bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political System Sustainability in the Re public of Kazakhstan (Index Analysis)
Authors: Gadzhiev Kh. A. , Semchenkov A. S.
Published: December 2021

The problem of the sustainability of the political system is one of the most pressing issues in Political Science. The wave of social and political upheavals that took place in the 21st century in various countries requires studying the factors that determine the ability of modern political systems to maintain their essential features in case of undesirable conditions. Today it is already obvious that the sustainability of the political system, mechanisms and principles of its functioning depends not only and, perhaps, not as much on the socio-economic sphere, the development of democratic institutions or the presence/absence of a destructive external influence, as it is often assumed. Rather, intra-systemic characteristics play a key role. The multidimensionality of the manifestation and the multifactorial nature of the formation of stable political systems not only determine the possibility of a huge number of definitions of sustainability, but also give rise to considerable difficulties in measuring it. The authors analyze the political system of Kazakhstan using the sustainability index that they developed earlier. The study shows that throughout most of the post-Soviet history of the country, the level of the sustainability of its political system was above average, and now Kazakhstan already surpasses Russia and Ukraine in this parameter and is approaching Belarus. Moreover, if the existing trends continue, the sustainability of the political system of Kazakhstan in the short term will only increase. According to the authors’ conclusion, this trend is hard to reverse unless there is a force majeure in the global economy or new military and political threats emerge, which the republic will not be able to tackle without resorting to the help of allies.
Heir and Bastard (Notes on the Social Genesis of Ressentiment)
Authors: Fishman L. G.
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on redefining the social genesis of ressentiment. The concept of ressentiment, widely used today in the form shaped by Friedrich Nietzsche and fine-grained by Max Scheler, turns out to be both overly and insufficiently connected to the social structure of the societies, for the analysis of which it is used. The reason is that although Nietzsche’s and Scheler’s ideas about ressentiment refer to the socio-structural aspects of its genesis, they do so in a contradictory and incorrect manner. Without noticing their own contradictions, both thinkers elevate genesis of ressentiment to the moral standards of the lower classes. Using the examples of younger heirs and bastards of the medieval aristocratic families, as well as the examples of other relatively privileged social groups, the author shows that one should rather seek the genesis of ressentiment within higher social strata. At the same time, the author shows that the moral feelings and behavioral strategies germane to ressentiment can be adopted and are adopted by representatives of other classes. In this form, it attracts attention in times when the oppressed classes obtain real opportunities to change their position, or, at the very least, they receive reasons to believe that they could achieve more if such an opportunity had been given to them.
Supreme Power: “Forgotten” Category in Political Science?
Authors: Kostogryzov P. I.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of supreme power, which, according to the author, is undeservedly neglec ted by the modern Political Science. Despite the high importance of this concept, its definition is lacking in dictionaries, as well as most textbooks and reviews. Legal Science and State Studies have known this concept at least since the 16th century. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, due to the works of such scientists as Boris Chicherin, Alexander Alekseev, Nikolay Korkunov, Georg Jellinek, Lev Tikhomirov, Petr Kazansky the academic consensus was formed that supreme power can be defined as legally unlimited, complete and unconditional power in the state. At the beginning of the 21st century, the interest in this category has revived, which resulted, in particular, in the previous concepts becoming relevant again. After having critically analyzed the existing ideas of the Russian researchers on this topic, the author comes to the conclusion that elaboration of the relevant theory of the supreme power that lives up to the modern level of knowledge, requires interdisciplinary approach and combined effort from lawyers, political scientists, historians, and sociologists. Having convincingly demonstrated that today this task is still far from being complete, he focuses on a number of key problems for the development of such a theory and outlines possible directions for finding their solution. According to his conclusion, the category “supreme power” has a significant heuristic potential, and its “return” to political, as well as constitutional and legal, science would enrich their methodological tools. In particular, its application to the analysis of political systems makes it possible to discern behind the facade of the constitutional separation of powers not only who governs (i.e., exercises this or that authority granted by the constitution), but also who rules i.e., has the right to make final decisions on key issues of political life.
Wasta as Social Capital and Legitimate Conservative Order
Authors: Grafov D. B.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the relationship between the traditional group relations (intrafamily, clan, etc.) in the Arab society, which provide access to the political rent, and the processes of socio-political modernization and the building of civil institutions. The Arab governments usually explain the inefficiency or “deviations” in the work of such institutions by national characteristics, adherence to the idea of nation-building, etc., but never by the desire to preserve power and assets of the traditional elites that are based on group loyalty. One of the most common ways of accessing power in order to acquire and redistribute tangible and intangible benefits in the Arab world is Wasta, or a system of connections, based on group loyalty and client-patronage relationships. Loyalty to one’s group that almost everyone belongs to by birth or due to certain life circumstances ensures the interests of the individual in the broadest sense. Wasta’s network and group ties, based on the principles that are at odds with those that the civil society is built upon, impede the development and modernization of social and political institutions. While researchers have studied Wasta relations as such rather structurally, both at the micro-level (from the social network point of view) and at the macro-level (from the institutional point of view), the attempts to build a holistic model that considers Wasta simultaneously from both viewpoints have not yet been crowned with success. The article proposes the conceptualization of Wasta as social capital, which makes it possible to represent this type of relationship as one actor’s “investment” and the other actor’s “loan”. One can also use this holistic model in the analysis of other informal ties inherent in other cultures but also based on group loyalty and client-patronage relationships and provide fertile soil for maintaining conservative order.
INTERPRETASI HADIS: ANTARA HERMENEUTIKA DAN SYARH AL-HADITS (STUDI KOMPARATIF)
Authors: Syarifudin Muhammad , Masruhan Masruhan
Published: December 2021

This article attempts to analyze the syarh al-hadith method of classical and contemporary scholars and the hermeneutic method of Islamic scholars in explaining (interpreting) the Prophet's hadith. Because most scholars who write about the interpretation of hadith with a hermeneutics approach, instead use references in classical hadith syarh. Therefore, the author wants to examine the relevance of hermeneutical methods or theories in the study of syarh al-hadith. Is hermeneutics appropriate to be applied as a single foundation in the interpretation of hadith or is it only a complement to the syarh al-hadith? This article concludes after trying to compare the interpretations of the hadith commanding to fight humans until they say there is no god but Allah using the two approaches or methods above, and it turns out that both can go hand in hand and complement each other. Moreover, the hermeneutics approach is more about the meaning of the context of the hadith at the beginning of its emergence to the present, which requires an understanding of the meaning of the hadith according to its originator at the time of the background of the hadith (asbab wurud) and the history of this can be known through the syarah hadith method, especially, syarah hadith with other narrations or through the words of friends who lived contemporaries with the Prophet (originator). Besides that, the study of the original language of the text is also used as a reference in this case, which is part of the syarah of hadith as well.
 
Artikel ini mencoba menganalisis metode syarah hadis ulama klasik dan kontemporer dan metode hermeneutika cendekiawan Islam dalam menjelaskan (menginterpretasi) hadis Nabi. Karena, kebanyakan cendekiawan yang menulis mengenai interpretasi hadis dengan pendekatan hermeneutika, justru menggunakan rujukan dalam syarah hadis klasik. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin meneliti relevansi metode atau teori hermeneutika dalam kajian syarh al-hadits. Apakah hermeneutika layak diterapkan sebagai pondasi tunggal dalam interpretasi hadis ataukah hanya menjadi pelengkap syarh al-hadits? Artikel ini mengambil kesimpulan setelah mencoba membandingkan penafsiran terhadap hadis perintah memerangi manusia sampai mereka mengucapkan tiada Tuhan selain Allah dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan atau metode di atas.  Ternyata keduanya bisa berjalan beriringan dan saling melengkapi. Terlebih pendekatan hermeneutika lebih kepada pemaknaan konteks hadis di awal munculnya ke masa kini, yang mana hal itu memerlukan pemahaman akan makna hadis menurut pencetusnya di masa lahirnya hadis (asbab wurud) tersebut dan histori mengenai hal ini dapat diketahui melalui metode syarah hadis. Terutama syarah hadis dengan riwayat lainnya atau melalui perkataan Sahabat yang hidup sezaman dengan Nabi (pencetus). Di samping itu kajian bahasa asli teks juga dijadikan rujukan dalam hal ini, yang merupakan bagian dari syarah hadis juga.
Membangun Teologi Alteritas Heteronom: Upaya Mengentaskan Sisa-Sisa Stigma Anti-Tionghoa di Indonesia
Authors: Apriano Alvian , Pakpahan Binsar Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This study aims to build a theological construction that can help erase anti-Chinese stigma in Indonesia post-1998, so religious people, especially Christians, become more sensitive about ethnic discrimination. The discrimination against ethnic Chinese in Indonesia has occurred for a long time, usually because of their capability to control the market and business. Their success in business impacts hatred and racism and turns into an anti-Chinese stigma. The research uses qualitative study on the philosophy of heteronomous alterity, and builds a theological framework on the theory of heteronomous alterity in positivistic philosophy. The theological framework will remove the anti-Chinese stigma in Indonesia. This study concludes that the theology of heteronomous alterity can help decrease anti-Chinese stigma by appreciating trinitarian relations and accepting the other as they are.Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun konstruksi teologi yang dapat membantu menghapus stigma anti-Tionghoa di Indonesia pasca 1998, sehingga umat beragama khususnya Kristen menjadi lebih peka mengenai diskrimasi etnis. Sudah sejak lama, masalah diskriminasi terhadap etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia terjadi, yang biasanya karena kelihaian mereka menguasai pasar dan bisnis. Hal ini berdampak pada kebencian yang bersifat rasialis dan menubuh ke dalam stigma anti-Tionghoa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kualitatif yang berbasis pada analisis filosofi alteritas heteronom. Teori alteritas heteronom dalam filsafat positivistik dijadikan sebagai kerangka berpikir teologis untuk melepas stigma anti-Tionghoa di Indonesia. Melalui kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa teologi alteritas heteronom dapat membantu menghapus stigma anti-Tionghoa melalui penghayatan relasi trinitarian dan penerimaan orang selain dirinya sebagaimana adanya.
Pemaknaan Ibadah Live Streaming Berdasarkan Fenomenologi Edmund Husserl
Authors: Tangirerung Johana Ruadjanna , Kristanto Kristanto
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This study aimed to find the meaning of worship, fellowship and liturgy experienced by the congregation during Sunday Worship live streaming during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used was descriptive qualitative phenomenological Edmund Husserl, which explains the meaning or meaning of a life experience of several people, groups of a concept, habit or phenomenon. This study found that the congregation was less able to experience the meaning of live streaming worship related to the meaning of fellowship, worship and liturgy during the Covid-19 pandemic, because they did not understand its essence. The true meaning of worship can be experienced when understanding worship as fellowship with the Triune God who transcends time and space.Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan makna ibadah, persekutuan dan liturgi yang dialami jemaat dalam Ibadah Minggu secara live streaming pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif fenomenologis Edmund Husserl, yang menjelaskan arti atau makna sebuah pengalaman hidup beberapa orang, kelompok atas sebuah konsep, kebiasaan atau fenomena. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa jemaat kurang dapat mengalami makna ibadah live streaming terkait makna persekutuan, ibadah maupun liturgi pada masa pandemi Covid-19, karena kurang memahami esensinya. Makna ibadah yang sesungguhnya dapat dirasakan apabila memahami ibadah sebagai persekutuan dengan Allah Tritunggal yang melampaui urang dan waktu.
Fractional Flow Reserve in Choosing the Tactics of Interventional Treatment of Multilevel Coronary Artery Lesions
Authors: Gavrylyshyn Andrii Yu. , Salo Sergii V. , Levchyshyna Olena V. , Logutov Andrii K. , Lazoryshynets Vasyl V.
Published: December 2021

When choosing tactics for the treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease, invasive coronary angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis and is a crucial method in choosing tactics and volume of revascularization. However, in the presence of borderline (>50-70%), multilevel lesions of the coronary artery, there is a need for additional assessment of the physiological significance of each stenosis.

The aim. To develop an algorithm to optimize the use of fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement in interventional treatment of borderline (>50-70%), multilevel lesions of coronary arteries, to show the safety of “functional revascula­ rization” in comparison with traditional angiography.

Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients who were treated at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery in the period from 2017 to 2021 (the vast majority were men – 25 patients (67%) and 7 (33%) women) aged 60.3±8.3 years who had >50-75% multilevel lesions of one of the main coronary arteries according to selective invasive coronary angiography. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) Angiographic group (n = 17, 53%), where the volume and tactics of revascularization were determined only by angiography (maximum complete anatomical revascularization); 2) Functional group (n=15, 47%) (combination of angiography data and FFR measurement, the so-called “functional revascularization”).

Conclusions. An effective and safe algorithm for measuring FFR in multilevel lesions (reducing the number of implanted stents) is shown.
THE LECTURER-STUDENT CONVERSATIONAL STRUCTURE IN PRAGMATICS LEARNING INTERACTION
Authors: Ningrum Diah Widya , Santoso Didik
Published: December 2021

This study aims to describe the structure of the lecturer-student conversation in the interaction of Pragmatics Class. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The technique of data collection is done by recording and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique is carried out by heuristic techniques. The results of the study show that the interaction of the lecturer and the students in Pragmatics Class have conversational structures: 1) turn taking of speech that occurs because of the opportunity to speak, 2) pauses (long and short) that occur due to the absence of feedback in the form of speech and speakers feel hesitant in conveying the message. 3) Overlaps that occur due to speech or the use of the same lingual element, 4) backchannels that occur because there is understanding and acceptance or approval of the speech, and 5) adjunct pairs that occur because of greetings, questions, and requests. This indicates that the process of the lecturer-students interaction runs well. The students feel enthusiastic for responding the lecturer’s questions.
TRANSLATORS AS MEDIATOR: CULTURAL NEGOTIATION IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH LITERARY TEXT INTO INDONESIAN
Authors: Ma'shumah Nadia Khumairo , Arum Aulia Addinillah , Syamsi Arif Nur
Published: December 2021

This study explores the translation of cultural-specific terms in the literary text as the translation process connects cultural differences between the source and target languages. Using Eco's notion of "translation as negotiation"; Bassnett's "translators as a mediator of cultures", and Newmark's cultural categorizations of terms as the framework and this qualitative study analyzed two Indonesian versions of the novel The Secret Garden by Francess Hodgson Burnett (1911). The first translated version was published in 2010 under the title "Taman Rahasia", whereas the second translated version was published in 2020 under the same title as the original version. This study has shown the complexity in closing the cultural gap between the source text and target text. As the impact, both translators used different forms of negotiation to accommodate readers' expectations and to functionally create optimal target texts in the target culture, which differentiate into five categories (i.e., ecological, material culture; social culture, social, politic, and administrative organizations; and gestures and habits).
FUNCTIONAL DELAYED ECHOLALIA: INSIGHTS FROM A MOVIE
Authors: Humaira Qonitah Nuri , Sudarwati Emy
Published: December 2021

This study focuses on the analysis of functional delayed echolalia towards an autistic individual in   Life, Animated documentary. The obtained data were derived from Owen Suskind's utterances and words in the aforementioned documentary, which the researchers manipulated and structured to fall into two categories of functional delayed echolalia. The study used qualitative descriptive method in analyzing the functional delayed echolalia of Owen Suskind using interactive and non-interactive functional categories of delayed echolalia theory proposed by Vicker (1999). The findings show that there are 8 (eight) out of 9 (nine) types of interactive delayed echolalia were discovered namely   Turn taking, Verbal, Completion,   Providing information, Labelling,   Protest,   Request,   Calling and Affirmation. Meanwhile, the non- interactive   delayed echolalia consists of three types namely   non-focused,   situation association, and   rehearsal.   The findings of this study are expected to give   a positive impact on both readers who are dealing with children with autism who have echolalia. It will provide information on their language development in order to later determine the ideal method to handle them with care.
SHE, ROBOT: MALE CHARACTERS’ MECHANISATION OF OPHELIA IN SHAKESPEARE’S HAMLET
Authors: Saeed Zanyar Faiq
Published: December 2021

This paper entitled “She, Robot: Male Characters’ Mechanisation of Ophelia in Shakespeare’s Hamlet” is an attempt to explain how Ophelia is deprived of her subjectivity and objectified into a machine-like being that cannot think, speak, and act independently. The agents of this mechanisation are three male characters, namely, Laertes, Polonius and Hamlet respectively. The paper traces the mechanisation process by expounding how each one of the male characters, thinking himself superior, commanding and abusing Ophelia until she turns into a broken machine. This may be considered as one of the major reasons behind her mental breakdown and, ultimately, her supposed suicide. The organisation of the text is based on the successive roles of each of the above-mentioned male characters in the process of turning Ophelia into a machine, i.e., a robotic character. The paper delineates the situation of renaissance women under a male-dominated society and highlights the danger of exerting too much pressure on people to a degree that may lead to untoward consequences.
Speech Error In “Get Real Giving Thanks With Sam Kim Ep #22 By Dive Studios” Video Podcast
Authors: Tampubolon Ruth Intan Angraeni , Lubis Syahron
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to describe the speech errors and to find out the causes of the speech errors that occurred in the video podcast Get Real Givingthanks with Sam Kim Ep 22. The researchers collected data using the documentation method and applied qualitative analysis. The data for this research were the utterances from video podcast Get Real Givingthanks with Sam Kim Ep 22. The source of the data was a video between the hosts, Ashley and BM, and the guest, Sam Kim, which was downloaded from the official DIVE Studios YouTube Channel with durations of 46 minutes. The data were described based on the theory of Common Speech Errors by Clark Clark (1977). According to the results, it was shown that Ashley made 9 types of errors totaling 47 errors, but BM made 8 types so he did not made errors in types of stutters totaling 80 errors, and Sam made 9 types totaling 106 errors. For the causes of the speech errors are due to internal and external factors such as nervousness, hesitation, haste, and lacking concentration. The total number of speech errors made by the speakers 233 mistakes. As a result of speech errors, 52 repetitions occurred because it happened the most and Sam did it the most. Filled pause occurred 46 mistakes, both Sam and BM produced the most errors. For Silent pause, 41 mistakes, and all speakers made the error. Interjections occurred 37 mistakes but Ashley made the fewest mistakes. False Starts (unretraceed) occurred 14 mistakes, not only BM did 4 mistakes but Ashley also did 4 mistakes. Corrections occurred 13 mistakes but BM only made 2 mistakes. For Stutters happened 13 mistakes, both Asley and Sam made the most mistakes but BM didn't exist. Slip of the tongue happened 11 mistakes and Ashley only made one mistake. False starts (retraced) occurred 6 mistakes and this is the least common type.
Antiokheia: Depremlerin Gölgesindeki Kent (6. yüzyıl)
Authors: BAKIR Mevlüde
Published: December 2021

M.Ö. 4. yüzyılda Makedonyalı I. Seleukos Nikator (vefat M.Ö. 281/280) tarafından kurulan Antiokheia kenti, tarihi boyunca depremler ağırlıklı olarak doğal afetlere maruz kalmıştır. Ancak, özellikle 6. yüzyılda açlık, veba, kuraklık ve yangın gibi doğal afetlerin yanı sıra, Pers akınlarıyla da savaşan kent art arda büyük tahribat görmüştür. Başkent Konstantinopolis’ten sonra, kentin Araplarca istilasına kadar imparatorluğun en önemli kentlerinden biri olan Antiokheia’nın kaderinin belirlenmesinde 6. yüzyılda yaşadığı felaketler etken olmuştur. 6. yüzyılda geçirdiği tam on iki deprem kentte toparlanmasının uzun zaman alacağı hasarlar bırakmıştır. Bir zamanlar Roma, Konstantinopolis ve İskenderiye’den sonra antik dünyanın dördüncü büyük kenti sayılan Antiokheia’yı, 526 ve 528 depremleri neredeyse yerle bir etmiştir. Yaşadığı depremlerle büyük bir azimle savaşan kentte, 525’te meydana gelen yangın, 540’ta Perslerin kenti işgal etmeleri, 542’deki veba salgını ve bunları takip eden felaketler zinciri maalesef çöküş sürecinin önüne geçememiştir. İmparatorluk idaresinin Antiokheia halkının yaşanılan doğal afetlerin ve özellikle depremlerin olumsuz etkilerinden bir an evvel kurtulması adına verdiği maddi ve manevi destekler kaynaklarda yankı bulmaktadır. İmparatorlarını yanlarında hissetmeleri kuşkusuz Antiokheialıların deprem ve diğer afetlerin olumsuz etkilerine direnç göstermelerini kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu direnç belki de kurulduğu günden beri kentte yaşamın kesintisiz olarak devam etmesini sağlayan en önemli etkenlerden biri olmuştur.

Depremler ağırlıklı olmak üzere doğal afetlere yönelik Bizans ana kaynaklarının verdiği bilgiler daha çok başkent odaklı olsa da devamlı yaşanılan depremler, Antiokheialı kroniker ve tarihçilerin dikkatini çekmiştir. Kimi zaman birebir yaşanılan deneyimler kimi zaman da yıllar sonra yazılan metinler, okuyucuya özellikle depremlerle ilgili kısıtlı, ama önemli veriler sunmaktadır.
Okul Müdürlerinin Değişim Eğilimleri ile Kişisel İnisiyatif Alma Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇOBANOĞLU Necati , DEMİR Selçuk
Published: December 2021

Eğitim örgütleri yüksek düzeyde sosyal etkileşim ve değişim ihtiyacının olduğu kurumlardır. Bu örgütlerinde değişim eğiliminde olan yöneticilerin, rol gereklerini yeniden tanımlamaları ve aktif olmaları söz konusudur. Dolayısıyla bu durum yöneticilerin, inisiyatif almalarını gerekli kılmaktadır. Ayrıca örgütsel etkililik üzerinde rolü bulunan inisiyatif almanın, eğitim yönetimi alanında çalışılması; okul yöneticilerinin, rol gereklerinin ötesindeki katkılarını ve çabalarını saptamak açısından önemli görülmektedir. Okul yöneticilerinin değişim eğilimleri ile kişisel inisiyatif almalarının, tek bir çalışmada ve okul yöneticilerinin görüşlerine başvurularak birlikte ele alınmasına; eğitim örgütlerinde, yönetim ve örgütsel davranış alanındaki bu eksikliğin doldurulması bakımından da ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu araştırmada; müdürlerin görüşlerine göre, kendilerindeki değişim eğilimleri ile kişisel inisiyatif alma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, korelasyonel model ile desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, 2021-2022 eğitim yılında Malatya’daki kamu okullarının yöneticilerinden toplanmıştır. Veriler, “Okul Müdürleri İçin Değişim Eğilimleri Ölçeği” ve “Okul Müdürlerinde Kişisel İnisiyatif Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin öncelikle aritmetik ortalamaları alınmış, sonra korelasyon analizi ve son olarak da regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, eğitim örgütlerinde yöneticilerin değişim eğilimleri ve kişisel inisiyatif alma düzeyleri “genellikle yüksek” bulunmuştur. Yöneticilerin değişim eğilimleri ile kişisel inisiyatif alma düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde, orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca yöneticilerin değişim eğilimlerinin yine kendi kişisel inisiyatif almalarını yordadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre, değişimin ortaya çıkması için gerekli olan yöneticilerin inisiyatif almalarının önündeki engellerin kaldırılması önerilmektedir.
27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesi Sonrası Milli Birlik Komitesi ve Propaganda Çalışmaları
Authors: ÇELİK Fatma
Published: December 2021

14 Mayıs 1950 genel seçimleri ile başlayan ve on yıl süren Demokrat Parti (DP) iktidarı, 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesi ile son bulmuştur. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde önemli bir kırılma noktası olan ilk askeri darbe sonrasında, cunta yönetimi kurulmuştur. Cunta yönetimi, yapılan darbenin haklılığını ispat edebilmek adına en güçlü silah olan propaganda araçlarına başvurmuştur. Bu doğrultuda propaganda, algı yönetimi olarak ekonomik, kültürel ve özellikle de siyasi alanda kullanılmıştır. Siyasal alanda oluşturulan algı operasyonu, DP’leri hedef almıştır. 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesi sonrasında DP’lileri yargılamak amacıyla 12 Haziran 1960 tarihinde Yüksek Adalet Divanı’nın kurulmasına karar verilmiştir. 14 Ekim 1960’da başlayan Yassıada duruşmalarında, 395 milletvekili ve 592 sanık yargılanmıştır. Yassıada Mahkemeleri’nde tutuklu bulunanlardan Dışişleri Bakanı Fatin Rüştü Zorlu ve Maliye Bakanı Hasan Polatkan 16 Eylül 1961 tarihinde, Başbakan Adnan Menderes ise, 17 Eylül 1961 tarihinde idam edilmiştir. Bu makale ile 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesi sonrası Milli Birlik Komitesi (MBK) idaresi ve eylemlerinin yanı sıra, DP aleyhinde yapılan siyasi propagandaların nasıl uygulanıldığını okuyucuya aktarmak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca makalede döneme kaynaklık eden gazete, dergi, broşür ve kitaplar ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda da Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri (TSK) içindeki bir grup askerin gerçekleştirdiği 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesi ve eylemlerini meşrulaştırma yöntemleri açıklanmıştır. Bu durum DP üyelerinin itibarsızlaştırılması ve DP’nin kapatılmasına neden olmuştur.
Üretim Süreçleri ve Atık Bakımından Ayakkabı Sektörünün Çevreye Etkisi ve Geri Dönüşüm Uygulamaları
Authors: IMRE Havva Meryem
Published: December 2021

Yeni endüstri çağında bir ürünün yaşam döngüsü çevresel bir sorun olarak ele alınmaktadır. Ayakkabı gibi farklı parçaların birleşmesi ile oluşan ürünlerin çevreye etkileri, kullanılan malzemelerin özelliklerine göre değişmektedir. Ayakkabının üretim aşamasında ve kullanımından sonra oluşan atığının bertaraf edilmesi ve üretim süreçlerinin iyileştirilmesi çalışmalarının hızlandırılması gerekmektedir. Ayakkabının yeniden kullanımı, geri dönüşüm faaliyetleri ile birlikte biyolojik parçalanabilen malzemelerin geliştirilmesi önem oluşturmaktadır. Yaşam döngüsünü tamamlamış olan ayakkabının atık olarak çevreye vereceği zararı üretim aşamasında kontrol edebilmek, sürdürülebilir malzemeler ve geri dönüşüm uygulamaları ayakkabı endüstrisi için önemli bir konudur.

Bu çalışmada ayakkabı üretimi sırasında ve kullanım sonrasında oluşan atık malzemelerinin özellikleri, çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkiler araştırılmış ve bilgiler bir araya getirilerek, geri dönüşüm çalışmalarından örnekler verilmiştir. Yöntem olarak literatür araştırması ve basılı kaynak taraması yapılarak ayakkabı üretim süreçlerinin, malzemelerinin ve atıkların iyileştirmesi konusunda çalışmalar ve örneklerden bazıları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ayakkabı endüstrisinin üretiminde kullanılan malzemelerin çevreye verdiği zarar, iyileştirme ve geri dönüşüm çalışmaları hakkında farkındalık yaratabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Uygarlık Tarihinde Hitit Uygarlığının ve Kadeş Antlaşmasının Yeri
Authors: AYDOĞAN Sevim
Published: December 2021

Özet

Hitit Uygarlığı, MÖ 1750-1190/1180 arasında Anadolu’ya hâkim olmuş ve büyük devlet statüsüne ulaşmış önemli bir uygarlıktır. Hitit Uygarlığı siyasi anlamda gücünü elde etmesi ve Anadolu’da etki sahasını arttırması ile ekonomik, sosyal, dini, diplomatik, hukuksal ve askeri alanlarda da etkisini ve farklılıklarını göstermiştir. Bu etki ve farklılıklar hem Anadolu’da Hititlerden sonra kurulan devletler için öncü olmuştur hem de Hitit Devleti’ni tarihte önemli bir konuma getirmiştir. Özellikle dönemin diğer büyük devleti olan Mısır Devleti ile yapılan Kadeş Savaşı hem askeri teknik ve stratejileri hem de yarattığı sonuçlar ile tarihte mühim bir yere sahiptir. Kadeş Savaşının önemli sonuçları arasında ise savaştan yıllar sonra iki büyük güç arasındaki gerginliği ve rekabeti bitiren aynı zamanda da tarihte iki büyük devlet arasında yapılan ilk antlaşma olarak bilinen kimilerine göre Kadeş Antlaşması kimilerine göre Hitit-Mısır Ebedi Barış Antlaşması olarak nitelendirilen önemli bir antlaşma vardır. Bu barış antlaşması iki büyük güç arasında var olan rekabeti bitirip yerine sonsuz barış, kardeşlik ve saldırmazlığı yaratması açısından hem uluslararası ilişkiler hem de uygarlık tarihi açısından oldukça önemlidir.
TYPOLOGY OF APPROACHES TO THE ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATION OF LUNAR SETTLEMENTS
Authors: VOROBIOV V. V. , SHYLO O.S.
Published: December 2021

Problem statement. Humanity is inching closer to the technical possibility of establishing outer space settlements on the Moon. The space club nations have joined their potential or move ahead with their own space exploration efforts to work on outer space projects of Lunar habitats. The new Moon Race has begun with its first stage of architectural design played out on Earth. The Internet resources and research publications in printed journals suggest different approaches to lunar settlement designs, which can be explained by extreme surface conditions and configurations of the Moon, as well as various goals and objectives set by the states seeking to gain a foothold on our nearest neighbor in space. In cooperation with other nations, Ukraine participates in the exploration of the Moon. However, the global expert comunity has not yet come up with clear and unambiguous concepts of the typology of the organizational architecture for lunar settlements. The goal of this paper is to give insight into the typology of objective timeless approaches to the architectural organization of lunar settlements. Conclusions. Colonisation of other planets, as an immediate objective of the humankind, will begin with the exploration of the Moon, where various adaptation methods could be developed relevant to the conditions of other worlds. Nevetherless, there are some common objective factors affecting the settlements of pioneers from Earth. Thus, the need for identifying and systematising an objective typology of approaches to the architectural organization of lunar settlements as a condition for the subsequent colonisation of more distant planets has become important.
RECOVERY OF SEWER PIPELINES USING ANCHOR POLYETHYLENE SHEETS
Authors: HONCHARENKO D.F. , KARIEV A.I. , DANCHENKO Yu.M. , DEHTIAR Ye.H.
Published: December 2021

Raising of problem. Microbiological corrosion, which occurs as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms in wastewater, causes the destruction of the vaulted part and significantly reduces the service life of reinforced concrete and concrete drainage pipelines. Partially destroyed pipelines of sewerage networks, operating in various hydrogeological conditions, often at great depths, must be restored using materials that can ensure the reliability of further operation in conditions of microbiological corrosion, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. These are primarily polymer-based materials. The open method of repair and restoration work on sewer pipelines has significant advantages over trenchless, if their depth is insignificant and urban transport and pedestrian arteries do not interfere with the work. Thus, the development of a technology for repair and restoration of reinforced concrete and concrete collectors destroyed by microbiological corrosion using modern materials based on polymers is an urgent task. Purpose. Development of technology and sequence of repair and restoration work for the restoration of the destroyed vaulted part of sewer reinforced concrete and concrete pipelines by an open method using pneumatic formwork and protective anchor polyethylene sheets. Conclusion. As a result of the research, a technology and sequence of repair and restoration work was developed to restore sewer reinforced concrete and concrete collectors from 5 stages, including the stage of cleaning the collector from corrosion products and destroyed parts, installation of a pneumatic formwork and an anchor polyethylene sheet in the surviving chute part of the collector, installation of metal inventory formwork, restoration by concreting the arch on top of the anchor polyethylene sheet and dismantling of the pneumatic and metal inventory formwork.
STRENGTH OF CONCRETE UNDER LOCAL COMPRESSION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ELEMENT HEIGHT TO THE SIZE OF THE LOADING AREA
Authors: KUZNIETSOVA I.H. , DOVZHENKO O.О. , POHRIBNYI V.V.
Published: December 2021

Formulation of the problem. Reliability of buildings and structures from reinforced concrete largely depends on efficiency of construction solutions of supporting areas and joins of elements of bearing systems. At the same time, an important place is given to the issues of ensuring their bearing capacity. One of the ways to solve this problem is to increase the strength characteristics of concrete, in particular by using basalt fiber. The purpose of the article is to improve the method of calculating the strength of concrete elements under the local compression on a general theoretical basis and to clarify the impact on the strength of determining factors. Conclusion. To calculate the strength of concrete elements under the local compression, the theory of concrete plasticity is promising. The application of the variational method and the principle of virtual velocities is proposed. According to research, the strength of concrete, in addition to the ratio of the area of application of the load and the cross-sectional area, is affected by the ratio of the height of the element to the width of the stamp and both characteristics of concrete strength. The proposed kinematic failure schemes have found experimental confirmation. Analysis of test results of concrete elements and assessment of their strength on the basis of the theory of plasticity allowed making the program of experimental research of fibroconcrete on basalt fibers under local compression.
STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
Authors: MORGACHOVA V.I.
Published: December 2021

In the course of work it was demonstrated that occupational risk is considered to be the probability of harm to health as a result of exposure to harmful and / or dangerous production factors during the labor process. A prerequisite for occupational safety in production activities is knowledge and assessment of the activities of sources of danger, risk assessment tools, the degree of impact of hazards on people and taking the necessary measures. Risk management is carried out in the performance of each production operation performed by employees of the enterprise, and is aimed at eliminating or reducing unacceptable risks through the implementation of appropriate protective measures. Without the analysis and management of occupational risks, it is impossible to create safe conditions, as well as reduce injuries and reduce occupational diseases. One of the main methods of occupational risk analysis that gives the best results is the method of analysis of causation using a dynamic model. In order to identify hazards, assess risks and implement protective measures that can ensure the acceptable level of risks of future work, it is necessary to consider the production task and visit the work site. Work is allowed if there are no additional hazards and protective measures of the Risk Assessment Map are actually implemented. It is forbidden to perform the work when identifying additional hazards that require reducing the risks of additional resources and the decision of management. It is strictly forbidden to perform the work until the rapid reduction of the level of risk to an acceptable level begins − with the identification of additional hazards that require the development and implementation of protective measures at the expense of personal resources.
HUSTYNSKYI LITOPYS: A DOCUMENTARY MONUMENT OF UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL THOUGHT OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: SAVCHENKO S.V. , PROKOFIEVA K.A. , RESHETILOVA O.M.
Published: December 2021

Ukrainian historical thought of the seventeenth century is an interesting intellectual phenomenon, the genesis and social and cultural functioning of which took place against the background of political, geopolitical and interfaith confrontation in Eastern Europe. In Ukrainian historiography, this period of cultural and intellectual development was called “the first Ukrainian national and cultural revival”. Its characteristic feature was the growing interest of society in historical memory, in particular, in the memory of the Ancient Rus era as the origins of Rus-Ukraine, which is trying to find its place among other peoples of Europe. The question of reflecting the ancient n era in the historical thought of Ukraine in the late sixteenth − seventeenth centuries. in historiography it is elaborated in fragments, within the framework of side plots, at best, at the level of coverage of the views of individual authors (Feodosii Sofonovych, Inokentii Hizel, author of the Ukrainian Chronograph, some Polish writers, etc.). Among the monuments of historical thought of this tame period, the “Hustynskyi Litopys” attracts attention, the authorship of which is still the subject of discussion. The problem of authorship of the monument is quite old, but this issue has not been finally resolved. There is an assumption that y 20s of the seventeenth century. Zacharii Kopystenskyi worked on the chronicle. The list of Mykhailo Losytskyi, the hieromonk of the Hustyn monastery, made in 1670, is considered to be the final edition of the monument. This editing preserves the conceptual identity and consistency of presentation. The chronicle, despite its conceptual dependence on Polish literature, is based on its own concept, within substantiates the peculiarities of Rus' historical path among neighboring peoples, and explains the genesis of the Cossack factor, which became decisive in Eastern European politics of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Ukrainian historical thought in the form of a chronicle of the 16−17th century needs further meticulous research.
RESEARCH OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT PROFESSIONAL EXPECTATIONS OF FUTURE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: TYMOSHENKO O.A. , SKRIABINA K.V.
Published: December 2021

Problem statement. Freelance teachers are often faced with the fact that students who study in a particular specialty for four or six years, after graduation go to work in another specialty or master another profession. This situation, or rather the problem of so-called "staff turnover", is especially characteristic of technical specialties. And it does not matter whether the student is studying under a contract, whether he occupies a state budget place, whether the student is successful in his studies, or belongs to those who are constantly absent from class and have academic debts. In our opinion, the study of the causes of such issues, which is characteristic of the Free Economic Zone in Ukraine, is an important and insufficiently studied task from a theoretical and practical point of view. A large amount of scientific psychological and pedagogical research is devoted to the study of motives for choosing a specialty and future profession, the topic of motivation of modern youth in general, the study of professional interests of high school students, experimental research on career guidance. But there is very little theoretical and practical work aimed at studying the reasons for choosing a profession that does not correspond to the educational specialty. Purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of studying the professional expectations of students, as well as to investigate the psychological characteristics of young people as a subject of study and the factors influencing young people's choice of specialty and future profession in the process of their education in Institutions of higher education (IHE). Conclusions. Analyzed: psychological features of students as subjects of study; the meaningful nature of students' choice of their professional path; factors influencing young people's choice of specialty and future profession; psychological features of successful mastering of knowledge during training in IHE; psychological components of the student's cognitive activity - motives, interest, attention, memory, volitional and emotional processes; problems of professional career realization as an element of self-realization and human self-development; components of emotional and evaluative attitude of students to the future profession; functions that fulfill professional expectations in the life of the individual; signs of the content of professional expectations.
КІНЕТОСТАТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ШАРНІРНИХ ПРОСТОРОВИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ГАЛТУВАЛЬНИХ МАШИН (ЧАСТИНА 2: ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ МАШИНИ З ДВОМА РОБОЧИМИ ЄМКОСТЯМИ, ЩО З’ЄДНАНІ ПОСТУПАЛЬНОЮ КІНЕМАТИЧНОЮ ПАРОЮ)
Authors: ZALIUBOVSKYI MARK , SKIDAN VLADYSLAVA
Published: December 2021

Goal. Kinetostatic study of a statically defined hinged spatial mechanism without excessive (passive) connection of the shredding machine with two working tanks connected by a translational kinematic pair. Method. Radial and axial components of reactions in all rotating and translational kinematic pairs of the hinged statically defined spatial mechanism of the machine for processing of details with two working capacities connected among themselves by translational kinematic pair at its work at idling were determined on the basis of kinetostatic research. The study was performed using the computer-aided design system SolidWorks-2016 computer-aided design system, which performed a 3D model of a shredding machine with two working tanks connected by a translational kinematic pair. Results. 3D modeling of a shredding machine with two working tanks connected by translational kinematic pair in the computer-aided design system SolidWorks-2016 computer-aided design system is performed, maximum values of radial and axial components of reactions in all rotating and translational kinematic pairs of machine are determined, and the influence of total two working tanks for the increase of the maximum values of reactions in the kinematic pairs of the spatial mechanism of the machine. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the relationship between the total wheelbase of two working tanks and the change in the maximum values of reactions (axial and radial) in all rotating and translational kinematic pairs of the shredding machine was established. The allowable range of variation of the total wheelbase of two working tanks is determined, which creates conditions for long-term operation of the machine. Practical significance. It is established that the change of maximum values of radial and axial components of reactions in all rotating and translational kinematic pairs of the spatial mechanism of the galvanizing machine depends on the total axial distance of two working capacities of the machine. The obtained research results can be useful in the design of shredding equipment with complex spatial movement of working tanks.