bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hak Asasi Politik Perempuan di Indonesia Dalam Perlindungan Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Fernando Alam Subuh
Published: July 2021

Data accumulation literature is the method used in this research, in this article it will describe women’s political rights and opened up framework that always considered women marginalized. And indoctrinating the false paradigm of woman.  In the presence convention ratification of the political rights of women, that means the state has an obligation to ensure and aluminate the right of woman on the political rights. CEDAW, UDHR and DUHAM states that the rights and freedoms need to be owned by everyone without discrimination. Therefore with positive legal regulations and Islamic law the state should ensure and protect of HAM, UDHR and DHAM tend to anthropocentralize the meaning of human beings as objects in its assertion, while HAM in Islamic law is more the centralized meaning Qur’an and Hadith as its object.

 
Hegemoni Kiai di Desa Payaman Solokuro Lamongan pada Pemilu 2019
Authors: Sa'adah Khoridatus , Fauzi Agus Machfud
Published: July 2021

A Kiai has a high position both socially and spiritually that affects the power of influence over society's choices. The writing was intended to analyze the travel process of hegemoni by Kiai as a sales figure for the golongan karya political party. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative through interviews and observations at the Darul Ma 'arif village Payaman Solokuro Lamongan. The hegemonic theory of Antonio gramsci was used as a basis for analysis. The final result is that the hegemoni sequence of Kiai is absorbed in two parts. This division is based on the difference in age and background. The first group is a society that is over 60 years old and hegemoni is taking a spiritual approach. Its real form, the practice of hegemony was melted down during recruitment. Intellectual ramming is directed as a measure of obedience to the strings to receive a blessing. The second group is scolars and educators. Hegemoni in this group uses discussion forums or coordination meetings by all members of the foundation. The hegemonic column for the educated and more rational group of educators. The real inversion, ramming was done by showing a good track record by the golongan karya party.
Khilafah Vis A Vis Demokrasi: Menguak Sistem Pemerintahan Negara Plural yang Mayoritas Penduduknya Muslim
Authors: Bistara Raha
Published: July 2021

The debate about the democratic system in Islamic State has not ended. This is because there are Muslim groups that are inclusive in nature who do not want to accept all teachings or conceptions that come from the West, especially regarding the democratic system. This group is known as an Islamist group that applies the principles of formalization of sharia. However, in another spectrum there are Muslim groups who openly accept the democratic system originating from the West. Because for them the democratic and Islamic System are mutually compatible, there is no conflict. By using the library research method, this research wants to find answers to the confusion regarding the existing government system in an Islamic country or a country with a Muslim majority population. Because this government system is important in not changing the Islamic state. Changes that can compete with other countries in the West, which until now have not been able to stand side by side with Islamic countries regarding a good and well-ordered political system.
Amnesti Umum Nabi Muhammad SAW pada Peristiwa Fathu mekkah
Authors: Amin M. Yakub
Published: July 2021

Fathu Makkah is a historical record of the glory of the Prophet Muhammad who proved the conquest without blood. Fathu Mecca is an authentic proof that general forgiveness or amnesty can be given to the people despite how wrong they were in the past. General Amnesty at the time of Fathu Mecca was proven when not a single blood was shed and unconditional forgiveness was given by the Prophet. The current general amnesty carried out by the international community is no more than a political decision wrapped in rhetoric of peace and humanity. Meanwhile, the Prophet's decision to amnesty was purely due to his humanity and love for peace. There are several points that can be studied at the Fathu Makkah amnesty, namely: Peace Diplomacy Before the Fathu Mecca Incident, Unconditional Forgiveness, Amnesty Fathu Makkah is Better than Amnesty International that Has Been There, The Humanism Attitude of the Prophet in the Fathu Mecca Amnesty
Negara Ideal dalam Pemikiran Fundamentalis Islam
Authors: Sukri Mhd Alfahjri
Published: July 2021

This research aims to explain the problem of Islamic fundamentalism and analyze the thoughts of Islamic fundamentalist figures, namely Abul A'la Al-Maududi, Hasan Al-Banna, and Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani about the ideal state. Qualitative methods are used in this research with data obtained through books, journals, scientific articles, and other related sources. The results showed that the ideal country according to the thoughts of Abul A'la Al-Maududi, Hasan Al-Banna, and Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani is a country based on Islam. These figures made Rasulullah when he founded the state of Medina until the time of Khulafaur Rasyidin as the reference for the ideal state. Because for them, at that time Islam was used as the main reference and foundation of life and could solve all problems, including problems in living as a state. These figures also reject the separation between religion and state (secularism), and agree to make sovereignty in God's hands. According to them, religion has an important role in the state. In addition, they also placed Ahlul Halli wal Aqdi  as an important part of an Islamic state.

This research aims to explain the problem of Islamic fundamentalism and analyze the thoughts of Islamic fundamentalist figures, namely Abul A'la Al-Maududi, Hasan Al-Banna, and Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani about the ideal state. Qualitative methods are used in this research with data obtained through books, journals, scientific articles, and other related sources. The results showed that the ideal country according to the thoughts of Abul A'la Al-Maududi, Hasan Al-Banna, and Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani is a country based on Islam. These figures made Rasulullah when he founded the state of Medina until the time of Khulafaur Rasyidin as the reference for the ideal state. Because for them, at that time Islam was used as the main reference and foundation of life and could solve all problems, including problems in living as a state. These figures also reject the separation between religion and state (secularism), and agree to make sovereignty in God's hands. According to them, religion has an important role in the state. In addition, they also placed Ahlul Halli wal Aqdi  as an important part of an Islamic state.
Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB)
Authors: Chapman Ray , Luong Phu , Kim Sung-Chan , Hayter Earl
Published: July 2021

The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
КОНТРОЛЛИНГ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Authors: ТЕЛЕГИН В.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена развитию системы контроллинга на промышленных предприятиях.
В ней представлены различные концептуальные представления о контроллинге, с анализом их достоинств и недостатков.
Также автором рассмотрены концептуальные аспекты стратегического и текущего планирования организационных процессов в системе контроллинга, сделан анализ компонентов системы контроллинга на промышленном предприятии, предложен перечень показателей, который необходимо использовать в
системе контроллинга промышленных предприятий.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТРУДОВАЯ МИГРАЦИЯ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ И ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ И ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Authors: КУЗЬМИЦКАЯ Т. , ШАХОТЬКО Л.
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрена специфика социально-экономического и демографического развития Республики Беларусь на современном этапе. Установлено, что в сложившихся условиях возрастает роль международной трудовой миграции, а значит, усиливается актуальность выработки адекватной миграционной политики. Проведен анализ международной трудовой миграции в Республике Беларусь, дана оценка ее масштабов и предложены направления совершенствования миграционной политики.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ НРАВСТВЕННОГО ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: БАЙНЁВ В.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена проблемам нравственной оценки экономических систем. Показано, что целевым критерием их функционирования должна быть не прибыль для избранных, а расширенное воспроизводство нации, подразумевающее развитие человека и общества в целом.
DUAL EDUCATION IN THE SPHERE ОF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Zhalezka B. , Siniauskaya V.
Published: July 2021

This paper is devoted to the consideration of one of the innovative direction in higher education – dual education, which is especially acceptable in the sphere of automotive industry higher education. Role of the automotive industry enterprises in the educational process of technical higher education institutions is revealed. Examples of the dual education best practices in Germany and Ukraine are shown. Perspectives of dual education development in the Republic of Belarus are investigated, the experience of its elements using in different Belarusian higher educational establishments is shown. Possibility of dual education implementation in Belarusian National Technical University is substantiated, including their realization within international educational projects.
Nuclear membrane-tethered FRAP method for measuring protein complex off-rates in live cells
Authors: Pack Lindsey R. , Daigh Leighton H. , Chung Mingyu , Meyer Tobias
Published: July 2021

Understanding the stability or binding affinity of protein complex members is important for understanding their regulation and roles in cells. While there are many biochemical methods to measure protein-protein interactions in vitro, these methods often rely on the ability to robustly purify components individually. Moreover, few methods have been developed to study protein complexes within live cells. Binding parameters for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes have been challenging to measure due to difficulty expressing and purifying CDKs separately from activating cyclins. Here, we develop a method to measure off-rates of protein complex components in live-cells. Our method relies on the stable tethering of CDK to the inner nuclear membrane (Figure 1), and the utilization of FRAP to measure the off-rate of soluble, fluorescently-tagged CDK binding proteins. We use this method to study dimeric CDK complexes, measuring the off-rates of cyclins or INK4 CDK inhibitor p16 from CDKs, and trimeric CDK complexes, measuring the off-rate of cyclins and CIP/KIP CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 when bound together.
Involvement of Mucosal Flora and Enterochromaffin Cell of Cecum and Descending Colon in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Yang Jingze , Wang Peng , Liu Tong , Lin Lin , Li Lixiang , Kou Guanjun , Zhou Ruchen , Li Pan , li yanqing
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe comparison between microbiota of cecal and colonic mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was rarely studied. In addition, enterochromafﬁn (EC) cell had interaction with IBS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among gut microbiota, EC cell and diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) symptoms in cecum and descending colon. ResultsTotal of 22 IBS-D patients and 22 health controls (HCs) were enrolled. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group (4.91% vs. 2.20%, P = 0.04763) of cecum increased in IBS-D, while Raoultella (1.58% vs. 1.76%, P = 0.03117) and Fusobacterium (0.12% vs. 1.66%, P = 0.01892) were less abundant. In descending colon, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_torques_group (5.94% vs. 2.29%, P = 0.04183) and Dorea (2.68% vs. 1.14%, P = 0.04962) of IBS-D increased but Fusobacterium (1.52% vs. 1.89%, P = 0.0345) decreased. EC cells number in cecum of IBS-D was higher than that in HCs and TPH1 level of IBS-D was higher than that of HCs in cecum and descending colon. Correlation analysis showed that Ruminococcus_torques_group were positively associated with HAM-A (r= 0.66, P = 0.004), HAM-D (r= 0.61, P = 0.009), EC cell number (r= 0.49, P = 0.047), IBS-SSS (r= 0.65, P = 0.004), Degree of Abdominal Pain (r = 0.63, P = 0.007), Frequency of Abdominal Pain (r = 0.63, P = 0.007), Frequency of Defecation (r = 0.60, P = 0.011). The abundance of Dorea were positively associated with EC cell number (r = 0.57, P = 0.018), IBS-SSS (r = 0.52, P = 0.034), HAM-A (r = 0.72, P = 0.001), HAM-D (r = 0.59, P = 0.012), Frequency of Abdominal Pain (r = 0.67, P = 0.003).ConclusionsEC cells number increased in IBS-D patients and the expression of TPH1 was higher than HCs. In addition, our results suggested Ruminococcus_torques_group and Dorea may be targets for treatment of IBS-D but still need further studies.
Anthropogenic Influence on Long-Term Surface Air Temperature Trends: Attribution of Temperature Changes Across East Asia
Authors: Allabakash S. , Lim S.
Published: July 2021

Climate change is an ongoing process impacting ecosystem functions and human health; East Asia (EA) is one of the most vulnerable regions being influenced by such changes. This study examines the long-term variability of surface air temperatures (SATs) across EA using the new Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets. Historical simulations (20th century) and future (21st century) SAT projections were investigated based on multi-model ensemble simulations. We also demonstrate the contribution of external and natural (NAT) forcings to SAT change. This study mainly focuses the effect of anthropogenic forcings (ANT) on EA climate for a long period (1850-2100). Our simulations show that SAT in EA increased by 0.031 °C/decade during the period 1850–2014 owing to combined ANT and NAT (‘ALL=ANT+NAT’) forcings, while an increase of 0.08 °C/decade can be attributed to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The ANT forcing rapidly increased after the third industrial revolution (after 1969). Consequently, SAT change accelerated to 0.255 °C/decade and 0.268 °C/decade owing to ALL and GHG forcings, respectively. Human-induced GHG emissions and land use were the dominant factors driving SAT warming during the study period, and will contribute to substantial future warming trends. Furthermore, optimal fingerprinting method demonstrates the significance of ANT influences on climate change in EA. ANT forcing was clearly detected and distinct from NAT forcing in a two-signal analysis. In a three-signal analysis, GHG was clearly detected for EA region in separation from ANT and NAT influences. The shared socioeconomic pathway emission scenarios (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5) showed future projections (warming trends) from 2015–2100. This analysis suggests that climate change could be mitigated by restricting anthropogenic factors (especially GHG) and land use/activities in EA.
Multifaceted Phytogenic Silver Nanoparticles by a Rare Insectivorous Plant Drosera Spatulata Labill Var.bakoensis and its Enhanced Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal and in Vitro Cytotoxic Studies
Authors: Gaddam Susmila Aparna , Kotakadi Venkata Subbaiah , Kalavakunta Gunasekhar. , Penchalaneni Josthna , Challagundla Varadarajulu Naidu , DVR Sai Gopal , Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao
Published: July 2021

The current investigation highlights the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the insectivorous plant Drosera spatulata Labill var.bakoensis, which is the first of its kind. The biosynthesized nanoparticles revealed a UV visible surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 427 nm. The natural phytoconstituents which reduce the monovalent silver were identified by FTIR. The particle size of the Ds-AgNPs was detected by the Nanoparticle size analyzer confirms that the average size of nanoparticles was around 23 ± 2 nm. Ds-AgNPs exhibit high stability because of their high negative zeta potential (-34.1 mV). AFM studies also revealed that the Ds-AgNPs were spherical in shape and average size ranges from 10 to 20 ± 5 nm. TEM analysis also revealed that the average size of Ds-AgNPs was also around 21 ± 4 nm and the shape is roughly spherical and well dispersed. The crystal nature of Ds-AgNPs was detected as a face-centered cube by the XRD analysis. Furthermore, studies on antibacterial and antifungal activities manifested outstanding antimicrobial activities of Ds-AgNPs compared with standard antibiotic Amoxyclav. In addition, demonstration of superior free radical scavenging efficacy coupled with potential in vitro cytotoxic significance on Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) suggests that the Ds-AgNPs attain excellent multifunctional therapeutic applications.
Neuroprotective Role of Camel α-Lactalbumin Via Regulating SIRT1/FOXO3a Pathway Against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Ubaid Saba , Pandey Shivani , Akhtar Mohd. Sohail , Rumman Mohammad , Singh Babita , Mahdi Abbas Ali
Published: July 2021

Camel milk is rich in nutritional factors, such as α- Lactalbumin, and important for brain development. It is known to act as a potential therapeutic candidate for brain disorder via regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Mechanisms that are critically involved with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and the aberrated ubiquitin-proteasome system. Adverse effects of current therapies are imposing the need for the development of natural neuroprotective agents that are very effective and have fewer or no side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential activity of camel α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) in rotenone induced in-vitro PD model. In this study, we hypothesized the use of camel α-lactalbumin as an effective curative agent for PD. The mechanism of action of camel α-lactalbumin was investigated by assessing the effect of α-LA on the level of nitric oxide, NADH, MMP9, inflammatory markers, and on the expression level of SIRT1 and FOXO3a in SH-SY5Y cell line. Overall, the results revealed the potent neuroprotective efficacy of α-Lactalbumin in rotenone-induced PD model via effectively modulating apoptotic pathways, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory cascades. Conclusively, these findings confirmed that α-LA could be a biologically effective protective agent against rotenone induced neurotoxic impacts and neurobehavioral aberrations.
Design of Smart Light Source based on Bi-color LED with Single Duty Cycle for Correlated Color Temperature Adjustment
Authors: Qiao Lingyuan , Zhang Huanyue , Yu Jingjie , Cao Fan , Gao Yingming
Published: July 2021

Color-adjustable light sources facilitate both mood lighting and daylight harvesting. A single duty cycle can be used by a bi-color LED to adjust the correlated color temperature by associating it with the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation dimming signal of the cold and warm light sources. The one-to-one mapping relationship between the single duty cycle and the correlated color temperature is based on the color mixing theory of bi-color LEDs. A method to correlate the dimming signals for cold and warm LEDs is presented. The influence of the time characteristics of the two basic signals on dimming and color temperature adjustment is analyzed. The dimming system of bi-color LEDs is designed, and the method used to adjust the correlated color temperature with a single duty cycle is verified. The experiment showed that the correlated color temperature can be accurately adjusted by the proposed method.
Comparison Of Algorithms For Agave Detection On Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images
Authors: Escobar-Flores Jonathan Gabriel , Sandoval Sarahi , Gámiz-Romero Eduardo
Published: July 2021

In this study, six supervised classification algorithms were compared. The algorithms were based on cluster analysis, distance, deep learning and object-based image analysis. Our objective was to determine which of these algorithms has the highest overall accuracy in both detection and automated estimation of agave cover in a given area to help growers manage their plantations. An orthomosaic with a spatial resolution of 2.5 cm was derived from 300 images obtained with a DJI Inspire 1 unmanned aerial system. Two training classes were defined: 1) sites where the presence of agaves was identified, 2) “absence”; where there were no agaves but other plants were present. The object-oriented algorithm was found to have the highest overall accuracy (0.963), followed by the support-vector machine with 0.928 accuracy and the neural network with 0.914. The algorithms with statistical criteria for classification were the least accurate; Mahalanobis distance = 0.752 accuracy and minimum distance = 0.421. We recommend that agave plantation managers use drones for their efficiency and speed. We further recommend that the object-oriented algorithm be used, because in addition to having the highest overall accuracy for the image segmentation process, it yields parameters that are useful for estimating the coverage area, size, and shapes, which can aid in better selection of agave individuals for harvest.
Analysis of Nutrient Intakes And Food Sources of Selected Breastfeeding Mothers In Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Agdeppa Imelda , Custodio Ma. Rosel , Tanda Keith
Published: July 2021

Background: This study evaluated the food and nutrient intakes of breastfeeding mothers and identified the top food sources for their nutrient intakes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational, non-interventional study conducted in one of the private medical centers in Metro Manila, Philippines. Participants: The sample size included 70 mothers of healthy, term, exclusively breastfed infants aged 21-26 days at enrollment. Quantitative dietary data was collected by a 3-day non-consecutive dietary diary for each visit during the clinic hours. Mean food intakes were calculated. A software known as PC-SIDE program or PC-Software for Intake Distribution Estimation was used in the estimation of inadequate intakes. Results: The mean energy intake of breastfeeding mothers was 2516.7 kcal/day, which was 28.6% higher than the EER of 1957 kcal/day. Protein intake was inadequate (37%) while fat intake was excessive by 4%. Nutrient inadequacy is high for almost all nutrients: iron (99%), folate (96%), riboflavin (39%), vitamin B6 (63%), vitamin B12 (46%) and thiamine (22%). The top 5-food sources with highest percent contribution to energy are rice (43.1%), bread (8.1%), pork (7.7%), powdered milk (5.9%), and sweet bakery products (5%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of protein and micronutrient inadequacies in the diet of breastfeeding mothers, which may be explained by the low variety and nutrient-poor foods consumed by the mothers. Understanding the dietary patterns and nutrient gaps of breastfeeding mothers may help target appropriate nutritional and behavioral interventions to improve their nutritional status, and also ensure adequate levels of nutrients in their milk for the growth and development of infants.
Amyloid precursor protein localises to ependymal cilia in vertebrates and is required for ciliogenesis and brain development in zebrafish
Authors: Chebli Jasmine , Rahmati Maryam , Lashley Tammaryn , Edeman Brigitta , Oldfors Anders , Zetterberg Henrik , Abramsson Alexandra
Published: July 2021

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is ubiquitously expressed in human, mice and in zebrafish. In zebrafish, there are two orthologues, Appa and Appb. Interestingly, some cellular processes associated with APP overlap with cilia-mediated functions. Whereas the localization of APP to primary cilia of in vitro-cultured cells has been reported, we addressed the presence of APP in motile and in non-motile sensory cilia and its potential implication for ciliogenesis using zebrafish, mouse, and human samples. We report that Appa and Appb are expressed by ciliated cells and become localized at the membrane of cilia in the olfactory epithelium, otic vesicle and in the brain ventricles of zebrafish embryos. App in ependymal cilia persisted in adult zebrafish and was also detected in mouse and human brain. Finally, we found morphologically abnormal ependymal cilia and smaller brain ventricles in appa-/-appb-/- mutant zebrafish. Our findings demonstrate an evolutionary conserved localisation of APP to cilia and suggest a role of App in ciliogenesis and cilia-related functions.
Optimization of Nutrient Parameters Influencing Oil Palm Seedling Growth in Soil Amended with Fly Ash and Sludge
Authors: Okuo James , Osa-Iguehide Iyayi , Anegbe Bala , Bolanle Babalola
Published: July 2021

The efficient use of organic fertilisers as a source of nutrient has been a concern in the world oilpalm production. The large amount of Palm Oil Mill Sludge (POMS) and Fly Ash (FA) produced in palm oil industries can effectively be utilized as organic fertilizers and so minimize the amount of waste dispose to the environment. This study is aimed at optimizing the nutrient parameters influencing oil palm seedling growth in soil amended with FA and POMS. The nutrient parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization results showed that an increase in the mass of FA and a decrease in the mass of POMS result in a decrease in the growth response of the oil palm seedlings. The responses were best with increase in the mass of POMS and a decrease in the mass of FA. Therefore an indirect relationship exists between the masses of FA and POMS. An empirical quadratic polynomial model was developed to relate the interaction of the POMS and FA. The strong linear correlation between the observed and predicted responses showed that the model reasonably predicted the process using a quadratic polynomial. The maximum plant height of 70.4 cm at 15 % soil amendment was obtained at a mass of 1.46 kg FA and 8.54 kg POMS for the 180 days planting period. Results from this study showed that co application of FA and POMS can be very effective at a maximum of 14.6 % FA and minimum of 85.4 % POMS by mass.
Comparison of the Genetic Structure of Rheumatoid Arthritis Between European and Asian Population
Authors: Li Chun'e , Chu Xiaomeng , Cheng Shiqiang , Wen Yan , Pan Chuyu , Zhang Huijie , Chen Yujing , Zhang Jingxi , Zhang Zhen , Yang Xuena , Meng Peilin , Jia Yumeng , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases that primarily influences the joints, and its prevalence is 0.5-1.0%. Previous studies have shown that there are differences in the genetic structure of RA between European and Asian populations, and most of the studies have been conducted using meta-analysis. This study analyzed the genetic structure of rheumatoid arthritis in European and Asian populations using a new method. Methods: The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) summary statistics of RA from Europe (N=8383) and Asia (N=19190) were derived from an article published in Nature. First, the GWAS data was divided into 1368 blocks, in which SNPs were approximately independent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Second, we calculated the LD matrix of SNP in each block by using PLINK 1.9. Then, PESCA analysis was performed to detect population-specific/shared risk genes of RA. Finally, Metascape platform was used to perform gene set enrichment analysis. Results: In European population, we found multiple genes which were associated with RA, including HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1 (rs2856822, PTP=1.000), MICA (rs2844518, PTP=1.000). In Asian population, C6orf10 (rs3129915, PTP=1.000), PTPN2 (rs2847288, PTP=0.995), were significant related to RA. The population-shared genes included PADI2 (rs2235920, PTP=1.000), STAT4 (rs12612769, PTP=1.000). Furthermore, gene sets enrichment analysis reported population-specific/shared pathway terms, such as interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway (P=2.884×10-9), negative regulation of innate immune response (P=1.841×10-7), protein-arginine deiminase activity (P=7.047×10-8). Conclusions: The results of our study indicate differences in risk loci between Asian and European populations, which provided clues for exploring the population-specific/shared genetics and pathogenesis of RA.
Enhanced Stripe Rust Resistance Obtained by Combining A Widely Dispersed, Stable QTL with Yr30 on Chromosome Arms 4BL And 3BS
Authors: Liu Shengjie , Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Yayun , Jin Yangang , Xia Zhonghua , Xiang Mingjie , Huang Shuo , Qiao Linyi , Zheng Weijun , Zeng Qingdong , Wang Qilin , Yu Rui , Singh Ravi P. , Bhavani Sridhar , Kang Zhensheng , Han Dejun , Wang Changfa , Wu Jianhui
Published: July 2021

Cultivars with durable resistance are the most popular means to control wheat stripe rust. Durable resistance can be achieved by stacking multiple adult-plant resistance (APR) genes that individually have relatively smaller effect. Chinese wheat cultivars Ruihua 520 (RH520) and Fengdecun 12 (FDC12) confer partial APR to stripe rust across environments. One hundred and seventy recombinant inbred lines from the cross RH520 × FDC12 were used to determine the genetic basis of resistance and identify genomic regions associated with stripe rust resistance. Genotyping was carried out using 55K SNP array and eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected on chromosomes 2AL, 2DS, 3BS, 4BL, 5BL (2) and 7BL (2) by inclusive composite interval mapping. Only QYr.nwafu-3BS from RH520 and QYr.nwafu-4BL.2 (named YrFDC12 for convenience) from FDC12 were stable across the four testing environments. QYr.nwafu-3BS is likely the pleiotropic resistance gene Sr2/Yr30. YrFDC12 was mapped in a 2.1 cM interval corresponding to 12 Mb and flanked by SNP markers AX-111121224 and AX-89518393. Lines harboring both Yr30 and YrFDC12 displayed higher resistance than the parents and expressed pseudo-black chaff (PBC) controlled by two loci Pbc1 and PbcFDC12, which were co-located with Yr30 and YrFDC12, respectively. Both marker-based and pedigree-based kinship analyses revealed that YrFDC12 was inherited from founder parent Zhou 8425B. Fifty-four other wheat cultivars shared the same haplotype of YrFDC12 region. These results suggest an effective pyramiding strategy to acquire highly effective, durable stripe rust resistance in breeding.
Temporal And Spatial Changes In Cerebral Blood Flow In Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Subtraction Brain Spect Study.
Authors: Trevisan Ana Carolina , Alexandre-Santos Leonardo , Luppino-Assad Rodrigo , Itikawa Emerson Nobuyuki , Pitella Felipe Arriva , Kato Mery , Silvah José Henrique , Santos Antonio Carlos , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Wichert-Ana Lauro
Published: July 2021

This study was addressed to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Our objective was to correlate the subtracted SPECT coregistered to MRI features (SISCOM) with demographic, clinical and laboratory findings to shed light upon the pathophysiological evolution of the NPSLE. Twenty-six NPSLE patients with MRI and pre and post-treatment brain SPECT with [99mTc]Tc-ECD. SISCOM features were categorized as improvement,worsening, activation and/or deactivation of rCBF findings. Patients mean age of 43.19 years and 65.38% white were evaluated. The patients mean age at onset of SLE was 26.05 and 42.29 for NPSLE. The mean time between the onset of SLE and first NPSLE symptoms was 5.57 years. The disease has already been initiated as NPSLE in 4 patients. The SLEDAI average score was 31.69 and the SLICC/ACR-DI score was 6.96. The patients underwent an average of 9.23 cyclophosphamide. The SISCOM findings showed functional and pathological states on different brain regions. The rCBF changes were not associated with index scores. There was, however, a trend towards an association between lower SLEDAI scores with improvement and higher SLEDAI with worsening in SISCOM. Also, a trend of association between lower SLICC score with improvement, and higher SLICC with worsening. The female gender was predictive of activation and worsening, separately, and deactivation and worsening in a set. Non-white patients were predictive of worsening. The seizure was predictive of deactivation separately, and deactivation and worsening in a set. Finally, normal C3 was a predictor of improvement. The present study showed dynamic brain changes in NPSLE patients. SISCOM technique showed improved rCBF in some brain areas, and worsening, activation and deactivation in anothers. There were associations between rCBF changes and gender, skin colour and complement C3, and association trends with SLEDAI and SLICC scores.
Perception of Medical Students Towards COVID-19 Outbreak and Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia and Impact on Education
Authors: Sababathy Mogesh , Kalok Aida Hani Mohd , Hafizz Abdul Muzhill Hannaan Abdul , Sharip Shalisah , Zainud Zulkifli Md , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir
Published: July 2021

Background: A Movement Control Order (MCO) was imposed as a control measure to curb the spread of COVID-19 virus in Malaysia, eventually led to the closing of all public premises including educational institutions nationwide. The purpose of this study is to offer an understanding of undergraduate medical students’ perception towards the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of MCO and their impacts on education. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 772 medical students over 2 weeks in September 2020 through an online self-reported survey. Results: In total, 80% of the participants were aware about the COVID-19 outbreak ranging from the modes of transmission, global and local scenario of the pandemic, its seriousness and measures to break the chain of transmission. Conclusions: Majority of them agreed on the implementation of MCO in the country, however it’s reported to have caused psychological and physical distress in various degrees. The present finding also provides evidence of a high prevalence of anxiety and worriness in regard to the teaching and learning process during the MCO and agreed that online teaching is not as effective as face-to-face teaching.
Decreased Expression of T-Cell-Associated Immune Markers Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Follicular Lymphoma Received Rituximab Plus Bendamustine
Authors: Rai Shinya , Inoue Hiroaki , Sakai Kazuko , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Maeda Yasuhiro , Haeno Takahiro , Watatani Yosaku , Kumode Takahiro , Serizawa Kentarou , Taniguchi Yasuhiro , Hirase Chikara , Espinoza J. Luis , Morita Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Hirokazu , Ashida Takashi , Tatsumi Yoichi , Nishio Kazuto , Matsumura Itaru
Published: July 2021

Background: Several clinical risk stratification models have been proposed to predict the clinical outcomes of follicular lymphoma (FL) cases, however, few reports are available to predict prognosis of FL cases receiving bendamustine-based regimens. We previously examined the utility of rituximab-bendamustine (RB) treatment for newly diagnosed advanced FL, who showed non-optimal responses to two cycles of R-CHOP therapy. Methods: In this study, we explored the biomarkers that could influence outcomes for the RB-treated FL cases in the context of the prospective cohort by target capture and sanger sequencing, and gene-expression profiling analyses using 50 diagnostic biopsies.Results: We first examined the mutational status of 410 genes in tumor specimens derived from RB-treated cases. As reported before, CREBBP, KMT2D, MEF2B, BCL2, EZH2, CARD11, TNFRSF14, EP300, and APC were recurrently mutated, however, none of which was predictive for progression-free survival (PFS) in RB-treated cases. Similarly, the m7-FLIPI did not correlate with PFS or progression of disease within 24 months (POD24). A gene expression analysis using a panel of 770 genes associated with carcinogenesis and/or immune response showed that the expression of CD8+ T-cell markers (GZMM, FLT3LG, CD8A, CD8B, GZMK) and half of the genes regulating Th1 and Th2 responses were significantly lower in the POD24 group than in the noPOD24 group. Finally, we selected 10 genes (TBX21, CXCR3, CCR4, CD8A, CD8B, GZMM, FLT3LG, CD3E, EOMES, GZMK), and dichotomized RB-treated cases into immune infiltrationhigh (infilhigh) and infiltrationlow (infillow) clusters. The 3-years PFS rate was lower in the infillow cluster than in the infilhigh cluster (50.0% [95% CI: 27.1–69.2%] vs. 84.2% [95% CI: 58.7–94.6%], p=0.0237). Of note, the proportion of cases with peripheral lymphopenia (<869/mL) at diagnosis was higher in the infillow cluster than in the infilhigh cluster (38.5% vs. 9.09%, OR: 6.25 [95%CI, 1.20-32.7], p=0.0235). Conclusion: These results suggest that the T-cell-associated immune markers could be useful to predict prognosis in RB-treated FL cases.Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered in UMIN on April. 24, 2014 (UMIN000013795; http://www.umin.ac.jp/icdr/index-j.html).
Impact of Different Modules of 21-Gene Assay in Early Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Liu Deyue , Chen Weilin , Chen Weiguo , Shen Kunwei , Wu Jiayi , Zhu Li
Published: July 2021

Background: Young patients were under-evaluated in the construction and validation of the 21-gene Assay Recurrence Score (RS). Previous evidence suggested that RS performed differently according the ages of patients. Our study aimed to explore the molecular driving patterns in patients of different ages.Methods: A total of 1,078 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients between Jan 2009 and Mar 2017 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University Breast Cancer Data Base were divided into three subgroups: Group A, ≤40y and premenopausal (n=97); Group B, >40y and premenopausal (n=284); Group C, postmenopausal (n=697). The correlation of RS and its modules and the variance of RS modules was explored.Results: Estrogen module had a stronger correlation with RS in patients >40y (ρ = -0.76 in Group B and -0.79 in Group C) compared with patients ≤40y (ρ = -0.64). Contrarily, the correlation between RS and invasion group was weaker in patients >40y (ρ = 0.29 in Group B and 0.25 in Group C) than in patients ≤40y (ρ = 0.44). The proliferation module contributed most to the variance in young patients (37.3%) while ER module contributed most in old patients (54.1% in Group B and 53.4% in Group C). For RS >25, proliferation module was the leading driver in all three subgroups (ρ = 0.38, 0.53 and 0.52 in Group A, B and C) while estrogen module had a weaker association with RS. The negative impact of ER related features on RS was stronger in clinical low-risk patients while the positive effect of proliferation module was stronger in clinical high-risk patients.Conclusions: RS was primarily driven by estrogen module in patients regardless of age, but the proliferation module had a stronger impact on RS in patients ≤40y than in those >40y. The impact of modules varied in patients with different genetic and clinical risk.
Uncertainty Analysis of Quasi-Zero Stiffness Air Suspension based on Polynomial Chaos Method
Authors: Xu Xing , Liu Huan , Jiang Xinwei , Atindana Akolbire Vincent
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the vibration isolation performance of suspensions, various new structural forms of suspensions have been proposed. In this paper, a quasi-zero stiffness isolator is used in automotive suspensions to form a new suspension-quasi-zero stiffness air suspension(QZSAS).Due to the strong nonlinearity and structural complexity of quasi-zero stiffness suspensions, changes in structural parameters may cause dramatic changes in suspension performance, so it is of practical importance to study the effect of structural parameter uncertainty on the performance of such suspensions. In order to solve this problem, three suspension structural parameters d0,L0,Pc0 are selected as random variables in this paper, and the polynomial chaos expansion(PCE) theory is used to solve the suspension performance parameters such as body acceleration, suspension dynamic deflection, and wheel relative dynamic load response under different excitation. The sensitivity of the performance parameters to different structural parameters was discussed and analysed in the frequency domain. This paper verifies the feasibility of the PCE method for solving the uncertainty problem of complex nonlinear systems, and the research in this paper can provide a reference for the future structural design and optimization of such suspension systems.
Contribution of Trem2 Signaling to the Development of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy by Mediating Microglial Polarization in Mice
Authors: Chen Xin , Le Yue , He Wan-you , He Jian , Wang Yun-hua , Zhang Lei , Xiong Qing-ming , Zheng Xue-qin , Wang Han-bing
Published: July 2021

Background

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common and intractable complication of diabetes mellitus, with little effective treatment. PDN has been associated with spinal neuroinflammation characterized by microglial activation. Recently, the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), specifically localized on microglia, has been identified as a vital factor in modulating neuroinflammation and microglial phenotypes in neural diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that spinal TREM2 might contribute to PDN and neuroinflammation by regulating microglial activity and phenotypes.
Methods

Type I diabetes mellitus was elicited by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. The pain behaviors were reflected by paw mechanical withdrawal thresholds (PMWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (PTWL).
Results

We demonstrated that up-regulation of microglial TREM2 and amplification of both microglial M1 and M2 response was along with the presence of diabetes-related mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity. Moreover, we found that overexpression of TREM2 in microglia aggravated the symptom of PDN, amplified microglia M1 response, and suppressed microglia M2 polarization in the lumbar spinal cord of diabetic mice. However, inhibition of TREM2 with anti-TREM2 neutralizing antibodies attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic mice. Besides, we identified Galectin-3 (GLT-3) as the potential ligand of the TREM2 receptor in facilitating the progression of PDN.
Conclusions

TREM2 could be a critical microglial membrane molecule that modulates microglial phenotypes pain hypersensitivity in PDN. GLT-3 might act as a specific ligand to trigger TREM2 signaling in PDN or other neuropathic pain.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease with Associated IgG4-Related Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Enayat Javad , Fallahi Mazdak , Mesdaghi Mehrnaz , Sadr Saeid , Aghdam Maryam Kazemi , Parvizi Maryam , Ahmadizadeh Seyyedeh Narjes , Khalili Mitra , Tabatabaeimehr Seyed Yasin , Faranoush Mohammad , Jamee Mahnaz , Chavoshzadeh Zahra
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) may initially present with pulmonary pseudotumor, making the diagnosis challenging particularly in patients prone to granulomatous inflammation. Here, we describe the first case of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) with associated IgG4RD.Case presentationAn 8.5-year-old male was hospitalized two years ago with exertional dyspnea, mild cough, chest pain, and nocturnal sweating and was found to have a tumor-like mass in the right lung. The histopathologic findings were consistent with non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, central neutrophilic micro-abscess, and extensive peripheral fibrosis without any evidence for acid-fast bacilli or fungal elements. Treatment with prednisolone resulted in considerable symptom resolution. After 15 months, following the discontinuation of prednisolone by the patient, symptoms recurred, gradually exacerbated, and he developed anorexia and weight loss. The next chest spiral computed tomography (CT) scan showed a larger mass in the right lung, right lung collapse, and mediastinal metastasis. The abdominal ultrasound and CT scan were normal. In laboratory evaluation, low counts of B and T cells, normal natural killer (NK) cells, high levels of IgG4, and high inflammatory markers were detected. The nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) test was zero in two consecutive evaluations. In virtue of high IgG4 level, the immunostaining of lung specimen was performed which was inconclusive for IgG4+cells, and staining for CD138 was not available. He was diagnosed with concurrent CGD and IgG4RD, but progressed to respiratory failure and died despite the reinstitution of steroid therapy.ConclusionsThe overlap between inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and IgG4RD is not common. Further studies to investigate IgG subsets among IEI patients can help elucidate clinicopathological correlations between these two immune-mediated disorders.