bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling microbiome changes in Mediterranean octocorals during the 2022 marine heatwaves: quantifying key bacterial symbionts and potential pathogens
Authors: Prioux Camille , Tignat-Perrier Romie , Gervais Ophélie , Estaque Tristan , Schull Quentin , Reynaud Stéphanie , Béraud Eric , Mérigot Bastien , Beauvieux Anaïs , Marcus Maria-Isabelle , Richaume Justine , Bianchimani Olivier , Cheminée Adrien , Allemand Denis , Ferrier-Pagès Christine
Published: December 2023

Background

Climate change has accelerated the occurrence and severity of heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea and poses a significant threat to the octocoral species that form the foundation of marine animal forests (MAFs). As coral health intricately relies on the symbiotic relationships established between corals and microbial communities, our goal was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of bacteria in the observed tissue loss of key octocoral species following the unprecedented heatwaves in 2022.

Results

Using amplicon sequencing and taxon-specific qPCR analyses, we unexpectedly found that the absolute abundance of the major bacterial symbionts, Spirochaetaceae (C. rubrum) and Endozoicomonas (P. clavata), remained, in most cases, unchanged between colonies with 0% and 90% tissue loss. These results suggest that the impairment of coral health was not due to the loss of the main bacterial symbionts. However, we observed a significant increase in the total abundance of bacterial opportunists, including putative pathogens such as Vibrio, which was not evident when only their relative abundance was considered. In addition, there was no clear relation between bacterial symbiont loss and the intensity of thermal stress, suggesting that factors other than temperature may have influenced the differential response of octocoral microbiomes at different sampling sites.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that tissue loss in octocorals is not directly caused by the decline of the main bacterial symbionts but by the proliferation of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria. Our findings thus underscore the significance of considering both relative and absolute quantification approaches when evaluating the impact of stressors on coral microbiome as the relative quantification does not accurately depict the actual changes in the microbiome. Consequently, this research enhances our comprehension of the intricate interplay between host organisms, their microbiomes, and environmental stressors, while offering valuable insights into the ecological implications of heatwaves on marine animal forests.
Metabolic changes preceding bladder cancer occurrence among Korean men: a nested case-control study from the KCPS-II cohort
Authors: Han Youngmin , Kim Unchong , Jung Keum Ji , Lee Ji-Young , Lee Kwangbae , Shin Sang Yop , Kimm Heejin , Jee Sun Ha
Published: December 2023

Background

Bladder cancer (BLCA) research in Koreans is still lacking, especially in focusing on the prediction of BLCA. The current study aimed to discover metabolic signatures related to BLCA onset and confirm its potential as a biomarker.

Methods

We designed two nested case-control studies using Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS)-II. Only males aged 35–69 were randomly selected and divided into two sets by recruitment organizations [set 1, BLCA (n = 35) vs. control (n = 35); set 2, BLCA (n = 31) vs. control (n = 31)]. Baseline serum samples were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics profiling, and OPLS-DA and network analysis were performed. Calculated genetic risk score (GRS) for BLCA from all KCPS participants was utilized for interpreting metabolomics data.

Results

Critical metabolic signatures shown in the BLCA group were dysregulation of lysine metabolism and tryptophan-indole metabolism. Furthermore, the prediction model consisting of metabolites (lysine, tryptophan, indole, indoleacrylic acid, and indoleacetaldehyde) reflecting these metabolic signatures showed mighty BLCA predictive power (AUC: 0.959 [0.929–0.989]). The results of metabolic differences between GRS-high and GRS-low groups in BLCA indicated that the pathogenesis of BLCA is associated with a genetic predisposition. Besides, the predictive ability for BLCA on the model using GRS and five significant metabolites was powerful (AUC: 0.990 [0.980–1.000]).

Conclusion

Metabolic signatures shown in the present research may be closely associated with BLCA pathogenesis. Metabolites involved in these could be predictive biomarkers for BLCA. It could be utilized for early diagnosis, prognostic diagnosis, and therapeutic targets for BLCA.
The relationship between pregnancy and birth experience with maternal-fetal attachment and mother-child bonding: a descriptive-analytical study
Authors: Moniri Monireh , Rashidi Fatemeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Rezaei Mansour , Ghanbari-Homaie Solmaz
Published: December 2023

Background

Pregnancy and childbirth experience can be important factors for a pleasant relationship between mother and baby. This study assessed the relationship between the pregnancy and birth experience with maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) and mother-child bonding.

Methods

A descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 228 pregnant women in Tabriz, Iran February 2022 to March 2023. Using cluster random sampling method, we included 228 women with gestational age 28–36 weeks and followed them up until six weeks postpartum. Data were collected in two stages using the following questionnaires: Pregnancy Experience Scale (hassles and uplifts), Maternal-Fetal Attachment Questionnaire (during the third trimester of pregnancy), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, and Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (six weeks postpartum). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test and general linear model.

Results

The mean score of MFA was significantly higher among women with feelings of being uplifted during pregnancy [β (95% CI) = 1.14 (0.87 to 1.41); p < 0.001]. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between pregnancy hassles and MFA and mother-child bonding (p > 0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between childbirth experience and mother-child bonding (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, pregnancy uplifts have a positive role in improving MFA. Therefore, it is recommended to plan interventions to make pregnancy period a pleasant experience for mothers.
Contextual numismatics: a post-processual approach illustrated by application to Roman coins
Authors: Krmnicek Stefan
Published: December 2023

In this paper, ‘contextual numismatics’ is presented as the most recent and innovative research direction in the field of numismatics. In addition, its further potential for research and the limit of gaining knowledge are outlined. A historical overview of the gradual development of an archaeological-oriented approach to numismatic material serves as an introduction to the discussion. This is followed by a presentation of the distinguishing features compared to other research methods to study Roman coin finds, as well as a discussion of possible paths and goals in the further development of this approach to study these culturally significant objects.
Comparison of the sensitivities and accuracies of optoelectronic transducers for solar irradiance measurement
Authors: Onatoyinbo Olubunmi O. , Willoughby Alexander A. , Soge Ayodele O. , Dairo Oluropo F.
Published: December 2023

This paper compares the sensitivities and accuracies of four different optoelectronic transducers in measuring solar irradiance for the fabrication of portable and low-cost pyranometers. Trans-impedance conditioning circuits were designed for two phototransistors (BP103 and SFH3310) and two photodiodes (BPW21 and BPW34). The Arduino Mega 2560 was used as an interface between the analogue signal produced by the conditioning circuits and the digital output ports. The transducers with a standard pyranometer RSRA_05V were arranged on a vero board and exposed to the sun. Statistical analysis of the experimental results produced the least root mean square error value of 6.58794 Wm−2 for phototransistor BP103 during the dry season followed by 13.35216 Wm−2 for phototransistor SFH3310 during the dry season. The correlation coefficients of BPW21, BPW34, BP103, and SFH3310 with the standard pyranometer are 0.9489, 0.9916, 0.9976, and 0.9905, respectively. The experimental results obtained from the phototransistors BP103 and SFH3310 strongly correlated with those of the standard pyranometer coupled with lower root mean square error and mean bias error values than those of the photodiodes. Thus, the phototransistors BP103 and SFH3310 are more accurate and effective for measuring solar irradiance. This study contributes to the development of low-cost and accurate solar radiation meters.
A comparison of methods for assessing groundwater vulnerability in karst aquifers: the case study of Terminio Mt. aquifer (Southern Italy)
Authors: Cusano Delia , Coda Silvio , De Vita Pantaleone , Fabbrocino Silvia , Fusco Francesco , Lepore Daniele , Nicodemo Federico , Pizzolante Antonio , Tufano Rita , Allocca Vincenzo
Published: December 2023

The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution is becoming even more important all over the world due to the increase of impacts of human activities on groundwater resources and the related risks to the human health, economics, and the environment. Owing to the variability of methods known for estimating groundwater vulnerability, basically depending on hydrogeological parameters considered and the scale of analysis, the comparison of results of different methods appears straightforward for identifying the best approach in a given hydrogeological condition and reference scale. In such a view, this work attempts to assess the groundwater vulnerability of the Terminio Mt. karst aquifer, by applying four different groundwater vulnerability methods, index-based, and comparing results in order to identify the best performing one in karst environments. The study aquifer, located in the Picentini Mts Regional Park (Campania region, southern Italy) represents a strategic drinking water resource since Roman times and hosts massive groundwater resources which outflow mainly from tapped basal and subordinately perched springs.

The peculiar characters of the study karst aquifer, which favour direct infiltration and groundwater recharge processes, as well as the occurrence of industrial, agricultural and grazing activities, make it very vulnerable to groundwater pollution, thus requiring a proper and careful territorial management.

Beside the most frequently and generally used methods for assessing groundwater vulnerability, such as the DRASTIC and SINTACS, also DAC and COP methods specifically designed for karst aquifers were applied and mutually compared. Results of SINTACS, DRASTIC and DAC methods show groundwater vulnerability maps of the Terminio Mt. karst aquifer as chiefly characterized by two classes of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability, varying between the medium and high degrees. Furthermore, high and extremely high values of groundwater vulnerability were found in areas controlled by the shallow depth of the water-table. Instead, the COP method resulted as the most effective in identifying the endorheic areas and the related karst morphologies as very high groundwater vulnerability zones, therefore the most suitable in capturing specific hydrogeological features of karst areas that control groundwater pollution and vulnerability.

Results obtained will support decision tools aimed at the land use planning and protection of karst aquifers from pollution in karst areas.
Assessing the prevalence and psychological correlates of selfie addiction in Mansoura Medical School students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: El Adgham Ahmed Reda , Ibrahim Ibtihal M. A. , Elkalla Ibrahem Hamdey Rashed , El Hadidy Mohamed A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Selfie addiction has become one of the most noticed phenomena in our modern life that is affecting people of all ages. Many researchers reported that students’ addictive selfie-taking behavior resulted in the loss of function and the development of psychological problems. In this study, we mainly targeted to calculate the prevalence of addiction of selfie at Mansoura Faculty of Medicine students and find its relationship with OCD, personality traits or disorders, and self-esteem.

Methodology

The study is a cross-sectional study which recruited 476 medical students through all grades. All of them are assigned to the questionnaires in the study, which included sociodemographic data, selfie addiction, Yale-Brown, Rosenberg, SCID II, and NEO scales. SCID-I scale was used to exclude students with psychotic disorder.

Results

Four-hundred seventy-six students were included in our study. Two-hundred seventy-eight (58.4%) of them showed selfie addictive behavior; most of them showed the mild degree (208 students of them) according to the used selfie scale. NPD showed strong relation with statistically significant result with selfie addiction (P-value = 0.034). Also, high self-esteem and OCD were numerically associated with selfie addiction despite lack of statistically significance (P-value = 0.366, 0.148, respectively).

Conclusions

The prevalence of selfie addiction was 58.4% at Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University students. There was a direct proportional relationship between selfie-taking behavior with high self-esteem, OCD, and narcissistic personality disorder.
Safety and efficacy of central line removal by guidewire extraction technique in children
Authors: Froehlich Mary , Schulte Spencer , Chang Shirong , Ikeda Alan , Scheidler Michael G.
Published: December 2023

Background

This study reviews a university pediatric surgery practice for the incidence of stuck subcutaneous port catheter (SSPC) removal and the efficacy of a guidewire extraction technique.

Methods

We reviewed all central catheter removals between 2018 and 2020. A SSPC was defined as resistance to removal after dissection of the subcutaneous tissue with signs of impending device fracture. Details of the catheter duration, initial diagnosis, and medications administered through the device were all recorded.

Results

One hundred eight patients underwent catheter removal and six were defined as SSPCs. Catheter in situ time ranged from 35 to 96 months. All six patients underwent the guidewire extraction technique and were removed in their entirety without the need for endovascular intervention or venotomy.

Conclusions

Pediatric patients who have a SSPC should undergo the guidewire extraction technique.
Working at the office or from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of temporal patterns of sitting and non-sitting among normal-weight and overweight Brazilian office workers
Authors: Brusaca Luiz Augusto , Hallman David M. , Januario Leticia Bergamin , Gupta Nidhi , Oliveira Ana Beatriz , Mathiassen Svend Erik
Published: December 2023

Background

This study documents and compares temporal patterns of physical behaviours, assessed using accelerometry, on working and non-working days among normal-weight (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) office workers who were either working exclusively at the office (WAO) or exclusively from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, behaviours were measured over 7 days using a thigh-worn accelerometer in 43 workers WAO (21 normal-weight and 22 overweight) and 73 workers WFH (33 normal-weight and 40 overweight). 24-h behaviours were completely described in terms of sitting in short (≤ 5 min), moderate (> 5 and ≤ 30 min) and long bouts (> 30 min), non-sitting in short (≤ 5 min) and long bouts (> 5 min), and time-in-bed. These behaviour compositions were transformed into five isometric log-ratios (ilr) coordinates according to compositional data analysis procedures. Differences between workplace (WAO vs. WFH) and BMI groups (normal-weight vs. overweight) were tested using ANCOVA with adjustment for age and gender.

Results

Compared to workers WAO, workers WFH spent more time-in-bed relative to time awake during working days, more time sitting relative to non-sitting, less time in short bouts of sitting relative to moderate and long bouts, less time in moderate bouts of sitting relative to long bouts, and more time non-sitting in short bouts relative to long bouts. Effect sizes [$$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

] were between 0.05 and 0.21 and p-values between < 0.001 and 0.04. Irrespective of workplace, overweight workers spent less time sitting in short relative to moderate and long bouts ($$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

 = 0.06, p = 0.01) than normal-weight workers, while differences in the other ilr coordinates were insignificant. During non-working days, behaviours did not differ significantly by workplace, while overweight workers spent more time sitting relative to non-sitting ($$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

 = 0.10, p < 0.001), less time sitting in short relative to moderate and long bouts ($$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

 = 0.13, p < 0.001), and less time sitting in moderate relative to long bouts ($$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

 = 0.04, p = 0.03) than normal-weight workers. We found no interactions between workplace and BMI.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that WFH and being overweight predispose to more time sitting and less temporal variation in behaviours, thus reinforcing that these workers could likely benefit from interventions to reduce prolonged sitting time and increase variation.
FLPR model: Nilpotent (anti-)co-BRST symmetries
Authors: Malik R. P.
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate the existence of a set of novel off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting continuous symmetry transformations, within the framework of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism, which are over and above the usual off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting (anti-)BRST transformations that are respected by the quantum version of the classical first-order Lagrangian for the Friedberg-Lee-Pang-Ren (FLPR) model that describes the motion of a single non-relativistic particle of unit mass (moving under the influence of a general rotationally invariant spatial two-dimensional potential). We christen these novel set of fermionic transformations as the (anti-)co-BRST transformations because the gauge-fixing terms remain invariant under them. We derive the conserved and off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST charges and comment on the physicality criteria with respect to them where we establish the presence of the operator forms of the first-class constraints (of the original classical gauge theory) at the quantum level which is consistent with the Dirac-quantization conditions.
HIF1α Elevations at Tissue and Serum Levels and Their Association With Metabolic Disorders in Children With Obesity
Authors: Zhou Nan , Zheng Wen , Peng Luting , Gao Shenghu , Shi Yanan , Cao Mengyao , Xu Yao , Sun Bin , Li Xiaonan
Published: December 2023

Objective

We aimed to examine the expression profile and circulating level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) in children and the relationships with metabolic disorders.

Methods

A total of 519 children were recruited, with paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues collected from 17 children and serum samples from the remaining children. All children underwent anthropometric and biochemical analyses. The mRNA, protein, and serum levels of HIF1α were determined by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.

Results

Both HIF1α mRNA and protein levels, especially in omental adipose tissue, were increased in overweight or obese (OV/OB) children (P < .05). Likewise, serum HIF1α level was remarkably higher in OV/OB children than in normal-weight children (P < .05). Serum HIF1α level was positively correlated with BMI z-score, fat mass percentage, waist to height ratio, systolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, total triglycerides, uric acid, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis of serum HIF1α level indicated that the risks for IR, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome remained significant in the presence of all potential confounding variables. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for serum HIF1α level in children who were diagnosed with IR, NAFLD, and metabolic syndrome were 0.698 (95% CI, 0.646-0.750; P < .001), 0.679 (95% CI, 0.628-0.731; P < .001), and 0.900 (95% CI, 0.856-0.945; P < .001).

Conclusion

HIF1α expression is higher in the adipose tissue, especially omental, of children with obesity than in children with normal weight. Elevated serum HIF1α level is associated with adiposity and metabolic disorder, which may predict a higher risk of obesity complications.
Endovascular Treatment of Small Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Safety and Efficacy in a Contemporary Cohort
Authors: Zandpazandi Sara , Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Porto Guilherme , Kicielinski Kimberly , Cunningham Conor , Sowlat Mohammad Mahdi , Elawady Sameh Samir , Orscelik Atakan , Lin Steven , Spiotta Alejandro
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Endovascular treatment (EVT) of small anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms accompanies a high risk of intraprocedural rupture (IR) because of anatomic location and aneurysm orientation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of EVT for small ACoA aneurysms in a contemporary cohort.

METHODS:

ACoA aneurysms treated at the Medical University of South Carolina between April 2012 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Periprocedural baseline characteristics, aneurysm size, and clinical and radiological outcomes were collected. Aneurysms were dichotomized into <4 and ≥4 mm in maximum size. The IR rate, favorable occlusion rate (Raymond-Roy I and II), and the favorable outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale 0–2 were compared.

RESULTS:

A total of 174 patients were identified, of whom 111 (63.8%) were female, and the median age was 57.7 (interquartile range 50.6-69.6) years. 98 (56.3%) aneurysms were ruptured, and 53 (30.5%) were <4 mm. IR was not observed in unruptured ACoA aneurysms, and there was no significant difference in the IR rates between <4 mm and ≥4 mm ruptured aneurysms (6.5% vs 4.5%, P = .65). Favorable occlusion rate and favorable outcome were observed in 94.7% and 78.2% of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

EVT of small ACoA aneurysms is safe and effective.
Mechanistic Studies on Oxygen-Insertion into Osmium(III)–Carbon Bond via High-Valent Oxido-Osmium(V) Complex
Authors: Sugimoto Hideki , Aoki Kurumi , Itoh Shinobu
Published: December 2023

An osmium(III)-metalacycle complex consisting of 2-phenylpyridine is converted to the 2-phenoxidopyridine-osmium(III) complex upon treatment with a tertiary amine N-oxide, where a high-valent oxido-osmium(V) complex is proposed as a key reactive intermediate (H. Sugimoto et al. Organometallics, 2021, 40, 102–106). To gain insight into the reaction mechanism, substituent effects of 2-phenylpyridine moiety on the oxygen atom insertion reaction are examined using a series of 2-(4-X-phenyl)pyridines. All the cyclometalated complexes react with the tertiary amine N-oxide to produce the phenoxido-osmium(III) complexes. Kinetic analyses are conducted on the adduct formation process and the oxygen insertion reaction. In the former process, the binding constant of the amine N-oxide to the osmium(III) center is not influenced by electron withdrawing nature of the substituent X, but decrease of the reaction rate is observed in the latter process as electron withdrawing nature of X increases. Furthermore, the electronic effects of the amine N-oxides are examined using p-substituted N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide (p-Y-C6H4N(O)(Me)2) to find that reaction rates increase as the electron withdrawing nature of Y increases. These results are consistent with the proposed mechanism in which the C–O bond formation involves conversion of the osmium(III)-N-oxide adduct to its oxido-osmium(V) species as the active oxidant.
The Effect of Eccentric or Isometric Training on Strength, Architecture, and Sprinting across an Australian Football Season
Authors: TIMMINS RYAN G. , FILOPOULOS DEAN , GIANNAKIS JAKE , NGUYEN VICTOR , RUDDY JOSHUA D. , HICKEY JACK T. , MANIAR NIRAV , POLLARD CHRISTOPHER W. , MORGAN NICHOLAS , WEAKLEY JONATHON , OPAR DAVID A.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effect of an isometric (ISO) or Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) intervention, alongside a sprint training program on hamstring strength, architecture, and sprinting performance in Australian footballers.

Methods

Twenty-five male athletes undertook NHE (n = 13) or ISO (n = 12) training across a 38-wk period (including preseason and in season). Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture, ISO, and eccentric knee flexor strength were assessed at baseline, at the end of preseason (14 wk), and at the conclusion of the intervention. Sprint times and force–velocity profiles were determined at baseline and at the end of preseason.

Results

After the intervention, both groups had significant improvements in BFlh fascicle length (NHE: 1.16 cm, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.63 cm, d = 1.88, P < 0.001; ISO: 0.82 cm, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.06 cm, d = 1.70, P < 0.001), muscle thickness (NHE: 0.11 cm, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.21 cm, d = 0.51, P = 0.032; ISO: 0.21 cm, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.32 cm, d = 0.86, P = 0.002), and eccentric strength (NHE: 83 N, 95% CI = 53 to 114 N, d = 1.79, P < 0.001; ISO: 83 N, 95% CI = 17 to 151 N, d = 1.17, P = 0.018). Both groups also finished the intervention weaker isometrically than they started (NHE: −45 N, 95% CI = −81 to −8 N, d = −1.03, P = 0.022; ISO: −80 N, 95% CI = −104 to −56 N, d = −3.35, P < 0.001). At the end of preseason, the NHE group had improved their 5-m sprint time by 3.3% ± 2.0%), and their maximum horizontal velocity was 3% ± 2.1% greater than the ISO group who saw no changes.

Conclusions

Both ISO and NHE training with a periodized sprinting program can increase BFlh fascicle length, thickness, and eccentric strength in Australian footballers. NHE training also improves 5-m sprint time and maximum velocity. However, both interventions reduced ISO strength. These findings provide unique, contextually relevant insights into the adaptations possible in semiprofessional athletes.
Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: EPA or DHA?
Authors: HEILESON JEFFERY L. , HARRIS DILLON R. , TOMEK SARA , RITZ PETER P. , ROCKWELL MICHELLE S. , BARRINGER NICHOLAS D. , FORSSE JEFFREY S. , FUNDERBURK LESLEE K.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, it is unclear if the effects are due to EPA, DHA, or both. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of EPA + DHA, EPA, and DHA compared with placebo (PL) on muscular recovery.

Methods

Thirty males were randomized to 4 g·d−1 EPA + DHA (n = 8), EPA (n = 8), DHA (n = 7), or PL (n = 7). After 7-wk supplementation, a downhill running (20 min, 70% V̇O2max, −16% gradient) plus jumping lunges (5 × 20 reps, 2-min rest intervals) muscle damage protocol was performed. Indices of muscle damage, soreness, muscle function, and inflammation were measured at baseline and throughout recovery. The omega-3 index (O3i; %EPA + %DHA in erythrocytes) was used to track tissue EPA and DHA status.

Results

After supplementation, the O3i was significantly higher than PL in all experimental groups (P < 0.001). Leg press performance was lower in the PL group at 24 h compared with EPA (P = 0.019) and at 72 h for EPA (P = 0.004) and DHA (P = 0.046). Compared with PL, muscle soreness was lower in the DHA (P = 0.015) and EPA (P = 0.027) groups at 48 h. Albeit nonsignificant, EPA + DHA tended to attenuate muscle soreness (d = 1.37) and leg strength decrements (d = 0.75) compared with PL. Jump performance and power metrics improved more rapidly in the EPA and DHA groups (time effects: P < 0.001). Measures of inflammation, range of motion, and muscle swelling were similar between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Compared with PL, 4 g·d−1 of EPA or DHA for 52 d improves certain aspects of recovery from EIMD. EPA + DHA did not clearly enhance recovery. Equivalent dosing of EPA + DHA may blunt the performance effects observed in EPA or DHA alone.
TheBacillus subtilis ywbDgene encodes RlmQ, the 23S rRNA methyltransferase forming m7G2574 in the A-site of the peptidyl transferase center
Authors: Wolff Philippe , Labar Geoffray , Lechner Antony , Van Elder Dany , Soin Romuald , Gueydan Cyril , Kruys Véronique , Droogmans Louis , Roovers Martine
Published: December 2023

Ribosomal RNA contains many posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides, particularly in the functional parts of the ribosome. The distribution of these modifications varies from one organism to another. InBacillus subtilis, the model organism for Gram-positive bacteria, mass spectrometry experiments revealed the presence of 7-methylguanosine (m7G) at position 2574 of the 23S rRNA, which lies in the A-site of the peptidyl transferase center of the large ribosomal subunit. Testing several m7G methyltransferase candidates allowed us to identify the RlmQ enzyme, encoded by theywbDopen reading frame, as the MTase responsible for this modification. The enzyme methylates free RNA and not ribosomal 50S or 70S particles, suggesting that modification occurs in the early steps of ribosome biogenesis.
The ghost in the machine: System-level bureaucracy and interorganizational coordination in public policy
Authors: Castro André Luís de
Published: December 2023

The objective is to understand how interorganizational coordination occurs in the development of information systems in tax collection and basic education policies in the state of Paraná, Brazil. This implies the analysis of the relationships established between system-level bureaucrats (SYBs) – specialists who work in the development of information systems – and other bureaucracies in the implementation of public policies. Theoretical references on bureaucracy, information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the public sector and coordination of public policies were mobilized. From a methodological point of view, it is a comparative study, analyzing two public policies: tax collection and basic education in the state of Paraná, and the mixed-capital company that develops the systems, Companhia de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação do Paraná (CELEPAR). Such policies are distinguished by the way in which the relationships between bureaucracies occur. In both, informal learning networks, mutually dependent, allow actors to create and use coping strategies that contribute to the coordination of public policy. These strategies are related to the writing of laws and public notices, the creation of unofficial information systems and resistance to change. They generally reflect beneficial contributions to public policy. The results imply demonstrating that the decision-making processes of policies are changed according to the use of ICTs, and disputes are transferred to other locus, which information systems sometimes hide, sometimes reveal.
The role of the mid-level bureaucracy in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Guimarães Flávia Alves , Souza Letícia Godinho de , Costa Bruno Lazzarotti Diniz
Published: December 2023

This article explores the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of mid-level bureaucracy. This qualitative and exploratory investigation adopted the research strategy of a case study of the bureaucracy responsible for the social assistance policy of the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in 2020. The research was conducted through bibliographic and documentary research and semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The bureaucracy’s perception of the changes in the intra-organizational dimensions of public administration caused by the pandemic was captured. It was possible to notice that the crisis affected the work system, the decisionmaking processes, the interactions with other actors, and the skills required for the performance of the functions of these government actors. The research showed that how the mid-level bureaucracy acted helps to understand the functioning of the service and the resilience of public policy in the context of crisis.
Effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation machine in managing neurological diseases - A retrospective study
Authors: Naz Farah , Hussain Danish , Ali Hussain , Raza Qasim , Siddique Farrukh
Published: December 2023

Background & Objective: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or stroke, Spinal Cord injury can lead to neurological diseases resulting in major loss in motor function causing hemiplegia or tetraplegia. In 2019, according to The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) CVA/Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined, globally. Its prevalence vary drastically among South Asian countries. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) machine on neurologically impaired patients at the Physical Therapy department at IHHN, Karachi, Pakistan.

Method: In this retrospective study data was extracted from August 2016 to February 2022 on patients with neurological symptoms i.e. hemiplegia or paraplegia with muscle power of two or less on Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). The parameters for evaluating patients progress pre and post treatment were MMT results and their mobility status. The number of sessions ranged between 40 to 100 sessions of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) provided on alternate days according to the patient’s need.

Result: Data of 51 patients who had completed their treatment were extracted and analyzed. The mean age of patients who completed treatment was 49.62 ± 17.26 years. Out of 51(100%), 30 (58.8%) were male and 21 (41.2%) were female. Pre- and post-treatment median (IQR) showed remarkable improvement in MMT of upper limb muscle (from 1.0 to 4.0) and lower limb muscle (from 2.0 to 4.0).

Conclusion: FES cycling is an effective treatment for patients with neurological impairments, as it resulted in improvement in both upper and lower limb muscle strength, along with mobility status.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.2(ICON).8966

How to cite this: Naz F, Hussain D, Ali H, Raza Q, Siddique F. Effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation machine in managing neurological diseases - A retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(2):S53-S57. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.2(ICON).8966

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Η συνομιλιακή διόρθωση στο ελληνικό νηπιαγωγείο
Authors: Μπουτζαρέλου Μαρία
Published: December 2023

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η βαθύτερη κατανόηση της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας μέσα από την εξέταση συνομιλιών μεταξύ εκπαιδευτικών και μαθητών/τριών στο νηπιαγωγείο. Προς επίτευξη αυτού του σκοπού υιοθετείται η θεωρητική και μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση της Ανάλυσης Συνομιλίας. Τα δεδομένα απαρτίζονται από συνομιλίες μεταξύ εκπαιδευτικών και μαθητών/τριών διάρκειας 28 ωρών σε δημόσια νηπιαγωγεία του νομού Αττικής. Ειδικότερα, στην παρούσα έρευνα εξετάζονται οι τύποι της αυτοδιόρθωσης των παιδιών με δεδομένο ότι το φαινόμενο αυτό δεν έχει μελετηθεί στο θεσμικό πλαίσιο του νηπιαγωγείου αλλά μόνο σε καθημερινές συνομιλίες μεταξύ γονέων και παιδιών. Ιδιαίτερα εξετάζονται οι ακόλουθες όψεις της αυτοδιόρθωσης: Από ποιον εκκινείται και ολοκληρώνεται η αυτοδιόρθωση και με ποια μέσα, η θέση της έναρξης και ολοκλήρωσης της αυτοδιόρθωσης στη συνεισφορά και στην ακολουθία συνεισφορών, οι κοινωνικές πράξεις που αυτή επιτελεί και η επίδρασή της στην πορεία της συνομιλίας. Τα ευρήματα δείχνουν ότι τα παιδιά αυτοδιορθώνονται με δική τους πρωτοβουλία, διασαφηνίζουν και εμπλουτίζουν το περιεχόμενο των συνεισφορών τους και διατηρούν τη ροή στον λόγο τους. Ακόμη, όταν η διόρθωση εκκινείται από τους/τις εκπαιδευτικούς συμβάλλει επίσης στην επίτευξη των εκάστοτε μαθησιακών στόχων. Η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζοντας στις λεπτομέρειες της συνομιλίας μεταξύ εκπαιδευτικών και παιδιών αναδεικνύει τη διόρθωση ως μία συνεργατική κοινωνική πράξη μέσω της οποίας προωθείται η αλληλοκατανόηση, η διδασκαλία και η μάθηση στο νηπιαγωγείο.
Η αξιοποίηση των drones στην εκπαίδευση στο πλαίσιο της κινητής μάθησης και STEM εκπαίδευσης
Authors: Σιβένας Τρύφων
Published: December 2023

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η διερεύνηση της αξιοποίησης των drones στη διδακτική πράξη με έμφαση στην εκπαίδευση STEM, ως προς την ευχρηστία τους, την αντίληψη της αυτό-αποτελεσματικότητας, της χωρικής παρουσίας καθώς και των συμπτωμάτων δυσφορίας κατά τη διάρκεια της χρήσης τους. Το δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 176 εκπαιδευτικοί πρωτοβάθμιας και δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, οι οποίοι ενεπλάκησαν στο σενάριο εφόσον πρώτα επιμορφώθηκαν στις τεχνολογικές και εκπαιδευτικές δυνατότητες των drones. To σενάριο διαμορφώθηκε βασιζόμενο στην Προσέγγιση Μηχανικού Σχεδιασμού (Engineering Design Process) που περιλάμβανε την επίλυση ενός προβλήματος της καθημερινότητας. Για τον λόγο αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν, δύο προ-συναρμολογημένα τετρακόπτερα drones, το εκπαιδευτικό DJI Tello drone καθώς και το DJI First-Person view drone (Avata FPV). Το σενάριο αρχικά απαιτούσε από τους εκπαιδευτικούς να πραγματοποιήσουν πτήση με το Avata FPV drone και να φορούν στο κεφάλι τους γυαλιά αναμετάδοσης καταγραφόμενου περιεχομένου (Head Mounted Displays) με σκοπό να εντοπίσουν και να συλλέξουν δεδομένα για τη βέλτιστη διαδρομή. Ακολούθως, έπρεπε να χρησιμοποιήσουν σε μια συσκευή κινητής τεχνολογίας (tablet) την εφαρμογή droneblocks για τη δημιουργία κώδικα οπτικού προγραμματισμού για το Tello drone ώστε να ολοκληρώσουν συγκεκριμένη δραστηριότητα στο σενάριο STEM. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν μέσω της Κλίμακας Ευχρηστίας Συστήματος (Systems Usability Scale), της Κλίμακας Αυτό-αποτελεσματικότητας στην Αλληλεπίδραση Ανθρώπου-Ρομπότ (Self-Efficacy in Human Robot Interaction), της Κλίμακας Χωρικής Παρουσίας (Temple Presence Inventory Spatial Presence) και τέλος της Κλίμακας που εξετάζει τη Δυσφορία (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire). Επιπρόσθετα, συλλέχθηκαν δεδομένα μέσω 39 ημι-δομημένων συνεντεύξεων και από σχόλια των εκπαιδευτικών. Τέλος, συλλέχθηκαν δεδομένα από τον κώδικα οπτικού προγραμματισμού που δημιουργήθηκε για την πτήση του Tello drone, ο οποίος ερμηνεύθηκε μέσω της SOLO ανάλυσης. Τα αποτελέσματα τόσο από τη στατιστική ανάλυση των ποσοτικών δεδομένων όσο και από τη θεματική ανάλυση των ποιοτικών δεδομένων δείχνουν πως οι εκπαιδευτικοί θεωρούν και τα δύο drones εύχρηστα στο πλαίσιο του STEM, με το Tello drone να είναι πιο αποτελεσματικό για τη διδασκαλία. Επίσης, οι εκπαιδευτικοί θεωρούν πως το Avata FPV drone τους προσφέρει μεγαλύτερη αντίληψη χωρικής παρουσίας, καθώς και ότι και τα δύο drones παρουσιάζουν χαμηλά σκορ αίσθησης δυσφορίας. Αναφορικά με την αυτό-αποτελεσματικότητα, οι εκπαιδευτικοί θεωρούν ότι έχουν τις κατάλληλες γνώσεις ώστε να χρησιμοποιήσουν τα drones στη διδασκαλία τους. Τέλος, η πλειοψηφία των εκπαιδευτικών κατάφερε να προγραμματίσει επιτυχώς το Tello drone ώστε να ολοκληρώσει το σενάριο STEM. Τα ανωτέρω ευρήματα θα μπορούσαν να αποτελέσουν τη βάση για την κατανόηση της διαδικασίας ενσωμάτωσης της εναέριας ρομποτικής και της κινητής μάθησης στο πλαίσιο του STEM στην εκπαίδευση καθώς και να εξεταστεί περαιτέρω η προστιθέμενη εκπαιδευτική αξία που έχουν στη διδασκαλία και τη μάθηση.
Αφηγήσεις και συναισθήματα σε κίνηση
Authors: Γάτου Λαμπρή-Ισμήνη
Published: December 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή διερευνά ζητήματα χωρικότητας και κινητικότητας/μη κινητικότητας στον δημόσιο χώρο, μέσα από μια διε-επιστημονική και συνθετική προσέγγιση, η οποία φέρει κοντά έννοιες και θεωρίες από τις πολιτισμικές σπουδές, τις σπουδές των μέσων, της επικοινωνίας και του ψηφιακού πολιτισμού με τα πεδία της φιλοσοφίας, της ανθρωπολογίας (του χώρου/των αισθήσεων), της θεωρίας του συναισθήματος και της μη-αναπαραστατικής θεωρίας. Μεθοδολογικά «στρέφεται» σε πρακτικές της έρευνας-δημιουργίας [research-creation] –η οποία εντοπίζεται στη διατομή μεταξύ θεωρίας, τέχνης και έρευνας– εστιάζοντας σε δημιουργικές πρακτικές σχεδιασμού περιεχομένου με τη χρήση κινητών ψηφιακών μέσων –και συγκεκριμένα των περιπατητικών τοποθεσιακών μέσων [locative media walks]. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η διατριβή διερευνά ζητήματα χωρικής εμπειρίας δεκατριών κατοίκων της πλατείας Αμερικής (Αθήνα), υποκειμένων με διαφορετικά κοινωνικά, πολιτισμικά, φυλετικά και έμφυλα χαρακτηριστικά. Τα ζητήματα αυτά προέκυψαν κατά το στάδιο της έρευνας πεδίου και προσεγγίζονται μέσα από τη μεθοδολογία αφηγήσεις σε-κίνηση –την οποία ανέπτυξα στο πλαίσιο της έρευνάς μου– καθώς και μέσα από την εμπειρία του ηχητικά-βασισμένου περιπατητικού τοποθεσιακού έργου america², που σχεδίασα και υλοποίησα με υλικό από την έρευνα πεδίου. Στη διατριβή διερευνώνται, επίσης, οι πολλαπλοί τρόποι μέσα από τους οποίους το america² δύναται να διαμεσολαβεί τις αφηγήσεις/εμπειρίες των συνομιλητριών μου, επαναφέροντάς τες στον χώρο, στον οποίο παράχθηκαν και στον οποίο αφορούν. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται στα δυνητικά πεδία που «διανοίγονται» όταν οι ιστορίες/εμπειρίες αυτές βιώνονται, εκ νέου, μέσω της τοποθεσιακής αφήγησης [locative narrative], είτε από τις αρχικές συνομιλήτριές μου, είτε από άλλα περιπατητικά υποκείμενα-χρήστες της τοποθεσιακής εφαρμογής. Το america², «ανα-συγκροτεί» όλα τα ζητήματα που η διατριβή θέτει σε θεωρητικό και επιστημολογικό επίπεδο, συνιστώντας –πέρα από ένα μεθοδολογικό και δημιουργικό «μέσο»– και ένα κριτικό «εργαλείο» ανάλυσης και ανα-στοχασμού. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, υποστηρίζεται –και προτείνονται συγκεκριμένες πρακτικές σε σχέση με αυτό– πως όταν τα περιπατητικά τοποθεσιακά μέσα υιοθετούνται στο πλαίσιο μιας έρευνας-δημιουργίας για τη διερεύνηση της βιωμένης χωρικής εμπειρίας, δύνανται να καταθιστούν ορατές μη εμφανείς πτυχές της χωρικής εμπειρίας, να παράγουν νέες –πέραν των κυρίαρχων– αφηγηματικές, αισθητηριακές και συν-αισθηματικές ροές και μετα-τοπίσεις στον χώρο, καθώς και να καθίστανται, και τα ίδια, ενδεχομενικά πεδία συν-ήχησης, συν-κίνησης και συν-άντησης εντός του χώρου αυτού.
‘Iron women’ dislodging ‘provider masculinities’: Why Connell’s framework of Hegemonic Masculinities is ‘useful but unhelpful’?
Authors: Sipungu Thoko
Published: December 2023

Since its introduction into the field of men and masculinities, Connell’s theoretical framework of hegemonic masculinities has been widely applied even in contexts outside the Western gender order for which it was originally intended. The framework has found application even in the context of IsiXhosa manhood in South Africa. In this paper, I seek to contest the wholesale applicability of this framework in rural and poverty-stricken contexts such as the Eastern Cape, South Africa and perhaps peel off this generalized application of hegemonic masculinities in contexts outside the Western gender order. I rely on newspaper reports, personal observations and anecdotes - as a resident in the Eastern Cape - about rural women who sell scrap metal by the roadside to illustrate the unhelpfulness of wholesale application of Connell’s framework in this context.  In conclusion, I advocate for ‘dominance without hegemony’ as a more suitable theoretical framework to theorize masculinities in areas with high poverty rather than Connell’s ‘hegemonic masculinities’.
The genome sequence of a cranefly, Tipula unca (Wiedemann, 1817)
Authors: Sivell Olga , Webb Judy , Mitchell Ryan , Sivell Duncan ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Tipula unca (a cranefly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tipulidae). The genome sequence is 692.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 4 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.57 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Rose Chafer, Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Grayson Andrew , Geiser Michael ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Cetonia aurata (the Rose Chafer; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae). The genome sequence is 479.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 20.85 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,621 protein coding genes.
Ansiedad, depresión, estrés y autoestima en la adolescencia. Relación, implicaciones y consecuencias en la educación privada
Authors: Bermúdez Victoria E.
Published: December 2023

La adolescencia es una etapa de turbulencias y cambios a nivel físico, socioafectivo y conductual, caracterizada por una elevada reactividad emocional al estrés y un aumento de las conductas exploratorias, lo cual favorece al desarrollo del individuo, pero de forma desmedida puede derivar en problemas psicológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y autoestima de una muestra de adolescentes estudiantes de educación privada, analizando las relaciones entre las variables y sus implicaciones sobre el rendimiento académico. Para ello, a través de una metodología no experimental de corte correlacional, se han analizado los datos de 141 alumnos/as de bachillerato. Se ha encontrado que los niveles de malestar emocional (depresión, ansiedad, estrés) están por encima de las puntuaciones normales (sujetos no clínicos), así como que existen diferencias significativas en función del sexo y relación con el rendimiento académico. Las características del tipo de centro, el alumnado, y la propia etapa evolutiva en la que se encuentran pueden explicar los resultados encontrados en el presente estudio, los cuales se describen más detalladamente en los apartados resultados y discusión. Por último, estos resultados indican la necesidad de trabajar estos aspectos en el ámbito educativo.
Educadores/as Sociales y Profesorado ante la diversidad: Estado de la cuestión sobre su formación inicial
Authors: Rebolledo Gámez Teresa
Published: December 2023

La atención a la diversidad, en los ámbitos del género, discapacidad y diversidad cultural, es una de las constantes preocupaciones de la investigación e intervención socioeducativa de nuestros días. Asimismo, la formación inicial de los/as profesionales socioeducativos proporciona los conocimientos, herramientas y actitudes necesarias para realizar una adecuada atención a la diversidad en los contextos educativos. Centrándonos en la formación inicial en relación a la diversidad del profesorado en educación primaria y educadores/as sociales, en este trabajo presentamos una revisión de las investigaciones más relevantes publicadas en principales bases de datos (ISOC, ISI y Dialnet). Se concluye que, pese a los avances en la mejora de dicha formación, las investigaciones siguen detectando una escasa formación para la atención a la diversidad del profesorado y educadores/as sociales.