bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PRODUKSI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays var.saccharata Sturt) DI LAHAN RAWA
Authors: Widiyanto Arif , Hadiea Jamzuri , Susanti Hilda
Published: February 2019

Penelitian mengenai aplikasi sistem tanam jajar legowo dan pupuk NPK terhadap produksi jagung manis pada lahan rawa telah di laksanakan di Taman Sains Pertanian (TSP) lahan rawa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Lahan Rawa (BALITTRA), Kecamatan Loktabat, Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan dari bulan Juli sampai September 2016. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) yang terdiri atas dua faktor perlakuan yaitu sistem tanam jajar legowo (J) yang terdiri dari tanpa jajar legowo (j0), jajar legowo 2 : 1 (j1) ,jajar legowo 3 : 1 (j2) dan beberapa dosis pupuk NPK yang terdiri dari 0% atau tanpa pupuk NPK (p0), 25% (p1 ), 50% (p2), 75% (p3) dan 100% (p4) dari dosis anjuran 400 kg. ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi kedua faktor hanya berpengaruh terhadap kandungan klorofil a, sedangkan dosis pupuk hanya berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 6 MST, kandungan klorofil a dan indeks luas daun (ILD). Pengamatan lain berupa tinggi tanaman (umur 2, 4 MST), jumlah daun (umur 2, 4, 6 MST), kandungan klorofil b, klorofil total, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, jumlah baris, berat basah, berat kering dan kadar air tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan tunggal maupun interaksinya.Kata kunci : Jajar legowo, NPK, jagung manis
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BOKASHI BATANG PISANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TERUNG UNGU
Authors: Jayantia Kamelia Dwi , Ridwan Ridwan , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: February 2019

Terung merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang digemari oleh masyarakat karena rasanya yang enak dan mengandung gizi yang cukup tinggi. Pertumbuhan dan produksi terung selain dipengaruhi oleh varietas, keadaan iklim dan cara budidaya, juga dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan hara di dalam tanah. Unsur hara dapat diperoleh dari pupuk organik, seperti bokashi batang pisang. Pemanfaatan batang pisang sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bokashi dapat mengurangi limbah hasil pertanian sekaligus mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk bokashi batang pisang terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman terung ungu serta dosis pupuk bokashi yang menghasilkan respon terbaik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kayamanya, Kabupaten Poso. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok 5 x 5. Perlakuan terdiri dari 5 taraf dosis bokashi (P0 = tanpa; P1 = 5 ton/ha, P2 = 10 ton/ha; P3 = 15 ton/ha; P4 = 20 ton/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bokashi batang pisang berpengaruh nyata hingga sangat nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan dan produksi, kecuali pada parameter bobot buah.Kata kunci: Bokashi, pertumbuhan dan produksi terung ungu
The Two Worlds of Father Politics in the Republic of Ireland: Swedish versus American Influences
Authors: Rush Michael
Published: February 2019

This paper contributes to the field of comparative research on fatherhood practice and policy. Specifically, the paper promotes knowledge of welfare state variations by providing a theoretical model of ‘two worlds’ of father politics, as exemplified by the USA and Sweden. By adopting a historical approach, the analysis identifies a longstanding divergence between neo-patriarchal trends in the USA and de-patriarchalisation trends in Sweden. In addition, the study finds that neopatriarchal perspectives on fatherhood have amplified under the American neo-liberal social policy paradigm of welfare to work. Ireland as other countries is increasingly open to neo-liberal trends in welfare state development. In this study, analysis of Irish social policy debates identifies a shift in the importance of fatherhood research to father and family policies. By studying the historical process in Ireland through key policy documents, the paper illustrates how policy preferences are legitimised through a process of drawing upon selected national and international fatherhood research findings. A key finding is that Irish social policy has consistently failed to consider the Swedish alternative of gender egalitarianism, family pluralism and generous parental leave entitlements. Instead, what hold favour in Ireland are American conservative neopatriarchal influences that seek to protect patriarchal familism within marriage against social and demographic change.
Materialism, Gender, and Family Values in Europe
Authors: Tanaka Kimiko , Lowry Deborah
Published: February 2019

Ideational change has been posited as a key element in shifting family and fertility behaviors insofar as values are driving factors behind subsequent practices. Still, factors that shape family and parenthood values have received relatively less attention. Moreover, the possibility that these factors vary in type or extent by gender or across socio-cultural context has not been adequately explored. Using the 1999 European Values Survey, this paper aims to contribute to knowledge about family values formation by examining whether the tendency to express traditional views about family is associated with the extent to which a person adheres to “(post-)materialist” values. Additionally, we examine the extent to which geopolitical context is associated with family values. Our results suggest that the relationship between materialism and traditional family values varies by gender and the particular family value in question, and that geopolitical boundaries had a strong association with family values.
Family Processes as Predictors of Antisocial Behaviors among Adolescents from Urban, Single-Mother Malay Families in Malaysia
Authors: Baharudin Rozumah , Krauss Steven Eric , Yacoob Siti Nor , Pei Tan Jo
Published: February 2019

This study set out to determine the relationship between family processes (i.e. parenting behavior, family values and family competency) and antisocial behavior among adolescents (m = 14.42 years) from urban, single-mother families in Malaysia. The sample comprised 240 Malay single mother-adolescent dyads from four states in Peninsula Malaysia. Findings revealed that parenting behavior (r = -0.29, p < .001) and family competency (r = -0.20, p < .01) were significantly and negatively related to adolescent antisocial behavior. None of the family background variables were significantly related to adolescent antisocial behavior. After controlling for family background variables, multiple regression results indicated that both parenting behavior and family competency uniquely predicted antisocial behavior (F = 12.24; p < .001). The results suggest that Malaysian adolescents from urban single-mother families with low functioning and low parenting quality were at higher risk for engaging in antisocial behaviors. Implications on research and practice as well as Malaysian social policies are considered.
Gender Role Disruption and Marital Satisfaction among Wives of Chinese International Students in the United States
Authors: Zhang Jing , Smith Suzanna , Swisher Marilyn , Fu Danling , Fogarty Kate
Published: February 2019

Chinese wives coming to the U.S. while their husbands study at American universities are cast in a untenable situation rooted in a conflict between Chinese socialization for gender roles and their status in the U.S. While China sanctions gender role equality in education and the workplace and paid work is expected of women and men alike, sojourning wives are thrust into a dependent position, at least for some unpredictable period of time during their stay in the U.S. This study examines what we refer to as gender role disruption, and how conflict between gender ideology and gender roles affects marital satisfaction, through the mediating effect of selfesteem, among wives of Chinese international students in the U.S. The study was framed by two theories–feminism and symbolic interactionism. A self-completion questionnaire and follow-up interviews were conducted with a sample of Chinese sojourning wives, generating both quantitative and qualitative data. Although the results of the quantitative data analysis did not find an association between gender role disruption and marital satisfaction, qualitative results suggested that gender role disruption was related to marital satisfaction, although indirectly, through variables illuminated in the in-depth interviews. In particular, individual characteristics, spousal support, and adjustment to the new culture seemed to be important to marital satisfaction in the sojourning context. Further research, using a larger sample and additional variables brought out through the qualitative data, would shed more light on this process. Implications for counselors, advisors, and others working with international students and their families are discussed.
Intergenerational Coresidence in China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan: Comparative Analyses Based on the East Asian Social Survey 2006
Authors: Yasuda Tokio , Iwai Noriko , Chin-chun Yi , Guihua Xie
Published: February 2019

A high percentage of elderly parents who live with their adult children is one of the notable living arrangement patterns among senior citizens in East Asia. The present study investigated intergenerational coresidence in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan by using data from East Asian Social Survey 2006. With a sample of couples aged between 20 to 59 who are married, and those whose parents are alive, determinants of intergenerational coresidence were examined by logistic regression. The results revealed that while sharing similar patriarchal norms, intergenerational coresidence has been functioning somewhat differently depending on the socioeconomic condition of each society. In Taiwan, the association between traditional values and coresidence was relatively strong. In South Korea, external constraints may hinder coresidence although their preference and needs for coresidence were high. In Japan, untraditional coresidence that satisfies adult children’s needs was prevalent. In China, both traditional values and needs of parents and adult children were related to coresidence. Implication of differences among East Asian societies is briefly discussed.
Ethnographic Family Research: Predicaments and Possibilities of Doing Fieldwork on Intergenerational Relations in Singapore
Authors: Goransson Kristina
Published: February 2019

This paper addresses the use of ethnographic methods in the field known as family studies. While ethnographic methods are fundamental in the anthropological study of kinship and family, quantitative methods have long dominated family studies. To grasp the ideas and actions of human beings, however, we must pay attention to their intentions and recognize that intentions are not necessarily simply pragmatic reactions to economic or political conditions. One reward of ethnographic fieldwork is that the extended timeframe enables the researcher to gain insights into the construction of meaning in everyday life. Based on the author’s experiences during longterm fieldwork on intergenerational expectations and obligations in Singapore, the paper demonstrates how the role of the researcher, as well as the accumulation of ethnographic data, is shaped and constructed in interaction with informants. While an anthropological approach contributes to an in-depth understanding of family practices on the ground, it requires a high degree of self-reflexivity with regard to fieldwork relations and the interpretation of data, since the ethnographer’s social position, including age, gender, class, and ethnicity/nationality, inevitably shapes the access to informants. The paper sheds light on the different aspects of fieldwork and the process of ethnographic understanding.
Fertility Decline and Family Change in India: A Demographic Perspective
Authors: Ram Bali
Published: February 2019

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between fertility decline and selected patterns of the Indian family in the late 20th century. Much of the analysis presented in the study is based on secondary data collected and compiled by various organizations, including the three most recent National Family Health Surveys, 1990-92, 1998-99, and 2005-06. I find that since the mid-1970s, fertility decline in India has been impressive (falling from about 6 to 3 children per woman within an interval of 30 years). Its pace has slowed down in recent years and regional differences have remained largely unchanged. In 2003-05, the fertility rate varied from below replacement level for Goa, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and four southern states (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) to about four children per woman for Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. In general, most Indian couples–even in low fertility states–have more children than they would like. The two-child family is the most desired. Although the one child family is increasingly accepted, it remains largely marginal while the prevalence of voluntary childlessness is virtually nonexistent. The average age at marriage has increased over the years, yet early marriages continue to be prevalent in many parts of the country. The median age at marriage for women is as low as 16 years (in 2003-05) in Andhra Pradesh and Bihar. The average age of women when they have their first child has barely changed–staying below age 20–over several generations. However, the age when they complete their childbearing has declined, resulting in a compression of the reproductive life span. Couples continue to accept female sterilization as a means to stop having children rather than choose other methods of contraception for the purpose of child spacing. Most couples are increasingly opting for a smaller number of children, yet they would like to make sure that one of them is a boy. Thus many continue to have children until they have a boy, although this pattern has become less pronounced among couples of younger generations.
The Successful Combination of Work and Family in Finland: The Ability to Compromise as a Key Factor
Authors: Uusiautti Satu , Määttä Kaarina
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on the success at work from the family’s point of view. This article is based on two researches in Finland: one that concentrated on marital success (N= 342 married couples) and the other one in which the employees of the year (N=8) described their solutions to combine work and family successfully. By uniting these two perspectives, the purpose is to give a unique description of how both the family and work roles can be combined in order to enhance succeeding both at work and in family life. This article answers to the following questions: 1) In what way is it possible to combine work and family successfully? 1.1) according to the long and happily married couples? 1.2) according to the employees of the year? Based on these researches, the ability to compromise satisfactorily was the linking factor between these life dimensions. The participants that had succeeded at work and in family life had found a balance between work and family satisfying to both of the spouses. This article is of topical concern as the current tendency of the demands on effectiveness and development at work due to changes in work life have been increasing and at the same time, the family values are becoming more and more appreciated.
Divorce and Intergenerational Support: Comparing the Perceptions of Divorced Adults and Their Parents
Authors: Moore Elena , Timonen Virpi , O’Dwyer Ciara , Doyle Martha
Published: February 2019

Many studies have indicated that intergenerational support may be required when people separate from their spouse. However, the difference between the younger and older generation’s experience of such intergenerational support at a time of divorce is under-researched. This article examines differences in perceptions of divorced adults and their parents, hereafter referred to as the younger and older generation. The analysis is based on two different sample sets of in-depth interviews conducted in 2008 in Ireland. Findings from the interviews showed that, whereas the older generation believed they provided both emotional and practical support (financial, childcare and housing), the younger generation felt they received and benefited from practical support over and above emotional support. The findings show a striking divergence in perceptions of emotional support between the two generations. The article contributes to the discussion of the structure and meaning of intergenerational support at a time of divorce and discusses the factors which impact upon the experience of such support.
Multiple Family Households East of the Hajnal Line: Evidence from Albania and Serbia
Authors: Gruber Siegfried
Published: February 2019

This article uses the Albanian population census of 1918 and the published results of four Serbian censuses of the second half of the 19th century to study the proportion of multiple family households in these countries. During the second half of the 19th century household complexity increased in Serbia despite a widespread notion of the dissolution of the multiple family households there. This confirms research that points to the fact that household divisions were a regular phenomenon and did not mean the dissolution of the institution of multiple family households. These two countries east of the Hajnal-line showed strong tendencies of living in multiple family households in this time period. The postulated contrast to Western Europe can therefore be based on evidence from quantitative research. Household complexity was higher in Northern Albania and in Serbia in the west, southwest and southeast of the country and we have to be aware that there were considerable variations within these countries.
Neo-Polygamous Activity among the Bedouin of the Negev, Israel: Dysfunction, Adaptation—Or Both?
Authors: Dinero Steven C
Published: February 2019

Polygynous marriage among the bedouin of the Negev Desert, Israel, has gone through a number of phases over the past century. While historically, this practice was relatively rare, limited to wealthier sheikhs and tribal leaders, it has increased since Israeli independence (1948) as economic opportunity and social pressures have fostered its expansion. Two key historic changes in the region are seen to have played a role in the growth of polygyny: the establishment of a forced bedouin sedentarization initiative beginning in 1965, and the Israeli conquest of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967. These developments, along with the signing of a peace treaty with Jordan in 1994, opened opportunities for polygynous relationships with women from outside the Negev, as well. This paper documents the development of a more recent practice in which bedouin men are now seeking co-wives from outside of the Middle East altogether. This practice, I contend, contradicts State interests, and the desires to manage and “modernize” this community as originally designed by the resettlement initiative. Rather, such “neopolygynous” behavior well exemplifies bedouin communal efforts to negotiate their newly developing post-nomadic–and possibly, postbedouin–identities within an ever-expanding “Third Space.”
Between Law and Custom: Women, Family Law and Marriage in Pakistan
Authors: Critelli Filomena M
Published: February 2019

In this study, women’s marriage experiences in Pakistan, specifically their agency and autonomy to enter and terminate their marriages, were examined. Qualitative interviews with 15 women living in a shelter in Pakistan were used to analyze women’s rights in marriage as articulated in the law and the manner in which they are experienced in practice. A significant gap between women’s de jure rights and de facto exercise of their rights is revealed. Women who transgress narrowly defined boundaries of behavior by exercising their rights encountered violence, family estrangement and stigmatization. Shifting attitudes among women and a desire for greater self-determination regarding their marriages emerged from the narratives. Strengthening the legal framework and rule of law and mass public education regarding legal and human rights in Pakistan are recommended to protect women’s rights and elevate the status of women in the family and society.
Parentification, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Health in Black and White American College Students: Implications of Family-of-Origin and Cultural Factors
Authors: Hooper Lisa M , Wallace Scyatta A , Doehler Kirsten , Dantzler John
Published: February 2019

The authors examined the predictive ability of parentification (i.e., when parental roles and responsibilities are abdicated by parents and carried out by children and adolescents) and ethnic identity on various psychological health factors in college students. Scores from five measures were used to test a conceptual two-factor model in which parentification and ethnic identity predict psychological health; participants were 157 Black Americans and 157 White Americans attending a large public southern university. The measures included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders, and Monteiro, 2001), the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Steer, and Brown, 1996), the Eating Attitudes Test (Gamer, Olmsted, Bohr, and Garfinkel, 1982), the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney, 1992), and the Parentification Inventory (Hooper, 2009). No evidence of a significant difference in mean parentification scores between Black American and White American college student participants was found. However, results from differential item function analyses on individual Parentification Inventory items uncovered some significant differences between the two groups. Results from bivariate correlations uncovered slight differences in the significant associations between predictor variables and outcome variables. In addition, multivariate regression analyses revealed slight differences in study variables’ ability to predict psychological health. Parentification and ethnic identity explained some of the variability in depressive symptoms in both samples. Additionally, parentification and ethnic identity explained some of the variability in disordered eating symptoms in the Black American sample but not in the White American sample. Implications for culturally tailored practice and directions for future culturally focused research are discussed.
Mate Selection in Bolivia: A Comparison of Rural and Urban Practices and Preferences
Authors: Schvaneveldt Paul L , Hubler Daniel
Published: February 2019

Mate selection preferences and practices were studied in rural and urban settings in Bolivia. The research examined preferences in potential marital partners and also practices in couple formation. A social exchange perspective was used to explain potentially rewarding or costly characteristics of a potential partner. Rural and urban differences in Bolivia are profound in cultural and economic matters. Comparisons between the two cultural areas identified significant differences in mate selection preferences and practices. Results affirm major principles of exchange theory that individuals prefer potential partners with traits that are considered rewarding and avoid partners who are viewed as less attractive or costly. Important differences by region were identified and illustrate how social context plays an important role in shaping the couple formation process.
The Beginning and End of Parental Responsibility — Finnish Parents’ Views
Authors: Perälä-Littunen Satu , Böök Marja Leena
Published: February 2019

Parental responsibility is considered to be one of the key concepts in parenting. This article examines the views of two Finnish groups interviewed—five mothers and three fathers—regarding the beginning and end of parental responsibility. The mothers came to a more or less shared conclusion that parental responsibility begins before the child is horn. The fathers held varying views, from ’before the child’s birth’ to concluding that parental responsibility begins later for men than for women. Both mothers and fathers described the end as the transformation of responsibility into worrying as the children grow up. The mothers said that responsibility ends when a child has a family of her or his own, while fathers maintained that the parents are in some way responsible throughout their lives.
Disembedding the Traditional Family: Grounded Theory and the Study of Family Change among Mangor and Gaverk Tribes of Iranian Kurdistan
Authors: Mohammadpur Ahmad
Published: February 2019

The aim of this article is to explore the meaning of family changes among Mangor and Gaverk tribes of Mahabad Township in Iranian Kurdistan. The interpretive paradigm provided the conceptual framework used to explain various aspects of the inquiry. Data were collected and analyzed using “(irounded Theory” methodology. Seven main categories and supporting factors were identified during analysis. These include: the traditional family, modernization, enculturation, detraditionalization, empowerment, and the modernized family. The core category constructed during selective coding was conceptualized as a process of “Discmbcdding the Traditional Family.” This category captures the nature of family changes and pulls together all of the other main categories. According to this category, the people of the region interpret family changes in their community as relative the traditional family structure has been replaced with new a family structure and functions. The results arc represented in a conceptual model consisting of conditions, interactions, and consequences arranged around the core category.
Family Flexibility and Children’s Time Involvement with Parents
Authors: Ono Hiromi , Ono Hiroshi , Sander James
Published: February 2019

This study uses time diary data from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine patterns in young school-age (6-12 years) children’s time involvement with parents in nontraditional families versus first married biological parent families. Our results reveal that: (a) children’s involvement levels with mothers do not vary by family type but (b) children’s involvement levels with stepfathers (in either first marriages or remarriages) are lower than their involvement levels with biological fathers in first marriages. Among remarried stepfather families, children’s lower levels of involvement with fathers are explained by mothers’ disapproval of informal unions.
Parenting Constraints and Supports of Young Low-income Mothers in Rural United States
Authors: Callan Francesca Devaney , Dolan Elizabeth M
Published: February 2019

This study explores the different supports and constraints to parenting of 13 young rural low-income mothers in the United States (US) who had their children at the age of 20 or younger. The family ecology theory guided the research. Five themes regarding supports and constraints that assisted or hindered their parenting abilities were found: mental health, employment, social support, institutional support, and maternal role. The multiple levels within the family ecology theory can directly or indirectly contribute to the mother’s parenting abilities, feelings of support, life satisfaction, employment, mental health, and confidence in the maternal role. Acknowledging the context of these mothers’ experiences is important to better provide support and resources to young mothers living in poverty in rural US.
Gender and Divorce in Contemporary Singapore
Authors: Sun Shirley Hsiao-Li , Chong Wen Ee , Lim Si Hui
Published: February 2019

How do individuals perceive and experience divorce in a self-proclaimed Confucian state, but with a legal system based on the English common law system? Moreover, are there differences in the experiences between divorced women with professional careers and divorced men whose ex-wives are professional women? This paper attempts to address these questions in the context of Singapore, a city-state in Southeast Asia, where more than 70% of the citizenry is Singaporean Chinese. While most existing studies have examined women’s and men’s experiences with divorce separately, we compare and contrast these individuals’ experiences in the same cultural and legal context. We analyze the qualitative data collected through semistructured interviews with 14 Singaporean Chinese divorcees and illustrate how the three dimensions of divorce experiences—specifically the perceptions and experiences of Court proceedings, the coping strategies, and postdivorce parenting—vary along the gender line. We suggest that individuals not only act to end their marriages, but also come to terms with their gendered identities through managing their roles in the family and interacting with family members in distinctive ways.
Portraits of the Italian Family: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Blangiardo Gian Carlo , Rimoldi Stefania
Published: February 2019

The shape of the Italian family has radically transformed since the second half of the last century: both vertical and horizontal ties have loosened due to major changes in marriage and fertility. The signs of modernity (increases in cohabitation, birth outside marriage, separation, and divorce) have clashed with the persistence of the traditional model of the “strong” family (through the long stay in family of origin, for example), causing a short circuit in the population vitality. The most dynamic group consists of foreign families, a relatively new phenomenon for the Italian society, which has grown along with the development of the integration process. This study aims to deeply investigate these dynamics and to depict possible future scenarios (both in numeric and structural terms) on the basis of projected data.
Transition to Adulthood in Italy: An Intergenerational Perspective
Authors: Carrà Elisabetta , Lanz Margherita , Tagliabue Semira
Published: February 2019

In the last few decades the transition to adulthood has been taking longer to complete, especially in the Western world. As Italy is one of the first countries affected by this phenomenon, the results of 30 years of research in that area are now available. The aim of this contribution is to present the Italian situation through an intergenerational approach, to identify the implications of the delayed assumption of adult roles. Both sociological and psychological findings are thus analysed to provide a richly articulated picture of the Italian phenomenon. Several findings identify the main characteristics of the transition in Italy as the joint effect of prolonged co-residence in the parental home and delayed marriage. The central role played by the family of origin highlights the advantage of the intergenerational approach adopted in the study. The family’s crucial role could, in fact, be explained by the absence of adequate welfare policies (hence the compensating support of family relationships), as well as the perception of cultural intergenerational obligations. However, only a generative family and a generative society, (i.e., a family and society giving birth to, caring for, and letting go of, the younger generation) could provide a generative context in which young adults could find their own adult roles, within both family (by creating a new family) and society (being recognised as adults who contribute to social development).
Hiring Domestic Help and Family Well-Being in Hong Kong: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Cheung Adam Ka-Lok
Published: February 2019

The outsourcing of household tasks has become an important strategy for couples to avert the conflict between work and family roles. There is an increasing trend of domestic outsourcing, including the use of hired domestic help, in many societies where work-family conflict is prevalent. Despite the increasing popularity of outsourcing domestic tasks, the possible impact of hiring domestic help on family relations remains an important gap in the literature. The contributions of hiring domestic help to the employers' family, such as averting marital conflict and improving marital quality, are often assumed in the literature but are rarely examined using empirical data, especially in a non-western context. This paper investigates the effects of hiring domestic help on two indicators of the employers' family well-being: marital conflict and marital quality. Analyzing data from a territory-wide representative household survey in Hong Kong (N = 974) using the propensity score matching method, the current study finds only weak positive effects of hiring domestic help. None of the effects are statistically significant. Contrary to previous claims, the data from this study suggest that the effects of hiring domestic help on the employers' family wellbeing are far from substantial. These findings are consistent with previous research suggesting that hiring a paid domestic helper to share the housework does not substantially change the division of domestic labor. Previous studies which assumed that hiring domestic help enabled families with resources to enjoy a better family life may have been overly optimistic. Further investigations on the family life of these families after they had hired domestic help are called for.
Language and Non-linguistic Brokering: Diversity of Experiences of Immigrant Young Adults from Eastern Europe
Authors: Lazarevic Vanja , Raffaelli Marcela , Wiley Angela
Published: February 2019

Brokering, or the work immigrant youth do to help their families adapt to a new society, is a common phenomenon in immigrant families, but has only recently been explored in research studies. Most researchers focus on language brokering (translating and interpreting) rather than non-linguistic types of brokering (e.g., helping parents study for the citizenship exam), and studies have mainly involved Latino adolescents. The current study simultaneously examines different types of, and feelings about, brokering work among first-generation immigrant young adults (Mage = 22.92, SD = 2.89; 63.5% female) from Eastern Europe (N = 197). Both existing and newly developed brokering measures were administered to the participants. Findings indicate that immigrant youth engage in non-linguistic brokering for their parents more often than in language brokering, and feel more positive about non-linguistic brokering than language-focused brokering. Further, findings point to the diversity of immigrant experiences, and the implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
The Relationship Between Grandparents and Their Grandchildren in the Black Families in South Africa
Authors: Mtshali Mduduzi Nkosinathi Gladwin
Published: February 2019

This paper examines at the role of grandparents in Black South African families in raising their grandchildren. The available literature indicates that caregiving patterns and the underlying causes of grandparent caregiving could be very different between grandparents in Black families in African countries and those in Western societies. In the West, grandparents often step in to assume responsibility for their grandchildren when their children are dysfunctional from such things as alcohol, drug abuse, and mental or emotional problems. In African cultures, Black grandparents are more commonly involved in the care of young children, and that is why Black grandparents do not view grandparenting as stressful. In South Africa, where high HIV prevalence among younger-to-middle aged adults has led to a heavy burden on Black grandparents, especially grandmothers, to care for their grandchildren who are orphans. These Black grandmothers view grandparenting as ‘natural’ for them, amidst the escalating AIDS epidemic, to assume additional family responsibilities.
Developmental Milestone Expectations, Parenting Styles, and Self-Construal of Caregivers from Malay, Chinese and Indian Backgrounds in Malaysia
Authors: Salehuddin Khazriyati , Winskel Heather
Published: February 2019

The developmental milestone expectations, parenting style, self-construal in Malaysian caregivers from Malay, Chinese and Indian backgrounds were examined. Striking commonalities emerged, which is in line with the shared collectivist characteristics of these three ethnic groups. Self-construal and parenting style were not significantly different between ethnic groups or mothers and fathers. Caregivers were more likely to endorse an authoritative than authoritarian parenting style. For the developmental milestone expectations, similar age expectations for self-care, emotional control and environmental independence were shared. Indian parents had relatively delayed age expectations for compliance, peer interaction and communication and a later age expectation than the Malay caregivers for education. These later age expectations reflect the relaxed, indulgent view of childrearing held by caregivers from an Indian background. It is important for early childhood educationalists to be aware of cultural differences, so that the transition from home to school can be facilitated in all children.
A Qualitative Exploration of African Adolescent Refugees’ Attachment Relationships
Authors: Bettmann Joanna E , Wright Rachel , Olson-Morrison Debra , Sinkamba Refilwe P
Published: February 2019

This qualitative investigation explored the attachment relationships of African adolescent refugees living in the United States. The study reviewed attachment behaviors in African cultures and examined how adolescent refugees experienced their attachment relationships. Narrative data gathered from Adult Attachment Interviews with 23 African adolescent refugees in the United States were analyzed. Results highlighted the importance of the extended family and showed improved parental relationships following migration. The results carry implications for understanding crosscultural attachment issues, suggestions for clinical work with refugee populations, and policy ramifications.
Positive Parenting and Parenting Stress Among Working Mothers in Finland, the UK and the Netherlands: Do Working Time Patterns Matter?
Authors: Rönkä Anna , Malinen Kaisa , Sevón Eija , Metsäpelto Riitta-Leena , May Vanessa
Published: February 2019

This study explored the effects of working time patterns on positive parenting and parenting stress, and the moderating effects of working hours, the unpredictability of work schedules, and autonomy over working time in a European context. This cross-national survey study compared Finnish (n = 337), Dutch (n = 283) and British (n = 317) mothers with children under the age of 13, using structural equation modeling with a multigroup procedure. We found a connection between working time patterns and positive parenting but the nature of the connection differed between countries. In all three countries, no relationship was found between working time pattern and parenting stress, while unpredictable work schedules were associated with both reduced positive parenting and increased parenting stress. The study contributes to our understanding of the role that country-specific socio-cultural context plays in the impact that working time patterns can have on parenting.
The Mother-Child Relationship and Children’s Behaviours: A Multilevel Analysis in Two Countries
Authors: Aytac Berna , Pike Alison
Published: February 2019

We examined the influences of culture, maternal malaise, household chaos, and both family-wide and child-specific aspects of parenting on children’s adjustment in a socioeconomically diverse sample of 118 English and 100 Turkish families. Each family included two children aged 4-8 years, enabling the separation of within- and between-family factors by modelling the multilevel structure of the data. Mothers reported about the parent-child relationship, contextual factors, child behaviours (internalising, externalising and prosocial). Maternal differential treatment, age, and gender were tested as sources of within-family variance, and culture, household chaos, maternal malaise, and family-wide parenting were tested as sources of between-family variance. The current study adds to the literature by showing the effects of maternal treatment were different for Turkish and English children. Conversely, similar effects across cultures were revealed for age, gender, household chaos and maternal malaise.
The Existence of Regional Representative Council (DPD) and Regional Political Aspiration in Indonesia
Authors: NG Marshaal , Suatmiati Sri , Marlina Heni
Published: February 2019

The affirmation of DPD’s existence is not only from the formal legal side, but also from the acceptance of regional aspiration that to be conveyed and fought in the central level. This is because during this time there are many problems in the region which has not been accommodated yet by the Central. DPD and DPR could formulate a mutual agreement. But the agreement must reflect the compromise between all the political power in the MPR. DPD need to have more space to take part. Thus, it is expected to be more active in the struggle for the interests and region's aspirations.
Implementasi Teori Operant Conditioning Dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidkan Agama Islam Melalui Pendampingan Guru Al-Qur’an
Authors: Marfiyanto Tri , Syafi’i Ahmad , Hermawan Hermawan
Published: February 2019

Guru yang merupakan icon penting dalam dunia pendidikan Islam, di mana keberhasilan lembaga pendidikan Islam dalam mencetak peserta didiknya tidak terlepas dari eksistensi pendidik yang memiliki sifat-sifat pendidik yang baik di samping kemampuan skillnya sedang al-Qur’an merupakan qur’anan, hudan dan al-Furqan oleh karena itu mata pelajaran al-Qur’an merupakan sesuatu hal yang bisa dikatakan wajib dalam program pengembangan kurikulum di lembaga pendidikan Islam namun pada kenyataannya dari data yang didapat dan observasi lapangan ketersedian guru mata pelajaran Al-Qur’an di Sekolah Dasar Mujahidin 2 Surabaya masih minim dari segi kualitas dan profesionalitas sehingga capaian pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran al-Qur’an pun kurang sesuai yang diharapkan  sehingga Teori operant coditioning oleh B.F. Skinner yaitu condisioning dalam arti kebiasaan, insight yang berarti pengertian, dan modelling dengan pengertian tauladan dirasa sangat sesuai melalui pendekatan, strategi, metode, dan teknik pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran al-Qur’an maka selanjutnya penggabungan dari metode pembiasaan, pengertian dan tauladan terbukti efektif dalam capaian pembelajaran al-Qur’an di Sekolah Dasar Mujahidin 2 Surabaya
Health literacy: An essential element of health care professionalism and resilience
Authors: Parnell Terri Ann , Agris Julie
Published: February 2019

This report discusses the importance of incorporating health literacy into health care professionalism and resilience. It defines health care management professionalism and its subcomponents. The report addresses the need for an improved definition of health care management professionalism. The inclusion of health literacy is not only important to the improved definition, but also to health care management education competencies.

The report builds on the move towards competency-based education as a strategy to address health literacy in the areas of professionalism and ethics for healthcare professionals. This could lead to building healthcare systems with healthcare professionals who encompass high levels of professionalism as well as incorporating tools to combat burnout and increasing resilience.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2016
Authors: Akla Akla
Published: February 2019

This research aims to reveal the data of Arabic language learning in Lampung. This research is focused on teachers professionality, Arabic learning process, and  students’ Arabic language skills that consist of istima’, kalam, qira’ah, and kitabah. This research refers to a survey study by collecting information from sample through questionnaire. The objectives of this research not only examine the map of teachers professionality, Arabic learning process, and students’ Arabic language skills but also find out the interaction between learning process and students’ Arabic skills. The samples of this research were 49 Arabic teachers and 382 students of Islamic Senior High School around Lampung. From the results of analysis data, it can be concluded that teachers professionality belongs to medium level, Arabic learning process belongs to medium level, students’ Arabic language skills belong to low level. The results of associative analysis showed that there is a significant influence between learning process and students’ Arabic language skills; therefore, it can be regarded that un-maximal learning process and environment have an impact towards the students low-level Arabic language skills.
Evaluasi Interaksi Sosial dan Aksesibilitas Penyandang Disabilitas pada Pelayanan Akademik di Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro
Authors: Sunarwan Aisyah
Published: February 2019

The study about empowerment of people with disability is often done by government and social organizations. This can be seen from the publication of the regulation on the fulfillment of the rights of Personal with Disability (PwDs) summarized in Law number 8 of 2016. Previously, children with special needs (disable) get their right of education only in special schools, thus it impacts to social interaction with children who have no obstacles.

Inclusive education offers an integrated education model. Inclusive education is conducted to train the interaction of all people from various circles in order to build friendship and association naturally. It also to motivate children who have special needs to be more confident.

Through this background the writer conducted research on the interaction process of people with disability and accessibility and academic services at State Institution for Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Metro by using qualitative descriptive method. It is explorative or developmental in interpreting and drawing conclusions. The result of this research is the process of social interaction between PwDs and the academic community runs fairly. The academic service and the fulfillment of the right to education at IAIN Metro are excellent. However, architectural accessibility on the campus of IAIN Metro needs the significant shortcomings that require continuous improvement. So that the IAIN Metro environment can become an educational institution that is friendly to the environment and can realize inclusive education.
Kajian Ekonomi Pariwisata Syariah Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Rahmi Nanda
Published: February 2019

Kota Banda Aceh adalah ibukota Provinsi Aceh yang merupakan salah satu daerah yang memberlakukan Syariat Islam di Indonesia. Kota Banda Aceh juga mengalami dampak yang besar saat bencana Tsunami menghancurkan tanah Aceh pada tahun 2004 lalu. Walau pernah mengalami bencana besar, kini Kota Banda Aceh kembali berbenah diri untuk menjadi tempat destinasi pariwisata berbasis syariah dengan mengandalkan kawasan pariwisata, adat istiadat, dan budaya.Pengembangan sektor pariwisata Kota Banda Aceh dilakukan berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai Islam. Sektor pariwisata ini diharapkan menjadi sektor utama yang mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Peningkatan jumlah kunjungan pariwisata menjadi faktor pendukung terjadinya peningkatan infrastruktur dan sarana pendukung lainnya sehingga sektor pariwisata mampu menjadi sektor utama terhadap peningkatan perekonomian daerah. Peningkatan ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan subsektor hotel, restoran, dan biro perjalanan wisata. Peningkatan perekonomian ini juga tampak dari peningkatan kontribusi sektor pariwisata terhadap perekonomian Banda Aceh.