bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corn Belt as an Enterprise-Naming Custom in the United States
Authors: Sublett Michael D.
Published: November 2021

Enterprises, be they for-profit businesses or not-for-profit organizations, require names to differentiate themselves from other entities. Over a span of more than a hundred years entrepreneurs, corporate boards, and organizational founders have chosen to use Corn Belt or some spelling variant to identify their enterprises, perhaps believing that naming after this admired agricultural region will bless their enterprise with its longevity, productivity, and favorable image. This essay looks at the beginnings of Corn Belt as a vernacular term for an agricultural region, picks up the earliest uses of Corn Belt as an inspiration for enterprise names, tracks Corn Belt enterprises through time at one of the core locations of the naming practice, and presents the enterprises that in 2020 greeted the public with Corn Belt in their names.
Assessment Of Anxiety In Patients Attending Baqai Dental Teaching Hospital Karachi-A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Wali Aisha , Ali Syed Abrar , Siddiqui Talha M , Farzand Mahnoor , Malik Laraib
Published: November 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the anxiety levels in patients visiting Dental teaching Hospital by using Corah Dental anxiety scale. (DAS) Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending Out Patient Department of Oral Diagnosis Baqai Dental College between June 2017 - Jan 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used for the study purpose. The sample population included patients attending OPD of Oral Diagnosis Department for routine dental checkups, scaling, filling, root canal treatment and extraction. Descriptive statistics were obtained and the mean standard deviation was calculated. Chi-square test was done to compare association of dental anxiety among male and female patients visiting Baqai Dental College. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version22). Results: Based on severity of dental anxiety, 46.4% , 34.8% and 15.2% males were found to be moderately, highly and extremely anxious respectively whereas 53.6% , 65.2% and 84.8% females were found to be moderately , highly and extremely anxious. Conclusion: The present study concluded that female patients were found to be more anxious than males. Therefore dental surgeons should take adequate measures to manage level of dental anxiety amongst patients visiting dental teaching hospitals of Karachi
The Triad Of PCOS, Infertility And Metformin
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Karim Nasim , Ainuddin Jahan Ara
Published: November 2021

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is now considered as a complicated disease of endocrine system. It is found in 5- 10% of women of fertile age group. It was initially considered as a reproductive disorder in women. Studies in recent past have documented that PCOS is a metabolic syndrome and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It is also transferred genetically, an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. Since role of insulin resistance has been identified as a main culprit in the development of PCOS therefore use of insulin sensitizers to treat PCOS seems logical. Insulin sensitizer such as metformin is a therapeutic option that targets not only insulin resistance present in this syndrome but several other aspects especially reproductive abnormalities such as infertility, which is a major problem of concern for women of reproductive age. This review attempts to cover the use of metformin in PCOS infertile women
Effect Of Citrullus Lanatus Juice On Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cells And Liver Enzyme; An Experimental Study
Authors: Ali Shahid , Sultana Nuzhat , Abbas Muslim , Naz Zareen , Hassan Muhammad Akbar , Abid Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine effect of citrullus lanatus juice on hemoglobin and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level. Study design and setting: It was an experimental study conducted on healthy rabbits for sixty days in the research department of pharmacy University of Karachi. Methodology: Current study was planned to evaluate effect of Citrullus lanatus juice on red blood cells, hemoglobin and liver enzyme. 60 days study was performed at 2 different doses i.e 3and 6ml/kg on rabbits. These rabbits were from either gender and were divided into 3 groups their weight ranges from 1200 to 1800 grams. Group A is control group (Normal saline 6ml/kg), Group B is treated group (3 ml/kg), Group C is treated group (6ml/kg). After taking mean of all values they are compared with control group. Significance of mean can be estimated by Tukes Post Hoc Test. P<0.05 estimated as significant. Results: It was found that count of red blood cells rises significantly along with rise in hemoglobin level. As far as liver enzyme serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was concerned its concentration decreases slightly. Conclusion: Citrullus lanatus juice contain ingredients which are important for RBC hemoglobin and synthesis .It also contains important antioxidants that have organoprotective role due to which SGPT level decreases even in healthy animals as compared to control groups
Awareness Of Medical Students Regarding Periodontal Disease In Diabetic Patients In A Private Dental College of Karachi
Authors: Fatima Natasha , Mazhar Saima , Ahmed Mushtaq , Aslam Umair
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of periodontal disease among medical students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC) while treating diabetic patients. Study design and Setting: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC) Karachi. Methodology: This study included participants currently studying in 3rd, 4th and final year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in BUMDC Karachi. Questionnaire was divided into two parts, in the first part, demographic details and year of study were asked, in the second part, questions regarding diabetes mellitus and its complications were included. Total of 384 participants participated in the study and the data was statistically analyzed using responses SPSS version 23. Results: All the participants successfully completed the questionnaire so the response rate was 100% in this study. From 384 participants, 37% were male and 63% were female. The majority of the students were aged between 22-23 years. About 64.1% of respondents thought that they were aware of periodontal disease in diabetic patients whereas only 19.5% individual had knowledge of periodontitis. Also around 44% of medical students could not specify clinical manifestations in periodontitis and only 48.4% participants could state the periodontal manifestations present in diabetic mellitus. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that medical students have very limited knowledge regarding periodontal disease and its association with diabetes mellitus. Very few medical students were informed about referring the diabetic patients to the dental surgeon.
Neonatal Outcomes In Cord Clamping And Its Association With Hematological Parameters
Authors: Jamali Zara , Naseeb Shazia , Khan Saba , Bano Khadija
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the neonatal outcomes in early and delayed cord clamping and to find Its association with hematological parameters in neonates of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross sectional study conducted from 1st July 2016 to 31st December 2016 at Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Methodology: 342 pregnant women were selected through convenient sampling technique meeting inclusion criteria after obtaining ethical approval all pimigravida with age range of 25 to 45 years with singleton term pregnancy delivered through normal vaginal delivery, in 3rd stages of labour were included in the study. Multi-gravid women or any women with a Systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus thyroid disorder, and cardiac disease were excluded. Demographic variables, blood parameters, were recorded. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Neonatal outcomes were assessed in terms of neonatal haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelet count and bilirubin level with respect to early and delayed cord clamping. Descriptive statistics were calculated. P-value = 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: the total of 342 pregnant women selected for this study, divided into 2 groups depending upon early (gp-1) or late clamping(gp-2). The mean haemoglobin in group 1 was 13.2 mg/dl and in group 2 was 13.4 mg/dl. Mean haematocrit in group 1 was 40.8 % and in group 2 were 41.3 %. (P-value=0.03). Polycythemia in group 1 was found to be present in 5 (2.92%) neonates while in group 2, 19 (11.11 %) neonates had polycythemia (p-value=0.003). High bilirubin in group 1 was present in 7 (4.09 %) of neonates while 33 (19.30 %) neonates in group 2 had high bilirubin.(p-value=0.001) Conclusion: Our study showed that neonates with late clamping had lower incidence of anaemia, higher haematocrit as compared to early clamping but were prone to a higher levels of bilirubin as well as polycythemia. Significant variations for haematocrit, polycythemia and bilirubin were found
BIOLOGICAL SIGNS ADAPTATION OF MEAT BREEDS OF LIVESTOCK IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTHWEST KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kalmyk State University named after Gorodovikov, Elista, Russian Federation, Barinov V.E. , Dlymbetov M.K ,   LLP "Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing named after Zhakhaeva" Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kenzhebaev S.A. ,   LLP "Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing named after Zhakhaeva" Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

Впервые, в условиях резко континентального климата юго-запада Казахстана изучены акклиматизационные и адаптационные способности, завезенных в регион калмыцкой, Санта-Гертруда и казахской белоголовой пород. Результаты исследований показали, что во все сезоны года у калмыцкой породы двигательные и пищевые поведения были более активными поисками кормов, быстрой реактивности на раздражителей, стадностью на пастбищах, нежели породы Санта-Гертруды и казахской белоголовой, также высоким материнским инстинктом. Калмыцкая порода стойко переносила низкие и высокие температуры воздуха и коэффициент теплоустойчивости, в среднем, составил 2,39+, а индекс холодоустойчивости был в пределах 59,70+. За три года физиологическое состояние животных с небольшими отклонениями соответствовал норме, а в крови было большее количество эритроцитов и гемоглобина, у сверстниц казахской белоголовой породы и Санта-Гертруды были относительно низкими, что свидетельствует о благополучно проходящей акклиматизации и адаптационной пластичности этой породы в новых условиях обитания. В статье доступно и понятным языком описана биологическая характеристика мясного скота в условиях юго-западного региона Казахстана
POSSIBILITY OF PRODUCTION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS WITH STEVIA EXTRACT
Authors:   1Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Nur-Sultan city, Republic of  Kazakhstan, Auezeva N.S. , Ibraeva S.S. ,   Kyzylorda Agrarian and Technical Higher College named after, I. Abdukarimova,  Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

The article presents the possibility of obtaining dairy products with stevia extract and the results of the study of organoleptic, physical and chemical properties of the finished product. Market relations require dairy producers to provide consumers with new dairy-based foods enriched with vegetable supplements. Mixed milk-based products, enriched with plant and animal products, allow you to prepare a new type of lunch with a new composition. As a natural sweetener, stevia extract gives a special sweet taste to yogurt products, as well as not only sweetens the product, but also makes it easier to absorb. This means that the stevia plant has not only tasty properties, but also easily digestible nutrients. Natural product made during the preparation of lactic acid products is a unique type of raw material with useful, highly digestible dietary properties. After all, natural milk contains a source of nutrients: immunoglobulins, hormones, growth factors, enzymes and other biologically active substances. Lactic acid product with stevia extract provides a sweet taste, a healthy type of food that does not lag behind in quality.
PROBLEMS OF TECHNICAL SERVICE AND INNOVATIVE METHODS PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurbanaliev B.B. , Zhumagulov Zh.B ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Saparbayev E.T. ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Cherikbaev R.K
Published: November 2021

Қазақстан Республикасының ауыл шаруашылығында техниканы мезгілсіз тозудан, бұзылудан және тоқтап қалудан сақтау үшін, сол техниканың үздіксіз жұмыс істеуін қамтамасыз ететін тексеру, тазалау, май құю, бекіту, реттеу жұмыстарының жиынтығы, яғни, жоспарлы сақтандыру жүйесі қолданылады. Дегенмен, осы жұмыстардын басқа техника үшін ескерілуі тиіс тағы бір маңызды операция – жөндеуден кейінгі бөлшектерді құрастыру жұмысында осы аталмыш жөндеу жұмысы кезінде құрастырма бірліктерде пайда болған өзгерістерді, ауытқуларды ескере отырып біріктіру. Өйткені кейбір құрастырма бірліктер жөндеуден кейін өзінің бастапқы зауыттық нұсқасынан сәл ауытқуға ұшырауы мүмкін. Азғантай ғана ауытқудың өзі техниканың болашақ жұмысында сенімсіздік тудыруы мүмкін. Соңғы жүргізілген зерттеу жұмыстарының көрсеткіштері бойынша жөндеу кәсіпорындарына келіп түсетін трактор двигательдерінің 60 % - дан көбі жөндеуді қажет етпейді, тек қана негізгі тетіктер мен тораптарды реттеп, қалпына келтіру қажет. Техниканы мезгілсіз бұзылудың алдын алу үшін оның моторлық қорын толық пайдалануды қамтамасыз ететін техникалық күйін, жеке жүйелерінің, тетіктерінің және жағдайын анықтау қажет. Шаруашылықтардың жұмыс уақыты мен қаражатын үнемдеу үшін техниканы бөлшектемей тексерудің маңызы өте зор. Жұмыс істеп тұрған машиналардың техникалық және экономикалық көрсеткіштерін бөлшектемей үздіксіз тексеру техниканың өнімділігін арттыруға және жұмсалатын шығын мөлшерін азайтуға мүмкіндік береді. Аталмыш мақалада осы мәселелердің алдын алу, техника жөндеудегі инновациялық әдістерді қолдану мәселесі толыгымен айтылган
IMPORTANT ISSUES OF THE CONTENT OF THE PHYSICS COURSE IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after by Abai, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kozibay A.K. , Zhanbekova G.I. ,   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after by Abai, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

The article presents new content areas in the traditional work program for the course of physics in the preparation of technical specialties in universities. The majority of physical education in the system of technical education and the systemic role of the physics course in the structure of technical training are noted. A number of problems and vulnerabilities in the practice of teaching physics were analyzed. The necessity of preserving the integrity of the logical structure of the physics course in the system of technical education, regardless of the direction of training, is noted. The article substantiates the inclusion of a complex of methodological knowledge in the traditional work program in physics, which forms ideas about the complex nature of the physical picture of the world. The structure of this complex is proposed. It is shown that the structure of the physical picture of the world can be represented in the form of two interrelated blocks: the scientific paradigm and scientific knowledge. The multi-level content of each block is revealed, corresponding to the logic of the development of scientific knowledge. A comparative analysis of the proposed approach to the formation of the course content is carried out. The article develops the structure and defines the content of the methodological educational complex of physical science, proposed for inclusion in the content of the physics course for the specialties of the technical bachelor's degree.
The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy
Authors: Singerton Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Jonathan Singerton’s is the first work to analyze the impact of the American Revolution in the Habsburg lands in full. He narrates how the Habsburg dynasty first received struggled with the news of the American Revolution and then how they sought to utilize their connections with a sovereign United States of America. Overall, Singerton recasts scholarly conceptions of the Atlantic World and also presents a more globalized view of the eighteenth-century Habsburg world, highlighting how the American call to liberty was answered in the remotest parts of central and eastern Europe but also showing how the United States failed to sway one of the largest, most powerful states in Europe onto its side in the War for American Independence.
The post-Dayton search for justice: War crimes trials in Bosnia and Herzegovina before competent courts
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Tuzla, Gurda Vedad , Mahmutović Dževad ,   Faculty of Law, University of Tuzla, Iveljić Maja ,   Faculty of Law, University of Tuzla
Published: November 2021

The armed conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 1992 to 1995, which ended with the conclusion of the so-called The Dayton Peace Agreement was marked by serious violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms and the commission of horrific war crimes. Prosecution of defendants for these crimes takes place at several levels, ie before: a) the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), b) domestic courts and c) courts of certain foreign states. The paper analyzes certain indicators related to the prosecution of these crimes, their scope and structure, as well as the ratio of convictions and acquittals for certain war crimes, the scope of application of conventional and summary forms of ending criminal cases and court policy of sanctioning perpetrators. It was learned that by the end of 2020, hundreds of criminal proceedings against approximately a thousand defendants had been completed. Most of the accused were prosecuted before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Court of B&H), followed by the ICTY, and a slightly smaller number before the courts of the former SFRY and some Western European countries. The research established that before the ICTY, out of the total number of accused for war crimes committed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as many as 90.2% were convicted of some of these crimes, while the rate of convicted in relation to accused before the Court of B&H was 67.2% , and before the courts in the Republic of Serbia 70.2%. It is interesting that before the ICTY as many as 24.3% of the accused were convicted in summary proceedings on the basis of a plea agreement, while before the Court of B&H 13,3% of the accused were convicted using a plea bargaining as a consensual model for ending criminal cases. So far, 22 people have been convicted of the crime of genocide as the most serious crime before the ICTY, the Court of B&H and German courts, and all convictions related to the activities of the Army of Republika Srpska during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Court of B&H, inherited a relatively mild policy of punishing war crimes. Finally, it was found that certain courts, especially Court of B&H, inherited a relatively mild policy of punishing war crimes.
The significance of post-operative bracing in preventing knee arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Akhalkatsi Valeri , Matiashvili Marine , Maskhulia Lela , Obgaidze George , Chikvatia Levan
Published: November 2021

High-energy injuries of the knee joint can cause ligament damage which may have complications in 4-6% of all cases in the form of movement limitation and arthrofibrosis (5,9,14). There are several intra- and extraarticular factors that could be closely connected with formation of arthrofibrosis. One of the most important factors is the utilization of a knee brace as the means of immobilization during the post-operative period (7,8). There are various opinions on the matter of using a knee brace after an ACL reconstruction surgery. For instance, 85% of members of the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) support and utilize this method (6). Despite the fact that movement limitations in the affected joint are rare after the aforementioned surgical procedure, the issue of preventing and eliminating knee extension deficit during the post-operative period is still relevant. The following research is based on the evaluation of the findings in 22 patients with extension deficits 2 weeks after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgery and it studies the effectiveness of knee brace in eliminating extension limitation during a 3-week rehabilitation period. The results of the abovementioned research showed that utilization of knee brace in the rehabilitation process during 3 weeks is significantly effective method (P<0.008) for eliminating knee extension deficit in a way that the negative influence on the function of the quadriceps muscle of the affected limb stays negligible.
Проблеми та суперечності державної політики у сфері забезпечення національної безпеки України
Authors: Р.Ю. Штеба
Published: November 2021

Визначено проблеми та суперечності державної політики у сфері забезпечення національної безпеки України. Охарактеризовано сучасний стан державної політики у сфері забезпечення національної безпеки України. Зазначено, що рівень забезпечення національної безпеки України є недостатнім в сучасних умовах і потребує відповідної трансформації державної політики у зазначеній сфері. Визначено напрями формування та реалізації державної політики у сфері забезпечення національної безпеки України в контексті вирішення існуючих проблем та суперечностей в зазначеній сфері.
Association of alcohol withdrawal severity with MTNR1A (rs34532313) and MTNR1B (rs10830963) genes polymorphisms
Authors: Efremov I. S. , Tukhvatullina D. R. , Efremova U. S. , Gashkarimov V. R. , Tulbaeva N. R. , Akhmetova E. A. , Gizatullin T. R.
Published: November 2021

Alcohol withdrawal is the most threatening condition encountered in patients with alcohol use disorder. Our study aimed to investigate the association of alcohol withdrawal severity with polymorphic variants in melatonin receptor genes. Methods. The clinical study was carried out on the basis of the Republican Narcological Dispensary №1 in Ufa and the Republican Narcological Dispensary №2 in Sterlitamak. Genetic analysis was performed at the Department of Personalised Psychiatry and Neurology at the V.M. Bekhterev Research Centre, Saint Petersburg. The final sample consisted of 307 subjects. Results. Carriers of the TT genotype of the MTNR1A gene (rs34532313) were found to have less hypertension during alcohol withdrawal than carriers of the other genotypes. In comparison, carriers of the GG genotype of the MTNR1B gene (rs10830963) experienced more symptoms than other genotypes: paroxysmal sweating, visual hallucinations, anxiety, and overall CIWA-Ar score. Conclusions. Thus, it can be concluded that the TT genotype of MTNR1A gene (rs34532313) is associated with a lower risk of hypertension during alcohol withdrawal compared to carriers of other gene genotypes. The GG genotype of MTNR1B gene (rs10830963) is associated with severe withdrawal. In general, it can be concluded that melatonin receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol withdrawal and the severe of some of its symptoms.
Prevalence of non-motor disorders in Parkinson`s disease
Authors: Safonova N. Yu. , Sapronova M. R. , Gavrilyuk O A. , Popova T. E. , Tappakhov A. A.
Published: November 2021

(1) Background: to reveal the prevalence of non-motor disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD), we analyzed both Russian and international studies on the issue of PD-associated non-motor disorders in Caucasian patients; (2) Methods: We have carried out a search for full-text Englishand Russian-language articles published during the last ten years (from 2010 to 2020) in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Clinical case, and E-library databases using multiple versions of keywords and their combinations. (3) Results: General prevalence of PD-associated non-motor disorders proved to be high. At the same time, we did not find significant differences between the prevalence of cognitive, affective, or behavioral disorders in PD patients. However, depression was found to be more common in PD patients in the Russian Federation; (4) Conclusions: According to the results of our review, cognitive and affective disorders in PD represent the issues of major concern.
Perspectives of personalized approach to prevention and treatment of anticonvulsant-induced osteoporosis via action on vitamin D exchange and VDR expression
Authors: Dontseva E. A. , Trefilova V. V. , Popova T. E. , Petrova M. M. , Al-Zamil M.
Published: November 2021

Anticonvulsant-induced osteoporosis (AIO) and associated pain syndromes and patient disabilities are an important interdisciplinary medical problem generated by various molecular, genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms. AIO are the most important pathological processes associated with chronic pain in adults with epilepsy. Standard approaches to their prevention and treatment do not always solve the problem of the progression of the pathological process and chronicity of AIO. This is the reason for the search for new personalized strategies for the prevention and treatment of AIO. Vitamin D metabolism, expression and specificity of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) may play a key role in the development of AIO and chronic back pain in patients with epilepsy. The aim of the study was to review publications on changes in the vitamin D system in patients with AIO. We searched for articles published in e-Library, PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Case, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The search was carried out by key-words and their combinations. The role of vitamin D and VDR in the development of AIO and the chronicity of back pain has been demonstrated mainly in animal models and humans. Associative genetic studies have shown that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of the VDR gene encoding VDR may be associated with the development of osteoporosis of the spine (including those associated with the intake of an anticonvulsants). The prospects for the use of vitamin D preparations for modulating the effect of anticonvulsants used to treat epilepsy are discussed. Genetic association studies of VDR gene SNVs are important for understanding the genetic predictors of AIO and chronic back pain in patients with epilepsy, as well as for developing new personalized pharmacotherapy strategies.
Digital Applications of Maxillofacial Reconstruction– A systematic review
Authors: AlShaibani Raghdah , Akhtar Taha , Gentle Marissa , Chen Pohsu , Liao Peixi
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Many patients with maxillofacial defects require maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation due to cancer, trauma, or congenital diseases. Adequate surgical and prosthetic treatment planning is required to achieve satisfactory morphological and functional results. Before computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology was introduced, conventional methods have been used to reconstruct the facial form, which involved making impressions, obtaining models and fabricating the prosthesis all of which is time consuming and requires multiple visits. A rapid progress has been made with advances in digital technology, such as milling systems, rapid prototyping, three-dimensional (3D) scanning, and 3D printing, which has improved the patients’ expectations, the functional and esthetic treatment outcomes.

Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted in the Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE), and ScienceDirect databases between July 2000 and October 2020. A manual search was also performed to cover all digital aspects of the maxillofacial prosthesis. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective cohort, and cross-sectional studies performed on humans with at least 1 year of follow-up and published within the last 20 years.

Results: The results showed that the used technologies in a digital workflow of auricular, orbital and nasal prosthesis reduce the manufacturing time and allow the manufacture of high-quality prostheses for missing facial parts. The methodology provides a good position for further development issues and is usable for clinical practice.

Conclusion: Utilization of digital technologies in the facial prosthesis manufacturing process can be a good contribution for higher patient comfort and production efficiency but also comes with a higher initial investment and greater demands for experience with software tools.
Smart collectibles; use case of NFT tokens
Authors: Sina Osivand
Published: November 2021

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have garnered remarkable investor attention recently, with some NFTs securing selling prices that may have seemed unthinkable for a non-fungible virtual asset. This raises fascinating questions about “value” and “scarcity” with respect to blockchain technology, through a prism of non-fungibility of a digital asset, and this paper aims to draw attention to these questions insofar as they may shape an alternative space of blockchain development and exchange going forward. We find that NFT submarkets are cointegrated and feature various causal short-run connections between them. The success or adoption of younger NFT projects is influenced by that of more established markets. At the same time, the success of newer markets has an impact on the more established projects. The results contribute to the overall understanding of the NFT phenomenon and suggest that NFT markets are immature or even inefficient. This article will tackle these questions from a UK perspective, specifically looking at cases from England and Wales and Scotland, while also covering a few relevant CJEU decisions. This is a relatively recent technology, which will require a lengthier technical explanation to analyse the legal issues that are raised. In some instances, the public perception will be dealt with as well, as it has become evident that there is considerable misunderstanding not only about what an NFT really is, but about the ownership and copyright issues that surround the technology. While NFTs are not entirely related to copyright, and in some way they’re trying to bypass legal transactions in favour of technical solutions, this paper will concentrate on the copyright questions, but it will also tackle some of the emerging issues about the technology. A quick note about balance. This work will take a generally neutral approach to the study of NFTs, but this is a subject that is not devoid of controversy. There have been concerns raised about the viability of this model from various perspectives, but it is not the remit of the work to tackle these, and the approach will be to view non-fungible tokens at face value. The concerns range from the environmental cost of running blockchain technology,9 to the use of tokens for money laundering,10 to the existence of often crippling transaction fees that could make it difficult for artists to profit from their work.11 It is important to highlight these here, although they will not be the subject of further analysis.
Zielona gospodarka, zielony wzrost i zazielenienie jako formy realizacji koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Adamowicz Mieczysław
Published: November 2021

Przedmiotem opracowania jest zielona gospodarka, zielony wzrost i zazielenienie jako koncepcje wdrożeń do gospodarki w celu zachowania ochrony środowiska, bioróżnorodności i przeciwdziałania zmianom klimatu. Koncepcje te wdrażane w Unii Europejskiej przyjęły nazwę Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu. Wszystkie zielone koncepcje powiązane są z paradygmatem zrównoważonego rozwoju i w opracowanych strategiach stają się formami jego realizacji. Niniejsza praca bazuje na literaturze problemu oraz dokumentach formułowanych przez agendy Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych, instytucje i organizacje międzynarodowe oraz organy Unii Europejskiej. Pojęcia „zielonej gospodarki”, „zielonego wzrostu” i „zielonego ładu” mają szczególne znaczenie w sektorach gospodarki opierających się na zasobach naturalnych – rolnictwie, leśnictwie, rybołówstwie i górnictwie. Zazielenienie oznacza odnoszenie się z troską do przyrody i ekosystemów w życiu gospodarczym i społecznym, szczególnie w układach terytorialnych dużego skupienia ludności i przemysłu. Wdrażanie zielonych koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju wymaga wsparcia inwestycyjnego i edukacyjnego. Zielone koncepcje rozwoju mają wiele ambitnych założeń i mogą być uznawane za zbyt optymistyczne.
Polmoniti ricorrenti
Authors: Riccio Guglielmo
Published: November 2021

The paper reports the cases of three adolescents affected by somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and serious social dysfunction. In one case a depressive disorder was also present that improved with a targeted pharmacologic treatment. The Author underlines that adolescents and young adults with SSD are at high risk to remain unrecognized without the necessary medical aid.
Asplenia congenita
Authors: Migliarino Vanessa , Lapenna Roberta , Comici Alberto , Miani Maria Paola , Naviglio Samuele , Barbi Egidio
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a case of congenital asplenia diagnosed occasionally in a child who previously presented with a pneumococcal sepsis. The case offers the opportunity to discuss about the elevated risk of severe invasive infections in patients with congenital asplenia and the importance of early diagnosis so to prevent infections by starting an antibiotic prophylaxis, adequate vaccinations and prompt antibiotic therapy with immediate medical consult in case of fever. First degree relatives should be concerned about the high frequency of autosomal dominant transmission of this condition and should be submitted to early follow-up.
Value-Added Services at Dry Ports: Balancing the Perspectives of Different Stakeholders
Authors: Khaslavskaya Alena , Roso Violeta , Sanchez-Diaz Ivan , Altuntas Vural Ceren
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate which dry port services generate the greatest positive impact on stakeholders and their objectives. Stakeholders identified from the literature are the dry ports, the dry port’s municipality/region, the seaport, shippers, shipping lines, rail operators, and road operators. A method based on multi-actor multi-criteria analysis is applied to allow the evaluation of different scenarios considering the objectives and opinions of multiple stakeholders. The findings show that the basic services of the dry ports studied are crucial to establishing initial operations. Expanding the service portfolio by adding a wider range of customer-oriented value-added services generates extra economic and environmental benefits for stakeholders. The results expand the understanding on stakeholder benefits from the diversified range of dry port services, while the inclusion of multiple stakeholders in the analysis acknowledges the heterogeneity in stakeholder perceptions. Finally, this methodology enables the creation of an extensive set of criteria and indicators for dry port evaluations.
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ullah Khalil , Ur Rehman Sajid , Nadeem Ramsha , Abubakar Muhammad , Raza Qasim
Published: November 2021

Aim: Relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and pulmonary tuberculosis. Methodology: Study duration: November 2020 to April 2021 Sampling technique: A case-control study Setting: Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar It included 30 adult newly identified sputum-quality pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 30 age and sex matched healthy cases as controls. All cases had undergone a thorough medical examination and repeated laboratory tests, including vitamin D, calcium, and sputum for AFB and X-ray chest. Results: Majority were males (88%). In the Study group, BMI decreased significantly i.e. 19.0 vs 23.5. Serum vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in the tuberculosis group i.e. 17.9ng/dl than in the control group 24.8ng/dl. Mean of serum albumin in the control group was 3.9 ng/dl whereas 2.9 ng/dl in the study group. Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D was associated with more severe medical symptoms, increased sputum smear positivity and large lesions on chest radiographs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords: Vitamin D, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Sputum
Incidence of Celiac Disease in Children with Down’s Syndrome
Authors: Pervez Sana , Sajid Munir Syed , Saeed Maimoona
Published: November 2021

Aim: Incidence of celiac disease among children with down’s syndrome Setting: Pediatrics department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Study design: Cross sectional study Study duration: 20/7/2019 to 20/1/2020 Methodology: A total of 241 subjects were selected. Five ml of venous blood was obtained from all patients to detect the Anti-tTG Ab. Among those patients who are positive for the antibody, endoscopy and biopsy specimen from duodenum were sent to hospital laboratory to confirm the presence of villus atrophy. Results: Mean age was 8 ± 4.57. 44% children were male and 56% children were female. More over 4% children had celiac disease and 96% children didn’t have celiac disease. Conclusion: The frequency of celiac disease was 4% among children presenting with Down syndrome. Keywords: Celiac disease, Down’s syndrome.
Frequency of Hepatitis B and C virus infection in Emergency Surgical Patients in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Karim Fowad , Ali Kamran , Ahmad Shabbir , Shahid Ruqayya , Amin Shahbaz
Published: November 2021

Background: Hepatitis B and C is a global health issue in developing countries because of multiple factors like lack of community health education, illiteracy and poverty. Aim: To find the frequency of Hepatitis B and C virus infection among patients who present in Surgical Emergency and to correlate risk factors for these infections. Study design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Patients (n=200) were included in present study through non-probability, convenient sampling technique. It was conducted in Accident and Emergency Department, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, following approval from Hospital Ethical Committee from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Both male and female patients (12-65 yrs) who underwent emergency surgical procedures, were included while unwilling subjects as well as patients having other medical issues were excluded. Data analyzed by SPSS 21.0v. Results: Thirty four patients were found sero-positive for Anti-HCV Antibodies with prevalence rate of 17.0% and 9 patients (4.5%) were HBsAg positive. Among the sero-positive patients risk factors were IV injections, dental extraction, sharing of shaving razors, jaundice, history of previous surgical operations. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was a declining attitude of HBV infection as compared to HCV. However, educational status of the patients was unsatisfactory. Hence, there is a need to educate the people regarding safety measures. Keywords: Viral infections, HBsAg, Risk Factors and Emergency Surgeries.
Incidence of Steroid-induced Diabetes in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rana M. Asim , H. Siddiqui Mujtaba , Raza Sitara , Tehreem Kinza , Mahmood M. F.Ullah , Javed Muhammad , Qayyum M. Ahad , Hafeez M. M.
Published: November 2021

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic has started, glucocorticoids have been proved to be one of the most effective lifesaving treatments for respiratory complications associated with SARS CoV-2. Aim: To review the incidence of steroid induced diabetes and the associated risk factors in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study Place and duration of the study: Bahria International Hospital Lahore from 15th April 2020 to 31st December 2020 Methodology: Two hundred and thirty patients of COVID-19 cases treated with glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone 4mg BID) were enrolled. All known cases of pre-existing diabetes mellitus and with initial (admission) random blood glucose levels of more than 200 mg/dl were excluded. Patients labelled as glucocorticoid induced diabetes mellitus (GI-DM)met the following criteria, fasting blood glucose level of more than 126 mg/dl or a random glucose level of more than200 mg/dlon two occasions after starting these patients on steroids. Results: The glucocorticoid induced diabetes mellitus was 36 (15.65%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval (1.02-1.36) was found to be the most profound risk factor for GI-DM. Conclusion: Glucocorticoid induced diabetes mellitus found to be associated with glucocorticoid used among COVID-19 patients especially in older ages. So, it is recommended that the treating physicians should consider this side effect of steroids especially when dealing with geriatric cases. Keywords: Hyperglycaemia, COVID-19, Steroids, SARS-CoV-2, Diabetes mellitus, Steroids induced diabetes, Glucocorticoids
Comparison of Glyceryl Trinitrate Ointment versus Internal Lateral Sphincterotomy for Anal Fissure Pain Relief
Authors: Sadiq Imran , Javed Shakir Muhammad , Naheed Khan Ruqqia , Akhlaq Ahmed Muhammad , Samina Ashfaq Syeda , Ijaz Abeer
Published: November 2021

Background: Anal fissure is a linear painful mucosal tearing in the distal part of anal canal. It extends from dentate to anal edge. Aim: To compare the glyceryltrinitrate ointment and internal lateral sphincterotomy for anal fissure pain relief in acute/chronic pts. Study Design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery Unit-II, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Shadman Lahore from 1st October 2018 to 31stDecember 2020. Methodology: 40 pts with acute and chronic anal fissure were enrolled. Half of the patients undergo internal lateral sphincterotomy while other opted 0.2% use of glyceryl trinitrate ointment. Each patient was followed for pain, recovery, complications and recurrence until 12 months for internal lateral sphincterotomy and 18 months in glyceryl trinitrate ointment. Results: There were 24 males and 16 females with a mean age of patients as 30±3.2 years. Initial follow-up of patients showed 100% pain and fissure improvement in internal lateral sphincterotomy group as compared to 60% in glyceryl trinitrate ointment group respectively. Conclusion: Internal lateral sphincterotomy is most efficient and reliable procedure in relieving anal fissure pains. Keywords: Anal fissure, Internal lateral sphincterotomy, Glyceryl trinitrate
Frequency of Dry Eye in Glaucoma Patients Using Topical Anti-Glaucoma Therapy
Authors: Farooq Nesr , Ahmad Ghauri Hafiz Waqar , Zaman Khan Asad , Bari Kakar Abdul , Amin Muhammad , Tajwidi Chakar
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine the prevalence of dry eye in glaucoma patients using topical anti-glaucoma therapy. Study Design: Descriptive observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology, Shalimar Medical & Dental College Lahore from 1st November 2020 to 30th April 2021. Methodology: Ninety patients of both genders were enrolled. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients using topical anti-glaucoma therapy for more than 8 months and having symptoms of stinging and burning sensations itching, watering, irritation, due to regular use of topical antiglaucoma drugs were presented. Basal Schrimer’s test and tear film break-up time test was used to measure the frequency of dry eye syndrome as mild, moderate and severe. Results: There were 60 (66.7%) females and 30 (33.3%) patients were males. Mean age of the patients were 45.61±7.66 years with mean BMI 26.24±8.71 kg/m2. We found that 40 (44.4%) patients had burning and stinging sensations, itching found in 21 (23.3%), dry eye sensations were found in 16 (17.8%) patients and watering and irritation found in 13 (14.4%) .According to tear film break-up time test 20 (22.2%) cases did not show dry eye syndrome and 19 (21.1%) patients were normal in Basal Schrimer’s test. Conclusion: Use of topical anti-glaucoma medication resulted in dry eye syndrome as well as a decrease in the tear film's stability. Keywords: Anti-glaucoma therapy, Basal Schrimer`s test, Tear film break-up time, Anti-glaucoma therapy, Dry eye syndrome
Assess Self-Management and Adherence to Use Antiepileptic Drugs in Epileptic Pediatric Patients: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Qaiser M , Faheem Ali , Akram M. , Memon Mehwish , Masud Rizwan , Zeeshan Muhammad , Shahzad Qasim , Qayyum M. A. , Noor M. Z. , Laique T.
Published: November 2021

Background: No adherence to antiepileptic drugs is a considerable problem for epileptic suffered children and their families. Aim: To determine self-management and adherence to antiepileptic drugs among epileptic children. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Present study conducted at Children Complex Hospital, Multan. Sample size was 105. Data was collected after taken the informed consent from the study participants. Institutional approval was taken. Data analyzed through latest version of SPSS 25, including mean, percentage and frequency. Results: Majority 6(81.9%) agreed that doctors/nurses fully explained seizures/epilepsy (diagnosis). Significant correlation was seen between gender and dependent variables (transportation available and medications) with p-value of less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study clearly showed that most patients were well aware about their diagnosis told by doctors and had a knowledge about consequences due to non-adherence with their treatment. Keywords: Adherence, Self-Assessment and Anti-Epileptic Drugs.
Prevalence of Complications after Interval Postpartum Intrauterine Device Insertion
Authors: Abbas Saba , Anwar Sadia , Essa Bhattani Kalsoom , Khanum Wazir Zubaida , Babar Rubina
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) is a reversible, long-term and effective technique of contraception. The intrauterine device (IUD) is inserted within 48 hours of delivery. The immediate insertion of an intrauterine device causes certain complications. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications after Interval Postpartum Intrauterine Device Insertion. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 147 women who underwent postpartum IUD (PPIUD) insertions during from January 2021 to June 2021 at Gynecology department, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital (MMMTH), Dera Ismail Khan and Muhammad Teaching Hospital Peshawar. All the women who delivered and showed willingness for PPIUCD insertion were enrolled and continuously follow-up for 4 to 6 weeks after delivery. Demographic, obstetric, and clinical parameters were recorded on pre-designed medical proforma. PPIUCD insertion after 6 weeks of delivery were followed-up for the evaluation of complications. Uterine infection, medical removal of IUD, IUD expulsion, perforation, and method discontinuation were the outcome variables. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total deliveries, 147 women inserted the postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD). Of the total, about 122 (83%) women returned for follow-up after 6 weeks. All the women underwent transvaginal insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices. The PPIUCD insertion related complications with prevalence were uterine infection 26 (21.3%), overall method suspension 17 (13.9%), perforation 20 (16.4%), interceptive uterine device expulsions 25 (20.5%), and intrauterine device removal 32 (26.2%). The severe uterine infection was in 2 (1.7%) cases who were hospitalized. Conclusion: The postpartum intrauterine device cumulative expulsion rate was higher among women compared to the expulsion rate of insertions. The longer duration of bloody lochia flow and delivery intrauterine device insertions were the key risk factors for expulsion of PPIUCD. Women can safely utilize intrauterine contraceptive devices with low complications beyond four week. Keywords: Postpartum intrauterine device; Complications; Intrauterine device expulsion