bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of covariate induced test dependence on the diagnostic accuracy of latent class analysis in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Keter Alfred Kipyegon , Lynen Lutgarde , Heerden Alastair van , Goetghebeur Els , Jacobs Bart K.M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Lack of a perfect reference standard for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis complicates assessment of accuracy of new diagnostic tests. Alternative strategies such as discrepant resolution and use of composite reference standards may lead to incorrect inferences on disease prevalence and diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity. Latent class analysis (LCA), a statistical method for analyzing diagnostic test results in the absence of a gold standard, allows correct estimation under strict assumptions. The model assumes that the diagnostic tests are independent conditional on the true disease status and that the diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity remain constant across subpopulations. These assumptions are violated when a factor such as severe comorbidity affects the prevalence and/or alters the diagnostic test performance. We aim to provide guidance on correct estimation of the prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy based on LCA when a known factor induces dependence among the diagnostic tests. If unaccounted for, this dependence may lead to misleading inferences.
Methods

Through likelihood evaluation and simulation we examined implications of likely model violations on estimation of prevalence, sensitivity and specificity among passive case-finding presumptive PTB patients with or without HIV. We generated independent results for five diagnostic tests conditional on PTB and HIV. We performed Bayesian LCA, separately for five and three diagnostic tests using four working models with or without constant PTB prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy across HIV subpopulations.
Results

In evaluating three diagnostic tests, the models accounting for heterogeneity in diagnostic accuracy produced consistent estimates while the models ignoring it produced biased estimates. The model ignoring heterogeneity in PTB prevalence is less problematic. When evaluating five diagnostic tests, the models were robust to violation of the assumptions.
Conclusions

Well-chosen covariate-specific adaptations of the model can avoid bias implied by recognized heterogeneity in PTB patient populations generating otherwise dependent test results in LCA.
Three Principles, Expertise and Well-being: Introducing the 3PHR-scale
Authors: Denkers Adriaan , Catherine-Gray Jeanne
Published: September 2021

The popularity of Three Principles of Health Realization (3PHR) interventions among mental health professionals is increasing. We developed a scale to measure the core theoretical beliefs that underlie 3PHR interventions: Thought, Consciousness, and Mind. To test the scale, we surveyed 282 participants enrolled in an annual 3PHR conference (n = 238). We examined the construct validity using confirmatory factor analyses and investigated its associations with 3PHR expertise on one side and well-being—in particular, purpose in life and affect—on the other. We also examined the mediating effect of the 3PHR scale in explaining the relationship between 3PHR expertise and well-being. The factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure. Results further demonstrated strong positive interrelations between 3PHR expertise, the 3PHR scale and subscales, and levels of well-being. The relationship between expertise and well-being measures was found to be fully mediated by scores on the 3PHR scale. Both the new measurement tool and the results contribute to furthering the knowledge about potentially important drivers of well-being.
Treating intrasurgical complications of corneal refractive operation with customized ablation. A clinical case
Authors: Khodzhabekyan N. V. , Khandzhyan A. T. , Ivanova A. V. , Letnikova K. B. , Sklyarova A. S.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: to evaluate the prospects of customized Finalfit based ablation for optical rehabilitation of a patient with corneal surface errors caused by intrasurgical microtome-induced damage of a corneal flap during a LASIK excimer laser correction of vision.

Material and methods. In Helmholtz Center, a patient with such damage was given a phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) combined with topographyguided photorefractive keratectomy.

Results. In two months after the surgery, the patient’s uncorrected visual acuity rose from 0.15 to 1.0; the spherical component of refraction changed from -3.5 to +1.0 D, the cylindrical component of refraction fell from 1.75 to 0.25 D. Aberrometry demonstrated a decrease of RMS from 2.19 to 0.61 D, Total HOAs from 2.281 to 0.829; Tilt from 0.406 to 0.313; HOA from 1.152 to 0.247, Coma from 0.298 to 0.124, Trefoil from 1.088 to 0.094, SA from 0,127 to 0,021.

Conclusion. The clinical case demonstrates the expediency and efficiency of corneal remodeling for the rehabilitation of induced errors of the corneal surface by excimer laser correction of vision based on PTK (Flex scan) + FinalFit after corneal refractive surgery.
Electrophysiological markers of advanced stages of glaucomatous optic neuropathy
Authors: Kotelin V. I. , Zueva M. V. , Tsapenko I. V. , Petrov S. Yu. , Zhuravleva A. N.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: to determine the changes in electrophysiological parameters reflecting specific dysfunctions of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at advanced stages of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON).

Material and methods. The study involved 35 patients (55 eyes) aged 51–76 (63.1 ± 7.7 years) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), divided into two subgroups depending on POAG stages: developed (24 patients, 27 eyes) and advanced stages (24 patients, 28 eyes). The age-matched control group (aged 51–72, 59.8 ± 5.9) included 28 relatively healthy individuals (32 eyes). Transient and steady-state pattern ERG (PERG) and photopic negative response (PhNR) were recorded according to ISCEV standards.

Results. A decrease in the amplitude of the transient PERG's N95 and P50-waves and steady-state PERG was found, the degree of which showed an inverse dependence on the angular size of the stimulus, which clearly distinguished the developed and advanced POAG stages from the initial GON. The developed stages are characterized by a decrease in the PhNR amplitude, calculated from the baseline, and the PhNR/b index, the reduction of which was the more significant the greater the intensity of the flash. A significant delay of the N95 peak for patterns of all angular sizes and a less pronounced lengthening of the latency of the P50 wave (significant only for small stimuli 0.8° and 0.3°) in comparison with the age norm were found. The latencies of the steady-state PERG and PhNR practically did not differ from the age norm values.

Conclusion. The revealed reduction in the amplitudes of N95 and P50 waves of transient and steady-state PERG, PhNR, and the PhNR/b index, as well as an increase in the peak latency of N95 and P50 waves of transient PERG, may be markers of functional changes in the retina associated with non-adaptive plasticity or reflecting a combination of the processes of adaptive plasticity and degeneration of RGCs. Further research in this area will help give a more accurate characterization of the found regularities and apply the obtained results in clinical practice.
Effects of land use and nutrients on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the Nanchong Section of Jialing River, China in December 2019
Authors: Zhang Liuqing , Zhu Xiaohua , Huang Xing , Liu Chaorong , Yang Yan
Published: September 2021

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in aquatic ecosystems can reflect the impacts of human activities on the carbon-cycling process. However, direct evidence of the combined effect of land use and anthropogenic nutrients on CDOM characteristics in river ecosystems is limited. Herein, we collected water samples from 18 sites in the Nanchong section of Jialing River in December 2019 to elucidate how the land use and nutrients affect the source and composition of CDOM through parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis of excitation–emission matrices (EEMs). First, the absorption coefficient a254 (r2=0.29, p<0.01) and three fluorescence components (humic-like C1 and C2 and protein-like C3) (r2=0.31–0.37, p<0.01) significantly increased with increased urban area, and the four parameters were higher in the urban area than in the suburbs (p<0.05). The correlation between small-size CDOM molecule and cropland was positive (p<0.01). Second, the increase in nutrient levels increased the a254 (r2=0.84 and 0.33, p<0.01) and three fluorescence components (r2=0.30–0.84, p<0.01 or p<0.05). Third, allochthonous CDOM were prevalent in the Nanchong Section of Jialing River, and the proportions of C1 and C2 were 42 and 41%, respectively. Our findings indicated that the variability of source and composition of CDOM significantly depended on urbanization and increased nutrients in the Nanchong Section of Jialing River.
Inspiracje myślą Floriana Znanieckiego w koncepcji communitas Victora Turnera
Authors: Pyszczek Grzegorz
Published: September 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest wpływ myśli Floriana Znanieckiego na koncepcję communitas Victora Turnera. Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera prezentację koncepcji communitas Victora Turnera. W części drugiej przedstawiono koncepcję wspólnoty Znanieckiego, do której odwołuje się Turner. Część trzecia ukazuje związki między jedną a drugą koncepcją oraz możliwości kontynuowania refleksji zapoczątkowanej przez nie obie.
Acinetobacter lwoffii Septicemia in a Newborn
Authors: Uygun Saime Sündüs , Alkan Gülsüm
Published: September 2021

Acinetobacter lwoffii is gram-negative coccobacillus which is seen as a normal flora of the oropharynx and skin of the healthy individuals. It is a potential opportunistic pathogen in patients with impaired immune systems, and can cause of nosocomial infections like septicemia. A. lwoffii infection is increasing particularly in premature and very low-birth weight neonates. Here, we present a case of a low birth weight neonate with A.lwoffii infection who was successfully treated.
Research on the charter system in Georgia, USA
Authors: Sumioka Toshihiro
Published: September 2021

Education is invaluable for equipping young people with important knowledge and life skills. Many countries have publicly-funded education systems but politics related to funding can lead to inequalities in access to education for different communities. Professor Toshihiro Sumioka,
Faculty of Education, Oita University, Japan, believes that recent educational reforms that strengthen privatisation, deregulation and accountability have increased segregation and division between ethnic groups and promoted academic disparity among these communities. He specialises in educational
administration history in pedagogy and conducts historical analyses on school segregation in the US. A key focus for Sumioka is on the role that public education has played in the US in contributing to racial discrimination, economic disparity and academic disparity and he is particularly
interested in the experience of the African American community with public education. In recent work, he is looking at development from the state of Georgia that pertains to charter schools and increasing the power of local districts such as charter system and the lessons learned from such
research can be applied to other countries, including Japan where the effect of the privatization of public education on minorities has become an issue. In his work, Sumioka will speak with African American students, newspapers and organizations like the NAACP to understand the impacts of
the move to privatisation-based reform and deregulation.
Overview of the research work of Prof. Fumiko Sugimoto
Authors: Sugimoto Fumiko
Published: September 2021

Professor Fumiko Sugimoto has been analysing the history of the 18th century and first half of the 19th century with a focus not only on the temporal axis but also on the relationships between specific spaces and the people who live and act as subjective agents in these spaces. During
the past few years, she has been endeavouring to decipher the history in the period of transition from the early modern period to the modern period by introducing the perspective of oceans, with a focus on Japan. Through the study of history in terms of spatial theory that also takes oceans
into consideration, she is proposing to present a new concept about the territorial formation of modern states. [Main subjects] Law and Governance in Early Modern Japan Judgement in Early Modern Society The Evolution of Control over Territory under the Tokugawa State A Human Being in the Nineteenth
Century: WATANABE Kazan, a Conflicting Consciousness of Status as an Artist and as a Samurai Early Modern Maps in the Social-standing-based Order of Tokugawa Japan The World of Information in Bakumatsu Japan: Timely News and Bird's Eye Views Early Modern Political History in Terms of Spatial
Theory The Emergence of Newly Defined Oceans and the Transformation of Political Culture.
Driving Japan's multilateral activities
Authors: Watanabe Mayu
Published: September 2021

The Japan Forum on International Relations (JFIR) is one of the few think tanks in Japan with a long history in diplomacy and international affairs. As a private, non-profit, independent and non-partisan organisation, JFIR conducts research and makes recommendations on solutions to
the problems facing the world and on Japan's role in contributing to global peace and prosperity.
One- year mortality in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma on immunotherapy: Prediction using machine learning models (Preprint)
Authors: Lui Thomas Ka-Luen , Cheung Ka Shing, Michael , Leung Wai Keung
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Immunotherapy is a new promising treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but is costly and potentially associated with considerable side effects.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the role of machine learning (ML) models in predicting the one-year cancer-related mortality in advanced HCC patients treated with immunotherapy

METHODS

395 HCC patients who had received immunotherapy (including nivolumab, pembrolizumab or ipilimumab) in 2014 - 2019 in Hong Kong were included. The whole data set were randomly divided into training (n=316) and validation (n=79) set. The data set, including 45 clinical variables, was used to construct six different ML models in predicting the risk of one-year mortality. The performances of ML models were measured by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the mean absolute error (MAE) using calibration analysis.

RESULTS

The overall one-year cancer-related mortality was 51.1%. Of the six ML models, the random forest (RF) has the highest AUC of 0.93 (95%CI: 0.86-0.98), which was better than logistic regression (0.82, p=0.01) and XGBoost (0.86, p=0.04). RF also had the lowest false positive (6.7%) and false negative rate (2.8%). High baseline AFP, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were three common risk factors identified by all ML models.

CONCLUSIONS

ML models could predict one-year cancer-related mortality of HCC patients treated with immunotherapy, which may help to select patients who would most benefit from this new treatment option.
Using a chatbot to reduce emergency department visits and unscheduled hospitalizations among patients with gynecologic malignancies during chemotherapy: a pilot study (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Ming-Yuan , Weng Chia-Sui , Kuo Hsiao-Li , Su Yung-Cheng
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

A chatbot is an automatic text-messaging tool that creates a dynamic interaction and simulates a human conversation through text or voice via smartphones or computers. A chatbot could be an effective solution for cancer patients’ follow-up during treatment, and could save time for healthcare providers.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted a retrospective cohort pilot study to evaluate whether a chatbot-based collection of patient-reported symptoms during chemotherapy, with automated alerts to clinicians, could decrease emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. A control group received usual care.

METHODS

Self-reporting symptoms were communicated via the chatbot, a Facebook Messenger-based interface for patients with gynecologic malignancies. The chatbot included questions about common symptoms experienced during chemotherapy. Patients could also use the text-messaging feature to speak directly to the chatbot, and all reported outcomes were monitored by a cancer manager. The primary and secondary outcomes of the study were emergency department visits and unscheduled hospitalizations after initiation of chemotherapy after diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies. Multivariate Poisson regression models were applied to assess the adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) for chatbot use for ED visits and unscheduled hospitalizations after controlling for age, cancer stage, type of malignancy, diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, and coronary heart disease.

RESULTS

Twenty patients were included in the chatbot group, and 43 in the usual-care group. Significantly lower aIRRs for chatbot use for ED visits (0.27; 95% CI 0.11–0.65; p=0.003) and unscheduled hospitalizations (0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.88; p=0.028) were noted. Patients using the chatbot approach had lower aIRRs of ED visits and unscheduled hospitalizations compared to usual-care patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The chatbot was helpful for reducing ED visits and unscheduled hospitalizations in patients with gynecologic malignancies who were receiving chemotherapy. These findings are valuable for inspiring the future design of digital health interventions for cancer patients.
Las ordenaciones sacerdotales en el Arzobispado de México en tiempos de la insurgencia, 1810-1821
Authors: Vivero Domínguez Luis Fernando
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las tendencias de ordenación sacerdotal de clérigos seculares del arzobispado de México durante el periodo de la Guerra de Independencia en Nueva España (1810-1821) a través de un libro de matrículas de órdenes sacerdotales. Su estudio toma relevancia por tratarse de la diócesis más importante del imperio español en América y por enmarcarse en un periodo políticamente convulso, donde el clero fue un sujeto activo y un centro de atención para la autoridad eclesiástica.
Religiosidad mesoamericana y cristianismo en el siglo XVI.
Authors: Escalante Gonzalbo Pablo
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo se refiere a la persistencia de varios componentes de la liturgia mesoamericana y a su integración en la liturgia cristiana. Diversos ornamentos indígenas, escudos guerreros y arreglos a base de flores y plumas pasaron a formar parte de las ceremonias novohispanas. Incluso los nuevos objetos litúrgicos, como cruces, estandartes y ciriales, se elaboraron con materiales y técnicas indígenas. En el artículo se profundiza en el análisis iconográfico de una de estas piezas, un cubrecáliz de plumaria con apariencia de pequeño escudo. Y finalmente se aborda la supervivencia de cantos y símbolos militares prehispánicos en la liturgia novohispana.
Dekorerade interiörer i hälsingegårdar – projektets utgångspunkter
Authors: Nyström Ingalill , Knutsson Johan , Palmsköld Anneli
Published: September 2021

Artikeln utgörs av en summering av forskningsprojektet om Hälsinglands inredningskultur. Redaktörerna går igenom de olika tvärvetenskapliga frågeställningarna som låg till grund för projektet och reflekterar över resultatet. De olika samarbetena mellan forskargruppen och lokala och regionala kulturarvsaktörer samt med studenter och andra forskare beskrivs i korthet. Exempel ges på hur forskningsfrågorna till viss del förändrades efter hand. Likaså beskrivs och diskuteras olika spinn off-effekter.
Performance of Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties in Response to Poultry Manure in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: A Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Nutrients are limiting factors in green bean cultivation in the Sudan Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Thus, field trials were conducted in the 2018 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano and Teaching and Demonstration Farm of Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, Katsina. To study the growth and yield performance of green bean varieties as affected by poultry manure. The treatments consisted of two green bean varieties (Bean Cora and Haricot Contender) and three different rates of chicken manure (0, 2.5 and 5 t ha-1 ). The experimental design employed was l Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data collected were analysed (ANOVA) using the Genstat statistical package. The results revealed that varieties differed significantly in most of the studied characters. Haricot Contender recorded significantly higher canopy height, number of leaves per plant, plant dry matter and leaf area per plant than Bean Cora. While, Bean Cora significantly produced more pods per plant, pod weight per plant and green pod yield than Haricot Contender. The results also indicated that 5 t ha-1 of poultry manure application significantly increased all the studied characters compared with 2.5 t ha-1 and control. Based on this Study, Bean Cora is a promising variety in these locations. Further research using poultry manure to ascertain the optimum rate for higher green bean production in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria is required. Keywords: Green bean, Bean Cora, Haricot Contender, poultry manure, soil
Increasing the stability of the fire extinguishing foam by replenishing the liquid phase during sprinkling
Authors: Osipenko S. I. , Koksharov A. V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The destruction of foam films occurs when they reach critical thickness and lose the liquid phase as a result of syneresis and evaporation, which are rather difficult to slow down. We have proposed a method for increasing the stability of the fire extinguishing foam by means of replenishing the liquid phase through sprinkling.Methods. Foam stability was measured by the time of destruction of 25 % of the initial foam volume. The concentration of the foaming agent in the sprinkled solution varied from 0.5 to 6 %. Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (Na CMC) was used as a stabilizing additive. Field studies were carried out by feeding foam and solution from two AT-3,2-40 (43253)001-MS tank cars.Results and discussion. It has been established that the foam stability is influenced by the sprinkling intensity and the foaming agent concentration. Foam sprinkling with the solutions having low concentration of thefoaming agent leads to the washout of surfactants from the films that reduces the foam stability. The sprinkling intensity reduction boosts the foam stability due to the replenishment of the moisture lost through evaporation. The foam stability was maximal in case of sprinkling with a 2 % solution of the foaming agent, while the sprinkling intensity had no influence. An increase in the concentration of the foaming agent in the sprinkled solution led to a decrease in the foam stability. It is found that a smaller amount of the foaming agent is consumed to maintain the amount of foam through sprinkling than to replenish the destroyed amount through additional foam generation. It is shown that various stabilizing additives can be added to the foam in the process of sprinkling. If Na CMC is added to the solution exposed to sprinkling, the time of foam destruction goes up 3–5 times even in case of a non-recurrent sprinkling session. Field tests have confirmed the feasibility of adding stabilizing additives to the foam by means of sprinkling.Conclusions. The results of the research have shown the feasibility of co-feeding the foam and surfactant solutions, containing various stabilizing additives, in order to extinguish fires and generate stable foams.
Eficacia del timol en el control del hongo Nosema ceranae infectando abejas africanizadas
Authors: Vargas-Valero Azucena , Barrientos-Medina Roberto C. , Medina Medina Luis A.
Published: September 2021

Nosema ceranae, es un parásito obligatorio del intestino medio de las abejas melíferas que causa destrucción de las células epiteliales afectando la digestión y asimilación del alimento, impactando negativamente el desarrollo y sobrevivencia de las colonias de abejas. Con la finalidad de reducir los efectos negativos, se evaluó la eficacia del timol en el control de esta parasitosis. El estudio se realizó en dos apiarios experimentales con un total de 56 colonias de abejas distribuidas en tres grupos experimentales: G1) 18 colonias que recibieron tratamiento con fumagilina como producto de referencia (25.2 mg de fumagilina/semana); G2) 19 colonias que recibieron tratamiento con timol como producto alternativo (66 mg de cristales/semana) y G3) 19 colonias que no recibieron ningún tratamiento (grupo testigo). Los tratamientos con la fumagilina y timol se aplicaron a través del jarabe de azúcar una vez por semana durante cuatro semanas consecutivas. Los niveles de infección de N. ceranae se estimaron en el macerado del abdomen de 60 abejas adultas colectadas de cada colonia experimental. Los resultados al final de los tratamientos indican que las colonias que recibieron fumagilina (G1) disminuyeron sus niveles de infección de 123,529 a 1,805 esporas por abeja; para G2 (timol), la reducción fue de 133,438 a 28,099 esporas por abeja, y para las colonias del grupo testigo (G3) fue de 119,306 a 36,447 esporas por abeja. Los tres grupos experimentales presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en los niveles de infección de N. ceranae  al final de  los tratamientos.  La fumagilina presentó  una mayor  eficacia (95.2 %) en comparación con el timol la, cual fue baja (31.1 % de eficacia) indicando que se requieren estudios adicionales para determinar la concentración más efectiva a nivel de colonia bajo condiciones tropicales de Yucatán, a fin de que este aceite esencial de origen vegetal sea incorporado como producto alternativo para el control de esta parasitosis.
Caracterización de la curva de lactancia y calidad de la leche en ovejas Santa Cruz (Ovis aries)
Authors: Merchant Ingrid , Orihuela Agustín , Vázquez Reyes , Aguirre Virginio
Published: September 2021

En las ovejas de pelo existe muy poca información respecto a las características de la producción y calidad de la leche a lo largo de la lactancia, pese a sus implicaciones tanto en la sobrevivencia y mantenimiento de los corderos, como en la alimentación humana. Con el propósito de caracterizar la curva de lactancia y la calidad de la leche en ovejas Santa Cruz, se utilizaron 18 ovejas multíparas que parieron en un lapso de cuatro días. La producción láctea se registró cada 72 h en el periodo comprendido de 6 a 60 días postparto (dpp), mientras que la calidad de la leche se determinó una vez por semana de una muestra de la producción total del día. La producción de leche 6 dpp fue de 1.95 L, alcanzando un máximo de 2.31 L, 12 dpp y disminuyendo hasta 1.01, a los 57 dpp. El porcentaje de sólidos totales fue 18 %, incrementando hasta 20.5 % en la octava semana. El porcentaje de grasa durante la segunda semana fue 8 % incrementándose hasta 9.8 % al final del periodo evaluado, mientras que los porcentajes de proteína y lactosa se mantuvieron relativamente uniformes durante todo el periodo experimental en niveles entre 4.86 y 5.18 % para proteína, y 4.68 a 4.74 % para lactosa. Se concluye que la producción de leche en ovejas Santa Cruz, alcanza su máximo alrededor de la segunda semana de lactancia, disminuyendo a partir de ese momento de manera constante y paulatina, incrementando los porcentajes de sólidos totales y grasa a través del tiempo, mientras que los de proteína y lactosa se mantienen constantes.
Composición fisicoquímica, rendimiento y aceptación sensorial del queso fresco Coalho obtenido a partir de leche de vaca cebú
Authors: Silvestre de Oliveira Ingrid Laíse , Do Nascimento Rangel Adriano Henrique , Coutinho Madruga Rodrigo , Morais de Lima Júnior Dorgival , Da Silva Gomes Rhaabe Dayane , Cavalcanti Sales Danielle , Felipe de Oliveira Juliana Paula , Da Silva Bezerra Joadilza
Published: September 2021

The aims were to evaluate the effect of breed on the genetic polymorphism kappa-casein, physicochemical composition of milk and Coalho cheese, and on cheese yield; and to evaluate the effect of different periods of storage on sensorial acceptance of the Coalho cheese obtained from milk of Guzerat, Gyr and Sindi cows. Twenty (20) cows of Zebu breeds were selected, from which it was obtained the frequency values of the genetic polymorphism kappa-casein. Milk were submitted to fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids and total solids, electrical conductivity analysis and somatic cell count. Cheeses were submitted to fat, protein, total solids, pH, moisture and yield (g TS/L) analysis. Attributes appearance, aroma, texture and flavor were judged at the 1st, 25th and 46th day of storage. There was a total frequency of 0.70 for genotype AA, 0.30 for genotype AB. There was no significant difference in milk composition among the studied breeds. However, there were differences in the physicochemical composition (with the exception of the protein) and the yield of the cheeses, but all the breeds showed a similar real yield. It was found effect of the storage period on the cheeses sensory attributes in the different breeds, with the exception of the appearance. The milk of the Guzerat, Gyr and Sindi breeds constitute an excellent raw material for the production of curd cheese and ensures a satisfactory sensorial acceptance of the product at the 1st, 25th and 46th days of storage.
Análise da clientela que consultou em 1973 na faculdade de odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e que deixou de reconsultar em 1974
Authors: Moreira Suzana Gomes
Published: September 2021

Three hundred fifteen patients who searched dental treatment at UFRGS dental clinics in 1973 and who did not return in 1974 were interviewed and the main reasons given were recorded. Relevant factors were analysed, such as: personal data, socio-economic status, factors that have influenced the utilization of clinical services at the University, and attitudes regarding the treatment received and future treatment at the University. Various associations of these factors and their combinations were also analyzed. The main reasons given by the patients for not returning were: they didn't have time, they needed no treatment and they went to another dentist.
Estudo comparativo da eficiência entre um consultório convencional fixo e uma ambulância odontológica em atividades extra-murais
Authors: Moreira Eurico José Garcia , Barbisan Aluí Oliveira
Published: September 2021

This study reports an evaluation of a program performed by seniors students at the Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos (Brazil) during the development of clinical activities in Extra-Mural Programs. The analysis of efficiency (productivity, program-costs and time) and work environment conditions was carried out by comparison between two different types of dental units: a standart unit and a mobile dental unit. The data indicated that better efficiency and work environmental conditions were found in the standart unit.
Cross-Species Transmission of Coronaviruses in Humans and Domestic Mammals, What Are the Ecological Mechanisms Driving Transmission, Spillover, and Disease Emergence?
Authors: Nova Nicole
Published: September 2021

Coronaviruses cause respiratory and digestive diseases in vertebrates.
The recent pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2, is taking a heavy toll on society and planetary
health, and illustrates the threat emerging coronaviruses can pose to
the wellbeing of humans and other animals. Coronaviruses are constantly
evolving, crossing host species barriers, and expanding their host
range. In the last few decades, several novel coronaviruses have emerged
in humans and domestic animals. Novel coronaviruses have also been
discovered in captive wildlife or wild populations, raising conservation
concerns. The evolution and emergence of novel viruses is enabled by
frequent cross-species transmission. It is thus crucial to determine
emerging coronaviruses’ potential for infecting different host species,
and to identify the circumstances under which cross-species transmission
occurs in order to mitigate the rate of disease emergence. Here, I
review (broadly across several mammalian host species) up-to-date
knowledge of host range and circumstances concerning reported
cross-species transmission events of emerging coronaviruses in humans
and common domestic mammals. All of these coronaviruses had similar host
ranges, were closely related (indicative of rapid diversification and
spread), and their emergence was likely associated with
high-host-density environments facilitating multi-species interactions
(e.g., shelters, farms, and markets) and the health or wellbeing of
animals as end- and/or intermediate spillover hosts. Further research is
needed to identify mechanisms of the cross-species transmission events
that have ultimately led to a surge of emerging coronaviruses in
multiple species in a relatively short period of time in a world
undergoing rapid environmental change.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam Dalam Tradisi Sumbayang Ampek Puluah Hari Dalam Tarekat Syattariyah di Nagari Sintuak (Studi Etnografi)
Authors: Nirmala Zilfadlia , Satria Rengga
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikkan terhadap tradisi sumbayang ampek puluah hari dalam tarekat Syattariyah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah: pertama, sejarah tradisi sumbayang ampek puluah hari. Kedua, pelaksanaan tradisi sumbayang ampek puluah hari. Ketiga, nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam dalam tradisi sumbayang ampek puluah hari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif serta menggunakan studi etnografi. Penelitian dilakukan di Nagari Sintuak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, setelah itu digunakan beberapa teknik untuk menguji keabsahan data diantaranya perpanjangan keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, sejarah tradisi sumbayang ampek puluah hari dalam tarekat Syattariyah dimulai pada tahun 1111 Hijriyah. Kedua, adapun pelaksanaan tradisi sumbayang ampek puluah hari dilaksanakan seperti shalat berjama’ah pada umumnya serta ada penambahan shalat Qadha. Ketiga, nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam dalam tradisi sumbayang ampek puluah hari yaitu terdapat nilai spiritual,nilai integritas, nilai sosial serta nilai kedisiplinan
Pengaruh Pendidikan Informal Terhadap Akhlak Remaja Dusun III Jorong Lombok Kecamatan Lembah Melintang Kabupaten Pasaman Barat
Authors: Sani Rama , Wiza Rahmi
Published: September 2021

Salah satu pendidikan yang penting ditanamkan pada setiap diri manusia adalah pendidikan akhlak. Baik akhlak kepada Allah maupun akhlak kepada selain Allah. Peranan orang tua tidak hanya pada masa anak-anak saja, namun disaat remaja, fungsi orang tua dalam memberikan pendidikan agama sangat berpengaruh terhadap kedisiplinan beragama remaja sehingga dapat terhindar dari kenakalan remaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan informal (keluarga) terhadap akhlak remaja Dusun III Jorong Lombok Kenagarian Ujung Gading Kecamatan Lembah Melintang Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh remaja yang berumur 12 tahun sampai 15 tahun di Dusun III Jorong Lombok Kenagarian Ujung Gading Kecamatan Lembah Melintang Kabupaten Pasaman Barat yang berjumlah 45 orang diambil secara total jenuh. Data diolah dengan menggunakan regresi linear sederhana dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendidikan informal (keluarga) (X) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap akhlak remaja (Y) Dusun III Jorong Lombok Kenagarian Ujung Gading Kecamatan Lembah Melintang Kabupaten Pasaman Barat.
Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMP Negeri 1 Palupuh
Authors: Restari Yopie Andi , Rahman Rini
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran PAI (Pendidikan Agama Islam). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekaatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data analisis melalui tida tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menemukan poin utama yaitu pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter dilaksanakan melalui 2 tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan dan tahap pelaksanaan. Dalam tahap perencanaan pembelajaran yang di lakukan oleh guru PAI yaitu merancang RPP dari kelas VII-IX. Perancangan RPP yang telah ditambah dengan poin pendidikan karakter religius, karakter disiplin, karakter tanggung jawab dan karakter mandiri. Kemudian dalam tahap pelaksaaan pembelajaran guru mengaplikasikan RPP yang telah dirancang sekaligus menanamkan nilai karakter religius, karater disiplin, karakter tanggung jawab dan karakter mandiri.
Penanaman Karakter Disiplin di Asrama Pesantren Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah Canduang
Authors: Antoni Antoni , Wiza Rahmi
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena kurangnya kedisiplinan santri diasrama MTI Candung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perencanaan, proses pembelajaran, evaluasi, hambatan dan solusi yang dilakukan ustadz mengatasi hambatan penanaman nilai-nilai karakter disiplin di MTI Candung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah ustadz dan santri. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan dan observasi terus terang/tersamar, mewawancarai responden diantaranya kepala sekolah, majelis guru dan santri. Dokumentasi dilakukan memperoleh data berbentuk arsip dokumen.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa perencanaan dipersiapkan sebelum belajar dengan membaca doa sebelum belajar hingga mengingat kembali materi sebelumnya, pelaksanakan pembelajaran dimulai ustadz membacakan kitab dan arti hingga menghafal mufradat, evaluasi dilakukan secara tertulis dan tidak tertulis, hambatan kegiatan pembelajaran seperti tidak adanya keinginan untuk belajar dan suka melanggar aturan serta solusi untuk penanaman nilai-nilai karakter disiplin adalah meningkatkan motivasi santri,metode yang tepat dan meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap santri.
Predictive potential of macrophage population phenotyping in malignization of H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis
Authors: Golubinskaya EP , Sataieva TP , Fomochkina II , Kubyshkin AV , Makalish TP , Shkolyar NA , Galyshevskaya AA , Varghese DV
Published: September 2021

Tumor-associated macrophages are able to regulate the tumor cell proliferation and to affect the tumor cell dissemination. The study was aimed to assess the predictive potential of the macrophage population immunohistochemical phenotyping in early malignization of H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis. Gastic biopsy samples of male and female patients aged 48 ± 7.2 infected with Helicobacter pylori were used as the research material. The patients were divided into three groups: non-atrophic chronic gastritis (NACG, n = 10), atrophic chronic gastritis (ACG, n = 10), G1/G2 gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC, n = 10). The macrophage population was visualized using the CD68 pan-macrophage marker and the type 2 monocyte/macrophage marker CD163. Intensity of neoangiogenesis was defined using the CD31 endothelial marker by assessing the total cross sectional area of blood vessels. It was found that chronic gastritis was accompanied by the dynamic increase in the size of the general macrophage population with the progression of atrophic and metaplastic processes. According to immunohistochemical study of biopsies obtained from patients with NCG, the CD163 : CD68 ratio was 0.67 ± 0.02, and the total cross sectional area of blood vessels was 3590.92 ± 356.27 µm2. Atrophic gastritis and adenocarcinoma were characterized by vector redistribution of monocytes/macrophages into the 2nd functional phenotype. The CD163 : CD68 expression index in the group with ACG was 0.81 ± 0.04, and in the group with GAC it was 0.88 ± 0.03. Microvascular area was significantly increased in the groups with ACG and GAC, which reflected tumor neoangiogenesis intensification under the influence of М2 monocytes/macrophages. The increased expression of CD163 can serve as a predictor of chronic gastritis malignization together with evaluation of the glandular epithelium atrophy and metaplasia degree.
Prediktivnyj potencial fenotipirovaniya makrofagal'noj populyacii v malignizacii H. pylori-associirovannogo hronicheskogo gastrita
Authors: Голубинская Е. П. , Сатаева Т. П. , Фомочкина И. И. , Кубышкин А. В. , Макалиш Т. П. , Школяр Н. А. , Галышевская А. А. , Варгхесе Д. В.
Published: September 2021

Opuhol'-associirovannye makrofagi sposobny regulirovat' proliferaciyu opuholevyh kletok i vliyat' na processy ih disseminacii. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo ocenit' prediktivnyj potencial immunogistohimicheskogo fenotipirovaniya makrofagal'noj populyacii pri rannej malignizacii H. pylori-associirovannogo hronicheskogo gastrita. Materialom dlya issledovaniya posluzhili gastrobioptaty inficirovannyh Helicobacter pylori pacientov oboego pola v vozraste 48 ± 7,2 let, razdelennyh na tri gruppy: hronicheskij neatroficheskij gastrit (HNG, n = 10), hronicheskij atroficheskij gastrit (HAG, n = 10), adenokarcinoma zheludka G1-G2 (AKC, n = 10). Makrofagal'nuyu populyaciyu vizualizirovali s pomoshch'yu panmakrofagal'nogo markera CD68 i markera monocitov/makrofagov 2-go tipa CD163. Intensivnost' neoangiogeneza opredelyali s ispol'zovaniem markera endoteliya sosudov CD31 putem ocenki summarnoj ploshchadi poperechnogo secheniya sosudov. Ustanovleno, chto hronicheskij gastrit soprovozhdaetsya dinamicheskim uvelicheniem obshchej populyacii makrofagov po mere narastaniya atroficheskih i neoplasticheskih processov. Po dannym immunogistohimicheskogo issledovaniya bioptatov, u gruppy pacientov s HNG sootnoshenie CD163 : CD68 sostavilo 0,67 ± 0,02, a summarnaya ploshchad' poperechnogo secheniya sosudov byla ravna 3590,92 ± 356,27 mkm2. Atroficheskij gastrit i adenokarcinoma harakterizuyutsya vektornym pereraspredeleniem monocitov/makrofagov vo vtoroj funkcional'nyj fenotip. Indeks ekspressii CD163 : CD68 v gruppe s HAG sostavlyaet 0,81 ± 0,04, a v gruppe s AKC — 0,88 ± 0,03. Ploshchad' mikrocirkulyatornogo rusla v gruppah s HAG i AKC znachitel'no vozrastaet, chto otrazhaet intensifikaciyu processov neoangiogeneza v opuholi pod vliyaniem monocitov/makrofagov M2. Usilennaya ekspressiya CD163 mozhet sluzhit' prediktorom malignizacii hronicheskogo gastrita v komplekse s ocenkoj stepeni atrofii i metaplazii epiteliya zhelezistogo komponenta.
Análisis del proceso migratorio de las familias colombianas en España
Authors: Gimeno Collado Adelina , Lafuente Benaches María Josefa , González Sala Francisco
Published: September 2021

Se analiza la migración como proceso centrado en la familia transnacional, según relato de sus protagonistas: migrantes –padres e hijos– y familiares en Colombia. Se parte del modelo sistémico y de la metodología de la Grounded-Theory. El proceso se desencadena por una combinación de factores de empuje y de llamada; los pioneros, mayoritariamente mujeres, poseen un perfil muy variado. Destaca la dificultad de sus primeras experiencias, que mejoran gracias a sus apoyos externos y a su tesón. A pesar de las dificultades del proceso de aculturación, el balance realizado es positivo, sobre todo por la esperanza puesta en los hijos, que tras las dificultades iniciales desean permanecer en España. Los hijos viven las peculiaridades de su propio proceso, pero no hay conflictos que deriven de sus diferentes niveles de aculturación. Todos anhelan una mayor acogida española, aunque agradecen los apoyos recibidos. Las metas y el progreso se producen en el ámbito privado: la familia, pero faltan, tanto la conciencia de grupo, como una acción social conjunta; tampoco hay proyectos para mejorar el entorno de origen o para mejorar la integración en el país de destino.
Children’s preferences for gender-typed objects and colours: a commentary from gender research in Spain
Authors: Navarro Raúl
Published: September 2021

The main aim of this review was to examine international research on children’s preferences regarding gender-typed objects and colours. Firstly, we provide the theoretical background on gender development to elucidate the ways in which individuals can learn gender stereotypes and develop gender-related preferences. Secondly, we review international research on gender-related preferences. Thirdly, we analyse empirical studies on gender stereotypes in children conducted in Spain and Latin American countries, and show that although gender is a priority research area in these countries, studies on gender development in childhood are lacking. Thus, our aim was to identify a set of issues that provide insights into the development of gender-typed preferences, and that also suggest new directions for researchers in Spanish-speaking countries who are interested in clarifying the relationship between gender and children’s preferences for objects and colours.
The role of collection missions in gathering plant genetic resources material
Authors: KLOC GRZEGORZ , DOSTATNY DENISE , SEKUTOWSKI TOMASZ , PODYMA WIESŁAW
Published: September 2021

In the last 40 years, the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources (KCRZG) in Radzików has organized 67 collecting missions across the country. The main task was to secure the still existing plant genetic richness in agricultural ecosystems. Mission dates were set according to the time of seed maturation and the harvesting strategy adjusted to the collected group of plants. The collected genotypes included seeds, bulbs, grafts etc. The samples were collected mainly from local farmers or gathered directly from the field. During the collecting missions, one could clearly observe the progressive ”genetic erosion” of crop plants, visible through the disappearance of the tradition of growing local varieties, especially cereals. It is caused by the cultivation of modern varieties or the cessation of the cultivation of traditional crop plants. In the period from 1984 to 2017, a total of approximately 4700 samples were collected during 67 collection missions organized by KCRZG – Radzików. In the 90s, cereals prevailed. In the second period of the collection missions, from 1994 to 2005, vegetable and spice plants did instead. In the third period, between 2006 and 2017, ornamental plants, medicinal plants, wild plants, grasses, plants accompanying crops were the most plentiful groups of plants. The decreasing number of old cultivars and landraces in the last 40 years indicates the need for further collection of genetic resources through collecting missions and monitoring of genetic erosion of crops in Poland.
Spice raw material available in the domestic grocery trade
Authors: MOŻDŻEŃ KATARZYNA , BARABASZ-KRASNY BEATA , SZPYTMA EWA
Published: September 2021

Spices are a group of plants represented in every corner of the world by numerous species and used in a variety of ways. The analyses show that over 80 spice ingredients from plants belonging to 33 families are available in grocery trade in Poland. The most numerous families are: Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Zingiberaceae. Both spices based on domestic plants and those found naturally in other climatic zones can be found on markets. The most spice raw materials come from plants that grow naturally and are grown in Asia and the Mediterranean countries. Some of the species, e.g. caraway (Carum carvi L.), wild celery(Angelica archangelica L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), occur in the wild state in Central and Eastern Europe. In Polish grocery trade, spices are available mainly in dried and ground form, and the most sold ones are: black pepper, bay leaf, allspice, cumin, garlic, paprika, marjoram, fennel, parsley, nutmeg and cinnamon. Recently, mixtures of spices for specific meals such as pizza, fish, chicken, barbecued dishes and sauces, are also eagerly bought.