bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attentional set to safety recruits the ventral medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Yao Shuxia , Qi Song , Kendrick Keith M. , Mobbs Dean
Published: October 2018

Early detection of danger is highly adaptive, yet fast orientation towards safety is also key to survival. This study aimed to explore how human brain searches for safety by manipulating subjects’ attentional set. Subjects were asked to judge random dots motion (RDM) direction and could be shocked for incorrect responses (RDM trials) while keeping alert in detecting shock probability cues (cue detection trials). Relative to safe condition, where attention was set to search cues associated with no shock, incorrect responses to ‘dangerous+’ cues would increase and correct responses to ‘dangerous−’ cues would decrease shock probability. In RDM trials, relative to the ‘dangerous+’, the safe and ‘dangerous−’ attentional set induced stronger activation in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a core region involved in flexible threat assessment and safety signalling. In cue detection trials, shorter response times and greater accuracy were observed for ‘dangerous+’ than ‘dangerous−’ and safe cues. At neural level ‘dangerous+’ cues induced stronger activity in the frontoparietal attention network than safe cues. Overall, our findings demonstrate that attentional set for searching safety recruits the vmPFC, while detection of threat-related cues elicits activity in the frontoparietal attention network, suggesting new roles for these regions in human defensive survival circuitry.
Chronic kidney failure mineral bone disorder leads to a permanent loss of hematopoietic stem cells through dysfunction of the stem cell niche
Authors: Aleksinskaya Marina A. , Monge Matthieu , Siebelt Michiel , Slot Edith M. , Koekkoek Karin M. , de Bruin Ruben G. , Massy Ziad A. , Weinans Harrie , Rabelink Ton J. , Fibbe Willem E. , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , van Pel Melissa
Published: October 2018

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), endothelial injury, is associated with disease progression and an increased risk for cardiovascular complications. Circulating cells with vascular reparative functions are hematopoietic and also reduced in CKD. To explore the mechanistic basis behind these observations, we have investigated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis in a mouse model for non-progressive CKD-mineral and bone disorder with experimentally induced chronic renal failure (CRF). In mice subjected to 12 weeks of CRF, bone marrow HSC frequencies were decreased and transplantation of bone marrow cells from CRF donors showed a decrease in long-term HSC repopulation compared to controls. This loss was directly associated with a CRF-induced defect in the HSC niche affecting the cell cycle status of HSC and could not be restored by the PTH-reducing agent cinacalcet. In CRF, frequencies of quiescent (G0) HSC were decreased coinciding with an increase in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in the S-and G2-phases of cell cycle. Moreover, in CRF mice, HSC-niche supporting macrophages were decreased compared to controls concomitant to impaired B lymphopoiesis. Our data point to a permanent loss of HSC and may provide insight into the root cause of the loss of homeostatic potential in CKD.
Light-induced cargo release from a cucurbit[8]uril host by means of a sequential logic operation
Authors: Romero Miguel A. , Fernandes Rita J. , Moro Artur J. , Basílio Nuno , Pischel Uwe
Published: October 2018

A combination of a chalcone/flavylium photoswitch with a supramolecular host–guest complex that can be used to phototrigger the logically-controlled and selective release of cargo was devised.
Modification of amine-cured epoxy resins by boronic acids based on their reactivity with intrinsic diethanolamine units
Authors: Ito Yumiko , Kida Jumpei , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: October 2018

Amine-cured epoxy polymers were modified after curing, exploiting the reactivity of their intrinsic diethanolamine units toward boronic acids.
Phosphor-doped hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets as effective acid–base bifunctional catalysts for one-pot deacetalization–Knoevenagel cascade reactions
Authors: Zhao Jun , Lin Baining , Zhu Yifan , Zhou Yonghua , Liu Hongyang
Published: October 2018

Phosphor doping creates well-defined Brønsted acid and base sites on h-BN nanosheets, ensuring the smooth proceeding of deacetalization–Knoevenagel cascade reaction.
A trypsin–calcium carbonate hybrid nanosphere based enzyme reactor with good stability and reusability
Authors: Munyemana Jean Claude , He Huixia , Fu Caihong , Wei Wenyu , Tian Jing , Xiao Jianxi
Published: October 2018

Trypsin not only acts as a novel robust biotemplate to mediate the growth of CaCO3 crystals, but also enhances their biological properties as an excellent enzyme.
Structural design considerations of solution-processable graphenes as interfacial materials via a controllable synthesis method for the achievement of highly efficient, stable, and printable planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yeo Jun-Seok , Seo You-Hyun , Jung Chan-Hee , Na Seok-In
Published: October 2018

A polymer–graphene hybrid structure with a controllable synthesis method successfully demonstrates the achievement of efficient, stable, and printable PeSCs.
In situ formation of spherical MoS2 nanoparticles for ultra-low friction
Authors: Hou Kaiming , Han Minmin , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Jinqing , He Yezeng , Yang Shengrong
Published: October 2018

The spherical MoS2 nanoparticles formed through structural evolution under the induction of shear stress can lead to ultra-low friction.
Asymmetric phase-transfer catalysed β-addition of isoxazolidin-5-ones to MBH carbonates
Authors: Capaccio Vito , Zielke Katharina , Eitzinger Andreas , Massa Antonio , Palombi Laura , Faust Kirill , Waser Mario
Published: October 2018

A novel organocatalytic approach for the asymmetric synthesis of α-allylated highly functionalised β-amino acids was developed.
Does the compound hexaaqua-zinc(ii)bis(hydrogensulfate)dihydrate, [Zn(H2O)6](HSO4·H2O)2, really exist?
Authors: Pérez-Benítez Aarón , Bernès Sylvain
Published: October 2018

The structure published for the compound [Zn(H2O)6](HSO4·H2O)2is re-interpreted as being the Tutton double salt [Zn(H2O)6](SO4·NH4)2, known for a long time.
Surface analysis of curved polymeric plates irradiated with proton and ion beams
Authors: Song Young Seok , Kang Chul , Jeong Jiwon , Kim Minji , Lim Eunju
Published: October 2018

The surface properties were investigated of the injection molded parts of polycarbonate substrates after implanting proton and nitrogen ions.
The hydrothermal processing of iron oxides from bacterial biofilm waste as new nanomaterials for broad applications
Authors: Yu Le , Tran Diana N. H. , Forward Peter , Lambert Martin F. , Losic Dusan
Published: October 2018

Large production of crystalline, nanoflower hematite can be achieved under hydrothermal conditions from bacterial biofilm waste.
Host–guest selectivity in a series of isoreticular metal–organic frameworks: observation of acetylene-to-alkyne and carbon dioxide-to-amide interactions
Authors: Humby Jack D. , Benson Oguarabau , Smith Gemma L. , Argent Stephen P. , da Silva Ivan , Cheng Yongqiang , Rudić Svemir , Manuel Pascal , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Saunders Lucy K. , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Whitehead George F. S. , Easun Timothy L. , Lewis William , Blake Alexander J. , Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal J. , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin
Published: October 2018

We report a series of six isoreticular metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for selective gas adsorption, specifically for selective adsorption of CO2 and C2H2.
Extending cycling life of lithium–oxygen batteries based on novel catalytic nanofiber membrane and controllable screen-printed method
Authors: Zhang Xiuling , Fan Wei , Li Hui , Zhao Shuyu , Wang Jiaona , Wang Bin , Li Congju
Published: October 2018

Ru–rGO decorated with a catalytic nanofiber membrane enhanced the cycling stability due to the synergetic effect of the surface and interface.
Active site engineering of Fe- and Ni-sites for highly efficient electrochemical overall water splitting
Authors: Cai Lejuan , Qiu Bocheng , Lin Ziyuan , Wang Yang , Ma Sainan , Wang Mengye , Tsang Yuen Hong , Chai Yang
Published: October 2018

Robust oxygen evolution performance and excellent hydrogen evolution performance were realized by engineering the active Fe sites in Fe-doped Ni2P.
Out of plane stacking of InSe-based heterostructures towards high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices using a graphene electrode
Authors: Gao Wei , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Li Yongtao , Xia Congxin , Du Juan , Zhao Yu , Li Jingbo
Published: October 2018

High current density and excellent optoelectrical performance can be achieved by InSe–graphene and graphene–InSe/WSe2–graphene structures, respectively.
Electrical spectrum synthesis technique using digital pre‐processing and ultra‐broadband electrical bandwidth doubler for high‐speed optical transmitter
Authors: Hamaoka F. , Nakamura M. , Nagatani M. , Wakita H. , Yamazaki H. , Kobayashi T. , Nosaka H. , Miyamoto Y.
Published: October 2018

Proposed is an electrical spectrum synthesis technique that converts low‐speed signals to a high‐speed signal using transmitter‐side digital signal processing (DSP) and an ultra‐broadband electrical bandwidth doubler. The transmitter‐side DSP converts a high‐speed signal to low‐speed upper and lower sideband signals, down‐ and up‐converts the low‐speed signals into baseband signals, and adds and subtracts the in‐phase and the quadrature components of the baseband signals. The digital pre‐processed low‐speed signals output from digital‐to‐analogue converters are multiplexed to the high‐speed signal by the bandwidth doubler, which consists of analogue multiplexers designed and fabricated using in‐house indium phosphide heterojunction bipolar transistor technologies. A 120 GBaud quadrature phase shift keying signal has been successfully generated by using the proposed technique as a demonstration of a high‐speed optical transmitter.
Characterisation of silicon fibre Bragg grating in near‐infrared band for strain and temperature sensing
Authors: Theodosiou A. , Fokine M. , Hawkins T. , Ballato J. , Gibson U.J. , Kalli K.
Published: October 2018

Fibre Bragg grating inscription in the crystalline silicon (Si)‐core fibre is described using visible light femtosecond laser pulses. The femtosecond pulses at 517 nm propagate through the transparent silica glass cladding and are fully absorbed by the Si core generating locally high temperatures and stress fields in forming the grating periods. The Si FBGs were characterised in reflection, calibrated for a first time as strain and temperature sensors and compared with that of FBGs inscribed in standard silica fibres.
Energy storage management strategy in distribution networks utilised by photovoltaic resources
Authors: Azizivahed Ali , Barani Mostafa , Razavi Seyed‐Ehsan , Ghavidel Sahand , Li Li , Zhang Jiangfeng
Published: October 2018

Large penetration of electrical energy storage (EES) units and renewable energy resources in distribution systems can help to improve network profiles (e.g. bus voltage and branch current profiles), and to reduce operational cost as well as power losses. On the other hand, unsecure system operation as a result of involving these units is another challenge to network operators. Therefore, establishing a trade‐off between operational cost and security is very important. This study presents a new approach to determine the optimal charging/discharging schedule of EES units in distribution systems by employing multi‐objective optimisation methods, which will effectively reduce operational cost and enhance distribution network security. In this regard, a voltage stability index (VSI) is converted into a security index to improve the radial network security. This VSI index is treated as a separate objective function, and a multi‐objective strategy is implemented to obtain a set of non‐dominated solutions instead of a single optimal solution, which simultaneously minimise both of the operational cost and security index. In order to assess the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method, it is applied to IEEE standard 33‐bus and 136‐bus distribution test systems, and then the obtained results are compared with those of existing methodologies.
Comparative study of the degradation rate of new and regenerated mineral oils following electrical stress
Authors: Oumert Leila Safiddine , Boucherit Ahmed , Zafour Amel Hadj‐Ziane , Fofana Issouf
Published: October 2018

The objective of this contribution was to study the behaviour of new and regenerated insulating oil used in power transformers under the influence of an electric stress. To estimate the degradation rate of the dielectric fluids, one thousand (1000) successive breakdowns were generated according to the IEC 60156 standard. The parameters such as dissipation factor (Tan δ), resistivity, total acid number (TAN) and oil water content were measured and examined following IEC/ISO standards. Good correlations have been obtained between TAN/resistivity and Tan δ which might provide a ‘picture’ of the fluid condition. The dissolved oxidation products for the two dielectric fluids (after the application of electric breakdowns) was evaluated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The results obtained indicate that the degradation of the parameters is significant and confirms the influence of an alternative electric field (AC) on the new and regenerated oils. It was also suspected that inhibitors and antioxidants were removed from the oil after regeneration. Their concentration should therefore be monitored and replenished when necessary.
Enhanced long‐run incremental cost charging considering the impact of demand response
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Xiuli , Wu Xiong , Li Furong , Cao Chunlian
Published: October 2018

The existing transmission charging methods like long‐run incremental cost give forward‐looking charges which reflect the impact of system congestion on required network investment, but the flexibility of demand is not considered. This study proposes a novel transmission charging method which takes into consideration the demand response (DR). The proposed method could reflect: (1) how DR influences the short‐run congestion management cost and long‐run investment cost; (2) how DR influences the transmission charges. To promote the effect of DR, an approach is proposed to determine the optimal nodes for the implementation of DR based on the available transfer capability and congestion cost. Through the approach, different plans for the implementation of DR will be produced in different demand levels. The optimal node determination approach not only makes DR more targeted for the system congestion but also improves the effect of the proposed transmission charging method. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE 14‐bus system and a practical system in Western China. The results indicate that the proposed charging method can offer consumers with economic incentives to alleviate congestion, especially when the DR implemented on the optimal nodes, and thus delay the network reinforcement investment.
A Presentation of the Kähler Differential Module for a Fat Point Scheme in ℙn1 × … × ℙnk
Authors: Linh Tran N. K. , Guardo Elena , Le Ngoc Long
Published: October 2018

Let 핐 be a fat point scheme in ℙn1 × … × ℙnk over a field K of characteristic zero. In this paper we introduce the multi-graded Kähler differential module for 핐 and we establish a short exact sequence of this module in terms of the thickening of 핐.
The range of a nonatomic vector measure in ℝ3
Authors: Wilczyński Maciej
Published: October 2018

Using the Neyman-Pearson lemma we give a method for finding the range of three nonatomic probability measures. Next we use this result to construct an explicit form of this range in the case, where the densities corresponding to these measures satisfy an additional assumption.
Automatically conducted learning from textually expressed vacationers’ opinions
Authors: Jędrzejec Bartosz , Świder Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

The automatically conducted consumers’ opinions investigation is one of the most interesting potential applications of text analytics. In our study we perform a two steps procedure of learning from the textually expressed reviews concerning hotel services offered by a travel company. In the first stage we accomplish the necessary Extract-Transform-Load process utilizing one of the available web portals and required language resources. In the second stage each of the suitably pre-processed opinions is “linguistically evaluated”, which results in a vector of numeric indicators characterizing its sentiment.
Study of thermogravimetric curves of LD Slag size fractions in oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere and effect of FeO and free lime on weight loss at different temperatures
Authors: Ashrit Shrenivas , Chatti Ravikrishna V. , Nair Udayabhanu G. , Rayasam Venugopal
Published: October 2018

The thermogravimetric (TG) method offers a new approach to the study of the thermal degradation of LD Slag fines, which is a by-product produced in the Tata Steel plant, Jamshedpur during the steel making process. TG curves for LD Slag fines of different particle sizes in oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere from 100 to 900 °C were compared to each other to find the variation in the weight loss. Effect of FeO and free lime on weight loss of LD Slag fines was also discussed. Weight loss in the temperature range of 450–550 °C and then up to 700 °C confirmed the presence of calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium silicate hydrate and calcite in LD Slag fines. Except −6.0 + 2.0 mm LD Slag fines, the weight loss in oxygen atmosphere is more than nitrogen atmosphere for other size fractions. The higher weight loss in nitrogen atmosphere than the oxygen atmosphere was attributed to the decomposition of calcium silicate hydrate and hydrated aluminate phases. Higher free lime values in finer LD Slag fractions than the coarser LD Slag fractions confirmed more volumetric stability of coarser LD Slag size fractions than the finer fractions due to powdering in the cooling process.
Role of Object Imagery in Comprehending Real World Phenomena Attributes
Authors: Fedyaeva Elena , Ivleva Marina
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes the functioning of nouns as paragons of certain attributes characterizing various properties of the real world objects. Humans perceive the objects they see in space as possessing definite inherent attributes (shape or dimension). Perception results in the system of parametric adjectives. However, adjectives denote rather abstract meanings thus possessing a more sophisticated structure of categorial meaning in comparison with nouns. The dimensional nomination by adjectives is “vague”, while nouns can actualize several attributes and create a holistic image. The factual material analysis reveals that: 1) the use of nouns as an “evaluation tool” of the objects’ physical properties is due to the specific human feature to perceive the world primarily in essential, substantial or “objectified” images; 2) object images specify and simplify processing of the incoming data by cognitive structures; 3) object imagery is one of the tools to conceptualize spatial properties of the objects; 4) linguistic representation of object imagery is culture specific and depends on a grammatical structure of a given language conditioned by its historical development; 5) the English language is characterized by frequent direct nominal representation of an idea in contrast with the same idea being expressed by a simile in Russian.
Media Education in Conditions of Visual Turn: European and Russian Experience
Authors: Kiuru Konstantin , Simakova Svetlana
Published: October 2018

The present article covers the study of changing of approaches to media education in the conditions of visual turn. The most relevant problems are: preparation of a human to adequate perception and processing of information flow; increasing of audience’s critical thinking; teaching a human different methods of working with information; perfecting of self-development skills in the conditions of media system that become more complicated. Certain changes have occurred in media consumption in the recent years: modern audience prefers visual content. Therefore, it is necessary to change the model of media education. The present article justifies the importance of the semiotic model of media education. Documents relating to problems of studying of the experience of formation and modern development of media education in Europe and in Russia, and documentation provided by educational institutions have become the material for the present study. The trends in media education stipulated by visual turn have been pointed out.
Friendliness in Russian linguistic worldview
Authors: Ryzhkova Tatyana
Published: October 2018

This paper is regarded in the framework of anthropological linguistics and is devoted to the study of the notion of friendliness. Friendliness is defined as friendly disposition or friendly attitude of a person in relation to other people. The paper emphasizes valuable dominants of a friendly attitude – kindness, benevolence, disposition and sympathy. The results of free association experiment allowed the author to generalize ideas about the notion of friendliness among native speakers and describe the image of a friendly person in the Russian linguistic worldview. Friendliness can be manifested by verbal and nonverbal means of communication that reflect positive and good-minded communication style. The paper discusses vocal expressions, lexical means of language, facial expressions, gestures, actions that are regarded as manifestations of friendliness. It is worth noting that the addressee experiences a wide range of positive emotions dealing with manifestations of friendly attitude. The research emphasizes that friendliness is highly valued in the Russian-speaking culture. The results of this paper contribute to the study of the linguistic image of a friendly person as a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview.
Metaphorical Blends (Case Study of Metaphorization of Concept BOOK)
Authors: Berezhnykh Natalia , Sivtseva Natalia , Skopintseva Tatiana , Kontrimovich Assia
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the mechanism of creating metaphor in the context of the theory of conceptual integration. A particular emphasis is laid on the basic theses of the theory of conceptual metaphor and the theory of conceptual integration. The comparison of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphor and G. Fauconnier and M. Turner’s theory of conceptual integration is carried out. The analysis of the examples of metaphorical mapping of the concept BOOK is conducted and three conceptual metaphors of the given concept (the target domain) are defined. Each conceptual metaphor is described, the input spaces, generic and blended spaces are defined. The integrated roles and emergent properties and structures are determined and explained.
Diachronic Analysis of English Syntax in Relation to Newspaper Style
Authors: Khakimova Alina I.
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to the study of diachronic syntax in the Economist magazine at the level of composite and semi-composite sentences. The purpose of this research is to study functioning and interaction of composite and semi-composite sentences in modern English newspaper style, as well as identifying trends in the development of syntactic structures. Additionally, problems of definition, form and semantics, criteria of classification of composite and semi-composite sentences were identified. The relevance of this study is justified by the fact that there is no sufficiently clear and complete picture of English newspaper style syntax as the studies are mainly based on the texts belonging to belles-lettres style
Features of Identity of the Population of Afghanistan
Authors: Ladygina Olga
Published: October 2018

The issues of identity of the population of Afghanistan, which is viewed as a complex self-developing system with the dissipative structure are studied in the article. The factors influencing the development of the structure of the identity of the society of Afghanistan, including natural and geographical environment, social structure of the society, political factors, as well as the features of the historically established economic and cultural types of the population of Afghanistan, i.e. the Pashtuns and Tajiks are described. The author of the article compares the mental characteristics of the bearers of agriculture and the culture of pastoralists and nomads on the basis of description of cultivated values and behavior stereotypes. The study of the factors that influence the formation of the identity of the Afghan society made it possible to justify the argument about the prevalence of local forms of identity within the Afghan society. It is shown that the prevalence of local forms of identity results in the political instability. Besides, it constrains the process of development of national identity and articulation of national idea which may ensure the society consolidation. The relevance of such studies lies in the fact that today one of the threats of Afghanistan is the separatist sentiments coming from the ethnic political elites, which, in turn, negatively affects the entire political situation in the region and can lead to the implementation of centrifugal scenarios in the Central Asian states.
Ancestral Home of Indo-Aryan Peoples and Migration of Iranian Tribes to Southeastern Europe
Authors: Mukhidinov Saydali
Published: October 2018

The article attempts to clarify and analyze the opinions, hypotheses, ideas and assumptions of scientists studying the issues of ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan peoples from the historical, archaeological and linguistic points of view. The Eastern European localization of the ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan peoples in Southeastern Europe and their migration is considered in the article. The territory of Central Asia was occupied by the Iranian nationalities in the beginning of the historical period (VII-VI centuries BC): Bactrians, Sogdians, Khorezmians, Parthians, Saka tribes. The analysis of relict phenomena in the languages and culture of modern population of Central Asia, in particular the population of the Pamirs, shows the presence of an ancient Indo-Aryan layer. In this case, a specific convergence is identified, which is precisely oriented on the ancient Indian tradition. At the same time, even more ancient traces associated with the pre-Indo-Iranian population of Central Asia are revealed. The substrate layer played a huge role in the genesis of the culture, ideology and ethnos of the most ancient Iranian-speaking population of Central Asia. It had a huge impact on the establishment of its social and economic basis.
Der Einfluss toxischer Metalle auf den Darm
Authors: Huesker Katrin , von Baehr Volker
Published: October 2018

Eine intakte Darmschleimhaut ist Voraussetzung für die effiziente Mineralstoffresorption. Toxische Metalle aus Luft, Nahrung, Wasser und Zahnersatz hemmen die Resorption ebenso wie eine exzessive Zufuhr essenzieller Mineralstoffe. Auch bei normwertigen Mineralstoffspiegeln kann ein funktioneller Mangel vorliegen, weil toxische Metalle die lebensnotwendigen Mineralien aus ihren Bindungsstellen verdrängen. Toxische Metalle können neben lokalen Entzündungen auch systemisch Effekte mit Symptomen wie Fatigue und Depression auslösen. Zudem schädigt metallinduzierter oxidativer Stress die Darmschleimhaut, deren Barrierefunktion in Folge abnimmt. Beim Leaky-gut-Syndrom wird die Schleimhaut durchlässig für Fremdstoffe und Toxine, gleichzeitig ist die Resorption von Mikronährstoffen beeinträchtigt. Eine gesunde intestinale Mikrobiota kann zur Entgiftung toxischer Metalle beitragen.
Dekompressive Kraniektomie: Ergebnisse einer frührehabilitativen Förderung sechs Monate nach schwerem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
Authors: Lippert-Gruener Marcela , Wedekind Christoph
Published: October 2018

Fragestellung Die Frage, ob die dekompressive Kraniektomie nach fehlgeschlagener konservativer Behandlung zu einer wesentlichen Verbesserung der Prognose der schwer hirnverletzten Patienten beitragen kann konnte in der Literatur bisher nicht einheitlich beantwortet werden.

Material und Methoden Bei 15 schwer Schädel-Hirn-Verletzten mit therapie-resistenter Hirndrucksteigerung wurde nach fehlgeschlagener konservativer Behandlung eine dekompressive Kraniektomie durchgeführt. Alle Überlebenden erhielten eine multimodal orientierte, komplexe und wohnortnahe Frührehabilitation mit einer durchschnittlichen Therapiedauer von 3 Monaten. Im Rahmen einer Kohorten-Beobachtungsstudie wurde die Follow up Untersuchung 6 Monate nach Trauma durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Das Behandlungsergebnis war mit einem GOS Median von 3 Punkten und einer Sterblichkeitsrate von 33%. insgesamt ungünstig. Der Barthel Index lag im Mittelwert bei 46,5 Punkten die FIM bei einem Mittelwert von 67,5 Punkten.

Diskussion Der Prozentsatz konservativ behandelter Patienten, die mit einem guten Outcome zu rechnen haben liegt in der Literatur meist noch schlechter als bei unserem Kollektiv, wo allerdings auch nur 3 von 15 Patienten eine vollständige Unabhängigkeit in den Verrichtungen des täglichen Lebens erreichen konnten. Keiner der Patienten erlangte die Berufsfähigkeit wieder.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz einer intensiven Frührehabilitation bleibt das Behandlungsergebnis von kraniektomierten Patienten nach einem schweren SHT ungünstig.
Straightforward Synthesis of Triester-Substituted Pyrrolizidines by a Three-Component Reaction of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Keto Esters, Proline, and Maleates
Authors: Chen Lian-Mei , Kang Tai-Ran , Liu Zhi-Hui , Nie Xu-Feng , Guo Xiao-Qiang
Published: October 2018

A three-component reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters, proline, and dialkyl maleates has been developed. This reaction provides pyrrolizidine derivatives containing three ester groups and a styrenyl group, as well as a quaternary center, in moderate to good yields and with good to excellent diastereoselectivities.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection Caused by Enterococcus gallinarum in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Clark Kacie , Maka Deborah
Published: October 2018

Enterococcus gallinarum is a common colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract that expresses intrinsic vancomycin resistance. This case report describes an E. gallinarum ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection in a pediatric patient. A 4-year-old female patient presented with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures from a VP shunt significant for E. gallinarum. The patient received ampicillin and synergistic gentamicin. She completed a total of 16 days of therapy following 2 weeks of negative CSF and blood cultures with full clinical cure of infection. The patient was successfully treated following a 2-week course of antibiotics. Awareness of Enterococcus species with intrinsic vancomycin resistance should be increased.
Safety of Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel after Prehospital Initiation of Treatment
Authors: Bergmeijer Thomas , van Oevelen Mathijs , Janssen Paul , Godschalk Thea , Lichtveld Robert , Kelder Johannes , Voskuil Michiel , Mosterd Arend , Montalescot Gilles , ten Berg Jurriën
Published: October 2018

Objectives The objective of this registry was to study the safety of prehospital initiation of ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel.

Background Ticagrelor has replaced clopidogrel in many hospitals as the routinely used antiplatelet drug in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Nevertheless, in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial, ticagrelor was associated with an increase in non-CABG (non–coronary artery bypass grafting)-related major bleeding. Data comparing the safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel after prehospital initiation of treatment are not available.

Methods A retrospective, multicenter registry was performed. Selection criteria were the administration of a prehospital loading dose of ticagrelor or clopidogrel according to the ambulance STEMI treatment protocol and the presentation to a percutaneous coronary intervention–capable hospital in our region between January 2011 and December 2012. Follow-up was performed using the electronic patient files for the time period between the antiplatelet loading dose and hospital discharge. The data were analyzed using a primary bleeding end point (any bleeding) and a secondary thrombotic end point (all-cause mortality, spontaneous myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, stroke, or transient ischemic attack).

Results Data of 304 clopidogrel-treated and 309 ticagrelor-treated patients were available for analysis. No significant difference in bleeding rate was observed between both groups, using univariate (17.8 vs. 20.1%; p = 0.47; odds ratio, 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.74]) and multivariate (p = 0.42) analysis. Also for the secondary thrombotic end point (6.3 vs. 4.9%, p = 0.45), no significant differences were observed.

Conclusion In this real-world registry, no significant differences in bleeding or thrombotic event rate were found between ticagrelor and clopidogrel after prehospital initiation of treatment.
Obstetric Outcomes among Syrian Refugees: A Comparative Study at a Tertiary Care Maternity Hospital in Turkey
Authors: Ozel Sule , Yaman Selen , Kansu-Celik Hatice , Hancerliogullari Necati , Balci Nurgul , Engin-Ustun Yaprak
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze and compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between Syrian refugees and ethnic Turkish women.

Methods Retrospective, observational study. A total of 576 Syrian refugees and 576 ethnic Turkish women were included in this study, which was conducted between January 2015 and December 2015 at a tertiary maternity training hospital in Ankara, Turkey. The demographic characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared. The primary outcomes were pregnancy outcomes and cesarean rates between the groups

Results The mean age was significantly lower in the refugee group (p < 0.001). Mean gravidity, proportion of adolescent pregnancies, proportion of pregnant women aged 12 to 19 years, and number of pregnancies at < 18 years were significantly higher among the refugee women (p < 0.001). Rates of antenatal follow-up, double testing, triple testing, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening, and iron replacement therapy were significantly lower in the refugee group (p < 0.001). The primary Cesarean section rate was significantly lower in the refugee group (p = 0.034). Pregnancies in the refugee group were more complicated, with higher rates of preterm delivery (< 37 weeks), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and low birth weight (< 2,500 g) when compared with the control group (4.2% versus 0.7%, p < 0.001; 1.6% versus 0.2%, p = 0.011; and 12% versus 5.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). Low education level (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5–0.1), and weight gain during pregnancy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.5–0.1) were found to be significant indicators for preterm birth/PPROM and low birthweight.

Conclusion Syrian refugees had increased risks of certain adverse obstetric outcomes, including preterm delivery, PPROM, lower birth weight, and anemia. Several factors may influence these findings; thus, refugee women would benefit from more targeted care during pregnancy and childbirth.
Anomalous magnetic and transport properties of InSb(Mn) crystals near metal-insulator transition
Authors: Obukhov S. A. , Makarova T. L. , Lahderanta E. , Zakharchuk I. A. , Panysheva T. Yu.
Published: October 2018

In Mn-doped InSb single crystals an unusual, for nonmagnetic semiconductors, dependence on manganese concentration have been revealed for magnetization, conductivity, magnetoresistance and the Hall effect in the range NMn= (1÷2)×1017cm-3. Noticeable low temperature magnetization increase was observed at NMn≈1×1017cm-3. Strong correlation between magnetization, specific resistivity, Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) and the Hall constant as a function of manganese concentration in InSb(Mn) was revealed on the insulating side of the metal-insulator transition at Ncr=2×1017cm-3 and at temperature below 10K. Simultaneously, an onset of ferromagnetic-like response in the magnetic moment measurements of p-InSb(Mn) at NMn≤Ncr= 2×1017 cm-3 was registered. This experimental evidence fits the pattern of triplet excitons switching off from conductivity and demonstrates weak magnetic ordering. The coincidence in transport, magnetotransport properties of p-InSb(Mn) and uniaxially stressed p-InSb(Ge) crystals puts forward the idea that the unusual InSb(Mn) properties could be related to Jahn-Teller distortions caused by Mn.
Quantifying structural dynamic heterogeneity in a dense two-dimensional equilibrium liquid
Authors: Das Tamoghna , Douglas Jack F.
Published: October 2018

We investigate local structural fluctuations in a model equilibrium fluid with the aim of better understanding the structural basis of locally heterogeneous dynamics identified in recent simulations and experimental studies of glass-forming liquids and other strongly interacting particle systems, such as lipid membranes, dusty plasmas, interfacial dynamics of crystals, the internal dynamics of proteins, etc. In particular, we utilize molecular dynamics simulation methods to study a single component Lennard-Jones condensed material at constant temperature in two dimensions over a range of densities covering both liquid and crystalline phase regimes. We identify three distinct structural classes of particles by examining the immediate neighborhood of individual particles relying on a solid-angle based tessellation technique. The area distribution of the neighborhoods reveals cages having hexagonal, pentagonal, and square symmetries. Pentagonal cells appear to be the predominant motif in the liquid phase, while the solid phase is dominated by hexagonal cells, as in the case of a perfect crystal. An examination of the spatial organization of particles belonging to each structural class further indicates that finite-size clusters of the hexagonal and pentagonal particle populations arise within both liquids and solids, and the size of these clusters grows in a complementary way as a function of density. Both particle populations form percolation clusters in the liquid-crystal coexistence regime. Interestingly, the populations of particles with different local structures, defined by the arrangement of neighboring particles, are found to maintain different diffusivities, as computed from the velocity autocorrelation function for each type of particle for all densities studied. Our analysis provides a new conceptual framework for understanding the structural origin of dynamical heterogeneity in soft materials.
X-ray spectrometer throughput model for (selected) flat Bragg crystal spectrometers on laser plasma facilities
Authors: Thorn D. B. , Coppari F. , Döppner T. , MacDonald M. J. , Regan S. P. , Schneider M. B.
Published: October 2018

At large laser faculties, such as OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility (NIF), x-ray spectrometers are provided by the facility to diagnose plasma conditions or monitor backlighters. Often the calibration of these spectrometers is unknown or out of date. As a remedy to this situation, we present a simple ray trace method to calibrate flat crystal spectrometers using only basic information regarding the optical design of the spectrometer. This model is then used to output photometric throughput estimates, dispersion, solid angle, and spectral resolution estimates. This model is applied to the mono angle crystal spectrometer and Super Snout I at the NIF and the X-Ray Spectrometer at the OMEGA laser facility.
Spiking patterns and synchronization of thalamic neurons along the sleep-wake cycle
Authors: Holmgren Hopkins Noah , Sanz-Leon Paula , Roy Dibyendu , Postnova Svetlana
Published: October 2018

Spiking patterns and synchronization dynamics of thalamic neurons along the sleep-wake cycle are studied in a minimal model of four coupled conductance-based neurons. The model simulates two thalamic neurons coupled via a gap junction and driven by a synaptic input from a two-neuron model of sleep regulation by the hypothalamus. In accord with experimental data, the model shows that during sleep, when hypothalamic wake-active neurons are silent, the thalamic neurons discharge bursts of spikes. During wake, the excitatory synaptic input from the hypothalamus drives the coupled thalamic neurons to a state of tonic firing (single spikes). In the deterministic case, the thalamic neurons synchronize in-phase in the bursting regime but demonstrate multi-stability of out-of-phase, in-phase, and asynchronous states in the tonic firing. However, along the sleep-wake cycle, once the neurons synchronize in-phase during sleep (bursting), they stay synchronized in wake (tonic firing). It is thus found that noise is needed to reproduce the experimentally observed transitions between synchronized bursting during sleep and asynchronous tonic firing during wake. Overall, synchronization of bursting is found to be more robust to noise than synchronization of tonic firing, where a small disturbance is sufficient to desynchronize the thalamic neurons. The model predicts that the transitions between sleep and wake happen via chaos because a single thalamic neuron exhibits chaos between regular bursting and tonic activity. The results of this study suggest that the sleep- and wake-related dynamics in the thalamus may be generated at a level of gap junction-coupled clusters of thalamic neurons driven from the hypothalamus which would then propagate throughout the thalamus and cortex via axonal long-range connections.
Anisotropy in the electronic transport properties of Weyl semimetal WTe2 single crystals
Authors: Jha Rajveer , Onishi Shota , Higashinaka Ryuji , Matsuda Tatsuma D. , Ribeiro Raquel A. , Aoki Yuji
Published: October 2018

We measure the electrical resistivity ρ of type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2 using high-quality single crystals for the current I along the a and b crystallographic directions in rotating magnetic fields in the plane perpendicular to the current direction. In zero field, ρ exhibits huge anisotropy and the ratio ρb/ρa develops with decreasing temperature approaching ∼30 at T = 0. A low-T power-law behavior of ρ∝Tn with n = 2.7-2.9 may reflect the characteristic carrier scattering mechanism, probably associated with the strongly T-dependent mobilities, which lead to the sign change in the Hall resistivity. In the Kohler plot, the magnitude of the transverse magnetoresistance (MR) differs by more than two orders of magnitude depending on the I- and B-directions. It also shows clear deviation of MR from the B2 dependence for all the configurations. No singular directions (magic angles) appear in the rotating B measurements.
Charge susceptibility and conductances of a double quantum dot
Authors: Talbo V. , Lavagna M. , Duong T. Q. , Crépieux A.
Published: October 2018

We calculate the charge susceptibility and the linear and differential conductances of a double quantum dot coupled to two metallic reservoirs both at equilibrium and when the system is driven away from equilibrium. This work is motivated by recent progress in the realization of solid state spin qubits. The calculations are performed by using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function technique. In the noninteracting case, we give the analytical expression for the electrical current and deduce from there the linear conductance as a function of the gate voltages applied to the dots, leading to a characteristic charge stability diagram. We determine the charge susceptibility which also exhibits peaks as a function of gate voltages. We show how the study can be extended to the case of an interacting quantum dot.
Gate-tunable graphene-organic interface barrier for vertical transistor and logic inverter
Authors: Parui Subir , Ribeiro Mário , Atxabal Ainhoa , Bairagi Kaushik , Zuccatti Elisabetta , Safeer C. K. , Llopis Roger , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E.
Published: October 2018

One of the key requirements for efficient organic-electronic devices is the creation of a negligible energy barrier for carrier injection at the metal-organic interface. Here, a graphene-organic interface with an almost negligible energy barrier is demonstrated in a high-performance hybrid heterojunction device. The gate-tunable current-voltage characteristics show that the electronic transport can be tuned from an interface-limited to a bulk-dominated regime by lowering the graphene-organic interface energy barrier. N-type transistors with a PTCDI-C8 organic thin film as an active layer provide an ON-OFF current ratio of ∼107, while similar p-type transistors with a CuPc molecular layer reach an ON-OFF current ratio of ∼105. Furthermore, logic inverters with standby current as low as ∼1 pA are demonstrated using a combination of both n- and p-type transistors.
Particle-scale statistical theory for hydrodynamically induced polar ordering in microswimmer suspensions
Authors: Hoell Christian , Löwen Hartmut , Menzel Andreas M.
Published: October 2018

Previous particle-based computer simulations have revealed a significantly more pronounced tendency of spontaneous global polar ordering in puller (contractile) microswimmer suspensions than in pusher (extensile) suspensions. We here evaluate a microscopic statistical theory to investigate the emergence of such an order through a linear instability of the disordered state. For this purpose, input concerning the orientation-dependent pair-distribution function is needed, and we discuss the corresponding approaches, particularly a heuristic variant of the Percus test-particle method applied to active systems. Our theory identifies an inherent evolution of polar order in planar systems of puller microswimmers, if mutual alignment due to hydrodynamic interactions overcomes the thermal dealignment by rotational diffusion. In our theory, the cause of orientational ordering can be traced back to the actively induced hydrodynamic rotation–translation coupling between the swimmers. Conversely, disordered pusher suspensions remain linearly stable against homogeneous polar orientational ordering. We expect that our results can be confirmed in experiments on (semi-)dilute active microswimmer suspensions, based, for instance, on biological pusher- and puller-type swimmers.
Data clustering based on Langevin annealing with a self-consistent potential
Authors: Lafata Kyle , Zhou Zhennan , Liu Jian-Guo , Yin Fang-Fang
Published: October 2018

This paper introduces a novel data clustering algorithm based on Langevin dynamics, where the associated potential is constructed directly from the data. To introduce a self-consistent potential, we adopt the potential model from the established Quantum Clustering method. The first step is to use a radial basis function to construct a density distribution from the data. A potential function is then constructed such that this density distribution is the ground state solution to the time-independent Schrödinger equation. The second step is to use this potential function with the Langevin dynamics at subcritical temperature to avoid ergodicity. The Langevin equations take a classical Gibbs distribution as the invariant measure, where the peaks of the distribution coincide with minima of the potential surface. The time dynamics of individual data points lead to different metastable states, which are interpreted as cluster centers. Clustering is therefore achieved when subsets of the data aggregate—as a result of the Langevin dynamics for a moderate period of time—in the neighborhood of a particular potential minimum. While the data points are pushed towards potential minima by the potential gradient, Brownian motion allows them to effectively tunnel through local potential barriers and escape saddle points into locations of the potential surface otherwise forbidden. The algorithm’s feasibility is first established based on several illustrating examples and theoretical analyses, followed by a stricter evaluation using a standard benchmark dataset.