bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitoribosome insufficiency in β cells is associated with type 2 diabetes-like islet failure
Authors: Hong Hyun Jung , Joung Kyong Hye , Kim Yong Kyung , Choi Min Jeong , Kang Seul Gi , Kim Jung Tae , Kang Yea Eun , Chang Joon Young , Moon Joon Ho , Jun Sangmi , Ro Hyun-Joo , Lee Yujeong , Kim Hyeongseok , Park Jae-Hyung , Kang Baeki E. , Jo Yunju , Choi Heejung , Ryu Dongryeol , Lee Chul-Ho , Kim Hail , Park Kyu-Sang , Kim Hyun Jin , Shong Minho
Published: July 2022

Genetic variations in mitoribosomal subunits and mitochondrial transcription factors are related to type 2 diabetes. However, the role of islet mitoribosomes in the development of type 2 diabetes has not been determined. We investigated the effects of the mitoribosomal gene on β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. Mitoribosomal gene expression was analyzed in datasets from the NCBI GEO website (GSE25724, GSE76894, and GSE76895) and the European Nucleotide Archive (ERP017126), which contain the transcriptomes of type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic organ donors. We found deregulation of most mitoribosomal genes in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes, including partial downregulation of CRIF1. The phenotypes of haploinsufficiency in a single mitoribosomal gene were examined using β-cell-specific Crif1 (Mrpl59) heterozygous-deficient mice. Crif1beta+/− mice had normal glucose tolerance, but their islets showed a loss of first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. They also showed increased β-cell mass associated with higher expression of Reg family genes. However, Crif1beta+/− mice showed earlier islet failure in response to high-fat feeding, which was exacerbated by aging. Haploinsufficiency of a single mitoribosomal gene predisposes rodents to glucose intolerance, which resembles the early stages of type 2 diabetes in humans.
PFKFB3 regulates cancer stemness through the hippo pathway in small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Thirusangu Prabhu , Ray Upasana , Sarkar Bhattacharya Sayantani , Oien Derek B. , Jin Ling , Staub Julie , Kannan Nagarajan , Molina Julian R. , Shridhar Viji
Published: July 2022

PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase) is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis and is overexpressed in several human cancers that are associated with poor prognosis. High PFKFB3 expression in cancer stem cells promotes glycolysis and survival in the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of PFKFB3 by the glycolytic inhibitor PFK158 and by shRNA stable knockdown in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines inhibited glycolysis, proliferation, spheroid formation, and the expression of cancer stem cell markers CD133, Aldh1, CD44, Sox2, and ABCG2. These factors are also associated with chemotherapy resistance. We found that PFK158 treatment and PFKFB3 knockdown enhanced the ABCG2-interacting drugs doxorubicin, etoposide, and 5-fluorouracil in reducing cell viability under conditions of enriched cancer stem cells (CSC). Additionally, PFKFB3 inhibition attenuated the invasion/migration of SCLC cells by downregulating YAP/TAZ signaling while increasing pLATS1 via activation of pMST1 and NF2 and by reducing the mesenchymal protein expression. PFKFB3 knockdown and PFK158 treatment in a H1048 SCLC cancer stem cell-enriched mouse xenograft model showed significant reduction in tumor growth and weight with reduced expression of cancer stem cell markers, ABCG2, and YAP/TAZ. Our findings identify that PFKFB3 is a novel target to regulate cancer stem cells and its associated therapeutic resistance markers YAP/TAZ and ABCG2 in SCLC models.
Health-related quality of life, psychological distress, and fatigue in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223 therapy
Authors: van der Doelen Maarten J. , Oving Irma M. , Wyndaele Dirk N. J. , van Basten Jean-Paul , Terheggen Frederiek , van de Luijtgaarden Addy C. M. , Oyen Wim. J. G. , van Schelven W. Dick , van den Berkmortel Franchette , Mehra Niven , Janssen Marcel J. R. , Prins Judith B. , Gerritsen Winald R. , Custers José A. E. , van Oort Inge M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Radium-223 is a registered treatment option for symptomatic bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Aim of this multicenter, prospective observational cohort study was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), psychological distress and fatigue in mCRPC patients treated with radium-223.

Methods

Primary endpoint was cancer-specific and bone metastases-related HR-QoL, as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30 and BM-22 questionnaires. Secondary endpoints were psychological distress and fatigue, evaluated by the HADS and CIS-Fatigue questionnaires. Outcomes were analyzed for the total cohort and between subgroups (1-3 versus 4-5 versus 6 radium-223 injections). A trajectory analysis was performed to explore HR-QoL patterns over time.

Results

In total, 122 patients were included for analysis. Baseline HR-QoL, pain intensity, psychological distress and fatigue were worse in patients who did not complete radium-223 therapy. In patients who completed therapy, stabilization of HR-QoL was perceived and psychological distress and fatigue remained stable, whereas clinically meaningful and statistically significant deterioration of HR-QoL, psychological distress and fatigue over time was observed in patients who discontinued radium-223 therapy. Trajectory analysis revealed that HR-QoL deterioration over time was more likely in patients with baseline opioid use, low hemoglobin and high alkaline phosphatase levels.

Conclusions

Patients who discontinued radium-223 therapy showed worse HR-QoL, psychological distress and fatigue at baseline and more frequent deterioration of HR-QoL, psychological distress and fatigue over time when compared to patients who completed therapy. Specific attention with regard to HR-QoL during follow-up is indicated in patients with opioid use, low hemoglobin and high alkaline phosphatase levels before radium-223 therapy initiation.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT04995614.
Liquid–liquid phase separation in tumor biology
Authors: Tong Xuhui , Tang Rong , Xu Jin , Wang Wei , Zhao Yingjun , Yu Xianjun , Shi Si
Published: July 2022

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a novel principle for explaining the precise spatial and temporal regulation in living cells. LLPS compartmentalizes proteins and nucleic acids into micron-scale, liquid-like, membraneless bodies with specific functions, which were recently termed biomolecular condensates. Biomolecular condensates are executors underlying the intracellular spatiotemporal coordination of various biological activities, including chromatin organization, genomic stability, DNA damage response and repair, transcription, and signal transduction. Dysregulation of these cellular processes is a key event in the initiation and/or evolution of cancer, and emerging evidence has linked the formation and regulation of LLPS to malignant transformations in tumor biology. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the detailed mechanisms of biomolecular condensate formation and biophysical function and review the recent major advances toward elucidating the multiple mechanisms involved in cancer cell pathology driven by aberrant LLPS. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic perspectives of LLPS in cancer research and the most recently developed drug candidates targeting LLPS modulation that can be used to combat tumorigenesis.
EEG Dataset for RSVP and P300 Speller Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Won Kyungho , Kwon Moonyoung , Ahn Minkyu , Jun Sung Chan
Published: July 2022

As attention to deep learning techniques has grown, many researchers have attempted to develop ready-to-go brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that include automatic processing pipelines. However, to do so, a large and clear dataset is essential to increase the model’s reliability and performance. Accordingly, our electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset for rapid serial visual representation (RSVP) and P300 speller may contribute to increasing such BCI research. We validated our dataset with respect to features and accuracy. For the RSVP, the participants (N = 50) achieved about 92% mean target detection accuracy. At the feature level, we observed notable ERPs (at 315 ms in the RSVP; at 262 ms in the P300 speller) during target events compared to non-target events. Regarding P300 speller performance, the participants (N = 55) achieved about 92% mean accuracy. In addition, P300 speller performance over trial repetitions up to 15 was explored. The presented dataset could potentially improve P300 speller applications. Further, it may be used to evaluate feature extraction and classification algorithm effectively, such as for cross-subjects/cross-datasets, and even for the cross-paradigm BCI model.
3D-printed lightweight dorsal skin fold chambers from PEEK reduce chamber-related animal distress
Authors: Xie Wentao , Lorenz Matthias , Poosch Friederike , Palme Rupert , Zechner Dietmar , Vollmar Brigitte , Grambow Eberhard , Strüder Daniel
Published: July 2022

The dorsal skinfold chamber is one of the most important in vivo models for repetitive longitudinal assessment of microcirculation and inflammation. This study aimed to refine this model by introducing a new lightweight chamber made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Body weight, burrowing activity, distress, faecal corticosterone metabolites and the tilting angle of the chambers were analysed in mice carrying either a standard titanium chamber or a PEEK chamber. Data was obtained before chamber preparation and over a postoperative period of three weeks. In the early postoperative phase, reduced body weight and increased faecal corticosterone metabolites were found in mice with titanium chambers. Chamber tilting and tilting-related complications were reduced in mice with PEEK chambers. The distress score was significantly increased in both groups after chamber preparation, but only returned to preoperative values in mice with PEEK chambers. In summary, we have shown that light chambers reduce animal distress and may extend the maximum dorsal skinfold chamber observation time. Chambers made of PEEK are particularly suitable for this purpose: They are autoclavable, sufficiently stable to withstand rodent bites, inexpensive, and widely available through 3D printing.
Significant hot hand effect in the game of cricket
Authors: Ram Sumit Kumar , Nandan Shyam , Sornette Didier
Published: July 2022

We investigate the predictability and persistence of individual and team performance (hot-hand effect) by analyzing the complete recorded history of international cricket. We introduce an original temporal representation of performance streaks, which is suitable to be modelled as a self-exciting point process. We confirm the presence of predictability and hot-hands across the individual performance and the absence of the same in team performance and game outcome. Thus, Cricket is a game of skill for individuals and a game of chance for the teams. Our study contributes to recent historiographical debates concerning the presence of persistence in individual and collective productivity and success. The introduction of several metrics and methods can be useful to test and exploit clustering of performance in the study of human behavior and design of algorithms for predicting success.
Crystal structure of potato 14-3-3 protein St14f revealed the importance of helix I in StFDL1 recognition
Authors: Harada Ken-ichi , Furuita Kyoko , Yamashita Eiki , Taoka Ken-ichiro , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Nakagawa Atsushi , Kojima Chojiro
Published: July 2022

In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), 14-3-3 protein forms a protein complex with the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like protein StSP6A and the FD-like protein StFDL1 to activate potato tuber formation. Eleven 14-3-3 isoforms were reported in potato, designated as St14a-k. In this study, the crystal structure of the free form of St14f was determined at 2.5 Å resolution. Three chains were included in the asymmetric unit of the St14f free form crystal, and the structural deviation among the three chain structures was found on the C-terminal helix H and I. The St14f free form structure in solution was also investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) residual dipolar coupling analysis, and the chain B in the crystal structure was consistent with NMR data. Compared to other crystal structures, St14f helix I exhibited a different conformation with larger B-factor values. Larger B-factor values on helix I were also found in the 14-3-3 free form structure with higher solvent contents. The mutation in St14f Helix I stabilized the complex with StFDL1. These data clearly showed that the flexibility of helix I of 14-3-3 protein plays an important role in the recognition of target protein.
Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania
Authors: Thomas Kate M. , Kibona Tito , Claxton John R. , de Glanville William A. , Lankester Felix , Amani Nelson , Buza Joram J. , Carter Ryan W. , Chapman Gail E. , Crump John A. , Dagleish Mark P. , Halliday Jo E. B. , Hamilton Clare M. , Innes Elisabeth A. , Katzer Frank , Livingstone Morag , Longbottom David , Millins Caroline , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Mosha Victor , Nyarobi James , Nyasebwa Obed M. , Russell George C. , Sanka Paul N. , Semango George , Wheelhouse Nick , Willett Brian J. , Cleaveland Sarah , Allan Kathryn J.
Published: July 2022

Livestock abortion is an important cause of productivity losses worldwide and many infectious causes of abortion are zoonotic pathogens that impact on human health. Little is known about the relative importance of infectious causes of livestock abortion in Africa, including in subsistence farming communities that are critically dependent on livestock for food, income, and wellbeing. We conducted a prospective cohort study of livestock abortion, supported by cross-sectional serosurveillance, to determine aetiologies of livestock abortions in livestock in Tanzania. This approach generated several important findings including detection of a Rift Valley fever virus outbreak in cattle; high prevalence of C. burnetii infection in livestock; and the first report of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and pestiviruses associated with livestock abortion in Tanzania. Our approach provides a model for abortion surveillance in resource-limited settings. Our findings add substantially to current knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa, providing important evidence from which to prioritise disease interventions.
Anxiety-like behavior and microglial activation in the amygdala after acute neuroinflammation induced by microbial neuraminidase
Authors: León-Rodríguez Ana , Fernández-Arjona María del Mar , Grondona Jesús M. , Pedraza Carmen , López-Ávalos María D.
Published: July 2022

Short-term behavioral alterations are associated with infection and aid the recovery from sickness. However, concerns have raised that sustained behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation could relate to neurological diseases in the long run. We aimed to explore medium- and long-term behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation in rats, using a model based on the intracerebroventricular administration of the enzyme neuraminidase (NA), which is part of some pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Neurological and behavioral assessments were performed 2 and 10 weeks after the injection of NA, and neuroinflammation was evaluated by gene expression and histology. No alterations were observed regarding basic neurological functions or locomotor capacity in NA-injected rats. However, they showed a reduction in unsupported rearing, and increased grooming and freezing behaviors, which indicate anxiety-like behavior. A principal component analysis including a larger set of parameters further supported such anxiety-like behavior. The anxiety profile was observed 2 weeks after NA-injection, but not after 10 weeks. Concomitantly, the amygdala presented increased number of microglial cells showing a morphologic bias towards an activated state. A similar but subtler tendency was observed in hypothalamic microglia located in the paraventricular nucleus. Also, in the hypothalamus the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was slightly overexpressed 2 weeks after NA injection. These results demonstrate that NA-induced neuroinflammation provokes anxiety-like behavior in the medium term, which disappears with time. Concurrent microgliosis in the amygdala could explain such behavior. Further experiments should aim to explore subtle but long-lasting alterations observed 10 weeks after NA injection, both in amygdala and hypothalamus, as well as mild behavioral changes.
Efficacy of 0.01% atropine for myopia control in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial depends on baseline electroretinal response
Authors: Chan Henry H. L. , Choi Kai Yip , Ng Alex L. K. , Choy Bonnie N. K. , Chan Jonathan Cheuk Hung , Chan Sonia S. H. , Li Serena Z. C. , Yu Wing Yan
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 18-month 0.01% atropine in 61 myopic children (aged 7–10) and the relationship with central retinal response (by multifocal electroretinogram [mfERG]) in a double-masked randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Global-flash mfERG was measured at baseline, while cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and at 6-month intervals. Annualized change in SER and AL were compared between atropine and control groups, and the relationships with baseline mfERG were evaluated. Changes in SER (−0.70 ± 0.39D vs. −0.66 ± 0.41D, p = 0.63) and AL (0.32 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.30 ± 0.22 mm, p = 0.52) were similar in atropine and control groups. Interestingly, in the placebo group, mfERG amplitude was negatively correlated with axial elongation (Rp = −0.44, p = 0.03) as in our previous study. However, in the atropine group, an opposite trend was observed that axial elongation was positively correlated with mfERG amplitude (Ra = 0.37, p = 0.04). Annualized myopia progression demonstrated similar opposite effect between atropine and placebo groups but did not reach statistical significance. An ERG screening protocol may be warranted to identify suitable candidates to reduce the likelihood of an unfavorable treatment response by 0.01% atropine.
Quantum topology in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Downing C. A. , Toghill A. J.
Published: July 2022

The coupling between two or more objects can generally be categorized as strong or weak. In cavity quantum electrodynamics for example, when the coupling strength is larger than the loss rate the coupling is termed strong, and otherwise it is dubbed weak. Ultrastrong coupling, where the interaction energy is of the same order of magnitude as the bare energies of the uncoupled objects, presents a new paradigm for quantum physics and beyond. As a consequence profound changes to well established phenomena occur, for instance the ground state in an ultrastrongly coupled system is not empty but hosts virtual excitations due to the existence of processes which do not conserve the total number of excitations. The implications of ultrastrong coupling for quantum topological systems, where the number of excitations are typically conserved, remain largely unknown despite the great utility of topological matter. Here we reveal how the delicate interplay between ultrastrong coupling and topological states manifests in a one-dimensional array. We study theoretically a dimerized chain of two-level systems within the ultrastrong coupling regime, where the combined saturation and counter-rotating terms in the Hamiltonian are shown to play pivotal roles in the rich, multi-excitation effective bandstructure. In particular, we uncover unusual topological edge states, we introduce a flavour of topological state which we call an anti-edge state, and we reveal the remarkable geometric-dependent renormalizations of the quantum vaccum. Taken together, our results provide a route map for experimentalists to characterize and explore a prototypical system in the emerging field of ultrastrong quantum topology.
Large-scale cortico-cerebellar computations for horizontal and vertical vergence in humans
Authors: Mitsudo Hiroyuki , Hironaga Naruhito , Ogata Katsuya , Tobimatsu Shozo
Published: July 2022

Horizontal and vertical vergence eye movements play a central role in binocular coordination. Neurophysiological studies suggest that cortical and subcortical regions in animals and humans are involved in horizontal vergence. However, little is known about the extent to which the neural mechanism underlying vertical vergence overlaps with that of horizontal vergence. In this study, to explore neural computation for horizontal and vertical vergence, we simultaneously recorded electrooculography (EOG) and whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) while presenting large-field stereograms for 29 healthy human adults. The stereograms were designed to produce vergence responses by manipulating horizontal and vertical binocular disparities. A model-based approach was used to assess neural sensitivity to horizontal and vertical disparities via MEG source estimation and the theta-band (4 Hz) coherence between brain activity and EOG vergence velocity. We found similar time-locked neural responses to horizontal and vertical disparity in cortical and cerebellar areas at around 100–250 ms after stimulus onset. In contrast, the low-frequency oscillatory neural activity associated with the execution of vertical vergence differed from that of horizontal vergence. These findings indicate that horizontal and vertical vergence involve partially shared but distinct computations in large-scale cortico-cerebellar networks.
Polymicrobial biofilms of ocular bacteria and fungi on ex vivo human corneas
Authors: Ranjith Konduri , Nagapriya Banka , Shivaji Sisinthy
Published: July 2022

Microbes residing in biofilms confer several fold higher antimicrobial resistances than their planktonic counterparts. Compared to monomicrobial biofilms, polymicrobial biofilms involving multiple bacteria, multiple fungi or both are more dominant in nature. Paradoxically, polymicrobial biofilms are less studied. In this study, ocular isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Candida albicans, the etiological agents of several ocular infections, were used to demonstrate their potential to form mono- and polymicrobial biofilms both in vitro and on human cadaveric corneas. Quantitative (crystal violet and XTT methods) and qualitative (confocal and scanning electron microscopy) methods demonstrated that they form polymicrobial biofilms. The extent of biofilm formation was dependent on whether bacteria and fungi were incubated simultaneously or added to a preformed biofilm. Additionally, the polymicrobial biofilms exhibited increased resistance to different antimicrobials compared to planktonic cells. When the MBECs of different antibacterial and antifungal agents were monitored it was observed that the MBECs in the polymicrobial biofilms was either identical or decreased compared to the monomicrobial biofilms. The results are relevant in planning treatment strategies for the eye. This study demonstrates that ocular bacteria and fungi form polymicrobial biofilms and exhibit increase in antimicrobial resistance compared to the planktonic cells.
Feedback loop between hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α and endoplasmic reticulum stress mitigates liver injury by downregulating hepatocyte apoptosis
Authors: Liu Si-Ying , Rao Jian-Xu , Deng Jie , Zhang Gui-Juan , Jiang Xiao-Ling , Cheng Jing , Chen Huan , Jiang Zhi-Gang , Xu De-Lin , He Yi-Huai
Published: July 2022

Hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha (HNF1α), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and hepatocyte apoptosis contribute to severe acute exacerbation (SAE) of liver injury. Here, we explore HNF1α–ER stress-hepatocyte apoptosis interaction in liver injury. LO2, HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells were treated with thapsigargin (TG) or tunicamycin (TM) to induce ER stress. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce acute liver injury in mice. Low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbated liver injury in CCl4-induced mice. Significant apoptosis, HNF1α upregulation, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation were observed in human-derived hepatocytes during ER stress. Knockdown of Rela, NF-κB p65, inhibited the HNF1α upregulation. Following CCl4 treatment ER stress, apoptosis, HNF1α expression and RelA phosphorylation were significantly increased in mice. HNF1α knockdown reduced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression, and aggravated ER stress as well as hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The double fluorescent reporter gene assay confirmed that HNF1α regulated the transcription of ATF4 promoter. LPS aggravated CCl4-induced liver injury and reduced HNF1α, and ATF4 expression. Therefore, in combination, HNF1α and ER stress could be mutually regulated forming a feedback loop, which helps in protecting the injured liver by down-regulating hepatocyte apoptosis. Low-dose LPS aggravates hepatocyte apoptosis and promotes the SAE of liver injury by interfering with the feedback regulation of HNF1α and ER stress in acute liver injury.
Using ISU-GAN for unsupervised small sample defect detection
Authors: Guo Yijing , Zhong Linwei , Qiu Yi , Wang Huawei , Gao Fengqiang , Wen Zongheng , Zhan Choujun
Published: July 2022

Surface defect detection is a vital process in industrial production and a significant research direction in computer vision. Although today’s deep learning defect detection methods based on computer vision can achieve high detection accuracy, they are mainly based on supervised learning. They require many defect samples to train the model, which is not compatible with the current situation that industrial defect sample is difficult to obtain and costly to label. So we propose a new unsupervised small sample defect detection model-ISU-GAN, which is based on the CycleGAN architecture. A skip connection, SE module, and Involution module are added to the Generator, enabling the feature extraction capability of the model to be significantly improved. Moreover, we propose an SSIM-based defect segmentation method that applies to GAN-based defect detection and can accurately extract defect contours without the need for redundant noise reduction post-processing. Experiments on the DAGM2007 dataset show that the unsupervised ISU-GAN can achieve higher detection accuracy and finer defect profiles with less than 1/3 of the unlabelled training data than the supervised model with the full training set. Relative to the supervised segmentation models UNet and ResUNet++ with more training samples, our model improves the detection accuracy by 2.84% and 0.41% respectively and the F1 score by 0.025 and 0.0012 respectively. In addition, the predicted profile obtained using our method is closer to the real profile than other models used for comparison.
Noisy propagation of Gaussian states in optical media with finite bandwidth
Authors: Teklu Berihu , Bina Matteo , Paris Matteo G. A.
Published: July 2022

We address propagation and entanglement of Gaussian states in optical media characterised by nontrivial spectral densities. In particular, we consider environments with a finite bandwidth $$J(\omega ) = J_0 \left[ \theta (\omega -\Omega ) - \theta (\omega - \Omega - \delta )\right] $$

J

(
ω
)

=

J
0

θ
(
ω
-
Ω
)
-
θ
(
ω
-
Ω
-
δ
)

, and show that in the low temperature regime $$T\ll \Omega ^{-1}$$

T
≪

Ω

-
1

: (i) secular terms in the master equation may be neglected; (ii) attenuation (damping) is strongly suppressed; (iii) the overall diffusion process may be described as a Gaussian noise channel with variance depending only on the bandwidth. We find several regimes where propagation is not much detrimental and entanglement may be protected form decoherence.
Depth profiling of Cr-ITO dual-layer sample with secondary ion mass spectrometry using MeV ions in the low energy region
Authors: Barac Marko , Brajković Marko , Siketić Zdravko , Ekar Jernej , Bogdanović Radović Iva , Šrut Rakić Iva , Kovač Janez
Published: July 2022

This work explores the possibility of depth profiling of inorganic materials with Megaelectron Volt Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry using low energy primary ions (LE MeV SIMS), specifically 555 keV Cu2+, while etching the surface with 1 keV Ar+ ions. This is demonstrated on a dual-layer sample consisting of 50 nm Cr layer deposited on 150 nm In2O5Sn (ITO) glass. These materials proved to have sufficient secondary ion yield in previous studies using copper ions with energies of several hundred keV. LE MeV SIMS and keV SIMS depth profiles of Cr-ITO dual-layer are compared and corroborated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-ERDA). The results show the potential of LE MeV SIMS depth profiling of inorganic multilayer systems in accelerator facilities equipped with MeV SIMS setup and a fairly simple sputtering source.
Indian Ocean warming as key driver of long-term positive trend of Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Jeong Yong-Cheol , Yeh Sang-Wook , Lim Young-Kwon , Santoso Agus , Wang Guojian
Published: July 2022

Arctic oscillation (AO), which is the most dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during the boreal winter, significantly affects the weather and climate at mid-to-high latitudes in the NH. Although a climate community has focused on a negative trend of AO in recent decades, the significant positive trend of AO over the last 60 years has not yet been thoroughly discussed. By analyzing reanalysis and Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP) datasets with pacemaker experiments, we found that sea surface temperature warming in the Indian Ocean is conducive to the positive trend of AO from the late 1950s. The momentum flux convergence by stationary waves due to the Indian Ocean warming plays an important role in the positive trend of AO, which is characterized by a poleward shift of zonal-mean zonal winds. In addition, the reduced upward propagating wave activity flux over the North Pacific due to Indian Ocean warming also plays a role to strengthen the polar vortex, subsequently, it contributes to the positive trend of AO. Our results imply that the respective warming trend of tropical ocean basins including Indian Ocean, which is either anthropogenic forcing or natural variability or their combined effect, should be considered to correctly project the future AO’s trend.
scPCOR-seq enables co-profiling of chromatin occupancy and RNAs in single cells
Authors: Pan Lixia , Ku Wai Lim , Tang Qingsong , Cao Yaqiang , Zhao Keji
Published: July 2022

Cell-to-cell variation in gene expression is a widespread phenomenon, which may play important roles in cellular differentiation, function, and disease development1–9. Chromatin is implicated in contributing to the cellular heterogeneity in gene expression10–16. Fully understanding the mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity requires simultaneous measurement of RNA and occupancy of histone modifications and transcription factors on chromatin due to their critical roles in transcriptional regulation17,18. We generally term the occupancy of histone modifications and transcription factors as Chromatin occupancy. Here, we report a technique, termed scPCOR-seq (single-cell Profiling of Chromatin Occupancy and RNAs Sequencing), for simultaneously profiling genome-wide chromatin protein binding or histone modification marks and RNA expression in the same cell. We demonstrated that scPCOR-seq can profile either H3K4me3 or RNAPII and RNAs in a mixture of human H1, GM12878 and 293 T cells at a single-cell resolution and either H3K4me3, RNAPII, or RNA profile can correctly separate the cells. Application of scPCOR-seq to the in vitro differentiation of the erythrocyte precursor CD36 cells from human CD34 stem or progenitor cells revealed that H3K4me3 and RNA exhibit distinct properties in clustering cells during differentiation. Overall, our work provides a promising approach to understand the relationships among different omics layers.
Miniaturised broth microdilution for simplified antibiotic susceptibility testing of Gram negative clinical isolates using microcapillary devices
Authors: Needs Sarah H. , Saiprom Natnaree , Rafaque Zara , Imtiaz Wajiha , Chantratita Narisara , Runcharoen Chakkaphan , Thammachote Jeeranan , Anun Suthatip , Peacock Sharon J. , Ray Partha , Andrews Simon , Edwards Alexander D.
Published: July 2022

Miniaturised antibiotic susceptibility testing: 100 times smaller microcapillary broth microdilution gives equivalent result to standard microplate broth microdilution.
Internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for investigating the phospholipid dysregulation induced by perfluorooctanoic acid in Nile tilapia
Authors: Liu Jun , Lu Haiyan , Ning Yang , Hua Xiuyi , Pan Wenhao , Gu Yu , Dong Deming , Liang Dapeng
Published: July 2022

Direct profiling of endogenous biomolecules in tissue samples is considered to be a promising approach to investigate metabolic-related toxicity in organisms induced by emerging pollutants.
Insight into ultrasensitive and high-stability flocculation-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the in situ noninvasive probing of cupping effect substances
Authors: Ge Meihong , Zhang Xiuli , Zhou Guoliang , Chen Siyu , Wu Zijian , Li Liaoyuan , Nie Yuman , Wang Yaoxiong , Yu Yi , Lin Dongyue , Li Pan , Yang Liangbao
Published: July 2022

The combination of in situ TEM and theoretical analysis is applied to further analyze the behavior of nanoparticles in flocculation; particularly, for the in situ noninvasive probing of effect substances after cupping.
Safe magnetic resonance imaging on biocompatible nanoformulations
Authors: Thangudu Suresh , Huang Eng-Yen , Su Chia-Hao
Published: July 2022

This review presents various surface coating strategies to improve the biocompatibilities of NPs for safe magnetic resonance imaging applications.
Enhanced antibacterial activity of surface re-engineered lysozyme against Gram-negative bacteria without accumulated resistance
Authors: Li Zhenhui , Lin Song , Zhu Mei , Wang Lei , Liu Xiaoman , Huang Xin
Published: July 2022

In this study, we show a way to improve antibacterial activity of lysozyme by incorporating guanidino groups onto its surface (Lyz-Gua), which could treat pathogenic bacteria without accumulated resistance and shows advantages over antibiotics.
Two layered galloborates from centric to acentric structures: syntheses and NLO properties
Authors: Chen Chong-An , Liu Wen-Fang , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: July 2022

1 is a centric fluctuant layer made from GaO4 and B4O9 clusters. 2 is features a acentric layer constructed from GaO4 and B7O13(OH) clusters, showing an SHG response of 4.6 times that of KDP and it is phase-matchable.
Ambient synthesis of metal–covalent organic frameworks with Fe-iminopyridine linkages
Authors: Feng Tiantian , Sun Bing , Hao Qing , Li Jing , Xu Ying , Shang Hong , Wang Dong
Published: July 2022

Highly crystalline Fe-COFs were constructed from the building blocks carrying pyridyl-aldehyde and triamine moieties in the presence of Fe(OTf)2 and acetic acid under ambient conditions via a subcomponent assembly strategy.
A surprise landing on the terra incognita of macrocyclic dibridgehead diorganoarsines: syntheses, structures, and reactivities
Authors: Zarcone Samuel R. , Verardi Peter J. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Gladysz John A.
Published: July 2022

The first dibridgehead diorganoarsines have voracious appetites for metal fragments, scavenging them like vacuum cleaners and generating cage like complexes – a process thought to be facilitated by their ability to turn themselves inside out.
Mechanosynthesis of polymeric and binuclear copper complexes via dehydrochlorination and their application in solvent-free C–S bond cross-coupling
Authors: Hao Xiujia , Li Xinyu , Li Haitao , Zhang Xin , Liu Xiaozhi , Guo Fang
Published: July 2022

Two copper complexes are readily synthesized from their respective salts by dehydrochlorination reactions and then used as catalysts in mechanosynthesis C–S coupling reactions.
Bonding and uneven charge distribution in infinite pyrene π-stacks
Authors: Flynn Chase , Zhou Zheng , McCormack Megan E. , Wei Zheng , Petrukhina Marina A. , Kertesz Miklos
Published: July 2022

Unusual intermolecular π-stacking in a new charge transfer salt of pyrene (Py), (Py)2+(Ga2Cl7)−, has been observed.
Structural engineering brings new electronic properties to Janus ZrSSe and HfSSe monolayers
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Zhang Shuhui , Wang Yuanyuan , Yu Shiqiang , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Wei Wei
Published: July 2022

Lateral interfacing between 2D Janus T-ZrSSe and T-HfSSe, including in-plane connection, phase boundary, and grain boundary, gives rise to new electronic properties that are significantly different from the components.
Nature of hydrogen-bond-enhanced halogen bonding viewed through electron density changes
Authors: Torii Hajime , Kimura Akari , Sakai Takanori
Published: July 2022

Electron density analysis shows that hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds contribute almost independently and additively to the enhancement of electrostatic potential in hydrogen-bond-enhanced halogen bonding.
Practical synthesis of quinolone drugs via a novel TsCl-mediated domino reaction sequence
Authors: Lei Jie , Ding Yong , Zhou Hao-Yi , Gao Xin-Yan , Cao Yi-Hua , Tang Dian-Yong , Li Hong-yu , Xu Zhi-Gang , Chen Zhong-Zhu
Published: July 2022

A novel TsCl-mediated domino sequence to expeditiously access quinolone-based antibiotics, starting from commercially available chromone-3-carboxaldehydes and amines, was developed under environmentally benign conditions.
Rapid and inexpensive process to fabricate paper based microfluidic devices using a cut and heat plastic lamination process
Authors: Kumawat Nityanand , Soman Soja Saghar , Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj , Kumar Sunil
Published: July 2022

Cut and heat microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (CH-microPADs) are simple-to-use, low-cost point-of-care testing platforms.
Enhanced anisole hydroxylation over a hierarchical micro/mesoporous TS-1 catalyst
Authors: Patil Chetana R. , Niphadkar Prashant , Kamble Sanjay P. , Rode Chandrashekhar V.
Published: July 2022

Micro/mesoporous DTS-1 showed enhanced catalytic activity for anisole hydroxylation showing 54% conversion with 55% selectivity towards p-methoxyphenol.
Z-Scheme MoS2/TiO2/graphene nanohybrid photocatalysts for visible light-induced degradation for highly efficient water disinfection and antibacterial activity
Authors: Chen Linjer , Huang Chin-Pao , Chuang Yuliv , Nguyen Thanh-Binh , Chen Chiu-Wen , Dong Cheng-Di
Published: July 2022

A new Z-scheme MoS2/TiO2/graphene nanohybrid effectively degraded antibiotics, heavy metals and microorganisms under visible irradiation.
Simple methods for the introduction of nitrate ester, amino and diazo-oxide substituents into dinitromethylpyrazole
Authors: Zhang Xiya , Lin Xiangyang
Published: July 2022

The oxygen balance and detonation properties of dinitromethylpyrazole were tuned according to the good reactivity of the chlorine group.
A novel fluorescent probe for the detection of Golgi nitroreductase under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tang Yonghe , Song Sirui , Peng Juanjuan , Lin Weiying
Published: July 2022

We present the first Golgi-targeted fluorescent probe Gol-NTR for NTR detection in living HeLa cells and tumor tissue slices of mice.
Discovery of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors by utilizing 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhao Xuemin , Zhang Rui , Yu Xiuyan , Yu Na , Shi Yuanze , Shu Mao , Shen Yan
Published: July 2022

Tubulin is a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
Thioamide directed iridium(i)-catalyzed C–H arylation of ferrocenes with aryl boronic acids
Authors: Ban Yan , Wang Yingxin , Li Hao , Wang Yan , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui
Published: July 2022

The Ir(i)-catalyzed thioamide-assisted C–H arylation of ferrocenes with aryl boronic acids under base-free mild reaction conditions was developed, which has a wide range of substrates and functional group tolerance with good yields and regioselectivity.
Synthesis of ester-functionalized indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinesviairon-catalyzed radical cascade cyclization of 2-aryl-N-acryloyl indoles with carbazates
Authors: Tang Yucai , Dai Kaiming , Xiang Xingxian , Yang Yiting , Li Min
Published: July 2022

An FeCl2·4H2O-catalyzed oxidative alkoxycarbonylation/cyclization reaction of 2-aryl-N-acryloyl indoles with carbazates leading to ester-functionalized indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives has been developed.
2-Methylpyrrolidine derived 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamides: promising extractants for Am(iii)/Ln(iii) separation
Authors: Lemport P. S. , Evsiunina M. V. , Matveev P. I. , Petrov V. S. , Pozdeev A. S. , Khult E. K. , Nelyubina Yu. V. , Isakovskaya K. L. , Roznyatovsky V. A. , Gloriozov I. P. , Tarasevich B. N. , Aldoshin A. S. , Petrov V. G. , Kalmykov S. N. , Ustynyuk Yu. A. , Nenajdenko V. G.
Published: July 2022

In this work we report on new examples of phenanthrolindiamides containing asymmetric centers in amide substituents.
Hypervalent iodine(iii)-mediated ring-expansive difluorination of alkynylcyclopropanes en route to the synthesis of difluorinated alkylidenecyclobutanes
Authors: Yang Shuang , Liu Xiao-Bin , Feng Si-Xin , Li Yin , Tu Fang-Hai , Huang Bin , Huang Long-Ling , Huang Zhi-Shu , Wang Honggen , Li Qingjiang
Published: July 2022

Reported herein is a hypervalent iodine(iii)-mediated ring-expansive difluorination of alkynylcyclopropanes featuring a Wagner–Meerwein-type rearrangement to access a variety of difluorinated alkylidenecyclobutanes.
Correction: Green-synthesised cerium oxide nanostructures (CeO2-NS) show excellent biocompatibility for phyto-cultures as compared to silver nanostructures (Ag-NS)
Authors: Maqbool Qaisar
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Green-synthesised cerium oxide nanostructures (CeO2-NS) show excellent biocompatibility for phyto-cultures as compared to silver nanostructures (Ag-NS)’ by Qaisar Maqbool, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 56575–56585, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12082f.
A novel, proof-of-concept electrochemical impedimetric biosensor based on extracellular matrix protein–adhesin interaction
Authors: Leva-Bueno Juan , Meuskens Ina , Linke Dirk , Millner Paul A. , Peyman Sally A.
Published: July 2022

Novel impedimetric biosensor for whole pathogen detection based on the extracellular matrix protein–adhesin interaction.
Catalytic conversion of sucrose to 1,2-propanediol over alumina-supported Ni–Mo bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Sreekantan Sreejith , Balachandran Kirali Arun Arunima , Marimuthu Banu
Published: July 2022

The metal combination of 8%Ni–20%Mo/γ-Al2O3 is found to be effective in producing a good yield of 1,2-propanediol (∼74%) under mild reaction conditions of 180 °C, 40 bar H2 pressure at a run time of 4.5 h in a batch reaction.
A new type of sealed rechargeable lithium–lithium oxide battery based on reversible LiO2/Li2O2 interconversion
Authors: Chen Libin , Yang Jian , Lu Zhixuan , Dai Peng , Wu Xiaohong , Hong Yuhao , Xiao Liangping , Huang Ling , Bai Hua , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: July 2022

A new type of sealed battery via the interconversion of LiO2/Li2O2 was developed on the basis of the stabilization of LiO2 on the OR-rGO cathode, and a long life of 700 cycles was achieved.
Zwitterionic polymer coated sorafenib-loaded Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles induced ferroptosis for cancer therapy
Authors: Lin Jingbo , Zhang Jiaxin , Wang Kuang , Guo Shengdi , Yang Wuli
Published: July 2022

Sorafenib (SRF) was loaded into zwitterionic polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@PMPC) to obtain the drug-loaded composite nanoparticles MNP@PMPC-SRF for cancer therapy via inducing cell ferroptosis.
meso-Ethynyl-extended push–pull type porphyrins for near-infrared organic photodetectors
Authors: Gielen Sam , Gómez Virginia Cuesta , Brebels Sonny , Quill Tyler James , Vanderspikken Jochen , Lutsen Laurence , de la Cruz Pilar , Vandewal Koen , Langa Fernando , Maes Wouter
Published: July 2022

Organic photodetectors prepared from meso-ethynyl-extended push–pull porphyrins afford specific detectivities over 1011 Jones in the near-infrared range up to 1000 nm.
Exploring protein symmetry at the RCSB Protein Data Bank
Authors: Duarte Jose M. , Dutta Shuchismita , Goodsell David S. , Burley Stephen K.
Published: July 2022

The symmetry of biological molecules has fascinated structural biologists ever since the structure of hemoglobin was determined. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive is the central global archive of three-dimensional (3D), atomic-level structures of biomolecules, providing open access to the results of structural biology research with no limitations on usage. Roughly 40% of the structures in the archive exhibit some type of symmetry, including formal global symmetry, local symmetry, or pseudosymmetry. The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank (founding member of the Worldwide Protein Data Bank partnership that jointly manages, curates, and disseminates the archive) provides a variety of tools to assist users interested in exploring the symmetry of biological macromolecules. These tools include multiple modalities for searching and browsing the archive, turnkey methods for biomolecular visualization, documentation, and outreach materials for exploring functional biomolecular symmetry.
Spectrophotometry of the lunar regolith using the Chang’E-3 Panoramic Camera (PCAM)
Authors: Xu T. Y. , Hapke B. , Zhang X. P. , Wu Y. Z. , Lu X. P.
Published: July 2022

Aims. We present a multiband photometric study of the lunar mare surface based on in situ measurements using the Panoramic Camera on board the Chang'E-3 mission. We aim to obtain photometric properties and to investigate the differences in measuring sites in various conditions.

Methods. Data were collected with a vast range of phase angles from 0.5° to 160°, probing 0–5° phases to constrain the opposition effect (OE) and phases above 120° to constrain the phase function. Stray light and spectral corrections were conducted to calibrate the regolith’s bidirectional reflectance distribution function. We employed the Hapke photometric model to describe the regolith’s photometric properties.

Results. Phase functions and Hapke parameters at three measuring sites were retrieved. The mare regolith at the measuring sites had a single-scattering albedo (SSA) of 0.17-0.21 for the green channel and exhibited backscattering and a strong OE. The coherent backscatter opposition effect (CBOE) represented the majority of OE, with a proportion of around 80% for pristine regolith. The phase ratio curves were arch-shaped, and the arch positions of the curves were associated with grain size.
Computing the cut locus of a Riemannian manifoldviaoptimal transport
Authors: Facca Enrico , Berti Luca , Fassò Francesco , Putti Mario
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we give a new characterization of the cut locus of a point on a compact Riemannian manifold as the zero set of the optimal transport density solution of the Monge–Kantorovich equations, a PDE formulation of the optimal transport problem with cost equal to the geodesic distance. Combining this result with an optimal transport numerical solver, based on the so-called dynamical Monge–Kantorovich approach, we propose a novel framework for the numerical approximation of the cut locus of a point in a manifold. We show the applicability of the proposed method on a few examples settled on 2d-surfaces embedded in ℝ3, and discuss advantages and limitations.