bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of the genus Ctenophora Meigen (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Tipulidae) from China, with a key to the world species
Authors: MEN QIU-LEI , HUANG MIN-YI
Published: July 2014

One new species of the genus Ctenophora Meigen, 1803, C. fumosa Men, sp. nov. (southern China: Anhui) is described and illustrated. A key to known species along with a checklist of known species of the genus Ctenophora are provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the animal specimen room, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui Province, China.
Biology of Cancer and Aging: A Complex Association With Cellular Senescence
Authors: Falandry Claire , Bonnefoy Marc , Freyer Gilles , Gilson Eric
Published: July 2014

Over the last 50 years, major improvements have been made in our understanding of the driving forces, both parallel and opposing, that lead to aging and cancer. Many theories on aging first proposed in the 1950s, including those associated with telomere biology, senescence, and adult stem-cell regulation, have since gained support from cumulative experimental evidence. These views suggest that the accumulation of mutations might be a common driver of both aging and cancer. Moreover, some tumor suppressor pathways lead to aging in line with the theory of antagonist pleiotropy. According to the evolutionary-selected disposable soma theory, aging should affect primarily somatic cells. At the cellular level, both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways regulate aging and senescence. However, increasing lines of evidence support the hypothesis that these driving forces might be regulated by evolutionary-conserved pathways that modulate energy balance. According to the hyperfunction theory, aging is a quasi-program favoring both age-related diseases and cancer that could be inhibited by the regulation of longevity pathways. This review summarizes these hypotheses, as well as the experimental data that have accumulated over the last 60 years linking aging and cancer.
Personalizing Medicine in Geriatric Oncology
Authors: Walko Christine M. , McLeod Howard L.
Published: July 2014

Minimizing toxicity while maximizing efficacy is a common goal in the treatment of any condition but its importance is underscored in the discipline of oncology because of the serious nature of many chemotherapeutic toxicities and the risk of cancer recurrence or disease progression. The challenge of achieving an optimal therapeutic index is especially augmented in the elderly population because of age-related metabolism changes and interacting concurrent medications. Additional factors, such as germline mutations in drug-metabolizing enzymes and other pharmacogenomic alterations, may have more pronounced effects in elderly patients, given their predisposition to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with resulting increased risk of toxicity. Examples of the possible interplay of these factors will be discussed using tamoxifen, paclitaxel, codeine, and fluorouracil as starting points. Limited participation of the elderly in many cancer trials, especially trials assessing drug exposure, makes much knowledge on the interaction of these patient and environmental factors speculative in nature but presents an opportunity for future research to achieve better optimization of chemotherapeutic agents in the elderly.
Bone Mineral Content in Patients With Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy Is Unaffected by Metreleptin Replacement Therapy
Authors: Christensen John D. , Lungu Andreea O. , Cochran Elaine , Collins Michael T. , Gafni Rachel I. , Reynolds James C. , Rother Kristina I. , Gorden Phillip , Brown Rebecca J.
Published: July 2014

Context:

Leptin alters bone and mineral metabolism in rodents, but this has not been verified in humans. Patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) have low leptin due to deficient adipose mass and serve as models of leptin deficiency and replacement.

Objective:

To study the effects of recombinant human methionyl leptin (metreleptin) on bone mineral content (BMC) and mineral metabolism.

Design and Setting:

An open-label nonrandomized study at the National Institutes of Health.

Patients:

Thirty-one patients with CGL (ages 4.3 to 46.7 y).

Intervention:

Metreleptin (0.06 to 0.24 mg/kg/d) for 6 months to 11 years.

Outcome Measures:

BMC was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. SD scores (SDS) for BMC were calculated based on height, race, sex, and age using population normative data. Calcium, phosphorus, PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured at baseline and follow-up.

Results:

At baseline, patients demonstrated significantly increased total body less head BMC (mean SDS, 1.8 ± 0.7), height (mean SDS, 1.3 ± 1.3), and lean mass index, defined as lean body mass per height squared (mean SDS, 1.5 ± 0.83), vs population normative data. No change in total body less head BMC was observed after metreleptin. Lean mass index decreased with metreleptin. Serum calcium decreased with metreleptin, but remained within normal limits. No changes were seen in phosphorus, PTH, or vitamin D.

Conclusions:

In contrast to rodent models, CGL patients have increased BMC in the leptin-deficient state, which does not change with leptin replacement. The high BMC in these patients is partially explained by high lean mass and tall stature.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Histone Modifications in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells
Authors: Tamura Isao , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Sato Tetsuya , Suyama Mikita , Jozaki Kosuke , Okada Maki , Lee Lifa , Maekawa Ryo , Asada Hiromi , Sato Shun , Yamagata Yoshiaki , Tamura Hiroshi , Sugino Norihiro
Published: July 2014

Dramatic changes of gene expressions occur in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) during decidualization. The changes in gene expression are associated with changes of chromatin structure, which are regulated by histone modifications. Here we investigated genome-wide changes in histone modifications associated with decidualization in human ESCs using chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing. ESCs were incubated with estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days to induce decidualization. The chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequence data showed that induction of decidualization increased H3K27ac and H3K4me3 signals in many genomic regions but decreased in only a few regions. Most of the H3K27ac-increased regions (80%) and half of the H3K4me3-increased regions were located in the distal promoter regions (more than 3 kb upstream or downstream of the transcription start site). RNA sequence showed that induction of decidualization up-regulated 881 genes, 223 of which had H3K27ac- or H3K4me3-increased regions in the proximal and distal promoter regions. Induction of decidualization increased the mRNA levels of these genes more than it increased the mRNA levels of genes without H3K27ac- or H3K4me3-increased regions. Pathway analysis revealed that up-regulated genes with the H3K27ac- or H3K4me3-increased regions were associated with the insulin signaling, which may be involved in glucose uptake that is necessary for ESCs to undergo decidualization. These results show that histone modification statuses on a genome-wide basis change in human ESCs during decidualization. The main changes of histone modifications are increases of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 in both the proximal and distal promoter regions, which are involved in the up-regulation of gene expression that occurs during decidualization.
Flight Safety Challenges and Assessment
Authors: Попов  , Popov Yuriy
Published: July 2014

The article analyses air transport system and presents reasons of air incidents and flight safety estimation score. Dependence

of air accidents amount per 100 000 flight hours is compared to typical time dependent behavior of failure rate and divided

into three intervals. The intervals are analyzed and the reasons of change of parameter score are submitted. Statistical

characteristics of the number of accidents per interval parameter are provided. Parameter of air accidents per year matches

the Weibull distribution; estimations of Weibull distribution parameters are submitted. Probability of accidents is calculated

for each interval; obtained results are analyzed. Ways for furthering flight safety and air transport system are suggested.
Family carers: lived experience of caring for relatives with an SMI
Authors: Cleary Anne , Walsh Francis , Dowling Maura
Published: July 2014

This study explored family carers’ lived experience of caring for a relative with an ongoing mental illness. An interpretative phenomenological approach was adopted. Participants (n = 8) were self-selecting and members of SHINE, an Irish voluntary organisation supporting people with mental illness and their families. Three super-ordinate themes were interpreted from the interview data. The first theme, ‘nobody told me this was the way it is’ represents participants’ experiences of not understanding what was happening to their relative and what they should do when their relative was first diagnosed. The second theme, ‘feeling excluded’, represents the participants’ sense of exclusion. For some, the reason for this exclusion was because of the confidentiality embedded in the Mental Health Act. The final theme, ‘you don't feel judged’ represents the importance of the support group to participants, especially at the beginning when their relative was first diagnosed. The study findings illustrate the importance of education for relatives, and the role support groups play in support and education.
An exploration of caring for female mentally disordered offenders
Authors: Jones Laura , Walsh Elizabeth
Published: July 2014

The challenges of caring for female offenders with a mental disorder are significant. This study provides an exploration of forensic nurses’ motivation to care for this patient group. A small qualitative study was undertaken with four experienced forensic nurses working on a medium secure unit in the NHS in England. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, digitally recorded and transcribed. Through a qualitative content analysis, three key themes were identified that impacted on nurses’ motivations to care: job satisfaction, building the therapeutic relationship and the importance of support. A framework for practice is proposed to illustrate the impact of well-supported staff on patient care.
Substitute prescribing: a pathway to abstinence
Authors: Fernandez Jeff , Orr Terry
Published: July 2014

This article examines how a balanced approach that uses concepts of harm reduction should be focused on when addressing substance misuse. The article looks at the role of recovery as a goal in primary care alcohol and drugs services (PCADS) in Islington.
Making better mouthguards to prevent sports injury
Authors: Patrick David
Published: July 2014

Custom-made mouthguards best protect the teeth and jaws from trauma during contact sports. Their basic design has remained unchanged for decades but research into their materials and construction, along with an improved design, should make them more effective and comfortable
New teeth in a day and the role of dental nurses
Authors: Horridge Gayna
Published: July 2014

General dental practices are increasingly using implant procedures to replace all the teeth in one arch in one day. Dental nurses need to know about how this is carried out so they can support dentists and patients; such knowledge can also improve their career opportunities
Ageing and the eyes: preventing vision loss
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: July 2014

Age-related eye diseases and visual loss are common in the older adult. Margaret Perry explains the practice nurse's role in initiating early assessment and referral for treatment
Current Studies of Food and Foodways
Authors: Christensen Danille Elise
Published: July 2014

This work is a special collection of book notes considering a group of monographs and edited collections in the field of food studies.
Books Briefly Noted
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: July 2014

This work is a general collection of book notes considering a group of catalogues, monographs and edited collections in the fields of museum and material culture studies.
Basketry: Making Human Nature (Heslop, ed.)
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: July 2014

This work is a book review considering the title Basketry: Making Human Nature edited by Sandy Heslop.
Settlement Rate–Settlement Method for Radial Consolidation (SRSM–RC)
Authors: Al-Zoubi Mohammed Shukri
Published: July 2014

The settlement rate–settlement method for radial consolidation (SRSM–RC) is proposed for evaluating the coefficient of radial consolidation cr and end-of-primary (EOP) settlement δp. The SRSM–RC explicitly relates cr and δp to the intercept and slope of the linear settlement rate–settlement (dδt/dt-δt) relationship observed theoretically over the entire Ur range of the Barron theory; δt is the settlement at time t and Ur is the degree of radial consolidation. The SRSM–RC computes cr independently of any specific Ur value and can simultaneously compute δp without the need to use the secondary compression range. The SRSM–RC does not require a complete record of compression–time data; a minimum of four representative data points at any stage of primary consolidation are required to estimate cr by the SRSM–RC. Experimental results on radial consolidation of several clayey soils obtained from literature are used to validate and compare the SRSM–RC with existing methods. The validity of the method is also evaluated by matching the experimental compression–time data with the theory.
Assessing and Redesigning the Outreach Services with Street-Based Prostitutes in Coimbra, Portugal
Authors: Graça Marta , Gonçalves Manuela
Published: July 2014

Traditional studies tend to research on sex workers and to focus on the relationship between prostitution and epidemiology. Prostitutes are rarely involved in the design, implementation and evaluation of projects that concern them. Usually, these are run by NGOs and focus mainly on harm reduction and HIV prevention. We aim to assess and understand their opinions about the service, and any inherent discrimination, provided by the outreach teams. As the first, planning, step of an action research project, this study has adopted a descriptive and analytic qualitative methodology to answer the following research questions: 1) What is the prostitutes´ opinion about the traditional epidemiological services provided by outreach teams? 2) How may their opinion be a factor of empowerment? Data were collected through participant observation, informal interviews (field notes), and 12 semi- structured interviews. We concluded that outreach is essential for the respondents, who emphasize the need to control STI. The intervention suggestions made by the respondents reveal the empowering effect of including them in socio-educational projects. More participatory research with the target public of support projects is required, as a way of empowering individuals and taking action on their priorities.
The Effect of Dominant Ideology on Media: The Syria Case
Authors: Yılmaz Mesut , Kirazoluğu Oktay
Published: July 2014

Media, as an effective ideological apparatus, bind society to sovereign power by will rather than pressure. Newspapers play an important role as part of the media in shaping the provision of consent. The purpose of this study is to explore the question of whether ideology has an effect on the news content in newspapers; specifically of Syria news in two ideologically opposed Turkish newspapers, Sabah and Cumhuriyet. According to interpretation of the data, both newspapers are ideologically biased in covering Syria news. Syria news is almost equal in terms of numbers however not equal in sizes. In positioning the news Cumhuriyet covers respectable number of related news on the first page, which shows that there is a great emphasis on the issue in its agenda. On the other hand Sabah does not seem to put much emphasis on the subject. In content analysis of the news Cumhuriyet has an even distribution according to subjects unlike Sabah, which handles the issue as foreign news. In news selection factors; Cumhuriyet covered more intensity impact news, more unexpected news, more familiar, continuing news and worse event containing news according to Sabah. Cumhuriyet and Sabah covered all its news compatible with their newspaper’s composition and balance. News coverage is almost same regarding the reference factor in news from elite nations, people or institutions. In conclusion, both newspapers have ideological bias according to their news content which is effective on shaping the public perception.
Longitudinal Profiles of Adaptive Behavior in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Klaiman Cheryl , Quintin Eve-Marie , Jo Booil , Lightbody Amy A. , Hazlett Heather Cody , Piven Joseph , Hall Scott S. , Reiss Allan L.
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE:

To examine longitudinally the adaptive behavior patterns in fragile X syndrome.

METHOD:

Caregivers of 275 children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome and 225 typically developing children and adolescents (2–18 years) were interviewed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales every 2 to 4 years as part of a prospective longitudinal study.

RESULTS:

Standard scores of adaptive behavior in people with fragile X syndrome are marked by a significant decline over time in all domains for males and in communication for females. Socialization skills are a relative strength as compared with the other domains for males with fragile X syndrome. Females with fragile X syndrome did not show a discernible pattern of developmental strengths and weaknesses.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first large-scale longitudinal study to show that the acquisition of adaptive behavior slows as individuals with fragile X syndrome age. It is imperative to ensure that assessments of adaptive behavior skills are part of intervention programs focusing on childhood and adolescence in this condition.
Sensitivity of the Limited View Follow-up Skeletal Survey
Authors: Hansen Karen Kirhofer , Keeshin Brooks R. , Flaherty Emalee , Newton Alice , Passmore Sarah , Prince Jeffrey , Campbell Kristine A.
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Reducing radiation exposure to minimize risk has been emphasized in recent years. In child abuse, the risk of missing occult injuries is often believed to outweigh radiation risk associated with skeletal surveys. Our hypothesis was that there would be no clinically significant difference in results from a limited view, follow-up skeletal survey (SS2) protocol, which omits spine and pelvis views unless these views have findings on the initial skeletal survey (SS1), compared with a traditional SS2 protocol for radiographic evaluation of suspected physical abuse.

METHODS:

This study was a retrospective record review involving 5 child protection teams. Consultations for suspected physical abuse were reviewed to identify subjects <24 months of age who had an SS1 and a traditional SS2. The results of these studies were compared to identify subjects in which newly identified spine and pelvis fractures (fractures seen only on SS2 and not on SS1) would have been missed by using a limited view SS2 protocol.

RESULTS:

We identified 534 study subjects. Five subjects had newly identified spine fractures, and no subjects had newly identified pelvis fractures on traditional SS2 studies. Only 1 subject with a newly identified spine fracture would have been missed with the limited view SS2 protocol used in this study (0.2% [95% confidence interval: <0.005–1.0]). None of the newly identified fractures changed the abuse-related diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found no clinically significant difference in the results of a limited view SS2 protocol versus a traditional SS2 protocol for radiographic evaluation of suspected abuse.
Morfología y citoquímica de cultivos celulares de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) y susceptibilidad a Leishmania panamensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)
Authors: Arturo Miranda H. Alfonso , Sarmiento Ladys , Leonor Caldas N. María , Zapata Cristina , Jesús Bello G. Felio
Published: July 2014

La primera línea celular de Aedes aegypti fue establecida por Grace en 1966 y desde entonces se han utilizado para el estudio de virus, bacterias y parásitos. En el presente trabajo se describen, por primera vez, algunas características citoquímicas de los cultivos celulares de A. aegypti, infectados con la cepa (MHOM/CO/87CL412) de Leishmania panamensis. También se realizó un estudio morfológico de las células del cultivo. Se observaron 30 células pequeñas con apariencia fibrolastoide de 10.84±2.54 µm de largo y 5.31±1.26 µm de ancho; otras 30 presentaron apariencia epitelioide con 23.04±4.00 µm de largo y 13.96±3.70 µm de ancho; éstas últimas predominaron sobre las de apariencia fibroblastoide. De 113 células, un 7.08%, presentaron abundantes gránulos citoplasmáticos positivos con la coloración de PAS, indicando presencia de polisacáridos. La prueba de peroxidasa dio un resultado negativo. El mayor porcentaje de infección (18.90%), de un total de 101 células, se presentó el día 6. Ultraestructuralmente, las células presentaron un citoplasma con aspecto vacuolado; algunas contenían parásitos, otras material fibrilar y otras estaban vacías. Los resultados indican que los cultivos celulares de A. aegypti pueden ser infectados por L. panamensis y mantener dicho proceso por aproximadamente una semana.
Sistemas de producción de Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) en el centro-occidente de México
Authors: C. Ramírez Hernández Blanca , Pimienta Barrios Eulogio , Z. Castellanos Ramos Javier , Múñoz Urias Alejandro , Palomino Hasbach Guadalupe , Pimineta Barrios Enrique
Published: July 2014

Describimos las características de los agroecosistemas y rasgos morfológicos, físicos y químicos relacionados con la calidad de los frutos de la guayaba, Spondias purpurea L., que se producen en poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas en el centro-occidente de México. Spondias purpurea se desarrolla en suelos rocosos, poco profundos e infértiles, poco aptos para la agricultura tradicional. En los frutos se registró el peso, longitud axial y radial, pH, sólidos solubles totales (SST), azúcares reductores, proteínas y contenido de minerales. El peso promedio de frutos en las variedades cultivadas (20 g) resultó superior al de las silvestres (16 g). Las variedades cultivadas registraron en promedio los valores más altos de pH, SST, azúcares reductores y contenido de proteínas (3.3, 12.15° Brix, 0.38 g/100 g y 1.18 g/100 g, respectivamente) que las silvestres (3.0, 8.31° Brix, 0.24 g/100 g y 0.14 g/100 g, respectivamente). La productividad de la especie es aceptable (de 0.15 ton ha-1 a 5.0 ton ha-1) dado que requiere de un mínimo de manejo agronómico. Esta especie tiene un contenido nutrimental comparable al de las especies frutales más importantes; además, produce frutos frescos durante los meses secos de la primavera por lo que S. purpurea es fuente de agua y alimento para la fauna silvestre y doméstica. Estas características resaltan su importancia agronómica y ecológica para los ambientes tropicales y subtropicales en donde puede ser utilizada en programas de reforestación por su capacidad para desarrollarse en suelos rocosos infértiles, y en agroecosistemas en los que se practica agricultura de subsistencia. De hecho, el cultivo de S. purpurea puede ayudar a convertir suelos marginales en productivos.
Histología y morfometría de piel del pez Eremophilus mutisii (Trychomecteridae, Siluriformes)
Authors: Johanna Bonilla Lizarazo Rocío , Quintero Virguez Marllury , Gómez Ramírez Edwin , Rodríguez Caicedo Daniel , Hurtado Giraldo Hernán
Published: July 2014

Se estudió la piel del pez dulceacuícola endémico de Colombia Eremophylus mutissi. Se tomaron muestras de piel (0.5x0.5 cm2) de 11 especímenes en seis partes del cuerpo (mandíbulas, cabeza dorsal, tronco dorsal, tronco caudal, tronco medial y abdominal). Se fijaron en formaldehído al 4%, con deshidratación en etanol al 95% e isopropanol al 99%, inclusión en parafina y cortes a 5 µm. La piel está constituida por dos capas cutáneas (epidermis y dermis) y una capa subcutánea (hipodermis): la epidermis tiene tres capas con células secretoras, células epiteliales y pocas células gustativas; la dermis está separada de la epidermis por una membrana basal. Observamos fibroblastos, dos capas de melanóforos y algunos vasos sanguíneos; la hipodermis tiene un tejido adiposo vascularizado. La dermis es más delgada que la epidermis; la piel tiene más células tipo clava que células mucosas. El tronco medio tiene muchas células clava y células mucosas. La piel de E. mutissi parece tener una función principalmente protectora.
Los felinos: ¿Una alternativa en estudios de toxicología genética?
Authors: Zamora Pérez Ana , C. Gómez Meda Belinda , L. Ramos Ibarra María , M. Batista González Cecilia , Luna Aguirre Jaime , González Rodriguez Andrés , L. Rodríguez Ávila José , M. Zúñiga González Guillermo
Published: July 2014

La prueba de micronúcleos (MN) en sangre periférica es rápida, sencilla, económica y sirve para detectar genotóxicos ambientales. Los MN son fragmentos de cromosomas o cromosomas completos que por alguna causa quedan fuera del núcleo en mitosis, pero que incrementan significativamente cuando los organismos que los presentan de manera espontánea se exponen a genotóxicos. Por lo tanto, el requisito para que una especie pueda ser utilizada para esta prueba es que presente eritrocitos micronucleados espontáneos (EMNe), con lo que estas especies pueden ser potenciales bioindicadores de genotóxicos micronucleogénicos, con sólo una gota de su sangre. En el presente articulo mostramos 9 especies de felinos que como característica general presentan EMNe. Del total de especies de felinos, el gato ha sido previamente probado, con resultados positivos y ya que también el león, yaguaroundi, lince, jaguar, puma, tigre de bengala, ocelote y leopardo presentan EMNe, esta familia puede ser propuesta como un grupo potencialmente adecuado para estudios de toxicogenética. En otras palabras, cada una de estas especies puede llegar a ser un modelo potencial para determinar exposición a genotóxicos en nuestro entorno, de una manera sencilla y rápida.
Clinical Evaluation of 262 Osseointegrated Implants Placed in Sites Grafted With Calcium Phosphosilicate Putty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Babbush Charles A. , Kanawati Ali
Published: July 2014

Along with the widespread use of dental implants, regenerative procedures have become an indispensable tool for implant surgeons in managing residual ridges and the surrounding bone. Putty bone grafts have significantly superior handling characteristics in comparison to particulates. These include ease of placement, enhanced particle containment, and a viscous consistency that has allowed for unique delivery systems to be developed. The aim of this study was to report the clinical efficacy of calcium phosphosilicate (CPS) putty in a wide variety of indications related to implant reconstruction and to report the survival rate of implants placed in these grafted sites. The CPS putty was used as the graft material of choice. Treatments were categorized into following groups: extraction graft, extraction with immediate implant placement, all-on-four concept, peri-implantitis treatment, bone augmentation before implant placement, implant replacement graft, and grafting around implant placed in resorbed ridges. Included in the analysis were 65 patients (36 men, 29 women) with a mean age of 63 ± 12 years. In total, 262 implants were placed. Four implants were diagnosed with peri-implantitis and were treated as described in category 4, for a total of 266 grafted sites. Two implants from the extraction graft category and 3 implants from the all-on-four group were lost and replaced with successfully osseointegrated implants during a mean study follow-up period of 12.24 ± 2.32 months. The implant success rate at 1 year was 98.1% (257/262). Based on results of this large-scale, retrospective study we conclude that (1) the use of putty bone grafts can simplify bone-grafting procedures and reduce intraoperative time in various grafting indications, (2) this study verified the efficacy of a CPS putty bone graft biomaterial in a large array of implant-related surgical indications, and (3) implants placed in sites grafted with CPS putty yield very high survival rates.
Effect of Implant Diameter and Ridge Dimension on Stress Distribution in Mandibular First Molar Sites—A Photoelastic Study
Authors: Termeie Deborah , Klokkevold Perry R. , Caputo Angelo A.
Published: July 2014

The long-term clinical success of a dental implant is dependent upon maintaining sufficient osseointegration to resist forces of occlusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of implant diameter on stress distribution around screw-type dental implants in mandibular first molar sites using photoelastic models. The design included models with different buccal-lingual dimension. Twelve composite photoelastic models were assembled using 2 different resins to simulate trabecular and cortical bone. Half of the models were fabricated with average dimensions for ridge width and the other half with narrower buccal-lingual dimensions. One internal connection implant (13 mm length) with either a standard (4 mm), wide (5 mm), or narrow (3.3 mm) diameter was embedded in the first molar position of each photoelastic model. Half the implants were tapered and the other half were straight. Full gold crowns in the shape of a mandibular first molar were fabricated and attached to the implants. Vertical and angled loads of 15 and 30 pounds were applied to specific points on the crown. Wide-diameter implants produced the least stress in all ridges while narrow-diameter implants generated the highest stress, especially in narrow ridges. It may be that the volume and quality of bone surrounding implants influences stress distribution with a greater ratio of cortical to trabecular bone, thus providing better support. Models with wide-diameter implants loaded axially had a more symmetrical stress distribution compared to standard and narrow diameter implants. A more asymmetrical stress pattern developed along the entire implant length with angled loads. Implant diameter and ridge width had considerable influence on stress distribution. Narrow-diameter implants produced more stress than wide diameter implants in all conditions tested.
Consumption by marine mammals on the Northeast U.S. continental shelf
Authors: Smith Laurel A. , Link Jason S. , Cadrin Steven X. , Palka Debra L.
Published: July 2014

The economic and ecological impacts of fish consumption by marine mammals, the associated interactions with commercial fish stocks, and the forage demands of these marine mammal populations are largely unknown. Consumption estimates are often either data deficient or not fully evaluated in a rigorous, quantitative manner. Although consumption estimates exist for the Northeast United States (NEUS) Large Marine Ecosystem, there is considerable uncertainty in those estimates. We examined consumption estimates for 12 marine mammal species inhabiting the regional ecosystem. We used sensitivity analyses to examine metabolically driven daily individual consumption rates, resulting in a suite of feasible parameter‐pair ranges for each of three taxonomic groups: mysticetes, odontocetes, and pinnipeds. We expanded daily individual consumption to annual consumption based on abundance estimates of marine mammals found on the NEUS continental shelf coupled with estimates of annual residence time for each species. To examine consumptive removals for specific prey, diet compositions were summarized into major prey categories, and predatory removals by marine mammal species as well as for total marine mammal consumption were estimated for each prey taxa. Bounds on consumption estimates for each marine mammal species were determined using Monte Carlo resampling simulations. Our results suggest that consumption for these 12 marine mammal species combined may be similar in magnitude to commercial fishery landings for small pelagic and groundfish prey groups. Consumption by marine mammals warrants consideration both as a source of mortality in assessments of prey stocks, and to determine marine mammal forage demands in ecosystem assessment models. The approach that we present represents a rigorous, quantitative method to scope the bounds of the biomass that marine mammals are expected to consume, and is appropriate for use in other ecosystems where the interaction between marine mammals and commercial fisheries is thought to be prominent.
The Solar House: Pioneering Sustainable Design. By Anthony Denzer. New York: Rizzoli, 2013
Authors: Koehler Karen
Published: July 2014

This review of The Solar House: Pioneering Sustainable Design, by Anthony Denzer, discusses the important contributions of this book to the history of midcentury modern architecture, and considers the role of solar houses in the context of current debates over sustainability.
Photobleaching Kinetics and Time-Integrated Emission of Fluorescent Probes in Cellular Membranes
Authors: Wüstner Daniel , Christensen Tanja , Solanko Lukasz , Sage Daniel
Published: July 2014

Since the pioneering work of Hirschfeld, it is known that time-integrated emission (TiEm) of a fluorophore is independent of fluorescence quantum yield and illumination intensity. Practical implementation of this important result for determining exact probe distribution in living cells is often hampered by the presence of autofluorescence. Using kinetic modelling of photobleaching combined with pixel-wise bleach rate fitting of decay models with an updated plugin to the ImageJ program, it is shown that the TiEm of a fluorophore in living cells can be determined exactly from the product of bleaching amplitude and time constant. This applies to mono-exponential bleaching from the first excited singlet and/or triplet state and to multi-exponential combinations of such processes. The TiEm can be used to correct for illumination shading and background autofluorescence without the need for fluorescent test layers or separate imaging of non-stained cells. We apply the method to simulated images and to images of cells, whose membranes were labelled with fluorescent sterols and sphingolipids. Our bleaching model can be extended to include a probability density function (PDF) of intrinsic bleach rate constants with a memory kernel. This approach results in a time-dependent bleach rate coefficient and is exemplified for fluorescent sterols in restricted intracellular environments, like lipid droplets. We show that for small deviations from the classical exponential bleaching, the TiEm of decay functions with rate coefficients remains largely independent of fluorescence lifetime and illumination, and thereby represents a faithful measure of probe distribution.
Mixed Culture Fermentation and Media Optimization by Response Surface Model: Streptomyces and Brachybacterium Species in Bioflocculant Production
Authors: Nwodo Uchechukwu , Okoh Anthony
Published: July 2014

The biofloculant production potential of a consortium of Streptomyces and Brachybacterium species were evaluated. Optimum bioflocculant yields (g/L) and flocculation activities (%) were observed for the following preferred nutritional sources: glucose (56%; 2.78 ± 0.15 g/L), (NH4)2NO3 (53%; 2.81 ± 0.37 g/L) and CaSO4·H2O (47%; 2.19 ± 0.13 g/L). A Plackett-Burman design revealed the critical fermentation media components. The concentrations of these components were optimized [glucose; 16.0, (NH4)2NO3; 0.5 and CaSO4·H2O; 1.2 (g/L)] through a central composite design with optimum bioflocculant yield of 3.02 g/L and flocculation activity of 63.7%. The regression coefficient (R2 = 0.6569) indicates a weak estimation of the model’s adequacy and a high lack-of-fit value (34.1%). Lack of synergy in the consortium may have been responsible for the model inadequacy observed. FTIR spectrometry showed the bioflocculant to be a heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an amorphous loosely arranged fluffy structure with interstial spacing of less than 1 µm.
Syngeneic Myoblast Transplantation Improves Muscle Function in a Murine Model of X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy
Authors: Lim Hyun Ju , Joo Sunyoung , Oh Seh-Hoon , Jackson John D. , Eckman Delrae M. , Bledsoe Tiffaney M. , Pierson Christopher R. , Childers Martin K. , Atala Anthony , Yoo James J.
Published: July 2014

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is an isogenic muscle disease characterized by progressive wasting of skeletal muscle, weakness, and premature death of affected male offspring. Recently, the XLMTM gene knock-in mouse, Mtm1 p.R69C, was found to have a similar phenotype as the MTM1 gene mutation in humans (e.g., central nucleation of small myofibers, attenuated muscle strength, and motor unit potentials). Using this rodent model, we investigated whether syngeneic cell therapy could mitigate muscle weakness. Donor skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts were isolated from C57BL6 wild-type (WT) and Mtm1 p.R69C (KI) mice for transplantation into the gastrocnemius muscle of recipient KI mice. Initial experiments demonstrated that donor skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts from WT and KI mice remained in the gastrocnemius muscle of the recipient KI mouse for up to 4 weeks posttransplantation. KI mice receiving syngeneic skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts displayed an increase in skeletal muscle mass, augmented force generation, and increased nerve-evoked skeletal muscle action potential amplitude. Taken together, these results support our hypothesis that syngeneic cell therapy may potentially be used to ameliorate muscle weakness and delay the progression of XLMTM, as application expands to other muscles.
La imagen poética en la obra de Margarita Ferreras según Gaston Bachelard
Authors: Chaparro Domínguez María Ángeles
Published: July 2014

Pez en la tierra es el único libro que publicó Margarita Ferreras, una pequeña obra de poesía vanguardista y erótica que vio la luz en 1932, gracias a la imprenta de Concha Méndez y Manuel Altolaguirre. Además de acercarnos a la vida de esta desconocida autora, en el presente trabajo vamos a estudiar cómo se comporta la imagen poética en el conjunto de sus poemas, siguiendo la metodología de lectura desarrollada por Gaston Bachelard, que focaliza su análisis en los cuatro elementos: agua, aire, fuego y tierra.
La influencia latino-románica en la estructura morfológica nominal de la lengua vasca
Authors: Domene Verdú José Fernando
Published: July 2014

La influencia latina y romance fue muy importante en la lengua vasca. El sufijo nominal y abundancial vasco -eta es de origen latino y el artículo enclítico vasco -a se formó por influencia del artículo románico, a partir de la utilización del demostrativo de 3er grado como artículo determinado. En este artículo se exponen ampliamente las consecuencias de esa influencia latino-románica en la declinación vasca y se reconstruye el proceso de formación de la declinación definida y de las dos declinaciones de plural a partir de la integración de esos dos morfemas.
Analysis on the Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence on Line-of-Sight Ultraviolet Communication System Performance
Authors: Wang Yong , Su Meng Ying
Published: July 2014

In the ultraviolet communication system, optical signals being transmitted are not only attenuated in energy, but also affected by the atmospheric turbulence. The effects of atmospheric turbulence intensity and information transmission rate on the BER performance of UV communication system are analyzed and simulated in this paper. It can be found that when the atmospheric turbulence intensity changes from weak to strong, the BER performance deteriorates along, and under the certain atmospheric turbulence intensity, information transmission rate will also have an impact on the system BER performance, the information transmission rate becomes faster, the BER performance gets worse.
Research on Stress and Load with the Effect of Number of Teeth Planetary Gears Matching
Authors: Xu Zhi Qiang , Huang Jian
Published: July 2014

Impact of number of tooth matching to load distribution of planetary gears is mainly investigated in this paper. The entire finite element model of planetary gear trains is established so as to analyze and calculate gear stress and number of tooth matching have an impact on load distribution homogeneity of planetary gears on the rated load working conditions. A new method of number of teeth design of planetary gear trains is put forward that number of teeth of sun wheel and number of teeth of gear ring are multiples as great as numbers of planetary gears. Load uneven coefficient of the example is proposed and solved, which provides theoretical basis on carrying capacity calculation, strength analysis and calculation of fatigue life of planetary transmission.
Research on Protective Materials with Analysis of the Influence of Bulletproof Helmet Surface Curve on Bulletproof Performance
Authors: Qian Jun Hong , Guo Xiao Xia , Yang Yi , Rong Hao
Published: July 2014

The deformation of the bullet non-penetrating the bulletproof helmet can cause a contact between the inside of the helmet and the head. This contact can cause injury to head. In order to study the non-penetrating phenomenon, the material of the bulletproof helmet are regarded as Johnson-Cook material model of ideal plasticity. The helmet surface curve is accurately drew by reference the national standard GA293-2012 "bulletproof police helmet and mask". The research use ABAQUS/Explicit to simulate 54 type pistol with 7.62mm bullet shooting helmet at a speed of 450m per second. The results show that shooting point further away from the top of a helmet, the more damage to head may be cause.
Research of Control Cooling Heat Treatment Process in the Ductile Iron Gear
Authors: Wang Zhi Gang , Xiang Dong , Liu Ke Gao , Jing Min
Published: July 2014

By controlling the cooling, mean temperature adjustment and isothermal cooling process, bainite and martensite can be produced in the surface and the core of the ductile iron gear using the 75°C hot water as the quenching medium. Since it has a high hardness value in the point and the pitch circle, a low hardness value in the root and the core, this ductile iron can be applied to the actual production of the gear. The gear surface organization will be affected by quenching cooling time. The appearance of the temper phenomenon can result in the decrease of hardness value in the surface of the gear when the cooling time is short..However, the content of the lower bainite can be increased by extending the cooling time properly in the surface of the gear. The influence of the quenching cooling time on the core organization of the gear is small.
Gaseous Mechanics and Effect Evaluation Method of Wellhead Deliverability Equation in Puguang Gas Field
Authors: Xiao Ying , Han Yu Kun , Zhao Ping , Zhang Tian , Gou Hong , Zhang Hua Yan
Published: July 2014

Puguang gas field is the first deeply buried formation and high-sulfur natural gas field on developing. Due to the special composition of natural gas, the deliverability evaluation has a lot of problems. So it is very difficult to conduct a deliverability evaluation with the pressure of well bottom. In this study, an equation of wellhead deliverability is established by testing data. And it is evaluated through the wellhead open flow potential and absolutely open flow potential which is determined by another deliverability equation from well testing data. Results show that there exists a good linear correlation between wellhead open flow potential and absolutely open flow potential in each well of Puguang gas field. In addition, through applying this correlation, absolutely open flow potential can be calculated through wellhead deliverability equation, which provides a new method to study deliverability.
Vibration Characteristic Analysis of the Barrel
Authors: Chen Shuai , Yu Cun Gui
Published: July 2014

This study is based on the graduation design for undergraduate course. In the paper, finite element analysis software ANSYS had been used to create the finite element model of a cannon barrel. On this basis, the vibration modal analysis of the barrel was conducted. Through the model analysis, the natural frequency and modal shape of the cannon barrel was obtained. The situations of stiffness strength and elasticity deformation about each part of the barrel were got by analysis of the modal shape. By this way, we can verify the rationality of the barrel design .Also it can provide improvements of the weak place of the structure for people to improve the stiffness and shooting precision of the gun, in order to make the dynamics characteristics of the gun more reasonable.
A Study on Geomechanics in Improving the Core Recovery of Fracture Formation
Authors: Si Xiao Dong
Published: July 2014

YI-SHU basin is one of the key blocks in Daqing oil field exploration. After several years exploration, drilling technology and the research on formation has obtained certain achievements, but the core recovery still is not high enough since there are a large section of coal and fracture zone in reservoir, it restricted the further exploration work in this area seriously. In this article, through the various research and field practice, put forward a coring method in the fracture formation, we have got good results in practical application.
Kinematic Mechanics Analysis of Takeoff in Pre-Jumping for Sports Aerobics
Authors: Zhu Zi Xin
Published: July 2014

Takeoff is important to a variety of difficult movements for sports aerobics. The paper analyzes the kinematic mechanics of takeoff in pre-jumping for the sport. It first discusses the importance of takeoff in sports aerobics, and finds that the mechanics theory can be utilized to analyze the forces produced in the process of takeoff. Then, the dynamics analysis of takeoff in pre-jumping is completed to reveal the change of the vertical force and expound the sports process from the aspect of mechanics. Subsequently, the body for the athlete is simplified a two-light-pole mechanical model. On the basis of this, the mechanics analysis of vertical force in pre-jumping is done to find the influencing factors for vertical force. The results show that the vertical force produced by the takeoff in pre-jumping suffers from the factors of the weight, length of leg, bending angle of knee, and angular speed of leg rotation, etc.
Kinetics Analysis of Instep Soccer Kick in Three Heights
Authors: Li Pan
Published: July 2014

Using biomechanics theory to reveal the reaction force of ground of support leg in instep shot in different heights in soccer players. Twelve healthy male college students voluntarily participated in this study. After testing each participant by Kistler force plate and then analyze the collected data, the present study draws the following findings that (1) The reaction force of ground on support leg was independent of the ball velocity,(2) The principal function of support leg was in charge of fixing support, maintaining balance for optimal kicking ball of kicking leg.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Unguided Artillery Projectile
Authors: Wessam Mahfouz Elnaggar , Chen Zhi Hua
Published: July 2014

The paper presents results of investigation of a flow over unguided artillery projectile in order to understand variation of flow parameters past a 155 mm artillery projectile M107 and the performance of the computational code. Furthermore; static aerodynamic coefficients were calculated. The flow around projectile was solved as 3-D unsteady compressible flow.