Analysis of HFMD Transmissibility Among the Whole Population and Age Groups in a Large City of China
Authors: Li Peihua , Rui Jia , Niu Yan , Xie Fang , Wang Yifang , Li Zhuoyang , Liu Chan , Yu Shanshan , Huang Jiefeng , Luo Li , Deng Bin , Liu Weikang , Yang Tianlong , Li Qun , Chen Tianmu 
Published: April 2022

Background

Hand-Foot-and-Mouth-Disease (HFMD) has been widely spread in Asia, and has result in a high disease burden for children in many countries. However, the dissemination characteristics intergroup and between different age groups are still not clear. In this study, we aim to analyze the differences in the transmissibility of HFMD, in the whole population and among age groups in Shenzhen city, by utilizing mathematical models.

Methods

A database that reports HFMD cases in Shenzhen city from January 2010 to December 2017 was collected. In the first stage, a Susceptive-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model was built to fit data of Shenzhen city and its districts, andReffwas used to assess transmissibility in each district. In the second stage, a cross-age groups SIR model was constructed to calculate the difference in transmissibility of reported cases among three age groups of EV71 virus: 0–3 years, 3–5 years, and over 5 years which was denoted as age group 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Results

From 2010 to 2017, 345,807 cases of HFMD were reported in Shenzhen city, with peak incidence in spring and autumn in Shenzhen city and most of its districts each year. Analysis of the EV71 incidence data by age group revealed that age Group 1 have the highest incidence (3.13 ×10−7–2.31 ×10−4) while age group 3 had the lowest incidence (0–3.54 ×10−5). The differences in weekly incidence of EV71 between age groups were statistically significant (t12= 7.563,P&lt; 0.0001;t23= 12.420,P&lt; 0.0001;t13= 16.996,P&lt; 0.0001). TheR2of theSIRmodel Shenzhen city population-wide HFMD fit for each region was &gt;0.5, andP&lt; 0.001.Reffvalues were &gt;1 for the vast majority of time and regions, indicating that the HFMD virus has the ability to spread in Shenzhen city over the long-term. Differences inReffvalues between regions were judged by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (F= 0.541,P= 0.744).SiIiRi-SjIjRjmodels between age groups hadR2over 0.7 for all age groups and P &lt;0.001. TheReffvalues between groups show that the 0–2 years old group had the strongest transmissibility (median: 2.881, range: 0.017–9.897), followed by the over 5 years old group (median: 1.758, range: 1.005–5.279), while the 3–5 years old group (median: 1.300, range: 0.005–1.005) had the weakest transmissibility of the three groups. Intra-group transmissibility was strongest in the 0–2 years age group (median: 1.787, range: 0–9.146), followed by Group 1 to Group 2 (median: 0.287, range: 0–1.988) and finally Group 1 to Group 3 (median: 0.287, range: 0–1.988).

Conclusion

The incidence rate of HFMD is high in Shenzhen city. In the data on the incidence of EV71 in each age group, the highest incidence was in the 0–2 years age group, and the lowest incidence was in the over 5 years age group. The differences in weekly incidence rate of EV71 among age groups were statistically significant. Children with the age of 0–2 years had the highest transmissibility.