bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myth, socialization and demythologization
Authors: Šljukić Srđan
Published: December 2022

In this paper the author tries to analyze the relations among myths as values, process of socialization and the project of demythologization. The first part deals with the anthropological notion of myth and its cultural functions, whilst the second underlines the ideological character of the project of demythologization. The complexity of process of socialization, which includes both formal and informal social structures, represents a serious obstacle to the project of demythologization.
Violence, outdoor school activities and contradiction in socialization of school children
Authors: Zdravković Danijela , Stanojević Dragana
Published: December 2022

In the first part of the work the author reviews the importance of a conceptual determination of outdoor school activities and the effects of democratization of an educational process in the teaching practice domain outside school classrooms. The study of contradictions in the process of socialization goes from Froyd's teaching about social shaping of an individual from early childhood until adolescence, and of Durkheim's teaching which emphasizes education as one of more powerful means for social shaping of an individual. In the second part we deal with the problems of social reality transition, which reflect on the process of the institutional education and they are additionally fatigued by the ruined value system and the phenomenon of violence. Frequent violence over the elementary schoolchildren for different reasons imposes a justified socio-pedagogical reflection on the following questions: how big are the effects of modernization of Serbian school system, how safe are children at school, what makes them behave violently at school, is the existence of violence at school a product of the society which tolerates family violence, or is the aggressive behaviour of schoolchildren the result of the information technologies' influence, or is the increase of violence, on the other hand, the benchmark of the value system and social relations in Serbia. In the third part of the work, in the approach to new concepts of educational process in Serbia (outdoor school activities), organized at Teaching Training faculties in Serbia, the author emphasizes the importance and significance of a practical work, an active studying and the increase of an interaction between the changed socio-cultural environment and natural surroundings. New concepts of Outdoor school include among other things, multidisciplinary contents: the processing and training of social experience and emotions, a group solidarity in relation to natural environment, the harmonization of social relations between peer groups, the more liberal regime of school culture "outside classroom" , et cetera. In the end we summarize, that the flexibility of the concept of an Outdoor school is being provided by various possibilities of deepening one area within advanced courses and by a modulation of study programs. We emphasize, it is imposible to set the advanced courses without general and basic knowledge in philosophy, sociology and psychology.
Political socialization of women: Experiences of women's movement
Authors: Popov-Momčinović Zlatiborka
Published: December 2022

In this work it was tried to point out the forms and contents of political engagements of women within women's movements both old and new, as well as the contemporary obstacles and challenges in globalizing world. The significance of women's movement is not only in its endurance and successfulness, yet also in the fact that it expanded the framework of what is considered political and offered different political sensibility within the movement's activists and general public were socialized politically.
Human and community between traditional and modern
Authors: Vuković Dragomir
Published: December 2022

The focus of this paper is to analyze the relationship of two key phenomena that are equally important for both the man and the community: traditional, on which the identity of man and society is based and the modern (contemporary), which the individual and society is leaning towards. The overlap and the clash of these two complex processes of social and personal growth poses a key question in this paper: What is the relationship between traditional and modern in culture, art, business and politics? How does globalization affect the traditional society? Do the changes and social changes occurring due to development of science and technology, represent a negation of traditionalism? How do sociological disciplines and sciences observe and analyze these phenomena and how much help do they offer in understanding how the man and society cope with this very intensive process, which tends to be mainly generated from the USA? Globalization, mass culture, democracy and human rights (eg the promotion of homosexuality as a natural phenomenon and feminism as a new political movement) need to be analyzed while taking into the regard the relationship between two phenomena.
Sociological aspect of socialization in sports
Authors: Vukajlović Mile , Ćorluka Bojan
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide concise analysis of sociological aspect of socialization in sports. The paper begins with short review of several sociological approaches, among others functionalism that focus on more macro effects of sport socialization as a mechanism of social reproduction, and symbolic interactionism as micro approach. Further, the authors extended analysis to agents of socialization in sports, including family, peers, school, and sport teams. One of the considerations discussed in the paper is maintenance of interest in sports world throughout one's life.
Socialization as a mechanism of social control
Authors: Šijaković Ivan , Đukić Nemanja
Published: December 2022

In this paper, socialization is seen as a mechanism of social control which functions as the integration of societal community. Socialization enables the reproduction of the basic forms of experience and action and that also means the general characteristics of the personality of a certain type of society. In this way, socialization creates a foundation for spatial and temporal duration of physical identity and socio-cultural life. Socialization as a mechanism of social control is a part of the specific practices of control and has its instruments for the direct realisation of control. This paper deals specifically with the practise of manipulation as a form of mass, programed or spontaneous socialization of the masses. The paper gives four stages of socialization as a mechanism of social control that are viewed through the prism of relations between institutionalization and socialization, based on an example of family and education. Finally, we give an overview of some instruments of socialization, such as: cultural values, habits, norms, customs and beliefs.
Gender socialization and social change
Authors: Stjepanović-Zaharijevski Dragana
Published: December 2022

The starting hypothesis of this paper is to study the gender contents that are seen as instruments of gender/sex socialization in the way of social change and overcoming of gender-based inequality and exclusion through socialization, among other things. In theoretical discourse of "gender construction" social and cultural identity constructs which are subject to redefinition and transformation are discussed.
Globalization and social change
Authors: Miljević Milan , Džamić Vladimir
Published: December 2022

The main problem analized in this essay is globalization as the basic way of social change and changing society in the XXI century. Globalization has a huge influence in horizontal and vertical plain, on social, economic, political and cultural level, and in the same time on international, regional, national, and organizational level, level of social gropus and individuals. That is the reason why globalization is one of the main topics of contemporary sociology and sociological research.
Confrontations in the sphere of work in the post-socialistic transformation of Serbian society and options for action of syndicate
Authors: Milaković Marijana
Published: December 2022

Changes that are taking place in the world have left an impact on Serbian society, so it has also taken the course toward the market economy. Reforms, which are inevitable on that path, have encompassed every sphere of the society. However, even after more than one decade, they have not come to an end. All transformations that have occurred brought even the syndicate in a bad position. This paper deals exactly with the confrontations in the sphere of work and options for action of syndicate in the post-socialistic transformation of Serbian society. In this paper the role of syndicate in confrontations in the sphere of work as well as the effects of pluralization on the options for action of syndicate are presented. Its abilities are seen through its independence , education, competence of staff, number of staff, balance between general and special solidarity interests, ability to organize walkouts, trust that it has among civilians. What is appearing to be a conclusion is the fact that in the struggle between the government and employers syndicate have not emerged as a winner. Still, that does not reduce the importance of role that syndicate should have in the post-socialistic transformation of Serbian society.
Games without frontiers: A bureaucratic case study into the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Dickson Tiphaine
Published: December 2022

The apparently sudden move from inaction to the almost hyperactive multiplication of venues for international criminal justice creates a puzzle for decision-making theory. How best to explain this change? This article turns to bureaucratic theory, as developed by Graham Allison, which contrary to the constructivist approach, does not shy away from the idea that politics play a role in decision-making. To the contrary, "playing politics" is acknowledged and integrated into the theory, as indeed bargaining plays a central analytical role. The creation of the ICTY is thus analyzed from the perspective of the bureaucratic theory, and its political "games" examined in detail.
Cultural homogenization: Between McDonaldization and translation into a local context
Authors: Trninić Duško
Published: December 2022

The paper shows an influence of globalization on culture, through two mutual, but contradictory processes - cultural homogenization and translation. Cultural imperialism, McDonaldization and commoditization are three basic directions, along which thesis of cultural homogenization moves. Cultural imperialism is most frequently tied to pro-westernization or westernization in broader sense, and to Americanization as promotion and imposition of an American lifestyle in narrower sense. The sociologist George Ritzer calls this universal trend McDonaldization, which represents imposition of one unique form by which the society is to function. The commoditization of culture means transformation of all aspects of life, eventually the human life itself, into products being traded on the market. On the other hand, translation means translation of global cultural contents into local context. In addition, it means that cultural globalization is a two-way process, leading also to homogenization and fragmentation, i.e. homogenization of cultural forms and contents, but also their breaking into separate parts. At the edges of so-called global culture, manifold of cultural forms are developed, but without domination of one particular type of culture.
Information society between apology and deconstruction
Authors: Milutinović Irina
Published: December 2022

This paper presents an overview of several sociological approaches to the concept of the information society, which is associated with the expansion of the ICT sector in the second half of the 20th century. The aim of the paper is to identify the fundamental characteristics of this type of society. In scientific discourse and public communications considerations are between apology and deconstruction. As key definition information society were defined as: Internet technology, decentralizing the society, the decomposition of social power and postmodernism. Synthesis presented optimistic and pessimistic interpretation of its value leads to the conclusion that the information society filled with contradictions and that eludes precise definition of the possibilities, as a society in the making.
Everyday life of children in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century from Serbia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Karanac Rada
Published: December 2022

There were differences between family communities in the Balkan depending on the affiliation to cultural-historical and religious traditions, as well as the differences between life in the countryside and life in the city. This text analyzes the life of children from Serbia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century, as well as the ways in which the children lived with the specified region, how they used to fed, treat, play, clothing , educate, what kind of habits they had had, or what was their everyday life.
Potreba održivosti društvenih i humanističkih nauka u svjetlu društvenih promjena - osvrt na sociologiju
Authors: Perić-Romić Ranka
Published: December 2022

The paper analyses in which way the Bologna education reform has influenced the reduction of the role and significance of humanistic and social sciences, contributing to the dehumanization of society in general, which in time has led to the need for their rehabilitation. Particular attention is focused on pointing out the objective social circumstances that have affected the bad effects of the application of the Bologna reforms, which were particularly reflected in the weakening of the value component of education. Contribution to the understanding of this problem, give different theoretical approaches to education as well as the critical examination of the subject issue of social sciences in accordance with the contemporary needs of society. The problem within the subject matter of sociology, in the paper, is analysed with the aim of considering possible concepts of rehabilitation of sociological discourse and its active inclusion in concrete social events and processes, thus enabling it to rationalize and objectify its existence.
Sigurnost i bezbednost učenika u zakonodavnim dokumentima SR Srbije
Authors: Jovanović Natalija , Jovanović-Kranjec Milena
Published: December 2022

This paper is focused on analysis of strategic and legislative documents related to prevention from peer violence, violence against students and abuse of students in school system. In recent years, experts and, also, public figures are more interested for the problem of school violence. Initially, school violence was sanctioned by punishments and bad grades. But these measures were also violent, so the need for taking strategic action against all kind of violence, on both sides, were inevitable. By institutionalisation and development of education, school system became the place of students massive gathering and,also, the place with high risk of violence. School violence became systematic deviation requiring social intervention. Society through strategic and legislative documents takes action for preventig students from violence. Documents reviewing and analysis , in the perspective of strategic and legislative acts, should offer the necessity for changes considering students safety and security in schools.
Pathological deviations and meeting basic human needs
Authors: Milošević-Šošo Biljana
Published: December 2022

The author of this paper aims to point out complexity meeting basic human needs, due to the existing social circumstances, characterized with some of the outraged models of behavior. In particular, the work focuses on the gambling problem in our society, seen by some individuals as a solution to existential problems and meeting certain human needs. Current social conditions represent a suitable ground for the spread of such pathological behavior becoming a serious social problem. The results presented in the work are part of the empirical research on social changes in the Republic of Srpska, conducted in late 2016 and early 2017.
Love in postmodern era: Contemporary need for intimacy and its consequences for marriage and family
Authors: Čikić Jovana
Published: December 2022

Changes in characteristics and frames of population's reproduction encouraged rethingking of the need for intimacy and characteristics of partners' relations. In the paper, starting with the sociological concept of intimacy, standpoints of various authors (Beck, Beck-Gernsheim, Bauman, Giddens, Lash, Lipovetzki) have been presented and analyzed, indicating the conditions of transformation and features of the contemporary need for intimacy and intimate partnerships. Distinguished characteristics of such contemporary partnerships have been tested in generational perspective - through the Millenials 'marriage relations or partnerships and occurrence of grey divorces. Finally, the question of future of marriage and family has been raised.
Needs, work or sense
Authors: Šutoviċ Milojica
Published: December 2022

The true active catalyst of the social life is needs. They are enriched and articulated in the sociological theory through complexity, self-reference, usability value, work and sense, through understanding the external as a sign of something internal; they all need justification, sense, sensibility, understandable meaning, value and purpose, someone for managing them. The viability of social system, but the existential security of the individual as well, then the dialectics of work and sense, as basic human needs that are directed to a certain way of comprehending a man, one's relation to oneself and to the world, are based on satisfying needs. Without such "understanding", neither persons nor societies, and especially not cultures, would be possible. Therefore, sociology has to consider these issues and cannot certainly be satisfied with referring to the obscurity.
Social changes and human needs in rural areas
Authors: Jelić Sreten , Vasić Milica
Published: December 2022

Rural areas are specific environment for lives and work of people. Agricultural population who which are predominantly inhabited in rural areas, represents a significant part of the overall population in the Republic of Serbia. Social changes on a global scale have been transferred to rural areas. Changes in social structures in rural areas are evident from the mid-twentieth century to the present. Observed by social changes, development of society, process of globalization followed the change in human needs in rural areas where the focus is on labor. Human needs are diversified over time and in rural areas there are distinction between the two before and today. With development of society there was modernization of the village on the one hand, and on the other hand there is a noticeable phenomenon of devastation of many rural areas. A large number of villages remain without the human population, while in contrast, some villages turn into urban environments according to their living conditions. Significant changes will be taking place in rural areas.
The contribution of Donald Black's theory of social control to the understanding of conflict at work
Authors: Vidicki Vladan
Published: December 2022

One of the assumptions of the Donald Black's general theory of the social control is that individuals or social groups have the need to control the behavior of others which they perceived as deviant. Since that law, as (a formal) type of social control, is unequally distributed in social space, certain social actors have to seek for informal types of social control. This paper presents the theory, which has occurred in the framework of pure sociology approach, and which tries to explain informal types of social control in organizations. The significance of this theory is reflected in the fact that, unlike most of the theories in sociology, it examines both horizontal and vertical conflict management and recognizes, in addition to social control from above, the type of control practiced from below, from subordinates to superiors. Therefore, it can be particularly interesting for understanding tensions and conflicts in the organizations of a transitional Serbian society.
A pragmatic concept of social reconstruction
Authors: Ristić Lazo
Published: December 2022

In this paper the author considers social changes from the perspective of a pragmatic approach. The focus of attention is John Dewey's conception of social reconstruction. His starting point is that social change should lead to a reconciliation of tradition and innovation. Knowledge of the legacy of the past is necessary in order not to break the bonds of present and past. So the past is used to direct the present movement. That is why from the point of view of pragmatism, social change does not need a social revolution. One cannot believe in a revolutionary political force that could really rearrange society. In Dewey's theoretical concept, the continuity of life within a community is achieved through upbringing. This understanding can be criticized as a key factor in social reconstruction. However, it cannot be negated as a factor of reconstruction which nevertheless has some influence, and in this sense Dewey's conception is significant from the point of view of our social changes. If education, among other things, is a means of social change, then our society is in great difficulty. In addition, it is difficult to reconcile tradition and innovation for the simple reason that traditionalism and retraditionalisation are at work in our society.
Theoretical approach to the suicide phenomenon in sociology
Authors: Taljanović Amila
Published: December 2022

This paper talks about the theoretical approach to the phenomenon of suicide in sociology that has become one of the most common causes of death in the world, but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Regardless the differences between the countries of the world, the ones with better socioeconomical conditions have a smaller risk of suicide, what is especially the case with men, and the sociological factors determin, to a great extent, the number and rate of suicides in a country.
Demand for white meats among working households of a tertiary institution in Nigeria
Authors: Adeola Obayelu , Damilare Odetola
Published: December 2022

White meat is associated with lower cholesterol level, reduction in cardiovascular diseases and more protein content than red meat. Owing to a paucity of empirical studies on its demand in Nigeria, this study assessed household demand for selected white meats among the staff of University of Ibadan. Elasticities of demand were estimated with Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). Chicken, Turkey and snail meats were necessity goods, while fish, duck, rabbit, Guinea fowl and quail meats were luxury goods. All the white meat types were normal goods with the exception of snail and duck meats that were considered as inferior goods. The selected white meats were mainly gross complements but a few were substitutes. Own-and cross-prices, age, gender, educational attainment and household size explained demand for white meat among the working households. Price reduction and income policies that would increase the purchasing power of the working households are viable policy thrusts to enhance their demand for white meats.
Economic potentials of ginger value chain in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaghere Ivie , Kikelomo Osasona , Abayomi Omotesho , Adesina Ifeoluwa
Published: December 2022

Without a doubt, ginger is an important commercial crop which significantly contribute nutritionally, pharmaceutically and medically. Unfortunately, the producers, processors, and marketers have been given little attention, especially regarding the empirical profitability associated with each activity. This study, therefore, sought to estimate the net margins of the actors and compare their profitability. A total of 380 ginger producers, processors, and marketers were randomly selected from Jaba local government area in Kaduna state. Data were collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaires. Partial budgeting techniques and the one-way analysis of variance were used. The study revealed a net margin of about 140,000 NGN/ha/annum for the producers, while the net marketing margin/bag for the ginger processors and marketers was 3,300 NGN and 3,470 NGN, respectively. Furthermore, the profitability indices showed that the producers, processors, and marketers earned about 37%, 70%, and 41% profit of invested funds in the ginger value chain. Comparative analysis revealed that the profitability of the processors, which was the highest, was statistically different from the other actors. It is concluded that there exist tremendous economic potentials in the ginger value chain. It is, therefore, recommend that policies that will encourage ginger production, processing, and marketing should be implemented with particular emphasis on the processing aspect.
Are small-scale poultry farmers aware of aflatoxin contaminants in feed in Oyo State, Nigeria?
Authors: Adepoju Abimbola , Obi Uchenna , Jerumeh Elijah
Published: December 2022

Aflatoxins, feed contaminants formed by certain moulds occur naturally as feed and food impurities and have toxic consequences on both animals and humans. Earlier studies on aflatoxins in Nigeria did not consider small-scale poultry farmers' awareness of feed contamination. Thus, this study examined the level of awareness of aflatoxins in poultry feed and its determinants. Descriptive Statistics and the Logistic Regression Model were the analytical tools employed to analyse data collected from field survey in 2019. One-third of the farmers were aware of aflatoxins in feed which depicts that the level of awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the poultry farmers in the study area is low. Years of education, primary occupation, farm-scale, years of farming experience, access to information from research institutions, and membership in cooperative societies were among the key determinants of the awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the farmers. Efforts should be geared towards increasing the level of awareness of the farmers on the highly toxic contaminant even when fed to poultry at non-fatal levels. Agricultural information highlighting the detrimental consequences of aflatoxin on the health and productivity of poultry and how to minimize aflatoxin contamination in feed should be made more accessible to all farmers.
Detailed Analysis of the Electromagnetic Normal Modes of Spherical and Annular Spherical Cavities: Energy, Thrust and Losses. Implications on the Spherical Casimir Effect
Authors: Matagne E.
Published: December 2022

This paper develops analytical expressions of energy, thrust and losses for all electromagnetics normal modes in spherical and annular spherical cavities. The implications on the spherical Casimir effect are also investigated.
Some integrals involving squares of Bessel functions and generalized Legendre polynomials
Authors: Matagne E.
Published: December 2022

This paper develops new integral formulas intended for detailed studies of electromagnetics normal modes in spherical and spherical annular cavities.
Experimental Study of Energy Loss in a Stepped Spillway Equipped with Inclined Steps in the Nappe and Skimming Flow Regimes
Authors: Moghaddam Amir Kamyab , Hamedi Amirmasoud , Amirahmadian Sepideh
Published: December 2022

Scrutinizing the considerable flow energy in a spillway plays a significant role in maintaining downstream dam safety, and due to this fact, the dimension of the stilling basin will be enormously reduced, and from an economical point-of-view, construction costs will dramatically reduce. This phenomenon may even result in the removal of the stilling basin. A stepped spillway is one of the best structures for this purpose. In this experimental study, steps in the stepped spillway are equipped with inclined steps with various slopes, to find out how they influence their relative energy loss. Results illustrate that using inclined steps, considerably affect both the nappe and skimming flows; however, the energy loss in nappe flows is greater than that in skimming flows. Analyzing the results of experimental tests side-by-side with the results obtained from other researchers makes clear that the method used in the current investigation is more efficient than previous ones.
Correlation of Lactate Dehydrogenase Level with Severity of Disease and In-hospital Outcome in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bohuliga Kawther Ghassan , Alkhidady Wijdan Hasan , Alqannas Naif Khalid , Â­Alghamdi Mohammed Ahmed , Alnemer Ammar Hassan , Siddiqui Intisar Ahmad , Alameer Faris Hussain , Ezzeldin Tarek
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The presence of tissue damage in the lungs, kidneys, heart, or other organs can be detected by monitoring the level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood and considered a reliable biomarker in early prediction of patients’ prognosis. Aim: To determine extent of correlation between LDH level with the spectrum and in-hospital outcome of Coronavirus Disease2019 (COVID-19) infected patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective research was undertaken during March 2020 to May 2020, based on the data of 205 COVID-19 infected patients, reported at Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Patients’ records were retrieved and the following data were recorded-age, gender, nationality, co-morbidities, lactate dehydrogenase level, number of days since the patient tested positive (Up to 7,14 and >14 days), COVID-19 symptoms [mild, moderate, or severe as per British Thoracic Society guidelines (CURB (Confusion, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure)-65)]. The data was collected and tabulated as mean±SD, frequency and percentages. Analysis was carried out using specialized software of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: On analysis of the collected data of all 205 included patients, the LDH level was found significantly high among males, 46-60 years old, and among non-Saudi patients. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms and LDH levels were found to have a strong relationship (p-value<0.001). Patients between the ages of 46 and 60 were more likely (4.3 times) to have poor outcomes, and diabetes mellitus was predicted to be 2.32 times more likely to be associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Raised LDH levels were >5 times more likely to lead to in-hospital poor outcomes compared to those with borderline LDH levels. Conclusion: LDH level is a reliable predictor for the cause of COVID-19. The results of the present study suggest that patients aged 46-60 years, diabetic patients, or those suffering from severe symptoms of COVID-19 have raised levels of LDH.
Vaccination Status and Outcome of Patients at a Dedicated COVID-19 Centre, Delhi, India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Srivastava Anshuman , Sharma Abha , Jhamb Rajat , Giri Subhash , Aggarwal Nikunj
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine provides strong protection against transmission, serious illness, hospitalisation, and death. As India carried out robust vaccination drive covering more than two third of its population, the study was aimed to highlight the effects of vaccination status of patient on the outcome of COVID-19 infection. Aim: To describe the relation of vaccination with disease severity and its outcome during the third wave of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: It was a single centre retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital (Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital) in Delhi, India. A total of 257 patients were admitted between January 10th 2022 to 9th February 2022, and 246 were included in the study. For each individual, demographic, and clinical data was collected. Vaccination data was extracted via the CoWin platform which included vaccine type as well as date of administration. The profile of patients was established based on clinical examination, laboratory data, nursing record and radiological record during the course of hospitalisation. The clinical outcome was described as discharge, length of hospital stays, and in-hospital death in relation to the vaccination status. Statistical Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v22. Results: Total of 246 patients were divided into three groups - 97 were fully vaccinated, 46 were partially vaccinated and 103 were unvaccinated. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups had similar percentage of co-morbidities i.e. 61.3% vs 63.5%. Those who were fully vaccinated were more likely to maintain saturation at room air 30.9% vs 26.1% vs 3.9%, had lesser requirements of mechanical ventilation (6.2% vs 15.2% vs 21.4%), shorter duration of hospital stay (4.2 vs 5.3 vs 7.2 days), and lesser mortality (9.3% vs 21.7% vs 33%) as compared to the partially vaccinated and unvaccinated patients respectively. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of the vaccination was observed in severity, mortality, morbidity, and lesser number of hospitalisations. Hence, vaccination coverage was critical in reducing the severity in reducing the and the hospitalisation in third wave of COVID-19.
Onychomadesis- A Late Manifestation of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Ravanagomagan MG , Kumar M Senthil , Krithika AP
Published: December 2022

Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) is one of the most common viral illness that is characterised by fever below 38.3°C, painful oral lesions on the tongue and buccal mucosa and macular, maculopapular or vesicular skin lesions on the soles and palms. Many viruses are implicated in HFMD, such as Coxsackievirus A5, A6, A7, A9, A10, A16 (most common), B1, B2, B3, B5, Echoviruses E3, E4, E9 and Enterovirus 71. The illness is usually mild and self-limiting. HFMD due to Enterovirus 71, is associated with a severe illness complicated by aseptic meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis, pulmonary oedema and heart failure. Onychomadesis is a very rare complication of HFMD, typically occurring three to eight week of onset of illness. This is characterised by the detachment of the nail plate from the proximal nail fold by a full thickness sulcus. It is postulated that viral infection causes inflammation around the nail matrix either due to direct effect or due to the deposition of immune complexes secondary to distal thromboembolism. Here, authors report six children of different age groups who were affected with onychomadesis during an outbreak of HFMD in the month of February to May 2022 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. All these six children developed onychomadesis following HFMD, after a couple of weeks. Both upper and lower limb nails were involved. Other causes of onychomadesis like chronic illness, nutritional deficiencies, drug ingestion, periungual dermatitis, trauma were ruled out. Children were given supportive care and were followed-up. The changes in nails spontaneously regressed after a couple of weeks.
Effect of 3% Grape Seed Extract on the Bond Strength of Bleached Enamel with Natural and Commercially Available Bleaching Agents: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Suvarna Yandra Lakshmi , Roopadevi Garlapati , Nagesh Bolla , Sayesh Vemuri , Naidu Bandaru Pydiah , Sruthi K VNS , Banu Mayana Aameena , Kamal Shaik Aafreen
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Following bleaching with natural and commercial bleaching agents, to reverse the bond strength of enamel various antioxidants are used. The 3% Grape Seed Extract (GSE) has been more potent to be used as an antioxidant and has shown the immediate improvement in the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) values. Aim: To evaluate the effect of 3% GSE as an antioxidant on the bond strength of bleached enamel with natural {Sweet Potato Extract (SPE)}, commercial {35% Hydrogen Peroxide (H2 O2 )} bleaching agents. Materials and Methods: This experimental in-vitro study was conducted at Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, over a period of 1 week in January 2021. According to the bleaching agent used, the labial surfaces of 40 extracted maxillary central incisors have been divided into two groups. Group I (n=20) include teeth bleached by SPE (natural) for about 30 minutes. Group II (n=20) included teeth bleached using 35% H2O2 (Pola office) for about 8 minutes. Each group were again divided into two subgroups (n=10) based on the application of 3% GSE. After bleaching procedures, composite resin cylinders were bonded incrementally on the labial surface and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours. The samples were subjected to SBS under Universal Testing Machine. Data obtained were analysed using One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: On comparison of mean SBS values, statistically significant difference (p-value<0.05) was observed in all groups. The SBS values observed in 35% H2O2 bleached teeth were highly significant than the teeth bleached using 3% GSE application. Conclusion: Application of 3% GSE immediately after bleaching the enamel surfaces neutralizes the deleterious effects of bleaching and increases SBS significantly.
Prevalence of Odontogenic Tumours: A Study of 122 Cases among Karnataka Population
Authors: Chandrakala J , Sahana NS , Suganya G , Tahasildar Jyoti , Jose Maji , Murugesh Jeevitha , Renuga S , Verghese Rhea
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Tumours arising from odontogenic tissues are rare and constitute a heterogeneous group of interesting lesions. Studies on incidence of Odontogenic Tumours (OT) published from many countries show a distinct geographic variation. Aim: The aim of present study was to compare and correlate the frequency of individual OT in India as well as the other parts of the world based on 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Materials and Methods: This institution-based retrospective study conducted in Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from April 2015 to September 2016. Total of 122 cases of odontogenic tumours documented in duration of 10 years (2005 to 2014) were categorised based on World Health Organization 2005 classification. The histological type, age, gender, anatomical site and symptoms were systematically tabulated. Results: Odontogenic tumours constituted 9.5% (122 cases) of the total oral biopsies (1284 cases) received in a 10 year period. Among these, 95.9% of the tumours were benign and 4.1% were malignant. The most frequent tumour being ameloblastomas 39.3% followed by keratocystic odontogenic tumour 35.2%, odontome 4.9%, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour 4.9% and adenomatoid odontogenic tumour 4%. While odontome, generally regarded as the most frequent OT in American and European countries, only accounted for 4.9%, the third most common tumour in the present study. The mean age of patients was 32.37 years (range: 9-70 years). Their exist a slight male predominance, more predilection to posterior region of mandible and majority of tumours presented with pain and swelling. Conclusion: The relative frequency of Odontogenic tumours reported in our institution was similar to the studies reported in India, Asian and African population but differs from that of European and American countries. There is a definite geographic variation in the prevalence of OT published worldwide.
Identification of Predictors for Late or No Registration of Pregnancy by Selecting an Appropriate Logistic Model after Comparing ANC Visits and Skilled Birth Attendant
Authors: Dubey Pawan , Mishra Akash , Singh Neelima Alka , Mishra Rabindranath , Ganapathy Sachit
Published: December 2022

Introduction: India is a major contributor to both maternal and neonatal death worldwide. Majority of these fatalities can be averted by adequate utilization of Antenatal care (ANC) services. Large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey follow hieratical characters in which subjects within the clusters are often correlated. The ordinary logistic model ignores this correlation and provide compromised estimate of effect size of predictors. Multilevel model that incorporates correlation is the appropriate method. Aim: To demonstrate the adequacy of multilevel logistic model over ordinary logistic model in hieratical data sets with ANC visits >4 and delivery assisted by Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA). Materials and Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, from October 2021 to March 2022. The data of 174607 women, who delivered the children within five years, obtained using cluster sampling, from country wide survey during 20th January 2015 to 4th December 2016 (India’s National Family Health Survey-IV) was used. Firstly, the model adequacy of ordinary and multilevel logistic models was evaluated for ANC >4 visits and delivery assisted by SBA, the same data set of fourth round National Family Health Survey by considering the outcomes;. Thereafter, predictors of late or no registration of pregnancy were identified using three level logistic model. Results: Because of high Variance Partition Coefficients (VPC) at state and district levels, the multilevel model applied on components ANC >4 visits and delivery assisted by SBA suggested better accuracy of the multilevel logistic model (-2Log L=189334 for ANC >4 visits and 141148 for delivery assisted by SBA) than the ordinary logistic model (-2Log L=220268 for ANC >4 visits and 151978 for delivery assisted by SBA). For the late (registration in third trimester of pregnancy) or no registration of pregnancy, each predictor was found significantly associated in which the most important were women’s education, child birth order, caste and wealth quintile. Conclusion: The present study concluded that multilevel logistic model in clustered design data was useful instead of individual level for more precise estimate of effect size of the predictors.
Pure Tone Audiometry Findings before and after Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Hospital-based Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Mazumder MD Taher Ahmed , Phookan Jyotirmoy , Saikia Nabajyoti , Sarmah Monikuntal
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Radiotherapy is still the major treatment modality for Head and Neck malignancies preferred by patients as well as surgeons. Temporal bone and brain stem are mostly included in the portals. So the middle ear, inner ear and brain stem may receive a significant radiation dose causing hearing loss. Aim: To study the effect of radiotherapy on hearing in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective interventional study, done in Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from 1st July, 2020 to 30th June, 2021. A total of 33 patients with head and neck malignancies receiving radiotherapy as a mode of treatment attending Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Outpatient Department (OPD) and Department of Radiation Oncology were included. Pure Tone Audiometry was done for hearing assessment before and after radiotherapy. Microsoft excel version 2010 was used for recording the data. Results: A total of 66 ears (33 patients) have been evaluated. Out of 33 patients, 29 patients (87.88%) had decreased hearing in one/ both the ear after radiotherapy. Out of 29 patients, 19 patients (65.51%) had hearing loss less than 10 dB whereas, 10 patients (30.3%) had hearing loss >10 dB, which is considered as significant hearing loss. Among the 19 patients, 3 patients (15.78%) had hearing loss <10 dB on the same ear, i.e. on the same side of malignancy where the radiotherapy was given. Other 16 patients (48.48%) had hearing loss on both ear. Conclusion: Effect of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy on hearing is a well known phenomenon. This study also established the fact of hearing loss in majority of patients receiving radiotherapy.
Association of Serum Calcium and Serum Uric Acid Level with Inflammatory Markers to Predict the Outcome of COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kruthi BN , Rani N Asha , Namitha D
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease and the severity of COVID-19 is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to lifethreatening disease. Therefore, biomarkers are required to assess the prognosis of the disease at the earliest. Aim: To determine the correlation of serum calcium and serum uric acid levels with inflammatory markers of COVID-19 infection and also to assess serum calcium and serum uric acid levels in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G Nagara, Karnataka, India from 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021. Out of 483 COVID-19 infected patients admitted during the study period, data of 136 patients, investigated for serum calcium and serum uric acid levels were collected from medical records. Patients were categorised into survived and non survived group based on the outcome. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, Student’s t-test were applied. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 infection. Results: Of the 136 COVID-19 positive patients, 87 were male and 49 were female patients. Mean age of non survived was significantly higher (59.19±12.6 years) as compared to survived patients (44.44±13.35 years). Further, Random Blood Sugar (RBS), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and D-dimer values were significantly higher among non survived patients (233±135.37 mg/dL, 9.92±3.93 mg/L, 422.88±191.51 IU/L and 586.19±258.9 ng/mL, respectively) as compared to survived patients. Significant positive correlation was found between serum uric acid levels with LDH (r-value=0.231; p-value=0.007). Whereas, serum calcium showed negative correlation with CRP (r-value=-0.55; p-value=0.526) and D-dimer (r-value=-0.052; p-value=0.551). The ROC curve analysis showed that area under curve for serum uric acid level (0.530) was more as compared to serum calcium (0.460). Conclusion: Serum uric acid is emerged as a better biomarker towards the prediction of outcome of patients. Early evaluation of serum calcium levels and serum uric acids could aid in predicting the outcome of the disease.
Food Safety Cultures: A Study of Food Vendors in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Nigeria
Authors: Okita Uwemedimo Fyne , Amos Bassi , Lanzema Olokun Alexander
Published: December 2022

Food is considered safe when it is free from substances that might compromise individual or populations' health and well-being, and is realizable with appropriate food safety cultures. This study accessed 150 food vendors across four of twelve political wards of the Abuja Municipal Area Council, AMAC who consented to the exercise. Results indicated no significant relationship between location with perception and practices of vendors on food safety, which had mean scores of 0.593, and 0.139 respectively. With p value (< 0.05), there is clearly a significant difference between the options measuring food safety (yes = good, and not sure = fair), and option no (poor) having the highest observed count of 78, the null hypothesis was rejected. As a result, it was concluded that, the food safety culture of food vendors in Abuja will not deliver safe foods to consumers. High market prices of food supplies, complex/cumbersome processes involved with meeting government regulations on food safety with weighted means of 3.3133 and 2.8667 respectively, were identified as the prevalent constraints on food safety cultures among food vendors in Abuja. In assuring safety, while maintaining the benefits of food vending to both sellers and buyers, emphasis should be given in to promoting food safety rather than mere revenue generation among both vendors and local government officials who register these vendors.