bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment the Health Sustainability using Neutrosophic MCDM Methodology: Case Study COVID-19
Authors: A. El-Douh Ahmed , Lu SongFeng , Abdelhafeez Ahmed , S. Aziz Alber
Published: October 2023

As a result of the severe difficulties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, a holistic response is required, one that takes into account both the urgent needs of patients and the long-term viability of healthcare institutions. This study aims to give a complete knowledge of the tactics and techniques necessary to maintain the continuing well-being of people and communities by examining the idea of health sustainability in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study conducts a literature review to investigate the many facets of health sustainability, such as emergency preparedness, mental health care, health workforce support, health education and communication, research and innovation, international cooperation, and resilience in the face of pandemics. This study's results call attention to the necessity for universal healthcare access, mental health services, the upkeep of critical services, and international coordination as part of the COVID-19 response strategy. Societies may construct robust healthcare systems that can deal with the short- and long-term effects of the pandemic if they use a comprehensive strategy that takes into account social, economic, and environmental aspects. So, we used the concept of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to deal with various criteria of health sustainability. The AHP MCDM method is used to deal with various criteria and give the weights of these criteria. The AHP used a comparison between various criteria, so we used the neutrosophic environment to deal with the vague data in the comparison process. The proposed framework is applied in the application of COVID-19.
Sustainable Supplier Selection using Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methodology
Authors: Mohamed Zenat , M. Ismail Mahmoud , Abd El-Gawad Amal
Published: October 2023

Sustainable supplier selection is an important part of supply chain management since it encourages ethical and eco-friendly procedures. This study examines the most important criteria and factors for judging the sustainability performance of suppliers and presents a thorough overview of sustainable supplier selection. A decision-making framework for sustainable supplier selection is created via a review of relevant research, case studies, and best practices. Key factors for assessing suppliers include environmental performance, social responsibility, and economic viability, all of which are included in the framework. The results stress the need to take into account suppliers' energy efficiency, waste management, and social responsibility initiatives including fair labor practices and community involvement. Other essential considerations for long-term sustainability include economic viability and supply chain resilience. Organizations may improve their environmental impact, reduce supply chain risks, and boost overall performance by using sustainable supplier selection practices. This study used the TOPSIS method to rank sustainable suppliers. The TOPSIS method is employed with the single-valued neutrosophic set to deal with vague information. A case study in a food company is conducted to show the best supplier
Empowering deep learning based organizational decision making: A Survey
Authors: Mohamed Mona
Published: October 2023

The advent of deep learning has revolutionized the landscape of organizational decision-making by offering powerful tools for data analysis and prediction. In this comprehensive survey, we explore the intersection of deep learning and organizational decision-making, elucidating the theoretical underpinnings, empirical evidence, and practical implications of this synergy. Theoretical foundations and research hypotheses are rigorously examined, providing a solid framework for understanding the role of deep learning models in enhancing decision-making processes. We delve into the systematic survey, which encompasses a wide spectrum of applications across various industries and domains, showcasing how deep learning empowers decision support systems, augments data-driven decision-making, and refines decision-making frameworks. Drawing inspiration from the Egyptian Vision 2030, we explore the implications of deep learning-based decision-making on national development strategies and policy implementation. Our analysis sheds light on the transformative potential of these technologies, offering insights into how organizations, particularly in Egypt, can harness these advancements to achieve their developmental goals. Finally, we outline future directions in this field, highlighting emerging trends, technological advancements, and potential areas for further research. As the digital age continues to reshape the landscape of decision-making, this survey serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to leverage deep learning for empowered, data-driven, and informed organizational decisions.
Chinese-English Political Materials Research from the Perspective of Cognitive Construal theory-- Taking the 2023 Report on the Work of the Government As an Example
Authors:   Guangxi Normal University, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, heasternal@gmail.com, He Wendong
Published: October 2023

The English translation of political materials is of great significance for foreign readers to understand Chinese policies, spread Chinese political culture, and establish a positive image of China. Different Chinese political texts also have certain differences in their expression forms and expressive effects under different language scenarios. This paper bases on cognitive construal theory from the perspective of choice of scope, the change of focus, perspective and specificity to analyze the 2023 Report on the Work of the Government, aiming to make the translator through cognitive construal theory to explore different cultural background of cognitive differences, thus through the interpretation of the way to meet the target of reader understanding mode of understanding way, to better realize the pubulicity function and political purpose.
Knowledge Graph Analysis of Smart Justice Research in China: AVisualization Method Based on CiteSpace
Authors:   Guanghuan Law School,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, loulin@mail2.sysu.edu.cn, LOU LIN , QUAN PENG ,   Jl. Sampul No.4, Sei Putih Bar., Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20118,University Prima Indonesia; hassqp@foxmail.com
Published: October 2023

In the digital age, emerging technologies such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet, blockchain, and artificial intelligence are reshaping human social productivity. As an important path to realizing the rule of law, the judicial system should adjust to changes in production methods. Judicial reform, as a major national task, has basically completed the informatization of the judiciary, and the results are remarkable.[1] With the rapid iteration of artificial intelligence technology and the accumulation of data generated by informatization, judicial reform has entered a new era of development of intelligent justice.
Research on Brand Image Marketing Strategy - From Brand Awareness to Brand Loyalty
Authors: Ge Fuqiang , Ge Jinxin
Published: October 2023

Brand image marketing is closely related to brand awareness and brand loyalty. Brand image marketing improves brand awareness and recognition through a variety of means and activities, thus enhancing consumers' loyalty and willingness to purchase brands. Enterprises need to adopt corresponding brand image marketing strategies and tools according to market demand and their situation to enhance the brand image and competitiveness comprehensively. This paper first introduces the definition and objectives of brand image marketing and then focuses on the influence of brand awareness and loyalty on brand image marketing and the key factors affecting brand awareness and loyalty. Then, this paper illustrates how to achieve the goal of brand image marketing from the aspects of unified management of brand image, multi-channel marketing, and personalized marketing, and illustrates cases, which can provide reference and inspiration for enterprises to implement brand image marketing, and also provide new ideas and directions for the development of the industry.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal related morbidity and its perceived impact on health among pregnant women in a tertiary centre
Authors: Osazee K  , Nnakwe LM  , Iribhogbe OI
Published: October 2023

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological condition associated with musculoskeletal symptoms of which the site, perception, severity, effect on the quality of life and treatment vary in individuals.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal morbidity, its relationship with socio-clinical characteristics, perception, and impact on the quality of life of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital.

Results: Four hundred antenatal women participated in this study; 146 (48.7%) experienced musculoskeletal problems during the index pregnancy. Most respondents (51.3%) were 31-40 years (mean 31.9±5.6). For those who experienced problems, the onset of symptoms was highest (49.3%) in 3rd trimester, and the majority (76%) had tertiary education. The most typical problem was pelvic pain (48.8%); the most common predisposing factor was previous trauma (100%). Most (72.6%) perceived symptoms as moderate pain that affected their quality of life. Treatment was majorly rest (47.5%), 59.4% had their symptoms relieved, and 76.3% were satisfied with their treatment.

Conclusion: This study showed a prevalence of approximately 50%, with the commonest predisposing factor being previous trauma and pelvic pain being the most common problem. Therefore, Clinicians should be aware of the musculoskeletal problems in otherwise healthy pregnant women and manage them appropriately.
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTANI SMES: AN INDUSTRY 4.0 PERSPECTIVE
Authors: RAZA DR. ALI , MATLOOB DR. SHEEMA , SHAH DR. MUZAFAR HUSSAIN , SARKI DR. IRSHAD HUSSAIN
Published: October 2023

Previous research has primarily concentrated on the technological and operational aspects of Industry 4.0 in SMEs, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of the leadership's role in this context. This article aforesaid gap by empirically investigating impact of entrepreneurial leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and ethical leadership on the sustainable competitive performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan within the context of Industry 4.0. The study adopts a quantitative approach and collects data from Pakistani SMEs sector, including manufacturing sports, and textiles, using purposive sampling. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed. The study's findings reveal that entrepreneurial leadership and ethical leadership significantly influence organizational learning. Furthermore, a significant relationship is observed between organizational learning and sustainable competitive performance. However, the study does not find a significant relationship between transactional leadership and organizational learning. Moreover, the research highlights a significant mediating relationship between organizational learning and the impact of entrepreneurial leadership, ethical leadership, and transformational leadership on sustainable competitive performance. However, transactional leadership does not exhibit a significant mediating effect. The study's contributions to the existing literature on Industry 4.0 are valuable as they shed light on the role of leadership styles in the context of SMEs in Pakistan. In the era of Industry 4.0, where technological advancements are transforming industries, understanding the impact of leadership on sustainable competitive performance is crucial. This research offers insights into which leadership styles are most effective in this rapidly changing landscape.
Des griefs de l’échec de l’enseignement de l’informatique dans des universités de la RDC : Enjeux socio-didactiques de la crise
Authors:   Faculté de Sciences Economiques et de Gestion, Université de l’Assomption au Congo, Butembo, P.O. Box 104, République Démocratique du Congo, Mpia Héritier Nsenge
Published: October 2023

L’enseignement constitue le facteur d’émergence des plusieurs pays. Ainsi, c’est le secteur le plus délicat qui permet à un Etat de produire des cadres dignes, performants et compétents pouvant assurer la continuité de la société. On le voit, dans beaucoup de pays, les domaines surtout technologiques et scientifiques ont permis leur développement. Par contre, en république démocratique du Congo (RDC), c’est le secteur le plus négligé. Bien que le nombre d’étudiants accroisse du jour au lendemain, celui des professeurs habilités en informatique par exemple ne s’améliore pas. Et, le peu de professeurs informaticiens œuvrant dans des Universités congolaises passent plus de temps dans des auditoires que dans des laboratoires de recherche car ce sont les mêmes qui sillonnent dans toute l’étendue de la RDC du début à la fin de l’année académique. Par conséquent, ces scientifiques ne trouvent pas de temps pour des recherches et ne se rendent pas compte de l’obsolescence du programme national des sciences informatiques élaboré depuis 2004. En plus, il se constate un laxisme de la part du gouvernement congolais sur le plan des projets de structuration du programme national surtout de l’informatique. La preuve en est que la disproportion entre le nombre des professeurs et des étudiants en sciences informatiques ne constitue pas une sonnette d’alarme. Et, même le manque d’innovation de la part et des enseignants et des étudiants est devenu une vocation pour la nation congolaise. Il y a bien que ceci comme facteurs conduisant à l’échec de l’enseignement d’informatique au Congo : le commercialisme scientifique, le manque de volonté du gouvernement dans l’implication du secteur éducatif, etc. Ce qui constitue un grand échec dans l’enseignement de l’informatique en RDC.
Da saturação ao colapso: a ‘cruel pedagogia’ da Covid-19 para o setor turístico
Authors: Felix Felipe Gonçalves , De Souza Maria Julieta Nunes
Published: October 2023

O objetivo central deste texto é trazer reflexões iniciais sobre os efeitos da crise sanitária e social provocada pela pandemia da Covid-19 no setor turístico. Inicialmente, são abordados aspectos do cenário ‘pré-pandemia’ em cidades emblemáticas como Barcelona (Espanha), Lisboa (Portugal) e Veneza (Itália), onde emergiram conflitos associados a impactos sociais, ambientais e urbanos provocados pelo chamado overtourism –traduzido como ‘saturação turística’. Para tanto, utilizou-se parte dos resultados de pesquisa de doutoramento, desenvolvida entre 2015 e 2019, que abordou a problemática das cidades turisticamente saturadas, enfocando o caso de Barcelona.  A segunda parte do artigo enfoca os efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19 no turismo global, particularmente em localidades e países onde esta atividade possui significativa participação na arrecadação de receita e na geração de empregos. Em diálogo com autores de diversos campos do conhecimento, tais como David Harvey, José Luis Fiori , Alexandre Panosso Netto, dentre outros, a reflexão centra nas  formulações de Boaventura de Sousa Santos sobre ‘a cruel pedagogia do coronavírus’, para  traçar um paralelo com as questões que envolvem o turismo.  Buscou-se, desse modo, aprofundar os desafios da  transição do modelo turístico dominante - que produziu  em diversas realidades  um quadro de saturação e economia de alta dependência por receitas geradas por esta atividade, para um novo modelo, que articule diversificação econômica, política urbana e planejamento turístico orientado ao bem-estar social e à conservação do patrimônio natural e cultural.
Turistas brasileiros: Quem são? Onde vivem? Quanto consomem?
Authors: Santos Glauber Eduardo De Oliveira
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho objetiva estimar estatísticas abrangentes, consistentes e atualizadas acerca das dimensões do turismo nacional (emissivo e doméstico) no Brasil. Essas informações descritivas são desenvolvidas a partir dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017-2018 do IBGE. O consumo turístico nacional é quantificado pelo volume das despesas turísticas das famílias brasileiras. São apresentadas estimativas da despesa média, bem como do consumo turístico agregado das famílias. A dimensão do consumo é associada a aspectos demográficos e socioeconômicos. Os resultados revelam que o acesso ao consumo de viagens turísticas no Brasil é profundamente desigual. A desigualdade está associada principalmente à renda. Outras variáveis relevantes são o grau de instrução, a localização do domicílio, cor ou raça, sexo, composição familiar e o tamanho da família. A despesa turística agregada anual estimada é de R$ 90,7 bilhões. A maior parte do turismo nacional é representado por famílias da região Sudeste, com 2 a 4 pessoas, 2 adultos com ou sem crianças, formadas exclusivamente por pessoas brancas, chefiadas por homens com ensino superior, e com renda mensal acima de 10 salários mínimos.
Kinetics study of ions in conductive filament growth process of electrochemical metallization resistive memory
Authors: Ke Qing , Dai Yue-Hua ,   School of Integrated Circuits , Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Published: October 2023

In this work, a system of modified Mott-Gurney differential equations is based on Arrhenius’ law and the overpotential theory of ionic motion in bipolar electrochemical metallization (ECM) resistive devices. The average displacement of ions is solved by the modified Mott-Gurney equation. Then, the relation between the average displacement and the growth length of the conductive filament is obtained by a geometric model based on cells. The equation of applied voltage versus Forming/Set time and the equation of length of conductive filament growth versus time are deduced by using this relation.

In this work, an algorithm for extracting kinetic parameters of ions in a bipolar ECM device is also proposed. By using this algorithm, the characteristics of the applied voltage versus Forming/Set time for Ag/γ-AgI/Pt, Ag/TiO2/Pt, Ag/GeS2/W, and Cu/SiO2/Au devices are calculated and the calculation results are consistent with experimental data. It is found that in the Forming/Set process, the jump step of silver ion is the lattice constant along the c direction of a unit cell of the crystal for TiO2 and the lattice constant of the cubic, a, for γ-AgI. These results are explained in the following. In a unit cell of the two crystals there are some tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites. The cationic motion path consists of alternating octahedral and tetrahedral sites or some octahedral sites. The cation jumps from tetrahedron to octahedron to tetrahedron, etc. in the γ-AgI with coplanar polyhedron and from octahedron to octahedron in the TiO2 with edge shared octahedron. In GeS2 crystal, it is found that the jump step of silver ions is the lattice constant in the c direction of a unit cell. Owing to the periodicity of the lattice, the pathways of the ion motion in the three materials can be expressed by a periodic potential barrier each. For the jump situation of the copper ion in amorphous SiO2, the jump step of copper ions is calculated to be 1.57 times the length of the O—O bond, and the jump pathway can also be explained by a periodic potential barrier.

By introducing the cosine potential barrier, the ionic activation frequency, potential barrier height, ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient, and characteristics of the conductive filament growth versus time in several devices are calculated. The criteria of selecting dielectric materials for bipolar ECM devices are discussed by using these data. It is found that the standards for selecting dielectric materials of bipolar ECM devices are the ion activation energy ≤0.5 eV, preferably between 0.1–0.2eV, and the DC conductivity as close to 10 –4 Ω–1·cm–1 as possible.
Study on thermal protection characteristics of non-enclosed thermal cloak
Authors: Miao Yu-Zhao  , Tang Gui-Hua  ,   MOE Key laboratory of Thermal-Fluid and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Published: October 2023

The aerodynamic heat of hypersonic vehicle nose cone can reach MWm-2 magnitude during flight, which could be transferred to the interior of hypersonic vehicle in the form of conduction and radiation. High efficient thermal insulation material is significant to keep internal electronic components working safely. Thermal metamaterials can regulate the macroscopic heat flow path, which have been developing rapidly and have a wide application prospect in the field of thermal protection. In this paper, a non-enclosed theoretical thermal cloak is designed to guide heat flow around hypersonic vehicle nose cone by using the transformation multithermotics, which can control thermal conduction and radiation simultaneously. A multi-layer structure is designed as cloak's simplified approximation due to the anisotropic parameters. Based on the software COMSOL, the thermal protection characteristics and heat transfer mechanism of the cloak and multi-layer structure are studied numerically. The results show that heat can flow around the object in the form of conduction and radiation in both theoretical thermal cloak and multi-layer structure, so the heat transferred to the inner area is decreased. Compared with the thermal insulation material, the heating rate of the protected area slows down, and the temperature at the front of the hypersonic vehicle nose cone is significantly reduced. However, the improvement of the thermal protection performance of cloak and multi-layer structures requires that the solid and radiative thermal conductivities of the material be lower than those of the original thermal insulation materials. To solve this problem, a non-enclosed theoretical extrapolation thermal cloak is further proposed. The solid and radiative thermal conductivities of extrapolation thermal cloak are non-singular, which could be higher than those of the original thermal insulation materials. Numerical simulation results show that the extrapolation thermal cloak can guide heat flow around object, so the thermal protection capability is improved significantly. Compared with the thermal insulation materials, the temperature of the front of the hypersonic vehicle nose cone is reduced by 100 K, and the temperature of the inner central zone of the hypersonic vehicle nose cone is reduced by 10 K. The non-enclosed extrapolation thermal cloak provides a new approach for thermal protection and is suitable for complex target areas, showing great application potential in thermal protection.
Simulation of extreme ultraviolet radiation of laser induced discharge plasma
Authors: Wang Jun-Wu , Xuan Hong-Wen , Yu Hang-Hang , Wang Xin-Bing , Vassily S. Zakharov ,   GBA Research Institute of AIRCAS, Guangzhou 510700, China,   Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,   Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow 125047, Russia,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: October 2023

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source is an important part of EUV lithography system in semiconductor manufacturing. The EUV light source requires that the 4p64dn-4p54dn+1 + 4dn–14f transitions of Sn8+~13+ ions emit thousands of lines which form unresolved transition arrays near 13.5 nm. Laser-induced discharge plasma is one of the important technical means to excite target into an appropriate plasma condition. Laser-induced discharge plasma has a simple structure and a low cost. It also has important applications in mask inspection, microscopic imaging, and spectral metrology. In the design and production process, there are many factors that can influence the conversion efficiency, such as current, electrode shape, and laser power density. The simulation method is a convenient way to provide guidance for optimizing the parameters. In this paper, a completed radiation magneto-hydrodynamic model is used to explore the dynamic characteristics of laser-induced discharge plasma and its EUV radiation characteristics. To improve the accuracy, a more detailed global equation of state model, an atomic structure calculation model including relativistic effect and a collision radiation model are proposed simultaneously. The simulation reconstructs the discharge process effectively, which is divided into five stages in the first half cycle of current, including expansion of laser plasma, column formation of discharge plasma, diffusion of discharge plasma, contraction of discharge plasma, and re-diffusion of discharge plasma. It is revealed that the pinch effect during the current rising time exerts a significant influence on the generation of EUV radiation. The conversion efficiency of EUV radiation is still low under our existing conditions, and hopefully a higher rising rate of current can improve the conversion efficiency in the future work.
Enhancing reversible capacity and cycling stability of Li1.2Ni0.13Fe0.13Mn0.54O2 by inducing low Li/Ni misalignment through Mo doping
Authors: Ran Pei-Lin , Wu Kang , Zhao En-Yue , Wang Fang-Wei , Wu Zhi-Min ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China,   Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: October 2023

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in mobile devices and electric vehicles, but the traditional layered transition metal cathode material, LiTMO2 (TM=Ni, Co, Mn, or Al), has a low energy density that cannot satisfy the demand of commercial applications. The Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides (LRLOs) are a strong competitor to the traditional layered cathode materials for their specific capacity of more than 200 mAh/g. Due to the high energy density and low cost, Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides (LRLO) have been a promising candidate cathode for next-generation Li-ion batteries. The anionic redox reaction (ARR) in LRLO destabilizes the lattice oxygen, leading to voltage degradation and capacity loss. Although iron-substituted cobalt-free Li-rich materials can achieve less voltage decay, they suffer severe cation disorder and poor kinetics. Here, we develop a simple and feasible high-valent ion doping strategy by doping Mo into Li1.2Ni0.13Fe0.13Mn0.54O2(LNFMO), which expands the Li layer spacing and provides a broader channel for Li+ transport, thereby improving the diffusion kinetics of Li+, effectively suppressing the cation disorder, and further stabilizing the layered structure. As a result, the Mo-doped LRLO exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, with an initial reversible capacity of 209.48 mAh/g at 0.2 C, and the initial specific capacity increasing from 137.02 mAh/g to 165.15 mAh/g at 1 C. After 300 cycles, specific capacity remains 117.49 mAh/g for the Mo-doped cathode, and the voltage decay decreases from 2.09 mV/cycle to 1.66 mV/cycle. The Mo-doped LRLO is systematically characterized, and the mechanism of cycle stabilization is revealed, which provides an important reference for designing high performance Li-rich cathode.
Significant role of thermal effects in current-induced exchange bias field switching at antiferromagnet/ferromagnet interface
Authors: He Yu , Chen Wei-Bin , Hong Bin , Huang Wen-Tao , Zhang Kun , Chen Lei , Feng Xue-Qiang , Li Bo , Liu Guo , Sun Xiao-Han , Zhao Meng , Zhang Yue ,   MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Fert Beijing Research Institute, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China,   State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China,   Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230012, China
Published: October 2023

The current-induced switching of in-plane exchange bias field (Heb) has many advantages, such as switching without assistance of external magnetic field, excellent immunity to magnetic field, and robust magnetic anisotropy. However, the blocking temperature of the nanoscale antiferromagnet/ferromagnet (AFM/FM) heterostructure is relatively low and susceptible to thermal effects. Therefore, the Joule heating theoretically plays a substantial role in the switching of Heb driven by current, but its underlying mechanism requires further investigation and verification. We prepare a series of Pt/IrMn/Py heterostructures with varying antiferromagnet IrMn thicknesses and systematically investigate the role of thermal effects in current-driven Heb switching. These results demonstrate that under millisecond-level current pulses, Joule heating heats the device above the blocking temperature, leading to the decoupling of exchange coupling at AFM/FM interface. Simultaneously, the Oersted field and spin-orbit torque field generated by the current switch the ferromagnetic moments, and then a new Heb will be induced along the direction of the ferromagnetic moments in the cooling process. Furthermore,in the switching process of Heb, the anisotropic magnetoresistance curve of the AFM/FM heterostructure exhibits a temperature-dependent two-step magnetization reversal phenomenon. Theoretical analysis indicates that this phenomenon arises from the competitive relationship between exchange bias coupling at AFM/FM interface and direct exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic moments. The findings of this study elucidate the crucial role of thermal effects in the current-driven switching of Heb, thereby contributing to the advancement of spintronic devices based on electrically controlled Heb.
A Mechanistic Insight into Sources of Error of Visual Working Memory in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Motahharynia Ali , Pourmohammadi Ahmad , Adibi Armin , Shaygannejad Vahid , Ashtari Fereshteh , Adibi Iman , Sanayei Mehdi
Published: October 2023

Working memory (WM) is one of the most affected cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is mainly studied by the previously established binary model for information storage (slot model). However, recent observations based on the continuous reproduction paradigms have shown that assuming dynamic allocation of WM resources (resource model) instead of the binary hypothesis will give more accurate predictions in WM assessment. Moreover, continuous reproduction paradigms allow for assessing the distribution of error in recalling information, providing new insights into the organization of the WM system. In this study, we utilized two continuous reproduction paradigms, memory-guided localization (MGL) and analog recall task with sequential presentation, to investigate WM dysfunction in MS. Our results demonstrated an overall increase in recall error and decreased recall precision in MS. While sequential paradigms were better in distinguishing healthy control from relapsing-remitting MS, MGL were more accurate in discriminating MS subtypes (relapsing-remitting from secondary progressive), providing evidence about the underlying mechanisms of WM deficit in progressive states of the disease. Furthermore, computational modeling of the results from the sequential paradigm determined that imprecision in decoding information and swap error (mistakenly reporting the feature of other presented items) were responsible for WM dysfunction in MS. In summary, this study offered a sensitive measure for assessing WM deficit and provided new insight into the organization of the WM system in MS population.
Event-related modulation of alpha rhythm explains the auditory P300 evoked response in EEG
Authors: Studenova A.A. , Forster C. , Engemann D.A. , Hensch T. , Sander C. , Mauche N. , Hegerl U. , Loeffler M. , Villringer A. , Nikulin V.V.
Published: October 2023

Evoked responses and ongoing oscillations represent two major electrophysiological phenomena in the human brain yet the link between them remains rather obscure. Here we show how these two types of brain activity can be mechanistically linked within the framework of the baseline-shift mechanism for the generation of evoked responses. We do so for the two most frequently studied EEG signals: the P300-evoked response and alpha oscillations (8–12 Hz). The baseline-shift mechanism states that oscillations may generate evoked responses if oscillations have a non-zero mean and their amplitude is modulated by the stimulus. Therefore, if the alpha amplitude modulation generates P300, the following predictions should hold: 1) the temporal evolution of P300 and alpha amplitude is similar, 2) spatial localisations of the P300 and alpha amplitude modulation overlap, 3) oscillations are non-zero mean with a sign of the mean being congruent to P300 polarity and direction of alpha amplitude change, 4) P300 and alpha amplitude modulation correlate with cognitive scores in a similar fashion. To fully and reliably validate these predictions, we analysed the data set of elderly participants (N=2230, 60–82 years old), using a) resting-state EEG recordings to compute the baseline-shift index (BSI) to quantify the mean of oscillations, b) the event-related data, to extract parameters of P300 and c) alpha rhythm amplitude envelope. The data was analysed both in sensor and source space. We showed that P300 is indeed linked to alpha amplitude modulation according to all four abovementioned predictions: 1) the time courses of P300 and alpha amplitude envelope correlate negatively; 2) both P300 and alpha rhythm spatially localised in the posterior region of the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex; 3) the sign of the BSI at Pz electrode is predominantly negative, consistent with the positive polarity of P300 and decrease of alpha amplitude; moreover, a negative BSIs of higher magnitude corresponded to higher P300 amplitude; 4) attention, memory, and executive function scores have congruent correlations for P300 and alpha rhythm amplitude. Our results provide an unifying view on the interdependency of evoked responses and neuronal oscillations and suggest that P300, at least partly, is generated by the modulation of alpha oscillations. Therefore, changes in P300 related to different cognitive conditions, age, or neuropathologies should be interpreted by taking into account the spatio-temporal dynamics of neuronal oscillations.
Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees
Authors: Satake Akiko , Imai Ryosuke , Fujino Takeshi , Tomimoto Sou , Ohta Kayoko , Na’iem Mohammad , Indrioko Sapto , Widiyatno  , Purnomo Susilo , Mollá–Morales Almudena , Nizhynska Viktoria , Tani Naoki , Suyama Yoshihisa , Sasaki Eriko , Kasahara Masahiro
Published: October 2023

The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees,
Shorea laevis
(slow-growing) and
S. leprosula
(fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia. Using newly-constructed genomes, we identified a greater number of somatic mutations in tropical trees than in temperate trees. In both species, we observed a linear increase in the number of somatic mutations with physical distance between branches. However, we found that the rate of somatic mutation accumulation per meter of growth was 3.7-fold higher in
S. laevis
than in
S. leprosula
. This difference in the somatic mutation rate was scaled with the slower growth rate of
S. laevis
compared to
S. leprosula,
resulting in a constant somatic mutation rate per year between the two species. We also found that somatic mutations are neutral within an individual, but those mutations transmitted to the next generation are subject to purifying selection. These findings suggest that somatic mutations accumulate with absolute time and older trees have a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.The significance of our study lies in the discovery of an absolute time-dependent accumulation of somatic mutations in long-lived tropical trees, independent of growth rate. Through a comparative analysis of somatic mutation landscapes in slow- and fast-growing species, we observed a clock-like accumulation of somatic mutations in both species, regardless of their growth rates. Although the majority of somatic mutations were restricted to a single branch, we also identified mutations present in multiple branches, likely transmitted during growth. Our findings suggest that older trees make a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.
Ubiquitin ligase and signalling hub MYCBP2 is required for efficient EPHB2 tyrosine kinase receptor function
Authors: Chang Chao , Banerjee Sara L. , Park Sung Soon , Zhang Xiaolei , Cotnoir-White David , Desbois Muriel , Grill Brock , Kania Artur
Published: October 2023

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases participate in a variety of normal and pathogenic processes during development and throughout adulthood. This versatility is likely facilitated by the ability of Eph receptors to signal through diverse cellular signalling pathways: primarily by controlling cytoskeletal dynamics, but also by regulating cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Despite many proteins linked to these signalling pathways interacting with Eph receptors, the specific mechanisms behind such links and their coordination remain to be elucidated. In a proteomics screen for novel EPHB2 multi-effector proteins, we identified human MYC binding protein 2 (MYCBP2 or PAM or Phr1). MYCBP2 is a large signalling hub involved in diverse processes such as neuronal connectivity, synaptic growth, cell division, neuronal survival, and protein ubiquitination. Our biochemical experiments demonstrate that the formation of a complex containing EPHB2 and MYCBP2 is facilitated by FBXO45, a protein known to select substrates for MYCBP2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Formation of the MYCBP2-EPHB2 complex does not require EPHB2 tyrosine kinase activity and is destabilised by binding of ephrin-B ligands, suggesting that the MYCBP2-EPHB2 association is a prelude to EPHB2 signalling. Paradoxically, the loss of MYCBP2 results in increased ubiquitination of EPHB2 and a decrease of its protein levels suggesting that MYCBP2 stabilises EPHB2. Commensurate with this effect, our cellular experiments reveal that MYCBP2 is essential for efficient EPHB2 signalling responses in cell lines and primary neurons. Finally, our genetic studies in C. elegans provide in vivo evidence that the ephrin receptor VAB-1 displays genetic interactions with known MYCBP2 binding proteins. Together, our results align with the similarity of neurodevelopmental phenotypes caused by MYCBP2 and EPHB2 loss of function, and couple EPHB2 to a signaling effector that controls diverse cellular functions.
Theta cycle dynamics of spatial representations in the lateral septum
Authors: Bzymek Katarzyna , Kloosterman Fabian
Published: October 2023

An internal representation of the environment – or map – allows animals to evaluate multiple routes and adapt their navigation strategy to current needs and future goals. The hippocampal formation plays a crucial role in learning a spatial map and using the map for goal-directed navigation. The lateral septum forms a major node for connections between the hippocampus and subcortical brain regions that could link the spatial map to motivation and reward processing centers such as the ventral tegmental area. It is not known, however, how the lateral septum contributes to processing of spatial information and route planning.In this study we investigated the temporal dynamics of spatial representations in the lateral septum. Neuropixels probes were used to record cellular activity along the dorsal-ventral extent of the lateral septum while rats performed one of two spatial navigation tasks in a Y-maze. The activity of a large fraction of cells was theta rhythmic and a subset of cells showed evidence of being active on alternate theta cycles (theta cycle skipping). Both theta rhythmicity and cycle skipping were strongest in the dorsal lateral septum. Similarly, spatially selective firing was most prominent in the dorsal later septum. Using neural decoding, we show that the lateral septum cell population encodes both the current location and alternatingly the possible future paths within single theta cycles when rats approached the choice point in the maze.Our data further shows that the alternating expression of spatial representations in the lateral septum is task dependent, such that it is strongest when the task also requires the animals to alternate between rewarded goal arms. These data suggests that task demands and experience shape which representations are activated near a choice point. The lateral septum receives strong input from hippocampal place cells, and while there may be integration and transformation of incoming spatial signals, our findings support the idea that hippocampal spatial representations and their temporal dynamics are conveyed to subcortical projection areas through the lateral septum.
Response to comment on 'Parasite defensive limb movements enhance acoustic signal attraction in male little torrent frogs'
Authors: Zhao Longhui , Halfwerk Wouter , Cui Jianguo
Published: October 2023

Recently we showed that limb movements associated with anti-parasite defenses can enhance acoustic signal attraction in male little torrent frogs (Amolops torrentis), which suggests a potential pathway for physical movements to become co-opted into mating displays (Zhao et al., 2022). Anderson et al. argue for alternative explanations of our results and provide a reanalysis of part of our data (Anderson et al., 2023). We acknowledge some of the points raised and provide an additional analysis in support of our hypothesis.
The antigenic landscape of human influenza N2 neuraminidases from 2009 until 2017
Authors: Catani João Paulo Portela , Smet Anouk , Ysenbaert Tine , Vuylsteke Marnik , Bottu Guy , Mathys Janick , Botzki Alexander , Cortes-Garcia Guadalupe , Strugnell Tod , Gomila Raul , Hamberger John , Catalan John , Ustyugova Irina V , Farrell Timothy , Stegalkina Svetlana , Ray Satyajit , LaRue Lauren , Saelens Xavier , Vogel Thorsten U
Published: October 2023

Human H3N2 influenza viruses are subject to rapid antigenic evolution which translates into frequent updates of the composition of seasonal influenza vaccines. Despite these updates, the effectiveness of influenza vaccines against H3N2-associated disease is suboptimal. Seasonal influenza vaccines primarily induce hemagglutinin-specific antibody responses. However, antibodies directed against influenza neuraminidase (NA) also contribute to protection. Here, we analysed the antigenic diversity of a panel of N2 NAs derived from human H3N2 viruses that circulated between 2009 and 2017. The antigenic breadth of these NAs was determined based on the NA inhibition (NAI) of a broad panel of ferret and mouse immune sera that were raised by infection and recombinant N2 NA immunisation. This assessment allowed us to distinguish at least four antigenic groups in the N2 NAs derived from human H3N2 viruses that circulated between 2009 and 2017. Computational analysis further revealed that the amino acid residues in N2 NA that have a major impact on susceptibility to NAI by immune sera are in proximity of the catalytic site. Finally, a machine learning method was developed that allowed to accurately predict the impact of mutations that are present in our N2 NA panel on NAI. These findings have important implications for the renewed interest to develop improved influenza vaccines based on the inclusion of a protective NA antigen formulation.
Morphology and ultrastructure of external sense organs of Drosophila larvae
Authors: Richter Vincent , Rist Anna , Kislinger Georg , Laumann Michael , Schoofs Andreas , Miroschnikow Anton , Pankratz Michael , Cardona Albert , Thum Andreas S.
Published: October 2023

Sensory perception is the ability through which an organism is able to process sensory stimuli from the environment. This stimulus is transmitted from the peripheral sensory organs to the central nervous system, where it is interpreted.
Drosophila melanogaster
larvae possess peripheral sense organs on their head, thoracic, and abdominal segments. These are specialized to receive diverse environmental information, such as olfactory, gustatory, temperature or mechanosensory signals. In this work, we complete the description of the morphology of external larval sensilla and provide a comprehensive map of the ultrastructure of the different types of sensilla that comprise them. This was achieved by 3D electron microscopic analysis of partial and whole body volumes, which contain high-resolution and complete three-dimensional data of the anatomy of the sensilla and adjacent ganglia.Our analysis revealed three main types of sensilla on thoracic and abdominal segments: the papilla sensillum, the hair sensillum and the knob sensillum. They occur solitary or organized in compound sensilla such as the thoracic keilin’s organ or the terminal sensory cones. We present a spatial map defining these sensilla by their position on thoracic and abdominal segments. Further, we identify and name the sensilla at the larval head and the last fused abdominal segments. We show that mechanosensation dominates in the larval peripheral nervous system, as most sensilla have corresponding structural properties. The result of this work, the construction of a complete structural and neuronal map of the external larval sensilla, provides the basis for following molecular and functional studies to understand which sensory strategies the
Drosophila
larva employs to orient itself in its natural environment.
PI3Kα inhibition blocks osteochondroprogenitor specification and the hyper-inflammatory response to prevent heterotopic ossification
Authors: Valer José Antonio , Deber Alexandre , Wits Marius , Pimenta-Lopes Carolina , Goumans Marie-José , Rosa José Luis , Sánchez-Duffhues Gonzalo , Ventura Francesc
Published: October 2023

Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs following mechanical trauma and burns, or congenitally in patients suffering from fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Recently, we demonstrated that inhibitors of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) may be a useful therapy for patients undergoing HO. In this study, using the already marketed BYL719/Alpelisib/Piqray drug, we have confirmed further these results, detailed the underlying mechanisms of action, and optimized the timing of the administration of BYL719. We found that BYL719 effectively prevents HO even when administered up to three to seven days after injury. We demonstrate in cell cultures and in a mouse model of HO that the major actions of BYL719 are on-target effects through the inhibition of PI3Kα, without directly affecting ACVR1 or FOP- inducing ACVR1
R206H
kinase activities.
In vivo
, we found that a lack of PI3Kα in progenitors at injury sites is sufficient to prevent HO. Moreover, time course assays in HO lesions demonstrate that BYL719 not only blocks osteochondroprogenitor specification, but also reduces the inflammatory response. BYL719 inhibits the migration, proliferation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes and mast cells, suggesting that BYL719 hampers the hyper-inflammatory status of HO lesions. Altogether, these results highlight the potential of PI3Kα inhibition as a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for HO.