bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El principio quien contamina paga en la regulación europea. El medio ambiente sometido a reglas jurídicas
Authors: Muñoz Aunión Antonio , León Silva Glorimar Alejandra
Published: December 2021

El principio quien contamina paga fue introducido por la OCDE en 1972 como uno de los principios guías relacionados con los aspectos económicos de las políticas medioambientales. También se encuentra presente en el Tratado de la Comunidad Económica Europea y a nivel internacional se consagró en la Declaración de Río de Janeiro sobre Medio ambiente y desarrollo Sostenible, y –de forma más exhaustiva- en el Convenio sobre el derecho de los usos de los cursos de agua internacionales para fines distintos de la navegación de 21 de mayo de 1997. Pero la legislación europea medioambiental se encuentra en continuo addatamento, surgiendo interrogantes respecto de este principio que ameritan respuestas basadas en la revisión de las reglas a las que se ha sometido el medio ambiente y su interpretación según la jurisprudencia emanada del Tribunal de Luxemburgo.  Así, el medio ambiente en el marco europeo es un ejemplo de transversalidad a la hora de su protección, encontrándose en un punto crítico coyuntural por su naturaleza global. Y las cosas se vuelven mucho más complicadas desde una perspectiva legal por las posibles interacciones entre el cambio climático con otros campos del derecho internacional. No obstante, el principio quien contamina paga ha sido el desencadenante de los primeros pasos hacia la creación de una teoría de la responsabilidad ambiental.
Improve Teacher Community Knowledge on Creating Instructional Video as Media Center based on Social-Network in SMPN 20 Jakarta
Authors: Arief Rifiana , Widyo Nugroho  , Solihin Erlina
Published: December 2021

Due to Covid-19 pandemic, learning activities turn into online. Online learning requires a media that can maximize the delivery of material and thus students can understand independently. Teachers should improve their ability to use information technology and creativ to create a good learning video which is worth to upload and deserves copyright recognition. The method is to provide the mentorship. Mentorship purpose is to assist teachers to produce learning videos that are suitable being uploaded on YouTube and receive recognition of the copyrighted videos. As a result of these mentorships, the participants succeed in creating a learning video with a variety of material topics which can be uploaded in Youtube and receive recognition of copyright ownership. Thereafter, the school can manage independently and continue to enrich content of school's YouTube channel and increase the number of copyright for teacher's video works.
Culpa é da China!
Authors: Quinan Rodrigo , Araujo Mayara , De Albuquerque Afonso
Published: December 2021

A pandemia de covid-19 trouxe à tona uma série de teorias da conspiração que tentam explicar a transmissão do vírus que impactou o mundo. Parte do discurso conspiratório foi direcionado à China, identificada como o “bode expiatório” responsável pelos danos causados pela doença. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender como tem sido conciliada a postura anti-China espelhada na política de Donald Trump e a dependência econômica que o Brasil tem do país. Coletamos e analisamos qualitativamente declarações sinofóbicas de representantes e ex-representantes do governo entre março e outubro de 2020. Utilizamos uma bibliografia interdisciplinar envolvendo teorias da conspiração e uma historiografia sobre o papel da China. Concluímos que a ascensão econômica da China reforça um discurso sino-conspiratório ancorado em ideologias raciais neoconservadoras.
Encontrar-se com o outro
Authors: Schmidt Mariana
Published: December 2021

Resenha do livro "Guerra cultural e retórica do ódio: crônicas de um Brasil pós-político", de João Cezar de Castro Rocha.
Farklı ekim zamanları ve katlama sürelerinin Keşişbaşı (Muscari azureum Fenzl) tohumlarında çimlenme ve farklı yetiştirme ortamlarının soğan gelişimi üzerine etkileri
Authors: YILDIRIM Özgül , ALTUN Bahadır
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma, Muscari azureum türünün tohumların çimlenmeleri üzerine farklı ekim zamanları ve katlama sürelerinin ayrıca soğan gelişimi üzerine farklı uygulamaların etkilerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tohumlar, temizlendikten sonra cam kavanoz içerisine konulmuş ve tohum ekimi ve katlamaya almak için ilk grupta 60 gün ikinci grup için ise 120 gün beklenmiştir. Her bekleme süresinin sonunda, tohum ekimleri, hemen ekim, katlamada 15, 30, 45 ve 60 gün bekledikten sonra farklı zamanlarda yapılmıştır. Soğan gelişimi üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda ise ilk grubun çimlenen tohumlarından elde edilen bitkiler saksılara saşırtılmış ve saksılar farklı ışık renklerinin (gün ışığı, gün ışığı+kırmızı, gün ışığı + mavi ve gün ışığı + mor) olduğu iklim kabinlerine konulmuştur. İkinci gruptan elde edilen tohumlar ise farklı ortamlara (torf, cocopeat, vermikülit ve perlit) ekilmiş ve kontrollü sera koşullarında besin çözeltisi verilerek ortamların soğan gelişimi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmamız sonucunda katlama ortamında 45 gün ve 60 gün kalan tohumlarda sırasıyla %32 ve %71 oranında çıkış meydana gelmiştir. Farklı yetiştirme ortamlarının soğan oluşumu üzerine etkisinin istatistiki anlamda önemli (p<1) düzeyde etkili olduğu, incelenen tüm parametrelerde en iyi ortamın besin çözeltisi uygulanmış torf ortamı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru-Guru SMAN 7 Mataram Melalui Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK)
Authors: Hikmah Nurul , Kurniati Nani , Wahyu Triutami Tabita , Lu’luilmaknun Ulfa , Novitasari Dwi
Published: December 2021

This community service activity was carried out with the aim of increasing the professionalism of senior high school teachers at SMAN 7 Mataram through Classroom Action Research (CAR). This training activity is intended for teachers at SMAN 7 Mataram. The implementation of activities is presented in a workshop approach through lectures, discussions, questions and answers, and simulations. The presentation includes material on CAR, data analysis in CAR accompanied by several examples of proposal drafts and scientific publications related to CAR. The very high motivation of the participants was seen during the implementation of community service activities, in addition to the very positive response of the participants with an enthusiasm level of 90% seen during the implementation of this community service. The level of teacher satisfaction is very high with this activity and they have high hopes that further activities will be held as assistance for CAR activities in schools and are able to produce scientific papers that are worthy of publication.
Industrial Linkage: Dynamic Equilibrium Supply Chain of Foundry Landmark Industrial Chain -- An Analysis Based on Zhejiang
Authors: Gao Chao
Published: December 2021

In the face of the impact of the epidemic on the industrial chain and supply chain, it is an inevitable requirement for industrial development to ensure the dynamic balance of the supply chain. Supply chain is the basis for the generation of industrial chain. Industrial linkage can promote the rational layout of industries. The operation mode of supply chain is the main driving force of industrial linkage. To build a dynamic and balanced supply chain, we must focus on symbolic industries and adopt measures of chain protection, chain supplement, chain creation and chain financing.
Reproductive Biology of Splendid Ponyfish Leiognathus Splendens (Cuvier, 1829) in Myeik Coastal Waters, Myanmar
Authors: Maung Khin May Chit , Minh-Thu Phan , Tun Nyo Nyo
Published: December 2021

Reproductive biology of Leiognathus splendens was studied by using the samples collected from the catches of trawl fisheries in Myeik coastal waters during January to December 2014. Spawning takes place throughout the year, with a peak during April-May and September-December. The observed length at first maturity was 9.0 cm total length in males and 8.4 cm in females. The mean gonadosomatic index was more prominently in females (2.5) than males (1.5). Sex ratio (1 male: 1.1 females) also indicates the general dominant of females over males  Fecundity varied from 6120 to 58412 eggs. Relationship of fecundity to fish length, fish weight and ovary weight showed that fecundity is more related to the gonad weight (r=0.9) than length (r=0.8) and weight of fish (r=0.7)
The game theory applied to the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Marcus Vinicius Faria de Araujo  , Luisa Jardim Faria de Araujo e Sousa  , Marina Jardim Faria de Araujo  , Antonio Henriques de Araujo Junior
Published: December 2021

The classification of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), substantiated a global crisis in public and economic health, exposing failures of governments and markets in terms of the ability to act in a corrective, preventive and, above all, predictive manner, given the appearance of exogenous factors. One of the visible consequences of the pandemic is the polarization between Economy and Health in the countries, creating a competitive environment that resembles a duopoly where each player ends up acting and making their decisions according to what the other does. This article considers this scenario by quantitatively evaluating economic results that are possible to be achieved when in a negotiation essay between ‘Economics’ and ‘Health’, using the economic theory of games. The discussion developed points out to the existence of an “optimal strategy” for both the ‘Economy’ and ‘Health’ player, capable of maximizing the expected payoff for the population. From the application of the Pareto Equilibrium combined with the Coase Theorem, there is an opportunity to eliminate market and government failures with the achievement of a ‘Social Optimum’ throughout this and eventual future pandemics.
Response to iodine supplementation in the growth and quality of Texel lamb meat
Authors: Fernández-Abella Daniel  , Bercianos Andrés  , Pacheco E David  , Irabuena Oscar  , Sterla Silvia  , Hernández-Russo Zully
Published: December 2021

Iodine deficiency determines reproductive problems especially in the production of thyroid hormone, affecting the functions that thyroidal hormones regulate, such as energy metabolism, thermoregulation, reproduction, growth, muscle and bone tissue function. Indeed a certain concentration of iodine in the diet can promote performance in production in terms of fattening and growth. The main goal of the work was the supplementation with iodine salt from weaning to work on the production and quality of carcass and meat of early lambs of the Texel breed. Three random groups were formed. In one group, iodine salt was administered daily individually, in another group salt without iodine and finally a third "control" group without salt aggregate. All these animals were fed on natural field with an energy-protein supplement. The weaning weight and its evolution (daily gain) were determined, fortnightly until the work weight (35 kg) was reached. Blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and Selenium (Se) were evaluated. In the carcass were measured the hot and cold carcass weight, pH, colour; GR point and in the meat tenderness will be determined in the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Se concentrations, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein and iodine in pastures were also determined. The results show that no significant differences were found for any of the characters measured.
Performance, blood chemistry, carcass and economic evaluation of sheep on dietary supplements of cabbage and carrot wastes
Authors: Michael Igbaekemen Okoruwa  , Emmanuel Eromosele Ikheloa  , Debola Olusegun Oshibanjo
Published: December 2021

The study was conducted to determine the effect of cabbage and carrot wastes supplementation on performance, blood chemistry, carcass and economic evaluation of sheep. Twenty four West African dwarf male sheep of about 8 – 9 months old with average initial weight of 9.00 ± 0.94kg were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with six sheep per treatment, in a completely randomized design. The sheep received 60% guinea grass and 40% concentrate diet for TD1 (control group), while 50% guinea grass and 40% concentrate diet with either 10% cabbage waste, 5% cabbage plus 5% carrot wastes or 10% carrot waste were for diets TD2, TD3 and TD4 respectively. The results showed that sheep on TD1 were significantly (p<0.05) higher in feed conversion ratio, creatinine, urea, rumen with intestine and total fixed cost. Diet TD2 was significantly (p<0.05) improved in daily weight gain, digestibility of dry matter, crude protein with fiber and nitrogen free extract, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, total protein, albumin, glucose, dressing percentage, sale of sheep, total revenue and net profit. Red blood cell, cholesterol and triglyceride were increased significantly (p<0.05) in TD3, while daily feed intake, digestibility of ash, feed cost and total variable cost were better in TD4. Meanwhile, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in initial body weight, ether extract digestibility, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, globulin and some relative organs weight among sheep on treatments. It can be concluded that inclusion level of 10% cabbage waste as supplement to 50% guinea grass and 40% concentrate diet (TD2) improved performance, health status and carcass indices of sheep with reduced cost that resulted in higher net profit.
An unusual presentation of “Mirror-Image” bilateral giant carotid cavernous aneurysms: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yao Christian Hugues Dokponou  , Mamoune El Mostarchid  , Housni Abderrahmane  , Zakaria Chandide Tlemcani  , Abad Cherif El Asri  , Miloudi Gazzaz
Published: December 2021

The almost asymptomatic “mirror-image” bilateral giant intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms are not common and its successful conservative management without further neurological complications is rarely reported. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman, admitted with a rapidly progressive headache, with no other signs or symptoms associated. The Head CT-Scan shows bilateral parasellar round hyperdense lesions and the Magnetic resonance angiography discloses bilateral giant intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms in detail. The clinical presentation of these types of lesions depends on their mass effect on the surrounding neurovascular structures. So, possibly no mass effect on any structure, then no obvious expected symptoms. A patient with these conditions and without neurological deficit should not be rushed to surgery or endovascular treatment.
Pengaruh Kecepatan Kendaraan Terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan Jalan Menggunakan Metode PCI (Pavement Condition Index)
Authors: Prayitno Eko
Published: December 2021

The pavement and pavement structure are structure consisting of one or several layers of processed materials, whose the function is to support the weight of the traffic load without causing significant damage to the construction. Pavement Condition Index (Pavement Condition Index) is the level of pavement surface condition and its size in terms of the power function that refer to the conditions and damage on the pavement surface that occurs. The Pavement Conditions Index or PCI is a numerical index that has values ​​ranging from 0 to 100 with criteria excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, very poor, and failed. The field study of this research is the road section starting from STA 310 + 000 up to 320 + 000. The assessment of road conditions according to the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), where the data was collected through field surveys. The types of damage on the ivory tip of the STA 310 + 000 - 320 + 000 are patches, crocodile cracks, holes, edge cracks, loose grains, waves and elongated cracks. Obtained pavement condition index (PCI) average is 34.6 with an assessment of the condition of road damage is bad (poor). Based on the PCI value the road is included in the periodic maintenance program.
Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Berperilaku K3 Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil Universitas Internasional Batam
Authors: Saputra Ade Jaya , Tandedi Marvin
Published: December 2021

Awareness in implementing Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is a factor that affects the number of work accidents. Awareness of K3 behavior as a preventive measure aims to reduce and even eliminate the risk of zero accidents. Such awareness can be started before entering the world of construction work. The purpose of this research is to find out the awareness of K3 behavior in the Civil Engineering study program of Batam International University. The method used in this research is by distributing questionnaires containing statements related to K3 behavior. Respondents to this study numbered 64 students of Civil Engineering UIB. Respondents who filled out questionnaires were divided into two parts, namely students in the first and second years as well as third- and fourth-year students.  The results showed the total percentage of all respondents' results reached more than 85% for K3 knowledge and awareness of K3 behavior both students first and second years or as third- and fourth-year students. Universitas Internasional Batam as one of university that nurtures the next labour in construction field has made efforts in reducing the number of occupational accidents by incorporating occupational safety and health education in curriculum and providing training with certification. The demographics of Universitas Internasional Batam students also become one of the factors that most have worked also play a role in understanding students on the importance of Occupational Safety and Health (K3) in the world of work.
Penyuluhan Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) untuk Menumbuhkan Kesadaran Pencegahan pada Masyarakat di Desa Cipacing, Jawa Barat
Authors: Herawati Erna , Sofiatin Yulia
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKTingginya angka prevalensi penyakit tidak menular (PTM) di Indonesia, termasuk di Desa Cipacing, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, belum diikuti oleh kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan; meski mereka mengetahui bahwa penyakit ini berdampak serius pada fisik dan sosial-ekonomi. Kegiatan sosialisasi mengenai pencegahan PTM ini bertujuan membangun kesadaran masyarakat pada pentingnya upaya pencegahan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui penyuluhan dan pemeriksaan tekanan darah, gula darah, asam urat, dan kolesterol bagi warga masyarakat sebagai upaya deteksi dini pada risiko PTM. Hasil deteksi dini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar warga di Desa Cipacing memiliki risiko tinggi pada PTM terutama penyakit tekanan darah tinggi. Kombinasi penyuluhan dan pemeriksaan deteksi dini berdampak positif dalam membangun kesadaran para warga untuk melakukan pencegahan. Kegiatan ini telah mendorong masyarakat untuk melanjutkan kegiatan pencegahan PTM melalui Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (Posbindu) PTM yang ada di tingkat RW.Kata Kunci: Sosialisasi, Pencegahan, Penyakit Tidak MenularCounseling on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) to Raise Awareness of Prevention in the Community in Cipacing Village, West Java          ABSTRACTThe prevalence of non communibacle diseases (NCDs) in Indonesia is considerably high, including those in Cipacing village,  Jatinangor sub-district, Sumedang District in the West Java Province. Despite this fact, there is low awareness of prevention among the villagers, eventhough they aware of the serious impact of the diseases towards their health  and social-economic status. This activity aims at build awareness among villagers towards non-communicable diseases prevention. In this activity, combination of information dissemination and NCD scrining has effectively endorsed the villagers to build their awareness of the disease and has inspired them to initiate action for prevention. The scrining result showed that most of the villagers are at high risk of NCDs, in particular hypertension. This data has successfully endorsed the villagers to establish NCD scrining and mangement in their own neighborhood through Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (Posbindu) PTM, a community-based activity of NCD prevention and management. Keywords: Information dissemination, Prevention, Non-communicable Diseases
Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Tangan Anti Bakteri Berbasis Eco Enzym dari Limbah Buah-Buahan dan Sayuran
Authors: Iswati Retno Setyo , Hubaedah Annah , Andarwulan Setiana
Published: December 2021

The behavior of washing hands with soap is an important component to break the chain of spread and transmission of the corona virus. Antiseptic hand soap that has been circulating in the market contains chemical disinfectant ingredients as a powerful component to kill various pathogenic microorganisms including the corona virus. Frequent and long-term use of hand soap will have side effects on the skin in the area of ​​use. Eco enzyme is a product in the form of a liquid from the fermentation of organic waste from vegetables and fresh fruits. The content of eco enzyme is acetic acid (H3COOH) which can kill germs, viruses and bacteria. The selection of eco enzyme as the basic ingredient for making hand soap because it utilizes organic kitchen waste from the remnants of vegetables and fruits as well as the content of eco enzyme that can kill germs, viruses and bacteria and is environmentally friendly. This activity aims to increase public knowledge about eco enzymes and create innovative products by utilizing organic waste that functions for health and is environmentally friendly. The training method used is to provide material in lectures, discussions, demonstrations and assistance in making hand soap. The participants of the activity were people from RW 10, Keputran sub-district, Tegalsari sub-district, Surabaya, totaling 20 people. Evaluation was carried out directly at the end of the activity by discussing and seeing the results of hand washing soap production. Eco-enzyme-based hand soap still requires further development, especially as an anti-covid hand soap
Las ciudades de Cervantes: corografías entre historia y ficción
Authors: Sáez Adrián J.
Published: December 2021

In the context of the Cervantine interest in history, national identity, and travels, this paper aims to offer an overview of Cervantes’s cities. More specifically, this study focuses on the descriptions of cities in his novels, which constitutes small examples of corographies with different functions and meanings, which also connects with the historiographical genre.
Motivos quijotescos y metaficción cervantina en el «Tríptico del carnaval» de Sergio Pitol
Authors: Salazar Quintana Luis Carlos
Published: December 2021

Specialised critics have dealt extensively with the influence that Mikhail Bakhtin had on Sergio Pitol through the concept of carnival. They have neglected, however, the aesthetic debt that the Mexican writer owes to Miguel de Cervantes. This kind of influence can be seen not only in the quixotic topics recreated in Pitol’s production but also in his metafictional conception. This article offers an approach to the narrative series called “Tríptico del carnaval” – perhaps the most popular by Pitol – and explains some of Cervantes’s metafictional strategies, such as the breaking of the fourth wall, autobiographical fiction, and parodic intertextuality.
Autentificando el discurso de la verdad en El casamiento engañoso y El coloquio de los perros
Authors: Zamorano Heras Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2021

In Casamiento-Coloquio, the opposition between the narrator’s discourse and the discourse of the characters plays with a minimal initial presence and a total final absence of the authorised narrator’s discourse, and with the progressive emergence of characters eager to narrate their own lives, and impose their voice over the frame story – whose power is none other than to regulate and qualify their interventions, – thus leaving them with complete freedom. By situating the enigma of the intrigue of both stories, the miracle of two talking dogs, in a fictional possible not authenticated by the authorised narrator but, paradoxically, by a shady character like the witch Cañizares, Cervantes executes the most complex and astonishing technical pirouette possible. For by means of establishing the absence of an authority in the ordering of the story (an authority from which the ever-reassuring promise of a single version emanates), he makes possible the diverse perspectives offered by the characters with their stories and, with that, he sets off the impossibility of deciding on the truth of the related events.
Integration of Unequal Units: Comparing the German and the European Unification Processes
Authors: Krossa Anne Sophie
Published: December 2021

Based on the differentiation between ‘specific’ and ‘diffuse’ support for political systems, as set out by Easton (1965), the objective of this article is to analyse the reasons for the increased discussion of conflicting interests and different identities in two integration processes: (1) the European one – Western and East Central European countries, focusing on the example of Poland; and (2) the case of Germany – East and West. It is assumed that these two cases are structured similarly and, therefore, can be compared regarding structures of centre and periphery and the differences they symbolise. This article suggests that if relations within the ‘frame of integration’ are perceived as correlating systematically with asymmetrical structures, then feelings of discontent and reactions of protest and resistance may be favoured in peripheries and can lead to exclusive forms of collective identity-construction.
Right Product, Wrong Packaging: Not 'Constitution', but 'Constitutional Charter'
Authors: Law John
Published: December 2021

The article seeks to locate the principal cause of Europe’s prevailing ratification crisis in the inappropriate title arrived at in the European Convention, Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. This over-ambitious styling led the media to characterise the text as simply an ‘EU Constitution’. Yet, the text was not a Constitution as we traditionally understand the term, i.e. the founding document of a State: scholars are agreed that the EU is not, and will not become upon ratification, a State.

In terms of substance, whilst the text certainly strengthened some emerging constitutional aspects, it was not a major departure from the status quo like the Single European Act and Treaty on European Union had been; and it remained technically a treaty like all its predecessors. Arguably, therefore, it did not require referenda to ratify. However, confusion over the scale and importance of what was proposed, stemming from ambiguity in the title, pushed politicians down this unfortunate path.

The article identifies a high level of consensus among commentators as to the true nature of the text: most are happy designating it a treaty (noun) with constitutional (adjective) aspects. The early proposed title Constitutional Treaty for Europe was arguably, therefore, the correct one; but it is now too late to choose this option, as the terms Constitution and Constitutional Treaty have already been muddled in debate. A more distinctive change is required. One idea could be to follow the principle employed elsewhere in the text of codifying the generally accepted but presently unwritten legal concepts of the European Court of Justice, as was done for example for ‘primacy’ and ‘direct effect’. The Court has characterised the EU treaties as a ‘constitutional charter’ for over twenty years now, and on this basis a modified title could read Treaty Establishing a Constitutional Charter for Europe. Importantly, the term ‘charter’ is recognised in international law to be of the order of a treaty between States.

The critical failing first time round was the mixing of concepts in the title, which misled and confused the public as to the location of Statehood and sovereignty, and secured a negative reception. It is therefore the title, not the substance of the document, that politicians should presently be seeking to correct.
The 'Political Economy of Conflicts': A Window of Opportunity for CFSP?
Authors: Weiss Moritz
Published: December 2021

The European Union (EU) is frequently criticised for lacking substantive military capabilities and thus not being able to conduct an effective security policy. The objective of this article is to challenge the underlying assumptions of this critique in light of the features of contemporary security problems and the ‘demands’ they pose to effective security policy. Firstly, the article points towards some conceptual fallacies that these assumptions tend to be based on. Secondly, it presents an exemplary empirical exploration of the EU’s emerging potential to address what has been termed the ‘Political Economy of Conflicts’. Finally, the article suggests that the distinct characteristics of today’s security challenges might indeed constitute a ‘window of opportunity’ for the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) to further evolve as a prominent actor in world politics.
Legal Research Methodologies in European Union and International Law: Research Notes (Part 2)
Authors: Hervey Tamara , Cryer Rob , Sokhi-Bulley Bal
Published: December 2021

This is the second part of a series of three 'research note' articles looking at an AHRC funded project on the various research methodologies used by European Union and International Law researchers. The first part was published in the JCER (Volume 3: Issue 2 - 2007) third part will be published in September 2008.
Diet and histomorphological study of the gastrointestinal system of melanophryniscus klappenbachi (anura: bufonidae)
Authors: Arias A. M. , Larrea D. D. , Céspedez J. A. , Quintana C. , Olea G. B.
Published: December 2021

The diet and histomorphology of the digestive tract of Melanophryniscus klappenbachi were determined by the analysis of adult and juvenile specimens collected in a private field in Bermejo department, Chaco, Argentina. The sampling was carried out monthly from March to June 2015. 29 specimens were collected, measured, sexed, and dissected for the obtainment of the digestive content and his- tological samples. The results showed a high tendency towards myrmecophagy; more than 95% of the recovered prey items were identified as ants. The histomorphology of the gastrointestinal system consisted of the main four layers of tissue observed in vertebrates: mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and serosa. This study constitutes a contribution to the knowledge of biology and the natural history of anurans of the Bufonidae family, especially the genus Melanophryniscus, which currently receives a great amount of attention regarding its con- servation status.
Densidad de alojamiento, hematocrito y relación heterófilo/linfocito en pollos parrilleros en las cuatro estaciones del año
Authors: Gallará E. A. , Menichelli M. L. , Dimasso R. J. , Revidatti A. F.
Published: December 2021

Las variaciones del entorno avícola derivadas de la densidad de alojamiento influyen sobre el bienestar animal, cuyo deterioro se refleja en distintos indicadores hemáticos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la reducción en la densidad de alojamiento sobre el hematocrito y la relación heterófilo/linfocito (H/L) en pollos parrilleros machos y hembras en las cuatro estaciones del año. Se trabajó con pollos híbridos Cobb500 en lotes mixtos, en galpones oscurecidos de ventilación forzada tipo túnel. Las densidades de alojamiento aplicadas fueron: estándar (14 pollos/m2) y reducida (12 pollos/m2). En el sacrificio a los 42 días de edad se tomaron muestras de sangre anticoagulada de 30 machos y 30 hembras de cada tratamiento, determinándose el hematocrito por el método micro y la relación H/L por el recuento de heterófilos y linfocitos mediante frotis. Los datos se evaluaron con la prueba U de Mann-Whitney en forma separada para cada sexo y estación, con la densidad como fuente de variación. El valor del hematocrito mostró diferencias significativas a favor de las hembras alojadas con densidad estándar en el invierno (estándar 32,5 vs reducida 31%; p=0,035) y una diferencia marginalmente significativa para este grupo experimental en el ensayo de primavera (estándar 31 vs reducida 30%; p=0,093). La H/L mostró diferencias marginalmente significativas en los machos con valor más alto en la densidad reducida en verano (p=0,093) y en las hembras en verano (p=0,08) y en invierno (p=0,077). Se concluye que la modificación de la densidad de alojamiento en invierno genera condiciones ambientales que derivan en un aumento del hematocrito en los pollos alojados a mayor densidad, respuesta que es más evidente en el caso de las hembras, en tanto que la disminución de la densidad produce aumentos de la H/L no compatibles con situaciones de estrés crónico.
Los búfalos en Argentina
Authors: Crudeli G. A. , Patiño E. M. , Maldonado V. P , Konrad J. L.
Published: December 2021

El búfalo fue introducido en Argentina a comienzo del siglo XX, mediante la importación de razas Mediterránea, Murrah y Jafarabadi. En la actualidad la población bubalina es de 147.785 cabezas distribuidas en 19 de las 23 provincias argentinas que componen el territorio nacional. El 88 % de la población de búfalos se encuentra en el nordeste argentino, siendo las provincias de Corrientes y Formosa las que cuentan con las mayores densidades poblacionales. Existen actualmente 1193 productores de búfalos en todo el país. Las proyecciones de población bubalina para el año 2030 alcanzan la cifra de 430.000 cabezas.
Parasitismo de Oreotrochilus leucopleurus (Trochilidae) en la Reserva Provincial de San Juan, Argentina
Authors: Castillo G. N. , Gonzalez C. J. , Acosta J. C.
Published: December 2021

El conocimiento en ectoparásitos de aves silvestres es fragmentario, a pesar de que el parasitismo en este grupo de vertebrados es omnipresente. El ácaro rojo, Dermanyssus sp, es un parásito obligado de aves silvestres y domésticas. Ocasionalmente infesta mamíferos, incluidos perros, gatos, caballos, ganados y roedores. Este género representa gran importancia en medicina veterinaria para América Latina y cuya distribución se extiende en todo el mundo.En este sentido, el objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el ectoparasitismo en el picaflor andino Oreotrochilus leucopleurus en el centro oeste de Argentina. Se determinó la presencia de ninfas de Dermanyssus sp mediante muestras obtenidas de un nido de O. leucopleurus a 3500 metros de altitud. Nuestro estudio representa el primer registro de este parásito en O. leucopleurus, contribuyendo al conocimiento del parasitismo en aves silvestres.
A Review in Sustainable Plastic Waste in Concrete
Authors: Qasim Mohammed Fadhil , Abbas Zena K , Abd Suhair Kadhem
Published: December 2021

Recently times, industrial development has increased, including plastic industries, and since plastic has a very long analytical life, it will cause environmental pollution. Therefore studies have resorted to reusing recycled plastic waste (sustainable plastic) to produce environmentally friendly concrete (green concrete). In this research, some studies were reviewed and then summarized into several things, including the percentage of plastic replacement from the aggregate and the effect of this percentage on the fresh properties of concrete, such as the workability and the effect of plastic waste on the hardening properties of concrete such as dry density, compressive, tensile and flexural strength.
Laboratory Study on the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Strength Characteristics of Jet Grouting Columns
Authors: AL-Malkee Fadhil W. , Ahmed Mahmood D.
Published: December 2021

Jet grouting is one of the most widely applied soil improvement techniques. It is suitable for most geotechnical problems, including improving bearing capacity, decreasing settlement, forming seals, and stabilizing slopes. One of the difficulties faced by designers is determining the strength and geometry of elements created using this method. Jet grouted soil-cement columns in soil are a complicated issue because they are dependent on a number of parameters such as soil type, grout and water flow rate, rotation and lifting speed of monitor, nozzle jetting force, and water to cement ratio of slurry. This paper discusses the effect of the water-cement ratio on the physical and mechanical characteristics of soilcrete. In the laboratory, sandy soil mixed with cement grout with water-cement ratio varies from (0.7:1 to 1.4:1). To evaluate the characteristics of soilcrete, 96 specimens were prepared in the laboratory and tested at different curing times. The results indicate that the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of soilcrete decreases with increasing the (W/C) ratio of the grout, where the soilcrete strength of W/C ratio of 0.7 is higher about 237% of W/C ratio of 1.4 at 28-day; the evolution of the (UCS) is proportional to the logarithm of the curing time; the ratio between the modulus of elasticity (Etg50) to the maximum UCS varies from 113 to 175; when the water-cement ratio increases, the dry density of soilcrete decreases, as a result, the (USC) of soilcrete decreases.
Controlling the Salt Wedge Intrusion in Shatt Al-Arab River by a Barrage
Authors: Ali Alaa Abdula , Al Thamiry Hayder A
Published: December 2021

Shatt Al-Arab River in Al Basrah, Iraq, has recently recorded massive levels of TDS values (Total Dissolved Solids) in the water as a result of reduced fresh water discharge from sources, causing the river to become salinized due to salt wedge intrusion. Therefore, a block dam in the south reach is required to salt intrusion prevention. The main objective of this research is to simulate the hydraulic impact of a suggested barrage in Ras Al Besha on the Shatt Al-Arab River. The HEC-RAS (5.0.7) model was used to develop a one-dimensional unsteady model to gaining an understanding of the proposed barrage's influence on river behaviour. The daily discharges of the Tigris River provided as the upstream boundary conditions, while the hourly water levels of the Shatt Al-Arab River provided as the downstream boundary conditions. The model was initially run on the basis of daily discharges in Aug 2018 and March 2020 for the model's calibration and verification. Then, a model was run with a proposed barrage, Four cases of discharge were chosen which were the low and moderate discharge that equal to (20-50-100 and 250) m3/s with adopted spring tide cycle. The operation scenarios were examined under the influence of three cases of barrage gates (fully opened, 50% open and programmed opening). The results indicate that the investigated discharges will cause a significant problems in navigation depths, especially in the case of the programming of gates opening where the stages drop range between 2.01-3.3m comparing with the normal case. Furthermore, the velocity indicators show that the significant reduction in velocity upstream the barrage led to more sedimentation in the river reach.
KELOMPOK 11_MAKALAH (ANTISIPASI RISIKO)
Authors: RAMADAENI NURFITRI
Published: December 2021

menurut silalahi, manajemen antisipasi risiko adalah sistem pengawasan risiko dan perlindungan harta benda, hak milik dan keuntungan badan usaha atau perorangan terhadap kemungkinan timbulnya kerugian karena suatu risiko.
Rangkuman syekh Yusuf almakassari
Authors: Syam Reskyani
Published: December 2021

Ringkasan ini berisi tentang filsafat dakwah syekh Yusuf Al makassari.buku ini merupakan hasil peneliti yang melatarbelakangi oleh kerisauan penulis terhadap kerisis keindonesiaan pasca reformasi.
Resume Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary
Authors: NURLINA
Published: December 2021

Resume ini berisi kajian tentang Etika Religius Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary yang perlu dikembangkan, karena pesan dakwahnya mencerminkan nilai-nilai Islam yang toleran, damai, dan jauh dari tindakan-tindakan anarkis dan teror terhadap kelompok-kelompok masyarakat lain.
PENANAMAN SIKAP TOLERANSI ANTAR SISWA BEDA AGAMA DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Wansika Ananda
Published: December 2021

Istilah toleransi berasal dari bahasa inggris, yaitu “tolerance” berarti sikap membiarkan, mengakui dan menghormati keyakinan orang lain tanpa memerlukan persetujuan. Bahasa Arab menterjemahkan dengan “tasamuh”, berarti saling mengizinkan, saling memudahkan. Toleransi dalam pergaulan hidup antar umat beragama, yang didasarkan kepada: setiap agama menjadi tanggung jawab agama itu sendiri dan mempunyai bentuk ibadat (ritual) dengan sistem dan cara tersendiri yang ditaklifkan (dibebankan) serta menjadi tanggung jawab yang pemeluknya atas dasar itu, maka toleransi dalam pergaulan hidup antar umat beragama bukanlah toleransi antar masalah-masalah keagamaan, melainkan perwujudan sikap keberagamaan pemeluk suatu agama dalam pergaulan hidup antara orang yang tidak seagama, dalam masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan atau kemaslahatan umum. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penanaman sikap toleransi antar siswa beragama di sekolah dalam menyikapi perbedaan. Serta dapat mengetahui kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan yang dilaksanakan di sekolah tersebut, dan mengetahui sejauh mana siswa-siswa yang berada di sekolah memahami makna perbedaan beragama yang ada di sekitar mereka atau lingkungan sekolah.
PERAN AQIDAH TERHADAP AKHLAK BERMASYARAKAT,BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGAR
Authors: Uyun Nurul
Published: December 2021

PERAN AQIDAH TERHADAP AKHLAK BERMASYARAKAT BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA
Resume Filsafat Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary
Authors: Putri Nur Rezki Awaliyah
Published: December 2021

Pesan dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary mencerminkan nilai-nilai islam yang damai dan toleran terhadap kelompok agama lain sehingga jauh dari kesan anarkis dan ekstrim (Ansori, 2018). Seminar ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kekayaan metode dan pesan dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassari yang moderat, damai dan toleran terhadap pemeluk agama lainnya seta memberi kesempatan yang sama pada setiap ras dan suku bangsa.
KHAT NASKHI'S WRITING AND ARTISTIC TECHNIQUES IN CALLIGRAPHY LEARNING
Authors: Laubaha Siti Aliyya , Umar Zikra M. , ibnuanengo
Published: December 2021

The research examines the procedures for writing khat naskhi and the beauty of writing in calligraphy learning. This research is library research, the data collected is based on a critical and in-depth assessment of the relevant library materials. Primary data sources are Mushaf, calligraphy books, rasm, khat and imla. Data collection techniques are carried out by; read, recording, identifying, tabulating, analyze and conclude. The results of this study indicate that the technique of writing khat naskhi is very easy for beginners, because it has a simple cursive geometric shape, and does not highlight variations other than letters and diacritical marks. This type of khat is also very familiar to use in writing manuscripts so that it is in great demand by Arabs and non-Arabs because its shape can be distinguished by several signs, namely, the writing is easy to read, has a horizontal line reference, has simple punctuation marks and has four styles, namely: 1) Tarsif, 2) Ta'lif, 3) Tastir and 4) Tanshil.
PROBLEMATIKA AQIDAH DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Lia Nur
Published: December 2021

PROBLEMATIKA AQIDAH DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Resume filsafat dakwah Syaikh Yusuf al makassary
Authors: anugrah Khaerul
Published: December 2021

Sejarah Syaikh Yusuf tidak terlepas dari sejarah suku Bugis- Makassar Sulawesi Selatan. Di antara sumber-sumber penelitian tentang kehidupan suku Bugis-Makassar adalah pertama, Lontara atau Lontarak, yakni kitab bacaan yang merupakan rekaman masa lalu Sulawesi Selatan.1 Kedua, La Galigo atau I La Galigo, yakni karya sastra Bugis yang disebut-sebut sebagai karya sastra terbesar tahun 1860 oleh bangsawan Bugis dari Tanate bernama Collipujie Arung Pancana Toa Datu Tanate.2 Ketiga, arsip-arsip atau naskah yang ditulis oleh sarjana asing atau sebagai arsip-arsip kolonial yang walaupun masih menimbulkan banyak polemik.3Istilah Lontara atau dalam bahasa Makassar Lontarakmerujuk pada beberapa pengertian, yaitu: abjad atau huruf, cerita atau bacaan, sejenis pohon dan lain-lain yang semuanya menjadi lambang identitas suku Bugis, Makassar, termasuk Mandar.4 Sedangkan La Galigo merupakan naskah kuno yang menceritakan keadaan atau sejarah Sulawesi Selatan sebelum masuknya Islam. La Galigo sendiri menurut Soebadio.5 merupakan peninggalan budaya yang telah diakui mempunyai kepentingan besar sekali guna memahami pikiran yang meskipun berbau mitologi dan berupa masa yang sudah lampau namun konteksnya masih berlaku dan menjadi dasar yang sangat penting untuk memahami sendi- sendi perwatakan suku di Sulawesi Selatan.
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA
Authors: Lia Nur
Published: December 2021

MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA
RINGKASAN FILSAFAT DAKWAH SYAIKH YUSUF AL-MAKASSARY
Authors: Rahmi
Published: December 2021

Penulisan ringkasan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biografi singkat Syaikh Yusuf mulai dari kelahiran, pendidikan, hingga kepribadian Syaikh Yusuf dan guru-guru Nya. Penulisan ringkasan ini juga menjelaskan tentang karya Syaikh Yusuf, dan tokoh-tokoh yang berpengaruh terhadap karya Syaikh Yusuf. Selain membahas tentang biografi dan karya Syaikh Yusuf, dalam ringkasan ini juga memuat basis pemikiran Syaikh Yusuf, universalisme pesan etis dalam karya Syaikh Yusuf, serta refleksi teoretis etika religius Syaikh Yusuf. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai pokok-pokok bahasan dalam buku ini, maka dibuatlah ringkasan yang memudahkan bagi para pembaca.
Filsafat Dakwah Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassary
Authors: Inaya Sausan
Published: December 2021

Penulisan ringkasan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biografi singkat Syaikh Yusuf mulai dari kelahiran, pendidikan, hingga kepribadian Syaikh Yusuf dan guru-guru Nya. Penulisan ringkasan ini juga menjelaskan tentang karya Syaikh Yusuf, dan tokoh-tokoh yang berpengaruh terhadap karya Syaikh Yusuf. Selain membahas tentang biografi dan karya Syaikh Yusuf, dalam ringkasan ini juga memuat basis pemikiran Syaikh Yusuf, universalisme pesan etis dalam karya Syaikh Yusuf, serta refleksi teoretis etika religius Syaikh Yusuf. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai pokok-pokok bahasan dalam buku ini, maka dibuatlah ringkasan yang memudahkan bagi para pembaca.
Rangkuman sejarah dakwah syekh yusuf
Authors: azkyaunnisa putri lini
Published: December 2021

Rangkuman ini berisi tentang sejarah singkat SYEKH YUSUF AL-MAKASSARI, mulai dari kelahiran, pendidikan dan sejarah dakwah beliau.
PERAN,FUNGSI,DAN URGENSI AKIDAH DALAM PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: AWALIA RESKI , WINDAYANI MISRA , WARDIANA IMA
Published: December 2021

Makalah ini membahas tentang peran,fungsi dan urgensi akidah terhadadap perkembangan ekonomi syariah.Dimana akidah ini sangat berpengaruh dalam kegiatan ekonomi syariah.
Health Misinformation
Authors: Nan Xiaoli , Wang Yuan , Thier Kathryn
Published: December 2021

Research on health misinformation has grown rapidly as concerns about the potential harmful effects of health misinformation on individuals and society intensify amid a “post-truth” era. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview of current research and evidence concerning the many facets of health misinformation, including its sources, prevalence, characteristics (both content and diffusion features), impact, and mitigation. We conclude that health misinformation originates from many sources, most notably mass and social media; is fairly prevalent, both ininterpersonal and mediated settings; and tends to feature negative sentiments, anecdotal evidence, and anti-science narratives. Although there is no conclusive evidence that health misinformation spreads more broadly than scientific information, health misinformation reliably leads to misperceptions on health issues. Efforts to mitigate the impact of health misinformation show early promise in correcting misperceptions. We offer several directions for future research.
Kewajiban Negara Terhadap Pemberian Jaminan Kesehatan Untuk Masyarakat
Authors: MAFTUKH MUHAMMAD
Published: December 2021

Kewajiban merupakan sesuatu yang wajib dilaksanakan. Jika tidak dilakukan maka akan mendapatkan hukuman. Program jamkesmas adalah setiap orang miskin dan tidak mampu yang selanjutnya disebut dengan peserta JAMKESMAS, yang terdaftar dan memiliki kartu dan berhak untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan dari pemerintah. Sasaran jamkesmas disetiap kabupaten/kota belum dianggap sah apabila Bupati/walikota belum menetapkan peserta jamkesmas Kabupaten/Kota dalam satuan jiwa berisi nomor, nama dan alamat peserta dengan bentuk keputusan Bupati/Walikota.