bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new player in the field of financial affairs: the financial consumer
Authors: Gyuris Árpád
Published: August 2016

As a member of the EU, Hungary has to implement community norms into its legal order. The EU regulations have reached some basic institutions of the private and the business laws of the member states. The rules of consumer protection constitute the most important driving force behind the development. The current definition of the consumer intends to emphasize its weaker position in a contractual relationship. This definition seems to be in need of further specification in particular domains of transaction such as financial affairs.Recent financial scandals in Hungary, such as the case of the foreign currency loans and the bankruptcy of broker-houses and banks call attention to the need of providing special protection to financial consumers as well. In this paper, I would like to examine, whether and to what extent the concept of the financial consumer is taken into consideration in the current Hungarian economic and legal literature, and what steps should be taken to restore the balace between financial service providers and consumers. I think that the introduction of the concept would help to disseminate knowledge about financial culture, and prevent further malpractice.
Romania: still in crisis (?)
Authors: Jánossy Zsuzsanna
Published: August 2016

The starting point of the study lies in the fact that it analyzes the crisis not only as the cause of economic recession, but it also presents its effects upon society.As human development index cannot be calculated based only on economic well-being, neither is the economic development of a country sufficient to establish its place in global development ranking. The society for which a country's economy must function and develop is the other most decisive factor of development level. Society is the one to dispose of human resources, which represent the basis of national economy.The data and results used in this study reflect that the global crisis represents the cause of recession in Romania's economy and that due to its internal economic imbalances, the country is still trapped in the rift. At the end of the study, the reader is free to decide whether the "status report" on Romania's situation is a statement or a question.
Food security and GMOs
Authors: Schlett András , Beke Judit
Published: August 2016

This study deals with potential food security impacts of GM technology. GMOs are a debated issue in the current Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) trade negotiations, lending particular significance to our topic. Patents have been issued on gene sequences that allow biotech giants the exclusive right to profit from these varieties. To protect the specific genes, in addition to the desired properties seed infertility is also encoded. As a consequence, farmers who are no longer able to produce their own seeds become completely defenceless against multinational producers. In this way the supply of staple foods, like food grains, will be monopolized by transatlantic companies, giving them control over the markets, making self-sufficiency of nations and local producers impossible.
Profissões e espaços da política: as potencialidades de uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Tavares dos Reis Eliana , Rios Petrarca Fernanda
Published: August 2016

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Recursos sociais e inserção dos chargistas no espaço da imprensa escrita em Sergipe
Authors: José Ferreira de Oliveira Wilson , Menezes de Carvalho Alex
Published: August 2016

Este artigo analisa as condições sociais de entrada e de atuação dos chargistas nojornalismo impresso. O material que serviu de base para a construção do artigoconsistiu de uma pesquisa desenvolvida sobre um conjunto de chargistas que desenham ou já desenharam para jornais em Sergipe. A pesquisa evidenciou que as inserções prévias no universo jornalístico e as atuações na produção de desenhos artísticos constituem ingredientes fundamentais para o ingresso e a permanênciados produtores de charges na nos jornais.
A experiência social do trabalho sob a ótica das famílias dos agricultores da selva central peruana
Authors: Luiz Cruz Ricardo
Published: August 2016

Este texto se debruça sobre a experiência social do trabalho a partir da perspectiva das famílias dos agricultores de uma zona rural da selva central peruana. Estes sujeitos se definem como “pequenos” ou “médios” produtores de café, apesar de ser comum, entre os que possuem as menores lavouras, o trabalho temporário ou eventual num cafezal alheio. A maioria é formada por “colonos” vindos dos Andes e por seus descendentes. Uma minoria é composta por indígenas “nativos” da Amazônia. Trata-se aqui de entender, num primeiro momento, as condições sociais do trabalho local como produtor de café e, em seguida, as relações das trajetórias das gerações mais velhas de cafeicultores com as mais variadas atividades remuneradas que seus filhos vêm exercendo dentro e fora da selva central. Tais atividades se dão num contexto marcado, em especial, pela “decadência” da agricultura, pelo predomínio de empregos “informais” e “precários”, pelo “auto-emprego” ou “empreendedorismo” e pela valorização cada vez maior de profissõesque demandam, para o seu exercício, a posse de um diploma ou certificado deEnsino Superior.
Enjeux et politiques foncières en France et au Brésil: regards croisés sur deux histoires contrastées
Authors: Sencébé Yannick , Antonio Cazella Ademir
Published: August 2016

Cet article propose une mise en regard de deux pays, la France et le Brésil, où l’agriculture tient une place particulière, avec cependant des trajectoires et des enjeux contrastés. L’analyse est centrée sur la question foncière. Les données sont issues de travaux de terrain menés en parallèle et en commun et de la lecture croisée de sources statistiques et bibliographiques concernant l’histoire et les politiques foncières et agricoles des deux pays. L’étude, en première partie, des enjeux fonciers fait apparaitre une tendance à la dualisationde l’agriculture dans chacun des deux pays à partir de cheminement très contrastés. Au Brésil de très petites exploitations en situation de pauvreté et d’insécurité foncière voient leur nombre augmenter plus vite que la part du “gâteau” foncier et économique qui leur est réservé. En France, toujours moins d’exploitations toujours plus grandes accaparent l’essentiel des terres libérées dans un contexte de forte concurrence foncière. La remontée dans l’histoire des politiques foncières et agricoles, menée en seconde partie, montrequ’au-delà des objectifs similaires affichés de deux côtés de l’Atlantique, seul laFrance a mis en place une véritable restructuration foncière au profit de l’agriculture familiale de taille moyenne qui a constitué le socle de la modernisation agricole. Au Brésil, la politique foncière est plutôt le résultat historique des rapports de force entre élites agraires et mouvement sociaux expliquant les limites de la réforme agraire.
A universidade como um “viveiro” de vocações políticas: carreira profissional, notabilização intelectual e afirmação política
Authors: Gastal Grill Igor , Tavares dos Reis Eliana
Published: August 2016

Os processos de institucionalização do sistema universitário brasileiro e da formulação de problemáticas políticas legítimas progressivamente forjadas nesse espaço são tributários da intervenção de agentes que se notabilizam, indissociavelmente, como intelectuais e como políticos. Visando refletir sobre as intersecções entre domínios políticos e culturais, o ponto de partida para este artigo foi uma pesquisa mais ampla que delimitou 299 casos de deputados e senadores, atuantes entre 1945 e 2010, cujos perfis são marcados pela longevidade das suas carreiras políticas (eletivas e administrativas) e pela significativa dedicação à produção escrita. Entre eles, foram identificados 40 parlamentares singularizados também por sua atuação profissional como professores de ensino superior e, ainda, pela ocupação de cargos acadêmicos de gestão. A partir disso, cotejamos indicadores de origens sociais e de inserções culturais e políticas – sem perder de vista as diferentes e sucessivas circunstâncias históricas – delineando a composição de uma “elite universitária epolítica” que pertence a um segmento de uma “elite letrada e votada”. A retroalimentação entre prestígio acadêmico, vinculação com espaço político-partidário e ocupação de cargos administrativos de relevo fica particularmente evidente em casos de agentes que chegaram à posição de reitor em condições específicas de reconfiguração das universidades no Brasil.
A luta contra a Aids: uma causa, múltiplos saberes
Authors: Rios Petrarca Fernanda
Published: August 2016

Este artigo analisa o processo de formação de uma coletividade em torno da problemática da Aids, no cenário nacional brasileiro, com o objetivo de identificar os atores envolvidos nas respostas iniciais à epidemia, o contexto no qual estavam inseridos e as redes de relações das quais faziam parte. Uma das principais conclusões do trabalho é a de que os atores que participaram da formação de uma arena pública em torno da Aids, apesar de pertencerem adiferentes movimentos, possuíam fortes ligações entre si e estavam imersos em redes de relações que os aproximavam. Tais redes eram oriundas, sobretudo, de três espaços: movimento homossexual, movimento pela reforma sanitária e grupos de contestação contra o regime militar. Com base nisso, foi possível verificar ainda que a luta contra a Aids no Brasil está inscrita numa luta contra as políticas de saúde vigentes, que mobiliza tanto setores médicos, quanto movimentos sociais.
Perspectivas antropológicas e sociológicas em educação
Authors: Couceiro Luiz Alberto , Filho Juarez Lopes de Carvalho , Leal Giuliana Franco
Published: August 2016

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Atualidade e fecundidade da obra de Durkheim na sociologia da educação
Authors: Filloux Jean-Claude , Bourdieu Pierre , Eliard Michel , Kadri Aïssa
Published: August 2016

Mesa-redonda coordenada por Jean-Claude Filloux com a participação de Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Eliard e Aïssa Kadri
A condição do policial militar em atendimento clínico: uma análise das narrativas sobre adoecimento, sofrimento e medo no contexto profissional
Authors: Sales Larissa Jucá De Moraes , De Sá Leonardo Damasceno
Published: August 2016

Este artigo pretende discutir a condição social de policiais militares em fase de tratamento psicológico. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa estão em situação institucional de afastamento de suas funções laborativas para realização de atendimento clínico. O artigo está fundamentado em um trabalho de campo, no setor responsável pelo atendimento, e em entrevistas em profundidade com policiais militares, realizadas dentro e fora do contexto de interação simbólica no Centro Biopsicossocial da Polícia Militar do Ceará. Buscamos, neste caso, compreender como as experiências do medo, sofrimento e adoecimento são construídas por intermédio das percepções de nossos interlocutores. Deste modo, as narrativas policiais sobre o trabalho são explicitadas pela expressão simbólica do medo, entendido como produção social da indiferença, diante do jogo de atributos, segundo o qual coragem, valentia e a condição de “matador” se impõem sobre o destino social dessa categoria. Tal condição é refletida tanto pelo medo que provocam nas pessoas civis, enquanto “autoritários e violentos”, quanto pelo medo que sentem com o risco de perder a vida em ações violentas diárias. Quer-se, enfim, entender como esse sentimento perpassa o segmento social dos policiais militares, e de que forma seu significado moral e a maneira como se expressa, simbolicamente, revelam o funcionamento de um universo ocupacional, a partir de seus processos interativos, que levam ao adoecimento da pessoa na PM.
Bumba meu boi e assimetria social no Maranhão
Authors: Padilha Antônio Francisco de Sales
Published: August 2016

Trabalho de pesquisa sobre o processo de Construção Ilusória da Realidade, destacando o Bumba meu Boi enquanto prática performativa, inicialmente marginal e, posteriormente, ressignificada e recontextualizada a partir da música. Análise dessa prática performativa enquanto um lugar político e de ocultação de uma outra condição de subalternidade e manutenção da assimetria social existente no Maranhão.
A obra gorziana da década de 2000 e a sua relação com a nova crítica do valor
Authors: Machado Nuno Miguel Cardoso
Published: August 2016

A tese fundamental deste artigo é que existe uma relação estreita entre a obra tardia de André Gorz e a Nova Crítica do Valor (NCV). Em particular, a radicalização do pensamento de Gorz deveu-se, sobretudo, à descoberta da NCV. Esta corrente tem raízes na crítica da economia política de Marx e na teoria crítica da Escola de Frankfurt. Os seus principais representantes são Jean-Marie Vincent, Moishe Postone e Robert Kurz. Através de uma análise comparativa dos vários autores, serão aferidas as convergências (e as divergências) que se estabelecem entre ambas as teorias. Gorz adotou a distinção entre valor e riqueza da NCV, assim como a teoria da crise Kurziana, nomeadamente a noção de um limite interno absoluto da produção capitalista. Todavia, subsistem várias diferenças entre a sua teoria e aquela da NCV, nos âmbitos do conceito de tecnologia, do papel atribuído à teoria, da crítica do Iluminismo, da teoria do sujeito e da teoria da dissociação sexual.
A antropologia e as experiências escolares indígenas
Authors: Cohn Clarice , De Santana José Valdir Jesus
Published: August 2016

As conquistas legais obtidas pelos povos indígenas na luta pelo direito a uma educação escolar diferenciada são muito recentes. A partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, resultou um detalhamento de leis que anunciam e encaminham possibilidades para uma escola indígena específica, diferenciada, intercultural e bilíngue, reconhecendo o direito dos povos indígenas manterem suas identidades étnicas, fazendo uso de suas línguas maternas e processos próprios de aprendizagem. Para além do que o Estado passou a denominar de “escola indígena”, buscamos, neste artigo, apresentar distintos “casos etnográficos” em que coletivos indígenas acionam a escola a partir de intencionalidades as mais diversas, informadas por suas epistemologias, regimes próprios de conhecimento e sociocosmologias que, no limite, acabam, por diferentes meios, domesticando a escola e produzindo enfrentamentos e novas demandas para com o Estado. Desta forma, os modos como os indígenas se apropriam da escola produzem aproximações e afastamentos em relação às políticas que o Estado elabora para os povos indígenas, trazem consequências, tensões, desafios tanto para o Estado como para os coletivos indígenas e, do mesmo modo, para a Antropologia.
A expansão conservadora dos cursos de formação de professores em Ciências Sociais em Santa Catarina
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: August 2016

A expansão do Ensino Superior no Brasil não é um fenômeno recente; desde os anos de 1970 ela vem ocorrendo de forma crescente, concentrada principalmente nas instituições privadas. No entanto, no caso dos cursos de Ciências Sociais isso parece ser algo recente, que tem sido dinamizado pela reintrodução da Sociologia no Ensino Médio. Analiso neste artigo o processo de expansão das licenciaturas em Ciências Sociais/Sociologia em Santa Catarina, a partir dos dados fornecidos pela plataforma e-MEC , considerando tanto as singularidades envolvidas nesse estado como as questões gerais que se aplicam também ao resto do país. Compreendo que ocorreu uma expansão conservadora, concentrada nas instituições privadas de ensino, com uma presença crescente da Educação a Distância.
A presença-ausência dos árabes e de muçulmanos nos processos de modernização Brasileira: a readequação dos mapas coloniais
Authors: Kaly Alain Pascal
Published: August 2016

A introdução na Europa Ibérica das plantas de cana-de-açúcar e do café e de suas técnicas de plantio e de produção constituíram as bases dos processos coloniais (“descobrimentos”, tráfico e transbordamento de milhões de africanos para a Europa e as Américas) do mundo ocidental a partir do século XV. Concomitantemente, constituíram também os processos da modernização do mundo ocidental. Nossa reflexão visa a destacar o importante papel desempenhado pelos árabes muçulmanos nos processos coloniais das Américas e, em especial, como as técnicas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar e de café, e as transformações das plantas em açúcar e dos grãos do café em café deram início à modernização do Brasil, inaugurando assim as lutas pela possessão de mais terras para atender às exigências da agricultura intensiva inventada pelos árabes.
Cosmologias de apropriação fundiária no Brasil e em Cabo Verde
Authors: De Borba Carolina dos Anjos
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho intenciona analisar os processos sociais que possibilitaram a ascensão de descendentes de escravos como possuidores de terra em contextos pós-coloniais. O debate ora suscitado busca eleger como foco de reflexão as relações que produzem discursos de verdade, nos quais antigos rendeiros (Cabo Verde) e quilombolas (Brasil) não se constituem facilmente na figura de proprietários. As teorias do estado de exceção leem esses fenômenos deoscilação política como uma forma peculiar de resguardar a segurança pública em um paradigma arbitrário de governo. Sendo assim, serão apresentados argumentos que vislumbrem a insegurança fundiária nos dois países em um quadro complexo que mescla elementos étnicos e políticos. Além disso, as duas localidades oferecem materiais etnográficos densos para trabalhar a questão teórica “terra-segurança”.
Configuraciones y articulaciones de organizaciones de afrodescendientes y migrantes africanos de Argentina: una aproximación desde sus medios sociales
Authors: Morales Orlando Gabriel
Published: August 2016

La finalidad de esta aproximación etnográfica-discursiva es profundizar en el conocimiento de las configuraciones institucionales, actividades y discursos de organizaciones de migrantes africanos subsaharianos y de afrodescendientes de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El trabajo recurre a una descripción detallada y un análisis interpretativo con base en un corpus de publicaciones de sus medios sociales (blogs), junto a documentos institucionales y a registros etnográficos de observaciones de campo del período 2011-2014. Como parte de los resultados se identifican configuraciones institucionales que se definen y modifican de modo situacional; y una profusa actividad sobre la base de múltiples acciones y articulaciones y sustentada en un discurso militante reivindicativo. A partir de esto, la reflexión lleva a concluir que existen convergencias discursivas en torno de la lucha contra la histórica invisibilización y el racismo que afecta a africanos y afrodescendientes en Argentina.
Resumos de dissertações e teses
Authors: . .
Published: August 2016

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A erupção vulcânica de 2014/15 na Ilha do Fogo Cabo Verde e suas principais consequências
Authors: Silva Sónia , Alfama Vera , Cardoso Nadir
Published: August 2016

A ilha do Fogo é caraterizada pela ocorrência de 27 erupções vulcânicas históricas registadas desde o seu povoamento. Neste trabalho apresenta-se a sequência dos acontecimentos ocorridos durante a erupção vulcânica de 2014/15, iniciada no dia 23 de novembro de 2014em Chã das Caldeiras (Fogo), e os seus impactos. A erupção iniciou às 9h45 e foi antecedida por sismos de forte intensidade. O estilo eruptivo, do tipo estromboliano, iniciou com uma fase explosiva caracterizada pela libertação de gases e piroclastos (cinzas) seguida da emissão de lavas. A atividade vulcânica cessou a 8 de fevereiro, depois de ocorridos 77 dias de erupção, com a destruição das localidades de Portela, Bangaeira e Ilhéu de Losna.Apesar dasgraves repercussões socioeconómicas e ambientais, a pronta resposta à crise permitiu a evacuação eficiente das populações da Chã das Caldeiras pelas autoridades, com apoio de organismos internacionais, sem perdas de vidas humanas.
XXVIII Encuentro de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano ENES Morelia, UNAM (11 a 14 de noviembre de 2015)
Authors: Brito Marín Silvia Alejandra , González Jiménez Alejandra
Published: August 2016

La Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) de la UNAM, campus Morelia, inaugurada en 2012, acogió del miércoles 11 al sábado 14 de noviembre de 2015, la XXVIII edición del Encuentro de Investigadores del Pensamiento Novohispano.
VI Coloquio de la Asociación Mexicana de Estudios Clásicos (AMEC) Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UNAM (17 a 19 de febrero de 2016)
Authors: Cavalletti Giuditta
Published: August 2016

Los días 17, 18 y 19 de febrero de 2016 en las instalaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM se celebró el VI Coloquio de la AMEC (Asociación Mexicana de Estudios Clásicos), bajo el título “Diálogo entre Grecia y Roma y su proyección en el mundo contemporáneo”.
Model of the Russian Federation Construction Innovation System: An Integrated Participatory Systems Approach
Authors: Suprun Emiliya , Sahin Oz , Stewart Rodney A. , Panuwatwanich Kriengsak
Published: August 2016

This research integrates systemic and participatory techniques to model the Russian Federation construction innovation system. Understanding this complex construction innovation system, and determining the best levers for enhancing it, requires the dynamic modelling of a number of factors such as flows of resources and activities, policies, uncertainty and time. To build the foundations for such a dynamic model, the employed study method utilised an integrated stakeholder-based participatory approach coupled with structural analysis (MICMAC - Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement Cross-Impact Matrix). This method identified the key factors of the Russian Federation construction innovation system, their causal relationship (i.e. influence/dependence map) and ultimately a causal loop diagram. The generated model reveals pathways to improving construction innovation in the Russian Federation, and underpins the future development of an operationalised systems dynamic model.
An Explicit Expression of Average Run Length of Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart with ARIMA (p,d,q)(P, D, Q)L Models
Authors: Areepong Yupaporn , Sukparungsee Saowanit
Published: August 2016

In this paper we propose the explicit formulas of Average Run Length (ARL) of Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart for Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average: ARIMA (p,d,q) (P, D, Q)L process with exponential white noise. To check the accuracy, the ARL results were compared with numerical integral equations based on the Gauss-Legendre rule. There was an excellent agreement between the explicit formulas and the numerical solutions. Additionally, we compared the computational time between our explicit formulas for the ARL with the one obtained via Gauss-Legendre numerical scheme. The computational time for the explicit formulas was approximately one second that is much less than the numerical approximations. The explicit analytical formulas for evaluating ARL0 and ARL1 can produce a set of optimal parameters which depend on the smoothing parameter (λ) and the width of control limit (H), for designing an EWMA chart with a minimum ARL1.
ON SOME FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE FOR r-PREINVEX FUNCTIONS
Authors: AKKURT Abdullah , YILDIRIM Hüseyin
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we have established Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for r-preinvex functions via fractional integrals.
Toxins Polypeptide That Interfere with the Flow of Calcium (Channels and Receptors Intra and Extra-Cellular)
Authors: Silveira João , Alves Natacha , Neto Isaac , Evangelista Janaina , Monteiro Helena , Costa Paula
Published: August 2016

The voltage-dependent calcium channels (Cav) are a family of multigene channel that plays an essential role in regulating a variety of cellular functions. These channels are categorized as type L-, N-, P / Q-, R- or T, based on their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties. Activation of these channels and Ca2 + entry is required in many physiological processes such as muscle contraction and release of hormones and neurotransmitters, and many others, for example in the contraction mechanism, and vascular relaxation.
Nanoscale Silicon Waveguide Based Thermo-Optic Sensor Using a Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Rizal Conrad , Niraula Boris
Published: August 2016

A compact Mach-zehnder interferometer with a novel design of directional couplers and a phase shifter has been presented as a thermo-optical sensor. With the aim of reducing device size to micro and nano dimension silicon-on-insulator technology was employed. That allowed miniaturization of device size through the reduction of its cross sectional area to 0.066 µm2 and the radius of curvature of both the arms of the directional coupler and S-bends of the phase shifter to 5 µm and C-bends to 3 µm. These nano size device dimensions made it possible to reduce the coupling gap to 0.2 µm, which resulted in a significant reduction in the coupling length. The device geometry and its performance characteristics were analyzed and optimized using coupled mode analysis and finite difference time domain simulation tools, respectively. The wavelength dependent transmission loss of the device was measured at different temperature to verify and validate its performance characteristics. Tested devices showed a remarkable temperature dependent transmission characteristic offering significant changes in transmission loss band – with as low as 0.45 0C change in substrate temperature. The extinction ratio and the free spectral range of the device were 26 dB and 0.26 nm respectively in the wavelength range of 1549.5 nm – 1550.5 nm. These results imply that the devices presented here can be used as compact and highly sensitive thermal sensors and optical switches.
Comparative analysis of Landsat TM, ETM+, OLI and EO-1 ALI satellite images at the Tisza-tó area, Hungary
Authors: Szabó Loránd , Deák Márton , Szabó Szilárd
Published: August 2016

Satellite images are important information sources of land cover analysis or land cover change monitoring. We used the sensors of four different spacecraft: TM, ETM+, OLI and ALI. We classified the study area using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm and used segmentation techniques for training area selection. We validated the results of all sensors to reveal which one produced the most accurate data. According to our study Landsat 8’s OLI performed the best (96.9%) followed by TM on Landsat 5 (96.2%) and ALI on EO-1 (94.8%) while Landsat 7’s ETM+ had the worst accuracy (86.3%).
WYSTĘPOWANIE NIENASYCONYCH KWASÓW TŁUSZCZOWYCH TYPU TRANS (ELAIDYNOWEGO I WAKCENOWEGO) W MLEKU KOBIECYM
Authors: Jamioł-Milc Dominika , Stachowska Ewa , Janus Tomasz , Barcz Anna , Chlubek Dariusz
Published: August 2016

Wstęp: Nienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe typu trans (TFA) posiadają w swojej strukturze co najmniej jedno wiązanie podwójne o konfiguracji trans. Liczne badania dowiodły, że przyczyniają się do niekorzystnych zmian profilu lipidowego krwi, mogą inicjować lub przyspieszać przebieg wielu schorzeń o tle zapalnym, a także zmniejszać stopień wykorzystania kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny n-6 i n-3. Obecność TFA w tkankach i płynach ustrojowych jest wynikiem przede wszystkim spożywania pokarmów posiadających w swoim składzie te kwasy tłuszczowe. Celem pracy było określenie tego, jak kształtują się stężenia kwasu elaidynowego i wakcenowego w dojrzałym mleku kobiecym oraz ustalenie, czy istnieją zależności pomiędzy stężeniami tych dwóch TFA a stężeniami kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny omega-3 i omega-6.Materiał i metody: Badaniami objęto 53 kobiety w wieku 18–39 lat, w okresie laktacji, w 5.–6. tyg. połogu. W mleku kobiecym oznaczono zawartość kwasu elaidynowego i wakcenowego. Estry metylowe kwasów tłuszczowych nastrzykiwano na kolumnę kapilarną chromatografu gazowego 6890M Agilent wyposażonego w autosampler. Izomery geometryczne i pozycyjne kwasów tłuszczowych były identyfikowane na podstawie porównania czasów retencji z wzorcami kwasów tłuszczowych firmy Sigma-Aldrich. Zawartość poszczególnych kwasów tłuszczowych odczytywano na podstawie krzywych wzorcowych i wyrażono w mg/mL.Wyniki: Stężenie kwasu elaidynowego kształtowało się na poziomie 0,2572 ±0,1811 mg/mL, natomiast kwasu wakcenowego 0,2736 ±0,1852 mg/mL. W badanym mleku kobiecym nie zaobserwowano ujemnych korelacji pomiędzy stężeniami badanych TFA a stężeniami kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny omega-3 i omega-6.Wnioski: Średnie stężenia kwasu elaidynowego i wakcenowego kształtowały się na podobnym poziomie i nie miały negatywnego wpływu na stężenie kwasu arachidonowego oraz kwasu dokozaheksaenowego.
SCLERA AS THE TARGET TISSUE IN PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA
Authors: Iomdina Elena , Tarutta Elena , Markossian Gajane , Aksenova Julia , Smirnova Tatyana , Bedretdinov Alexej
Published: August 2016

Wstęp: Celem pracy było zbadanie osłony rogówkowo-twardówkowej i systemu tkanki łącznej (CT) u dzieci z nabytą oraz wrodzoną krótkowzrocznością postępującą, a także zidentyfikowanie informacyjnych kryteriów diagnostycznych wspomagających funkcję twardówki.Materiał i metody: Przebadano 155 dzieci w wieku 9–17 lat. 18 miało emetropię lub hiperopię, 20 miało niską krótkowzroczność, 32 średnią i 85 wysoką krótkowzroczność. 32 dzieci miało krótkowzroczność powikłaną (CM) z powodu obwodowego zwyrodnienia siatkówki. Mierzono histerezę rogówki (CH), gęstość akustyczną twardówki (SAD), topografię kręgosłupa promieniami X, plantografię, łączną hipermobilność, poziom kortyzolu w surowicy krwi (SC) i autonomiczny balans.Wyniki: Histereza rogówki, mmHg i SAD (jednostki względne; średnia ±SE) były niższe w wysokiej krótkowzroczności; w niskiej krótkowzroczności CH wynosiła 13,0 ±0,3, w średniej krótkowzroczności 11,9 ±0,3#, w wysokiej krótkowzroczności 10,7 ±0,3#; SAD wynosił odpowiednio 215,9 ±5,2, 204,9 ±3,7# i 192,8 ±5,8# (#: p < 0,05 dotyczy niskiej krótkowzroczności). Najniższe CH (10,3 ±0,4) i SAD (186,5 ±7,3) znaleziono w nabytej CM. Wrodzona krótkowzroczność z PRD wykazywała CH i SAD większe niż nabyta CM (p < 0,05). Poziom kortyzolu w surowicy krwi (nmol/L) w hiperopii wynosił 335,8 ±40,9 i spadał z wysokiej krótkowzroczności: w niskiej krótkowzroczności – 290,7 ±58,6, w średniej – 250,9 ±26,4, w wysokiej – 243,9 ±20,5. Najniższe SC znaleziono w nabytej CM, złożonej z CH i SAD. Postęp dysplazji CT z wysoką krótkowzrocznością stwierdzono: u 76,9% dzieci z niską, 82,4% ze średnią, 89,2% z wysoką krótkowzrocznością nabytą i 91,7% z krótkowzrocznością wrodzoną. Biochemiczne defekty CT i hormonalne zaburzenie balansu były związane z zaburzeniami balansu w wegetatywnym układzie nerwowym: w wysokiej krótkowzroczności jedynie 20,5% dzieci było eutonicznych, 61,5% – sympatykotonicznych i 17,5% parasympatykotonicznych.Wnioski: Uczniowie z postępującą krótkowzrocznością wykazują biochemiczne zaburzenia rogówkowo-twardówkowe wraz z dysplazją CT, spadkiem SC i zaburzeniem balansu wegetatywnego układu nerwowego, bardziej wyrażone w nabytej krótkowzroczności powikłanej. Nasze obserwacje przyczyniają się do zrozumienia patogenezy krótkowzroczności i diagnostyczno-prognostycznej oceny krótkowzroczności dzieci, a zwłaszcza wówczas, gdy potrzebne jest wzmocnienie twardówki. Słowa kluczowe: krótkowzroczność, twardówka, dzieci, tkanka łączna, parametry biochemiczne, kortyzol, system autonomiczny.
OCENA WARTOŚCI BADANIA ULTRASONOGRAFI CZNEGO METODĄ DOPPLERA W DIAGNOSTYCE OSTREJ MOSZNY U CHŁOPCÓW
Authors: Materny Jacek , Dymny Marta , Lesiewska Laura , Gawrych Elżbieta
Published: August 2016

Wstęp: Celem pracy było porównanie obrazu ultrasonograficznego ostrej moszny u dzieci ze zmianami stwierdzonymi śródoperacyjnie oraz ocena czułości badania ultrasonograficznego w diagnostyce ostrej moszny u dzieci.Materiał i metody: Retrospektywnej analizie poddano dokumentację medyczną 61 dzieci leczonych w Klinice Chirurgii Dziecięcej i Onkologicznej Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie (PUM) w latach 2008–2014 z powodu zespołu ostrej moszny, u których wykonano rewizję operacyjną moszny, bez względu na wynik badania ultrasonograficznego.Wyniki: Średni wiek operowanych wyniósł dla chłopców ze skrętem jądra 12,7 ±4,0, skrętem przyczepka jądra 8,6 ±4,5 i stanem zapalnym jądra lub najądrza 7,2 ±8,5. Śródoperacyjnie stwierdzono skręt jądra u 28 (45%) pacjentów, skręt przyczepka jądra lub najądrza u 26 (43%), stan zapalny jądra lub najądrza u 7 (12%). Czułość badania ultrasonograficznego wyniosła dla skrętu jądra 46%, skrętu przyczepka jądra bądź najądrza 20% i stanu zapalnego gonady 57%.Wnioski: 1. Badanie ultrasonograficzne metodą Dopplera wykazuje ograniczoną czułość w diagnostyce ostrej moszny u dzieci. 2. Rewizja moszny w przypadkach negatywnego wyniku badania ultrasonograficznego wydaje się być uzasadniona w każdym przypadku.
CHARAKTERYSTYKA SOMATYCZNA ORAZ STAN ODŻYWIENIA POLSKICH KOBIET STULETNICH
Authors: Pawlińska-Chmara Romana
Published: August 2016

Wstęp: Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie po raz pierwszy w historii polskich kobiet charakterystyki somatycznej stulatek oraz ocena stanu ich odżywienia.Materiał i metody: Część badań wykonano w ramach projektu PolStu 2001 realizowanego w latach 2001–2005, a pozostałe wykonane zostały w latach 2005–2007 przez autorkę prezentowanego opracowania. Wielkość próby wynosiła 361 przebadanych kobiet stuletnich. Charakterystykę stanu odżywienia badanych kobiet określono na podstawie pomiarów antropometrycznych. Uzyskane dane poddano analizie statystycznej za pomocą pakietu Statistica 8. Jako poziom istotności statystycznej dla wszystkich analiz przyjęto wartość p < 0,05.Wyniki: Polskie kobiety stuletnie cechuje określona budowa ciała oraz androidalny typ otłuszczenia.Wnioski: Przeprowadzona analiza może stanowić platformę dla dalszych badań podstawowych zgłębiających proces starzenia się człowieka, ale oprócz walorów poznawczych może być pomocna w tworzeniu programów społecznych uwzględniających kohortę ludzi długowiecznych na różnych poziomach struktury administracyjnej kraju. Programy takie służą zapewnieniu jakości wydłużonego życia.
Rate Decline, Power Laws, and Subdiffusion in Fractured Rocks
Authors: Raghavan R.. , Chen C..
Published: August 2016

A 2D, mathematical model that considers transient flow under subdiffusion toward a horizontal well that produces a rectangular drainage region through multiple fractures is considered. Subdiffusive behavior expressed through a fractional constitutive flux law is intended to reflect a complex geology that may exist on a number of scales in the form of obstacles and channels as well as attendant changes induced by hydraulic fracturing, and considers transient diffusion as a continuous time random walk (CTRW). The hydraulic fractures intersect the horizontal well at arbitrary locations with distinct properties (length, width, permeability). Pressure distributions expressed in terms of the Laplace transformation are inverted numerically. Computational issues are addressed, and numerical solutions are compared with asymptotic results. The focus of the work is on the boundary-dominated period for production at a constant pressure. Long-time responses described in terms of a two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function lead to a decline in rate that exhibits power-law behavior—an outcome of a complex geological structure with significant variations in properties (i.e., a complex geology in which cracks, fissures, and discontinuities abound). Conventional expectations of an exponential decline that until now has been the norm for the flow of a slightly compressible liquid in bounded regions are a subset of the results presented here.
Densitometric, tomographic and mechanical parameters of the female Wistar rat skeletal system after lactoferrin and colostrum treatment in the condition of gonadectomy-induced osteopenia
Authors: Bieńko Marek , Wolski Dariusz , Lis Alicja , Radzki Radosław P. , Filip Damian , Polak Paweł
Published: August 2016

Colostrum (COL) is a valuable discharge of the mammary glands of mammal females, which contains many bioactive components that are indispensable for the normal development of the young organism. Lactoferrin (LF) is one of the colostrum components serving a wide range of functions in the organism, e.g. it is involved in iron metabolism and has anti-inflammatory or immune activity. The experiment was conducted on 36 female Wistar rats in conditions of established osteopenia (60 days after gonadectomy). Females from the experimental groups were administered lactoferrin at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w. and colostrum at the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 ml/100g b.w. The results indicate that application of both COL and LF in conditions of established bone tissue atrophy induced by prolonged deficiency of sex steroid hormones has an osteoprotective effect on bone tissue. LF and COL inhibit a decrease in femoral BMC and BMD and improve bone strength parameters at the doses LF=20mg/kg b.w. and COL=5 ml/100 g b.w. However, high doses LF=40 mg/kg b.w. and COL=10 ml/100g b.w. may impede the improvement of bone strength. In femoral cancellous bone tissue, LF reduces the decline in BMC and vBMD, likewise COL, which additionally inhibits atrophy of the cancellous bone tissue. Administration of LF and COL reduced body mass gain and decreased the content of adipose tissue in the OVX rats. The presented results suggest a possibility of therapeutics use of lactoferrin and colostrum for improving the condition of bone tissue.
Influence of the presence of Cacoxenus indagator Loew. parasite larvae in brood chambers on the emergence rate and size of red mason bees
Authors: Zajdel Barbara , Fliszkiewicz Monika , Kucharska Kornelia , Gąbka Jakub
Published: August 2016

Cacoxenus indagator is one of cleptoparasites most frequently found in the nests of Osmia bicornis L. The goal of this experiment was to examine the influence of the presence of 2-3 C. indagator larvae in the brood chamber on the cocoon mass, on the mass and size of bee imagines, and on their emergence rate. During the analysis of red mason bee nest material, 200 cocoons were taken from brood chambers, each of them also containing 2-3 larvae of C. indagator (CC). The control group consisted of 200 randomly chosen cocoons from brood chambers with no parasites inside (CFFC). The cocoons and the emerged bees were weighed, and then the size of the bees was determined by the microscope image analysis software Axio Vision Rel. 4.0 coupled with a Stereo Lumar V12 stereoscopic microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). This involved measuring the sum of the widths of tergites 3 and 4, the distance between the wings and the forewing length and width. It was found that the presence of 2-3 C. indagator larvae in the brood chamber had no impact on the mortality of bees in cocoons. The research demonstrates that CC cocoons do not have to be removed when collecting cocoons from artificial nests in managed O. bicornis populations, as bees emerging from such cocoons are fully developed.
Serbia: Another endemic region for canine ocular thelaziosis
Authors: Hadži-Milić Milan , Ilić Tamara , Stepanović Predrag , Đorđević Jelena , Dimitrijević Sanda
Published: August 2016

Canine thelaziosis is widely distributed in Far Eastern countries and considered endemic in many European countries, between latitudes 39' and 46' N. Because of the unique relationship between the causer and its intermediate and final hosts, the genus Thelazia is one of the most specialized nematodes in the taxon. Thelazia callipaeda (superfamily: Thelazioidea) infects the conjunctivas of several mammalians, including dogs and humans. Since dogs may also represent a reservoir of infection for humans, the aim of the study was to show the epidemiological situation of thelaziosis in dogs in the Republic of Serbia, after it was first diagnosed in 2014, which is crucial for the successful treatment, control, and prevention of the disease. The research was performed on privately owned dogs in the period from the end of April 2013 to the end of October 2015 in 7 different regions in Serbia. Adult parasites were mechanically removed from dogs with manifested ocular disorders, and thelaziosis was diagnosed in 178 out of 501 animals. The high prevalence of T. callipaeda in dogs (35.52%) in the analyzed areas of Serbia indicates the endemicity of eyeworm infestation in these areas.
Investigation of E2, E5, and E6 gene expression and DNA in situ fragmentation findings associated with progressive and regressive changes in benign neoplastic cutaneous lesions arising naturally from bovine papillomavirus-1 infection
Authors: Alcigir Mehmet Eray , Vural Sevil Atalay , Timurkan Mehmet Ozkan
Published: August 2016

This study investigated the progressive and regressive phases of bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-1-induced papilloma and fibropapilloma in terms of the distribution of viral antigenicity; E2, E5, and E6 gene activity and expression; and apoptosis (evaluated using DNA in situ fragmentation). All samples from 74 bovine cases of cutaneous lesions with suspected neoplastic changes collected from different skin areas were evaluated. The lesions were diagnosed as papilloma or fibropapilloma using routine hematoxylin–eosin and Mallory’s trichrome staining protocols. Feulgen reactions suggested a possible viral entity, and BPV-1 antigenicity was immunohistochemically observed in 22 cases. E gene expression in neoplastic tissues was evaluated using chromogenic in situ hybridization and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the TUNEL method was used to evaluate DNA in situ fragmentation. Differences between progressive and regressive phases in these lesions were analyzed. Ultimately, the number of cases in the progressive phase (18) and regressive phase (4) were determined. Although E2 and E5 gene expression was observed in both phases, E6 gene distribution differed from the other E genes distribution in the progressive phase. E5 gene expression appeared stronger in oncogenic fibrocytes and fibroblasts, whereas E2 and E6 gene expression was weaker in epidermal cells and cells in the regressive phase. Apoptosis, considered the best indicator of neoplastic regression, was found to be associated with the regressive phase but was observed insufficiently in epidermal and dermal samples of the progressive-phase cases. In conclusion, this work provides significant insights on the molecular and immunopathological features of BPV-1.
Assessing, Understanding and Unlocking Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Snellings Ruben
Published: August 2016

The partial replacement of Portland clinker by supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is one of the most popular and effective measures to reduce both costs and CO2 emissions related to cement production. An estimated 800 Mt/y of blast furnace slags, fly ashes and other materials are currently being used as SCM, but still the cement industry accounts for 5-8% of global CO2 emissions. If no further actions are taken, by the year 2050 this share might even rise beyond 25%. There is thus a clear challenge as to how emissions will be kept at bay and sustainability targets set by international commitments and policy documents will be met.Part of the solution will be a further roll-out of blended cements in which SCMs constitute the main part of the binder to which activators such as Portland cement are added. Since supply concerns are being raised for conventional high-quality SCMs it is clear that new materials and beneficiation technologies will need to step in to achieve further progress. This paper presents opportunities and challenges for new SCMs and demonstrates how advances towards more powerful and reliable characterisation techniques help to better understand and exploit SCM reactivity.
THE FEATURES OF CLINICAL COURSE OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS DEPENDING ON THE FUNCTION AND FORMING OF THYROID NODULES IN THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: Bobyrova L. Ye. , Muravleva O. V. , Gorodinskaya O. Yu.
Published: August 2016

The paper presents the results of a study of features of the clinical course of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) based on hormonal status, activity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system, the characteristics of the immune response, as well as the presence or absence forming of thyroid nodules. Character of metabolic disorders allowed us to determine the type of the AIT course — namely, immune, superoxide, mixed or metabolic.
THE PROPERTIES OF 8-ISOPROSTAGLANDIN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (review and own research)
Authors: Kravchun N. O. , Dorosh O. G. , Ovsyannikova T. M. , Alekseeva I. I.
Published: August 2016

Presented an overview of scientific publications concerning of the role of prostaglandins as important physiologically active body substance that have antiviral and antitumor activity, as well as potential local regulators of cellular immunity. Results of the authors research have demonstrated varying degrees of activity 8-isoprostaglandin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in combination with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It was found that the middle level of 8-isoprostaglandin in patients with comorbid pathology is significantly higher than in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes without liver disease, but it was significantly lower in the group of patients with initial manifestations of NAFLD.
Czy Tradycja apostolska jest dokumentem rzymskim?
Authors: Zachara Maciej
Published: August 2016

Tzw. Tradycja apostolska jest zwykle traktowana jako element historii liturgii Kościoła w Rzymie. Przeświadczenie to opiera się ostatecznie na dwóch przesłankach: na przypisaniu dokumentu św. Hipolitowi Rzymskiemu oraz na fakcie obecności w rytuale chrzcielnym Tradycji apostolskiej dwóch namaszczeń pochrzcielnych, co jest specyfiką rytu rzymskiego. Żadna z tych przesłanek nie jest pewna. Przypisanie Tradycji apostolskiej Hipolitowi Rzymskiemu opiera się na tak wątpliwych argumentach, że musi zostać uznane za niezwykle mało prawdopodobne. Obecność dwóch namaszczeń pochrzcielnych w Tradycji apostolskiej jest prawdopodobnie skutkiem kompilacyjnego charakteru jej rytuału chrzcielnego, zaś dwa namaszczenia w rycie rzymskim można wytłumaczyć jako skutek zastrzeżenia bierzmowania dla biskupa oraz udzielenia prezbiterom zezwolenia na namaszczanie neofitów podczas chrztu udzielanego pod nieobecność biskupa. Namaszczenie neofity przez prezbitera stało się z czasem regułą przy każdym chrzcie. Pochodzenie Tradycji apostolskiej jest zatem niepewne, jej powiązanie z Kościołem w Rzymie nie jest udowodnione.
Rendimiento, estabilidad fenotípica y contenido de micronutrientes de fríjol biofortificado en el Caribe seco colombiano
Authors: Tofiño-Rivera Adriana Patricia , Pastrana-Vargas Iván Javier , Melo-Ríos Aslenis Emidia , Beebe Stephen , Tofiño-Rivera Rodrigo
Published: August 2016

La ingesta de proteína y micronutrientes en el Caribe seco colombiano en los últimos años ha sido motivo de preocupación pues cerca del 57 % de sus habitantes tiene déficit de aminoácidos, hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) en su dieta. Este artículo muestra los resultados de la evaluación multilocal agronómica de rendimiento y calidad de la semilla de nueve genotipos de fríjol biofortificado y un testigo local en el Cesar. La metodología incluyó la caracterización química y microbiológica del suelo, la evaluación de reacción a plagas y enfermedades, la valoración multilocal por AMMI y la selección de dos genotipos con el mejor comportamiento y contenido nutricional por ACP. Adicionalmente, para los genotipos priorizados, se determinó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson en el contenido de micronutrientes de semilla por localidades y años. Los genotipos biofortificados superaron significativamente en rendimiento y precocidad al testigo. Según el ACP, el grupo de biofortificados se diferenció del testigo en contenido de hierro y zinc en la semilla, lo cual confirmó su superioridad en calidad nutricional, y una mayor resistencia a plagas y enfermedades. El AMMI arrojó que el genotipo SMR43 evidenció estabilidad y predictibilidad entre ambientes y el SMR39 tuvo adaptación específica en la mejor localidad para producción de grano. Ambos genotipos conservaron niveles elevados de micronutrientes entre localidades y a lo largo del tiempo según correlación de Pearson.