bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of spatial gene expression by Polycomb-mediated repression after formation of a vertebrate body plan
Authors: Rougeot Julien , Chrispijn Naomi D. , Aben Marco , Elurbe Dei M. , Andralojc Karolina M. , Murphy Patrick J. , Jansen Pascal W. T. C. , Vermeulen Michiel , Cairns Bradley R. , Kamminga Leonie M.
Published: September 2019

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that are important regulators of cell fate during embryonic development. Among them, Ezh2 is responsible for catalyzing the epigenetic repressive mark H3K27me3 and is essential for animal development. The ability of zebrafish embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic ezh2 to form a normal body plan provides a unique model for comprehensively studying Ezh2 function during early development in vertebrates. By using a multi-omics approach, we found that Ezh2 is required for the deposition of H3K27me3 and is essential for proper recruitment of Polycomb group protein Rnf2. However, despite the complete absence of PcG-associated epigenetic mark and proteins, only minor changes in H3K4me3 deposition and gene and protein expression occur. These changes were mainly due to local dysregulation of transcription factors outside their normal expression boundaries. Altogether, our results in zebrafish show that Polycomb-mediated gene repression is important immediately after the body plan is formed to maintain spatially restricted expression profiles of transcription factors, and we highlight the differences that exist in the timing of PcG protein action between vertebrate species.
Ubiquitin-based modifications in endothelial cell–cell contact and inflammation
Authors: Majolée Jisca , Kovačević Igor , Hordijk Peter L.
Published: September 2019

Endothelial cell–cell contacts are essential for vascular integrity and physiology, protecting tissues and organs from edema and uncontrolled invasion of inflammatory cells. The vascular endothelial barrier is dynamic, but its integrity is preserved through a tight control at different levels. Inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, such as histamine, reduce endothelial integrity and increase vascular leakage. This is due to elevated myosin-based contractility, in conjunction with phosphorylation of proteins at cell–cell contacts. Conversely, reducing contractility stabilizes or even increases endothelial junctional integrity. Rho GTPases are key regulators of such cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell–cell contacts. In addition to signaling-induced regulation, the expression of junctional proteins, such as occludin, claudins and vascular endothelial cadherin, also controls endothelial barrier function. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to protein phosphorylation, ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) is an important and dynamic post-translational modification that regulates Rho GTPases, junctional proteins and, consequently, endothelial barrier function. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation events in endothelial integrity and inflammation. The picture that emerges is one of increasing complexity, which is both fascinating and promising given the clinical relevance of vascular integrity in the control of inflammation, and of tissue and organ damage.
Early feeding of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with methionine deficient diet over a two-week period: consequences for liver mitochondria in juveniles
Authors: Séité Sarah , Masagounder Karthik , Heraud Cécile , Véron Vincent , Marandel Lucie , Panserat Stéphane , Seiliez Iban
Published: September 2019

Methionine is a key factor in modulating the cellular availability of the main biological methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is required for all biological methylation reactions including DNA and histone methylation. As such, it represents a potential critical factor in nutritional programming. Here, we investigated whether early methionine restriction at first feeding could have long-term programmed metabolic consequences in rainbow trout. For this purpose, trout fry were fed with either a control diet (C) or a methionine deficient diet (MD) for 2 weeks from the first exogenous feeding. Next, fish were subjected to a 5-month growth trial with a standard diet followed by a 2-week challenge (with the MD diet or C diet) to test the programming effect of the early methionine restriction. The obtained results showed that, whatever the dietary treatment of fry, the 2-week challenge with the MD diet led to a general mitochondrial defect associated with an increase in ER stress, mitophagy and apoptosis, highlighting the existence of complex crosstalk between these different functions. Moreover, for the first time, we also observed that fish fed the MD diet at the first meal later exhibited an increase in several critical factors of mitophagy, hinting that the early nutritional stimulus with methionine deficiency resulted in long-term programming of this cell function. Together, these data extend our understanding of the role of dietary methionine and emphasize the potential for this amino acid in the application of new feeding strategies, such as nutritional programming, to optimize the nutrition and health of farmed fish.
The Health Benefits of Exercise in Overweight and Obese Patients
Authors: Garber Carol Ewing
Published: September 2019

More than 30% of U.S. adults are obese or overweight. A program of regular physical activity is recommended as part of an effective lifestyle intervention for weight loss and weight management. However, more than 40% of adults do not engage in sufficient physical activity to realize these beneficial effects on body weight. Physicians may encounter many barriers to counseling physical activity, such as lack of knowledge or self-efficacy for counseling patients about physical activity. Obese individuals may be reluctant to exercise because of weight stigma, physique anxiety, and other factors; therefore, referral to a weight management specialist or clinical exercise physiologist can be helpful in facilitating exercise and assisting in achieving a clinically meaningful weight loss. Exercise has many benefits on physical and mental health and well-being that go well beyond weight loss, and it is for these reasons that exercise is particularly important for overweight and obese individuals.
Sleep Deprivation and Its Contribution to Mood and Performance Deterioration in College Athletes
Authors: Bolin Delmas J.
Published: September 2019

Sleep deprivation is very common among collegiate student athletes, resulting in impacts on mood, physiology, and performance. There are multifactorial contributions to sleep deprivation, but resulting alterations in sleep architecture explain impacts on learning, vigilance, mood, and athletic performance. Recognition of the physical impacts is key. Clinical inquiry is warranted. Medication can be helpful short term but should be used with caution due to effects on sleep cycle and the potential for addiction. Education is an effective intervention to increase sleep time, improve mood, and improve long-term sleep habits. Sleep extension, particularly in the setting of chronic partial sleep deprivation improves mood, vigilance, and athletic performance in the college setting.
Elevated glycine detected on in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a breast cancer patient: case report and literature review
Authors: Bitencourt Almir G.V. , Pinker Katja , Thakur Sunitha
Published: September 2019

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a promising non-invasive diagnostic method that can detect and quantify endogenous tissue metabolites. High glycine levels obtained from ex vivo breast MRS have been associated with poor prognosis; however, glycine evaluation has not been reported regarding in vivo MRS. We report our finding in a breast cancer patient in whom pre-treatment but not post-treatment in vivo MRS showed elevated glycine and discuss the implications of this finding.
JUVENTUDES FLEXÍVEIS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA: incertezas do século XXI
Authors: Ribeiro Adalberto Carvalho
Published: September 2019

O objetivo é fazer reflexões sobre as juventudes e os fenômenos presentes no século XXI destacando no quadro empírico percepções de juventudes universitárias populares da Amazônia setentrional brasileira. A categoria juventudes tem sido de difícil enquadramento analítico mas a literatura aceita que processos de individualização estariam em curso desde a viragem do século XX. As questões de partida são: O que a literatura vem apontando quantos aos fenômenos do século XXI que atingem as juventudes? Quais as percepções de juventudes universitárias populares sobre questões específicas que podem lhes afligir? A abordagem metodológica além da consulta aos interlocutores especialistas nesse campo do saber também realizou pesquisa empírica com estudantes de licenciaturas de uma universidade federal da região norte do Brasil, razão pela qual estão sendo denominados de “juventudes populares”. Os resultados apontam, na literatura, consenso quanto a processos de individualização, preocupação com a dimensão social e no grupo estudado percepções para a aceitação do individualismo, competitividade, incertezas quanto ao futuro e vulnerabilidade social.
Performance Evaluation of Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Iraq
Authors: Ali Hussain Mohammed , Zageer Dheaa , Alwash Atheel H.
Published: September 2019

The presence of natural or non-natural pollutants in water resulting from human activity such as the introduction of harmful agricultural and industrial pollutants into rivers that could be the main reason in forming trihalomethane compounds after chlorination step in drinking water production plants. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to assess the efficiency of traditional drinking water treatment plants in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants (chemical and physical parameters). The Al-Hussein city water project as a traditional water treatment plant in Karbala governorate was taken with a capacity of 8000 m3/ has a model for this study. The physical and chemical properties of traditional plant was measured such as (Turbidity, Temperature, pH, Electric conductivity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Aluminum, Sulphate, Total dissolved salts) was taken from four units in the plant (quick mixing unit, sedimentation unit, filtration unit and disinfection unit). The average chemical and physical properties for both raw and drinking water were calculated for eight months during 2017-2018. The average removal percentage of turbidity was 60.7%. However, the values of the other tests ranged from 5 to -0.94%. In order to evaluate the presence of the organic substances in the plant. The samples for raw and drinking water were withdrawn in the winter and spring season from four units of the plant. The traditional plant show the removal efficiency of organic materials was 82% in the winter and 52% was in the spring season. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties were not significantly affected during the treatment process and their values were within the limits of the standard of drinking water. The traditional drinking water treatment plant considers unstable plant for the removal of organic compounds in the winter and spring with the possibility of forming chlorinated organic compounds. Therefore, there was the need to use additional treatment techniques to meet the challenges of new pollutants.
‘Intervening early’: agendas and rationalisations for children’s developmental health
Authors: Cressman Celine , Miller Fiona A. , Guttmann Astrid , Cairney John , Hayeems Robin
Published: September 2019

Background:

Despite broad scientific consensus about the importance of the early years in the lifelong health and wellbeing of children, there is debate about whether and how healthcare professionals can optimise early child development through monitoring or screening. The evidence in support of a systematic population-level intervention is disputed, which is reflected in the diversity of approaches to developmental screening internationally.

Methods:

Using a case-study design, and interpretive qualitative methods, we explored how Canadian experts in child health (n=39): a) rationalise why they do, or would, pursue population-level developmental screening; b) articulate the policy goals of such an intervention, and; c) justify the practice with reference to evidence.

Findings:

Respondents identified three distinct framings, or policy agendas, for what developmental screening can and should seek to achieve, specifically: 1) as medical intervention, facilitating the early identification of health risk or disorder; 2) as social intervention, providing an opportunity for communication and connection with parents for all children; and 3) as political intervention, staking a claim for early child health on the broader political agenda.

Discussion and conclusions:

Each agenda is justified by distinct types of evidence, posing a challenge to simplistic models of evidence-based policymaking, and demonstrating that evidence is not just an input, but a contested part of a dynamic and political policymaking process.
Modelling of Multi Inductor based Balancing of Battery Pack for Electrical Mobility
Authors: Vardhan Rigvendra Kumar , Selvathai T. , Reginald Rajaseeli , Sivakumar P.
Published: September 2019

The pre requisite for success of electrical mobility is driven by development of battery technologies. Reliable performance of electrical mobility necessitates for high energy density battery packs. The advent of Li ion cell chemistry revolutionised the electric and hybrid vehicle advancement due to its high energy density, lighter weight and wide range of temperature performance. Higher operating voltages of the battery are achieved by configuration of the cells in series and parallel combinations. The performance of these battery packs are affected by operating temperature and imperfections in manufacturability which causes mismatches in cell impedance, cell potential and state of charge (SOC) imbalance. These performance issues are overcome by cell and battery balancing techniques. In this paper, a dynamic battery pack balancing circuit by using multi inductor with SOC based logic controller for both cell and battery balancing are presented. The battery pack balancing performances during static, charging, discharging conditions are analysed.
Öffentliches Wohnzimmer und City Lounge: Die neue Stadtbibliothek Innsbruck
Authors: Krenmayr Christina
Published: September 2019

Es wird gelacht, geplaudert, gelesen und gespielt: Wer die neue Stadtbibliothek in Innsbruck betritt, bemerkt sofort, dass dies ein Ort zum Wohlfühlen ist, ein Wohnzimmer für die ganze Stadt. Dieser Aspekt stand bei der Planung im Mittelpunkt. Die Gestaltung der Bibliothek sollte einerseits einen sehr niederschwelligen Zugang zur Bibliothek ermöglichen, andererseits aber auch hohe Aufenthaltsqualität liefern. Deshalb wurde verstärkt auf natürliche Materialien gesetzt, ohne aber auf ein modernes Design zu verzichten. Wichtig war, trotz der Größe des Raums eine zonierte und gemütliche Bibliothek zu gestalten.
In Quest of Institutional Interpretation of TFP Change—The Case of China
Authors: Wu Harry X.
Published: September 2019

This research note reiterates the productivity theory in the Solow growth accounting framework to explore an institutional interpretation of changes in total factor productivity. In theory, total factor productivity or TFP growth is a costless gain in output, which captures the effect of positive externalities caused by spillovers of technological and organizational changes in a perfect market system. This provides a yardstick to gauge institutional effect on output in an imperfect market system if all inputs are properly measured. Using the Chinese case, I show that an integrated approach a la Jorgenson and Griliches (1967. “The Explanation of Productivity Change.” Review of Economic Studies 34 (3): 249–283) that ensures a consistency between theory, methodology and measurement can facilitate empirical exercises even with data problems, and a so-constructed TFP index for China can satisfactorily reproduce China’s post-reform productivity path with institutional interpretations.
“Drug-likeness” properties of natural compounds
Authors: Ntie-Kang Fidele , Nyongbela Kennedy D. , Ayimele Godfred A. , Shekfeh Suhaib
Published: September 2019

Our previous work was focused on the fundamental physical and chemical concepts behind “drug-likeness” and “natural product (NP)-likeness”. Herein, we discuss further details on the concepts of “drug-likeness”, “lead-likeness” and “NP-likeness”. The discussion will first focus on NPs as drugs, then a discussion of previous studies in which the complexities of the scaffolds and chemical space of naturally occurring compounds have been compared with synthetic, semisynthetic compounds and the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. This is followed by guiding principles for designing “drug-like” natural product libraries for lead compound discovery purposes. In addition, we present a tool for measuring “NP-likeness” of compounds and a brief presentation of machine-learning approaches. A binary quantitative structure–activity relationship for classifying drugs from nondrugs and natural compounds from nonnatural ones is also described. While the studies add to the plethora of recently published works on the “drug-likeness” of NPs, it no doubt increases our understanding of the physicochemical properties that make NPs fall within the ranges associated with “drug-like” molecules.
Acute Effect of Eccentric Overload Exercises on Change of Direction Performance and Lower-Limb Muscle Contractile Function
Authors: Beato Marco , Madruga-Parera Marc , Piqueras-Sanchiz Francisco , Moreno-Pérez Victor , Romero-Rodriguez Daniel
Published: September 2019

Beato, M, Madruga-Parera, M, Piqueras-Sanchiz, F, Moreno-Pérez, V, and Romero-Rodriguez, D. Acute effect of eccentric overload exercises on change of direction performance and lower-limb muscle contractile function. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3327–3333, 2021—This study aimed to evaluate the postactivation potentiation (PAP) effects following eccentric overload (EOL) exercises on change of direction (COD) performance and muscle contractile function. Thirty-one male soccer players (age 21 ± 4 years; body mass 77.0 ± 5.2 kg) were involved in a cross-sectional study. Dominant-leg (COD-5mD) and non-dominant-leg (COD-5mND) shuttle tests were performed 4 minutes after the EOL exercises. Muscle contractile function was assessed by tensiomyography (TMG) such as muscle contraction time (Tc), time delay (Td) and displacement of the muscle belly (Dm) of vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF). Eccentric overload exercises were: (a) cross-cutting step with inertial conical pulley (INC = 11 subjects), (b) flywheel leg extension (EXT = 10 subjects), and flywheel yo-yo squat exercise (SQU = 10 subjects). Differences baseline-post were found on COD-5mD (p < 0.001) and on COD-5mND (p < 0.001), but not between groups (p > 0.05) following EOL exercises. Differences from baseline were found in VL Td (p < 0.001), VM Td (p = 0.003), RF Tc (p < 0.001), and RF Td (p < 0.001) with no significant differences between the EOL exercises. This study reported a significant positive PAP response on COD-5mD and COD-5mND after 4 minutes of recovery after EOL exercises (INC, EXT and SQU) in soccer players. For the first time, it has been reported that EOL exercises acutely affect TMG variables (e.g., Tc and Td) in lower limbs. Such results related to changes in muscular contractile functions may contribute to explain the physiological mechanisms (e.g., neuromuscular factors) associated with PAP effect.
A Single Session of Straight Line and Change-of-Direction Sprinting per Week Does Not Lead to Different Fitness Improvements in Elite Young Soccer Players
Authors: Beato Marco , Bianchi Mattia , Coratella Giuseppe , Merlini Michele , Drust Barry
Published: September 2019

Beato, M, Bianchi, M, Coratella, G, Merlini, M, and Drust, B. A single session of straight line and change-of-direction sprinting per week does not lead to different fitness improvements in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 518–524, 2022—Effective prescription is especially important in elite soccer players, who have a very limited time to dedicate to specific physical development as a consequence of factors such as congested match schedules and travel. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of one repeated-sprint training (RST) session per week over an 8-week period on physical performance. A second aim was to compare the effect of RST involving straight sprints (RST-SS) or changes of direction (RST-COD). This study used a randomized pre-post parallel group trial design. The elite soccer players were randomly assigned to either an RST-SS (10 players) or RST-COD (10 players). RST-SS was 3 sets of 7 × 30-m sprints with 20-second and 4-minute recovery between sprints and sets, respectively. RST-COD was 3 sets of 7 × 20 + 20 m (one COD of 180°) shuttle sprints with 20-second and 4-minute recovery between sprints and sets, respectively. The physical tests selected were long jump, repeated-sprint ability (RSA) best, RSA mean, 505 agility test, Yo-Yo recovery level 1, 10, 30, and 40 m sprints. RST-SS reported unclear variations in long jump, sprint 30 m, sprint 40 m, RSA best, and RSA mean, whereas RST-COD showed unclear and trivial variations in sprint 10 m, sprint 30 m, sprint 40 m, RSA best, and RSA mean. The between-group analysis did not report any statistical difference. In conclusion, a single session of RST-SS and RST-COD do not improve soccer-specific fitness indicators in elite youth players during the season.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Counteracts the Acute Death of Cells Transplanted into the Injured Spinal Cord
Authors: David Brian T. , Curtin Jessica J. , Goldberg David C. , Scorpio Kerri , Kandaswamy Veena , Hill Caitlin E.
Published: September 2019

Cellular transplantation is in clinical testing for a number of central nervous system disorders, including spinal cord injury (SCI). One challenge is acute transplanted cell death. To prevent this death, there is a need to both establish when the death occurs and develop approaches to mitigate its effects. Here, using luciferase (luc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing Schwann cell (SC) transplants in the contused thoracic rat spinal cord 7 d postinjury, we establish viain vivobioluminescent (IVIS) imaging and stereology that cell death occurs prior to 2–3 d postimplantation. We then test an alternative approach to the current paradigm of enhancing transplant survival by including multiple factors along with the cells. To stimulate multiple cellular adaptive pathways concurrently, we activate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional pathway. Retroviral expression of VP16-HIF-1α in SCs increased HIF-α by 5.9-fold and its target genes implicated in oxygen transport and delivery (VEGF, 2.2-fold) and cellular metabolism (enolase, 1.7-fold). In cell death assaysin vitro, HIF-1α protected cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. It also provided some protection against camptothecin-induced DNA damage, but not thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress or tunicamycin-induced unfolded protein response. Following transplantation, VP16-HIF-1α increased SC survival by 34.3%. The increase in cell survival was detectable by stereology, but not byin vivoluciferase orex vivoGFP IVIS imaging. The results support the hypothesis that activating adaptive cellular pathways enhances transplant survival and identifies an alternative pro-survival approach that, with optimization, could be amenable to clinical translation.
Adherence and long-term outcomes of growth hormone therapy with easypod™ in pediatric subjects: Spanish ECOS study
Authors: Rodríguez Arnao María Dolores , Rodríguez Sánchez Amparo , Díez López Ignacio , Ramírez Fernández Joaquín , Bermúdez de la Vega Jose Antonio , Yeste Fernández Diego , Chueca Guindulain María , Corripio Collado Raquel , Pérez Sánchez Jacobo , Fernández González Ana , _ _
Published: September 2019

Background

Non-adherence to r-hGH treatments occurs in a variable percentage of subjects. One problem found when evaluating adherence is the great variability in methods of detection and definitions utilized in studies. This study assessed the level of adherence in subjects receiving r-hGH with the easypod™ electronic device.

Methods

National, multicenter, prospective and observational study involving 238 subjects (144 with GH deficiency (GHD), and 86 with small for gestational age (SGA), 8 with Turner Syndrome), who received r-hGH with easypod™ for at least 3 months before inclusion. The follow-up period was 4 years.

Results

Overall adherence was 94.5%; 97.5% after 6 months, 95.3% after 1 year, 93.7% after 2, 94.4% after 3 and 95.5% after 4 years of treatment. No differences in adherence were observed between prepubertal and pubertal groups and GHD and SGA groups. Change in height after 1 and 2 years, change in height SDS after 1 and 2 years, HV after 1 year, HV SDS after at 1 and 4 years, change in BMI after 1 year and change in BMI SDS at 1 and 2 years showed significant correlation with adherence. No significant differences in adherence according to IGF-I levels were found in follow-up visits or between groups.

Conclusions

The easypod™ electronic device, apart from being a precise and objective measure of adherence to r-hGH treatment, allows high compliance rates to be achieved over long periods of time. Adherence significantly impacts growth outcomes associated with r-hGH treatment.
Drosophila melanogaster as a model for nutrient regulation of ovarian function
Authors: Armstrong Alissa Richmond
Published: September 2019

Observed in a wide variety of organism, from invertebrates to mammals, nutritional status modulates the energetically costly effort of producing female gametes. Despite this long-standing link between nutrition and ovarian function, relatively little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie how dietary components modulate egg production. Drosophila melanogaster, with its powerful and extensive genetic tools as well as its well-characterized ovarian response to diet, has proven to be instrumental in addressing this issue. This review covers what we currently know about the dietary control of oogenesis in Drosophila and the salient features of the fruit fly that make it a model for nutritional control of ovarian function.
Morphological and Functional Alterations of the Cardiovascular System during Acute Clozapine Poisoning (Experimental Study)
Authors: Babkina A. S. , Ryzhkov I. A. , Antonova V. V. , Tsokolaeva Z. I. , Asanov A. R. , Kalabushev S. N. , Zarzhetsky Yu. V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the influence of sublethal dose of Clozapine on the functional and morphological parameters of the cardiovascular system in rats 4 hrs. after the drug administration.

Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats weighing 200–250g (n=14). Group I received 0.9% NaCl solution administered via enteral feeding tubing under general anesthesia using Sevoflurane; group II — Clozapine dosed at 150 mg/kg in 0.9% NaCl solution; group III — Clozapine dosed at 150 mg/kg in 40% ethyl alcohol solution. 4 hrs. after drug administration, arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), microcirculation in the skin using laser Doppler flowmetry (LSF), fluorescence intensity of coenzymes NADH and FAD were evaluated. After euthanasia, autopsy including withdrawal of the internal organs of rats for morphological analysis was performed. Thereafter, paraffin sections of hearts were made and subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin, which were later examined with the help of light microscope Nikon Eclipse Ni-U.

Results. In both Clozapine groups, ABP and blood flow in the skin were lower than in the control group: ABP — by 12% in group I and by 15% in group II; blood flow — by 48% and 37%, respectively. No significant difference between the groups was observed in respect of the microcirculation indices studied. Increased fluorescence intensity of coenzyme NADH in the skin was found in the Clozapine groups compared to the control group (2.3-fold in group I and 1.9-fold in group II). Histological analysis of the hearts of animals that received Clozapine established uneven blood filling, erythrocyte sludges, fine-focal hemorrhaging, endotheliocyte nuclei oriented perpendicular to the basal membrane, uneven staining of myocardium with hypereosinophilic segments, fragmentation and undulating deformity of muscle fibers.

Conclusion. During acute Clozapine poisoning, morphological signs of disturbed circulation and myocardium damage are found in the heart, which are accompanied with development of myocardium dysfunction with arterial hypotension and decreased peripheral blood flow, also disturbed oxidative metabolism in peripheral tissues.
Prevention of Gut Barrier Dysfunction During Acute Massive Blood Loss (Experimental Study)
Authors: Yakovlev A. Y. , Boyarinov G. A. , Ryabikov D. V. , Ryabikova M. A. , Protasov D. M. , Mukhina I. V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study: to investigate the influence of hypovolemia correction by infusion of malate-containing preparations and subsequent glutamine-enriched nutritional support on the maintenance of gut barrier and overhydration in animals with acute massive blood loss/  

Materials and methods. Blood samples were harvested from the tail and portal veins of rats (n=100) at different time points after the acute blood loss (>30% V/V) . Bacterial blood cultures for growth, lipopolysaccharide and presepsin concentrations, colon structures and animal weight were analyzed in blood and plasma specimens 1 hour, one day and 3 days after the hypovolemia correction. To correct the hypovolemia, in the 1st series of experiments, the Ringer’s solution and standard nutrient mixture were used; in the 2nd series malatecontaining solution and standard nutrient mixture were administered; in the 3rd series a malate-containing solution and glutamine-enriched nutrient mixture were employed.

Results. In the portal vein blood of intact animals, endotoxin measurement was equal to 17.8Ѓ}3.9 pg/ml, that of presepsin — 405.6Ѓ}80.1 pg/ml. At all stages, tail and portal blood bacterial cultures were negative demonstrating an absence of bacterial growth and gut barrier intactness for live microorganisms. One hour after hypovolemia correction and blood reinfusion, multifold increase in endotoxin concentration in the blood from both portal and tail veins was accompanied by significant increase of presepsin concentration. 24 hours after the blood loss, in the animals of the 2nd and 3rd series, the levels of endotoxin, presepsin, and edema of the colon mucous membrane and submucosal space has become lower than those in the 1st series. Three days later, the advantages of glutamine-containing nutrition in the 3rd series of the experiment were determined that revealed decreasing the endotoxin and presepsin concentrations in the portal and tail vein blood and diminishing the levels of interstitial edema of colon and animal weight growth.

Conclusion. Administration of malate-containing infusion preparations and glutamine-enriched nutrition after an acute massive blood loss contributes to decreasing presepsin production in GIT organs, abrogating endotoxin translocation into the portal vein and systemic circulation, lessening severity of edema of the mucous membrane and submucosal space of the colon, and reducing the previously increased animal body mass.
Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y fosfatada en raigrases perennes y tréboles rojos
Authors: Sierra-Alarcón Andrea Milena , Moreno-Oviedo Yesenia , Mancipe-Muñoz Edgar Augusto , Avellaneda-Avellaneda Yesid , Vargas-Martínez Juan De Jesús
Published: September 2019

Introducción. Los sistemas de lechería especializada están basados en el uso de forrajes, lo que hace necesaria la generación de recomendaciones que promuevan el uso eficiente y sostenible de este recurso. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de niveles crecientes de fertilización nitrogenada y fosfatada sobre la producción de forraje y la calidad composicional de raigrases (Lolium perenne) y tréboles rojos (Trifolium repens). Materiales y métodos. En septiembre de 2016 se establecieron, en dos departamentos colombianos (Bocayá y Cundinamarca), dos raigrases perennes y dos tréboles rojos en parcelas de 4 m2, los primeros recibieron 0, 50, 100 o 150 kg N ha-1 y 0, 25 o 50 kg P2O5 ha-1, y los segundos 0, 12,5, 25 o 37,5 kg P2O5 ha-1. Posterior al periodo de establecimiento (120 días) y de un corte de uniformización, los forrajes se cosecharon a los 21, 35 y 49 días de rebrote, durante dos periodos de evaluación (abril-mayo y junio-julio de 2017). Las variables se evaluaron a través de un modelo de parcelas divididas con medidas repetidas. Resultados. La fertilización nitrogenada aumentó (p<0,05) la producción de materia seca, la clorofila y la concentración de proteína cruda, y disminuyó la fibra en detergente neutro. La fertilización fosfatada no modificó (p>0,05) la producción y la composición de los raigrases y tréboles. Además, con el incremento en la edad de rebrote aumentó (p<0,05) la concentración de los componentes menos solubles en tréboles y raigrases, que se relacionan con el menor valor nutricional de estos forrajes. Conclusión. La aplicación de niveles crecientes de nitrógeno, pero no de fósforo, aumentó la producción y calidad de los raigrases. La aplicación de fósforo no modificó la producción y composición de los tréboles.
Roman-Period Mystery Cults as the Focal Points of Cursing Rituals?
Authors: Faraone Christopher A.
Published: September 2019

The recently published curse tablets from the sanctuary of Magna Mater in Mainz, from the hero shrines of Opheltes and Palaimon, and from the sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, as well as a single curse tablet from late Roman Antioch invoking the “secret names” of the Samothracian deities, all suggest some connection between mystery religions and cursing. Two possible explanations are explored: (i) because initiates had special access to divine powers, their curses were thought to be especially powerful; or (ii) because these new discoveries fit two traditional types of defixiones: those placed in or at the graves of those violently killed, like Opheltes, or those placed in sanctuaries of female divinities, like Demeter, whose myths focus on the loss and return of a loved one from Hades.
Mitra-Mithra-Mithras: The Roman Mithras and His Indo-Iranian Background
Authors: Lahe Jaan
Published: September 2019

One of the key questions in the studies of the Roman cult of Mithras has been, since the works of F. Cumont, the question about the religious historical origin of the cult – regarding which there is no consensus to this day. Theories about the origin of the cult can be divided into three groups: (1) the so-called “strong” Iranian thesis, according to which the cult was imported from Iran; (2) the so-called “weak” Iranian thesis, claiming that just a few, mostly irrelevant elements of the cult originated in Iran; (3) a radical stance that there is no consistency between the Roman cult of Mithras and the Iranian cult of Mithra and what the two have in common is simply the similar name of a god. The author of this presentation has studied comparatively the character of Mitra in Indian religious literature, that of Mithra in Iranian religious and mythological texts as well as in Iranian religious iconography, and Mithras in the cult devoted to him in Rome, and has concluded that the radical belief common in current Mithras studies, according to which Mithras is connected with Mitra and Mithra only by them having similar names, is just as erroneous as the “strong” Iranian thesis defended by F. Cumont and G. Widengren. Although it is certain that the Roman cult of Mithras is not a cult imported from Iran, but a new cult that originated in the Roman Empire, the author of this presentation maintains that the Roman cult of Mithras contains a series of motifs that can be found both in the Vedas and in Iranian mythological texts: connection of Mitra/Mithras with friendship and a contract of friendship; certain military traits; connection with cosmogony and the cosmic order; connection with light, the Sun and the chariot of Sol; the role of the god as a giver of water and fertility; the idea of a sacrifice that stimulates fertility. Based on the sources linked to the Roman Mithras, in particular the iconography, it may be claimed that a large part of these motifs did not have a peripheral role in the mythology connected with the cult, but they carried an important, maybe even a central role. As the previously mentioned motifs were already interrelated in India and Iran, the author of this presentation believes that their coexistence in the mythology of the Roman cult of Mithras cannot be a coincidence but testifies to the wider Indo-Iranian background of the central figure of the cult, the god Mithras, which should not be ignored even if the Roman cult of Mithras is viewed as a new cult that evolved in the Roman Empire and within the context of the Greco-Roman religion.
Egyptianism
Authors: Gasparini Valentino , Gordon Richard L.
Published: September 2019

When dealing with Isis, Serapis and the other members of the so-called ‘gens isiaca’, scholars have hesitated whether to emphasize their (indisputable) historico-geographic origin in the Nile valley or their (no less indisputable) character as Graeco-Roman cults. We thus find these deities referred to as ‘Egyptian’, ‘Graeco-Egyptian’, ‘Graeco-Roman’, ‘Greek’, ‘Roman’ and, again, ‘Oriental’, ‘Orientalized Roman’, and so on. Each of these definitions is evidently partial, which is one reason for the growing preference for the less specific terms ‘Isiac gods’ and ‘Isiac cults’. Yet even these elide the problem of how these cults were perceived in relation to Egypt. This article aims to challenge the terms of the conventional dichotomy between Egyptian and Graeco-Roman, by exploring the many specific contexts in which ‘Egypt’ was appropriated, for example, by institutions, intellectuals (e.g. ‘Middle-’ and Neo-Platonists), Christian apologists, late-antique encyclopedists, etc. Starting with the comparandum ‘Persianism’ recently highlighted in relation to the cult of Mithras, the paper will explore the various interests and aims involved in the construction of ideas of Egypt, which might even involve more than one ‘Egyptianism’ at the same time. Each of our nine suggested ‘Egyptianisms’ is the creation of numerous ‘producers’, who adapted what they knew of ‘Egypt’ (‘foreign’, ‘exotic’, ‘other’) to create their own religious offers. Our basic model is derived from the Erfurt project Lived Ancient Religions, which inverts the usual representation of ancient religion as collective (‘polis religion’, ‘civic religion’) in favour of a perspective that stresses individual agency, sense-making and appropriation within a range of broader constraints.
A pesquisa de opinião pública como discurso de manipulação:a campanha do Instituto Datafolha pelo impeachment de Dilma Rousseff
Authors: Brittes Juçara Gorski , Ruggieri Ana Luisa
Published: September 2019

Este artigo objetiva demonstrar que as Pesquisas de Opinião Pública são utilizadas como ferramentas midiáticas para manipular os fatos, pautar a agenda pública e sustentar argumentos específicos. Tais afirmações são fruto da análise das estratégias discursivas presentes nas sondagens do Instituto Datafolha referentes à presidenta Dilma Rousseff. O procedimento metodológico é composto por elementos da Análise do Discurso, além de teorias do jornalismo, da Opinião Pública e da Esfera Pública. A pesquisa permite afirmar que a narrativa proposta pelo Datafolha omitiu fatos importantes para o entendimento da crise política instalada no Brasil. Suas estratégias argumentativas e a divulgação dos resultados, enquadrados por interesses políticos e econômicos, afetaram decisivamente a credibilidade de Dilma Rousseff, contribuindo para a interrupção de seu mandato.
Silêncios e silenciamentos na cobertura midiática da Copa do Mundo em Pernambuco
Authors: Figueiredo Carolina Dantas , Amorim Eduardo Baptista
Published: September 2019

Os megaeventos aconteceram no Brasil em um período de grandes turbulências políticas e também de mudanças no contexto da comunicação. A partir do olhar de alguém que atuou na cobertura da Copa do Mundo, a presente pesquisa tenta identificar na cobertura do Mundial de 2014 em Pernambuco elementos que mostram como foram utilizados os silenciamentos pela imprensa ou em quais situações o silêncio se efetivou.
Ultramontanismo, Maçonaria e Protestantismo no contexto da Questão Religiosa (1872-1875)
Authors: Cloclet da Silva Ana Rosa , Carvalho Thais Da Rocha
Published: September 2019

No Brasil, os acontecimentos associados à Questão Religiosa (1872-75) representaram etapa crucial na reconfiguração das relações entre o religioso e o secular. Desde então, a Igreja católica caminhou para a separação oficial e abrupta em relação ao Estado e para a conquista de sua identidade institucional, subordinada ao Sumo Pontífice. Na defesa deste projeto, clérigos e leigos ultramontanos fizeram da imprensa católica instrumento eficaz na nomeação de seus inimigos e preservação de sua influência junto à sociedade civil. É este o caso do jornal O Apóstolo - editado entre 1866 e 1901 e um dos mais expressivos da ortodoxia católica –, cuja análise pelo presente artigo visa reconstituir a construção discursiva de duas alteridades básicas do ultramontanismo: a maçonaria e o protestantismo. A partir da relação texto-contexto, identificou-se a base argumentativa que permitiu aos redatores do jornal anatemizar estes concorrentes no campo religioso cristão como “heréticos” e “anticlericais”.
La acción didáctica de las ciencias sociales y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico
Authors: Santiago Rivera Jos Armando
Published: September 2019

El propósito es reflexionar sobre la didáctica de las ciencias sociales y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en la formación ciudadana del mundo globalizado. Se asume como problema la vigencia de la memorización, como revelación del aprendizaje, cuando se insiste en promover la elaboración del conocimiento desde la integración teórico-práctica. Esta situación determinó estructurar un planteamiento sobre el escenario de la época y la elaboración del conocimiento social, educar el pensamiento crítico en el mundo contemporáneo y el razonamiento como propósito de la acción didáctica de las ciencias sociales. Concluye proponiendo el análisis reflexivo de la realidad comunitaria desde un activo pensamiento analítico-constructivo como opción pedagógica para educar al ciudadano que vive el mundo contemporáneo.
An overview of speaker recognition
Authors: CL Philip Chen
Published: September 2019

Speaker recognition has been studied for many years and has been a hot topic. This paper
presents an overview of speaker recognition methods, which include the classical and the state-of-art
methods.
The Analysis of the Systems Stability of Linear Differential Equations Based on the Transformation of Difference Schemes
Authors: Bulanov S. G.
Published: September 2019

The approach to the analysis of Lyapunov systems stability of linear ordinary differential equations based on multiplicative transformations of difference schemes of numerical integration is presented. As a result of transformations, the stability criteria in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions are formed. The criteria are invariant with respect to the right side of the system and do not require its transformation with respect to the difference scheme, the length of the gap and the step of the solution. A distinctive feature of the criteria is that they do not use the methods of the qualitative theory of differential equations. In particular, for the case of systems with a constant matrix of the coefficients it is not necessary to construct a characteristic polynomial and estimate the values of the characteristic numbers. When analyzing the system stability with variable matrix coefficients, it is not necessary to calculate the characteristic indicators. The varieties of criteria in an additive form are obtained, the stability analysis based on them being equivalent to the stability assessment based on the criteria in a multiplicative form. Under the conditions of a linear system stability (asymptotic stability) of differential equations, the criteria of the systems stability (asymptotic stability) of linear differential equations with a nonlinear additive are obtained. For the systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations the scheme of stability analysis based on linearization is presented, which is directly related to the solution under study. The scheme is constructed under the assumption that the solution stability of the system of a general form is equivalent to the stability of the linearized system in a sufficiently small neighborhood of the perturbation of the initial data. The matrix form of the criteria allows implementing them in the form of a cyclic program. The computer analysis is performed in real time and allows coming to an unambiguous conclusion about the nature of the system stability under study. On the basis of a numerical experiment, the acceptable range of the step variation of the difference method and the interval length of the difference solution within the boundaries of the reliability of the stability analysis is established. The approach based on the computer analysis of the systems stability of linear differential equations is rendered. Computer testing has shown the feasibility of using this approach in practice.
Investigation of the Integrated Control System of a Helicopter Type Aircraft in Case of Onboard Equipment Failures
Authors: Bolshakov A. A. , Kulik A. A.
Published: September 2019

The complex control system of the helicopter-type aircraft is considered, its design is described depending on the requirements for the aircraft and interaction with the interfaced onboard equipment. The main elements of the system are the subsystems of remote and automatic control of the helicopter. In the process of developing such a system, much attention is paid to ensuring a high level of reliability and maintaining the functions necessary for the safe completion of the flight. Therefore, the main requirement for an integrated management system is the probability of its failure in backup management with improved stability of the control object is not higher than 10-9. The authors of the article conducted the analysis of the integrated management system on accutanecost in conditions of failure of the elements included in its composition. In the course of the analysis the assessment of fault safety of subsystems of remote and automatic control is carried out. At the same time, for each system, the influence of obvious and not obvious failures on the change in the controllability of the aircraft and the safety of its flight was considered. Also, the analysis of the system in the conditions of failure of the on-Board equipment of the device. Special attention is paid to the study of the dynamics of the Executive mechanism of the system in the conditions of failure of the onboard hydraulic power supply system. The paper presents the results of studies of changes in the force, speed and quality factor of the electrohydraulic drive at various failures of hydraulic power lines on Board the aircraft. The obtained results can be used in the process of designing complex control systems, studies of electrohydraulic drives and development of methods for parrying the consequences of failures of the helicopter’s onboard equipment with respect to the complex control system, including the creation of algorithms for reconfiguring the system and the logic of controlling the functioning of its elements.