bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A letter to the editor. Three-vote on the National Mental Health Programme
Authors: Kiejna Andrzej , Stachów Michał , Krzyżanowski Dominik
Published: December 2021

bez streszczenia
„Czarny Poniedziałek” i „Łańcuch światła”: o infrapolitycznych formach oporu społecznego w Polsce
Authors: Dohnal W
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest antropologiczna analiza wydarzeń, które miały miejsce w Polsce w 2016 i 2017 roku. Były to masowe protesty obywatelski przeciwko polityce rządu. Inaczej niż w większości opracowań socjologicznych i politologicznych, autor proponuje interpretować je w kategorii działań infrapolitycznych. W tym celu odwołuje się pojęcia ‘infrapolityka’, zaproponowanegoniegdyś przez Jamesa Scotta, i przygląda się temu, czy i na ile można ją wykorzystać do interpretacji opisywanych wydarzeń.
„Kosmopolityczne więzi koleżeńskie” i doświadczenie transnarodowości w świecie muzyki klasycznej. Przypadek artystów japońskich
Authors: Kowalczyk Beata Maria
Published: December 2021

W globalnym podziale pracy twórczej muzycy japońscy doświadczają nierówności implikowanych przez przynależność etniczno-rasową, wynikającą z przekonania, że zdolność uprawiania autentycznej muzyki klasycznej jest poniekąd genetycznie uwarunkowana. Zgodnie z urasowionym dyskursem zakorzenione w „kulturze zachodniej” klasyczne kompozycje mogą być poprawnie zinterpretowane jedynie przez wykonawców urodzonych i wychowanych w Europie. W literaturze dotyczącej transnarodowości i migracji brakuje studiów analizujących uwarunkowania międzynarodowej mobilności w zawodach artystycznych. Temat mobilności artystycznej napędzanej strukturami nierówności etniczno-rasowych strukturyzujących sektor muzyki klasycznej nie został także podjęty przez badaczy przemysłów kreatywnych/kulturalnych. Celem tego artykułu jest wypełnienie tej luki. Opierając się na bogatym materiale empirycznym zebranym w trzech lokalizacjach: w Paryżu, Warszawie i Tokio, artykuł ten analizuje doświadczenia zawodowej mobilności wśród japońskich muzyków klasycznych funkcjonujących pomiędzy rodzimymi i europejskimi środowiskami muzycznymi. Analiza koncentruje się z jednej strony na elementach, które napędzają transnarodową mobilność i jednocześnie ją ograniczają. Z drugiej strony pokażę, w jaki sposób japońscy muzycy klasyczni, budując kosmopolityczne więzi koleżeńskie, pokonują bariery związane z rynkiem pracy i restrykcyjnymi politykami migracyjnymi, aby móc kontynuować swoje transnarodowe przedsięwzięcia artystyczne.
Od „Notatki o Nieświeżu” do „Wędrówek po moich niegdyś okolicach”. Nieśwież w twórczości Władysława Syrokomli
Authors: Góra Barbara
Published: December 2021

Autorka próbuje zrekonstruować ewolucją warsztatu pisarskiego i badawczego Ludwika Kondratowicza-Władysława Syrokomli. W tym celu poddaje szczegółowej analizie dwa jego teksty związane z tym samym tematem: przeszłością Nieświeża. Pierwszy z nich to rękopiśmienna Notatka o Nieświeżu z 1844 roku, napisana na prośbę historyka Michała Balińskiego. Drugi tekst to jeden z rozdziałów książki Wędrówki po moich niegdyś okolicach wydanej w Wilnie w 1853 roku. Oba teksty dzieli od siebie dystans dziewięciu lat. Autorka, badając poszczególne elementy tych dzieł, próbuje ukazać, jakim zmianom ulegał z biegiem czasu warsztat twórczy pisarza. Dochodzi do wniosku, że ewolucja poglądów życiowych, społecznych i naukowych autora dwóch porównywanych ze sobą w artykule tekstów jest wyraźnie zauważalna. Można by nawet zaryzykować stwierdzenie, że Notatkę o Nieświeżu napisał Ludwik Kondratowicz, a rozdział Nieśwież w książce Wędrówki po moich niegdyś okolicach – Władysław Syrokomla.
Niepalne rękopisy – o „niefortunnym” debiucie poetyckim Wiktora Gomulickiego
Authors: Zajkowska Joanna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest próbą rekonstrukcji poetyckiego debiutu Wiktora Gomulickiego (1848–1919) – jego zbiorku Poezje z 1873 roku. Wydał je Aleksander Michaux (Miron) w swojej zeszytowej serii Księga pieśni. Ten niewielki, zawierający dziewięć utworów tomik pojawiający się w ferworze pozytywistycznej walki o poetycki Parnas stał się mimowolną ofiarą ówczesnej „krytyki postępowej”. I chociaż poezje Fantazego doczekały się jedynie trzech recenzji – były one niesprawiedliwie krzywdzące. Szczególnie zabolała poetę opinia Antoniego Pileckiego z „Przeglądu Tygodniowego”, z którym młody literat współpracował, która (przedrukowana z pewnymi zmianami w „Warszawskim Roczniku Literackim”) utwierdziła opinię o Gomulickim jako poecie, którego wiersze nie mają głębszej myśli i nie poruszają społecznie ważnych tematów. Według Nowego Korbuta na życzenie autora cały nakład został zniszczony, a zachowany egzemplarz jest w posiadaniu Juliusza Wiktora Gomulickiego, ale współcześnie nic o nim nie wiadomo. Poezje z 1873 roku składały się z utworów, które wcześniej były publikowane na łamach ówczesnej prasy, więc zrekonstruowanie zbioru nie powinno być trudne. Wydaje się jednak, że wiedza o kształcie poetyckiego debiutu Fantazego w świetle jego opublikowanej, dojrzałej twórczości pozwoli na lepsze zrozumienie artystycznej ewolucji poety.
„Pan Tadeusz” według ucznia Leszka Serafinowicza
Authors: Dorosz Beata
Published: December 2021

Publikacja prezentuje wierszowaną parafrazę Pana Tadeusza napisaną przez 13-letniego ucznia, później wybitnego poetę Jana Lechonia – jest to pierwodruk zachowanego materiału archiwalnego sprzed przeszło stu lat. W szkicu wprowadzającym autorka opracowania edytorskiego omawia w skrócie wieloletnią fascynację Lechonia życiem i dziełami Adama Mickiewicza, wskazując na jej źródła m.in. w historii rodzinnej poety oraz przypominając różne inne jego dzieła poświęcone romantycznemu wieszczowi.
„Potem przemówił komendant Brygady naszej tow. Hiszpan w języku niemieckim i tow. kapt. tłumaczył”
Authors: Tryuk Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

And Then the Commander of Our Brigade, Comrade Spanish, talked in German and Comrade Captain Interpreted. Interpretation in the International Brigades during the Civil War in Spain 1936-1939

The aim of the present article is to describe multilingual interactions at the XIII Jarosław Dąbrowski International Brigade between volunteers of different nationalities, mainly Poles, and the Spanish population as narrated by Boruch Nysembaum, a communist from Warsaw and a participant of the Spanish Civil War. At the same time, it is the first presentation of onthe- spot memoirs written by a volunteer who did not return from this war. On the basis of his narrative, the article tries to answer the questions concerning the way volunteers, who lacked adequate foreign language skills, communicated with the Spanish population and with other volunteers, the forms of their communications, and finally, the specific characteristics of this multilingual communication.
Malnutrition and Influencing Factors in Aged Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al Reza Md. Sajib , Rahim Md. Abdur , Khatun Most. Zosnara , Biswas Vivekananda , Akter Nargis , Abedin Md. Zainul , Bari Luthfunnesa
Published: December 2021

Malnutrition refers to a nutritional ailment that functionally and clinically distresses the body. It is very common in aged people. The nutritional status of this vulnerable group in low-income countries does not remain focused upon. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude of malnutrition and to correlate different factors amongst aged patients administered in a reputed Medical College Hospital in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional eminence of hospitalized aged patients through the original 18-item full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool. We evaluated 238 patients in this study. Of whom, 144 (60.5%) were men and 94 (39.5%) were women, whose average age were 68.7 ± 7 years. MNA revealed a prevalence of 46.2% for risk of malnutrition, 31.9% for malnutrition, and 21.8% for within normal. Aged patients who lived alone were malnourished than the patients living with others (p < 0.001). Laboratory investigation revealed that malnourished individuals had substantively decreased levels of serum albumin (2.5 ± 0.7 g/dl), hemoglobin (10.3 ± 1.7 g/dl), lymphocytes (1.4 ± 0.9×10^9/L), and cholesterol (150 ± 35.9 mg/dl). About forty-nine and 32.9 percent of individuals with malnutrition had a severe or a moderate decrease in food intakes respectively. Different health problems collectively had influenced malnutrition. Malnourished patients had a tendency to hospitalize for a longer period of time. Thus malnutrition in hospitalized aged patients was highly prevalent and was associated with low food intake, the presence of health problems, and prolonged length of hospital stay.
Enhancement of Selected Health Benefits in Fermented Cow and Soy Milk Supplemented with Water Soluble Curcumin
Authors: Abdelrazik Tay , F. Elshaghabee Fouad M.
Published: December 2021

Different formulates of fermented cow and soy milk by Lactobacillus plantarum EMCC 1027 with 50, 100, and 150 mg/100 mL curcumin were investigated for antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-colonic cancer, and anti-inflammation activities. Also, the viability of L. plantarum was monitored during cold storage period. Our results showed that values of antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-colonic cancer, and anti-inflammation activities in crude extracts of fermented soy milk were significantly increased in comparison with crude extracts of fermented cow milk. The addition of different concentrations (100 and 150 mg/100 mL) of curcumin had a significant enhancement effect for all selected health benefits properties. The increase in antioxidant capacity of different crude extracts was in a good correlation with their polyphenols content. Addition of water soluble curcumin did not have any adverse effect on the viability of L. plantarum during fifteen days of cold storage. Therefore, the synergistic effect between fermented cow/soy milk and water soluble curcumin could be recommended. Indeed, extensive research is still needed in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of health a benefit of different formulates of fermented cow/soy milk and water soluble curcumin.
Comparative Characteristics of the Amino Acids Composition of Sheep Milk from Breeds of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Muldasheva Aknur , Zhakupova Gulmira , Ibrayev Dulat , Omaralieva Aigul , Satayeva Zhuldyz
Published: December 2021

Kazakhstan is characterized by a wide variety of natural, climatic, economic, and ethnic factors that have a specific impact on the development of sheep farming. The production of dairy products from sheep is limited due to the low productivity of animals and the seasonality of milk production throughout the year, as well as the short lactation period. Also, one of the problems is manual milking of sheep, which does not allow obtaining sheep milk on an industrial scale. The market of dairy products, currently in the Republic of Kazakhstan is represented only by-products made from cow's milk, and at the same time, most of them are products made from cow's milk powder, so the development of products made from sheep's milk is an urgent task. In addition, sheep's milk is a national product, and one of the tasks is to revive the traditional products of the Kazakh people. The analysis of literature studies shows that in-depth studies of the chemical composition of sheep's milk have not been conducted in Kazakhstan. The chemical composition data obtained during the Soviet period only give an idea of the primary chemical parameters obtained by generally accepted basic methods and do not provide reliable information about the deep chemical composition of the milk of local ewes. According to the results of studies, the content of the essential amino acid valine in cow's milk (0.21 g/100g) is also lower than in sheep's milk (9.69-3.79 g/100g). Sheep's milk protein is digested in the human body by 99.1%, and cow's milk protein by 91.9%. According to world experts, one of the advantages of Kazakhstan's domestic milk products is its naturalness, a low share of the use of genetically modified organisms, and environmentally friendly pastures, due to which they receive high-quality and safe products. Therefore, the designated research topic and its analysis are appropriate and relevant.
Gut Homeostasis; Microbial Cross Talks in Health and Disease Management
Authors: Khatri Gauri S , Kurian Christine , Anand Asha , KA Paari
Published: December 2021

The human gut is a densely populated region comprising a diverse collection of microorganisms. The number, type and function of the diverse gut microbiota vary at different sites along the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbes regulate signaling and metabolic pathways through microbial cross talks. Host and microbial interactions mutually contribute for intestinal homeostasis. Rapid shift or imbalance in the microbial community disrupts the equilibrium or homeostatic state leading to dysbiosis and causes many gastrointestinal diseases viz., Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Metabolic endotoxemia, Parkinson’s disease and Fatty liver disease etc. Intestinal homeostasis has been confounded by factors that disturb the balance between eubiosis and dysbiosis. This review correlates the consequences of dysbiosis with the incidence of various diseases. Impact of microbiome and its metabolites on various organs such as liver, brain, kidney, large intestine, pancreas etc are discussed. Furthermore, the role of therapeutic approaches such as ingestion of nutraceuticals (probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics), Fecal Microbial Treatment, Phage therapy and Bacterial consortium treatment in restoring the eubiotic state is elaborately reviewed.
Effects of Rice Bran Oil on Lipid Profiles of Hypercholesterolemic Junior High School Teachers
Authors: Citrakesumasari Citrakesumasari , Astuti Daud Nurpudji , Syam Aminuddin , Russeng Syamsiar , Hidayanty Healthy , Hadju Veni , Baharuddin Burhanuddin , Virani Devintha , Reskia Sipato Suci , Auliya Hilyatul , Nuntung Musta’ina , Amir Safrullah
Published: December 2021

Rice Bran Oil (RBO) is an abundant food source in Indonesia. RBO contains high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and rich in antioxidants. However, clinical trials on this material are still very limited. This research aims to assess the differences of effect of rice bran oil (RBO) and olive oil (OO) on lipid profile alteration of hypercholesterolemia junior high school teachers. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-randomized pre-test and post-test design. A total of 28 junior high school teachers in the Tamalanrea District of Makassar City who experienced hypercholesterolemia were recruited in this study and were divided into 2 groups. The two groups were at different research locations and received different interventions. The intervention group was given rice bran oil (30 ml/day) while the control group was given olive oil (30 ml/day) for 30 days. The pair t test was used to determine the difference in lipid profile before and after giving RBO and OO. The analysis was continued by comparing the results in the two groups using the independent t test. The level of confidence was set at 95% with a significance value less than 0.05 (p <0.05). After giving RBO for 30 days, the results were a decrease in total cholesterol by 4.59%, triglycerides by 15.8%, LDL by 4.87%, but HDL levels also decreased, although in insignificant amounts (3.41%). Meanwhile, giving OO as a control reduced total cholesterol by 5.04% and triglycerides by 28.2%. In addition, there was also a slight increase in HDL levels by 0.45%, in contrast to LDL levels which did not show any difference at all. At the end of the study of the four lipid profile parameters observed, significant improvements were observed in the reduction of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly after administration of RBO and OO (p <0.05). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between RBO and OO on changes in lipid profile (p> 0.05). From this study, we can conclude that rice bran oil and olive oil have the same effect in improving lipid profiles by significantly lowering total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Development and Characterization of Mudfish-Tteokgalbi Supplemented with Radish Greens
Authors: You Ji Young , Chen Jinlong , Lim Jong Jun , Park Ji In , Baek Seo Jun , Choi Joon Ho
Published: December 2021

This study was performed to develop tteokgalbi suitable for young-aged individuals by using mudfish and radish greens, major ingredients of Chueo-tang. Mudfish-tteokgalbi (control), in which 15% of the meat and tallow was replaced with mudfish paste, was used while substituting 25 to 100% of the green onions with radish greens. The pHs and sugar contents of the tteokgalbi developed in this study were 6.07-6.28 and 9.94-10.9, respectively, and it was suitable for tteokgalbi sold in the market. Replacing green onions with radish greens while manufacturing tteokgalbi significantly reduced the color (a and b values) and weight loss during cooking compared to the control. Replacing green onions with increasing quantities of radish greens also significantly reduced the adhesiveness of the samples in the texture profile analysis. Although the overall acceptability of the control was the best, the ideal quantity of radish greens as a substitution for green onions appears to be 25-50%. The unique flavor of the supplemented radish greens was indistinguishable in the sensory evaluation and the principal component analysis with an electronic nose. Finally, radish greens were confirmed as a good ingredient for manufacturing tteokgalbi together with mudfish paste.
The Effect of the Probiotics Mixture of Bifidobacterium Animalis ssp. Lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice
Authors: Kim Ha Yoon , Kang Su Min , Kim Hyun Kyung , Kang Eun Young , Go Gwang-woong
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of obesity is steadily growing worldwide, causing several severe complications, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. With the importance of preventive approaches to obesity, related nutraceuticals and compounds are developing. Probiotics are attracting attention as a substance that is effective against obesity. Among the probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb102 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Bf141 individually has the effect of preventing metabolic syndrome, including anti-obesity. Therefore, we examined the effect of a mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb102 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Bf141. The mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb102 (Lb102) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Bf141 (Bf141) was administered to a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat)-induced obese mice for eight weeks. The probiotics mixture did not alter body weight, feed intake, and body adiposity, meaning the rescue of obesity was ineffective. Furthermore, there was no difference in the liver weight, which is the center of lipid synthesis. In addition, the probiotics mixture did not modify fecal lipid content, an indicator of lipid digestion and absorption. Serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels also remained unchanged. In conclusion, these results imply that the probiotics mixture of Lb102 and Bf141 had no anti-obesity outcome in HFD-induced obese mice.
Long-term monitoring of the impact of the impact of mining operations on the ground surface at the regional scale based on the InSAR-SBAS technique, the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Case study.
Authors: Kopec Anna
Published: December 2021

Underground mining activity in the region of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) results in ground displacements scattered on a large area. Both the locations and the velocities of the displacements depend on many factors, such as the current location of the mining front, the mining depth and system, as well as geological conditions. Although SAR interferometry techniques allow the monitoring of such ground displacements, in a regional scale (as is the case of the USCB) SAR images must be appropriately processed (from a number of frames and swaths), and this is the problem addressed in this article. The implementation of algorithms for analyzing time series allows observations of displacements in both time and space. The authors also analyze the influence of mining operations on the road infrastructure and mining waste heaps located in the area and investigate the potential for the monitoring of secondary influence (due to induced seismic tremors). As a result of these investigations, the article presents the quality of the InSAR-SBAS data and the potential for their employment in the measurements.
Visible light communication with OLEDs for D2D communications considering user movement and receiver orientations
Authors: Chaleshtori Zahra Nazari , Zvanovec Stanislav , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Khalighi Mohammad-Ali
Published: December 2021

With the increasing use of organic light emitting diodes in lights, smart phones, wearable smartwatches, and computers, visible light-based device-to-device (D2D) communications has become more and more relevant. We propose D2D communications using smart phones’ display pixels and their built-in cameras. We investigate the impact of receiver orientation and user mobility on the link performance. We derive a Gaussian model for the probability density function of the delay spread and optical path loss (OPL), and show that the channel delay spread decreases for a typical furnished room compared with an empty room, whereas the former has an increased OPL. In addition, we show that for the case of a furnished room and considering user mobility, the peak OPL values are about 64 and 62 dB, with and without considering the receiver’s random orientation, respectively.
Message from the incoming Editor-In-Chief: editorial
Authors: Alù Andrea
Published: December 2021

Andrea Alù, incoming Editor-in-Chief of Optical Materials Express, describes his vision for the Journal.
Navigation-grade resonant fiber-optic gyroscope using ultra-simple white-light multibeam interferometry
Authors: Zhao Shuangxiang , Liu Qingwen , Liu Yuanyuan , Ma Huilian , He Zuyuan
Published: December 2021

The miniaturization of the gyroscope is critical for spacecrafts, drones, wellbore surveys, etc. The resonant fiber-optic gyroscope (RFOG) is a competitive candidate due to its potential in both miniaturization and high resolution, while its actual performance is well below expectation because of laser-induced noise and complexity. Here we report the first navigation grade RFOG with a bias instability of 0.009°/h and an angle random walk of 0.0093°/

h

. The results are realized using a fiber resonator with finesse of 63 containing 100-m long fiber. Compared with the traditional RFOGs using narrow-linewidth lasers, the key feature of the proposed RFOG is that it is driven with a broadband light source. A white-light multibeam interference method is proposed to detect the Sagnac effect, representing the simplest scheme of RFOG to date. The complexity caused by multiple feedback loops and coherent noise suppression in traditional RFOG scheme is avoided. The minimal scheme and simple modulation algorithm will also promote the on-chip waveguide gyroscope.
All-optical silicon microring spiking neuron
Authors: Xiang Jinlong , Zhang Yujia , Zhao Yaotian , Guo Xuhan , Su Yikai
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and machine learning, brain-inspired neuromorphic photonics has emerged as an extremely attractive computing paradigm, promising orders-of-magnitude higher computing speed and energy efficiency compared to its electronic counterparts. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to photonic hardware implementations of mimicking the nonlinear neuron-like spiking response and the linear synapse-like weighting functionality. Here, we systematically characterize the spiking dynamics of a passive silicon microring neuron. The research of self-pulsation and excitability reveals that the silicon microring can function as an all-optical class II resonate-and-fire neuron. The typical refractory period has been successfully suppressed by configuring the pump power above the perturbation power, hence allowing the microring neuron to operate with a speed up to roughly sub-gigahertz. Additionally, temporal integration and controllable inhibition regimes are experimentally demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Our experimental verification is obtained with a commercial CMOS platform, hence offering great potential for large-scale neuromorphic photonics integration.
Silicon-integrated nonlinear III-V photonics
Authors: Xie Weiqiang , Xiang Chao , Chang Lin , Jin Warren , Peters Jonathan , Bowers John E.
Published: December 2021

Mainstream silicon photonic integrated circuits are based on compact and low-loss silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide platforms. However, monolithic SOI-based photonics provides only a limited number of functional device types. Here, to extend the on-chip capabilities, we propose a general heterogeneous integration approach to embed highly nonlinear III-V (AlGaAs) photonics into the SOI platform. We develop low-loss AlGaAs-on-SOI photonic circuits with integrated Si waveguides and showcase sub-milliwatt-threshold (

∼
0.25
  
mW

) Kerr frequency comb generation in ultrahigh-

Q

AlGaAs microrings (

Q

over

10

6

) at the telecom bands. Our demonstration complements existing mature Si photonics technology with efficient nonlinear functionalities provided by III-V and propels conventional Si photonics into emerging nonlinear photonic applications towards fully chip-based nonlinear engines.
Herausforderungen und Handlungsempfehlungen für die VR-basierte Zusammenarbeit mit digitalen Nomad*innen und anderen Remote-Arbeitenden
Authors: Hofeditz Lennart , Löffler Ulrike , Strathmann Clara
Published: December 2021

Virtual Reality (VR) Technologien sind weit mehr als bloße Plattformen für Videospiele und Unterhaltung. Sie dienen Unternehmen aus unterschiedlichen Branchen als Werkzeuge zur Verbesserung der virtuellen Kommunikation und Teamarbeit. Insbesondere bei Mitarbeiter*innen, die in weit verbreiteten Teams arbeiten, kann VR dazu dienen, Probleme zu visualisieren und die Zusammenarbeit zu erleichtern. Viele Unternehmen beschäftigen jedoch nicht nur festangestellte Mitarbeiter*innen, sondern auch Freiberufler*innen und digitale Nomad*innen. Diese sind zwar oft flexibel und gut qualifiziert, jedoch stellen sie Unternehmen auch vor neue Herausforderungen, da ihr Selbstverständnis des Arbeitens oft mit den festen Strukturen der Unternehmen kollidiert. VR Technologien können dazu beitragen, die Zusammenarbeit mit Freiberufler*innen, digitalen Nomad*innen und anderen Remote-Arbeitenden zu erleichtern. Die Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze, die mit dem Einsatz von VR verbunden sind, wurden jedoch noch nicht systematisch untersucht, obwohl VR-Technologien immer häufiger zum Einsatz kommen. Deshalb werden in diesem Beitrag die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturanalyse zu den Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätzen präsentiert und mit acht Remote-arbeitenden Expert*innen diskutiert. Dazu wurden vier Kategorien von Herausforderungen ermittelt: Organisatorische, unternehmensbezogene, benutzerbezogene und technische Hindernisse. Für jede Kategorie werden entsprechende Handlungsempfehlungen bereitgestellt. Dieser Beitrag bietet erste Einblicke in die Nutzung von VR Technologien zur Verbesserung der Zusammenarbeit von digitalen Nomad*innen und anderen Remote-arbeitenden Freiberufler*innen und zeigt Unternehmen einen innovativen Ansatz auf. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können ebenfalls angewendet werden, um aufkommende Herausforderungen zu identifizieren, zu vermeiden und zu adressieren. Dies verbessert die virtuelle Zusammenarbeit in Unternehmen und unter digitalen Nomad*innen und Freiberufler*innen.
Optimal immune specificity at the intersection of host life history and parasite epidemiology
Authors: Downie Alexander E. , Mayer Andreas , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Graham Andrea L.
Published: December 2021

Hosts diverge widely in how, and how well, they defend themselves against infection and immunopathology. Why are hosts so heterogeneous? Both epidemiology and life history are commonly hypothesized to influence host immune strategy, but the relationship between immune strategy and each factor has commonly been investigated in isolation. Here, we show that interactions between life history and epidemiology are crucial for determining optimal immune specificity and sensitivity. We propose a demographically-structured population dynamics model, in which we explore sensitivity and specificity of immune responses when epidemiological risks vary with age. We find that variation in life history traits associated with both reproduction and longevity alters optimal immune strategies–but the magnitude and sometimes even direction of these effects depends on how epidemiological risks vary across life. An especially compelling example that explains previously-puzzling empirical observations is that depending on whether infection risk declines or rises at reproductive maturity, later reproductive maturity can select for either greater or lower immune specificity, potentially illustrating why studies of lifespan and immune variation across taxa have been inconclusive. Thus, the sign of selection on the life history-immune specificity relationship can be reversed in different epidemiological contexts. Drawing on published life history data from a variety of chordate taxa, we generate testable predictions for this facet of the optimal immune strategy. Our results shed light on the causes of the heterogeneity found in immune defenses both within and among species and the ultimate variability of the relationship between life history and immune specificity.
Examination of the interior of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) abdomen reveals novel cuticular structures involved in pheromone release: Discovering the manifold
Authors: Tonelli Gabriel B. , Andrade-Filho José D. , Campos Aldenise M. , Margonari Carina , Amaral Amanda R. , Volf Petr , Shaw Elisabeth J. , Hamilton James G. C.
Published: December 2021

The males of many species of New World Phlebotomines produce volatile terpenoid chemicals, shown inLutzomyia longipalpiss.l. to be sex/aggregation pheromones. Pheromone is produced by secretory cells which surround a cuticular reservoir which collects the pheromone and passes it through a cuticular duct to the surface of the insect. The pheromone then passes through specialised cuticular structures on the abdominal surface prior to evaporation. The shape and distribution of the specialised structures are highly diverse and differ according to species. In this study we used SEM to examine the interior cuticular pheromone collection and transport structures of 3 members of theLu.longipalpiss.l. species complex andMigonemyia migonei. We found a new structure which we have called the manifold which appears to be a substantial extension of the interior tergal cuticle connected in-line with the cuticular duct and reservoir. The manifold of the Campo Grande member of the complex is longer and wider than the Jacobina member whereas the manifold of the Sobral member was shorter than both other members of the complex. Overall, the secretory apparatus of the Sobral member was smaller than the other two. The manifold ofM.migoneiwas very different to those found inLu.longipalpiss.l. and was positioned in a pit-like structure within the tergal cuticle. The secretory reservoir was connected by a short duct to the manifold. Differences in the size and shape of the manifold may be related to the chemical structure of the pheromone and may have taxonomic value. Examination of the interior cuticle by SEM may help to locate the secretory apparatus of vector species where pheromonal activity has been inferred from behavioural studies but the external secretory structures or pheromones have not yet been found.
Interaction between β-lactoglobulin and EGCG under high-pressure by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Huang Yechuan , Zhang Xicai , Suo Huayi
Published: December 2021

The binding between β-lactoglobulin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) under the pressure of 600 MPa was explored using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. EGCG bound mainly in two regions with site 1 in internal cavity of the β-barrel and site 2 on the surface of protein. 150 ns MD was performed starting from the structure with the optimal binding energy at the two sites in molecular docking, respectively. It was found that the protein fluctuated greatly when small molecule bound to site 2 at 0.1 MPa, and the protein fluctuation and solvent accessible surface area became smaller under high-pressure. The binding of small molecules made the protein structure more stable with increasing of α-helix and β-sheet, while high-pressure destroyed α-helix of protein. The binding energy of small molecules at site 1was stronger than that at site 2 under 0.1 MPa, with stronger van der Waals and hydrophobic interaction at site 1 while more hydrogen bonds were present at site 2. The binding energy of both sites weakened under high-pressure, especially at site 1, causing the binding force to be weaker at site 1 than that at site 2 under high-pressure.
Impact of COVID-19 on pornography use: Evidence from big data analyses
Authors: Lau Way Kwok-Wai , Ngan Lionel Ho-Man , Chan Randolph Chun-Ho , Wu William Ka-Kei , Lau Benson Wui-Man
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to radical changes in social distancing awareness and affected social relationships. Owing to large-scale lockdown, home quarantine and social distancing requirements, it was anticipated that sexual activities would be severely impacted. However, retrospective self-report studies showed that pornography use and autoerotism increased during the pandemic.

Aim

This study used big-data databases available on the Internet to investigate factors that modulated pornography use during the pandemic.

Methods

Daily relative search volume (RSV) data from Google Trends for the period from 24 February 2020 to 13 July 2020 were extracted. Pornhub traffic data were extracted from the Pornhub Insights website, for the period from 24 February 2020 to 13 July 2020. The parameter was defined as ‘percent change in traffic compared to an average day in 2019’. The number of daily new cases of COVID-19 was extracted from the database on Our World in Data.

Outcome measures

The normality of the data was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. All variables included in this study were non-normally distributed. Therefore, non-parametric tests or parametric tests with bootstrapping were adopted where appropriate.

Results

According to Google Trends, the RSV for ‘pornography’ increased after late March 2020, which is close to the date when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The number of daily new cases of COVID-19 was positively correlated with the traffic of Pornhub, a popular pornography website, and the RSV for ‘pornography’. Moderation analysis demonstrated a significant main effect of daily new cases of COVID-19 and the RSV for ‘social distancing’ in predicting Pornhub traffic/RSV for ‘pornography’. Furthermore, the RSV for ‘social distancing’ significantly moderated the relationship between daily new cases and Pornhub traffic/RSV for ‘pornography’. A stronger COVID-pornography use association was observed with increased social distancing awareness.

Conclusion

Increased pornography consumption during the pandemic was observed, and it was associated with the severity of the pandemic. Social distancing awareness could be a key factor influencing interest in and use of pornography. Further studies on the changes in sexual desire and birth-rate control are worthwhile because long-term public health may be affected by the changes in sexual behaviour during the pandemic.
Resilience to COVID-19-related stressors: Insights from emerging adults in a South African township
Authors: Theron Linda , Levine Diane , Ungar Michael
Published: December 2021

There is widespread recognition that stressors related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) jeopardize the development of emerging adults, more particularly those living in disadvantaged communities. What is less well understood is what might support emerging adult resilience to COVID-19-related stressors. In response, this article reports a 5-week qualitative study with 24 emerging adults (average age: 20) living in a South African township. Using digital diaries and repeated individual interviews, young people shared their lived experiences of later (i.e., month 4 and 7) lockdown-related challenges (i.e., contagion fears; livelihood threats; lives-on-hold) and how they managed these challenges. An inductive thematic analysis showed that personal and collective compliance, generous ways-of-being, and tolerance-facilitators enabled emerging adult resilience to said challenges. Importantly, these resilience-enablers drew on resources associated with multiple systems and reflected the situational and cultural context of the township in question. In short, supporting emerging adult resilience to COVID-19-related stressors will require contextually aligned, multisystemic responses.
Age-related changes in Kv4/Shal and Kv1/Shaker expression in Drosophila and a role for reactive oxygen species
Authors: Vallejos Maximiliano J. , Eadaim Abdunaser , Hahm Eu-Teum , Tsunoda Susan
Published: December 2021

Age-related changes in ion channel expression are likely to affect neuronal signaling. Here, we examine how age affects Kv4/Shal and Kv1/Shaker K+ channel protein levels in Drosophila. We show that Kv4/Shal protein levels decline sharply from 3 days to 10 days, then more gradually from 10 to 40 days after eclosion. In contrast, Kv1/Shaker protein exhibits a transient increase at 10 days that then stabilizes and eventually declines at 40 days. We present data that begin to show a relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS), Kv4/Shal, and locomotor performance. We show that Kv4/Shal levels are negatively affected by ROS, and that over-expression of Catalase or RNAi knock-down of the ROS-generating enzyme, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase (NOX), can attenuate the loss of Kv4/Shal protein. Finally, we compare levels of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, cerebellum, and motor cortex of mice aged 6 weeks and 1 year. While there was no global decline in Kv4.2/4.3 that parallels what we report in Drosophila, we did find that Kv4.2/4.3 are differentially affected in various brain regions; this survey of changes may help inform mammalian studies that examine neuronal function with age.
Why big brains? A comparison of models for both primate and carnivore brain size evolution
Authors: Chambers Helen Rebecca , Heldstab Sandra Andrea , O’Hara Sean J.
Published: December 2021

Despite decades of research, much uncertainty remains regarding the selection pressures responsible for brain size variation. Whilst the influential social brain hypothesis once garnered extensive support, more recent studies have failed to find support for a link between brain size and sociality. Instead, it appears there is now substantial evidence suggesting ecology better predicts brain size in both primates and carnivores. Here, different models of brain evolution were tested, and the relative importance of social, ecological, and life-history traits were assessed on both overall encephalisation and specific brain regions. In primates, evidence is found for consistent associations between brain size and ecological factors, particularly diet; however, evidence was also found advocating sociality as a selection pressure driving brain size. In carnivores, evidence suggests ecological variables, most notably home range size, are influencing brain size; whereas, no support is found for the social brain hypothesis, perhaps reflecting the fact sociality appears to be limited to a select few taxa. Life-history associations reveal complex selection mechanisms to be counterbalancing the costs associated with expensive brain tissue through extended developmental periods, reduced fertility, and extended maximum lifespan. Future studies should give careful consideration of the methods chosen for measuring brain size, investigate both whole brain and specific brain regions where possible, and look to integrate multiple variables, thus fully capturing all of the potential factors influencing brain size.
The impact of psychological theory on the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults: A scoping review
Authors: Champ Rebecca E. , Adamou Marios , Tolchard Barry
Published: December 2021

Psychological theory and interpretation of research are key elements influencing clinical treatment development and design in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Research-based treatment recommendations primarily support Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), an extension of the cognitive behavioural theory, which promotes a deficit-focused characterisation of ADHD and prioritises symptom reduction and cognitive control of self-regulation as treatment outcomes. A wide variety of approaches have developed to improve ADHD outcomes in adults, and this review aimed to map the theoretical foundations of treatment design to understand their impact. A scoping review and analysis were performed on 221 documents to compare the theoretical influences in research, treatment approach, and theoretical citations. Results showed that despite variation in the application, current treatments characterise ADHD from a single paradigm of cognitive behavioural theory. A single theoretical perspective is limiting research for effective treatments for ADHD to address ongoing issues such as accommodating context variability and heterogeneity. Research into alternative theoretical characterisations of ADHD is recommended to provide treatment design opportunities to better understand and address symptoms.
Identification of starch candidate genes using SLAF-seq and BSA strategies and development of related SNP-CAPS markers in tetraploid potato
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Yu Xiaoxia , Zhang Sheng , Yu Zhuo , Li Jingwei , Jin Xinghong , Zhang Xia , Yang Dongsheng
Published: December 2021

Potato starch is an essential nutrient for humans and is widely used worldwide. Locating relevant genomic regions, mining stable genes and developing candidate gene markers can promote the breeding of new high-starch potato varieties. A total of 106 F1 individuals and their parents (YSP-4 × MIN-021) were used as test materials, from which 20 plants with high starch content and 20 with low starch content were selected to construct DNA pools for site-specific amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and bulked segregation analysis (BSA). A genomic region related to the starch traits was first identified in the 0–5.62 Mb of chromosome 2 in tetraploid potato. In this section, a total of 41 non-synonymous genes, which were considered as candidate genes related to the starch trait, were annotated through a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) search of multiple databases. Six candidate genes for starch (PGSC0003DMG400017793, PGSC0003DMG400035245, PGSC0003DMG400036713, PGSC0003DMG400040452, PGSC0003DMG400006636 and PGSC0003DMG400044547) were further explored. In addition, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites associated with the starch candidate genes. SNP-CAPS markers chr2-CAPS6 and chr2-CAPS21 were successfully developed and validated with the F2 population and 24 tetraploid potato varieties (lines). Functional analysis and cloning of the candidate genes associated with potato starch will be performed in further research, and the SNP-CAPS markers chr2-CAPS6 and chr2-CAPS21 can be further used in marker-assisted selection breeding of tetraploid potato varieties with high starch content.
Care for capabilities: Implementing the capability approach in rehabilitation of patients with neuromuscular diseases. Study protocol of the controlled before-after ReCap-NMD study
Authors: Bloemen Bart , Pijpers Eirlys , Cup Edith , Groothuis Jan , van Engelen Baziel , van der Wilt Gert Jan
Published: December 2021

Background

High quality care of patients with neuromuscular diseases requires a personalised approach that focuses on achieving and maintaining a level of functioning that enables them to be in a state of well-being. The capability approach states that well-being should be understood in terms of capabilities, the substantial opportunities that people have to be and do things they have reasons to value. In this Rehabilitation and Capability care for patients with Neuromuscular diseases (ReCap-NMD) study, we want to investigate whether providing care based on the capability approach (capability care) has an added value in the rehabilitation of patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD).

Methods

Two groups of 30 adult patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy or myotonic dystrophy type 1 will be included. The first group will receive rehabilitation care as usual with a follow-up period of 6 months. Then, based on theory, and experiences of patients and healthcare professionals, capability care will be developed. During the following 3 months, the multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation care team will be trained in providing this newly developed capability care. Subsequently, the second group will receive capability care, with a follow-up period of 6 months. A mixed methods approach is used with both qualitative and quantitative outcome measures to evaluate the effect of capability care and to perform a process evaluation. The primary outcome measure will be the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.

Discussion

The ReCap-NMD study is the first study to design and implement a healthcare intervention based on the capability approach. The results of this study will expand our knowledge on how the capability approach can be applied in delivering and evaluating healthcare, and will show whether implementing such an intervention leads to a higher well-being for patients with NMD.

Trial registration

Registered at Trialregister.nl (Trial NL8946) on 12th of October, 2020.
VR Realism Scale—Revalidation of contemporary VR headsets on a Polish sample
Authors: Lipp Natalia , Sterna Radosław , Dużmańska-Misiarczyk Natalia , Strojny Agnieszka , Poeschl-Guenther Sandra , Strojny Paweł
Published: December 2021

This paper presents validation of the VR Simulation Realism Scale on a Polish sample. The scale enables a self-report measurement of perceived realism of a virtual environment in four main aspects of such realism–scene realism, audience behavior realism, audience appearance realism and sound realism. However, since the development of the original scale, the VR technology significantly changed. We aimed to respond to that change and revalidate the original measure in the contemporary setting. For the purpose of scale validation, data was gathered from six studies with 720 participants in total. Five experiments and one online survey were conducted to examine psychometric properties of the scale in accordance with the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Evidence based on internal structure, relations to other variables and test content was obtained. The factorial structure of the original scale was tested and confirmed. The connections between realism and immersion, presence, aesthetics were verified. A suppressed relationship between realism and positive affect was discovered. Moreover, it was confirmed that scale result is dependent on the quality of VR graphics. Results of the analyses provide the evidence that the VR Simulation Realism Scale is a well-established tool that might be used both in science and in VR development. However, further research needs to be done to increase external validity and predictive power of the scale.