bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application Of H2/H∞ Technique To Aircraft Landing Control
Authors: Lungu Mihai , Lungu Romulus
Published: March 2015

The paper describes the automatic control of an aircraft in the longitudinal plane during landing, taking into account sensor errors and disturbances. Aircraft auto‐landing is achieved by combining H2 and H∞ control techniques, thereby obtaining a robust H2/H∞ controller. It provides good precision tracking and robust stability with respect to the uncertainties caused by different disturbances and noise‐type signals. The weights of the H2 and H∞ control techniques within the robust H2/H∞ controller are adjusted so that the aircraft accurately tracks the desired trajectory during the two main stages of the landing process. The theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations for the landing of a Boeing; the results are very good (Federal Aviation Administration accuracy requirements for Category III are met) and prove the robustness of the new auto‐landing system even in the presence of disturbances and sensor errors.
Sustainability of forest bioenergy feedstock supply chains: Local, national and international policy perspectives
Authors: Thiffault Evelyne , Endres Jody , McCubbins James SN , Junginger Martin , Lorente Miren , Fritsche Uwe
Published: March 2015

In 2009, the European Union (EU) Renewable Energy Directive (RED) mandated that 20% of the EU’s final energy consumption consist of renewable sources by 2020, and included sustainability criteria for liquid biofuels. Discussions around extending criteria to solid and gaseous biomass, including wood pellets, have been ongoing. Continued investment in forest bioenergy feedstock production is partly dependent on the stability of global market demand and the economic viability of feedstock production and trade. For trans‐boundary governance mechanisms such as the RED to be efficient, a proper assessment of the specific forest and land policy contexts of wood pellet exporters that the mechanism will affect, such as Canada, the USA, and Russia, is crucial. This paper builds on sustainability criteria for biodiversity protection and assurance of sustainable forest management (SFM) for woody biomass that are currently under discussion for inclusion in the RED and compares them with national and local regulations of those three countries. This illustrates potential challenges in the establishment of sustainability criteria related to: differences in land definitions, delineation and reporting systems; lack of a uniform definitional paradigm for SFM; and difficulties in establishing efficient monitoring/auditing systems. Regulators wanting to implement supra‐national sustainability schemes such as the EU RED need to be aware of challenges that such schemes carry and make efforts to reduce or eliminate pitfalls. There is also a need to assess the aggregated effects of these various tools, and a need for communication, collaboration and outreach among stakeholders. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Cystic fibrosis: A look into the future of prenatal screening and therapy
Authors: Nishida Kevin , Smith Zachary , Rana Dane , Palmer Jereme , Gallicano G. Ian
Published: March 2015

Despite recent guidelines suggesting prenatal screening for carriers of cystic fibrosis (CF) mutations, many physicians do not offer patients this service or even counseling. Some argue that the risks of miscarriage associated with prenatal diagnostic techniques outweigh the benefit of added insight, but with the advent of newer, noninvasive techniques, risks of miscarriage may be significantly lowered. Prenatal diagnosis provides parents the time to prepare for raising a child with CF, and soon, could provide treatment options in utero that could improve quality of life. Here, we describe two of the most promising gene therapy approaches: lentivirus and adenoassociated virus (AAV)‐mediated gene transduction. Thus, prenatal detection and treatment is in a most crucial stage for care of patients with CF. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 105:73–80, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Cycloisomerization of 2‐Ethynylbiaryls Catalyzed by Dicationic Arene Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Matsui Kazuma , Shibuya Masatoshi
Published: March 2015

Ruthenium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 2‐ethynylbiaryls was investigated to identify an optimal ruthenium catalyst system. A combination of [η6‐(p‐cymene)RuCl2(PR3)] and two equivalents of AgPF6 effectively converted 2‐ethynylbiphenyls into phenanthrenes in chlorobenzene at 120 °C over 20 h. Moreover, 2‐ethynylheterobiaryls were found to be favorable substrates for this ruthenium catalysis, thus achieving the cycloisomerization of previously unused heterocyclic substrates. Moreover, several control experiments and DFT calculations of model complexes were performed to propose a plausible reaction mechanism.
Dinuclear Face‐Sharing Bi‐octahedral Tungsten(VI) Core and Unusual Thermal Behavior in Complex Th Tungstates
Authors: Xiao Bin , Gesing Thorsten M. , Robben Lars , Bosbach Dirk , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: March 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Evgeny V. Alekseev at the Forchungszentrum Jülich and Thorstem M. Gesing at the University of Bremen. The image depicts the complex thorium tungstate polyanions, having a six‐leafed lily cross‐section, containing a rare confacial [W2O9]6− bioctahedral core. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201500500.
Medical interventions associated with HBV reactivation: Common and less common
Authors: Reynolds Justin A. , Manch Richard A. , Gish Robert G.
Published: March 2015

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Indolo[3,2‐c]quinoline G‐Quadruplex Stabilizers: a Structural Analysis of Binding to the Human Telomeric G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Lavrado João , Ohnmacht Stephan A. , Correia Isabel , Leitão Clara , Pisco Sílvia , Gunaratnam Mekala , Moreira Rui , Neidle Stephen , Santos Daniel J. V. A. dos , Paulo Alexandra
Published: March 2015

A library of 5‐methylindolo[3,2‐c]quinolones (IQc) with various substitution patterns of alkyldiamine side chains were evaluated for G‐quadruplex (G4) binding mode and efficiency. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer melting assays showed that IQcs with a positive charge in the heteroaromatic nucleus and two weakly basic side chains are potent and selective human telomeric (HT) and gene promoter G4 stabilizers. Spectroscopic studies with HT G4 as a model showed that an IQc stabilizing complex involves the binding of two IQc molecules (2,9‐bis{[3‐(diethylamino)propyl]amino}‐5‐methyl‐11H‐indolo[3,2‐c]quinolin‐5‐ium chloride, 3 d) per G4 unit, in two non‐independent but equivalent binding sites. Molecular dynamics studies suggest that end‐stacking of 3 d induces a conformational rearrangement in the G4 structure, driving the binding of a second 3 d ligand to a G4 groove. Modeling studies also suggest that 3 d, with two three‐carbon side chains, has the appropriate geometry to participate in direct or water‐mediated hydrogen bonding to the phosphate backbone and/or G4 loops, assisted by the terminal nitrogen atoms of the side chains. Additionally, antiproliferative studies showed that IQc compounds 2 d (2‐{[3‐(diethylamino)propyl]amino}‐5‐methyl‐11H‐indolo[3,2‐c]quinolin‐5‐ium chloride) and 3 d are 7‐ to 12‐fold more selective for human malignant cell lines than for nonmalignant fibroblasts.
Parameterization of the Hamiltonian Dielectric Solvent (HADES) Reaction‐Field Method for the Solvation Free Energies of Amino Acid Side‐Chain Analogs
Authors: Zachmann Martin , Mathias Gerald , Antes Iris
Published: March 2015

Optimization of the Hamiltonian dielectric solvent (HADES) method for biomolecular simulations in a dielectric continuum is presented with the goal of calculating accurate absolute solvation free energies while retaining the model’s accuracy in predicting conformational free‐energy differences. The solvation free energies of neutral and polar amino acid side‐chain analogs calculated by using HADES, which may optionally include nonpolar contributions, were optimized against experimental data to reach a chemical accuracy of about 0.5 kcal mol−1. The new parameters were evaluated for charged side‐chain analogs. The HADES results were compared with explicit‐solvent, generalized Born, Poisson–Boltzmann, and QM‐based methods. The potentials of mean force (PMFs) between pairs of side‐chain analogs obtained by using HADES and explicit‐solvent simulations were used to evaluate the effects of the improved parameters optimized for solvation free energies on intermolecular potentials.
Conversion of Hemicellulose Sugars Catalyzed by Formic Acid: Kinetics of the Dehydration of D‐Xylose, L‐Arabinose, and D‐Glucose
Authors: Dussan Karla , Girisuta Buana , Lopes Marystela , Leahy James J. , Hayes Michael H. B.
Published: March 2015

The pre‐treatment of lignocellulosic biomass produces a liquid stream of hemicellulose‐based sugars, which can be further converted to high‐value chemicals. Formosolv pulping and the Milox process use formic acid as the fractionating agent, which can be used as the catalyst for the valorisation of hemicellulose sugars to platform chemicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the reaction kinetics of major components in the hemicelluloses fraction of biomass, that is, D‐xylose, L‐arabinose and D‐glucose. The kinetics experiments for each sugar were performed at temperatures between 130 and 170 °C in various formic acid concentrations (10–64 wt %). The implications of these kinetic models on the selectivity of each sugar to the desired products are discussed. The models were used to predict the reaction kinetics of solutions that resemble the liquid stream obtained from the fractionation process of biomass using formic acid.
Hierarchical Zeolites and their Catalytic Performance in Selective Oxidative Processes
Authors: Ojeda Manuel , Grau‐Atienza Aida , Campos Rafael , Romero Antonio A. , Serrano Elena , Maria Marinas Jose , García Martínez Javier , Luque Rafael
Published: March 2015

Hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites prepared using a simple alkali treatment and subsequent HCl washing are found to exhibit unprecedented catalytic activities in selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol under microwave irradiation. The metal‐free zeolites promote the microwave‐assisted oxidation of benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide in yields ranging from 45–35 % after 5 min of reaction under mild reaction conditions as well as the epoxidation of cyclohexene to valuable products (40–60 % conversion). The hierarchically porous systems also exhibited an interesting catalytic activity in the dehydration of N,N‐dimethylformamide (25–30 % conversion), representing the first example of transition‐metal free catalysts in this reaction.
A Semi‐Interpenetrating Network Approach for Dimensionally Stabilizing Highly‐Charged Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: He Steve S. , Strickler Alaina L. , Frank Curtis W.
Published: March 2015

There is a delicate balance between ion exchange capacity (IEC), conductivity, and dimensional stability in anion exchange membranes as higher charge content can lead to increased water uptake, causing excessive swelling and charge dilution. Using highly‐charged benzyltrimethylammonium polysulfone (IEC=2.99 mEq g−1) as a benchmark (which ruptured in water even at room temperature), we report the ability to dramatically decrease water uptake using a semi‐interpenetrating network wherein we reinforced the linear polyelectrolyte with a crosslinked poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) network. These membranes show enhanced dimensional stability as a result of lower water uptake (75 % vs. 301 % at 25 °C) while maintaining excellent hydroxide conductivity (up to 50 mS cm−1 at 25 °C). These improvements produced an enhanced alkaline fuel cell capable of generating 236 mW cm−2 peak power density at 80 °C. This method is easily adaptable and can be a viable strategy for stabilizing existing systems.
Determining the authenticity of athlete urine in doping control by DNA analysis
Authors: Devesse Laurence , Syndercombe Court Denise , Cowan David
Published: March 2015

The integrity of urine samples collected from athletes for doping control is essential. The authenticity of samples may be contested, leading to the need for a robust sample identification method. DNA typing using short tandem repeats (STR) can be used for identification purposes, but its application to cellular DNA in urine has so far been limited. Here, a reliable and accurate method is reported for the successful identification of urine samples, using reduced final extraction volumes and the STR multiplex kit, Promega® PowerPlex ESI 17, with capillary electrophoretic characterisation of the alleles. Full DNA profiles were obtained for all samples (n = 20) stored for less than 2 days at 4 °C. The effect of different storage conditions on yield of cellular DNA and probability of obtaining a full profile were also investigated. Storage for 21 days at 4 °C resulted in allelic drop‐out in some samples, but the random match probabilities obtained demonstrate the high power of discrimination achieved through targeting a large number of STRs. The best solution for long‐term storage was centrifugation and removal of supernatant prior to freezing at ‐20 °C. The method is robust enough for incorporation into current anti‐doping protocols, and was successfully applied to 44 athlete samples for anti‐doping testing with 100% concordant typing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of pine wilt disease invasion on soil properties and Masson pine forest communities in the Three Gorges reservoir region, China
Authors: Gao Ruihe , Shi Juan , Huang Ruifen , Wang Zhuang , Luo Youqing
Published: March 2015

Pine wilt disease (PWD) has caused significant Masson pine mortality in the Three Gorges reservoir region in central China. In this study, five uniform Masson pine stand types infected byPWDwere selected and surveyed on slopes and aspects with similar environmental conditions. In sites that had been infected, soil bulk density was reduced, and the difference among the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) at the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers, but not at 20–40 cm. Other soil water‐related physical properties, excluding noncapillary porosity, significantly differed among the groups in all soil layers. Additionally, the values of available phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were higher in the invaded stands, but the total nitrogen and organic matter contents were lower. Masson pine does not become reestablished followingPWD‐induced mortality but is instead replaced by broad‐leaved tree species. Among the 19 examined environmental variables, five were found to be significantly related with the ordination of plant community structure: Masson pine stumps (MPS), K+, capillary water holding capacity (CWHC), capillary porosity (CP), and soil water content (SWC). Among these factors, the plant community structure was principally related toMPSand K+. The findings of this study show that the outbreak ofPWDhas impacted Masson pine forest soil properties and altered forest community composition. The disease is negatively related with the presence of Masson pine and positively associated with that of broad‐leaved tree species.
1H‐NMR and isotopic fingerprinting of olive oil and its unsaponifiable fraction: Geographical origin of virgin olive oils by pattern recognition
Authors: Alonso‐Salces Rosa M. , Segebarth Nicolas , Garmón‐Lobato Sergio , Holland Margaret V. , Moreno‐Rojas Jose M. , Fernández‐Pierna Juan A. , Baeten Vincent , Fuselli Sandra R. , Gallo Blanca , Berrueta Luis Angel , Reniero Fabiano , Guillou Claude , Héberger Károly
Published: March 2015

1H‐NMR spectral data and H and C isotope abundances of virgin olive oils (VOOs) and their unsaponifiable fractions were analyzed by pattern recognition techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial‐least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The aim was to develop chemical tools for the authentication of VOOs according to their geographical origin or protected designation of origin (PDO), as well as to detect the mislabeling of the provenance of VOOs, at the regional or national level, or the mislabeling of non‐PDO oils as PDO VOOs. The relationship between stable isotope abundances of the VOOs and their unsaponifiable fractions and the latitude of the VOO geographical origin was confirmed, but these criteria were not completely discriminant to differentiate VOOs according to their geographical origin. However, δ2H and/or δ13C data provided complementary geographical information to 1H‐NMR data in the PLS‐DA binary classification models afforded for VOOs from Greece, Spain, Italy, Izmir (Turkey), Crete (Greece), and the PDOs Riviera Ligure (Italy) and Huile d'olive d'Aix−en−Provence (France). 2H/1H and 13C/12C ratios of the unsaponifiable fractions of VOOs are reported here for the first time. The present approach for PDO Riviera Ligure VOOs, based on 1H‐NMR data and C isotope abundance of the bulk oil and its unsaponifiable fraction, outperformed the previously reported classification models. Moreover, the PLS‐DA models to authenticate VOOs from Greece and detect non‐Greek VOOs achieved over 93% of correct predictions.

Practical applications: The research can be applied in the protection of consumers and honest producers and retailers, and provides potential tools for antifraud authorities and regulatory bodies, which face the challenge of detecting fraudulent practices that do not comply with EU regulations in the trade of VOOs, such as the mislabeling of VOOs produced in a certain geographical origin [Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) no 29/2012 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) no 1335/2013] and/or under specific EU quality schemes, named PDO or PGI [Council Regulation (EC) no 510/2006].

1H‐NMR spectral data and H and C isotope abundances of virgin olive oils (VOOs) and their unsaponifiable fractions were analyzed by pattern recognition techniques, in order to develop chemical tools for the authentication of VOOs according to their geographical origin or protected designation of origin (PDO), as well as to detect the mislabeling of the provenance of VOOs, at the regional or national level, or the mislabeling of non‐PDO oils as PDO VOOs.
Lecithin and parabens play a crucial role in tripalmitin‐based lipid nanoparticle stabilization throughout moist heat sterilization and freeze‐drying
Authors: Mancini Guiliana , Lopes Rui M. , Clemente Pierpaolo , Raposo Sara , Gonçalves Lídia M. D. , Bica António , Ribeiro Helena M. , Almeida António J.
Published: March 2015

The administration of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) by different routes involves technological challenges, particularly those associated with sterilization and stability. Publications suggest that the stability of LNP formulations throughout the harsh production conditions involved in pharmaceutical procedures is highly dependent on the type of surfactant used. Therefore, the capacity of tripalmitin‐based LNP to withstand moist heat sterilization and freeze‐drying has been evaluated using poly (vinyl alcohol), soya lecithin, polysorbate 20, and sodium deoxycholate as emulsion stabilizers. For comparison purposes, a formulation containing diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Transcutol® CG) was also studied. Formulations were submitted to autoclaving (at 105 or 121°C), fractional sterilization (80 or 60°C/30 min/3 days), freeze‐drying, and stored at 5 ± 3°C for 6 months. Physical stability was evaluated using relevant parameters such as particle size, polydispersion index (PI), and ζ potential. Thermal analysis and dynamic light‐scattering studies were performed and the effect of parabens was also investigated to assess its influence on physical stability. The type of emulsifier plays a crucial role in the physical stability of LNP exposed to moist‐heat sterilization and freeze‐drying, but the inclusion of a liquid lipid had a clear stabilizing effect. Stability also improved after the addition of parabens, especially the formulation containing lecithin.

Practical applications: The physical stability of LNP throughout relevant harsh processes, such as moist heat sterilization and freeze‐drying, is still an issue that needs further technological studying. Nevertheless, this work demonstrates that suitable and stable LNP may be prepared and exposed to moist heat sterilization and freeze‐drying, depending on the type of emulsifier. The use of a liquid lipid contributed to the stabilization of tripalmitin‐based LNP. Finally, formulations prepared with parabens present during emulsification were more stable than those supplemented with preservatives after preparation.

The physical stability of tripalmitin lipid nanoparticles throughout pharmaceutically relevant manufacturing processes, such as moist heat sterilization and freeze‐drying was addressed. Stability depends on the presence of important components such as liquid lipids and on the type of emulsifier used. Lecithin and parabens play a crucial role in LNP stabilization throughout moist heat sterilization and freeze‐drying.
Acceleration of polymorphic transition of cocoa butter and cocoa butter equivalent by addition of d‐limonene
Authors: Miyasaki Eriksen Koji , Santos Camilia Aoyagui dos , Vieira Luana Reis , Ming Chiu Chih , Calligaris Guilherme A. , Cardoso Lisandro Pavie , Gonçalves Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo
Published: March 2015

The essential oils obtained from citric fruits have been used as aromatizing agents in various foods. However, the addition of orange essential oil, d‐limonene, to cocoa butter (CB) has been shown to have an influence on its crystallization behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding d‐limonene at concentrations of 1.5 and 5% w/w on the polymorphic transitions in Brazilian CB and in a commercial cocoa butter equivalent (CBE). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the polymorphic forms in the samples over 27 days of storage at 25°C. The results showed that d‐limonene addition was able to accelerate the polymorphic transition in CB and CBE. The addition of 5% w/w d‐limonene to Brazilian CB accelerated the complete transition from βV to the more stable βVI polymorphic form in only 11 days. Under the same conditions, pure CB remained in βV form and the transition was not completed in CBE samples. The polymorphic transition of CBE samples appeared to be governed by the characteristics of the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile and only intensified with d‐limonene incorporation.

Practical applications: d‐Limonene is an essential oil that has been used industrially to give orange flavor in chocolate products. Our results showed that d‐limonene addition to CB and CBE accelerates the polymorphic transition from polymorphic form V to VI in a short period. As the polymorphic form VI is more stable than form V, the addition of d‐limonene to chocolates and the like allows them to keep their melting properties and sensorial quality for long storage periods.

Changes of d‐spacing values and Powder X‐ray diffraction patterns of Brazilian cocoa butter and cocoa butter equivalent samples containing 5% d‐limonene stored for 27 days (4 [d4], 11 [d11], 27 [d27] days) at 25°C.
Good practices of harvest and processing provide high quality Macauba pulp oil
Authors: Nunes Angela A. , Favaro Simone P. , Galvani Fabio , Miranda Cesar H. B.
Published: March 2015

Macauba or macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) has great potential for oil production in tropical American biomes. This work aimed to describe a full set of procedures to obtain high quality crude and refined pulp oil. Crude oil was extracted by forced pressing of dried, mechanically pulped fruits that were collected directly from the bunch at ripening stage. The preliminary refining process sequentially encompassed degumming, neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. Identity and quality parameters (fatty acid composition, peroxide value, molar absorptivity at 232 and 270 nm, moisture, refractive index, saponification index, unsaponifiable matter, color, total carotenoids, and solid fat content) were determined in all steps. Crude and refined oils presented about 64% of monounsaturated acids (oleic acid) and 26% saturated acids (mostly palmitic acid). Oil composition and physicochemical characteristics were maintained after refining, rendering high quality oil, suitable for multipurpose employments, such as food processing and biodiesel production.

Practical applications: Macauba palm is a widespread and high‐yield oil bearing fruit from tropical America that is being domesticated in Brazil. A whole processing of the pulp oil, including fruits from harvest and postharvest, was developed at lab scale to render suitable oil for food and biofuels usages. Going forward, the procedures could be scaled up and the cost effectiveness must be evaluated. The rendered crude and refined oils showed low acidity implying that the synthesis of biodiesel by the traditional and most used alkaline transesterification route is suitable for this raw material. Macauba pulp oil features a high amount of oleic acid, which is a desirable characteristic for the food and biofuel sectors because of the stability against oxidation provided by the monounsaturated fatty acids. The composition of fatty acids, potentially allows the generation of two fractions, olein and stearin, which broads its usages.

Good practices of harvesting, processing fruits, and refining, resulted in high oleic quality macauba pulp oil that complies with most standard requirements for crude and refined edible oils.
A linker approach to phospholipopeptides
Authors: Li Bonan , Liang Jun F.
Published: March 2015

Peptides and phospholipids are important macromolecules in both the chemistry and biology fields, but phospholipopeptides are barely found in nature and have not been studied. Here, we report a novel and efficient approach to the synthesis of phospholipidpeptides. By utilizing cross‐linkers, phospholipopeptides from peptides with varied sequences and lengths were produced from phosphatidylethanolamine at high (>90%) yield, mild conditions and good applied scopes for multiple substrates. Synthetic phospholipopeptides containing bioactive peptide sequences may serve as therapeutics for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Practical applications: Phospholipopeptides are prone to hydrolysis by the endogenous phospholipase activity in cells. Synthetic phospholipopeptides containing a bioactive peptide sequences may serve as therapeutics for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Cysteine‐containing peptides of varied sequences and lengths were linked to the heads of phosphatidylethanolamine through the amino group to form phospholipopeptides.
GplusE: beyond genomic selection
Authors: Mackay Ian , Ober Eric , Hickey John
Published: March 2015

GplusE is a strategy for genomic selection in which the accuracy of assessment in the reference population for a primary trait such as yield is increased by the incorporation of data from high‐ throughput field phenotyping platforms. This increase in precision comes from both exploiting genetic relationships between traits and reducing the effect of environmental influences upon them. We describe a collaborative project among researchers and breeders to develop a large reference population of elite UK wheat lines. This will be used to test the method, to study the design of the reference population, and to test genotyping strategies and imputation methods. Finally, it will provide data to pump‐prime the application of genomic selection to UK winter wheat breeding.
Measuring Disagreement in Qualitative Expectations
Authors: Mokinski Frieder , Sheng Xuguang (Simon) , Yang Jingyun
Published: March 2015

We assess how well measures of disagreement in qualitative survey expectations reflect disagreement in corresponding quantitative expectations. We consider a variety of measures, belonging to two categories: measures of dispersion in nominal and ordinal variables and measures based on the probability approach of Carlson and Parkin (Economica, 1975; 42, 123–138). Using data from two household surveys that collect both qualitative and quantitative inflation expectations, we find that the probability approaches with time‐varying categorization thresholds and either a piecewise uniform or t distribution perform best and the resulting disagreement estimates are highly correlated with the benchmark. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pentoxifylline‐tocopherol‐clodronate combination: A novel treatment for osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone
Authors: Glicksman Jordan T. , Khalili Sammy , Fung Kevin , Parnes Lorne S. , Agrawal Sumit K.
Published: March 2015

Background

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the temporal bone is a complication of radiation therapy that is extremely challenging to manage.

Methods

We report the case of a patient treated at our institution and present a review of the literature.

Results

A 52‐year‐old woman presented with ORN of the temporal bone 20 years after radiation therapy for an ipsilateral parotid tumor. She failed conservative management, including serial debridements, oral and topical antibiotics/antifungals, and aural lavage. As an alternative to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and/or temporal bone resection, treatment with pentoxifylline‐tocopherol‐clodronate combination (PENTOCLO) was pursued and her condition improved dramatically.

Conclusion

This is the first document use of PENTOCLO to treat ORN of the temporal bone. PENTOCLO may represent an effective nonsurgical management option for ORN of the temporal bone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E191–E193, 2015
An interchangeable role for kainate and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the induction of rat hippocampal mossy fiber long‐term potentiation in vivo
Authors: Wallis James L. , Irvine Mark W. , Jane David E. , Lodge David , Collingridge Graham L. , Bortolotto Zuner A.
Published: March 2015

The roles of both kainate receptors (KARs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in mossy fiber long‐term potentiation (MF‐LTP) have been extensively studied in hippocampal brain slices, but the findings are controversial. In this study, we have addressed the roles of both mGluRs and KARs in MF‐LTP in anesthetized rats. We found that MF‐LTP could be induced in the presence of either GluK1‐selective KAR antagonists or group I mGluR antagonists. However, LTP was inhibited when the group I mGluRs and the GluK1‐KARs were simultaneously inhibited. Either mGlu1 or mGlu5 receptor activation is sufficient to induce this form of LTP as selective inhibition of either subtype alone, together with the inhibition of KARs, did not inhibit MF‐LTP. These data suggest that mGlu1 receptors, mGlu5 receptors, and GluK1‐KARs are all engaged during high‐frequency stimulation, and that the activation of any one of these receptors alone is sufficient for the induction of MF‐LTP in vivo. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of incidental prostate cancer: A systematic review of autopsy studies
Authors: Bell Katy J.L. , Del Mar Chris , Wright Gordon , Dickinson James , Glasziou Paul
Published: March 2015

Prostate cancer screening may detect nonprogressive cancers, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The potential for overdiagnosis can be assessed from the reservoir of prostate cancer in autopsy studies that report incidental prostate cancer rates in men who died of other causes. We aimed to estimate the age‐specific incidental cancer prevalence from all published autopsy studies. We identified eligible studies by searches of Medline and Embase, forward and backward citation searches and contacting authors. We screened the titles and abstracts of all articles; checked the full‐text articles for eligibility and extracted clinical and pathology data using standardized forms. We extracted mean cancer prevalence, age‐specific cancer prevalence and validity measures and then pooled data from all studies using logistic regression models with random effects. The 29 studies included in the review dated from 1948 to 2013. Incidental cancer was detected in all populations, with no obvious time trends in prevalence. Prostate cancer prevalence increased with each decade of age, OR = 1.7 (1.6–1.8), and was higher in studies that used the Gleason score, OR = 2.0 (1.1–3.7). No other factors were significantly predictive. The estimated mean cancer prevalence increased in a nonlinear fashion from 5% (95% CI: 3–8%) at age <30 years to 59% (95% CI: 48–71%) by age >79 years. There was substantial variation between populations in estimated cancer prevalence. There is a substantial reservoir of incidental prostate cancer which increases with age. The high risk of overdiagnosis limits the usefulness of prostate cancer screening.
Protein‐ and Peptide‐directed Approaches to Fluorescent Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Hu Yihui , Guo Wenjing , Wei Hui
Published: March 2015

Fluorescent metal nanoclusters (FMNCs), one of the promising functional nanomaterials, have aroused great interest in diverse areas due to their unique characteristics, such as ultrasmall size, high fluorescence, excellent photophysical and chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and tuneable emissions. Many methods have been developed to prepare the FMNCs. Among them, the biomolecule‐directed approach, which could produce FMNCs with high water‐solubility, good biocompatibility, enhanced fluorescence, and rich surface chemistry for conjugation has attracted enormous attention. In this review, we highlight the substantial progress in protein‐ and peptide‐directed approaches to varieties of FMNCs. The synthetic protocols and potential formation mechanisms are well summarized. Selected key applications, ranging from biological and chemical detection to cellular and in vivo imaging, are also discussed. Finally, the current challenges, as well as future perspectives, are briefly discussed. The lessons from these case studies would provide a valuable guide to designing nanomaterials with desired or even personalized functions in the future.
A Systematic Study on the Synthesis of n‐Butyl Substituted 8‐Aminoquinolines
Authors: Koseoglu Ahmet , Gul Turan , Acar Ali Ersin
Published: March 2015

A systematic study on the synthesis of 8‐aminoquinoline derivatives with an n‐butyl group at each alternate position of the quinoline ring was carried out. Skraup Reaction and its Doebner–von Miller variation were used to obtain most of the quinoline ring except for the 2‐butyl‐8‐aminoquinolines and 4‐butyl‐8‐aminoquinolines where the commercially available methylquinoline derivatives were used as precursors. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, COSY, 13C‐NMR and HRMS spectra.
A three‐step radiosynthesis of 6‐[18 F]fluoro‐L‐meta‐tyrosine starting with [18 F]fluoride
Authors: Castillo Meleán Johnny , Ermert Johannes , Coenen Heinz H.
Published: March 2015

The radiosynthesis of 6‐[18 F]fluoro‐L‐m‐tyrosine has generally been performed by electrophilic radiofluorination, which exhibits several drawbacks. In the present work, a three‐step radiochemical synthesis is described starting from [18 F]fluoride. The synthetic sequence, including isotopic exchange, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, and hydrolysis, were examined comparing four fluorobenzophenone derivatives as labeling precursors. Of those, (2S,5S)‐tert‐butyl 5‐(5‐acetyl‐2‐fluorobenzyl)‐2‐tert‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐oxoimidazolidine‐1‐carboxylate (1a) and (2S,5S)‐tert‐butyl 2‐tert‐butyl‐5‐(2‐fluoro‐5‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroacetyl)benzyl)‐3‐methyl‐4‐oxoimidazolidine‐1‐carboxylate (1d) proved to be the most suitable ones. 6‐[18 F]Fluoro‐L‐m‐tyrosine was obtained with overall radiochemical yields of 8–13% and an enantiomeric excess of up to 98%.
No‐carrier‐added labeling of the neuroprotective Ebselen with selenium‐73 and selenium‐75
Authors: Helfer Andreas , Ermert Johannes , Humpert Sven , Coenen Heinz H.
Published: March 2015

Selenium‐73 is a positron emitting non‐standard radionuclide, which is suitable for positron emission tomography. A copper‐catalyzed reaction allowed no‐carrier‐added labeling of the anti‐inflammatory seleno‐organic compound Ebselen with 73Se and 75Se under addition of sulfur carrier in a one‐step reaction. The new authentically labeled radioselenium molecule is thus available for preclinical evaluation and positron emission tomography studies.
An evaluation of a high‐pressure 11CO carbonylation apparatus
Authors: Dahl Kenneth , Itsenko Oleksiy , Rahman Obaidur , Ulin Johan , Sjöberg Carl‐Olof , Sandblom Peter , Larsson Lars‐Anders , Schou Magnus , Halldin Christer
Published: March 2015

[11C]Carbon monoxide (11CO) is a versatile building block for the synthesis of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands. However, the difficulty of trapping 11CO in a small solvent volume has limited its utility. We here report an evaluation of a simple, fully automated high‐pressure synthesizer prototype for the use in 11C‐carbonylation reactions. [11C]Carbon monoxide was easily prepared by online reduction of [11C]carbon dioxide using either Mo(s) or Zn(s) as the reducing agent. The conversion yield of 11CO was >99% when zinc was used as the reducing agent, and the corresponding value for Mo was approximately 71%. When the Zn or Mo column was constantly kept under inert atmosphere, no significant decrease in reducing properties was observed for more than 100 11CO productions. However, in our hands, Mo reductant was much easier to service. A total of nine functional groups were successfully radiolabeled using the 11CO synthesizer prototype. All measured radiochemical yields exceeded 37%, and the 11CO trapping efficiency was generally above 90%, except for the Suzuki coupling where the trapping efficiency was 80%. This high‐pressure synthesizer using [11C]carbon monoxide as the labeling precursor is easy to operate allowing for 11C‐carbonylation reactions to be performed in a high yield and in a routinely fashion.
Personality and social networks in organizations: A review and future directions
Authors: Landis Blaine
Published: March 2015

Recent research linking individuals' personality characteristics to their social networks has brought a new understanding of how individual patterns of behavior affect networks in organizations. This review summarizes the major advancements in the three areas of social network research relevant to organizational behavior: (a) brokerage and structural holes; (b) network centrality and network size; and (c) strength of ties. This review also provides an agenda outlining three key opportunities for future research. These opportunities involve personality and social network change, bidirectional and dyadic processes, and the potential effect of network position on personality expression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive Predictors and Risk Factors of PTSD Following Stillbirth: A Short‐Term Longitudinal Study
Authors: Horsch Antje , Jacobs Ingo , McKenzie‐McHarg Kirstie
Published: March 2015

This short‐term longitudinal study investigated cognitive predictors and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mothers following stillbirth. After a stillbirth at ≥ 24 weeks gestational age, 65 women completed structured clinical interviews and questionnaires assessing PTSD symptoms, cognitive predictors (appraisals, dysfunctional strategies), and risk factors (perceived social support, trauma history, obstetric history) at 3 and 6 months. PTSD symptoms decreased between 3 and 6 months (Cohen's d ranged .34–.52). Regression analyses also revealed a specific positive relationship between Rumination and concurrent frequency of PTSD symptoms (β = .45). Negative Self‐View and Negative World‐View related positively and Self‐Blame related negatively to concurrent number of PTSD symptoms (β = .48, .44, −.45, respectively). Suppression and Distraction predicted a decrease and Numbing predicted an increase in time‐lagged number of PTSD symptoms (β = −.33, −.28, .30, respectively). Risk factors for PTSD symptoms were younger age (β = −.25), lower income (β = −.29), fewer previous pregnancies (β = −.31), and poorer perceived social support (β = −.26). Interventions addressing negative appraisals, dysfunctional strategies, and social support are recommended for mothers with PTSD following stillbirth. Knowledge of cognitive predictors and risk factors of PTSD may inform the development of a screening instrument.
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Polyisobutylene Based Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymers via Combination of Cationic and RAFT Polymerizations
Authors: Bauri Kamal , Li Ren , Faust Rudolf , De Priyadarsi
Published: March 2015

By the combination of living carbocationic and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations, a series of well‐defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) were successfully synthesized. First, cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) followed by chain end functionalization gave PIB‐macro chain transfer agent, which was subsequently used for block copolymerization with oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) confirmed successful and efficient block copolymerzation. The thermoresponsive behaviour of block copolymer aqueous solutions was determined by UV‐vis spectroscopy. These block copolymers self‐assembled into spherical core‐shell nanostructures in an aqueous solution as evidenced by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Multi‐Component Protein – Protein Docking Based Protocol with External Scoring for Modeling Dimers of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Kaczor Agnieszka A. , Guixà‐González Ramon , Carrió Pau , Poso Antti , Dove Stefan , Pastor Manuel , Selent Jana
Published: March 2015

In order to apply structure‐based drug design techniques to GPCR complexes, it is essential to model their 3D structure. For this purpose, a multi‐component protocol was derived based on protein‐protein docking which generates populations of dimers compatible with membrane integration, considering all reasonable interfaces. At the next stage, we applied a scoring procedure based on up to eleven different parameters including shape or electrostatics complementarity. Two methods of consensus scoring were performed: (i) average scores of 100 best scored dimers with respect to each interface, and (ii) frequencies of interfaces among 100 best scored dimers. In general, our multi‐component protocol gives correct indications for dimer interfaces that have been observed in X‐ray crystal structures of GPCR dimers (opsin dimer, chemokine CXCR4 and CCR5 dimers, κ opioid receptor dimer, β1 adrenergic receptor dimer and smoothened receptor dimer) but also suggests alternative dimerization interfaces. Interestingly, at times these alternative interfaces are scored higher than the experimentally observed ones suggesting them to be also relevant in the life cycle of studied GPCR dimers. Further results indicate that GPCR dimer and higher‐order oligomer formation may involve transmembrane helices (TMs) TM1‐TM2‐TM7, TM3‐TM4‐TM5 or TM4‐TM5‐TM6 but not TM1‐TM2‐TM3 or TM2‐TM3‐TM4 which is in general agreement with available experimental and computational data.
Acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: An electrodiagnostic study
Authors: Anadani Mohammad , Katirji Bashar
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A‐CIDP) is an increasingly recognized CIDP subtype. Differentiating A‐CIDP from Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is challenging but important, because there are different treatment outcomes. Methods: We report 3 patients with A‐CIDP who were initially diagnosed with severe GBS but were later confirmed to have CIDP based on their clinical course and electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies. We also report on the long‐term treatment of these patients and review the literature on EDx studies in this syndrome. Results: Three patients were initially diagnosed with GBS and responded to treatment. However, all 3 had arrest in improvement or deterioration during their rehabilitation phases. EDx studies showed prominent demyelinating changes many months after the initial presentation. All responded very well to immunotherapy. Conclusion: Although several features may suggest the diagnosis of A‐CIDP at initial presentation, close follow‐up of GBS patients during the recovery phase is also needed for accurate diagnosis. EDx studies may distinguish patients with A‐CIDP from GBS patients. Muscle Nerve 52: 900–905, 2015
Simultaneous imaging of 13C metabolism and 1H structure: technical considerations and potential applications
Authors: Gordon Jeremy W. , Fain Sean B. , Niles David J. , Ludwig Kai D. , Johnson Kevin M. , Peterson Eric T.
Published: March 2015

Real‐time imaging of 13C metabolism in vivo has been enabled by recent advances in hyperpolarization. As a result of the inherently low natural abundance of endogenous 13C nuclei, hyperpolarized 13C images lack structural information that could be used to aid in motion detection and anatomical registration. Motion before or during the 13C acquisition can therefore result in artifacts and misregistration that may obscure measures of metabolism. In this work, we demonstrate a method to simultaneously image both 1H and 13C nuclei using a dual‐nucleus spectral–spatial radiofrequency excitation and a fully coincident readout for rapid multinuclear spectroscopic imaging. With the appropriate multinuclear hardware, and the means to simultaneously excite and receive on both channels, this technique is straightforward to implement requiring little to no increase in scan time. Phantom and in vivo experiments were performed with both Cartesian and spiral trajectories to validate and illustrate the utility of simultaneous acquisitions. Motion compensation of dynamic metabolic measurements acquired during free breathing was demonstrated using motion tracking derived from 1H data. Simultaneous multinuclear imaging provides structural 1H and metabolic 13C images that are correlated both spatially and temporally, and are therefore amenable to joint 1H and 13C analysis and correction of structure–function images. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐space PGD for the rapid solution of 3D nonlinear parametrized problems in the many‐query context
Authors: Néron David , Boucard Pierre‐Alain , Relun Nicolas
Published: March 2015

This work deals with the question of the resolution of nonlinear problems for many different configurations in order to build a ‘virtual chart’ of solutions. The targeted problems are three‐dimensional structures driven by Chaboche‐type elastic‐viscoplastic constitutive laws. In this context, parametric analysis can lead to highly expensive computations when using a direct treatment. As an alternative, we present a technique based on the use of the time‐space proper generalized decomposition in the framework of the LATIN method. To speed up the calculations in the parametrized context, we use the fact that at each iteration of the LATIN method, an approximation over the entire time‐space domain is available. Then, a global reduced‐order basis is generated, reused and eventually enriched, by treating, one‐by‐one, all the various parameter sets. The novelty of the current paper is to develop a strategy that uses the reduced‐order basis for any new set of parameters as an initialization for the iterative procedure. The reduced‐order basis, which has been built for a set of parameters, is reused to build a first approximation of the solution for another set of parameters. An error indicator allows adding new functions to the basis only if necessary. The gain of this strategy for studying the influence of material or loading variability reaches the order of 25 in the industrial examples that are presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.