bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The DELIVER study; the impact of research capacity building on research, education, and practice in Dutch midwifery
Authors: Spelten Evelien , Gitsels Janneke , Verhoeven Corine , Hutton Eileen K. , Martin Linda
Published: October 2023

Background

Few examples exist of research capacity building (RCB) in midwifery. As in other jurisdictions, at the turn of this century midwives in the Netherlands lagged in research-based practice. Dutch professional and academic organisations recognised the need to proactively undertake RCB. This paper describes how a large national research project, the DELIVER study, contributed to RCB in Dutch midwifery.

Methods

Applying Cooke’s framework for RCB, we analysed the impact of the DELIVER study on RCB in midwifery with a document analysis comprising the following documents: annual reports on research output, websites of national organizations that might have implemented research findings, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)), midwifery guidelines concerning DELIVER research topics, publicly available career information of the PhD students and a google search using the main research topic and name of the researcher to look for articles in public papers.

Results

The study provided an extensive database with nationally representative data on the quality and provision of midwifery-led care in the Netherlands. The DELIVER study resulted in 10 completed PhD projects and over 60 publications. Through close collaboration the study had direct impact on education of the next generation of primary, midwifery care practices and governmental and professional bodies.

Discussion

The DELIVER study was intended to boost the research profile of primary care midwifery. This reflection on the research capacity building components of the study shows that the study also impacted on education, policy, and the midwifery profession. As such the study shows that this investment in RCB has had a profound positive impact on primary care midwifery in the Netherlands.
Prevalence and associated factors of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: Application of marginal models analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data
Authors: Gobena Woldemariam Erkalo , Wotale Teramaj Wongel , Lelisho Mesfin Esayas , Gezimu Wubishet
Published: October 2023

Background

Stunting, short for age, affects the overall growth and development of the children. It occurs due to chronic under nutrition. Stunting vastly occurs in impoverished regions of the world, including Ethiopia.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia using marginal models.

Methods

Data were taken from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, which is a nationally representative survey of children in the 0–59 month age group. For marginal models, generalized estimating equations and alternating logistic regression models were used for the analysis.

Results

The prevalence of stunting among the under-five children was 34.91% in the area. The proportion was slightly higher among male (36.01%) than female (33.76%) child. The Alternating Logistic Regression model analysis revealed that the child’s age, the mother’s education level, the mother’s body mass index, the place of residence, the wealth index, and the previous birth interval were found to be significant determinants of childhood stunting, and the result shows that children born with a lower previous birth interval (less than 24 months) were more likely to be stunted than those born within a higher birth interval. Children in rural Ethiopia were more likely to be stunted than children in urban Ethiopia.

Conclusion

This study found that more than one third of children were stunted in the area. The study also determined that child’s age, the mother’s education, the mother’s body mass index, the place of residence, the wealth index, and birth interval influence stunting. Therefore, it is better enhancing the nutritional intervention programs.
National debt management and business sustainability in Africa’s largest economy: A focus on the private sector
Authors: Shang Mengya , Okorie Uchechukwu E. , Hang Yin , Jin Xiaosong , Ufua Daniel E.
Published: October 2023

In many developing economies, high and increasing public debt profile constitutes an essential means of financial risk. An appropriate debt management is germane for survival of business and good international reputation though its effect on private sector credit mobilization had been seldomly investigated. This study seeks to know whether strategic debt management approach exacts a significant effect on the Nigerian private sector and Africa at large resulting to higher credit availability for sustainable enterprise establishment. The study used a time-series observation spanning from 1981–2021. The method of data analysis employed the unit root test for stationarity. Johansen cointegration and vector error correction approach. The result of the unit root test indicates the series were all stationary after first difference and thus were integrated of order1. The Johansen cointegration test support the existence of a cointegrating series between the private credit and its determinants. More empirical evidence from the study shows that proper debt management and increase revenue generation through net taxes on products accounted for 0.93 and 1.32% increase in private sector credit mobilization, while total external debt stock was responsible for a significant negative influence of 0.60% on private sector credit mobilization. The study recommends that the government should always be proactive in their strategic and innovative approach to debt management, revenue generation and sources of funds. This will help not only to avoid crowding out of the private sector but will enhance adequate credit mobilization for effective operations of the private sector.
Habitual prospective memory in preschool children
Authors: Kelly Andrew J. , Camden Abigail A. , Williams Melany C. , Beran Michael J. , Perdue Bonnie M.
Published: October 2023

Habitual prospective memory (PM) refers to situations in which individuals have to remember to perform a future task on a regular and frequent basis. Habitual PM tasks are ubiquitous and the ability to successfully complete these tasks (e.g., remembering to bring your lunch to school every day) is necessary for children as they begin to establish their own independence. The current investigation is the first to explore preschool children’s ability to complete this kind of task. At the end of a regular testing session during which children engaged in a variety of unrelated cognitive tasks, participants were instructed to ask for a stamp on their card, which was sitting in a box on the table. Over the course of the first experiment, participants did this 13 times, spanning a time period of several months. The results demonstrated that children initially needed prompting from the experimenter to remember, but with experience, participants were able to retrieve this intention without assistance. Experiment 2 demonstrated that removing the box from participants’ line of sight after numerous opportunities to perform the task did not negatively impact performance, although it did make a difference at the outset of this requirement to remember to ask for stamps. Together, these results indicate that with somewhat consistent and repeated practice, preschool children can fairly quickly demonstrate the ability to successfully perform future intentions that are likely to be repeated on numerous occasions.
A Highly Efficient, Catalyst-Free Synthesis of S-Alkyl/aryl Dithiocarbamate Derivatives under Green Conditions and Evaluation of their Biological Activity
Authors: Junghare Nilesh , Kadam Pravin , Chavan Jotiram , Patil Minakshi , Chougale Gurunath
Published: October 2023

An efficient, feasible, transition metal catalyst-free and environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of dithiocarbamate in an ethanol-water solvent combination at room temperature has been established. Alkyl/aryl halide, carbon disulfide and secondary amine were condensed in one pot to produce a range of dithiocarbamate derivatives. Based on the results, the yields were higher when aliphatic amine reacted with benzyl halides as compared to alkyl halides. This method has the advantage of using no hazardous solvents. Other benefits of this method include producing compounds with a good yield by a catalyst-free reaction employing a simple, affordable and useful method. When tested against specific pathogens, selected dithiocarbamate derivatives showed strong antibacterial activity but weak antifungal activity.
Analytical Approaches for the Detection of Heavy Metals and Agrochemicals in the Environment Samples and their Recent Technologies
Authors: BHARDWAJ SANJAY KUMAR , PATLE TARUN KUMAR , JHA ANJU , PATLE ALKA
Published: October 2023

At part per billion (ppb) concentrations, heavy metals and pesticides both pose a significant health risk. Over-ingestion of pesticides and heavy metals in the environment may cause various diseases and effects on human life. So, a systematic analysis for detecting and removing pesticides and heavy metals from the environment is required. This review provides a comprehensive study of the several analytical methodologies employed in the quantification of heavy metal ions and agrochemicals in environmental samples. Furthermore, the detrimental impacts of these substances on both human health and plant life are also discussed. Moreover, a concise overview of the latest developments in the design of nanomaterial-based sensors, specifically focusing on colorimetric and electroanalytical approaches. These sensors are utilized for the detection and analysis of heavy metals and pesticides. In addition, the information garnered from the study will improved the capability to detect and remove contaminants from environmental samples.
A Rapid, Simplified and Validated Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Method for Quantitation of Molnupiravir and Its Generic Versions
Authors: Taher Mohammad Abdullah , Kamal Sabiha , Moniruzzaman Md. , Rani Das Rickta , Khan Mala
Published: October 2023

Molnupiravir, an orally active RdRp inhibitor, though originally developed to use against influenza, has become a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19 infection by acting as prodrug of the nucleoside analog b-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC or EIDD- 931) in the isopropyl ester form. Accordingly, it has been approved by MHRA, UK in November 2021 to use against COVID-19. This work presents the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the rapid and accurate assessment of molnupiravir. The objective of this approach is to ensure the quality control of Lagevrio® capsules and their generic versions available in Bangladesh. The separation was carried out by isocratic elution through C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm i.d., 5 µ particle size) at 40 °C temperature at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using acetonitrile and 1% orthophosphoric acid as buffer (20:80, v/v). A 10 mL sample was injected and elution was monitored at 210 nm wavelength. The calibration curve over the concentration range of 80-120% were found to be linear (r2 = 0.9998), the %RSD for intra-day (0.31%) and inter-day (0.73%) precision indicate good precision where %recovery was found in the acceptable range of 99.9-100.4% as per ICH guidelines. The method was successfully applied to commercial pharmaceuticals, Lagevrio® and its generic versions and and the results were found to be consistent with the label claims (95-105%).
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(p-Toluidine-co-o-aminophenol) Copolymers: Influence of Monomer Ratio
Authors: Shanthamani M. , Karthik K.
Published: October 2023

Conducting polymers, particularly poly(p-toluidine) (PPT) and its copolymer films with poly(o-aminophenol) [poly(PT-co-OAP)], have gained significant attention due to their diverse applications in batteries, electronic devices, sensors, etc. The copolymers were prepared using electrochemical method using cyclic voltammetry on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plate immersed in a solution of 1 M HCl. The influence of the monomer ratio on the resulting copolymerization and electrochemical behaviour was also investigated. Additionally, a possible mechanism for Poly(PT-co-OAP) formation in an acidic medium is also deduced. The synthesized copolymers were thoroughly characterized using IR, UV-Vis, PXRD, SEM and conductivity analysis.
Modification of QuPPe-PO-Method for the Determination of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid using High Strength Silica Chromatographic Column
Authors: Sorokin A.V.
Published: October 2023

Glyphosate (Gly) is a popular herbicide often used for crop desiccation. The use of glyphosate leads to the contamination of the agricultural products as well as soil, surface and groundwater. For food safety control and environment monitoring, a method developed based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, which allows quantitative determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), without derivatization. The LOQ of Gly and AMPA in raw materials of plant origin is 0.1 mg/kg; LOQ of Gly in water is 0.001 mg/L, AMPA is 0.002 mg/L; LOQ of Gly in soil is 0.02 mg/kg, AMPA is 0.04 mg/kg. Extraction from raw materials of plant origin was performed by acetic acid solution of methanol in water, in the presence of EDTA-Na2 and dichloromethane. Extraction from water was carried out in the presence of EDTA-Na2 and acetic acid. From soil, Gly and AMPA were extracted with 0.1% of ammonia solution. The extracts are purified on OASIS HLB; proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile, an aliquot of the extract was concentrated. The resulting calibration dependence equations were linear and the correlation values (R) were ≥ 0.99. Relative standard deviation values were in the range of 1.77-19.5%, while the recoveries were from 80.5 to 108%.
Thermal Synthesis of Polypeptides from N-t-Butyloxycarbonyltripeptide Derivatives without Reactive Side Chains
Authors: MUNEGUMI T.
Published: October 2023

The thermal reactions of N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-aspartic acid (Boc-Asp-OH) and some N-t-butyloxycarbonyl derivatives of peptides in which the C-terminal is an aspartic residue as a reactive residue in Boc-Gly-Gly-L-Asp-OH are known. The two carboxy groups at C- zerminal are believed to form an anhydride or give peptide bonds directly. This research reports the thermal reactions of N-Boc-tripeptide derivatives such as Boc-Pro-Pro-Gly-OH, Boc-Pro-Pro-Gly-NH2, Boc-Pro-Pro-Gly-OCH3 and Boc-Ala- Ala-Ala-OH with a carboxy group at C-terminal. Thermal reactions were carried out at a constant temperature near their melting points for 1 to 24 h to afford polypeptides whose average molecular weight reached 2,500 Da.
Synthesis, in silico Profiling, in vitro Anthelmintic and Antibacterial Activities of Novel 6-Bromo-2-Phenyl-3-Substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones
Authors: Posinasetty Bhargavi , Bandarapalle Kishore , Pillarikuppam Nihar , Kumarachari Rajasekhar Komarla , Birudala Geetha , CHANDRAKALA ARUGA
Published: October 2023

In this study, eight novel derivatives of 6-bromo-2-phenyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized, which was achieved through the use of bromoanthranilic acid, benzoyl chloride, and different substituted amino synthons. The chemical structures of these compounds through IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry were successfully characterized. By employing computational tools like PASS, Molinspiration, Osiris, and Swiss ADME, we made predictions about the properties of these molecules. These predictions encompassed factors such as anthelmintic and antibacterial traits, drug-likeness, bioactivity scores, toxicity, and potential molecular targets. Furthermore, we performed in vitro assays to evaluate the bioactivities of the synthesized compounds. For anthelmintic effectiveness, the conventional method of assessing paralysis and mortality in earthworms for each compound was followed. The antibacterial efficacy was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, using the agar cup plate technique. The results of these assays provide valuable insights into the potential of these compounds as agents with anthelmintic and antibacterial properties.
Characterization and Quantitation of N-Nitroso Duloxetine Impurity in Duloxetine Hydrochloride Drug Substance
Authors: GANESH PERLA , RAJU CH. B.V. NARASIMHA , RAO BM. , NAGADEEP J. , CHAKRAVARTHY V. KALYANA , BASAVAIAH K. , DEVI DHARAMASOTH RAMA
Published: October 2023

The nitrosamine family of chemicals is a large group of carcinogens found in human diets and other environmental media. In animal experiments, it has been shown that N-nitroso compounds can cause cancer, hence the presence of nitrosamine impurities are important to evaluate and need to be quantified. This work shows the content of N-nitroso duloxetine in duloxetine (DXT) hydrochloride, before proceeding to the quantification of impurity, the impurity standard must be well characterized by analytical techniques and it places a vigorous role, i.e. N-nitroso DXT molecular weight conformed by mass spectral data and the atoms connectivity was confirmed by NMR spectral data (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and thermal analyses (DSC and TGA) were also performed. In N-nitroso DXT, two sets of signals were typically observed, indicating the presence of asymmetric N-nitroso DXT, concluding with drift functional theory (DFT) for E-, Z-isomers related to the nitroso group in N-nitroso DXT. The medical agency recommends a specified limit of 0.83 ppm for the acceptable intake (AI) and the maximum daily dosage. The determination of N- itroso DXT was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) followed by electron spray ionization with triple quadrupole.
Ion Fluence-Dependent Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Electrochemically Synthesized PANI/ZnO Nano
Authors: Hussain Aasim , Jabeen Farha , Warish Mohd , Sulania Indra , Dhillon Anju , Siddiqui Azher M.
Published: October 2023

The electrochemical synthesis and ion irradiation effects of polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO) nanocomposite films on stainless steel substrates were investigated in this study. The structural, morphological and electrical properties of the films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The results show that the films have a nanofiber network structure with an average diameter of 50-60 nm. The vibrational modes and structural properties of the films are influenced by ion fluence. The electrical conductivity and mobility of the films increase significantly at low fluence (1.0 × 1011 ions/cm2), reaching values of 1.14 × 10-2 S/cm and 3.56 × 10-5 cm2/V-s, respectively. However, at high fluence, electrical properties degrade due to the damage caused by the ion irradiation. This study demonstrates the potential of PANI/ZnO nanocomposite films for applications in the optoelectronic devices and energy storage devices.
Chlorpyrifos Release Kinetics from Citric Acid Crosslinked Biopolymeric Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: MAAN SHEETAL , JATRANA ANUSHREE , KUMAR VINAY , SINDHU MEENA , MONDAL SANCHIT
Published: October 2023

Biopolymer based nanoformulation was synthesized by using microwave assisted nano-precipitaion method. The biopolymers consist of chitosan and guar gum were crosslinked using citric acid in order to encapsulate chlorpyrifos pesticide. The successful synthesis of chlorpyrifos containing nano-formulations was thoroughly examined, where the surface morphology examined by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has established the loading of chlorpyrifos in the biopolymeric matrix, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination revealed the spherical shaped particles of about 234 nm and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has confirmed the crosslinking between two biopolymers through citric acid due to the presence of peaks corresponding to ester linkages at 1730 cm-1. The encapsulation efficiency of chlorpyrifos at pH 7 and 30 ºC was around 50%. The successfully synthesized chlorpyrifos loaded biopolymeric nano-formulation were further utilized to study the release behaviour of chlorpyrifos in water and biocompatibility towards soil microbiota. The release of chlorpyrifos was almost 15% slower than conventional chlorpyrifos and the formulation was found biocompatible towards microbiota.
Leptomeningeal Metastases in Carcinoma Rectum with Extensive Skeletal Metastasis - A Case Report
Authors: Chayan Paul  , Abhishek Basu  , Abhay Chakravarty
Published: October 2023

Incidence of rectal carcinoma has been rising in younger people in recent decades. Skeletal metastasis without other organ metastasis from primary rectal carcinoma is very rare, spine and the pelvis are the first sites of bony metastasis. Leptomeningeal Metastases (LM) is a very rare complication of solid tumour progression and its incidence in colorectal carcinoma is far less. A nineteen-year-old male presented in the OPD with rectal bleeding and low back pain with colonoscopic biopsy proving rectal carcinoma. MRI of pelvis revealed multiple osseous metastases to vertebrae and pelvic bones. After four cycles of palliative chemotherapy, he developed lower back pain.  Repeat MRI revealed multiple lesions in the vertebrae and long bones for which he received palliative external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Subsequently seven months later he developed meningeal metastases and received whole brain radiation and supportive care. LM in patients with primary colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an exceedingly rare complication of metastatic disease progression in CRC.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women.[1] The incidence of it has been rising in young adults.[2] The common metastatic sites of CRC include the liver (57.6%), abdominal lymph nodes (48.3%), lungs (37.6%) and Peritoneum.[3,4,5] Skeletal metastasis without other organ metastasis is very rare. Bone metastasis is seen in 4.7% to 10.9% in clinical cases and often indicates advanced disease with a poor prognosis with 5-year survival rate less than 5%,[6] leading to significantly high rate of morbidity and mortality.

Leptomeningeal Metastases (LM) or neoplastic meningitis, is an uncommon metastatic complication of solid tumour progression. Most commonly arising from breast, non-small-cell lung cancer, and melanoma with a frequency of 5% to 25%.[7] The incidence of LM in colorectal cancer (CRC) is far less than 1%.[8]

Here we report a case of rectal carcinoma, with extensive skeletal metastases and their pattern of bone involvement, who later presented with meningeal metastases.
Nephrotic Syndrome in Pregnancy - Case Reports
Authors: Madhushree Vijayakumar  , Ramya Chinnaswamy  , Meghana Vijayakumar
Published: October 2023

Nephrotic syndrome is a spectrum of kidney disorders with clinically significant proteinuria, peripheral oedema, hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidaemia, and hypercoagulable state. Pregnancy complicated with nephrotic syndrome poses significant challenges leading to maternal and foetal morbidity even in the absence of significant renal impairment. It leads to preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, preterm birth and higher incidence of operative deliveries. Multidisciplinary approach involving high risk pregnancy team, nephrologist and neonatal care can improve neonatal and maternal outcomes. Here are the case reports of nephrotic syndrome managed with multidisciplinary approach with successful outcomes.

Proteinuria in pregnancy is common ranging from mild increase to significant proteinuria. If there is significant increase it does not always necessarily be preeclampsia, it could be an underlying renal disorder. It is characterized by proteinuria in excess of over 3.5 g/day, peripheral oedema, hyperlipidaemia, hypoalbuminemia. Renal biopsy may reveal microscopic abnormalities. Prompt diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management can lead to successful outcomes. Here we are presenting case reports on pregnancies complicated with gross proteinuria which were managed with multidisciplinary inputs with positive outcomes.
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis with Extension of Air in the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Nirmit Agrawal  , Sujata Kiran Patwardhan  , Bhushan Patil  , Sachin Bhujbal  , Seshang Kamath
Published: October 2023

A 60-year-old gentleman with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C- 10.3%), presented with fever and chills, and right flank pain with dysuria for a week with no respiratory symptoms. On examination, he had tachycardia with a pulse rate of 130/min, blood pressure of 96/60 mm Hg, respiratory rate of 20/min, and saturation of 95% on room air. Per abdominal examination revealed left flank fullness (Fig.-1) and tenderness. On laboratory evaluation, he had a leucocyte count of 36700 cells/mm, a platelet count of 4.1 lakhs, and a blood glucose of 385 mg/dl. On the renal function test- serum creatinine was raised - 2.2 mg/dl. Urine analysis showed 25-30 leukocytes/HPF and the presence of sugar and no ketones. The report of urine culture obtained later was positive for Escherichia coli sensitive to Piperacillin + tazobactam. CXR was normal. Computed Tomography (CT) KUB (Fig.-2) revealed thinning of the right renal parenchyma along with large air pockets of perinephric emphysematous changes with the extension of the gas into IVC and left renal vein (Huang and Tseng classification 3b). Considering the above history, examination, and relevant investigation, a diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis with a further extension of air in the inferior vena cava was made. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids, Piperacillin + tazobactam, metronidazole, and insulin. After stabilization, under general anaesthesia, the patient underwent open nephrectomy (Fig. 3) instead of PCN or DJ as the patient was hemodynamically stable, and bedside 2 D Echo did not reveal the extension of the gas into the atrium or ventricles, it was thought that removing the kidney as the source of gas production would curtail the process of intravasation of gas in the IVC. The patient underwent postoperative CT KUB after 72 hours which revealed complete spontaneous resolution of air in IVC (Fig.-4). The patient improved clinically with intensive post-operative care and was discharged after 14 days.
Asynchronous time integration while achieving zero interface energy
Authors: Dvořák Radim , Kolman Radek , Falta Jan , Neühauserová Michaela
Published: October 2023

This contribution deals with an asynchronous direct time integration of the finite-element model. The proposed method is applied to the phenomenon of wave propagation through an elastic linear continuum. The numerical model is partitioned into individual subdomains using the domain decomposition method by means of localized Lagrange multipliers. For each subdomain, different time discretizations are used. No restrictions for relation between subdomain’s time steps are imposed. The coupling of the subdomains is forced by an acceleration continuity condition. Additionally, we use the a posteriori technique to also provide the displacement and velocity continuity at the interfaces, and hence we obtain exact continuity of all three kinematic fields. The proposed method is experimentally validated using the modified SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) setup.
Local defect formation in short glass fibre reinforced polymers – micro-mechanical simulations and interrupted in-situ experiments
Authors: Maurer Julia , Krölling Denise , Salaberger Dietmar , Jerabek Michael , Kastner Johann , Major Zoltán
Published: October 2023

Discontinuous fibre reinforced polymers are widely used in various industry sectors and often replace conventional materials, due to lower production costs and their lightweight structure. For improvement of the component design, detailed knowledge of the failure mechanisms are necessary. To better understand the defect formation and thus the micro-mechanics, the strain behaviour in single fibres was analysed by micro-mechanical simulations of Representative Volume Elements (RVE). Therefore, selected fibres – similar orientated as in the real structure – were chosen for detailed analysis. Additionally, the defect formation next to selected fibres was investigated by X-ray computed tomography (CT). Furthermore, the critical fibre length was estimated based on the protruding fibre length of the fracture surface. Overall the simulation results correspond to theory. However, the detailed local inspection of the experimental volume data showed a rather strong influence of neighbouring fibres.
Analysis of peel and shear strains in cracked lap shear specimens subjected to fatigue loading using digital image correlation
Authors: Panerai Alessandra , Piccoli Gianmarco , Martulli Luca Michele , Bernasconi Andrea , Carboni Michele
Published: October 2023

Adhesive bonding presents many advantages, such as efficient manufacturing and improved structural performance [1]. However, in structures subjected to fatigue, cracks might initiate and propagate in joints, leading to in-service failure [2]. Most adhesively bonded joints are subjected to combination of peel and shear loads, so mixed I+II mode loading conditions are present [3]. In this work, Cracked Lap Shear specimens, which feature mixed I+II mode loading conditions, were tested under fatigue loading. During tests, crack growth was monitored using Visual Testing and Digital Image Correlation. With Digital Image Correlation, opening and sliding displacements in the bondline were extracted from the substrates’ displacement fields and compared against a Finite Element Model, revealing a highly strained process zone ahead of the crack tip. Results highlight the usefulness of DIC in capturing the deformation behaviour of adhesive joints under mixed mode loading conditions.
Application of Low Temperature and Antiviral for Elimination of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Its Effect on the Growth of Shoot Tip Culture of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Diningsih Erniawati , Aryantika Safani , Rahardjo Indijarto Budi , Nuryani Wakiah , Hanudin  , Manzila Ifa
Published: October 2023

Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) telah banyak dilaporkan menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas dalam usaha produksi bunga potong krisan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan suhu rendah (5 ℃) dan antiviral ribavirin terhadap pertumbuhan dan pembebasan CSVd pada planlet krisan yang dikultur dari ujung tunas. Tanaman terinfeksi CSVd diperoleh dari kebun percobaan milik pemerintah di Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu 1) pengambilan sampel tanaman, 2) deteksi viroid dengan metode RT-PCR, 3) inisiasi eksplan dan perbanyakkan bahan tanaman secara in vitro, 4) perlakuan suhu rendah 5 ℃ dengan tiga taraf waktu inkubasi (1, 3, dan 5 bulan), 5) perlakuan antiviral ribavirin dengan tiga taraf konsentrasi (25, 100, dan 125 ppm), dan 6) konfirmasi bahan tanaman bebas viroid dengan RT-PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan suhu rendah dan perlakuan ribavirin menurunkan laju pertambahan tinggi tunas dan jumlah daun. Sampai pada konsentrasi 125 ppm, walaupun menurunkan laju pertumbuhan tunas dan jumlah daun, ribavirin tidak menimbulkan toksisitas terhadap tanaman. Akan tetapi, kombinasi perlakuan suhu rendah (1, 3, dan 5 bulan) dengan ribavirin (25, 100, dan 125 ppm) belum mampu mengeliminasi CSVd dari jaringan pada semua taraf perlakuan.
ERAS pada Bedah Jantung Koreksi Katup Mitral: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Santoso Antonius Budi , Hadinata Yudi
Published: October 2023

Latar Belakang: Enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery (ERAS-CS) merupakan manajemen perioperatif pada bedah jantung dengan pendekatan multidisiplin dan multifaktorial yang bertujuan mempercepat pemulihan dan mobilisasi, meminimalkan efek samping ventilator mekanik, mual muntah dan nyeri pascabedah, serta mengurangi lama rawat intensif dan biaya perawatan rumah sakit. Anestesi fast track merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari ERAS-CS.Kasus: Wanita, 16 tahun, dengan regurgitasi katup mitral berat dan katup trikuspid sedang, dilakukan bedah jantung mitral dengan annuloplasty. Informed consent, puasa enam jam, dan pemberian air putih manis dua jam sebelum pembedahan dilakukan sebagai persiapan anestesia. Induksi, intubasi, pemasangan akses vena sentral dan monitor hemodinamik invasif, serta blok interkostal parasternal dilakukan sebelum insisi kulit. Pembedahan berlangsung selama 180 menit dengan waktu cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) 61 menit dan waktu klem silang aorta 35 menit. Hemodinamik stabil dengan analgetik fentanyl 2 mcg/kgBB saat induksi dan morfin 20 mcg/kgBB/jam selama pembedahan. Pemeriksaan transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) menunjukkan kontraktilitas baik tanpa disertai residual pascakoreksi. Ekstubasi dilakukan setelah penutupan luka operasi. Kesadaran penuh dan mobilisasi bebas dengan visual analogue scale (VAS) 0-1 didapatkan dalam dua jam pertama perawatan intensif.Pembahasan: Tatalaksana ERAS-CS terdiri dari manajemen prabedah, pembedahan, dan pascabedah. Edukasi saat evaluasi praanestesi dilakukan untuk mengurangi kecemasan dan peningkatan ambang nyeri. Pembatasan puasa dan pemberian cairan jernih manis dua jam sebelum pembedahan dilakukan untuk mengurangsi risiko starvasi, resistensi insulin, dan hiperglikemik. Teknik blok saraf tepi interkostal dapat bermanfaat dalam mengurangi kebutuhan opioid. Ekstubasi ultra fast-track dilakukan secara terarah untuk mengurangsi risiko komplikasi dan mempercepat mobilisasi pascabedah. Pemulihan kesadaran secara cepat tanpa nyeri dan mual muntah pascabedah (PONV) didapatkan selama perawatan intensif.Kesimpulan: Penerapan ERAS-CS secara tepat dapat memberikan pemulihan cepat serta mampu mengurangi komplikasi dan lama rawat intensif pascabedah.
Effect of tab shape, length, and placement on the over-expanded free jet at Mach 2.0
Authors: Lavala Srinivasa Rao , Mondal Partha , Das Sudip
Published: October 2023

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the over expanded free jet at Mach number 2.0 without and with tabs of different cross-sectional shapes, tab length penetration into the jet core defined as blockage ratio, and symmetrical and asymmetrical placement of tabs at the jet exit. The cross-sectional shapes such as triangular, square, and circular have been studied with the penetration depth of 3 %, 7 %, and 11 % blockage. The Pitot tube and Schlieren flow visualization were carried out in experiments. The basic features of the jet with Mach disk, shock cell, and its distortion with the adoption of tabs at various nozzle pressure ratios indicate a definite influence that helps in the reduction of the core jet length. This characteristic is also influenced by changes in tab cross-section and length of penetration. Since the basic jet has three-dimensional structures, the asymmetric placement of tabs is beneficial compared to the symmetric orientation of tabs. The jet width increases with adoption of these tabs and different shapes. Whereas, a maximum core jet length reduction of the order of 60 % could be achieved using the present techniques.
Seven Ways of Constructing Knowledge through Cooperative Learning
Authors: Arató Ferenc
Published: October 2023

This article presents seven ways to construct knowledge through cooperative learning. The first part of the article provides a comprehensive examination of how deeply constructivist and cooperative learning discourses are interconnected and have interfaced with each other over the last five decades. The article highlights how the two concepts have influenced each other and how their combination can lead to a more effective learning experience. The second part of the article is devoted to explaining the seven ways of constructing knowledge in cooperative learning settings. Each of the seven ways - interactive, positively interdependent, synergic, synoptic, multicontextual, interferential, and action-based - is discussed in detail, with specific examples provided to illustrate how each approach works in practice. The overall aim of the article is to assist educators and researchers in understanding the various cooperative learning approaches and their potential benefits in constructing knowledge. The article emphasizes the importance of adopting simple cooperative approaches for efficient knowledge construction, and the importance of educators and researchers adapting these approaches to meet the needs of their students.
Modeling tools for improving energy efficiency of water drainage complexes at iron ore underground mines
Authors: Sinchuk Ihor O. , Somochkyn Albert B. , Budnikov Kyrylo V. , Somochkyna Svitlana V. , Baranovskyi Vladyslav D. , Danilin Oleksandr V.
Published: October 2023

The natural presence of water in underground mining processes creates significant difficulties and requires constant water drainage, i.e. pumping water to the day surface into special reservoirs. The so-called main drainage complexesare used for perform-ing these operations. Mine water drainage is an energy-consuming process. Therefore, the need to reduce energy intensity of water drainage complexes is a relevant task, which is so far unsolved to a level that is fully adequate. To solve the above-mentioned prob-lem on a systemic basis, it is of primary importance to assesstools of improving energy efficiency of water drainage complexes ac-cording to their efficiency levels. It is vital for further formatting the scientific search for options that possess sufficient efficiency. For such technology-intensive types of consumers as underground mines, modeling of power consumption is an effective and afford-able method of obtaining preventive results, which are close to real-life conditions. Of course, the level of adequacy of the modeling results obtained depends on compliance of input parameters of a model with real values. Such a model of the electric power system as a complex of groundwater drainage to the day surface can be used as a supporting option for modeling in order to get the required results for both developing energy-efficient control measures for drive electromechanical complexes and designing an effective struc-ture of the entire drainage complex. It is in this perspective that the research methodology is built, the results of which are outlined in the article.Modeling the levels of efficiency in the use of some modern trends in improving the operation of drainage complexes of iron ore underground production made it possible to rank them according to the levels of implementation, starting with the use of controlled electric drives and ending with the optimization of their operating modes.
General Anesthesia, Cognition, and Neurological Comorbidities
Authors: Jung Nho Moon
Published: October 2023

General anesthesia is a frequently employed medical intervention that facilitates the induction of a temporary state of unconsciousness, hence facilitating the execution of surgical procedures in patients. Nevertheless, the cognitive capabilities of patients with neurological comorbidities, such as epilepsy or dementia, may be a subject of worry when contemplating the impact of general anesthesia. Studies have indicated that individuals who have pre-existing neurological diseases may encounter negative consequences on their brain function when exposed to anesthesia. These consequences can manifest as a reduction in cognitive abilities or a worsening of their current coexisting medical conditions. Hence, it is imperative for healthcare practitioners to thoroughly assess the potential advantages and disadvantages of general anesthesia in individuals with neurological comorbidities. This evaluation should encompass exploring alternative methodologies or tailoring anesthetic management strategies to mitigate potential complications and enhance patients’ overall results.
Segar con barro. Las hoces en la antigua Mesopotamia
Authors: García-Municio Ezequiel Ignacio
Published: October 2023

RESUMEN

El cazador recolector se dio cuenta que necesitaba nuevos útiles. Los avances fueron lentos y tuvieron lugar durante centenares de años. La prueba y error en algunas herramientas permitiría decantarse por aquellas que dieran mejor resultado. Uno de los primeros instrumentos fueron las hoces para recolectar las semillas salvajes.  La fabricación se ajustó en cada lugar al material disponible y es posible que tuvieran una construcción diferente según la zona. Mesopotamia fue uno de los lugares donde se produjo este avance. En esta zona el material más abundante era el barro. Por documentación académica y por restos arqueológicos conocemos que se fabricaron hoces con este material. En este trabajo experimental se fabricará y comprobará el rendimiento de estas primeras hoces.

PALABRAS CLAVES: Mesopotamia, hoces, barro
Evaluación de la Educación Infantil en Brasil: Trayectoria y Tendencias
Authors: Garcia Elisabete de Oliveira , Calderón Adolfo Ignácio , Rios Monica Piccione Gomes , Borges Regilson Maciel
Published: October 2023

El objetivo de este artículo fue estudiar el surgimiento y las principales tendencias de la evaluación de la Educación Infantil como campo de estudios emergente en Brasil, destacando su trayectoria desde la década de 1990 hasta el año 2021. Se trata de un estudio de carácter exploratorio, mediante análisis documental y revisión bibliográfica, tomando como referencia la producción científica, así como la legislación brasileña. Como resultado, se observa un cambio en las preocupaciones de los investigadores que, si al principio de los estudios sobre el tema revelaron resistencia debido al temor de que la evaluación fuera utilizada como instrumento para medir el desarrollo infantil, las nuevas investigaciones revelan que la principal preocupación entre los investigadores gira en torno a lo que debe ser evaluado: el desarrollo del niño o las condiciones de la oferta educativa.
Carbon emissions trading potential of Turkiye's forest
Authors: Yıldızbaş Nilay Tulukcu , Hernández Hülya Kılıç , Yıldırım Hülya , Güneş Yusuf
Published: October 2023

The current study emphasizes the inherent shortcomings of laws and policy approaches that are based on the premise that by increasing wood production, much more emission credits can be achieved by using wood in alternative uses. The article aims to exploit the financing of emission reductions, discuss how carbon sinks held in forest resources can be activated, traded, and financed, and explain how Turkiye’s forest carbon potential can be exploited. To make a comparative analysis of the situation of Turkiye at global level, Russian’s potential for carbon sequestration and its trade have been dealt with as a comparison by following quantitative research methodology. In this research, the calculation method has been used to determine the number of houses that are likely to be built in rural areas using wood materials, e.g., the construction of 100,000 houses with a construction area of 100 m2 per year. Consequently, the forest carbon generated by alternative scenarios contributes positively to the emission balance sheet, as well as climate change mitigation through carbon emission trade despite all legal and technical constraints. Although both countries have similar shortcomings of obtaining carbon credits and its trade, of course Russia has a promising situation in comparison with Turkiye with respect to the amount of carbon sequestered and the likelihood of its trade potential at global level.
Influence of growth ring number and width on elastic constants of poplar
Authors: Aydın Murat , Aydın Tuğba Yılmaz
Published: October 2023

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth ring number (specimens including 2, 4, and 6 rings from the bark) and growth ring width on elastic constants in the radial direction of Populus x canadensis, which has not been revealed before. The longitudinal (2.25 MHz) and transverse (1 MHz) ultrasonic waves were propagated to calculate the longitudinal (VRR) and shear (VRL, VLR, VTR, and VRT) wave velocities and used to determine the elasticity modulus (ER), and shear moduli (GRL and GRT). The average growth ring widths of specimens including 2, 4, and 6 rings were 17.0 mm, 17.8 mm, and 18.2 mm, respectively. According to the results, only VRL steadily increased with increased ring number, while other velocities fluctuated. The same fluctuations were observed for moduli except for GLR, which constantly increased with ring number. The influence of ring number on velocity was statistically significant only for VRL and VRT. However, all moduli were significantly affected by ring number. Linear regression statistics revealed that there were significant relations between the ring width and density, VRL, VLR, VRT, GRL, and GRT.
Characterization of the properties of Buluh Madu (Gigantochloa albociliata)
Authors: Kasdi Siti Asiyah , Lee Seng Hua , Md. Tahir Paridah , al-Edrus Syeed Saifulazry Osman , Salim Sabiha , Abd Ghani Muhammad Aizat , Bakar Balkis Fatomer A. , Lum Wei Chen , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2023

Thirteen bamboo species are reported to be in commercial use in Malaysia. However, Buluh madu (Gigantochloa albociliata) did not make to the list. As a species, G. albociliata is cultivated for its delicious bamboo shoot and is demonstrated to possess great potential to produce commercialised products such as laminated bamboo panel. Unlike common bamboo, which has hollow cylindrical culms, G. albociliata has thick culms at the base, with smaller hollow cavities at the top portion. Therefore, it can be easily converted into high-thickness strips, thus improving the processing efficiency of laminated bamboo. To validate this theory, the anatomical, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of G. albociliata were evaluated. The round bamboo and strips from the top and bottom sections of the bamboo stem were tested. It was found that G. albociliata has a vascular bundle type similar to that of the Gigantochloa genus bamboo. The fibre in G. albociliata is long and strong. The top section of bamboo has longer fibres, a higher density, and a higher specific gravity than the bottom section. As a result, bamboo from the top section has greater bending strength than bamboo from the bottom section. The G. albociliata species was discovered to have high mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and good wettability, making it an ideal material for laminated products.
Preparation and physicochemical properties of biochar from the pyrolysis of pruning waste of typical fruit tree in north China
Authors: Liu Xuelei , Ren Xueyong , Dong Jiangchuan , Wang Bowei , Gao Jianli , Wang Ruijiang , Yao Jingjing , Cao Wenbo
Published: October 2023

Routine maintenance of fruit trees generates a substantial quantity of pruning waste each year. This waste is potential feedstock for producing energy, materials, and other products. The feasibility of making biochar from the waste via pyrolysis was evaluated. The effects of seven tree species, different pruning sites, and temperature on the pyrolysis process, and the physicochemical properties of the biochar were studied. Pyrolysis of different tree species at 500 °C yielded 27.5 to 33.3% biochar, with a high calorific value (approximately 30 MJ/kg), low ash content (approximately 4%), and capturing up to 60% of the carbon element present. Simultaneously, when the temperature was increased from 400 to 700 °C, the yield of biochar decreased from 35.8% to 24.3%, but the properties improved with the higher heating value rising from 29.2 to 31.3 MJ/kg and the iodine value from 234 to 252 mg/g. The biochar has a good pore structure with a specific surface area of 237 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.175 cm3/g, and average pore size of 2.96 nm. In general, biochar from the pyrolysis of fruitwood pruning waste generated here could be an ideal feedstock to produce high-value-added products, such as solid fuels, activated carbon, and electrode materials.