bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gemi çarpışmalarının önlenmesi için melez algoritma tabanlı bir karar destek sisteminin oluşturulması
Authors: İNAN Timur , BABA Ahmet Fevzi
Published: April 2020

Gemi
kazalarının çoğunluğunun insan hatalarından kaynaklanması, bu hataları en aza
indirgeyecek karar destek sistemleri ile alakalı çalışmaların artmasına neden
olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, gemi çarpışmalarını önleyebilecek bir karar destek
sistemi ortaya konulmuştur. Sistem üç ana parçadan oluşmaktadır. Gemilerin
ileriki pozisyonlarını tahmin edebilen bir yapay sinir ağı sistemi, çevredeki
gemilerin hangisi ile çarpışma riskinin daha fazla olduğunu hesaplayan bir
bulanık mantık sistemi ve CSGA (Cuckoo Search-Genetic Algorithm) algoritması
kullanarak çarpışma önleme rotası hesaplayabilen sistem. Bu çalışmada, çarpışma
önleme sisteminin başarısının ölçülmesi amacıyla senaryolar oluşturulmuştur.
Çarpışma önleme rotalarının hesaplanması aşamasında kullanılan CSGA algoritması
ile literatürde daha önce kullanılmış olan KKA (Karınca Kolonisi Algoritması),
PSO (Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu), ve GA (Genetik Algoritma) algoritmaları,
elde edilen sonuçların verimliliği açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.
Algoritmaların verimliliği ölçülürken; hesaplama için harcadıkları zamanın az
olması ve önerdikleri çarpışma önleme rotalarının gemiyi rotasından en az sapma
ile tekrar rotasına döndürmesi kriterleri gözönüne alınmıştır. CSGA algoritması
ile çarpışma önleme sisteminde, hesaplama süreleri gözönüne alındığında,
ortalama olarak, KKA’ya nazaran 29,47 kat, PSO’ya nazaran 5,78 kat, GA’ya
nazaran 2,72 kat daha hızlı sonuç vermiştir. Algoritmaların hesapladığı
yolların uygunluğu gözönüne alındığında CSGA algoritması, yapılan hesaplamalarda,
ortalama olarak karınca KKA’ya nazaran %7,85, PSO’ya nazaran %2,62, GA’ya
nazaran %1,18 daha uygun sonuçlar bulabilmiştir.
Aşındırıcı macun ile elektro erozyonla işlenmiş Ti-6Al-4V alaşımının yüzey kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi
Authors: GÖV Kürşad , SOYDAN Osman , EYERCİOĞLU Ömer
Published: April 2020

Aşındırıcı macun
ile yüzey işleme metodu geleneksel olmayan yüzey bitirme yöntemlerinden biridir.
Üretim teknolojilerinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte endüstride kullanılan parçalar
giderek daha karmaşık bir şekil almıştır. Özellikle havacılık, medikal ve
otomotiv endüstrisinde kullanılan bu karmaşık geometrili parçaların yüzey
kalitesini iyileştirmek klasik yöntemlerle pek mümkün değildir. Ayrıca zamanın
iyi kullanılması ve maliyetin düşürülmesi endüstride çok önemli bir beklentidir.
Bu çalışmada, havacılık sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılan yüksek ısı ve korozyon
direncine sahip Titanyum alaşım malzeme yüzeyinin aşındırıcı macun ile yüzey
işleme metodu kullanılarak yüzey iyileştirmesi yapılmıştır. Elektriksel tel
erozyon ile kesilerek hazırlanan numuneler için aşındırıcı macun ile işlem
parametrelerini belirlemek ve deney tasarımı için Taguchi metodu
kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmada aşındırıcı macun ile işleme parametreleri
tur sayısı, aşındırıcı tane boyu, aşındırıcı macun oranını, çıktı parametreleri
yüzey pürüzlülük (Ra) değerleri, malzeme kaldırma oranları (MKO) ve
beyaz katman tabakası kalınlığına olan etkileri ölçülmüştür. Elektriksel
erozyon ile kesme sırasında açığa çıkan yüksek ısının etkisiyle oluşan beyaz
tabakası giderilmesi SEM analizleri ile tespit edilmiştir.
Keep Diversity––Make Standards! Spaces of Standardization for Diversity Analyzed through Cattle Breeding Industry
Authors: Chavinskaia Lidia , Loconto Allison Marie
Published: April 2020

Standardization as spaces of diversity was introduced by Loconto and Demortain (2017) to advance the sociology of standards. Their analytical framework for studying standardization processes in interactive spaces is mobilized and expanded upon in this article in order to address the problematic relationship between standards and diversity. Studying industrialized animals highlights the existing tensions between these opposing forces and the socio-technical attempts to reconcile them. Using a socio-historical approach, we analyze cattle breeding standards as they pass through three interactive spaces of standards: “standards in the making,” “standards in action,” and “standards in circulation.” Drawing from the notion of ecology, we highlight the need for contextualization in order to better understand processes of standardization in a fourth space of “standards in interaction.” The contours of this space are demonstrated through an analysis of the International Bull Evaluation Service (Interbull), which is a space of commensuration for cattle breeding values. Linear interpretations of standardization processes are thus challenged with an empirical demonstration of how standardization can be harnessed to preserve and even enhance diversity.
SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequencing Using Long Pooled Amplicons on Illumina Platforms v1
Authors: Eden John-Sebastian , Sim Eby
Published: April 2020

This protocol describes methods to sequence SARS-CoV-2 with pooled amplicons (14 x 2.5kb) using Illumina Platforms.
Opentrons COVID-19 testing (Randox/qPCR common path, stations A & B, 24 samples) v5
Authors: Marrone Max
Published: April 2020

Opentrons and the Open Medicine Institute are developing an automated high-throughput COVID-19 testing protocol to submit to the FDA for an Emergency Use Authorization as a diagnostic. The standard assay for this type of infectious disease testing is quantitative PCR (qPCR), and in this case reverse transcriptase qPCR since COVID-19 is an RNA virus. After patient samples are collected in public health facilities, doctors offices, and hospitals, they are sent to the lab for processing, which happens in four steps: Sample Intake RNA Extraction qPCR Setup RT-qPCR Assay Opentrons OT-2 robots carry out most of this work. However, human operators are needed for some key tasks, like: Moving samples between stations Preparing certain reagents Running the qPCR machine Logging data
The influence of new coumarin derivatives on survival rate of mice in model conditions of acute hypoxia
Authors: Rodionova Olga M. , Safonova Albina F. , Kashirin Anton O. , Polukeev Valeriy A. , Bychkov Eugenii R. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: April 2020

Objective. The article is devoted to study the anti-hypoxemic properties of new coumarin derivatives in the models of hypoxemic hypoxia with hypercapnia, hemic hypoxia and histotoxic hypoxia.
Materials and methods. Нypoxemic hypoxia with hypercapnia was modeled as follows: mice were placed in hermetic 200 cm3 jars one in a jar. Hemic hypoxia was reproduced in mice by single subcutaneous introduction of sodium nitrite in a dose of 230 mg/kg. Histotoxic hypoxia was caused in mice by intraperitoneal introduction of sodium nitroprusside in a dose of 20 mg/kg. Coumarin derivatives under lab codes IEM-2266 and IEM-2267 were dissolved in distilled water with addition of twin-80, and then a single intraperitoneal infusion of them in doses 25 and 50 mg/kg was made 45 minutes before placing to the model conditions. Increased life time of an animal compared with the control served the criterion of anti-hypoxemic effect of the studied substances.
Results. In hypoxemic hypoxia with hypercapnia test compound under IEM-2267 in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg increased mice life time by 26 and 34% respectively in comparison with control. In hemic hypoxia model, the positive effect was seen with IEM-2266 compound in a dose of 50 mg/kg which increased life time of animals by 45% in comparison with control. In histotoxic hypoxia model, at preventive introduction of IEM-2266 compound in a dose of 25 mg/kg and IEM-2267 in a dose of 50 mg/kg life time increased up to 117% and 123% respectively.
Conclusion. The coumarin derivatives IEM-2266 and IEM-2267 relieved the course of acute hypoxia and increased life time of animals in the models of hypoxemic hypoxia with hypercapnia, hemic hypoxia and histotoxic hypoxia.
Ocular Surface Status in Newly Diagnosed Glaucoma Cases
Authors: Makashova N. V. , Vasilyeva A. E. , Kolosova O. Yu.
Published: April 2020

Uncontrolled administration and prolonged use of antihypertensive drugs with preservatives often leads not only to subjectively poor tolerance of treatment, but also to a deterioration in the results of subsequent surgery, if required. The manifestations of dry eye syndrome and its aggravation as a result of such drops use can lead the patients to refuse therapy and worsening the prognosis. The manifestations of dry syndrome are often detected before any hypotensive therapy begins, since the functions of secretory cells change with age and there is always the influence of adverse environmental factors. It is necessary to examine the condition of the anterior surface of the eye to resolve the issue of the need to prescribe drugs without preservatives for all patients before the appointment of antihypertensive therapy. However, sometimes it is not possible due to lack of time or equipment. Therefore, it is important to study the condition of the anterior eye surface in patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma before and during treatment with nonpreservative forms of antihypertensive drugs in order to determine the necessity of the first prescription of non-preservative forms of antihypertensive drops to further interpolate its results into practical recommendations. This study revealed that drug treatment of patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma with the drug Timolol-POS® β-blocker on a non-preservative basis along with IOP compensation improves both subjective and objective indicators of the condition of the anterior surface of the eye with maximum effect after 3 months of treatment. This conclusion suggests the importance of the primary appointment for such patients with instillation drops on a preservative basis.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Combined Action Antiallergic Drugs in Monotherapy of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Zumbulidze N. G. , Khokkanen V. M. , Litvin I. B.
Published: April 2020

According to statistical studies in recent decades, there has been an increase of allergic diseases in most countries of the world. Predisposing factors are the deterioration of the environmental situation, the total “chemicalization” of life and the forced use of drugs. Twenty years ago, the World Health Organization called the new century “the century of allergies” and the disease itself as an “epidemic”. As time has shown, these forecasts have come true: from 2001 to 2010, the number of allergic people in the world increased by 20 % and many of these patients suffer from ophthalmic manifestations of the pathology: the eyes are involved in the process in almost every second case. This is due to the fact that the eyes are directly exposed to the environment and a variety of external allergens. The most common disease of an eye-allergic nature is allergic conjunctivitis: approximately 15 % of the total population of economically developed countries suffer from it. Allergic blepharitis, eyelid dermatitis, keratitis, iritis, uveitis, retinitis and optic neuritis are much less common. The following manifestations are typical for allergic conjunctivitis: burning, lacrimation, pruritus, hyperemia of the eyelids and conjunctiva, photophobia. In the case of a transition to a chronic form, pronounced tissue changes are observed. Therefore, timely diagnosis and effective treatment certainly have a positive effect on the quality of life of the patient and the course of the disease. The treatment of patients with allergic conjunctivitis, first of all, consists in the maximum possible restriction of contact with the allergen. During desensitizing therapy, local and general drugs are used. Numerous studies have proven the advantage of targeted and effective antiallergic local therapy compared with systemic exposure. Currently used local ophthalmic antiallergic drugs belonging to various groups. The tactics of their use is determined by the acuity, severity and etiology of the process. When choosing a drug, in some cases, you should focus on the presence of substances that provide a double mechanism of action: a pronounced antihistamine activity in combination with the stabilization properties of mast cells, which has a quick and long therapeutic effect. This study evaluated efficacy of Vizallergol (olopatadin 0.2 %) application in cases of allergic conjunctivitis in 239 patients was evaluated. The medication arrested the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis in 89 % of patients, at that the mean period of treatment made 10.7 ± 0.3 days. In the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, the therapeutic efficacy of Vizallergol 0.2 % was comparable to opatanol 0.1 % and was found to be more comfortable for most patients due to the convenience of a single use.
Analysis of Differentiated Approach Effectiveness in Patients with Varying Degrees of Severity of Chronic Ocular Ischemic Syndrome Caused by Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Tuzlaev V. V. , Egorov V. V. , Kravchenko I. Z. , Smoliakova G. P.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: to study the effect of differentiated treatment approach in patients with varying degrees of severity chronic ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) on clinical course of disease and hemodynamics of eyes in prospective research.

Patients and methods. The research included 20 patients with chronic OIS. Patients were divided into 4 groups due to severity of chronic OIS and type of treatment. 1st group — 7 patients with moderate severity chronic OIS and hemodynamically significant of internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS); only carotid endarterectomy (CE) of ICAS was performed. 2nd group — 6 patients with severe degree chronic OIS and hemodynamically significant stenosis of ICAS; 2 weeks before CE, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) of retinal capillary non-perfusion areas was performed. 3rd group — 4 patients with severe degree chronic OIS, complicated by rubeosis iris and increased IOP on hypotensive regimen, on the background of hemodynamically insignificant ICAS; PRP of retina was performed. 4th group — 3 patients with moderate severity chronic OIS with hemodynamically insignificant ICAS; course of neuroprotective therapy was performed. All patients underwent standard and specialized ophthalmologic examination methods. Assessment of blood flow in brachiocephalic vessels, eye vessels was performed by ultrasound scan, spiral computed tomography, OCT-angiography with the AngioVue.

Results. Monitoring of patients’ groups for 1 year after chronic OIS treatment allowed us to determine tactics of patient management depending on degree of ICAS and severity of chronic OIS. Reconstructive surgery at hemodynamically significant ICAS caused positive dynamic in intraocular blood flow, which contributed to improvement and preservation of BCVA in 71 % of patients. Preventive PRP of retina, before performing reconstructive surgery of ICAS, optimized and reduced the time of visual recovery. PRP of retina as independent method of treatment of chronic OIS, complicated by neovascular glaucoma, caused full or partial regression of neovascularization in iris, which increased possibilities of its effective treatment. Neuroprotective pharmacotherapy in early stages of chronic OIS, in absence of indications for reconstructive surgery and PRP of retina, improved the prognosis for patients’ vision.

Conclusion. Differentiated treatment approach in patients with chronic OIS, due to changes of hemodynamics of internal carotid artery, has improved indexes of hemodynamic and visual acuity.
Features of Monitoring Patients with Primary and Advanced Stages of Glaucoma in Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Apostolova A. S. , Malyshev A. V. , Gurdzhijan K. M. , Shipilov V. A. , Ponomareva N. N.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: to analyze the monitoring of patients with primary and advanced stages of glaucoma, who applied to the private clinic “Tri-Z” (Krasnodar).

Patients and Methods. A total of 3 524 patients underwent screening with a diagnosis of glaucoma for all over 2018 at the clinic, of which 55.6 % were diagnosed with primary and advanced glaucoma. The criterion for inclusion in the study was primary glaucoma of the initial and advanced stages, elimination criteria: high degree of refraction errors, retinal detachment in anamnesis, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, AMD exudative forms, congenital forms of glaucoma, secondary types of glaucoma.

Results: The average age of patients was 68.44 ± 8.142 years, women were 71 %, men — 29 %. The average duration of glaucomatous history was 3.48 ± 3.525 years. POAG was found in 85.3 % of cases, PACG in 14.7 % of cases. Glaucoma without concomitant PEX was observed in 44.7 % cases, with signs of PEX in 55.3 % cases. In stage I of glaucoma, the majority of patients (42.7 %) received APG and in 27.1 % cases a fixed combination of ICA + BB. In stage II glaucoma, the majority of patients (26.5 %) received a fixed combination of ICA + BB, in 18.8 % of cases, the combination of APG + ICA + BB and in 17.7 % — APG. The share of laser interventions: LTP — 14.7 %, SLT — 4.1 %, peripheral iridectomy — 10 %, YAG-GP — 0.8 %, SLT + YAG-GP — 0.8 %, peripheral iridectomy + SLT — 0.5 %. The share of surgical interventions: at glaucoma stage I non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) — 3.4 %; at stage II NPDS — 10.9 %, repeated NPDS — 0.5 %, deepsclerectomy — 2.2 %; phacoemulsification + IOL — 21.9 % of cases.

Conclusion: In the study, we noted the following features: use, including as a starting therapy, effective drugs or their combinations; the preferred use of fixed combinations; prioritization of non-preservative therapy; high frequency of laser interventions in the anterior eye segment; use of peripheral laser iridectomy in the overwhelming majority of cases when PACG is detected; early transition to surgical treatment.
Мethods of Machine Learning in Ophthalmology: Review
Authors: Garri D. D. , Saakyan S. V. , Khoroshilova-Maslova I. P. , Tsygankov A. Yu. , Nikitin O. I. , Tarasov G. Yu.
Published: April 2020

Machine learning is applied in every field of human activity using digital data. In recent years, many papers have been published concerning artificial intelligence use in classification, regression and segmentation purposes in medicine and in ophthalmology, in particular. Artificial intelligence is a subsection of computer science and its principles, and concepts are often incomprehensible or used and interpreted by doctors incorrectly. Diagnostics of ophthalmology patients is associated with a significant amount of medical data that can be used for further software processing. By using of machine learning methods, it’s possible to find out, identify and count almost any pathological signs of diseases by analyzing medical images, clinical and laboratory data. Machine learning includes models and algorithms that mimic the architecture of biological neural networks. The greatest interest in the field is represented by artificial neural networks, in particular, networks based on deep learning due to the ability of the latter to work effectively with complex and multidimensional databases, coupled with the increasing availability of databases and performance of graphics processors. Artificial neural networks have the potential to be used in automated screening, determining the stage of diseases, predicting the therapeutic effect of treatment and the diseases outcome in the analysis of clinical data in patients with diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, ocular tumors and concomitant pathology. The main characteristics were the size of the training and validation datasets, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC (Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve). A number of studies investigate the comparative characteristics of algorithms. Many of the articles presented in the review have shown the results in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC, error values that exceed the corresponding indicators of an average ophthalmologist. Their introduction into routine clinical practice will increase the diagnostic, therapeutic and professional capabilities of a clinicians, which is especially important in the field of ophthalmic oncology, where there is a patient survival matter.
Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Draining Autovalve Limbosclerectomy and Trabeculectomy in the Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma with Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Lapochkin D. V. , Lapochkin V. I. , Lapochkin A. V.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: to evaluate the immediate and long-term hypotensive efficacy, the number of complications, and the clinical benefits of a draining autovalve limbosclerectomy (DALS) performed using a kit of disposable instruments in patients with POAG of various stages in comparison with trabeculectomy (TE).

Patients and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of the clinical and functional condition of 127 eyes of 127 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (stage I POAG was detected in 2 eyes, stage II in 30 eyes, stage III in 88 eyes and stage IV in 7 eyes). Patients were divided into groups: the main group—76 people who underwent DALS using a set of disposable instruments, and the control group—51 people who underwent TE. The average age of patients is 68.9 ± 10.3 years. Before and within 24 months after surgery, all patients underwent standard diagnostic examinations. The initial level of IOP against the background of the maximum antihypertensive mode varied from 24 to 50 mm. Hg. According to gonioscopy, the angle of the anterior chamber was open in all cases (III–IV degree). Patient exclusion criteria: history of laser or surgical treatment of glaucoma, cataract treatment.

Results. After 24 months of follow-up after DALS, the level of IOP in patients with stage I–II of POAG was 14.19 ± 1.83 mm Hg and with III–IV stage of POAG 14.95 ± 2.15 mm Hg, compensation was achieved in 88.2 % of patients without the use of antihypertensive drops. After TE, compensation was received in 72.6 % of patients, the IOP level was 16.9 ± 2.21 and 17.78 ± 2.31 mm Hg. respectively (p < 0.01). After DALS surgery, a decrease in the number of complications was revealed in comparison with TE: a decrease in сiliochoroidal detachment by 9.1 %, hyphema by 2.5 %, ophthalmic hypertension in the early p/o period by 3.2 %, cystic changes in the filtering bleb by 7.1 %.

Conclusion. The standardized DALS operation using a disposable tool kit is a new highly effective and safe method for the surgical treatment of glaucoma. DALS may be the operation of choice in the treatment of POAG of all stages.
Retinal Postphotoreceptor Layers and Macular Electroretinogram in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Zolnikova I. V. , Milash S. V. , Chernyak A. B. , Levina D. V. , Egorova I. V. , Rogatina E. V. , Eremeeva E. A. , Rogova S. Y.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: to assess the inner retinal layer’s changes of the central retina in comparison with bioelectrical activity of macula assessed by MERG and with thickness of photoreceptor retinal layers in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Patients and methods: 10 patients (20 phakic eyes) with RP were examined. Mean age was 27.0 ± 18.5 years. Mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.38 ± 0.22. The fundus photography electrophysiological studies were performed besides standard ophthalmological examination. Maximal electroretinogram (ERG) or cone-rod response, ERG to 30 Hz flicker and macular ERG were registered with electroretinograph MBN (Russia). Images were acquired using the protocol of scanning Macula radial (12 lines 9 mm long, each radial image is the average out of 50 scans) with settings ultrafine with automatic segmentation of the retina and calculation thickness. Retinal segmentation with the following calculation of different retinal layers was performed on SD-OCT RS-3000 Advance (Nidek, Japan) with obtainment of the map with 6 mm in diameter in accordance with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS).

Results. We revealed increased thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), decrease of thickness of ganglion cell layer (GCL) (p < 0,05) and normal (p > 0,05) inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness. These structural changes are associated with the decrease of bioelectric macula’s activity measured by MERG (decrease of α- and β-wave amplitude) and decrease the thickness of photoreceptor layers in all zones according to EDTRS.

Conclusion. Increase of thickness RNFL, decrease of GCL’s thickness and normal INL in patients with RP is associated with decrease of thickness of photoreceptor layers in EDTRS zones and decrease of amplitude of MERG.
Predictors of Early Retinal Changes in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kulybysheva V. S. , Ronzina I. A. , Gamidov A. A. , Motalov V. G. , Nikolenko V. N.
Published: April 2020

Purpose. Determining the functional state of the outer and inner retina’s layers in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and 2 before the clinical manifestations and in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using the methods of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and microperimetry (MP).

Patients and methods. 91 patients were examined (182 eyes). The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1st — 23 people (46 eyes) with diabetes without DR (the duration of the disease is up to 2 years); 2nd — 22 people (44 eyes) with diabetes without DR (diabetes from 2 to 8 years); 3rd — 24 people (48 eyes) with NPDR on the background of diabetes; 4th — 22 people (44 eyes) of the control group (healthy eyes). In addition to the standard ophthalmologic examination, all patients were registered mfERG (FOK1) on the diagnostic equipment EP-1000 Multifocal (Tomey, Germany) and carried out MP using the device “MAIA” (CenterVue, Italy).

Results. According to mfERG, it has been established that the components of mfERG, the biopotential density and the amplitude of P1, are most sensitive to diabetic changes. In groups with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there is a significant decrease in the density of P1 in comparison with the control group (p < 0.005, Mann-Whitney test), as well as a decrease in the amplitude of P1 on almost all tested rings (p < 0.005). In all groups, there is an increase in the latency of P1 in the central ring (0–2.3°). According to MP data, it was found that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes showed a decrease in the average light sensitivity in comparison with the control group, however, our data are within the reference values, regardless of the presence or absence of clinical manifestations of PD.

Conclusion. As a result of the study, early functional and morphological disorders of the neurosensory apparatus of the eye in diabetes were identified. It is proved that mfER and MP allow to detect violations at the preclinical stage of DR and are necessary studies for the dynamic control of the progression of DR.
Multifunctional Monitoring: is it Possible to Simultaneously Evaluate Blood Pressure and Sleep‐Disordered Breathing?
Authors: Bormina S. O. , Korostovtseva L. S. , Bochkarev M. V. , Sviryaev Yu. V. , Konradi A. O. , Tikhonenko V. M.
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveCarry out a comparative assessment of respiratory performance, based on multifunctional monitoring (MFM) and the recommended practice for complete polysomnography (PSG), and evaluate the effect of the blood pressure (BP) measurements in MFM on the quality of sleep.Materials and MethodsAt the first stage, 22 healthy volunteers (control group) underwent concomitant PSG and MFM, and 14 patients with suspected sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) underwent only PSG. At the second stage, concomitant PSG and MFM were performed in patients with confirmed SDB.ResultsIn the control group, MFM detected a lower level of SpO2, a lower desaturation index (DI), and a higher apnea index (AI) than in the PSG group. However, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was comparable in both groups. During concomitant PSG-MFM, the measurements of BP increased the number of micro-arousals only in the SDB group.ConclusionResults of the assessment of respiratory performance in MFM are comparable in both groups. The detected features of MFM indicators in the evaluation of the chest movements using rheopneumography, criteria different from that generally used for desaturation and hypoxemia, can lead to underestimation of desaturation and DI and underestimation of AI in the control group. The measurements of BP during sleep induced micro-arousals in the SDB group.
Lung Ultrasound: new Opportunities for a Cardiologist
Authors: Arystan A. Z. , Khamzina Y. T. , Benberin V. V. , Fettser D. V. , Belenkov Y. N.
Published: April 2020

This review focused on ultrasound examination of lungs, a useful complement to transthoracic echocardiography (EchoCG), which is superior to chest X-ray in the diagnostic value. The lung acoustic window always remains open and allows obtaining high-quality images in most cases. For a cardiologist, the major points of the method application are determination of pleural effusion and lung congestion. This method has a number of advantages: it is time-saving; cost-effective; portable and accessible; can be used in a real-time mode; not associated with radiation; reproducible; and highly informative. The ultrasound finding of wet lungs would indicate threatening, acute cardiac decompensation long before appearance of clinical, auscultative, and radiological signs of lung congestion. Modern EchoCG should include examination of the heart and lungs as a part of a single, integrative ultrasound examination.
Myocardial Infarction in the Group of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Boldueva S. A. , Soloveva M. V. , Oblavatckii D. V. , Feoktistova V. S.
Published: April 2020

Prevalence of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been growing every year. These patients represent a highest risk group and, thus, require special attention of clinicians. The article foсused on mechanisms of the AF and MI interaction, special aspects of prediction depending on the type of AF and MI, and the issue of antithrombotic therapy in this patient category. A group of AF-associated, embologenic MIs was isolated, and diagnostic criteria and therapeutic regimens were provided.
Atrial Flutter: up‐to‐date Problem Evaluation with Clinical Positions
Authors: Potapova K. V. , Nosov V. P. , Koroleva L. Y. , Amineva N. V.
Published: April 2020

The review provides current ideas about the etiology and prevalence of atrial flutter (AF), mechanism and substrate of arrhythmogenesis, and principles of clinical and electrophysiological classification of this arrhythmia. Methods for conservative and surgical treatments of AF, including their comparative aspect, are described in detail. The review presented recent data on efficacy and potential risks of different approaches to reversing the arrhythmia. The authors indicated a need for early diagnosis and strict control of the sinus rhythm in AF, which would help a successful intervention not only to completely cure the existing arrhythmia but also to prevent other heart rhythm disorders, primarily atrial fibrillation.
Pharmacoinvasive Approach to the Treatment of Acute ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Current State of the Problem
Authors: Milenkina S. G. , Belogurov A. A. , Delver E. P. , Staroverov I. I.
Published: April 2020

The articled focused on the pharmacoinvasive approach to the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Current guidelines prioritize the primary transcutaneous coronary intervention. However, in both the Russian Federation and other countries, there are some peculiarities (logistic issues, specific aspects of infrastructure of medical facilities), which may hamper timely conduction of the endovascular treatment. In such cases, the thrombolytic therapy subsequently supplemented with transcutaneous coronary intervention would appear the most effective strategy aimed at the earliest recovery of coronary perfusion. The authors provided results of major studies that used such approach and the effect of using the thrombolytic therapy with recombinant prourokinase, a Russian third generation thrombolytic drug.
Circular Sympathetic Pulmonary Artery Denervation in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Mitral Valve Defect, Atrial Fibrillation and High Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Trofimov N. A. , Medvedev A. P. , Babokin V. Y. , Efimova I. P. , Kichigin V. A. , Dragunov A. G. , Nikolskii A. V. , Tabaev R. G. , Preobrazenskii A. I.
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveInvestigate the influence of the sympathetic denervation of the pulmonary trunk and the orifices of the pulmonary arteries on the degree of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and outcomes of the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with mitral valve defects, complicated AF, and high PH.Material and methodsWe analyzed the surgical treatment of 140 patients with mitral valve defect, concomitant AF, and high PH – pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) gradient more than 40 mm Hg. The group of interest included 51 patients (46 patients with severe mitral stenosis and five patients with grade 4 mitral valve regurgitation). All patients underwent mitral valve correction (47 valve replacement surgeries and 4 valve-sparing interventions), biatrial Maze IV procedure, and additionally, denervation of the pulmonary trunk and the orifices of the pulmonary arteries. The control group included 89 patients diagnosed with mitral valve defect, AF, and PH with PASP > 40 mm Hg. However, unlike in patients of interest, denervation of the pulmonary arteries was not performed.ResultsCircular radiofrequency denervation of the pulmonary trunk and the orifices of the pulmonary arteries using a clamp-destructor is an effective and safe method, significantly reduces secondary PH (p=0.018), promotes reverse remodeling of the heart chambers, left atrium in particular (p=0.01), and improves outcomes of the Maze IV procedure (p=0.022) by restoring sinus rhythm in patients with mitral valve defects, complicated AF, and high PH.ConclusionThis technique must be studied further involving a more significant number of patients, analyzing long-term results, and using this technique in patients with non-valvular causes of secondary PH.
Lifestyle Modification as a Method of Treatment of Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Kuchinskaya E. A. , Pevzner A. V.
Published: April 2020

Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause for loss of consciousness. The need for treatment of this condition is warranted by impaired quality of life and a risk of trauma due to the fall. At present, there are no medications with proven preventive effectiveness for vasovagal syncope as demonstrated by large randomized, placebo-controlled studies.  At the same time, information about the pathogenesis of vasovagal reaction and provoking factors allows effective use of non-drug methods (such as patient education, physical exercise, maneuvers) in the management of patients with vasovagal syncope.
Vasoprotective Effects of Prolonged Therapy With Perindopril A in Patients with Hypertension Including Concomitant Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Danilogorskaya Yu. A. , Zheleznykh E. A. , Privalova E. A. , Belenkov Yu. N. , Shchendrigina A. A. , Kozhevnikova M. V. , Shakaryants G. A. , Zektser V. Yu. , Lishuta A. S. , Khabarova N. V.
Published: April 2020

Objective Investigate the dynamics of morphological and functional markers of vascular remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), including those with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), during 12-month administration of perindopril A.Material and Methods The study included patients with grade I-II AH, with and without DM2 (30 and 32 patients, respectively), who underwent outpatient correction of initially ineffective antihypertensive therapy and administration of perindopril A, 10 mg/day. Morphological and functional parameters of vascular remodeling were evaluated in all patients at baseline and at 12 months using photoplethysmography. Stiffness index (SI) and phase shift (PS) were measured in large vessels. Reflection index (RI) and occlusion index (OI) were measured in microvessels. Computed nailfold videocapillaroscopy was used to determine capillary density (CD) at rest (CDr), CD during venous occlusion test (CDvo), and CD during reactive hyperemia test (CDrh). Data are medians [interquartile range].Results After 12-month administration of perindopril A, the morphological and functional parameters of vascular remodeling in AH patients without DM2 significantly improved at all vascular levels. SI decreased to 9.25 [7.8; 10.93 ] m/s and PS increased to 7.4 [5.6; 9.05] ms. In microvasculature, a statistically significant reduction was observed in RI, 31 [27; 36.5]%, and an increase was observed in OI, which characterizes endothelium function, 1.75 [1.68; 1.9]. Capillary CDr significantly increased to 40.5 [34.93; 46] cap/mm2, as did CDvo and CDrh. At the same time, in the group of patients with AH and DM2, a significant improvement was observed for the large vessels. SI decreased to 9.8 [9.08; 10.58] m/s, and PS increased to 6.95 [5.13; 10.08]. The RI index, reflecting the structural condition of arterioles, significantly decreased to 34 [25.9; 45.53]%, and the OI index, characterizing endothelial function, did not change significantly, 1.4 [1.3; 1.6]. Capillary CDr significantly increased to 31.55 [27.68; 34.7 ] cap/mm2; however, CDvo and CDrh did not change significantly. Renal function improved in both groups.Conclusion Both groups demonstrated improvement of morphological parameters at all levels of the arterial bed. However, patients with AH and concomitant DM2 showed no improvement of the endothelial function of arterioles and capillaries compared to improvement in AH patients without DM2. This reflected the more severe endothelial dysfunction present in AH patients with DM2.
Position Paper. The role of iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure and current corrective approaches
Authors: Mareev V. Yu. , Gilyarevskiy S. R. , Mareev Yu. V. , Begrambekova Yu. L. , Belenkov Yu. N. , Vasyuk Yu. A. , Galyavich A. S. , Gendlin G. E. , Glezer M. G. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Lelyavina T. A. , Orlova Ya. A. , Fomin I. V. , Shaposhnik I. I.
Published: April 2020

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Abstracts of the Anniversary National Congress with international participation "Heart failure 2019"
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2020

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Evaluation of analgesic activity of the methanol extract from the galls of Quercus infectoria alone and as an adjuvant in wistar rats
Authors: Raichurkar Abishek P. , Gowdara Hanumanth Reddy Shashikala
Published: April 2020

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are the most preferred drugs for pain relief. Considering the gastrointestinal toxicity, dependence and other side effects, search for better analgesic drug continues. Quercus infectoria (QI) is from the family Fagaceae. The galls of QI are comprised of tannin (36 to 60%), gallic acid, ellagic acid, and syringic acid. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic properties. In India, galls of QI have been used for the treatment of toothache, diarrhoea, sore throat and inflammatory diseases as a home remedy. This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of galls of QI on wistar rats using tail-flick and Eddy’s hot-plate methods. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of galls of QI alone and as an adjuvant with tramadol on Wistar rats.Methods: Total of 24 wistar rats were included in the study and divided into 4 groups. They received drugs intra-peritoneally as follows. In group 1, normal saline, in group 2, tramadol, in group 3, methanolic extract of galls of QI and in group 4, tramadol with methanolic extract of galls of QI was available.Results: Methanolic extract of galls of QI produced significant maximal possible analgesia (<0.001) at 30 and 60 minutes in tail-flick method whereas it failed to produce analgesia in hot-plate method during all time intervals.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of galls of QI showed analgesic activity in tail-flick method indicating that its possible mechanism of action is spinally mediated.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with established coronary artery disease
Authors: Kaur Sapneet , Kaur Harleen , Sharma Susheel Kumar , Bhatia Amarjeet Singh
Published: April 2020

Background:Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in this part of the country, in spite of the fact that there is ample sunshine and the economic status of the people is good. Several studies have suggested possible link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease risk. Hence authors evaluated the patients with established coronary artery disease attending cardiology department of super speciality hospital, Government Medical College Jammu, for their vitamin D status. Methods:The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Government Medical College Jammu and data of established cases of coronary artery disease patients attending cardiology department of super speciality hospital, government medical college Jammu was analyzed for vitamin D levels during the period from January 2019 to February, 2020.Results: A total of 200 established cases of coronary artery disease comprising of 130 male patients and 70 female patients were analyzed in the study, out of 200 cases, 190 (95%) were found to be having low levels of vitamin D in their blood (<30 ngm/dl). 123 (94.6%) out of a total of 130 male patients had vitamin D deficiency as compared to 67 (95.7%) out of 70 females patients.Conclusions:The study has revealed a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in established cases of coronary artery diseases. More detailed prospective studies are required to unravel the association of vitamin D and its role in prevention of coronary artery diseases in the absence of well-established risk factors like smoking, Diabetes, Hypertension and dyslipidaemias.
Can positron emission tomography - computed tomography imaging predict of metastases in patients with small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xuan Ngo Minh , Huy Huynh Quang
Published: April 2020

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15%-20% of all lung cancer cases. positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET/CT) has become increasingly used as an initial staging tool in patients with SCLC. We aimed to explore the relationships between primary tumor 18F-FDG uptake measured as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) and clinical stage at PET/CT for small cell lung cancer patients (SCLC).Methods: Patients with SCLC who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans before the treatment were included in the study at Bach Mai hospital of Vietnam, from November 2014 to May 2018. The primary tumor and secondary lesion SUVmax was calculated; the tumor size was measured; the TNM status was determined mainly by FDG PET/CT imaging according to The 8th Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer were recorded. An evaluation was made of the linear relationship between tumor size, T stage, N stage, and M stages of the patients and their SUVmax using Spearman’s correlation.Results: Total 37 cases (34 men and 3 women; age range 38 - 81 years, median 64 years) were analyzed. The average of primary tumor size and SUVmax were 5.95±2.77 cm and 10.21±4.75, respectively. The SUVmax of primary tumor is significantly greater than that of nodal and distant organ metastasis (10.21±4.75 vs 8.20±4.35 and 6.44±3.17, p<0.01). There was a moderate correlation between SUVmax and tumor size (r =0.596, p<0.001), tumor stage (r = 0.502, p<0.01) but not significant with nodal stage (r =-0.218, p=0.194), metastasis stage (r = -0.055, p=0.747), and overall stage (r=-0.060, p=0.725).Conclusions: SUVmax was significantly correlated with tumor size, but not with distant metastases or lymph node involvement. Therefore, SUVmax on positron emission tomography is not predictive of the presence of metastases in patients with SCLC.
Evaluation of long term outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors: a single centre 8 years’ experience in a developing nation with limited facilities
Authors: Vageriya Natasha L. , Shah Rasik , Mane Shivaji B. , Daginawala Taha , More Prathamesh
Published: April 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to find out incidence of long term complications in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors in a developing nation with limited facilities.Methods: A retrospective study was done on patients who underwent CDH repair at our institution from 2012 to 2019. 71 patients were identified of these 55 patients operated in neonatal age were considered. After applying exclusion criteria 42 patients included in the study were then divided in 2 groups. Group 1 (26 patients): neonates requiring ventilation within 6 hrs of birth and group 2 (16 patients): not requiring ventilation or intubated after 6hrs of birth. Data from medical records were supplemented by a questionnaire regarding perceived physical function and medical follow up till date. Respiratory, central nervous, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal systems were concentrated upon and questionnaire set. These were then compared with respect to their long term outcomes. Also, overall incidence of these in the two groups combined was noted compared with other studies.Results: On comparing these 2 groups incidence of long term complications was found more in group 1; however on statistical analysis difference was not significant. As also incidence of individual long term complications in all patients together were identical or lower than in other published series. Mortality in our study was 8 of 49 neonates which was 17% of all patients presenting with CDH or born at our centre.Conclusions: Despite the growing population of CDH survivors the morbidity is not very significant and most patients lead a normal average active life.
The Islamicity of Sharia Rural Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Pertiwi Imanda Firmantyas Putri , Puspitosari Indriyana , Wijayati Fitri Laela
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper is aimed to evaluate the Islamic Performance of Sharia Rural Banks (SRBs) in Indonesia by using the Islamicity Performance Index (IPI). The data are taken from SRBs from 2014 to 2016 (those include PF and Profit), as well the liquidation of SRBs in those years. The sample is taken by using a purposive sampling technique. Then, there are 82 SRBs samples and observing 246 pcs data. The data are obtained by evaluating their financial reports through the websites of Central Bank of Indonesia or Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan-OJK) as well as the SRBs websites. The data are analyzed by non-statistic quantitative and descriptive qualitative techniques. The results are gained from each indicator of their average Islamic Performance Index. The result shows that the Islamic Performance Index of Sharia Rural Banks is unsatisfied. Henceforth, this study has several limitations that may be observed in the next research. Moreover, this research excludes the welfare indicators of the director-employee and AAOIFI index.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kinerja keislaman (Islamicity) Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel BPRS di Indonesia dari tahun 2014 hingga 2016, dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel akhir yang diperoleh adalah 82 SRB sehingga data yang diamati adalah 246 pcs data. Data diperoleh dengan mengakses laporan keuangan mereka melalui situs web Bank Sentral Indonesia atau Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) serta situs web masing-masing BPRS. Penelitian ini dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik kuantitatif non-statistik dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kinerja bank syariah berdasarkan Indeks kinerja keislaman adalah “tidak memuaskan”. Bagaimanapun, penelitian ini memiliki beberapa batasan yang dapat diperoleh melalui penelitian selanjutnya. Penelitian ini tidak termasuk indikator kesejahteraan direktur-karyawan dan indeks AAOIFI.