bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postflight Rash and Skin Sensitivity Following a Year-Long Spaceflight Mission
Authors: Law Jennifer , Gilmore Stevan , Kelly Scott
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: While skin conditions are commonly reported in flight on the International Space Station (ISS), postflight skin complaints have generally been limited to foot sole sensitivity upon reloading after landing. In this case report, we describe the postflight skin findings
in NASA’s first year-long crewmember.CASE REPORT: The crewmember was a 51-yr-old astronaut who spent 340 d in space on this mission. His in-flight course was unremarkable except for medication use for congestion, likely secondary to microgravity-induced fluid shift and elevated
CO2 levels on the ISS, and an episode of contact dermatitis from electrodes for an experiment. He had a nominal landing in Kazakhstan. During his direct return to Houston, approximately 10 h after the Soyuz landing, he developed erythema and skin sensitivity in gravity-dependent
areas. The skin findings persisted for 6 d and were successfully treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentin, hydrotherapy, and massage.DISCUSSION: While vascular, allergic, and immunologic causes cannot be ruled out, we hypothesize that a prolonged lack of skin
stimulation over the course of the year-long mission led to the crewmember’s postflight rash and skin sensitivity. Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in cutaneous receptor feedback in the sole of the foot in spaceflight and, therefore, it is plausible that skin in other parts
of the body can undergo similar changes if they are not stimulated as they normally would be on Earth. More work will be needed to better understand this phenomenon and test potential mitigations.Law J, Gilmore S, Kelly S. Postflight rash and skin sensitivity following a year-long
spaceflight mission. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):604–607.
Comments on the Readership Survey Concerning Bi-Monthly Publication
Authors: Day Pamela C.
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: A readership survey was posted in our monthly newsletter, “Ever Upward”, and sent via email to members of the Aerospace Medical Association and to authors and reviewers of the journal, Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. The reason for the survey
concerned whether to publish 6 times (or perhaps 7) per year instead of 12. There were 403 respondents. Of those who responded, 30% said bimonthly publishing would affect whether they submitted to a journal; 70% said it would not impact their decision. Less than 4% strongly disapproved and
8% disapproved of moving to a bimonthly publication. While 67% were in favor and 20% didn’t care one way or the other. There were many comments and some of those are addressed in the summary.Day PC. Comments on the readership survey concerning bi-monthly publication. Aerosp
Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):608–610.
Climate change, climate variability, and the future
Authors: Wratt D.S.
Published: June 2020

New Zealand's farmers have always had to cope with a varying climate - warmer, cooler, wetter and drier than normal seasons are a fact of life. These changes place more demands on farm management in some parts of the country than in others. This paper first discusses some of the variations in climate to date, examines the question of whether they include some long-term trends, and considers likely causes. The paper then examines what is expected in the future, due to both natural factors and to projected changes of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of potential impacts on the pastoral sector, and of adaptation options.
Calibration of the C-DAX Rapid Pasturemeter and the rising plate meter for kikuyu-based Northland dairy pastures
Authors: Rennie G.M. , King W.Mcg , Puha M.R. , Dalley D.E. , Dynes R.A. , Upsdell M.P.
Published: June 2020

Accurate estimation of pasture mass is essential for managing farm systems for top performance. The C-DAX Rapid Pasturemeter has the potential to provide fast, accurate estimates of pasture mass. However, the Pasturemeter has been calibrated for 'typical' temperate dairy pastures and its suitability for use on kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinium)-based pastures in Northland, is unknown. This study determined the accuracy of the technology for estimation of pasture mass on kikuyu/ryegrass-based dairy pasture on the Northland Agricultural Research Farm at Dargaville, New Zealand. Keywords: pasture mass estimation, kikuyu, Northland, dairy, calibration
South Island distributions of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent
Authors: Phillips C.B. , Mcneill M.R. , Hardwick S. , Ferguson C.M. , Kean J.M.
Published: June 2020

Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) (CRw), a white clover pest from the Northern Hemisphere, was first found in the North island in 1996.
Herbage production from perennial ryegrass and tall fescue pastures under irrigation inthe Canterbury and Waikato regions of New Zealand
Authors: Minneé E.M.K. , Knight T.L. , Sutherland B.L. , Vlaming J.B. , Fletcher L.R. , Clark D.A.
Published: June 2020

The major limitation to perennial ryegrass-based systems is low soil moisture which reduces perennial ryegrass growth. irrigation can maintain adequate soil moisture levels for pasture growth, however, the associated cost requires high levels of forage water use efficiency.
Agricutural productivity in Australia and New Zealand: trends, constraints and opportunities
Authors: Robertson M.
Published: June 2020

With increasing focus on global food security it is timely to examine the historical performance of Australian and new Zealand agriculture and assess future prospects.
Development of white clover populations with higher concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate
Authors: Widdup K.H. , Ford J.L. , Barret B.A. , Woodfield D.R.
Published: June 2020

Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) provides readily available energy in the rumen that improves the efficiency of crude protein (CP) utilisation, partitioning of dietary N towards animal growth, and reduces the loss of N as urea.
Canterbury farming: production, processing and farming systems
Authors: Dynes R.A. , Burggraaf V.T. , Goulter C.G. , Dalley D.E.
Published: June 2020

Canterbury is of great significance to New Zealand's agricultural production, with approximately 20% of its farmland. The Region is the largest in New Zealand (by Regional Council boundaries), with 3 m ha of agricultural and exotic forestry land.
Natural resources for Canterbury agriculture
Authors: Moot D.J. , Mills A. , Pollock K.M.
Published: June 2020

On 4 september 2010 a Richter 7.1 earthquake unzipped a 29 km scarp along the previously unknown "Greendale fault" about 12 km west of lincoln. it was a powerful reminder of the dynamic geological forces that have shaped the diverse landscape of canterbury, which is one of New Zealand's most diverse agricultural regions.
Promoting food security by supporting agricultural R & D
Authors: Mullen J.D.
Published: June 2020

Productivity gains are an important source of wealth in any economy. Productivity growth in the agriculture sectors in Australia and new Zealand has been credible relative to other sectors of their economies.
Annual herbage production increased 40% when subterranean clover was over-drilled into grass dominant dryland pasture
Authors: Ates S. , Tongel M.O. , Moot D.J.
Published: June 2020

Annual dry matter (DM) production and botanical composition from dryland cocksfoot and ryegrass pastures grown with and without subterranean clover were measured over 2 years (2006-2008) in Canterbury.
Opportunities to sustain "greener" farming: comparing impacts of water quality regulations in two catchments: Lake Taupo (NZ) and Tomales Bay, California (USA)
Authors: Barry S. , King W. , Larson S. , Lennox M.
Published: June 2020

Livestock farming in New Zealand and the United States is increasingly being scrutinised for its environmental impact. In some regions regulations intended to reduce non-point source pollution have been introduced.
N-leaching in hill country; farmer led research
Authors: Crofoot A.N. , Crofoot E.W. , Hoogendoorn C.J. , Litherland A.J. , Garland C.B.
Published: June 2020

There is scant information on nitrate-N leaching in East Coast hill country. Castlepoint Station, a focus farm in the Wise Use of fertiliser Nitrogen (N) project and in the face of potential restrictions on fertiliser N use, ran a 3 year trial focused on the impacts of N fertiliser on pasture and animal production as well as nitrate leaching.
The responses of three C4 grasses to elevated temperature and CO2 in the field
Authors: Dodd M.B. , Newton P.C.D. , Lieffering M. , Luo D.
Published: June 2020

A series of field experiments were carried out to assess the impact of two important global change factors (increased temperature and elevated atmospheric CO2) on the germination and growth of three C4 grass species found in New Zealand pastures: Digitaria sanguinalis (summer grass), Paspalum dilatatum (paspalum) and Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu).
System-level evaluation of dicyandiamide (DCD) for improved environmental outcomes on New Zealand dairy farms
Authors: Doole G.J. , Paragahawewa U.H.
Published: June 2020

Nitrification inhibitors are an important mitigation practice for nitrate leaching since they reduce leaching loads and can potentially increase farm profit through promoting pasture production.
Genetic improvement of fibre traits in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Gagic M.J.Faville K.Richardson M. , Mace W. , Sun X.Z. , Harrison S. , Knapp K. , Jahufer M.Z.Z. , Palanisamy R. , Pirlo S. , Johnson R. , Rasmussen S. , Bryan G.
Published: June 2020

Genetic changes in fibre characteristics of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) may enhance degradability and thereby improve voluntary feed intake and energy availability from ingested grass.
The effect of sulphur and nitrogen fertiliser on levels of anti-nutritional compounds in kale
Authors: Fletcher A.L. , Wilson D.R. , Maley S. , Mccallum J. , Shaw M.
Published: June 2020

Kale is used throughout New Zealand as a supplement to pasture during winter. However, kale contains the anti- nutritional compounds S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO), glucosinolates and nitrate (NO3-).
Growing maize silage in dairy effluent paddocks for two consecutive seasons - effect on crop yield and soil nitrogen
Authors: Johnstone P. , Parker M. , Kaufler G. , Arnold N. , Pearson A. , Mathers D. , Wallace D.
Published: June 2020

Nutrient loading can be high in dairy-farm soils that are regularly irrigated with shed effluent, especially when the area treated is small or the farming system has intensified.
Validating satellite monitoring of dairy pastures in Canterbury with Lincoln University Dairy Farm and commercial farm data
Authors: Mata G. , Purdie N. , Handcock R.N. , Dalley D. , Ota N. , Rossi L.
Published: June 2020

Validation of satellite-based prediction of pasture cover for dairy farms in Canterbury (New Zealand) during the 2008 and 2009 milking seasons is reported. Satellitebased predictions made using the new Canterbury model were validated against estimates from a rising plate meter for the Lincoln University Dairy Farm (LUDF) weekly farm walks and from nine commercial farms, across 15 images. Validation against LUDF data showed high coefficients of determination (mean R2 = 0.85, range 0.69 to 0.97 kg DM/ha) and low residual standard errors (mean RSE =138 kg, range 53 to 244 kg DM/ha). Validation against commercial data showed a higher level of variability between farms and images than the LUDF data. The Canterbury model accounted for a large proportion of the observed variability in pasture cover of dairy pastures when matched to high quality data, and showed seasonal trends in the model coefficients. Higher variability associated with commercial data may be attributed to geographic distribution, timing and method of data collection as well as varying levels of competency in monitoring skills. Keywords: Pasture, monitoring, satellite data, paddock ranking, pastures from space
White clover seed inoculation and coating in New Zealand
Authors: Lowther W.L. , Kerr G.A.
Published: June 2020

This paper reviews the requirement for inoculation of white clover (Trifolium repens) seed with rhizobia bacteria in New Zealand. The pastoral industry relies on the nitrogen fixed by clover's rhizobia bacteria. These rhizobia were not present in soils prior to European settlement, but were introduced as contaminants, and naturally spread with pastoral development. The advent of large scale land development in the 1950s identified areas where clovers failed to nodulate and establish due to the absence of rhizobia, which led to the development of inoculated lime coated seed. Rhizobia have spread widely throughout New Zealand, and in the great majority of situations where pasture is being sown, soils now contain high levels of resident rhizobia capable of nodulating white, red and alsike clover, and inoculation of clover seed is not required. However, it is suggested the use of inoculated clover seed should be considered in the following three situations as an insurance against nodulation failure: undeveloped grasslands with no evidence of resident clover; virgin pastoral land cleared directly from scrub; and paddocks cropped with maize continually for over 10 years. It has been hypothesised that inoculating clover seed may improve clover growth through introducing more effective rhizobia with better nitrogen fixation ability, but the research in this area suggests there is little likelihood of any significant response from doing this. Keywords: rhizobia, inoculation, coated seed, white clover, red clover, alsike clover
Seed yield and subsequent emergence pattern of subterranean clover cultivars in response to summer rain
Authors: Teixeira Carmen SP , Lucas Richard J. , Moot Derrick J.
Published: June 2020

At Lincoln University, Canterbury, seven subterranean cultivars rated in Australia as having different levels of ‘hardseedeness’ were established. Monocultures were sown in autumn and allowed to grow and set seed. Seed yields ranged from 340 to 1050 kg/ha. Heavy rain in early January 2016 resulted in a “false strike” of ≤ 4.0% of seeds during the subsequent dry February. A second emergence event in March also resulted in a “false strike” with a further 7 to 15% of total seeds lost. However, cultivars established >1000 seedlings/m2 after early winter rain, which is considered adequate for future persistence. Emergence was consistent with Australian hardseededness rankings. Cultivars with hardseed ranks <4 may be more suitable for dryland systems in New Zealand due to their early emergence and the ability to exploit the late summer and autumn rains.
Effects of perennial (‘Russell’) lupins on soil nitrogen and carbon in acid high-country soils
Authors: Che Xueying , Moir Jim L , Black Alistair D , Sheng H. , Li X.
Published: June 2020

Many high-country soils in the South Island have low soil pH and high exchangeable Al concentrations, limiting establishment and persistence of pasture and forage legumes. Perennial lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) is able to grow in acidic soil (pH<5.6) with high levels of exchangeable Al (Al>3ppm, 0.01 CaCl2) toxic to most other legumes. This study examined the effects of perennial lupin stands of varying ages on soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations (0-15 cm). Eight lupin sites, varying in age, and neighbouring long-term pasture sites were soil sampled and analysed for N and C concentrations. Sites planted with perennial lupin had significantly (P<0.001) higher total soil N (%) and soil mineralisable N (kg/ha) compared to adjacent pasture soils at the eight sites. Soil N status also declined with increasing soil depth in both lupin and pasture soils linked with plant residue accumulation in the topsoil. Soil N level generally increased with increasing lupin stand age (P<0.001), though the oldest (30 years) site did not fit this trend. This study provides strong evidence that lupins substantially increase soil total and labile soil N. Results indicate that perennial lupins may be a suitable and important species to develop poor quality soils on South Island high-country farms.
Identifikasi Kebutuhan Pendidikan Melalui Keunggulan Potensi Daerah
Authors: Iskandar Irham
Published: June 2020

The main objective of this research is to identify what education is in line with the advantages of regional potential, namely through specific typologies, approaches to the pattern of economic growth relations and the human development index and location quotient.

This type of research method is development research, namely research aimed at developing research findings or previous theories, both for the purposes of pure science and applied sciences and so on. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of data in the form of annual reports on Aceh economic statistics in 2012-2016 in the form of GRDP data, economic growth, per capita income, human development index obtained from the Central Statistics Agency.

The results of the study show that the identification of education is appropriate to the potential in disadvantaged areas, namely Aceh Singkil District such as electricity and gas procurement, financial and information services, government administration, land and compulsory social security, as well as health services and social activities; South Aceh Regency such as construction, information and communication, as well as government administration, land and compulsory social security; North Aceh Regency such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries; mining and excavation; and processing industry; Southwest Aceh District such as construction; health services and social activities; and other services; Aceh Tamiang Regency such as fisheries, forestry and fisheries; mining and excavation; and other services; Nagan Raya Regency such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries; and mining and quarrying; and Aceh Jaya Regency such as construction, transportation and warehousing, as well as government administration, defense and compulsory social security.

 

Keywords: standard typology, economic growth, human development index, and location quotient
Kejadian Putus Pakai (drop out) Kontrasepsi di Sumatera Utara Tahun 2017
Authors: Sinaga Riance Maria
Published: June 2020

Case when a contraceptive acceptors stop being acceptors is called a discontinued use case or also called Drop Out. Discontinuation rates indicates a problem with contraceptive use. This study aims to provide description about contraceptive dropouts in North Sumatra at 2017 based on data Program Performance Indicator KKBPK RPJMN Survey 2017. The study that was conducted is descriptive. The population referred to in this study were women of childbearring age 15-49 years who were respondents in Program Performance Indicator KKBPK RPJMN Survey 2017. Samples were women of childbearring age 15-49 years who had used contraceptive methods in the last 12 months but did not use tools / methods contraception when the survey was conducted. Data had been weighted and normalized before analyzed. The proportion of contraceptive discontinuation events in Sumatera Utara for women of childbearring age 15-49 years according to the RPJMN Indicator Survey data is as much as 7.4% or as many as 65 of 876 people who had used contraceptive methods in the last 12 months but have stopped when survey conducted. This study shows that the largest proportion of discontinuation events is in the age group of 35-39 years (40.2%), elementery and junior high school education (each has 31.0%), not working (58.6%), living in urban areas (56,0%) ), and medium wealth quintiles (38.4%). Based on contraceptive methods, the highest proportion of contraceptive discontinuation was in the 1-month injection contraception method (46.4%), followed by pill (30.1%)and the 3-month injection method (10.3%). Based on the number of children, the highest proportion of discontinuations in contraception was in respondents who had 3 children (49.6%). The biggest reason for dropping out were affraid of side effects (26.6%) and wanting to get pregnant (20,8%) on the second rank. It is expected that the implementation of better communication, information and education  related to limiting the number of children, and group of women of childbearring in the age 30-34 years and 35-39 years which is the highest age group with the event of discontinuation can be the target of programme.
Penentuan Teknologi Tepat Guna Pemanfaatan Biomassa Kelapa Sawit untuk Pekebun Rakyat Skala UMKM di Sumatera Utara Menggunakan Pendekatan BOCR-AHP
Authors: Sani Nasution Zulfi Prima
Published: June 2020

Keberadaan usaha kebun kelapa sawit yang dikelola pekebun umumnya masih terbatas pada usaha penjualan tandan buah segar (TBS) dan simpan pinjam. Ketergantungan pada penjualan TBS tersebut memiliki resiko yang besar terhadap fluktuasi harga yang pada akhirnya berpengaruh terhadap kinerja usaha kebun. Pemanfaatan biomassa kelapa sawit dapat menjadi salah satu peluang usaha yang menjanjikan bagi pekebun sawit serta mendukung ketahanan pangan dan energi masyarakat di pedesaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan teknologi pemanfaatan biomassa kelapa sawit yang paling tepat bagi pekebun kelapa sawit dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pekebun dalam pemilihan teknologi pemanfaatan biomassa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di 4 kabupaten di Sumatera Utara yaitu Langkat, Labuhanbatu, Batubara, dan Serdang Bedagai. Dalam penelitian ini, proses analisis hierarki (AHP) digunakan untuk menentukan teknologi pemanfaatan biomassa yang paling tepat bagi pekebun kelapa sawit. Kriteria yang digunakan adalah manfaat, peluang, risiko, dan biaya, dengan subkriteria meliputi: pendapatan, penyerapan tenaga kerja, kemudahan operasional, potensi bahan baku, potensi pasar, biaya invetsasi, biaya operasional dan pemeliharaan, risiko kegagalan operasional, risiko pasar dan risiko lingkungan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan survei, wawancara dan focus group discussion (FGD) dalam memperoleh data primer yang dilengkapi kuisioner. Alternatif teknologi meliputi briket arang tandan kosong sawit, pelet pelepah sawit, kerajinan lidi sawit, jamur tandan kosong sawit, gula merah sawit, pakan ternak berbasis sawit, papan sawit, dan kompos tandan kosong sawit. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Expert Choice. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan alternatif teknologi lainnya, kerajinan lidi sawit merupakan prioritas utama sebagai teknologi paling tepat dikembangkan oleh UMKM pekebun sawit di Sumatera Utara. Hasil analisis regresi multinomial menunjukkan kerajinan lidi menjadi teknologi yang paling banyak dipilih pekebun sawit. Keputusan pekebun memilih kerajinan lidi dipengaruhi biaya investasi. Sementara hasil analisis terhadap alternatif teknologi lainnya menunjukkan bahwa peluang pekebun memilih teknologi jamur tandan kosong dipengaruhi oleh usia dan biaya investasi, sedangkan gula merah sawit dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengetahuan teknologi
Perubahan Lingkungan Perairan Danau Toba Akibat Budidaya Perikanan Dalam Perspektif Ekologi Politik
Authors: Marpomari Mahulae Porman Juanda
Published: June 2020

Studi ini adalah sebuah bahasan untuk memahami perubahan lingkungan perairan Danau Toba akibat kegiatan budidaya perikanan berdasarkan perspektif ekologi politik. Studi ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan, analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. Studi menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan lingkungan yang terjadi di perairan Danau Toba adalah sebagai akibat pertentangan institusi ekonomi dan ekologi dalam pengaturan akses perairan danau untuk kegiatan budidaya perikanan. Pertentangan tersebut telah membuat para aktor terkait terbagi dua menjadi kelompok pro budidaya dan pro lingkungan hidup. Dualisme pengaturan tersebut berujung “pembangkangan” dan pengabaian kepentingan lingkungan dalam hubungan ekonomi dan politik. Serta melepaskan masyarakat pelaku KJA dan Perusahaan KJA dari pengawasan yang membatasi operasional kegiatan tersebut agar tidak melampaui daya dukung lingkungan. Korban utama dari perubahan lingkungan perairan tersebut adalah masyarakat sekitar sebagai pemanfaat langsung air danau.  Studi ini merekomendasikan agar dilakukan peninjauan ulang setiap kebijakan pengelolaan yang pernah ada. Berdasarkan tahapan-tahapan model pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang kolaboratif.

 Kata kunci: Danau Toba, Budidaya perikanan, ekologi politik
Soyada Bitki Besleme ve Hastalıklarla Mücadele Yöntemi Olarak Yapraktan Mangan Uygulamaları
Authors: SEVİLMİS Uğur , SEVİLMİŞ Deniz , ÖLMEZ Yaşar Ahu , AYKANAT Sait , ÖZCAN Oktay Burak
Published: June 2020

Mangan bitkilerde esas olarak fotosentez, lipid biyosentezi ve oksidatif stres ile ilişkili temel metabolik işlemlerde kofaktör olarak görev yapmaktadır. Mn eksikliği bitkilerde büyüme ve verim azalırken patojenlere ve don hasarına karşı hassasiyet artmaktadır. Mangan noksanlığının sık görüldüğü kireçli, yüksek pH’ya sahip topraklara mangan sülfat gibi tuzlar vermek genellikle faydasız bulunmaktadır. Çünkü verilen mangan kısa sürede yükseltgenerek alınamaz forma dönüşmektedir. Ayrıca topraktaki Mn, aynı yerde bir yetiştirme sezonu boyunca hem eksik hem de toksik olabilen tek elementtir. Bu durumun sebebi olarak toprağın sulama gibi sebeplerle su altında kalması, mikrobiyal faaliyetleri ve hacim ağırlığının manganın etkinliğini ciddi şekilde etkilemesidir.
Türkiye’nin soya üretiminde kendine yeterliliğinin çok düşük bir düzeyde olması, soya üretiminin artırılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Türkiye’de soya ekim alanlarının büyük kısmının bulunduğu Çukurova Bölgesi’nde toprakların Mn düzeyi düşük durumdadır. Soya bitkisi Mn eksikliğine karşı oldukça hassastır ve soyada mangan eksikliği diğer mikro besin eksikliklerinden daha sık görülür fakat soya, eksiklik durumunda Mn gübrelerine iyi yanıt verir. Mangan eksikliği, yüksek pH’ya sahip topraklarda yetiştirilen soyada tekrarlayan bir sorundur. Kimyasal gübrelerin topraktan uygulanması bu eksiklikten kaynaklanan verim kayıplarını hafifletmek için kullanılmaktadır ancak çoğu zaman etkisiz kalmaktadır. Bu derlemede soyada yapraktan mangan uygulamaları konusunda dünyada yürütülmüş bitki besleme çalışmalarının yanında manganın, yeni bir alan olan fungusit olarak kullanımı konusunda yapılmış çalışmalar da bir araya getirilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir.
Teknolojik yeniliklerin pencere sistemleri ve üretimi üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik bir araştırma
Authors: DİLİK Tuncer
Published: June 2020

Teknolojik yenilikler çerçevesinde geliştirilen ahşap ve diğer malzemelerle kombine edilerek üretilen pencerelerin avantajları sıralanırken, emsallerine göre gerek üretici açısından gerekse kullanıcı açısından ahşabın üstün özelliklerinden ne kadarının sağlandığı veya sakıncalarının ne kadarının giderildiği bir üstünlük olarak vurgulanmaktadır. Günümüzde, bu amaçla geliştirilmiş olan ve üzerinde çalışılan birçok pencere türü ve sisteminin belirlendiği bu çalışmada, sadece ülkemizde patent ve marka hakkını tescil ettirmiş olan kompozit pencere sistemlerinin bazıları hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir. Çalışmada, örnek pencere sisteminin hava geçirgenliği sınıfı A3, su geçirgenliği (sızdırmazlık) sınıfı ise RA7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, ilgili standart değerlerde belirtilen en yüksek kalite ve performans sınıfının A4 ve RA9 olduğu göz önüne alınacak olursa woodcom pencerelerin oldukça yüksek performans kalitesini sağladığı görülmektedir. Kompozit pencere sistemlerinin, pencere sektöründe en son geliştirilen sistemler olarak, farklı model ve tasarımlarla ahşabın diğer malzemelere olan üstün özellikleri ile PVC veya alüminyumun dayanıklılığını, montaj ve kullanım kolaylığını kombine eden avantajlarıyla pencere pazarında bulundukları ve pazar paylarını arttırmakta oldukları görülmektedir.
KOBALTANA: PALE FIRE’s Mystery Spot
Authors: Ross Mary
Published: June 2020

There is an unsolved mystery in Nabokov’s PALE FIRE–the hiding place of Zembla’s crown jewels. A closed loop in the index goes from “Crown Jewels,” to “Hiding place,” which refers to “Potaynik,” which refers to “Taynik, Russ., secret place; see Crown Jewels.” Nabokov, when asked for the location of Pale Fire’s crown jewels, offered an equally mystifying circumlocution: “In the ruins, sir, of some old barracks near Kobaltana (q.v.); but do not tell it to the Russians.” (SO, 92) Kobaltana is indeed listed in Pale Fire’s index as “a once fashionable mountain resort near the ruins of some old barracks now a cold and desolate spot of difficult access and no importance but still remembered in military families and forest castles, not in the text.” What and where are the mysterious crown jewels? We shall see.
Ockhamlı Wıllıam’ın Epistemolojisinin Oluşmasındaki Felsefi/Düşünsel Arka Plan
Authors: BİNGÖL Mustafa
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, iki çağ arasına sıkışan Ockhamlı William’ın epistemolojisinin oluşmasında etkili olan filozofların irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için öncelikle İlkçağ dönemine kadar uzanan süje ile obje arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklayarak, Ortaçağ’ın sonlarına doğru bu ilişkinin nereye doğru evrildiğini ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Çalışmamızda ayrıca bilgi ve dil için sadece tekil varlıkların gerekli olduğunu sürekli vurgulayan Ockhamlı’nın, nesnelerin gerçek varlığı üzerinde durması ve bilgiyi deneye indirgemesi ile felsefe ve teoloji arasında keskin bir çizgi çekmesi, onun dönüm noktası olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini açıklayacağız. Gilson’a bu hususta kulak kabarttığımızada, Ockhamlı’nın bilgi görüşünü şöyle ifade eder: “Gerçekten de bilgi ya soyuttur ya da sezgisel olabilir; bilgi soyut türdeyse yalnızca fikir ilişkileri hakkındadır, hatta fikirler hakkında zorunlu ilişkiler oluşturduğunda bile gerçek şeylerin güvencesini sağlayacak bir önerme istenirse, bu durumda bize sadece soyut ve sezgisel kanıt değil, doğrudan bir kanıt gerekir. Ockhamlı’nın usanmadan tekrarladığı şey de aslında budur.
Designing a Revenue Sharing Contract under Information Asymmetry
Authors: Bhattacharyya Jaimini , Marathe Rahul R. , Srinivasan G.
Published: June 2020

In a supply chain coordinated by a revenue sharing contract, under-reporting of sales revenue has been a common practice amongst retailers who always have private information about the market demand. In this article, we aim to design a mechanism to mitigate this problem. One may design a contract to elicit truthful information from the retailer while maximizing supplier’s payoff. However, we find that such contracts fail to coordinate the supply chain, when the market demand is high. Hence, we study an audit-based revenue sharing contract. First, we design a laboratory experiment to investigate the impact of retailer’s decisions on the subsequent choices made by the supplier. We find that the audit probability chosen by the supplier increases with the gap between retailer’s order quantity and the sales reported by the retailer. We follow this up with a simulation experiment which incorporates the findings of our laboratory experiment. Audit cost and the penalty announced by the supplier for not reporting true sales turned out to be important in making decisions for both the players. We also find the threshold auditing cost beyond which auditing is not economically viable for the supplier.
Arrangement of Multistory Underground Parking Garages in Complex Engineering and Geological Environment
Authors: Trushko Olga Vladimirovna , Trushko Vladimir Leonidovich , Demenkov Petr Alexeevich
Published: June 2020

This article discusses possible variants of underground parking lot in complex engineering and geological environment of St Petersburg, namely: soil excavation in open pit and excavation with solid supports. These methods were analyzed with regard to reasonability for preset construction conditions. A series of predictions were performed using Plaxis 2D software, two variants were described in this article: excavation with the bottom elevation of +0.560 m and excavation with the bottom elevation of -2,500 m and adjacent building (at the distance of 2.5 m). The formulated problems were solved using 2D models. The model was based on the Mohr–Coulomb theory which facilitated estimation of geotechnical environment in the vicinity of the construction. Predictions of retaining wall according to the two considered variants have demonstrated that maximum soil settlement near the excavation is 20 mm and the maximum additional settlement of building at the distance of 2 m from the excavation is 30 mm, which in both cases corresponds to predetermined specifications.
Use of ANN for Embedded Domotic System Based on IoT
Authors: Pachón-Suescun César Giovany , Pinzón-Arenas Javier Orlando , Jiménez-Moreno Robinson
Published: June 2020

Energy consumption is one factor of risk in the medium term around of the world, that can be minimized by efficient use of electrical devices include its disconnection after use. This article presents a system focused on smart homes, where the concepts of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence are applied in the designing of a system that allows a user from a web application to disconnect and connect an electrical network in a node. From the power of the device, time of use and consumption of this, an artificial neural network was designed and trained with the backpropagation algorithm, to discriminate between seven categories (fridge, TV, iron, dryer, lamp, computer and washing machine). A percentage of accuracy of 98.914% was obtained in the training of the network and, thanks to the feedback of the user in the web application, 99.369 and 99.174% were obtained in two cases of retraining of the network.
An Inventive Approach to Optimize Fuzzy Transportation Problem
Authors: Mathur Nirbhay , Srivastava Pankaj Kumar
Published: June 2020

The present paper wraps an innovative approach to optimize transportation problems through generalized trapezoidal numbers in a fuzzy environment. The main contribution here is to develop an innovative method to optimize the generalized fuzzy trapezoidal transportation problem and reduce the computational intricacy of the existing methods. Then again this method confers many improved results against classical North-West Corner and Least-Cost schemes in Fuzzy environment. An additional merit of the proposed scheme is that for several fuzzy transportation problems it furnishes the best possible way out directly. It is simple to understand and apply. The solution process is exemplified through two numerical examples and comparison with some standard existing methods.
Leadership for Organisational Adaptability: How Enabling Leaders Create Adaptive Space
Authors: Schulze Jonas Hermann , Pinkow Felix
Published: June 2020

Organisational adaptability is the ability of an organisation to recognise the need to change and seize opportunities in dynamic environments. In an increasingly complex world, leadership must pay attention to dynamic, distributed, and contextual aspects in order to position their organisations for adaptability. The theory of dynamic capabilities constitutes a central concept for the requirements that enable organisational adaptability. Recent research suggested a model of “leadership for organisational adaptability” embedded in the theory of dynamic capabilities and ambidextrous leadership. This model ascribes leaders the task of creating “adaptive spaces”, which are ways to engage in tension that arises when new ideas collide with an organisation’s operational system, in order to generate and scale innovation. This work employs a qualitative research design by conducting expert interviews with participants from the management consulting industry as an exemplary object of research, and it identifies ways by which leaders can create such adaptive spaces. Findings indicate that leaders predominantly achieve this by providing employees with head space and opportunities to connect with others and promote diversity within their organisations. However, they could engage more actively in activities that pressure the organisation to change, leverage network structures to scale innovation, and in developing employees. It further emerged that organisations have not fully internalised the notion of distributed leadership, which is deemed crucial for coping with complexity.
Different Summer and Autumn Water Deficit Affect the Floral Differentiation and Flower Bud Growth in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)
Authors: Bartolini Susanna , Lo Piccolo Ermes , Remorini Damiano
Published: June 2020

In deciduous fruit species, floral bud initiation, differentiation and organogenesis take place during the summer–autumn season that precedes anthesis. Among factors able to modify the regularity of these processes, water availability represents a crucial aspect. This investigation aimed to assess the influence of different summer and autumn water deficit and re-watering treatments on floral morphogenesis, xylem vessel differentiation and quality of flower buds. Trials were carried out on two-year-old potted apricot trees (cv. ‘Portici’) which were submitted to different regimes: (i) fully irrigated plants; (ii) stressed plants in June (S1), July (S2) and October (S3) followed to re-watering. Midday stem water potential was used to determine water status, and leaf gas exchanges were measured during trials. Histological analyses on floral differentiation, xylem progression within flower buds and biological observations were carried out. Both summer water stress periods affected the floral differentiation leading to a temporary shutdown. The S1 trees were able to recover the development of meristematic apices while S2 had a strong delay. All drought treatments caused a slower xylem progression, variations in bud size, blooming entity and flower anomalies. Results particularly highlights the importance of water availability also in early autumn.
Influence of Green Tuff Fertilizer Application on Soil Microorganisms, Plant Growth, and Soil Chemical Parameters in Green Onion (Allium fistulosum L.) Cultivation
Authors: Kuroda Kyohei , Kurashita Hazuki , Arata Tomoka , Miyata Ayaka , Kawazoe Miyu , Nobu Masaru K. , Narihiro Takashi , Ohike Tatsuya , Hatamoto Masashi , Maki Shinya , Yamaguchi Takashi
Published: June 2020

Organic farming (OF) has been increasing in popularity over recent years, but unfortunately tends to have lower yield, due to lower nutrient availability and pest problems. To better understand how OF influences plant growth, we must elucidate the impact of such practices on the microbial community, an important factor in soil management. In this study, we examined the relationship between farming practice, changes in plant growth, and soil microbial community for green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) cultivated over 313 days in green houses with OF using composts with natural green tuff as soil conditioner (EF1) or inorganic fertilizer (EF2). Average yields of EF1 were generally higher than EF2, reaching up to 12% higher (p < 0.05; day 131). The observed soil microorganism phylotypes and phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD)) were both significantly higher (p < 0.05) in EF1 than EF2 on days 93, 191 (only for PD), and 261, based on microbial richness indices. Several phylotypes belonging to the Bacillus-related microbial order Bacillales were found at higher abundances in EF1 soils, positively correlated with specific soil properties (i.e., humus, ammonium, and pH), and may associate with plant growth promotion and/or fungal toxin degradation. These results point towards novel positive effects of OF and provide insights into the management of soil microorganisms using organic fertilizers.
Enzymatic Activity of Soil under Spelt Grown in An Organic Farming System in Poland’s Temperate Climate
Authors: Filipek-Mazur Barbara , Pużyńska Katarzyna , Tabak Monika , Pużyński Stanisław
Published: June 2020

Wheat spelt is a very valuable plant, especially in organic farming. Its high nutritional values combined with low soil and climate requirements increase the interest in growing spelt in various soils. Spelt can be grown in different soil types, including sandy, wet, poor, non-draining and low-fertility soils. It is well adapted to cold climate. Compared to common wheat, it requires less nutrients and is more competitive against weeds. Activities of enzymes in soil under winter spelt have not been studied yet. We sought to determine whether the choice of varieties will also shape the enzymatic activities in different soil types and whether these activities will be the same under different climatic conditions of 2007, 2010 and 2013 year. The aim of this field experiment was to assess the impact of growing different winter spelt varieties (Oberkulmer Rotkorn, Franckenkorn, Schwabenkorn, Ostro) on the enzymatic activity on two different soil complexes. In the years 2007–2013, two three-year rotations of the experiment were carried out (the first ended in 2010 and the second in 2013). Spelt was cultivated in an organic system. Physicochemical properties of the two different types of soil after three and six years of the experiment were compared to the soil properties before the experiment. The catalase activity ranged between 3.33 and 6.75 µmol H2O2 g−1 d.m. min.−1, the dehydrogenase activity ranged between 1.6 and 87.7 nmol TPF g−1 d.m. 24 h−1, and the arylsulfatase activity ranged between 37.5 and 157 µmol pNF g−1 d.m. h−1. The enzymatic activity in the soil depended on the type of soil (as a rule, the activity was higher in a stagnic luvisol than in a haplic cambisol) and on the spelt variety (although no variety had a clear beneficial effect on the activities of all enzymes). Spelt cultivation in an organic system led to an increase of enzymatic activity in a stagnic luvisol, but not always in a haplic cambisol soil type.
Response Characteristics of Cross Tunnel Lining under Dynamic Train Load
Authors: Wang Ang , Shi Chenghua , Zhao Chenyang , Deng E , Yang Weichao , He Hong
Published: June 2020

The crossing area is a vulnerable component of the interchange high-speed railway tunnel because of the high-static stress level and the long-term dynamic train load in the operation period. Although attention has been paid to this problem, the response characteristics of high-speed railway tunnel lining at the cross position under the dynamic train load may still need further research as very little investigation is available on this issue at present. In this paper, the initial stress state and dynamic response characteristics of tunnel lining were studied using the three-dimensional finite element method. Furthermore, the damage evolutionary characteristics of the tunnel inverted arch under dynamic and initial static loads were researched using a set of self-developed indoor fatigue test devices. The size of the test box is 400 × 300 × 250 mm (length × width × height). Numerical simulation results indicate that the displacement and stress levels of tunnel lining are very high at the cross position. The stress increment of tunnel lining due to the dynamic train load is more likely to induce a break in the tunnel lining at this position. The indoor fatigue tests reveal that the change of structural strain increment amplitude and strain ratio is obvious when the dynamic load stress level is higher. It is better for dynamic stress levels not to exceed 0.6 times of structural tensile strength to avoid the tunnel lining being damaged in the long-time service period. The initial static load has an influence on the tunnel inverted arch, and the static stress level should be lower than 0.65 times of structural tensile strength to ensure the tunnel has long-time serviceability. This paper provides a reference for the future design of new cross tunnels and the operation safety evaluation and disease regulation of existing high-speed railway tunnels.
Design and Test of Double-Cutterbar Structure on Wide Header for Main Crop Rice Harvesting
Authors: Huang Mingsen , Li Yaoming , Chen Anya , Xu Lizhang
Published: June 2020

Harvesting main crop rice with a wide header at a required height can increase its ratoon crop yield by decreasing the stubble rolling rate. However, an increased harvest width brings in more input material in a specific time, causing the size enlargement or working speed slowdown of harvesters. To solve this issue, a double-cutterbar structure was proposed. To provide a design baseline for the structure, the cutterbar configuration methods based on rice plant deformation were developed and verified, stalk shearing tests were conducted, and a double-cutterbar prototype was fabricated and tested. The results indicated that the methods developed for the configuration of the upper and lower cutterbars could considerably implement their functions of lowering the straw-grain ratio and keeping stubble height as required. The shearing tests indicated that the bevel angle significantly influenced the total shearing energy on each cutting point in Internode 2 and 3 (p < 0.05) due to the increased stalk cross sectional area. The stubble rolling rate, panicle straw length and stubble height of the developed harvester were 26.9 %, 125 ± 80 mm and 332 ± 22 mm, respectively, which could meet the requirements of main crop rice harvesting. The outcomes indicated the functionality and practicability of the double-cutterbar structure developed based on rice plant deformation and shearing properties.
Physics-Based Simulations of Flow and Fire Development Downstream of a Canopy
Authors: Accary Gilbert , Sutherland Duncan , Frangieh Nicolas , Moinuddin Khalid , Shamseddine Ibrahim , Meradji Sofiane , Morvan Dominique
Published: June 2020

The behavior of a grassland fire propagating downstream of a forest canopy has been simulated numerically using the fully physics-based wildfire model FIRESTAR3D. This configuration reproduces quite accurately the situation encountered when a wildfire spreads from a forest to an open grassland, as can be the case in a fuel break or a clearing, or during a prescribed burning operation. One of the objectives of this study was to evaluate the impact of the presence of a canopy upstream of a grassfire, especially the modifications of the local wind conditions before and inside a clearing or a fuel break. The knowledge of this kind of information constitutes a major element in improving the safety conditions of forest managers and firefighters in charge of firefighting or prescribed burning operations in such configurations. Another objective was to study the behavior of the fire under realistic turbulent flow conditions, i.e., flow resulting from the interaction between an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with a surrounding canopy. Therefore, the study was divided into two phases. The first phase consisted of generating an ABL/canopy turbulent flow above a pine forest (10 m high, 200 m long) using periodic boundary conditions along the streamwise direction. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out for a sufficiently long time to achieve a quasi-fully developed turbulence. The second phase consisted of simulating the propagation of a surface fire through a grassland, bordered upstream by a forest section (having the same characteristics used for the first step), while imposing the turbulent flow obtained from the first step as a dynamic inlet condition to the domain. The simulations were carried out for a wind speed that ranged between 1 and 12 m/s; these values have allowed the simulations to cover the two regimes of propagation of surfaces fires, namely plume-dominated and wind-driven fires.