bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive diagnosis in alcohol‐related liver disease
Authors: Hadefi Alia , Degré Delphine , Trépo Eric , Moreno Christophe
Published: March 2020

Background

Alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) represents a major cause of death worldwide, and unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, which is related to poorer outcomes. Liver biopsy has historically been the gold standard for identifying advanced hepatic fibrosis, but this approach has several limitations, including invasiveness, low applicability, sampling variability, and cost.

Main Text

In order to detect earlier features of advanced liver fibrosis, surrogate biomarkers and techniques have been developed. While these were initially developed for chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), their performance in ALD has also been recently studied. Among the noninvasive surrogate markers and techniques used to detect liver fibrosis, the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test, FibroTest, and Transient Elastography are the most accurate and validated techniques. In this review, we summarize the current status of the noninvasive assessment of liver disease in ALD and provide a synthesis of how these noninvasive tools can be used in clinical practice. Finally, we briefly outline novel biomarkers that are currently being investigated and discuss future directions and new opportunities in the noninvasive diagnosis of ALD.
Effectiveness of sorafenib dose modifications on treatment outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis in real‐life settings
Authors: Tak Kwon Yong , Nam Hee Chul , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Kim Chang Wook , Kim Hee Yeon , Lee Sung Won , Lee Hae Lim , Chang U Im , Song Do Seon , Yang Jin Mo , Kwon Jung Hyun , Yoo Sun Hong , Sung Pil Soo , Choi Sang Wook , Song Myeong Jun , Kim Seok Hwan , Jang Jeong Won
Published: March 2020

Controlling adverse events (AEs) through dose reduction can enhance drug adherence and treatment response. Currently, there is no guide for sorafenib dosing. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sorafenib dosing could affect treatment outcomes. A total of 782 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with sorafenib were evaluated for sorafenib dosing and its modifications via medical records at baseline and regular follow‐up. Study outcomes included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), sorafenib duration, cumulative dose, AEs and drug discontinuation. The median patient survival was 7.7 months. Overall, 242 (30.9%) patients underwent dose reduction and 121 (17.5%) discontinued sorafenib due to AEs. In multivariate analysis, dose reduction was identified to be independently predictive of PFS and OS. The 800‐to‐400 mg/day group provided significantly better PFS than the 800 mg/day‐maintained group or the 800‐to‐600 mg/day group. Likewise, the 800‐to‐400 mg/day group resulted in a significantly better OS than other dosing. However, dose reduction to 200 mg/day led to significantly worse PFS and OS. Hand‐foot skin reaction and drug discontinuation due to AEs were higher in the 800‐to‐600 mg/day group than the 800‐to‐400 mg/day group. The 800‐to‐400 mg/day group had significantly longer treatment duration and higher cumulative dose than the 800 mg/day‐maintained group. Sorafenib dose reduction can improve HCC survival and increase patient tolerance and adherence coupled with longer duration and higher cumulative dose. Dose reduction from 800 to 400 mg/day than to 600 mg/day is recommended when clinically warranted. However, dose reduction to 200 mg/day is not recommendable.
Serum calcium‐magnesium ratio in women with pre‐eclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Okoror Collins E. M. , Enabudoso Ehigha J. , Okoror Okiemua T. , Okonkwo Chukwunwendu A.
Published: March 2020

Objective

To determine the serum calcium‐magnesium ratio in pre‐eclampsia and compare with normotensives.

Methods

A case‐control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital between October 2017 and March 2018 among 81 pregnant women (27 cases and 54 controls matched for age, gestational age, and parity). An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on demography/clinical history. Venous blood was collected without stasis and sent for biochemical analysis. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS 21.0.

Results

The levels of serum Ca2+ (7.73 + 1.24 vs 9.17 + 0.77; P<0.001), Ca2+‐Mg2+ ratio (3.36 + 0.60 vs 3.83 + 0.41; P=0.001), and Mg2+ (2.35 + 0.35 vs 2.41 + 0.16; P=0.469) were lower among cases. Serum Ca2+ level correlated negatively with systolic (r=0.45, P=0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.50, P=0.010) among the cases. Hypocalcemia was a risk factor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 7.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64–35.37) while social classes 2 and 3 were protective factors (AOR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.46 and AOR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.24, respectively) against pre‐eclampsia.

Conclusion

The result of this research supported the implication of micronutrients in pre‐eclampsia and may help to understand the pathophysiological process of pre‐eclampsia. It will also help to establish and enhance existing preventive strategies for the condition. The recommendation by WHO on calcium supplementation in pregnancy as a step in preventing the occurrence of pre‐eclampsia should be practiced.
“Meeting Someone at the Edge”: Counselors’ Experiences of Interpersonal Stress
Authors: Moore C. Missy , Andrews Sara E. , Parikh‐Foxx Sejal
Published: March 2020

Using consensual qualitative research, the authors explored the factors that contribute to counselors’ experiences of interpersonal stress and how counselors respond to interpersonal stressors within therapeutic settings. Thirteen professional counselors representing a variety of counseling contexts and settings participated in semistructured interviews. Through consensus building, the authors identified 4 domains within the data: client characteristics, relationship dynamics, counselor response, and personal vs. professional self. The findings suggest that client characteristics and relationship dynamics are catalysts to counselor interpersonal stress responses, which shape their conscious awareness of the experience. Implications for clinical practice, clinical supervision, and counselor wellness are discussed.
Parental Influences on University Students’ Mental Help‐Seeking Intentions
Authors: Digal Joahnna J. , Gagnon Michelle M.
Published: March 2020

Parents are thought to play an integral role in adolescents’ and young adults’ help‐seeking, yet parental influences on university students’ help‐seeking intentions have been largely overlooked. A total of 118 parent‐student dyads completed questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that increased student attachment to parent and lower levels of student distress were associated with informal help‐seeking. Actor‐partner interdependence models demonstrated that parent variables had no influence on students’ help‐seeking intentions. Counseling and research implications are discussed.
Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness Training in the Counseling Field
Authors: Lenes Emi , Swank Jacqueline M. , Hart Kimberly A. , Machado Mercedes M. , Darilus Stephanie , Ardelt Monika , Smith‐Adcock Sondra , Rockwood Lane Mary , Puig Ana
Published: March 2020

The Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness (CCMM) training focuses on addressing intercultural relationship ruptures, individual inequity, and systemic disparities. In this randomized control study, the authors examined the CCMM training effectiveness with 39 prelicensed counselors and counseling students using repeated measures analyses of covariance. Participants reported statistically significant changes in multicultural competence; mindfulness; and color‐blind racial attitudes related to privilege, institutional discrimination, and blatant racism. Implications for counselor training practices and future research are provided.
“We Are Still Here”: Learning From Native American Perspectives
Authors: Giordano Amanda L. , Prosek Elizabeth A. , Schmit Michael K. , Wester Kelly L.
Published: March 2020

Counselors’ multicultural competence is often cultivated through 1 graduate‐level diversity course. Therefore, it is important to regularly assess multicultural counseling textbook content to ensure accurate representation of the perspectives of members of diverse populations. To this end, the authors interviewed 14 Native Americans to explore their perspectives on subjects related to counseling to inform clinical practice and training. Using consensual qualitative research, the authors identified 10 domains in the data. Cross analysis of the domains revealed 1 general and 29 typical categories. The identified categories have implications for the development of culturally competent clinicians. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Mental Health Literacy and Peer‐to‐Peer Counseling Referrals Among Community College Students
Authors: Kalkbrenner Michael T. , Sink Christopher A. , Smith Jessica L.
Published: March 2020

Mental health literacy (MHL) has utility for promoting peer‐to‐peer referrals to mental health support services among university students. However, there is a gap in the extant literature about the potential usefulness of MHL for supporting the mental health of community college students, a population facing a number of mental health conditions. The authors examined the construct validity and the utility of 3 dimensions of MHL as predictors of peer‐to‐peer referrals to the counseling center among community college students. Results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the dimensionality of the instrumentation and a hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that MHL was a significant positive predictor of peer‐to‐peer referrals to the counseling center. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
Self‐Efficacy for Enhancing Students’ Career and College Readiness: A Survey of Professional School Counselors
Authors: Parikh‐Foxx Sejal , Martinez Robert , Baker Stanley B. , Olsen Jacob
Published: March 2020

Grounded in Bandura’s (1997) self‐efficacy theory and Savickas’s (2011) career construction theory, this study examined school counselors’ beliefs about whether they can perform specific tasks related to supporting students’ career and college readiness. A national sample of school counselors (N = 2,047) completed the School Counselor Self‐Efficacy for Enhancing Student Career and College Readiness Scale (Baker, Parikh‐Foxx, & Martinez, 2017). Findings from a survey research design indicated that the extent of related training and the challenges associated with implementation of career service delivery were of concern to participants. Recommendations for training, practice, and further research are presented.
The Career Human Agency Theory
Authors: Chen Charles P. , Hong Julie Wai Ling
Published: March 2020

The authors propose a constructivist theory of career human agency to integrate and update the existing career theoretical models to better address the current postmodern zeitgeist. The career human agency theory (CHAT) represents a metatheory of career psychology guided by the principles of Bandura’s human agency framework and informs career development practice and counseling interventions. CHAT promotes the enactment of personal, proxy, and collective agency in the face of uncertainty and adversity. This article describes 4 pillar principles of career agency and provides concrete examples for career counseling application.
A Mixed‐Methodological Evaluation of a Subjective Well‐Being Intervention Program With Elementary‐Age Students
Authors: Lenz A. Stephen , Gerlach Jennifer , Dell’Aquila Julia , Pester Danielle
Published: March 2020

An embedded mixed‐methods design was implemented with 34 elementary‐age students (mean age = 10.15 years, SD = 0.65) to evaluate salient experiences and improvements in protective factors and life satisfaction associated with a subjective well‐being intervention program (SWIP). Analyses resulted in a model of participant experiences in which thematic experiences with SWIP participation (improved emotional expression, enhanced self‐discovery, and increased empathy) promoted the emergence of protective factors (self‐concept and self‐confidence) that contributed to life satisfaction.
Analyzing the Impact of the Medicare Coverage Gap on Counseling Professionals: Results of a National Study
Authors: Fullen Matthew C. , Lawson Gerard , Sharma Jyotsana
Published: March 2020

The authors surveyed 6,550 members of the American Counseling Association regarding the current impact of Medicare policy on counseling professionals. More than half of respondents (54.8%) had been directly affected by Medicare reimbursement barriers, including 70.0% of practicing counselors. Statistical analyses indicated significant associations between years in the profession, direct experience with the Medicare coverage gap, and participation in professional advocacy related to Medicare. Implications for counselors, counselor educators, and counseling scholarship are discussed.
Five Licensure Portability Models for the Counseling Profession to Consider
Authors: Bohecker Lynn , Eissenstat SunHee J.
Published: March 2020

This article presents licensure portability models for the counseling profession to consider. On the basis of a review of licensure portability literature discussed in other professions, the authors found 5 distinctive models: (a) nonprofit organization model, (b) mutual recognition model, (c) federal licensure model, (d) national licensure model, and (e) licensure language model. The article includes examples of professions using the models, application and implications of each model, and a call to the counseling profession for next steps.
A Systematized review of experiences of individuals in Arnett’s emerging adulthood stage who live with or are at‐risk for genetic conditions
Authors: Shelley Anna Rae , McCarthy Veach Patricia , LeRoy Bonnie , Redlinger‐Grosse Krista
Published: March 2020

Emerging adulthood, a distinct developmental period between ages 18 and 29 years, comprises five features: identity exploration, experimentation/possibilities, negativity/instability regarding one's outlook, self‐focus, and feeling in‐between adolescence and adulthood. A growing literature examines the impact of genetic conditions on individuals who chronologically fit the emerging adulthood period. This systematized literature review uses the emerging adulthood theory to determine whether individuals living with or at‐risk for a genetic condition experience the features of this period as well as similarities and differences between these two groups. A literature search yielded 1,303 peer‐reviewed papers from the 17 years since emerging adulthood theory was published. Ten papers met inclusion criteria—five for those Living With a genetic condition (e.g., cystic fibrosis) and five for those At‐Risk for a genetic condition (e.g., hereditary breast and ovarian cancer). Content analysis yielded themes consistent with the five emerging adulthood features for both individuals Living With and At‐Risk for genetic conditions. Negativity/instability was most prevalent, and feeling in‐between was least prevalent in both groups. Results further suggest unique challenges related to one's genetic conditions/risk with respect to independence (from family, healthcare providers), career/education, relationships/social life, family planning, and life perspective experiences. Salient differences were apparent between the groups in their experiences of the emerging adulthood features. For instance, Living With individuals reported challenges concerning their ongoing physical symptoms, whereas At‐Risk individuals reported challenges regarding genetic testing decisions and anticipation of physical symptoms. Thus, emerging adults Living With and At‐Risk for genetic conditions appear to experience the main emerging adulthood features, but they face unique challenges related to their genetic conditions/risk. Understanding emerging adults’ experiences can aid genetic counselors in addressing their specific concerns.
Association between the dimensions of the maxillary sinus membrane and molar periodontal status: A retrospective CBCT study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wei Yiping , Cao Jie , Xu Tao , Zhen Min , Yang Gang , Chung Kwok‐Hung , Hu Wenjie
Published: March 2020

Background

The information of the association between residual alveolar bone height and mucosal thickening is sparse. This study aimed to explore the effect of maxillary molar periodontal status on sinus mucosal thickening using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

One hundred ninety‐four CBCT images were evaluated for the following parameters: age, sex, alveolar bone loss, maximum mucosal thickness (maxMT), minimum residual alveolar bone height (minRABH), and vertical infrabony pockets. The presence of mucosal thickening (maxMT > 2 mm) of the maxillary sinus was recorded. The parameters that could influence the dimensions of the maxillary sinus membrane were assessed. The data were analyzed using logistic regression, and multivariate linear regression with the significant level at α = 0.05.

Results

Mucosal thickening was present in 32% of the analyzed CBCT images and increased in frequency as the periodontal status of the corresponding molar progressed from mild (2.6%) to moderate (14.9%) to severe (75.5%). Mucosal thickness was significantly increased in cases of moderate (odds ratio = 5.73, P < 0.05) and severe (odds ratio = 82.06, P < 0.001) alveolar bone loss. Multivariate linear regression revealed that alveolar bone loss and minRABH had a statistically significant influence on maxMT (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Alveolar bone loss and minRABH were significantly associated with mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus.
Adjunctive effects of laser therapy on somatosensory function and vasomotor regulation of periodontal tissues in patients with periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gou Huiqing , Fan Ruyi , Chen Xu , Li Lu , Wang Xiaoqian , Xu Yan , Svensson Peter , Wang Kelun
Published: March 2020

Background

The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the changes in periodontal somatosensory function and microcirculation in patients with periodontitis following initial treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without adjuvant laser therapy.

Methods

Twenty‐four patients suffering from periodontitis were recruited and randomly allocated into a split‐mouth design to either SRP combined laser therapy side (test side) or SRP only side (control side). All treatments were performed by the same investigator at a single visit. Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) were performed at baseline (W0), 1 week (1W), 2 weeks (2W), and 4 weeks (4W) after treatment on both sides of the attached gingiva of the maxillary lateral incisor. Clinical examination including probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) was performed at W0, 2W, and 4W on both sides. Data were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance.

Results

PD and BOP significantly improved after treatment (P <0.001). LDF values were significantly decreased on both sides at all follow‐up time points (P <0.001), temperature was increased only on the test side (P = 0.017) whereas there was no significant change on the control side (P = 0.792). Significantly less sensitivity was observed for all QST parameters (P <0.030) except for warmth detection after treatment.

Conclusion

Adjunctive use of laser therapy did not provide any significant clinical advantage or additional effects on the recovery of periodontal somatosensory function or gingival microcirculation in the present study.
Application of a handheld Raman spectrometer for the screening of colored secondary sulfates in abandoned mining areas—The case of the São Domingos Mine (Iberian Pyrite Belt)
Authors: Košek Filip , Culka Adam , Fornasini Laura , Vandenabeele Peter , Rousaki Anastasia , Mirao Jose , Bersani Danilo , Candeias António , Jehlička Jan
Published: March 2020

The São Domingos area (Corte do Pinto, Portugal) represents a large sulfide ore deposit in the Iberian Pyrite Belt that was mined primarily for copper and sulfur in the past. Currently, the deserted mine and mine wastes are the reason for the production of acid mining drainage releasing potentially harmful elements. Because metastable secondary sulfates may temporary sink toxic pollutants, the in situ monitoring of their distribution is required. In this work, we tested a handheld Raman spectrometer equipped with a 532 nm laser excitation for this task. Twelve selected samples of complex composition were analyzed directly in the field using the handheld Raman spectrometer. For comparison, the collected samples were additionally analyzed through laboratory‐based Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Based on the in situ measurements, rozenite, melanterite, coquimbite, jarosite, metavoltine, chalcanthite, bonattite, antlerite, halotrichite‐group minerals, gypsum, and sulfur were detected. The results show that handheld Raman spectrometer is comparable with other laboratory techniques and such handheld systems can be deployed successfully for monitoring of sulfate distribution directly on site.
Latent class analysis of obesity‐related characteristics and associations with body mass index among young children
Authors: Anderson Laura N. , Sandhu Ravinder , Keown‐Stoneman Charles D.G. , De Rubeis Vanessa , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Carsley Sarah , Maguire Jonathon L. , Birken Catherine S.
Published: March 2020

Objective

Identifying how obesity‐related characteristics cluster in populations is important to understand disease risk. Objectives of this study were to identify classes of children based on obesity‐related variables and to evaluate the associations between the identified classes and overweight and obesity.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among children 3–11 years of age (n = 5185) from the TARGet Kids! network (2008–2018). Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct classes of children based on 15 family, metabolic, health behaviours and school‐related variables. Associations between the identified latent classes and overweight and obesity were estimated using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Six classes were identified: Class 1: ‘Family and health risk behaviours’ (20%), Class 2: ‘Metabolic risk’ (7%), Class 3: ‘High risk’ (6%), Class 4: ‘High triglycerides’ (21%), Class 5: ‘Health risk behaviours and developmental concern’ (22%), and Class 6: ‘Healthy’ (24%). Children in Classes 1–5 had increased odds of both overweight and obesity compared with ‘Healthy’ class. Class 3 'High risk' was most strongly associated with child overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 3.2) and obesity (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7, 6.7).

Conclusions

Distinct classes of children identified based on obesity‐related characteristics were all associated with increased obesity; however, the magnitude of risk varied depending on number of at‐risk characteristics. Understanding the clustering of obesity characteristics in children may inform precision public health and population prevention interventions.
Effects of β2‐Adrenergic Agonists on Risk of Parkinson's Disease in COPD: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Chen Wenjia , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Tavakoli Hamid , Samii Ali , Etminan Mahyar
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Multiple studies have investigated the role of β2‐adrenoreceptor agonists on the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether β2‐agonist use is associated with the risk of PD in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been examined to date.

Objectives

To examine the association between use of β2‐agonist and the risk of PD in patients with COPD.

Methods

A case‐control study nested within a cohort of patients with COPD using the British Columbia health administrative databases from 1997 to 2015 was performed. Among a cohort of patients with COPD, all cases of PD were identified, and matched each case to up to five controls by age and calendar time. The use of β2‐agonists was assessed between the third and fourth year preceding the date of PD diagnosis, followed by additional two years of grace period (between the first and second year preceding PD incidence) to control for PD latency. The use of β2‐agonists was categorized into three levels: regular use (≥ 1 dispensation for every 6 months), irregular use (dispensation in one to three 6‐month periods), and no use. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the rate ratio of PD according to β2‐agonist use, rigorously controlling for confounding variables.

Results

Among 242,218 COPD patients, 732 PD cases and 3660 controls were identified. Use of β2‐agonists did not significantly affect the subsequent risk of PD (vs no use, adjusted rate ratios: regular use, 1.14 [95% CI: 0.93, 1.40, p=0.21], irregular use, 1.15 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.45, p=0.22]). Results remained consistent with competing risk sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

Use of β2‐agonists does not appear to affect the risk of PD in a real‐world COPD population.
Integrated Seed Proteome and Phosphoproteome Analyses Reveal Interplay of Nutrient Dynamics, Carbon–Nitrogen Partitioning, and Oxidative Signaling in Chickpea
Authors: Sinha Arunima , Haider Toshiba , Narula Kanika , Ghosh Sudip , Chakraborty Niranjan , Chakraborty Subhra
Published: March 2020

Nutrient dynamics in storage organs is a complex developmental process that requires coordinated interactions of environmental, biochemical, and genetic factors. Although sink organ developmental events have been identified, understanding of translational and post‐translational regulation of reserve synthesis, accumulation, and utilization in legumes is limited. To understand nutrient dynamics during embryonic and cotyledonary photoheterotrophic transition to mature and germinating autotrophic seeds, an integrated proteomics and phosphoproteomics study in six sequential seed developmental stages in chickpea is performed. MS/MS analyses identify 109 unique nutrient‐associated proteins (NAPs) involved in metabolism, storage and biogenesis, and protein turnover. Differences and similarities in 60 nutrient‐associated phosphoproteins (NAPPs) containing 93 phosphosites are compared with NAPs. Data reveal accumulation of carbon–nitrogen metabolic and photosynthetic proteoforms during seed filling. Furthermore, enrichment of storage proteoforms and protease inhibitors is associated with cell expansion and seed maturation. Finally, combined proteoforms network analysis identifies three significant modules, centered around malate dehydrogenase, HSP70, triose phosphate isomerase, and vicilin. Novel clues suggest that ubiquitin–proteasome pathway regulates nutrient reallocation. Second, increased abundance of NAPs/NAPPs related to oxidative and serine/threonine signaling indicates direct interface between redox sensing and signaling during seed development. Taken together, nutrient signals act as metabolic and differentiation determinant governing storage organ reprogramming.
Severe acute respiratory failure due to a multifactorial diffuse alveolar haemorrhage
Authors: Crisafulli Ernesto , Burgazzi Barbara , Majori Maria , Serra Walter , Chetta Alfredo
Published: March 2020

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a life‐threatening syndrome caused by infection, coagulation disorders or autoimmune diseases. We here report the case of an 81‐year‐old male subject affected by a multifactorial DAH, in which the bleeding was related to the administration of clopidogrel and warfarin, both implicated in the context of a polycythaemia. He developed a severe acute respiratory failure treated with a ventilatory support by means of a continuous positive airway pressure (C‐PAP) therapy. An improvement of patient's clinical conditions was observed only after clopidogrel and warfarin discontinuation.
Honeycomb lung‐like structures resulting from clustering of traction bronchiectasis distally in sarcoidosis
Authors: Sawahata Michiru , Shijubo Noriharu , Johkoh Takeshi , Hagiwara Koichi , Konno Satoshi , Yamaguchi Tetsuo
Published: March 2020

Gene expression profiles of patients with progressive sarcoidosis, most of whom had evidence of fibrosis on imaging, have been reported to be similar to those of patients with inflammatory hypersensitivity pneumonitis, while expression profiles in progressive sarcoidosis did not resemble those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, it is not known whether specific parenchymal features discerned on computed tomography (CT) imaging can predict development of fibrosis in pulmonary fibrosis. We herein describe a rare case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with honeycomb lung‐like structures developing as a result of concentration of traction bronchiectasis distally, predominantly in both lower lung fields, which developed through shrinkage of consolidations comprising a “central–peripheral band” detected in a woman in her 60s, with non‐caseating epithelioid granuloma. To our knowledge, this is the first case demonstrating the distinctive morphology and developmental process of honeycomb lung‐like structures in fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Cholecystectomy under thoracic epidural anaesthesia for patient with severe intra‐pulmonary shunt
Authors: Frankel Agustina , Ferris Rebekah , Hodgkinson Peter , Ellender Claire M.
Published: March 2020

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are common in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and can be associated with significant hypoxia and intra‐pulmonary shunt. We present a case of a young man with a known 57% calculated shunt requiring abdominal surgery and the multidisciplinary decisions required in the preoperative period to minimize post‐operative complications.
Diel patterns in spatial distribution of fish assemblages in lentic and lotic habitat in a regulated river
Authors: Wegscheider Bernhard , Linnansaari Tommi , Wall Craig C. , Gautreau Mark D. , Monk Wendy A. , Dolson‐Edge Rebecca , Samways Kurt M. , Curry R. Allen
Published: March 2020

Fish assemblages in large rivers are governed by spatio‐temporal changes in habitat conditions, which must be accounted for when designing effective monitoring programmes. Using boat electrofishing surveys, this study contrasts species richness, catch per unit effort (CPUE), total biomass, and spatial distribution of fish species in the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada, sampled during different diel periods (day and night) and macrohabitats (hydropower regulated river and its reservoir) in the vicinity of the Mactaquac (hydropower) Generating Station. Taxa richness, total CPUE, and total biomass were significantly higher during night surveys, resulting in marked differences in community composition between the two diel periods. Furthermore, the magnitude of diel differences in catch rate was more pronounced in lentic than in lotic macrohabitats. The required sampling effort (i.e., number of sites) to increase accuracy and precision of CPUE estimates varied widely between fish species, diel periods, and macrohabitats and ranged from 15 to 185 electrofishing sites. Determining a correction factor to contrast accuracy and precision of day‐ with night‐time surveys provide useful insights to improve the design of long‐term monitoring programmes for fish communities in large rivers. The study also shows the importance of multihabitat surveys to detect differences in the magnitude of diel changes in fish community metrics.
Aerogels from Native and Anionic Corn Starches Loaded with Pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia) Coat Extract: Anti‐Tumor Activity in C6 Rat Glioma Cells and In Vitro Digestibility
Authors: Fonseca Laura Martins , Silva Francine Tavares , Bona Natalia Pontes , Stefanello Francieli Moro , Borges Caroline Dellinghausen , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa
Published: March 2020

This study aims to produce aerogels with pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia) coat extract using native and anionic starches as carrier matrix and evaluate its effect on cell viability, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vitro digestibility using C6 rat glioma cells. The aerogels are prepared by the gelatinization of starch and several freeze/thaw cycles. The pinhão coat extract (PCE) is incorporated into the aerogels in concentrations of 5 and 10% (w/w) and evaluated for morphology. Glioma (C6) cells are exposed to free PCE at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 µg mL−1 and the aerogels at 300, 700, 1000, and 2000 µg mL−1 for 48 h and 72 h. Phenolic compounds are quantified during in vitro digestion simulation. The free PCE demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05). anti‐tumor effect at the tested concentrations and time treatments. The aerogels containing 10% PCE reduce cell viability at the highest concentrations (2000 µg mL−1) in 48 and 72 h. The aerogels release 37–96% of phenolic compounds during in vitro digestion. The native and anionic starch aerogels are a highly efficient matrix with potential application as phenolic compound carriers with anti‐tumor activity.
A case study on modularity violations in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Xiao Lu , Pennock Michael J. , Cardoso Joana L. F. P. , Wang Xiao
Published: March 2020

In recent years, cyber‐physical systems (CPS) have been widely used in different problem domains. The hardware and software components in a CPS are deeply intertwined at various levels of abstraction under changing contexts to achieve the desired goals. One way to manage this complexity is through the use of modular architecture that enables portions of a CPS to be upgraded, replaced, or fixed in a plug‐and‐play manner. In practice, nominally modular architectures depart from this ideal. Thus, there is a need to identify, measure, and understand the causes of these departures. Techniques have been developed to accomplish this for pure software systems, but can these techniques be adapted to infer hardware‐related modularity violations in a CPS? To investigate this question, we adapted methods from pure‐software systems and analyzed two open‐source CPS: OpenWrt and MD PnP. We found that the software architecture of these systems is well modularized. However, we were able to detect and measure modularity violations associated with hardware and other domain‐related concepts. Furthermore, software components related to hardware were more likely to change frequently compared to general software components. Together, these findings suggest that it is feasible to identify a subset of hardware‐driven modularity violations using techniques adapted from pure software systems.
Spin 2 fluctuations in 1/4 BPS AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Speziali Stefano
Published: March 2020

Abstract

In this paper we study spin 2 fluctuations around a warped AdS3 × S2 × T4 × $$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\rho } $$

I
ρ

background in type IIA supergravity with small $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) supersymmetry. We find a class of fluctuations, which will be called universal, that is independent of the background data and corresponds to operators with scaling dimension Δ = 2l + 2, being l the angular-momentum-quantum-number on the S2 which realises the SU(2)R symmetry. We compute the central charge for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) two-dimensional superconformal theories from the action of the spin 2 fluctuations.
A randomized study comparing docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TC), 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (FEC) followed by TC, and TC followed by FEC for patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative primary breast cancer
Authors: Ishiguro Hiroshi , Masuda Norikazu , Sato Nobuaki , Higaki Kenji , Morimoto Takashi , Yanagita Yasuhiro , Mizutani Makiko , Ohtani Shoichiro , Kaneko Koji , Fujisawa Tomomi , Takahashi Masato , Kadoya Takayuki , Matsunami Nobuki , Yamamoto Yutaka , Ohno Shinji , Takano Toshimi , Morita Satoshi , Tanaka-Mizuno Sachiko , Toi Masakazu
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Our primary objective was to determine the benefit/risk of anthracycline-free regimens by comparing docetaxel + cyclophosphamide (TC) alone, fluorouracil + epirubicin + cyclophosphamide (FEC) followed by TC, or TC followed by FEC as a primary treatment for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative BC.

Methods

We randomized patients with stage I–III HR-positive HER2-negative, operable BC to receive either six cycles of TC (TC6), three cycles of FEC followed by three cycles of TC (FEC-TC), or three cycles of TC followed by three cycles of FEC (TC-FEC). The primary endpoint was the pathological response. Secondary endpoints included clinical response, type of surgical procedure, recurrence, death, and adverse events (by NCI-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.3.0). We conducted all statistical analyses using SAS Version 9.2.

Results

We enrolled 195 patients and analyzed data from 193 as the intention-to-treat population. Pathological complete response rates were numerically higher in the TC6 group than in the other groups (p = 0.321). The breast conservation rate was significantly higher in the TC6 group (73%) than in the other groups (FEC-TC 51%, TC-FEC 45%, p = 0.007). Adverse events with grade > 3 were not common in the treatment groups (p = 0.569). The overall and distant disease-free survivals were similar among the groups with median follow-up of 5.80 years.

Conclusions

Despite similar long-term efficacy and safety profile, the higher breast conservation rate in the TC6 group suggests that preoperative chemotherapy without an anthracycline may benefit patients with HR-positive HER2-negative BC.

Trial registration

UMIN000003283 https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000003873.
Rethinking Cultural Appropriation in YA Literature Through Sámi and Arctic Pedagogies
Authors: Manderstedt Lena , Palo Annbritt , Kokkola Lydia
Published: March 2020

This article highlights cultural appropriation in the literary representation of the Sámi (the indigenous people of the European Arctic) in two Swedish YA series: theSopperoquartet by the Sámi author Ann-Helén Laestadius, and theIdijärvitrilogy by Charlotte Cederlund, a non-Sámi writer. Despite their different origins, the series are more similar than different in their portrayal of most aspects of Sámi-Swedish relations. The discussion of cultural appropriations in the production and marketing of the series is contextualized within broader concerns, especially in relation to Sámi and Arctic pedagogies. We begin by noting that both protagonists are initially marginalized in both the Swedish and the Sámi contexts, but their ways of gaining agency are markedly different. Connecting these points to the authors’ ethnic affiliation does not produce useful knowledge or knowledge that can be shared, two hallmarks of Sámi and Arctic pedagogies. We argue that Sámi and Arctic pedagogies provide more relevant tools for discussing cultural appropriation in relation to literature from the region than the currently dominant models derived from Anglophone contexts. Through our pedagogically inspired analyses of voice and agency in the two series, we endeavour to create a Nordic ethics of appropriation.
Population genetics of the wolverine in Finland: the road to recovery?
Authors: Lansink Gerhardus M. J. , Esparza-Salas Rodrigo , Joensuu Maija , Koskela Anni , Bujnáková Dominika , Kleven Oddmund , Flagstad Øystein , Ollila Tuomo , Kojola Ilpo , Aspi Jouni , Kvist Laura
Published: March 2020

After decades, even centuries of persecution, large carnivore populations are widely recovering in Europe. Considering the recent recovery of the wolverine (Gulo gulo) in Finland, our aim was to evaluate genetic variation using 14 microsatellites and mtDNA control region (579 bp) in order (1) to determine whether the species is represented by a single genetic population within Finland, (2) to quantify the genetic diversity, and (3) to estimate the effective population size. We found two major genetic clusters divided between eastern and northern Finland based on microsatellites (FST= 0.100) but also a significant pattern of isolation by distance. Wolverines in western Finland had a genetic signature similar to the northern cluster, which can be explained by former translocations of wolverines from northern to western Finland. For both main clusters, most estimates of the effective population sizeNewere below 50. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity was higher in the eastern cluster (HE= 0.57,AR= 4.0,AP= 0.3) than in the northern cluster (HE= 0.49,AR= 3.7,AP= 0.1). Migration between the clusters was low. Two mtDNA haplotypes were found: one common and identical to Scandinavian wolverines; the other rare and not previously detected. The rare haplotype was more prominent in the eastern genetic cluster. Combining all available data, we infer that the genetic population structure within Finland is shaped by a recent bottleneck, isolation by distance, human-aided translocations and postglacial recolonization routes.
Task-Independent Spiking Central Pattern Generator: A Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Aljalbout Elie , Walter Florian , Röhrbein Florian , Knoll Alois
Published: March 2020

Legged locomotion is a challenging task in the field of robotics but a rather simple one in nature. This motivates the use of biological methodologies as solutions to this problem. Central pattern generators are neural networks that are thought to be responsible for locomotion in humans and some animal species. As for robotics, many attempts were made to reproduce such systems and use them for a similar goal. One interesting design model is based on spiking neural networks. This model is the main focus of this work, as its contribution is not limited to engineering but also applicable to neuroscience. This paper introduces a new general framework for building central pattern generators that are task-independent, biologically plausible, and rely on learning methods. The abilities and properties of the presented approach are not only evaluated in simulation but also in a robotic experiment. The results are very promising as the used robot was able to perform stable walking at different speeds and to change speed within the same gait cycle.
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Iridium-Modified Nickel Foam Surfaces
Authors: Luba Mateusz , Mikolajczyk Tomasz , Pierozynski Boguslaw
Published: March 2020

This work reports on cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), studied on Ir-activated nickel foam materials, prepared through spontaneous and electrodeposition methods (examined in 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte). Both Ir modifications of Ni foam caused substantial improvement of the HER kinetics, as compared with those recorded for as-received and surface-activated nickel foam materials. Electrochemical examinations were conducted through AC impedance spectroscopy and quasi-steady-state cathodic polarization experiments. Significance of catalytic nature of Ir deposit and employed deposition methodology on the HER behavior of such-obtained Ni foam/Ir composites were discussed in detail by means of SEM/EDX spectroscopy analysis.
Predictive factors for tumour response after the neoadjuvant-treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: De la Pinta Carolina , Martín Margarita , Hervás Asunción , Perna Luis Cristian , Fernández-Lizarbe Eva , López Fernando , Duque Víctor Jose , Sancho Sonsoles
Published: March 2020

Purpose Standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. This study identified predictive factors for tumour response in our series.

Patients and methods Between January 2005 and December 2018, 292 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemo-radiation before surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The radiation dose was 50.4 Gy with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens. Patients-tumour and treatment-factors were tested for influence on tumour down staging and regression grade using Mandard scoring system on surgical specimens (TRG).

Results Median age was 69 years (range 39–87); 33.9% of patients was Stage II and 54.5% Stage IIIB. Tumour down staging occurred in 211 patients (73%), including 63 patients (21.6%) with ypT0 (documented T0 at surgery) and 148 patients (50.7%) with a satisfactory tumour regression grade defined as TRG2–3. Upper rectal tumours were identified to predictive factors for pathologic complete response by univariate analysis (p = 0.002). TRG1–3 was associated with intervals from chemo-radiation to surgery (p = 0.004); TRG1–3 rates were higher with longer intervals: 1.71% in ≤ 5 weeks, 23.63% in 6–8 weeks and 46.9% in ≥ 9 weeks; and PTV 50.4 ≥ 800cc (p = 0.06); 3 and 5 years survivals were 85% and 90% for the group as a whole. Among ypT0 cases, the overall survival was 91.1% without significantly different (p = 0.25) compared with the remaining group, 87.2%. Among ypT0 cases, the relapse-free survival was 94.5%, with significantly different (p = 0.03) compared with the remaining group 78.2%. There were no treatment-associated fatalities. Thirty-two patients (10.96%) experienced Grade III/IV toxicities (proctitis, ephitelitis and neutropenia).

Conclusions Tumour localization was identified as predictive factors of pathologic complete response for locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemo-radiation. Upper rectal tumours are more likely to develop complete responses. Delay in surgery was identified as a favorable predictive factor for TRG1–3. The relapse-free survival in pathologic complete response group was higher compared with non-pathologic complete response.
Treatment of Low Sexual Desire or Frequency Using a Sexual Enhancement Group Couples Therapy Approach
Authors: Kleinplatz Peggy J. , Charest Maxime , Paradis Nicolas , Ellis Myddryn , Rosen Lianne , Ménard A. Dana , Ramsay Timothy O.
Published: March 2020

Background

Sexual desire or frequency problems are exceedingly common, but treatment of them has been less than effective.

Aim

The goal of this study was to develop a cost-effective, accessible intervention to deal with sexual desire or frequency problems, including sexual desire discrepancy, by enhancing the quality of couples’ erotic intimacy.

Methods

45 couples (38 heterosexual and 7 same-sex couples) distressed by sexual desire or frequency problems were seen in a 16-hour, group couples therapy intervention. Participants completed the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS) at pretest, posttest, and at 6-month follow-up.

Outcomes

The NSSS plus 3 additional items at pretest, posttest, and at 6-month follow-up and patients’ written feedback.

Results

Statistically significant differences were found between pre-tests and post-tests in satisfaction with intensity of sexual arousal; creativity; frequency; sexual functioning; partner's sexual availability; partner's initiation of sexual activity; emotional opening up during sex; positive sexual reactions to the partner; communication of sexual wishes, preferences and desires; and balance between giving and receiving during sex. The largest improvement and effect sizes were found in overall satisfaction with one's sex life from pre-test to post-test and 6-month follow-up.

Clinical Implications

Low sexual desire or frequency problems can be treated effectively by enhancing the quality of the couple's erotic connection, thereby creating desirable sex.

Strengths & Limitations

The strengths include the combination of quantitative and qualitative data. Limitations included the small number of same-sex couples.

Conclusion

Sexual enhancement group couples therapy provides an effective, accessible, and affordable approach to low desire or frequency complaints in distressed couples.