bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divining Troubles , or Divining Troubles?: Emergent and Conflictual Dimensions of Bangladeshi Divination
Authors: Wilce James M.
Published: February 2007

Divination is more dialogical than some diviners or anthropologists have made it appear. I analyze the transcript of one Bangladeshi divination event, comparing it with a dozen others performed by one diviner, Delwar, revealing how tenuously he manages to assign a single meaning to troubles, especially when clients openly compare his declarations with their intimate knowledge of those troubles. I explain how divinations could appear to be texts rather than emergent products of interaction. Diviners entextualize their declamations, doing their best to keep context at bay. Anthropologists who concentrate on textual products of divination—like Delwar's declamations—have made divination appear to enable groups to manage conflicts by transcending personal intentionality. Such representations elide troublesome interactive processes in which declamations emerge, meet potential rejection by clients, and are always vulnerable to recontextualization as clients might return to the diviner as events shift their perception of earlier divinations' accuracy.
With Jackson's Help
Authors: Shackleton Bailey D. R. (David Roy)
Published: February 2007

In lines 7-8 of Housman's dedicatory poem
(Manilius, vol. 1) nomen means "fame" and virtutis
refers to scholarly achievement, not to Moses Jackson (cf. TAPA
132 (2002) 209-13).
In the Mill with Slaves: Lucius Looks Back in Gratitude
Authors: Kenney E. J
Published: February 2007

At Apuleius Metamorphoses 9.13.3-5 Lucius
confesses that his experiences as an ass have profited him only as a
literary artist, not as a philosopher, an admission borne out by his own
narrative. This, it is suggested, reflects Apuleius' own retrospective
assessment of a fruitless attempt to reconcile Egyptian religion with
Platonism. The Greek ass-story which he appropriated and embellished
conveniently provided a fictional alter ego as narrator, a highly
dramatic metaphor with Egyptian resonances for Apuleius' own experiences,
and an opportunity for a bravura display of the rhetorical talents
on which his reputation as at once Sophist and Platonic philosopher
was based.
The Programmatic Message of the "Kings and Singers" Passage: Hesiod, Theogony 80-103
Authors: Stoddard Kathryn B
Published: February 2007

In Hesiod's Theogony, the "Kings and
Singers" passage, lines 80-103, parallels the poem's Dichterweihe,
lines 22-34, in that both portray contact between the Muses and
mortals on whom they bestow gifts. The gifts granted Hesiod in the
Dichterweihe, a divine voice and a laurel scepter, represent the
persuasive powers of �oid�w and basile�w
as described in Th. 80-103. The latter passage is thus programmatic
for how Hesiod perceives his role as narrator and how he intends to use
the Muses' gifts for didaxis. The Prometheus and Hekate passages later
in the poem show Hesiod's didaxis in action.
Schizophrenia Americana: Aliens, Alienists, and the "Personality Shift" of Twentieth-Century Culture
Authors: Heinze Andrew R
Published: February 2007

Challenging the validity of the influential "Susman thesis" about the rise of a consumption-based cult of personality in early twentieth-century America, this essay argues that the new emphasis on personality should be understood within the context of immigration, ethnicity and race rather than consumption. The "personality shift" derived from critical changes in American psychological thought that coincided with equally critical attempts to interpret personal and national identity in an era of mass immigration and ethnic relocation. The change in popular understandings of personality centered on the dilemma of dissociation and integration in regard to both the individual and the nation.
To "Corroborate Our Own Claims": Public Positioning and the Slavery Metaphor in Revolutionary America
Authors: Dorsey Peter A.
Published: February 2007

The widespread use of the metaphor of slavery in the rhetoric of the American Revolution sparked intense moral debate about the legitimacy of Whig claims for freedom. When royalists, African Americans, and other abolitionists pointed out the hypocrisy of the patriots' words, many Whig leaders began to denounce the reality of slavery rather than relinquish the trope they used to define the crisis. Many texts, however, such as Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence, suggest that Whigs did so primarily to strengthen a weak rhetorical position. While such texts built an influential antislavery argument, they also help to explain the conservative reaction that took place once independence had been achieved.
Bringing the Other to Center Stage: Seneca's Medea and the Anxieties of Imperialism
Authors: Benton Cindy
Published: February 2007

This article discusses Seneca's use of the myth of Medea to explore the relationships between Rome and its borderlands. In his Medea, Seneca's characters express anxieties about the consequences of cultural conflict that reflect larger Senecan concerns about imperialism. While leaving the periphery clearly affects the emigrant, as indicated by Medea's changing perceptions of her own character, bringing the periphery to the center also changes the nature of the center. Such concerns ultimately reveal trepidation about the loss of traditional Roman identity in the quest for imperial power and in the desire for the wealth of peripheral lands.
Origins and Development of the Field of Prehistory in Burma
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: February 2007

The circumstances under which the study of prehistory evolved in Burma are summarized and some of the issues, problems, and research topics are identified for future students of Burma's prehistory.
Megalithic Pochampad: The Skeletal Biology and Archaeological Context of an Iron Age Site in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kennedy Kenneth A. R.
Published: February 2007

Human skeletal remains from a burial site in southern India excavated in the 1960s by the Department of Archaeology and Museums of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, have been analyzed. The burials were recovered from three megalithic graves containing iron weapons and horse trappings, pottery and terracotta figurines, stone blades, pieces of copper, and faunal remains of domesticated species. These assemblages are hallmarks of the southern Indian Iron Age (Megalithic period) of the last three centuries B.C . Laboratory examination of the human skeletal and dental remains provide new information concerning the phenotypic heterogeneity of Iron Age populations, their physical changes in stature and tooth size, reduction of muscular-skeletal robusticity and sexual dimorphism, and other biological features reflecting evolutionary adaptations from an ancestral hunting-foraging lifeway to settlement in sedentary villages. The data from the study of the skeletal-dental biology of the inhabitants of Pochampad offer new insights into the health status and profiles of growth and development of these and other Iron Age populations in this part of the world. It is concluded that there was considerable phenotypic heterogeneity among these Iron Age communities of southern India and Sri Lanka, and that there was a continuity of populations over time rather than any abrupt demographic displacement of earlier Neolithic populations by invasions of some foreign, early iron-using peoples. Similarly, the biological data suggest that there was continuity of populations and gradual emergence of these last representatives of South Asian prehistory with their Early Historic period successors.
The Mangarevan Sequence and Dating of the Geographic Expansion into Southeast Polynesia
Authors: Green Roger Curtis , Weisler Marshall I
Published: February 2007

A recently published archaeological sequence supported by information from six sites excavated in the Mangarevan group in 1959 is summarized in the context of additional data and current interpretations of the prehistory of southeastern Polynesia. The known part of the Mangareva sequence covers the period from ca. a.d. 1200 to the time of early nineteenth-century contact with Europeans, with its datingen hanced by four new radiocarbon age determinations plus four previous ones, all on samples collected in 1959. More recent information from archaeological investigations on nearby Pitcairn and Henderson islands, showing they formed part of a long-term interaction sphere with Mangareva, indicate that while the early part of the Mangareva sequence from ca. a.d. 800–1200 remains undocumented, buried cultural deposits for this interval probably exist within Rikitea village on the main island of Mangareva. An a.d. 700–800 settlement for the Mangareva group is consistent with a similar age and origin for the first inhabitants of Easter Island, as aspects of the thirteenthcentury assemblages from both places are comparable. A similar age is also supported by several dates for an initial colonization of Henderson Island in this period. Recent linguistic reworkingof the early subgroupingof Eastern Polynesian suggests Easter Island, Original Mangarevan, and probably the extinct Polynesian languages of Henderson and Pitcairn were the first in the region, placing the age of that subgroup around a.d. 700–800. A major secondary contact with Marquesan speakers who may have settled in Mangareva at a.d. 1100–1300, seems to have been the basis for changing it into a Marquesic language, of a form then taken to Rapa. The archaeology, biological relationships, and linguistic history of the region now provides a robust and consistent outline for the geographic expansion into Southeast Polynesia.
Hun: Thai Doll Puppetry
Authors: Virulrak Surapone , Foley Kathy
Published: February 2007

The rod-puppet theatre of Thailand has been revitalized in the last thirty years by the work of artist and puppet maker Chakrabhand Posayakrit. His research into hun has contributed to a resurgence of knowledge and performance of this court-influenced art.
Historicity and Contemporaneity: Adaptations of Yuan Plays in the 1990s
Authors: Du Wenwei
Published: February 2007

Unlike revivals of classical drama in previous decades, post-1990 adaptations of Yuan-dynasty plays in China have taken new directions. Wenwei Du examines these new phenomena in three types of adaptations. His article discusses various new versions of such Yuan masterpieces as The Chalk Circle, The Orphan of Zhao, The Lute , and The Western Wing . What links all these recent revivals is the relation between historicity and contemporaneity. Playwrights, directors, artists, and critics are all concerned with the problem of how contemporary adaptations can remain faithful to the original while making ancient themes relevant to present-day society.
Water!: A Tamil Play by Komal Swaminathan
Authors: Swaminathan Komal , Shankar Subramanian
Published: February 2007

Komal Swaminathan (1935-1995) is one of the most important Tamil playwrights of the twentieth century. His work was highly commended by critics and widely followed by popular audiences. Water! (Thaneer, Thaneer ; 1980) is his most significant work and may be regarded as an excellent example of a species of political drama influential in the 1970s, not only in the Tamil theatrical world but in India in general. It appears here for the first time in English translation.
The Farcical Mosaic: The Changing Masks of Political Theatre in Contemporary India
Authors: Zook Darren C.
Published: February 2007

Political theatre has often relied upon farce and satire to make a veiled but effective critique of political trends. In contemporary India, however, political theatre is facing a new challenge in trying to find ways to "out-farce" a political arena that already has become inherently farcical. There are two special challenges addressed here. The first comes from the state of Kerala in southwestern India, where a self-styled progressive state government in the hands of the Communist Party has come under attack by critical play-wrights for ossifying into orthodoxy and complacency. The second challenge centers on the difficulties faced by playwrights who have turned toward so-called indigenous or folk models of theatre to voice their critiques. Since the national government in Delhi has tried to utilize the symbols of an invented indigenous past to establish its legitimacy, critical theatre often finds itself applauded and even co-opted by the very political forces against which it has directed its dissent. This article examines the difficulties of establishing a "pure" space for political theatre in contemporary India and offers as a conclusion a possible path toward resolution.
On Shimizu Kunio's Play: May Even Lunatics Die in Peace
Authors: Inoue Yoshie , Boyd Mari, tr
Published: February 2007

Inoue Yoshie's article, "On Shimizu Kunio's Play: May Even
Lunatics Die in Peace" (Shimizu Kunio "Kyojin naomote Ojo
o togu—Mukashi Bokutachi Aishita") is published in
Twentieth-Century Japanese Drama II (Nijusseiki no Engeki II —Nihon
Kindai Gikyoku no Tenkai), edited by the Japan Modern Theatre History
Research Group (2001). This comprehensive collection of criticism by
twenty-eight critics covers fifty-one playwrights and their plays written
between 1946 and 1973. Beginning with playwright Hotta Kiyomi and his
play Untenko no Musuko (The Son of a Machine Operator, 1947), the
book treats works by noted playwrights such as Mishima Yukio, Abe Kobo,
Tanaka Chikao, Kishida Kunio, Kubo Sakae, Betsuyaku Minoru, and Terayama
Shuji. It also discusses playwrights who are not so well known overseas
such as Yamada Tokiko, Suzuki Masao, Mafune Yutaka, and Nakano Minoru.
Jockeying for Tradition: The Checkered History of Korean Ch'angguk Opera
Authors: Killick Andrew P. (Andrew Peter)
Published: February 2007

The perception that Korea does not have a traditional theatre form
comparable to those of other Asian countries has been widely accepted
by Koreans as well as international observers. The last hundred years
have seen a sustained effort to fill this gap with a genre called
ch'angguka type of opera using the singing style, and
often the actual repertoire, of the older musical storytelling form
p'ansori. But admission to the hallowed ranks of the traditional has
not come easily, and ch'angguk still awaits the marks of
institutional recognition bestowed on p'ansori and other designated
"cultural assets." This article traces the complex and unfinished history
of ch'angguk's efforts to position itself relative to the
"traditional" against the backdrop of Korea's turbulent transition from
Confucian dynastic rule through colonization, partition, and nation
building. In the process, we see how a genre that seeks to associate
itself with tradition has had to address issues of historical truth,
modernity, nationalism, gender, and the colonial encounter.
East, West, and World Theatre
Authors: Tillis Steve
Published: February 2007

The study of world theatre was greatly advanced by the
publication in 1967 of Leonard C. Pronko's Theater East and West
(rev. ed. 1974). In this article, Steve Tillis notes Pronko's seminal
contribution but contends that the East-West Approach has outlived
its usefulness. He argues that the East/West dichotomy is based on
three assumptions that are at once factually untrue and profoundly
Eurocentric: first, that East and West are coherent cultural entities;
second, that East and West are roughly of the same magnitude and, between
them, comprehend the world; and third, that Eastern and Western theatre
forms make up two fundamentally distinct kinds of theatre. Tillis suggests
that world theatre studies would best be served if the East-West Approach
were replaced by a multiregional perspective offering a sound framework
for scholarship.
Hay Fever Holiday: Health, Leisure, and Place in Gilded-Age America
Authors: Mitman Gregg
Published: February 2007

By the 1880s hay fever (also called June Cold, Rose Cold, hay
asthma, hay cold, or autumnal catarrh) had become the pride of America's
leisure class. In mid-August each year, thousands of sufferers fled
to the White Mountains of New Hampshire, to the Adirondacks in upper
New York State, to the shores of the Great Lakes, or to the Colorado
plateau, hoping to escape the dreaded seasonal symptoms of watery eyes,
flowing nose, sneezing fits, and attacks of asthma, which many regarded
as the price of urban wealth and education. Through a focus on the White
Mountains as America's most fashionable hay fever resort in the late
nineteenth century, this essay explores the embodied local geography
of hay fever as a disease. The sufferers found in the White Mountains
physical relief, but also a place whose history affirmed their social
identity and shaped their relationship to the natural environment. And,
they, in turn, became active agents in shaping the geography of place:
in the very material relationships of daily life, in the social contours
of the region, and in the symbolic space that nature inhabited. In the
consumption of nature for health and pleasure, this article suggests,
lies an important, yet relatively unexplored, source for understanding
changing perceptions of environment and place and the impact of health
on the local and regional transformation of the North American landscape.
Writing the Geography of the Blue Ridge Mountains: How Displacement Recorded the Land
Authors: Powell Katrina M.
Published: February 2007

This article discusses the multiple rhetoric(s) surrounding the displacement of mountain families in forming the Shenandoah National Park. Past and present representations of that displacement have made for a complex and vexed biography of the landscape of the Blue Ridge Mountains. This project argues that an examination of historical and contemporary representations together will provide further insight into that complexity.
Identity, Identicality, and Life Writing: Telling (The Silent) Twins Apart
Authors: Couser G. Thomas
Published: February 2007

Identical twins challenge the Western valorization of the individual, and thus the major life-writing genres, autobiography and biography. The intense bond between Jennifer and June Gibbons, and their elective mutism, made their biography an unlikely project, but their obsessive journal-writing documented their lives in great detail. Marjorie Wallace's The Silent Twins demonstrates--and surmounts--the difficulty of representing identical twins.
Torn Curtain' s Futile Talk
Authors: Morris Christopher D
Published: February 2007

While conceding the story's moral ambiguities, most critics of Torn Curtain ultimately concur with the popular judgment of the film as a satire flawed by a weak script, production problems, and even the director's indifference. This deconstructive
study reads the film as a narrative of the illusion of mutual understanding, one that puts into question political, ethical, and religious distinctions.
"The Mother of All Battles": Courage Under Fire and the Gender-Integrated Military
Authors: Linville Susan E., (Susan Elizabeth)
Published: February 2007

Courage Under Fire (1996) goes a long way toward affirming the
goal of gender and racial integration in the contemporary armed services,
but it is also defined by images, elisions, and subtexts that point
equivocally to other historical and cultural vantage points, perspectives
that erode and destabilize the film's overtly forward-looking vision.
Godard's Comment Ça Va (1976): From Information Theory to Genetics
Authors: Hayes Kevin J.
Published: February 2007

Despite its poignancy and its wide-ranging cultural implications, Comment Ça Va (1976) remains one of Jean-Luc Godard's least-known films. Using technological theories of communication and applying new discoveries in genetics, Godard tells a self-reflexive story about a newspaperman's effort to make a video about the newspaper business and to make contact with his son that amounts to a virtual meta-essay on the communication process.
Three Forgotten French Filmmakers: André Cayatte, Georges Rouquier, and Roger Leenhardt
Authors: Bazin André , Cardullo Bert
Published: February 2007

These three review-essays by André Bazin were originally published in French in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Each treats a neglected, if not forgotten, director together with his most important film: respectively, André Cayatte and Before the Deluge; Georges Rouquier and Farrebique; and Roger Leenhardt and The Last Vacation.
Eroticism in Itami's The Funeral and Tampopo : Juxtaposition and Symbolism
Authors: Serper Zvika
Published: February 2007

Itami creates eroticism in The Funeral (1984) and Tampopo
(1985) by combining traditional Japanese notions of aesthetics with
a contemporary attitude toward the depiction of sex. Similar to their
manifestations in other traditional and modern Japanese performing and
visual arts, the shape and color of clothing, covering/uncovering of the
body, and objects are juxtaposed to give them symbolic sexual meaning.
The Genesis of Days of Heaven
Authors: Cohen Hubert I.
Published: February 2007

This article suggests that Old Testament stories are the
source of much of the plot of Terrence Malick's second film, Days
of Heaven (1978); that a transcendent power intervenes in its events;
and that Malick has therefore created a religious film.
Developing Student Understanding of HIV/AIDS Through Community Service-Learning: A Case Study Analysis
Authors: Jones Susan R , Abes Elisa S
Published: February 2007

This constructivist case study investigated student understanding about
HIV/AIDS in the context of a service-learning partnership between a
university class and local AIDS service organization. Analysis of data
garnered from four organization staff, three teaching staff, and eight
undergraduates suggests that interaction with clients and staff caused
students to examine how stereotypes shaped their attitudes about people
with HIV/AIDS and to rethink their behavioral choices.
Internet Technology Transfer and Social Capital: Aggregate and Individual Relationships in American Cities
Authors: Pierce John C. , Lovrich Nicholas P
Published: February 2007

This study sets forth a research agenda for
understanding the social implications of the transfer of Internet
technology to broad use by the mass public. In line with that
agenda, the article presents an empirical examination of the
relationship between Internet technology use and social capital effects in
the form of social trust and personal trust. At the aggregate level, 40
cities are examined in terms of their level of being "wired" and
their overall level of trust. At the individual level, surveys of the
public in Minneapolis and Atlanta are employed to determine if
individuals who use the Internet are more or less trustful than
those who do not. Although the conclusions differ somewhat
depending on the particular measure of trust employed, the overall
finding is that Internet technology use at both the aggregate and
the individual level is associated with higher levels of trust, even
when controlling for the demographics of the city and the
personal characteristics of individuals.
Explaining levels of within-group wage inequality in U.S. labor markets
Authors: McCall Leslie
Published: February 2007

Most research on earnings inequality has focused on the growing gap between workers of different races and at different education, age, and income levels, but a large portion of the increasing inequality has actually occurred within these groups. This article focuses on the extent and sources of “within-group” wage inequality in more than 500 labor markets in the United States in 1990. In addition to documenting that within-group wage inequality across regions varies more widely today than over the past several decades, the analysis reveals that two frequently cited explanations of rising wage inequality over time have little impact on within-group wage inequality when measured at the local labor market level: (1) industrial shifts and (2) increased technology and trade. By contrast, flexible and insecure employment conditions (e.g., unemployment, contingent work, and immigration) are associated strongly with high local levels of within-group wage inequality, especially among women.
Forecasting enrollments for immigrant entry-port school districts
Authors: Morrison Peter A.
Published: February 2007

This paper projects school enrollments in Santa Ana, California and evaluates the accuracy of the projections. It emphasizes the distinctive aspects of a local setting undergoing substantial immigrant influx and highlights the uncertainties that must be addressed. I adapt existing forecasting approaches to such local situations, match assumptions to future unknowns, and devise “early warning” thresholds keyed to timely decision making. This hybrid approach offers forecasters a useful point of departure in local settings dominated by wide margins of uncertainty and inherently risky assumptions.
Reconsidering mortality compression and deceleration: An alternative model of mortality rates
Authors: Lynch Scott M. , Brown J. Scott
Published: February 2007

In this research we develop a model of mortality rates that parameterizes mortality deceleration and compression, permits hypothesis tests for change in these parameters over time, and allows for formal gender comparisons. Our model fits mortality data well across all adult ages 20–105 for 1968–1992 U.S. white data, and the results offer some confirmation of findings of mortality research using conventional methods. We find that the age at which mortality deceleration begins is increasing over time, that decompression of mortality is occurring, and that these trends vary substantially across genders, although male and female mortality patterns appear to be converging to some extent.
Inequality in life expectancy, functional status, and active life expectancy across selected black and white populations in the United States
Authors: Geronimus Arline T. , Bound John , Waidmann Timothy A. , Colen Cynthia G. , Steffick Dianne
Published: February 2007

We calculated population-level estimates of mortality, functional health, and active life expectancy for black and white adults living in a diverse set of 23 local areas in 1990, and nationwide. At age 16, life expectancy and active life expectancy vary across the local populations by as much as 28 and 25 years respectively. The relationship between population infirmity and longevity also varies. Rural residents outlive urban residents, but their additional years are primarily inactive. Among urban residents, those in more affluent areas outlive those in high-poverty areas. For both whites and blacks, these gains represent increases in active years. For whites alone they also reflect reductions in years spent in poor health.
The misuse of biology in demographic research on racial/ethnic differences: A reply to van den oord and rowe
Authors: Frank Reanne
Published: February 2007

In an article in the August 2000 issue of Demography titled “Racial Differences in Birth Health Risk: A Quantitative Genetic Approach,” van den Oord and Rowe attempted to study the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the black/white gap in infant birth weight. Their findings indicate that this difference may be explained by shared environmental influences rather than by fetal genes. Yet the authors insisted in their conclusions that a strong genetic component still must play a role in determining the racial gap in birth weight, if only through maternal effects. The incompatibility between the authors’ findings and their conclusions is due largely to a weakness in their conceptualization of the relationship between race and biology. Their insistence that racial groups represent discrete genetic entities, coupled with a failure to account for interactions between biological and environmental processes, illustrates the methodological and ethical problems that threaten future interdisciplinary research on racial/ethnic disparities in health.
Ethnic variations in observance and rationale for postpartum sexual abstinence in malawi
Authors: Zulu Eliya Msiyaphazi
Published: February 2007

Using quantitative and qualitative data from three culturally heterogeneous ethnic groups in Malawi, I show that differences in postpartum sexual abstinence are closely associated with community-specific rationales for the practice, particularly differences in the definition and timing of child-strengthening rituals that couples are required to perform before resuming intercourse. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the primary rationale for abstinence in the study areas is not linked to child spacing. Among Tumbukas in the north, most women perform the ritual immediately after resuming menstruation. Among the other ethnic groups, the rituals can be performed at any time after the end of postpartum bleeding. The study underscores the utility of the complementary micro-level approach in understanding reproductive behavior in sub-Saharan Africa.
On the validity of retrospective assessments of pregnancy intention
Authors: Joyce Ted , Kaestner Robert , Korenman Sanders
Published: February 2007

Information on pregnancy intention is often gathered retrospectively (after the birth of a child). This article investigates whether the retrospective assessment of pregnancy intention leads to biased estimates of the extent or consequences of unintended fertility. Comparisons are made between pregnancy intentions ascertained during pregnancy and after birth using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. To address the bias caused by selective recognition or acknowledgment of pregnancy, we used the longitudinal feature of the data to determine actual pregnancy status at the time of interviews, which, in turn, was used as an instrumental variable for the retrospective (versus prospective) reporting of pregnancy intention. After correction for selective pregnancy recognition, we found no evidence that the retrospective assessment of pregnancy intention produces misleading estimates of either the number or the consequences of unintended births. This finding is supported by additional analyses of a small subsample of women for whom information on pregnancy intention was collected both during pregnancy and after birth.
The effect of stepchildren on childbearing intentions and births
Authors: Stewart Susan D.
Published: February 2007

This article reports on a study of the effect of stepchildren (children from previous unions) on coupleś fertility intentions and childbearing behavior using longitudinal data from the National Survey of Families and Households. The results indicated that stepchildren negatively affect childbearing intentions and childbearing risks. Intentions to have a child are weakened by onés own previous biological children and the previous biological children of onés current spouse or partner. This effect varies by the parenting configuration of the couple and gender of the respondent. Among couples with stepchildren, intentions remain high until each partner has had a biological child. Unlike women, men’s previous biological children do not affect their intentions of having a child. Stepchildren exert a weak negative effect on coupleś childbearing risks, and this effect is mediated by the coupleś childbearing intentions. The findings suggest that stepchildren should be incorporated into future models of fertility.
Whites who say they’d flee: Who are they, and why would they leave?
Authors: Krysan Maria
Published: February 2007

Questions have been raised about whether white flight—one factor contributing to U.S. residential segregation—is driven by racial, race-associated, or neutral ethnocentric concerns. I use closed- and open-ended survey data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality to explore who says they would leave and their reasons for doing so. Thirty-eight percent of white respondents said they would leave one of the integrated neighborhoods, with Detroiters and those endorsing negative racial stereotypes especially likely to do so. When asked why they might leave, whites focused on the negative features of integrated neighborhoods. Expressions of racial prejudice were also common, but neutral ethnocentrism rare. The results of an experiment asking about integration with Asians and Latinos are also discussed.
Engendering migrant networks: The case of Mexican migration
Authors: Curran Sara R. , Rivero-Fuentes Estela
Published: February 2007

This article compares the impact of family migrant and destination-specific networks on international and internal migration. We find that migrant networks are more important for international moves than for internal moves and that female networks are more important than male networks for moves within Mexico. For moves to the United States, male migrant networks are more important for prospective male migrants than for female migrants, and female migrant networks lower the odds of male migration, but significantly increase female migration. We suggest that distinguishing the gender composition and destination content of migrant networks deepens our understanding of how cumulative causation affects patterns of Mexican migration.
Child gender and the transition to marriage
Authors: Lundberg Shelly , Rose Elaina
Published: February 2007

We estimate the effect of a child’s gender on the mother’s probability of marriage or remarriage using data from the PSID Marital History and Childbirth and Adoption History Files. We find that the birth of a son speeds the transition into marriage when the child is born before the mother’s first marriage. A competing-risks analysis shows that the positive effect of a son is stronger for marriages to the child’s biological father than for other marriages. We find no significant effect of child gender on the mother’s remarriage probabilities when the children are born within a previous marriage. These results are consistent with a marital-search model in which sons, more than daughters, increase the value of marriage relative to single parenthood.
Montanist Pepuza-Jerusalem and the Dwelling Place of Wisdom
Authors: Poirier John C
Published: February 2007

Oskar Skarsaune has suggested that Tertullian, Adv. Prax. 8.5, a
passage which other scholars have identified as a Montanist oracle,
alludes to Sirach 24. It is fascinating to note that an allusion to Sirach
24 may also hold the key to the proper understanding of the Montanist
vision recorded in Epiphanius, Haer. 49.1.2-3. When the
details of this vision are read in the light of Sirach 24, a reading
which makes a more efficient use of these details than does the
usual chiliastic reading, the message of the vision is clear: Pepuza
is the earthly dwelling place of Wisdom. Further mentions of wisdom
in Montanist testimonies suggest that the Montanists had a charismatic
understanding of wisdom: they regarded it as the prophetic unction. The
eschatological aspects of the Montanist testimonies, which are usually
regarded as central to the Montanist self-understanding, are actually
subordinate to other doctrines.
Writing and the Liturgy of Memory in Gregory of Nyssa's Life of Macrina
Authors: Krueger Derek
Published: February 2007

In the Life of Macrina, written shortly after his sister's
death in 380, Gregory of Nyssa establishes a theological context for
hagiographical composition in late fourth-century liturgical piety and
practice. Situating acts of storytelling in the struggle to manage grief,
Gregory uses remembering (anamne\sis) as a technology
for rendering the absent present. Within the text, Macrina herself
stresses that the goal of biography is "thanksgiving to God," modeling
the proper method of Christian biographical narrative. Thus Gregory's
literary production has analogues in evening prayer and the anaphora of
the divine liturgy. Reflecting on the relationship between spoken
and written words, and between logos and flesh, the Life of
Macrina posits a complex relationship between body and text, in
which Gregory's writing figures as sacrificial offering.
Romance and Renunciation at the Turn of the Fifth Century
Authors: Robins William
Published: February 2007

This essay eavesdrops upon a coded literary debate conducted among Latin ascetic writers in the closing years of the fourth and the early years of the fifth century about the viability of the mode of romance as a model for Christian biographical narratives. Three distinct positions can be discerned, each negotiating between the claims of aristocratic privilege and the ideals of an ascendant asceticism: the romance of renunciation, in Jerome's hagiography; the family romance, in Rufinus' Recognitiones and Jerome's Liber Tobiae ; and the renunciation of romance, in Sulpicius Severus' Vita Martini . To judge from the evidence of structural and lexical resemblances, the Latin Historia Apollonii Regis Tyri seems to have existed as a known literary landmark against which these Christian writers charted their own hagiographic designs.
Defining Orthodoxy in Hilary of Poitiers' Commentarium in Matthaeum
Authors: Williams D. H.
Published: February 2007

Despite the fact that Hilary had not yet heard of the Nicene creed before going into exile (356), most scholars have argued that the bishop did possess an awareness of the "Arian" disputes in the West. In answer to the question of whether the commentary underwrites this awareness, I shall demonstrate that Hilary, like the vast majority of western bishops of that time, knew nothing about these controversies such that it affected his theology and exegesis. At the same time, he does evidence concern over contemporary subordinationist interpretations of Christ whose views stemmed from a "logos-sarx" incarnational theology present throughout the West in the third and fourth centuries.
"Heavenly Man" and "Eternal Christ": Apollinarius and Gregory of Nyssa on the Personal Identity of the Savior
Authors: Daley Brian
Published: February 2007

Although the opposition of the Cappadocian Fathers,
on church-political as well as theological grounds, to Apollinarius
of Laodicaea and his followers is well known, it is more difficult to
see precisely what their objections were to his conception of Christ,
particularly since their own christologies seem, in many respects,
quite similar to his. This essay argues that Gregory of Nazianzus and
particularly Gregory of Nyssa saw in the christology of Apollinarius a
soteriology radically different from their own: while he regarded Christ's
role as savior as resting on his natural difference from our own fallen
constitution, they understood the mystery of salvation as the incipient
transformation of all humanity through the communication, by God the Word,
of divine virtue and life to a complete and normal human being united
personally to himself. This soteriological difference, in turn, had
important implications for the differing anthropologies, eschatologies,
and conceptions of God that one finds in the works of these authors.
Sub-Region Differentials in Migration and Remittances in Zimbabwe between 1988-90 and 1996-98
Authors: Ranga Dick
Published: February 2007

In Zimbabwe, while some regions are agriculturally developed others
are drought prone and poor. It is the study's argument that such
droughtprone areas are not for ever poor and under-developed. On the contrary,
when agriculture becomes impractical, people can engage in other
activities, migration and remittances being one of them. The study
employed the household questionnaire, in-depth interview and focus
group discussion to collect data and the logistic regression analytical
model to assess sub-regional differentials in the likelihood to remit to
households of origin. The results confirmed expectations that migration
and remittances are necessary in a drought-prone region and, therefore,
should be more organised.
Ariosto and Gay: Bouncing Heads
Authors: Janes Regina
Published: February 2007

John Gay owes his macabre, comic episode of Doll the decapitated appleseller in Trivia to Lodovico Ariosto’s beheading of Isabella in Orlando Furioso (definitive evidence supplied). In both poets, the bouncing, severed female head figures an ideological contradiction, for Ariosto the place of the lady within the chivalric tradition, for Gay the poet’s position between the marketplace and the classical tradition. Gay also makes more grisly Virgil’s and Ovid’s dismemberments of Orpheus. Although his antecedents are literary, Trivia and Gay’s translations of Ariosto were composed as heads fell and his friends’ heads were threatened after the Jacobite rising of 1715.
The Bosom of the Bourgeoisie: Edgeworth's Belinda
Authors: Rosenberg Jordana
Published: February 2007

Recent work in eighteenth-century
studies has been notoriously preoccupied by what seem to be striking
metaphorical resonances between economic and aesthetic 'spheres of practice,'
but, as I argue in my paper, it is the confounding of these analogies that may
be most salient. Although Edgeworth's Belinda has been frequently read as demystifying aristocratic
codes by replacing sharp sociality with good-natured bourgeois instruction, I
show that this text imagines the difference between bourgeois and gift
economies not as the substitution of humor's instructive mirth for wit's arch
conceits, but as a spectacular encounter between the two.
Henry James's Southern Mode of Imagination: Men, Women, and the Image of the South in The Bostonians
Authors: Shaheen Aaron
Published: February 2007

In addressing issues of "sectional reconciliation" between the North and South, James's The Bostonians does more than consider the changing notions of gender during the Gilded Age. The novel also meditates on how gender roles are related to a rapidly industrializing American landscape. Leaving rural Mississippi to
find work in the urban Northeast, Basil Ransom is loath to abandon his aristocratic agrarian ideals. Because agrarianism was central to nineteenth-century forms of southern selfhood, Ransom attempts to "cultivate" the young suffragette Verena Tarrant into an embodiment of the South as a means of resuscitating his own masculinity.
"How a man should meet trouble." The Master's Mediterranean Actors as Models of Self-Possession
Authors: Njegosh Tatiana Petrovich
Published: February 2007

Increasingly towards the end of the century, Henry James seems willing to contaminate Anglo-American bachelorhood and ideals of manly restraint with more expressive and emotional masculine modes of behavior. "Mediterranean" men and actors such as the Italian Tommaso Salvini and the French Benoit Constant Coquelin are presented and promoted as living models to deal with physicality, sexuality, and emotions. As men and actors, Salvini and Coquelin are able to possess their possession, enabling James to keep at bay the attraction for other and closer "primitive" men: "the barbarians of the Roman Empire" Ð "The Americans."
Hans Vaihinger and Some Recent Intentionalist Readings of Kant
Authors: Aquila Richard E.
Published: February 2007

A standard view in contemporary moral philosophy is that a naturalistic account of human nature cannot be normative because there is an unbridgeable gap between explanations of what is the case and accounts of what ought to be. However, in Hume's account of the passions, specifically the passion of pride, he offers an account of our passional life that is descriptive yet value-laden. This enables what is a naturalistic account of human nature to, in fact, be normative.
Transgovernmental Activism: Canada's Role in Promoting National Human Rights Commissions
Authors: Cardenas Sonia
Published: February 2007

National human rights commissions have proliferated around the world
in recent years. These commissions are government agencies, which are
designed to implement international human rights norms domestically. The
rise of these institutions, however, cannot be understood without
considering the international context. In particular, existing national
commissions like those of Canada have worked actively to create and
strengthen human rights commissions abroad. I refer to this process as
one of transgovernmental activism. This article explores the contours of
this activism, focusing specifically on the role played by the Canadian
Human Rights Commission. In so doing, I trace the complex partnerships
and institutional linkages that the Commission is forging both inside
and outside Canada. I then examine four major forms of technical
assistance that the Commission is providing to other national human
rights commissions: training, consultation, exchanges, and networking. I
conclude the article by drawing lessons from the Canadian experience and
identifying emerging challenges. Above all, I find that improvements need
to be made in three key areas: foreign government commitment, resource
shortages, and an evaluation deficit. Once human rights commissions are
created, international actors need to cooperate to assure that these
institutions are in fact effective.
"Freedom of Speech and John Rocker: A Window of Opportunity for High School Social Studies Teachers"
Authors: Martinson David L
Published: February 2007

Although most young people--as is the case with their elders--are
supportive of freedom of speech/press in general, the same is
not true when one considers First Amendment questions in specific
circumstances. The author suggests that popular culture examples, such as
the controversy surrounding the recent diatribe of major league pitcher
John Rocker, can assist the social studies teacher in helping students
move beyond what are, in fact, meaningless generalities. If this does not
happen, the author argues, young people--like their elders--will abandon
support for First Amendment freedoms at the slightest provocation.
The Making of Griots: One Black Filmmaker's Journey with Six Teenagers
Authors: Dowdy Joanne Kilgour , Reedus Narcel G , Anderson-Thompkins Sibby , Heim Patricia Lee
Published: February 2007

The Media Project was created to facilitate the journey of "inner city" high school students as they learned to make their first short films. Their leader chose to enlist the support of a professional cinematographer, production manager, editor, and director, to see that the final short films are of a high quality. The six teenagers experienced the project as members of an extensive social network that consisted of Nick, the video production company that sponsored the project, the community members who provided acting talent, the professionals from the film and video community, and Grant State University that provided services for the young filmmakers. Through these people and the circles of support that they represent, the students achieved success as young filmmakers who are valued and celebrated by their elders, peers and family members. The experience of the six Black filmmaking students, in the context of an African-based family system that is created and managed by a Black male filmmaker, has many important features to be noted and studied more deeply for the potential it promises as a model of instruction for other media projects involving youth.
Promoting Academic Persistence in African American and Latino High School Students: The Educational Navigation Skills Seminar in an Upward Bound Program
Authors: Caldwell Leon D , Siwatu Kamau O
Published: February 2007

A model intervention for academic persistence and motivation of African
American and Latino high school students is provided in this article. The
authors provide a theoretical and practical description of The Educational
Navigation Skills Seminar (TENSS) as a demonstration of an educational
persistence intervention. By reviewing the higher education literature
four protective factors (e.g., self-concept, alienation, realistic
self-appraisal, and help-seeking strategies) were developed into a
curriculum of navigation skills. The authors suggest that pre-college
programs should provide "affective based" educational navigation skills
to prepare African American and Latino high school students, who are
seeking to be the first in their families, to attain higher education.