bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: global level very high risk pandemic
Authors: Mawale Mahesh B. , Mawale Anupama M.
Published: December 2020

Rapid worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was attracted a great international attention due to multiple healthcare associated outbreaks in 2012. The disease is associated with a high case fatality rate of 34.5%, and there is no recommended therapy for it.  The current COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses, is spreading globally at an accelerated rate.  The World Health Organization declared COVID-19, a serious public health emergency, of international concern. The present article represents the epidemiology, transmissibility and treatment thought for COVID-19 disease.
Mouth breathing habit: a review
Authors: Wasnik Milind , Kulkarni Sadanand , Gahlod Niharika , Khekade Sneha , Bhattad Durga , Shukla Harshita
Published: December 2020

Human beings are considered to be nose breathers but various reasons can force them to adapt by breathing through their mouth instead of nose, and this can have extensive consequences. Breathing through both nose and mouth provide lungs with oxygen but with extremely dissimilar effects on the body and with different levels of oxygen supply. Mouth breathing as a habitual respiration through the mouth instead of the nose. Mouth breathing results in a wide spectrum of consequences. These consequences involve different areas of the body which include mouth, craniofacial development, upper and lower airway. Mouth breathing can be considered as the most obvious manifestation of a syndromic pattern. Mouth breathing habit generally have severe effects on the growth of the facial skeleton and also on the occlusion of teeth on account of the displacement of normal lateral, buccal and lingual muscular forces. The pathogenesis of mouth breathing habit is complex and multifactorial. Mouth breathing is best managed by using a multidisciplinary approach where the specialists include pediatrician, physicians, pediatric dentists and ear-nose-throat (ENT) specialists. Since there is a close correlation between oral breathing and dento-facial in harmonies, the pediatrician and pediatric dentist should work together after an early identification of an oral breathing in a child. This review article aims to survey the scientific literature in regarding prevalence, etiology, consequences and treatments for mouth breathing in order to update the healthcare professionals regarding the recognition of this syndrome and sensitize them looking for an early and comprehensive intervention.
Mortality indicators of COVID–19 in high burden states and cities of India: a review
Authors: G. Srinivas , T. K. Sivabakya , A. Rakesh , S. Valarmathi , Seshayyan Sudha
Published: December 2020

Understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 case-fatality and recovery rates would strengthen the knowledge base on the current trends of the epidemic's severity. During the outbreak, the case-fatality ratio (CFR) is commonly used in most countries. On average it raised from 3.4 percent (as of 25 February 2020) across countries to 7.0 percent (as of 21 April 2020) and then came down to 3.91 percent (as on 31st July 2020). This review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The articles were searched from databases like PubMed, the Cochrane library and Science Direct combining MeSH and free-text terms. In India, the states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh had higher CFR levels as against the southern states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu with significantly lower CFR. India's total number of COVID-19 fatalities per million population is one of the lowest in the world measuring 27.02 per million. Weekly death rate measures of India are lowest affecting 0.29 per 1000 inhabitants. Of the major cities of India, Chennai showed upward trend with a highest weekly death rate in the last week of July 2020, accounting for 2.02 deaths per 1000 inhabitants. This article attempts to provide an over view of key mortality indicators to measure COVID-19 deaths and assess the mortality trends of selected cities and states in India during the months of June and July 2020.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Geometry on a Large Scale Onshore Oscillating Water Column Device with Associated Seabed Ramp
Authors: Letzow Max , Lorenzini Giulio , Barbosa Dante Vinícius Eloy , Hübner Ricardo Gabriel , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Gomes Mateus das Neves , Isoldi Liércio André , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues
Published: December 2020

The current study aims to perform a geometrical investigation of an onshore Oscillating Water Column (OWC) on a large scale. The Constructal Design method is employed, aiming to maximize its available power. The OWC is subjected to two constraints (areas of the chamber and ramp below the chamber); and three degrees of freedom: height/length ratio of the chamber (H1/L1), height/length ratio of the ramp (H2/L2), and submersion of the frontal wall of the chamber (H3). A laminar, unsteady, incompressible, and two-phase flow was adopted, solving conservation equations of mass, momentum, and transport of water-air volume fraction using Finite Volume Method (FVM) and Volume of Fluid (VOF) model. The global optimal geometry led to a twice maximized available power 37.3% higher than the best case without the seabed ramp below the chamber and seven times better than the worst case. Concerning the sensibility of geometry, results indicated that the chamber geometry, given by ratio H1/L1, over the available power (P) was strongly affected by the ramp ratio H2/L2. Moreover, the behavior of the effect of H2/L2 over the once maximized available power (Pm) and corresponding optimal shape of the chamber, (H1/L1)o, changed dramatically for two different magnitudes of H3 investigated.
Visibility Graph Complex Network Analysis on Seismic-Induced Variation in Groundwater Level of Nanxi Well, China
Authors: Yu Jian , Gu Hongbiao , Chi Baoming , Shan Weifeng , Wang Mingyuan
Published: December 2020

Groundwater level in wells, i.e., well water level (WWL) is an important index in hydrological monitoring during earthquakes. Due to the complex dynamics of groundwater, the WWL might change under seismic actions. This paper attempts to identify the long-term correlation between WWL and earthquakes, and disclose the topological features of groundwater dynamics. Taking Nanxi Well as an example, the authors conducted state space analysis on the raw series and trend of WWL to eliminate interferences like barometric pressure, rainfall, and solid tide, creating the trend time series. Then, the raw series and trend time series were converted into the raw visible graph (VG) network and trend VG network, respectively. Further, the global period was divided into five local time windows, and the two VG networks were compared by global aspect, local aspect, and topological properties of complex networks. The results show that the nodes of high degrees are closely related to the seismic response of the WWL in Nanxi Well; all VG networks are scale free and hierarchical; the seismic response of the WWL in the well is reflected by degree correlation; the community division of raw VG network was basically the same as that of trend VG network. The research findings provide insights to the seismic response of WWL and the dynamic fluctuation of groundwater level.
An Evaluation Model for Green Manufacturing Quality of Children’s Furniture Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Huang Jia
Published: December 2020

With the differentiation of the furniture market, there is a growing demand for children’s furniture. The design of children’s furniture must fully consider the special cognition and preference of children, highlight environmental friendliness and health, and benefit the physical and mental development of children. These design objectives are similar to those of green furniture. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the quality of green manufacturing, the key link of green furniture production, with the aid of the excellent data processing technique of artificial intelligence (AI). Thus, this paper summarizes the AI applications in quality testing of children’s furniture and statistical analysis on its greenness, and constructs an evaluation model for green manufacturing quality of children’s furniture. Firstly, the authors introduced the architecture of the green manufacturing system for children’s furniture, and analyzed the product lifecycle and environmental pollutions. On this basis, a complete and scientific evaluation index system (EIS) was constructed. Next, the weight coefficients of the goal layer and criteria layer were determined by the entropy method, and the initial evaluation result were provided. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model was established for the green manufacturing quality of children’s furniture, based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and genetic algorithm with adaptive mutation (AMGA). The proposed EIS and model were proved effective through experiments. The research results provide a reference for the quality evaluation in other fields.
Determinants for Predicting the Conversion of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to Open Cholecystectomy - A Prospective Study
Authors: Goyal Sandeep Kumar , Singhal Gopal , Sharma Bhanu Pratap , Mohan Dinesh , Savita Savita , Pooja Pooja
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery is a kind of minimal access surgery that obviates various complications which are encountered during open method, but the outcome of procedure varies according to condition of the patient. Knowledge of these factors may be used for the preoperative counselling of the patients regarding the successful outcome of the surgery as well as to herald the risk of conversion before undertaking patients. We wanted to evaluate the various preoperative factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy.c METHODS A total of 100 patients of both sexes, from all age groups and socio-economic status was included in the study. All routine investigations and USG (Ultrasonography) were done. Risk factors assessed were age, sex, abdominal tenderness, gall bladder wall thickness, any history of para-umbilical surgery. Clinical evaluation was done for each included patient and score was given according to their signs and symptoms. Patients were categorised subsequently into mild (group 1 & 2), moderate (group 3 & 4) and severe (group 5) difficulty as per scoring method. RESULTS The mean age was 46.21 ± 13.36, ranging between 20 years to 80 years (95 % CI 43.56 to 48.86) with 89 females and 11 males. Among the converted group, 3 (18.75 %) participants were > 60 years of age and 2 (2.38 %) participants were of age < 60 years. According to patient's expected level of difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and according to scoring system, patients were categorised as mild, moderate and severe. A total of 81 patients were categorised as mild, 17 as moderate and 2 as severe. Conversion rate is 0 % in mild difficulty group, 17.64 % in moderate difficulty group and 100 % in severe difficulty group. CONCLUSIONS Difficulty and conversion risk may be predicted accurately by using the scoring system. Surging scores indicated marked increase in difficulty levels intraoperatively and thus affects the conversion rates. Thus, it can be concluded that the scoring system accurately assessed the conversion rates of laparoscopic cholecystectomy preoperatively to open surgery. Higher scores indicated increase in difficulty level. KEYWORDS Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Open Cholecystectomy, Determinants
Clinical Profile of Patients with Malignant Otitis Externa in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Raman Nandakumar Choorakkattukara , Sreedharan Thulaseedharan , Varkey Ajayan Paithottiyil
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Malignant otitis externa (MOE) is a rare disorder occurring in elderly immunocompromised patients mainly in diabetics. Other immunocompromised conditions are myeloid malignancies, iatrogenic suppression secondary to treatment of malignancies, organ transplant patients, and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patients. Most common causative organism is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis also have been reported. Aspergillus species is the most common fungal pathogen causing this condition. METHODS This is a cross sectional study to find out the clinical profile of patients treated for MOE in the department of ENT of Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala. Sample size was 32. Patients were given a self-made questionnaire containing questions on age, gender, clinical history, and history of past illness. After getting the filled form, informed consent was taken. They then underwent general examination as well as ENT evaluation with emphasis on otological examination which included examination of ear and surrounding area. Swab from external auditory canal (EAC) was sent for culture and sensitivity. Granulations were taken from EAC to rule out malignancy. Antibiotics and antifungals depending on the pathogen were given for adequate duration. RESULTS Males were more commonly affected (78 %). Mean age of population is 60.97 ± 10.2 years. Diabetes mellitus was seen in 21 patients, of which 16 showed uncontrollable diabetes. Otalgia was present in all the patients. 14 patients showed ear discharge. Facial palsy was present in 8 patients only. Increased ESR was seen in all patients. Culture and sensitivity of all patients showed growth of Pseudomonas only. CT (Computed Tomography) revealed soft tissue in external auditory canal of all patients. At the end of the study, complete remission was seen in 18 patients. Follow up was done in 3 months and 6 months. Facial palsy was relieved in 50 % patients. CONCLUSIONS MOE predominantly affects elderly immunocompromised patients especially patients with uncontrollable diabetes. Most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Otalgia which felt more in night (nocturnal otalgia), otorrhoea, granulation in external auditory canal are the important parameters for the diagnosis of this condition. HRCT (High-Resolution Computed Tomography) temporal bone is used to see the extent of disease and also for diagnosis. ESR and CRP levels indicate the prognosis. Complete remission seen in most of the patients and facial palsy3 was relieved in 50 %. This study can be used to predict the disease progression, and to formulate a treatment plan so that morbidity and mortality associated with it can be avoided as much as possible. KEYWORDS Malignant Otitis Externa, Necrotising Otitis Externa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nocturnal Otalgia, Immuno Compromised Condition
Intraorbital Tumours, Schwannoma, Neurofibroma
Authors: Challa Vasu Reddy , Vallabhaneni Ajay Chanakya , G Baleswari , Reddy Vinusha Reddy Basi
Published: December 2020

Schwannomas are rare benign tumours arising from neuroectodermal Schwann cells. They can arise from cranial, intraspinal, peripheral and autonomic nerve sheaths. Schwannomas represent 1 - 8 % of head and neck tumours. They constitute 25 – 40 % of extracranial tumours in head and neck region.1 Among the schwannomas arising in head and neck region those arising intraorbitally are very rare. The most common benign intra orbital tumours are haemangiomas. They can arise as localised forms or in association with Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1). In patients with neurofibromatosis-type 1 or in patients with family history of NF, the risk of developing orbital schwannoma is 1.5 %. Schwannomas constitute 1 - 6.5 % of intra orbital tumours.2-6 Of these tumours those undergoing cystic changes are still rare. The most common cystic lesions in the orbit are dermoid cysts or mucoceles.
Health Information-Seeking Behavior of Iranian first-time Mothers and First-Time Pregnant Women in Northwest Health Centers of Tehran
Authors: Panahi Sirous , Mahmoudvand Farzaneh , Sedghi Shahram
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Pregnancy, especially the first pregnancy and childbirth, affects the women’s quality of life. Improving information-seeking behavior facilitates the decision-making process of women during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of this study was to investigate the health information-seeking behavior of Iranian first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional-descriptive survey .A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 358 first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women who attended 9 health centers in the northwest of Tehran, Iran, in 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and by conducting descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at .05 significance level.
Result: The most important information need of the first- time mothers and first-time pregnant women was "Fetal/newborn health"; the most important source of information used was "gynecologist"; the most important way to access the resources was "visiting a doctor in person," and the most critical barrier to access information was "high costs of visiting a doctor, midwife, or nurse." Testing the hypotheses showed significant differences between information seeking components and demographic characteristics of the respondents. It was also found that there was no significant difference between the components of information-seeking behavior among two groups of first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Making pregnancy-related health information more available and accessible and providing high-quality educational programs at affordable cost in health centers for first-time mothers and first-time pregnant women can help them increase their health literacy and prevent many common complications associated with pregnancy and child health.
Investigating the Level of Access to Hospital Medical Facilities Using the Geographical Information System (GIS) in Yazd, Iran, in 2019
Authors: Askari Roohollah , Shafiee Milad , Charrahi Zabihollah , Almodarresi Seyed Ali , Afrazandeh Seyed Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Introduction: proper geographical access to hospital medical facilities will increase people’s visits to receive non-emergency services and no delay in providing emergency services. This research aimed to determine the level of access to hospital medical facilities with Geographical Information System in Yazd in 2019.
Methods: This research is descriptive and applied. The required data for analyzing access included the information related to all existing hospitals, demographic data, and the layer of Yazd’s population blocks. Data analysis was carried out with GIS10.3 software.
Results: Yazd city has 11 hospitals and 1915 active beds. The number of hospitals was proportional to the total population, but there was a shortage of 147 active beds. The per capita hospital space was 0.40 square meters, which is more than the standard (0.37 m2). The distribution of hospitals and beds in different regions of Yazd was inequitable. The population with high or desirable access (the population within a 1500-meter radius of the hospitals) to the hospitals with emergency, internal and surgery, pediatric, and gynecology units made up 54.12, 41.92, 44.44, and 48.34 percent of the Yazd’s population, respectively. Also, the population with limited access (the population out of a 3000-meter radius of hospitals) to the hospitals with emergency, internal and surgery, pediatric, and gynecology units made up 15.40, 31.72, 21.78, and 18.89 percent of the Yazd’s population, respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding the obtained results, it is concluded that there is no shortage of hospitals and hospital space in Yazd, and the number of beds is not way below the international standard. However, locating the hospitals is not so that a large proportion of the population is placed within the radius of high or desirable access to hospitals.
Assessment of VOCs, PM10, and Formaldehyde Exposure in the Hair Salons of South Korea
Authors: Acharya Shiva Raj , Moon Deog Hwan , Shin Yong Chul
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In hair salons, Workers and customers are exposed to high concentrations of several chemical compounds used during the working environment. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and formaldehyde are the major chemicals that alter the indoor air quality. This study aimed to assess the indoor air quality in hair salons of Gimhae, South Korea.
Materials and Methods: To conduct the study, six hair salons were monitored for VOCs, formaldehyde, and PM10. The study was conducted from August to November 2017.
Results: The findings showed higher concentrations of formaldehyde (> 0.50 ppm) and VOCs (> 0.08ppm) compared to EPA standard exposure limit; whereas PM10 was < 150㎍/㎥.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the ventilation systems were insufficient in the selected salons. Adequate ventilation and control facilities should be advised in applying the chemical products to observe the safety of workers and customers of hair salon and to sustain better indoor air quality.
Viability of Lactobacillus Plantarum Incorporated with Sourdough Powder-Based Edible Film in Set Yogurt and Subsequent Changes During Post Fermentation Storage
Authors: Kalantarmahdavi Mahboubeh , Khanzadi Saeid , Salari Amir
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Due to the advantages of sourdough, its film production for food packaging could be interesting. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of probiotic sourdough based edible film covered on set yogurt and subsequent changes during post fermentation storage.
Materials and Methods: The parameters examined included changes to the fermentation characteristics (pH, and viable counts of probiotic bacteria), synersies, and sensory evaluation during 21-d storage at 4°C. lactobacillus plantarum was supplemented with sourdough films and yogurt produced by commercial yogurt starters (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) then films placed on yogurt containers, and a panel of parameters reflecting product quality was subsequently monitored along with 21-d post-fermentation storage.
Results: Results demonstrated that the pH value of yogurt decreased slowly during the storage and no significant difference was observed between the control and the samples with the films. Although the number of viable cells decreased during storage, it did not lower than the minimum requirement for probiotics (> 107 log CFU / g). The synersies of the film-treated samples were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than the control samples. The yogurt with the film without bacteria had the least synersis. Film-treated yogurts had acceptable sensory properties in comparison with control.
Conclusion: Sourdough films can be an optimizing candidate to enter the food industry as a bioactive edible film and also could improve the delivery of probiotic bacteria.
Forecast Future Production and Estimation of Future Costs of Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Transportation System in Yazd Using WAGS Software
Authors: Abbasi Omid , Mokhtari Mehdi , Askari Roohollah , Jambarsang Sarah , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: About 50 to 70 percent of the waste management total cost is spent on collection operations, so any little progress in reducing collection costs could significantly reduce total costs. This study aimed to analyze the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste cost in Yazd in the next 15 years.
Materials and Methods: The study location (five areas) was different urban areas of Yazd city.  To analyze the collection and transportation of normal waste cost in Yazd, WAGS software was used. To obtain demographic information, the Statistical Center of Iran data, information about the location of the area, equipment, costs, and taxes related to waste were obtained in cooperation with Yazd Municipality, Recycling Organization, Labor, and Social Affairs Office and field surveys. Apart from WAGS, the ARIMA time series method (1, 1, 0) was also used with SPSS 24.
Results: The highest costs of waste collection belonged to the human resources sector, and personnel costs were 75.24%, machinery supply capital was 13.85%, repair costs were 6.15%, fuel costs were 4.59%, and the costs of the other parts of the total cost of the waste collection were 0.14%.
Conclusion: The total collection and transfer of waste costs were estimated at 10414000 USD to collect and transfer municipal solid waste in Yazd in the next 15 years. Waste generation projection by time series method with the ARIMA model (1, 1, 0) showed more accurate results than waste generation projection with WAGS.
Predicting the Air Quality Index of Industrial Areas in an Industrialized City in India Using Adopting Markov Chain Model
Authors: Prasad S.V.S Raja , Namboodiri V Vishnu
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The rapid urbanization coupled with industrial development in Indian cities has led to air pollution that causes adverse effects on the health of human beings. So, it is crucial to track the quality of air in industrial areas of a city to insulate the public from harmful air pollutants.  The present study examined and predicted air quality index levels in industrial areas located in Hyderabad, India.
Materials and Methods: Markov chain model was developed to predict the air quality index levels in three industrial areas of Hyderabad city. The secondary data pertaining to the air quality index was analyzed from January, 2016 to December 2019 by developing Markov chain model. The state transition probabilities were used to find the predicted probability for the next 4 years. The study also analyzed the mean return time for specific states.
Results: According to the findings, the highest frequency observed for transition in a month to the next month was 31 for the second industrial area in moderate state. The longest time required to repeat the state was 23.585 months and 23.259 months for the industrial area 3.
Conclusions: Air quality index varies in industrial areas depending on the nature of industries and type of emissions. The prediction of air quality index is useful for the local authorities to implement measures to minimize the impact of pollutants on human health.
Prediction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Using LandGEM and IPCC Methods in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Mokhtari Mehdi , Ebrahimi Aliasghar , Rezaeinia Salimeh
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has changed the global temperature and had a negative impact on global climate conditions. Landfill gas is one of the major GHG contributors. With the knowledge of GHG inventory, it is possible to carry out disaster prevention measures.
Materials and Methods: In this study, tow Landfill Gas Emissions Modeling (LandGEM) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), were used to determine the GHG quantity of the Yazd county landfill sector using from 2000 to 2020.
Results: During this period, by the IPCC model, the total level of methane emissions from the Yazd county landfill was 23.17 Giga gram/y (Gg/y), while based on the LandGEM model, the total value of methane emissions from the Yazd county landfill was 5.74 Gg/y. The total amount of CO2 in the Yazd county landfill of the years 2000–2020 is estimated to be 15.75 Gg/y in the LandGEM model. There is the potential to generate 11.88 MWh/year electricity for the Yazd county landfill in 2020.
Conclusion: The results of the present study can be employed to plan and implement a system for collecting methane gas and control the emission of GHG to landfills.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Industrial Purposes Using Geographical Information System (GIS) in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
Authors: Sargazi Shahnaz , Almodaresi Seyed Ali , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Dalvand Arash , Sargazi Hossein , Khatebasreh Masoumeh
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Water quality is essential for industries because they play an important role in countries’ economic development. Groundwater is one of the most widely used resources, and when the ionic constituents were increasing higher than the allowable limit, it increases the cost of maintenance and production in the industries.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate groundwater corrosiveness and scaling potential in Zahedan City,  29 groundwater wells and GIS-based geostatistical mapping techniques were analyzed clemically. The physicochemical parameters were invetsiagted and the most popular corrosion and scaling indices were determined as Langelier Index (LI), Aggressive Index (AI), Ryznar Index (RI), Puckorius Index (PI), and Larson–Skold Index (LS). Using ArcGIS 10.6.1 software, the zoning maps were plotted for LI, AI, RI, PI, and LS indices.
Results: The results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) values in all of the samples exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard. AI values of 58.62% samples showing moderate corrosiveness, and the remaining 17 samples have a scaling nature with very less corrosivity. Based on the LI values, 55.2% of samples have a corrosive nature. Concerning RI values, 59% of the samples have a corrosive tendency. According to the PI values, the entire groundwater of this region has a significant corrosive tendency, and 96% of samples exceeded the LS > 1.2, showing a high rate of localized corrosion.
Conclusion: The zoning and spatial analysis of water quality showed that water quality was treated for industrial purposes in the entire studied region.
The Importance of Length of the Cephalomedullary Nails for Fixation of the Proximal Femoral Fractures: An Educational Corner
Authors: Khoori Moein , Moharrami Alireza , Hoseini Zare Nima , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients
Authors: Rezaei Dogahe Reza , Vosoughi Farzad , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Trigger Wrist Associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Caused by Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle Belly Hypertrophy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Enayati Behzad , Farzan Mahmoud , Akrami Shahram , Tabatabaei Irani Pouya , Moharrami Alireza
Published: December 2020

Background: Trigger wrist is a rare disease with few reported cases in the literature. This condition presents with painful sensation and a clicking sound during finger or wrist movements.
Case Report: In this report, we present a 32-year-old man suffering from trigger wrist along with carpal tunnel syndrome caused by muscle belly hypertrophy and extension to the carpal tunnel. The diagnostic approach and surgical techniques are explained.
Conclusion: In cases of trigger wrist associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), there may be an underlying cause covering both the trigger wrist and CTS at the volar side of the wrist. Therefore, a precise clinical examination is recommended to avoid unnecessary surgery, releasing of A1 pulley, or steroid injection.
A Case Report of Simultaneous Ipsilateral Floating Knee and Hip
Authors: Siavashi Babak , Shafiei Seyyed Hossein , Mahdavi Farhad , Baghbani Salar , Golbakhsh Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2020

Background: Simultaneous ipsilateral floating knee and hip is a very rare injury and so far, no standard guideline has been determined for its treatment.
Case Report:In the current study, we report a surgical technique for the treatment of a 17-year-old patient with this condition on his left side.
Conclusion: We recommend to start the fixation from proximal and stabilize the pelvic ring at first, then fix the posterior part of the acetabulum and femoral shaft with the same posterior approach.
PECULIARITIES OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE IN THE QUALIFICATION AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES STIPULATED BY ARTICLE 145.1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Head of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Nizhny Novgorod Branch of the Saint Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Guschev Maksim E. , Zagryadskaya Ekaterina A. ,   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Nizhny Novgorod Branch of the Saint Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the problematic points that investigators face in the qualification and investigation of acts related to non-payment of wages and other established payments, analyzes the errors of law enforcement practice, and suggests ways to solve these problems.
SOME ISSUES OF THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF RELIGIOUS FEELINGS IN CRIMINAL LAWS
Authors:   Senior Assistant Prosecutor of Sortavala Postgraduate Student of the Department of Criminal Law, Penal Law and Criminology of the Saint Petersburg Branch of the University of Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, Kovalev Stepan V.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the problems of definition of the religious feelings of believers, which take part in the offence covered in article 148 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. This article analyses a main theological terminology as well as introduces main definitions, which should be secure in legislation. These definitions help to interpret and to understand the legal enforcement of article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
PECULIARITIES OF QUALIFICATION OF HOOLIGANISM AND OTHER CRIMES MOTIVATED BY HOOLIGANISM
Authors:   Head of the Department of Criminal and Legal Disciplines of the Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Maksimenko Aleksandr V. , Mikhaylova Irina A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal and Legal Disciplines of the Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: December 2020

The article notes that hooliganism is fairly common criminal attacks committed in the Russian Federation, but over the last few years there has been a steady downward trend in the number of reported crimes under article 213 of the Criminal Code. At the same time, law enforcement officers have a lot of questions when qualifying hooliganism and distinguishing it from other crimes committed from hooligan motives. These circumstances are primarily due to the presence of evaluation features in the disposition of part 1 of article 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Substantiates the position of authors about differences in the content of the notions “a motive hooligan” and “hooliganism” and, in this regard, the incorrectness of some clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court on qualification of crimes committed out of hooliganism.
ON SOME ISSUES OF THE INITIAL STAGE OF INVESTIGATING AND COMBATING THEFTS OF COPPER-BEARING EQUIPMENT OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCK (BASED ON FILES OF THE TRANSBAIKAL LINEAR TRANSPORT DIRECTORATE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA)
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure of the Transbaikal State University PhD (Law), Novikov Evgeniy F.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to peculiarities of the initial stage of investigation of thefts of copper-bearing equipment of traction rolling stock. The author reviews the algorithm of actions of transport policemen upon receipt of a message from an applicant and crime scene examination peculiarities. The paper identifies the main issues and proposes solutions for the investigation of such a type of crimes.
PENAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVICTED WOMEN
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of Research Center No. 1 of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Federal State Institution Research Institute of The Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia) Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Dugenets Aleksandr S. , Tischenko Yuriy Yu. ,   Head of Research Center No. 3 of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Federal State Institution Research Institute of The Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia) Colonel of Internal Service, PhD (Law), Samoylova Anastasia A. ,   Senior Research Scientist of Research Center No. 3 of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Federal State Institution Research Institute of The Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia) Captain of Internal Service
Published: December 2020

The results of studies of female crime, identification of its sources, reasons for criminal behavior of women are of considerable scientific interest in the modern conditions. It is caused by the fact that female crime is quite negatively affecting the society, its institutions, especially family, its moral and psychological atmosphere. Female crime is a ratio of the moral health of the society, its spirituality, attitude to basic universal human values.
ON VIRTUALIZATION OF PAYMENT SERVICES IN THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL PAYMENT SYSTEM
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Banking Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) LL.D., Associate Professor, Khomenko Elena G.
Published: December 2020

Currently, there is a development of e-Commerce, the possibility of reducing the cost of transfer services, the ability to make payments anonymously, as well as the elimination of gaps in legislation regarding the legal regulation of new technologies used for several years — payment applications, payment services, etc. The author of the article describes how the “virtualization” of the national payment system affects all types of payment services and how it manifests itself in relation to the payment acceptance service, postal transfer service and money transfer service. Special attention is paid to the activities of payment systems and the organization of the remote payment mechanism.
NOTARIAL SERVICES IN THE PANDEMIC SETTING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:   Professor of the Ural State Law University (USLU) LL.D., Professor, Pogosyan Tatyana Yu. , Pogosyan Ekaterina V. ,   Associate Professor of the Ural State Law University (USLU) PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the peculiarities of notarial activities in the context of restrictive measures introduced in connection with the coronavirus pandemic, in particular, analyses the prospects for the development of electronic notarial services, and examines the issues of criminal liability for the public dissemination of false information in the context of the protective function of a notary.
ON THE ISSUE OF THE SOCIO-LEGAL, ECONOMIC AND MORAL VALUE OF COPYRIGHT OBJECTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Acting Head of the Department of Copyright, Related Rights and Private Law Disciplines of the Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property (RSAIP) Presiding Judge Emeritus of the Vladimir Regional Court LL.D., Professor, Bespalov Yuriy F.
Published: December 2020

The article explores the question of the sociolegal and moral value of copyright objects. The author concluded that the socio-legal value of these objects is: 1) giving their owners rights and responsibilities, which allows to extract useful properties and to respect the rights of other subjects; 2) providing access to everyone, with some exceptions; 3) promoting human development, including intellectual, and receive knowledge, skills; 4) a steady increase in the effectiveness of copyright mechanisms aimed at implementing the socio-economic goals and objectives of the Russian Federation, and ensuring the well-being of Russians and Russian society as a whole. The moral value of copyright objects is determined by the correspondence of their content and purpose to the moral foundations established in society, taking into account their reasonable modernization. Proposals were made to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation.
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE REGULATION OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Deputy Dean for Scientific Work of the Law Faculty of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Demchenko Maksim V.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of writing a scientific work is to study the regulation of the real estate market, the role of the notary in ensuring the protection of the rights of participants in civil turnover and the formation of proposals to expand the powers of the notary to certify real estate transactions. Examining the dynamics of litigation in relation to real estate objects, it is stated that a significant number of them, undoubtedly, arise due to the functioning of various kinds of fraudulent schemes when making the transactions in question. It is noted that in recent years, fraudulent schemes for the unauthorized use of electronic digital signatures for processing transactions have become widespread in the real estate market. Based on the analysis of judicial practice in cases of challenging registered rights to real estate, on invalidating contracts for the sale of residential premises, it was concluded that state registration cannot fully provide for cases of unfair actions in the field of real estate turnover. The best option to ensure the interests of the owners of rights to real estate when concluding transactions with it is notarization of the transaction. For this reason, the paper concludes that it is advisable to diversify the range of transactions, the notarization of which is most appropriate in modern conditions.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF INHERITANCE OF PROPERTY ENCUMBERED BY A LIFE ESTATE AGREEMENT (PART ONE)
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Russian Academy of Advocacy and Notaries PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Myskin Anton V.
Published: December 2020

As it is known, any owner of a thing can quite freely and independently bequest such a thing in favor of any person chosen by him. However, if the person is the owner within the framework of the rent contract (rent payer), his or her authority as owner is significantly limited by the rules of civil law. Article 604 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes that the payer of rents has the right to dispose of or otherwise encumber property only with the prior consent of the recipient of the rent. The content of this rule in practice raises one very important question. Does the rent payer have the right freely to bequest property encumbered by the rent agreement, or does it have to obtain the consent of the rent recipient for such an order? Finding an answer to this question is the subject of this article.
ON THE ISSUE OF LAWS AND PRINCIPLES OF RHETORIC IN NOTARIAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Research Scientist of Research Center No. 3 of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Federal State Institution Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia), Moskvitina Maria M. , Kryazheva Svetlana G. ,   Research Scientist of Research Center No. 3 of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Federal State Institution Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia)
Published: December 2020

Daily interaction of a notary with a large number of people who have their own individual psychological characteristics, current psycho-emotional state, assumes that the notary has a developed level of communicative culture and knowledge of the basic principles and laws of rhetoric as a science that studies the art of speech and the basics of oratory. The article describes the role of rhetoric in the implementation of notary practice. The importance of the notary’s wording of his speech, the rules for building a dialogue and artistic speech, and techniques that facilitate dialogization of communication and establishing psychological contact with the client are emphasized. In addition, the article describes the basic principles and laws of rhetoric, examines different levels of verbal communication.
Relevant Issues of the Legal Position of In-Laws in Family Relationships
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Southwest State University PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Elena V. Elena V.
Published: December 2020

This article, on the basis of the current Russian legislation, considers topical issues of legal regulation of family relations with the participation of persons with the status of characteristic, as well as develops a legal understanding of the terms stepmother and stepfather, stepson and stepfather.
The Institution of Child`s Obligations in Laws of Foreign Countries
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Operations of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Matveeva Natalya A.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to topical issues of the need to legally endow minors with responsibilities in relation to the family and society, modern requirements for ensuring their fulfillment by children. The experience of some foreign countries seems to be interesting, in the legislation of which, in addition to the rights and legitimate interests of the child, special attention is paid to the duties of children.
Peculiarities of the Child`s Constitutional Law Status in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Professor of the Sevastopol State University LL.D., Professor, Protsevskiy Viktor A. , Golikova Svetlana V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Sevastopol State University PhD (Law)
Published: December 2020

At the present stage of state development, one of the main issues that arise is the issue of human rights protection. At the same time, the gradual development of society requires a special attitude to children because of their inability to protect themselves independently, understanding of their interests, needs, requests, problems, psychoemotional and other factors. The article examines the constitutional and legal status of the child, determining its theoretical foundations and structure. It is noted that the constitutional and legal status of a child is a complex, complex legal category that objectifies the system of legal features of the legal status of a child as an object of constitutional law. The main component of the concept of the legal status of the child is the understanding of the value of the child as a member of society.
On Legal Consequences of Undue Use of a Residential Premise
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Russian State University of Justice PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Nikolyukin Stanislav V.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the semantic content of the «use» and «use» of residential premises, reveals the content of improper use of residential premises, as well as its legal consequences.
Application and Consent as Unilateral Transactions in the Housing Law
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Irkutsk Institute (Branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Semenova Ekaterina V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features of various kinds of statements and consents in housing law, which can be attributed to unilateral transactions. An assessment of judicial practice is made, which develops on the issue of qualification of applications and consents. Species division of transactions-statements and transactions-consents was made taking into account the classification proposed by B.B. Cherepakhin (the division of unilateral transactions into unilaterally binding and unilaterally enabling transactions). It is noted that a feature of the unilateral transactions under consideration is that they come or are directed to public authorities, which makes it difficult to qualify them as civil law facts, however, certain signs can be highlighted that allow this. But at the same time, attention is focused on the fact that not all applications and transactions in housing law have a civil law nature, which means that not all can be qualified as unilateral transactions.