bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factor structure of academic resilience among Polish and Ukrainian students involved in remote education caused by Covid-19 and military aggression
Authors: Matusevych Tetiana , Demeshkant Nataliia , Trusz Sławomir
Published: January 2024

Academic resilience explains how students overcome various challenges or negative experiences that can hinder the learning process. The COVID pandemic as well as war conflicts might be significant factors affecting the structure of the academic resilience of students. This study attempted to assess the extent to which the Cassidy’s construct of resilience can be used to interpret the behavior of other—Polish and Ukrainian samples, under remote education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and Russian military aggression against the Ukrainian civils. Second, the relationships between resilience and students' self-efficacy were estimated. To test the factor structure of the resilience exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Assumed structure reproduced to a greater extent among Polish (83.4% similarity) than in Ukrainian respondents (from 27 to 40%) and it was three or two factors for Polish and Ukrainian students, respectively. General self-efficacy positively correlated with resilience both among Polish and Ukrainian respondents confirming the concurrent validity of the scale. The discovered differences were explained by differences in the historical and sociocultural experiences of the two nations. If among Ukrainian students historical and social experiences actually lead to the formation of a pattern of Perseverance in Overcoming Problems, then in the factor analysis, this pattern should be reproduced in the form of a single factor. At the same time, experiences with negative emotions should give a second-factor Negative affect and emotional response. The results obtained confirmed this assumption.
Migraine is associated with the development of adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide, population-based study
Authors: Lee Chan Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Lee Hyun Jung , Yu Hosun , Kim Seulji , Choi Kookhwan , Koh Seong-Joon , Im Jong Pil , Kim Joo Sung
Published: January 2024

It has been reported that migraine is more common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in general. However, the impact of migraine on the development of IBD has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the association between migraine and the development of IBD. This nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. A total of 10,628,070 people aged 20 years or older who had undergone a national health examination conducted by the NHIS in 2009 were followed up until 2017. The study population was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of migraine. We analyzed the incidence of newly developed IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) during the follow-up period. The incidence of IBD was significantly higher in patients with migraine (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] with 95% confidence interval [95%CI] of 1.31 [1.173–1.468], p < 0.001), CD (aHR with 95%CI of 1.58 [1.237–2.013], p < 0.001) and UC (aHR with 95%CI of 1.26 [1.106–1.424], p < 0.001) than in those without migraine. After 5 years of follow-up, those with migraine showed curves implying cumulative incidences of IBD with a steep increase, especially for CD. In subgroup analysis, migraine was associated with the risk of UC in males (aHR, 1.431 vs. 1.117; interaction p = 0.042). Migraine is significantly associated with the development of IBD. Patients with migraine should be monitored carefully for the development of IBD.
Molecular cloning, subcellular localization, and rapid recruitment to DNA damage sites of chicken Ku70
Authors: Koike Manabu , Yamashita Hideji , Yutoku Yasutomo , Koike Aki
Published: January 2024

Ku70 is a multifunctional protein with pivotal roles in DNA repair via non-homologous end-joining, V(D)J recombination, telomere maintenance, and neuronal apoptosis control. Nonetheless, its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Chicken Ku70 (GdKu70) cDNA has been previously cloned, and DT40 cells expressing it have significantly contributed to critical biological discoveries. GdKu70 features an additional 18 amino acids at its N-terminus compared to mammalian Ku70, the biological significance of which remains uncertain. Here, we show that the 5′ flanking sequence of GdKu70 cDNA is not nearly encoded in the chicken genome. Notably, these 18 amino acids result from fusion events involving the NFE2L1 gene on chromosome 27 and the Ku70 gene on chromosome 1. Through experiments using newly cloned chicken Ku70 cDNA and specific antibodies, we demonstrated that Ku70 localizes within the cell nucleus as a heterodimer with Ku80 and promptly accumulates at DNA damage sites following injury. This suggests that the functions and spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms of Ku70 in chickens closely resemble those in mammals. The insights and resources acquired will contribute to elucidate the various mechanisms by which Ku functions. Meanwhile, caution is advised when interpreting the previous numerous key studies that relied on GdKu70 cDNA and its expressing cells.
Prediction of properties of boron $$\alpha$$-icosahedral nanosheet by bond-addictive $${\mathbb {M}}$$-polynomial
Authors: Xavier D. Antony , Julietraja K. , Alsinai Ammar , Akhila S.
Published: January 2024

Nanosheets with boron elements have excellent characteristics which makes the boron polymorphs unique and super hard. A boron $$\alpha$$
α
-icosahedral nanosheet in crystalline form has superconductivity and thermal electronic properties. In theoretical chemistry and QSPR/QSAR study, a topological descriptor is an important analytical tool. It helps to analyse the structure and its properties and also correlates the with numerical expressions. The valence-based M-polynomial provides quantitative measures of molecular properties based on their geometric, electrostatic, and quantum chemical characteristics. In this article, the QSPR/QSAR analysis is performed for this nanosheet and the analytical expressions are validated with original synthesized data, and received excellent correlation values of 0.9835 and 0.9932. The mathematical expression of the structure is analysed and the indices are compared graphically and numerically.
Lower body negative pressure identifies altered central vein characteristics without accompanying changes to baroreflexes in astronauts within hours of landing
Authors: Mastrandrea C. J. , Greaves D. K. , Shoemaker J. K. , Blaber A. P. , Arbeille P. , Hughson R. L.
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular deconditioning and altered baroreflexes predispose returning astronauts to Orthostatic Intolerance. We assessed 7 astronauts (1 female) before and following long-duration spaceflight (146 ± 43 days) with minimal upright posture prior to testing. We applied lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of up to − 30 mmHg to supine astronauts instrumented for continual synchronous measurements of cardiovascular variables, and intermittent imaging the Portal Vein (PV) and Inferior Vena Cava (IVC). During supine rest without LBNP, postflight elevations to total peripheral resistance (TPR; 15.8 ± 4.6 vs. 20.8 ± 7.1 mmHg min/l, p < 0.05) and reductions in stroke volume (SV; 104.4 ± 16.7 vs. 87.4 ± 11.5 ml, p < 0.05) were unaccompanied by changes to heart rate (HR) or estimated central venous pressure (CVP). Small increases to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were not statistically significant. Autoregressive moving average modelling (ARMA) during LBNP did not identify differences to either arterial (DBP → TPR and SBP → HR) or cardiopulmonary (CVP → TPR) baroreflexes consistent with intact cardiovascular control. On the other hand, IVC and PV diameter-CVP relationships during LBNP revealed smaller diameter for a given CVP postflight consistent with altered postflight venous wall dynamics.
Early involvement of peripherally derived monocytes in inflammation in an NMO-like mouse model
Authors: Kim Moonhang , Kim Won Seok , Cha Hyeuk , Kim Boram , Kwon Young Nam , Kim Sung Min
Published: January 2024

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord within the central nervous system (CNS). Acute astrocyte injury caused by autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (NMO-IgG) is a well-established key factor in the pathogenesis, ultimately leading to neuronal damage and patient disability. In addition to these humoral immune processes, numerous innate immune cells were found in the acute lesions of NMO patients. However, the origin and function of these innate immune cells remain unclear in NMO pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the origin and functions of these innate immune cells in an NMO-like mouse model and evaluate their role in the pathophysiology of NMO. The expression of Tmem119 on Iba1 + cells in brain tissue disappeared immediately after the injection of NMO-IgG + human complement mixture, while the expression of P2ry12 remained well-maintained at 1 day after injection. Based on these observations, it was demonstrated that monocytes infiltrate the brain during the early stages of the pathological process and are closely associated with the inflammatory response through the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Understanding the variations in the expression patterns of P2ry12, Tmem119, and other markers could be helpful in distinguishing between these cell types and further analyzing their functions. Therefore, this research may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms and potential treatments for NMO.
Measurement accuracy of the acetabular cup position using an inertial portable hip navigation system with patients in the lateral decubitus position
Authors: Tanino Hiromasa , Mitsutake Ryo , Ito Hiroshi
Published: January 2024

Accurate cup placement is critical to ensure satisfactory outcomes after total hip arthroplasty. Portable hip navigation systems are novel intraoperative guidance tools that achieve accurate cup placement in the supine position; however, accuracy in the lateral decubitus position is under debate. A new inertial portable navigation system has recently become available. The present study investigated the accuracy of measurements of the cup position in 54 patients in the lateral decubitus position using this system and compared it with that by a goniometer. After cup placement, cup abduction and anteversion were measured using the system and by the goniometer, and were then compared with postoperatively measured angles. Absolute measurement errors with the system were 2.8° ± 2.6° for cup abduction and 3.9° ± 2.9° for anteversion. The system achieved 98 and 96% measurement accuracies within 10° for cup abduction and anteversion, respectively. The system was more accurate than the goniometer for cup anteversion (p < 0.001), but not for abduction (p = 0.537). The system uses a new registration method of the pelvic reference plane and corrects intraoperative pelvic motion errors, which may affect measurement accuracy. In the present study, reliable and reproducible intraoperative measurements of the cup position were obtained using the inertial portable navigation system.
Support from parents, teachers, and peers and the moderation of subjective and objective stress of secondary school student
Authors: Hoferichter Frances , Lohilahti Jonne , Hufenbach Miriam , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Hageman Geja , Raufelder Diana
Published: January 2024

During adolescence, students increasingly report suffering from stress and school burnout, which poses a risk to students’ healthy development. However, social support may counteract perceived stress according to the Buffering Hypothesis and the Conservation of Resources Theory. In search of factors that would support healthy student development, studies have primarily focused on self-report data and neglected biophysiological processes. Addressing this research desideratum, this study examined whether perceived social support buffers the interplay of self-reported stress considering biophysiological markers (i.e., cortisol, alpha-amylase, oxidative stress, and telomere length). 83 secondary school students (Mage = 13.72, SD = 0.67; 48% girls) from Germany participated in a questionnaire study and biophysiological testing. Moderation analyses in R revealed that support from parents moderated the relationships between psychological stress as well as cynicism and inadequacy at school linked to alpha-amylase.
Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor
Authors: Esfandiaribayat Milad , Binazadeh Mojtaba , Sabbaghi Samad , Mohammadi Milad , Ghaedi Samaneh , Rajabi Hamid
Published: January 2024

In this study, a split-type photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), incorporating suspended graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as photocatalyst and a layered polymeric composite (using polyamide, polyethersulfone and polysulfone polymers) as a membrane was fabricated to remove tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions as the world's second most used and discharged antibiotic in wastewater. The photocatalyst was synthesised from melamine by ultrasonic-assisted thermal polymerisation method and, along with the membrane, was characterised using various methods, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The PMR process was optimised, using Design-Expert software for tetracycline removal in terms of UV irradiation time, pH, photocatalyst loading, tetracycline concentration, and membrane separation iteration. It was revealed that a membrane-integrated reactor as a sustainable system could effectively produce clean water by simultaneous removal of tetracycline and photocatalyst from aqueous solution. The maximum removal of 94.8% was obtained at the tetracycline concentration of 22.16 ppm, pH of 9.78 with 0.56 g/L of photocatalyst in the irradiation time of 113.77 min after six times of passing membrane. The PMR system showed reasonable reusability by about a 25.8% drop in TC removal efficiency after seven cycles at optimal conditions. The outcomes demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed PMR system in tetracycline removal from water and suggest that it can be scaled as an effective approach for a sustainable supply of antibiotic-free clean water.
Prediction of BiS2-type pnictogen dichalcogenide monolayers for optoelectronics
Authors: Mella José D. , Nalabothula Muralidhar , Muñoz Francisco , Rabe Karin M. , Wirtz Ludger , Singh Sobhit , Romero Aldo H.
Published: January 2024

In this work, we introduce a 2D materials family with chemical formula MX2 (M={As, Sb, Bi} and X={S, Se, Te}) having a rectangular 2D lattice. This materials family has been predicted by systematic ab-initio structure search calculations in two dimensions. Using density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory, we study the structural, vibrational, electronic, optical, and excitonic properties of the predicted MX2 family. Our calculations reveal that the predicted SbX2 and BiX2 monolayers are stable while the AsX2 layers exhibit an in-plane ferroelectric instability. All materials display strong excitonic effects and good optical absorption within the infrared-to-visible range. Hence, these monolayers can harvest solar energy and serve in optoelectronics applications. Furthermore, our results indicate that exfoliation of the predicted MX2 monolayers from their bulk counterparts is experimentally viable.
Pushed to extremes: distinct effects of high temperature versus pressure on the structure of STEP
Authors: Guerrero Liliana , Ebrahim Ali , Riley Blake T. , Kim Minyoung , Huang Qingqiu , Finke Aaron D. , Keedy Daniel A.
Published: January 2024

Protein function hinges on small shifts of three-dimensional structure. Elevating temperature or pressure may provide experimentally accessible insights into such shifts, but the effects of these distinct perturbations on protein structures have not been compared in atomic detail. To quantitatively explore these two axes, we report the first pair of structures at physiological temperature versus. high pressure for the same protein, STEP (PTPN5). We show that these perturbations have distinct and surprising effects on protein volume, patterns of ordered solvent, and local backbone and side-chain conformations. This includes interactions between key catalytic loops only at physiological temperature, and a distinct conformational ensemble for another active-site loop only at high pressure. Strikingly, in torsional space, physiological temperature shifts STEP toward previously reported active-like states, while high pressure shifts it toward a previously uncharted region. Altogether, our work indicates that temperature and pressure are complementary, powerful, fundamental macromolecular perturbations.
Benefits, costs and enabling conditions to achieve ‘water for all’ in rural and remote Australia
Authors: Manero Ana , Adamowicz Wiktor , Akter Sonia , Spencer-Cotton Alaya , Coombes Peter J. , Wyrwoll Paul , Horne James , Lansbury Nina , Creamer Sandra , Taylor Katherine Selena , Fanaian Safa , Grafton R. Quentin
Published: January 2024

Australia will not meet Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1, to “achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all” by 2030, unless water service provision is improved to hundreds of small (less than 10,000 residents), rural and remote (SRR) communities. We have estimated the national benefits of a programme to upgrade drinking water services to ensure ‘good quality’ for 395 Australian SRR communities using a stated preference survey of 3,523 participants reflective of the Australian population. Using multiple model estimates, we calculated the willingness to pay at between AU$324 and AU$847 per Australian household per year for 10 years. Aggregating across the relevant Australian population, we calculated the aggregate willingness to pay for water quality improvements at AU$1.2–4.7 billion yr−1, or AU$8.3–33.2 billion as a 10-year net present value. We further estimated the capital and operating costs to provide ‘good-quality’ drinking water in the 395 SRR communities under three scenarios; the costs range from AU$0.51 to AU$3.29 million per community and, in total, from AU$0.2 billion to AU$1.3 billion.
Ana1/CEP295 is an essential player in the centrosome maintenance program regulated by Polo kinase and the PCM
Authors: Pimenta-Marques Ana , Perestrelo Tania , Reis-Rodrigues Patricia , Duarte Paulo , Ferreira-Silva Ana , Lince-Faria Mariana , Bettencourt-Dias Mónica
Published: January 2024

Centrioles are part of centrosomes and cilia, which are microtubule organising centres (MTOC) with diverse functions. Despite their stability, centrioles can disappear during differentiation, such as in oocytes, but little is known about the regulation of their structural integrity. Our previous research revealed that the pericentriolar material (PCM) that surrounds centrioles and its recruiter, Polo kinase, are downregulated in oogenesis and sufficient for maintaining both centrosome structural integrity and MTOC activity. We now show that the expression of specific components of the centriole cartwheel and wall, including ANA1/CEP295, is essential for maintaining centrosome integrity. We find that Polo kinase requires ANA1 to promote centriole stability in cultured cells and eggs. In addition, ANA1 expression prevents the loss of centrioles observed upon PCM-downregulation. However, the centrioles maintained by overexpressing and tethering ANA1 are inactive, unlike the MTOCs observed upon tethering Polo kinase. These findings demonstrate that several centriole components are needed to maintain centrosome structure. Our study also highlights that centrioles are more dynamic than previously believed, with their structural stability relying on the continuous expression of multiple components.
Immunosurveillance encounters cancer metabolism
Authors: Chuang Yu-Ming , Tzeng Sheue-Fen , Ho Ping-Chih , Tsai Chin-Hsien
Published: January 2024

Tumor cells reprogram nutrient acquisition and metabolic pathways to meet their energetic, biosynthetic, and redox demands. Similarly, metabolic processes in immune cells support host immunity against cancer and determine differentiation and fate of leukocytes. Thus, metabolic deregulation and imbalance in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment have been reported to drive immune evasion and to compromise therapeutic outcomes. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that anti-tumor immunity could modulate tumor heterogeneity, aggressiveness, and metabolic reprogramming, suggesting that immunosurveillance can instruct cancer progression in multiple dimensions. This review summarizes our current understanding of how metabolic crosstalk within tumors affects immunogenicity of tumor cells and promotes cancer progression. Furthermore, we explain how defects in the metabolic cascade can contribute to developing dysfunctional immune responses against cancers and discuss the contribution of immunosurveillance to these defects as a feedback mechanism. Finally, we highlight ongoing clinical trials and new therapeutic strategies targeting cellular metabolism in cancer.
Basal MET phosphorylation is an indicator of hepatocyte dysregulation in liver disease
Authors: Burbano de Lara Sebastian , Kemmer Svenja , Biermayer Ina , Feiler Svenja , Vlasov Artyom , D’Alessandro Lorenza A , Helm Barbara , Mölders Christina , Dieter Yannik , Ghallab Ahmed , Hengstler Jan G , Körner Christiane , Matz-Soja Madlen , Götz Christina , Damm Georg , Hoffmann Katrin , Seehofer Daniel , Berg Thomas , Schilling Marcel , Timmer Jens , Klingmüller Ursula
Published: January 2024

Chronic liver diseases are worldwide on the rise. Due to the rapidly increasing incidence, in particular in Western countries, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is gaining importance as the disease can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes has been identified as the characteristic structural change in MASLD development, but molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression remained unresolved. Here, we uncover in primary hepatocytes from a preclinical model fed with a Western diet (WD) an increased basal MET phosphorylation and a strong downregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Dynamic pathway modeling of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signal transduction combined with global proteomics identifies that an elevated basal MET phosphorylation rate is the main driver of altered signaling leading to increased proliferation of WD-hepatocytes. Model-adaptation to patient-derived hepatocytes reveal patient-specific variability in basal MET phosphorylation, which correlates with patient outcome after liver surgery. Thus, dysregulated basal MET phosphorylation could be an indicator for the health status of the liver and thereby inform on the risk of a patient to suffer from liver failure after surgery.
Facile preparation of nitrogen/titanium-rich porous organic polymers for specific enrichment ofN-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Zhang Xiaoya , Yan Yinghua , Xuan Rongrong
Published: January 2024

This work introduces the simultaneous analysis ofN-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides in human serum by using nitrogen/titanium-rich porous organic polymers.
An outlier removal method based on PCA-DBSCAN for blood-SERS data analysis
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Wang Tingyin , Zhang Qiyi , Pan Changbin , Liu Shuhang , Chen Yuanmei , Lin Duo , Feng Shangyuan
Published: January 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has shown promising potential in cancer screening.
Triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids as emerging ligands to modulate structure and function of complex RNAs
Authors: Katkevics Martins , MacKay James A. , Rozners Eriks
Published: January 2024

Over the last three decades, triplex-forming PNAs have emerged as ligands for the recognition of double-stranded RNA. Strong and sequence selective binding using synthetic nucleobases offers opportunity for modulation of biological function of endogenous RNA transcripts.
CAMDOL-enabled diastereoselective synthesis of α-substituted phosphonates
Authors: Huang Yu , Zhang Yulong , Pan Li , Wu Qian , Li Ning , Shi Enxue , Xiao Junhua
Published: January 2024

Development of a highly diastereoselective synthetic approach to α-substituted phosphonates via CAMDOL-derived P-substrates by sequential deprotonation with LiHMDS and alkylation/arylation with RI to afford a range of structurally diverse products in up to 92% yields and 99 : 1 d.r.
Dioxygen–halogen bonding exemplified by crystalline peroxosolvates of N,N′-bis(haloacetyl) bispidines
Authors: Medvedev Alexander G. , Medved’ko Aleksei V. , Vener Mikhail V. , Churakov Andrei V. , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Vatsadze Sergey Z.
Published: January 2024

This work explores the halogen bonding of dioxygen species and the significant role it plays in new structural patterns.
Efficient photocatalytic oxidation of CH4 over Ag-modified ZnO nanorods
Authors: Zhang Chunlai , Hao Yingdong , Wang Xingbo , Hu Deng , Sun Nannan , Wei Wei
Published: January 2024

ZnO nanorods were used to prepare nAg/r-ZnO photocatalysts with promoted carrier separation, and an excellent oxygenate (CH3OOH, CH3OH, and HCHO) yield of 15 551.60 μmol g−1 h−1 with a high selectivity of 98.46% were thus obtained during photooxidation of CH4.
Polyoxometalate/s-triazine hybrid heterostructures with ultrafast photochromic properties
Authors: Chen Yue-Chen , Di Yi-Ming , Zhang Shu-Quan , Lin Mei-Jin
Published: January 2024

Benefitting from the strong anion–π interactions and matching energy levels between the donors and acceptors, four hybrid heterostructures from protonated tri(4-pyridyl)-s-triazines and POM anions exhibited ultrafast photochromic behaviours.
Proton transfer mediator for boosting the current density of biomass electrooxidation to the ampere level
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Wang Shao , Wei Chenyang , Chen Lan , Xue Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: January 2024

Phosphate can be employed as a hydrogen transfer mediator to accelerate the PCET process of HMF dehydrogenation, and Ru, as a high valence metal, can reduce the band gap and improve the charge transfer efficiency.
Characteristics and ecological risks of microplastic pollution in a tropical drinking water source reservoir in Hainan province, China
Authors: Mo Ling , Fu Hongyu , Lu Qiyuan , Chen Sifan , Liu Ruijuan , Xiang Jun , Xing Qiao , Wang Licheng , Sun Kexin , Li Bowen , Zheng Jing
Published: January 2024

The overall abundance of microplastics in water was 3.05 ± 1.16 items per L and in sediment was 0.15 ± 0.06 items per g dw. The pollution load index and the potential ecological hazards of microplastics in most sites are at a low level.
Characterisation of the formation of halobenzoquinone disinfection by-products in typical water sources at different water quality stages
Authors: Pan Zhangbin , Yao Hengjun , Lin Ke , Liang Yulong , Song Wuchang , He Junwei , Du Zhenqi , Chu Wenhai , Jia Ruibao
Published: January 2024

As an emerging class of uncontrolled disinfection by-products, halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are 3 to 4 orders of magnitude more cytotoxic and genotoxic than regulated disinfection by-products.
Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for natural delivery across physiological barriers
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Yifang , Shen Si , Liu Yinyin , Xia Ying , Xia Hongmei , Xie Zili , Xu Yinxiang
Published: January 2024

A variety of biochemicals are present in edible plants, and plant extracellular vesicles, as emerging targeted delivery carriers, can penetrate various physiological barriers to exert potential therapeutic effects.
Enhancing safety in small confined spaces with thermally triggered fire-extinguishing microcapsules from microfluidics
Authors: Li Chen , Bian Hairui , Ding Dang , Huang Fangsheng , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2024

The microfluidic technique encapsulates perfluorohexanone for rapid fire extinguishing. Microcapsules quench flames larger than their size, extendable to two-dimensional patches, preventing fire spread.
Trifluoroacetic acid-mediated synthesis of xanthene constructs and their extensive anti-tuberculosis evaluation
Authors: Teli Bisma , Mubarak Mohamad Mosa , Ahmad Zahoor , Bhat Bilal A.
Published: January 2024

A diverse range of 9-substituted 1,8-dioxohexahydroxanthenes was conceptualized and synthesized through a TFA-mediated approach in near quantitative yields without the use of column chromatography.
Rational design of conductive metal–organic frameworks and aligned carbon nanofibers for enhancing the performance of flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Kim Dongyeon , Yun Tae Gwang , Lee Ji Hyun , Yoon Ki Ro , Kim Kyunghoon
Published: January 2024

Carbonaceous materials are attractive active materials for the manufacture of flexible electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) because of their high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and inherent resilience against deformation.
p–d Orbital hybrid Ni–Al NC catalyst withstanding potential variations in highly selective electro-reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Wang Linjie , Zhang Da , Luo Shaojuan , Xu Yong , Wu Chuande
Published: January 2024

The synthesized p–d hybrid Ni–Al NC catalyst can withstand potential changes in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO.
Structural and thermodynamic investigations of Zr(BH4)4 and Hf(BH4)4 between 280 K and their decomposition temperatures
Authors: Burkmann Konrad , Habermann Franziska , Schumann Erik , Kraus Jakob , Störr Bianca , Schmidt Horst , Brendler Erica , Seidel Jürgen , Bohmhammel Klaus , Kortus Jens , Mertens Florian
Published: January 2024

In this article thermodynamic data of Zr(BH4)4 and Hf(BH4)4 were determined and their decomposition behaviour was studied.
Biomolecules meet organic frameworks: from synthesis strategies to diverse applications
Authors: Li Jing , Li Chunyan , Zhao Zelong , Guo Yuxue , Chen Hongli , Liu Pai , Zhao Meiting , Guo Jun
Published: January 2024

This minireview concisely but comprehensively summarizes recent advances of bio-organic frameworks (BOFs) including their synthesis strategies and diverse applications.
Anin situexsolved Cu-based electrocatalyst from an intermetallic Cu5Si compound for efficient CH4electrosynthesis
Authors: Tao Huanhuan , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Min Shixiong
Published: January 2024

Anin situexsolved Cu-based electrocatalyst is developed and exhibits high activity and selectivity towards CH4production from the reduction of CO2in a flow cell.
4,9- and 4,10-Substituted pyrenes: synthesis, successful isolation, and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Tan Leibo , Zheng Xiuli , Shi Junqing , Qin Tianshi , Ji Lei
Published: January 2024

We report a way to prepare 4,9- and 4,10-substituted pyrenes, the optoelectronic properties of which are also well studied.
Ruthenium-catalysed direct C–H amidation of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with acyl/phosphoryl azides
Authors: Pan Chenhong , He Chun , Wang Jiangrong , Tang Junyang , Zhang Xingxian
Published: January 2024

A series of amidated and phosphoramidated pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by Ru-catalysed direct C–H amidation using azides as amino sources in a mild, efficient and highly site-selective manner.
BP23C7: high-yield synthesis and application in constructing [3]rotaxanes and responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes
Authors: Prakashni Manisha , Dasgupta Suvankar
Published: January 2024

Optimized synthesis of biphenyl-23-crown-7 ether (BP23C7) in high yield and [3]rotaxanes incorporating [23]crown ethers are reported. Anion-responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes have been obtained by threading anthracene stoppered half-axles through the cavity of BP23C7.
Divalent manganese stimulates the removal of nitrate by anaerobic sludge
Authors: Jiang Zhaojie , Huang Xuejiao , Wang Shuangfei , Xiong Jianhua , Xie Chunmin , Chen Yongli
Published: January 2024

The relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria PHOS-HE36 was positively correlated with NRR and Mn2+ concentration, suggesting that the addition of Mn2+ promoted the growth of PHOS-HE36, which in turn promoted NO3−–N removal.
Sliding friction of a pillar array interface: part I
Authors: Kaur Jasreen , Xiao Xuemei , Khripin Constantine , Hui Chung-Yuen , Jagota Anand
Published: January 2024

Optical image of the interface formed when two slightly misaligned pillar arrays are pressed into contact. Sliding is accommodated by motion of this pattern.
Magnetic and injectable Fe-doped liquid metals for controlled movement and photothermal/electromagnetic therapy
Authors: Cao Yingjie , Fan Linlin , Gao Jianye , Zhu Xiyu , Wu Bingjie , Wang Hongzhang , Wang Bo , Shi Jun , Liu Jing
Published: January 2024

In this work, the fabricated 5%Fe/LM is injectable and radiopaque, which allows to deliver smoothly through a syringe to the target tissues and then achieve clear imaging under CT for easily manageable photothermal or electromagnetic therapy.
Correction: The eutectic point in choline chloride and ethylene glycol mixtures
Authors: Hayler Hannah J. , Perkin Susan
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘The eutectic point in choline chloride and ethylene glycol mixtures’ by Hannah J. Hayler et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 12728–12731, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC04008E.
Utility of the Language Use Inventory in Young Children at Elevated Likelihood of Autism
Authors: Blume Jessica , Miller Meghan , O'Neill Daniela , Mastergeorge Ann M. , Ozonoff Sally
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The aims of this study were (a) to evaluate the convergent validity of the Language Use Inventory (LUI) with measures of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, language, and social skills and (b) to assess discriminant validity of the LUI with measures of nonlanguage skills, including daily living skills and motor development.

Method:

This study sample included participants from a longitudinal study (
n
= 239) of infant siblings with elevated familial likelihood of ASD and lower familial likelihood. Assessment measures completed at 36 months included the LUI, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–Second Edition (ADOS-2), the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Second Edition. Bivariate Pearson correlations were estimated between ADOS-2 comparison scores and four language and social skills measures. Additional correlations were estimated between LUI total scores and standard scores from nonlanguage measures. A series of Fisher's
Z
transformations were applied to evaluate whether bivariate correlations were significantly different.

Results:

All four language and social skill measures were moderately to strongly associated with each other and ASD symptom severity scores. The correlation between ADOS-2 comparison scores and LUI total scores was significantly stronger than ADOS-2 correlations with all other measures.

Conclusions:

Our findings provide support for the LUI as a feasible, pragmatic language–targeted instrument for inclusion in early developmental evaluations prompted by language concerns. Administration of the LUI may accelerate earlier referral for a comprehensive assessment of ASD symptoms. Given the high correlation with ADOS-2 scores, an LUI total score in a clinical range of concern may encourage a clinician to refer families for a full diagnostic evaluation of ASD.
Court Accommodations for People With Aphasia (1915–2021)
Authors: Sherratt Sue
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Ensuring effective access to justice for persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others may include the provision of reasonable and appropriate accommodations or modifications to the court process. The major barriers facing people with aphasia when accessing court may be more about accessing information about the law and the communication and language barriers while interacting with the court and judicial personnel. This study aims to determine what accommodations to the court process are reported when people with aphasia access the U.S. court system.

Method:

Using the LexisNexis and Google Scholar case law databases, a systematic review of all U.S. court cases (1915–2021) documenting aphasia/dysphasia revealed 1,295 case reports, excluding duplicates. After elimination for exclusion criteria, 389 were searched for accommodation/modification, resulting in a total of 15 cases being identified. Data software was used to identify aphasia description, health professionals, and accommodations provided. Quantitative descriptive statistics are provided and exemplified with quotes.

Results:

Accommodations to allow greater participation for people with aphasia were rarely permitted. Analysis revealed limited descriptions of aphasia and demonstrated that the court, the judge, or psychologists determined modifications with no speech-language pathology input. Accommodations reported related to modifications to the court proceedings, questioning, alternative responses, presence of a support person, and preparation for the trial.

Conclusions:

People with aphasia are at continued risk of being unable to access and participate in the court system without appropriate accommodations. Based on these findings and disability literature, a preliminary provisional list of accommodations and modifications relevant to people with aphasia is presented. The aim of this list is to expedite and promote the use of courtroom accommodations for these individuals.
An audio‐based risky flight detection framework for quadrotors
Authors: Liu Wansong , Liu Chang , Sajedi Seyedomid , Su Hao , Liang Xiao , Zheng Minghui
Published: January 2024

Drones have increasingly collaborated with human workers in some workspaces, such as warehouses. The failure of a drone flight may bring potential risks to human beings' life safety during some aerial tasks. One of the most common flight failures is triggered by damaged propellers. To quickly detect physical damage to propellers, recognise risky flights, and provide early warnings to surrounding human workers, a new and comprehensive fault diagnosis framework is presented that uses only the audio caused by propeller rotation without accessing any flight data. The diagnosis framework includes three components: leverage convolutional neural networks, transfer learning, and Bayesian optimisation. Particularly, the audio signal from an actual flight is collected and transferred into time–frequency spectrograms. First, a convolutional neural network‐based diagnosis model that utilises these spectrograms is developed to identify whether there is any broken propeller involved in a specific drone flight. Additionally, the authors employ Monte Carlo dropout sampling to obtain the inconsistency of diagnostic results and compute the mean probability score vector's entropy (uncertainty) as another factor to diagnose the drone flight. Next, to reduce data dependence on different drone types, the convolutional neural network‐based diagnosis model is further augmented by transfer learning. That is, the knowledge of a well‐trained diagnosis model is refined by using a small set of data from a different drone. The modified diagnosis model has the ability to detect the broken propeller of the second drone. Thirdly, to reduce the hyperparameters' tuning efforts and reinforce the robustness of the network, Bayesian optimisation takes advantage of the observed diagnosis model performances to construct a Gaussian process model that allows the acquisition function to choose the optimal network hyperparameters. The proposed diagnosis framework is validated via real experimental flight tests and has a reasonably high diagnosis accuracy.
Hexagonal zoning deadbeat model predictive control of induction motor
Authors: Lotfollahzadegan Saeed , Davari S. Alireza , Mousavi Mahdi S. , Chegeni Alireza , Tarisciotti Luca , Rodriguez Jose
Published: January 2024

Deadbeat model predictive control is known as a precise control method in motor control applications. Recently, finite set deadbeat control is applied to power electronics applications. A voltage‐based cost function is used to select the closest voltage vector to the reference vector by examining all possible states in the cost function. This method needs a high amount of computation when it is applied to multilevel inverters or virtual voltage vectors due to a considerable increase in the number of candidates. Some studies have been done to reduce the number of candidate voltage vectors and computation burden. The methodology in these methods is based on finding the adjacent area and applying the vertex vectors to the cost function. So, these strategies are multi‐step and complex. The hexagonal zoning deadbeat model predictive control is proposed and introduced. The basic idea of the proposed method is that each zone should contain only one vector. In this way, the area identification is equal to finding the optimum voltage selection. Hexagonal zoning is used, which simplifies the process of identifying the area. A simple area identification method is developed based on the reference voltage phase angle. The proposed method can be applied to different inverters with different spatial vector diagrams. Furthermore, the synthesis of the virtual vector is manipulated to reduce the torque and flux ripple. The proposed method is experimentally evaluated by applications to the virtual voltage switching of a two‐level inverter for the induction motor drive in this research.
Rare‐earth‐free Al‐Ni‐Co hybrid PMa‐SyRM for an air‐conditioner compressor
Authors: Vegireddy Gowtham , Sampathirao Sashidhar
Published: January 2024

A hybrid ferrite‐Al‐Ni‐Co permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa‐SyRM) for an air‐conditioner compressor is proposed. Al‐Ni‐Co PMs have high residual flux density similar to rare‐earth PMs such as Nd‐Fe‐B and Sm‐Co. Therefore, the performance parameters of the PMa‐SyRM such as power factor, efficiency etc., with Al‐Ni‐Co PMs can be improved without significantly increasing the cost of the motor. However, Al‐Ni‐Co PMs have a steep IInd‐quadrant B‐H curve, and the challenge lies in addressing their demagnetisation issues. In the proposed hybrid PMa‐SyRM, the rotor geometry is suitably optimised for placing the Al‐Ni‐Co PMs in the centre flux barriers to address the demagnetisation issues. Further, an analytical magnetic circuit is presented to design the proposed PMa‐SyRM. Later, 2‐D finite element analysis of the proposed motor including the demagnetisation analysis of PMs and stress analysis of the rotor is carried out and presented. A prototype is fabricated, experimental validation is carried out, and the results of the performance and cost are compared with that of ferrite and hybrid ferrite‐Nd‐Fe‐B PMa‐SyRM.
YOLOv5s maritime distress target detection method based on swin transformer
Authors: Liu Kun , Qi Yueshuang , Xu Guofeng , Li Jianglong
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the task of maritime emergency rescue has increased, while the cost of time for traditional methods of search and rescue is pretty long with poor effect subject to the constraints of the complex circumstances around the sea, the effective conditions, and the support capability. This paper applies deep learning and proposes a YOLOv5s‐SwinDS algorithm for target detection in distress at sea. Firstly, the backbone network of the YOLOv5s algorithm is replaced by swin transformer, and a multi‐level feature fusion module is introduced to enhance the feature expression ability for maritime targets. Secondly, deformable convolutional networks v2 (DCNv2) is used instead of traditional convolution to improve the recognition capability for irregular targets when the neck network features are output. Finally, the CIoU loss function is replaced with SIoU to reduce the redundant box effectively while accelerating the convergence and regression of the predicted box. Experimenting on the publicly dataset SeaDronesSee, the , , and of YOLOv5s‐SwinDS model are 87.9%, 75.8%, 79.1% and 42.9%, respectively, which get higher results than the original YOLOv5s model, the YOLOv7 series of models, and the YOLOv8 series of models. The experiments verifies that the algorithm has good performance in detecting maritime distress targets.
Research on fast frequency response to AC grid of a battery‐free MVDC system incorporating a high proportion of distributed photovoltaic generation units with reserve capacity
Authors: Fan Yiwen , Chi Yongning , Liu Hongzhi , Lin Weifang , Wang Zhibing , Liu Chao , Jiang Bingwei
Published: January 2024

With the fast development of renewable energy, system operators intend to require renewable energy generation to have more grid support capabilities. This paper studies the grid‐connected control strategy of a battery‐free medium‐voltage direct current (MVDC) system with distributed photovoltaic generation units (DPVGUs), aiming to realize the rapid grid support function to AC grid frequency. Firstly, a scheme for the MVDC system can keep some reserve capacity is provided. At this moment, DPVGUs execute a master‐slave coordinated control strategy, that is, the master DPVGU adopts an improved DC constant voltage control strategy to maintain the MVDC bus voltage, and the remaining DPVGUs adopt an improved droop control strategy to quickly provide corresponding power. Secondly, when the frequency deviation of AC grid exceeds the deadband of primary frequency control, fast frequency response (FFR) control strategy of the modular multilevel converter is proposed, aiming to actively transmit some or all of the reserved power of the MVDC system to the AC grid and can quickly provide frequency support to AC grid. In FFR control strategy, an additional control strategy is added on the vector control strategy. Finally, simulation studies are carried out in RTDS to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Common direct current (DC) bus integration of DC fast chargers, grid‐scale energy storage, and solar photovoltaic: New York City case study
Authors: Kamaludeen Mohamed K. , Zafar Kirn , Esa Yusef , Mohamed Ahmed Ali A. , Nyemah Elihu , Salmeron Lizzette , Odie Simon
Published: January 2024

The mass deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) to achieve clean energy objectives has become a major goal across several states in the U.S. However, the viability and reality of achieving these goals in dense urban areas, such as New York City, are challenged by several ‘Techno‐Economic’ barriers associated with available land space and the number of AC/direct current (DC) conversion stages that requires multiple electrical balance of plant (BOP) equipment for pairing/interconnecting these resources to the grid. The fundamental issue of interconnection is addressed by assessing the use of a common DC bus in a one‐of‐a‐kind configuration (to pair grid‐connected energy storage, photovoltaic, and electric vehicle chargers (EVC) systems) and reduce the number of BOP equipment needed for deployment. Building on similar work that has touched on distribution‐level DC interconnection, this paper will also address the intricacies of interconnecting third‐party and Utility DERs to a DC‐based point of common coupling. It will examine the requisite site controller configuration (control architecture) and requirements to coordinate the energy storage system's use between managing Utility and Third‐Party EVC demand while prioritising dispatch. The result shows that the DC‐coupled system is technologically feasible and hierarchical control architecture is recommended to maintain stability during various use cases proposed. This will inform a lab demonstration of this system that aims to test DC integration of the DERs with recommendations for the microgrid (MG) controllers and reduction in the BOP equipment. These learnings will then be applied to practical grid‐scale deployment of the systems at Con Edison's Cedar Street Substation. This system, if proven successful, has the potential to change the way community distributed generation and MGs are interconnected to the Utility System.