bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Lumbar Puncture and the Validity of Meningeal Signs in Predicting Meningitis in Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: . Mehjabin , Joseph Shiji , Ravi Arun , Pillai Kalyani
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Predictive models have been developed to estimate the likelihood of bacterial meningitis in patients with clinical features suggestive of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis in children are crucial due to the severity and rapid progression of the disease. However, making a definitive diagnosis in the early stages can be challenging, as clinical symptoms are often non specific and may overlap with other conditions. Lumbar Puncture (LP) is a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in paediatric medicine to diagnose various neurological diseases, particularly meningitis, by analysing Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).

Aim: To analyse the epidemiological trends of LP performed in children and to evaluate the accuracy of meningeal signs in predicting the presence of meningitis in paediatric patients.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, South India, from August 2018 to July 2019. The records of paediatric patients (aged 1 month to 12 years) who underwent LP during the one year from August 2018 to July 2019 at the centre were collected. A checklist was prepared for all the patients, where demographic data, clinical presentations, findings of CSF, and blood analysis were recorded. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.

Results: Out of 3,125 paediatric admissions during the study period, LP was performed in 125 (4%). The most common indication for LP was fever with seizure in 53 (42.4%), followed by fever and vomiting in 44 (35.2%). There was a statistically significant association between both CSF protein and CSF sugar and a diagnosis of meningitis. Among children presenting with fever and seizure in the age group of one month to two years, 19 (52.8%) had meningitis. The incidence of pyogenic meningitis was 26 (20.8%). Organisms were isolated in 2 (1.6%) of cases. Among the meningeal signs, the Johny Vincent sign and neck stiffness showed better sensitivity, while Kernig’s sign was the most specific.

Conclusion: The present study concludes that, in paediatrics, LP remains an essential procedure for differentiating patients with meningitis from those without meningitis when they present with the same symptoms, especially in children less than two years of age. In older children, clinical variables such as meningeal signs and seizures at admission had lower sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value (PPV), which again highlights the need for performing an LP.
Impact of TP53 Gain-of-Function Mutations on Metabolic Reprogramming in Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Usman Farida Jazuli , Gupta Dikshat Gopal , Abdulkadir Sarki A , Usman Ibrahim Muhammad , Alhassan Adamu Jibrin , Yoo Young A , Bello Haris Jaafar , Kurfi Binta G. , Babagana Kamaluddeen
Published: January 2025

Despite advancements in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the disease remains lethal, often developing resistance to conventional therapies such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy. Therapy resistance poses a significant challenge, particularly in aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Data on TP53 mutations, especially gain-of-function (GOF) mutations, and their specific impact on prostate cancer metabolism remain limited, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding to uncover new therapeutic avenues. This study aimed to explore the metabolic consequences of TP53 GOF mutations (R175H and R273H) in prostate cancer progression using metabolomics analysis. Approximately 300 metabolites were significantly altered across PC3-GFP (KO), PC3-TP53WT (WT), and PC3-TP53 mutant (R175H & R273H) models. Key findings revealed dysregulation of essential metabolites, such as α-ketoglutarate and spermidine, which support cancer cell survival and progression. These insights not only enhance our understanding of the interplay between TP53 mutations and metabolic alterations but also identify potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targeting in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. In the TP53-R175H mutant, numerous essential metabolites were dysregulated (downregulated: glutamine, GAP/DHAP, and α-ketoglutarate; Upregulated: deoxyuridine, spermidine, and pseudouridine) when compared with the control (KO) thereby causing metabolic shifts that favor cancer cell survival. Conversely, metabolites such as GlaNAC/GlcNAC, adenosine, acetoacetic acid, acetylcholine, octopamine, itaconic acid, lactic acid, and NADP+ are all downregulated in the R273H mutant. While spermine, spermidine, N-acetyl-DL-serine, pseudouridine, deoxyguanosine, sucrose, and AMP/dGMP are upregulated by the R273H mutant but downregulated in GFP (KO). These findings showed that TP53 GOF mutations (R175H & R273H) cause metabolic alterations in numerous metabolites essential for tumor survival and progression. Furthermore, it may provide therapeutic benefits by identifying appropriate biomarkers that could be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools for prostate cancer.
Assessment of Regional Spatial Planning Utilization and Environmental Impacts: A Case Study in Buntulia District, Pohuwato Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Novriyal Feri , Rahim Sukirman , Hasim  , Dunggio Iswan
Published: January 2025

This study aims to: 1) analyse the utilization direction of the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) and its influence on land use change in Buntulia Sub-district, Pohuwato Regency; 2) analyse the pattern of land use change in Buntulia Sub-district during the period 2012-2024. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method with a spatial approach through ArcGIS 10.8 software. Data was obtained from overlaying the 2012 and 2024 land use maps and analysing the transition matrix to see the pattern of land use change. The results showed that the implementation of the RTRW direction in Buntulia Sub-district was not optimal. Of the total area of 43,422.71 hectares, 1,877.85 hectares of land use is not in accordance with the RTRW direction. Significant land use change occurred in primary and secondary forest areas that were converted into plantations, mixed agriculture, and open land. Analysis of land use change patterns for the 2012-2024 period revealed an increase in the area of plantations by 231.57 hectares and mixed agriculture by 980.44 hectares, while the area of primary and secondary forests decreased significantly.  The conclusion of this study shows that the dynamics of land use change in Buntulia Sub-district are influenced by a lack of compliance with the RTRW, population growth, and economic development pressures. Strengthening spatial planning policies, stricter supervision, and mitigation are needed to minimise the environmental impact of uncontrolled land use change.
Identifying English Language Needs of Yemeni Medical Students: An ESP Study at Dhamar University
Authors: Qaid Ibraheem Mohammed Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The present study aims to find out the English language needs of the medical, undergraduate students at Dhamar University from an ESP perspective. More specifically, it seeks to address the following questions: what are the English language needs of the medicines students at Faculty of Medicines, Dhamar University in Yemen?; to what extend do the current ESP courses meet the students' actual needs in the Faculty of Medicine, Dhamar University?; what are the most important recommendations to address the medical students needs in the Faculty of Medicine, Dhamar University?; and what do the medicines students think about the actual needs of medical students in the Faculty of Medicine, Dhamar University?
The total number of 48 medicine students participated in the study to answer the prepared questionnaire. The population of the questionnaire is the selected students from the fourth and fifth academic years. The questionnaire data were analyzed quantitively and designed to comprehend the ESP context.
The research work investigates the English-related problems the students face while they are studying medicines and, thus, presents solutions and recommendations to overcome such obstacles, bridging the gap between the students' low level of English and the required level at the university where English is used as the language of instruction. The main findings show that the special needs of the medical students such as their limited narrow knowledge of English at Dhamar University are taken into account. The research work shows that the medical students in Dhamar university have low level of English proficiency. Their low, limited knowledge of the English language constitutes an obstacle most students face either in their study or in their occupational careers. The need analysis was figured out to show that all skills and sub-skills are important for the students’ academic studies and target career with special attention to scientific terms and reading aspects.
This research study, based on its findings, ends with some recommendations and suggestions to the people concerned of teaching and learning English to the medical students at Dhamar University. It is generally recommended that there is a need to increase the class hours, provide technological equipment, and appoint ESP trained instructors for the efficient teaching of medical English.
Triiodothyronine Variations during Resumption and Examination Periods: A Study among First-Year Medical Students
Authors: Okolonkwo Benjamin Nnamdi , George-Opuda Ibitoroko Maureen , Amadi Chikadibia Fyneface , Dienye Grace Owaji-Imam
Published: January 2025

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism and maintaining homoestasis. There is limited knowledge of the effect of academic activities on T3 level among first-year students in various times of their academic journey. This cross-sectional study evaluated Triiodothyronine (T3) levels in first-year students at PAMO University of Medical Sciences (PUMS) during resumption and examination periods. Thirty participants were recruited by random sampling, and blood samples were collected during both times. Serum T3 levels were analyzed using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with p set at ≤ 0.05. The results showed that T3 levels were significantly higher during examinations (3.39 ± 3.72 nmol/L) compared to resumption (1.81 ± 0.50 nmol/L), with a p-value of 0.024. During resumption, males had T3 levels of 2.02 ± 0.81 nmol/L and females 1.72 ± 0.28 nmol/L, while during examination, T3 levels for males and females were 2.92 ± 0.98 nmol/L and 2.64 ± 0.52 nmol/L, respectively, with no significant gender difference (p = 0.113). Age group comparisons also showed no significant differences in T3 levels during resumption (p = 0.743) or examination (p = 0.89). T3 levels during resumption for the 16-17, 18-19, and 20-21-year age groups were 1.83 ± 0.52 nmol/L, 1.61 ± 0.44 nmol/L, and 1.62 ± 0.00 nmol/L, respectively. During examinations, these levels were 3.52 ± 3.98 nmol/L, 2.60 ± 0.63 nmol/L, and 2.27 ± 0.00 nmol/L, respectively.In conclusion, T3 levels were higher during examinations, with no significant gender or age differences observed.
Spectrophotometric Detection of Beta-Lactamase Inhibition by Plant Extracts
Authors: Anago Eugenie , Winsou Irène , Moussé Wassiyath , Fiogbé Salomon
Published: January 2025

Background: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been spreading with increasing frequency over the past several decades. The decreasing effectiveness of therapies in treating bacterial resistance, due to the production of beta-lactamase (EC.3.5.2.6), has led to combining beta-lactamase inhibitors with commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics. Phytochemical compounds produced by plants have varied biological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive and others. Polyphenolics, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and terpenoids are the main phytochemicals found in plants extracts.
This study aims to assess the inhibitory activity of Annona senegalensis Pers., Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels, Ipomoea batatas Lam., and Psidium guajava L. against a Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase and four beta-lactamases extracted from clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.
Methods: Beta-lactamase inhibition was measured using a spectrophotometric assay with benzylpenicillin as the substrate, by a modified acidimetric method. Clavulanic acid was used as the standard beta-lactamase inhibitor. Subsequently, the inhibition of the hydrolysis of other commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics was assessed using a UV spectrophotometric method.
Results: Among the tested extracts, Ipomoea batatas showed no effect on the beta-lactamases, whereas Terminalia superba and Annona senegalensis exhibited inhibitory activity against all the beta-lactamases. Psidium guajava inhibited two of the five tested enzymes. The highest percentage of inhibition was observed with Terminalia superba on the beta-lactamase of Bacillus cereus, reaching 75.73%. Regarding the combination of beta-lactam antibiotics with plant extracts, the combination of Terminalia superba and ceftriaxone showed the highest inhibition, with a percentage of 64.90%. The combination of Annona senegalensis and ceftazidime was the least effective, with an inhibition rate of only 12.95%.
Conclusion: Two of the tested ethanolic plant extracts showed interesting beta-lactamase inhibitory effects and could contribute to the development of more effective therapies against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria by combining natural inhibitors from plants with existing beta-lactam antibiotics.
Regional Variations and Adaptive Morphology of Apis cerana Forelegs Across India
Authors: A V Moorthy , Pandey Renu , Mall Pramod
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the foreleg morphometry of Apis cerana across 16 diverse locations in India, spanning the northern, southern, and northeastern regions, to explore regional adaptations and environmental influences. The foreleg measurements were analyzed for five key segments: The coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus. Significant regional differences were observed, with northern populations exhibiting larger dimensions, southern populations showing smaller forelegs, and northeastern populations showing intermediate measurements. These variations are likely linked to the distinct climatic conditions and flora in each region, suggesting adaptive responses to environmental pressures. The tibia showed consistent dimensions across all regions, indicating its evolutionary conservation for basic leg functions, whereas the coxa and trochanter exhibited higher variation, reflecting fine-tuned adaptations to local ecological demands. This study provides valuable insights into the morphological diversity and functional adaptations of Apis cerana, contributing to our understanding of how environmental factors shape honeybee morphology.
Study of Life Cycle of Ocimum Leaf Folder Orphanostigma abruptalis (Lepidoptera; Crambidae) on Sweet Basil in Ambient Condition
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Manoj , Mansion Heenashree
Published: January 2025

The Ocimum leaf folder, Ocimum abruptalis, is listed as a serious pest of sweet basil among all of the insect pests able to infect sweet basil (O. basilicum). The larvae do considerable damage to the plants by attaching to the underside of the leaf, folding it lengthwise from the midrib, and webbing it until it falls off.  The findings of this experiment revealed that the total life cycle of Ocimum leaf folder were completed in 25-36 days in laboratory conditions with incubation period of 3-6 days, larval period with 9-14 days, Pupal period with 4-6 days, total developmental period was 16-25 days and adult longevity was 9-12 days on fresh sweet basil leaves.
Synergistic Impact of Biochar and Organic Amendments on Field Bean (Vicia faba) Growth and Soil Characteristics
Authors: B.S Anusha , Verma Rinku , S.C Kiran , K Haseena , G Gangadhar Eswar Rao , Savitha Madappa
Published: January 2025

Many studies have explored the effects of various biochar types and their combinations with inorganic fertilizers, but few have focused on identifying the most effective organic amendments when used with biochar in sandy loam soil. This study aims to determine the impact of different biochar doses combined with organic amendments on plant growth and yield (Vicia faba) in sandy loam soil. Biochar doses of 15, 20, and 25 t/ha were applied in combination with organic amendments such as farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), Ghanajeevamruth (GA), and their various combinations. The effectiveness of these treatments was compared to the use of biochar alone. Results indicated that the combination of biochar and organic amendments significantly increased average pod number (by 36.19% to 88.63%) and pod weight (by 24.11% to 83.18%) compared to biochar alone. Higher biochar doses consistently resulted in increased pH levels in the soil, regardless of the organic amendment used. Additionally, biochar combined with organic amendments led to higher nutrient levels, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, compared to biochar alone. The study concluded that biochar, particularly in combination with Ghanajeevamruth, had superior effects on plant growth and yield. The choice of amendment and biochar dose significantly influenced soil pH, nutrient availability, bulk density, and water holding capacity. These findings confirm the potential of combining biochar with organic amendments to enhance soil fertility and agricultural productivity, offering valuable strategies for sustainable nutrient management in sandy loam soils.
Heat Index Analysis and Simulations of Select Areas in Iowa, United States
Authors: Arinze. E. Okoye,
Published: January 2025

Heat is the primary cause of weather-related illnesses in the United States. Often, it is not just the heat but the combination of heat and humidity. The Heat Index reflects what the temperature feels like to the human body when relative humidity is factored in with air temperature, influencing the body's comfort level at any given time. Extreme heat indices lead to significant discomfort and health issues. This research aims to analyze the heat index in selected areas of Iowa. For this project, a DHT11 sensor, which measures temperature and humidity, was connected to an Arduino Uno board. The temperature sensor offers a 16-bit resolution with an accuracy of +/- 2°C and a repeatability of +/- 1°C. The humidity sensor has an accuracy of +/- 5% RH at 25°C and a repeatability of +/- 1% RH. During the experiment on the Arduino Uno, the heat index averaged 72.5°F at room temperature in Iowa city, which is considered safe. Room temperature was also recorded using the TMP36 temperature sensor. Additionally, data from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet (IEM) was processed in real-time to analyze the Heat Index for Des Moines, Iowa. The code incorporated Ip widgets, which allowed for the simulation of random heat indices for any location.
Status of Micronutrients in Rice Growing Alluvial Soils of Delta Area of Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Hema K , Naidu M.V.S. , Bhaskar B.P. , Madhuri K.V. Naga , Ramamurthy V. , Kumari P. Lavanya
Published: January 2025

An investigation was carried out to study the micronutrient status of rice-growing soils of the delta area of Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh to know the potential of these soils to supply micronutrients to rice crops. For this, six profiles viz., Vemulamada (P1), Kothapalli (P2), Velivelu (P3), Nangegadda (P4), Penamaluru (P5), and Ganguru (P6) were studied covering the major cereal-maize/ cereal- pulse growing areas. The soils were near neutral to strongly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, and low in organic carbon content.  The weighted average of DTPA extractable zinc, copper, iron, and manganese ranged from 0.71 mg kg-1 (P6) – 1.65 mg kg-1 (P2), 1.50 mg kg-1 (P2) – 3.38 mg kg-1 (P3), 4.35 mg kg-1 (P1)- 5.62 mg kg-1 (P5) and 5.6 mg kg-1 (P4) to 11.95 mg kg-1 (P6) respectively. A mixed trend is observed across horizons in all profiles. DTPA-Fe exhibited low variability while the other micronutrients displayed higher variability. The DTPA extractable Zn was found to be deficient whereas DTPA extractable Cu and Mn were found to be sufficient. The available Mn was decreased with increasing depth in most of the profiles. All the micronutrient are positive correlation with organic carbon content.
Microfilaremic Loiasis and Mansonella perstans Infection Prevalence and Sociodemographic Risk Factors in Urban and Rural Provinces of Gabon, Central Africa
Authors: Akomezoghe Luccheri Ndong , M’bondoukwé Noé Patrick , Mouandza Reinne Moutongo , Ngomo Jacques Mari Ndong , Ditombi Bridy Chesly Moutombi , Mihindou Coella Joyce , Mabicka Dimitri Ardin Moussavou , Mengome Mérédith Flore Ada , Ngondza Bédrich Pongui , Kombila Maryvonne , Akotet Marielle Karine Bouyou , Mboumba Denise Patricia Mawili
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Loiasis and blood mansonellosis are parasitic vector borne diseases, the most widespread in Gabon after malaria. Loiasis presents all characteristics of a Neglected Tropical Diseases with recent implication on excess mortality among hypermicrofilaremia patients and Mansonella perstans seems to interact with other pathogens. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors associated with loiasis and blood mansonellosis in three provinces of Gabon with different levels of urbanization.
Methods: Participants were recruited in the province of Woleu-Ntem (rural area), Ngounié (rural area) and Estuaire (urban area). This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to April 2022. Sociodemographic data were collected and venous blood was collected in an EDTA tube for detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilariae by direct microscopic examination and leukoconcentration techniques.
Results: A total of 2,132 participants were included: 1,342 in the Woleu-Ntem, 492 in the Estuaire and 298 in the Ngounié. Loiasis prevalence was 23.6% (n=503/2,132), 8.7% (n= 185/2,132) for Mansonella perstans infection and 2.4% (n=51/2,131) for co-infection in the study population. Loa loa was found more frequently in Woleu-Ntem compared to Ngounié (OR: 1.9 [CI 95%: 1.4-2.8]; p< 0.01) and Estuaire (OR: 2.9 [CI 95%: 2.1-4.1]; p< 0.01). Regarding Mansonella perstans, the risk of having microfilaremia was 14 and 7 times higher in Ngounié compared to Estuaire (OR: 14.7 [CI 95%: 7.9-29.8]) (p< 0.01) and Woleu-Ntem (OR: 7.3 [CI 95%: 5.2-10.3]) (p< 0.01). The microfilaremia geometric mean was significantly higher in the group of infected inhabitants from Ngounié sites (p< 0.01). No risk factors were found in Estuaire province for both filariasis. In Ngounié, participants older than 29 years old were less frequently infected by Loa loa and Mansonella perstans (p< 0.01). In Woleu-Ntem, men and the older people were more infected than their counterparts (p< 0.01).
Conclusions: Loiasis and blood mansonellosis burden are higher in rural settings, although also present in the Estuaire. Age and gender were differently associated with these blood filariasis carriage in the three provinces.
Characterization of Chitosan-Based Edible Films for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: T S Asif Ali , Sweety  , M Venkatesh , Bose Aarathy , Santhosh Aiswarya Velekat
Published: January 2025

Aims: To study the optimization and characterization of chitosan-based edible films for food packaging applications
Study Design:  This study was experimental and conducted in a lab.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Dairy Technology, Dairy Science College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, between October 2022 and July 2023.
Methodology: The edible film was developed with 9 different combinations by 3 concentrations of chitosan 1.50, 2.0 and 2.5% along with 3 concentrations of glycerol 0.5, 0.75 and 1%. Various characteristics like moisture content, water solubility, thickness, density, GSM, colour, transmittance, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), tensile strength, elongation are assessed. The film was optimised on the basis of water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength and elongation. ANOVA was the method used for statistical analysis, and the significance between the control and sample was assessed using a critical difference (CD) at a 5% significance level.
Results: Increase in chitosan concentration the film thickness, GSM, solubility and density increases whereas moisture content decreases. Increase in glycerol concentration the film thickness, GSM, moisture, solubility increases but there was decrease in film density. The film colour parameters lightness L*, redness a* and yellowness b* increase as chitosan content increases, whereas transmittance decreases. Increased glycerol content increased the film's colour parameters redness a* and transmittance, but had no influence on the film's yellowness whereas as the lightness value decreases. The film made with 2.5% chitosan and 0.5% glycerol has the lowest water vapour transmission rate, 10.70 g/m2h. The tensile strength of film made with 2.5% chitosan and 0.5% glycerol has the highest value of 18.56 MPa. Film produced using 1.5% chitosan and 1% glycerol has the highest value of 51.73% elongation.
Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of chitosan improves tensile strength but reduces elongation. On the other hand, adding more glycerol lowers tensile strength but increases elongation. A film containing 2% chitosan and 0.75% glycerol is considered the best choice, offering a balanced water vapor transfer rate, tensile strength, and elongation.
Rhizopus sp. as Antagonist Fungi Against Ochratoxin a Production by Aspergillus carbonarius in raw cocoa beans
Authors: KEDJEBO Didier Kra Brou , HAMDOUCHE Yasmine , SIKA Andrée Emmanuelle , DURAND Noël , FONTANA-TACHON Angélique , MONTET Didier , GUEHI Tagro Simplice
Published: January 2025

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced generally by the mold of the genera Aspergillus in cocoa beans. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of a strain of Rhizopus sp. on an OTA-producing mold and the biocontrol of the toxin production by this species in cocoa. HPLC detected OTA contents in cocoa beans from different post-harvest treatments. Mold species were identified by conventional microbiology and PCR-DGGE methods according to OTA contents. Suspensions calibrated at 106, and 104 conidia.mL-1 of Rhizopus sp. and A. carbonarius were co-inoculated in cocoa pods and incubated for 4 or 8 days in a climatic chamber. The results showed various fungal species of Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Chrysonilia, Mucor, Penicillium, and Rhizopus. The number of fungal species obtained with PCR-DGGE was higher than that obtained on Petri dishes. Aspergillus carbonarius and A. niger were the main producers of OTA in the samples. The use of plastic crates as fermentation support in the presence of A. Carbonarius promoted a high production of OTA compared to wooden boxes and banana leaves. The co-inoculation of 104 spores.mL-1 of A. carbonarius and 106 spores.mL-1 of Rhizopus led to an OTA content in cocoa of 0.1 µg.kg-1 in 4 days of incubation while in 8 days, this concentration reached 5.6 µg.kg-1. Finally, the co-inoculation of cocoa with 106 spores.mL-1 of A. carbonarius and 104 spores.mL-1 of Rhizopus sp. led in 4 and 8 days of incubation to respective OTA contents of 36.3 and 6.2 µg.kg-1 of cocoa. Rhizopus could inhibit OTA production in cocoa.
Integration of Genetic Resistance Mechanisms in Sustainable Crop Breeding Programs-A Review
Authors: Paul Mouli , Mahla Jagruti S. , Upadhyay D. K. , Das Debarati , Wankhade Meena , Kumar Manoj , Lallawmkimi Michelle C.
Published: January 2025

The integration of genetic resistance mechanisms into sustainable crop breeding programs is critical for addressing global agricultural challenges, including the increasing threats posed by pests, diseases, and climate change. Genetic resistance, which involves the use of innate plant defense mechanisms, provides an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical controls and plays a pivotal role in enhancing crop resilience. Advances in molecular biology, such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and multi-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics), have revolutionized resistance breeding, enabling the precise identification, modification, and deployment of resistance traits. These tools facilitate the development of crops with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses while reducing yield penalties and linkage drag. Challenges such as the evolution of pathogen virulence, the breakdown of race-specific resistance genes, and the trade-offs between resistance and crop quality remain significant hurdles. Durable resistance, achieved by combining qualitative and quantitative resistance traits, offers a promising approach to mitigate these issues and delay resistance breakdown. Agroecological practices, such as crop diversification, companion planting, and organic amendments, can complement genetic resistance by reducing pathogen pressure and improving ecosystem stability. International research collaborations, such as those led by CGIAR, along with local capacity-building efforts, are essential to ensure the equitable dissemination of resistance technologies, particularly in resource-limited regions. Despite these advances, socioeconomic and regulatory barriers, including public skepticism toward genetically engineered crops and stringent approval processes for GMOs and gene-edited varieties, hinder widespread adoption. Increased investments in breeding research, streamlined regulatory frameworks, and policies promoting resistant varieties are vital to overcoming these challenges. As the global demand for food continues to rise amidst climate uncertainties, the integration of cutting-edge genetic tools, ecological principles, and collaborative efforts offers a pathway to more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. By addressing current limitations and leveraging emerging technologies, genetic resistance can significantly contribute to global food security and the sustainability of modern farming practices.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic of the Standardized Dry Extract of Rhodiola rosea in Physical Activity Practiotioners
Authors: Coelho Larissa Jorge , Teles Natália de Barros , Martins Maria Laura , Santos Klismam Marques dos , Castro Tayslane Dias , Pereira Renata Junqueira , Nascimento Guilherme Nobre Lima do
Published: January 2025

Aims: To evaluate the effects of Rhodiola rosea supplementation on physical performance, glycemic levels, and cardiovascular parameters in a clinical trial.
Study Design: Randomized crossover clinical trial.
Methodology: Twenty-five participants (12 females and 13 males) were randomly divided into two groups. Each group received starch treatment and dry extract of R. rosea at different times, with an interval period between the treatments. Weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, glycemic levels, and perceived effort (assessed by the Borg scale) were measured at baseline and the end of each treatment phase. Lactate levels were also evaluated. Statistical analyses compared intra- and intergroup variations, considering p<0.05 as significant.
Results: Analyses revealed no significant changes in weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, or glycemic levels within or between groups. Perceived effort did not differ significantly between treatments. However, a significant variation in lactate levels was observed.
Conclusion: Supplementation with R. rosea may offer potential benefits for endurance and stamina in sports activities, although further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.
An Economic Analysis of Marketing of Sorghum in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pragya  , Kalia Abhishek , Annu  , Gautam Yash , Gupta Brijesh K. , Mishra Dheeraj , Ojha Pankaj K.
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on the economics of marketing channels of sorghum in Bundelkhand region were estimated. The Banda district was intentionally chosen in Bundelkhand region due to the larger area under cultivation of sorghum and its higher productivity. The respondents were selected using a random sampling technique. Twenty market intermediaries and a sample of 120 farmer respondents were interviewed in two blocks of the district. The findings of study showed that Channel I had a higher producer's share in consumer rupees (96.21%), followed by Channel III (75.61%) and Channel II (70.15%). Channel I's marketing efficiency was 25.42, while Channel III's was 3.17 and Channel II's was 2.34. Due to direct acquisition of the commodity from the producer, Channel I is more efficient. Results revealed that the main issues farmers facing in the marketing of sorghum were a lack of information about the market and its unavailability. Channels involved in marketing were found to be inefficient as the involvement of middlemen were more.
The Use of Reinforced Concrete for Durable and Aesthetic Sports and Recreational Sports
Authors: Mmonwuba Nwanneka , Ogunjiofor Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Samuel Ogudebe Chukwuebuka , Kindness Okafor Odinaka , Chiagozie Dominic Machi
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the design and construction of durable recreational seating using reinforced concrete, addressing the limitations of traditional materials such as wood and metal, which are prone to environmental degradation and high maintenance costs. Reinforced concrete is known for its durability, strength, and resistance to harsh weather conditions, making it an ideal material for public seating in outdoor environments. Several key tests were conducted to assess the performance of the concrete mix used in this project. Sieve analysis confirmed that the fine and coarse aggregates were well-graded, ensuring optimal compaction and strength. The slump test,conducted with a water-cement ratio of 0.6, produced a slump value of 150 mm, indicating medium workability. This level of workability is suitable for concrete that requires easy placement and proper compaction without segregation or excessive bleeding. The compressive strength test at 7 days yielded a compressive strength of 15.81 MPa, demonstrating the early strength development of the concrete. However, compressive strength results for the 14-day and 28-day tests are still pending, as the remaining cubes are currently in the curing tank. These results will provide further insights into the long-term strength and performance of the concrete once the curing process is completed. Preliminary findings suggest that reinforced concrete is an excellent choice for recreational seating due to its ability to provide long-lasting durability and reduced maintenance. The combination of well-graded aggregates, an optimal water-cement ratio, and promising early compressive strength indicates that this material will perform well under both static and dynamic loads typically encountered in public seating.
Performance Evaluation of Motorized Millet Thresher
Authors: Rajaiah P. , Kumar Ch. Sravan , Laxman B. , Vennela B. , Reddy A. Pramod
Published: January 2025

Millets are grown in semi-arid regions of the world which require less water to grow, particularly these crops were grown in Asia and. African continents of the world. Telangana has a semi-arid weather condition which is a suitable environment for the cultivation of millets. Commonly cultivated millets in Telangana are Sorghum, Pearl millet, Finger millet (major millets) Foxtail, little, Kodo, Proso and Barnyard millet (minor millets). A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of CIAE developed motorized thresher. The thresher was evaluated for three millets, Foxtail, Barnyard and Finger millets. The evaluation was conducted by AICRP on Farm Implements and Machinery, PJTAU, Rajendranagar at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Palem, Nagarkurnool District. Key performance indicators of thresher viz., feed rate, input capacity, output capacity, blower loss, un threshed grain, threshing efficiency and cleaning efficiency were measured. Results indicate that threshing efficiency for Foxtail millet, Finger millet and Barnyard millet are 97.94%, 92.17% and 97.52% respectively. The cleaning efficiency of Foxtail millet, Finger millet and Barnyard millet were 99%, 92.47% and 94.00% respectively.
Enhancing Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Innovative Dumbbell‐Shaped HTMs: A Study of Hexabenzocoronene and Pyrene‐BODIPY‐Triarylamine Derivatives
Authors: Rocha‐Ortiz Juan S. , Wu Jianchang , Wenzel Jonas , Bornschlegl Andreas J. , Perea Jose Dario , Leon Salvador , Barabash Anastasia , Wollny Anna‐Sophie , Guldi Dirk M. , Zhang Jiyun , Insuasty Alberto , Lüer Larry , Ortiz Alejandro , Hirsch Andreas , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: July 2023

Dumbbell‐shaped systems based on PAHs‐BODIPY‐triarylamine hybrids TM‐(01‐04) are designed as novel and highly efficient hole‐transporting materials for usage in planar inverted perovskite solar cells. BODIPY is employed as a bridge between the PAH units, and the effects of the conjugated π‐system's covalent attachment and size are investigated. Fluorescence quenching, 3D fluorescence heat maps, and theoretical studies support energy transfer within the moieties. The systems are extremely resistant to UVC 254 nm germicidal light sources and present remarkable thermal stability at degradation temperatures exceeding 350 °C. Integrating these systems into perovskite solar cells results in outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE), with TM‐02‐based devices exhibiting a PCE of 20.26%. The devices base on TM‐01, TM‐03, and TM‐04 achieve PCE values of 16.98%, 17.58%, and 18.80%, respectively. The long‐term stability of these devices is measured for 600 h, with initial efficiency retention between 94% and 86%. The TM‐04‐based device presents noticeable stability of 94%, better than the reference polymer PTAA with 91%. These findings highlight the exciting potential of dumbbell‐shaped systems based on PAHs‐BODIPY‐triarylamine derivatives for next‐generation photovoltaics.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective, Intramolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of Allenes, Promoted by Visible Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Jovanovic Milos , Jovanovic Predrag , Tasic Gordana , Simic Milena , Maslak Veselin , Rakic Srdjan , Rodic Marko , Vlahovic Filip , Petkovic Milos , Savic Vladimir
Published: July 2023

Enallenylamides have been utilized for the synthesis of heterobicycle[4.2.0]octane derivatives via Ir/hν promoted [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. The reaction specifically targets the distal double bond of the allene moiety, and results in the exclusive formation of the trans product. The process is conducted at room temperature and under an inert atmosphere. An extensive study on the substituent propensities during the cycloaddition step revealed variable effects. Electron‐withdrawing groups conjugated with the double bond participating in the cycloaddition either hindered the process or reduced its yield. Conversely, electron‐donating substituents enhanced the efficiency, resulting in product yields ranging from 60% to 88%. Our study also demonstrated the influence of protecting groups on the reaction pathway.
Recent Progress on Yarn‐Based Electronics: From Material and Device Design to Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Jiao Wenling , Guo Yongshi , Guo Yufei , Wu Yuzhou , Zhu Chuang , Yan Jianhua
Published: July 2023

Over the last decade, the rapid development of wearable electronics has generated renewed interest in textiles. The integration of advanced nanotechnology and microelectronics with well‐established textile production processes has resulted in textile electronics, that are lightweight, flexible, breathable, and conformable, which broadens the applications of electronic products. The hierarchical textile structure, ranging from a single fiber to twisted yarns and various fabrics, is suitable for constructing multifunctional flexible devices. In particular, yarn, which bridges between fiber and fabric, is advantageous owing to its easy integration into wearable formats via weaving, knitting, or braiding. However, because of the dearth of effective interdisciplinary communication between researchers of electronic and textile engineering, fabricating yarn‐based devices with superior mechanical properties and versatile electronic functionality is difficult. Therefore, this review provides an overview of yarn‐based electronics, followed by a systematical summary of recent progress in yarns with respect to material and device design, multifunctional integration, and applications in wearable devices, including sensors, actuators, stealth, batteries, and nanogenerators. Furthermore, the major challenges and future developments in this field are discussed.
Chiral Modification of Ferrite Nanoparticles for Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of Benzoins
Authors: Gupta Pranshu K. , Kumar Neeraj , Majumder Abir B. , Pandey Manisha , Goverdhan R. P Vasu , Ranganath Kalluri V. S.
Published: July 2023

We report the surface modification of ferrite nanoparticles (MFe2O4 NPs; M= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with chiral surfactants derived from cinchona alkaloids. The successful synthesis of chiral ferrites were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). These chiral materials were highly active in the oxidative kinetic resolution (OKR) of racemic benzoins. Remarkably gemini surfactant modified Fe3O4 NPs were found to be a potential candidate in the OKR and (R)‐benzoin was isolated with 97% enantiomeric excess (ee). The sustainability of our catalyst has been demonstrated in the gram scale synthesis of (R)‐furoin (93% ee). The recyclability studies have also been performed and found that it could be recyclable with decrease in ee.
Highly Luminescent Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Tunable Color for Nanomolar Detection of Iron(III), Ofloxacin and Gossypol and Anti‐counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Yu Xiaolin , Ryadun Alexey A. , Pavlov Dmitry I. , Guselnikova Tatiana Y. , Potapov Andrei S. , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: July 2023

Solvothermal reaction of 5,5′‐(pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(oxy))diisophthalic acid (H4L) with europium(III) or terbium(III) nitrates in acetonitrile‐water (1 : 1) at 120 °C gave rise to isostructural 2D coordination polymers, [Ln(HL)(H2O)3]∞ (NIIC‐1‐Eu and NIIC‐1‐Tb), the layers of which are composed by eight‐coordinated lanthanide(III) ions interconnected by triply deprotonated ligands HL3−. The layers are packed in the crystal without any specific intermolecular interactions between them, allowing the facile preparation of stable water suspensions, in which NIIC‐1‐Tb exhibited top‐performing sensing properties through luminescence quenching effect with exceptionally low detection limits towards Fe3+ (LOD 8.62 nM), ofloxacin (OFX) antibiotic (LOD 3.91 nM) and cotton phytotoxicant gossypol (LOD 2.27 nM). In addition to low detection limit and high selectivity, NIIC‐1‐Tb features fast sensing response (within 60–90 seconds), making it superior to other MOF‐based sensors for metal cations and organic toxicants. The photoluminescence quantum yield of NIIC‐1‐Tb was 93 %, one of the highest among lanthanide MOFs. Mixed‐metal coordination polymers NIIC‐1‐EuxTb1−x demonstrated efficient photoluminescence, the color of which could be modulated by the excitation wavelength and time delay for emission monitoring (within 1 millisecond). Furthermore, an original 2D QR‐coding scheme was designed for anti‐counterfeiting labeling of goods based on unique and tunable emission spectra of NIIC‐1‐Ln coordination polymers.
Generation and Stabilization of a Dinickel Catalyst in a Metal‐Organic Framework for Selective Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Guo Qing‐Yun , Wang Zitong , Feng Xuanyu , Fan Yingjie , Lin Wenbin
Published: July 2023

Although many monometallic active sites have been installed in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for catalytic reactions, there are no effective strategies to generate bimetallic catalysts in MOFs. Here we report the synthesis of a robust, efficient, and reusable MOF catalyst, MOF‐NiH, by adaptively generating and stabilizing dinickel active sites using the bipyridine groups in MOF‐253 with the formula of Al(OH)(2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylate) forZ‐selective semihydrogenation of alkynes and selective hydrogenation of C=C bonds in α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. Spectroscopic studies established the dinickel complex (bpy⋅−)NiII(μ2‐H)2NiII(bpy⋅−) as the active catalyst. MOF‐NiH efficiently catalyzed selective hydrogenation reactions with turnover numbers of up to 192 and could be used in five cycles of hydrogenation reactions without catalyst leaching or significant decrease of catalytic activities. The present work uncovers a synthetic strategy toward solution‐inaccessible Earth‐abundant bimetallic MOF catalysts for sustainable catalysis.
Luminescent Single‐Molecule Magnets as Dual Magneto‐Optical Molecular Thermometers
Authors: Zanella Sofia , Aragon‐Alberti Maxime , Brite Carlos D. S. , Salles Fabrice , Carlos Luís D. , Long Jérôme
Published: July 2023

Luminescent thermometry allows the remote detection of the temperature and holds great potential in future technological applications in which conventional systems could not operate. Complementary approaches to measuring the temperature aiming to enhance the thermal sensitivity would however represent a decisive step forward. For the first time, we demonstrate the proof‐of‐concept that luminescence thermometry could be associated with a complementary temperature readout related to a different property. Namely, we propose to take advantage of the temperature dependence of both magnetic (canonical susceptibility and relaxation time) and luminescence features (emission intensity) found in Single‐Molecule Magnets (SMM) to develop original dual magneto‐optical molecular thermometers to conciliate high‐performance SMM and Boltzmann‐type luminescence thermometry. We highlight this integrative approach to concurrent luminescent and magnetic thermometry using an air‐stable benchmark SMM [Dy(bbpen)Cl] (H2bbpen=N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐N,N′‐bis(2‐methylpyridyl)ethyl‐enediamine)) exhibiting Dy3+ luminescence. The synergy between multiparametric magneto‐optical readouts and multiple linear regression makes possible a 10‐fold improvement in the relative thermal sensitivity of the thermometer over the whole temperature range, compared with the values obtained with the single optical or magnetic devices.
Supramolecular Enhancement of Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrin Organic Cages for Ammonia Electrosynthesis in Water**
Authors: An Lun , Narouz Mina R. , Smith Peter T. , De La Torre Patricia , Chang Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

The electrochemical nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3) represents a sustainable approach for denitrification to balance global nitrogen cycles and an alternative to traditional thermal Haber‐Bosch processes. Here, we present a supramolecular strategy for promoting NH3 production in water from NO3RR by integrating two‐dimensional (2D) molecular cobalt porphyrin (CoTPP) units into a three‐dimensional (3D) porous organic cage architecture. The porphyrin box CoPB‐C8 enhances electrochemical active site exposure, facilitates substrate–catalyst interactions, and improves catalyst stability, leading to turnover numbers and frequencies for NH3 production exceeding 200,000 and 56 s−1, respectively. These values represent a 15‐fold increase in NO3RR activity and 200‐mV improvement in overpotential for the 3D CoPB‐C8 box structure compared to its 2D CoTPP counterpart. Synthetic tuning of peripheral alkyl substituents highlights the importance of supramolecular porosity and cavity size on electrochemical NO3RR activity. These findings establish the incorporation of 2D molecular units into 3D confined space microenvironments as an effective supramolecular design strategy for enhancing electrocatalysis.