bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the formation of NADES using a transformer-based model
Authors: Ayres Lucas B. , Gomez Federico J. V. , Silva Maria Fernanda , Linton Jeb R. , Garcia Carlos D.
Published: February 2024

The application of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries represents one of the fastest growing fields of green chemistry, as these mixtures can potentially replace traditional organic solvents. These advances are, however, limited by the development of new NADES which is today, almost exclusively empirically driven and often derivative from known mixtures. To overcome this limitation, we propose the use of a transformer-based machine learning approach. Here, the transformer-based neural network model was first pre-trained to recognize chemical patterns from SMILES representations (unlabeled general chemical data) and then fine-tuned to recognize the patterns in strings that lead to the formation of either stable NADES or simple mixtures of compounds not leading to the formation of stable NADES (binary classification). Because this strategy was adapted from language learning, it allows the use of relatively small datasets and relatively low computational resources. The resulting algorithm is capable of predicting the formation of multiple new stable eutectic mixtures (n = 337) from a general database of natural compounds. More importantly, the system is also able to predict the components and molar ratios needed to render NADES with new molecules (not present in the training database), an aspect that was validated using previously reported NADES as well as by developing multiple novel solvents containing ibuprofen. We believe this strategy has the potential to transform the screening process for NADES as well as the pharmaceutical industry, streamlining the use of bioactive compounds as functional components of liquid formulations, rather than simple solutes.
Exercising with a robotic exoskeleton can improve memory and gait in people with Parkinson’s disease by facilitating progressive exercise intensity
Authors: McGibbon Chris A. , Sexton Andrew , Gryfe Pearl
Published: February 2024

People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) can benefit from progressive high-intensity exercise facilitated with a lower-extremity exoskeleton, but the mechanisms explaining these benefits are unknown. We explored the relationship between exercise intensity progression and memory and gait outcomes in PwPD who performed 8 weeks (2 × per week) of progressive exercise with and without a lower-extremity powered exoskeleton, as the planned exploratory endpoint analysis of an open-label, parallel, pilot randomized controlled trial. Adults 50–85 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of PD participated. Twenty-seven participants randomized to exercise with (Exo = 13) or without (Nxo = 14) the exoskeleton were included in this exploratory endpoint analysis. Detailed exercise logs were kept and actigraphy was used to measure activity count*min−1 (ACPM) during all exercise sessions. Only the Exo group were able to progressively increase their ACPM over the entire 8-week intervention, whereas the Nxo group plateaued after 4 weeks. Exercise intensity progression correlated with change in the memory sub-scale of the SCOPA-COG and change in gait endurance from the 6MWT, consistent with the prevailing hypotheses linking high-intensity interval exercise to improved muscle and brain function via angiogenic and neurotrophic mechanisms. Facilitating high-intensity exercise with advanced rehabilitation technology is warranted for improving memory and gait endurance in PwPD.

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 03583879 (7/10/2018).
Helium-electrospray improves sample delivery in X-ray single-particle imaging experiments
Authors: Yenupuri Tej Varma , Rafie-Zinedine Safi , Worbs Lena , Heymann Michael , Schulz Joachim , Bielecki Johan , Maia Filipe R. N. C.
Published: February 2024

Imaging the structure and observing the dynamics of isolated proteins using single-particle X-ray diffractive imaging (SPI) is one of the potential applications of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Currently, SPI experiments on isolated proteins are limited by three factors: low signal strength, limited data and high background from gas scattering. The last two factors are largely due to the shortcomings of the aerosol sample delivery methods in use. Here we present our modified electrospray ionization (ESI) source, which we dubbed helium-ESI (He-ESI). With it, we increased particle delivery into the interaction region by a factor of 10, for 26 nm-sized biological particles, and decreased the gas load in the interaction chamber corresponding to an 80% reduction in gas scattering when compared to the original ESI. These improvements have the potential to significantly increase the quality and quantity of SPI diffraction patterns in future experiments using He-ESI, resulting in higher-resolution structures.
Insights into attention and memory difficulties in post-COVID syndrome using standardized neuropsychological tests and experimental cognitive tasks
Authors: Arbula Sandra , Pisanu Elisabetta , Bellavita Giulia , Menichelli Alina , Lunardelli Alberta , Furlanis Giovanni , Manganotti Paolo , Cappa Stefano , Rumiati Raffaella
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to post-acute cognitive symptoms, often described as ‘brain fog’. To comprehensively grasp the extent of these issues, we conducted a study integrating traditional neuropsychological assessments with experimental cognitive tasks targeting attention control, working memory, and long-term memory, three cognitive domains most commonly associated with ‘brain fog’. We enrolled 33 post-COVID patients, all self-reporting cognitive difficulties, and a matched control group (N = 27) for cognitive and psychological assessments. Our findings revealed significant attention deficits in post-COVID patients across both neuropsychological measurements and experimental cognitive tasks, evidencing reduced performance in tasks involving interference resolution and selective and sustained attention. Mild executive function and naming impairments also emerged from the neuropsychological assessment. Notably, 61% of patients reported significant prospective memory failures in daily life, aligning with our recruitment focus. Furthermore, our patient group showed significant alterations in the psycho-affective domain, indicating a complex interplay between cognitive and psychological factors, which could point to a non-cognitive determinant of subjectively experienced cognitive changes following COVID-19. In summary, our study offers valuable insights into attention challenges faced by individuals recovering from COVID-19, stressing the importance of comprehensive cognitive and psycho-affective evaluations for supporting post-COVID individuals.
Inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in progressive stages of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Rahimi Mansour , Hossain Farzana , Leahy Sophie , Blair Norman P. , Jiang Xuejuan , Shahidi Mahnaz
Published: February 2024

Previous studies have reported increased retinal venous oxygen saturation and decreased retinal blood flow and oxygen metabolism in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The current study aimed to determine alterations in both inner retinal oxygen delivery (DO2) and metabolism (MO2) in proliferative DR (PDR) as well as at stages of NPDR. A total of 123 subjects participated in the study and were categorized into five groups: non-diabetic control (N = 32), diabetic with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR, N = 34), mild NPDR (N = 31), moderate to severe NPDR (N = 17), or PDR (N = 9). Multi-modal imaging was performed to measure oxygen saturation and blood flow, which were used for derivation of DO2 and MO2. There were significant associations of groups with DO2 and MO2. DO2 was lower in PDR and not significantly different in NDR and NPDR stages as compared to the non-diabetic control group. MO2 was decreased in PDR and moderate to severe NPDR as compared to the control group, and not significantly reduced in NDR and mild NPDR. The findings demonstrate reductions in both DO2 and MO2 in PDR and MO2 in moderate to severe NPDR, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for monitoring progression and treatment of DR.
Anti-staphylococcal activity of soilless cultivated cannabis across the whole vegetation cycle under various nutritional treatments in relation to cannabinoid content
Authors: Malikova Lucie , Malik Matej , Pavlik Jan , Ulman Milos , Pechouckova Eva , Skrivan Milos , Kokoska Ladislav , Tlustos Pavel
Published: February 2024

Antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal strains and its impact on public health and agriculture are global problems. The development of new anti-staphylococcal agents is an effective strategy for addressing the increasing incidence of bacterial resistance. In this study, ethanolic extracts of Cannabis sativa L. made from plant parts harvested during the whole vegetation cycle under various nutritional treatments were assessed for in vitro anti-staphylococcal effects. The results showed that all the cannabis extracts tested exhibited a certain degree of growth inhibition against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive forms. The highest antibacterial activity of the extracts was observed from the 5th to the 13th week of plant growth across all the nutritional treatments tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL. Using HPLC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was identified as the most abundant cannabinoid in the ethanolic extracts. A homolog of THCA, tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), reduced bacterial growth by 74%. These findings suggest that the cannabis extracts tested in this study can be used for the development of new anti-staphylococcal compounds with improved efficacy.
Combined effect of interstitial-substitutional elements on dislocation dynamics in nitrogen-added austenitic stainless steels
Authors: Kawahara Yasuhito , Kobatake Shunya , Kaneko Kenji , Sasaki Taisuke , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Takushima Chikako , Hamada Jun-ichi
Published: February 2024

Combined addition of interstitial-substitutional elements has been acknowledged to contribute to the increase in the strengths of steels. For further improvements in mechanical properties, their atomic-scale interaction mechanisms with dislocations are required to be examined. In this study, both high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography were used to correlate interstitial-substitutional elements with dislocation characteristics in austenitic stainless steels. Three types of dislocation core structures are identified and associated with their strain fields as well as N and Cr atoms in the N-added steels. It is revealed that N atoms interact elastically with the dislocations, followed by the segregation of Cr atoms via the chemical interaction between N and Cr atoms. This insight significantly improves the understanding of the multiple alloying mechanism in metallic materials such as interstitial alloys and high-entropy alloys.
Honorary authorship is highly prevalent in health sciences: systematic review and meta-analysis of surveys
Authors: Meursinge Reynders Reint A. , ter Riet Gerben , Di Girolamo Nicola , Cavagnetto Davide , Malički Mario
Published: February 2024

A systematic review and meta-analysis of survey research was conducted to estimate honorary authorship prevalence in health sciences. We searched PubMed, Lens.org, and Dimensions.ai. until January 5 2023. Methodological quality was assessed and quantitative syntheses were conducted. Nineteen surveys were included and rated as having low methodological quality. We found a pooled prevalence of 26% [95% CI 21–31] (6 surveys, 2758 respondents) of researchers that perceived co-author(s) as honorary on the publication at issue (when they were not referred to any authorship criteria). That prevalence was 18% [95% CI 15–21] (11 surveys, 4272 respondents) when researchers were referred to Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship criteria, and 51% [95% CI 47–56] (15 surveys, 5111 respondents) when researchers were asked to declare their co-author(s) contributions on the publication at issue (and these were then compared to ICMJE criteria). 10% of researchers [95% CI 9–12] (11 surveys, 3,663 respondents) reported being approached by others to include honorary author(s) on the publication at issue and 16% [95% CI 13–18] (2 surveys, 823 respondents) admitted adding (an) honorary author(s). Survey research consistently indicates that honorary authorship in the health sciences is highly prevalent, however the quality of the surveys’ methods and reporting needs improvement.
Fully-automated multi-organ segmentation tool applicable to both non-contrast and post-contrast abdominal CT: deep learning algorithm developed using dual-energy CT images
Authors: Jeon Sun Kyung , Joo Ijin , Park Junghoan , Kim Jong-Min , Park Sang Joon , Yoon Soon Ho
Published: February 2024

A novel 3D nnU-Net-based of algorithm was developed for fully-automated multi-organ segmentation in abdominal CT, applicable to both non-contrast and post-contrast images. The algorithm was trained using dual-energy CT (DECT)-obtained portal venous phase (PVP) and spatiotemporally-matched virtual non-contrast images, and tested using a single-energy (SE) CT dataset comprising PVP and true non-contrast (TNC) images. The algorithm showed robust accuracy in segmenting the liver, spleen, right kidney (RK), and left kidney (LK), with mean dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) exceeding 0.94 for each organ, regardless of contrast enhancement. However, pancreas segmentation demonstrated slightly lower performance with mean DSCs of around 0.8. In organ volume estimation, the algorithm demonstrated excellent agreement with ground-truth measurements for the liver, spleen, RK, and LK (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] > 0.95); while the pancreas showed good agreements (ICC = 0.792 in SE-PVP, 0.840 in TNC). Accurate volume estimation within a 10% deviation from ground-truth was achieved in over 90% of cases involving the liver, spleen, RK, and LK. These findings indicate the efficacy of our 3D nnU-Net-based algorithm, developed using DECT images, which provides precise segmentation of the liver, spleen, and RK and LK in both non-contrast and post-contrast CT images, enabling reliable organ volumetry, albeit with relatively reduced performance for the pancreas.
Unraveling atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors through conditional probability analysis with Bayesian networks: insights from the AZAR cohort study
Authors: Esmaeili Parya , Roshanravan Neda , Ghaffari Samad , Mesri Alamdari Naimeh , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: February 2024

This study aimed at modelling the underlying predictor of ASCVD through the Bayesian network (BN). Data for the AZAR Cohort Study, which evaluated 500 healthcare providers in Iran, was collected through examinations, and blood samples. Two BNs were used to explore a suitable causal model for analysing the underlying predictor of ASCVD; Bayesian search through an algorithmic approach and knowledge-based BNs. Results showed significant differences in ASCVD risk factors across background variables’ levels. The diagnostic indices showed better performance for the knowledge-based BN (Area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.78, Accuracy = 76.6, Sensitivity = 62.5, Negative predictive value (NPV) = 96.0, Negative Likelihood Ratio (LR−) = 0.48) compared to Bayesian search (AUC = 0.76, Accuracy = 72.4, Sensitivity = 17.5, NPV = 93.2, LR− = 0.83). In addition, we decided on knowledge-based BN because of the interpretability of the relationships. Based on this BN, being male (conditional probability = 63.7), age over 45 (36.3), overweight (51.5), Mets (23.8), diabetes (8.3), smoking (10.6), hypertension (12.1), high T-C (28.5), high LDL-C (23.9), FBS (12.1), and TG (25.9) levels were associated with higher ASCVD risk. Low and normal HDL-C levels also had higher ASCVD risk (35.3 and 37.4), while high HDL-C levels had lower risk (27.3). In conclusion, BN demonstrated that ASCVD was significantly associated with certain risk factors including being older and overweight male, having a history of Mets, diabetes, hypertension, having high levels of T-C, LDL-C, FBS, and TG, but Low and normal HDL-C and being a smoker. The study may provide valuable insights for developing effective prevention strategies for ASCVD in Iran.
DNDMH-mediated direct nitration of aryl alkenes
Authors: Niu Lihua , Guo Hao , Jia Fuqiang , Shen Jiayu , Wang Yunxia , Hu Xiangdong
Published: February 2024

Direct nitration of aryl alkenes is enabled by DNDMH, a mild nitration tool developed previously in our laboratory. It exhibits a new property of DNDMH through probably the delivery of nitro radical with the aid of TEMPO and Cu(OAc)2.
Optimizing the structure and optoelectronic properties of cuprite thin films via a plasma focus device as a solar cell absorber layer
Authors: Hassan Ahmed M. , Alyousef Haifa A. , Zakaly Hesham M. H.
Published: February 2024

Solar cells are of growing importance as a renewable energy source, and cuprite (Cu2O) stands out as a promising material due to its cost-effectiveness, abundance, and appealing optoelectronic characteristics.
Study on the solid–liquid equilibrium and thermodynamic model of the l-phenylalanine + l-tryptophan + water system
Authors: Liu Weiping , Xiang Hongfei , Wang Yisong , Li Xia , Yin Yahui , Zhou Yu , Xu Xianzhen
Published: February 2024

The phase diagram of solid–liquid equilibrium of amino acid aqueous solution in a ternary system is used in the separation and purification process.
NiSe2/CeO2 catalysts from Ce-UiO-66 metal–organic skeletons and their electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, urea and glycerol
Authors: Huo Jiaqi , Chang Ying , Xu Aiju , Jia Meilin , Jia Jingchun
Published: February 2024

NiSe2/CeO2 catalysts from Ce-UiO-66 metal-organic skeleton by Ce-UiO-66 metal-organic skeleton, showed high catalytic activity for methanol oxidation (MOR), urea oxidation (UOR) and glycerol oxidation (GOR), which provides an effective way to design nickel-based catalysts for electrooxidation.
Valorization of cheese whey: closing the loop from protein extraction to whey protein film composting
Authors: Uribarrena Maialen , Rovira-Cal Eric , Urbina Leire , Suárez Maria Jose , Aymerich Enrique , Guerrero Pedro , de la Caba Koro , Etxabide Alaitz
Published: February 2024

Whey protein extracted from cheese-making by-products was analysed as a potential alternative for both food waste valorisation and food packaging waste reduction.
Highly efficient photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of arsenic(iii) with a polyoxometalate-thiacalix[4]arene-based metal–organic complex-modified bismuth vanadate photoanode
Authors: Song Yuting , Zhang Jia-Yi , Yang Jin , Bo Tao , Ma Jian-Fang
Published: February 2024

A new polyoxometalate-thiacalix[4]arene-based metal–organic photoelectrocatalyst is designed, and then applied to BiVO4 surface modification for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of arsenic(iii) under simulated sunlight conditions.
Freezing-induced topological transition of double-emulsion
Authors: Meijer Jochem G. , Kant Pallav , Lohse Detlef
Published: February 2024

While freezing a double-emulsion, sudden topological transitions of compound droplets are observed caused by partial solidification, triggering liquid-to-vapor phase transitions.
Polymer-grafted metal–organic frameworks: design, synthesis, and applications
Authors: Yang Xiaozhou , Cheng Tzu-Ching , Morris Amanda J.
Published: February 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated a wide range of applications because of their versatile functionalities. Surface-grafted MOF particles with polymers possess merits of both components. The synergetic combination holds great potentials as emerging materials.
Stable and self-healing perovskite for high-speed underwater optical wireless communication
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Fu Yuxuan , Shi Zhongren , Li Chao , Kuai Yan , Hu Zhijia , Cao Zhigang , Li Siqi
Published: February 2024

A water-resistant and self-healing perovskite light source employed for underwater wireless optical communication.
Designing functional Li2CuO2-coated separators from Cu foil towards spent LiFePO4 cathode regeneration
Authors: Zeng Zihao , Lei Hai , Li Jiexiang , Yuan Zhengqiao , Wang Bing , Zhao Wenqing , Yang Yue , Ge Peng
Published: February 2024

Functional Li2CuO2-coated separators are fabricated from spent Cu foil and contribute to the regeneration of spent LiFePO4 in a full-cell system.
A density functional theory study on interactions in water-bridged dimeric complexes of lignin
Authors: Bregado Jurgen Lange , Secchi Argimiro R. , Tavares Frederico W.
Published: February 2024

The hydrogen bonds and π-stacking interactions cling together syringyl and guaiacyl subunits, promoting the formation of stable water-bridged dimeric complexes in S–G and S-lignins.
Lab on skin: real-time metabolite monitoring with polyphenol film based subdermal wearable patches
Authors: Vulpe Georgeta , Liu Guoyi , Oakley Sam , Yang Guanghao , Ajith Mohan Arjun , Waldron Mark , Sharma Sanjiv
Published: February 2024

Development of wearable sensing devices for minimally invasive and real time monitoring of physiological information in ambulatory conditions.
Correction: Minimising the payload solvent exposed hydrophobic surface area optimises the antibody–drug conjugate properties
Authors: Hobson Adrian D. , Zhu Haizhong , Qiu Wei , Judge Russell A. , Longenecker Kenton
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Minimising the payload solvent exposed hydrophobic surface area optimises the antibody–drug conjugate properties’ by Adrian D. Hobson et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3md00540b.
The 12 principles of green membrane materials and processes for realizing the United Nations' sustainable development goals
Authors: Szekely Gyorgy
Published: February 2024

The 12 principles of green membrane materials and processes are formulated. Their contributions to the 3 pillars of sustainability and the UN-SDGs are explained. Research priorities are set. A membrane waste management hierarchy is introduced.
Design and screening of a NORR electrocatalyst with co-coordinating active centers of the support and coordination atoms: a machine learning descriptor for quantifying eigen properties
Authors: Zhao Ying , Li Qing-Kai , Chi Chun-Lei , Gao Shuai-Shuai , Tang Shuang-Ling , Chen Xue-Bo
Published: February 2024

The utilization and dispersibility of single-atom catalysts make them widely employed in electrocatalysis.
Regulation of cardiomyocyte intracellular trafficking and signal transduction by protein palmitoylation
Authors: Essandoh Kobina , Teuber James P. , Brody Matthew J.
Published: February 2024

Despite the well-established functions of protein palmitoylation in fundamental cellular processes, the roles of this reversible post-translational lipid modification in cardiomyocyte biology remain poorly studied. Palmitoylation is catalyzed by a family of 23 zinc finger and Asp-His-His-Cys domain-containing S-acyltransferases (zDHHC enzymes) and removed by select thioesterases of the lysophospholipase and α/β-hydroxylase domain (ABHD)-containing families of serine hydrolases. Recently, studies utilizing genetic manipulation of zDHHC enzymes in cardiomyocytes have begun to unveil essential functions for these enzymes in regulating cardiac development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Palmitoylation co-ordinates cardiac electrophysiology through direct modulation of ion channels and transporters to impact their trafficking or gating properties as well as indirectly through modification of regulators of channels, transporters, and calcium handling machinery. Not surprisingly, palmitoylation has roles in orchestrating the intracellular trafficking of proteins in cardiomyocytes, but also dynamically fine-tunes cardiomyocyte exocytosis and natriuretic peptide secretion. Palmitoylation has emerged as a potent regulator of intracellular signaling in cardiomyocytes, with recent studies uncovering palmitoylation-dependent regulation of small GTPases through direct modification and sarcolemmal targeting of the small GTPases themselves or by modification of regulators of the GTPase cycle. In addition to dynamic control of G protein signaling, cytosolic DNA is sensed and transduced into an inflammatory transcriptional output through palmitoylation-dependent activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, which has been targeted pharmacologically in preclinical models of heart disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex regulatory mechanisms governed by protein palmitoylation in cardiomyocytes and potential emerging therapeutic targets.
Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Ademowo Opeyemi Stella , Oyebode Olubukola , Edward Roshita , Conway Myra E. , Griffiths Helen R. , Dias Irundika H.K.
Published: February 2024

Oxidative stress, an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant status, favouring the pro-oxidant state is a result of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate antioxidant protection. ROS are produced through several mechanisms in cells including during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Increased mitochondrial-derived ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, an early event in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases (ADs) and in metabolic disorders including diabetes. AD post-mortem investigations of affected brain regions have shown the accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules, and oxidative stress has been considered an important contributor to disease pathology. An increase in oxidative stress, which leads to increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and other ROS in a potentially vicious cycle is both causative and a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be ameliorated by molecules with antioxidant capacities that accumulate in mitochondria such as carotenoids. However, the role of carotenoids in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction is not fully understood. A better understanding of the role of antioxidants in mitochondrial function is a promising lead towards the development of novel and effective treatment strategies for age-related diseases. This review evaluates and summarises some of the latest developments and insights into the effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction with a focus on the antioxidant properties of carotenoids. The mitochondria-protective role of carotenoids may be key in therapeutic strategies and targeting the mitochondria ROS is emerging in drug development for age-related diseases.
Prospects for the introduction and application of an automated information-measurement system for commercial electricity metering in Uzbekistan
Authors: Odamov O.U. , Makhammadiev F.M.
Published: February 2024

In order to eliminate the problems arising in the processes of production, transmission and distribution of electricity during the transition to a market economy to date, scientific research has been conducted on the prospects for the introduction and application of an automated information-measurement system for commercial electricity metering in Uzbekistan. In this new system, the processes of obtaining data from modern electric meters, collecting and storing them, and then transferring the collected data to the information processing centers through communication channels (PLC, GSM, Radio channel) were analyzed. The main features, rules, hierarchy and the classical scheme of the system are presented in this automated information-measurement system.
Simulation of hydrodynamics of the dispersed layer of fruit during solar-convective drying
Authors: Khuzhakulov S.M. , Nematov I.L. , Khairiddinov B.E.
Published: February 2024

The article proposes a hydrodynamic model of forced convective drying of fruits and vegetables, in which the direction of the coolant flow to the product being dried, the degree of dispersion of the product layer, the hydrodynamics of drying fruits and vegetables in the form of spheroids, flat disks and flat plates, as well as supports with plastic, metal and wooden gratings, modeled based on the necessary equations and criterion equations.
Application of microwave technology to extract pure sesame oil
Authors: Farmonov Jasur , Hunupolagama Dulangana , Dissanayake Kasun , Boynazarova Yulduz , Serkaev Kamar , Samadiy Murodjon , Rifky Mohamed
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study was to use microwave technology to extract pure sesame seed oils. The findings of investigations on how microwave treatment affects sesame seed yields for oil and cake are reported. It has been demonstrated that the radiation strength and duration of processing have a major impact on oil production. Studies have shown the possibility of increasing the yield of sesame oil, compared to obtaining oil with preliminary heat treatment of sesame seeds, by 1.97% by treating them with steam and subsequent treatment with microwave radiation for 12 minutes. In these circumstances, the oil output is 33.72%, the cake yield is 66.28%, and the moisture content is reduced to 3.77%. The oil content of the seeds, the intensity of the microwave radiation, and the length of the process are the primary factors affecting the amount of oil released. The best technical parameters have been determined, at which 33.72% of the oil and 66.28% of the cake are extracted.
Die adaptive Messung des Freiburger Einsilbertests im Störschall mit einer verringerten Anzahl an Testlisten
Authors: Memmeler Tobias , Schönweiler Rainer , Schlattmann Peter , Löhler Jan
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Berücksichtigt man die unterschiedliche Kalibrierung und Verdeckung des Störschalls, waren der adaptive Freiburger Einsilbertest im Störschall (aFBE-S) und der Oldenburger Satztest im Störschall (OLSA-S) bezüglich der Genauigkeit beider Tests in einer vorherigen Untersuchung vergleichbar. Allerdings war der Zeitbedarf des aFBE-S durch die adaptive Messweise größer als beim OLSA-S. In dieser Studie soll theoretisch ermittelt werden, ob der aFBE-S auch mit weniger Testlisten angewendet werden kann; die Ergebnisse werden mit denen des OLSA-S verglichen.

Methoden Anhand der Ergebnisse von 40 otologisch gesunden Probanden, welche bereits in randomisierter Reihenfolge mit dem OLSA-S und aFBE-S getestet wurden, erfolgte der Vergleich der Mittelwertdifferenzen der 95%-Konfidenzintervalle für eine bestimmte Anzahl an Testlisten des aFBE-S und des OLSA-S. Der mittlere Signal-Rausch-Abstand für das 50%-Sprachverstehen (S/N50) des aFBE-S wurde für 3, 4 und 5 anstatt 7,5 Testlisten berechnet. Zudem wurde der Zeitbedarf für die verringerte Anzahl an Testlisten ermittelt und die Ergebnisse im Vergleich mit denen des OLSA-S untersucht.

Ergebnisse Es konnte jeweils kein signifikanter Unterschied der Mittelwertdifferenzen der Konfidenzintervalle zwischen den S/N50 des originalen aFBE-S, des auf 3, 4 oder 5 Testlisten verkürzten aFBE-S und des OLSA-S nachgewiesen werden. Der Zeitbedarf des verkürzten aFBE-S war jeweils signifikant geringer als für den OLSA-S.

Schlussfolgerung Der aFBE-S ist theoretisch auch mit einer verringerten Anzahl an Testlisten möglich und dem OLSA-S dabei nicht unterlegen. Dadurch ließe sich der verkürzte aFBE-S bis zu 5-mal anwenden, ohne dass sich die Testlisten wiederholen. Es bedarf jedoch einer praktischen Überprüfung der berechneten Ergebnisse.
Endoscopic Mucosal Incision to Remove a Chain of Magnets Completely Embedded under the Gastric Mucosa
Authors: Doiphode Mandar Vijay , Nemade Pankaj , Mahadik Mahesh Rangrao , Bharambe Suyog , Landayan Hamilton John Reyes
Published: February 2024

The rising use of electronic toys containing magnets has led to an increased incidence of magnet ingestion in children. While endoscopic extraction is the preferred approach in these cases, challenges arise when multiple magnets get swallowed, which can erode through the mucosal surface and become embedded in fibrous tissue. Extraction using simple endoscopic techniques and instruments is not possible in such cases and many times, surgical intervention becomes necessary.

This case showcases the application of cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucous dissection principles and the use of magnetic forceps, enabling the safe and complete removal of the embedded magnet pieces and highlighting the remarkable effectiveness of advanced endoscopic techniques in managing this unique challenge. The multidisciplinary approach and tailored interventions demonstrated in this case underscore the importance of prompt and comprehensive evaluation in cases of ingested foreign bodies, particularly those involving multiple magnets
End-user perspectives on fintech services adoption in the Bangladesh insurance industry: the moderating role of trust
Authors: Hassan Md. Sharif , Islam Md. Aminul , Abdullah A. B. M. , Nasir Hussen
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on understanding the factors that influence end-users’ (customers’) acceptance of fintech services in the insurance industry. The study employed a modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 model, incorporating perceived security and personal innovativeness as independent variables, and trust as a moderating variable. A total of 391 responses were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software. The study’s findings indicate that factors such as effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived, and personal innovativeness positively affect users’ behavioral intention (BI) to use fintech services in the insurance industry. Moreover, BI positively influences the actual use (AU) of fintech services. Additionally, trust plays a positive moderating role between BI and AU. The results of this study have practical implications for academicians, researchers, insurance companies, and insurance regulatory bodies. Academicians and researchers can further explore the acceptance of fintech in developing countries based on these findings. Insurance companies and regulatory bodies can take necessary steps and formulate strategies to promote the adoption of fintech services in the insurance industry, considering the identified factors and the role of trust.
Wellbore pressure model for drilling fluid in ultra-deep rock salt formations at high temperatures and pressures
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Li Mu , Zhao Qing , Song Xianzhi , Zhang Ruisong , Yang Lele
Published: February 2024

The Kuqa Mountain front area of Tarim is rich in oil and gas resources, but the development of ultra-deep rock salt formation is common, leading to a narrow safety density window and significant impacts on engineering operation safety and wellbore quality, such as overflow and leakage. Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is an effective solution to the problem of drilling in narrow density windows, and a precise wellbore pressure calculation method is essential to ensure the reasonable determination of MPD parameters. Conventional wellbore pressure models treat fluid properties as constant and do not consider the impact of ultra-deep rock salt formation on wellbore pressure calculation, leading to incomplete calculation accuracy that cannot fully meet engineering requirements. In this paper, an improved wellbore temperature field model coupled with the rock salt formation is established. Additionally, rheological experiments on drilling fluids used in the field are conducted and a prediction model for shear stress and density is established based on the varying degrees of temperature and pressure influences. Based on the temperature field of the wellbore and the rheological experimental, a wellbore pressure prediction model is established, and field application is conducted in Keshen Well X. By comparing the measured values, the overall error does not exceed 5%. Compared with neighboring blocks, the rate of penetration has been increased by 73.8%, and the drilling efficiency has been significantly improved. The use of wellbore pressure calculation method, which is studied in this paper, has facilitated efficient operations in drilling ultra-deep rock salt formation.
The K41 theory and turbulence in 1D Burgers equation
Authors: Kuksin Sergei
Published: February 2024

This work is a review of a group of results on the stochastic Burgers equation with small viscosity, obtained during the last two decades. These results jointly show that the equation makes a good model of hydrodynamical turbulence. The model provides natural and rigorously justified analogies of a number of key predictions of the theory of turbulence, including the main assertions of the Kolmogorov approach to turbulence, known as the K41 theory. The presentation is based on the recent book by Boritchev and Kuksin, One-Dimensional Turbulence and the Stochastic Burgers Equation (AMS, 2021) and on two papers that develop the book’s results. Part of the assertions that we review here together with their rigorous proofs were earlier heuristically proved in works of physicists.
Hydrodynamics of pitching hydrofoil in a plane Poiseuille flow
Authors: Dutta Soumitra , Raj Apurva , Lakkaraju Rajaram , Roy Somnath
Published: February 2024

Several advanced medical and engineering tasks, such as microsurgery, drug delivery through arteries, pipe inspection, and sewage cleaning, can be more efficiently handled using micro- and nano-robots. Pressure-driven flows are commonly encountered in these practical scenarios. In our current research, we delve into the hydrodynamics of pitching hydrofoils within narrow channels, which may find their potential applications in designing bio-inspired robots capable of navigating through pressure-driven flows in confined channels. In this paper, we have conducted a numerical investigation into the flow characteristics of a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0012 hydrofoil pitching around its leading edge within a plane Poiseuille flow using a graphical processing unit accelerated sharp interface immersed boundary method solver. Our study considers variations of the wall clearance from 20% to 50% of the channel width. We have explored the hydrodynamic features such as instantaneous and time-averaged values of lift, drag, input power, and torque for different wall clearance ratios and oscillation frequencies in the range of Reynolds number 100–200 based on the mean velocity and channel width. We have tried to explain the force, torque, and power variations by examining the flow features in the near wake. While the hydrodynamic coefficients showed significant variations with changes in wall clearance and the Strouhal number (St), we did not observe significant variations with alterations in the Reynolds number (Re).
Kilovolt-class β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs on 1-in. bulk substrates
Authors: Peterson Carl , Alema Fikadu , Bhattacharyya Arkka , Ling Ziliang , Roy Saurav , Osinsky Andrei , Krishnamoorthy Sriram
Published: February 2024

We report on the demonstration of β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs fabricated on 1-in. bulk substrates using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) with disilane (Si2H6) as the silicon precursor. Sheet charge uniformity of the as-grown films was measured via Hall and ranged from 5.9–6.7 × 1012 cm−2 with a uniform Hall mobility of 125–129 cm2/V s across the sample. MOSFET devices with a source-drain length of 5.1 μm were measured across the wafer and had a minimum on-resistance (RON) of 47.87 Ω mm with a maximum on-current (ION) of 165 mA/mm. For these same devices, the on-current (ION) and pinch-off voltage (VP) uniformity across the wafer were 137 ± 12 mA/mm and −27.3 ± 7.3 V, respectively. Devices showed low reverse leakage current until catastrophic breakdown occurred, with measured breakdown voltages (VBR) of up to 2.15 kV. This work provides valuable insights into understanding the growth, fabrication, and characterization processes for β-Ga2O3 FETs on full wafer-scale substrates. It also projects the promise of developing lateral β-Ga2O3 FETs with high current-carrying capabilities and breakdown voltages, especially on substrates of 1 in. or larger.
A variant of improved discrete velocity method for efficient simulation of flows in entire Knudsen number regimes
Authors: Yuan Z. Y. , Yang L. M. , Shu C. , Jiang K. , Zhang L. Q.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a variant of the improved discrete velocity method (VIDVM) is proposed for flows in the whole Knudsen number regimes. This method retains the advantage of the improved discrete velocity method (IDVM), which calculates numerical fluxes through a self-adaptive strategy by combining the microscopic reconstruction and the macroscopic reconstruction. Like the IDVM, the microscopic reconstruction for VIDVM is also based on the collisionless Boltzmann solver. However, different from IDVM, the macroscopic reconstruction for VIDVM is established on the Euler solver instead of the Navier–Stokes solver. Considering that the Euler solver merely computes the inviscid fluxes while the Navier–Stokes solver additionally calculates the viscous fluxes, the present method could be more efficient than IDVM. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the present scheme, some benchmark cases from the continuum regime to the free molecular regime are conducted. Results reveal that the present scheme can predict the flow as well as IDVM, but the present solver is more efficient than IDVM.
Experimental characterization of a mode-localized acceleration sensor integrating electrostatically coupled resonators
Authors: Lyu Ming , Zhao Jian , Kacem Najib , Wu Rigumala , Sun Rongjian
Published: February 2024

A novel mode-localized acceleration sensor employing an electrostatically coupled resonator and integrating a lever with proof mass is micromachined using standard silicon on insulator (SOI) technology. In order to determine the linear dynamic range of the sensor, a reduced order model is developed while assuming that the resonators vibrate below the critical amplitude. Then, open-loop and closed-loop testing platforms are established to measure the performance of the linearly operating accelerometer in a vacuum environment (less than 5 Pa). Moreover, the corresponding amplifier circuit based on the capacitive detection principle is designed in order to extract and amplify the current signal from the resonators. The obtained results show that the accelerometer sensitivity can be increased by three orders of magnitude when using the relative shift of amplitude ratio as the output metric instead of the relative shift of frequency, and the experimental measurements are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Remarkably, the Allan standard deviation of the mode-localized acceleration sensor obtained from the closed-loop testing circuit is around 5.03 μg.
Highly efficient implementation of analytic nonadiabatic derivative couplings within the pseudospectral method
Authors: Cao Yixiang , Halls Mathew D. , Friesner Richard A.
Published: February 2024

A pseudospectral implementation of nonadiabatic derivative couplings in the Tamm–Dancoff approximation is reported, and the accuracy and efficiency of the pseudospectral nonadiabatic derivative couplings are studied. Our results demonstrate that the pseudospectral method provides mean absolute errors of 0.2%–1.9%, while providing a significant speedup. Benchmark calculations on fullerenes (Cn, n up to 100) using B3LYP achieved 10- to 15-fold, 8- to 17-fold, and 43- to 75-fold speedups for 6-31G**, 6-31++G**, and cc-pVTZ basis sets, respectively, when compared to the conventional spectral method.
A hybrid Decoder-DeepONet operator regression framework for unaligned observation data
Authors: Chen Bo , Wang Chenyu , Li Weipeng , Fu Haiyang
Published: February 2024

Deep neural operators (DNOs) have been utilized to approximate nonlinear mappings between function spaces. However, DNOs are confronted with challenges stemming from expanded dimensionality and computational costs tied to unaligned observation data, which ultimately compromise the accuracy of predictions. In this study, we present a hybrid Decoder-DeepONet framework to effectively handle unaligned data. This framework is advanced through its extension to the Multi-Decoder-DeepONet, which leverages an average field to enhance input augmentation. Furthermore, on the basis of the universal approximation theorem, we demonstrate that these frameworks preserve consistencies with operator approximation theory despite the substitution of the product with a decoder net. Two numerical experiments, Darcy problem and flow-field around an airfoil, are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods over conventional DeepONet approaches. The results reveal that both Decoder-DeepONet and Multi-Decoder-DeepONet utilize more compact training data dimensions and occupy less space, markedly enhancing prediction accuracy in the context of unaligned data.
Interplay of fluid rheology and micro-patterning toward modulating draining characteristics on an inclined substrate
Authors: Das Arka , Kumar Avinash , Bakli Chirodeep
Published: February 2024

We investigate a gravity-driven thin film flow of a non-Newtonian liquid over an inclined micro-patterned surface. We demonstrate the effect of micro-patterning on the film draining rate and the velocity profile by varying the relative slit width (Tr) and the length of the periodic irregularities (L). We unveil the interplay of the substrate structure and the fluid rheology by modeling the non-Newtonian thin film using the Carreau model, and the rheology of the film is varied for different values of power index n. Through numerical simulations, we delineate the effects of inertia, viscous, and capillary forces on the physics of thin film flow. We report a significant augmentation of flow velocity for both shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids as a result of substrate micro-patterning, with the relative slit width playing a dominant role while the length of the periodic irregularities has only a minor influence on drainage characteristics. However, when the sole effect of fluid rheology is considered, flow velocity enhances for pseudoplastic fluid and decreases for dilatant fluid in comparison to Newtonian fluid. We examine the combined effect of rheology and substrate topography, revealing the dominating influence of micro-patterning at high slit-widths, while the fluid rheology has a greater role to play at lower slit-widths. We also demonstrate that the susceptibility of flow physics on varying rheology or topography is greatest for low viscosity liquids. Finally, we mark different regimes where the augmentation of average velocity and surface velocity are individually achieved. Hence, we propose a suitable combination of substrate structure and fluid rheology to engineer a flow characteristic. Based on the suitability for various applications, we provide the key to simultaneously optimizing the fluid rheology and substrate micro-patterning for precise engineering and controlling the draining characteristics of a thin film.
Forced extension of a wormlike chain in the Gibbs and Helmholtz ensembles
Authors: Andersen Nigel T. , Chen Jeff Z. Y.
Published: February 2024

A semiflexible polymer can be stretched by either applying a force to it or by fixing the positions of its endpoints. The two approaches generally yield different results and correspond to experiments performed in either the Gibbs or Helmholtz statistical ensembles. Here, we derive the Helmholtz force-extension relationship for the commonly used wormlike-chain model in the strongly stretched regime. By analyzing it in comparison with the Gibbs ensemble result, we show that equivalence between the two relationships is achieved only in the long-chain thermodynamic limit.