bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave‐Driven Vertical Sorting of Density‐Varying Particles
Authors: Zhang Jiaye , Rafati Yashar , Hsu Tian‐Jian , Calantoni Joseph , Romaniello Steve
Published: March 2024

It has been recognized that the vertical sorting of polydispersed sand grains via the “Brazil Nut effect” can lead to inverse grading (upward coarsening) in the surface layer of a sand bed. However, the addition of nonnative particles not inherently observed on the beach, characterized by different densities and sizes, may complicate the vertical sorting processes and the fate of the nonnative particles. For example, olivine particles, which may be released on natural sandy beaches to facilitate carbon dioxide capture via weathering from wave action, have a density about 25% larger than the typical native sands. An Eulerian‐Lagrangian model, which couples Computational Fluid Dynamics for the fluid phase and Discrete Element Method for the particle phase was utilized to investigate how the so‐called “Reverse Brazil Nut effect” due to the larger density of nonnative (olivine) particles may be counteracted by the so‐called “Brazil Nut effect” for a range of nonnative particle sizes. Numerical simulations showed that the higher‐density nonnative particles tended to sink into the sand bed consistent with the “Reverse Brazil Nut effect”; however, the vertical sorting structure of native sand, driven by the “Brazil Nut effect,” also was a controlling factor determining the fate of nonnative particles. To maintain the presence of the nonnative (olivine) particles in the active layer of sediment transport, the higher‐density nonnative particle size must be larger than the mean native sand size found at the bottom of the active layer.
Anti-metabolic agent pegaspargase plus PD-1 antibody sintilimab for first-line treatment in advanced natural killer T cell lymphoma
Authors: Xiong Jie , Cheng Shu , Gao Xiao , Yu Shan-He , Dai Yu-Ting , Huang Xin-Yun , Zhong Hui-Juan , Wang Chao-Fu , Yi Hong-Mei , Zhang Hao , Cao Wei-Guo , Li Rong , Tang Wei , Zhao Yan , Xu Peng-Peng , Wang Li , Zhao Wei-Li
Published: March 2024

Natural killer T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is highly aggressive, with advanced stage patients poorly responding to intensive chemotherapy. To explore effective and safe treatment for newly diagnosed advanced stage NKTCL, we conducted a phase II study of anti-metabolic agent pegaspargase plus PD-1 antibody sintilimab (NCT04096690). Twenty-two patients with a median age of 51 years (range, 24–74) were enrolled and treated with induction treatment of pegaspargase 2500 IU/m2 intramuscularly on day 1 and sintilimab 200 mg intravenously on day 2 for 6 cycles of 21 days, followed by maintenance treatment of sintilimab 200 mg for 28 cycles of 21 days. The complete response and overall response rate after induction treatment were 59% (95%CI, 43–79%) and 68% (95%CI, 47–84%), respectively. With a median follow-up of 30 months, the 2 year progression-free and overall survival rates were 68% (95%CI, 45–83%) and 86% (95%CI, 63–95%), respectively. The most frequently grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (32%, n = 7) and hypofibrinogenemia (18%, n = 4), which were manageable and led to no discontinuation of treatment. Tumor proportion score of PD-L1, peripheral blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I correlated with good response, while PD-1 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral Treg cells with poor response to pegaspargase plus sintilimab treatment. In conclusion, the chemo-free regimen pegaspargase plus sintilimab was effective and safe in newly diagnosed, advanced stage NKTCL. Dysregulated lipid profile and immunosuppressive signature contributed to treatment resistance, providing an alternative therapeutic approach dual targeting fatty acid metabolism and CTLA-4 in NKTCL.
Cell-cycle inhibition and immune microenvironment in breast cancer treated with ribociclib and letrozole or chemotherapy
Authors: Pascual Tomás , Fernandez-Martinez Aranzazu , Agrawal Yash , Pfefferle Adam D. , Chic Nuria , Brasó-Maristany Fara , Gonzàlez-Farré Blanca , Paré Laia , Villacampa Guillermo , Saura Cristina , Hernando Cristina , Muñoz Montserrat , Galván Patricia , Gonzàlez-Farré Xavier , Oliveira Mafalda , Gil-Gil Miguel , Ciruelos Eva , Villagrasa Patricia , Gavilá Joaquín , Prat Aleix , Perou Charles M.
Published: March 2024

In this study, we performed genomic analyses of cell cycle and tumor microenvironment changes during and after ribociclib and letrozole or chemotherapy in the CORALLEEN trial. 106 women with untreated PAM50-defined Luminal B early breast cancers were randomly assigned to receive neoadjuvant ribociclib and letrozole or standard-of-care chemotherapy. Ki67 immunohistochemistry, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes quantification, and RNA sequencing were obtained from tissue biopsies pre-treatment, on day 14 of treatment, and tumor specimens from surgical resection. Results showed that at surgery, Ki67 and the PAM50 proliferation scores were lower after ribociclib compared to chemotherapy. However, consistent reactivation of tumor cell proliferation from day 14 to surgery was only observed in the ribociclib arm. In tumors with complete cell cycle arrest (CCCA) at surgery, PAM50 proliferation scores were lower in the ribociclib arm compared to chemotherapy (p < 0.001), whereas the opposite was observed with tumor cellularity (p = 0.002). Gene expression signatures (GES) associated with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and innate immune system activity showed increased expression post-chemotherapy but decreased expression post-ribociclib. Interferon-associated GES had decreased expression with CCCA and increased expression with non-CCCA. Our findings suggest that while both treatment strategies decreased proliferation, the depth and the patterns over time differed by treatment arm. Immunologically, ribociclib was associated with downregulated GES associated with APCs and the innate immune system in Luminal B tumors, contrary to existing preclinical data. Further studies are needed to understand the effect of CDK4/6 inhibition on the tumor cells and microenvironment, an effect which may vary according to tumor subtypes.
Microgravity effects on nonequilibrium melt processing of neodymium titanate: thermophysical properties, atomic structure, glass formation and crystallization
Authors: Wilke Stephen K. , Al-Rubkhi Abdulrahman , Koyama Chihiro , Ishikawa Takehiko , Oda Hirohisa , Topper Brian , Tsekrekas Elizabeth M. , Möncke Doris , Alderman Oliver L. G. , Menon Vrishank , Rafferty Jared , Clark Emma , Kastengren Alan L. , Benmore Chris J. , Ilavsky Jan , Neuefeind Jörg , Kohara Shinji , SanSoucie Michael , Phillips Brandon , Weber Richard
Published: March 2024

The relationships between materials processing and structure can vary between terrestrial and reduced gravity environments. As one case study, we compare the nonequilibrium melt processing of a rare-earth titanate, nominally 83TiO2-17Nd2O3, and the structure of its glassy and crystalline products. Density and thermal expansion for the liquid, supercooled liquid, and glass are measured over 300–1850 °C using the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) in microgravity, and two replicate density measurements were reproducible to within 0.4%. Cooling rates in ELF are 40–110 °C s−1 lower than those in a terrestrial aerodynamic levitator due to the absence of forced convection. X-ray/neutron total scattering and Raman spectroscopy indicate that glasses processed on Earth and in microgravity exhibit similar atomic structures, with only subtle differences that are consistent with compositional variations of ~2 mol. % Nd2O3. The glass atomic network contains a mixture of corner- and edge-sharing Ti-O polyhedra, and the fraction of edge-sharing arrangements decreases with increasing Nd2O3 content. X-ray tomography and electron microscopy of crystalline products reveal substantial differences in microstructure, grain size, and crystalline phases, which arise from differences in the melt processes.
Biodiversity–production feedback effects lead to intensification traps in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Burian Alfred , Kremen Claire , Wu James Shyan-Tau , Beckmann Michael , Bulling Mark , Garibaldi Lucas Alejandro , Krisztin Tamás , Mehrabi Zia , Ramankutty Navin , Seppelt Ralf
Published: March 2024

Intensive agriculture with high reliance on pesticides and fertilizers constitutes a major strategy for ‘feeding the world’. However, such conventional intensification is linked to diminishing returns and can result in ‘intensification traps’—production declines triggered by the negative feedback of biodiversity loss at high input levels. Here we developed a novel framework that accounts for biodiversity feedback on crop yields to evaluate the risk and magnitude of intensification traps. Simulations grounded in systematic literature reviews showed that intensification traps emerge in most landscape types, but to a lesser extent in major cereal production systems. Furthermore, small reductions in maximal production (5–10%) could be frequently transmitted into substantial biodiversity gains, resulting in small-loss large-gain trade-offs prevailing across landscape types. However, sensitivity analyses revealed a strong context dependence of trap emergence, inducing substantial uncertainty in the identification of optimal management at the field scale. Hence, we recommend the development of case-specific safety margins for intensification preventing double losses in biodiversity and food security associated with intensification traps.
Emerging roles of SIRT1 activator, SRT2104, in disease treatment
Authors: Chang Ning , Li Junyang , Lin Sufen , Zhang Jinfeng , Zeng Weiqiang , Ma Guoda , Wang Yajun
Published: March 2024

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent class III deacetylase that plays important roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, positioning it as a prime candidate for therapeutic intervention. Among its modulators, SRT2104 emerges as the most specific small molecule activator of SIRT1, currently advancing into the clinical translation phase. The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the emerging roles of SRT2104, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent in various diseases. In the present review, we systematically summarized the findings from an extensive array of literature sources including the progress of its application in disease treatment and its potential molecular mechanisms by reviewing the literature published in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We focuses on the strides made in employing SRT2104 for disease treatment, elucidating its potential molecular underpinnings based on preclinical and clinical research data. The findings reveal that SRT2104, as a potent SIRT1 activator, holds considerable therapeutic potential, particularly in modulating metabolic and longevity-related pathways. This review establishes SRT2104 as a leading SIRT1 activator with significant therapeutic promise.
Temporal dynamics of urban gas pipeline risks
Authors: Rahimi Fatema , Sadeghi-Niaraki Abolghasem , Ghodousi Mostafa , Abuhmed Tamer , Choi Soo-Mi
Published: March 2024

Urban gas pipelines pose significant risks to public safety and infrastructure integrity, necessitating thorough risk assessment methodologies to mitigate potential hazards. This study investigates the dynamics of population distribution, demographic characteristics, and building structures to assess the risk associated with gas pipelines. Using geospatial analysis techniques, we analyze population distribution patterns during both day and night periods. Additionally, we conduct an in-depth vulnerability assessment considering multiple criteria maps, highlighting areas of heightened vulnerability in proximity to gas pipelines and older buildings. This study incorporated the concept of individual risk and the intrinsic parameters of gas pipelines to develop a hazard map. Hazard analysis identifies areas with elevated risks, particularly around main pipeline intersections and high-pressure zones. Integrating hazard and vulnerability assessments, we generate risk maps for both day and night periods, providing valuable insights into spatial risk distribution dynamics. The findings underscore the importance of considering temporal variations in risk assessment and integrating demographic and structural factors into hazard analysis for informed decision-making in pipeline management and safety measures.
A new secure offloading approach for internet of vehicles in fog-cloud federation
Authors: Salami Yashar , Khajehvand Vahid , Zeinali Esmaeil
Published: March 2024

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) plays a crucial role in advancing intelligent transportation systems. However, due to limited processing power, IoV faces challenges in independently handling large volumes of data, necessitating the use of offloading as a solution. Offloading data in wireless environments raises security concerns, highlighting the need for robust data protection mechanisms. This study introduces a secure offloading (SO) scheme within the Fog-Cloud Federation for IoV. The proposed NSO-VFC scheme undergoes both informal and formal analysis using the Avispa tool, demonstrating resilience against active and passive attacks. Performance evaluations indicate that the security measures of NSO-VFC meet acceptable standards compared to similar approaches. Nonetheless, the heightened focus on security incurs higher computational and communication costs than alternative strategies. Simulation experiments using the NS3 tool involve varying numbers of IoVs (50, 70, and 100), revealing that increased IoV density correlates with enhanced packet delivery rates and throughput within the NSO-VFC scheme.
A Chinese named entity recognition model incorporating recurrent cell and information state recursion
Authors: Han Qingbin , Ma Jialin
Published: March 2024

Chinese is characterized by high syntactic complexity, chaotic annotation granularity, and slow convergence. Joint learning models can effectively improve the accuracy of Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER), but they focus too much on local feature information and reduce the ability of long sequence feature extraction. To address the limitations of long sequence feature extraction ability, we propose a Chinese NER model called Incorporating Recurrent Cell and Information State Recursion (IRCSR-NER). The model integrates recurrent cells and information state recursion to improve the recognition ability of long entity boundaries. To solve the problem that Chinese and English have different focuses in syntactic analysis. We use the syntactic dependency approach to add lexical relationship information to sentences represented at the word level. The IRCSR-NER is applied to sequence feature extraction to improve the model efficiency and long-text feature extraction ability. The model captures contextual long-distance dependent information while focusing on local feature information. We evaluated our proposed model using four public datasets and compared it with other mainstream models. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms traditional and mainstream models.
Exploring the phototoxicity of GSH-resistant 2-(5,6-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline-based Ir(iii)-PTA complexes in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells
Authors: Das Utpal , Paira Priyankar
Published: March 2024

A GSH-resistant 2-(5,6-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline-based Ir(iii)-PTA complex has been developed for selective phototherapy against TNBC cells.
Mechanism of lithium ion selectivity through membranes: a brief review
Authors: Zhang Jian , Gao Qiang , Han Bo , Zhou Chenggang
Published: March 2024

The ion transportation process through a membrane was divided into 3 sequential stages, where the ion selectivity could be determined by the ion charge, hydration energy, channel size and surface chemistry.
Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnGa2O4 nanophosphors with high internal quantum efficiency for near-infrared pc-LEDs
Authors: Fang Chengping , Wang Shuoheng , Wei Shuai , Xu Qingxian , Lyu Zeyu , Shen Sida , Tan Taixing , You Hongpeng
Published: March 2024

ZnGa2O4:xCr3+,yNi2+ nanophosphors exhibiting excellent luminescence performance in the second near-infrared region via an energy transfer process and near-infrared phosphor-conversion LED (NIR pc-LED) application for infrared imaging.
Recent progress in the development of catalysts for propane dehydrogenation in the presence of CO2
Authors: Li Kai-Xin , Cai Xin , Liu Hong-Bin , Liu Xin-Yu , Shan Yu-Ling , Feng Xiang , Chen De
Published: March 2024

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) has become an important strategy to address the ever-increasing global demand for propene.
A low-cost and large-area modular nickel electrode on aramid fabric for efficient solar-driven water electrolysis
Authors: Yuan Yuling , Mao Zhiping , Xu Hong , Abdi Fatwa F. , Ma Yimeng
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate a water electrolysis device consisting of two 10 cm2 Ni/aramid flexible electrodes with a Si solar cell with >13% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency over 120 hours stability.
Agriculteurs, citadins et élus locaux : comment transformer une plaine viticole méditerranéenne en un territoire périurbain nourricier ?
Authors: Hasnaoui Amri Nabil , Etienne Laura , Soulard Christophe-Toussaint , Michel Isabelle
Published: March 2024

Les agriculteurs confrontés à l’étalement urbain sont diversement en phase avec les demandes des citadins en services et produits alimentaires locaux. Notre étude de la plaine Ouest de Montpellier, en France, ville côtière méditerranéenne particulièrement attractive, révèle le maintien d’une base agricole viticole coexistant avec de nouvelles formes d’agriculture. Des entretiens auprès d’agriculteurs, d’élus, de planificateurs agricoles et urbains ont permis d’identifier huit profils d’exploitations agricoles périurbaines. Face à l’avancée rapide de la ville, l’analyse de leurs pratiques et des relations entre elles, avec les citadins et les responsables locaux, révèle des stratégies spatiales et sociales qui leur permettent de s’intégrer à la ville et de se maintenir. Mais il existe un décalage entre ces initiatives agricoles locales et une politique territoriale ambitieuse visant à soutenir une transition écologique etalimentaire. Nos analyses peuvent contribuer à faciliter la co-construction de nouvelles politiques locales inclusives cohérentes avec la mosaïque agricole existante.
Technology of the porous granular material out of thermal power engineering waste
Authors: Miryuk Olga
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of resource-saving technology development of porous granular material. Research is devoted to the development of scientific ideas about highly porous structures formation. The research objective is to develop a low-energy technology for producing porous granules based on the multiple use of thermal power engineering waste. Research novelty lies in conformity with a principle of combined porous structure’s formation of granules during thermal swelling of molding sand based on technogenic materials. Mixture of liquid sodium glass, fly ash and ash aluminosilicate microsphere has been developed to obtain the granules. Techniques for granulating liquid glass mixture have been developed. The parameters for thermal treatment of granules have been established to ensure formation of a strong, porous, and water-resistant structure. Physicomechanical and thermal properties of porous granules fired at a temperature of 350°С were studied. Microstructure of the fired granules was studied; their porosity is of 78 – 80%, bulk density is 210 – 230 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.084 – 0.085 W/(m·°С). There has been developed a technological scheme for production of a granular material based on finely dispersed thermal power engineering waste. Comparative analysis of characteristics of the developed material and expanded clay was carried out.
Peculiarities of cryogenic pipelines insulation selection at small scale liquefied natural gas production and consumption facilities
Authors: Bezdenezhnykh Ilia , Beznosov Aleksandr
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the typical design and materials of thermal insulation of cryogenic pipelines, compares them on the basis of thermal conductivity, and considers the key differences in the regulatory and technical documents of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China and the European Union, which should be taken into account in the design of thermal insulation of pipelines at low-tonnage LNG facilities. A number of regulatory requirements in the Russian Federation restrict the use of commonly used materials such as polyisocyanurate and pouleorethane foam without the development of a safety case or the use of additional compensating measures. Thermal insulation structures based on aerogels or foam glass are acceptable, but have a number of shortcomings.
Analysis of climate risks in the Arctic zone
Authors: Skripnik Oksana Bogdanovna
Published: March 2024

The article examines the problematic aspects and risks of sustainable development of the Arctic zone of Russia in the context of ongoing climate change. It has been revealed that climate change is one of the reasons for the acceleration of erosion processes, which can lead to risks of destruction of infrastructure facilities, as well as restrain the development of the region's economy as a whole. The ongoing changes also threaten the biodiversity of the region and impede access to the economic resources of the region. Mitigating climate risks in the Arctic and ensuring its economic development are complex and complex tasks that can be solved through the implementation of public policy and cooperation between the public and the scientific community. Risk mitigation can be ensured through the implementation of ESG principles in Arctic industrial enterprises. A promising tool for environmental risk management is to take advantage of international cooperation. Also, the implementation of the state policy in the field of environmental management will help mitigate the negative impact of climate change.
Analyzing the physic-chemical properties of Gallaorol springs is the basis for creating their ecological passport (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Tashpulatova S.A. , Turabayev A.N. , Jurayeva O.X.
Published: March 2024

Water samples were taken from 12 springs in the Gallaorol district of the Jizzakh region of Uzbekistan, and their physical and chemical properties (odor, color level, cloudy, sediment, clarity, oxygen, demand, oxidability, XPK, alkalinity, acidity, pH, dry residue, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, CO32−, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, total hardness, SiO2, J, Br, B, general mineralization, carbon content (organic content), CO2, H2S, K, Na, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Co, As, CNS, Al) were thoroughly analyzed in the laboratory of water and the indicators of the results were studied. The results of the research will serve as an important source for the creation of environmental passports of regional springs in the future. Coordinated address pointers presented in the article will be used as important information in the next scientific step in creating special maps of springs in this district and determining route directions. In creating an ecological passport of springs, their physical and chemical results, indicators of coordination measurements, information about their location and the environmental conditions of the spring play a key role.
Model for forest ecosystems based on quantum optimization
Authors: Mukhamedieva D.T. , Raupova M.H.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a mathematical model developed to describe the dynamics of forest ecosystems. The model is based on the principles of cross-diffusion, consider the interaction between two plant species in a forest environment. The model considers various parameters, like diffusion, growth and interaction coefficients and environmental capacities between species. Factors of influence of external conditions on each species of plants are also introduced. The differential equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. This paper studies cross-diffusion dynamics by combining classical differential equations and quantum-inspired optimization techniques. The focus is on cross-diffusion processes, where populations interact through complex mechanisms of diffusion and reaction. The study uses a hybrid approach that combines classical methods for solving differential equations with quantum optimization, a quantum computing platform. Visualization of the results is presented in the form of 3D graphs reflecting the spatial distribution of plant populations in a forest ecosystem at various time steps. The resulting mathematical model and its visualization provide a tool for a deeper understanding of the influence of various factors on the dynamics of forest ecosystems. Analysis of such a model could be useful for predicting longterm changes in forests and developing sustainable forest management strategies.
Dynamics and characteristics of allergenic plant pollen in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Jumayeva Zamira , Nurullayeva Nodira , Nozimova Aziza , Tursunboev Xamdam , Dosjanova Gavhar
Published: March 2024

The article describes the quantitative and qualitative indicators of more than twenty allergenic plant pollens in the city of Samarkand. In addition, information on the morphological microscopic structure of plant pollen collected from the urban area is given. As a result of research, in the city of Samarkand Cupressaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Salicaceae, Fagaceae. It was found that there are many allergenic species in family representatives.
Analysis of the quality of measurements of permanent base stations (UZPOS) in the territory of Samarkand
Authors: Tukhtamishev Shukhrat , Suyunov Shukhrat , Mirzaev Anvar , Urokov Olim , Berdikulov Usmon
Published: March 2024

The article analyses the quality of GNSS measurements linked to permanent base stations (UZPOS) in the Samarkand region. For fullfledged, high-quality work and analysis of observations, existing state geodetic points were used. To carry out high-quality geodetic work, recommendations, instructions, and guidance materials describing the most modern geodetic methods and technologies must be drawn up. Existing state geodetic triangulation points were selected in such a way that one of them was as close as possible and, conversely, one as far away as possible from the permanent base stations located in the Samarkand region.
The influence of halal labeled food products in purchasing decisions
Authors: Alfaini Atthala Adeliana , Suprapti Isdiana , Hasan Fuad , Destiarni Resti Prastika , Rahayu Peni Sinto
Published: March 2024

The obligation to have a halal certificate in the form of the inclusion of a halal label for business actorsis an obligation that must be fulfilled by MSME actors according to the rules set by the government until 2024. The existence of a halal label on a product provides certainty that the MSME has carried out halal certification, so as to increase consumer confidence in making purchases. Thepurpose of this study is to determine the characteristics, attitudes, and stages of final consumer decisions in purchasing halal-labeled food products in Pamekasan Regency.The sampling technique in the study used accidental sampling technique. The data analysis method uses descriptive analysis and Fischbein analysis. The results showed that consumer characteristics are dominated by men of productive age and have a good level of education and finance. The large total attitude value with a very positive category shows that consumers in Pamekasan Regency agree with all attributes in purchasing decisions for halal labeled food products and allow repeat purchases. The purchase decision stage is a form of further reaction from the positive attitude of consumers generated so that consumers purchase food products labeled halal in Pamekasan Regency. This research recommendation is intended for business actors to pay attention to the attributes of their product packaging with complete information, because these attributes are most paid attention to consumers and have the highest attitude value in purchasing decisions for halal labeled food products.
Hot press machine user interface design based on usability evaluation
Authors: Salimah Shofi Fitrotis , Akhmad Sabarudin , Arendra Anis , Ilhamsah Heri Awalul
Published: March 2024

The success of a tool depends on user satisfaction, and users will feel satisfied if they can do their work effectively and efficiently. The Hotpress machine has been developed for the 3rd generation and is currently a tool for processing plastic waste into a substitute for plywood. This research aims to evaluate the usability level of the Hotpress G3 machine and design a user interface based on the evaluation results to make it easier for users to operate the machine. The Nielsen Attributes of Usability (NAU) Questionnaire is used to evaluate a machine's usability level, and Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA) is used to identify problems in user interaction with a product or system. The results obtained from this research are that based on the five attributes used, the Hotpress G3 machine has a low rating in four usability aspects based on the Nielsen model. Based on the results of the usability evaluation, a recommended user interface was designed, namely adding information to each control button according to its function, adding a sensor to determine whether the heating switch is on or not and providing information about the maximum temperature by adding an alarm to the engine box.
Chemical domino card game integrated with "Jamu Madura" natural materials in improving students' science literacy
Authors: Astid Putera Dwi Bagus Rendy , Hadi Wiwin Puspita
Published: March 2024

The Domino card game media for chemical elements is integrated with natural Madurese herbal ingredients as an alternative media for learning elemental chemistry. Science literacy skills are needed in the learning process, as well as activities in society along with the development of access to information and communication in science content. This research aims to analyze the effect of implementing a chemical Domino card game with integrated elements of Madurese herbal medicine on increasing students' science literacy. This research is a quasi-experimental research with Non-equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. This research was conducted in class XII SMA with a sample size of 60 students. Sample selection was carried out randomly. Science literacy skills were measured using an 8-item essay test. The science literacy indicators used are explain scientific phenomena, evaluate and design scientific investigations, and interpret data scientifically. Data were analyzed using a single ANCOVA with pretest as a covariate. The results of the research show that there is a significant influence of the application of web-based elemental chemistry Domino cards on students' science literacy skills in elemental chemistry material. These results indicate that web-based elemental chemistry Domino cards can improve students' science literacy skills in chemistry learning.
The (a, b)-monochromatic transversal game on clique-hypergraphs of powers of cycles
Authors: Mendes Wilder P. , Dantas Simone , Gravier Sylvain
Published: March 2024

We study the (a, b)-monochromatic transversal game that is a combinatorial Maker–Breaker game where Alice and Bob alternately colour a vertices in red and b vertices in blue of a hypergraph, respectively. Either player is enabled to start the game. Alice tries to construct a hyperedge transversal, and Bob tries to prevent this. The winner is Alice if she obtains a red hyperedge transversal; otherwise, Bob wins the game if he obtains a monochromatic blue hyperedge. Maker–Breaker games were determined to be PSPACE-complete. In this work, we analyze the game played on clique-hypergraphs of powers of cycles, and we show strategies that, depending on the choice of the parameters, allow a specific player to win the game.
Engineering models of head and neck and oral cancers on-a-chip
Authors: da Costa Sousa Mauricio Goncalves , Vignolo Sofia M. , Franca Cristiane Miranda , Mereness Jared , Alves Fraga May Anny , Silva-Sousa Alice Corrêa , Benoit Danielle S. W. , Bertassoni Luiz Eduardo
Published: March 2024

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) rank as the sixth most common cancer globally and result in over 450 000 deaths annually. Despite considerable advancements in diagnostics and treatment, the 5-year survival rate for most types of HNCs remains below 50%. Poor prognoses are often attributed to tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. These characteristics are difficult to replicate using in vitro or in vivo models, culminating in few effective approaches for early detection and therapeutic drug development. Organs-on-a-chip offer a promising avenue for studying HNCs, serving as microphysiological models that closely recapitulate the complexities of biological tissues within highly controllable microfluidic platforms. Such systems have gained interest as advanced experimental tools to investigate human pathophysiology and assess therapeutic efficacy, providing a deeper understanding of cancer pathophysiology. This review outlines current challenges and opportunities in replicating HNCs within microphysiological systems, focusing on mimicking the soft, glandular, and hard tissues of the head and neck. We further delve into the major applications of organ-on-a-chip models for HNCs, including fundamental research, drug discovery, translational approaches, and personalized medicine. This review emphasizes the integration of organs-on-a-chip into the repertoire of biological model systems available to researchers. This integration enables the exploration of unique aspects of HNCs, thereby accelerating discoveries with the potential to improve outcomes for HNC patients.
Site-specific regulation of Th2 differentiation within lymph node microenvironments
Authors: Lyons-Cohen Miranda R. , Shamskhou Elya A. , Gerner Michael Y.
Published: March 2024

T helper 2 (Th2) responses protect against pathogens while also driving allergic inflammation, yet how large-scale Th2 responses are generated in tissue context remains unclear. Here, we used quantitative imaging to investigate early Th2 differentiation within lymph nodes (LNs) following cutaneous allergen administration. Contrary to current models, we observed extensive activation and “macro-clustering” of early Th2 cells with migratory type-2 dendritic cells (cDC2s), generating specialized Th2-promoting microenvironments. Macro-clustering was integrin-mediated and promoted localized cytokine exchange among T cells to reinforce differentiation, which contrasted the behavior during Th1 responses. Unexpectedly, formation of Th2 macro-clusters was dependent on the site of skin sensitization. Differences between sites were driven by divergent activation states of migratory cDC2 from different dermal tissues, with enhanced costimulatory molecule expression by cDC2 in Th2-generating LNs promoting prolonged T cell activation, macro-clustering, and cytokine sensing. Thus, the generation of dedicated Th2 priming microenvironments through enhanced costimulatory molecule signaling initiates Th2 responses in vivo and occurs in a skin site-specific manner.
Space-like asymptotics of the thermal two-point functions of the XXZ spin-1/2 chain
Authors: Göhmann Frank , Kozlowski Karol K
Published: March 2024

This work proposes a closed formula for the leading term of the large-distance and long-time asymptotics in a cone of the space-like regime for the transverse dynamical two-point functions of the XXZ spin 1/2 chain at finite temperatures. The result follows from a simple analysis of the thermal form factor series for dynamical correlation functions. The obtained leading asymptotics are driven by the Bethe Ansatz data associated with the first sub-leading eigenvalue of the quantum transfer matrix.
Study on blade vibration of centrifugal compressor - Forced responses caused by casing treatment
Authors: Yonemura Atsushi , Shimohara Naoto , Tokieda Katsunori , Numakura Ryusuke , Hattori Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

A casing treatment of centrifugal compressor for turbochargers is a very important device in aerodynamic performance improvement because it enables to expand an operating range of compressor. However, a rib existing in the circulation flow path of casing treatment is one of the factors causing a resonance problem. In this study, the relationship between a casing treatment and blade vibration was investigated by frequency response analysis that combines computational fluid dynamics and finite element method. As a result, it was clarified that the difference in the amount of vibration response and the excitation mechanism by the existence of rib.
Influence mechanism of tip clearance on flutter stability with different aerodynamic coupling effects for transonic compressor
Authors: Xin Jiali , He Zongze , Lv Xiaojing , Weng Yiwu
Published: March 2024

Flutter is a highly destructive aeroelastic problem in modern compressors, which hinders the improvements of aero-engine performance and reliability. Because the aerodynamic work is mainly concentrated in the blade tip region, the tip clearance which is associated to the complex tip clearance flow has a considerable effect on the flutter stability. In this paper, in order to investigate the influence mechanism of the tip clearance on the flutter stability at different nodal diameters (ND), a series of compressor models were established with different tip clearances based on a transonic compressor rotor. The aerodynamic damping at each ND is obtained by influence coefficient method (ICM), while phase-shifted boundary method (PSB) is adopted to analyze the influence of the tip clearance on the flutter stability at different NDs. The results indicate the worst flutter stability for each tip clearance always appears at ND=1, where the aerodynamic damping exhibits a nonmonotonic trend of increasing first and decreasing thereafter along with the rising tip clearance. Two kinds of action are exerted by the tip clearance flow on the flow structures to alter the flutter stability: one is the tip clearance vortices which is generated on the suction side and impinge on the pressure side; the other is the interference of tip clearance vortices to the shock wave and to the flow separation. Besides, the influence of the changing aerodynamic coupling effect makes the above action bring about more drastic fluctuations to the unsteady pressure. At larger NDs, the unsteady pressure amplitude and phase fluctuate more sharply for larger tip clearances. Therefore, diverse change trends of the aerodynamic damping with the increasing tip clearance appear at different NDs, while the impingement of tip clearance vortices on the adjacent pressure side has a constantly stabilizing effect at different NDs.
Numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a disc pump under different inlet bubble diameters
Authors: Xia Yifan , Jiang Qifeng , Zhang Weibin , Heng Yaguang , Xiong Ping
Published: March 2024

Visual investigation and numerical simulation were utilized to analyze the internal flow pattern transformation and bubble diameter variation of a gas-liquid two-phase flow disc pump. The results reveal that increasing the intake volume fraction (IGVF) from 1.12% to 27.67% changes the flow pattern in the suction chamber from bubbly to agglomerate bubbly, slug flow, and separated flow. Due to the particularity of the impeller structure of the disc pump, the blades in the leaf area of the front and rear cover plates play a barrier role. The gas phase gathers most violently at the edge of the blade in the leaf area, while the flow channel in the middle leafless area is wider and has higher permeability. At 1500r/min and 7.11% inlet volume void fraction, the local void fraction extreme value of the front edge of the blade in the blade area of the front cover plate increases to three times the initial void fraction, while the void fraction extreme value of the middle section of the bladeless area decreases to two-thirds of the initial void fraction. This research can be used to analyze the gas phase distribution and migration law in the disc pump impeller.
Experimental research on similarity deviation between prototype and model pumping systems
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zhang Rentian , Liu Xueqin , Chen Hao , Sun Meng , Zhou Wei
Published: March 2024

To investigate the reasons for the flowrate deviation of the prototype pumping systems between the measured value onsite and the calculated one by the similarity law, the energy characteristic relationship of the prototype and model pumping systems under different working conditions was compared and analyzed. It was pointed out that the hydraulic loss in the outlet passages caused by the residual velocity circulation is not similar. Using the method of vessel-mounted ADCP and water level gauges to measure the flowrates and heads of pumping stations, the energy characteristics of three typical pumping stations were obtained, and the comparisons with the characteristic curves of the pumping systems predicted by similarity law are made. It was found that there was a deviation between the two in most cases, and the similarity deviation of the elbow inlet and siphon outlet passages was greater than that of the straight pipe inlet and outlet passages. Meanwhile that the larger the blade angle (or the higher the rotational speed of pump), the greater the similarity deviation. Therefore, in the design of the pumping system, the energy characteristics of the model pumping system cannot be simply converted by the similarity law to predict the characteristics of the prototype pumping system, but the influence of different factors on the similarity deviation between the prototype and model pumping system should be considered carefully.
Research on the effect of various tongue types on large volute pumps
Authors: Han Zhenhua , Yang Shanshan , Chen Jia , Wang Wenjie
Published: March 2024

In order to analyze the effect of different tongue type on large volute pump, this paper takes a large volute pump as the research object, and analyzes the calculation results of three different types of volute models. The commercial modeling software UG is used to construct the small tongue angle, partitioned and large tongue angle volute based on the volute of the model pump. The ANSYS CFX is used to complete the numerical calculations. Comparative analysis of the hydraulic performance and pressure pulsation near the tongue of the three large volute pumps with different types of volutes are carried out. The results show that the efficiency of the partitioned volute plan decreases significantly under the over-load condition, and the pressure pulsation near the tongue is melted under the design condition. The small tongue angle plan is more suitable for large volute pumps.
Investigation of radial force in a high-speed miniature pump
Authors: Song Xueyi , Zheng Kexin , Luo Xianwu
Published: March 2024

A high-speed miniature pump design is put forth for utilization in the aerospace sector, where the pump’s reliability holds critical importance under microgravity operational conditions. This study focuses on a dynamic bearing-equipped miniature centrifugal pump, chosen for its suitability in investigating radial forces. The prototype of the miniature pump is manufactured and tested by experiments at the rotational speed of 10,000r/min. A good agreement is observed between the numerical predictions and the experimental results. The radial force acting on different blade part has been analyzed for several flow rate conditions using the steady state CFD calculation. It has been found that the radial force exerted on the blade trailing edge exit is the main cause of the total radial force for the impeller. Moreover, using the unsteady CFD simulation, the evolution process of the radial force changing for both the direction and the magnitude with respect to the annular position due to the shaft rotation is discussed in details. The pressure pulsation is also monitored in impeller and volute casing. The results show that the amplitude of the unsteady radial force has a strong relationship with the time it takes for the blade trailing edge exit passing the volute tongue region, while the direction of the radial force hardly changes. The findings of this study contribute to facilitating the broader implementation of the high-speed miniature pump across diverse sectors of society.
New type of cavitation instability with peculiar frequency characteristic in liquid rocket inducer
Authors: Tamura Koki , Kawasaki Satoshi , Iga Yuka
Published: March 2024

In a liquid rocket turbopump with low pressure and thin wall tanks, cavitation inevitably occurs at the inducer which is installed at the inlet of the turbopump. The cavities at each blade oscillate periodically, and the turbopump sometimes becomes unstable, called cavitation instability. Rotating cavitation is one of the common types of cavitation instability, in which the cavities at each inducer blade oscillate respectively and appear to propagate from blade to blade. However, the new type of cavitation instability which does not follow the conventional principle has been observed in our experiment with an inducer. Converting the frequency in the inertial frame to that in the rotational frame and organizing it in the cavitation number, it was found that the frequency of unsteady cavitation increases as the cavitation number decreases, and this is the peculiar point of this instability. Additionally, during the cavitation instability, a few numbers of backflow vortex cavities were observed and moved sub-synchronously from blade to blade. In addition, the tip leakage vortex cavitation on each blade also propagates like sub-synchronous rotating cavitation but in different propagation speed from that of the backflow vortex cavities. As a result, it was supposed that the new instability is one of the types of sub-synchronous rotating cavitation related to backflow vortex cavitation, tip leakage vortex cavitation, and interaction between cavity propagation and inducer blade.
Numerical investigation of axial force of a centrifugal pump in the reverse mode
Authors: Fathi Mohammad , Alemi Hamed , Raisee Mehrdad , Nourbakhsh Ahmad
Published: March 2024

This paper numerically investigates the hydraulic performance and axial force of a low specific speed centrifugal pump in the turbine mode using the k - ω SST model. Numerical results are validated against the experimental data in the literature and a good agreement is observed. Results show that the rotation factor increases by flowrate, since the head, which is directly proportional to the transferred circumferential momentum, increases by the flowrate in the turbine mode. Moreover, values of rotation factors on both sides varies in radial direction due to geometrical parameters and, they reduce where larger axial gaps are present. Additionally, the pressure distributions on the hub and shroud sides are correlated with rotation factors on these areas. Interestingly, the axial position of the impeller plays an important role in the axial force of the PAT. By applying impeller movement of 5 mm from its original position, the point of zero axial force has shifted to higher flowrates and the maximum axial force is reduced 50%. Finally, with 10 mm movement of the impeller, the axial force exhibits distinct behavior so that its direction is preserved and, the returned magnitude is almost constant in the working range by 60% decrease in the maximum axial force.