bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of molecular and cytogenetic analysis in lipoblastoma: a study of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Choi Jungah , Bouron Dal Soglio Dorothée , Fortier Amanda , Fetni Raouf , Mathonnet Géraldine , Cournoyer Sonia , Lallier Michel , Isler Marc , Beaulieu Bergeron Mélanie , Patey Natalie
Published: October 2013

Aims

Lipoblastoma is a benign neoplasm of embryonic white fat tissue that results from the proliferation of primitive adipocytes, in which histological features can be ambiguous. In order to discriminate between lipoblastoma and other lipogenic and lipomatous tumours, we studied chromosomal alterations and protein expression in two cases of lipoblastoma in infants.

Methods and results

Standard cytogenetic analysis, fluorescencein‐situhybridization, array comparative genomic hybridization and Western blotting allowed us to demonstrate the presence of chromosome abnormalities involving the 8q11–13 region containing the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), which are classically reported in lipoblastoma, and aberrant expression ofPLAG1.

Conclusions

This report illustrates two different tumorigenic pathways implicatingPLAG1in lipoblastoma: amplification through multiple copies of a small marker chromosome derived from chromosome 8, and a paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 8. Both these anomalies induced aberrant expression ofPLAG1, emphasizing the role ofPLAG1in tumorigenesis. The aberrant expression ofPLAG1 protein has been hypothesized, but this is the first report to demonstrate its occurrence in lipoblastoma.
Reducing Recurrent Stroke: Methodology of the Motivational Interviewing in Stroke (MIST) Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Krishnamurthi Rita , Witt Emma , Barker-Collo Suzanne , McPherson Kathryn , Davis-Martin Kelly , Bennett Derrick , Rush Elaine , Suh Flora , Starkey Nicola , Parag Varsha , Rathnasabapathy Yogini , Jones Amy , Brown Paul , Ao Braden Te , Feigin Valery L.
Published: October 2013

Rationale

Recurrent stroke is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, contributing significantly to disability and death. Recurrent stroke rates can be reduced by adequate risk factor management. However, adherence to prescribed medications and lifestyle changes recommended by physicians at discharge after stroke is poor, leading to a large number of preventable recurrent strokes. Using behavior change methods such as Motivational Interviewing early after stroke occurrence has the potential to prevent recurrent stroke.

Aims and/or hypothesis

The overall aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in improving adherence to medication and lifestyle changes recommended by treating physicians at and after hospital discharge in stroke patients 12 months poststroke to reduce risk factors for recurrent stroke.

Design

Recruitment of 430 first-ever stroke participants will occur in the Auckland and Waikato regions. Randomization will be to intervention or usual care groups. Participants randomized to intervention will receive four motivational interviews and five follow-up assessments over 12 months. Nonintervention participants will be assessed at the same time points.

Study outcomes

Primary outcome measures are changes in systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein levels 12 months poststroke. Secondary outcomes include self-reported adherence and barriers to prescribed medications, new cardiovascular events (including stroke), changes in quality of life, and mood.

Discussion

The results of the motivational interviewing in stroke trial will add to our understanding of whether motivational interviewing may be potentially beneficial in the management of stroke and other diseases where similar lifestyle factors or medication adherence are relevant.
De novo characterization of the Dialeurodes citri transcriptome: mining genes involved in stress resistance and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) discovery
Authors: Chen E‐H. , Wei D‐D. , Shen G‐M. , Yuan G‐R. , Bai P‐P. , Wang J‐J.
Published: October 2013

The citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), is one of the three economically important whitefly species that infest citrus plants around the world; however, limited genetic research has been focused on D. citri, partly because of lack of genomic resources. In this study, we performed de novo assembly of a transcriptome using Illumina paired‐end sequencing technology (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). In total, 36 766 unigenes with a mean length of 497 bp were identified. Of these unigenes, we identified 17 788 matched known proteins in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, as determined by Blast search, with 5731, 4850 and 14 441 unigenes assigned to clusters of orthologous groups (COG), gene ontology (GO), and SwissProt, respectively. In total, 7507 unigenes were assigned to 308 known pathways. In‐depth analysis of the data showed that 117 unigenes were identified as potentially involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and 67 heat shock protein (Hsp) genes were associated with environmental stress. In addition, these enzymes were searched against the GO and COG database, and the results showed that the three major detoxification enzymes and Hsps were classified into 18 and 3, 6, and 8 annotations, respectively. In addition, 149 simple sequence repeats were detected. The results facilitate the investigation of molecular resistance mechanisms to insecticides and environmental stress, and contribute to molecular marker development. The findings greatly improve our genetic understanding of D. citri, and lay the foundation for future functional genomics studies on this species.
CD4+ NKG2D+T cells induce NKG2D down‐regulation in natural killer cells in CD86‐RAE‐1ε transgenic mice
Authors: Lin Zhijie , Wang Changrong , Xia Haizui , Liu Weiguang , Xiao Weiming , Qian Li , Jia Xiaoqin , Ding Yanbing , Ji Mingchun , Gong Weijuan
Published: October 2013

The binding of NKG2D to its ligands strengthens the cross‐talk between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells, particularly at early stages, before the initiation of the adaptive immune response. We found that retinoic acid early transcript‐1ε (RAE‐1ε), one of the ligands of NKG2D, was persistently expressed on antigen‐presenting cells in a transgenic mouse model (pCD86‐RAE‐1ε). By contrast, NKG2D expression on NK cells, NKG2D‐dependent cytotoxicity and tumour rejection, and dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis were all down‐regulated in this mouse model. The down‐regulation of NKG2D on NK cells was reversed by stimulation with poly (I:C). The ectopic expression of RAE‐1ε on dendritic cells maintained NKG2D expression levels and stimulated the activity of NK cells ex vivo, but the higher frequency of CD4+ NKG2D+ T cells in transgenic mice led to the down‐regulation of NKG2D on NK cells in vivo. Hence, high levels of RAE‐1ε expression on antigen‐presenting cells would be expected to induce the down‐regulation of NK cell activation by a regulatory T‐cell subset.
An extended Akers graphical method with a biased random‐key genetic algorithm for job‐shop scheduling
Authors: Gonçalves José Fernando , Resende Mauricio G. C.
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a local search, based on a new neighborhood for the job‐shop scheduling problem, and its application within a biased random‐key genetic algorithm. Schedules are constructed by decoding the chromosome supplied by the genetic algorithm with a procedure that generates active schedules. After an initial schedule is obtained, a local search heuristic, based on an extension of the graphical method of Akers, is applied to improve the solution. The new heuristic is tested on a set of 205 standard instances taken from the job‐shop scheduling literature and compared with results obtained by other approaches. The new algorithm improved the best‐known solution values for 57 instances.
Clinical outcome of 42 dogs with scapular tumors treated by scapulectomy: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology (VSSO) retrospective study (1995–2010)
Authors: Montinaro Vincenzo , Boston Sarah E. , Buracco Paolo , Culp William T.N. , Romanelli Giorgio , Straw Rod , Ryan Stewart
Published: October 2013

Objective

To report signalment, clinical signs, preoperative staging tests, histologic diagnosis, surgical, and oncologic outcomes including postoperative limb use, in dogs with scapular tumors treated by scapulectomy.

Study Design

Retrospective case series

Animals

Dogs (n = 42) with scapular tumors.

Methods

Medical records (1995–2010) from 6 hospitals were searched for dogs with scapular tumors treated by scapulectomy. Data retrieved were: signalment, weight, percentage of scapula removed, histologic diagnosis, postoperative limb use, adjunctive therapy, disease free interval (DFI), and survival time (ST). Individual variables were modeled with a Cox proportional hazard model accounting for censoring to determine risk factors for decreased DFI and ST. For categorical variables, Kaplan–Meier survival plots as well as mean and median survival times (MSTs) were calculated.

Results

Subtotal scapulectomy was performed in 18 dogs (42.9%). Osteosarcoma (OSA) was diagnosed in 27 dogs (64.3%). Limb use was evaluated immediately after surgery in 41 dogs. Information on limb use at other times (1, 2, 3, and >3 months) postoperatively was also available for some dogs and was good to excellent overall. Only adjunctive chemotherapy had a positive significant effect on DFI (P = .00011) and ST (P = .0003).

Conclusion

Canine scapular tumors can be treated effectively by scapulectomy and limb use is fair to excellent for most dogs. OSA was the most common scapular tumor. Overall prognosis for scapular OSA is similar to appendicular OSA at other sites and use of adjunctive chemotherapy prolonged the overall DFI and MST.
NANCY TAPPER, Bartered Brides: Politics, Gender and Marriage in an Afghan Tribal Society
Authors: DAYLE JUTTA B.
Published: October 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

ALAN DUBEN and CEM BEHAR, Istanbul Households: Marriage, Family and Fertility, 1880–1940
A test of the vulnerability model: temperament and temperament change as predictors of future mental disorders – the TRAILS study
Authors: Laceulle Odilia M. , Ormel Johan , Vollebergh Wilma A. M. , van Aken Marcel A.G. , Nederhof Esther
Published: October 2013

Background

This study aimed to test the vulnerability model of the relationship between temperament and mental disorders using a large sample of adolescents from the TRacking Adolescents Individual Lives' Survey (TRAILS). The vulnerability model argues that particular temperaments can place individuals at risk for the development of mental health problems. Importantly, the model may imply that not only baseline temperament predicts mental health problems prospectively, but additionally, that changes in temperament predict corresponding changes in risk for mental health problems.

Methods

Data were used from 1195 TRAILS participants. Adolescent temperament was assessed both at age 11 and at age 16. Onset of mental disorders between age 16 and 19 was assessed at age 19, by means of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO CIDI).

Results

Results showed that temperament at age 11 predicted future mental disorders, thereby providing support for the vulnerability model. Moreover, temperament change predicted future mental disorders above and beyond the effect of basal temperament. For example, an increase in frustration increased the risk of mental disorders proportionally.

Conclusion

This study confirms, and extends, the vulnerability model. Consequences of both temperament and temperament change were general (e.g., changes in frustration predicted both internalizing and externalizing disorders) as well as dimension specific (e.g., changes in fear predicted internalizing but not externalizing disorders). These findings confirm previous studies, which showed that mental disorders have both unique and shared underlying temperamental risk factors.
The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group
Authors: Mehta Monaz
Published: October 2013

The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group produces up‐to‐date systematic reviews of interventions for the cessation and prevention of tobacco use. Many of our Cochrane Reviews have also been published in scientific journals. Our review prioritization schedule is informed by our group's experience and expertise as well as identifying topics for reviews via regular searches of current scientific literature and from other news sources, such as the Action on Smoking and Health updates. The Cochrane Register of Studies allows identification of new trials, which might be eligible for review updates. Everyday challenges include timely publishing and updating of our reviews, and ensuring compliance to Cochrane methodological expectations of Cochrane intervention review standards. We are grateful for the contributions of our authors and peer reviewers, with whom we aim to have close working and productive relationships. We look forward to continuing our contribution toward a reliable evidence base on interventions to combat tobacco addiction.
Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group: leading the field on health communication evidence
Authors: Prictor Megan , Hill Sophie
Published: October 2013

This paper presents an overview of the history and achievements of the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group, part of the international Cochrane Collaboration. It surveys the Group's establishment and structure, the scope of its Cochrane Reviews and the growth in its publication output over its 16‐year history. The paper examines the Group's developmental work in interventions and outcomes related to patient communication and involvement, as well as methodological resources for review authors. It also outlines the Review Group's research partnerships with state, national and international agencies, particularly in the areas of chronic disease management, medicines use, public involvement, and vaccines communication. The Group's strong contribution to an evidence‐base for health communication and participation are acknowledged.
Cochrane systematic reviews in the field of addiction: past and future
Authors: Amato Laura , Mitrova Zuzana , Davoli Marina ,   Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group
Published: October 2013

Background and Objective

The Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group aims to produce, update, and disseminate systematic reviews on the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of problematic drug and alcohol use. This paper describes what the Group has done since the 1990s to produce evidence to guide policy, practice, and research.

Method

We analyze the coverage of topics by our reviews, the body of studies they have included, and the evidence produced.

Results

By July 2013, the Group had published 67 reviews, with 376 authors from 25 different countries. These reviews included 906 studies, of 3061 studies considered for inclusion. Most (90%) included studies were randomized trials. Considering the ‘Implications for practice’ section of each review, 41% interventions were classified as ‘do it’, 15% as ‘do not do’, and 44% as ‘do only in research’. These proportions varied according to the type of substance of abuse studied. The proportion of ‘do it’ interventions were 46% for alcohol, 40% for opioids, 20% for psychostimulants, 40% for polydrugs, and 62% for prevention.

Conclusion

Cochrane Reviews produced by the Drugs and Alcohol Group provide evidence on the effectiveness of several interventions, and identify areas of uncertainty where new research is needed.
Genetic characterization of a betanodavirus isolated from a clinical disease outbreak in farm‐raised tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Thailand
Authors: Keawcharoen J , Techangamsuwan S , Ponpornpisit A , Lombardini E D , Patchimasiri T , Pirarat N
Published: October 2013

Betanodavirus infection was diagnosed in larvae of farm‐raised tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in central Thailand. Extensive vacuolar degeneration and neuronal necrosis were observed in histological sections with positive immunohistochemical staining for betanodavirus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the nucleotide sequences (1333 bases) of the capsid protein gene. The virus strain was highly homologous (93.07–93.88%) and closely related to red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV).
High‐Intensity Progressive Resistance Training Improves Flat‐Ground Walking in Older Adults with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Parmenter Belinda J. , Raymond Jacqueline , Dinnen Paul , Lusby Robert J. , Fiatarone Singh Maria A.
Published: October 2013

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of whole‐body progressive resistance training (PRT) as a treatment for the symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in older adults.

Design

Randomized controlled pilot trial.

Setting

University clinical weight training facility in Sydney, Australia.

Participants

Twenty‐two older adults with symptomatic PAD.

Interventions

The efficacy of supervised whole‐body high‐intensity PRT (H‐PRT) with low‐intensity nonprogressive resistance training (L‐RT) and a usual care control group that performed unsupervised walking for 6 months was compared.

Measurements

Pilot outcome measures included 6‐minute walk (6 MW) outcomes, body composition, dynamic muscle strength and endurance, and performance‐based tests of function.

Results

Mean age was 71.1 ± 7.2. Mean ankle brachial index was 0.55 ± 0.13. Exercise adherence was similar in all groups (P = .29). H‐PRT (n = 8) improved total 6MW distance (mean difference (MD) 62.6 ± 58.0 m, P = .02) significantly more than L‐RT (n = 7; MD=−48.2 ± 67.6 m) and controls (n = 7; MD=−9.9 ± 52.9 m). Change in 6MW onset of claudication was significantly and independently related to change in bilateral calf endurance (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.65, P = .03), and change in 6MW distance was significantly and independently related to change in bilateral hip extensor endurance (r = 0.71, P = .02) in all groups.

Conclusion

H‐PRT significantly improved 6MW ability in older adults with intermittent claudication from PAD, whereas L‐RT and unsupervised walking did not. Improvement in walking ability was significantly related to improvements in bilateral calf and hip extensor endurance, supporting further investigations targeted at musculoskeletal impairment in this cohort.
Changes in Physical Performance in Older Women According to Presence and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Christine G. , Schwartz Ann V. , Yaffe Kristine , Hillier Teresa A. , LeBlanc Erin S. , Cawthon Peggy M. ,   the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group
Published: October 2013

Objectives

To determine whether older women with diabetes mellitus have a greater longitudinal decline in physical performance than those without and whether any decline differs according to insulin sensitizer use.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Portland, Oregon; and the Monongahela, Pennsylvania.

Participants

Community‐dwelling women (mean age 78.5 ± 3.6) enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures in 1997–98 and restudied 4.9 ± 0.6 years later (N = 2,864).

Measurements

Women were categorized as having no diabetes mellitus (n = 2,680) or having diabetes mellitus (n = 184). A prescription medication inventory was used to determine use of insulin sensitizers (metformin and thiazolidinedione). The outcomes were longitudinal changes in physical performance measures, including grip strength, usual walk speed, and rapid walk speed.

Results

Estimates from fully adjusted models showed that women with diabetes mellitus had greater declines in usual walk speed (−0.16 m/s, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.19 to −0.14) and rapid walk speed (−0.21 m/s, 95% CI = −0.24 to −0.17) than those without (usual walk speed −0.11 m/s, 95% CI = −0.12 to −0.11, P < .001; rapid walk speed −0.15 m/s, 95% CI = −0.16 to −0.14; P = .005). Women with diabetes mellitus taking insulin sensitizers had less decline in usual walk speed than those not taking insulin sensitizers (P < .001). Declines in grip strength did not differ significantly by diabetes mellitus status or insulin sensitizer use.

Conclusion

Older women with diabetes mellitus have a greater decline in walk speed, but not grip strength, than older women without diabetes mellitus. Clinical studies in older adults to determine whether diabetes mellitus treatments such as insulin sensitizers can prevent loss in walk speed and mobility are needed.
Motor Learning Versus Standard Walking Exercise in Older Adults with Subclinical Gait Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Brach Jennifer S. , Van Swearingen Jessie M. , Perera Subashan , Wert David M. , Studenski Stephanie
Published: October 2013

Objectives

To compare the effect of motor learning with that of standard exercise on measures of mobility and perceived function and disability.

Design

Single‐blind randomized trial.

Setting

University research center.

Participants

Older adults (n = 40) with a mean age of 77.1 ± 6.0, normal walking speed (≥1.0 m/s), and impaired motor skills (Figure of 8 walk time >8 seconds).

Interventions

The motor learning program incorporated goal‐oriented stepping and walking to promote timing and coordination within the phases of the gait cycle. The standard program employed endurance training by treadmill walking. Both included strength training and were offered twice weekly for 1 hour for 12 weeks.

Measurements

Primary outcomes were mobility performance (gait efficiency, motor skill in walking, gait speed, walking endurance); secondary outcomes were perceived function and disability (Late‐Life Function and Disability Instrument).

Results

Thirty‐eight of 40 participants completed the trial (motor learning, n = 18; standard, n = 20). The motor learning group improved more than the standard group in gait speed (0.13 vs 0.05 m/s, P = .008) and motor skill (−2.2 vs −0.89 seconds, P < .001). Both groups improved in walking endurance (28.3 and 22.9 m, P = .14). Changes in gait efficiency and perceived function and disability were not different between the groups (P > .10).

Conclusion

In older adults with subclinical gait dysfunction, motor learning exercise improved some parameters of mobility performance more than standard exercise.
Implementing an Evidence‐Based Fall Prevention Program in an Outpatient Clinical Setting
Authors: Li Fuzhong , Harmer Peter , Stock Ronald , Fitzgerald Kathleen , Stevens Judy , Gladieux Michele , Chou Li‐Shan , Carp Kenji , Voit Jan
Published: October 2013

Objectives

To investigate the dissemination potential of a Tai Ji Quan–based program, previously shown to be efficacious for reducing risk of falls in older adults, through outpatient clinical settings.

Design

A single‐group pre/post design in which participants attended a twice‐weekly Tai Ji Quan training program for 24 weeks.

Setting

Communities in Lane County, Oregon.

Participants

Independently living individuals (N = 379) aged 65 and older.

Measurements

Using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework, the primary outcome was the proportion of participating healthcare providers who made referrals. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of referred individuals agreeing to participate and enrolling in the program, and measures of program implementation, maintenance, and effectiveness (on measures of falls, balance, gait, physical performance, and balance efficacy).

Results

Of the 252 providers invited to participate, 157 made referrals (62% adoption rate). Of 564 individuals referred, 379 (67% reach) enrolled in the program, which was successfully implemented in senior and community centers with good fidelity, 283 completed the program (75% retention), and 212 of these attended 75% or more of the 48 sessions. Participants reported a reduction in falls, with an incidence rate of 0.13 falls per person‐month, and showed significant improvement from baseline in all outcome measures. A 3‐month postintervention follow‐up indicated encouraging levels of program maintenance among providers, participants, and community centers.

Conclusion

Healthcare providers successfully implemented a protocol to refer individuals at risk of falling to a Tai Ji Quan–based program. The evidence‐based program appears readily scalable and exportable, with potential for substantial clinical and public health effect.
High‐Intensity Telemedicine‐Enhanced Acute Care for Older Adults: An Innovative Healthcare Delivery Model
Authors: Shah Manish N. , Gillespie Suzanne M. , Wood Nancy , Wasserman Erin B. , Nelson Dallas L. , Dozier Ann , McConnochie Kenneth M.
Published: October 2013

Accessing timely acute medical care is a challenge for older adults. This article describes an innovative healthcare model that uses high‐intensity telemedicine services to provide rapid acute care for older adults without requiring them to leave their senior living community (SLC) residences. This program, based in a primary care geriatrics practice that cares for SLC residents, is designed to offer acute care through telemedicine for complaints that are felt to need attention before the next available outpatient visit but not to require emergency department (ED) resources. This option gives residents access to care in their residence. Measures used to evaluate the program include successful completion of telemedicine visits, satisfaction of residents and caregivers with telemedicine care, and site of care that would have been recommended had telemedicine been unavailable. During the first 2 years of the program's operation, 281 of 301 requested telemedicine visits were completed successfully. Twelve residents were sent to an ED for care after the telemedicine visit. Ninety‐four percent of residents reported being satisfied or very satisfied with telemedicine care. Had telemedicine not been available, residents would have been sent to an ED (48.1%) or urgent care center (27.0%) or been scheduled for an outpatient visit (24.4%). The project demonstrated that high‐intensity telemedicine services for acute illnesses are feasible and acceptable and can provide definitive care without requiring ED or urgent care use. Continuation of the program will require evaluation demonstrating equal or better resident‐level outcomes and the development of sustainable business models.
BAK1 Directly Regulates Brassinosteroid Perception and BRI1 Activation
Authors: He Kai , Xu Shengbao , Li Jia
Published: October 2013

Plants utilize plasma membrane‐localized receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) to sense extracellular signals to coordinate growth, development, and innate immune responses. BAK1 regulates multiple signaling pathways acting as a co‐receptor of several distinct ligand‐binding RLKs. It has been debated whether BAK1 serves as an essential regulatory component or only a signal amplifier without pathway specificity. This issue has been clarified recently. Genetic and structural analyses indicated that BAK1 and its homologs play indispensible roles in mediating brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway by directly perceiving the ligand BR and activating the receptor of BR, BRI1. The mechanism revealed by these studies now serves as a paradigm for how a pair of RLKs can function together in ligand binding and subsequent initiation of signaling.

image

Jia Li (Corresponding author)
Applying the job demands–resources model to migrant workers: Exploring how and when geographical distance increases quit propensity
Authors: Qin Xin , Hom Peter , Xu Minya , Ju Dong
Published: October 2013

We extend the job demands–resources model to explain how and when rural migrants who work far from their families and provincial hometowns are more likely to leave jobs. Through two studies, we found that the geographical distance between employees' workplace and home village, representing a proxy for a wide range of migration demands and resources, may engender higher turnover intentions under some conditions. Specifically, employees' psychological contract fulfilment diminished positive associations between geographical distance and turnover intentions. Moreover, we demonstrated emotional exhaustion as an explanatory mechanism underlying the relationship between geographical distance and turnover intentions. Our investigation thus yielded greater insight into rural migrants' quit propensity by identifying geographical distance (a proxy for migration‐based demands and resources) as a key driver whose influence is mediated by emotional exhaustion and moderated by psychological contract fulfilment.

Practitioner points

Proposed and found that geographical distance between migrants' workplace and hometown was a proxy for various (increased) demands and (decreased) resources that are intrinsically tied to employment location rather than job content. Through increasing emotional exhaustion, geographical distance may lead to high turnover intentions among workers under certain conditions (i.e., when psychological contract was violated).

When export‐processing zones organizations consider keeping employees, they must address how long geographical distance from home can exhaust migrants' mental and physical resources and therefore engender turnover through energy depletion (i.e., a state of exhaustion). Provided that geographical distance is an unavoidable problem for organizations, firms can lessen the psychological and family costs of geographical distance through certain ways. Specifically, organizations can better fulfil psychological contracts, which can increase emotional attachment to organizations and thus lessen emotional exhaustion due to long family separations.
Consumer Perception of Dry‐Cured Ham – A Cross‐Cultural Study in Italy, Norway and Spain
Authors: Hersleth Margrethe , Næs Tormod , Guerrero Luis , Claret Anna , Recchia Annamaria , Dinnella Caterina , Monteleone Erminio
Published: October 2013

The main aim of this study was to explore Italian, Norwegian and Spanish consumers' sensory perception of dry‐cured ham. Six samples of dry‐cured ham, two Italian, two Norwegian and two Spanish, were profiled by trained panels in the three countries. Consumer samples of 30 respondents in each country elicited sensory descriptors for the six hams and subsequently rated the intensity of individual descriptors. Perceptual consensus product maps were derived from the Generalized Procrustes Analysis.

Results revealed that all the four sensory modalities are important for the perception of dry‐cured ham and demonstrated a relatively large variation in vocabulary used for sensory description of hams in the three countries. Because of less familiarity with dry‐cured ham and a different eating culture, Norwegian consumers have a relatively limited vocabulary and do not agree well on the concepts for given descriptors. Attributes that were most frequently used across panels and countries were: red color, marbling, ripe/cured flavor and odor, saltiness, sweetness, firmness and tenderness.

Practical Applications

Food preferences and description of sensory properties in foods vary across cultures. Considering the global character of today's food market, it is crucial for the food industry to use proper and meaningful words to communicate their products. Moreover, communication of sensory product attributes to consumers creates both sensory‐based and hedonic‐based expectations to the sensory quality. It is essential that these expectations are met during consumers eating experience.

Finding in this study demonstrate a relatively large variation in vocabulary used for description of dry‐cured ham in Norway, Italy and Spain. This is mainly due to differences in familiarity with the product and different cultural eating experiences. Accordingly, it is important to tailor the communication of products according to the relevant consumer segment.
Priming effects under continuous flash suppression: An examination on subliminal bottom‐up processing
Authors: Kido Kaede , Makioka Shogo
Published: October 2013

Binocular rivalry is a bistable perception that occurs when two dissimilar stimuli are presented to each eye. Recent studies have demonstrated that the reaction time to target words under binocular rivalry was shortened when semantically related prime words were presented supraliminally (Costello, Jiang, Baartman, McGlennen, & He, 2009). We investigated whether three types of priming (repetition, semantic, and cross‐script) occurred from the prime words presented under binocular rivalry, by using continuous flash suppression paradigm (Tsuchiya, Koch, Gilroy, & Blake, 2006). The prime words presented to the suppressed eye invoked repetition and cross‐script priming, but not semantic priming. The results suggested that the stimuli presented to the suppressed eye underwent shape and phonological level processing, but not semantic level processing.
Number processing of Arabic and Hebrew bilinguals: Evidence supporting the distance effect
Authors: Ganayim Deia , Ibrahim Raphiq
Published: October 2013

In the current study, a direct assessment of the effect of language lexical‐syntactic structure and magnitude semantic access on numerical processing was made by contrasting the performance of Arabic/Hebrew bilinguals in a digital (Hindi‐digits/Arabic‐digits) and verbal numerical comparison task (Arabic, an inverted language: Units‐Decades, Hebrew, a non‐inverted language: Decades‐Units). Our data revealed in the digital presentation format (Experiment 1) a regular distance effect in Arabic language‐Hindi digits and Hebrew language‐Arabic digits, characterized by an inverse relation between reaction times and numerical distance with no difference in the mean reaction times of participants in Arabic‐L1 and Hebrew‐L2. This indicates that both lexical digits of two‐digit numbers in L1 and L2 are similarly processed and semantically accessed. However in the verbal presentation format (Experiment 2) a similar pattern of distance effect was found, but the mean reaction times in Arabic were lower than in Hebrew in each numerical distance. This indicates that the processing of two‐digit number words in L1 and L2 is semantically accessed and determined by the syntactic structure of each language.
Investigation of prognostic indicators for human uveal melanoma as biomarkers of canine uveal melanoma metastasis
Authors: Malho P. , Dunn K. , Donaldson D. , Dubielzig R. R. , Birand Z. , Starkey M.
Published: October 2013

Objective

To evaluate if 14 genes that discriminate metastasising and non‐metastasising human uveal melanomas can differentiate metastasising and non‐metastasising uveal melanomas in dogs.

Methods

Nineteen archival biopsies of eyes with a histopathological classification of primary benign (n = 9) and malignant (n = 10) uveal melanoma were selected. Thoracic and/or abdominal metastases confirmed metastatic spread of the primary tumour in seven dogs during the follow‐up period. Gene expression was assayed by Reverse Transcription‐quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Genes displaying statistically significant differences in expression between the metastasising and non‐metastasising tumours were identified.

Results

Four genes (HTR2B, FXR1, LTA4H and CDH1) demonstrated increased expression in the metastasising uveal melanomas.

Clinical Significance

This preliminary study illustrates the potential utility of gene expression markers for predicting canine uveal melanoma metastasis. The genes displaying elevated expression in the metastasising tumours are part of a 12‐discriminating gene set used in a routine assay, performed on fine needle aspirate biopsies collected without enucleation, for predicting human uveal melanoma metastasis. Further work is required to validate the results.
Correlates of Men's Sexual Interest: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Carvalheira Ana , Træen Bente , Štulhofer Aleksandar
Published: October 2013

Introduction

Low sexual desire has been studied more extensively in women than in men.

Aim

The study aims to analyze the correlates of distressing lack of sexual interest and the self-assessed reasons for the lack of sexual interest among heterosexual men from three countries.

Methods

A web-based survey was completed by 5,255 men aged 18–75 years from Portugal, Croatia, and Norway.

Main Outcome Measures

We used an item that assesses lack of sexual interest from the British NATSAL 2000. Anxiety and depression were measured with the SCL-ANX4 and SCL-DEP6. Relationship intimacy was measured using a five-item version of the Emotional Intimacy Scale. A shortened version of the Sexual Boredom Scale was used to assess proneness to sexual boredom in relation to the duration of relationship, and personal distress was evaluated using an item created for this study.

Results

Distressing lack of sexual interest lasting at least 2 months in the previous year was reported by 14.4% of the participants. The most prevalent comorbidity among these men was erectile difficulty (48.7%). Men with low confidence levels in erectile function, not feeling attracted to the partner, and those in long-term relationships were more likely to have experienced lack of sexual interest than were men with high confidence levels and those who felt attracted to their partner and those in shorter-term relationships. Professional stress was the most frequently reported reason for lack of sexual interest. Sexual boredom as a result of a long-term relationship was significantly and negatively correlated with the level of intimacy (r = −0.351, P < 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (r = −0.497, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Distressing lack of sexual interest in heterosexual men was associated with a number of intrapersonal (self-confidence in erectile function, stress), interpersonal (relationship duration, partner attractiveness), and sociocultural variables.
Trussht me, I know what I sshaw: The acceptance of misinformation from an apparently unreliable co‐witness
Authors: Zajac Rachel , Dickson Jake , Munn Robert , O'Neill Sarah
Published: October 2013

Purpose

We used apparent co‐witness intoxication as a way to examine the effect of source credibility on the acceptance of misinformation from a co‐witness.

Methods

Alongside an experimental confederate, individual participants (N = 100) watched a clip involving two simulated thefts. Immediately beforehand, half of the participants watched the confederate consume what appeared to be three alcoholic beverages. During a subsequent discussion with the participant, the confederate introduced two pieces of misinformation about the clip. In the absence of the confederate, participants were then interviewed before completing a target‐absent line‐up task.

Results

As expected, misinformation impaired participants’ verbal reports, and misinformation about appearance impaired line‐up performance. Overall susceptibility to misinformation was not significantly related to co‐witness condition, or to participants’ ratings of the confederate's intoxication or ability to accurately complete the tasks. On individual items, however, co‐witness condition appeared to exert some influence on misinformation acceptance if the participant's pre‐misinformation response was discrepant with the misinformation, but not when it was ‘don't know’.

Conclusions

It is possible that effects of source credibility on misinformation acceptance may depend, at least to some extent, on the presence of a clear discrepancy between the misinformation and the witness's recollection.
Tension‐Free Vaginal Tape‐SECUR Procedure for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: 3‐Year Follow‐Up Results
Authors: LEE Ha Na , LEE Sin‐Woo , LEE Young‐Suk , LEE Seo Yeon , LEE Kyu‐Sung
Published: October 2013

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and complications associated with the use of the tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT)‐Secur system device for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) based on a 3‐year follow‐up.

Methods

Women with SUI were randomly allocated to either the U‐ or H‐type groups depending on the TVT‐Secur approach used. Patients were questioned about continence and satisfaction 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. Patients were assessed postoperatively by questionnaires including Sandvik, Incontinence Quality of Life (I‐QoL), Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms‐Scored Form (BF‐LUTS), incontinence visual analogue scale (I‐VAS), and benefit, satisfaction, and willingness to continue questionnaire. Cure was regarded as no leakage on the Sandvik questionnaire.

Results

A total of 115 patients with SUI were included in this study (U‐type: 53, H‐type: 62). A total of 102 patients were followed‐up for 3 years (U‐type: 47, H‐type: 55). The overall cure rate at the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year follow‐ups was 87.8, 83.0, and 79.4%, respectively, and there was no difference in the cure rate between the U‐and H‐type approaches. Approximately 83.4 and 83.3% of patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome at the 1‐ and 3‐year follow‐ups. I‐QoL, BFLUTS‐SF, and I‐VAS were improved from baseline regardless of the approach used at the 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐ups. Complications included intraoperative vaginal wall perforation (three cases), voiding difficulties such as immediate postoperative retention, and urgency episodes.

Conclusions

Both U‐ and H‐type approaches of TVT‐Secur for the treatment of female SUI remains efficacious, safe, and satisfactory for up to 3 years after surgery.
The Wabar impact craters, Saudi Arabia, revisited
Authors: Gnos E. , Hofmann B. A. , Halawani M. A. , Tarabulsi Y. , Hakeem M. , Al Shanti M. , Greber N. D. , Holm S. , Alwmark C. , Greenwood R. C. , Ramseyer K.
Published: October 2013

The very young Wabar craters formed by impact of an iron meteorite and are known to the scientific community since 1933. We describe field observations made during a visit to the Wabar impact site, provide analytical data on the material collected, and combine these data with poorly known information discovered during the recovery of the largest meteorites. During our visit in March 2008, only two craters (Philby‐B and 11 m) were visible; Philby‐A was completely covered by sand. Mapping of the ejecta field showed that the outcrops are strongly changing over time. Combining information from different visitors with our own and satellite images, we estimate that the large seif dunes over the impact site migrate by approximately 1.0–2.0 m yr−1 southward. Shock lithification took place even at the smallest, 11 m crater, but planar fractures (PFs) and undecorated planar deformation features (PDFs), as well as coesite and stishovite, have only been found in shock‐lithified material from the two larger craters. Shock‐lithified dune sand material shows perfectly preserved sedimentary structures including cross‐bedding and animal burrows as well as postimpact structures such as open fractures perpendicular to the bedding, slickensides, and radiating striation resembling shatter cones. The composition of all impact melt glasses can be explained as mixtures of aeolian sand and iron meteorite. We observed a partial decoupling of Fe and Ni in the black impact glass, probably due to partitioning of Ni into unoxidized metal droplets. The absence of a Ca‐enriched component demonstrates that the craters did not penetrate the bedrock below the sand sheet, which has an estimated thickness of 20–30 m.
Environmental harshness is positively correlated with intraspecific divergence in mammals and birds
Authors: Botero Carlos A. , Dor Roi , McCain Christy M. , Safran Rebecca J.
Published: October 2013

Life on Earth is conspicuously more diverse in the tropics. Although this intriguing geographical pattern has been linked to many biotic and abiotic factors, their relative importance and potential interactions are still poorly understood. The way in which latitudinal changes in ecological conditions influence evolutionary processes is particularly controversial, as there is evidence for both a positive and a negative latitudinal gradient in speciation rates. Here, we identify and address some methodological issues (how patterns are analysed and how latitude is quantified) that could lead to such conflicting results. To address these issues, we assemble a comprehensive data set of the environmental correlates of latitude (including climate, net primary productivity and habitat heterogeneity) and combine it with biological, historical and molecular data to explore global patterns in recent divergence events (subspeciation). Surprisingly, we find that the harsher conditions that typify temperate habitats (lower primary productivity, decreased rainfall and more variable and unpredictable temperatures) are positively correlated with greater subspecies richness in terrestrial mammals and birds. Thus, our findings indicate that intraspecific divergence is greater in regions with lower biodiversity, a pattern that is robust to both sampling variation and latitudinal biases in taxonomic knowledge. We discuss possible causal mechanisms for the link between environmental harshness and subspecies richness (faster rates of evolution, greater likelihood of range discontinuities and more opportunities for divergence) and conclude that this pattern supports recent indications that latitudinal gradients of diversity are maintained by simultaneously higher potentials for both speciation and extinction in temperate than tropical regions.
Stable micron‐scale holes are a general feature of canonical holins
Authors: Savva Christos G. , Dewey Jill S. , Moussa Samir H. , To Kam H. , Holzenburg Andreas , Young Ry
Published: October 2013

At a programmed time in phage infection cycles, canonical holins suddenly trigger to cause lethal damage to the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the cessation of respiration and the non‐specific release of pre‐folded, fully active endolysins to the periplasm. For the paradigm holin S105 of lambda, triggering is correlated with the formation of micron‐scale membrane holes, visible as interruptions in the bilayer in cryo‐electron microscopic images and tomographic reconstructions. Here we report that the size distribution of the holes is stable for long periods after triggering. Moreover, early triggering caused by an early lysis allele of S105 formed approximately the same number of holes, but the lesions were significantly smaller. In contrast, early triggering prematurely induced by energy poisons resulted in many fewer visible holes, consistent with previous sizing studies. Importantly, the unrelated canonical holins P2 Y and T4 T were found to cause the formation of holes of approximately the same size and number as for lambda. In contrast, no such lesions were visible after triggering of the pinholin S2168. These results generalize the hole formation phenomenon for canonical holins. A model is presented suggesting the unprecedentedly large size of these holes is related to the timing mechanism.
Alemtuzumab induction with tacrolimus monotherapy in 25 pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Sung Jennifer , Barry John M. , Jenkins Randy , Rozansky David , Iragorri Sandra , Conlin Michael , Al‐Uzri Amira
Published: October 2013

ALA induction in transplantation has been shown to reduce the need for maintenance immunosuppression. We report the outcome of 25 pediatric renal transplants between 2007 and 2010 using ALA induction followed by tacrolimus maintenance monotherapy. Patient ages were 1–19 yr (mean 14 ± 4.1 yr). Time of follow‐up was 7–51 months (mean 26 ± 13 months). Tacrolimus monotherapy was maintained in 48% of patients, and glucocorticoids were avoided in 80% of recipients. Mean plasma creatinine and GFR at one yr post‐transplant were 0.88 ± 0.3 mg/dL and 104.4 ± 25 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. One, two, and three‐yr actuarial patient and graft survival rates were 100%. The incidence of early AR (<12 months after transplantation) was 12%, while the incidence of late AR (after 12 months) was 16%. Forty‐four percent of the recipients recovered normal, baseline renal function after an episode of AR, and 44% had persistent renal dysfunction (plasma creatinine 1.0–1.8 mg/dL). One graft was lost four yr after transplantation due to medication non‐compliance. Four (16%) patients developed BK or CMV infection. In our experience, ALA induction with tacrolimus monotherapy resulted in excellent short‐ and mid‐term patient and graft survival in low‐immunologic risk pediatric renal transplant recipients.