bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low coverage genomic data resolve the population divergence and gene flow history of an Australian rain forest fig wasp
Authors: Cooper Lisa , Bunnefeld Lynsey , Hearn Jack , Cook James M , Lohse Konrad , Stone Graham N.
Published: February 2020

Population divergence and gene flow are key processes in evolution and ecology. Model-based analysis of genome-wide datasets allows discrimination between alternative scenarios for these processes even in non-model taxa. We used two complementary approaches (one based on the blockwise site frequency spectrum (bSFS), the second on the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC)) to infer the divergence history of a fig wasp,Pleistodontes nigriventris. Pleistodontes nigriventrisand its fig tree mutualistFicus watkinsianaare restricted to rain forest patches along the eastern coast of Australia, and are separated into northern and southern populations by two dry forest corridors (the Burdekin and St. Lawrence Gaps). We generated whole genome sequence data for two haploid males per population and used the bSFS approach to infer the timing of divergence between northern and southern populations ofP. nigriventris,and to discriminate between alternative isolation with migration (IM) and instantaneous admixture (ADM) models of post divergence gene flow.Pleistodontes nigriventrishas low genetic diversity (π = 0.0008), to our knowledge one of the lowest estimates reported for a sexually reproducing arthropod. We find strongest support for an ADM model in which the two populations divergedca. 196kya in the late Pleistocene, with almost 25% of northern lineages introduced from the south during an admixture eventca.57kya. This divergence history is highly concordant with individual population demographies inferred from each pair of haploid males using PSMC. Our analysis illustrates the inferences possible with genome-level data for small population samples of tiny, non-model organisms and adds to a growing body of knowledge on the population structure of Australian rain forest taxa.
Guanosine inhibits hepatitis C virus replication and increases indel frequencies, associated with altered intracellular nucleotide pools
Authors: Sabariegos Rosario , Ortega-Prieto Ana M. , Díaz-Martínez Luis , Grande-Pérez Ana , Gallego Isabel , de Ávila Ana I. , Soria María Eugenia , Gastaminza Pablo , Domingo Esteban , Perales Celia , Mas Antonio
Published: February 2020

In the course of experiments aimed at deciphering the inhibition mechanism of mycophenolic acid and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we observed an inhibitory effect of the nucleoside guanosine (Gua). Here, we report that Gua and not the other standard nucleosides inhibits HCV replication in human hepatoma cells. Gua did not directly inhibit thein vitropolymerase activity of NS5B, but it modified the intracellular levels of nucleoside di- and tri-phosphate (NDPs and NTPs), leading to deficient HCV RNA replication and reduction of infectious progeny virus production. Changes in the concentrations of NTP or NDP modified NS5B RNA polymerase activityin vitro, in particularde novoRNA synthesis and template switching. Furthermore, the Gua-mediated changes were associated with a significant increase in the number of indels in viral RNA, which may account for the reduction of the specific infectivity of the viral progeny, suggesting the presence of defective genomes. Thus, a proper NTP:NDP balance appears to be critical to ensure HCV polymerase fidelity and minimal production of defective genomes.

Author summary

Ribonucleoside metabolism is essential for replication of RNA viruses. In this article we describe the antiviral activity of the natural ribonucleoside guanosine (Gua). We demonstrate that hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication is inhibited in the presence of increasing concentrations of this ribonucleoside and that this inhibition does not occur as a consequence of a direct inhibition of HCV polymerase. Cells exposed to increasing concentrations of Gua show imbalances in the intracellular concentrations of nucleoside-diphosphates and triphosphates and as the virus is passaged in these cells, it accumulates mutations that reduce its infectivity and decimate its normal spreading capacity.
Perceived influence of work relationship, work load and physical work environment on job satisfaction of librarians in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Anasi Stella Ngozi
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the composite influence of perceived work relationship, work load and physical work environment on the job satisfaction of librarians in South-West, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for this study. The instrument used for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire, and a total of 102 academic librarians responded to the questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that there is a significant linear relationship among work relationship, workload, work environment and job satisfaction. Among the variables examined, workload is not a statistically significant predictor of the job satisfaction of librarians, but work relationship and work environment have a statistically significant relative effect on the job satisfaction of librarians.

Research limitations/implications

Further studies should evaluate the causal link between work relationships, work load and work environment on job satisfaction using randomized control.

Practical implications

The important result in this study is that there is a significant linear relationship among work relationship, workload, work environment and job satisfaction; therefore, if these factors are adequately taken care of, there will be increased employee motivation, reduced staff turnover and increased job satisfaction among librarians in Nigerian universities. The university library management could take advantage of workshops and seminars on how to build and maintain work relationship and work environment (hygiene factors) to improve employees’ job satisfaction. The seminars and workshop will increase the knowledge of university library management on how to develop coherent friendly co-workers policy practices and workload policy practices to enhance the job satisfaction of librarians in public universities in Nigeria. Librarians should be assigned tasks that are moderately demanding because both overload and under load could lead to job dissatisfaction. Regarding research, this study offered a basis for a continuing debate on work relationship, organizational relationships, work environment, work load and job satisfaction.

Originality/value

Despite the growing global concern for workers well-being in organizations, not much attention has been given to the influence of workplace relationship, work load and work environment on the job satisfaction of librarians in Nigeria. Thus, the results of this research contribute to the body of knowledge regarding job satisfaction among librarians and provide significant evidence on the influence of work relationship, work load and work environment on the job satisfaction of librarians.
A paradigmatic model for shared value innovation management in the supply chain
Authors: Rasti Borazjani Faghat Ebrahim , Khani Naser , Alemtabriz Akbar
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a paradigmatic model for shared value innovation management in the supply chain. This research seeks to identify the causal conditions, strategies, contextual factors, intervening factors and the consequences of shared value innovation in the supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach of this research is qualitative and has been carried out in the framework of the grounded theory. Required data for the research was collected through semi-structured interviews. Coding was done in two steps and the reliability of the results of the research was confirmed by calculating the similarity index of codes by two methods.

Findings

The proposed framework is presented in the form of a paradigmatic model and demonstrates how to achieve shared value innovation through increasing adoption with customer considerations, improving communication between supply chain members, improving collaboration among supply chain members, enhancing trust among supply chain members, enhancing the commitment of the supply chain members, enhancing supply chain members’ interdependence while maintaining their independence and simultaneously reducing costs. The results of the analysis showed that the shared value innovation leads to positive consequences such as increasing competitive abilities, human development, synergy, inclusive growth and development and also the sustainability of the business situation.

Originality/value

Although some studies have shown the importance of value innovation in different parts of the organization and to some extent the introduction of shared value innovation, no research has been done to provide a framework or model for managing shared value innovation.
Power distance culture and whistleblowing intentions: the moderating effect of gender
Authors: Puni Albert , Hilton Sam Kris
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of power distance culture (PDC) on whistleblowing intentions (WI) by examining the moderating effect of gender on the causal relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used descriptive and cross-sectional survey design. Data were obtained from 300 employees of the selected organizations in Ghana and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlational and hierarchical regression techniques.

Findings

The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between PDC and WI, and such relationship is moderated by gender. The study also revealed that high PDC is the prevailing culture in the organizations surveyed, indicating low tendency of reporting corporate wrongdoing. However, the result of the moderation analysis indicates being a female worker in a PDC has a stronger influence on WI than being a male. Additionally, whistleblowers are likely to report their coworkers than leaders in high PDC organizations, but they are rather likely to report their leaders than coworkers in low PDC organizations.

Originality/value

This paper makes a significant contribution to the existing whistleblowing literature by establishing how gender moderates the influence of organizational culture on whistleblowing and recommends how to improve organizational ethos to facilitate whistleblowing in high-power distance societies.
The asymmetric patterns of adverse extension effects on narrow and broad brands: perspectives on brand structure and extension typicality
Authors: Chang Joseph W.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impacts of brand structure (i.e. brand cohesiveness and similarity) on brand perceptions and the adverse effects of brand extensions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected online via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Overall, 188 US residents participated in the 2 (extension typicality: typical and atypical) × 3 (brand cohesiveness: high, medium and low) between-subject experimental design.

Findings

Narrow brands are favored over cohesive broad brands, and cohesive broad brands are favored over incohesive broad brands. When new extensions are typical, brand cohesiveness dominates brand similarity in terms of adverse extension effects. Negative extension information exerts more salient adverse effects on narrow brands and cohesive broad brands than on incohesive broad brands. Conversely, when new extensions are atypical, brand similarity dominates brand cohesiveness on adverse extension effects. Negative extension information exerts more salient adverse effects on narrow brands than on cohesive and incohesive broad brands.

Research limitations/implications

Brand cohesiveness is more impactful than brand similarity on brand perceptions. The identical adverse effects of typical extensions on narrow, and broad brands exist only when the portfolio products of the broad brands are cohesive.

Practical implications

Cohesive broad brands have the advantages of being more favored than incohesive broad brands and being less vulnerable to negative atypical extension information than are narrow brands.

Originality/value

This study advances brand research by examining the interplay between brand structure (i.e. category cohesiveness and similarity) and extension typicality on adverse extension effects.
Intellectual property extensions in entertainment services: Marvel and DC comics
Authors: Buoye Alexander , De Keyser Arne , Gong Zeyang , Lao Natalie
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to look into the topic of IP category extensions in an entertainment setting. The main goal of the study is to explore the reciprocal spillover effect of customer experience (CX) ratings with an intellectual property (IP) in one medium (i.e. film) on the sales of the same IP in other media (i.e. comic books).

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on 21-years of monthly top 300 comic book direct market sales data linked to the release schedule and domestic box office gross figures for films featuring Marvel and DC comic book IP appearing in the weekly top 50 films over the same time period. The analysis is based on a hierarchical linear (i.e. mixed) model to account for the nested structure of the data.

Findings

The analysis reveals that CX ratings of weekly top 50 films featuring comic book IP have a quadratic relationship with comic book sales by the two major publishers. Films receiving very good but not excellent ratings are associated with the highest levels of incremental comic book sales.

Research limitations/implications

The model is based on sales of periodical comic books in the direct market only (i.e. specialty shops) and does not account for sales of digital comics or collected editions through other channels. The analysis is also limited to IP for the two major publishers (Marvel and DC comics).

Originality/value

This study expands current knowledge on CX spillover effects between different media, contributing to entertainment and CX-literature alike.
The relationship of polarity of post-publication peer review to citation count
Authors: Zong Qianjin , Fan Lili , Xie Yafen , Huang Jingshi
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of the post-publication peer review (PPPR) polarity of a paper to that paper's citation count.

Design/methodology/approach

Papers with PPPRs from Publons.com as the experimental groups were manually matched 1:2 with the related papers without PPPR as the control group, by the same journal, the same issue (volume), the same access status (gold open access or not) and the same document type. None of the papers in the experimental group or control group received any comments or recommendations from ResearchGate, PubPeer or F1000. The polarity of the PPPRs was coded by using content analysis. A negative binomial regression analysis was conducted to examine the data by controlling the characteristics of papers.

Findings

The four experimental groups and their corresponding control groups were generated as follows: papers with neutral PPPRs, papers with both negative and positive PPPRs, papers with negative PPPRs and papers with positive PPPRs as well as four corresponding control groups (papers without PPPRs). The results are as follows: while holding the other variables (such as page count, number of authors, etc.) constant in the model, papers that received neutral PPPRs, those that received negative PPPRs and those that received both negative and positive PPPRs had no significant differences in citation count when compared to their corresponding control pairs (papers without PPPRs). Papers that received positive PPPRs had significantly greater citation count than their corresponding control pairs (papers without PPPRs) while holding the other variables (such as page count, number of authors, etc.) constant in the model.

Originality/value

Based on a broader range of PPPR sentiments, by controlling many of the confounding factors (including the characteristics of the papers and the effects of the other PPPR platforms), this study analyzed the relationship of various polarities of PPPRs to citation count.
Unlearning institutional habits: an arts-based perspective on organizational unlearning
Authors: Krauss Annette
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to report on findings and methodological approaches of the artistic project “Sites for Unlearning (Art Organization)” in collaboration with the Team at Casco at Institute: Working for the Commons, Utrecht/NL, through which processes of unlearning are tested against the backdrop of established institutional structures. This paper constitutes a transdisciplinary contribution to the discourse, exploring its relationship with organizational unlearning, organizational change and feminist, decolonial trajectories.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a feminist, decolonial, arts-based approach to discuss “unlearning institutional habits” by means of the long-term project – Sites for Unlearning (Art Organization). This complements the organizational unlearning literature with an arts-based approach, which draws on alternative education and feminist and decolonial literature. This paper responds to the call of this special and introduces a new perspective to the discourse.

Findings

This paper gives insights into and elaborates on the findings of the artistic project “Site for Unlearning (Art Organization)” through which processes of unlearning are tested against the backdrop of institutional structures.

Originality/value

This methodology puts in evidence that there are two major areas of concern for those who desire to break established structures in contemporary life increasingly defined by economic, socio-political and ecological pressures – institution on the one hand and learning on the other; the artistic project Sites for Unlearning attempts to challenge both. It builds on the insights and energies developed in and around the studies on unlearning in the fields of alternative education and feminist and decolonial theory and connects them with organizational learning, knowledge management and theories of transformation (Andreotti, 2011; Spivak, 1993; Tlostanova and Mignolo, 2012).
Unlearning towards an uncertain future: on the back end of future-driven unlearning
Authors: Peschl Markus F.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

While many approaches in the field of unlearning aim at describing, understanding or explaining the “what” and/or “how” of unlearning, this paper aims to focus on the “where-to” and the goal of unlearning. In many cases, unlearning starts off with a specific result or goal in mind. This paper suggests that such an approach has to be challenged in the context of a highly complex and uncertain world and to introduce a mode of unlearning following a strategy of future-oriented open-endedness.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper draws on (both theoretical/philosophical and empirical) interdisciplinary evidence from a wide variety of fields, such as organization studies, organizational (un)learning, systems theory, cognitive science and innovation studies.

Findings

It turns out that open-endedness in unlearning processes plays a central role, especially if we are confronted with high levels of uncertainty and complexity. In such an environment, following a strategy of co-becoming with an unfolding environment and with an emergent goal seems to be more promising than aiming at a preconceived (un-)learning goal.

Originality/value

The unlearning literature provides various approaches to what unlearning is and how it can be executed. However, understanding the actual goals and outcomes of unlearning and how these goals are identified and determined is a rather under-researched field. In many cases, they are preconceived in advance finding their realization in new forms of knowledge, assumptions, belief systems, values or routines. This paper challenges this strategy and addresses the gap of how it is possible to unlearn toward an uncertain future. This has an impact on the process of unlearning itself; it has to be reframed and understood as an open-ended strategy for identifying emerging future potentials, purposes and goals in a process of co-becoming with an unfolding future.
Lean Six Sigma in manufacturing process: a bibliometric study and research agenda
Authors: Sordan Juliano Endrigo , Oprime Pedro Carlos , Pimenta Márcio Lopes , Chiabert Paolo , Lombardi Franco
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a bibliometric study about Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in the manufacturing process and to conduct an analysis of sources of publication, authorship, citations and other bibliometric indicators. This paper also identifies the research agenda for future research related to the LSS approach in manufacturing processes.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 508 articles published during the period 2002 to 2017 were collected through an automated process from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and later analyzed using techniques such as data mining, bibliometric indicators analysis, cluster analysis, network analysis and word cloud. The boundaries of the study cover studies directed to the manufacturing processes.

Findings

The research identified 1,110 authors from 54 countries and 15 most prolific journals among the 162 journals investigated. The study unveils relevant articles, authors and journals that have discussed LSS initiatives in the manufacturing process.

Practical implications

The study findings can make practitioners aware of the state of the art and the specificities of the most prolific studies. Furthermore, this paper also intends to clarify the project themes and tools most used in these works.

Originality/value

The geographical locations of influential articles and authors are revealed. Additionally, frequently used words are listed and helped to develop a research agenda that highlights relevant themes, methods and industries.
Proposing a model for dynamical computing the risk of knowledge domains in the organizational knowledge map
Authors: Piri Morteza , Zahedi Mohamad Reza , Vaziri Goodarzi Ehsan , Mohammadpanah Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to present a specific model and method for analyzing the knowledge domains and organization knowledge map. One of the functions of the organizational knowledge map is the possibility of extracting the risk of the organization's knowledge domains and thus the ability to define knowledge-based strategies in the organization. So far, various software tools have been designed to support the process of creating, analyzing knowledge domains and structure knowledge map. However, software companies have less detail and methodology of their software analysis and less research has been addressed.

Design/methodology/approach

This model calculates the risk of knowledge domains using the recursive algorithm approach, assuming there is one-way communication between the knowledge domains and using specific factors.

Findings

The prominence of this model is to calculate knowledge domains risk, dynamic updating of knowledge domains risk after any changes in knowledge domain risk in the organization's knowledge map. The model can also be used as a simulation model and prioritize corrective actions.

Originality/value

This is a recursive model that by assuming one-way relations among knowledge domain computes the risk of each domain knowledge by considering the risk of its related domains, relations among different domains and pre-requisites and post-requisites. This model has no limitation in determining the number of knots and communications. Despite of simplicity, it is too efficient and any organization can localize it based on its own needs.
Stretching the Border: Shopping, Petty Trade and Everyday Life Experiences in the Polish–Ukrainian Borderland
Authors: Szytniewski Bianca B. , Spierings Bas , Van Der Velde Martin
Published: February 2020

This article examines the practices and experiences of Ukrainian border crossers who are engaged in informal small‐scale economic practices, namely shopping and petty trade, at the Medyka border crossing in Poland. By examining the societal, network and territorial embeddedness of the economic activities of these border crossers, we aim to shed light on the practices and experiences that form part of their daily lives. For many, the presence of the state border has become a resource for shopping and petty trade. People share a common purpose of making the most of their border crossing; they work together to plan and coordinate, or improvise and semi‐plan, in the borderland and beyond, to supplement their income or to make a living. As a result, daily life for these border crossers occurs on both sides of the state border, ‘stretching’ the border in both a mental and a physical sense, despite the controlled institutional demarcation between Poland and Ukraine.
Trend of emergency department presentations with a mental health diagnosis in Australia by diagnostic group, 2004–05 to 2016–17
Authors: Tran Quang Nhat , Lambeth Leonard G , Sanderson Kristy , de Graaff Barbara , Breslin Monique , Huckerby Emma J , Tran Viet , Neil Amanda L
Published: February 2020

Objective

To examine trends of ED presentations with a mental health (MH) diagnosis in Australia and its jurisdictions by diagnostic group between 2004–05 and 2016–17.

Methods

Data comprised ED presentations with a principal diagnosis of ICD‐10‐AM F00–F99 (MHdx) captured within the National Non‐Admitted Patient Emergency Department Care Database. Trends in absolute number and rates of MHdx presentations per 10 000 population were assessed as differences (x‐fold) and annual growth rates (average and compound).

Results

Increased presentation rates were observed for most diagnostic groups, except for mental retardation (F70–F79) and mood disorders (F30–F39). The greatest absolute increase was for psychoactive substance use‐related disorders (F10–F19), and relative increase, unspecified mental disorder (F99). There was differentiation across jurisdictions regarding rates of and growth in presentations. In 2016–17, rates at least twice the national average were observed for psychoactive substance‐use (F10–F19), schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (F20–F29) and childhood and adolescence onset disorders (F90–F98) in the Northern Territory, F90–F98 in South Australia, personality disorders (F60–F69) in Tasmania and unspecified mental disorder (F99) in New South Wales. The most marked growth was observed for F99 in New South Wales.

Conclusion

Between 2004–05 and 2016–17, rates of ED presentations increased across most MH diagnostic groups, but particularly psychoactive substance use‐related disorders. To reduce the need for MH crisis care in Australian EDs, strategies are required to reduce psychoactive substance use in the community, and policies may be needed to strengthen the capability of community MH services and primary care professionals to recognise, diagnose and treat earlier in the course of illness.
Differential sensitivity of human islets from obese versus lean donors to chronic high glucose or palmitate
Authors: Castex Françoise , Leroy Jeremy , Broca Christophe , Mezghenna Karima , Duranton Flore , Lavallard Vanessa , Lebreton Fanny , Gross René , Wojtusciszyn Anne , Lajoix Anne‐Dominique
Published: February 2020

Background

Due to the shortage of multi‐organ donors, human pancreatic islet transplantation has now been extended to islets originating from obese subjects. In this study, our aim is to compare the respective sensitivity of human islets from lean vs obese donors to chronic high glucose or high palmitate.

Methods

Human islets were isolated from pancreases harvested from brain‐dead multi‐organ donors. Islets were cultured during 72 hours in the presence of moderate (16.7 mmol/L) or high (28 mmoL/L) glucose concentrations, or glucose (5.6 mmoL/L) and palmitate (0.4 mmoL/L), before measurement of their response to glucose.

Results

We first observed a greater insulin response in islets from obese donors under both basal and high‐glucose conditions, confirming their hyperresponsiveness to glucose. When islets from obese donors were cultured in the presence of moderate or high glucose concentrations, insulin response to glucose remained unchanged or was slightly reduced, as opposed to that observed in lean subjects. Moreover, culturing islets from obese donors with high palmitate also induced less reduction in insulin response to glucose than in lean subjects. This partial protection of obese islets is associated with less induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in islets, together with a greater expression of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that in addition to an increased sensitivity to glucose, islets from obese subjects can be considered as more resistant to glucose and fatty acid excursions and are thus valuable candidates for transplantation.
RNA‐Seq Analysis of Genetic and Transcriptome Network Effects of Dual‐Trait Selection for Ethanol Preference and Withdrawal Using SOT and NOT Genetic Models
Authors: Kozell Laura B. , Lockwood Denesa , Darakjian Priscila , Edmunds Stephanie , Shepherdson Karen , Buck Kari J. , Hitzemann Robert
Published: February 2020

Background

Genetic factors significantly affect alcohol consumption and vulnerability to withdrawal. Furthermore, some genetic models showing predisposition to severe withdrawal are also predisposed to low ethanol (EtOH) consumption and vice versa, even when tested independently in naïve animals.

Methods

Beginning with a C57BL/6J × DBA/2J F2 intercross founder population, animals were simultaneously selectively bred for both high alcohol consumption and low acute withdrawal (SOT line), or vice versa (NOT line). Using randomly chosen fourth selected generation (S4) mice (N = 18‐22/sex/line), RNA‐Seq was employed to assess genome‐wide gene expression in ventral striatum. The MegaMUGA array was used to detect genome‐wide genotypic differences. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis were implemented as described elsewhere (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462).

Results

The new selection of the SOT and NOT lines was similar to that reported previously (Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38, 2014, 2915). One thousand eight hundred and sixteen transcripts were detected as differentially expressed between the lines. For genes more highly expressed in the SOT line, there was enrichment in genes associated with cell adhesion, synapse organization, and postsynaptic membrane. The genes with a cell adhesion annotation included 23 protocadherins, Mpdz and Dlg2. Genes with a postsynaptic membrane annotation included Gabrb3, Gphn, Grid1, Grin2b, Grin2c, and Grm3. The genes more highly expressed in the NOT line were enriched in a network module (red) with annotations associated with mitochondrial function. Several of these genes were module hub nodes, and these included Nedd8, Guk1, Elof1, Ndufa8, and Atp6v1f.

Conclusions

Marked effects of selection on gene expression were detected. The NOT line was characterized by higher expression of hub nodes associated with mitochondrial function. Genes more highly expressed in the SOT aligned with previous findings, for example, Colville and colleagues (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462) that both high EtOH preference and consumption are associated with effects on cell adhesion and glutamate synaptic plasticity.
Associations between schizophrenia polygenic risk and apathy in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Lyngstad S. H. , Bettella F. , Aminoff S. R. , Athanasiu L. , Andreassen O. A. , Færden A. , Melle I.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Apathy is a central predictor of a poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are used to detect genetic associations to key clinical phenotypes in schizophrenia. We explored the associations between schizophrenia PRS and apathy levels in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n = 281) and matched healthy controls (n = 298), and further how schizophrenia PRS contributed in predicting apathy when added to premorbid and clinical factors in the patient sample.

Method

Schizophrenia PRSs were computed for each participant. Apathy was assessed with the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to investigate associations between schizophrenia PRS and apathy, and between apathy and premorbid and clinical factors. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were employed to evaluate the contributions of clinical variables and schizophrenia PRS to apathy levels.

Results

We found no significant associations between schizophrenia PRS and apathy in patients and healthy controls. Several premorbid and clinical characteristics significantly predicted apathy in patients, but schizophrenia PRS did not.

Conclusion

Since the PRSs are based on common genetic variants, our results do not preclude associations to other types of genetic factors. The results could also indicate that environmentally based biological or psychological factors contribute to apathy levels in schizophrenia.
A qualitative case study of a Korean former addict’s existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation
Authors: Kang Sun Kyung , Shin Seungnam , Sang Chong Ryel
Published: February 2020

This study explored the case of a former addict, focusing on his existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation process. This study began from the question of whether philosophical processes related to existential self‐interpretation could lead to the formation of the concept of bottoming out and of identity transformation. To answer this question, the study analyzed the case of a male in his mid‐forties who was addicted to drugs for approximately 30 years and has only recently maintained abstinence. The study used the phenomenological approach to determine the meaning drugs held for him in each stage, and what drug‐related identity he had in each stage. Further, this study identified the integrative implications of these meanings in terms of existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation. The four different identities the man identified for the four stages of his life were juvenile delinquent, gang member, half‐gangster, and breadwinner, and the associated meanings drugs had for him during each period were “glue,” “filthy,” “leeches,” and “abstinence,” respectively. Finally, this study elucidated the integration of these meanings through the hermeneutic circle, identified the social welfare implications of the findings, and developed educational recommendations.
Non‐ambulatory dogs with cervical intervertebral disc herniation: single versus multiple ventral slot decompression
Authors: Guo S , Lu D , Pfeiffer S , Pfeiffer DU
Published: February 2020

Objective

To evaluate the proportion of non‐ambulatory dogs with cervical intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in a private clinic and to compare signalment and outcome between those that underwent single or multiple ventral slot decompression (VSD).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

After screening 43,378 medical records (January 2010–September 2016), those of 185 dogs with non‐ambulatory tetraparesis or tetraplegia along with cervical IVDH that had undergone single (123) or multiple (62) VSD were included in this study. Data on signalment, preoperative neurological status, location of affected intervertebral disc(s), time to ambulation and short‐term outcome were compared between single and multiple VSD groups.

Results

The proportion of non‐ambulatory dogs with IVDH was 35.3%. The prevalence of non‐ambulation was higher in male dogs (0.56%) than in female dogs (0.26%; P < 0.001) and in neutered dogs than in unneutered dogs (0.51% and 0.27%, respectively, P < 0.001). After surgery, 96.2% of the dogs reached ambulatory status. Dogs with multiple IVDH were older than those with single IVDH. Sex, neutering status or size did not affect the outcome or ambulation status postsurgery. The Pekingese was the most commonly affected breed in both groups. There was no difference in the time to reach ambulation and the presence of neurological deficits after surgery between dogs that underwent single and multiple VSD.

Conclusions

In this cohort, dogs undergoing multiple VSD had a good postoperative outcome, and their short‐term functional recovery was equal to that of dogs undergoing single ventral slot compression.
A systematic review and combined meta‐analysis of concentration of oral amisulpride
Authors: Li Lin , Li Lu , Shang De‐Wei , Wen Yu‐Guan , Ning Yu‐Ping
Published: February 2020

Aims

Amisulpride, a first‐line schizophrenia treatment, has shown large interindividual variability in plasma/serum levels, often outside the reference range (100–320 ng/mL). This study aims to clarify the impact of dose, sex, age and related factors for the interpatient variability in amisulpride plasma/serum concentration.

Methods

Both English and Chinese databases were searched from their inception to May 16, 2019, using the terms: amisulpride and (plasma OR serum OR blood OR “drug monitoring” OR concentration). Studies reporting concentrations and either a dose, associated factor, clinical outcome or side effect were included.

Results

Fourteen studies with 1628 participants were eventually included. Eligible articles yielded data on drug concentration and dose, averaging 333.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 294.5–373.3) ng/mL and 636.2 (95% CI: 549.7–722.6) mg/d, respectively. The calculated mean concentration‐to‐dose (C/D) ratio was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52–0.67) (ng/mL)/mg. Subgroup analysis suggested that female patients on combined lithium‐amisulpride have higher concentration levels and C/D ratios. Age was slight positive associated with C/D ratio while not for plasma level. Smoker patients have high concentration level than nonsmoking patients but not for C/D. Responsive and nonresponsive groups did not differ in concentration and C/D.

Conclusion

Pooled concentration levels of amisulpride were higher than recommended with wide individual variation, especially in older patients, female patients and patients taking amisulpride combined with lithium. The specific therapeutic reference range for amisulpride may require reconstruction, which should consider the influence of age, sex, kidney function, drug–drug interactions, different dose regimens and sampling times in future study.
Contested Understandings in the Global Garment Industry after Rana Plaza
Authors: Ashwin Sarah , Kabeer Naila , Schüßler Elke
Published: February 2020

This Introduction synthesizes the key themes of this special cluster of articles and explores the implications of the three contributions on garment supply chains after the Rana Plaza disaster. The three articles examine the perspectives of key stakeholders in garment value chains — global buyers, managers of garment factories in Bangladesh, and workers at these factories — and analyses their responses to the new governance initiatives that emerged in the aftermath of Rana Plaza. Placing the contrasting perspectives of these stakeholders alongside each other starkly reveals how their different positions within hierarchically organized global value chains form the particular lens through which they view post‐Rana Plaza initiatives. This special cluster scrutinizes the particular understandings of these stakeholders and reveals the very different capacity for voice and influence that they bring to bear in shaping outcomes. It reflects on the contradictory imperatives faced by actors in the garment industry caught between a logic of competition on the one hand and global labour standards norms on the other. The Introduction concludes by examining the prospects for a re‐embedding of the market in global value chains via the activation of civil society.
Cognitive anosognosia is associated with frontal dysfunction and lower depression in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yoo H. S. , Chung S. J. , Lee Y. H. , Ye B. S. , Sohn Y. H. , Lee P. H.
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose

Anosognosia refers to a deficit of self‐awareness or impaired insight for cognitive and behavioral problems. Cognitive anosognosia was explored in de novo patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its relationship to cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms was investigated.

Methods

The cross‐sectional study enrolled 340 drug‐naïve patients with PD. According to the presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive complaint, patients were classified as patients with cognitive anosognosia (PD‐CA, n = 74), with normal cognitive recognition (PD‐NR, n = 184) or with cognitive underestimation (PD‐CU, n = 82). After controlling for covariates, cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms were compared between the PD groups.

Results

Cognitive anosognosia was found in 21.8% of patients with de novo PD. The PD‐CA group showed poorer performance in all cognitive domains except for attention. Amongst PD patients with MCI, those with cognitive anosognosia showed lower composite z‐scores in the Stroop color reading test than those without. The Beck Depression Inventory score in the PD‐NR group was lower than that in the PD‐CU group and higher than that in the PD‐CA group. The Cognitive Complaints Interview score mediated the association between cognitive anosognosia and Beck Depression Inventory score.

Conclusions

Cognitive anosognosia in PD was associated with greater frontal dysfunction and lower depression. Since cognitive anosognosia has a harmful impact on PD patients and their caregivers due to overestimation of their abilities in everyday life, early identification of cognitive anosognosia in PD is important in management and prognosis.
PRICE 2020 guidelines for reporting case reports in Endodontics: a consensus‐based development
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Chong B. S. , McCabe P. , Shah P. K. , Priya E. , Jayaraman J. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Setzer F. C. , Sunde P. T. , Dummer P. M. H.
Published: February 2020

Case reports can provide early information about new, unusual or rare disease(s), newer treatment strategies, improved therapeutic benefits and adverse effects of interventions or medications. This paper describes the process that led to the development of the Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines through a consensus‐based methodology. A steering committee was formed with eight members (PD, VN, BC, PM, PS, EP, JJ and SP), including the project leaders (PD, VN). The steering committee developed an initial checklist by combining and modifying the items from the Case Report (CARE) guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. A PRICE Delphi Group (PDG) and PRICE Face‐to‐Face Meeting Group (PFMG) were then formed. The members of the PDG were invited to participate in an online Delphi process to achieve consensus on the wording and utility of the checklist items and the accompanying flow chart that was created to complement the PRICE 2020 guidelines. The revised PRICE checklist and flow chart developed by the online Delphi process was discussed by the PFMG at a meeting held during the 19th European Society of Endodontology (ESE) Biennial Congress in Vienna, Austria, in September 2019. Following the meeting, the steering committee created a final version of the guidelines, which were piloted by several authors during the writing of a case report. In order to help improve the clarity, completeness and quality of case reports in Endodontics, we encourage authors to use the PRICE 2020 guidelines.
Homology conundrum among foreguts of caenogastropod molluscs: A view from comparative patterns of development
Authors: Hanson Nova B. , Hookham Brenda , Page Louise R.
Published: February 2020

Evolution of two novel feeding strategies among caenogastropod molluscs, suspension feeding in calyptraeids such as Crepidula fornicata and predatory feeding with a pleurembolic proboscis among neogastropods, may have both involved elongation of the anterior esophagus. Emergence of predatory feeding with a proboscis is particularly significant because it correlates with the rapid adaptive radiation of buccinoidean and muricoidean neogastropods during the Cretaceous. However, the notion that this important evolutionary transition involved elongation of the anterior esophagus to extend down a long proboscis has been disputed by evidence that it may have been the wall of the buccal cavity that elongated. We undertook a comparative study on foregut morphogenesis during larval and metamorphic development in C. fornicata and in three species of neogastropods with a pleurembolic proboscis to examine the hypothesis that the same region of foregut has elongated in all. We approached this by identifying a conserved marker for the boundary between buccal cavity and anterior esophagus, which was recognizable before the developing foregut showed regional differences in length. A survey of four species of littorinimorph caenogastropods suggested that the site of neurogenic placodes for the buccal ganglia could serve as this marker. Results showed that foregut lengthening in C. fornicata involved elongation posterior to neurogenic placodes for buccal ganglia, an area that corresponded to the anterior esophagus in the other littorinimorphs. However, foregut elongation occurred anterior to neurogenic placodes for buccal ganglia in two buccinoidean and one muricoidean neogastropod. The elongated foregut within the pleurembolic proboscis of these neogastropods qualifies as anterior esophagus only if the definition of the anterior esophagus is expanded to include the dorsal folds that run down the roof of the buccal cavity. Regardless of how the anterior esophagus is defined, comparative developmental data do not support the hypothesis of homology between the elongated adult foregut regions in C. fornicata and in neogastropods with a pleurembolic proboscis.
A multidisciplinary approach to decreasing length of stay in acute care surgery patients
Authors: DePesa Christopher D. , El Hechi Majed W. , McKenzie Rachael , Waak Karen , Woodis Leslie , Chang Yuchiao , Gervasini Alice , Velmahos George C. , Kaafarani Haytham M. A.
Published: February 2020

目的

缩短急症护理手术病人的住院时间。

设计

在一个三级转诊中心开展观察性队列质量改进项目。

方法

组建了一支由医师、护士、病例管理人员、理疗师和职业治疗师组成的多学科团队,以识别有住院时间延长风险的患者,并开展每周多学科凑整,同时采用系统的方法实时跟踪进展。主要评价指标为住院时间。对干预前(2012年‐2014年)和干预后(2014年‐2016年)两年内住院时间的观察/预期比率进行比较。

结果

共对6,120名病人进行了分析。早期确定出院阻碍因素并采取行动,使风险调整后的急症护理手术病人每年的住院天数(96天)显著减少,而且增加的成本有限(每周1‐2小时)。出院回家的病人无论是否接受医疗服务均受益最多。

结论

在不显著增加医疗服务提供者负担的情况下,有可能实现缩短急症护理手术病人的住院时间。

影响

我们描述了一个全面的多学科倡议,以缩短急症护理手术病人的住院时间。机构可凭借可持续的方式利用现有资源,在有限的附加成本下,显著减少病人每年的住院天数。

注册

https://osf.io/zfc3t