bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Produk dan Pelayanan di Starbucks Menggunakan Service Quality
Authors: A M. Rivhal , Pamungkas Hakam , Alkornen Faiz , Saleh Rachman
Published: March 2020

Pengaruh dari informasi yang beredar di masyarakat, serta persaingan yang ketat dari perusahaan kopi baik coffee shop lokal maupun coffee shop yang sudah mendunia menjadi tantangan bagi Starbucks Coffee untuk tetap mempertahankan loyalitas dari pelanggannya terkait dengan citra merek dan kualitas layanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi karakteristik konsumen, kemudian menganilisis pengaruh citra merek terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, dan menganalisis pengaruh kualitas layanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan Starbucks Coffee di Kota Tangerang Selatan lebih tepatnya dikawasan bintaro. Data primer didapatkan dari kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 30 orang responden yang didominasi oleh Laki - laki dan perempuan berusia 19-22 tahun dengan profesi sebagai mahasiswa. Dalam upaya mempertahankan konsumennya Starbucks Indonesia memberikan jaminan kepada konsumen bahwa produk-produknya memiliki kualitas yang sangat baik sehingga konsumen tidak perlu ragu untuk membelinya. Selain itu juga, dalam usahanya untuk mempertahankan konsumennya, Starbucks Indonesia juga melakukan beberapa inovasi yang bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi dan mempermudah pelanggannya. Namun, tetap saja ditemukan keluhan pelanggan atas ketidakpuasan baik dalam segi pelayanan maupun produk. Perbedaan antara harapan konsumen mengenai kinerja dari perusahaan dan penilaian konsumen mengenai kinerja aktual memberikan suatu persepsi konsumen atas kualitas jasa.
Tugas Arti Pentingnya Study HTN Darurat
Authors: Yulia Nadia Putri
Published: March 2020

Hermansihombing, merupakanhukum tatanegara(HTN)dalam keadaanbahaya,yaknisebuahrangkaianpranatadanwewenangsecaraluarbiasadanistimewauntukdalamwaktu sesingkat-singkatnya dalam menghapuskan keadaan daruratatau bahaya yangmengancam,kedalamkehidupanbiasamenurutundang-undangdanhukumyangumumdanbiasa.Sedangkanmenurut. Jimlyasshiddiqie,mengemukakan tentang hukum tata negara daruratsebagaiberikut:“olehkarenaitu,diduniaakademis,khususnyahukum tatanegaraperludibedakanantaraHTNnegarayangberlakudalam keadaanbiasaataunormaldanHTNyangberlakudalam keadaanluarbiasaatautidaknormal.HTNinilahyangkitanamakanhukum negaradarurat.Dalam praktik,disampingkondisinegaradalam keadaan biasa(ordinarycondition)ataunormal(normalcondition),kadang-kadangtimbulatauterjadikeadaanyangtidaknormal/abnormal.Keadaanyangmenimpasuatunegarayangbersifattersendirisehinggafungsi-fungsinegaradapatterusbekerjasecaraefektifdalam kedaan yang tidaknormaltersebut.Dalam keadaannormalsistem normahukum diberlakukanberdasarkankonstitusidanprodukhukum lainyangresmi.Dalam keadaantidaknormal/abnormalsistem hukumtersebutdapatberfungsidenganbaik.Makapengaturankeadaandaruratmempunyaiartipentingbagitindakangunamengatasikeadaanabnormaltersebut.Padakeadaanabnormal(darurat)pranatahukumyangdiciptakanuntukkeadaannormaltidakdapatbekerja.Hukumtatanegaradarurat(staatsnoodrecht)dibagimenjadiduamacamyaitu:.HTNDSubjektif (staatsnoodrechtsubjectip),yaituhaknegaradalam keadaandaruratuntukbertindakdengandapatmenyimpangdariundang-undangdanjikadiperlukandapatjugamenyimpangdariUUD.DasarhukumdariHTNDSubjektifadalahhukumhakasasiatauhakasasimanusia.TujuandariHTNDSubjektifadalahuntuksecepatnyadapatmelindungihakasasimanusiamasyarakatyangterancam karenakeadaanbahaya.HTNDSubjektifmerupakanhukumyangtidaktertulistetapidiakuidisemuanegaradidunia.· HTNDObjektif(staatsnoodrechtobjetip), yaituhukum yangberlakusemasanegaraberadadalamkeadaandarurat.HTNDObjektifdasarnyaadalahundang-undangyangtertulis.LahirnyaHTNobjektifadalahdikarenakanberkembangnyaajarante
Expression of the LUC7 like 3 pre-mRNA splicing factor, LUC7L3 positively correlates with survival in metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2020

Patients with metastatic breast cancer have a 5-year survival rate of 27% (1). We analyzed the transcriptional behavior of metastatic tissues from multiple organ sites in patients with breast cancer at the systems level by comparing tumor transcriptomes based on survival at 18 months using a published dataset (2). We identified the LUC7 like 3 pre-mRNA splicing factor, LUC7L3 (3) as among the genes most differentially expressed between those surviving stage IV metastatic breast cancer greater or less than 18 months. LUC7L3 was expressed at significantly higher levels in the metastatic tissues of those surviving greater than 18 months. The expression of LUC7L3 positively correlated with overall survival - in general, the greater the expression of LUC7L3 in the metastasis, the longer the patient survived. LUC7L3 is a relevant target for study in metastatic breast cancer.
Bahasa Turbo Pascal
Authors: Yusuf M.Maulana
Published: March 2020

Turbo Pascal merupakan program yang mempunyai kecepatan pemrosesan 61,5%, waktu kompilasi 97,9% lebih tinggi dan memori yang digunakan 67,6% lebih kecil dari program Fortran serta mempunyai kecepatan pemrosesan 37,5%, waktu kopilasi 25% lebih tinggi dan memori yang digunakan 48% lebih kecil dari program Turbo Basic. Hal ini disebabkan karena program Turbo Pascal merupakan program yang terstruktur yang tidak dipunyai oleh program Fortran atau Turbo Basic. Tipe Data yang Sering Digunakan di Pascalchar: hanya menampung satu karakterstring: menampung lebih dari satu karakterboolean: hanya mempunyai dua nilai True atau Falseinteger: -32.768 s/d 32.767 (gak bisa bilangan desimal)longint: -2.147.483.648 s/d -2.147.483.648(gak bisa bilangan desimal)read: 2,9 x 10-39 s/d 1,7 x 1038 (untuk menampung bilangan desimal)
KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING DATA STRUCTURE
Authors: ependi septian
Published: March 2020

Algoritma pada Struktur DataAlgoritma merupakan inti dari semua program yang merupakan urutan langkah sistematis dan dirancang untuk menyelesaikan sauatu masalah spesifik dan dengan usaha yang paling minimal.
Artikel Algoritma dan Struktur Data
Authors: W Yogga Pratama
Published: March 2020

Algoritma dan Struktur Data
Tugas pak arie
Authors: hidayat antonio alfarez
Published: March 2020

algoritma dan program
memahami struktur data dan program pascal
Authors: abrianidewioktavia
Published: March 2020

Struktur data mempunyai arti untuk mengorganisasikan data menyerupai implentasi (penerapan) menjadi lebih terstruktur .Turbo pascal menurut Bahasa program yaitu :Sekumpulan intruksi dan perintah tersusun rapih hingga memiliki urutan logika yang tepat untuk persoalan. Program adalah suatu implentasi Bahasa pemprograman intruksi atau perintah yang disusun sehingga mempunyai urutan logika hingga menyelesaikan suatu persoalan .Algoritma merupakan inti dari semua program yang berupa langkah sistematis dan dirancang untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah spesifikasi dengan usaha seminimal mungkin ,penyelesaian yang disusun secara sistematis dan logis merupakan kunci utama dari Algoritma .•Karakter Algoritma1.Input2.Output3.Definite ( jelas)4.Efektive5.Terminate ( Berakhir ) •Langkah – langkah Pembuatan Program1.mendefinisikan permasalahan 2.membuat rumusan untuk memecahkan masalah kita dapat menyusunnya dalam bentuk pseudocode ataupun flowchart ex : pseudocodeMulai Input ( Bilangan 1)Input ( Bilangan 2 )Hasil = Bilangan 1 + Bilangan 2 Output ( Hasil )Selesai.Ex : Flowchart
Sự hài lòng của sinh viên về chất lượng dịch vụ đào tạo các môn Khoa học Cơ bản tại trường Đại học Công nghệ Sài Gòn
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Van Tran thi My
Published: March 2020

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá mức độ ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố đến sự hài lòng (SHL) của sinh viên đại học về chất lượng dịch vụ đào tạo các môn Khoa học cơ bản tại trường Đại học Công nghệ Sài Gòn (STU), bằng việc khảo sát 380 sinh viên năm 1 và năm 2, công cụ Cronbach’s alpha, EFA và phân tích hồi quy bội được sử dụng, với phần mềm SPSS 20.0. Kết quả đã đưa ra được mô hình sự hài lòng của sinh viên gồm 4 nhân tố, sắp xếp theo thứ tự độ mạnh giảm dần: (1) Chi phí khóa học; (2) Đội ngũ giảng viên; (3) Chương trình đào tạo; (4) Cơ sở vật chất. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất các hàm ý quản trị đến Ban Chủ nhiệm khoa Khoa học Cơ bản nhằm nâng cao sự hài lòng của sinh viên.
Sự hài lòng của cư dân về chất lượng dịch vụ chung cư tại The Era Town
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , van Truyen Cao
Published: March 2020

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đo lường sự hài lòng của cư dân về chất lượng dịch vụ tại chung cư The Era Town (Kỷ Nguyên), Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM), bằng việc khảo sát 308 chủ hộ. Công cụ Cronbach’s alpha, EFA và phân tích hồi quy bội được sử dụng. Kết quả đã đưa ra được mô hình sự hài lòng của cư dân gồm 04 nhân tố, sắp theo thứ tự giảm tầm quan trọng: Quá trình khắc phục sự cố, Nhân viên quản lý tòa nhà, Quản lý hạ tầng kỹ thuật tòa nhà, và Đảm bảo an toàn, an ninh cho cư dân.. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất các giải pháp đến bộ phận quản lý nhằm nâng cao sự hài lòng của cư dân.
Investigation of surface settlement of ground caused by cut-and-cover tunneling in Urmia Interchange
Authors: Gharakhan Chiya
Published: March 2020

Earth's surface settlement is one of the most important tunnel drilling circumstances that has been studied by many international investigations to control its effects. This paper investigates the effect of cut-and-cover tunnel construction at the ground level adjacent to the non-surface interchange of the Urmia city, Iran. At the beginning of this research, the measurement of the Earth's ground settlement at some section of the non-surface interchange that is obtained from local surveys is provided. At the next step, it is compared with the analytical results of PLAXIS 3D and local data and soil parameters. The exact surface, obtained from the regional organization, was used to measure the Earth's ground settlement. According to the results obtained from the measurements, the maximum settlement is 9.95 mm. The calculated subsidence value of numerical modelling is lower than the results of local surveys, which may be due to the accuracy of soil laboratory parameters. At the end of the research, the actual soil parameters were obtained using recursive analysis. The measured session values are within the range of the results of other researchers.
Openings effects in reinforced concrete shear walls; a literature review on experimental and finite element studies
Authors: Borbory Ehsan
Published: March 2020

One of the types of earthquake-resistant systems is the concrete shear wall system, which has attracted the attention of engineers due to its good performance in past earthquakes. But some architectural constraints force engineers to install openings in shear walls; thus, this will affect the behavior of the shear wall. Many researchers have conducted experimental and finite element studies for assessing the effects of openings in reinforced concrete shear walls. However, there is a lack of comprehensive comparisons between different studies. This paper reviews some most recent experimental and finite element studies available in the literature and presents a review of the main contributions. This literature review reveals that the seismic responses and the stiffness of structures are influenced by the size and location of the openings in the reinforced shear wall.
Protests Decentralised: How technology enabled civil disobedience by Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protesters
Authors: Wong Janis
Published: March 2020

The proposal of the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assis- tance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 (2019年逃犯及刑事事宜相互法律協助法例(修訂)條例草 案) (FOMLA) by the Hong Kong government, aimed at closing the gap for extradition to Taiwan, Macau, and Mainland China, sparked dozens of city-wide protests as demonstrators feared it would erode Hong Kong’s legal system, including rights to privacy and data protection, under the Hong Kong Basic Law (HKBL).Facilitated by technology, the leaderless, decentralised demonstrations furthered the anti-extradition bill protests by establishing legitimacy, participation, trust, and privacy be- tween citizens under the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ frame- work. Based on these themes, this paper assesses how Hong Kong protesters found novel uses of technology such as Tele- gram, Apple Airdrop, cash and untraceable transactions, LIHKG Forum, and protest livestreams to self-organise, demon- strate their support for the movement, and maintain its mo- mentum. The protesters’ use of technology also shaped Twit- ter, Facebook, and Youtube policies, removing bot accounts and state-sponsored disinformation from their platforms.Learning from the city’s past protests, arrests, and convic- tions, this paper illustrates how Hong Kong protesters trans- formed their use of technology as a means to protect their personal identities, preserve their rights enshrined under the HKBL, and strive for democratic freedoms.
Availability of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapies (iCBTs) for depression: A systematic review
Authors: Buss John , Lorenzo-Luaces Lorenzo , Banks Gregory , Horani Deena , Rutter Lauren , Wasil Akash R
Published: March 2020

Background: We examined the availability and components of internet-basedcognitive-behavioral therapies (iCBTs) for depression tested in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs).Objectives: The objectives of this literature review were to determine the extent to which research-validated iCBTs were available to the public, as well as to determine their therapeutic content.Methods: A literature review of randomized controlled trials for iCBTs was conducted on July 30th, 2021. In each iCBT, interventions were disaggregated into treatment modules, comporting to prior work, and compared to commercially available smartphone apps.Results: Our search yielded 80 studies that used 41 unique iCBTs. Of these, only six (15%) were completely available to the public, more than half were not publicly available (46%), and the remaining 39% were available but had some restrictions (e.g., those based on the user’s geographical location). When comparing iCBTs to commercially available smartphone apps, we found that iCBTs were more likely to contain psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, problem-solving, and interpersonal communication components.Conclusions: iCBTs contain evidence-based content, but few are available to the public. Extending beyond efficacy, attention should be paid to the dissemination of iCBTs.
Elements, structure and dynamics of the mind-brain system. A model based on 'Cognitive Feature Detectors'
Authors: Fernandez Damien Nicolas
Published: March 2020

General principles of a unified theory of cognition and its relationships with the brainare outlined, integrating insights from several existing theories and approaches. Structure, dynamics, and development of the neural/cognitive system are described. Cognitive Feature Detectors (CFDs) are the fundamental units: they have a (minimalist) semantic value, strictly related to their location in a cognitive space. A cognitivo-neural isomorphism is postulated between CFDs in this cognitive space, and single (or small sets of) neurons in the neural network. The cognitive space is made of two parts (executive and perceptive), densely connected, both hierarchically organized and clustered in cognitive maps. Within maps, inhibitory connections implement competition between incompatible CFDs. This theoretical sketch is hoped to help addressing general theoretical issues such as the relationship between brain and mind, on the basis of the neural localization of cognitive elements.
“Like Static Noise in a Beautiful Landscape”: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Rationales and Features of Disliked Voices in Popular Music
Authors: Merrill Julia , Ackermann Taren-Ida
Published: March 2020

The use of the voice in everyday communication is vital for our understanding of human interaction. The singing of popular music often amplifies vocal features from speech, which can provide insights into vocal activity in the context of the intense emotional impact of music. Three studies with a mixed-methods approach aimed at evaluating rationales and features of disliked voices in the context of popular music. In an interview study (N = 20), rationales and features for disliked voices were identified using self-selected voices. In a group testing session (N = 48) and an online survey (N = 216), these disliked voices were presented to new participants, and the vocal features and evoked emotions by the singers were investigated, assuming that the participants did not have strong opinions about the voices. The results showed that participants justified their dislikes based on object-related/sound and emotional reasons, similar to findings from studies on musical taste. Specific features of disliked voices were confirmed in the following studies, including a specific feature of popular singing styles, the twang, perceived as a squeaky and nasal sound. Further disliked features include a pressed sound, imprecise and ordinary articulation and a uniform expression. Notably, a rough voice was no predictor of aesthetic judgments. Evoked feelings relate to vocal features with similar tension levels. The measures created in the current study will also be informative for studying voice perception and evaluation more generally, which is a tool to evaluate vocal expression and items to evaluate reasons for disliked voices.
Book Review: Accounting for Cognitive Costs: Can Scientists be Creative? Dr. Holyoak's Spider's Thread (forthcoming - Philosophical Psychology)
Authors: Modrek Anahid
Published: March 2020

Long have scientists – renowned, trained experts – effectively answered questions within their niche. The mastery scientists offer within their area of expertise is not only indispensable, but advantageous if such knowledge itself is to remain indispensable and applicable to other domains. Why then do so many experts stay confined to applying their knowledge within their routine realm? Can scientists apply and contribute their expertise into the arts, and vice versa? The Spider’s Thread: Metaphor in Mind, Brain, and Poetry by Dr. Keith Holyoak addresses this disconnect between science and art beginning with discussions of neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics, to creative writing in poetry, and identifies and proposes potential methods of interconnection and cross-disciplinary proficiency for psychologists, scientists, and artists alike. This work builds on previous research demonstrating metaphor, a type of analogical reasoning, as a mechanism for learning, and helps the reader comprehend ways in which understanding a relation in one domain can extend to understanding a relation across another domain, so that we can move beyond understanding what we already know, to actually applying analogies in novel contexts for broader, cross-disciplinary, proficiency. This book broadly refers to all major sectors ranging from linguistics, to neuroscience, poetry, and finally to education. It is a wonderful resource for academics, students, artists and scientists alike who are interested in broadening their own comprehension, and expertise, across discipline, as well as creating connections between otherwise disconnected domains.
Monitoramento do Coronavírus (Covid-19) nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Dagnino Ricardo , Weber Eliseu José , Panitz Lucas Manassi
Published: March 2020

Este material é um produto do projeto de pesquisa Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) do Litoral Norte registrado na Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (https://www.ufrgs.br/sig/mapas/covid19-rs/). Serão apresentados alguns dados sobre o contágio de coronavírus (Covid-19) nos municípios gaúchos. Preparamos tabelas, gráficos e muitos mapas baseados nos dados da Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul atualizados para os municípios gaúchos até o dia 26/03/2020. O painel de dados que apresentamos baseado em ArcGis Online pode ser visualizado em telefones (https://bit.ly/covid19_movel) e computador (https://bit.ly/covid19_desktop). Nossa intenção é contribuir com o fornecimento de dados atualizados para a população, combater a desinformação e a subnotificação de casos de Coronavírus (Covid-19).
State violence, party formation, and electoral accountability: The political legacy of the Marikana massacre
Authors: de Kadt Daniel , Johnson-Kanu Ada , Sands Melissa L
Published: March 2020

Democratic governments sometimes use violence against their people, yet little is know about the electoral consequences of these events. Studying South Africa's Marikana massacre, we document how a new opposition party formed as a direct result of violence, quantify significant electoral losses for the incumbent, and show that those losses were driven by voters switching from the incumbent to the new party. Three lessons emerge. First, incumbents who preside over state violence may be held electorally accountable by voters. Second, such accountability seemingly depends on the existence of credible opposition parties that can serve as a vector for disaffected voters. Where such parties do not exist, violence may create political cleavages that facilitate the formalization of opposition movements. Third, immediate physical or social proximity to violence is correlated with holding incumbents accountable.
The Dynamic Process of Racial Steering in U.S. Housing Markets
Authors: Hall Matthew , Timberlake Jeff , Johns-Wolfe Elaina , Currit Alex
Published: March 2020

Housing discrimination has long been thought to contribute to the persistence of racial segregation, yet evidence indicates that explicit forms of housing discrimination have waned. We argue that past work has not fully considered the role of racial steering in maintaining segregation. To explore patterns of steering, we use the 2012 Housing Discrimination Study along with Census data on the neighborhood racial and socioeconomic composition of housing units shown to testers. We leverage the experimental design of the audits to examine how neighborhoods of homes shown to auditors change dynamically throughout the search process and to assess the conditions under which steering is most likely. As with past research, we find no evidence of steering in Asian-White or Hispanic-White audits. However, we find consistent evidence that Black testers are steered away from White neighborhoods and toward Blacker ones, particularly for female homeseekers and those with children. We also find that steering occurs relatively early in the search process and is heightened when searches begin in racially-homogenous neighborhoods. These findings support arguments that the steering of Black homeseekers serves as a modest but stubborn mechanism by which segregation is maintained, and highlight the intersectionality of race and gender in determining outcomes.
LANGUAGE IN DIGITAL AGE: THE ENQUIRY OF SOCIAL PRACTICE
Authors: Mulia Vilya L. C.
Published: March 2020

Humans find various choices in their lives by technology. This development is said as improvement of human’s civilization. However, some effects happen in this disruption era. The effects include labor and inter-generational communication. Among required skills, language acquires heterogeneous benefits, even its existence remain primary issue. Language skill is virtue in every generation.
Sharing Data and Code: A Comment on the Call for the Adoption of More Transparent Research Practices in Sport and Exercise Science
Authors: Borg David N , Bon Joshua J , Sainani Kristin , Baguley Brenton J , Tierney Nicholas J , Drovandi Christopher
Published: March 2020

This commentary discusses data and code sharing in sport and exercise science research.
Performance Comparisons Of Hybrid Fuzzy-LQR And Hybrid PID-LQR Controllers On Stabilizing Double Rotary Inverted Pendulum
Authors: Adamu Jamilu Kamilu , Hamza Mukhtar Fatihu , Isa Abdulbasid Ismail
Published: March 2020

Double Rotary Inverted Pendulum (DRIP) is a member of the mechanical under-actuated system which is unstable and nonlinear. The DRIP has been widely used for testing different control algorithms in both simulation and experiments. The DRIP control objectives include Stabilization control, Swing-up control and trajectory tracking control. In this research, we present the design of an intelligent controller called “hybrid Fuzzy-LQR controller” for the DRIP system. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is combined with a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). The LQR is included to improve the performance based on full state feedback control. The FLC is used to accommodate nonlinearity based on its IF-THEN rules. The proposed controller was compared with the Hybrid PID-LQR controller. Simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid Fuzzy-LQR controllers demonstrate a better performance compared with the hybrid PID-LQR controller especially in the presence of disturbances.
Milrinone for refractory cerebral vasospasm with delayed cerebral ischemia
Authors: Abulhasan Yasser B. , Ortiz Jimenez Johanna , Teitelbaum Jeanne , Simoneau Gabrielle , Angle Mark R.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Intravenous (IV) milrinone is a promising option for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, data remain limited on the efficacy of treating cases that are refractory to standard therapy with IV milrinone. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of refractory vasospasm/DCI despite treatment with IV milrinone, and to analyze the outcome of rescue therapy with intraarterial (IA) milrinone and/or mechanical angioplasty.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with aSAH admitted between 2010 and 2016 to the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: no DCI, standard therapy, and rescue therapy. The primary outcome was frequency of DCI-related cerebral infarction identified on neuroimaging before hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome reported as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, and segment reversal of refractory vasospasm.

RESULTS

The cohort included 322 patients: 212 in the no DCI group, 89 in the standard therapy group, and 21 in the rescue therapy group. Approximately half (52%, 168/322) were admitted with poor-grade aSAH at treatment decision (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade III–V). Among patients with DCI and imaging assessing severity of vasospasm, 62% (68/109) had moderate/severe radiological vasospasm on DCI presentation. Nineteen percent (21/110) of patients had refractory vasospasm/DCI and were treated with rescue therapy. Targeted rescue therapy with IA milrinone reversed 32% (29/91) of the refractory vasospastic vessels, and 76% (16/21) of those patients experienced significant improvement in their neurological status within 24 hours of initiating therapy. Moderate/severe radiological vasospasm independently predicted the need for rescue therapy (OR 27, 95% CI 8.01–112). Of patients with neuroimaging before discharge, 40% (112/277) had developed new cerebral infarcts, and only 21% (23/112) of these were vasospasm-related. Overall, 65% (204/314) of patients had a favorable functional outcome (mRS score 0–2) assessed at a median of 4 months (interquartile range 2–8 months) after aSAH, and there was no difference in functional outcome between the 3 groups (p = 0.512).

CONCLUSIONS

The aggressive use of milrinone was safe and effective based on this retrospective study cohort and is a promising therapy for the treatment of vasospasm/DCI after aSAH.
Preoperative embolization versus no embolization for WHO grade I intracranial meningioma: a retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Przybylowski Colin J. , Zhao Xiaochun , Baranoski Jacob F. , Borba Moreira Leandro , Gandhi Sirin , Chapple Kristina M. , Almefty Kaith K. , Sanai Nader , Ducruet Andrew F. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Little Andrew S. , Nakaji Peter
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

The controversy continues over the clinical utility of preoperative embolization for reducing tumor vascularity of intracranial meningiomas prior to resection. Previous studies comparing embolization and nonembolization patients have not controlled for detailed tumor parameters before assessing outcomes.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the cases of all patients who underwent resection of a WHO grade I intracranial meningioma at their institution from 2008 to 2016. Propensity score matching was used to generate embolization and nonembolization cohorts of 52 patients each, and a retrospective review of clinical and radiological outcomes was performed.

RESULTS

In total, 52 consecutive patients who underwent embolization (mean follow-up 34.8 ± 31.5 months) were compared to 52 patients who did not undergo embolization (mean follow-up 32.8 ± 28.7 months; p = 0.63). Variables controlled for included patient age (p = 0.82), tumor laterality (p > 0.99), tumor location (p > 0.99), tumor diameter (p = 0.07), tumor invasion into a major dural sinus (p > 0.99), and tumor encasement around the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery (p > 0.99). The embolization and nonembolization cohorts did not differ in terms of estimated blood loss during surgery (660.4 ± 637.1 ml vs 509.2 ± 422.0 ml; p = 0.17), Simpson grade IV resection (32.7% vs 25.0%; p = 0.39), perioperative procedural complications (26.9% vs 19.2%; p = 0.35), development of permanent new neurological deficits (5.8% vs 7.7%; p = 0.70), or favorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (a score of 0–2) at last follow-up (96.0% vs 92.3%; p = 0.43), respectively. When comparing the final mRS score to the preoperative mRS score, patients in the embolization group were more likely than patients in the nonembolization group to have an improvement in mRS score (50.0% vs 28.8%; p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

After controlling for patient age, tumor size, tumor laterality, tumor location, tumor invasion into a major dural sinus, and tumor encasement of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery, preoperative meningioma embolization intended to decrease tumor vascularity did not improve the surgical outcomes of patients with WHO grade I intracranial meningiomas, but it did lead to a greater chance of clinical improvement compared to patients not treated with embolization.
Blindness Above And Below The Poverty Line: Reflections from Sofala, Mozambique
Authors: Roba Assegid , Chagunda Margarida , Machissa Tiago
Published: March 2020

Objective: Although the correlation between visual impairment and poverty has been established, economic assessment is not a standard component of blindness surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avoidable blindness and its association with poverty in Sofala province of Mozambique. Methods: As part of a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, 94% of a random sample of 3600 people >50 years responded to questions regarding daily per capita expenditure. The WHO definition of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) was used to determine the visual status of participants, and the World Bank’s threshold of living on <$1.25 International Dollar a day demarcated the poverty line. Results: The prevalence of blindness was 3.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8]. People living below the poverty line had a significantly greater odds of being blind [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (CI: 1.6 to 4.5)]. Age above 60 [OR: 7.0 [CI: 4.6 to 10.80] predicted blindness but the association with illiteracy, gender or rural residence was not significant. Conclusions: Blindness disproportionately affects people living below the poverty line. Development initiatives could augment the impact of blindness prevention programs. Measuring poverty should become a standard component of visual impairment surveys.
TRANSFORMASI TOKOH BISMA DALAM CERPEN “PEREMPUAN YANG INGIN MEMBUNUH BISMA” KARYA GANUG NUGROHO ADI
Authors: Nasihin Agus
Published: March 2020

Transformasi dalam bentuk karya sastra modern merupakan salah satu upaya pelestarian, pemertahanan eksistensi, dan penafsiran kembali konsep, nilai, dan norma-norma lama secara kontekstual. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya contoh analisis terhadap karya sastra yang berlatar belakang transformasi. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu contoh analisis terhadap cerpen “Perempuan yang Ingin Membunuh Bisma” karya Ganug Nugroho Adi. Penelitian terhadap cerpen ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bentuk transformasinya. Berdasar pada kisah pewayangan Bisma, transformasi secara utuh terjadi pada alur cerpen “Perempuan yang Ingin Membunuh Bisma”. Tidak ada alur peristiwa yang menyimpang dari hipogramnya. Demikian pula dengan nama-nama tokoh yang muncul dalam cerpen ini sama persis dengan nama-nama dalam kisah pewayangan tentang kehidupan Bisma. Yang membedakan cerpen “Perempuan yang Ingin Membunuh Bisma” dengan hipogramnya adalah penguatan pada unsur tema dan pemuatan nilai-nilai ideologis feminisme.

 

Kata kunci: transformasi, hipogram, cerita pendek
ANALISIS BENTUK PENYIASATAN STRUKTUR PADA NOVEL RUMAH TANPA JENDELA KARYA ASMA NADIA
Authors: Kapsah Kapsah , Husnul Mawadah Ade , Tisnasari Sundawati
Published: March 2020

This study analyzes the novel using a statistical approach. The research method is a qualitative-descriptive method. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of structuring that is contained in the novel House without Windows by Asma Nadia. As for data collected through library research research techniques, see techniques and note techniques. The data used in this study are excerpts from the novel that are the source of the data. The source of the data in this study is the novel House without Windows by Asma Nadia. In addition, the data obtained are classified based on their shape in order to facilitate the analysis. Data analyzed are data that have been tested for validity by validators who are experts in their fields. Referring to the knife analysis of the stylistic approach, we found a form of structural alignment. So, it can be concluded that the form of structuring data obtained from the novel House without Window by Asma Nadia 55 data with detailed data, 9 data repetition, 4 data parallelism, 7 data anaphora, 9 data antithesis, 7 data alliteration, climax as much as 1 data, asindeton as much as 13 data, rhetorical questions as much as 4 data, and polisidenton as much as 1 data. While the least data found was polysindeton and climax data, and no anticlimactic data was found.
Cris et chuchotements : la citoyenneté au cœur de l’enseignement de l’histoire au Québec
Authors: Éthier Marc-André , Cardin Jean-François , Lefrançois David
Published: March 2020

Résumé Cet article propose une interprétation divergente de la controverse sur les programmes d’enseignement de l’histoire du Québec. Il soutient que les opposants au programme se trompent lorsqu’ils affirment que l’éducation à la citoyenneté est une nouveauté. Depuis le rapport Parent, l’histoire devrait familiariser les élèves avec l’attitude et la méthode des historiens, pour en faire des citoyens plus autonomes, critiques et rationnels. Les auteurs de ce texte appuient cet aspect du programme, mais déplorent le rôle de l’école dans la reproduction sociale. L’article montre que ce programme repose sur un nationalisme civique québécois, et non sur le fédéralisme, et que certains historiens et sociologues critiques du programme défendent en fait un nationalisme chauvin. Les auteurs considèrent que la lutte contre l’oppression nationale des Québécois a plus à gagner avec la formation de l’esprit critique qu’avec la mémorisation d’un récit apologétique et qu’avec l’endoctrinement, quel qu’il soit. Enfin, l’article tient ce débat non pour le signe d’une tare propre au Québec, mais pour une situation normale qui trouve son pendant ailleurs.   Abstract This article offers a new and different interpretation of the controversy surrounding the history curriculum in Quebec. It argues that the opponents of the current program are mistaken in claiming that its emphasis on citizenship education is a new development. Since the Parent report, the history curriculum has attempted to expose students to the approaches and methods used by historians, with the goal of making them into more autonomous, critical, and rational citizens. The authors support that aim, but deplore the role played by schools in social reproduction. They demonstrate that the current program is based around civic Québécois nationalism, and not support for federalism, and that some historians and sociologists who have criticized it are in fact proponents of a more chauvinistic nationalism. The authors believe that Quebec’s struggle against national oppression will benefit more from the development of critical thinking among students than from the memorization of justificatory narratives or indoctrination of any type. Finally, rather than viewing this debate as a problem unique to Quebec, the article asserts that it has numerous precedents elsewhere in the world.
Challenging History: Educating the Public about the Japanese Canadian Experience in British Columbia
Authors: Wood Alexandra L.
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that a shared reluctance to confront the causes and consequences of historical injustices endured by ethno-cultural minorities has hampered efforts by educators and activists in British Columbia to inform the public about Japanese Canadian internment during World War II. This reluctance was felt keenly by internment survivors, whose sense of trust in the wider civic community has not yet been re-established. Meanwhile, a desire to “turn the page” on past wrongs — for fear that drawing attention to such episodes generates inter-ethnic tension rather than promotes unity amongst Canada’s multicultural populace — has hindered federal and provincial involvement in educational activities related to WWII internment. Yet as this study suggests, refusal to participate in collective renegotiations of public memory about historical injustices does little to repair the relationship between the wronged group and wider public, or to prevent similar injustices from occurring again in the future.RÉSUMÉCet article décrit les efforts entrepris par des éducateurs et des activistes pour informer la population de la Colombie Britannique au sujet de l’internement des Canadiens d’origine japonaisependant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ils durent faire face à une forte résistance du public qui refusait de confronter les causes et les conséquences des injustices subies par les minorités ethnoculturelles à cette époque. Les victimes de l’internement ont ressenti vivement cette dénégation d’autant plus qu’ils n’ont pas réussi à rétablir complètement la confiance au sein de la collectivité. En même temps, l’envie de « tourner la page » sur les maux du passé — motivée par la crainte que le fait d’attirer l’attention sur de tels épisodes génère de la tension interethnique au lieu de promouvoir l’unité dans une population multiculturelle — a fait obstacle aux activités éducatives mises en place par les gouvernements provincial et fédéral quant à l’internement. Mais, comme le suggère cette étude, le refus collectif d’affronter ces injustices historiques nepeut que nuire au rapprochement entre le groupe lésé et la société toute entière ainsi qu’à la prévention de telles injustices dans l’avenir.
The First Fifty Years of the École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Montréal: From “School of Higher Studies” to University Business School
Authors: McKeagan David
Published: March 2020

Abstract:The École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Montréal (HEC) held its first classes in September, 1910. The academic program which was transplanted from Belgium was chosen by Quebec political leaders. Its content was aimed at training men for the diplomatic corps and international commerce. Montreal businessmen saw no need to hire men with such training. It took nearly fifty years of conflict between the Montreal business community and conservative forces within Quebec society before this legacy was overcome. Eventually, candidates were better schooled to give them a chance to become leaders in the Quebec business community. HEC’s early history is a mirror of a wider struggle to gain equal recognition for practical training in medicine, engineering, and business which faced strong resistance from an elite trained in the humanistic tradition.Résumé:L’École des hautes études commerciales de Montréal (HEC) a offert ses premier cours en septembre 1910. Son programme d’études, emprunté à la Belgique, a été choisi par des chefs politiques québécois. Il visait à former des diplomates et des spécialistes du commerce extérieur. Pour leur part, les hommes d’affaires montréalais ne voyaient pas l’utilité d’embaucher des diplômés avec ce genre de formation. Il a fallu presque cinquante ans de conflit entre la communauté des affaires montréalaise et les forces conservatrices dans la société québécoise pour triompher de cet héritage. À la longue, la formation des étudiants de l’École s’améliora et ils purent avoir davantage d’opportunités pour devenir des membres importants du milieu d’affaires québécois. L’histoire des débuts de la HEC reflète une lutte plus grande encore pour une reconnaissance équivalente de la formation professionnelle que ce soit en médecine, en génie ou dans le commerce de la part d’une élite formée à la tradition humaniste.
Smoking, vaping and hospitalization for COVID-19
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Barbouni Anastasia , Niaura Raymond
Published: March 2020

The study presents an analysis of the current smoking prevalence among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China, compared to the population smoking prevalence in China (52.1% in males and 2.7% in females). We identified 6 studies examining the clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients that presented data on the smoking status. The expected number of smokers was calculated using the formula Expected smokers = (males x 0.521) + (females x 0.027). An unusually low prevalence of current smoking was observed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients (9.6%, 95%CI: 8.2-11.1%) compared to the expected prevalence based on smoking prevalence in China (31.2%, 95%CI: 29.0-33.4%; z-statistic: 19.16, P < 0.0001). This preliminary analysis does not support the argument that current smoking is a risk factor for hospitalization for COVID-19, and might even suggest a protective role. The latter could be linked to the downregulation of ACE2 expression that has been previously known to be induced by smoking. However, other confounding factors need to be considered and the accuracy of the recorded smoking status needs to be determined before making any firm conclusions. As a result, the generalized advice on quitting smoking as a measure to improve health risk remains valid, but no recommendation can be currently made concerning the effects of smoking on the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19. No studies recording e-cigarette use status among hospitalized COVID-19 patients were identified. Thus, no recommendation can be made for e-cigarette users.
Keywords. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, ACE2, expression, susceptibility, smoking, hospitalization, electronic cigarette.
EVALUATION OF BUCKWHEAT FOR MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES
Authors: Ahmed Anwaar , Rani Humaira , Amir Rai Muhammad , Khalid Tabinda , Khalid Naeem
Published: March 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a genetic and endocrine system disease that creates injurious health effects not in Pakistan but throughout the world. Several functional compounds are present in buckwheat which has distinct biological properties of cholesterollowering, anti-hypertension, improving constipation and obesity. The recent research was directed to study the nutritional and hypoglycemic effect of buckwheat in Type 2 diabetic rats induced by alloxan. Methods: Two varieties of buckwheat were examined for their nutritional composition and mineral content according to the methods of AACC (2000) while antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH and a spectrophotometer. Alloxan induced diabetic mice were applied to investigate the blood-glucose-lowering effect of common buckwheat extract (CBE) and Tartary buckwheat extract (TBE). After type 2 diabetic induced rats were separated randomly into three groups. Results: The results revealed that Common buckwheat flour (CBF) contains12. 93% crude protein, 2.39% crude fat, 9.42% crude fiber and 2.90% ash content, while Tartary buckwheat flour (TBF) contains14.88% crude protein, 3.47% crude fat, 12.03% crude fiber, and 2.86% ash content. TBF contains significantly higher minerals as compared to CBF and also exhibited higher antioxidant activity. The results for diabetes-induced mice showed a significant difference for fasting blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test and body weight among control diabetic mice (group I) and diabetic mice given the CBE (group II) and TBE (group III). The fasting blood glucose level of group I increased while it decreased in group II and group III over time. Group II and group III had more glucose tolerance as compared to group I. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that TBF contains higher nutritional contact as compared to CBF. Furthermore, it was indicated that the oral administration of CBE and TBE could lower the blood glucose level and can increase glucose tolerance effectively.
IMPROVING FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY OF VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES - AN INTEGRATED NUTRITION SENSITIVE APPROACH
Authors: Habib Aaliya , Bajwa Muhammad Aslam , Omer Naureen , Bangash Omer Ahmed , Ahmed Zulfiqar
Published: March 2020

Background: Food and Nutrition Security is a multilevel and complex construct, needing a holistic developmental approach, including multiple stakeholders. These projects were implemented by local partners, Lasoona and Doaba Foundation addressing food availability, access, use, utilization, and sustainability through a multi-sectoral approach. The aim of the evaluation was to provide a comprehensive assessment of Food and Nutrition Security projects (1086 and 1087) based on OECD DAC evaluation criteria. Methods: Mixed method approach, quasi-experimental design was used, including desk review, key informant interviews, focus group discussions with target communities, structured interviews of beneficiaries using Household Food Insecurity Assessment Scale (HIFAS) and Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP) scale. Results: According to the HIFAS results, Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) including Kohistan & Sawat were vulnerable with 34% and 15.78 % households facing food insecurity respectively. While in Muzaffargarh, a district of Punjab, 47% households were facing food insecurity. HDDS and IDDS improved considerably in all districts of KP and Punjab. Conclusion: The evaluated projects were social change projects sowing the seeds of a major social paradigm shift - changing the status of women at household and community level. Awareness of malnutrition and balanced diet through community volunteers, peer educators, social mobilizers and outreach workers played a pivotal role. Access and availability of diversified and nutritious food via kitchen gardens and plantation of trees with the use of organic fertilizers was encouraged.