bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The detection of gastrointestinal parasites in owned and shelter dogs in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Urgel Marysia Frances M. , Ybañez Rochelle Haidee D. , Ybañez Adrian P.
Published: March 2019

Background: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites affect the health of dogs and may also be zoonotic. The prevalence of these parasites has been well studied in several countries, but reports in the Philippines have been limited.

Aim: This study generally aimed to detect the presence of common GIT parasites in owned and shelter dogs in Cebu, Philippines.

Materials and Methods: A total of 200 fecal samples (130 from owned dogs and 70 from shelter dogs) were collected. Profiles of owned dogs and their owners were obtained. Fecalysis was performed using three methods: Direct smear, sedimentation, and flotation techniques.

Results: Majority of the sampled dogs were 5 years old and below that (79.2%), male (64.6%) and of pure breed (53.1%). Among the most common parasites detected were Ancylostoma, Trichuris and Toxocara spp. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association between the presence of parasites and the body score of the dogs (p=0.000), the deworming status (p=0.000), and the rearing practice (contact with other dogs, p=0.000, where it spends its time (p=0.000), plays in the grass (p=0.050), where it defecates (p=0.014), contact with other animals (p=0.000).

Conclusion: GIT parasites were detected in owned and shelter dogs in Cebu, Philippines. The results of this study can serve as baseline information about the canine parasitic fauna in the Philippines.
Hebraica sunt, non leguntur: Some Emendations to Philo by the Late Yehoshua Amir
Authors: Glucker John
Published: March 2019

In a Hebrew translation of some Philonian works, Israeli scholar Yehoshua Amir (formerly Hermann Neumark, 1911–2002) offered a number of emendations, explaining some of them in extensive footnotes. To make some of his suggestions more widely available, I translate here three of his more important notes explaining his emendations, and discuss them with further evidence. They deal with emendations to Migr. 9, Heres 52 f., and Heres 313 f.
Bounded M-O Extended Exponential Distribution with Applications
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Dey Sanku , Kumar Devendra
Published: March 2019

In this paper a new probability density function with bounded domain is presented. This distribution arises from the Marshall–Olkin extended exponential distribution proposed by Marshall and Olkin (1997). It depends on two parameters and can be considered as an alternative to the classical beta and Kumaraswamy distributions. It presents the advantage of not including any additional parameter(s) or special function in its formulation. The new transformed model, called the unit-Marshall–Olkin extended exponential (UMOEE) distribution which exhibits decreasing, increasing and then bathtub shaped density while the hazard rate has increasing and bathtub shaped. Various properties of the distribution (including quantiles, ordinary moments, incomplete moments, conditional moments, moment generating function, conditional moment generating function, hazard rate function, mean residual lifetime, Rényi and δ-entropies, stress-strength reliability, order statistics and distributions of sums, difference, products and ratios) are derived. The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the model parameters. A simulation study is carried out to examine the bias, mean squared error and 95  asymptotic confidence intervals of the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters. Finally, the potentiality of the model is studied using two real data sets. Further, a bivariate extension based on copula concept of the proposed model are developed and some properties of the distribution are derived. The paper is motivated by two applications to real data sets and we hope that this model will be able to attract wider applicability in survival and reliability.
Long non-coding RNA CHRF promotes proliferation and mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate cancer cell line PC3 requiring up-regulating microRNA-10b
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wang Lin , Li Yongwei , Cui Yuanshan , Wang Yongqiang , Liu Chu
Published: March 2019

Despite the advance of diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer, the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer is poor. We aimed to explore the functional role of long non-coding RNA cardiac hypertrophy-related factor (lncRNA CHRF) in prostate cancer cells (PC3) as well as the molecular mechanisms. LncRNA CHRF silence repressed cell number (%), down-regulated expression of cyclinD1, CDK4 and CDK6, and promoted apoptosis along with activation of the casapse-3 and caspase-9. LncRNA CHRF promoted mesenchymal transition (EMT), showing down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin and ZEB1. Afterwards, we found miR-10b expression was positively correlated with lncRNA CHRF expression, and miR-10b inhibition could reverse the effects of lncRNA CHRF on PC3 and LNCaP cell proliferation and EMT. Finally, lncRNA CHRF was found to activate the GSK3β/AKT and NF-κB pathways via up-regulation of miR-10b. LncRNA CHRF silence repressed proliferation and EMT while promoted apoptosis in PC3 cells via positive regulation of miR-10b. The GSK3β/AKT and NF-κB pathways were activated by lncRNA CHRF, possibly through up-regulation of miR-10b.
Oxidative Stress Parameters and Its Associations With Arterial Stiffness in Competitive Powerlifting Athletes After 12-Week Supervised Strength Training
Authors: Jürgenson Janno , Serg Martin , Kampus Priit , Kals Jaak , Zagura Maksim , Viru Mehis , Zilmer Kersti , Zilmer Mihkel , Eha Jaan , Unt Eve
Published: March 2019

Jürgenson, J, Serg, M, Kampus, P, Kals, J, Zagura, M, Viru, M, Zilmer, K, Zilmer, M, Eha, J, and Unt, E. Oxidative stress parameters and its associations with arterial stiffness in competitive powerlifting athletes after 12-week supervised strength training. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1816–1822, 2019—Available studies have not revealed a clear understanding of the impact of intensive strength training on arterial stiffness and oxidative stress (OxS) parameters, which may have a significant impact on further cardiovascular health of an athlete. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 12-week supervised strength training program (SSTP) on oxidative stress indices and its relationship with arterial stiffness in powerlifting athletes. A total of 19 men (28 ± 6 years) exercised for 12 weeks (4 days per week with intensity 60–90% assessed from 1 repetition maximum, 90–120 minutes per session). Oxidative stress parameters and arterial stiffness (SphygmoCor 7.1) were measured before and after SSTP. The study results showed that total peroxide concentration increased and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly after SSTP. There were no significant changes in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) or in the augmentation index. Correlation analysis revealed that the magnitude of the increase of cfPWV was significantly related to the increase of OxS. The current study demonstrated that a 12-week SSTP in powerlifting athletes produced significant changes in OxS indices, which were positively related to increased aortic stiffness. This novel finding may have significant implications about the effect of OxS on cardiovascular health after high-intensity strength training. Furthermore, strength and conditioningcoaches may have to consider the long-term exercise-induced changes in OxS on an individual level, where increased OxS leads to impaired arterial stiffness and cardiovascular health.
Investigation on the Potential Use of Recycled Fine Aggregate to Produce Geopolymer Mortar Mix
Authors: Saha Suman , Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran
Published: March 2019

The utilization of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) partially or fully for various purposes in construction industries is one of the most significant solutions to overcome the scarcity of raw materials and disturbances of the environmental system. On the other hand, geopolymer is being tried to be established as an alternative sustainable binder material for ordinary portland cement. In the present study, with the thought of promoting of sustainability, an attempt has been made to use concrete wastes as recycled fine aggregate (RFA) partially to produce fly ash (FA)–based geopolymer mortar. The workability, water absorption, compressive strength at 3, 7, 28, and 56 days, volume change behavior, and chloride permeability of the produced FA–based geopolymer mortar were determined. The effects of RFA, the ratio of alkali liquid (AL) to FA, and different curing regimes on these properties of mortar mix also discussed. The morphology and microstructures of the samples taken from the mortar mix, which were observed having the highest strength under different curing regimes, were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicate lower workability, higher water absorption capacity, and higher drying shrinkage of geopolymer mortar mix that has more RFA content in the mix, but the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar mix started decreasing after a certain percentage of RFA content in the mix. Utilization of that certain percentage of RFA will help us to minimize the consumption of natural fine aggregates and reduce the disturbances generated by unorganized dumping of C&DW.
Improving Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks through Virtual-Backbone–Based Topology Control Mechanism
Authors: Sivakumar V. , Janakiraman Subbiah , Chandraprabha K.
Published: March 2019

This article presents a design of a virtual-backbone–based topology control scheme that builds the virtual backbone with the help of localized information. Initially, the dominating set is constructed using spanning tree application. The resultant dominating set spanning tree is further optimized to remove dominant act nodes because, originally, they are the regular nodes, and it forms a small-sized backbone with selected sufficient energy capacity nodes. Then the 3-hop message forward algorithm is used to identify the relay nodes. The roles of the relay nodes are to make the dominating set as a connected dominating set (CDS). Finally, a minimal CDS is formed by a heuristic approach to remove redundant sensors from the CDS.
Elevated Swelling-Activated Chloride Current Densities in Hypertrophied Ventricular Myocytes in a Rabbit Heart Failure Model
Authors: Shi Hongwei , Jiang Zhenming , Wang Teng , Chen Yongting , Cao Feng
Published: March 2019

Background: The status of the swelling-activated chloride channel (ICl, swell) during heart failure remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the ICl, swell activity is altered during heart failure and to determine how the ICl, swell influences atrial arrhythmias of the failing heart.
Methods: We established a heart failure rabbit model and analyzed the hemodynamic indicators 8 weeks after myocardial infarction, which include left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVDEP). Five untreated rabbits and 5 receiving a sham operation served as the control group. Left auricular appendage tissues were obtained and CLCN3 mRNA/CLCN3 protein expression levels were examined by using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.
Results: Compared to the control group, the heart failure group showed a significantly decreased LVSP (14.2 ± 0.27 versus 16.9 ± 0.86 kPa, P <.05)and elevated LVDEP (2.49 ± 0.30 versus 0.15 ± 0.03 kPa, P <.05), indicating that myocardial infarction leads to progressive heart failure of rabbits in the heart failure group. CLCN3 mRNA and CLCN3 protein expression were both significantly elevated in the heart failure group compared to the control group (P <.05).
Conclusion: In sum, we propose that the dynamic nature of ICl, swell upregulation may contribute to the elevated expression of CLCN3 mRNA and CLCN3 protein, resulting in myocardial cell remodeling induced by heart failure. However, further study is needed to investigate the potential functions of ICl, swell, especially the relation between ICl, swell augmentation and arrhythmia after heart failure.
Identidad y naturaleza de la asignatura de Religión en las enseñanzas obligatorias del sistema educativo español del siglo XXI
Authors: González Martín Rafael
Published: March 2019

La religión ha sido desde décadas un elemento esencial en la enseñanza y en la formación de los distintos sistemas educativos españoles y de países europeos, pues ha sido considerada como un pilar básico en el bagaje cultural y social de cada país, como un instrumento de vital importancia en la transmisión de valores. Por ese motivo, no debemos dejar de ser conscientes del papel tan relevante que la religión ocupa en la sociedad, ya que esta marca y orienta los modelos y las formas de vida de la mayoría de los ciudadanos.
TheNeurospora crassaStandard Oak Ridge Background Exhibits Atypically Efficient Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA
Authors: Giri Dev Ashish , Pankajam Ajith V , Nishant Koodali T , Kasbekar Durgadas P
Published: March 2019

Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD), an RNAi-mediated gene silencing process, is efficient in crosses made in the Neurospora crassa standard Oak Ridge (OR) genetic background. However, MSUD was decidedly less efficient when the OR-derived MSUD testers were crossed with many wild-isolated strains (W), suggesting that either sequence heterozygosity in tester x W crosses suppresses MSUD, or that OR represents the MSUD-conducive extreme in the range of genetic variation in MSUD efficiency. Our results support the latter model. MSUD was less efficient in near-isogenic crosses made in the novel N. crassa B/S1 genetic background, and in N. tetrasperma strain 85. Possibly, in B/S1 and 85, additional regulatory cues, absent from OR, calibrate the MSUD response. A locus in distal chromosome 1R appears to underlie the OR vs. B/S1 difference. Repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) destroys duplicated genes by G:C to A:T mutation of duplicated DNA sequences. Chromosome segment duplications (Dps) dominantly suppress RIP, possibly by titrating out the RIP machinery. In Dp x N crosses, the Dp–borne genes cannot pair properly, hence efficient MSUD, as in OR, silences them and renders the crosses barren. We speculate that the increased productivity engendered by inefficient MSUD enables small duplications to escape RIP.
Depletion of Limiting rDNA Structural Complexes Triggers Chromosomal Instability and Replicative Aging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Fine Ryan D , Maqani Nazif , Li Mingguang , Franck Elizabeth , Smith Jeffrey S
Published: March 2019

Sir2 is a highly conserved NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase that functions in heterochromatin formation and promotes replicative life span (RLS) in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Within the yeast rDNA locus, Sir2 is required for efficient cohesin recruitment and maintaining the stability of the tandem array. In addition to the previously reported depletion of Sir2 in replicatively aged cells, we discovered that subunits of the Sir2-containing complexes silent information regulator (SIR) and regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase (RENT) were depleted. Several other rDNA structural protein complexes also exhibited age-related depletion, most notably the cohesin complex. We hypothesized that mitotic chromosome instability (CIN) due to cohesin depletion could be a driver of replicative aging. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays of the residual cohesin (Mcd1-Myc) in moderately aged cells showed strong depletion from the rDNA and initial redistribution to the point centromeres, which was then lost in older cells. Despite the shift in cohesin distribution, sister chromatid cohesion was partially attenuated in aged cells and the frequency of chromosome loss was increased. This age-induced CIN was exacerbated in strains lacking Sir2 and its paralog, Hst1, but suppressed in strains that stabilize the rDNA array due to deletion of FOB1 or through caloric restriction. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MCD1 from a doxycycline-inducible promoter was sufficient to suppress rDNA instability in aged cells and to extend RLS. Taken together, we conclude that age-induced depletion of cohesin and multiple other nucleolar chromatin factors destabilize the rDNA locus, which then results in general CIN and aneuploidy that shortens RLS.
Expressions of Gratitude and Medical Team Performance
Authors: Riskin Arieh , Bamberger Peter , Erez Amir , Riskin-Guez Kinneret , Riskin Yarden , Sela Rina , Foulk Trevor , Cooper Binyamin , Ziv Amitai , Pessach-Gelblum Liat , Bamberger Ellen
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Exposure to negative social interactions (such as rudeness) has robust adverse implications on medical team performance. However, little is known regarding the effects of positive social interactions. We hypothesized that expressions of gratitude, a prototype of positive social interaction, would enhance medical teams’ effectiveness. Our objective was to study the performance of NICU teams after exposure to expressions of gratitude from alternative sources.

METHODS:

Forty-three NICU teams (comprising 2 physicians and 2 nurses) participated in training workshops of acute care simulations. Teams were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (1) maternal gratitude (in which the mother of a preterm infant expressed gratitude to NICU teams, such as the one that treated her child), (2) expert gratitude (in which a physician expert expressed gratitude to teams for participating in the training), (3) combined maternal and expert gratitude, or (4) control (same agents communicated neutral statements). The simulations were evaluated (5-point Likert scale: 1 = failed and 5 = excellent) by independent judges (blind to team exposure) using structured questionnaires.

RESULTS:

Maternal gratitude positively affected teams’ performances (3.9 ± 0.9 vs 3.6 ± 1.0; P = .04), with most of this effect explained by the positive impact of gratitude on team information sharing (4.3 ± 0.8 vs 4.0 ± 0.8; P = .03). Forty percent of the variance in team information sharing was explained by maternal gratitude. Information sharing predicted team performance outcomes, explaining 33% of the variance in diagnostic performance and 41% of the variance in therapeutic performance.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patient-expressed gratitude significantly enhances medical team performance, with much of this effect explained by enhanced information sharing.
The Role of Drug-coated Balloons in Infrapopliteal Intervention
Authors: Ansel Gary M , Schneider Peter A
Published: March 2019

The goal of infrapopliteal endovascular therapy is the re-establishment of straight-line flow to the foot with adequate perfusion of tissue. This treatment should be the first method in properly selected patients to relieve ischemic rest pain, heal ulcers and prevent limb loss, improving quality of life. Percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) continues to be the cornerstone of infrapopliteal therapy. Metal stents are reserved for suboptimal PTA. Although data are accumulating that may eventually guide the use of alternative devices such as lasers, excisional, and rotational atherectomy, drug-eluting stents or drug-coated balloons, we currently lack adequate evidence demonstrating improved outcomes. Endovascular therapy has expanded to include patients with severe co-morbidities such as renal failure and complex occlusive disease. Despite advances in below-the-knee (BTK) angioplasty balloons and a focus on angioplasty technique, current PTA results demonstrate one-year restenosis rates up to 80 %, depending on lesion complexity. Drug-coated balloons have demonstrated superior patency in the superficial femoral artery and it is yet to be determined if this technology can achieve improved patency and the clinical outcomes in the infrapopliteal region.
Implantable Cardiac Devices in the Treatment of Arrhythmias and Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Samii Soraya M , Banchs Javier E
Published: March 2019

The concept of using an implantable device to manage arrhythmias and heart failure started over 50 years ago. Since then, we have seen these devices improve patient outcomes from bradyarrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure. These devices are now standard of care in the management of patients and include pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) or combination devices. The future may hold expansion of the indications for these devices, with careful examination of the outcomes of today's patients. In addition, there is very exciting new technology that may further advance the management of arrhythmias and heart failure.
Radiation situation in typical mining-processing agglomerations of the Dnepropetrovsk region
Authors: Shugurov O. O. , Knyazyuk A. V.
Published: March 2019

The existing agglomeration of mining and processing enterprises in the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine can significantly influence on the radiation situation in the nearest small working cities. The purpose of the work was to determine the level of radiation pollution in the territory of the city Pokrov of the Dnipropetrovsk region, originating from mining waste rock at local enterprises. In the work we used profile reconnaissance. Radiation background measurements were made at equal distances along straight lines. The working measurement step corresponded to an average value of 300 m. During the research, 259 measurements in the γ-range were made. Studies covered a total area of about 25 km2 (an average of 16 measurements per 1 km). For the accurately adjust the measurement location and then transfer the results to the map, a GPS tracker was used. It was revealed that the greatest radiation contamination in the investigated area was recorded on the territory of Tokovsky spillway, where flooded quarries for the extraction of red granites (50 µR/h and above) are located. The territories of all working quarries exhibit an increased radiation background (17–21 µR/h), with maximum values (30–35 μR/h) on their lower horizons. This increase is due to small outcrops of granite in some formations, as well as places for direct mining of manganese ore. A slight increase in the background relative to residential areas (from 13 to 20 µR/h) was noted at the ore-dressing and slurry storages, but still it remains at an acceptable level, which does not affect the city's population working here. The radiation background in the area of city Pokrov and adjacent villages, reclaimed lands and agricultural fields has a low level (5–7 µR/h). A number of city points (roads and a bridge across the Bazavluk River, monuments) showed pollution at a level of 10–15 µR/h. This is due to the use of local natural materials in their construction. Thus, the overall radiation situation in the city of Pokrov and the agglomeration of ore mining and processing enterprises at the present time can be assessed as satisfactory by modern criteria.
Features of herpetofauna dynamics in the Nature Reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky» under conditions of climate change
Authors: Gasso V. Ya. , Yermolenko S. V. , Kochet V. M. , Hagut A. M. , Pakhomov O. Ye.
Published: March 2019

The Nature Reserve «Dniprovsky-Orilsky» occupies unique ecosystems of the floodplain of the middle part of the Dnieper River, where the medium-flooded forests (black poplar and willow forests, elm-Tatarian maple oakeries, and pine forests at the sandy second terrace) predominate. Marshy, wet and dry meadows, sandy steppes, salt marshes, floodplain lakes and isles support the diversity of habitats. Reptiles, like ectothermic organisms, are known to be sensitive to temperature and humidity, which are directly influenced by climate change. Due to the variety of species and their habitats’ conditions, it is important to study the possible effects of climate change on each species and each place of their residence separately. Studies in more or less natural conditions of the Reserve allow minimizing the impact of the anthropogenic factors on the number and diversity of species. To produce accurate inventories we use the method of linear transects created at survey sites modified by Dinesman and Kaletskaya (1952) with a width of transects up to 3 meters. The length of the survey route depended on the availability for an accountant, but was not less than 1.0 km in all cases. The surveys were conducted during the period of maximum daily activity of reptiles in the spring-summer period on specified routes. The density of reptiles was described as the number of individuals per hectare of an averaged ecosystem. In aquatic and wetland ecosystems, the population density of European pond turtle and dice snake were determined as a number of specimens per 1 km of the waterbody’s bankline. During almost 30 years of observation, eight reptile species have been registered on the territory of the Dniprovsky-Orilsky Nature Reserve, among which three species (Coronella austriaca, Natrix tessellata and Dolichophis caspius) have been recorded in the last decade. In recent years (since 1972), the average increase in the temperature of the surface air layer in Ukraine was more than 1 °С. In winter, in the central regions of the country, the highest increase in the average monthly air temperature is observed. The excess reaches 2 °C and more. Climatic changes can be the reason for the invasion and the number growth of the dice snake and the appearance of the Caspian whipsnake within the Reserve. In the context of general climate change, there is a tendency to reduce the population density of the pond turtle, sand lizard and grass snake. At the same time, there is a gradual increase in the number of steppe vipers. Preserving current temperature trends in the coming years can create favourable conditions for another reptile species – the blotched snake (Elaphe sauromates) – to penetrate into the Reserve, but also negatively affect the hygrophilic species. Increasing the risk of summer fires in the Nature Reserve «Dniprovsky-Orilsky» is one of the most threatening factors for the conservation of the terrestrial biota, including reptiles.
O discurso sobre leitor na obra Água Viva, de Clarice Lispector: um passeio pelo bosque da interdiscursividade
Authors: Souza Valdicléa
Published: March 2019

Objetivamos investigar o funcionamento do discurso sobre o leitor através da voz do narrador-personagem na obra Água Viva, de Clarice Lispector, com vista a oferecer aos profissionais da linguagem um estudo panorâmico sobre a questão da leitura e do leitor num prisma da AD na atualidade. Para esta discussão, escolhemos como base teórica e metodológica a AD de origem francesa. O presente artigo se constitui em uma contribuição para as discussões sobre a formação do leitor proficiente.
“É tempo de morangos”: argumentação, discurso e enunciação em A hora da estrela, de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Biziak Jacob Dos Santos
Published: March 2019

Esta proposta de trabalho justifica-se à medida que coloca a obra de Clarice Lispector em um novo contexto citacional, ainda mais se levarmos em conta, também, o quanto o “pensamento do feminino” (proposto por Carla Rodrigues em diálogo com a obra de Jacques Derrida), aqui, surge sob novas condições de linguagem, enveredando pelo plano temático e pela atualização discursiva dos enunciadores. Enquanto objetivo central, fortaleceremos o emprego de “enunciador”, não de “narrador”, como dispositivo de leitura da diegese, uma vez que destaca a questão da interpelação e do posicionamento da instância enunciadora diante da textualização discursiva, dando-lhe dimensão ideológica e argumentativa. Ou seja, propõe-se entender este “pensamento do feminino” como prática política diante da realidade, da circulação de verdades e da sociedade; o que, pela perspectiva do funcionamento discursivo, ajuda a pensar a ficção de Lispector como comprometida com o social, ainda que nem sempre pela via explícita, prática tão comum em boa parte do tempo em que a autora produziu e publicou.
O enlace entre a literatura e a linguística enunciativa Benvenistiana: palavras para fazer ouvir interrogações
Authors: Knack Carolina
Published: March 2019

Este artigo trata do laço entre a literatura e a linguística enunciativa derivada dos postulados de Émile Benveniste. Com o objetivo de refletir sobre tal relação, propõe considerar a literatura como uma experiência (inter)subjetivante que testemunha a condição humana na linguagem e que se estabelece, desse modo, como um interrogante para o pesquisador enunciativo. Assumindo esse ponto de vista, apresenta, primeiramente, uma retomada dos caminhos pelos quais a interface entre linguística benvenistiana e literatura tem se instaurado; em seguida, recupera alguns princípios da teoria enunciativa, conforme Benveniste, articulando-os a uma noção de literatura como experiência humana, conforme Candido; por fim, constrói uma breve leitura do conto O espelho, de Machado de Assis, considerado como um fato de linguagem que dá a ver princípios que fundamentam a própria linguística enunciativa benvenistiana.
Efecto de diferentes medios y sustratos en el enraizamiento y adaptación de rosa transgénica
Authors: Palacios-Arriaga Adrián Héctor , Rout Nutan Prasad
Published: March 2019

Introducción. El cultivo in vitro permite el mejoramiento de Rosa hybrida, no obstante, la sobrevivencia de plántulas es difícil durante la aclimatación en sustrato sólido, el proceso conlleva a que las plantas presenten malfuncionamiento de los estomas y por ende, baja asimilación del dióxido de carbono. Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar tres medios de enraizamiento in vitro y diferentes sustratos para la aclimatación ex vitro mediante medios sólidos y líquidos de la rosa transgénica. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron plantas de rosa (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Classy transgénica, a partir de embriones somáticos, cultivadas in vitro durante dos años y se sometieron a enraizamiento in vitro y ex vitro, seguido de aclimatación. Para enraizar in vitro tres medios diferentes y para los experimentos ex vitro, se utilizaron siete combinaciones diferentes de sustratos. El estudio se llevó a cabo de agosto de 2012 a enero de 2013 en el Centro de Investigación y Asistencia de Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Resultados. Los resultados de los experimentos in vitro y ex vitro demostraron que los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en el medio MS adicionado con sacarosa (30 g/l) y carbón activado (0,5 g/l), y el sustrato compuesto de turba de musgo (70%) y perlita (30%), con 20% de enraizamiento. El sustrato con 25% de humus produjo el mayor contenido de clorofila, sin embargo, no hubo enraizamiento. Los tratamientos con sustrato sólido mostraron mayor porcentaje de sobrevivencia de plántulas, alto promedio de hojas por planta, alto contenido de clorofila y buena calidad del brote en comparación con los hidropónicos. La sobrevivencia en estos últimos fue de 40% sin aireación y 0% con aireación a los dieciséis días de establecimiento; ambos tratamientos no presentaron enraizamiento. Tratamientos sin aireación no mostraron enraizamiento. Conclusión. Mayores contenidos de materia orgánica en sustrato y la presencia de aireación en una solución hidropónica pueden no garantizar una mayor sobrevivencia durante la aclimatación. Los resultados suponen una optimización en la aclimatación de las plantas y el cultivo hidropónico de rosa.
The Potential Clinical Implications of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Abdallah Emne A. , Braun Alexcia C. , Flores Bianca C.T.C.P. , Senda Laís , Urvanegia Ana Cláudia , Calsavara Vinicius , Fonseca de Jesus Victor Hugo , Almeida Maria Fernanda Arruda , Begnami Maria Dirlei , Coimbra Felipe J.F. , da Costa Wilson Luiz , Nunes Diana Noronha , Dias-Neto Emmanuel , Chinen Ludmilla T. Domingos
Published: March 2019

Background

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the third deadliest malignant neoplasm worldwide, mostly because of late disease diagnosis, low chemotherapy response rates, and an overall lack of tumor biology understanding. Therefore, tools for prognosis and prediction of treatment response are needed. Quantification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) and their expression of biomarkers has potential clinical relevance. Our aim was to evaluate CTCs and CTM and their expression of HER2 and plakoglobin in patients with nonmetastatic GAC, correlating the findings to clinicopathological data.

Materials and Methods

CTC enrichment was performed with isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells, and the analysis was performed with immunocytochemistry and microscopy. Two collections were made: one at diagnosis (55 samples before neoadjuvant treatment) and one after surgery and before adjuvant therapy (33 samples).

Results

A high detection rate of CTCs (90%) was observed at baseline. We evaluated HER2 expression in 45/55 biopsy samples and in 42/55 CTC samples, with an overlap of 36 subjects. Besides the good agreement observed for HER2 expression in primary tumors and paired CTCs for 36 cases (69.4%; κ = 0.272), the analysis of HER2 in CTCs showed higher positivity (43%) compared with primary tumors (11%); 3/5 patients with disease progression had HER2-negative primary tumors but HER2-positive CTCs. A significant CTC count drop in follow-up was seen for CTC-HER2-positive cases (4.45 to 1.0 CTCs per mL) compared with CTC-HER2-negative cases (2.6 to 1.0 CTCs per mL). The same was observed for CTC-plakoglobin-positive cases (2.9 to 1.25 CTCs per mL).

Conclusion

CTC analysis, including their levels, plakoglobin, and HER2 expression, appears to be a promising tool in the understanding the biology and prognosis of GAC.

Implications for Practice

The analysis of circulating tumor cell levels from the blood of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, before and after neoadjuvant treatment, is useful to better understand the behavior of the disease as well as the patients more likely to respond to treatment.
Combination Cisplatin-Epirubicin-Paclitaxel Therapy for Metastatic Extramammary Paget's Disease
Authors: Hirai Ikuko , Tanese Keiji , Nakamura Yoshio , Ishii Maki , Kawakami Yutaka , Funakoshi Takeru
Published: March 2019

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma that clinicopathologically resembles breast cancer. The prognosis of metastatic EMPD is poor. Although several chemotherapies have been tried, the effects are temporary; better drugs and combinations are required.

In the present study, we retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of combination of cisplatin, epirubicin, and paclitaxel in five metastatic EMPD cases. The efficacy was better than that for previously reported regimens: 80% partial responses, including two patients who were refractory to taxane- and/or platinum-based regimens. In terms of safety, four patients who were able to continue treatment exhibited acceptable tolerability.

This is the first regimen to combine taxane and anthracycline. When treating breast cancer, anthracycline is regarded as the key cytotoxic agent, and anthracycline in combination with taxane constitutes a key chemotherapeutic regimen. Given our results, we speculate both drugs are critical chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of metastatic EMPD.
Efficacy and Safety of Tenapanor in Patients with Hyperphosphatemia Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Block Geoffrey A. , Rosenbaum David P. , Yan Andrew , Chertow Glenn M.
Published: March 2019

Significance Statement

Phosphate binders are currently the only medications available to reduce elevated serum phosphate in patients with ESRD receiving hemodialysis. Tenapanor, a minimally absorbed inhibitor of gastrointestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), acts via a non–phosphate-binding mechanism, reducing paracellular phosphate transport in the intestine. The authors found that tenapanor significantly lowered elevated serum phosphate in patients receiving hemodialysis, resulting in a mean reduction of 1.0–1.2 mg/dl over 8 weeks. Tenapanor also showed a significant benefit over placebo in patients rerandomized to either continue tenapanor treatment or receive a placebo for 4 weeks. Adverse effects were largely limited to softening of stool and more frequent bowel movements. By targeting paracellular phosphate transport’s substantial contribution to net phosphate absorption in the gut, tenapanor has the potential to improve management of mineral bone disorder in CKD.

Background

Guidelines recommend reducing elevated serum phosphate in patients with CKD. Tenapanor, a minimally absorbed inhibitor of gastrointestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), reduces paracellular phosphate transport.

Methods

In this phase 3 randomized, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with hyperphosphatemia receiving maintenance hemodialysis to receive twice-daily oral tenapanor (3, 10, or 30 mg [the latter down-titrated, if needed]) for 8 weeks. Patients were then rerandomized 1:1 to receive either their previously assigned dose or placebo for a 4-week ‘withdrawal’ period. We measured serum phosphate levels over the course of the trial. The primary end point was mean change in serum phosphate over the 4-week withdrawal period for the tenapanor group (using pooled data) versus the placebo group.

Results

Of 219 patients randomized, 152 completed both study phases. During the initial 8-week treatment period, all three treatment groups experienced significant decreases in mean serum phosphate (reductions of 1.00, 1.02, and 1.19 mg/dl, corresponding to the 3, 10, and 30 mg [down-titrated] dose groups, respectively). Tenapanor also showed a significant benefit over placebo during the withdrawal period, with a mean increase of 0.85 mg/dl in the placebo group versus a mean increase of 0.02 mg/dl in the pooled tenapanor group. Adverse events were largely limited to softened stool and a modest increase in bowel movement frequency, resulting from increased stool sodium and water content, stemming from tenapanor’s mechanism of action.

Conclusions

Tenapanor significantly reduced elevated serum phosphate in patients with hyperphosphatemia receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Adverse effects were limited to those induced by its known mechanism of action, which increases stool sodium and water content.
KAMUSAL AÇIK ALANLARDA SANAT VE BATTALGAZİ ÇINAR PARK ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Ercan Halil Fazıl , ERCAN Halil Fazıl
Published: March 2019

Kamusal
açık alanların günümüz kent yapılaşması içerisinde insan yaşamı için gerekli
olan ve herkese açık alanlar olması özelliğiyle önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu
makalede kamu ve kamusal alanlar kavramının anlamsal yönü üzerinde durulmuş
olup, insan odaklı ve herkes için açık alanlar olması yönüyle sanatsal
pratikleri içerisinde barındırmasının önemine değinilmiştir. Yapılmış kamusal
sanat uygulama örnekleri üzerinden estetik ve kavramsal açıdan, mekâna, sanat
eserine, sanat alımlayıcısına çok yönlü faydaları incelenmiştir.

Makalede
bu araştırma ve incelemeler ışığında Malatya’nın Battalgazi İlçesindeki Çınar Park
için tasarlanan, özgün seramik pano uygulamasının estetik, kavramsal özellikleri
ve tasarım süreci değerlendirilmiştir.
A Comprehensive Study on Physical Properties of Antiperovskite GeNCa3
Authors: İYİGÖR Ahmet , AL Selgin
Published: March 2019

A comprehensive study has been
carried out in order to reveal physical properties of antiperovskite compound
GeNCa3 in the cubic structure. This study presents extensive
properties including mechanical, electronic, vibrational and thermodynamical by
means of generalised approximation approach within the density functional
theory. The equilibrium lattice constant and bulk modulus of the compound are
obtained via energy-volume data. The mechanical stability evaluation is
conducted based on Born’s criteria using elastic constants. Subsequently,
electronic band structures and partial and total densities of states are computed
for antiperovskite GeNCa3. The electronic band structure of the
compound reveals a metallic character with highest contribution to the
conductivity Ge 4p and Ca 3d states. Moreover, phonon distribution curve is obtained
by employing the linear response technique. The results indicate a dynamically
stable compound. Finally, thermodynamic properties such as entropy and specific
heat value and the results are presented.
Análise das publicações nacionais sobre educação a distância na área da saúde
Authors: Carbonero Flávia Cristina
Published: March 2019

A educação a distância (EaD) vem sendo incluída como uma positiva estratégia para qualificação profissional no Brasil. Com a necessidade de atualização constante dos profissionais da área da saúde, nasceu a proposta do presente estudo de elencar e analisar as publicações nacionais sobre EaD na referida área, buscando conhecer quais são os as subáreas da saúde que mais oferecem essa modalidade no Brasil e quais os benefícios das propostas a distância para estes profissionais. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura por meio de buscas de artigos científicos na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Bireme), contendo temas de gestão, participação e educação em saúde. Foram selecionados oito artigos científicos publicados no Brasil. Conclui-se que existe uma prática multidisciplinar em se tratando do oferecimento e da adesão aos cursos de capacitação profissional na modalidade EaD, estando composto este corpo de trabalhadores por médicos, enfermeiros, odontologistas, além de membros da equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família, do SUS, o que permite qualifica- ção e atualização de qualidade para estes profissionais, além de proporcionar melhorias no cuidado à população brasileira em áreas com precariedade de assistência à saúde.
Dialética da tutoria: conhecimento a distância, gestão e compartilhamento em rede
Authors: Milano Falcão Vieira Eleonora , Moraes Marialice , Rossato Jaqueline
Published: March 2019

A educação a distância evoluiu no sentido da multipolaridade territorial, na ampla diversidade de oferta de cursos, na qualifica- ção dos recursos multimídia e na especializa- ção de pessoal. A opção por essa modalidade de ensino permitiu sua institucionalização em larga escala e consequente difusão do conhecimento não presencial. Nessa modalidade, ressalta-se a função do tutor, a gestão da tutoria e a necessidade de compartilhamento em rede do material pedagógico produzido e dos métodos de estruturação e organiza- ção administrativa nas diversas categorias institucionais que ofertam a modalidade de educação a distância. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a importância do tutor, sua evolução conceitual, a gestão da tutoria e o compartilhamento do material pedagógico produzido em consonância com os métodos de gestão por meio de rede compartilhada, visto que a educação a distância vem aprimorando seus ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Para isso, utilizou-se uma abordagem teórica e interpretativa da realidade de referência, particularizando a gestão de compartilhamento entre os diversos materiais oferecidos ao contexto tutorial. Dessa forma, espera-se contribuir com discussões acerca dos recursos tecnológicos multimídia e com a qualificação de pessoal e material pedagógico em contínuo aperfeiçoamento, que tornam o programa EaD uma modalidade institucional específica ou programática nas instituições presenciais.
How to Fight Fair Use Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt: The Experience of One Open Educational Resource
Authors: Weeramuni Lindsey
Published: March 2019

At the launch of one of the early online open educational resources (OER) in 2002, the approach to addressing copyright was uncertain. Did the university or the faculty own their material? How would the third-party material be handled? Was all of its use considered fair use under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act (Title 17, United States Code) because of its educational purpose? Or was permission-seeking necessary for this project to succeed and protect the integrity of faculty and university? For many years, this OER was conservative in its approach to third-party material, avoiding making fair use claims on the theory that it was too risky and difficult to prove in the face of an infringement claim. Additionally, being one of the early projects of its kind, there was fear of becoming a target for ambitious copyright holders wanting to make headlines (and perhaps win lawsuits). It was not until 2009 that the Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare was written by a community of practitioners who believed that if fair use worked for documentary film makers, video creators, and others (including big media), it worked in open education as well. Once this Code was adopted, universities and institutions were able to offer more rich and complete course content to their users than before. This paper explains how it happened at this early open educational resource offering.
Coding Manual for Childhood Obesity-Relevant Policy Documents v1
Authors: Yanovitzky Itzhak , S. Weber Matthew
Published: March 2019

•Studies about policymakers’ use of research evidence frequently track ‘evidence’ as opposed to tracking ‘use’. •Policymakers use evidence to inform their thoughts and decisions but also to influence those of others. •Policymakers’ communication with and about evidence is a reliable proxy of how and for what purpose they use evidence. •Methods from the field of persuasive communication can yield a rich and nuanced account of policymakers’ evidence use. This is a protocol to code documents about the policymaking process using a theory-grounded content analysis methodology. It looked at policymaking within U.S. Congress and the type and content of documents and evidence that was cited in deliberations
Utility of numerical and visual analog scales for evaluating the post-operative pain in rural areas
Authors: Anpuram Laxminarayana
Published: March 2019

Background: Under normal circumstances one tries to avoid pain. If incurred, one would like to do something about it, like taking pain killers, seeking medical help or avoiding movements or positions that bring on pain or make it worse. The aim of study was to evaluate the literacy impact on the ability to indicate pain on two rating scales.Methods: This study was a cross sectional study conducted in post-operative patients admitted in tertiary hospital in rural areas of India. This study was conducted between May 2016 to October 2016.Results: In this study, 100 patients were enrolled. illiterate patients were 40 which was the highest and the least was graduate patients which constituted about 8%. Patients who were in upper class was the least which constituted about 6%, patients who were in middle class was the highest which was 65%. P values for age, sex and literacy in VAS scale were 0.642, 0.966 and 0.322 respectively. The P values for age, sex and literacy in NAS scale were 0.711, 0.401 and 0.870 respectively.Conclusions: This study proved that illiterate patients in Indian rural population can easily rate their pain on these scales and thus visual analog scales and numeric analog scales were the simplest tools for assessing the pain.