bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The clinical profile and causative factors for eyelid lacerations at a tertiary eye care centre in South India
Authors: Govindaraj Bhavna , Natarajan Manjunath
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to identify the clinical profile and the likely causative factors for eyelid lacerations at a tertiary eye care centre in South India. This was done so that the data can be used to identify the most common patterns of injuries, using which effective safety measures can be developed.

A retrospective study was done through a review of hospital records of 57 cases of traumatic eyelid lacerations who presented to our centre in the period between Jan 2017 to Jan 2018. The data collected were related to epidemiological factors, causative factors, site of injury, structures involved and association with visual outcome.

Of the 57 patients included in our study, 39 were men & 18 were women. The mean age of patients was 17+_ 2.8 years. As far as the location of injury was concerned, 67.32% patients sustained them while outdoors, 10.52% at home, 23.16% at their workplace. The most common mode of injury was by trauma caused accidentally in 36 patients (63.15%), assault in 11 patients (19.29%), falls in 10 patients (17.54%), laceration involving either the punctum or canalicular drainage system were seen in 33.26% patients. Based on the Snellen chart visual acuity of the injured eye/s was as follows: in 54 patients (90.6%), the visual acuity was better than 6/60; while in 3 patients (9.4%), the visual acuity was worse than 6/60.
Comparative evaluation of Goldman applanation tonometer, Perkins tonometer, and Non-contact tonometers in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Sinha Durgesh , Sujatha M A Rani , Karanvi Shweta B , Saifullah Bokhari Syed , KC Ranjitha , BJ Sannidhi
Published: May 2022

Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is basic investigation in a general ophthalmic workup. We attempt to determine the agreement in the measurement of IOP obtained by Goldman applanation tonometer, Perkin’s applanation tonometer, Non-contact tonometer in patients attending general ophthalmology OPD in a tertiary care centre in South India and its use in a community ophthalmology setting

A cross-sectional analytical study in which IOP was measured in patients using the three tonometers. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using Ultrasonic pachymetry. Bland Altman analysis was done to evaluate the agreement between instruments.

800 eyes of 400 patients were included in the study. By Bland Altman method, Perkin’s tonometer was found to have better correlation to IOP obtained by Goldman applanation tonometer. Perkin’s tonometer was found to be most accurate when CCT was in the range of 501–550 microns and noncontact tonometer was found to be least accurate when CCT was greater than 600 microns. On comparing correlation at different age groups, both the methods had better correlation at <40 years age group.

Both the tonometers showed a significant correlation with the gold standard technique GAT over a range of IOP and CCT with the Perkin’s tonometer better than the NCT. This study proves that Perkin’s tonometer can be recommended as a reliable screening tool in community outreach ophthalmology services. The twin advantages of portability and availability make the Perkin’s tonometer a popular choice among ophthalmology trainees and optometrists in a developing country like India.
Comentario al libro ¿Por qué dependemos de la biodiversidad?
Authors: Gonzalez John M.
Published: May 2022

¿Por qué dependemos de la biodiversidad?Autor: Juan Armando Sánchez MuñozISBN: 978-958-504-022-9Editorial: Intermedio EditoresEdiciones UniandesFecha de publicación:Noviembre del 2021198 pp.
El genoma humano: llenando los vacíos
Authors: Gómez Gutiérrez Alberto
Published: May 2022

El Consorcio Telómero a Telómero (T2T) ha completado la secuencia de un desafiante 8% del genoma humano que quedó que quedó sin resolver en el Proyecto Genoma Humano.En esta visualización, cada cromosoma comienza en la parte inferior derecha y se envuelve alrededor de un centro tácito, con los cromosomas X y 1 a 22 dispuestos desde de afuera hacia adentro (el cromosoma Y no se se muestra). Las regiones recién completadas se resaltan en rojo.

Gráfico: V. Altounian/CienciaDatos: Consorcio T2T

Sergey Nurk, Sergey Koren, Arang Rhie, Mikko Rautiainen, et al. (2022). The complete sequence of a human genome. Science 2022, Vol. 376, No. 6588, pp. 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj6987
Efficacy of 17α- hydroxy progestrone on decreasing preterm labor in ART pregnancies: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aflatoonian Abbas , Hoora Amouzegar Hoora , Dehghani Firouzabadi Razieh
Published: May 2022

Background: Preterm labor (PTL) is one of the most important causes in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Late preterm labor (34-36w) includes 75% of such birth. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnant women are at increased risk of PTL.
Objective: The study has been undertaken to determine whether beginning and continuing 17-α hydroxy progesterone caproate can reduce risk of PTL or change neonatal mortality.
Materials and Methods: In a double-blind clinical randomized control trial, 106 women were treated by ART technique for their infertility and in gestational age at 16 weeks entered in our study. In one group, 17-α hydroxy progesterone caproate (Femolife) was injected intramuscularly every week until 36 weeks of gestation and in another group; placebo was injected from 16 until 36 weeks of gestetion. Data collected from pregnancy outcomes, infancy, and subsidiary problems were statistically analyzed by a questionnaire.
Results: The risk of PTL in placebo group was 2.48 higher than control group that was not significant (Cl: 0.81-9.94). Femolife side effect in case group was gestational diabetes and local complication was not frequent. NICU admission was not significantly different between groups.
Conclusion: Although it seems that 17-α hydroxy progesterone caproate does not cause significantly decrease in PTL in singleton ART gestations but any reduction of PTL in such high risk pregnancies may improve final gestational outcome. There is critical need for larger clinical trials to better understanding causes of PTL, specifically late preterm labor, to prevent mortality and morbidity in ART gestation.
Between the Normative and the Interpretive Approach: Student Performance Online Evaluation Challenges in Journalism and Communication Higher Education
Authors: Vasile Aurelia Ana , Bălășescu Mădălina
Published: May 2022

n times of pandemic, higher education programmes had to switch quite unexpectedly from educational strategies  and techniques that applied within a classical kind of college environment, to the online platforms. 

If all sorts of platforms proved feasible for seminars, in the case of courses and evaluation activities, some difficulties were encountered and, consequently, demanded special concern and conjugated efforts to roll things out through the thick and thin of a period that required a high level of adaptability on the part of higher education leadership and management, as well as on the part of professors and students.

A survey addressed to the students and to the professors at the University of Bucharest, College of Journalism and Communication Studies revealed intriguing information regarding our main topic, that of the online student performance evaluation challenges in the journalism and communication higher education in Romania. The response of the majority of the professors to such an unexpected turnout in education within the context of the pandemics was that of a spectacularly more flexible approach mostly to the assessment of student performance, our topic at stake for this research endeavour. 

Within our research focus, the student and professor preference for measurement and for a normative approach to online evaluation, on the one hand, versus the option for appreciation within an interpretive approach, on the other hand, may account for interesting developments in the educational system of the near future that we seem to have stepped in quite abruptly due to the pandemic.
Further Training Peculiarities for Primary School Teachers in Educational Reforming Conditions in Ukraine
Authors: Nikulochkina Olena , Varetska Olena , Khaustova Olena , Pomyrcha Svitlana , Pokrova Svitlana , Kravets Nataliia
Published: May 2022

One of the main educational systems in Ukraine is New Ukrainian school development, the implementation of which has begun with the programs’ renewal and State standards of primary school. Primary school teachers’ further training was aimed at forming the leading “agents of change” who lay the groundwork for the creation of the New Ukrainian School. In the articles the organization formula and the substantive content of the Standard program for primary school teachers’ further training are considered in details. It is determined that in addition to the obvious topics (NUS Concept, State Standard, class organization and learning according to the new principles, evaluation system, etc.), a module on one of the most relevant today’s topics is added to the new program, namely - neuropsychology. Therefore, the purpose of our article was to highlight the further training peculiarities for primary school teachers in Ukraine considering the effectiveness of the neuropsychological aspects introduction in this process. To achieve this goal a quantitative method of the empirical level of research was chosen - a questionnaire. The results of the primary school teachers’ questionnaire led to the identification of the advantages and disadvantages of the teachers’ professional further training system in Ukraine, as well as to record the fact that the introduction of a compulsory module on neuropsychology helps to increase the number of teachers who implement the neuropsychological approach in education.
The Praxiological Model of the Integrated Sports Concept in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Budevici - Puiu Liliana , Budevici - Puiu Anatolie
Published: May 2022

The article describes important elements of the Integrated Concept of Sport in the Republic of Moldova, focused on elements of good governance, protection of minors, fight against doping and corruption. Sport is a field that contributes substantially to sustainable development and economic growth of a state, ensuring an added value in its gross domestic product and the insertion of the specialists in the field on the labor market. National sports organizations are responsible for ensuring good governance in the reference field, its integrity in order to continuously improve the public's confidence in the positive values of sport and to increase the quality of life with its support. Moreover, ensuring good governance in national sport is dictated by the respect for the principle of autonomy and compliance with the legal framework of sports organizations (regulations, instructions, methodologies, etc.). Thus, good governance must "ensure the proper observance and regulation of the field through the principles of efficient, transparent, ethical and democratic management, sports diplomacy, fair play, participatory management, processes and structures with the participation of stakeholders" European Parliament Resolution of 2 February 2017 on an integrated approach to sport policy: good governance, accessibility and integrity 2016/2143 (INI). Good governance is needed to meet the challenges of sport and the legal framework of the European Union. Doping and corruption in sport, identified at national and European level, lead to the creation of an inadequate image of sport. Also, respect and protection of human rights, especially of minors, must be national principles of the rule of law. In this context, we can assert that the elaboration of the praxiological model of the Integrated Concept of sport at national level can strengthen the adjustment directions through modifications / proposals to the local legal framework that regulates the reference field in consensus with the European one.
The Nature of and Conditions for Building the Poly-Art Competency in art Teaching Specialties
Authors: Guseinova Larysa , Dvornyk Yurii , Dorokhina Liubov , Koval Olena , Lyashenko Tatiana , Khomenko Alla
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the initiated research is determined by a few dominating challenges of modern art and pedagogical education. In particular, these are the interaction between the participants in the educational process, given the spread of the pandemic; insufficient development of ways to form the professional competence in students of art and pedagogical specialties; the inertia of art and pedagogical education and, as a consequence, the slow introduction of innovations in higher education; the insufficient reflection of the principles of poly-arts education in art and pedagogical studies.
The nature of poly-arts competence in specialists of art and pedagogical direction specialists has been redefined and adjusted. This competence is interpreted as an integral professional quality of personality. The methodical conditions of its formation have been outlined, embracing the updating of the educational process, use of interactive technologies and methods of personality-oriented learning, the introduction of integration of different levels, etc. Neuropedagogical prerequisites of formation of poly-artistic competence for students of art and pedagogical directions are defined. We have also identified interrelated and complementary aspects of poly-artistic competence (cognitive, reflexive, methodological and procedural), as well as directions of their development.
Prospects for further research lie with the development of the methodological formation of poly-artistic competence for students in art and pedagogical specialties and the subsequent testing of its effectiveness in an actual educational process.
Modern Understanding of Elementary School Teacher Subjectivity
Authors: Zhurat Yuliya , Skoryk Tamara , Bekirova Adile , Martynets Liliia , Pletenytska Lidia , Kramarenko Alla
Published: May 2022

The article highlights modern understanding of subjectivity in primary school teachers and pupils in the theoretical and methodological discourse of the post-Soviet space. It proves that school education functions and develops, on the one hand, according to its traditional laws and regularities, and on the other hand, it represents the pedagogical system, in the centre of which there are people, namely, teachers and pupils. The article refutes an assumption that the personality of the teacher is at the centre of the educational system, and their professional self-realization as a subject of pedagogical activity is aimed at their social, intellectual and activity development. It’s proved that the synergy of self-motivation and subjectivity development is inseparable from the development of a similar mental phenomenon in pupils and is the main content characteristic of teacher’s activity. The essential feature by which the teacher distinguishes and affirms themselves in the space of individual, professional and historical being is their professional subjectivity, that is, self-determination and self-regulation of themselves as a subject of behavior, not only within the framework of pedagogical communication and interaction. The article summarizes innovative ideas about the tasks, roles, indicators of readiness of future teachers, which synergistically develop both their and pupils’ subjectivity. Also, it outlines the prospects for further research, which lie in the theoretical and methodological development of new educational conditions for initiating the subjectivity of the actors in the educational process.
Artistic and Figurative Thinking in the Structure of Educational Activity of Future Masters in Music Art
Authors: Vodianyi Bohdan , Vodiana Valentyna , Bobyk Liliia , Yevhenieva Mariia , Oronovska Larysa , Dovgan Oksana
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to reveal the neuropedagogical aspects of artistic and figurative thinking of future masters of music in the structure of their educational activities. The neuropedagogical approach as a scientific direction is still in its infancy and needs significant support in the educational environment. The degree of demand for continuous education of music specialists to make the right methodological decisions in their professional activities is emphasized. Artistic thinking in the system of training masters in music is a priority and is one of the most important tasks of their educational process at this scientific level. But the search for innovative methods of artistic and figurative perception of musicians is often complicated by an empirical approach to solving this problem.

The specifics of neuropedagogical training for the development of artistic and figurative thinking of higher education students, which is associated with the creative interaction of teacher and student is analyzed. The regularities of training future musicians which are due to the need to solve problems for the development of creative musical and professional thinking  are revealed. The importance of interdisciplinary integration of humanitarian, music-theoretical and special knowledge is emphasized, which is the basis for the formation of a high level of professionalism of future masters in music. The interaction of intellectual, auditory and emotional components in the process of development of artistic and figurative thinking of the future musician is substantiated.
Praxeological Orientation of Professional Training Formation of Future Primary School Teachers
Authors: Pavlenko Vita , Kondratiuk Olena , Vasiutina Tetiana , Lukianchenko Olha , Bobrovytska Svitlana , Koval Viktoriia
Published: May 2022

The study addresses to the modern praxeological approach of professional training of future primary school teachers on the research results application of modern neuroscience. The essence of praxeology as a science and praxeological approach in pedagogical activity is considered. The expediency of praxeological orientation during the professional training of future primary school teachers is substantiated. Theoretical bases of neurosciences studies in the system of pedagogical education and neuropedagogy formation are also considered. Based on the neuromyths spread, the problem of obtaining neuroscientific knowledge by future teachers in the context of praxeological orientation is actualized, which will significantly help to orient the latter to effective and efficient professional activity. The key structural components of the author’s model of primary school teacher’s training using a praxeological approach in the context of modern neuroscience are proposed and described in the study. The key theoretical provisions of the motivational and target component, organizational and procedural, semantic, operational and technological, diagnostic and effective components of the specified model are generalized. The theoretical provisions of modern neuroscience are detailed, which are the basis of the semantic component of the model. The purpose and tasks of the author’s course “Modern neuroscience in the education system” are determined, which is the basis of the content component of the model of training future primary school teachers. Perspective directions of future scientific studies are outlined - research of biological and neural feedback in educational activity.
A Postmodern Approach to Professional Training of Practical Psychologists in HEIs
Authors: Vaskivska Svitlana , Bedan Viktoriia , Yelchaninova Tetiana , Zhvaniia Taras , Symonenko Svitlana , Ponomarenko Olga
Published: May 2022

The article deals with a postmodern approach to professionalization of practical psychologists at the initial stage of their professional training, which requires new approaches. Also, the article considers a postmodern approach to professional training of practical psychologists as systemic and focused on scientific and practical spheres of professional activities of these specialists to realize their educational and professional needs. A postmodern model of their professional training includes competencies, professional activities, personalization, and values. Besides, the article outlines some essential practical tasks. They involve analyzing the acquisition of practical experience in collegial interaction between psychologists and clients at motivational, cognitive, and emotional levels. The article determines psycho-pedagogical factors and criteria for developing these structural components at personal and professional levels. It also highlights the priority factors in psychologists’ professional development and conditions for meeting their educational needs in HEIs. Importantly, HEIs should be able to develop future specialists’ professional consciousness, dialogical competence, and adequate professional self-concept. The article presents the author’s postmodern model of professional training for future practical psychologists along with the socio-psychological development of their professional identity. The model aims to provide students with professional experience so that they can perform their professional duties related to psychological counselling, psychodiagnostics, psychoprophylaxis, psychocorrection and psychological experiments through self-knowledge, self-understanding, and self-acceptance of their personal and professional qualities.
Introspection as a Research Method in Experimental Psychology. Wilhelm Wundt and the Beginnings of Psychology as a Science
Authors: Roca Mihăiță
Published: May 2022

The meeting of the existential challenges, specific to every generation, and the positioning of precedent constructs, insufficient and limited in the transmission of information, is regarded as an important progress factor. In the second half of the XIX century, the existence and pragmatism of inclinations, trends and orientations in Philosophy, Metaphysics and Natural Science would have given a decisive contribution to the formation of the necessary conditions so that the intuitions and experimental research of Wilhelm Wundt conducted to remarkable progress in Psychology. The creation of the first laboratory of Experimental Psychology at the University of Lipsia, in 1879, highlighted the incontrovertible contribution of the introspection method, and, consequently, the history of Psychology registered the birth of Experimental Psychology as a Science.
Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Calves
Authors: Himani K.M. , Nayak Anju , Jogi J. , Rai A. , Gupta V. , Shakya P. , Bordoloi S. , Lade A. , Rajput N. , Gupta B.
Published: May 2022

Background: Cephalosporins are major antimicrobials used to treat serious infections. However, their effectiveness is being compromised by the emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL). The present study was aimed to characterize ESBL producing Escherichia coli from healthy and diarrheic cattle calves. Methods: A total of 52 rectal swabs were collected from healthy and diarrheic cattle calves between August 2019 to March 2020. Phenotypically E. coli were characterized based on morphology, microscopy and biochemical tests. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) E. coli initial screening was performed by using cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam antibiotics. The confirmation of the ESBL producing strains was conducted through ESBL phenotypic identification kit and double disc diffusion test (DDDT). Molecular characterization of ESBL E. coli was conducted by PCR amplification of blaCTX-M, bla TEM and bla AmpC genes. Plasmid profiling of the ESBL E. coli isolates was carried out.
Result: Phenotypically, out of the 51 E. coli isolated, 05 (9.8%) E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL strains. PCR amplification revealed 01 (20%), 04 (80%) and 03 (60%) isolates positive for blaCTX-M, bla TEM and bla AmpC genes, respectively. Plasmid profiling of the isolates showed that 60% isolates were harboring plasmids of varying size and number. The plasmid number among the isolates ranged from 0-4 plasmids per isolate and plasmid size varied from 900bp to greater than 10kb. The relatively high rates of ESBL producers in diarrheic calves were found than healthy calves. The study highlights the existence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates with certain strains carrying mobile genetic elements in livestock and probable disseminators of resistance, thus imposing public health threat.
Reducing Criminal Violence Through Public Sector-led Multisectoral Approaches
Authors: Herbert Sian
Published: May 2022

The last decades have seen increased consensus for the need to understand and address violence through a public health approach, and a preventative approach, as embodied by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16. This necessitates a multi-sector and multi-stakeholder approach, yet poor governance continues to threaten progress on this agenda. Many policy approaches to urban violence tend to take an approach that is either place-based; people-based; or behaviour-based and include a range of initiatives. The INSPIRE initiative is a key global response to tackling violence against women (VAW) and violence against children (VAC) A multisector approach is needed to address the complexity and multifactorial origins of violence. Yet multisector engagement can complicate institutional responses due to different goals, concepts, instruments, etc. Increased collaboration and joined-up approaches across government departments have led to changes in institutions and approaches. The literature base on violence prevention initiatives is varied and uneven across the different types of violence, e.g. with more literature available on interventions focussed on interpersonal and urban violence compared to organised crime-related violence. Evaluations are limited and face many methodological challenges (Cuesta & Alda, 2021) – e.g. the scale and complexity of violence limits the extent to which interventions can be rigorously evaluated or comparable, and most focus on interventions in the Global North. Most importantly, the literature base for this specific question – focussed on the wider institutional context and lessons for a multisectoral approach – is very limited, as most of the available literature focusses on lessons relating to the outcomes of the interventions. In line with the operational focus of this paper, this review draws mainly on practitioner and policy publications. The approaches, interventions, and lessons detailed below are illustrative and are not comprehensive of the many complex lessons relating to this broad area of programming.
Metrics and Indicators to Assess Adaptation
Authors: Price Roz
Published: May 2022

The field of climate change adaptation metrics is complex and fast-changing. Given the highly contextual nature of adaptation and the array of applied definitions of adaptation and “success”, there is no single global set of adaptation metrics and indicators or definition of adaptation success. There is a burgeoning literature on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), how to measure it and adaptation metrics. However, the landscape is scattered and the subject is very complex. Climate impacts and the effects of adaptation measures themselves spill across national borders, although adaptation is still treated as a largely domestic issue despite the global rhetoric of the GGA. This makes an aggregate global goal extremely technically challenging and tracing the plethora of existing indicators and metrics difficult. Furthermore, there is relatively few specific literature directly on the topic of global measurement of adaptation. This rapid review provides information on some of the metrics and measurement approaches in use across national and sub-national government levels. It gives a brief discussion of the issues around measuring the GGA, flags some key resources in this area and also touches on some initiatives and guidance aimed at helping users to select metrics. This is not a systematic review and given the time limitations and the number of adaptation metrics approaches in use, it is only able to provide a small snapshot of current research.
On-farm implementation of integrated weed management
Authors:   Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands, Riemens M. M. , Elings M. ,   Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands
Published: May 2022

IWM is a part of integrated pest management (IPM) and adoption of IWM is an important driver for IPM. Within the project IWMPRAISE we developed a novel framework for integrating and implementing existing and novel approaches to IWM. Understanding the drivers of decision making by farmers are essential for a successful implementation of on farm IWM. In this chapter we review cognitive, social and dispositional factors often associated with the lack of IWM adoption by farmers: Lack of available knowledge on IWM; Limited evidence of efficiency, reliability and cost- effectiveness of IWM; Trade-offs with other parts of the cropping system; Increased complexity involved in IWM; Insufficient infrastructure to support relevant learning and decision making by farmers and land managers; individual values and beliefs of farmers affecting their attitudes to integrated weed management; Resistance to change and perception of risk. Finally, a framework for IWM decision making by farmers is presented.
Traumatismos en los antiguos aborígenes peruanos
Authors: Paico-Vílchez Emiliano , Paico-Zumaeta Emiliano
Published: May 2022

Los autores refieren que, habiendo sido el antiguo Perú un país guerrero y conquistador, con una agreste naturaleza geográfica, y con castigos y sacrificios que coexistían como una práctica normal, los traumatismos eran frecuentes entre los aborígenes.Dan a conocer los tipos de traumatismos que sufrieron los aborígenes peruanos y los métodos médicos - quirúrgicos que emplearon los cirujanos para curar estos males.Finalmente, exhiben ceramios de antiguas culturas peruanas en los que están representados algunos traumatismos y los métodos que se emplearon para curarlos.
The Exacerbation of Lutembatcher Syndrome in The Setting of COVID-19 infection: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nugraha Adriyawan Widya , Azmi Yusuf , Lusida Terrence T. E. , Namretta Lisca , Suyani Nida A. , Laitupa Fitriyani S.
Published: May 2022

Lutembatcher syndrome is a rare cardiac condition characterized by a combination of the atrial septal defect (ASD; congenital or iatrogenic) and mitral stenosis (MS; congenital or acquired). Patients with Lutembatcher syndrome and adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) in general may be at high risk when accompanied by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since there is no published study on the impact of COVID-19 on ACHD, little is known about management strategies in this subset of patients. Herein, we report a young adult female presented with abdominal discomfort, swollen legs, fever, cough, and dyspnea. The patient had developed palpitation and exercise intolerance five years ago but paid it no attention. Echocardiography revealed large secundum type ASD with severe MS (Wilkins score of eight) and a nasopharyngeal swab confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection. The patient was diagnosed with Lutembacher syndrome and COVID-19. Intensive treatment was given to relieve symptoms due to heart failure and to treat COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients with Lutembatcher syndrome are at a higher risk of being infected with COVID-19 and manifest into severe infections. Therefore, determining the risk of infection and the severity of COVID-19 in ACHD patients are required during the pandemic.
A Patient with Acute Myocardial Infarction who Experienced Mortality due to Ventricular Septal Rupture: A Case Report
Authors: Ermawan Romi
Published: May 2022

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is one of the rare complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although the incidence decreased in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) era, the mortality rate remained extremely high. We report a case of an AMI patient who developed a post-fibrinolytic VSR, which was confirmed by echocardiography. Although rescue PCI had been performed, the clinical condition did not improve because he was also having coronary slow flow (CSF). Then he fell into cardiogenic shock and acute lung edema, and died. The main key to dealing with VSR is to reduce afterload so that the left-to-right bypass flow can be reduced in order to maintain the adequate LV stroke volume. In addition to pharmacological therapy, mechanical supportive therapy and correction of VSR both surgically or transcatheterly are required. However, AMI patients with VSR still have a poor prognosis even with the optimal treatment.
Is the Probability of Tossing a Coin Really 50-50%?
Authors: Pletser Vladimir
Published: May 2022

Considering that a fair coin has two sides and a cylindrical edge, the probability that it would fall on its edge is calculated, yielding the probability of heads or tails less than 50%. Theoretical models for a static case and for five dynamic cases, without and with rebounds, show that there is a small probability that the coin does not fall on its head or tail, depending on initial toss conditions, the coin geometry and conditions of the coin and landing surfaces. For the dynamic model with rebounds, it is found that the probability that a 50 Eurocent coin thrown from a normal height with common initial velocity conditions and appropriate surface conditions will end up on its edge is in the order of one against several thousand.
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: An Update
Authors: Avallone Antonio , Bimonte Sabrina , Cardone Claudia , Forte Cira Antonietta , Cascella Marco , Cuomo Arturo
Published: May 2022

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) develops as a challenging nerve-damaging adverse effect of anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy. The disorder may require a dose reduction of chemo-therapy and its most common sensory symptoms are severe pain, tingling, and numbness in the hands and feet. CIPN affects dramatically the patient's quality of life (QoL). Pain and sensory abnormalities may occur for months, or even years after the termination of chemotherapy. This disease has complicated pathophysiology featured by underlying mechanisms not completely known. Although many pharmaco-logical and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches have been tested to overcome these symptoms, there is currently no standardized cure to prevent or treat CIPN. According to current guidelines, Duloxe-tine is the only recommended agent for painful neuropathic symptoms. Therefore, finding effective thera-pies for CIPN is mandatory. The purpose of this review is to dissect CIPN, the target and immunothera-py-based approaches to this disorder, as well as to offer new insights for novel therapeutic perspectives.
Sampling and Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Volatile Metabolites in Cellular Headspace and Mouse Breath
Authors: Issitt Theo , Sweeney Sean T , Brackenbury William J. , Redeker Kelly
Published: May 2022

Volatile compounds, abundant in breath, can be used to accurately diagnose and monitor a range of medical conditions. This offers a non-invasive, low-cost approach with screening applications; however, uptake of this diagnostic approach has been limited by conflicting published outcomes. Most published reports rely on large scale screening of the public, at single time points and without reference to ambient air. Here, we present a novel approach to volatile sampling from cellular headspace and mouse breath that incorporates multi-time point analysis and ambient air subtraction revealing compound flux as an effective proxy of active metabolism. This approach to investigating breath volatiles offers a new avenue for disease biomarker discovery and diagnosis. Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we focus on low molecular weight, metabolic substrate/by-product compounds and demonstrate that this non-invasive technique is sensitive (reproducible at ~1 µg cellular protein, or ~500,000 cells) and capable of precisely determining cell type, status and treatment. Isolated cellular models represent components of larger mammalian systems and we show that stress- and pathology-indicative compounds are detectable in mice, supporting further investigation using this methodology as a tool to identify volatile targets in human patients.
Radiographic Ratios for Classifying Furcation Anatomy. Proposal of a New Evaluation Method and an Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Operator Reliability Study
Authors: Limiroli Enrico , Calò Andrea , Limiroli Alessandro , Rasperini Giulio
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Few studies in literature evaluate the "mean measure" of root divergence. Most of them are linear measurements, they hardly describe the dental furcation conformation. It is left to the subjectivity of the operator deciding whether a furcation is convergent or divergent. The goal of this study is to create a visual evaluation method to overcome these problems giving a conformation of the entire interradicular space. Material and methods: A user-friendly software (Paint®, Windows10®) was used to measure endo-oral radiographs of upper and lower molars. Three kinds of measurements were taken. Three operators used the software to measure 20 radiographs, then the technique was repeated on 250 radiographic images to identify an average measurement. The ratio of these three measurements allowed to develop a new visual evaluation method of the interradicular space. Results: Intra and inter-operator reproducibility was statistically assessed on a sample of 20 anonymous endo-oral radiographs measured by 3 blind operators. Then, a sample of 250 anonymous endo-oral radiographs were measured by a blind operator and were statistically evaluated to identify an average value to define a main conformation of the interradicular space. Measurements made by the 3 operators on the 20 radiographic images showed that the technique is reproducible, and a mean value of the interradicular space was obtained. Conclusions: A new anatomical evaluation of the interradicular space in its entirety, which could help the clinicians in the therapy of furcated molars, can be obtained.
Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide Induces Toxicity in C. elegans and Acute Hepatic and Pulmonary Response in Mice
Authors: Sitia Giovanni , Fiordaliso Fabio , Violatto Martina Bruna , Alarcon Jennifer Fernadez , Talamini Laura , Corbelli Alessandro , Ferreira Lorena Maria , Tran Ngoc Lan , Chakraborty Indranath , Salmona Mario , Parak Wolfgang , Diomede Luisa , Bigini Paolo
Published: May 2022

Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) contains variable percentages of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) posing awareness about its potential effects on human and animal health. Despite many studies, the actual relationship between the physicochemical properties of E171 NPs and their interaction with biological targets is still far from clear. We evaluated the acute toxicity of E171 in invertebrate and vertebrate animals. In the nematode C. elegans, E171 up to 1.0 mg/mL did not affect worm’s viability and lifespan but significantly impaired pharyngeal function, reproduction, and development. We also focused our attention on the fate of E171 after its penetration inside the circulatory tree, investigating whether its intravenous administration to mice could result in an acute over-absorption to filter organs. A significant increase of hepatic Ti concentration and the formation of microgranulomas were observed. Interstitial inflammation and parenchymal modification were found in lung coupled with Ti accumulation, probably due to the propensity of TiO2 NPs to agglomerate, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy experiments showing that the incubation of E171 with serum promoted the formation of compact clusters. Overall, these data emphasize, once again, the actual risk for human and animal exposure to E171.
Evaluation of the Applicability of the ERA5 Reanalysis for Interpretation of the Polarization Laser Sensing Data of the High-Level Clouds in Western Siberia
Authors: Bryukhanov Ilya , Penzin Maxim , Kuchinskaia Olesia , Ni Evgeny , Pustovalov Konstantin , Bryukhanova Valentina , Kirillov Nikolay , Zhivotenyuk Ivan , Doroshkevich Anton , Stykon Alexander , Bordulev Iurii , Kostyukhin Vadim , Samokhvalov Ignatiy
Published: May 2022

This article presents results of the polarization laser studies of the optical and microphysical characteristics of the high-level clouds (HLC). The high-altitude matrix polarization lidar (HAMPL; Tomsk, Russia) is described. HAMPL measures vertical profiles of all elements of the backscattering phase matrix (BSPM) of the HLC. Based on the joint analysis of lidar and radiosonde observations it is shown that the spatial structure of the HLC containing oriented ice crystals is inhomogeneous in the horizontal wind direction. It includes local areas with oriented particles; the sizes of such areas are estimated together with the most probable meteorological conditions of their formation. The shortcomings of the radiosonde observations performed closest to the location of the HAMPL are described. The applicability of the ERA5 reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for use as an alternative source of information on the vertical profiles of meteorological quantities for the interpretation of HLC lidar sensing data in Western Siberia was checked.
A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blinded, Parallel Group Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AEV01 for Mild COVID19 in Elderly Patients at Risk of Complications
Authors: KANNAN RAMESH , MURALIKUMAR VANITHA , ANNAM VAMSEEDHAR , BALAN SAKTHI , KUMAR ARAVINDA , MM SEKHAR , MEDASANI RENU
Published: May 2022

Background: While several drugs are in the pipeline for treatment of various grades of COVID-19 disease, none of them have shown promise until now. Medicinal plants are crucial in developing and developed countries for their primary and basic health needs owing to better tolerability, superior compatibility with human body and having lesser side effects. AEV01 , a speciality extract of kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa), is one potential medicinal herb which can be effective for mild COVID19 in elderly patients at risk of complications and aging immunity. Purpose: The efficacy and safety of AEV01 for mild COVID-19 in elderly patients at risk of complications was investigated in this study. Study design: A prospective, phase 3, randomized, multicentric, placebo controlled double blinded parallel group interventional trial. Methods: This study was conducted in elderly patients diagnosed as COVID-19 with mild symptoms. 70 patients were randomized into two groups to receive AEV01 capsule (100mg) and placebo respectively thrice daily for 30 days along with standard care of treatment as per national WHO/ICMR guidelines. Clinical improvement timelines and corresponding scores using 8-point ordinal scale and NEWS were assessed for efficacy and safety of AEV01 in COVID-19 patients. Results: AEV01 group showed a significant improvement (P=0.0001) in the normalization of the SpO2 rate and relief from cough. There was also significant difference in time to recovery, with patients in the AEV01 drugtreated group recovering in 4.5 days as compared to Placebo in 9.1 days. ESR, LDH, serum ferritin, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), TNF- alpha, IL-6 and CD4 cell counts, which are considered as prognostic markers in COVID19 infected patients, showed a significant improvement in patients treated with AEV01. The AEV01 drug treated group showed significant clinical improvement in the 8-point ordinal scale severity rating and NEW Score from day 3 onwards which continued up to end of study. Conclusion: AEV01 has shown a significant improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters. There was also reduction in the progression of the COVID-19 disease in unvaccinated elderly patients from mild to moderate when treated at an earlier stage.
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of modules and biomarkers in early-phase acute lung injury with time-series gene expression profile
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Yanming , Fan Lili , Cui Zhengjun
Published: May 2022

Background: The pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) is affected by a complex network of molecular factors and/or pathways; however, the time-series molecular mechanisms profile underlying ALI are unclear. Therefore, Time-series gene expression dataset GSE2565 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify time-series hub modules and genes and explore their associations with the progression of ALI. Methods: Time-series gene expression dataset GSE2565 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus, the data were normalized, differentially expressed genes were screened, and WGCNA was performed to identify hub modules. In addition, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, and integration of module analysis and CytoHubba analysis were used to identify hub genes. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to measure the predictive accuracy of the hub genes. Results: Module–trait analysis revealed that the red module, which was negatively correlated with the 8-h analysis time-point, was mainly involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, whereas the pink module, which was positively correlated with the 8-h analysis time-point, was mainly involved in regulation of cell death. Five hub genes, Bnip3, Cdh11, Fam134b, Sult1a1, and Zbtb16, were identified following ROC curve analysis. Conclusions: our analysis of time-series expression data identified co-expression modules and pathways that were correlated with early-phase ALI. Moreover, the hub genes identified could provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ALI.
A retrospective review of vaccine wastage and associated risk factors in the Littoral Region of Cameroon during 2016-2017
Authors: Nkenyi Rene , Pak Gi Deok , Chon Yun , Tonga Calvin , Park Se Eun , Kang Sunjoo
Published: May 2022

Background
Immunization is an effective preventive health intervention. In Cameroon, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) aims to vaccinate children under five years of age for free, but vaccination coverage has consistently remained below the national target. Vaccines are distributed based on the target population size, factoring in wastage norms. However, vaccine wastage rates (VWR) may differ among various settings. Our study aimed to assess vaccine wastage for different site settings, seasonality, and vaccine types in comparison to vaccination coverage in order to provide comprehensive insights on vaccine wastage.
Methods
A retrospective data collection and analysis was conducted on the immunization and vaccine wastage data in the Littoral Region of Cameroon during the period of 2016 and 2017. Health districts were classified as urban or rural, seasonality was categorized as rainy or dry season, and vaccine types were grouped into liquid, lyophilized, oral, and injectable vaccines. The VWR and vaccination coverage rates (VCR) were calculated, and the vaccine waste factor was investigated.
Results
The VWR of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (32.19%) was the highest, followed by measles and rubella (19.05%) and yellow fever (18.34%) among all EPI vaccines in the Littoral Region of Cameroon during 2016 and 2017. Single-dose vaccine vials exhibited lower VWR than multi-dose vials. Dry season was associated with higher VWR for most vaccines though more lyophilized vaccines (BCG, MR, YF vaccines) were wasted in rainy season in 2016. VWR was persistently higher in rural than urban health districts. The months of February and November saw a decrease in VCR. The study found an overall negative correlation between VCR and VWR.
Conclusions
Multiple factors may cause wastage of EPI vaccines in Cameroon. Vaccination area characteristics, seasonality, types of vaccines such as multi- or single-dose, lyophilized or injectable vaccines are related to VWR in Littoral Region. Further research on vaccine wastage and vaccination coverage across Cameroon is needed to better understand the socio-behavioural aspect of vaccine in-take that may affect the level of vaccination and vaccine wastage. Public health system strengthening is warranted to adapt more real-time monitoring of VWR and VCR for each vaccine in the government’s immunization programs.