bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Putting a Queer Shoulder to the Wheel:
Authors: KELEN CHRISTOPHER (KIT)
Published: February 2015

This article surveys the ironizing and the parody of national devotions in the world today, as these rhetorical strategies refer to what we can think of as “anthem quality”—that soul-stirring effect that certain combinations of music and lyrics achieve, most typically in the service of national affiliation. Anthem parodies, anti-anthems, and antinational anthems are distinguished in order to understand the rhetorical nature of anthems and the alternative texts to which they give rise. Although anthems of the national kind are (like their religious predecessors) combinations of lyrics and music, the interest of this article is confined to lyrics and, in some cases, unaccompanied words, that relate ironically or parodically to national devotions and the affect inspired by them. This article considers how the parody of anthems and the ironizing of “anthem quality” may be an expression of devotion to nations with pluralist democratic traditions or pretensions.
Control de Broca de Café (Hypothememus hampei) por medio del microorganismo benéfico Beauveria bassiana en la zona de reserva La Botija, San Marcos de Colón
Authors: Sierra Molina Claudia Patricia , Marroquín Liliam Carina
Published: February 2015

El café es uno de los principales productos agrícolas de exportación de Honduras; la broca del fruto del café es una plaga de insectos conocida científicamente como Hypothememus hampei, y en su forma de adulto, el insecto es un pequeño escarabajo de coloración oscura con un cuerpo cilíndrico, robusto, recurvado en la región posterior. En Honduras esta plaga se cita por primera vez en 1977, afectando un área aislada aproximadamente de 300 manzanas, implicando importantes pérdidas en los rendimientos por cosecha. Para lo cual ha desarrollado un programa de control de manejo integrado, fundamentado en la biología de la broca y su relación con el desarrollo del fruto, que se combina con control cultural y un control biológico. El control biológico usado es el hongo Beauveria Bassiana que es un parásito de las brocas que después de 3 a 6 días, en condiciones de humedad saturada, causa infecciones y posteriormente su muerte, confirmando los resultados positivos durante el ensayo en los lotes seleccionados. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pc.v4i0.1859 Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 4, julio 2013: 31-37
"Silent" Films, Singing Voices: Vocal Accompaniment in Viennese Moving Picture Exhibition, 1913-1923
Authors: Windisch Anna K. , Tieber Claus
Published: February 2015

Continuing the endeavors for more detailed and nationally diverse studies of "silent" film sound, this article explores the deployment of the singing voice in Vienna’s movie theaters, discussing the city’s specific preconditions for cinema sound and the resulting proliferation of vocal performances in film exhibition focusing on the years 1913 to 1923.
Impact of Water Heaters on the Formation of Disinfection By‐products
Authors: Liu Boning , Reckhow David A.
Published: February 2015

This study examined the effect of water heaters and home‐heating scenarios on the formation and decomposition of disinfection by‐products (DBPs). Residential concentrations of DBPs were investigated in cold and hot tap water samples from 18 houses equipped with conventional water heaters or on‐demand, tankless heaters. The houses were served by a western Massachusetts water system. On‐demand heating without long‐term storage of hot water resulted in little or no change in DBP formation. In contrast, the research indicated that long‐term storage could lead to an increase in trihalomethanes, haloacetic acid, and chloropicrin, whereas the concentrations of dichloroacetonitrile and trichloropropane resulted from competition and decomposition. In the bench‐scale study for this article, laboratory incubation and different heating scenarios (short‐term and long‐term) were tested to confirm the effect of stagnation and high temperature on DBP concentrations in different types of heaters.
Effects of Pipe Wall Offsets on Differential Pressure Meter Accuracy
Authors: Pope Jesse M. , Barfuss Steven L. , Johnson Michael C. , Sharp Zachary B.
Published: February 2015

Accurate flow measurement is essential for the management of any type of fluid system. This research investigated the effect on accuracy that five types of 12‐in. differential‐pressure flow meters have as a result of being installed in pipelines of differing inside diameter. The types of meters chosen for this research were the classical Venturi meter, Halmi Venturi Tube, wedge meter, V‐cone meter, and the X‐meter. Each meter was tested for accuracy with10 pipe wall offsets varying from a 0.125‐in. sudden contraction to a 0.937‐in. sudden expansion of the pipe radius. The meters' reading during each test series was compared with the meters' reading with no pipe wall offset at the same Reynolds number. This research demonstrated that for accurate flow measurement, most flow meters require that the inside diameter of the piping be the same as the inside diameter of the meter.
Evaluation of Effects of Potential Group cVOC Regulations on Two Utilities
Authors: Roth Damon K. , Cornwell David A. , Carpenter Adam T.
Published: February 2015

The US Environmental Protection Agency has identified carcinogenic volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) as the first group to be regulated as part of the agency's new strategy to regulate contaminants as a group. The structure of a cVOC group rule has not been published, but the US Environmental Protection Agency has identified two potential approaches: (1) establishing a group maximum contaminant level that is based on the sum of contaminant concentrations or (2) establishing a group maximum contaminant level that is based on the sum risk‐weighted contaminant concentrations. Working from these two approaches, the AWWA cVOC Workgroup has developed six potential regulatory scenarios for a group cVOC rule. Case studies of two Long Island, N.Y., utilities were conducted using historical data from those utilities' existing packed tower aeration treatment systems. The performance of the existing packed tower aeration treatment systems when treating historical peak cVOC influent concentrations was modeled to determine compliance with the six potential regulatory scenarios.
Registered report: Tumour vascularization via endothelial differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells
Authors: Chroscinski Denise , Sampey Darryl , Maherali Nimet ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Published: February 2015

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of 50 papers in the field of cancer biology published between 2010 and 2012. This Registered report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from ‘Tumour vascularization via endothelial differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells’ by Ricci-Vitiani and colleagues, published in Nature in 2010 (Ricci-Vitiani et al., 2010). The experiments that will be replicated are those reported in Figure 4B and Supplementary Figure 10B (Ricci-Vitiani et al., 2010), which demonstrate that glioblastoma stem-like cells can derive into endothelial cells, and can be selectively ablated to reduce tumor progression in vivo, and Supplementary Figures S10C and S10D (Ricci-Vitiani et al., 2010), which demonstrate that fully differentiated glioblastoma cells cannot form functionally relevant endothelium. The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange, and the results of the replications will be published by eLife.
Random Testing
Authors: Hamlet Richard
Published: February 2015

In computer science, originally in its rarefied offshoots centered around artificial‐intelligence laboratories at Stanford and MIT, the adjective “random” is slang with a number of derogatory connotations ranging from “assorted, various” to “not well organized” or “gratuitously wrong”. “Random testing” of a program in this sense describes testing badly or hastily done, the opposite ofsystematictesting such as functional testing or structural testing. This slang colloquial meaning, which might be rendered “haphazard testing” in normal parlance, is probably the common one, as in the sentence “Random testing, of course, is the most used and least useful method.” In contrast, the technical, mathematical meaning of “random testing” refers to an explicit lack of “system” in the choice of test data, so that there is no correlation among different tests. If the technical meaning contrasts “random” with “systematic,” it is in the sense that fluctuations in physical measurements are random (unpredictable or chaotic) vs. systematic (causal or lawful).

It desirable to be “unsystematic” on purpose in selecting test data for a program. Because there are efficient methods of selecting random points algorithmically, by computing pseudorandom numbers; thus a vast number of tests can be easily defined. Also statistical independence among test points allows statistical prediction of significance in the observed results.

In this article it will be seen that point (1) may be compromised because the required result of an easily generated test is not so easy to generate and (2) is the more important quality of random testing, both in practice and for the theory of software testing. To make an analogy with the case of physical measurement, it is only random fluctuations that can be “averaged out” to yield an improved measurement over many trials; systematic fluctuations might in principle be eliminated, but if their cause (or even their existence) is unknown, they forever invalidate the measurement. The analogy is better than it seems; in program testing, with systematic methods, we know what we are doing, but not what it means; only by giving up all systematization can the significance of testing be known.
New constraints on the variation of the geomagnetic field during the late Neolithic period: Archaeointensity results from Sichuan, southwestern China
Authors: Cai Shuhui , Chen Wei , Tauxe Lisa , Deng Chenglong , Qin Huafeng , Pan Yongxin , Yi Liang , Zhu Rixiang
Published: February 2015

We have carried out an archaeomagnetic study on a late Neolithic locality (Liujiazhai) in Sichuan, southwestern China. We pull together various dating techniques, including radiocarbon analysis, optically stimulated luminescence dating, stratigraphic information as well as archaeological and archaeomagnetic estimations, to constrain the age of the studied samples. Rock magnetic results indicate thermally stable fine‐grained magnetite or titanomagnetite as the dominant magnetic carriers. More than half of the specimens (141/246) in the paleointensity experiment pass the selection criteria and are considered to record robust intensity values. The virtual axial dipole moments range from approximately (2.8 to 7.8) × 1022 Am2with an average of 5.9 × 1022 Am2, indicating that the geomagnetic intensity around 3000 before the Common Era (B.C.E.) is overall lower than the present field intensity (9.8 × 1022 Am2) of this area. The new results from Liujiazhai are generally consistent with the published data of similar age but deviate from the only available model of CALS10k.1b at certain time periods, making them important for future improvements of the model. Those data are significant for constraining the variation of geomagnetic field intensity between ~3100 and 2600 B.C.E. and improving the regional model of eastern Asia.
Ridge subduction sparked reorganization of the Pacific plate‐mantle system 60–50 million years ago
Authors: Seton Maria , Flament Nicolas , Whittaker Joanne , Müller R. Dietmar , Gurnis Michael , Bower Dan J.
Published: February 2015

A reorganization centered on the Pacific plate occurred ~53–47 million years ago. A “top‐down” plate tectonic mechanism, complete subduction of the Izanagi plate, as opposed to a “bottom‐up” mantle flow mechanism, has been proposed as the main driver. Verification based on marine geophysical observations is impossible as most ocean crust recording this event has been subducted. Using a forward modeling approach, which assimilates surface plate velocities and shallow thermal structure of slabs into mantle flow models, we show that complete Izanagi plate subduction and margin‐wide slab detachment induced a major change in sub‐Pacific mantle flow, from dominantly southward before 60 Ma to north‐northeastward after 50 Ma. Our results agree with onshore geology, mantle tomography, and the inferred motion of the Hawaiian hot spot and are consistent with a plate tectonic process driving the rapid plate‐mantle reorganization in the Pacific hemisphere between 60 and 50 Ma. This reorganization is reflected in tectonic changes in the Pacific and surrounding ocean basins.
Characteristics of the meltwater field from a large Antarctic iceberg using
Authors: Helly John J. , Vernet Maria , Murray Alison E. , Stephenson Gordon R.
Published: February 2015

Large tabular icebergs represent a disruptive influence on a stable water column when drifting in the open ocean. This is a study of one iceberg, C18A, encountered in the Powell Basin in the Weddell Sea in March 2009, formed from iceberg C18 (
) originating from the Ross Ice Shelf in May 2002. C18A was lunate in shape with longest dimensions of
. The meltwater field from C18A was characterized using
from water samples collected near C18A (Near‐field, 0.4–2 km) and contrasted with a Far‐field comprised of samples from an Away site (19 km from C18A), a Control site (70 km away), and a region populated with small icebergs (Iceberg Alley, 175 km away). The in‐sample fractions of meteoric water were calculated relative
in iceberg ice and Weddell Deep Water and converted to meteoric water height (m) and a percentage within 100 m depth bins. The Near‐field and Far‐field difference from surface to 200 m was
%. The concentration of meteoric water dropped to approximately half that value below 200 m, approximate keel depth of the iceberg, although detectable to 600 m. From surface to 600 m, the overall difference was statistically significant (
). From this, we estimate the Near‐field volume astern of the iceberg (
) as a continuous source of meteoric water.
Cogasification of blended coal‐biomass in an air/steam BFB gasifier: Experimental investigation and model validation
Authors: Xu Qixiang , Pang Shusheng , Levi Tana
Published: February 2015

A series of cogasification experiments were performed at a 100 kW bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier to gasify the blended pellets made from two types of coals and woody biomass, with biomass‐to‐fuel mass ratios of 0–30%. In the cogasification, a mixture of air and steam was fed from the BFB gasifier bottom as gasification agent and the blended biomass‐coal pellets were fed into the bed layer. Impacts of biomass mass fraction in the binary pellets and gasification operation temperature on producer gas composition were experimentally investigated. The experimental results have been used to validate a mathematical model developed in this study. From both experimental observation and model prediction, it was found that adding biomass into coal has overall negative impact on producer gas quality in terms of combustible substance contents, and the extents of the blending effect were different among fuel types which have different properties. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1639–1647, 2015
Template‐free synthesis of single‐/double‐walled TiO2 nanovesicles: Potential photocatalysts for engineering application
Authors: Chen Gongde , Cheng He , Zhang Weixin , Yang Zeheng , Qiu Maoqin , Zhu Xiao , Chen Min
Published: February 2015

Significance

Single‐ and double‐walled anatase TiO2 nanovesicles have been, respectively, prepared by a template‐free hydrothermal treatment of Ti(SO4)2 with H2O2 and urea. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B indicates that double‐walled TiO2 nanovesicles have an initial lower but a final higher photocatalytic efficiency than single‐walled ones. All nanovesicles have significantly lower performance than commercially available P25 TiO2. The enhanced capacity for UV light absorption and· OH radicals production, large specific surface area, and unique hierarchical hollow architectures contribute to the enhanced photocatalytic activity and improved feasibility of anatase TiO2 nanovesicles for engineering applications. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1478–1482, 2015
Hospitalization due to cancer among German seafarers
Authors: Oldenburg Marcus , Harth Volker , Manuwald Ulf
Published: February 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the relative risk of cancer among male German seafarers employed on German vessels in respect of various shipboard ranks and types of vessel.

Methods

The seafarers' cancer discharge diagnoses from hospital were compared with those discharge diagnoses from the German general population and expressed as a standardized hospitalization ratio (SHR).

Results

The examined seafarers (on average 23,436 per year) showed a higher SHR for malignant neoplasms at all sites, in decreasing order for leukemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), respiratory cancer, and non‐melanoma skin cancer. Seafarers employed on tankers showed a considerably elevated SHR for malignant neoplasms at all sites, which was mainly attributable to their high SHR for leukemia and respiratory cancer.

Conclusions

Seafaring occupations pose an elevated risk of certain cancers. Further studies are required to evaluate to what extent occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances and lifestyle‐related unhealthy behaviours contribute to the increased risk of cancer in seafarers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:456–463, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Efficient One‐Pot Five‐Component Tandem Sequential Approach for the Synthesis of Pyranopyrazole Derivatives via Suzuki Coupling and Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Lu Zhangxiu , Xiao Jinlong , Wang Dongyang , Li Yiqun
Published: February 2015

A one‐pot tandem sequential protocol for efficient synthesis of a series of new pyranopyrazole derivatives has been developed involving Suzuki coupling of 4‐bromobenzaldehyde and arylboronic acids followed by a four‐component reaction from readily available ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile, and hydrazine hydrate. All of the products were fully characterized by melting point, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and HRMS. The structure of one of the products was further established by X‐ray diffraction analysis. This method should provide a useful strategy for the construction of pyranopyrazole heterocycles.
B‐cell very late antigen‐4 deficiency reduces leukocyte recruitment and susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmunity
Authors: Lehmann‐Horn Klaus , Sagan Sharon A. , Bernard Claude C.A. , Sobel Raymond A. , Zamvil Scott S.
Published: February 2015

Natalizumab, which binds very late antigen‐4 (VLA‐4), is a potent therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have focused primarily upon its capacity to interfere with T‐cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS). B cells are important in MS pathogenesis and express high levels of VLA‐4. Here, we report that the selective inhibition of VLA‐4 expression on B cells impedes CNS accumulation of B cells, and recruitment of Th17 cells and macrophages, and reduces susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These results underscore the importance of B‐cell VLA‐4 expression in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity and provide insight regarding mechanisms that may contribute to the benefit of natalizumab in MS, as well as candidate therapeutics that selectively target B cells. Ann Neurol 2015;77:902–908
Hippocampal sclerosis and TDP‐43 pathology in aging and Alzheimer disease
Authors: Nag Sukriti , Yu Lei , Capuano Ana W. , Wilson Robert S. , Leurgans Sue E. , Bennett David A. , Schneider Julie A.
Published: February 2015

Objective

To investigate the association of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) with TAR‐DNA binding protein of 43kDa (TDP‐43) and other common age‐related pathologies, dementia, probable Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitive domains in community‐dwelling older subjects.

Methods

Diagnoses of dementia, probable AD, and MCI in 636 autopsied subjects from the Religious Order Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project were based on clinical evaluation and cognitive performance tests. HS was defined as severe neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampal CA1 and/or subiculum. The severity and distribution of TDP‐43 were assessed, and other age‐related pathologies were also documented.

Results

HS was more common in those aged >90 years (18.0%) compared to younger subjects (9.2%). HS cases commonly coexisted with TDP‐43 pathology (86%), which was more severe (p < 0.001) in HS cases. Although HS also commonly coexisted with AD and Lewy body pathology; only TDP‐43 pathology increased the odds of HS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.07–3.34). In logistic regression models accounting for age, TDP‐43, and other common age‐related pathologies, HS cases had higher odds of dementia (OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.93–7.16), MCI, and probable AD (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.01–7.02). In linear regression models, including an interaction term for HS and TDP‐43 pathology, HS with coexisting TDP‐43 was associated with lower function in multiple cognitive domains, whereas HS without TDP‐43 did not have statistically significant associations. TDP‐43 without HS was separately related to lower episodic memory.

Interpretation

The combined roles of HS and TDP‐43 pathology are significant factors underlying global cognitive impairment and probable AD in older subjects. Ann Neurol 2015;77:942–952
Defective fast inactivation recovery of Nav1.4 in congenital myasthenic syndrome
Authors: Arnold W. David , Feldman Daniel H. , Ramirez Sandra , He Liuyuan , Kassar Darine , Quick Adam , Klassen Tara L. , Lara Marian , Nguyen Joanna , Kissel John T. , Lossin Christoph , Maselli Ricardo A.
Published: February 2015

Objective

To describe the unique phenotype and genetic findings in a 57‐year‐old female with a rare form of congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) associated with longstanding muscle fatigability, and to investigate the underlying pathophysiology.

Methods

We used whole‐cell voltage clamping to compare the biophysical parameters of wild‐type and Arg1457His‐mutant Nav1.4.

Results

Clinical and neurophysiological evaluation revealed features consistent with CMS. Sequencing of candidate genes indicated no abnormalities. However, analysis of SCN4A, the gene encoding the skeletal muscle sodium channel Nav1.4, revealed a homozygous mutation predicting an arginine‐to‐histidine substitution at position 1457 (Arg1457His), which maps to the channel's voltage sensor, specifically D4/S4. Whole‐cell patch clamp studies revealed that the mutant required longer hyperpolarization to recover from fast inactivation, which produced a profound use‐dependent current attenuation not seen in the wild type. The mutant channel also had a marked hyperpolarizing shift in its voltage dependence of inactivation as well as slowed inactivation kinetics.

Interpretation

We conclude that Arg1457His compromises muscle fiber excitability. The mutant fast‐inactivates with significantly less depolarization, and it recovers only after extended hyperpolarization. The resulting enhancement in its use dependence reduces channel availability, which explains the patient's muscle fatigability. Arg1457His offers molecular insight into a rare form of CMS precipitated by sodium channel inactivation defects. Given this channel's involvement in other muscle disorders such as paramyotonia congenita and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, our study exemplifies how variations within the same gene can give rise to multiple distinct dysfunctions and phenotypes, revealing residues important in basic channel function. Ann Neurol 2015;77:840–850
Investigation of the extraction process in gel‐spinning technology for ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Chen Meijuan , Jiang Binbo , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Stapf Siegfried , Mattea Carlos , Gong Qingxia
Published: February 2015

A portable, low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance scanner, the nuclear magnetic resonance mobile universal surface explorer, is introduced as a tool for investigating the extraction process of mineral oil in the gel‐spinning technology of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. Factors affecting the extraction process were studied systematically; these included the UHMWPE type, extraction agent type, and concentration and ultrasound. We found that the extraction process could be described by a replacement–dilution dual‐effect model. The extraction agent not only replaced and extracted the mineral oil but also considerably decreased the viscosity of mineral oil and thus enhanced the molecular motion and diffusion of mineral oil. Although chloroform had a smaller molecular size and lower boiling point, benzene and cyclohexane were found to exhibit more efficient extraction and dilution effects on mineral oil. The extraction efficiency could be characterized by the diffusion of mineral oil in the mineral oil/UHMWPE gel/deuterated extraction agent multicomponent systems during the extraction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42018.
Effects of glucose‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of chitosan nanocomposite films
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Madani Maryam
Published: February 2015

A series of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grafted by chitosan nanocomposite (NC) films were prepared by a direct blending process and solution casting method. In this study, we modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes with glucose (MWCNT–Gl) for this purpose, and the effects of MWCNT–Gl on the structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of chitosan films with different contents of MWCNT–Gl were investigated. The structure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the composite were examined by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical testing. The results indicate that the MWCNTs treated by glucose were dispersed well in the chitosan matrix, and the tensile properties of the NC films were improved greatly compared with neat chitosan. Also, with increasing MWCNT–Gl content, the crystalline nature of chitosan decreased. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42022.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties of 6‐Amino‐tetrazolo[1,5‐b]‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐7‐N‐oxide: A Nitrogen‐Rich Material with High Density
Authors: Wei Hao , Zhang Jiaheng , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: February 2015

The synthesis and energetic properties of a novel N‐oxide high‐nitrogen compound, 6‐amino‐tetrazolo[1,5‐b]‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐7‐N‐oxide, are described. Resulting from the N‐oxide and fused rings system, this molecule exhibits high density, excellent detonation properties, and acceptable impact and friction sensitivities, which suggests potential applications as an energetic material. Compared to known high‐nitrogen compounds, such as 3,6‐diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (DiAT), 2,4,6‐tri(azido)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TAT), and 4,4′,6,6′‐tetra(azido)azo‐1,3,5‐triazine (TAAT), a marked performance and stability increase is seen. This supports the superior qualities of this new compound and the advantage of design strategy.
Syntheses and luminescent properties of a copolymer of terbium‐p‐aminobenzoic acid–methacrylic acid and styrene
Authors: Zhang A. Q. , Yang Y. M. , Li L. P. , Zhai G. M. , Jia H. S. , Liu X. G. , Xu B. S.
Published: February 2015

A reactive Tb(III) complex with p‐aminobenzoic acid (p‐ABA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as ligands was synthesized. A novel copolymer was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of styrene and the reactive Tb(III) complex in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as the initiator. IR and UV/Vis spectra indicate that the copolymer exhibited absorption from polystyrene and the complex. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the copolymer remained stable up to 357°C and the thermal stability was significantly improved in comparison with polymer matrix and the Tb(III) complex. The luminescent intensity of the synthetic terbium macromolecular complexes increased with increasing complex monomer content. Moreover, concentration quenching was not observed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospital teaching status and volume related to mortality after pancreatic cancer surgery in a national cohort
Authors: Derogar M , Blomberg J , Sadr-Azodi O
Published: February 2015

Background

The association between hospital teaching status and mortality after pancreatic resection is not well explored. Although hospital volume is related to short-term mortality, the effect on long-term survival needs investigation, taking into account hospital teaching status and selective referral patterns.

Methods

This was a nationwide retrospective register-based cohort study of patients undergoing pancreatic resection between 1990 and 2010. Follow-up for survival was carried out until 31 December 2011. The associations between hospital teaching status and annual hospital volume and short-, intermediate- and long-term mortality were determined by use of multivariable Cox regression models, which provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 per cent c.i. The analyses were mutually adjusted for hospital teaching status and volume, as well as for patients' sex, age, education, co-morbidity, type of resection, tumour site and histology, time interval, referral and hospital clustering.

Results

A total of 3298 patients were identified during the study interval. Hospital teaching status was associated with a decrease in overall mortality during the latest interval (years 2005–2010) (university versus non-university hospitals: HR 0·72, 95 per cent c.i. 0·56 to 0·91; P = 0·007). During all time periods, hospital teaching status was associated with decreased mortality more than 2 years after surgery (university versus non-university hospitals: HR 0·86, 0·75 to 0·98; P = 0·026). Lower annual hospital volume increased the risk of short-term mortality (HR for 3 or fewer compared with 4–6 pancreatic cancer resections annually: 1·60, 1·04 to 2·48; P = 0·034), but not long-term mortality. Sensitivity analyses with adjustment for tumour stage did not change the results.

Conclusion

Hospital teaching status was strongly related to decreased mortality in both the short and long term. This may relate to processes of care rather than volume per se. Very low-volume hospitals had the highest short-term mortality risk.
To know or not to know? Integrating ethical aspects of genomic healthcare in the education of health professionals
Authors: Eriksen Kathrine Krageskov
Published: February 2015

Novel possibilities for employing genetic testing as part of the diagnostic process for a wide variety of diseases and conditions are emerging almost every day. This development brings prospects of more efficient treatment and prevention of serious and often lethal conditions. However, it also raises ethical questions concerning the issue of knowing or not knowing about our genetic make‐up. Thus, as techniques for genetic testing are increasingly employed, demands on health professionals are changing. Health professionals must be able to inform and guide patients, and therefore they need knowledge and competencies related to both the technical and the ethical dimensions of genetic testing. This paper explores the requirements of the general education of health professionals if this need for ethics is acknowledged. It is suggested that it is important to include both an individualised and a societal ethical perspective to the development of genomic healthcare and that a key concept in doing so is ‘professional reflectivity’. Employing one concrete example of teaching, this concept of reflectivity is operationalised in the health educational setting at the bachelor's level with a special focus on biomedical laboratory science, and three key concepts are developed: Gap sensitive interaction, professional humility, and contextual awareness. Additionally, anchored ethical dialog is explored as an instructional design that may support the development of reflectivity among health professionals. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(2):81–87, 2015.
G551D‐CFTR needs more bound actin than wild‐type CFTR to maintain its presence in plasma membranes
Authors: Trouvé Pascal , Kerbiriou Mathieu , Teng Ling , Benz Nathalie , Taiya Mehdi , Le Hir Sophie , Férec Claude
Published: February 2015

Cystic Fibrosis is due to mutations in the CFTR gene. The missense mutation G551D (approx. 5% of cases) encodes a CFTR chloride channel with normal cell surface expression but with an altered chloride channel activity, leading to a severe phenotype. Our aim was to identify specific interacting proteins of G551D‐CFTR which could explain the channel defect. Wild‐type CFTR (Wt‐CFTR) was co‐immunoprecipitated from stably transfected HeLa cells and resolved by 2D gel electrophoresis. Among the detected spots, one was expressed at a high level. Mass Spectrometry revealed that it corresponded to actin which is known to be involved in the CFTR's channel function. To assess whether actin could be involved in the altered G551D‐CFTR function, its basal expression was studied. Because actin expression was the same in wt‐ and in G551D‐CFTR expressing cells, its interaction with both wt‐ and G551D‐CFTR was studied by co‐immunoprecipitation, and we found that a higher amount of actin was bound onto G551D‐CFTR than onto Wt‐CFTR. The role of actin upon wt‐ and G551D‐CFTR function was further studied by patch‐clamp experiments after cytochalasin D treatment of the cells. We found a decrease of the very weak currents in G551D‐CFTR expressing cells. Because a higher amount of actin is bound onto G551D‐CFTR than onto Wt‐CFTR, it is likely to be not involved in the mutated CFTR's defect. Nevertheless, because actin is necessary to maintain the very weak global currents observed in G551D‐CFTR expressing HeLa cells, we conclude that more actin is necessary to maintain G551D‐CFTR in the plasma membrane than for Wt‐CFTR.
Ferrocene‐Boronic Acid–Fructose Binding Based on Dual‐Plate Generator–Collector Voltammetry and Square‐Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Li Meng , Xu Su‐Ying , Gross Andrew J. , Hammond Jules L. , Estrela Pedro , Weber James , Lacina Karel , James Tony D. , Marken Frank
Published: February 2015

The interaction of ferrocene‐boronic acid with fructose is investigated in aqueous 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7, 8 and 9. Two voltammetric methods, based on 1) a dual‐plate generator–collector micro‐trench electrode (steady state) and 2) a square‐wave voltammetry (transient) method, are applied and compared in terms of mechanistic resolution. A combination of experimental data is employed to obtain new insights into the binding rates and the cumulative binding constants for both the reduced ferrocene‐boronic acid (pH dependent and weakly binding) and for the oxidised ferrocene‐boronic acid (pH independent and strongly binding).
Dynamic Combinatorial Enrichment of Polyconformational D‐/L‐Peptide Dimers
Authors: Jadhav Kirtikumar B. , Lichtenecker Roman J. , Bullach Anke , Mandal Bhubaneswar , Arndt Hans‐Dieter
Published: February 2015

D‐/L‐Peptides such as gramicidin A (gA) adopt unique dimeric β‐helical structures of different topologies. To overcome their conformational promiscuity and enrich individual components, a dynamic combinatorial approach assisted by thiol tags was developed. This method led to identification of the preferential formation of antiparallel dimers under a broad range of conditions, which was independent of peptide side‐chain polarity. Exclusive formation of an antiparallel cyclic dimer was achieved in the presence of cesium ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Molten Salt Synthesis of Nano‐Sized Li4Ti5O12 Doped with Fe2O3 for Use as Anode Material in the Lithium‐Ion Battery.
Authors: Guo Qingjun , Li Shiyan , Wang Heng , Gao Yuan , Li Bing
Published: February 2015

Single‐phase Li4Ti5‐xFexO12 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) are prepared from LiOH, TiO2, and Fe2O3 in LiCl‐KCl molten salt (corundum crucible, 800 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Sunlight‐Driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Water and Molecular Oxygen by Metal‐Free Photocatalysts.
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Kanazawa Shunsuke , Kofuji Yusuke , Sakamoto Hirokatsu , Ichikawa Satoshi , Tanaka Shunsuke , Hirai Takayuki
Published: February 2015

Pyromellitic diimide is incorporated into graphitic carbon nitride, g‐C3N4 by calcination of a mixture of melem and pyromellitic dianhydride at 598 K for 4 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Xenon(II) Polyfluoridotitanates(IV): Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Xe2F3]+ and [XeF]+ Salts.
Authors: Radan Kristian , Goreshnik Evgeny , Zemva Boris
Published: February 2015

Thermal reaction between XeF2 and excess TiF4 (evacuated reaction vessel, ‐196 → +135 °C, 12 h) results in the formation of the highly ionized XeII species [Xe2F3][Ti8F33] (I) and [XeF]2[Ti9F38] (II) which represent [Xe2F3]+ and [XeF]+ compounds differing from known XeII salts containing discrete F‐ anions with pentavalent metalloid/metal centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of Simple Alkenes to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls Catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2.
Authors: Qin Yan , Lv Jian , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: February 2015

Bismuth triflate shows higher activities in the intramolecular addition of sulfonimine (XI) to give vinyl amine (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron/Acetic Acid Mediated Intermolecular Tandem C—C and C—N Bond Formation: An Easy Access to Acridinone and Quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Rajawinslin R. R. , Gawande Sachin D. , Kavala Veerababurao , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Chen Mei‐Ling , He Chiu‐Hui , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: February 2015

Various substituted acridinones, quinolines, and biologically active compounds are obtained by an one‐pot reductive cyclization protocol under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Acid‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Functionalization of 2‐Methyl Azaarenes with a α‐Trifluoromethyl Imino Ester.
Authors: Blocker Mark , Immaneni Supriya , Shaikh Abid
Published: February 2015

Triflic acid catalyzes both the functionalization of 2‐alkyl azaarenes and concomitant N‐deprotection of imino ester (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Methylation of C—H Bonds Using CO2 and H2.
Authors: Li Yuehui , Yan Tao , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2015

The first examples for a Ru‐catalyzed methylation of C‐H bonds of indoles and pyrroles are described using CO2 and hydrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Acetylation of Carbohydrates and Diols Catalyzed by Tetramethyl‐Ammonium Hydroxide in Water.
Authors: Lu Yuchao , Wei Peng , Pei Yuxin , Xu Hengfu , Xin Xiaoting , Pei Zhichao
Published: February 2015

The eco‐friendly approach occurs selectively for primary over secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Metathesis Reaction of C‐Chiral Allylic Sulfilimines with Aryl Isocyanates: Construction of Chiral Nonracemic Allylic Isocyanates.
Authors: Grange Rebecca L. , Evans P. Andrew
Published: February 2015

C‐chiral allylic sulfilimines primarily react with aryl isocyanates and the intermediary formed allylic isocyanates are trapped with nucleophiles giving unsymmetrical ureas, carbamates, thiocarbamates, and amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allyl—Allylsilane Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Hamilton James Y. , Hauser Nicole , Sarlah David , Carreira Erick M.
Published: February 2015

The operationally simple cross‐coupling reaction of allylic alcohols and allylsilanes provides 1,5‐dienes with high regioselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Organozinc Halides with Bromoalkynes.
Authors: Corpet Martin , Bai Xian‐Zhou , Gosmini Corinne
Published: February 2015

Highly substituted phenylacetylene derivatives are synthesized by using title method.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Catalysis with Copper and Rhenium for Trifluoromethylation of Propargylic Alcohols: Efficient Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylated Enones.
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Ide Takafumi , Fujita Masashi , Tojo Toshifumi , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: February 2015

Using the dual catalytic system cuprous iodide / rhenium heptoxide, an efficient trifluoromethylation of propargylic alcohols with Togni′s reagent II is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Addition of Arylboronic Acids to 2‐Aminobenzonitrile derivatives: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and in Silico Analysis of 2‐Aminobenzophenones, 7‐Benzoyl‐2‐oxoindolines, and 7‐Benzoylindoles.
Authors: Chen Jiuxi , Ye Leping , Su Weike
Published: February 2015

3,4,5‐trimethoxy‐2′‐aminobenzophenones (IIIf) and (VIIg) as well as indolinone (IX) and indole (XI) derivatives display remarkable activity against H446 (human lung carcinoma), HGC‐27 (human gastric cancer), and SGC‐7901 (human gastric cancer) cell lines (cis‐platin as reference) with compounds (IXa) and (IXf) as most potent agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Transformation of Phenols into o‐Cyanophenols.
Authors: Nakai Yuhta , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: February 2015

The synthetic utility of this one‐pot procedure is demonstrated in the preparation of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylsulfonyl‐Quinones and Arylsulfonyl‐1,4‐diols as FabH Inhibitors: Pd‐Catalyzed Direct C‐Sulfone Formation by C—S Coupling of Quinones with Arylsulfonyl Chloride.
Authors: Ge Bingyang , Wang Dawei , Dong Weifu , Ma Piming , Li Yongliang , Ding Yuqiang
Published: February 2015

A facile protocol is developed for the coupling of quinones with arysulfonyl chlorides to give arylsulfonyl quinones, which can be easily reduced to the corresponding 1,4‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Umpolung of β,β‐Disubstituted Enals by Dual Catalysis with an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and a Broensted Acid: Facile Construction of Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Li Jun‐Long , Sahoo Basudev , Daniliuc Constantin‐G. , Glorius Frank
Published: February 2015

The diastereoselective reaction of isatins with β,β‐disubstituted enals by NHC/Broensted acid dual catalysis is demonstrated to give spirocyclic butyrolactones in good yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiro[cyclopropane‐1,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐ones Through Metal‐Free Cyclopropanation Using Tosylhydrazone Salts.
Authors: Kapure Jeevak Sopanrao , Reddy Chada Narsimha , Adiyala Praveen Reddy , Nayak Ranjita , Nayak V. Lakshma , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Singarapu Kiran Kumar , Maurya Ram Awatar
Published: February 2015

The synthesized compounds are evaluated towards their anti‐cancer properties against three different human cancer cell lines with (VIIa) and (IXb) showing promising activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solvent‐Free and One‐Pot Strategy for Ecocompatible Synthesis of Substituted Benzofurans from Various Salicylaldehydes, Secondary Amines, and Nonactivated Alkynes Catalyzed by Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticles.
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Shiri Pezhman , Aberi Mahdi
Published: February 2015

Aromatic amines such as aniline and 4‐chloroaniline are unreactive under the developed conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanoparticles: A Green Efficient Catalyst for the Room Temperature Synthesis of Biologically Active 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐benzothiazole and 1,3‐Benzoxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Banerjee Subhash , Payra Soumen , Saha Arijit , Sereda Grigoriy
Published: February 2015

The condensation of 2‐aminothiophenol or 2‐aminophenol with aldehydes proceeds very rapidly in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles as the catalyst to give benzothiazoles or benzoxazoles in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Decarboxylative Coupling of Phenylacetic Acids with o‐Aminobenzenes and Dioxygen as the Oxidant Leading to Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles.
Authors: Yang Daoshan , Yan Kelu , Wei Wei , Tian Laijin , Shuai Yuanyuan , Li Ruixia , You Jinmao , Wang Hua
Published: February 2015

A simple procedure is elaborated for the synthesis of benzoxazoles (III) and benzothiazoles (V) by aerobic decarboxylative coupling of phenylacetic acids (II) with corresponding o‐aminobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized cis‐1‐Oxadecalines via 6‐endo‐tet‐Cyclizations of 2‐C‐Branched Sugars.
Authors: Lambu Mallikharjuna Rao , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: February 2015

The title compounds (IV) are obtained via zinc mediated Barbier reaction of pyranosides (I) with aryl aldehydes followed by FeCl3 catalyzed highly stereoselective 6‐endo‐tet cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Chromenopyridine and Chromene via MCRs.
Authors: Gan Hai‐Feng , Cao Wei‐Wei , Fang Zheng , Li Xin , Tang Shi‐Gui , Guo Kai
Published: February 2015

The temperature dependence of the three‐component reaction of salicylaldehydes, malononitrile and thiols is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Chloropyridines from Chalcones.
Authors: Menon Prasanth K. , Krishnaraj K. U. , George Sholly C. , Devaky K. S. , Anabha E. R.
Published: February 2015

via Michael addition of malononitrile (II) to iminoalkylated chalcones (I) under Vilsmeier‐Haack reaction conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐3,3‐dimethyl‐7‐phenyl‐3H‐[1,2]oxathiolo [4,3‐b]pyridine‐6‐carbonitrile 1,1‐Dioxides.
Authors: Chioua Mourad , Samadi Abdelouahid , Postel Denis , Balzarini Jan , Marco‐Contelles Jose
Published: February 2015

via Michael reaction of dioxides (I) with malononitriles (II) using piperidine as catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: Photo‐Assisted Multi‐Component Reactions (MCR): A New Entry to 2‐Pyrimidinethiones.
Authors: Guo Haiheng , Zhu Chenghao , Li Jian , Xu Guangyang , Sun Jiangtao
Published: February 2015

The title photocatalytic multi‐component dehydrogenative condensation reaction of aldehydes, thiourea, and cyclic ethers yields novel tetrahydropyrimidinethiones in good to excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Bromoimidazo[1,2‐]pyridines and Imidazoheterocycles.
Authors: Patil Shashikant M. , Mascarenhas Malcolm , Sharma Rajiv , Mohana Roopan S. , Roychowdhury Abhijit
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of the title compounds involves an electrophilic aromatic bromination using bromodimethylsulfonium ion generated in situ via oxidation of HBr salt by DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/[4 + 3] Annulation of N‐Phenoxyacetamides and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: An Efficient Route to 1,2‐Oxazepines at Room Temperature.
Authors: Duan Pingping , Lan Xia , Chen Ying , Qian Shao‐Song , Li Jie Jack , Lu Liang , Lu Yanbo , Chen Bo , Hong Mei , Zhao Jing
Published: February 2015

The Rh‐catalyzed annulation of N‐phenoxyacetamides (I) with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (II) leads to desired 1,2‐oxazepines (III) in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Triterpenes from Euonymus alatus Leaves and Twigs on Lipopolysaccharide‐Activated RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells.
Authors: Jeong Eun Ju , Bae Ji‐Yeong , Rho Jung‐Rae , Kim Young Choong , Ahn Mi‐Jeong , Sung Sang Hyun
Published: February 2015

The new reissantane‐type triterpene (I) is isolated from the leaves and twigs of Euonymus alatus together with 8 known triterpenes.
ChemInform Abstract: An aza‐Michael Addition Protocol to Fluoroalkylated β‐Amino Acid Derivatives and Enantiopure Trifluoromethylated N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Yang Xing , Chen Zhuo , Cai Yuan , Huang Yi‐Yong , Shibata Norio
Published: February 2015

The aza‐Michael addition proceeds with electrophile trifluoromethyl derivatives without solvent or catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Design of Magnetic Molecules for Use as Cryogenic Magnetic Coolants
Authors: Liu Jun‐Liang , Chen Yan‐Cong , Guo Fu‐Sheng , Tong Ming‐Liang
Published: February 2015

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