bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VOLOSOVO RETOUCHERS
Authors: Жилин М. Г. , Костылева Е. Л.
Published: December 2021

Волосовская культура была распространена в центре европейской части России в позднем неолите - энеолите. Среди артефактов этой культуры на ряде стоянок представлены роговые стержни и изогнутые предметы неясного назначения. В результате проведенного авторами трасологического анализа установлено, что они являются составными частями ретушеров для обработки кремневых орудий. При этом изогнутые предметы были рукоятками, в паз которых вставлялись стержни, служившие рабочими частями этих орудий. Такая конструкция ретушера была оптимальной с функциональной точки зрения. Почти без изменений она дожила до этнографической современности.

The Volosovo culture was spread in the center of the European part of Russia in the Late Neolithic-Eneolithic. The artifacts of this culture retrieved from a number of sites include antler rods and curved items of unknown functions. The tracewear analysis conducted by the authors established that these items are parts of composite retouchers used to treat flint tools. The curved items were handles with a slot into which rods used as working parts of the tools were inserted. This design of a retoucher was optimal from the functional point of view. It has survived into ethnographic modernity with almost no changes.
FIRST RESULTS OF NEW STUDIES OF THE GNEZDILOVO CEMETERY NEAR SUZDAL
Authors: Макаров Н. А. , Красникова А. М. , Ерохин С. А.
Published: December 2021

Поиски средневековых могильников, исследованных в 1851-1852 гг. А. С. Уваровым и утративших выраженные на поверхности надмогильные памятники - курганные насыпи - после раскопок и многолетней распашки земельных участков, на которых находились курганы, ведутся Суздальской экспедицией ИА РАН и ГИМ в Суздальском Ополье уже двадцать лет. Методы и приемы этих поисков существенно изменились в последние годы с использованием ГИС для определения местоположения объектов, обозначенных на картах и планах, сопровождающих полевую документацию 1851-1852 гг., анализом данных дистанционного зондирования местности и использованием геофизической съемки для выявления площадок, на которых располагались курганы, и участков с грунтовыми погребениями. Материалы новых исследований могильника Гнездилово демонстрируют высокую ценность памятников, считавшихся утраченными.

Search for medieval burial sites which had been under excavations in 18511852 in the framework of A. S. Uvarov’s field campaign and later became invisible in the landscape with the destruction of the barrows which marked the location of the burials on the intensively cultivated lands are going on for twenty years. Surveys are conducted by Suzdal expedition of the Institute of Archaeology RAS and State Historical Museum. Methods and techniques of these surveys became more effective in the recent years with the progress of GIS, georeferencing of maps of the 1851 excavations and introduction of remote sensing and geophysical prospections for the detection of barrow platforms and areas with the flat in-ground inhumation graves. Recent field investigations at Gnezdilovo burial site demonstrate high scientific value of the sites which were previously regarded as completely destroyed
The Federal Budget of the Russian Federation as an instrument of socio-economic development: educational aspects
Authors: Успаева Милана Гумкиевна , Гачаев Ахмед Магомедович
Published: December 2021

Современные исследования все чаще направлены как на получение новых знаний, так и на практическое применение, с акцентом на контекст и социальную значимость. В связи со стиранием границ между дисциплинами традиционных академических определений и критериев качества исследований уже недостаточно. Эффективные критерии их качества необходимы для управления финансированием, постоянным развитием и продвижением научных методов, проектов и программ, отсутствие таких критериев тормозит развитие исследований. Соответствующая оценка качества существенно влияет на поддержку и финансирование научных поисков, а также нацеливает исследователей и руководителей на выполнение высококачественных исследований и обучает их этому. Между тем подходы к оценке исследований до сих пор базируются прежде всего на обнародовании научных результатов (престиж публикации и печатного издания), цитатах и экспертной оценке. Хотя эти показатели качества исследований остаются актуальными, нужны дополнительные критерии для характеристики результатов исследований и долгосрочных социальных последствий. Среди многочисленных определений финансирования в децентрализацию высшего образования отечественными учеными приведем следующие: децентрализация касается предоставления общественных услуг населению, что, со своей стороны, требует решения вопросов распределения полномочий, собственности и финансовых ресурсов.

Modern research is increasingly focused both on obtaining new knowledge and on practical application,
with an emphasis on context and social significance. Due to the blurring of boundaries between disciplines,
traditional academic definitions and research quality criteria are no longer sufficient. Effective quality criteria are
necessary to manage funding, continuous development and promotion of scientific methods, projects and
programs, the absence of such criteria hinders the development of research. Appropriate quality assessment
significantly affects the support and financing of scientific research, and also targets researchers and managers
to perform high-quality research and trains them to do so. Meanwhile, approaches to the evaluation of research
are still based primarily on the publication of scientific results (the prestige of publication and print edition),
citations and expert evaluation. Although these indicators of research quality remain relevant, additional criteria
are needed to characterize research results and long-term social consequences. Among the numerous
definitions of financing for the decentralization of higher education by domestic scientists, we will cite the
following: decentralization concerns the provision of public services to the population, which, for its part, requires
solving issues of the distribution of powers, property and financial resources.
Features of the formation of the media educational environment in the system of general education
Authors: Шабельник Мария Александровна
Published: December 2021

В статье поднимается актуальный вопрос о необходимости формировании медиаобразовательной среды школы в условиях цифровизации образования в контексте новых федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов общего образования. Дается обзорное определение понятиям «образовательная среда», «медиобразование» и «медиаобразовательная среда». Научной новизной статьи является рассмотрение новых подходов к развитию образовательной среды общеобразовательной школы. Предлагается модель медиаобразовательной среды и основные условия для ее формирования: организационно-педагогические, материально-технические, кадровые, финансовые и др., в том числе сетевое взаимодействие, возможности формирования медиаобразовательной среды с использованием ресурсного обеспечения «Точек Роста» − центров образования цифрового, естественнонаучного, технического и гуманитарного профилей в сельских школах, реализуемых в рамках федерального проекта «Современная школа». Приводится положительный региональный опыт создания медиаобразовательной среды в системе общего образования на примере Томской области.

The article raises an urgent question about the need to form a media educational environment of a
school in the context of digitalization of education in the context of new federal state educational standards of
general education. An overview definition of the concepts of "educational environment", "media education" and
"media educational environment" is given. The scientific novelty of the article is the consideration of new
approaches to the development of the educational environment of a secondary school. The model of the media
educational environment and the main conditions for its formation are proposed: organizational, pedagogical,
logistical, personnel, financial, etc., including networking, the possibility of forming a media educational
environment using the resource provision of "Points of Growth− - centers of education of digital, natural science,
technical and humanitarian profiles in rural schools implemented within the framework of the federal project
"Modern School". The positive regional experience of creating a media educational environment in the general
education system is given on the example of the Tomsk region.
The use of electronic textbooks in professional education (foreign experience)
Authors: Белянкова Елена Ивановна
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается зарубежный опыт использования электронных учебников в профессиональном образовании. Автор обращает внимание на исследования, которые рассматривают проблемы преимуществ и недостатков использования цифровых учебников в учебном процессе, их функции и дидактические свойства. Отношение к электронным учебникам со стороны участников образовательного процесса постепенно менялось. Если, согласно данным исследования 2011 года студенты не видели особой разницы между бумажными и цифровыми учебниками, то к 2019 году можно увидеть более положительное отношение к последним, особенно тем, которые содержат интерактивные элементы. В работах Э. Аренаса, А. Барра, Э. Доблер представлены взгляды на функции электронных учебников. В статье рассматривается типология учебников, предложенная Э. Аренасом, А. Барром, авторы выделяют цифровые копии бумажных учебников, электронные учебники с некоторыми интерактивными функциями и учебники в виде мобильных приложений с доступом к облачным программам. Определенное внимание уделяется статьям, которые рассматривают дидактические особенности цифровых учебников, в частности возможности электронных учебников в оценке и контроле за уровнем подготовки студентов по курсу, особенности таких учебников как средства учебной деятельности, их роль в развитии информационной грамотности, критического мышления, навыков анализа, готовности к решению учебных задач – качеств, которые являются необходимыми в информационном обществе.

The article examines the foreign experience of using electronic textbooks in vocational education. The author draws attention to studies that consider the problems of advantages and disadvantages of using digital textbooks in the educational process, their functions and didactic properties. The attitude towards electronic textbooks on the part of participants in the educational process gradually changed. If, according to a 2011 study, students did not see much difference between paper and digital textbooks, then by 2019 one can see a more positive attitude towards the latter, especially those that contain interactive elements. The works of E. Arenas, A. Barr, E. Dobler present views on the functions of electronic textbooks. The article discusses the typology of textbooks proposed by E. Arenas, A. The authors distinguish digital copies of paper textbooks, electronic textbooks with some interactive functions and textbooks in the form of mobile applications with access to cloud programs. Some attention is paid to articles that consider the didactic features of digital textbooks, in particular, the possibilities of electronic textbooks in assessing and monitoring the level of students' preparation for the course, the features of such textbooks as means of educational activity, their role in the development of information literacy, critical thinking, analytical skills, readiness to solve educational tasks – qualities that are necessary in the information society.
Didactic conditions for the formation of students' ecological worldview and safety culture by means of simulation modeling
Authors: Мотулевич Андрей Владиславович
Published: December 2021

В процессе формирования культуры безопасности и экологического мировоззрения средствами имитационного моделирования у студентов вузов преподаватель играет важную роль, прежде всего, через создание им соответствующих дидактических условий для побуждения студента к эффективному достижению учебных целей. Под такими дидактическими условиями мы понимаем факторы, а также обстоятельства, которые действуют в учебно-воспитательном процессе и влияют на учебную деятельность студентов. Глобальный спрос на энергию все время увеличивается. Поддержание энергетической безопасности и создание низко-углеродного будущего являются ключевыми задачами, и возобновляемые источники энергии играют жизненно важную стратегическую роль в удовлетворении энергетических потребностей сейчас и в будущем. Почти две трети чистого прироста мировых энергетических мощностей в течение следующих лет будет приходиться на нетрадиционные возобновляемые источники энергии. Возобновляемая энергия - это энергия, полученная из природных ресурсов земли, которые не являются конечными или исчерпываемыми, таких как ветер и солнечный свет. Возобновляемые источники энергии являются альтернативой традиционной энергии, основанной на ископаемом топливе, и, как правило, они гораздо менее вредны для окружающей среды.

In the process of forming a safety culture and an ecological worldview by means of simulation modeling
among university students, the teacher plays an important role, first of all, through the creation of appropriate
didactic conditions for encouraging the student to effectively achieve educational goals. Under such didactic
conditions, we understand the factors and circumstances that operate in the educational process and affect the
educational activities of students. The global demand for energy is increasing all the time. Maintaining energy
security and creating a low-carbon future are key challenges, and renewables play a vital strategic role in
meeting energy needs now and in the future. Almost two-thirds of the net increase in global energy capacity
over the next years will come from unconventional renewable energy sources. Renewable energy is energy
derived from the earth's natural resources that are not finite or exhaustible, such as wind and sunlight.
Renewable energy sources are an alternative to traditional energy based on fossil fuels, and, as a rule, they are
much less harmful to the environment.
IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF SOFT DRINKS BASED ON CO2-MEAL OF FRUIT
AND BERRYCROPS AND THICK EXTRACTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
FOR THE POPULATION OF THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors: МИШКЕВИЧ Э.Ю. , КАСЬЯНОВ Г.И.
Published: December 2021

Усовершенствована технология безалкогольных напитков на основе СО2-шротов плодово-ягодных культур и густых экстрактов лекарственных растений для целевого потребления их в северных районах России. Для производства напитков выбраны СО2-шроты, полученные из плодово-ягодного сырья, выращенного на территории Краснодарского края: СО2-шроты шиповника, смородины черной, облепихи, малины обыкновенной. Плодово-ягодное сырье было однократно обработано жидким диоксидом углерода в докритическом состоянии (параметры экстракции: давление 6,0 МПа, температура 22°С). Для приготовления густых экстрактов использовали лекарственное растительное сырье: эхинацею пурпурную, душицу обыкновенную и ромашку аптечную. Полученные очищенные вытяжки растений подвергали сгущению до получения вязкой массы с содержанием влаги 20–25%. Разработанные безалкогольные напитки являются источником широкого спектра биологически активных веществ, в том числе витамина С. Основные нормируемые физико-химические показатели разработанных безалкогольных напитков соответствуют требованиям нормативной документации: содержание сухих веществ составляет 9–10%, массовая доля витамина С – 12,9–17,6 мг/100 мл, энергетическая ценность – 246–253 ккал, кислотность – 6,3 –11,2 см3. Биотест на определение жизнеспособности культуры Paramecia caudatum подтвердил безвредность разработанных напитков. Микробиологические и токсикологические показатели напитков не превышают допустимых уровней.

The technology of soft drinks based on CO2-meal of fruit and berry crops and thick extracts of medicinal plants for their intended consumption in the Northern regions of Russia has been improved. CO2-meal obtained from fruit and berry raw materials grown on the territory of the Krasnodar region – such as rosehip, black currant, sea buckthorn, and raspberry, are selected for the production of beverages. Fruit and berry raw materials were once treated with liquid carbon dioxide in a subcritical state (extraction parameters: pressure 6,0 MPa, temperature 22°C). Echinacea purpurea, oregano, and chamomile are used for the preparation of thick extracts. The resulting purified extracts of plants were subjected to thickening to obtain a viscous mass with a moisture content of 20–25%. Developed soft drinks are a source of a wide range of biologically active substances, including vitamin C. The main normalized physical and chemical parameters of the developed soft drinks meet the requirements of regulatory documentation: the dry matter content is 9–10%, the mass fraction of vitamin C is 12,9–17,6 mg/100 ml, the energy value is 246–253 kcal, the acidity is 6,3–11,2 cm3. A biotest to determine the viability of Paramecium caudatum culture confirmed the harmlessness of the developed beverages. Microbiological and toxicological indicators of beverages do not exceed acceptable levels.
Sustainable development of industrial enterprises in the basis of a new form of economic activity organisation
Authors: Astafyeva O. E.
Published: December 2021

This article examines a new form of economic activity organisation for industrial enterprises in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The analysis of networking in the cluster and economic approaches has allowed us to identify the guiding principles of interaction between economic actors, and the resulting effects and “values”. The platform education proposed by the author as an organisational and economic activity form is the digital ecosystem component, which is a spatial and temporal environment for the functioning of enterprises. A scheme for assessing data and process management in this ecosystem has been developed using the metrics proposed by the author. This scheme reflects the production-logistics chain formed in the framework of the actors’ integration in the digital ecosystem.
Fintech and crowdfunding as tools for financing the reproduction process in agricultural activities
Authors: Eskiev M. A.
Published: December 2021

Agriculture plays an important role in the food security and sustainability of people in any country. The sustainability of agriculture can be improved by allowing the introduction of innovative services, such as financial technology (FinTech) and the digital marketplace. A digital trading platform supported by financial technology can transform business processes in agriculture into more sustainable ones in terms of financing and distribution. FinTech offers farmers easy ways to obtain funding sources through crowdfunding and digital payment systems. A digital trading platform can act as a platform for FinTech to integrate an innovative financial solution into the broader agricultural ecosystem. The article proposes a digital marketplace model using FinTech and a crowdfunding and payment system to support agricultural sustainability. The crowdfunding digital marketplace model brings together all participants (farmers, landowners, investors and consumers) in a platform that can promote transparency, empowerment, resourcefulness and public participation in agriculture.
Features of the historical memory of students of Russian megacities
Authors: Yurasov I. A. , Tanina M. A. , Yudina V. A.
Published: December 2021

In the course of sociological analysis, linguistic models of students’ historical memory, events and historical figures were identified, that represent, in the opinion of young people, the “political evil” and the “political good” in Russian history. The students identified serfdom, “Stalinist repressions”, the famine of the 1920s and 1940s and the wars in Afghanistan and Chechnya as “political evil”. The “political good” – the victories in the Patriotic War of 1812, the Great Patriotic War, the flight to space, the 1980 and 2014 Olympics. The author’s sociological studies of the largest Russian megalopolises have revealed the complexity and inconsistency of the historical memory of student youth. The study established the adherence of student youth to liberal ideology, a shallow awareness of the life of their family, their kin in earlier periods of Russian history, from pre-revolutionary times to the lives of their relatives in the 20-40s of the XX century, the association of “political good” with the achievements of our country and the association of “political evil” with defeats and reforms.
Electrophilic Sulfur Reagent Design Enables Catalytic syn-Carbosulfenylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Li Zi-Qi , Cao Yilin , Kang Taeho , Engle Keary
Published: December 2021

A multi-component approach to structurally complex organosulfur products is described via the nickel-catalyzed 1,2-carbosulfenylation of unactivated alkenes with organoboron nucleophiles and tailored organosulfur electrophiles. Key to the development of this transformation is the identification of a modular N-alkyl-N-(arylsulfenyl)arenesulfonamide family of sulfur electrophiles. Tuning the electronic and steric properties of the leaving group in these reagents controls pathway selectivity, favoring three-component coupling and suppressing side reactions, as examined via computational studies. The unique syn-stereoselectivity differs from traditional electrophilic sulfenyl transfer processes involving a thiiranium ion intermediate and arises from the directed arylnickel(I) migratory insertion mechanism, as elucidated through reaction kinetics and control experiments. Reactivity and regioselectivity are facilitated by a collection of monodentate, weakly coordinating native directing groups, including sulfonamides, alcohols, amines, amides, and azaheterocycles.
Transferrable Selectivity Profiles Enable Prediction in Synergistic Catalyst Space
Authors: Kuang Yutao , Reid Jolene
Published: December 2021

Organometallic intermediates participate in many multi-catalytic enantioselective transformations directed by a chiral catalyst, but the requirement of optimizing two catalyst components is a significant barrier to widely adopting this approach for chiral molecule synthesis. Algorithms can potentially accelerate the screening process by developing quantitative structure-function relationships from large experimental datasets. However, the chemical data available in this catalyst space is limited. We report a data-driven strategy that effectively translates selectivity relationships trained on enantioselectivity outcomes derived from one catalyst reaction systems where an abundance of data exists, to synergistic catalyst space. We describe three case studies involving different modes of catalysis (Brønsted acid, chiral anion, and secondary amine) that substantiate the prospect of this approach to predict and elucidate selectivity in reactions where more than one catalyst is involved. Ultimately, the success in applying our approach to diverse areas of asymmetric catalysis implies that this general workflow should find broad use in the study and development of new enantioselective, multi-catalytic processes.
Computation-informed optimization of Ni(PyC)₂ functionalization for noble gas separations
Authors: Gantzler Nickolas , Kim Min-Bum , Robinson Alexander , Terban Maxwell W. , Ghose Sanjit , Dinnebier Robert E. , York Arthur Henry , Tiana Davide , Simon Cory M. , Thallapally Praveen K.
Published: December 2021

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising nanoporous materials for the adsorptive capture and separation of noble gases at room temperature. Among the numerous MOFs synthesized and tested for noble gas separations, Ni(PyC)₂ (PyC = pyridine-4-carboxylate) exhibits one of the highest xenon/krypton selectivities at room temperature. Like lead-optimization in drug discovery, here we aim to tune the chemistry of Ni(PyC)₂, by appending a functional group to its PyC ligands, to maximize its Xe/Kr selectivity. To guide experiments in the laboratory, we virtually screen Ni(PyC-X)₂ (X=functional group) structures for noble gas separations by (i) constructing a library of Ni(PyC-X)₂ crystal structure models then (ii) using molecular simulations to predict noble gas (Xe, Kr, Ar) adsorption and selectivity at room temperature in each structure. The virtual screening predicts several Ni(PyC-X)₂ structures to exhibit a higher Xe/Kr, Xe/Ar, and Kr/Ar selectivity than the parent Ni(PyC)₂ MOF, with Ni(PyC-m-NH₂)₂ among them. In the laboratory, we synthesize Ni(PyC-m-NH₂)₂, determine its crystal structure by X-ray powder diffraction, and measure its Xe, Kr, and Ar adsorption isotherms (298 K). In agreement with our molecular simulations, the Xe/Kr, Xe/Ar, and Kr/Ar selectivities of Ni(PyC-m-NH₂)₂ exceed those of the parent Ni(PyC)₂. Particularly, Ni(PyC-m-NH₂)₂ exhibits a [derived from experimental, equilibrium adsorption isotherms] Xe/Kr selectivity of 20 at dilute conditions and 298 K, compared to 17 for Ni(PyC)₂. According to in situ X-ray diffraction, corroborated by molecular models, Ni(PyC-m-NH₂)₂ presents well-defined binding pockets tailored for Xe and organized along its one-dimensional channels. In addition to discovering the new, performant Ni(PyC-m-NH₂)₂ MOF for noble gas separations, our study illustrates the computation-informed optimization of the chemistry of a "lead" MOF to target adsorption of a specific gas.
Organocatalytic Discrimination of Non-Directing Aryl and Heteroaryl Groups: Enantioselective Synthesis of Bioactive Indole-Containing Triarylmethanes
Authors: Yan Qiaolin , Duan Meng , Chen Cien , Deng Zhiqin , Wu Mandi , Yu Peiyuan , He Ming-liang , Zhu Guangyu , Houk K. N. , Sun Jianwei
Published: December 2021

Despite the enormous developments of asymmetric catalysis, the basis for asymmetric induction is largely limited to spatial interaction between substrate and catalyst. Consequently, asymmetric discrimination between two sterically similar groups remains a challenge. This is particularly formidable for enantiodifferentiation between aryl and heteroaryl groups without a directing group or electronic manipulation. Here we address this challenge by a robust organocatalytic system leading to excellent enantioselection between aryl and heteroaryl groups. With the versatile 2-indole imine methide as platform, an excellent combination of a superb chiral phosphoric acid and the optimal hydride source provided efficient access to a range of highly enantioenriched indole-containing triarylmethanes. Control experiments and kinetic studies provided important insights into the mechanism. DFT calculations also indicated that, while hydrogen bonding is important for activation, the key interaction for discrimination of the two aryl groups is mainly π-π stacking. Preliminary biological studies also demonstrated the great potential of these triarylmethanes for anticancer and antiviral drug development.
β-arrestin1 promotes tauopathy by transducing GPCR signaling, disrupting microtubules and autophagy
Authors: Woo Jung-AA , Yan Yan , Kee Teresa R , Cazzaro Sara , McGill Percy Kyle C , Wang Xinming , Liu Tian , Liggett Stephen B , Kang David E
Published: December 2021

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to play integral roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. However, it is unclear how diverse GPCRs similarly affect Aβ and tau pathogenesis. GPCRs share a common mechanism of action via the β-arrestin scaffolding signaling complexes, which not only serve to desensitize GPCRs by internalization, but also mediate multiple downstream signaling events. As signaling via the GPCRs, β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), and metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) promotes hyperphosphorylation of tau, we hypothesized that β-arrestin1 represents a point of convergence for such pathogenic activities. Here, we report that β-arrestins are not only essential for β2AR and mGluR2-mediated increase in pathogenic tau but also show that β-arrestin1 levels are increased in brains of Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau) patients. Increased β-arrestin1 in turn drives the accumulation of pathogenic tau, whereas reduced ARRB1 alleviates tauopathy and rescues impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairments in PS19 mice. Biochemical and cellular studies show that β-arrestin1 drives tauopathy by destabilizing microtubules and impeding p62/SQSTM1 autophagy flux by interfering with p62 body formation, which promotes pathogenic tau accumulation.
Is an Exercise Intervention the only way to Reduce Visceral Fat without Reducing Fat-free Mass in Children and Adolescents?
Authors: Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To maintain proper development, it is recommended that children/adolescents focus more on increasing physical activity than dietary restriction when treating obesity. In other words, adults are better able to tolerate the reductions in fat-free body mass that often occur when trying to lose fat mass. In contrast, children and adolescents should avoid losses in fat-free mass in order to ensure proper development. Therefore, when trying to reduce visceral fat in children via a negative energy balance (i.e., exercise with or without calorie restriction), it is necessary to set desirable conditions in order to minimize the loss of fat-free mass. To determine whether this is possible, we reviewed literature discussing the relationship between changes in visceral fat obtained by abdominal imaging and changes in total body fat and fat-free mass after exercise training with and without calorie restriction in children and adolescents.Methods: Literature review.Results and Conclusions: Previous work found no reduction in fat-free mass in the exercise interventions in which there was no dietary-induced calorie restriction. This supports the idea that reducing visceral fat by increasing physical activity is the preferred strategy over dietary restriction in children and adolescents. Although factors such as the type (e.g. aerobic and/or resistance) of exercise and the amount (i.e. energy expenditure) of exercise will likely have an effect on the magnitude of change in intra-abdominal visceral fat, the quantity of each that is needed without reducing fat-free mass is currently unknown.
Nanometer Materials & Nanotechology and T heir Application Prospect
Authors:   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, Hu Guangquan
Published: December 2021

Due to the unique surface effect, volume effect and quantum size effect of nanomaterials, the electrical, mechanical, magnetic, optical and other properties of the materials have produced amazing changes. At present, nanotechnology has become one of the hotspots of scientific research. The application of nanotechnology in the future will far exceed the computer industry or genetic medicine, and become the core of the information age in the 21st century. The thesis introduced in detail the characteristics of nanomaterials and the broad application prospects of nanotechnology in the fields of electronics, ceramics and chemical engineering.
The Study to Investigate COVID-19 Infection in People Living in Ireland (SCOPI): A seroprevalence study, June to July 2020
Authors: Heavey Laura , Garvey Patricia , Colgan Aoife M , Thornton Lelia , Connell Jeff , Roux Thomas , Hunt Meadhbh , O'Callaghan Fiona , Culkin Fiona , Keogan Mary , O'Connor Nuala , O'Sullivan Margaret B , O’Sullivan Siobhán , Tait Michele , De Gascun Cillian F , Igoe Derval
Published: December 2021

Background

Robust data on SARS-CoV-2 population seroprevalence supplement surveillance data in providing evidence for public health action.

Aim

To conduct a SARS-CoV-2 population-based seroprevalence survey in Ireland.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional study design, we selected population samples from individuals aged 12–69 years in counties Dublin and Sligo using the Health Service Executive Primary Care Reimbursement Service database as a sampling frame. Samples were selected with probability proportional to the general population age–sex distribution, and by simple random sampling within age–sex strata. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and confirmed using the Wantai Assay. We estimated the population SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence weighted for age, sex and geographic area.

Results

Participation rates were 30% (913/3,043) and 44% (820/1,863) in Dublin and Sligo. Thirty-three specimens had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (1.9%). We estimated weighted seroprevalences of 3.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05–4.53) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.18–1.38) for Dublin and Sligo, and 1.69% (95% CI: 1.13–2.41) nationally. This equates to an estimated 59,482 (95% CI: 39,772–85,176) people aged 12–69 years nationally having had infection with SARS-CoV-2, 3.0 (95% CI: 2.0–4.3) times higher than confirmed notifications. Ten participants reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 -infection; eight of these were antibody-positive. Twenty-five antibody-positive participants had not reported previous laboratory-confirmed infection.

Conclusion

The majority of people in Ireland are unlikely to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by June–July 2020. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures remained key pending widespread availability of vaccination, and effective treatments.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Sherman Michael , Samchynska Yaroslava , Korniienko Yurii
Published: December 2021

The state of professional training of students needs to improve the digital educational environment, which can ensure the effective formation of digital and research competencies of future specialists. One of the components of software and methodological support of the modern university environment is the development and implementation of information systems aimed at their professional training. The article considers the main stages of design and development of the information system for students’ professional training, the process of designing the architecture and interface of the web system is described. Prototypes of the main pages of the system were also developed. The web system component diagram, the scheme of the website, the sequence diagram of the information system, and the states diagrams of the main processes are presented. The research shows the technologies used in the development of the information system of professional training, describes and demonstrates its pages, presents the structure of the database and gives a description of its tables. Thus, CMS WordPress was used for development, which is a popular free content management system, PHP was chosen as a programming language. In the developed information system teachers have the opportunity to post educational materials and publish practical tasks; students get access to educational resources, can sample them according to a certain criterion. The peculiarity of the information system for professional training presented by the authors is the development of the parser for automatic filling the database of educational resources for students. It allows to improve the process of updating materials for students of computer specialties, because the need for manual filling of the information system by users is reduced. The article will be interesting for people involved in the didactic process at universities and for specialists involved in the design and implementation of IT systems
PERSONALIZED TRAJECTORIES OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN DIGITAL SPHERE
Authors: Buinytska Oksana , Varchenko-Trotsenko Liliia , Vasylenko Svitlana , Nastas Dariia , Tiutiunnyk Anastasiia , Terletska Tetiana
Published: December 2021

The article is dedicated to the question of teachers’ postgraduate education system design for digital competence development. The need in the design of the above-mentioned system is justified and the adaptive system for teachers’ postgraduate education in digital sphere at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University is described that provides the possibility of personalized trajectories of teachers’ professional development formation. According to the requirements of the educational institution the adaptiveness of the system is implemented in two directions: considering timing of testing and mini-courses completion; considering personal needs of a teacher according to their knowledge level, professional field and defined goals. The model of the system is developed that is designed based on self-assessment, self-education and micro-learning principles. The adaptive system is implemented in the e-learning system with the help of the following structural elements - the diagnostic test and the sets of mini-courses with topic-based organization that allow to implement personalized trajectories of teachers’ education. The utilized approaches to the diagnostic test formation are specified including ensuring its integration, variability and validity as well as the principle of its utilization to define teachers’ level of digital competence according to the developed Corporate standard of digital competence. Using the example of the compulsory level of digital competence Analyst-Researcher (A) the utilization of the sets of mini-courses is shown for all levels of digital competence - Integrator (B1), Expert (B2), Leader (C1) and Innovator (C2). The system allows a teacher to track in their personal cabinet their progress and define their own professional development trajectory and with the help of embedded business analytics tools utilization to get a visualized coherent picture of professional digital activities results. The role of the adaptive system in the organization of teachers’ postgraduate education and the future perspectives of the system implementation results utilization are outlined.
The Civil Rights Movement. Million Man March. Black Lives Matter
Authors: Harris Anthony J.
Published: December 2021

The author discusses three historical civil rights movements in the United States—Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s; the Million Man March; and the Black Lives Matter Movement (BLM). The author compares and contrasts each movement and event from his perspective as a participant in each and identifies similarities and differences among them. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s was born out of a desire and need to end legalized segregation, better known as Jim Crowism, in the south. Strategies included direct action, passive resistance, and redress of grievances through the judicial system. The Million Man March, which occurred in 1995 in Washington D.C., brought together more than a million Black men from across the United States. Moreover, it was an extension of the Civil Rights Movement of the 60s. Whereas the latter was established as a response to legalized racial segregation in the south, the former was designed to instill a sense of responsibility and accountability among Black men as leaders in their communities. In addition, the Million Man March attempted to bring greater awareness of the unkept promise of racial equality. The BLM Movement provided an opportunity for multiple generations from multiple ethnic, cultural, and racial groups to coalesce around the issue of police brutality. Following the death of Trayvon Martin in 2013 and continuing to the present time, the BLM platform has become the principal venue through which outrage is expressed over the deaths of innocent, unarmed Black men and women by law enforcement and White vigilantes.
Centering Race in Mixed and Multi-Method Research on Implicit Bias: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shannon-Baker Peggy
Published: December 2021

Understanding how we form and maintain implicit racial biases can help identify how to disrupt them. With this goal in mind, mixed and multi-method research approaches offer researchers the ability to combine various methodological approaches to explore the formation, experiences, and impact of implicit racial bias. This article therefore provides a critical descriptive systematic review of empirical mixed and multi-method studies on implicit bias and race. This review is based on the following research questions: (a) What are the theoretical and methodological features among empirical studies on race and implicit bias that use mixed or multi-method approaches? and (b) what are the opportunities for theoretical and/or methodological expansion in this literature? The criteria for inclusion in the review are the use of a multi-method (e.g., qualitative and quantitative) or mixed method (e.g., integrating qualitative and quantitative) approach in an empirical study, implicit racial bias is the main or one of the main concepts being studied, and the work (published or unpublished) was dated 1995-2019. The studies in this review often had no theoretical framework or one that did not center race. This is noteworthy because race-specific theoretical frameworks can be used to contextualize the study of implicit bias and race in racism, to define race, and to align with the following important features of mixed and multi-method studies: substantiating the use of multiple methods, prioritizing one or more methodological approaches, analyzing and integrating data, and reflecting on the researcher’s own positionality.
Becoming an Anti-Racist Intuitions: The Challenges Facing Higher Education
Authors: Bell David
Published: December 2021

The May 2020 killing of George Floyd and the public’s outcry has sparked a response from many higher education institutions to publish anti-racist statements. On the surface, these statements may seem genuine, but the bureaucratic governance structure of higher education may impede any change efforts. This paper discusses the challenges facing higher education in creating an institution free of racist policies and ideologies. This includes analyzing practices, policies, and values that are not consistent with creating an inclusive educational culture. Equally important is the need to understand the best approach to engage in a productive and honest intellectual dialogue to facilitate change. The article concludes by examining the governance structure and ideas on how higher education can move toward sustainable, meaningful change.
Deberes y Derechos Humanos: correlación necesaria
Authors: Higuera Licona Gabriel
Published: December 2021

El Estado moderno basa su sistema jurídico, pero también sus políticas públicas en los Derechos Humanos, lo que sirvió en principio para hacer la relación autoridad gobernado menos abusiva. Actualmente, los valores fundamentales que les dan sustento con su gran carga de moralidad hacen especial referencia a la persona en lo individual; no obstante, pueden y deben convivir con otros principios y valores que, reparando más en lo colectivo, pueden incluso fortalecerlos, si se considera que el fin último de la convivencia social organizada es el bien común, que requiere del cumplimiento del deber y de la proporción en el reparto de las cargas sociales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las perspectivas existentes concluyendo que en la lógica de los derechos siempre deben existir deberes correlativos.
Histological analysis of Milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) which was stunting
Authors: Aris Muhammad , Malan Sudirto
Published: December 2021

Ikan bandeng ( Chanos chanos ) merupakan ikan penting yang bernilai ekonomi. Ikan bandeng banyak dikonsumsi karena memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi. Ikan bandeng juga digunakan sebagai umpan hidup untuk memancing. Dalam sistem budidaya ikan bandeng peningkatan produksi merupakan faktor yang sangat penting. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi dalam sistem budidaya ikan adalah dengan menerapkan padat tebar yang tinggi. Kendala penerapan padat tebar yang tinggi menyebabkan pertumbuhan bandeng tidak merata, bahkan ada yang kerdil, yaitu kondisi ikan mengalami pertumbuhan yang lambat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengamati kondisi jaringan bandeng dengan ikan tidak kerdil dan kerdil. Ikan bandeng ( Chanos chanos) yang digunakan adalah ikan yang sudah dipelihara selama 6 bulan. Organ ikan yang menjadi sampel observasi adalah ikan stunting dan non stunting. Organ yang diamati adalah insang, otot, dan usus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bandeng ( Chanos chanos ) yang mengalami stunting mempengaruhi kondisi insang, otot dan jaringan usus. Insang mengalami edema dan nekrosis. Otot mengamati edema, merosot serat otot, dan nekrosis. Usus mengalami nekrosis atau kematian sel.
Effect of Temperature Differences on Embryo Development and Hatching of Sea Bass Eggs (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Simanjuntak Mandalica , Rosmaiti Rosmaiti , Putriningtias Andika
Published: December 2021

Suhu faktor lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi kematian ikan bass pada fase embrio, karena embrio paling rentan terhadap perubahan stres karena embrio masih sensitif. Tujuannya adalah untuk melihat suhu yang optimal dan apakah perbedaan suhu dapat menyebabkan perubahan yang signifikan pada perkembangan embrio, kecepatan tetas, kecepatan tetas dan kelainan pada larva ikan bass. Metode yang digunakan adalah RAL dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu S1 = 26 oC, S2 = 28 oC, S3 = 30 oC, dan S4 = 32 oC. Uji LSD 95% menunjukkan perkembangan embrio pada S4 (32 oC ) .C) menunjukkan tercepat di semua tahap perkembangan embrio, penetrasi tercepat ada di S4 (32 oC) selama 656,6 menit, penetrasi tertinggi pada S2 (28 oC) sebesar 95.258%, kelainan permanen terendah pada S1 (26 o C) sebesar 0%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan suhu media inkubasi memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap perkembangan embrio, kecepatan tetas, dan kelainan larva bass laut ( Lates calcarifer ).
Utilization of anesthetic ingredients and different active substances in transportation closed wet system for survival of milkfish juvenile (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Ahsan Ainania , Komariyah Siti , Febri Suri Purnama
Published: December 2021

Angkutan remaja merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam usaha penangkapan ikan. Pengangkutan benih dapat dilakukan dengan metode sistem basah tertutup atau media air. Angkutan remaja memiliki prinsip menjaga kelangsungan hidup sampai ke lokasi tujuan. Jika lokasi tujuan jauh sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama, maka untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup perlakuan khusus. Perlakuan tersebut untuk mengurangi masalah transportasi ikan seperti penurunan DO dan peningkatan amoniak pada media yang dapat menyebabkan kematian pada anakan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang penggunaan bahan anestesi untuk menurunkan laju metabolisme dan zat aktif untuk menurunkan amonia dalam media.Uji hewan yang digunakan adalah ikan bandeng berukuran 2 cm. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap sebanyak 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P1 (minyak pala + karbon aktif), P2 (minyak pala + karbon aktif), P3 (minyak cengkeh + zeolit), P4 (minyak cengkeh + karbon aktif) dan P5 (kontrol). Parameter penelitian yang diamati adalah tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH), tingkat konsumsi oksigen (TKO), amonia setelah pengangkutan dan kualitas air sebelum dan sesudah pengangkutan. Hasil analisis anova menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh berpengaruh nyata (P <0,05) terhadap kelangsungan hidup, tingkat konsumsi oksigen dan kadar amonia pada media transportasi benih bandeng.Perlakuan P4 (minyak cengkeh + karbon aktif) perlakuan terbaik karena memiliki sintasan tertinggi (76,7%), tingkat konsumsi oksigen terendah (1.