bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOD-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Inflammasome Activation Exacerbates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis via Interleukin-1β Activation
Authors: Nakata Akinobu , Nadatani Yuji , Watanabe Toshio , Matsumoto Yuji , Kosaka Satoshi , Higashimori Akira , Otani Koji , Hosomi Shuhei , Tanaka Fumio , Kamata Noriko , Taira Koichi , Nagami Yasuaki , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent that induces intestinal mucositis, which causes diarrhea and dehydration. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is responsible for inflammatory response activation via caspase-1 cleavage and subsequent interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 activation and secretion. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in 5-FU-induced small intestinal mucositis. Methods: Small intestinal mucositis was induced in wild-type, NLRP3–/–, and caspase-1–/– mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU. Some mice received intraperitoneal injection of a caspase-1 inhibitor, recombinant IL-1β or IL-18, or neutralizing antibody against IL-1β. Results: Mice treated with 5-FU developed small intestinal mucositis with diarrhea and body weight loss, characterized by a decrease in villus height and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio. These histological changes peaked on day 3 and were accompanied by an increase in mRNA expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β and protein expression of cleaved caspase-1 and mature IL-1β. Mature IL-18 protein expression was not affected by 5-FU administration. NLRP3–/– mice exhibited less severe 5-FU-induced mucositis, and this phenotype was mimicked by genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1. Small intestinal mucositis was aggravated by exogenous IL-1β and neutralized by IL-1β antibody treatment. Administration of exogenous IL-18 or anti-IL-18 antibody did not affect any parameters associated with mucositis. NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β were expressed by inflammatory cells (mainly macrophages) in the lamina propria and damaged epithelial cells. Conclusions: NLRP3 inflammasome activation may exacerbate 5-FU-induced small intestinal mucositis via IL-1β maturation.
Pharmacological Approach to Gastric Acid Suppression: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Herszényi Lászlo , Bakucz Tamás , Barabás Loránd , Tulassay Zsolt
Published: December 2019

Less than 2 centuries have elapsed since the identification of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. The clarification of the molecular mechanisms allowed the effective therapeutic suppression of gastric acid secretion. The spectacular advances in the treatment of acid-related disorders represent a synthesis of the contributions of several brilliant pharmacologists, basic scientists, and clinical physicians. Effective gastric acid suppressive therapy has dramatically improved the therapy and outcome of acid-related disorders. The introduction of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in clinical practice has significantly changed the medical management of upper gastrointestinal disorders. PPIs represent the “gold-standard” therapy in acid-related disorders. However, some challenges persist in the therapy of acid related diseases, including management of patients who respond inadequately to PPI therapy, more effective gastroprotection, or more powerful antisecretory treatment for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. New antisecretory drugs are currently being developed and investigated to further provide a more effective and profound gastric acid secretion inhibition. The major advance has been the development of acid pump ­antagonists, the potassium channel acid blocking drugs (­P-CABs). Long-term studies comparing P-CABs with PPIs will help to define the exact place and safety profile of this class of drug in the management of acid-related disorders.
“A Marvelous Painting”: the Erotic Dimension of Saʿdi’s Praise Poetry
Authors: Ingenito Domenico
Published: December 2019

This article approaches Saʿdi’s little-studied panegyric production. The contribution focuses on an encomiastic modality that is almost completely neglected when it comes to the study of the Persian qasida as a performative text that enacts the political, ethical, and aesthetic values of the court. This modality is primarily amatory, and combines the standard erotic discourse of the Ghaznavids and late Saljuq poems of praise with Saʿdi’s original theo-erotic lyricism, which is mostly known through his ghazals. This critical approach will unfold by unearthing its underlying functions in a broad variety of qasidas that relate to the courtly conversations between Saʿdi and two young rulers who patronized the majority of Saʿdi’s literary activities: the Salghurid prince Saʿd b. Abi Bakr (d. 1260), and the minister of finances (sāheb divān) of the Il-khanid empire, Shams al-Din Jovayni (d. 1284).
Political Consent, Promissory Fidelity and Rights Transfers in Grotius
Authors: Ramelet Laetitia
Published: December 2019

Grotius (1583–1645) is now widely acknowledged as an important figure in early modern contractual and consensual theories of political authority and legitimacy. However, as his thoughts on these debates are disseminated throughout his works rather than systematically ordained, it remains difficult to assess what, if anything, constitutes his distinctive mark. In the present paper, I will argue that his works contain a combination of two conceptual elements that have come to constitute a salient characteristic of early modern contract and consent theories: first, a strong obligation to keep one’s promises, and second, an account of perfect promises as transferrals of rights. In the political sphere, this means that citizens who have promised their obedience to the authorities are obligated to keep faith, which provides a solid foundation for political obligations. In addition, their promise implies that authorities receive the right to rule over them, which accounts for the legitimacy of these authorities’ power.
Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf on Last Wills and Testaments
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael
Published: December 2019

Hugo Grotius believed that last wills belonged to the Law of Nature, whereas Samuel Pufendorf argued that testamentary succession was a mere creation of human laws. I argue that Pufendorf’s rejection of the Natural Law origins for wills lacks internal consistency in both his Natural Law system and his proprietary rights theory. Pufendorf even contradicts his own previous claim stating wills are recognised by the Law of Nature as useful to the promotion of social peace. Grotius’s analysis of testaments, on the other hand, brief though it may be, is entirely consistent with his previous arguments: that the Law of Nature can attach itself to human creation; and that a human creation such as testamentary succession belongs to Natural Law when derived from, or when it agrees with, human reason and sociability.
Skilled Youth Outmigration from Serbia in a Developmental Perspective
Authors: Bobić Mirjana , Anđelković Milica Vesković
Published: December 2019

This article conceptualizes contemporary mass emigration of skilled youth from post-transitional societies such as Serbia in the context of globalization and transnationalism. Today, developed and knowledge-based economies are searching for young, highly educated professionals (IT professionals, scientists, researchers, medical staff, etc). Massive mobility has been motivated by better work prospects and life choices, especially in nations undergoing large social changes, i.e. in the process of their insertion into the world’s capitalist system. However, new theoretical perspectives and corresponding policy responses might be helpful in addressing this phenomenon not only as a loss for sending countries but also as a potential gain. Skilled youth migration might be transformed into ‘brain gain’ and ‘brain circulation’ taking into account a wider migration–development nexus. This article discusses two possible options in the context of a network society: transnational entrepreneurship and diaspora. These might prove to be powerful incentives for modernizing local economies, alleviating poverty and reducing unemployment. Regrettably, policy makers in Serbia, as well others from the region, are neither fully aware, nor engaged in potential utilization of these resources.
Rockefeller Foundation’s Rural Philanthropy in China: a Case Study of the North China Council for Rural Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang (张瑞胜) Ruisheng
Published: December 2019

In the early twentieth century, approximately eighty-five percent of the Chinese population relied on agriculture for their livelihood. Aiming to improve the well-being of China’s vast rural population, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) made their own efforts through conducting philanthropy in rural China. The North China Council for Rural Reconstruction (NCCRR), a RF-funded rural philanthropic program composed of six Chinese institutions, was established in Peiping (Beijing) on April 2, 1936. As a nontraditional and experimental program, the NCCRR brought together the leading professors from various disciplines at different universities into intimate contact with philanthropic and educational activities in rural China. Although the program perhaps pointed to the modest ways in which institutions conducted rural philanthropy, the task of reviving China’s countryside was ultimately too heavy for the RF as a foreign private foundation. Due to complicated circumstances far beyond their control, the RF had to terminate its rural reconstruction work in 1944.
Memory and Politics in the Chronicle Lists of Princes, 12th–15th Centuries
Authors: Bogatyrev Sergei
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the lists of princes that can be found in the East Slavic chronicles compiled from the twelfth to the fifteenth century, including the Primary Chronicle and the Novgorodian chronicles. For the first time in the historiography, this work studies the corpus of princely lists as distinctive texts with specific cultural functions. The lists of princes were not reference tools but rather charters that validated political arrangements and shaped collective identities. On the basis of textual and formal analysis, the article demonstrates that the chronicle lists of princes legitimised kingship and served as a form of recorded collective memory for members of princely families and their Novgorodian allies. In a group of princely lists from the first half of the fifteenth century, the genealogical concepts of the Riurikid and Danilovichi dynasties appeared for the first time in East Slavic literature. These concepts reflected intensified contacts among literati in the East Slavic republic of letters and political changes caused by the expansionism of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the growth of the principalities of Moscow and Tver’.
Who Spoke for Russia’s Muslims?
Authors: Pollock Sean
Published: December 2019

The article examines the ways that historians think about the evidence they use in their accounts of Russian-Muslim relations. It focuses on a neglected type of source that reflects relations between tsarist officials and the peoples of the Caucasus – North Caucasus Turki letters exchanged between members of the native population and tsarist officials. The article considers the extent to which historians of Russian-Muslim encounters discuss primary sources in their work. It draws attention to and considers the consequences of historians’ neglect of Caucasus-related tsarist and Muslim diplomatics. Finally, the article examines an array of Turki letters for what they reveal about Russian-Muslim encounters in the North Caucasus between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. The article argues that tsarist officials used correspondence in Turki to claim Caucasus Muslims as subjects. For their part, Caucasus Muslims used Turki to communicate their needs and wants to tsarist officials locally, regionally, and centrally, and to express their willingness to advance Russia’s interests as the tsar’s servants (qullar). The article concludes that tsarist officials and Caucasus Muslims often had compelling reasons to cultivate mutually beneficial relationships, and that their ability to do so, to overcome the myriad internal and external challenges to Russian-Muslim comity, helps to explain the longevity of Russian empire in the Caucasus.
Religion and Literature: History and Method
Authors: Ziolkowski Eric
Published: December 2019

Religion and literature is the study of interrelationships between religious or theological traditions and literary traditions, both oral and written, with special attention to religious or theological underpinnings of, influences upon, and reflections in, individual “texts” (oral and written) or authors’ oeuvres. This overview considers the origins and history of, and methods employed in, that scholarly enterprise, focusing upon the dual construals of “literature” in religious studies (as a body of sacred writings and as writing valued for artistic merit); the problematics of defining “religion”; the transformation of theology and literature as a “field” (pioneered by Nathan A. Scott Jr. et al.) to religion and literature; the affiliated fields of myth criticism, and of biblical reception; and the institutionalization, globalization, and future of the study of religion and literature.
Lectotypification of two names of Smithsonia Saldanha (Orchidaceae)

Authors: BOKIL SARANG A. , DARSHETKAR ASHWINI M. , MAURYA SATISH , CHOUDHARY RITESH KUMAR , DATAR MANDAR N.
Published: December 2019

The genus Smithsonia Saldanha (1974: 73) belongs to family Orchidaceae, subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Vandeae, subtribe Aeridinae and is endemic to Western Ghats of India (Kumar et al. 2001, Irwin & Narasimhan 2011). The genus comprises three species, viz. S. straminea C.J.Saldanha (1974: 73), S. maculata (Dalzell) (1851: 282) C.J.Saldanha (1974: 74) and S. viridiflora (Lindl.) (1858: 38) C.J.Saldanha (1974: 75).
Strelitziana sarbhoyi sp. nov. (Strelitzianaceae, Chaetothyriales), from North-Western Himalayas, India, described based on morphology and molecular phylogeny

Authors: RANA SHIWALI , SINGH SANJAY KUMAR , SINGH PARAS NATH
Published: December 2019

Strelitziana sarbhoyi is established as a new species to accommodate a phylloplane fungus isolated from Mallotus philippensis collected from Kangra region of North-Western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh. The identity of the fungus is confirmed based on the asexual-morphs, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and partial nuclear ribosomal 28S large subunit (LSU) sequence data. The placement of S. sarbhoyi in the phylogenetic tree was determined based on DNA sequences from authenticated isolates of Strelitziana. Strelitziana sarbhoyi shows nearly 94% similarity with other known species of Strelitziana. Area description is provided for the proposed taxon along with microscopic images, and a phylogenetic tree. This is probably the first report of Strelitziana from India. Holotype specimen (dried voucher culture) is deposited in the Ajrekar Mycological Herbarium (AMH), and an ex-type culture is deposited in National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI).
An annotated checklist of Acanthocephala from Australian fish
Authors: SMALES LESLEY R , WEAVER HAYLEE J
Published: December 2019

Thirty one genera, comprising 58 named species, 15 undetermined species and nine species known only as cystacanths from paratenic fish hosts were found infesting 144 marine, esturine and freshwater species of fish from Australian and Australian Antarctic waters. Host habitats are given and the distribution and records of the acanthocephalans are given. A key to these parasites at the generic level is provided.
Revision of Brazilian species of Aleochara Gravenhorst of the subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: CARON EDILSON , MOUSSALLEM MARCELO , BORTOLUZZI SIDNEI
Published: December 2019

Adults and larvae of Aleochara are found in fly-infested habitats, where the larvae are ectoparasitoids of fly pupae. There are three subgenera recorded in Brazil. This study provides a taxonomic revision of Brazilian species of the subgenus Aleochara. As a result, we recognize seven species in Brazil, A. bonariensis Lynch, A. bugnioni Fauvel, A. lustrica Say, A. chrysorrhoa Erichson and three species described by Sharp: A. auricoma, A. mundana and A. prisca. Redescriptions and illustrations of the male and female genitalia are provided for all species. Nomenclatural changes: A. bugnioni is considered a new junior synonym of A. lateralis Erichson, and A. pseudochrysorrhoa Caron, Mise & Klimaszewski is a new junior synonymy of A. bonariensis. In addition, the type of A. verecunda Sharp, was not studied and the name is considered as species inquirenda, while A. curtula (Goeze) is not confirmed in Brazil and its Neotropical records is discussed. Finally, a key to species is provided and an updated checklist of the Brazilian species of Aleochara (Aleochara), including synonyms, is compiled.
First record of tribe Laenini (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lagriinae) from Shanghai, with description of a new species of the genus Laena Dejean
Authors: SONG XIAO-BIN , ZHOU DE-YAO , CHEN ZHI-BING , LIN MING-ZHEN , ZHU JIAN-QING
Published: December 2019

Laena hongqiao sp. n. is described from Shanghai. This discovery expands the provincial distribution of the huge tenebrionid genus Laena in mainland China, and enriches the knowledge of the species diversity in Shanghai. A key modified from Schawaller 2008 and Wei & Ren 2018 is provided to include this new species.
Description of a new species of Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Paguroidea: Paguridae) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America, with notes on Pagurus albus (Benedict, 1892)
Authors: AYÓN-PARENTE MANUEL , WEHRTMANN INGO S.
Published: December 2019

A redescription of Pagurus albus (Benedict, 1892) is presented together with a description of a new species of hermit crab, Pagurus pseudoalbus sp. n., from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Pagurus pseudoalbus sp. n. differs from P. albus and P. perlatus by the length of antennal acicles, which do not exceed the distal margin of the 4th antennal segment, whereas in the latter two species, the antennal acicles exceed the 4th antennal segment; the antennular peduncle is proportionally longer than the ocular peduncle in the new species compared to P. perlatus, but shorter than in P. albus; the palm of the right cheliped in P. pseudoalbus sp. n. is 1.3 times as long as broad, while in P. albus and P. perlatus it is 1.0 and 1.4 times as long as broad, respectively. Including the new species, the genus Pagurus in the Eastern Tropical Pacific currently includes 16 species.
Arctic Snowfall from CloudSat Observations and Reanalyses
Authors: Edel L. , Claud C. , Genthon C. , Palerme C. , Wood N. , L’Ecuyer T. , Bromwich D.
Published: December 2019

While snowfall makes a major contribution to the hydrological cycle in the Arctic, state-of-the-art climatologies still significantly disagree. We present a satellite-based characterization of snowfall in the Arctic using CloudSat observations, and compare it with various other climatologies. First, we examine the frequency and phase of precipitation as well as the snowfall rates from CloudSat over 2007–10. Frequency of solid precipitation is higher than 70% over the Arctic Ocean and 95% over Greenland, while mixed precipitation occurs mainly over North Atlantic (50%) and liquid precipitation over land south of 70°N (40%). Intense mean snowfall rates are located over Greenland, the Barents Sea, and the Alaska range (>500 mm yr−1), and maxima are located over the southeast coast of Greenland (up to 2000 mm yr−1). Then we compare snowfall rates with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim, herein ERA-I) and Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR). Similar general geographical patterns are observed in all datasets, such as the high snowfall rates along the North Atlantic storm track. Yet, there are significant mean snowfall rate differences over the Arctic between 58° and 82°N between ERA-I (153 mm yr−1), ASR version 1 (206 mm yr−1), ASR version 2 (174 mm yr−1), and CloudSat (183 mm yr−1). Snowfall rates and differences are larger over Greenland. Phase attribution is likely to be a significant source of snowfall rate differences, especially regarding ERA-I underestimation. In spite of its nadir-viewing limitations, CloudSat is an essential source of information to characterize snowfall in the Arctic.
An efficient exact algorithm for computing all pairwise distances between reconciliations in the duplication-transfer-loss model
Authors: Santichaivekin Santi , Mawhorter Ross , Libeskind-Hadas Ran
Published: December 2019

Background

Maximum parsimony reconciliation in the duplication-transfer-loss model is widely used in studying the evolutionary histories of genes and species and in studying coevolution of parasites and their hosts and pairs of symbionts. While efficient algorithms are known for finding maximum parsimony reconciliations, the number of reconciliations can grow exponentially in the size of the trees. An understanding of the space of maximum parsimony reconciliations is necessary to determine whether a single reconciliation can adequately represent the space or whether multiple representative reconciliations are needed.

Results

We show that for any instance of the reconciliation problem, the distribution of pairwise distances can be computed exactly by an efficient polynomial-time algorithm with respect to several different distance metrics. We describe the algorithm, analyze its asymptotic worst-case running time, and demonstrate its utility and viability on a large biological dataset.

Conclusions

This result provides new insights into the structure of the space of maximum parsimony reconciliations. These insights are likely to be useful in the wide range of applications that employ reconciliation methods.
SimSpliceEvol: alternative splicing-aware simulation of biological sequence evolution
Authors: Kuitche Esaie , Jammali Safa , Ouangraoua Aïda
Published: December 2019

Background

It is now well established that eukaryotic coding genes have the ability to produce more than one type of transcript thanks to the mechanisms of alternative splicing and alternative transcription. Because of the lack of gold standard real data on alternative splicing, simulated data constitute a good option for evaluating the accuracy and the efficiency of methods developed for splice-aware sequence analysis. However, existing sequence evolution simulation methods do not model alternative splicing, and so they can not be used to test spliced sequence analysis methods.

Results

We propose a new method called SimSpliceEvol for simulating the evolution of sets of alternative transcripts along the branches of an input gene tree. In addition to traditional sequence evolution events, the simulation also includes gene exon-intron structure evolution events and alternative splicing events that modify the sets of transcripts produced from genes. SimSpliceEvol was implemented in Python. The source code is freely available athttps://github.com/UdeS-CoBIUS/SimSpliceEvol.

Conclusions

Data generated using SimSpliceEvol are useful for testing spliced RNA sequence analysis methods such as methods for spliced alignment of cDNA and genomic sequences, multiple cDNA alignment, orthologous exons identification, splicing orthology inference, transcript phylogeny inference, which requires to know the real evolutionary relationships between the sequences.
The direct healthcare costs attributable to West Nile virus illness in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study using laboratory and health administrative data
Authors: Shing Emily , Wang John , Nelder Mark P. , Parpia Camilla , Gubbay Jonathan B. , Loeb Mark , Kristjanson Erik , Marchand-Austin Alex , Moore Stephen , Russell Curtis , Sider Doug , Sander Beate
Published: December 2019

Background

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, first detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 and spread across North America over the next decade. Though endemic in the most populous areas of North America, few studies have estimated the healthcare costs associated with WNV. The objective of this study was to determine direct healthcare costs attributable to WNV illness in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

We conducted a cost-of-illness study on incident laboratory confirmed and probable WNV infected subjects identified from the provincial laboratory database from Jan 1, 2002 through Dec 31, 2012. Infected subjects were linked to health administrative data and matched to uninfected subjects. We used phase-of-care methods to calculate costs for 3 phases of illness: acute infection, continuing care, and final care prior to death. Mean 10-day attributable costs were reported in 2014 Canadian dollars, per capita. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the impact of WNV neurologic syndromes on healthcare costs.

Results

One thousand five hundred fifty-one laboratory confirmed and probable WNV infected subjects were ascertained; 1540 (99.3%) were matched to uninfected subjects. Mean age of WNV infected subjects was 49.1 ± 18.4 years, 50.5% were female. Mean costs attributable to WNV were $1177 (95% CI: $1001, $1352) for acute infection, $180 (95% CI: $122, $238) for continuing care, $11,614 (95% CI: $5916, $17,313) for final care - acute death, and $3199 (95% CI: $1770, $4627) for final care - late death. Expected 1-year costs were $13,648, adjusted for survival. Three hundred seventeen infected subjects were diagnosed with at least one neurologic syndrome and greatest healthcare costs in acute infection were associated with encephalitis ($4710, 95% CI: $3770, $5650).

Conclusions

WNV is associated with increased healthcare resource utilization across all phases of care. High-quality studies are needed to understand the health system impact of vector-borne diseases and evaluate the cost effectiveness of novel WNV interventions.
Diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice computed tomography in children with Abernethy malformation
Authors: Guo Chen , Zhong Yu-Min , Wang Qian , Hu Li-Wei , Gu Xiao-Hong , Shao Hong , Wu Wei , Cao Jian-Feng , Qiu Hai-Sheng
Published: December 2019

Background

Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital abnormality. Imaging examination is an important method for the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate manifestations of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in Abernethy malformation and its diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

Fourteen children with Abernethy malformation were admitted to our center in China between July 2011 and January 2018. All 14 patients (eight males and six females) received MSCT and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) while eight patients also received ultrasound. The patients’ age ranged from 1 to 14 (median age 8 years old). The clinical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. MSCT raw data were transferred to an Advantage Windows 4.2 or 4.6 workstation (General Electric Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI). We compared the findings of MSCT with DSA and surgical results in order to ascertain diagnostic accuracy.

Results

Three cases had type Ib Abernethy malformation and eleven cases had type II. Two cases of type II Abernethy malformation were misdiagnosed as type Ib using MSCT. Comparing the findings of MSCT with DSA and surgical results, the accuracy of MSCT was 85.7% (12/14), in which 100.0% (3/3) were type Ib and 81.8% (9/11) were type II. Clinical information included congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, abnormal liver function, hepatic nodules, elevated blood ammonia, and hepatic encephalopathy. Eleven cases were treated after diagnosis. One patient with Abernethy malformation type Ib (1/3) underwent liver transplantation. Seven patients with Abernethy malformation type II (7/11) were treated by shunt occlusion, received laparoscopy, or were treated with open surgical ligation. Another three patients (3/11) with Abernethy malformation type II were treated by interventional portocaval shunt occlusion under DSA.

Conclusion

MSCT attains excellent capability in diagnosing type II Abernethy malformation and further shows the location of the portocaval shunt. DSA can help when it is hard to determine diagnosis between Abernethy type Ib and II using MSCT.
Association between lifestyle and musculoskeletal pain: cross-sectional study among 10,000 adults from the general working population
Authors: Kirsch Micheletti Jéssica , Bláfoss Rúni , Sundstrup Emil , Bay Hans , Pastre Carlos Marcelo , Andersen Lars Louis
Published: December 2019

Background

Work-related musculoskeletal pain is a major cause of work disability and sickness absence. While pain is a multifactorial phenomenon being influenced by work as well as lifestyle, less is known about the association between specific lifestyle factors and the type of musculoskeletal pain. The aim of the study was to investigate if a dose-response association existed between lifestyle factors and musculoskeletal pain intensity in the low back and neck-shoulder.

Methods

Currently employed wage earners (N = 10,427) replied in 2010 to questions about work environment, lifestyle and health. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for various confounders tested the association of alcohol intake, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and smoking (explanatory variables) with low back pain and neck-shoulder pain intensity (outcomes variables, scale 0–9, where ≥4 is high pain).

Results

The minimally adjusted model found that physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake were associated with lower risk of musculoskeletal pain, while smoking was associated with higher risk of musculoskeletal pain. In the fully adjusted model, physical activity ≥5 h per week was associated with lower risk of low back pain and neck-shoulder pain with risk ratios (RR) of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–1.00) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.82–0.99), respectively. No association was found between alcohol intake and pain.

Conclusion

Being physically active associated with lower risk of having musculoskeletal pain, while smoking habits and healthy eating were associated with higher pain when adjusting for age and gender. Considering the continuously increasing retirement age in many societies, initiatives to promote healthy habits should still be a political priority to help the workers to stay healthy and cope to their work.
Sonia Boyce
Authors: Dalal-Clayton Anjalie
Published: December 2019

The British artist Sonia Boyce was a central figure in the British Black Arts Movement and has in recent years achieved widespread critical acclaim within the field of British art. Although she is now known for her performative and collaborative approach to art making, she began her career making figurative oil pastel and charcoal portraits that have become synonymous with black artistic practices of the 1980s. This article presents a new reading of three of these iconic portraits—Auntie Enid–The Pose (1985), Missionary Position II (1985), and Big Women’s Talk (1984). The new reading respects, but diverges from, previous interpretations that have typically focused on representations of black domestic life and the politics of identity. Taking direction from several interviews with the artist, including one conducted by the author in 2015, the article uses a formal analysis to propose the hitherto unacknowledged or under-appreciated interplay with modernism and other art movements within the three artworks in question.
Should intraoperative nerve monitoring be used routinely in primary thyroid surgeries?
Authors: Akıcı Murat , Çilekar Murat , Yılmaz Sezgin , Arıkan Yüksel
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study presents the effects of intraoperative nerve monitoring on RLN injuries in patients who underwent primary surgery for benign thyroid pathology.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of 273 patients who had primary thyroidectomy due to benign thyroid pathology between January 2012 and July 2017. The patients were classified into two groups. Group-1 consists of patients whose nerves were monitored. We separated the patients whose nerves were not monitored into Group-2.

Results: There were 140 and 133 patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Regarding the age, gender and surgical indication between the groups, statistically significant difference was not found (P > 0.05). In Group-1, transient paralysis developed in four patients (2.9%). The permanent paralysis developed in one patient (0.7%). In Group-2, transient paralysis developed in nine patients (6.8%). The permanent paralysis developed in four patients (3%). When the groups were evaluated, there was statistically significant difference in terms of transient and permanent paralysis (P=0.01, P =0.001, respectively).

Conclusions: In view of the negative effects of RLN injury on the patient, we think that intraoperative nerve monitoring should be used routinely in benign thyroid surgeries.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1054

How to cite this:Akici M, Cilekar M, Yilmaz S, Arikan Y. Should intraoperative nerve monitoring be used routinely in primary thyroid surgeries? Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):276-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1054

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Association of anti-HCV sero-prevalence with blood transfusion and practice of haemodialysis from multiple centres in patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Amjad Umbreen , Ahmad Saqib Qayyum , Mir Saima , Ayub Moazam
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To determine the frequency of anti-HCV in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) and its association with history of blood transfusion and with the practice of HD from more than one center.

Methods: All the patients on maintenance HD at Bahria International hospital (BIH) Rawalpindi from March 2019 to May 2019 were included. Demographic details, history of blood transfusions and history of HD from any other center in addition to BIH, were recorded. Anti-HCV was done by chemiluminescent assay. Chi-square was used to compare the categorical variables. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) for the groups exposed to risk were calculated.

Results: Of 96 patients, 40 (41.6%) were anti-HCV positive. Sixty–two (64.6%) had transfusion history. Thirty-one (50%) of these 62 were anti–HCV positive as compared to 9 (26.5%) of 34 with no history of transfusion (p=0.025); OR=2.78 (p=0.0278), RR=1.89 (p=0.0420). Among 66(68.7%) of 96 who had HD from other centres in addition to ours, 33(50%) were anti-HCV positive as compared to 7(23.3%) of 23 who had HD from BIH only (p=0.014); OR=3.29 (p=0.0167), RR=2.14 (p=0.0309).

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence (41.6%) of anti-HCV in our HD patients and anti-HCV positivity had significant association with history of blood transfusion as well as with history of HD from multiple centres.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1343

How to cite this:Amjad U, Ahmad SQ, Mir S, Ayub M. Association of anti-HCV sero-prevalence with blood transfusion and practice of haemodialysis from multiple centres in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):286-289. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1343

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Saatesõna ESUKA – JEFUL erinumbrile „Kõneuurimise suundi II“
Authors: Pajupuu Hille , Altrov Rene , Mihkla Meelis
Published: December 2019

Saatesõna ESUKA – JEFUL erinumbrile „Kõneuurimise suundi II“
Keele asend eesti palatalisatsioonis
Authors: Malmi Anton , Lippus Pärtel
Published: December 2019

Artiklis uuritakse palatalisatsiooni mõju konsonandi ja talle eelneva vokaali häälduskohale ja kestusele. Katse viidi läbi elektromagnetartikulograafi abil, mis mõõdab katseisiku artikulaatoritele liimitud sensorite liikumist kolmemõõtmelises ruumis. Tulemused näitasid, et palataliseerimisega kaasnes konsonandi ja talle eelneva vokaali hääldamisel keele kõrgem ja eespoolsem asend. Keele eesosa kõrgus oli vähesel määral palatalisatsioonist mõjutatud, kuid kõrguse muutumine ei olnud süsteemne. Tulemused ei näidanud palatalisatsiooni süstemaatilist efekti ka konsonandi ja talle eelneva vokaali kestusele. Ainult üksikutel juhtudel pikenes hääliku kestus palataliseeritud kontekstis olulisel määral.

Abstract. Anton Malmi and Pärtel Lippus: The position of the tongue in Estonian palatalization. This article analyses the effect of secondary palatalization of alveolar consonants on the place of articulation and the segmental duration in Estonian CVC words. The study was carried out with 21 test subjects using a Carstens AG501 electromagnetic articulograph. The results show that the place of articulation of palatalized consonants was always higher and more anterior than that of non-palatalized consonants. The back of the tongue was raised towards the hard palate, but the height of the apical part of the tongue was not systematically affected by palatalization. With few exceptions, the duration of the vowels and consonants were not affected by palatalization.

Keywords: articulatory phonetics, experimental phonetics, articulation, palatalization, Estonian, duration, Carstens AG501
ANÁLISE DAS CONDIÇÕES DE MORADIA E DO MEIO AMBIENTE EM ASSENTAMENTOS PRECÁRIOS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CURITIBA A PARTIR DO PAC HABITAÇÃO
Authors: Monteiro Fabiana Alves
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as transformações socioambientais ocorridas na última década em assentamentos de três municípios integrantes da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC): Campo Magro, Colombo e Piraquara. Os assentamentos aqui analisados foram selecionados no ano de 2007 para passar por intervenção do poder público com recursos do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) no eixo Habitação, em função da condição de risco e precariedade das moradias e degradação do meio ambiente. A partir de então, a COHAPAR e as Prefeituras desses municípios passaram a agir no sentido de implementar as propostas elaboradas para estas áreas. Dessa forma, são também discutidos aqui os resultados parciais do Programa na RMC e nestes assentamentos, com base em informações fornecidas pelo Ministério das Cidades, Prefeituras Municipais e em pesquisa de campo.
Aplicación del Derecho cambiante
Authors: Iniesta Delgado Juan José
Published: December 2019

Los cambios en el Derecho generan el dilema sobre cuál es el Derecho aplicable a las situaciones de transición. Este dilema suele explicarse como un conflicto normativo entre el Derecho nuevo y el Derecho antiguo. Las disposiciones transitorias y ciertos principios como el de irretroactividad funcionarían como criterios de resolución de conflictos para identificar la norma aplicable a estas situaciones. Esta explicación está basada en gran parte en la confusión generada por la ambigüedad de la noción de aplicabilidad, lo que posibilita su empleo tanto en la norma derogada como en la norma recién creada, junto con los también diversos sentidos que pueden atribuirse a la noción de retroactividad.
Técnica legislativa del feminicidio y sus problemas probatorios
Authors: Vázquez Carmen
Published: December 2019

En muchos países latinoamericanos se ha establecido el delito de «feminicidio» o «femicidio»; sin embargo, pese a usar la misma etiqueta, los hechos que se consideran jurídicamente relevantes en cada país son distintos. En atención a ello, esos tipos penales latinoamericanos pueden clasificarse considerando la importancia que parecen atribuirle a la prueba de las motivaciones del hombre acusado de matar a una mujer por razones de género. Dados los distintos escenarios resultantes a partir de esa clasificación, los problemas probatorios que se enfrentan en la aplicación del feminicidio en cada regulación nacional son sumamente diversos. Así pues, este artículo analiza la interrelación entre el modo en que se formulan las normas penales sustantivas y los problemas probatorios que surgen en su aplicación.
Educação Ambiental Popular como concepção formativa: entremeares da Extensão, Ensino e Pesquisa
Authors: Claro Lisiane Costa , Pereira Roberta Avila
Published: December 2019

A Educação Ambiental Popular (EAP) contribui à formação num horizonte humanizador, potencializando relações de solidariedade e compromisso pela justiça socioambiental. O texto apresenta o processo de constituição de educadores ambientais populares em formação inicial e continuada por meio da Hermenêutica enquanto caminho epistemológico, viabilizando a leitura compreensiva das relações entre a extensão, ensino e pesquisa com base na proposta do Grupo de Estudos sobre Fundamentos da Educação Ambiental e Popular (GEFEAP) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Considera-se que a EAP como eixo articulador formativo, instiga a redefinição de suas bases num horizonte criativo e transformador da esfera pedagógica, epistêmica e social. Esta redefinição garante o princípio da indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão na universidade pública, reinserindo a extensão no espaço de fundamental potência à pesquisa e ao ensino.
Cartaz: Um contributo do Design para a formação do Educador Ambiental.
Authors: Costa Marco António , Pires Luis , Mendonça Rui , Rodrigues Maria José
Published: December 2019

Sendo a interdisciplinaridade científico-pedagógica uma das características basilares da Licenciatura em Educação Ambiental do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, o seu plano curricular permite a integração das Artes Visuais e, em particular, o campo do Design de Comunicação Visual. Neste artigo pretende-se apresentar a conciliação entre o design e a promoção da literacia ambiental, evidenciando como a integração da metodologia projectual pode ser eficaz num contexto de formação de “não designers”, demonstrando que a prática conceptualizadora, analítica e experimental promove educadores ambientais mais habilitados. Através da explanação das estratégias pedagógicas adotadas no contexto de uma proposta de trabalho no âmbito da unidade curricular referida acima, evidenciamos ainda, como o formato “cartaz” continua a ser um meio válido e funcional para a elaboração de mensagens síntese no espaço público, capazes de actuar sobre os comportamentos.
"Ser professora”: um estudo do sentido pessoal sobre a atividade docente a partir da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural
Authors: Pessoa Camila Turati
Published: December 2019

O estudo do sentido pessoal atribuído à atividade docente pelo professor do Ensino Básico foi o objetivo principal da pesquisa realizada e apresentada neste resumo. Partimos do referencial teórico-metodológico da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural com as contribuições em especial de Lev S. Vigotski (1934/2001) na obra A construção do pensamento e da linguagem e nas obras de A. Leontiev (1975/1978, 1975/1983) O desenvolvimento do psiquismo e Atividade, Consciência e Personalidade. Nesse caminho, nos voltamos ao estudo de como o desenvolvimento da atividade docente é constituído a partir do sentido pessoal que se elabora sobre as ações de ensino realizadas. É necessário nos debruçarmos em quais são os sentidos que o professor atribui à sua atividade, pois é a partir deles que se elabora a atividade de ensino e, consequentemente, são trabalhados os conteúdos escolares – e ainda incidirá sobre os sentidos que serão constituídos pelos alunos ao se apropriarem de tais conhecimentos.
A imaginação e seu processo formativo à luz da psicologia histórico-cultural
Authors: Silva Mariana Cristina da , Pasqualini Juliana Campregher
Published: December 2019

Tanto no senso comum como em algumas teorias psicológicas e pedagógicas, é assumido o pressuposto de que a imaginação da criança é mais rica e desenvolvida que a do adulto. O presente artigo contrapõe-se à tese do embotamento natural da imaginação no curso da periodização do desenvolvimento, submetendo o fenômeno da imaginação à análise científica de orientação histórico-cultural. O objetivo central é demonstrar que a imaginação é um processo psíquico que se desenvolve e se complexifica à medida da também complexificação da atividade da pessoa no mundo. Tendo em vista elucidar o processo formativo da imaginação, abordamos sua especificidade em relação às demais funções psíquicas; pontuamos e analisamos suas expressões ativa e passiva; e apresentamos as técnicas imaginativas, em um esforço de sistematização das determinações e traços essenciais desse processo psíquico decodificados por Vigotski (2009), Vygotski (2014), Ignatiev (1960), Petrovski (1960), Repina (1974) e Rubinstein (1978). Concluímos o artigo focalizando implicações pedagógicas da discussão apresentada.
A primeira infância vai à escola: em defesa do ensino desenvolvente para todas as crianças
Authors: Lazaretti Lucinéia Maria , Magalhães Giselle Modé
Published: December 2019

O debate sobre a educação da primeira infância apresenta desafios e posicionamentos controversos sobre o seu caráter formal e escolar. Neste sentido, este texto objetiva explicitar as características do processo de desenvolvimento na primeira infância, a fim de evidenciar as implicações positivas do ensino escolar nesse processo. Fundamentado na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, percorre uma linha argumentativa evidenciando o processo histórico de luta pelo direito à educação; a especificidade do desenvolvimento infantil e as condições necessárias para o bom ensino, desde a mais tenra idade. Defendemos a sistematização da Educação Infantil de forma a garantir o ensino desenvolvente na primeira infância em suas máximas possibilidades.
Universos lúdico-conceituais como uma intervenção pedagógica: dando suporte à aprendizagem e ao desenvolvimento da criança pré-escolar em contextos lúdicos
Authors: Fleer Marilyn
Published: December 2019

Existe um interesse crescente em encontrar melhores maneiras de apoiar o aprendizado de conceitos em programas educativos voltados à primeira infância baseados na brincadeira. A introdução de termos como 'eduplay' em Hong Kong, 'Brincadeira intencionada' em Cingapura e 'ensino intencional' em programas baseados em brincadeiras na Austrália sugerem que os educadores estão trabalhando de diferentes maneiras para construir novas práticas que  tragam brincadeira e aprendizado em unidade para dar suporte ao desenvolvimento das crianças. Este artigo contribui para esse cenário de pesquisa ao introduzir uma intervenção pedagógica chamada Universos lúdico-conceituais (Conceptual playworlds). Esse modelo de prática é teorizado usando os conceitos vygotskianos de imaginação e brincadeira, e o modelo hedegaardiano de valores sociais, práticas institucionais e configurações de atividades como base para o estudo da aprendizagem de conceitos em contextos baseados em brincadeiras. O conteúdo deste artigo está situado no contexto curricular em mudança da primeira infância da região australiana, onde valores sociais para melhores resultados estão moldando práticas institucionais que criam novas demandas e condições diferentes para o desenvolvimento das crianças.