bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„United and Stronger Together“ – Transnationale gewerkschaftliche Organisierung in multinationalen Konzernen am Beispiel der IG Metall-Netzwerkinitiative
Authors: Simon Hendrik
Published: October 2021

Während Unternehmen über nationale Grenzen hinweg in globalen Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken operieren, stehen transnationale gewerkschaftliche Organisierungsstrategien häufig noch am Anfang. Angesichts der Asymmetrie zwischen global entgrenzter Produktion und (vornehmlich) nationalstaatlich begrenzten Gewerkschaften mag dieser Befund kaum überraschen. Dennoch lassen sich in jüngerer Zeit innovative Ansätze der transnationalen gewerkschaftlichen Organisierung in globalen Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken identifizieren. Ein solcher Ansatz steht im Fokus des vorliegenden Beitrages: Die im Jahr 2012 ins Leben gerufene Internationale Netzwerkinitiative (NWI) der IG Metall zielt darauf ab, über Ländergrenzen hinweg eine intensivere Zusammenarbeit zwischen Gewerkschafter*innen in einem internationalen Konzern zu unterstützen. Ausgehend von einem teilnehmend-beobachtenden Forschungsprojekt diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag Herausforderungen und Chancen der NWI und verweist dabei auf einen Praxisfall in globalen Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken der Automobilbranche: der transnationalen gewerkschaftlichen Organisierung in der Lear Corporation, einem Tier-1-Supplier. Der Beitrag ist damit zugleich als Werkstattbericht über die laufende Forschung und als Einladung zum Diskurs zu verstehen.
Interpolating poverty statistics in the Philippines for non-FIES years using DFM
Authors: Albis Manuel Leonard F. , Lopez Jessa S. , Elumbre Roxanne Jean L. , Galias Dannela Jann B.
Published: October 2021

The establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 entails generating relevant and timely statistics for monitoring and policymaking. The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) generates poverty statistics using the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES). However, due to certain limitations, the FIES collection and calculation of official poverty statistics is done only every three years. In this regard, this paper presents a method of filling in the gaps by interpolating annual poverty statistics, particularly the poverty incidence, using macroeconomic indicators and demographic and employment information from the Labor Force Survey (LFS). These explanatory variables were related to the poverty incidence using the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM) in the state-space form to produce estimates for years when poverty statistics are not available. Relatively high forecast accuracy was observed for the predicted values of poverty incidence.
Classification of histopathological images of breast cancer using an improved convolutional neural network model
Authors: Yang Yunfeng , Guan Chen
Published: October 2021

The accurately automatic classification of medical pathological images has always been an important problem in the field of deep learning. However, the traditional manual extraction of features and image classification usually requires in-depth knowledge and more professional researchers to extract and calculate high-quality image features. This kind of operation generally takes a lot of time and the classification effect is not ideal. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes and tests an improved network model DenseNet-201-MSD to accomplish the task of classification of medical pathological images of breast cancer. First, the image is preprocessed, and the traditional pooling layer is replaced by multiple scaling decomposition to prevent overfitting due to the large dimension of the image data set. Second, the BN algorithm is added before the activation function Softmax and Adam is used in the optimizer to optimize performance of the network model and improve image recognition accuracy of the network model. By verifying the performance of the model using the BreakHis dataset, the new deep learning model yields image classification accuracy of 99.4%, 98.8%, 98.2%and 99.4%when applying to four different magnifications of pathological images, respectively. The study results demonstrate that this new classification method and deep learning model can effectively improve accuracy of pathological image classification, which indicates its potential value in future clinical application.
Analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of methods for ensuring the quality of service for software-defined networks of the standard 5G/IMT-2020
Authors: Daneshmand Behrooz
Published: October 2021

The quality of service (QoS) in networking is the process of managing network resources to reduce packet loss and to lower network jitter and latency. QoS has been widely used in traditional network and can also be implemented in the 5G standard based on a software-defined network (SDN). A traditional network carries several challenges, such as vendor dependency, the complexity of managing a large network, dynamically changing forwarding policies, and more. Software-defined networking is a new networking strategy designed to address the challenges of a traditional IP network, such as high levels of complexity and inability to adapt to the new quality of service requirements in a timely manner. The fundamental idea behind SDNs compared to the conventional networking paradigm is the creation of horizontally integrated systems through the separation of the control and the data plane while providing an increasingly sophisticated set of abstractions. Recently, various SDN-enabled QoS frameworks have emerged that offer many possibilities for network reconfiguration and high-level definition of policies. QoS requirements for 5G networks have been defined on the basis of three main categories of use cases: extreme mobile broadband (xMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) IoT/M2M devices, and highly reliable М2М-communication (ultra-reliable machine-type communications – uMTC). This paper analyzes and surveys the QoS based on the openflow protocol method and QoS based on open-source SDN controllers method in 5G network. In addition, we discuss various architectural issues of open-source SDN controllers network and examine their impact on the QoS. Furthermore, we outline the characteristics of the QoS parameters such as latency, availability, reliability, jitter, and bandwidth in the 5G network. Finally, the article discusses and compares parameters of the QoS in 5G determined by world’s leaders in 5G technology.
Implementation of the three-link model of pre-trial investigation in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Smatlaev B.M.
Published: October 2021

The article presents innovations of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan which, in pre-trial investigations, play a major role in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens. The article justifies the need for special legal regulation of these objects of citizens ‘ rights. The author considers positions of scientists, judicial practice and legislation of Kazakhstan and foreign countries. It identifies shortcomings and contradictions of legal legislation. In accordance with the requirements of the new legislation, the transition to a three-link model under the pilot program will protect the rights of many citizens in the country, which will practically reduce the responsibility of persons who are not involved in crimes in the course of investigations. As a result of the analysis of the legislation of Kazakhstan, the author concluded that it is necessary to change the legal regime and recently adopted Criminal Procedure Code, which is more or less beneficial for citizens.
Labor migration: socio-legal characteristics of the problem
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Zhetpisov S.K. , Nurgazinov B.K. ,   Institute of legislation and legal information of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Boretskiy A.V ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: October 2021

The article contains an analysis of the current situation in the field of labor migration in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), complicated by restrictions on free movement due to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. It is stated that against the background of the pandemic, the vulnerability of the labor market was most pronounced, exposing the problems of weak legal regulation, manifested in job cuts and mass unemployment. Today, labor migrants who have become «hostages» of the lockdown are experiencing significant difficulties in finding jobs, since many industries have not yet entered the full-fledged channel of efficiency. The article provides an overview of measures to regulate the socio-economic situation in the field of labor migration of the EAEU member states in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, since migrants from these countries found themselves in the most difficult situation. The presented article is necessary for the most correct assessment of the processes of labor migration that determine the degree of socio-economic development of the EAEU member states. In the article, the authors conclude that the problems in the field of labor migration, which have worsened in the context of the pandemic, require immediate and thoughtful solutions, since they can have long-term consequences on the economic and social development of states and integration processes. It is stated that the above-mentioned countries have potential opportunities to stabilize the situation with the position of labor migrants, since this directly depends on the effectiveness of the activities of the authorities, preparation of legislation and the level of economic well-being.
Doctrinal foundations of social security in the context of legal and theological regulators (case study of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Authors:   Religious Association “Friends” of the Orthodox Church of Middle Baden «Stavros», Sinzheim, Zaibel V. , Mezhibovskaya I. ,   Institute of State and Law, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes a relationship between legal norms and theological codes in the field of social protection of citizens unable to work. The authors present a scientific analytical study in terms of the interconnection, interdependence and co-relation of scientific and non-scientific - theological views in the field of obligations and legal guarantees of protection from social risks of special categories of citizens, which include children, the elderly, the disabled, women with children. There is drawn a parallel between the norms of law and moral norms, religious beliefs in terms of the fundamental commandments about proper behavior, good and evil, and legal norms governing legal relations in the field of social protection on the example of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Theological views are investigated considering the peculiarities that take place in the main religious directions included in the catalog of world religions: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism. At the same time, a significant attention is paid to Orthodox Christianity teaching. Based on the study of legislation and basic theological sources, it has been proved that many basic issues of social security for certain groups of people have been laid down as doctrinal obligations before the development of legal regulations. Religious attitudes still play a major role today.
The Effect of Comprehensive Corrective Exercises on Posture of Wushu Practitioners With Upper Cross Syndrome
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran., Hajizadeh Fatah , Sedaghati Parisa ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Saki Farzaneh ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Perform repetitive movements or long-term positioning causes adaptations in muscles and jointsand it can cause various disorders. To correct it, it is necessary to correct the movement pattern and use exercises to return to the desired muscle and joint position. The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of comprehensive corrective exercises on posture of the wushu athletes with upper cross syndrome. Methods: The method of the present study is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study included wushu men living in Kerman province with at least 3 years of sports experience. To this end, 30 Wooshakar males with forward Head, forward shoulder and kyphosis malalignment participated voluntarily in this study. A randomized placebo group was divided into two control groups and experimental were divided. Experimental group was selected for correction exercises for 10 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 20 to 60 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training program during this period. The evaluation of forward Head and forward shoulder and kyphosis angle were performed in two stages. Paired t-test and covariance analysis were used for data analysis. SPSS software was used at the significance level (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that the mean forward Head and forward shoulder and kyphosis angle of the subjects decreased after participating in the corrective training program (P=0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to use the selected corrective exercise program to reduce the amount of head forward, shoulder forward, kyphosis and improve the upper limb function of athletes prone to the upper cross syndrome. Therefore, in addition to reducing the mentioned complications, it can also affect their performance.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis Due to Cephalexin: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Jafarpour Hamed , Mousavi Mahdie Sadat ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Sheibani Shirin ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Ghaffari Javad ,   Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Dabbaghzadeh Abbas ,   Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Behzadnia Salar ,   Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) is a cutaneous reaction that may appear after using certain medications, such as cephalexin. This disease is characterized by non-follicular sterile pustules, erythematous, urticaria, fever over , and leukocytosis. Cephalexin belongs to the family of β-lactam antibiotics, which are widely used to treat infections. However, cephalexin skin sensitivities have been reported rarely. Herein, in this case, we aimed to report a patient presented with AGEP due to cephalexin usage. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with warm skin lesions that gradually appeared on the limbs, trunk, face, and neck after using cephalexin powder on his left leg injury. Because of his symptoms, acetaminophen, fexofenadine hydrochloride, loxoprofen sodium, and ointment, including difluprednate and hydrocortisone, were prescribed. Over time, the patient’s fever subsided, and 8 days later, the symptoms of AGEP, including urticaria, erythematous, and pustules in the neck and trunk, disappeared. Conclusions: Cephalexin is one of the antibiotics that doctors and patients consider when there is a possibility of infection. AGEP is a rare but severe reaction that can manifest as skin rashes in any age and sex following the use of cephalexin, so the patient should be careful when using this antibiotic.
Digital Clubbing and Hodgkin Disease in Children: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Karami Hossein , Beyzaee Amir Mohammad ,   Student Research Committe, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Masiha Farzad ,   Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Ghasemi Maryam ,   Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Nosrati Anahita ,   Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Mousavi Seyed Abdollah ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Naderisorki Mohammad ,   Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Digital clubbing (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy) as the initial presentation of lymphoma is rarely reported, particularly in children. In this study, we report a patient with intrathoracic Hodgkin Disease (HD) and digital clubbing as the first presentation, and we will review the literature regarding the same condition. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old boy presented with a 2-month history of cough, mild dyspnea, and night sweats, with prominent digital clubbing. A chest x-ray and a computed tomography scan of the chest showed multiple mediastinal masses. A mediastinal lymph node biopsy was done. Pathologic examination was indicative of nodular sclerosis HD. Conclusions: In patients with digital clubbing, intrathoracic malignancies should be considered a differential diagnosis and must be ruled out by precise examination and paraclinical help.
Cardiac Involvement in a Fetus With Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation, Diagnosis, and Treatment: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Perinatology and Fetal Cardiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Golbabaei Alireza , Memarian Sara ,   Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Naemi Mahsa ,   Department of Gynecology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Rastgar Azade ,   Department of Gynecology, Shariati Hospital, Karaj, Iran., Gharib Behdad ,   Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Majnoon Mohammad Taghi ,   Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations (VGAMs) are severe and rare congenital brain vasculature anomalies, which causes high mortality and morbidity in fetuses, neonates, and infants. It can be identified in the pregnancy period with fetal echocardiography. We report a case of VGAMs with severe cardiac manifestations in the fetus of a pregnant woman at the 28th week of gestational age.
Local Action for Sexual and Reproductive Health of Street Children: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran., Alidost Farzaneh , Taghizadeh Ziba ,   Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Setayesh Nasimeh ,   Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Nazem Haniyeh ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Azizi Marzieh ,   Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Context: Street children may expose to high-risk behaviors such as unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Objectives: This study systematically reviewed and presented preventive strategies for promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) against unsafe abortion, STDs, and unwanted pregnancy in street children. Data Source: In this systematic review, we searched databases of ScienceDirect, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar. Published articles between 1990 and 2020 were retrieved. Finally, 41 articles were used to compile the results of this study. Study Selection: A total of 1522 potentially relevant articles were identified; 275 articles were removed due to duplication and in abstract screening, and 766 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria or focus on the research question. Next, the full-text of 481 remained articles were screened. Studies in languages other than English or Persian, studies presented in conferences, and those with no information regarding the SRH among street children were removed. Finally, 41 studies were included in this systematic review. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from the articles according to the selection criteria by two independent reviewers. Results: Results of this study were categorized into 2 tables. Table 1 presents the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of SRH in street children were shown. Table 2 presents the preventive strategies regarding unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and STDs in the street children in four categories of 1) expansion program and promotion of educational services, 2) expansion program and promotion of educational services, 3) creating secure umbrella and social welfare, and 4) expansion program and promotion of social protection. Conclusions: Because of no information on street children regarding SRH, the government should consider adequate sexual education programs such as protected sexual intercourse and counseling on preventing STDs and unsafe abortion. It is essential to allocate affordable and accessible healthcare centers and facilities to provide services with no judgment on these children.
Information Registry System on Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Health Information Management, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghasempour Morteza , Ehtesham Hamideh ,   Department of Health Information Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran., Rostampou Nooshin ,   Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Pediatric Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Tahmasbian Shahram ,   Department of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran., Shahmoradi Leila ,   Department of Information Management and Health Informatics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common congenital disorder of the endocrine system, leading to preventable mental retardation. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the current status of congenital hypothyroidism information registry systems. Methods: In this systematic review 290 papers identified. A total of 254 articles were screened, of which 17 qualified articles were selected through the databases of Scopus, science direct ProQuest, PubMed, as well as the search engine Google scholar (no restriction on date of publication) up to 2020, were searched. Inclusion criteria were the Articles with the English language that examining information registry systems on congenital hypothyroidism. Articles whose full texts were not accessible, case reports, and letters to the editor had to be excluded. Results: This study showed that the primary goal of nearly half (50%) of the information registry systems for congenital hypothyroidism is to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the screening program. Other information registry systems for congenital hypothyroidism have examined the epidemiology of the disease in 4 studies (23.6%), monitoring iodine deficiency in 3 studies (18%), surveillance disease in 1 study (6%), and describing the clinical and familial features of the patient in 1 study (6%). Conclusions: Few studies have been done on developing information registry systems, and most studies have focused on the use of information systems in this field. Further comprehensive reviews are recommended to investigate the infrastructure of the commission national registry and world network to record information units on congenital hypothyroidism.
THE HOUSE OF SCHOLARSHIP, THE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE, THE TREASURY OF SCIENCE: RHETORICAL IMAGERY AND SOCIAL METAPHORS OF 13TH AND 14TH CENTURIES WESTERN EUROPEAN ACADEMIC COMMUNITIES
Authors:   higher School of Economics, Rusanov Alexandr
Published: October 2021

The article scrutinizes the ideas about the academic communities typical for the Latin world of the 13th and 14th centuries. It focuses on the ‘metaphorical vocabulary’ of academic corporations that was formed at that time within the framework of the Ars Dictaminis and was widely used to substantiate the status of university communities. These metaphors significantly supplemented the vague legal concepts that described academic communities (studium/studium generale, universitas). The most widespread metaphors of higher education institutions included such images as house of scholarship, seeds of knowledge, and treasure. All of them had deep roots in the Holy Scripture, but became widespread thanks to ‘exemplary’ texts included in rhetorical manuals and summae. With their help, social reality was interpreted within the framework of rhetoric as an epistemic system, often overlapping with the spheres of law and theology.
The paper considers these metaphors in the context of their distribution, within the networks of local political and cultural ties drawing on cases of two Iberian universities – those of Lisbon (founded between 1288 and 1290) and Lleida (founded in 1300).
THE WORLD BETWEEN PARADISE AND HELL: “FEAST OF THE THREE KINGS” BY H. BOSCH (Rev.: Maizuls M.R. Between Christ and Antichrist: “The adoration of the Magi” by H. Bosch. M.: Alpina non-fiction, 2021. 238 p.)
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gerstein Anna
Published: October 2021

The review pays special attention to the features of early Modern spiritual world and ideas of the Other by looking at the figures depicted on the triptych by Hieronymus Bosch. Paintings with biblical plots can give us information not only on the religious culture, but also on the secular world where the painter was living, displaying new discoveries of science, new lands and societies previously unknown to Europeans.
THE STRUGGLE FOR THE AUDIENCE: METAPHORS IN THE TEXTS OF LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES RUSSIAN CONSERVATIVES
Authors:   Lomonosov State University, Petukhova Alexandra
Published: October 2021

The article presents an attempt to reconstruct the system of thinking of Russian conservative nationalists of the late Empire period based on a comparison of the formal and substantive features of their texts, which were dedicated to the "Finnish question".
Taken together, these texts constituted a single "anti-Finnish discourse" created in order to influence the government and public opinion on the status of the Grand Duchy of Finland. However, they were united not only by origin and content, but also by common formal characteristics such as rhetorical features and tricks, vocabulary, and syntactic constructions.
Metaphors were the most important formal element of this discourse. They can be combined into four conventional metaphorical models: historical, military, criminal, and physiological. The analysis of metaphorical series allows us to make conclusions not only about how well publicists commanded methods of propaganda influence on the audience, but also about the logic of their thinking. With the help of metaphors and auxiliary linguistic tools linked to them, “one’s own” and “alien” social strata were marked, an ideal society was described, and discourse authors’ attitude to the current situation in the country was demonstrated.
Pascolo a rotazione in Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu per migliorare la produzione di latte
Authors: Soares Marcio Groto , Camargo Simone Cristina , Frassetto Matheus Orlandin , Abreu Hélio Mar de
Published: October 2021

Nelle proprietà lattiero-casearie, affinché ci sia un aumento del profitto, è necessario aumentare l’efficienza dei fattori di produzione, in particolare la nutrizione, che incide sul costo fisso. Si cerca sempre più un equilibrio tra la fornitura di mangime e il pascolo. Il metodo di pascolo rotazionale è stato adottato da diversi produttori, in quanto ha una buona produttività in un’area più piccola. Tuttavia, i pascoli utilizzati in questo tipo di pascolo, pur avendo una qualità eccellente, hanno fabbisogni nutrizionali più elevati. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro era quello di effettuare un’analisi economica del costo della produzione di latte, attraverso l’impianto di pascolo a rotazione, e lo scambio di pascolo autoctono per Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu, in una fattoria di famiglia. Questo lavoro è stato preparato nella città di Foz do Iguaçu. È stata utilizzata un’area di 6300 m2, suddivisa in 28 paddock di 225 m2 utilizzando un recinto elettrico. Il costo totale di produzione è stato di R$6.047,40, con un margine positivo di R$5.143,61 all’anno. In base ai risultati ottenuti nelle analisi economiche, si conclude che l’impianto di pascolo a rotazione e lo scambio di pascolo autoctono per Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu è una gestione valida, poiché il reddito generato dalla vendita del latte era sufficiente a coprire i costi totali di produzione.
Calibration Of Reliability Index For Crack Width For Reinforced Concrete Members
Authors: Zakee Marina
Published: October 2021

The cracking of Reinforced Concrete (RC) members is a highly random process. However, very few studies are focused on the probabilistic studies of concrete cracking. Second Order Monte Carlo Simulation was applied to determine the reliability index of serviceability limit state for different beam design cases. A proposed equation that has been developed based on a series of experimental work and neural network analysis, to estimate the crack spacing and width in RC members. Model uncertainty was modelled randomly to account for the uncertainties in the chosen crack width model. Monte Carlo subroutine was developed to evaluate the reliability index of the performance function. The results showed that the reliability index for crack width in all generated cases were in the recommended ranges of the acceptable limits that makes the proposed equation adopted in the monitoring strategy at the serviceability limit state as a target limit for monitoring the maximum crack width. The results obtained were compared with previous research work that was performed using First Order Monte Carlo Simulation. The results obtained were similar which indicates that the adopted methodology is reliable. The target limit can be used automatically to make decision for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data to repair or inject cracks of RC members. A series of steps were developed to help/guide in the decision-making process, based on the crack width.
THE EQUIVALENT OF THE JAPANESE VERBS SONAERU, SASHIAGERU, AND SAZUKERU INTO INDONESIAN
Authors: Dian Aryani Made Ratna , Anggraeny Renny
Published: October 2021

This research focuses on the verb equivalent of 'giving' Japanese into Indonesian. Japanese and Indonesian have different expressions of the 'giving' verb, both syntactically and pragmatically. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. In this study, the theory used is semantic theory from Chaer which states lexical meaning and grammatical meaning. The pragmatic theory used in this study is the contextual theory from Pateda. The data source of this study uses data from the Japanese corpus, namely www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/.The results of this study indicate that syntactically the verbs of sonaeru, sashiageru and sazukeru each have a different structure in Japanese. This is related to the emergence of function markers in arguments in Japanese sentence structures. And semantically, the emergence of the function of the marker affects the meaning and use of the vocabulary
CODE-SWITCHING: STUDY ON THE SPEECH OF INDONESIAN JAVANESE EDUCATED BILINGUALS
Authors: Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to investigate the code-switching applied by educated bilinguals. It is a quantitative and qualitative study. The data were collected from the participants doing Master and doctoral degrees at several universities in Melbourne, Australia and their spouses. The data were sorted out of the corpora recorded from discussions, conversations, a monologue equivalent with 50,117 words of talks. They were recorded from natural speeches in natural settings. The data were analyzed and interpreted analytically. The research found out that the bilinguals code-switched in their speech at a system, not at random. The code-switching patterns were categorized into Single Lexical Code-switching, Phrasal Code-switching, Intra-sentential Code-switching, and Inter-sentential Code-switching. Bilinguals code-switched from the matrix language into the embedded language to show their communicative strategy, social-cultural values, and self-expression.
DA ORIGEM AO CISMA: O COOPERATIVISMO AGRÍCOLA BRASILEIRO E O DUALISMO REPRESENTATIVO
Authors: Gregolin Marcos Roberto Pires , Souza Renato Santos de
Published: October 2021

Desde sua origem, o cooperativismo agrícola no Brasil tem ganho espaço e notoriedade em diversos aspectos. Cabe salientar vinculação com a sociedade, haja vista seu papel na busca pela por melhores condições de vida e sua vinculação com o governo por ser um instrumento de implementação das políticas agrícolas. O presente artigo objetivou desvelar os movimentos que resultaram na cisão do movimento cooperativista, que deu origem a binômios como tradicional/novo; empresarial/solidário. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica constatou-se que o cisma ocorrido no âmbito do cooperativismo agrícola brasileiro não se deve, como muitos insistem em propagar, a meros objetivos “políticos” partidários e sim, a mobilização e organização de setores da sociedade que, durante o processo de expansão e agigantamento do cooperativismo tradicional acabaram sendo excluídos pelas regras do jogo.
BOTA, FACÃO, CAMISOLA DE DORMIR: CAPITAL, GÊNERO E TRABALHO NO ESPAÇO CANAVIEIRO DE SERGIPE, BRASIL
Authors: Cardoso Victor De Souza , Shimada Shiziele De Oliveira
Published: October 2021

As últimas décadas do século XX, apresentaram alterações no perfil do trabalho a nível mundial através da ampliação do número de mulheres no mundo do trabalho, o que não resultou em melhores condições de trabalho ou na divisão equitativa das tarefas de casa. Diante disso, o presente artigo busca analisar as relações gênero-trabalho e capital-trabalho na produção canavieira sergipana, historicamente desempenhada por homens. Para isso, usamos a pesquisa bibliográfica, as entrevistas e a análise de dados secundários. Como resultado, observou-se o desenvolvimento do processo de pauperização do trabalho canavieiro, tendo os piores efeitos para as mulheres. Nesse contexto, a expulsão de uma parte das trabalhadoras é uma realidade. Para as que ficam resta a adaptação dos seus corpos ao imperativo do lucro do patrão.
Características de la planificación deportiva del ATR para el ciclismo de ruta
Authors: Neme Nova Sergio Alejandro , Dueñas Gómez Yina Carolina , Gutiérrez Gómez Catalina
Published: October 2021

Este artículo realiza una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de establecer qué tanta literatura aporta a una óptima planificación por bloques (ATR) en ciclismo de la modalidad de ruta. Se seleccionaron diez artículos finales para estudiar que cumplían todos los parámetros, de los cuales el 60 % se determinó que aportaban suficiente información para este modelo de planificación. Se discute que, aunque falta más información específica en la modalidad relacionada con el entrenamiento de potencia, se entiende que es debido a que es una metodología que se está utilizando, pero que por lo nueva requiere de más estudios y, por ende, de más relación con los nuevos modelos de planificación.
ГРУПОВІ МІЖОСОБИСТІСНІ СИТУАЦІЇ У ВИХОВНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ
Authors: Бех І. Д.
Published: October 2021

В статті розкривається складна і різновекторна за ідейною спрямованістю архітектоніка, яка створює реальне функціонування малої групи. Тут часто вступають у конкуренцію певні зразки поведінки і міжособистісні взаємини, які детерміновані більш широкою (ніж групова) соціальною ситуацією.

Наголошується на основній потребі зростаючої особистості – потребі у близькій людині, яка може змінюватися у ціннісних показниках залежно від стадії розвитку індивіда.

Педагогові пропонується для розуміння і практичної роботи центральна групова тенденція – дія високого і низького, за якої криється система егоїстичних потягів і в той же час наявні прояви добродійності. Остання передбачає повагу, справедливість, відповідальність особистості, що зростає. Синтез цих чеснот складає Я-духовне особистості, як предмет виховних зусиль протягом усіх освітніх ланок.

З огляду на сказане, пропонується ряд групових поведінкових сюжетів у формі міжособистісних ситуацій, які допоможуть вихователеві більш фахово організовувати виховний процес.

Так, констатується нерівномірність членів групи у особистісному розвитку, взаємини між ними, які часто створюють умови конфронтації. Пропонуються способи їхнього подолання.

Розкриваються обставини самобутності вихованців як особистостей та їхній вплив на загальну групову атмосферу. У цьому зв’язку наголошується на необхідності формування умінь соціальної перцепції, тобто об’єктивного визначення дійсної вихованості того чи іншого ровесника. У цьому ряду розкривається ситуація лідерства думок, коли ініціатива такого лідера одразу не сприймається. Тож потрібен певний час, щоб погляди таких лідерів розділялися більшістю членів групи. Доцільним виявиться розуміння і діяння педагога стосовно осіб з низьким соціальним статусом.

Робиться висновок, згідно з яким за відсутності цілеспрямованого педагогічного керування ціннісно-смисловий шлях групи може значно спотворюватися, обмежуючись лише повідтиненими благодійними надбаннями. У цьому зв’язку корекційну роботу слід організовувати, опираючись на вольовий розвиток вихованців.
Thirty-Year Spatiotemporal Change Record of Sundarban Mangrove Forest in Bangladesh
Authors: Uzzaman KMM , Miah MG , Abdullah HM , Islam MR , Afrad MSI , Hossain MJ
Published: October 2021

Accurate and realistic forest cover change assessment is essential for the conservation and management of the Sundarban mangrove forest of Bangladesh. With these views, an integrated way of the vegetation cover assessment was conducted using time-series Landsat satellite imageries of 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. During the last 30-year (1991-2021), variations in four land cover classes viz. healthy vegetation, unhealthy vegetation, water body, and sandbar were recorded. It showed a decreasing trend of forest vegetation and a subsequent increase of water bodies during the study period. The healthy vegetation and unhealthy vegetation decreased at 1.33 and 1.66%, respectively, whereas water bodies increased 2.55% at the same time. The healthy vegetation consistently decreased over the decades, but unhealthy vegetation decreased during the 2001-2011 period. Conversion from healthy vegetation to unhealthy vegetation and unhealthy vegetation to healthy vegetation during 1991-2001 was similar. Such transform was much higher from unhealthy to healthy vegetation during 2001-2011. Transformation of healthy vegetation to unhealthy vegetation was remarkably higher during the 2011-2021 period. Further continuous change detection and classification algorithm (CCDC) showed a stable pattern over the study period without significant breakpoints. This study reveals the need for regular mangrove forest monitoring. The findings of this study can be used as a reference in the formulation and implementation of sustainable mangrove forest conservation and management.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2): 15-32
Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Varieties under Net Protected Conditions
Authors: Islam MS , Akter A , Akhi MZ , Debnath B
Published: October 2021

An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Horticulture Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh during winter season of 2013-2014 to evaluate growth and yield of sweet pepper varieties under net protected condition. The two-factor experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Three popular sweet pepper varieties viz. BARI Mistimorich-1, California Wonder and Yolo Wonder were grown under three protected systems viz. fine net (120 mesh), coarse net (40 mesh) and open field. Considering the effect of varieties, the highest value for all the parameters viz. fruit length (10.01 cm), fruit diameter (5.90 cm), number of fruits/plant (13.61), fruit yield per plant (0.77 kg), fruit yield (21.31 t/ha) were found in California Wonder followed by BARI Mistimorich-1 and Yolo Wonder. Again, considering the effect of net protection system, maximum values for parameters viz. early flowering, fruit length (10.58 cm), fruit diameter (6.29 cm), number of fruits/ plant (16.14), fruit yield/plant (0.94 kg) and per hectare (26.86 t/ha) were recorded under fine net protection system. Under fine net covering plants produced better quality fruit than open field condition. The earliest flowering (60.67 days), the highest number of fruits per plant (19.18) and the maximum fruit yield (35.71 t/ha) were observed in BARI Mistimorich-1grown under fine net system followed by California Wonder grown under coarse net protected system. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) for fine net (5.28) and coarse net (6.75) protected system were much higher than that of open field (1.64) condition indicating bright future for sweet pepper cultivation under net protected system.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2) : 85-94
Sustainability of Implementing Enterprise Architecture in the Solar Power Generation Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Hindarto Djarot , Indrajit R. Eko , Dazki Erick
Published: October 2021

In recent years, Solar power plants are currently developed rapidly, where solar power plants don't cause environmental damage. This generator utilizes sunlight as its input source which environmentally friendly, when sunlight is converted into direct current and voltage that can be stored in batteries. Therefore, the solar energy industry needs to have high efficiency, competitive pricing, and durability. With the right information technologies and developing application systems, it can help to optimize business processes and integrating information systems. But the fact there are many industries that do not apply information technology correctly into their business. In this research, provide to the best solution for applying the enterprise architecture framework correctly. The purpose of this paper is to design a manufacturing industry information system that is in accordance with the business model canvas and enterprise architecture. The design also discusses the development of a large and integrated information system with other systems. The study of Business Model Canvas is a business model that can explain and focus on nine business aspects with a solid strategy. Studies of the ArchiMate core Framework is the framework used to classify elements of the ArchiMate core language. These two methods are expected to be able to design an enterprise information system architecture consisting of business architecture, application architecture, information architecture and technology architecture as a result of the study. The result is a more complete system design to meet system requirements for users, integrated with existing system modules and no system duplication occurs.
Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Liu Chun-Jen
Published: October 2021

HBV disease is a significant cause of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide.

Mother-to-infant transmission is the main mode of transmission to susceptible subjects, which can be prevented with HBV vaccine alone or in combination with hepatitis B immunoglobulin. This intervention markedly reduces the number of new HBsAg carriers.

For subjects not responding to current HBV vaccines as reflected by an inadequate anti-HBs titer, future generation vaccines incorporating additional vaccine components such as preS1 and preS2 may improve the efficacy of protective antibody production.

Apart from preventative vaccines, future therapeutic vaccines along with current anti-HBV treatment strategies might enhance the rate of functional cures as indicated by the loss of HBsAg.
Analysis of the Influence of Intellectual Capital and Working Capital on Profitability of State-Owned Sharia Commercial Banks
Authors: Rosida Siti Nur , Aisyah Esy Nur
Published: October 2021

State-owned sharia commercial banks are the highest assets of Islamic banking in Indonesia. As a financial institution operating in a country that operates a dual banking system, it is required to compete with conventional banking. Facing fairly fierce competition, Islamic banking is required to manage all its capital to generate profitability. Both non-physical capital, intellectual capital (intellectual capital), knowledge, and physical capital to operate the company, namely working capital. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of intellectual capital and working capital on the projected profitability of Return on Assets (ROA). The research used descriptive statistical method with analysis tools in panel data regression which was processed using Eviews 10 software. Techniques and data used the method of documentation and literature study and sampling with the purposive sampling method so that the number of samples in this study was 72 samples of State-owned Sharia Commercial Banks with quarterly data for the 2015-2020 period. The results obtained indicate that simultaneously the independent variables, namely Intellectual Capital (X1) and Working Capital (X2), have a significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA). The second independent variable can explain the dependent variable by 54.2%, and the remaining 45.8% is another variable that is not included in the model. The study results partially show that Intellectual Capital (X1) has a positive and significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA). However, the Working Capital variable (X2) does not affect the Return on Assets (ROA) of BUMN Commercial Sharia Banks in 2015-2020.
Climate change impacts on pest ecology and risks to pasture resilience
Authors: Mansfield Sarah , Ferguson Colin , Gerard Philippa , Hodges David , Kean John , Phillips Craig , Hardwick Scott , Zydenbos Sue
Published: October 2021

It is well understood that damage by insect pests can have serious consequences for pasture resilience. However, the impacts of climate change on pastoral systems, the responses of insect pests, and implications for pest impact mitigation are unclear. This paper reviews pest responses to climate change, including direct impacts such as temperature and carbon dioxide levels, geographic range expansion, sleeper pests, and outbreaks resulting from disturbance such as drought and farm system changes. The paper concludes with a plea for transdisciplinary research into pasture resilience under climate change that has insect pests as an integral component – not as an afterthought.