bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Ethnicity” of the Scythians: Problems in the Aspects of Ontology and Gnoseology
Authors:   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Lubomir S. Dobrovolskiy , Gulnar T. Kazhenova ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ulan U. Umitkaliev ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: October 2022

The work is devoted to the problem of the archaeological definition of the ethnos in connection with the range of questions of the genesis of the Scythians and their anthropological composition in connection with the eastern migration impulses. The objective is to study the development of this set of problems, as well as to consider the possibilities of further research in the aspect of competing hypotheses by systematizing and interpreting the data of history, archeology and physical anthropology. The reason for the unresolved issue of the origin of the Scythians is the lack of a generally accepted content of the concepts of “Scythian” and “Scythian culture”, as well as “Scythian archaeological culture”, due to the blurring of the boundaries of the areas of distribution of monuments of the “Scythian type culture”. The reason for the diversity of opinions about the physical appearance of the Scythians is the lack of a sufficient amount of anthropological material and the difference in interpretations of morphological relationships and lines of development. We consider the study of the genesis of the Scythians and the development of the Scythian culture from the perspective of migrations within the framework of the Srubna-Andronovo cultural and historical community to be a promising direction. It is necessary to define both multi-vector pulsating migrations and the “Scythian area” as a vast material and cultural (“ethnic, cultural and historical”) landscape and the environment within which they occurred. It is extremely important to single out compact typological variants and their cultural and chronological boundaries within the framework of the cultural community of the Scythians in the south of Eastern Europe, Sauromatians and Saks. In terms of establishing the Scythian area and identifying ethnic and cultural components, it is necessary to carefully localize the settled zones on its borders, study trans-boundary zones, the localization of which is confined to isolated physical and geographical structures and zones of integration of material production, and identify the patterns and specifics of the course of ethnic and cultural processes within and on the borders of large trans-zonal territories.
Mechanism and kinetics of the pseudomorphic replacement of anhydrite by calcium phosphate phases at hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Roza-Llera Ana , Jiménez Amalia , Fernández-Díaz Lurdes
Published: October 2022

Mineral replacement reactions mediated by fluids are common in sedimentary basins, where they influence geochemical cycles. Phosphorous (P) pollution of soils, sediments and water bodies is currently a widespread problem. Some apatite accumulations in sediments may have formed through the interaction of P-bearing aqueous solutions with mineral surfaces that result in mineral replacement reactions. Here, we investigate the pseudomorphic replacement of anhydrite single crystals by aggregates of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite upon interaction with a P-bearing solution at temperatures between 120 and 200 °C. SEM imaging is used to study the texture of the aggregates. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra analysis of the reacted samples provide information on the kinetics of the replacement. At all temperatures β-tricalcium phosphate forms alongside hydroxyapatite at early stages of the replacement reaction. At T ≥ 180 °C, hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ratio rapidly increases, and hydroxyapatite is the only phase in fully replaced samples. At T < 180 °C hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ratio increases slowly and fully replaced samples still contain significant amounts of β-tricalcium phosphate. The progress of the replacement is facilitated by the formation of porosity. The evolution of the hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ratio and the crystal habit of both phases strongly influence the arrangement of this porosity. The empirical activation energy Ea (kJ/mol) of the replacement reaction is determined by the Avrami and the iso-conversion methods. Both approaches yield an Ea of ~40 kJ/mol. Anhydrite dissolution appears as the rate-limiting process and the overall kinetics of the replacement reaction is controlled by the rate diffusion of dissolved species through the porosity network. The ripening of the metastable β-tricalcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite affects the characteristics of the porosity network and further modulates the kinetics of the replacement. These results may improve the understanding of the mechanisms of P-sequestration by mineral surfaces through coupled dissolution–precipitation reactions and shed light on the origin of apatite accumulations associated to evaporitic sedimentary rocks.
Modeling a bi-directional sentiment-return relationship: Evidence from the Indian market
Authors: Yadav Ajit , Chakraborty Anindita , Vijaya
Published: October 2022

In the last two decades, the subject of investor sentiment has attracted the attention of researchers across the globe. This study attempts to examine the bi-directional relationship between investor sentiment and stock market returns in the Indian market by focusing on both contemporaneous and lagged relationships between investor sentiment and market returns. It also attempts to study the effect of lagged market returns on the current market returns. This study constructs an investor sentiment index for the Indian market using the principal component analysis technique. The results of the regression analysis between the investor sentiment index and stock market returns establish that current sentiment positively affects current market returns, and one-month lagged sentiment negatively affects current market returns. Further, it is found that a one-month lagged market return has a positive association with the current market returns. Moreover, using the VAR model, this study found the existence of a contemporaneous and lagged bidirectional relationship between investor sentiment and market returns. The results of impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis also support the presence of a sentiment-return bidirectional relationship but show that the effect of sentiment on market returns is more pronounced than the effect of market returns on investor sentiment.
Comparing Master Recession Curve Shapes Between Linear and Exponential Reservoir Models
Authors: Latuamury Bokiraiya , Imlabla Wilma , Sahusilawane John , Marasabessy Husain
Published: October 2022

The behaviour of river flows during periods of recession can be better identified than in other periods. The Master Recession Curve (MRC) approach is a technical approach that is quite effective and efficient in modelling baseflow. This study aims to compare the shape of the MRC between linear and exponential reservoir models. The research method uses two linear reservoir models, the Depuit-Boussinesq equation and an exponential model based on exponential hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that the combination of recession parameters (initial recession discharge, constant and coefficients) for MRC manually linear and exponential reservoir models, and hybridization of genetic algorithm processes, showed that MRC visualization for linear reservoir models was more optimal compared to exponential reservoir models. These results are closely related to the slope of the MRC, where the linear reservoir model is gentler, and the exponential reservoir model is relatively steeper. The slope of the MRC for both reservoir models relates to the storage capabilities of the baseflow and the hydraulic conductivity properties of the study area. The gentle slope of the MRC has the properties of relatively slow storage and is relatively long stored. In contrast, the steep slope of the MRC determines the somewhat wasteful nature of storage.
Assessing the risks of spatial disintegration in a state with a multinuclear territorial and political structure (on the example of Bolivia)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skachkov Vladislav , Zayats Dmitry ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Moscow State Pedagogical University
Published: October 2022

The assessment of the risks of spatial disintegration is carried out on the basis of the methodology developed by the authors. The methodology makes it possible to quantify the danger of weakening, disruption and destruction of the system-forming links between the administrative-territorial units of the country. The authors have identified seven factors of spatial disintegration: historical, socio-economic, domestic political, ethno-cultural, military-strategic, transport and foreign policy. As an example of testing this technique, Bolivia was chosen as a state that has patterns of economic, political, socio-cultural development characteristic of most Latin American countries. But unlike most of them, Bolivia has a multi-core territorial and political structure: in the political field, the actual (La Paz) and constitutional (Sucre) capitals compete with an alternative pole of growth – the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in the flat east of the country. The Santa Cruz Department initiates and coordinates various innovations and projects aimed at increasing the autonomy of the east of the country or federalization of Bolivia. The calculations have shown that Bolivia has significantly higher risks of potential disintegration compared to several Latin American states (Mexico, Venezuela, Chile). Modern Bolivia is a contradictory system of two heterogeneous socio-cultural, economic and political regions – the mountainous West, inhabited by Aymara and Quechua, that economic development is based on the mining industry, and the plain East, populated by Creoles and Guarani, economically stimulated by natural gas production and more intensive agriculture. It is determined that the departments of Santa Cruz and Tarija have the greatest risks of spatial disintegration within Bolivia.
Assessment of the ecological state of small rivers of St. Petersburg according to the benthic macroinvertebrates indicators in 2019-2021
Authors:   St Petersburg Mining University, Petrov Denis , Yakusheva Anna ,   St Petersburg Mining University
Published: October 2022

The work is devoted to the topical issue of assessing the state and changes of river ecosystems located within the boundaries of large cities and industrial agglomerations. The paper presents the results obtained during hydrobiological studies on small rivers of St. Petersburg (Russian Federation) in 2019-2021. The application of bioindication methods is substantiated in order to assess long-term changes in aquatic ecosystems under conditions of increasing anthropogenic load. Various characteristics of the community of benthic invertebrates are used as biological indicators of the state of hydroecosystems. Benthos samples were taken on eight small watercourses of the city, which are both tributaries of the Neva River of various orders (the Okhta, Slavyanka, Chernaya Rechka, Lubya, Okkervil, Volkovka rivers) and delta watercourses (the Smolenka and Karpovka rivers). The paper provides a brief description of the studied water bodies and sampling sites. A number of biotic metrics and biotic indices used for bioindication purposes both in Russia and abroad have been identified. It is noted that the unstable hydrochemical regime and low flow velocity in the small watercourses of the Neva River delta contribute to the intensification of the accumulation of sediments with high concentrations of ecotoxicants, which negatively affects both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of biocenoses. In some watercourses re is a complete absence of bottom invertebrates, which can be assessed as an ecological disaster. When assessing water quality by quantitative and qualitative characteristics of communities of benthic invertebrates (Mayer index, BMWP index, some biotic metrics), it can be concluded that Okkervil River, Chernaya Rechka River and Volkovka River should be attributed to watercourses whose ecological state is extremely unfavorable. The ecological state of the rivers Karpovka River, Slavyanka River, as well as the estuaries of Okhta River and Smolenka River should be considered unfavorable. And finally, the situation in Lubya River, the source of Smolenka River and in the middle reaches of the Okhta River can be considered close to satisfactory (low quality according to BMWP or moderately polluted water according to IM).
Identifying influential priority of factors governing the acute biological toxicity of two kinds of industrial wastewaters
Authors: Pan Zhi-Cheng , He Chuan-Shu , Peng Yu-Mei , Zhong Ya-Ping , Wang Kai-Jun , Zuo Jiane
Published: October 2022

Identifying the key parameters or components mainly contributing to the acute toxicity of wastewater would be helpful to quickly and conveniently reflect their biological toxicity. In this study, the components/parameters and biological toxicity of 64 effluent samples collected from two factories producing konjac and glass were analyzed. It was found that the two types of wastewaters were not effectively dealt with. Moreover, the acute biological toxicity evaluated by the bioluminescence inhibition to Vibrio fischeri revealed that ∼90% of the effluents were marked as toxic with bioluminescence inhibition higher than 50%. By applying a grey relational analysis (GRA) method to investigate the influential priorities of the effluent characteristics on biological toxicity, the results demonstrated that the top four influential factors on the bioluminescence inhibition were as follows: TN ≈ SO42− > Cl− > As ≈ Hg (for konjac-manufacturing effluents) and Zn > SO42− ≈ TN > As > Cl− (for glass-producing effluents). These results would be useful for fast recognizing the biological toxicity features of industrial effluents via evaluating the most influential parameters, and helpful for reducing the biological acute toxicity to protect the downstream wastewater treatment plant from abrupt collapse.
Relaciones económicas entre el Mercosur y China. El caso del comercio importador en el sector automotriz (2002-2020)
Authors: Bil Damián , Pezzarini Martín
Published: October 2022

Analizamos la relación comercial de Brasil y Argentina con las potencias (en particular, EE. UU. y China) en el sector automotriz. El objetivo es estudiar el avance del gigante asiático en la región a partir de la exportación de manufacturas y, con ello, aportar elementos para el estudio de los vínculos que teje este país con las burguesías sudamericanas. Para ello, relevamos las series de importación del siglo XXI para estas ramas, disponibles en sitios oficiales de cada país. Con el procesamiento estadístico, evaluamos el peso de las potencias en la importación sudamericana y los momentos de quiebre de la relación. Encontramos que, a partir de 2009, los productos chinos ganan posiciones en la región, redefiniendo la matriz del comercio sectorial.
Justice and Guanxi in Hiring: Fairness Reactions of US and Chinese Students
Authors: Lilly Juliana D. , Virick Meghna , Simmons Aneika L. , Liao Weiwen
Published: October 2022

This study investigated cross-cultural perceptions of justice between U.S. and Chinese students. The experimental design included four allocation rules along with conditions of hired/not hired and most qualified/least qualified. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and organizational justice are used for hypothesis development, with procedural and distributive justice as dependent variables. Results show U.S. students perceiving equity as fairer than Chinese students and Chinese students perceiving guanxi as fairer than U.S. students under certain conditions. Surprisingly, U.S. students rated equality and need allocation as more fair than Chinese students in some conditions, contrary to what was hypothesized.
Work readiness of vocational high school graduates in facing the industrial 4.0 era
Authors: Nurjanah Ina , Ana A. , Masek Alias Bin
Published: October 2022

The Industrial Era 4.0 requires Vocational High School (SMK) graduates to have high capabilities and competitiveness in facing global job competition. Therefore, every graduate is expected to have Work Readiness that is in accordance with the demands of the industry and the world of work. There are many studies examining aspects of Work Readiness that graduates must possess in the industry 4.0 era. So, it is necessary to review journal papers that discuss the Work Readiness of SMK graduates facing the Industrial 4.0 era. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review of journal papers published from 2016-2021. The findings of this study are: first, 13 research focuses were found as a result of mapping journals that are interrelated each other covering topics about graduates, students, dimensions, industry, curriculum, factors, experience, training, workers, skills, employers, employability, and soft skills. Second, 10 Work Readiness that must be possessed by graduates, namely readiness to adopt technology, communication skills, collaboration skills, adaptability, analytical and problem solving skills, critical thinking skills, innovativeness, independence, creativity, and curiosity. Third, the readiness to adopt technology in facing digitalization is the most priority aspect of Work Readiness needed for SMK graduates in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The findings of this study expected to be basic reference on developing SMK Curriculum in the context of Industrial 4.0 era. So that the SMK graduates will have good work readiness that fulfill the demands of Industry.
Educação Social e Contação de História Como Aporte Didático-Metodológico
Authors: Rezera Danielle , Lopes Walson
Published: October 2022

Discutimos neste artigo a contação de histórias como metodologia didática no processo formativo de crianças entre 6 e 12 anos de idade, que participaram de um programa de educação integral, sob a perspectiva da educação não formal, e orientação formativa de educadores sociais. Nosso objetivo é discutir a relação construída, por meio de metodologias educativas de caráter crítico, que envolveram a oficina de teatro, realizada durante os períodos de 2015-2019. Em especial atenção, a título de compreensão do processo de construção do fazer da educação não formal e em sua interpretação crítica, discutimos uma das experiências formativas neste período. Com enfoque na metodológica qualitativa, levantamos aqui um relato de experiência, a partir do entendimento da importância da contação de histórias como ferramenta metodológica na superação das tensões sócio-históricas, assim como, na construção da superação do senso comum, em sentido gramsciano e práticas de sociabilidade mais cidadãs e críticas.
Contação de Histórias no Tempo-Atenção da Aula
Authors: Campesato Maria Alice Gouvêa
Published: October 2022

Este artigo explora qual o lugar da contação de histórias no tempo-atenção da aula em época de hiperaceleração e excessos e de que maneiras a palavra pode ser tomada como força-potência (trans)formadora de mundos e de modos de existência.  Para tal, estabelece aproximação entre práticas ocidentais muito antigas e as tradições africana e ameríndia, desde a perspectiva da oralidade. O texto parte de uma pesquisa arquegenealógica que investigou a aula da Antiguidade aos dias atuais e de outra pesquisa que investiga a relação da palavra, da voz e da escuta nas tradições africanas e indígenas. Como material empírico, toma textos da tradição greco-romana e os textos A queda do Céu, de Kopenawa e Albert, e A tradição viva, de Hampâté Bâ. Como ferramental teórico-metodológico, utiliza-se da análise do discurso foucaultiana. Conclui que a contação de histórias no espaço áulico é uma possibilidade para provocar outras formas de existência e fabricação de novas verdades.
An App-Based Digit Symbol Substitution Test for Assessment of Cognitive Deficits in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Evaluation Study
Authors: McIntyre Roger S , Lipsitz Orly , Rodrigues Nelson B , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Nasri Flora , Lee Yena , Fehnert Ben , King James , Chrones Lambros , Kratiuk Kevin , Uddin Sharif , Rosenblat Joshua D , Mansur Rodrigo B , McCue Maggie
Published: October 2022

Background

Cognitive dysfunction is an impairing core symptom of depression. Among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with antidepressants, residual cognitive symptoms interfere with patient-reported outcomes. The foregoing characterization of cognitive symptoms provides the rationale for screening and assessing the severity of cognitive symptoms at point of care. However, clinical neurocognitive assessments are time-consuming and difficult, and they require specialist expertise to interpret them. A smartphone-delivered neurocognitive test may offer an effective and accessible tool that can be readily implemented into a measurement-based care framework.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the use of a smartphone-delivered app-based version of the established Cognition Kit Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) neurocognitive assessment compared to a traditional paper-and-pencil version.

Methods

Convergent validity and test-retest reliability of the 2 versions were evaluated. Patient satisfaction with the app was also assessed.

Results

Assessments made using the app-based Cognition Kit DSST were highly correlated with the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test, both at the baseline visit (r=0.69, df=27; P<.001) and at the end-of-study visit (r=0.82, df=27; P<.001), and they were positively evaluated by 30 patients as being user-friendly, easy to navigate, and preferable over the paper-and-pencil version of the DSST. However, although the app-based Cognition Kit DSST was validated in patients with MDD, it still needs to be evaluated in healthy controls.

Conclusions

App-based DSST may facilitate a more personalized, convenient, and cost-effective method of cognitive assessment, helping to guide measurement-based care and psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment options for patients with MDD.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03999567; https://tinyurl.com/2p8pnyv7
A Novel Digital Digit-Symbol Substitution Test Measuring Processing Speed in Adults At Risk for Alzheimer Disease: Validation Study
Authors: Campitelli Anthony , Paulson Sally , Gills Josh L , Jones Megan D , Madero Erica N , Myers Jennifer , Glenn Jordan M , Gray Michelle
Published: October 2022

Background

Assessing cognitive constructs affected by Alzheimer disease, such as processing speed (PS), is important to screen for potential disease and allow for early detection. Digital PS assessments have been developed to provide widespread, efficient cognitive testing, but all have been validated only based on the correlation between test scores. Best statistical practices dictate that concurrent validity should be assessed for agreement or equivalence rather than using correlation alone.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity of a novel digital PS assessment against a gold-standard measure of PS.

Methods

Adults aged 45-75 years (n=191) participated in this study. Participants completed the novel digital digit-symbol substitution test (DDSST) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status coding test (RBANS-C). The correlation between the test scores was determined using a Pearson product-moment correlation, and a difference in mean test scores between tests was checked for using a 2-tailed dependent samples t test. Data were analyzed for agreement between the 2 tests using Bland-Altman limits of agreement and equivalency using a two one-sided t tests (TOST) approach.

Results

A significant moderate, positive correlation was found between DDSST and RBANS-C scores (r=.577; P<.001), and no difference in mean scores was detected between the tests (P=.93). Bias was nearly zero (0.04). Scores between the tests were found to display adequate agreement with 90% of score differences falling between –22.66 and 22.75 (90% limits of agreement=–22.91 to 22.99), and the scores were equivalent (P=.049).

Conclusions

Analyses indicate that the DDSST is a valid digital assessment of PS. The DDSST appears to be a suitable option for widespread, immediate, and efficient PS testing.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04559789; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04559789
Relationships Between Blood Pressure Reduction, Weight Loss, and Engagement in a Digital App–Based Hypertension Care Program: Observational Study
Authors: Branch OraLee H , Rikhy Mohit , Auster-Gussman Lisa A , Lockwood Kimberly G , Graham Sarah A
Published: October 2022

Background

Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring is recommended for people with hypertension; however, meta-analyses have demonstrated that BP improvements are related to additional coaching support in combination with self-monitoring, with little or no effect of self-monitoring alone. High-contact coaching requires substantial resources and may be difficult to deliver via human coaching models.

Objective

This observational study assessed changes in BP and body weight following participation in a fully digital program called Lark Hypertension Care with coaching powered by artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods

Participants (N=864) had a baseline systolic BP (SBP) ≥120 mm Hg, provided their baseline body weight, and had reached at least their third month in the program. The primary outcome was the change in SBP at 3 and 6 months, with secondary outcomes of change in body weight and associations of changes in SBP and body weight with participant demographics, characteristics, and program engagement.

Results

By month 3, there was a significant drop of –5.4 mm Hg (95% CI –6.5 to –4.3; P<.001) in mean SBP from baseline. BP did not change significantly (ie, the SBP drop maintained) from 3 to 6 months for participants who provided readings at both time points (P=.49). Half of the participants achieved a clinically meaningful drop of ≥5 mm Hg by month 3 (178/349, 51.0%) and month 6 (98/199, 49.2%). The magnitude of the drop depended on starting SBP. Participants classified as hypertension stage 2 had the largest mean drop in SBP of –12.4 mm Hg (SE 1.2 mm Hg) by month 3 and –13.0 mm Hg (SE 1.6 mm Hg) by month 6; participants classified as hypertension stage 1 lowered by –5.2 mm Hg (SE 0.8) mm Hg by month 3 and –7.3 mm Hg (SE 1.3 mm Hg) by month 6; participants classified as elevated lowered by –1.1 mm Hg (SE 0.7 mm Hg) by month 3 but did not drop by month 6. Starting SBP (β=.11; P<.001), percent weight change (β=–.36; P=.02), and initial BMI (β=–.56; P<.001) were significantly associated with the likelihood of lowering SBP ≥5 mm Hg by month 3. Percent weight change acted as a mediator of the relationship between program engagement and drop in SBP. The bootstrapped unstandardized indirect effect was –0.0024 (95% CI –0.0052 to 0; P=.002).

Conclusions

A hypertension care program with coaching powered by AI was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in SBP following 3 and 6 months of program participation. Percent weight change was significantly associated with the likelihood of achieving a ≥5 mm Hg drop in SBP. An AI-powered solution may offer a scalable approach to helping individuals with hypertension achieve clinically meaningful reductions in their BP and associated risk of cardiovascular disease and other serious adverse outcomes via healthy lifestyle changes such as weight loss.
A Tailored mHealth App for Improving Health and Well-Being Behavioral Transformation in UK Police Workers: Usability Testing via a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mehra Richa , Pulman Andy , Dogan Huseyin , Murphy Jane , Bitters Fiona
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

When considering the policing environment of 2022, many roles previously in the domain of warranted officers (police officer) are now performed by nonwarranted police staff equivalents. These police staff roles have expanded rapidly into other areas such as investigations, custody, and contact management, which were traditionally seen as police officer functions and put staff under some of the same stresses as police officers. A UK police force requested help in investigating technologies that could be used to improve health and well-being for both officers and staff.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to create a health and well-being app for police officers and staff, which considered the unique requirements of the users throughout the designing, building, prototyping, and testing stages.

METHODS

This study involved quantitative approaches (demographic web-based survey questions and the System Usability Scale) and qualitative approaches (open web-based survey questions and semistructured interviews). Unsupervised usability testing of a prototype app was undertaken by members (N=48) of the commissioning client using their smartphones. After completing a preregistration application for screening purposes, participants downloaded a trial version of the app. Then, they completed a web-based questionnaire after testing the app for 10 days. A subsample of participants (9/48, 19%) was interviewed. Deductive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify key themes and subthemes.

RESULTS

Data collected during usability testing concerned the 6 domains of the app—food and diet, activity, fluid intake, sleep, good mental health, and financial well-being—and informed the creation of improved design during prototyping. Some usability and design issues and suggestions for improvements were also addressed and implemented—including shift management and catch-up cards—during this cycle of development.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the importance of coparticipation with officers and staff across the entire development cycle, to coproduce a human-centered design methodology to enable the development of a considered and user-centered solution. It demonstrates the need for producing a multifunctional tool rather than focusing purely on an individual element for this user group. It also highlights how linking and being able to track optional, personalized elements of health data against one another, cross-referenced to individual shift patterns, might help to inform and provide users with a chance for reflection and therefore influence behavior change.
Web-Based COVID-19 Dashboards and Trackers in the United States: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Clarkson Melissa D
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided an opportunity to use public-facing web data visualization tools to help citizens understand the evolving status of the outbreak. Given the heterogeneity of data sources, developers, tools, and designs used in this effort, it raised questions about how visualizations were constructed during a time when daily batches of data were available, but issues of data quality and standardization were unresolved.

OBJECTIVE

This paper surveyed web-based COVID-19 dashboards and trackers that are likely to be used by the residents of the United States to monitor the spread of infection on a local, national, and global scale. This study is intended to provide insights that will help application developers increase the usefulness, transparency, and trustworthiness of dashboards and trackers for public health data in the future.

METHODS

Websites of coronavirus dashboards and trackers were identified in August 2020 using the Google search engine. They were examined to determine the data sources used, types of data presented, types of data visualizations, characteristics of the visualizations, and issues with messy data. The websites were surveyed 3 more times for changes in design and data sources with the final survey conducted in June 2022. Themes were developed to highlight the issues concerning challenges in presenting COVID-19 data and techniques of effective visualization.

RESULTS

In total, 111 websites were identified and examined (84 state focused, 11 nationwide, and 16 with global data), and this study found an additional 17 websites providing access to the state vaccination data. This study documents how data aggregators have played a central role in making data accessible to visualization developers. The designs of dashboards and tracker visualizations vary in type and quality, with some well-designed displays supporting the interpretation of the data and others obscuring the meaning of the data and potentially misleading the viewers. Five themes were identified to describe challenges in presenting COVID-19 data and techniques of effective visualization.

CONCLUSIONS

This analysis reveals the extent to which dashboards and trackers informing the American public about the COVID-19 pandemic relied on an ad hoc pipeline of data sources and data aggregators. The dashboards and trackers identified in this survey offer an opportunity to compare different approaches for the display of similar data.
Real Life Experiences as Head of Science (Preprint)
Authors: Huberty Jennifer
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

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OBJECTIVE

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METHODS

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RESULTS

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Evaluasi Kesesuaian Antibiotik Empiris Terhadap Clinical Outcome pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) di RSUD Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Trimayanti Yeli , Nuryastuti Titik , Yuniarti Nunung
Published: October 2022

Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan kondisi ditemukannya mikroorganisme dalam jumlah sangat banyak pada urin sehingga menimbulkan infeksi pada saluran kemih. Intensitas penggunaan antibiotik yang relatif tinggi pada pengobatan infeksi menimbulkan permasalahan, terutama resistensi antibiotik. Resistensi antibiotik salah satunya disebabkan oleh peresepan antibiotik yang tidak sesuai yang dapat mempengaruhi clinical outcome pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik empiris yang digunakan terhadap clinical outcome pada pasien ISK di rawat inap RSUD Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan desain cohort retrospektif. Subjek penelitian pasien dewasa dengan ISK di rawat inap RSUD Sijunjung periode Januari 2018 - Desember 2019.  Dari 90 pasien ISK (121 regimen antibiotik) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pemberian antibiotik yang sesuai ditemukan sebanyak 67,77% (82 regimen) dan yang tidak sesuai 32,23% (39 regimen) yaitu 29,75% (36 regimen) dengan durasi pemberian terlalu singkat, 1,65% (2 regimen) interval tidak tepat dan 0,83% (1 regimen) dosis kurang. Hasil analisis dengan uji Fisher hubungan kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik empiris terhadap clinical outcome pada pasien ISK di rawat inap RSUD Sijunjung tidak menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai probabilitas 0,057 (p > 0,05) yang berarti kesesuaian terapi antibiotik empiris pada pasien ISK tidak berhubungan dengan clinical outcome pasien.
Profil Peresepan Obat Antihipertensi Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Apotek Afina
Authors: Hastuti Dwi
Published: October 2022

Hipertensi merupakan kondisi yang ditandai dengan tekanan darah di atas normal secara menetap dengan tekanan darah sistolik ≥140 mmHg dan tenanan darah diastolik ≥90 mmHg. Tekanan darah tidak terkontrol pada pasien hipertensi dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) karena hilangnya sejumlah besar nefron fungsional yang bersifat progresif dan irreversible. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pola peresepan obat antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi meliputi jenis kelamin, golongan obat antihipertensi, dosis dan aturan pakai obat. Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif observasional. Penelitian dilakukan di Apotek Afina Yogyakarta pada periode bulan Juli-Desember 2020 dengan total 242 resep dan berisi 342 item obat. Hasil pada penelitian ini diperoleh pasien hipertensi paling banyak berjenis kelamin perempuan 150 orang (62,0%) dengan peresepan terbanyak adalah nama generik 273 item (79,8%), dengan golongan obat terbanyak CCB yaitu amlodipine dengan dosis 1x5 mg sebanyak 83 item (68,03%).
Taisha Ayuka’s letter 1688
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Tepkeev Vladimir , Yarmarkina Galina ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Gedeeva Daria ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: October 2022

Introduction.The article examines the letter of taisha Ayuka as a source on Kalmyk-Russian relations of the late 17th century. Materials. Taisha Ayuka’s letter with parralel Russian translation is kept in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (F. 119. Op. 1. 1688, D. 5). Results. Ayuka’s mes-sage written in Old Kalmyk script was delivered to Moscow in February 1688 and addressed to Moscow sovereigns Ivan Alekseevich and Pyotr Alekseev-ich. Relations between Ayuka and the tsar administration at that period can-not be characterized as simple: close contacts of Kalmyks with Azov and the Crimea could not but disturb the central authorities. The letter brought by the Kalmyk ambassador contains answers to almost all the claims of the tsar gov-ernment. The letter shows that activities of the Kalmyks mentioned in it can be referred to a certain extent as demonstration of independence and were caused by necessity to protect their trade or military interests. The source under study complements the portrait of Ayuka as a political figure before he was bestowed khan title.
The Many-Faced Monster Abaasy: Transformationof Epic Images Revisited
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, Scientific Research Institute of Olonkho, Borisova Anastasia
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The article examines motifs of transformations experienced by abaasy epic monsters in Yakut folklore. Materials. The study focuses on earliest Olonkho records published at the end of the 19th century. Goals. The paper aims at revealing types of transformations inherent to the epic monster abaasy, classifying the former, and determining functional features of such motifs. Results. The insight into available materials reveals a number of forms (objects) abaasy epic monsters tend to turn into, namely: 1) natural phenomena (scorching heat and a rock-bedded river, whirlwind); 2) birds (raven, three-headed mythical eagle); 3) animals (wolf, bull, mythical black beast, huge mythical dragon-like serpent); 4) fish (perch, pike); 5) insects and creepers (amphibians, reptiles); 6) resurrection of the dead; 7) aiyy maiden. The work concludes each transformation pattern is characterized by specific functional peculiarities and is implemented by the abaasy for certain goals, e.g. to lure a victim, escape a danger, or gain a rebirth. The identification of main characters with natural forces, presence of ornithomorphic, zoomorphic, ichthyomorphic and other forms in transformations show that different cultural and religious views of the people can be traced in the Olonkho Epic. Further studies of the topic with insights into later Olonkho records can serve additional materials for determining the periods of mythological development of the Olonkho Epic.
Vladimir Sorokin’s Artistic World: DestructionasKey Organizing Principle
Authors:   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Sankova Alena , Fokin Aleksandr ,   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute
Published: October 2022

Goals. The article analyzes the concept of destruction as a key tool of postmodern poetic text, examines the role of destruction as an organizing principle of Vladimir Sorokin’s artistic world, traces the evolution and transformation of destruction in his works. Materials. The paper investigates works of various genres (and periods) that most vividly characterize poetics of a postmodern writer, namely: The Month in Dachau (short story, 1990), Blue Fat (novel, 1999), The Snowstorm (novella, 2010), Doctor Garin (novel, 2021). Results. The work identifies specific features inherent to each of the latter, provides a general review to further conclude that essentials and mechanisms of destruction in discursive practices of the writer have experienced significant changes in recent decades.
Population Ageing in Kalmykia Reviewed
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Badmaeva Nogan
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Population ageing is a topical issue for the Republic of Kalmykia. According to the censuses from 1926 to 2010, the age structure of the population has changes dramatically, namely: the share of individuals aged 0 to 14 has decreased while those of working-age and elderly ones have increased. Since the 1990s the Republic’s population is classified as ageing. Goals. The article attempts an assessment of the extent and depth of ageing processes in Kalmykia. Materials and methods. The study examines statistical data through comparative analysis methods. Results. In Kalmykia, population ageing is aggravated by such negative demographic processes as depopulation, outflow of working-age population, and heavy masculine mortality. These result in increased burdens on employable population. The share of citizens aged 65 and over in all rural districts and the city of Elista exceeds 7%, i.e. according to UN standards the population is characterized as ageing. In general, the ageing process in Kalmykia clusters with national trends observed. Those of declining and senile years are few enough, which attests to that people face socioeconomic problems never to reach ripe old age. Both in the region and nationwide, the feminization of ageing is largely determined by high mortality rates among working-age men.
Statistical Analysis of Unemployment in Southern Russian Regions
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Namrueva Ludmila
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Development of any contemporary region is determined by a variety of factors underlying socioeconomic processes. Goals. The study aims at analyzing the unemployment rate in regions of Southern Russia under study, as well as official documents, scientific literature, expert opinions relating to problems of unemployment, employment of the population — to further examine the actual current conditions of the Republic’s economy. Results. Problem of unemployment is topical for Southern Russian regions’ economics. It becomes more common in subsidised regions with agricultural specialization predominated. Only one of the regions — Rostov Oblast — is characterized by average unemployment rate (4–5 %), in others three (Volgograd Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast, Republic of Kalmykia) the rate is high. For last few years the unemployment rate in the Republic of Kalmykia exceeds 7 %, with the highest percentage of young people ageing 20–29 and 30–39. Residents of the Republic who have higher professional education should also be considered to be in insufficient demand on the labour market.
One Seal of Donduk-Dashi Reviewed
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Mitruev Bembya
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The National Archive of Kalmykia houses over 800 letters of Donduk-Dashi (d. January 21, 1761), the fourth Kalmyk Khan (r.1741–1761), younger son of Prince Chakdorjab and grandson of Khan Ayuka. All the letters attributed to Donduk-Dashi — except for two only — bear impresses of the Chinese seal inherited by him from his father Chakdorjab. One of the exceptions is an impress of another seal registered on only one letter of Donduk-Dashi stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia. So, the study focuses on this very seal of Donduk-Dashi. Goals. The article seeks to introduce sphragistic data from the seal of Kalmyk Khan Donduk-Dashi, draw parallels with a similar seal once owned by the Dorbet landlord Tsenden-Dorji, and to articulate a hypothesis regarding the origins of Donduk-Dashi’s seal. Materials. The study provides insights into the letters of Donduk-Dashi and Tsenden-Dorji housed by the National Archive of Kalmykia. Results. The study reveals that legends of the mentioned seals of Donduk-Dashi and Tsenden-Dorji are written in Tibetan dbu-med cursive script using abbreviations known in Tibetan as skung yig. The Kalmyk origin of the seals is assumpted.
El Retablo de la Independencia: Obra de arte mexicana donde se homenajea a Andrés Manuel del Río y Fausto Delhuyar
Authors: Pinto Cañón Gabriel
Published: October 2022

Tras introducir la obra artística conocida como Retablo de la Independencia, realizada por el muralista mexicano Juan O’Gorman en 1961, se destaca cómo puede utilizarse, como recurso educativo y divulgativo que une arte, historia y ciencia. En dicha obra, que representa el movimiento independentista de México, aparecen, entre otros muchos, los retratos de Fausto Delhuyar, Andrés Manuel del Río y Alexander von Humboldt. Estos personajes pueden utilizarse, por ejemplo, para resaltar su papel en el descubrimiento de los elementos químicos wolframio (por parte del primero, junto con su hermano Juan José) y eritronio (que posteriormente sería conocido como vanadio) por el trabajo de del Río aunque, en este caso, tardaría tres décadas en comprobarse el hallazgo por la acción de intermediación errónea del naturalista von Humboldt.
A new record and altitudinal extensions for El Cielo Biosphere Reserve mammals, Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: CASTRO-ARELLANO IVAN , LACHER, JR. THOMAS
Published: October 2022

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Circumscriptio, compositio, lineamenta, forma, spatium y locus en el De pictura de Leon Battista Alberti: pintura, arquitectura y ciudad
Authors: Solís Rebolledo Patricia , Cortés Rocha Xavier
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo propone la relación entre los tratados De pictura y De re aedificatoria de Leon Battista Alberti por medio de la investigación de la imitación de la naturaleza y del estudio de la forma, el espacio y el lugar con base en el contexto del legado clásico y del pensamiento humanista renacentista del Quattrocento a partir de dos aspectos: por un lado, el análisis de los términos circumscriptio, compositio, lineamenta y el término disegno de la redacción latina y volgare del De pictura como antecedentes conceptuales del proceso de diseño de la arquitectura y, por el otro, el problema de la inclusión del espacio arquitectónico y urbano en la pintura a partir de una reflexión sobre la teorización albertiana de la perspectiva.