bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the association of physical activity levels and vitamin D with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jia Shuli , Zhao Wanyu , Hu Fengjuan , Zhao Yunli , Ge Meiling , Xia Xin , Yue Jirong , Dong Birong
Published: November 2022

Background

The relationship between vitamin D and sarcopenia was inconsistent between men and women. Physical activity (PA) may interact with vitamin D on sarcopenia. However, the sex-specific relationships of vitamin D, PA and sarcopenia have yet elucidated. We aimed to examine the sex differences in the relation between vitamin D status, PA levels, obesity and sarcopenia in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults, as well as whether vitamin D status is a modifier in the relationship between PA and sarcopenia.

Methods

The current study was a cross-sectional study based on the baseline survey of the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. A total of 3713 participants aged ≥ 50y were included in our study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus. Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) (≥ 28 kg/m2) and body fat mass percentage (≥ 60th percentile in each sex group). 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and PA was evaluated by a validated China Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (CLTPAQ). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between PA, vitamin D and sarcopenia and obesity.

Results

Low PA was significantly associated with higher odds of sarcopenia in women only (OR = 1.70,95%CI:1.18,2.46, p < 0.01). Vitamin D deficiency was only associated with sarcopenia in men (OR = 1.85,95%CI: 1.27,2.69, p < 0.01). Low PA was significantly associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity only in participants with serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml.

Conclusions

The role of vitamin D and PA in obesity and sarcopenia was different between men and women, and the relationship between PA and sarcopenia was modified by serum vitamin D status. These findings highlighted the need to supplement vitamin D in individuals with physical inactivity and provide different interventions strategies to sarcopenia in men and women.

Trial registration

Clinical trial number: ChiCTR1800018895.
Effects of hydrolysed meat on dietary intake and nutritional status in aged care residents requiring pureed diets: a crossover randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wu Xiaojing Sharon , Miles Anna , Braakhuis Andrea
Published: November 2022

Background

As a result of the high prevalence of dysphagia in aged care facilities, demand for pureed diets is increasing. One of the biggest challenges for pureed diets is the reduced nutritional density due to the cooking process, such as when blending or softening with liquid. This study aimed to investigate the impact of innovative energy and protein-enriched meat puree on the nutrition intake and nutritional status of aged care residents requiring pureed diets.

Methods

This is a single-blinded randomised controlled trial conducted in two aged care facilities using a crossover design. Twenty-two residents aged 83.2 ± 7.3 years participated in a 12-week study. Participants were blocked randomised into two groups and received a 6-week of either control (unaltered freshly made pureed diets by facilities) or intervention diet, followed by a 2-week washout and then 6-week of alternative treatment. During the intervention, freshly made meat pureed portions were swapped to hydrolysed meat, which contained 144 -392 kcal and 5.6–6.8 g more energy and protein per 100 g. Nutrition intake was collected using a validated visual estimation method over 24 h on two non-consecutive days during the control and intervention phases. A two-tailed t-test was used to compare the significance.

Results

The intervention diet significantly increased energy (147 ± 285 kcal, p = .02), protein (4 ± 7 g, p = .04), and fat (3 ± 8 g, p = .07) intake in comparison to the control diet. Nutritional status was improved by the end of the intervention as evidenced by a higher nutritional assessment score using Mini-Nutritional Assessment – Short Form (9.1 ± 1.8) and a weight gain of 1.3 ± 1.7 g, p = .04. No significant differences were found in body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis, calf circumference and mid-upper arm circumference. Though handgrip strength did not differ at the end of control and intervention, significance was found between the changes in control and intervention period. Plasma branched-chain amino acid increased significantly with hydrolysed meat consumption.

Conclusions

As a dietary enrichment, hydrolysed meat is a promising intervention for pureed diet consumers in aged care facilities, improving residents’ dietary intake and reducing malnutrition risk. Future larger multicentre studies with longer intervention periods are required to confirm the effectiveness and residents’ acceptance.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000888763).
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the spleen in a child: a case report
Authors: Huang Wen-peng , Li Li-ming , Zhu Li-na , Gao Jian-bo
Published: November 2022

Background

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a vascular tumor characterized by the proliferation of endothelial cells with papillary formation. It is a rare benign condition affecting the head and neck. Currently, no cases of IPEH of the spleen have been reported. Here, we report a case of IPEH of the spleen in a child and discuss its clinical manifestations, imaging features, and surgical treatment.

Case presentation

A 5-year-old female presented with a 4-month-old tumor in the left upper abdomen, abdominal pain, and constipation. She underwent radiography, barium enema, US, and MRI. A solid space-occupying mass was found in the left abdominal cavity on preoperative imaging, and it was diagnosed as angiosarcoma. The lesion was surgically resected. Histopathological analysis was consistent with IPEH.

Conclusion

Clinicians should consider the possibility of IPEH in patients presenting with tumors in the spleen, which is curable by surgical resection. Malignant vascular tumors must be excluded in the differential diagnosis of IPEH to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate overtreatment.
Measuring the quality of antenatal care in a context of high utilisation: evidence from Telangana, India
Authors: Radovich Emma , Chaudhry Monica , Penn-Kekana Loveday , Raju K. Radha Krishnam , Mishra Aparajita , Vallabhuni Ramya , Jarhyan Prashant , Mohan Sailesh , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Campbell Oona M. R. , Calvert Clara
Published: November 2022

Background

Antenatal care coverage has dramatically increased in many low-and middle-income settings, including in the state of Telangana, India. However, there is increasing evidence of shortfalls in the quality of care women receive during their pregnancies. This study aims to examine dimensions of antenatal care quality in Telangana, India using four primary and secondary data sources.

Methods

Data from two secondary statewide data sources (National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019–21; Health Management Information System (HMIS), 2019–20) and two primary data sources (a facility survey in 19 primary health centres and sub-centres in selected districts of Telangana; and observations of 36 antenatal care consultations at these facilities) were descriptively analysed.

Results

NFHS-5 data showed about 73% of women in Telangana received all six assessed antenatal care components during pregnancy. HMIS data showed high coverage of antenatal care visits but differences in levels of screening, with high coverage of haemoglobin tests for anaemia but low coverage of testing for gestational diabetes and syphilis. The facility survey found missing equipment for several key antenatal care services. Antenatal care observations found blood pressure measurement and physical examinations had high coverage and were generally performed correctly. There were substantial deficiencies in symptom checking and communication between the woman and provider. Women were asked if they had any questions in 22% of consultations. Only one woman was asked about her mental health. Counselling of women on at least one of the ten items relating to birth preparedness and on at least one of six danger signs occurred in 58% and 36% of consultations, respectively.

Conclusion

Despite high coverage of antenatal care services and some essential maternal and foetal assessments, substantial quality gaps remained, particularly in communication between healthcare providers and pregnant women and in availability of key services. Progress towards achieving high quality in both content and experience of antenatal care requires addressing service gaps and developing better measures to capture and improve women’s experiences of care.
Kivalliq Inuit women travelling to Manitoba for birthing: findings from the Qanuinngitsiarutiksait study
Authors: Lavoie Josée G. , Clark Wayne , McDonnell Leah , Nickel Nathan , Dutton Rachel , Kanayok Janet , Anawak Jack , Anawak Caroline , Brown Levinia , Clark Grace Voisey , Evaluardjuk-Palmer Maata , Ford Frederick , Fowler-Woods Melinda , Wong Sabrina , Sanguins Julianne , Katz Alan
Published: November 2022

Background

The Qanuinngitsiarutiksait study aimed to develop detailed profiles of Inuit health service utilization in Manitoba, by Inuit living in Manitoba (approximately 1,500) and by Inuit from the Kivalliq region of Nunavut who travel to Manitoba to access care not available in Nunavut (approximately 16,000 per year).

Methods

We used health administrative data routinely collected in Manitoba for all services provided and developed an algorithm to identify Inuit in the dataset. This paper focused on health services used by Inuit from the Kivalliq for prenatal care and birthing.

Results

Our study found that approximately 80 percent of births to women from the Kivalliq region occur in Manitoba, primarily in Winnipeg. When perinatal care and birthing are combined, they constitute one third of all consults happening by Kivalliq residents in Manitoba. For scale, hospitalizations for childbirths to Kivalliq women about to only 5 percent of all childbirth-related hospitalizations in Manitoba.

Conclusions

The practice of evacuating women from the Kivalliq for perinatal care and birthing is rooted in colonialism, rationalized as ensuring that women whose pregnancy is at high risk have access to specialized care not available in Nunavut. While defendable, this practice is costly, and does not provide Inuit women a choice as to where to birth. Attempts at relocating birthing to the north have proven complex to operationalize. Given this, there is an urgent need to develop Inuit-centric and culturally appropriate perinatal and birthing care in Manitoba.
Artificial intelligence to guide precision anticancer therapy with multitargeted kinase inhibitors
Authors: Singha Manali , Pu Limeng , Stanfield Brent A. , Uche Ifeanyi K. , Rider Paul J. F. , Kousoulas Konstantin G. , Ramanujam J. , Brylinski Michal
Published: November 2022

Background

Vast amounts of rapidly accumulating biological data related to cancer and a remarkable progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have paved the way for precision oncology. Our recent contribution to this area of research is CancerOmicsNet, an AI-based system to predict the therapeutic effects of multitargeted kinase inhibitors across various cancers. This approach was previously demonstrated to outperform other deep learning methods, graph kernel models, molecular docking, and drug binding pocket matching.

Methods

CancerOmicsNet integrates multiple heterogeneous data by utilizing a deep graph learning model with sophisticated attention propagation mechanisms to extract highly predictive features from cancer-specific networks. The AI-based system was devised to provide more accurate and robust predictions than data-driven therapeutic discovery using gene signature reversion.

Results

Selected CancerOmicsNet predictions obtained for “unseen” data are positively validated against the biomedical literature and by live-cell time course inhibition assays performed against breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer cell lines. Encouragingly, six molecules exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative activities, with pan-CDK inhibitor JNJ-7706621 and Src inhibitor PP1 being the most potent against the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc 04.03.

Conclusions

CancerOmicsNet is a promising AI-based platform to help guide the development of new approaches in precision oncology involving a variety of tumor types and therapeutics.
Prognostic model for overall survival that includes the combination of platelet count and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio within the first six weeks of sunitinib treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sato Miki Takenaka , Ida Ayuki , Kanda Yuki , Takano Kaori , Ohbayashi Masayuki , Kohyama Noriko , Morita Jun , Fuji Kohzo , Sasaki Haruaki , Ogawa Yoshio , Kogo Mari
Published: November 2022

Background

The association between the combination of platelet count and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (COP-NLR) at the time of adverse events during sunitinib treatment and prognosis is unclear, and prognostic models combining the prognostic factors of sunitinib have not been well studied. Thus, we developed a prognostic model that includes the COP-NLR to predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 102 patients treated with sunitinib for mRCC between 2008 and 2020 in three hospitals associated with Showa University, Japan. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The collected data included baseline patient characteristics, adverse events, laboratory values, and COP-NLR scores within the first 6 weeks of sunitinib treatment. Prognostic factors of OS were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The integer score was derived from the beta-coefficient (β) of these factors and was divided into three groups. The survival curves were visualized using the Kaplan–Meier method and estimated using a log-rank test.

Results

The median OS was 32.3 months. Multivariable analysis showed that the number of metastatic sites, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk group, number of metastases, non-hypertension, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, and 6-week COP-NLR were significantly associated with OS. A higher 6-week COP-NLR was significantly associated with a shorter OS (p < 0.001). The β values of the five factors for OS were scored (non-hypertension, mGPS, and 6-week COP-NLR = 1 point; number of metastatic sites = 2 points; MSKCC risk group = 3 points) and patients divided into three groups (≤ 1, 2–3, and ≥ 4). The low-risk (≤ 1) group had significantly longer OS than the high-risk (≥ 4) group (median OS: 99.0 vs. 6.2 months, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study showed that the COP-NLR within the first 6 weeks of sunitinib treatment had a greater impact on OS than the COP-NLR at the start of sunitinib treatment. The developed prognostic model for OS, including the 6-week COP-NLR, will be useful in decision-making to continue sunitinib in the early treatment stage of patients with mRCC.
The role of school connectedness in the prevention of youth depression and anxiety: a systematic review with youth consultation
Authors: Raniti Monika , Rakesh Divyangana , Patton George C. , Sawyer Susan M.
Published: November 2022

Background

School connectedness reflects the quality of students’ engagement with peers, teachers, and learning in the school environment. It has attracted attention from both the health and education sectors as a potentially modifiable protective factor for common mental health problems. However, the extent to which school connectedness may prevent the onset of youth depression or anxiety or promote their remission is unclear. This systematic review examined evidence for prospective relationships between school connectedness and depression and anxiety, and the effect of interventions to improve school connectedness on depression and anxiety.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ERIC electronic databases for peer-reviewed quantitative longitudinal, or intervention studies published from 2011–21 in English examining relationships between school connectedness and anxiety and/or depression. Participants were 14–24 years old when depression and anxiety outcomes were assessed in any education setting in any country. We partnered with five youth advisers (aged 16–21 years) with lived experience of mental health problems and/or the schooling system in Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to ensure that youth perspectives informed the review.

Results

Our search identified 3552 unique records from which 34 longitudinal and 2 intervention studies were ultimately included. Studies were primarily from the United States of America (69.4%). Depression and anxiety outcomes were first measured at 14 years old, on average. Most studies found a significant protective relationship between higher levels of school connectedness and depressive and/or anxiety symptoms; more measured depression than anxiety. A few studies found a non-significant relationship. Both intervention studies designed to increase school connectedness improved depression, one through improvements in self-esteem and one through improvements in relationships at school.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that school connectedness may be a novel target for the prevention of depression and anxiety. We were not able to determine whether improving school connectedness promotes remission in young people already experiencing depression and anxiety. More studies examining anxiety, diagnostic outcomes, and beyond North America are warranted, as well as intervention trials.

Trial registration

PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021270967.
Are intersectoral costs considered in economic evaluations of interventions relating to sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? A systematic review
Authors: Schnitzler Lena , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Jackson Louise J. , Paulus Aggie T. G. , Roberts Tracy E.
Published: November 2022

Background/objective

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) not only have an impact on the health sector but also the private resources of those affected, their families and other sectors of society (i.e. labour, education). This study aimed to i) review and identify economic evaluations of interventions relating to STIs, which aimed to include a societal perspective; ii) analyse the intersectoral costs (i.e. costs broader than healthcare) included; iii) categorise these costs by sector; and iv) assess the impact of intersectoral costs on the overall study results.

Methods

Seven databases were searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit and NHS EED. Key search terms included terms for economic evaluation, STIs and specific infections. This review considered trial- and model-based economic evaluations conducted in an OECD member country. Studies were included that assessed intersectoral costs. Intersectoral costs were extracted and categorised by sector using Drummond’s cost classification scheme (i.e. patient/family, productivity, costs in other sectors). A narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

Twenty-nine studies qualified for data extraction and narrative synthesis. Twenty-eight studies applied a societal perspective of which 8 additionally adopted a healthcare or payer perspective, or both. One study used a modified payer perspective. The following sectors were identified: patient/family, informal care, paid labour (productivity), non-paid opportunity costs, education, and consumption. Patient/family costs were captured in 11 studies and included patient time, travel expenses, out-of-pocket costs and premature burial costs. Informal caregiver support (non-family) and unpaid help by family/friends was captured in three studies. Paid labour losses were assessed in all but three studies. Three studies also captured the costs and inability to perform non-paid work. Educational costs and future non-health consumption costs were each captured in one study. The inclusion of intersectoral costs resulted in more favourable cost estimates.

Conclusions

This systematic review suggests that economic evaluations of interventions relating to STIs that adopt a societal perspective tend to be limited in scope. There is an urgent need for economic evaluations to be more comprehensive in order to allow policy/decision-makers to make better-informed decisions.
“It was protected, except, it wasn’t [with] a condom": a mixed-methods study of BBVs/STIs protective practices among International University Students in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Okeke Sylvester Reuben
Published: November 2022

Background

A number of previous sex-related studies among international students in Australia and other Western societies may be limited by conflating students from conservative and non-conservative sexual backgrounds. Such conflation leads to situations where nuances and complexities around sex-related experiences are lost or, at most, tangentially investigated. To address this research problem, this study used a mixed-methods design to examine protective practices against blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections (BBVs/STIs) among Sydney-based East Asian and sub-Saharan African international students.

Methods

This mixed-methods study generated quantitative data using anonymous online survey (n = 149), and qualitative data through in-depth interviews (n = 20). The main recruitment strategy involved advertising the study through paper and electronic flyers. Quantitative data were analysed using logistic regression, while interviews data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Self-reported BBVs/STIs protective practices in the last 12 months include abstinence (28.7%), consistent condom use (19.9%), occasional condom use (18.7%), single partner fidelity (25.1%), other strategies (1.8%), and nothing (5.8%). Further, findings from the bivariate analysis showed higher BBVs/STIs prevention knowledge, lower acculturation into Australian sexual culture, greater access to sexual health information, less conservative sexual norms, greater emotional social support and older age were significantly associated with increased protective practices. Variables significant at bivariate level were entered into a logistic regression. The model was statistically significant, (X2(6) = 31.33, p < 0.01) and explained 33.1% of the variance in BBVs/STIs protective practices. However, only acculturation to sexual norms in Australia (OR = 0.883, 95% CI = 0.820–0.952) was found to be independent predictor of BBVs/STIs protective practices.

The results of the study based on the quantitative data, indicated condom use (consistent and occasional) was the most reported BBVs/STIs protective behaviour among sexually active participants. Therefore, interviews data was used to explore condom-use motives and practices. The interviews results showed participants primary concern as regards condom use was around pregnancy and not BBVs/STIs. Thus, some participants described safe sex largely as contraception, with BBVs/STIs constituting a secondary concern or no concern at all.

Conclusions

Based on the results of this study, tailored sexual health interventions for international students; which incorporate strategies for modifying perceived sexual norms in Australia, are advocated. In addition, this study recommends sexual health interventions that promote dual protection of condoms for both contraception and BBVs/STIs.
School Menu Review Programme (PReME): evaluation of compliance with dietary recommendations during the period 2006–2020 in Catalonia
Authors: Blanquer-Genovart Maria , Manera-Bassols Maria , Salvador-Castell Gemma , Cunillera-Puértolas Oriol , Castell-Abat Conxa , Cabezas-Peña Carmen
Published: November 2022

Background

The School Menu Review Programme (PReME) has been offering complimentary revisions of meal plans to all schools in Catalonia since 2006. This study aims to assess the evolution of compliance with PReME’s recommendations in the meals provided by school cafeterias in Catalonia during the period 2006–2020.

Methods

Pre-post study with a sample of 6,387 meal plans from 2221 schools assessed during the period. The information was collected mainly by public health specialists within the annual technical and sanitary inspection of school kitchens and cafeterias. Meal plans were evaluated by Dietitian-Nutritionists team according to the criteria of the National Health System’s “Consensus document on nutrition in schools” and the Public Health Agency of Catalonia’s current guide “Healthy eating at school”. Reports were sent to each participating school. A few months later, a new meal plan and another questionnaire were collected and evaluated in comparison with the first meal plan. Compliance with the recommendations was analysed based on the type of canteen management and the school category.

Results

Compliance improved during the study period. The percentage of schools that complied with dietary recommendations in relation to the five PReME indicators (fresh fruit, pulses, daily vegetables, fresh food and olive oil for dressing) has steadily increased since PReME began, (over 70% in all indictors; p =  < 0.001), with variations depending on school category and cafeteria management. Furthermore, an improvement in the levels of compliance with de recommended food frequencies was observed. with statistically significant differences for all items (p < 0.001), except for pulses whose compliance had been high since the beginning of the study (p = 0.216).

Conclusions

The positive evolution in compliance with PReME’s recommendations provides evidence of the programme’s effectiveness, with an improvement in the quality of school meals delivered in Catalonia.
HIV testing and associated factors among men (15-64 years) in Eastern Africa: a multilevel analysis using the recent demographic and health survey
Authors: Adugna Dagnew Getnet , Worku Misganaw Gebrie
Published: November 2022

Background

Despite significant efforts made to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, its testing coverage among men is still low and remains a major concern in low-income countries, particularly in East Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HIV testing among men in Eastern Africa.

Methods

We analyzed secondary data using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) drawn from Eastern African countries. Besides, we merged DHS data from eleven Eastern African countries. In this study, we included secondary data from 113, 270 men aged 15-64 years. The outcome variable of this study was “ever been tested for HIV”. Bivariable and multivariable multi-level logistic regression analyses were employed. In the bivariable analysis, variables having a P-value of less than 0.2 were selected for multivariable analysis. Lastly, variables with a P-value of < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were declared as a significant factor associated with HIV testing and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to determine the strength and direction of the association.

Results

The overall prevalence of HIV testing among men in eastern Africa was 60.5% (95% CI: 60.2, 60.7%). In the multivariable multilevel analysis; participant’s older age, being married, increased poverty, HIV knowledge, risky sexual behavior, and being covered by health insurance were positively associated with HIV testing coverage among men. However, men with higher community illiteracy levels, residing in rural settings, age at first sex ≥20 years, and higher stigmatized attitudes towards HIV/AIDS had lower odds of being tested for HIV.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of HIV testing among men in eastern Africa was relatively higher than the previous studies. The study revealed that age, marital status, residence, age at first sex, community poverty level, community illiteracy level, HIV knowledge, HIV stigma indicator, risky sexual behavior, and health insurance were significantly associated with HIV testing coverage among men. Therefore, all the concerned stakeholders need to develop an integrated strategic plan through providing special attention to the factors that affect the uptake of HIV testing to raise awareness about the importance of HIV testing and to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission.
Association of lung function and blood glucose level: a 10-year study in China
Authors: Li Wei , Ning Yi , Ma Yuan , Lin Xinshan , Man Sailimai , Wang Bo , Wang Chen , Yang Ting
Published: November 2022

Background

At present, chronic respiratory diseases are a major burden in terms of morbidity and mortality and are of increasing public health concern in China. Meanwhile, the prevalence of diabetes has increased by more than 10 times over the last 40 years. While a few studies have investigated the association between chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus, the association is not clear. This study aimed to explore this association and provide evidence.

Methods

In this single-center study, we enrolled participants aged ≥ 20 years undergoing at least two regular health check-ups from 2009 to 2019 at MJ Healthcare Center in Beijing. Each health check-up included physical examination, biochemical tests, a pulmonary function test, a questionnaire. A total of 11,107 adults were included, and cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed.

Results

We found that both prediabetic and diabetic adults had lower lung function than the normal population at baseline, indicating that lung function decline may start from prediabetic status. Quantitatively, with 1-mmol/L increase in fasting plasma glucose level, the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC% and FEV1% lowered by 25 ml, 13 ml, 0.71-1.03%, and 0.46-0.72%, respectively. However, no significant difference was found in the rates for the lung function decline among different baseline diabetes statuses.

Conclusion

People with higher blood glucose level had more severe lung function decline, with decline starting from prediabetic status, but no significant difference was noted in the rate of lung function decline based on different baseline diabetic statuses.
CircRNA has_circ_0017109 promotes lung tumor progression via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling due to modulating miR-671-5p/FZD4 axis
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Bin , Qi Qi , Wang Changli
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Accumulating evidence highlights the critical roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the malignant progression of cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of a newly identified circRNA (hsa_circ_0017109) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and examined its downstream molecular targets.

Methods

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were conducted to quantify gene and protein expression. In vitro functional assays such as colony formation assay, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to study cell proliferation and apoptosis. RNA pull-down assay, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to validate molecular interaction. Mouse xenograft model of NSCLC cells was used to assess the role of circ_0017109 in tumorigenesis.

Results

Circ_0017109 was upregulated in NSCLC tumor samples and cells. Silencing circ_0017109 impaired cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells, and circ_0017109 knockdown suppressed in vivo tumorigenesis of NSCLC cells in mouse xenograft model. MiR-671-5p was identified as a target of circ_0017109, and circ_0017109 negatively impacted on miR-671-5p expression. MiR-671-5p downregulated FZD4 and dampened the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Circ_0017109 modulated FZD4 expression by suppressing miR-671-5p activity.

Conclusions

Elevated circ_0017109 expression promotes tumor progression of NSCLC by modulating miR-671-5p/FZD4/β-catenin axis.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) deficiency causes age-dependent progression of female osteoporosis
Authors: Kubo Yusuke , Gonzalez Jesus Abraham Herrera , Beckmann Rainer , Weiler Marek , Pahlavani Helda , Saldivar Mauricio Cruz , Szymanski Katharina , Rosenhain Stefanie , Fragoulis Athanassios , Leeflang Sander , Slowik Alexander , Gremse Felix , Wolf Michael , Mirzaali Mohammad Javad , Zadpoor Amir Abbas , Wruck Christoph Jan , Pufe Thomas , Tohidnezhad Mersedeh , Jahr Holger
Published: November 2022

Background

Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor for cellular redox homeostasis. The association of Nrf2 with elderly female osteoporotic has yet to be fully described. The aim was to elucidate a potential age-dependent Nrf2 contribution to female osteoporosis in mice.

Methods

Eighteen female wild type (WT) and 16 Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice were sacrificed at different ages (12 weeks = young mature adult and 90 weeks = old) to analyze their femurs. The morphological properties (trabecular and cortical) were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and compared to gold standard histochemistry analysis. The quasi-static compression tests were performed to calculate the mechanical properties of bones. Additionally, the population of bone resorbing cells and aromatase expression by osteocytes was immunohistochemically evaluated and empty osteocyte lacunae was counted in cortical bone.

Results

Old Nrf2-KO mice revealed a significantly reduced trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), cortical thickness, cortical area, and bone fraction compared to old WT mice, regardless of no significant difference in skeletally mature young adult mice between WT and KO. Specifically, while all old WT mice showed thin metaphyseal trabeculae, trabecular bone was completely absent in 60% of old KO mice. Additionally, old KO mice showed significantly more osteoclast-like cells and fewer aromatase-positive osteocytes than WT mice, whereas the occurrence of empty osteocyte lacunae did not differ between both groups. Nrf2-KO mice further showed an age-dependently reduced fracture resilience compared to age-matched WT mice.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that chronic Nrf2 loss can lead to age-dependent progression of female osteoporosis.
The combined utilization of predictors seems more suitable to diagnose and predict rotator cuff tears
Authors: Ma Qi , Sun Changjiao , Gao Hong , Cai Xu
Published: November 2022

Background

Morphological markers presenting the lateral extension of acromion and the greater tuberosity of humerus were proposed to diagnose and predict rotator cuff tears (RCTs) in recent years, but few studies have addressed the combined performance when using two predictors together. As a presence of a RCT may be associated with the impingement caused by both acromion and the greater tuberosity, we believe a combined utilization of predictors could result in a better diagnostic and predictive performance than using a single predictor. The aim of this study is to (i) explore whether the combination is more efficient to predict and diagnose RCTs; (ii) find out which combination is the most superior screening approach for RCTs.

Methods

This was a retrospective study and patients who visited our hospital and were diagnosed with or without partial-thickness or full-thickness RCTs via magnetic resonance imaging from January 2018 to April 2022 were enrolled and classified into two groups respectively. Four predictors, the critical shoulder angle (CSA), the acromion index (AI), the greater tuberosity angle (GTA) and the double-circle radius ratio (DRR) were picked to participate in the present study. Quantitative variables were compared by independent samples t tests and qualitative variables were compared by chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to construct discriminating combined models to further diagnose and predict RCTs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were pictured to determine the overall diagnostic performance of the involved predictors and the combined models.

Results

One hundred and thirty-nine shoulders with RCTs and 57 shoulders without RCTs were included. The mean values of CSA (35.36 ± 4.57 versus 31.41 ± 4.09°, P < 0.001), AI (0.69 ± 0.08 versus 0.63 ± 0.08, P < 0.001), DRR (1.43 ± 0.10 versus 1.31 ± 0.08, P < 0.001) and GTA (70.15 ± 7.38 versus 64.75 ± 7.91°, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the RCT group than for controls. Via ROC curves, we found the combined model always showed a better diagnostic performance than either of its contributors. Via logistic regression analysis, we found the values of both predictors over their cutoff values resulted in an increasement (20.169—161.214 folds) in the risk of having a RCT, which is more than that by using a single predictor only (2.815 -11.191 folds).

Conclusion

The combined utilization of predictors is a better approach to diagnose and predict RCTs than using a single predictor, and CSA together with DRR present the strongest detectability for a presence of RCTs.
Implication of cystic fluid cytology of renal cell carcinoma on surgical practice
Authors: Hur Kyung Jae , Hooti Qais , Shin Dongho , Park Yong Hyun , Bae Woong Jin , Cho Hyukjin , Ha U-syn , Lee Ji Youl , Choi Yeong Jin , Hong Sung-Hoo
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the incidence of positive cystic fluid cytology and its risk factors in cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) addressing its implication on the current surgical practice.

Methods

All clinically diagnosed Bosniak III, IV cystic renal masses from March 2019 to August 2022 were studied prospectively. Database of patients’ demographics and cystic tumor characteristics were recorded. Partial or radical nephrectomies were performed by either laparoscopic or robotic approach. Cystic fluid was collected right after specimen retrieval in the surgical field and examined by pathologist. Cytology results were compared to the demographic, perioperative variables using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

A total of 70 patients of histologically confirmed cystic RCC were included. Sixty seven patients underwent radical nephrectomy with laparoscopic or robotic approaches, while 3 patients underwent radical nephrectomy. There was no intraoperative cystic rupture or fluid spillage. Positive cystic fluid cytology findings were identified in 34 (48.6%) patients, while negative cystic fluid cytology were identified in 36 (51.4%) cases. Definite malignant cells were observed in 28 patients while the other six patients showed highly suspicious atypical cells. Histologically, 24 (70.8%) patients were proven clear cell RCC and 25 (73%) showed Fuhrman grade 1 or 2 in final histologic review in positive group. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis between positive and negative cytology groups showed that the presence of the malignant cells in cystic fluid was significantly associated with patients’ age (> 55 years) and Bosniak grade of cystic tumor (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Definite malignant cells in cystic fluid cytology were observed through our study. Additionally, patients’ age (> 55 years) and Bosniak grade were the significant risk factors of positive cytology in cystic RCC. Therefore, necessity of meticulous manipulation of cystic renal tumors, despite their clinical features, should not be underemphasized to avoid the least possible tumor cell seeding in case of cystic rupture when operating such high risk of positive cytology.
NEAT1 promotes the malignant development of bladder cancer by regulating the miR-101/VEGF-C pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Yu Shuang , Fei Kuilin , Huang Zhongxin , Deng Shidong , Xu Hanfeng
Published: November 2022

Background

NEAT1 has been shown to play an oncogenic role in many kinds of cancers. However, detailed roles of NEAT1 in bladder cancer are largely unknown.

Methods

In the present study, the expression of NEAT1, miR-101 and VEGF-C was detected in human bladder cancer samples. The relationship between NEAT1 and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer was analysed. In vitro experiments explored the effects of NEAT1 on biological behaviours of bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cells. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase assays were used to assay the regulatory mechanism of action of NEAT1 and miR-101. Loss and gain of the expression of miR-101 and VEGF-C were used to explore the effects of the NEAT1/miR-101/VEGF-C pathway on T24 and 5637 cells. The effect of NEAT1 on the growth of bladder cancer in vivo was explored using an orthotopic tumourigenesis model.

Results

NEAT1 and VEGF-C were significantly upregulated in bladder cancer samples, and miR-101 was significantly downregulated. NEAT1 upregulation was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival of patients with bladder cancer. Overexpression of NEAT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. The results of the luciferase assay indicated that miR-101 was a target of NEAT1. The promoting effects of NEAT1 on bladder cancer cells were reversed by miR-101 upregulation, and inhibition of miR-101 enhanced the effects of NEAT1. Overexpression of VEGF-C had a clear synergistic effect with the action of NEAT1. Overexpression of NEAT1 increased tumour growth and induced the development of liver metastasis.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our data indicated that NEAT1 was expressed at high levels in bladder cancer patients and correlated with unfavourable prognosis. NEAT1 promoted malignant development of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo by regulating the miR-101/VEGF-C pathway.
Novel sedentary cage induced sedentariness in rats: evidence from relevant biomarkers
Authors: Alabi Quadri K. , Akomolafe Rufus O.
Published: November 2022

Background

Sedentary behavior or physical inactivity is considered a foremost contributor to the rise in obesity and overweight and a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. However, its effect on the etiopathogenesis of some diseases is underestimated in both developed and developing countries worldwide. The present study designed a novel sedentary cage with a view to achieving sedentariness in rats, and also investigated the effectiveness of the cage in achieving sedentariness by assessing some markers of cardiometabolic risks in Wistar rats.

Methods

Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of six rats. Rats in Group 1 were the control. The sedentary groups were 4-hr. sedentary and 8-hr. sedentary. The sedentary rats were subjected to restrained movements for 4 and 8 hours daily in the sedentary cage for 3 months. Anthropometric indices, food consumption and blood pressure parameters of the rats were measured. Microalbuminuria and serum glucose, uric acid, albumin, nitric oxide, endothelin-1, insulin, inflammatory markers were also Measured.

Results

Results indicated significant increases in body weight, BMI, Lee index, food consumption, systolic and diastolic pressure and decrease in serum nitric oxide bioavailability in the 8-hr sedentary rats. There were also significant increases in serum glucose, uric acid, endothelin-1, insulin, CRP and microalbuminuria in the 8-hr. sedentary rats in comparison with the control. The interleukin-6 and TNF-α also revealed a significant increase in the 8-hr. sedentary rats compared with the control. However, there was no significant difference in cortisol level across all the groups.

Conclusions

We concluded that the novel sedentary cage successfully caused sedentariness in the rats as evident by the alteration in the cardiometabolic health in the rats, especially the group that were made sedentary for 8 h.
HIV is still a major public health problem among pregnant women attending ANC in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Worku Workie Zemene , Azale Telake , Ayele Tadesse Awoke , Mekonnen Dawit Kassahun
Published: November 2022

Background

The burden of HIV is disproportionately higher among women of reproductive age contributing more than half of the global share. The situation in Ethiopia is not exceptional. The present study was done to determine the proportion of HIV among pregnant women in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.

Method

Institutions-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to December 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 538 study participants from pregnant women who had ANC follow-up in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State. Data on socio-demographic, clinical, obstetric, behavioral as well as psychosocial characteristics were gathered using an interviewer administered structured and standardized instruments. The data was entered into Epi-Data Manager V4.6.0.0 and exported to STATA version 14 for data analyses. Descriptive statics were computed to summarize the participant’s characteristics. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between dependent and independent variables. Independent variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level (CI).

Results

The proportion of HIV infection among pregnant women was 8.68% (95% CI: 6.5, 11.4). Completing secondary school education (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04—0.53), graduated from college (AOR = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01—0.22), and family monthly income greater than 8001 ETB (1 USD = 56 ETB) (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04—0.87) were protective factors associated with maternal HIV. On the other hand, history of previous abortion (AOR = 7.73; 95% CI: 3.33—17.95) and positive syphilis status (AOR = 10.28; 95% CI: 2.80—37.62) were risk factors associated with maternal HIV status.

Conclusion

The proportion of HIV infection among pregnant women was found to be high. Advanced level of education, relatively higher monthly income, history of abortion and previous syphilis status were associated factors with HIV status. Strengthening women's formal education; empowering women in all spheres of life (especially improving their economic standing that prevents women from engaging in risky sexual practices); educating women about HIV transmission methods and HIV prevention and control strategies using behavior change intervention strategy prepared for women to reduce their vulnerability; advocating for the use of family planning to reduce unsafe abortions and syphilis; as well as regular screening and testing for syphilis are recommended.
Pentamidine inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in endometrial cancer via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Lin Lin , Gao Yunan , Hu Xiaochen , Ouyang Jiabao , Liu Chunbo
Published: November 2022

Background

Pentamidine has been reported to have many pharmacological effects including anti- protozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential therapeutic role of Pentamidine and molecular mechanisms of Pentamidine on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway underlying the anti-tumor properties in endometrial cancer.

Methods

Our study was carried out in the central laboratory of Harbin Medical University from 2019 to 2021. Human endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and HEC-1A were treated with Pentamidine. The proliferation ability of cells was investigated by MTS and colony formation assays. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by using the wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Western blotting was performed to measure the levels of AKT, p-AKT, MMP-2, and MMP-9.

Results

Our results revealed that treatment of Pentamidine inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of Ishikawa and HEC-1A endometrial cancer cells. Mechanistic investigation showed that Pentamidine inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and also reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, co-treatment with PI3K kinase inhibitor LY294002 and Pentamidine leaded to increased repression of cell viability and the protein expression of p-AKT in Ishikawa cells.

Conclusions

Pentamidine suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of EC cells. These findings suggested that Pentamidine might be a potential candidate for treating EC through PI3K/AKT pathway.