bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-episodic autobiographical memory details reflect attempts to tell a good story
Authors: Mair Ali , Poirier Marie , Conway Martin A.
Published: April 2023

A persistent finding in the autobiographical memory (AM) literature is that older adults report more non-episodic (or generalised/semantic) information than young adults. Since studies are usually focused on memory for episodic (or specific) autobiographical events, the reason for the increase in non-episodic AM remains under-studied. This experiment investigated whether increased non-episodic AM in older adults reflects (a) an age-related shift in communicative preferences, or (b) a sign of cognitive decline, by way of either an inhibition deficit or as a means of compensating for a deficit in episodic AM. A sample of 55 young and older participants retrieved the same AM twice, under two different sets of instructions: to tell a good story for their autobiography, or to provide a detailed police witness statement. Both groups reported more general details when they were aiming to tell a good story, but the difference was greater for older adults. In addition, older adults also reported fewer specific details when the aim was to tell a good story. In a separate rating task, young and older adults differed in their perceptions of what makes a good story; young adults rated ‘detail’, ‘grammar’, and ‘full descriptions’ more highly than older adults, whereas older rated ‘linking ideas’ and ‘explaining not just describing’ more highly than young adults. The results suggest that age-related increases in general AM might be explained by a shift in communicative preferences rather than cognitive decline.
On the role of familiarity and developmental exposure in music-evoked autobiographical memories
Authors: Kathios Nicholas , Bloom Paul Alexander , Singh Anshita , Bartlett Ella , Algharazi Sameah , Siegelman Matthew , Shen Fan , Beresford Lea , DiMaggio-Potter Michaelle , Bennett Sarah Anne , Natarajan Nandhini , Ou Yongtian , Loui Psyche , Aly Mariam , Tottenham Nim
Published: April 2023

Music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) are typically elicited by music that listeners have heard before. While studies that have directly manipulated music familiarity show that familiar music evokes more MEAMs than music listeners have not heard before, music that is unfamiliar to the listener can also sporadically cue autobiographical memory. Here we examined whether music that sounds familiar even without previous exposure can produce spontaneous MEAMs. Cognitively healthy older adults (N=75, ages 65-80 years) listened to music clips that were chosen by researchers to be either familiar or unfamiliar (i.e., varying by prior exposure). Participants then disclosed whether the clip elicited a MEAM and later provided self-reported familiarity ratings for each. Self-reported familiarity was positively associated with the occurrence of MEAMs in response to familiar, but not the unfamiliar, music. The likelihood of reporting MEAMs for music released during youth (i.e., the “reminiscence bump”) relative to young adulthood (20-25 years) included both music released during participants’ adolescence (14-18 years) and middle childhood (5-9 years) once self-reported familiarity was accounted for. These developmental effects could not be accounted for by music-evoked affect. Overall, our results suggest that the phenomenon of MEAMs hinges upon both perceptions of familiarity and prior exposure.
No effect of hunger on attentional capture by food cues: two replication studies
Authors: Neal Courtney , Pepper Gillian V , Allen Caroline , Nettle Daniel
Published: April 2023

Hunger is a powerful driver of eating behaviour. However, the relationship between hunger and food-related cognition remains poorly understood. Previous research found that hunger increased the ability of food cues to capture attention in a US student sample (N=23; Piech, Pastorino, & Zald, Appet., 54, p579-582, 2010). We conducted online (N=29) and in-person (N=28) replications of this study with British participants, using the same stimuli sets and protocols as the original study, with a Bayesian analytical approach. The studies use the Emotional Blink of Attention (EBA) task, in which participants must identify a rotated image in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. The targets are preceded by distractors – “neutral”, “romantic”, or “food” images. We predicted that food images would create a greater attentional blink when participants were hungry than when they were sated, but romantic and neutral images would not. Our participants completed the task twice, at the same time of day, on two different days, 6-11 days apart; once when hungry (overnight plus 6h fast) and once when sated (after eating a self-selected lunch in the preceding hour). Our results did not support the original finding that hunger increases attentional capture by food cues, despite both of our experiments passing manipulation and quality assurance checks. While the lack of replication of the original finding may result from differences in the sample, responses to stimuli, or other limitations, it is also possible that the original finding may not be generalisable. This may be explained by the sensitivity of the EBA paradigm to the physical distinctiveness of distractors from filler and target images, rather than the emotional valence of the distractors, as previously thought. Our studies were pre-registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/w2a8f and https://osf.io/v4wpt).
Blog Data Analytics Using Blogtrackers
Authors: Akinnubi Abiola , Agarwal Nitin
Published: April 2023

Social media has grown to be the place for voicing one’s opinions, sharing information, and shaping discourse. Individuals use social media as a platform to mobilize, coordinate, and conduct cyber campaigns ranging from awareness for diseases or disorders to deviant acts threatening democratic principles and institutions. Blogosphere has continued to rise and afford an effective medium for content framing. With no restriction on the number of characters, many use blogs to set narratives then use other social media channels like Twitter and Facebook to steer their audience to their blogs. Also, due to the unlimited number of characters that can shared on blogs, they are a good source of influence and intelligent conversation as compared to twitter and other microblogging sites for hot topic. Influence can also be deduced properly from blog data unlike twitter and other microsite where influence may be false as character limitation usually leads to wrong narratives. Blog content is not structured and hard to collect than other social media channels. Blog monitoring and analysis could be of great use to sociologists, political scientists, communication researchers, journalists and information scientists to examine events. Toward this direction, we present Blogtrackers tool, which is designed to explore the blogosphere and gain insights on various events. Blogtrackers can help in identifying leading information actors, influential bloggers, popular and emerging trends, assess tones, sentiments and opinions, extract entities, analyze blog networks and narratives.
Labor Redefined: Toward a Commonist Value Theory of Labor under and beyond Capital
Authors: Hosseini S A Hamed
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes a commonist value theory of labor by examining the relationship between human creativity and labor under capitalist relations. It argues that the innate (more than ) human creative power constitutes a vital commons that generates ‘true value’ in a commonist state of living. However, under capitalist relations, this creative force is transformed into labor through the process of primary abstraction, resulting in the loss of subjectivity of labor and its transformation into a material cause of capitalist (fetish) value. The paper distinguishes primary abstraction from secondary abstraction, which is the abstraction process in Marxian labor theory, and argues that a new commonist value theory must reflect the primacy of the original commoning nature of labor in generating value. It also highlights the need for a radical restructuring of labor relations to achieve a truly post-capitalist society. The contents of the paper include unpacking Marx’s notion of labor, exploring the true value of (more than) human creative power as an essential commons, going beyond reductionist notions of commons and commoning, understanding the alienation rooted in the loss of casual power and commoning nature of human creativity, examining the unheeded primary abstraction, and explaining how the secondary abstraction is the primary abstraction by other means.
Repeated Exposure and Protest Outcomes: How Fridays for Future Protests Influenced Voters
Authors: Valentim António
Published: April 2023

When do political protests influence citizens’ behaviour? Do environmental protests have electoral consequences? In this paper, I build on social-psychological work to argue that a key characteristic of effective protests is their capability to repeatedly expose voters to their message. I test this argument by studying the effect of FFF protests on voting for Green Parties. Using a novel dataset on FFF protests in Germany, and a difference-in-differences design, I find that exposure to environmental protests increases the vote share of the Greens, and that repeated exposure to protests increases this effect. Additional analyses suggest that repeated exposure persuades voters of FFF's policy positions, and that these effects travel to other countries, but not to other environmental-friendly behaviours. Overall, these results are important to understand when and how protests are influential, as well as to understand the political consequences of environmental protests.
Capital as ‘fetish value’ has no ‘true value’: Beyond the Divide between the Analytical and the Normative
Authors: Hosseini S A Hamed
Published: April 2023

This paper argues that a normative frame of reference is necessary to redefine the notion of value from a more-than-human societal perspective, differentiating between ‘fetish value’ and ‘true value.’ The former is a product of capital, while the latter is capital's prey but also its antidote. The paper emphasizes the importance of a normative frame of reference that considers the economic, ethical, and political dimensions of value production, and calls for a shift in focus from a purely analytical understanding of capitalism as a social and economic system to a more integrated (analytical-normative) approach. This approach would require a more nuanced understanding of how value is created and distributed, and how it impacts different social groups and the environment. The paper argues that this new approach would enable us to imagine alternative economic systems that prioritize social and environmental well-being over profit maximization and shift the focus from merely challenging existing power relations and economic structures to creating alternative forms of value creation and exchange based on normative principles of social justice and ecological sustainability. The paper highlights the importance of perceiving capital as the product of the perversion of commons that are vital for the creation of true value.
Resolving the Ethical Quagmire of the Persistent Vegetative State
Authors: Arandjelović Ognjen
Published: April 2023

A patient is diagnosed with the persistent vegetative state (PVS) when they show no evidence of the awareness of the self or the environment for an extended period of time. The chance of recovery of any mental function or the ability to interact in a meaningful way is low. Though rare, the condition, considering its nature as a state outwith the realm of the conscious, coupled with the trauma experienced by the patient's kin as well as health care staff confronted with painful decisions regarding the patient's care, has attracted a considerable amount of discussion within the bioethics community. At present, there is a wealth of literature that discusses the relevant neurology, that elucidates the plethora of ethical challenges in understanding and dealing with the condition, and that analyses the real-world cases which have prominently featured in the mainstream media as a result of emotionally charged, divergent views concerning the provision of care to the patient. However, there is scarcely anything in the published scholarly literature that proposes concrete and practically actionable solutions to the now widely recognized moral conundrums. The present article describes a step in that direction. I start from the very foundations, laying out a sentientist approach which serves as the basis for the consequent moral decision-making, and then proceed to systematically identify and deconstruct the different cases of discord, using the aforementioned foundations as the basis for their resolution. A major intellectual contribution concerns the fluidity of the duty of care which I argue is demanded by the sentientist focus. The said duty is shown initially to have for its object the patient, which depending on the circumstances, can change to the patient's kin, or the health care staff themselves. In conclusion, the proposed framework represents the first comprehensive proposal regarding the decision-making processes involved in the deliberation on the provision of life sustaining treatment to a patient in a PVS.
Keabsahan Pengajuan Pembatalan Perkawinan Kedua Oleh Istri Pertama Dengan Alasan Akta Cerai Palsu di Pengadilan Agama Soreang
Authors: Artiana Maureen Maysa , ㅤ Djanuardi , Sandra Eidy
Published: April 2023

Manusia melangsungkan suatu ikatan guna memenuhi kebutuhannya dengan manusia lainnya melalui hubungan hukum berupa perkawinan yang sah. Perkawinan sebagai dinamika rumah tangga yang dalam perjalanannya dimungkinkan untuk timbul berbagai konflik. Ditemukan adanya fenomena penggunaan Akta Cerai palsu oleh seorang suami untuk memalsukan identitas perkawinannya agar dapat menikah dengan wanita lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari kepastian hukum tentang keabsahan pengajuan pembatalan perkawinan ke Pengadilan Agama oleh istri pertama perkawinan kedua suaminya dengan melampirkan Akta Cerai palsu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis serta teknik studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa pembatalan perkawinan kedua oleh istri pertama dengan alasan penggunaan Akta Cerai palsu sah untuk diajukan ke Pengadilan Agama.
Pencatatan Perkawinan Beda Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Romli Muhammad , Huda Nurul , Aspandi Aspandi
Published: April 2023

Law of Marriage which constitutes a product of Indonesian people regulating any aspects of marriage into a regulation for any Indonesian people, this is not to say that this regulation is perfect and away from any legal issues, one of which is interfaith marriage, with the uncertainty of interfaith marriage law in Marriage Law results in different verdict particularly in interfaith marriage registry in Indonesia. This study used a legal research method and this study used approach methods namely historical, conceptual and legislative approach. Legal entities used in this study include normative-primary, secondary, and tertiary legal entity which was applied in the manner of observation, collection and literary study of document either conventionally or through internet. Study results on interfaith marriage held in Indonesia suggested that neither the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) nor the Population and Civil Registry Office (Disdukcapil) shall accept it. Despite interfaith marriage in Indonesia has been set out in Law of Population Administration (Adminduk) and registered in Indonesia, as it is tied to stipulation outcome of District Court. Should the district court grant the request of interfaith marriage, then the Population and Civil Registry Office shall report interfaith marriage and otherwise.

 

Keywords: Marriage Registry, Interfaith Marriage
Implementation of Education Based on Religious Moderation
Authors: Wardi Moh , Alias Nur Atika , Hidayat Tawvicky , Hali Ali Usman
Published: April 2023

This study discusses the implementation of religious moderation-based education which is described in two research focuses, namely first the forms and values of religious moderation-based education that have been implemented at SMPK Santo Yusup and secondly to find out the contribution of education based on religious moderation at SMPK Santo Yusup itself. This study uses a field qualitative approach. The data collection techniques in this study are using interviews, observation, and documentation. From this method, researchers process and analyze it to obtain data and information. The subjects in this study were school principals, 2 Catholic teachers, 2 Muslim teachers, and 3 students from different religions. The results of the study show that: first, the forms and values of education based on religious moderation at SMPK Santo Yusup are formed in the Faith Development activities and the inculcation of national values through PPKN learning. The two contributions to education based on religious moderation instill an attitude of openness, tolerance, anti-violence, an attitude of justice, and mutual respect for one another.
PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER NASIONALISME GENERASI MUDA (PEMUDA PEMUDI UJUNGBERUNG)
Authors: Fadhilah Raden Adinda Zalfa , Dewi Dinie Anggraeni
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran peran pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam menumbuhkan sikap nasionalisme generasi muda di era globalisasi. Adanya modernisasi dalam budaya menyebabkan pergeseran nilai dan sikap masyarakat yang saat ini terjadi, dan juga mengakibatkan adanya kecenderungan melemahnya rasa nasionalisme, terkhusus pada generasi-generasi muda. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah beberapa pelajar/mahasiswa Ujungberung yang melaksanakan pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan. pendidikan kewarganegaraan ini diharapkan mampu untuk meningkatkan kesadaran generasi muda terhadap karakter bangsanya, dan membangkitkan rasa nasionalisme yang sejatnya sudah tertanam di dalam diri juga akan menjadikan mereka warga negara yang baik dan terpandang di mata dunia.
An Uncommon Cause of Palpitations
Authors: Seara Vera
Published: April 2023

Chilaiditi syndrome is an uncommon condition, being described in 0.025%-0.28% of the population An 18-year-old female, with no relevant personal history or usual medication is admitted at the emergency department with complaints of palpitations and mild abdominal pain.
Long-Term Analysis of Efficacy and Toxicidad of Zoledroinic Acid in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Aviles Agustin
Published: April 2023

Myeloma bone disease MBD) is the most common and dangerous effects in patients with multiple myeloma. Bisphosphonates (BP), are the treatment of choice. But efficacy and adverse events has not been evaluated at longer follow-up. Thus, we review our experience in a tertiary cancer center, whose received zoledronic acid (ZO): in a large number of cases (1041) and longer follow-up: 4.2 to 21.6 years (median 13.8).Skeletal event (SE) were statistically better in patients who received ZA : 52 events :8.96%,compared to 207 (42.6) p < 0.001 in patients whose did not received ZA, independently if the patients received autologous stem cell transplant or not. But progression free survival and overall survival did not show any benefit. Adverse events were minimal, and jaw necrosis were not observed. Thus, we considered that ZA, remain to be the best treatment of MBD, but we confirm that ZA did not show at longer follow-up any antitumor effect.
Initial experience with transcarotid arterial revascularization with flow reversal in the management of symptomatic carotid stenosis
Authors: Feler Joshua , Torabi Radmehr , Moldovan Krisztina , Poggi Jonathan , Shaaya Elias , Anderson Matthew , Ayala Cameron , Bajaj Ankush , Monje Silas , Doberstein Curt
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transcarotid arterial revascularization (TCAR) as a viable intervention in the treatment of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of the first 62 consecutive patients treated at Rhode Island Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, who underwent a TCAR for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis between November 11, 2020, and March 31, 2022. Relevant demographic, comorbidity, and perioperative data were extracted through retrospective chart review. Patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were excluded. The authors also evaluated patients using pertinent physiological and anatomical high-risk criteria as described in the ROADSTER trial. Risk factors were aggregated to form a composite risk total for every patient. The primary outcome of this study was the 30-day adverse outcome rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, and/or death. Periprocedural stroke was identified by clinical symptoms and radiographic findings. Secondary endpoints included device and procedural success, 30-day mortality, 30-day stroke rate, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS

The authors analyzed the first 62 patients with > 50% symptomatic carotid artery stenosis who underwent TCAR at their institution. The mean age of the cohort was 71.5 years, and the cohort was predominantly male (67.7%). The most common high-risk medical criteria were age older than 75 years (45.3%) and severe coronary artery disease (13.6%). The most common anatomical high-risk criteria were high bifurcation (35.1%) and contralateral stenosis requiring treatment within 30 days (15.8%). Fifty percent of patients had at least 1 medical high-risk criterion, 50% had at least 1 anatomical risk criterion, and 82% of patients had 2 or more high-risk criteria of any kind. Among this group, all patients (100%) underwent successful revascularization, with 1 (1.6%) requiring intraprocedural conversion to carotid endarterectomy. Postprocedurally, there was 1 nondisabling stroke (1.6%) and 3 deaths (4.8%) within 30 days of the procedure, with only 1 death directly attributable to the procedure. One patient (1.6%) experienced a neck hematoma. In total, 4 patients (6.5%) experienced a major complication. The overall complication rate was 8.0%.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors’ initial experience with TCAR suggests that it might provide an effective alternative to carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting in the management of symptomatic carotid stenosis in patients with high-risk anatomical and medical characteristics.
A long-term study of posterior circulation changes after revascularization in patients with moyamoya disease
Authors: Bao Xiang-Yang , Tong Huai-Yu , Wang Qian-Nan , Wang Xiao-Peng , Gao Gan , Zhang Qian , Zou Zheng-Xing , Duan Lian
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the long-term course of posterior circulation changes and predictors in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively enrolled patients who were diagnosed with MMD and underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) surgery at the authors’ department from December 2002 to September 2011. A comparative study between short-term (6–12 months) and long-term (≥ 9 years) follow-up angiography was conducted. The progression of lesions was defined from lower to higher stages of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA).

RESULTS

Eighty-eight patients who received indirect EDAS were enrolled in the study. The mean age at first surgery was 28.1 ± 15.0 years. Among these 88 patients with MMD, 39 (44.3%) exhibited transient ischemic attack and 27 (30.7%) exhibited infarction, comprising 5 with occipital lobe infarction, 14 (15.9%) with hemorrhagic symptoms, and 8 (9.1%) with atypical symptoms as the initial symptoms. Heterozygous mutations occurred significantly more frequently in the cases that presented with PCA involvement. During follow-up, stage progression of PCA was observed in 21 patients (28 hemispheres). At short-term follow-up, 21/176 (11.9%) hemispheres had progression of steno-occlusive lesions in the PCA. At long-term follow-up, 7 (4.0%) hemispheres had progression of steno-occlusive lesions in the PCA. At short-term follow-up, the progression of steno-occlusive lesions in the PCA was associated with progression of the internal carotid artery. Stage progression of PCA occurred significantly more frequently in the cases with PCA involvement on preoperative angiography. Nine strokes (10.2%) occurred in 88 patients during long-term follow-up. Four patients (4.5%) presented with ischemic stroke, including 2 with occipital lobe infarctions.

CONCLUSIONS

Progression of PCA stenosis is common in patients with MMD, even if the PCA is normal initially. Mutations of RNF213 p.R4810K may predict PCA involvement or progression. Follow-up of the PCA in MMD patients should be conducted, and timely surgical revascularization is needed.
Trends in the size of treated unruptured intracranial aneurysms over 35 years
Authors: Khorasanizadeh MirHojjat , Pettersson Samuel D. , Maglinger Benton , Garcia Alfonso , Wang S. Jennifer , Ogilvy Christopher S.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

In the absence of clear guidelines and consistent natural history data, the decision to treat unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is a matter of some controversy. Currently, decisions are often guided by a consensus of cerebrovascular specialist teams and patient preferences. It is unclear how paradigm-shifting developments in the detection and treatment of UIAs have affected the size of the UIAs that are selected for treatment. Herein, the authors aimed to study potential changes in the average size of the UIAs that were treated over time. They hypothesized that the average size of UIAs that are treated is decreasing over time.

METHODS

A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify all studies describing the size of UIAs that were treated using any modality. Scatter diagrams with trend lines were used to plot the size of the aneurysms treated over time and assess for the presence of a potentially significant trend via statistical correlation tests. Subgroup analyses based on type of treatment, country of study, and specialty of the authors were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 240 studies including 35,150 UIAs treated between 1987 and 2021 met all eligibility criteria and were entered in the analysis. The mean age of patients was 55.5 years, and 70.7% of the patients were females. There was a significant decrease in the size of treated UIAs over time (Spearman’s r = −0.186, p < 0.001), with a 0.71-mm decrease in the average size of treated UIAs every 5 years since 1987 and an annual mean dropping below 7 mm in 2012. This decreasing trend was present in surgically and endovascularly treated UIAs (p < 0.001 for both), in more developed and developing countries (p < 0.001 for both), within neurosurgical and non-neurosurgical specialties (p < 0.001 for both), most prominently in the US (Spearman’s r = −0.482, p < 0.001), and less prominently in Europe (Spearman’s r = −0.221, p < 0.001) and was not detected in East Asia.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study indicates that based on the treated UIA size data published in the literature over the past 35 years, smaller UIAs are being treated over time. This trend is likely driven by safer treatments. However, future studies should elucidate the cost-effectiveness of treating smaller UIAs as well as the possible real-world contribution of this trend in preventing aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Incidence and risk factors of posttraumatic hydrocephalus and its association with outcome following intensive care unit treatment for traumatic brain injury: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Lindfors Matias , Vehviläinen Juho , Bendel Stepani , Reinikainen Matti , Laitio Ruut , Ala-Kokko Tero , Hoppu Sanna , Siironen Jari , Skrifvars Markus B. , Raj Rahul
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

Posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a recognized long-term complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The authors assessed the incidence and risk factors of PTH and its association with outcome in patients with TBI who were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).

METHODS

The authors used the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium (FICC) database to retrospectively identify all adult patients with TBI treated in 4 Finnish tertiary ICUs during 2003–2013. All patients were followed up from hospital discharge to a diagnosis of PTH, death, or the end of 2016. PTH was defined as a need for a postdischarge ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial shunt. The authors collected data on shunt-insertion procedures, mortality, and disability status from nationwide registries cross-linked to the FICC database. The authors calculated the occurrence and incidence rates of PTH and used multivariable logistic regression modeling to determine risk factors for PTH and its association with outcome.

RESULTS

Sixty-one of 2882 patients (2.1%) developed PTH during a median follow-up time of 4.6 years, with a median of 102 days (interquartile range 54–220 days) between hospital discharge and PTH. Risk factors for PTH were increasing age (OR 1.02 per year, 95% CI 1.01–1.04); a midline shift of > 5 mm (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.01–3.48); traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.79–7.21); external ventricular drainage (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.68–7.46); and decompressive craniectomy (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.37–9.88). PTH was independently associated with permanent disability after case-mix adjustment (OR 3.62, 95% CI 2.11–6.22).

CONCLUSIONS

PTH is an uncommon long-term complication of TBI, with several risk factors that are identifiable early during neurointensive care. The development of PTH is independently associated with poor functional outcome. Whether earlier detection and treatment of PTH leads to improved outcomes remains unknown, highlighting the importance of adequate follow-up and prompt detection and treatment of the condition.
Comparison of the Risk Analysis Index and the modified 5-factor frailty index in predicting 30-day morbidity and mortality after spine surgery
Authors: Bowers Christian A. , Varela Samantha , Conlon Matthew , Kazim Syed Faraz , Thommen Rachel , Roster Katie , Hall Daniel E. , Schmidt Meic H.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

Frailty’s role in preoperative risk assessment in spine surgery has increased in association with the increasing size of the aging population. However, previous frailty assessment tools have significant limitations. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive ability of the Risk Analysis Index (RAI) with the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) for postoperative spine surgery morbidity and mortality.

METHODS

Data were collected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for adults > 18 years who underwent spine surgery between 2015 and 2019. Multivariate modeling and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, including area under the curve/C-statistic calculations, were performed to evaluate the comparative discriminative ability of RAI and mFI-5 on postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS

In a cohort of 292,225 spine surgery patients, multivariate modeling showed that increasing RAI scores, and not increasing mFI-5 scores, were independent predictors of increased postoperative mortality for the trauma, tumor, and infection subcohorts. In the overall spine cohort, both increasing RAI and increasing mFI-5 scores were associated with increased mortality, but C-statistics indicated that the RAI (C-statistic 0.802 [95% CI 0.800–0.803], p < 0.0001, DeLong test) had superior discrimination compared with the mFI-5 (C-statistic 0.677 [95% CI 0.675–0.679], p < 0.0001, DeLong test). In subgroup analyses, the RAI had superior discriminative ability to mFI-5 for mortality in the trauma and infection groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The RAI demonstrates superior discrimination to the mFI-5 for predicting postoperative mortality and morbidity after spine surgery and the RAI maintains conceptual fidelity to the frailty phenotype. Patients with high RAI scores may benefit from knowing the possibility of increased surgical risk with potential spine surgery.
Medical complications following adult spinal deformity correction in patients with autoimmune disease
Authors: Madelar Rina Therese R. , Oe Shin , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Ide Koichiro , Yamada Tomohiro , Kurosu Kenta , Nakai Keiichi , Matsuyama Yukihiro
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

An aberrant inflammatory response, which plays a role in the development of postoperative complications, is observed in autoimmune diseases, Yet, there is a paucity of literature regarding the effects of autoimmune diseases after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) on postoperative medical complications, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and radiographic alignment in patients who underwent ASD surgery.

METHODS

Propensity-score matching for age and sex was performed for patients with autoimmune disease (group A) and nonautoimmune patients (group NA1). Postoperative medical complications, preoperative and 2-year follow-up PROMs, and preoperative, immediate postoperative, and 2-year follow-up radiographic alignment were evaluated.

RESULTS

Among 386 patients (27 in group A and 359 in group NA1), autoimmune patients had a higher incidence of respiratory complications (11.1% vs 2.2%, p = 0.036), gastrointestinal complications (14.8% vs 3.1%, p = 0.016), urinary tract infections (14.8% vs 3.1%, p = 0.016), cholecystitis (7.4% vs 0%, p = 0.005), and fever of unknown origin (14.8% vs 0%, p < 0.001). Autoimmune patients had worse preoperative ODI (54.2 vs 44.7, p = 0.004) and 2-year follow-up Scoliosis Research Society 22-item Questionnaire (SRS-22) scores (3.1 vs 3.5, p = 0.039), with higher preoperative sacral slope (23.4° vs 17.8°, p = 0.020). Propensity-score matching for age and sex yielded 27 pairs (group A and group NA2). Having at least one medical complication (group A 74.1% vs group NA2 22.2%, p < 0.001), total complications per person (1.3 vs 0.3, p = 0.010), prognostic nutrition index (44.8 vs 48.6, p = 0.034), steroid use (51.9% vs 0%, p < 0.001), immunosuppressant use (48.1% vs 0%, p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (38 vs 27 days, p = 0.018), and discharge to care facility (29.6% vs 7.4%, p = 0.036) were higher in group A. Preoperative ODI (54.2 vs 43.2, p = 0.011) and 2-year follow-up SRS-22 scores (3.1 vs 3.6 p = 0.019) were worse in group A. No differences were observed in radiographic alignment.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with autoimmune disease had higher complication rates and worse PROMs following ASD surgery in this study. There was no difference in spinal alignment compared with controls. Multidisciplinary planning and full disclosure of possible adverse effects should be completed prior to correction of ASD in patients with autoimmune disease.
Democratic capital and economic growth in the countries of the third wave of democratization
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Pakhnin M. A. ,   Institute for Regional Economic Studies RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia, Shapovalov R. O. ,   European University at St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the effect of democracy on economic growth. We provide an overview of theoretical models analyzing the relationship between political regime and economic growth, and characterize the existing empirical results. Theoretical considerations suggest that it is accumulated and not instantaneous level of democracy that affects economic development. In order to capture this idea, we introduce the notion of democratic capital. We estimate the impact of democratic capital on GDP per worker growth rates in a dynamic panel data model from 1990 to 2019 in a sample of 70 countries that have recently transitioned to democracy. Our GMM estimates show that for countries of the third wave of democratization it's capital of democracy has a robustly positive impact on economic growth. The effect of democratic capital is most pronounced in Europe and Latin America, which can be explained by the prevalence of democracy in neighboring countries. Furthermore, the effect of democratic capital is most pronounced in partial democracies than in full or failed democracies, which can be explained by the trade-off between the governmental rent-seeking and public desire for redistribution.
The potential of Russia–DPRK cooperation: economic advantages and political disadvantages
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Bulychev G. B. , Yakovlev A. A. ,   Moscow School of Economics at Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the possible prospects for re-establishing economic and political cooperation between Russia and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in the current geopolitical situation. Despite the development of advanced cooperation between the USSR and the DPRK in historical retrospect, the change of the political regime in Russia led to a complete rupture of economic ties. In the new geopolitical reality and the challenge of Russia’s policy of "turning to the East", it is noteworthy that DPRK takes a radical pro-Russian position on the conflict in Ukraine, which can serve a basis for re-establishing political and economic relations between two countries. However, the prospects for the development of large- scale cooperation between the Russian Federation and the DPRK at the moment seem rather vague, since the North Korean economy remains isolated, the country’s borders are still closed and the country is under UN sanctions pressure and a wide range of bilateral restrictive measures from Western countries for a long time, which blocks almost all forms of economic cooperation. The DPRK’s adaptation to restrictions and the development of mechanisms to circumvent sanctions by creating the necessary financial and logistics infrastructure allow the country to generate income and purchase the necessary goods and resources. It is concluded that with the final loss of Western markets, the importance of DPRK as a trading partner for Russia may increase.
Design and Application of PLC-based Speed Control for DC Motor Using PID with Identification System and MATLAB Tuner
Authors: Saputra Dodi , Ma'arif Alfian , Maghfiroh Hari , Chotikunnan Phichitphon , Rahmadhia Safinta Nurindra
Published: April 2023

Industries use numerous drives and actuators, including DC motors. Due to the wide-ranged and adjustable speed, DC motor is widely used in many industries. However, the DC motor is prone to external disturbance and parameter changes, causing its speed to be unstable. Thus, a DC motor requires an appropriate controller design to obtain a fast and stable speed with a small steady-state error. In this study, a controller was designed based on the PID control method, with the controller gains tuned by trial-and-error and MATLAB Tuner with an identification system. The proposed controller design was implemented using PLC OMRON CP1E NA20DRA in the hardware implementation. Each tuning method was repeated five times so that the system performances could be compared and improved. Based on hardware implementation results, the trial-error method gave acceptable results but had steady-state errors. On the other hand, the use of MATLAB Tuner provided fast system responses with no steady-state error but still had oscillations with high overshoot during the transition. Therefore, the PID controller gains acquired from MATLAB Tuner must be tuned finely to get better system responses.
Fuzzy Fault-Tolerant Control Applied on Two Inverted Pendulums with Nonaffine Nonlinear Actuator Failures
Authors: Bounemeur Abdelhamid , Chemachema Mohamed , Bouzina Salah
Published: April 2023

This paper deals with the problem of fault-tolerant control for a class of perturbed nonlinear systems with nonlinear non-affine actuator faults. Fuzzy systems are integrated into the design of the control law to get rid of the system nonlinearities and the considered actuator faults. Two adaptive controllers are proposed in order to reach the control objective and ensure stability. The first term is an adaptive controller involved to mollify the system uncertainties and the considered actuator faults. Therefore, the second term is known as a robust controller introduced for the purpose of dealing with approximation errors and exogenous disturbances. In general, the designed controller allows to deal automatically with the exogenous disturbances and actuator faults with the help of an online adaption protocol. A Butterworth low-pass filter is utilized to avoid the algebraic loop issue and allows a reliable approximation of the ideal control law. A stability study is performed based on Lyapunov's theory. Two inverted pendulum example is carried out to prove the accuracy of the controller.
Modified Fractional Order PID Controller for Load Frequency Control of Four Area Thermal Power System
Authors: Saba Ahmed Mohammed , Sikiru Tajudeen Humble , Bello Ibrahim , Salawudeen Ahmed Tijani , Dodo Usman Alhaji
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the development of a modified Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller to mitigate frequency deviation in a four-area thermal power system. Change in load demand and noisy power system environment can cause frequency deviation. Reducing high-frequency deviation is very paramount in load frequency control. This is because large frequency deviation can cause the transmission line to be overloaded, which may damage transformers at the transmission level, damage mechanical devices at the generating stations and also damage consumer devices at the distribution level. The conventional PID has been widely used for this problem. However, the parameter values of the various generating units of the power system like generators, turbines and governors keep changing due to numerous on/off witching in the load side. As such, it is essential that the control strategy applied should have a good capability of handling uncertainties in the system parameters and good disturbance rejection. Fractional order PID controller is known to give a higher phase margin resulting in very good disturbance rejection, robustness to high-frequency noise and elimination of steady-state error. A four-area power system was designed, and FOPID was used as the supplementary controller to mitigate frequency deviation. Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) algorithm was used to optimize the gains of the FOPID controller by minimizing Integral Square Error (ISE) as the objective function. Results obtained outperformed other designed methods available in the literature in terms of reducing frequency deviation, tie-line power deviation and area control error.
Творчі принципи Василя Васильєва – артиста оперети та педагога
Authors: Ільченко Петро
Published: April 2023

Мета – дослідити митецький і педагогічний талант артиста Київського державного театру музичної комедії, заслуженого артиста України Василя Васильєва (Василя Володимировича Васильєва-Гуманика, 1898–1987). Методологія дослідження базується на таких наукових підходах: загальноісторичному (окреслення історико-соціокультурного контексту становлення та розвитку творчої особистості митця); аналітичному (опрацювання історіографічних джерел); методі аналогії (для встановлення відношення схожості творчих підходів) та опитування (збір інформації у формі телефонного інтерв’ю); системному (вивчення творчої діяльності В. Васильєва в єдності виконавської та педагогічної творчості); історико-біографічному (визначення основних етапів діяльності В. Васильєва для послідовності викладення подій). Наукова новизна. Дослідження є першою спробою зібрати, систематизувати, проаналізувати виявлену інформацію про творчо-педагогічну діяльність В. Васильєва й оцінити внесок майстра в розвій українського театрального мистецтва середини ХХ ст. Уперше до наукового обігу введено архівні фотографічні матеріали, що доповнюють розуміння творчого шляху митця. Висновки. Багатогранний талант В. Васильєва став вагомим внеском у розвиток музичного театрального мистецтва ХХ ст. Зібрані та проаналізовані матеріали свідчать про унікальний талант комічного виконавця В. Васильєва, який яскраво проявився у втіленні провідних ролей на сцені Київського державного театру музичної комедії. В. Васильєв був неперевершеним майстром творення реалістичних образів на сцені; методика роботи над роллю передбачала психологічний аналіз ролі, вивчення мотивації психологічного стану героя з визначенням індивідуально-психологічних мотивацій поведінки на сцені. До особливостей виконавської манери можна зарахувати реалістичний підхід до створення сценічних образів, тяжіння до «школи удавання», унікальне органічне поєднання на сцені драматичного, вокально-хореографічного, виконавського таланту, широке використання засобів зовнішньої виразності, здатність до блискавичної імпровізації з партнером, влучне застосування комічно-етюдних прийомів виконання. Протягом десяти років співпраці з навчальною театральною студією при Київському театрі оперети В. Васильєв проявив себе як неординарний педагог. У роботі зі студійцями вдало поєднував методи роботи актора над роллю, характерні як для «школи переживання» та системи К. Станіславського, так і для представників «школи удавання».
Самопрезентація та самоідентифікація у світі української сценографії від часів авангарду до сьогодення
Authors: Данилейко Лілія
Published: April 2023

Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості самопрезентації та самоідентифікації української сценографії за кордоном на прикладі визначених мистецьких подій від часів українського авангарду до сьогодення. У статті окреслено світовий контекст розвитку сценографії, проведено паралелі з урахуванням найбільш цікавих світових імен у галузі театрального мистецтва та зазначено, в яких саме подіях і творчих проєктах брали участь українські митці в різні часи. Українська сценографія з 20–30-х років ХХ століття зазнала світового визнання. Обґрунтовано також початок радянської ізоляції та «відлиги» у 60-х роках. Розкрито поступову самоідентифікацію митців як саме українських, а не радянських (російських). Завдяки аналізу останніх досліджень у галузі сценографії та застосуванню методу історичного та мистецтвознавчого аналізів можемо зробити висновок, що українська сценографія змогла вийти на повноцінну самопрезентацію лише з часів незалежності. Наукова новизна. У статті вперше розкрито аспект української сценографії з погляду важливих подій цієї галузі й участі саме українських театральних художників у цих подіях. Висновки статті дають змогу дослідникам сценографії та театру ретельніше звернути увагу саме на міжнародні події в цій галузі та на участь українських театральних художників у них. Зокрема, від першої отриманої всесвітньо визнаної нагороди – Золотої медалі Вадима Меллера крізь радянські часи і участь у Празьких Квадрієнале та Вільнюських бієнале до сьогодення та участі українських художників у Тбіліському бієнале та Празьких Квадрієнале за часів незалежності. Перед нами подвійне завдання – якісно презентувати українську сценографію на міжнародних форумах. І водночас постійно ідентифікувати наших митців минулих часів саме як українських.