bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of infection withSalmonella andEscherichiacoli O157:H7 due to consumption of lettuce in southern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Elias Susana de , Noronha Tiago Baptista , Tondo Eduardo Cesar
Published: February 2023

This study was carried out to estimate the risks of infection due to consumption of lettuce contaminated with these pathogens in Southern Brazil. The quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model comprised nine modules from storage of lettuce in producer farms until consumption. Scenarios were simulated using prevalence, concentration, and exposure levels lower than found in Brazil. Different procedures of washing and disinfection as well as cold chain (≤5ºC) in all distribution steps were also tested. Models built in Excel spreadsheet were simulated using @Risk® software. The QMRA simulations show that overall risks of foodborne disease due to consumption of lettuce are higher for Salmonella than for E. coli O157:H7. All alternative scenarios to clean lettuce, increase the risk (the best procedure was washing leaves with potable water followed by immersion in 200 ppm of sodium hypochlorite sanitizer for 15 minutes and rinsing with potable water). The major risk reduction was due to cold chain scenario. Sensitivity analyses indicated that in addition to the maintenance of the cold chain and the washing and disinfection procedures, it is important to reduce the prevalence and concentration of pathogens on lettuce in fields, in order to decrease the risk of infection by these bacteria.
Effects of operating speed, cutter bar cutting speed and forage plant moisture content on performance of a forage harvester
Authors: I M Gana , A Gbabo , A M Hassan , A Yusuf
Published: February 2023

Many researchers have advocated for the establishment of grazing zones and pasture farming as one method of reducing conflict between farmers and herders. In most developing countries, pastures are harvested using manual means, which is tedious and time-consuming. As a result, a self-propelled forage harvester was developed. This research looks into the effects of forage plant moisture content, cutter bar cutting speed, and operating speed on the cutting and field efficiencies of the forage harvester. The experiment was based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The machine's testing revealed that a combination of an operating speed of 2.4 km/h, a cutting speed of 55 m/min and forage plant moisture content of 55% yielded the highest cutting efficiency and field efficiency of 94.42% and 89.95%, respectively. The cutting efficiency was significantly (P≤0.001) affected by the cutting speed and the forage plant moisture content, whereas all the parameters significantly (P≤0.001) affected the field efficiency. The desirability function method in rsm was used to optimize the machine settings via numerical optimization. This resulted in a combination of 2.33 km/hr operating speed, 54 m/min cutting speed, and 67% plant moisture content (wb) that offered optimal values of cutting efficiency of 94.36% and field efficiency of 91.3%. The study's findings were used to establish harvester settings that would produce the best machine performance.
Evaluating the antimicrobial effects of turmeric, ginger and clove extracts on some food pathogen
Authors: S Ebrahimi , H Jalali , SH Ziaolhagh
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of turmeric, ginger and clove on food pathogens including Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella Dysenteriae and E. coli. To determine the antimicrobial effects, certain volumes of hydroalcoholic extracts of turmeric, ginger and clove were added to the blank disks, and after culturing the bacteria in Müller-Hinton Agar culture medium, the disks were placed on the culture medium and after the time required for the growth of the microorganism, the cultures were examined for the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Among the aqueous extracts, the highest antibacterial effect was related to the aqueous extract of turmeric on Escherichia coli pathogen with an average diameter of the growth inhibition zone of 17 mm and the lowest antibacterial effect was related to the aqueous extract of turmeric versus Salmonella with an average diameter of the growth inhibition zone of 9.5 mm. Among ethanolic extracts, the highest antibacterial effect was related to turmeric and ginger against Escherichia coli and Shigella (average diameter of growth inhibition zone 15.1 mm) and the lowest effect was related to ethanolic extract of turmeric versus Salmonella (mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of 10 mm. Among methanolic extracts, the highest antibacterial effect was related to turmeric methanolic extract versus Shigella (mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of 16.8 mm) and the lowest effect was related to methanolic extract of clove versus Escherichia coli (mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of 10.5 mm). Among the studied pathogens, Salmonella showed the highest sensitivity to the hydroalcoholic extracts of the medicinal plants used, and the highest resistance was obtained for Shigella. Considering that the hydroalcoholic extracts of turmeric, ginger and clove have antimicrobial properties, they can be used as food preservatives against Salmonella, Escherichia and Shigella.
Assessing the socio-demographic, economic and water source types that influences households drinking water supply in Debre tabor town, north-west Ethiopia
Authors: Geremew Gebremichael Shewayiref , Yismaw Emebet , Dejen Tsegaw Belete , Dires Shibeshi Adeladilew
Published: February 2023

Background: Human life depends on clean and healthy environment. However, low environmental standards lead to reduced life expectancy. Most peoples who live in the developing countries are under risk of getting clean water and any form of sanitation services. Because of this, millions of peoples are suffering from diseases associated with water. Nowadays, it needs emphasis on the accessibility of drinking water and factors which determine the supply of safe drinking water for urban households. Objectives: This study aimed to assess socio-demographic, economic and water source types that influences households drinking water supply in Debre Tabor Town, North-West Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted among households from February to March 2019. An interview-based pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collection samples were selected randomly and proportional to each kebeles. Epi info version 7.2.1.0, and SPSS Version 24 were used to enter and analyze the data; respectively and descriptive statistics with frequency counts and simple percentages were performed. Results: 418 households were participated. On average there were about 4.53 persons per each household. The most frequently used water source is pipe water (78.95%). Fetching water was the responsibility of females and children. Majority of the population of the town had no alternative sources, since traditional water sources were polluted by animal and human wastes. Due to high scarcity of water supply, traditional water sources were used by the residents. The time taken from home to traditional water sources was about 55.74% of the population had got their water for a trip of 15-30 minutes and 35.17% of the population 31-45 minutes, was much longer than the country average. 44.50% of the population got their water supply partially per week. 91.15% of the population was under the problem of water scarcity in the town. About 85.65% scarcity was happened due to weak administration of the concerned government bodies. Conclusion: The water supply was inadequate, and the quality was low. The median consumption was found to be 30 liters per household per day and 6.62 l/p/d, lower than the national and WHO minimum water consumption level of 20 l/p/d. Nine out of ten persons was under the problem of water scarcity in the town. The concerned government bodies should provide adequate and quality potable water facilities for the town residents.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid–19): a preventive approach for healthcare professionals
Authors: Milani Barbosa Caren Leticia de Souza
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of this work as revealed through a recent literature review is to present the clinical characteristics of the disease caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19), the known transmission routes, address how health professionals can identify suspected cases, and mainly, how to present preventive measures to control and minimize infection. Materials and methods: The bibliographic search in databases such as Scielo, Medline, Ministry of Healthl and Fiocruz, among others, from March 28-30, 2020, was conducted to collect research data. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles in their complete and free version, in Portuguese as well as English language. Results: The coronavirus infection presents symptoms such as fever, cough, sneezing and phlegm although some cases are considered mild. The main routes of transmission are direct and by contact. In order to identify suspicious cases, patients' body temperature must be measured. Health professionals must frequently wash their hands before and after treatment and use personal protective equipment. Conclusion: At times like this when society is experiencing pandemic disease outbreaks, new challenges arise for health professionals and others who work in areas at risk of contacting the disease.
A review of environmental, social and health impact assessment (Eshia) practice in Nigeria: a panacea for sustainable development and decision making
Authors: Adedoyin O Omidiji , Morufu Olalekan Raimi , Henry Olawale Sawyerr , Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe
Published: February 2023

Local participation is always beneficial for sustainable action and environmental problems resulting from urban implementation due to the failure of social and institutional change necessary for a successful transformation of rural life to urban life ahead of the rapid movement of the population. Despite good legal practice and comprehensive guidelines, evidence suggests that Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or more broadly Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) have not yet been found satisfactory in Nigeria, as the current system amounts to duplication of efforts and cost. However, ESHIA has been developed and integrated to help manage project activities, facilities, and operations sustainably, so that both economic and ecological profits are accrued (sustainable development) or ensure that any development project does not result in excessive deterioration of and/or the irreversible adverse effect on any component of the environment – a recite for sustainable development. A literature review was done by using a variety of search engines including Research Gate, Google Scholar, Academia, Mendeley, SSRN search strategy to retrieve research publications, “grey literature” and expert working group reports. The thrust of this study is to evaluate the potential benefits of ESHIA as a tool for sustainable environmental development. The evaluation and implementation of EIA are one of the strengths of these tools. Indeed, EIA is the first and foremost management tool employed to help mitigate adverse, potential, and associated impacts of proposed major developments in our environment. EIA is a regulatory requirement that is efficiently used to improve performance, project design, enhancing decision-making, and facilitating policy programs in a sustainable environment. An evaluation of the EIA systems reveals several weaknesses of the EIA system. These include the inadequate capacity of EIA approval authorities, deficiencies in screening and scoping, poor EIA quality, insufficient public participation, and weak monitoring and erratic government policies. Overall, most EIA study rarely meets the objectives of being a project planning tool to contribute to achieving sustainable development and mitigate the impact of the development project. The study recommends some directions for the future to ensure that entire content of the EIA are religiously implemented, review the existing EIA act, increase the expertise of EIA consultants, create a liaison office with an international organisation and with sister agency, ESHIA must enjoy Improved budgetary provision, time latitude, spatial contexts and methodological improvements for outcome measures to achieve results that are relevant to sustainable development by improving project design, enhancing decision making and facilitating policy programs.
Corona in New York city – panic, rumors, and misinterpretations: now we know that corona covid-19 is just the common cold, how can we understand what is happening in NYC?
Authors: Ventegodt Søren
Published: February 2023

The media is strongly and uncritically reflecting the belief that Corona virus COVID-19 is a deadly virus, that causes high mortality in NYC. The belief is coming from the World Health Organization WHO, who has estimated the infection mortality rate (IMR) to be 3.4%, but scientist all over the world is now based on mortality statistics and autopsy studies documenting that the IMR of COVID-19 is less than 0.01%. The stories in the media seem convincing, with pictures of mass-graves and mobile morgues in New York City, and terrible statistics of death in NYC presented in New York Times. There is an obvious mismatch between the information that comes from the independent scientist and the WHO, and many people take the media stories from NYC as a proof of COVID-19 being a fatal new virus. We have therefore looked into the media stories about the effect of the 2020 Corona pandemic on New York City and have been able to document for each story we have analyzed that the story comes from an interpretation of reality that is based on the preconceived idea that NYC is under attack of a deadly new virus. This means that when we look at the data presented in the story, we come to the opposite conclusion: there is nothing in the data behind the media stories that justifies the conclusion that a deadly pandemic is happening in NYC. The data is in line with the IMR of 0.01% found by the independent experts while the stories are in line with the IMR of 3.4% estimated by WHO. We warn the world that WHO most likely is following the interests of the pharmaceutical industry that funds WHO, and encourage the media to be much more critical and thorough in their research, so the media stories about COVID-19 can be less biased in the future.
Prevalence of road traffic accident and associated risk factors among drivers of three and four-wheeler vehicles, western Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Getachew Erena Motuma , Dechassa Heyi Worku
Published: February 2023

Background: Nowadays, worldwide road traffic-related injuries, disabilities, and deaths are becoming a major public health threat. It is projected that by the year 2020, road traffic injuries are becoming the third-largest cause of disabilities in the world. More than 85% of the world’s road fatalities are attributed to developing countries. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of road traffic accident and associated factors among drivers of three and four-wheeled vehicles in East Wollega, Western Ethiopia 2017. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed to gather information from 400 drivers of three and four-wheeled vehicles from February to March 2017. Data were entered into Epi info version 3.5.3, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was declared at P-value 0.05. Result: The data were collected from 400 drivers making response rate of 94.6%. The mean age of the study participants was 28.4±4.3. About one third (33%) of the drivers encountered an accident in the last one year. Living in urban (AOR=0.29, 95% CI [.09-.095]), Age of respondents 25-34 years (AOR=2.58, 95 %CI [1.46-4.54]) & >=35 years (AOR=2.53, 95%CI [1.20-5.33], sometimes angry(AOR=0.40, 95% CI [0.21- 0.77], don’t angry at all (AOR=0.26, 95% CI [0.11- 0.60], Mobile speaking habit while driving (AOR=1.67, 95% CI [1.21- 2.74]), driving on straight road (AOR=0.5, 95% CI [0.31-0.78]) and being penalized (AOR= 1.89, 95% CI [1.18-3.06],) were among factors associated with road traffic accident. Conclusion: The prevalence of road traffic accident revealed in this study is a public health significance. The most perceived cause of road traffic accidents mentioned was an overcrowded road which is shared by drivers, pedestrians, and animals. Therefore, it is better if the zonal and town transport agency office work on the management of road traffic utilization and continuously follow the driver’s behaviors.
Do mineral fertilisers have a deleterious effect on soil fertility? – case report
Authors: R Menino , C Esteves , P Fareleira , Branco A Castelo-
Published: February 2023

In the present case study, the aim is to show an example of the effect on residual fertility parameters (particularly with regard to the re-sprouting of plants after the harvesting of the aerial part), taken from a pot experiment, where modalities without fertilization, with mineral fertilization, with organic fertilization and with mixed fertilization were contrasted. Within this context it is possible to conclude the following: Mineral fertilization, alone, leads to a drastic inhibition of plant re-sprouting, that even in mixed fertilization situations (mineral + organic) it is considerable; in terms of residual microbiological activity, this phenomenon seems to be better correlated with reduced dehydrogenase activity than with β-Glucosidase activity.
Education of prisoners during the coronavirus pandemic on the example of Poland
Authors: Pestka Daria Becker-
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a discussion on education of prisoners during the coronavirus pandemic on the example of Poland. Education is an important tool in social rehabilitation of prisoners, which is provided to prepare them for the participation in professional, social and family life. At present, facing the coronavirus pandemic, the entire penitentiary system must deal with problems which have been unknown so far and it must meet new challenges related to education of prisoners. At the same time, the dynamic development of new technologies offers new possibilities in the field of education. The material presented in the paper has been collected by the methods of interviewing, data analysis and content analysis. The obtained results indicate that education of prisoners during the pandemic has not overturned any education schemes which have been applied currently. A fundamental task in education of prisoners is eliminating negative results of social exclusion which are related to education negligence. The results of the research can be applied in a multi-dimensional perspective by both theoreticians and practitioners. They can be also used for improvement and search of better and more efficient solutions in the field of education of prisoners. Considering numerous scientific fields, a discussion might be started to select methods for education of prisoners and to determine how to implement e-learning, with respecting security rules. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the system of prison education has not been disrupted and penitentiary units have been functioning without any problems, in their regular ways. However, it is necessary for every unit to follow the sanitary regime.
Application of nanotechnology for optimization of bleaching efficiency of edible oils
Authors: Almoselhy Rania IM
Published: February 2023

Nanotechnology is the recent science dealing with materials at the nano-sized (smaller than 100nm). Nanotechnology showed its potential significance in almost all industrial sectors. In the current paper, the potency of nanotechnology was affirmed in the food science and technology, especially in the manufacturing of edible oils which passes many procedures, from which is the most important step of bleaching edible oils to remove colorants and contaminants and enhance the quality parameters of these vital components of the human diet. Bleaching process made use of bleaching earth powder which was converted into the nano-sized and then utilized in the bleaching process of edible oils. Results showed the powerful bleaching efficiency optimized by applying nanotechnology in converting the bleaching earth powder to the nano-sized through mechanical milling processes which resulted in smaller size in nanoscale with more efficient surface area available for adsorption of colorants and contaminants of the edible oils resulting in pure edible oils of superior quality and safety.
Effects of different levels of phosphorus and bradyrhizobium inocula on the productivity and protein content of mungbean (vigna radiata l. wilczek)
Authors: Hannan Abdul , Huda Muhammad Shamsul , Sultana Mahbuba , Alam Md Robiul , Islam Md Ariful
Published: February 2023

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major limiting nutrients to mung bean production. However, the use of imbalance P nutrient and lack of inocula decreased the mungbean yield in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study has been untaken to study the effect of different phosphorus levels and Bradyrhizobium inocula on the yield and protein content of mungbean. Treatment comprised of four levels of phosphorus - P0, P30, P60, P90 (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 respectively) and strains of Bradyrhizobium inocula - I0, I1, I2 and I3 (not inoculated, inoculation with BINA-MB-THA 301, BINA-MB 441 and BINA-MB 301). The highest seed yield (1066.3 kg ha-1) was obtained from P60 followed by P90 (957.7 kg ha-1) and P30 (870.5 kg ha-1) while the lowest seed yield (578.9 kg ha-1) was obtained from the control. Protein content was highest (24.5 %) in P90, followed by P60 (24.4%) and P30 (24.4 %), and the lowest (24.1 %) was obtained from control. Inoculation of seed increased the yield and yield components, and harvest index. Better performance of the yield components and protein content of seed was found with the inoculants I1. The I1 strain produce the highest seed yield (982.5 kg ha-1) while the lowest yield (670.5 kg ha-1) was obtained from uninoculated control plot. The highest protein content of mungbean seed (25.3 %) was estimated when I1 strain of Bradyrhizobium was used for seed inoculation. Among the treatment combinations, P60I1 provided better growth and yield performance and increased protein content of mungbean.
Rudimentary horn – different clinical presentations
Authors: Kathpalia Sukesh
Published: February 2023

Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is a type of Mullerian duct malformation. This rudimentary horn may or may not have functional cavity. This cavity is usually found to be noncommunicating with main cavity of unicornuate uterus. This rudimentary horn can create certain obstetrical and gynecological problems. Pregnancy in rudimentary uterine horn is a dangerous kind of ectopic pregnancy; its rupture causes massive hemoperitoneum. Collection of menstrual blood in the rudimentary horn will result in hematometra and can cause chronic pelvic pain and subsequent endometriosis. Three cases with different clinical presentation are being presented.
Study of serum lipid profile in pregnancy and its correlation with preeclampsia
Authors: Kaur Dr Brinderjeet , Nidhi Dr , Fayyaz Dr S
Published: February 2023

Objective: To study serum lipid profile between 13-20 week of pregnancy & to look for correlation, if any, of serum lipid levels in pregnancy with preeclampsia and to find out correlation, if any, between serum lipids profile and fetomaternal outcome. Material and methods: We carried out a Longitudinal, Descriptive type of observational study in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at SDMH, Jaipur from June 2016 to April 2017.Total 125 patients were enrolled in study fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria between 13-20 weeks of gestation at SDMH, Jaipur, 14 patients were lost during follow up finally 111 patients remained for analysis .Serum lipid profile was done in all patients and these were followed till delivery for presence and absence of preeclampsia. Results: The mean level of TC in participants developed preeclampsia was 224.36±43.68mg/dl. This was significantly higher as compared to normotensive group 180.77±36.58mg/dl. Conclusion: Early prediction of preeclampsia can be used as a tool for primary prevention before the development of the disease. There is no single specific test available to predict the preeclampsia till date. So there is need of further research to discover the specific test to predict preeclampsia
Eclampsia in African Milieu, Yaounde-Cameroon: epidemiology, seasonal variations and treatment regimen
Authors: Félix Essiben
Published: February 2023

Background: In our context, eclampsia is a major cause of maternal death. Patients are often sent to referral hospitals for optimal care because of the scarcity of resources in peripheral health facilities. We study characteristics of eclampsia the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (YGOPH) in order to prioritize our resources. Methodology: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study from December 2017 to April 2018 at YGOPH. All women managed for eclampsia over the preceding 10 years, from May 1st 2008 to April 30th 2018, were included in the study. We evaluated the seasons of disease occurrence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on admission and treatment regimen. We analysed our data using Epi info 7.0. Results: The frequency of eclampsia was 0.96% (151/25680). The mean age of patients was 23.95±6,02 years. Singles (73.5%), housewives (40.4%) and nulliparous patients (54.9%) were the most represented. The disease occurred more frequently during the major rainy season (43.7%). Patients were most often referred cases (70.2%). Eclampsia occurred mostly antepartally (70.3%). Hypertension was most often severe (83.45%). Nicardipine was the most used antihypertensive medication (76.8%) and magnesium sulphate was the anti-convulsant of choice (98.0%). The majority of women delivered by caesarean section (77.8%). HELLP syndrome was the most common maternal complication (9.9%), while prematurity was the most frequent fetal complication (58.9%). The maternal and neonatal mortality rates were 8.6% and 24.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Eclampsia remains an important cause for concern as it results in non-negligible morbidity and mortality. It is therefore important to promote and reinforce antenatal care for pregnant women while taking into consideration the seasonal variations of the disease.
Identifying maternal nutritional risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia in Nigeria
Authors: Inegbenebor Ute , J Okosun
Published: February 2023

Objective: To find out if maternal nutritional habits are associated with the birth of macrosomic babies in Nigeria Design: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study of the nutritional habits of mothers of macrosomic babies and mothers of normal (non-macrosomic) babies attending a post natal clinic in Nigeria Setting: This study was carried out in St Philomena’s Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, a maternity hospital, which has a large clientele because of its accessibility and affordability. Participants: Seventy five (75) mothers of macrosomic babies and 93 mothers of normal (non-macrosomic) babies Results: There was a significant difference between the frequencies at which mothers of macrosomic and normal babies ingested similar qualitative amounts of the staple high glycemic index diets. There was also a significant difference between the frequencies at which mothers of macrosomic and normal babies ingested similar qualitative amounts of low glycemic index diet used in this study. Most of the mothers of macrosomic babies indulged in soft drinks at frequencies, which were significantly different from the frequencies at which mothers of normal babies indulged in them. There was however no significant difference between the frequencies at which mothers of macrosomic and normal babies indulged in cocoa drinks. There was also a significant difference between the usage of vegetables by mothers of macrosomic and normal babies. Conclusion: The dietary factors that predispose to fetal macrosomia are frequent ingestion of high glycemic index diets and soft drinks and the avoidance of dietary fibers.
A retrospective cohort study on the clinical course of ovarian torsion in females with abdominal pain
Authors: Ghazal Dr. Kariman , Jihad MD El Hassan , Bayrouti MD Ahmad , Yared MD Georges
Published: February 2023

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the clinical and ultrasonographic features of females who presented with abdominal discomfort and had ovarian torsion against those who did not. Methods: This was a cohort study that looked back included all female patients who presented to a referral private clinic with pelvic and/or abdominal pain between January 2017 and December 2020. Patients who were clinically diagnosed with torsion but had negative intra-operative findings were excluded. Patients who met the criteria were separated into two groups (ovarian torsion vs. no torsion).Symptoms including the type, location and duration of pain, presence of nausea and vomiting, abdominal tenderness, presence of adnexal masses at digital examination, ultrasound findings, pre-operative diagnosis, final diagnosis, as well as surgical management were recorded. Results: During the research period, a total of 65 female patients came with abdominal discomfort, with 17 (26.2%) having ovarian torsion and 48 (73.8%) not having torsion. 1 (5.9%) of the 17 patients with torsion were in their teenage years, 14 (87.4%) were in their reproductive years, and 2 (11.8%) were 51 years or older. All patients who had torsion presented with nausea and vomiting while none of the patients who did not have torsion had nausea and vomiting (p-value<0.0001). As for pain, 38 (79.2%) had moderate pain in the no torsion group compared to none in those who had torsion since all patients who had torsion had severe pain compared to 10 (20.8%) of those who did not have torsion (p-value<0.0001). Eight patients were pregnant, 5 without torsion and 3 with torsion. The length of discomfort in the torsion group was substantially longer than in the non-torsion group (52.6555.02 days vs. 16.3115.85, p-value0.0001, respectively). Three patients were menopausal, 1 with no torsion and 2 had torsion. Around 58% of the patients without torsion had negative Doppler findings for simple cyst compared to 23.5% of those with torsion. All patients who had torsion underwent surgery and all patients without torsion had regression of pelvic mass. For those who had torsion, 35.3% had their ovary removed, 58.8% had the cyst removed while ovary conserved, and 5.9% had drainage for the cyst. Conclusion: Using a combination of presenting symptoms and ultrasonography, ovarian masses may be identified and ovarian torsion suspected. Torsion must be detected early in order to get conservative therapy and maintain the reproductive capacity of younger girls.
Delivery of macrosomia in a Cameroonian referral facility: epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects
Authors: Tatsipie Wilfried Loïc , Metogo Junie Annick Ntsama , Mballa Sylvie Odile , Ngo Dingom Madye Ange , Kengni David Nekou , Ngo Um Esther Meka , Noa Ndoua Claude Cyrille , Pascal Foumane
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Macrosomia represents a high-risk obstetrical situation because it is at the origin of an important maternal-fetal morbidity through its numerous complications, reason for which it would put at risk the maternal-fetal vital prognosis. However, few studies have been carried out in our environment, hence the need to contextualize and update the data. Objective: Our objective was to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of the delivery of macrosomia at the Gynaecological-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection at the Gynaecological-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital in Yaoundé. The recruitment period was spread over 4 months, from 03 January to 07 May 2021. Thus, we included in our study, women who delivered a macrosomic newborn and gave their informed consent for the study. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software. Results: In total, we included 52 participants. We obtained a frequency of 6.23% of macrosomal deliveries at the HGOPY. The most represented age group was between 25 and 30 years for an average age of 29 years.Diabetes was found in a small proportion (1.9%), Obesity was found in 12% of cases. Induction of labour was necessary in 13% of cases. Uterine heights between 34 and 37 cm were predominant in 56% of cases. Multiparous women were the most common in 32% of cases, and postterm in 7% of cases. The most common presentation was cephalic at 92%. Caesarean section was necessary in 37% of cases and occurred mostly in emergency at 85% and the use of oxytocin was the majority. Complications at delivery were dominated by perineal lesions in 70% of cases and delivery haemorrhage in 60% of cases. We observed 92% of macrosomic newborns with a weight between 4000 and 4499 grams. Male sex was predominant in 72%. Fetal complications occurred in 11% of cases and were dominated by hypoglycemia and fetal death in utero. We did not record any neonatal or maternal deaths. Conclusion: Macrosomia is common in our study site. It mainly concerns women from the western region, with an average age of 30 years. The rate of caesarean section is high allowing the birth of a boy in the majority of cases. Maternal complications are dominated by perineal lesions and delivery haemorrhage, fetal complications by in utero fetal death and hypoglycaemia. Perinatal mortality is high.
Xenophobic encounters: sociological perspectives on the experience of migration in South Africa
Authors: Mpofu Buhle
Published: February 2023

With migration currently dominating global political and economic debates as more migrants and refugees flee wars in Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan and other unstable countries this paper presents part of ethnographic data collected through field worka with migrants in Johannesburg as part of a contribution towards understanding the complexity of this phenomenon. The data was collected over a period of three months and drawn from focus group discussions, interviews with key informants and self-administered questionnaires. These findings confirm that migrants in Johannesburg live in ‘fear’ and even ‘ashamed’ they were living in a City with such high levels of migrant hostility, citing unjust economic practices from corrupt public officials and lack of protection in the face of violence, dislocation and rejection in a culturally diverse society around Johannesburg. Although the migrants indicated that they felt welcome with the UPCSA congregations, there was enough evidence to conclude that the congregations are not competent and do not have a strategy to minister to the now predominantly migrant congregations. The paper argues that understanding these realities was helpful in sketching the details for emerging sociological themes that emerged in relation to lived social experiences of migrants with regards to engagement with society, Recognition and Human Dignity, Shame and Vulnerability, Competition and Compassion fatigue.
Investigate from the knowledge of the peoples
Authors: B Yeslando J Gonzalez
Published: February 2023

The following paper addresses from a critical point of view the way on how Venezuelan universities approach popular knowledge and how it would be transmitted to future generations. For the author institutions cannot become mere instruments generating ideologies or become Universities for the Generation of Communes and less in particularities ... "believe that you can replace a research university by a university in the commune ... "1 As our current policy in Venezuela intends, it is to try to apply policies that pretend to relegate us to the past.
Cyberbullying among adolescents: frequency and characteristics
Authors: Vitto Charisse 
Published: February 2023

Background: Cyberbullying is commonly present as affecting in adolescent population. Current research suggests that cyberbullying occurs mostly in secondary education. There was a total of 186 students who participated in this study. It was found that there was a significant association between cyberbullying and cyber victimization which suggest that cyber victims have the tendency to be cyberbullies and vice versa. Moreover, more than half of the victims do not report cyberbullying phenomena to adults. It was also found out that schools were the least medium for adolescent to learn safety strategies online.
Poverty in the north-western part of Nigeria 1976-2010 myth or reality
Authors: Kware Aliyu A
Published: February 2023

Every society was and is still affected by the phenomenon of poverty depending on the nature and magnitude of the scourge. Poverty was there during the time of Jesus Christ. Indeed poverty has been an issue since time immemorial, but it has become unbearable in recent decades particularly in Nigeria. It has caused a number of misfortunes in the country including corruption, insecurity and general underdevelopment. Poverty has always been seen as negative, retrogressive, natural, artificial, man-made, self-imposed, etc. It is just some years back that the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS, NBS) has reported that Sokoto State was the poorest State in Nigeria, a statement that attracted serious heat back from the Government of the State. The Government debunked the claim, saying that the report lacked merit and that it was politically motivated. In this paper, the author has used his own research materials to show the causes of poverty in the States of the North-western part of Nigeria during the period 1976 to 2010, and as well highlight the areas in the States, which have high incidences of poverty and those with low cases, and why in each case.
The bridge and the ferry on the Po River
Authors: Galvani Adriana
Published: February 2023

Rivers have great significance for natural and political life. Water is a source of life, the debris that are transported create fertile territories, the ways drawn by rivers mark the territories, and politically distinguish areas and regions.
Ecological consumption in Romania
Authors: Mihăilescu Adina
Published: February 2023

While in some parts of the world, strategic resources are scattered, in others people can not even satisfy their basic needs. Changing consumer behavior is a process that requires a large number of social groups, specialists, institutions, industries, and so on. In addition to private households, one of the major consumer groups, there is the economy, institutions, armies, authorities, non-governmental organizations and many other groups, of large direct or indirect consumption of natural resources. We present some of the research data: 'The Ecological Dimension of Consumption of Goods and Services' carried out by a group of researchers of the Institute for Quality of Life structured in the knowledge of the products and ecological services; consumption behavior; attitude towards ecological issues.
Analysis of the circumstances of methane explosions at the mines of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named by N. Poljakov of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Krukovskyi Oleksandr
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes and summarizes the circumstances of methane explosions in mines of Ukraine over the past 50 years, which occurred as a result of the formation of dangerous methane concentrations in the outgoing jets of mining areas. Both explosions in excavation areas and explosions associated with gas contamination of areas that occurred outside of them were reflected. The typification of methane explosions is carried out and the schemes of their occurrence are determined, the classification of which is based on the causes of the formation of an explosive atmosphere. These include explosions: in mined-out areas, in case of ventilation disturbances, in local accumulations of methane, in the degassing of areas after ventilation disturbances, in the degassing of dead-end workings within excavation areas, with increased gas release, as well as explosions caused by gas contamination of excavation areas that arose behind their limits. It has been established that the main reasons for the formation of an explosive atmosphere in mining areas during methane explosions are disturbances in ventilation, accumulation of methane in mined-out areas and the formation of local accumulations. Data on the most serious accidents from methane explosions in the history of the coal industry in Ukraine are given separately. It is concluded that stationary automatic equipment for monitoring the concentration of methane does not always make it possible to recognize a hazardous situation in mining areas in case of disturbances in ventilation and due to other causes of gas pollution. Several other gas-dynamic phenomena that have occurred in recent years have also been analyzed; these include endogenous fires from spontaneous combustion of coal during mining operations in an extremely stressed coal-rock mass. As recommendations, it was noted that to improve the efficiency of air-gas control and reduce the likelihood of methane explosions, the following measures are advisable: control of air consumption in mining areas of mines of category III for methane and higher, monitoring of carbon monoxide in the initial ventilation jets of mining areas during the development of coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, improving the organization of notification of underground personnel about cases of gas contamination of mine workings. Keywords: coal mines, mining areas, methane, explosions, endogenous fires.
Properties of Pyocin S9 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCM В-333
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Balko O.B. , Zelena L.B. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Balko O.I. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Maksymenko L.O. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Voitsekhovsky V.G. ,   Bohomolets National Medical University, Avdeeva L.V. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

The deposited by us highly active bacteriocin producer Pseudomonas aeruginosa UСM B-333 synthesizes pyocins, which intensively inhibit phytopathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae — plant pathogens. This strain produces pyocins S1 and S5, as well as microcin-II-like bacteriocins. The aim of this work was to check the presence of other pyocins in P. aeruginosa UCM B-333. Methods. The concentrated bacterial lysate of P. aeruginosa UCM B-333 was separated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. The fraction with studied bacteriocin was further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. To determine the belonging of investigated pyocin to a certain subtype, its molecular weight, antimicrobial activity, kinetics of the effect on sensitive microorganisms, and serological homology with carotovoricins of Pectobacterium carotovorum were studied as well as the ability to interact with siderophore receptors and nuclease activity were tested. Results. The isolated pyocin is a protein with a molecular weight of the active part of pyocin of 43.4 kDa and an immune protein — of 9 kDa. Th is substance is characterized by nonspecific DNase activity and affects sensitive cells by the single-hit response kinetics of influence through binding to receptors that are not concerned with iron transport. The revealed pyocin is not related to carotovoricins, its activity spectrum is close to other pyocins’ activities, and it affects clinical multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The induction mechanism of this bacteriocin may be different from that described for other pyocins and not concerned with the RecA system. The determination of factors that stimulate the expression of pyocin S9 requires further study. Conclusions. According to the established properties, the studied substance is the closest to the foreseen pyocin S9.
Significance of the Husbandry in the Ukrainianhood Creation
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Serhiichuk Volodymyr
Published: February 2023

The anti-scientific concept of the common origin of Ukrainians and Russians has been debunked long ago in the works of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Vadym Shcherbakivskyi and other researchers. After all it is really impossible to create the same ethnic groups that are in different natural and climatic conditions, affecting also the level of material production. Agriculture has been possible in the pre-historical times just on the territories of the Ukrainians’ ancestors settling. A large part of the most fruitful black earth is concentrated there. Agriculture attracts a person directly to the process of grain-crops growing. It becomes the main consumption product. Along with providing human with bread, this material production, as well as natural and climatic conditions, has a special effect on the formation of the person mentality. The possibility of storing and using grain for a long time, respectively, forms a person’s confidence in the future, at least until the new harvest, does not encourage a constant search for livelihoods. Thus, the stability of the provision, which is guaranteed by husbandry, produces calm behavior, prudence in action and, accordingly, in attitude to the world around. The formation of a calmer character is also influenced by the ox as a working cattle, because on deep black soils it is a more powerful traction force for an iron plow than, for example, a horse harnessed to a plow on light sandy loams. Finally, this fact will affect the creation of chumatstvo as a separate craft of Ukrainians in the future. In particular, they will be involved in the export of salt through the arid Volga steppes from the middle of the 18th century, because the horses can’t stand a long way, and the Russians don’t have the skills to work with oxen. The mentality of the Ukrainians’ ancestors is also influenced by the warm sun, which is inherent on the territory of our settlement. This fact is also pointed out by the famous Russian writer Maksym Gorky, who has an opportunity to compare the nature of the southern steppe and northern forests. This has given him a reason to declare: “These are two completely different worlds! Whether they can have the same psyche, the same language, one worldview, the same way of life? It is clear, they can’t! The ethnographer as well as philologist, economist, politician and religion researcher will prove it to you with a complete clarity”. Tymish Olesiiuk, a member of the Ukrainian Central Council, is eloquent about the separateness of Ukrainians: our people have been autochthonous for many millennia, not a “homeless stray who appears in Ukraine from nowhere, unknown why and what for somewhere in the 14th–15th centuries”.