bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Color Stability of Different Denture Teeth Following Immersion in Staining Solutions
Authors: Ehsani Marzieh , Sadighpour Leyla , Geramipanah Farideh , Ehsani Azita , Shahabi Sima
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the color change (∆E00) of 7 brands of denture teeth (conventional acrylic and composite teeth) following immersion in staining solutions.
Materials and Methods: Maxillary central incisor denture teeth made of 4 conventional acrylic resins (Vitapan, SR Vivodent PE, Beta Star and Crystal) and 3 composite resins (Finex, Emeral and Phonares II) were randomly divided into four groups (n=5). Denture teeth of different brands were immersed in tea, coffee, cola, and turmeric solutions. The solutions were incubated at 37°C. The baseline color of the teeth was measured using an intraoral spectrophotometer. The color of the teeth was measured after 24 h (∆E12), 1 week (∆E13), 2 weeks (∆E14), and 1 month (∆E15). ∆E00 was calculated and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons were performed by the Tukey’s post-hoc test (P<0.05).
Results: The color stability of all teeth was significantly affected by the solutions (P<0.001). The type of tooth and coloring solution had significant interactions at all times (P<0.05). Turmeric caused the maximum color change in all teeth after 1 month. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that ∆E00 of all teeth was significantly affected by the duration of immersion in the solutions (P<0.001).
Conclusion: within the limitations of this study, 1-month immersion of denture teeth in coffee, tea and cola solution altered the ∆E values; however, they were within the acceptable range, except for Beta Star. Turmeric solution caused unacceptable color change in all denture teeth even after 24 h of immersion.
Effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on IVF outcomes in infertile women: An RCT
Authors: Eftekhar Maryam , Hosseinisadat Robabe , Baradaran Ramesh , Naghshineh Elham
Published: February 2022

Background: Despite major advances in assisted reproductive techniques, the implantation rates remain relatively low. Some studies have demonstrated that intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) improves implantation in infertile women.
Objective: To assess the G-CSF effects on IVF outcomes in women with normal endometrial thickness.
Materials and methods : In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 100 infertile women with normal endometrial thickness who were candidate for IVF were evaluated in two groups. Exclusion criteria were positive history of repeated implantation failure (RIF), endocrine disorders, severe endometriosis, congenital or acquired uterine anomaly and contraindication for G-CSF (renal disease, sickle cell disease, or malignancy). In G-CSF group (n=50), 300 µg trans cervical intrauterine of G-CSF was administered at the oocyte retrieval day. Controls (n=50) were treated with standard protocol. Chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate were compared between groups.
Results: Number of total and mature oocytes (MII), two pronuclei (2PN), total embryos, transferred embryos, quality of transferred embryos, and fertilization rate did not differ significantly between two groups. So there were no significant differences between groups in chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate
Conclusion: our result showed in normal IVF patients with normal endometrial thickness, the intrauterine infusion of G-CSF did not improve pregnancy outcomes.
Neuromuscular Adjustments of the Quadriceps Muscle After Eccentric Resistance and Concentric Resistance Training
Authors: Azizi Ghouchan Fatemeh , Hedayatpour Nosratollah , Cheragh-Birjandi Sadegh , Izanloo Zahra
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Deficiency in the neural control of movement is associated with poor posture and skeletal muscle injuries. Exercise training is commonly reported as an intervention to improve neuromuscular activity. However, maximizing the effectiveness of exercise interventions for improving neural control of movement has been less investigated. The purpose of the current study was to examine improvement in neuromuscular activity (e.g., muscle fiber conduction velocity) and quadriceps function after eccentric resistance training versus concentric training.
Materials and Methods: A total of 24 men participated in this study and were randomly divided into eccentric training (n=12) and concentric training groups (n=12). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MIVC) of quadriceps, vertical jumping, and multichannel surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded before and 12 weeks after resistance eccentric and concentric training. Muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) and root mean square (RMS) were computed using raw EMG signals.
Results: The percentage increases in MVIC and vertical jumping after eccentric resistance training were significantly higher than those after concentric training (P<0.05). Likewise, eccentric exercise resulted in a higher increase in MFCV and RMS of EMG than concentric exercise (P<0.05).
Conclusion: A higher increase in neuromuscular activity and quadriceps performance observed after eccentric exercise may indicate that eccentric resistance training is more effective in improving neuromuscular activity and muscle function.
The Effect of Head and Neck Stabilization Exercises on Dynamic Balance in the Elderly With Forward Head Posture
Authors: Irani Shahram , Abbaszadeh-Amirdehi Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Sum Shima , Matlabi Hossein , Mirasi Setareh
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of head and neck stabilization exercises on improving balance in older adults with forward head posture.
Materials and Methods: Thirty elderly participants with forward head posture and Mean±SD age of 65.7±5.2 years were examined. The forward head posture was measured by plumb line and craniovertebral angle. Elderly balance was evaluated before and after 8 weeks of head and neck stabilization exercises with Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Functional Reach (FR) tests. The paired t-test was used to examine the changes that occurred after the intervention.
Results: The results showed that head and neck stabilization exercises in the elderly significantly changed TUG test (8.3 s before the intervention, 7.8 s after the intervention; P=0.03) and FR test (23.4 cm before the intervention, 24.7 cm after the intervention; P=0.01) omitted. No significant statistical changes were observed in the amount of the craniovertebral angle after the intervention.
Conclusion: Based on the study results, performing the head and neck stabilization exercises did not cause significant changes in the craniovertebral angle but improved the dynamic balance of the elderly.
The Immediate Effects of Two Different Exercises on Clinical Outcomes and H-reflex in Patients With Acute Lumbosacral Radiculopathy
Authors: Fatehi Peykani Abbas , Saadat Maryam , Kashipazha Davood , Pouretezad Mohammad , Safari Hossein
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The evidence has shown that specific exercises effectively treat acute low back pain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lumbar spinal loading in both directions in the sagittal plane in patients with acute lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients with unilateral acute lumbosacral radiculopathy voluntarily participated in the study. The patients randomly performed flexion or extension back exercise ten times in three sets with 1-min rest between each set. Pain intensity, range of forward bending and straight leg raising (SLR), time of sit to stand, and soleus H-reflex were measured before and after the exercise.
Results: This study showed that flexion compared to extension loading exercises significantly improved pain intensity, SLR degree of freedom, forward bending range of motion, time of sit to stand, and H-reflex latency (P˂0.05). There was no significant improvement in the H-reflex amplitude of the patients doing either of the exercises (P=0.07).
Conclusion: Flexion loading exercises are recommended for reducing pain intensity and improving spinal mobility and neurophysiological function of the nerve root functional status in patients with acute lumbosacral radiculopathy. It seems that flexion exercises with the flatting of lumbar lordosis and opening intervertebral space reduce disk pressure and neural tissue tension.
The Effects of Corrective Exercise With and Without Visual Feedback on Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Dynamic Balance in Adolescent Female Athletes With Dynamic Knee Valgus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dadfar Mahdis , Sheikhhoseini Rahman , Eslami Rasoul , Farivar Niloufar
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of corrective-plyometric training with and without visual feedback on landing biomechanics and dynamic balance in adolescent female athletes with dynamic knee valgus (DKV).
Materials and Methods: A total of 26 adolescent female athletes were randomly divided into feedback (n=10), exercise (n=8), and control (n=8) groups. Six weeks of training with and without visual feedback were prescribed for feedback and exercise groups, respectively. Biomechanical data were measured at initial contact (IC) and maximum knee flexion (MAX) using 8 motion analysis cameras (Vicon) and a Kistler force plate. Y-balance test was employed to evaluate dynamic balance.
Results: Based on the between-group outcomes, knee flexion-extension moment at IC (P=0.026), hip internal rotation angle at IC (P=0.016), and MAX (P=0.028) significantly changed during double-leg landing. Ankle dorsiflexion angle (P=0.05), tibial external rotation angle (P=0.012), and anterior-posterior ground reaction force (P=0.05) at IC, maximum tibial external rotation angle between IC to MAX (P=0.042), and hip internal rotation angle at MAX (P=0.022) significantly changed during single-leg landing test. Y-balance significant improvements were recorded in anterior (P=0.000), posteromedial directions (P=0.000), and composite (P=0.023).
Conclusion: Corrective-plyometric exercises without visual feedback effectively improve landing biomechanics and dynamic balance in adolescent female athletes with DKV.
Comparing Plantar Pressure Distribution and Vertical Ground Reaction Force Between Healthy Subjects and Middle-aged Adults With Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD)
Authors: Memar Raghad , Farjad Pezeshk Abbas , Ghasempour Hamed
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to compare plantar pressure distribution and vertical ground reaction force between middle-aged adults with Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) and healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 21 middle-aged adults with leg length discrepancy (1.5 to 3 cm), and 10 healthy subjects participated. The plantar pressure distribution of subjects was measured using five steps with an emed platform. The data were analyzed with paired t-test, 1-way ANOVA, and symmetry index (P≤0.05).
Results: While the symmetry index did not show much asymmetry in healthy subjects, in LLD subjects, it showed lower contact time in the heel region of short limb, lower pressure, and force of the middle region of short limb, the higher pressure of forefoot region of short limb and higher pressure and force of long limb.
Conclusion: It seems that the primary contact time and weight acceptance of short limb reduced that results in higher pressure of forefoot region of the foot before push-off phase. Therefore, to dispel this problem, the LLD subjects could use orthotics to make reasonable height to the heel region and thus increase the contact time.
Effects of Pulsed Ultrasound on Knee Joint Friction and Inflammation in Non-traumatic Experimental Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ahmadi Fakhreh Mahmoud , Torkaman Giti , Ravanbod Roya
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most important etiologies of pain and disability among adults. The effects of pulsed Ultrasound (US) on pain reduction and joint function have been proven, but its role on joint friction and inflammatory mediators is still unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of US on knee joint friction and inflammation in non-traumatic experimental knee OA.
Materials and Methods: Forty-eight guinea pigs were randomly assigned into four groups: OA+US, OA+US sham, 30 days after OA induction (OA30), and normal control (n=12 for each group). OA was induced by intra-articular injection of 3 mg/kg of Mono-Iodoacetate (MIA) in the animal’s left knee. Joint circumstance and weight of the animals were measured at baseline, before (i.e., after 30 days of MIA injection), and after US treatment. Joint friction was evaluated by a pendulum friction tester system. Cytokine levels, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interleukin (IL)-1β, were measured by the ELISA method. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to study the relationships between friction and inflammation variables.
Results: Joint circumference was increased in the OA30 group. Joint friction variables, including exponential curve fitting, cycle number, and friction coefficient, were significantly better in the US group (P<0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine levels were significantly lower in the US group. A significant positive correlation was observed between joint friction indices and TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine levels (P<0.05).
Conclusion: US was an effective approach for reducing joint friction and inflammation in OA30. Moreover, the relationship between knee joint friction and inflammation could help us better understand the etiology, mechanism, and treatment strategies of this disease.
Narrative Discourse in Persian-speaking Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ghayoumi-Anaraki Zahra , Aghaz Alireza , Ghasisin Leila , Shahriyari Arash , Hemmati Ehsan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Narrative discourse is a crucial subset of discourse production that can be used to assess high levels of language processing like microlinguistic and macrolinguistic structures. Because patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have more problems at high levels of language processing, this study aims to analyze narrative discourse in MS patients and compare it with healthy people.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytic study. The study participants included 15 patients with MS and 15 healthy controls matched for age and education level. For investigating the narrative discourse, we used the Persian Narrative Discourse Test (PNDT). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the independent t-test in SPSS-24.
Results: The mean values of syntactic complexity, verbal error ratio, cohesion ratio, and coherence in Persian-speaking patients with MS were 1.40, 0.42, 1.18, 2.32, respectively. Our findings indicated that regarding the macrolinguistic measures, there is a significant difference between MS patients and healthy subjects (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the microlinguistic measures (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that narrative discourse analysis could help identify linguistic and communication problems in MS patients. Patients with MS had pragmatic language disorder.
Corticomuscular Adaptations in the SingleLeg Jump Task in Response to Progressive Mechanical Perturbation Training in Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency
Authors: Jomhouri Sarah , Talebian Saeed , Vaez Mousavi Mohammad , Hatef Bosra , Sadjadi-Hazaveh Seyed Hamid
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Studies have repeatedly discussed the importance of training with sufficient cognitive and sensory-motor challenges in successfully transferring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiencies (ACLDs) from rehabilitation centers to sports facilities. For this purpose, this study investigated the effect of mechanical perturbation training and standard training on the brain and muscle activity of these individuals while jumping on one leg.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 athletes with unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture (in the coper classification) were randomly assigned to perturbation and standard training groups. To compare the effect of two types of intervention training methods, we examined the Similarity Index (SI) and Voluntary Response Index (VRI) in surface Electromyography (sEMG) tests of eight muscles in the lower extremities and relative power of alpha and beta spectra in Quantitative Electroencephalographic (QEEG) tests between two groups and between two limbs of each group members in the single-leg jump task.
Results: Both training groups showed improved neuromuscular control and increased SI on sEMG tests between the two limbs. However, this improvement in the perturbation training group showed an excellent increase in Effect Size (ES) (intra-group comparison values of SI for perturbation training group P=0.0001, ES=3.6; and P=0.008, ES=1.24 in the standard training group; and P=0.04, ES=0.87 in the inter-group comparison). Regarding the post-test of QEEG tests, no significant difference was found between the two groups (alpha P-value: 0.13, beta P-value: 0.07). However, in the intra-group comparison, the perturbation training group achieved excellent symmetry for the relative power spectrum of alpha and beta signals (the similarity values between the two limbs in the perturbation training group for alpha were P=0.92, ES=0.04 and for beta were P=0.92, ES=0.02; and these values for standard training group for alpha were P=0.07, ES=0.86 and for beta as P=0.08, ES=0.87).
Conclusion: The present study results showed that mechanical perturbation and standard training are suitable for transporting ACLDs to sports environments. Furthermore, in comparing these two training methods, mechanical perturbation training in the manner used in this study has higher adequacy to eliminate motor control and central nervous system defects.
Court Fine for Violation of Forensic Examination Terms
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure Law of the North-Caucasian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Doctor of Philosophy, Bondarenko Lyudmila K.
Published: February 2022

The problem of the appointment of a court fine for violation of the terms for the provision of the results of the examination (Article 55 of the APC RF) is investigated. It is argued that the nature of the harm does not correspond to the extent of the material and legal responsibility. It is proved that the appointment of a court fine is repressive in nature. It is proposed to synchronize the tort and the amount of the sanction, in accordance with the principles of arbitration proceedings, by clarifying the legislative technique.
“Asynchronous” Judicial Procedures as a Future Model of International Arbitration
Authors:   Deputy Director of the Institute of State and International Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University, PhD (Law), Selkova Anastasia A.
Published: February 2022

The author examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted international arbitration in terms of the use of new forms of litigation. The article summarizes that parties, lawyers and arbitrators must adapt to the new reality of court hearings caused by travel restrictions and social distancing measures. Attention is drawn to one particularly topical issue: should we completely stop holding hearings directly in the courtroom and switch to a new model of sessions organized remotely through using of modern video conferencing technologies? In addition, this author attempts to develop an analytical framework for remote hearings in international arbitration. In the context of the current pandemic and its possible continuation, the author proposes certain criteria for determining the need for a remote hearing.
To the problem of brain surgery complications (review)
Authors: Shnyakin P. G. , Milekhina I. E. , Kazadaeva I. A.
Published: February 2022

The development of complications as a result of neurosurgical operations is an urgent problem nowadays. Various approaches to the classification of complications are presented in the literature. They are based on the nature of the complications, the time of development, the duration of the neurological deficit, the direct connection of the complications with the surgical intervention, methods of their treatment, etc. On the average, the complication rate ranges from 5 to 28 %. In brain operations, the risk of complications is higher than in spinal surgery. The reasons for their development are various and are associated with surgical intervention, the course of the postoperative period, the somatic status of the patient before surgery and the initial pathology that required surgical treatment. From 7 to 24 % of patients require readmission within 30 days after discharge from the hospital due to complications. There are infectious, thromboembolic complications and the appearance or growth of a neurological deficit. The development of complications is associated with a deterioration in the quality of treatment, an increased risk of patient disability and death.
Features and quantitative characteristics of the interaction of benzo[a]pyrene with fractions of the human blood plasma lipoproteins
Authors: Polyakov L. M. , Knyasev R. A. , Kotova M. V. , Soloveva E. I. , Ryabchenko A. V.
Published: February 2022

The paper considers the features and quantitative characteristics of the interaction of human blood plasma low (LDL), very low (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Material and methods. The studies were performed using preparative ultracentrifugation of human plasma lipoprotein fractions and fluorescence spectroscopy. Results. The spectral characteristics of tryptophan fluorescence of VLDL, LDL and HDL fractions during titration with B[a]P solution are presented. The interaction of LP fractions with B[a]P was accompanied by quenching of tryptophanil fluorescence: the greatest decrease in fluorescence at saturating concentrations of B[a]P was noted for the HDL fraction — over 80 %; the effect of B[a]P was weaker for LDL (65-74 %) and for VLDL (50-60 %) of the initial level. Based on the results of the tryptophan fluorescence quenching curves and taking into account the molecular weights, quantitative characteristics of the interaction of the LP fractions with B[a]P were obtained: the association constants were of the order of (1.3 - 2.5) × 10-6 M, and the number of binding sites for B[a] P on LP particles ranged from 19 for HDL and up to 43 for VLDL. Conclusion. The quantitative characteristics of the interaction obtained for the complexes of LP with B[a]P allow us to consider the LP of blood plasma as real transport forms for B[a]P and other hydrophobic compounds into the cells of organs and tissues of the body.
Magnetic resonance imaging prospects of prognostic value in women pelvic pathology
Authors: Bergen T. A. , Soynov I. A. , Fokin V. A. , Trufanov G. E.
Published: February 2022

Aim of the study was to estimate the prognostic value of perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods in systemic evaluation of perifocal changes of malignant masses in women’s pelvis. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of MRI of the pelvic organs in women was performed on MRI scanners with a magnetic field of 1.5 T (Philips Achieva, Netherlands). The retrospective study included 1,5 T MRI of 530 women with pelvis pathology. It consists of 50 % (265 cases) of malignant pelvic mass and 50 % (265 cases) of non tumor pathologies. The most common malignant pathologies were regarded: rectum cancer (n=61), ovarian cancer (n=62), uterine cancer (n=65), cervical cancer (n=77). Group with non-tumor pathology was taken as comparison group and included inflammation (abscess), adhesions and other non-tumor pelvic pathologies (pseudocyst of peritoneum, hemorrhagic cyst, endometriosis). In all cases a body coil was used on pelvic region. MRI protocols included T2-, T1 – weighted imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, postcontrast T1 - weighted imaging. apparent diffusion coefficient value and perfusion value were estimated. Results and discussion. In intergroup comparison with systemic evaluation of MRI with ANOVA we revealed that the diffusion restriction and the apparent diffusion coefficient bear potential value for disease prognosis. Conclusions. MRI can be of value not only for evaluation of local spread, as well as providing wide opportunities for differential diagnosis and use of MRI as biomarker in some diseases. Such indications as restricted diffusion, apparent diffusion coefficient value and type of dynamic curve from perifocal lesion can benefit disease prognosis.
Characterization of the parietal intestinal microbiota in colon cancer
Authors: Volkov S. V. , Lobanov S. L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Colon cancer (RCC) clinically manifests itself in the late stages, therefore, early diagnosis presents significant difficulties. There are many types of microorganisms in the human colon that form symbiosis with intestinal cells to maintain normal function. Аim of the study was to determine the composition of the parietal microflora of the colon under conditions of a tumor process and to assess the possibility of using these data in the diagnosis of colon cancer. Material and methods. The main group included 63 patients operated on for cancer (adenocarcinoma) of the left half of the colon (descending, sigmoid, rectosigmoid regions) with I T1-2N0M0, II T3-4aN0M0, III T1-2N1M0 stages of the tumor process. Among them are 32 men and 31 women aged 20 to 75 years (57.7 ± 3.8 years). In all patients, before hospitalization, the tumor was confirmed by colonoscopy followed by histological examination. The group of clinical comparison in the amount of 25 people consisted of patients with chronic hemorrhoids without exacerbation, who underwent colonoscopy. Material from the main group, biopsies of tumor tissue and visually unchanged colon mucosa, were taken intraoperatively during tumor removal. In patients of the clinical comparison group, the material was taken during the colonoscopy process. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined by a bacteriological method. Results and discussion. As a result of comparing the colon microbiota of cancer patients and the clinical comparison group, statistically significant differences in the quantitative composition of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli (typical), Escherichia coli (lactose-negative), Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp. (CNS), Candida spp. It was established for the first time that Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. and the age of the patient can be further used in the diagnosis of a malignant process. Conclusion. The created additive model can be used as an additional screening criterion in the early diagnosis of colon cancer.
The Republic of Buryatia population malignant neoplasms rate
Authors: Chimitdorzhieva T. N.
Published: February 2022

The degree of morbidity of the population of the Republic of Buryatia with malignant neoplasms without subdivision by localization from 1996 to 2019 was analyzed according to the data of the Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary. Material and methods. The data on the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population of municipalities of the Buryat Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary, expressed in intensive («rough») indicators (PI) per 100 thousand population (ppm, 0/0000) have been analyzed. The zoning of the incidence of the population has been based on the approach of medico-geographical typification of the territory. The range of indicators of the incidence of cancer in the population served as the basis for identifying four types of territories by the levels of cancer pathology: low – medium – high – very high. The dynamics of morbidity was analyzed by the average indicators of four 5-year periods (1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015) and one 4-year period (2016–2019). Cartographic processing of the material was performed using Paint.NET. The comparison of morbidity in 21 municipal districts has been carried out. In period 1, there were 4 districts with low pathology (90–134 people): Okinsky, Muisky, Tunkinsky, Zakamensky districts, and with very high pathology (225–277 cases) – 4 districts: Pribaikalsky, Kabansky, Zaigraevsky, Bauntovsky. In the second period, the Okinsky, Tunkinsky, Dzhidinsky districts had low rates (100–158 cases), and the North-Baikalsky, Ivolginsky, Selenginsky, Kurumkansky, Mukhorshibirsky districts had very high level (257 and more). In the third period: low incidence rate (100–150 cases) has been determined in Muisky, Kizhinginsky districts, very high rate (274–331 cases) – in Bauntovsky, Kabansky, Zaigraevsky, Tarbagataisky districts. In the fourth period: low pathology rate (155–212 people) was in Okinsky, Zakamensky, Muisky, Eravninsky, Ivolginsky districts, very high level (329 cases) was in Bauntovsky district. In the last four years: low case rate (138–204) was only in Okinsky district, very high pathology level (339–405 people) was in 5 districts, to Bauntovsky, Kabansky, Pribaikalsky districts were added the northern districts: Severo-Baikalsky and Barguzinsky. Territories with high indicators of malignant neoplasms include: Pribaikalsky (393.5 ± 39.9 0/0000), Kabansky (397.5 ± 21.9 0/0000), Zaigraevsky (318.2 ± 13.6 0/0000), Bauntovsky (403.6 ± 51.6 0/ 0000); with reduced ones – Zakamensky (241.1 ± 17.4 0/0000), Tunkinsky (215.9 ± 6.8 0/0000), Eravinsky (214.3 ± 16.5 0/0000), Okinsky (137.8 ± 6.1 0/0000) districts. The malignant neoplasms incidence of the population of the Republic Buryatia is high, and it is growing every year.
Gender characteristics of the circadian rhythm of carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Pinkhasov B. B. , Sorokin M. Yu. , Iankovskaia S. V. , Mikhaylova N. I. , Selyatitskaya V. G.
Published: February 2022

Aim of the study was to explore the gender characteristics of the circadian rhythm of carbohydrate metabolism in men and women with normal body weight. Materials and methods. 15 men and 22 women aged 18 to 56 entered the study and underwent clinical, antropometric, biochemical and hormonal examination. Standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed in the morning and in the evening. Results and discussion. During OGTT performed in morning time there were no differences in mean baseline blood glucose levels between men and women. However higher glucose levels at 120th minute of the test in men demonstrated relative deceleration of glucose utilization in the morning in this group. Higher glucose levels at 120th minute during OGTT in the evening both in men and women comparing with baseline results, and also higher glucose levels at 120th minute of the test in the evening comparing with morning test, indicate decreased glucose tolerance. Insulin to glucose ratio values in men at all timepoints during OGTT were comparable in the morning and in the evening, but in women they were found to be higher in the evening than in the morning. Conclusion. In evening time both in men and women with normal body weight reduced rate of glucose utilization in peripheral tissues reflects circadian rhythm of carbohydrate metabolism. Gender differences of the circadian rhythm of carbohydrate metabolism consist in reduced glucose tolerance in the morning in men comparing to women that is associated with higher waist to hip circumference ratio in men which in turn is related to cumulation of visceral adipose tissue. Presumably greater amount of visceral adipose tissue in men determines more pronounced manifestations of insulin resistance in the morning.
Comparative characteristics of human thalamus parameters in the first period of mature age and in senile age in mesocephals
Authors: Balandin A. A. , Zheleznov L. M. , Balandina I. A.
Published: February 2022

The problem of demographic aging intensity growth is increasingly raised in the scientific community. Patients belonging to the senile age group have a number of reasons that reduce their quality of life, as well as reduce the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. The most important information node involved in providing functions such as an integrative role in cognition, starting from learning and memory and ending with flexible adaptation is the structure of the intermediate brain – the thalamus. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of agerelated morphometric characteristics of human thalamuses in the first period of adulthood and in old age according to magnetic resonance imaging. Material and methods. The results of morphometric study of the thalamuses of 83 people were analyzed, which were divided into two groups based on their age. Group I included 46 people of the first period of Mature age, group II included 37 people of senile age. All patients had a history of diseases and injuries of the Central/peripheral nervous system, alcohol and drug addiction, and were right-handed. The transverse, longitudinal, and vertical parameters of the thalamuses in both hemispheres of the brain were determined. Results. It was found that the parameters of the thalamus prevail in the first period of adulthood in both men and women (p<0.01). At the same time, there was no statistically significant difference between the morphometric parameters of the thalamuses in the hemispheres, but there was a tendency to a predominance of linear dimensions in the left thalamus (p>0.05). We found a tendency to slightly exceed the indicators of the thalamus in men in comparison with the indicators established in women (p>0.05). Conclusion. The results obtained can serve as starting points as the equivalent of the anatomical age norm of the human thalamus in the first period of adulthood and senile age, which in the future will allow for a personalized approach in medical practice.
Role of bioactive lipids in metabolism of obese patients and prospects for their use in the postoperative period
Authors: Fursov A. B. , Ospanov O. B. , Fursov R. A.
Published: February 2022

The scientific review analyzes publications that prove the positive effects of bioactive lipids on human health. It is noted that certain lipids have a prophylactic effect on the body and can inhibit the development of certain diseases. The increased speed of passage of food masses after bariatric surgery affects the completeness of lipid breakdown and absorption in the stomach and small intestine. In case of significant violations, this can cause some complications in the operated patients. The effect of bioactive lipids on the metabolism of obese patients and the possibility of including lipids in the postoperative diet were analyzed.
Increased expression of autophagy and Nrf2-dependent signaling pathway genes by new monophenolic antioxidants depends on their structure
Authors: Khrapov S. E. , Kozhin P. M. , Khrapova M. V. , Serykh A. E. , Romakh L. P. , Pavlov V. S. , Chechushkov A. V. , Kholshin S. V. , Zenkov N. K. , Menshchikova E. B.
Published: February 2022

Under certain conditions, both activators and inhibitors of Nrf2-dependent signaling and autophagy can serve as potential agents for the prevention, treatment, and maintenance therapy of cancer, as well as overcoming chemoresistance. We are developing a panel of structurally related synthetic monophenolic compounds, in addition to a direct antioxidant effect, having the ability to affect intracellular signaling pathways and processes, including the above mentioned. Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between its structure and the ability to influence the expression of autophagy and Nrf2 pathway genes.

Material and methods. Five original hydrophilic phenolic structurally related compounds were synthesized; the prototypical inductor of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system, monosubstituted phenol tert-butylhydro-quinone (tBHQ), served as a reference substance. We used cultures of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells, with the test compounds at a concentration of 20 gM cells were incubated for 24 hours. Changes in mRNA expression of Nrf2, Nqo1, LC3b, and Sqstm1 genes encoding Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1, LC3B, p62/sequestosome-1, respectively, were determined by TaqMan real-time PCR.

Results and discussion. Structurally related synthetic monophenols effectively induced the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system in LLC and MCF-7 cells, increasing the expression of the Nrf2-driven Nqo1 gene, and ambiguously affected the transcription of genes of proteins mediating autophagy: the content of mRNA of the LC3B protein did not change, while the expression of mRNA of the p62 protein, which affects the operation of both systems (processes), is increased only by the action of ortho-monosubstituted phenol with an «active» sulfur atom in the para-propyl substituent TS-13 and its structural analogue TS-12 with a para-substituent shortened by one methylene. It can be assumed that the observed effect either indicates the ability of TS-13 and TS-12 both to induce the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system and to stimulate autophagy, or reflects a compound-mediated mutually reinforcing cross-activation of these processes.
Analysis of the differentiation of peripheral B-lymphocytes in pregnant women with a habitual miscarriage
Authors: Sotnikova N. Yu. , Malyshkina A. I. , Kust A. V. , Voronin D. N.
Published: February 2022

The frequency of recurrent miscarriage among all desired pregnancies is 2-5 %. The important role of immune disorders in early termination of pregnancy has been proven. Elucidation of the nature of differentiation of B-lymphocytes in women with threatened miscarriage and habitual miscarriage in the anamnesis seems relevant, since it will clarify the immune mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this pathology. Aim of the study was to assess the nature of differentiation and type of the cytokine-producing function of peripheral B lymphocytes in women with a threatening spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage in history.

Material and methods. Pregnant women aged 18-40 years at a gestation period of 5-12 weeks were examined. The main group consisted of 60 pregnant women with a threatening spontaneous abortion at the time of the examination and a history of recurrent abortion. 35 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancy were examined as a control group. The comparison group consisted of 25 primary pregnant women with threatened spontaneous abortion at the time of the examination. The material for the study was peripheral venous blood. Subpopulations of B lymphocytes CD20+CD5+, CD20+CD5-, CD19+IgD+, CD20+IgM+, CD20+IgG+; CD19+CD20-CD38+, CD19+CD27-, CD19+CD27+, CD19+IgD+CD27+, CD19+IgD+CD27-, CD20+IL-4+, CD20+IL-6+, CD20+IL-10+ were determined by the method of flow cytometry.

Results and discussion. In the main group, an increase in the proportion of B cells in the peripheral blood was recorded, mainly due to B2 lymphocytes, CD20 +IgM+ lymphocytes and memory cells, along with a decrease in the level of naive cells and plasma cells, as well as lymphocytes spontaneously expressing IL-6 and IL-10. Thus, the threatening habitual miscarriage is associated with a shift in B-lymphocyte differentiation towards immature forms. A decrease in the number of CD20+IL-10+ cells in patients of the main group can lead to a weakening of the suppressor associated with IL-10 and subsequent impairment of the maternal organism’s tolerance to a semi-allogeneic fetus. Similar changes in the differentiation and functional activity of B-lymphocytes were also observed with a threatening loss of the first pregnancy, which may indicate a single mechanism for the development of a threatening spontaneous miscarriage, the severity of which increases with repeated loss of pregnancy.
Etiological structure of neuroinfections
Authors: Nikolskaya M. V. , Melnikov V. L. , Kurmayeva D. Yu. , Vorobyeva E. A. , Afonin A. V. , Aftaeva L. N.
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to study the etiological structure and epidemiological features of infectious diseases that occur with central nervous system damage in hospitalized patients.

Material and methods. A retrospective study of the medical histories of 376 patients with meningitis and encephalitis was conducted.

Results and discussion. At the pre-hospital stage, only 198 (52.6 %) patients were diagnosed with «meningitis, encephalitis», which indicates that primary care physicians are not sufficiently alert to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). When studying the epidemiological history, contact with infectious patients was noted in 69 (18.3 %) patients. The structure of neuroinfections in hospitalized patients was dominated by meningitis (334 cases - 88.8 %), encephalitis was found in 42 (11.2 %) patients. Among meningitis, purulent processes (205 people - 61.4 %) prevailed over serous ones (127 patients - 38.0 %); 2 patients were diagnosed with mycotic meningitis. In adults, the etiology of the disease was clarified in 58 (44.6 %) of 130 patients with bacterial meningitis and in 22 (27.8 %) of 79 with serous meningitis; among children - in 60 (80 %) of 75 patients with purulent meningitis and in 23 (47.9 %) of 48 with serous processes. Encephalitis and meningoencephalitis were detected in 30 adult patients and 12 children. The etiology of encephalitis was established in 13 (43.35) adults and 4 (25 %) children.
Current views on the role of fatty acids in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (review)
Authors: Astafyeva O. V. , Zharkova Z. V. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Bashkina O. A. , Samotrueva M. A.
Published: February 2022

An additional informative tool in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in the early stages can be the analysis of changes in the fatty acid profile, which can be considered as a marker of various pathological conditions. The study of the effects of fatty acids and the mechanisms of changes in the fatty acid profile in connection with cardiovascular diseases remains relevant. We have analyzed modern data from foreign and domestic literature on issues related to the importance of fatty acids as possible markers in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Basic information about the structure of fatty acids, their functions in the human body, the relationship between the level of free fatty acids and indicators of the development of pathological processes of the cardiovascular system is presented. The factors influencing the dynamics of fatty acid concentrations both in normal conditions and during the development of pathological processes are reflected. The processes of biochemical modification of the fatty acid composition of the lipid matrix of the cell membrane are considered. The expediency of using fatty acids, together with some protein markers in the diagnosis of diseases of the cardiovascular system, has been shown. The collection and analysis of the accumulated information on the role of fatty acids helps to optimize the use of laboratory markers to determine the stages of pathogenesis of circulatory organ damage, to develop a system for evaluating the effectiveness of therapy for cardiovascular diseases, and to create a set of laboratory and instrumental tests for monitoring the condition of patients.
Sex hormones and adaptive potential of the circulatory system in men of the European and Asian North
Authors: Molodovskaya I. N. , Tipisova E. V. , Alikina V. A. , Elfimova A. E.
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results that reveal the features of the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the level of dopamine in apparently healthy men with different adaptive potential of the circulatory system, taking into account age and territory of residence. Material and methods. The study involved 155 men (90 residents of the European North (Arkhangelsk Oblast) and 65 residents of the Asian North (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)) aged 22–59 years. Serum hormone levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis were determined by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay in vitro analysis. The adaptive potential was calculated according to R.M. Baevsky. Results and its discussion. The functional tension of the mechanisms of adaptation of the circulatory system in men of the European North and unsatisfactory adaptation in men of the Asian North were revealed. In the studied regions of the North, there are no people with good and satisfactory adaptation, and the group of people with a breakdown in adaptation was identified only in the Asian North in men aged 45–59 years, which allows us to classify these subjects as a risk group for developing cardiovascular diseases. In men of the European North, the unsatisfactory adaptation was combined with an increase in the levels of prolactin (at the age of 22–44 years) and follitropin (at the age of 45–59 years) and a decrease in the level of sex hormone-binding globulin (at the age of 22–44 years). A decrease in the levels of total and free testosterone can be attributed to the key markers of failure of adaptation in men of the Asian North aged of 45–59 years. When analyzing the data of the entire surveyed population of men aged 22–59 years, an increase in aromatase activity was noted against the background of a decrease in testosterone levels in men of the European North with the 4th degree of adaptive potential and in men of the Asian North with the 5th degree of adaptive potential, which can be considered as a compensatory reaction to preserve the function of the cardiovascular system.
Prospects for the use of nanostructured silver preparations for the control of infections diseases, including COVID-19
Authors: Burmistrov V. A. , Bogdanchikova N. E. , Gyusan A. O. , Uraskulova B. B. , Almanza-Reyes H. , Alvаrado-Vera M. , Plascencia-Lopez I. , Pestryakov A. N. , Rachkovskaya L. N. , Letyagin A. Yu.
Published: February 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted significant gaps in human protection from infection. There is a real and fairly high probability of new infections that pose a danger to humans. To combat (prevention and treatment) this kind of infections, new types of drugs are needed, which differ in their mechanism of action from existing antimicrobial agents and vaccines, and thus complement them. These drugs should have complex universal activity against pathogens, regardless of their type (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) and, in general, increase the resistance of the macroorganism to infection by pathogenic agents, stimulate nonspecific immunity, both general and local. In this regard, preparations of nanostructured silver are promising. The properties of silver nanoparticles depend on their structure, shape, size, morphology, ligand environment and preparation method. Argovit represents nanosilver formulation with optimized biochemical and toxicological characteristics. Argovit effectiveness for combating infectious pathogens in various fields of medicine was shown for: intestinal infections of various etiologies; acute respiratory viral infections and associated bacterial complications; purulent surgery, diabetic foot; drug resistant forms of tuberculosis; viral infections caused by both DNA and RNA viruses. In the clinic, argovit effectiveness in protection from coronavirus infection and for treatment of the early stages of COVID-19 disease on volunteers was shown.