bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biorelevant dissolution models to assess precipitation of weak base drug
Authors: Viviane Annisa  , Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman  , Agung Endro Nugroho
Published: March 2021

The impact of precipitation can affect the amount of drug absorbed, thereby affecting the amount of drug in the systemic body. The precipitation process is preceded by a supersaturation phase, caused by decreased drug solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. This precipitation occurs for weak base drugs with low solubility. When the drug entering the small intestine, the solubility of weak base drugs decrease, then occurs supersaturation, which leads to precipitation, so that drug precipitation is one of a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. Precipitation testing of water-soluble weak base drugs can be carried out by the pH shift method to describe the gastrointestinal pH gradient from gastric to small intestine. This pH change can cause supersaturation and then trigger precipitation, especially for weak base drugs. The methods that can used to assess precipitation drug is modification of the USP dissolution which are two compartment and multi compartment model. The choice of dissolution medium play an important role in the test results. The use of bio relevant medium can produce closer in vitro and in vivo correlations than the use of buffers. Generally, the medium used to simulate the weakly condition in the small intestine is FaSSIF (Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid) or FeSSIF (Fed State Stimulate Intestinal Fluid) medium. The medium used to simulate the acidic condition in the stomach is FaSSGF (Fasted state simulated gastric fluid) or FeSSGF (Fed state simulated gastric fluid) medium.
A study of Relationship Between Mean Corpuscular Volume and Diagnosed Cases of Thrombotic Stroke in Young People
Authors: Daniel P John  , Desai Jabbar V  , Abhijeet A Patil  , Nair Vijay Devdas  , Piyusha P Patil
Published: March 2021

After coronary illness and all malignancies stroke is the third basic reason for death on the planet.study was aimed to determine the possible relationship between mean corpuscular volume and thrombotic stroke in young people. The study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital. The case-control study was done in 50 patients of young thrombotic cerebrovascular disease and 50 healthy age  and sex-matched controls. Estimation of MCV levels was done in both the groups and compared. The mean age  of cases was 41.56 ± 9.51. total of 50 cases of young stroke, 36 (72%) was male. The mean and SD values of MCV levels for the case group were 96.78±7.54, for the control group were 82.07±7. Out of the 50 young stroke patients, 17 (34%) had MCV levels ≥101fL. In the control group, all the subjects had MCV levels ≤ 100fL. The mean haemoglobin level was 14.29, with SD ± 1.48 in cases, and the control group mean haemoglobin level was 12.41 with SD±1.39. Mean serum haemoglobin levels were higher in cases than controls. The Significant Macrocytosis (MCV≥100fL) can be a new, low cost and early marker in anticipating the risk of developing thrombotic stroke in young adults who may or may not have anaemia.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT LOSS METHODS AVAILABLE IN MIKE HYDRO RIVER-UHM
Authors:   Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, 5-7, Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, STRAPAZAN Carina , HAIDU Ionel , IRIMUS Ioan Aurel
Published: March 2021

Hydrologic modelling studies usually involve data series with a large temporal scale, especially in Romania, focusing on a long-term impact analysis. Nevertheless, event-based runoff models are essential tools for short-term purposes such as flash flood forecasting. Suitable methods or models must be considered in order to ensure the validity of such research based on parameter calibration to a particular area. Therefore, a comparative analysis of methods must be conducted first, in order to determine the optimal ones that can be used for future data prediction. The aim of the present study is to apply and validate the MIKE HYDRO River modeling system - the UHM module, through a comparative analysis of the SCS, Generalized SCS and Proportional Loss methods available, to a small-sized mountainous watershed, where no research has been conducted in this field. To this end, three spring rainfall events were chosen, but with different antecedent moisture conditions, in order to examine how well the chosen methods can reproduce the available observations in such circumstances. The SCS method yielded the highest quality performance, but the Proportional Loss method has also proven effective under these conditions.
Pandangan Axel Honneth tentang Keadilan sebagai Institusionalisasi Kebebasan dalam Relasi Pengakuan
Authors: Runesi Yasintus
Published: March 2021

This article explores Axel Honneth’s normative reconstruction of social liberty as discussed in his book, Freedom’s Right. Honneth’s argument is complex. On one side, he believes that justice can ultimately only be judged in terms of the ideals actually institutionalised in that society. On the other side, he insists that contemporary theories of justice that are guided almost exclusively by the legal paradigm is a theoretical folly. In the first part, this article presents Honneth’s critical reading of the differences between negative and reflexive models of freedom. Then it discusses the ideas of democracy as reflexive cooperation of the ‘we’ in relation to the concept of social freedom. It then reviews Honneth’s argument on justice as institutionalised freedom. The author compares Honneth’s account of solidarity with Enrique Dussel’s views in the fourth part of this article. The conclusion shows that social freedom cannot be realised without a pedagogical process in this exclusion age, and that this process might enlarge the individuals’ horizon of solidarity as future citizens.
The University of Ottawa Healthcare Symposium (UOHS) 2021 Pitch-O-Rama: Elevator Pitch Research Competition
Authors: Chu Nicole , Li Tanya , Hong Michelle , Park Hanbyoul Agatha
Published: March 2021

The University of Ottawa Healthcare Symposium (UOHS) is a one-day undergraduate health conference that aims to increase awareness of the interdisciplinary field of health. This conference engages students' interest in health through seminars, interactive panel discussions, and a research-based elevator pitch competition. UOHS was created eleven years ago by undergraduate students and has grown to become the University of Ottawa’s largest healthcare conference. Every year, UOHS hosts an event called the Pitch-O-Rama, during one of the conference’s seminar blocks. This event is an elevator pitch competition where individuals have the opportunity to present their health care-related research to an audience and panel of judges in a clear and engaging way. The goal of the Pitch-O-Rama is to have students communicate and share their scientific research to the community. The written submissions of the top 3 winners are highlighted in this abstract book.
MICROSTRUCTURAL INDICATORS OF INTERNAL ORGANS AND MUSCLE TISSUE OF GOATS IN CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION
Authors:   Saratov state agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, ZABELINA M.V. , RLOSHCHININ S.O. , LOVTSOVA L.G. , LOVTSOV I.V.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of studying environmental monitoring, as well as internal organs and muscle tissue of animals after slaughter.
IRANIAN POLITICIANS AND EXPERTS’ VIEWS ON THE ARMED CONFLICT IN NAGORNO-KARABAKH IN 2020
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Filin Nikita A. , Koklikov Vladimir O. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University, Khodunov Aleksandr S. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: March 2021

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict escalated sharply in the autumn of 2020, which led to numerous casualties. As a result of the war, most of the territory of Karabakh came under the control of Azerbaijan. The development of the situation was monitored in all neighboring states, including Iran, which was in the immediate vicinity of the war zone. The article examines the position of Iranian politicians, clerics and experts on the reasons, course and result of the Karabakh conflict. It is shown that almost all of them fully accept the position of Azerbaijan and consider Armenia an aggressor, which must return to Azerbaijan all the territories belonging to it under international law. The Supreme Leader also adheres to this position, what seems to be very important, given his special role in the Iranian political system. The Iranians are especially concerned about the deaths of civilians who have nothing to do with the conflict. In that regard, it was very often said about the need for an early ending of hostilities and the resolution to the conflict by diplomatic means. At the same time, Iranian experts mainly emphasize the need for Iran not to support any of the parties in order to be able to act as an intermediary between them.
Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): Production of instant soluble microcapsules
Authors: BAŞYİĞİT Bülent , HAYOĞLU İbrahim , AKYAR Gülbahar , BULUT Sara , GAMLI Ömer Faruk , ATASOY Ahmet
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada meyan kökünden (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) fenolik antioksidan bileşikler ekstrakte edilmiş ve elde edilen ekstraktlar püskürtmeli kurutma tekniği ile toz forma dönüştürülmüştür. Kurutma yardım materyali olarak maltodekstrin (MD) ve gam arabikin (GA) farklı konsantrasyonları kullanılmıştır. Çekirdek materyalinin kaplama materyaline oranı 1:3 olarak ayarlanmış ve tüm denemelerde sabit tutulmuştur. Kullanılan duvar materyali konsantrasyonu elde edilen son ürünlerin bazı özellikleri üzerine istatistiksel olarak etki olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Enkapsülasyon verimi ve enkapsülasyon etkinliği sırasıyla 46.30-64.11% ve 98.15-98.62% arasında bulunmuştur. FE4 (MD/GA: 2.25/0.75) emulsiyonunun kapsüllüme verimi diğer emülsiyonlar ile karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek bulunmuştur. Fakat farklı emülsiyonların enkapsülasyon etkinliği üzerine önemli derecede etkileri görülmemiştir (p>0.05). En yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriği (7.02 mg GAE/g toz) ve antioksidan aktivite (60.15 mg TEAC/g toz) FE1 (MD/GA: 0.75/2.25) emülsiyonunda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, püskürtmeli kurutma tekniği kullanarak hazır meyan kökü üretiminin başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebileceğini göstermiştir.
Bazı organik preparat uygulamalarının Hacıhaliloğlu kayısı çeşidinde meyve dökümü, kalitesi ve verimi üzerine etkileri
Authors: KARLIDAĞ Hüseyin , KUTSAL İbrahim Kutalmış , KARAAT Fırat , KAN Tuncay
Published: March 2021

Malatya Ovası ülkemizde kayısı tarımının en yoğun yapıldığı alan olup ovada kayısı ağaçları düşük ilkbahar sıcaklıkları ve yüksek yaz sıcaklıkları gibi çeşitli sebeplerle küçük meyve dökümlerine neden olan abiyotik stres faktörleri etkisinde yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da söz konusu meyve dökümlerini azaltmak ve aynı zamanda meyve kalitesini iyileştirmek amaçlarıyla bazı organik preparatların etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında, sekiz yaşında olan Hacıhaliloğlu çeşidine ait kayısı ağaçlarında altı farklı organik preparat kontrol uygulaması ile birlikte yapraktan püskürtme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Uygulamalar çanak yaprakların meyveden ayrıldığı dönemde ve meyve uzunluğunun yaklaşık 7-8 mm olduğu dönemde yapılmış olup yapılan uygulamalar meyve dökümü, verim, pomolojik özellikler, antioksidan aktivitesi ve toplam fenolik bileşik içerikleri üzerine etkisi yönünden karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda yapılan uygulamaların incelenen tüm parametreler üzerinde etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın ilk yılında meyve döküm oranı % 1.50 ile 18.35 arasında değişmiş, ikinci yılında % 13.17 ile 26.48 arasında değişmiş, her iki yılda da kontrol uygulaması meyve dökümünün en yüksek seviyede gerçekleştiği uygulama olmuştur. Sonuç olarak çalışma kapsamında uygulanan organik preparatların meyve dökümünü azaltarak verimi artırmak ve aynı zamanda meyve kalitesini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.
Capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola das terras de propriedades rurais localizadas na bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas
Authors: Suzuki Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches , Almeida William Roger da Silva , Amaral Rodrigo de Lima do , Ramos Mariana Fernandes , Rehbein Moisés Ortemar , Kunde Roberta Jeske
Published: March 2021

O uso intenso do solo e a não adoção de práticas conservacionistas resulta em sua degradação e impactos ao ambiente. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de uso e a aptidão agrícola das terras de algumas propriedades rurais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas, localizadas no município de Pelotas/RS, utilizando as metodologias propostas, respectivamente, por Lepsch et al. (1991) e Schneider, Giasson e Klamt (2007). Para isso, foram avaliadas três propriedades rurais com pastagem, uma com lavoura e cinco com pomares de pêssego de diferentes idades (0, 2, 6, 8 e 12 anos). A partir dos resultados levantados, verifica-se que as áreas apresentam limitações quanto a capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola, especialmente relacionadas à pouca profundidade efetiva do solo e, aos riscos de erosão associados à declividade e à textura média na camada superficial do solo. Apesar das limitações quanto ao uso destas áreas, a pastagem e a fruticultura são usos menos intensos de exploração do solo do que as culturas anuais, contudo, ainda se tornam necessárias a implementação de novas práticas conservacionistas do solo e da água ou manutenção daquelas já utilizadas.
Palavras-chave: Degradação do solo. Práticas conservacionistas do solo. Limitações de uso das terras.
 
Capacity of use and agricultural aptitude of land of rural properties located in the Pelotas River hydrographic basin
Abstract
The intense use of the soil and the failure to adopt conservationist practices, leads to its degradation and impacts on the environment. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of use and the agricultural aptitude of the lands of some rural properties of the Hydrographic Basin of Arroio Pelotas, located in the municipality of Pelotas/RS, using the methodologies proposed, respectively, by Lepsch et al. (1991) and Schneider, Giasson e Klamt (2007). For this, were evaluated three rural properties with pasture, one with annual crops and five with peach orchards of different ages (0, 2, 6, 8 and 12 years). From the results obtained, the areas have limitations in terms of their use capacity and agricultural aptitude, especially related to the little effective depth of the soil and the risks of erosion associated with the slope and the medium texture in the superficial layer of the soil. Despite the limitations on the use of these areas, pasture and orchards are less intense uses of soil than annual crops, however, it is still necessary to implement new soil and water conservation practices or maintain those already used.
Keywords: Soil degradation. Soil conservation practices. Landuse limitations.
The Decision Support System For The Acceptance of Pencak Silat Athletes in Pra-PON and PUSLATDA Team Selection Using Technique For Other Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution Method
Authors: Rizaldy Mochammad , Muchayan Achmad , Kamisutara Made
Published: March 2021

Pencak Silat is one of the traditional martial arts that originated from Indonesia. The parent of Pencak Silat organization in Indonesia is INDONESIAN PENCAK SILAT ASSOCIATION (IPSI). Pencak Silat is one of the most reliable sports branches at the International-scale Olympics. Proven at the ASEAN GAMES 2018 Olympics and then the Pencak Silat Sports Branch is one of the sports branch of the most gold medal with a total of 14 medals. With the increasingly tight competition of Pencak Silat Sports, the trainer desperately needs athletes who fit certain criteria in order to be reliable in a tournament. In this study aims to assist the trainer in selecting athletes that correspond to the criteria. Therefore, a decision support system is required to assist the trainer in selecting qualified athletes. In this research, using the Technique for Other Preference by Similarity To Ideal Solution method is used to advise athletes who are eligible to be contested according to the calculation result. Result system of decision support system with Topsis method of this research has been tested by Pencak Silat Trainer and produce the results of the selection that is expected by the trainer.

 Keywords: Pencak Silat, Decision Support Systems, Technique For Other Preference by Similarity To Ideal Solution, Web
A simbiose entre a luta dos corpos e a de classes: faces crescentes do neoliberalismo brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Patrick Leonardo da Silva de , LEON JAIME ERNESTO WINTER HUGHES
Published: March 2021

Esta pesquisa é um trabalho iniciado recentemente, que através do materialismo histórico-dialético e da abordagem das controvérsias, desenvolvida em coletivo pelo Laboratório de Estudos Marxistas (LEM
O PROCESSO DE LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL DA LINHA DE TRANSMISSÃO MANAUS – BOA VISTA
Authors: Silveira Júnior Walas Luiz da , Monteath Lillian
Published: March 2021

A necessidade de conectar o estado de Roraima ao Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN) foi motivada por uma diretriz do Ministério de Minas e Energia (MME) para integrar todas as capitais ao SIN e reforç
The creative self in anorexics
Authors: Dalmotto M , Fassino S
Published: March 2021

The article describes the interaction of anorexic patients, hospitalized in the Regional Pilot Psychiatric Service for the treatment of Anorexia in the Molinette Hospital of Turin, with the reading volunteering group. On the basis of said interaction, the Creative Self is searched for in patients and shows into be present in different ways. It seems anyway enhanced by the presence in the reading group.
Pelvic Exenteration in Patients with Persistent and Recurrent Cervical Cancer: A Case Series from Belarus
Authors: Matylevich Olga P. , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Polyakov Sergey L. , Mavrichev Siarhei A. , Kosenko Irina A. , Krasny Sergei A.
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The prognosis of patients with persistent or recurrent cervical cancer (CC) is poor, and patient selection for exenterative surgery is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of patients undergoing pelvic exenteration (PE) for persistent or recurrent CC after treatment with radiotherapy in Belarus.

Methods:

A retrospective study was performed of 22 patients with persistent and recurrent CC who underwent supralevator PE from 2006 to 2012 at NN Alexandrov National Cancer Centre. Anterior PE was performed in 16 (72.7%) patients, posterior PE in 2 (9.1%) and total PE in 4 (18.2%) patients.

Results:

The mean surgical procedure time was 289.1 minutes. Urinary diversion was performed in 20 patients: 5 (25.0%) underwent ureterostomy and 15 (75.0%) underwent neobladder formation. Fecal diversion with end colostomy (Hartman’s procedure) was performed in 5 patients and in one patient a rectosigmoid resection with anastomosis was performed.

The median follow-up time was 87 months (range, 4.4–146.0 months). To date, 16 (72.7%) patients have died of cervical cancer and there were no deaths due to other causes. The median survival was 17 months with a 5-year survival rate of 31.8% (SE 9.9%). Cox regression analysis showed that surgical margin status and pelvic lymph node involvement were independent risk factors for survival.

Conclusions:

PE was found to be a safe and feasible option for patients with persistent or recurrent cervical cancer who do not have other potentially curative treatment options. Careful patient selection is needed to determine which patients will benefit from this treatment.

Highlights:
ÖZEL EĞİTİM ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ZİHİNSEL YETERSİZLİĞİ OLAN BİREYLERİN SPORTİF ETKİNLİKLERİNE VE SPORA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BAŞKONUŞ Turan , AKDAL Deniz
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının spora ve zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin sportif etkinliklerine yönelik tutumlarının betimlenmesidir. Araştırmaya Ankara, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli, Adnan Menderes, Hacettepe ve Hasan Kalyoncu üniversitelerinin özel eğitim bölümünde öğrenim gören 184 öğrenci (128 kız, 56 erkek) gönüllük esasına göre katılmışlardır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, veri toplama sürecinde ''Kişisel Bilgiler Formu'', ''Zihinsel Engelli Bireylerin Sportif Etkinliklerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği'' ve ''Spora Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği'' kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin test edilmesinde 0.05 anlam düzeyi temel alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde alt probleme ilişkin maddeler gruplandırılarak, frekans (f), yüzde (%), ağırlıklı ortalama (X̅) ve standart sapma (SS) gibi betimsel istatistiklerle birlikte bağımsız t-testi ve ANOVA teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Anlamlı farklılığın etki büyüklüğünü hesaplamak için Cohen’d kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin sportif etkinliklerine ve spora yönelik tutumlarının yüksek düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir. Özel eğitim öğretmen adayların spora yönelik tutumları; cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve sportif etkinliklere katılma durumlarına göre farklılaşmamaktadır. Özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin sportif etkinliklerine yönelik tutumları cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, ailesinde ya da arkadaşları arasında özel eğitim gereksinimi olan birey olup olmama durumu ve sportif etkinliklere katılma durumlarına göre farklılaşmamaktadır. Sadece sportif etkinliklere yönelik olumsuz tutum boyutunda cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır.
İŞYERİNDE İNTİKAMCI DAVRANIŞLAR VE MEDEA SENDROMU
Authors: KARA Eray , KARADENİZ ÖZBEK Selda
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada işyerinde çalışanların intikamcı davranışlarının doğasını açıklamada Medea Sendromunun model alınabileceği varsayımıyla, öğretim elemanlarının Medea Sendromu yaşayıp yaşamadıklarına ilişkin mevcut durum ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu anlamda, Medea’nın maruz kaldığı haksızlık karşısında hissettiği nefreti, çocuklarının canına kıyarak eşinden intikam alma yolunu seçmesinin, öğretim elemanlarının iş yerindeki intikamcı davranışlarını açıklamada model alınabileceği varsayılmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseni kullanılmış, veriler odak grup görüşmesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, öğretim elemanlarının adaletsizliği ve liyakatsizliği intikamcı davranış sebebi olarak gördükleri; intikam almak için engelleme, kötüleme, örgütsel sinizm ve sessizlik davranışlarına yöneldikleri bulunmuştur. Kişilerin kendi adaletini tesis etmeye başlamasına imkan bırakmaksızın, örgütlerin çalışanlara adil bir ortam sunması gerekliliği bu çalışmanın önemli sonuçlarından biri olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
TÜRK EXİMBANK KREDİ TAHSİS UYGULAMASI
Authors: ESKİ Sulhi , ANLI Aycan
Published: March 2021

Türkiye İhracat Kredi Bankası A.Ş.(Türk Eximbank)’ nın finans sektörü içerisindeki kredi payı, sağlamış olduğu finansal kaynaklar ve alacak sigortası ile ülke ekonomisi için önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Türkiye’ de ihracatın artırılması hedefiyle kurulmuş olan Türk Eximbank ihracat yapanlara minimum maliyetli finansman kaynağı sunmaktadır.

Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bankalar kredi tahsis değerlendirme aşamasında işletmelerin kredibilitelerini ölçmek amacıyla uyguladıkları mali analiz yöntemleri ile kredi geri dönüşlerindeki riski en aza indirmeyi hedeflemektedirler. Kredi değerlendirme aşamasında sağlıklı finansal tabloların mali analiz yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmesi süreci Türk Eximbank tarafından da uygulanmaktadır. Türk Eximbank uygulaması uygulama detaylarında ve kullanılacak formlarda farklılıklar göstermektedir.

Çalışmanın amacı; Türk Eximbank’ın işletmelere yapacağı ihracat kredi tahsislerinin değerlendirilmesini mali analiz yöntemlerini de dikkat alarak gerçekleştirmektir. Çalışmanın yöntemi; literatür taraması ve sektörde uygulamadır. Türk Eximbank’ın yapacağı kredi tahsislerinin değerlendirilmesine örnek olacak şekilde seramik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir işletmenin mali verileri de baz alınarak örnek bir süreç gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda; İşletmelerin kredi talep başvurularında kredi tahsis aşmalarından ve tanzim edilecek belgeler hakkında yeterli bilgi sahibi olmadığı, Türk Eximbank’ın kredi değerlendirme aşamasında uyguladığı mali analiz yöntemlerinde işletmelerce sunulan mali tabloların baz alındığı bunun yeterli güven sağlamadığı mali tabloların doğruluğunun diğer resmi platformlardan da kontrol edilmesinin önemli olduğu, yapılan mali analizin analizi yapanın bilgi ve becerisine bırakıldığı bunun da kredi geri ödemelerinde risk yaratabileceği anlaşılmıştır.
Psikoedukasi Online Pendampingan Anak Belajar Daring Akibat Terdampak Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Rusli Devi , Nio Suci Rahma , Akbar Amin , Nurmina Nurmina
Published: March 2021

Covid19 adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis virus corona yang muncul awal 2020 di Indonesia. Pandemi Covid 19 telah berdampak luas pada semua sektor kehidupan tanpa terkecuali pada dunia pendidikan. Menurut informasi dari media online Republika.com disimpulkan bahwa belajar daring (dalam jaringan) menimbulkan masalah baru terutama bagi orangtua. Orangtua mengeluhkan belajar daring di rumah menambah kesibukan mereka. Wali murid merasa stres mengawasi kegiatan belajar anak di rumah karena sekolah memberikan sejumlah tugas pada siswa dan setiap hari tugas-tugas tersebut dikirimkan kepada gurunya melalui email (surat elektronik). Orangtua juga mengeluhkan anak mereka belajar terlalu santai (kurang serius), anak memegang HP (gawai) sambil bermain game online. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu program intervensi psikologi berupa psikoedukasi online dalam mendampingi anak belajar daring dirumah. Tujuan psikoedukasi online ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan pengalaman tentang strategi yang efektif bagi orangtua agar dapat mendampingi anak-anak SDIT Mutiara Pariaman belajar daring di rumah. Psikoedukasi pendampingan ini diberikan pada 26 orangtua siswa dengan menggunakan metode seminar, diskusi dan pendampingan orangtua. Efektivitas psikoedukasi dalam mendampingin anak belajar daring diukur dengan kuesioner pre-test dan post-test yang diisi oleh orangtua siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan pengalaman orangtua setelah mengikuti psikoedukasi online.
Efektivitas Pelatihan Asertif Sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Perilaku “Bullying” di SMPN A Surabaya
Authors: Ainiyah Hilda Rosa , Cahyanti Ika Yuniar
Published: March 2021

Bullying is one of the serious problems that is vulnerable to occur in adolescence as experienced by students of  9th grade SMPN A Surabaya. Bullying has a variety of negative impacts on victims and people who witness or bystander that see bullying behavior, that is including physical and psychological impacts. Bullying can be overcome by assertive behavior. Assertive behavior makes the victim and bystander able to express opinions straightforwardly and boldly without hurting the offender to stop bullying behavior. Assertive behavior can be enhanced through assertive training. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing the effectiveness of assertive training to: (1) increase students' understanding of bullying and assertive behavior; and (2) increasing assertive behavior of students to be able to overcome bullying at schools. This research is a quantitative research with experimental method. The type of experiments conducted are one group pretest-posttest design. Subjects are selected by purposive sampling. The subjects involved were 25 students in 9th grade students of SMPN A Surabaya. Assertive behavior is measured by the assertiveness scale by Robert E. Alberti and Michael L. Emmons (2002) which has been translated into Indonesian by Nabila (2015). Assertiveness scale is given before and after training for each subject. Subjects underwent 8 training sessions which were held for 2 days. The collected data was analyzed by paired sample t-test. The results show that: (1) there are significant differences in the subject's understanding of bullying and assertiveness before and after the study, where the subject's average understanding increases after training; (2) student assertiveness behavior significantly increases after training. Overall, assertive training is effective for increasing student understanding and effective for enhancing assertive behavior.
Menjadi Taruna Bahagia: Pelatihan Resiliensi untuk Meningkatkan Psychological Well-Being Taruna Akademi Angkatan Laut
Authors: Wijaya Andri Adi , Setiawati Eunike , Alfinuha Setyani
Published: March 2021

Pergantian kurikulum di tengah masa studi mengharuskan para taruna angkatan X beradaptasi dengan situasi pendidikan yang berbeda, kegiatan lebih padat dan menekan. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan psikologis salah satunya rendahnya psychological well-being. Padahal psychological well-being penting dimiliki para taruna untuk mengoptimalisasikan potensinya dalam menempuh pendidikan militer. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan psychological well-being para taruna adalah memberikan pelatihan resiliensi. Resiliensi merupakan kemampuan untuk mengatasi dan beradaptasi terhadap kejadian berat atau masalah yang terjadi dalam kehidupan. Pelatihan resiliensi pada penelitian ini menggunakan mastery resiliency training (MRT) yang khusus diberikan pada anggota militer. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh  MRT dalam meningkatkan psychological well-being taruna yang menjalani pendidikan militer. Partisipan penelitian yaitu para taruna angkatan X yang berjumlah 30 orang. Desain penelitian yang dipilih adalah one-group pretest-posttest design. Variabel psychological well-being diukur menggunakan The Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-being dan dianalisis dengan metode kuantitatif uji beda dan uji regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan resiliensi atau MRT mampu meningkatkan psychological well-being para taruna angkatan X.
Resiliensi Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Stress Kerja Pada Polisi Lalu Lintas
Authors: Purwanto Andi Bowo , Sahrah Alimatus
Published: March 2021

Suatu keadaan yang berkaitan dengan sebuah interaksi dalam pekerjaan sebagai dampak timbulnya perilaku maupun peristiwa dilingkungan kerja dan berdampak pada tuntutan atau tekanan fisik hingga psikologis diluar batas kemampuan seseorang disebut juga sebagai stress kerja. Polisi disebut juga sebagai jenis profesi yang rentan dengan stres dibandingkan dengan jenis profesi yang lainnya. Sebanyak 80% anggota Polri yang mengalami stres dari satuan Reserse dan anggota lalu lintas. Sebuah tuntutan pekerjaan yang harus dijalankan di lapangan seperti Polisi Lalu Lintas berpeluang akan mengalami stresfull yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan pekerjaan yang berada di kantor. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 52. Data diperoleh melalui instrumen skala dengan jenis skala Likert pada ketiga variabel. Hasil uji coba skala menunjukan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha 0,9 kategori kuat. Hasil penelitian membuktikan terdapat pengaruh resiliensi dan beban kerja terhadap stress kerja pada Polisi Lalu Lintas. Dengan nilai F sebesar 28,130 (p<0,05). Sumbangan efektif sebesar 53,4% sedangkan sisanya 46,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Satellite Microwave Radiometry for Earth Remote Sensing
Authors:   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Barsukov I. A. , Boldyrev V. V. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Gavrilov M. I. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Evseev G. E. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Egorov A. N. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Il’gasov P. A. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Pantsov V. Yu. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Strel’nikov N. I. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Strel’tsov A. M. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Chernyy I. V. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Chernyavskiy G. M. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Yakovlev V. V. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”
Published: March 2021

The issues of development of the direction of satellite microwave radiometry in Russia in the interests of operational meteorology and oceanography are considered. The analysis of the current state of Russian and foreign radiometric ERS equipment in the microwave range is carried out. The technical characteristics of onboard multichannel microwave radiometers, combining the functions of a scanner and a sounder, are analyzed. The issues of metrological support of microwave measurements of equipment installed on Russian satellites of the Meteor-M series are considered. The original method of internal calibration of the MTVZA-GYA microwave scanner/sounding device is analyzed in detail in order to form the antenna temperature scale. The MTVZA-GYA calibration unit measures the radiation intensity of two matched loads with known brightness temperatures (“hot” and “cold”). An on-board calibrator is used as a “hot” load, it serves as an imitator of an absolutely black body, its brightness temperature of which is in the range of 240–300 K. Absolute (external) calibration is a transition from antenna to brightness temperatures and is performed using high-precision radiation calculations for specially selected natural testing sites. The issues of preliminary processing of MTVZA-GYA data are considered and examples of microwave images of the Earth in the scale of brightness temperatures are given.
Trends to Improve the Inter-Satellite Radio Link of the GLONASS System
Authors:   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Bakit’ko R.V. , Astakhov D. A. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Moiseyev M.V. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Salakhov R. F. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the construction of the inter-satellite radio links (ISRLs) hardware of the expanded next generation GLONASS system including the high-orbit space complex. Ways of increasing the energy potential and accuracy characteristics are analyzed in two variants: compatible and incompatible with the existing system. Two stages of the ISRL development are considered. At the first stage the ISRL is created with power potential increased by 8 dB (medium-speed) compatible with the current one and providing an increase in the average data rate up to 700 bps and decrease of a pseudorange measurement error up to 10 cm/s. At the second stage the ISRL is created with power potential (high-speed) increased by 16 dB independent of the current one and providing an increase in the average data rate up to 20,000 bps and decrease of a pseudorange measurement error up to 3 cm/s. Both options are based on the active phased array antenna (APAR). The issue of organizing communication between navigation spacecraft using narrow beams is discussed. The structural diagrams of two hardware variants with the APAR in two frequency bands S and X are given.
Increasing the Volume of Information Transmitted through Space Radio Links by Implementing Compression Algorithms
Authors:   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Mordvinov A. E. , Nikitin A. S. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”
Published: March 2021

With the development of Earth remote sensing systems, requirements for the data transfer rate, which has almost reached the Shannon limit, become more demanding. A promising solution is the use of transmitted data compression algorithms on board the spacecraft. Of greatest interest for research is the compression of optical images, since they occupy the largest volume of transmitted information and lend themselves well to compression, including lossless compression. Currently, the authors of the article are not aware of efficient algorithms for compressing optical images that would be used onboard domestic spacecraft. Such algorithms must account for the functional features of the optoelectronic equipment matrices, the structure of the obtained images and the issued data packets. The right combination of compression methods, which would take into account the data structure at each stage and ensure the required balance between the compression ratio, compression rate, consumed onboard resources and implementation complexity, must also be applied. Algorithms used in common media data formats do not meet these requirements. The algorithms employed in some foreign spacecraft either compress with loss or with a low compression ratio. Thus, an in-depth analysis is required of the peculiarities of optoelectronic equipment, the structures of transmitted data, as well as of the methods and algorithms for their compression.
Angioplasty in coronary bifurcation: provisional stent technique
Authors: Abdalla Filho Roberto , Gonçalves Giancarlo , Pinton Fábio , Alves Ricardo
Published: March 2021

Bifurcation lesions are present in one out of every five percutaneous coronary interventions. Despite the progress of techniques, materials, and imaging technologies, the bifurcation approach remains challenging, and its percutaneous treatment results in higher rates of adverse cardiac events when compared to treatment of lesions with no bifurcation involvement. The best technique to treat bifurcation lesions is still a subject of debate. For most cases, the provisional technique is preferred, since it is simpler, easier, faster, less expensive, and presents better clinical results in several studies analyzed. The two-stent technique, especially the double kissing crush, has shown better results than the provisional method in complex coronary anatomies. This review aimed to discuss the rationale for using the provisional approach, describing the planning of its various stages, and establishing its main indications.
Occupational Health and Safety Performance in High-Rise Building Projects in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia, Lakhiar Muhammad Tarique , Lakhiar Muhammad Tahir ,   School of Engineering, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdullah Abd Halid ,   Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

The building industry contributed an impressive share in Pakistan's growth sector, where the construction industry contributes almost 2.74% of the GDP of Pakistan. In most metropolitan cities, the trend of building multi-story structures is at increase. However, this construction industry is a prominent accident-prone industry where laborers generally work in an unsafe environment. These projects suffer from fatal and non-fatal accidents as labor health and security are not a prime aim in the construction industry despite all employees still dealing with safety issues. This research examines the Occupational safety and health (OSH) performance in High-rise building projects in Pakistan. This review focuses on adopting qualitative approaches, using the comprehensive literature approach for seeking current practice in health and safety and OHS laws in Pakistan's building industry. Finally, it proposes a realistic strategy for developing a safe environment at workplaces. Research indicates that Pakistan's construction sector should consider workers' safety as a priority, update and enforce safety laws at the workplace to enrich OHS conditions in the Pakistani construction sector.
Umjetna inteligencija, medicina i autonomija
Authors: Bracanović Tomislav
Published: March 2021

U radu se razmatra pitanje jesu li na umjetnoj inteligenciji utemeljeni dijagnostički sustavi (AIBDS) prijetnja autonomiji pacijenata kao jednom od središnjih načela biomedicinske etike. U prvom dijelu rada objašnjava se što su AIBDS i kako funkcioniraju, s naglaskom na tehnologiji strojnog učenja i na njegovu svojstvu netransparentnosti. U drugom dijelu rada prikazuje se više paradigmatskih stavova o AIBDS-u kao prijetnji autonomiji pacijenata, uz osvrt na standardnu analizu prema kojoj ta autonomija uključuje (minimalno) tri komponente: intencionalnost, slobodu od ograničenjâ i razumijevanje. U trećem se dijelu rada argumente pro et contra teze o AIBDS-u kao prijetnji autonomiji razmatra iz perspektive pacijenata, dok ih se u četvrtom dijelu rada razmatra iz perspektive liječnika. U radu se pokazuje koliko rasprava o ovom pitanju može biti složena i koja oruđa argumentacije suprotstavljenim stranama pritom mogu stajati na raspolaganju.
Of Tinfoil Hats and Thinking Caps: Reasoning is more strongly related to Implausible than Plausible Conspiracy Beliefs
Authors: Hattersley Michael , Brown Gordon , Michael John , Ludvig Elliot Andrew
Published: March 2021

People who strongly endorse conspiracy theories typically exhibit biases in domain-general reasoning. We describe an overfitting hypothesis, according to which (a) such theories overfit conspiracy-related data at the expense of wider generalisability, and (b) reasoning biases reflect, at least in part, the need to reduce the resulting dissonance between the conspiracy theory and wider data. This hypothesis implies that reasoning biases should be more closely associated with belief in implausible conspiracy theories (e.g., the moon landing was faked) than with more plausible ones (e.g., the Russian Federation orchestrated the attack on Sergei Skripal). In two pre-registered studies, we found that endorsement of implausible conspiracy theories, but not plausible ones, was associated with reduced information sampling in an information-foraging task and with less reflective reasoning. Thus, the relationship between belief in conspiracy theories and reasoning is not homogeneous, and reasoning is not linked specifically to the “conspiracy” aspect of conspiracy theories. Instead, it may reflect an adaptive response to the tension between implausible theories and other beliefs and data.
GNA11 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that G protein subunit alpha 11, GNA11, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. GNA11 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of GNA11 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient post-progression survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of GNA11 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
The COVID States Project #46: Executive approval update
Authors: Lazer David , Uslu Ata , Quintana Alexi , Ognyanova Katherine , Baum Matthew , Perlis Roy H. , Green Jon , Gitomer Adina , Simonson Matthew , Druckman James , Santillana Mauricio , Lin Jennifer
Published: March 2021

As part of the COVID states project, we have been asking people in all 50 states about their approval of their governors and the President. Since our last report on executive approval, which examined trends through October, 2020, there have been radical shifts in the pandemic, with huge surges of cases and deaths, followed by a dramatic drop since January. Changes in executive approval during this time have been more subtle. See Figure 1 for approval trends overall, and Figure 2 for these trends separated by partisanship.
Neurofeedback and the aging brain: a systematic review of training protocols for dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Trambaiolli Lucas , Cassani Raymundo , Mehler David Marc Anton , Falk Tiago
Published: March 2021

Dementia describes a set of symptoms that occur in neurodegenerative disorders and that is characterized by gradual loss of cognitive and behavioral functions. Recently, non-invasive neurofeedback training has been explored as a potential complementary treatment for patients suffering from dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Here we systematically reviewed studies that explored neurofeedback training protocols based on electroencephalography or functional magnetic resonance imaging for these groups of patients. From a total of 1,912 screened studies, 10 were included in our final sample (N=208 independent participants in experimental and N=81 in the control groups completing the primary endpoint). We compared the clinical efficacy across studies, and evaluated their experimental designs and reporting quality. In most studies, patients showed improved scores in different cognitive tests. However, data from randomized controlled trials remains scarce, and clinical evidence based on standardized metrics is still inconclusive. In light of recent meta-research developments in the neurofeedback field and beyond, quality and reporting practices of individual studies are reviewed. We conclude with recommendations on best practices for future studies that investigate the effects of neurofeedback training in dementia and cognitive impairment.
The Origins of Boredom
Authors: Lin Yijun , Westgate Erin Corwin
Published: March 2021

Why do people experience unpleasant, aversive emotions? Boredom is associated with a wide range of mental and physical health problems, including binge eating, substance use, anxiety, and depression. Nor does boredom feel good; many people are willing to shock themselves or even view upsetting images rather than be bored. Given such evidence, is it possible that boredom has adaptive value? We argue that it does; boredom provides an important evolutionary solution to minimizing prediction error by incentivizing learning. Reducing prediction error, it has been argued, is a core organizing principle underlying cognition; however, one way to reduce error is to isolate one’s self in extremely predictable environments (i.e., the “Dark Room Problem”). We argue that boredom evolved, at least in part, to prevent this. Specifically, boredom makes such a solution affectively undesirable, by aversively signaling a lack of successful attentional engagement in a valued goal-congruent activity. To reduce this aversive state, people are motivated to re-engage in meaningful activities and reallocate attentional resources. We review evidence from behavioral science and computational modeling supporting the role of boredom in maximizing learning and reducing prediction error. Furthermore, we suggest that these functions of boredom are not only present in modern humans, but have been conserved across species. We review evidence for boredom-like states in non-human animals and argue that animals likely experience boredom due to sharing many of the same psychological and physiological components of emotion as humans. For instance, animals in under-stimulated environments, such as cages or zoos, exhibit stereotyped behavior and other responses analogous to boredom in humans, including novelty seeking and play. In doing so, we address the adaptive value of boredom and its origins and prevalence in both human and non-human animals.