bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is Nanoarchitectonics: Origin and Task
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Azzaroni Omar
Published: February 2022

Nanoarchitectonics represents a new concept for the fabrication of functional material systems through harmonization of various actions including atomic- and molecular-level manipulation, chemical reactions, self-assembly and self-organization and their modulation by external fields and/or stimuli. These working principles can be applied to all categories of materials, regardless of the material type, be that inorganic, organic, or biomaterials. Electroactive, photoactive and bioactive systems and their functional units can be combined into architectures that produce soft nanomaterials, coordination polymers, nano-machines, functionalized nanocarbons, catalytic materials, and more. Therefore, nanoarchitectonics can work as a navigator to convert conventional materials into integrated molecular systems displaying advanced, concerted functions. This chapter not only introduces the essential elements of “nanoarchitectonics” to readers new to the field, but also provides a historical perspective in order to gain a better understanding of the subject in light of its earliest phases and subsequent evolution.
Designed Amphiphiles for Cell Membrane Mimetic Nanoarchitecture
Authors: Yasuhara K. , Omoto K. , Nishino T. , Rapenne G.
Published: February 2022

Biomembrane is a functional interface that provides not only a cross-wall to compartmentalise the cytoplasmic components from the external environment but also sophisticated functions such as material transport, signal transduction and energy production. Complex functions of biomembranes are established by the interplay of a lipid bilayer and membrane proteins. To date, a significant number of synthetic amphiphilic molecules have been designed inspired by membrane-forming molecules that can simulate the structures and functions of biomembranes based on supramolecular chemistry in an aqueous environment. This book chapter provides an overview of the guidelines for the molecular design of amphiphiles that can mimic biomembranes, as well as their nanoarchitecture and achieve biomimetic functions.
Ag(i)/PPh3-catalyzed diastereoselective syntheses of spiro[indole-3,4′-piperidine] derivatives via cycloisomerizations of tryptamine-ynamides
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Wang Zhaobo , Zhao Wutong , Sun Shitao , Yang Lu , Zhang Junpeng , Zhang Di , Cheng Maosheng , Lin Bin , Liu Yongxiang
Published: February 2022

A Ag(i)/PPh3-catalyzed chelation-controlled cycloisomerization of tryptamine-ynamide was developed to access the spiro[indole-3,4′-piperidine] scaffold in a diastereoselective manner based on a chiron approach.
Tremendous boost in the photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4: regulation from polymerization kinetics to crystal structure engineering
Authors: Bai Xiaojuan , Jia Tianqi , Hao Derek , Xin Yilin , Guo Linlong
Published: February 2022

TOC diagram illustrates that a change in the degree of polymerization affects the intermolecular distance and promotes electron migration in the g-C3N4 framework.
An ion migration induced self-powered photoelectrical detector based on FAPbBr3 single crystals
Authors: Dong Song-Tao , Fu Zhuang , Yu Miaocheng , Jiang Jia-Ling , Jin Xiaoyun , Guo Yu-Hang , Wang Lei , Zhang Ya-Mei
Published: February 2022

Irreversible ion migration was utilized to design a built-in electric field and energy band bending in a symmetrically structured Au/FAPbBr3/Au device, which successfully leads to a self-powered photoelectric device based on FAPbBr3 crystals.
Effect of Al substitution on the magnetization reversal and complex magnetic properties of NiCr2O4 ceramics
Authors: Meng B. , Fu Q. S. , Chen X. H. , Gong G. S. , Chakrabarti C. , Wang Y. Q. , Yuan S. L.
Published: February 2022

A relationship was built between the structure and magnetic properties to investigate the magnetization reversal and magnetic interaction. The result of the magnetic switching effect indicates potential applications in data storage devices.
Modulation of DNA conformation in electrolytic nanodroplets
Authors: Si Dong-qing , Liu Xin-yue , Wu Jin-bo , Hu Guo-hui
Published: February 2022

Conformations of dsDNA immersed in an electrolytic nanodroplet can be modulated by nanodroplet size and ionic concentration. A nondimensional elasto-capillary number μ is proposed to classify the different conformations into three regions.
Sustainable electrochemical dehydrogenative C(sp3)–H mono/di-alkylations
Authors: He Jin-Yu , Qian Wei-Feng , Wang Yan-Zhao , Yao Chaochao , Wang Nana , Liu Huilin , Zhong Bing , Zhu Cuiju , Xu Hao
Published: February 2022

Catalyst-free, direct electrooxidative phenol derivatives C(sp3)–H mono- and di-alkylation reaction have been developed.
Rapid cell pairing and fusion based on oscillating bubbles within an acoustofluidic device
Authors: Liu Xiufang , Zhang Wenjun , Farooq Umar , Rong Ning , Shi Jingyao , Pang Na , Xu Lisheng , Niu Lili , Meng Long
Published: February 2022

An acoustofluidic device based on oscillating bubbles was designed to rapidly pair and fuse cells with no limitation of cell size. The cell pairing rate reached 90% within 40 ms and fused cells kept biological functions.
Imaging-guided bioreactor for de-epithelialization and long-term cultivation of ex vivo rat trachea
Authors: Mir Mohammad , Chen Jiawen , Pinezich Meghan R. , O'Neill John D. , Huang Sarah X. L. , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana , Kim Jinho
Published: February 2022

An imaging-enabled rat trachea bioreactor is developed that can permit controllable in vitro epithelium replacement, in situ cell monitoring, and long-term tissue scaffold cultivation.
Silver(i)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of hydrosilanes with DMF to symmetrical and unsymmetrical disiloxanes
Authors: Wu Nan , Li Chuang , Dong Guichao , Jiang Mengfei , Xu Zhou
Published: February 2022

An alternative route to symmetrical and unsymmetrical disiloxanes, utilizing a 0.5% AgNTf2 catalyst to enable oxidative coupling of hydrosilanes with DMF as an oxygen source, is reported.
[2+2] Cycloaddition or β-hydrogen elimination?—a DFT study of the reactions of propylene catalyzed by (PDI)Fe-metallacycle
Authors: Jiao Mingyang , Wang Zichen , Zhang Beibei , Chen Bo-Zhen
Published: February 2022

The origin of the chemoselectivity of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by different (PDI)Fe-metallacycles is due to the different groups (N2 or CH3) coordinated with the Fe metal.
Fungal–fungal co-culture: a primer for generating chemical diversity
Authors: Knowles Sonja L. , Raja Huzefa A. , Roberts Christopher D. , Oberlies Nicholas H.
Published: February 2022

In their natural environment, fungi must compete for resources. It has been hypothesized that this competition likely induces the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites for defence.
Mechanophotonics – a guide to integrating microcrystals toward monolithic and hybrid all-organic photonic circuits
Authors: Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: February 2022

This feature article gives guidelines to construct molecular crystal-based organic photonic integrated circuits (OPICs) using mechanical micromanipulation with atomic force microscopy tips.
Pd/Cu bimetallic catalysis to access highly fluorinated biaryls from aryl halides and fluorinated arenes
Authors: Ponce-de-León Jaime , Marcos-Ayuso Guillermo , Casares Juan A. , Espinet Pablo
Published: February 2022

Selective bimetallic Pd/Cu catalysis enables access to highly fluorinated biaryls from Ar–H active commercially available reagents.
Phytoplankton community composition variation under natural and prolonged saline intrusion simulations
Authors: Nguyen Trang Cong , Au Hoa Van , Tran Giang Trung , Nguyen Phuong Thanh , Vu Ut Ngoc
Published: February 2022

This study assessed phytoplankton community composition variation under two discrete salinity intrusion rate experiments. Experiment 1 simulated salinization under short-term, natural tidally induced rates of salinity change typical of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (0–30‰ in 6 h), while Experiment 2 simulated salinization under a longer, more gradual rate of salinity change (0–30‰ at 5‰ increase per week). Phytoplankton community composition was, overall, more abundant following prolonged salinity change (Experiment 2) than rapid, tidally-induced salinity change (Experiment 1). Under both experimental conditions phytoplankton species number and density varied with changes in salinity, indicating a strong effect of salinity regardless of its rate of change. At the end of the salinity acclimation, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta were all most abundant at a salinity of 5‰ after a short-term tidally simulated change in salinity, but with a longer, more gradual change in salinity, the abundance of different groups varied with salinity; With a longer, more gradual change in salinity, Chlorophyta was most abundant at 5–10‰ salinity, while Cyanobacteria, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta were all most abundant at a salinity of 5‰. The species composition in treatments of less than 10‰ had high similarity with the freshwater environment while treatments of 30‰ (Experiment 1) and 25‰ (Experiment 2) had high similarity with the natural seawater environment. This study demonstrates the utility of mesocosm experiments for understanding phytoplankton community composition variation in natural aquatic ecosystems under rapid and prolonged saline intrusion rates and predicting associated impacts on food webs in natural water bodies and aquaculture systems.
Legal structure of apartments: experience of doctrinal understanding and analysis of legislative decisions
Authors: Formakidov Dmitry A.
Published: February 2022

The paper is devoted to theoretical and practical problems of determining the legal status of apartments according to the current Russian legislation. The relevance of the study is bound to the introduction of the draft legislation on the regulation of relations, construction and use of apartments in multiuse buildings at the end of April 2021 by the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the views in the legal literature regarding the legal structure of apartments. A comparative legal analysis of apartments and residential premises was carried out taking into account the characteristics and types of the latter. It was concluded that apartments are classified as nonresidential premises. The proposed legislative regulation of relations arising in the process of erection and subsequent operation of multiuse buildings and premises located in such buildings used for the accommodation of citizens is analyzed. Conclusions were drawn on the imperfection of the existing legal regulation and the disadvantages of the proposed draft legislation.
Spiritual side of advertising and values of regional media products
Authors: Rzhanova Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2022

The paper considers advertising communication in the aspect of socio-cultural activity. The study shows that advertising reflects the desire of the Russian society for a global association, for the fulfillment of universal human values, performs the functions of social communication, and has signs of a media product. Special attention is paid to the spiritual side of advertising, since it reflects the new vital needs of a person, an active influence on the way of life, the system of values of individuals. It is proved that the media represent media opportunities for the implementation of advertising. Media technologies for transmitting non-verbal information, digitalization of mass media, online mode expand the communicative capabilities of advertising activities. The entire information and advertising process is reflected in the development of regional advertising and communication channels. At the moment, the regional media space of Mordovia offers such types of advertising as commercial, institutional, industrial, consumer. It should be noted that the digital indicators reflect a stable, consistent movement of regional society from the industrial-social to the public-consumer stage of development. This confirms the fact that a fairly large number of media platforms are occupied by consumer advertising. Industrial advertising is characterized by the steady growth, which is somewhat characterized by “downturns”, which may be explained by seasonal changes in the functioning of joint-stock companies. In general, the small growth in industrial production steadily achieved by the Republic of Mordovia over the past ten years is reflected in the qualitative and quantitative improvement of the corresponding type of advertising.
Regional aspect in foreign language education (sociocultural competence)
Authors: Yakovleva Anastasia , Savvina Irina
Published: February 2022

The regional aspect of language education plays a significant role in the development of sociocultural students’ competence. The implementation of the regional component in university education is rarely considered, the issues of determining its content and role in the development of student competencies are not sufficiently developed. The way linguistic disciplines are currently taught in universities is undergoing a qualitative change, helping it meet the requirements of educational modernization, while the content and teaching methods are updated, and a competency-based approach to professional training is developed. The sociocultural competence occupies an important position together with the development of linguistic competence of students. The article presents the project results “Teaching the German language with the regional material” for the students of “45.03.01 Philology: Foreign philology (German language and literature)”. A preliminary survey showed that 76 % of students from 52 respondents were interested in studying regional material in the foreign language. The results discovered that our pedagogical approach increased the level of regional sociocultural competence of students, which contributed to the development of students' competency in the dialogue of cultures.
Individual investment accounts as a tool for investing in the financial market: the value-based legal approach
Authors: Dobrynina Larisa Yuryevna
Published: February 2022

The article is a comprehensive study of the legal regime of Russian individual investment accounts (IIA) as a financial tool intended only for citizens, taking into account the existing legislation which deserves special attention, since it reflects key problems of the financial market. Under the sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation and economic recovery after the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the national political and legal concept is aimed at involving the population in the investment process and ensuring sustainable development. The scientific and practical value of the research results is due to the development of civil legal ideas about the legal mechanism of individual investment accounts as an instrument of tax policy, taking into account the aspects of administrative and labor law and the impact of digital technologies. The legal relations between professional participants in the securities market and citizens associated with IIAs are analyzed taking into account the methods of gaining income (value), including tax advantages. The novelty of the study is due to the systematic analysis of the dynamics of legal relations and administrative barriers which reduce the economic efficiency of IIAs. A number of problems related to the lack of comprehensive legal protection of the rights and interests of citizens-investors have been identified (safety of assets on these accounts).
Would online legal services guarantee the availability of justice and legal aid?
Authors: Selkova Anastasia
Published: February 2022

Traditionally, legal services have been delivered in offices during face-to-face interactions between the lawyer and his client. At the present time, digital technologies have shifted that scheme as it becomes possible to communicate by telephone, with the use of the internet or in a way that involves both. The author rethinks the nature of legal services and provides a framework for understanding further developments. Special attention is focused on assumption that virtual law practice is more than just a sale of legal documents or single online task management because it provides direct and effective communication between a lawyer and a client. The article shows the difference that new technology can make for ensuring easy access to legal aid and justice. The author states that the central role in legal practices modernization belongs to lawyers who should change the way they work and have to embrace innovations. The article introduces all means for delivering legal aid that clearly have the potential to fully transform the legal services market. Also, the author outlines some dangers that may become a serious threats to the new technologies perspectives.
Legal modeling as method for studying genetic and genomic information
Authors: Vladimirova Darina Sergeevna
Published: February 2022

The relevance of this work is due to the fact that genomic and genetic information are special objects of research for law, and they require a systematic approach able to regard as many features of such information as possible. It seems that legal modeling is one of the key legal research methods capable of coping with this task. The purpose of this study is to consider the method of legal modeling in the study of genetic and genomic information. The paper outlines some aspects of its application, its advantages for interdisciplinary research. It has been established that legal modeling is able to regard all the factors influencing the legal regulation of genetic and genomic information. The staging of legal modeling, which implies determining the object and the subject of legal modeling, setting goals and objectives, proposing and testing a hypothesis and formulating a legal model, has been noted.
Proverbs and sayings collected by A.E. Kulakovsky: language analysis as a source of ethnocultural information
Authors: Darbasova Svetlana , Ilyina Nyurguyaana
Published: February 2022

Since proverbs and sayings reflect the historical experience of the people, they are of value to historians, ethnographers, folklorists, linguists. The layer of archaic phenomena of the language found in folklore, lost in the process of its development, can serve as valuable sources in the study of the language, culture, and features of the way of life of the people. In the late XIX-early XX centuries A.E. Kulakovsky managed to collect and record proverbs and sayings expressing the wisdom and spiritual wealth of the Yakut people, their keen and deep aphoristic talent. The researcher believed that proverbs and sayings are the most valuable part of the folklore material he collected as the focus of the accuracy, compression and strength of the language. The paper attempted to study proverbs and sayings from the point of view of the presence of historicisms and archaisms, which not only reflect the realities of the life of the people of a certain historical time, but also serve a valuable source of study of the ethnography of the Yakuts. The division of obsolete words in the composition of proverbs and sayings into parts of speech is dictated by the need to identify signs of the greatest variability in the language development.
Phraseological units with a structural component of the zoonymic code in the assessment of human qualities in the Yakut and Chinese languages
Authors: Moiseeva Vera L. , Ivanova Alena Y.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the attempt to perform comparative analysis of phraseological units with a structural component of the zoonymic code in the characterization of human qualities in the Yakut and Chinese languages. The paper analyzes the stereotypical images of animal characteristic of two countries with different geographic locations. The degree of similarity and difference in assessing the character of a person is of particular interest as well as the properties of his behavior, expressed metaphorically through the images of animals familiar to a certain national culture. Since, possessing linguistic and cultural differences, the speakers of the considered languages can attach different, sometimes diametrically opposite meanings to the same image. A comparative analysis of the idioms recorded in the language can help to reveal some culturally significant differences in the perception of one or another trait of human nature and the presentation of behavioral characteristics. The authors tried to consider the most common images for a given language and compare the anthropomorphic qualities attributed to this or that animal.
Formation of the skill of perception of pitch accent at the initial stage of learning the Japanese language
Authors: Burakova Anna , Permyakova Tuyara
Published: February 2022

This paper is devoted to the formation of the skill of perception of Japanese pitch accent. Pitch accent is one of the most challenging aspects of learning Japanese. In addition, the relevance of the study is also confirmed by the fact that in Russian and Japanese textbooks for beginners there are no tasks on the perception of Japanese pitch accent. In the practical part of the study, we conducted an experiment. 23 students from Northeastern Federal University who began studying the Japanese language in September 2021 took part in this experiment. The students of the experimental group began to study the Japanese language according to the introductory phonetic course developed by A. Burakova. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the tasks developed as a part of the introductory phonetic course had a positive effect on the perception of pitch accent at the initial stage of learning the Japanese language.
Problems of preserving the cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the North in the conditions of digitalization
Authors: Gafurova V. , Balynskaya N. , Koptyakova S. , Chuprin V. , Shkurko N.
Published: February 2022

The most important way of existence and development of culture is its cultural heritage. In his life, a person can understand, master and assimilate a small part of the cultural heritage. After himself, a person leaves the accumulated experience, cultural and spiritual values created by him during his life. All this after him becomes available to descendants in the form of cultural heritage. The main thing for posterity is to preserve this heritage. Preservation of cultural heritage, its popularization and broadcasting are prerequisites for the development of any society. This article is devoted to the consideration of the problems of preserving the cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East in the context of globalization in cyberspace. The authors identified and analyzed the problems faced by representatives of small ethnic groups in modern conditions. The application of information and telecommunication technologies as a way of preserving cultural heritage is considered. The analysis of the implementation of IT-technologies in culture is presented.
The fundamental legal values of modern legal regulation
Authors: Kovaleva Viktoria Viktorovna
Published: February 2022

In modern conditions of the development of society, which is characterized by the exponential development of high technologies that penetrate into all spheres of public life, in a period when the problem of regulating biotechnology, smart cities, all-encompassing digitalization is acute, and all this against the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic requires a solution to the issue about fundamental legal values that are necessary for the optimal mediation of social communication in unprecedented circumstances. The aim of the research is to consider the category of "fundamental legal value" and its role in the regulation of legal relations. The object of this research is social relations arising in the process of legal regulation. The subject is fundamental legal values as necessary tools for legal mediation of social communication. The study used dialectical, logical, systemic and structural, functional, formal legal methods. In this study, based on the analysis of modern legal literature, it is concluded that the category "fundamental legal values" is not sufficiently studied and requires further research, while it is necessary to differentiate the value foundations of law and fundamental legal values, where the former are decisive for the latter. The axiological aspect in the study of law is in demand in view of the crisis in the regulation of public relations through law, since in modern conditions of disorientation of society, lockdowns and restrictions, it is necessary to preserve and develop the value orientations of legal regulation, which is possible only through the use of legal instruments, which are fundamental legal values.
Incest and inbreeding: issues of criminal liability
Authors: Bimbinov A.A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This study seeks answers to the most common issues on incest criminality. It is supposed to resolve issues on the existence of a public danger of incest, on the possibility of establishing criminal liability for incest in Russian legislation, as well as on the admissibility and relevance of the corresponding corpus delicti. These issues are considered on the basis of the study of modern scientific works of Russian and foreign authors, the analysis of domestic and foreign legislation and the comparison of the results with the social and biological aspects of human life. The results of the study may have both scientific and applied, as well as methodological relevance, including the possibility of using them in new scientific research.
Relationship between gender and subjective well-being: survey of married couples
Authors: Buhner Natalia Yu. , Rogozina Irina V. , Tsyganenko Natalia V. , Tiskova Olga V. , Bespalova Natalia N.
Published: February 2022

Subjective well-being refers to people’s experience and self-reported measures about the quality of their lives, cognitive evaluation of social and economic activities. This evaluation depends on different factors, like income, standards of living, mood, adaptability, expectation on job-to-pay ratio. The importance of gender in this process cannot be underestimated. Based on data obtained by a sociological survey we examined 75 Altai Krai's married couples responses to determine gender differences in subjective well-being, using a multi-step procedure involving methods of frequency and correlation analysis, the method of studying the relationship between categorical variables. Our results reveal several gender differences, which greatly appear in expectations on a job-to-pay ratio.
Methods of fixing and circulating precedent names in Chinese cultural space
Authors: Voropaev Nikolai Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

The paper presents some results of the study of precedent names of a Chinese cultural space and describes the main methods of fixing and circulating precedent names (PN) in a modern Chinese discourse. According to the author, the main ways include epithets-invariants of the perception of referents of precedent names in dictionaries and textbooks, and, therefore, in the minds of the Chinese who went to school; special dictionaries and collections with images of PN referents (more often these are historical personalities) and very brief encyclopedic information about them; adapted chapters from precedent texts with headings in the form of precedent names-eventonyms in books for children and teenagers; phraseological units and set expressions of Chinese language of all types which are connected with the precedent phenomena; frame works; precedent names, precedent texts. The author believes that epithets represented by phraseological units, phraseological units as such, name variants and precedent texts can be attributed to primary basic methods. These methods show the specifics of the Chinese cultural space and serve the basis for PN preservation, fixation and translation. Special dictionaries and collections, adapted texts of chapters from classic novels with names in the form of PN eventonyms and frame works are secondary derived methods and tools that demonstrate the great demand of the Chinese linguistic and cultural community for precedent names and are based on language-saved knowledge of PN and other precedent phenomena.
Colonization of the West: preliminary analysis and long-term prospects
Authors: Jakovlev Vladimir , Perlin Petr
Published: February 2022

More than a hundred years ago, the World powers have started to turn China into a “subcolony”, and now the world faces a reversed process. China expands over the world, not with the use of military force, but adopting economic tools to make other countries heavily depended or indebted to China. The modern geopolitical situation requires new solutions, and it seems relevant to develop them basing not only on the present short-term concerns, but also on the legacy of the past era. There is a need for detailed understanding of the phenomenon of "reverse colonization" in order to deploy effective measures in order to ensure independent development of the economic and cultural situation in the non-Chinese world.
Economic aspects of cooperation between New Zealand and the United States as international actors in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Novikova Elena , Rybalko Mikhail
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes economic aspects of the interaction between New Zealand and the United States of America as international actors in the Asia-Pacific region. The substantiation of the importance of the Asia-Pacific region in the foreign policy of the two countries is given. We determined that the economic component is one of the most significant components of bilateral relations. Statistical data for the five-year period (2016-2021) are presented, demonstrating the evolution of economic relations between New Zealand and the United States. We established that the economic policy of the two countries is aimed at continuing intensive international cooperation and implementing a recovery strategy in 2021. We concluded that the "soft power" course used by Wellington would enable the country to achieve significant benefits even more in cooperation with other states and reach qualitatively new levels in the existing system of international relations in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Altai Cossacks family in the 19th - early 20th centuries: sociocultural and historical Aspects
Authors: Bitter Natalia V. , Isaev Viktor V. , Tiskova Olga. V. , Buhner Natalia Yu. , Dunets Aleksandr N.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to a brief history of Siberian Cossacks in Altai. The exploration of Altai by the Siberian Cossacks was conditioned by the political and economic interests of the Russian state. It needed to protect the southern borders of Siberia from aggressive attacks of the Dzungarian Khanate and to develop the natural resources of the Altai, primarily the ore deposits. During the development of this territory, the Cossack family was the basis of Cossack’s life, a kind of financial, spiritual, and cultural center. When we considered transforming the Cossack family, we took into account the historical and sociocultural context. Various aspects describing the Cossack family are supported by statistical research data, in particular the 1917 agricultural census, a unique document that presents questionnaires of 95% of the Cossack households. An important place is given to the description of the rites and wedding customs of the Altai Cossacks, in which the traditions of Russian national culture are manifested.
Oriental studies education in Russia. Training of Mongolists at the beginning of the 20th century to 1920
Authors: Polyanskaya Oksana N. , Semushev Ivan N.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted one of the most difficult periods in the history of Russian and Soviet Oriental studies, including Mongolian studies - the transition from the science of the Russian Empire to the Soviet one. At this time there was a change in the entire system of scientific knowledge. The Orientalist institutions of the scientific and educational plan were faced with tasks radically different from the prerevolutionary ones. It was necessary to take a step away from the study of sources, language issues, ancient periods of the peoples of the East. In exchange for this refusal, a transition was made to the study of living Oriental languages and issues of socio-economic importance in line with the new Soviet methodology. The article, in contrast to Soviet historiography, argues for the point of view on the development of practical Mongolian studies in pre–revolutionary Russia, which had considerable experience in the program and institutions for the training of Mongolian practitioners. The main inspirer of practical Oriental studies was the Mongol scholar A.M. Pozdneev. He was the first director of the Oriental Institute in Vladivostok, and rector of the Practical Academy at the Society of Oriental Studies in St. Petersburg - educational institutions. There he trained future specialists in the modern East. Soviet Oriental institutes adopted this experience, adapting it to new conditions. In this regard, there was a reorganization of the Lazarev Institute in Moscow. On its basis, with a significant expansion of the curriculum programs, the Central Institute of Living Oriental Languages was established. And in St. Petersburg, using the experience of the Academy at the Society of Oriental Studies, the work of the Petrograd (Leningrad) organized the Institute of Living Oriental Languages.
The content and modelling aspect of coloratives in Japanese linguoculture
Authors: Shalina Irina Victorovna , Vorobyova Larisa Alexandrovna
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to consider Japanese coloratives as signs of the national code of linguoculture from the point of view of their content-symbolic and modeling aspects of significance. The combination of the basic coloratives of Japanese linguoculture is clarified; their pictorial, expressivepsychological, and aesthetic functions are revealed. It is established that the modeling function orients the attitude to the object of color designation in the aspect of status, prestige, and reverence. Thus, Japanese coloratives form a language system, reflecting the originality of Japanese culture and can be considered as a national code that accumulates a symbolic and simulating function, specifying and defining attitude towards objects, people, situations etc.
Vinaya monasteries in the eyes of early Qing emperors
Authors: Vetluzhskaya Lidia , Lepneva Mariia
Published: February 2022

By the first half of the eighteenth century, lineages of the Buddhist Vinaya school (Lüzong) took hold in several monasteries in Beijing. However, when the Yongzheng emperor designed a grand ordination ceremony to be held in 1734 he opted to summon a Vinaya patriarch from a distant Mt Baohua near Nanjing. This article aims to provide an explanation for such a choice by means of exploring the image of relevant Vinaya monasteries in the eyes of early Qing emperors, relying mainly on the evidence in the gazetteers of these monasteries. Our findings show that Vinaya monasteries in Beijing, such as Tanzhe, Guangji, and Minzhong, enjoyed considerable imperial patronage. At the same time, only Minzhong monastery was perceived as a purely Vinaya site, while the image of its counterparts was rather heterogeneous. The main advantage that could have singled out the abbot of Mt Baohua Fuju (1686–1765) was the first full-fledged school genealogy that he compiled in 1733, while other monasteries in question did not possess an identity of sites with strong and stable Vinaya lineages at that time. Accordingly, Yongzheng might have wished to promote a genealogically organized Vinaya school as a check-andbalance against swelling Chan lineages.
Historical experience of regional economic cooperation of the Far East of the USSR and Japan in the late Soviet period
Authors: Platonova Nonna Mikhailovna
Published: February 2022

The article examines the main directions of regional economic cooperation between the Soviet Far East and Japan. The significance of export-import supplies, their raw materials orientation, features and differences between the economic systems that influenced the trade indicators, interests of trading partners during the late Soviet period (1965 - 1985) are investigated. The conditions of forestry and oil-extracting industries of the Far East which cooperated with Japanese companies on a compensation basis are described. The article analyzes the efficiency of export of products from the Far East to Japan, and outlines the stability of regional exports entering the neighboring state of the Asia-Pacific region. In a general historical context, the author pays special attention to the difficulties in economic bilateral cooperation, and analyzes their causes. The article describes an equally important area of the constructive international interaction between the Soviet Far East and Japan - coastal border trade, whose striking feature was exhibitions of industrial products. Along with traditional export-import operations, the advantages of this form of cooperation are analyzed. It was found that the factor constraining regional economic cooperation was the difference between the planned and market models of economies. The situation was extremely complicated by the underdeveloped transport infrastructure of the Far East, the inconsistency with the world achievements of the scientific and technological progress of the extractive industries of the industrial and civil complex, the financial and personnel deficit, rigid centralization, which hindered the initiatives of the local party elite in the matters of economic interaction with representatives of Japanese business.
Scientific approaches to developing critical thinking in Asian-Pacific region
Authors: Khlyzova Natalia Yu.
Published: February 2022

This article deals with the study of critical thinking, the need and the ways to apply it in regional studies. It analyzes scientific and educational approaches to developing critical thinking in Asia-Pacific region. It studies them in a theoretical level and tests across regional studies. It gives the reasons to develop critical thinking across regional studies to improve a complex regional analysis in the modern conditions of informatization. It proves the need of integration of critical thinking and regional studies. The author offers to enlarge the model of professional competences of regional studies experts with critical thinking development, emphasizing the purposeful and systematic way of this development. The hypothesis of the work is that investigation of the scientific approaches to developing critical thinking in Asian-Pacific region will promote critical thinking of regional studies experts and their ability to analyse the region. It presents the results showing the effectiveness of the given professional competence model and higher level of critical thinking developed by purposeful and systematic steps during regional studies activities.
Giving Preparative Thin-Layer Chromatography Some Tender ­Loving Care
Authors: Hayward John J. , Trant John F. , Mader Lavleen
Published: February 2022

Preparative thin-layer chromatography (prepTLC) is a commonly used method of purification suitable for small-scale reactions. However, descriptions of the preferred methodology to load, run, and recover samples from prepTLC are non-standard and varied, making it part of the ‘hidden curriculum’ of laboratory techniques. In this article we report on the simple, cost-effective methods we use to load and collect samples from a plate, which enhance the convenience, speed, and precision of this technique.
Synthesis of a Maleimide-Diaminoterephthalate Fluorescence Dye as a ‘Turn-On’ Probe for the Detection of Thiols
Authors: Christoffers Jens , Schröder Nils
Published: February 2022

A fluorescence ‘turn-on’ probe for the detection of thiols was prepared in three steps. A diaminoterephthalate chromophore (λabs = 472 nm) was equipped with a maleimide moiety as reactive group. Upon conjugate addition of the thiol, the fluorescence intensity is increased by a factor of about twenty (λem = 567 nm, quantum yield Φ = 1% → 14%). The probe is used to establish a quantitative assay for glutathione.
Evaluation of Burn Wound Infection in a Referral Center in Colombia
Authors: Jaimes Sandra L. , Ramírez Carlos E. , Viviescas Andres F. , Abril Andres F. , Flórez David F. , Sosa Cristian D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction Burn wound infection (BWI) is the second most important cause of death in burn patients. There is currently limited data about the incidence and clinical presentation of BWI using quantitative techniques as quantitative biopsy culture (QBC) to prevent progress to burn wound sepsis (BWS).

Methods This is a prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with BWI, confirmed by QBC, from February 2018 to July 2019 at University Hospital of Santander (HUS). The primary outcome was to determine clinical, microbiological, and histopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with BWI along with a positive QBC and their relationship with early diagnosis and progression to BWS.

Results 525 patients were admitted to HUS Burn Center. Of those, 44/525 (8.23%) presented a clinical diagnosis of BWI (median age, 20.5 years [1–67 years]; 25/44 [56.8%] male). QBC was positive in 26/44 (59%), Staphylococcus aureus 14/44 (31.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7/44 (15.9%) were the mainly etiological agents isolated. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was mostly to beta-lactams in 14/44 (31.8%), corresponding to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Clinical signs more related to infection were erythema in 33/44 (61.3%). As many as 10/44 (22.7%) progressed to sepsis and 2/44 (6%) died.

Conclusion BWI increases hospitalization time and number of surgeries, increasing the risk of sepsis and death. The QBC allows an accurate diagnosis with lesser false-positive cases that impact antibiotic resistance and mortality. Protocols targeting this problem are needed to decrease the impact of this.
Evaluation of Postoperative Bleeding after Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Furukawa Shogo , Nishikawa Shuji , Higashino Masaaki , Terada Tetsuya , Kawata Ryo
Published: February 2022

Postoperative bleeding after thyroid surgery is a life-threatening complication. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for postoperative bleeding. The medical records of 323 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery between 2012 and 2019 at our hospital were reviewed. Bleeding occurred in 11 of the 323 patients (3.4%). Our analysis revealed no associations of the age, sex, tumor characteristics, or operative factors with the risk of postoperative bleeding. Most patients had symptoms/signs of bleeding, such as cervical swelling, pain/tenderness, and respiratory disturbance. In 5 of the 11 patients who developed postoperative bleeding, the aforementioned symptoms/signs were detected by the attending nurse. Careful observation for up to 24 hours is recommended for early detection of the signs/symptoms of bleeding in patients undergoing thyroid surgery, not only by the surgeon but also by the rest of the care team, including other doctors and nurses attending on the patient.
Atmospheric pressure plasma jets protect brain cells during a stroke
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: February 2022

Highlighting the key mechanisms of plasma jets in reducing neural cell death under stroke-relevant conditions
Vortex breakdown characteristics of flying wing aircraft based on jet flow control
Authors: Zhu Jiachen , Shi Zhiwei , Geng Xi , Fu Junquan , Chen Sinuo , Chen Yongliang
Published: February 2022

To delay the position of vortex breakdown and increase the lift characteristics of the flying wing aircraft, the vortex breakdown characteristics of a flying wing aircraft under jet flow control were studied based on numerical simulation. The design idea of jet excitation selection based on the natural helical mode frequency of the aircraft is proposed. The flow fields and frequency spectrum characteristics of aircraft before and after applying steady and unsteady excitation are analyzed. The results show that under the same jet momentum coefficient, the control method of unsteady excitation has more advantages. The control effect of excitation frequency in the range of helical mode instability frequency is generally better than that outside the helical mode. When the excitation frequency is consistent with the peak value of the main frequency of the upstream helical mode, optimal control effect is obtained, which has the most supplement to the axial velocity and obvious suppression effect on the separation zone. Moreover, periodic energy injection can enhance the peak value characteristics of the main frequency, make the frequency range of the downstream flow field develop toward high frequency, and accelerate the rotation of the flow field after the vortex breakdown.
Deciphering the influence of high-flux helium plasma exposure on tungsten nanostructure growth using real-time, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Kolasinski Robert D. , Wong Chun-Shang , Engel Aaron , Whaley Josh A. , Allen Frances I. , Buchenauer Dean A.
Published: February 2022

In situ analysis of surfaces during high-flux plasma exposure represents a long-standing challenge in the study of plasma–material interactions. While post-mortem microscopy can provide a detailed picture of structural and compositional changes, in situ techniques can capture the dynamic evolution of the surface. In this study, we demonstrate how spectroscopic ellipsometry can be applied to the real-time characterization of W nanostructure (also known as “fuzz”) growth during exposure to low temperature, high-flux He plasmas. Strikingly, over a wide range of sample temperatures and helium fluences, the measured ellipsometric parameters (Ψ,Δ) collapse onto a single curve that can be directly correlated with surface morphologies characterized by ex situ helium ion microscopy. The initial variation in the (Ψ,Δ) parameters appears to be governed by small changes in surface roughness (<50 nm) produced by helium bubble nucleation and growth, followed by the emergence of 50 nm diameter W tendrils. This basic behavior appears to be reproducible over a wide parameter space, indicating that the spectroscopic ellipsometry may be of general practical use as a diagnostic to study surface morphologies produced by high-flux He implantation in refractory metals. An advantage of the methods outlined here is that they are applicable at low incident ion energies, even below the sputtering threshold. As an example of this application, we apply in situ ellipsometry to examine how W fuzz growth is affected both by varying ion energy and the temperature of the surface.
Multiphysics analysis of thermal fluid in quasi-DC discharge in water
Authors: Zhang He , Liu Yi , Ding Yue , Zhao Yong , Li Hua , Lin Fuchang
Published: February 2022

In the process of microsecond and millisecond pulsed discharge in water, a liquid low-density region will be formed by the effect of Joule heating. Then, thermal fluid is formed. Thermal fluid can influence the flow field and temperature distribution; and thus, it will affect the development of discharge. In this paper, the schlieren technology is used to observe the development of thermal fluid. The temperature field around the thermal fluid is calculated by the quantitative schlieren method. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the development of thermal fluid. Results show that the development of thermal fluid involves the coupling of electric fields, flow fields, and thermal fields. When there is an electric field, the movement of thermal fluid is mainly driven by the electric force, and it conforms to electrohydrodynamics. When the electric field disappears, the movement of thermal fluid is mainly driven by pressure. Due to Rayleigh–Taylor instability in the thermal fluid's head, the thermal fluid takes on a mushroom shape. The change in the thermal fluid's development direction on the side of the electrode leads to a short increase in the equivalent resistance of the gap. The study of thermal fluid is helpful to qualitatively understand quasi-DC discharge in water.