bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Pre-Emptive Managed Retreat: Constraints and Novel Insights
Authors: Lawrence Judy , Boston Jonathan , Bell Robert , Olufson Sam , Kool Rick , Hardcastle Matthew , Stroombergen Adolf
Published: July 2020

Purpose of Review

Managed retreat will be inevitable where other adaptation options, such as protective structures or building restrictions, provide only temporary respite or are otherwise uneconomic, technically impractical or both. Here, we focus on the implementation of pre-emptive managed retreat, providing examples of how it can be sequenced, socialised and given the governance enablers necessary for implementation.

Recent Findings

Ongoing sea-level rise during the twenty-first century and beyond poses huge adaptation challenges, especially for low-lying coastal and floodplain settlements. Settlements are already functionally disrupted from repetitive non-extreme flooding and research shows that sea-level rise will impact far more people, far sooner than previously thought, as more powerful storms, heavy rainfall and rising groundwater coincide with higher tides. To date, most examples of managed retreat have been post-disaster responses following damage and disruption. Pre-emptive managed retreat, by contrast, has yet to become a well-accepted and widely practised adaptation response. Nevertheless, there are increasing examples of research and practice on how pre-emptive managed retreat can be designed, sequenced and implemented alongside other forms of adaptation within anticipatory forms of governance.

The current state of knowledge about managed retreat is reviewed and critical insights and lessons for governance and policy-making are given. Several novel examples from New Zealand are presented to address some of the implementation gaps. Goals and principles are enunciated to inform long-term adaptation strategies.
Electrodeposited Sulfur and CoxS Electrocatalyst on Buckypaper as High-Performance Cathode for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhan Yi , Buffa Andrea , Yu Linghui , Xu Zhichuan J. , Mandler Daniel
Published: July 2020

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered as the next generation of advanced rechargeable batteries because of their high energy density. In this study, sulfur and CoxS electrocatalyst are deposited on carbon nanotube buckypaper (S/CoxS/BP) by a facile electrodeposition method and are used as a binder-free high-performance cathode for LSBs. Elemental sulfur is deposited on buckypaper by electrooxidation of a polysulfide solution (~ S62−). This approach substantially increased the current and time efficiency of sulfur electrochemical deposition on conductive material for LSBs. S/CoxS/BP cathode could deliver an initial discharge capacity as high as 1650 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, which is close to the theoretical capacity of sulfur. At current rate of 0.5 C, the S/CoxS/BP has a capacity of 1420 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and 715 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with a fading rate of 0.099% per cycle. The high capacity of S/CoxS/BP is attributed to both the homogeneous dispersion of nanosized sulfur within BP and the presence of CoxS catalyst. The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pretreatment of BP renders it polarity to bind polysulfides and thus facilitates the good dispersibility of nanosized sulfur within BP. CoxS catalyst accelerates the kinetics of polysulfide conversion and reduces the presence of polysulfide in the cathode, which suppresses the polysulfide diffusion to anode, i.e., the shuttle effect. The mitigation of the active material loss improves not only the capacity but also the cyclability of S/CoxS/BP.

Graphic Abstract
Parents’ experiences and use of parenting resources during the transition to parenthood
Authors: Sanders Rachael , Lehmann Jennifer , Gardner Fiona
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to report on new parents’ experiences of using the available range of parenting resources that help to guide parenting choices and practices. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, 30 participants were asked about their engagement with parenting resources. The types of resources considered most salient to the participants of this study in Victoria, Australia, included professional services, peers, family and friends, and written material. On the whole, these parents valued expert opinion when they encountered problems but experienced a level of frustration when they did not ‘feel heard’ by professionals or when faced with mixed messages. While they reported some resistance to overt advice offered by family and friends, especially if the information was considered ‘out-dated’, they relied heavily on informal advice and support from peers, even if this was supported only by anecdotal evidence.
Predicting human design decisions with deep recurrent neural network combining static and dynamic data
Authors: Rahman Molla Hafizur , Yuan Shuhan , Xie Charles , Sha Zhenghui
Published: July 2020

Computational modeling of the human sequential design process and successful prediction of future design decisions are fundamental to design knowledge extraction, transfer, and the development of artificial design agents. However, it is often difficult to obtain designer-related attributes (static data) in design practices, and the research based on combining static and dynamic data (design action sequences) in engineering design is still underexplored. This paper presents an approach that combines both static and dynamic data for human design decision prediction using two different methods. The first method directly combines the sequential design actions with static data in a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, while the second method integrates a feed-forward neural network that handles static data separately, yet in parallel with RNN. This study contributes to the field from three aspects: (a) we developed a method of utilizing designers’ cluster information as a surrogate static feature to combine with a design action sequence in order to tackle the challenge of obtaining designer-related attributes; (b) we devised a method that integrates the function–behavior–structure design process model with the one-hot vectorization in RNN to transform design action data to design process stages where the insights into design thinking can be drawn; (c) to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that two methods of combining static and dynamic data in RNN are compared, which provides new knowledge about the utility of different combination methods in studying sequential design decisions. The approach is demonstrated in two case studies on solar energy system design. The results indicate that with appropriate kernel models, the RNN with both static and dynamic data outperforms traditional models that only rely on design action sequences, thereby better supporting design research where static features, such as human characteristics, often play an important role.
TILTING THEORY FOR GORENSTEIN RINGS IN DIMENSION ONE
Authors: BUCHWEITZ RAGNAR-OLAF , IYAMA OSAMU , YAMAURA KOTA
Published: July 2020

In representation theory, commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, it is an important problem to understand when the triangulated category$\mathsf{D}_{\operatorname{sg}}^{\mathbb{Z}}(R)=\text{}\underline{\mathsf{CM}}_{0}^{\mathbb{Z}}R$admits a tilting (respectively, silting) object for a$\mathbb{Z}$-graded commutative Gorenstein ring$R=\bigoplus _{i\geqslant 0}R_{i}$. Here$\mathsf{D}_{\operatorname{sg}}^{\mathbb{Z}}(R)$is the singularity category, and$\text{}\underline{\mathsf{CM}}_{0}^{\mathbb{Z}}R$is the stable category of$\mathbb{Z}$-graded Cohen–Macaulay (CM)$R$-modules, which are locally free at all nonmaximal prime ideals of$R$.

In this paper, we give a complete answer to this problem in the case where$\dim R=1$and$R_{0}$is a field. We prove that$\text{}\underline{\mathsf{CM}}_{0}^{\mathbb{Z}}R$always admits a silting object, and that$\text{}\underline{\mathsf{CM}}_{0}^{\mathbb{Z}}R$admits a tilting object if and only if either$R$is regular or the$a$-invariant of$R$is nonnegative. Our silting/tilting object will be given explicitly. We also show that if$R$is reduced and nonregular, then its$a$-invariant is nonnegative and the above tilting object gives a full strong exceptional collection in$\text{}\underline{\mathsf{CM}}_{0}^{\mathbb{Z}}R=\text{}\underline{\mathsf{CM}}^{\mathbb{Z}}R$.
Marsupials (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Brule Formation (Whitneyan, Oligocene) North Dakota
Authors: Korth William W. , Boyd Clint A. , Emry Robert J. , Person Jeff J.
Published: July 2020

Five marsupial species are recognized from the Brule Formation at two localities in southwestern North Dakota: Fitterer Ranch and Obritsch Ranch (middle Oligocene; Whitneyan North American Land Mammal Age [NALMA]). The herpetotheriidsHerpetotherium fugaxCope, 1873a,Copedelphys superstesnew species, and the peradectidNanodelphys hunti(Cope, 1873b) are represented at both localities. A fourth species isH. sp., cf.H.merriami(Stock and Furlong, 1922), represented by a single specimen from Fitterer Ranch, being limited elsewhere to the later Arikareean NALMA. A fifth species is represented by two isolated lower cheek teeth, interpreted as m1s, from Fitterer Ranch that are unique in lacking a trigonid (only two cusps present) while having a well-developed talonid. These specimens are referred to an indeterminate herpetotheriine species. The new species ofCopedelphysis distinct from other species of the genus in that the anterior two lower molars are enlarged relative to the posterior molars. Overall, this new species is more similar in proportions to the latest Eocene (Chadronian)C.titanelix(Matthew, 1903) than the Oligocene (Orellan and Whitneyan)C.stevensoni(Cope, 1873b). This study adds a third and fourth Whitneyan marsupial fauna from the Great Plains region of North America, increases the known diversity of Whitneyan marsupials, and provides further evidence that marsupial diversity during the late Paleogene in North America was relatively stable until the late early Arikareean NALMA.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/b8534802-b9ed-4120-baca-fc72917f7d6a
Collaborative production networks among unequal actors
Authors: Muñoz-Herrera Manuel , Dijkstra Jacob , Flache Andreas , Wittek Rafael
Published: July 2020

We develop a model of strategic network formation of collaborations to analyze the consequences of an understudied but consequential form of heterogeneity: differences between actors in the form of their production functions. We also address how this interacts with resource heterogeneity, as a way to measure the impact actors have as potential partners on a collaborative project. Some actors (e.g., start-up firms) may exhibit increasing returns to their investment into collaboration projects, while others (e.g., established firms) may face decreasing returns. Our model provides insights into how actor heterogeneity can help explain well-observed collaboration patterns. We show that if there is a direct relation between increasing returns and resources, start-ups exclude mature firms and networks become segregated by types of production function, portrayingdominant grouparchitectures. On the other hand, if there is an inverse relation between increasing returns and resources, networks portraycore-peripheryarchitectures, where the mature firms form a core and start-ups with low-resources link to them.
Dietary betaine intake is associated with skeletal muscle mass change over 3 years in middle-aged adults: the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study
Authors: Long Jing-An , Zhong Rong-Huan , Chen Si , Wang Fan , Luo Yun , Lu Xiao-Ting , Yishake Dinuerguli , Chen Yu-Ming , Fang Ai-Ping , Zhu Hui-Lian
Published: July 2020

A higher dietary intake or serum concentration of betaine has been associated with greater lean body mass in middle-aged and older adults. However, it remains unknown whether betaine intake is associated with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). We assessed the association between dietary betaine intake and relative changes in SMM after 3 years in middle-aged adults. A total of 1242 participants aged 41–60 years from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study 2011–2013 and 2014–2017 with body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were included. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect general baseline information. After adjustment for potential confounders, multiple linear regression found that energy-adjusted dietary betaine intake was significantly and positively associated with relative changes (i.e. percentage loss or increase) in SMM of legs, limbs and appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) over 3 years of follow-up (β 0·322 (se 0·157), 0·309 (se 0·142) and 0·303 (se 0·145), respectively; P < 0·05). The ANCOVA models revealed that participants in the highest betaine tertile had significantly less loss in SMM of limbs and ASMI and more increase in SMM of legs over 3 years of follow-up, compared with those in the bottom betaine tertile (all Ptrend < 0·05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that elevated higher dietary betaine intake may be associated with less loss of SMM of legs, limbs and ASMI in middle-aged adults.
TRANSFORMINGARMA VIRVMQVE: SYNTACTICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND METRICAL DIS-MEMBRA-MENT IN STATIUS’THEBAID
Authors: Dalton Helen E.B.
Published: July 2020

Arma uirumque cano… ‘Je chante les armes et l'homme …’ ainsi commence l’Énéide, ainsi devrait commencer toute poésie.

It is far from an overstatement to make the claim that in the surviving corpus of Latin poetry no phrase is more immediately identifiable than the pronouncement of the Virgilian narrator on the ‘arms and the man’ of his subject matter. The presence ofarma uirumquein a particular formation cannot fail to put us in mind of theAeneidand its concomitant ideological associations. A consequence of the epic's centrality as a canonical text was the emergence in antiquity ofarma uirumqueas a synecdochic quotation for the work as a whole and, as such, for the figure of the poet himself. This transformation was further actuated by the ancient practice of ascribing titular authority to a poem's incipit, ensuring that arms and the man took on especial resonance. Even within theAeneid, self-referential intratextual play with the Virgilian utterance can be detected. Furthermore, in post-Augustan verse, Fowler argues thatarmaalone is always loaded in a metaliterary fashion, serving as an identifying marker for Virgil's epic or, more broadly, for epic in general. This was so marked a phenomenon that the opening word of the poem was recycled and reworked by Ovid around a decade after the compositional beginnings of theAeneid, in the first book of theAmores, in what formed an announcement of the redeployment of epicarmainto the elegiac world ofmilitia amoris(Am. 1.1–2).
COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Authors: Smet Stijn
Published: July 2020

When adjudicating religious disputes, constitutional courts often resort to a particular discursive register. The notions ‘tolerance’ and ‘respect’ are an integral part of this religion-specific constitutional register. But what do judges mean when they deploy the language of tolerance and respect? And what substantive role, if any, do both notions play in the constitutional interpretation of religious freedom? This article seeks to answer these conceptual and substantive questions by comparing constitutional case law on religious freedom from India, Israel and the United States. It also provides linkages to ongoing processes of (alleged) constitutional retrogression in the three jurisdictions.
Assessing the African Union's 2016–19 Human Rights Action Planning Process: Embracing, and De-Coupling from, the Conventional “Ideal”
Authors: Okafor Obiora , Miyawa Maxwel , Bawa Sylvia , Odumosu-Ayanu Ibironke
Published: July 2020

This article assesses the African Union's planning process regarding the development of the African Human Rights Action Plan (AHRAP) against the dominant or conventional “ideal” or model of human rights action planning. It examines the extent to which the AU's process followed or departed from the conventional model, the strengths and weaknesses of the AU human rights action planning process, and the lessons scholars and policymakers have learned about more effective and more locally responsive human rights action planning. In doing so, the article sequentially addresses the following specific themes: human rights action planning as a concept and its essential elements; the key characteristics and features of the conventional “ideal” human rights action planning process; and the extent to which the AU plan conformed to or departed from this conventional process, and its import. It also teases out some key insights and lessons learnt (in terms of strengths and weaknesses) in respect of the AHRAP planning process.
The Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Hospital for Diseases of the Throat, Ear and Nose (1886–1947): its formation, rise and demise
Authors: Bradley P J
Published: July 2020

Background

The Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Hospital for Diseases of the Throat, Ear and Nose existed in Nottingham for over 60 years, but there is little knowledge or documentation regarding its existence.

Methods

The following resources were searched to find out more about the hospital: the Nottinghamshire Archives; Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham Libraries; and Nottingham Central Library. Information was also obtained from the founders’ relatives.

Results

The hospital was founded in 1886, by Dr Donald Stewart, supported by political and clerical leaders. Initially, it treated out-patients only; in-patients were admitted for surgical treatment from 1905. Suitable accommodation was purchased in 1925, on Goldsmith Street, but required much building extension and alteration. Building restrictions during and following World War II prevented expansion. The National Hospital Survey conducted in 1945 considered the clinical work undertaken to be of a minor character, and recommended closure and amalgamation with the services provided by the Nottingham General Hospital. The hospital closed in 1947.

Conclusion

The specialist hospital was deemed unfit and unsuitable to compete with the comprehensive service provided by the Nottingham General Hospital.
Engineering Value: The Transandine Railway and the ‘Techno-Capital’ State in Chile at the End of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Harvey Kyle E.
Published: July 2020

By the end of the nineteenth century, railway expansion had led to the formation of a technocratic bureaucracy in Chile and other countries in Latin America. Central to this formation were the engineers who oversaw and regulated both public and private railways. Recently, historians have begun to re-examine engineers’ roles in this period. By employing methods and theoretical framings from the history of technology, this article argues that engineering was an important framework through which state–capital relations evolved, making engineers pivotal actors in the evolution of political economy at the time.
Panic at the disco: solar-powered strobe light barriers reduce field incursion by African elephantsLoxodonta africanain Chobe District, Botswana
Authors: Adams Tempe S. F. , Mwezi Isaiah , Jordan Neil R.
Published: July 2020

Managing interactions between humans and wild elephants is a complex problem that is increasing as a result of agricultural and urban expansion into and alongside protected areas. Mitigating negative interactions requires the development of new tools to reduce competition and promote coexistence. Many studies have tested various mitigation techniques across elephant ranges in Africa and Asia, with varying levels of success. Recently, strobe lights have been suggested as a potential mitigation strategy in deterring African lionsPanthera leofrom kraals or bomas, but this technique has to date not been tested to reduce negative human–elephant interactions. Over a 2-year period (November 2016–June 2018), we tested the effectiveness of solar-powered strobe light barriers in deterring African elephantsLoxodonta africana, in collaboration with 18 farmers in a community adjacent to the Chobe Forest Reserve and Chobe National Park in northern Botswana. Although elephants were more likely to pass by fields with solar-powered strobe light barriers (which was probably a result of selection bias as we focused on fields that had previously been damaged by elephants), they were less likely to enter these treatment fields than control fields without such barriers. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of light barriers to reduce negative human–elephant interactions in rural communities.
The Origin of Romano-British Glass Bangles: Forgotten Artefacts from the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age
Authors: Ivleva Tatiana
Published: July 2020

This article reviews the emergence and development of Romano-British glass bangles in southern Britain by providing a fresh analysis of finds that also considers recent theoretical and historical advances in interpreting the transition from the late Iron Age to the Roman period. By analysing the emergence of bangles in terms of technological and stylistic transfer, it suggests that the technology used in their production and their visual elements have continental lineage. It also situates bangles amid indigenous developments in bodily adornments in southern Britain beforea.d. 43. By reconnecting British bangles with their continental European counterparts and contextualising them within political, social and cultural processes in south-western England during the late pre-Roman Iron Age, the article argues that the emergence of bangles in Britain did not occur in a vacuum after the Claudian invasion ina.d. 43 but formed an integral part of globalising networks of cross-Channel trade and connections with the European mainland in the early first centurya.d.
“Detaching” Courts from Local Politics? Assessing the Judicial Centralization Reforms in China
Authors: Wang Yueduan
Published: July 2020

The local party-state has always been a major source of extrajudicial influence in China. Drawing on interviews with judges, this article examines the impact of Xi Jinping's ambitious judicial centralization reforms, which are aimed at enhancing judicial autonomy by transferring authority over local court personnel and finances from local to provincial level. It finds that the reforms have achieved limited results. Although many appointment and budgetary powers were formally transferred to the provincial level, the local party-state retains considerable influence in both areas owing to its superior manpower, local knowledge and, in the case of developed regions, financial resources. Moreover, the local party-state maintains significant informal influence over the courts, which require many forms of discretionary assistance from various state organs – ranging from appropriating land for new courthouses to providing police protection for remote tribunals – in order to function. This setback highlights the depth and complexity of the courts’ political and economic embeddedness and serves as a reminder of the inherent difficulty of institutionalizing judicial autonomy, however limited, in a large and diverse party-state.
Investigating walnut consumption and cognitive trajectories in a representative sample of older US adults
Authors: Bishop Nicholas J , Zuniga Krystle E
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Existing research suggests walnut intake may be associated with better cognitive function in older adults, yet few studies utilise longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing populations. Our objective was to estimate the association between whole walnut intake and cognitive change in a representative sample of older Americans.

Design:

Secondary analysis of the Health and Retirement Study and Health Care and Nutrition Study. Walnut consumption was defined as a categorical measure (none, low intake (0·01–0·08 1 oz. servings per day) and moderate intake (>0·08 1 oz. servings per day)) and cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Latent growth modelling estimated the association between walnut consumption and trajectories of cognitive status over a 4-year observational period. Sensitivity analyses assessing non-random dropout and Monte Carlo power analyses were conducted to contextualise results.

Setting:

The USA.

Participants:

A sample of 3632 US adults aged 65 years and older.

Results:

Those reporting any walnut consumption had greater cognitive scores at baseline than those not consuming walnuts (low walnut consumption, b = 1·53, se = 0·21, P < 0·001; moderate walnut consumption, b = 2·22, se = 0·27, P < 0·001), but walnut consumption was not associated with cognitive change. Walnut consumption was positively associated with socioeconomic status and health behaviours as well as intake of nutrients identified to have neuroprotective benefits.

Conclusions:

We identified an association between walnut consumption and cognitive function in older adults, although we did not find that walnut consumption was protective against age-related cognitive decline.
GAME MODEL FOR ONLINE AND OFFLINE RETAILERS UNDER BUY-ONLINE AND PICK-UP-IN-STORE MODE WITH DELIVERY COST AND RANDOM DEMAND
Authors: OUYANG YING , WAN ZHAOMAN , WAN ZHONG
Published: July 2020

Online retailers are increasingly adding buy-online and pick-up-in-store (BOPS) modes to order fulfilment. In this paper, we study a system of BOPS by developing a stochastic Nash equilibrium model with incentive compatibility constraints, where the online retailer seeks optimal online sale prices and an optimal delivery schedule in an order cycle, and the offline retailer pursues a maximal rate of sharing the profit owing to the consignment from the online retailer. By an expectation method and optimality conditions, the equilibrium model is first transformed into a system of constrained nonlinear equations. Then, by a case study and sensitivity analysis, the model is validated and the following practical insights are revealed. (I) Our method can reliably provide an equilibrium strategy for the online and offline retailers under BOPS mode, including the optimal online selling price, the optimal delivery schedule, the optimal inventory and the optimal allocation of profits. (II) Different model parameters, such as operational cost, price sensitivity coefficient, cross-sale factor, opportunity loss ratio and loss ratio of unsold goods, generate distinct impacts on the equilibrium solution and the profits of the BOPS system. (III) Optimization of the delivery schedule can generate greater consumer surplus, and makes the offline retailer share less sale profit from the online retailer, even if the total profit of the BOPS system becomes higher. (IV) Inventory subsidy is an indispensable factor to improve the applicability of the game model in BOPS mode.
Primary care community engagement – delivery of an enhanced and brief homogeneous group TF-CBT intervention for trauma from a single-incident road traffic accident: a case study
Authors: Skilbeck Lilian , Spanton Christopher
Published: July 2020

The main current intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adult primary care is individual trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). Group TF-CBT for PTSD has been advocated in order to improve access and cost. Barriers to the development of group TF-CBT include the need for a large number of sessions and therapist input in order to manage high levels of affect, possible dissociation and secondary traumatisation. This case study was prompted via our community engagement project when local women who had been involved in a single road traffic accident requested group therapy. The aim was to develop a NICE guideline-compliant brief 8-session group TF-CBT intervention that circumvented the above-mentioned barriers and is described in detail. In order to improve access, the group was delivered in the community. Standard and PTSD-specific measures were administered pre-therapy and post-therapy. Eight clients were offered treatment: two dropped out and six completed treatment. At the end of treatment, 3/6 clients attained reliable improvement in their PTSD symptoms. Two of these three clients also reached recovery. This change was maintained at 3-month follow-up where 4/6 clients attained reliable improvement, with three maintaining recovery. The remaining two clients showed minimal change in their PTSD symptoms. Overall, clients reported high-level satisfaction with the treatment protocol. This case study demonstrates a potentially clinically effective and cost-effective group TF-CBT intervention for non-complex single-incident PTSD.

Key learning aims

It is hoped that the reader of this case study will increase their understanding of the following:

(1)

Use of a brief group TF-CBT protocol to treat homogeneous single incident trauma in adults.

(2)

Adaptations to overcome barriers to group TF-CBT in adults.

(3)

Implementation of individualised reliving based on written-narrative rather than spoken-narrative.

(4)

Focus on the processes of PTSD, whilst using content as a theme to contextualise the symptoms.

(5)

Emphasis on the use of homework in order to enhance group affect-modulation and individual learning.
Staying Quiet or Speaking Out: Does Peer Reporting Depend on the Type of Counterproductive Work Behavior Witnessed?
Authors: Bowling Nathan A. , Lyons Brian D. , Burns Gary N.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Peer reporting, which occurs when employees report the occurrence of coworkers’ counterproductive work behavior (CWB) to organizational authorities, may help management detect CWBs that would otherwise be overlooked. We examined whether peer reporting depends on two CWB characteristics identified by Robinson and Bennett [(1995) A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 555–572]: (a) the target of the CWB and (b) the severity of the CWB. Specifically, we hypothesized that witnesses are more likely to report CWBs targeting individuals than CWBs targeting the organization and that they are more likely to report serious CWBs than minor CWBs. Using a diversely employed sample ( N participants = 139; N observations = 3451), we found support for the hypothesized effects of CWB severity, but not for the hypothesized effects of CWB target.
Monitoring Intense Oceanic Fronts Using Sea Surface Roughness: Satellite, Airplane, and In Situ Comparison
Authors: Rascle Nicolas , Chapron Bertrand , Molemaker Jeroen , Nouguier Frédéric , Ocampo‐Torres Francisco J. , Osuna Cañedo J. Pedro , Marié Louis , Lund Björn , Horstmann Jochen
Published: July 2020

Sea surface roughness is affected by surface current gradients, which provides a means of monitoring from satellite sharp oceanic fronts. This paper is the second report of an experiment designed to compare observations of sea surface roughness and surface currents at an unprecedented accuracy, owing to the conjunction of numerous deployed drifters and roughness instruments. About 200 drifters sampled a thin 10 km elongated submesoscale front, also monitored by a high density of roughness instruments: satellite synthetic aperture radar, satellite, and airborne multiangle sunglint radiometers. The first paper focused on the retrieval of the current gradient direction (convergence and cyclonic vorticity) at the front, using roughness observations at multiple angle from airplane. This second paper focuses on the retrieval of the current gradient magnitude and scale, using roughness observations at different scales, from airplane and from satellite. Two main results are obtained: (i) Trajectories of selected drifters show that the front is only 50 m wide and unambiguously exhibits convergence and cyclonic vorticity up to 100f (with f the Coriolis frequency). This far exceeds previously documented values for submesoscale deep ocean fronts. (ii) Correct estimation of such extreme current gradients using surface roughness hinges on instruments with sufficiently high spatial resolution. Lower‐resolution roughness sensors can still detect the front, as demonstrated from observations and a simplified model, but cannot properly estimate the current gradient magnitude and the frontal width. Those results provide guidelines for monitoring intense current gradients from space using sea surface roughness.
On Modeling of Quad‐Polarization Radar Scattering From the Ocean Surface With Breaking Waves
Authors: Zhang Biao , Zhao Xiaolu , Perrie William , Kudryavtsev Vladimir
Published: July 2020

Accurate estimates of microwave radar returns based on theoretical electromagnetic scattering models are of great benefit to obtain insight into the microwave scattering mechanism at the ocean surface. In this study, quad‐polarized radar backscatters from the regular ocean surface (no breaking waves) are first simulated using a composite surface Bragg model and a second‐order small slope approximation model, using three different surface roughness spectral models. The copolarized and cross‐polarized radar backscatters, induced by breaking waves, are then quantitatively estimated using two recent empirical models, which are dependent on incidence angles, wind speeds, and wind directions. Model‐simulated total radar backscatters, from regular surface waves and breaking waves, are statistically compared with measurements from spaceborne C‐band quad‐polarization RADARSAT‐2 synthetic aperture radar and also calculations from copolarized and cross‐polarized geophysical model functions. Results show that simulations of quad‐polarization radar backscatter are significantly improved when the effects of breaking waves are incorporated, especially for HH and VH polarizations.
A unified connectomic target for deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Li Ningfei , Baldermann Juan Carlos , Kibleur Astrid , Treu Svenja , Akram Harith , Elias Gavin J. B. , Boutet Alexandre , Lozano Andres M. , Al-Fatly Bassam , Strange Bryan , Barcia Juan A. , Zrinzo Ludvic , Joyce Eileen , Chabardes Stephan , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Polosan Mircea , Kuhn Jens , Kühn Andrea A. , Horn Andreas
Published: July 2020

Multiple surgical targets for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been proposed. However, different targets may modulate the same neural network responsible for clinical improvement. We analyzed data from four cohorts of patients (N = 50) that underwent DBS to the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), the nucleus accumbens or the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The same fiber bundle was associated with optimal clinical response in cohorts targeting either structure. This bundle connected frontal regions to the STN. When informing the tract target based on the first cohort, clinical improvements in the second could be significantly predicted, and vice versa. To further confirm results, clinical improvements in eight patients from a third center and six patients from a fourth center were significantly predicted based on their stimulation overlap with this tract. Our results show that connectivity-derived models may inform clinical improvements across DBS targets, surgeons and centers. The identified tract target is openly available in atlas form.
Silencing hepatic MCJ attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by increasing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Barbier-Torres Lucía , Fortner Karen A. , Iruzubieta Paula , Delgado Teresa C. , Giddings Emily , Chen Youdinghuan , Champagne Devin , Fernández-Ramos David , Mestre Daniela , Gomez-Santos Beatriz , Varela-Rey Marta , de Juan Virginia Gutiérrez , Fernández-Tussy Pablo , Zubiete-Franco Imanol , García-Monzón Carmelo , González-Rodríguez Águeda , Oza Dhaval , Valença-Pereira Felipe , Fang Qian , Crespo Javier , Aspichueta Patricia , Tremblay Frederic , Christensen Brock C. , Anguita Juan , Martínez-Chantar María Luz , Rincón Mercedes
Published: July 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the next major health epidemic with an estimated 25% worldwide prevalence. No drugs have yet been approved and NAFLD remains a major unmet need. Here, we identify MCJ (Methylation-Controlled J protein) as a target for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced phase of NAFLD. MCJ is an endogenous negative regulator of the respiratory chain Complex I that acts to restrain mitochondrial respiration. We show that therapeutic targeting of MCJ in the liver with nanoparticle- and GalNAc-formulated siRNA efficiently reduces liver lipid accumulation and fibrosis in multiple NASH mouse models. Decreasing MCJ expression enhances the capacity of hepatocytes to mediate β-oxidation of fatty acids and minimizes lipid accumulation, which results in reduced hepatocyte damage and fibrosis. Moreover, MCJ levels in the liver of NAFLD patients are elevated relative to healthy subjects. Thus, inhibition of MCJ emerges as an alternative approach to treat NAFLD.
Strain engineering of two-dimensional multilayered heterostructures for beyond-lithium-based rechargeable batteries
Authors: Xiong Pan , Zhang Fan , Zhang Xiuyun , Wang Shijian , Liu Hao , Sun Bing , Zhang Jinqiang , Sun Yi , Ma Renzhi , Bando Yoshio , Zhou Cuifeng , Liu Zongwen , Sasaki Takayoshi , Wang Guoxiu
Published: July 2020

Beyond-lithium-ion batteries are promising candidates for high-energy-density, low-cost and large-scale energy storage applications. However, the main challenge lies in the development of suitable electrode materials. Here, we demonstrate a new type of zero-strain cathode for reversible intercalation of beyond-Li+ ions (Na+, K+, Zn2+, Al3+) through interface strain engineering of a 2D multilayered VOPO4-graphene heterostructure. In-situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal a reversible intercalation mechanism of cations in the 2D multilayered heterostructure with a negligible volume change. When applied as cathodes in K+-ion batteries, we achieve a high specific capacity of 160 mA h g−1 and a large energy density of ~570 W h kg−1, presenting the best reported performance to date. Moreover, the as-prepared 2D multilayered heterostructure can also be extended as cathodes for high-performance Na+, Zn2+, and Al3+-ion batteries. This work heralds a promising strategy to utilize strain engineering of 2D materials for advanced energy storage applications.
Heterophase fcc-2H-fcc gold nanorods
Authors: Fan Zhanxi , Bosman Michel , Huang Zhiqi , Chen Ye , Ling Chongyi , Wu Lin , Akimov Yuriy A. , Laskowski Robert , Chen Bo , Ercius Peter , Zhang Jian , Qi Xiaoying , Goh Min Hao , Ge Yiyao , Zhang Zhicheng , Niu Wenxin , Wang Jinlan , Zheng Haimei , Zhang Hua
Published: July 2020

The crystal phase-based heterostructures of noble metal nanomaterials are of great research interest for various applications, such as plasmonics and catalysis. However, the synthesis of unusual crystal phases of noble metals still remains a great challenge, making the construction of heterophase noble metal nanostructures difficult. Here, we report a one-pot wet-chemical synthesis of well-defined heterophase fcc-2H-fcc gold nanorods (fcc: face-centred cubic; 2H: hexagonal close-packed with stacking sequence of “AB”) at mild conditions. Single particle-level experiments and theoretical investigations reveal that the heterophase gold nanorods demonstrate a distinct optical property compared to that of the conventional fcc gold nanorods. Moreover, the heterophase gold nanorods possess superior electrocatalytic activity for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction over their fcc counterparts under ambient conditions. First-principles calculations suggest that the boosted catalytic performance stems from the energetically favourable adsorption of reaction intermediates, endowed by the unique heterophase characteristic of gold nanorods.
The induction and function of the anti-inflammatory fate of TH17 cells
Authors: Xu Hao , Agalioti Theodora , Zhao Jun , Steglich Babett , Wahib Ramez , Vesely Maria Carolina Amezcua , Bielecki Piotr , Bailis Will , Jackson Ruaidhri , Perez Daniel , Izbicki Jakob , Licona-Limón Paula , Kaartinen Vesa , Geginat Jens , Esplugues Enric , Tolosa Eva , Huber Samuel , Flavell Richard A. , Gagliani Nicola
Published: July 2020

TH17 cells exemplify environmental immune adaptation: they can acquire both a pathogenic and an anti-inflammatory fate. However, it is not known whether the anti-inflammatory fate is merely a vestigial trait, or whether it serves to preserve the integrity of the host tissues. Here we show that the capacity of TH17 cells to acquire an anti-inflammatory fate is necessary to sustain immunological tolerance, yet it impairs immune protection against S. aureus. Additionally, we find that TGF-β signalling via Smad3/Smad4 is sufficient for the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, in TH17 cells. Our data thus indicate a key function of TH17 cell plasticity in maintaining immune homeostasis, and dissect the molecular mechanisms explaining the functional flexibility of TH17 cells with regard to environmental changes.
Comprehensive structure-function characterization of DNMT3B and DNMT3A reveals distinctive de novo DNA methylation mechanisms
Authors: Gao Linfeng , Emperle Max , Guo Yiran , Grimm Sara A. , Ren Wendan , Adam Sabrina , Uryu Hidetaka , Zhang Zhi-Min , Chen Dongliang , Yin Jiekai , Dukatz Michael , Anteneh Hiwot , Jurkowska Renata Z. , Lu Jiuwei , Wang Yinsheng , Bashtrykov Pavel , Wade Paul A. , Wang Gang Greg , Jeltsch Albert , Song Jikui
Published: July 2020

Mammalian DNA methylation patterns are established by two de novo DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, which exhibit both redundant and distinctive methylation activities. However, the related molecular basis remains undetermined. Through comprehensive structural, enzymology and cellular characterization of DNMT3A and DNMT3B, we here report a multi-layered substrate-recognition mechanism underpinning their divergent genomic methylation activities. A hydrogen bond in the catalytic loop of DNMT3B causes a lower CpG specificity than DNMT3A, while the interplay of target recognition domain and homodimeric interface fine-tunes the distinct target selection between the two enzymes, with Lysine 777 of DNMT3B acting as a unique sensor of the +1 flanking base. The divergent substrate preference between DNMT3A and DNMT3B provides an explanation for site-specific epigenomic alterations seen in ICF syndrome with DNMT3B mutations. Together, this study reveals distinctive substrate-readout mechanisms of the two DNMT3 enzymes, implicative of their differential roles during development and pathogenesis.
Pair density wave at high magnetic fields in cuprates with charge and spin orders
Authors: Shi Zhenzhong , Baity P. G. , Terzic J. , Sasagawa T. , Popović Dragana
Published: July 2020

In underdoped cuprates, the interplay of the pseudogap, superconductivity, and charge and spin ordering can give rise to exotic quantum states, including the pair density wave (PDW), in which the superconducting (SC) order parameter is oscillatory in space. However, the evidence for a PDW state remains inconclusive and its broader relevance to cuprate physics is an open question. To test the interlayer frustration, the crucial component of the PDW picture, we perform transport measurements on charge- and spin-stripe-ordered La1.7Eu0.2Sr0.1CuO4 and La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 in perpendicular magnetic fields (H⊥), and also with an additional field applied parallel to CuO2 layers (H∥). We detect several phenomena predicted to arise from the existence of a PDW, including an enhancement of interlayer SC phase coherence with increasing H∥. These data also provide much-needed transport signatures of the PDW in the regime where superconductivity is destroyed by quantum phase fluctuations.
Stable machine-learning parameterization of subgrid processes for climate modeling at a range of resolutions
Authors: Yuval Janni , O’Gorman Paul A.
Published: July 2020

Global climate models represent small-scale processes such as convection using subgrid models known as parameterizations, and these parameterizations contribute substantially to uncertainty in climate projections. Machine learning of new parameterizations from high-resolution model output is a promising approach, but such parameterizations have been prone to issues of instability and climate drift, and their performance for different grid spacings has not yet been investigated. Here we use a random forest to learn a parameterization from coarse-grained output of a three-dimensional high-resolution idealized atmospheric model. The parameterization leads to stable simulations at coarse resolution that replicate the climate of the high-resolution simulation. Retraining for different coarse-graining factors shows the parameterization performs best at smaller horizontal grid spacings. Our results yield insights into parameterization performance across length scales, and they also demonstrate the potential for learning parameterizations from global high-resolution simulations that are now emerging.
The ataxin-1 interactome reveals direct connection with multiple disrupted nuclear transport pathways
Authors: Zhang Sunyuan , Williamson Nicholas A. , Duvick Lisa , Lee Alexander , Orr Harry T. , Korlin-Downs Austin , Yang Praseuth , Mok Yee-Foong , Jans David A. , Bogoyevitch Marie A.
Published: July 2020

The expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract form of ataxin-1 drives disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Although known to form distinctive intranuclear bodies, the cellular pathways and processes that polyQ-ataxin-1 influences remain poorly understood. Here we identify the direct and proximal partners constituting the interactome of ataxin-1[85Q] in Neuro-2a cells, pathways analyses indicating a significant enrichment of essential nuclear transporters, pointing to disruptions in nuclear transport processes in the presence of elevated levels of ataxin-1. Our direct assessments of nuclear transporters and their cargoes confirm these observations, revealing disrupted trafficking often with relocalisation of transporters and/or cargoes to ataxin-1[85Q] nuclear bodies. Analogous changes in importin-β1, nucleoporin 98 and nucleoporin 62 nuclear rim staining are observed in Purkinje cells of ATXN1[82Q] mice. The results highlight a disruption of multiple essential nuclear protein trafficking pathways by polyQ-ataxin-1, a key contribution to furthering understanding of pathogenic mechanisms initiated by polyQ tract proteins.
Oculomotor freezing reflects tactile temporal expectation and aids tactile perception
Authors: Badde Stephanie , Myers Caroline F. , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit , Carrasco Marisa
Published: July 2020

The oculomotor system keeps the eyes steady in expectation of visual events. Here, recording microsaccades while people performed a tactile, frequency discrimination task enabled us to test whether the oculomotor system shows an analogous preparatory response for unrelated tactile events. We manipulated the temporal predictability of tactile targets using tactile cues, which preceded the target by either constant (high predictability) or variable (low predictability) time intervals. We find that microsaccades are inhibited prior to tactile targets and more so for constant than variable intervals, revealing a tight crossmodal link between tactile temporal expectation and oculomotor action. These findings portray oculomotor freezing as a marker of crossmodal temporal expectation. Moreover, microsaccades occurring around the tactile target presentation are associated with reduced task performance, suggesting that oculomotor freezing mitigates potential detrimental, concomitant effects of microsaccades and revealing a crossmodal coupling between tactile perception and oculomotor action.