bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN SERTA DAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DISTRIK (KECAMATAN) NABIRE
Authors: Mardianthy Febhy , Mirwan Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Sebagai pusat kota dan perekonomian pemandangan tumpukan sampah,sampah tercecer di pingir jalan,sampah terbuang di sungai-sungai,sampah yang merusak jalur hijau adalah merupakan hal yang sudah biasa. Kepedulian dan kesadaran masyarakat akan dampak buruk sampah untuk masa yang akan datang. Sampah rumah tangga distrik nabire merupakan permasalahan terbesar terhadap lingkungan hidup di distrik nabire. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengurangi jumlah timbulan sampah di distrik nabire dan mengetahui peras serta masyarakat terhadap timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan di distrik nabire. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian analisa normalitas dan metode korelasi. Dari hasil yang di dapatkan distrik nabire menghasilkan sampah rata-rata sebanyak 45,625 kg/16hari dengan komposisi sampah organik sebanyak 94 kg/16hari, sampah anorganik sebanyak 202 kg/16hari. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini terdapat penuruan timbulan sampah dengan adanya peran serta masyarakat dari total sampah awalsebanyak 730 kg/hari menjadi 434 kg/hari.
PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH CAIR PETERNAKAN SAPI DENGAN INTERVENSI OXIDATION POND UNTUK MENYELESAIKAN PERMASALAHAN BAU DAN RISIKO KONTAMINASI BADAN AIR
Authors: Thohiroh Mubayyinatuth , Ali Munawar , Hendrasarie Novirina , Rosariawari Firra
Published: July 2021

Air bekas operasional peternakan sapi yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dan langsung dibuang ke lingkungan dapat menimbulkan bau tidak sedap dan meningkatkan risiko kontaminasi badan air di sekitarnya. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem pengelolaan yang efektif dan efisien untuk menyelesaikannya. Metode penelitian meliputi perancangan sistem pengelolaan dan eksperimen pengolahan skala laboratorium. Sistem pengelolaan limbah cair peternakan sapi terdiri dari 3 tahap, yakni pra-perlakuan, perlakuan primer, dan perlakuan sekunder. Oxidation pond berperan sebagai unit pengolahannya. Air limbah diolah di dalam oxidation pond dengan variasi debit oksigen yang diinjeksikan 6 L/menit, 8 L/menit, dan 11 L/menit dengan waktu tinggal selama waktu hitung (berturut-turut 0,256 hari, 0,1356 hari, 0,1096 hari), 3 hari, 7 hari, dan 14 hari). Air limbah setelah pengolahan tidak berbau. Kadar BOD akhir terbaik 98 mg/L, sedangkan kadar Ammonia Total akhir terbaik 0,00032 mg/L. Pengelolaan dengan oxidation pond sebagai unit pengolahannya efektif mengatasi permasalahan bau dan menurunkan kadar BOD dan Ammonia.
EFEKTIVITAS ADSORBEN BERBAHAN FILTER ROKOK NON-PAKAI UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR CO DAN NOx PADA ASAP ROKOK
Authors: Kinanti Kawista Arum , Hendrasarie Novirina
Published: July 2021

Pencemaran udara tidak hanya terjadi diluar ruangan tetapi juga didalam ruangan, Salah satu pencemar dalam ruangan yang banyak dijumpai adalah gas Karbon Monoksida (CO) dan Nitrogen Oksida (NOx). Asap pembakaran tidak sempurna terakumulasi didalam ruangan akibat dari konsumsi rokok. Reduksi polutan dapat dilakukan dengan cara adsorpsi, penelitian ini memanfatkan limbah filter rokok non – pakai jenis capsule dan charcoal dari pabrik penghasil filter rokok yang tidak lolos uji kualitas untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai karbon aktif yang akan dipergunakan sebagai adsorben CO dan NOx pada asap rokok. Filter rokok setelah dikarbonisasi kemudian diaktivasi dengan larutan KOH 65% menggunkan perbandingan activator agent dan larutan sebesar 4:1.Penelitian ini menggunakan reaktor yang dimodelkan seperti ruangan dengan volume ruang 0,02 m2. Karbon aktif berbahan dasar FR-Capsule dan FR-Charcoal terbukti mampu menurunkan kadar CO sebesar 86,8% dalam waktu kontak 120 menit dan NOx 89,7% dalam waktu kontak 30 menit pada sidestream smoke, dan kandungan CO turun sebesar 98,8% sedangkan NOx turun sebesar 100% pada waktu kontak 30 menit pada mainstream smoke.
ANALISIS DAMPAK PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DENGAN METODE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) PADA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) PT. SURABAYA INDUSTRIAL ESTATE RUNGKUT (SIER) SURABAYA
Authors: Yekti Hanugrah Sinedyo , Mirwan Mohammad
Published: July 2021

PT SIER memiliki pusat pegolahan air limbah yang dapat mengolah dan menetralisir limbah industri dan rumah tangga yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik di kawasan industri sehingga aman disalurkan ke Sungai Tambak Oso. Melalui metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dapat menganalisis dampak lingkungan, yaitu perubahan apapun yang terjadi pada lingkungan, seluruhnya atau sebagian disebabkan oleh aspek lingkungan. Pada analisis ini menggunakan pendekatan gate to gate dengan SimaPro 9.1.0.11. dengan metode analisis dampak IMPACT 2002+ sehingga mendapatkan hasil sesuai dengan tujuan dan mendekati dengan keadaan yang terjadi di lingkungan instalasi pengolahan air limbah PT.SIER. Diperoleh impact category terbesar dari hasil analisis ini yaitu respiratory inorganics 0,334 DALY, global warming sebesar 252000 kg CO2 eq, non-renewable energy sebesar 3730000 MJ. Alternatif program perbaikan yang dapat dilakuka untuk menurunkan dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan oleh proses pengolahan air limbah yaitu pengolahan gas metan dengan digestasi anaerobik, pembuatan lahan terbuka hijau, dan pemantauan berkala dan pembaruan pada perangkat unit instalasi.
VARIASI TRAY AERATOR DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MEDIA KAOLIN DAN KARBON AKTIF UNTUK MENURUNKAN (Fe) DAN (Mn) TERLARUT DI AIR SUMUR
Authors: Karuniawan Hamsah , Ali Munawar
Published: July 2021

Air sumur sebagai alternatif air bersih sering didapati mengandung besi (Fe) dan (Mn). Kandungan Fe dan Mn tersebut menyebabkan warna kuning-kecoklatan dan meninggalkan noda kuning pada kain. Air sumur ini dapat dilakukan pengolahan dengan beberapa cara salah satunya dengan aerasi. Aerasi merupakan proses penambahan udara ke dalam air melalui kontak antara air dengan udara. Aerator memiliki beberapa jenis salah satunya adalah Tray aerator. Tray aerator adalah aerasi dengan susunan nampan secara vertikal. Air akan melewati tingkatan nampan yang berlubang dan akan ditampung di bawah. Untuk menambah efisiensi penurunan kadar Fe dan Mn dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan media Kaolin dan karbon aktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Penambahan media adsorben dalam Variasi Tray aerator berpengaruh terhadap persen removal kadar Fe dan Mn dalam air sumur. Dengan persen removal Fe tertingi 86,09% dengan hasil 0,64 mg/l menggunnakan media kaolin 500 gr dengan waktu 90 menit dan persen removal Mn tertinggi 88,70% dengan hasil 0,26 mg/l dengan waktu 90 menit.
PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE KAWASAN INDUSTRI DENGAN MIKROORGANISME ASPERGILLUS NIGER, PSEUDOMONAS PUTTIDA DAN PENAMBAHAN AIR KELAPA MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK
Authors: Pahlevi Febry Adam , Mirwan Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Pemanfaatan lumpur hasil pengolahan limbah cair sangat minim dan kurang perhatian oleh banyak Kawasan industri. Pengolahan lumpur hasil pengolahan limbah cair PT SIER dengan cara pengomposan merupakan upaya pengolahan lumpur industri agar tidak mencemari lingkungan. Metode pengomposan dapat menjadi alternatif dalam pemanfaatan limbah. Limbah yang digunakan adalah lumpur hasil pengolahan limbah cair yang dicampur dengan sampah sayur-sayuran. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi berat dengan rasio campuran 1:1, 2:1 dan 1:2 dengan total berat 12 kg yang di masukan ke dalam bak dengan variasi tambahan jamur, bakteri dan air kelapa. Ke pada masing masing 12 bak reaktor dengan tambahan 3 bak reaktor tanpa tambahan. dengan lamanya waktu pengomposan selama 20 hari. Hasil dari pengomposan dapat menurunkan rasio C/N dan meningkatkan Hara makro yang sudah memenuhi satndar baku mutu permentan Nomor 70/Permentan/SR. 140/10/2011. Ada bak yang mampu memenuhi baku mutu dengan rasio C/N 16.58 dan kadar Hara makro 4.3%.
Az egészségügyi szolgáltatók csődmodellvizsgálata
Authors: Hegedűs Mihály
Published: July 2021

Az elemzés tárgyát képező intézmény a Péterfy Kórház-Rendelőintézet és Manninger Jenő Országos Traumatológiai Intézet. Azért erre a kórházra esett a választás, hogy a helyzete elemzés-re kerüljön, mert korábban készítettem róla egy csődmodell vizsgálattal egybekötött tanulmányt. A korábbi adatokból felállított előrejelzések, következtetések bekövetkezését is tudom vizsgálni az által, hogy a korábbi kutatást folytatom, illetve így nagyobb időszakot tud felölelni a mostani analízis, így még pontosabb kép kapható a jövőre nézve az intézmény tekintetében.A mérleg adatok vizsgálata a 2014-2019. évek adataival zajlik, ennek az oka, hogy a 2014. évben változott a költségvetési beszámoló formátuma, sorai, így a beszámolók a korábbi évek-kel való összehasonlítása átalakítással lenne lehetséges, viszont a terjedelmi korlátok miatt jelen tanulmányban, ezt nem valósítom meg. A csődmodell vizsgálat azonban a 2006. évtől vizsgálja az intézményt, hiszen a mutatók a megfelelő kikötésekkel a korábbi beszámoló séma szerint is számíthatóak.Az eszközök és források elemzése során csak azok a mérlegsorok kerülnek bemutatásra, amelyek a vizsgált időszak vonatkozásában értékkel bírnak.
Resiliencia urbana y COVID19. El caso de Loja - Ecuador
Authors: Ordóñez-León Andrea
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN. La emergencia sanitaria provocada por la COVID19 ha puesto en crisis el modelo de la ciudad, la vivienda y las prácticas habitacionales, manifestando situaciones que evidencian nuevos requerimientos espaciales, una reestructuración de los sistemas y espacios públicos y privados y nuevas formas de ocuparlos. OBJETIVO. La presente investigación indaga sobre los cambios en la ocupación del espacio público y la adaptación de los sistemas urbanos en el contexto de la pandemia. MÉTODO. Con grupos focales se identificaron estas nuevas prácticas a través de cartografías de recorridos en la ciudad, que se contrastaron y verificaron con los cambios en la estructura de abastecimiento de la ciudad y mediante una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de la población de la ciudad de Loja. RESULTADOS. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la población ha cambiado su comportamiento y modos de interactuar en la ciudad y que a la vez la ciudad se ha adaptado funcionalmente en respuesta al escenario COVID19. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Se evidencia que esta respuesta replantea la lógica de la ciudad centralizada a una de ciudad distribuida, en donde los servicios de proximidad son una solución resiliente producida por cambios en las dinámicas económicas y sociales.
PENERAPAN ASAS ULTIMUM REMIDIUM DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Luthfi Hisbul
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe application of criminal law that was originally as an effort / last way (Ultimum Remedium)became the first effort/way (Primum Remedium)especially in applying Law No. 11 of 2008 as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 on Information and Electronic Transactions (UUITE) In this research using a type of normative legal research using statue approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. This study aims to find out how the application of ultimum remedial  principle in the study of criminal law, How to reconstruct the criminal policy of the use of Law No. 11 of 2008 on amendments to Law No. 19 of 2016 on ITE. Surely this requires the existence of over criminalization on the application of criminalization that ensures the existence of disharmony in the application of criminal law, which negates the sense of humanity.Keywords:    Ultimum Remidum, Restorative Justice, LAW ITE  ABSTRAK Penerapan hukum pidana yang semula sebagai upaya/cara terakhir (Ultimum Remedium) menjadi upaya/cara pertama (Primum Remedium) terutama dalam menerapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 sebagaimana telah diubah atas Undang-undang No 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UUITE) Pada penelitian ini mengunakan jenis jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengunakan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan (Statue Approach), Pendekatan konseptual (Conseptual Approach), dan pendekatan kasus (Case Approach). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah penerapan asas ultimum remidium dalam kajian hukum pidana, Bagaimana rekontruksi kebijakan kriminal penggunaan Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang ITE. Tentunya hal ini menyebapkan adanya over ciminalization pada penerapan pemidanaan yang menyebapkan adanya ketidak harmonisan dalam penerapan hukum pidana, dimana meniadakan rasa kemanusiaan.Kata Kunci : Ultimum Remidum, Restorative Justice, UU ITE
URGENSI PENERAPAN SISTEM CYBER NOTARY DITENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Amanda Tamara Dwi Rizki , Rizkianti Wardani
Published: July 2021

Indonesia telah menetapkan pandemi Covid-19 sebagai penyakit yang menimbulkan keadaan darurat kesehatan masyarakat, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan beberapa peraturan yang mengharuskan masyarakat untuk bekerja dari rumah (work from home). Penelitian ini meliputi dua pokok permasalahan yaitu yang Pertama, bagaiman keabsahan akta notaris yang dibuat dengan system cyber notary? Kedua, bagaimana urgensi penerapan sistem cyber notary ditengah pandemi Covid-19? Penulisan ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Akta notaris yang dibuat dengan cyber notary memiliki kekuatan pembuktian sebagai akta dibawah tangan. Pentingnya penerapan cyber notary ditengah pandemi diperkuat salah satunya dengan adanya Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2020 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 yang mengharuskan untuk menutup sektor perkantoran serta bekerja dari rumah guna memutus tali penyebaran corona virus di Indonesia.
Um mapeamento de pesquisas sobre atividades de Modelagem Matemática desenvolvidas de forma online
Authors: Menezes Rhômulo Oliveira , Bairral Marcelo Almeida
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo apresenta-se um mapeamento de pesquisas que pautaram o desenvolvimento de atividades de Modelagem Matemática de forma online. Os aspectos metodológicos de busca, seleção e análise dos trabalhos seguiram as orientações de Randolph (2009). Inicialmente optamos por um mapeamento em dissertações e teses compreendidas no recorte temporal de 2001 a 2018, que foram analisadas por Menezes (2019) e publicado nos Anais da 39ª Reunião Nacional da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação. Para este texto, ampliamos os tipos de trabalhos considerados selecionando, também, artigos de periódicos e de anais de eventos, nacionais e internacionais da área de Educação Matemática. Esse mapeamento aponta que existem poucos trabalhos sobre atividades de Modelagem Matemática desenvolvidas de forma online, e desses poucos trabalhos, menor ainda é o número daqueles em que as pesquisas investigaram atividades de Modelagem Matemática desenvolvidas de forma online e totalmente síncrona, revelando esse contexto como promissor para o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas.
Effects of Adding CO2 to Low Level H2S Containing Aqueous Environments on the Corrosion and Hydrogen Penetration Behaviors of High-Strength Steel
Authors: Ryu Seung Min , Park Jin-seong , Bang Hye Rin , Kim Sung Jin
Published: July 2021

The effects of adding CO2 to low level H2S containing aqueous environment on the corrosion and hydrogen penetration behaviors of high-strength steel were evaluated using a range of experimental and analytical methods. The corrosion rate of the steel sample exposed to a low level of H2S dissolved in an aqueous solution was comparatively higher than the one exposed to a mixture of low concentrations of H2S with CO2 dissolved in the aqueous solution. The higher corrosion resistance of the steel in the mixture of low concentrations of H2S and CO2 was attributed primarily to the three-layer structure of corrosion scale, comprised of an outer Fe-oxide, middle FeS1-X, and inner FeCO3, which formed on the steel sample. In particular, the formation of a thin FeCO3 layer with protective and non-conductive nature may serve as an effective barrier against the penetration of aggressive ionic species in solution, as well as hydrogen atoms formed by cathodic reduction or hydrolysis reactions. Consequently, the hydrogen permeation level, which was measured in a mixture of low-level H2S and CO2, was controlled to a comparatively lower value. Nevertheless, the higher level of hydrogen permeation in a mixture of low levels of H2S and CO2 at the early corrosion stage might increase the potential risk of pre-mature failure by hydrogen-assisted cracking.
Development of a High-Performance-Ferrite Magnet Fabrication Process without Sintering Additives
Authors: Yu Pyeong-Yeol , Kim Min-Ho , Kang Young-Min
Published: July 2021

Sintered M-type hexaferrites with the chemical formula of Sr0.3Ca0.4La0.3Fe9.8Co0.2-xMnxSi0.135O19-d (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) and Sr0.3Ca0.4La0.3Fe9.8-yCo0.2MnySi0.135O19-d (y = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) were prepared by conventional solid station reaction routes. A high sintering density of more than 95% of the theoretical density was achieved in all hexaferrite samples when calcination was carried out at 1100 oC for 4 h, followed by sintering at 1230-1250 oC for 2 h without the use of sintering additives. High saturation magnetization and coercivity were achieved simultaneously at the x = 0.05 composition, where Mn replaces part of the Co. The secondary phase Fe2O3 generated by the initial addition of SiO2 was gradually reduced when the Fe contented was decreased in the Sr0.3Ca0.4La0.3Fe9.8-zCo0.15Mn0.05Si0.135O19-d samples, and a single M-type hexaferrite phase was confirmed in the Sr0.3Ca0.4La0.3Fe8.3Co0.15Mn0.05Si0.135O19-d (z = 1.5) sample, which also exhibited optimized hard magnetic properties, with a saturation magnetization of 4581 G and coercivity of 4771 Oe. Anisotropic sintered magnets were fabricated using the optimized composition, and showed excellent hard magnetic properties, with a remanent magnetic flux density of 4400 G and intrinsic coercivity of 4118 Oe, and a maximum energy product of 4.72 M·G·Oe. This result is very promising because high magnet performance can be achieved with a single batch process without the need for sintering additives during the process.
NAFKAH IN FIQIH AND INDONESIA LAW PERSPECTIVE ;
Authors: Masruri Ahmad Halimi
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of a qualitative field research. This research is a legal sociology research. This article discusses the neglect of livelihoods that occurred in Gedang Hamlet, Tambakrejo Village. Researcher analyzes the research data with fiqh theory and the Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 1974. The findings of this study are that the neglect of livelihood that occurs in Gedang Hamlet, Tambakrejo Village is included in the category of violation of the income obligation, it can even be included as domestic violence. There are two things to be argued. Ms. LM's husband has not given her a living for 6 months, the second is that Mrs. LM's husband often comes home at night, sometimes even for several days he does not come home. fiqh clearly mentions the categories of earning a living, although with many variations. All fiqh differences of opinion about the limits of living were violated by LM's mother's husband. Law No. 23 of 2004 was also violated in terms of fulfilling the husband's support for his wife.

Keyword: living limits, fiqh, the rule of law

 

Abstrak

 Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif lapangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosiologi hukum. Artikel ini mendiskusikan penelantaran nafkah yang terjadi di Dusun Gedang Desa Tambakrejo. Peneliti menganalisis data penelitian dengan teori fiqih dan undang-undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa penelantaran nafkah yang terjadi di Dusun Gedang Desa Tambakrejo termasuk kategori pelanggaran kewajiban nafkah, bahkan dapat dimasukkan tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Ada dua hal yang menjadi argument. Suami Ibu LM ini sudah selama 6 Bulan tidak memberi nafkah, yang kedua adalah bahwa suami Ibu LM sering pulang malam, bahkan terkadang selama beberapa hari tidak pulang kerumah. fikih menyebutkan secara jelas kategori pemenuhan nafkah walaupun dengan banyak variasi perbedaan. Kesemua perbedaan pendapat fiqih tentang batasan nafkah dilanggar oleh suami ibu LM. Undang-undang No 23 Tahun 2004 juga dilanggar dalam hal pememnuhan nafkah suami terhadap istri.

 

Kata Kunci: batas nafkah, fikih, aturan undang-undang
Good Democratic Governance Can Combat COVID-19
Authors: Annaka Susumu
Published: July 2021

Some scholars argue that democracy is in crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, successful cases such as New Zealand and Taiwan are often overlooked in these studies. These countries are often considered to have higher levels of government effectiveness. Using cross-national data from 148 countries, this study analyzed the impact of government effectiveness and its relationship with political regimes. The results revealed that democratic countries with higher government effectiveness can reduce COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study suggests that democratic countries need not give up freedom and need to improve government effectiveness to combat COVID-19.
Novel Cost-Efficient Graphene-Based Impedance Biosensor for the Analysis of Viral Cytopathogenicity and the Effect of Antiviral Drugs
Authors: Schultz Anke , Knoll Thorsten , Urban Andreas , Schuck Herbert , von Briesen Hagen , Germann Anja , Velten Thomas
Published: July 2021

Biosensors become increasingly relevant for medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical industry, and environmental technology, for example, to test new drugs easily and reliably or to detect cell growth in changing environmental conditions. Novel materials like graphene are promising candidates to produce biosensors on an industrial scale by means of printing processes. To reach this aim, methods for the reliable and automated production of electrode structures and their coating are required. We present an impedance biosensor in the format of a microtiter plate, fabricated by highly efficient roll-to-roll printing of graphene-based microstructures on large-area polymer foils. Proof-of-principle experiments show the evidence of the suitability of the printed graphene biosensors for impedance-based monitoring of viral cytopathogenicity and its inhibition in the presence of antiviral drugs. The developed system is a promising approach toward cost-efficient impedimetric biosensors for high-throughput screening in vaccine research and antiviral drug development.
Mapping Microproteins and ncRNA-Encoded Polypeptides in Different Mouse Tissues
Authors: Pan Ni , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Bing , Wan Jian , Wan Cuihong
Published: July 2021

Small open reading frame encoded peptides (SEPs), also called microproteins, play a vital role in biological processes. Plenty of their open reading frames are located within the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) range. Recent research has demonstrated that ncRNA-encoded polypeptides have essential functions and exist ubiquitously in various tissues. To better understand the role of microproteins, especially ncRNA-encoded proteins, expressed in different tissues, we profiled the proteomic characterization of five mouse tissues by mass spectrometry, including bottom-up, top-down, and de novo sequencing strategies. Bottom-up and top-down with database-dependent searches identified 811 microproteins in the OpenProt database. De novo sequencing identified 290 microproteins, including 12 ncRNA-encoded microproteins that were not found in current databases. In this study, we discovered 1,074 microproteins in total, including 270 ncRNA-encoded microproteins. From the annotation of these microproteins, we found that the brain contains the largest number of neuropeptides, while the spleen contains the most immunoassociated microproteins. This suggests that microproteins in different tissues have tissue-specific functions. These unannotated ncRNA-coded microproteins have predicted domains, such as the macrophage migration inhibitory factor domain and the Prefoldin domain. These results expand the mouse proteome and provide insight into the molecular biology of mouse tissues.
Quantitative Analysis of Methylated Adenosine Modifications Revealed Increased Levels of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2′-O-Dimethyladenosine (m6Am) in Serum From Colorectal Cancer and Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Hu Yiqiu , Fang Zhihao , Mu Jiayi , Huang Yanqin , Zheng Shu , Yuan Ying , Guo Cheng
Published: July 2021

Colorectal cancer and gastric cancer are the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide, and early detection of these cancers is crucial to reduce their incidence and mortality. RNA methylation plays an important regulatory role in a variety of physiological activities, and it has drawn great attention in recent years. Methylated adenosine (A) modifications such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 2′-O-methyladenosine (Am), N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), and N6,N6-dimethyladenosine (m62A) are typical epigenetic markers of RNA, and they are closely correlated to various diseases including cancer. Serum is a valuable source of biofluid for biomarker discovery, and determination of these adenosine modifications in human serum is desirable since they are emerging biomarkers for detection of diseases. In this work, a targeted quantitative analysis method using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) was developed and utilized to analyze these methylated adenosine modifications in serum samples. The concentration differences between the healthy volunteers and cancer patients were evaluated by Mann–Whitney test, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to access the potential of these nucleosides as biomarkers. We demonstrated the presence of the m6Am in human serum for the first time, and we successfully quantified the concentrations of A, m6A, m1A, and m6Am in serum samples from 99 healthy controls, 51 colorectal cancer patients, and 27 gastric cancer patients. We found that the levels of m6A and m6Am in serum were both increased in colorectal cancer or gastric cancer patients, compared to that in healthy controls. These results indicate that m6A and m6Am in serum may act as potential biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. In addition, the present work will stimulate investigations on the effects of adenosine methylation on the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer.
The Action of Reproductive Fluids and Contained Steroids, Prostaglandins, and Zn2+ on CatSper Ca2+ Channels in Human Sperm
Authors: Jeschke Janice K. , Biagioni Cristina , Schierling Tobias , Wagner Isabel Viola , Börgel Frederik , Schepmann Dirk , Schüring Andreas , Kulle Alexandra E. , Holterhus Paul Martin , von Wolff Michael , Wünsch Bernhard , Nordhoff Verena , Strünker Timo , Brenker Christoph
Published: July 2021

The sperm-specific Ca2+channel CatSper registers chemical cues that assist human sperm to fertilize the egg. Prime examples are progesterone and prostaglandin E1that activate CatSper without involving classical nuclear and G protein-coupled receptors, respectively. Here, we study the action of seminal and follicular fluid as well of the contained individual prostaglandins and steroids on the intracellular Ca2+concentration of sperm from donors andCATSPER2-deficient patients that lack functional CatSper channels. We show that any of the reproductive steroids and prostaglandins evokes a rapid Ca2+increase that invariably rests on Ca2+influxviaCatSper. The hormones compete for the same steroid- and prostaglandin-binding site to activate the channel, respectively. Analysis of the hormones’ structure–activity relationship highlights their unique pharmacology in sperm and the chemical features determining their effective properties. Finally, we show that Zn2+suppresses the action of steroids and prostaglandins on CatSper, which might prevent premature prostaglandin activation of CatSper in the ejaculate, aiding sperm to escape from the ejaculate into the female genital tract. Altogether, our findings reinforce that human CatSper serves as a promiscuous chemosensor that enables sperm to probe the varying hormonal microenvironment prevailing at different stages during their journey across the female genital tract.
Optical Clearing and Light Sheet Microscopy Imaging of Amphioxus
Authors: Machacova Simona , Chmelova Helena , Vavrova Anna , Kozmik Zbynek , Kozmikova Iryna
Published: July 2021

Cephalochordates (amphioxi or lancelets) are representatives of the most basally divergent group of the chordate phylum. Studies of amphioxus development and anatomy hence provide a key insight into vertebrate evolution. More widespread use of amphioxus in the evo–devo field would be greatly facilitated by expanding the methodological toolbox available in this model system. For example, evo–devo research on amphioxus requires deep understanding of animal anatomy. Although conventional confocal microscopy can visualize transparent amphioxus embryos and early larvae, the imaging of later developmental stages is problematic because of the size and opaqueness of the animal. Here, we show that light sheet microscopy combined with tissue clearing methods enables exploration of large amphioxus specimens while keeping the surface and the internal structures intact. We took advantage of the phenomenon of autofluorescence of amphioxus larva to highlight anatomical details. In order to investigate molecular markers at the single-cell level, we performed antibody-based immunodetection of melanopsin and acetylated-α-tubulin to label rhabdomeric photoreceptors and the neuronal scaffold. Our approach that combines light sheet microscopy with the clearing protocol, autofluorescence properties of amphioxus, and antibody immunodetection allows visualizing anatomical structures and even individual cells in the 3D space of the entire animal body.
Search for Global Minimum Structures of P2n+1+ (n = 1–15) Using xTB-Based Basin-Hopping Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Min , Xu Yicheng , Cui Yongliang , Zhang Xianyi , Kong Xianglei
Published: July 2021

A new program for searching global minimum structures of atomic clusters using basin-hopping algorithm based on the xTB method was developed here. The program can be performed with a much higher speed than its replacement directly based on DFT methods. Considering the structural varieties and complexities in finding their global minimum structures, phosphorus cluster cations were studied by the program. The global minimum structures of cationic P2n+1+ (n = 1–15) clusters are determined through the unbiased structure searching method. In the last step, further DFT optimization was performed for the selected isomers. For P2n+1+ (n = 1–4, 7), the found global minimum structures are in consistent with the ones previously reported; while for P2n+1+ (n = 5, 6, 8–12), newly found isomers are more energy-favorable than those previously reported. And those for P2n+1+ (n = 13–15) are reported here for the first time. Among them, the most stable isomers of P2n+1+ (n = 4–6, 9) are characterized by their C3v, Cs, C2v and Cs symmetry, in turn. But those of P2n+1+ (n = 7, 8, 10–12), no symmetry has been identified. The most stable isomers of P29+ and P31+ are characterized by single P-P bonds bridging units inside the clusters. Further analysis shows that the pnicogen bonds play an important role in the stabilization of these clusters. These results show that the new developed program is effective and robust in searching global minimum structures for atom clusters, and it also provides new insights into the role of pnicogen bonds in phosphorus clusters.
Molecular Structure, Spectral Investigations, Hydrogen Bonding Interactions and Reactivity-Property Relationship of Caffeine-Citric Acid Cocrystal by Experimental and DFT Approach
Authors: Verma Priya , Srivastava Anubha , Srivastava Karnica , Tandon Poonam , Shimpi Manishkumar R.
Published: July 2021

The pharmaceutical cocrystal of caffeine-citric acid (CAF-CA, Form II) has been studied to explore the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions and structure-reactivity-property relationship between the two constituents CAF and Citric acid. The cocrystal was prepared by slurry crystallization. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis was done to characterize CAF-CA cocrystal. Also, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the existence of CAF-CA cocrystal. The vibrational spectroscopic (FT-IR and FT-Raman) signatures and quantum chemical approach have been used as a strategy to get insights into structural and spectral features of CAF-CA cocrystal. There was a good correlation among the experimental and theoretical results of dimer of cocrystal, as this model is capable of covering all nearest possible interactions present in the crystal structure of cocrystal. The spectroscopic results confirmed that (O33-H34) mode forms an intramolecular (C25 = O28∙∙∙H34-O33), while (O26-H27) (O39-H40) and (O43-H44) groups form intermolecular hydrogen bonding (O26-H27∙∙∙N24-C22, O39-H40∙∙∙O52 = C51 and O43-H44∙∙∙O86 = C83) in cocrystal due to red shifting and increment in bond length. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis revealed (O88-H89∙∙∙O41) as strongest intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with interaction energy −12.4247 kcal mol−1 in CAF-CA cocrystal. The natural bond orbital analysis of the second-order theory of the Fock matrix highlighted the presence of strong interactions (N∙∙∙H and O∙∙∙H) in cocrystal. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap value shows that the CAF-CA cocrystal is more reactive, less stable and softer than CAF active pharmaceutical ingredients. The electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivities of atomic sites involved in intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions in cocrystal have been demonstrated by mapping electron density isosurfaces over electrostatic potential i.e. plotting molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) map. The molar refractivity value of cocrystal lies within the set range by Lipinski and hence it may be used as orally active form. The results show that the physicochemical properties of CAF-CA cocrystal are enhanced in comparison to CAF (API).
Mode Bifurcation on Contact Line Dynamics at Oil/Water Interface Depending on the Contact Line Length
Authors: Yamamoto Daigo , Maeno Jumpei , Manabe Yuki , Okamoto Yasunao , Nawa-Okita Erika , Shioi Akihisa
Published: July 2021

The motion of the contact line at the oil/water interface caused by chemical reactions is well known as a typical example of artificial active matter in the field of nonlinear science. When water (containing trimethylstearylammonium chloride) and nitrobenzene (containing iodide anion) phases are in contact, the regulated traveling-wave patterns appear along the inner wall of the glass container. In this study, we demonstrate a new dynamical mode of the contact line, an up-and-down motion, which becomes dominant with the decrease in the size of a glass tube, and the probability of occurrence is extremely high when the diameter of the glass tube is below 1 mm. A physicochemical model of the contact line motion that incorporates the spatiotemporal variation of the surfactant concentration on a glass surface is proposed, and its effect on the wettability of oil/water phases on the walls of the glass tubes is studied. The present model can reproduce the mode bifurcation of the dynamical motion depending on the inner diameter of the glass tubes.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phosphoribosyltransferase Promotes Bacterial Survival in Macrophages by Inducing Histone Hypermethylation in Autophagy-Related Genes
Authors: Sengupta Srabasti , Nayak Barsa , Meuli Michael , Sander Peter , Mishra Snehasish , Sonawane Avinash
Published: July 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inhibits autophagy to promote its survival in host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Mtb inhibits autophagy are poorly understood. Here, we report a previously unknown mechanism in which Mtb phosphoribosyltransferase (MtbPRT) inhibits autophagy in an mTOR, negative regulator of autophagy, independent manner by inducing histone hypermethylation (H3K9me2/3) at the Atg5 and Atg7 promoters by activating p38-MAPK- and EHMT2 methyltransferase-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, we find that MtbPRT induces EZH2 methyltransferase-dependent H3K27me3 hypermethylation and reduces histone acetylation modifications (H3K9ac and H3K27ac) by upregulating histone deacetylase 3 to inhibit autophagy. In summary, this is the first demonstration that Mtb inhibits autophagy by inducing histone hypermethylation in autophagy-related genes to promote intracellular bacterial survival.
A Systematic Evaluation of Mobile Health Applications for the Prevention of Suicidal Behavior or Non-suicidal Self-injury
Authors: Sander Lasse B. , Lemor Marie-Luise , Van der Sloot Racine J. A. , De Jaegere Eva , Büscher Rebekka , Messner Eva-Maria , Baumeister Harald , Terhorst Yannik
Published: July 2021

People with suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior face numerous barriers to help-seeking, which worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mobile health applications (MHA) are discussed as one solution to improve healthcare. However, the commercial app markets are growing unregulated and rapidly, leading to an inscrutable market. This study evaluates the quality, features, functions, and prevention strategies of MHA for people with suicidal ideation and NSSI. An automatic search engine identified MHA for suicidal behavior and NSSI in the European commercial app stores. MHA quality and general characteristics were assessed using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). MHA of high quality (top 25%) were examined in detail and checked for consistency with established suicide prevention strategies. Of 10,274 identified apps, 179 MHA met the predefined inclusion criteria. Average MHA quality was moderate (M = 3.56, SD = 0.40). Most MHA provided emergency contact, but lacked security features. High-quality MHA were broadly consistent with the best-practice guidelines. The search revealed apps containing potentially harmful and triggering content, and no randomized controlled trial of any included MHA was found. Despite a large heterogeneity in the quality of MHA, high-quality MHA for suicidal behavior and NSSI are available in European commercial app stores. However, a lack of a scientific evidence base poses potential threats to users.
Case Report: Identification of Potential Prognosis-Related TP53 Mutation and BCL6-LPP Fusion in Primary Pituitary Lymphoma by Next Generation Sequencing: Two Cases
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ma Liyuan , Liu Jie , Zhu Huijuan , Lu Lin , Deng Kan , Ma Wenbin , Pan Hui , Wang Renzhi , Yao Yong
Published: July 2021

Background

Primary pituitary lymphoma (PPL) is an extremely rare disease with poor prognosis. Although PPL has been shown to be different from classical primary central nervous system lymphoma because of the embryological origin of structures, individual and precise treatment of PPL remains unknown.

Methods

A 61-year-old man and a 65-year-old woman both diagnosed with primary pituitary diffuse large B cell lymphoma underwent genetic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and tumor tissue by next generation sequencing.

Results

In the first case, partial remission was achieved following R²-MTX chemotherapy. In the other case with TP53 mutation and BCL6-LPP fusion, disease progressed although different chemotherapy regimens were given.

Conclusion

The gene mutation of TP53 and BCL6 may be identified as a marker responsible for prognostic difference in patients with PPL. Genetic analysis may provide a novel approach for precise management and prognosis prediction.
Assessing Wealth-Related Inequalities in Demand for Family Planning Satisfied in 43 African Countries
Authors: Hellwig Franciele , Coll Carolina V. N. , Blumenberg Cauane , Ewerling Fernanda , Kabiru Caroline W. , Barros Aluisio J. D.
Published: July 2021

Background: Around 80% of the African population lives in urban areas, and a rapid urbanization is observed in almost all countries. Urban poverty has been linked to several sexual and reproductive health risks, including high levels of unintended pregnancies. We aim to investigate wealth inequalities in demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods (mDFPS) among women living in urban areas from African countries.

Methods: We used data from 43 national health surveys carried out since 2010 to assess wealth inequalities in mDFPS. mDFPS and the share of modern contraceptive use were stratified by groups of household wealth. We also assessed the ecological relationship between the proportion of urban population living in informal settlements and both mDFPS and inequalities in coverage.

Results: mDFPS among urban women ranged from 27% (95% CI: 23–31%) in Chad to 87% (95% CI: 84–89%) in Eswatini. We found significant inequalities in mDFPS with lower coverage among the poorest women in most countries. In North Africa, inequalities in mDFPS were identified only in Sudan, where coverage ranged between 7% (95% CI: 3–15%) among the poorest and 52% (95% CI: 49–56%) among the wealthiest. The largest gap in the Eastern and Southern African was found in Angola; 6% (95% CI: 3–11%) among the poorest and 46% (95% CI: 41–51%) among the wealthiest. In West and Central Africa, large gaps were found for almost all countries, especially in Central African Republic, where mDFPS was 11% (95% CI: 7–18%) among the poorest and 47% (95% CI: 41–53%) among the wealthiest. Inequalities by type of method were also observed for urban poor, with an overall pattern of lower use of long-acting and permanent methods. Our ecological analyses showed that the higher the proportion of the population living in informal settlements, the lower the mDFPS and the higher the inequalities.

Conclusion: Our results rise the need for more focus on the urban-poorer women by public policies and programs. Future interventions developed by national governments and international organizations should consider the interconnection between urbanization, poverty, and reproductive health.
Telehealth for Addressing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: A Hybrid Telemedicine-Community Accompaniment Model for Abortion and Contraception Services in Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Irum , Küng Stephanie Andrea , Aziz Hina , Sabir Samina , Shabbir Ghulam , Ahmed Mukhtar , Dabash Rasha
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic led overburdened health care systems to deprioritize essential sexual and reproductive healthcare, including abortion and contraception care, while accelerating shifts in healthcare delivery to digital technologies. However, in many countries, including Pakistan, inequalities in access to digital technologies remain, presenting an opportunity for interventions that both increase access to deprioritized sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) services and overcome the digital divide in delivering digital solutions to those in need of SRHR services. In June 2020, Ipas Pakistan partnered with Sehat Kahani (SK), a local health care NGO and telehealth service, and an existing network of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) to launch a novel hybrid telemedicine-community accompaniment pilot. The model linked women via LHWs with mobile devices to online providers for telemedicine consultations for SRH, including abortion services, contraception, and other gynecological consultations. In June 2020, we trained 98 LHWs and 22 telehealth doctors. Between June 2020 and March 2021, a total of 176 women were referred by LHWs for telehealth consultations. Among women who received abortion services, nearly all (90%) reported complete uterine evacuation. No serious adverse events were reported. Overall satisfaction was high; 81% reported being satisfied, and 86% said it is likely they would recommend the telehealth service to others. Data show that the provision of SRHR services via a telehealth-accompaniment model can be successfully implemented in Pakistan. Outcome data show high satisfaction and good clinical outcomes for women accessing care through this model. However, more data are needed to understand the full potential of this model. Barriers to digital health models, such as poor or inconsistent internet access, remain in places like Pakistan, especially in rural settings. This approach has its limitations but should be considered as an option in settings with similarly established community health networks and inequitable access to digital health.
A20 Establishes Negative Feedback With TRAF6/NF-κB and Attenuates Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Deng Hong-Ji , Deji QuZhen , Zhaba WangDui , Liu Jia-Qiang , Gao Sheng-Qing , Han Yan-Ling , Zhou Meng-Liang , Wang Chun-Xi
Published: July 2021

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB–ty -50mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). As an important negative feedback regulator of NF-κB, A20 is essential for inflammatory homeostasis. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that A20 attenuates EBI by establishing NF-κB–associated negative feedback after experimental SAH. In vivo and in vitro models of SAH were established. TPCA-1 and lentivirus were used for NF-κB inhibition and A20 silencing/overexpression, respectively. Cellular localization of A20 in the brain was determined via immunofluorescence. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were applied to observe the expression of members of the A20/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/NF-κB pathway and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α). Evans blue staining, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, brain water content, and modified Garcia score were performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of A20. A20 expression by astrocytes, microglia, and neurons was increased at 24 h after SAH. A20 and inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased while TRAF6 expression was elevated after NF-κB inhibition. TRAF6, NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokine levels were increased after A20 silencing but suppressed with A20 overexpression. Also, Bcl-2, Bax, MMP-9, ZO-1 protein levels; Evans blue, TUNEL, and Nissl staining; brain water content; and modified Garcia score showed that A20 exerted a neuroprotective effect after SAH. A20 expression was regulated by NF-κB. In turn, increased A20 expression inhibited TRAF6 and NF-κB to reduce the subsequent inflammatory response. Our data also suggest that negative feedback regulation mechanism of the A20/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway and the neuroprotective role of A20 to attenuate EBI after SAH.
Functional Characterization of Hexacorallia Phagocytic Cells
Authors: Snyder Grace A. , Eliachar Shir , Connelly Michael T. , Talice Shani , Hadad Uzi , Gershoni-Yahalom Orly , Browne William E. , Palmer Caroline V. , Rosental Benyamin , Traylor-Knowles Nikki
Published: July 2021

Phagocytosis is the cellular defense mechanism used to eliminate antigens derived from dysregulated or damaged cells, and microbial pathogens. Phagocytosis is therefore a pillar of innate immunity, whereby foreign particles are engulfed and degraded in lysolitic vesicles. In hexacorallians, phagocytic mechanisms are poorly understood, though putative anthozoan phagocytic cells (amoebocytes) have been identified histologically. We identify and characterize phagocytes from the coral Pocillopora damicornis and the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and microscopy, we show that distinct populations of phagocytic cells engulf bacteria, fungal antigens, and beads. In addition to pathogenic antigens, we show that phagocytic cells engulf self, damaged cells. We show that target antigens localize to low pH phagolysosomes, and that degradation is occurring within them. Inhibiting actin filament rearrangement interferes with efficient particle phagocytosis but does not affect small molecule pinocytosis. We also demonstrate that cellular markers for lysolitic vesicles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlate with hexacorallian phagocytes. These results establish a foundation for improving our understanding of hexacorallian immune cell biology.