bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swat: A system for detecting salient Wikipedia entities in texts
Authors: Ponza Marco , Ferragina Paolo , Piccinno Francesco
Published: May 2019

We study the problem of entity salience by proposing the design and implementation of Swat, a system that identifies the salient Wikipedia entities occurring in an input document. Swat consists of several modules that are able to detect and classify on‐the‐fly Wikipedia entities as salient or not, based on a large number of syntactic, semantic, and latent features properly extracted via a supervised process, which has been trained over millions of examples drawn from the New York Times corpus. The validation process is performed through a large experimental assessment, eventually showing that Swat improves known solutions over all publicly available datasets. We release Swat via an API that we describe and comment in the paper to ease its use in other software.
Active learning Rotation Forest for multiclass classification
Authors: Kazllarof Vangjel , Karlos Stamatis , Kotsiantis Sotiris
Published: May 2019

Although the achievements of the computer science field have facilitated the tasks of collecting, storing, and accessing vast amounts of data efficiently, its annotation still remains a non–easily resolvable problem since no automated mechanism can perform reliably enough. This fact is even more profound when the objective is the high quality of generalization ability. Active learning constitutes a scheme that is exploited for tackling such problems, controlling the demanded human effort under a trade‐off assumption concerning the achievement of higher accuracy rates. In this work, the well‐known Rotation Forest algorithm is integrated with the active learning theory for constructing a robust and accurate classifier. Thus, apart from exploiting the collected labeled data, unlabeled data mining takes place through appropriate queries, whereas human expert decisions over the most questionable of them enrich the initial ones. Comprehensive comparisons of the proposed algorithm against four distinct learners inside the same learning scheme were executed. Moreover, the baseline strategy of random sampling and the corresponding supervised scenarios were included. During the evaluation stage, 13 publicly available multiclass datasets were assessed, and the obtained results verified our assumptions, regarding also the significant supremacy of the proposed algorithm against the majority of its rivals.
Mapping status and conservation of global at‐risk marine biodiversity
Authors: O'Hara Casey C. , Villaseñor‐Derbez Juan Carlos , Ralph Gina M. , Halpern Benjamin S.
Published: May 2019

To conserve marine biodiversity, we must first understand the spatial distribution and status of at‐risk biodiversity. We combined range maps and conservation status for 5,291 marine species to map the global distribution of extinction risk of marine biodiversity. We find that for 83% of the ocean, >25% of assessed species are considered threatened, and 15% of the ocean shows >50% of assessed species threatened when weighting for range‐limited species. By comparing mean extinction risk of marine biodiversity to no‐take marine reserve placement, we identify regions where reserves preferentially afford proactive protection (i.e., preserving low‐risk areas) or reactive protection (i.e., mitigating high‐risk areas), indicating opportunities and needs for effective future protection at national and regional scales. In addition, elevated risk to high seas biodiversity highlights the need for credible protection and minimization of threatening activities in international waters.
A framework for mapping cultural resources in landscape conservation planning
Authors: Ogletree S. Scott , Powell Robert B. , Baldwin Robert F. , Leonard Paul B.
Published: May 2019

Cultural resources can be an important means of connecting people to conservation efforts. Currently, it is difficult to identify and map these tangible and intangible aspects of the landscape. We propose a framework to include cultural resources in spatial conservation planning that acknowledges the different scales of importance and management of sites. Through categorizing and mapping sites of national, state, local, interest group, and community management, cultural resources can be measured and included in existing planning tools. Data on cultural resources are a primary limitation due to availability and fragmentation. Until data sources improve, our framework provides a stopgap that allows for cultural resources to be included in conservation‐planning efforts.
BAP1‐deficient tumor/nevus with germline aberration: A potential pitfall in assessing melanocytic neoplasms with single nucleotide polymorphism array
Authors: Hedayat Amin A. , Lefferts Joel A. , Atkinson Aaron E. , Busam Klaus J. , Linos Konstantinos
Published: May 2019

BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene, located on chromosome 3p21, encoding BAP1 nuclear protein, which is associated with a subset of melanocytic tumors with distinct cytologic features. Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP‐array) is a molecular karyotyping technique that can detect copy number variations and loss of heterozygosity in various fresh and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. Herein we present a 56‐year‐old female, who presented with a lesion on her left nose/cheek that was growing in size and changing in color. Histopathology was characteristic of a BAP1‐deficient melanocytic neoplasm, with a biphasic population of cytologically bland conventional nevomelanocytes and a proliferation of large epithelioid melanocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry for BAP1 showed loss of nuclear labeling in the epithelioid melanocytes. SNP‐array revealed a chromosome 21q22.1 monoaberration with no chromosome 3 abnormalities. The detection of this aberration prompted a discussion as to whether the lesion was best designated as a nevus or tumor. SNP‐array on the patient's blood showed the same monoaberration of chromosome 21q22.1. This case emphasizes the importance of interpreting microarray results in the context of morphology, as germline aberrations can be a pitfall when assessing the genomic stability of a melanocytic proliferation by SNP array.
Detection of adolescent suicidality in primary care: an international utility study of the bullying‐insomnia‐tobacco‐stress test
Authors: Binder Philippe , Heintz Anne‐Laure , Haller Dagmar M. , Favre Anne‐Sophie , Tudrej Benoit , Ingrand Pierre , Vanderkam Paul
Published: May 2019

Aim

General practitioners (GPs) are ideally placed to identify suicidality in adolescents. However, adolescents are often reluctant to confide in their GPs about these problems, and GPs are not comfortable when questioning them about suicide. We previously proposed the BITS test, a set of four opening and four additional questions, to alert doctors about possible suicidality in an adolescent. We validated its use in the identification of suicidality (“frequent suicidal ideation or suicide attempts at one time or another)” in 15‐year‐old adolescents in a school setting. The objective of the present study was to assess the detection utility of this method in 13‐to‐18‐year‐olds in primary care.

Methods

We carried out a screening utility study in general practices in 17 French‐speaking sites in four countries and three continents. Each GP was instructed to use the bullying, insomnia, tobacco, stress (BITS) test with five to ten 13‐to‐18‐year‐old adolescents, consulting consecutively, for any reason. They subsequently asked them questions about their suicidality.

Results

One hundred and two GPs tested a total of 693 adolescents; 13.0% of the adolescents (girls 15.4%, boys 9.9%) reported suicidality (1.6% known, 11.4% previously unknown). A score of at least 3 on the BITS scale was associated with suicidality (sensitivity: 65.9, specificity: 82.5%).

Conclusions

The BITS test is a pragmatic instrument, alerting the GP to an adolescent's previously unknown suicidability, whatever the reason for consultation.
275 years of forestry meets genomics inPinus sylvestris
Authors: Pyhäjärvi Tanja , Kujala Sonja T , Savolainen Outi
Published: May 2019

Pinus sylvestrishas a long history of basic and applied research that is relevant for both forestry and evolutionary studies. Its patterns of adaptive variation and role in forest economic and ecological systems have been studied extensively for nearly 275 years, detailed demography for a 100 years and mating system more than 50 years. However, its reference genome sequence is not yet available and genomic studies have been lagging compared to, for example,Pinus taedaandPicea abies, two other economically important conifers. Despite the lack of reference genome, many modern genomic methods are applicable for a more detailed look at its biological characteristics. For example, RNA‐seq has revealed a complex transcriptional landscape and targeted DNA sequencing displays an excess of rare variants and geographically homogenously distributed molecular genetic diversity. Current DNA and RNA resources can be used as a reference for gene expression studies, SNP discovery, and further targeted sequencing. In the future, specific consequences of the large genome size, such as functional effects of regulatory open chromatin regions and transposable elements, should be investigated more carefully. For forest breeding and long‐term management purposes, genomic data can help in assessing the genetic basis of inbreeding depression and the application of genomic tools for genomic prediction and relatedness estimates. Given the challenges of breeding (long generation time, no easy vegetative propagation) and the economic importance, application of genomic tools has a potential to have a considerable impact. Here, we explore how genomic characteristics ofP. sylvestris, such as rare alleles and the low extent of linkage disequilibrium, impact the applicability and power of the tools.
Investigation on the fatigue crack behavior of Zr702/TA2/Q345R composite plate with a crack normal to interface
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Zhou Changyu , Yu Xiaochun , Chang Le , Li Jian , Miao Xinting , Ye Cheng , Zhang Bojun
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the effects of maximum load, load ratio, and average load on fatigue crack propagation of Zr702/TA2/Q345R composite plate with a crack normal to the interface are studied by experiment and finite element method. When crack propagates to the interface from the compliant material side, the crack growth rate decreases to the minimum at first. After crack penetrates through the interface, the fatigue crack growth rate accelerates continuously. When crack propagates to the interface from the stiff material side, the fatigue crack growth rate generally increases with the crack length. Regardless of the direction of crack growth, the increase of load ratio will weaken the difference of crack growth rate near the interface caused by material property mismatch. Finite element results show that elastic modulus mismatch significantly changes the variation of the stress intensity factor amplitude. All results demonstrate that crack growth rate is dependent on the competition of the stress intensity factor amplitude, the fatigue crack growth rate in the corresponding material, and the interface strength.
Evaluation of a phenomenological elastic‐plastic approach for magnesium alloys under multiaxial loading conditions
Authors: Anes Vitor , Reis Luís , de Freitas Manuel
Published: May 2019

Magnesium alloys are greatly appreciated due to their high strength to weight ratio, stiffness, and low density; however, they can exhibit complex types of cyclic plasticity like twinning, de‐twinning, or Bauschinger effect. Recent studies indicate that these types of cyclic plastic deformations cannot be fully characterized using the typical tools used in cyclic characterization of steels and aluminium alloys; thus, it is required new approaches to fully capture their cyclic deformation and plasticity. This study aims to propose and evaluate a phenomenological cyclic elastic‐plastic approach designed to capture the cyclic deformation of magnesium alloys under multiaxial loading conditions. Series of experimental tests were performed to characterize the cyclic mechanical behaviour of the magnesium alloy AZ31BF considering proportional loadings with different strain amplitude ratios and a nonproportional loading with a 45° phase shift. The experimental results were modulated using polynomial functions in order to implement a cyclic plasticity model for the AZ311BF based on the phenomenological approach proposed. Results show good correlations between experiments and estimates.
Role of lunar phases, rainfall, and wind in predicting Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) catch in the northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Giri Sandip , Hazra Sugata , Ghosh Pramit , Ghosh Amit , Das Sourav , Chanda Abhra , Das Isha , Chakraborty Kunal , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Maity Sourav
Published: May 2019

Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is an important commercial fish in India. This study investigates relationships among Hilsa catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the corresponding lunar phase, rainfall variability, wind vector, and month in the northern Bay of Bengal. Hilsa catch during the monsoon season of three consecutive years (2013–2015) was analyzed by using a Generalized Least Square model with lunar phase and monsoon months (June–September) as categorical variables and wind direction as circular variable. Significantly higher Hilsa catch was observed during the waning crescent and waxing gibbous lunar phases and during easterly winds. There was no significant effect of wind velocity. Daily rainfall was significantly correlated with Hilsa migration toward the estuary. Among the four monsoon months, September exhibited the most positive significant correlation with the Hilsa CPUE. Model predicted CPUE underestimated the actual CPUE in 2016 by 20%.
A novel mutation in Slc2a4 as a mouse model of fatigue
Authors: de Groot Marleen H. M. , Castorena Carlos M. , Cox Kimberly H. , Kumar Vivek , Mohawk Jennifer A. , Ahmed Newaz I. , Takahashi Joseph S.
Published: May 2019

Chronic fatigue is a debilitating disorder with widespread consequences, but effective treatment strategies are lacking. Novel genetic mouse models of fatigue may prove invaluable for studying its underlying physiological mechanisms and for testing treatments and interventions. In a screen of voluntary wheel‐running behavior in N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenized C57BL/6J mice, we discovered two lines with low body weights and aberrant wheel‐running patterns suggestive of a fatigue phenotype. Affected progeny from these lines had lower daily activity levels and exhibited low amplitude circadian rhythm alterations. Their aberrant behavior was characterized by frequent interruptions and periods of inactivity throughout the dark phase of the light‐dark cycle and increased levels of activity during the rest or light phase. Expression of the behavioral phenotypes in offspring of strategic crosses was consistent with a recessive inheritance pattern. Mapping of phenotypic abnormalities showed linkage with a single locus on chromosome 1, and whole exome sequencing identified a single point mutation in the Slc2a4 gene encoding the GLUT4 insulin‐responsive glucose transporter. The single nucleotide change (A‐T, which we named “twiggy”) was in the distal end of exon 10 and resulted in a premature stop (Y440*). Additional metabolic phenotyping confirmed that these mice recapitulate phenotypes found in GLUT4 knockout mice. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a mutation in this gene has been shown to result in extensive changes in general behavioral patterns. These findings suggest that GLUT4 may be involved in circadian behavioral abnormalities and could provide insights into fatigue in humans.
Inferring phenotypic plasticity and population responses to climate across tree species ranges using forest inventory data
Authors: Fréjaville Thibaut , Fady Bruno , Kremer Antoine , Ducousso Alexis , Benito Garzón Marta
Published: May 2019

Aim

To test whether intraspecific trait responses to climate among populations across species distribution ranges can be untangled using field observations, under the rationale that, in natural forest tree populations, long‐term climate shapes population responses while recent climate change drives phenotypic plasticity.

Location

Europe.

Time period

1901–2014.

Taxa

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.].

Methods

We estimated the variation of individual tree height as a function of long‐term and short‐term climates to tease apart provenance effects (variation among populations of different geographical origin), plasticity and their interaction, using mixed‐effect models calibrated with national forest inventory data (in‐situ models). To validate our approach, we tested the ability of in‐situ models to predict independently tree height observations in common gardens experiments where provenance and plastic effects can be measured and separated. In‐situ model predictions of tree height variation among provenances and among planting sites were compared to observations in common gardens and to predictions from a similar model calibrated using common garden data (ex‐situ model).

Results

In Q. petraea, we found high correlations between in‐situ and ex‐situ model predictions of provenance and plasticity effects and their interaction for tree height (r > .80). We showed that the in‐situ models significantly predicted tree height variation among provenances and sites for A. alba and Q. petraea. Spatial predictions of phenotypic plasticity across species distribution ranges indicate decreasing tree height in populations of warmer climates in response to recent anthropogenic climate warming.

Main conclusions

Our modelling approach using national forest inventory observations provides a new perspective for understanding patterns of intraspecific trait variation across species ranges. Its application is particularly interesting for species for which common garden experiments do not exist or do not cover the entire climatic range of the species.
“Putting people in charge of their own health and care?” Using meta‐narrative review and the example of online sexual health services to re‐think relationships between e‐health and agency
Authors: Baraitser Paula , Cribb Alan
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Policy discussions reference ideas of informed and active users of e‐health services who gain agency through self‐management, choice and care delivered outside clinical settings. In this article, we aim to problematize this association by “thinking with” material from multiple disciplines to generate higher order insights to inform service development, research and policy.

Methods

Drawing on meta‐narrative review methods, we gathered perspectives from multiple disciplines using an iterative process of expert consultation to identify seminal papers citation mapping, synthesis and peer review.

Results

We identify six relevant paradigms from sociology, philosophy, health services research, public health, the study of social movements and computer studies. Bringing these paradigms together illuminates the contrasting epistemological and ontological framings that co‐exist in this area, including competing conceptualizations of e‐health technologies as: neutral tools for service delivery, mediators within complex and unpredictable clinical interactions and as agents in their own right.

Discussion

There is a need for e‐health policy to recognize many human and non‐human actors, the blurred boundaries between them and the unpredictable and evolving interactions that constitute engagement with e‐health care. Established models for e‐health service development and policy making are not designed for this landscape. There is nothing to be gained by asking whether e‐health, in general, either “increases” or “decreases” agency. Rather specific types and aspects of e‐health have diverse effects and can be simultaneously enabling and disempowering, and be differentially experienced by differently positioned and resourced actors.
Carboxypeptidase A4 promotes proliferation and stem cell characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Hao Chengfei , Wang Haibo , Shang Haitao , Li Zhonglian
Published: May 2019

Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), a member of the metallo‐carboxypeptidase family, is overexpressed in liver cancer and is associated with cancer progression. The role ofCPA4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relevance ofCPA4 to the proliferation and expression of stem cell characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis showed highCPA4 expression in the liver cancer cell line Bel7402 and low expression in HepG2 cells. Knock‐down ofCPA4 decreased cancer cell proliferation as detected byMTTand clone formation assays. The serum‐free culture system revealed that downregulatedCPA4 suppressed the sphere formation capacities of tumour cells. However, upregulatedCPA4 increased the proliferation and sphere formation capacity. In addition, the protein expression ofCD133,ALDH1 andCD44 also increased in cells with upregulatedCPA4. In vivo, the overexpression ofCPA4 in tumour cells that were subcutaneously injected into nude mice markedly increased the growth of the tumours. These data suggest thatCPA4 expression leads to poor prognoses by regulating tumour proliferation and the expression of stem cell characteristics and may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target ofHCC.
Predictors and histopathological characteristics of non‐diabetic renal disorders in diabetes: a look from the tubulointerstitial point of view
Authors: Heybeli Cihan , Oktan Mehmet A. , Arda Hayri U. , Yildiz Serkan , Unlu Mehtat , Demir Tevfik , Cavdar Caner , Sifil Aykut , Celik Ali , Sarioglu Sulen , Camsari Taner
Published: May 2019

Background

Prevalence and characteristics of non‐diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is different between populations, and seems to be largely dependent on biopsy policies.

Aim

To investigate clinical clues for NDRD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to analyse renal prognosis of patients based on pathological diagnosis.

Methods

We retrospectively searched medical records of 115 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent a renal biopsy between 2004 and 2018. Patients were divided into three groups as diabetic nephropathy (DN), NDRD + DN or NDRD based on histopathological examination.

Results

Thirty‐six (31.3%) patients had DN, 33 (28.7%) had DN + NDRD and 46 (40%) had NDRD. The absence of diabetic retinopathy, recent onset of diabetes, abnormal disease chronology, and blood haemoglobin was associated with the presence of NDRD in univariate analysis. Abnormal disease chronology which was defined as the presence of acute proteinuria and/or acute kidney injury that are unexpected to be related to evolution of diabetic nepropathy (odds ratio 4.65, 95% confidence interval 1.44–15.00; P = 0.010) and absence of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 3.44, 95% confidence interval 1.32–8.98; P = 0.012) were independently associated with the presence of NDRD in multivariate analysis. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most frequent type of NDRD. Diseases that affect tubulointerstitial area were more prevalent in the DN + NDRD group compared to the NDRD group (P = 0.001). Renal survival, which was defined as evolution to end‐stage renal disease, was 59.5 ± 14.4 months, 93.7 ± 11.7 months and 87.2 ± 2.6 months for DN, DN + NDRD and NDRD groups, respectively (P = 0.005).

Conclusions

Renal biopsy is essential in certain clinical conditions as diagnosis of NDRD is vital for favourable renal survival. DN may facilitate superimposed tubular injury in the presence of toxic insults.
Antimicrobial stewardship in diabetic ketoacidosis: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Gassiep Ian , Bachmeier Caroline , Hendry Stephanie , Emeto Theophilus I. , Armstrong Mark , Sangla Kunwarjit , Heather Christopher S.
Published: May 2019

Background

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common and serious complication arising predominantly in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. International data demonstrate that infection is one of the most common precipitating causes of DKA. Currently there are limited data regarding the role of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in this setting.

Aim

To provide epidemiologic data regarding infections precipitating DKA, microbiological aetiology and antimicrobial prescribing practices in order to inform AMS interventions.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all type 1 diabetes mellitus DKA presentations from May 2015 to June 2018.

Results

In total, 249 DKA presentations occurred in 111 patients. Suspected infection accounted for 100/249 (40%) presentations, and only 36/249 (14.5%) were proven or probable infections. Skin and soft tissue infection was the most common (9/36, 25%), followed by urinary tract infection (8/36, 22%) and respiratory tract infection (7/36, 19%). A pathogen was identified in 24/100 presumed infections and included Staphylococcus aureus (24, 46%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4/24, 17%) and Escherichia coli (3/24, 13%). No viral pathogens were identified. Of 80 empirical antimicrobial prescriptions, 75% were inappropriate based on guideline management of the documented suspected infection. Single agent ceftriaxone was appropriately prescribed in 7/23 (30%) cases, and was most frequently prescribed overall 23/80 (29%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a lower incidence of infection compared to most previous publications, and suggests that infection‐precipitated DKA may be over reported. Furthermore, our findings provide support for the role of AMS in the management of DKA.
Efficacy of adjunctive anti‐plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: A systematic review and network meta‐analyses
Authors: Figuero Elena , Herrera David , Tobías Aurelio , Serrano Jorge , Roldán Silvia , Escribano Marta , Martín Conchita
Published: May 2019

Aim

The aim of this network meta‐analysis (NMA) was to compare the efficacy of different oral hygiene products for chemical biofilm control, in 6‐month home‐use, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), in terms of changes in gingival index (GI).

Material and Methods

Six‐month RCTs assessing GI were identified and screened for inclusion. Relevant information was extracted, and quality and potential risk of bias were estimated. Mean differences between baseline and end were calculated to obtain standardized mean differences (SMDs). NMA protocols were applied to assess direct and indirect comparisons among products using Löe & Silness GI, modified GI and gingival severity index.

Results

Fifty‐three papers were included, 19 studies for mouth rinses, 32 for dentifrices, comprising data from 5,775 and 2,682 subjects, respectively. When ranking treatments, similar results were observed for all tested dentifrices, with the lowest effect observed for sanguinarine and baking soda. For mouth rinses, essential oils, triclosan–copolymer, chlorhexidine (at concentrations ≥ 0.10%) and cetylpyridinium chloride (>0.05%) demonstrated the greatest effect.

Conclusion

Although NMA revealed significant differences when comparing placebo versus some active agents, when comparing among active agents, no differences were found for dentifrices, while mouth rinses containing essential oils showed the greatest effect on GI scores.
Retraction: Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Saad K. , Abdel‐Rahman A. , Elserogy Y. , Al‐Atram A. , El‐Houfey A. , Othman H. , Bjørklund G. , Jia F. , Urbina M. , Abo‐Elela M. , Ahmad F. , Abd El‐Baseer A. , Ahmed A. , Abdel‐Salam A.
Published: May 2019

The above article, published in print in the Jan 2018 issue of the Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry and online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by the JCPP Editor‐in‐Chief, Edmund Sonuga‐Barke, and John Wiley & Sons.

Following a series of communications from readers highlighting concerns about the paper (now published on the journal website), the journal editors requested that the authors send them the raw data from the trial. In response the authors informed the editors that; (i) the electronic data base had been lost following a computer outage and (ii) that they could send only 95 out of 120 hard‐copy participant data sheets as one site had closed and was no longer contactable. The substantial data loss in and of itself posed a serious difficulty in verifying the correctness of the data presented in the paper. The JCPP then analysed the data from the 95 cases itself. A number of significant discrepancies emerged between the re‐analysis and the findings reported in the paper both in terms of means and standard deviations of key outcome variables across the trial. These involved very substantial differences that we judged to be extremely unlikely to have arisen due to variations in composition of the original and re‐analysed samples. We also discovered previously unidentified/reported problems with missing data and recording irregularities regarding changes in treatment regimen and subject identifiers.

As a result of these issues the Editors no longer have confidence in the findings reported in the original paper. Based on all these matters combined and following published guidance from the Committee on Publishing Ethics (COPE) and Wiley's Best Practice Guidelines on Publishing Ethics, we have decided that the only course of action available to us is to retract the paper.
Low Drosha protein expression in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma is associated with worse disease outcome
Authors: Gambichler T. , Salveridou K. , Schmitz L. , Käfferlein H.U. , Brüning T. , Stockfleth E. , Sand M. , Lang K.
Published: May 2019

Background

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) key regulators may contribute to the pathogenesis of malignancies. miRNA machinery genes such Dicer and Drosha have been reported to be biomarkers in different cancer types.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate Drosha and Dicer protein expression in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Methods

We performed Drosha and Dicer immunohistochemistry in 45 patients with mycosis fungoides and subtypes. Drosha and Dicer expression scores were correlated with clinical parameters including disease‐specific death (DSD), stage of disease and different laboratory data. Uni‐ and multivariate statistics were performed.

Results

On univariate analysis, elevated serum LDH and low Drosha expression were significantly associated with advanced stage (P = 0.032 and 0.0062, respectively) and lymphoma‐specific death (LSD; P = 0.017 and P = 0.005, respectively). Moreover, elevated circulating CD4+/CD26− lymphocytes were significantly associated with advanced stage (P = 0.032) and DSD (P = 0.0098). On multivariate analysis, low Drosha expression remained in the logistic regression model as significant independent predictor for advanced disease stages [P = 0.013; odds ratio: 5 (confidence interval) CI 1.3–19.3]. Moreover, low Drosha expression (P = 0.026) and elevated LDH (P = 0.025) remained as significant independent predictors for DSD with odds ratios of 13.5 (CI 1.3–134.4 and 8.7 CI 1.3–57.2, respectively).

Conclusions

Low Drosha expression is an independent predictor for advanced stage as well as LSD in CTCL patients indicating a tumour suppressor gene function of Drosha in this disorder.
Safety of selective IL‐23p19 inhibitors for the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Crowley J.J. , Warren R.B. , Cather J.C.
Published: May 2019

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that requires long‐term treatment. Consequently, understanding the safety and tolerability of any potential treatment over time is critical to effective prescribing. The biologic agents currently available for the treatment of psoriasis target a number of different inflammatory cytokines involved in psoriasis disease pathogenesis. The monoclonal antibodies tildrakizumab, guselkumab and risankizumab target the p19 subunit that is specific to interleukin (IL)‐23. This article reviews published data on the safety of these IL‐23p19 inhibitors in patients with psoriasis compared with other currently available biologic therapies. Data from randomized, placebo‐ and active‐controlled phase 3 clinical trials show tildrakizumab, guselkumab and risankizumab to have a favourable risk–benefit profile in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. No significant safety concerns have been observed for any of these IL‐23p19 inhibitors in the data published to date. The most commonly reported adverse events (AEs) associated with these agents in phase 3 studies were upper respiratory tract infections. No increase was seen in rates of serious infections, malignancies or major adverse cardiovascular events, with no signals suggestive of an elevated risk of opportunistic infections, active tuberculosis or reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection, mucocutaneous Candida infections, triggering or worsening of inflammatory bowel disease, demyelinating disorders or suicidal ideation. Selectively targeting IL‐23p19 may help avoid AEs that have been associated with biologic agents with other mechanisms of action. Data from long‐term extension studies and patient registries will further establish the safety profile of IL‐23p19 inhibitors for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis in routine practice.
Evaluation of the trueness and precision of complete arch digital impressions on a human maxilla using seven different intraoral digital impression systems and a laboratory scanner
Authors: Mennito Anthony S. , Evans Zachary P. , Nash Jansen , Bocklet Christopher , Lauer (Kelly) Abigail , Bacro Thierry , Cayouette Monica , Ludlow Mark , Renne Walter G.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

An impression accuracy study using a cadaver maxilla was performed using both prepared and intact teeth as well as palatal tissue.

Materials and Methods

Three crown preparations were performed on a cadaver maxilla. Seven different digital impression systems along with polyvinylsiloxane impressions were used to create digital models of the maxilla. Three‐dimensional (3D) files of the experimental models were compared to a master model. The 3D files were overlaid and analyzed using a comparison software to create color coded figures that were measured for deviations between the master and experimental models.

Results

For scanning tooth structure, only the Planscan was significantly less accurate than the rest of impression techniques. No significant differences in accuracy were found between models created using digital impressions and those created from traditional vinyl polysiloxane impressions with cross arch deviations ranging from 18 to 39 μm for each.

Conclusions

Impressions taken using all digital impression systems, save for the Planscan, were able to accurately replicate the tissues of a complete arch human maxilla.

Clinical Significance

Studies examining accuracy of digital impression systems have generally been performed on materials other than dental tissues. Optically, materials such as plastic and metal have properties different from enamel and dentin. This study evaluates accuracy of digital impression systems on human dentin, enamel, and soft tissues.
Theorizing Family Change: A Review and Reconceptualization
Authors: Knapp Stan J. , Wurm Greg
Published: May 2019

We review how recent family scholarship theorizes recent family change as either a process of deinstitutionalization, in which family can no longer be understood in institutional terms, or a process of diversification, in which family life is expanding but not losing its institutional character. We argue that both approaches emerge out of and depend on a social institutional framework for understanding family that was developed in 20th‐century sociology. Despite producing a wealth of research, both approaches have difficulty adequately conceptualizing the institutional character of family and providing ways of theorizing family change. We introduce an alternative to a social institutional framework, a Weberian institutional logics approach, which provides a different way to understand the institutional character of family life and thereby affords new interpretations and avenues for theory and research on family change in the 21st century.
Fractures and Subsequent Graft Loss and Mortality among Older Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Salter Megan L. , Liu Xinran , Bae Sunjae , Chu Nadia M. , Miller Dunham Alexandra , Humbyrd Casey , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara A.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES

Older adults who undergo kidney transplantation (KT) are living longer with a functioning graft and are at risk for age‐related adverse events including fractures. Understanding recipient, transplant, and donor factors and the outcomes associated with fractures may help identify older KT recipients at increased risk. We determined incidence of hip, vertebral, and extremity fractures; assessed factors associated with incident fractures; and estimated associations between fractures and subsequent death‐censored graft loss (DCGL) and mortality.

DESIGN

This was a prospective cohort study of patients who underwent their first KT between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2014.

SETTING

We linked data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients to Medicare claims through the US Renal Data System.

PARTICIPANTS

The analytic population included 47 815 KT recipients aged 55 years or older.

MEASUREMENTS

We assessed the cumulative incidence of and factors associated with post‐KT fractures (hip, vertebral, or extremity) using competing risks models. We estimated risk of DCGL and mortality after fracture using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

The 5‐year incidence of post‐KT hip, vertebral, and extremity fracture for those aged 65 to 69 years was 2.2%, 1.0%, and 1.7%, respectively. Increasing age was associated with higher hip (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.37 per 5‐y increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30‐1.45) and vertebral (aHR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.20‐1.42) but not extremity (aHR = .97; 95% CI = .91‐1.04) fracture risk. DCGL risk was higher after hip (aHR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.12‐1.60) and extremity (aHR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.08‐1.57) fracture. Mortality risk was higher after hip (aHR = 2.31; 95% CI = 2.11‐2.52), vertebral (aHR = 2.80; 95% CI = 2.44‐3.21), and extremity (aHR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.64‐2.10) fracture.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that older KT recipients are at higher risk for hip and vertebral fracture but not extremity fracture; and those with hip, vertebral, or extremity fracture are more likely to experience subsequent graft loss or mortality. These findings underscore that different fracture types may have different underlying etiologies and risks, and they should be approached accordingly. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1680–1688, 2019
Central aspects of systemic oestradiol negative‐ and positive‐feedback on the reproductive neuroendocrine system
Authors: Moenter Suzanne M. , Silveira Marina A. , Wang Luhong , Adams Caroline
Published: May 2019

The central nervous system regulates fertility via the release of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH). This control revolves around the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis, which operates under traditional homeostatic feedback by sex steroids from the gonads in males and most of the time in females. An exception is the late follicular phase in females, when homeostatic feedback is suspended and a positive‐feedback response to oestradiol initiates the preovulatory surges of GnRH and luteinising hormone. Here, we briefly review the history of how mechanisms underlying central control of ovulation by circulating steroids have been studied, discuss the relative merit of different model systems and integrate some of the more recent findings in this area into an overall picture of how this phenomenon occurs.
Amygdala functioning during threat acquisition and extinction differentiates antisocial subtypes
Authors: Fanti Kostas A. , Konikou Katerina , Cohn Moran , Popma Arne , Brazil Inti A.
Published: May 2019

Extensive work implicates abnormal amygdala response during threatening stimuli in youth with antisocial behaviour. However, no research has examined whether youth identified in Primary and Secondary psychopathy subtypes would show differences in amygdala activity in response to threat acquisition and extinction. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct antisocial groups based on participants’ scores on callous–unemotional (CU) traits, anxiety, and familial abuse in a sample of 136 high‐risk adolescents (mean age = 17.7, SD = 1.6; 86% male). Functional MRI was then used to assess amygdala activation patterns during a classical differential delay threat‐conditioning task. In addition to the Primary and Secondary subtypes, we identified groups mainly high on anxiety and others who were mainly high on abuse. Participants in the Primary group showed lower right amygdala activity in response to neutral male faces compared to the low, Anxious, and Secondary groups, whereas participants in the group with history of abuse exhibited higher right amygdala activity during threat acquisition compared to the rest of the groups. During threat extinction, the Primary group showed lower right amygdala activity compared to the Secondary and abuse groups. This is the first study to reveal amygdala activation in identified psychopathy‐related variants during threat conditioning. We found that stratifying the sample based on the identified variants revealed amygdala functioning patterns that furthered our understanding of emotion‐based deficits among high‐risk adolescents.
Measuring Institutional Investors’ Skill at Making Private Equity Investments
Authors: CAVAGNARO DANIEL R. , SENSOY BERK A. , WANG YINGDI , WEISBACH MICHAEL S.
Published: May 2019

Using a large sample of institutional investors’ investments in private equity funds raised between 1991 and 2011, we estimate the extent to which investors’ skill affects their returns. Bootstrap analyses show that the variance of actual performance is higher than would be expected by chance, suggesting that some investors consistently outperform. Extending the Bayesian approach of Korteweg and Sorensen, we estimate that a one‐standard‐deviation increase in skill leads to an increase in annual returns of between one and two percentage points. These results are stronger in the earlier part of the sample period and for venture funds.
Anaplastic ependymoma arising from the lower segment of the uterine corpus: Case report and literature review
Authors: Akiyama Noboru , Tanaka Hirohiko , Izawa Miho , Asakura Tetsuo , Taniguchi Haruki , Mikami Yoshiki
Published: May 2019

To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no reports on primary uterine ependymoma. We operated on a 38‐year‐old woman suspected with uterine fibroids; surgical findings led to the diagnosis of primary anaplastic ependymoma of the uterus. Most extraneural ependymomas arising from the ovary and perigenital peritoneum occur in women of reproductive age and express estrogen and progesterone receptors. The etiology of such tumors is unknown, and a treatment strategy has not been established yet. Therefore, it is essential to accumulate cases for identifying mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and disease progression to facilitate diagnosis and development of an effective treatment.
Impact of taxane plus bevacizumab for ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules
Authors: Sho Takanari , Yanazume Shintaro , Fukuda Mika , Togami Shinichi , Kamio Masaki , Kobayashi Hiroaki
Published: May 2019

Sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is rare, and 20% of SCTAT cases, excluding those associated with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, are clinically malignant. Limited data is available regarding the role of chemotherapy in the management of SCTAT. We encountered a 44‐year‐old woman with recurrent SCTAT complicated by peritoneal dissemination following a right adnexectomy. The surgical resection could not be performed completely due to the wide extension of the tumor. Considering the potential of becoming malignant, we chose a combination of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) as postoperative chemotherapy treatment. However, the patient showed partial response following a complete BEP regimen. The patient received three courses of chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin plus bevacizumab. After the combination chemotherapy, positron emission tomography‐computed tomography scan confirmed a complete response, and is currently continuing bevacizumab treatment without relapsing and having no major adverse effects from complications. This case proved the potential of a combination of taxane and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent SCTAT.
Characterization of the Basal Ganglia Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Children with Self‐Injurious Behavior and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Gipson Tanjala T. , Poretti Andrea , Kelley Sarah A. , Carson Kathryn A. , Johnston Michael V. , Huisman Thierry A.G.M.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, genetic disease that is associated with multiple manifestations including epilepsy and autism. Self‐injurious behaviors (SIBs) also occur in a subset of patients. This study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with TSC for quantitative and volumetric analysis of brain regions that have been associated with SIB in other genetic conditions.

METHODS

We used DTI to compare 6 children with TSC‐associated SIB and 10 children with TSC without SIB. Atlas‐based analysis of DTI data and calculation of number of voxels; fractional anisotropy (FA); and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity were performed for multiple regions; DTI measures were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges and were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and false discovery rates (FDRs).

RESULTS

Analysis showed that children with TSC and SIB had reduced numbers of voxels (median) in the bilateral globus pallidus (right: 218 vs. 260, P = .008, FDR = .18; left: 222 vs. 274, P = .002, FDR = .12) and caudate nucleus (right: 712 vs. 896, P = .01, FDR = .26; left: 702 vs. 921, P = .03, FDR = .44) and reduced FA in the bilateral globus pallidus (right: .233 vs. .272, P = .003, FDR = .12; left: .223 vs. .247, P = .004, FDR = .12) and left caudate nucleus (.162 vs. .186, P = .03, FDR = .39) versus children without SIB. No other statistically significant differences were found.

CONCLUSIONS

These data support a correlation between lower volumes of the globus pallidus and caudate with SIB in children with TSC.
Management of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in Adolescent Patients: Clinical Report
Authors: Ortiz Liliana , Pereira Ann Marie , Jahangiri Leila , Choi Mijin
Published: May 2019

The oral rehabilitation of adolescent patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is complex due to the presence of mixed dentition with altered eruption sequence. In this article, the interdisciplinary treatment approach for adolescent patients with AI is discussed. The types and timing of treatments at various stages of growth are described through a literature review on this topic. AI is an inherited condition that disturbs the development of the enamel structure. Because of the presence of mixed dentition, definitive treatment options often have to be delayed until eruption of permanent dentition is complete, requiring careful treatment coordination and proper sequencing between different dental disciplines starting at a young age. Adolescent patients require prosthodontic treatment design that can be adapted to the changes in arch shapes, sizes, interarch relationship, and esthetic needs. AI patients are often challenged with both excessive and limited restorative spaces within the same arch due to the abnormal growth patterns, enamel structure, tooth size, and tooth shape. Therefore, careful determination of the required restorative space is critical to ensure optimal prognosis. This clinical report discusses treatment recommendations, timing of various treatment modalities, and involvement of appropriate interdisciplinary teams for managing adolescent patients.