bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HERMENÊUTICA JURÍDICA E INTERVENCIONISMO JUDICIAL: CONCEITOS GERAIS E FENÔMENOS RELACIONADOS
Authors: Nistler Regiane
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo científico aborda a hermenêutica jurídica e o intervencionismo judicial. Tem como objetivo principal contextualizar a hermenêutica jurídica e seus fenômenos relacionados, especialmente ao analisar o ativismo judicial, a judicialização da política e suas diferenciações. Tem como objetivo secundário esclarecer brevemente alguns conceitos gerais importantes da hermenêutica jurídica. Neste intento, serão explicadas noções de discricionariedade judicial, teoria da decisão, racionalidade, resposta correta e constitucionalismo. O método usado na confecção do trabalho foi o indutivo. O levantamento de dados embasado na pesquisa bibliográfica doutrinária. As áreas jurídicas predominantes no estudo foram o direito público e o direito constitucional, notadamente a hermenêutica jurídica.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL EMPRESÁRIA DIANTE DA OMISSÃO DE “COMPLIANCE” AMBIENTAL – UMA ANÁLISE À LUZ DO “CONTRATO SOCIAL” DE JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
Authors: Rezende Elcio Nacur , Andrade Renato Campos
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem o fito de analisar a responsabilidade civil empresária por omissão de regras de compliance ambiental. Para tanto, perparsse-á pelo conceito de compliance, compliance ambiental, responsabilidade civil e responsabilidade civil ambiental, a fim de fundamentar o artigo com os conceitos necessários à compreesão do tema. Posteriormente, far-se-á conjugação dos institutos de maneira a entrelaçá-los e verificar se e como haverá responsabilidade pela ausência de programas de compliance ambiental. O marco teórico escolhido foi o Contrato Social de Rousseau na medida em que reforça o pacto entre sociedade e Estado para o cumprimento normativo.
Butterflies of Athgarh Forest Division, Odisha, Eastern India, with notes on some significant records
Authors: Payra Arajush , K. Dash Suraj , P. Das Udit , S. Palei Himanshu , K. Mishra Arun
Published: October 2019

The present paper deals with first annotated list of butterflies from Athgarh Forest Division, Odisha, India. 136 species belongs to six families were recorded during January 2015 to September 2015. Notes on some of the significant record of butterflies for the region, were provided along with their distribution. Among the recorded 136 species of butterflies, 14 species are legally protected under Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Muscle capillarization, their morphology and pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Krotkiewski M.
Published: October 2019

Morphological changes in muscles associated with a decrease in the number of fast, oxidizing muscle fibers of type IIA and an increase in the number of fast, glycolytic muscle fibers of type IIB, as well as a violation of the blood supply to muscle tissue, were considered by us in many pathological conditions associated with insulin resistance. Violation of tissue blood supply, closely associated with a decrease in sensitivity to insulin and the degree of hypertension, occurs at a relatively early stage, while an increase in the number of muscle fibers of type IIB occurs later and is associated with an increase in the concentration of atherogenic factors and hyperlipidemia. Type IIB muscle fibers (MF) are the most insulin-insensitive type MF and are not adapted to fat oxidation during muscle work. This contributes to the further development of insulin resistance and obesity; while the excess of fatty acids is sent to the liver, again violating its function. Excessive insulin also inhibits the liver. Hyperinsulinemia leads to inhibition of the synthesis of specific proteins such as the protein transporting testosterone (a sex hormone-binding globulin). As a result, an increased concentration of free testosterone leads to virilization of women and the further development of insulin insensitivity. In contrast to the previously existing concept, which assigned the main role to intra-abdominal adipose tissue, muscles and liver should also be considered as organs involved in the pathogenesis and development of the metabolic syndrome.
Australian Neonatal Nurses' Perceptions of Neurodevelopmental Care
Authors: Griffiths N. , Galea C. , Psaila K.
Published: October 2019

The value of supporting neurodevelopmental outcomes by reduc-ing stress and noxious stimuli in the NICU has been established in the literature over the past 20 years. Developmental care and its application in the clinical setting is reported as inconsistent, yet there is no literature exploring neonatal nurses’ perceptions of developmental care and its application within the Australian context. We undertook this survey to gauge the current practices across Australia as part of a planning exercise for future neu-rodevelopmental care (NDC) training and implementation of NIDCAP.
Global Perspectives of Developmental Care – Belize
Authors: Johnson Melissa R.
Published: October 2019

Of all the advances in neonatology in the past several decades, developmentally supportive, family-centered care is arguably one of the most powerful tools for improving outcomes in countries with limited economic resources. Developmental care does not require expensive technology, and rather it is based on sensitive observation, responsive hands-on care, and strengthening relationships among infants, families and caregivers. While some aspects of the highest quality, Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) based developmental care can be relatively costly (for example, single-room NICU design including family accommodations), resourceful and adaptive planners in developing countries are no strangers to ﬁnding creative solutions to such challenges. We have only to look at the history of kangaroo care to see strong proof of this concept, as countries as diverse as Colombia, South Africa and Argentina have led the way in developing and implementing this critical strategy.
MENANGGULANGI CYBERBULLYING DI SOSIAL MEDIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANALISA EKONOMI MIKRO
Authors: Gumbira Seno Wibowo , Sulistiyono Adi , Tejomurti Kukuh
Published: October 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah sistem pemidanaan undang-undang informasi dan transaksi elektronik dalam menanggulangi cyberbullying di sosial media telah berjalan efektif dan efisien karena dengan merujuk pada prinsip maksimalisasi, keseimbangan dan efisiensi? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis doktrinal. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Pasal 27 Jo Pasal 45 dirumuskan tidak melalui pengkajian dengan pendekatan analisa ekonomi mikro sehingga penegakan hukumnya tidak efektif dan efisien karena dengan merujuk pada prinsip maksimalisasi, keseimbangan dan efisiensi dan tidak mencerminkan falsafah bangsa dan negara Indonesia yakni Pancasila.
DELIK ZINA : UNSUR SUBSTANSIAL DAN PENYELESAIANNYA DALAM MASYARAKAT ADAT MADURA
Authors: Rozah Umi , Indarti Erlyn
Published: October 2019

Kehidupan masyarakat Madura ditopang prinsip religius dan komunal yang digunakan dalam menyepakati perbuatan yang dilarang dan mekanisme penyelesaiannya.  Permasalahan artikel ini adalah unsur substansial dalam delik zina menurut masyarakat madura dan mekanisme penyelesaian delik zina dalam masyarakat adat madura.  Tujuan penelitian mengetahui  unsur substansial delik zina menurut masyarakat madura, dan mengetahui mekanisme penyelesaiannya. Penelitian kualitatif  ini menggunakan pendekatan sociolegal research, dengan  Informan ditentukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian : 1. Unsur substansial perbuatan zina terdiri atas : persetubuhan antara laki-laki dan perempuan,  keduanya atau salah satunya terikat perkawinan, persetubuhan kedua pelakunya atau salah satu pelakunya tidak terikat perkawinan . 2.  Penyelesaian perbuatan zina pada masyarakat Madura melalui carok, yaitu pembunuhan  untuk mempertahankan martabat dan harga diri keluarga.
BAIL-IN DAN INTERCONNECTEDNESS: ISU HUKUM STRATEGIS DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN KRISIS SISTEM KEUANGAN
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti , Handayani Tri
Published: October 2019

Undang-Undang No. 9 Tahun 2016 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Krisis Sistem Keuangan mengatur prinsip-prinsip dalam pencegahan dan penanganan krisis sistem keuangan yang tidak diatur sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menganalisis  implementasi prinsip bail in dan interconnectedness dalam pencegahan dan penanganan krisis sistem keuangan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis, dan data dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa implementasi bail-in dalam penanganan bank  sistemik dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan kemampuan bank baik melalui penambahan modal (capital surcharge) maupun pengubahan utang atau investasi menjadi penyertaan (debt to equity swap). Saling keterkaitan (interconnectedness) antara sektor jasa keuangan menuntut adanya kebijakan makroprudensial yang bersifat melengkapi kebijakan mikroprudensial dan pengawasan sektor jasa keuangan yang terintegrasi.
Proč a jak vyučovat dějiny vědy?
Authors: Poupová Jana
Published: October 2019

Studie upozorňuje na přínos, který může mít začlenění dějin vědy do školní výuky. Sleduje historii výuky dějin vědy od prvních náznaků z Anglie 2. poloviny 19. století přes dobu jejího rozkvětu v poválečných letech až po její proniknutí do kurikulárních dokumentů řady evropských zemí na sklonku 20. století. Uvádí také hlavní mezníky ve výuce dějin vědy v Česku a shrnuje argumenty, kterými se obhajovalo zavádění výuky dějin vědy (například lepší poznání povahy vědy nebo zlidštění odtažitého světa vědy). Na příkladu dějin biologie hodnotí vyzkoušené metody jejich výuky (například využívání případových studií, životopisů či původních vědeckých textů). Blíže posuzuje výhody a nevýhody konstruktivistického a instrumentálního způsobu výuky dějin biologie a navádí učitele, jak ve výuce využít silné stránky obou přístupů.
Avaliação de redução da turbidez e coloração da água por filtro alternativo construído a partir de caroço de castanha-do-Pará (Bertholletia excelsa)
Authors: Santos Ayslla Mendonça dos Santos , Brito Jefferson Padilha , Miranda Fábio da Silva , Seabra Ana Laura Gordo , Maciel Glenda Emilly Sousa Barbosa , Barbosa Ivan Carlos da Costa
Published: October 2019

A água é um recurso essencial à vida e de extrema importância para o ser humano. Porém, para ser considerada própria para o consumo é necessário que ela obedeça certos parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência da utilização de filtro de água produzido a partir de matéria-prima alternativa para avaliar sua eficiência na redução da turbidez e cor da água dos bairros Condor, Coqueiro e Marambaia, localizados na cidade de Belém, que são abastecidos pela Companhia de Saneamento do Pará (COSANPA). O filtro é composto de garrafas de polietileno tereftalato, calcário, brita e carvão ativado (CA) obtido a partir de caroços de Castanha-do-Pará (Bertholletia excelsa). Foram feitas coletas de água nos três bairros, bem como a aplicação de formulários para obtenção de respostas a respeito da água fornecida. Foram realizadas análises de turbidez e cor nas amostras antes e após o uso do filtro. Os resultados obtidos em relação às características sensoriais (odor, sabor e cor) mostraram que 90% dos entrevistados percebia uma alteração de cor e sabor. Houve redução da turbidez após o uso do filtro em todas as amostras de água dos bairros Condor, Coqueiro e Marambaia, apresentando valores percentuais de redução em 65, 100 e 88%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que o carvão ativado de caroço de Castanha-do-Pará é eficiente no processo de filtragem, sendo uma alternativa de baixo custo e ambientalmente sustentável.
Null controllability for a degenerate population model in divergence form via Carleman estimates
Authors: Fragnelli Genni
Published: October 2019

In this paper we consider a degenerate population equation in divergence form depending on time, on age and on space and we prove a related null controllability result via Carleman estimates.
Recognition of prior learning of English: Test or assess?
Authors: Pilkinton-Pihko Diane , Suviniitty Jaana , Kauppinen Tomi
Published: October 2019

Living in learning societies encourages learning outside the classroom. Alongside this reality, higher education institutions have been incorporating policies and procedures that support recognition of prior learning (RPL). This development means establishing adequate RPL assessment practices. Our empirical study at the Aalto University Language Centre investigates the networked nature of prior learning among RPL seekers as a means to inform the RPL of English assessment. To examine this, we gathered anonymous data on the type and range of prior learning among 273 students seeking RPL of English. This preliminary study showed three elementary prior learning types: work experience, self-study and leisure activities – which primarily involved using English as a lingua franca. To discover and visualise frequently co-occurring activities, we employed data mining. The analysis revealed the networked nature of prior learning of English. Moreover, the common working-life tasks that emerged from the data differ greatly from those in the RPL of English test. The difference implies that a learner-centred assessment, such as a portfolio, would be a better alternative for RPL than formal testing. It also implies that the English curriculum needs to be updated to align it better with industry needs.
Discourse functions in a dialogic speaking test task
Authors: Varcasia Cecilia
Published: October 2019

This paper explores, through the use of the observation checklist and Conversation Analysis (CA), the discourse functions elicited by the dialogic task of the Free University of Bolzano (IT) speaking test. It aims to contribute to content validation, which has been claimed to be especially relevant in paired speaking tests, where interaction is co-constructed by participants. Lazaraton has argued that the investigation of the process of the assessment of speaking competences represents, for todays’ research, a question of almost the same importance as outcome scores. The paper investigates the predictions of the construct through the actual elicitation of functions in the task performance of the test. Results are analysed qualitatively with respect to informational, interactional, and management-of-interaction functions. Some quantitative analysis was also conducted to determine the relative frequency of each function. Outcomes were found to be in line with previous research in the proportion of use of the three different types of functions, informational, interactional and management of interaction. The paper finally discusses the advantages and disadvantages of exploring test content through the lenses of observation checklists and CA, the first providing a general framework in which discourse functions can be outlined, and the second providing a more fine-tuned view of the data and of the complexity of exploitation of each function.
Focus on management and leadership in language centres: The needs and challenges of a language centre director
Authors: Rontu Heidi , Tuomi Ulla-Kristiina , Gekeler Petra , Pérez Guillot Cristina , Schaffner Sabina
Published: October 2019

The organisational status and the main tasks of a university language centre are given different interpretations in different universities. Some language centres find themselves in a challenging situation where the centre’s existence seems to be at stake, whereas others prosper and find positively encouraging opportunities for the future. All this is reflected in the work of language centre directors across Europe. To discuss these challenges and to further develop the cooperation of directors, a Focus Group on Management and Leadership has been established by CercleS. The aim of the focus group is to create a low threshold-network for directors for sharing challenges and questions and by doing this to provide collegial support in management and leadership issues. The focus group conducted a survey in 2015 to learn more about the management and leadership challenges and the support needs of directors. In this paper, we will discuss the results of the focus group survey. The target is to discern common themes and develop recommendations for directors’ future professional cooperation. There will be a particular focus on sharing experiences and ideas for strategy work, staff development and funding, by creating a supportive professional network. Such a network includes a coaching and mentoring system for directors within the CercleS member language centres. The common theme is empowerment: supporting directors in a collegial framework to share experiences, develop their centres further, and increase their own personal well-being at work.
Apprenticing future economists: Analysing an ESP course through the lens of the new CEFR extended framework
Authors: Portman Daniel , Broido Monica
Published: October 2019

Increasingly, professionally-oriented tertiary institutions are concerned with equipping their students with the English language skills needed in today’s global professional world. The recently extended 2018 Common European Framework (CEFR) provides useful guidance to help institutions develop curricula to achieve this goal. This paper describes an advanced English for Economics course, whose aim is to facilitate economics students’ traversal from student to professional, in terms of English can-dos (mostly B2–C1), as described in the 2018 CEFR Companion Volume. The pedagogy informing the course is three-pronged, drawing on English for Specific Purposes, twenty-first century skills, and the CEFR. We show how analysing such a course through the CEFR can help devise an anticipated learning trajectory for economics students about to enter the professional world. Our analysis highlights the fact that even though the newly extended CEFR does mention plurilingualism in the mediation can-dos, it does so only in terms of individual production. In the twenty-first century language classroom, where plurilingualism is part and parcel of understanding and carrying out the required tasks, much work is carried out in groups, with technology playing a key role in language mediation. We find that group and technology-assisted mediation activities are substantially different to the individually-oriented mediation activities described in the extended framework. Therefore, we suggest fine tuning, and perhaps adding, mediation can-dos to reflect the realities of tertiary pedagogical settings preparing learners for twenty-first century professional environments.
Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
Authors: Hu Xiao-Fang , Ding Zong-Bao , Chen Yue , Luo Jiang-Fu , He Jian-Min , Yin Tian-Peng
Published: October 2019

Flower teas are widely consumed across the world because of their beneficial health effects. The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from ten common flower teas in China were evaluated using four antioxidant assays. The total phenolic (TPCs) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) were also investigated. Most of these flower teas exhibited potent antioxidant effects, of which rosae rugosae flos exerted the strongest antioxidant effects in four assays. Rosae rugosae flos also exerted the highest TPC, while fragrans showed the highest TFC. Correction analysis indicated that phenolics play a key role in the antioxidant effect of flower teas, while flavonoids were poorly correlated with antioxidant activity. The results supported the consumption of flower teas as functional foods and their application as sources of natural antioxidants in the food industry.
Effect of Boundary Conditions on Residual Stresses and Distortion in 316 Stainless Steel Butt Welded Plate
Authors: Venkatkumar Dhayanithi , Ravindran Durairaj
Published: October 2019

In the present work, the prediction of residual stresses and distortion due to GTA welding process, a Finite Element (FE)Method has been developed and applied. Stainless steel plate of 3mm thickness is taken for the analysis. The prediction of residual stresses and distortion is performed by thermal and mechanical analysis that is sequentially coupled. The thermal analysis and mechanical analysis of the plate subjected to heat source movement have been studied consecutively. The FE analysis is performed in ANSYS software. In transient thermal analysis, Gaussian distribution model has been used for heat input of the arc. During modeling, the physical and mechanical properties that depend on temperature are considered. The heat transfer losses through all the three mechanisms are incorporated. For validating the FE simulated analysis, an experiment is conducted. The predicted thermal histories are very close agreement with measured thermocouple readings. After validation of thermal analysis results, the transient thermal histories are used as input for further mechanical analysis to simulate. The large displacement theory is used to conduct mechanical analysis. The effect of constraints on distortion and residual stresses are numerically studied. The predicted stresses and distortion results of different cases are discussed and presented.
Determination of Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders and Corrective Priorities to Perform the Work in Dental Careers by Posture Analysis Using REBA in Shahrekord
Authors: Kahyani Zabih Allah , Karimi Mehrdad , Amiri Masoud , Mosharraf Soheila , Rouhi Broujeni Hojjat
Published: October 2019

Background and aims: Nowadays, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational diseases. The prevention of these disorders requires a posture analysis during work and the improvement of working conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and corrective priorities to perform the work by conducting postures analysis using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the posture of dentists during working was analyzed using the REBA software. The incidence rate of musculoskeletal disorders was investigated by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this applied study, the incidence rates of the pain in neck, waist, shoulders, and wrists were reported to be 68%, 55%, 41% and 28%, respectively. The above-mentioned values were higher in women than in men. The pain in thigh and leg was related to work and the pain in ankle and sole was related to body mass index (BMI). The relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and occupational postures of dentists was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Training the principles of ergonomics and anthropometrics, the correct methods and principles of performing work, and the ways of using the instruments are necessary for the studied population. Occupational postures require ergonomic intervention and correction.
Detection of Zoonotic Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella spp. Carrying Virulence Genes in Rural Mus musculus, Golestan Province, North of Iran
Authors: Namroodi Somayeh
Published: October 2019

Background and aims: Salmonella spp. infect cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals and may cause a worldwide zoonotic disease, salmonellosis, in infected animals. Rodents can be Salmonella carriers without any signs of salmonellosis. The frequency of salmonella contamination, the presence of virulence genes (SpvR and SpvB) and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Salmonella were studied in rural Mus musculus to reveal the possible role of them in Salmonella dissemination in Golestan province. Methods: A total of 190 wet rectal swabs of M. musculus were obtained from rural areas of Golestan province with different climate conditions. The swabs were cultured and positive samples were serotyped and their antibiotic resistance patterns were studied. The presence of Salmonella and virulence genes was analyzed by SpvR and SpvB genes primers, respectively. Results: Salmonella spp. were detected in 15 (7%) of 190 fecal samples by bacterial culture and PCR. S. enteritidis (n=9) and S. typhimurium (n=6) were identified. The highest and lowest frequencies were detected in humid (13.1%) and arid areas (3.1%), respectively. SpvR and SpvB genes were diagnosed in 10 of 15 (66.6%) isolated Salmonella. The highest resistance of detected Salmonella spp. was observed against streptomycin (53%). All the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and trimethoprim. Conclusion: The Salmonella contamination in sampled house mice indicates that native people should be made aware of the risk of Salmonella infection and possible ways of salmonella transmission through rodents. In addition, the application of appropriate therapeutic approaches to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant Salmonella is recommended.
Marital Status and Physical Health: Racial Differences
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: October 2019

Background and aims: As suggested by the Minorities’ Diminished Return Theory, the association between socioeconomic status and health is weaker for racial and ethnic minorities compared to Whites. The current study compared Blacks and Whites in terms of the association between marital status and physical health. Methods: The State of the State Survey (SOSS) included 881 adults (92 Blacks and 782 Whites) generalizable to the state of Michigan, the United States. The marital status and self-rated physical health (SRPH), which was measured using a single item, were considered as independent and dependent variables, respectively. In addition, age, gender, education, and employment were covariates and race/ ethnicity was regarded as the moderating factor. Finally, logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the results, being married was associated with better SRPH, which is the net considered by all confounders. A significant interaction was found between race and marital status on SRPH, suggesting a larger association for Blacks compared to Whites. In race stratified models, marital status was related to better SRPH for Whites and Blacks, but the magnitude of this link was larger for Blacks compared to Whites. Conclusion: Overall, marital status was differently linked to SRPM for Whites and Blacks. Accordingly, policymakers should be cautious while not assuming that diverse racial and ethnic groups with similar economic resources have similar health status.
The Association of Body Image With Anthropometric Measures and Eating Disorders Among Students From University Sports Teams
Authors: Miri Nastaran , Noroozi Mostafa , Zavoshy Rosa , Ezzeddin Neda
Published: October 2019

Background and aims: Body image is defined as a complex concept involving a person’s thoughts, feelings, and attitudes about his/her body. The body image dissatisfaction may expose the individuals, specifically athletes, to eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this study is to assess the association of body image score with EDs and anthropometric measures in students from university sports teams. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 225 students from sports teams of Qazvin University in 2014. The samples were selected by the census method. The Multidimensional BodySelf Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), eating attitudes test (EAT-26) questionnaire, and demographic information questionnaire were used for collecting data. Anthropometric characteristics were also measured. The data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22.0. Results: The result of the study showed that the association of body image score with age (P=0.012, OR=0.80, CI=0.179, 1.437) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (P=0.013, OR=-52.14, CI=-93.20, -11.08) was positively significant. Although the mean body image score was lower in students with EDs, it was not statistically significant. In addition, there was not a significant association between body image score and other variables such as marital status, gender, educational level, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and hip circumference (HC) (P>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the body image had a positive significant association with age, and a negative significant one with WHtR. This may indicate that abdominal obesity plays an important role in body image satisfaction among students from the university sports teams.
A Case-Control Study of Timely Control and Investigation of an Entamoeba Histolytica Outbreak by Primary Health Care in Idahluy-e Bozorg Village, Iran
Authors: Azizi Hosein , Davtalab-Esmaeili Elham , Mirzapour Mohammad , Karimi Golamali , Rostampour Mahdi , Mirzaei Yagoob
Published: October 2019

Background and aims: Experience transfer and the knowledge utilization of rapid and timely outbreak control can be the key path-finding to health systems (HSs). The aim of this study was to investigate an Entamoeba histolytica diarrhea outbreak through timely control. Methods: A case-control study and an environmental survey were conducted to identify the source of infection and the outbreak etiological agent. Sixty-two confirmed cases in Idahluye Bozorg village, Iran, and 62 group-matched controls (in terms of age and sex) were selected from the healthy neighbors of the same village during the same period. Then, multiple logistic regression was applied to calculate the adjusted odds ratio for diarrhea risk. Results: Totally, 250 cases were identified by a continuous common source epidemic from January 19th to 31st, 2018. Out of the total 36 stool samples, E. histolytica was detected as the common organism. In addition, the final analysis indicated that network drinking water (NDW) increased the odds of diarrhea (16.56, 95% CI=4.14-64.87), whereas well water and boiling water had protective effects and decreased the odds of diarrhea by 81% and 66%, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, the source of infection was detected due to the contamination of underground NDW by pipe sewage erosion. Therefore, additional monitoring of water systems is necessary, especially during the summer and regarding full readiness for outbreak control.
Frailty and Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients Aged 65 Years or Older with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Liu Jiapeng , Du Xin , Li Mengmeng , Jia Zhaoxu , Lu Shangxin , Chang Sanshuai , Tang Ribo , Bai Rong , Dong Jianzeng , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Ma Changsheng
Published: October 2019

Background: Elderly adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at increased risk of frailty and thromboembolic complications. However, studies on the prevalence of frailty in AF patients and data on the relationship between frailty and the use of anticoagulants are limited.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 500 participants. Patients aged 65 years or older were consecutively selected from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study. The patient’s frailty status was assessed with use of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale. We assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with frailty, and how frailty affects anticoagulant therapy.

Results: In 500 elderly adults with AF (age 75.2±6.7 years; 51.6% female), 201 patients (40.2%) were frail. The prevalence of frailty was higher in females (P=0.002) and increased with age and CHA2DS2-VASc score (P for trend less than 0.001 for both). The factors associated with frailty were a history of heart failure (odds ratio [OR] 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–4.14), female sex (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.27–3.43), and advanced age (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.17). Frail patients were significantly less likely to have ever been prescribed anticoagulants compared with nonfrail patients (81.7 vs. 54.9%, P<0.001).

Conclusions: Frailty is prevalent in elderly adults with AF, especially in females, those of advanced age, and those with heart failure. Frailty status has a significant impact on prescription of anticoagulants for high-risk AF patients.
Mechanisms of Neuronal Alternative Splicing and Strategies for Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Lopez Soto Eduardo Javier , Gandal Michael J. , Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis Thomas , Heller Elizabeth A. , Luo Diou , Zheng Sika
Published: October 2019

Many cellular and physiological processes are coordinated by regulatory networks that produce a remarkable complexity of transcript isoforms. In the mammalian nervous system, alternative pre-mRNA splicing generates functionally distinct isoforms that play key roles in normal physiology, supporting development, plasticity, complex behaviors, and cognition. Neuronal splicing programs controlled by RNA-binding proteins, are influenced by chromatin modifications and can exhibit neuronal subtype specificity. As highlighted in recent publications, aberrant alternative splicing is a major contributor to disease phenotypes. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of alternative splicing regulation and identifying functional splicing isoforms with critical phenotypic roles are expected to provide a comprehensive resource for therapeutic development, as illuminated by recent successful interventions of spinal muscular atrophy. Here, we discuss the latest progress in the study of the emerging complexity of alternative splicing mechanisms in neurons, and how these findings inform new therapies to correct and control splicing defects.
Pleiotropic Mitochondria: The Influence of Mitochondria on Neuronal Development and Disease
Authors: Rangaraju Vidhya , Lewis Tommy L. , Hirabayashi Yusuke , Bergami Matteo , Motori Elisa , Cartoni Romain , Kwon Seok-Kyu , Courchet Julien
Published: October 2019

Mitochondria play many important biological roles, including ATP production, lipid biogenesis, ROS regulation, and calcium clearance. In neurons, the mitochondrion is an essential organelle for metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Moreover, mitochondria are extremely dynamic and able to divide, fuse, and move along microtubule tracks to ensure their distribution to the neuronal periphery. Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitochondrial dynamics are observed in a wide range of conditions, from impaired neuronal development to various neurodegenerative diseases. Novel imaging techniques and genetic tools provide unprecedented access to the physiological roles of mitochondria by visualizing mitochondrial trafficking, morphological dynamics, ATP generation, and ultrastructure. Recent studies using these new techniques have unveiled the influence of mitochondria on axon branching, synaptic function, calcium regulation with the ER, glial cell function, neurogenesis, and neuronal repair. This review provides an overview of the crucial roles played by mitochondria in the CNS in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Cannabis and the Developing Brain: Insights into Its Long-Lasting Effects
Authors: Hurd Yasmin L. , Manzoni Olivier J. , Pletnikov Mikhail V. , Lee Francis S. , Bhattacharyya Sagnik , Melis Miriam
Published: October 2019

The recent shift in sociopolitical debates and growing liberalization of cannabis use across the globe has raised concern regarding its impact on vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and adolescents. Epidemiological studies have long demonstrated a relationship between developmental cannabis exposure and later mental health symptoms. This relationship is especially strong in people with particular genetic polymorphisms, suggesting that cannabis use interacts with genotype to increase mental health risk. Seminal animal research directly linked prenatal and adolescent exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive component of cannabis, with protracted effects on adult neural systems relevant to psychiatric and substance use disorders. In this article, we discuss some recent advances in understanding the long-term molecular, epigenetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral consequences of prenatal, perinatal, and adolescent exposure to cannabis/delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Insights are provided from both animal and human studies, includingin vivoneuroimaging strategies.
Advanced Circuit and Cellular Imaging Methods in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Macknik Stephen L. , Alexander Robert G. , Caballero Olivya , Chanovas Jordi , Nielsen Kristina J. , Nishimura Nozomi , Schaffer Chris B. , Slovin Hamutal , Babayoff Amit , Barak Ravid , Tang Shiming , Ju Niansheng , Yazdan-Shahmorad Azadeh , Alonso Jose-Manuel , Malinskiy Eugene , Martinez-Conde Susana
Published: October 2019

Novel genetically encoded tools and advanced microscopy methods have revolutionized neural circuit analyses in insects and rodents over the last two decades. Whereas numerous technical hurdles originally barred these methodologies from success in nonhuman primates (NHPs), current research has started to overcome those barriers. In some cases, methodological advances developed with NHPs have even surpassed their precursors. One such advance includes new ultra-large imaging windows on NHP cortex, which are larger than the entire rodent brain and allow analysis unprecedented ultra-large-scale circuits. NHP imaging chambers now remain patent for periods longer than a mouse's lifespan, allowing for long-term all-optical interrogation of identified circuits and neurons over timeframes that are relevant to human cognitive development. Here we present some recent imaging advances brought forth by research teams using macaques and marmosets. These include technical developments in optogenetics; voltage-, calcium- and glutamate-sensitive dye imaging; two-photon and wide-field optical imaging; viral delivery; and genetic expression of indicators and light-activated proteins that result in the visualization of tens of thousands of identified cortical neurons in NHPs. We describe a subset of the many recent advances in circuit and cellular imaging tools in NHPs focusing here primarily on the research presented during the corresponding mini-symposium at the 2019 Society for Neuroscience annual meeting.
BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community
Authors: Litvina Elizabeth , Adams Amy , Barth Alison , Bruchez Marcel , Carson James , Chung Jason E. , Dupre Kristin B. , Frank Loren M. , Gates Kathleen M. , Harris Kristen M. , Joo Hannah , William Lichtman Jeff , Ramos Khara M. , Sejnowski Terrence , Trimmer James S. , White Samantha , Koroshetz Walter
Published: October 2019

The overarching goal of the NIH BRAIN (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) Initiative is to advance the understanding of healthy and diseased brain circuit function through technological innovation. Core principles for this goal include the validation and dissemination of the myriad innovative technologies, tools, methods, and resources emerging from BRAIN-funded research. Innovators, BRAIN funding agencies, and non-Federal partners are working together to develop strategies for making these products usable, available, and accessible to the scientific community. Here, we describe several early strategies for supporting the dissemination of BRAIN technologies. We aim to invigorate a dialogue with the neuroscience research and funding community, interdisciplinary collaborators, and trainees about the existing and future opportunities for cultivating groundbreaking research products into mature, integrated, and adaptable research systems. Along with the accompanying Society for Neuroscience 2019 Mini-Symposium, “BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community,” we spotlight the work of several BRAIN investigator teams who are making progress toward providing tools, technologies, and services for the neuroscience community. These tools access neural circuits at multiple levels of analysis, from subcellular composition to brain-wide network connectivity, including the following: integrated systems for EM- and florescence-based connectomics, advances in immunolabeling capabilities, and resources for recording and analyzing functional connectivity. Investigators describe how the resources they provide to the community will contribute to achieving the goals of the NIH BRAIN Initiative. Finally, in addition to celebrating the contributions of these BRAIN-funded investigators, the Mini-Symposium will illustrate the broader diversity of BRAIN Initiative investments in cutting-edge technologies and resources.
The Storytelling Brain: How Neuroscience Stories Help Bridge the Gap between Research and Society
Authors: Martinez-Conde Susana , Alexander Robert G. , Blum Deborah , Britton Noah , Lipska Barbara K. , Quirk Gregory J. , Swiss Jamy Ian , Willems Roel M. , Macknik Stephen L.
Published: October 2019

Active communication between researchers and society is necessary for the scientific community's involvement in developing science-based policies. This need is recognized by governmental and funding agencies that compel scientists to increase their public engagement and disseminate research findings in an accessible fashion. Storytelling techniques can help convey science by engaging people's imagination and emotions. Yet, many researchers are uncertain about how to approach scientific storytelling, or feel they lack the tools to undertake it. Here we explore some of the techniques intrinsic to crafting scientific narratives, as well as the reasons why scientific storytelling may be an optimal way of communicating research to nonspecialists. We also point out current communication gaps between science and society, particularly in the context of neurodiverse audiences and those that include neurological and psychiatric patients. Present shortcomings may turn into areas of synergy with the potential to link neuroscience education, research, and advocacy.
Shaping the Conversation: Madeleine de Scudéry's Use of Genre in Her Rhetorical Dialogues
Authors: Griffin Danielle
Published: October 2019

This essay argues that Madeleine de Scudéry's engagement with the early modern dialogue genre in Conversations sur Divers Sujets reflects and strengthens the conversational theory that scholars have pinpointed as an important feminist rhetorical strategy. By imagining and constructing the dialogue to function as a metadiscourse on the conversational theories that provide the speaking points of her characters, Scudéry enacts her rhetorical theory of sermo in addition to describing it. After an overview of varying forms of the dialogue genre in Renaissance Europe, a comparison between Scudéry's Conversations and Sir Thomas Elyot's The Defence of Good Women illuminates Scudéry's feminist construction of the genre and exemplifies her choice to use the dialogue to both perform and advance her theories on conversational practice.
The Interpretive-Sensory Access Theory of Self-Knowledge: Simplicity and Coherence with Surrounding Theories
Authors: Rimkevičius Paulius
Published: October 2019

The interpretive-sensory access (ISA) theory of self-knowledge claims that one knows one’s own mind by turning one’s capacity to know other minds onto oneself. Previously, researchers mostly debated whether the theory receives the most support from the results of empirical research. They have given much less attention to the question whether the theory is the simplest of the available alternatives. I argue that the question of simplicity should be considered in light of the well-established theories surrounding the ISA theory. I claim that the ISA theory then proves to be the simplest. I reply to objections to this claim related to recent developments in this area of research: the emergence of a unified transparency theory of self-knowledge and the relative establishment of the predictive processing theory.
Discourses and Semantic Tropes of the Philosophical Explication of Video Games
Authors: Belyaev Dmitry Anatolyevich , Belyaeva Ulyana Pavlovna
Published: October 2019

The article explores one of the most remarkable and dynamic phenomena of modern technoculture – video games. It reconstructs the genesis of the philosophical discourse on video games, exposing the main difficulties arising in making the definitions. Special importance is attached to the critical comparative analysis of the major strategies for the philosophical explication of video games. With the aid of the method of comparative-historical reconstruction and a structuralist approach, the essential correlations between the essential definition of a video game and the ontological systems of Plato, the Gnostics, G. Berkeley, E. Kant, as well as post-modern philosophy was established. The research results in formulating a model-integrative definition of a video game.
The Subject and the Real: Ethical Implications of A. Badiou’s Philosophy
Authors: Pocius Kasparas
Published: October 2019

Alain Badiou’s theory of ethics of the subject implies that the individual interpellation of the symbolic plane could be secondary to the truth process, which grounds the formation of the subject. We arrive at the hypothesis that the subject of the interpellation is already a subject of truth when the symbolic interpellation process starts.In the paper, two contemporary ethical orientations are emphasized: democratic materialism, which comprises the idealism created by market laws, and a materialist dialectic, which opens the possibility of the subject’s formation during the struggles. However, Badiou’s attempts to create an alternative symbolic plane – a historical plane – do not seem reassuring; therefore, one must look at the event-producing-history from the psychoanalytical perspective.The theory of drives opens the possibility to relate Badiou’s subject to the repressed real, to show him as immune to the desire, which may be derived from a symbolical plane, and able to ground his struggles with revolutionary jouissance while not allowing history to end too early.
Greimas’s Semiotics: Between Structuralism and Phenomenology
Authors: Jonkus Dalius
Published: October 2019

Greimas’s semiotics is characterized by an inner duality. This is the inner tension between structuralism and phenomenology. The aim of the paper is to reveal the relationship between structuralism and phenomenology in semiotics. Structuralism and phenomenology have a different understanding of the role of the subject in creating and understanding meanings. Early Greimas understood value systems through the linguistic prism and eliminated the discursive system’s subject itself. Late Greimas’s approach to the subject changed and coincided with the subject of daily experience, who was involved in the selection and creation of meanings. Greimas’s semiotics came closer to phenomenology, but only partially. The concept of bodily and sensory experience in Greimas’s semiotics is constructed from objectivistic positions of science. The body and sensual perception are understood as intermediaries between the inner and outer worlds.
Ukrainian migrants in Spain: settlement or return?
Authors: Gorodetska Galyna
Published: October 2019

The article examines the driving force and the effects of staying of Ukrainian immigrants in Spain. Do they intend to return to Ukraine? And whether planning to build their lives in Spain?
Through the prism of such factors as employment in the labor market in Spain, the presence/absence of a family in a new country, the situation in Ukraine, and access to various social services offered by the country of immigration, is shown Ukrainian migrant future choice.