bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radical‐Induced Photochromic Silver(I) Metal–Organic Frameworks: Alternative Topology, Dynamic Photoluminescence and Efficient Photothermal Conversion Modulated by Anionic Guests
Authors: Liao Pei‐Yu , Li Jia‐Xin , Liu Jia‐Chuan , Xiong Qi , Ruan Ze‐Yu , Li Tao , Deng Wei , Jiang Shang‐Da , Jia Jian‐Hua , Tong Ming‐Liang
Published: March 2024

Photogenerated radicals are an indispensable member of the state‐of‐the‐art photochromic material family, as they can effectively modulate the photoluminescence and photothermal conversion performance of radical‐induced photochromic complexes. Herein, two novel radical‐induced photochromic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Ag(TEPE)](AC) ⋅ 7/4H2O ⋅ 5/4EtOH (1) and [Ag(TEPE)](NC) ⋅ 3H2O ⋅ EtOH (2), are reported. Distinctly different topological networks can be obtained by judiciously introducing alternative π‐conjugated anionic guests, including a new topological structure (named as sfm) first reported in this work, describing as 4,4,4,4‐c net. EPR data and UV–Vis spectra prove the radical‐induced photochromic mechanism. Dynamic photochromism exhibits tunability in a wide CIE color space, with a linear segment from yellow to red for 1, while a curved coordinate line for 2, resulting in colorful emission from blue to orange. Moreover, photogenerated TEPE* radicals effectively activate the near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion effect of MOFs. Under 1 W cm−2 808 nm laser irradiation, the surface temperatures of photoproducts 1* and 2* can reach ~160 °C and ~120 °C, respectively, with competitive NIR photothermal conversion efficiencies η=51.8 % (1*) and 36.2 % (2*). This work develops a feasible electrostatic compensation strategy to accurately introduce photoactive anionic guests into MOFs to construct multifunctional radical‐induced photothermal conversion materials with tunable photoluminescence behavior.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Cephalotaxus Diterpenoids and Their Structural Analogues
Authors: Shao Hui , Ma Zhi‐Hua , Cheng Yang‐Yang , Guo Xiao‐Feng , Sun Ya‐Kui , Liu Wen‐Jie , Zhao Yu‐Ming
Published: March 2024

Herein, we present a unified chemical synthesis of three subgroups of cephalotaxus diterpenoids. Key to the success lies in adopting a synthetic strategy that is inspired by biosynthesis but is opposite in nature. By employing selective one‐carbon introduction and ring expansion operations, we have successfully converted cephalotane‐type C18 dinorditerpenoids (using cephanolide B as a starting material) into troponoid‐type C19 norditerpenoids and intact cephalotane‐type C20 diterpenoids. This synthetic approach has enabled us to synthesize cephinoid H, 13‐oxo‐cephinoid H, 7‐oxo‐cephinoid H, fortalpinoid C, 7‐epi‐fortalpinoid C, cephanolide E, and 13‐epi‐cephanolide E. Furthermore, through the development of an intermolecular asymmetric Michael reaction between β‐oxo esters and β‐substituted enones, we have achieved the enantioselective synthesis of advanced intermediates within our synthetic sequence, thus formally realizing the asymmetric total synthesis of the cephalotaxus diterpenoids family.
Atropisomeric Carboxylic Acids Synthesis via Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Carboxylation of Aza‐Biaryl Triflates with CO2
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Wang , Li Chao , Gui Yong‐Yuan , Yue Jun‐Ping , Zhou Qi , Liao Li‐Li , Yang Jing‐Wei , Ye Jian‐Heng , Yu Da‐Gang
Published: March 2024

Upgrading CO2 to value‐added chiral molecules via catalytic asymmetric C−C bond formation is a highly important yet challenging task. Although great progress on the formation of centrally chiral carboxylic acids has been achieved, catalytic construction of axially chiral carboxylic acids with CO2 has never been reported to date. Herein, we report the first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral carboxylic acids with CO2, which is enabled by nickel‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric reductive carboxylation of racemic aza‐biaryl triflates. A variety of important axially chiral carboxylic acids, which are valuable but difficult to obtain via catalysis, are generated in an enantioconvergent version. This new methodology features good functional group tolerance, easy to scale‐up, facile transformation and avoids cumbersome steps, handling organometallic reagents and using stoichiometric chiral materials. Mechanistic investigations indicate a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation process induced by chiral nickel catalysis.
Evaluating preference displacement of edible stimuli and social interactions for typically developing preschool children
Authors: Lasinski N. R. , Klatt K. P.
Published: March 2024

Edible and leisure items are often used in behavioral intervention to teach skills or reduce problem behavior. Social interactions, however, have also been shown to function as reinforcers for both typically developing children and children diagnosed with autism. Previous research has been conducted investigating preference displacement between edible, leisure and social items. The current study included edible stimuli and social interactions to evaluate whether patterns of displacement would appear with typically developing children. Multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessments were conducted to identify highly preferred stimuli from both edible item and social interaction classes to use in combined assessments to evaluate displacement. Three of six participants showed complete displacement of social interactions by edible items and three participants showed patterns of partial displacement. Two of the participants demonstrating patterns of partial displacement showed a disproportionate preference for social interactions.
An innovative hybrid modeling approach for simultaneous prediction of cell culture process dynamics and product quality
Authors: Polak Jakub , Huang Zhuangrong , Sokolov Michael , von Stosch Moritz , Butté Alessandro , Hodgman C. Eric , Borys Michael , Khetan Anurag
Published: March 2024

The use of hybrid models is extensively described in the literature to predict the process evolution in cell cultures. These models combine mechanistic and machine learning methods, allowing the prediction of complex process behavior, in the presence of many process variables, without the need to collect a large amount of data. Hybrid models cannot be directly used to predict final product critical quality attributes, or CQAs, because they are usually measured only at the end of the process, and more mechanistic knowledge is needed for many classes of CQAs. The historical models can instead predict the CQAs better; however, they cannot directly relate manipulated process parameters to final CQAs, as they require knowledge of the process evolution. In this work, we propose an innovative modeling approach based on combining a hybrid propagation model with a historical data‐driven model, that is, the combined hybrid model, for simultaneous prediction of full process dynamics and CQAs. The performance of the combined hybrid model was evaluated on an industrial dataset and compared to classical black‐box models, which directly relate manipulated process parameters to CQAs. The proposed combined hybrid model outperforms the black‐box model by 33% on average in predicting the CQAs while requiring only around half of the data for model training to match performance. Thus, in terms of model accuracy and experimental costs, the combined hybrid model in this study provides a promising platform for process optimization applications.
Profiling Key Aroma Compounds of Senecio glaucus L. and their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities: Multiplex of GC‐MS, NMR and In Silico Studies
Authors: Elghonemy Mai M. , Essa Ahmed F. , Osman Abeer F. , Khalaf Doaa D. , El‐Nasser G. El Gendy Abd , Abd‐ElGawad Ahmed M. , Umeyama Akemi , Elshamy Abdelsamed I.
Published: March 2024

The essential oils of Senecio plants have been used to treat a wide range of ailments. The current study aimed to extract the essential oil of Senecio glaucus obtained from Egypt's Nile delta and determine its chemical profile using GC‐MS and NMR analysis. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the oil has been investigated against different fungal and bacterial strains. In addition, its activity as radical scavenger has been evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and metal chelating techniques. The results revealed the identification of 50 compounds representing 98.80 % of the oil total mass. Sesquiterpenes, including dehydrofukinone (27.15 %) and 4,5‐di‐epi‐aristolochene (10.27 %), as well as monoterpenes, including p‐cymene (4.77 %), represented the most predominant constituents. The dehydrofukinone has been isolated and structurally confirmed using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The oil has showed remarkable antifungal activity against Candida glabrata and C. albicans where the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were 3.13 μg/mL and 1.50 μg/mL and 12.50 μg/mL and 6.30 μg/mL, respectively that could be attributed to the sesquiterpene ketones present in the aerial tissues of the plant. Also, this oil inhibited the growth of the tested bacteria with MIC ranging from 12.50–100.00 μg/mL. In comparison to ascorbic acid and Trolox, the EO had remarkable scavenging activity of DPPH, ABTS and metal chelating with IC50 values of 313.17±13.4, 493.83±20.1, and 409.13±16.7 μg/mL. The docking studies of the identified compounds of the oil to different microbial targets, including Gyrase B and α‐sterol demethylase, showed that the phytol possessed the best binding affinities toward the active sites of both enzymes with ΔG=−7.42 and −7.78 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the phytol revealed the highest binding affinity to tyrosine kinase Hck with ΔG=−7.44 kcal/mol.
Recurrent hypo‐attenuated leaflet thickening after TAVR: Clinical implications
Authors: Takla Andrew , Sourial Kirolus , Sharma Gaurav
Published: March 2024

Subclinical bioprosthetic valve thrombosis (BPVT) is a relatively common finding in asymptomatic patients during follow‐up imaging. However, its clinical significance is unclear. Data from registries associate BPVT with elevated valve gradients, thromboembolic complications, recurrence, and valve degeneration. Given the dynamic nature of the disease process, management is challenging. The duration of anticoagulation is unpredictable, and the need for frequent monitoring of BPVT, even in subclinical scenarios, is unclear. Our report is shedding the light on the clinical implications BPVT.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of l‐Pipecolic Acid by a Lysine Cyclodeaminase: Batch and Flow Reactors
Authors: Stalder Kaja , Benítez‐Mateos Ana I. , Paradisi Francesca
Published: March 2024

l‐Pipecolic Acid (l‐PA) is a valuable building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals such as anesthetics and immunosuppressants. Thus, more efficient and greener strategies are desired for its production. Herein, we have applied a previously engineered variant of the Lysine Cyclodeaminase from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis (e‐SpLCD) for the bioconversion of l‐Lysine into l‐PA. The reaction can be performed by the free e‐SpLCD reaching full conversion to 50 mM l‐PA. From a biotechnological perspective, the process scale‐up has been trialed in a SpinChem® reactor, albeit with lower conversion yields. To further enhance the biocatalyst stability, we present a detailed study of the e‐SpLCD immobilization on microparticles. This enabled the integration of the immobilized biocatalyst into a packed‐bed reactor for the continuous flow synthesis of l‐PA. The full conversion was achieved in 90 min, maintaining also high operational stability. Remarkably, the addition of exogenous cofactor was not needed for the flow reaction, although the long‐term operational stability was improved by the addition of NAD+.
Electrodeposition of Fractal Structured Nickel for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline
Authors: Harada Yuya , Hua Qi , Harris Lauren C. , Yoshida Tsukasa , Gewirth Andrew A.
Published: March 2024

To accelerate the practical application of water splitting in alkaline media, it is imperative to enhance the electrocatalytic performance for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). In this context, we demonstrate that a simple (one‐pot, one‐step) electrodeposition process of nickel (Ni) in the presence of 3,5‐diamino1,2,4‐triazole (DAT) results in the formation of fractally structured Ni films with a significantly increased surface area. The Electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) increases with the electrodeposition charge passed, with the film electrodeposited at 14 C cm−2 achieving a reduction in overpotential at −10 mA cm−2 (η10) to 65.7 mV, coupled with a remarkable increase in ECSA (114‐fold greater than that of Ni‐foil). Additionally, nickel deposited in the presence of DAT effectively mitigates deactivation during electrolysis, exhibiting a 3.6‐fold lower overpotential degradation compared to that of the smooth Ni foil. This simple electrodeposition technique, applicable to a variety of conductive substrates, is distinguished by its high catalytic performance in the HER, a feature of considerable significance.
Facilitating Electron Transfer by Resizing Cyclocarbon Acceptor from C18 to C16
Authors: Stasyuk O. A. , Voityuk A. A. , Stasyuk A. J.
Published: March 2024

Recent advances in synthetic methods, combined with tip‐induced on‐surface chemistry, have enabled the formation of numerous cyclocarbon molecules. Here, we investigate computationally the experimentally studied C16 and C18 molecules as well as their van der Waals (vdW) complexes with several typical donor and acceptor molecules. Our results demonstrate a remarkable electron‐withdrawing ability of cyclocarbon molecules. The vdW complexes of C16 and C18 exhibit a thermodynamically favorable photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from the donor partner to the cyclocarbons that occurs on a picosecond time scale. The lower reorganization energy of C16 compared to C18 leads to a significant acceleration of the ET reactions.
One‐pot Synthesis of PdCuAg and CeO2 Nanowires Hybrid with Abundant Heterojunction Interface for Ethylene Glycol Electrooxidation
Authors: Fan Dongping , Zheng Jinyu , Xiang Xin , Xu Dongdong
Published: March 2024

Introducing CeO2 into Pd‐based nanocatalysts for electrocatalytic reactions is a good way to solve the intermediate toxicity problem and improve the catalytic performance. Here we reported a simple strategy to synthesize the PdCuAg and CeO2 nanowires hybrid via a one‐pot synthesis process under strong nanoconfined effect of specific surfactant as templates. Owing to the structural (ultrathin nanowires, abundant heterojunction/interfaces between metal and metal oxide) and compositional (Pd, Cu, Ag, CeO2) advantages, the hybrid showed significantly enhanced catalytic activity (6.06 A mgPd−1) and stability, accelerated reaction rate, and reduced activation energy toward electrocatalytic ethylene glycol oxidation reaction.
Assessment of environmental odor pollution using a dispersion model in an industrialized urban area of Kocaeli, Turkey
Authors: Ergün Yüksel Burcu , Çetin Doğruparmak Şenay , Pekey Beyhan , Pekey Hakan
Published: March 2024

The main goal of the present study was to highlight how crucial odor evaluation methods may be for raising the general standard of living in a region. For this, the dispersion of odor concentrations detected by an olfactometric method in an area of Kocaeli, Turkey, where odor problems are frequently experienced, was investigated using the AERMOD atmospheric dispersion modeling system. According to the findings of the olfactometric measurement, the mean odor concentrations in the industrial area was high at 1342 OU m–3, while in the residential areas the values were lower, at 578 OU m–3 within the selected study area. As a result of the modeling study, the maximum odor concentration was 2081 OU m–3 at the 1 h. The model also showed that the coordinate points where the maximum odor concentration was observed changed with time, and that the concentrations recorded at the 1 h may decrease by as much as 88%–91% at the 24 h. In the study, a survey was also conducted to identify possible effects of odor pollution on people. The survey findings showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two areas (industrial and residential) for seven variables of a total 28. We suggest that measuring odor concentrations, modeling their distribution, and conducting surveys are effective methods when managing the urban planning process.
A practical guide for assessing and managing cardiovascular risk during androgen‐deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Solanki Aum J. , Kamrava Mitchell , Posadas Edwin M. , Freedland Stephen J. , Ballas Leslie , Sandler Howard M. , Bairey Merz C. Noel , Atkins Katelyn M. , Nikolova Andriana P.
Published: March 2024

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men worldwide, and androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay of treatment. There are observational data demonstrating an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients who receive ADT, particularly those who have an elevated baseline cardiovascular risk. Because, for most patients with prostate cancer, death is predominantly from noncancer‐related causes, cardiovascular disease and its risk factors should be optimized during cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of the landscape of ADT treatment and serves as a guide for appropriate cardiovascular screening and risk‐mitigation strategies. The authors emphasize the importance of shared communication between the multidisciplinary cancer team and primary care to improve baseline cardiovascular screening and treatment of modifiable risk factors within this higher risk population.
Construction of dangling and staggered stacking aldehyde in covalent organic frameworks for 2e− oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Ouyang Zhaofeng , Liu Minghao , Bi Shuai , Liu Guojuan , Li Xuewen , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng
Published: March 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been utilized as the ideal candidates to preciously construct electrocatalysts. However, the highly ordered degree of COFs renders the catalytic centers closely stacked, which limits the utilization efficiency of catalytic sites. Herein, we have first constructed dangling and staggered‐stacking aldehyde (–CHO) from [4 + 3] COFs as catalytic centers for 2e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The new catalytic COFs have unreacted dangling ‐CHO out of the COFs' planes, which are more easily exposed in electrolytes than the sites in the frameworks. More importantly, these –CHO adopt staggered stacking models, and thus provide larger space for mass transport than those with eclipsed stacking models. In addition, by tuning the triratopic linkers in the COFs, the catalytic properties are well modulated. The optimized COF shows high selectivity and activity for 2e− ORR, with H2O2 selectivity of 91%, and mass activity of 12.2 A g−1, respectively. The theoretical calculation further reveals the higher activity for the pyridine‐contained B18C6‐PTTA‐COF due to the promoted binding ability of the intermediate OOH* at the carbon in dangling –CHO. This work provides us with a new insight into designing electrocatalysts based on COFs.
Transdermal Nicotine Patch Increases the Number and Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Young Healthy Nonsmokers without Adverse Hemodynamic Effects
Authors: Liu Yen‐Yu , Tien Ting‐Yi , Hung Chung‐Lieh , Wu Yih‐Jer , Su Cheng‐Huang , Yeh Hung‐I
Published: March 2024

Transdermal nicotine patches (TNPs), administering nicotine into the bloodstream through skin, have been widely used as nicotine replacement therapy, and exposure to nicotine can be detected by measurement of plasma cotinine concentration. In animal studies, nicotine treatment could increase the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but the effect of TNPs on circulating EPCs and their activity in humans remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of TNPs on circulating EPCs with surface markers of CD34, CD133, and/or KDR, and colony‐forming function plus migration activity of early EPCs derived from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after TNP treatments in young healthy nonsmokers. In parallel, pulse wave analysis (PWA) was applied to evaluate the vascular effect of TNP treatments. Twenty‐one participants (25.8 ± 3.6 years old, 10 males) used TNP (nicotine: 4.2 mg/day) for 7 consecutive days. During the treatment, the CD34+ EPCs progressively increased in number. In addition, the number of EPCs positive for CD34/KDR, CD133, and CD34/CD133 were also increased on day 7 of the treatment. Furthermore, the early EPC colony‐forming function and migration activity were increased with the plasma cotinine level positively correlating with change in colony‐forming unit number. PWA analyses on day 7, compared with pretreatment, did not show significant change except diastolic pressure time index, which was prolonged and implied potential vascular benefit. In conclusion, 7‐day TNP treatments could be a practical strategy to enhance angiogenesis of circulating EPCs to alleviate tissue ischemia without any hemodynamic concern.
Developing tomorrow's leaders: self‐esteem and teamwork go hand in hand
Authors: May Rachel
Published: March 2024

A new study published in a special issue of Education Sciences by Elena De Prada, Mercedes Mareque, and Margarita Pino‐Juste finds that there is a “relationship between teamwork skills and the successful development of self‐esteem.” Researchers determined that leadership skills aren’t necessarily innate, and can be taught, especially when group work is closely managed. The study's subjects were social science students.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the analgesic effects of botulinum neurotoxin: A literature review
Authors: Hosseindoost Saereh , Inanloo Seyed Hassan , Pestehei Seyed Khalil , Rahimi Mojgan , Yekta Reza Atef , Khajehnasiri Alireza , Rad Maziyar Askari , Majedi Hossein , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: March 2024

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), derived from Clostridium botulinum, have been employed to treat a range of central and peripheral neurological disease. Some studies indicate that BoNT may be beneficial for pain conditions as well. It has been hypothesized that BoNTs may exert their analgesic effects by preventing the release of pain‐related neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory agents from sensory nerve endings, suppressing glial activation, and inhibiting the transmission of pain‐related receptors to the neuronal cell membrane. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that the central analgesic effects of BoNTs are mediated through their retrograde axonal transport. The purpose of this review is to summarize the experimental evidence of the analgesic functions of BoNTs and discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which they can act on pain conditions. Most of the studies reviewed in this article were conducted using BoNT/A. The PubMed database was searched from 1995 to December 2022 to identify relevant literature.
The contribution of the WNT pathway to the therapeutic effects of montelukast in experimental murine airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kaya‐Yasar Yesim , Engin Seckin , Barut Elif Nur , Inan Cihan , Saygin Ismail , Erkoseoglu Ilknur , Sezen Sena F.
Published: March 2024

The wingless/integrase‐1 (WNT) pathway involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases has recently generated considerable research interest. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, provides therapeutic benefits in allergic asthma involving eosinophils. We aimed to investigate the role of the WNT pathway in the therapeutic actions of montelukast (MT) in a mixed type of allergic‐acute airway inflammation model induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Female mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal OVA‐Al(OH)3administration in the initiation phase and intranasal OVA followed by LPS administration in the challenge phase. The mice were divided into eight groups: control, asthmatic, and control/asthmatic treated with XAV939 (inhibitor of the canonical WNT pathway), LGK‐974 (inhibitor of the secretion of WNT ligands), or MT at different doses. The inhibition of the WNT pathway prevented tracheal 5‐HT and bradykinin hyperreactivity, while only the inhibition of the canonical WNT pathway partially reduced 5‐HT and bradykinin contractions compared to the inflammation group. Therefore, MT treatment hindered 5‐HT and bradykinin hyperreactivity associated with airway inflammation. Furthermore, MT prevented the increases in the phosphorylated GSK‐3β and WNT5A levels, which had been induced by airway inflammation, in a dose‐dependent manner. Conversely, the MT application caused a further increase in the fibronectin levels, while there was no significant alteration in the phosphorylation of the Smad‐2 levels in the isolated lungs of the mice. The MT treatment reversed the increase in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin‐17A. An increase in eosinophil and neutrophil counts was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from the mice in the inflammation group, which was hampered by the MT treatment. The inhibition of the WNT pathway did not alter inflammatory cytokine expression or cell infiltration. The WNT pathway mediated the therapeutic effects of MT due to the inhibition of GSK‐3β phosphorylation as well as the reduction of WNT5A levels in a murine airway inflammation model.
Care, control and complications of hospitalised patients with type 1 diabetes in China: A nationwide‐based registry study
Authors: Deng Chao , Xie Yuting , Li Juan , Jiang Hongwei , Niu Xiaohong , Yan Dewen , Su Heng , Kuang Hongyu , Tian Liming , Liu Jing , Jiang Sheng , Quan Huibiao , Xu Jixiong , Wu Xiaohong , Tao Na , Sun Shuguang , Tang Xiaohan , Chen Yan , Fan Li , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang ,   the CD1S Study Group
Published: March 2024

Aims

To evaluate the status quo of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management and characteristics of hospitalised patients with T1D in China through a nationwide multicentre registry study, the China Diabetes Type 1 Study (CD1S).

Materials and Methods

Clinical data from the electronic hospital records of all people with T1D were retrospectively collected in 13 tertiary hospitals across 7 regions of China from January 2016 to December 2021. Patients were defined as newly diagnosed who received a diagnosis of diabetes for less than 3 months.

Results

Among the 4993 people with T1D, the median age (range) at diagnosis was 23.0 (1.0‐87.0) years and the median disease duration was 2.0 years. The median haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was 10.7%. The prevalence of obesity, overweight, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were 2.5%, 10.8%, 62.5% and 25.9%, respectively. The incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis at disease onset was 41.1%, with the highest in children <10 years of age (50.6%). In patients not newly diagnosed, 60.7% were diagnosed with at least one chronic diabetic complication, with the highest proportion (45.3%) of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Chronic complications were detected in 79.2% of people with T1D duration ≥10 years.

Conclusions

In the most recent years, there were still unsatisfactory metabolic control and high incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis as well as chronic diabetic complications among inpatients with T1D in China. The ongoing CD1S prospective study aims to improve the quality of T1D management nationally.
Magnetically responsive manipulation of droplets and bubbles
Authors: Jiang Shaojun , Wu Dong , Li Jiawen , Chu Jiaru , Hu Yanlei
Published: March 2024

Droplets and bubbles have a wide range of applications in industry, agriculture, and daily life, and their controllable manipulation is of significant scientific and technological importance. Versatile magnetically responsive manipulation strategies have been developed to achieve precise control over droplets and bubbles. To manipulate nonmagnetic droplets or bubbles with magnetic fields, the presence of magnetic medium is indispensable. Magnetic additives can be added to the surface or interior of droplets and bubbles, allowing for on‐demand manipulation by direct magnetic actuation. Alternatively, magnetically responsive elastomer substrates can be used to actuate droplets and bubbles by controlling the deformation of microstructures on the substrates through magnetic stimulation. Another strategy is based on untethered magnetic devices, which enables free mobility, facilitating versatile manipulation of droplets and bubbles in a flexible manner. This paper reviews the advances in magnetically responsive manipulation strategies from the perspective of droplets and bubbles. An overview of the different classes of magnetic medium, along with their respective corresponding droplet/bubble manipulation methods and principles, is first introduced. Then, the applications of droplet/bubble manipulation in biomedicine, microchemistry, and other fields are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and future opportunities related to regulating droplet/bubble behavior using magnetic fields are discussed.
Bibliometric analysis of research challenges and trends in urban underground space
Authors: Zhang You , Zheng Liang , He Lingling , Jiao Yuyong , Peng Hanfa , Gamage Ranjith P.
Published: March 2024

The utilization and development of urban underground space play a crucial role in optimizing the layout of civic architecture and enhancing the urban ecological environment, which contributes toward increasing the overall carrying capacity and promoting sustainable development in megacities. To delve into the research progress of urban underground space, knowledge maps were created using the information visualization software VOSviewer. The literature was systematically extracted from three prominent databases, namely, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. According to the bibliometric analysis of the co‐citation and core words co‐occurrence, the trends and challenges of research on urban underground space were identified. As highlighted by the results obtained, it still remains highly challenging to achieve interdisciplinary collaboration in urban underground space research; the research trends of urban underground space consist of collaborative planning and whole life cycle sustainable development, multisource geological data informatization and resource evaluation, infrastructure design optimization, and intelligent construction. The knowledge map, drawn using bibliometric methods, offers a quantitative analysis of literature retrieval across various levels. It is recognized as an essential tool for exploring and identifying challenges and trends in urban underground space.
Proteomic profiles of left atrial volume and its influence on response to spironolactone: Findings from the HOMAGE trial and STANISLAS cohort
Authors: Kobayashi Masatake , Ferreira João Pedro , Duarte Kevin , Bresso Emmanuel , Huttin Olivier , Bozec Erwan , Brunner La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Delles Christian , Clark Andrew L. , Edelmann Frank , González Arantxa , Heymans Stephane , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Petutschnigg Johannes , Verdonschot Job A.J. , Rossignol Patrick , Cleland John G.F. , Zannad Faiez , Girerd Nicolas ,   the HOMAGE Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: March 2024

Aims

High left ventricular filling pressure increases left atrial volume and causes myocardial fibrosis, which may decrease with spironolactone. We studied clinical and proteomic characteristics associated with left atrial volume indexed by body surface area (LAVi), and whether LAVi influences the response to spironolactone on biomarker expression and clinical variables.

Methods and results

In the HOMAGE trial, where people at risk of heart failure were randomized to spironolactone or control, we analysed 421 participants with available LAVi and 276 proteomic measurements (Olink) at baseline, month 1 and 9 (mean age 73 ± 6 years; women 26%; LAVi 32 ± 9 ml/m2). Circulating proteins associated with LAVi were also assessed in asymptomatic individuals from a population‐based cohort (STANISLAS; n = 1640; mean age 49 ± 14 years; women 51%; LAVi 23 ± 7 ml/m2). In both studies, greater LAVi was significantly associated with greater left ventricular masses and volumes. In HOMAGE, after adjustment and correction for multiple testing, greater LAVi was associated with higher concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase‐2 (MMP‐2), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐2 (IGFBP‐2) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) (false discovery rates [FDR] <0.05). These associations were externally replicated in STANISLAS (all FDR <0.05). Among these biomarkers, spironolactone decreased concentrations of MMP‐2 and NT‐proBNP, regardless of baseline LAVi (pinteraction > 0.10). Spironolactone also significantly reduced LAVi, improved left ventricular ejection fraction, lowered E/e', blood pressure and serum procollagen type I C‐terminal propeptide (PICP) concentration, a collagen synthesis marker, regardless of baseline LAVi (pinteraction > 0.10).

Conclusion

In individuals without heart failure, LAVi was associated with MMP‐2, IGFBP‐2 and NT‐proBNP. Spironolactone reduced these biomarker concentrations as well as LAVi and PICP, irrespective of left atrial size.
Self‐propulsion of a droplet induced by combined diffusiophoresis and Marangoni effects
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Zheng Longtao , Li Gaojin
Published: March 2024

Chemically active droplets display complex self‐propulsion behavior in homogeneous surfactant solutions, often influenced by the interplay between diffusiophoresis and Marangoni effects. Previous studies have primarily considered these effects separately or assumed axisymmetric motion. To understand the full hydrodynamics, we investigate the motion of a two‐dimensional active droplet under their combined influences using weakly nonlinear analysis and numerical simulations. The impact of two key factors, the Péclet number () and the mobility ratio between diffusiophoretic and Marangoni effects (), on droplet motion is explored. We establish a phase diagram in the space, categorizing the boundaries between four types of droplet states: stationary, steady motion, periodic/quasi‐periodic motion, and chaotic motion. We find that the mobility ratio does not affect the critical for the onset of self‐propulsion, but it significantly influences the stability of high‐wavenumber modes as well as the droplet's velocity and trajectory. Scaling analysis reveals that in the high regime, the Marangoni and diffusiophoresis effects lead to distinct velocity scaling laws: and , respectively. When these effects are combined, the velocity scaling depends on the sign of the mobility ratio. In cases with a positive mobility ratio, the Marangoni effect dominates the scaling, whereas the negative diffusiophoretic effect leads to an increased thickness of the concentration boundary layer and a flattened scaling of the droplet velocity.
Optimal selection and scaling of ground motion records compatible with input energy and acceleration spectra
Authors: Hasanoğlu Serkan , Güllü Ahmet , Dindar Ahmet Anıl , Müderrisoğlu Ziya , Özkaynak Hasan , Bozer Ali
Published: March 2024

Nonlinear response history analysis is the primary tool for risk‐targeted design and seismic performance evaluation of structures. These analyses require the selection of a set of ground motions that satisfy predetermined conditions such as spectral acceleration. Numerous efforts have been made so far to obtain ground motion records which are expected to represent possible earthquakes. Even though spectral acceleration‐based ground motion scaling is a common procedure, recent studies showed that structural response can be better represented through the energy content of the records. To this end, this study aims to develop an energy and acceleration spectra‐compatible record selection and scaling methodology to achieve higher efficiency and lower bias in the predicted structural response. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated through the standard deviations of the computed story drifts of benchmark structures resulting from the records processed by either the proposed or commonly used methods. The results demonstrated that considering input energy together with spectral acceleration for the selection and scaling of the records can considerably reduce the bias in structural response, especially for structures located on stiff soils.
Eating disorder symptom non‐endorsers in hospitalised patients with anorexia nervosa: Who are they?
Authors: Vanzhula Irina , Hagan Kelsey , Duck Sarah Ann , Pan Isabella , Wang Erin Y. , Steinglass Joanna , Attia Evelyn , Wildes Jennifer E. , Guarda Angela S. , Schreyer Colleen
Published: March 2024

Objective

Impaired insight and illness denial are common in anorexia nervosa (AN). Missing an AN diagnosis may delay treatment and negatively impact outcomes.

Method

The current retrospective study examined the prevalence and characteristics of AN symptom non‐endorsement (i.e., scoring within the normal range on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire [EDE‐Q] or the Eating Disorder Examination [EDE] interview) in three independent samples of hospitalised patients with AN (N1 = 154; N2 = 300; N3 = 194). A qualitative chart review of a subsample of non‐endorsers (N4 = 32) extracted reports of disordered eating behaviours observed by the treatment team.

Results

The prevalence of non‐endorsement ranged from 11% to 34% across sites. Non‐endorsers were more likely to be diagnosed with AN restricting type (AN‐R) and reported fewer symptoms of co‐occurring psychopathology than endorsers. Groups benefitted equally from treatment. The qualitative chart review indicated that objective symptoms of AN were recorded by staff in over 90% of non‐endorsers.

Conclusions

Eating disorder symptom assessments using the EDE‐Q or EDE may miss symptomatology in up to a third of individuals hospitalised with AN. This study highlights the potential utility of multi‐modal assessment including patient interviews, collateral informants, and behavioural observation to circumvent non‐endorsement.
Influence of slug flow on sand dune transport in a 3.6° upward inclined pipeline
Authors: Goharzadeh Afshin , Nossair Ahmed , Rodgers Peter , Chai John
Published: March 2024

This study presents an experimental investigation of sand conveying from a stationary flatbed through two‐phase liquid–gas flows as a function of the fluids flow rates and pipeline orientation (α = 0°, andα = +3.6°). The characteristics of sand particle transportation by saltation, sand dune formation process and morphologies are visualized using a transparent cylindrical acrylic pipeline and digital photography. It was observed that slug flow regime was the dominant mechanism to lift the sand particles for both horizontal and upward inclinations. It was also found that sand dunes deconstructed more quickly at an upward inclination than horizontal position. For the upward inclination, the conveying phenomenon is characterized by sand bed lifting, suspension, and backward entrainment below the air bubble in the water film. Due to the increased liquid flow rates, higher dune velocity is recorded for the inclined condition. The dune pitch length grew for the horizontal configuration after the transient phase, as a result of the gravitational force effect, while it remained constant for the inclined orientation. In both conditions the slip face angle decreased with time; however, for the inclined configuration, this angle was lower because of the higher upstream liquid flow rate. These results provide important insights into the effect of pipe inclination on bed‐load mode solid transport by two‐phase flow inside a closed circular conduit. The obtained experimental data can be used to validate future numerical investigations.
Fear, gratitude, and the normalization of obstetric violence in Cuban maternity hospitals
Authors: Bastian Hope
Published: March 2024

Obstetric violence is endemic in Cuba, a highly medicalized society where the obstetrics institution is unquestioned and, in the afterlives of Atlantic slavery and US occupation and intervention, emotions of fear and gratitude work to normalize obstetric violence and control birthing bodies for the state. I draw on ethnographic observations, birth stories, and experiences as a patient to examine how birthing people, providers, and the Revolutionary state negotiate care and responsibility for health. I describe three fears: the fear of failure to protect maternal‐infant health (and its repercussions for clinicians and the state); the fear of physiological childbirth; and fears of inadequate or violent care. Obstetric violence in Cuba is structural. As birthing people shift between primary and tertiary healthcare infrastructures with distinct epistemologies of care, they exert ambiguous agency to domesticate the hostile space of the hospital, building relations of reciprocity and performing docility and compliance. Finally, I look at the gratitude expected of patients and the consequences of refusing to recognize healthcare as a “gift.” This contemporary account of obstetric violence in Cuba contributes to calls by abolition feminists to study the obstetric institution in order to refuse and dismantle it, building life‐affirming futures for maternity care worldwide.
Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021
Authors: Liu Jianhua , He Chao , Si Yajun , Li Bin , Wu Qian , Ni Jinmian , Zhao Yue , Hu Qixin , Du Shenwen , Lu Zhendong , Jin Jiming , Xu Chao
Published: March 2024

To reduce the high burden of disease caused by air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) on September 22, 2021. In this study, the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) data of 618 cities around the world is collected from 2019 to 2022. Based on the new AQG, the number of attainment days for daily average concentrations of PM2.5 (≤ 15 µg m−3) and O3 (≤ 100 µg m−3) is approximately 10% and 90%, respectively. China and India exhibit a decreasing trend in the number of highly polluted days (> 75 µg m−3) for PM. Every year over 68% and 27% of cities in the world are exposed to harmful PM2.5 (> 35 µg m−3) and O3 (> 100 µg m−3) pollution, respectively. Combined with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is found that more than 35% of the world's cities face PM2.5‐O3 compound pollution. Furthermore, the exposure risks in these cities (China, India, etc.) are mainly categorized as “High Risk”, “Risk”, and “Stabilization”. In contrast, economically developed cities are mainly categorized as “High Safety”, “Safety”, and “Deep Stabilization.” These findings indicate that global implementation of the WHO's new AQG will minimize the inequitable exposure risk from air pollution.
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Authors: Usman Ken Aldren S. , Zhang Jizhen , Marquez Kevinilo P. , Judicpa Mia Angela N. , Lynch Peter A. , Bedford Annabelle , Anasori Babak , Razal Joselito M.
Published: March 2024

This review article summarizes the exciting advancements in liquid crystalline MXenes and guidance for their processing into versatile macro‐architectures suitable for various applications.

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Developmental changes in school burnout: The importance of sleep and problematic Internet use
Authors: Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Javakhishvili Magda , Lobo‐Dos‐Santos Tiago A. , Özdemir Yalçın , Sağkal Ali Serdar
Published: March 2024

Introduction

School burnout remains a prevalent problem among adolescents; it is associated with low academic achievement and school dropout risk, in turn linked to a whole host of deleterious developmental outcomes. The current longitudinal study sought to better understand the developmental course of school burnout by testing whether poor sleep and problematic internet use each uniquely and additively explained the variance in school burnout over time.

Method

Data were collected four times over 18 months, 6 months apart from N = 405 adolescents, grades 9 to 11.

Results

Sleep quality, but not quantity, was significantly associated with the school burnout intercept (β = −0.29); no effects were found for the slope. Problematic internet use was also significantly associated with the intercept (β = .44), but not the slope. In a combined model, both sleep quality and problematic internet use significantly predicted the school burnout intercept. The slope was only predicted by age (β = −0.21).

Conclusions

The study found partial support for the hypotheses that both poor sleep quality and problematic internet use predicted school burnout, intercept only, not the rate of change. The evidence suggests that school burnout increased across high school; however, the rate of increase slowed with age. In contrast to some previous work, study findings highlight the importance of separately considering both poor sleep and problematic internet use in understanding the development of school burnout during adolescence.

N = 229
Evaluating potential developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Xenopus laevis embryos and larvae
Authors: Degitz Sigmund J. , Degoey Philip P. , Haselman Jonathan T. , Olker Jennifer H. , Stacy Emma H. , Blanksma Chad , Meyer Scott , Mattingly Kali Z. , Blackwell Brett , Opseth Anne S. , Hornung Michael W.
Published: March 2024

As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency's perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) Action Plan, the agency is committed to increasing our understanding of the potential ecological effects of PFAS. The objective of these studies was to examine the developmental toxicity of PFAS using the laboratory model amphibian species Xenopus laevis. We had two primary aims: (1) to understand the developmental toxicity of a structurally diverse set of PFAS compounds in developing embryos and (2) to characterize the potential impacts of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide‐dimer acid (HFPO‐DA a.k.a. GenX), on growth and thyroid hormone‐controlled metamorphosis. We employed a combination of static renewal and flow‐through exposure designs. Embryos were exposed to 17 structurally diverse PFAS starting at the midblastula stage through the completion of organogenesis (96 h). To investigate impacts on PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and HFPO‐DA on development and metamorphosis, larvae were exposed from premetamorphosis (Nieuwkoop Faber stage 51 or 54) through pro metamorphosis. Of the PFAS tested in embryos, only 1H,1H,10H,10H‐perfluorodecane‐1,10‐diol (FC10‐diol) and perfluorohexanesulfonamide (FHxSA) exposure resulted in clear concentration‐dependent developmental toxicity. For both of these PFAS, a significant increase in mortality was observed at 2.5 and 5 mg/L. For FC10‐diol, 100% of the surviving embryos were malformed at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/L, while for FHxSA, a significant increase in malformations (100%) was observed at 2.5 and 5 mg/L. Developmental stage achieved was the most sensitive endpoint with significant effects observed at 1.25 and 0.625 mg/L for FC10‐diol and FHxSA, respectively. In larval studies, we observed impacts on growth following exposure to PFHxS and PFOS at concentrations of 100 and 2.5 mg/L, respectively, while no impacts were observed in larvae when exposed to PFOA and HFPO‐DA at concentration of 100 mg/L. Further, we did not observe impacts on thyroid endpoints in exposed larvae. These experiments have broadened our understanding of the impact of PFAS on anuran development.