bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten years institutional experience with study of prognostic factors affecting renal outcome in children with posterior urethral valves
Authors: Athawale Hemangi R.
Published: November 2020

Background: Evaluation of our 10 year’s experience and analyze the prognostic factors affecting renal outcome in children with posterior urethral valves (PUV).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 129 patients diagnosed and managed as posterior urethral valves from 2009 till 2019 in our institution age of presentation, signs and symptoms, anthropometry, surgical interventions, and biochemical investigations were recorded and data were analyzed on an excel spreadsheet.Results: Mean age of presentation was 3 years and mean follow up was 4 years. 99 underwent primary valve ablation and 30 patients underwent diversion as primary treatment, the most common presenting symptom was poor urinary stream (90), enuresis (88), and fever (60). Correlation of resolution of symptoms pre and postoperatively was statistically not significant. 26% patients developed chronic renal failure (CRF) and 8.5% patients progressed to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Correlation of mean nadir serum creatinine >1 mg/dl (p=0.030), presence of protenuria (p=0.020), bladder dysfunction (p=0.029), bilateral high grade vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) (p=0.019), hypertension (p=0.01) was statistically significant. Correlation of age of presentation (p=0.341), outcome for patients treated with diversion or valve ablation in relation to CRF (p=0.239), incontinence (p=0.209), malnutrition (p=0.194) was statistically insignificant.Conclusions: Nadir serum creatinine >1 mg/dl, presence of protenuria, bladder dysfunction, bilateral high grade VUR are significant prognostic factors affecting long term outcome in PUV. Early detection and timely management may lead to a better outcome in these patients.
A study on the predictive value of red blood cell distribution width as a biomarker of outcome in paediatric critical illness
Authors: Rudrappa Sudha , Narasimhegowda Meghana , Gopal Girish
Published: November 2020

Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple, low cost measure, which is routinely reported as a standard component of complete hemogram. Several recent studies have found a positive association between RDW and risk of both morbidity and mortality in several diseases, particularly in critically ill adults.But, data regarding the outcome predictive utility of RDW in critically ill paediatric population is limited. The objective of the study was to determine the association between RDW and mortality and morbidity in paediatric critical illness.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted from February 2019-May 2019 at Cheluvamba Hospital, Mysuru. 97 subjects admitted to Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were included in the study. Data regarding subject demographics, hospitalization characteristics, laboratory values and outcomes were collected.Results: A significant positive correlation was found between mortality among critically ill children and RDW measured within 24 hours of PICU admission (p=0.01) and peak RDW during the first 7 days of PICU stay (p=0.01). The relative change in RDW correlated significantly (p=0.01) with the number of intensive care unit (ICU) free days. Our subjects were divided into quartiles based on the admission RDW, subjects in the fourth quartile were found to have the highest mean Paediatric risk of mortality (PRISM III) score, Paediatric index of mortality (PIM 2) score and the least number of ICU free days. Area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) for incidence of death was 0.706 for admission RDW,0.71 for peak RDW and 0.882 for PIM 2 score.Conclusions: Our data demonstrates that RDW at the time of PICU admission could serve as a cost-effective marker for early identification of critically ill paediatric population who are at risk for adverse outcomes.
Medical treatment of infected, ulcerative infantile hemangioma covered with pseudomembrane
Authors: Alsmadi Shadi A. , Megchelsen Rebecca A. , Akintorin Similolu M. , Byrd Allison L. , Khilfeh Manhal H.
Published: November 2020

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are benign vascular tumors in children which usually spontaneously resolve. Although these tumors are common, very few require treatment. If treatment is required, the hemangioma can be treated medically or surgically. The case described in this article is unique as it depicts a neonate with a large ulcerative IH which presented with a pseudomembrane covering the entire surface of the lesion, and was subsequently found to be infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hemangioma was treated medically rather than surgically, and the medical management of this tumor resulted in the involution of the lesion, and the healing of the ulcer.
Classical Bartter syndrome in a 3 years old girl
Authors: Lamge Sumit V. , Kamble Milind B. , Chopde Sagar G.
Published: November 2020

Bartter syndrome is rare genetic disorder of kidney characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypercalciuria, hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism with normal blood pressure. Here we report a case of 3 year old girl born of consanguious marriage, with complaints of not gaining weight with history of polyuria, polydipsia, having clinical and laboratory features of Bartter syndrome.
Ocular manifestations of de-Morsiers syndrome
Authors: Arora Priyanka , Arora Kamaldeep , Utaal Shubhneek K. D. , Chopra Sumeet
Published: November 2020

A two-year old male child presented to the ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) with parents complaining of child’s inability to make an eye contact. On examination, the patient had horizontal manifest nystagmus with no fixing and following. The pupillary reactions and the anterior segment examination were normal. Fundus examination in both eyes revealed small optic disc with 360 degree hyperpigmented ring in both the eyes (Figure 1 A and B). The macula was >2 disc diameter (DD) in distance from optic disc, suggestive of optic nerve hypoplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed absent septum pellucidum (Figure 1 C and D). Serum growth hormone levels were significantly high. Based on the examination and investigations, diagnosis of de Morsier’s syndrome was made.
Prospective study of patients with membranous patch over the tonsil at GIMS, Kalaburagi
Authors: Melkundi Renuka S. , Patil Siddaram
Published: November 2020

Background: Current study was done to know various clinical aspects of membranous patch over the tonsil.

Methods: Data for the study were collected from patients who presented with membranous patch over the tonsil in the department of ENT at GIMS, Kalaburagi from January 2019 to December 2019. This is a prospective case study. 225 patients were included in the study. Once patient was presented to us detailed history, examination and necessary investigations were done.

Results: The present study included 225 patients out of which out of which females were 132 (59%) and males were 93 (41%). The predominant clinical features were sore throat (225 cases), fever (212 cases), dysphagia (90 cases) and bull neck (45 cases). The most common cause of membranous patch over tonsil was found to be diphtheria (68%) followed by streptococcal tonsillitis (30%) and others (2%). In our study microbiological investigations like Albert stain was positive in 153 cases and culture was positive in 140 cases.

Conclusions: It was observed in our study that diphtheria constitutes the majority (68%) and the incidence of adult is almost on par with paediatric age group. Despite of UIP we have seen increased incidence in the adult age group. Hence it requires the health agencies and the Government to increase immunization coverage, as India has witnessed the highest number of cases in the world for the year 2015. As evident from the shift in age groups being infected, adult booster dose has to be introduced at 10 years interval.
Pre-treatment clinical study of rhinosinusitis impact on the quality of life among patients having both external nasal deformity and deviated nasal septum
Authors: M. S. Sudhakar Rao , N. Vijaya T. , . Bipinkumar
Published: November 2020

Background: Sino-nasal disease often gives an experience of impacting quality of life significantly, more so among chronic cases. Hence a self-perceived disease specific impact viz rhinosinusitis disability index (RSDI) which is a validated reliable measure of quality of life is being studied.

Methods: A prospective study conducted on patients, attending department of ENT on out and or in-patient basis who are diagnosed to have rhinosinusitis with external nasal deformity and deviated nasal septum (DNS) were selected on simple random basis for this study between July 2018 to November 2019. This study group subjected for answering standard questionnaire of RSDI proforma before treatment. Data statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.

Results: Among the statistically calculated ‘n' (40) patients of this study, 23 were male (57.5%) and 17 were female (42.5%) patients of the age between 15-45 years. In our study, majority of patients (n=23) had simple type DNS (57.5%), followed by obstructive type 37.5% (n=15) and impacted type 5% (n=2) and majority of patients showed type I (50%) external nasal deformity followed by type V (25%). In our study, 11 patients were diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis, 15 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and 14 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The physical, functional and emotional domains showed no statistical significance with respect to external nasal deformity and DNS. However, disease factor had statistically significant impact (p<0.05) on the quality of life among rhinosinusitis patients with mean scores of 13.7, 19.42, and 10.80.

Conclusions: In rhinosinusitis patients, the disease affects the quality of life in terms of physical, functional and emotional domains, but not by the external nasal deformity and or DNS associated.
Various treatment options of early carcinoma buccal mucosa involving commissure: a tertiary care centre experience of six years
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Susikar Sujay , Hussain Syed Afroze , Robert Kenny
Published: November 2020

Background: Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the most common cancer of the oral cavity in India and involvement of commissure poses unique challenge in reconstruction after surgery. Aim was to analyse the demographics, presentations and various treatment options of early carcinoma buccal mucosa involving oral commissure.

Methods: A retrospective review from clinical case records at our institution between 2014 and 2019 were analysed. All the cases recruited were analysed based on patient characteristics, clinical presentation, surgical and adjuvant therapy rendered. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 software.  

Results: A total of 40 patients of primary carcinoma buccal mucosa with T1 to T3 disease involving commissure were analysed. Median age of presentation was 51 years with male preponderance (24:16). 32 patients were offered surgery as the initial line of management and 8 received definitive radiotherapy. The estimated 5-year survival was around 30%. Two patients with clinically T2 disease were upstaged in the postoperative histopathology to T3 and T4a respectively one due to depth of invasion >10 mm and the other owing to commissural skin involvement detected only in the final HPE.

Conclusions: Early carcinoma of the buccal mucosa clinically extending from commissure poses unique challenges in choosing treatment modalities. In view of the location of the tumour it poses a small chance of upstaging of early disease in the final histopathology.
Clinical and audiological evaluation of post traumatic hearing loss
Authors: Shankar Abhijit , George Shibu , Somaraj Satheesh
Published: November 2020

Background: Post traumatic hearing loss is one of the most common problems encountered among trauma victims. It can manifest as conductive, sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. It is against this background that the study evaluated the clinical and audiological outcome of 47 patients of trauma.

Methods: A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted over a period January 2017 to March 2018. Follow up was done after 3 months of discharge. Study consisted of 47 patients presenting with features of trauma related injuries. After carrying out systematic clinical, audiometric and radiological evaluation, patients were managed conservatively.

Results: Of the 47 patients studied, 89.98% were related to road traffic accidents (RTAs); and 76.60% were under the influence of alcohol at the time of trauma. Among the 32 cases of the RTAs involving two wheelers, 29 patients (90.62%) were not using protective devices like helmet. Nearly 90% of patients had temporal bone fracture. Audiological evaluation confirmed hearing loss in 77% of patients at presentation. There was significant improvement of hearing thresholds with 51% attaining normal hearing at follow up with conservative management.

Conclusions: Post traumatic hearing loss was very common, conductive hearing loss being the most common type. It resolved over a few days to few weeks post injury. Timely diagnosis and management with early steroid therapy showed encouraging results for patients with traumatic sensorineural hearing loss or mixed hearing loss.
A large malignant oncocytoma of parotid gland: a case report
Authors: Mohan Nidhi S. , Vernekar Sunita S. , Samee Mohammed M. Abus , D. Manjunath
Published: November 2020

Malignant oncocytoma is an extremely rare neoplasm of the salivary gland accounting for 0.5% of epithelial salivary gland malignancies and 0.18% of epithelial salivary gland tumors. We report a case of malignant oncocytoma of left parotid gland in a 61-year old female patient. Patient presented with a 6-year history of painless swelling in the left parotid region. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the swelling was suggestive of pleomorphic adenoma. A computed tomography scan performed did not reveal any features suggestive of malignancy. Patient underwent left superficial parotidectomy. However, histopathological examination of the specimen turned out to be malignant oncocytoma. Malignant oncocytoma of salivary glands have rare incidence and may have similar morphologic features with other neoplasms. Despite the tumor being large and malignant in this case, there was no facial palsy preoperatively. As histopathology is often diagnostic, the possibility of malignancy always must be kept in mind preoperatively even when there is no facial palsy or fine needle aspiration cytology not showing up malignancy.
Can mode of anaesthesia interfere with the discharge in patients undergoing day care ureteroscopic surgeries? A randomized control trial comparing general with spinal anaesthesia
Authors: B Gayathri , L N Sundaram , S Aishwarya , Ravi Saravanan
Published: November 2020

Improvement in Surgical and Anaesthetic techniques allows even complex surgeries to be performed as day care cases. The objective of the study is to compare the recovery parameters of patients undergoing anaesthesia for ambulatory surgeries under General or Spinal Anaesthesia.

After approval by IEC, this study was performed in 60 patients undergoing elective ureteroscopic procedures. Patients were Randomized to receive either General anaesthesia (Group GA: n=30) or Spinal Anaesthesia (Group GA: n=30). GA was induced using standard protocols with airway maintained spontaneously using LMA. In group SA patients received 1.5 ml 0.75% Isobaric Ropivacaine for providing anaesthesia. Vitals were recorded in both the groups throughout the procedure. In addition to intra operative haemodynamics, the onset of duration and percentage of patients achieving complete sensory & motor block was also recorded in SA group.

Patients were kept in phase I recovery till score of Aldrete 9 was reached. In phase II recovery (PACU) the percentage of patients sitting at 180 min, standing at 300 min and walking at 360 min were recorded. The psychomotor skills of patients were assessed using digit symbol substitution test (DSST) before discharging from phase II recovery. The main criteria for discharging patients from phase II recovery was Post Anaesthesia Discharge scoring (PADSS). Patients were discharged from phase II recovery on reaching PADSS <10.

Seventy three patients were enrolled and 60 patients completed the study. The onset of sensory and motor block in Group SA was 6.61±0.83 min and the onset of motor block was 9.48±0.91 min. Percentage of patients achieving complete sensory & motor block was 71%. The duration of sensory block was 208± 17.95 min and the duration of motor block was 182.07±15.98. Patients in group GA took 221.07± 4.97 and Group SA took 110.72± 7.04 min to reach Aldrete score of 10 (p value <0.05). At 180 min only 22.33% patients in group GA were able to sit, while in Group SA it was 70 (p value <0.05). The comfort score assessed by surgeon was excellent in group GA (4/4) and was only satisfactory (2/4) in Group SA. There was no difference in pain perception or PADSS at 360 min or psychomotor skills tested by Digital symbol substitution test (DSST).

The technique of Anaesthesia doesn’t interfere with readiness of patients to discharge home in terms of maintain stable vitals, pain or side effects. Isobaric Ropivacaine was found to be a poor choice for providing spinal anaesthesia due to slow onset of sensory block, inability to achieve complete motor block thus providing difficulty to operating surgeon.
A prospective study to compare haemodynamic and respiratory parameters using proseal laryengeal mask airway and endotracheal intubation in children undergoing videoendoscopic surgery
Authors: H Ruparel Dipakumar , Wankhede Amit M , Usha G
Published: November 2020

Proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) is being used increasingly apart from its gold standard alternative endotracheal tube (ETT) in airway management during paediatric laparoscopy. Limited data is available on effects of carboperitoneum on hemodynamics and pulmonary mechanics in paediatric patients. We aimed to assess effect of carboperitoneum on hemodynamics and pulmonary mechanics in paediatric patients undergoing video-endoscopic surgeries when PLMA and ETT are used.

After ethics committee approval and consent, 60 patients aged 1-10 years scheduled for laparoscopic surgeries were included in study and randomly allocated to two groups of 30 each. Airway maintained with PLMA in first group and ETT in group II. Hemodynamic parameters and ventilatory parameters were recorded at different time intervals from prior to insertion of airway device till deflation of carboperitoneum.

Statistically significant increased heart rate, systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure was observed in ETT group as compared to PLMA group during airway insertion and during rest of study period changes were analogous in both groups. Ventilatory parameters saturation, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), plateau pressure (PP) and ETCO2 were comparable in both groups except during post deflation period where PP, PIP and ETCO2 remained elevated.

Proseal-LMA can be equally good option in paediatric laparoscopy with better hemodynamic stability and ventilatory parameters as degree of changes caused by carboperitoneum in PLMA group was insignificant compared to ETT.
Analgesic effect provided by femoral nerve block versus intravenous fentanyl prior to positioning for sub arachnoid block in patients with fracture femur- An open label, prospective, clinical study
Authors: Dhimar Aditi A , George Ivy , Upadhyay M R
Published: November 2020

Pain during positioning in patients with fracture femurresults in improper position and makes subarachnoid block difficult. The aim of our study was to evaluate femoral nerve block and intravenous fentanyl for positioning the patient for subarachnoid block.

This open labelled prospective, clinical study was carried out in 60 patients aged 18-70 years of either sex, of ASAPS/ EASAPS – I, II and III, posted for fracture femur surgery under subarachnoid block and likely to have pain while positioning and who understand VAS score. Patients with contraindications to subarachnoid block, allergy to study drugs, history of drug or alcohol abuse, patient with multiple fractures and unable to understand VAS score were excluded from the study. Patients were assigned into two groups alternately in Group FNB(femoral nerve block was given) and Group FENT (intravenous Fentanyl 1µg/kg was given) for positioning before subarachnoid block. Assessment of pain was done using VAS score before and after positioning, time taken to achieve position, quality of position, patient acceptance and additional doses of fentanyl requirement during positioning. Patients were also observed for sedation score, pulse rate, NIBP and oxygen saturation.

VAS score 10 minutes after giving analgesia and during positioning was less in group FNB (1.97±0.56) as compared to group FENT (2.87±0.35), which was statistically very highly significant (P < 0.0001). None of the patient required additional dose in either group.

FNB provides adequate analgesia, hence satisfactory positioning for sub arachnoid block with stable hemodynamics as compared to intravenous fentanyl.
Anaesthesia consideration for carinal resection and reconstruction - A case report
Authors: Bodkhe Amit Y , Upadhye Sanjay M , Deshpande Ramakant , Nadkarni Meghana M , Pitale Chitra C
Published: November 2020

A 25- year old male patient, with subcarinal mass projecting into carina and lower tracheal lumen underwent carinal resection and reconstruction surgery. This was done through the laryngeal drop and bilateral thoracotomy approach. Intraoperative course was complicated by persistent hypoxia and arrhythmias. This report explores the various anaesthetic issues involved which were effectively managed.
Post-operative subcutaneous emphysema- are anesthesiologists always at fault
Authors: Sarna Rashi , Srinivasan Arunkumaar , Jain Kompal
Published: November 2020

Subcutaneous emphysema (SE) following general anesthesia though a rare and benign entity, however if extensive can cause tremendous patient discomfort. Development of post operative SE cannot be simply ignored and may indicate possible grave injuries like injury to the airway that might require prompt recognition and management. We report a rare case of postoperative SE after an emergency laparotomy surgery, secondary to an uncommon iatrogenic cause.
El marxismo en México. Una historia intelectual
Authors: Rodriguez Sánchez Adrian Gerardo
Published: November 2020

Carlos Illades, El marxismo en México. Una historia intelectual, México, Taurus, 2018.
Los bajos fondos: historia de un imaginario
Authors: Canales Claudia
Published: November 2020

Dominique Kalifa, Los bajos fondos: historia de un imaginario, México, Instituto Mora, 2018, 341p.
Otra historia para otra psiquiatría
Authors: Sacristán Cristina
Published: November 2020

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Fronteras y jerarquías familiares en casos de colocaciones domésticas en la ciudad y la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1940-1960
Authors: Pérez Inés
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza las fronteras de lo familiar a la luz de tres casos de colocaciones domésticas en la Argentina de las décadas centrales del siglo XX. Se utiliza un corpus de fuentes diversas, que incluye entrevistas y legajos de menores de instituciones públicas, para mostrar distintas formas que podían adquirir las relaciones originadas en este tipo de colocaciones. Puntualmente, se explora el lugar que en ellas tenían el afecto y las fronteras emocionales, y los modos en que circulaba el dinero. El artículo busca mostrar la diversidad de relaciones en las que se intercambiaba trabajo doméstico y de cuidados por dinero en este periodo, para señalar el lugar de la afectividad en la construcción de las desigualdades y jerarquías sociales.
Analizando un relato de fotografías “únicas”: Désiré Charnay (1857-1860)
Authors: Aguayo Hernández Fernando
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza la imagen del explorador Désiré Charnay, es decir, la idea y representación que se tiene sobre dicho explorador, producto del relato escrito por él mismo, el cual ha sido retomado sin analizar las contradicciones que existen en sus aseveraciones. En este estudio se discutirá la originalidad de su obra fotográfica en dos sentidos; por un lado, analizándola en contraposición con la obra del húngaro Pál Rosti y, por el otro, discutiendo los aportes científicos de las fotografías de Charnay, sin dejar de lado el cuestionamiento sobre la supuesta actividad de este “explorador solitario”. Así, la hipótesis que se desarrolla es que, como toda imagen, la idea que tenemos de este personaje es producto de la luz emitida en un tiempo y con un propósito específico; al cambiar la distribución de la luz, es posible rescatar a otros personajes, otras intenciones y nuevas interpretaciones a través de explicaciones más críticas y contextualizadas.
La otra internacional. Prácticas globales y anclajes nacionales de la liberación homosexual en Argentina y México (1967-1984)
Authors: Simonetto Patricio
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar las prácticas, las redes locales y transnacionales, los traductores sociales y las tensiones de los movimientos de liberación homosexual de Argentina y México. Para cumplimentar este objetivo se estudia un valioso material de archivo que incluye publicaciones de Europa, América y Oceanía. Argumentamos que estos vínculos propusieron una temprana internacionalización  de una identidad homosexual interpre- tada como radical que entró en tensión con la consolidación de la identidad gay, frente a la que terminó pereciendo. Además, destacamos cómo las vincu- laciones con agrupamientos gays, trotskistas y feministas desempeñaron un papel central en la politización homosexual, y finalmente, cómo los efectos desiguales de los años setenta a lo largo del globo crearon tensiones por la definición de una identidad política.
Proteger la “democracia” desde el cuartel: la Doctrina de Estabilidad Nacional de los militares guatemaltecos
Authors: Sala Laura Yanina
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza la Doctrina de Estabilidad Nacional elaborada por el sector estratégico del Ejército de Guatemala. Aborda el proceso de su elaboración a partir de indagar en los elementos de los debates políticos de la época que incorpora y reformula; y muestra cuáles son los planteamientos más importantes, y las transformaciones que introduce en el pensamiento militar. Plantea que la Estabilidad Nacional implica una nueva significación, conservadora y autoritaria, del conflicto social, de la democracia y de la función militar en la sociedad que guía las transformaciones en la institución armada y que se resume en la idea: “proteger la ‘democracia’ desde el cuartel”. El artículo aporta al estudio de los cambios en la mentalidad de las fuerzas armadas y, a través de ello, al proceso de “transición autoritaria a la democracia” en Guatemala.
En contra del Programa del Partido Liberal Mexicano: los anarquistas del PLM
Authors: Samaniego López Marco Antonio
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se contextualizan las razones por las que, los anarquistas del plm, se manifestaron en contra del Programa del Partido Liberal Mexicano de julio de 1906. Desde su postura ácrata criticaron y publicaron que ese no era su proyecto y lo ubicaron como un documento atrasado e inútil. Entre 1911 y 1918 lo consideraron con tímidas reformas y más propio de ser aplicado por un conservador como Venustiano Carranza. Su propaganda consistía en indicar insistentemente que la revolución expropiadora avanzaba en México y se lograría la revolución mundial. En su necesidad de llamar a los anarquistas del mundo calificaron el programa como rancio, atrasado y con los defectos de ser republicano, democrático y nacionalista. En sus escritos, lo abrogaron y llamaron a luchar una y otra vez por el manifiesto del 23 de septiembre de 1911 de índole anarquista.
Hablemos de política educativa en América Latina y el Caribe #4: Educación inicial remota y salud mental durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Näslund-Hadley Emma , Hernández Agramonte Juan Manuel , Montaño Kelly , Namen Olga , Alpizar Guiselle , Luna Úrsula , Ochoa Laura , García Juan Felipe , Peña de Osorio Brunilda , Biehl María Loreto , Maragall Juan , Méndez Carolina , Thompson Jennelle
Published: November 2020

Una encuesta a 62.837 cuidadores de niños de cuatro países latinoamericanos indagó sobre sus experiencias con la educación a distancia de emergencia y la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Los hallazgos sugieren que la crisis aumentará las desigualdades de aprendizaje ya existentes. Además, por causa de la pandemia COVID-19, los cuidadores de niños de 0 a 7 años reportan impactos sustanciales en su propia salud mental. Entre estos, las mujeres presentan los niveles de malestar más elevados al ser quienes se encargan de la mayor parte del apoyo con la educación a distancia de sus hijos. Los cuidadores informan que la pandemia de COVID-19 y los esfuerzos de contención asociados han tenido efectos sustanciales en la salud mental y el bienestar de sus hijos. Los hallazgos sugieren que en América Latina se avecinan consecuencias para la salud mental a una escala sin precedentes entre los niños.
Efectos del juego de roles sobre la interiorización de acciones objetales y simbólicas en preescolares
Authors: Borges Camila , Solovieva Yulia , Quintanar Rojas Luis
Published: November 2020

En la psicología histórico-cultural, es reconocido el papel de la actividad rectora de juego de roles para la asimilación de la experiencia cultural humana. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de demostrar cómo las acciones objetales y simbólicas pasan a nivel de operaciones durante la actividad de juego. Se realizaron dos evaluaciones a través de sesiones individuales de juego con niños preescolares, al inicio y al final del ciclo escolar. El análisis de frecuencia y complejidad de las acciones permitió concluir que la interiorización de las acciones objetales y simbólicas favorece la concientización de las relaciones sociales representadas en los roles. Además, se observaron cambios cualitativos en el desarrollo de la actividad voluntaria, de la imaginación y del pensamiento reflexivo.
The reactivity of platinum hydrides in the selective hydrogenation of acetic acid over Pt-ReOx/TiO2 catalysts
Authors: Makolkin N. V. , Kim H. U. , Paukshtis E. A. , Jae J. , Bal’zhinimaev B. S.
Published: November 2020

In situ DRIFTS was employed to investigate the reaction of hydrogen with supported subnanometer Pt-ReOx species that are active in the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids. Absorption bands of platinum hydrides in the region of 2025–2043 cm–1 were detected; high reactivity of the hydrides toward the adsorbed acetic acid was revealed. In the process, the absorption band of platinum hydride shifted to high frequencies and increased in intensity due to the influence of adjacent acetates on the electronic state of platinum. It was found that in a hydrogen medium the intensity of platinum hydride bands sharply increases after the adsorption of acetic acid and then gradually decreases owing to the reaction of the hydrides with surface acetates.
The Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in ICU
Authors: Noorifard Mahtab , Hamidi Farahani Ramin , Hazrati Ebrahim
Published: November 2020

Considering the importance of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and the high mortality rate among patients diagnosed with VAP, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the incidence of VAP, and its related risk factors in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 197 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU diagnosed with VAP was enrolled in this study. Among these patients, 59 (53.6%) cases were male, and 51 (46.4%) were female with the mean age of 69.86±14.62 years. The most common cause of ICU admission was CVA, followed by colorectal cancer, lung cancer, sepsis, and cirrhosis. Our results showed that 110 individuals (55.8%) were diagnosed with VAP. The most common bacteria were Klebsiella, which was found in 20.3% of cases. (47.7%) of patients had diabetes, 21.8% had chronic kidney disease, and 51.8% had cardiovascular disease. 32.7% of patients were bedridden before intubation. The mortality rate due to VAP was estimated at about 20%. In conclusion, the incidence of VAP in ICU is relatively high (55.8%), with a mortality rate of 20%. Among the risk factors, the presence of diabetes, bedridden, reduction in consciousness, and the time duration of mechanical ventilation are relative to this type of infection.
Oct4 Is Not a Crucial Factor in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Contrast to Recent Beliefs
Authors: Abbasi Ata , Noroozinia Farahnaz , Hosseinzadeh Sonia , Abbasi Mohammad Amin , Anvar Samira , Seyed Mokhtari Seyed Arman
Published: November 2020

We aimed to determine the frequency of Octamer binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) expression in human invasive ductal carcinoma. 72 paraffin-embedded samples of breast cancer were enrolled. All blocks were stained for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2(HER 2/neu), ki67, and Oct4 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Of 72 enrolled cases, the mean age was 49.6±1.42 years. 18 (25%) of cases were luminal A, 14 (19.4%) were Her2 positive, 31 (43%) were luminal B, and 9 (12.5%) were triple-negative. IHC staining for Oct4 revealed no Oct4 expression in breast cancer samples. The staining was repeated twice, and seminoma was used as a positive control in each run. The results of both repeats were the same, and none of the examined samples showed Oct4 expression. We found no Oct4 expression in breast cancer samples examined in our study. We also did not find Oct4 expression in normal breast tissue. Our study is one of the few studies which has evaluated Oct4 expression in human breast cancer on tissue samples and is one of the least that has reported no expression of Oct4 in breast cancer.
Moral Sensitivity among Nursing and Midwifery Students and Practitioners: a Comparative Report from Iran
Authors: Hoseini Bibi Leila , Shomoossi Nematullah , Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan , Beheshti Norouzi Zahra
Published: November 2020

Background: Ethical sensitivity refers to knowledge and practice of ethical issues in a contradictory situation highlighted with self-awareness of one’s role and duty in those particular situations. According to ethics of care, the caregiver is committed to continuous learning and practicing the right options. The present study aimed to compare the moral sensitivity of midwifery and nursing students with that of nurses and midwives in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, participants were nursing students (n=60), midwifery students (n=50), nurses (n=100) and midwives (n=38), who were selected by convenience sampling. A validated Persian version of Han’s (2010) Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (0-100) was used for data collection (α=0.97). Descriptive and analytic statistics were applied for data analysis.
Results: The participants’ mean scores of ethical sensitivity were as follows: midwifery students (90.82±1.47), nursing students (93.06±1.12), midwives (89.76±1.21), and nurses (89.67±1.47). Based on four regression models, significant differences were observed (level of confidence: 95%): midwifery students' mean moral sensitivity score was 6.16 less than that of nursing students; midwifery students' mean score was 4.58 higher than that of midwives; midwives’ mean score was 1.83 less than that of nurses; and nurses’ mean score was 3.01 less than that of nursing students.
Conclusion: The participants' moral sensitivity can be conceived as desirable. The significance of differences may be accounted for by factors such as their role and specialty. Taking measures to sustain and strengthen the moral sensitivity in all medical and healthcare groups are recommended.
A Case Report of Delirium and Literature Review of Dementia in COVID-19 Process
Authors: SÖNMEZ Meryem Tuba , AKTÜRK Tülin , SAÇMACI Hikmet
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus directly infects the nervous system and may cause the course of the existing neurological disease to get worse in those with a chronic neurological disease. People with dementia, which is the most common chronic neurological disease over 65 years old, have serious difficulties in terms of follow-up and treatment of their diseases in the social isolation process. However, due to the risk factors caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has become easier for them to go into delirium. These risk factors can be listed as social isolation, inactivity, intense stress, as well as direct invasion of the virus to the central nervous system, the effect of inflammatory cytokines, the effect of sedative drugs used and the effect that develops secondary to other accompanying diseases. This paper provides an assessment regarding the problems experienced by dementia patients in the pandemic process, and their solutions, accompanied by a case presentation.
Investigating the Frequency of Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Sakarya City, Turkey
Authors: KOTAN Dilcan , TAYDAŞ Onur , ATEŞ Ömer Faruk , ÖZTÜRK Mehmet Halil
Published: November 2020

Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the frequency of stroke among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases in Sakarya city, to find out the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with stroke and to contribute to the national database.

Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out with 783 cases diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 between April-June 2020 at the pandemic hospital in Sakarya city. Patients were compared in terms of age, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), risk factors, radiological findings, inpatient treatment, intubation, and mortality rates.

Results: Out of 26 cases of ischemic stroke, 11 (42.3%) were male and 15 (57.7%) were female. In terms of infarction localization, the cause was medial cerebral artery (MCA) in 4 (15.4%) patients, top of the basilar in 2 (7.7%) patients, basilar artery in 1 (3.8%) patient, lacunar in 9 (34.6%) patients and anterior system in 10 (38.5%) patients. There was no significant difference in terms of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels according to disease severity (both p=0.262). Three (0.38%) patients presented with stroke findings and were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Cryptogenic stroke was detected in 8 (30.8%) of the SARS-CoV-2 cases. Stroke frequency was calculated as 3.3% among the SARS-CoV-2 cases in Sakarya city.

Conclusion: This is the first study to identify the frequency of stroke among SARS-CoV-2 patients in Sakarya city and Turkey. Our study is important as it shows that preventing or treating ischemic stroke in SARS-CoV-2 cases contributes greatly to the reduction of mortality.
Literarni turizem in priložnosti za njegov razvoj v Sloveniji: Louis Adamič – pisatelj z zgodbo, ki povezuje Slovenijo, Balkan in Združene države Amerike
Authors: Potočnik Topler Jasna
Published: November 2020

V znanstveni monografiji Literarni turizem in priložnosti za njegov razvoj v Sloveniji: Louis Adamič – pisatelj z zgodbo, ki povezuje Slovenijo, Balkan in Združene države Amerike predstavljamo literarni turizem z vidika analize in vrednotenja literarne dediščine ter pišemo o njeni umestitvi v turistično ponudbo. Prinašamo pregled temeljne znanstvene in strokovne literature področja in pojasnjujemo, kako se književnost umešča v kontekst turizma, literarnega turizma in doživljanja kulture. Gre za monografijo, ki se osredinja na dela Louisa Adamiča (1898–1951), še posebej na njegova romana Vrnitev v rodni kraj (angl. The Native’s Return) in Moja rojstna dežela (angl. My Native Land). V njima se prepletajo področja turizma, literarne teorije in književnosti. Monografija kot vir nadaljnjega razvoja literarnega turizma v Sloveniji analizira in vrednoti literarno dediščino Louisa Adamiča. V knjigi so prav tako ponujena priporočila, kako dediščino obravnavanega avtorja aktivneje vključiti v turistično ponudbo – predstavljeni so koncepti literarnega turizma z metodologijo področja, kar je lahko vodilo upravljalcem turističnih destinacij in drugim turističnim deležnikom pri snovanju novih turističnih proizvodov ali pri nadgradnji obstoječih.
Systemic Quality Assurance of Doctoral Studies at the University of Maribor
Authors: Vaupotič Nataša
Published: November 2020

The paper gives an overview of the Rules and Regulations on Doctoral Studies at the University of Maribor, and focuses on the topics that the University of Maribor found to be most important in ensuring the quality of the scientific-research-based Doctoral studies.
Importance and Establishment of Partnership: Doctoral Candidate - Mentor(S) - University
Authors: Mumel Damijan
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the triangle of participants in the Doctoral Study process: Institution-mentor-Doctoral student. Shown are: Basic dimensions of the student – mentor relationship, Motivation and responsibility in the student – mentor relationship, Expectations, perceptions and satisfaction in the student-mentor relationship, Factors which influence expectations in the student-mentor relationship, Keys to Successful Mentoring Relationships on personal and interpersonal levels, Possible solutions for Successful Mentoring on the Faculty and university level, and the Benefits of those activities.
Direitos fundamentais, garantias constitucionais e políticas públicas de educação: classes hospitalares como políticas públicas de inclusão
Authors: Pamplona Danielle Anne , Villatore Marco Antônio César , Terra Claudine Aparecido , Ferraz Miriam Olivia Knopik
Published: November 2020

Neste ensaio são analisados os direitos e as garantias fundamentais estabelecidos pela Constituição de 1988, com foco nas políticas públicas de educação, com ênfase na educação especial e a inclusão como forma de harmonizar o interesse das pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência permanente ou transitória. Por último, detalha-se as classes hospitalares, como exemplo concreto de atuação dessa modalidade de educação.  Na elaboração do trabalho utilizou-se o método hermenêutico-dialético.

Palavras-chaves: Direitos Fundamentais. Políticas públicas. Educação.
Constituição, religião, feriados e racismo
Authors: Wolfgang Sarlet Ingo , Weingartner Neto Jayme
Published: November 2020

A liberdade religiosa, para além da primazia histórica no constitucionalismo ocidental, é direito fundamental consagrado nos textos internacionais e garantida numa série de dispositivos da Constituição Federal do Brasil (CF). No quadro constitucional brasileiro, o programa normativo ancora-se clara e firmemente no pluralismo religioso, o que não apaga, evidentemente, a história de um país que se descreve tradicionalmente como cristão, ainda majoritariamente católico. Se o direito à liberdade religiosa deve ser vocacionado a ser inclusivo e acolher as confissões religiosas minoritárias, é preciso verificar como se efetiva nas práticas das comunidades religiosas de matriz africana. Nessa perspectiva, o texto aborda as disputas político-jurídicas em torno de feriado no dia 20 de novembro, que já é, assim declarado por lei federal desde 2011, o “Dia Nacional de Zumbi e da Consciência Negra”, com ênfase nos aspectos constitucionais e, particularmente, no caso de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul, cujos desdobramentos mais recentes apontavam para a refração religiosa da data,  iniciativa legislativa que, nada obstante, foi declarada inconstitucional pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul. Há, outrossim, duas premissas, que serão convocadas ao longo do texto: a violência estrutural da escravidão, que continua a marcar com racismo a vida social e institucional do Brasil; e a vulnerabilidade das comunidades religiosas de matriz africana.

Palavras-chaves: Liberdade religiosa.  Feriados. Racismo.
ПЕРВЫЕ ИЗОТОПНО-ГИДРОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ ПО ПРИРОДНЫМ ВОДАМ ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОГО СКЛОНА КРЯЖА ЧЕКАНОВСКОГО (АРКТИЧЕСКИЕ РАЙОНЫ СИБИРСКОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ)
Authors: Новиков Дмитрий Анатольевич , Максимова Анастасия Алексеевна , Пыряев Александр Николаевич , Ян Петр Александрович
Published: November 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена получением материалов по неизученным ранее природным водам юго-восточного склона кряжа Чекановского (арктические районы Сибирской платформы). Исследуемый район относится к труднодоступным со сплошным распространением многолетнемерзлых пород. Цель: выявить геохимические особенности природных вод юго-восточного склона кряжа Чекановского. Методы. Полевое опробование проведено в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Химико-аналитические исследования выполнены методами титриметрии, ионной хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Анализ изотопных отношений δD, δ18O, δ13С проводился на приборе Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer FinniganTM MAT 253, снабженном приставками пробоподготовки H/Device (для анализа отношений δD) и GasBench II (для анализа отношений δ18O и δ13СDIC). При анализе гидрогеохимической информации использовались коэффициенты: геохимические (Ca/Na, Ca/Mg, Ca/Si, Mg/Si, Na/Si, Si/Na, rNa/rCl и SO4/Cl), концентрации и водной миграции по А.И. Перельману. Результаты. Представлены первые результаты изотопно-геохимических исследований природных вод юго-восточного склона кряжа Чекановского, расположенного в низовьях реки Лены, в арктических районах Сибирской платформы. Изучены реки и временные водотоки, образующиеся в период таяния многолетнемерзлых пород. Установлено, что воды ультрапресные с величиной общей минерализации от 63 до 100 мг/дм3, по показателю pH (6,9–7,9) нейтральные и слабощелочные. Характеризуются показателем химического потребления кислорода от 1,6 до 9,7 мгО/дм3. Речные воды имеют преимущественно гидрокарбонатный кальциевый состав. Временные водотоки отличаются преобладанием сульфат-иона, а также низкими значениями ХПК от 1,6 до 3,1 мгO/дм3. Рассчитанные коэффициенты водной миграции распределились следующим образом: очень сильная интенсивность миграции I, Se, Br; сильная Sr, B, Sb; средняя As, P, Ni, Cu, Li, Ba, Zn, U, Sn, Mo; слабая (инертная) Sc, Y, Be, Mn, Pb, Si, Ge, Cr, Rb, Co, V, Fe, Ga, Th, Al, Zr, Ti. Изотопные отношения кислорода и водорода изучаемых вод варьируют в широком диапазоне для d18O – от –24,2 до –19,5 ‰, и для dD – от –183,0 до –149,3 ‰. По изотопному составу воды имеют метеорное происхождение. Наблюдается смещение акцента питания вод от зимнего к летнему для рек, в то время как для временных водотоков в большей степени проявляются зимние (снеговые) источники. Изотопные отношения d13C варьируют от –9,7 до –7,2 ‰. В речных водах наблюдаются как положительные (до –7,2 ‰), так и отрицательные (до –9,7 ‰) отклонения d13C относительно проб, отобранных из временных водотоков. Для них характерны значения от –8,0 до –7,7 ‰. Можно предположить, что обогащение углекислотой и изотопом 13С происходит, в первую очередь, за счет карбонатных пород и углекислоты, образованной в ходе вегетации растений типа C4.