bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inserción del exemplum medieval en el Libro de Buen Amor
Authors: Biglieri Aníbal A.
Published: December 2013

Uno de los problemas más arduos y controvertidos en la crítica del Libro de buen amor consiste en determinar si en su composición se puede descubrir una verdadera unidad estructural o si se presenta como una colección más o menos desordenada de materiales heterogéneos. Este artículo no se propone resolver la cuestión, sino replantearla desde otra perspectiva, mucho menos amplia que la visión de conjunto trazada por tantos estudiosos del Libro, pero que aún requiere algunas precisiones y espera todavía un examen más pormenorizado de los textos: se trata de averiguar si los exempla quedan firmemente sometidos a las exigencias de la historia principal o si, por el contrario, tienden a independizarse de ésta y cobrar vida propia.
Consideraciones sobre unos epigramas de Owen atribuidos a Valle y Caviedes
Authors: García-Abrines Calvo Luis
Published: December 2013

Este artículo muestra que todas las agudezas que han venido atribuyéndose a Juan del Valle y Caviedes (1645-1693) son, en realidad, de John Owen (1560-1622). Este publicó una colección de epigramas, Epigrammatum Libri Tres (Londres, 1606), obra que fue traducida por Francisco de la Torre y Sevil (1625-1681), Agudezas de Juan Oven traducidas en metro castellano (Madrid, 1674). El que no sean de Juan del Valle y Caviedes no perjudica en absoluto a nuestro poeta. Al contrario, es hacerle un gran favor. El conceptista andaluz era mucho más agudo que el Marcial inglés.
El árabe /kanīsa/ 'iglesia' en la toponimia española
Authors: Peñarroja Torrejón Leopoldo
Published: December 2013

Las fuentes árabes medievales hacen uso del término /kanīsa/ para aludir a una iglesia cristiana, ya de los reinos del norte, hispánicos o extrahispánicos, ya de la población mozárabe de Al-Andalus, Las transliteraciones latinas del generalizado /kanīsa/ difieren poco y conservan un ductus consonántico k.n.s. Esto es lo que todos aceptábamos hasta que recientemente se ha discutido el sentido de los derivados de / kanīsa/ en la toponimia española. Como, por fortuna, son bastantes los materiales que resuelven esta duda, el autor trata aquí de fijar el sentido de este arabismo, verificar su uso en las fuentes hispanoárabes y señalar sus continuaciones en la toponimia hispánica.
Consideraciones sobre las estrofas 2.538-2.549 del Libro de Alexandre y el término tendal
Authors: Andres-Suárez Irene
Published: December 2013

Las estrofas acotadas para esta exposición se centran en la arquitectura de la tienda de Alejandro Magno, una de las más lujosas de nuestra literatura medieval, y que merecen más atención de la que han recibido hasta ahora. No hay que perder de vista que tanto las tiendas de campaña como las de viaje constituían la verdadera morada interina o provisoria de la Edad Media. Es evidente que los escritores medievales mezclan a menudo realidad y fantasía, cayendo fácilmente en los superlativos. El poeta anónimo de nuestro Libro de Alexandre no escapa a esta tentación a la hora de ponderar los destellos de la iluminación interior, originados por las piedras preciosas del mástil, la maestría y perfección de las pinturas realizadas por Apeles; sin embargo, hay que decir que en lo que respecta a los elementos compositivos de la tienda propiamente dicha, así como a los materiales utilizados en su elaboración, se ajusta fielmente a la realidad, como se demuestra en este trabajo.
Una clase olvidada de oraciones sustantivas
Authors: Lope Blanch Juan M.
Published: December 2013

Si escasa había sido la fortuna de las oraciones prepositivas (o regidas), nula por completo ha sido la de otra clase de oraciones sustantivas, que ha escapado a las indagaciones de los gramáticos y en la que el autor de este trabajo tampoco había reparado hasta ahora: cuando la función de "agente de voz pasiva" corre a cargo de toda una oración gramatical, lógicamente habrá de clasificarse como "oración subordinada sustantiva agente de pasiva". Como sucede también en gran parte de las demás clases de oraciones sustantivas, las agentes de pasiva son formalmente oraciones adjetivas de relativo sustantivadas funcionalmente
Don Alvaro Tarfe: el personaje morisco de Avellaneda y su variante cervantina
Authors: Carrasco Urgoiti M.ª Soledad
Published: December 2013

El nombre "don Alvaro Tarfe" evoca una figura dual que componen dos personajes literarios, el de Avellaneda y el de Cervantes. Este artículo se centra en el valor referencial de los personajes, y tiene en cuenta el tratamiento que en otras obras de ficción recibe el sector social que representan, así como el juego dialéctico que relaciona entre sí los libros a que pertenecen.
Vida y versos de Luis Quiñones de Benavente
Authors: Madroñal Durán Abraham
Published: December 2013

Poco se sabía hasta ahora del más grande entremesista de su tiempo y padre del género, el toledano Luis de Benavente. Los datos seguros se resumían en muy pocas palabras: nació en Toledo, fue licenciado y murió en 1651, y ni siquiera todas esas afirmaciones se podían sostener en documentos localizados sobre tan curioso personaje. Como siempre que faltan los datos sobre un autor célebre surgen las hipótesis que intentan sustituidos, y así se han aventurado las más curiosas teorías sobre su origen familiar, estudios, profesión, etcétera. Hoy, afortunadamente, disponemos de algún dato documental más que nos permita perfilar su biografía. Por otra parte, Benavente no fue muy amigo de escribir poesías. Sin embargo, sí contribuyó a la Congregación del Cristo del Olivar con cierta frecuencia, por lo menos desde que perteneció a ella (¿1625?) hasta su muerte. Estas composiciones se conservan gracias a que fueron recogidas en sendas publicaciones de Martínez Grimaldo. En todas estas muestras de su poesía podemos apreciar el gran ingenio del entremesista, sus procedimientos humorísticos y, también, su habilidad para versificar. Dado su notable interés, se reproducen acompañadas de algún breve comentario.
Isoglosas internas del castellano. El sistema referencial del pronombre átono de tercera persona
Authors: Fernández-Ordóñez Inés
Published: December 2013

Ya los gramáticos de los siglos XVI y XVII señalan cómo el mundo castellanohablante peninsular aparece claramente dividido entre aquellos que utilizan los pronombres átonos, le, la y lo (y sus plurales), de acuerdo con distinciones funcionales de caso y aquellos que no las respetan y caen en los usos conocidos como leísmo, laísmo y loísmo. Sin embargo, dicha percepción no ha ido acompañada de hipótesis que expliquen satisfactoriamente esos fenómenos en su indudable complejidad. Ante estas carencias, la autora de este trabajo inició una investigación dirigida a establecer la demarcación exacta de los usos referenciales dentro de la Península y a comprobar la existencia y el funcionamiento del sistema descrito por Klein-Andreu. Gracias a los datos recogidos y a los que se pueden espigar de distintas monografías dialectales y sintácticas, ha podido reconstruir en rasgos generales y de forma preliminar la distribución geográfica de los usos referenciales y certificar que éstos no constituyen un sistema unitario, sino que existen varios sistemas pronominales (de carácter total o parcialmente referencial) cuya demarcación interna no está por ahora bien delimitada. El modo en que esos sistemas se reparten sobre la península permite acometer un intento de explicación histórica sobre la génesis y la difusión del fenómeno.
Las jarchas romances en la edición de la ‛Uddat al-jalīs realizada por A. Jones
Authors: Galmés de Fuentes Álvaro
Published: December 2013

Análisis crítico de la edición que A. Jones ha llevado a cabo del texto íntegro del manuscrito de Ibn Bušra, descubierto por G. S. Colin en 1948, y que constituye el corpus más importante de muasajas árabes con jarchas en lengua romance o en árabe andalusí.
Early predictors of future reading skills: A follow-up of French-speaking children from the beginning of kindergarten to the end of the second grade (age 5 to 8)
Authors: Piquard-Kipffer Agnès , Sprenger-Charolles Liliane
Published: December 2013

Résumé Dans cet article sont présentés les résultats de deux études sur les prédicteurs précoces du futur niveau de lecture. L’objectif principal de la première étude était d’examiner si le niveau de lecture à 8 ans peut être prédit par une compétence précoce très rarement examinée: la discrimination phonémique. Deux groupes d’enfants ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leurs compétences en discrimination phonémique à 5 ans : un groupe avec des faibles compétences et un groupe avec des compétences moyennes à élevées dans ce domaine. Ces deux groupes, respectivement classés comme étant «à risque» et «non à risque» pour l’apprentissage de la lecture, ont été appariés sur l’âge chronologique, le QI non-verbal et le vocabulaire. La discrimination phonémique se révèle être un prédicteur important de l’acquisition de lecture. En effet, les deux groupes définis à 5 ans en fonction de leur niveau dans ce domaine obtiennent des résultats significativement différents en lecture à 8 ans et la proportion d’enfants ayant des difficultés de lecture est plus forte dans le groupe à risque que dans l’autre groupe. L’objectif principal de la seconde étude était d’évaluer si, dans cette population, les compétences en lecture à 8 ans peuvent être prédites par les prédicteurs « classiques » de l’apprentissage de la lecture évalués à 5 ans: niveau de pré-lecture, connaissance des lettres, capacités de segmentation phonémique et de mémoire à court terme phonologique (MCT). Une forte proportion de la variance en lecture à 8 ans (52,8%) est prédite par ces compétences, quatre d’entre elles expliquant une part unique et significative de cette variance: niveau de pré-lecture, connaissance des lettres pour les voyelles (pas pour les consonnes), capacités de segmentation phonémique (mais pas celles de segmentation syllabique) et de MCT phonologique.
L’expertise en conduite automobile peut-elle moduler le phénomène d’extension des limites ?
Authors: Ménétrier André , Didierjean André
Published: December 2013

Résumé L’extension des limites est une distorsion de la mémoire visuo-spatiale se manifestant par une tendance à extrapoler la structure spatiale environnante d’une scène préalablement perçue. Nous nous proposons ici de déterminer si ce phénomène, décrit dans la littérature comme résultant des connaissances génériques dont dispose l’observateur vis-à-vis de la scène perçue, est sensible aux connaissances expertes. Des conducteurs automobiles présentant différents niveaux d’expertise (novices, débutants, intermédiaires et experts) ont passé une tâche d’extension contrastant des photographies représentant des scènes routières et des scènes neutres. Les résultats indiquent que le phénomène est modulable par l’expertise : les taux d’extension diminuent avec l’augmentation du niveau d’expertise, allant jusqu’à un effet de restriction des limites chez les experts. Nos résultats montrent également que les scènes neutres n’ont pas produit systématiquement d’extension, les novices et débutants ne présentant pas de distorsion mnésique significative pour ces stimuli. Nous discutons plusieurs hypothèses susceptibles d’expliquer ces résultats.
Quand le statut du groupe modère les types de discrimination et leurs effets
Authors: Bourguignon David , van Cleempoel Maximilien , Collange Julie , Herman Ginette
Published: December 2013

Résumé D’une part, les individus minimisent la discrimination personnelle par rapport à la discrimination groupale. D’autre part, alors que la discrimination personnelle est négativement liée à l’estime de soi, la discrimination groupale lui est positivement associée. Jusqu’à présent, ces patterns de résultats ont uniquement été observés auprès de groupes de bas statut. Cette étude vise à examiner l’écart existant entre les deux types de discrimination mais également leurs effets sur l’estime de soi des individus suivant le statut social de leur groupe. Pour les membres de groupes de bas statut, les données montrent un phénomène de déni de la discrimination personnelle par rapport à la discrimination groupale et des effets distincts des deux types de discrimination perçue sur l’estime de soi personnelle. En revanche, les membres de groupes de haut statut perçoivent autant de discrimination personnelle que groupale et leur estime de soi personnelle n’est associée à aucun des deux types de discrimination perçue. Ces différents résultats sont interprétés à la lumière de la littérature sur la comparaison sociale.
Atmospheric tar balls: aged primary droplets from biomass burning?
Authors: Tóth A. , Hoffer A. , Nyirő-Kósa I. , Pósfai M. , Gelencsér A.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Atmospheric tar balls are particles of special morphology and composition that are abundant in the plumes of biomass smoke. These particles form a specific subset of brown carbon (BrC) which has been shown to play a significant role in atmospheric shortwave absorption and thus climate forcing. Formerly tar balls were hypothesized to be formed in secondary processes in the atmosphere from lignin pyrolysis products. Based on their typical size distributions, morphology, chemical characteristics and other features we now suggest that tar balls are initially produced by the emission of primary tar droplets upon biomass burning. To verify our hypothesis tar balls were produced under laboratory conditions with the total exclusion of flame processes. An all-glass apparatus was designed and tar ball particles were generated from liquid tar obtained previously by dry distillation of wood. The size range, morphology and the chemical composition of the laboratory-generated tar ball particles were similar to those observed in biomass smoke plumes or elsewhere in the atmosphere. Based on our results and the chemical and physical characteristics of tar we suggest that tar balls can be formed by the chemical transformation of emitted primary tar droplets.
Large scale snow water equivalent status monitoring: comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado Basin
Authors: Artan G. A. , Verdin J. P. , Lietzow R.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. We illustrate the ability to monitor the status of snow water content over large areas by using a spatially distributed snow accumulation and ablation model that uses data from a weather forecast model in the upper Colorado Basin. The model was forced with precipitation fields from the National Weather Service (NWS) Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data-sets; remaining meteorological model input data were from NOAA's Global Forecast System (GFS) model output fields. The simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) was compared to SWEs from the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) and SNOwpack TELemetry system (SNOTEL) over a region of the western US that covers parts of the upper Colorado Basin. We also compared the SWE product estimated from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) and scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) to the SNODAS and SNOTEL SWE data-sets. Agreement between the spatial distributions of the simulated SWE with MPE data was high with both SNODAS and SNOTEL. Model-simulated SWE with TRMM precipitation and SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery were not significantly correlated spatially with either SNODAS or the SNOTEL SWE. Average basin-wide SWE simulated with the MPE and the TRMM data were highly correlated with both SNODAS (r = 0.94 and r = 0.64; d.f. = 14 – d.f. = degrees of freedom) and SNOTEL (r = 0.93 and r = 0.68; d.f. = 14). The SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery was significantly correlated with the SNODAS SWE (r = 0.55, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05) but was not significantly correlated with the SNOTEL-reported SWE values (r = 0.45, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05).The results indicate the applicability of the snow energy balance model for monitoring snow water content at regional scales when coupled with meteorological data of acceptable quality. The two snow water contents from the microwave imagery (SMMR and SSM/I) and the Utah Energy Balance forced with the TRMM precipitation data were found to be unreliable sources for mapping SWE in the study area; both data sets lacked discernible variability of snow water content between sites as seen in the SNOTEL and SNODAS SWE data. This study will contribute to better understanding the adequacy of data from weather forecast models, TRMM, and microwave imagery for monitoring status of the snow water content.
A Review on Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , So Tsz-Yin , Thackray Jennifer
Published: December 2013

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and for maintaining bone health in the pediatric population. Vitamin D deficiency may develop from nutritional deficiencies, malabsorption, enzyme-inducing medications, and many other etiologies. It may present as hypocalcemia before bone demineralization at periods of increased growth velocity (infancy and adolescence) because the increased calcium demand of the body cannot be met. In children, inadequate concentrations of vitamin D may cause rickets and/or symptomatic hypocalcemia, such as seizures or tetany. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacology behind vitamin D supplementation, laboratory assessments of vitamin D status, current literature concerning vitamin D supplementation, and various supplementation options for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population.
Um longo presente: O papel da imprensa no processo de redemocratização - a Folha de São Paulo em 1974
Authors: Lohn Reinaldo Lindolfo
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste artigo está em explorar possibilidades teóricas que permitam discutir a narrativa política da democratização brasileira, um processo geralmente situado a partir de 1974, quando do pretenso anúncio da distensão política por parte da ditadura militar. Uma narrativa construída pela grande imprensa, que apareceu como uma das vozes privilegiadas da democratização, estabeleceu a proeminência de determinados agentes e setores políticos e sociais. O foco do trabalho é o jornal Folha de São Paulo, em cujas páginas as negociações que envolveram o sistema político brasileiro e a valorização das eleições como forma de institucionalizar o regime, ocuparam um lugar de destaque.Palavras-chave: Redemocratização. Ditadura. Grande Imprensa. Relações Políticas. Narrativa
As divisões políticas da primeira elite castrense da ditadura chilena (1973 - 1978): grupos políticos, alternativas institucionais e formação profissional
Authors: Monteiro Tiago Francisco
Published: December 2013

Esse artigo discutirá a composição, atuação política e anseios institucionais dos grupos de militares que ocuparam os principais cargos da ditadura chilena imposta ao país após o golpe militar de 11 de setembro de 1973. Em segundo lugar, discutirá a formação profissional dos oficiais que denominei de “primeira elite castrense”, com ênfase em suas relações com grupos civis e com as escolas militares estadunidenses.Palavras-chave: Chile. Forças Armadas. Ditadura militar.
Para além da “guerra suja”: as revelações de Claudio Guerra
Authors: Rubert Silvania
Published: December 2013

GUERRA, Cláudio. Memórias de uma guerra suja. Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks, 2012. Em depoimento a Marcelo Netto e Rogério Medeiros.
Patterns of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Children with Common Neurological Conditions
Authors: Treat Lauren , Liesinger Juliette , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Humeniuk Katherine , Prasad Kavita , Tilburt Jon C.
Published: December 2013

Background:

Recent literature suggests that one in nine children in the United States uses some type of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Children with challenging neurological conditions such as headache, migraine, and seizures may seek CAM in their attempts at self-care. Our objective was to describe CAM use in children with these conditions.

Methods:

We compared use of CAM among children aged 3 to 17 years with and without common neurological conditions (headaches, migraines, seizures) where CAM might plausibly play a role in their self-management using the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data.

Results

: Children with common neurological conditions reported significantly more CAM use compared to the children without these conditions (24.0% vs 12.6%, P< .0001). Compared to other pediatric CAM users, children with neurological conditions report similarly high use of biological therapies and significantly higher use of mind-body techniques (38.6% vs 20.5%, P<.007). Of the mind-body techniques, deep breathing (32.5%), meditation (15.1%), and progressive relaxation (10.1%) were used most frequently.

Conclusions:

About one in four children with common neurological conditions use CAM. The nature of CAM use in this population, as well as its risks and benefits in neurological disease, deserve further investigation.
Highly Oriented Polymer Field-Effect Transistors with High Electrical Stability
Authors: Endo Toshiyuki , Nagase Takashi , Kobayashi Takashi , Naito Hiroyoshi
Published: December 2013

Oriented polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) with a top-gate configuration have been fabricated using amorphous fluoropolymers as gate insulators. The oriented poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) FETs exhibit a high mobility anisotropy of 13 and a high mobility of 0.043 cm2·V-1·s-1 for charge transport parallel to the alignment direction. The temperature dependence of the mobility reveals small disorder in the oriented F8T2 microstructure at the interface with the fluoropolymer gate insulator. The transfer characteristics show no hysteresis or threshold voltage shift after applying a gate bias stress.
Cu2ZnSnSe4 Photovoltaic Absorber Grown by Vertical Gradient Freeze Technique
Authors: Das Sandip , Mandal Krishna C.
Published: December 2013

High quality large grain single phase Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) photovoltaic absorber material was grown by vertical gradient freeze (VGF) technique for the first time. Polycrystalline CZTSe ingot was grown in a vacuum sealed quartz ampoule inside a modified three-zone vertical Bridgman furnace employing a directional cooling. Structural and compositional analyses of the grown crystals were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The grown crystals exhibited highly crystalline tetragonal structure corresponding to kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 with lattice parameters of a = 5.696 Å and c = 11.338 Å as evidenced from XRD pattern. Raman spectra showed three characteristic peaks at 171.5, 194.6, and 231.1 cm-1 attributed to kesterite phase CZTSe. No other secondary phases were detected in the grown crystals. Thermoelectric probe measurements showed p-type conductivity of the grown crystals and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) along the crystal growth direction showed uniform and stoichiometric elemental distribution. Our results show that VGF technique can be used to grow high quality kesterite compounds for photovoltaic application.
Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Three-Dimensionally Integrated Micro-Solution Plasmas
Authors: Shirafuji Tatsuru , Ueda Jun , Nakamura Akihiro , Cho Sung-Pyo , Saito Nagahiro , Takai Osamu
Published: December 2013

Three-dimensionally integrated micro-solution plasmas (3D IMSPs), in which microplasmas are generated in gas bubbles in an aqueous solution held in a porous dielectric material, have been applied to gold nanoparticle synthesis. Conventional solution plasma processes require additional chemicals to increase the electrical conductivity of the aqueous solution for generating plasmas. In contrast to this, 3D IMSPs have been found to generate plasmas without such a procedure when the aqueous solution has a low electrical conductivity as in the case of HAuCl4for gold nanoparticle synthesis. The gold nanoparticle synthesis has been confirmed through the observation of optical absorption due to the plasmon resonance at 550 nm, and also through the characterization of their size, crystallinity, and composition by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Monte Carlo simulation of thermal conduction in silicon nanowires including realistic phonon dispersion relation
Authors: Kukita Kentaro , Adisusilo Indra Nur , Kamakura Yoshinari
Published: December 2013

Monte Carlo simulation is performed to solve the phonon Boltzmann transport equation in silicon nanowires, and the thermal conductivity at various temperatures is calculated. By taking account of the realistic phonon dispersion relation, it is revealed that the experimental data for relatively thick wires with diameters of 37–115 nm are well reproduced by simply assuming completely diffuse scattering at the wire surface. On the other hand, when the approximated dispersion curves fitted to the [100] direction are used, the simulation underestimates the thermal conductivity mainly owing to the inaccurate modeling of the transverse acoustic branch around W, U, and K points, and in this case the partial specularity should be introduced in the boundary scattering mechanism to obtain agreement with the measured data.
Test anxiety and academic performance in chiropractic students*
Authors: Zhang Niu , Henderson Charles N. R.
Published: December 2013

Objective

We assessed the level of students' test anxiety, and the relationship between test anxiety and academic performance.

Methods

We recruited 166 third-quarter students. The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was administered to all participants. Total scores from written examinations and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) were used as response variables.

Results

Multiple regression analysis shows that there was a modest, but statistically significant negative correlation between TAI scores and written exam scores, but not OSCE scores. Worry and emotionality were the best predictive models for written exam scores. Mean total anxiety and emotionality scores for females were significantly higher than those for males, but not worry scores.

Conclusion

Moderate-to-high test anxiety was observed in 85% of the chiropractic students examined. However, total test anxiety, as measured by the TAI score, was a very weak predictive model for written exam performance. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that replacing total anxiety (TAI) with worry and emotionality (TAI subscales) produces a much more effective predictive model of written exam performance. Sex, age, highest current academic degree, and ethnicity contributed little additional predictive power in either regression model. Moreover, TAI scores were not found to be statistically significant predictors of physical exam skill performance, as measured by OSCEs.
The learning style preferences of chiropractic students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Whillier Stephney , Lystad Reidar P. , Abi-Arrage David , McPhie Christopher , Johnston Samara , Williams Christopher , Rice Mark
Published: December 2013

Objective

The aims of our study were to measure the learning style preferences of chiropractic students and to assess whether they differ across the 5 years of chiropractic study.

Methods

A total of 407 (41.4% females) full-degree, undergraduate, and postgraduate students enrolled in an Australian chiropractic program agreed to participate in a cross-sectional survey comprised of basic demographic information and the Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, which identifies learning preferences on four different subscales: visual, aural, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Multivariate analysis of variance and the χ2 test were used to check for differences in continuous (VARK scores) and categorical (VARK category preference) outcome variables.

Results

The majority of chiropractic students (56.0%) were found to be multimodal learners. Compared to the other learning styles preferences, kinesthetic learning was preferred by a significantly greater proportion of students (65.4%, p < .001) and received a significantly greater mean VARK score (5.66 ± 2.47, p < .001).

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time chiropractic students have been shown to be largely multimodal learners with a preference for kinesthetic learning. While this knowledge may be beneficial in the structuring of future curricula, more thorough research must be conducted to show any beneficial relationship between learning style preferences and teaching methods.
Modeling Antarctic tides in response to ice shelf thinning and retreat
Authors: Rosier S. H. R. , Green J. A. M. , Scourse J. D. , Winkelmann R.
Published: December 2013

Tides play an important role in ice sheet dynamics by modulating ice stream velocity, fracturing, and moving ice shelves and mixing water beneath them. Any changes in ice shelf extent or thickness will alter the tidal dynamics through modification of water column thickness and coastal topography but these will in turn feed back onto the overall ice shelf stability. Here, we show that removal or reduction in extent and/or thickness of the Ross and Ronne‐Filchner ice shelves would have a significant impact on the tides around Antarctica. The Ronne‐Filchner appears particularly vulnerable, with an increase in M2 amplitude of over 0.5 m beneath much of the ice shelf potentially leading to tidally induced feedbacks on ice shelf/sheet dynamics. These results highlight the importance of understanding tidal feedbacks on ice shelves/streams due to their influence on ice sheet dynamics.
Sea level in ocean reanalyses and tide gauges
Authors: Chepurin Gennady A. , Carton James A. , Leuliette Eric
Published: December 2013

Previous studies have noted the presence of interannual to multidecadal variability in tide gauge sea level records which is correlated with meteorological variability and which can overwhelm the signal associated with global sea level rise. This study examines the usefulness of using a set of seven ocean reanalysis and synthesis products in studies of sea level variability by comparing the tide gauges and reanalysis products at a representative set of 87 tide gauge station locations. The comparison is carried out for both a half‐century base period and a century long‐extended period. Treating the set of products as an ensemble of realizations obtained using different techniques, the results show generally good agreement for the half‐century period with ensemble average correlations of 0.57 and RMS differences of 2.2 cm, reducing to a correlation of 0.5 for the extended period. A significant fraction of the difference between tide gauge sea level and product sea level is associated with meteorological forcing. These results support the conclusion that much of the interannual to multidecadal variability that appears in the tide gauge records is meteorologically driven. This suggests that ocean products have potential to be used to isolate this variability from the signal associated with the underlying global sea level rise.
Reactive compatibilization of PLA/TPU blends with a diisocyanate
Authors: Dogan Sebnem Kemaloglu , Reyes Efren Andablo , Rastogi Sanjay , Ozkoc Guralp
Published: December 2013

This study focuses on the compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends by using 1,4 phenylene diisocyanate (PDI) for the first time, as the compatibilizer. Because of the potential interactions of diisocyanates with OH/COOH, they are useful for reactive processing of PLA/TPU blends in the melt processing. To have insight on the reactively compatibilized structure of PLA/TPU blends, phase morphologies are observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological responses of the blends are investigated. The observations are that the brittle behavior of PLA changes to ductile with the addition of TPUs. The addition of PDI improves the tensile properties of the blends. The compatibilization action of PDI is monitored with DMA and rheological experiments. Cross‐over in the G′ and G″ curves of compatibilized blends indicates the relaxation of branches formed in the presence of PDI. The dispersed phase size of TPU decreases in PLA in the presence of PDI due to the improved compatibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40251.
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Risk of Subsequent Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ma Kimberly K. , Nelson J. Lee , Guthrie Katherine A. , Dugowson Carin E. , Gammill Hilary S.
Published: December 2013

Objective

Pregnancy and reproductive outcomes have been associated with altered risk of some autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to determine whether prior pregnancy resulting in a low birth weight (LBW) infant or preterm birth is associated with a risk of subsequent RA in the mother.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of RA risk in parous women from a population‐based prospective study of newly diagnosed cases of RA and age‐matched healthy controls. The primary outcome measure was disease status (RA versus control), with exposures of prior preterm birth and prior delivery of an infant with LBW (≤2,500 gm), very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1,500 gm), or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 gm). A preplanned analysis including only rheumatoid factor (RF)–positive RA cases was also conducted.

Results

A total of 202 RA cases and 1,102 controls were analyzed. Prior delivery of an infant with ELBW was associated with RA in the mother (relative risk [RR] 3.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0–13.2]). Prior VLBW (RR 4.0 [95% CI 1.3–11.4]) and ELBW (RR 5.5 [95% CI 1.4–22.5]) infants were associated with RF‐positive RA. Prior LBW deliveries and preterm births were more common among RA cases than controls, but the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies, women with a prior VLBW or ELBW delivery had a higher risk of RA, particularly RF‐positive RA. This association may reflect common risk factors for pregnancy complications and RA. Alternatively, complicated pregnancy itself may confer risk of subsequent RA.
Utility of fine‐needle aspiration and core biopsy with touch preparation in the diagnosis of renal lesions
Authors: Scanga Lori R. , Maygarden Susan J.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

Cytologic evaluation by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsy (CB) with touch preparation (TP) is used in the diagnosis of renal lesions.

METHODS

Consecutive image‐guided FNA and CB, with or without TP, of renal lesions were reviewed. The cytology diagnoses were correlated with the radiology, surgical specimens, and clinical course.

RESULTS

A total of 154 procedures (76 FNA, 17 FNA+CB, 46 CB+TP, 15 FNA+CB+TP) were performed for lesions with benign (21), malignant (123), or indeterminate (10) radiology. Specimen adequacy was satisfactory in 86% of FNAs (93 of 108), 95% of TPs (58 of 61), and 94% of CBs (73 of 78), and is statistically significant for CB with or without TP versus FNA (P = .045). In the subset with concerning radiology (n = 133), specimen adequacy was satisfactory in 83% of FNAs (72 of 87), 95% of TPs (58 of 61), and 94% of CBs (73 of 78) (P = .006 for CB ± TP versus FNA), and procedures were diagnostic in 79% of FNAs (69 of 87), 90% of 61 TPs (55 of 61) and 90% of CBs (70 of 78) (P = .02 for CB ± TP versus FNA). Renal cell carcinoma subtype was reported in 63% of FNA (19 of 30) versus 88% of CB ± TP (43 of 49) (P = .01), and Fuhrman nuclear grade was reported only on CB. The cytology diagnoses correlated with surgical specimens in 94% (33 of 35). The most common treatment was ablation of small (3.0 ± 1.3 cm) masses (n = 47).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with FNA, CB and TP have higher adequacy and diagnostic yield and provide more diagnostic information. Cytology diagnoses are highly accurate when correlated to surgical specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:182–190. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Radiation‐Induced Synthesis of Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Solution: Fundamental Effect of Oxidizing Species
Authors: Lattach Youssef , Coletta Cecilia , Ghosh Srabanti , Remita Samy
Published: December 2013

Synthesis of conjugated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymers is achieved through the radiolysis of N2O‐saturated aqueous solutions of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene by using two different oxidizing species: HO. (hydroxyl) and N3. (azide) radicals. Both oxidative species lead to self‐assembled polymers that are evidenced in solution by cryotransmission electron microscopy and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and, after centrifugation and deposition, by scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance FTIR techniques. Whereas HO. radicals lead to PEDOT‐OH globular nanostructures with hydrophilic properties, N3. radicals enable the formation of amphiphilic PEDOT‐N3 fibrillar nanostructures. These results, which highlight the differences in the intermolecular interaction behaviors of the two kinds of PEDOT polymers, are discussed in terms of polymerization mechanisms.
Tbx4 interacts with the short stature homeobox gene Shox2 in limb development
Authors: Glaser Anne , Arora Ripla , Hoffmann Sandra , Li Li , Gretz Norbert , Papaioannou Virginia E. , Rappold Gudrun A.
Published: December 2013

Background: The short stature homeodomain transcription factors SHOX and SHOX2 play key roles in limb formation. To gain more insight into genes regulated by Shox2 during limb development, we analyzed expression profiles of WT and Shox2−/− mouse embryonic limbs and identified the T‐Box transcription factor Tbx4 as a potential downstream target. Tbx4 is known to exert essential functions in skeletal and muscular hindlimb development. In humans, haploinsufficiency of TBX4 causes small patella syndrome, a skeletal dysplasia characterized by anomalies of the knee, pelvis, and foot. Results: Here, we demonstrate an inhibitory regulatory effect of Shox2 on Tbx4 specifically in the forelimbs. We also show that Tbx4 activates Shox2 expression in fore‐ and hindlimbs, suggesting Shox2 as a feedback modulator of Tbx4. Using EMSA studies, we find that Tbx4/TBX4 is able to bind to distinct T‐box binding sites within the mouse and human Shox2/SHOX2 promoter. Conclusions: Our data identifies Tbx4 as a novel transcriptional activator of Shox2 during murine fore‐ and hindlimb development. Tbx4 is also regulated by Shox2 specifically in the forelimb bud possibly via a feedback mechanism. These data extend our understanding of the role and regulation of Tbx4 and Shox2 in limb development and limb associated diseases. Developmental Dynamics 243:629–639, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 7‐Deoxy Analogues of the Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Inhibitor Thysanone
Authors: Schünemann Katrin , Furkert Daniel P. , Connelly Stephen , Fraser John D. , Sperry Jonathan , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of (±)‐7‐deoxythysanone and three analogues has been developed. The key oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reaction enabled the synthesis of the naphthopyran precursor, which could be readily converted to 7‐deoxythysanone and three related analogues. The biological activity of these compounds was also evaluated against HRV 3C protease, the results of which suggest that inhibition of the enzyme requires the presence of the 7‐oxa functionality.
Effects of silver nanoparticles on oxidative DNA damage–repair as a function of p38 MAPK status: A comparative approach using human Jurkat T cells and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chatterjee Nivedita , Eom Hyun Jeong , Choi Jinhee
Published: December 2013

The large‐scale use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised concerns over potential impacts on the environment and human health. We previously reported that AgNP exposure causes an increase in reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and induction of p38 MAPK and PMK‐1 in Jurkat T cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AgNP toxicity, here we evaluate the effects of AgNPs on oxidative DNA damage–repair (in human and C. elegans DNA glycosylases hOGG1, hNTH1, NTH‐1, and 8‐oxo‐GTPases—hMTH1, NDX‐4) and explore the role of p38 MAPK and PMK‐1 in this process. Our comparative approach examined viability, gene expression, and enzyme activities in wild type (WT) and p38 MAPK knock‐down (KD) Jurkat T cells (in vitro) and in WT and pmk‐1 loss‐of‐function mutant strains of C. elegans (in vivo). The results suggest that p38 MAPK/PMK‐1 plays protective role against AgNP‐mediated toxicity, reduced viability and greater accumulation of 8OHdG was observed in AgNP‐treated KD cells, and in pmk‐1 mutant worms compared with their WT counterparts, respectively. Furthermore, dose‐dependent alterations in hOGG1, hMTH1, and NDX‐4 expression and enzyme activity, and survival in ndx‐4 mutant worms occurred following AgNP exposure. Interestingly, the absence or depletion of p38 MAPK/PMK‐1 caused impaired and additive effects in AgNP‐induced ndx‐4(ok1003); pmk‐1(RNAi) mutant survival, and hOGG1 and NDX‐4 expression and enzyme activity, which may lead to higher accumulation of 8OHdG. Together, the results indicate that p38 MAPK/PMK‐1 plays an important protective role in AgNP‐induced oxidative DNA damage–repair which is conserved from C. elegans to humans. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:122–133, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential Labour Market Impacts from Disability Onset
Authors: Polidano Cain , Vu Ha
Published: December 2013

We estimate the causal labour market impacts of disability onset by gender, age and education levels up to 4 years after onset using longitudinal data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia survey and difference‐in‐difference propensity score matching techniques. We find lasting negative impacts on employment, especially full‐time employment, which is due more to reduced movement into full‐time employment than downshifting from full‐time to part‐time work following onset. Those without post‐school education qualifications are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of onset and are more likely to be out of work and on income support than those with qualifications up to 4 years after onset, due in part because they have greater difficulty adjusting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton therapy for head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: Initial clinical outcomes
Authors: Linton Okechukwu R. , Moore Michael G. , Brigance Joseph S. , Summerlin Don‐John , McDonald Mark W.
Published: December 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to report outcomes of proton therapy in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 26 patients treated between 2004 and 2012. Twenty patients (77%) had base of skull involvement; 19 (73%) were treated for initial disease and 7 (27%) for recurrent disease. Twenty patients were treated postoperatively, 6 after biopsy alone and 24 had positive margins or gross residual disease. Median dose delivered was 72 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]).

Results

Median follow‐up was 25 months (range, 7–50 months). The 2‐year overall survival was 93% for initial disease course and 57% for recurrent disease (p = .19). The 2‐year local control was 95% for initial disease and 86% for recurrent disease (p = .48). The 2‐year distant metastatic rate was 25%. Late toxicity of grade 0 or 1 was seen in 17 patients, grade 2 in 5, grade 3 in 2, grade 4 in 1, and grade 5 in 1.

Conclusion

Initial outcomes of proton therapy are encouraging. Longer follow‐up is required. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 117–124, 2015
Prohibitins Role in Cellular Survival Through Ras‐Raf‐MEK‐ERK Pathway
Authors: Chowdhury Indrajit , Thompson Winston E. , Thomas Kelwyn
Published: December 2013

Prohibitins are members of a highly conserved protein family containing the stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C (SPFH) domain (also known as the prohibitin [PHB] domain) found in unicellular eukaryotes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans. Two highly homologous members of prohibitins expressed in eukaryotes are prohibitin (PHB; B‐cell receptor associated protein‐32, BAP‐32) and prohibitin 2/repressor of estrogen receptor activity (PHB2, REA, BAP‐37). Both PHB and REA/PHB2 are ubiquitously expressed and are present in multiple cellular compartments including the mitochondria, nucleus, and the plasma membrane. Multiple functions have been attributed to the mitochondrial and nuclear PHB and PHB2/REA including cellular differentiation, anti‐proliferation, and morphogenesis. One of the major functions of the prohibitins are in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses. In the present review, we focus on the recent research developments indicating that PHB and PHB2/REA are involved in maintaining cellular survival through the Ras‐Raf‐MEK‐Erk pathway. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the intracellular signaling pathways utilize prohibitins in governing cellular survival is likely to result in development of therapeutic strategies to overcome various human pathological disorders such as diabetes, obesity, neurological diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 998–1004, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Whole Organ Engineering
Authors: Faulk Denver M. , Johnson Scott A. , Zhang Li , Badylak Stephen F.
Published: December 2013

End‐stage organ failure is a devastating problem with limited therapeutic options. The definitive treatment is orthotropic transplantation, however, there exists a severe shortage of viable donor organs, and this shortage is worsening with an aging demographic and as the number of new cases of organ failure increases. Patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant are required to receive immunosuppressive therapies and can face transplant rejection. The emerging concept of organ engineering may offer a new hope for these patients. Researchers in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are using three‐dimensional whole organ scaffolds composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) for engineering functional tissue suitable for transplantation. Perfusion decellularization is an approach that generates native ECM scaffolds with intact 3D anatomical architecture and vasculature. Decellularized organs provide the ideal transplantable scaffold with all the necessary microstructure and extracellular cues for cell attachment, differentiation, vascularization, and function. The present manuscript will review the role of the ECM in normal development, the concept of ECM tissue specificity, and the effect of processing methods on eventual clinical outcomes. An overview of existing challenges and future directions will also be discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 984–989, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labeled cyamemazine and monodesmethyl cyamemazine
Authors: Bolla R. Sekhar , Kasi Viswanath I. V.
Published: December 2013

A novel approach is presented for the synthesis of cyamemazine maleate and N‐desmethyl cyamemazine maleate using a 10‐(amino‐2‐methylpropyl)phenothiazine derivative. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of [2H6]cyamemazine maleate and N‐desmethyl‐[2H3]cyamemazine maleate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects for enhancement of targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer using ultrasound
Authors: Browning Richard J. , Rajkumar Vineeth , Pedley R. Barbara , Eckersley Robert J. , Blower Philip J.
Published: December 2013

Ultrasound‐mediated drug delivery is a promising means of enhancing delivery, distribution and effectiveness of drugs within tumours. In this review, prospects for exploiting ultrasound to improve the tumour delivery and distribution of radiolabelled antibodies for radioimmunotherapy and to overcome barriers imposed by tumour microenvironment are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.