bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined off-pump mitral repair and thoracoscopic maze surgery
Authors: Carnero-Alcázar Manuel , Cobiella-Carnicer Javier , Mahia-Casado Patricia , Maroto-Castellanos Luis Carlos
Published: October 2020

A 67-year-old man with severe mitral regurgitation and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was admitted to our institution for surgical repair. The procedure was carried out off-pump. We first performed a totally thoracoscopic maze box lesion set with epicardial transmural radiofrequency, and clipped the left atrial appendage. The mitral valve prolapse was repaired by implanting three transapical neochordae. Six months later, the patient was in sinus rhythm with minimal residual mitral regurgitation on echocardiography. This novel approach is less invasive than the standard surgical correction and should ensure a faster recovery with similar safety and efficacy in selected cases.
Virtual Reality Church as a New Mission Frontier in the Metaverse: Exploring Theological Controversies and Missional Potential of Virtual Reality Church
Authors: Jun Guichun
Published: October 2020

The combination of COVID-19 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought an unprecedented new normal, which has affected all aspects of human life, including religious activities. As a consequence, church mission and different ministries have found themselves more dependent on media. Furthermore, the convergent digital technology continually develops augmented reality and virtual reality, in which churches are planted and continue to carry out their mission and ministries. Although virtual reality churches are new mission frontiers in the digital age, there are several theological issues from the conventional perspective of church ministry and mission. This paper aims to address the controversial theological issues and reflect on them from an ecclesiological perspective to explore a theological possibility to overcome the issues and to justify their mission and ministries in virtual reality.
Visual and Haptic Perception of Affordances of Feelies
Authors: Dowell Catherine , Hajnal Alen , Pouw Wim , Wagman Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2020

Most objects have well-defined affordances. Investigating perception of affordances of objects that were not created for a specific purpose would provide insight into how affordances are perceived. In addition, comparison of perception of affordances for such objects across different exploratory modalities (visual vs. haptic) would offer a strong test of the lawfulness of information about affordances (i.e., the invariance of such information over transformation). Along these lines, “feelies”— objects created by Gibson with no obvious function and unlike any common object—could shed light on the processes underlying affordance perception. This study showed that when observers reported potential uses for feelies, modality significantly influenced what kind of affordances were perceived. Specifically, visual exploration resulted in more noun labels (e.g., “toy”) than haptic exploration which resulted in more verb labels (i.e., “throw”). These results suggested that overlapping, but distinct classes of action possibilities are perceivable using vision and haptics. Semantic network analyses revealed that visual exploration resulted in object-oriented responses focused on object identification, whereas haptic exploration resulted in action-oriented responses. Cluster analyses confirmed these results. Affordance labels produced in the visual condition were more consistent, used fewer descriptors, were less diverse, but more novel than in the haptic condition.
Financial geography II: The impacts of FinTech – Financial sector and centres, regulation and stability, inclusion and governance
Authors: Wójcik Dariusz
Published: October 2020

In this report, I review interdisciplinary research on the actual and potential consequences of FinTech, with emphasis on ideas from and for geographers, and three areas: financial sector and centres, financial regulation and stability, and financial inclusion and governance. I show that the consequences of FinTech are full of controversies, which are part of broader, long-standing debates on the role of finance in economy and society, and need to be approached from geographical perspectives. The intense fusion of fin and tech, arguably accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, complicates and elevates these controversies to a new level.
The Relevance and Pertinence of Sexuality Education in Seminary: The Explicit and Null Curricular Practices in Ministry Training
Authors: Suh Jessica D.
Published: October 2020

In this consciousness-raising climate, religious leaders are confronted with opportunities to counsel on matters of sexuality. A curriculum audit was done for twenty evangelical U.S. seminaries to identify efforts in place to prepare future ministry leaders in addressing pertinent sexuality concerns. Ten institutions had no course listing or description that suggested any training. Further discussion with several seminaries shed more light on current practices. Suggestions are also offered for implementing changes in programs and curricula.
Turning bandits into ‘good citizens’: Coastal violence on the south coast of the Ming Empire in the fifteenth century
Authors: Molenaar Sander
Published: October 2020

Banditry was a recurring problem on the mountainous, island-dotted south coast of the Ming Empire (1368–1644). Scholars mainly discuss banditry on the south coast in the context of growing international trade and focus on the sixteenth century while largely ignoring endemic forms of banditry. This article studies the interaction of bandit groups, coastal communities and Ming officials during the fifteenth century to show that banditry was an integral part of life on the south coast of the Ming Empire. Furthermore, it argues that the inability of Ming officials to understand how banditry was integrated in coastal society limited their capacity to secure long-term solutions.
The Cinque Ports and Great Yarmouth in dispute in 1316: Maritime violence, royal mediation and political language
Authors: Hu Jiazhu
Published: October 2020

Before the Tudors, England had no standing navy, and relied heavily on its urban corporations for shipping and coastal defence. Despite their significant naval contribution to medieval England, eminent maritime communities such as the Cinque Ports were notorious for indiscriminate piratical activities, especially at a time when the sea was largely a lawless area, and crime could hardly be differentiated from reprisals and private wars. In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, Admiralty jurisdiction was not yet established, and royal intervention into domestic maritime disputes was limited and only resulted in short-term peace. While local factors in royal mediation have largely been ignored in the historiography, this article argues that the result of arbitration depended significantly on local cooperation. It focuses on the recurring royal mediation in the perennial conflict between the Cinque Ports (Kent and Sussex) and Great Yarmouth (Norfolk), and especially on a notably hostile episode in 1316. Two opposing petitions from the Cinque Ports and Great Yarmouth, produced and submitted for the purpose of arbitration, show how the two communities presented maritime disputes and voiced their grievances before royal authority. By contextualising and comparing these petitions, the article explores the political language used by the two communites and the political awareness behind it, which led to their different reactions to the royal proclamation of peace in the following months. The dispute between the Cinque Ports and Great Yarmouth in 1316 also illustrates the nature of political interaction between England’s maritime communities and royal authority in the early fourteenth century, a period when the English Crown’s interest in keeping maritime peace was growing.
Introduction: Piracy and occasional state power
Authors: Coakley John , Kwan C. Nathan , Wilson David
Published: October 2020

States exert their power over maritime predation only occasionally depending on prevalent circumstances. Historically, when states have perceived and attempted to address a problem of piracy, they have encountered severe limits on their abilities to manage private maritime enterprise in waters under their purported control. Despite the popular conception that piracy falls into the legal category of ‘universal jurisdiction’, such jurisdiction has only been employed sporadically. In reality, despite high-profile ‘terror’ campaigns against pirates, states regularly employed alternative means of suppression, including negotiation, legal posturing and co-optation. The four articles in this Forum provide detailed case studies of the occasional use of state power to regulate maritime predation in diverse waters and contexts. In these examples, states respectively negotiated with maritime communities in medieval England, sought a monopoly on violence in the South China Sea, collaborated with other states to police colonial Hong Kong, and dealt diplomatically with a local pirate hero to defend New Orleans. Across each article, the ‘state’ faced a particular problem of piracy, but could only occasionally exert power to manage it.
WOW – Women on the Waves. P&O’s pioneering women seafarers: Past, present and future online exhibition: www.poheritage.com/the-collection/exhibitions/wow-women-on-the-waves, 8 March 2020, continuing indefinitely
Authors: Stanley Jo
Published: October 2020

This review essay appraises the first online exhibition in the world on gendered maritime labour. The 23-panel exhibition addresses the subject from a UK perspective and deals specifically with P&O’s women seafarers from the company’s earliest times to today. Initially the essay outlines the contents of each panel and its accompanying ‘treasure chests’, making wider points about P&O’s position compared to other UK shipping operators. Then it tackles four key questions. How typical of women’s progress in the maritime world is this representation of P&O women? How productively and fairly does this exhibition represent the subject: a marginalised group’s progression from the periphery to the mainstream? How does this exhibition about a particular marginalised group illuminate the company’s growing understanding of the need to embrace diversity? Fourth, what is not there that should there? The essay concludes that the exhibition is, remarkably, of global value.
Mentoring PhD students working in industry: Using hermeneutics as a critical approach to the experience
Authors: Vauterin Johanna Julia , Virkki-Hatakka Terhi
Published: October 2020

While there is abundant research looking at the impact of mentoring in academic environments, inquiry into and the construction of knowledge from the experience of mentors has remained limited. This is mainly because of the methodological difficulty that is inherent in the study of mentoring experiences. The authors address this difficulty by using hermeneutics as a research method, and developing a learning framework based on the Laurillard conversational framework to reflect on a mentor’s journey throughout her experience of mentoring a group of PhD students working in industry. From this we learn that mentoring working PhDs is a common goal focused learning partnership between all actors involved. This partnership is defined by the actors and the forms of interaction within the partnership, and is enabled by the mentor’s availability and capabilities. The paper also demonstrates how hermeneutics can be used as a robust research method to study the many subjective meanings of professional mentoring – meanings that are challenging to translate into transferable knowledge for ourselves and others to learn from. In particular, the authors wish to encourage colleagues and readers to use hermeneutics as a critical approach to explore complex, human-made academic–industrial collaborative mentoring practices from different perspectives and to produce a new understanding of the potential of alternative academic–industrial collaboration links.
Looking for wisdom in Wis 11:2–19:2: between universalism and particularism
Authors: Pevarello Daniele
Published: October 2020

The retelling of the exodus narrative in the second half of Wis 11:2–19:22 has often been treated as a thematic shift from sapiential universalism to Jewish particularism. The aim of this article is to contribute to our understanding of Wis 11:2–19:22 through a reappropriation of its universalistic outlook. I argue here that Pseudo-Solomon’s retelling of Israel’s Heilsgeschichte remains focused on the universal order of creation even when discussing themes, such as the punishment of the Egyptians in the exodus narrative, which would lend themselves to polemical and particularistic tones. Integrating creatively historical narrative and sapiential observation of nature, Pseudo-Solomon develops a reflection in which Israel’s particularistic “history of salvation” is at the same time a universal “natural history of salvation” in which salvation reveals itself in the very mechanics of God’s creation.
Mapping ideal ways of living: Virtue and vice lists in 1QS and 4Q286
Authors: Uusimäki Elisa
Published: October 2020

This article analyses virtue and vice lists in ancient Hebrew literature, specifically focusing on those found in 1QS and 4Q286. It is argued that these texts from Qumran offer distinctive evidence for extended lists of virtues and vices. Apart from illustrating ideals of the yaḥad movement, the sources invite us to consider what counted as ethical to ancient Jews and whether the texts indicate any attempt to organize ethical concerns. The authors lacked a meta-category denoting “virtue” (cf. ἀρετή in Greek or virtus in Latin), but they discussed a myriad of specific virtues and vices by way of listing and grouping (un)desirable qualities that can be characterized as moral, intellectual, and ritual. It is also likely that the authors regarded the qualities of wisdom and truth as elevated “master virtues” of some kind. The article ends with reflections on the types of ethics attested in 1QS and 4Q286. Drawing on anthropological research, the texts are argued to primarily promote what could be called “ethics of divinity.”
Performance evaluation and acceptability of point-of-care Trichomonas vaginalis testing in adult female emergency department patients
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Lewis Mitra K , Viertel Valentina G , Myer Deanna , Rothman Richard E , Gaydos Charlotte A
Published: October 2020

We evaluated the accuracy and perception of a patient self-administered, tablet-facilitated rapid Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) point-of-care (POC) test in adult female emergency department (ED) patients.

ED patients undergoing gynecologic examination were eligible. Each consented participant self-collected a vaginal swab, performed a tablet-facilitated TV rapid test using the OSOM® Trichomonas Rapid Test, and completed pre- and post-test self-surveys. After the self-test, the clinician collected one standard-of-care (SOC) vaginal swab for wet-mount testing and two for research. The research coordinator performed the TV rapid test using the clinician-collected swab, and reported the results to the clinician and patient. If the self- and coordinator-performed results were discordant, a TV nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was performed in a clinical laboratory. A survey was later administered to providers to assess their perceptions of the utility of the POC TV test.

Of the 136 participants, 134 (98.5%) completed self-testing; two had invalid results. Comparing coordinator-performed TV rapid test adjudicated with NAAT, the sensitivity and specificity of self-administered test was 96.0% and 100%, respectively. The wet mount had a sensitivity of 52.0% and specificity of 100%. TV detection increased from 9.6% with wet mount to 18.4% with the TV rapid test. Most women (82.0%) stated self-testing was “not at all hard” (versus 66.2% before testing, p < 0.001). Clinicians indicated the TV rapid test affected their clinical management in 48.5% of cases, including 82.6% of positive cases and 41.6% of negative cases.

ED patients were able to reliably collect, perform, and interpret their own POC TV test using tablet instructions. Both participants and providers reported high levels of acceptability of POC TV testing, which nearly doubled rates of TV detection.
From Treadmill of Production to Just Transition and Beyond
Authors: Tomassetti Paolo
Published: October 2020

Drawing on Treadmill of Production (ToP) and Just Transition (JT) theories, the article proposes a comparative analysis of the labour/environment nexus, evident across Europe and epitomized in the case of the Italian industrial relations system. The research shows continuity between ToP and JT. Despite ToP being the dominant logic of collective action during much of the modern (post-Second World War) industrial era, a long wave of JT can be identified from the late 1960s, as Italian union struggles for decent and healthier working environments contributed to making production processes more sustainable for the broader environment and communities far beyond the workplace. This long wave of JT is nowadays reinforced and made more visible by an explicit integration of labour and environmental protection through collective bargaining and social partnerships. In many cases, however, labour and capital interests still prevail over environmental ones and new dimensions of ToP emerge in the JT era.
Staying with the Social Project: A Review of Feminist Criminology
Authors: Dunbar Winsor Katharine
Published: October 2020

Review of the Field

In this issue, Social & Legal Studies is pleased to publish the third of an occasional feature: Review of the Field. Our ambition in this series is to publish articles which reflect upon fields of study and which offer a critical appraisal of the key literature and concepts. The aim is to provide not only a valuable map of the scholarly terrain but, equally, we hope that the format will give authors the opportunity to set a direction of travel for their discipline. Thus, we anticipate that reviews will ask new research questions, identify gaps in the scholarship and explore connections and discontinuities between diverse bodies of knowledge. Suggestions for future reviews are welcome and should be addressed to members of the Editorial Board. We are pleased to publish this Review of Feminist Criminology by Katharine Dunbar Winsor of Concordia University. We hope that our readers agree with us that the article provides an important addition to the literature and provides an invaluable template for contributors of future reviews. Editorial Board Social & Legal Studies

The emergence of the feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s became a primary influence of the field of feminist criminology. Feminist criminology has evolved over the past several decades and has remained impacted by and in dialogue with feminist thought and perspectives. Within the field, researchers have focused on producing and circulating women-centred knowledge. Despite this, tensions within the field highlight diverging approaches to what and who is studied. In Canada, the maturation of feminist criminology as a field has coincided with significant changes to women’s penology. In this essay, the development and changes to feminist criminology are mapped through an examination of key events and changes in Canada’s penal strategies for women. What emerges is the argument that feminist criminology must understand itself beyond narrow and discrete terms and instead must work with the tensions and debates of the field to keep women’s voices centred and the feminist social project alive.
Robert Kendell: his career and contribution to psychiatric diagnosis
Authors: Lloyd Geoffrey
Published: October 2020

This paper reviews the career of Robert Kendell with emphasis on his contribution to diagnosis in psychiatry. His studies on the classification of depression showed that symptoms were distributed on a continuum and that division of depression into sub-types was not justified. Similarly he showed there was no clear-cut distinction between symptoms of schizophrenia and affective psychoses. He examined Scadding’s definition of disease as it applied to psychiatry and questioned whether some conditions such as neuroses and personality disorders would qualify as illnesses. He concluded that available evidence supported a dimensional rather than a categorical approach to diagnosis.
Gender Differences in the Impact of Depression on Cognitive Decline Among Korean Older Adults
Authors: Hwang Jongnam , Kim Seongju , Kim Sujin
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to investigate whether (1) depression is associated with cognitive decline in Korean older adults and (2) the relationship between depression and cognitive function varies by gender. Using Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data of 2006 to 2014, we studied 1787 adults aged 65 years or older who had normal cognitive function at baseline. This study examined the effects of depression on cognitive decline by using an interaction term of baseline depression and time, and compared relationships by gender. Among male participants, K-MMSE (Korean-Mini-Mental Status Examination) scores decreased with age, at an annual rate of approximately 0.465 points. Baseline depression was found to accelerate the decline in cognitive function, by approximately 0.184 points per year. Among female participants, K-MMSE scores decreased with age, at an annual rate of approximately 0.585 points. Baseline depression was not related to the decline in cognitive function. These results suggest the need for community-based programs to increase awareness of mental health problems need to be developed to encourage the use of health services to prevent or delay cognitive decline in older Korean males.
Significance of Home Visiting in Providing Care to Filipino Mothers and Their Infants During the Postpartum Period
Authors: Ngaya-an Floreliz V. , De Torres Ryan Q. , Tejero Lourdes Marie S. , Pacquiao Dula F.
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Home visiting is recommended for mothers and young infants during the first week of life to provide needed support. This study describes the significance of home visiting in providing care to Filipino mothers and their infants during the postpartum period.

Methodology:

Using a descriptive qualitative design, individual interviews were conducted with 10 mothers, four registered nurses, and five barangay health workers involved in home visits. Data analysis was guided by the four phases of Leininger’s ethnonursing method.

Results:

Three themes emerged: (1) home visiting provides accessible, affordable, and meaningful interventions; (2) home visiting allows for contextual understanding of mothers’ behaviors and realistic planning of care; and (3) barangay health workers promote mothers’ engagement in care.

Conclusion:

Home visits enable negotiation of differences between generic and professional care practices, thus enhancing professional collaboration with families and community workers, potentiating culturally congruent participation and empowerment of clients in their care.
Methadone for Cancer Pain in Pediatric End-of-Life Care
Authors: Hall Elizabeth A. , Sauer Hannah E. , Habashy Catherine , Anghelescu Doralina L.
Published: October 2020

Background:

The goal of adequate pain control becomes increasingly salient for children with cancer and their families as the patients approach the end of life. Methadone is one option that is particularly desirable in end-of-life care given its long duration of action and NMDA antagonism that may help in controlling pain refractory to conventional opioids. The purpose of this study was to describe a single institution’s experience with methadone for the treatment of cancer pain in pediatric end-of-life care.

Methods:

This retrospective, observational, single-center study included all patients during a 9-year period who died in the inpatient setting and were receiving methadone in their last 30 days of life.

Results:

Twenty patients were identified, 18 (90%) of whom received methadone for nociceptive pain. The median duration of methadone use was 32 days (range 2-323 days). Methadone doses ranged from 0.09 to 7.76 mg/kg per day. There were no instances of discontinuing methadone due to an increased QTc interval. No episodes of torsades de pointes were observed.

Conclusion:

In patients with pediatric cancer who are nearing the end of life, methadone is a valuable adjunctive therapy to treat nociceptive and neuropathic pain and to prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance. An individualized approach to dosage and route should be considered based on specific clinical circumstances.
Investigation on impact noise radiated by the elastic collision of multiple spheres
Authors: Xiao Wei , Yang Gang , Hu Dean
Published: October 2020

Collision among multiple structures is a major source of noise in industry. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the collision noise radiated by the impact structures, the collision noise of multiple spheres is measured by an impact device and simulated by a validated numerical model. The numerical model of collision noise radiation is constructed with the explicit nonlinear LS-DYNA3D and the acoustic module in LMS virtual lab. Based on this numerical model, the influence of different factors, including the initial velocity of the impactor, the initial gap, and the number of impactees, on the collision noise radiation of multiple spheres is studied. The numerical results reveal that the amplitude of acoustic pressure is proportional to the initial velocity of the impactor in an elastic collision. It is also found that the initial gap between impactees does affect noise radiation through the acceleration and the noise superposition of spheres. With the increasing number of impactees, the attenuation of noise will slow down.
Unrecovered objects: Narratives of dispossession, slow violence and survival in the investigation of mass graves from the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Renshaw Layla
Published: October 2020

The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) was triggered by a military uprising against the democratically elected Popular Front government. Away from the battlefield, this war was characterized by the politically-motivated murder of thousands of civilians, many of whom were buried in clandestine graves throughout Spain. Following Franco’s victory and subsequent dictatorship, there were strong prohibitions on commemorating the Republican dead. A radical rupture in Spain’s memory politics occurred from 2000 onwards with the founding of the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory and other similar pressure groups that have organized the exhumation and reburial of the Republican dead.

This article is based on fieldwork conducted in communities in Castile and León, and Extremadura as they underwent mass grave investigations. It examines the experience of theft and dispossession that occurred as part of the Francoist repression of Republicans. Accounts of these episodes focus on stolen and looted objects robbed from the dead during the killings, from the graves’ post-mortem, or from surviving relatives as part of the systematic dispossession of Republican households that occurred during the war and immediate post-war period. These narratives surface with frequency during the investigation and exhumation of mass graves. Despite the fact that many are lost forever, these stolen possessions can function as powerful mnemonic objects with a strong affective and imaginative hold. The narratives of dispossession explore themes of survival, the experiences of women and children, and the impact of slow violence. By invoking theft and stolen objects, these stories highlight forms of trauma and forms of memory that may not be represented fully by the dominant investigative paradigm of the mass grave exhumation with its inherent focus on death, cataclysmic violence and the tangible, physical traces of the past.
Prospective fuels for diesel low temperature combustion engine applications: A critical review
Authors: Krishnasamy Anand , Gupta Saurabh K , Reitz Rolf D
Published: October 2020

Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies are most promising to simultaneously reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions from diesel engines along with offering higher thermal efficiency. Commercial wide spread implementation of diesel LTC strategies requires several challenges to be addressed, including lack of precise ignition timing control, widening the narrow operating load ranges and reducing high unburned fuel emissions. These challenges can be addressed through modifications in the engine or fuel design or both. The timing and rate of combustion in several LTC strategies are controlled primarily by the chemical kinetics of the fuel. Since, diesel fuel reactivity and volatility are tailor-made to perform well under conventional diesel combustion conditions, its application in LTC poses several problems, as highlighted in this paper. Hence, it is important to identify suitable alternative fuels for the different diesel LTC strategies. The published literature on LTC over the past 25 years is critically analyzed to discuss the evolution of the different diesel LTC strategies, their operability limits, the challenges and the controlling parameters for each strategy. This is followed by in-depth analysis of the role of the fuel and the fuel requirements for each strategy. Further, the importance of adopting a hybrid surrogate modeling approach to enable numerical simulation of diesel LTC is highlighted. A novel attempt of relating various diesel low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies based on the approach followed to achieve positive ignition dwell through different injection strategies, utilizing high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and dual fuels is presented. The need for replacing diesel with alternative liquid fuels in LTC strategies is presented by highlighting the fundamental problems associated with diesel fuel characteristics. The review concludes by suggesting potential alternative fuels for various diesel LTC strategies and provides directions for future work to address the challenges facing compression ignition LTC operation.
Enchantment and perpetual desire: Theorizing disenchanted enchantment and technology adoption
Authors: Belk Russell , Weijo Henri , Kozinets Robert V.
Published: October 2020

Dominant perspectives on technology adoption and consumption tend to be cognitive, instrumental, and individualistic. We offer a desire-centered, future-oriented, and culturally grounded alternative model called the Disenchanted Enchantment Model (DEM). Drawing on historical evidence and revised interpretations of theories of enchantment and disenchantment by Weber and Saler, we show that desire is at the heart of technology consumption’s enchantments, and how its fulfilment is temporary, skeptical, and ironic. We provide an important cultural counterbalance to models such as the Technology Acceptance Model, which replace wonder with reason. Instead we theorize the process that drives contemporary technology adoption as centering on desirous senses of wonderment and anticipation. We offer current and recent examples of the DEM process and discuss the implications this model holds for a new understanding of technology, consumption, desire, and broader consumer culture.
Transformative experience and epiphany in education
Authors: Yacek Douglas W. , Gary Kevin
Published: October 2020

This article argues for the thesis that epiphanies are a central means for transformative moral and intellectual growth. Drawing on recent work on this concept in moral education, the article develops a conception of epiphany as a genre of transformative experience with three distinct phenomenological dimensions: a disruption of our everyday activity, a realization of an ethical good or value, and an aspiration to integrate this value more fully into our lives. After presenting this conception of epiphany, the article turns to some of its educational implications. We argue that transformative educational aims are best advanced when an ethos of epiphany is created in the classroom.
School deserts: Visualizing the death of the neighborhood school
Authors: Alexander Monique , Massaro Vanessa A
Published: October 2020

The purported purpose of school choice policies is to increase students’ access to “good schools.” There is little discussion, however, of where those good schools are located, nor of the ways in which the distribution of good schools mirrors broader patterns of uneven development in the United States. Given that schools are neighborhood assets and that the distance which students travel to get to school affects their success, the locations of schools matter tremendously and are inextricable from questions of social and spatial justice. We introduce and argue for the explicit use of the term “school desert” as a way for scholars to understand and describe the spatial injustice of school closures and for activists to argue the importance of effective local schools. Spatial visualization and rendering of social problems is an invaluable strategy for effecting policy change. As cities move increasingly to a “de-spatialized” geography of schooling where catchment zones are less determinate of where a student attends school, it is important to consider where the desirable schools are and where they are not. A more nuanced visualization of school locations than neighborhood demographics offers a new lens through which to examine the (un)intended effects of school closures on students, communities, and development. Using Pennsylvania as a case study, we use a geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the broader reverberations of school choice policies and determine who, demographically, has access to high-quality schools. In light of this research, we also propose an innovative analytic and methodology that describes the educational inequity which is caused by spatial relationships between students’ homes and high-quality schooling. Through the concept of a school desert we explore the (un)intended spatial implications of school closures. School deserts occur as a result of school choice policies that justify school closures. Closures and the location of good schools are geographically uneven, tempered by the federal and local policies that ensure income and racial segregation in US housing. Our analysis of Pennsylvania reveals the uneven distribution of access to good schools in the same way that mapping food deserts displays how market forces have failed to evenly distribute quality food. We find that areas with high-quality schools are significantly wealthier and whiter than school deserts, a conclusion which mirrors those concerning other low-quality neighborhood assets. School deserts as a methodology demonstrate that if students do not have geographic access to good schools, then school choice policies do not, in fact, offer choice.
Ask Only What Your Country Can Do for You: Group Interests, Constituency Characteristics and Demands for Representation
Authors: Christenson Dino P. , Lin Jennifer , Makse Todd
Published: October 2020

Providing representation entails making choices about prioritizing the needs of diverse groups within one’s constituency. While citizens cannot reasonably expect that representatives will cater to their particular interests or priorities all the time, we know little about citizens’ expectations in this regard. In this paper, we present the results of two survey experiments that probe the relationship between citizens’ group identifications, their perceptions of their constituencies, and their demands regarding representation. We find that citizens are generally egocentric, in that they expect a representative to cater to personally relevant interests even when such interests are not an important part of the representative’s constituency. Moreover, we find that this egocentrism is not mitigated through the provision of information about the district’s diversity or composition, indicating that voter ignorance about the nature of constituencies is not the primary cause of these expectations. Regardless of sophistication, we observe expectations that are unrealistically self-centered.
Researching Binge-Watching
Authors: Jenner Mareike
Published: October 2020

This piece gives an overview of the different ways binge-watching is explored and analysed in contemporary television studies. It specifically explores the way binge-watching has been covered in the technological histories of television, fan studies, audience reception research, and narratology. In this, it insists that binge-watching is deployed in different ways within the broad and diverse field of television studies. The distinct uses of binge-watching in different sub-fields of television studies makes it a term that can be deployed in a variety of ways, suggesting that there can be no ‘one’ definition, also allowing for its resilience in the face of constant change of the medium.
Impact of Visibility and Accessibility on Healthcare Workers’ Hand-Hygiene Behavior: A Comparative Case Study of Two Nursing Units in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Cai Hui , Tyne Intisar Ameen , Spreckelmeyer Kent , Williams Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

This study aims to explore the impacts of visibility and accessibility of alcohol gel-based hand sanitizer dispensers (HSDs) on healthcare workers’ hand-hygiene (HH) behaviors.

Background:

Despite the importance of HH in reducing nosocomial infection, few empirical studies have quantitatively investigated the impacts of unit shape and size, and the resulted visibility and accessibility on HH, due to the lack of consistent methods to measure and evaluate visibility.

Methods:

The research was developed as a cross-sectional comparative study of two nursing units (Units A and B) with similar patient acuity and nursing care model but different shape and layout. The study applied quantitative research methods including visibility and accessibility analysis using space syntax, 1-week on-site observation, and secondary data analysis on HH compliance rates.

Results:

Results indicate that the unit with higher visibility and accessibility is associated with higher HH frequencies. Unit B has significantly higher visibility of HSDs, p < .001, t(60) = 4.615, and significantly higher frequency of HH activity occurrences, 5.17% versus 1.52%; p < .001, t(16.750) = 5.332, than Unit A, even though Unit B has lower HSD to bed ratio (0.708:1 vs. 1.375:1). The linear regression models also demonstrate that visibility and accessibility of HSDs are significant predictors of HH behavior.

Conclusions:

Overall, this exploratory study identified the importance of visibility of HSDs to improve the chances of HH. It also points out the impacts of nursing unit typology on the visibility of HSDs and in turn affects HH behavior.
Short-Term Outcomes of Primary Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Octogenarians: A National Database Analysis
Authors: Partan Matthew , Frane Nicholas , Iturriaga Cesar , Matai Prashant , Bitterman Adam
Published: October 2020

Background

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an increasingly popular option for end-stage ankle arthritis. Americans over the age of 80 years grew to 16.7 million in 2010, but there are scarce data assessing the outcomes of octogenarians undergoing TAA. This study evaluated (1) perioperative factors, (2) 30-day postoperative complications compared to a nonoctogenarian cohort, and (3) independent risk factors for adverse outcomes.

Methods

A national database registry was queried for patients who had undergone primary TAA. This yielded 1113 patients, under (n = 1059) and over (n = 54) age 80 years. Demographics and perioperative data were compared using Fisher’s exact, χ2, and independent-samples t tests. Logistic and Poisson regressions were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) of complications and independent risk factors.

Results

The octogenarian cohort had longer in-hospital length of stay (1.9 vs 2.5 days, P < .0001). Octogenarians were not significantly more likely to develop any complication (OR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval = 0.29-6.04; P = .722), or increased number of complications (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.27-5.18; P = .820). Octogenarians had significantly increased risk of being discharged to rehab/skilled nursing (OR = 6.60; 95% CI = 2.16-20.15; P < .001) instead of home.

Conclusion

Although the elderly population may carry inherent risk factors, octogenarians do not present an increased risk of short-term complications following TAA.

Levels of Evidence

Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective cohort study.
Rheological investigations of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Moroccan seaweed Cystoseira myriophylloides algae
Authors: Zaim Soumia , Cherkaoui Omar , Rchid Halima , Nmila Rachid , El Moznine Reddad
Published: October 2020

The rheological properties and spectrum infrared of polysaccharides extracted from Cystoseira myriophylloides algae were investigated in the concentrations range from 3 to 9% (w/v) and at different temperatures. Results of rheological characteristics in a steady shear rate showed pseudoplastic properties and the dynamic rheological properties showed a fluid-like viscoelastic behavior. The flow and viscoelastic characteristics of polysaccharides were described using the power-law (the Ostwald model). The values of flow behavior index of the sample were close to unity (0.91) for 3% and it decreased up to 0.71 for 9% revealing the shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) nature of these polysaccharides. Moreover, the consistency coefficient increased non-linearly with concentration and it was described by a power law. The flow behavior as a function of temperature was satisfactorily described using the Arrhenius law and the activation energy values were extracted. It decreased from 15.68 and 17.21 kJ/mol when the concentration increased from 5 to 9% (w/v). Additionally, in dynamic rheological measurements, tan δ > 1 and G″ > G′ reveling a shear-thinning behavior. Finally, the analysis of the FTIR spectra of these polysaccharides showed the presence of uronic acid groups. This behavior would suggest that polysaccharides extracted from Cystoseira myriophylloides could be an interesting additive as thickeners.
Mobile data donations: Assessing self-report accuracy and sample biases with the iOS Screen Time function
Authors: Ohme Jakob , Araujo Theo , de Vreese Claes H. , Piotrowski Jessica Taylor
Published: October 2020

With digital communication increasingly shifting to mobile devices, communication research needs to explore ways to retrieve, process, and analyze digital trace data on people’s most personal devices. This study presents a new methodological approach, mobile data donations, in which smartphone usage data is collected unobtrusively with the help of mobile log data. The iOS Screen Time function is used as a test case for gathering log data with the help of screenshots. The study investigates the feasibility of the method, sample biases, and accuracy of smartphone usage self-reports on a general population sample of Dutch citizens ( n=404). Importantly, it explores how mobile data donations can be used as add-ons or substitutes for conventional media exposure measures. Results indicate that (a) users’ privacy concerns and technical skills are crucial factors for the willingness to donate mobile log data and (b) there is a strong tendency for underreporting of smartphone usage duration and frequency.
Acute sensorineural hearing loss as atypical presentation of typhoid fever in adult patient
Authors: Al Khodari Khaled , Baig Tehniyat , Alkhateeb Mohammad Husni , Naeem Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Salmonella Typhi is the main cause of an acute febrile, sometimes fatal, multisystemic illness called typhoid fever. The diverse presentations of this disease make it a diagnostic challenge in some patients. Involvement of the neurological system, including cochleovestibular system, is very rare with less than a handful of reported cases. This case report describes the condition of a previously healthy 23-year-old Pakistani man with acute onset of hearing loss associated with fever, headache, and disorientation. The most likely differential diagnoses were bacterial or viral meningoencephalitis, and other bacterial infections, such as Rickettsial and spirochetal diseases. Salmonella Typhi grew on blood culture; thus, treatment with intravenous antibiotics and systemic steroids was provided with excellent response. Hearing loss gradually improved and almost completely resolved within 3 to 4 weeks.
Postpartum left ovarian vein thrombosis
Authors: Tesfaye Sisay , Tariku Mequanent , Hirigo Agete Tadewos
Published: October 2020

Left ovarian vein thrombosis is a very rare and infrequent thrombotic condition that mainly occurs in the postpartum or postoperative period. We report a case of a 25-year-old para-1 woman who presented with 2 weeks of postpartum fever and dull aching abdominal pain more on the left side. Before operation, the diagnosis was left adnexal mass secondary to questionable ovarian cyst torsion and she underwent laparotomy. Her intraoperative findings revealed a firm left broad ligament mass with extension to retroperitoneum and it was difficult to demarcate the proximal end. Moreover, on the second day of postoperation, abdominal Doppler ultrasound indicated enlargement of the left ovarian vein that was filled with thrombi having hypoechoic and intermediate echogenicity. After the confirmation of left ovarian vein thrombosis, the case was treated with anticoagulants and broad-spectrum antibiotics and then well improved. Our case climaxes an instant diagnosis and therapeutic significance concerning ovarian vein thrombosis to early manage/avert complications. Besides, the ovarian vein thrombosis diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion for a case presented with fever and abdominal pain.
Hiccups: You got to be kidney me!
Authors: Nguyen Viva , Deeb Khaled , Rathakrishnan Ranga
Published: October 2020

Hiccups are usually benign processes that most people experience with spontaneous resolution. However, persistent hiccups with a duration greater than 48 h may prompt a thorough workup for structural, infectious, or inflammatory disorders. Moreover, toxic-metabolic states, including renal dysfunction and/or uremia, have also been identified as sources of hiccups. We present a 62-year-old male with persistent hiccups that developed acute, worsening renal function. Workup for a possible intrinsic renal disease process was negative. Ultimately, a kidney biopsy was performed, demonstrating acute tubular injury with oxalate crystals and interstitial fibrosis. Dialysis was initiated with resolution of the hiccups, and kidney function improved over an extended period of time.