bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poetic destroyers. Vico, Emerson and the aesthetic dimension of experiencing
Authors: Tateo Luca
Published: March 2017

The aesthetic dimension of meaning-making in human conduct has been often overlooked. In this article, “aesthetic” refers to an immediate form of experiencing in which affective, ethical and cognitive dimensions are experienced as a totality, rather than a more restrictive meaning of artistic experience. The philosopher Giambattista Vico (1670–1744) developed the concept of “poetic logic,” that is a specific mode of thought typical of early stages of civilization. Poetic logic is the first form of collective elaboration of experience, a way of creating universals concepts based on sensory, affective sense-making and religious thinking. Vico claims that poetic logic was the cornerstone for the elaboration of whole systems of collective knowledge (poetic economy, science, geography, history, law, etc.) crystallized in myths. Poetic logic, based on imaginative function is a proper epistemological stance that, though overcome by rationality at a later stage of civilization, still plays an important function in keeping alive the ethical dimensions of collective life against the “barbarism of reflection.” Two centuries later, Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882), one of the fathers of Pragmatism, developed an idea of poetic and imagination as forms of knowledge. Though echoing Vico’s ideas, he represents the aggressiveness of modernity. From the discussion of their ideas, I will try to sketch the psychological aspects of the aesthetic dimension of experience that can be found in a wide range of human activities, including actions of killing, overpowering and social injustice. I will try to argue that meaning-making is oriented through processes that affect such aesthetic dimension.
Children as agents of change in combatting antibiotic resistance
Authors: Molnar Andreea
Published: March 2017

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem and changes are needed in the way antibiotics are used. The value of engaging children as key contributors in health care campaigns to increase the appropriate use of antibiotics has not been fully recognized. Little is known about how to design educational materials for children in order to enable them to be agents of change in their communities. Science education needs to improve the way it engages children so as to give them the tools needed to make responsible decisions on antibiotic use.
The evolution of publication hotspots in the field of telemedicine from 1962 to 2015 and differences among six countries
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Zhao Ye , Zheng Jianzhong , Zhang Ailian , Dong Haiyuan
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Telemedicine has been implemented in many countries and has captured the attention of many researchers. Herein, we aim to quantify publication hotspots in the field of telemedicine, analyse their evolution, compare them in different countries, and provide visual representations.

Methods

We used software tools to process PubMed entries for a 54-year period and identified publication hotspots using keyword frequency analysis. We employed a keyword co-occurrence analysis, principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, and network visualization technology.

Results

The number of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms increased with time. The most common subcategories of telemedicine between 1962 and 2015 were Remote Consultation, Teleradiology, and Telepathology. The most popular information communication technologies in telemedicine publications were related to the Internet and cell phones. The topics of Patient Satisfaction, Treatment Outcomes, and Home Care Services associated with telemedicine were highlighted after the 1990s. Use frequency of the terms Cell Phones and Self-Care increased drastically in the past six years, and the publication focus in six countries that had the highest output was different. Knowledge network maps and perceptual maps show the relationship between high-frequency MeSH terms.

Discussion

The telemedicine field has experienced significant growth and expansion in knowledge and innovation in the last 54 years. Publication hotspots for telemedicine lean towards clinical treatment, home care services, and personal care, and countries emphasize publishing in areas related to their national characteristics. This study quantitatively discusses publication hotspots, provides an objective and systematic understanding of this field, and suggests directions for future telemedicine research.
Human-walking-induced wake flow – PIV experiments and CFD simulations
Authors: Luo Na , Weng Wenguo , Xu Xiaoyu , Fu Ming
Published: March 2017

Quantitative measurement of indoor air distribution or local air velocity around a moving occupant is necessary to study the contaminant transport and energy efficiency in a building. This study measured the longitudinal and cross-sectional air flow distributions at different moving speeds. Experiments were conducted in a small-scale chamber with a moving cylinder, which served as a surrogate of a scaled-down human body. The flow field was measured by the particle image velocimetry technique. The measurements revealed an upward air vortex and a strong downward airflow behind the moving body along the vertical centreline. A vertical mixing and recirculation could be predicted, and such air movements would likely carry the contaminants on and near the floor upwards along the moving path. Symmetric downward and expansive vortices were also observed in the wake flow during the movement, from the top corners of the moving object to the floor. The disturbance range of the moving body was related to the moving speed, especially in consideration of the initial position of the vortex. The experimental results were used to validate a computational fluid dynamic model, which captured these fundamental flow features reasonably well. The large eddy simulation model yielded a higher accuracy than the Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes model in predicting the unsteady instantaneous flow in the entire domain.
Affective dissonance, neoliberal postfeminism and the foreclosure of solidarity
Authors: Lakämper Judith
Published: March 2017

With the publication of Sheryl Sandberg’s book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, popular media debates about gender equality gained additional fuel. However, the popularisation of feminist discourses in digital media has not brought substantial political change. In this article, I demonstrate how famous working mothers like Sandberg and Tina Fey provide accounts of their difficulties with identifying as ‘women who have it all’, although they are often perceived in such terms. I propose the framework of affective dissonance to describe the discrepancy between their own sense of self and the public perception of them as ‘women who have it all’. I argue that both Sandberg and Fey fail to contribute to a renewed political feminism because they disavow their experience of affective dissonance, rather than actualising its political potential. These ‘women who have it all’ are entrenched in postfeminist neoliberal discourses of choice and agency, which locks them in frameworks of identity politics, foreclosing the possibility of an ethics of solidarity necessary for a feminist movement that might produce political transformation.
The Conversion of Money Lines Into Win Probabilities
Authors: Berkowitz Jason P. , Depken Craig A. , Gandar John M.
Published: March 2017

We contribute to the literature on money line betting markets by investigating the relationships between the various methods used to derive subjective win probabilities from money lines. We show that, although the seven methods described appear to be unique, they actually share many common assumptions and that, surprisingly, they reduce to three distinct estimates of bookmaker commission and subjective win probabilities. We also show that among the three distinct estimates, one is biased when money lines suggest a very heavy favorite in a particular sporting event. Thus, it is important to consider the assumptions for each method when deciding which to use in a particular context. Two empirical examples demonstrate how a market inefficiency, such as a favorite-longshot bias, should influence the choice of methodology.
Fine Particulate Matter and Total Mortality in Cancer Prevention Study Cohort Reanalysis
Authors: Enstrom James E.
Published: March 2017

Background:

In 1997 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), largely because of its positive relationship to total mortality in the 1982 American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study (CPS II) cohort. Subsequently, EPA has used this relationship as the primary justification for many costly regulations, most recently the Clean Power Plan. An independent analysis of the CPS II data was conducted in order to test the validity of this relationship.

Methods:

The original CPS II questionnaire data, including 1982 to 1988 mortality follow-up, were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results were obtained for 292 277 participants in 85 counties with 1979-1983 EPA Inhalable Particulate Network PM2.5 measurements, as well as for 212 370 participants in the 50 counties used in the original 1995 analysis.

Results:

The 1982 to 1988 relative risk (RR) of death from all causes and 95% confidence interval adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and smoking status was 1.023 (0.997-1.049) for a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 in 85 counties and 1.025 (0.990-1.061) in the 50 original counties. The fully adjusted RR was null in the western and eastern portions of the United States, including in areas with somewhat higher PM2.5 levels, particularly 5 Ohio Valley states and California.

Conclusion:

No significant relationship between PM2.5 and total mortality in the CPS II cohort was found when the best available PM2.5 data were used. The original 1995 analysis found a positive relationship by selective use of CPS II and PM2.5 data. This independent analysis of underlying data raises serious doubts about the CPS II epidemiologic evidence supporting the PM2.5 NAAQS. These findings provide strong justification for further independent analysis of the CPS II data.
Eliminating drift of the head gesture reference to enhance Google Glass-based control of an NAO humanoid robot
Authors: Mao Xiaoqian , Wen Xi , Song Yu , Li Wei , Chen Genshe
Published: March 2017

This article presents a strategy for hand-free control of an NAO humanoid robot via head gesture detected by Google Glass-based multi-sensor fusion. First, we introduce a Google Glass-based robot system by integrating the Google Glass and the NAO humanoid robot, which is able to send robot commands through Wi-Fi communications between the Google Glass and the robot. Second, we detect the operator’s head gestures by processing data from multiple sensors including accelerometers, geomagnetic sensors and gyroscopes. Next, we use a complementary filter to eliminate drift of the head gesture reference, which greatly improves the control performance. This is accomplished by the high-pass filter component on the control signal. Finally, we conduct obstacle avoidance experiments while navigating the robot to validate the effectiveness and reliability of this system. The experimental results show that the robot is smoothly navigated from its initial position to its destination with obstacle avoidance via the Google Glass. This hands-free control system can benefit those with paralysed limbs.
Disturbance observer-based control for nonlinear systems subject to mismatched disturbances with application to hypersonic flight vehicles
Authors: Li Yunling , Zeng Ming , An Hao , Wang Changhong
Published: March 2017

For a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems, a disturbance observer-based control is proposed to solve the tracking problem in the presence of mismatched disturbances. By designing a novel compensation gain matrix, the disturbances can be removed from the output channel completely as well as retaining the nominal performance. Compared with the state of the art, the gain matrix reduces to be constant; therefore, the complexity of the controller is simplified greatly. This method is applied to the control of hypersonic flight vehicles to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Social media as space for peace education: Conceptual contours and evidence from the Muslim world
Authors: Naseem M Ayaz , Arshad-Ayaz Adeela , Doyle Sophie
Published: March 2017

In this research, we present a conceptual framework to examine the potential of social media as an educational space for peace education. In particular, we examine the characteristics and dynamics of social media that set it apart from other traditional media and educational spaces. Specifically, we conceptualize features of social media such as: social media as ‘knowledge commons’; imagined communities of purpose; public and private voice; civic engagement; and the experts’ gaze. Finally, we provide empirical and discursive evidence from social media in the Muslim world with specific examples from the Pakistani blogosphere in support of the conceptual framework drawn earlier.
Factors associated with the achievement of mucosal healing in Crohn’s disease: the benefit of endoscopic monitoring in treating to target
Authors: Mao Ren , Qiu Yun , Chen Bai-Li , Zhang Sheng-Hong , Feng Rui , He Yao , Zeng Zhi- Rong , Ben-Horin Shomron , Chen Min-Hu
Published: March 2017

Background:

Mucosal healing (MH), the proposed treat to target in Crohn’s disease (CD), is associated with improved disease outcomes. There are still scant data on factors associated with achieving MH in clinical practice. We evaluated the probability of achieving MH and identified factors predictive of subsequent MH in patients with CD.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, observational cohort study. A total of 272 patients with CD with serial endoscopy assessment and subsequent therapeutic management were reviewed. The primary outcome was MH. The cumulative incidence of MH and endoscopic improvement was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors independently associated with MH were identified using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:

Of the 272 patients, 126 (46.32%) achieved MH after a median follow-up period of 33 months (interquartile range: 27–38 months). Factors independently associated with MH by multivariate analysis were time between endoscopic procedures within 26 weeks (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–3.39), adjustment of medical therapy when MH was not achieved (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.26–2.33), prior enteric fistula (HR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06–0.91), perianal disease at CD diagnosis (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35–0.95), and C-reactive protein normalization within 12 weeks (HR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.82–5.88). Similar factors have also been identified for endoscopic improvement.

Conclusions:

Performing serial endoscopic procedures at a 26-week interval and subsequent adjustment in medical treatment are helpful in achieving MH. Endoscopic monitoring plays an important role in the treating to target of CD.
Ultra-wideband based cooperative relative localization algorithm and experiments for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles in GPS denied environments
Authors: Guo Kexin , Qiu Zhirong , Meng Wei , Xie Lihua , Teo Rodney
Published: March 2017

This article puts forward an indirect cooperative relative localization method to estimate the position of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) relative to their neighbors based solely on distance and self-displacement measurements in GPS denied environments. Our method consists of two stages. Initially, assuming no knowledge about its own and neighbors’ states and limited by the environment or task constraints, each unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) solves an active 2D relative localization problem to obtain an estimate of its initial position relative to a static hovering quadcopter (a.k.a. beacon), which is subsequently refined by the extended Kalman filter to account for the noise in distance and displacement measurements. Starting with the refined initial relative localization guess, the second stage generalizes the extended Kalman filter strategy to the case where all unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) move simultaneously. In this stage, each unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carries out cooperative localization through the inter-unmanned aerial vehicle distance given by ultra-wideband and exchanging the self-displacements of neighboring unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Extensive simulations and flight experiments are presented to corroborate the effectiveness of our proposed relative localization initialization strategy and algorithm.
Update on the management of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Roberts Janet , Clifford Alison
Published: March 2017

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis that may be associated with significant complications such as blindness, stroke, or aortic aneurysm and dissection in a subset of patients. Given the serious side effects associated with prolonged courses of glucocorticoids and frequent relapses experienced when doses are tapered, increased efforts are being dedicated to the discovery of safer and more effective therapies to control this disease. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the role of glucocorticoid-sparing agents in the medical management of GCA with a special focus on the most recent evidence regarding the role of biologic agents, including tocilizumab (TCZ), abatacept and ustekinumab, and other novel therapies.
Caring about male caregiving
Authors: Gorman-Murray Andrew
Published: March 2017

This commentary responds to Boyer, Dermott, James and MacLeavy’s examination of the post-recession regendering of care in the UK. My response is informed by my geographical position in Australia. I first discuss what I see as the key contributions of the paper: the socio-spatial dynamics of male care giving, and the significance of economic structures, employment conditions and workplace gender norms for the potential regendering of care. I then offer two sets of suggestions for further thinking and research on the geography of male care giving: nuanced attention to the diverse spaces and subjectivities of male care giving.
Assembling ocean life
Authors: Bear Christopher
Published: March 2017

While welcoming the intervention of Winder and Le Heron (2006) as opening up a space for critical – and practical – engagement with ‘Blue Economy’ thinking, their employment of assemblage approaches could be extended. Doing so might produce a different conceptualization of the Blue Economy, while concurrently establishing new challenges for blue economic practices. In this commentary, I focus on three key areas: (1) the ontological separation of land and sea and the conceptualization of ‘marine space’; (2) the ‘liveliness’ of oceans; and (3) practical possibilities for Blue Economy policies to draw on and engage with ‘wet ontologies’. I argue that future geographical research on the Blue Economy would benefit from moving away from the categorizations of the ‘ecological’ or ‘bio’ and towards a fuller engagement with the diversity of actants and forces that contribute to the emergence of new practices, policies and (de)territorializations.
Assembling a Blue Economy moment? Geographic engagement with globalizing biological-economic relations in multi-use marine environments
Authors: Winder Gordon M , Le Heron Richard
Published: March 2017

In the 2010s, the ‘Blue Economy’ has been widely advocated by a spectrum of interests as a strategy to save the world’s oceans and water. This article explores what the Blue Economy moment is and how geographers can engage with it. It acknowledges recent efforts by geographers to understand Blue Economy but goes further by outlining the European Union’s Blue Economy programmes and by discussing these in relation to recent agenda setting in marine science. We argue that in spite of apparent convergence on this goal, the Blue Economy imaginary disciplines disparate knowledge for economic projects, when the planetary reality is that every economic project is axiomatically a biological project, with some economic aspects. In this context, the article outlines how assemblage thinking could be relevant to a human geography engagement with Blue Economy and what this could like, and how a relational conception of Blue Economy helps advance understanding. Finally, we discuss the difficulties and potential for human geographers to be genuinely enactive given the disciplinary framings that have already been assumed or imposed through Blue Economy. This last is highlighted by discussing engagement in a particular New Zealand Blue Economy initiative. Rather than either promoting or critiquing Blue Economy, we encourage informed and critical engagement with Blue Economy by geographers.
The Blue Economy as governmentality and the making of new spatial rationalities
Authors: Choi Young Rae
Published: March 2017

As an emergent and rapidly propagating concept through which the hydrological sphere of the earth is identified as a new economic possibility, the Blue Economy is traveling globally and is being localized differently. Adding to Winder and Le Heron’s interrogation of the Blue Economy as an investment-institutional project that creates new biological–economic knowledge and relations, I argue that the Blue Economy is necessarily a complex governmental project that opens up new governable spaces and rationalizes particular ways of governing. By demonstrating how China’s marine economy is being assembled and practiced in ways that not only open up new space for accumulation but also create new spatial rationalities that rearrange people and resources, I urge geographers to be attentive to the questions of space, rationality, and power in specific geographic contexts where the Blue Economy is being localized.
Does direct democracy increase communicative responsiveness? A field experiment with Swiss politicians
Authors: Lloren Anouk
Published: March 2017

Many argue that direct democracy improves the quality of democracy. In particular, many scholars claim that it increases the representation of the public’s preferences by fostering communicative responsiveness between politicians and citizens. While studies have come to mixed conclusions about the effect of direct democracy on policy outcomes, little is known about how direct democratic processes affect politicians’ responsiveness. Using a field experiment, this study examines whether direct democracy increases the responsiveness of Swiss state legislators to citizen-initiated contacts on policy concerns. Contrary to popular belief, our results show that direct democracy does not enhance politicians’ responsiveness to policy requests.
Imaging findings of solitary uterine granulocytic sarcoma
Authors: Yamane Aya , Sekine Tetsuro , Machida Tadashi , Omori Ikuko , Onda Munehiko , Kumita Shin-ichiro
Published: March 2017

A 29-year old woman with a history of vaginal bleeding was referred to our hospital. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a hypervascular cervical mass and malignancy was suspected. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT were performed. She was finally diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma based on pathological examination.
Neuraxial opioids as analgesia in labour, caesarean section and hysterectomy: A questionnaire survey in Sweden
Authors: Hein Anette , Gillis-Haegerstrand Caroline , Jakobsson Jan G.
Published: March 2017

Background: Neuraxial opioids improve labour analgesia and analgesia after caesarean section (CS) and hysterectomy. Undesirable side effects and difficulties in arranging postoperative monitoring might influence the use of these opioids. The aim of the present survey was to assess the use of intrathecal and epidural morphine in gynaecology and obstetrics in Sweden. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all anaesthetic obstetric units in Sweden concerning the use and postoperative monitoring of morphine, sufentanil and fentanyl in spinal/epidural anaesthesia. Results: A total of 32 of 47 (68%) units responded representing 83% of annual CS in Sweden. In CS spinal anaesthesia, 20/32 units use intrathecal morphine, the most common dose of which was 100 μg (17/21). Intrathecal fentanyl (10-20 μg) was used by 21 units and sufentanil (2.5 -10 μg) by 9/32 of the responding units. In CS epidural anaesthesia, epidural fentanyl (50-100 μg) or sufentanil (5-25 μg) were commonly used (25/32), and 12/32 clinics used epidural morphine, the majority of units used a 2 mg dose. Intrathecal morphine for hysterectomy was used by 20/30 units, with 200 μg as the most common dose (9/32). Postoperative monitoring was organized in adherence to the National Guidelines; the patient is monitored postoperative care or an obstetrical ward over 2-6 hours and up-to 12 hours in an ordinary surgical ward. Risk of respiratory depression/difficult to monitor was a reason for not using intrathecal opioids. Conclusions: Neuraxial morphine is used widely in Sweden in CS and hysterectomy, but is still restricted in some units because of the concern for respiratory depression and difficulties in monitoring.
Effects of environmental change on population nutrition and health: A comprehensive framework with a focus on fruits and vegetables
Authors: Tuomisto Hanna L. , Scheelbeek Pauline F.D. , Chalabi Zaid , Green Rosemary , Smith Richard D. , Haines Andy , Dangour Alan D.
Published: March 2017

Environmental changes are likely to affect agricultural production over the next 20–30 years. The interactions between environmental change, agricultural yields and crop quality, and the critical pathways to future diets and health outcomes remain largely undefined. There are currently no quantitative models to test the impact of multiple environmental changes on nutrition and health outcomes.

Using an interdisciplinary approach, we developed a framework to link the multiple interactions between environmental change, agricultural productivity and crop quality, population-level food availability, dietary intake and health outcomes, with a specific focus on fruits and vegetables. The main components of the framework consist of: i) socio-economic and societal factors, ii) environmental change stressors, iii) interventions and policies, iv) food system activities, v) food and nutrition security, and vi) health and well-being outcomes.

The framework, based on currently available evidence, provides an overview of the multidimensional and complex interactions between environmental change, diets and health, and forms the analytical baseline for future modelling and scenario testing. The framework identifies the inter-sectoral datasets and models that need to be defined and populated to assess the impacts of environmental change on agricultural production, food availability, nutrition and population health.
A real world evaluation of a treatment for infant colic based on the experience and perceptions of 4004 parents
Authors: Goldman Martin , Beaumont Tricia
Published: March 2017

Infant colic (IC) is a common condition in young babies seen by primary care health professionals, especially health visitors. Nevertheless, the diagnostic criteria for IC are vague, which has resulted in a lack of clarity in published guidance on its causes and treatment. Credence has been given to alternative therapies, while health professionals are sceptical about the efficacy of over-the-counter treatments. Some 4004 parents of babies considered to have IC participated in this retrospective real world evidence study on the efficacy of a simeticone suspension in the treatment of IC. They were recruited via social media sources and were eligible for inclusion if their baby had received at least one dose of the simeticone suspension. Data were collected via an online questionnaire. The results showed that crying and discomfort-associated behaviour reduced and the babies' sleeping patterns improved following use of the suspension. More than two-thirds (69.7%) of respondents, who either used the suspension on its own or alongside another treatment, reported improvements in the signs of IC within one day. Almost all (93.2%) considered that its use was associated with either complete resolution of IC or had some effect on symptoms.
Preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections from a central venous catheter
Authors: Yagi Kenichiro
Published: March 2017

Central venous catheters are useful for a variety of clinical situations being used in delivery of fluids and drugs, monitoring, and allowing for large volume of blood to be aspirated. Despite their usefulness, placement of venous access catheters is accompanied by the potential of causing catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Attention to preparation of the catheter insertion site, selection of appropriate catheter material, proper hand hygiene, and optimal dressing material and methods play a large role in reduction of CRBSI. A central venous catheter maintenance protocol outlining dressing evaluation and changes, cleaning of the insertion site, and conditions for catheter removal will further improve the chances of an infection-free patient. Veterinary nurses play a vital role in the placement and maintenance of central venous catheters and influence a positive patient outcome.
Extruded talus treated with reimplantation and primary tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis
Authors: Mohammad HR , A’Court J , Pillai A
Published: March 2017

Extruded talus is a rare serious result from a high-energy injury to a supinated and plantar flexed foot. Treatment remains controversial with a lack of congruent evidence for talar reimplantation. A 34-year-old woman was involved in a road traffic accident at 40 mph. Imaging revealed a left talus extruded anterolaterally with a talar neck fracture. Additional injuries included right acetabular fracture, transverse process fractures and rib fractures, which were treated conservatively. The talus was reimplanted and the talar neck fixed with a cortical screw. A hindfoot nail was used to fuse the calcaneus, talus and tibia. Follow-up at two years showed solid tibiotalocalcaneal fusion, with no evidence of avascular development, and the patient was fully weight bearing without pain. We believe this is the first published case of successful primary tibiotalocalcaneal fusion for extruded talus injuries.
Análise temporal (2002-2014) da expansão da espécie de samambaia dicranopteris flexuosa no Vale do Pati (Brasil) utilizando técnicas de classificação de imagens de satélite
Authors: Leite Cândida Caroline Souza de Santana , Santos Sarah Moura Batista dos , Franca Washington De Jesus Sant’anna da , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Nogueira
Published: March 2017

Afim de analisar as áreas ocupadas pela espécie de samambaia invasora Dicranopteris flexuosa no período entre 2002 e 2014, no Vale do Pati (Bahia-Brasil), foram utilizadas técnicas de classificação de imagens de satélite multiespectrais a partir dos algoritmos de classificação supervisionada Redes Neurais e Máxima Verossimilhança. Os resultados apontam que a espécie tende a se expandir rapidamente, impedindo a regeneração da flora nativa. O algoritmo que apresentou maior confiabilidade para tal foi o Redes Neurais. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_24_10
The Justice of Improving Security and Confronting Poverty: The Role of Transnational NGOs and Communities in Somalia
Authors: Farah A. Osman
Published: March 2017

Following decades of postcolonial dictatorships and authoritarianism, many African countries have experienced expanded efforts by transnational organizations1-from both top down and bottom up-aimed at alleviating poverty and improving security. This article provides a partial inventory of such efforts in Somalia following the collapse of the state in 1991, and suggests the need for better coordination between state and non-state transnational initiatives. Methodologically, the article combines discussion of the underlying causes of poverty and insecurity in Somalia with the presentation of empirical cases based on data collected among the Somali diaspora and in Somalia (Mogadishu, Hargeisa, and Borama) in 2010–15.
How Society Shapes Language: Personal Pronouns in the Greater Burma Zone
Authors: Müller André , Weymuth Rachel
Published: March 2017

In the “Greater Burma Zone”, an area that includes Myanmar and adjacent regions of the neighboring countries, there are two different systems of personal pronouns that occur predominantly: a grammatical one and one that we call “hierarchical system”. The aim of this paper is to explain the two systems and their development. A sample of 42 languages shows that smaller language communities have grammatical systems and the most dominant languages today have hierarchical ones. Besides these two groups, there are also some languages with a “mixed system”, which means the grammatical system is retained and only a few honorific terms are added as pronouns. An important question will therefore be why the systems are distributed just in this way. Several factors seem to play a role, among them sociocultural structures, historical developments and language contact.
Condensing Life Substances within the House: The Rice-Boiling Shuhi of Southwest China
Authors: Hsu Elisabeth , Huber Franz K. , Weckerle Caroline S.
Published: March 2017

The Shuhi of Muli County, Sichuan Province, are one of multiple ethnic groups inhabiting the river gorges of the Qinghai-Gansu-Sichuan corridor between the Tibetan plateau and the Chinese lowlands. The Shuhi have grown paddy rice since times immemorial at an unusually high altitude (ca. 2,300 m above sea level). This article aims to explain this conundrum not merely through the ecology (as is common among Tibetan area specialists), but by researching the cultivation and consumption of rice as a historically-evolved cultural practice. According to a recently formulated agro-archaeological hypothesis regarding the macro-region of Eurasia, it is possible to identify two supra-regional culture complexes distinguished by their respective culinary technologies: rice-boiling versus wheat-grinding-and-baking. The hypothesis posits that the fault line between the two supra-regional cultural complexes is precisely along this river gorges corridor. In this article we provide support for this hypothesis arguing that Shuhi ritual and kinship practices have much affinity with those of other rice-boiling peoples in Southeast Asia, whereas certain of their current religious practices are shared with the wheat-grinding Tibetans.
Disks Controlling Chaos in a 3D Dynamical Model for Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Zotos Euaggelos E.
Published: March 2017

A 3D dynamical model with a quasi-homogeneous core and a disk component is used for the chaos control in the central parts of elliptical galaxy. Numerical experiments in the 2D system show a very complicated phase plane with a large chaotic sea, considerable sticky layers and a large number of islands, produced by secondary resonances. When the mass of the disk increases, the chaotic regions decrease gradually, and, finally, a new phase plane with only regular orbits appears. This evolution indicates that disks in elliptical galaxies can act as the chaos controllers. Starting from the results obtained in the 2D system, we locate the regions in the phase space of the 3D system, producing regular and chaotic orbits. For this we introduce and use a new dynamical parameter, the S(w) spectrum, which proves to be useful as a fast indicator and allows us to distinguish the regular motion from chaos in the 3D potentials. Other methods for detecting chaos are also discussed.
Determination of Homogenized Effective Temperatures from Stellar Catalogs
Authors: Malyuto V. , Shvelidze T.
Published: March 2017

Some selected catalogs of the effective temperatures (T
Scorpio On the 6m Telescope: Current State and Perspectives for Spectroscopy of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects
Authors: Afanasiev V. L. , Moiseev A. V.
Published: March 2017

A significant part of observations at the Russian 6 m telescope is carried out using the SCORPIO multi-mode focal reducer. During the past ten years, a lot of scientific data have been collected using observations in the direct imaging, slit spectroscopy and Fabry-Pérot interferometry modes. Some results of these observations are considered in this review. We also present a short description of a new generation instrument named SCORPIO-2.
Off-Axis Variability of AGNs: A New Paradigm for Broad Lines and Continuum Emitting Regions
Authors: Gaskell C. Martin
Published: March 2017

The general picture of how thermal AGNs work has become clearer in recent years but major observational puzzles threaten to undermine this picture. These puzzles include AGNs with extremely asymmetric emission line profiles, inconsistent multi-wavelength variability, rapid apparent changes in the sizes of emitting regions and in the direction of gas flow, a curious insensitivity of gas in some narrow velocity ranges to changes in the ionizing continuum, and differing dependences of polarization on gas velocity. It is proposed that all these puzzles can readily be explained by off-axis variability.
A Complex Stellar Line-of-Sight Velocity Distribution in the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 524
Authors: Katkov I. , Chilingarian I. , Sil’chenko O. , Zasov A. , Afanasiev V.
Published: March 2017

We present a detailed study of the stellar and gaseous kinematics in the luminous early-type galaxy NGC 524, derived from the long-slit spectroscopic observations obtained with the Russian 6 m telescope and the IFU data from the SAURON survey. The stellar line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD) of NGC 524 exhibits strong asymmetry. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the LOSVD using two complementary approaches by the nbursts full spectral fitting technique: (a) a non-parametric LOSVD recovery and (b) a parametric recovery of two Gaussian kinematical components having different stellar populations. We discuss the origin of the complex stellar LOSVD of NGC 524.
Utterance Construction Grammar (UCxG) and the variable multimodality of constructions
Authors: Cienki Alan
Published: March 2017

Some proponents of the theory of Construction Grammar have been investigating how it might address the nature of spoken language usage as multimodal. Problems confronted in this endeavour include the variability with which gesture is used with speech in terms of its (in)frequency and its (non) obligatoriness: for some expressions a certain kind of gesture is basically obligatory, but for most others it is a variably optional component depending on contextual factors. This article proposes “utterance” as a level of description above that of speech and gesture for characterizing audio-visual communicative constructions. It picks up on earlier proposals to consider constructions as prototype categories with more central and more peripheral features. The language community’s knowledge of a given utterance construction and that of any language user are discussed as “deep structures” (in a non-Chomskian sense) that provide a set of options (some more central and others more peripheral) for expression, whereby any “surface structure” is a metonymic precipitation in context of the construction’s features. An important attentional mechanism proposed that guides production and comprehension (“uptake”) of utterance constructions is the dynamic scope of relevant behaviors. Taken together, this approach may help bring Construction Grammar closer to being a truly usage-based theory.
Increase in thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels, but not preterm birth-rate, in pregnant Danish women upon iodine fortification
Authors: Bliddal Sofie , Boas Malene , Hilsted Linda , Friis-Hansen Lennart , Juul Anders , Larsen Torben , Tabor Ann , Faber Jens , Precht Dorthe Hansen , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla
Published: March 2017

Objective

The presence of thyroid antibodies in pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth. In the non-pregnant population, the implementation of the Danish iodine fortification program has increased the prevalence of thyroid antibodies. This study investigated the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) in pregnant Danish women before, during and after implementation of the iodine fortification program and association with preterm birth.

Design

Comparative cohort study of 1368 pregnancies from three cohorts gathered before (1996–1998), during (2000–2003) and after (2008–2009) the iodine fortification program.

Methods

In cohort 1 (n = 297), TPOAbs were measured (DYNOtest (BRAHMS)). In cohorts 2 (n = 148) and 3 (n = 923), both TPOAbs and TgAbs were measured (Kryptor immunofluorescent assay (BRAHMS)). The prevalence and effect of antibody positivity were explored using three cut-offs: TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >100 kU/L, TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >60 kU/L and TPOAbs >30 and/or TgAbs >20 kU/L. National preterm birth data were extracted from the National Birth Registry.

Results

In the three cohorts, TPOAb levels >60 kU/L were found in 5.4, 8.1 and 12.0% (χ
2(2, n = 1367) = 11.7, P = 0.003) respectively, and TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >60 kU/L in 8.1 and 16.2% in cohorts 2 and 3 respectively (χ
2(2, n = 1070) = 6.5, P = 0.01). TgAb levels (>20 kU/L) had increased plenty-fold from cohort 2 to 3 (χ
2(1, n = 1071) = 136.5, P < 0.001). Preterm birth occurred in 4.1% of all pregnancies with no effect from antibody positivity (TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >60 kU/L, χ2(1, n = 1039) = 0.0, P = 0.98, aOR = 1.1, 95% CI (0.4–2.7)). The national preterm birth-rate showed no increase over the same period.

Conclusions

Thyroid antibody positivity in Danish pregnant women has more than doubled upon the implementation of the iodine fortification program without an increase in preterm birth-rate.
Conversando com a comida: MasterChef e o solilóquio como acesso privilegiado à autenticidade
Authors: Marquioni Carlos Eduardo , Andacht Fernando
Published: March 2017

O artigo propõe uma análise e uma contextualização histórica dos componentes da franquia televisual de competição gastronômica MasterChef enquanto um híbrido entre reality show e talent show. Complementarmente à revelação da competência culinária dos participantes (talent), o público tem acesso ao que consideraria como as emoções autênticas dos aspirantes a chef (reality), à sua intimidade, através do uso recorrente, na economia narrativa do programa, de uma forma de fala pouco natural no cotidiano: o solilóquio. Realizando uma recuperação histórica dessa classe de monólogo na literatura e no teatro, é apresentada uma tentativa de compreensão de como se dá o fenômeno que os autores defendem como o efeito de autenticidade em MasterChef. São analisadas cinco variantes de solilóquio na franquia, a partir de episódios das edições brasileira, argentina e estadunidense do programa.
O pensamento sem dissimulação
Authors: Machado da Silva Juremir
Published: March 2017

Este artigo inventaria a trajetória de Jean Baudrillard, pensador francês que faleceu em 2007 deixando uma obra provocativa, contundente e original na fronteira entre filosofia, sociologia, a antropologia e comunicação.
Marechal Rondon e a Trajetória de um Militar Sertanista na Primeira República Brasileira: Investigação sobre a Intervenção do Estado e o Processo Civilizador da População Indígena
Authors: Rodrigues Fernando Da Silva
Published: March 2017

Esta investigação sobre a intervenção do Estado na sociedade brasileira na Primeira República foi delineada pela construção do território, pela delimitação das fronteiras terrestres e pela construção da nacionalidade. Será neste contexto que o Marechal Rondon, engenheiro e militar apoiou o projeto de Estado relacionado com a missão civilizadora dos grupos indígenas no sertão centro-oeste e norte do Brasil, base para integração do litoral ao interior, feito inicialmente através da construção das linhas telegráficas e definido com as demarcações das fronteiras.
La Banda Militar de Alajuela y su papel como difusora de música nacional. Análisis de las bitácoras de trabajo 1938-1946. Introducción y resultados preliminares
Authors: Araya Quesada Mauricio
Published: March 2017

Las bandas de instrumentos de viento y percusión del gobierno de Costa Rica han sido protagonistas del desarrollo musical del país. Varios investigadores han tenido que incursionar en la historia de estos grupos debido a las investigaciones realizadas sobre música y músicos costarricenses. Algunas fuentes primarias no utilizadas por estos estudiosos son: los libros de control de los programas ejecutados, los libros de castigos y los libros de inventarios y movimientos de personal, elaborados por los directores y músicos mayores de las bandas. Los documentos mencionados pertenecientes a la Banda Militar de Alajuela contienen información oficial, que sumada a la aportada por diversos historiadores, permite conocer de una manera más amplia y a la vez detallada, aspectos históricos como: las sucesiones administrativas de la banda, compositores y obras programadas, las inclinaciones compositivas de la época con respecto a géneros y estilos, la frecuencia con la que se tocaban las obras y así, la importancia de la banda militar como difusora de la música nacional.
Railway usage charges based on marginal maintenance costs
Authors: Sternad Marjan , Jagrič Timotej , Rosi Bojan
Published: March 2017

The study reported here focused on finding a charging model for using regional railway lines. Due to geographical and technological characteristics, such lines are neglected and unused yet have great potential, especially for freight transport. The goal of the research was to calculate marginal maintenance costs of regional rail lines using an econometric cost function model. The econometric model was estimated using the least-squares method. The charges were calculated based on marginal costs and gross tonne kilometres (grt.km) and a comparison was made with the existing model for calculating charges. The grt.km calculation resulted in a charge lower than that calculated using the existing model, resulting in positive economic effects for carriers. The results of the proposed model are also in line with European transport policy objectives that strive to increase rail freight transport and redirect the flow of goods from road to rail, thus significantly lowering external costs.
Genomic Disorders and Neurocognitive Impairment in Pediatric CKD
Authors: Verbitsky Miguel , Kogon Amy J. , Matheson Matthew , Hooper Stephen R. , Wong Craig S. , Warady Bradley A. , Furth Susan L. , Gharavi Ali G.
Published: March 2017

Children with CKD are at increased risk for neurocognitive impairment, but whether neurocognitive dysfunction is solely attributable to impaired renal function is unclear. Data from the CKD in Children Study Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study indicate that a subset of children with CKD have unsuspected genomic disorders that predispose them to organ malformations and neurocognitive impairment. We therefore tested whether the CKiD Study participants with genomic disorders had impaired neurocognitive performance at enrollment. Compared with noncarriers (n=389), children with genomic disorders (n=31) scored significantly poorer on all measures of intelligence, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and executive function (differences of 0.6–0.7 SD; P=1.2×10−3–2.4×10−4). These differences persisted after controlling for known modifiers, including low birth weight, maternal education, seizure disorder, kidney disease duration, and genetically defined ancestry. The deleterious effect of genomic disorders on neurocognitive function was significantly attenuated in offspring of mothers with higher education, indicating the potential for modification by genetic and/or environmental factors. These data indicate that impaired neurocognitive function in some children with CKD may be attributable to genetic lesions that affect both kidney and neurocognitive development. Early identification of genomic disorders may provide opportunity for early diagnosis and personalized interventions to mitigate the effect on neurocognitive function.