bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onychomycosis in Psoriatic Patients with Nail Disorders: Aetiological Agents and Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Praeiro Alves Núbia Carvalho Pena de Oliveira , Moreira Tomaz de Aquino , Malvino Lucivânia Duarte Silva , Rodrigues José Joaquim , Ranza Roberto , Araújo Lúcio Borges de , Pedroso Reginaldo dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are chronic, relapsing, immune-based diseases. Psoriatic patients may have nail involvement in 50 to 80% of cases, and this may reach 85% in patients with joint disease, in spite of the fact that the relationship between psoriasis and onychomycosis is not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of onychomycosis in patients with nail disorders and diagnosis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. This was a cross-sectional study in which 38 patients diagnosed with psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis were interviewed and had altered nail samples analysed by mycological and histopathological exams. Twenty-two (57.89%) patients had a confirmed diagnosis for onychomycosis. Seventeen (44.8%) had a positive direct mycological examination, 16 (42.1%) had positive cultures, and 12 (31.6%) were positive for fungi by histopathological examination. Dermatophytes were identified in nine (56.3%) cultures, and of these, eight were Trichophyton rubrum and one T. tonsurans. Yeasts were isolated in seven patients (43.75%), which included four Candida parapsilosis and three C. albicans. Six patients (15.78%) were not using immunosuppressive therapy, and the others were using methotrexate, etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, secukinumab, or golimumab, in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. The confirmed onychomycosis rate in patients using methotrexate alone was 92.8% (n = 13). We concluded that it is possible that there is a positive relationship between psoriatic disease and onychomycosis. And we highlight that it is also worth investigating in the future the possible role of immunosuppressive therapy (mainly methotrexate) as a predisposing factor for the development of fungal infections in psoriatic patients.
A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of Richtersiidae Kreis, 1929 (Desmodorida: Desmodoroidea), with two new species of intertidal nematodes from the Persian Gulf
Authors: Gharahkhani Azadeh , Pourjam Ebrahim , Leduc Daniel , Pedram Majid
Published: May 2020

Synonchium iranicum sp. n. and Richtersia bispinata sp. n. are described from the Persian Gulf and their relationships investigated using SSU phylogenetic analyses. Synonchium iranicum sp. n. is characterised by a buccal cavity with three equally sized mandibles, each with five small teeth, a rounded tail with three distinct caudal glands and distinct duct, males without gubernaculum and supplements, and short spicules. Richtersia bispinata sp. n. is characterised by multispiral amphids with 3.0-3.5 turns in males and 2.0-2.5 turns in females, cuticle with numerous, irregularly arranged, simple spines in the cervical region, 20-25 longitudinal rows of double spines in the mid-body region, 15-25 longitudinal rows of simple spines in the tail region, and the left spicule markedly longer than the right one. We provided the first near-full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for both newly described species, as well as cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), and provided D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequence for the new species of Richtersia. Our SSU phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of Synonchium iranicum sp. n. within the Selachinematidae, and suggested that the selachinematids may form a distinct clade from other chromadorids Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that Richtersia should not be classified within the Selachinematidae as suggested by some authors. Instead, we propose that Richtersia should be placed within the Desmodorida. Although Richtersia differs from Desmodorida in the arrangement of cephalic sensilla, it shares the golden body colouration characteristic of desmodorids in glycerin preparations, the same structure of genital branches in both males and females, and similar cuticular ornamentation to some desmodorid genera (notably Desmodorella).
Non-State Security Groups and Their Role in Countering Boko Haram Terrorism in North East Region of Nigeria
Authors: Momodu Jude A.
Published: May 2020

Non state security groups (NSSGs) have become prominent in contemporary theatres of armed conflicts around the world whether for good or bad. In the North East Region of Nigeria for instance, NSSGs such as vigilantes, hunters and civilian joint task force have given a very good account of themselves in countering the violent activities of Boko Haram terrorists. This article makes a major contribution to the contemporary research works on the role of NSSGs in countering the Boko Haram terrorism as it examines their role, successes and the threats they pose to the ongoing efforts at countering the Boko Haram terrorism and the efforts towards rebuilding the region. The study, also advocates for the incorporation of members of NSSGs that have undergone character vetting into a community or state policing structure with a view to complementing the official government security architecture towards improving peace and security in the North East region.
Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Comparison of Two IRTree Models to Investigate the Impact of Full Versus Endpoint-Only Response Option Labeling
Authors: Spratto Elisabeth M. , Leventhal Brian C. , Bandalos Deborah L.
Published: May 2020

In this study, we examined the results and interpretations produced from two different IRTree models—one using paths consisting of only dichotomous decisions, and one using paths consisting of both dichotomous and polytomous decisions. We used data from two versions of an impulsivity measure. In the first version, all the response options had labels; in the second version, only the endpoints were labeled. Based on past research, we hypothesized that the endpoints would be selected more frequently in the endpoint-only labeled condition, and the midpoint response option would be selected more frequently in the fully labeled condition. Results from the two models (dichotomous and polytomous) were similar and indicated that our hypotheses were partially supported—specifically, there was no consistent pattern in terms of which condition saw a higher frequency of midpoint response selection. However, our hypotheses regarding extreme responding in the endpoint-only labeling condition were supported.
Do rising rents lead to longer commutes? A gravity model of commuting flows in Ireland
Authors: Ahrens Achim , Lyons Sean
Published: May 2020

The classical monocentric city model suggests that property prices decrease and transport costs rise with distance to the urban centre, implying that employees face a trade-off between long commutes and high housing costs when making location decisions. Accordingly, some commuters might be forced to take on longer commutes due to rising rents in central locations. In this study, we investigate empirically whether the rental differential between employment centres and residential areas predicts changes in average commuting times. To this end, we consider a gravity model of commuting flows for Ireland over 2011–2016. We present results for Ireland and the metropolitan area of Dublin, which constitutes the largest commuting region in Ireland. The results imply that a 10% rise in rents in employment centres is associated with an up to 0.6 minute rise in one-way daily average commuting times nationally (about 2.2% of the average commute duration).
Microcredit Provision, Lifelong Learning, and Productivity of Poor Women in Indonesian Villages
Authors: Suryadi Ace , Budimansyah Dasim , Solehuddin Muhammad , Shantini Yanti , Yunus Dadang
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of lifelong, notably adult and informal, learning experiences on the business capability and productivity of poor women entrepreneurs in rural Indonesia. The measures of entrepreneurial ability of the research subjects were in terms of their engagement, as microcredit receivers, in adult learning processes through daily production and selling activities; this includes the relative earnings gained from their income generating activities. The data collected are those from 400 respondents randomly selected from microcredit receivers of Bina Artha microfinance institutes in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. The data analysis focused on examining the effect of adult learning variables in comparison to school attendance on the women entrepreneurs’ business capability. The findings showed that some forms of adult and informal learning experiences had stronger effect on the entrepreneurs’ business capability than the school attendance. In light of the findings, it is to suggest that microcredit providers arguably should provide relevant skills training to improve lifelong learning experiences of microcredit receivers. This recommends that microcredit providers should take into account the benefits of lifelong learning experiences of microcredit receivers as one of the most important criteria for granting loan extension.
Mexican Traditional Medicine: Application of a Traditional and Complementary Medicine System to Improve Opioid Use Treatment in Latinos
Authors: Sorrell Tanya R.
Published: May 2020

Background: Initially considered a primarily rural, White issue, opioid use and overdose rates have risen faster for Latinos (52.5%) than for White, non-Hispanics (45.8%) from 2014 to 2016. With an estimated 45% to 65% of Latino immigrant families using Mexican traditional medicine (MTM) practices before seeking Western medical services, these practices could be used as a method to increase access to care and improve outcomes. Practice Model: Although not well known, MTM is founded on a defined set of theoretical tenets that comprise a whole medical system as defined by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Whole medical systems are characterized as complete systems of theory and practice that develop independently and parallel allopathic medicine. Classifying MTM as a whole medical system to encourage further research and utilization of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) practices could help improve health outcomes for Latino patients. Specific T&CM practices that could be used in opioid treatment integration to decrease stigma and increase treatment utilization are then discussed. Conclusion: Incorporating T&CM practices will allow more effective, culturally competent and culturally sensitive health care provision for Latino immigrants in the United States to decrease stigma, improve health care outcomes, and address disparities in opioid use treatment.
Precarity as a Coping Strategy of the Gonds: A Study of Insecure and Long-distance Seasonal Migration in Central India
Authors: Yadav Smita
Published: May 2020

Studies on the informal economy in India show how precarious it is to be a migrant worker in an informal economy and how migrant workers are perpetually at risk of being exploited by market forces. They show how horizontal networks in India along the exploited class of labourers have never worked due to vertical social base (Pattenden, 2010). Therefore, they call for a stronger role of the state in organising and regulating the livelihoods in rural India. On the other hand, scholars studying changing labour, land and capital relations in rural India (Breman, 2010) have shown that there is a constant precarious condition of debt that such workers have to navigate and contest. The article shows how Gonds, a Scheduled Tribe population, who are facing forest evictions and are internally displaced, have resorted to long-distance migration in India. In the absence of state provisioning and formal recourse to law due to the inability to read and write, the Gonds are left to fend for themselves. Precariousness has become a normalised way of life to avoid starvation and indebtedness. However, this article also shows that circular and seasonal migration is valued and considered to be a successful strategy for most rural households. It also involves improving social networking skills and their knowledge of the market and the work. Above all, this strategy helps Gonds to be debt-free and independent as possible.
Internal Migrants and Voting Participation Constraints: A Study in Delhi
Authors: Singh Kislay Kumar
Published: May 2020

The Census of 2011 recorded about 450 million internal migrants in India, who changed their place of residence within and between states for economic and educational reasons among others. Many of them retain their voting rights at their native place, as they do not shift permanently. Such migrants do, and are expected to, visit their constituency and cast their vote at the local polling booths during the time of election. However, many of them also stay away from their native places even at the time of election. This has implications for their electoral and political participation and the democratic process at large. This article attempts to elaborate how the spatial distance restrains a significant section of population from participating in the electoral system, drawing on the experiences of internal migrants in Delhi region.
Book review: Shoba Arun, Development and Gender Capital in India: Change, Continuity, and Conflict in Kerala
Authors: Anjali K. K.
Published: May 2020

Shoba Arun, Development and Gender Capital in India: Change, Continuity, and Conflict in Kerala. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018, 186 pp., ₹8,225 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-1-138-22196-3.
Understanding the Economic Growth of West Bengal: A Multiple Structural Breaks Approach
Authors: Biswas Debolina
Published: May 2020

This article tries to understand the economic growth of West Bengal by using the Bai–Perron method of multiple structural break analysis. It is found that between 1960 and 2014, the Bengal economy had witnessed two breaks in its output growth. The first break occurred in 1983 and was influenced by a break in the agrarian sector, an outcome propelled by the shift in the political regime and changes in policy prescriptions. The second break happened in 1993; it was preceded by the break in the service sector and a shift in the policy paradigm within the same political dispensation. This study has further investigated the characteristics of the various growth phases in terms of sectoral composition and policies. It is identified that the West Bengal economy has moved from a low growth phase to a medium or balanced growth phase followed by a high growth phase. The low growth phase had witnessed an agrarian impasse, industrial deceleration and political instability. In contrast, the medium growth phase recorded an unprecedented agrarian growth and political stability. The high growth phase has seen a huge growth in the tertiary sector and political instability during its later half.

JEL Classification: R11
Impacts of duct inner diameter and standoff distance on macroscopic spray characteristics of ducted fuel injection under non-vaporizing conditions
Authors: Li Feng , Lee Chia-fon , Wang Ziman , Pei Yiqiang , Lu Guoxiang
Published: May 2020

Ducted fuel injection spray is a new technology for reducing soot formation in heavy-duty diesel engines. In this work, the ducted fuel injection spray characteristics with different duct inner diameters and different standoff distances were investigated and compared with free spray. Duct inner diameter ranged from 1.5 to 4 mm, and standoff distance varied between 0.9 and 4.9 mm. Mie-scattering optical technique was used to characterize spray characteristics under various injection pressures in a constant-volume spray chamber. Ambient gas pressure of up to 6 MPa when spraying. The results showed that ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct has better spray diffusion compared to those of ducted fuel injection sprays with larger ducts and free spray from the perspectives of spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area. Increasing standoff distance could increase spray velocity. Ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct formed a mushroom-shaped head and large-scale vortex flow close to the duct outlet. All the advantages of ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct are interpreted as evidence of improving fuel–gas mixing quality significantly.
Novel algorithms for sequential fault diagnosis based on greedy method
Authors: Tian Heng , Duan Fuhai , Sang Yong , Fan Liang
Published: May 2020

Test sequencing for binary systems is a nondeterministic polynomial-complete problem, where greedy algorithms have been proposed to find the solution. The traditional greedy algorithms only extract a single kind of information from the D-matrix to search the optimal test sequence, so their application scope is limited. In this study, two novel greedy algorithms that combine the weight index for fault detection with the information entropy are introduced for this problem, which are defined as the Mix1 algorithm and the Mix2 algorithm. First, the application scope for the traditional greedy algorithms is demonstrated in detail by stochastic simulation experiments. Second, two new heuristic formulas are presented, and their scale factors are determined. Third, an example is used to show how the two new algorithms work, and four real-world D-matrices are employed to validate their universality and stability. Finally, the application scope of the Mix1 and Mix2 algorithms is determined based on stochastic simulation experiments, and the two greedy algorithms are also used to improve a multistep look-ahead heuristic algorithm. The Mix1 and Mix2 algorithms can obtain good results in a reasonable time and have a wide application scope, which also can be used to improve the multistep look-ahead heuristic algorithm.
Erdheim-Chester Disease With Concurrent Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Solomon Nadia , Landwehr Arne , Farooq Zerwa , Gutzmore Garfield , Tang Horace , Tuli Sandeep Singh , Rizzo Vincent
Published: May 2020

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare type of blood cancer characterized by infiltration of the body tissues by pathologic histiocytes, leading to widespread inflammation and damage. Clinical presentations range widely, from asymptomatic infiltration of bone to multiple organ system damage and resultant dysfunction. This report describes a case of a patient with several unusual imaging findings that led to a differential diagnosis of ECD; however, a biopsy of a mediastinal mass suspected to be due to histiocyte infiltration instead revealed primary lung cancer. Ultimately, ECD could not be ruled out, and the patient was referred to dermatology for a superficial facial xanthelasma biopsy, results of which were consistent with ECD. Concurrent ECD and adenocarcinoma is highly unusual; this case demonstrates the importance of a thorough investigation and the consideration that not all findings may be attributable to a single disease process, even when the alternative is very unlikely.
Republication of “Ultrasonographic Appearance of Lung Sliding in a Patient With a Bronchopleural Fistula on a High-Frequency Oscillator Ventilator”
Authors: Wallace David John , Sappington Penny , Tisherman Samuel , Stone Michael
Published: May 2020

The patient with a bronchopleural fistula and acute respiratory distress syndrome can present a therapeutic challenge for the treating clinician. In this case, the authors describe the use of bedside thoracic sonography to show real-time improvement in a pneumothorax after initiation of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Sonography may have a role in the evaluation of ventilator strategies in the future, although validation of this application is still needed.
Developmental studies in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Razak Khaleel A. , Dominick Kelli C. , Erickson Craig A.
Published: May 2020

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common single gene cause of autism and intellectual disabilities. Humans with FXS exhibit increased anxiety, sensory hypersensitivity, seizures, repetitive behaviors, cognitive inflexibility, and social behavioral impairments. The main purpose of this review is to summarize developmental studies of FXS in humans and in the mouse model, the Fmr1 knockout mouse. The literature presents considerable evidence that a number of early developmental deficits can be identified and that these early deficits chart a course of altered developmental experience leading to symptoms well characterized in adolescents and adults. Nevertheless, a number of critical issues remain unclear or untested regarding the development of symptomology and underlying mechanisms. First, what is the role of FMRP, the protein product of Fmr1 gene, during different developmental ages? Does the absence of FMRP during early development lead to irreversible changes, or could reintroduction of FMRP or therapeutics aimed at FMRP-interacting proteins/pathways hold promise when provided in adults? These questions have implications for clinical trial designs in terms of optimal treatment windows, but few studies have systematically addressed these issues in preclinical and clinical work. Published studies also point to complex trajectories of symptom development, leading to the conclusion that single developmental time point studies are unlikely to disambiguate effects of genetic mutation from effects of altered developmental experience and compensatory plasticity. We conclude by suggesting a number of experiments needed to address these major gaps in the field.
Intraoperative dexmedetomidine attenuates norepinephrine levels in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Kang RyungA , Jeong Ji Seon , Ko Justin Sangwook , Lee Soo-Youn , Lee Jong Hwan , Choi Soo Joo , Cha Sungrok , Lee Jeong Jin
Published: May 2020

Background

Dexmedetomidine has sympatholytic effects. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine could attenuate stress responses in patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal transseptal transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods

Forty-six patients were randomized to receive a continuous infusion of 0.9% saline (n = 23) or dexmedetomidine (n = 23). Immediately after general anesthesia induction, the dexmedetomidine group received a loading dose of 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/h and the control group received 0.9% saline at the same volume until 30 min before the end of surgery. Serum levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose were assessed before surgery (T1) and the end of drug infusion (T2). The primary outcome was the change in norepinephrine levels between the two time points.

Results

Changes (T2-T1 values) in perioperative serum norepinephrine levels were significantly greater in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group (median difference, 56.9 pg/dL; 95% confidence interval, 20.7 to 83.8 pg/dL; P = 0.002). However, epinephrine level changes did not show significant intergroup differences (P = 0.208). Significantly fewer patients in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group required rescue analgesics at the recovery area (4.3% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.047).

Conclusions

Intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration reduced norepinephrine release and rescue analgesic requirement. Dexmedetomidine might be used as an anesthetic adjuvant in patients undergoing transnasal transseptal transsphenoidal surgery.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Registry of Korea, identifier: KCT0003366; registration date: 21/11/2018; presenting author: Ji Seon Jeong.
Proper mechanical stress promotes femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats through the OPG/RANK/RANKL system
Authors: Fu Dapeng , Qin Kairong , Yang Sheng , Lu Jianmin , Lian Haoyi , Zhao Dewei
Published: May 2020

Background

Long-term use of steroid may lead to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Mechanical stress may help bone formation and remodeling. This study aimed to probe the role of mechanical stress in the femoral head recovery in rats.

Methods

Rat models with ONFH were induced by steroid. Rats were subjected to different levels of mechanical stress (weight-bearing training), and then the morphology and bone density of femoral head of rats were measured. The mRNA and protein levels of the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis in rat femoral head were assessed. Gain- and loss-of function experiments of OPG were performed to identify its role in femoral head recovery following stress implement. The ex vivo cells were extracted and the effects of stress and OPG on osteogenesis in vitro were explored.

Results

Steroid-induced ONFH rats showed decreased bone density and increased bone spaces, as well as necrotic cell colonies and many cavities in the cortical bones and trabeculars. Proper mechanical stress or upregulation of OPG led to decreased RANK/RANKL expression and promoted femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis. However, excessive mechanical stress might impose too much load on the femurs thus leading even retard femoral head recovery process. In addition, the in vitro experimental results supported that proper stress and overexpression of OPG increased the osteogenesis of ex vivo cells of femoral head.

Conclusion

This study provided evidence that proper mechanical stress promoted femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis through the OPG/RANK/RANKL system, while overload might inhibit the recovery process. This study may offer novel insights for ONFH treatment.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kong Min Gyu , Jang Se Yong , Jang Jieun , Cho Hyun-Jai , Lee Sangjun , Lee Sang Eun , Kim Kye Hun , Yoo Byung-Su , Kang Seok-Min , Baek Sang Hong , Choi Dong-Ju , Jeon Eun-Seok , Kim Jae-Joong , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Oh Byung-Hee , Lim Soo , Park Sue K. , Lee Hae-Young
Published: May 2020

Background

Although more than one-third of the patients with acute heart failure (AHF) have diabetes mellitus (DM), it is unclear if DM has an adverse impact on clinical outcomes. This study compared the outcomes in patients hospitalized for AHF stratified by DM and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods

The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry prospectively enrolled and followed 5625 patients from March 2011 to February 2019. The primary endpoints were in-hospital and overall all-cause mortality. We evaluated the impact of DM on these endpoints according to HF subtypes and glycemic control.

Results

During a median follow-up of 3.5 years, there were 235 (4.4%) in-hospital mortalities and 2500 (46.3%) overall mortalities. DM was significantly associated with increased overall mortality after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.22). In the subgroup analysis, DM was associated with higher a risk of overall mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) only (adjusted HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27). Inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.0% within 1 year after discharge) was significantly associated with a higher risk of overall mortality compared with adequate glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) (44.0% vs. 36.8%, log-rank p = 0.016).

Conclusions

DM is associated with a higher risk of overall mortality in AHF, especially HFrEF. Well-controlled diabetes (HbA1c < 7.0%) is associated with a lower risk of overall mortality compared to uncontrolled diabetes.

Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01389843. Registered July 6, 2011. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01389843
Adolescents with full or subthreshold anorexia nervosa in a naturalistic sample: treatment interventions and patient satisfaction
Authors: Lindstedt Katarina , Forss Emma , Elwin Marie , Kjellin Lars , Gustafsson Sanna Aila
Published: May 2020

Background

Despite major research efforts, current recommendations of treatment interventions for adolescents with anorexia nervosa are scarce, and the importance of patient satisfaction for treatment outcome is yet to be established. The overall aim of the present study was to examine treatment interventions and patient satisfaction in a naturalistic sample of adolescents with anorexia nervosa or subthreshold anorexia nervosa and possible associations to outcome defined as being in remission or not at treatment follow-up.

Methods

Participants were identified through the Swedish national quality register for eating disorder treatment (SwEat). The samples consisted of 1899 patients who were follow-up registered 1 year after entering treatment and 474 patients who had completed a 1-year patient satisfaction questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was used for identifying subgroups of patients who received certain combinations and various amounts of treatment forms.

Results

Patients who received mainly family-based treatment and/or inpatient care were most likely to achieve remission at 1-year follow-up, compared to patients in the other clusters. They were also younger, in general. Individual therapy was the most common treatment form, and was most appreciated among the adolescents. At 1-year follow-up, many patients reported improvements in eating habits, but far fewer reported improvements regarding cognitive symptoms. Overall, the patients rated the therapist relationship in a rather positive way, but they gave quite low ratings to statements associated with their own participation in treatment.

Conclusions

The results indicate that young adolescents who receive mainly family-based treatment and/or inpatient care respond more rapidly to treatment compared to older adolescents who receive mainly individual therapy or mixed treatment interventions. At 1-year follow-up, the adolescents reported improvements in behavioral symptoms and seemed quite satisfied with the therapist relationship.
The first quarter of the C-terminal domain of Abelson regulates the WAVE regulatory complex and Enabled in axon guidance
Authors: Cheong Han Sian Joshua , Nona Mark , Guerra Samantha Barbara , VanBerkum Mark Francis
Published: May 2020

Background

Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a key role in axon guidance in linking guidance receptors to actin dynamics. The long C-terminal domain (CTD) of Drosophila Abl is important for this role, and previous work identified the ‘first quarter’ (1Q) of the CTD as essential. Here, we link the physical interactions of 1Q binding partners to Abl’s function in axon guidance.

Methods

Protein binding partners of 1Q were identified by GST pulldown and mass spectrometry, and validated using axon guidance assays in the embryonic nerve cord and motoneurons. The role of 1Q was assessed genetically, utilizing a battery of Abl transgenes in combination with mutation or overexpression of the genes of pulled down proteins, and their partners in actin dynamics. The set of Abl transgenes had the following regions deleted: all of 1Q, each half of 1Q (‘eighths’, 1E and 2E) or a PxxP motif in 2E, which may bind SH3 domains.

Results

GST pulldown identified Hem and Sra-1 as binding partners of 1Q, and our genetic analyses show that both proteins function with Abl in axon guidance, with Sra-1 likely interacting with 1Q. As Hem and Sra-1 are part of the actin-polymerizing WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), we extended our analyses to Abi and Trio, which interact with Abl and WRC members. Overall, the 1Q region (and especially 2E and its PxxP motif) are important for Abl’s ability to work with WRC in axon guidance. These areas are also important for Abl’s ability to function with the actin regulator Enabled. In comparison, 1E contributes to Abl function with the WRC at the midline, but less so with Enabled.

Conclusions

The 1Q region, and especially the 2E region with its PxxP motif, links Abl with the WRC, its regulators Trio and Abi, and the actin regulator Ena. Removing 1E has specific effects suggesting it may help modulate Abl’s interaction with the WRC or Ena. Thus, the 1Q region of Abl plays a key role in regulating actin dynamics during axon guidance.
Development and application of a rapid HPLC method for simultaneous determination of hyperoside, isoquercitrin and eleutheroside E in Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus
Authors: Shen Jie , Yang Kai , Jiang Cheng , Ma Xiao-qiong , Zheng Min-xia , Sun Cai-hua
Published: May 2020

Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus have been used for hundreds of years to treat hypertension in China. In previous research, there was not a suitable quality control of method for the formulas of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus. It is urgent and essential to develop modern analytical methods for Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus to ensure the quality of the formulas. A rapid approach for simultaneous determination of hyperoside, isoquercitrin and eleutheroside E in Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was described and validated. The full method validation, including the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery, was examined. All target components, including isomers of hyperoside and isoquercitrin, were baseline separated in 35 min. The developed method was sensitive, reliable and feasible. With this method, the optimal decoction conditions of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus were selected, and their quality analysis was carried out. Furthermore, an herbal compatibility study of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus based on detecting variations in the content of their active ingredients was performed by the developed HPLC method. It could be an alternative for the quantitative analysis of herbs that contain hyperoside, isoquercitrin or (and) eleutheroside E in the future.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 14 No. 6, November 2018
Authors: Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Editor
Published: May 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.6.i
Effects of Training With Free Weights Versus Machines on Muscle Mass, Strength, Free Testosterone, and Free Cortisol Levels
Authors: Schwanbeck Shane R. , Cornish Stephen M. , Barss Trevor , Chilibeck Philip D.
Published: May 2020

Schwanbeck, SR, Cornish, SM, Barss, T, and Chilibeck, PD. Effects of training with free weights versus machines on muscle mass, strength, free testosterone, and free cortisol levels. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1851–1859, 2020—Free weights offer a more unstable training environment, which enhances muscle recruitment, whereas some machines have the advantage of using a “cam” pulley system that better matches strength curves. We compared the effect of training with free weights vs. machines on muscle mass, strength, free testosterone, and free cortisol concentrations. Forty-six subjects (26 women; 22 ± 3 years) were randomized to train using free weights or machines for 8 weeks (with each muscle group trained 2–3/weeks, 3–4 sets of 4–10 repetitions). Muscle thickness and strength were measured at 0 and 8 weeks. Salivary hormone concentrations were assessed before and at the end of workouts at the beginning, midway (4 weeks), and end (8 weeks) of the training intervention. Biceps and quadriceps muscle thickness increased (p < 0.01) with no difference between groups. There was a group × time interaction for machine bench press strength (p = 0.05) with the machine group increasing more than the free-weight group (13.9 vs. 8.6%). Free-weight bench press and squat, and Smith machine squat strength increased in both groups (11–19%; p < 0.01) with no difference between groups. Men in the free-weight group had a greater increase in free testosterone from before to after acute training sessions than men in the machine group and all women (p < 0.01); however, there was no differences between groups in free cortisol response to acute resistance exercise. Training sessions with free weights induced greater increases in free testosterone in men; however, training with free weights or machines resulted in similar increases in muscle mass and strength.
The Roles of Long Non-coding RNA in Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Ying , Li Jinglan , Chen Leilei , Xu Liangliang
Published: May 2020

The Human Genome Project (HGP) announced in 2001 that it had sequenced the entire
human genome, yielding nearly complete human DNA. About 98.5 percent of the human genome has
been found to be non-coding sequences. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a
length between 200 and 100,000 nucleotide units. Because of shallow research on lncRNA, it was
believed that it had no biological functions, but exists as a by-product of the transcription process.
With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, studies have shown that lncRNA
plays important roles in many processes by participating in epigenetics, transcription, translation and
protein modification. Current researches have shown that lncRNA also has an important part in the
pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a common disorder of bone metabolism, also a major
medical and socioeconomic challenge worldwide. It is characterized by a systemic reduction in bone
mass and microstructure changes, which increases the risk of brittle fractures. It is more common in
postmenopausal women and elderly men. However, the roles of lncRNA and relevant mechanisms in
osteoporosis remain unclear. Based on this background, we hereby review the roles of lncRNA in osteoporosis,
and how it influences the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, providing reference to
clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of osteoporosis.
“The Closed-World Principle”: Corporations and the Metaculture of Newness via Oldness
Authors: Eitan Wilf
Published: May 2020

Although many corporations make claims about the newness of their products in order to make the public interested in purchasing them, not all of them make the same kind of claims. Whereas previous studies have highlighted claims to newness that are based on emphasizing the newness of almost all the parts of new products in relation to the parts of those products’ previous versions, I highlight claims to newness that are based on emphasizing the oldness of the parts of new products in relation to the parts of those products’ previous versions. These two distinct kinds of claims are patterned after two diametrically opposed normative ideals of newness that have a specific intellectual history in the modern west. This history and its contemporary instantiations have implications for the study of the motion of culture in general, and of the mechanisms that propel it in the corporate world in particular.
Moment and Stress Analysis Solutions of Clamped Rectangular Thick Plate
Authors: Ibearugbulem O. M. , Onyeka Festus Chukwudi
Published: May 2020

The bending solutions of rectangular thick plate with all four edges clamped (CCCC) were investigated in this study. The basic governing equations used for analysis are based on third-order shear deformation plate theory analysis under uniformly distributed load. Using a formulated total potential energy equation, the three coupled general governing differential equations for the determination of the out of plane displacement and shear deformations rotation along the direction of x and y coordinates were obtained. These equations as obtained are solved simultaneously after minimization to determine the coefficients of displacements of the plate and other the mentioned functions. By solving these equations, the analytic solutions of rectangular thick plate with all four edges clamped were derived. From the formulated expression, the formula for calculation of the maximum deflection, moment, stress and in-plane displacements were deduced. The proposed method obviates the need of shear correction factors, which is associated with Mindlin’s theory (FSDT) for the solution to the problem. Moreover, numerical comparison shows the correctness and accuracy of the results.
The effectiveness of the protective role of beetroot juice for the male reproductive system of albino rats against the toxicity of cadmium chloride
Authors: Razooqi AL-Janabi Qasim Azeez , Khamees Shaban Rashid , Hasan AL-Kraie Noor Ibrahem
Published: May 2020

This study was designed to evaluate the protective role of beetroot juice against the toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in male albino rats.
The study included 20 male albino rats ages ranged between (2-3 months) and weights ranged between (220-260g), which were randomly distributed into 4 groups, the first group that has been promised to control group was given distilled water, the second group was given beetroot juice 10 ml/kg b.w., group third was given at a dose of cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg  b.w. for 30 days, which promised an infected control, and the fourth group were treated beetroot juice 10 ml/kg b. w. with cadmium chloride.
The results showed that the treatment of animals cadmium chloride led group to a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the hormonal serum, to negative effects on of the natural shape of the sperm and to negative effects cleared on histological in testes tissues compared with the control group, In general has dosage rats treatment cadmium chloride juice of beetroot, to the positive improvement for most of the values ​​of previous indicators has led to increase significantly, the concentration of the LH, FSH and Testosterone hormone , to an improvement in the natural shape of the sperm, decreased significantly in the form abnormal sperm, led to an improvement cleared tissue in these totals became approach with what has been observed in the control group.
 
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.007
Estimation of the level of homocysteine and vitamin B12 in serum of patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Adnan Otla Asala , Ahmed Saleh Nadia
Published: May 2020

In this study, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured in patients with hypothyroidism in Salahdin Governorate. The study was conducted at the Tigris Educational Hospital in Tikrit. Blood  samples were taken from patients with hypothyroidism  (40 cases) with thyroid deficiency and 30 healthy (non-infected) subjects. Their ages ranged between 25-35 years. The study found that there was a significant increase p<0.05 in the homocysteine level compared to the healthy Individuals as control group. The study also showed a significant decrease in the level of vitamin  B12 for patients p <0.05 compared to healthy individuals .
 
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.011
Assessment of Growth Hormone , Insulin and Vit.D2 Levels for Children Suffering from Hypoweight in Kirkuk City
Authors: Ibrahim1 Nuha K. , Abdulrahman2 Sahib J.
Published: May 2020

This study was done in the Pediatric General Hospital and Al-azadi Educational Hospital , the period from September 2017 to February 2018, aimed to evaluate levels of Growth hormone (GH), Insulin and Vit.D3 levels for children suffering from hypoweight aged (1-5)years, include 40 child, in addition to 20 healthy child. A medical syringe was used for collecting blood samples, drawing (5)ml of venues blood from them and put it in test tube free from any coagulation material, it was put in centrifuge (3000rpm, 15min) for purpose obtaining blood serum then serum are separate and drawn by micropipette put it in a test tube used for (Growth Hormone, Insulin and Vit.D) tests. After test complete, the results of study showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0.01) in GH, Insulin and Vit.D2 levels.
 
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.065
EXTRACTION AND COMPARISON OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM NEEM SEED BY USING SOXHLET EXTRACTION AND SIMPLE DISTILLATION METHODS
Authors: Tesfaye Bereket , Tefera Tilahun , Misikir O  , Tsegaye G.
Published: May 2020

Extraction of essential neem oil from neem seed were carried by soxhelt extraction and simple distillation method using different types of solvents and parameters. Physico-chemical characteristics of the extracted oil were also determined by using classical wet chemical method. Results were generated in both techniques. Soxhlet extraction using hexane has 40.35%, using ethanol-hexane mixture of 60:40% volume proportions have 43.71%, using ethanol 42.65% and using methanol 42.89%. In simple distillation method results reveal that using hexane 42.35%, in methanol 39.5%, using ethanol 40.72% and using ethanol-hexane mixture of 60:40% has 41.26 %. For all solvent type particle size has 355μm, extraction time 1hr up to 3hrs and applied constant and varies temperatures. At smaller extraction time, hexane produced oil yield greater than from ethanol and methanol. In soxhlet extraction, ethanol not produced oil at one-hour extraction time. Thus, by effective determination of factors like particle sizes, solvent type, temperature, and time it is possible to investigate the result on the quality and quantity of neem oil.
Parametric Study on Unconnected Piled Raft Foundation Using Numerical Modelling
Authors: Alhassani Athraa Mohammed Jawad , Aljorany Ala Nasir
Published: May 2020

Piled raft is commonly used as foundation for high rise buildings. The design concept of piled raft foundation is to minimize the number of piles, and to utilize the entire bearing capacity. High axial stresses are therefore, concentrated at the region of connection between the piles and raft. Recently, an alternative technique is proposed to disconnect the piles from the raft in a so called unconnected piled raft (UCPR) foundation, in which a compacted soil layer (cushion) beneath the raft, is usually introduced.  The piles of the new system are considered as reinforcement members for the subsoil rather than as structural members. In the current study, the behavior of unconnected piled rafts systems has been studied numerically by means of 3D Finite Element analysis via ABAQUS software. The numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of thickness and stiffness of the cushion, pile length, stiffness of foundation soil, and stiffness of bearing soil on the performance of the unconnected piled raft. The results indicate that when unconnected piles are used, the axial stress along the pile is significantly reduced e.g. the axial stress at head of unconnected pile is decreased by 37.8% compared with that related to connected pile. It is also found that the stiffness and thickness of the cushion, and stiffness of foundation soil have considerable role on reduction the settlement.
Proses dan Teknik Supervise
Authors: Pratiwi Doni , Afriansyah Hade
Published: May 2020

Various techniques can be done by supervisors in helping master raise the teaching. Neither the group or reorbly or by immediate face to face nor no face. In the attempt of increasing schools, principal as supervisors can use various engineering or methods of education superabilities. Supervision can be done by many ways.
Bahasa sebagai Alat Komunikasi, Citra Pikiran, dan Kepribadian
Authors: Noermanzah
Published: May 2020

Makalah ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman tentang hakikat bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi, citra pikiran, dan kepribadian. Bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi bermakna bahwa bahasa merupakan deretan bunyi yang bersistem, berbentuk lambang, bersifat arbitrer, bermakna, konfensional, unik, universal, produktif, bervariasi, dinamis, manusiawi, dan alat interaksi sosial yang menggantikan individual dalam menyatakan sesuatu atau berekspresi kepada lawan tutur dalam suatu kelompok sosial sebagai alat untuk berkomunikasi dan identitas penuturnya. Bahasa sebagai citra pikiran bermakna bahwa bahasa terbentuk dari pikiran, atau bentuk bahasa (secara individual dan spontan) meniru atau mengikuti bentuk pikiran atau ide. Bahasa sebagai citra kepribadian bermakna bahwa bahasa berkaitan dengan etika berbahasa yang diyakininya. Etika berbahasa ini sangat erat berkaitan dengan pemilihan kode bahasa, norma-norma sosial, dan sistem budaya yang berlaku dalam satu masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan bahasa dengan memperhatikan etika berbahasa maka pribadi seseorang akan dikatakan baik.