bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical solutions for chemical dissolution‐front instability problems involving radially divergent flow within fluid‐saturated porous media
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs Bruce E. , Ord Alison
Published: May 2023

Through using rigorously mathematical deductions, this article derives analytical solutions for chemical dissolution‐front instability (CDFI) problems, in which radially divergent flow is involved within fluid‐saturated porous media. Since the acid injection‐well to be considered is a circle of nonzero radius in the horizontal plane, a polar coordinate system is used to describe the coupled mathematical governing equations of the CDFI problem. To facilitate deriving analytical solutions, an appropriate mathematical transform is used to convert the coupled mathematical governing equations from a dimensional form into a dimensionless one. This enables the generalized linear stability approach to be utilized for deriving both analytical base and perturbation solutions for the CDFI problem involving radially divergent flow within a fluid‐saturated porous medium. Consequently, a theoretical criterion, which is usable for assessing the CDFI in the chemical dissolution system (CDS), is further established from the corresponding analytical perturbation solutions. The related theoretical results have demonstrated that: (1) the proposed theoretical criterion is useful and applicable for assessing the CDFI associated with radially divergent flow within fluid‐saturated porous media; (2) the permeability ratio between the downstream and upstream regions can affect significantly the critical Peclet number of a CDS associated with radially divergent flow; (3) the initial porosity can have remarkable effects on the critical Peclet number of a CDS associated with radially divergent flow; and (4) the difference between the final and initial porosities can also affect significantly the critical Peclet number of a CDS associated with radially divergent flow in the fluid‐saturated porous medium.
Stakeholder preferences for pangolin conservation interventions in south‐east Nigeria
Authors: Emogor Charles A. , Zabala Aiora , Adaje Patience Onyeche , Clark Douglas , Nielsen Kristian Steensen , Carmenta Rachel
Published: May 2023

The overexploitation of biological resources severely threatens many species, requiring urgent and effective conservation interventions. Such interventions sometimes require governance structures that incorporate pluralist perspectives and collaborative decision‐making, especially in complex, multi‐faceted and multi‐scale issues like the illegal trade in pangolins.

We used Q‐methodology to provide evidence to inform interventions for pangolin conservation in south‐east Nigeria. We sampled stakeholder groups associated with pangolin use and protection, including hunters, wild meat traders and Nigeria Customs Service employees, to elicit their opinion and knowledge on the use and perceptions of pangolins and their preferences for interventions to reduce pangolin decline.

We found that the local consumption of pangolin meat as food is the primary driver of poaching in the region. This contradicts popular opinions that pangolins are specifically targeted for international trade, revealing an opportunity for site‐level behaviour change interventions. The different stakeholder groups identified awareness‐raising campaigns, law enforcement, community stewardship programs and ecotourism as preferred interventions, whose effectiveness we attempted to assess using reported case studies.

We observed different perspectives between people associated with pangolin poaching and use (predominantly those living around pangolin habitats, including hunters and wild meat traders) and those working to protect them (such as conservation organisations and Nigeria Customs Service employees). For example, the first group supported community stewardship programs, while the latter preferred awareness‐raising and law enforcement efforts. This divergence in perspectives underpins the need for a combination of targeted interventions at the site level to engage different stakeholders while highlighting the potential challenges to collaborative decision‐making for species threatened by illegal wildlife trade.

Policy implications. Our results stress the importance of targeted and context‐specific conservation interventions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Post‐curing and fiber hybridization effects on mode‐II interlaminar fracture toughness of glass/carbon/epoxy composites
Authors: Umarfarooq M. A. , Gouda P. S. Shivakumar , Banapurmath N. R. , Kittur M. I. , Khan Tabrej , Parveez Bisma , Sebaey Tamer A. , Badruddin Irfan Anjum
Published: May 2023

Failure by delamination is one of the primary concerns in laminated composites. The development and progression of the delamination results in the degradation of composite stiffness affecting its structural integrity and may ultimately result in composite structure failure. Therefore, knowledge of the evolution of delamination resistance and the factors which affect the delamination in composites is of utmost importance for the selection of materials. This study investigates the effect of fiber hybridization and post‐curing on mode‐II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC) of Glass/Carbon/Epoxy (GCE) composites. Carbon/Epoxy (CE), Glass/Epoxy (GE), and GCE composite laminates were molded employing the process of hand layup technique and post‐cured at different temperatures. GE laminates exhibited a superior load for delamination and deformation compared to CE and GCE laminates. The hybrid GCE laminates exhibited higher interlaminar fracture toughness compared to non‐hybrid GE and CE laminates, which can be attributed to the synergetic effect of Carbon and Glass fibers. The laminates post‐cured at 180°C exhibited higher fracture toughness in their corresponding groups. The delaminated surfaces of CE, GE, and GCE laminates were further examined under Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the effect of post‐curing and fiber hybridization on mode‐II interlaminar fracture toughness.
You are already dead: Case report of nihilistic delusions regarding others as one representation of Cotard's syndrome
Authors: Koreki Akihiro , Mashima Yuki , Oda Akihiko , Koizumi Teruki , Koyanagi Kazuhiro , Onaya Mitsumoto
Published: May 2023

Background

While the symptom of “I am already dead” is a hallmark of Cotard's syndrome, also known as nihilistic delusions, the symptom of “you are already dead” has been neglected.

Case presentation

A woman aged in her 60s diagnosed with schizophrenia was admitted to our hospital for psychotic symptoms, including delusions of reference, delusions of guilt, auditory hallucinations, cenesthetic hallucinations, agitation, depression, suicidal ideation, and catatonia. During hospitalization, her cenesthetic hallucinations progressed to include nihilistic delusions. She described cenesthetic hallucinations along with various delusional descriptions, including the belief that various objects, such as spoons, irons, nails, rulers, bins, and coins, were inside her body and that her body was being burned or in danger of exploding. She also claimed an altered sense of her own body, that her body was larger than normal or reversed. Moreover, she reported nihilistic delusions that her face and body did not exist, that her heart was not functioning, and that she was going to die soon or was already dead. She occasionally refused to eat because of the feeling of being dead. Notably, during a severe episode, she claimed that a doctor in front of her was dead. Clozapine was effective in improving her symptoms. Ultimately, the patient regained her sense of being alive and acknowledged that the doctor was alive.

Conclusion

We report the case of a patient presenting with nihilistic delusions regarding both self and others, along with prior cenesthetic hallucinations. Aberrant interoceptive processing could be a potential link between these two forms of nihilistic delusions.
The most common medications dispensed to lactating persons: An electronic health record‐based approach
Authors: Palmsten Kristin , Vazquez‐Benitez Gabriela , JaKa Meghan M. , Bandoli Gretchen , Ahrens Katherine A. , Kharbanda Elyse O.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Using a novel, electronic health record (EHR)‐based approach, to estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use at 2, 4, and 6 months postpartum among lactating individuals.

Methods

We utilized automated EHR data from a US health system that records infant feeding information at well‐child visits. We linked mothers who received prenatal care to their infants born May 2018–June 2019, and we required infants to have ≥1 well‐child visit between 31 and 90 days of life (i.e., 2‐month well‐child visit with a ±1 month window). Mothers were classified as lactating at the 2‐month well‐child visit if their infant received breast milk at the 2‐month well‐child visit. For subsequent well‐child visits at 4 and 6 months, mothers were considered lactating if their infant was still receiving breast milk.

Results

We identified 6013 mothers meeting inclusion criteria, and 4158 (69.2%) were classified as lactating at the 2‐month well‐child visit. Among those classified as lactating, the most common medication classes dispensed around the 2‐month well‐child visit were oral progestin contraceptives (19.1%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (8.8%), first generation cephalosporins (4.3%), thyroid hormones (3.5%), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (3.4%), penicillinase‐resistant penicillins (3.1%), topical corticosteroids (2.9%), and oral imidazole‐related antifungals (2.0%). The most common medication classes were similar around the 4 and 6‐month well‐child visits although prevalence estimates were often lower.

Conclusions

Progestin‐only contraceptives, antidepressants, and antibiotics were the most dispensed medications among lactating mothers. With routine collection of breastfeeding information, mother‐infant linked EHR data may overcome limitations in previous studies of medication utilization during lactation. These data should be considered for studies of medication safety during lactation given the need for human safety data.
Attitudes of psychiatry trainees towards patients with borderline personality disorder: Does the stigma begin during training?
Authors: Lindell‐Innes Rhea , Phillips‐Hughes Alexander L. , Bartsch Dianna , Galletly Cherrie , Ludbrook Cathy
Published: May 2023

Research suggests there is a widespread stigma among clinicians towards patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and that this contributes to poor treatment outcomes. Given the influence of learning environments in shaping perceptions, this study investigated the attitude of South Australian psychiatry trainees towards patients with BPD. A questionnaire was distributed to 89 South Australian doctors, from both The Adelaide Prevocational Psychiatry Program (TAPPP) and psychiatry trainees of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP). This questionnaire investigated the domains of treatment optimism, clinician attitude and empathy towards patients with BPD. Results indicated that psychiatry trainees near the end of training scored significantly lower across all domains, indicating a more negative perception of patients with BPD, when compared to early‐ and mid‐stage trainees. This study identifies a need to understand why trainees closer to qualifying as psychiatrists have increased stigma towards patients with BPD. Improved education and training surrounding patients with BPD is warranted to reduce negative stigma and improve clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of a photodynamic therapy agent using a canine prostate cancer model
Authors: Luo Dong , Wang Xinning , Ramamurthy Gopalakrishnan , Walker Ethan , Zhang Lifang , Shirke Aditi , Naidu Naraen G. , Burda Clemens , Shakya Reena , Hostnik Eric T. , Joseph Mathew , Ponsky Lee , Ponomarev Vladimir , Rosol Thomas J. , Tweedle Michael F. , Basilion James P.
Published: May 2023

Background

Male dogs can develop spontaneous prostate cancer, which is similar physiologically to human disease. Recently, Tweedle and coworkers have developed an orthotopic canine prostate model allowing implanted tumors and therapeutic agents to be tested in a more translational large animal model. We used the canine model to evaluate prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeted gold nanoparticles as a theranostic approach for fluorescence (FL) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of early stage prostate cancer.

Methods

Dogs (four in total) were immunosuppressed with a cyclosporine‐based immunosuppressant regimen and their prostate glands were injected with Ace‐1‐hPSMA cells using transabdominal ultrasound (US) guidance. Intraprostatic tumors grew in 4–5 weeks and were monitored by ultrasound (US). When tumors reached an appropriate size, dogs were injected intravenously (iv) with PSMA‐targeted nano agents (AuNPs‐Pc158) and underwent surgery 24 h later to expose the prostate tumors for FL imaging and PDT. Ex vivo FL imaging and histopathological studies were performed to confirm PDT efficacy.

Results

All dogs had tumor growth in the prostate gland as revealed by US. Twenty‐four hours after injection of PSMA‐targeted nano agents (AuNPs‐Pc158), the tumors were imaged using a Curadel FL imaging device. While normal prostate tissue had minimal fluorescent signal, the prostate tumors had significantly increased FL. PDT was activated by irradiating specific fluorescent tumor areas with laser light (672 nm). PDT bleached the FL signal, while fluorescent signals from the other unexposed tumor tissues were unaffected. Histological analysis of tumors and adjacent prostate revealed that PDT damaged the irradiated areas to a depth of 1–2 mms with the presence of necrosis, hemorrhage, secondary inflammation, and occasional focal thrombosis. The nonirradiated areas showed no visible damages by PDT.

Conclusion

We have successfully established a PSMA‐expressing canine orthotopic prostate tumor model and used the model to evaluate the PSMA‐targeted nano agents (AuNPs‐Pc158) in the application of FL imaging and PDT. It was demonstrated that the nano agents allowed visualization of the cancer cells and enabled their destruction when they were irradiated with a specific wavelength of light.
The structural analysis of the periplasmic domain of Sinorhizobium meliloti chemoreceptor McpZ reveals a novel fold and suggests a complex mechanism of transmembrane signaling
Authors: Salar Safoura , Ball Nicolas E. , Baaziz Hiba , Nix Jay C. , Sobe Richard C. , Compton K. Karl , Zhulin Igor B. , Brown Anne M. , Scharf Birgit E. , Schubot Florian D.
Published: May 2023

Chemotaxis is a fundamental process whereby bacteria seek out nutrient sources and avoid harmful chemicals. For the symbiotic soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, the chemotaxis system also plays an essential role in the interaction with its legume host. The chemotactic signaling cascade is initiated through interactions of an attractant or repellent compound with chemoreceptors or methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). S. meliloti possesses eight chemoreceptors to mediate chemotaxis. Six of these receptors are transmembrane proteins with periplasmic ligand‐binding domains (LBDs). The specific functions of McpW and McpZ are still unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of McpZ (McpZPD) at 2.7 Å resolution. McpZPD assumes a novel fold consisting of three concatenated four‐helix bundle modules. Through phylogenetic analyses, we discovered that this helical tri‐modular domain fold arose within the Rhizobiaceae family and is still evolving rapidly. The structure, offering a rare view of a ligand‐free dimeric MCP‐LBD, reveals a novel dimerization interface. Molecular dynamics calculations suggest ligand binding will induce conformational changes that result in large horizontal helix movements within the membrane‐proximal domains of the McpZPD dimer that are accompanied by a 5 Å vertical shift of the terminal helix toward the inner cell membrane. These results suggest a mechanism of transmembrane signaling for this family of MCPs that entails both piston‐type and scissoring movements. The predicted movements terminate in a conformation that closely mirrors those observed in related ligand‐bound MCP‐LBDs.
Effects of ginseng consumption on the biomarkers of oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren Qian , Lin Jie , Wang Hongya , Huang Mengting , Tan Xiaozhen , Huang Wei , Xu Yong
Published: May 2023

Oxidative stress (OS) is a key factor involved in the initiation and development of chronic diseases. Despite its widespread acceptance as an antioxidant, the effects of ginseng on OS in human clinical trials have not been comprehensively analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize the results of previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the impact of ginseng consumption on OS indicators. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles on the effects of ginseng consumption on oxidative stress markers up to March 20, 2023. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess effect sizes. Twelve RCTs with 15 effect sizes revealed that the effects of ginseng lowered serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: −0.87, −0.08; p = 0.03) and significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.45; p = 0.04), oxidative dismutase (SOD) (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.57; p < 0.0001), glutathione (GSH) (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.61; p = 0.005), and glutathione reductase (GR) (SMD = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.81; p < 0.0001) levels compared to the effects of placebo. However, the effects on serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were not significant. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on intervention duration showed that ginseng consumption increased GPx (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.78; p = 0.039) and CAT (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.21; p = 0.002) levels after more than 4 weeks of intervention. According to the results of this meta‐analysis, ginseng supplementation dramatically reduced MDA levels and increased TAC, SOD, GSH, and GR levels. Our results open up a new line of defense against oxidative stress‐induced diseases.
The efficacy of medicinal plant preparations in the alleviation of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Baharara Hamed , Rahsepar Sara , Emami Seyyed Ahmad , Elyasi Sepideh , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang , Ghavami Vahid , Rajendram Rajkumar , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Arasteh Omid
Published: May 2023

Radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients varies from mild irritation to life‐threatening lesions. Several studies suggest a role for topical corticosteroid ointments in the treatment of radiodermatitis. Yet, to avoid the adverse effects of corticosteroids, many authors recommend the use of topical herbal products instead. The therapeutic role of herbal treatments has yet to be fully understood. This systematic review evaluates the role of topical or oral herbal medicines in radiodermatitis prevention and treatment. A systematic search of four databases (Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) was performed without language and time restrictions from their inception until April 2023. The bibliographies of potential articles were also searched manually. Studies evaluated and compared the effects of herbal preparations with the control group, on dermatitis induced by radiotherapy for breast cancer. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the included studies. Thirty‐five studies were included in the systematic review. Studies which used herbal drugs including topical and oral formulations were evaluated. Herbal monotherapy and combination therapy were reported, and their effects on radiodermatitis were explained in the systematic review. In conclusion, henna ointments, silymarin gel, and Juango cream were reported to reduce the severity of radiodermatitis. These agents should be considered for radiodermatitis prophylaxis and treatment. The data on aloe gel and calendula ointment were conflicting. Further randomized controlled trials of herbal medications and new herbal formulations are required to determine their effects on breast cancer radiodermatitis.
Effects of public expenditure on education on gender inequality in education in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA)
Authors: Mbodji Yérim Codé
Published: May 2023

The study examines the effect of public education expenditures on gender inequality in education in sub‐Saharan Africa. It covers 25 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa for the period 2010–2019. The generalised method of moments was used. The estimator developed by Blundell and Bond was chosen. The following results are found: (i) public expenditure on education has a positive effect on gender equality in education at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels; (ii) remittances have a negative effect on gender equality in education at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels; (iii) population growth has a negative effect on gender equality in education at the primary and tertiary levels, but at the secondary level, the effect is positive. The main political implication is that sub‐Saharan African countries must continue to invest in inclusive school to ensure gender equality, which remains a goal to be achieved in the region.
Regulating the Electronic Structure of Bismuth Nanosheets by Titanium Doping to Boost CO2 Electroreduction and Zn–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Xu Aihao , Chen Xiangyu , Wei Dong , Chu Bingxian , Yu Meihua , Yin Xucai , Xu Jing
Published: May 2023

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (E‐CO2RR) to formate is a promising strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the global energy crisis. Developing low‐cost and environmentally friendly electrocatalysts with high selectivity and industrial current densities for formate production is an ideal but challenging goal in the field of electrocatalysis. Herein, novel titanium‐doped bismuth nanosheets (TiBi NSs) with enhanced E‐CO2RR performance are synthesized through one‐step electrochemical reduction of bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12). We comprehensively evaluated TiBi NSs using in situ Raman spectra, finite element method, and density functional theory. The results indicate that the ultrathin nanosheet structure of TiBi NSs can accelerate mass transfer, while the electron‐rich properties can accelerate the production of *CO2− and enhance the adsorption strength of *OCHO intermediate. The TiBi NSs deliver a high formate Faradaic efficiency (FEformate) of 96.3% and a formate production rate of 4032 µmol h−1 cm−2 at −1.01 V versus RHE. An ultra‐high current density of −338.3 mA cm−2 is achieved at −1.25 versus RHE, and simultaneously FEformate still reaches more than 90%. Furthermore, the rechargeable Zn–CO2 battery using TiBi NSs as a cathode catalyst achieves a maximum power density of 1.05 mW cm−2 and excellent charging/discharging stability of 27 h.
Au@Ag Nanopencil with Au Tip and Au@Ag Rod: Multimodality Plasmonic Nanoprobe based on Asymmetric Etching for the Detection of SCN− and ClO−
Authors: He Zhao , Zhu Jian , Li Xin , Weng Guo‐Jun , Li Jian‐Jun , Zhao Jun‐Wu
Published: May 2023

In this paper, Au@Ag nanopencil is designed as a multimodality plasmonic nanoprobe based on asymmetric etching for the detection of SCN− and ClO−. Au@Ag nanopencil with Au tip and Au@Ag rod is prepared by asymmetric tailoring of uniformly grown silver‐covered gold nanopyramids under the combined effect of partial galvanic replacement and redox reaction. By asymmetric etching in different systems, Au@Ag nanopencil exhibits diversified changes in the plasmonic absorption band: O2•− facilitated by SCN− etches Au@Ag rod from the end to the tip, causing a blue shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak as the aspect ratio decreases; while the ClO− can retain Au@Ag shell and etch Ag within rod from the tip to the end, causing a redshift of the LSPR peak as the coupling resonance weakens. Based on peak shifts in different directions, a multimodality detection of SCN− and ClO− has been established. The results demonstrate the detection limits of SCN− and ClO− are 160 and 6.7 nm, and the linear ranges are 1–600 µm and 0.05–13 µm, respectively. The finely designed Au@Ag nanopencil not only broadens the horizon of designing heterogeneous structures, but also enriches the strategy of constructing multimodality sensing platform.
Carbon‐Doped Nickle Via a Fast Decarbonization Route for Enhanced Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Shen Peiqi , Cao Pengcheng , Yu Yifan , Wang Lei , Zhao Lei , Yang Li , Lin Yunxiang , Xu Kun
Published: May 2023

Nickel (Ni) based materials with non‐metal heteroatom doping are competitive substitutes for platinum group catalyst toward alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). However, the incorporation of non‐metal atom into the lattice of conventional fcc phase Ni can easily trigger a structural phase transformation, forming hcp phase nonmetallic intermetallic compounds. Such tangle phenomenon makes it difficult to uncover the relationship between HOR catalytic activity and doping effect on fcc phase Ni. Herein, taking trace carbon doped Ni (C‐Ni) nanoparticles as an example, a new nonmetal doped Ni nanoparticles synthesized by a simple fast decarbonization route using Ni3C as precursor is presented, which provides an ideal platform to study the structure‐activity relationship between alkaline HOR performance and non‐metal doping effect toward fcc phase Ni. The obtained C‐Ni exhibits an enhanced alkaline HOR catalytic activity compared with pure Ni, approaching to commercial Pt/C. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy confirms that the trace carbon doping can modulate the electronic structure of conventional fcc phase nickel. Besides, theoretical calculations suggest that the introducing of C atoms can effectively regulate the d‐band center of Ni atoms, resulting in the optimized hydrogen absorption, thereby improving the HOR activity.
High‐Entropy Sulfides as Highly Effective Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lin Ling , Ding Ziming , Karkera Guruprakash , Diemant Thomas , Kante Mohana V. , Agrawal Daisy , Hahn Horst , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin , Fichtner Maximilian , Breitung Ben , Schweidler Simon
Published: May 2023

With respect to efficient use of diminishing or harder to reach energy resources, the catalysis of processes that will otherwise require high overpotentials is a very important application in today's world. As a newly developed class of materials, high‐entropy sulfides (HESs) are promising electrocatalysts for a variety of different reactions. In this report, HESs containing five or six transition metals are synthesized in a one‐step mechanochemical process. Seven HESs of Pnma (M:S≈1:1) and three Pa‐3 (M:S = 1:2) structures are investigated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The performances and properties of the HESs with different compositions and structures are compared with each other and with commercial IrO2 as reference material, in terms of OER overpotential, Tafel slope, electrochemically active surface area, ionic conductivity, and durability. The structural and chemical properties of these HESs are determined by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Most of the HESs show excellent and promising performance as OER electrocatalysts under alkaline conditions, and outperform the reference OER catalyst IrO2.
Making Lantaneae (Verbenaceae) taxonomy useful: A phylogenetic classification
Authors: O'Leary Nataly , Lu‐Irving Patricia , Moroni Pablo , Salimena Fátima R.G. , dos Santos Silva Tânia R. , Cardoso Pedro H. , Mirra Fabiana , Schaefer Juliana , Bedoya Ana M. , Viccini Lyderson F. , Bitencourt Cássia , Thode Verônica A. , Olmstead Richard G.
Published: May 2023

Recent phylogenetic results strongly suggest that neither Lantana nor Lippia are monophyletic. This has a direct impact on taxonomy and nomenclature in the tribe Lantaneae and it underscores the need to revise its classification. However, any generic recircumscription following the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants will require substantial nomenclatural changes. As a solution, a phylogenetic classification following the PhyloCode is applied to the whole Lantaneae, and 28 rank‐free names are proposed and defined for clades. Clade /Lantaneae is defined to exclude Coelocarpum. Traditional taxon names previously recognized at the ranks of tribe, genus, and section are maintained when associated with clades. Discussion about fruit and corolla morphology, the basis of most previous classifications, within the group is presented along with a key to the clades of /Lantaneae. A useful classification of the plant diversity in tribe Lantaneae consistent with the phylogenetic relationships within the group is provided. This rank‐free system promotes name stability as new data become available and avoids name changes to well‐known species.
Justice Under Lockdown
Authors: Pfitzner Naomi , Fitz-Gibbon Kate , Walklate Sandra , Meyer Silke , Segrave Marie
Published: May 2023

This chapter provides a cross-country exploration of policing and court responses to domestic and family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. While traditional policing and court response models were disrupted during the pandemic, many police forces and courts adapted their practices, building on already existing digital and remotely enabled options to ensure access to justice was maintained throughout the pandemic. Using empirical data from England and Wales as a case study, this chapter examines the ongoing viability of these options for the delivery of justice, especially for those experiencing DFV, and considers the preparedness of criminal justice systems for future crises.
Mangelernährung in der Inneren Medizin
Authors: Kaegi-Braun Nina , Gressies Carla , Tribolet Pascal , Stumpf Franziska , Keller Bettina , Schuetz Philipp
Published: May 2023

Krankheitsbedingte Mangelernährung hat starken Einfluss auf den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf und die Sterblichkeit, insbesondere bei chronisch kranken Patient*innen. In den letzten Jahren konnte in großen randomisierten Studien gezeigt werden, dass eine individuelle Ernährungstherapie das klinische Outcome von medizinischen Patient*innen mit einem Risiko für Mangelernährung im Krankenhaus und in der Nachsorge signifikant und relevant verbessert. Angesichts des steigenden Anteils multimorbider Patient*innen rücken deshalb die Mangelernährung sowie ihre Therapie in der Praxis und Forschung zunehmend in den Fokus. Ernährungsmedizin sollte heutzutage als effektiver und integraler Bestandteil einer ganzheitlichen Therapie in der Inneren Medizin betrachtet werden. Weitere Forschung ist aber notwendig, um neue Ernährungsbiomarker zu untersuchen und eine evidenzbasierte, personalisierte Ernährungsmedizin noch besser in den klinischen Alltag integrieren zu können.
High-throughput Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivation method for credentialing-based untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Favilli Lorenzo , Griffith Corey M. , Schymanski Emma L. , Linster Carole L.
Published: May 2023

Identifying metabolites in model organisms is critical for many areas of biology, including unravelling disease aetiology or elucidating functions of putative enzymes. Even now, hundreds of predicted metabolic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae remain uncharacterized, indicating that our understanding of metabolism is far from complete even in well-characterized organisms. While untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables the detection of thousands of features per analysis, many of these have a non-biological origin. Stable isotope labelling (SIL) approaches can serve as credentialing strategies to distinguish biologically relevant features from background signals, but implementing these experiments at large scale remains challenging. Here, we developed a SIL-based approach for high-throughput untargeted metabolomics in S. cerevisiae, including deep-48 well format-based cultivation and metabolite extraction, building on the peak annotation and verification engine (PAVE) tool. Aqueous and nonpolar extracts were analysed using HILIC and RP liquid chromatography, respectively, coupled to Orbitrap Q Exactive HF mass spectrometry. Of the approximately 37,000 total detected features, only 3–7% of the features were credentialed and used for data analysis with open-source software such as MS-DIAL, MetFrag, Shinyscreen, SIRIUS CSI:FingerID, and MetaboAnalyst, leading to the successful annotation of 198 metabolites using MS2 database matching. Comparable metabolic profiles were observed for wild-type and sdh1Δ yeast strains grown in deep-48 well plates versus the classical shake flask format, including the expected increase in intracellular succinate concentration in the sdh1Δ strain. The described approach enables high-throughput yeast cultivation and credentialing-based untargeted metabolomics, providing a means to efficiently perform molecular phenotypic screens and help complete metabolic networks.

Graphical abstract
Left Ventricle Size Correlates with Peak Exercise Capacity in Pediatric Cancer Survivors Exposed to Anthracycline Chemotherapy
Authors: Masood Imran Ross , Rezvan Panteha Hayati , Lee Kyuwan , Vervaet Helena , Kuo Christopher , Loss Karla , Menteer JonDavid , Souza Andrew , Freyer David , Su Jennifer A.
Published: May 2023

Cancer survivors exposed to anthracycline chemotherapy are at risk for developing cardiomyopathy, which may have delayed clinical manifestation. In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated the utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for detecting early cardiac disease in 35 pediatric cancer survivors by examining the associations between peak exercise capacity (measured via percent predicted peak VO2) and resting left ventricular (LV) function on echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). We additionally assessed the relationships between LV size on resting echocardiography or cMRI and percent predicted peak VO2 since LV growth arrest can occur in anthracycline-exposed patients prior to changes in LV systolic function. We found reduced exercise capacity in this cohort, with low percent predicted peak VO2 (62%, IQR: 53–75%). While most patients in our pediatric cohort had normal LV systolic function, we observed associations between percent predicted peak VO2 and echocardiographic and cMRI measures of LV size. These findings indicate that CPET may be more sensitive in manifesting early anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy than echocardiography in pediatric cancer survivors. Our study also highlights the importance of assessing LV size in addition to function in pediatric cancer survivors exposed to anthracyclines.
The role of circulating cell-free DNA as an inflammatory mediator after stroke
Authors: Roth Stefan , Wernsdorf Saskia R. , Liesz Arthur
Published: May 2023

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. Clinical and experimental studies highlighted the complex role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of stroke. Ischemic brain injury leads to the release of cell-free DNA, a damage-associated molecular pattern, which binds to pattern recognition receptors on immune cells such as toll-like receptors and cytosolic inflammasome sensors. The downstream signaling cascade then induces a rapid inflammatory response. In this review, we are highlighting the characteristics of cell-free DNA and how these can affect a local as well as a systemic response after stroke. For this purpose, we screened literature on clinical studies investigating cell-free DNA concentration and properties after brain ischemia. We report the current understanding for mechanisms of DNA uptake and sensing in the context of post-stroke inflammation. Moreover, we compare possible treatment options targeting cell-free DNA, DNA-sensing pathways, and the downstream mediators. Finally, we describe clinical implications of this inflammatory pathway for stroke patients, open questions, and potential future research directions.
High-speed phase-shifting incoherent digital holography (invited)
Authors: Tahara Tatsuki , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi
Published: May 2023

We propose high-speed incoherent digital holography with a recording speed of 1,000 fps, which is designed for the three-dimensional (3D) motion-picture measurement of moving objects with high temporal resolution. We adopt single-shot phase-shifting incoherent digital holography, a high-speed polarization-imaging camera system, and a palm-sized self-interference interferometer designed for spatially and temporally incoherent light, to implement a high-speed phase-shifting incoherent digital holography system. High-speed four-dimensional (4D) (3D and time) measurement capability is experimentally demonstrated, using the constructed incoherent digital holography system set on a wagon and a daily-use white-color light-emitting diode.
Incidence and spread pattern of lymph node metastasis from submandibular gland cancer
Authors: Tamagawa Kotaro , Otsuki Naoki , Shimoda Hikari , Morita Naruhiko , Furukawa Tatsuya , Teshima Masanori , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Nibu Ken-ichi
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To clarify the indication of neck dissection (ND) for patient with submandibular gland (SMG) cancer.

Methods

A total of 43 patients with SMG cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-one patients underwent ND: Levels I–V in 19 patients, Levels I–III in 18 patients, and Level Ib in 4 patients. The other two patients did not undergo ND, since preoperative diagnoses were benign. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 19 patients with positive surgical margin, high grade cancer or stage IV disease.

Results

LN metastases were pathologically confirmed in all patients with cN + and 6 out of 31 patients with cN–. No patients developed regional recurrence during follow-up periods. Ultimately, LN metastases were pathologically confirmed in 17 of 27 high grade, one out of 9 intermediate grade, but not in 7 low grade.

Conclusions

Prophylactic neck dissection should be considered in T3/4 and high grade SMG cancers.
Physical evidence of direct antagonistic interactions between trematodes in the host gut: the kiss of death?
Authors: Presswell Bronwen , Bennett Jerusha , Chai Xuhong , Poulin Robert
Published: May 2023

Although within-host competition among parasites if often assumed to occur based on statistical patterns, actual physical evidence of direct antagonistic interactions between parasites, either intraspecific or interspecific, is very rare. Here, we report such evidence between and within two species of hemiurid trematodes infecting the deep-sea grenadier fish Coryphaenoides subserrulatus. We found pairs of worms attached together, with one worm using its ventral sucker against another worm, and sucking out a large protuberance on the victim. We also found single worms showing clear signs of past attacks. There was no evidence that these interactions were more common at high intensities of infection, where the conditions would be expected to be more conducive to competitive interactions. Our findings provide evidence that trematodes may cause some harm to co-occurring individuals, suggesting a direct form of interference competition among intestinal helminths.
Diagnostic accuracy of frozen section biopsy for early gastric cancer extent during endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective study
Authors: Kobashi Mayu , Ishikawa Shigenao , Inaba Tomoki , Iwamuro Masaya , Aoyama Yuki , Kagawa Tomo , Takeuchi Yasuto , Ando Midori , Nakamura Satoko , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: May 2023

Background

Accurate diagnosis of the lateral extent of early gastric cancer during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is crucial to achieve negative resection margins. Similar to intraoperative consultation with a frozen section in surgery, rapid frozen section diagnosis with endoscopic forceps biopsy may be useful in assessing tumor margins during ESD. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section biopsy.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 32 patients undergoing ESD for early gastric cancer. Biopsy samples for the frozen sections were randomly collected from fresh resected ESD specimens before formalin fixation. Two different pathologists independently diagnosed 130 frozen sections as “neoplasia,” “negative for neoplasia,” or “indefinite for neoplasia,” and the frozen section diagnosis was compared with the final pathological results of the ESD specimens.

Results

Among the 130 frozen sections, 35 were from cancerous areas, and 95 were from non-cancerous areas. The diagnostic accuracies of the frozen section biopsies by the two pathologists were 98.5 and 94.6%, respectively. Cohen’s kappa coefficient of diagnoses by the two pathologists was 0.851 (95% confidence interval: 0.837–0.864). Incorrect diagnoses resulted from freezing artifacts, a small volume of tissue, inflammation, the presence of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with mild nuclear atypia, and/or tissue damage during ESD.

Conclusions

Pathological diagnosis of frozen section biopsy is reliable and can be applied as a rapid frozen section diagnosis for evaluating the lateral margins of early gastric cancer during ESD.
Regularity results for a free interface problem with Hölder coefficients
Authors: Esposito L. , Lamberti L.
Published: May 2023

We study a class of variational problems involving both bulk and interface energies. The bulk energy is of Dirichlet type albeit of very general form allowing the dependence from the unknown variableuand the positionx. We employ the regularity theory of$$\Lambda $$Λ-minimizers to study the regularity of the free interface. The hallmark of the paper is the mild regularity assumption concerning the dependence of the coefficients with respect toxanduthat is of Hölder type.
On the stationarity for nonlinear optimization problems with polyhedral constraints
Authors: di Serafino Daniela , Hager William W. , Toraldo Gerardo , Viola Marco
Published: May 2023

For polyhedral constrained optimization problems and a feasible point $$\textbf{x}$$
x
, it is shown that the projection of the negative gradient on the tangent cone, denoted $$\nabla _\varOmega f(\textbf{x})$$

∇
Ω

f

(
x
)

, has an orthogonal decomposition of the form $$\varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x}) + \varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})$$

β

(
x
)
+

φ

(
x
)

. At a stationary point, $$\nabla _\varOmega f(\textbf{x}) = \textbf{0}$$

∇
Ω

f

(
x
)

=
0

so $$\Vert \nabla _\varOmega f(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

∇
Ω

f

(
x
)

‖

reflects the distance to a stationary point. Away from a stationary point, $$\Vert \varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

β

(
x
)
‖

and $$\Vert \varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

φ

(
x
)
‖

measure different aspects of optimality since $$\varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x})$$

β

(
x
)

only vanishes when the KKT multipliers at $$\textbf{x}$$
x
have the correct sign, while $$\varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})$$

φ

(
x
)

only vanishes when $$\textbf{x}$$
x
is a stationary point in the active manifold. As an application of the theory, an active set algorithm is developed for convex quadratic programs which adapts the flow of the algorithm based on a comparison between $$\Vert \varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

β

(
x
)
‖

and $$\Vert \varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

φ

(
x
)
‖

.
Self-interest, positional concerns and distributional considerations in healthcare preferences
Authors: Daniel Aemiro Melkamu , van Exel Job , Chorus Caspar G.
Published: May 2023

Efficiently allocating scarce healthcare resources requires nuanced understanding of individual and collective interests as well as relative concerns, which may overlap or conflict. This paper is the first to empirically investigate whether and to what extent self-interest (SI), positional concerns (PC) and distributional considerations (DC) simultaneously explain individual decision making related to access to healthcare services. Our investigation is based on a stated choice experiment conducted in two countries with different healthcare systems, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). The choice experiment is on allocation of medical treatment waiting times for a hypothetical disease. We carry out the investigation under two different perspectives: (i) in a socially inclusive personal perspective decision makers were asked to choose between waiting time distributions for themselves and (ii) in a social perspective decision makers were asked to make similar choices for a close relative or friend of opposite gender. The results obtained by estimating a variety of advanced choice models indicate that DC, SI and PC, in this order of importance, are significant drivers of choice behaviour in our empirical context. These findings are consistent regardless of the choice perspective and the country where decision makers live. Comparing the results from different choice perspectives, we find that US respondents who chose for their close relative or friend attach significantly larger weight to their close relative’s or friend’s waiting times as well as to the overall distribution of waiting times than US respondents who chose for themselves. Looking at differences between countries, our results show that UK respondents who made choices for themselves placed significantly larger weight on SI and DC than US respondents, while US respondents, in turn, displayed relatively stronger but not significantly different positional concerns than UK respondents. In addition, we observe that UK respondents who chose for their close relative or friend put a larger weight on DC than their US counterparts. We conclude that the methodological (data collection and analysis) approach allows for disentangling the relative importance of the three motivations and discusses the potential implications of these findings for healthcare decision making.
Multiple tangent space projection for motor imagery EEG classification
Authors: Omari Sara , Omari Adil , Abderrahim Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Due to its non-invasiveness and easiness to implement, EEG signals decoding are in base of most based brain computer interfaces (BCI) studies. Given the non-stationary nature of these signals, a preprocessing phase is needed. An interesting idea to perform the preprocessing is the use of spatial covariance matrices. In the last years, spatial covariance matrices based preprocessing was extensively used in electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing and spatial filtering for Motor imagery (MI) BCI. Spatial covariance matrices lie in the Riemannian manifold of Symmetric Positive-Definite (SPD) matrices, therefore, the use of Riemannian geometry is attracting a lot of attention and showing to be simple, robust, and providing good performance. This paper explores the idea of enhancing the information provided to the classifier by the combination of different covariance matrices projections from their native Riemannian space to multiple class-depending tangent spaces. We demonstrate that this new approach provides a significant improvement in model accuracy.