bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of toothed edges and window openings on seismic behaviour of confined masonry walls
Authors: Lim Namyo Salim , Chun En Amber Tan , Kang Hai Tan
Published: October 2020

Confined masonry (CM) structures have been widely adopted by many developing countries located in seismically active regions due to their satisfactory seismic performances, cost-effectiveness and ease of construction; for example, the construction of CM structures in Nepal after the 2015 earthquake by Smart Shelter Foundation (SSF) to provide affordable structures with reliable seismic performance. However, as CM is a much less researched topic compared to other types of structures, some of the design provisions from codes and practices adopted by SSF for their CM structures are ambiguous or even appear contradictory. Hence, the research presented in this paper has been conducted in response to SSF's request to investigate the effectiveness of the adopted design and construction methods of their CM structures. In the experiment, three CM specimens constructed following the design provided by SSF was subjected to in-plane cyclic loading with two cycles per drift at 1.0% increment until a 20% drop in maximum strength was attained to investigate the effectiveness of toothed wall-to-column connections and effects of a window opening in the masonry panel. Toothed wall-to-column connections may not provide significant improvement to the in-plane seismic response, but provision of a lintel band above an opening can alleviate the detrimental effect.
Attitude Determination by External Vectors in Airplane Free Spin Investigation
Authors:   Zhukovskiy Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, Moscow region, Russia, Vyalkov A.V.
Published: October 2020

The article gives an overview of the methods for determining orientation angles from observations of external reference vectors. To maintain the observability of the kinematic parameters of the free-flying aircraft model motion in a vertical wind tun-nel, we analyzed the methods for determining the finite rotation vector using two, three or more vectors, known in a model body frame, as well as their derivatives. The methods to estimate the reliability of the calculated orientation angles are proposed. The method for estimating the radius of the free-flying model spin is considered.
Fostering Independent Learning amongst English for Academic Purposes Students through Exploration of Digital Tools
Authors: Toriida Marie-Claude , Johnson Robert , Heslup Simon , Latif Rabeena Adul , Chiuco Conchita Fatima , Hamdeh Abdul Rahman , Makinde Sharifat Atinuke , Toufiq Rubeena , Zadeh Nooreh Mehdi
Published: October 2020

Interest in using digital tools (DTs) to facilitate self-directed learning has continued to increase alongside the power and complexity of the Web. However, English language instructors cannot always be certain of the appropriateness of particular DTs for their students’ unique linguistic needs, learning preferences, and cultural sensitivities. This study seeks to determine if a pedagogical approach making English language learners (ELLs) at a university in Qatar responsible for finding, trialing, vetting, and perhaps endorsing DTs results in significant changes in opinions and behaviours regarding such self-directed learning resource use. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data suggests that students in this context are already using DTs for English language learning, without prior teacher instructions, and are comfortable doing so. However, the findings suggest that students of lower English ability might benefit from more initial instructor guidance in selecting and using new DTs. While participants did not increase their use of DTs as a result of the intervention, they noted having become more efficient in using them. All participants said that the intervention had been beneficial. Many noted they had discovered at least one new tool that they would continue to use.
Interpretation of Teachers’ Understanding of the Concept of Personal Social Responsibility
Authors: Tuzlukova Victoria , Alwahaibi Anfal , Sancheti Pooja , Balushi Zainab Al
Published: October 2020

This paper explores the concept of personal social responsibility from the teachers’ self-perceived perspective of its occurrence and understanding in the context of English language teaching and learning. It seeks to highlight the variety of constituents, qualities, and characteristics that shape it. Mixed methods research methodology is used for the analysis and interpretation of personal social responsibility taking into account teachers’ descriptions of its constituents’ level of importance, attitudinal characteristics to the chosen profession, qualities that characterize individual’s behavior towards other people, community and society, and how teaching personal social responsibility might have an impact on students’ learning and development. The participants of the study are English language educators representing the multicultural teaching community in the tertiary education institutions in the Sultanate of Oman. The findings of the study show that the concept of personal social responsibility is perceived as significantly important and meaningful; however, it yields considering approaches in the way it is provided, communicated, and taught in the English language courses. It is expected that the findings of this study may give proper guidance in forming future decisions about personal social responsibility teaching to empower students and enhance their academic and professional success.
The Effect of Online Learning on Grammatical Accuracy among EFL Upper-intermediate Learners
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohsen
Published: October 2020

The present study sought to investigate the effectiveness of online learning via smart phone on Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy improvement. A number of 20 upper-intermediate male and female EFL learners selected as the population. The population selected from Pishtazan English Institute of Janah, a city in Hormozgan province of Iran. To achieve this aim, the researcher adopted the experimental approach. The researcher chose two groups of the upper intermediate learners: one group consisting of (10) students was used as an experimental group and the other also consisting of (10) students was used as the control group. The traditional method was used in teaching grammar to the control group, while the online classroom was used to the experimental group. To analyze the data the frequencies and percentage of each item in the questionnaires computed with the aid of SPSS. The findings showed that there were significant differences between the experimental and the control groups and the experimental group who use online classroom had better performance. The finding of this study is to support the implement of useful ideas and new materials into Iran curriculum and teaching policies to benefit from the boring technologies in the Iran context.
The Impact of Electric Vehicle on Road Transportation in Indonesia: Energy Demand and CO2 Emission
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Kurniawan Arif Yulianto Widi , Setiawan Ahmad Agus ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Budiman Arief ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: October 2020

Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) for road transportation in Indonesia is the biggest energy consumption with most of the energy carriers from refined fuel oil with high CO2 emission. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) is one of the alternatives to reduce oil consumption and CO2 emission on the road transportation sector. This research is carried to analyse impact on BEV on energy demand and carbon emission. Modified Mobility Model (MoMo) with PUCE methods was developed to projecting road transportation demand in Indonesia. This research shows that road transportation will reach 519 MBoe in 2040 with 83.6% from refined fuel oil. With moderate EV, energy will be reduced by 31 MBoe (6%), and refined fuel oil reduced by 8.5%. With a high EV scenario, energy will be reduced by 57 MBoe (14%) and refined fuel oil reduced by 16%. CO2 emission will be reduced up to 4.8 to 8.8% in 2040.
Bazı Organik Materyallerin Kıvırcık Yaprak Salata (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa)’ da Verim ve Bitki Besin Elementi İçeriklerine Etkisi
Authors: TUĞA Halide , ÜZAL Özlem , YAŞAR Fikret
Published: October 2020

Caipira (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) kıvırcık yaprak salata çeşidinin kullanıldığı çalışma, 3 farklı organik materyal (vermikompost, gidya, leonardit) ve bunların farklı dozları (% 3, % 6, % 9) ile bahçe toprağı kullanılan kontrol grubu (% 0) olarak tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, insan beslenmesinde önemli yer tutan ve kimyasal azotlu gübreler uygulandığında, yapraklarında nitrat/nitrit birikimi riski taşıyan salatalarda organik materyal olarak farklı dozlarda vermikompost, gidya ve leonardit uygulamalarının bitki besin elementi içeriğine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre uygulanan organik maddelerin bakılan verim komponentleri üzerine etkileri önemli bulunmuştur. Vermikompost uygulamasının verimi yaklaşık 2 kat artırdığı halde dozlar arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca vermikompostun kıvırcık yaprak salatada erkenciliğe etkisinin istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu ve özellikle K+, Zn+ ve Cu+ elementlerinin bitki bünyesine alımına vermikompostun iyi sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak bitki besin elementi içeriği bakımından gidya uygulamalarının olumlu sonuçlar vermediği belirlenmiştir.
COVID-19 in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Kondratyeva E. I. , Krasovsky S. A. , Kashirskaya N. Yu. , Amelina E. L. , Zhekaite E. K. , Sherman V. D. , Simonova O. I. , Gorinova Yu. V. , Boitsova E. V. , Mukhina M. A. , Butyugina I. N. , Makarova M. A. , Malakhov A. B.
Published: October 2020

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, the European cystic fibrosis society (ECFS) has decided to launch a special ECFS-COVID-19 program to collect information on the of COVID-19 characteristics in the patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The results of the program should help timely and efficiently provide the patients with CF with the necessary care. Initially, it was assumed that COVID-19 would be severe in CF patients. The aim. Тo assess the prevalence and characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Russian Federation (RF). Methods. 6 cases (4 children and 2 adults) of COVID-19 in Russian CF patients were analyzed. Results. There are 405,843 infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Russia, the incidence of coronavirus infection in Russia was 1.4 cases per 1 thousand people. According to the Ministry of Health of the RF, as of December 2019, there were 3,931 patients with CF (2,823 children and 1,108 adults). The incidence of COVID-19 was 1.5 per 1000 patients with CF (1.4 : 1,000 for children and 1.8 : 1,000 for adults). The incidence was not higher than in the General population. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed in 4 boys and 2 women, 3 of the patients were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 – with Achromobacter spp. Mild disease was seen in 5 patients including all the children. Pneumonia was registered in 3 patients. One child with COVID-19 had abdominal syndrome. 2 patients – 1 adult and 1 child – needed in-patient care. Additional antibiotics were given to 4 patients, 2 of them received i/v antibiotics. One adult patient was on the lung transplantation waiting list. This woman had long-term oxygen therapy and BiPAP noninvasive respiratory support before the infection with SARS-CoV-2, FEV1 was 24 %pred. Conclusion. Despite the fact that patients with CF are at risk of severe COVID-19, to date, in the described cases, COVID-19 infection has not led to a significant deterioration of the symptoms of CF. Not a single fatal outcome in Russian patients with CF has been recorded.
Chronic obstructive lung disease and COVID-19: topical issues
Authors: Shchikota A. M. , Pogonchenkova I. V. , Turova E. A. , Rassulova M. A. , Gumenyuk S. A.
Published: October 2020

The problem of comorbidity of new coronaviral infection (COVID-19) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is acute, considering similarity of clinical manifestations, diagnostic difficulties, the potential severe disease course. Patients with COPD represent a vulnerable group of infected SARS-CoV-2, with a complicated disease course and frequent adverse outcome. Features of the spread of the virus limit treatment and diagnosis for patients with COPD, making it difficult to provide medical care during the pandemic. The negative results of some clinical studies of antiviral drugs for patients with COVID-19 indicate the need for a search for new drugs; for this reason, analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect on the lungs in infection COVID-19 of drugs of basic COPD therapy is promising.
An Electric Spring Control Strategy Based on Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hao Qiang , Zheng Zheng , Lu Chuang
Published: October 2020

As a novel voltage control device, electric spring (ES) can effectively suppress the voltage fluctuations across critical loads (CLs), and solve the various problems with electrical quality induced by the grid access of renewable energy resources (RES). However, the traditional controllers for the ES system can no longer meet the control requirements, as the environment is complicated by the growing number of load-side nonlinear loads and uncertain disturbances. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a control system based on finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC), and applies it to the ES. Firstly, a load-side circuit prediction model was established and analyzed. Next, a control system was designed based on FCS-MPC. Finally, the proposed system was proved feasible and effective through MATLAB/Simulink simulation and dSPACE physical experiment. The results show that the proposed FCS-MPC system can directly control the ES, easily handle system constraints, achieve robust dynamic and static performance, eliminating the need for pulse width modulation (PWM).
Inspiracje adhortacji apostolskiej Querida Amazonia dla duszpasterstwa w Polsce
Authors: Lipiec Dariusz
Published: October 2020

Adhortacja apostolska Querida Amazonia jest pokłosiem zgromadzenia synodu biskupów na temat „Amazonia: nowe drogi dla Kościoła i ekologii integralnej”. Wskazania papieża Franciszka w niej zawarte mają w dużej części charakter uniwersalny i można odnieść je do innych Kościołów lokalnych. Mogą one mieć zastosowanie także dla duszpasterstwa w Polsce. W artykule zostały ukazane możliwości zastosowania niektórych zaleceń papieskich w realiach Kościoła w Polsce. Pierwsza część artykułu traktuje o konieczności ewangelizacji. Przedstawione przez Franciszka argumenty przemawiające za kontynuacją i rozwojem przekazu Dobrej Nowiny w Amazonii są aktualne również w Polsce. Konieczne jest także – o czym jest mowa w drugiej części – stosowanie inkulturacji w różnych jej aspektach. Jakkolwiek inkulturacja w ewangelizacji ludów dorzecza Amazonki i społeczeństwa polskiego ma inny kształt, to dla efektywności działalności pastoralnej jest ona niezbędna. Trzecia część artykułu została poświęcona problemom związanym z budowaniem żywych wspólnot chrześcijańskich. Procesowi temu, w Amazonii i w Polsce, towarzyszą podobne problemy, dlatego ich rozwiązania proponowane przez Franciszka dla Kościoła w Ameryce Południowej mogą – po zaakomodowaniu – okazać się skuteczne w duszpasterstwie polskim.
Duszpasterskie towarzyszenie małżonkom w odpowiedzialnym rodzicielstwie
Authors: Czerwonka Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

Duszpasterskie towarzyszenie małżonkom w odpowiedzialnym rodzicielstwie należy do istotnych zadań tej zbawczej działalności Kościoła. Małżonkowie zaproszeni przez Boga do realizacji powołania rodzicielskiego oczekują na wsparcie płynące ze strony duszpasterzy. Wsparcie to jest realizowane przez kapłanów poprzez przepowiadanie słowa Bożego, parafialne poradnictwo rodzinne, posługę kierownictwa duchowego i wsparcia modlitewnego czy też w procesie pedagogizacji. Przeprowadzone wśród prezbiterów badania dowiodły, że wysoki odsetek księży deklaruje gotowość duszpasterskiego towarzyszenia małżonkom w dziele odpowiedzialnego rodzicielstwa. Częściej tak uważają zwłaszcza kapłani starsi, powyżej 36. roku życia, mający większe doświadczenie posługiwania dla małżeństw. Wyzwanie wsparcia duszpasterskiego małżonków w odpowiedzialnym rodzicielstwie stanowią kapłani młodsi, do 35 roku życia.
Rethinking Politeness Principle in Pragmatics Study
Authors: Rosyidha Alfin , Afdiyani Irfi N. , Fatimah Ayu D. , Nisa Izzatun
Published: October 2020

The study focuses on Politeness Principle found in the movie Kung Fu Panda 1 using Leech’s theory.Leech defines politeness as forms of behaviour that establish and maintain comity. He proposed six types of politeness maxim such as tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim. The objectives of this study are to classify the type of politeness maxim used in the movie, to know the frequency of the most and the least maxim used in the movie, and to explain how the figures in the movie used politeness principle in the communication.The writers used descriptive analysis in analyzing the politeness principle used in the movie and used a simple quantitative analysis to know the frequency of the politeness principle. The result of the study shows that all politeness maxim is used in the movie with the frequency tact maxim 10 utterances (9,8%), generosity maxim 5 utterances (4,9%), approbation maxim 24 utterances (23,5%), modesty maxim 11 utterances (10,8%), agreement maxim 45 utterances (44,1%), and sympathy maxim 7 utterances (6,9%).Keywords: Pragmatics, Politeness principle, Movie.
The use of Declaration of Illocutionary Acts of the Korean-English Drama “I Hear Your Voice”
Authors: Sartika Endang , Marzuqoh Sari , Majid Khoirul
Published: October 2020

This study deals with the types of declaration of illocutionary acts in the Korean-English Drama “I Hear Your Voice”. The objectives of this study are (1) to find and classify the utterances in the English subtitle of the Korean drama entitled “I Hear Your Voice” that belongs to declaration of illocutionary acts, (2) to analyze the implication of the declaration of illocutionary act found in the Korean English drama “I Hear Your Voice”. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. The objects of this study are English Subtitles of the drama in episode 8 to 13 which is containing the utterances of Declaration of Illocutionary Acts. The researcher found 40 declaration of illocutionary act utterance which is divided into five types of Declaration of Illocutionary acts and the dominant types was Sentencing. For specific result, the researcher provided the percentage in detail; Resigning (5%) in 2 data, Demising (12,5%) in 5 data, Naming (17,5%) in 7 data, Appointing (20%) in 8 data, and Sentencing (45%) in 12 data. The implication of the result of this research toward English Language Teaching is that this research could be authentic material by teachers or lecturers to teach Pragmatic especially about Speech Acts.Key words: Declaration, Illocutionary acts, Speech acts.
Compliment Responses of The Main Characters in Indonesian and American Movies
Authors: Widiningrum Rindang
Published: October 2020

Movies can be said as a reflection of real life. This study is aimed at finding the compliment responses by the main characters in two movies. The movies are 'Mars Met Venus' and 'Hitch'. The data were taken from the utterances of the main characters, both are male and female, that were considered as compliments' responses. The topics of the compliments in those two movies are appearance, ability, personality, and possession. The finding resulted in this research showed that there were 20 compliment responses found in those movies. There are silent, return, questioning, reassignment of praise, explaining, shifting to other topics, appreciation, and agree. In 'Mars met Venus, there are silent (3 times), returns (3 times), questioning (3 times), reassignment of praise (1), and explaining (1). While in 'Hitch', there are shifting to other topics (4 times), appreciation (1), explaining (1), questioning (2 times), and agree (1). Based on those, it can be concluded that questioning (25%) got the highest percentage, then shifting to other topics (20%), silent (15%), return (15%), explaining (10%), agree (5%), reassignment of praise (5%) and appreciation (5%). Questioning as the highest percentage in these movies shows that the person being complimented needs more explanation about the compliment. In comparison, there are similarities and differences from those movies. Those differences are the reflections of different cultures represented by the two movies. Keywords: pragmatics, movie, compliment response.
Sondeo sobre hábitos de consumo de los videojuegos
Authors: Díaz-Pinzón Jorge Enrique
Published: October 2020

La presente investigación se propuso indagar sobre la relación de un grupo de estudiantes de bachillerato con los videojuegos, en dos aspectos principales: el nivel de expectativa de los estudiantes respecto a dicho entretenimiento y la posible interferencia de este con otras actividades, académicas o no académicas. Para ello se realizó una encuesta abierta para identificar los gustos y motivos de consumo de videojuegos entre los estudiantes. El instrumento fue aplicado a 330 estudiantes de básica y media de bachillerato de la Institución Educativa General Santander del municipio de Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Los resultados muestran que la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa (3969,493, gl 171, Sig. 0,001) y el indicador de adecuación del tamaño de muestra Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue muy bueno (0,943). El alfa del instrumento total de fiabilidad, Alfa de Cronbach, calculado fue 0,939. Se identificó la existencia de cuatro factores. En conclusión, la eficacia del cuestionario, evaluada a través del análisis factorial de las respuestas de los encuestados, indicó que la encuesta tenía 3 factores principales. También se evidenció a través de la encuesta que el estudiante, al conocer muchos videojuegos, también se convierte en un experto jugador en cada uno de ellos, y esto representa una adicción que induce al olvido de sus deberes académicos e incluso de los que deba desarrollar en su ambiente familiar.
The Effect of 8 Weeks Aerobic Training and Vitamin C on Creatine Kinase of Serum Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Mahdavifar Mahla , Delavar Reza , Kaykhaei Mahmoud Ali
Published: October 2020

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with impaired serum skeletal muscle pain enzymes levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training with and without vitamin C consumption on serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK) in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM).
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial 45 women (30-45 years) with T2DM were randomly assigned into one of these 3 groups: aerobic training (3 sessions a week for 45 minutes), aerobic training with 250 mg/day vitamin C supplementation and control (without exercise and vitamin C). Fasting serum levels of CK were measured before and 24 hours after the last exercise session. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of variance, LSD post hoc test, dependent T test for hypothesis testing) by SPSS19 software.
Results: Aerobic training as well as aerobic training plus vitamin C reduced significantly concentrations of CK compared to the control (P-value= 0.037, P-value= 0.017) respectively. However, There were no significant differences in CK levels between intervention groups (P-value= 0.899).
Conclusion: This study showed that aerobic exercise with or without vitamin C supplementation is effective in reducing CK levels in T2DM. So, in order to reduce at least one of the markers of muscle damage (CK), aerobic exercises are recommended in T2DM, in the absence of contraindications.
Evaluation of Salivary Glucose and Creatinine for Screening of Diabetes and Kidney Disease
Authors: Aghazadeh Marziye , Motahari Paria
Published: October 2020

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that affects multiple organs of the body, one of the most important of which is chronic kidney disease. Early diagnosis of this disease is suggested as an important strategy to reduce the complications of the disease worldwide. Since the measurement of salivary creatinine and glucose is an easy and noninvasive method, the aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and salivary levels of creatinine and glucose for screening of diabetes and kidney disease.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 50 seemingly healthy individuals referred to the Department of Oral Medicine of the Faculty of Dentistry. Serum andsalivary creatinine levels were measured in these individuals. Data (mean + standard deviation) were presented for variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between serum and salivary levels of creatinine and glucose. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The mean salivary and serum creatinine levels was reported to be 0.27 (+ 0.29) and 0.90 (+0.12) mg/dl, respectively. Also, the mean salivary and serum glucose levels were reported to be 3.1 (+ 0.7) and 88.92 (+6.16) mg/dl, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between serum and salivary glucose and cratinine.
Conclusion: The use of non-invasive diagnostic methods such as saliva is of great value. The study found no association between serum and salivary creatinine and glucose in seemingly healthy subjects.
“Complications of Gastrointestinal System in Diabetes Mellitus”- Neglected Part of Diabetic Management
Authors: Paul Jayanta , Veettil Hussain SHIHAZ Ambalathu
Published: October 2020

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications are increasing. Like other complications, most of the diabetes patients have gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms but in majority of cases GI complications are under diagnosed and not treated properly, resulting in impairment of the quality of daily life. GI system including liver and pancreas are involved in diabetes mellitus. These GI complications of diabetes mellitus need proper diagnosis and treatment to get a quality of life and clinician needs clinical suspicion to identify and proper knowledge to treat.
Obesity and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: October 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Food Quality Standards: Quality Issues and Challenges of Food Chain in Burkina Faso
Authors: Tarnagda Bakary , Jean Paul Karama Bakoué , Gustave Yaguibou Alain , Ouattara-Sourabié Pane B. , Kaboré Stéphane S. R. , Goungounga Ginette C. , Zoungrana Issaka , Zongo Cheikna , Savadogo Aly
Published: October 2020

Background: In Burkina Faso, the agricultural sector accounts for 35% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs 82% of the active population. The agri-food industries must apply the requirements of the management systems to improve their economic position and ensure sustainable development. The present study aimed to highlight the similarities and particularities of these repositories grouped according to the conformity procedures.
Methods: Interviews were conducted with the state technical services and research and development support agencies of Burkina Faso in order to identify and make a comparative study of the available benchmarks.
Results: We studied eight standards (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, NBF 01-027: 2009, NBF 01-028: 2009, ISO 22000, BRC and IFS). These standards help improving competitiveness of the companies as well as developing the trade and food security. In addition to these standards, three private repositories were used for large distribution: Global Good Agriculture Practices, British Retail Consortium, and International Food Standard. These standards are responsible for the operations of agriculture and agribusiness in the face of numerous commercial, regulatory, health, economic, and societal requirements. They are mainly oriented towards the treatment of the main risks: cross-contamination, fatal accident, health damage, environmental pollution, unavailability of the production tool, loss of customer, etc.
Conclusion: The conformity assessment of food products on the basis of specific benchmarks makes it possible to highlight the positive aspects of these products.
The Relationship between Major Dietary Patterns in Patients with and without Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Azimi Tahereh , Eghtesadi Shahryar , Abbasi Behnood
Published: October 2020

Background: It was suggested that dietary patterns might play a role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and the occurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 634 male and female participants aged 18-65 in Tehran using a convenient sampling method. The participants were investigated in the case (n = 317) and control (n = 317) groups. Demographic and anthropometric information, medical history, physical activity, and dietary intake were collected by interview. A validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess the dietary patterns. Factor analysis was also applied with principal component approach (PCA) to determine the major dietary patterns.
Results: The findings showed two major dietary patterns using 41 food groups. Significant differences were observed in nutritional factors and physical activity between the case and the control groups. After adjusting the covariates, the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone was significantly higher for those in the highest tertile of unhealthy dietary pattern compared to the lowest ones (OR, 3.83; 95%CI, 2.22-6.61). Additionally, no relationship was found between the healthy dietary pattern and the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone in any of the four logistic regression models (P for trend > 0.05) (OR,0.95; 95%CI, 0.58-1.55).
Conclusion: We found that the unhealthy dietary pattern was strongly associated with increased risk for calcium oxalate kidney stones.
Comparison of Foot Pressure Variables in Blind and Healthy Participants with Open and Closed Eyes While Walking
Authors: Barghamadi Mohsen , Yadegar Ali , Abdollahpour Darvishani Mohammad
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Measurement of foot pressure variables can be used to assess the loads to which the human body is subjected in normal activities, like walking, or in more demanding situations such as sports. The purpose of this study was to compare the foot pressure variables in blind and healthy individuals with open and closed eyes during walking.
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental and laboratory study with pretest-posttest design. The statistic samples included 13 blind men with the mean age of 29.05±3.28 years and 17 healthy men with the mean age of 24.22±1.31  years  participated in this study and were selected by available sampling method.. A foot scan (RS Scan International, Belgium) set was used for measuring planter pressure during walking. Variables data were recorded at a sampling frequency of 300 Hz. For data analysis, paired t-test was run to compare the means within the group; also, independent t-test run to compare the means between the groups using SPSS ver. 16 statistical software.
Results: The results showed that the peak reaction time of the ground reaction force during the heel contact phase was 45.89% higher than blind people compared to the normal participants (p<0.023). The time to peak of vertical force during mid stance in the blind people was 38.97% more than in normal people with closed eyes (p<0.013). The peak vertical loading rate in the blind people was 41.65% lower than normal participants with closed eyes while walking (p<0/003).
Conclusion: Congenital blind people have less stance time in comparison with the healthy people with closed eyes. Decreased walking stance time seems to be related to improved their other senses that requires further research.
Synthesis and Study of Lidocaine Hydrochloride from Polymeric Film as a Wound Dressing
Authors: Zirak Hassan Kiadeh Shahrzad , Ghaee Azadeh , Mohammadnejad arough Javad , Mashak Arezou
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Among various carrier materials capable of drug controlled-release, silica xerogels have been found to be noteworthy for loading and sustaining drug release. These silica xerogels were synthesized through sol-gel technology using Tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS) as a silica precursor.
Methods: This study was an experimental basic research, which aimed to characterize the effect of adding chitosan to silica xerogels on Morphology, surface area and topography as well as mechanical behavior of the hybrid films. Furthermore, the lidocaine hydrochloride was incorporated on to the hybrid chitosan-silica xerogels and drug release behavior of the hybrid xerogels was evaluated and compared with pure silica xerogels. In addition, the covalent bond between chitosan chains and silica network was verified by FTIR; MTT assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity of the final system.
Results: The release profile of hybrid xerogels showed biphasic mode of release and approximately 71 % accumulative release rate. Chitosan slightly decreased burst effect and release rate, but extended release period in comparison with silica xerogel. Moreover, blending of chitosan and TEOS enhanced tensile elongation and reduced the average pore size of TEOS-based xerogels.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this in vitro study showed that the sol–gel method is useful for entrapping lidocaine hydrochloride in the pores of xerogels and its controlled release. Likewise, blending of chitosan and TEOS improves tensile mechanical properties of resulted biocompatible films. Hence, the final organic-inorganic films are capable to be applied as a coating or thin films in biomedical applications.
Effect of Eight Weeks Water Resistance Training with Dark Chocolate Supplementation on the Balance of the Elderly
Authors: Mousavi Maryam , Ghazalian Farshad
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Improving balance in the daily lives of the elderly plays an important role, especially in reducing their risk of falling. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks water resistance training with dark chocolate supplementation on the balance of the elderly.Methods: In this study, 38 elderly people with an age range of 73-60 years were randomly divided into four groups. Participants in groups, included water resistance training and water resistance training + dark chocolate, performed water resistance training for eight weeks. In this period, groups of dark chocolate and water resistance training + dark chocolate, consumed 6 pieces of dark chocolate 83%, 5 gr per day, and the control group did not have any training or supplementation. The stork test (flamingo) was used to assess balance. The results of covariance analysis (ANOVA) showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Data were evaluated using Excel and SPSS-25 (p≤ 0.05).
Results: The adjusted means after eliminating the effect of pre-test scores showed that the water resistance-training group had a higher mean than the other three groups and the weakest scores belonged to the control group. The results of other groups were as followed: experimental group 18.77, chocolate group 16.88, combined group (water resistance training + dark chocolate) 17.24 and control group 9.77. The results of Benferoni test showed that there was a significant difference between the water resistance training group and the control group (p = 0.006).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that eight weeks of water resistance training and dark chocolate supplementation can improve the balance and quality of life of the elderly.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE REPRODUÇÃO DE “ELITES”, TRANSFORMAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS E RECONFIGURAÇÕES DOS ESPAÇOS DE PODER
Authors: Grill Igor Gastal , Bordignon Rodrigo da Rosa
Published: October 2020

Apresentação.
CIRCULATION AT THE TOP: ELITES, SOCIAL MOBILITY AND INTERGENERATIONAL CAPITAL CONVERSION
Authors: Hjellbrekke Johs , Korsnes Olav
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite calls for bridging the gap between the sociology of social class and the sociology of elites, there are few examples where this actually has been done. This article seeks to do so by applying approachesand statistical techniques commonly used in studies of social mobility in an analysis of circulation mobility in elite formations. Based on register data on the whole Norwegian population born 1955-1975, we analyze the educational and professional intergenerational mobility among “the successful inheritors”. In this way, and by focusing on mobility barriers and trajectories, we seek to uncover patterns of stability and change in family dynastic relations, i.e. relations that primarily are based on inheritedforms of capital. These patterns can also reveal what forms of intergenerational capital conversion have been the most common,and therefore also the most acceptable, in the upper and upper middle classes in postwar Norway, and what conversions have been less common. The results indicate that even in the supposedly egalitarian Norwegian elites, some inheritors prove to be “more equal than others”.Keywords: Elite. Intergerational capital conversion. Mobility. Circulation an the top.CIRCULAÇÃO NO TOPO: ELITES, MOBILIDADE SOCIAL E CONVERSÃO INTERGERACIONAL DE CAPITALResumoApesar dos apelos para suprir a lacuna entre a sociologia das classes sociais e a sociologia das elites, há poucos exemplos em que issotenha sido feito. Este artigo busca fazer isso aplicando abordagens e técnicas estatísticas comumente utilizadas em estudos de mobilidadesocial em nas análise da mobilidade de circulação em formações de elite. Com base em dados de registro de toda a população norueguesa nascida entre 1955 e 1975, analisamos a mobilidade educacional e profissionalintergeracional entre "os herdeiros bem-sucedidos". Desta forma, e focalizando as barreiras e as trajetórias de mobilidade, buscamos descobrir os padrões de estabilidade e de mudança nas relações dinásticas familiares, ou seja, relações que se baseiam principalmente em formas hereditárias de capital. Além disso, esses padrões podemrevelar quais formas de conversão intergeracional de capital têm sido as mais comuns e, portanto, também, as mais aceitáveis nas classes média-alta e na classe alta da Noruega do pós-guerra, e quais conversões têmsido menos comuns. Os resultados indicam que, mesmo nas elites norueguesas supostamente igualitárias, alguns herdeiros provamser "mais iguais do que outros".Palavras-chave: Elites. Conversão intergeracional de capital. Mobilidade. Circulação no topo.
FRONTEIRAS NACIONAIS, FRONTEIRAS LITERÁRIAS E AS METAMORFOSES DA DOMINAÇÃO SIMBÓLICA
Authors: Barreto Mariana
Published: October 2020

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Zeynîzâde Hüseyin ve Münşe‘âtına Dair Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: BOSTANCI Damla , ÇINAR Gülay Karadağ
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma 18. yüzyıl münşilerinden Zeynîzâde Hüseyin b. Ahmed’in hayatını incelemekte ve onun tarafından inşâ yazım özelliklerini göstermek amacıyla kaleme alınmış münşe‘âtın tanıtım ve değerlendirmesinden oluşmaktadır. Tarihi önemine binaen ele alınan Zeynîzâde Münşe‘âtı’nın muhtevasını, yurtiçi-yurtdışı yazışmaları ve XV-XVIII. yüzyıllarda yaşamış münşîlere ait inşâ örnekleri oluşturmaktadır. Yurtiçi yazışmalarının büyük kısmı sadrazam, vezir, defterdar, şeyhülislam ve Kırım Hanları gibi üst düzey devlet adamlarına aittir. Yurtdışı yazışmaları ise İran ile olan münasebetleri konu edinmektedir. Bu suretle araştırmanın konusunu oluşturan Zeynîzâde Münşe‘âtı, XVIII. yüzyılda Osmanlı münşe‘ât geleneğini tanımak ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin diplomatik, bürokratik icraatlarını mevcut belgeler üzerinden tasnif ve değerlendirme fırsatı sunmaktadır. Zeynîzâde Osmanlı bürokrasisinde elde ettiği vazifeler ve üst düzey devlet adamlarına hizmet etmesi sayesinde dönemin yazışmalarına tanıklık etmiştir. Bu bağlamda Zeynîzâde’nin, Koca Ragıp Paşa’nın Aydın vilayetindeki muhassıllık görevi esnasında onunla birlikte çalışmış olması devletin vergi sistemini ve bölgenin idari yapısını yakından tanımasına fırsat vermiştir. Böylece Zeynîzâde Osmanlı vilayet sisteminin 18. yüzyılına dair derin tecrübeler edinmiştir.
Zeynîzâde münşe‘âtında görüldüğü üzere bu neviden kaynaklar divan kâtiplerinin eğitimlerinde kullanılan önemli materyallerden biridir. Bundan dolayı münşe‘âtta yer alan belgeler asıllarıyla kıyaslandığında belgenin tamamının değil özet versiyonlarının yayınlandığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda İran ile yazışmalar Nâme-i Hümayun defterlerindeki mektup suretleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylece söz konusu mektuplarda bazı bilgilerin özetlendiği bazılarına ise hiç yer verilmediği anlaşılmıştır. Zeynîzâde münşe‘âtının bir diğer dezavantajı birçok belge ve yazışmada şahıs isimlerinin açıkça yazılmamasıdır. Ayrıca mektubun yazıldığı tarihe de genellikle işaret edilmemiştir. Bu nedenle münşeattaki belgeler içerdiği konular itibariyle çeşitlilik arz etse de diğer ana kaynaklar ve tetkik eserlerden istifade edilmeden anlamlandırılması güçtür.
Leyla Hanım’ın Gözünden Şiir ve Şair
Authors: TILFARLIOĞLU Musa
Published: October 2020

Poetika, edebî anlamda şairlerin eserlerini kaleme alırken değer verdikleri görüş veya bağlı bulundukları ve kuralların geneline verilen addır. Bu nedenle şairlerin ve bağlı oldukları geleneklerin yazılmış veya yazılmamış bir poetikası olmalıdır. Bir şiir geleneği içerisinde yer alan şairlerin bireysel poetikaları olmaz. Bir geleneğe ait şiir tarzının en güzel örneklerini dile getirmek için uğraşan divan şairlerinin şiirlerinde mizaç, yetenek ve eğitimin farklılıklarının etkileri görülebilir. Fakat bu farklılıkların dâhil oldukları geleneğinin poetikasını değiştirecek düzeyde olmadığı görülmektedir. Şairlerin poetikaları, dâhil oldukları şiir geleneği tarafından önceden belirlenmiştir. Geleneğin kendilerine sunduğu imkânların dışına çıkmayan divan şairleri modern anlamda bir poetika yazma gereksinimi duymamışlardır. Konusu şiir olan beyitler ve gazeller yazan divan şairleri, divan edebiyatının geleneksel benzetme öğelerini şiir ve şair için yaptıkları tasvirlerde kullanmışlardır. Divan şairi, nükteli ve etkileyici şiirler yazarak şairlik yeteneğini, şiirlerinin güzelliğini göstererek, edebî ve sosyal çevrenin takdirini kazanmak istediğini ortaya koymak istemiştir.
Klâsik Türk şiirinde şairlerin poetikalarının tespitine yönelik çalışmalara malzeme ve de katkı sağlamak amacıyla yaptığımız bu çalışmada, Leyla Hanım’ın manzumelerinde dile getirmiş olduğu şiir ve şair hakkındaki görüşleri, bu iki kavrama yüklediği anlamlar, şiir ve şair için kullandığı kelimeler, yaptığı benzetmeler, onlara yüklediği vasıflar ve bu kavramların özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Kısaca şairin, şiir ve şair hakkındaki düşünceleri, şiir ve şairde olması gereken özellikler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Leylâ Hanım’ı dönemin erkek şairlerinden ayıran farklı bir söyleminin olup olmadığı şiirlerinden ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Şiir geleneğimizdeki kadın şairlerin azlığı Leylâ Hanım’ın şiir ve şair hakkındaki görüşlerinin önemini arttırmaktadır.
Balling's attenuation theory and beer composition calculator
Authors: Nohel Vilém
Published: October 2020

This article deals with calculation possibilities and the control of basic parameters of beer on the basis of knowledge of two parameters. The importance of this method increases with the development of craft beer production in our country (mini-breweries, home brewing). The calculations are based on Balling's equations, alcohol factors and attenuation quotients, which have been published unchanged since at least 1876. In Balling's time, they were used to determine an extract with a specific gravities of 17.5 °C/17.5 °C. In current brewing, specific gravities of 20 °C/20 °C are used. For this reason, new alcohol factors of apparent attenuation were derived, and based on linear regression, regression coefficients of the dependence of the alcohol factor of apparent attenuation on the extract in original wort were calculated. Some variants of calculations based on two input parameters were incorporated into the beer composition calculator using formulas that replace extract and alcohol tables. The accuracy of the results from the calculator was checked with analyses from the Anton Paar automatic analyzer and with analyses obtained by the distillation method. The calculator is available at www.balling.cz.
How to Talk About Incontinence: A Checklist
Authors: Rosato-Scott Claire , Barrington Dani J. , Bhakta Amita , House Sarah J. , Mactaggart Islay , Wilbur Jane
Published: October 2020

Incontinence is the medical term used to describe the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. Women, men, girls, boys and people of all genders, at any age, can experience incontinence. A person with incontinence can experience leakage occasionally, regularly or constantly; and leakage can happen at any time, day or night. A person may also experience leakage of urinary or faecal matter due to not being able to get to the toilet in time or not wanting to use the toilet facilities available. This is known as social, or functional, incontinence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) understanding of incontinence is still in its early stages: the term ‘incontinence’ may not be known, knowledge of the condition is rare, and the provision of support is lacking. Those who experience incontinence may face stigma due to having the condition, and this may affect their willingness or confidence to talk about it. There is a need to better understand incontinence in LMICs, and how best to support people living with the condition to improve their quality of life. This requires having conversations with individuals that experience the condition, and with individuals who care for those who do: they will have the lived experiences of what it means to live with incontinence practically, emotionally and socially for them and their families. Living with incontinence can have a range of impacts on the people living with it and their carers. These include increased stress and distress; additional needs for water and soap; and restricted ability to join in community activities, school or work. Living with incontinence can also lead to a range of protection issues. The potential challenges that people face may be quite diverse and may vary between people and households. The checklist below, and corresponding page references to ‘Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks’ can be used to increase your understanding of incontinence and the options available to support people living with the condition; and provide guidance on how to have conversations to understand how best to support people living with incontinence in your area.
The Influence of the Selection System, Training and Job Satisfaction on Employees Performance on PT Lion Air Group of Mutiara Sis Al-Jufri Palu Airport before the Pandemic Covid 19
Authors: Suprapty Rika , Syamsuddin R , Asri Maria
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the selection, training and employment systems. satisfaction both collectively and partially on the performance of employees at PT Lion Air Group from Mutiara Sis Al-Jufri Airport, Palu before the pandemic  covid - 19. Data was collected through direct observation and surveys by distributing questionnaires and interviews to employees of PT. Lion Air Group Mutiara Sis Al-Jufri Palu before the pandemic covid -19 to become a plague in Indonesia. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The test results show that the selection system, training and job satisfaction, both simultaneously and partially have a significant effect on employee performance before the spread of the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Keywords: Selection System, Training, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance, Covid 19