bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping the diversity and structuring of migration patterns: One‐off, repeat and multiple migrants in the European Union
Authors: Salamońska Justyna , Czeranowska Olga
Published: June 2021

Much migration research analyses one‐off migration from origin to destination, of a more‐or‐less permanent character. This paper argues that the reality of international movements is more complex. Thus, the aim of our analysis is to shed light on the diversity of migration patterns involving repeat movements between origin and destination and multiple migration, which encompass more than one destination country within its migration trajectory. A review of the literature points to the gap between the literature on repeat migration and that on multiple migration. These two strands of literature developed separately; each took as a frame of reference one‐off migration. In this paper we bridge this theoretical gap. Empirical analysis, based on the European Internal Movers’ Social Survey (EIMSS), quantifies the volume of one‐off, repeat and multiple movements between selected European Union countries. The study also points to how the diverse patterns of migration are socially structured.
Room‐temperature multiferroic characteristics and unique vortex domain structures of h‐Yb1−xInxFeO3 solid solutions
Authors: Liu Mei Ying , Sun Tu Lai , Zhu Xiao Li , Liu Xiao Qiang , Tian He , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: June 2021

Hexagonal rare‐earth ferrites (h‐RFeO3) have attracted much scientific attention due to their room‐temperature multiferroicity. However, it is still a hard job to obtain h‐RFeO3 bulk materials because of the meta‐stability of such hexagonal phase, and the evaluation of room‐temperature ferroelectric and magnetoelectric characteristics in such materials is also a challengeable issue. In the present work, Yb1−xInxFeO3 ceramics with the stable hexagonal structure were obtained by introducing chemical pressure, where the unique ferroelectric domain structures of sixfold vortex combined with tenfold vortex with a typical size of ~400 nm were determined. Symmetry of the present system evolved from centrosymmetric orthorhombic Pbnm (x = 0–0.4) to non‐centrosymmetric hexagonal P63cm (x = 0.5 and 0.6) with a ferroelectric polarization up to 3.2 μC/cm2, and finally to centrosymmetric hexagonal P63/mmc (x = 0.7 and 0.8). The Curie point decreased monotonically from 723 K to a temperature below room temperature with increasing x, and the antiferromagnetic phase transition above room temperature was determined for all compositions. Meanwhile, a large linear magnetoelectric coefficient (αME) up to 0.96 mV/cm Oe was obtained at room temperature, and this indicated the great application potential for magnetoelectric devices.
Abusive leadership versus objectifying job features: Factors that influence organizational dehumanization and workers’ self‐objectification
Authors: Sainz Mario , Baldissarri Cristina
Published: June 2021

Recent research has revealed that work often can undermine people's humanness by promoting a view of them as mere objects. In particular, the workers’ meta‐perceptions of being treated as company resources (i.e., organizational dehumanization) and their self‐perceptions of being instrument‐like (i.e., self‐objectification) could be triggered by several factors. Previous research has identified that abusive supervisors and engaging in objectifying (repetitive, fragmented and other oriented) tasks are two of the main key factors that affect worker's dehumanization. The present project aims to disentangle the extent both factors (perceptions of abusive leadership and performing objectifying tasks) contribute to created perceptions of organizational dehumanization and self‐objectification among workers that, ultimately, affects workers job satisfaction. In Study 1 (N = 208 workers), we measured the extent perceived abusive supervisors and objectifying job features predicted organizational dehumanization, self‐objectification, and job satisfaction. The results indicate that abusive supervisors predicted perceptions of organizational dehumanization and workers self‐objectification in a higher extent than objectifying job features, while workers job satisfaction was predicted in a higher extent by objectifying job features. In Study 2 (N = 141), we experimentally manipulated the abusive (versus nonabusive) supervisors and the objectifying (versus nonobjectifying) tasks in a laboratory setting. Results also indicated that the abusive supervisor exerts a greater influence than performing objectifying tasks on organizational dehumanization, self‐objectification, and job satisfaction. The detrimental effect of an abusive supervisor in comparison with other working conditions on workers’ humanness is discussed, and practical implications are highlighted.
Overexpression of miR‐19a and miR‐20a in iPS‐MSCs preserves renal function of chronic kidney disease with acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in rat
Authors: Lee Mel S. , Yip Hon‐Kan , Yang Chih‐Chao , Chiang John Y. , Huang Tien‐Hung , Li Yi‐Chen , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Sung Pei‐Hsun
Published: June 2021

This study tested the hypothesis that therapy with double overexpression of miR‐19a‐3p and miR‐20a‐5p (miRDOE) to human inducible pluripotent stem cell–derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPS‐MSCs) was superior to iPS‐MSCs alone for preserving renal function in rat with pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD), followed by ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury. In vitro study demonstrated that the protein expressions of oxidative stress (NOX‐1/NOX‐2/NOX4/oxidized protein/p22phox), inflammatory downstream signalling (TLR2&4/MyD88/TRAF6/IKK‐ß/p‐NFκB/IL‐1ß/IL‐6/MMP‐9) and cell apoptosis/death signalling (cleaved caspase‐3/mitochondrial Bax/p‐ERKs/p‐JNK/p‐p38) at time‐points of 24‐hour/48‐hour cell cultures were significantly increased in p‐Cresol‐treated NRK‐52E cells than in the control that was significantly reversed by miR‐19a‐3p‐transfected iPS‐MSC (all P < .001). Animals were categorized into group 1 (sham‐operated control), group 2 (CKD‐IR), group 3 (CKD‐IR + oligo‐miRDOE of iPS‐MSCs/6.0 ×105/intra‐renal artery transfusion/3 hours after IR procedure), group 4 (CKD‐IR + iPS‐MSCs) and group 5 (CKD‐IR + miRDOE of iPS‐MSCs/6.0 ×105/intra‐renal artery transfusion/3 hour after IR procedure). By day 35, the creatinine/BUN levels were lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly lower in group 5 than in groups 3 and 4 (all P < .0001) but they showed no difference between the latter two groups. The protein expressions of oxidative stress, inflammatory downstream signalling and cell apoptosis/death signalling exhibited an identical pattern of creatinine level among the five groups (all P < .00001). Also, the microscopic findings demonstrated that the kidney injury score/fibrotic area/number of inflammatory cells (CD14+/CD68+) exhibited an identical pattern of creatine level (all P < .0001). The miRDOE of iPS‐MSCs was superior to iPS‐MSCs for preserving the residual kidney function and architecture in CKD‐IR rat.
Impact of chronic smoking on traumatic brain microvascular injury: An in vitro study
Authors: Sivandzade Farzane , Alqahtani Faleh , Cucullo Luca
Published: June 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major reason of cerebrovascular and neurological damage. Premorbid conditions such as tobacco smoking (TS) can worsen post‐TBI injuries by promoting vascular endothelial impairments. Indeed, TS‐induced oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation can hamper the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) endothelium. This study evaluated the subsequence of chronic TS exposure on BBB endothelial cells in an established in vitro model of traumatic cell injury. Experiments were conducted on confluent TS‐exposed mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (mBMEC‐P5) following scratch injury. The expression of BBB integrity–associated tight junction (TJ) proteins was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging (IF), Western blotting (WB) and quantitative RT‐PCR. We evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the nuclear factor 2–related (Nrf2) with its downstream effectors and several inflammatory markers. Thrombomodulin expression was used to assess the endothelial haemostatic response to injury and TS exposure. Our results show that TS significantly decreased Nrf2, thrombomodulin and TJ expression in the BBB endothelium injury models while increased OS and inflammation compared to parallel TS‐free cultures. These data suggest that chronic TS exposure exacerbates traumatic endothelial injury and abrogates the protective antioxidative cell responses. The downstream effect was a more significant decline of BBB endothelial viability, which could aggravate subsequent neurological impairments.
Dinoprostone vaginal insert (DVI) versus adjunctive sweeping of membranes andDVIfor term induction of labor
Authors: Bhatia Anju , Teo Puay Ling , Li Mingyue , Lee Jia Ying Beatrice , Chan Mei Xin Joanne , Yeo Tai Wai , Mathur Manisha , Tagore Shephali , Yeo George S. H. , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam
Published: June 2021

Aim

To compare the efficacy and safety of dinoprostone vaginal insert (DVI) alone versus DVI with adjunctive sweeping of membranes (ASM) for induction of labor (IOL).

Methods

Single‐center, prospective, randomized controlled trial; women with singleton term pregnancies, cervical dilation ≥1 and <3 cm, intact membranes allocated to either DVI or DVI with ASM. The primary outcome was vaginal delivery within 24 h of insertion. Secondary outcomes included mean time from insertion to delivery, tachysystole, operative delivery for non‐reassuring fetal status (NRFS), tocolytics, fetal outcomes, pain information, and subject satisfaction.

Results

One hundred and four received DVI (Group 1) alone and 104 DVI with ASM (Group 2). The rate of vaginal delivery within 24 h was 53% versus 56%, cesarean rate 8.7% versus 10.6% in Groups 1 and 2 respectively. Although the duration of labor was similar in both groups, about 6% of women required additional ripening with dinoprostone vaginal tablets in Group 2 compared to 11.5% in Group 1 (p‐value = 0.2). The frequency of hyperstimulation syndrome, failed induction, analgesic requirements, and fetal outcomes were comparable. The majority (83%–86%) in either cohort were satisfied with their labor experience. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a slightly better chance for vaginal delivery within 24 h (odds ratio [OR] 1.22 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.65–2.29];p‐value 0.53] for DVI with ASM, although statistically insignificant. Younger maternal age and multiparity (OR 10.36 [95% CI 4.88–23.67];p‐value <0.0001) contributed to successful IOL.

Conclusion

DVI with ASM is at least as efficacious as DVI for cervical ripening with no increase in morbidity. Although DVI with ASM group less often needed additional dinoprostone tablets to complete the process of IOL (p‐value = 0.2), adjunctive sweeping has not been shown to have a significant impact on the duration of labor or mode of delivery.
Survival Rates of Splinted and Nonsplinted Prostheses Supported by Short Dental Implants (≤8.5 mm): A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Qiu‐Lan , Yao Mian‐Feng , Cao Ruo‐Yan , Zhao Ke , Wang Xiao‐Dong
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To evaluate and compare the implant survival rates, marginal bone loss, and mechanical complications of prostheses supported by splinted and nonsplinted short implants (≤8.5 mm).

Material and Methods

Electronic database (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and EMBASE) and manual searches up to May 2021 were conducted to identify studies comparing splinted and nonsplinted short implants (≤8.5 mm). The primary outcome was implant survival rate. Secondary outcomes were marginal bone loss and mechanical complications. The quality of included studies and risk‐of‐bias were assessed according to the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. A random‐effects model was used to analyze the data.

Results

Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and featured 1506 short implants (596 nonsplinted and 910 splinted) with a follow‐up time ranging from 1 to 16 years. Quantitative analysis found no statistically significant differences between splinted and nonsplinted short implants (≤8.5 mm) for survival rate (RR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 1.01; p = 0.26)) and marginal bone loss (SMD = –0.08; 95% CI – 0.23, 0.07; p = 0.28). Veneer chipping, abutment screw breakage, screw loosening, and loss of retention were reported in the selected studies as common complications. However, no statistically significant difference was found between splinted and nonsplinted short implants (RR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.20, 1.54; p = 0.26).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the present meta‐analysis, it might be concluded that splinted short implants (≤8.5 mm) do not present superior performance in survival rate, marginal bone maintenance and prevention of mechanical complications compared with single‐unit prostheses.
Nutrition‐Exercise Behaviors, Health Literacy Level, and Related Factors in Adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan , Kulakçı‐Altıntaş Hülya
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Health behaviors of adolescents affect their health and well‐being into adulthood. This study was conducted to determine the nutrition‐exercise behaviors, health literacy level, and related factors in adolescents.

METHODS

A cross‐sectional design was used for this study. Overall, 810 students in grades 6–8 in a Turkish school completed the study. A personal information form, the Nutrition‐Exercise Behaviors Scale, and the Health Literacy for School‐Aged Children Scale were used for data collection.

RESULTS

According to the mean score of the Health Literacy Scale, 21% of the students had a low level of health literacy, 63.8% had a medium level, and 15.2% had a high level. A positive correlation was found between health literacy level and healthy nutrition‐exercise behavior (r = 0.345, p < .001), and a positive correlation between health literacy level and meal pattern (r = 0.230, p < .001). A positive correlation (r = 0.385, p < .001) was found between meal pattern and healthy nutrition‐exercise behavior. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.510, p < .001) was found between unhealthy nutrition‐exercise behavior and psychological/addicted eating behavior.

CONCLUSION

The present study revealed that nutrition‐exercise behaviors and the health literacy of adolescents were at a moderate level and, there was a relationship between nutrition‐exercise behaviors and health literacy levels in adolescents. Interventions should be planned and followed through with parents to help adolescents adopt healthy nutrition and exercise behaviors from an early age and to increase their health literacy level. In this context, it is recommended to implement training and intervention programs for adolescents and their families.
hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p regulates expression of the gene U2AF homology motif (UHM) kinase 1
Authors: Mueller Ricarda , Bajric Denis , Keceli Huseyin G. , Keller Andreas , Dommisch Henrik , Elsharawy Abdou , Schaefer Arne S.
Published: June 2021

Objective

We aimed to identify a microRNA (miRNA) that is significantly upregulated in blood and in cells of the oral mucosa upon exposure to the periodontitis main risk factors oral inflammation and tobacco smoke, to subsequently identify its target gene and to describe the molecular mechanism of gene regulation.

Background

miRNAs are associated with many disorders. Array‐based miRNA expression studies indicated a number of differentially expressed miRNAs in the pathology of oral diseases. However, these miRNAs mostly lacked replication, and their target genes have remained unknown.

Methods

863 miRNAs were analyzed in blood from 18 PD cases and 70 controls (Geniom Biochip). Selected miRNAs were analyzed for upregulation in the inflamed oral mucosa of PD patients using published miRNA expression profiling studies from gingival cells. hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p mimic was overexpressed in primary gingival fibroblasts (pGFs) from 3 donors, and genome‐wide mRNA expression was quantified (Clarion Array). Gene‐specific regulation was validated by qRT‐PCR and Luciferase activity in HeLa cells.

Results

hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p showed >twofold change (FC) in 3 independent studies performed in blood, gingival tissues, and cells. After hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p overexpression, genome‐wide expression analysis showed UHMK1 as top 1 downregulated gene in pGFs (p = 2.5 × 10−04, fold change = −1.8). Reporter genes demonstrated that hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p downregulates mRNA levels (p = .02; FC = −1.5), leading to reduction in protein activity (p = .013, FC = −1.3).

Conclusions

hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p is upregulated in blood and ginvial cells exposed to oral inflammation and tobacco smoke and regulates UHMK1, which has a role in osteoclast differentiation.
Constructing the ‘Future of Work’: An analysis of the policy discourse
Authors: Schlogl Lukas , Weiss Elias , Prainsack Barbara
Published: June 2021

Advances in labour‐saving technology have sparked a public debate about the ‘Future of Work’. An important role in this debate is played by policy‐focused literature produced by institutions such as government agencies, international organisations, think tanks, and consulting firms. Using qualitative coding, the present study analyses this ‘grey’ literature (a total of 195 documents published in English 2013–2018) with a focus on what problem perceptions, frames, and policy recommendations prevail in this literature. We find that the dominant narrative treats technological advances as a prime cause of challenges in the labour market and places the main responsibility on the shoulders of individuals in the form of ‘upskilling’. We show how versions of this narrative vary across different types of institutions, what types of organisations are the most prolific publishers of policy papers in this space, and we offer a critique of dominant narratives within the ‘Future of Work’ discourse.
Bench thrombolysis and “autotransplantation” as a rescue treatment for venous thrombosis after living‐donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Ghidini Filippo , De Corti Federica , Leon Francesco Fascetti , Trojan Diletta , Parolin Mattia , Tognon Costanza , Castagnetti Marco , Vidal Enrico , Gamba Piergiorgio
Published: June 2021

Background

Allograft venous thrombosis is a severe complication after kidney transplantation (KT). Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in preserving the survival of the allograft. In this study, we aimed to describe an emergent strategy for the management of acute allograft venous thrombosis.

Case presentation

A 4‐year‐old girl, weighing 13.5 kg, was diagnosed with bilateral congenital renal hypodysplasia, urogenital sinus and anorectal malformation. The patient was referred to our department for living‐donor KT. Her mother was eligible as a donor, presenting a body weight ratio of 1:4.5. Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (ICV) was also identified, without any predisposing factor for thrombophilia. KT was performed by an extraperitoneal approach without complications. Venous anastomosis required a human vascular graft sutured to the ICV, and renal artery was anastomosed to the aorta. On postoperative day (POD) 8, acute abdominal pain and hematuria led to the diagnosis of an allograft venous thrombosis. An emergent laparotomy was required to explant the allograft, followed by bench surgery. The allograft was irrigated with thrombolytic agents and lactated Ringer's solution and then after removing the venous vascular graft, it was reimplanted through vascular anastomosis with the ICV and aorta. The recovery of perfusion and function was good with diuresis since day 4 after re‐surgery. At 2‐year follow‐up, the child presented normal allograft function with an estimated GFR of 65 ml/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusion

According to our experience, explantation of the kidney allograft, followed by irrigation with thrombolytics in bench surgery, and reimplantation resulted in unexpected optimal outcomes in the case of allograft venous thrombosis.
Left temporal pole contributes to creative thinking via an individual semantic network
Authors: Yan Tingrui , Zhuang Kaixiang , He Li , Liu Cheng , Zeng Rongcan , Qiu Jiang
Published: June 2021

The neural substrates that contribute to creative thinking through the recruitment of semantic memory structures remain largely unknown. This study sought to investigate the properties of semantic networks using a semantic judgment rating task at the individual level and explore the relationship among creative abilities, the topological properties of semantic networks, and their underlying brain structures. We first used a semantic judgment rating to assess individual semantic networks and computed their topological properties. The analysis confirmed a significant correlation between the creative thinking abilities assessed by an alternate uses task and all three topological properties. In addition, voxel‐based morphometry was employed to assess the neural correlates of gray matter volume (GMV) related to different topological properties of the semantic network. Results revealed a positive correlation between global efficiency and the left temporal pole cortex, considered to be involved in semantic information transmission and processing. Furthermore, mediation analysis found that the global efficiency of the individual semantic network mediated the association between the left temporal pole GMV and creative thinking, showing that the relationship between left temporal pole GMV and creative thinking may be affected by the semantic networks. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to combine a behavioral investigation of semantic networks with magnetic resonance imaging to shed light on the cerebral structural basis of semantic memory networks, in addition to their relationship to creativity.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Analysis for Zero-Inflated Multivariate Count Data with Application to Microbiome Study
Authors: Shuler Kurtis , Verbanic Samuel , Chen Irene A. , Lee Juhee
Published: June 2021

High-throughput sequencing technology has enabled researchers to profile microbial communities from a variety of environments, but analysis of multivariate taxon count data remains challenging. We develop a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) regression model with zero inflation to analyse multivariate count data from microbiome studies. A BNP approach flexibly models microbial associations with covariates, such as environmental factors and clinical characteristics. The model produces estimates for probability distributions which relate microbial diversity and differential abundance to covariates, and facilitates community comparisons beyond those provided by simple statistical tests. We compare the model to simpler models and popular alternatives in simulation studies, showing, in addition to these additional community-level insights, it yields superior parameter estimates and model fit in various settings. The model's utility is demonstrated by applying it to a chronic wound microbiome data set and a Human Microbiome Project data set, where it is used to compare microbial communities present in different environments.
Human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations have significantly different surface expression patterns of CD226 and TIGIT molecules
Authors: Šunina Marina , Alnek Kristi , Kisand Kai , Uibo Raivo
Published: June 2021

CD226 and the inhibitory T‐cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) belong to a co‐stimulatory receptor system found in both T and natural killer cells. Although data from genome‐wide studies have suggested a strong association between the CD226 locus and multiple autoimmune diseases, the understanding of the balance of CD226/TIGIT axis during the activation of human T‐cell subpopulation remains incomplete. In this study, we aimed to compare pre‐ and post‐stimulation expression profiles of CD226 and TIGIT with those of CD28 in human CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell subpopulations using flow cytometry. The impact of the CD226 single nucleotide polymorphism, rs763361, on cell surface CD226 expression and effector cytokine secretion was also examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy blood donors (n = 65) were studied. Most naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells did not express CD226 and TIGIT, predominantly upregulating activating receptors following stimulation. Memory CD4+ T‐cells exhibited a balanced expression of activating and inhibitory receptors, pre‐ and post‐stimulation. In contrast, memory CD8+ T‐cells predominantly expressed TIGIT. The rs763361 TT genotype was associated with both a reduction in CD226 expression on the cell surface of CD4+ memory T‐cells (P = .004) and increased interleukin‐17A secretion from activated T‐cells (P = .036). Description of different expression patterns on T lymphocyte subpopulations provided in this work will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the CD226/TIGIT axis in control over T‐cell activation and suppression.
Forced Torsional Vibration of Systems With Distributed Mass and Internal and External Damping
Authors: Bisshopp K. E.
Published: June 2021

This analysis extends similar results previously obtained in a paper by Den Hartog and Li, where the remainder torque is calculated at one end of a homogeneous system. Comparative computations made there with complex Holzer tables show excellent agreement with results obtained from the theory of distributed systems. The general boundary-value problem, including the response to an externally applied torque at any section, is solved in this paper. The special case of a homogeneous engine system with a flywheel at one end is analyzed in detail. The theory is illustrated with comparative computations using complex Holzer tables for such a system with external torque applied at a section remote from the ends. Again, numerical results obtained by both methods are in excellent agreement.
Analytical Design of Disk Cams and Three-Dimensional Cams by Independent Position Equations
Authors: Raven Francis H.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a method for the analytical design of cams, based upon independent position equations. From these equations, one can obtain general expressions for cam parameters such as the cam contour, pressure angle, radius of curvature, etc. This procedure is applicable for cam systems with any type of follower motion. The mathematical directness of this method makes it possible to investigate thoroughly even the most complicated cam situations, e.g., three-dimensional cams. Also, it is shown how design charts and procedures may be developed to facilitate the solution of particular cam design problems.
Retarded Flow of Bingham Materials
Authors: Slibar Alfred , Paslay Paul R.
Published: June 2021

The solutions for three cases of retarded flow of a rigid-viscous material are given. These cases are: (a) Sliding parallel plates; (b) Couette flow between concentric cylinders; and (c) axial flow through a circular pipe. For Couette flow two types of loading-unloading paths are found. The results of this analysis explain some of the discrepancies between experimental results and theoretical predictions for a Bingham material.
Analysis of Complex Kinematic Chains With Influence Coefficients
Authors: Modrey J.
Published: June 2021

Highly complex kinematic chains such as Fig. 1(c) can be analyzed by the use of simple vector equations involving influence coefficients. The influence-coefficient equations are related to superposition of simple kinematic chains. The technique for determining the necessary influence coefficients is one of sequentially setting all variables but one to zero and relaxing appropriate constraints to maintain mobility. This “zero-relax” process creates a series of mechanisms each simple enough to be solved by a direct process rather than by simultaneous equations. The analysis of the velocities and accelerations for these simpler mechanisms yields the influence coefficients of the related but more highly complex mechanism.
A Reassessment of Deformation Theories of Plasticity
Authors: Budiansky Bernard
Published: June 2021

It is shown that deformation theories of plasticity may be used for a range of loading paths other than proportional loading without violation of general requirements for the physical soundness of a plasticity theory. The extent to which deviations from proportional loading are admissible on this basis is calculated quantitatively for the simple deformation theory of Nadai. It is shown that the lower the strain-hardening rate of the uniaxial stress-strain curve, the greater are the permissible deviations from proportional loading.
Collapse Loads of Rings and Flanges Under Uniform Twisting Moment and Radial Force
Authors: Paul Burton
Published: June 2021

Limit loads are found for rigid-plastic rings of arbitrary cross section subjected to uniform twisting moments and radial forces distributed over the circumference. It is shown that the interaction curves for limiting values of twisting moment and radial force have the same shape as interaction curves for limiting bending and stretching of straight beams. For rings of small uniform thickness the collapse loads are found to agree very well with those predicted by thin-plate theory. The theory is applied to find the collapse load of thin-walted corrugated tubes under axial thrust.
A New Theory of Elastic Sandwich Plates—One-Dimensional Case
Authors: Yu Yi-Yuan
Published: June 2021

A new flexural theory of isotropic elastic sandwich plates is deduced from the theory of elasticity. The one-dimensional case is presented in this paper. The theory includes the effects of transverse-shear deformation and rotatory inertia in both the core and faces of the sandwich, and no limitation is imposed upon the magnitudes of the ratios between the thicknesses, material densities, and elastic constants of the core and faces of the sandwich. The method used is an extension of one due to Mindlin [1], and the results reduce to those of his for the corresponding homogeneous plates as special limiting cases. A final equation also may be simplified and reduced to the corresponding results of Reissner [2], Hoff [3], and Eringen [4] for the bending of ordinary sandwich plates that have thin faces. Results of the theory are applied to the problem of bending of a cantilever plate subjected to load at the unsupported end and to the problem of propagation of straight-crested waves in an infinite plate.
The Stresses in Infinite Wedges Linearly Tapered in Width and Thickness
Authors: Conway H. D.
Published: June 2021

The solutions are given for some plane stress problems of an infinite wedge linearly tapered in width and thickness, the corresponding solutions for the constant thickness cases being well known. The loadings chosen for illustrative purposes are: (a) concentrated load at end, (b) concentrated couple at end, and (c) uniform normal pressure on one face.
On the Propagation of Shock Waves in a Nonhomogeneous Elastic Medium
Authors: Sternberg Eli , Chakravorty J. G.
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the propagation of shock waves in a nonhomogeneous isotropic plate of infinite extent and arbitrary thickness. The plate has a transverse cylindrical hole at which uniform shearing tractions are suddenly applied and there after steadily maintained; the body is otherwise free from loading. It is assumed that the shear modulus of the material is proportional to an arbitrary—not necessarily integral—power of the radial distance from the axis of the hole, while no restriction is placed upon the (continuous) radial variation of Young’s modulus. The solution obtained, which is discussed in detail, constitutes a generalization of results reached by Goodier and Jahsman [1], who considered the present problem for a homogeneous medium.
Triaxial Tension at the Head of a Rapidly Running Crack in a Plate
Authors: Frankland J. M.
Published: June 2021

The conditions near a crack in a plate, whether stationary or growing, are usually considered to be a state of plane stress. In this note, however, it is shown that appreciable normal stress through the thickness can occur when the crack is growing rapidly. This gives rise to a state of triaxial tension in the core of the plate near the head of the crack and can thus contribute to the brittle behavior observed in such cases. The amount of triaxiality is strongly dependent on the extent of the plastically deformed zone at the end of the crack. This fact may be one reason for the greater brittleness shown by thick plates.
Bending of Isosceles Right Triangular Plates
Authors: Fletcher H. J.
Published: June 2021

Two methods are presented for the solutions of problems of an isosceles right triangular plate bent by arbitrary transverse loads. One method makes use of a concentrated diagonal load on a square plate. The other uses an antisymmetric load on a square plate. A numerical solution is given for the case of clumped hypotenuse and simply supported legs. A table is given indicating how to solve fifteen of the possible eighteen problems in which an edge is free, clamped, or supported.
Flexure of Nonhomogeneous Cylindrically Aeolotropic Plate
Authors: Thorkildsen R. L. , Hoppmann W. H.
Published: June 2021

A method is presented for determining the deflection of a circular plate in which the elastic constants are cylindrically aeolotropic but vary along the radius.
Investigation on the Impact of Angle Dependency and Polarization on Radiation Heat Transfer
Authors: Wijnen Mathieu , van Schijndel Jos , Nakibošlu Güneş
Published: June 2021

In the semiconductor industry, there is an increasing demand for thermal stability to optimize the performance of lithography machines. This results in a need for computational tools that are able to accurately model radiation heat transfer, with the ability to include specular and angle-dependent reflection and take the influence of the polarization into account. An analytical approximation model of a square passage is formulated, that includes angle-dependent reflecting surfaces and the influence of polarization. These problems can be used as benchmarks to verify radiation modeling tools, e.g., comsol. The tool is validated by modeling an experiment and comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The impact of angle dependency and polarization on the heat flux through passages is discussed.
The Key Pinch Stress Radiograph to Evaluate Dorsal Subluxation in the Basilar Thumb Joint
Authors: Norton Nolan M. , Barnds Brandon , McIff Terence E. , Toby E. Bruce , Fischer Kenneth J.
Published: June 2021

The basilar thumb joint is the joint second most commonly affected by osteoarthritis (OA) in the hand. Evaluation of dorsal subluxation of the thumb during a functional task such as key pinch could help assess OA risk. The objectives of this study were to determine the best imaging angle for measuring thumb dorsal subluxation during key pinch and to compare subluxation to corresponding OA grades on the Eaton–Glickel, Outerbridge, and International Cartilage Repair Society scales. Eleven cadaveric forearm specimens were rigged to simulate key pinch. A mobile c-arm captured anteroposterior (AP) view images of the hand and was rotated in 5 deg increments toward the ulnar aspect of the arm up to 60 deg. Dorsal subluxation was measured on each image and compared to determine which angle captured maximum subluxation. The resulting best imaging angle was used for comparisons between dorsal subluxation of the thumb and OA grades for the basilar thumb joint. The max subluxation was in the AP view for most specimens. There was a significant correlation between subluxation and the Eaton–Glickel grade (p = 0.003, R2 = 0.779), but not with either Outerbridge grades (p = 0.8018) or International Cartilage Repair Society grades (p = 0.7001). Our results indicate that dorsal thumb subluxation during key pinch should be measured in the AP view of the forearm/hand. Dorsal thumb subluxation during key pinch had a significant correlation with the Eaton–Glickel radiographic measure of OA but not with more accurate visual classifications of OA.
A Parametric Analysis of Embedded Tissue Marker Properties and Their Effect on the Accuracy of Displacement Measurements
Authors: Dutrisac Scott , Brannen MacKenzie , Hoshizaki T. Blaine , Frei Hanspeter , Petel Oren E.
Published: June 2021

Datasets obtained from cadaveric experimentation are broadly used in validating finite element models of head injury. Due to the complexity of such measurements in soft tissues, experimentalists have relied on tissue-embedded radiographic or sonomicrometry tracking markers to resolve tissue motion caused by impulsive loads. Dynamic coupling of markers with the surrounding tissue has been a previous concern, yet a thorough sensitivity investigation of marker influences on tissue deformation has not been broadly discussed. Technological improvements to measurement precision have bolstered confidence in acquired data; however, precision is often conflated with accuracy; the inclusion of markers in the tissue may alter its natural response, resulting in a loss of accuracy associated with an altered displacement field. To gain an understanding of how marker properties may influence the measured response to impact, we prepared a set of nine marker designs using a Taguchi L9 array to investigate marker design choice sensitivity. Each of these designs was cast into a block of tissue simulant and subjected to repeated drop tests. Vertical displacement was measured and compared to the response of the neat material, which contained massless tracking markers. Medium density and medium stiffness markers yielded the least deviation from the neat material response. The results provide some design guidelines indicating the importance of maintaining marker matrix density ratio below 1.75 and marker stiffness below 1.0 MPa. These properties may minimize marker interference in tissue deformation. Overall, embedded marker properties must be considered when measuring the dynamic response of tissue.
Comprehending Optimality of Finger Flexor Tendon Pulley System Using Computational Analysis
Authors: Khatik Vitthal , Nishad Shyam Sunder , Saxena Anupam
Published: June 2021

Existing prosthetic/orthotic designs are rarely based on kinetostatics of a biological finger, especially its tendon–pulley system (TPS). Whether a biological TPS is optimal for use as a reference, say for design purposes, and if so, in what sense, is also relatively unknown. We expect an optimal TPS to yield a high range of flexion while operating with lower tendon tension, bowstringing, and pulley stresses. To gain insight into the TPS designs, we present a parametric study which is then used to determine optimal TPS configurations for the flexor mechanism. A compliant, flexure-based computational model is developed and simulated using the pseudo-rigid body method, with various combinations of pulley/tendon attachment point locations, pulley heights, and widths. Results suggest that three distinct types of TPS configurations corresponding to a single stiff pulley, two stiff pulleys, or one stiff and one flexible-inextensible pulley per phalange can be optimal. For a TPS configuration similar to a biological one, the distal pulleys on the proximal and intermediate phalanges need to be like flexible–inextensible string loops that effectively model the behavior of joint and cruciate pulleys. We reckon that a biological flexor TPS may have evolved to maximize flexion range with minimum possible actuation tension, bowstringing, and pulley stress. Our findings may be useful in not only developing efficient hand devices but also in improving TPS reconstruction surgery procedures.
High Resolution 2.5D PIV Measurements of the Flow Fields Generated by Small Fans
Authors: Hofer Dominik , Krieger Michael , Kirchhofer Martin
Published: June 2021

The free jets of an axial and a centrifugal fan have been scanned by a specialized particle image velocimetry (PIV) set-up, which allows for volumetric scans of the time-averaged velocity field. Both of these fans have similar dimensions of approximately 70 mm x 70 mm x 25 mm. A classic PIV set-up was combined with a precise linear stage to move the fans through the laser fan beam in small steps, creating a dense array of measurement planes. Two components of the time-averaged velocity field are captured by the first 2.5D scan. Another scan, with the fan rotated by 90° about its outlet surface normal, captures the missing third velocity component. This article describes the details of the measurement set-up, and mentions measures concerning seeding, reflections, and calibration. In the signal processing stage, two independent sets of gathered image data have to be processed, producing two sets of velocity image frames. These are subsequently combined using gridded interpolation in order to obtain a 3D velocity field. Specifically devised software tools allow for a CFD-like analysis and visualization of the flow field. Typical parameters of the generated jets, like the spreading and rotation rates, are calculated from the measurement data and details of the outlet flow fields are investigated. The interpolated data are also used to analyze the influence of an assumed coarser measurement grid resolution on the results for the obtained outlet flow fields.
Taxonomic notes on genus Floridotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with a description of two new species from West Bengal, India and keys to the world species
Authors: Mondal Priyankar , Karmakar Krishna
Published: June 2021

Two new species of Floridotarsonemus Attiah, 1970 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Tarsonemidae), F. kukri Karmakar & Mondal sp. nov. and F. kanthali Karmakar & Mondal sp. nov. are described based on the specimens collected from Rhododendron indicum (Ericaceae), Cinchona officinalis (Rubiaceae) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (Moraceae) in Central Himalayan biogeographic province located in Darjeeling and Kalimpong district and Nadia district in the new alluvial zone of West Bengal, India. This registers the first record of Floridotarsonemus from the Indo-Malyan biogeographic realm. A note on the generic diagnosis of Floridotarsonemus and keys to differentiate the species of world Floridotarsaonemus are provided.
Ultrafast method for scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Authors: Alemansour Hamed , Moheimani S. O. Reza , Owen James H. G. , Randall John N. , Fuchs Ehud
Published: June 2021

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) combines unique capabilities in imaging and spectroscopy with atomic precision, and it can obtain energy-resolved spectroscopic data with atomic resolution. In this paper, we utilize a recently proposed modification to the STM feedback control loop to acquire high quality d2I/dV2 images. We have developed a constant differential conductance imaging method by closing the STM feedback loop with a high precision dI/dV measurement. In this mode, the tip’s vertical position is adjusted so as to keep the differential conductance constant during raster scanning of the surface. Based on this imaging mode, we propose a new technique to acquire fast and reliable scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) data simultaneously with the imaging.
Southern right whale vocalizations on foraging grounds in South Georgia
Authors: Calderan Susannah V. , Leaper Russell C. , Miller Brian S. , Andriolo Artur , Buss Danielle L. , Carroll Emma L. , Kennedy Amy S. , Stepien Emilie N. , Jackson Jennifer A.
Published: June 2021

Southern right whale vocalizations were recorded concurrently with visual observations off the sub-Antarctic Island of South Georgia, and the characteristics of these calls were described. Calls were also compared to those of humpback whales at South Georgia, to determine how the two species might reliably be distinguished acoustically. The southern right whale calls measured (which were all upcalls) had lower frequency with peak energy and were mostly shorter in duration than the calls measured from humpback whales. The frequency upsweep and the lack of harmonics of southern right whale calls were also diagnostic characteristics.
The N-Pact Factor, Replication, Power, and Quantitative Research in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
Authors: Martin Jeffrey , Martin Drew
Published: June 2021

In the current study, a 20-year span of 80 issues of articles (N = 196) in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly (APAQ) were examined. The authors sought to determine whether quantitative research published in APAQ, based on sample size, was underpowered, leading to the potential for false-positive results and findings that may not be reproducible. The median sample size, also known as the N-Pact Factor (NF), for all quantitative research published in APAQ was coded for correlational-type, quasi-experimental, and experimental research. The overall median sample size over the 20-year period examined was as follows: correlational type, NF = 112; quasi-experimental, NF = 40; and experimental, NF = 48. Four 5-year blocks were also analyzed to show historical trends. As the authors show, these results suggest that much of the quantitative research published in APAQ over the last 20 years was underpowered to detect small to moderate population effect sizes.
Ciliopathy protein HYLS1 coordinates the biogenesis and signaling of primary cilia by activating the ciliary lipid kinase PIPKIγ
Authors: Chen Chuan , Xu Qingwen , Zhang Yuxia , Davies Brian A. , Huang Yan , Katzmann David J. , Harris Peter C. , Hu Jinghua , Ling Kun
Published: June 2021

HYLS1 regulates the ciliary phosphoinositide and hedgehog pathways, implicating a novel pathogenic mechanism for HLS syndrome.
East Antarctic cooling induced by decadal changes in Madden-Julian oscillation during austral summer
Authors: Hsu Pang-Chi , Fu Zhen , Murakami Hiroyuki , Lee June-Yi , Yoo Changhyun , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Chang Chueh-Hsin , Liu Yu
Published: June 2021

About 20 to 40% of the recent summer cooling in the East Antarctic was forced by decadal changes in the Madden-Julian oscillation.
Treating Parkinson’s disease by astrocyte reprogramming: Progress and challenges
Authors: Wei Zhuang-Yao D. , Shetty Ashok K.
Published: June 2021

Reprogramming of astrocytes into functional dopaminergic neurons in the brain provides a new avenue to replace neurons lost in PD.
Lactate and IL6 define separable paths of inflammatory metabolic adaptation
Authors: Dichtl Stefanie , Lindenthal Laura , Zeitler Leonie , Behnke Kristina , Schlösser Daniela , Strobl Birgit , Scheller Jürgen , El Kasmi Karim C. , Murray Peter J.
Published: June 2021

Inflammation induces macrophage histone lactylation uncoupled from arginine metabolism or M2 polarization.
Rejection of benign melanocytic nevi by nevus-resident CD4
+
T cells
Authors: Schiferle Erik B. , Cheon Se Yun , Ham Seokjin , Son Heehwa G. , Messerschmidt Jonathan L. , Lawrence Donald P. , Cohen Justine V. , Flaherty Keith T. , Moon James J. , Lian Christine G. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Demehri Shadmehr
Published: June 2021

Nevi (moles) harbor resident immune cells that can be activated to eradicate moles and, potentially, to prevent melanoma.
The CCL2-CCR2 astrocyte-cancer cell axis in tumor extravasation at the brain
Authors: Hajal Cynthia , Shin Yoojin , Li Leanne , Serrano Jean Carlos , Jacks Tyler , Kamm Roger D.
Published: June 2021

Astrocyte-secreted CCL2 promotes cancer cell extravasation at the brain via chemotaxis and chemokinesis.
A seasonally invariant deep transform for visual terrain-relative navigation
Authors: Fragoso Anthony T. , Lee Connor T. , McCoy Austin S. , Chung Soon-Jo
Published: June 2021

Deep image transforms automatically learn stable structures that improve visual navigation for air and space robots.
The TLR7 agonist vesatolimod induced a modest delay in viral rebound in HIV controllers after cessation of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: SenGupta Devi , Brinson Cynthia , DeJesus Edwin , Mills Anthony , Shalit Peter , Guo Susan , Cai Yanhui , Wallin Jeffrey J. , Zhang Liao , Humeniuk Rita , Begley Rebecca , Geleziunas Romas , Mellors John , Wrin Terri , Jones Norman , Milush Jeffrey , Ferre April L. , Shacklett Barbara L. , Laird Greg M. , Moldt Brian , Vendrame Elena , Brainard Diana M. , Ramgopal Moti , Deeks Steven G.
Published: June 2021

Vesatolimod is safe and is associated with a modest delay in viral rebound in HIV controllers after ART cessation.