bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitive determination of chromium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using chelate-enhanced nebulized film dielectric barrier discharge vapor generation
Authors: He Qian , Li Chenchen , Kong Xiangyu , Zhao Minggang , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2022

A sensitive procedure was developed for trace Cr determination by ICP MS with a DDTC enhanced nebulized film dielectric barrier discharge (NFDBD) vapor generation sampling system.
Data-driven approach for the prediction of mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Shah Vade , Zadourian Steven , Yang Charles , Zhang Zilan , Gu Grace X.
Published: July 2022

Supervised machine learning models are trained on experimental data to predict the mechanical properties of composite materials. Results show that these techniques are reasonably accurate and generalizable.
Gradient monolayered porous membrane for liquid manipulation: from fabrication to application
Authors: Zhang Qiuya , Li Ke , Li Yuliang , Li Yan , Zhang Xiaofang , Du Yi , Tian Dongliang
Published: July 2022

The classifications, fabrications and corresponding applications of typical gradient monolayered porous membranes are introduced and further prospected on the basis of their current development.
DMSO as a dual carbon synthon in one-pot tandem synthesis of N-alkylated quinazolinones from anthranilamides and acetophenones
Authors: Yadav Pushpendra , Yadav Sourabh , Awasthi Annapurna , Phanindrudu Mandalparthi , Bhowmick Suman , Tiwari Dharmendra Kumar
Published: July 2022

DMSO-assisted approach for the synthesis of N-alkylated quinazolinones from readily available 2-aminobenzamide and aryl methyl ketones has been developed. DMSO played a dual role, acting as a solvent as well as a dual carbon synthon, making this process an environmentally benign approach.
The hydroxyl radical yield prediction of cavitation bubble clouds during the hydrodynamic cavitation process for chitosan degradation
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Cao Yan , Yang Feng , Huang Yongchun , Zhang Kunming , Huang Chengdou
Published: July 2022

In order to measure the influence of chemical effects in the process of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) degradation of chitosan, a prediction model for the hydroxyl radical (˙OH) yields of cavitation bubble clouds (CBCs) was developed based on a single-hole orifice plate cavitator.
Low temperature curable titanium-based sols for visible light photocatalytic coatings for glass and polymeric substrates
Authors: Angulo-Ibáñez Adrián , Luengo Naia , Aranzabe Estibaliz , Beobide Garikoitz , Castillo Oscar , Goitandia Amaia M. , Pérez-Yáñez Sonia , Perfecto-Irigaray Maite , Villamayor Antia
Published: July 2022

The sol–gel method provides a simple and versatile synthesis route to prepare low temperature curable metal-organic coatings photocatalytically active by visible light.
Nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped hollow porous carbon microspheres as an oxidase-like electrochemical sensor for baicalin
Authors: Jiang Wanjun , Wu Shiyu , Fan Guorong , Wang Zongde , Chen Shangxing , Wen Yangping , Wang Peng
Published: July 2022

Nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped hollow porous carbon microspheres as an oxidase-like electrocatalytic sensor for baicalin were successfully developed by two-stage activation.
Preparation of biacidic tin-based ionic liquid catalysts and their application in catalyzing coupling reaction between ethylene carbonate and dimethyl succinate to synthesize poly(ethylene succinate)
Authors: Zhao Xiudan , Guo Liying , Xu Tiejun , Wang Haiyue , Zheng Rongrong , Jiang Zezhong
Published: July 2022

A new low-carbon and environmentally friendly process method for the catalytic synthesis of biodegradable polyester by utilizing ionic liquid catalysts.
Versatile, stable, and air-tolerant triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion block copolymer micelles
Authors: Yang Huanzhi , Guo Shaowei , Jin Bixin , Luo Yunjun , Li Xiaoyu
Published: July 2022

A versatile, stable, and highly air-tolerant triplet–triplet annihilation up-conversion system based on block copolymer micelles was designed and fabricated.
Multiphase PdCu nanoparticles with improved C1 selectivity in ethanol oxidation
Authors: Xu Wenxia , Wu Xueke , Yuan Yueyue , Qin Yingnan , Liu Yanru , Wang Zuochao , Zhang Dan , Li Hongdong , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

PdCu/CNT-300 catalysts with a mixed crystalline phase were successfully prepared. The introduction of Cu elements and the presence of a phase interface in the mixed phase facilitated electron transfer and increased the rate of the EOR.
Size exclusion propyne/propylene separation in an ultramicroporous yet hydrophobic metal–organic framework
Authors: Xu Ming-Ming , Liu Yu-Hui , Zhang Xin , Wang Hao-Tian , Xie Lin-Hua , Li Jian-Rong
Published: July 2022

A hydrolytically stable MOF with a narrow and hydrophobic pore aperture shows the capability to remove C3H4from a C3H4/C3H6binary gas by a size exclusion adsorption mechanism even if the binary gas was pre-saturated with water vapor.
A low-cost and high-performance 3D micromixer over a wide working range and its application for high-sensitivity biomarker detection
Authors: Liu Bo , Ran Bin , Chen Chaozhan , Shi Liuyong , Liu Ya , Chen Huaying , Zhu Yonggang
Published: July 2022

A low-cost 3D micromixer was developed using a desktop-class 3D printer and it demonstrated unprecedented mixing performance over the widest range of flow conditions.
Bioimaging agents based on redox-active transition metal complexes
Authors: Xue Shan-Shan , Pan Yingbo , Pan Wei , Liu Shujie , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: July 2022

This review summarizes transition metal complexes as bioimaging agents in optical and magnetic resonance imaging.
The transient-chelating-group-controlled stereoselective Rh(i)-catalyzed silylative aminocarbonylation of 2-alkynylanilines: access to (Z)-3-(silylmethylene)indolin-2-ones
Authors: Han Ya-Fei , Lv Gui-Fen , Li Yang , Wu Li-Jun , Ouyang Xuan-Hui , Li Jin-Heng
Published: July 2022

Transient-chelating-group-controlled stereoselective rhodium(I)-catalyzed silylative aminocarbonylation of 2- alkynylanilines with CO and silanes toward (Z)-3-(silylmethylene)indolin-2-ones is presented.
Transition of elastomers from a rubber to glassy state under laser shock conditions
Authors: Le Bras C. , Fosse C. , Delbreilh L. , Gervais M. , Ayad M. , Sounakoye A. Soumaila , Berthe L. , Valadon S. , Fayolle B.
Published: July 2022

The mechanical behaviour of polycarbonate and polydimethylsiloxane (Sylgard184) is studied in this work under laser shock conditions that induce high pressure and strain rates.
Nontrivial electrophoresis of silica nano and microrods in a nematic liquid crystal
Authors: M. Muhammed Rasi , Archana S. , Pujala Ravi Kumar , Dhara Surajit
Published: July 2022

We study DC and AC electrophoresis of silica nano and microrods in a thin film of a nematic liquid crystal.
Effect of functional anisotropy on the local dynamics of polymer grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Iyer Balaji V. S.
Published: July 2022

Dynamics depends on anisotropy introduced via energy of bonded interactions between end-functionalised polymer grafted nanoparticles (PGNs).
Construction of a hierarchical tubular metal–organic framework composed of nanosheet arrays as a photothermal catalyst through phase transformation
Authors: Chen Huan , Shao Lei , Wang Chao , Fu Yu
Published: July 2022

A hierarchical tubular MOF-74 with photothermal performance assembled from nanosheets array is achieved through the phase transformation from labile precursor MOF. And it is used as photothermal catalyst to fix CO2under the irradiation of light.
The mechanism of a PVDF/CsPbBr3 perovskite composite fiber as a self-polarization piezoelectric nanogenerator with ultra-high output voltage
Authors: Xue You , Yang Tao , Zheng Yapeng , Wang Enhui , Wang Hongyang , Zhu Laipan , Du Zhentao , Hou Xinmei , Chou Kuo-Chih
Published: July 2022

The piezoelectric properties of conventional piezoelectric materials are generally obtained through the rearrangement of dipoles by an electric poling process.
Taming polysulfides in sulfur-based batteries via electrolyte-soluble thiomolybdate additives
Authors: Asl Hooman Yaghoobnejad , Bhargav Amruth , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: July 2022

A simple oxygen substitution results in an enzymatic increase in polysulfide sequestration capability in thiometallates. Such additives can prolong the life of metal–sulfur batteries.
Ab initio determination of a simultaneous dual-ion charging mechanism for Ni0.25Mn0.75O2 through redox reactions of Ni2+/Ni4+ and O2−/O−
Authors: Shepard Robert , Brennan Scott , Juran Taylor R , Young Joshua , Smeu Manuel
Published: July 2022

A novel method for computationally determining anion voltage is proposed in which one must consider full electrolyte interactions. This work reveals a simultaneous dual-ion (Na and ClO4) charging mechanism for Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.
“Three-in-one” nanocomposites as multifunctional nanozymes for ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescence detection of alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Li Xuemei , Cai Mengchao , Shen Zhiwei , Zhang Min , Tang Zisheng , Luo Shi-Hua , Lu Na
Published: July 2022

We designed and prepared a “three-in-one” nanocomposite as a multiple enzyme-like nanozyme to construct a ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for alkaline phosphatase detection.
Metal-cyanido molecular modulators of the sensing range and performance in lanthanide-based luminescent thermometers
Authors: Wyczesany Maciej , Zakrzewski Jakub J. , Sieklucka Barbara , Chorazy Szymon
Published: July 2022

Ratiometric optical thermometry based on emission intensities and lifetimes of Eu(iii) and Tb(iii) centers is efficiently modulated by tetracyanidometallate linkers governing critical vibrational modes of the heterometallic d–f crystalline materials.
Targeting skeletal muscle mitochondrial health in obesity
Authors: Pileggi Chantal A. , Hooks Breana G. , McPherson Ruth , Dent Robert R.M. , Harper Mary-Ellen
Published: July 2022

Metabolic demands of skeletal muscle are substantial and are characterized normally as highly flexible and with a large dynamic range. Skeletal muscle composition (e.g., fiber type and mitochondrial content) and metabolism (e.g., capacity to switch between fatty acid and glucose substrates) are altered in obesity, with some changes proceeding and some following the development of the disease. Nonetheless, there are marked interindividual differences in skeletal muscle composition and metabolism in obesity, some of which have been associated with obesity risk and weight loss capacity. In this review, we discuss related molecular mechanisms and how current and novel treatment strategies may enhance weight loss capacity, particularly in diet-resistant obesity.
Multicellular regulation of miR-196a-5p and miR-425-5 from adipose stem cell-derived exosomes and cardiac repair
Authors: de Almeida Oliveira Nathalia C. , Neri Elida A. , Silva Caio M. , Valadão Iuri C. , Fonseca-Alaniz Miriam H. , Zogbi Camila , Levy Débora , Bydlowski Sergio P. , Krieger Jose Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Cardiac transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) modulates the post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) repair response. Biomolecules secreted or shuttled within extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, may participate in the concerted response. We investigated the exosome’s microRNAs due to their capacity to fine-tune gene expression, potentially affecting the multicellular repair response. We profiled and quantified rat ASC-exosome miRNAs and used bioinformatics to select uncharacterized miRNAs down-regulated in post-MI related to cardiac repair. We selected and validated miR-196a-5p and miR-425-5p as candidates for the concerted response in neonatal cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages using a high-content screening platform. Both miRNAs prevented cardiomyocyte ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species production, increased angiogenesis, and polarized macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 immunophenotype. Moreover, miR-196a-5p reduced and reversed myofibroblast activation and decreased collagen expression. Our data provide evidence that the exosome-derived miR-196a-5p and miR-425-5p influence biological processes critical to the concerted multicellular repair response post-MI.
Event‐triggered optimisation of overtaking decision‐making strategy for autonomous driving on highway
Authors: Huang Ping , Zhang Lin , Chen Hong , Ding Haitao , Cao Jianyong
Published: July 2022

Appropriate overtaking can improve the safety and efficiency of driving. Practically, overtaking consists of two asymmetric lane‐changes: firstly to the left lane and then return back. Existing literatures treated the two lane‐changes as the same behaviour, which may result in frequent and unnecessary lane‐changes. For the more complex first lane‐change, discretionary lane‐change strategies have been developed to gain speed advantage with least deceleration. Most of them, however, described vehicles' dynamics with rough simplifications different from actual execution (e.g. constant speed and constant acceleration), which may fail them in practical applications. This paper presents an event‐triggered overtaking decision‐making strategy for autonomous vehicles to make the overtaking meet the driver's expectations. Firstly, the difference between the left‐lane change and right‐lane change is analysed. Left‐lane change is mainly concerned with the efficiency, whereas driving safety is the main target of the right‐lane change. Secondly, an event‐triggering condition covering the speed difference between the ego vehicle and its preceding vehicle is set. Afterwards, based on quantified speed advantage, considering surrounding vehicles' changes in both speed and acceleration, an optimisation of overtaking decision‐making strategy is proposed. During right‐lane change in an overtaking, safety is ensured by predicting whether the ego vehicle will collide with surrounding vehicles. Finally, several scenarios are defined in the combination of SCANeR studio and Simulink, which are used to test and demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the overtaking decision‐making strategy. The results show that the proposed overtaking decision‐making strategy, by mathematical quantification of speed advantage, performs well in measuring the motivation of lane‐change and avoiding frequent lane changes, which correspond to driver habits.
The mechanism and optimization method of the capacitance team used in double‐sided LCC compensation topology
Authors: Xia Nenghong , Xu Xiaoying , Zhang Fan , Zhu Yimin , Huang Chen , Lin Jialiang
Published: July 2022

Double‐sided LCC compensation topology is often used in various wireless charging systems (WCS) as its resonant frequency is independent of coupling coefficient and load condition. However, the transmission performance of the compensated system was found to be very sensitive to the change of the compensation capacitance. This paper attempts to give a capacitance optimization method based on the comprehensive consideration of effects of capacitance. The four compensation capacitors are divided into parallel capacitance team and series capacitance team, and the work mechanism of the compensation capacitance on the output power, efficiency and the terminal voltage of the system are deeply analyzed. Then, the optimization approach based on Bayesian is given. The results are validated by both simulation and experiments of a 3 kW WCS prototype. With the proposed optimization method, the ac–ac efficiency can reach up to 96.3% over an air gap of 150 mm, which shows a 5% improvement. The voltage of each component is kept within a safe range.
Coherence onset in PT-symmetric organic microcavities: towards directional propagation of light
Authors: Roszeitis Karla , Sudzius Markas , Palatnik Alexander , Koch Rebekka , Budich Jan Carl , Leo Karl
Published: July 2022

For the investigation of non-Hermitian effects and physics under parity-time (PT) symmetry, photonic systems are ideal model systems for both experimental and theoretical research. We investigate a fundamental building block of a potential photonic device, consisting of coupled organic microcavities. The coupled system contains cavities with gain and loss and respects parity-time symmetry, leading to non-Hermitian terms in the corresponding Hamiltonian. Experimentally, two coupled cavities are realized and driven optically using pulsed laser excitation up to the lasing regime. We show that above the lasing threshold, when coherence evolves, the coupled-cavity system starts to operate asymmetrically, generating more light on one side of the device, being characteristic of non-Hermitian PT-symmetric systems. Calculations and simulations on a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain composed of these PT-symmetric unit cells show the emergence of non-trivial topological features.
A novel dynamic data envelopment analysis approach with parabolic fuzzy data: Case study in the Indian banking sector
Authors: Kaur Rajinder , Puri Jolly
Published: July 2022

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric approach that measures the efficiency of a decision-making unit (DMU) statically and requires crisp input-output data. However, as a performance analysis tool, DEA overlooks the inter-relationship present among periods, and in many real applications, it is challenging to define the information for variables like customer satisfaction, service quality, etc. in precise form. To fix this, the present paper develops a novel parabolic fuzzy dynamic DEA (PFDDEA) approach that not only measures the system and period fuzzy efficiencies of DMUs by considering the inter-dependence among periods in the presence of undesirable resources but also handles data as parabolic fuzzy numbers (PFNs). It evaluates fuzzy efficiencies in a dynamic environment by distinguishing the role of links as inputs/outputs. In the proposed approach, system fuzzy efficiencies are estimated by solving the proposed PFDDEA models based on the α-cut approach that guarantees the shape of the membership function of the system fuzzy efficiencies obtained at different α-levels as PFNs. Further, an algorithmic approach for measuring period fuzzy efficiencies based on the concept of α-cuts and Pareto’s efficiency is developed that leads to the estimation of the shapes of their membership functions. Finally, a relationship has been derived between upper (lower) bound system efficiency and upper (lower) bound period efficiencies at each α-level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt that dynamically evaluates fuzzy efficiencies (system and period) of DMUs when the data for the inputs/outputs/links are PFNs. To validate the applicability and robustness of the proposed approach, it is applied to eleven Indian banks for two periods 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, including loss due to non-performing assets (NPAs) as an undesirable output and unused assets as a link between periods. Here, NPAs are the bad loans that cease to generate income for the banks. The findings of the study (i) depict the system and period efficiencies as PFNs, (ii) conclude that the Federal Bank (FB) is the most efficient and Punjab National Bank (PNB) is the least efficient bank in the system and all periods, and (iii) provide implications that are highly valuable for bank experts to consider the impact of NPAs and unused assets for improving underperformed banks. These findings indicate that the proposed PFDDEA approach is highly useful for ranking/benchmarking in a dynamic manner keeping in view the presence of uncertain data variables represented as PFNs.
Advances in Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys
Authors: Zhou Jifeng , You Junhua , Qiu Keqiang
Published: July 2022

Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties, including high saturation magnetic flux density (Bs), high permeability, low coercivity (Hc), and low magnetostriction. They are utilized in distribution transformers, transformers, reactors, and other devices. As green, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly materials, their application fields have more possibilities. In this paper, the development history, composition design principle, heat treatment process, magnetic properties, and annealing brittleness of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys are introduced.
Planar Hall study in molecular exchange-bias system
Authors: Mundlia Suman , Raman Karthik V.
Published: July 2022

Exchange-bias as an interfacial phenomenon is extensively investigated in bilayer films of a ferromagnet (FM) and an antiferromagnet (AFM) with large internal magnetic anisotropy. This mechanism is also observable by replacing the AFM layer with a hard-FM of sufficiently strong magnetic anisotropy; a response that was recently demonstrated in the transport study of Fe/metal-phthalocyanine (MPc) bilayers [Mundlia et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 14, 024095 (2020)]. In this bilayer system, hybridization with the molecule causes the surface-Fe to become magnetically hard and couple to the bottom soft-Fe layer via magnetic exchange-bias. In this letter, the planar-Hall study in such exchange-biased Fe/MPc devices is performed using cobalt- and vanadyl- phthalocyanine (CoPc and VOPc) molecules with their responses being sensitive to the choice of molecule and to the field-cooling conditions. For the case of zero-field or in-plane field cooling, the planar-Hall signal in Fe/VOPc devices is larger than in the Fe/CoPc devices arising due to the difference in the magnetization rotation pathway during magnetization reversal, with a possible transition through non-co-planar spin-configuration in the Fe/VOPc devices. In the case of the Fe/CoPc device, this rotation pathway could be activated by out-of-plane field-cooling resulting in more than double the increase in the planar Hall signal. We also investigate the variation in interfacial spin-disorder by field-cooling procedures and its effect on exchange-bias and planar Hall signal. The work support the spin-freezing response at the Fe/MPc interface, making this study exciting for further investigations.
Two local slip modes at the liquid–liquid interface over liquid-infused surfaces
Authors: Ren Liuzhen , Hu Haibao , Bao Luyao , Priezjev Nikolai V. , Wen Jun , Xie Luo
Published: July 2022

A liquid–liquid interface (LLI) at liquid-infused surfaces (LISs) plays a significant role in promoting slip flow and reducing frictional drag. By employing the transverse many-body dissipative particle dynamics simulations, the behavior of local and effective slip at a flat LLI for shear flows over periodically grooved LISs has been studied. With increasing viscosity ratio between the working fluid and lubricant fluid, two local slip modes are identified. For a small viscosity ratio, the local slip length remains finite along the LLI, while a hybrid local slip boundary condition holds along the LLI for large viscosity ratios, i.e., the local slip length is finite near the groove edge and unbounded in the central region of the LLI. The vortical flow inside the groove can be enhanced by increasing viscosity ratio due to the change in the local slip mode from the finite state to the hybrid one. Moreover, the results suggest two scenarios for the variation of the effective slippage. For LISs with a large LLI fraction, the effective slip length increases significantly with increasing viscosity ratio, while for a small LLI fraction, the effective slippage is rather insensitive to the viscosity ratio. The underlying mechanism for the relationship between the effective slip length and the viscosity ratio for different LLI fractions is revealed based on the two slip modes. These results elucidate the effect of LLI on slip boundary conditions and might serve as a guide for the optimal design of LISs with enhanced slip properties.
Generation of nanosecond THz pulses using a high gain ring resonator with a semiconductor switch
Authors: Genoud J. , Claveau E. L. , Jawla S. K. , Li G. , Picard J. F. , Shapiro M. A. , Temkin R. J.
Published: July 2022

A 250 GHz quasi-optical ring resonator consisting of an input coupler and three mirrors has been designed and tested. A low-loss silicon wafer in the ring provides output coupling of the stored power when irradiated by a pulse from a 532 nm laser. The ring created 5.8 ns, 268 mW output power pulses when excited by a 17 mW, 250 GHz continuously operating input source, achieving a power gain of 16. In a fully tuned ring, higher gain is achievable. If the ring was used with a pulsed input source having a pulse length of several times the fill time, the ring could be used as an efficient pulse compressor with similar high gain. The resonator has a wide range of applications, including, at low power, spectroscopy and, at high power, testing of accelerator structures and materials.
Irreversible phase transitions of the multiferroic oxide Mn3TeO6 at high pressures
Authors: Liu Lei , Geng Hua Y. , Pan Xiaolong , Song Hong X. , Ivanov Sergey , Mathieu Roland , Weil Matthias , Li Yanchun , Li Xiaodong , Lazor Peter
Published: July 2022

Due to their large bandgaps, multiferroic oxides, the promising candidates for overcoming the disadvantages of metal-halide perovskites as light absorbers, have so far very limited use in solar cell applications. Previous investigations demonstrate that high pressure represents an efficient tool for tuning the bandgap of multiferroic Mn3TeO6 (MTO). However, the underlying mechanism of the giant bandgap reduction discovered in MTO remains unclear, which critically prevents the design of next-generation light absorbers. In this study, we performed in situ x-ray diffraction analyses on the structure evolution of MTO upon compression and decompression, discovering a sequence of irreversible phase transitions R3¯→C2/c→P21/n. The experimental results, supported by electronic structure calculations, show the shortening of Mn–O–Mn bonding, and, to a lower extent, the decrease in connectivity of octahedra across the phase transition, explain the giant bandgap reduction of MTO. These findings will facilitate the design and synthesis of next-generation light absorbers in solar cells.
Effects of doping, hydrostatic pressure, and thermal quenching on the phase transitions and magnetocaloric properties in Mn1−xCoxNiGe
Authors: Poudel Chhetri Tej , Chen Jing-Han , Grant Anthony T. , Young David P. , Dubenko Igor , Talapatra Saikat , Ali Naushad , Stadler Shane
Published: July 2022

The effects of doping, hydrostatic pressure, and thermal quenching on the phase transitions and magnetocaloric properties of the Mn1−xCoxNiGe system have been investigated. Cobalt doping on the Mn site shifted the martensitic structural transition toward lower temperature until it was ultimately absent, leaving only a magnetic transition from a ferromagnetic (FM) to a paramagnetic (PM) state in the high-temperature hexagonal phase. Co-occurrence of the magnetic and structural transitions to form a first-order magnetostructural transition (MST) from the FM orthorhombic to the PM hexagonal phase was observed in samples with 0.05 < x < 0.20. An additional antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic-like transition was observed in the martensite phase for 0.05 < x < 0.10, which gradually vanished with increasing Co concentration (x > 0.10) or magnetic field (H > 0.5 T). The application of external hydrostatic pressure shifted the structural transition to lower temperature until an MST was formed in samples with x = 0.03 and 0.05, inducing large magnetic entropy changes up to −80.3 J kg−1 K−1 (x = 0.03) for a 7-T field change under 10.6-kbar pressure. Similar to the effects of the application of hydrostatic pressure, an MST was formed near room temperature in the sample with x = 0.03 by annealing at high temperature (1200 °C) followed by quenching, resulting in a large magnetic entropy change of −56.2 J kg−1 K−1. These experimental results show that the application of pressure and thermal quenching, in addition to compositional variations, are effective methods to create magnetostructural transitions in the MnNiGe system, resulting in large magnetocaloric effects.
Structural insights into a spindle-shaped archaeal virus with a sevenfold symmetrical tail
Authors: Han Zhen , Yuan Wanjuan , Xiao Hao , Wang Li , Zhang Junxia , Peng Yuning , Cheng Lingpeng , Liu Hongrong , Huang Li
Published: July 2022

Archaeal viruses with a spindle-shaped virion are abundant and widespread in extremely diverse environments. However, efforts to obtain the high-resolution structure of a spindle-shaped virus have been unsuccessful. Here, we present the structure of SSV19, a spindle-shaped virus infecting the hyperthermophilic archaeonSulfolobussp. E11-6. Our near-atomic structure reveals an unusual sevenfold symmetrical virus tail consisting of the tailspike, nozzle, and adaptor proteins. The spindle-shaped capsid shell is formed by seven left-handed helical strands, constructed of the hydrophobic major capsid protein, emanating from the highly glycosylated tail assembly. Sliding between adjacent strands is responsible for the variation of a virion in size. Ultrathin sections of the SSV19-infected cells show that SSV19 virions adsorb to the host cell membrane through the tail after penetrating the S-layer. The tailspike harbors a putative endo-mannanase domain, which shares structural similarity to aBacteroides thetaiotaomicroendo-mannanase. Molecules of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipid were observed in hydrophobic clefts between the tail and the capsid shell. The nozzle protein resembles the stem and clip domains of the portals of herpesviruses and bacteriophages, implying an evolutionary relationship among the archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic viruses.
Ciliogenesis requires sphingolipid-dependent membrane and axoneme interaction
Authors: Wu Dou , Huang Jingying , Zhu Hao , Chen Zhe , Chai Yongping , Ke Jingyi , Lei Kexin , Peng Zhao , Zhang Ranhao , Li Xueming , Huang Kaiyao , Li Wei , Zhao Chengtian , Ou Guangshuo
Published: July 2022

Cilium formation and regeneration requires new protein synthesis, but the underlying cytosolic translational reprogramming remains largely unknown. Using ribosome footprinting, we performed global translatome profiling during cilia regeneration in
Chlamydomonas
and uncovered that flagellar genes undergo an early transcriptional activation but late translational repression. This pattern guided our identification of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes, including serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), as essential regulators for ciliogenesis. Cryo-electron tomography showed that ceramide loss abnormally increased the membrane-axoneme distance and generated bulged cilia. We found that ceramides interact with intraflagellar transport (IFT) particle proteins that IFT motors transport along axoneme microtubules (MTs), suggesting that ceramide–IFT particle–IFT motor–MT interactions connect the ciliary membrane with the axoneme to form rod-shaped cilia. SPT-deficient vertebrate cells were defective in ciliogenesis, and SPT mutations from patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy disrupted cilia, which could be restored by sphingolipid supplementation. These results reveal a conserved role of sphingolipid in cilium formation and link compromised sphingolipid production with ciliopathies.
Elevated Myl9 reflects the Myl9-containing microthrombi in SARS-CoV-2–induced lung exudative vasculitis and predicts COVID-19 severity
Authors: Iwamura Chiaki , Hirahara Kiyoshi , Kiuchi Masahiro , Ikehara Sanae , Azuma Kazuhiko , Shimada Tadanaga , Kuriyama Sachiko , Ohki Syota , Yamamoto Emiri , Inaba Yosuke , Shiko Yuki , Aoki Ami , Kokubo Kota , Hirasawa Rui , Hishiya Takahisa , Tsuji Kaori , Nagaoka Tetsutaro , Ishikawa Satoru , Kojima Akira , Mito Haruki , Hase Ryota , Kasahara Yasunori , Kuriyama Naohide , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Nakamura Sukeyuki , Urushibara Takashi , Kaneda Satoru , Sakao Seiichiro , Tobiume Minoru , Suzuki Yoshio , Tsujiwaki Mitsuhiro , Kubo Terufumi , Hasegawa Tadashi , Nakase Hiroshi , Nishida Osamu , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Baba Komei , Iizumi Yoko , Okazaki Toshiya , Kimura Motoko Y. , Yoshino Ichiro , Igari Hidetoshi , Nakajima Hiroshi , Suzuki Takuji , Hanaoka Hideki , Nakada Taka-aki , Ikehara Yuzuru , Yokote Koutaro , Nakayama Toshinori
Published: July 2022

The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly correlated with pulmonary vascular pathology accompanied by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection–triggered immune dysregulation and aberrant activation of platelets. We combined histological analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses of the lungs from autopsy samples and single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to investigate the pathogenesis of vasculitis and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. We found that SARS-CoV-2 accumulated in the pulmonary vessels, causing exudative vasculitis accompanied by the emergence of thrombospondin-1–expressing noncanonical monocytes and the formation of myosin light chain 9 (Myl9)–containing microthrombi in the lung of COVID-19 patients with fatal disease. The amount of plasma Myl9 in COVID-19 was correlated with the clinical severity, and measuring plasma Myl9 together with other markers allowed us to predict the severity of the disease more accurately. This study provides detailed insight into the pathogenesis of vasculitis and immunothrombosis, which may lead to optimal medical treatment for COVID-19.
L1-Mandarin L2-English learners’ acquisition of English
double-quantifier scope
Authors: Wu Mien-Jen , Ionin Tania
Published: July 2022

English double-quantifier configurations such as A
dog scared every man are ambiguous between a
surface-scope reading (there exists one specific dog which scared
every man) and an inverse-scope reading (each man was scared by a
possibly different dog), while the Mandarin equivalent only has the
surface-scope reading. Therefore, if L1-transfer is at work,
L1-Mandarin L2-English learners would not initially allow
inverse-scope readings in English, but may acquire them through
exposure to relevant input. We tested learners in the U.S. and
native English speakers on their acceptance of surface-scope and
inverse-scope readings and found that learners disallowed
inverse-scope readings of English double-quantifier sentences. This
suggests that positive evidence alone is not sufficient for the
L2-acquisition of inverse scope.
Development of L2 prosody
Authors: Fujimori Atsushi , Yamane Noriko , Yoshimura Noriko , Nakayama Mineharu , Teaman Brian , Yoneyama Kiyoko
Published: July 2022

This study examines the development of L2 English prosody
as associated with information focus by Japanese EFL (JEFL)
learners. Comprehension, perception, and production tasks were
conducted with 54 participants in three sub-groups: low proficiency
level JEFLs, high proficiency level JEFLs, and native English
speakers. Results show that the low-level JEFLs could identify which
parts of sentences require focus but they could not successfully
perceive nor produce three different prosodic patterns associated
with information focus. In contrast, high proficiency JEFLs
demonstrated native-like performance, with a slight difficulty in
producing post-focal compression. Our findings have implications for
the syntax-discourse-prosody interface: (i) the interface knowledge
develops through multiple stages, and (ii) the discourse-prosody
interface is challenging for L2 learners.
The role of L1 Norwegian and L2 English in the acquisition of
verb placement in L3 German
Authors: Dahl Anne , Listhaug Kjersti Faldet , Busterud Guro
Published: July 2022

Focusing on the much-debated question of transfer from
previously learned languages in L3 acquisition, we investigate
acquisition of finite verb placement in L3 German. Participants are
L1 Norwegian high-school students with L2 English, in years 1, 2, 4,
and 5 of German instruction. Norwegian and German have V2 word
order, while English does not. Participants completed acceptability
judgments in L3 German and L2 English. Results show no
clear preference for either V2 or non-V2 in German in the earliest
learners, but later development towards target-like intuitions.
Target-like L2 English judgments do not seem to be associated with
more transfer from L2 to L3 of a given structure, and higher L2
proficiency does not predict more L2 transfer to L3.
Coverage of the Opioid Crisis in National Network Television News from 2000–2020: A Content Analysis
Authors: Jay Jessica , Chan Amy , Gayed George , Patterson Julie
Published: July 2022

Background: News coverage has both negatively and positively influenced public awareness and perceptions surrounding the opioid crisis. This study aimed to describe and analyze national network television news framing of the scope and impact of the opioid crisis in the United States. Methods: We performed a retrospective content analysis on national network television evening news segments covering the opioid crisis from 1/2000 to 8/2020, which were obtained from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive. The database was queried for: opioid epidemic, oxycontin, heroin, fentanyl, and naloxone. Two independent reviewers quantitatively coded segment characteristics, including theme, geographic location, opioids mentioned, strategies for combatting the epidemic discussed, interviews conducted, and patient demographics. Changes in segment characteristics over time were analyzed using chi-square analyses and Fisher's exact tests. Results: News segments ( N = 191) most commonly provided an overview of the epidemic (55.5%) and/or conveyed personal stories (40.3%). Prescription opioids (59.7%) and heroin (62.8%) were more often referenced than fentanyl (17.8%); the focus on heroin peaked in 2011–2015 (84.8%), while references to fentanyl significantly increased over time ( p = 0.021). The most frequently interviewed people included patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) (47.1%), healthcare providers (36.7%), family members/friends (31.9%), and law enforcement (30.9%). Most of the featured patients with OUD were male (63.0%), white (88.4%), and young (< 40 years) adults (77.9%). Coverage of the crisis peaked in 2016. Conclusions: Evening news segments’ emphasis on personal stories, while emotionally compelling, came at the cost of thematically-framed coverage that may improve public understanding of the complexities of the epidemic. The depiction of primarily white, young adult patients with OUD revealed a need for a greater emphasis in the news on underrepresented minorities and older adults, as these populations face additional stigma and disparities in OUD treatment initiation and retention.
Trends in Buprenorphine Treatment Disparities during the COVID Pandemic in Massachusetts
Authors: Wakeman Sarah E. , Lambert Eugene , Kung Sunny , Brisbon Nicholas M. , Carroll Aleta D. , Hickman Thu-Trang , Covahey Charles , Sequist Thomas D. , Weiner Scott G.
Published: July 2022

Background: Racial, sex, and age disparities in buprenorphine treatment have previously been demonstrated. We evaluated trends in buprenorphine treatment disparities before and after the onset of the COVID pandemic in Massachusetts. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from an integrated health system comparing 12-months before and after the March 2020 Massachusetts COVID state of emergency declaration, excluding March as a washout period. Among patients with a clinical encounter during the study periods with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder or opioid poisoning, we extracted outpatient buprenorphine prescription rates by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and language. Generating univariable and multivariable Poisson regression models, we calculated the probability of receiving buprenorphine. Results: Among 4,530 patients seen in the period before the COVID emergency declaration, 57.9% received buprenorphine. Among 3,653 patients seen in the second time period, 55.1% received buprenorphine. Younger patients (<24) had a lower likelihood of receiving buprenorphine in both time periods (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42–0.75 before vs. aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60–0.96 after). Male patients had a greater likelihood of receiving buprenorphine compared to female patients in both time periods (aPR: 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.11 vs. aPR: 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16). Racial disparities emerged in the time period following the COVID pandemic, with non-Hispanic Black patients having a lower likelihood of receiving buprenorphine compared to non-Hispanic white patients in the second time period (aPR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72–0.99). Conclusions: Following the onset of the COVID pandemic in Massachusetts, ongoing racial, age, and gender disparities were evident in buprenorphine treatment with younger, Black, and female patients less likely to be treated with buprenorphine across an integrated health system.
Peer Providers and Linkage with Buprenorphine Care after Hospitalization: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jack Helen E. , Denisiuk Eric D. , Collins Brett A. , Stephens Dan , Blalock Kendra L. , Klein Jared W. , Bhatraju Elenore P. , Merrill Joseph O. , Hallgren Kevin A. , Tsui Judith I.
Published: July 2022

Background: People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are increasingly started on buprenorphine in the hospital, yet many patients do not attend outpatient buprenorphine care after discharge. Peer providers, people in recovery themselves, are a growing part of addiction care. We examine whether patients who received a low-intensity, peer-delivered intervention during hospitalization had a greater rate of linking with outpatient buprenorphine care relative to those not seen by a peer. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with OUD who were started on buprenorphine during hospitalization. The primary outcome was receipt of a buprenorphine prescription within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes included attendance at a follow-up visit with a buprenorphine provider within 30 days and hospital readmission within 90 days. Modified Poisson regression analyses tested for differences in the rate ratios (RR) of each binary outcome for patients who were versus were not seen by a peer provider. Peer notes in the electronic health record were reviewed to characterize peer activities. Results: 111 patients met the study inclusion criteria, 31.5% of whom saw a peer provider. 55.0% received a buprenorphine prescription within 30 days of hospital discharge. Patients with versus without peer provider encounters did not significantly differ in the rates of receiving a buprenorphine prescription (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.74-1.51), hospital readmission (RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.80-2.64), or attendance at a buprenorphine follow-up visit (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.68-1.57). Peers most often listened to or shared experiences with patients (68.6% of encounters) and helped facilitate medical care (60.0% of encounters). Conclusions: There were no differences in multiple measures of buprenorphine follow-up between patients who received this low-intensity peer intervention and those who did not. There is need to investigate what elements of peer provider programs contribute to patient outcomes and what outcomes should be assessed when evaluating peer programs.
Low‐ to moderate‐intensity blood flow restricted walking is not an acute equivalent for unrestricted jogging in young active adults
Authors: Walden Thomas P. , Girard Olivier , Scott Brendan R. , Jonson Andrew M. , Peiffer Jeremiah J.
Published: July 2022

This study investigated whether walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) increases acute cardio‐respiratory demands to the point that it can be considered an alternative for jogging. Sixteen physically active adults completed five experimental sessions (order randomised), comprising 10 min of treadmill exercise. Two sessions included unrestricted walking, two sessions required walking with BFR cuffs positioned on the lower limbs inflated to 60% of individualised arterial occlusion pressure, and one session was conducted at a jogging pace. Comfortable walking and jogging speeds were calculated during the familiarisation session. Walking speeds were individualised to either 100% (speed: 6.0 ± 0.3km·h‐1[low‐intensity]) or 120% (speed: 7.2 ± 0.3km·h‐1[moderate‐intensity]) of comfortable walking speed. The jogging session was unrestricted (speed: 9.1 ± 0.7km·h‐1). Initial analysis compared walking conditions across heart rate, left cardiac work index, systolic blood pressure, relative oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, rating of perceived exertion and limb discomfort. Secondary analysis compared the walking session with the highest cardio‐respiratory demands to jogging. Initial analysis identified that moderate‐intensity with BFR induced the highest cardio‐respiratory and perceptual responses compared with any other walking sessions (p < 0.01). Secondary analysis revealed that all cardio‐respiratory measures were higher during jogging when compared with moderate‐intensity with BFR (p < 0.01), except systolic blood pressure (p = 0.10). All perceptual measures were higher during moderate‐intensity with BFR (p < 0.01) compared with jogging. Low‐ to moderate‐intensity BFR‐walking produces lower acute cardio‐respiratory responses at higher ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort compared with jogging. Overall, BFR‐walking does not seem to provide an equivalent exercise modality for unrestricted jogging in physically active adults.
Nature relatedness is a unidimensional construct: evidence from the Nature Relatedness Scale (NR-6) (La relación con la naturaleza es un constructo unidimensional: evidencias a partir de la escala de Relación con la Naturaleza (NR-6))
Authors: Moreira Paulo A. S. , Inman Richard A. , Loureiro Ana , Pedras Susana , Faria Sara , Araújo Marta , Rocha Rute , Araújo Diana
Published: July 2022

Short scales assessing human–nature relationships have the practical advantages of being efficient, low in item redundancy and less at risk of inducing fatigue and boredom. It is critical that these short scales are subject to the same psychometric scrutiny as their longer versions. The present study focused on the short version of the Nature Relatedness (NR) Scale: the NR-6. Specifically, we aimed to provide the first test of its factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis and to describe the discriminability and difficulty of its six items via Item Response Theory. The study sample comprised 510 adults from Portugal. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a bifactor model over a one-factor model. Bifactor indices showed that the NR-6 items measure an essentially unidimensional nature relatedness construct. The six items were good at discriminating individuals varying in nature relatedness. Finally, consistent with prior research, we found a strong positive correlation between the NR-6 and a conceptually related measure. We conclude that the NR-6 has adequate psychometric properties and is a valid measure of individuals’ nature relatedness.