bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Polarization in Viral Infectious Diseases: Confrontation with the Reality
Authors: Abou Atmeh Perla , Mezouar Soraya , Mège Jean-Louis
Published: July 2022

The role of macrophages in viral infections is well documented. Their activation status also called macrophage polarization categorized by the dichotomy of M1 and M2 phenotype remained poorly investigated. Recent studies have shown the complexity of macrophage polarization in response to viral infection and the limits of its use in infected individuals. The aim of this chapter is to reappraise the concept of macrophage polarization in viral infectious diseases, which are more complicated than the models of macrophage-virus interaction. If this concept has been largely used to describe activation status of myeloid cells in experimental conditions, it has to be assessed in light of high-throughput technologies at molecular and phenotypic levels. We update knowledge on macrophage polarization in viral infectious diseases with a special attention for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leading to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hence, we propose an overview of the concept of macrophages as targets for therapeutic intervention in viral infectious disease. Finally, we tempted to focus our approach on patient investigation restricting the use of in vitro experiments and animal models to mechanistic questions.
Perspective Chapter: The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health – The Protective Role of Resilience and Capacity for Mentalizing
Authors: Safiye Teodora , Gutić Medo , Milidrag Ardea , Zlatanović Milena , Radmanović Branimir
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous psychological impact worldwide, and represents an unprecedented threat to mental health. There are significant individual differences in adaptation to a stressful situation such as a pandemic, which depends on personality characteristics and psychological resources such as resilience and capacity for mentalizing. Research shows that a good capacity for mentalizing and resilience are a protective factors for mental health, which can be acquired through an appropriate education and training programs. The objective of this chapter is to summarize the extant literature reporting on mental health, ie. the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and others forms of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. An additional objective is to identify the role of preventive factors: resilience and capacity for mentalizing, which are associated with mental health. Findings from the extensive scientific literature prove that the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of mental health problems by a massive 25% worldwide and that resilience and good mental capacity play a significant role in reducing mental health disorders.
A Study on Metal 3D Printing Internal Pore Control for the Fabrication of Metal Scaffolds
Authors: Jin Byeong-Ju , Park Ki-Young
Published: July 2022

In the treatment of diseases using medical bone scaffolds, it is necessary to design a customized bone scaffold according to the type of individual damage to restore normal bone function based on the damage information of each patient. In addition, the bone scaffold should serve to promote the regeneration of damaged bone in the patient. Compared to a rigid scaffold, a patterned scaffold inserted into a living body promotes bone formation more effectively. Therefore, using a metal 3D printer, it is important to incorporate artificial voids by controlling process variables so that the metal scaffold that replaces damaged bone can form a good bond with live tissue cells. In this study, Ti-6Al-4V ELI, which is actively used in the fields of medical implants and medical devices because of its excellent biocompatibility, was used to fabricate a metal hybrid scaffold that also provides external support. As for the process method, specimen production was conducted by controlling process parameters of the selective laser melting (SLM) method, which is one of the metal 3D printing techniques. Specimens fabricated for each scenario were analyzed by measuring flexural strength, and by imaging via optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For OM analysis, the porosity was measured for each case and compared with the flexural strength. Thus, it was possible to adjust the strength by varying the internal pores via the process variables of the metal 3D printer. Accordingly, basic research was conducted to fabricate a metal osseous scaffold with strength similar to that of bone.
Governance, competitiveness and innovation
Authors: Pereira da Silva Carlos
Published: July 2022

Text introductori amb un breu resum del contingut de les actes publicades al capítol: Governance, Competiveness and Innovation.
Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en la Planificación territorial: Amenazas naturales caso Latacunga-Ecuador
Authors: Calles Ortiz Johana Paola
Published: July 2022

En los últimos años, hemos evidenciado las devastadoras consecuencias que dejan las emergencias y desastres en Latinoamérica y el mundo. En Ecuador, uno de los casos registrados, es la erupción del volcán Tungurahua, con su episodio fuerte en 2006; que dejó víctimas mortales, infraestructura destruida y severos impactos sociales, ambientales y económicos. Como éste, existe la gran probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos similares, por lo que se considera; realizar el análisis de riesgos, ante la “posible erupción del volcán Cotopaxi”, que se reactivó en el año 2015 y compromete centros poblados. Así también, se pretende analizar los mecanismos de respuesta utilizados en ambos casos, para determinar si las ciudades ecuatorianas están preparadas ante la ocurrencia de situaciones adversas. Considerando que, la incorporación de la gestión de riesgos, es una herramienta clave para reducir la vulnerabilidad en las ciudades y minimizar los impactos en caso de una emergencia o desastre.

In recent years, we have witnessed the devastating consequences that emergencies and disasters leave in Latin America and the world. In Ecuador, one of the registered cases is the eruption of the Tungurahua volcano, with its strong episode in 2006; that left fatalities, destroyed infrastructure and severe social, environmental and economic impacts. Like this one, there is a great probability of occurrence of similar events, so it is considered; carry out the risk analysis, given the “possible eruption of the Cotopaxi volcano”, which was reactivated in 2015 and compromises populated centers. Likewise, it is intended to analyze the response mechanisms used in both cases, to determine if Ecuadorian cities are prepared for the occurrence of adverse situations. Considering that the incorporation of risk management is a key tool to reduce vulnerability in cities and minimize impacts in the event of an emergency or disaster.
A morphometric approach and recircumscription of the Stachytarpheta longispicata complex (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Cardoso Pedro Henrique , Menini Neto Luiz , Somavilla Nádia Silvia , Trovó Marcelo
Published: July 2022

The Stachytarpheta longispicata complex is a group of seven accepted infraspecific taxa endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, defined by its pedicellate flowers with salmon or dark red corollas. Due to the great morphological variation and very brief original descriptions, these taxa have controversial circumscriptions. We evaluated the morphological variation through the morphometric analysis of 11 natural populations in addition to nomenclatural types to assess the current infraspecific circumscriptions and clarify the limits of these taxa. A set of 36 continuous vegetative and reproductive characters was measured for each of the 115 specimens sampled, encompassing the morphological variability in the group and its geographic distribution. A compiled data matrix formed the basis for the multivariate analysis (UPGMA, PCA, and DA). Our results recovered five consistent groups corresponding to the four subspecies, and all three recognised varieties treated in the same morphological group. Quantitative and qualitative characters not previously studied in detail are important to delimit the five groups. A taxonomic rearrangement is proposed for the complex, circumscribing five distinct species: Stachytarpheta brevibracteata, S. longipedicellata, S. longispicata, S. minasensis, and S. ratteri. The taxonomic treatment includes four new combinations and names at new rank, two new synonyms, and one lectotype. Descriptions, an identification key, geographical distribution map, illustrations, and provisional conservation assessments are also provided.
Ensino de Química em Libras: Estado da Arte de sinais-termo químicos no Brasil
Authors: Barth Maitê Thainara , Faria Fernanda Luiza de , Corrêa Fabiana Schmitt
Published: July 2022

Em um mundo em que as diferenças são marginalizadas, alunos surdos tendem a ser deixados de lado por conta da imposição oralista da comunicação. Contra essa corrente, esse artigo tem como objetivo a elaboração de um Estado da Arte de pesquisas que se debruçam no desenvolvimento e/ou compilação de sinais-termo para serem utilizados no ensino de Química. Ao investigar as plataformas de periódicos CAPES e BDTD utilizando as palavras-chave: Libras, Química, glossário, sinal e sinal-termo, identificou-se nove pesquisas, sendo a primeira publicada no ano de 2011. Todas as pesquisas são dissertações de mestrado vinculadas principalmente a áreas de concentração de educação/ensino de Ciências ou Química, revelando a preocupação desses profissionais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes surdos. Analisando a organização dos glossários encontrados, percebe-se minúcias que dificultam o acesso e entendimento dos verbetes, bem como compreensão da sinalização disposta. Ao total, foram identificadas 286 palavras diferentes presentes nas pesquisas, 355 sinais-termo para representá-las e, apesar disso, diversas palavras importantes do contexto químico não tiveram sinalização encontrada. Desse modo, a produção de glossários de sinais-termo químicos em Libras apresenta-se como temática de estudo com diversas possibilidades a serem aprimoradas e exploradas.
Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo em Minas Gerais: Panorama da Formação Médica
Authors: Nogueira Maria Luísa Magalhães , Batista Cássia Beatriz , Moulin Marina Santos , Silva Jardel Sander da
Published: July 2022

O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, cuja etiologia não apresenta fatores bem definidos com evidências de predisposição genética, mas com diagnóstico clínico. Apresenta-se atualmente como questão de saúde pública em virtude da alta prevalência. A intervenção precoce especializada e intensiva é determinante para um bom prognóstico. Daí a importância de que os médicos realizem triagem de indicadores do Transtorno do Espectro Autista para encaminhamento à estimulação e acesso aos direitos. A nota técnica do MEC (2013) orienta os sistemas de ensino sobre o TEA para uma formação em saúde que contemple conhecimentos acerca da deficiência, e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina também alinham-se a essa orientação. Tendo em vista este cenário, objetivou-se documentar e compreender a presença de conteúdos sobre TEA nos currículos de graduação médica em Minas Gerais. Foram analisados Projetos Pedagógicos, matrizes curriculares e ementários de 29 cursos mineiros. Os conteúdos teórico-metodológicos foram organizados entre psicopatologia/psiquiatria e saúde da criança/pediatria. A análise documental indica a ausência de especificação de tais conteúdos nos currículos de medicina, ou seja, a ênfase para esta questão de saúde pública ainda requer esforços para mudar a educação médica.
Olhares sobre Tecnologia Assistiva e Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem: encruzilhadas, intersecções, insurgências
Authors: Conte Elaine , Habowski Adilson Cristiano
Published: July 2022

O artigo apresenta problemáticas sobre Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) e Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem (DUA), no sentido de oferecer estímulos a uma visão panorâmica da educação inclusiva no Brasil, em suas múltiplas encruzilhadas, intersecções e insurgências, que mobilizam deslocamentos do olhar. Trata-se de discutir, por uma perspectiva de investigação hermenêutica, os impulsos gerados por práticas educacionais de TA e de DUA no processo de reconhecimento mútuo, de interação social e de construção de aprendizagens coletivas, para promover o exercício da cidadania no trabalho pedagógico de acolher a pessoa como ela é. Ao final do texto, sublinhamos que o sentido das tecnologias para a humanidade é justamente fortalecer o intercâmbio de ideias, o reconhecimento mútuo de pedagogias do encontro com as diferenças, para que todos possam aprender, superando assim as desigualdades. Cabe a nós alargarmos a compreensão da TA somada aos princípios de DUA, como dimensão relacional, da dialetização entre ensino e aprendizagem coletiva, que nos torna humanos, trazendo a linguagem de múltiplas correspondências com a realidade da educação inclusiva e dos processos sócio-históricos e culturais, em diálogos aprendentes e de escuta sensível com os diferentes mundos com características radicalmente potentes.
Terminalidade Específica na educação superior como escuta da diversidade
Authors: Miranda Daniele Claudia , Ribeiro Sonia Maria , Rausch Rita Buzzi
Published: July 2022

Este artigo refere-se a um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação na Universidade da Região de Joinville (SC), na linha de pesquisa Trabalho e Formação Docente, e se propôs a investigar a utilização de Terminalidade Específica (TE) na educação superior. Para tanto, entrevistamos uma professora do curso de Educação Especial da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) que planejou e executou TE para uma estudante público-alvo da educação especial. Como objetivo geral nossos esforços se concentraram em identificar os elementos críticos-reflexivos que motivaram a professora durante o planejamento e aplicação da TE. Para entender as razões fez-se necessário seguir com alguns delineamentos na pesquisa, ou seja, a possibilidade de tratar a TE em um cenário de inclusão de estudantes público-alvo da educação especial na educação superior, vindo ao encontro com as necessidades de reduzir a evasão e possibilitar a progressão dos estudos com conhecimentos suficientes que a formação requer para a qualificação profissional. A pesquisa se caracterizou como qualitativa e exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso, uma vez que foi possível conhecer mais sobre a aplicabilidade da TE no contexto da Universidade. Como resultado verificamos que a TE tornou-se possível com o empenho da professora a partir do que considerou ser importante para iniciar a etapa, a qual chamou de “escuta da diversidade”, aliada às parcerias que estabeleceu durante o processo formativo da estudante, que envolveu uma equipe multiprofissional ligada a outras áreas e setores da UFSM.
Soroban dos inteiros: material para o ensino de números inteiros a estudantes cegos
Authors: Felipe Natali Angela , Basniak Maria Ivete , Silva Sani de Carvalho Rutz da
Published: July 2022

Este artigo investigou as características que deve possuir um material concreto que favoreça a compreensão epistemológica de números inteiros por estudantes cegos. A lente teórico-metodológica utilizada pautou-se na Perspectiva Lógico-histórica e nexos conceituais articulada ao uso de materiais concretos para o ensino de matemática a estudantes cegos. Os resultados da pesquisa, revelaram o ábaco dos inteiros como material adequado ao ensino de números inteiros a estudantes videntes, cuja abordagem pedagógica pode ser utilizada com estudantes cegos se, adaptado às características do soroban, utilizado por estudantes cegos para registros e operações com números naturais. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido o soroban dos inteiros, o qual, por meio do desenvolvimento de tarefas por uma aluna cega, mostrou-se um material adequado para o ensino de números inteiros a estudantes cegos. Concluiu-se que o soroban dos inteiros pode ser um material de inclusão de estudantes cegos, ao permitir que estudantes cegos e videntes estudem os números inteiros sob a mesma perspectiva epistemológica que favoreça sua compreensão.
BiBliography of the Works of Adam Ziółkowski (Collegit Jakub Gruchalski)
Authors: Gruchalski Jakub
Published: July 2022

BiBliography of the Works of Adam Ziółkowski
San Pietro in Vincoli, Pope John II, and the Mystery of Urbiclus Cedrinus
Authors: Nowakowski Paweł
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the author offers a new edition and commentary on an inscription from the church of San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, recording a donation to this church by a certain presbyter Severus (PCBE Italie 2: s.v. Sever(u)s 20), under the patronage of Pope John II Mercurius (533–535). From 1568 onwards, the inscription, usually cited as ILCV 1780 (ed. E. Diehl) has attracted the attention of a number of already early modern scholars, who have offered different readings and dating of this text and have described its changing display location in the building. These aspects of the inscription’s history have been entirely absent from present-day studies of this church, and a need for a proper edition has been increasingly pressing. Alongside the editorial part, the author refers to the enigmatic urbiclus cedrinus, specified in the inscription as the object donated by Severus. Several different possible inter- pretations of this term are examined, including the now prevalent identification as a ‘small cedar disk’ by Giusto Fontanini (1727), and a new option is suggested: that it was a cedar panel decorating the door.
Capsule enteroscopy versus small-bowel ultrasonography for the detection and differential diagnosis of intestinal diseases
Authors: Elli Luca , Centorrino Erica , Costantino Andrea , Vecchi Maurizio , Orlando Stefania , Fraquelli Mirella
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: Capsule enteroscopy (CE) and intestinal ultrasonography (IUS) are techniques that are currently used for investigating small-bowel (SB) diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the main imaging findings and the lesion detection rate (LDR) of CE and IUS in different clinical scenarios involving the SB.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent CE and IUS for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), complicated celiac disease (CeD), and suspected or known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We evaluated the LDR of both techniques. The accuracy of IUS was determined using CE as the reference standard.Results: A total of 159 patients (113 female; mean age, 49±19 years) were enrolled. The LDR was 55% and 33% for CE and IUS (p<0.05), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the LDR of CE was significantly higher than that of IUS in patients with OGIB (62% vs. 14%, p<0.05) and CeD (55% vs. 35%, p<0.05). IUS showed a similar LDR to CE in patients with suspected or known IBD (51% vs. 46%, p=0.83).Conclusions: CE should be preferred in cases of OGIB and CeD, whereas IUS should be considered an early step in the diagnosis and follow-up of IBD even in patients with a proximal SB localization of the disease.
Application of a traction metal clip with a fishhook-like device in wound sutures after endoscopic resection
Authors: Fangjun Wang , Xia Leng , Yi Gao , Xiuyun Shen , Wenping Wang , Huamin Liu , Pengfei Liu
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: Endoscopic wound suturing is an important factor that affects the ability to remove large and full-thickness lesions during endoscopic resection. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a traction metal clip with a fishhook-like device on wound sutures after endoscopic resection.Methods: From July 2020 to April 2021, patients who met the enrollment criteria were treated with a fishhook-like device during the operation to suture the postoperative wound (group A). Patients with similar conditions and similar size wounds who were treated with a “purse-string suture” to suture the wounds were retrospectively analyzed as the control group (group B). Difference in the suture rate, adverse events, time required for suturing, and number of metal clips were compared between the two groups.Results: The time required for suturing was 7.72±0.51 minutes in group A and 11.50±0.91 minutes in group B. This difference was statistically significant (F=13.071, p=0.001). The number of metal clamps used in group A averaged 8.1 pieces/case, and the number of metal clamps used in group B averaged 7.3 pieces/case. This difference was not statistically significant (F=0.971, p>0.05).Conclusions: The traction metal clip with the fishhook-like device is ingeniously designed and easy to operate. It has a good suture effect on the wound after endoscopic submucosal dissection and effectively prevents postoperative adverse events.
Intralesional steroid infusion using a spray tube to prevent stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection of esophageal cancer
Authors: Goto Atsushi , Okamoto Takeshi , Ogawa Ryo , Hamabe Kouichi , Hashimoto Shinichi , Nishikawa Jun , Takami Taro
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: Intralesional steroid injections have been administered as prophylaxis for stenosis after esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection. However, this method carries a risk of potential complications such as perforation because a fine needle is used to directly puncture the postoperative ulcer. We devised a new method of steroid intralesional infusion using a spray tube and evaluated its efficacy and safety.Methods: Intralesional steroid infusion using a spray tube was performed on 27 patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer with three-quarters or more of the lumen circumference resected. The presence or absence of stenosis, complications, and the number of endoscopic balloon dilations (EBDs) performed were evaluated after treatment.Results: Although stenosis was not observed in 22 of the 27 patients, five patients had stenosis and dysphagia requiring EBD. The stenosis in these five patients was relieved after four EBDs. No complications related to intralesional steroid infusion using the spray tube were observed.Conclusions: Intralesional steroid infusion using a spray tube is a simple and safe technique that is adequately effective in preventing stenosis Clinical trial number (UMIN000037567).
Factors influencing endoscopic estimation of colon polyp size in a colon model
Authors: Beukema Koen Robert , Simmering Jaimy A. , Brusse-Keizer Marjolein , John Sneha , Quispel Rutger , Mensink Peter B.
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: Colorectal polyps are removed to prevent progression to colorectal cancer. Polyp size is an important factor for risk stratification of malignant transformation. Endoscopic size estimation correlates poorly with pathological reports and several factors have been suggested to influence size estimation. We aimed to gain insight into the factors influencing endoscopic polyp size estimation.Methods: Images of polyps in an artificial model were obtained at 1, 3, and 5 cm from the colonoscope’s tip. Participants were asked to estimate the diameter and volume of each polyp.Results: Fifteen endoscopists from three large-volume centers participated in this study. With an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.71) for diameter and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.50–0.62) for volume. Polyp size estimated at 3 cm from the colonoscope’s tip yielded the best results. A lower distance between the tip and the polyp was associated with a larger estimated polyp size.Conclusions: Correct endoscopic estimation of polyp size remains challenging. This finding can affect size estimation skills and future training programs for endoscopists.
Endoscopic activity in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical significance and application in practice
Authors: Kim Kyeong Ok
Published: July 2022

Endoscopy is vital for diagnosing, assessing treatment response, and monitoring surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With the growing importance of mucosal healing as a treatment target, the assessment of disease activity by endoscopy has been accepted as the standard of care for IBD. There are many endoscopic activity indices for facilitating standardized reporting of the gastrointestinal mucosal appearance in IBD, and each index has its strengths and weaknesses. Although most endoscopic indices do not have a clear-cut validated definition, endoscopic remission or mucosal healing is associated with favorable outcomes, such as a decreased risk of relapse. Therefore, experts suggest utilizing endoscopic indices for monitoring disease activity and optimizing treatment to achieve remission. However, the regular monitoring of endoscopic activity is limited in practice owing to several factors, such as the complexity of the procedure, time consumption, inter-observer variability, and lack of a clear-cut, validated definition of endoscopic response or remission. Although experts have recently suggested consensus-based definitions, further studies are needed to define the values that can predict long-term outcomes.
No clear support for differential influences of visuospatial and phonological resources on mental arithmetic: A Registered Report
Authors: Chen Edward H. , Bailey Drew H. , Jaeggi Susanne M.
Published: July 2022

Several working memory processes have been hypothesized to influence different arithmetic operations. Working memory has been compartmentalized into a number of different sub-processes, such as phonological memory and visuospatial memory that are believed to have unique contributions to the performance of two distinct arithmetic operations: multiplication and subtraction. A previous dual task experiment produced these effects, but subsequent experiments have yielded inconsistent results. Because the reasons for these inconsistencies are not immediately apparent, the current study systematically reviewed these subsequent attempts and attempted to replicate this effect in a within-subjects dual task experiment using tasks developed from prior work across a number of different subsamples. In contrast to the original finding, we observed no differential impact of specific working memory secondary tasks by arithmetic operation in any of our analyses. However, our analyses do not entirely rule out the possibility of differential effects of working memory tasks. Our findings suggest that the working memory facet by arithmetic operation interactions observed in previous work may be idiosyncratic in nature and difficult to predict a priori in subsequent experiments.
Prof. dr. Alexandru Moruzi s life cues and opening lesson at the Faculty of medicine of iași
Authors:   “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi - Romania, Baran Dana
Published: July 2022

Professor Dr. Alexandru Moruzi lived in the first half of the XX century. Born in an aristocratic family, he studied in Paris where he graduated from both high school and the Faculty of Medicine. It was also in Paris that Moruzi worked as a young doctor and specialised in general surgery and neurosurgery, a domain that just then was being born as an independent field. He was trained in Dr. Maurice Robineau`s service and in Professor Thierry de Martel`s surgery clinic, two outstanding French medical personalities of the time. In October 1929, Dr. Moruzi returned to Bucharest, where he completed his military service and enrolled as a reserve medical officer lieutenant. In 1930 he was a secondary surgeon in the Third Surgical Clinic of the Coltea Hospital in Bucharest, directed by the great surgeon, Prof. Dr. Amza Jianu, a pioneering Romanian neurosurgeon. One year later, in 1931, Moruzi started his brilliant career in Iasi, when he was appointed senior [primar] doctor in the Surgery Service of the “Caritatea” [Charity] Hospital. A complex medical personality, he systematically opened new fields of surgical activity and teaching, in keeping with the latest advances of Western European medicine. Due to his qualities and expertise, Prof. Dr. Leon Ballif, director of the “Socola” Hospital of Nervous and Mental Diseases in Iasi, decided to set up a separate pavilion for neurosurgical interventions in 1933, and Moruzi was appointed coordinator of this first Neurosurgery Service ever established in Romania. Little by little, similarly to his masters, De Martel and Robineau, Moruzi enabled neurosurgery to gain the status of an autonomous branch of surgery in his country, too. An assistant professor since 1935, he was promoted full professor of the Faculty of Medicine of Iasi, in 1938. He became professor of External Pathology and Surgery and Orthopedic, as well as professor of Surgery Clinic and Diseases of the Urinary Tract. During World War II he assisted the wounded with great devotion. This article outlines several aspects of Professor Moruzi`s professional life and points out the main ideas of his inaugural lecture, given in November 1938. Not only outstanding medical personalities and their work were sketched, but concepts, trends, tendencies and debates were pointed out, reflecting the complex surgery metamorphoses of those days. Alexandru Moruzi lived in a revolutionary era of surgery and he took part in the important modernisation of medical teaching and practice in Iasi. Until now, his lecture illustrates a substantial and personally experienced lesson of history of medicine.
3D single cell migration driven by temporal correlation between oscillating force dipoles
Authors: Godeau Amélie Luise , Leoni Marco , Comelles Jordi , Guyomar Tristan , Lieb Michele , Delanoë-Ayari Hélène , Ott Albrecht , Harlepp Sebastien , Sens Pierre , Riveline Daniel
Published: July 2022

Directional cell locomotion requires symmetry breaking between the front and rear of the cell. In some cells, symmetry breaking manifests itself in a directional flow of actin from the front to the rear of the cell. Many cells, especially in physiological 3D matrices, do not show such coherent actin dynamics and present seemingly competing protrusion/retraction dynamics at their front and back. How symmetry breaking manifests itself for such cells is therefore elusive. We take inspiration from the scallop theorem proposed by Purcell for micro-swimmers in Newtonian fluids: self-propelled objects undergoing persistent motion at low Reynolds number must follow a cycle of shape changes that breaks temporal symmetry. We report similar observations for cells crawling in 3D. We quantified cell motion using a combination of 3D live cell imaging, visualization of the matrix displacement, and a minimal model with multipolar expansion. We show that our cells embedded in a 3D matrix form myosin-driven force dipoles at both sides of the nucleus, that locally and periodically pinch the matrix. The existence of a phase shift between the two dipoles is required for directed cell motion which manifests itself as cycles with finite area in the dipole-quadrupole diagram, a formal equivalence to the Purcell cycle. We confirm this mechanism by triggering local dipolar contractions with a laser. This leads to directed motion. Our study reveals that these cells control their motility by synchronizing dipolar forces distributed at front and back. This result opens new strategies to externally control cell motion as well as for the design of micro-crawlers.
Exploration of the usability quality attributes of mobile government services: a literature review
Authors: Desmal Abdulla Jaafar , Hamid Suraya , Othman Mohd Khalit , Zolait Ali
Published: July 2022

This article investigates and analyzes the usability quality attributes of mobile government services. The lack of previous research in the area of mobile government service quality encourages the researchers of the current work to select the usability quality dimension, which is considered one of the most significant parts of the mobile government service quality framework. Using the systematic literature reviews in the area of usability in human-computer interaction and software design, the main attributes are extracted and analyzed to fit into the context of mobile government services. Five quality attributes of the usability dimensions are identified for evaluation of the quality of services of mobile government. These attributes are efficiency, satisfaction, memorability, error and compatibility. The present research proposes a model that can be used to evaluate the usability of mobile government services. The attributes were extracted according to the mobility features with consideration of the service category (Government-To-Citizens). By measuring the usability quality of the mGovernment portal by the electronic government agencies, it leads to understanding the degree of usability of the provided services from the public’s perspective.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of four deep-sea echinoids: conserved mitogenome organization and new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Echinoidea
Authors: Sun Shao’e , Xiao Ning , Sha Zhongli
Published: July 2022

Echinoids are an important component in benthic marine environments, which occur at all depths from the shallow-water hard substrates to abyssal depths. To date, the phylogeny of the sea urchins and the macro-evolutionary processes of deep-sea and shallow water groups have not yet been fully resolved. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of four deep-sea sea urchins (Echinoidea), which were the first representatives of the orders Aspidodiadematoida, Pedinoida and Echinothurioida, respectively. The gene content and arrangement were highly conserved in echinoid mitogenomes. The tRNA-SerAGY with DHU arm was detected in the newly sequenced echinoid mitogenomes, representing an ancestral structure of tRNA-SerAGY. No difference was found between deep-sea and shallow water groups in terms of base composition and codon usage. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all the orders except Spatangoida were monophyletic. The basal position of Cidaroida was supported. The closest relationship of Scutelloida and Echinolampadoida was confirmed. Our phylogenetic analysis shed new light on the position of Arbacioida, which supported that Arbacioida was most related with the irregular sea urchins instead of Stomopneustoida. The position Aspidodiadematoida (((Aspidodiadematoida + Pedinoida) + Echinothurioida) + Diadematoida) revealed by mitogenomic data discredited the hypothesis based on morphological evidences. The macro-evolutionary pattern revealed no simple onshore-offshore or an opposite hypothesis. But the basal position of the deep-sea lineages indicated the important role of deep sea in generating the current diversity of the class Echinoidea.
Autotoxicity effect of water extracts from rhizosphere soil of Elymus sibiricus in different planting years on seed germination, physiological characteristics and phytohormones of seedlings
Authors: Yang Hang , Su Jinglong , Qi Juan
Published: July 2022

Elymus sibiricus is a highly valuable perennial forage that is widely planted in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region. However, E. sibiricus artificial grasslands have a short utilization lifespan, and reach the highest yield in the 2nd and 3rd year of plantation, then rapidly drop its productivity. We hypothesized that autotoxicity is one of the mechanisms for the reduction of the productivity. To test this hypothesis, we prepared the water extract from rhizosphere soils of E. sibiricus planted for 3, 4, 5, and 8 years and examined the effects of the extract concentrations at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/mL on seed germination, seedling growth, physiological characteristics and phytohormones in the aboveground and roots of E. sibiricus. The results showed that the soil extract concentration, planting years, and their interaction had significant influences on the most of these indices. The soil extract inhibited the seed germination and growth of seedlings, and the inhibitory effects appeared to be stronger at the 0.5 g/mL rhizosphere soil extract for 5 and 8 years. The superoxide dismultase and peroxide activities, the free proline concentration, soluble sugar concentration were altered. The malondialdehyde concentration was, in general, increased, especially in 8 years soil extract. The indole acetic acid and gibberellic acids concentrations were lowered, while the abscisic acid concentration varied. These changes were depending on the extract concentration and the years of planting, without clear patterns in some of them in response to the extract concentration and planting years. In summary, autotoxicity can be a contributor to the retardation of the growth and development of artificial E. sibiricus grasslands. The inhibitory effects could be attribute to impaired antioxidant capacity and disturbance of osmortic-regulatory substances and plant hormones, and are more profound on the root than on the aboveground part of the seedlings.
Minor and Marginal(ized)?
Authors: Sonik Karen
Published: July 2022

Alexander Woloch, in a pioneering 2003 study on literary characters and characterization, observed that narrative meaning emerges in the dynamic attention to and neglect of the characters, major and minor, who inhabit the same story but occupy different positions therein. This essay draws on Woloch’s theory and methods to analyze the Standard Babylonian (SB) Epic of Gilgamesh, taking the women of the narrative as its case study. Aruru, Ninsun, Shamhat, Aya, Ishtar, the scorpion-man’s woman, Shiduri, and Uta-napishti’s wife are here examined not as flat or stock characters but rather as individual personalities who often transcend both their constrained narrative spaces and the gendered (mis)characterizations applied to them in the scholarship of recent decades. In paying the women of the SB Epic of Gilgamesh the attention they deserve, this study sheds new light not only on the composition’s minor characters but also on its narrative structure and meaning.
Lost Oral Genesis of Classical Islamic Law
Authors: Soufi Youcef
Published: July 2022

This article places the textual production of classical Islamic law in its proper historical context. It does so by examining a transcript of an eleventh-century oral debate, or disputation (munāẓara), between the Shafiʿi and Hanafi jurists Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Ṭabarī (d. 450/1058) and Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ṭāliqānī (fl. fifth/eleventh century) on the subject of the pre-emptive expiation for broken oaths (taqdīm al-kaffāra ʿalā al-ḥinth). The comparison between the disputation transcript and al-Ṭabarī’s lengthy legal manual al-Taʿlīqa al-kubrā reveals that the complexity and argumentative detail of disputations far exceeded jurists’ writings. Even the lengthiest legal manuals of the time are shown to be highly summarized accounts of juristic thought. The article explains how these summaries were essential to the proper training of jurists in the age of ijtihād: jurists were expected to learn these summaries before exploring the law in greater depth through disputations. These disputations were rarely recorded in writing, and few survive. The disparity between the oral and written legal discourse of jurists leads to a disquieting conclusion: much of the thought that produced classical legal opinions is lost to us today. We are therefore left with access to an attenuated version of classical law.
Reassessing Rigvedic Strata
Authors: Hellwig Oliver , Scarlata Salvatore , Widmer Paul
Published: July 2022

It is commonly assumed that linguistically the Rigveda is a heterogeneous collection of texts. Since the early days of Vedic scholarship, researchers have tried to correlate grammatical properties with individual parts of the Rigveda, aiming at identifying layers and strata. In this article we review stratifications proposed in previous literature and assess the support for these strata by performing statistical analyses with allomorphic linguistic features that have been claimed to bear signals of stratification. In addition, we run a cluster analysis exploring how the books are grouped given the same allomorphic linguistic data. Our results show that once we control for metrical positioning, prosodic structure, and content, the allomorph distributions do not lend significant support for any of the proposed stratifications. Moreover, the cluster analysis favors the assumption that book 10 occupies a special position, but overall differences across the ten books of the Rigveda are not substantial.
Reading Jalhaṇa Reading Bilhaṇa
Authors: Cox Whitney
Published: July 2022

The Sūktimuktāvalī, an anthology compiled in 1258 CE, is by far the most important source of testimonia for Bilhaṇa’s biographical mahākāvya, the Vikramāṅkadevacarita, composed ca. 1085. While the anthology’s value for the primary textual criticism of the kāvya is limited, its value for its interpretation is considerable: Bilhaṇa is the anthology’s most frequently cited poet, and its selection of his verses amounts to a reading of the poem as a whole. The recovery of this interpretation also provides the opportunity to consider the anthology’s complex authorship and to situate it within the late medieval literary cultural history of western India.
Lust, Caution, and Enlightenment
Authors: Hao Ji
Published: July 2022

The formation of the character of Sun Wukong has remained one of the most controversial issues in the field of Xiyou ji studies. While acknowledging that different strands might have fed into the image of Sun Wukong in the sixteenth- century novel Xiyou ji (Journey to the West), this paper calls attention to complex and sometimes contradictory representations of Sun Wukong’s sexuality and explores the mechanism of displacement that subtly operates in the novel and reveals itself through such representations. It further demonstrates the dual function performed by the displacement of Sun Wukong’s sexuality: on the one hand, it connects Sun Wukong to the image of the lustful ape in the white ape tradition; on the other hand, such displacement allows him to utilize and transcend his desire by experiencing the process of awakening to kong 空 by means of se 色 on his path to enlightenment. Therefore, a reexamination of Sun Wukong through the lens of sexuality helps draw together these two seemingly separate aspects and reveals a narrative in which Sun Wukong’s sexual desire not only encodes his hidden past associated with the white ape tradition but also generates significant meaning in light of the Buddhist context, that is, the notion that erotic encounters and fulfillment of sexual desire can be integrated into the Buddhist journey to enlightenment.
Notebook of Djuthmose, P. Vienna ÄS 10321. By Regina Hölzl, Michael Neumann, and Robert J. Demarée
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: July 2022

The Notebook of Djuthmose, P. Vienna ÄS 10321. By Regina Hölzl, Michael Neumann, and Robert J. Demarée. Probleme der Ägyptologie, vol. 37. Leiden: Brill, 2018. Pp. viii + 72, 23 pls. €145.
Sedfestritual und Königtum: Die Reliefdekoration am Torbau Osorkons II. im Tempel der Bastet von Bubastis. By Eva Lange-Athinodorou
Authors: Quack Joachim Friedrich
Published: July 2022

Sedfestritual und Königtum: Die Reliefdekoration am Torbau Osorkons II. im Tempel der Bastet von Bubastis. By Eva Lange-Athinodorou. Ägyptologische Abhandlungen, vol. 75. Wiesbaden: Harrassowit Verlag, 2019. Pp. ix + 503, illus. €148.
Creation of Philosophical Tradition: Biography and the Reception of Avicenna’s Philosophy from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century A.D. By Ahmed H. al-Rahim
Authors: Lammer Andreas
Published: July 2022

The Creation of Philosophical Tradition: Biography and the Reception of Avicenna’s Philosophy from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century A.D. By Ahmed H. al-Rahim. Diskurse der Arabistik, vol. 21. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2018. Pp. xviii + 218. €42.
Universal Śaivism: The Appeasement of All Gods and Powers in the Śāntyadhyāya of the Śivadharmaśāśtra. By Peter C. Bisschop
Authors: Stainton Hamsa
Published: July 2022

Universal Śaivism: The Appeasement of All Gods and Powers in the Śāntyadhyāya of the Śivadharmaśāśtra. By Peter C. Bisschop. Gonda Indological Studies, vol. 18. Leiden: Brill, 2018. Pp. viii + 221. $75.
No Moonlight in My Cup: Sinitic Poetry (Kanshi) from the Japanese Court, Eighth to the Twelfth Centuries. Edited and translated by Judith N. Rabinovitch and Timothy R. BradstocK
Authors: Steininger Brian R.
Published: July 2022

No Moonlight in My Cup: Sinitic Poetry (Kanshi) from the Japanese Court, Eighth to the Twelfth Centuries. Edited and translated by Judith N. Rabinovitch and Timothy R. BradstocK. East Asian Comparative Literature and Culture, vol. 10. Leiden: Brill, 2019. Pp. xxvi + 474. $232.
Jāḥiẓian Contribution to Reason in Islam
Authors: Abdulsater Hussein
Published: July 2022

The place of reason (ʿaql) in the Islamic tradition has attracted much debate, among both classical scholars and modern researchers. One of the main areas of disagreement is the definition of reason, with scholars from various disciplines (theology, law, hadith, philosophy, mysticism) oftentimes offering different definitions, which, in turn, undergird their corresponding understanding of rationalism. Starting in the classical period, Muslim scholars have credited al-Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī (d. 243/857) with making a particularly powerful contribution to the discussion by defining reason as an “instinct” (gharīza, in the sense of “inborn faculty” and not the present popular sense of a lower, more animal-like state of consciousness) and elaborating on this definition; many recent scholars concur with this assessment. This article studies al-Muḥāsibī’s theory of reason through his major work on the subject, Māʾiyyat al-ʿaql (The essence of reason). More specifically, it examines the concluding, analytical section of this work, titled “Masʾala fī al-ʿaql” (A question regarding reason), which bears an unusual resemblance to a work by al-Muḥāsibī’s contemporary al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 254/868f.), “Ḥujaj al-nubuwwa” (The proofs of prophethood). By analyzing the similarities between these texts through a detailed comparison, the article attempts to verify the authorship of this critical section of al-Muḥāsibī’s work, thereby casting light on other contributions to the study of reason in Islam that were eclipsed by the scholarly concentration on al-Muḥāsibī’s output. For this comparison, the text of “Masʾala fī al-ʿaql” is fully edited and translated.
Al-Ghazālī as a Key Historical Witness to the Ismaili Doctrine of taʿlīm
Authors: Walker Paul E.
Published: July 2022

The writings of al-Ghazālī give the distinct impression that he was highly concerned with the threat the Ismailis and their doctrines posed. By his own admission, he wrote six separate treatises to refute and condemn them, most importantly his Faḍāʾiḥ al-bāṭiniyya (The infamies of the esotericists), which he composed in the year 488h (1095) in the months prior to his renunciation of government service and departure from Baghdad. His attack focused on the doctrine known as taʿlīm, with its insistence on the unrivaled absolute authority of a single infallible Imam. He had in mind the Alamut teaching by Ḥasan-i Ṣabbāḥ of a doctrine then widely advocated in the Abbasid–Seljuk East. Significantly, there is no sign of this term used in this manner in the western Fatimid domains either earlier or later. However, our knowledge of events in the career of Ḥasan and of his teachings come from much later sources and are in part legendary at best. Although the doctrine of taʿlīm was certainly implicit in Ismaili works long before, in this particular work al-Ghazālī directed his attentions squarely against a new teaching he encountered personally in his own time and place. But we know it otherwise primarily from accounts recorded much later, in particular al-Shahrastānī’s al-Milal wa-l-niḥal.
On the Etymology of Vedic áha
Authors: Rothstein-Dowden Zachary
Published: July 2022

This paper sets forth a proposal for deriving the emphatic particle Ved. áha from an obsolete present form of the verb ā́ha ‘says’. The suggested verbal origin accounts for unusual syntactic features of the particle, most notably the synchronically unmotivated accentuation of the verb in a main clause containing áha.