bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Design Thinking in Business and Management Higher Education
Authors: Matthews Judy , Wrigley Cara
Published: January 2017

Design and design thinking have been identified as making valuable contributions to business and management, and the numbers of higher education programs that teach design thinking to business students, managers and executives are growing. However multiple definitions of design thinking and the range of perspectives have created some confusion about potential pathways. This paper examines notions of design and design thinking and uses these definitions to identify themes in higher educational programs. We present the findings from an initial exploratory investigation of design and design thinking in higher education business programs and define four distinct educational approaches around human centred innovation, integrative thinking, design management and design as strategy. Potential directions for management education programs are presented.
A Internet das Coisas aplicada ao conceito de eficiência energética: uma análise quantitativo-qualitativa do estado da arte da literatura
Authors: Sônego Arildo Antônio , Marcelino Roderval , Gruber Vilson
Published: January 2017

Introdução: A Internet das Coisas corresponde a um novo paradigma, que imputa aos objetos a capacidade de disponibilizar informações a respeito de seu funcionamento e ao ambiente no qual tais objetos estão inseridos, caracterizando-se como abrangentes e diversificados os universos de prováveis aplicações a ela relacionadas. Em uma época em que se evidenciam ações e discussões dedicadas à sustentabilidade e ao meio ambiente, este artigo objetiva apurar o estado atual das pesquisas envolvendo a Internet das Coisas associado ao conceito de “eficiência energética”. Método: Tendo como referência a base de dados Scopus procedeu-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, acompanhada de uma análise quantitativo-qualitativa. Foram aferidas informações no período compreendido entre os anos de 2001 a 2016, além da análise das cinquenta publicações com maiores citações. Resultados: Constatou-se a existência de 895 documentos relacionados aos assuntos pesquisados. Contudo, poucos (foram identificados sete documentos) discorrem sobre a efetiva aplicação da Internet das Coisas à “eficiência energética”. Conclusão: Além de se determinar o estado da arte das pesquisas a nível mundial dos temas propostos, foi possível ratificar os conceitos a eles associados, bem como identificar as publicações mais relevantes, para que possam servir de referência e ponto de partida a outros trabalhos do gênero.
Dados e informação: significados e engajamento
Authors: Marchiori Patricia Zeni , Appel Andre Luiz , Bettoni Eduardo Michelotti
Published: January 2017

O Comitê Editorial AtoZ apresenta o V5N2 com destaque para os temas relativos ao uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos espaços de ensino-aprendizagem; geração (e visualização) de redes de parcerias científico-acadêmicas; recursos e resultados derivados de 'limpeza de dados' para volumes significativos em bases de dados; o monitoramento de literatura voltada à Internet das Coisas e à eficiência energética como área de aplicação; e, a discussão, com especialistas, sobre o estado da arte e o futuro da curadoria digital e dos dados de pesquisa.
Evaluation and Prediction of Regional Water Resources Carrying Capacity: A Case Study of Shandong Province
Authors: Liao Hongyan , Zhang Yuabiao , Chen Zhifeng , Meng Zexin
Published: January 2017

Growing pressure on the world’s water resources is having major impacts on us. In this paper, we discuss on water resources carrying capacity. We have a case study of Shandong Province which is one of the most arid regions in China. Considering the dynamics of water supply and demand, we combine the Falkenmark indicator and the binary dynamics model to establish an evaluation model of regional water resources carrying capacity. According to the result of our model, Shandong Province is heavily exploited. The per capita water resources in Shandong province were less than 300 m3 in the past ten years. The increasing destruction and increasing waste make the situation even worse. Then ARIMA model and BP neural network is combined to propose a prediction model. We use it to predict the supply and demand of water resources in Shandong Province in the next 15 years
The Effect of Classroom Web Applications on Teaching, Learning and Academic Performance among College of Education Female Students
Authors: Aljraiwi Seham Salman
Published: January 2017

The current study proposes web applications-based learning environment to promote teaching and learning activities in the classrooms. It also helps teachers facilitate learners’ contributions in the process of learning and improving their motivation and performance. The case study illustrated that female students were more interested in learning and performed better when using the proposed applications, in the classroom, during and after classes. In addition, these applications allow them obtain an appropriate educational support. It also provides teachers and learners with an effective support in managing and guiding the educational activities inside and outside the classroom.
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821) in central-northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: stranding patterns and insights into feeding habits
Authors: Moura Jailson , Tavares Davi Castro , Secco Helio K.C. , Siciliano Salvatore
Published: January 2017

The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) may be one of the best known dolphin species worldwide, principally due to its coastal distribution in many regions. However, few studies about ecology, biology and threats have been conducted on the Brazilian coast. The aim of the present work is to analyze the stranding pattern and stomach contents of bottlenose dolphins in the central-north coast of the Rio de Janeiro State, from Saquarema to São Francisco de Itabapoana (~300km of coast line). Forty nine stranding events were recorded through regular beach surveys from 1999 to 2012 and also through access to previous published studies conducted since 1984. The strandings were distributed throughout the study area, but there was a trend of occurrence in the extreme southern and northern regions. Nine specimens showed evidence of accidental mortality in fishing nets. The strandings were more frequently recorded during autumn and winter (χ2; p < 0.05). Male bottlenose dolphins stranded more often than females, showing significant differences in this relationship (χ2; p < 0.05). Most stranded dolphins were classified as adults (> 230cm of body length) (χ2; p < 0.05). The body length varied from 106 to 335cm. Four prey species were found in the stomach contents from the three specimens of bottlenose dolphin analyzed. The most representative prey species was the cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus). This study showed that bottlenose dolphins are frequently found dead along the Rio de Janeiro State where they feed mainly on coastal fish. Future studies need to be conducted to improve the knowledge on this poorly known cetacean in Brazil.
La diversité culturelle en procès
Authors: Simon Caroline , Truffin Barbara
Published: January 2017

Basée sur des recherches empiriques menées en Belgique dans différents lieux de la justice étatique auxquels des familles en contexte migratoire recourent de manière significative, la contribution se concentre sur l’analyse des questions que la diversité culturelle pose à l’administration de la justice étatique en les passant au tamis de différentes perspectives théoriques associées au concept de pluralisme juridique en anthropologie du droit. Du dépouillement et de l’analyse des données émergent deux formes principales de manifestations de la diversité culturelle dans l’exercice de la justice familiale : d’une part, l’invocation explicite d’un argument culturel dans les demandes des justiciables, et, d’autre part, des interactions beaucoup plus implicites et complexes que la seule évocation formelle d’une norme attachée à un ordre distinct. La discussion de ces résultats conduit les auteures à clarifier la portée et la pertinence théorique de deux manières d’appréhender le pluralisme juridique, entre paradigmes culturalistes et critiques, pour un champ des recherches en construction qui s’attachent à approfondir la compréhension de situations marquées à la fois par une forte judiciarisation des conflits familiaux et par la diversité ethno-nationale des sociétés occidentales.
Quand la coutume fait Loi
Authors: Saladin d’Anglure Bernard
Published: January 2017

Ce texte est une chronique anecdotique et interculturelle de l’implication de l’auteur comme témoin-expert auprès d’instances juridiques où les Inuit défendaient leurs droits. Elle résulte de sa collaboration avec eux (1956-2016), comme ethnographe, anthropologue social et comme ami. Cette expérience lui a fait comprendre que des pratiques inuit traditionnelles comme l’aveu, le témoignage, l’arbitrage, la nature des peines, la réparation, ou des notions comme celles de personne, de famille, d’adoption, de responsabilité, n’avaient pas le même sens dans une société de chasseurs-pêcheurs à tradition orale que dans une société occidentale et coloniale comme le Canada avec ses textes de lois et de jurisprudence. À l’ère de la mondialisation des communications et de l’économie, les cultures inuit sont soumises à de profonds changements. La logique du tiers-inclus qui sous-tend l’ancienne socio-cosmologie inuit recherchait l’harmonie sociale plus que la sanction, la complémentarité plus que l’antagonisme. Elle est peu compatible avec le droit occidental qui se veut universel avec sa logique binaire du tiers-exclus (vérité/fausseté, culpabilité/innocence, incarcération/accompagnement). Des juristes éclairés cherchent à établir des ponts entre les cultures autochtones et la nôtre pour arriver à un « vivre ensemble » acceptable pour tous; espérons que les rares juristes inuit, juges, avocats, ou les enseignants formés au droit les rejoindront bientôt nombreux dans cet effort.
U.S. Consideration of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention
Authors: Kurin Richard
Published: January 2017

UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, voted overwhelmingly at the biennial meeting of its General Conference in Paris on October 17, 2003 to adopt a new internationalConvention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. That Convention became international law on April 30, 2006. By the end of 2006 it had been ratified or accepted by 68 countries; today, that number is approaching universal acceptance with more than 160 nations having acceded to the convention. At the 2003 session, some 120 nation-members voted for the convention; more registered their support subsequently. No one voted against it; only a handful of nations abstained – Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States among them. Within some of those nations, debate over whether to ratify the treaty continues. In this paper, the author considers the convention and unofficially examines the U.S. government position with regard to why support for it was withheld in 2003, how deliberations have proceeded since then, and whether or not the U.S. might ultimately accept the treaty.
Surface Hardness of Hybrid Ionomer with Different Curing Time (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Sipahutar Arfita , Yudhit Astrid , Rusfian Rusfian
Published: January 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing times (20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds).

Methods: This was an experimental laboratory with posttest only group design. Twenty-four disk shape hybrid ionomer specimens with a diameter of 5 mm and 2 mm in thickness were prepared and polymerized with Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) for 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds as group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. All samples were immersed in distilled water under 37°C temperature for 24 hours as initial treatment. Surface hardness test was done using Vickers Hardness Test with load 50 gf for 20 second. The Data was analyzed with one way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: Using one way anova test (p ≤ 0.05) shows the mean and standard deviation of the group 1 is 25,900 ± 2,5659VHN; group 2 is 29,800 ± 1,1983 VHN; group 3 is 31,283 ± 0,5037 VHN; group 4 is 36, 183 ± 2,3430 VHN and the obtained value p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05).

The mean values and standard deviation were 25.900 ± 2.5659 VHN; 29.800 ± 1.1983 VHN; 31.283 ±0.5037 VHN; 6.183 ± 2.3430 VHN for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Statistic analyzed showed a significant different among groups with p value =0.000 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion There are significant differences in surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing time (20, 30,40, and 50 seconds). The longer curing time will increase the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer.
The Effect of Link N on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Under IL-1β Stimulation
Authors: Yang Mu Chen , Wang Ding Han , Hsu Wun Eng , Hsu Ming Lun
Published: January 2017

Objective: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis can be induced by several inflammatory cytokines that may affect extracellular matrix (ECM) component expression. Link-N is exfoliated from Link protein (LP) which is one of the ECM components. It possesses ability to stimulate synthesis of ECM component. However, information regarding the potential of Link-N to modulate inflammatory process remains lacking.

Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from oral adipose tissues were isolated from dental operation under regulation of IRB, and were stained by the early stage stem cell markers (OCT4, NANOG, REX1, and SOX2). MSCs were under IL-1β (1ng/ml) or Link-N (1μg/ml) stimulation at 24 hours and 96 hours. Cell supernatant were collected then concentration quantification of cytokines was performed by Luminex multiplex assays.

Results: MSCs showed the early stage stem cell markers. IP-10 and IL-6 increased significantly under IL-1βstimulation, but Link-N did not. The protection marker, IL-4, IL-13 elevated during Link-N treatment compared with only IL-1β stimulation at 24, 96 hours. The chondrogenesis regulator, TGF-β, increased significantly compared with only IL-1β stimulation at 96 hours.

Conclusion: During inflammation, Link-N can inhibit inflammatory response. On the other hand, it can enhance protection marker and chondrogenesis regulator expression. Link N may provide additional effect to assist joint repair.
A Rare Cancer of the Tongue That Showed Unusual Histology and Immunohistochemical Phenotype: Case Report
Authors: Ohata Yae , Tohyama Rei , Kayamori Kou , Shimamoto Hiroaki , Hirota Yuka , Harada Hiroyuki , Izumo Toshiyuki , Sakamoto Kei
Published: January 2017

We report a rare case of primary tongue cancer that showed unusual clinical, histological and immunohistological features. The patient was a 73-year-old man who presented with a submucosal tumor in the left side of tongue. Treatment consisted of preoperative chemotherapy, hemiglossectomy, unilateral neck dissection and postoperative chemo-radiotherapy. The tumor locates in the submucosa, independently of the overlying tongue epithelium and the salivary gland. The tumor showed infiltrating growth, arranged in cord or trabecular nests without keratinization or distinct duct formation. The tumor cells were positive for pan-keratin, cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and p63, but negative for other specific markers. Since this tumor did not match any of the defined entity, we diagnosed this lesion as carcinoma, not otherwise specified of the tongue.
Metabolite exchange between microbiome members produces compounds that influence Drosophila behavior
Authors: Fischer Caleb N , Trautman Eric P , Crawford Jason M , Stabb Eric V , Handelsman Jo , Broderick Nichole A
Published: January 2017

Animals host multi-species microbial communities (microbiomes) whose properties may result from inter-species interactions; however, current understanding of host-microbiome interactions derives mostly from studies in which elucidation of microbe-microbe interactions is difficult. In exploring how Drosophila melanogaster acquires its microbiome, we found that a microbial community influences Drosophila olfactory and egg-laying behaviors differently than individual members. Drosophila prefers a Saccharomyces-Acetobacter co-culture to the same microorganisms grown individually and then mixed, a response mainly due to the conserved olfactory receptor, Or42b. Acetobacter metabolism of Saccharomyces-derived ethanol was necessary, and acetate and its metabolic derivatives were sufficient, for co-culture preference. Preference correlated with three emergent co-culture properties: ethanol catabolism, a distinct volatile profile, and yeast population decline. Egg-laying preference provided a context-dependent fitness benefit to larvae. We describe a molecular mechanism by which a microbial community affects animal behavior. Our results support a model whereby emergent metabolites signal a beneficial multispecies microbiome.
Structure and function of the mycobacterial transcription initiation complex with the essential regulator RbpA
Authors: Hubin Elizabeth A , Fay Allison , Xu Catherine , Bean James M , Saecker Ruth M , Glickman Michael S , Darst Seth A , Campbell Elizabeth A
Published: January 2017

RbpA and CarD are essential transcription regulators in mycobacteria. Mechanistic analyses of promoter open complex (RPo) formation establish that RbpA and CarD cooperatively stimulate formation of an intermediate (RP2) leading to RPo; formation of RP2 is likely a bottleneck step at the majority of mycobacterial promoters. Once RPo forms, CarD also disfavors its isomerization back to RP2. We determined a 2.76 Å-resolution crystal structure of a mycobacterial transcription initiation complex (TIC) with RbpA as well as a CarD/RbpA/TIC model. Both CarD and RbpA bind near the upstream edge of the −10 element where they likely facilitate DNA bending and impede transcription bubble collapse. In vivo studies demonstrate the essential role of RbpA, show the effects of RbpA truncations on transcription and cell physiology, and indicate additional functions for RbpA not evident in vitro. This work provides a framework to understand the control of mycobacterial transcription by RbpA and CarD.
The utility of ultrasonographically guided large‐core needle biopsy: results from 500 consecutive breast biopsies.
Authors: Smith D N , Rosenfield Darling M L , Meyer J E , Denison C M , Rose D I , Lester S , Richardson A , Kaelin C M , Rhei E , Christian R L
Published: January 2017

Five hundred ultrasonographically guided large‐core needle breast biopsies of solid masses were performed in 446 women. Histopathologic results were correlated with imaging findings. Ultrasonographically guided large‐core needle biopsy resulted in diagnosis of malignancy (n = 124) or severe atypical ductal hyperplasia (n = 4) in 128 lesions (26%). In the remaining 372 lesions (74%), ultrasonographically guided large‐core needle biopsy yielded benign pathologic results. Follow‐up of more than 1 year (n = 225), results of surgical excision (n = 50), or both were obtainable in 275 (74%) of the benign lesions. No malignancies were discovered at surgical excision or during follow‐up of this group of benign lesions. There were no complications related to large‐core needle biopsy that required additional treatment. Ultrasonographically guided large‐core needle biopsy is a safe and accurate method for evaluating breast lesions that require tissue sampling.
Detection of parenchymal abnormalities in acute pyelonephritis by pulse inversion harmonic imaging with or without microbubble ultrasonographic contrast agent: correlation with computed tomography.
Authors: Kim B , Lim H K , Choi M H , Woo J Y , Ryu J , Kim S , Peck K R
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of pulse inversion harmonic imaging with or without microbubble ultrasonographic contrast agent in depicting renal parenchymal changes in acute pyelonephritis. The study population included 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis and 10 healthy volunteers. Pulse inversion harmonic imaging with or without contrast agent was compared with conventional ultrasonography and tissue harmonic imaging in terms of detection and conspicuity of renal abnormalities. The detection and conspicuity of renal parenchymal abnormalities in acute pyelonephritis on tissue harmonic imaging, pulse inversion harmonic imaging, and contrast‐enhanced pulse inversion harmonic imaging were significantly better than those on conventional ultrasonography. In 2 of 10 healthy volunteers all 4 techniques yielded false‐positive diagnoses of parenchymal abnormalities. In conclusion, tissue harmonic imaging and pulse inversion harmonic imaging are sensitive techniques for depicting renal parenchymal lesions in acute pyelonephritis. Despite relatively lower specificities and negative predictive values, these techniques are thought to be useful for the depiction of subtle parenchymal changes in acute pyelonephritis.
Early detection of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation by Doppler ultrasonography: prognostic implications.
Authors: García-Criado A , Gilabert R , Nicolau C , Real I , Arguis P , Bianchi L , Vilana R , Salmerón J M , García-Valdecasas J C , Brú C
Published: January 2017

We assessed the usefulness of routine Doppler ultrasonography for early detection of hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation and repercussions in patient prognosis. Seventeen confirmed cases of early hepatic artery thrombosis initially diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography (10 of them before clinical indication) were reviewed. All patients underwent Doppler ultrasonographic studies in the first 3 days after orthotopic liver transplantation. Twelve cases of hepatic artery thrombosis (70.6%) were detected by this early Doppler ultrasonography. All 10 unsuspected cases of hepatic artery thrombosis and 5 of the 7 cases diagnosed after clinical indication were treated by revascularization. Grafts were salvaged in 80% of asymptomatic patients and in 42.8% of symptomatic patients. Furthermore, biliary complications were less serious in the first group. In conclusion, Doppler ultrasonography performed routinely in the first 3 days after orthotopic liver transplantation may permit early detection of hepatic artery thrombosis, even before clinical indications. This allows hepatic artery repermeabilization before liver function damage, improving graft rescue and patient prognosis.
Fused umbilical arteries: prenatal sonographic diagnosis and clinical significance.
Authors: Sepulveda W , Dezerega V , Carstens E , Gutierrez J
Published: January 2017

This report describes a series of 5 fetuses with fused umbilical arteries that had the prenatal feature of a single umbilical artery near the placental insertion and the normal 2 umbilical arteries at the fetal end of the cord. In 1 case this vascular anomaly was associated with unilateral renal agenesis in a fetus with a subsequent diagnosis of Hallermann‐Streiff syndrome. No perinatal complications were identified in the remaining 4 fetuses. Postpartum examination of the cord revealed that the 2 umbilical arteries fused to form 1 artery for a long segment of the distal portion of the cord. Our findings suggest that the prenatal evaluation of the umbilical cord to document the number of vessels should include multiple views of the cord and demonstration of the 2 intra‐abdominal umbilical arteries with color Doppler imaging for a confident diagnosis. Our observation also suggests that, at least in some cases, single umbilical artery may result from incomplete splitting of the single artery normally present in early human embryos.
Ultrasonographically guided thyroid biopsy: a review with emphasis on technique.
Authors: Rausch P , Nowels K , Jeffrey R B
Published: January 2017

We describe our technique for ultrasonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid that achieves a high rate of diagnostic specimens. Indications for ultrasonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy included a difficult‐to‐palpate thyroid nodule and previously unsuccessful palpation‐guided fine‐needle aspiration. Ultrasonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy was performed on 316 thyroid nodules in 306 patients. Adequate cytologic specimens were obtained in 97.2% of the nodules in which biopsy was performed, with a 2.8% rate of inadequate cellularity. Two helpful aspects of this technique that were thought to improve the overall diagnostic yield were the use of color and power Doppler "vascular mapping" of the nodule just before biopsy and on‐site cytologic control.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the cervix: transperineal versus endovaginal imaging.
Authors: Hertzberg B S , Livingston E , DeLong D M , McNally P J , Fazekas C K , Kliewer M A
Published: January 2017

This study compares transperineal and endovaginal ultrasonography of the gravid cervix to evaluate image quality and assess for a systematic difference in cervical lengths measured by the 2 techniques.

Transperineal and endovaginal ultrasonography of the cervix was performed on 64 pregnant women. Two physicians reviewed the images and rated the relative diagnostic value of the techniques for assessing the cervix and for evaluating for placenta previa. Cervical length was measured prospectively in both techniques. Data were analyzed to determine if there is a systematic difference in length using the 2 approaches and if length differences are dependent on gestational age.

There was a strong reviewer preference for endovaginal ultrasonographic images over transperineal images for both assessing the cervix (P< .001) and evaluating for placenta previa (P< .001). Despite this, transperineal and endovaginal ultrasonographic images were frequently rated as similar in diagnostic quality by both reviewers for depicting the cervix (35.9% of patients) and evaluating for placenta previa (57.8% of patients). The mean length of the cervix was slightly shorter at transperineal ultrasonography (28.4 mm) than at endovaginal ultrasonography (30.1 mm). When cervical lengths were subdivided by gestational age, however, a significant length discrepancy was found only in the 14‐ to 20‐week gestational age range. In this age range, mean cervical length at transperineal ultrasonography (28.6 mm) averaged 5.5 mm less than at endovaginal ultrasonography (34.1 mm).

Both transperineal and endovaginal ultrasonography can provide satisfactory images of the cervix, but endovaginal images are frequently superior to transperineal images. Endovaginal ultrasonography should be considered the optimal method for imaging the cervix in most situations. Transabdominal or transperineal ultrasonography can also be used, but if the cervix is not adequately depicted from these perspectives, endovaginal ultrasonography is indicated. Transperineal measurements of cervical length can be significantly shorter than endovaginal measurements, particularly before 20 weeks; therefore, short cervical lengths documented at transperineal ultrasonography before 20 weeks should be confirmed by endovaginal ultrasonography.
Fetus acardius: two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasonographic diagnoses.
Authors: Bonilla-Musoles F , Machado L E , Raga F , Osborne N G
Published: January 2017

To determine whether ultrasonographic detection of acardiac fetuses and diagnostic accuracy of related malformations improve with complementary use of two‐dimensional ultrasonography, three‐dimensional ultrasonography, and Doppler scanning.

Three pregnant women with multifetal gestations who were found to have discordant fetuses on initial two‐dimensional ultrasonographic scanning were subsequently scanned with three‐dimensional ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography.

Although the possibility of acardiac fetuses was entertained in all cases after two‐dimensional ultrasonographic scanning, the diagnosis was confirmed, and the accuracy and extent of fetal malformations were established with three‐dimensional ultrasonography and color Doppler scanning. Two of the women had twin gestations, and the third woman had a triplet gestation. Among the women with twin gestations, 1 donor twin had no abnormalities, and the other donor twin had a diagnosis of arthrogryposis and gastroschisis. The woman with triplets had 1 acardiac fetus; the donor fetus was anencephalic; and the third fetus had alobar holoprosencephaly.

Complementary use of two‐dimensional ultrasonography, three‐dimensional ultrasonography, and color Doppler scanning improves diagnostic accuracy and the ability to evaluate the extent and severity of organ compromise in pregnancies complicated by acardiac fetuses.
Sonographic findings of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas.
Authors: Lee D H , Yi B H , Lim J W , Ko Y T
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the sonographic findings of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas, a rare tumor occurring in young women.

The sonographic findings of 11 cases of pathologically proven solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas were retrospectively evaluated.

In 6 cases (55%), combined cystic and solid portions of the masses were observed, whereas only solid‐looking masses without anechoic cystic portions were seen in 4 cases (36%). One case (9%) had marginal calcification, consequently, the internal architecture was not evaluated by sonography. Internal echoes were seen in 3 of 6 cystic and solid masses. Septa were seen in 3 cases. Among 11 cases of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm, tumor margins were well defined in 10, and tumor capsules were detected in 9 (echogenic in 7 and hypoechoic in 2). Calcifications were seen in 3 cases (27%).

The characteristic sonographic findings of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm were well‐encapsulated, cystic, and solid masses, but sometimes the mass was seen as a pure solid‐looking mass or had internal septations or calcifications.
Variation in fetal femur length with respect to maternal race.
Authors: Shipp T D , Bromley B , Mascola M , Benacerraf B
Published: January 2017

We sought to evaluate whether the expected fetal femur length, based on biparietal diameter, varies in second‐trimester fetuses with respect to maternal race. The study population was composed of all fetuses scanned from 15 to 20 completed weeks' gestation during a 2‐month period (June to August 1998). Maternal race was documented at the time of the ultrasonographic examination. Biparietal diameter and femur length were prospectively documented. The variance from the expected femur length, given the biparietal diameter, was calculated, and the mean variations were compared according to maternal race. The study subgroups were composed of the fetuses of 39 Asian mothers, 31 black mothers, and the first 100 white mothers. The mean values of the variance from the expected fetal femur length by biparietal diameter +/‐ 1 SD for the various racial groups were as follows: fetuses of Asian mothers, ‐0.66 +/‐ 1.64 mm; fetuses of black mothers, 0.88 +/‐ 1.57 mm; and fetuses of white mothers, 0.13 +/‐ 1.66 mm (P = .0007). To isolate the differences among the 3 racial groups, the mean values of the variance from the expected femur length by biparietal diameter for the fetuses of Asian and black mothers were compared with the mean value for the fetuses of white mothers (Asian versus white mothers, P = .014; black versus white mothers, P = .026). A significant difference in the mean variance from the expected femur length by biparietal diameter was identified among the fetuses of women in the second trimester with respect to racial group. Less‐than‐expected femur lengths were noted among the fetuses of Asian mothers, and greater‐than‐expected femur lengths were noted among the fetuses of black mothers, compared with the femurs of fetuses of white mothers. The implications for the use of fetal femur length as a component of the genetic sonogram in patients of various races require further study.
Cephalic vein and hemodialysis fistula: surgeon's observation versus color Doppler ultrasonographic findings.
Authors: Mihmanli I , Besirli K , Kurugoglu S , Atakir K , Haider S , Ogut G , Numan F , Canturk E , Sayin A G
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative color Doppler ultrasonography improves immediate success rates of arteriovenous fistulas for dialysis. One hundred twenty‐four patients with chronic renal failure underwent color Doppler ultrasonographic examination of both arms, including the cephalic vein, before arteriovenous fistula construction. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: A and B. In group A, there were 52 patients, and the surgeon planned to construct arteriovenous fistulas depending only on physical examination. In group B, which comprised 72 patients, surgeons performed arteriovenous fistula construction on sites labeled by color Doppler ultrasonography. In group A, of 52 patients who had surgery for arteriovenous fistula construction, 13 had fistulas that did not function. Among these 13 patients, 8 were found to have chronic thrombotic changes in the cephalic vein on color Doppler ultrasonography, and 5 had none of these changes. When we checked the color Doppler ultrasonographic findings, we noted that these 5 patients had decreased volume flow in the radial artery. On the whole, the arteriovenous fistulas worked in 39 patients (75%) and did not function in 13 patients (25%). In group B, surgeons followed the color Doppler ultrasonographic results. Of 72 patients who underwent the procedure, 68 patients (94.4%) had functioning fistulas, whereas 4 (5.6%) had fistulas that did not work. These 4 patients were found to have low volume flow in the radial artery. When both groups were compared by chi2 analysis, the difference was statistically significant (P = .002). Group B, in which patients were preoperatively evaluated by color Doppler ultrasonography, had a high success rate. We found that color Doppler ultrasonography is very helpful as a noninvasive procedure for this evaluation. Although many surgical clinics still perform arteriovenous fistula construction without the aid of color Doppler ultrasonographic findings, we think that the use of color Doppler ultrasonography should be emphasized before surgeons proceed with arteriovenous fistula construction.
Outcome of prenatally diagnosed mild unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly.
Authors: Kinzler W L , Smulian J C , McLean D A , Guzman E R , Vintzileos A M
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of prenatally diagnosed unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly and also to assess neonatal outcome in infants with this prenatal diagnosis. A computerized ultrasonography database identified fetuses with isolated and nonisolated unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly from October 1994 to June 1999. The Denver II Developmental Screening Test was used to assess developmental skills. Unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly was diagnosed in 15 of 21,172 (1 per 1,411) pregnancies. The width of the enlarged lateral ventricle ranged from 1.0 to 1.9 cm. In 10 (67%) of 15 cases unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly was an isolated finding. Eight of the 14 infants who were born at 36 weeks' gestation or later had postnatal cranial imaging, and ventricular asymmetry was confirmed in 5 (63%). One infant with an arachnoid cyst and cerebral palsy died at 2 years of age. The remaining 11 infants in whom developmental milestones were assessed had age‐appropriate skills. Unilateral fetal ventriculomegaly is usually an isolated finding and when isolated has little measurable effect on developmental outcome.
Abdominal Pain and Preeclampsia
Authors: Suarez Bruno , Alves Karine , Senat Marie Victoire , Fromageot Jerome , Fischer Catherine , Rosenberg Patrick , Ville Yves
Published: January 2017

Objective. To describe sonographic findings in livers of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and abdominal pain. Methods. Over a 12‐month period, we performed serial sonographic examinations on 32 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and acute right upper quadrant and epigastric pain. On each sonogram we observed the liver size and texture, “periportal halo” sign, gallbladder wall, Glisson capsule thickness, painful compression of the liver and gallbladder, and ascites. The pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and uterus were also studied. Sonography was repeated after delivery. Results. Initial sonograms showed liver abnormalities in 28 patients. Abnormalities consisted of liver hypertrophy (n = 24), hyperechoic thickening of the periportal area (periportal halo sign; n = 23), striated thickening of the gallbladder wall (n = 27), hyperechoic thickening of the Glisson capsule (n = 11), liver areas of increased echogenicity (n = 11), subcapsular hematoma (n = 1), and subcapsular calcification (n = 1). Probe compression of the liver enhanced abdominal pain (n = 13), whereas the gallbladder was painless in all cases. No gallbladder stones were detected. Ascites (n = 16) and pleural effusion (n = 11) were also present. In no case did we detect abnormalities of the pancreas, kidneys, or spleen. All patients eventually had hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists classification. In 7 cases, HELLP syndrome developed postpartum. Three patients also had eclampsia. Follow‐up sonograms highlighted quick regression of abnormalities after delivery. Conclusions. The livers of women with severe preeclampsia who had HELLP syndrome showed sonographic abnormalities before biological abnormalities. Serial sonographic examinations could therefore contribute to the obstetric care of these women. Preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome should be routinely checked for in all pregnant women with acute abdominal pain.
Ultrasonographic Findings Correspond to Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histologic Findings in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Enterocolitides
Authors: Haber Hans P. , Busch Andreas , Ziebach Rita , Dette Stephan , Ruck Peter , Stern Martin
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To compare results obtained by abdominal ultrasonography with clinical findings, including endoscopic and histologic findings, to evaluate the location and activity of inflammatory bowel disease, including disease controls in children.

Methods

Ninety‐two ultrasonographic scans and 41 colonoscopic examinations with biopsies were performed in 78 patients (1 month to 17.8 years of age) with Crohn's disease (n = 26), ulcerative colitis (n = 21), inflammatory bowel disease of indeterminate type (n = 2), and disease controls (other intestinal disorders, including infectious and ischemic lesions; n = 29). Laboratory parameters for inflammatory bowel disease were determined, and disease activity was assessed by a combination of clinical and laboratory data. Bowel wall thickness and echo texture were recorded in a standardized way by ultrasonography and compared with endoscopic and histologic findings in a segment‐by‐segment comparison.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in detecting patients with severe macroscopic lesions depicted on endoscopy were 77% and 83%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in detecting patients with severe histologic inflammation were 75% and 82%. There was a statistically significant correlation between maximal bowel wall thickness and disease activity score (P < .01).

Conclusions

Abdominal ultrasonography may be helpful in evaluating the location, severity, and inflammatory activity of inflammatory bowel disease in children and young adults.
Ultrasonographic Estimation of Fetal Weight
Authors: Predanic Mladen , Cho Angel , Ingrid Flores , Pellettieri John
Published: January 2017

Objective. Ultrasonographic imaging is considered an objective means for fetal weight estimation. The goals of this study were to determine the accuracy of ultrasonographic estimates of fetal weight performed by residents in training and to ascertain how rapidly the residents gained proficiency in this regard. Methods. A total of 300 ultrasonographic estimates of fetal weight and corresponding birth weight were collected and stratified into 4 groups by the level of residents' experience, from level 1 (inexperienced, with <6 months of exposure) to level 4 (advanced experience, with at least 24 months of training). The proportional difference between ultrasonographic estimates of fetal weight and birth weight was calculated for each case and grouped according to the level of training of the examiner. The derived data were compared by analysis of variance, linear regression, and χ2 test. Results. Significant increases in the accuracy of ultrasonographic estimates of fetal weight were observed with advancing levels of resident experience (P < .0001). Overall, 30.6% of ultrasonographic estimates of fetal weight fell within 5% of birth weight, and 60.6% fell within 10%. Among the least experienced residents (<6 months of training), 49.4% of estimates fell within 10% of birth weight; among those with 6 to 11 months of experience, 53.5% of estimates fell within 10%; among those with 12 to 23 months of experience, 64.1% of estimates fell within 10%; and among the most experienced (≥24 months), 73.6% of estimates fell within 10%. Conclusions. There is a learning curve for ultrasonographic estimates of fetal weight, with a significant decrease in the percent error seen with advancing training among residents, reaching acceptable levels of more than 70% of estimates within 10% of birth weight after 24 months of ultrasonographic experience.
Utility of Targeted Sonography in the Evaluation of Focal Breast Pain
Authors: Leung Jessica W. T. , Kornguth Phyllis J. , Gotway Michael B.
Published: January 2017

Objective. To determine the utility of targeted sonography in the evaluation of patients with focal breast pain. Methods. From January 1995 through December 1999, 110 targeted sonographic examinations were performed in 99 patients for evaluation of focal breast pain in the absence of an associated palpable mass. The sonographic, mammographic, and clinical findings were reviewed. The hospital pathology database was searched to identify any interval cancers and false‐negative interpretations. Results. No cancer was identified in any of the 110 examinations. Eighty‐five (77.3%) of the examinations had negative findings. Cysts were identified in 15 cases (13.6%), and 3 solid masses (2.7%) were identified. Two of these 3 solid masses had biopsies and were shown to be benign, whereas the third mass was followed for 29 months without change. Most patients were premenopausal, had no family or personal history of breast cancer, and were not taking exogenous hormones. Eighty‐five patients (77%) were referred by primary care physicians. Conclusions. In patients with focal breast pain without an associated palpable mass, sonography may be more useful for patient reassurance than for cancer detection.
Tissue Harmonic Imaging of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Szopinski Kazimierz T. , Wysocki Maciej , Pajk Anna M. , Slapa Rafal Z. , Jakubowski Wieslaw , Szopinska Malgorzata
Published: January 2017

Objective. To determine the impact of tissue harmonic imaging on visualization of the thyroid and gray scale contrast between thyroid nodules and adjacent thyroid parenchyma. Methods. A prospective study was performed on 144 patients (148 lesions) undergoing sonographically guided fineneedle biopsy. The fundamental frequency and tissue harmonic images were obtained on a scanner with a wideband 7.5‐MHz linear probe. One hundred forty‐two benign nodules, 2 papillary carcinomas, 1 anaplastic carcinoma, and 1 metastatic lesion were found. In 1 case a suggestion of a follicular carcinoma was raised, and in 1 case no diagnostic material was obtained. The gray scale intensity of the lesions and adjacent thyroid tissue was measured with graphics software, and the gray scale contrast between lesions and adjacent thyroid tissue was calculated. Additionally, the overall conspicuity and border definition were evaluated by 2 independent observers. Results. Tissue harmonic imaging improved the gray scale contrast between thyroid nodules and adjacent thyroid parenchyma in 116 lesions (78.4%). The overall conspicuity and border definition were improved or equal in the harmonic mode for most lesions. Conclusions. The tissue harmonic imaging technique used as an adjunct to conventional thyroid sonography may improve lesion detectability and characterization.
Sonographic Features of Necrosed Renal Papillae Causing Hydronephrosis
Authors: Vijayaraghavan S. Boopathy , Kandasamy Sangampalayam Vedhanayagam , Arul Mylsamy , Prabhakar Muniappan
Published: January 2017

Objective. To describe the sonographic appearance of ureteric obstruction due to necrosed papillae. Methods. In this study, carried out over 3 years 6 months, patients with diabetes mellitus who had renal colic were studied by sonography. Results. In 15 patients with hydronephrosis, there was a soft tissue mass of necrosed papillae filling the ureteric lumen at the site of obstruction. Necrosed papillae were seen in medullary cavities of the ipsilateral kidney in 5 patients. Ureteroscopic removal of necrosed papillae was done in 13 patients. One patient was not fit for an invasive procedure. Conclusions. When patients predisposed to renal papillary necrosis have renal colic, and sonography fails to show a ureteric calculus, it is best to look for necrosed papillae in the ureter, which may be causing obstruction.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Carpal Tunnel After Provocative Exercises
Authors: Altinok M. Tayfun , Baysal Ozlem , Karakas H. Muammer , Firat Ahmet K.
Published: January 2017

Objective. Dynamic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a subtype of CTS in which symptoms usually subside with rest and return with repetitive motions. In this subgroup, nerve conduction studies, performed at rest, are often inconclusive. In this study, the diagnostic value of provocative sonography was evaluated in patients with dynamic CTS. Methods. Twenty wrists of 13 patients with dynamic CTS and 10 control subjects were investigated with sonography before and immediately after provocative exercises imitating work‐related stresses. In addition to conventional indices (palmar displacement, nerve area at the middle level, and swelling ratio before and after exercise), 2 newly formed indices (provocative nerve area ratio and provocative palmar displacement ratio) were investigated. Results. In the pre‐exercise period, there were no significant differences between patients and control subjects regarding palmar displacement and the swelling ratio. The difference was significant (P = .035) for the nerve area at the middle level. In the post‐exercise period, all parameters were significantly different between patients and control subjects. The nerve area at the middle level and the swelling ratio had higher significance (P < .0001) than palmar displacement (P = .015). The post‐exercise swelling ratio had the highest sensitivity (95%) in diagnosing dynamic CTS when a cutoff value of 1.26 was used. The provocative palmar displacement ratio had high sensitivity (80%) and the highest specificity (90%) for a cutoff value of 1.28. Conclusions. Provocative exercises increase sensitivity and specificity and contribute to the sonographic diagnosis of dynamic CTS. This examination should be performed if electrodiagnostic test results are negative.