bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El pasado entrometido: La memoria histórica como campo de batalla
Authors: Garzón Vallejo Iván
Published: May 2023

Las políticas de la memoria se han convertido en un nuevo campo de batalla político y cultural. Aunque esto muestra la vitalidad de las democracias contemporáneas, al mismo tiempo invita a una reflexión crítica sobre el modo como la memoria histórica está alimentando la polarización y dificultando los grandes consensos sociales. Al discutir hechos históricos de un pasado que no pasa en países como China, Turquía, Estados Unidos, España, Irlanda del Norte, Colombia, Sudáfrica, Rusia, Francia, Japón, Chile y Alemania, Iván Garzón Vallejo pone en presente que existen múltiples formas de abordar el pasado, pero ninguna de ellas está exenta de tensiones y decisiones trágicas sobre qué recordar y qué olvidar. Ciertamente, podemos aprender del pasado, pero no debemos intentar borrarlo, ignorarlo o reescribirlo en función de las escaramuzas del presente. Y así como los ciudadanos tenemos derecho a la verdad del pasado, tenemos también el deber de imaginar y tejer el futuro en el horizonte de la reconciliación y la justicia.
Corridors and deer-vehicle collisions along Missouri interstate highways
Authors:   , Acharya Shikha
Published: May 2023

A total of 3,639 deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) were reported on Missouri roadways in 2020, resulting in 348 injuries and 5 deaths. Missouri is ranked 15th nationwide for this type of accident. Of the DVCs, 490 occurred along 1,200 miles of urban and rural interstates in Missouri (I-29, I-35, I-44, I-49, I-55, I-57, I-64, I-70, I-155, I-170, I-255, I-270, I-435, and I-470). Despite the small number of DVCs on interstates (<15 percent), these sites are high-speed impacts, averaging $6,717 per crash. This study investigated DVCs on interstate highways using secondary data obtained from the Missouri State Highway Patrol. Each pair of longitude and latitude coordinates was uploaded into Google Maps and observed on a 200-foot scale view. Aerial photography and street-side images were used to examine the possible influence of land use characteristics and corridors adjacent to each location. Of the 490 DVC sites examined, 449 (91.6 percent) were near a natural (47 percent) or cultural (31 percent) corridor, and sometimes both (22 percent). Natural corridors consisted mostly of vegetation (65.7 percent), water (31.8 percent), and dry creeks (2.5 percent), whereas cultural corridors were secondary roads (36.1 percent), fence rows (22.6 percent), public utilities (22.2 percent) and overpasses (19 percent). Results showed that the distance from the nearest corridor to the collision point was about 350 feet, reinforcing the importance of landscape connectivity. These findings, when combined with other studies, can be useful to warn motorists at certain times (dawn/dusk) and seasons (fall/winter) at specific locations (hotspots) along Missouri interstates when the risk of a collision with deer is greatest. St. Louis and Kansas City had the most concentrated DVC sites statewide, drawing attention to urban deer and city drivers.
Journalism's lifeline : exploring an American aversion to government aid
Authors:   , Anderson Nathan Adam
Published: May 2023

Journalism is experiencing an existential crisis. The U.S. has assigned to free-market capitalism a task that it is incapable of achieving to the degree that benefits the public and democracy: investing in journalism as a public good. Journalism's dominant for-profit model demands revenue growth while attempting to balance its cultural and civic enterprises. This scenario has seen significant market influences tip the scale toward profit demands and away from journalism's normative functions. This underinvestment has resulted in growing news conglomerates, concentrating news media ownership, and proliferating news deserts. This reality leaves local communities without local newsrooms or local journalists, and desperately starved for quality news content. Previous research indicates that there is little-to-no desire for government aid as an option to sustain journalism among academics, policy makers, and media owners and managers in the journalism industry. However, there was little research indicating the perceptions of staff journalists at digital nonprofits. The purpose of this research explores the perceptions of the staff journalists at digitally native news nonprofits regarding government aid as an option to sustain journalism. A majority of the interviewed nonprofit journalists are receptive to government aid to sustain journalism, with some suggesting that journalism needs that aid to counter the market failure driving its collapse.
Pilot evaluation of the CBT tracker : a hybrid measurement feedback system for monitoring treatment integrity and client progress
Authors:   , Andrews Jack H.
Published: May 2023

Routine outcomes monitoring (ROM) and the use of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) are two research-supported practices that have potential to improve client outcomes in mental healthcare, including youth psychotherapy, but are largely underutilized in routine practice. The innovative developments of measurement feedback systems (MFSs) and "core components" approaches to cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT) have each shown potential to overcome important barriers that limit uptake and use of ROM and EBTs, respectively. However, other critical barriers remain yet unaddressed, including clinician perceptions of the net benefits of using MFSs, MFS dependence on client-report measures, and difficulty achieving EBT integrity. Combining MFS technology and core components approaches to CBT may hold unique potential to address these remaining barriers. Purpose: The current study evaluates the potential for implementation of a novel MFS, the CBT Tracker, which integrates measurement and feedback about both client outcomes and treatment integrity to core components of youth CBT. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was employed to evaluate the CBT Tracker in relation to seven implementation outcomes: acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, adoption, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. A diverse sample of 36 community therapists were asked to pilot the CBT Tracker while providing up to six sessions of CBT to a youth client in routine practice. Therapists completed a background questionnaire at enrollment and a semi-structured qualitative interview at conclusion of study participation. Qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts was employed to assess clinicians' perceptions of the CBT Tracker in relation to the target implementation outcomes and identify specific implementation determinants. Quantitative analyses examined adoption, penetration, fidelity, sustainability, and determinants of these outcomes, as indicated by participants' use of the CBT Tracker during the study and associations between use and participant background characteristics. Results: Findings provide proof of concept that EBT integrity feedback can be integrated into an MFS in a way that is acceptable, appropriate, and feasible in diverse, usual care clinical settings. Findings further support the potential of such an MFS to simultaneously support implementation of EBTs and ROM in routine care. However, many barriers to adoption, penetration, fidelity, and sustainability were also identified, and findings indicate that the CBT Tracker may need to be augmented with multiple contextually-responsive implementation strategies in order to achieve widespread implementation.
Exploring the view from nowhere : studying how journalists of color see traditional objectivity
Authors:   , Cunningham Richard Charles
Published: May 2023

After Donald Trump's rise to power, many journalists began to reconsider the role that objectivity plays in reporting. Trump's candidacy was filled with scandals, inflammatory statements, falsehoods and attacks on the mainstream media. The news industry was not prepared for his presidency, as many editors refused to adjust their techniques of covering such a polarizing and odd public official. However, the 2020 protests around social justice and racial equity really pushed journalists of color to challenge traditional journalistic structures, including views of traditional journalism. The purpose of this study is to understand how the conversation around objectivity in journalism has changed in the past few years, and whether there are any objective practices that journalists want implemented or eliminated both in their newsrooms and across the industry. By studying the existing conversations around this topic, we can determine how this conversation has evolved over the past decade.
Approachable or appropriative? Black Americans' perceptions of codeswitched advertisements using African American Vernacular English
Authors:   , Henderson Shelby Leigh
Published: May 2023

The present qualitative study investigated the phenomenon of using cultural dialect African American Vernacular English (AAVE) in codeswitched advertising by gathering Black American perceptions related to this semiotic strategy and its effectiveness. Black Americans who were active social media users and under the age of 30 participated in focus groups where they viewed multiple codeswitched advertisements and provided their opinions. While a comparison advertisement proved that general slang use was not completely taboo, participants generally disapproved of the use of AAVE in advertisements and saw the practice to be inauthentic, appropriative, and cringey. Having non-Black spokespeople use AAVE in ads elicited similar negative reactions, while ads using AAVE with spokespeople of color were viewed more positively. Furthermore, the use of AAVE on traditional mediums was an unsuccessful strategy that seemed out of place, with digital platforms being a more logical choice. Given the lack of previous research on AAVE codeswitched advertisements, more research is needed to further examine perceptions and better understand this strategy and its effectiveness.
First quantitative trait loci detected for bearing habit and nut quality traits in eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)
Authors:   , Jablonski Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) offers potential as an orchard nut crop throughout the Midwest and eastern parts of the US, where the species has a long history of use by indigenous peoples as food and medicine. Currently the nuts and edible kernels of eastern black walnut support a regional industry led by Hammons Products Company, which purchases up to 9.5 million kg of nuts from harvesters in mast years. With most of the industry's black walnuts originating from unimproved wild trees, production is limited by relatively poor-quality nuts with low percent kernel. The relatively undomesticated nature of the species means its production is not comparable to the over 1-billion-dollar annual value of the California Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) industry. However, the adaptability of eastern black walnut to harsher climate conditions offers the potential to develop an orchard nut crop suitable to a wider area throughout the United States, not just the temperate climate of California. First, literature is reviewed related to the initial selection efforts and foundation of the eastern black walnut breeding program at the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry, while also examining advances in genetics, metabolomics, and breeding research in the related Persian walnut. In addition, two studies were conducted with data collected in 2021 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for bearing habit/yield and nut quality traits utilizing a 'Sparrow' x 'Schessler' F1 full-sibling mapping population. Two hundred forty-eight individuals from this population were previously utilized to construct the population's genetic map consisting of 62 EST-SSR and 356 SNP markers. In the first study, three QTLs explaining the degree of spur-bearing (P < 0.01) were found on linkage groups (LG) 8, LG11, and LG16, which are responsible for 7.2 percent, 8.7 percent, and 10 percent of trait variation, respectively. QTL analysis of nut quality traits revealed a total of 11 QTLs associated with in-shell nut mass, kernel mass, nut suture width, nut cheek width, and nut length (P < 0.01). Two additional QTLs were identified for percent kernel (P <0.05). These studies provide the first exploration of genetic control of bearing habit and nut quality traits in eastern black walnut, providing insight into the inheritance of traits for breeding practices, and directing future studies to refine QTL regions for developing DNA markers for assisted seedling selection.
Effect of vegetation cover, season, and removal mechanism on the removal efficiency of 36 PPCPs within a full-scale surface-flow constructed wetland
Authors:   , Maassel Anna
Published: May 2023

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are a class of pollutants of growing concern for environmental and human health, as many of these compounds survive traditional wastewater treatment systems. Studies have shown that constructed wetlands (CWs) can partially or fully remove many of these pollutants, and therefore are a potential low-cost, low-energy solution with added environmental benefits such as wildlife habitat. Although the potential of CWs to remove PPCPs is largely documented, much is left to learn regarding optimized design and maintenance. This study examines the effects of vegetation cover, season, and removal mechanism on PPCP removal across each of four units of a full-scale surface-flow constructed wetland in Columbia, MO. Wastewater was sampled from the inlet and outlet of each of the four units in July, October, and December of 2015. Concentrations of 36 PPCPs were measured, from which the removal efficiency of each PPCP and unit were calculated. PPCPs were categorized into two groups -- plant-related or other -- based on proposed removal mechanisms in the literature and/or physio-chemical properties. Vegetation cover was calculated by analyzing 2015 DOQQ imagery in ArcGIS(R). Contrary to our hypotheses, there was no significant effect of either season or removal mechanism on the change in removal efficiency with change in vegetation cover of a CW unit. Further studies on these relationships are recommended.
Princes, rock stars and their wives : analyzing tabloid coverage of women married to celebrity men
Authors:   , Matchavariani Irina
Published: May 2023

Half a century apart, two American women caught the attention of British tabloids for marrying British celebrity men: Linda Eastman, a rock photographer from New York wed Paul McCartney, the last bachelor Beatle in 1969. In 2018, actor Meghan Markle joined the royal rank when she tied the knot with Prince Harry Windsor in front of millions of tv-watchers. By the act of marriage, the women became subjects of extensive tabloid coverage in Britain. This paper looks at how one tabloid -- the Daily Mirror has approached covering Linda and Meghan. It examines how tabloid reporters constructed the life stories of the women for audiences and how the women have reacted to it in interviews. Spanning across decades from late 1960's to early 2020's, the paper analyzes how the Mirror has approached foreign women married to British celebrity men and questions the reasoning behind the tabloid's choices.
Breaking into the boys' club : an analysis of the experiences of women journalists entering the sports journalism arena
Authors:   , Moloney Emma Hayes
Published: May 2023

Historically, women sports journalists encounter frequent instances of objectification, harassment, and discrimination from sources, colleagues, and higher ups (Hardin & Shain, 2005), and women in the current sports journalism industry remain greatly outnumbered compared to their counterparts who are men (Lapchick et al., 2021). This study examines the challenges new women sports journalists face during their first few years in the sports journalism industry in a current, postfeminist context utilizing Joan Acker's theory of gendered organizations to analyze gendered practices within the field. Challenges experienced by new women sports journalists found in this research suggest ongoing explicit and implicit genderbased harassment, discrimination, and obstacles to their professional endeavors; however, these challenges do not always persist in the same form as those seen by women in the past and are more indicative of a current, postfeminist sports journalism field. The positive professional experiences of new women sports journalists indicate growing acceptance of the presence and upward mobility of women in sports journalism, as well as the breaking down of previous traditional assumptions of male superiority and female inferiority within the industry.
Investigation of transportation innovations for food delivery and truck platoons
Authors:   , Reneker Joseph Li
Published: May 2023

Studies find that low-income areas are underserved by food retailers and have less access to healthy food, contributing to health disparities. A section of this thesis examines micromobility, drones, and ridesharing that may be suited to deliver food. Using estimated capacities and delivery speeds of several transportation modes, quantitative analysis showed that micromobility is a feasible means of delivery for short-distance, small-quantity orders. Vehicles were the only suitable option once quantity or distance increases, with trucks being the only option for large deliveries of food. Regarding trucks, autonomous truck platooning has potential benefits such as energy savings, increased capacity, and improved safety. A section of this thesis discusses the novel issue of driver behavior interacting with truck platoons in work zones. This research investigates the effects of education, platoon signage, and the number of platooned trucks using a federated simulator study. The study found that education and the use of signage showed increased driver efficiency near platoons. There was a 13 percent increase in speed and 30 percent decrease in distance following a 2-truck platoon after education. Driver speed also increased by at least 14 percent and following distance increased by at least 24 percent, with signage added. Post-simulator survey results showed drivers strongly agree that education helps to clarify how to react to platoons. 90 percent of drivers admitted it is safer to not overtake the platoon, yet only 62 percent indicated they would follow it. Using the results of this research, transportation agencies could formulate policies better accommodate truck platoons as the technology grows.
Leveraging AI to assess inequities in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies
Authors:   , Townsend Charles Ethan
Published: May 2023

Pavement maintenance and repair (M&R) is an important social need that should be accessible to all regardless of social or economic circumstances. In this project, pavement condition is analyzed through the use of machine learning algorithms and then compared to the socioeconomic factors of the surrounding communities. This analysis is crucial for assessing inequities that disadvantaged communities often face, especially pertinent toward pavement M&R policies. In addition to the goal of determining equity, a secondary goal of this project was to develop a methodology that can be repeated across any city. Utilizing an image-set provided by Google Street-View's API and census data of Kansas City, Missouri, a comparative analysis was conducted to determine whether equity between advantaged and disadvantaged groups was present. To aid in pavement distress identification, YOLOv5 (You only look once), a popular deep learning algorithm, was used to identify seven unique pavement distresses across Kansas City Road segments. The resulting methods were able to demonstrate a comparison between pavement conditions and socioeconomic metrics, demonstrating a trend indicating road segments in disadvantaged communities show slightly worse conditions. The strongest correlative factor borne out of analysis shows that median household income demonstrates the greatest gap between advantaged and disadvantaged census blocks.
Identifying patterns of chronic wasting disease prevalence in Missouri's Odocoileus virginianus population
Authors:   , Aljundi Evan Adeeb
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a deadly and infectious neurodegenerative disease caused by a normal host protein, the cellular prion protein (PrPC), that takes on an abnormal complexity and is found in white-tailed deer and other members of Family Cervidae in the United States, Canada, and now Europe. With the potential to cause irreversible population declines, understanding how population dynamics or landscape composition plays a role in the transmission and dispersal of CWD is detrimental. We created generalized linear models (GLM) and principal component analysis (PCA), using a 10-year dataset created and provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), to investigate how sex, life stage, and landcover type affects CWD prevalence in two landscape-varying zones in Missouri. Our results showed that fawns and male white-tailed deer were the best predictors of CWD prevalence in both zones and the state of Missouri as a whole. Our landcover analysis of the state of Missouri also displayed cropland and wetland as the two most significant landcover types affecting CWD prevalence. With help from Missouri private landowners, MDC staff, and other stakeholders, a larger data set and further investigation into the effects of landscape composition, fawns, and male white-tailed deer on CWD prevalence could make ground-breaking discoveries and help protect an abundant Cervid species that is the states' most valuable natural resource.
Defending deepfake detector against data poisoning attacks
Authors:   , Cutkosky Maya Kalyani
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] With the ability of generating high quality fake images using deep neural networks, fake image detection techniques have become more and more important to serve as the guard that prevents misinformation from spreading online. However, just like other AI models, fake image detectors also face machine learning attacks that could compromise their effectiveness in filtering out fake images. In this work, we focus on defending the data poisoning attacks on DNN-based fake image detectors in which attackers attempt to fool the fake image detectors by mislabeling fake images used for training. We design a novel protector model that is capable of distinguishing such poisoned fake images from correctly labeled images. A key advantage of our model is that it is able to identify new types of poisoned fake images that it has not seen before. We have conducted extensive experimental studies which demonstrate the high detection accuracy and recall of our model.
Sleep intraindividual variability and fatigue in parents of children on the autism spectrum
Authors:   , Hayse Braden
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Fatigue is associated with numerous harmful physical and mental health outcomes. Despite the established relationship between sleep and fatigue, research on the association between the variability of sleep measures within a person (i.e., intraindividual variability; IIV) and fatigue is limited. Additionally, the role of child sleep in the relationship between parent sleep and fatigue has yet to be explicitly explored, which may be particularly relevant for families with children on the autism spectrum who have an increased likelihood of sleep disturbances. The current study used two weeks of objective sleep (actigraphy) and subjective fatigue data from 81 parents and their children to examine the associations between IIV of parent sleep variables and parent average daily fatigue, as mediated by IIV of child sleep variables. Sleep IIV was estimated using a validated Bayesian model. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that greater parent total sleep time IIV was significantly associated with higher levels of parent average daily fatigue. The IIV of child sleep variables did not significantly mediate the relationship between parent total sleep time IIV and average daily fatigue. Findings provide support for the idea that total sleep time IIV may be a unique aspect of sleep's association with fatigue and that IIV of objective sleep parameters should be examined in addition to average levels.
Understanding bacterial zoonotic disease infection and its severity on wildlife populations
Authors:   , Hirst Kristen
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Emerging infectious diseases have significantly increased in recent years; approximately 60 percent of these emerging diseases are of zoonotic origin, and of those, around 70 percent were identified to start with wild animals. To better understand the impacts of zoonotic diseases on wildlife, there is a need to identify the number of zoonotic pathogens that can infect wildlife and evaluate the subsequent severity of these pathogens to individual wildlife species. I constructed a zoonotic disease database identifying wildlife hosts for each bacterial zoonotic disease, and recorded clinical signs for each individual if found. To evaluate severity of diseases for individual wildlife species I quantified clinical signs using a severity index and averaged the clinical signs scores to give an overall ranking of severity. I found conservation status was not significantly correlated with pathogen richness or severity. Pathogen severity index value was significantly, negatively correlated with pathogen richness. The taxonomic level order was found to be the best model for pathogen richness but was not significantly higher than the null model. Understanding the impacts of bacterial zoonosis on wildlife populations can help in planning for future wildlife management, particularly in species of conservation concern.
Associations between friends' responses during problem talk and emotional adjustment
Authors:   , Spiekerman Alli
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] The present study examined how friends' responses to each other during problem talk predicted depressive symptoms overtime. Early and mid-adolescents (N = 314 friend dyads) were observed discussing a problem with a close friend and reported on depressive symptoms at the time of observation and nine months later. Adolescents' responses were coded according to six types of positive/supportive responses and four negative/unsupportive responses. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models revealed significant effects for the negative responses. Notably, receiving higher proportions of Own Experience-Distracting and Silence/No Response from friends in response to own problem statements predicted greater depressive symptoms overtime. Producing higher proportions of Minimize/Non-Support, Change Subject, and Silence/No Response in response to friend problem statements also predicted greater depressive symptoms overtime. Grade-level and gender differences in these associations were also observed. A significant Actor X Partner interaction was observed for Silence/No Response in which adolescents who both produced and received high proportions of Silence/No Response had greatest risk for depressive symptoms nine months later. These results highlight the importance of attending to friends' specific behaviors in social support contexts and their implications on adolescent emotional adjustment.
Simulator and field study of effectiveness of speed management methods in work zone in Missouri
Authors:   , Zeng Qingzhong
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] The objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of six speed countermeasures in reducing vehicle speeds in work zones. Speed countermeasures such as law enforcement (active and passive), speed trailer displaying speed (with and without flashing speed or red and blue lights when above the speed limit), and work vehicle with red and blue lights were evaluated to assess their effectiveness in reducing vehicle speeds in the field and simulator study. Speed data were captured and analyzed at various westbound I-270 work zone locations in the field and from a simulator study. The simulator study also incorporated eye tracking devices to obtain driver behavior measures. In the 4-week field study, law enforcement speed countermeasures (active and passive) were found to be most effective in reducing vehicle speeds in work zones. The simulator study showed that the super law enforcement (active law enforcement and speed 11 trailer combination) was most effective in reducing vehicle speeds during daytime. Generally, the effect of speed reduction by speed countermeasures dissipated more quickly during nighttime than daytime. The simulator study also found that super law enforcement and speed trailer-related countermeasures had better visibility. Post-simulator and driver survey indicated that law enforcement would be the most effective in causing respondents slow down. Overall, the study showed that all evaluated speed countermeasures were effective in reducing vehicle speeds during daytime and nighttime, however, law enforcement speed countermeasures were found to have the greatest speed reductions.
A Systematic Review Study by Comparing the Effects of Leucoreduction of Blood Components Using Pre-Storage Filters and Post-Storage Filters on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Yogesh Agrawal  , Sunita Bundas  , Naveen Khanna
Published: May 2023

Background: Transfusion therapy is an effective treatment method but comes with inherent risks such as transfusion reactions, infection transmission, alloimmunization, and platelet refractoriness. Leukocyte reduction, achieved through apheresis or pre- or post-storage filtration, aims to mitigate these risks and potentially reduce the need for antibiotics and hospital stays.

Methods: To conduct this systematic review, comprehensive searches were performed using databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and LILACS. Grey literature sources were also utilized. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and critical appraisal of selected papers was conducted using JBI tools. Relevant data for the review question was extracted using JBI SUMARI. If feasible, a risk analysis of publication bias, meta-analysis, and narrative synthesis were performed.

Results: The results of the systematic review will provide insights into the comparative effectiveness of post-storage filters and pre-storage filters in leukocyte reduction during transfusion. Clinical outcomes such as transfusion reactions, bacterial infection, length of hospital stay, and mortality will be assessed. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis will be utilized to present the findings. The certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the GRADE approach, and a Summary of Findings will be provided, including absolute risks for the pre-storage filter group and the post-storage filter group.

Conclusion: This systematic review aims to inform clinical decision-making and guide future research in transfusion medicine. By analyzing methodologically sound studies and employing appropriate meta-analyses, the review will identify the optimal approach for reducing transfusion-related complications and improving patient outcomes. The results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences and professional meetings.

Keywords: Clinical outcomes, leukocyte reduction, post-storage filter, pre-storage filter, transfusion.
An Investigation of the Chronology of Daniel 9:24-27
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Owusu-Antwi Brempong
Published: May 2023

This study attempted to investigate the chronological issues of Dan 9:24-27. Its main objective was to provide an interpretation based on textual, linguistic, literary, grammatical-syntactical, structural, and contextual study of the major terms and expressions in Dan 9:24-27. Chapter 1 surveys the chronological interpretations of Dan 9:24-27. Four major schools of interpretation emerged (Historicist-Messianic Interpretation, Historical-Critical Interpretation, Futurist-Dispensational Interpretation, Historical-Critical Interpretation, Futurist-Dispensational Interpretation, and Symbolic-Amillennialist Interpretation) under the main categories of continuous and noncontinuous interpretations. Major chronological issues emerged from these interpretations and set the stage for this study. Chapter 2 examines major Hebrew expressions and terms that affect chronology (sabu im sib nehtak, dabar, lehasib welibnot, tasub wenibnetah, rehoh weharus, masiah, nagid, berit). The term dabar, determines the terminus a quo of the Seventy Weeks to be computed continuously and sequentially, and is itself contextually defined by three pairs of parallel terms, namely, (1) lehasib welibnot, "to restore and build," which designates political "restoration" and physical "rebuilding" of Jerusalem; (2) tasub wenibnetah, "it shall be restored and be built," which provides comparative support for thefirst word pair, and (3)rehoh weharus, "square and decision-making," which stresses further that the "word" is about the restoration of Jerusalem as a religio-political self-governing entity with the rights to judicial decision-making. The three expressions, "Messiah, the Prince" (vs. 25), "Messiah" (vs. 26a), and "Prince" (vs. 26b), refer contextually and structurally to the same personality. Chapter 3 investigates the historical-chronological correlates of the events stipulated in Dan 9:24-27. The decree of Artaxerxes I given to Ezra is the only terminus a quo that fits the stipulations of the text of Dan 9:25 and the chronological outline of Dan 9:24-27. The events of the "seventieth week" relate to the Messiah and are properly fulfilled by Jesus Christ. Finally, a summary and conclusions bring together the various chronological issues of Dan 9:24-27. This study has provided new evidence that shows that the Historicist-Messianic interpretation emerges from the text as the viable view for the chronology of the passage.
Guidelines for Campus Beautification With Special Reference to Seventh-day Adventist Academies and Colleges in North America
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Boughman Larry
Published: May 2023

Problem. Few recognize the potential between campus beautification and the enrichment of the institutional programs or the responsibility role of stewardship for school lands. Often, campus beautification has not been considered an important item in capital outlay. Method. The study utilized the descriptive method. Literature was reviewed to gather concepts related to campus beautification that could be applied to SDA academies and colleges. Ideas were gathered from personal contacts with chairs of other institutions in the area of landscape architecture and from the fifty states that had published guidelines for campus beautification. On the basis of the ideas and information gathered, guidelines for campus beautification with special reference to SDA academies and colleges in North America were developed. SDA principals of academies and presidents of colleges were asked to place a value judgement on each item. The guidelines were sent to a panel of judges for validation. Conclusions. Major conclusions drawn as a result of information and experience gained during the course of the study were: (1) There is a need for guidelines for campus beautification especially in SDA academies and colleges in North America. (2) There is a relationship between campus beautification and the education process. (3) The design, planning, and development of campus beautification is a complicated process which needs the input from several sources. (4) Campus beautification can be achieved within a limited budget by carefully planning the project in phases. Recommendations. Based upon the findings of this study, the following recommendations are presented for consideration. (1) The guidelines developed in this study should be adapted to meet the specific needs of each campus. (2) Short training seminars should be developed to prepare educators and others concerned with campus beautification for educational institutions. (3) The campus beautification guidelines developed in this study should be field tested by those committees planning to build a campus or those wanting to further develop a current campus. (4) In planning for campus beautification, a budget should be implemented and maintained.
Freshmen Retention at Two Seventh-day Adventist Higher Education Institutions
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Cash R. William
Published: May 2023

Problem. Information is needed regarding the reasons students attend Seventh-day Adventist higher education institutions, and how these reasons and students' characteristics relate to their decision to remain in college or withdraw. Method. A study was made of freshmen entering Andrews University and Union College in autumn 1983. Survey and personal information were collected at the beginning and near the end of the school year. Students who withdrew during or after their freshmen year were identified. Data collected were analyzed using several criterion variables, including retention status, time of withdrawal, gender, and school attended. The applicability of Tinto's model of retention was tested for church-related institutions. Results. Freshmen at these two Seventh-day Adventist institutions appear to be similar to their peers at other public and private traditional and residential colleges in personal background, reasons for attending college, freshman year experience, and reasons for persisting or withdrawing. Salient findings include: (1) The greatest differences among students on each campus studied were between students from regional feeder secondary schools and nearby states, and students further away; social reasons were more important to those attending from a shorter distance from home. (2) A general commitment to Christian education was found to contribute to the persistence of many students during and at the end of their freshman year. (3) In addition to the usual academic and social reasons for withdrawing, financial and religious integration/commitment reasons were also related to the decision to remain or withdraw. (4) A relationship was found between student-institution fit and retention. Tinto's model of retention, with the addition of religion pre-enrollment characteristics and religious integration as well as intention to continue, describes the retention behavior of students in church-related institutions in a manner similar to other published tests of the model. Conclusions. Because of their similarity to their peers in other colleges and universities, studies of students at Seventh-day Adventist institutions are appropriate using methods successful on other campuses. A commitment to obtaining a college education in a Christian setting is related both to the decision to attend Andrews University or Union College and to continue beyond the freshman year.
An Organizational Model for a Coordinated Program of Music Ministry for the Seventh-day Adventist Church in North American and Europe
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Lehtinen Raimo
Published: May 2023

Problem. Initiating work in the coordination of church music activities has been undertaken in the North American and European portions of the world-wide organization of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. There was a need to develop a comprehensive model of music ministry which the Church could utilize when further steps in the advancement of organized music programs will be taken. Method. In the process of creating the philosophical rationale for the model a descriptive method was used. Adventist literature on music ministry was reviewed, analyzed, and compared with the basic themes of Johansson's contrapuntal design (1984). In thedevelopment of the rest of the model a developmental research design was utilized. Conclusions. Major conclusions drawn as a result of information and experience gained during the course of the study were: (1) The principles found in the Scriptures provide thebasis for the philosophy and practice of music ministry. (2) Creative ability in human beings is part of the image of God. Though weakened as a result of the fall, through restoration in Jesus Christ this ability is liberated, intensified, and sanctified. Individual Christians and the Church as a corporate body have the privilege of nurturing, further developing, and promoting creative talents. (3) Because of its close relationship to human life, music is involved in the basic human dilemma of the conflict between good and evil. (4) Creativity as understood in this study means consideration of universal artistic principles. (5) Music can be seen as a cultural metaphor. This kind of meaning in music is found in the total musical architecture as it relates to human experience in the created world. (6) Mental pictures (compound images) stored in human memory are created through associations. When ideas or behaviors incompatible with Christian values are connected with the gospel content inreligious music, a distorted picture of Christian faith is communicated. (7) One of themusical analogues of faith action is the concept of delayed gratification, aspiration toward spiritual maturity. Music can function as a training school for spiritual maturity. (8) One of the major tasks of music in Seventh-day Adventist homes and churches is to express and reinforce the basic theological doctrines of the Church. (9) The successful programs ofdenominational music ministry share such characteristics as (a) cooperation between administrative levels, (b) adequate communication between pastoral and music staffs and between departments and ministries of the church regarding the philosophy and practice of music ministry, (c) involvement of the spiritual leadership in the formulation and application of the principles of music ministry, and (d) built-in procedures of settling discrepancies related to music ministry.
The Seventh-day Adventist Adult Sabbath School: its Purpose as Described and Perceived
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, McCormick Sherman
Published: May 2023

Problem. Since about the year 1930 the vitality of the Sabbath school, as measured by membership and offerings, has been in decline. Does the adult Sabbath school still have a role to fill in the Seventh-day Adventist church? If so, what is it? The purpose of this study was to determine the objectives of the adult Sabbath school and their perceived relative importance. Method. A study was made of the literature for the Sabbath and Sunday schools, along with input from the Sabbath school's professional administrators, to determine the adult Sabbath school's objectives. An instrument was created and administered to determine each objective's perceived relative value. Appropriate statistical analysis of the collected data, the determination of the significance of the statistical analysis, the drawing of conclusions, and the making of recommendations completed the research. Results. Six objectives for the adult Sabbath school were identified and ranked. In order of perceived importance they were: Bible study, Fellowship and support, Nurture and character development, Training for Christian service, Community evangelism and soul-winning, and World-mission promotion and funding. A model for the adult Sabbath school, based on the findings, was suggested. Conclusions. In both independent ratings and forced choices, respondents consistently identified Bible study as the most important objective for the adult Sabbath school. Equally significant is the fact that World-mission promotion and funding was consistently identified as the least important of the objectives for the adult Sabbath school. The three objectives having to do with the spiritual growth of the Sabbath school attendees (i.e., Bible study, Fellowship and support, and Nurture and character development) were consistently rated more important than those having to do with service to or evangelism of those not attending the Sabbath school (i.e., Training for Christian service, Community evangelism and soul-winning, and World-mission promotion and funding).
An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Training in the Utilization of Spiritual Gifts in the Personal Ministries of Ontario Seventh-day Adventists
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Maitland Fitzroy
Published: May 2023

Problem. The New Testament indicates that spiritual gifts occupy a crucial function in the life and growth of the church. No known empirical study has measured the effectiveness of nurture and training for gift implementation. This study was designed to investigate behavioral change in awareness and use of spiritual gifts by Seventh-day Adventist members. Methodology. The New spiritual Gifts Inventory (NSGI) was used to identify awareness of giftedness in five clusters--Teaching, Shepherding-Evangelizing, Supporting, Counseling, and Leadership. An Activity Inventory was developed for the study with 20 activity questions corresponding to the NSGI. The following statistical designs were used to analyze the data: Paired samples t-test to discover changes in subjects; one-way analysis of covariance to analyze the difference between the experimental and control groups in giftedness and activities; two-way analysis of covariance to investigate the presence of interactions between the treatment and personal values affecting spiritual gifts and activity factors. Seventy-two subjects participated in the study. The experimental group of 40 subjects was randomly selected from one West Indian (Black)congregation and one Caucasian (non-Black) congregation. The control group comprised of 32 subjects, was randomly chosen from one West Indian congregation and one Caucasian congregation. Results. Qualitatively, subjects sensed their need to use their gifts in the church as a function of their ministry. Quantitatively, treatment produced significant increases in gift awareness in the experimental group in the factors Counseling (p = .01) and Leadership (p = .00). Five experimental sub-groups whose pre-test were not primary, improved significantly in Shepherding-Evangelizing, Supporting, and Leadership awareness, and in Teaching and Shepherding-Evangelizing activities. No significant interactions were evident between the treatment and personal factors affecting gifts and activities except that Blacks increased more in counseling activities than Non-Blacks (p = .05) after the treatment. The Hawthorne effect was sufficient to produce significant increases in the control subjects' activities. Conclusions. Nurture and training increased awareness of spiritual gifts in Seventh-day Adventists in Ontario. A study of spiritual gifts with suggested activities can sensitize believers to significant involvement in personal ministries. It also seems evident that gifts are generally distributed without bias, but Blacks improve in more counseling and caring activities than non-Blacks.