bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centralisation et décentralisation des Archives en Angleterre et au pays de Galles
Authors: Nicol Alexandra
Published: March 2017

Centralization and décentralisation of archives in England and Wales.

The paper traces the different archive service provided by the Public Record Office, the local record offices and the «specialised repositories ». For the public records the once scattered storage is now quite centralized as is the archive service for the records of Central Government regulated by the Public Records Act 1958. There is no obligation on local authorities to provide an archive service and the services offered vary widely. The " specialised repositories " house the records of the organisations which they service and are most often private to those organisations. The links between these different services are provided by public records deposited outside the Public Record Office, by the Historical Manuscripts Commission and by various professional associations. Discussion on a National Archives Policy continues : there is not one at the moment.
Les Archives de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Un service récemment organisé
Authors: Guyotjeannin Olivier
Published: March 2017

The French Islands of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, a Département d'Outre-Mer (" Overseas Département ") since 1976, keep a few documents of the i8th Century and some public archives, som of which quite substantial, since 1816. They are an essential source for the history of the Islands and of fishing on Newfoundland Banks. An Archives départementales service has been created in 1981. This article describes its administrative organisation, physical arrangements, material equipment, and gives an account of its first activities : physical protection of documents, arrangement and description of archives, census of private (non-public) archives in the Département, educational service, cultural activities, relations with French and Canadian Archives.
Les séries closes des Archives départementales : état des classements
Authors: Joly Bertrand
Published: March 2017

The arrangement of " closed groups " in Departmental Archives.

The author makes a survey of " closed groups " in Departmental (— provincial) Archives, i.e. documents prior to 1940, and their state of arrangement, after the Etat des inventaires published in October 1984. Only " séries " A, B, C, D, G, H, I and are taken into account ; the other " séries " are left aside, either because they are still considered as " open " (E, F, J), or incomplète (U), or because there are unsolved problems of delimitation with " série " W (documents after 1940). The groups which have been more frequently arranged and described are ecclesiastical archives prior to 1790 (G and H), followed by archives of civil administration prior to 1800 (C and L). Judicial archives before 1790 (B) seem to attract much attention. Such a survey can, according to each reader's temperament, provoke an optimistic reaction (much work has already been done) or a pessimistic one (much remains to do). Two conclusions are drawn by the author : first, the work of arranging and describing historical archives cannot proceed quicker than a certain speed, considering the many tasks which are required from the archivist ; secondly, the fact that older archives are more and more neglected by the researchers for the benefit of modem archives raises the question whether it is still worth-while to process them, and for whom.
Index thématiques, tableaux méthodiques et thésaurus : luxe ou nécessité ?
Authors: Vallée Aline
Published: March 2017

Thematical indexes, methodical tables, and thésaurus : are they a luxury or a necessity ?

The author raises some questions about the new methods of archival arrangement, in the light of ADP and the new needs its creates. Any archival arrangement, whether of modem or historical documents, implies really a work of intellectual synthesis : an effort of thought especially significant at the level of language, for the choice of terms in the thematical index, which has to be done before writing the finding aid, not after. The author emphasizes the difficulty of creating a documentary language, taking as examples four well-known inventories of the Archives nationales. She then describes the successive phases of the elaboration of a thesaurus, the techniques of cross-indexing, and the subsequent creation of a vocabulary that is supple, open, and with self-evident internal relations. The obstacles to these new archival are still many in our profession : refusal of documentary techniques, mistrust for ADP, fear to call in question traditional attitudes of mind and working practices. However, some individual initiatives have been taken and should be pursued, especially in the field of modem records in departmental (= provincial) archives : for instance, the methodical tables proposed by F.-J. Himly for the Archives of Bas-Rhin. At least one thing is evident : the necessity not to confine ourselves to the traditional field of archives, but to interest ourselves in the experiences of libraries, universities, and scientific research.
La préservation des photographies. Notes sur un colloque récent
Authors: Cartier Bresson Anne , Quétin Michel
Published: March 2017

The preservation of photographs.

This article is the account of a symposium held in Paris on 17 and 18 November 1984, on the initiative of the Municipality of Paris, on preservation and restoration of photographs. On the first day, dedicated to technology and structure of photographie pictures, Mr. Grant Romer (USA) reported on the history and making of daguerreotypes ; Mr. James Reilly (USA) on a method of identification of old prints ; Mr. Jacques Pouradier (France) on the processing of manufacture and stability of pictures ; Mme Flieder (France, CNRS) on the effects of environment on the conservation of photographie materials. On the second day, dedicated to repair of damaged materials, Miss Anne Cartier-Bresson (France) reported on the methods and work of the recently created restoration workshop for photographs of the Town of Paris ; Mr. Siegfried Rempel (USA) on the results in analysis and restoration obtained by the Research Centre of the University of Texas, Austin ; Mr. Lavédrine (France, CNRS) on the work of the French Research Centre on the Conservation of Graphie Documents ; and Mrs. Sudre (France) on an experience in reproduction of original prints. Several round tables, after each session, dealt with the main public collections of photographs and laboratories, and fruitful debates followed.
La conservation des archives présidentielles aux États-Unis
Authors: Canavaggio Perrine
Published: March 2017

The preservation of presidential papers in the United States.

After having been private property for 180 years, the American Presidential papers are presumed to belong to the nation since the 1978 Act. This change in their status did not affect the principle of their préservation in the presidential libraries, built with private funds but maintained by the National Archives and Records Service. From their creation in the White House, the records of the President and his staff are managed within the prospect of their final transfer into a presidential library. The 1978 Act introduced both precise and liberal rules of public access to presidential papers.
L'instruction du 31 décembre 1979 sur le traitement des documents des archives départementales postérieurs à 1940
Authors: Cleyet-Michaud Rosine
Published: March 2017

Rosine Cleyet-Michaud, Der Erlass vom 31. Dezember 1979 bezüglich der Behandlung von Dokumenten der Departementalarchive nach 1940.

Das Volumen der behordlichen Abgaben und die verkürzten Sperrfristen fur Dokumente, gemäss dem Gesetz vom 3. Januar 1979, haben durch den Erlass vom 31. Dezember 1979 zur Abschaffung der Klassifikation von 1841 fur Abgaben nach 1940 gefûhrt. An deren Stelle trat eine fortlaufende Verzeichnung mit drei Elementen (Abgabenummer, der Buchstabe «W », Ordnungsnummer der Akte) sowie die Einfiïhrung neuer und schnellerer Behandlungsmethoden (Suchinstrumente auf der Basis von normalisierten und indizierten Abgabelisten, mit oder ohne Ruckgriff auf EDV).
La place de l'informatique aux Archives
Authors: Ducrot Marie-Odile
Published: March 2017

Informatik im Archiv.

Die Informatik eröffnet den Archivaren neue Perspektiven, namentlich im Bereich der Dokumentation. Eine echte Intégration in die Archivistik dieser in fortlaufender Entwicklung begriffenen Techniken stellt jedoch verschiedenartige Problème grundsätzlicher Natur (Marie-Odile Ducrot, Die Rolle der Informatik im Archiv ). Gemeinsame Uberlegungen haben es Odile Ducrot, Die Rolle der Informatik im Archiv), Gemeinsame Uberlegungen haben es ermöglicht, bei der Behandlung neueren Registraturguts Fortschritte zu erzielen, insbesondere fur Datenerfassungs-Formulare sowie Indexierungs-Vokabular (Ariette Playoust, Die Informa-tisierung neueren Registraturguts : Bilanz gewonnener Erfahrungen, Empfehlungen). Spürbare Fortschritte wurden auch bei der Verzeichnung alter Bestände erreicht, insbesondere bei den Indices (Aline Vallée, Die Informatik im Dienst geschlossener Bestànde : Uberlegungen zu den im Nationalarchiv gemachten Erfahrungen). Das Centre d'accueil et de recherche des Archives nationales (Caran) schliesslich bedient sich einer originellen Mikro-Netzwerk-Architektur (Gérard Ermisse, Die Informatik im «Caran »). Ein kurzes Verzeichnis des vorhandenen Materials und der Programme in den Departementalarchiven beschliesst dieses Kapitel.
Les archives d'architecture et d'urbanisme
Authors: Babelon Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2017

Jean-Pierre Babelon, Architektur-und Städteplanungsarchivgut.

Die Aufbewahrung des Architektur, Bauwesen und Städteplanung betreffenden Archivguts stellt gegenwärtig ein besonders wichtiges Problem dar. Das im allgemeinen fur moderne Architektur bezeugte Interesse und die Entdeckung gewisser in Vergessenheit geratener Werte einerseits, die ständig zunehmende Verwendung von Bildern seitens der Geschichtsschreiber andererseits sind für diejenigen, denen öffentliche Sammlungen anvertraut sind, ein Ansporn, Mittel zu finden, um nicht nur die von Behorden, denen Bauwesen und Gebietsplanung obliegen, stammenden Bestände zu erkunden, käuflich zu erstehen und zu behandeln, sondern auch das Archivgut der Architektenbüros. Die immer höheren Preise fur Architektenzeichnungen auf dem Weltmarkt erschweren ein solches Eingreifen, aber man muss versuchen, nicht wiedergutzumachende Versprengungen in alle Welt zu vermeiden. Das gemeinsame Wirken mit eigens zu diesem Behuf im Kreise der Architekten und Architekturschulen geschaffenen und bisweilen von den Gemeindeverwaltungen geförderten Vereinigungen scheint einer der zur Gewährleistung dieser Sicherstellung gangbaren Wege zu sein. Mit dem kurzlich von der Archivdirektion mit dem französischen Architekturinstitut unterzeichneten Abkommen wird diese Absicherungspolitik am greifbarsten in die Tat umgesetzt.
Les Archives nationales d'Haïti : près de deux siècles d'histoire, un nouveau départ
Authors: Bertrand Jean-Wilfrid
Published: March 2017

The National Archives of Haiti.

The dilapidation of archives, the absence of any specific archival legislation before 1860, insufficient régulations after that date, incessant changes in the ministerial organization, and finally the réduction of the Archives nationales to the mere role of a civil register office : such are the setbacks which the National Archives of Haiti have met with until 1983. Since then, a drastic reorganization and the appointment of a new directorship have led to the rénovation and partial reequipment of the building, the enactment of a new archivai law (1984), an increase of 75 % of the budget, an improvement of the professional level of the personnel, the création of a repair workshop (1987), the beginning of the arrangement and microfiching of the archives, and the launching of a policy of sensitization both on the national and international scale. Among the projects for next years are the extension of the building, the création of a micrography workshop, a programme for the training of archivists, an extension outside the capital, and a campaign of salvage of private records.
Deux archivistes au pays des Soviets. Paris-Moscou-Aschkhabad, 24 août-6 septembre 1987
Authors: Ermisse Gérard , René-Bazin Paule
Published: March 2017

Two archivists in the country of the Soviets : Paris-Moscow-Aschkabad, 24 August-6 September 1987.

At the end of a two-week archivai mission in the Soviet Union, organized according to the convention of 1976 between the Direction des Archives de France and the General Directorate of State Archives of the USSR, endorsed by the Joint Franco-Sovietic Commission of 1987, the authors describe the Sovietic archivai system. The " Unique Fonds " which is constitued by the whole of the public archives in the Union is deconcentrated in seven catégories of archivai repositories (central repositories, territorial repositories — from " republican " to municipal — , "autonomous" repositories, intermediate repositories), but they are actually administered in a very centralized fashion. For instance, the standards which are enacted by the Fédéral Institute on Archivai Research (VNIIDAD) are compulsory for ail the administrative bodies since the création of the documents. The staff of the archives are numerous and have an intensive professional training, the archives are carefully preserved, but the equipment does not seem to be very modem, except the ADP equipment. Public access to the documents is strictly controlled.
Le projet « Thalie » ou l'informatique au service de l'histoire
Authors: KRAKOVITCH Odile , Roussel Anne
Published: March 2017

Odile Krakovitch and Anne Roussel, The programme Thalie : ADP at the service of history.

The manuscripts of the plays which were submitted to censorship between 1800 and 1906 are preserved in the Archives nationales, a bulk of about 26,000 plays (anonymous) of all kinds, half of which were never published or acted. Only the inventory of the first 2,500 items of the fonds has been published, covering the years 1800-1830. In order to hasten the publication of the inventory of the remaining part, a special ADP programme has been prepared for the arrangement and indexing of the existing card index. The authors explain the method which was adopted for the choice of the various elements in the data preparation, and the solutions which were given to the problems encountered in the creation of the indexes.
Les archives communales ont célébré le bicentenaire de la Révolution française
Authors: de Peretti Pierre
Published: March 2017

Pierre de Peretti, How municipal archives commemorated the Bicentenary of the French Revolution.

The " Municipal Archives " Section of the Association des Archivistes français made a survey among some 200 municipal archivists (of big and smaller towns) in order to summarize their various achievements on the occasion of the Bicentenary of the French Revolution. The survey revealed an obvious lack of interest for the commemoration, especially in the South-West and the East : only 1/3 replied to the questionnaire, few have participated in more than one realization (even, paradoxically, in the bigger cities), only half of them have disposed of a specific budget for the occasion, and the most frequent actions were of a traditional kind, such as exhibitions or documentary publications. Only a very few answers alluded to realizations of an innovating character (two street feasts, two symposia, three theatre plays). This shows how little is the place which the cultural action so far has in the preoccupations and mental picture of municipal archivists in France.
L'archiviste d'entreprise : portrait d'un homme nouveau
Authors: Dessolin Baumann Sylvie
Published: March 2017

Sylvie Dessolin-Baumann, The business archivist : a portrait of a «new man».

The care for the preservation of business archives is in France a recent phenomenon, at least within the enterprises themselves. Since about twenty years, many enterprises have created archive services with professional archivists, so that a new category of «archivists of the third type» has emerged, different from those colleagues who work for the State or the local authorities. The contrast between the situation of public archives and business archives explains this difference : in business archives there have been years of neglect, resulting in many errors in the arrangement and physical preservation ; frequent changes in the structure of the enterprises (internal organization, mergings) have made it difficult to identify the provenance of the documents ; and few normative texts exist which could ground a professional practice. However, a good management of the «memory» of the enterprises is more and more recognised as a necessity for the good functioning of business activities, though in many cases the archivist still has to play a role of public relations in order to justify his/her own existence in the enterprise. He/she has to integrate the archives in the global information system of the enterprise in order to prove that his/her capacities are not limited to the management of the enterprise's memory in its traditional form. The business archivist, as a homo novus, must have specific qualities, such as a taste for innovation and a talent for training and information. He/she also must master quite a number of tools which are necessary for the life of the enterprise, such as accounting, management techniques, and documentary automation.
La section de documentation contemporaine des Archives d'Ille-et-Vilaine
Authors: Robert Marie-José
Published: March 2017

Marie-José Robert, The " Section of Modem Documentation " in the Departemental Archives of Ille-et-Vilaine.

The " Section of Modem Documentation " is part of the Departemental (i. e. Provincial) Archives of Ille-et-Vilaine (Brittany). Its aim is to illustrate all the aspects of everyday life in Brittany since 1940. The arrangement schedule, which intends to be complete, comprises documentary files (composed of press cuttings) and a library (composed of brochures, pamphlets, articles, etc.), with cross-references from one to the other. A third part of the Section comprises the periodicals and the official publications, with an automated system of indexation which multiplies the trails for research. Such a Section is a useful supplement to the archives proper, thanks to its accessibility. It is also a means of access to the archives, and in some cases it can replace non-existent archives. It is likely that that kind of institution will become a current feature of archive services in the future.
Informatique et Archives municipales : l'exemple de Grenoble, Lyon et Saint-Étienne
Authors: Ollion Michel
Published: March 2017

Michel Ollion, Automation in Municipal Archives : the example of Grenoble, Lyon and

Saint-Étienne.

The author summarizes the basic data (personnel, length of shelving, ADP equipment) on the municipal archives of these three big towns of South-East France. He compares the steps which were taken in each case to start the automation, laying stress on the obstacles that had to be avoided. He deals with the problems of the vocabulary used for the automation of transfers, and of the relations with ADP professionals. He tries to define the respective role of archivists and ADP professionals in the future extension of automated systems, which are necessarily evolutive.
Le programme Arkheia aux Archives départementales de la Haute-Loire
Authors: Colombani Louis , Framond Martin de
Published: March 2017

Louis Colombani and Martin de Framond, The system Arkheia in the Départemental Archives of Haute-Loire.

The system Arkheia, in its present form, deals only with the management of the reading room and the reception of transfers. It is a «light» system, which privileges the functions of space management and of the production of archives to their users, more than the documentary information retrieval. A global programme for all the archival functions, which would have needed a general indexation of the whole holdings, was not adopted, because it was considered to be too «heavy» and expensive, and therefore more convenient for larger archives services.
Les archives d'après les Lieux de mémoire : passage obligé de l'Histoire à la Mémoire
Authors: Krakovitch Odile
Published: March 2017

Archives according to Les lieux de mémoire : moving from history to memory.

The last volumes of Les lieux de mémoire appeared at the beginning of 1993. In this critical examination of places, men, ideas, events and institutions upon which French national memory is built, a spécial chapter deals with archives and proves that they belong to history and to memory at the same time. To history, as documents telling of visible facts, thus making the work of historians possible ; to memory, as monuments testifying to that which is not (or no longer) visible, making it possible to remember. The present paper analyses this distinction from the point of view of our profession, revealing implicit criticism of the «positivist» frame of mind in which archivists go about their duties. Consequently, the latter should take up the challenge and seize this opportunity to reflect on their responsibility in the making of our archivai héritage and its communication to the public.
L'organisation des archives intermédiaires : du wagon de tête au wagon de queue. Expérience canadienne et québécoise et comparaison internationale
Authors: Couture Carol
Published: March 2017

Carol Couture, Organizing semi-current records : from the front to the tail coach Canadian and Québécois experience and international comparison.

Canada and particularly Quebec are promoting an integrated form of archives administration, that stresses continuity in management and accomplishes an organizational policy for archives in a broad meaning. The National Archives of Canada, and of Quebec received responsibility for managing semi-current records and succeeded in greatly reducing their conservation cost. A survey sent to 26 countries in all 5 continents demonstrated that records management was not in general very developed, but that a consensus favored an enlarged définition of archives as well as an increasing involvement of archivists.
La Registratur: un instrument d'organisation et de direction des processus de décision
Authors: Menne Haritz Angelika
Published: March 2017

Angelike Menne-Haritz, Die Registratur : ein Organisations-und Fuhrungsinstrument bei Entscheidungsprozessen.

Die Registratur ist im 17. Jarhundert entstanden, zu einer Zeit, als nach Ende des Dreissigjährigen Kriegs Institutionen und Behördenapparate sich rekonstituierten. Sie hat kollegiale Traditionen in burokratische Verwaltungen weitergetragen und dabei neue funktionen ubernommen. Heutzutage kann diese Methode, trotz aller Kritik and der Effizienz der Verwaltungsarbeit und der Tatsache, dass es eine Theorie der Registratur (welche eine Funktion und kein Beruf ist) nicht gibt, erneut ihre Nutzlichkeit erweisen fur den Zugang zur Information in den Büros, wo durch Computer und Telekommunikation der Unterschied zwischen Mundlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit aufgehoben wird. Sie ermöglicht es, den Entschei-dungsprozess zu planen, zu initiieren und zu steuern, indem sie ihm die Logistik bereitstellt.
La pratique d'un bureau de conseil auprès des services administratifs
Authors: Fournier Delphine
Published: March 2017

Delphine Fournier, A consulting agency's work with administrative services.

A consultants intervention does not rival, but complétés the archivist's work with public or private creating agencies. The personnalized consultancy offered by van Dijk starts with a short training session, designed for managers as well as for secretaries, and continues with field assistance. The consultant, who needs to acquire a road knowledge of the service and to create a favorable climate, follows an extensive définition of archiving. Thus, he may organize the filing and security systems of office computer média, replace a series of general files by a reference base, structure the technical documentation of companies aiming for the Quality label, or install office computer tools which make current records management easier (editing statistics and records schedules of accountancy records).
La mission des Archives de France pour connaître les photographies conservées dans les services publics d'archives
Authors: Quétin Michel
Published: March 2017

Après une longue période de désintérêt à leur égard, les photographies acquirent, en France du moins, au cours des trois dernières décennies, de l'importance dans les domaines artistique, scientifique, ethnologique et historique, dont il fallait tenir compte. Au sein de la direction des Archives de France, prit naissance, à partir de 1995, une mission dont la première tâche fut de mettre en œuvre un recensement susceptible de servir de base à la définition des programmes de traitements assortis de priorités applicables dans les archives publiques, nationales, départementales et communales aux documents photographiques. Après avoir dressé un premier bilan de l'action entreprise, le responsable de cette mission tente de tirer quelques enseignements pour l'avenir.
Les archives, une source de premier ordre pour les historiens de la photographie
Authors: Denoyelle Françoise
Published: March 2017

Les fonds de photographies, en France, sont conservés dans de multiples institutions. Écrire leur histoire s'avère souvent difficile voire impossible faute d'archives les concernant. A travers plusieurs exemples l'auteur analyse les difficultés rencontrées par le chercheur et les stra tégies déployées pour reconstituer l'histoire des studios de photographie, des agences de presse. Sont ainsi évoqués les agences de presse Roi, Meurisse, les studios Henri Manuel, Harcourt, Vigneau.

Ces quelques exemples soulignent l'apport incomparable des archives à l'élaboration de l'histoire de la photographie.
L'École de Sèvres
Authors: Jayot Franz
Published: March 2017

La grande école de Sèvres en photographie est marquée par la personnalité du physicien chimiste et membre de l'Académie des Sciences Victor Regnault. Elle est exempte de toute influence des écoles de peinture et met en scène, outre les porcelaines de Sèvres, les paysages de Sèvres ou de ses environs ; elle utilise les divers procédés photographiques avec une dilection pour la calotypie. Elle s'achève vers 1871 lorsque Regnault quitte la présidence de la Société française de la photographie ; lui succède alors la Petite école de Sèvres, dirigée par les peintres et les artistes de la Manufacture.
Photographie de mairie : témoin de la métamorphose des villes
Authors: Rapaich Daniel
Published: March 2017

Après une présentation de l'Union nationale des photographes d'administrations et de collectivités territoriales (UNPACT), Daniel Rapaich a exposé les spécificités du travail de photographe au sein d'une collectivité territoriale : professionnalisme, grande disponibilité. Il s'est ensuite attaché à faire le point sur les rapports entre les photographes et les archivistes municipaux. Le bilan étant loin d'être satisfaisant, il apparaîtrait judicieux d'établir des passerelles entre les deux associations afin de mieux connaître les spécificités de nos métiers respectifs et d'engager une collaboration dans l'intérêt d'une meilleure conservation des documents photographiques.
Les attentes des professionnels
Authors: Mosser Françoise
Published: March 2017

Il existe de nombreuses études et réflexions sur les publics des archives, mais celles-ci ont été conduites «en interne » et traduisent le regard de la profession. En raison du nombre et de la variété des publics qui approchent aujourd'hui les archives, leurs responsables ont besoin de mettre en œuvre des enquêtes approfondies permettant de mieux connaître ces publics et de les interroger sur leurs pratiques et leurs attentes, afin de trouver des réponses adaptées à des demandes toujours plus diverses et de rassembler les données nécessaires à l'élaboration d'un projet culturel pour les archives.
Le guichet unique de greffe
Authors: Dimanche Jean-Louis
Published: March 2017

Le Guichet Unique de Greffe, axe prioritaire du plan de modernisation de la Justice, s'articule autour d'un accueil personnalisé du justiciable qui doit trouver dans cette structure toutes les réponses à ses démarches, qu'elles relèvent du Tribunal de Grande Instance, du Tribunal d'Instance ou du Conseil des Prud'Hommes, sans toutefois empiéter sur le domaine réservé aux auxiliaires de justices (avocats, notaires ou huissiers) .

Il demande des agents, une écoute, une disponibilité, une compétence élargie, ainsi que des locaux clairs, accueillants et respectant la confidentialité.
L'atelier d'histoire locale de Seine-et-Marne
Authors: Rambaud Isabelle
Published: March 2017

De 1993 à 1999, la Seine-et-Marne a ouvert au public un atelier, laboratoire de recherche en histoire locale.

En 7 ans, à raison d'une vingtaine de stagiaires par an pilotés par un partenaire extérieur (professeur-relais du service éducatif des Archives ou salarié d'une association patrimoniale), environ 140 personnes ont été concernées. Ce faible nombre associé à un coût de formation élevé (environ 45000 F/an hors publication) a conduit à une transformation complète de cet atelier en septembre 1999.
Le permis de construire : l'exemple de Saint-Etienne
Authors: Marin Anne-Catherine
Published: March 2017

Note synthétique sur le contexte historique et réglementaire du permis de construire, suivie de la composition des dossiers de permis et de travaux exemptés de permis mentionnant la pratique du tri dans ces derniers aux Archives municipales de Saint-Étienne.
Une Cité au service des archives
Authors: Galland Bruno
Published: March 2017

L'annonce par le Président de la République, en mars 2004, de la construction d'un nouveau site des Archives nationales à Saint-Denis-Pierrefitte permet de revenir sur le «combat exemplaire » en faveur de ce projet, qui a mobilisé tout le réseau archivistique français, mais aussi d'évoquer les enjeux liés au nouveau centre et, notamment, ceux qui ont trait aux relations entre les Archives nationales et les archives territoriales.
Les Archives à la rencontre de leur public. Les services éducatifs
Authors: James-Sarazin Ariane , Rambaud Isabelle
Published: March 2017

Introduire au sein d'un service d'archives un «service éducatif » a d'abord procédé d'une action volontariste des archivistes, avant de devenir mission légale en 1983. En tant que dépositaires des sources historiques, les Archives ont toujours été intimement liées à l'histoire, et donc à l'enseignement. Le premier service éducatif fut créé aux Archives nationales en 1950 et aux Archives départementales du Puy-de-Dôme en 1951. En 1985, tout le réseau départemental était couvert. Cependant, l'évolution des prises en charge politiques des archives et l'évolution des publics ont fortement influencé la nature et le contenu des services éducatifs jusqu'à les associer, voire les englober, dans des structures plus larges de type «services des publics » ou «services éducatifs et culturels ». Au terme de plus de cinquante ans de pratique en France, une typologie des actions menées ici et là peut enfin être élaborée, née de la volonté conjointe des archivistes, des enseignants et de leurs partenaires de créer une offre culturelle et pédagogique citoyenne et originale.
Les archives à voix haute
Authors: Ursch Jacqueline
Published: March 2017

Rencontrer, toucher d'autres publics : c'est l'expérience des «lectures d'archives à voix haute » menée par les Archives départementales des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. Traces d'une réalité passée, sources de connaissance... les archives sont aussi une source d'émotion. Et les Dire, c'est partager le goût de l'archive, c'est faire découvrir autrement l'histoire et la richesse du patrimoine archivistique, pour donner une meilleure compréhension d'une société, d'une époque, d'un lieu, pour une appropriation par tous d'une histoire individuelle et collective. Le son des mots donne du sens aux mots écrits.
Hygiene of Toys in Day Care Centers: a Care With Children
Authors: Pires Cogo Simão Evelise , Aparecida Prata Rafaela , Moreira Zornoff Denise Cássia , Corrêa Ione
Published: March 2017

Objective: to investigate how the hygiene of the toys used in day care centers and the possible tendencies in the processes are done.

Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study, having as a unit of observation 51 day care centers. The object of investigation was the toy hygiene procedure, in which the information on the variables was obtained by interview and recorded in an online questionnaire.

Results: It was observed that water and soap was the most used method of hygiene (72.5%) and the periodicity of cleaning was 2 times a month or more in 50% of the units interviewed, and six nurseries declared no Such procedure.

Conclusion: there was no standardized procedures in the toy hygiene technique used in the sample of nurseries studied. Although most institutions demonstrate intent to carry out the toy hygiene procedure, it is necessary to equip practitioners to deal with this issue.

Descriptors: Day Care Centers; Fomites; Disinfection; Play Sets and Toys; Nursing.
Reactivation of Retinopathy of Prematurity Three Years After Treatment With Bevacizumab
Authors: Hajrasouliha Amir R. , Garcia-Gonzales Jose M. , Shapiro Michael J. , Yoon Hawke , Blair Michael P.
Published: March 2017

Although intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (IVA) can induce rapid regression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), late reactivation of the ROP can occur in the form of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) from contracted recurrent extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation. The authors report a case of bilateral TRD for recurrent ROP in a 3-year-old, which is the latest-reported reactivation to date. The authors propose that persistent avascular retina in eyes that have undergone IVA for ROP receive laser ablation to prevent late recurrences.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:255–259.

]
Traditional transformations and transmedial affirmations: Blurring the boundaries of Sherlockian fan practices
Authors: Polasek Ashley D.
Published: March 2017

The modes of discourse employed by fans of Sherlock Holmes represent both affirmational and transformational impulses. As the fan community has grown and diversified, tensions have arisen between Sherlockians who prefer to utilize traditional frameworks dating back to the early practices of the Baker Street Irregulars in the 1930s and '40s and those who operate primarily in virtual spaces and utilize 21st-century digital platforms as frameworks for their discourse. Because the demographics of affirmational fans tend to align with those of fans preferring traditional frameworks, and conversely, the demographics of transformational fans tend to align with those of fans preferring transmedial frameworks, the styles of engagement often become conflated with the impulses driving the discourse itself. By first examining these tensions and then utilizing case studies that illustrate the four combinations of frameworks and modes of discourse—traditional-affirmational, transmedial-affirmational, traditional-transformational, and transmedial-transformational—I seek to complicate the boundaries that appear to divide the larger Sherlock Holmes fan community. I will demonstrate that the twin fannish impulses to affirm the text and transform it have operated not at odds but in parallel throughout the history of the fandom.
A Review of the Social Entrepreneurship Phenomenon
Authors: Silva Andrea Carolina , Poza Carlos
Published: March 2017

Entrepreneurship analyzes a very wide field of study and, at the same time, it converges with many topics, including the characteristics of entrepreneur, conditions that favor entrepreneurship, resources and funding sources, legislation, family businesses, succession protocols, learning and teaching of creating enterprise, and typologies of entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is characterized by its input in creating value, and given the activities carried out by entrepreneurs, they have a big social impact, especially in communities and vulnerable groups but not exclusively, as many social entrepreneurial initiatives are forms of social benefit, and they do not circumscribe to particular conditions of vulnerability.
Inclusive Entrepreneurship for the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Thuse Aniruddha Vilas
Published: March 2017

An inclusion of entrepreneurship practices within organization is outcome of its style and culture. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises or MSMEs in developing countries are needed to be much innovative by replacing the traditional ways of running their businesses. Knowledge Management in all functional processes is unavoidable insertion for them now days. In this chapter, the focus is thrown on this important aspect. The necessary information is collected from the secondary published data about the MSME sector in India and other Asian countries. This chapter will highlight the essentials of entrepreneurship for the MSME and is attempted to provide suggestions to the selected groups as far their productive development is considered. The MSME sector of India is taken as a study- base for discussion. But the applications are suitable for the MSME in other developing countries also.
Business Creation Based on Entrepreneurial Potential, Students' Characteristics and Gender
Authors: Rua Orlando Lima
Published: March 2017

The main goal of this article is the joint analysis of the dimensions of the entrepreneurial potential, students' entrepreneurial characteristics and gender of the Portuguese Polytechnic higher education students. For this purpose, we use a quantitative methodological approach, having applied a questionnaire to a sample of students enrolled in the entrepreneurship curricular unit of the School of Accounting and Administration (ISCAP), of the Polytechnic of Porto. Based on data collection from 227 undergraduate students in entrepreneurship from Portugal, the results allow us to conclude that personal desirability and students' entrepreneurial characteristics positively enhances the intention to start a business. On the other hand, perceived difficulties negatively enhances that intention. Finally, we've confirmed that the male students are more associated with intentions to start a business than female gender.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organizational Learning Ability Analysis for Innovation and Firm Performance
Authors: Maroofi Fakhraddin
Published: March 2017

Organizational Learning Ability (OLA) and innovation performance playing a mediating role in the Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and firm performance, as per this research. Results also suggest that EO improves OLA and innovation performance, which in turn improves firm performance. Innovation performance performs as a mediating variable between EO and firm performance. Our findings make an important contribution to the recent extension of the EO–firm performance research stream focusing on the intermediate links between EO and firm performance. In this paper, we also suggest that the relationship between EO and innovation performance cannot studied ?as a direct relationship, but it is also conditional or dependent on OLA, the organizational factors that facilitate the organizational learning process. EO is a managerial attitude that must be support by certain organizational conditions that facilitate learning and have positive implications for performance. The results support our conceptual model and show its utility in illustrating differences in intra-industry firm performance.
Distinctiveness of Techno-Entrepreneurship
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

Techno-Entrepreneurship referred by many as ‘Technology Entrepreneurship' usually denotes a vehicle or means to facilitate prosperity in individuals, firms, regions, and nations. The study of techno-entrepreneurship therefore, serves an important function beyond satisfying intellectual curiosity. Techno-entrepreneurship lies at the heart of many important debates, including those around launching and growing firms, regional economic development, selecting the appropriate stakeholders to take ideas to markets, and educating managers, engineers, and scientists. Through in depth literature review, analysis of secondary data, and keen observation the purpose of this paper is to understand the genesis of techno-entrepreneurship, distinctiveness of techno-entrepreneurship, provide a holistic definition and attempt to identify aspects relative to economics, entrepreneurship, and management.
Social and Civic Entrepreneurship in Lebanon and the Middle East
Authors: Chukri Salaheddine M.
Published: March 2017

The Middle East has acknowledged the importance and need of entrepreneurial activities which would flourish the economy and open new opportunities for employment. Providing employment to a young and growing population is the major challenge faced by countries in the MENA (Middle East and North America) region. Everywhere in the world, it is small firms that contribute most to job creation. Their ability to thrive and generate jobs is a function of the environment in which they operate and their capacity to deal with continuous change and build assets for the future. Hence firm competitiveness is high on the development agenda. In today's global environment, firms rather than nations have become the engine of growth, and competitiveness is the key for firms to survive.
Entrepreneurship in Small-Scale Farms
Authors: Carvalho Luísa Margarida Cagica
Published: March 2017

This chapter aims to relate a case of rural entrepreneurship developed in Portuguese small-scale farms promoted through the European Project PROVE. The Project PROVE appears in 2007 inside European Program EQUAL; several local partners and development agencies work together with small farms to solve a problem. Parts of these farms do not have enough scale to sell large quantities in markets or to arrange agreement with national and international distributors. However, they have agricultural surplus and difficulties in selling their entire surplus in the local markets. Parts of the first farms are also in urban regions and suffer urban pressures, are familiar explorations, and the number of women is relevant. This entrepreneurial solution was spread to different regions in Portugal and also in other European countries and endures beyond the end of the European project.
Exploring How Institutions Influence Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ferri Elisabeth , Urbano David
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the institutional factors that condition entrepreneurial activity, distinguishing between social and commercial entrepreneurship and using institutional theory as conceptual framework. We statistically test our hypotheses through linear regression models in a global setting using a sample of 43 countries and data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Doing Business, and Worldwide Governance Indicators (2009). Compared with commercial entrepreneurship we find that social entrepreneurship is positively influenced by education level whereas the minimum capital requirements do not affect the social entrepreneurial process in contrast to commercial entrepreneurship. In addition, the results suggest that role models and fear of failure influence social entrepreneurship. This study contributes theoretically (advancing in the literature with an integrated model that relates institutions and entrepreneurial activity considering the relationship between social and commercial entrepreneurial activity) and practically (for the design of policies to foster both social and commercial entrepreneurship).
Entrepreneurship and National Culture
Authors: Dantas José Guilherme Leitão , Moreira António , Valente Fernando Manuel
Published: March 2017

The direct relationship between national cultural practice and entrepreneurship activities is analyzed in this chapter, based on the analysis of 44 countries. Datasets from 2012 and 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report are used to characterize three types of entrepreneurship: early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA); necessity-driven entrepreneurship (NDE) and opportunity-driven (ODE) entrepreneurship. Data sets on national cultural values are used to analyze five dimensions of Hofstede's work on cultural values (power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, long/short term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance). For that, the authors use the Values Survey Module 2013, which has been adapted from Hofstede's previous work from 2010 and 2008. The main conclusion is that the three types of entrepreneurship analyzed in this chapter are differently explained by the cultural and expanded models. If the country of origin and the type of economy are useful to explain TEA, they are of no added value to explain necessity-driven or opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.
Youth Entrepreneurship in India
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

Governments and local communities globally have recognized that key to building prosperity and stimulating regional growth is fostering entrepreneurship - mainly youth entrepreneurship. India is no exception, with so many educated yet unemployed youth; continuous policies are being drawn and attempts made for promoting youth entrepreneurship. Unemployment for educated youth has become particularly acute since the education explosion in early 2000's. Though the promotion of entrepreneurship as a possible source of job creation, empowerment and resources dynamism has attracted increasing policy and scholarly attention, yet there is no systematic attempt to look at it from a youth angle. This has resulted in lack of an adequate understanding of the potential benefits of youth entrepreneurship (YE). Through grounded research and in-depth analysis, the aim of this chapter is to stimulate policy debate, portray the outlook and understand the obstacle for youth entrepreneurship in India. Attempt is also made to suggest strategies that can be initiated for enhancing youth entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship and Family Business Phenomenon
Authors: Centeno-Caffarena Leonardo
Published: March 2017

Few authors have referred to the existing relationship between the topics of entrepreneurship and family business, but the number is in crescendo. In this work, we will make a description of each type of entrepreneurship offered by the literature, and select seven characteristics that most of them share. These characteristics are contrasted with every type of entrepreneurship and with the family business actors. At last, we will propose a study model, share some conclusions and recommendations for owner families.
Social Entrepreneurship in Sheltered Employment Centers
Authors: Gelashvili Vera , Aguilar Eva , Segovia-Vargas María-Jesús , Camacho-Miñano Maria-Del-Mar , Hernández María Teresa Blanco
Published: March 2017

Sheltered Employment Centers (CEE) are part of the social economy companies, based on the primacy of people over capital, social benefits and solidarity. Its aim is to carry out productive work and they are a means of integration of the greatest possible number of disabled people. There is a growing interest in this type of business, because its number has increased considerably. The objective of this chapter is to give academic visibility to CEE due to its great contribution to the social corporate responsibility, and to encourage the so-called social entrepreneurship. The reasons for creating social firms are analyzed and the characteristics that can contribute to the success of this type of companies are studied. Using the case study methodology, a CEE is analyzed in depth showing the main features of social economy business by means of a specific case and the key variables that has conducted to its success.