bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood Memory, Family Dynamics, and Rumination: A Systematic Review in a Psychological Perspective
Authors: Marita Prily Carla , Hendriani Wiwin
Published: January 2025

The family is included in the smallest and closest circle to an individual. Family becomes the first environment to interact with an individual. Not all children go through a childhood full of laughter; some experience challenging childhoods, often referred to in psychology as adverse childhood experiences. This study aimed to analyze the influence of childhood memories and family dynamics on rumination tendencies through a systematic review, in order to understand the underlying psychological factors and the role of emotional memory in repetitive thinking among individuals. This study employed a systematic literature review method, with data collected from four journal portals: one national journal and three international journals. The national journal portal used was Garuda, with the search keywords "ruminasi" and "rumination." International journal portals included SAGE, Emerald Insight, and JSTOR, with search keywords "impact AND rumination family OR childhood matters OR experience." The study results indicated that rumination impacts various aspects, including interpersonal relationships, academic achievement, behavior, emotions, and psychological disorders. Rumination influences interpersonal relationships, especially in peer relations, and negatively impacts academic performance. The implications of this study highlight the need for psychological interventions focused on rumination management, particularly related to family experiences.

Keluarga termasuk dalam lingkaran terkecil dan terdekat bagi individu. Keluarga menjadi lingkungan pertama yang berinteraksi dengan individu. Tidak semua anak melewati masa kecil yang penuh tawa. Ada pula anak-anak yang mengalami pengalaman masa kecil yang berat atau dalam psikologi biasa disebut sebagai adverse childhood experience. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh memori masa kecil dan dinamika keluarga terhadap kecenderungan rumination melalui tinjauan sistematis, guna memahami faktor psikologis yang mendasari serta peran memori emosional dalam proses berpikir berulang di kalangan individu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review. Data dikumpulkan dari 4 portal jurnal. 1 jurnal nasional dan 3 jurnal internasional. Portal jurnal nasional yang digunakan adalah Garuda dengan menggunakan kata kunci pencarian “ruminasi” dan “rumination”. Portal jurnal internasional yang digunakan adalah SAGE, Emerald Insight, dan JSTOR dengan kata kunci pencarian “impact AND rumination family OR childhood matters OR experience”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ruminasi berdampak pada berbagai aspek, termasuk hubungan interpersonal, capaian akademik, perilaku, emosi, dan gangguan psikologis. Ruminasi mempengaruhi hubungan interpersonal, khususnya dalam relasi teman sebaya, serta berdampak negatif pada prestasi akademik. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan perlunya pengembangan intervensi psikologis yang fokus pada manajemen ruminasi, terutama yang berhubungan dengan pengalaman keluarga.
Treatment of Depression in Children Through Expressive Writing Therapy
Authors: Hafizah Nurul , Sulistyarini Indahria
Published: January 2025

Depression in children is a psychological problem that is often ignored and left untreated. This condition can have an impact on children's decreased desire to eat, loss of interest in children and cognitive impairment that can disturb the development of children. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy on reducing the intensity of depression in children. This study uses a research design, namely single-case research. The subject in this study was a 12-year-old girl who experienced symptoms of depression as measured using the Children Depression Inventory (CDI). The diagnosis was given after assessing the subject in the form of interviews, observations and comprehensive psychological tests. The researcher determines the baseline related to the subject's psychological condition in determining the intervention. The results showed that there was a decrease in the intensity of the main symptoms of depression in the subject, then there were changes in thoughts, feelings and behavior in the subject before and after the intervention of expressive writing therapy on the subject.

Depresi pada anak merupakan salah satu permasalahan psikologis yang sering diabaikan dan sering tidak diobati. Kondisi ini dapat berdampak kepada penurunan nafsu makan pada anak, kehilangan ketertarikan pada anak hingga adanya penurunan kognitif yang dapat mengganggu proses perkembangan pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi menulis ekspresif terhadap penurunan intensitas depresi pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian yaitu single-case research. Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan seorang anak perempuan berusia 12 tahun yang mengalami gejala depresi yang diukur dengan menggunakan Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Diagnosis diberikan setelah dilakukan asesmen kepada subjek berupa wawancara, observasi dan tes psikologi secara komprehensif. Peneliti menentukan baseline terkait kondisi psikologis subjek dalam menentukan intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan intensitas gejala utama depresipada subjek dan terjadi perubahan secara pikiran, perasaan dan perilaku pada subjek pra serta pasca intervensi expressive writing therapy pada subjek.
Mental Health Literacy Training for Surabaya Hebat Cadres to Improve Psychological Wellbeing of the Elderly
Authors: Ainin Qurrotu , Amelia Arbi Dian Kartika
Published: January 2025

The program aims to improve the welfare of the elderly and prevent the elderly from experiencing mental health problems through mental health literacy training to elderly posyandu cadres to help and assist the elderly to detect psychological disorders so that the elderly can immediately seek help to get the right treatment independently or through professional assistance. This study used an experimental approach with a one-group pretest posttest design. The research subjects were Surabaya Hebat cadres who were also members of the Karang Werdha Amanah RW 07 Pucang Sewu Surabaya elderly community, totaling 12 people. The results of cognitive mental health literacy questionnaire analysis using paired sample t analysis through the SPSS 25 application showed a significance value of 0.009 (p
Leadership Challenges in Managing Generation Z: An Indonesian Work Culture Perspective
Authors: Reformasianto Viki Love , Faizah Niswatul
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on the leadership challenges of managing Generation Z in Indonesia, a relevant but under-researched topic. This research was conducted using the literature study method, specifically narrative review, as the main approach. Generation Z in the Indonesian workplace presents unique challenges that require special attention due to their different expectations compared to previous generations, such as flexibility, rapid growth opportunities, and collaborative work environments. To address this, leaders need to apply transformational leadership styles that motivate and inspire through strong vision and individual support, increase employee engagement, develop career development programs that match Generation Z's aspirations and implement digital technologies that support work flexibility are key, as well as create harmonious and productive work environments. By implementing these practices, leaders in Indonesia can create an inclusive, supportive and fulfilling work environment for Generation Z.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada tantangan kepemimpinan dalam mengelola Generasi Z di Indonesia, sebuah topik yang relevan namun masih kurang diteliti secara mendalam. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode studi literatur, khususnya narrative review, sebagai pendekatan utama. Generasi Z di tempat kerja Indonesia menghadirkan tantangan unik yang memerlukan perhatian khusus karena harapan mereka yang berbeda dibandingkan generasi sebelumnya, seperti fleksibilitas, kesempatan berkembang cepat, dan lingkungan kerja kolaboratif. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, pemimpin perlu menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional yang memotivasi dan menginspirasi melalui visi yang kuat dan dukungan individu, meningkatkan keterlibatan karyawan, mengembangkan program pengembangan karier yang sesuai dengan aspirasi Generasi Z dan mengimplementasikan teknologi digital yang mendukung fleksibilitas kerja adalah kunci penting, serta menciptakan lingkungan kerja harmonis dan produktif. Dengan menerapkan praktik-praktik ini, pemimpin di Indonesia dapat menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang inklusif, mendukung, dan memuaskan bagi Generasi Z.
Pemanfaatan Articial Intelligence (AI) dalam Pembelajaran SMP
Authors: Maulidya Sity Rahmy , Sri Ulfa Insani  , Zulfah
Published: January 2025

This Community Service Research was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Mandau. The problem faced by partners is the limited knowledge about AI and its use in learning. Thus, the purpose of this training is so that teachers have sufficient knowledge and understanding of AI so that they can use it in learning practices at school. With various features offered by the Kahoot application, learning becomes interactive, this is also supported by a lot of literature and research stating that learning with Kahoot can attract students' interest in learning. The results of this training are that teachers gain additional and in-depth knowledge about AI applications, an introduction to the Kahoot application and the practice of making quizzes or formative evaluation questions for each teacher according to the subjects taught at school. All the activities that were trained went smoothly, the teachers were actively involved and enthusiastic in the practice of making evaluation questions with Kahoot.
OPTIMIZATION OF DANCE EDUCATION THROUGH CREATIVE MEDIA: INTEGRATION OF TEXT, VIDEO, AND AUDIOVISUALS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Budiarsa I Wayan , Utamia Dewa Gede Satya Adi Maha , Sari Ni Wayan Arma Yonika
Published: January 2025

This research is motivated by the need to enhance the effectiveness of dance education, which often faces challenges in conveying movement concepts in a visual and comprehensive manner. The aim of this study is to optimise dance learning through the integration of creative media, including text, video, and audiovisual elements within the educational process. The method employed is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, wherein data are collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis at dance education institutions. The findings indicate that the integration of creative media not only boosts student motivation and engagement in the learning process but also enriches their understanding of dance techniques and aesthetics. Furthermore, audiovisual media have proven effective in clarifying movement representation and strengthening the skill evaluation process. This research recommends the use of creative media as an innovative strategy in dance education in the era of disruption.
Household structure in Ghana: Exploring dynamics over three decades
Authors: Ackah Josephine Akua , Sear Rebecca , McLean Estelle , Awusabo-Asare Kofi , Hassan Anushé , Achana Fabian Sebastian , Walters Sarah
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: The nuclear convergence hypothesis proposes that development and urbanisation lead to increasing proportions of nuclear families. We explore this hypothesis in Ghana by charting household living arrangements as captured in censuses and surveys.OBJECTIVE: To classify household structure in Ghana and track trends to test whether households converge towards nucleation during processes of development and urbanisation. METHODS: We employ two methods of classification – manual and data driven (latent class analysis) – to create household structures using Ghana’s censuses (1984-2021) and Demographic and Health Surveys (1993-2022). We explore trends over time and compare urban and rural areas to track nuclear convergence while documenting the differences and similarities between data sources and methods of classification.RESULTS: We find that though the manual and data-driven approaches produce similar results, the latter is vulnerable to possible misclassification. From the manual approach, we identify seven different typologies of household structure in Ghana and find that on average, a substantial proportion are core nuclear (couple with children only), other extended (non-multigenerational) and single member households. Overall, our findings deviate from the nuclear convergence hypothesis. There has not been a significant shift in the distribution of household types and in urban areas, there is a growing proportion of multigenerational households. We also observe that the surveys provide more reliable evidence on trends than the censuses. CONTRIBUTION: There is no strong evidence to support nuclear convergence in Ghana. We make a methodological contribution, highlighting that the use of data-driven methods for household classification needs to be approached with caution.
CONTINUOUS VS DISCONTINUOUS DATA IMPUTATION IN CONNECTED COMPLEX TIME SERIES: A TOPOLOGICAL AND CHAOS THEORY FRAMEWORK WITH EVIDENCE FROM U.S. REAL GDP GROWTH
Authors: Gómez José M.
Published: January 2025

This research evaluates the validity of continuous versus discontinuous data imputation techniques in connected complex time series by developing a methodological framework that integrates topological analysis and chaos theory. Using U.S. Real GDP quarterly growth from 1996 to 2024 as study case, we demonstrate that the time series exhibits characteristics of a chaotic system with high sensitivity to initial conditions and possesses a connected topology. Our findings reveal that continuous imputation techniques preserve essential topological properties while discontinuous methods fundamentally alter the system's structure, evidencing that unpredictability is ontologically inherent in this type of time series. This is supported by two key findings: first, the persistence of extreme fluctuations under continuous transformations and maintenance of global volatility patterns; second, the persistence of significant uncertainty across 14 machine and deep learning models after applying optimized Yeo-Johnson transformations. The results suggest that discontinuous imputation techniques may invalidate subsequent analysis by disrupting fundamental topological properties. Our research establishes a theoretical framework for evaluating imputation techniques based on mathematical properties of chaotic systems and general topology, providing practical guidance for handling extreme rare values in connected complex time series.
Entirely Online Automatic Digital Integrated Circuits Design using HDL in Colab and Gemini AI
Authors: TEO Tee Hui
Published: January 2025

This paper shares an experience using online Hardware Description Language (HDL) design, explicitly utilizing Google Colab and the coding assistant Gemini. We explore a structured methodology for HDL design that transitions from manual coding in Verilog and SystemVerilog to an AI-assisted approach, highlighting the advantages and challenges encountered along the way. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for both educational and practical applications in digital integrated circuit design.
Beyond firewalls: The future of cybersecurity research
Authors: Ahmadi Sina
Published: January 2025

The digital revolution has changed our world forever and it brought technology into our lives in every way. Be it for cross- border commerce, critical infrastructures, communications, or the very bonding of us as societies, all part of the paradigm today seem to take a more “inter-connected” flavor. While this brought ubiquitous connectivity into our lives, it also opened Pandora’s Box, unleashing relentless waves of cyber threats that endanger individuals, organizations and even national security. But as with everything, cybersecurity practitioners must understand the advanced threats as they increase in their level of sophistication and scale, making high-quality and innovative cybersecurity research imperative. The intention of this article is to be forward looking in discussing the major threats facing the industry and presenting fruitful lines of inquiry to navigate this complex and dynamic landscape.
The Parasitosis-Cancer connection
Authors: Tabaee Pardis
Published: January 2025

Certain forms of Parasites have been anticipated to present certain cancer-like features, although, the link between the two diseases has been missing for some time, leading to the design by pharmaceutical engineers of chemotherapeutic agents without a full understanding of why some of those designs have been beneficial, as opposed to other ones. It seems that the reason for successful chemotherapy is linked to their anti-parasitic action, regardless of the origin of the tumor, the standard of anti-parasitic action could prove to be what we need to target cancers universally, similarly to what happened to antibiotic therapy in the early 20th century. If this theory turns out to be true, then treating cancer in the future will be just like treating the flu. The reasoning behind this work is addressed in this short study, featuring current literature slowly moving towards that direction and an earliest one that was in fact published on this preprint server, but adding further proof that anti-parasitic agents could be key in the future of cancer treatment.
Gender Disparities in the Development of ICT Literacy across Adulthood: A Two-Wave Study
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Schwaß Mariann
Published: January 2025

Despite the increasing importance of digital skills in modern society, the development of information and communication technology (ICT) literacy in adulthood has received limited attention, particularly regarding gender differences over the course of life. Therefore, this study investigated between-person differences and within-person changes in ICT literacy over approximately nine years in a sample of N = 2,266 adults from Germany. The result showed that younger adults exhibited higher ICT literacy than older adults, but within-person changes did not differ by age. On average, ICT literacy declined over time (Cohen’s d = -0.30). Men consistently demonstrated higher ICT literacy than women (Cohen’s d = 0.39), though gender did not influence changes in ICT literacy. Socioeconomic status did not robustly moderate these effects. No gender differences were found in the variance of ICT literacy. These findings suggest that ICT literacy tends to decline across adulthood, while preexisting gender differences, likely rooted in earlier socialization processes, persist without substantial change.
A Taxonomy of State-Specific Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Decisions Under Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Lob Aaron Benjamin , Fischer Olivia , Frey Renato
Published: January 2025

What state-specific psychological mechanisms shape people's decisions under risk and uncertainty? Despite its importance in a complex and dynamic world, answering this question becomes increasingly difficult due to (i) a proliferation of theories in the behavioral sciences that propose potentially relevant mechanisms, (ii) the difficulty of assessing conceptual overlaps between proposed mechanisms, and (iii) a disconnect between verbal and formal theories. These challenges ultimately lead to conceptual clutter, jingle-jangle fallacies, and fragmentation—thus hindering cumulative scientific progress. In this article we aimed to address these issues. We reviewed 100 key theories of the behavioral sciences and applied a standardized procedure for identifying, classifying and integrating theoretically proposed mechanisms. This resulted in a taxonomy of presumably distinct, state-specific psychological mechanisms. Specifically, the taxonomy incorporates 83 mechanisms and 139 variants that were put forth by verbal or formal theories, and which can be grouped into seven major classes: (1) the subjective perception of choice attributes (e.g., an option's subjective value), (2) cognitive resources and control (e.g., memory processes), (3) social influence (e.g., social norms), (4) affect (e.g., feeling regret), (5) goals and motivation (e.g., needs), (6) time factors (e.g., time pressure), and (7) experience and knowledge. The proposed taxonomy and its accompanying online app (i.e., the mechanism explorer; https://explorer.cbdr-lab.net) may constitute a starting point for a more integrative psychological science, and can aid researchers of the behavioral sciences in navigating the complex theory space, thus supporting specific empirical investigations as well as future theory development.
Bind Recovery of Sparse Factor Structures by Signal Cancellation
Authors: Achim André
Published: January 2025

Blind factor recovery follows from the principle that the signal of variables exclusive to a factor can be combined in a contrast (weighted sum) that cancels their factor contributions, leaving only a compound of the variables’ unique variances. Successful contrasts, uncorrelated with any remaining variable, become the signature of factors with at least two unique indicator variables. Pairwise signal cancellation, usually incomplete for variables affected by different factors, nevertheless succeeds for variables with proportional loadings on two factors, which places three cancelling clusters in the plane of two factors. This is recognized by successful cancellation among variable triplets representing the three clusters. The Signal Cancellation Recovery of Factors (SCRoF) algorithm implements these principles, only requiring that each factor has at least two unique indicators, not even requiring having pre-estimated the number of factors. Alternate sparse factor solutions are obtained through a two significance-threshold strategy. The individually estimated factor loadings and factor correlations of each potential solution are globally optimized for maximum likelihood, yielding a χ2 indication of compatibility with observed data. SCRoF is illustrated with synthetic data from a complex six-factor structure. Actual data then document that SCRoF can even benefit confirmatory factor analysis when the initial model appears inadequate.
SOCIAL SUCCESS IN A NOISY WORLD: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DECREASED SOUND TOLERANCE AND SOCIAL PROFILES
Authors: Wickie Ashleigh , Van Esch Natalia , Scheerer Nichole
Published: January 2025

Humans are inherently social creatures, yet considerable variability exists in our social behaviours. It is unclear what factors contribute to this variability. Given the complex and abundant sensory stimuli present in our daily environments, differences in sensory processing abilities may contribute to the variation observed in social behaviours. Individual differences in sensory processing may have significant effects on an individual's capacity to navigate social settings and may influence the development and expression of social competence. In this study, we investigated the relationship between one form of sensory processing difference, Decreased Sound Tolerance (DST), and social competence. Existing literature suggests that it is common for individuals with DST to engage in social avoidance behaviours to mitigate exposure to distressing sounds. However, limited research explores the potential relationship between DST severity and social competence. As such, a sample of 2095 undergraduate students completed an online survey designed to assess their DST severity and social competence. Initially, to parse the variability in social competence, scores on the multidimensional social competence scale (MSCS), underwent a k-means cluster analysis. This analysis yielded four unique social profiles based on seven social competence domains (e.g., social motivation, emotion regulation etc.). Misophonia and hyperacusis questionnaires were then used to evaluate differences in DST across the social profiles. The results indicated varying severity levels of both misophonia and hyperacusis across the four social profiles, with the individuals who reported the highest social competence exhibiting the lowest levels of DST. These findings highlight the potential relationship between sensory processing differences, such as DST, and social functioning.
The GOOGLE and XPRIZE award for how to use quantum computers practically: The problem of the “P” versus “NP” outputs of any quantum computer and the pathway for its resolving
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: January 2025

The GOOGLE and XPRIZE $5,000,000 for the practical and socially useful utilization of the quantum computer is the starting point for ontomathematical reflections for what it can really serve. Its “output by measurement” is opposed to the conjecture for a coherent ray able alternatively to deliver the ultimate result of any quantum calculation immediately as a Dirac -function therefore accomplishing the transition of the sequence of increasingly narrow probability density distributions to their limit. The GOOGLE and XPRIZE problem’s solution needs the initial understanding that the result of any quantum calculation is a wave function, or respectively, a probability (density or not) distribution unlike the Turing machine one, and only a “calculating ray” is able to transform the former into the later without any “curving” disturbances. Thus, the unique capability of the quantum computer due to its inherent quantum parallelism can be conserved for all Gödel unresolvable problems, only on the fast “NP” track of which the quantum computer “Achilles” is able practically to overrun the Turing machine “Tortoise” since the latter can “sprint” only by any “P” calculating speed even on it and unlike “Achilles” himself able for “NP” velocities as well. The way for any material body to “calculate” the certain trajectory of least action also resolves the “traveling salesman problem” in fact, therefore illustrating furthermore what the “NP” output of a quantum computer by a “calculating ray” should mean. Another example is the problem of the number of all prime numbers less than “N”, which is suggested to visualize once again the quantum computer capability to resolve problems by a “NP” speed and thus qualitatively to overrun any competing Turing machine. The technically implemented idea of laser is now reinterpreted to “radiate a wave function” in order to explain the “calculating ray” option for a quantum computer “NP” output. The generalization of an entanglement “trigger ray” described by any non-Hermitian operator (unlike a laser) is suggested as well as those “sci-fi” horizons which it reveals. One of them is meant for elucidating the practical meaning of the “Yang-Mills existence and mass gap problem”, one more of the CMI “Millennium Problems” after that of “P vs NP”.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial Activity, and GC-MS Characterization of Methanolic Extract of Azadirachta indica from Nuwakot, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prabina , Acharya Prajwal , Bhatt Bishan Datt
Published: January 2025

Azadirachta indica, known as Neem, is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties. The present work was carried out to examine the bio-efficacy of the leaves of Azadirachta indica by examining phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis, and antibacterial properties. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites like alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and phenolic compounds. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 30 compounds, among which 3- Oxatricyclo[20.8.0.0(7,16)triaconta-1(22),7(16),9,13,23,29-hexene, Phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrien- 1-ol, (Z, Z, Z), 3E,5E,7E-6-methyl-8-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3,5,7-octatrien-2-one, n- Hexadecanoic acid, dl-alpha,-Tocopherol, and Hexanedioic acid were found as major compounds. The antibacterial activity of the Azadirachta indica was evaluated against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative bacterium Enterobacter aerogenes using the filter disc diffusion technique on the Muller Hilton Agar plate (MHA). A significant zone of inhibition of 7 mm and 11 mm was observed, indicating the extract’s efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These findings underscore the potential of Azadirachta indica from Nuwakot district Nepal, as a source of natural bioactive compounds.
Proximate Analysis and Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antibacterial Activities of Capsicum Species Consumed in Nepal
Authors: Kalauni Surya Kant , Pokhrel Krishna Prasad , K. C. Anant , Khanal Lekha Nath
Published: January 2025

Chili has been consumed worldwide for a long time and is known for its aroma, hot taste, vibrant color, and its richness in various vitamins, minerals, capsaicin, and carotenoids, which offer protective attributes against health complaints such as rheumatism, joint pain, bronchitis, and cancer. This study aims to conduct a proximate analysis, phytochemical composition, estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities of three commonly used chili species in Nepal. Proximate analysis showed the presence of the highest percentage of crude fiber (16.43%), carbohydrate (13.59%), and fat (1.47%) in Capsicum frutescence. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, the phenolic content was found in the range from 71.80 ± 3.36 mg GAE/g in Capsicum frutescens to 6.59 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g in Capsicum annuum var. cerasiforme. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was in the range of 22.38 ± 2.56 mg QE/g in C. frutescens to the minimum of 3.20 ± 0.43 mg QE/g in C. annuum var. annuum. The methanol extract of Capsicum frutescens was found to exhibit significant antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 99.13 ± 3.55 μg/mL). The extract exhibited moderate α-amylase inhibition capacity on evaluation by CNPG3 method but did not show antibacterial activity against both gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The results of this study validate the traditional use of chili as nutraceutical and therapeutic purposes.
‘तिमी र मः अभिन्न सत्य’ कवितामा देह र आत्माको सम्बन्ध
Authors: सापकोटा Sapkota सन्ध्या Sandhya
Published: January 2025

गोविन्दराज विनोदीद्वारा रचित ‘तिमी र मः अभिन्न सत्य’ कवितामा वेदान्त दर्शनअन्तर्गत देह र आत्माको सम्बन्धको अध्ययन प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखको अध्ययनीय क्षेत्र हो । पाठविश्लेषणविधि अवलम्बन गरिएको यस लेखमा पौरस्त्य दर्शनअन्तर्गतको वेदान्त दर्शनभित्रको देहात्मा उपस्थापनलाई सैद्धान्तिक आधार बनाइएको छ । ब्रह्मको इच्छाशक्ति माया उपाधियुक्त चैतन्य नै ईश्वर तथा अविद्या उपाधियुक्त चैतन्यलाई जीवात्मा मान्नु वेदान्त दर्शनको मूल मान्यता हो । विश्लेष्य कवितामा ‘म’ लाई पुरुष अर्थात् ‘देह’ र ‘तिमी’ लाई ‘प्रकृति’ अर्थात् ‘आत्मा’का रूपमा उपस्थित गराई आत्माबिना जीवको अस्तित्व नरहने दर्शन प्रस्तुत भएको छ । यस कवितामा देहको सम्पूर्ण शक्ति नै आत्मामा रहने तथा आत्माले आफ्नो उपस्थिति जनाउन देहको आवश्यकता पर्ने हुँदा देह र आत्माको सम्बन्ध निर्विकल्प छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष वेदान्त दर्शनको सापेक्षतामा निकालिएको छ ।
‘बेग्लै म’ कथामा सन्दिग्धता
Authors: अर्याल Aryal अम्बिका Ambika
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत शोध लेख ‘बेग्लै म’ कथाको सन्दिग्धता अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । ‘बेग्लै म’ आख्यानकार उषा शेरचनको कथासङ्ग्रह “बेग्लै म” (२०८१) भित्र सङ्गृहीत शीर्ष कथा हो । सन्दिग्धता पाश्चात्य जगतमा विकसित क्वियर थेउरीको नेपाली रुपान्तरण हो । क्वियर वा सन्दिग्धताले लैङ्गिक अल्पसङ्ख्यक अर्थात् तेस्रोलिङ्गीलाई समेट्छ । सन्दिग्धता तेस्रो लिङ्गीका हकअधिकार र पहिचानका खोजीमा बिसौँ शताब्दीको अन्त्यतिर विकसित पाश्चात्य साहित्यसिद्धान्त हो । यसले कृतिमा अभिव्यक्त लैङ्गिक अल्पसङ्ख्यकको समस्या, स्थितिको विश्लेषण गरी तिनको अस्तित्वको खोजीमा जोड दिन्छ । शेरचनको ‘बेग्लै म’ कथामा पनि लैङ्गिक अल्पसङ्ख्यकलाई मूल पात्रका रूपमा उभ्याएर तेस्रोलिङ्गीका समस्या, सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण एवम् अस्तित्वप्रतिको सचेतनालाई विषय बनाइएको छ । तसर्थ यस कथामा लैङ्गिक अल्पसङ्ख्यकको उपस्थिति, भूमिका तथा समस्यालाई कसरी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्याको निरूपण गर्ने लक्ष्य यस लेखको रहेको छ । यसका लागि सन्दिग्धता सिद्धान्तका तेस्रो लिङ्गीको समस्या र मनोभाव, तेस्रो लिङ्गीको अस्तित्वको लडाईँ, तेस्रो लिङ्गीप्रतिको सामाजिक धारणा तथा तेस्रो लिङ्गीप्रतिको लेखकीय दृष्टिकोणजस्ता मूल अवधारणालाई कृतिविश्लेषणको सैद्धान्तिक आधार मानी निगमनात्मक विधिबाट तथ्यको विश्लेषणपश्चात् समस्याको निरूपण गरिएको छ । यस कथामा ट्रान्सजेन्डर अर्थात् लैङ्गिक अल्पसङ्ख्यकको विषयलाई तिनै पात्रको नायकत्वमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको हुनाले तेस्रो लिङ्गीका समस्या तथा मनोभावना यथार्थ रूपमा प्रस्तुत भएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । यस्तै यस कथामा तेस्रो लिङ्गीका अधिकार र पहिचानको माग गर्दै समाजले हेर्ने दृष्टिकोण र सोचमा परिवर्तनको अपेक्षा भावलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको हुनाले यस कथालाई सन्दिग्धता सिद्धान्तले अघि सारेको अवधारणाका सापेक्षमा हेर्दा तेस्रो लिङ्गीको अस्तित्व तथा पहिचानप्रतिको चेतनायुक्त सशक्त कथाका रूपमा यसलाई लिन सकिने निष्कर्ष पनि यस लेखको रहेको छ ।
श्रीमान् वीरबहादुर कथामा विश्वदृष्टि
Authors: पोख्रेल Pokharel मनमाया Manmaya
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा रामलाल जोशीद्वारा लिखित ‘श्रीमान् वीरबहादुर’ कथामा प्रयुक्त विश्वदृष्टिसम्बन्धी चिन्तन समाजशास्त्रीय मान्यताका आधारमा गरिएको छ । विश्वदृष्टि लुसियन गोल्डम्यानद्वारा प्रतिपादन गरिएको समाज शास्त्रीय अवधारणा हो । समाजका प्रभुत्वशाली वर्ग, अधीनस्थ वर्ग तथा उदीयमान पि“ढी वा समूहको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने आधुनिक युवती तथा पत्रकारको विश्वदृष्टि ‘श्रीमान् वीरबहादुर’ कथामा के कसरी अभिव्यक्त भएका छन् र त्यस्ता विश्वदृष्टि समाजको विश्वदृष्टिसँग समानधर्मी छन् कि छैनन् भन्ने कुरा देखाउनु नै यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । यस लेखमा प्रभुत्वशाली वर्ग तथा अधीनस्थ वर्गका पात्रहरूको विश्वदृष्टि प्रस्तुत गरिनुका साथै उदीयमान पिँढीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने आधुनिक युवती तथा पत्रकारका विश्वदृष्टि प्रस्तुत गर्दै उक्त विश्वदृष्टि र २०६०–७० यताको नेपाली समाजमा विकसित विश्वदृष्टिबिच संरचनात्मक समानधर्मिता पाइएकाले ‘श्रीमान् वीरबहादुर’ कथा समाजशास्त्रीय चिन्तनका दृष्टिले सशक्त बनेको निष्कर्ष यस लेखमा निकालिएको छ । कथा विश्लेषणका लागि निगमनात्मक विधि अपनाइएको छ । यो अध्ययन साहित्यिक अध्ययन भएकाले गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको रहेको छ ।
पल्ली उपन्यासमा स्वैरकल्पना
Authors: पाण्डे Pandey शारदा Sharada
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा साहित्य समालोचनापद्धतिका प्रचलित अवधारणामध्ये स्वैरकल्पनालाई आधार बनाई मोहनराज शर्माको पल्ली उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त स्वैर कल्पनाको निरूपण गरिएको छ । भेटान तोदोरोब, रोजमरी ज्याक्सन, मानलोभ, बोर्मनका स्वैरकल्पनासम्बन्धी अवधारणालाई आधार मानी विवेच्य कृतिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसका लागि पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनका आधारमा सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी पाठविश्लेषण गरिएको छ । मोहनराज शर्माको पल्ली उपन्यासमा यौन विषयक, समाज विषयक र विज्ञान विषयक स्वैरकल्पनाको प्रयोग भएको छ । प्रस्तुत उपन्यास सामान्य मानव परिवेश र जीवन जगत्भन्दा पृथक, अनपत्यारिलो एवम् अतिकाल्पनिक किसिमका वस्तुचयनले स्वैरकाल्पनिक बनेको छ । उपन्यासमा जोनाथनलाई केन्द्रीय चरित्रको रूपमा चित्रण गरी यथार्थको अतिकाल्पनिकता प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भने जनार्दनको यथार्थलाई स्वैरकाल्पनिक ढङ्गले चित्रण गरिएको छ । जोनाथन बाबु स्यामुयलबाट कङ्गाल र हड्डीको कारोबारमा लाग्नु, ग्रिसेली सुन्दरी हेलेनसँग प्रेमको आलिङ्गनमा बाँधिएर चुम्बन लिन खोजेको र इजिप्टेली सुन्दरी क्लियोपेक्ट्रालाई सर्वाङ्ग नग्न देख्नुले स्वैरकाल्पनिक चित्रणमा जोनाथन आएको छ । जोनाथनमा रहेको यौन अतृप्तताले अतिकाल्पनाको विश्वसुन्दरीसँगको प्रेमप्रसङ्ग र कङ्कालको व्यापार गर्नुलाई स्वैरकाल्पनिक कोणबाट बुझ्न सकिन्छ । उपन्यासकारले जोनाथनको नेपाली संस्करणको रूपमा जनार्दनलाई जोड्दै नारी देह बगरमा झर्नु, चन्द्रबाहुले ढोल, नगरा बजाई दासलाई हात्तीले कुल्चाएर मार्नु भयानक त्रासद र अतिकाल्पनिक विषय हुन् । जनार्दनले बाबुको कङ्गालको मूल्यमा यौन व्यवसायीगमनको विषय प्रस्तुत हुनु र जनार्दनको अतृप्त यौनलाई प्रतीकका माध्यमबाट प्रस्तुत गर्नुलाई यो उपन्यासमा स्वैरकल्पनाको प्रयोग छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Impact of Microfinance on Economic and Social Spending Patterns of User Groups- Evidence from Western Hill, Nepal
Authors: Silwal Sudarshan
Published: January 2025

Microfinance refers to financial services such as loans, saving, insurance and other basis banking products. These services are typically offered by MFIs, aiming to empower and support low income and underserved communities who are often excluded from formal banking sector due to the factors like poverty, lack of collateral and limited credit history. This paper delves into the impact of microfinance services on user groups in the Western Hills of Nepal. This research work follows mixed methods approach. Thematic analysis and statistical software have been applied for the analysis of data obtained from the field study. The majority of microfinance users in the study are found female, married, engaged in agriculture, having primary education and using this service for several years mainly for expanding business. As per the answer of the respondents, MFIs cater to the poor and fulfill their needs, improvement in household income, and access to education, healthcare and women participation in economic actives. The study revealed that there is significant increase in monthly income, saving and bank balance, spending on education and small business after the involvement in microfinance service. Consumption and health spending found decreasing, and festival spending remained relatively unchanged after the involvement. High interest rate and loan repayment system found challenging in the study area. This study suggests that there is need to address these challenges to enhance its effectiveness further and ensure financial stability for the microfinance user groups of the study area.
Strategies for Enhancing Co-existence in Diverse Social Groups
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj , Khulal Rupak
Published: January 2025

Co-existence is a pleasing word to converse, but an intricate word to believe and follow in a real-life situation.  This article aims to suggest effective strategies for enhancing co-existence in diverse social groups. To attain these objectives, the secondary data were congregated through a comprehensive review on co-existence and the strategies for enhancing co-existence from books, journal articles, and website materials published from the year 1971 to 2024. The article employed exploratory research and operated thematic analysis as its qualitative research design. It identifies. promoting inclusive education, encouraging intercultural dialogue, supporting community engagement initiatives, implementing anti-discrimination policies, promoting social integration programs, facilitating interfaith initiatives, encouraging multicultural policies, supporting civil society organizations, and promoting economic inclusion as the effective strategies for enhancing co-existence in diverse social groups.  This article provides exquisite insights for leaders, policymakers and citizens, emphasizing that the feeling of co-existence is essential for the overall well-being of a nations and its citizens.
An Empirical Study on E-Commerce and Its Determinants in the Context of Nepalese Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Bhattarai Ganesh , Thapa Pallavi
Published: January 2025

This study explores the factors driving e-commerce adoption among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nepal. It highlights critical determinants influencing the adoption process, such as technological readiness, cost considerations, government support, and entrepreneurial competencies. The research aims to assess the status of these determinants, analyze their interrelationships, and evaluate their collective impact on e-commerce adoption. Employing a descriptive and causal research design, data were collected from 426 SMEs within the Kathmandu Valley region using structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were conducted with SPSS to explore the connections between the identified factors and the adoption of e-commerce. The survey was conducted in August 2024 through a convenience sampling method, and a casual research design was applied. The findings reveal that technological readiness, adoption cost, and entrepreneurial competencies significantly influence e-commerce adoption among SMEs, whereas government support has a minimal positive impact. These results highlight the need for improved technological infrastructure, cost-effective solutions, and targeted government policies to promote e-commerce adoption. This study enhances the understanding of e-commerce adoption in developing contexts and economies. It offers practical insights for policymakers, business owners, and researchers interested in the digital transformation of SMEs.
Human Responses to Pandemics Then and Now: A Comparative Study of Giovanni Boccaccio's the Decameron and Emile St. John Mandel's Station Eleven
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Upadhyay Toya Nath
Published: January 2025

This research work makes a comparative study of Giovanni Boccaccio's The Decameron (1353) and Emile St. John Mandel's Station Eleven (2014) to investigate how they project human responses to pandemics over a time difference of almost seven centuries. The first fictional work belongs to the fourteenth century whereas the second to the twenty-first. The main aim of this study is to critically observe the differences, if any, in human responses to pandemics. Analyzing the texts, drawing on the critical ideas of Frank M. Snowden as a theoretical perspective and collecting data from scholarly publications, the study concludes that there are differences in the outward responses to pandemics but similarities in the basic motive. Human beings liked to flee away from the infected place due to the fear of insecurity there. The methods taken up to minimize the negative impacts of pandemics vary then and now. In the fourteenth century, human beings were religiously guided whereas in the twenty first, they are guided by science and technology. Similarly, in the representation of both pandemics, the role of art is valued greatly. Based on the qualitative research design, this research work obtains data from the library study and uses textual analysis method for data analysis in relation to the research problems. This research is valuable for the general public and the health researchers for developing protective measures in the context of the sudden outbreak of pandemics.
नेपालका कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीहरुको वैचारिक राजनीतिक सङ्घर्ष
Authors: कँडेल Kandel ईश्वरीप्रसाद Ishwariprasad
Published: January 2025

राणाशासन कालमा भएका मानवता विरोघी क्रियाकलाप र आर्थिक असमानता तथा शैक्षिक अधिकार समेतकासामाजिक अधिकारलाई स्थापित गर्ने उद्देश्य लिएर नेपालमा कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी स्थापना भएको देखिन्छ ।पुष्पलाल श्रेष्ठ, नरवहादुर कर्माचार्य, नारायणविलास जोशी, निरञ्जनगोविन्द वैद्य र मोतिदेवी श्रेष्ठ समेतयस पार्टीका संस्थापक सदस्यहरु रहेका थिए। नेपालमा नेपालीहरूले आन्दोलन गरिरहेको वखत भारतमाबेलायती उपनिवेशवादको विरोधमा अहिंसात्मक आन्दोलन चलिरहेको थियो । त्यसैको प्रभाव नेपालमा पनिपरेको पाइन्छ । तात्कालिक राणाशासन कालमा अकल्पनीय मानिएको बहुदलीयव्यवस्था स्थापना गराउनसहज थिएन । राणा शासनको खिलापमा केही राजनीतिक दलहरू क्रियाशील रहेको पृष्ठभूमिमा यस दलस्थापना भएको पाइन्छ । यस दलमा वैचारिक रूपमा आन्तरिक रणनीति र कार्यनीति चलिरहन्थ्यो । यहीक्रममा पार्टीभित्रको आन्तरिक समस्या जीवन्त बन्दै गयो । फलस्वरूप नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको राजनीतिकगतिविधिमा उतारचढाव आउन थाल्यो । नेपाल संवैधानिक राजतन्त्र र लोकतन्त्रात्मक गणतन्त्र स्थापनामायस राजनीतिक दलको महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहेको पाइन्छ । शासनसत्तााको बागडोर सर्वहारावर्गमा रहनुपर्नेयस दलको मूल सिद्धान्त मानिन्छ । तर यस दलले यस किसिमको व्यवहार देखाउन सकेको पाइँदैन ।
स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रममा दिगो विकास लक्ष्यको सान्दर्भिकता
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari बालाकृष्ण Balakrishna , अधिकारी Adhikari मनोज Manoj , उपाध्याय Upadhyaya देवराज Devraj
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत आलेखमा स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रममा दिगो विकास लक्ष्यको सान्दर्भिकताको विमर्श गरिएको छ । नेपालमाराष्ट्रिय पाठ्यक्रम प्रारूप, स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रम निर्देशिका र तदनुकूल स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रम निर्माण गर्ने तथा त्यसको प्रयोग गर्ने प्रक्रिया चलिरहेको छ । यस लेखमा दिगो विकास लक्ष्य ४ को आधारभूत अवधारणा अनुकूल निर्माण गरिएको स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रममा त्यसको सान्दर्भिकताको खोजी गर्ने मूल उद्देश्य बनाइएको छ । उक्त उद्देश्य परिपूर्ति गर्न दिगो विकास लक्ष्यलाई मूल अवधारणात्मक आधार एवं राष्ट्रिय पाठ्यक्रम प्रारूप रस्थानीय पाठ्यक्रम निर्देशिकालाई मुख्य सन्दर्भसामग्री बनाउँदै कागेश्वरी मनोहरा नगरपालिकाको पाठ्यक्रम ‘कागेश्वरी मनोहरा दर्पण’ लाई विश्लेष्य मुख्य आधार सामग्री बनाइएको छ । यस लेखमा दिगो विकासका तीनमुख्य स्तम्भ— सामाजिक रूपान्तरण, आर्थिक विकास र वातावरणीय संरक्षणसँग सम्बद्ध सूचकहरू र्निमाण गरीनिर्धारित पाठ्यक्रमको परिचय, तहगत सक्षमता तथा विषयवस्तु र यसको कक्षागत विस्तृतीकरण आदिमा दिगो विकास लक्ष्यको सान्दर्भिकताको गुणात्मक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सन्दर्भित विश्लेषणबाट स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रममा दिगो विकास लक्ष्यको सैद्धान्तिक सान्दर्भिकता पर्याप्त देखिए पनि बहुआयामिक कारणहरूले गर्दा यसको प्रायोगिक कार्यान्वयनमा प्रशस्त चुनौती रहेको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
A Comparative Study of Supervised Machine Learning Techniques for Water Leakage Prediction in Drill and Blast Excavated Water Tunnels in the Himalayan Region
Authors: Thapa Jyoti , Ghimire Biplove , Bhusal Bikram
Published: January 2025

In the Himalayan region, drill and blast (DB) method excavated water tunnels often pass through complex geological rock mass conditions which were formed with frequent tectonic movements. Due to these tectonic movements, the rock mass conditions in the Himalayas are highly faulted, folded, jointed, sheared, and fractured. The geological formations are the pathway for the water ingress and leakage out in the water tunnel. This water leakage in the tunnel causes a complicated geological hazard, which significantly increases tunnel instability and can lead to a delay in completion time and finally increase the cost of the tunnel project. Therefore, an efficient water ingress/leakage prediction model is essential to mitigate these challenges. In this research, various field data such as rock mass properties, topography, and permeability data sets were collected from the Nilgiri-II Hydroelectric project water tunnel. These real-time field datasets have been used for comprehensive assessment and to predict the water ingress/leakage in the water tunnel by using four supervised machine learning (ML) approaches such as Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree (DT) regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Random Forest (RF) regression models. It was observed that the KNN shows the best regression performance of 93% followed by RF of 92%, DT of 86%, and SVR of 66%. Therefore, all these machine learning approaches show good performance in predicting water ingress/leakage based on real field data except the SVR model.
تنقيب بيانات المصارف العراقية للفترة 2015-2018باستخدام أسلوب التصويرالمرئي
Authors: م.م. منى كاظم جوي  , م.م. عبير كاظم عليوي
Published: January 2025

يعد القطاع المصرفي من أهم القطاعات الاقتصادية لدوره الفاعل في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية من خلال تأثيره المباشر في تمويل استثمارات الوحدات الاقتصادية ، لذا يعد مساهمة هذا القطاع في أسواق المال داعما" مهما لعملية التنمية ، إذ يتم التنقيب عن بياناته للتحقق من مستوى تلك المساهمة ورفع كفاءة أدائه ، هدف البحث إلى استخدام تقنية التنقيب عن بيانات القطاع المصرفي في العراق لغرض إظهار ومقارنة مؤشرات التداول الخاصة بالمصارف المسجلة ضمن تقارير سوق العراق للأوراق المالية للفترة (2015-2018) ، استخدمنا بعض الأساليب الإحصائية باستخدام أسلوب التصوير المرئي ، وأظهرت النتائج لعام 2016 بأنها أفضل مؤشرات التداول للقطاع المصرفي عن باقي سنوات البحث حيث بلغ حجم التداول (382629419894.07) مليار ديناراً عراقياً بينما بلغ عدد الأسهم المتداولة (964183615753) سهم ، أما في عام 2017 كان هناك انخفاض في مؤشرات حجم التداول للقطاع المصرفي عن باقي السنوات إذ بلغ حجم التداول (17609202507) مليار ديناراً عراقياً بينما بلغ عدد الأسهم المتداولة (3120294171) سهم. ومن اهم التوصيات الخاصة بالبحث هي استخدام أكثر من تقنية من تقنيات تنقيب البيانات لأغراض المقارنة للوصول إلى قرارات معرفية أفضل ، وكذلك دعم وترسيخ حضور القطاع المصرفي في الأسواق المحلية والعالمية وانتهاج سياسة مدروسة كسياسة الاندماج والتحالف لتعزيز وتوسيع حصته السوقية وقدرته التنافسية .