bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bivariate Modelling of the Long-Short Axis System for the Study of Eccentric Growth and Its Effect on Wood Specific Gravity Variation
Authors: Adutwum Jerry , Matsumura Junji
Published: September 2022

The specific gravity of wood (WSG), a variable property, has a strong
influence on the quality of the wood. Eccentric growth contributes to
the variation of WSG within a tree but is poorly understood. To clarify
the effects of eccentric growth on WSG variation, two opposite sides of
the same tree, representing a differential growth rate, were used for
the bivariate modelling of the long-short-axis system. The WSG values on
the long and short axes were considered two distinct traits, and their
common biological architecture was examined. By jointly modelling the
long-short axis, correlations between aspect (spatial correlation) and
contemporaneous correlation (within aspect) were examined. The variances
of WSG in the long-short axis were different and non-zero. The spatial
correlation was -0.03 in the outer wood modules and 0.52 in the core
wood modules, averaging 0.25 for the entire WSG profile between the
long-short axis. The contemporaneous correlation ranged from 0.79 to
0.86. The results suggest a spatial correlation between the long-short
axis and this spatial correlation change with the developmental stage of
the tree. The bivariate mixed model method provides the underlying
physiological, genetic, and environmental mechanisms related to the
long-short axis to explain, clarify, and predict the behaviour of
complex wood formation associated with eccentric growth. When young,
wood formed on opposite sides may be controlled by the same gene set,
but in the outer wood shell, the cambium can be controlled by different
and unrelated gene sets that drive WSG variation between aspects. It may
be that cambium evolves to meet the needs of a changing crown
architecture or local environment over time.
220 GHz SPST switch based on PIN diode with low insertion loss and high isolation
Authors: Hao Xiaolin , Gu Guodong , Liang Shixiong , Lv Yuanjie , Song Xubo , Zhang Lisen , Hong Feng Zhi
Published: September 2022

In order to address the issue of 220 GHz receiver protection, a
single-pole single-throw (SPST) switch based on GaAs PIN diodes is
introduced in this research. The PIN diode with an I layer thickness of
400 nm and a cut-off frequency over 1.5THz was created in order to
enable the SPST switch to operate in the terahertz frequency range.
Therefore, a 220 GHz quasi-MMIC SPST switch was designed using GaAs PIN
diodes and a 50 μm thin-film quartz foundry. The measurement reveals
that the isolation is > 29 dB, insertion loss is
< 3.2 dB in the frequency range of 220 GHz to 230 GHz and
IP1dB is 17 dBm at 220 GHz.
Assessing the spatio-temporal variability of erosion with a novel wind erosion model and GIS: A case-study of the South Australian agricultural zone
Authors: Jeanneau Amelie , Herrmann Tim , Ostendorf Bertram
Published: September 2022

Agricultural productivity in dryland areas can strongly decrease with
wind erosion. However, wind erosion events currently cannot be
predicted. Here, we show that a comprehensive model of daily horizontal
sediment flux with high spatio-temporal resolution can quantify the
impact of surface wind erosion in different regions in South Australia
with different land management practices. For example, the model showed
that during the Millennium drought period (2001-2010), surface wind
erosion led to the loss of fertile land, contributing to a decrease in
agricultural productivity. Since 2013, surface wind erosion has
decreased, likely owing to a change in farming practices that maintain
higher ground coverage for longer periods. The model also showed that
surface wind erosion was generally higher in farmed areas than in
natural environments such as shrubs and forests. Within the farmed
areas, the model indicated that management practices influenced the
magnitude of surface wind erosion. We were able to validate our model
using the frequency of dust storms as a proxy. Our model is a proof of
concept that, through an improved understanding of how different land
uses and management affect regional wind erosion severity, wind erosion
models can inform future land management. They can provide critical
information for land managers and policymakers to apply corrective
measures for better and more cost-effective wind erosion management,
thereby increasing or maintaining agricultural productivity in areas
affected by wind erosion.
Identification of an optimal magnetic resonance imaging-based classification for evaluating efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Tang Ying , Jiang Xiao , Wen Ming-bo , Su Bin , Yang Yingtao , Jiang Zhi-jun , Ding Na , Yin Shu , Hu Hui-quan , Xu Fan , Li Jun , Shi Qiuling
Published: September 2022

Objective: To identify an optimal magnetic resonance imaging-based
classification for evaluating the efficacy of focused ultrasound
ablation surgery (FUAS). Design：A retrospective cohort study. Setting:
The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical
College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China. Population: A total of 643
adenomyosis patients who received FUAS from June 2017 to December 2021.
Methods: One-way ANOVA test and chi square test were used to identify an
optimal classification for evaluating FUAS efficacy. Magnitude of the
optimal classification relating to timing of recurrence in FUAS group
was measured by cox regression with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. K-M
curve was applied to estimate the medium recurrence time of adenomyosis
in the optimal classification. Main outcome measures: The identification
of different classifications for FUAS efficacy and the factors
contributing to recurrence after FUAS. Results: The rates of
dysmenorrhea relief (χ2=10.079, P=0.018) and recurrence could be
identified by classification 2 in FUAS group (χ2=10.582, P=0.014), but
not in FUAS+ group (P＞0.05). Besides, the recurrence rate in FUAS group
(22.2.0%) was higher than that in FUAS+ group (12.1%). Extrinsic
subtype in classification 2 (HR=2.315, 95% CI 1.219～4.560, P=0.011)
correlated to recurrence of adenomyosis in FUAS group. K-M curve showed
that the medium recurrence time of extrinsic subtype (45.2 months) was
shorter than that of other subtypes (52.0 months). Conclusions:
Classification 2 was the optimal one to identify the rates of
dysmenorrhea relief and recurrence. Extrinsic subtype was related to the
earlier onset of recurrence after FUAS.
Genomic characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV) from 2019 outbreak in India reveals circulation of Kenyan-like LSDV strains with unique kelch-like proteins
Authors: Kumar Amit , Venkatesan Gnanavel , Kushwaha Anand , G Poulinlu , Saha Tapabrata , A Ramakrisnan M , Dhar Pronab , Kumar G. Sai , K Singh R
Published: September 2022

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important poxviral disease
endemic to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Recently, LSD has spread to naïve
countries, including India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar,
Vietnam, and Thailand. Here, we describe the complete genomic
characterization of LSDV from India, LSDV-WB/IND/19 isolated from a calf
in Vero cells determined by Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS).
The LSDV-WB/IND/19 has a genome size of 150969 bp encoding 156 putative
ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequence suggested
that LSDV-WB/IND/19 is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains with 10-12
variants with non-synonymous changes confined to LSD_019, LSD_049,
LSD_089, LSD_094, LSD_096, LSD_140, and LSD_144 genes. In contrast,
to complete kelch-like proteins in Kenyan LSDV strains, LSDV-WB/IND/19
LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes were found to encode truncated versions
(019a, 019b, and 144a, 144b). LSD_019a and LSD_019b proteins of
LSDV-WB/IND/19 resemble that of wild-type LSDV strains based on SNPs and
the C-terminal part of LSD_019b except for deletion at K229, whereas
the LSD_144a and LSD_144b proteins resemble that of Kenyan LSDV
strains based on SNPs, however, C-terminal part of LSD_144a resembles
that of vaccine-associated LSDV strains due to premature truncation. The
NGS findings were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of these genes in Vero
cell isolate as well as in the original skin scab along with similar
findings in another Indian LSDV from scab specimens. LSD_019 and
LSD_144 genes are thought to modulate virulence and host range in
capripoxviruses. This study demonstrates the circulation of unique LSDV
strains in India and highlights the importance of constant monitoring of
the molecular evolution of LSDV and associated factors in the region in
light of the emergence of recombinant LSDV strains.
EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia in hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Tsubokura Misato , Kojima Minoru , Nakabayashi Saori , Takahashi Noriko , Takeuchi Sayaka , Aruga Yu , Ikeda Chiaki , Maezawa Naoki , Okazaki Koji , Uchida Saishiro , Watanabe Mizuki , Aoki Jun , Ito Ayumu , Tanaka Takashi , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Kim Sung-Won , Matsushita Hiromichi , Fukuda Takahiro
Published: September 2022

We herein report a case of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
(PBSCT) from EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP). The apheresis
product was inspected for 24 hours and there was no platelet clumping or
thrombocytopenia. In the first 10 months after PBSCT, there has been no
transfer symptom of PTCP.
Acute Liver Failure in a young patient with Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Adhikari Lukash , Achhami Eliz , shrestha shumneva
Published: September 2022

Dengue fever is caused by the Aedes species, which has four
different serotypes. This virus is endemic to Southeast countries,
including Nepal. The clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic
to life-threatening acute liver failure. Prompt diagnosis and management
are necessary in order to prevent severe complications.
Immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation signatures in incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Birukov Anna , Plavša Branimir , Eichelmann Fabian , Kuxhaus Olga , Hoshi Rosangela Akemi , Rudman Najda , Štambuk Tamara , Trbojević-Akmačić Irena , Schiborn Catarina , Morze Jakub , Mihelčić Matea , Cindrić Ana , Liu Yanyan , Demler Olga , Perola Markus , Mora Samia , Schulze Matthias B , Lauc Gordan , Wittenbecher Clemens
Published: September 2022

  

Objective: N-glycosylation is a functional posttranslational modification of immunoglobulins (Ig). We hypothesized that specific IgG N-glycans are associated with incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Research Design and Methods: We performed case-cohort studies within the population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (type 2 diabetes: subcohort [N=2,127], incident cases [N=741]; CVD: subcohort [N=2,175], cases [myocardial infarction and stroke, N=417]). Relative abundances of 24 IgG N-glycan peaks (IgG-GPs) were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography, and 8 glycosylation traits were derived based on structural similarity. Endpoint-associated IgG-GPs were preselected with fractional polynomials, and prospective associations estimated in confounder-adjusted Cox models. Diabetes risk associations were validated in 3 independent studies.

Results: After adjustment for confounders and multiple testing correction, IgG-GP7, IgG-GP8, IgG-GP9, IgG-GP11, and IgG-GP19 were associated with type 2 diabetes risk. A score based on these IgG-GPs was associated with a higher diabetes risk in EPIC-Potsdam and independent validation studies (N cases=843, N total=3,149; pooled estimate per standard deviation [SD] increase: 1.50, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.37-1.64). Associations of IgG-GPs with CVD risk differed between men and women. In women, IgG-GP9 was inversely associated with CVD risk (hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.80, 95%CI 0.65-0.98). In men, a weighted score based on IgG-GP19 and IgG-GP23 was associated with higher CVD risk (HR per SD 1.47, 95%CI 1.20-1.80). In addition, several derived traits were associated with cardiometabolic disease incidence. 

Conclusions: Selected IgG glycans are associated with cardiometabolic risk beyond classic risk factors, including clinical biomarkers.
Evaluation of Melanoma Thickness with Clinical Close-up and Dermoscopic Images Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Gillstedt Martin , Mannius Ludwig , Paoli John , Dahlén Gyllencreutz Johan , Fougelberg Julia , Johansson Backman Eva , Pakka Jenna , Zaar Oscar , Polesie Sam
Published: September 2022

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise in discriminating between invasive and in situ melanomas. The aim of this study was to analyse how a CNN model, integrating both clinical close-up and dermoscopic images, performed compared with 6 independent dermatologists. The secondary aim was to address which clinical and dermoscopic features dermatologists found to be suggestive of invasive and in situ melanomas, respectively. A retrospective investigation was conducted including 1,578 cases of paired images of invasive (n = 728, 46.1%) and in situ melanomas (n = 850, 53.9%). All images were obtained from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and were randomized to a training set (n = 1,078), a validation set (n = 200) and a test set (n = 300). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) among the dermatologists ranged from 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.70–0.81) to 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.85). The combined dermatologists’ AUC was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.77–0.86), which was significantly higher than the CNN model (0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.67–0.78, p = 0.001). Three of the dermatologists significantly outperformed the CNN. Shiny white lines, atypical blue-white structures and polymorphous vessels displayed a moderate interobserver agreement, and these features also correlated with invasive melanoma. Prospective trials are needed to address the clinical usefulness of CNN models in this setting.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Absence of Hyperhidrosis but Presence of a Proinflammatory Signature in Patients’ Sweat
Authors: Frings Verena G. , Roth Nadine , Gläsel Maxine , Bauer Boris , Goebeler Matthias , Presser Dagmar , Kerstan Andreas
Published: September 2022

The role of sweat glands in hidradenitis suppurativa has been largely neglected, despite the fact that its original designation, as “hidrosadénite phlegmoneuse”, implied an inflammatory malfunction of the apocrine sweat glands as the underlying pathogenic driver. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of apocrine sweat glands with respect to the proinflammatory environment of hidradenitis suppurativa. Therefore, gravimetric assessment and multiplex cytokine assays from sweat obtained from patients with hidradenitis suppurativa along with immunofluorescence cytokine/chemokine analysis of lesional apocrine glands- bearing hidradenitis suppurativa skin were performed. Gravimetric assessment of 17 patients with hidradenitis suppurativa revealed that the condition is not associated with hyperhidrosis. However, patients seem to be more affected by subjective sweating. The current data identified a complex proinflammatory signature in hidradenitis suppurativa sweat characterized by a significant upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-8 (CXCL8), and interferon-γ. In agreement with this, a strong in situ expression of these mediators could be observed in apocrine glands of lesional hidradenitis suppurativa skin. These data shed new light on the proinflammatory capacity of apocrine sweat glands in hidradenitis suppurativa, which may lead to reconsideration of the role of sweat glands in hidradenitis suppurativa pathology.
Propiedades, beneficios y efectos de la guanábana (Annona muricata L.) sobre la glucemia y el cáncer.
Authors: Sosa Crespo Irving , Pareja Aguiñaga Jesús Alejandro , Mugarte Moguel Alfonso Jesús , Chel Guerrero Luis Antonio , Betancur Ancona David Abram
Published: September 2022

La guanábana (Annona muricata L) es un fruto que ha presentado diferentes beneficios a la salud humana. Se han empleado diversas porciones de la planta en medicina tradicional para disminución de inflamación, fiebre, tos y asma. El fruto promueve cierta actividad antihiperglucemiante y adelgazante en el organismo; adicionalmente se ha empleado como remedio anticancerígeno. Debido a lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar y analizar diversos resultados de investigaciones experimentales realizadas con diferentes partes de la guanábana, para considerar su actividad glucémica y su efecto antitumoral para una posible aplicación a futuro. Para desarrollar el presente trabajo, se revisaron diversos artículos, revistas y libros de servidores virtuales que contenían las características solicitadas para el tema tratado. Los resultados demostraron la presencia de ciertos componentes como taninos, flavonoides, catequinas, quercetinas y polifenoles. Entre los principios activos mayormente presentes en la guanábana están las acetogeninas anonáceas; estos fitoquímicos naturales producidos en las raíces, corteza, tallos y hojas del árbol, así como en las semillas de los frutos, se ha demostrado diversos efectos benéficos. Hojas, frutos, raíces y semillas, han sido considerados componentes con efectos antidiabéticos; ciertas investigaciones demostraron que la administración diaria de extracto de hojas en ratas disminuyó los niveles sanguíneos de glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol; otros estudios suministraron por treinta días un extracto de guanábana con jengibre, con una disminución en el daño hepático causado por diabetes mellitus. Las acetogeninas presentes en la guanábana, han sido estudiadas por su actividad antitumoral ya que estos compuestos pueden inhibir selectivamente el crecimiento de las células cancerígenas. Los polifenoles del fruto demostraron efecto antioxidante, los cuales pudieran presentar efectos coadyuvantes con los tratamientos contra el cáncer. A pesar de los beneficios, se debe tener precaución en caso de ingerirse en grandes cantidades y por períodos prolongados debido a potenciales efectos adversos.
Monkeypox Re-Emergence after Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: S Hussain
Published: September 2022

Several contagious illness outbreaks have devastated the globe over the past. With the plethora of potential and reappearing infections such as MXP on the upswing, it is past time to draw lessons and insights from previous outbreaks to guide and effectively prepare for potential future outbreaks. Monkeypox (MXP) is a new zoonotic disease that has emerged as the most common orthopoxvirus infection in people since the elimination of smallpox. MXP's clinical manifestations are identical to that of smallpox. The illness is endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), although other nations in Central Africa (CA) and West Africa (WA) have documented human cases or wildlife transmission. The MXP was also identified for the first time in the United States (US) in 2003. The condition has long been thought to be uncommon and self-limiting, although infrequent cases imply differently. Regrettably, the information gathered is scarce, fragmented, and sometimes inaccurate. Human MXP cases have grown in incidence and regional distribution in past years because there are significant gaps in knowledge of the condition's origin, epidemiology, and biology. The MXP virus is an elevated virus that infects a serious publichealth problem. As a result, there seems to be a necessity to emphasize developing surveillance capabilities that will give vital data for establishing suitable preventative, readiness, and response operations.
Bioequivalence Trial of Two Piracetam 800 Mg ImmediateRelease Oral Tablets in Mexicans: Insights in the Use and Abuse of Nootropics
Authors: G Marcelín-Jimenez
Published: September 2022

Objective: To share pharmacokinetic data and a bio-analytical method for the conduction of a bioequivalence trial of Piracetam 800-mg immediate release tablets in Mexicans. Methods: Twelve male and 18 female healthy volunteers were administered with a single oral dose of one 800-mg Piracetam tablet under fasting conditions, in a cross-over design study, with blood sampling up to 24 h post-dose. Piracetam was measured by tandem Mass Spectrometry coupled to Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) using metronidazole as internal standard. Logarithmic ratios of maximal plasma concentration (Cmax ) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to establish 90% Confidence Intervals [CI] for bioequivalence. Results: Both formulations (Nootropil™ as reference product, and PIRACETAM generic formulation as test product) were safe and well tolerated. The analytical method proved to be linear with accuracy and precision within a range of 1-60 µg/mL; 90% CI for and were [82.62–94.68] and [95.22–102.06]. Cmax was reached at approximately 1 h, and plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) was around 5.1 h for both products. Conclusion: Assayed products met the criteria established by the Mexican regulatory agency (COFEPRIS) to be declared bioequivalent. Mexican population appears to be a high absorber of Piracetam, exhibiting a 300% higher and an ABC0-inf 60% greater than other populations previously reported.
Modified Isolation Method of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Placental Tissue: Cheap and Effective
Authors: CEVIK Ozge
Published: September 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originating from the human placenta (PMSCs) are promising for cell-based therapeutics. However, the growing demand for PMSCs in clinical trials necessitates high-quality cells in huge numbers. This study aims to create an effective and cheap procedure for PMSC isolation and culture. MSC was isolated from human placental tissue (3- 4mm) by three different methods: explant, collagenase (1 mg/ml), modified method (explant+ 0.1 mg/ml collagenase). PMSC cell morphologies were followed under an inverted microscope for 21 days. PMSCs characterizations were performed using CD44 and CD90 staining and the immunofluorescence method. PMSCs differentiation capacities were determined by alcian blue, oil red, and alizarin red staining. The modified method (explant+collagenase) is based on placenta tissue fragments put in the bottom of the dish and incubated with a culture medium containing %0,1 collagenase type 1. Compared to the traditional explant and enzymatic culture methods that used collagenase 1 mg/ml for incubation in terms of isolation efficiency, cell yield, and proliferative capability. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the characterization of mesenchymal stem cells for all isolation techniques. It was determined that the number of cells per area was the lowest in the explant method and the highest in the modified method. Morphological structures of PMSCs isolated using explant, collagenase, and modified method are fusiform and have a fibroblast-like appearance. PMSC isolated in the modified method has higher quality cells with high proliferation ability. It was observed that the modified method especially preserved the cell adhesion ability. It was observed that the isolated PMSCs using a modified method could differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic cell lines in the stainings performed to evaluate their differentiation capacity. Our research identified an effective and high-yield method for producing high-quality PMSCs from the placenta tissue. According to general isolation protocols, the low amount of enzyme used makes it an ideal isolation technique for MSCs for therapeutic use.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Sleep / Wake Cycle and Melatonin
Authors: S Rai
Published: September 2022

The world has come to a halt as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has forced most countries to implement lockdown for the maintenance of the spread of infection. This commentary highlights the important role of sleep as a public health problem, especially in stressful life stages such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and is evidence-based and practical for managing sleep disorders during this crisis. People’s routine has changed due to lockdown, including physical activities, eating habits, electronic usage, and sleeping habits. This has caused disruption between the external and internal zeitgebers and have the greatest impact on melatonin hormone. Melatonin is a key regulator of sleep-in body and controls other hormone cycles as endogenous synchroniser. Sleep is influenced by both circadian and homeostatic factors and sleep problems have a wide range of impacts on the body, effecting different physiological system. So, we should maintain a sleep / wake cycle which will benefit the overall health.
Benign Metastasizing Uterine Leiomyoma: Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: E Wafaa
Published: September 2022

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma is a rare disorder involving distant metastases secondary to a smooth muscle tumor of the myometrium. Oftentimes, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor when nodules are found in multiple tissues. In most cases, there is a previous history of total abdominal hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. However, the pathogenesis of this disease has not yet been elucidated. In order to raise clinicians’ awareness of BML, we present a short review of the literature in combination with an unusual case.
Validation of 3D Printed Laboratory Safety Product in Pathology from Online COVID-19 Related 3D Print Resource
Authors: A Tandon
Published: September 2022

COVID19 pandemic introduced several challenges in all aspect of life and bring new normal. The health sector was most affected area worldwide and task forces handle the several aspects of it in the patient management. One such area is medical 3D printing and several COVID19 related products were designed and tried at local level for patient care. Across the world the laboratory safety products were well planned such as visor for face shield, goggles, heavy duty respirators, and door handle. These products are useful in diagnostic laboratories such as cytology. Author attempted 3D printed visor for face shield having potential for its use in diagnostic laboratory.
Anatomical Study of Some Selected Bones of the Hind Limb of Local Domestic Dog ( Canis lupus familiaris )
Authors: B Abdulrahman
Published: September 2022

This study was aimed at investigating the age related changes in the morphometry and biometry of some selected bones of the hind limb of Nigerian local dog ( canis lupus familiaris ). In this study a total of fifteen dogs were used as sample and were grouped into five age categories (group A-E). The dogs were aged by estimation using dentition eruption and wearing. The segment of the hind limb was identified and separated from the rest from other parts. The gross study of the hind limb revealed that the hind limb was composed of: ossa coxarum, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal and metatarsal bones. The biometric study revealed that the weight, length, width and circumference were found to be increasing with advancement in age. The result revealed that mean weight, length and circumference of various segments of the ossa coxarum, femur and the tibia tends to increase with age across the group that is from group A to group E. However, there is variation in the length of the fibula, width of the obturator foramen and length of the obturator foramen. Base on the above results, it was concluded that base line data was established with the aim of enhancing learning.
The Pervasive Forager-Solitary Reticulohistiocytoma
Authors: A Bajaj
Published: September 2022

Solitary reticulohistiocytoma is an exceptional, benign, non-neoplastic, non-Langerhans histiocytic cell proliferation. The condition appears as a cytokine-induced, localized collection of histiocytic cells emerging as a reaction to an obscure inflammatory stimulus. Reticulohistiocytic lesions are subcategorized into distinct categories as solitary cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma, multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma and multi-centric reticulohistiocytosis. Solitary reticulohistiocytoma appears as an isolated, painless nodule at diverse sites and is devoid of systemic symptoms. A diffuse, dermal infiltration of enlarged, mononuclear or multinuclear histiocytic cells is admixed with lymphocytes and foci of dermal fibrosis.
Sub-Nephrotic Proteinuria as the Indication for a Kidney Biopsy: Review
Authors: S Taheri
Published: September 2022

Sub-nephrotic proteinuria as a clinical syndrome and an indication to renal biopsy has not much attention. In this systematic review, series from 24 studies have been researched. IgA nephropathy, MesPGN and MGN were respectively defined as the most likely diagnoses for patients undergoing renal biopsies due to sub-nephrotic proteinuria. Profound disparities were also detected with regard to the patients’ region of origin as well as their age subgroup. Due to the limitation of the number of series reporting data on sub-nephrotic proteinuria and associated pathological diagnoses, further data coming with the prospective reports are necessary to make more precise estimations.
Mathematically Comparison of Anatomical Features of Endemic Phlomis Russeliana (Sims.) Bentham and Phlomis Armeniaca Willd. (Labiatae) from Turkey
Authors: C Ozdemir
Published: September 2022

Lamiaceae families to which the investigated taxa belong are of high importance for their antioxidant potential, multiple pharmaceutical uses in folk medicine, and commercial essential oils as well as their wide cosmetic and culinary applications. In this study, the anatomical features of endemic Phlomis russeliana (Sims.) Bentham and endemic Phlomis armeniaca Willd. Belonging to the Lamiaceae were compared mathematically. The numerical data obtained from the laboratory studies were tried to be tested by comparing the features of the species. These comparisons are supported numerically by statistical analysis. The results showed that investigated species also could be distinguished from each other not only by their morphological features but numerical anatomical characters as well.
Neurosyphilis Presenting as Failure to Thrive
Authors: A Hazari
Published: September 2022

Neurosyphilis occurs when the nervous system is affected by the Treponema Pallidum bacterial species. Medical literature describes two clinical stages: early and late. Early can be asymptomatic or show signs of meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Conversely, late presents as parenchymal, vascular abnormalities, tabes dorsalis or syphilitic gumma. Although neurosyphilis is now uncommon, knowledge of key physical exam findings is crucial to its consideration and subsequent diagnosis and management.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) During Pregnancy among African Women: Characteristics of Pregnant Woman at the Start of Pandemic in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Apolin Sondo K
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Little work has been done on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in pregnant women particularly among African women. Further knowledge is needed to address this gap. During this COVID-19 epidemic, we found and report five (5) confirmed cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of COVID-19 among pregnant women that were admitted and treated in hospitals in Ouagadougou. Methodology: This is a case study carried out on COVID-19 care sites in the city of Ouagadougou. All pregnant women admitted between March 9th and June 30th with a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS- Cov-2 were included in our study population. Results: Five cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy were identified and the mean age of the patients was 27.2 years ± 4.9. The mean gestational age was 20 weeks amenorrhea (WA). Clinically, three (3) patients developed fever, two (2) patients had myalgia, dysphonia, one (1) patient cough, anorexia, asthenia, anosmia and ageusia. Three patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin. The materno-fetal prognosis was good with three virological cures. In one case, there was a persistence of virology and in another case the patient refused the follow-up. Conclusion: The maternofoetal prognosis of women with COVID-19 is good apart from the occurrence of respiratory signs. While there is no reliable evidence to support the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection from mother to baby, the infection and inflammation that occurred in response to the viral infection could affect the development of the fetus hence an interest in monitoring the growth of babies.
The Epidemiology and Molecular Aspect of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobactericiae (CPE). A Review
Authors: Z Sahile
Published: September 2022

Carbapenems are the last line of defense against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that cause serious infections. Although they are resistant to most B-lactamases, the presence of carbapenem hydrolyzing enzymes known as carbapenemase has put their use as a last-resort antibiotic in jeopardy. These enzymes are produced most frequently by Enterobacteriaceae. True carbapenemase in Ambler molecular classes A, B, and D are frequently expressed by genes found in mobile genetic elements such plasmids, integrons, and transposons, which frequently contain many resistance determinants, further limiting treatment options. The worldwide development of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has resulted in a large number of nosocomial and community-acquired illnesses, which has become a major public health issue. In vitro evidence of the advantages of combination schemes against polymyxins is still available while polymyxins are still available.
Epidemiology of Serratia Marcescens in the Neonatal ICU of A Tertiary Hospital in Oman over a 10 Years Period
Authors: Mahrooqi Muna AL
Published: September 2022

Background: Serratia marcescens has been described as a significant nosocomial organism. Several S. marcescens outbreaks in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) were described as causing fatal meningitis, sepsis or pneumonitis in premature or low birth weight neonates with a mortality rate of 44%. The primary objective of this study is to describe the outcome (mortality and length of hospital stay) of S. marcescen s infection in NICU at a tertiary care hospital over ten years (2009 -2018). Secondary objectives are to describe the incidence of S. marcescens infection/colonization in NICU, study the risk factors associated with S. marcescens infection/colonization, and the microbiology of this organism. Method: A retrospective, unmatched case-control study was conducted between January 2009 to December 2018. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of Serratia marcescens and mortality among Serratia marcescens infected patients. The Odds Ratio (OR) was reported with its 95% CI. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 93 cases had a positive culture of S. marcescens in neonates hospitalized in the NICU during the study period and 201 controls were included. 50.5% (n=47) of cases were male and 49.5% (n=46) were females. The clinical features of infection by S. marcescens range from asymptomatic colonization (16.1%) to potentially fatal sepsis (38.7%) and meningitis (1.1%). 13 cases (17.3 %) had colonization before infection. Mortality rate among infected neonates was 17%. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (OR= 1.969, 95% CI= 1.020-3.801, P= 0.044), premature birth ((OR= 2.670, 95% CI= 1.156-6.167, P= 0.021). C-section (OR= 3.238, 95% CI= 1.591-6.591, P= 0.001), type of feeding and surgery (OR= 3.719, 95% CI= 1.546-8.946, P= 0.003) were independent predictors for acquiring S. marcescens . Female gender was an independent factor for mortality from Serratia infection (OR= 6.741, 95% CI= 1.307-34.767, P= 0.023). Conclusion: S. marcescens is an important pathogen that has a propensity to cause difficult-to-control outbreaks in NICUs. Healthcare workers' awareness of this organism and enhancement of infection prevention and control measures is a vital requirement to prevent HAIs among susceptible neonates.
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy of Right Ventricle without Involvement of Left Ventricle
Authors: Mittal Sitaram
Published: September 2022

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy localized to right ventricle is rare. There are no diagnostic clinical or electrocardiographic findings. Echocardiography is diagnostic. A case of isolated right ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is reported and literature is reviewed.
Pediatric Tricuspid Valve Infective Endocarditis- Insite into a Challenging Management
Authors: Singh Dharmraj
Published: September 2022

Pediatric tricuspid valve endocarditis is an uncommon entity which is now becoming prevalent owing to improved diagnostic methods and increase number of cardiac surgeries. Paediatric right sided infective endocarditis is mostly secondary to structural heart defects or indwelling venous catheters. We present a case of paeditric tricuspid valve endocarditis presenting with complete heart block, septic arthritis, pulmonary abscess with no structural heart defect diagnosed preoperatively. Intraoperatively a ventricular septal defect was diagnosed and managed. We present the difficult management of the case by medical and surgical intervention and management of secondary fungal infective endocarditis with repeated successful surgical intervention. We also emphasize on lack of established guidelines for management of right-sided infective endocarditis.
Energy Drinks: Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: P Higgins John
Published: September 2022

Energy drinks (EDs) are gaining popularity every year with a broad consumer base including athletes, amateur competitors, and office workers trying to avoid afternoon fatigue. Evidence suggests an association between ED consumption and adverse effects, especially in at-risk populations including those of young age, the caffeine-naive/sensitive, women, competitive athletes, and those with underlying cardiovascular disease. This paper summarizes the cardiovascular complications associated with ED use and provides suggestions on the consumption of these drinks in various populations.
An Insight into Interventions after Previous Coarctation of Aorta Repair
Authors: Satsangi Amitabh
Published: September 2022

After initial intervention for management of coarctation of aorta, recoarctation rates remain variable with different surgical approaches for repair of coarctation of aorta, ranging between 10-41 percent. Various techniques remain prevalent and preferable in different situations and patients of different ages. The most common reintervention is done for restenosis after endovascular balloon dilatation and open surgical repairs. Aneurysmal degeneration is another cause of reintervention, seen after surgical repair and endovascular repair. Endovascular procedures, balloon dilation, stent grafting, and open surgical repairs may be applicable for reintervention. There are specific challenges and risks related to reintervention using either endovascular procedures or open surgical repairs as strategies for restenosis and aneurysms after the previous coarctation of aorta repair.
Cardiovascular Pathologies and Climate and Seasonal Variation: Prospective and Comparative Study between the Cold Season and the Hot Season 2016 at the Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital (Hnabd) About 258 Cases
Authors: Ali Ibrahim Toure
Published: September 2022

This is a prospective and comparative study over four months between the cold season (January-February) and the hot season (April-May) 2016. It concerned 258 patients hospitalized in the medicine-cardiology department during this period in whom the diagnosis of cardiovascular pathologies has been made. Through this work, we have studied the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, evolutionary aspects and finally the impact of climatic and seasonal variations on cardiovascular pathologies. Epidemiologically, cardiovascular pathologies account for 55.60% of admissions to the department. We note a male predominance with 53.10% against 46.90% for the female sex. The average age was 55.17 years. The age group over 60 years is the most affected with 54.25%. The cardiovascular disease admission rate was 43.41% in the cold season compared to 56.59% in the hot season. Clinically, the most frequent diagnoses were heart failure, stroke and hypertension with 47.28%, respectively; 24.03%; and 8.91%. From a therapeutic standpoint, the protocol used is largely based on diuretics, CE inhibitors and antiplatelet agents. From an evolutionary standpoint, the course is favorable in 81.79% of patients. The death rate is 14.34% with a peak of deaths during the hot season. Thus we found 24 deaths, a mortality rate of 16.43% and 64.86% of total deaths in the hot season. Indeed, the temperature rises lead to an increase in admissions but also in mortality linked to cardiovascular diseases.
A Rare Case of Apert Syndrome due to Mutation of FGFR2 Gene (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2) – A Disorder of Advanced Paternal Age- A Case Report
Authors: S Mukhopadhyay
Published: September 2022

The effects of advanced maternal age on offsprings have been well studied and the best documented example is Down syndrome. A small group of congenital disorders, called paternal age effect (PAE) disorders include Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Achondroplasia and Thanatophoric dysplasia are associated with increased paternal age, relative to the general population. One such case of Apert Syndrome has been discussed in this article.
Quality of Life Assessment using Heath Related Quality of Life in Affected CKDu Individuals; Concept Paper
Authors: Fahim Aslam
Published: September 2022

Pandemics over the years have been a constant threat towards mankind, the most recent COVID-19 outbreak is no exception to this. With the emerging demand of treating the outbreak, majority of the frontline workers have been assigned towards helping out the COVID-19 affected patients leaving the others behind. However, over time several healthcare practitioners have been using alternative forms of patient assessment tools. Heath Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) is one of the commonly used tools that have been widely used across Europe and America, using these, patients can self-evaluate their own conditions without requiring the assistance of a doctor. This paper focuses provides a conceptual framework that can be followed for quality of life assessment in chronic kidney patients using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) questionnaire.
Clinical Predictors of Histological Grade of Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder before First-Time Transurethral Resection of the Bladder Tumor (Turbt)
Authors: KN Islam
Published: September 2022

Background: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can save lives of the patients with bladder cancer. The confirmatory test for grade of the disease is histopathological examination after transurethral resection. But if the grade of the tumor can be predicted at the time of presentation from size and number of tumors seen by ultrasonographic imaging, clinician can counsel the patient beforehand and also arrange rapid treatment to save life. Objective: To assess the size and number of tumors as clinical predictors of histological grade of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder before first-time transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Urology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2020 to April 2020. Fifty patients were enrolled in this study. Size and number of the tumor was determined by preoperative ultrasonography of urinary bladder. Histopathological examination was used to determine the grade of the tumor after TURBT. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 52.04 ± 18.37 years within the range of 22–95 years. Males (56.0%) were predominant than females (44.0%). Male to female ratio was 1.27:1. Mean number of tumor was 1.28 ± 0.64 (1-3) and mean tumor size was 3.54 ± 1.47 cm (1-7). High grade tumor was 26 (52.0%) and low grade tumor was 24 (48.0%). There was no significant association of tumor grading with number of tumor in this study. High grade tumor was significantly higher among the study subjects with tumor size >3.5 cm. Area under curve (AUC) of tumor number and tumor size was 0.558 and 0.827 respectively in prediction of tumor grading. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of tumor number (at cut of value 3) was 15.4%, 95.8%, 80.0%, 51.1% and 54.0% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of tumor size (at cut of value 3.5 cm) was 90.5%, 76.3%, 80.9%, 87.9% and 83.7% respectively. Overall Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of tumor size was better than tumor number in prediction of tumor grading. Conclusion: According to this study finding, it can be concluded that the grade of newly diagnosed bladder tumors can be predicted with high accuracy using tumor size
Determination of the Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Bamo River in Goba Administrative Town, Southeastern, Ethiopia
Authors: MZ Haile
Published: September 2022

The accumulation of heavy metals in water bodies can pose serious environmental problems to the surrounding areas as well as serious health problems in people that use it for drinking purposes and domestic activities. The main aim of this study is to determine the levels of selected heavy metals and physiochemical parameters in Bamo river water of Goba district of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Three samples collected from Bamo River were analyzed using FAAS and Palin test photometer. Generally, the physicochemical parameters such as temperature, TDS, EC, and TH were measured on site. While pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total hardness, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, K, and Cu were analyzed in the laboratory. All the samples were analyzed for seven heavy metals (Zn, Fe Cu, Pb Ni, Cr and Mn). The mean concentrations (in mg/L) of studied heavy metals were found to be in the range: Zn (0.330- 0.274), Cu (0.56-0.44), Pb (0.009-0.057), Ni (2,93- 3.58), Cr (0.179-0.294) and Mn (0.012-1.011). Comparison of the results for the studied heavy metals with international standard revealed that the concentrations of (Pb, Cr, and Ni) in water samples were slightly higher than the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO, USEPA and EU. Therefore, the river water consumed by the rural and urban population of the district and their neighbors could potentially be exposed to the health risks of levels of these heavy metals. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the river of target area should be treated before using for drinking and domestic purpose.
Compost Production for Soil Nutrition
Authors: ZF Fawzy
Published: September 2022

One of the biggest problems fans face is maintaining soil fertility. The constant use of chemical fertilizers is also harmful. Therefore, a supplemental dose of compost is necessary to improve soil fertility. Organic fertilizers like compost make better use of all farm and animal waste and convert nutrients into an easily available form, increasing soil fertility. Compost is the product of an aerobic process during which microorganisms break down organic matter into a stable amendment to improve soil quality and fertility. During the composting process, microorganisms use organic matter as a food source, and produce heat, carbon dioxide, water vapor and humus as a result of their vigorous growth and activity. When applied to and mixed in soil, humus can promote good soil structure, improve water and nutrient holding capacity, and help control erosion. Humus makes up approximately 60 per cent of the final compost.