bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Perilaku Kesehatan dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ma. Kumpeh Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Rosdawati Rosdawati
Published: March 2021

The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the working area of Puskesmas Ma. Kumpeh in 2019 recorded as many as 73 cases with 1 victim died. The data obtained shows that there is a significant increase in the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever from year to year between 2015-2019. The purpose of this study was to determine what health behaviors are associated with the occurrence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the working area of Puskesmas Ma. Kumpeh Kumpeh Ulu Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency. This type of research is an analytic survey using a case-control approach. The population of this study were Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever sufferers (cases) and not Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever sufferers (controls). A sample of 40 cases and 40 controls was obtained using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square statistical test and determination of Odds Ratio (OR). The results showed that there was a relationship between health behavior and the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the Puskesmas Ma area. Kumpe in 2020, namely cleaning water reservoirs, closing water reservoirs, draining water reservoirs, burying used goods, disposing of garbage in its place and burning it, hanging clothes, and wearing mosquito repellent lotions. It is advisable for health workers to pay more attention to health behavior or daily habits because they are important in the transmission and spread of DHF and need further research.
YENİ ANALİTİK MƏLUMATLAR ƏSASINDA OLİQOSEN-MİOSEN ÇÖKÜNTÜLƏRİN LİTOLOJİ-GEOKİMYƏVİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ (YARDIMLI ÇÖKƏKLİYİ TİMSALINDA)
Authors:   AMEA Geologiya və Geofizika İnstitutu, Hasan Asgarova Arzu
Published: March 2021

Key words: Oligocene-miocene, Talish, Yardimli deflection
Exploring the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education: an international cross-sectional study of medical learners
Authors: Brown Allison , Kassam Aliya , Paget Mike , Blades Kenneth , Mercia Megan , Kahcra Rahim
Published: March 2021

Background: The evidence surrounding the impact of COVID-19 on medical learners remains anecdotal and highly speculative despite the anticipated impact and potential consequences of the current pandemic on medical training. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent that COVID-19 initially impacted medical learners around the world and examine global trends and patterns across geographic regions and levels of training.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of medical learners was conducted between March 25–June 14, 2020, shortly after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
Results: 6492 learners completed the survey from 140 countries. Most medical schools removed learners from the clinical environment and adopted online learning, but students reported concerns about the quality of their learning, training progression, and milestone fulfillment. Residents reported they could be better utilized and expressed concerns about their career timeline. Trainees generally felt under-utilized and wanted to be engaged clinically in meaningful ways; however, some felt that contributing to healthcare during a pandemic was beyond the scope of a learner. Significant differences were detected between levels of training and geographic regions for satisfaction with organizational responses as well as the impact of COVID-19 learner wellness and state-trait anxiety.
Conclusions: The disruption to the status quo of medical education is perceived by learners across all levels and geographic regions to have negatively affected their training and well-being, particularly amongst postgraduate trainees. These results provide initial empirical insights into the areas that warrant future research as well as consideration for current and future policy planning.
Investigating the Learning Styles Preferences of First-year B.Ed. Students Studying in a Public Sector University of Northern Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sania Nasir  , Dr. Shahid Hussain Mughal  , Amjad Ali Rind
Published: March 2021

In a student-centered teaching and learning environment, students' needs, potentials, and learning styles are considered crucial. Therefore, teachers need to understand what learning styles students prefer to teach effectively. In the current study, a quantitative research approach has been adopted in this study within it descriptive research designed was used. To determine the preferred learning styles of B.Ed. students, VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic) learning style model has been used. Since the data was collected using the VARK questionnaire, simple random sampling techniques were used. The reliability of the instrument was calculated through Cronbach α= 0.75. The sample of the study consists of 140 Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) students of a Public Sector University located in Northern Sindh, Pakistan. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (percentages mean and standard deviation) to determine the most preferred style of learning of students. The results of the study revealed that 27.93% of the B.Ed. students have preferred aural learning style, 25.13% kinaesthetic learning style, 22.65% visual style of learning and 21.09% preferred read/write learning style respectively. To conclude that the majority of the B.Ed. students preferred aural learning style and the least preferred style of learning was read/write. Hence, B.Ed. students were driven towards an aural learning style. This study suggests that students learning styles are influenced by the teacher’s teaching style. Therefore, the teacher can determine his/her teaching style by using the score of the VARK questionnaire. The study recommends that another study can be conducted by the teachers to learn about the larger number of students’ preferred learning styles. The teacher can also address a mixture of learning styles. In the classroom, there are always diverse learners. In that case, the teacher can use integrated teaching style which can address all learners preferred teaching style.
МОРФОЛОГИЯ КИШЕЧНО-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ТОНКОЙ КИШКИ БЕЛЫХ КРЫС В РАННЕМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ
Authors: Т.А. Адайбаев Т.А. Адайбаев , М.К. Жаналиева М.К. Жаналиева , Р.Н. Жарилкасимов Р.Н. Жарилкасимов
Published: March 2021

Актуальность: Слизисто-ассоциированная лимфоидная ткань представляет собой неотъемлемый и важный элемент иммунокомпетентной системы организма [1,2]. Однако до сих пор остаются слабо освещенными вопросы о формировании лимфоидного аппарата периферических органов иммунной системы экспериментальных животных в раннем онтогенезе. Изучение структурных преобразований лимфоидной ткани, ассоциированной с кишечником, в основном с тонкой кишкой, в процессе антенатального и постнатального периодов развития необходима для понимания становления иммунологических функций лимфоидных образований в раннем периоде онтогенеза [3,4].

Цель исследования: Изучение микроанатомической организации и клеточного состава лимфоидных бляшек тонкой кишки у белых крысят в антенатальном и раннем постнатальном периодах развития.

Материалы и методы исследования: Материалом для морфологического исследования явились 36 тонкой кишки плодов и новорожденных белой крысы.
В эксперименте были учтены закономерности развития беременности у белых крыс [5]. Течение беременности у белых крыс состоит из четырех периодов: I - 3-5 сутки беременности (доимплантационный период); II - 7-9 сутки (ранний постимплантационный период); III - 13-15 сутки (период функционирования зрелой плаценты); IV - 19-21 сутки (период старения плаценты).
Экспериментальная группа состояла из четырех подгрупп животных в антенатальном периоде развития и постнатальном периоде онтогенеза (Таблица).
В работе были применены методы исследования, изложенные в классических руководствах по гистоморфологии [6]: анатомические – препарирование, макроскопическое описание, фиксация; гистологические – окраска гематоксилином и эозином, азур 11 – эозином; морфометрические – определение морфологических параметров лимфоидных образований тонкой кишки с помощью окуляр – микрометра МОВ 1-15 и окулярной измерительной сетки Автандилова под микроскопом МБИ-3 с бинокулярной насадкой АУ-12 [7]; метод статистического анализа – статистическая обработка результатов проведена по программе «Медико – биологическая статистика» ( 2001). Степень достоверности различия определяли с помощью коэффициента Стъюдента (р ≤0,05).
STUDI EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN DISAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PULAU TEMOYONG KECAMATAN BULANG BATAM
Authors: Hamta Firdaus , Aisyah Siti , Tanjung Pauziah P. Husein , Pakpahan Susanti E , Manullang Jupenta N , Intan Intan , Ramadhan Denny Ammari
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui problematika ekonomi rumah tangga masyarakat pesisir dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan disaat pandemi covid-19 di Temoyong Kecamatan Bulang Batam. Metode penelitian dilakukan menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif melalui pengumpulan data observasi dan studi lapangan, wawancara terhadap informan yang merupakan masyakat setempat. Wawancara dilakukan sampai menghasilkan data jenuh, maka jumlah informan penelitian 21 KK. Hasil penelitian bahwa pada masa pandemi covid-19 masyarakat Pulau Temoyong Batam semakin ke kesulitan mencapai kesejahteraan dan terdapat pencemaran laut yang mengancam kelangsungan mata pencaharian utama masyarakat. Penghasilan masyarakat mengalami penurunan  pendapatan, kebutuhan pangan relatif tersedia namun harga cenderung naik, kebutuhan sandang relatif dapat terpenuhi, membutuhkan prasarana pendidikan SMA, membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan peralinan, membutuhkan modal usaha meningkatkan potensi usaha dan lapangan kerja.
Metronidazole Induced Neurotoxicity in a Case of Liver Abscess- A Case Report
Authors: Sourabh Mishra¹, Saurabh Goel², Madhubala Gaur³
Published: March 2021

Metronidazole is a commonly used drug and considered relatively safe. But it may present with neurotoxicity,commonly peripheral and rarely central. We report here a case of a young patient with amoebic liver abscesswho continued taking metronidazole longer than the prescribed duration of the drug and developed peripheralneuropathy and cerebellar neurotoxicity which was reversible after discontinuation of the drug.
Informed Consent Position in Doctor and Patient Relationship
Authors: Harap Inensa Khoirul
Published: March 2021

Awareness of risks may be interpreted as a patient's approval in the context of submitting the doctor's schedule with the necessary details for making an appointment or an informed refuse. Prior to signing the consent document, the agreement, the prospective student already confirmed that she understood the terms and conditions. to let the patient understand anything before doing it, and when making the judgment, the patient should make the most of any of an exhaustive information (informed decision). The kinds of studies found in this paper are what lawyers refer to as "normative" studies. The nature of this analysis is informative, and is research that outlines, discusses, illustrates, and analyzes legal rules pertaining to the role of consent in the doctor and patient's relationship. Patients are given the right to know regarding the medical activities, outlined in Regulation Minister of Health (Per) No. 290 on Approval of Medical Actions, prior to accessing treatment. As seen from the standpoint of the idea of unauthorized consent (considered given), the patient-doctor partnership becomes complicated. This issue revolves around the concept of informed consent, which is essentially an assumption that the patient has already agreed to carry out medical procedures with the doctor prior to seeking medical treatment.
Electrical Conductivity and Antenna Properties of Polyaniline filled GNPs Nanocomposites
Authors: Abd Razak Jeefferie , Khalid Nor Aisah , Hasib Hazman , Mahamood Mazlin Aida , Ismail Mohd Muzafar , Mohamad Noraiham , Puspitasari Poppy , Flaifel Moayad Husein
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of utilizing conductive polymer nanocomposite for flexible type antenna application. The polyaniline (PANI) filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites were synthesized by an oxidative aniline polymerization in an acidic medium. The PANI/GNPs nanocomposites were then characterized by using various spectroscopy and imaging tools. It was found that the strong interaction between PANI macromolecules and GNPs flakes is caused by the strong ?-? conjugation between them, as validated by an increase of Id/Ig ratio of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites. As a result, it established a three-fold improvement for the electrical conductivity of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites, due to the larger amount of charge carrier transport at higher GNPs nanofiller loadings (1.00 wt.%). Later, the PANI/GNPs nanocomposites powder was applied to the cotton fabric by integrating it with a rubber paint slurry. Electrical conductivity, antenna gain, return loss, and radiation pattern of the antenna were reported. It was found that PANI/GNPs flexible textile antenna possessed a constant gain of 4.1809 dB, return loss at -13.154 dB, and radiation pattern which operated at 10.36 GHz for 100% improvement of electrical conductivity, in comparison with unfilled PANI. From these findings, it can be said that the development of wearable textile antenna utilizing PANI/GNPs nanocomposites on the cotton fabric as flexible radiation patch, has great potential for wireless communication purposes.
A comparative study between high-definition volumetric imaging computed tomography and multi-slice computed tomography in the detection of acute thoraco-lumbar disc extrusions in dogs
Authors: Elliott Ross C. , Berman Chad F. , Lobetti Remo G.
Published: March 2021

Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to image intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) in dogs. The current gold standard for CT imaging is the use of multi-slice CT (MS CT) units. Smaller high-definition volumetric imaging (HDVI) mobile CT has been marketed for veterinary practice. This unit is described as an advanced flat panel. The goal of this manuscript was to evaluate the ability of the HDVI CT in detecting IVDE without the need for CT myelography, compared with the detection of acute disc extrusions with a MS CT without the need for MS CT myelogram. Retrospective blinded analyses of 219 dogs presented for thoraco-lumbar IVDE that had a HDVI CT (n = 123) or MS CT (n = 96) were performed at a single referral hospital. A total of 123 cases had HDVI CT scans with surgically confirmed IVDE. The IVDE was identified in 88/123 (72%) dogs on pre-contrast HDVI CT. The remaining 35/128 (28%) cases required a HDVI CT myelogram to identify the IVDE. Ninety-six cases had MS CT scans with surgically confirmed IVDE. The IVDE was identified in 78/96 (81%) dogs on the pre-contrast MS CT. The remaining 18/96 (19%) cases had a MS CT myelogram to identify the IVDE. Multi-slice CT detected IVDE significantly more than HDVI CT (p = 0.032). This study showed that the ability of HDVI CT for detecting IVDE is lower than that of MS CT. The HDVI CT system may be useful in smaller referral practices, with a lower case load where space is limited.
Exploring Grade 8 Khelobedu-speaking learners’ writing challenges in Sepedi Home Language in Mopani District, South Africa
Authors: Ramothwala Tsebo , Segabutla Madikwa H. , Rwodzi Christopher , Thokwane Dira
Published: March 2021

In South Africa, Khelobedu-speaking leaners learn Sepedi as their ‘home language’ at school because Khelobedu (sometimes referred to as ‘Selobedu’) is classified as a dialect of Sotho. This article draws on the challenges that Grade 8 Khelobedu-speaking learners experience when writing in Sepedi Home Language. This article will encourage teachers to reflect on their teaching and support the learners to write better. The study aimed to investigate the Selobedu-speaking leaners’ writing experiences in Sepedi Home Language with reference to dialectical variations, exploring the strategies learners use to adapt and making recommendations to support them. A qualitative research study was conducted at two public high schools in Mopani District. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with four Sepedi teachers, learner group interviews with 30 learners from two high schools (15 per school) and 60 learner essays (30 per school). The data were analysed through content analysis and error analysis. Both the teacher interviews and learner focus group interviews revealed that the teachers used Khelobedu in the Sepedi classrooms. Moreover, teacher interviews also suggested that the learners also used Khelobedu words and pronunciation in their writing and spelt Sepedi words the way they pronounced them in Khelobedu. Further, the essays indicated that the learners struggled to write in Sepedi; they made spelling mistakes, had limited Sepedi vocabulary and struggled with conjunctive and disjunctive writing. Finally, the findings revealed that the dialectal variations between Khelobedu and Sepedi interfered with the learners’ writing instead of being additive. The learners used Khelobedu words in their writing and spelt Sepedi words the way they pronounced them in Khelobedu.
Utilisation of e-collaboration tools for effective decision-making: A developing country public-sector perspective
Authors: Akinsola Samuel , Munepapa Judith
Published: March 2021

Background: Collaboration is about coming together of two or more individuals or entities to combine either tangible or non-tangible resources in achieving a set goal or objective, regardless of distance, time and location; an outcome that may otherwise have been difficult to accomplish independently. However, utilisation of e-collaboration resources for exchange of knowledge is yet to be adopted by developing country public organisations for effective decision making.Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess and determine the extent to which public-sector managers currently use e-collaboration resources to support their decision-making processes, and examine challenges hampering e-collaboration.Method: A qualitative approach was followed using a case study design on a public organisation in Namibia. The selected case has departments, directorates and divisions and offices across Namibia. Case study data collection instruments were utilised. A judgemental sampling technique was used for the selection of 120 participants.Results: There is somewhat usage of e-collaboration resources in public organisations; however, lack of enabling competencies to use available e-collaboration functionality; most public-sector managers continue to depend on the traditional callaborative approaches.Conclusion: E-collaboration resources have become an integral part of facilitating decision-making in organisations, including the public sector; because information or knowledge sharing is essential for effective decision-making. Collaboration among stakeholders can have great influence on managers and foster change in the processes and approaches currently being utilised. This study contributes to the collaboration of resources for improving the managers’ decision-making in public organisations.
Was Eve the first femme fatale?
Authors: Coleman Roche
Published: March 2021

Feminist theology approaches the biblical teaching of the fall with a non-historical or traditional interpretation. The biblical teaching suggests that the primordial couple sinned by eating the forbidden fruit from the tree that God prohibited (Gn 3:1–24). Additionally, the woman is blamed because she functions as a femme fatale who enticed Adam to eat the fruit. Writers within the feminist and non-feminist theology argue that the so-called ‘Yahwist’ is responsible for a patriarchal view that is evident in Genesis 3. Ultimately, male authors and interpreters of the Bible crafted a narrative that implicated the woman as the culprit for the presence of sin within humankind. Thereafter, women have been suppressed by the male-dominated culture that has manifested itself throughout the biblical literature. Several approaches seek to absolve the woman of guilt in the fall narrative: firstly, denial of the fall; secondly, depatriarchalising the biblical text; and thirdly, applying a deconstructionist literary methodology. The objective of this study was to consider whether Eve deserves the label of the first femme fatale. Did Eve use influence, beauty and words to persuade Adam to deviate from the divine mandates? The question surfaces uncomfortable considerations, but labelling Genesis 3 as patriarchal is an attempt to silence dialogue. Uncomfortable conversations are essential in the academic quest.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Feminist and non-feminist theologians seek to absolve the woman of the femme fatale label by denying the fall, depatriarchalising the Old Testament and applying a deconstructionist interpretation. This article challenges the feminist, Old Testament and systematic theologian to reconsider their interpretation of Genesis 3, especially, the woman’s role as a femme fatale.
Effect of proning in patients with COVID-19 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive oxygen therapy
Authors: Sryma PB , Mittal Saurabh , Mohan Anant , Madan Karan , Tiwari Pawan , Bhatnagar Sushma , Trikha Anjan , Dosi Ravi , Bhopale Shweta , Viswanath Renjith , Hadda Vijay , Guleria Randeep , Baldwa Bhvya
Published: March 2021

Background:

Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is reported to have high mortality in SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome. We aimed to investigate whether awake prone positioning (PP) can improve oxygenation and prevent intubation when employed early.

Methods:

This prospective interventional study included proven coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with room air saturation 93% or less. The primary outcome was the rate of intubation between the two groups. The secondary outcomes included ROX index (SpO2/FiO2%/respiratory rate, breaths/min) at 30 min following the intervention, ROX index at 12 h, time to recovery of hypoxemia, and mortality.

Results:

A total of 45 subjects were included (30 cases and 15 controls) with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 53.1 (11.0) years. The age, comorbidities, and baseline ROX index were similar between the two groups. The median duration of PP achieved was 7.5 h on the 1st day. The need for MV was higher in the control group (5/15; 33.3%) versus prone group (2/30; 6.7%). At 30 min, there was a statistically significant improvement in the mean (SD) ROX index of cases compared with that of the controls (10.7 [3.8] vs. 6.7 [2.6], P < 0.001). No significant adverse effects related to intervention were noted.

Conclusion:

Awake PP is associated with significant improvement in oxygenation and may reduce the need for MV in subjects with COVID-19.
A case of normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis triggered by urinary tract infection
Authors: DEMİR Esra , KORYUREK Ozgul Mustu , TANRIKULU Onur
Published: March 2021

Urticaria, also known colloquially as hives, is a vascular reaction characterized by itchy, edematous plaques and papules, which develops by immunological or non-immunological mechanisms after the exposure to a triggering stimulant. Painless and itchy lesions that blanch upon pressure and fade spontaneously within 48 hours are the characteristic feature of the condition. In the case of urticarial vasculitis, on the other hand, the plaques, which last for at least 24 hours and present with burning, pain, and itching, leave a pigmentation behind when fading, and exhibit the histopathological characteristics of leukoclastic vasculitis. Urticarial vasculitis, which constitutes 5-20% of all chronic urticaria cases, is more common in the fourth decade of life and women.
Sustainable work in transition. Policy background, concepts and research arenas
Authors: Abrahamsson Kenneth
Published: March 2021

Future of work is today discussed at global level in Agenda 2030 and SDG 8, by ILO and in the Global Deal which is a multi-stakeholder initiative for social dialogue and inclusive growth. Future of work, social innovations and inclusive growth are also central policy missions for the OECD, the European Commission, and its agencies Cedefop, EU-OSHA and Eurofound. The European Pillar of Social Rights highlights the need for a European social model promoting a progressive interplay between economic development, god working conditions and social protection. This article analyses concepts of quality of work, decent work, and sustainable work. Its title comprises different connotation of sustainable work in transition. Firstly, sustainable work has not got significant attention in the policy agenda on sustainable development. Secondly, new forms of work and the dissolution of the traditional workplace and standard employment relations call for a widened use of the content of sustainable work. Thirdly, the Green Deal, low carbon omissions and new energy systems will have substantial impact on work organisation and production systems. Finally, digitalization, labour market transformations and increasing job longevity make job shifts and skills upgrading more common and sustainable work must be seen in a life-course and lifelong perspective.
Stakeholder collaboration inspired by the Nordic model – Towards sustainable work and competitiveness during an industrial startup
Authors: Harlin Ulrika , Berglund Martina , Skagert Katrin , Elg Mattias
Published: March 2021

External stakeholder collaboration is vital for new industrial projects and establishments. The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge of how relations and stakeholder collaboration with trade unions can be created during industrial startups, so as to foster sustainable work and competitive advantages. A case study was carried out in the early phases of a major greenfield project aimed at establishing a new industrial domain in a Nordic context. The results show that cooperation between a new firm and trade unions has the potential to proactively address prerequisites for sustainable work in design phases of new factories, but also to strengthen the attention to other dimensions of social sustainability that are crucial for industrial startup´s long term success possibilities. However, specifically in a high—growth firm, there needs to be a systematic approach that incorporates continuous anchoring activities both within and between the stakeholders’ different levels. Serendipity in the findings were cooperation processes related to competence acquisition and societal development needed to meet both an emerging firm´s and future employee´s individual prerequisites and needs. Hence, building a stakeholder chain inspired by the Nordic model in change processes such as startups, enables attention to dimensions of social sustainability needed in work processes in early development phases, which is also beneficial from a competitive and societal perspective.
Dolphins Signal Success by Producing a Victory Squeal
Authors: Dibble Dianna Samuelson , Van Alstyne Kaitlin R. , Ridgway Sam
Published: March 2021

We have long observed dolphins producing recognizable sounds—bursts of pulses with sweeping peak frequencies—at prey capture. We call this the victory squeal. When dolphins hunt fish, there are three sequential sounds: sonar clicks, terminal buzz, and the victory squeal. When dolphins find a fish with sonar clicks, but reject the fish during the terminal buzz phase, they omit or truncate the victory squeal. We also observe dolphins producing the victory squeal after a trainer’s bridge, which serves as secondary reinforcement that bridges the time gap between the dolphin’s performance and delivery of food reinforcement. It signals the dolphins that they responded correctly and that reward is forthcoming. Before training, the victory squeal came after fish capture, but with successive trials, there was a forward shift in the victory squeal to come about 200 ms after the bridge. The victory squeal immediately following the bridge suggests the dolphin expects reward. Although there are no direct studies of dopamine release in cetaceans, early brain stimulation studies demonstrated consistent timing that may link the victory squeal with brain dopamine release. In the current study, we asked if dolphins might produce the victory squeal after task completion, but without the trainer’s bridge. Dolphins carried cameras, recording video and sound, while performing tasks in the open ocean, away from trainers, during swimmer/mine marking and retrieving. In each task, we observed the victory squeal immediately upon completion of task components. We suggest that the victory squeal signals that these experienced dolphins recognized their success.
Perspectives on the Function of Behaviors Synchronized with Calling in Female Killer Whales, Orcinus orca: Patterns of Bubbling and Nodding in Bouts
Authors: Bowles Ann E. , Musser Whitney B. , Clark Kelly Flaherty , Denes Samuel L. , Grebner Dawn M.
Published: March 2021

In odontocetes, synchronous visible displays accompany a small proportion of vocalizations but the function of these multimodal signals is still unclear. Bouts of stereotyped pulsed calls were collected from two adult female killer whales (Orcinus orca) concurrently with behavioral observations and the incidence of two synchronous behaviors, bubble streams and nodding, were measured. Thirty-four hours of focal individual data were collected in the presence of dependent calves in 1993 and 1994. Overall, 471 pulsed calls were attributed to the two subjects using synchronous behaviors or independent cues (proximity, localization by ear in air). Both subjects used the same stereotyped pulsed call repertoire and they ordered calls within bouts similarly, despite dissimilar previous histories. Both nodding and bubble streams were disproportionately associated with a subset of stereotyped pulsed calls, but the subset was different for the two behaviors. General Linear Model analysis was used to predict the relative odds that the subjects would be swimming with calves given call class and attribution cue. Bubbling was not associated with significant odds that a subject would be swimming with one or more calves, but nodding was associated with significantly higher odds and resting calls with lower odds. Given these observations, synchronous behaviors in the presence of calves could function in one or more of the following ways: altering the signal value of calls, emphasizing an aspect of the social context, and facilitating learning. All are possibilities at the interface between cognition and communication that would have interested Stan Kuczaj.
Mating Behaviors Exhibited by a Captive Male Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)
Authors: McCord Jessica M , Frick Erin E. , Cameron Dianne , Kuczaj II Stan A.
Published: March 2021

The population of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) is currently a topic of conservation efforts. Understanding the mating behaviors of a species can be utilized in conservation efforts to preserve the species. Little is known about the behavioral repertoire of Pacific walruses, due to their isolated Arctic habitats, with limited studies previously describing observations of walrus mating behaviors. The aim of the present case study was to observe the mating behaviors of a single captive male Pacific walrus to examine overall frequency of specific mating behaviors in both social and solitary contexts. The subjects, one male and two females, were recorded at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom from November 2013 through January 2014. Only behaviors exhibited by the male walrus directly associated with mating were noted. Grabs were the most frequently observed behavior, and holds were not significantly observed which could contribute to the infrequent successful copulation attempts. Pharyngeal sac inflation, a vocal and visual behavior, was not frequently observed in a sexual context but has been observed in mating contexts in the wild. The male walrus used other sexual outlets such as self-gratification and toy use; however, these behaviors occurred significantly less than sexual encounters with females. There appeared to be a mate preference for the female with tusks, as the male interacted significantly more with the tusked female compared to the non-tusked female who was in estrus. Studying mating behavior in controlled settings such as this can be revealing of the capabilities of the species as a whole. Understanding more about how walruses interact in their environment can be used for future management and breeding strategies.
Neither Toy nor Tool: Grass-wearing Behavior among Free-Ranging Bottlenose Dolphins in Western Florida
Authors: Weaver Ann , Kuczaj Stan
Published: March 2021

Play and tool use are controversial in part because both have been challenging to define. Play behavior continues to elude specific definition but is currently recognized as a legitimate behavioral classification, especially when an activity involves handling objects (toys), although play does not require object handling. In contrast, animal tool use behavior requires object handling that also meets criteria of purposeful and conditional handling in a specific context to achieve a goal. This report describes a form of object handling, grass-wearing behavior, exhibited by free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in St. Petersburg, FL, USA, to see if play or tool-use-like behavior explains it. During 9,551 sightings of 311 dolphins across 8 yrs of study (Jan 2006 – Dec 2013), N = 79 dolphins were observed with one or more blades of grass splayed across the dorsal fin 190 times. Grass-wearing was unrelated to activities conducted in seagrass meadows, age-sex class, or adult female reproductive phase. Grass-wearing was primarily related to changes in group composition (fusion events). It occurred in larger groups that were significantly more likely to be socializing in affiliative, explicitly sexual and playful contexts with only one observation during conflict, although grass-wearing occurred during travel, forage/feeding, and resting. The behavior was partly explained by play and tool-use-like behavior but is more consistent with dolphins self-decorating with grass as a stimulus enhancement in greeting or bids for attention.
Consensus Preclinical Checklist (PRECHECK) Experimental Conditions –Rodent Disclosure Checklist
Authors: Brunner Daniela , Balci Fuat , Kabitzke Patricia , Hill Heather
Published: March 2021

These guidelines follow the recommendation of a number of external bodies to regulate the use of animals in research. They can be used both for transparency in publication, and in this sense they extend what is being requested by journals, or for regulatory or funding institutions, to request information prior, during, or after funding, and to ensure adherence to regulations. This checklist focuses on the use of rodents in research. Other species (such as marine mammals, primates, or invertebrates) will be covered in future separated checklists. This checklist is based on and extends the following guidelines: Animals in Research Ethical Guidelines, Guidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications, Animals Welfare Act, and ARRIVE guidelines.
Right to Freedom of Religion and Right to Clean Environment: A case of Bagmati River, Pashupatinath Temple
Authors: Yonzon Dia Maijadh , K. C. Ojaswi
Published: March 2021

This research deals with two fundamental rights listed in the Constitution of Nepal, 2015; the Right to freedom of religion and the Right to clean environment with a special reference to the Bagmati River and riverbank in Pashupatinath Temple. The aim of the research is to visualize a clean river while keeping in mind the continuation of centuriesold traditions. The research explores the question of whether the religious practices performed in the river are destructible to the river ecosystem or not. It further tries to see the stance of state regarding its approach to finding the middle ground between the two different fundamental rights. The researchers have assessed this dimension through the study of ritual performance in the banks of Bagmati River, state policy and citizen’s attitude regarding this issue. Bagmati River is considered as a holiest of holy by followers of Hinduism. It provides a sample to understand the significant role played by other Hindu temples and their river banks located in the territory of Nepal in determining the river’ s purposes along with the sustainability of the river and its tributaries.
Lest We Forget the Realm of Armed Conflicts: A Guided Discussion on the Law of Armed Conflict/International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Sangroula Yugichha
Published: March 2021

The paper is a doctrinal and a dialectic endeavour to comment on LOAC/IHL from a bird’s-eye view. It is the author’s initial attempt to contribute to an ongoing discussion on the theory and practice of LOAC/IHL, reflecting on the key issues relevant to Nepal. The question-answer approach is based on the author’s interactions with law students, colleagues, members from the police, military, victims, bureaucrats and politicians in the Nepali diaspora. The paper will benefit from the readers’ critique.
FACTORS AFFECTING DIVIDEND PAYMENT POLICY
Authors: Adi Wibowo Seto Sulaksono , Bana Agung
Published: March 2021

Dividend payments are a routine activity that is usually done by the company once a year. Before dividend payments are made many factors are considered before the company pays the dividends. This study aims to determine what factors affect the payment of dividends. The sample used in this study is all non-financial sector companies that pay dividends for 3 consecutive years 2016 to 2018. This study uses the Eviews test tool and uses multiple regression tests. The results of this study indicate that profitability, life cycle and company size have positive effects while liquidity, cash flow, growth opportunities and leverage have no effect on dividend payout policies.

 
The Role of Social Media Marketing Activities on Customer Equity Drivers and Customer Loyalty
Authors: Anggraini Vika Ansy , Hananto Arga
Published: March 2021

During the past few years, adoption of e-commerce in Indonesia has been increasing along with other trends in information , communication and technology sector such as widespread use of smartphones and social media.  To promote its services, e-commerce firms have also embraced social media and carry out social media marketing activities. This study is aimed to test the influence of social media marketing activities toward customer loyalty through customer equity drivers (i.e. Value Equity, Brand Equity, dan Relationship Equity.). A survey was conducted using convenience sampling technique to select respondents. A total of 161 usable responses were used in the main data analysis. This study found support for the five dimensions of social media marketing activities suggested from previous study. Furthermore,  this study found that social media marketing activities affect value equity, brand equity and relationship equity. This study also found that two customer equity drivers (brand equity and relationship equity)had a positive effect on customer loyalty, while value equity had a positive effect on customer loyalty, but it was not significant. Discussion and managerial implications were also discussed in this study
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND BRAND AWARNESS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS WITH VIRAL MARKETING AS INTERVENING VARIABLES ON JANJI JIWA COFFEE CONSUMERS AMONG STUDENTS USING SOCIAL MEDIA AREA JABODETA
Authors: Awaludin Muhammad Nurfauzi , Sukmono Sigit
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of social media marketing and brand awareness on purchasing decisions with viral marketing as an intervening variable in Janji Jiwa coffee consumers among students who use social media in Jabodeta. convenience sampling with samples used as many as 214 respondents to fill out an online questionnaire with certain criteria. This research uses two independent variables, namely social media marketing and brand awareness, the dependent variable is the purchase decision and as an intervening variable (mediation), namely viral marketing. The method used in this study uses path analysis which is the development of multiple linear regression andprocessed using SPSS software. From the research results, it is known that social media marketing has an effect on purchasing decisions both directly and indirectly through viral marketin mediation, and brand awareness influences purchasing decisions both directly and indirectly through viral marketing mediation. Of the two, the direct influence on purchasing decisions is greater than the indirect effect through viral marketing mediation.
Mathematical proof of the first stage of the law of karma that good deeds lead to happiness and bad deeds lead to suffering. What is buddha-“God” by buddhist religion understanding?
Authors: Dorj Jargal
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we will prove the Buddhist teaching that good deeds/actionlead to happiness and bad deeds lead to suffering has a scientific verification by using an optimal control theory branch of mathematics.TheBuddhist teaching considers thatBuddha is a good mind/soul with information about good deeds or good karma. Here we will prove this view has scientific evidence as a theorem.
An Overview of Mobile Banking in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Subbulakshmi P. Santhiya , Siddik Dr. M. Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Banking plays an important role in every industry. Everyday role of banking technology is increasing speedy, which assist the banking industry. Banking leads the major position in every industry. Banking is the biggest financial institution which scrutinizes the opportunity to furnish good customer service. In olden days, banking has outstripped from traditional rules and regulations for the customers queuing for services in the banks. Now a day the technology leads the major role in growth and idleness. Communication, connectivity and process of the business are the different routes in banking industry. Today bank shows their technological improvement by wireless and mobile technology. This helps the customer to make freedom to pay bills; the customer can easily make payment without struck in traffic jams, easily receive updates on marketing changes.
Eletroconvulsivoterapia: Ultrapassando o Impedimento de Consentir
Authors: Mota Jorge
Published: March 2021

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Catch Them All: Exploring the Psychological Impact of Playing Pokémon Go
Authors: Wang Ruoxu , Wu Mu
Published: March 2021

Using the self-determination theory, this study examined the relationship between seven Pokémon GO features and three psychological outcomes – sense of community, sense of companionship, and psychological well-being. Results showed frequency of collecting Pokémon, customizing Pokémon, performing gym related activities, purchasing special items, and taking pictures with the Pokémon led to increased sense of community, sense of companionship, and psychological well-being. In addition, sense of community and sense of companionship mediated the relationship between frequency of using these five Pokémon GO features and psychological well- being respectively.
Prevalencia y determinantes de depresión en estudiantes de medicina, Honduras, Noviembre, 2017
Authors: Medina Guillen Leonardo Flavio , Sanchez Hugo Alejandro , Jose Breve Leonardo , Medina Ramos Ernesto Kaibil , Salazar Denisse Adriana , Andino Ochoa Ronald Ariel , Cordova Kevin Lisandro , Shafick Asfura Javier , Cruz José Luis
Published: March 2021

Introducción:  El trastorno depresivo mayor se define por episodios determinados de al menos dos semanas deduración, que implican cambios claros en el afecto, cognición, funciones neurovegetativas, anhedonia, fatiga, entreotros. En Honduras, un 13.2% de la población se encuentra afectada; sin embargo, no hay estudios en depresiónenfocado en estudiantes de medicina.

Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de alcance descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal; muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Participaron 380 estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras de una población de 7,700. Se empleo el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente 9 (PHQ-9) para diagnóstico de depresión y se elaboró un cuestionario con 38 preguntas para obtener los determinantes asociados. Se realizó el análisis estadístico en SPSS v23 y se emplearon medidas de tendencia central y análisis de frecuencias. Se contemplaron las recomendaciones de la declaración de Helsinki.

Resultados y discusión: El 31.57% presenta depresión mayor o menor. De ellos, se debería considerarel tratamiento en un 55% y aplicarse en un 19.5%. El 93.7% declaró que la carrera les generaba algún grado deestrés por la carga académica y exigencias. Además, un 14.8% expresó que ser funcionales en sus hogares, trabajoso en relaciones interpersonales es muy difícil o extremadamente difícil. Finalmente, un 11.90% de los encuestadostiene pensamientos de muerte o de autoagresiones en más de la mitad de los días o en casi todos los días.
STUDY ON IN-SERVICE INSPECTION PROGRAM AND METHOD FOR FUEL HANDLING SYSTEM OF RDE
Authors: Mardhi Alim , Andryansyah Andryansyah , Haryanto Mudi , Setiadipura Topan , Nugroho Ari
Published: March 2021

One of the main programs that should be established on the designing process of the fuel handling system is to establish an in-service inspection program for maintaining the integrity of the system, structure and component during service lifetime. The most important role of in-service inspection is the nondestructive examination techniques. The objective of this study is to propose a preliminary program for examining the integrity of the fuel handling system during operation and determining the best method to confirm the defects. The proposed programs are described as follows, defining the operating environment of the fuel handling system, identifying the material characteristics during operation which indicates to promote the defects, and selecting the appropriate method of non-destructive examination and analysis technique for such kind of defects. The proposed in-service inspection program is expected to give significant additional value to the fuel handling system design of RDE.
Effect of Full Implementation of Domestic Solar Water Heaters on the Electricity Peak Load in Libya
Authors: Abdunnabi M. J. R , Dadesh K , Mrehel O. R , El-shamekh N
Published: March 2021

Electricity plays an important role in the contemporary life, and it has become indispensable nowadays. Reducing the peak electricity load and increasing the load factor have been considered as one of the main tasks that have to be accomplished by both electricity generation-side and demand-side managements.The residential sector of Libya consumes over 31% of the total sold electricity, and 29.8% of that is delivered to the electric water heating load. This is an inefficient way of electricity utilization. Usually, the electricity supplier in Libya used to increase the local generation capacity or import electricity from neighboring countries. Both solutions did not resolve the problem. This work attempts to investigate the effect of replacing electric water heaters in the residential sector of Libya by solar water heaters on reducing the electricity peakload and increasing the load factor. The results show that on average 3% of the peak load demand can be saved. This is equivalent to 149.5 MW of reduced power. The study also revealed that the annual amount of energy saved is up to 2.55TWh, and the load factor is improved by 2% (i.e. from 65% to 67%). This saved energy is equivalent to a power plant with a nominal capacity of 448 MW considering a load factor of 0.65