bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell based on ionic liquid–doped blend polymer electrolyte
Authors: Devadiga Dheeraj , Selvakumar M. , Shetty Prakasha , Mahesha M. G. , Devadiga Deepak , Ahipa T. N. , Kumar S. Senthil
Published: March 2021

The existing energy situation demands not only the huge energy in a short time but also clean energy. In this regard, an integrated photo-supercapacitor device has been fabricated in which photoelectric conversion and energy storage are achieved simultaneously. A novel carbazole-based dye is synthesized and characterized for photosensitizer. The silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) is synthesized, and it is used as photoanode material. Different concentrations of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI)-doped polyvinyl alcohol–polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA-PVP) blend polymer electrolytes are prepared, and their conductivity and dielectric properties were studied. Reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) is synthesized by a one-pot synthesis method and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy for counter electrode material in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and supercapacitor electrodes. The DSSC having 4% Ag-TiO2–based photoanode showed the highest efficiency of 1.06% (among r-GO counter electrodes) and 2.37% (among platinum counter electrodes). The supercapacitor before integration and after integration exhibits specific capacitance of 1.72 Fg−1 and 1.327 Fg−1, respectively.
Into a Fluoroless Future: an Appraisal of Fluoroscopy-Free Techniques in Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology
Authors: Purtell Christopher S. , Kipp Ryan T. , Eckhardt Lee L.
Published: March 2021

Purpose of Review

There are risks to both patients and electrophysiology providers from radiation exposure from fluoroscopic imaging, and there is increased interest in fluoroscopic reduction. We review the imaging tools, their applications, and current uses to eliminate fluoroscopy.

Recent Findings

Multiple recent studies provide supporting evidence for the transition to fluoroscopy-free techniques for both ablations and device implantation. The most frequently used alternative imaging approaches include intracardiac echocardiography, cardiac MRI guidance, and 3D electroanatomic mapping systems. Electroanatomic mapping and intracardiac echocardiography originally used to augment fluoroscopy imaging are now replacing the older imaging technique. The data supports that the future of electrophysiology can be fluoroscopy-free or very low fluoroscopy for the vast majority of cases.

As provider and institution experience grows with these techniques, many EP labs may choose to completely forego the use of fluoroscopy. Trainees will benefit from early experience with these techniques.
KRIT1 Gene in Patients with Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Clinical Features and Molecular Characterization of Novel Variants
Authors: Ricci Claudia , Cerase Alfonso , Riolo Giulia , Manasse Giuditta , Battistini Stefania
Published: March 2021

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations that may result in headaches, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and hemorrhage. CCMs occur sporadically (80%) or in familial form (20%), with autosomal dominant inheritance. Among the three CCM-related genes, mutations in KRIT1 account for 53–65% of familial cases and more than 100 different mutations have been identified so far. In the present work, we describe the clinical, neuroradiological, and genetic findings of sixteen CCM Italian patients, 13 belonging to 4 unrelated families and 3 sporadic cases. Six distinct KRIT1 gene variants, two novel (c.1730+1_1730+3del, c.1664 C>T) and four previously described (c.966G>A, c.1255-1G>A c.1197_1200del, c.1255-1_1256del), were identified, including a possible de novo mutation. All the variants resulted in a premature stop codon. Cerebral 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple CCMs in all the mutation carriers for whom it was available, including sporadic cases. One patient had also cutaneous angiomas. Among the mutation carriers, symptomatic patients constituted 66% and a variable phenotypic expression was observed. Our data confirms phenotypic variability and incomplete penetrance of neurological symptoms in KRIT1-positive families, expands the mutational spectrum of this gene, and highlights how sporadic cases with multiple lesions need an approach similar to individuals with familial CCM.
Forecasting emergency medicine reserve demand with a novel decomposition-ensemble methodology
Authors: Jiang-ning Li , Xian-liang Shi , An-qiang Huang , Ze-fang He , Yu-xuan Kang , Dong Li
Published: March 2021

Accurate prediction is a fundamental and leading work of the emergency medicine reserve management. Given that the emergency medicine reserve demand is affected by various factors during the public health events and thus the observed data are composed of different but hard-to-distinguish components, the traditional demand forecasting method is not competent for this case. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes the EMD-ELMAN-ARIMA (ELA) model which first utilizes Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to decompose the original series into various components. The Elman neural network and ARIMA models are employed to forecast the identified components and the final forecast values are generated by integrating the individual component predictions. For the purpose of validation, an empirical study is carried out based on the influenza data of Beijing from 2014 to 2018. The results clearly show the superiority of the proposed ELA algorithm over its two rivals including the ARIMA and ELMAN models.
Influence of direct electric field on PMCG-alginate-based microcapsule
Authors: Kasak Peter , Sasová Jana , Shoheeduzzaman Ruqaia , Baig Mirza T. , Alyafei Aldana Ali H. A. , Tkac Jan
Published: March 2021

In this study, the influence of direct electric current on a microcapsule was investigated. The microcapsule consisted of a core from a calcium ion and sodium alginate (SA) complex and the microcapsule membrane was formed by the polyionic complexation of poly(methylene-co-guanidine) (PMCG) and cellulose sulfate (CS). Microcapsules showed swelling and decreasing mechanical properties under the applied electric current, and the microcapsule membrane showed anisotropic swelling on the electrode side. The effect is attributed to an electrokinetic phenomenon, predominant formation of hydroxyl ions, and the diffusion of hydrated ions. The swelling degree of the microcapsule and microcapsule membrane at different pH and the applied electric current under alkali and acidic conditions was investigated. The swelling degree was influenced by the dissociation of the membrane, which was observed after applying the electric field, which was caused by the electrokinetic effect and the neutralization of the polycation (under alkali conditions) or polyanionic (under acidic conditions) segment during membrane formation.
Paralleling insulated-gate bipolar transistors in the H-bridge structure to reduce current stress
Authors: Memarian Sorkhabi Majid , Wendt Karen , Rogers Daniel , Denison Timothy
Published: March 2021

In this study we present the new power electronic circuit implementation to create the arbitrary near-rectangular electromagnetic pulse. To this end, we develop a parallel- Insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT)-based magnetic pulse generator utilizing the H-bridge architecture. This approach effectively reduces the current stress on the power switches while maintaining a simple structure using a single DC source and energy storage capacitor. Experimental results from the circuit characterization show that the proposed circuit is capable of repeatedly generating near-rectangular magnetic pulses and enables the generation of configurable and stable magnetic pulses without causing excessive device stresses. The introduced device enables the production of near-rectangular pulse trains for modulated magnetic stimuli. The maximum positive pulse width in the proposed neurostimulator is up to 600 µs, which is adjustable by the operator at the step resolution of 10 µs. The maximum transferred energy to the treatment coil was measured to be 100.4 J. The proposed transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) device enables more flexible magnetic stimulus shaping by H-bridge architecture and parallel IGBTs, which can effectively mitigate the current stress on power switches for repetitive treatment protocols.
Pareto-improving transition to fully funded pensions under myopia
Authors: Andersen Torben M. , Bhattacharya Joydeep , Gestsson Marias H.
Published: March 2021

Under dynamic efficiency, a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension scheme helps the current generation of retirees but hurts future generations because they are forced to saveviaa return-dominated scheme. Abandoning it is deemed welfare-improving but typically not for all generations. But what if agents are present-biased (hence, undersave for retirement) and the “paternalistically motivated forced savings” component of a PAYG scheme motivated its existence in the first place? This paper shows it is possible to transition from such a PAYG scheme on to a higher return, mandated fully-funded scheme; yet, no generation is hurt in the process. The results inform the debate on policy design of pension systems as more and more policy makers push for the transition to take place but are forced to recognize that current retirees may get hurt along the way.
Overconvergent modular forms are highest-weight vectors in the Hodge-Tate weight zero part of completed cohomology
Authors: Howe Sean
Published: March 2021

We construct a$(\mathfrak {gl}_2, B(\mathbb {Q}_p))$and Hecke-equivariant cup product pairing between overconvergent modular forms and the local cohomology at$0$of a sheaf on$\mathbb {P}^1$, landing in the compactly supported completed$\mathbb {C}_p$-cohomology of the modular curve. The local cohomology group is a highest-weight Verma module, and the cup product is non-trivial on a highest-weight vector for any overconvergent modular form of infinitesimal weight not equal to$1$. For classical weight$k\geq 2$, the Verma has an algebraic quotient$H^1(\mathbb {P}^1, \mathcal {O}(-k))$, and on classical forms, the pairing factors through this quotient, giving a geometric description of ‘half’ of the locally algebraic vectors in completed cohomology; the other half is described by a pairing with the roles of$H^1$and$H^0$reversed between the modular curve and$\mathbb {P}^1$. Under minor assumptions, we deduce a conjecture of Gouvea on the Hodge-Tate-Sen weights of Galois representations attached to overconvergent modular forms. Our main results are essentially a strict subset of those obtained independently by Lue Pan, but the perspective here is different, and the proofs are short and use simple tools: a Mayer-Vietoris cover, a cup product, and a boundary map in group cohomology.
Conserving the Critically Endangered tree Vatica cauliflora: population and conservation status assessment
Authors: Robiansyah Iyan , Primananda Enggal , Rinandio Dipta Sumeru , Linsky Jean
Published: March 2021

Vatica cauliflora P.S. Ashton (Dipterocarpaceae) is a threatened tree species endemic to Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The species is only known from the type specimen collected in 1953. After this first collection, there was no record confirming the presence of this tree in its natural habitat. Our recent surveys in 2019 and 2020 located 179 individuals of the species in six unprotected locations. The population's size structure is dominated (62.6%) by young individuals within the 0–5 cm diameter class. Our surveys also showed that the habitat of V. cauliflora is degraded as a result of the negative effects of agriculture and logging. Assessment with the IUCN Red List criteria indicates that V. cauliflora should be categorized as Critically Endangered.
N-terminal pro-B-type-natriuretic peptide as a screening tool for pulmonary hypertension in the paediatric population
Authors: Dasgupta Soham , Bettermann Erika , Kelleman Michael , Kanaan Usama , Sachdeva Ritu , Petit Christopher , Kim Dennis , Vincent Robert , Bauser-Heaton Holly
Published: March 2021

Background:

Although cardiac catheterisation (cath) is the diagnostic test for pulmonary hypertension, it is an invasive procedure. Echocardiography (echo) is commonly used for the non-invasive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension but maybe limited by lack of adequate signals. Therefore, emphasis has been placed on biomarkers as a potential diagnostic tool. No prior paediatric studies have simultaneously compared N-terminal pro-B-type-natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) with cath/echo as a potential diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to determine if NTproBNP was a reliable diagnostic tool for pulmonary hypertension in this population.

Methods:

Patients were divided into Study (echo evidence/established diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension undergoing cath) and Control (cath for small atrial septal defect/patent ductus arteriosus and endomyocardial biopsy post cardiac transplant) groups. NTproBNP, cath/echo data were obtained.

Results:

Thirty-one patients met inclusion criteria (10 Study, 21 Control). Median NTproBNP was significantly higher in the Study group. Echo parameters including transannular plane systolic excursion z scores, pulmonary artery acceleration time and right ventricular fractional area change were lower in the Study group and correlated negatively with NTproBNP. Receiver operation characteristic curve analysis demonstrated NTproBNP > 389 pg/ml was 87% specific for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension with the addition of pulmonary artery acceleration time improving the specificity.

Conclusions:

NTproBNP may be a valuable adjunctive diagnostic tool for pulmonary hypertension in the paediatric population. Echo measures of transannular plane systolic excursion z score, pulmonary artery acceleration time and right ventricular fractional area change had negative correlations with NTproBNP. The utility of NTproBNP as a screening tool for pulmonary hypertension requires validation in a population with unknown pulmonary hypertension status.
Food insecurity, food skills, health literacy and food preparation activities among young Canadian adults: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Pepetone Alexandra , Vanderlee Lana , White Christine M , Hammond David , Kirkpatrick Sharon I
Published: March 2021

Objective:

To assess associations between household food security status and indicators of food skills, health literacy and home meal preparation, among young Canadian adults.

Design:

Cross-sectional data were analysed using logistic regression and general linear models to assess associations between food security status and food skills, health literacy and the proportion of meals prepared at home, by gender.

Setting:

Participants recruited from five Canadian cities (Vancouver (BC), Edmonton (AB), Toronto (ON), Montreal (QB) and Halifax (NS)) completed an online survey.

Participants:

1389 men and 1340 women aged 16–30 years.

Results:

Self-reported food skills were not associated with food security status (P > 0·05) among men or women. Compared to those with high health literacy (based on interpretation of a nutrition label), higher odds of food insecurity were observed among men (adjusted OR (AOR): 2·58, 95 % CI 1·74, 3·82 and 1·56, 95 % CI 1·07, 2·28) and women (AOR: 2·34, 95 % CI 1·48, 3·70 and 1·92, 95 % CI 1·34, 2·74) with lower health literacy. Women in food-insecure households reported preparing a lower proportion of breakfasts (β = −0·051, 95 % CI −0·085, −0·017), lunches (β = −0·062, 95 % CI −0·098, −0·026) and total meals at home (β = −0·041, 95 % CI −0·065, −0·016). Men and women identifying as Black or Indigenous, reporting financial difficulty and with lower levels of education had heightened odds of experiencing food insecurity.

Conclusions:

Findings are consistent with other studies underscoring the financial precarity, rather than lack of food skills, associated with food insecurity. This precarity may reduce opportunities to apply health literacy and undertake meal preparation.
Games prisoners do not play: against the Hobbes-Zimbardo approach of unmitigated prison violence
Authors: Kaminski Marek M.
Published: March 2021

I analyze institutions of prison subculture that mitigate potential violent confrontations among inmates, in contrast to Hobbesian-Zimbardo default spontaneous violence. The games that are relatively rarely played in prison are Chicken and other violent confrontation games. Incoming rookie inmates are subject to initiation tests that allocate them into different subcultural groups, which signals their toughness and disincentivizes fighting. Most experienced inmates develop the eristic skills utilizing prison argot, use informal conflict adjudicators, and fake aggression toward rookies. All inmates form defensive coalitions. Finally, when inmates commit self-injuries, they follow well-rehearsed protocols to minimize the damage to their bodies and to maximize the impression made on the authorities. The secret knowledge of the associated rules, tricks, and cons is passed down over generations of prisoners through informal schooling. The material for this study comes from two Polish prisons, where the author spent 5 months as a political prisoner in 1985.
The Surprising Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: March 2021

Changing the way emissions are tallied may help litigators focus on the worst climate offenders and shape mitigation.
Mammillary body injury in neonatal encephalopathy: a multicentre, retrospective study
Authors: Lequin Maarten. H. , Steggerda Sylke. J. , Severino Mariasavina , Tortora Domenico , Parodi Alessandro , Ramenghi Luca A. , Groenendaal Floris , Meys Karlijn M. E. , Benders Manon J. N. L. , de Vries Linda S. , Vann Seralynne D.
Published: March 2021

Background

The mammillary bodies (MBs) have repeatedly been shown to be critical for memory, yet little is known about their involvement in numerous neurological conditions linked to memory impairments, including neonatal encephalopathy.

Methods

We implemented a multicentre retrospective study, assessing magnetic resonance scans of 219 infants with neonatal encephalopathy who had undergone hypothermia treatment in neonatal intensive care units located in the Netherlands and Italy.

Results

Abnormal MB signal was observed in ~40% of infants scanned; in half of these cases, the brain appeared otherwise normal. MB involvement was not related to the severity of encephalopathy or the pattern/severity of hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury. Follow-up scans were available for 18 cases with abnormal MB signal; in eight of these cases, the MBs appeared severely atrophic.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of assessing the status of the MBs in neonatal encephalopathy; this may require changes to scanning protocols to ensure that the slices are sufficiently thin to capture the MBs. Furthermore, long-term follow-up of infants with abnormal MB signal is needed to determine the effects on cognition, which may enable the use of early intervention strategies. Further research is needed to assess the role of therapeutic hypothermia in MB involvement in neonatal encephalopathy.

Impact

The MBs are particularly sensitive to hypoxia in neonates.

Current hypothermia treatment provides incomplete protection against MB injury.

MB involvement is likely overlooked as it can often occur when the rest of the brain appears normal.

Given the importance of the MBs for memory, it is necessary that this region is properly assessed in neonatal encephalopathy. This may require improvements in scanning protocols.
Downregulation of XBP1 protects kidney against ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing HRD1-mediated NRF2 ubiquitylation
Authors: Zhang Ji , Zhang Jiasi , Ni Haiqiang , Wang Yanfeng , Katwal Gaurav , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Kailun , Wang Mengqin , Li Qingwen , Chen Gen , Miao Yun , Gong Nianqiao
Published: March 2021

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the renal epithelia is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondria dysfunction, which lead to oxidative stress-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), an ERS response protein, could play a prominent role in IR-induced AKI. In this study, we revealed that XBP1 and its downstream target HRD1 participated in the crosstalk between ERS and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulation of NRF2/HO-1-mediated reactive oxidative stress (ROS) signaling. Mice with reduced expression of XBP1 (heterozygous Xbp1±) were resistant to IR-induced AKI due to the enhanced expression of NRF2/HO-1 and diminished ROS in the kidney. Downregulation of XBP1 in renal epithelial cells resulted in reduced HRD1 expression and increased NRF2/HO-1 function, accompanied with enhanced antioxidant response. Furthermore, HRD1 served as an E3-ligase to facilitate the downregulation of NRF2 through ubiquitination-degradation pathway, and the QSLVPDI motif on NRF2 constituted an active site for its interaction with HRD1. Thus, our findings unveil an important physiological role for XBP1/HRD1 in modulating the antioxidant function of NRF2/HO-1 in the kidney under stress conditions. Molecular therapeutic approaches that target XBP1-HRD1-NRF2 pathway may represent potential effective means to treat renal IR injury.
A CCHFV DNA vaccine protects against heterologous challenge and establishes GP38 as immunorelevant in mice
Authors: Suschak John J. , Golden Joseph W. , Fitzpatrick Collin J. , Shoemaker Charles J. , Badger Catherine V. , Schmaljohn Connie S. , Garrison Aura R.
Published: March 2021

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. Currently, no licensed CCHF vaccines exist, and the protective epitopes remain unclear. Previously, we tested a DNA vaccine expressing the M-segment glycoprotein precursor gene of the laboratory CCHFV strain IbAr 10200 (CCHFV-M10200). CCHFV-M10200 provided >60% protection against homologous CCHFV-IbAr 10200 challenge in mice. Here, we report that increasing the dose of CCHFV-M10200 provides complete protection from homologous CCHFV challenge in mice, and significant (80%) protection from challenge with the clinically relevant heterologous strain CCHFV-Afg09-2990. We also report complete protection from CCHFV-Afg09-2990 challenge following vaccination with a CCHFV-Afg09-2990 M-segment DNA vaccine (CCHFV-MAfg09). Finally, we show that the non-structural M-segment protein, GP38, influences CCHF vaccine immunogenicity and provides significant protection from homologous CCHFV challenge. Our results demonstrate that M-segment DNA vaccines elicit protective CCHF immunity and further illustrate the immunorelevance of GP38.
Orbital-hybridization-created optical excitations in Li2GeO3
Authors: Dien Vo Khuong , Pham Hai Duong , Tran Ngoc Thanh Thuy , Han Nguyen Thi , Huynh Thi My Duyen , Nguyen Thi Dieu Hien , Fa-Lin Ming
Published: March 2021

The three-dimensional ternary Li2GeO3 compound presents various unusual essential properties. The main features are thoroughly explored from the first-principles calculations. The concise pictures, the critical orbital hybridizations in Li–O and Ge–O bonds, are clearly examined through the optimal geometric structure, the atom-dominated electronic energy spectrum, the spatial charge densities, the atom and orbital-decomposed van Hove singularities, and the strong optical responses. The unusual optical transitions cover the red-shift optical gap, various frequency-dependent absorption structures and the most prominent plasmon mode in terms of the dielectric functions, energy loss functions, reflectance spectra, and absorption coefficients. Optical excitations, depending on the directions of electric polarization, are strongly affected by excitonic effects. The close combinations of electronic and optical properties can identify a significant orbital hybridization for each available excitation channel. The developed theoretical framework will be very useful in fully understanding the diverse phenomena of other emergent materials.
Author Correction: Physiological response of mammary glands to Escherichia coli infection:A conflict between glucose need for milk production and immune response
Authors: Blum Shlomo E. , Heller Dan E. , Jacoby Shamay , Krifuks Oleg , Merin Uzi , Silanikove Nissim , Lavon Yaniv , Edery Nir , Leitner Gabriel
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Garnet phosphors for white-light-emitting diodes: modification and calculation
Authors: Gao Tongyu , Tian Junhang , Liu Yuanhong , Liu Ronghui , Zhuang Weidong
Published: March 2021

Herein, we outline our recent research progress in the modification and the first-principles calculations of garnet phosphors which should be helpful in guiding scientists to discover novel garnet phosphors for emerging applications.
Formation and properties of liposome-stabilized all-aqueous emulsions based on PEG/dextran, PEG/Ficoll, and PEG/sulfate aqueous biphasic systems
Authors: Rowland Andrew T. , Keating Christine D.
Published: March 2021

Different phase components and lipid vesicle preparations were found to produce all-aqueous emulsions with potential as microreactors.
Robotized algal cells and their multiple functions
Authors: Xie Shuangxi , Qin Lili , Li Guangxi , Jiao Niandong
Published: March 2021

Algal robots were site-specifically, quantitatively assembled with manipulated objects and performed tasks collaboratively.
Lattice oxygen of PbO2 induces crystal facet dependent electrochemical ozone production
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Wang Shibin , Liu Jia , Zheng Haiyang , Gu Yu , Li Wenwen , Shi Huaijie , Li Suiqin , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo
Published: March 2021

β-PbO2-120 nanorods exhibited outstanding ozone output and high Faraday efficiency for electrochemical ozone production. The influence of lattice oxygen and the mechanism of the facet effect were investigated via in situ DEMS and DFT calculation.
Photoluminescence of LaI3 switched on and off by association and dissociation of non-luminescent tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Li Yangjuan , Chen Xiuting , Gong Yu
Published: March 2021

The LaI3(THF)4 complex exhibits strong blue emission upon UV irradiation, and such photoluminescence can be switched on and off by reversible THF association and dissociation.
Interlayer-modified two-dimensional layered hexaniobate K4Nb6O17 as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Elumalai Satheeshkumar , Vadivel Selvamani , Yoshimura Masahiro
Published: March 2021

The modified layered hexaniobate of K4Nb6O17 anode exhibited an excellent lithium storage ability of 480 mA h g−1 at the initial lithiation (0.05 A g−1), and delivered a reversible capacity of 133 mA h g−1 after 750 cycles at 0.5 A g−1.
Seltenere, aber klinisch relevante episodische Schwindelsyndrome
Authors: Becker-Bense Sandra , Huppert Doreen
Published: March 2021

Die Differentialdiagnostik der selteneren, episodischen Schwindelsyndrome kann im klinischen Alltag eine Herausforderung darstellen, insbesondere wenn sie keine im Intervall messbaren Befunde in der neuro-ophthalmologischen oder -otologischen Routinediagnostik hinterlassen. Ursächlich für diese episodischen Schwindelsyndrome können physiologische Reaktionen aufgrund intersensorischer Inkongruenzen oder angeborene bzw. erworbene neuroanatomische/neurophysiologische Varianten sein, die zu vestibulären Reizsyndromen führen. In dieser Übersicht fokussieren wir auf die folgenden, aus unserer Sicht wichtigen vestibulären Syndrome: Bewegungskrankheit, Mal de Debarquement Syndrom, Visuelle Höhenintoleranz, Vestibularisparoxysmie, Zervikaler Schwindel, Episodische Ataxie Typ II und Syndrome eines dritten mobilen Fensters wie das Syndrom der Dehiszenz des superioren Bogengangs. Die Ausprägung reicht von milden Symptomen mit geringer Belastung bis hin zu schweren Krankheitsbildern mit relevanter Alltagseinschränkung. Sie können vom Kindes- oder Jugendalter bis ins Senium auftreten, teilweise mit abweichender Symptomatik. Durch gezielte Anamnese und ggf. erweiterte vestibuläre Diagnostik in einem spezialisierten Zentrum lassen sich diese Syndrome oft klar herausarbeiten und einer erfolgreichen Therapie zuführen.
Residual resistance ratio as indicator for the influence of impurities on fixed-point temperatures
Authors: Fellmuth Bernd , Gaiser Christof
Published: March 2021

The component caused by the influence of impurities often dominates the uncertainty budgets of realisations of temperature fixed points. The Consultative Committee for Thermometry recommended, therefore, in section 2.1 Fixed Points: Influence of Impurities of the Guide to the Realization of the ITS-90 (www.bipm.org) two methods for estimating this component. One is based on summing up the individual effects of all relevant impurities. This method causes huge efforts. The second one requires a reliable information on the overall impurity concentration, which is usually not supplied by the producers of the fixed-point materials. In the paper, it is analysed if the determination of the residual resistance ratio r
0 can aid in getting the required information [r
0 means the ratio of the electrical resistivities ρ at a sufficiently low temperature and at 293 K, usually r
0 = ρ(4.2 K)/ρ(293 K)]. The crucial criterion is the sensitivity of r
0 for the influence of an impurity on the fixed-point temperature, i.e. the magnitude of the derivative dT
l/dr
0 of the liquidus-line temperature T
l with respect to r
0. As examples, the developed methodology is applied to three fixed points of the ITS-90, namely the freezing points of indium, zinc, and aluminium. It can be shown that the use of r
0 can reduce the number of impurities, for which the effortful determination of the individual concentrations is necessary, by an order of magnitude, namely to about 10 or below.
Intrusion Detection System for Cloud Based Software-Defined Networks
Authors: Ibrahim Omar Jamal , Bhaya Wesam S.
Published: March 2021

Software-Defined Networks is a programmable network architecture for the cloud programmable control plane, decoupled from its data plane, offers new possibilities for creative security measures for overall visibility of the status network. This paper leverages these capabilities of SDN and presents the software-enabled Intrusion Detection System (IDS) architecture using the consideration of SDN. It combines the advantages of machine learning with IDS to ensure a high detection rate and protect the network from attacks. The Python script was utilized the Mininet emulator to create a virtual network. Also, it has been used as an Open Daylight software as an SDN controller hosted at a Google cloud. The proposed IDS uses a Grid Search technique with Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect anomaly of attack. The proposed work was trained on UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD datasets. The results show that the proposed system offers a high detection rate. With the proposed machine learning model, the detection rate becomes more than 99.8 percent of accuracy. The results show positive progress in detecting almost all possible network attacks in the SDN-based cloud environment.
An Analytical Study to Evaluate Iraqi Construction Sector Readiness to Manage Post-Disaster Reconstruction
Authors: Al-Qaicy Surra Talal , Breesam Hatem Khaleefah
Published: March 2021

The research aims to conduct an analytical study for Iraqi construction sector to examine the extent of readiness to implement campaigns for post-disaster reconstruction, especially after war disasters. Wars cause massive disasters and great devastation for all sectors, especially to the construction sector. Post-disaster reconstruction after wars become a critical topic for many countries, especially developing ones. The Iraqi construction sector witnessed great destruction in large parts of it due to the last wars in 2014, which resulted in the destruction of many areas and a significant deterioration in infrastructure. Through literary reviews of studies related to the research topic, the researcher will determine the critical success factors for disaster management and devise measures to be taken to be suitable for their application in the reconstruction of the Iraqi construction sector. various terms such as risk management, Stakeholder Management and supply chain management were investigated. In addition to exploring various aspects of disaster management to better understand it, for example, the classification of disasters and the stages of disaster management. Project management principles are discovered for the commitments of this research as well as opinions of experts working in Iraqi construction sector to investigate the suitable action plans for post disaster reconstruction management system. The consequences of this research are used to provide a better understanding of reconstruction mechanisms as well as a comprehensive assessment of the readiness of the Iraqi construction sector.
Cubic ideals of semigroup in KU-algebra
Authors: Kareem Fatema F. , Hasan Omniat Adnan
Published: March 2021

In this work, we study of the concept of a cubic set of a semigroup in KU-algebra. Firstly, we study a cubic sub KU-semigroup and achieve some results in this notion. And then, we get a relation between a cubic sub KU-semi group and a level set of a cubic set. Moreover, we define some cubic ideals of this structure and we found relationships between these ideals.

2010 AMS Classification. 08A72, 03G25, 06F35
Solving Fractional Coupled EW and Coupled MEW Equations Using Bernstein Collocation Method
Authors: Mohammad Susan H. , Al-Rawi Ekhlass S.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with approximation solution for coupled of space-time-fractional of both the equal width wave equation(FCEWE) and the modified equal width wave equation (FCMEWE) using Bernstein polynomials with collocation method and employing the Caputo definition for fractional derivatives. The method reduces the coupled system to a system of algebraic equations which is simple in handling and gives the best results.
Proposed CG method to solve unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Wasi H. A. , Shiker M. A. K.
Published: March 2021

The Conjugate Gradient (CG) method of unconstrained optimization algorithms possesses good properties like less requirement memory and global convergence properties. Many modified algorithms have been made to this method, as well as new suggestions for its work to obtain the best results. In this article, a modified of conjugate gradient method is introduced, so that global convergence was smoothly proven, and the numerical results of the proposed method were compared with other methods, and the results were better in its general form, this confirms the strength, durability, and effectiveness of the proposed new method.
Flow Optimization in Dynamic Networks on Time Scales
Authors: Abraheim Ahmed Kamil , Jaber Ali K. , Al-Salih Rasheed
Published: March 2021

Network flow optimization has a wide range of real world applications such as in transportation, in electric, in civil engineering, in industrial engineering and in communication networks and so on. In the minimum cost network flow model, the goal is to find the values of the decisions variables that minimize the total cost of flows over the given network. In this work, a new formulation of flow optimization in dynamic networks using time scales approach has been presented. The continuous network model and the quantum case model are also obtained as special cases. The formulation has been given for both dynamic models and time scales models. Moreover, the new approach provides the exact optimal solution for this type of optimization problems. Furthermore, a new version of some duality theorems for time scales flow optimization in dynamic networks has been introduced.
Some results on Best proximity in geodesic spaces
Authors: Jassim Khalid Abed , Abed Salwa Salman
Published: March 2021

Eldred and Veeramani have proved the existence and uniqueness of best proximity for contraction cyclic contraction mapping in uniformly convex banach spaces. In this paper, Eldred and Veeramani study is extended to geodesic spaces particularly in CAT(0) spaces, prove the sequences (x2n) and (x2n+1) are Cauchy sequences and prove the existenace and uniqueness of best proximity point for contraction cyclic mapping in CAT(0) spaces.
New Fabrication (PVA-PVP-C. B) Nanocomposites: Structural and Electrical Properties
Authors: Abid Ali A. , Al-nesrawy Sameer H. , Abdulridha Ali R.
Published: March 2021

In this present study, polymer blend (PVA-PVP)-Carbon black (C. B N375) nanocomposites have been investigated. The (PVA-PVP-C. B) nanocomposites are organized by via casting procedure. The optical microscope, FTIR and electrical properties have been studied. The constant of dielectric with the dielectric loss of the samples were reduced with increasing the value of frequency during the application of electric field, while an increasing in the A. C electrical conductivity results existed with the rising the value of the frequency. The electrical conductivity (A. C), dielectric loss and constant of all the samples were increased with the increasing of the carbon black concentrations.
Environment of Car Service Centers in Iraq. Its benefits? The most important problems field study on the reality of the services they provide
Authors: Rahim Ahmad Ibrahem , Fareq Tareq , Abulrahman Luqman Qader , Bakr Hoba Hameed
Published: March 2021

After a significant increase in the need of the preparation of cars in Iraq, the suffering of the owners with the faults and the services are not as acceptable by the car owners. A number of countries in the world has been established a huge number of service centers especially in large cities. This is to make the repairing and maintenance of cars easier, Statistics show that the service centers were not at the level of assessment, especially according to environmental pollution and the requirement of manpower. With regard to the high prices of spare parts and over-estimation of the repair process and lack of interest in the environment in general of the most important problems of maintenance centers, in addition to the difficulty of booking an appointment for maintenance, there are large agencies have a large share of the sale of cars in the market and have special centers in maintenance do not want In the maintenance of their cars in any unattached center and this is a big problem. There are not enough service centers to accommodate large numbers of cars. Once the customer goes to the service center to solve a simple problem, it does not need a lot of time that they are spending in today’s service centers. If want to change oil or filter of the car takes 10 minutes while needs a lot of time when trying to change it in service center. Because of this it will affect in raising the price of fixing the car for administrative expenses, dismantling, installation, and sales taxes.
Deep Learning Algorithms based Voiceprint Recognition System in Noisy Environment
Authors: Khdier Hajer Y. , Jasim Wesam M. , Aliesawi Salah A.
Published: March 2021

Voiceprint Recognition (VPR) is the mechanism by which a user’s so-called identity is determined using characteristics taken from their voice, where this-technique is one of the world’s most useful and common biometric recognition techniques particularly the fields-relevant to security. These can be used for authentication, monitoring, forensic identification of speakers, and a variety of related activities. In this work, an attempt is applied to create a system that recognizes human speaker identity using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Two methods are used in this work which are MFCC-CNN and RW-CNN. The first method is standard method using MFCC, to use the features in the audio, where these features are will be entered into CNN to perform a process. The training CNN will take input as a picture and then the process of training via the proposed CNN is beginning. The second method, RW-CNN, the same steps as the first method, but without going through the MFCC phases where direct entry to CNN. In which, the same CNN structure was used in both methods. In this work, a 96% accuracy gained for both RW-CNN and MFCC-CNN. Both methods are similar in their results, either with or without noise, but the performance is mixed. This system can deep learn a large amount of human voices with high accuracy and minimum processes requirement.
Signature Texture Features Extraction Using GLCM Approach in Android Studio
Authors: Dwaich Hussein Awad , Abdulbaqi Huda Abdulaali
Published: March 2021

Signature Features Extraction is a method for deriving informative values of image signature for indexing and signature identification. It is a dimensionality reduction of image data to be manageable for processing. Image texture is a key spatial attribute used for feature extraction and image coding. However, Android environment lack of efficient algorithm for automatic extracting texture features which may cause serious security issues and unreliability problem in the Android application (app). The challenge in Signature Features Extraction of a mobile app is to be as robust and stable as possible. For that, the present paper presents an efficient algorithm for extracting signature texture features using a gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The image signature is quantized into five texture features of energy feature, entropy feature, contrast feature, dissimilarity feature, and homogeneity feature. The processes developed in the android studio environment to be used in mobile phone cell applications as a tool for signature detection. The results show that the present method provides significant results due to obtained average values and acceptable computational time.
Evaluation of Global Gravitational Models Based on DGPS/leveling Data over Baghdad University (IRAQ)
Authors: Saray Nearan S. , Ghazal Nawal K.
Published: March 2021

GPS becomes one of the most technical favorite geodesy methods. A major dilemma in GPS survey lies in oval-based elevations, while orthometric heights are commonly used in engineering practice. Converting GPS heights into orthometric heights by applying a precise geode model is therefore necessary. This paper aims to model the local geoid in the using study region (h-H). Compared with many global gravitational models (GGMs) and three of them were selected, namely EGM96, EGM84, and EGM2008. The evaluations of the accuracy of these models and then choose the most accurate and closer to the local geode In the field of work, which is mounted on the campus of the University of Baghdad in the capital of Iraq. Techniques require the use of GGM to represent global differences or long wavelengths of The gravity field of the Earth; the gravitational field of the Earth takes into account much of the direct information about the distributions of mass density in the Earth. It then provides the basis for exploring oil and gas in this respect, and the detection of geodesics forms the basis for exploring minerals. The EGM08 is the closer GGMs to the observed local geodetic dataset, in terms of the difference of geoid undulation that have a maximum of) 0.4011m), a minimum of) 0.3996m), an average of [-0.111256m], and a standard deviation of[ ±0.152859m].
Fuzzy Ideals of KK-algebra
Authors: Hameed Areej Tawfeeq , Faleh Huda Ali , Abed Ahmed Hamzah
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is introduce the notion of fuzzy ideal of KK-algebra, “several properties, theorems are proved and stated”. “The fuzzy relations” on KK-“algebras are also studied”.
Hyper Fuzzy AT-ideals of AT-algebra
Authors: Ali Saba Hussein , Kareem Fatema F. , Hameed Areej Tawfeeq
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of hyper fuzzy AT-ideals on hyper AT-algebra. Also, hyper fuzzy AT-subalgebras and fuzzy hyper AT-ideal of hyper AT-algebras are studied. We study on the fuzzy theory of hyper AT-subalgebras and hyper AT-ideal of hyper AT-algebras. Furthermore, the fuzzy set theory of the (weak, strong, s-weak) hyper fuzzy ATideals in hyper AT-algebras are applied and the relations among them are obtained.
On Small Semiprime Modules
Authors: Ramadhan Haider A. , Mothafar Nuhad S. Al.
Published: March 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with an identity, and G be a unitary R-module. We say that an R-module G is small semiprime if (0
G
) is small Semiprime submodule of G. Equivalently, an R-module G is small semiprime iff ann ρ= vÄP for each proper small submodule ρ of G. We have given and demonstrated some of the characterizations and features of these types of modules in this paper.
Community structure-aware fairness and goodness algorithm for link weight prediction
Authors: Atiya Hiba Rashid , Nawaf Huda Naji
Published: March 2021

In this research, the problem of predicting the edge weight in the Bitcoin network has been resolved by utilizing the structure of the community based Fairness and Goodness. Community detection using Newman-Girvan algorithm has been applied to obtaine the trusted communities which depends on the features representation generally. The former may represent the trusted transactions that have trust value more that certain threshold. Concering the missing edge weight, the prediction is based on the fairness and goodness that supported by the above communities. In fairness measure, can capture how fair the node is in rating other nodes’ trust that has transactions (trusted transactions) with. While the goodness of a node shows how much this node is liked or trusted by other nodes that have transactions (trusted transactions) with. In both cases, only the nodes that are within community of the target node contribute with setting the fairness or the goodness of the target. The model was evaluated in practice using two real-world datasets; the Bitcoin-OTC and the Bitcoin-Alpha datasets. The experimental findings explain the effectiveness of the proposed comparable with other methods. The percentage error minimization is 18% for the Alpha dataset and 26% for OTC dataset.
Evaluation key generator of Multiple Asymmetric methods in Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs)
Authors: Hamza Aseel Hamoud , Al-Alak Saif M. Kh.
Published: March 2021

The wireless sensor network (WSNs) is constructed with a combination of the sensor nodes and the sink nodes. WSNs applied in many applications. The Security in WSNs is necessary because of limitations of storage, computing capacity, power use. Encryption is one of the most important tools utilized to supply the security services for WSNs. Asymmetric and symmetric encryption algorithm can be utilized in the WSNs structure to supply the security. The asymmetric key encryption algorithm gives a higher level of the security, but compared to symmetric key encryption, that causes extra sensor overhead. In this research KCMA method used to generate chains key of twelve experiments of the algorithms (ECC, RSA, ELGamal). These chains merged with hash function SHA2 and XOR. Diehard test was utilized in all experiments to evaluate the randomness of the secret key generated, and show it’s more security system. SHA2 was the best as compared with XOR. Also, the work evaluated the performance (time) for the system and throughput network.
Measurable SB-Functions Space And Confine MŞB-Function Topology
Authors: Al-Abbasi Hasanain , Al-Swidi Lauy
Published: March 2021

The first aim of this work is to introduce a new function space called the measurable set-valued Borel functions space and new topological space called the confine measurable set-valued Borel function topology on the set of the measurable set-valued Borel functions. Second is to introduce new properties and relations by study this new space.