bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reference Evaluation: A Three-Step Approach—Surveys, Unobtrusive Observations, and Focus Groups
Authors: Norlin Elaina
Published: June 2014

Traditional reference service, where the librarian gives the patron the right or wrong answer to a question, has slowly begun to change. With the emergence of electronic resources, digitalization, Web resources, and full text, many students need more of a consultation on where to get started than on which option is correct. Librarians at the University of Arizona Libraries strive to help students gain user sufficiency and information literacy. When on the reference desk, they tend to teach rather than do the work for the students. As the libraries are customer centered, it was decided to conduct an evaluation of its reference services. The evaluation involved using a combination of surveys, focus groups, and unobtrusive observation worksheets with a small sample of students. The results were very meaningful.
Electronic Journal Usage at Ohio State University
Authors: Rogers Sally A.
Published: June 2014

E-journal, printed journal, and database usage data from campus polls conducted annually, 1998–2000, at one large research university show increased use of e-journals and decreased use of printed journals by faculty and graduate students as the number of available e-journals increased from two hundred to more than three thousand. Little or no statistical correlation between age and frequency of use was found. The majority of frequent users of all three types of resources were from departments in the sciences. Transcripts from the 1998 poll provided insights into attitudes toward replacing printed journals with e-journals. The advantages and disadvantages mentioned were consistent with previous studies.
Selection for Digital Conversion in Academic Libraries
Authors: De Stefano Paula
Published: June 2014

Electronic technology has begun to change the way scholars conduct their research. Before this new approach to scholarly inquiry becomes a viable and productive method in institutions of higher learning, the existing resources that a scholar normally would use in the library must be converted to a digital format in order to be accessible electronically. How do academic libraries set about creating a body of knowledge and begin to convert traditional print collections to a digital format in order to satisfy what today’s researchers want? This article examines previous methods of selection and collection building, and applies those supporting principles to today’s collection-building efforts for digital collections.
University Library Directors in the Association of Research Libraries: The Next Generation, Part One
Authors: Hernon Peter , Powell Ronald R. , Young Arthur P.
Published: June 2014

Using multiple means of data collection, this study identifies the attributes that present and future directors of the academic libraries in the Association of Research Libraries need to possess. Present-day directors must possess a wide variety of attributes and are less likely to remain in the same position for as many years as their predecessors did. With the aging population of academic librarians, matching the right individual with the right institution is likely to be increasingly difficult in the future.
Selected Reference Books of 2000
Authors: McIlvaine Eileen
Published: June 2014

This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
Best-Sellers in Academic Libraries
Authors: Crawford Gregory A. , Harris Matthew
Published: June 2014

Libraries have important collection development decisions to make about best-sellers and popular culture materials. A selection of academic libraries was studied to follow the ownership of best-sellers from 1940 to 1990. The trend is to keep a higher percentage of older best-sellers in fiction than newer ones. Nonfiction appears to be more sporadic but still follows this basic trend. With the influx of popular culture studies, scholars potentially could lose valuable resources. From this study, libraries will see that a new set of collection development policies may need to be developed.
Electronic Resources: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing?
Authors: Schaffner Bradley L.
Published: June 2014

This article examines the impact of electronic technology on libraries and scholarship. It focuses on some of the challenges of using electronic resources in research libraries, which include the cost of acquiring electronic formats and the effect that such expenditures have on other library services and collection development practices. The article also explores how electronic resources have changed the way students and scholars conduct research. The goal of this essay is not to criticize or condemn electronic formats but, rather, to illustrate that electronic technology is simply one tool, among others, for the dissemination of information. As such, electronic resources should complement rather than replace other formats.
A Tool to Assess Journal Price Discrimination
Authors: Meyer Richard W.
Published: June 2014

This econometric study tests pricing practices of publishers and their monopoly power. It suggests that traditional publishers will retain their market clout as they shift to offering electronic publications. Librarians’ common experience with price discrimination was corroborated by a powerful model comparing prices charged to institutions while holding constant for production costs, source of publication, discipline areas, and the availability of titles in electronic format. The model also provides a robust selection tool to compare actual prices to model-predicted prices among the subscriptions within any given collection and to predict those that, statistically, are significantly overpriced. The study results reveal that commercial publishers are not the only ones that appear to over-price titles by a statistically significant amount. Campuses face continued increases in prices for traditional and electronic resources, but statistical modeling offers an opportunity for controlling costs.
Program Evaluation for Internship/Residency Programs in Academic and Research Libraries
Authors: Brewer Julie , Winston Mark D.
Published: June 2014

Academic libraries are turning increasingly to internship/residency programs to enhance their recruitment efforts. Yet, little evaluative information is available to measure the effectiveness of these programs or to justify funding for them. This article outlines the necessary components of an evaluation model for internship/residency programs based on a survey of academic library deans/directors and program coordinators. The study identifies the key evaluation factors that library administrators consider most important for measuring internship/residency programs, as well as the frequency, format, and sources of input for effective program evaluation.
Applying an Information Problem-solving Model to Academic Reference Work: Findings and Implications
Authors: Cottrell Janet R. , Eisenberg Michael B.
Published: June 2014

The usefulness of the Eisenberg–Berkowitz Information Problem-Solving model as a useful categorization for academic reference encounters is examined. Major trends in the data include a high proportion of questions about location and access of sources, a lack of synthesis or production activities, and a consistent presence of system problems (such as hardware problems) that impede the information-seeking process. The implications of these trends for the reference process, librarian training, and campus organization are discussed.
Usability of the Academic Library Web Site: Implications for Design
Authors: McGillis Louise , Toms Elaine G.
Published: June 2014

Today’s savvy library users are starting to equate the library Web site with the physical library. As they accomplish, virtually, many personal activities such as online shopping, banking, and news reading, they transfer those experiences to other activities in their lives. This increases their expectations about the functionality of a library Web site and how one interacts with it. The purpose of this study was twofold: to assess the usability of an academic library Web site and to better understand how faculty and students complete typical tasks using one. Thirty-three typical users successfully completed 75 percent of a set of typical tasks in about two minutes per task and were satisfied with the clarity and organization of the site. Despite their success in completing the tasks, however, they experienced difficulties in knowing where to start and with the site’s information architecture—in particular, with interpreting the categories and their labels. The authors concluded that library Web sites fail to take into account how people approach the information problem and often reflect traditional library structures.
The Changing Nature of Work in Academic Libraries
Authors: Lynch Beverly P. , Smith Kimberley Robles
Published: June 2014

A content analysis of 220 job advertisements that appeared in College & Research Libraries between 1973 and 1998 demonstrates that by 1998, all academic library jobs routinely included computer technologies, that instruction had become an integral part of reference work, and that behavioral skills, especially oral and written communication skills, had emerged as new job requirements. The master’s degree from a program accredited by the ALA continues to be widely accepted as the appropriate professional degree for academic librarians.
The Importance of Leadership Diversity: The Relationship between Diversity and Organizational Success in the Academic Environment
Authors: Winston Mark D.
Published: June 2014

In the academic community, efforts to foster diversity are generally supported by a rationale that relates to equity and changing societal demographics. Private sector research, however, indicates support for a rationale relating to overall organizational success. Such research forms the basis for the consideration of the relationship between diversity and organizational success in the academic environment. In addition, the research provides evidence that diversity continues to be valued in the private sector, which employs many of the graduates whose academic preparation is supported by the college or university library. This article presents the results of a research study involving diversity and organizational success in the academic environment. The results provide evidence that there is a relationship between diversity and organizational success and offers further support for the results of the prior research in this area, as well as offering data to enhance the rationale for the support of diversity efforts in the academic library community.
Instant Messaging Reference in an Academic Library: A Case Study
Authors: Foley Marianne
Published: June 2014

Most academic libraries offer some form of digital reference service through e-mail or Web forms. Now many libraries are moving toward an almost-immediate form of digital reference: instant messaging. During the 2000—2001 academic year, the General Libraries of the University at Buffalo conducted a pilot project to assess the feasibility of providing reference through instant messaging. The libraries used the popular “chat room” format and America Online s Instant Messenger software. This article describes the project, its implementation, the software used, staffing issues, and publicity efforts. It also discusses the results of the project in terms of user demographics, satisfaction levels, usage statistics, patron comments, and librarian feedback. Finally, the article offers conclusions about offering instant messaging reference in a large academic library.
Music Libraries: Centralization versus Decentralization
Authors: Kuyper-Rushing Lois
Published: June 2014

Branch libraries, in general, and music libraries, in particular, have struggled with the decision concerning centralization for more than a hundred years. Decentralized collections, those located in the music school or department, are favored by some because of their proximity to the classroom and the private lesson studio. However, proponents of a centralized location (where the collection is held in the main library facility) point out that the collection can be cared for more effectively if it is located in the main library. For this study, the Association of Research Libraries was surveyed concerning the location of their music libraries. Possible motivations for choosing one location or the other were explored, including degrees offered, size of the music collection, and overall budget of the music library.
Managing Meaning: Language and Technology in Academic Libraries
Authors: Coffey Daniel , Lawson Karen
Published: June 2014

Professionals in academe today are faced with an ever-increasing number of technological advances, and few feel the effects of these changes more than library professionals. With each change comes a new vocabulary that has the potential to cause communication rifts between departments in academic libraries. Through a comprehensive literature review and a selective survey of administrators of information technology, public services, and technical services in academic libraries belonging to the Association of Research Libraries, the authors show how the new terminology has affected communication among professionals in these positions, specifically in the context of technological decision-making, and ideas are put forth for ways to overcome this problem.
A Comparative Study of Library Surveys of Internet Users at Seton Hall University in 1998 and 2001
Authors: Bao Xue-Ming
Published: June 2014

This article compares data collected in library surveys of Internet users at Seton Hall University in 1998 and 2001. The aim of the comparison is to provide information on changes in library users’ Internet use behavior, satisfaction levels, and problems in using the Internet. The response distribution of the people in different categories represents the population of Seton Hall University in approximate proportions in both surveys. This article discusses the challenges that were met with visible, moderate, and no improvements. It points out what remains to be the major challenge for librarians.
Perceptions and Practices of Learning Styles in Library Instruction
Authors: Dalrymple Connie
Published: June 2014

Learning style theory has gained a broad base of acceptance in the library field. Less clear is how well librarians have assimilated learning style theory and how consciously they are incorporating its tenets into their day-to-day teaching. This survey was conducted to ascertain how instruction librarians and other library professionals learn, assimilate, and utilize learning style theory. Results show that the majority of librarians are aware of learning style theory, but many are unsure of its validity or proper application in library settings. Recommendations include increased coverage of instructional theory in library schools and more rigorous scientific studies of learning style–sensitive practice in library instruction settings.
From Scraps to Reams: A Survey of Printing Services in Academic Libraries
Authors: Ashmore Beth , Morris Sara E.
Published: June 2014

The growing number of electronic resources available in libraries has led to the adoption of printing as an integral part of library services. However, the high costs associated with providing printing have led many libraries to charge a printing fee. This article explores how academic libraries in the Southeastern United States are grappling with providing printing services both economically and equitably. The research finds that nearly half of the libraries surveyed are currently charging for printing, with another quarter considering charging in the future. Although no institutional characteristics appear to accompany a printing fee, the research finds that extensive planning and campuswide collaboration are essential components for the successful implementation of a fee-based printing system.
The Cost Function and Scale Economies in Academic Research Libraries
Authors: Liu Lewis Guodo
Published: June 2014

This empirical research examined scale economies of academic research libraries that belong to the Association of Research Libraries and developed a total cost function for estimating economies of scale. The author argues that libraries in general, and academic research libraries in particular, are information provision organizations that provide multiproducts and multiservices and points out that some previous studies that used the production function have limitations due to the fact that this function only permits a single-output variable. This investigation incorporated a wide range of collections and service output variables into the total cost function. The regression results show that the R square of the cost function model is .8142 and that the coefficients of three very important output variables (volumes held, serials, and group presentations) are statistically significant at high confidence levels. The findings of this research show that the function coefficient is .93, indicating that slight economies of scale exist in academic research libraries.
The Ownership of Religious Texts by Academic Libraries
Authors: Harris Matthew , Crawford Gregory A.
Published: June 2014

This study examined the ownership of religious texts within academic libraries that were members of the Associated College Libraries of Central Pennsylvania (ACLCP). Texts from the Christian, Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist, Hindu, Morman, Ba’hai, Christian Scientist, Scientology, and Satanic faiths were included. The ACLCP Union Catalog was searched to find ownership of the specific texts in both English and their original languages. The results showed that most of the texts in English were indeed owned by the libraries included in the study, whereas the texts in their original languages were generally not owned. Due to the growing religious diversity of the students, faculty, staff, and community users of these libraries, ownership of religious texts has become more important in order to serve these individuals more fully.
Selected Reference Books of 2000–2002
Authors: McIlvaine Eileen
Published: June 2014

This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than sixty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AA604) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
Bridging the Knowledge Gap between Secondary and Higher Education
Authors: Ercegovac Zorana
Published: June 2014

This article suggests several intersections for possible collaboration among different educational levels and disciplines. It describes some of the collaborative work between a physics teacher and a librarian at a high school level. In particular, science-integrated information literacy competencies have been selected that may easily be mapped to, and extended for, higher education. The paper concludes with directions for further study and a crossover between information literacy standards for secondary schools and colleges.
Using a Professional Moderator in Library Focus Group Research
Authors: Shoaf Eric C.
Published: June 2014

Brown University Library hired a professional marketing and opinion research firm to conduct focus group meetings with library users and to provide data analysis. The discussion includes a review of the library literature on focus group use, practical aspects of focus group methodology, and the benefits of employing professionals where librarian expertise is low. Logistics of focus group preparation, meetings, and report are discussed. Findings and lessons learned are presented along with outcomes for the library.
Succession: The Next Ones at Bat
Authors: Curran William M.
Published: June 2014

Throughout North America, more than 83,866 librarians will soon reach the age of 65 and will be taking, or plan to take, retirement. The exodus of practicing librarians will result in a severe shortage. With the departure of the older baby boomers, a serious collective loss is imminent in terms of experience and expertise because there are few experienced, trained, middle-level managers, supervisors, and administrators within the “middle” age group of librarians who could ensure appropriate succession in the libraries following such a massive retirement exodus.
Building Preservation: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Stacks Assessment
Authors: Teper Thomas H. , Atkins Stephanie S.
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the results of two collection assessments conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The library s Preservation Committee completed the first assessment and reported its results in College & Research Libraries in 1989. The second assessment was completed in 2002 and accompanies the institution’s initiative to establish the library’s first centralized preservation and conservation program. Both assessments focused on the central stacks collection, a repository collection serving the institution’s forty-two branch and departmental libraries. Although a reanalysis of the first assessment s data was impossible, the authors attempted to draw comparisons between the two assessments’ results. After thirteen years without a preservation program and without any significant facilities improvements, the results provide insight into the results of deferred collections care and facilities maintenance and offer guidance for conducting similar studies with other research library collections.
Book Availability Revisited: Turnaround Time for Recalls versus Interlibrary Loans
Authors: Gregory David J. , Pedersen Wayne A.
Published: June 2014

Librarians typically view interlibrary loan (ILL) as a means of providing access to items not owned by the local institution. However, they are less likely to explore ILL’s potential in providing timely access to items locally owned, but temporarily unavailable, particularly in the case of monographs in circulation. In a two-part study, the authors test the assumption that, on average, locally owned books that a patron finds unavailable (due to checkout) can be obtained more quickly via recall than via ILL. Phase 1 of this study establishes an average turnaround time for circulation recalls in a large academic library for comparison with well-established turnaround times for ILL borrowing transactions. In Phase 2, a more rigorous paired study of recalls and ILL compares the ability of each system to handle identical requests in real time. Results demonstrate that, under some circumstances, ILL provides a reasonable alternative to the internal recall process. The findings also underscore the need for more holistic, interservice models for improving not just access, but also the timeliness of access, to monograph collections.
Assessing Collection Usefulness: An Investigation of Library Ownership of the Resources Graduate Students Use
Authors: Smith Erin T.
Published: June 2014

A two-phase assessment tool was developed for evaluating the “fit” of the University of Georgia Libraries’ collections with the needs of their patrons. First, a citation analysis of a sample of 2001 theses and dissertations revealed the specific titles and materials used by a disciplinary cross section of graduate students. Second, searches were conducted in the OPAC and in electronic resources to determine library ownership of those cited works. The process then was repeated with a sample of graduate works completed in 1991 in order to investigate whether the further stretching of library budgets due to the influx of electronic resources has had an impact on the usefulness of the overall collection.
Information Literacy and Student Engagement: What the National Survey of Student Engagement Reveals about Your Campus
Authors: Mark Amy E. , Boruff-Jones Polly D.
Published: June 2014

The annual National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) measures undergraduate “participation in programs and activities that institutions provide for their learning and personal development.”1 Each item on the survey correlates to one of five benchmarks of “empirically confirmed ‘good practices’ in undergraduate education.”2 The NSSE is an excellent diagnostic fit with the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education because learning outcomes can be correlated with student engagement. This article presents case studies from the University of Mississippi and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis to demonstrate how librarians can apply NSSE results for the purpose of assessment.3
Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Library Anxiety Scale
Authors: Van Kampen Doris J.
Published: June 2014

This article reports on the development and validation of the Multidimensional Library Anxiety Scale, which was designed to assess six dimensions of an individual’s perception of an academic library and the information search process (ISP). A two-part study was undertaken for the development of the instrument. In part one, twenty-one participants completed a pilot questionnaire that assisted the researcher in developing the instrument. In part two, 278 participants completed a revised questionnaire consisting of a 54-item Likert-type scale that assessed levels of library anxiety experienced by students enrolled in a doctoral degree–granting program at an urban southeastern university.
Reviews of Independent Press Books in Counterpoise and Other Publications
Authors: Dilevko Juris , Dali Keren
Published: June 2014

Although Counterpoise claims that it reviews books that are reviewed by other publications either infrequently or not at all, almost three-quarters of the books (74.7%) reviewed by Counterpoise are reviewed by a wide variety of other publications, including popular magazines and newspapers. Four core library review tools (Booklist, Choice, Library Journal, and Publishers Weekly) review 48.2 percent of all book titles reviewed by Counterpoise, and their reviews are favorable 74.4 percent of the time. Of the books not reviewed anywhere else except Counterpoise, more than half fall into six Library of Congress classification categories, including E (History: America), HQ (The family. Marriage. Women), HV (Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology), and HD (Industries. Land use. Labor). In addition, there is a subset of titles that are frequently and positively reviewed by popular and academic publications, but not by reviewing journals commonly used by librarians.
The Life of the Mind: A Study of Faculty Spaces in Academic Libraries
Authors: Engel Debra , Antell Karen
Published: June 2014

The value of the academic library as “place” in the university community has recently been debated in the popular and scholarly library literature, but the debate centers on student use of library space rather than faculty use. This study addresses the issue of faculty use of library space by investigating the use of “faculty spaces”—individual, enclosed, lock-able carrels or studies—through a series of interviews with faculty space holders at the University of Oklahoma and a survey of ARL libraries. Both elements of the investigation show that faculty spaces are heavily used and highly valued by faculty members, especially those in the social sciences and humanities. The researchers present the results of the interviews and the survey, and explore the reasons for the continuing value of faculty spaces in the age of electronic information.
Global English in the Humanities? A Longitudinal Citation Study of Foreign-Language Use by Humanities Scholars
Authors: Kellsey Charlene , Knievel Jennifer E.
Published: June 2014

The authors counted 16,138 citations within 468 articles found in four journals from history, classics, linguistics, and philosophy in the years 1962, 1972, 1982, 1992, and 2002 in order to identify trends in foreign-language citation behavior of humanities scholars over time. The number of foreign-language sources cited in the four subjects has not declined over time. Consistent levels of foreign-language citation from humanities scholars indicate a need for U.S. research libraries to continue to purchase foreign-language materials and to recruit catalogers and collection development specialists with foreign-language knowledge.
A Study of the Residual Impact of the Texas Information Literacy Tutorial on the Information-Seeking Ability of First Year College Students
Authors: Orme William A.
Published: June 2014

The study discussed in this paper investigated the residual impact of the Web-based tutorial known as the Texas Information Literacy Tutorial (TILT) on first-year college students and their ability to perform tasks related to information research. Unique to this study is the investigation of ability beyond the semester in which instruction was provided. The study examined four groups of students, each of which received a different type of information skills instruction. Results and implications are discussed at the end of the article.
Is the Revolution Over? Gender, Economic, and Professional Parity in Academic Library Leadership Positions
Authors: Deyrup Marta Mestrovic
Published: June 2014

This article examines recent statistics provided by the government and the library profession concerning gender, professional, and economic parity among academic library directors. The results revealed that women now hold the majority of library directorships and that women’s economic compensation in some cases exceeds that of their male counterparts. The author conducted a two-part survey that looked at the gender of chief administrators at Carnegie doctoral/research extensive university libraries, these institutions’ geographical location and funding mechanism, and the libraries’ mission/vision statements and organizational hierarchies. Little difference was found between men and women in almost all areas examined. The findings of Hernon, Powell, and Young, which were published in the January 2002 issue of College & Research Libraries, also were examined. The author asks whether the revolution is indeed over and what it might signify for the profession.
The Academic Library as a Gateway to the Internet: An Analysis of the Extent and Nature of Search Engine Access from Academic Library Home Pages
Authors: Wright Carol A.
Published: June 2014

Academic libraries have the opportunity through their Web pages to present to the university community recommended sites and appropriate techniques for searching the Internet. But in the design and organization of home pages, academic libraries often provide inadequate navigational paths to sites that provide search engine selection and evaluation criteria. The author conducted a study of the home pages of 114 academic libraries that belong to the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) to determine their paths to Internet search engines. This paper presents the study results and makes recommendations for improvement.
Assessing Marketing Literature: A Study of the Readings Assigned in Doctoral Seminars in Marketing
Authors: Joswick Kathleen E. , Bauerly Ronald J. , Johnson Don T.
Published: June 2014

The researchers analyzed the assigned readings from the syllabi of doctoral marketing seminars from forty institutions to identify the format, age, and subjects of the materials assigned to and read by graduate students in the field. The overwhelming majority of the assigned readings were journal articles, but monographic material was still frequently used. A relatively small number of journal titles were used consistently across all the programs. There was a distinct lack of agreement on individual article or book selection among the programs. Current resources were favored, but seminal articles in both monographic and serial format were still included. Implications of the findings for libraries and for doctoral education are discussed.
Print versus Electronic Journal Use in Three Sci/Tech Disciplines: What’s Going On Here?
Authors: Siebenberg Tammy R. , Galbraith Betty , Brady Eileen E.
Published: June 2014

In 2003, an evaluation of journal use statistics at Washington State University was undertaken to determine if the selection of electronic journals in the Owen Science and Engineering Library was changing student and researchers’ choice of journals. Use statistics showed that most print journals were being used more than they were prior to the advent of electronic journals. Generally, electronic journals were used heavily and the availability of electronic format greatly enhanced the total use of most titles. However, some electronic journals were used little or not at all, and there was a substantial increase in the use of some print titles.
Fair Use and Beyond: The Status of Copyright Limitations and Exceptions in the Commonwealth of Independent States
Authors: Pilch Janice T.
Published: June 2014

Fair-use and other free-use limitations and exceptions in national copyright laws maintain a balance between the individual interests of creators of works and other copyright holders, and the public interest in fostering a culturally productive exchange of information and ideas. The status of fair use and free use has come into question in recent years, in part by the rapid pace of technological change, which has led to laws favoring new modes of information management. This article discusses fair-use and other copyright limitations and exceptions in an international context and their origins in international conventions, treaties, and agreements. It then offers a comparative analysis of the limitations and exceptions found in the current copyright laws of the twelve nations comprising the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), highlighting the range of limitations and exceptions found in the CIS statutes and the differences among the laws of those nations. In the current climate of change in global copyright legislation, this article provides broad perspective in an area that is of increasing relevance to the aims of academic and research libraries internationally.
Web Communications and Collections Outreach to Faculty
Authors: Hahn Karla L. , Schmidt Kari
Published: June 2014

A library’s Web site can provide a powerful forum for communicating with users about changes occurring in local collecting practices and their relationship to larger issues of scholarly communication. This survey of SPARC member Web sites examines how information on collection changes and scholarly communication issues is presented. Although a few institutions use their Web sites to inform users and connect the local and the global, most present little or no informationon these topics. When collections information is present, it usually appears on either dedicated collections pages or faculty services pages. Typically, collections pages focus on largely static information describing services and policies. Information on changes in collection building is uncommon. Scholarly communication information is even scarcer and is rarely linked to information on local collection development or management.
The 2004 User Survey at the University of Hong Kong Libraries
Authors: Woo Helen
Published: June 2014

An online user survey, with the option to complete in the print format, was conducted between February 9 and February 22, 2004. The aim of the survey was for users to evaluate the performance of the main library and the six branch libraries, to identify any performance gaps, and to find out user preferences for print and electronic materials. A total of 2,564 returns were received. The results showed that 68.8 percent of the respondents prefer to use journals online compared to 31.2 percent who prefer to use print journals; and 71.8 percent of the respondents prefer to use printed books compared to 28.2 percent who prefer to use electronic books. Eighty-eight pages of written comments were received covering a wide array of issues.
Setting the Record Straight: How Online Database Providers Are Handling Plagiarism and Fabrication Issues
Authors: Cosgrove John , Norelli Barbara , Putnam Elizabeth
Published: June 2014

As a result of several well-publicized media scandals involving plagiarism and outright fabrication, the authors question whether online database providers are appending or linking corrections to original stories. Unfortunately, in most cases, the answer is no. In this study of how some major database providers (EBSCO, LexisNexis, ProQuest, and Thomson/Gale) handle highly publicized cases of plagiarism and fabrication, only LexisNexis was found to append corrections, and even then inconsistently. Databases are not alone in this oversight; even the Web sites of the publications involved were unreliable in their treatment of corrections of their own articles.
The Importance of the Stakeholder in Performance Measurement: Critical Processes and Performance Measures for Assessing and Improving Academic Library Services and Programs
Authors: Harer John B. , Cole Bryan R.
Published: June 2014

This Delphi study identified the critical processes and performance measures of quality that can serve as a framework for new measures for assessing quality in academic library services and programs. These critical processes and performance measures were developed utilizing the structure and criteria of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award’s 1999 Education Criteria for Performance Excellence. A panel of experts from the library profession was selected to participate in a Delphi panel to determine the importance of a list of critical processes and performance measures relevant to measuring quality in academic libraries. The processes and performance measures were identified through a review of the literature and in consultation with a review panel of professional librarians. The results of the study showed that a student, faculty, and stakeholder focus was the most important aspect of academic library programs and services for ensuring quality.
Communication in the Sciences as Seen through Physics and Chemistry: A Look at the Complex Relationship between Author, Publisher, and Distributor as They Relate to the Reader
Authors: Armstrong William W.
Published: June 2014

Writing has long been the primary means of communicating in the sciences, yet the nature of the written word is rapidly changing as we enter a new era of electronic communications and virtual realities. This article examines some of these changes, particularly as they pertain to the disciplines of chemistry and physics and, most important, within the scope of the complex relationship between authors, publishers, and distributors (distributors in this case being academic libraries). This examination involves looking at changes within this triumvirate, the relationship each of the three has with the other, and ramifications of the changes as we peer into the near future. The three members of the triumvirate are intricately and inextricably bound together, and problems that occur within any one component will inevitably affect the others, imperiling the relationship between writer and reader. Such potential problems are brought to light in this article.
The Proportion of NUC Pre-56 Titles Represented in OCLC WorldCat
Authors: Beall Jeffrey , Kafadar Karen
Published: June 2014

This article describes a research project that included a designed experiment and statistical analysis to sample and estimate the proportion of records in the 754 volumes of the National Union Catalog Pre-56 Imprints (Mansell) that also appear in OCLC WorldCat. The authors randomly selected a sample of records from Mansell and then searched the records in OCLC WorldCat. The results show that 72.2 percent of the records in Mansell were found in WorldCat and 27.8 percent of the sampled Mansell records were not (95% confidence interval [26%, 30%]). Because a significant proportion of works held by libraries is not found in OCLC WorldCat, Mansell remains a valuable library resource.
Science Fiction Collections in ARL Academic Libraries
Authors: Mulcahy Kevin P.
Published: June 2014

This study assesses the extent to which ARL academic libraries collect science fiction novels. A core list of 200 novels, published between 1950 and 2000, that have either won science fiction awards or been cited on “best” lists were checked against the holdings of 112 ARL libraries. Findings suggest that science fiction is not extensively collected at most libraries studied. The study also assesses differences in how novels are collected by date and by nationality and gender of author. To support in-depth and serious research in a field of increasing scholarly interest, libraries may need to reconsider their collecting practices.
Publication Patterns of U.S. Academic Librarians from 1998 to 2002
Authors: Wiberley Stephen E. , Hurd Julie M. , Weller Ann C.
Published: June 2014

This study examines the contributions of U.S. academic librarians to the peer-reviewed literature of library and information science (LIS). Compared to the authors’ study of thirty-two journals for 1993–1997, the present study finds that for 1998–2002, there were declines in the total number of refereed articles (almost 4%), number of refereed articles by academic librarians (almost 13%), proportion of refereed articles by academic librarians (just over 4%), proportion of academic librarian authors (almost 3%), and proportion of coauthored articles by academic librarians (almost 4%). Because different factors influence rates of authorship in a given set of journals and these rates tend to fluctuate in the short term, only further investigation can assess whether the declines are momentary or the start of a trend. Approximately 7 percent of academic librarians wrote three or more articles. The twenty most productive libraries published more than 10 percent of all refereed articles in the thirty-two journals and nearly one-third of the articles by academic librarians.
Virtual Reference Training: The Second Generation
Authors: Westbrook Lynn
Published: June 2014

First-generation digital reference training centered on technology, policies, procedures, and basic online communication tactics. Recent research and theoretical developments in adult education, digital communication, cognitive psychology, and human–computer interaction can move digital reference training into its second generation. Synthesizing current interdisciplinary developments, this paper presents four overarching guidelines and essential training principles for each stage of the reference interview.
Multimedia Learning Theories and Online Instruction
Authors: Tempelman-Kluit Nadaleen
Published: June 2014

Online library instruction has not traditionally been designed based on educational learning theories. Rather, much of it has been designed in the structure and format of print, with little thought given to the pedagogical approaches that support Web-based earning. Several relevant multimedia learning theories are surveyed in this article and compared with two versions of the same library tutorial—an HTML tutorial, and a streaming audio and video tutorial.
If You Build It, Will They Learn? Assessing Online Information Literacy Tutorials
Authors: Lindsay Elizabeth Blakesley , Cummings Lara , Johnson Corey M. , Scales B. Jane
Published: June 2014

With the support of an internal grant, the Washington State University Library Instruction Department was able to undertake an assessment program to measure the use and effectiveness of online tutorials built by the department. Students viewed four of the tutorial products and were asked to perform tasks using these tutorials. They also answered a number of questions designed to garner information about attitudes, usage patterns and perceptions of library resources and services. Results of the assessment activities and future plans for improving and expanding our tutorial offerings are discussed.
Tracking Cross-Disciplinary Information Use by Author Affiliation: Demonstration of a Method
Authors: Ortega Lina , Antell Karen
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we report the results of a bibliometric study in which we track cross-disciplinary citation behavior in the sciences. We hypothesize that cross-disciplinary citation in the sciences increased over the time period 1985–2000. Unlike most previous studies in this area, we assign discipline to a paper by its first author’s affiliation, and we hypothesize that assigning papers to disciplines based on first-author affiliation would yield results consistent with previous findings on cross-disciplinary citation rates in the sciences. Using the output of scientists in Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Physics departments at 12 large research universities in 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000 as our data set, we measure the cross-disciplinary citation rates of each discipline and compare our results to the findings of previous studies in this area.
Toward a Formula-Based Model for Academic Library Funding: Statistical Significance and Implications of a Model Based upon Institutional Characteristics
Authors: Allen Frank R. , Dickie Mark
Published: June 2014

This study tests the hypothesis that a positive relationship exists between academic library funding (dependent variable) and selected institutional variables taken as indicators of the demand for library services at the university (enrollment, number of doctoral programs, doctoral degrees awarded, number of faculty, select other institutional characteristics). The research employs 11 years of longitudinal data from 113 members of the Association of Research Libraries to create a multiple regression model. Empirical results indicate that operational indicators of the demand for library services are positively associated with funding, and most of the associations are statistically significant at the five percent level or less in two tail tests. In a corollary finding, libraries associated with private universities in the United States spend 21 percent more than their public counterparts, while Canadian university libraries spend 21 percent less than U.S. public university libraries. The presence of a medical school is associated with an 8.6 percent greater expenditure, and the presence of a law school is associated with a 12.3 percent greater expenditure. The study suggests that this formula may be useful as a tool for library funding and assessment of adequacy of library budgets.
Selected Reference Works, 2006
Authors: Witte Sarah , Cargill Mary
Published: June 2014

This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
Does Open Access Really Make Sense? A Closer Look at Chemistry, Economics, and Mathematics
Authors: Navin John C. , Starratt Jay
Published: June 2014

This article briefly reviews concepts and models associated with open access publishing. It provides a set of data about the frequency of public funding support for research published in leading journals in the disciplines of Chemistry, Economics, and Mathematics. Funding differences by discipline are highlighted. The authors’ intent is not to draw broad conclusions but simply to inform the wider discussion of open access.