , Norberg S , Pedro K , Rosado Trinidad A , Ye Y
Published: February 2023

The high accuracy of detector simulation is crucial for modern particle physics experiments. However, this accuracy comes with a high computational cost, which will be exacerbated by the large datasets and complex detector upgrades associated with next-generation facilities such as the High Luminosity LHC. We explore the viability of regression-based machine learning (ML) approaches using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to “denoise” faster, lower-quality detector simulations, augmenting them to produce a higher-quality final result with a reduced computational burden. The denoising CNN works in concert with classical detector simulation software rather than replacing it entirely, increasing its reliability compared to other ML approaches to simulation. We obtain promising results from a prototype based on photon showers in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. Future directions are also discussed.
Fully Geant4 compatible package for the simulation of Dark Matter in fixed target experiments
Authors: Kirsanov Mikhail
Published: February 2023

A package for the simulation of Dark Matter (DM) particles is presented. It is intended for fixed target experiments. We chose the Geant4 toolkit framework as a standard in order to be compatible with particle tracking programs used in many High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. One part of the package is a collection of codes that return the cross sections of DM particles’ production in such processes as electron and muon bremsstrahlung off nuclei, annihilation in flight and Primakoff processes. In most cases they are calculated at runtime. In the case of bremsstrahlung processes the total cross sections are either calculated numerically at exact tree level (ETL) or calculated at runtime using approximations validated by comparing with results of the ETL calculations. Other parts contain codes for the simulation of the above mentioned processes and DM particle classes.
Inference of astrophysical parameters with a conditional invertible neural network
Authors: Bister T , Erdmann M , Köthe U , Schulte J
Published: February 2023

Conditional Invertible Neural Networks (cINNs) provide a new technique for the inference of free model parameters by enabling the creation of posterior distributions. With these distributions, the mean parameter values, their uncertainties and the correlations between the parameters can be estimated. In this contribution, we summarize the functionality of cINNs, which are based on normalizing flows, and present the application of this new method to a scenario from astroparticle physics. We show that it is possible to constrain properties of the currently unknown sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and compare the posterior distributions obtained with the network to those acquired using the classic Markov Chain Monte Carlo method.
Machine learning predictor for ‘measurement-to-track’ association for the ATLAS Inner Detector trigger
Authors: Lad Nisha
Published: February 2023

The track finding algorithm adopted for the LHC Run-2 data taking period is based on combinatorial track following, where the number of seeds scales non-linearly with the number of hits. The corresponding CPU time increase, close to cubical, creates huge and ever-increasing demand for computing power. This is particularly problematic for the silicon tracking detectors, where the hit occupancy is the largest. Therefore, it is essential that resource use is reduced, whilst maintaining the ability to reconstruct tracks with minimal loss in efficiency. This paper briefly summarises the work that has been done to optimise the HLT ID track seeding software for ATLAS Run-3 and beyond, in order to reduce the number of fake seeds constructed. An ML-based algorithm has been developed to predict if a pair of hits belong to the same track given input hit features, focusing on cluster width and inverse track inclination. The implementation of the trained predictor in the form of Look-Up Tables is presented, along with performance results in terms of tracking efficiency and speed-up factor using simulated data.
RDataFrame enhancements for HEP analyses
Authors: Guiraud E , Blomer J , Hageboeck S , Naumann A , Padulano V E , Tejedor E , Wunsch S
Published: February 2023

In recent years, RDataFrame, ROOT’s high-level interface for data analysis and processing, has seen widespread adoption on the part of HEP physicists. Much of this success is due to RDataFrame’s ergonomic programming model that enables the implementation of common analysis tasks more easily than previous APIs, without compromising on application performance. Nonetheless, RDataFrame’s interfaces have been further improved by the recent addition of several major HEP-oriented features: in this contribution we will introduce for instance a dedicated syntax to define systematic variations, per-data-sample call-backs useful to define quantities that vary on a per-sample basis, simplifications of collection operations and the injection of just-in-time-compiled Python functions in the optimized C++ event loop.
Reconstruction of Large Radius Tracks with the Exa.TrkX pipeline
Authors: Wang Chun-Yi , Ju Xiangyang , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Murnane Daniel , Calafiura Paolo , Farrell Steven , Spiropulu Maria , Vlimant Jean-Roch , Aurisano Adam , Hewes Jeremy , Cerati Giuseppe , Gray Lindsey , Klijnsma Thomas , Kowalkowski Jim , Atkinson Markus , Neubauer Mark , DeZoort Gage , Thais Savannah , Ballow Alexandra , Lazar Alina , Caillou Sylvain , Rougier Charline , Stark Jan , Vallier Alexis , Sardain Jad
Published: February 2023

Particle tracking is a challenging pattern recognition task at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity-LHC. Conventional algorithms, such as those based on the Kalman Filter, achieve excellent performance in reconstructing the prompt tracks from the collision points. However, they require dedicated configuration and additional computing time to efficiently reconstruct the large radius tracks created away from the collision points. We developed an end-to-end machine learning-based track finding algorithm for the HL-LHC, the Exa.TrkX pipeline. The pipeline is designed so as to be agnostic about global track positions. In this work, we study the performance of the Exa.TrkX pipeline for finding large radius tracks. Trained with all tracks in the event, the pipeline simultaneously reconstructs prompt tracks and large radius tracks with high efficiencies. This new capability offered by the Exa.TrkX pipeline may enable us to search for new physics in real time.
Towards Reliable Neural Generative Modeling of Detectors
Authors: Anderlini L , Barbetti M , Derkach D , Kazeev N , Maevskiy A , Mokhnenko S
Published: February 2023

The increasing luminosities of future data taking at Large Hadron Collider and next generation collider experiments require an unprecedented amount of simulated events to be produced. Such large scale productions demand a significant amount of valuable computing resources. This brings a demand to use new approaches to event generation and simulation of detector responses. In this paper, we discuss the application of generative adversarial networks (GANs) to the simulation of the LHCb experiment events. We emphasize main pitfalls in the application of GANs and study the systematic effects in detail. The presented results are based on the Geant4 simulation of the LHCb Cherenkov detector.
Numerical evidence of renormalons in four dimensional gauge theories
Authors: Pineda Antonio
Published: February 2023

In this talk, we briefly review work which led to the numerical demonstration of the existence of renormalons in four dimensional gauge theories with marginal operators.
Numerical Regularization for 4-loop Self-Energy Feynman Diagrams
Authors: de Doncker E , Yuasa F , Ishikawa T
Published: February 2023

In recent work we computed 4-loop integrals for self-energy diagrams with 11 massive internal lines. Presently we perform numerical integration and regularization for diagrams with 8 to 11 lines, while considering massive and massless cases. For dimensional regularization, a sequence of integrals is computed depending on a parameter (ε) that is incorporated via the space-time dimension, and approaches zero. We consider diagrams where the leading term in the expansion is in 1/ε
2 or in 1/ε or finite. The numerical integration methods include non-adaptive – double exponential, and Quasi-Monte Carlo methods with composite lattice rules implemented in CUDA C for acceleration on GPUs. The leading term coefficients in the integral expansion are obtained via linear or nonlinear extrapolation as ε tends to zero.
ReneSANCe event generator for high-precision e
+
e
− physics
Authors: Sadykov R , Arbuzov A , Bondarenko S , Dydyshka Y , Kalinovskaya L , Rumyantsev L , Yermolchyk V
Published: February 2023

We present a new version of the Monte Carlo event generator ReneSANCe. The generator takes into account complete one-loop electroweak (EW) corrections, higher order QED corrections in the leading logarithm (LL) approximation and some higher order EW corrections to processes at e
+
e
− colliders with finite particle masses and arbitrary polarizations of initial and final particles. ReneSANCe can produce events in the full phase space and this option is available for a wide range of center-of-mass energies.
SMEFT truncation effects in Higgs boson pair production at NLO QCD
Authors: Heinrich Gudrun , Lang Jannis
Published: February 2023

We present results for Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion at next-to-leading order in QCD, including effects of anomalous couplings within Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). In particular, we investigate truncation effects of the SMEFT series, comparing different ways to treat powers of dimension-six operators and double operator insertions.
Formation of probability and current waves at the scattering of a Gaussian wave packet by a double quantum well
Authors: Peisakhovich Yu G , Shtygashev A A
Published: February 2023

Annotation. A numerical-analytical simulation of scattering by a three-barrier heterostructure of an electronic Gaussian wave packet, the spectral width of which is on the order of the distance between the levels of the doublet of quasi-stationary states, is carried out. This article proves that as a result of scattering, damped waves of electron charge and current densities are formed outside the double well, their characteristics are determined by the structure of the initial wave packet and the poles of the scattering amplitudes. The frequency of these waves is equal to the difference frequency of the doublet, the wavenumber is the difference between the wave numbers of free motion of electrons with resonant energies, and the speed of their propagation is the ratio of these quantities. The system can go into the regime of repetition or amplification of the emission of electron waves if a periodic resonant pumping of the doublet population is provided by scattering of a series of coherent wave packets.
Wave functions of the Hydrogen atom in the momentum representation
Authors: Kirchbach M , Vallejo J A
Published: February 2023

We construct the integral transform passing from the space representation to the radial momentum representation for the Hydrogen atom. The resulting wave functions are explicitly given in terms of complex finite expansions of Gegenbauer functions of the first and second kind, or in terms of (elementary) trigonometric functions. We show their symmetry under the

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group, and their equivalence with those of Lombardi and Ogilvie (2020 Chem. Phys.
538 110886).