bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the shoot characteristics and plant resistance to vascular-streak dieback on cocoa
Authors: Wahyu Soesilo Agung , Sari Indah Anita
Published: September 2018

Vascular-streak dieback (Oncobasidium theobromae) is a serious disease on cocoa damaging the vegetative tissue especially on the branches and leaves. This research was aimed to identify the relationship between characteristics of sprouting ability and VSD resistance to confirm the response of cocoa to pruning treatment on VSD control and developing criteria for selection. Trial was carried out at Kaliwining Experimental Station of ICCRI, a VSD-endemic area by using 668 plants of hybrid populayion which were derivated from intercrossing among seven clones performing different response to VSD. The resistance was evaluated by scoring the plant damage with the scale of 0-6 on drought season in the year of 2009 and 2011. The characteristics of sprouting ability was assessed by recording the pruned trees for the variables of the number of re-growth shoot, shoot height, number of new shoot per pruned branches, shoot diameter and number of leaves per shoot. It was analyzed that the variables of the number of shoot per pruned branches, shoot diameter, shoot height and number of leaves per shoot were not significantly correlated to the score of VSD damage. Grouping of the resistance also performed similar results whereas mean of the sprouting variables were not different among group but the percentage of sprouted branches tend to be higher with the higher of the resistance (lower score). This result confirmed any mechanism of tolerance on VSD resistance by accelerating shoot rejuvenation on resistant plant. Key words : vascular-streak diaback, cocoa, resistance, characteristics of sprouting
Performance of a Big Scale Green House Type Dryer for Coffee Drying Process
Authors: Widyotomo Sukrisno
Published: September 2018

Dying is one of important steps in coffee processing to produce good quality. Greenhouse is one of artificial drying alternatives that potential for coffee drying method cause of cleans environmental friendly, renewable energy sources and chippers. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute has developed and testing a big scale greenhouse type dryer for fresh coffee cherries and wet parchment coffee drying process. Greenhouse has 24 m length, 18 m width, also 3 m high of the front side and 2 m high of the rear side. The maximum capacity of greenhouse is 40 tons fresh coffee cherries. Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) used as greenhouse roof that combined with I and C profile of steel. Fresh coffee cherries and wet parchment coffee from Robusta variety use as main materials in this research. The treatment of this research was 30 kg/m2, 60 kg/m2 and 90 kg/m2 for coffee density. String process has done by manual, two times a day in the morning and in the afternoon. As control, fresh coffee cherries and wet parchment coffee has dried by fully sun drying method. The result showed that a big scale greenhouse has heat drying efficiency between 29.9-58.2% depend on type and density of coffee treatments. On the full sunny day, greenhouse has produced maximum drying air temperature up to 52oC. In radiation cumulative level 4-5 kW-jam/m2 per day, 12.9-38.8 tons fresh coffee cherries or wet parchment coffee with 58-64% moisture content can be dried to 12% moisture content for 6 up to 14 days drying process. Slowly drying mechanism can be avoided negative effect to degradation of quality precursor compound. Capacity of the dryer can be raise and fungi can be reduce with application of controllable mechanical stirring in the greenhouse. Keywords: greenhouse, coffee, drying, quality
Existence of entomopathogen fungi, Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in cacao seedlings
Authors: Sulistyowati Endang , Nur AINI Febrilia
Published: September 2018

Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogen fungi which is known as biological control agent of cocoa pod borer and cocoa mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Because of its effectiveness in the fields is still not consistent, so we conduct a research with the objective to know the possibility of Beauveria bassiana to be established as a endophyte. Various fungal entomopathogens have already been reported as endophytes and the various methods used to inoculate the plants with B. bassiana were partially effective. The research has been conducted in laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute by inoculating of cocoa seeds and cocoa nursery with B. bassiana suspension.  The trial was arranged  by randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. The factor were spore concentration of B. bassiana (0; 2; and 4 g/ 10 l) and cocoa varieties (family of ICS 60, TSH858, and hybrid). The trial were use  four replications. The results showed that the fungal entomopathogen B. bassiana was established as an endophyte in cocoa seedling, both from cocoa seeds and nursery application. Percentage of existence of B. bassiana colonies as endophytes one month after seeds application were ICS 60 amounted to 93.3 % both on concentration treatments, while the families of TSH 858 by 80 % and 86.67 % respectively in 2 g and 4 g per 10 l of B. bassiana spores concentration treament.. The lowest percentage was in hybrids, which amounted to 66.67% and 50%. B. bassiana colonies was exixtence as an endophyte in culture from root, stem and leaves of cocoa seedling up to 5 months post inoculation. While the application on nursery by soil drenshing, leaf spraying, and stem injection , it was known that B. bassiana colonies were found in the tissues of leaves, stems, and roots until two months after application. Colonies of B. bassiana as endophytes still exsist until six weeks after nursery was planted in the field.
Top Grafting Performance of Some Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Clones as Affected by Scion Budwood Number
Authors: Zakariyya Fakhrusy , Yuliasmara Fitria
Published: September 2018

Reducing budwood number is an efficient effort to overcome problemsrelated with limited scion materials. The objective of this research was to studythe effect of scion budwood number in some clones on the performance of graftedcocoa seedlings. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Research Station,Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, Indonesia at an elevationof 48 m above sea level. Layout for this study used factorial with 2 factors inrandomized complete block design, with four replications for every treatment.The first factor was clone type, namely MCC 02 and Sulawesi 1; whereas the secondfactor was number of grafted scion budwood, namely one, two, and three graftedbudwoods. There was no interaction between clone and number of scion budwoodfor variables of shoot length, stem girth, content of total chlorophyll, chlorophylla, and chlorophyll b. Meanwhile, there was interaction for stomatal conductanceand stomatal diffusion resistance. Clone significantly affected photosynthesisand stomatal diffusion resistance, while number of scion budwood affected significantlythe shoot length. Photosynthesis activity of MCC 02 was higher comparedto Sulawesi 1. In average, stomatal diffusion resistance of Sulawesi 1 was higherthan MCC 02. The shoot length of one grafted budwood was higher than thetwo or three grafted budwood.
Performance of Roasted Cocoa Bean Winnower For Small Holder Chocolate Producers
Authors: Firmanto Hendy , Aklimawati Lya , Abdurrizal Bayu Setyo
Published: September 2018

Cocoa bean winnowing has a function to separate cocoa nibs from shell after roasting process of dry bean. Nibs are further processed into fine cocoa liquor by refining process. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate working performance of a home-scale winnower to separate shell from nibs with minimum shell parchment content in cocoa nibs. This experiment was conducted in Postharvest Laboratory at the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute using roasted cocoa bean grade A according to standard of SNI 2323:2008/ Amd1:2010 with shell content of 15% originated from Forastero cocoa. Working performance of the home-scale winnower was evaluated based on shell parchment content in the output, its capacity, energy consumption and power transfer efficiency value by several air suction rates as variable. Data were analyzed using regression and variance analysis to evaluate the influence of the rate and to determine the optimum machine operation. Results of regression and variance analysis from winnowing experiment with air suction rate of 0.54 m/s; 0.63 m/s; 0.72 m/s and 0.90 m/s indicated that shell parchment content in cocoa nibs and power transfer efficiency value were affected by the rate. The optimum machine performance was obtained on 0.72 m/s of air suction rate with total winnowing capacity was 2.615 kg/hour, energy consumption of 132 Watt, power transfer efficiency value of 61.01% and shell parchment content was 1.06%. Shell parchment content in cocoa nibs was appropriate regarding to the SNI standard with maximum content of 1.75%.
Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Content in Flush as Selection Markers on Fine Flavor Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Sari Indah Anita , . Sobir , Faizal Irvan , Susilo Agung Wahyu , A.S Marcelinus , . Adhiwibawa , Nugroho R.A.P.
Published: September 2018

Level of anthocyanin content in flush is different between fine flavor cocoa and bulk cocoa. This study was aimed to determine the potential of anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in flush as one of the selection indicator for fine flavor cocoa. Flush sampling was carried out at Cocoa Germplasm Collections in Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, while anthocyanin and chlorophyll analysis was conducted at Laboratory of Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Ma Chung University, Malang.The research utilized a completely randomized design consisted of four genotypes of fine flavor cocoa, namely DR 2, ICCRI 02, DRC 16, PNT 16 and five genotypes of bulk cocoa, namely Sulawesi 1, MCC 01, MCC 02, KW 617 and PA 191.Each treatment was repeated three times. Anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in flush was measured. Anthocyanin analysis was done by destructive methods, while flush color was observed based on Munsell Color Chart for Plant Tissues Data analysis used orthogonal contrast, multivariate and simple correlation. The results showed that there were differences in flush color on fine flavor cocoa and that of bulk cocoa. The flush of the fine flavor cocoa had a tendency towards yellow and that of bulk cocoa had a tendency toward red with different levels of variation among genotypes. The analysis results of chlorophyll content in flush showed that chlorophyll content of fine flavor cocoa was higher than bulk cocoa with a range of 2376-3692 µmol/L for fine flavor cocoa and 1567-2628 µmol/L for bulk cocoa. On the contrary, anthocyanin content in fine flavor cocoa was lower than bulk cocoa with a range of 3.82-5.72 µmol/L for fine flavor cocoa and 6.01-11.88 µmol/L for bulk cocoa. The analysis results of orthogonal contrasts showed that chlorophyll content value was more stable than anthocyanin. There was negative relationship between anthocyanin and chlorophyll in flush with the regression Y = -221,1X + 3935 with a value of correlation r = -0.50. The anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in flush had a potential to be used as selection markers for fine flavor cocoa hybrid
The response of growth two clone of tea (Camellia sinensis) with coconut water application after centering
Authors: Rismayanti Ai Yanti , Rosniawaty Santi , Sumadi Sumadi
Published: September 2018

Vegetative stage is an essential element for plants that shoot harvested. At that stage, the growth regulator application can directly increase the production quantively accelerate the potential formation and growth of roots and shoots. Coconut water is one of aÂ  natural sources of growth hormone that has a potency to increase the early growth of the tea plant. This experiment aimed to find out the response of tea plant growth on the lowlands after centering with coconut water application. This experiment was conducted in experimental garden of Faculty of Agriculture Unpad, Jatinangor, Sumedang at an altitude of 750 m above sea level and Inceptisol terrestrial soil. The experiment began in February 2016 until June 2016 using Split Plot Design, consisting of two factors and three replications. The main plot is a type of clone (K) which consists of two levels, namely: k1 = GMB 7, k2 = GMB 11. Sub plot is a coconut water concentration (A) consisting of five levels: a0 = coconut water application (control), a1 = coconut water concentration 25%, a2 = coconut water concentration 50%, a3 = coconut water 75% concentration, a4 = coconut water 100% concentration. The experimental results showed that coconut water had a significant effect on all treatments. The interaction of plant height variable at 14 WAC - 16 WAC (Week After Centering), canopy width at 12 WAC - 16 WAC and stem diameter at 14 WAC - 16 WAC and no significant effect on plant height at 2 WAC - 12 WAC, canopy width at 2 WAC - 10 WAC, and stem diameter at 2 WAC - 12 WAC, at 2 WAC - 12 WAC. In general, GMB 11 clone tea plant that applied 75% coconut water performed the best growth response on tea growth in the lowlands after centering.
Los Blandengues de la Frontera de Buenos Aires y los dilemas de la defensa del Imperio (1752-1806)
Authors: Alemano María Eugenia
Published: September 2018

Este artículo reconstruye la historia de las compañías de Blandengues de la Frontera de Buenos Aires en el marco de las reformas militares de los Borbones en América. Esta experiencia particular de militarización se caracterizó por la conversión de antiguas compañías de milicias de formación local en un cuerpo regular dentro de los ejércitos del rey. Se describe el periodo miliciano de los Blandengues y se analizan los factores que llevaron a su transformación en un cuerpo veterano en los albores del Virreinato del Río de la Plata. A continuación, se desarrollan los alcances, límites y ambivalencias de esta reforma, con lo que se contribuye a explicar el fracaso militar que significó la invasión británica de 1806.
The Consumption and Supply of Meat and other Livestock Raw Materials in the City of Santafé of the New Kingdom of Granada, 1572-1716
Authors: Castaño Pareja Yoer Javier
Published: September 2018

The supply of towns and cities was one of the essential functions of municipal councils. It was conceived that its efficient administration ensured the common good and the public tranquility. This article studies the official and surreptitious provision of meat and other indispensable livestock products in the daily life of the inhabitants of Santafé specially during the little explored seventeenth century. Based on various sources, in this research is calculated the magnitude of the demand in this capital of cattle that came from different geographic spaces. Through the analysis of the prices of these commodities are determined the periods of meat shortage experienced in this capital during this century and are explained the factors that caused these crises.
El cuerpo del rey: poder y legitimación en la monarquía hispánica
Authors: Salazar Baena Verónica
Published: September 2018

Este es un artículo de revisión historiográfica que aborda la construcción del cuerpo del rey y de su imagen pública, para comprender luego la relación entre poder y legitimidad en la monarquía hispánica entre los siglos XVI y XVII. El artículo presenta los principales referentes historiográficos sobre el tema y hace especial énfasis en los más recientes estudios de ceremoniales y etiquetas cortesanas. Siguiendo esta línea de investigación, la hipótesis de partida es que el sostenimiento de la monarquía hispánica no solo dependió de estrategias coercitivas, sino que estuvo determinado por la construcción de herramientas persuasivas (soft power), entre las que se encuentra la puesta en escena del rey, donde se creó en buena medida la percepción de consenso cultural dentro un vasto imperio transatlántico.
Del trato al contrato: agentes, instituciones y negocios en el mundo colonial neogranadino. Estudio de caso (1763)
Authors: Bohórquez Barrera Jesús
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se estudian las diferencias entre los tratos y los contratos. Se analiza el papel desempeñado por los agentes y sus pautas de comportamiento (sentimientos y pasiones) en relación con las instituciones coloniales. Se estudian tres elementos fundamentales: el porqué se firma un contrato, la configuración de intereses particulares en el interior de ciertas redes y la manera en que se instaura una acción específica: el acto de negociar. En este sentido, se presenta el papel que desempeñaron documentos no legales, como los vales y los cuadernos de cuenta, en lo que se denominó durante el período colonial el ajuste de cuentas.
'Um-a-mais' – notas sobre a política na obra de Rui Nunes
Authors: Vasconcelos Vasco
Published: September 2018

Nos livros de Rui Nunes, é comum a denúncia de uma certa retórica associada ao poder, ao mesmo tempo que se valoriza o papel das fronteiras no mundo contemporâneo. Estes são temas sensíveis numa “sociedade da informação” que privilegia a comunicação rápida e limpa, mas que com frequência é vazia e afasta muitos indivíduos para as margens. Neste artigo tentamos analisar como esses tópicos têm consequências na escrita de Rui Nunes, por exemplo, no que diz respeito à instabilidade narrativa ou sintática. Para além disso, procuramos demonstrar que essas e outras características se associam a determinadas perspectivas éticas e políticas recorrentes no trabalho do autor.
Parasitoids of Heterogynis Rambur (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea, Heterogynidae)
Authors: Zikic Vladimir , Stankovic Sasa , Tschorsnig Hans-Peter , León Yeray , de Freina
Published: September 2018

Nine parasitoids of the moth genus Heterogynis are presented: six species of Hymenoptera from the families Chalcididae, Eulophidae and Ichneumonidae (Agrothereutes hospes (Tschek), Baryscapus endemus (Walker), Brachymeria inermis (Fonscolombe), Diplazon laetatorius (F.), Itoplectis maculator (F.) and Trichomalopsis heterogynidis Graham), and three Diptera, family Tachinidae (Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), Exorista segregata (Rondani) and Phryxe hirta (Bigot)). Two of these species, Trichomalopsis heterogynidis and Phryxe hirta, are oligophagous parasitoids specialized on the genus Heterogynis. We also identified two newly recorded parasitoids of Heterogynis: Brachymeria inermis (Chalcididae) and Diplazon laetatorius (Ichneumonidae).
Valuing the Business of JH Outfitters
Authors: Johnson-Snyder Anna J. , Kohlbeck Mark J.
Published: September 2018

This case uses a goodwill impairment setting to introduce intermediate and advanced accounting students to business valuation (that is, estimating the fair value of a business unit). Tombstone, Inc. previously acquired JH Outfitter's (JHO) and recorded $2.2 million of goodwill. In prior years, management utilized an outside service to provide fair value estimates of JHO for purposes of the goodwill impairment testing. The business valuation is to be done in-house this year. Three common valuation approaches are discussed in the case to provide students with a background that is sufficient to apply these methods to estimate the fair value of JHO for the goodwill impairment tests. Sufficient, yet conflicting, information is also provided to complete the basic requirements. As such, the case provides students an opportunity to apply the goodwill impairment model (as revised in 2017) where the fair value of a business unit is uncertain.
Transplantation of expanded criteria kidney grafts to elderly recipients in the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Shmarina N. V. , Dmitriev I. V. , Khubutiya B. Z. , Pinchuk A. V.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:The expansion of the criteria for donor organ retrieval contributes to an increase in the number of kidney transplantations to elderly recipients; but in view of reduced requirements to donor organ quality, a further analysis of transplantation outcomes is needed. The aim was to analyze and compare the outcomes of kidney transplantation to elderly patients depending on the donor organ quality.

Material and methods.The study was based on the analysis of the kidney transplantation outcomes in 61 elderly recipients, including 51 transplantations performed from expanded criteria donors (group 1), and other 10 from standard donors (group 2). Based on clinical, laboratory, histological, and instrumental diagnostic data, we compared the graft function recovery rates, graft/recipient survival rates, the causes of graft loss in the early posttransplant period.

Results:Patients of group I had significantly higher delayed graft function rates (37.3% vs. 10%), graft non-function rates (15.7% vs. 0%), and lower early posttransplant survival rates (72.5% vs. 100%). Graft function recovery rate was 58.8% in group I, and 100% in the patients of group II. The most common cause of the graft loss and the renal graft removals performed in the early posttransplant period was the poor graft quality due to the donor's existing pathology.

Conclusion.The study demonstrated a statistically significant deterioration of the initial graft function, significantly increased graft non-function rates, and decreased graft survival rates in the early posttransplant period in the elderly recipients after kidney transplantation from expanded criteria donors.
Making Nature Investable
Authors: Sullivan Sian
Published: September 2018

In response to perceived valuation problems giving rise to global environmental crisis, ‘nature’ is being qualified, quantified and materialised as the new external(ised) ‘Nature-whole’ of ‘natural capital’. This paper problematises the increasing legibility, through numbering and (ac)counting practices, of natural capital as an apparently exterior ‘matter of fact’ that can be leveraged financially. Interconnected policy and technical texts, combined with observation as an academic participant in recent international environmental policy meetings, form the basis for a delineation of four connected and intensifying dimensions of articulation in fabricating ‘nature’ as ‘natural capital’: discursive, numerical-economic, material and institutional. Performative economic sociology approaches are drawn on to clarify the numbering and calculative practices making and performing indicators of nature health and harm as formally economic. These institutionalised fabrications are interpreted as attempts to enrol previously uncosted ‘standing natures’ in the forward-driving movement of capital.
More Than a Scientific Movement
Authors: Maxim Laura
Published: September 2018

The green chemistry (GC) concept originated in the United States during the 1990s to describe an approach to chemistry that aims to lower impacts on health and the environment. Based on 70 interviews with scientists from France and the United States, I investigated green chemists’ practices and motivations, and the socio-political influences on their attitudes to GC. The results show that GC has a hybrid character, bringing together scientists with different motivations (funding, career, communication, ethical, political). The boundaries of the definition of GC are constantly shifting under the influence of research funding and environmental, industrial and agricultural policies. GC reflects the perfect adaptation of a terminology to the external conditions of chemistry’s socio-political contexts. While this is a strength that gives GC the potential for changing overall practices in chemistry, this might also be its major weakness as it might completely lose its original environmental relevance, depending on the evolution of external drivers.
HISTORIOGRAFI PEMBUKUAN HADIS MENURUT SUNNI DAN SYI’AH
Authors: Amin Ahmad Paishal
Published: September 2018

Tulisan ini memaparkan perbedaan historiografi pembukuan hadis antara kelompok Sunni dan Syi’ah. Perpecahan umat Islam ke dalam kelompok Sunni dan Syi’ah ini berdampak pada perbedaan dalam penulisan sejarah hadis (historiografi hadis).  Sunni memiliki versi historiografi hadis sendiri sesuai dengan literatur yang mereka terima. Demikian juga halnya dengan Syi’ah. Salah satu faktor yang mendasari perbedaan tersebut adalah karena adanya perbedaan interpretasi (pemahaman) terhadap sejarah (baca: data) yang mereka lalui bersama. Perbedaan interpretasi ini berdampak pada perbedaan penulisan sejarah (historiografi).
KAJIAN AL-QUR’AN DAN SAINS TENTANG KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Prayetno Eko
Published: September 2018

Salah satu faktor terjadinya kerusakan alam adalah hubungan yang tidak seimbang antara manusia dan alam itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pemahaman setiap manusia terhadap pesan-pesan dalam al-Qur’an terkait dengan pemeliharaan alam. Beberapa cara yang dapat digunakan dalam menyampaikan pesan al-Qur’an kepada manusia adalah melalui pendekatan teks dan kontekstual terhadap al-Qur’an. pendekatan kontekstual sangat dibutuhkan dalam mendukung pemahaman terhadap teks di dalam al-Qur’an. Pendekatan ini akan menggiring pemahaman kondisi ayat turun dengan kondisi yang tengah kita alami. Hasil yang dapat dicapai dengan pendekatan ini adalah manusia dapat mencocokkan pengambilan sikap sesuai dengan apa yang dikehendaki oleh ayat berdasarkan pemahaman sejarah turunnya ayat tersebut. sementara jika kita hanya terbatas teks maka kita akan cenderung memaksakan maksud ayat karena hanya terpaku terhadap lafal teks saja. dengan memahami keduanya maka kita akan dapat menghubungkan dengan kondisi saat ini, dimana ilmu sains juga berkembang bersamaan dengan agama. Implikasi yang dapat kita capai adalah menghubungkan pemngetahuan agama yang sakral dengan pengetahuan sains yang cendrung baru dan bersifat modern dalam artian pendukung.
Pengembangan Modul Bilingual Bergambar Berbasis Quantum Learning pada Materi Peluang
Authors: Sandiyanti Ageng , Rakhmawati M Rosida
Published: September 2018

This study aims to produce products in the form of bilingual module based on quantum learning on the material opportunities. This research includes the type of research and development (Research and Development) refers to a model consisting of five steps of activities namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The result of the research shows that the module that obtained the average percentage value from the material expert is 83,33% with the very good criterion, the average percentage value from media expert is 85% with very good criteria and the average percentage value from the linguist ie 78.67% with very good criteria. The bilingual module based on quantum learning on the opportunity meters also obtained a percentage value of 80% student response with very good criteria and obtained the percentage value of educator equal to 84% with very good criteria.
Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Matematika Berbantuan Media Sosial Instagram sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran
Authors: Akbar Reza Rizki Ali , Komarudin Komarudin
Published: September 2018

This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of instructional videos of assisted social media Instagram as an alternative learning based on the feasibility of the assessment of media experts and materials experts. This research method is 7 stages from 10 stages of Borg and Gall model which have been modified by Sugiyono covering Potency and Problem, Collecting Data, Product Design, Design Validation, Design Revision, Product Trial and Product Revision. This research produces a medium of instructional video of math-aided social media of Instagram which has been declared valid and proper to be used as media of mathematics learning by 3 material experts get average score 88,8 (Very worthy) and 3 media expert with average score 93,55 (Very Eligible) with each maximum score of eligibility is 100. So it can be concluded that the instructional media of instructional-assisted mathematics Instagram as a valid learning alternative and suitable for use as a medium of learning mathematics.
Efektivitas Model Flipped Classroom Menggunakan Video Pembelajaran Matematika terhadap Pemahaman Konsep
Authors: Saputra M. Eko Arif , Mujib Mujib
Published: September 2018

Flipped Classroom model is a model where in the learning process is not like in general, that is in the learning process students learn the subject matter at home before the class begins and teaching and learning activities in the class in the form of tasks, discussion about materials or problems that students have not understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Flipped Classroom model on the ability of understanding mathematical concepts. This research type used Quasi Experiment Design research and sampling technique used is Probability Sampling method with Random Sampling technique. Hypothesis test used in this research is t-test. The result of statistical test shows that the value of t_hitung based on the calculation obtained t_hitung = 12.868, and t_tabel = 1.668 so t_hitung> t_tabel, with a real level of 0.05 in other words it can be concluded that the understanding of mathematical concepts of students who expected model Flipped Classroom is better than the ability to understand concepts that are applied with lecture methods
Pembelajaran Problem Solving Modifikasi untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa SMP
Authors: Fahrudin Fahrudin , Netriwati Netriwati , Putra Rizki Wahyu Yunian
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the improvement of the ability to understand mathematical concepts with problem-solving learning modification better than the ability to understand mathematical concepts with conventional learning. This research is a quantitative research type of quasi-experiment. Hypothesis test used in this research is t-test. The result of research indicates that the improvement of students' mathematical concept comprehension ability using problem-solving learning modification is better than the ability to understand mathematical concept using conventional learning.
Modul Matematika Berdasarkan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Materi Pokok Trigonometri
Authors: Angraini Nia , Masykur Rubhan
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematic module based on Problem Based Learning method trigonometry lessons for Senior High School. In this study use R&D (Research and Development) Borg and Gall modified from sugiyono, the procedure used as follows: (1) potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) product validation, (5) product revision, (6) product trial, (7) product revision. Data collection techniques used areinterview, kuisioner, observation, and document. Validaton is done by material experts, media experts, and linguists. Trials are conducted through two stages is small group trials and field trials. Validation results material experts, media experts, and linguists obtained the average value with valid criteria. On field trials determine the response of learners in Senior High School Muhammadiyah 2 Bandar Lampung, in Senior High School AL-AZHAR 3, and in Senior High School Muhammadiyah 2 Bandar Lampung obtained average value of 3,58 with criteria very interesting.
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ON THE BENINESE CONTINENTAL SHELF DURING THE DEMERSAL FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT SURVEY
Authors: Sohou Zacharie  , Okpeitcha O. Victor  , Sankare Yacouba
Published: September 2018

The global objectives of this study are to assess biodiversity composition in the tested trawling areas during the survey period. This study cannot take in account all species that can occur in the fishing areas because of the shortness of the work. To have a most complete list of species it will be better to carry out the survey covering four hydrologic periods (2 hot and 2 cold hydrologic periods) to have a chance to meet most of the species. However, the work was done during the most important period for the study. This study was conducted in terms of the demersal fish stock assessment survey initiated by the West African Economic and Monetary Union in the continental shelves of states members and neighboring countries (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin) for the south part of Africa in order to determine fish population and abundance. In the waters of Benin, there have been listed 100 fish species including 76 demersal species (69 bony and 7 cartilaginous fish) and 13 pelagic species consisting entirely of bony specimens. Species richness, according to the reports of trawling stations, varies between 28 and 7 species. Fish abundance is the largest at the depth of 25-50 m. According to the data of station 10, species number makes 7.76% of the total, followed by station 19 with 26 taxa at the depth of 50-100 m. The lowest taxon number is registered in station 4 at a depth of 10-25 m with 4 taxa representing 1.94% of all targeted. The Simpson's index is close to 0, varying between 0 and 0.049, it shows a great diversity especially in the first stratum of 10 to 25 m. This study allows to evaluate species diversity in different fishing areas and consequences of the significant increase of fishing pressure on the stand and not only to focus on a few populations of species of commercial interest.
Marcelo Marques sobre a aparência e a contradição na República de Platão
Authors: Araújo Carolina
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho se propõe a um diálogo com a obra de Marcelo Marques. Trata-se de uma tentativa de reconstrução, a partir de cinco artigos publicados, do que seria o argumento central de um livro sobre aparência e contradição na República de Platão; um livro que nunca veio a público devido à sua morte repentina. Partimos da apresentação do conceito de dialética como análise do aparecer e aplicamo-lo à tripartição da alma, mostrando que ela pode ser entendida como uma classificação de diferentes tipos de desejo. Na sequência, tratamos de explicitar como, segundo Marques, a distinção entre dóxa e epistḗmē, presente no quinto livro da obra, guardaria traços retóricos de exagero. A suposta distinção de seus objetos se reduziria àquela entre manifestações múltiplas e a unidade do ser das coisas. Finalmente, analisamos a tese de que uma teoria da valoração, introduzida no símile entre sol e bem, impede o colapso da distinção ontológica entre ser e aparecer. Um exame crítico dessa interpretação de Marques tem lugar ao longo da exposição, assim como um elogio a esse intérprete audacioso, que não poupou esforços para questionar o que se supôs como doutrina platônica.
Inés Salzillo (1717-1775): una mujer en un taller de escultura del Barroco
Authors: Peña-Velasco Concepción
Published: September 2018

Testimonios tempranos sobre Inés Salzillo (1717-1775), la menor de las hermanas del escultor Francisco Salzillo (1707-1783), confirman que trabajó en el taller junto José Salzillo (1710-1744) y Patricio Salzillo (1722-1800), perfilando su cometido hasta su matrimonio en 1748. Resaltan que dibujaba, modelaba, proporcionaba policromía a las imágenes y que Francisco tomó sus rasgos para imágenes devocionales. Se reflexiona sobre su historia de vida y quehacer en la cadena de producción que estableció Francisco Salzillo tras la muerte de su padre, el napolitano Nicolás Salzillo (1672-1727). Inés Salzillo colaboró en años decisivos para dar un nuevo rumbo al obrador y asentar su prestigio.
On the Codification of Usage by Labels
Authors: Stachurska Anna
Published: September 2018

The present paper focuses on the question of how usage is marked within dictionary macrostructure of five most representatives of EFL lexicographic works, namely Collins Cobuild Advanced Dictionary, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Oxford Advanced Learner`s Dictionary, Cambridge Advanced Learner`s Dictionary and Macmillan English Dictionary. What is more, it sets a number of reasons why this particular area of lexicographic enquiry poses problems not only for dictionary users but also for dictionary compilers.
Anton-Babinski Syndrome as a Rare Complication of Chronic Bilateral Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Adam D. , Iftimie D. , Moisescu Cristiana , Burduşa Gina
Published: September 2018

Clinical presentation: We report the case of a 68-year-old patient that presented at our department 6 weeks after a mild traumatic brain injury with confusion and drowsiness. Emergency head CT scan revealed chronic bilateral subdural hematomas with no midline shift. His neurological status quickly deteriorated after admission (GCS of 9 points) and he was operated immediately. Although surgery was uneventful and his neurological status markedly improved, in the first postoperative day he developed blindness with visual anosognosia and visual confabulations, suggestive for Anton-Babinski syndrome. Emergency head MRI performed on the same day was normal but a repeat head MRI in the seventh postoperative day revealed bilateral occipital ischemia, thus explaining his symptoms. The patient became aware of his deficit two weeks after surgery, but was surprisingly ambivalent regarding it. Conclusion: Cortical blindness (sometimes presenting in the context of Anton-Babinski syndrome) is a rare complication of chronic bilateral subdural hematomas, a rather common neurosurgical pathology. Although it can be overlooked on the initial neurological examination, it should be taken into account, prompting emergency surgical treatment in order to prevent permanent visual deficits.
Computational Fluid Dynamics as an Indicator of Offending Vessel in Trigeminal Neuralgia and Hemifacial Spasms
Authors: Kamath Mayur V. , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kato Yoko
Published: September 2018

Context: Newer Imaging tool for diagnosing offending vessel in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and Hemifacial spasms (HFS). Aim: To find out if Computational FluidDynamics (CFD) can correctly predict the offending vessel in HFS and TN & thus improving the outcome of Microvascular Decompression) MVD. Settings and Design: CFD is a relatively new mode of imaging. Its application to indicate offending vessel in TN & HFS was tested. Materials & Methods: Retrospectively we studied 13 consecutive patients operated in 2017 for either HFS or TN. Preoperatively MRI & Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA) were done and the offending vessel identified along with its point of contact with the concerned nerve. CFD was done using Hemoscope 2015 software and wall pressure, wall shear stress, vector & streamline flow were obtained in the offending vessel (test) & contralateral vessel (control). Results of these were charted on an excel sheet & results analyzed. The postoperativeoutcome were assessed and compared with CFD results. Statistical analysis used: Small study group hence statistical analysis couldn’t be applied. Results: Of the 13 patients, offending artery had high wall pressure in 12 and increased wall shear stress innine. Among the controls six had high wall pressure and only two had high wall shear stress. Conclusion: CFD can be used to determine offending vessel and can predict good outcome following microvascular decompression.
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Versus Navigation Guided Microscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery at Tertiary Care Centre in India
Authors: Sahu Anurag , Pandey Sharad , Singh Kulwant , Sharma Vivek
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The transsphenoidal route for pituitary surgery is considered the standard treatment for pituitary adenomas. The disadvantage of the smaller exposure of this route is partially compensated for by the introduction of the microscope with its coaxial illumination, stereoscopic view, adequate magnification, and microsurgical instruments. However, there are only few reports about the outcome of endonasal endoscopic transphenoidal technique. Aims & Objectives: Current study has been conducted to compare the efficacy, advantages and dis advantages of endoscopic versus navigation guided microscopic transsphenoidal Pituitary surgery. Material and methods: A controlled study was done in the department of neurosurgery, at tertiary care hospital in India, from the period of August 2012 to December 2017 prospectively. In Group A- 30 patients in whom endoscopic transnasal trans Sphenoidal pituitary surgery and in Group B - 30 patients, intraoperative neuronavigation was used. Observations and Results: Both the groups were similar in demographic variables. The most common age group of pituitary tumor patients was 30-40 years. Fourteen (46.6 %) patients in group A and fifteen (50 %) of the patients in group B had tumor volume less than 5 ml. In group A, thirteen (43%) patients had intrasellar tumors with no suprasellar extension, while in group B, fifteen (50%) patients had intrasellar tumors with no extension. Operative time was noted from incision to closure and average time taken in both the groups was compared. Twenty five (83%) cases of group A took between 2-3 hours and only four cases (13%) took more than 3 hours. While in group B, twenty (66%) cases took between 4-5 hours. This shows a significant difference by fisher extact test (p<0.001) in the operative time required in both the groups. Eighteen (60%) patients in group B had a residual volume between 1-1.5 ml while only two patients in group A had so. This difference is also significant Fischer Exact test (p<0.001). Four (13.3%) patients in group A had diabites insipidus while only half of this, i.e. two (6.6%) had so in group B. however this difference in postoperative complication rate is not statistically significant between two groups. Conclusion: The results of our study correlate with many previous studies to compare endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal surgery. These two approaches are equally efficacious in oncological outcomes and the complication rates are comparable.
A Rare Complication of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Evacuation: Brain Stem Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Gader Ghassen , Rkhami Mouna , Salem Maher Ben , Badri Mohamed , Bahri Kamel , Zammel Ihsèn
Published: September 2018

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), which commonly affects the elderly, is one of the most frequent, but also benign neurosurgical pathologies. Burr hole drainage is the standard surgical modality for evacuation of a CSDH. This technique is known to be safe, with low morbidity and mortality rates. However, postoperative complications have occasionally been reported. We report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented a fatal brain stem hemorrhage after burr-hole drainage for unilateral chronic subdural hematoma. Asymmetrical and rapid decompression were thought to be leading to vascular disruption or sudden increase in cerebral blood flow, was probably responsible for the secondary brain stem bleeding. Therefore, a slow rate of evacuation of chronic subdural hematomas, as well as rigorous postoperative reanimation, are recommended in order to prevent serious complications.
Bone Flap Preservation in Abdominal Wall after Decompressive Craniectomy in Head Injury: A Single Institute Experience
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Kumar Ashok , Jaiswal Gaurav , Gupta Tarun Kumar
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to study factors associated with infection of calvarial bone flap preserved in subcutaneous tissue of abdominal wall after decompressive craniectomy (DC) in head injury. Associated factors include age, sex, nutrition of patient, GCS of patient at time of surgery, vacuum drain placement, type of paramedian abdominal incision, site of decompressive craniectomy and associated comorbid conditions. Method: This is a prospective study carried out in department of neurosurgery, tertiary care centre of southern Rajasthan (India) from July 2016 to December 2018. Total of 66 patient with head injury were enrolled, who underwent DC and bone flap preservation in abdominal wall. Result: Out of 112 patients who underwent DC in this study period 66 were included in this study. Out of 66 patient 7(10.6%) patient develop bone flap infection. Bone flap infection was more in poor nutrition patient, poor GCS (5-8), patient in which vacuum drain was not placed, patient with bifrontal decompressive craniectomy and associated comorbid condition. Conclusion: Bone flap preservation in subcutaneous abdominal wall after DC is safe and efficient. Cranioplasty with autologous bone graft has lower cost, good cosmetic results and is well accepted by patient.
Long-Term Bioclimatic Modelling the Distribution of the Fire-Bellied Toad, Bombina Bombina (Anura, Bombinatoridae), Under the Influence of Global Climate Change
Authors: Tytar V. , Nekrasova O. , Pupina A. , Pupins M. , Oskyrko O.
Published: September 2018

The article describes the potential distribution area of B. bombina and fi gure out the signifi cant climatic factors of the species at a home range scale. Th is species is listed on Appendix II of the Bern Convention and on Annexes II and IV of the EU Natural Habitats Directive. It is protected by national legislation in many countries, occurs in many protected areas, and is listed in many national and sub-national Red Data books and lists. We collected the occurrence records and a set of climatic variables including 19 factors from 10’ resolution historical (summarizing annual trends, seasonality and extreme conditions during 1961-1990) and projected data (2050) available at the CliMond database. As a result, under climate predictions for 2050 there may be a substantial north and north-west shift of optimal habitat. Under such a scenario B. bombina populations may suff er mostly in the east and south of Ukraine. Under the modelled scenario the species representation in protected areas throughout the home range should be considered, but especially in Ukraine.
FENOMENA KERUANGAN PERMUKIMAN DI PULAU PENYENGAT
Authors: Rijal Muhammad , Setioko Bambang , Budi Sardjono Agung
Published: September 2018

Konfigurasi ruang permukiman pesisir di Pulau Penyengat bukan hanya terbentuk dari geomorfologi fisik lingkungannya, namun terkait dengan peristiwa masa lalu dan kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat yang membentuknya. Penelitian ini penting dalam rangka mengungkapkan tema keruangan permukiman yang berimplikasi dalam menyusun konsep keruangan sehingga dapat berkontribusi terkait penyusunan kebijakan perencanaan dan perancangan kawasan permukiman bersejarah di Pulau Penyengat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Grounded Theory dalam paradigma penelitian kualitatif untuk menjawab atas permasalahan dasar penelitian, yakni bagaimanakah fenomena keruangan permukiman pesisir terkait dengan pertumbuhannya  dalam upaya mengungkapkan tema keruangan yang terbentuk di Pulau Penyengat. Temuan dalam penelitian menunjukan bahwa fenomena keruangan yang terbentuk di Pulau Penyengat telah mengalami enam fase pertumbuhan yang terkait dengan konfigurasi ruang permukiman pesisir dalam empat tema penting, yakni: translasi ruang cagar budaya dan warisan; interseksi ruang sosial pada ruang pesisir; interaksi ruang sosial dalam ruang ritual dan ziarah, dan; simbolik ruang spiritual dan kekuasaan.     Kata kunci: Pertumbuhan Kota, Permukiman Pesisir, Konfigurasi Ruang, Grounded Theory, Pulau Warisan  ABSTRACTSpace configuration of coastal settlement in Penyengat Island was not formed by the physical geomorphological only, but related with historical events and socio-cultural aspects. This research is important in order to reveal the theme of spatial settlements and have implications in composing spatial concept. It can contribute to the policy of planning and design in Penyengat Island as the historic settlement area. This study uses the Grounded Theory approach in a qualitative research paradigm to answer the basic problem of research, namely how the spatial settlement phenomenon in Pulau Penyengat related to the space configuration of coastal settlement. The findings in this study show that spatial phenomena formed in Penyengat Island are not only related to the physical themes of the waterfront areas that tend to be linear, but related to four important themes: translation of cultural heritage and heritage space; intersection of social space in coastal space; the interaction of social space in ritual and pilgrim, and; symbolic of spiritual and power spaces. Keywords : Urban Growth, Coastal Settlements, Space Configuration, Grounded Theory, Herritage Island