bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Class, Embodiment, and Becoming in British Working-Class Fiction: Rereading Barry Hines and Ron Berry with Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Alcalá Roberto del Valle
Published: April 2016

This essay offers a new reading of two post-war working-class British novels, Barry Hines’s A Kestrel for a Knave and Ron Berry’s So Long, Hector Bebb , in light of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s ideas about the body and subjectivity. What is at stake in these narratives, as in the theoretical edifice constructed by Deleuze and Guattari, is a possibility of being—in this case, of social, class-marked being—that does not necessarily commence and conclude with fixed positions and functional roles, or with already formed subjectivities and identities. The class figures that we encounter in these novels call for a careful reappraisal of political agency outside of these sanctioned parameters, and for an alternative understanding of marginality in a context of crisis of Fordist social and productive relations.
Disappearing Byzantine Heritage: The Case of the Medieval Church at Boiana
Authors: Schroeder Rossitza B.
Published: April 2016

The Church of Saints Nicholas and Panteleemon in the Sofia suburb of Boiana, one of the best-known medieval monuments in Bulgaria, has been the subject of shifting interpretations reflecting the politics of heritage. The church’s thirteenth-century frescoes have been utilized in the discourse of Bulgarian political elites since the rise of the Bulgarian nation state in the late nineteenth century. This article reviews that discursive history and ties the most recent interpretations of the monument to forces of globalization and to Bulgaria’s recent entry in the supranational European Union. Considering discussions of the relative adherence of the church’s architecture and monumental fresco program to Byzantine models in the context of the complex attitudes towards Hellenism in present-day Bulgaria, this article outlines possible reasons why the frescoes at Boiana have been seen as the unique product of a native Bulgarian genius rather than of a multilingual and probably multiethnic team of artists who were familiar with and painted in the highly prestigious Byzantine visual koine.
Kaśmir to Prussia, Round Trip: Monistic Śaivism and Hegel
Authors: Fritzman J. M. , Ann Lowenstein Sarah , Nelson Meredith Margaret
Published: April 2016

Abstract: This article elucidates monistic Kaśmiri Śaivism through comparisons to contemporary science. It shows that Śaivism can be set on a trajectory toward Hegel. While Śaivism reaches Prussia, the resources to articulate Hegel’s Absolute are in Kaśmir.
Painting Their Past: The Geração Foun , Street Art and Representing Notions of “East Timorese-ness”
Authors: Arthur Catherine
Published: April 2016

Of the challenges confronting the nation-building project in Timor-Leste, the “generation gap” is one of the most important. The history of Timor-Leste, characterized by foreign occupations by both Portugal and Indonesia, has produced an emerging national identity founded on the concept of suffering in the name of national self-determination. Official state narratives that outline a national identity based on the recent struggle for independence have privileged the generation of East Timorese whose members led the resistance movement against the Indonesian occupation. This emphasis has not only overlooked youth involvement in the liberation struggle, but it has also estranged the younger generation of East Timorese from the nation-state. The examination of street art, the medium most accessible to members of Timor-Leste’s Geração Foun , or “new generation”, permits exploration of the ways that they identify with official notions of an emerging national identity.
“The Jew That Shakespeare Drew, at Least in Outlines”: Renderings of a Yiddish-Speaking Shylock in New York, circa 1900
Authors: Kinsley Elisabeth H.
Published: April 2016

In 1903 Yiddish-theatre star Jacob P. Adler appeared for the first time on Broadway as Shylock in The Merchant of Venice , delivering his lines in Yiddish amid an otherwise English-speaking cast. Although polyglot stage collaborations with European celebrities were relatively common in the United states at the turn of the twentieth century, the combination of a local Yiddish-speaking actor with an English-speaking support was newsworthy for New Yorkers. indeed, Adler’s performance for a so-called American audience in a leading American theatre drew much attention in a city where record numbers of Eastern and Southern European immigrants had recently settled, and where this immigration surge had unsettled public perceptions of national identity. This essay analyzes Adler’s case from four alternative angles, each of which uniquely characterizes the production’s social meaning for particular audiences. Collectively, the four readings show how Adler’s portrayal of Shylock at once embraced and challenged dominant cultural and social categories, and therein altered them. On one level, the essay’s analysis offers alternative historical readings of Adler to build on existing studies of Yiddish theatre, as well as on studies of how different groups of Americans used Shakespeare to express, circumscribe, and reshape national belonging at the turn of the twentieth century. More broadly, however, it makes the methodologically grounded case that theatre histories are rhetorical; that is, they shape-shift depending on how we frame and contextualize, and in so doing make meaning of, archival materials.
Impersonating the Law: The Dramaturgy of Legal Action in the York Corpus Christi Pageant and John Bale’s Three Laws
Authors: Kastleman Rebecca
Published: April 2016

As the theatre and the law emerged as separate institutions with distinct discursive practices in early modern England, the efficacy of law was understood to be dependent on the extent to which “legal action” could be distinguished from “dramatic action.” existing scholarship has shown how dramatists of this period responded to a legal discourse evolving outside the theatre, but it has not yet demonstrated how representations of the law on early modern stages also arose from the nuanced accounts of law that were already developing in late medieval and Henrician performance. this theatre, the essay argues, generated its own institutional history of legal thinking, revealing that theatrical representations of law abide by their own attendant “laws” of dramaturgy. Here, the essay examines the strategies for describing legal action at work in the trial plays of the York corpus christi Pageant and in John bale’s Three Laws . in these plays, representations of the law rely upon the manner of law’s impersonation in the theatre—the process through which the abstraction of “the law” is instantiated in and revealed through particular figures endowed with the capacity for legal action—in order to supply an account of the efficacy of the law and the agency of its human representatives. in the trial plays of the York cycle dramatic action in the theatre is shown to confirm and legitimate legal action; in Three Laws , by contrast, bale attempts to discretize legal and dramatic action, yet cannot achieve this separation without diminishing the potency of his representations of the law. the dramaturgical dilemmas confronted by these dramatists reveal their understanding that legal action is inevitably subtended by the conventions of the theatre.
Changing Representations of Women in the Cinema of Diane Kurys
Authors: Tarr Carrie
Published: April 2016

This article examines a change in the representation of women in Kurys's early films, Diabolo Menthe and Coup de foudre when compared to her recent Après l'amour and A La folie . It argues that whereas Kurys's early films privileged female bonding and rebellion, her more recent work positions her female protagonists more ambiguously as being divided, solipsistic and out of touch with the everyday realities of life for ordinary women, thus alienating the female audiences who originally found Kurys's work so enjoyable.
Bearing Witness in Robert Antelme's L'Espèce humaine and Marguerite Duras's La Douleur
Authors: Gorarra Claire
Published: April 2016

This article discusses differing representations of the war years in two texts by Duras and Antelme within the context of the changing construction of literary memories of the Second World War against the backdrop of historical, political and cultural testimonial imperatives.
La Femme et l'espace dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Simone Schwarz Bart
Authors: Le Marinel Jacques
Published: April 2016

Cet article explore la qûete d 'un espace identitaire chez laprotagoniste de Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle et la recherche des origines dans Ti-Jean L'horizon de Simone Schwarz-Bart.
Doux-amer de Claire Martin: l'espace de l'écriture
Authors: Koski Raija H.
Published: April 2016

Une structure spatiale signifiante basée sur une dialectique fondamentale entre le masculin et leféminin se dégage du roman de Martin. L 'espace sémantique engendré autour de l'espace physique de l'appartement de Gabrielle Lubin, romancière, se transforme selon les rapports de forces qui s'installent dans cet espace, rapports déterminés par l'inclusion ou l'exclusion de l'homme. Le roman problématise ainsi le lieu de l'écriture et le statut du sujet-écrivant.
Représentations de femmes d'intérieur dans Un Coeur Simple de Gustave Flaubert
Authors: Le Juez Brigitte
Published: April 2016

Le conte de Flambert, Un coeur simple , par ses références artistiques aux thémes orientalistes de son épogue, présente la condition de la femme occidentale dans réclusion et son exclusion.
Of Dreams and Assassins: New Women's Voices in Contemporary Algerian Writing
Authors: Ireland Susan
Published: April 2016

This essay examines the fictional and autobiographical texts of a new generation of women who are writing about post-independence Algeria and who are examining the effects of the current political crisis, especially its consequences for women. Overtly political and gendered in nature, their work denounces the present violence, opposes the Family Code, and calls for democracy and equal rights for women.
La Mort de Francis Sancher, ou l'adieu aux armes de Maryse Condé dans Traversée de la mangrove
Authors: Bozon-Scalzitti Yvette
Published: April 2016

La mort de Francis Sancher, le héros décu, déchu, et pourtant messianique de Traversée de la mangrove , invite à lire le roman de Maryse Condé comme une réécriture à la fois sympathique et critique du roman engagé, la compassion remplaçant la violence et le poète le guerrier, tandis que l'espoir utopique de la révolution se déplace du politique au psychologique, du collectif à l'individuel, du masculin au féminin. Plutôt que de conduire à la neutralité indifférente du désengagement, la mort de Francis Sancher offre l'issue d'un dégagement vital, hors de l'obsession paralysante du passé colonial. L'auteur cependant ne livre jamais le sens en clair. Elle en indique seulement la trace, ramifiée en un réseau complexe de renvois intra- et inter-textuels qui tiennent le lecteur en éveil, sans l'éblouir par un vain formalisme. Le personnage du héros étant à la fois historique et livresque, sa disparition affecte tous les niveaux du roman.
Royal Expectations: Gendered Visions of Bourbon Brides (1680-1773)
Authors: Baxter Douglas Clark
Published: April 2016

This article analyses 25 harangues or compliments printed in the Mercure de France in the 17th and 18th centuries, upon the occasion of the marriage of foreign princesses to the royal family. The speeches reveal a ritualized pattern of male discourse in which orators used the language of an idealized aristocracy (blood, destiny, virtue, glory, and heroes) to communicate society's deeper values and indicate acceptance of the dominant political system. The speeches were ceremonial acts that reaffirmed relationships of power and submission by elites to an absolute monarchy. Foreign princesses per se played only a secondary role in these ceremonies, although the speeches eulogized the princesses not only for feminine virtue, but also that of the femme forte . Princesses were attributed the character of majesty without a recognized political role. Their function was the produce male progeny to ensure the welfare of the kingdom and the happiness of their subjects.
Parité as a mobilizing myth in the French feminist movement
Authors: Freedman Jane
Published: April 2016

This article will examine the arguments for and against the introduction of the gender parity in the French political system. I will argue that whilst the idea of parity introduces a new, gender-conscious equality into political ideology, it is hard to avoid a more dangerous differentialism.
Madame du Deffand ou l'amitié par correspondance
Authors: Mallet Nicole
Published: April 2016

Le cas de madame du Deffand est un avatar original de la polyésmie foisonnante du concept d'amitié. Ce témoigagne passe par le prisme d'une correspondance étalée sur près d'un demi-siècle. Le but de cet essai est d'en examiner la singularité en prenant en compte la problématique de l'épistolaire, le contexte socio-historique et les données psychologiques qui présient à l'élaboration de son écriture.
Divided Selves: The Language of the Body in Assia Djebar's L'amour, la fantasia and Marie Cardinal's Les mots pour le dire
Authors: Corbin Laurie
Published: April 2016

A comparison of L'Amour, la fantasia by Assia Djebar and Les mots pour le dire by Marie Cardinal shows the impact of the Algerian war for independence on the lives of these two women. Although their heritage places them on different sides of the conflict—Marie Cardinal's family belongs to the French settlers who regard Algeria as their homeland and Assia Djebar is Arab and Berber—they both find themselves divided between the French and Algerian cultures. These divisions are often expressed in these two autobiographical texts with images of a fragmented female body showing not only the political oppression and cultural dominance of Algeria by France but also the subjugation of women in both ofthese cultures.
Female Impersonation and Male Desire in Tahar Ben Jelloun's L'Enfant de sable
Authors: Taylor Laurel
Published: April 2016

Luce Irigaray outlines in Speculum de I 'autre femme that the quintessential definition of woman is that she is the inferior, incomplete version of man. She is the subject of desire, but never a legitimate speaking subject. Female impersonation is a means for men to further appropriate the female body by creating the perfect woman that can never exist—the object of the desire felt by the man impersonating her. In this article, female impersonation by a flagrantly unfeminine man in L'Enfant de sable is analyzed as an example of this situation.
Une Femme face à la Réforme: le cas de Marie Dentière
Authors: Charnley Joy
Published: April 2016

This article briefly discusses the life of Marie Dentière (or d'Ennetières) and the contribution which she made to the Reformation in Switzerland. It looks at some of the claims which were made about her by male writers and which, it seems, were often aimed primarily at discrediting her and her achievements.
De la Performance au performatif ou comment "la femme de papier" devient une femme donjuanesque
Authors: Joseph Sandrina
Published: April 2016

Ce essai explore les jalons qui mènent l'héroïne du roman érotique de Françoise Rey, La Femme de papier , de la séparation amoureuse à l'écriture. Il s'agit d'étudier le passage de la performance du corps (l'acte érotique) au performatif du langage (l'acte d'écriture) par le biais de théories performatives et féministes, pour mettre au jour un sujet jouissant chez la femme de papier qui, une fois séparée de son amant, devient femme de langage. L'amant, qui désire engendrer la jouissance par le biais des corps, est pourtant celui qui, à son corps défendant, initie la femme de papier au pouvoir des mots, ouvrant un espace langagier duquel il s'échappe en quittant la scène amoureuse, laissant à sa maîtresse un désir impérieux des mots, de l'écriture. L'échec amoureux permet ici la découverte d'une femme nouvelle, donjuanesque, qui pour survivre à la douleur de la perte, écrit, forte d'un pouvoir langagier qui fait acte et fait jouir plus sûrement que le corps.
Subversive Politics in Rousseau's La Nouvelle Héloïse : Gender, Sex and the Marginalized "Feminist" Voice in Claire's Missives
Authors: Arenberg Nancy
Published: April 2016

Although Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse is renown for its popular love story, there are other fascinating relationships such as Julie and Claire's intense friendship. By studying some of Claire's most illuminating missives, this article will show that Rousseau portrays her as an outspoken woman, one who espouses some subversive views on marriage, friendship and family. The second part of the essay will consider her affinity for Julie, which reveals another form of resistance to the patriarchal order of society.
Women Performing Music: Staging a Social Protest
Authors: Boon Tili
Published: April 2016

Women's musical contributions have, throughout history, consistently been either downplayed or forgotten. The widespread cultural conviction that a woman's musical sensibility is inherently immoral became particularly problematic in late eighteenth-century France. The role ofmusic in Isabelle de Charrière's Caliste and Germaine de Staël's Corinne has been similarly downplayed. I foreground the textual evidence that these authors were aware that music, of all the arts, posed a particular problem for women. By creating the first musical and moral heroines in French literature, Charrière and Staël forge a positive role model for women who seek to enter musical fields. By downplaying the heroines' musical talents, we significantly detract from the efficacy of the authors' social critique.
Marie Lenéru and the Theater of Ideas
Authors: Beach Cecilia
Published: April 2016

This essay focuses on the theater of Marie Lenéru (1874-1918), a forgotten woman playwright of the twentieth century. After an introduction on the many obstacles facing women who wished to write for the stage in the first half of the century, the study shows how Lenéru overcame those barriers. Lenéru wrote plays of ideas, a type of socially conscious theater, in which she explored themes such as divorce, pacifism and the role of the intellectual woman. Her plays were directed by André Antoine, performed at the Comédie-Française, and acclaimed by such authors and theater critics as Catulle Mendès, Rachilde and Léon Blum. Beach discusses three of Lenéru's plays: Les Affranchis, La Maison sur le Roc , and La Triomphatrice .
La Représentation de la femme dans le cinéma français des vingt dernières années: Sans Toit ni loi, Nelly et M. Arnaud, La Cérémonie
Authors: Gural-Migdal Anna
Published: April 2016

Cinéaste femme, Varda amorce avec Sans Toit ni loi (1985) une nouvelle tendance du cinéma français: mettre l'accent sur des personnages féminin ne servant plus de faire valoir aux hommes, mais qui existent par eux-mêmes.Elle sera suivie par Claude Sautet avec Nelly et M. Arnaud (1995) et Claude Chabrol avec La Cérémonie (1995). Prenant pour point de départ l'ouvrage de Gilles Lipovetsky, La Troisième Femme. Permanence et révolution du féminin , il s'agit de cerner dans ces films la nouvelle figure sociale-historique de la femme, tout en faisant valoir l'idée d'une invariance du féminin. On constate que la femme, partagée entre un désir d'émancipation et une persistance du féminin, est caractérisée par la différence, le refus, résultat de ce qu'elle ne veut pas être. A ce titre, le cinéma français des vingt dernières années emploie la figure de la femme comme l'expression d'une remise en question des concepts fixes et des oppositions binaires. La femme apparaît comme le reflet de son époque: une post-modernité caractérisée par l'indétermination et l'immanence.
La Dénomination humaine chez quelques écrivaines féministes en France, au Québec, au Maghreb : androcentrisme ou parité ?
Authors: Khaznadar Edwige
Published: April 2016

En français, la dénomination de la femme au féminin, qui assure sa visibilité sociale dans les médias écrits, est une conquête des féministes dans le dernier quart du XX e siècle. Elle reste encore mal assurée, spécialement en France, principalement à cause de l'usage toujours dominant du masculin générique. Un rappel de l'essentiel des règles linguistiques qui commandent l'emploi du masculin et du féminin permet d'analyser l'usage qu'adoptent en fait plusieurs écrivaines féministes, deux membres de WIF y comprises. Le but de l'étude est la prise de conscience de nos propres habitudes langagières, de leur dépendance ou indépendance à l'égard de l'unilatéralité masculine, afin de faciliter à tout un chacune la clarification de son discours sur l'humanité.
Zénon, sorcier avorteur, sorcier créateur, ou le double inversé de Marguerite Yourcenar
Authors: Chehab May
Published: April 2016

Zénon, le personnage masculin principal de L'Œuvre au Noir de Marguerite Yourcenar, est un médecin atypique qui fonctionne comme correctif idéologique de la chasse aux sorcières de la Renaissance. Relayant dans l'œuvre, par « ventriloquie », la voix yourcenarienne, il permet de nouveaux enfantements : celui de Yourcenar qui écrit une histoire compensatoire de sa naissance, celui de l'œuvre en train de s'écrire et celui d'une écriture de femme.
Cixous and the Un/forgettable Child
Authors: Fisher Claudine G.
Published: April 2016

In the fictional texts Neutre (1972) and Le Jour où je n'étais pas là (2000), Hélène Cixous weaves the tapestry of a woman's life faced with the difficulties of motherhood after the birth of a Trisomy 21 child and his subsequent death. By pulling together birth/death, forgotten/unforgettable, revealed/hidden, Cixous transforms the protagonist's ambivalent feelings into a positive struggle of the wise woman and the mid-wife (femme sage and sage-femme.) Both books, written twenty-eight years apart, stand as a study in contrast but respond to each other, illuminating Cixous' autobiographical path and the crucial link of the book as redemptive judge.
'La Femme moderne, c'est moi ; la femme traditionnelle, c'est aussi moi' : Entretien avec Ken Bugul
Authors: Garane Jeanne
Published: April 2016

Dans cet entretien, l'écrivaine sénégalaise Ken Bugul parle de toute son œuvre littéraire et répond aux questions concernant le débat autour de son livre autobiographique, Riwan, ou le chemin de sable , dans lequel la narratrice raconte comment elle devient la vingt-neuvième épouse d'un chef religieux musulman.
Un Air de famille : Tragi-comédie des sexes et androgynie
Authors: Guyot-Bender Martine
Published: April 2016

Bien que la législation semble avoir réglé un certain nombre d'inégalités sociales entre hommes et femmes, les mentalités continuent à perpétuer un sexisme latent qui est source d'anxiété. Un Air de famille de Cédric Klapisch (1996) utilise le microcosme du repas de famille pour mettre en évidence le fossé qui existe encore entre hommes et femmes dans les comportements quotidiens. Cependant, loin de placer le blâme sur les hommes, le film démontre que hommes et femmes sont responsables de cet état de fait, et que seule une certaine dose d'androgynie — par rapport aux comportements stéréotypés entre hommes et femmes — peut réussir à apaiser les tensions entre les deux sexes.
Ourika in Black and White: Textual and Visual Interplay
Authors: De Raedt Thérèse
Published: April 2016

Although a bestseller after its publication in 1823, Mme de Duras's novel, Ourika , was subsequently forgotten by French literary canons. It recently enjoyed a new popularity and is increasingly studied. In this article, the interplay of Mme de Duras' text and various artistic representations is analyzed with an emphasis on its protagonist's racial coding. First, the nineteenth-century corpus of images depicting the eponymous character Ourika is examined. Through a descriptive and thematic analysis informed by theory on the process of illustration as translation, I study how characters and plot are rendered as visual images. Then, more recent images of Ourika as they appear on book covers are read as propagating ideas and values of the late twentieth century, which also contributed to the revival of Mme de Duras's text. I show how the politics of representation and publication issues intersect and how, despite changes in the socio-political and cultural contexts of the last two centuries, the representation of Ourika as captive remains in the text/image relationship.
(Trans)Mutations : Alchemy as undercurrent in Hélène Cixous's Le jour où je n'étais pas là
Authors: Mann-Morlet C.D.
Published: April 2016

"À la place de l'écriture: mon fils, le commandant fantôme de l'écriture ." Taking the phantom of her first-born son, a Down's syndrome child and his phantom writing as the premise of her autobiographical fiction, Le jour où je n'étais pas là , Hélène Cixous prepares the reader for an uncanny and turbulent journey. The underlying force of the narration is found in the "absent presence" of this child, who in his absence (in life and in death) haunts the narrator and the text itself. This "absent presence," as well as, the opposed "present absence," echoes the central endeavor of the ancient hermetic science of Alchemy, which is to render what is invisible visible and vice versa. Indeed the tenets of alchemy prove to be an ideal theoretical framework through which to follow the phantom text. This article, then, proposes a reading of the autobiographical fiction through the lens of alchemical doctrines and by doing so, echoes the work of the alchemists in attempting to reveal the intangible—the phantom writing—within the tangible. The essential concept of "transmutation" as it collides with that of "mutation," in all its senses, is revealed not only as a dominant theme of the text, but describes the very processes of Cixousian production.
Arranged Marriages and Marriage Arrangements in Eighteenth-Century French Novels by Women
Authors: Thomas Ruth P.
Published: April 2016

Although traditional marriage, arranged among families for the transmission of property, economic advantages and social considerations, was the norm for the France of the Old Regime, it was increasingly called into question in the eighteenth century. Authors like Diderot, Rousseau and Voltaire criticized arranged marriages as contrary to individual freedom and the right to happiness and insisted upon the importance ofchoice. Their works, however, are ambiguous and offer mitigated messages. Women writers also took up the cause of marital reform in a more direct fashion than their male counterparts. In this essay I consider the theme of arranged marriages and their inevitably negative consequences in four women's novels: Riccoboni's Lettres de Mme de Sancerre , Charrière's Caliste , Cottin's Clair d'Albe and Souza's Adèle de Sénange . These writers focus on the incompabilities of arranged marriages which from the outset preclude intimacy and destroy companionship and communication, and show the accommodations that men and women are obliged to make when marriage is imposed upon them. Arranged marriages become little more than marriage arrangements and have wideranging effects on society as a whole.
Models of Authority in the Rose , Machaut, and Christine de Pizan: A Feminine Recasting of " songe/mensonge " in Le Dit de la Pastoure
Authors: Smith Geri L.
Published: April 2016

Throughout the late Middle Ages, allusions to the Roman de la Rose take the form of direct citation, sidelong glances, and recall of narrative structures and thematic paradigms. So well known was this work that even a small detail incorporated in a text can be a signal to cast our gaze back toward the Rose , setting in motion a range of interpretive possibilities and intertextual resonances. This study will examine just such a detail, namely two specific instances of the rhyme pair " songe/mensonge " (dream/lie)—one in Guillaume de Machaut's 1360 Fontaine amoureuse and the other in Christine de Pizan's 1403 Dit de la Pastoure —against the backdrop of its role in the opening of the Rose . The coincidence of this provocative rhyme pair, in both cases occurring in the context of an allusion to the myth of Paris and in both cases couched in the thematics of dreams and authority, touches upon larger questions about gender and truth. Christine diverges from the Rose model in ways Machaut does not, and here as elsewhere throughout her works, Christine's gender-based recasting of narrative structures and discursive modes results in a new kind of statement about truth, creation, and feminine authority.
Shifting Pictures of Class, Gender, and Self in Mademoiselle de Montpensier's "Portrait de Monsieur de Brais"
Authors: Theobald Catherine J. Lewis
Published: April 2016

Largely overlooked in scholarly discourse devoted to the popular portrait mondain of the seventeenth century, Mademoiselle de Montpensier's " Portrait de Monsieur de Brais " both nuances and challenges the idealized picture of nobility projected by the Divers portraits (1659), the volume in which it first appeared. The social and sexual stakes of this written description of Mademoiselle's head groom encourage us to recognize the portrait book as much more than a mere salon game. Assuming the voice and "body" of her non-noble male servant via a false self-portrait, Mademoiselle performs the transgressions suggested in other period depictions of her. The text thus presents layers of trompe-l'œil that function as a locus for a trans-gendered noble identity—the persona of "La Grande Mademoiselle." A consideration of that hybridized figure further illuminates the complex presence-absence dynamic of the portrait. Moreover, this exploration of gender and authorship in the Divers portraits nuances our understanding of both the functions of seventeenth-century salon portraiture and the methods of identity-making strategies via text and image.
A (Mis)Translation of Politics: From L'Evénement to Happening
Authors: Jellenik Cathy
Published: April 2016

Literary translation, like literature itself, has been theorized as a political act that embodies the political ideologies of either the translator or the receiving culture. Happening , Tanya Leslie's translation of Annie Ernaux's L'Evénement , proves to be no exception. Echoing the substance of L'Evénement, Happening stages a young woman's search for a means to abort in 1963. Instead of reproducing Ernaux's indictment of the Bourdieusian dominant society put on trial in L'Evénement , however, Leslie's translation condemns the narrator, Annie, and by extension, the female gender. Annie, the unconventional heroine of L'Evénement becomes a participant in her own victimization in Happening; thus the source text's politics of resistance becomes a politics of collusion in translation. The results of such a translation are extensive. Ernaux scholars have long commented on Annie Ernaux's absence from dialogues concerning feminism, observing that unlike authors such as Irigaray, Cixous and Wittig, Ernaux is not seen in Anglophone countries as representing "French feminism." It is likely that Ernaux's absence from such dialogues derives in part from the translations of Ernaux's texts. Were the feminist ideologies of Annie Ernaux's texts to travel intact into English, she would almost certainly receive the attention she deserves from feminist scholars, Women's Studies programs, and the broader reading public. This article proposes a productive rethinking of the translation of L'Evénement into Happening , one that questions the variances between the discourse of the source text and its translation, offers alternatives to the anti-feminist discourse of Happening , and ultimately confers on the translation of L'Evénement the status of an Event.
Flexing Their Underground Alliances: Women's Post-abolition Solidarity Building and Social Reform in Simone Schwarz-Bart's Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle
Authors: Bennett Zara
Published: April 2016

Post-abolition reforms were detrimental to black women. In the Caribbean, they were assigned a subordinate social status as dependents. Their loss of financial autonomy made them vulnerable to the abuse of male authority. Simone Schwarz-Bart's novel, Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle , examines how female friendships function as a coping strategy for disenfranchised blacks. The colonial regime engineered black men's compliance by consolidating domestic power in their hands. Télumée at first accepts to be subordinated to her lover Élie's authority. But when Élie fails her, Télumée's neighbors, and her mentors man Cia and later, Olympe, teach her to disregard social conventions. Through underground female alliances, Caribbean women challenge the dehumanizing logic of colonial ideology, and posit an ethic of solidarity that gives women expanded socio-economic roles.
Cleaning Scots pine seedling stands with mechanical uprooters – a work quality comparison of two related devices
Authors: Hallongren Heidi , Kankaanhuhta Ville , Kukkonen Mikael
Published: April 2016

Commercial forests require early cleaning to ensure the unhindered and uniform growth of crop trees. In order to be cost effective, non-crop vegetation should be uprooted to prevent their recovery. Performing this work manually is a labour-intensive task but it can be done mechanically. We evaluated the efficiency of two uprooting devices in direct seeded Scots pine (L.) stands ca. 1 m tall. Productivity and quality of the uprooting work was investigated across eight stands and ca. 160 sample plots in northern Karelia, eastern Finland. Time consumption of the uprooters was analyzed through a linear regression model and the work quality through a multilevel multivariate model in terms of the number of individual Scots pine seedlings, processing units (i.e., a bunch of seedlings to be harvested in the future) and broadleaves. The productivity of the narrower modified device was significantly better in terms of time consumption than the wider original device. Work quality did not differ significantly between devices when stand characteristics, regeneration success and pre-existing damage were taken into account. Results indicate that mechanical uprooting devices may be further developed to a cost-effective alternative to motor-manual techniques for the early cleaning of direct seeded commercial Scots pine stands.Pinus sylvestris
Proposição e análise de um sistema de gerenciamento ativo de tráfego em um estudo de caso de uma autoestrada
Authors: Caleffi Felipe , Cybis Helena Beatriz Bettella
Published: April 2016

O objetivo principal deste artigo é implementar e testar estratégias de gerenciamento ativo de tráfego em um trecho de uma autoestrada brasileira, a fim de avaliar e quantificar a eficácia destas estratégias. O gerenciamento ativo de tráfego é um sistema que gerencia dinamicamente o fluxo com base nas condições de tráfego existentes. O software de microssimulação de tráfego usado para modelagem foi o VISSIM, e foi calibrado para representar as particularidades do comportamento dos motoristas na autoestrada em estudo. As estratégias empregadas na simulação foram a de harmonização da velocidade e a do uso temporário do acostamento. O estudo demonstrou que o gerenciamento ativo de tráfego tem impactos positivos na operação do tráfego e os benefícios mensurados na simulação incluem: redução de headways, redução nos tempos médios de viagem e na variação dos tempos de viagem, e redução no número de trocas de faixa. O uso das estratégias também trouxe redução do tempo de congestionamento, aumentando a eficiência do trecho.
Shape optimization for an elliptic operator with infinitely many positive and negative eigenvalues
Authors: Bandle Catherine , Wagner Alfred
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with an eigenvalue problem possessing infinitely many positive and negative eigenvalues. Inequalities for the smallest positive and the largest negative eigenvalues, which have the same properties as the fundamental frequency, are derived. The main question is whether or not the classical isoperimetric inequalities for the fundamental frequency of membranes hold in this case. The arguments are based on the harmonic transplantation for the global results and the shape derivatives (domain variations) for nearly circular domains.
Obama and Race in America
Authors: Keller Morton
Published: April 2016

This examination of Obama and race in America has three themes. The first is his African-American identity, and concludes that it has marked and useful resemblances to John F. Kennedy’s Irish Catholicism. It then examines Obama’s record affecting race relations in America: what he has done and, as revealing, what he has not done. Finally, it seeks to set Obama’s approach to race relations in the context of its rich and diverse history in this nation.
African Americans and Contemporary Southern Politics
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , J. Rozell Mark
Published: April 2016

This article describes and analyzes the evolution of African American political participation in the states of the former Confederacy since the time of V.O. Key’s classic study of southern politics (1949). Expanded voting and electoral success for African Americans in the south have dramatically transformed the politics of the region and portenddeeper and longer-lasting change in the future, unless the Republican Party can begin to appeal to more minority voters. Current trends point toward possibly a major shifting in the politics of the region given demographic patterns and the difficulties of the Republican Party grappling with issues that drive African American voting.
Quantile Filtering of Colour Images via
Symmetric Matrices
Authors: Welk Martin , Kleefeld Andreas , Breuß Michael
Published: April 2016

Quantile filters, or rank-order filters, are local image filters which assign quantiles of intensities of
the input image within neighbourhoods as output image values. Combining a multivariate quantile definition
developed in matrix-valued morphology with a recently introduced mapping between the RGB colour space
and the space of symmetric 2 × 2 matrices, we state a class of colour image quantile filters, along with a
class of morphological gradient filters derived from these.We consider variants of these filters based on three
matrix norms – the nuclear, Frobenius, and spectral norm – and study their differences. We investigate the
properties of the quantile and gradient filters and their links to dilation and erosion operators. Using amoeba
structuring elements,we devise image-adaptive versions of our quantile and gradient filters. Experiments are
presented to demonstrate the favourable properties of the filters, and compare them to existing approaches
in colour morphology.
Laser switching contrast microscopy to monitor free and restricted diffusion inside the cell nucleus
Authors: Schmitt Franz-Josef , Junghans Cornelia , Sturm Matthias , Keuer Csongor , Eichler Hans Joachim , Friedrich Thomas
Published: April 2016

A novel microscopic technique termed laser switching contrast microscopy (LSCM) allows for the imaging of the dynamics of optically switchable proteins in single cell compartments. We present an application for the monitoring of diffusive properties of single molecules of the photo-switchable fluorescent protein Dreiklang (DRK). LSCM in the cell nucleus of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cytoplasmically expressing DRK unravels quick diffusive equilibration of the DRK molecules inside the whole cytoplasm and inside the cell nucleus within seconds. The nuclear membrane is also highly permeable for DRK. Inside the nucleus entirely distinct regions are found that only partially enable diffusive protein redistribution with mean square displacement proportional to time while in other regions the mobility of the proteins seems to be restricted. After photo-switching string like patterns of light DRK molecules are observed in the cell nucleus. In addition a fraction of these DRK molecules appears immobile. The findings support recent theories of the cell interior described as a random obstacle model with an additional immobile fraction of DRK. Numerical simulations show that at different illumination intensity and different distance from the laser focus similar patterns for fluorescence recovery might be obtained in spite of strongly varying diffusion constants.
TrigermanidesAEGe3(AE= Ca, Sr, Ba): chemical bonding and superconductivity
Authors: Castillo Rodrigo , Schnelle Walter , Baranov Alexey I. , Burkhardt Ulrich , Bobnar Matej , Cardoso-Gil Raul , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri
Published: April 2016

The crystal structures of the trigermanidesAEGe3(tI32) (AE= Ca, Sr, Ba; space groupI4/mmm, for SrGe3:a= 7.7873(1),c= 12.0622(3) Å) comprise Ge2dumbbells forming layered Ge substructures which enclose embeddedAEatoms. The chemical bonding analysis by application of the electron localizability approach reveals a substantial charge transfer from theAEatoms to the germanium substructure. The bonding within the dumbbells is of the covalent two-center type. A detailed analysis of SrGe3reveals that the interaction on the bond-opposite side of the Ge2groups is not lone pair-like – as it would be expected from the Zintl-like interpretation of the crystal structure with anionic Ge layers separated by alkaline-earth cations – but multi-center strongly polar between the Ge2dumbbells and the adjacent metal atoms. Similar atomic interactions are present in CaGe3and BaGe3. The variation of the alkaline-earth metal has a merely insignificant influence on the superconducting transition temperatures in thes,p-electron compoundsAEGe3.
Proposta de Construção de um Banco de Dados de Amostras de Fala para Uso Forense em um Arcabouço Bayesiano
Authors: Silva Gerson Albuquerque
Published: April 2016

Há pouco mais de dez anos, um novo paradigma para algumas disciplinas forenses foi pela primeira vez descrito. Nesse novo modelo, o arcabouço Bayesiano para avaliação da evidência foi proposto como um modelo teórico comum para a interpretação da evidência. Nos exames de Comparação Forense de Locutor, os esforços para a adoção dessa abordagem já haviam sido iniciados bem antes do novo paradigma proposto, seja na metodologia automática, seja na metodologia combinada clássica. No Brasil, onde se tem optado pela adoção de um modelo binário de decisão e pela adoção de uma escala clássica de probabilidades para expressão dos resultados, os peritos têm, no arcabouço bayesiano, uma boa alternativa. A adoção desse arcabouço requer, porém, a obtenção de uma base de dados suficientemente representativa. O objetivo do presente artigo é fazer uma revisão do arcabouço teórico bayesiano nas metodologias utilizadas em Comparação Forense de Locutor, bem como propor um esboço de uma base de dados de fala forense a ser utilizado no Estado de São Paulo
Rinktiniai gnominiai fragmentai
Authors: Πίνδαρος Pindaras
Published: April 2016

Graikiškas tekstas parengtas pagal:Pindar, Vol. 1: Olympian Odes, Pythian Odes (Loeb Classical Library 56); Vol. 2: Nemean Odes, Isthmian Odes, Fragments (Loeb Classical Library 485), edited and translated by William H. Race, Cambridge, MA, London: Harvard University Press, 1997.Iš sen. graikų kalbos vertė filosofinio teksto vertimo seminaro dalyviai:Vytautas Ališauskas, Viktoras Bachmetjevas, Paulius Garbačiauskas,Elzė Sigutė Mikalonytė, Jonas Skarulskis, Julita Slipkauskaitė,Gendvilė Svirskaitė ir Gintarė VaičiulytėMokslinis redaktorius Paulius Garbačiauskas
The Challenges in Measuring Local Immunization Coverage: A Statewide Case Study
Authors: Wolf Elizabeth , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Duchin Jeffrey , DeHart M. Patricia , Opel Douglas
Published: April 2016

There are many forms of existing immunization surveillance in the United States and Washington state, but all are limited in their ability to provide timely identification of clusters of unimmunized individuals and assess the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. This article aims to: (1) describe challenges to measuring immunization coverage at a local level in the United States using Washington State as a case study; and (2) propose improvements to existing surveillance systems that address the challenges identified.
La Legación de Alemania en Bogotá en la década de 1930
Authors: Bosemberg Luis Eduardo
Published: April 2016

El artículo se inscribe en el debate que gira alrededor del peligro nazi en Colombia. Se postula aquí que en el país no existía la posibilidad de un triunfo por parte de la Alemania nazi. Para ello se tomó el caso de la Legación de Alemania en Bogotá en la década de 1930. Inicialmente se describe la Legación presentando sus actividades desarrolladas —lo que se puede considerar acciones exitosas—. Después, basado en los documentos de la organización, se interpreta que los mismos diplomáticos estaban muy convencidos de que en Colombia no se daban las condiciones para una gran avanzada germana, ya que, por un lado, la avanzada triunfante provenía de los Estados Unidos y, por el otro, el país era liberal y antifascista.
Apuntes sobre la política exterior colombiana, a partir de la participación estadounidense en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Mesa Valencia Andres Felipe
Published: April 2016

El artículo analiza la política exterior colombiana con ocasión de la ruptura de la neutralidad americana. Con esto en mente, se centra en el segundo momento de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, es decir, desde la participación de Estados Unidos hasta el final del conflicto. Se examina asimismo lo referente a la defensa nacional como mecanismo indispensable para preservar la soberanía nacional, haciendo énfasis en la trascendencia que tuvo la Tercera Reunión de Cancilleres, llevada a cabo en Río de Janeiro, en materia de seguridad continental y fortalecimiento del Panamericanismo.
Avatares políticos y políticas sociales. El centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, a comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: De Paz Trueba Yolanda
Published: April 2016

En los primeros años del siglo XX, tuvieron lugar en Azul, en el centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, una serie de contingencias políticas que demandaron gran atención de las autoridades de turno. En este trabajo nos preguntamos sobre el lugar que ocuparon las demandas de carácter social en la agenda de los gobernantes. Se busca, pues, indagar sobre las funciones desarrolladas por el poder municipal y por la sociedad civil a la hora de atender estas necesidades; complejizar el sentido que se le atribuye habitualmente al papel político que tuvieron las instituciones de beneficencia emanadas de ella; así como resaltar la gravitación de los líderes locales en espacios no exclusivamente políticos.
In memoriam: Jaime Jaramillo Uribe
Authors: Hering Torres Max S.
Published: April 2016

En la mañana del 25 de octubre del 2015 falleció, en la ciudad de Bogotá, a sus 98 años de edad, el maestro Jaime Jaramillo Uribe, fundador del Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura —ACHSC—. En su memoria y en la de su legado, tanto el Departamento de Historia como el Anuario, conmemoran su gran aporte a la historia, en el país.
Editorial
Authors: Hering Torres Max S.
Published: April 2016

Los protagonistas esta vez: los cerdos. Y con seguridad también un “negro” llamado Pasos, su verdugo. Con esta trama de Mauricio A. Gómez Gómez abre el presente número, resultado de la convocatoria Tema Libre. Indudablemente existen varios clásicos sobre la historia de los animales. Por ejemplo, son muy conocidos el análisis simbólico sobre las peleas de gallos en Bali de Clifford Geertz y la matanza de gatos en París de Robert Darnton. Pero, esta vez, el presente número nos remite a otro lugar, a otro tiempo y a otros animales: los porcinos en la provincia de Antioquia, en el siglo XVIII.