bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug‐induced linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis: A French retrospective pharmacovigilance study of 69 cases
Authors: Garel Bethsabée , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro Saskia , Afriat Daniele , Prost‐Squarcioni Catherine , Tétart Florence , Bensaid Benoit , Bara Passot Corina , Beylot‐Barry Marie , Descamps Vincent , Duvert‐Lehembre Sophie , Grootenboer‐Mignot Sabine , Jeudy Géraldine , Soria Angèle , Valnet‐Rabier Marie Blanche , Barbaud Annick , Caux Frédéric , Lebrun‐Vignes Bénédicte
Published: December 2018

Aims

Linear immunoglobin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis is a rare autoimmune dermatosis considered spontaneous or drug‐induced (DILAD). We assessed all DILAD cases, determined the imputability score of drugs and highlighted suspected drugs.

Methods

Data for patients with DILAD were collected retrospectively from the French Pharmacovigilance network (from 1985 to 2017) and from physicians involved in the Bullous Diseases French Study Group and the French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reactions to Drugs. Drug causality was systematically determined by the French imputability method.

Results

Of the 69 patients, 42% had mucous membrane involvement, 20% lesions mimicking toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 21% eosinophil infiltrates and 10% keratinocytes necrosis. Direct immunofluorescence, in 80%, showed isolated linear IgA deposits. Vancomycin (VCM) was suspected in 39 cases (57%), 11 had TEN‐like lesions, as compared with three without VCM suspected. Among the 33 patients with a single suspected drug, 85% had an intrinsic imputability score of I4. Among them, enoxaparin, minocycline and vibramycin were previously unpublished. For all patients, the suspect drug was withdrawn; 15 did not receive any treatment. First‐line therapy for 31 patients was topical steroids. Among the 60 patients with available follow‐up, 52 achieved remission, 10 without treatment. Four patients experienced relapse, four died and five had positive accidental rechallenges.

Conclusions

There is no major clinical difference between DILAD and idiopathic linear IgA bullous dermatosis, but the former features a higher prevalence of patients mimicking TEN. VCM, suspected in more than half of the cases, might be responsible for more severe clinical presentations. We report three new putative drugs.
Effect of glutathione S‐transferase genetic polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics and veno‐occlusive disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Myeong Gyu , Kwak Arim , Choi Boyoon , Ji Eunhee , Oh Jung Mi , Kim Kyungim
Published: December 2018

This meta‐analysis was conducted to derive an integrated conclusion about the influence of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genetic polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and veno‐occlusive disease (VOD). Studies which analysed the effect of GST genetic polymorphisms on area under the curve (AUC), clearance (CL) or VOD were searched for and selected. A pooled analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis programme. Nineteen studies were included in this meta‐analysis. GSTA1*B and GSTM1 null genotypes significantly decreased CLIV of busulfan (standardized difference in means (SDM) = −1.103; P = 0.019 and SDM = −0.418; P = 0.002, respectively). GSTA1*B significantly increased AUCIV of busulfan (SDM = 0.832; P = 0.046), whereas GSTM1 did not (SDM = 0.155; P = 0.478). The PK parameters of oral busulfan did not differ according to GST genotype. GSTA1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 were not significantly associated with VOD occurrence. GSTA1 and GSTM1 genotypes affected CLIV of busulfan, but only GSTA1 affected AUCIV. There was no significant difference in the PK parameters of oral busulfan (CLPO and AUCPO) and VOD when only GST genotypes were considered.
Meeting a nice asylum seeker: Intergroup contact changes stereotype content perceptions and associated emotional prejudices, and encourages solidarity‐based collective action intentions
Authors: Kotzur Patrick F. , Schäfer Sarina J. , Wagner Ulrich
Published: December 2018

Intergroup contact can improve majority members’ perception of minorities. Integrating the intergroup contact hypothesis with the stereotype content model and BIAS‐Map, we hypothesized that positive intergroup contact improves German majority members’ evaluations of asylum seekers on the warmth and competence dimensions. Using cross‐sectional survey data and structural equation modelling, we found support for this hypothesis (Study 1a, N = 182). Warmth and competence perceptions, in turn, predicted specific intergroup emotions (Study 1b, N = 255). A causal effect of intergroup contact on changes in stereotype content, emotions, and solidarity‐based collective action intentions as an important facilitative behavioural intention debated in the intergroup contact literature is established with experimental data (Study 2, N = 74). Participants interacting with an asylum seeker rated asylum seekers higher on warmth and specific intergroup emotions and were more supportive of solidarity‐based collective actions in favour of asylum seekers. Our study demonstrates that contact has differential effects on cognitive, affective, and behavioural components of prejudice towards asylum seekers that are systematically linked.
Early growth response‐1 regulates acetylcholinesterase and its relation with the course of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hu Yu‐Ting , Chen Xin‐Lu , Huang Shu‐Han , Zhu Qiong‐Bin , Yu Si‐Yang , Shen Yi , Sluiter Arja , Verhaagen Joost , Zhao Juan , Swaab Dick , Bao Ai‐Min
Published: December 2018

Our previous studies showed that the transcription factor early growth response‐1 (EGR1) may play a role in keeping the brain cholinergic function intact in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to elucidate the mechanisms involved, we first performed data mining on our previous microarray study on postmortem human prefrontal cortex (PFC) for the changes in the expression of EGR1 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the relationship between them during the course of AD. The study contained 49 patients, ranging from non‐demented controls (Braak stage 0) to late AD patients (Braak stage VI). We found EGR1‐mRNA was high in early AD and decreased in late AD stages, while AChE‐mRNA was stable in preclinical AD and slightly decreased in late AD stages. A significant positive correlation was found between the mRNA levels of these two molecules. In addition, we studied the relationship between EGR1 and AChE mRNA levels in the frontal cortex of 3–12‐months old triple‐transgenic AD (3xTg‐AD) mice. EGR1‐ and AChE‐mRNA were lower in 3xTg‐AD mice compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. A significant positive correlation between these two molecules was present in the entire group and in each age group of either WT or 3xTg‐AD mice. Subsequently, AChE expression was determined following up‐ or down‐regulating EGR1 in cell lines and the EGR1 levels were found to regulate AChE at both the mRNA and protein levels. Dual‐luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay in the EGR1‐overexpressing cells were performed to determine the functionally effective binding sites of the EGR1 on the AChE gene promoter. We conclude that the EGR1 can upregulate AChE expression by a direct effect on its gene promoter, which may contribute significantly to the changes in cholinergic function in the course of AD. The 3xTg‐AD mouse model only reflects later stage AD.
Broken Windows as Growth Machines: Who Benefits from Urban Disorder and Crime?
Authors: Parker Jeffrey Nathaniel
Published: December 2018

Using interview data from two groups in the Woodlawn neighborhood on Chicago's South Side—mothers of young children and neighborhood merchants—this paper suggests a way of connecting two dominant ways of conceiving of physical disorder in urban spaces, one of which focuses on physical disorder as a root of social disorder and another that focuses on physical disorder as an economic prerequisite for gentrification. Specifically, elites can deploy signs of disorder in moral and reputational terms in the urban political arena to gain economic advantages for themselves. While people in the neighborhood might suffer serious consequences because of their neighborhood's bad reputation and the attendant ecological contamination, elites can exploit it. This new paradigm, in which broken windows enter the service of the growth machine, is called the opportunistic disorder paradigm.
Managing uncertainty in movement knowledge for environmental decisions
Authors: Smith Annabel L. , Kujala Heini , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Guja Lydia K. , Burns Emma L. , Nathan Ran , Alacs Erika , Barton Philip S. , Bau Sana , Driscoll Don A. , Lentini Pia E. , Mortelliti Alessio , Rowe Ross , Buckley Yvonne M.
Published: December 2018

Species’ movements affect their response to environmental change but movement knowledge is often highly uncertain. We now have well‐established methods to integrate movement knowledge into conservation practice but still lack a framework to deal with uncertainty in movement knowledge for environmental decisions. We provide a framework that distinguishes two dimensions of species’ movement that are heavily influenced by uncertainty: knowledge about movement and relevance of movement to environmental decisions. Management decisions can be informed by their position in this knowledge‐relevance space. We then outline a framework to support decisions around (1) increasing understanding of the relevance of movement knowledge, (2) increasing robustness of decisions to uncertainties and (3) improving knowledge on species’ movement. Our decision‐support framework provides guidance for managing movement‐related uncertainty in systematic conservation planning, agri‐environment schemes, habitat restoration and international biodiversity policy. It caters to different resource levels (time and funding) so that species’ movement knowledge can be more effectively integrated into environmental decisions.
Prospective memory slips are associated with forgetting to take glucose‐lowering therapies among adults with diabetes: results from the second Diabetes MILES – Australia (MILES‐2) survey
Authors: Trawley S. , Baptista S. , Pouwer F. , Speight J.
Published: December 2018

Aims

Prospective memory has been long considered a fundamental cognitive ability for optimal medication taking, but the role of prospective memory errors (termed ‘slips’) in diabetes self‐care is unclear. Our aim was to examine associations between prospective memory and medication taking in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Some 901 adults with Type 1 diabetes and 927 with Type 2 diabetes completed a cross‐sectional survey focused on the psychological and behavioural aspects of living with diabetes. Respondents reported whether they had forgotten to take their diabetes medication over the previous 14 days.

Results

Twenty‐four per cent (n = 220) of adults with Type 1 diabetes and 23% (n = 211) with Type 2 diabetes reported that they had forgotten their medication at least once over the previous 14 days. This was associated with more prospective memory slips in adults with Type 1 diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.13; P < 0.001] and Type 2 diabetes (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15; P < 0.001); and with younger age (both groups), insulin pump use (Type 1 diabetes), insulin treatment (Type 2 diabetes), less frequent blood glucose checks (Type 1 diabetes) and higher HbA1c (Type 1 diabetes).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that forgetting medication is relatively common among adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, and provide preliminary evidence for its relationship with self‐reported prospective memory slips.
Père David’s deer gut microbiome changes across captive and translocated populations: Implications for conservation
Authors: Wang Lei , Ding Jingjing , Yang Zhisong , Chen Hua , Yao Ran , Dai Qiang , Ding Yuhua , Zhu Lifeng
Published: December 2018

The gut microbial composition and function are shaped by different factors (e.g., host diet and phylogeny). Gut microbes play an important role in host nutrition and development. The gut microbiome may be used to evaluate the host potential environmental adaptation. In this study, we focused on the coevolution of the gut microbiome of captive and translocated Père David's deer populations (Elaphurus davidianus; Chinese: Père David's deer). To address this, we used several different macro‐ and micro‐ecological approaches (landscape ecology, nutritional methods, microscopy, isotopic analysis, and metagenomics). In this long‐term study (2011–2014), we observed some dissimilarities in gut microbiome community and function between the captive and wild/translocated Dafeng Père David's deer populations. These differences might link microbiome composition with deer diet within a given season. The proportion of genes coding for putative enzymes (endoglucanase, beta‐glucosidase, and cellulose 1,4‐beta‐cellobiosidase) involved in cellulose digestion in the gut microbiome of the captive populations was higher than that of the translocated population, possibly because of the high proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the plants most consumed by the captive populations. However, the two enzymes (natA and natB) involved in sodium transport system were enriched in the gut microbiome in translocated population, possibly because of their high salt diet (e.g., Spartina alterniflora). Thus, our results suggested that Père David's deer gut microorganisms potentially coevolved with host diet, and reflected the local adaptation of translocated population in the new environment (e.g., new dietary plants: Spartina alterniflora). A current problem for Père David's deer conservation is the saturation of captive populations. Given that the putative evolutionary adaptation of Père David's deer gut microbiome and its possible applications in conservation, the large area of wetlands along the Yellow Sea dominated by S. alterniflora might be the major translocation region in the future.
Conservative Politicians and Voting on Same-sex Marriage
Authors: Kauder Björn , Potrafke Niklas
Published: December 2018

We examine whether conservative politicians are less likely to support same-sex marriage when they run for office in safe rather than in contested districts using new data based on a roll-call vote in the national German parliament. The results show that the margin of the majority for the incumbent in the previous election was a strong predictor for supporting same-sex marriage. When the majority increased by a 1 percentage point, the likelihood of voting in favour of same-sex marriage decreased by around 1.3 percentage points. We conjecture that politicians are election-motivated - even when submitting roll-call votes on a matter of conscience.
Dry‐sliding wear behavior of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3‐NbC nanocomposites produced by conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering
Authors: Salem Raphael E. P. , Guitérrez‐González Carlos F. , Borrell Amparo , Salvador Maria Dolores , Chinelatto Adilson L. , Chinelatto Adriana S. A. , Pallone Eliria M. J. A.
Published: December 2018

This work presents the initial results of the dry‐sliding wear behavior of 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia reinforced with 5 vol% alumina‐niobium carbide (3Y‐TZP/5 vol% Al2O3‐NbC) nanocomposites sintered by conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering methods in the temperature range of 1350‐1450°C. The reinforcement of 3Y‐TZP matrix with hard nanoparticles aimed to improve wear strength of the composites. Wear tests were performed by the ball‐on‐disc method using alumina (Al2O3) and tungsten carbide with 6 wt% cobalt cermet (WC‐6%Co) balls as counter‐materials, a load of 15 N, a sliding distance of 2000 m, and a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. Wear behavior was evaluated in terms of wear rate and FE‐SEM micrograph analysis of the wear tracks. The nanocomposite sintered at 1450°C by conventional sintering exhibited the least wear when tested with the WC‐6%Co ball. Generally, the wear mechanism showed evidence of severe wear regime with both counter‐materials.
Sintering behavior of bimodal iron nanopowder agglomerates
Authors: Song Jun‐ll , Lee Geon‐Yong , Hong Eui‐Jin , Lee Carolline S. , Lee Jai‐Sung
Published: December 2018

The most important issue in the processing of nanoscale metal powders is whether the metal nanopowder can be fully consolidated into ultra‐fine‐ or nano‐grained powder metallurgy parts by pressureless sintering. This paper focuses on the sintering behavior of bimodal iron (Fe) nanopowder agglomerates by considering their microstructure and densification kinetics. During the sintering, bimodal Fe nanopowder compacts underwent discontinuous shrinkage behavior until they neared full density. Three contributions to the sintering mechanisms, asymmetric sintering, densification enhancement, and grain growth inhibition, are presented in relation to the effect of bimodal nanopowder structure. Smaller nanoparticles in the bimodal nanopowders, which are predominantly present at the boundaries and interstitial spaces of larger nanoparticles, are responsible for the three mechanisms stated above. This result is strongly supported by the apparent activation energy values ranging from 48.2 to 90.6 kJ/mol, which correspond to the energy for grain‐boundary diffusion in Fe. The experimental results of this study show that bimodal nanopowder agglomerates can be used to produce full density nano‐grained powder metallurgical parts by pressureless sintering.
Hardness of polycrystalline SiO2 coesite
Authors: Kulik Eleonora , Nishiyama Norimasa , Higo Yuji , Gaida Nico A. , Katsura Tomoo
Published: December 2018

We measured elastic moduli and hardness of polycrystalline SiO2 coesite. Translucent polycrystalline bulk coesite with a grain size of about 10 micrometers was fabricated at 8 GPa and 1600°C using a Kawai‐type multianvil apparatus. The obtained bulk and shear moduli are 94(1) and 60.2(3) GPa, respectively. The resulting Vickers and Knoop hardness values are 10.9(7) and 9.6(4) GPa, respectively, at an indentation load of 4.9 N. Coesite is as hard as other fourfold coordinated silica materials such as quartz and densified silica glasses. The hardness values of coesite and the fourfold coordinated silica materials are about one‐third of those of sixfold coordinated silica materials, stishovite, and seifertite, which are the hardest known oxides.
Enhancing Supplier Development: An Efficiency Perspective
Authors: Su Hung‐Chung , Chen Yi‐Su , Kao Ta‐Wei (Daniel)
Published: December 2018

This research identifies the factors that contribute to the buyer's efficiency in utilizing supplier development practices for their supplier's performance. Prior studies support the notion that supplier development practices improve supplier performance; however, very few studies focus on the factors that could improve a buyer'ssupplier development efficiency. Using a survey sample of 261 manufacturing plants from 11 countries, this study shows that relational norms and information sharing affect supplier development efficiency. Furthermore, information sharing by suppliers is more effective than information sharing by buyers in terms of efficiency enhancement.
Effect of atorvastatin on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through suppressing MURC induced by volume overload and cyclic stretch
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Pin , Lo Huey‐Ming , Wang Bao‐Wei , Chua Su‐Kiat , Shyu Kou‐Gi
Published: December 2018

MURC (muscle‐restricted coiled‐coil protein) is a hypertrophy‐related gene. Hypertrophy can be induced by mechanical stress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that MURC mediates hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes under mechanical stress. We used the in vivo model of an aortocaval shunt (AV shunt) in adult Wistar rats to induce myocardial hypertrophy. We also used the in vitro model of cyclic stretch in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to clarify MURC expression and the molecular regulation mechanism. The flexible membrane culture plate seeding with cardiomyocytes Cardiomyocytes seeded on a flexible membrane culture plate were stretched by vacuum pressure to 20% of maximum elongation at 60 cycles/min. AV shunt induction enhanced MURC protein expression in the left ventricular myocardium. Treatment with atorvastatin inhibited the hypertrophy induced by the AV shunt. Cyclic stretch markedly enhanced MURC protein and mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes. Addition of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, ERK small interfering RNA (siRNA), angiotensin II (Ang II) antibody and atorvastatin before stretch, abolished the induction of MURC protein. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that stretch enhanced the DNA binding activity of serum response factor. Stretch increased but MURC mutant plasmid, ERK siRNA, Ang II antibody and atorvastatin reversed the transcriptional activity of MURC induced by stretch. Adding Ang II to the cardiomyocytes also induced MURC protein expression. MURC siRNA and atorvastatin inhibited the hypertrophic marker and protein synthesis induced by stretch. Treatment with atorvastatin reversed MURC expression and hypertrophy under volume overload and cyclic stretch.
Quality of clinical practice guidelines about red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Simancas‐Racines Daniel , Montero‐Oleas Nadia , Vernooij Robin W.M. , Arevalo‐Rodriguez Ingrid , Fuentes Paulina , Gich Ignasi , Hidalgo Ricardo , Martinez‐Zapata Maria José , Bonfill Xavier , Alonso‐Coello Pablo
Published: December 2018

Background

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are essential in health care. The quality of recommendations included in clinical practice guidelines (CPG), regarding this intervention, has not been systematically evaluated. This paper systematically assessed CPGs for RBC‐transfusion, to appraise their methodological quality, to explore changes in quality over time, and to assess the consistency of the hemoglobin threshold (HT) recommendations.

Methods

We searched for CPGs that included recommendations of RBC‐transfusion in generic databases, compiler entities, registries, clearinghouses and guideline developers. Three reviewers extracted data on CPGs characteristics and HT recommendations, independently appraised the quality of the studies using AGREE II and resolved disagreements by consensus.

Results

We examined 16 CPGs. Mean scores (mean ± SD) were: scope and purpose (59.4% ± 19.8%), stakeholder involvement (43.2% ± 22.6%), rigor of development (50% ± 25%), clarity of presentation (74.4% ± 12.6%), applicability (19.4% ± 18.8%), and editorial independence (41% ± 30%). Seven CPGs recommended a restrictive strategy for RBC transfusion; four CPGs gave a guarded statement considering an HT of 7 g/dL, as safe to prescribe an RBC transfusion. Eight CPGs did not provide an HT stating that RBC transfusions should not be prescribed by HT alone.

Conclusions

Only 3 out of the 16 evaluated CPGs were “recommended” by the independent evaluators. Four domains “stakeholder involvement,” “rigor of development,” applicability,” and “editorial independence” had serious shortcomings. Recommendations about the use of an HT for RBC‐transfusion were heterogeneous among guidelines. Greater efforts are needed to provide high‐quality CPGs in the RBC‐transfusion practice.
Visual performance impaired by elevated sedimentary and algal turbidity in walleye Sander vitreus and emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides
Authors: Nieman Chelsey L. , Gray Suzanne M.
Published: December 2018

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different forms of elevated turbidity on the visual acuity of two native Lake Erie fishes and to assess the response of fishes from different trophic levels to elevated turbidity. Additionally, the role of visual morphology (e.g., eye and optic lobe size) on visual acuity was evaluated across visual environments. Reaction distance, a behavioural proxy for measures of visual acuity, was measured for a top predator, walleye Sander vitreus and a forage fish, emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides. In both S. vitreus (n = 27) and N. atherinoides (n = 40) reaction distance across all types of turbidity (sedimentary, algal, sedimentary + algal; 20 NTU) was approximately 50% lower relative to the clear treatment. Reaction distance was further reduced in algal compared with sedimentary turbidity for wild‐caught S. vitreus. Eye and brain morphology also influenced reaction distance across turbidity treatments, such that larger relative eye and brain metrics were positively correlated with reaction distance. This study provides evidence for disrupted visual acuity as a potential mechanism underlying fish responses, such as decreased foraging efficiency, to increased turbidity and further indicates that algal turbidity will probably be more detrimental to visual processes than sedimentary turbidity. With the increasing occurrence and severity of harmful algal blooms due to cultural eutrophication globally, this could have significant implications for predator–prey relationships in aquatic systems.
We see the orange not the lemon: typicality effects in ultra‐rapid categorization in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Carmo Joana C. , Martins Fábio , Pinho Sandra , Barahona‐Correa Bernardo , Ventura Paulo , Filipe Carlos N.
Published: December 2018

Semantic meaning can be extracted from pictures presented very briefly, in the order of tens of milliseconds. This ultra‐rapid categorization processing appears to respect a coarse‐to‐fine path where lower level representations of concepts, or more detailed information, need additional time. We question whether variations in the levels of typicality of the target‐item would implicate additional processing for correct classification, both in neurotypical (NT) individuals and with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research in ASD points out that atypical exemplars of a category might be abnormally processed (e.g., longer times in identifying a penguin as a bird), an observation that we further tested with a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. In this study, we applied a RSVP task, with four different presentation times (13, 27, 50, and 80 ms) and with typical and atypical exemplars to a group of NT individuals and a sample of individuals with ASD. We found, overall, a strong effect of typicality with a higher detection rate for typical items. In addition, we observed a group × typicality × duration interaction. We interpret these findings in the light of the competences of the feedforward sweep of information through our visual system.
Warburg effect in Gynecologic cancers
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Banno Kouji , Kunitomi Haruko , Takahashi Takayuki , Takeda Takashi , Nakamura Kanako , Tsuji Kosuke , Tominaga Eiichiro , Aoki Daisuke
Published: December 2018

Mammalian cells produce energy by oxidative phosphorylation under aerobic conditions. However, in the 1920s, Otto Warburg reported the so‐called “Warburg effect” in which cancer cells produce ATP that is biased toward glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation not only in anaerobic environment but also in aerobic environment. Glucose is converted into lactate without going into mitochondria after being metabolized in glycolysis. Compared with oxidative phosphorylation, the glycolysis has a faster ATP production rate but it is very inefficient, resulting in cancer cells consuming a large amount of glucose. Increased glucose metabolism has become a biomarker for cancer cells and has led to the development of positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose. Till date, the Warburg effect has been an inefficient system for cancer cells with regard to efficient energy production, but since the consumption of oxygen can be suppressed as the tumor grows in mass, it is thought that the Warburg effect is advantageous in this situation wherein the tumor can increase despite the lack of vessels. In addition, an increased lactate by the glycolysis causes acidosis in the microenvironment of tissues, which is thought to damage the surrounding normal tissues and favor the invasion and metastasis of cancer. Thus, Warburg effect is one of the key mechanisms for cancer development and will be the next promising target. In this review, we introduce key players that can be targeted in the Warburg effect and outline the prospects of treatment, targeting the Warburg effect in gynecological cancer.
Papaya extract upregulates the immune and antioxidants‐related genes, and proteins expression in milk somatic cells of Friesian dairy cows
Authors: Abouzed Tarek K. , Sadek Kadry M. , Ayoub Mousa M. , Saleh Ebeed A. , Nasr Sherif M. , El‐Sayed Yasser S. , Shoukry Moustafa
Published: December 2018

Carica papaya is a perennial plant containing bioactive constituents with free radical‐scavenging and immune‐modulating activities. In contrast, the immune suppression is predominant in the periparturient period, where oxidative stress has a substantial impact on the mammary gland health. The aim of the experiment reported here was to determine the potential effect of C. papaya aqueous extract (CPE) on milk production traits, and expression of genes and proteins related to immune and antioxidant status in dairy milk somatic cells (MSCs). Forty Friesian dairy cows were divided equally between a control and CPE‐treated groups (orally drenched 250 µg/kg bwt, once weekly a month before expected parturition and continued until 5 months post‐partum). CPE did not affect milk yield or composition but upregulated the expression of β13‐defensin (DEFB13), cathelicidin 2 (CATHL2), cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CATHL3), hepcidin (HAMP), lysozyme (LYZ), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in MSCs. The environmental micro‐organisms did not influence the levels of the transcripts. The DEFB13, CATHL2, CATHL3, HAMP and LYZ, but not β1‐defensin (DEFB1) transcripts and proteins were constitutively expressed in MSCs obtained from pathogen‐free udders. It could be concluded that CPE has immunostimulant and antioxidant activities; thereby, it could be utilized to minimize the occurrence of mastitis.
A Non‐Gaussian Spatio‐Temporal Model for Daily Wind Speeds Based on a Multi‐Variate Skew‐t Distribution
Authors: Tagle Felipe , Castruccio Stefano , Crippa Paola , Genton Marc G.
Published: December 2018

Facing increasing domestic energy consumption from population growth and industrialization, Saudi Arabia is aiming to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and to broaden its energy mix by expanding investment in renewable energy sources, including wind energy. A preliminary task in the development of wind energy infrastructure is the assessment of wind energy potential, a key aspect of which is the characterization of its spatio‐temporal behavior. In this study we examine the impact of internal climate variability on seasonal wind power density fluctuations over Saudi Arabia using 30 simulations from the Large Ensemble Project (LENS) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Furthermore, a spatio‐temporal model for daily wind speed is proposed with neighbor‐based cross‐temporal dependence, and a multi‐variate skew‐t distribution to capture the spatial patterns of higher‐order moments. The model can be used to generate synthetic time series over the entire spatial domain that adequately reproduce the internal variability of the LENS dataset.
Gnostic Anxieties: Jewish Intellectuals and Weimar Neo‐Marcionism
Authors: Mendes‐Flohr Paul
Published: December 2018

In the wake of World War I and Imperial Germany’s ignominious defeat, a “neo‐gnostic spirit” swept through the intellectual landscape of the fledgling Weimar Republic, threatening to undermine its commitment to liberal democracy. Jews were particularly alarmed by what they perceived to be the political implications of the burgeoning fascination with Gnosticism.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of long clinical course clinically presenting with progressive muscular atrophy
Authors: Matsubara Tomoyasu , Oda Masaya , Takahashi Tetsuya , Watanabe Chigusa , Tachiyama Yoshiro , Morino Hiroyuki , Kawakami Hideshi , Kaji Ryuji , Maruyama Hirofumi , Murayama Shigeo , Izumi Yuishin
Published: December 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) primarily affects upper and lower motor neurons. Phosphorylated trans‐activation response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) inclusion bodies are reportedly a pathological hallmark of sporadic ALS. Here, we present an atypical case of sporadic ALS that progressed very slowly, persisted for 19 years, and clinically appeared to only affect the lower motor neurons; however, upper motor neuron degeneration was detected at autopsy. Furthermore, no inclusion bodies positive for phosphorylated TDP‐43, ubiquitin, fused in sarcoma, or superoxide dismutase‐1 were detected in the central nervous system. We performed exome‐sequencing data analysis but found no genetic disorders. This was therefore an unusual case of lower motor neuron‐predominant ALS without TDP‐43 pathology or known gene‐disease associations. We also reviewed autopsied ALS cases that progressed slowly and had no phosphorylated TDP‐43 or ubiquitin‐positive inclusions and present the clinicopathological features of such cases. Based on these results, there may be a sporadic ALS subgroup that progresses slowly and shows no accumulation of phosphorylated TDP‐43.
Erratum: Molineria jashpurica sp. nov. (Hypoxidaceae) from Central India
Authors: Tiwari Arjun Prasad , Shaikh Mujaffar , Shukla Achuta Nand
Published: December 2018

When first published, the name Molineria jashpurica A.P.Tiwari, Mujaffar & A.N. Shukla was invalid due to an error in the citation of the holotype. The name is validated here by correction of this mistake.
Regulation of intestinal growth in response to variations in energy supply and demand
Authors: Nilaweera K. N. , Speakman J. R.
Published: December 2018

The growth of the intestine requires energy, which is known to be met by catabolism of ingested nutrients. Paradoxically, during whole body energy deficit including calorie restriction, the intestine grows in size. To understand how and why this happens, we reviewed data from several animal models of energetic challenge. These were bariatric surgery, cold exposure, lactation, dietary whey protein intake and calorie restriction. Notably, these challenges all reduced the adipose tissue mass, altered hypothalamic neuropeptide expression and increased intestinal size. Based on these data, we propose that the loss of energy in the adipose tissue promotes the growth of the intestine via a signalling mechanism involving the hypothalamus. We discuss possible candidates in this pathway including data showing a correlative change in intestinal (ileal) expression of the cyclin D1 gene with adipose tissue mass, adipose derived‐hormone leptin and hypothalamic expression of leptin receptor and the pro‐opiomelanocortin gene. The ability of the intestine to grow in size during depletion of energy stores provides a mechanism to maximize assimilation of ingested energy and in turn sustain critical functions of tissues important for survival.
Loose Howe; A North Yorkshire Log Coffin Boat Burial(s) Revisited
Authors: Jones Andy M. , Brunning Richard , Wilkin Neil
Published: December 2018

In 1937 a large barrow in north‐east Yorkshire was excavated by Mrs H. W. and Dr F. Elgee. A primary deposit comprising a ‘canoe’‐shaped log coffin and what were described as two ‘log boats’ or ‘canoes’ was uncovered beneath the mound. The burial did not survive; however, the ‘canoe’‐shaped coffin was found to contain an Early Bronze Age Merthyr Mawr‐type dagger, flints and some hazelnuts. Subsequently, a cremation was inserted into the top of the mound. This was accompanied by a Camerton‐Snowshill‐type dagger, a stone battle axe, a copper alloy pin, an accessory vessel and fragments from a Collared Urn.

As part of a log coffin radiocarbon‐dating project, one of the hazelnuts was radiocarbon‐dated to 2008–1772 cal BC (95.4%) and a fragment of cremated bone from the secondary burial was dated to 1890–1741 cal BC (93.2%). This paper discusses the dating results and reconsiders the interpretation of the log coffin as a boat.
At the birth of pediatric anesthesia in Mexico: An interview with Dr. Estela Melman, a pioneering woman in medicine
Authors: Ahmed Zulfiqar , Mai Christine , Skinner Katherine G. , Yaster Myron
Published: December 2018

Dr. Estela Melman (1939‐present), Professor in the Department of Anesthesiology, the American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico, is an influential pioneer who has shaped the scope and practice of pediatric anesthesia in Mexico and throughout the world. Her early work to reintroduce neural blockade into routine pediatric anesthetic care, particularly the caudal approach to the epidural space, helped to transform current anesthesia practice. Based on a series of interviews held with Dr. Melman between 2016 and 2017, this article reviews the remarkable career of a pioneering pediatric anesthesiologist.
Beyond isohydricity: The role of environmental variability in determining plant drought responses
Authors: Feng Xue , Ackerly David D. , Dawson Todd E. , Manzoni Stefano , McLaughlin Blair , Skelton Robert P. , Vico Giulia , Weitz Andrew P. , Thompson Sally E.
Published: December 2018

Despite the appeal of the iso/anisohydric framework for classifying plant drought responses, recent studies have shown that such classifications can be strongly affected by a plant's environment. Here, we present measured in situ drought responses to demonstrate that apparent isohydricity can be conflated with environmental conditions that vary over space and time. In particular, we (a) use data from an oak species (Quercus douglasii) during the 2012–2015 extreme drought in California to demonstrate how temporal and spatial variability in the environment can influence plant water potential dynamics, masking the role of traits; (b) explain how these environmental variations might arise from climatic, topographic, and edaphic variability; (c) illustrate, through a “common garden” thought experiment, how existing trait‐based or response‐based isohydricity metrics can be confounded by these environmental variations, leading to Type‐1 (false positive) and Type‐2 (false negative) errors; and (d) advocate for the use of model‐based approaches for formulating alternate classification schemes. Building on recent insights from greenhouse and vineyard studies, we offer additional evidence across multiple field sites to demonstrate the importance of spatial and temporal drivers of plants' apparent isohydricity. This evidence challenges the use of isohydricity indices, per se, to characterize plant water relations at the global scale.
No transformation of a fundic gland polyp with dysplasia into invasive carcinoma after 14 years of follow‐up in a proton pump inhibitor‐treated patient: A case report
Authors: Fukuda Masahide , Ishigaki Hirohito , Ban Hiromitsu , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Tanaka Eri , Yonemaru Junpei , Kuroe Shinobu , Namura Tomo , Matsubara Akiko , Moritani Suzuko , Murakami Kazunari , Andoh Akira , Kushima Ryoji
Published: December 2018

A fundic gland polyp (FGP) is a common gastric polyp. Intraepithelial neoplasia in FGPs, referred to as FGP with dysplasia, is often seen in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In sporadic FGPs, low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) is rare, and high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) or carcinoma arising from sporadic FGPs is extremely rare. Because of this rarity, the prognosis and appropriate management of these lesions have not been clarified. In the present case, a sporadic FGP with LGD did not develop into invasive carcinoma, but contained foci of HGD 14 years after diagnosis. The biopsy specimen of the polyp taken at the first esophagogastroduodenoscopy 15 years earlier was diagnosed as FGP without dysplasia. At the second histological examination, LGD was found. Because the polyp increased in size during proton pump inhibitor therapy for 14 years, endoscopic mucosal resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen was FGP with HGD mixed in LGD, with no invasive carcinoma. Dysplasia in FGPs might have less malignant potential regardless of dysplasia or size.
P84 Co-Polyimide-based Tubular Carbon Membrane: Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature
Authors: Sazali N. , Salleh W. N. W. , Arsat N. , Harun Z. , Kadirgama K.
Published: December 2018

In this study, the effect of carbonization temperature on the performance of carbon membrane was being investigated. P84 co-polyimide-based tubular carbon membrane were fabricated through the dip-coating technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by using the thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. CO2, N2, and CH4 pure gas were utilized in determination of the carbon membrane’s permeation attributes. In order to enhance the membrane’s performance, carbonization process was performed in Ar environment; with the flow rate of 200 ml/min. The carbonization process was done at various temperature, namely 600 oC, 700 oC, 800 oC and 900 oC in a constant heating rate of 3 oC/min. The increased in the temperature of carbonization leads to the production of small pores size carbon membrane. Carbon membrane prepared at 800 oC showed the highest CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity of 63.2±5.2 and 61.3±1.7, respectively.
The Relationship Between Biomotoric Properties and Hewitt Test Performance in 13-15 Years Old Tennis Players
Authors: Yapıcı Ayşegül , Akyüz Öznur , Doruk Müşerref
Published: December 2018

Tennis is a sports branch with a lot of coordinated properties. The physical, physiological and motoric properties of the athlete are at optimum level, which influences the stroke performance positively. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between biomotoric properties and Hewitt test performance in 13-15 years old tennis players. 10 healthy female tennis players (age: 14.00±1.05 years, height: 158.60±3.69 cm, weight: 53.57±5.22 kg, experience: 3.40±1.58 years) who played in Pamukkale University tennis club participated in this study voluntarily. In anthropometric measurements height, body weight, leg lengths and dominant hand were recorded. Left and right hand grip, countermovement and squat jumps test, flexibility, standing long jump, static and dynamic balance, star test, Wall Catch coordination test and Hewitt performance test were applied to the tennis players. In the statistical analysis of the data, descriptive analyzes of all test performance characteristics of the tennis players were calculated as mean and standard deviation. The relationships between biomotoric properties and Hewitt test performance were evaluated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Statistically significant correlation was found between Hewitt test (groundstroke performance) and Wall Catch coordination test (r= 0.865; p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between Hewitt test and leg lengths, dominant hand, left-right foot dynamic balance, standing long jump, flexibility, jump performance, left and right hand grip and star tests (p>0.05). As a result, the use of tests with similar movements special to tennis in evaluating the athlete's performance can accurately reflect the athlete's test values.
The Effects of Cognitive Learning and Imagination Training on the Balances of the 14-16 Years Old Handball Players
Authors: Turan Mehmet Behzat , Dişçeken Osman
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of imagination and cognitive learning exercises, which are applied to increase the success of elite handball players, on their balance skills.The research group consists of a total of 36 voluntary male athletes, 18 of which are the control group and 18 of them are the experimental group, aged between 14 and 16, with at least 5 years of sports experience, who have been playing handball in Kayseri Youth Sports Club. For the study group, 8-day, 30-minute cognitive training and imagination study program was applied as two sets per day. No exercise was applied to the control group. Static and dynamic balance tests were applied to all of the participants (study and control group at the beginning and end of the study. According to the results of the analysis performed at the end of the study, a significant difference was found between the post-test results of all balance parameters of the experimental and control groups (p <0.05). When the pre-test and post-test results of the control group were compared, there was a significant difference between the scores of Static, Level8, Level4 and Oscillation CE (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between Level2 and Oscillation OE (p>0.05). When the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group were compared, a significant difference was found between all equilibrium parameters (p<0.05).As the result, it was found that cognitive imagination programs have positive effects on learning the balance skills in handball players under the light of the obtained findings.
Structural characterization of tantalum nitride films as wet etch stop layer in advanced multiwork function metal gate MOSFETs
Authors: Mennell Petra , Parvaneh Hamed , Bayindir Zeynel , Kang Dong Hun , Baumann Frieder , Madan Anita , Bello Abner , Shalini Ashawaraya , Klare Mark
Published: December 2018

As the dimensions of semiconductor devices become smaller, the use of high-k materials as gate oxides has become necessary for controlling gate leakage current. In addition, to achieve higher performance, conventional polysilicon metal gates have been replaced with multistack metal electrodes with engineered work functions. Thus, a suite of devices with different levels of performance and power usage is available. The integration scheme to create such structures involves an additional deposition step and selective wet etching of titanium nitride (TiN) in a complex patterning scheme following the high-k film deposition. Tantalum nitride (TaN) is one of the candidates used as an etch stop layer in a bilayer scheme of TaN/TiN. This prevents any exposure of high-k hafnium oxide (HfO2) gate oxide to wet etch chemistry in the patterning scheme, which could cause damage and/or skimming, resulting in undesirable effects on device characteristics and reliability. In order to accommodate for shrinking trench widths, these bilayer stacks are kept as thin as possible, which makes monitoring the thickness during various patterning steps very challenging. In this study, the authors present an approach to an offline and inline metrology setup. In order to gain insight into basic layer growth and interdiffusion characteristics, they used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. They utilized specular x-ray reflectivity as a first principles method, followed by wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence to gain insight into cross-wafer variation on blanket wafers. The results were then fed into models developed for the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique, which can be used as an inline method to characterize the composition and thickness of the patterned wafers for both as-deposited and postetching.