bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does digital transformation benefit innovation in manufacturing firms? Empirical evidence based on data mining and textual analysis methods
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Qingli , Zhao Yulin , Gu Junjian
Published: April 2024

With the increasing spread of the digital economy and the application of digital technologies, more and more manufacturing enterprises have begun to improve the efficiency of digital transformation with the help of big data and other digital technologies to promote the high-quality development of enterprises. Through the open big data platform, manufacturing enterprises can collect data and information reflecting the needs of users in a timely manner to achieve real-time optimization of the production process and timely detection of problems to a certain extent, thereby improving the ability to research and innovation. Through the establishment of econometric models and empirical tests, we also find that the education level of managers affects the process of digital transformation and influences the impact of digital transformation on innovation.
Navigating the green future: The transformative role of big data in climate change and environmental sustainability
Authors: Qiu Kuifu
Published: April 2024

This article explores the profound impact of big data in the realm of climate change and environmental management. It delves into various aspects such as climate modeling and predictions, the assessment of climate change impacts, the role of data in policy making, ecosystem health monitoring, and strategies for sustainable resource management. Employing case studies and specific examples, the article demonstrates how big data analytics are transforming our approach to understanding and mitigating environmental challenges. It highlights the use of advanced computational techniques in modeling climate phenomena, assessing biodiversity shifts, optimizing waste management, and enhancing agricultural practices. The article underscores the significance of integrating big data into environmental strategies to facilitate informed decision-making and develop sustainable solutions.
Enhancing sports education through big data analytics: Leveraging models for improved teaching strategies
Authors: Ma Shuo
Published: April 2024

The incorporation of big data analytics into the realm of sports education marks a pioneering shift towards leveraging advanced technological tools to refine teaching methodologies and elevate student performance to unprecedented levels. This article delves into the application of data-driven models that meticulously analyze a multitude of facets within sports education, ranging from student engagement and skill acquisition to comprehensive performance assessments. Utilizing sophisticated quantitative analysis techniques alongside robust mathematical models, this research meticulously evaluates the impact of embedding big data analytics into the core practices of sports education. The essence of this investigation lies in its rigorous analysis of how data-driven insights can be harnessed to inform and enhance coaching strategies, tailor training programs to individual athlete needs, and objectively evaluate performance metrics. By systematically analyzing large datasets that encompass performance statistics, physiological data, and even psychological assessments, educators and coaches can gain a deeper understanding of each student-athlete's unique profile, thereby facilitating more personalized and effective training interventions. The findings from this study highlight the transformative potential of big data analytics in sports education, illustrating how such technological integration can lead to more scientifically informed teaching strategies, optimized training regimens, and significantly improved outcomes for student-athletes. This research not only underscores the benefits of adopting a data-centric approach in sports education but also sets the stage for future innovations that could further revolutionize the field, making it more data-informed, precise, and tailored to the needs and potential of each individual athlete. Through this exploration, it becomes evident that the future of sports education and training lies in the effective integration of big data analytics, promising a new era of enhanced performance and educational excellence.
Unlocking the potential: A comprehensive exploration of large language models in natural language processing
Authors: Xue Qing
Published: April 2024

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) with their transformative architectures and sophisticated training techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of LLMs, focusing on their architecture, training methodologies, and diverse applications. We delve into the transformer architecture, attention mechanisms, and parameter tuning strategies that underpin LLMs' capabilities. Furthermore, we explore training techniques such as self-supervised learning, transfer learning, and curriculum learning, highlighting their roles in empowering LLMs with linguistic proficiency. Additionally, we discuss the wide-ranging applications of LLMs, including text generation, sentiment analysis, and question answering, showcasing their versatility and impact across various domains. Through this comprehensive examination, we aim to elucidate the advancements and potentials of LLMs in shaping the future of natural language understanding and generation.
Investigating advanced strategies for enhancing energy density in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Qi
Published: April 2024

Lithium-ion batteries have become a versatile energy storage solution for various applications, such as portable electronics and electric vehicles, due to their numerous advantages. The increasing demand for higher energy density has prompted researchers to explore innovative strategies to improve the performance of these batteries. This study systematically investigates cutting-edge techniques aimed at enhancing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. By conducting a detailed analysis of different battery components, this study evaluates the feasibility, efficiency, and potential impact of these approaches on future battery technologies. By giving some concrete examples, such as NMA(LiNi1-x-yMnxAlyO2), LFP(LiFePO4) batteries in cathode, popular silicon-based materials in anode, novel dual conductive binder and solid electrolyte (solid electrolyte interface), some of the working principles are described and the electrochemical properties of the batteries are comparatively analysed. This research aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding and research direction for advancing the energy density capabilities of lithium-ion batteries.
Analysis of rainwater utilization technology and current situation in the roof garden
Authors: Gong Xinyu
Published: April 2024

The urban water environment has been deteriorating over the last decade due to land development and climate change, increasing the pressure on urban stormwater drainage systems. With economic development, the value of buildings has also been challenged at a higher level. Roof garden, as a new form of roof treatment, can effectively increase the urban greening area and compensate for the ecological and water environments that have been damaged by building development and utilization. This paper analyzes the advancement of roof garden by comparing it with the traditional sloped roof. The analysis finds that roof gardens can store water and control drainage, and have significant advantages in reducing rainwater discharge, reducing building water demand, and improving the urban water cycle. Roof gardens not only have the ability to utilize rainwater efficiently, but also come with a series of economic, ecological, and social benefits, such as improving the urban heat island effect, saving the amount of water demanded by buildings, and energy consumption. By analyzing domestic and international cases of roof gardens, it is verified that roof gardens are designed as a combination of utility and aesthetics.
Review on preparation technology of carbide resistant ultra-high temperature ceramic fiber
Authors: Chen Junyi
Published: April 2024

The rapid development of hyper-sonic vehicles has put forward an urgent demand for ultra-high temperature resistance ceramic fibers ceramic matrix composites. The properties of ultrahigh-temperature ceramic matrix composites made of carbon-based ultra-high temperature resistance ceramic fibers are excellent. Therefore, the preparation processes of several commonly used carbide-resistant ultrahigh-temperature ceramic fibers are described in detail. This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of five common methods (Molten-salt synthesis method, Chemical Vapor Reaction Method, Chemical Vapor Deposited method, Sol-Gel Method & Polymer-Derived method) for preparing ceramic fibers, summarizes the preparation methods that should be used in the face of different preparation requirements, and evaluates the improvement and prospect of each method. Among them, the polymer-derived method, as the most difficult and effective preparation method, has been given great hope by material scientists.
Research on the application of microbial biomass in resource utilization of agricultural product processing waste
Authors: Yang Daxiang
Published: April 2024

Microbial biomass can effectively treat waste from the agro-food industry. Urbanization and economic development have escalated, causing environmental degradation. With the development of the economy and the improvement of peoples living standards, the total amount of waste today is huge, and there are many types. Waste management challenges far exceed those of the early 20th century, requiring innovative solutions and modern environmental protection technologies. Industrial waste is costly to recycle, while animal and plant-based organic waste like potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose dominate. This article explores the utilization of microorganisms for waste treatment. Yeast biomass offers a solution to reduce waste disposal costs and generate valuable metabolites such as -glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes with wide industrial applications. Discovering new applications for yeast, fungi, and bacteria can enhance their effective use in various biotechnological fields.
Establishment of multi-pollutant emission inventory for coal-fired power plants in Guangdong province: A comprehensive approach to air quality management
Authors: Qiu Hangwai
Published: April 2024

Emissions of heavy metals from coal-fired power plants pose significant environmental and health risks. This study focuses on quantifying the point-source emissions of heavy metal elements from coal-fired power plants in Guangdong Province, a major economic region with numerous power plants. A bottom-up approach was used to calculate the emissions of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and other elements in 2018, along with scenario assumption analyses. The total emissions of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni were estimated at 2305, 7443, 7891, 298, 3039, and 7131 kg in 2018, respectively. In addition, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, due to its economic development and demand for electricity, has the highest levels of heavy metals emitted from coal-fired power plants in the region, accounting for 42.17-48.60% of the provincial emissions. Scenario simulations showed that the installation of advanced dust removal methods (e.g., LLT-ESP) significantly reduces heavy metal emissions compared to the baseline. It is crucial to continue investing in advanced dust removal technologies and enforce stricter regulations to further mitigate heavy metal emissions from coal-fired power plants.
Событийная временная перспектива будущего как адаптационный ресурс в условиях социальных кризисов
Authors: Сулим Ольга
Published: April 2024

Представленное исследование посвящено изучению пластичности событийной временной перспективы будущего российских респондентов в контексте социальных кризисов: пандемии COVID-19 и специальной военной операции на территории Украины (СВО). В ходе исследования анализировались образы будущего, полученные с помощью графической методики «Линия жизни будущего» в 2019 (N = 106), 2020 (N = 106) и 2022 (N = 95) годах. Вопреки прогнозируемым дефицитарным трансформациям временной перспективы будущего, результаты показали расширение горизонта планирования и увеличение количества антиципируемых событий в условиях пандемии COVID-19 и СВО. При этом позитивность образов будущего планомерно снижалась в трех рассматриваемых периодах. Зафиксировано значимое колебание уровня сценарности, т.е. степени ассимиляции культурного жизненного сценария (представлений о жизни типичного представителя данной культуры) в образ личного будущего. Кроме того, в условиях кризисов повысилась частота упоминания собственной смерти на линии жизни будущего, причем как в качестве негативного, так и в качестве нейтрального/позитивного события. Полученные результаты демонстрируют специфику трансформаций макроструктуры образа будущего в условиях пандемии COVID-19 и СВО и поддерживают гипотезу о потенциале использования временной перспективы будущего как адаптационного когнитивно-личностного ресурса в кризисных ситуациях.
Evaluation of Novel Plant-Based Milk Produced from Melon Kernel
Authors: Aydın Çağlar Mert
Published: April 2024

In this study, the possible use of melon kernel (Cucumis melo L.) as a source for production of daily milk alternative was evaluated. For this purpose, the study evaluated proximate composition, physicochemical properties and sensory properties of the milk from Kultik kernel. Overall, proximate composition consists of 88.84% moisture, 1.08 ash, 0.96 protein and 5.50% fat and 3.63% carbohydrate content. Low protein content of the milk limits its usage as an ingredient in the production of fermented dairy products. Physicochemical properties showed that Kultik kernel milk is rich in nutritional value. Rheological behaviour of the milk showed non-Newtonian with pseudoplastic character. Similar flow character to dairy milk enables the milk sample to be produced in existing equipment and processes, allowing large-scale industrial production. In addition, sensory scores of the milk sample were low, thus new formulas including the milk samples should be developed in further studies.
Providing public services in the context of digital transformation from the theory of the citizen-centered local governance model
Authors: Trung Phan Nhan
Published: April 2024

The article research article on the citizen-centered governance model, proposed by Anwar Shah and his colleagues, is focused on analyzing the current state of local governance in developing countries. The author emphasizes the importance of public sector reform to solve problems and "diseases" in the government apparatus. By proposing a citizen-centered governance model, Shah and his colleagues emphasize people's participation and supervision in public management. In this way, they believe that the problems of weak capacity of civil servants, centralized and rigid apparatus, monopoly in public service delivery and lack of people's participation and supervision can be minimized. Combining public service provision in a citizen-centered governance model is considered an effective approach to improve the performance and transparency of local governance. In this way, we can build a local governance system that responds more quickly and effectively to community needs, while promoting sustainable development and improving the quality of life for the people.
REFINANDO O FOCO DA SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Resende Ana Clara Almada , Resende Amanda Márcia de Lima , Resende Jane Daisy de Sousa Almada , Caldas Carolina Gatti , Carvalho Tamires de Paiva , Brito Mileide Cristinne Santos , Silva Lauren Gabriella Cunha , Santos Andreia Andrade dos
Published: April 2024

A segurança do paciente (SP) na atenção primária é um pilar fundamental para garantir a qualidade do cuidado em saúde. A implementação de práticas seguras, como comunicação eficaz e identificação precoce de riscos, pode prevenir danos e aprimorar os resultados de saúde dos pacientes. Objetivo: o objetivo deste artigo foi discutir sobre segurança do paciente no contexto da atenção primária de saúde e ampliar o conhecimento sobre este tema no Brasil. Metodologia: se trata de um estudo reflexivo sobre a temática através de levantamento literário nos portais PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF para coletar argumentos contextualizados sobre o conteúdo. Os critérios de seleção incluíram artigos que abordavam a segurança do paciente na atenção primária de saúde e os impactos da implementação ou falta dela nesse contexto. Resultado: Embora a maioria dos cuidados de saúde ocorram fora do ambiente hospitalar, as pesquisas relacionadas à SP ainda são predominantemente realizadas na assistência hospitalar. Assim, evidenciou-se a ausência de estratégias e ações neste nível de cuidado à saúde que impactam diretamente na rede de assistência sistematicamente. Conclusão: Embora a SP seja um assunto discutido em âmbito global, ainda não recebe a atenção necessária na APS. Assim, torna-se imprescindível a implentação de um Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente na APS no intuito de solucionar ausência de planejamento em saúde e promover ações que deveriam ser construídas juntamente com gestores, usuários e trabalhadores da saúde para a melhoria do clima de segurança.
COINFECÇÕES FÚNGICAS EM PACIENTES CRÍTICOS DE COVID-19: UM DESAFIO OCULTO
Authors: Ferreira Samara Barahona , Freire Nathalia Monteiro Lins , Aquino Thiago Mendonça de
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo aborda a prevalência e os mecanismos das coinfecções fúngicas em pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19. Causada pelo coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), emergiu em Wuhan, China, em dezembro de 2019, evoluindo rapidamente para uma pandemia global. Indivíduos com comorbidades, como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes e doenças pulmonares, são mais suscetíveis a infecções graves. Nesse contexto, torna-se crucial que profissionais de saúde estejam atentos às coinfecções. O vírus da COVID-19 compromete a imunidade celular, aumentando a suscetibilidade a infecções oportunistas, especialmente em pacientes hospitalizados em UTIs, submetidos a antibióticos de amplo espectro, corticosteroides e ventilação mecânica. Esta revisão tem como objetivo examinar a literatura sobre coinfecções fúngicas em pacientes com COVID-19, destacando fatores específicos de cada infecção oportunista e sua incidência. Embora o diagnóstico de coinfecções possa ser desafiador, sua identificação é fundamental para orientar intervenções clínicas adequadas. O reconhecimento dos fatores de risco associados à disseminação de coinfecções pode informar estratégias clínicas eficazes e reduzir os potenciais riscos para os pacientes.
MODELO DE DETECÇÃO DE INTRUSÃO POR BRUTE FORCE UTILIZANDO SCAPY E RASPIBERRY PI
Authors: Daniel Alexandre Gomes , Cardoso Adeilson Marques da Silva , Castro Ancelmo Frank Coelho
Published: April 2024

O artigo apresenta uma solução de baixo custo para detecção de ataques de força bruta em redes utilizando o Raspberry Pi como um sensor de rede. O artigo propõe a utilização do Raspberry Pi como um sensor de rede para monitorar o tráfego e detectar possíveis ataques de força bruta. O artigo analisa a utilização do Raspberry Pi como uma solução de baixo custo para detecção de ataques de força bruta em redes. Os resultados mostraram que a solução proposta foi eficaz na detecção de ataques, fornecendo um mecanismo de defesa importante para redes de pequeno e médio porte. Além disso, o artigo também propõe o uso de um servidor de e-mail para envio de alertas em tempo real, permitindo que os administradores de rede possam agir rapidamente para bloquear os ataques. Para realizar a análise do tráfego, o artigo utiliza a ferramenta scapy para capturar e realizar a análise dos pacotes de rede. Foram realizados testes com a ferramenta Hydra para simular ataques de força bruta em senhas de SSH. O ataque de força bruta é uma técnica utilizada por invasores para descobrir senhas adivinhando combinações até acertar a senha correta. Os resultados mostraram que o Raspberry Pi foi capaz de detectar com sucesso os ataques, gerando alertas e registrando os endereços IP dos invasores. O Raspberry Pi é um computador de placa única de baixo custo, que pode ser utilizado para diversas finalidades, incluindo a análise de tráfego de redes.
Координація монетарної та фіскальної політик у розвитку національної економіки
Authors: Коваленко В. В. , Ситник І. П. , Шелудько С. А.
Published: April 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню питань, які стосуються координації монетарної та фіскальної політик та її впливу на економічне зростання в Україні.  Метою статті є дослідження дієвості інструментів монетарної та фіскальної політик, визначення рівня впливу монетарних та фіскальних чинників на економічне зростання, а також формування напрямів підвищення ефективності координації монетарної та фіскальної політик.  При проведенні наукового дослідження використані методи аналізу, синтезу, узагальнення, розрахунково-аналітичний, графічний методи, коефіцієнтний аналіз та системний підхід. На підставі проведеного дослідження встановлено, що ключовою передумовою досягнення макроекономічної стабільності та економічного зростання в державі виступає координація монетарної та фіскальної політик. У статті доведено, що на сьогодні координація монетарної та фіскальної політик залежить від ступеня збалансованого регулювання грошового ринку, а саме урегулювання та урівноваження процентних ставок та контролю за інфляцією. Практично обґрунтовано, що вплив монетарних та фіскальних інструментів на економічне зростання в Україні відбувається за схемою:  середньозважені ставки за інструментами НБУ впивають у більшій мірі у монетарній складовій координації, система управління внутрішнім державним боргом – у фіскалений складовій. Оригінальність наукового дослідження полягає у запропонованій системі  координації монетарної і фіскальної політик, яка включає суб’єктів координації, визначення стратегічних цілей координації та необхідного інструментарію для досягнення поставлених цілей.  Цінність наукового дослідження полягає у визначенні головних чинників, які впливають на неузгодженість монетарної та фіскальної політик, нівелювання яких дозволить регуляторм досягти мети  - забезпечення фінансової стабільності. Перспективи подальших наукових досліджень повинні бути спрямовані на  вирішення питання щодо вагомого внеску монетарних органів влади у фінансуванні дефіциту державного бюджету через викуп ними ОВДП. За необхідне є посилення ролі макропруденційної політики у координації монетарної та фіскальної політик, однією із цілей якої є протистояння виникненню системної кризи. Забезпечення макроекономічної та фінансової стабільності. Зазначене неможливо без чітко виробленої стратегії координації, яка б ґрунтувалася на чітко  визначених цілях, поставлених завданнях на підставі обраних методів та інструментів їх досягнення. Тип статті – теоретико-емпіричний.
Análise e Controle Ótimo da COVID-19 no Brasil usando Modelo Epidemiológico SI Intervalar
Authors: Campos J. R. , Da S. Pena I. , N. Silva G. , Lodwick W. A.
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer cenários possíveis da evolução da pandemia ocasionada pela COVID-19 a partir da aplicação de estratégias de controle ótimo. Uma vez que os dados sobre o coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 são repletos de incerteza ou mesmo falta de informação, a modelagem matemática intervalar é viável para o estudo de modelos epidemiológicos relacionados à COVID-19. Assim, foi proposto o modelo epidemiológico SI intervalar e o problema de controle ótimo intervalar correspondente. A solução do problema de controle ótimo intervalar ilustra cenários pessimistas e otimistas para a evolução da pandemia no Brasil. Dois critérios de tomada de decisão sob incerteza foram considerados e podem auxiliar os agentes de saúde pública. Ambos os critérios levam em consideração custos associados à tomada de decisão.
Desigualdade Variacional da Equação Não-Linear Degenerada de Vibrações da Viga
Authors: Ferreira H. S. , Pereira D. C.
Published: April 2024

Estudamos neste artigo existência e unicidade de solução fraca global para uma inequação variacional não linear degenerada de vibrações da viga. Usaremos o Método de Faedo-Galerkin, operador monótono e Compacidade para provar a existência e a unicidade de soluções fracas.
An Integrated Control Model (Chemical and Biological) via Fuzzy Linear Programming for Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Santos P. N. , Peixoto M. S. , Carvalho S. M. S.
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes an integrated control model that enables the pesticide use according to the prey density and the insertion of the natural enemy, the predators, by fuzzy linear programming. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:  Noctuidae) is one of the main resistant pests of corn, which can cause damage to the productivity up to 34%. The control is strictly chemical.
Acceptance of IoT by Students in Universities of Sindh, Pakistan: A Proposed Framework
Authors: Jamali Anees Muhammad , Chandio Shahmurad , Maree Mujeeb-u-Rahman
Published: April 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a convergence of physical and virtual technologies, connecting devices through networks to enhance the overall quality of life. These technologies offer diverse interactions, featuring unique user interfaces and functionalities. Beyond its technological prowess, IoT presents contemporary methodologies and tools, catering to both modern and traditional learning approaches. While IoT components have received considerable attention, there exists a notable gap in exploring factors influencing students' receptiveness to these services. This research centers on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT 2), a widely acknowledged framework for assessing user willingness to adopt new technologies. The primary objective of our pilot study is to establish a conceptual framework based on UTAUT 2 and assess its reliability and validity. This framework sets the stage for future investigations into IoT acceptance among higher education students in Pakistan. To achieve this, an online pilot research questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms to students across various institutions, including the University of Karachi, University of Sindh Jamshoro, University of Sufism and Modern Sciences Bhitshah, Government College University Hyderabad, and SALU Khairpur. Fifty participants completed the questionnaire, and the ensuing data attests to the questionnaire's high reliability (ranging from .795 to .961), affirming its suitability for broader surveys.
Anticorruption by Fiat: Structural Injunctions and Public Interest Litigation in the Supreme Court of India
Authors: Chandrachud Chintan
Published: April 2024

Structural injunctions – where the court issues a series of interim orders over a period of time in an effort to stimulate institutional reform – are about as old in India as public interest litigation (PIL) itself. They are now virtually the default remedy in PILs at the Supreme Court. This article focuses on how structural injunctions were deployed in two politically salient cases during the United Progressive Alliance government between 2004 and 2014 – the “2G Spectrum” case and the “Coalgate” case. A close examination of these cases reveals a broader picture not just about the state of PIL and the use of structural injunctions, but also about the perception and popular legitimacy of the Supreme Court in India’s constitutional democracy.
Battered Women: The Gendered Notion of Defences Available
Authors: Medarametla Keerthana
Published: April 2024

Battered Women Syndrome is a psychological theory propounded by Dr. Lenore Walker that explains why battered women who are compelled to kill their partners continued to stay in the relationship in the first place. While focusing on the evolution of the Battered Women Syndrome in other countries, especially United Kingdom; this paper studies the interpretation of the corresponding ‘Nallathangal Syndrome’ as applied in the Indian context. However, the legal recognition of the Battered Women Syndrome is at its nascent stage in India. While a lot is written in India about the shortcomings of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 there is little or no focus on battered women who retaliate. Even the official statistics relating to crimes in India do not account for it. The only available legal framework for them is the gendered Indian Penal Code and the defences available therein. This paper explores the defences available to battered women compelled to cause the death of their partners in self-preservation. It will study the essentials of self-defence, provocation and diminished responsibility/insanity to explain how battered women are excluded from the criminal justice system. It will also study the application of the Battered Women Syndrome theory within the existing essentials of the abovementioned defences. It will conclude with suitable policies to keep in mind while dealing with battered women to bridge the gap between the criminal justice system and battered women.
Mothers Who Donate and Mothers Who Sell- False Dichotomies in the Regulation of Living Organ Transplantation
Authors: Dadiya Jinal
Published: April 2024

Statistics suggest that a disproportionate number of all living organ donors in the world are women. Similarly, sociological accounts of the black market for human organs indicate that many more women sell their organs for money than men. An analysis of both these trends demonstrates that the reasons which persuade women to give away their bodily organs are similar, regardless of whether their organs are sold or donated. Indian law, however, categorizes these similar experiences into two distinct categories. In this respect, the law appears to be going against the natural grain of society. In this paper, I use a systems theory perspective to analyze this apparent incompatibility between law and society. I argue that the legal system communicates in a code that is not perfectly translatable to social codes; and highlight this as a possible reason for the law’s failure to prevent commercial trade in human organs. Considering this, I argue in favour of legal interventions to correct the commodification of the female body in the larger social sphere, and for a need to reorient the Indian regulatory approach towards living organ transplantation.
Feminist Reflections on Labour: The 'Ethics of Care' Within Maternity Laws in India
Authors: Sridhar Ira Chadha , Myer Geetika
Published: April 2024

The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 has recently been passed by the Parliament of India. While this Act is a progressive step for women, there is a need to question the theoretical foundations of the law, rather than merely its consequential ramifications. Through this paper, we attempt to critique the individual rights-justice model that is integral to conceptualising maternity laws and labour laws in India. We employ a critical feminist lens to argue that such a model reproduces the public-private dichotomy and devalues the work of care within the private sphere- suggesting that it is not “transformative” labour, but “merely reproductive”. We draw from the feminist philosophy of care to argue that child-rearing must be recognised by the State as a form of labour in itself. Further, we root these theoretical suggestions in the contemporary Indian context by providing certain tangible suggestions in terms of legislative and judicial changes that would further the responsibility-care approach to the issue of maternity in the Indian legal framework. Through this paper, we argue for broadening the scope of “labour” to include the work of care-thereby creating a space for care, relationships and connectedness within the law.
Reconceptualising Rape in Law Reform
Authors: Chaudhary Shraddha
Published: April 2024

While rape is a predominantly female social experience, the offence of rape continues to be viewed and defined in law from the male social perspective. Since penetration is central to the male idea of sex, it is also the focus of the offence of rape, regardless of its disconnect with female sexuality, desire, or violation. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, though progressive in many ways, is also steadfast in its adherence to the penetration paradigm. In this paper, I argue that rape should be viewed as a violation of sexual autonomy and bodily integrity, rather than an act of penetration, and the legal definition of the offence ought to be expanded accordingly. This would facilitate a more wholesome, gender-just approach to the crime.
Efektivitas Implementasi Kebijakan Pengambilan Keputusan Kebijakan Subsidi Pupuk Di Desa Tumpakpelem Kecamatan Sawoo Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Wahyu Priandanata  , Danni Andreas  , Adam Jamal
Published: April 2024

Ponorogo Regency is an area that is mostly dominated by mountains with the majority of the population making their living as farmers. So fertilizer is one of the important components used by farmers to support the farming period, which contains one or more nutrients or nutrients for plants to support plant growth and development. One of the policies in fertilizer procurement is fertilizer subsidies. Minister of Agriculture Regulation number 10 of 2022 concerning procedures for determining the allocation and highest retail price for subsidized fertilizers in the agricultural sector, which at the implementation stage still faces many problems. From the results of survey research with data collection using the direct interview method with the aim of describing the procedures for implementing the subsidized fertilizer program through the Tani Card and assessing the effectiveness of the subsidized fertilizer policy for farmers. It shows that this policy has so far been felt to be ineffective, giving rise to farmers' dissatisfaction with the subsidized fertilizer that has been provided, resulting in an impact on the quality and low yields of the harvest. Policy revisions and tighter supervision are needed to ensure that the fertilizer subsidy program can run effectively and on target to support national food security.
Effects of Thiazolidinone Derivatives Against Buprenorphine-Induced Painful Hypersensitivity in Mice
Authors: Riaz Madeeha , Abbas Muzaffar , Khan Arif-ullah , Nadeem Humaira
Published: April 2024

Opioids have been used to treat acute and chronic pain for millennia. It is studied that prolonged use of opioids may result in neuroinflammation and increased pain sensation associated with allodynia, hyperalgesia and increased interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) expression in spinal cord. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of thiazolidinone derivatives against buprenorphine-induced increased pain sensitivity and IL-1 β expression in mice. The albino mice were injected subcutaneously buprenorphine twice daily for two weeks. Thiazolidinone derivatives were injected 30 minutes before buprenorphine injection. Thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and tail flick tests performed on day 0, 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16. Mice were sacrificed immediately after behavioral testing and ELISA was performed to measure IL-1β expression in spinal cord. We found that thiazolidinone derivatives reduced latency time during hot plate and tail flick test and increased paw withdrawal threshold as compared to control. Moreover, thiazolidinone derivatives reduced IL-1β expression in spinal cord. Thiazolidinone derivatives might be useful for the management of increased pain sensitivity and neuroinflammation associated with buprenorphine administration.
Differential Viral Load Indicates HDV Influences HBV Replication in HBV/HDV Coinfected Patients
Authors: Khan Saeed , Ur Rehman Najeeb , Lail Amanullah , Aftab Seema
Published: April 2024

Viral Hepatitis causing approximately 1.4 million deaths every year. HBV is a partially double stranded DNA virus and belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae. HDV is a sub satellite virus which infects patients that are already infected by HBV because it depends on HBV surface antigen for its replication. HDV causes super infection with different complexities as compared to sole HBV infection.To compare viral load of HBV and HDV to check possible influence on each others replication.A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 907 samples. HBV DNA was detected and quantified by Abbott HBV Quantification kit and HDV RNA was detected and amplified by RoboGene®. Screening of HDV RNA and HBV DNA by PCR and results were analyzed using SPSS. Out of  907 patients, 33% were HBV/HDV co-infected, 35%  were HBV, 18% were infected with HDV & 14% were HBV/HDV negative.Out of these, 75.7% were males and 24.3% were females. The patients were divided into three age groups: 5-20 years, 21-40 years & 41-80 years. Overall levels of HBV DNA PCR < 1000 IU/ml was found in 74% HBV/HDV co-infected patients as compared to 30.8% HBV mono infected. This study indicates that the absence or the low viral load of HBV in HDV positive patients might be due to possible subdue of HBV by HDV in HBV/HDV co-infected patients.Age group of 20-40 years and male gender is comparatively at high risk for these viral infections.
Pain and Inflammation Profile of a Degenerated Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Ekram Sobia , Rajput Shafiqa Naeem , Khalid Shumaila , Ramzan Faiza , Salim Asmat , Khan Irfan
Published: April 2024

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is characterised by progressive intervertebral disc (IVD) inflammation that ultimately causes lower back pain. The available therapeutic approach for DDD is the management of pain and spinal infusion. In the present investigation, the rat needle punctured disc degeneration model was established under a fluoroscopically guided system, followed by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) transplantation. The IVD degeneration was examined and confirmed by radiography, histology, and pain and inflammatory marker evaluation. A rat tail disc degeneration model was developed with three successive coccyx IVDs. The needle was inserted into the IVD under fluoroscopic guidance, and its tip was inserted through the lateral annulus fibrosus into the nucleus pulposus (NP) region, twisted 360o twice, and held for 30 seconds. To assess the IVD height from radiography images 2 weeks after disc puncture and MSC transplantation to evaluate the degree of IVD degeneration and regeneration, The pain and inflammatory molecular markers were quantified using qPCR. To assess the severity of IVD degeneration and regeneration, histology was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and alcian blue staining. MSCs were successfully isolated from human umbilical cord tissue and exhibited fibroblast-like morphology. Radiographic imaging and histological analyses showed significant IVD degeneration after 2 weeks of injury, and the hUC-MSC group exhibited the restored NP region and significant presence of proteoglycans in contrast to the degenerated group. When compared to healthy IVDs, the molecular expression of pain and inflammatory genes was significantly increased on days 2 and 5, resulting in an immunomodulatory response and a marked IVD degeneration. Conversely, the hUC-MSC group at 2 and 5 days showed significantly downregulated expression of C-JUN, C-FOS, AKT, OPG, RANK, TLR4, and IL-1β compared to the degenerated IVDD group. Moreover, the hUC-MSCs-treated group indicated significant NP hydration. The preclinical transplantation of hUC-MSCs can potentially reduce the pain and inflammation caused by disc degeneration. Therefore, the therapy can ideally deal with all the manifestations that occur due to such debilitating DDD.
Variant Analysis of FOXE1 Gene in Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Patients of Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Mannan Sara , Bazai Fariya Khan , Ahmad Jamil , Khan Ishaq N , Huma Zilli , Obaidullah
Published: April 2024

One of the most common structural birth defects is the cleft lip and palate, having an incidence rate of 1:700 live births worldwide. It can be isolated cleft lip, isolated cleft palate or a combination of both cleft lip and palate. The orofacial cleft can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors or through an interaction between these factors. The gene Fork-head Box protein E1 (FOXE1) has been documented to be involved with cleft lip and palate. The present study aims to screen mutations in FOXE1 and to correlate phenotype and genotype of affected individuals. After obtaining ethical approval, peripheral blood samples were collected from 100 affected individuals, irrespective of age and gender. The genomic DNA was extracted, followed by quality control through spectrophotometer and gel electrophoresis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to perform the targeted Sanger sequencing of FOXE1 gene. A point mutation (c.274C>T, rs3021526) in FOXE1 gene was detected in 15 samples. Based on phenotype, males and isolated cleft palate type was commonly involved,with  bilateral occurrence, and moderate cases were frequently seen among the enrolled patients. In this study, a missense substitution was observed in gene FOXE1. This study provides a foundation for genetic counseling for families at risk and offer valuable insights for prevention and management plans.
Association of Fat, Mass and Obesity (FTO) Gene Polymorphism with Diabetes and Prediabetes in Pakistani Population
Authors: Yusuf Noaman , Iqbal Waleed , Bashir Afsheen , Khan Imran , Zakria Muhammad , Hussain Munir , Malik Arshad
Published: April 2024

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have become the most prevalent public health issue around the world. The etiology of obesity and T2DM is multifactorial; with genes like Fat, Mass and Obesity-associated or FTO gene add to the complexity of the disease and diagnosis. Pakistan has recently been reported the highest prevalence of T2DM in the world. Since Pakistanis have a unique genetic disposition to T2DM due to the influence of genetic variations like rs9939609 in the FTO gene, as it is likely to be quantifiably different against the global genetic backdrop. A total of 300 participants were enrolled in this study, belonging to Dera Ismail Khan and Peshawar districts. Blood samples were collected from the enrolled patients following ethical approval and informed consent. HbA1c was used as a criterion for classifying non-diabetic controls, prediabetic, and diabetic patients. Patients’ anthropometric and demographic variables were recorded. Blood samples were subjected to both clinical chemistry and genetic analysis. Biochemically, samples were tested for HbA1c and lipid profile, whereas rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was assayed through direct sequencing. Demographic data showed that age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in pre-diabetic and diabetic groups compared to the non-diabetic one. There was also statistically significant difference among the three groups in terms of their lipid profile parameters. Frequency of FTO-rs9939609 genotype distribution, however, was not significantly different in the three groups but patients with AA genotypes are 1.34 and 1.59 times more likely to develeop prediabetes and diabetes as compared to patients with TT genotypes. Lack of statistical association with FTO-rs9939609 SNP notwithstanding, our data reinforced the link between dyslipidemia, obesity and glycemic index.
Study of Human Microglia Phenotypes via an In Vivo Neuroimmune Organoid Model
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: April 2024

Microglia are specialized brain-resident macrophages that play crucial roles in brain development, homeostasis, and disease. However, until now, the ability to model interactions between the human brain environment and microglia has been severely limited. To overcome these limitations, Schafer and colleagues developed an in vivo xenotransplantation approach that allows us to study functionally mature human microglia (hMGs) that operate within a physiologically relevant, vascularized immunocompetent human brain organoid (iHBO) model. Developing an in vivo neuroimmune organoid model to study human microglia phenotypes would involve creating a three-dimensional structure that mimics the complexity of the human brain and immune system. Such a model could provide a valuable tool to investigate the behavior and function of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, in a more physiologically relevant context. Data from Schafer and colleagues show that organoid-resident hMGs gain human-specific transcriptomic signatures that closely resemble their in vivo counterparts. In vivo two-photon imaging reveals that hMGs actively engage in surveilling the human brain environment, react to local injuries, and respond to systemic inflammatory cues. Finally, they demonstrate that the transplanted iHBOs developed here offer the unprecedented opportunity to study functional human microglia phenotypes in health and disease and provide experimental evidence for a brain-environment-induced immune response in a patient-specific model of autism with macrocephaly. Cell. 2023 May 11;186(10):2111-2126.e20.  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.022.
Pharmacogenomics of 5-Fluorouracil in Oesophageal Carcinoma: Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Efficacy & Adverse Effects
Authors: Ali Amanat , Raza Syed Irfan , Bader Zarafshan , Shah Syed Furqan Ali
Published: April 2024

Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is a highly fatal cancer. The usual therapy for localized squamous cell carcinoma has traditionally been surgically removing the tumor from its main location. However, recent clinical advancements have led to the development of new therapeutic options. The available choices encompass chemotherapy which involves continuous administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, and simultaneous radiation treatment. To enhance clinical outcomes, future advancements would have to improve the integration of new anticancer medications, the administration of cisplatin,  or 5-FU, guided by pharmacokinetics, and the identification of potential responders through genetic profiling of patients before treatment initiation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the information about the genetic variation in ABCB1, ERCC!, TYMS, XPD, and DYPD genes that most likely contribute to the pharmacokinetic or genotype-guided administration of 5-FUfor the treatment of oesophageal cancer. The review aims to facilitate personalized treatment strategies for this condition in the future.
Editor's Summaries of the Articles Published in This Issue of Molecular Medicine Communications
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: April 2024

In this issue, Amanat and colleagues reviewed the pharmacogenomics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in oesophageal carcinoma chemotherapy, Khan and colleagues investigated predominant genotypes and viral load of HIV and HCV in Karachi, Pakistan, Waseem, and colleagues used a hybrid approach of molecular docking studies and virtual screening to test compounds from ‘Zinc database library’ that may be effective against Alzheimer’s disease, Zubair and colleagues investigated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1544410 G>A) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene with postmenopausal women who have osteoporosis in a Pakistani cohort, and Naudhani, and colleagues reported two Pakistani families with symptoms of diabetes, hyperphagia, seizures, and obesity, and containing interesting genetic polymorphisms.