bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ród Wierzbnów herbu Jastrzębiec w średniowiecznych księgach sądowych
Authors: Kruszewski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

The House of Wierzbna of the Jastrzębiec coat of arms in medieval court registers The author presents the chivalric family of Wierzbna of the Jastrzębiec coat of arms, drawing on the surviving medieval court registers. The available court registers from the 14th and 15th centuries make it possible to imagine the functioning of medieval chivalry in legal terms. The picture presented by the author fully corresponds generalisations, to the available information about other chivalric families, an assertion backed by over 700 pages of the author’s analyses of similar cases in courts of the provinces of Małopolska, Wielkopolska or Kujawy and Łęczyca. The court registers from Małopolska include a variety of judgements in property, personal or criminal matters. We find here disputes over estate division, debt settlement, seeking justice after assaults, scuffles or murders. There are many cases concerning debt, some involving Jewish bankers, problems with guarantees etc. The cases involve entire families, sons sue their fathers and there are also cases involving women, who became legitimate parties in legal relations and who pursued their claims to e.g. dowry and bridewealth. This affected particularly Tomek of Karwin, who had six daughters of marriageable age and no male heir, as a result of which his estates passed to the House of Masłowski of the Wieniawa coat of arms.Die Familie Wierzbna des Wappens Jarzębiec in den mittelalterlichen GerichtsbüchernDer Verfasser stellt die von ihm gewählte ritterliche Familie Wierzbna, des Wappens Jarzębiec auf Grund der erhaltenen mittelalterlichen Gerichtsakten dar. Die Gerichtsbücher aus dem 14. und 15. Jahrhundert erlauben, sich ein Bild davon zu machen, wie das mittelalterliche Rittertum im Rechtsverkehr funktionierte. Die analysierten Quellen bringen Informationen, die auch andere ritterliche Familien betreffen. Diese Feststellung war nach mehr als 700 Seiten von Analysen ähnlicher Entscheidungen der Gerichte Kleinpolens, Großpolens oder von Kujawien--Lentschütz möglich. In den Gerichtsbüchern Kleinpolens befinden sich zahlreiche Entscheidungen in Vermögens-, Personen- und Strafsachen. Sie sprechen über Streitigkeiten betreffend Vermögensteilung, Schuldenabrechnung, Suche nach Gerechtigkeit nach Überfällen, Schlägereien oder nach Todschlag. Es treten jüdische Bankiersleute oder Probleme mit Bürgschaften auf. Vor Gericht gehen ganze Familien, Söhne beklagen die Väter, oft sehen wir Frauen, manchmal auch selbständig, als Parteien in Gerichtssachen, die ihre Rechte z. B. auf Mitgift und Brautpreis geltend machen. Insbesondere war dadurch ein gewisser Tomek aus Karwin betroffen, der sechs Töchter zu verheiraten und keinen männlichen Erben hatte. Infolge dessen gingen seine Güter auf die Familie Masłowski des Wappens Wieniawa über.
Samorząd terytorialny w poglądach Stanisława Podwińskiego
Authors: Podkowski Marek
Published: March 2020

Local government in Stanisław Podwiński’s viewsThe article presents the most important scholarly achievements of Stanisław Podwiński and his views on local government. Podwiński was not only a local government theorist but, above all, practitioner. This is evidenced by his work in various government and local government bodies as well as his instructions on how to elect municipal councillors and members of municipal executive boards as well as village, county and city councillors. The instructions were a kind of signposts showing those organising elections how they should proceed. Podwiński’s instructions were written in a manner that would make them useful not only to state and local government officials, professionally involved in the work of local government, but also to local government activists. The personnel of local government bodies included people who were not always familiar with the scope of responsibilities of the work, which was by no means easy. These publications were to help them discharge their official duties by introducing them to the local government system.Die Ansichten von Stanisław Podwiński zur kommunalen SelbstverwaltungIn dem Aufsatz wurden das wichtigste wissenschaftliche Werk von Stanisław Podwiński und seine Ansichten zu der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung gezeigt. Podwiński war nicht nur ein Theo­retiker der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung, aber vor allem ein Praktiker. Davon kann sowohl seine Tätigkeit in den Organen der Regierungs- und der Selbstverwaltung, als auch die von ihm vorbe­reiteten Anweisungen, wie die Gemeinderäte und Mitglieder der Gemeindeverwaltung, der Orts-, Kreis-, und Stadträte zu wählen sind, zeugen. Die Anweisungen waren ein spezifischer Wegweiser, wie die Organe, die die Wahlen durchführen, vorzugehen haben.Die Arbeiten von Podwiński waren derart geschrieben, damit sie nicht nur den Beamten des Staates und der Selbstverwaltung, die beruflich die Arbeit in der Selbstverwaltung ausübten, sondern auch den Selbstverwaltungsaktivisten dienen konnten. In die Organe der Selbstverwaltung kamen Personen, die nicht immer mit dem Bereich dieser Verantwortung und der nicht leichten Arbeit vertraut waren. Die Publikationen sollten ihnen die Ausübung dieser Pflichten erleichtern, indem sie ihnen die Struktur der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung nahe brachten.
Aktualne tendencje orzecznicze w sprawach finansowych ochotniczych straży pożarnych
Authors: Kała Dariusz P.
Published: March 2020

Current judicial trends in financial matters voluntary fire brigadesThe aim of the study is to present the latest and current judicial trends in financial issues regarding volunteer fire. You should not pay a  cash equivalent for participating in emergency and rescue exercises.Based on Article. 32 para. 3b of the Fire Protection Act, subsidies for volunteer fire brigades may be planned in the commune budget. Compensation and compensation for members of volunteer fire brigades is exempt from tax.
Ochotnicza straż pożarna w krajowym systemie ratowniczo-gaśniczym
Authors: Ręcławowicz Stanisław
Published: March 2020

Volunteer fire brigade in the national fire and rescue systemThe legislator, strengthening in 1991 the position of existing volunteer fire brigades to the rank of association, caused, among others, independence of their functioning and enabled them to independently carry out rescue operations as units of modern fire protection.These associations constitute a  very strong pillar of the system by locating the closest to the citizen or a  potential local threat in the commune.Their rescue operations based on the social involvement of trained rescuers significantly reduce the costs of so-called readiness for action.
Ochotnicza straż pożarna jako stowarzyszenie
Authors: Kocowski Tadeusz
Published: March 2020

Volunteer fire brigade as an associationVolunteer fire brigades have a long history of operation. They operated as voluntary entities with the legal form of the association. Nowadays, acting as an association, they are also fire protection units. It places these units in a specific position.
Europeizacja administracji publicznej kilka refleksji
Authors: Zacharko Lidia , Janik Marcin
Published: March 2020

Europeanisation of public administration a few reflectionsThe article is devoted to the identification and discussion of the challenges faced by the administration in respect to integration processes, the Europeanisation of public administration, but also the ever-stronger dynamics of the processes of globalization. In the light of this problem, the analysis covered, inter alia, models of the impact of European law on national law. The areas of the Europeanisation process were also indicated, showing the Europeanisation of public administration tasks in this regard. The considerations also concern the issue of agencies that are of interest to the so-called “Indirect administration”.
Basic concepts and current developments of Latvian administrative law
Authors: Danovskis Edvins
Published: March 2020

The article outlines some basic elements of Latvian administrative law, namely the civil service system, state liability law and administrative offence law. The Latvian civil service system is characterized as a decentralized position model, and concepts of “decentralization” and “position” model are briefly described. In the context of state liability law a recent development of the introduction of the concept of “non-material harm” is outlined, explaining why Latvian administrative law has abandoned the concept of “moral harm” used previously. Regarding administrative offence law the article describes the most significant changes to be introduced into legislation in 2018
Zagadnienie reformacji decyzji przez sąd administracyjny w przedmiocie udzielenia ochrony międzynarodowej w świetle pytania prejudycjalnego słowackiego Sądu Najwyższego
Authors: Kryska David
Published: March 2020

The issue of reformatory decision-making by an administrative court in the matter of international protection in the light of a question referred for a preliminary ruling by the Slovak Supreme CourtThe aim of this article is to discuss the principle of cassation decision-making as one of the foundations of administrative judiciary in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. This work describes the historical grounds of this arrangement. It focuses on the cassation principle in the light of an actual request for a preliminary ruling of the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic in a matter of international protection. The article also describes the possible consequences of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in these preliminary proceedings for administrative judiciary in the three mentioned countries and also expresses the author’s opinion in the scope of scientific discussion.
Реабилитация нацизма как проявление экстремизма: вопросы квалификации по уголовному и административному праву Российской Федерации
Authors: Potapkin Sergey N.
Published: March 2020

Rehabilitation of Nazism as a manifestation of extremism: Issues of qualification in criminal and administrative law of the Russian FederationThe article is devoted to the issues of qualifying actions related to the rehabilitation of Nazism under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as manifestations of extremism. The issues of the formation of the practice of application of art. 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are being analyzed, as well as the delimitation of the rehabilitation of Nazism from related crimes and administrative offenses.
Idea „otwartej administracji publicznej”. Sfera oczekiwań i odczuć
Authors: Blicharz Jolanta
Published: March 2020

The idea of “open public administration”: The sphere of expectations and feelingsThe positive value of “open administration” will depend on whether the mutual relations between the public and the civil sector will be truly authentic or rather will be based on instrumentalization on the part of public sector. However, the most important issue connected with the application of market mechanisms in the fi eld of social services is related to the confl ict of values. This confl ict manifests itself in the collision of economic rationality professionalization of social services systems with the spirit of civil society based on solidarity, cooperation and trust.
Syndrom wypalenia zawodowego w administracji publicznej
Authors: Tabernacka Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Burnout syndrome in public administrationOccupational burnout is a state experienced by an employee in the domain of their psyche, somatics and social interactions. This phenomenon has a huge impact on the functioning of the structure in which this person is employed. In the case of employment in public administration institutions, the occurrence of the burnout syndrome is conditioned by specific factors having to do with the organizational and workplace culture-related conditions within a given institution, as well as systemic and organizational foundations of the administrative structure itself. The burnout syndrome in public administration officials and employees occurs at a similar frequency as in the entire working population; however, for those employed in aid-providing institutions, the risk is notably higher. As for the remedies, a major role is played by supervision and appropriate organizational climate that provides support and respect for other-than-professional areas of social functioning of an employee or a public administration official.
Samorząd terytorialny w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym
Authors: Kotulski Mariusz
Published: March 2020

Territorial self-government in the interwar periodAmong the challenges of the resurgent Polish state in 1918 was also the construction of its own public administration structure. By taking over the partitioning countries’ different models of administration and territorial self-government with diversified structure and stage of development, it was advisable to adopt an evolutionary method of creating its organizational structure. Therefore, it was based on the existing structures, well-known to local people, modifying them only towards democratization, levelling out differences and achieving certain desirable standards. Therefore, two basic stages in the construction of the territorial self-government of the Second Polish Republic can be distinguished: first, to cause the consolidation act to enter into force and the second subsequent one. And although the merger law of 1933 should be assessed positively as a step allowing for the unification of the territorial self-government structure at the level of the commune gmina and district powiat on a national scale, it was not free from defects. The territorial self-government structures at the provincial level had not been fully established. This was partly due to the lack of a coherent concept of the functioning of local self-government, its place in public administration and its role in the state. The striving for the centralization of the state apparatus after 1926 was visible not only in statutory amendments, but also in laconic regulations of the April constitution concerning local self-government. However, the effort to overcome legal disparities and the economic, cultural, population and national differences that was put into unifying and building the territorial self-government structures in 1918–1939 should be fully appreciated. The significant achievements of the Polish doctrine of the interwar period in the study of territorial self-government and the development of magazines devoted to this subject should also be mentioned.
Dzieje Katedry Ekonomii Politycznej na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego w latach 1945–1956
Authors: Koredczuk Józef
Published: March 2020

The history of the Department of Political Economy at the Faculty of Law, University of Wrocław in 1945–1956 The Department of Political Economy at the Faculty of Law, University of Wrocław, went through an extremely important and turbulent period in 1945–1956. It was a time of building the Department and of its scholarly development. The main role in the Department was played by Professor Wincenty Styś, almost from the very beginning persecuted by the communist authorities. A characteristic feature of the Department were frequent changes of auxiliary academic staff. In addition to lectures on political economy and economic history, the academics working at the Department also lectured on ideological subjects Marxism, both at the Faculty of Law and other faculties at the University of Wrocław. That is why the Department was more politicised and the authorities interfered in its work more often than in the case of other departments. Most staff, in addition to working at the Department, were also employed at the School of Business and then School of Economics in Wrocław.Die Geschichte des Lehrstuhls für Politische Ökonomie an der Fakultät für Recht der Universität Wrocław in den Jahren 1945–1956Die Jahre 1945–1956 stellten für den Lehrstuhl für Politische Ökonomie an der Fakultät für Recht der Universität Wrocław eine wichtige und bewegte Zeit dar. Das war die Zeit seiner Gestaltung und wissenschaftlichen Entwicklung. Die führende Rolle an dem Lehrstuhl spielte Professor Wincenty Styś, fast von Anfang an verfolgt durch die kommunistischen Behörden. Für den Lehrstuhl war charakteristisch, dass seine wissenschaftlichen Hilfsmitarbeiter oft wechselten. Neben den Vorlesungen zur politischen Ökonomie und Wirtschaftsgeschichte lehrten die Mitarbeiter des Lehrstuhls auch ideologische Fächer sowohl an der Fakultät für Recht als auch an den anderen Fakultäten der Universität Wrocław. Aus diesen Gründen unterlag der Lehrstuhl größerer politischer Abhängigkeit und Einmischung der Behörden. Die Mehrheit der Mitarbeiter des Lehrstuhls war auch an der Handelsakademie [Wyższa Szkoła Handlowa] und später auch an der Hochschule für Wirtschaft [Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna] in Wrocław tätig.
L’Amitié à l’épreuve des faux-semblants : lecture rhétorique d’un extrait des Faux-Monnayeurs
Authors: Collinet Françoise
Published: March 2020

FRIENDSHIP PUT TO THE TEST OF PRETENCES: A RHETORICAL INTERPRETATION OF AN EXCERPT FROM GIDE’S COUNTERFEITERSGide’s Counterfeiters are not only those who circulate false coins; they are also those who cannot help cheating with discourses and friendship. The fragment ‘After the exam / the bac’ III, 5 articulates those different levels in an original way, which can be described in rhetorical terms. As pupils, Bernard and Olivier are supposed to write a spontaneous essay but, at the same time, they must conform to the jury’s expectationslevel1: [pseudo] rational argumentation on values. The­refore, as soon as the youngsters escape from the teacher’s reach, they turn to their schoolfellows unashamedly boasting on their strategies to escape the double bind imposed by the school system level2: strategical meta-argumentation. But the intellectual and moral disagreement almost leads to a quarrel between friends level3: rhetoric as a negotiation on emotions and on the distance between individuals. If the two first levels can be contemplated through Perelman’s system, the third one should rely on a broader definition of rhetoric e.g. Plantin and Meyer.
Entre le sacré et le profane. Le discours journalistique français sur l’affaire Pussy Riot
Authors: Rębkowska Agata
Published: March 2020

BETWEEN THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE: THE FRENCH JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE ON THE PUSSY RIOT AFFAIROn 21 February 2012, three women of the well-known punk rock band Pussy Riot organized a performance in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. In consequence of the exhibition at this religious place, the women were convicted for “vandalism” and “incitement to religious hatred.”The aim of this article is to examine the social meaning of this event constructed and transmitted in the French journalistic discourse. It highlights the role of religion that derives from the event and contributes to the image of contemporary Russia. In the second step, the article deals with the discursive practices and positions of the journalistic voice facing this event.
Pierre Leroux et la religion de l’humanité : une conception post-séculière au XIXe siècle ?
Authors: Szymański Tomasz
Published: March 2020

PIERRE LEROUX AND THE RELIGION OF HUMANITY: A POST-SECULAR CONCEPT IN THE 19th CENTURY?The aim of the article is to show, using the example of Pierre Leroux, that the extension of the post-secular perspective to Romanticism is not only possible, but even desirable. Leroux’s work contains in this context two fundamental aspects: first, a philosophical reflection on humanity, its true tradition and eternal life; secondly, a socio-political reflection on the necessity of establishing a civil religion. Some threads that are present in Leroux’s thought, referring to Joachimism, seem to make him closer to the views of contemporary post-secular and post-modern authors.
Le « théâtre d’évasion » de Gaston Baty, ou comment dépasser la sécularité
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: March 2020

THE “ESCAPE THEATRE” OF GASTON BATY OR HOW TO OVERCOME SECULARITY In this article, we study the works of French playwrights from the 1920s and 1930s who adhere to Gaston Baty’s theatrical aesthetics, without explicitly declaring themselves as believers. While remaining wary of dogmas symbolized by the Church, writers such as Henri-René Lenormand, Simon Gantillon and Jean-Victor Pellerin note the loss of transcendence that inevitably leads “modern man” to his downfall. The rejection of the teaching of institutionalized religion does not mean a total disappearance of the sacred in their texts. In the face of demonic civilization, dramatic authors make a somewhat pessimistic diagnosis in search of remedies likely to fill the “ontological vacuum.” Undoubtedly, according to these writers, drama is the place where expectations and religious disappointments that agitate this tormented generation of the interwar period crystallize.
Les dictionnaires dans l’apprentissage du fle en pologne : état des lieux
Authors: Grabowska Monika
Published: March 2020

USE OF DICTIONARIES IN TEACHING FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN POLAND: BASELINE STUDY The paper focuses on the use of the dictionaries in the context of French as a foreign language in Poland. We assume, according to the Common European Framework and some other theoretical studies, that a dictionary is not only a learning tool but also a text which implies strategies of use. Consequently we consider that the learners should be provided with full-fledged dictionary skills which would make them able to explore the totality of linguistic and cultural richness of a dictionary. Unfortunately, we can prove that the use of dictionaries particularly the monolingual ones is not frequently integrated as a didactic goal in the French handbooks. Eventually, the analysis of 133 students’ surveys highlights some of the shortcomings and deficiencies in their practice of monoligual dictionaries. Their linguistic biographies emphasize the need of teaching advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of dictionaries and the special features of their micro- and macrostructure.
Vers un dictionnaire bilingue d’adjectifs qualificatifs du FLE
Authors: Wang Xinxia
Published: March 2020

TOWARDS A BILINGUAL DICTIONARY OF QUALIFICATIVE ADJECTIVES FOR TEACHING FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE The paper aims to think about developing a dictionary of the usual adjectives of French. This support tool for expression in French as a foreign language will focus on the semantic, syntactic, actantial and combinatorial information which usually causes the most problems in the use of adjectives. All this information will be provided in a systematic way by using some concepts of Meaning-Text Theory: lexical function, semantic derivation, semantic actant and syntactic actant, plan scheme, and so on.
Zużyta kategoria uczestnictwa? Między polską tradycją humanistyczną a perspektywą performatywną
Authors: Matysek-Imielińska Magdalena
Published: March 2020

A Worn-out Category of Participation? Between Polish Humanistic Tradition and a Performative PerspectiveIn the field of Polish humanist studies, the category of “participation in culture” has been broadly examined. Nowadays there are more frequent voices announcing “the end of participation culture”, and that it is ahighly exploited research category. Instead, the academics underline the dynamic character of changes in modern culture and the necessity to attract attention to its “active” aspect, underlining the self-agency of subjects. Thus in the area of culture studies, we observe an interest in performative perspective.In Polish humanist studies Isearch for such participation concepts, which go beyond the field related to arts establishing relation work of art — recipient and activist engagement indicating f.i. resistance, or social movements. Iam particularly interested in theoretical proposals, related to the category of everyday life, social and cultural practices, or even the category of praxis. While recalling this category Iinquire, whether performative perspective can be inspiring and helpful for redefining and modernizing the category of participation in culture.
Obraz medyczny jako „fenomen”. Ciało w relacji z nie-ludzkimi sprawczościami w wybranych projektach postmedialnych
Authors: Twardoch-Raś Ewelina
Published: March 2020

Medical image as “phenomenon”. Body in relation to non-human agencies in selected post-media projectsThe article examines a special ontogenetic relation that is established between the biological body and physical forces during the procedures of medical imaging. Until now it has been considered only as the creation of a simple form of representation. Medical imaging procedures are special processes in which organic and inorganic matter is entwined, resulting in partial transformation of beings and creation of a new whole. In the text these entanglements will be considered in the context of the concept of ‘the phenomenon’, which is part of the agential realism’ ontology, established by the American researcher Karen Barad. Her approach to agency directs thinking about relations between different beings in posthumanistic and performative perspective. This relationship is illustrated by many artistic post-media projects that often use medical and biometric data to address important social problems terrorism in the Diane Covert’s project and diversity of living creatures on Earth projects of Albert Koetsier.
Coś więcej niż filozofia sztuki. Wokół Simmlowskich rozważań o Michale Aniele
Authors: Łukasiewicz Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

More than philosophy of art. Simmel on MichelangeloGeorg Simmel’s interest in Michelangelo’s art is present in all stages of his academic carrier. He published only two works exclusively on this artist but his name frequently appears through Simmel’s lifework. In 1899 he published a short article on Buonarroti’s poetry and in 1910 a longer piece appeared where Simmel interpreted his artistic achievement as a philosopher of culture. A year later Simmel published The Concept and Tragedy of Culture where his earlier remarks on Michelangelo are included in the context of art’s autonomy and the relation between art, ethics and modernity. Max Weber and Ernst Cassirer argued against Simmel’s allegedly emphatic and aesthetic conception of culture.
Rasa, płeć, choroba. Sposoby reprezentowania czarnych kobiet w kontekście epidemii AIDS w Stanach Zjednoczonych
Authors: Zięba Hubert
Published: March 2020

Race, sex, disease. Modes of representing black women in the context of the AIDS epidemic in the United StatesIn this article I try to outline the ways of representing black women in the context of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. The point of departure for prospecting for such images is the development of the feminist thought and women cinema practices, described by E. Ann Kaplan and Alexandra Juhasz, which diverge from a unified category of women towards a multicultural aspect of femininity. In the face of rendering HIV/AIDS dominantly from a white male perspective in the most popular motion pictures about the disease, I begin with Georges Didi-Huberman assumption, according to which, under a layer of popular images of disasters, there are always different depictions yet to be discovered. Referring to the concept of minoritarian strategies, formulated by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, I attempt to make a formal and stylistic analysis of four films, two documentaries and two features. Simultaneously I try to demonstrate that actions taken by women involved in different levels of film production cross the traditional opposition between the mainstream and independent cinemas. The films analyzed in this article are: Sandra’s Web: A Mother’s Diary 1996, dir. Beverly Peterson, Wilhemina’s War 2015, dir. June Cross, Life Support 2007, dir. Nelson George, and Precious 2009, dir. Lee Daniels.
Sylwester Chęciński w labiryncie decyzji produkcyjnych filmu o Szarych Szeregach
Authors: Zajdel Jakub
Published: March 2020

Sylwester Chęciński in the maze of film production decisions about the Szare SzeregiThe author describes press reports on the preparations of Sylwester Chęciński for the film about scouts from Szare Szeregi. The scenario was based on a bestseller written by Aleksander Kamiński entitled Kamienie na szaniec Stones for the earthwork. Although the press assured that Sylwester Chęciński had already started working, the film was produced only eight years later, and the director was Jan Łomnicki. An interesting topic of these considerations are personal relationships. Andrzej Wajda was working on the screenplay for Kaminski’s book with Valentin Jeżow. In turn, the movie Agnieszka 46, directed by Sylwester Chęciński, was severely attacked by Zbigniew Załuski. Valentin Jeżow and Zbigniew Załuski became screenwriters for the film Legenda Legend directed by Sylwester Chęciński. It is not clear from the press notes whether Sylwester Chęciński stopped the preparations for the film about the Szare Szeregi for this cooperation or was forced to abandon them for the Polish-Soviet co-production.
Krytyka kapitalizmu jako krytyka kultury
Authors: Fereński Piotr Jakub
Published: March 2020

Critique of capitalism as a critique of cultureThe text is devoted to scientific and journalistic achievements of Marek “k-punk” Fisher. The author tries to show the originality of thought of the English theorist of culture and his contribution to the critical reflection on contemporary cultural phenomena. Fisher gained popularity in 2009 with the book Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative. He published in such magazines as The Guardian, The New Statesman, The Wire. In particular, he was interested in popular culture. The researcher and academic lecturer — with counter-cultural background — was often involved in defending the interests of the working class. The idea of the article is to familiarize the Polish reader with the concepts of Fisher, which are especially connected with the thought of Jacques Derrida.
Czy Bruno Latour testuje Rema Koolhaasa i co z tego dla nowej humanistyki wynika?
Authors: Matysek-Imielińska Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Is Bruno Latour testing Rem Koolhaas and what are the results for the new humanities?One of today’s most famous architects, Rem Koolhaas, tackles the problem of architectural objects as networked and transformable processes — not only structural, but also social and politi­cal ones. Bruno Latour, in turn, who is a sociologist, is constructing this time a theory — a weapon/ a new tool which will help architects move objects which so far have been static “Give me a gun and I will make all the buildings move” and design them in a non-Euclidean space. Theoretically, Latour — by “tapping lightly on Koolhaas’s architecture with a blind person’s cane” — proves once again that we have never been modern and, on the other hand, proposes to look at the design process in such a manner as to see the public character of things, discover the agency of non-human actors.What is the result of Latour’s collaboration with Koolhaas? Will the considerations of a prac­titioner and a theoretician, an architect and a sociologist prove to be an important contribution to the revision of cultural expressions? In my article, in the spirit of critical reflection on the myth of a lonely genius, I shall follow the demands of treating design as a collective process, networking the work of helpers and collaborators, data collectors and seekers of contexts. Are they really imple­mented in architectural practice? Is it really possible to talk about experimental methods of produc­tion and presentation of knowledge in this case?
Fikcja antropologiczna czy antropologia spekulatywna? O funkcjach poznawczych narracji fantastycznonaukowych
Authors: Brzostek Dariusz
Published: March 2020

Speculative anthropology or anthropological fiction? On the referential function of science-fiction narrativesThe article focuses on the referential function of science fiction and its relations to speculative anthropology and anthropological fiction. The methodological context for this analysis consists of Andrzej Stoff’s concept of literary images in science-fiction novels, Fredric Jameson’s archaeology of the future, and Roman Jakobson’s theory of the referential function of language. The texts analyzed herein are two novels: by Stanisław Lem Solaris and Peter Watts Blindsight. These works are analyzed as procedurals — novels emphasizing sequences of scientific anthropological procedures and discussing cultural categories such as “otherness,” “race,” and “anthropocentrism.”
Fuck context, czyli splatając architekturę ze społeczeństwem
Authors: Janas Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Fuck context, or interweaving architecture with societyThe majority of architectural studies tends to focus on relationships between architecture and its materiality on the one hand and the society or culture, on the other. In this perspective, buildings and projects, architects and their work can be understood only by placing them within the social context, structures, frames and conditions. Architecture is here and mirrors societal changes and processes, while the explanations are there. Buildings are stable, there is no action, all moves and all flows are outside, behind or hidden and the only thing researchers and designers should do is to unveil them.The ambition of this article is different. Starting from Rem Koolhaas’s well-known phrase — “fuck context” — I argue that the main purpose of studying architecture should not be explaining or interpreting buildings but trying to understand them and to follow, account and examine all human and non-human actors involved in the dynamic architectural network. This is why I propose to apply the Action-Network Theory as a new method of studying and analyzing architecture in the humanities and social sciences but also in architecture theory. If we pay attention to details, to actors and their actions as much as it is possible, to their associations and connections, to what buildings do rather than what they mean, a new and richer version of architecture will appear. And there will be no place, no necessity for context.
The doom of the Fantastic Four: Marvel’s First Family disappearance and what it says about the transmedia perspective of popular comics
Authors: Żaglewski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Zagłada „Fantastycznej Czwórki”. O zniknięciu Pierwszej Rodziny Marvela i jego znaczeniu dla postrzegania komiksu popularnego w perspektywie transmedialnej Historia medialnych migracji marki o tytule „Fantastyczna Czwórka” może wydać się nawet bardziej emocjonująca niż same przygody tej rodziny superbohaterów stworzonych przez legen­darny duet Stana Lee i Jacka Kirby’ego. Będąc pierwotnie fundamentem, na którym oparto całe uniwersum komiksów wydawnictwa Marvel, czwórka herosów przeszła daleką drogę, trafiając do seriali telewizyjnych, kreskówek, gier wideo i wreszcie kinowych produkcji. W przeciwieństwie jednak do swoich „towarzyszy” pokroju Spider-Mana czy grupy X-Men Fantastycznej Czwórce nie wiodło się zbyt dobrze w pozakomiksowym środowisku, czego symbolicznym przykładem stały się — uważane dziś za na wskroś nieudane — projekty filmowe Rogera Cormana czy Josha Tranka. W podtekście niefortunnych poczynań Fantastycznej Czwórki znajduje się jednak ukryta narracja obrazująca silne uzależnienie komiksu amerykańskiego od zewnętrznych czynników kulturowych, ekonomicznych czy medialnych. Jeśli bowiem przyjąć, że komiks superbohaterski stanowi mocno paratekstualny oraz transmedialny fenomen, a historia tego gatunku nie pozwala sądzić inaczej, to na przykładzie serii „Fantastyczna Czwórka” doskonale widać współczesne mechanizmy zarządzania marką tego pokroju w kontekście konkurowania o prawa autorskie co obrazuje spięcie na linii koncernów Marvel–Fox, a także pozakomiksowe sposoby kształtowania percepcji tytułów komiksowych i wreszcie potencjalne straty, jakie medium komiksowe może ponieść poprzez egzystowanie w transmedialnym środowisku. W artykule zastanawiam się nad przyczyną „wygaszenia” serii komiksowej „Fantastyczna Czwórka”, a także nad wpływem takich kategorii, jak synergia, franczyza, narracja transmedialna czy konwergencja, na kształt współczesnego rynku komiksowego.
O prawniczych kompetencjach Ignacego Czerwińskiego w świetle opinii profesjonalistów. Przewodnik testatora w komentarzach Antoniego Rosbierskiego
Authors: Rygielska Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Ignacy Czerwiński’s legal competences in the light of the opinions of professionals: Przewodnik testatora in Antoni Rosbierski’s commentsIn this article I present the opinions of Antoni Rosbierski 1764–1815, a jurist educated in Vienna, who worked in the area of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria inter alia as a councillor of court for the aristocracy in Lvov, on the subject of one of the first books of Ignacy Czerwiński 1749–1836, an active lawyer and, later, the author of Okolica Za-dniestrska 1811 which is considered to be the first ethnographic monograph. In Annales Jurisprudentiae pro Regnis Galiciae et Lodomeriae Rosbierski published in Latin a review of Czerwiński’s Przewodnik testatora [A testator’s guide], published in 1818 in Lvov. Until now, it has not been a subject of further studies. Both publications can be considered important sources for the evolution of positive laws in 19th-century Galicia that provide insight into the law culture of that time, which is an important element of the intangible cultural heritage of any society. For this reason, the publication is worth reminding of. Przewodnik testatora may be interesting not only to jurist specialists but also to those researchers of Polish culture who are interested in the problem of the relation between law and custom. It was one of many attempts at giving an answer to the question of how to counteract denationalization in the face of the sudden loss of sovereignty and extensive surveillance systems.
Польша в русскоязычной фантастике: „чужой” cреди „своих”
Authors: Legeza Segey
Published: March 2020

Poland in Russian-language fantastic fiction: The “other” among usThe article is devoted to the reception of the “Polish” in the Russian-language fiction. It indicates the sources of “background knowledge” of Poland from the authors and readers. The article deals with of images of Poland from the Soviet era to the present. Here are presented the schemes of  work with the Polish material in the Soviet and post-Soviet fiction. Among them are: 1 the use  of the Slavic and Polish material to provide the reader with a distance; 2 the use of “Polishness” as a mirror for self-examination of Russian culture; 3 the game with the Polish in the context of revenge models in the alternative stories Poland as an “internal” and “external” enemy.
Gdzie kończy się literatura? Głos Pana i Golem XIV — Stanisława Lema „resztki po powieści”
Authors: Brzostek Dariusz
Published: March 2020

Where the literature ends? His Master’s Voice and Golem XIV — Stanisław Lem’s “relics of a  novel”The paper discusses the literary works of Polish science fiction writer — Stanisław Lem, particulary two of his late novels: His Master’s Voice 1968 and Golem XIV 1981. The essay focuses on the relics of a novel in these non-narrative works, including the lectures of an artificial intelligence Golem XIV and scientific essays on the first contact between humans and alien life form His Master’s Voice. A  subject of the paper is the psychoanalysis of the creative process and the reading of the relics of a  novel such as a  description as a  pattern of development or a  found-manuscript device in terms of Lacanian theory of the symptom and the theory of jouissance of the speaking subject parlêtre.
Między wzniosłością a upodleniem. Obrazowanie oraz znaczenie śmierci w fantasy przygodowej i mitopoetyckiej
Authors: Płoszaj Joanna
Published: March 2020

Literary images and functions of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasyThis article presents and compares methods of description of death in two primary variants of fantasy literature: sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy. The focus is on works of the precursors of  fantasy literature — Robert E. Howard Conan the Barbarian series and John R.R. Tolkien The Lord of the Rings, Silmarillion, and texts of authors who creatively developed two primary types of fantasy literature — Fritz Leiber Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser cycle and Ursula K. Le Guin Earthsea cycle.The analysis is divided into two parts. The first one describes methods of presentation of death and their functions in sword and sorcery literature. In this variant of fantasy many literary images of death can be found, which focus particularly on its biological aspects. The next part shows analogical elements in mythopoeic fantasy, where the descriptions of death are inspired by the medieval chansons de geste.The article shows important differences between methods of presenting of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy and between functions of death in this two primary types of fantasy literature. In sword and sorcery the descriptions of death have great importance in the adventure plot structure, because they are connected with activities and adventures of the main character. In mythopoeic fantasy the kind of a character’s death often shows moral condition of this character. Moreover, death in mythopoeic fantasy is important for the balance and stability of created world.
No longer a trivial entertainment: Popular cinema in Poland after 2000
Authors: Mazierska Ewa
Published: March 2020

No longer a trivial entertainment: Popular cinemain Poland after 2000This article discusses two types of popular films produced in Poland after 2000, a subgenre of romantic comedy, which I label “sexual comedy”, represented by the films of Andrzej Saramonowicz and Tomasz Konecki, and “popular arthouse film”, represented by Dzień świra Day of the Wacko, 2002 by Marek Koterski. To understand the specificity of Polish popular cinema in this period, the author locates it in the postwar history of filmmaking in this country, arguing that making popular films was met in this country with great resistance. The situation has changed after the fall of state socialism, when cinema had to be more receptive to the audience’s demands. The films discussed in this article reflect both this pressure and the difficulties involved in making such films.
O wyższości teraźniejszości nad przeszłością — albo na odwrót. Retoryczne sposoby hiperbolizacji medialnej dwu kategorii
Authors: Pelc Patrycja
Published: March 2020

Superiority of the present on the past — or the other way round. Rhetorical methods of media hyperbolizing of the two categories The aim of the paper is alinguistic analysis of the future — present opposition employed by the opinion-forming weeklies in Poland: Newsweek Polska, Wprost, Polityka. The article presents ways of describing the temporal relation in the context of creating extraordinariness. The opposition is represented by the group of rhetorical tools argumentum a comparatione, argumentum a contrario, locus nomen, locus ad fontes leading to hyperbolizing the message.
Od czarów nad kołyską do magii językowej usieciowionej matki — ciągłość i zmienność charakteru magii języka matek
Authors: Legomska Julia
Published: March 2020

From spells over the cradle to linguistic magic of a networked mother — continuity and change of the nature of mothers’ language magic The essay draws attention to the fact that, since the old days, in the case of frustration connected with the child mothers have reached out for words, they have used words to affect both internal, psychic reality and the external one. Magical acts by means of language are based on the world image shared by the sender and the recipient. Polish folk culture positively valued phenomena referring to Polish Catholic symbols, therefore these symbols constitute protective and benevolent powers evoked in folk lullabies. The author suggests looking at contemporary linguistic activities performed by mothers frustrated with staying with the child, which activities are presented in the analysed website magazine Bachor as activities which also make use of the language magic. According to the author, the difference lies in changing the cultural context of linguistic behaviour and associating them in particular with the defining technology. In contemporary mediatised society the power of “obligatory existence”, which was characteristic of magical speech activities, supports and intensifies the equation of media by recipients. Therefore, the author sees Bachor as the act of blocking the language of success which makes room only for parents who are “effective” and affirm positive feelings by introducing into reality — by means of words, words in media — incapable, frustrated parents who are full of negative feelings. The subject is discussed in adescriptive and not in an evaluative way.
O kilku innowacyjnych sposobach językowego ujęcia relacji homo–animal w mowie współczesnych miłośników zwierząt
Authors: Wysocka Aneta
Published: March 2020

A few innovative ways of speaking about homo-animal relationships by contemporary animal loversThe study concerns the communication habits of animal lovers, considered against the background of the linguistic picture of the world, which is generally anthropocentric. The research material are comments posted on hobby websites. The analyses allowed the author to observe the active, reflective and critical attitude of many representatives of the community towards linguistic conventions. Its members attempt a dialogue with the tradition by using innovative expressions of people in relation to animals and animals in relation to people, new ways on naming the process of teaching the animal, as well as its death. However, the texts that speak of the latter case revealed the same need, which had a profound impact on the image of living beings in general Polish language — the imperative to distinguish between what is considered to be specifically human and that which is common throughout nature.
Wartościowanie w poradnictwie kulinarnym w świetle przeobrażeń społecznych drugiej połowy XX wieku
Authors: Smól Joanna
Published: March 2020

Valuing in cooking tips in light of the social transformations in the second half of the 20th centuryThe article describes valuing in cooking tips presented in the weekly Przyjaciółka between 1950 and 2000. The first part shows the typical values of cooking tips in the period of the Polish Republic of Poland, while the second part describes those that predominated in post-1989 cooking advice. Women’s magazines of the socialism era valued efficiency, speed of cooking and simplicity in the preparation of dishes. In contrast, after 1989, the aesthetics of serving the dishes, their excellent taste, originality, health benefits and elegant character were emphasized. This reevaluation is associated with the increased standard of living, opening to the world and changes in the contemporary Poles’ consciousness about healthy eating.
Wpływ zmian społecznych i kulturowych na etykietę językową początków doby nowopolskiej
Authors: Pawłowska Anita
Published: March 2020

The influence of social and cultural changes on the language etiquette at the beginning of the modern Poland ageThe aim of the article is to indicate the most important modifications in the Polish language etiquette that were conditioned by social and cultural changes which can be observed from the mid-18th century till the 1860s. What became visible in this period was the crisis of values typical of Sarmatism, which, as aconsequence, led to the disappearance of acts of language etiquette characteristic of the noble sociolect and the emergence of new polite forms. The corpus of the studied texts includes: letters, diaries, memoirs, dramas and novels. Such aselected language material allows for the examination of both written and oral polite forms, as well as it displays their formal and functional changeability in as broad social and cultural context as possible. The analysis of the collected material allows to state that the first century of the modern Poland age was the time of the fundamental changes in the Polish lan­guage etiquette. As much as the middle Poland age was the period of the enrichment of the structures, in the examined period there was aclear tendency to simplify and individualize them.