bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing urban spatial patterns within the implemented urban planned areas using GIS and remote sensing data
Authors: Enoguanbhor E. C.
Published: May 2023

In the developing world, including Sub-Saharan Africa, reports have indicated that urban planning as a strategic instrument has not been able to guide urban spatial patterns and this poses challenges to improving urban environmental sustainability. The current study combined a city land use plan, Geographical Information Systems, and remotely sensed data to evaluate urban spatial patterns within areas where the city plan is reported to have been implemented to support strategic actions for urban environmental sustainability. Focusing on Abuja city, Nigeria, the study deployed a supervised classification on Landsat 8 remotely sensed data to analyze spatial patterns of urban land cover types, computed transition change detections and compared the urban impervious surface to the area of land designated for urban development by the city plan. Key findings indicated that the land areas designated for urban development have not been fully developed and the transition from urban green space is the highest transition from other land cover types to urban impervious surface. The baseline information provided in this study is crucial to inform decision-makers on improving and maintaining the implementation of strategic actions for urban environmental sustainability in Sub-Saharan African cities and other parts of the developing world.
Diversification of Livelihood from Animal Waste and by-Product for Small and Marginal Farmers in India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Mahua , Mehta Shivani , Singh Pragya , Singh Mahak , Pongener Nungshitula
Published: May 2023

Background: Utilization of livestock waste and by products are always considered to be an important source of livelihood for environment protection and agricultural development. The study explores the prospective scope of livestock waste utilization by dwelling into the livestock holdings and their health profile, waste management and bio-security practices for sustainable livelihoods of small and marginal livestock farmers of tribal belts. Methods: With an empirical survey, an analysis is made on the waste management practices in selective states of North East India (Assam, Meghalaya and Nagaland). The percentage and average method were applied to understand the management practices of pig production system. In the qualitative tools mainly Focused Group Discussion (FGD) and Interview methods were used to understand the perception of people on waste management. Result: It is found that the untreated waste is utilized in field and only 2% of farmers use the manure in pisciculture where waste is used in its integrated form. A comprehensive model of treating and marketing the livestock waste and by products with the application of modern technology can not only contribute in augmenting the income but will also help in quality restoration of natural resources in rural areas.
Role of Betaine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Transportation Stress and Shrinkage Loss of Broilers during the Summer Season
Authors: Chitrio K.E. , Kadam M.M. , Gole M.A. , Bhaisare D.B. , Patil A.R. , Chopde S.V.
Published: May 2023

Background: Heat stress is a major concern in the poultry industry as it causes heavy economic losses. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of betaine supplementation on growth performance, transportation stress and shrinkage loss of broilers during the summer season. Methods: An experiment was conducted on broiler chicks (n=234), reared in the deep litter up to the 42ndday on diets with or without betaine. The day-old chicks were randomly distributed into three dietary treatment groups viz., Control (Birds fed on a basal diet), T1 (Birds fed on a basal diet, supplemented with Optibetaine @ 1 kg/ton of feed), T2 (Birds fed on a basal diet, supplemented with Betaine HCL @ kg/ton of feed). Each dietary treatment comprised six replicates of thirteen birds each. Result: It was found thatbirds supplemented with betaine significantly improved in LBW/BWG. Supplementation of optibetaine performed best in comparison with betaine HCL and Control group birds by reducing mortality percentage by 2.56% and 6.41% respectively. NCDV HI titre gives numerically high values in betaine supplemented groups. Cellular immunity at the 42nd day of age improved due to optibetaine supplementation. The rise in corticosterone concentration due to transportation stress was more in control group and less in the betaine supplemented group. There was no significant effect on the serum glucose level.The optibetaine supplementation group shows lower shrinkage loss.
Obstetrical Emergencies in Domestic Cats
Authors: Sophia X. , Jayakumar C. , Hiron M.H. , Abhilash R.S.
Published: May 2023

Background: The adaptability of kittens as indoor pets and the unique situation presented by Covid 19 pandemic led to a flourish in cat breeding and sales. This has led to an increased number of feline obstetric cases presented to veterinary clinical settings during the last two years. Dystocia in dogs is well referenced, but it has received less attention and documentation in cats. Hence, a retrospective study of obstetric emergencies in cats was made. Methods: This study reviewed the incidence, treatment and outcomes of 48 feline obstetric emergencies presented to University Veterinary Hospital, Mannuthy, Kerala during the calendar year 2021. The data was analysed and represented according to the presenting complaint, causes of dystocia as maternal or foetal, diagnostic modes, outcome to medical or surgical treatment adopted and exceptional reasons for obstetric emergencies in cats. Result: Dystocia (n= 45), uterine torsion (n= 3), ectopic pregnancy (n= 2) and uterine prolapse (n= 1) were the obstetric emergencies recorded during this study. 75.56 per cent of feline dystocia were due to maternal factors and 24.44 per cent due to foetal factors and in three patients, uterine torsion was identified as the cause of dystocia. Medical management was successful in 45.71% and surgical management was adopted in 48.89% cases. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in cats identified with torsion of uterus, prolapsed uterus and ectopic pregnancies.
Impact of Engineering Research Experience Programs on Domestic and International Undergraduate Students
Authors:   exas A&M University, Richard Jacques , Yoon So Yoon ,   University of Cincinnati
Published: May 2023

A total of 126 domestic and international undergraduate students attended a research experience program in engineering during the summers of 2017 to 2019. We explored how the programs affected domestic and international undergraduate students’ experiences in research, mentoring, and career goals differently from their expectations. A total of 87 students responded to at least one of the prepost surveys, whereas 45 students responded to both prepost surveys. All students expected to gain more research knowledge in hard skills but acknowledged significant acquisitions of professionalism in soft skills. All students expected faculty to be the most influential mentors, but domestic students ranked peers as their second most influential mentors. Domestic students slightly decreased their interest in graduate school while international students preferred a job after graduation.
Starting conversations about intimacy and sexuality: designing a tool for healthcare professionals and older adults in long-term care
Authors:   Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Deventer, Netherlands, van der Slui Sonja , van Os-Medendorp Harmieke ,   Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, Netherlands, Voortman-Overbeek Karin ,   Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, Netherlands, Buwalda Ingrid ,   Liberein, Enschede, Netherlands, Den Ouden Marjolein ,   Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, Netherlands, Sant Noëlle ,   Vilans, National Centre of Expertise for Long-term Care in the Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands, Thalen Jos ,   Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, Netherlands, Jukema Jan S. ,   Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, Netherlands
Published: May 2023

Background: Intimacy and sexuality are essential aspects of quality of life for older adults in long-term care. Numerous tools and interventions are available to support healthcare professionals in their conversations about intimacy and sexuality but they are often unfamiliar with these, or do not know when or how to use them. Aim: To develop a tool to help healthcare professionals choose from existing interventions to facilitate conversations with older adults on the subject of intimacy and sexuality. Methods: A design study, comprising five substudies and 16 workshops, was carried out in inpatient and outpatient settings for older adults. Participants were healthcare and design professionals, older adults and their relatives, undergraduate students and researchers. Data collection and analysis took place in several iterations, with insights from one phase guiding the design of the next. Findings: A paper brochure and a digital knowledge programme (IntiME) was developed to inform the selection of interventions and tools to initiate conversations about intimacy and sexuality with older adults. Initial experiences with IntiME suggest it can support healthcare professionals in this area. Conclusions: The IntiME tool has the potential to improve person-centred care around intimacy and sexuality by matching the personal characteristics of healthcare professionals and older adults with available interventions and tools. Further research into experiences with the use of IntiME is warranted. Implications for practice: IntiME has the potential to improve person-centred care by matching the personal characteristics of staff and older adults with available interventions and tools Co-creation with older adults and staff plays an important part in designing tools for person-centred care Using IntiME may help staff become more aware of their own needs and thereby enhance competence in conversations about intimacy and sexuality
Implementing workplace wellness in healthcare settings: lessons learned from the SEED wellness team reflective journaling
Authors:   Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health  District, NSW, Australia, Everingham Ruth , Pai Padmini ,   Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health  District, NSW, Australia
Published: May 2023

Background: This article shares the reflection journey of a newly formed workplace wellness team, whose members documented their experience throughout an eight-week project using reflective journaling. Reflection was seen as a valuable tool for developing greater self-awareness and insight into team dynamics. Sharing reflections among the team also served to strengthen bonds and provided a chance to discuss challenges that were faced. Aim: To demonstrate the importance of promoting and prioritising the practice of reflection amid the high workload intensity of a busy healthcare environment. Conclusion: A diverse group of healthcare workers was able to identify the value of dedicated worktime for reflection while meeting the demands of project targets and tight time frames. Implications for practice: Personal and team reflective practice offers teambuilding opportunities for newly formed teams along with time for confidence building, self-improvement and connecting with others Timely documentation of these reflections can give immediate insight into challenges individuals or the entire team may be experiencing, thus allowing prompt response and adjustments, in addition to creating a record for personal and team learnings over time To ensure engagement in, and sustainability of, wellness-oriented reflective practice, both bottom-up and top-down commitment is required
El impacto de las exportaciones de cobre y sus concentrados del Perú hacia la república popular de china: Un análisis de la relación comercial bilateral durante los años 2005 y 2018
Authors: Napa Alva Rosario Del Pilar , Nicole Gomez Deza Jhoselyn Lucia , Abanto Young María Paz , Gomez Tejada Paul Marcelo , Olaza Alvarado Xiomara Waleska , Moscoso Cuaresma Julio Ricardo
Published: May 2023

La política comercial china para América Latina representa uno de los planes estratégicos de mayor envergadura para fortalecer los lazos comerciales, económicos y financieros con los países de esta región. Distintos países latinoamericanos están observando con positivismo la posibilidad de integrarse comercial y económicamente a China a través de relaciones bilaterales que incluyan la firma de los tratados de libre comercio. Esta investigación de metodología cuantitativa con un enfoque no experimental longitudinal, analiza el impacto que tuvo la subscripción del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre el Perú y China en las exportaciones de minerales de cobre y sus concentrados, cuya partida arancelaria es la que más se exporta desde el Perú a China en la década de 2010.Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que las exportaciones de minerales de cobre y sus concentrados del Perú a China aumentaron significativamente luego de la firma de dicho tratado, generado un impacto positivo en el desarrollo económico del Perú y expansión comercial. Estos beneficios resultan ventajosos para la relación bilateral entre estos dos países, pero sobre todo para la mejora económica del Perú.
Conflict-Sensitive Social Protection: Sudan Country Report
Authors: Birch Izzy
Published: May 2023

This is one of three country case studies (the others being of Kenya and Somalia) that explore the interaction between social protection and conflict in the Horn of Africa. It summarises the principal elements of social protection in Sudan, with a particular focus on social safety nets and humanitarian social assistance, and discusses these from a conflict-sensitivity perspective.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU MGMP MATEMATIKA SMP WILAYAH KABUPATEN JEMBER TIMUR DALAM PEMANFAATAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS WEB INTERAKTIF PADA POKOK BAHASAN HIMPUNAN, RELASI, DAN FUNGSI
Authors: Halikin Ikhsanul , Tirta I Made , Kusbudiono Kusbudiono
Published: May 2023

Munculnya COVID 19 yang berkepenjangan menyebabkan pembelajaran di semua tingkat, termasuk pembelajaran di SMA, dilakukan secara daring. Dalam pembelajaran secara daring sangat dirasakan perlunya media pembelajaran yang memungkinkan siswa belajar secara aktif. Salah satu yang termasuk media pembelajaran jenis ini adalah media pembelajaran online yang bersifat dinamik dan interaktif.   Jurusan Matematika FMIPA Universitas Jember telah mengembangkan  media pembelajaran melalui web interaktif (https://statslab-rshiny.fmipa.unej.ac.id/RDoc/Himpunan/) yang dapat diakses oleh siswa kapan pun dan dimana pun,  sebagai salah satu upaya untuk membuat  pembelajaran daring lebih optimal. Dalam pengabdian ini dilakukan  kegiatan pemaparan dan pelatihan kepada guru MGMP Matematika SMP Wilayah Kabupaten Jember Timur mengenai penerapan web dalam proses pembelajaran yang interaktif terutama untuk pokok bahasan himpunan, relasi, dan fungsi. Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dua tahap, yaitu kegiatan secara offline di SMP Negeri 1 Mumbulsari dilanjutkan dengan komunikasi secara online selama latihan memanfaatkan web. Hasil pengamatan selama berlangsungnya proses kegiatan dan umpan balik terhadap kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya antusiasme dan respon yang sangat baik dari para guru.
Pirâmide dos alimentos adaptada para crianças autistas
Authors: Melo Glória Maria Soares , Cavalcante Jorge Luís Pereira
Published: May 2023

A pirâmide dos alimentos é uma forma representativa de orientação e educação nutricional. Ela pode ser utilizada em indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA), um distúrbio neurológico que leva ao atraso na comunicação, interação social, movimentos repetitivos e seletividade alimentar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma pirâmide adaptada para crianças autistas de três a cinco anos. Tratou-se de um estudo bibliográfico e metodológico, cuja pirâmide foi construída de uma dieta padrão de 1.575 kcal, incluindo porções em gramas e medidas caseiras para oito grupos de alimentos e suas equivalências energéticas, por meio do software Dietbox. A dieta foi distribuída em seis refeições com 19,2% de proteínas, 53,8% de carboidratos e 27,1% de lipídeos. A pirâmide proposta é uma ferramenta de intervenção nutricional que poderá proporcionar inclusão social por meio de um maior elo entre as crianças com TEA e suas condições alimentares e nutricionais.
Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para avaliar a sustentabilidade rural das comunidades da região francesa da Occitânia
Authors: Sequeira Leandro Tortosa , Sauer Leandro , Ayres Fabio Martins
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da sustentabilidade rural nos Polos de Equilíbrio Territorial e Rural (PETR) da Occitânia, França, utilizando o Índice de Sustentabilidade Rural (RSI) como ferramenta de inferência estatística. Foi construído com base nas dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável: Social, Econômica, Ambiental e Institucional. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa é qualiquantitativa, bibliográfica e documental, baseada em dados secundários fornecidos pelo governo francês. Os resultados revelaram que, até o ano de 2022, metade das comunidades produtivas teve um desempenho positivo e metade teve de otimizar esforços para a sustentabilidade, com os melhores desempenhos gerais ocorrendo nas dimensões Ambiental, Social e Institucional, com a dimensão Econômica apresentando o maior potencial de melhoria. O RSI apresenta-se como uma ferramenta relevante para apoiar a formulação de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento rural, pois permite uma comparabilidade confiável entre as localidades, independentemente de seu porte econômico ou populacional.
Editorial
Authors: Equipe Editorial
Published: May 2023

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Biclonal Gammapathies
Authors: Hadrach Safaa
Published: May 2023

Bi-clonal gammopathy is distinguished by the presence of two different or distinct monoclonal proteins, due to a proliferation of two distinct monoclonal plasma cell clones. A single monoclonal clone can give rise to two different monoclonal proteins. In this report, we present three cases of biclonal multiple myeloma and one case of Waldenstrom's disease that exhibits two biclonal peaks. Serum protein electrophoresis showed two M bands on serum protein electrophoresis.
Atypical Prostatic Stromal Sarcoma Presented with T2WI Central Heterogeneous Hyperintense Lesion Showing Peripheral Zone & Peri Prostatic Fat Invasion
Authors: Mazroa Jehan Abdelghany , Almakhalas Khalid A , Bashanfer Galal A
Published: May 2023

We present a case of neglected atypical high grade prostatic stromal sarcoma (PSS) at the transitional zone , invading the peripheral zone, prostatic capsule & peri prostatic fat reaching to pelvic side wall, it showed T2WI hyperintense signal (compared to typical cases of PSS showing T2WI hypointense signal) corresponding to developing on top of pre-existing nodular hyperplasia.

Careful reviewing of prostatic central / transitional zone lesions is mandatory especially at T2WI, diffusion & contrast images to exclude malignancy which can be easily missed due to multiple signal patterns described. Most common tumors at transitional zone is stromal sarcoma which could be typical showing T2 hypointense signal or atypical showing T2 hyperintense signal intensity.
The Use of Soxhlet Techniques in the Essential Oil Extraction from Anise Seeds (Pimpinella anisum)
Authors: Sukasri Arifah , Utomo Wahyu Budi , Sjafruddin Rahmiah , Nursam Muhammad
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT. Anise seeds can be processed into essential oils by steam distillation and solvent extraction. This research aims to produce a high oil yield by determining the optimum conditions of extraction, extracting anise seeds according to optimum conditions, producing anise oil with good quality based on 90% alcohol solubility analysis, analyzing the acid number, and conducting GC-MS analysis. The Activity Method was carried out by determining the optimum conditions of extraction on the effect of the variation in the ratio between anise seed powder and petroleum ether. Furthermore, based on optimal conditions, extraction was carried out at a temperature of 60°C, 5 hours with 5 repetitions. The results of essential oils were analyzed including solubility analysis, oil acid number, and GC-MS. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at the ratio of anise seeds and petroleum ether 1:12.5 with an average oil yield of 4.72%. The results of the analysis showed that anise oil had good quality based on the oil solubility in 90% alcohol with a 1:7 ratio. The acid number of anise seed oil was obtained at 1.14444. GC-MS analysis showed that anise seed oil contained estragol, anethole, limonene, fenchone, and anis ketone.
The effect of muscle flexibility on the passing ability of football school players of nusa fc u 14-17 in padang
Authors: Ratiyono  , Pelana Ramdan , Wenly Ayu Purnama , Nasution Harry Syahputra
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the relationship between flexibility and passing skills in soccer games. This research is a type of correlational research. The population in this study were all players of Nuansa FC U 14-17 Padang City, totaling 25 players. This sampling was done by using a saturated sample technique, namely the entire population of the study, so the sample in this study was 25 football players Nuansa FC U 14-17 Padang City. The instrument used in this research is flexibility measured by sit and reach flexibility test and passing ability is measured using short pass test. The data analysis technique uses the product moment correlation analysis technique (simple correlation and multiple correlation) using SPSS with a significant level of = 0.05. The results of the study are that there is a significant relationship with r count of 0.863 between flexibility and passing skills in soccer players at SMA Negeri 15 Padang. . Based on the results of statistical analysis, it can be concluded that flexibility can affect the football passing skills of Nuansa FC U 14-17 players in Padang City.
Functional and Clinical Outcomes After Plate Osteosynthesis Versus Intramedullary Nailing of a Humeral Shaft Fracture
Authors: Den Hartog Dennis , Mahabier Kiran C. , Van Bergen Saskia H. , Verhofstad Michael H.J. , Van Lieshout Esther M.M. ,   on behalf of the HUMMER Investigators
Published: May 2023

Background:

Plate osteosynthesis (referred to throughout as plating) and intramedullary nailing (referred to throughout as nailing) are the most common operative strategies for humeral shaft fractures. However, it is undecided which treatment is more effective. This study aimed to compare functional and clinical outcomes of these treatment strategies. We hypothesized that plating would result in an earlier recovery of shoulder function and fewer complications.

Methods:

From October 23, 2012, to October 3, 2018, adults with a humeral shaft fracture, OTA/AO type 12A or 12B, were enrolled in a multicenter, prospective cohort study. Patients were treated with plating or nailing. Outcome measures included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Constant-Murley score, ranges of motion of the shoulder and elbow, radiographic healing, and complications until 1 year. Repeated-measure analysis was done with correction for age, sex, and fracture type.

Results:

Of the 245 included patients, 76 were treated with plating and 169 were treated with nailing. Patients in the plating group were younger, with a median age of 43 years compared with 57 years for the nailing group (p < 0.001). The mean DASH score after plating improved faster over time, but did not differ significantly from the score after nailing at 12 months (11.7 points [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.6 to 15.7 points]) for plating and 11.2 points [95% CI, 8.3 to 14.0 points] for nailing). The Constant-Murley score and shoulder abduction, flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation displayed a significant treatment effect (ptreatment ≤ 0.001), in favor of plating. The plating group had 2 implant-related complications, whereas the nailing group had 24, including 13 nail protrusions and 8 screw protrusions. Plating resulted in more postoperative temporary radial nerve palsy (8 patients [10.5%] compared with 1 patient [0.6%]; p < 0.001) and a trend toward fewer nonunions (3 patients [5.7%] compared with 16 patients [11.9%]; p = 0.285) than nailing.

Conclusions:

Plating of a humeral shaft fracture in adults results in faster recovery, especially of shoulder function. Plating was associated with more temporary nerve palsies, but fewer implant-related complications and surgical reinterventions, than nailing. Despite heterogeneity in implants and surgical approach, plating seems to be the preferred treatment option for these fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Creative Behavior in the Online Fashion Business
Authors: Indriyani Ratih , Christanto Kevin
Published: May 2023

Fashion secror has been increasing in Indonesia.Creativity is important thing for an online business to be able to survive and compete in the digital market. Some variables that can improve creative behavior are accurate market orientation and effective use of social media. The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of market orientation and social media usage on creative behavior in online businesses in the fashion sector in Surabaya. By using purposive sampling method, 132 online businesses in the fashion sector in Surabaya have been selected as respondents. This research used quantitative approach of this explanatory using partial least square. Result of this study describe that market orientation  has a significant influence on creative behavior, on the other side, social media usage has usage has a significant influence on creative behavior . This research also show that market orientation  has significant influence on creative behavior throug social media usage  among online businesses fashion sector in Surabaya.
The Influence of Local Government Expenditures for Education and and Education Levels on Poverty Levels in Aceh Province
Authors: Mukthadila Indah
Published: May 2023

This study intends to assess the impact of government spending and education onpoverty alleviation. Panel data is used from 2015 to 2019 in 23 districts/cities inAceh Province to analyze the impact of government spending on education and the number of graduates in poverty alleviation. The results of the study show that high school/vocational high school graduates and undergraduates contribute significantly to poverty alleviation. This study reveals that government spending on education and graduates at the elementary, junior high, diploma, and master/doctoral levels does not have a direct impact on poverty reduction. This study recommends that the Provincial Government of Aceh provide various alternative secondary education services in accordance with the educational model needed to obtain good human resources in terms of education. In addition, it is hoped that the realization of spending on education can improve or increase access and facilities in areas that still lack facilities and teaching staff so that all Indonesian people get an equal education. Then, the government must start programs such as entrepreneurship training so that graduates are able to open new business opportunities which are ultimately expected to be able to improve the living standards of the people of Aceh Province and get out of the cycle of poverty.
Determinants Of Non-Performing Loans In Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyowatie Yohana Wahyu , Hariadi Sugeng
Published: May 2023

Non-performing loans (NPLs) are a typical sign of stress testing from financial institutions and may be used to measure the financial system's health. The critical criterion for achieving financial system stability is macroeconomic stability. Instability in the financial system (financial crisis) impairs a bank's liquidity and might lead to more problematic loans, impacting other industries. The association between NPL and numerous macroeconomic variables, including Interest Rate Spreads, Inflation, Percentage of Open Disruption, and Amount of Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia, is examined in this paper. The study used the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method to estimate data for a sample period of 2000 to 2020. In the long run, inflation factors, the number of open jobless, and the number of foreign exchange reserves all substantially impacted the ratio of non-performing loans, according to the findings. However, no variables influenced the percentage of non-performing loans in the short run.
Drilling in the Digital Age: Case Studies of Field Testing a Real-Time ROP Optimization System Using Machine Learning
Authors: Al-Riyami N. , Revheim O. , Robinson T. S. , Batruny P. , Meor Hakeem M. H. , Tze Ping G.
Published: May 2023

O&G operators seek to reduce CAPEX by reducing unit development costs. In drilling operations this is achieved by reducing flat time and bit-on-bottom time. For the last five years, we have leveraged data generated by drilling operations and machine learning advancements in drilling operations. This work is focused on field test results using a real-time global Rate of Penetration (ROP) optimization solution, reducing lost time from sub-optimal ROPs. These tests were conducted on offshore drilling operations in West Africa and Malaysia, where live recommendations provided by the optimization software were implemented by the rig crews in order to test real-world efficacy for improving ROP. The test wells included near-vertical and highly deviated sections, as well as various formations, including claystones, sandstones, limestones and siltstones. The optimization system consisted of a model for estimating ROP, and an optimizer algorithm for generating drilling parameter values that maximize expected ROP, subject to constraints. The ROP estimation model was a deep neural network, using only surface parameters as inputs, and designed to maximize generalizability to new wells. The model was used out-of-the-box, with no specific retraining for the field testing.

During field-tests, increased average ROP was observed after following recommendations provided by the optimizer. Compared to offset wells, higher average ROP values were recorded. Furthermore, drilling was completed ahead of plan in both cases. In the Malaysian test well, following the software's advice yielded an increase in ROP from 10.4 to 31 m/h over a 136 m drilling interval. In the West Africa well, total depth was reached ∼24 days ahead of plan, and ∼2.4 days ahead of the expected technical limit. Importantly, the optimization system provided value in operations where auto-driller technologies were used. This work showcases field-test results and lessons learnt from using machine learning to optimize ROP in drilling operations. The final plug-and-play model improves cycle efficiency by eliminating model training before each well and allows instantaneous, real-time intervention. This deployable model is suitable to be utilized anytime, anywhere, with retraining being optional. As a result, minimizing the invisible lost time from sub-optimal ROP and reducing costs associated with on-bottom drilling for any well complexity and in any location is now part of the standard real-time operation solutions. This deployment of technology shows how further optimization of drilling time and reduction in well cost is achievable through utilization of real time data and machine learning.
Effective Wellbore Cleaning Design, Treatment and Execution to Remove Invert Emulsion Fluids Residue in a Challenge Gas Well
Authors: Olivares Tulio , Al-Zahrani Walid , Hassan Islam , Seid Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Wellbore cleaning is a vital link between drilling operations and well completion to secure the massive time and money invested to drill the hole intervals by removing drilling fluids residues, pipe dope, and other debris from the wellbore. The well production can be sustained in the long-term by properly accomplishing this step, promoting technical and operational efficiencies. This paper presents an effective customized treatment design and successful execution of a wellbore cleaning case study.

The Wellbore cleaning process is a combination of both mechanical and chemical means, a cleanout string of scraper, brush, magnets, and pill train of surfactants, and solvents are expected to retrieve debris and displace mud residues leaving the wellbore water wet, whose efficiencies can be judged through return fluids Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Since different wells vary in geometry, depths, and mud components, a custom design for the wellbore cleaning process is mandatory to guarantee satisfying treatment outputs, the design includes cleanout string parts and spacing, besides solvents and surfactants pills train additives, and volume.

Extensive lab testing was performed to customize the proper wellbore cleaning design to remove inverted emulsion fluids (IEF) residues from casing and tubing in the studied challenge gas well. The casing pickling was executed with 150 barrels (bbl) of solvent and surfactant chemical cleaning Spacers containing 630 gallons (gal) of locally manufactured solvent and 378 gal of locally manufactured surfactant displacing the wellbore water with clean water.

The water returns NTU and TSS of 47 and 0.03 % Solids respectively were achieved at 179 bbl after the high viscosity tail spacer of the casing pickling. The Cleanout Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) was subsequently pulled out of the hole free from IEF residues and water wet, demonstrating the good cleaning performance of the locally formulated Chemistries. Similarly, the Tubing Pickling was executed with 54 bbl of Chemical cleaning spacer containing 990 gal of solvent. The water returns NTU and TSS of 38 and 0.02 % Solids respectively were achieved at 168 bbl after the high viscosity tail Spacer of the tubing pickling. In a conclusion, the low NTU and TSS values confirmed the effective wellbore cleaning design and treatment.

In this paper, we will be presenting a custom treatment design and successful execution of a wellbore cleaning case study from a chemical perspective, using 100% locally developed chemistries, that are environmentally friendly and readily available in-country, adding the value of lead time and optimized cost to drilling operations, where selected treatments could achieve targeted return fluids NTU and TSS within competitive displacement volume for both casing and tubing.
Successful Development and Deployment of a Novel Inhibited Cement System
Authors: Alkhalaf Sara , Alyami Abdullah , Wagle Vikrant , Alsafran Ali
Published: May 2023

Potassium chloride (KCl) is typically used in the formulation of cement spacers to inhibit the shales from swelling and dispersion. It serves as a shale inhibitor during cementing operations to ensure good wellbore integrity. To obtain optimum inhibition, a high concentration of KCl might be required. A massive amount of potassium chloride will lead to a negative impact on the environment, cement slurry setting time, and wireline logging methods. This work aims to design and synthesize a novel inhibited cement system with an improved shale inhibition performance and wellbore integrity without harming the ecosystem.

A spacer and cement formulation utilizing a novel mixture of different high molecular weight polyamines have been prepared successfully and compared against conventional formulations. Our study includes dispersion testing using representative shale samples and spacer compatibility with water-based drilling fluids and cement. The compatibility investigation included rheology testing, thickening time testing, compressive strength measurements, and free water tests.

The study shows that KCl concentration should be monitored carefully to avoid cement immature settings. KCl salt also resulted in improper wellbore integrity due to its low performance in shale inhibition compared to amines. Amines did not result in retardation nor acceleration of cement setting. Representative shale dispersion with cement filtrates and spacers show a high dispersion recovery factor of 96.5%, with the novel polyamine additive compared to 82% with potassium chloride.

We illustrated detailed experimental and field applications of a novel mixture of different high molecular-weight polyamines. Contrary to conventional KCl, the new formulation resulted in improved shale inhibition and enhanced wellbore integrity. The value of this study was further validated by the successful execution of cementing a casing installed in a water-sensitive shale formation.
Degradable Plug Technology Holds Pressure for 32 Hours and Eliminates Risk of Intervention in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Al-Obaid Hashem , Al-Mulhim Bassam , Ashby Scott , Alyousef Abdulmuin
Published: May 2023

Plug and perf technique is a common method to unlock the potential of tight gas formations. The conventional method is to set millable plugs to establish zonal isolation between target stages. A new degradable frac plug has been introduced for high pressure and high temperature applications in sandstone formations plug and perf hydraulic fracturing operations. The development and deployment of the degradable frac plugs that are capable of holding 32 hours of targeted pressure to optimize the cost and time of the conventional well intervention in tight gas reservoirs in Saudi Arabia is presented in this paper.

In conventional plug and perf stimulation operations each plug is milled out via coiled tubing. This process increases operational risk and cost associated with multiple downhole trips. Another challenge is wellbore accessibility post stimulation operations. Without changing the fracturing design, two degradable plugs in a three-stage well were deployed. Downhole conditions presented significant challenges including high temperatures of 285 F and pressures. By using a degradable plug, post-frac interventions can be eliminated as the entire plug will degrade in downhole conditions. This would allow the well to be brought online faster than a conventional method would allow.

Operational challenges have been experienced during the first deployment of the plug. The plug has successfully held pressure for 32 hours while being exposed to wellbore fluids, which is one of the longest times achieved for a degradable frac plug. One of the main reasons of such success is that the plug is composed of high-grade material. While the plug maintained its integrity for 32 hours in high pressure, it degraded to fine particles post frac operations. Furthermore, the plug was trial tested without affecting the stimulation goals or the overall operation for such well. On this trial test, the plug has shown the ability to eliminate HPCT trips and the associated risks of HPCT intervention. To confirm dissolution of the plugs, an assessment CT run was performed and confirmed shallower plug was not dissolved after 32 hours while the deeper plug already dissolved.

With the spread of plug and perf technology on a global level and the increase of horizontal multistage stimulation methods, it is important to capitalize on fit for purpose technologies versus a one-size fits all approach. To address the challenges associated with longer laterals and increasing stage counts, degradable plug technology can be used to improve well economics and reduce associated risks. The elimination of mechanical intervention is the next breakthrough in efficiency gains to increase laterals and achieve higher stage counts.
Automated Identification of Lithology from Drilling Cuttings Based on Deep Residual Network
Authors: Ding Yan , Cui Yi , Qing Xin Qing , Xie Yong Gang , Gao Re Yu , Zhao Fei
Published: May 2023

Identification of lithology from drilling cuttings is a key step for reservoir characterization. At present, the traditional method is to collect and analyze the cuttings by manual interpretation, which is subjective and time-consuming. In order to improve the accuracy, timeliness, and automation of identification of cuttings lithology, this paper completed lithology identification and classification through batch iterative training based on Resnet-34 network. Automated rock type identification from cuttings images captured by a given camera is the goal of this work. The main challenge in cuttings recognition is the similarity of color and grain size in two or different cuttings. Another important factor is that the light source of the camera. In order to capture the images of cuttings more comprehensively for identification, a single light source with 8 channels (ultraviolet, blue, green, yellow, red, infrared, far infrared, and white light) was used to irradiate the cuttings during the imaging process, and the imaging information of cuttings in the full spectral segment can be obtained as the input of the deep learning network. In order to solve the overfitting problem caused by data duplication under different light sources, the input images are first preprocessed by brightness equalization and random cropping, so that each grayscale image can have the same brightness and do not have too much repetition under different light sources. In terms of the efficiency and accuracy, Resnet-34 is selected as the model framework of cuttings recognition and classification. The overall accuracy of the model is increased to 98.6% combined with the actual hardware support in the field, which promotes the more efficient identification of logging cuttings and provides a theoretical basis for improving the online logging of logging in the field.
Innovative Design for New Powerful Cluster and Fast Move Drilling Rig
Authors: Elrefai Mahmoud M.
Published: May 2023

In the last few years and due to high demand for new designs of drilling rigs to meet recent requirements for drilling challenges, ADNOC Drilling came up with new innovative design for powerful cluster and fast-moving rigs that can drill single and multi-drilling wells with same performance without any modifications required.

New design is solving the problems of heavy modules for cluster well rigs and improve the capabilities of fast moving rigs and solve some of the existing challenges.
Rigless Solution in Replacement of Rig Intervention
Authors: AL Marzooqi Afnan , Al Hammadi Mohamed H. Thani , Alshehhi Hajer Mohamed Ali J. , Salah Mohamed
Published: May 2023

As part of a brainstorming exercise that was conducting, on finding ways to lower well operation and intervention duration and have a better allocation of the Drilling function resources. The idea of using the rigless equipment came into play, prompting a trail in business year 2022. The main objective of this newly developed initiative was to look into opportunities where it could be made use of the light rigless intervention which involves the use of light rigless intervention, which involves the use of specialized equipment and techniques to perform the planned well services rather than the use of a conventional rig or/and heavy equipment. Based on that, an exercise conducted in conjunction with the drilling operation teams was carried out, to review and check the drilling workover schedule for potential wells. The scope of work was defined, cases were studied, and the required resources were prepared. The rigless intervention campaign scope has been completed within planned schedule and budget in addition to these types of light interventions enable use fewer equipment footprint, offer improved safety compared to traditional methods by control risks to workers and use of smaller crew members, and leave a remarkable reduction in carbon emission footprint on each well location which in turn makes a positive differences when it compared with conventional rig-based operations.
Study on the Drilling Performance Improvement and Risk Reduction with 3D Geomechanical Modelling in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Zhao Liang
Published: May 2023

The deep shale gas reservoir are high formation temperature and pore pressure in Sichuan Basin. Due to the unclear geomechanical characteristics of the reservoir, a large number of accidents occurred during the drilling operation. At the same time, the wellbore instability and frequent adjustment trajectory cause long drilling cycle, low drilling efficiency, and high drilling operation cost. To solve the above problems, the drilling mud weight is optimized based on the three-dimensional geomechanical research and by establishing the pore pressure, collapse pressure and fracture pressure (leakage pressure) models. The key technology of reducing drilling mud weight are used to significantly reduce the drilling mud loss. Field application shows that the mud weight is reduced from 2.15 g/cm3 to 1.87 g/cm3, the average ROP increased by 44.1% from 8.4 m/h to 12.1 m/h, the average drilling operation cycle decreased by 40.7% from 54.2 days to 32.1 days, and the drilling performance and efficiency are significantly improved. The fine 3D geomechanical modeling technology has great promotion and reference significance for the performance and efficiency improvement of the deep shale gas horizontal well drilling operation in China.
Enzyme-Based Cleanup Fluid for High Temperature Filtercake Removal Applications
Authors: Al-Taq Ali A. , Al-Ibrahim Hussain A. , Alsalem Ali A. , Alrustum Abdullah A.
Published: May 2023

Mud-induced damage is highly pronounced in horizontal wells due to the longer period of exposure to drilling mud and low draw-down pressure. Enzyme-based cleanup fluids are preferred for filtercake removal applications, especially in horizontal wells due to their several advantages compared to conventional cleanup fluids. The advantages include low reactivity, less corrosivity, more environmentally safe, polymer-specific enzyme breakers, and ultimately homogenous filtercake removal coverage. Most enzyme-based cleanup fluids are limited to low temperatures.

In this study, extensive lab work was conducted to evaluate an enzyme-based/in-situ generated organic acid cleanup fluid for a water-based mud at a temperature of 250°F. The experimental work included coreflood experiments, HT/HP filter press, and see-through cell. Analytical techniques, including ICP, XRD, EDXRF, IFT, and iodine tests, were used to assess the interaction of the cleanup fluid with filtercake components.

The results showed that the enzyme/in-situ organic acid generated cleanup system was effective at degrading filtercake for a water-based mu field sample, which was reflected in the obtained return permeability of nearly 83%. Iodine tests confirmed that the enzyme was able to degrade the starch present in the filtercake. The surface tension of fluid is generated due to the interaction of the enzyme-based breaker with the filtercake at 250°F and for 48 hours was 31.11 dynes/cm at 22°C, which indicates that this system can help to prevent water blockage problems, especially for gas tight formation. This paper will discuss in detail all experimental results and findings.