bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Health Status among 6-12 years patients with Beta- thalassemia Major Syndrome in Baghdad –Iraq.
Authors: Al-Hadithi Dr. Haraa Khairi
Published: August 2022

Thalassemia constitutes a form of anemia that has clear problems in relation tooral and dental health.The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and severity of periodontaldiseases among patients with β-thalassemia major (βtm) at (6-12) years of age inBaghdad city in comparison to healthy control.Our study sample comprised 50 patients of both sexes were examined ,who wereattending the thalassemia center in Al-Karama Hospital .A similar number of healthycontrol matching with age and gender were involved .Plaque index of Silness &Löe (1964) and Calculus index of Ramfjord (1959) wereused to assess oral cleanliness (dental plaque and dental calculus respectively).Gingival index of Löe &Silness (1963) was used for recording gingival healthcondition.Results were generally observed a poor oral hygiene .Highly significant differencein means of plaque index (1.902±0.68, 0.9384±0.51) and gingival index (1.390± 0.94,0.840± 0.46) between βtm and control groups respectively, while not significant inmean of calculus index (0.470± 0.63, 0.3362± 0.42) between groups.The present study showed that most patients with β-thalassemia major wereaffected by gingivitis of moderate type (38%), while most of control of mild type(76%).
Comparative study of maxillary complete denture base retention using different impression materials
Authors: Adnan Dr. Mohammed Adnan , Aljudy Dr. Hikmat J. , Fatihallah Dr. Abdalbasit A.
Published: August 2022

An impression taking for edentulous ridge is the first step in the fabrication of thecomplete denture prosthesis. Various theories have been proposed by differentauthors as how to achieve an optimum impression in different ways.The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive forces required to dislodgemaxillary complete denture bases fabricated by using different impression materials.Twenty completely edentulous patients were selected and three types ofimpression were made for each patient. The 1st group; final impression were madewith zinc oxide eugenol "ZOE", 2nd group; final impression were made with lightbody addition silicone impression material and 3rd group; final impression were madewith condensation impression material. Three stone casts were obtained for eachpatient and three denture bases were fabricated by short curing cycle, retention forceexamined and compared using strain gauge force transducer.Statistical analysis for the data collected using descriptive statistic, ANOVA andLSD, the result revealed that group A "Impression with ZOE" and B "Impression withaddition silicone" show nearly the same results while group C "impression withcondenation silicone" significantly less retentive force than that of group A and B.Retention of complete denture bases is greater in denture bases produced by zincoxide eugenole final impression material than the other examined final impressionmaterials.
In vitro evaluation of sealing ability of matched-taper single cone obturation with an electrochemical method
Authors: Mehdi Dr. Jamal A. , Al-Zaka Dr. Iman M. , Shukri Dr. Biland M.S.
Published: August 2022

widespread use of rotary Nickel-Titanium systems has caused manufacturers toproduce gutta-percha cones that match the taper of the canals prepared with thesesystems. The aim of this study was to use electrochemical method to compare theapical sealing ability of taper single-cone, Thermafil obturation in canals preparedwith ProTaper and ProFile instruments. Forty extracted human mandibular premolarwere divided into 2 groups. All canals in group (A) prepared with ProFile, while allcanals in group (B) prepared with ProTaper. Each group subdivided into twosubgroup according to the method of obturation, (Thermafil and matched taper- singlecone).The apical leakage in these groups was evaluated using an electrochemicalmethod. T-test showed a non significant difference between Thermafil and matchedtaper-single cone obturation technique in the same group. A significant difference wasfound between ProTaper and ProFile group in both obturation techniques.
Surface microhardness and depth of cure of composite resin cured with LED and Halogen units
Authors: Oglah Dr. Firas Saddam
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness and depth of cure ofresin composites cured with a quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) lamp or a light emittingdiodes (LED) unit.Swiss Tec (colten/whaledent AG, Switzerland) resin composite was placed in1, 2,3, and 4 mm depth and 8 mm width metallic molds and cured using the QTH light orthe LED unit for 40s.A total of 40 samples were made that divided into two groups according to thetype of curing light with 20 samples each. Each group was subdivided into 4 groupsaccording to the height of the mold with 5 samples each. Microhardnessmeasurements were performed using a calibrated Vickers indenter (100 g load and30s dwell time). Measurement of depth of cure was carried out by means of hardnessratio (bottom/top × 100).Results were analyzed by paired student's t-tests (P < 0.05). Results showed thatLED exhibited higher microhardness values than QTH unit and the difference wasstatistically significant (P = 0.03) at the top surface and highly significant (P = 0.001)at the bottom surface.Further more the results revealed that LED produced samples with hardness ratio(depth of cure) higher than QTH unit and the difference was highly significant (P =0.004) at 3 mm depth. Both curing lights inadequately cure samples at 4 mm depth.Conclusions: Curing effectiveness of resin composite is better with LED thanQTH unit especially when the composite thickness exceed 2 mm.
An in- vitro evaluation the effect of endodontic irrigation solutions on the microhardness of root canal dentin.
Authors: AL-azzawi Prof. Dr. Abdul , Hussein Dr. Itab Nasser
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5.25 sodium hypochlorite and17%EDTA on the microhardness of root canal dentin .Fifteen, maxillary incisor teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were used. Thecrowns of the teeth were removed at the CEJ. The roots were separated longitudinallyinto two segments, embedded in acrylic resin, and polished. A total of 30specimenswere divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth at random according to the irrigation solutionused: group 1: 5.25% NaOCl for 1min; group 2: 17% EDTA for 1 min; and group 3:distilled water (control). Each group was submitted to Vickers microhardnessindentation tests. The data were recorded as Vickers numbers and the results wereanalyzed statistically by using one-way ANOVA.The results showed that, irrigation with either sodium hypochlorite or EDTAdecreased the microhardness value of root dentin. Irrigation with EDTA gave morereduction of dentin compared to sodium hypochlorite. The reduction of VHN ofdentin following the irrigation treatment was statistically significant (p< 0.05 ) .Both sodium hypochlorite and EDTA irrigation solution significantly reduced themicrohardness of root dentin..
Evaluation of the effect of sodium hypochlorite on the transverse strength of acrylic denture base resin
Authors: Jaber Dr. Makarem Abdul-Rassol
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the transverse strength of polymerized acrylic resin afterimmersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 20 minute, 3times a day for 15 days.40 rectangular specimens were prepared from heat polymerized acrylic resin; 20specimens were immersed in 0.5℅ NaOCl as experimental group and 20 specimenswere immersed in distilled water as control group. The transverse strength wasmeasured using a 3 –point bending test in a universal testing machine. The studyshowed that there was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between groups.It may be concluded that immersion in NaOCl solution did not influence thetransverse strength of heat polymerized acrylic resin.
A prospective study to examine the bleeding tendency of patients receiving regular low-dose aspirin therapy
Authors: Hamad Dr. Taha Yaseen
Published: August 2022

The fear of uncontrolled bleeding often prompts medical practitioners to stopaspirin intake for seven to 10 days before any surgical procedure. This study wasinitiated to evaluate the effect of aspirin on bleeding in patients undergoing oralsurgery.The study group consisted of 39 patients who were subjected to undergo dentalextraction. All patients were receiving 100 milligrams of aspirin daily on a regularbasis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: those who stopped the aspirintherapy before the procedure and those who continued the aspirin therapy. One hourbefore the procedures, all patients underwent a bleeding time test. In addition, theamount of bleeding during the procedure was measured.The mean (± standard deviation) bleeding time was 1.8 ± 0.47 minutes for patientswho stopped aspirin therapy one week before the procedure. For patients whocontinued aspirin therapy, the bleeding time was 3.1 ± 0.65 minutes. The differencewas statistically significant (P = .004). However, both groups were within the normalbleeding time range, and in both groups, a local hemostatic method was sufficient tocontrol bleeding. No episodes of uncontrolled intraoperative or postoperative bleedingwere noted.Stopping of low-dose aspirin therapy is not a must before oral surgery. Localhemostasis is sufficient to control bleeding.
Accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiograph for assessment the sites of periapical bone lesions (comparative study )
Authors: Mohammed Dr.Amal Raouf S.
Published: August 2022

The dental pulp is a delicate connective tissue , it react to bacterial infection or toother stimuli by an inflammatory response .Once infection has been established in thepulp , spread of the process can be through the root canals and into the periapicallesions.The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital and film panoramicradiographs in detection the periapical bone lesion in different sites ,which detectedpreviously by periapical radiographs .In this study 106 teeth were examined by intraoral periapical radiographs which indicated that only 60 teeth were with periapicalbone lesion , then by both digital and film panoramic the teeth with periapical lesionwere examined .The results show significant advantage of digital panoramic whichshow the same mean of periapical lesion like conventional periapical radiographs ,also the study show significant differences between digital and film panoramicradiographs in incisor region for the detection of periapical bone lesion .
Sexual Dimorphism of Calvarial Thickness Parameter in Different Skeletal Patterns
Authors: Al-Khatieeb Dr.Mustafa M.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the calvarial thickness parameterin both genders, and in different skeletal patterns. The sample included 120pretreatment digital lateral cephalometric radiographs of Iraqi subjects (60 males and60 females) aged between 17 to 30 years, attending Orthodontic Clinic in the Collegeof Dentistry; Baghdad University, and private clinics in Baghdad city. The 120radiographs were divided into 3 groups (40 radiographs for each group) according tothe ANB angles: ANB angle smaller than one degree (Class III), between two andfour degrees (Class I), and larger than four degrees (Class II), each group was furthersubdivided into two subgroups according to gender (20 radiographs for each gender).Four linear measurements were used exclusively in the assessment of calvarialthickness parameter in both genders.The mean calvarial thickness values changed from highest to lowest in sphenoid,parietal, occipital, and frontal bones respectively. In the skeletal class II malocclusionthe frontal and occipital bones' thickness showed highly significant gender differences(P<0.01) using Student's t- test, with females had thicker frontal bone than males, andmales had thicker occipital bone than females, in addition the skeletal glass II groupshowed no significant gender difference (P>0.05) regarding sphenoid and parietalbones' thickness. The most vital outcomes of the present study were the frontal andoccipital bones can be used as important key bones for understanding the calvarialphenotypic description and sexual dimorphism in different skeletal patterns, while thesphenoid and parietal bones can be used as reference bones for standardization ofcephalometric analysis.
Assessment of facial proportions in a sample of Iraqi adults with normal occlusion
Authors: Nahidh Dr. Mohammed Nahidh , Al-Chalabi Dr. Hiba M. H. , Kadhom Dr. Zainab M.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the facial proportion in a sample of Iraqi adults usingPeck and Peck analysis and to verify the presence of genders differences.60 Arab adult subjects (30 males and 30 females) having normal skeletal anddental relation and acceptable facial profile were chosen for this study. Eachindividual was subjected to clinical examination and digital true lateral cephalometricradiograph in the natural head position. The radiographs were analyzed usingAutoCAD 2007. Descriptive statistics was obtained for the variables for both genders;independent samples t-test was performed to evaluate the genders difference.The mean values of the facial, maxillo-facial, naso-maxillary, maxillary and totalvertical angles are nearly similar in both genders with a non-significant difference.There is slight increase in the nasal angle in females and mandibular angle in maleswith a significant and highly significant genders difference respectively.Both genders showed proportional faces, although there is slight increase in thenasal angle in females and mandibular angle in males.
Effect of surface treatment on shear bond strength of artificial teeth to the denture base
Authors: Abdul- Fatah Dr. Nabeel Abdul- Fatah , Mohammed Dr. Mithaq Radhi
Published: August 2022

Fracture or debonding of plastic teeth from the denture base are common clinicalproblems, the optimal combination of acrylic resin denture teeth and microware cureddenture base resin is not well known .one hundred and twenty teeth (florident, acrylicteeth cross-linked, china) were prepared and cured by heat cured (AkrilEks, heatcuringresin for denture powder liquid, GuLSA LTD. Izmir-Turkey), and microwarecured (Acron mc, microwave-curing denture base resin powder liquid, GCLABTechnologies inc. Alsip,IL60803 Japan) acrylic resin were used, then the teeth weredivided into six groups and treated with different surface treatment, the first groupreceived no further treatment(control); the second group treatment with diatoricpreparation; the third group treated with thinner(Turpentine-DYNA CoAT, Thinner,Netherlands); the fourth group treated with tone(Propanone, Acetone, England 99%Purity-Analyer); the fifth group were diatoric conditioned with acetone; the sixthgroup were diatoric conditioned with thinner;(2nd group, 5th group and 6th group hadbeen a cutting mesiodistal retention grooves 2mm deep and 3mm wide acute intoridge lap in acrylic resin teeth. One hundred and twenty specimens were divided intotwo groups, first one was processed by conventional method and the other oneprocessed by microwave method and then tested by instron universal testing machine(instron corporation 1195,canton mass).The results showed than microwave-curedresin has a significant lower shear bond strength(SBS) mean values than water bathcuredresin to all denture teeth types. All surface treatment application improvedthe(SBS) significantly level at(p value < 0.05), while the sixth group (diatoricconditioned with thinner) showed the highest(SBS) than other group. The types ofacrylic denture resin, surface treatment and curing technique influenced the shearbond strength of the tooth to the base the results of this study influenced the shearbond strength of the tooth to the base. The results of this study indicate that diatoriccondition with thinner may be recommended to be applied on the denture ridge lapprior to denture base processing.
Histologic evaluation of bone healing following lowenergy laser irradiation (experimental study
Authors: Mustafa Dr. Nazih S. , Kashmoola Dr. Mohannad A. , Abbas Dr. Ali H.
Published: August 2022

The application of laser is widely used in many branches of medicine and surgery.The high energy laser has coagulating, cauterizing and destructive effect, while thelow energy laser has a bio- stimulating effect.A hole was made using a surgical bur in zygomatic bone of four rabbits and a lowenergy laser was applied on zygomatic bone of experimental group and compared tocontrol non- irradiated group.This study showed that application of low-energy laser has a promoting effect andfacilitate bone deposition in the bony defect of the experimental group whencompared to control group.It may be concluded that application of low-energy laser have promoting effect onacceleration of bone healing.
Water sorption of three types of composite resins
Authors: Shalan Dr. Linz Ali , Yasin Dr. Samar Abdul Hamed
Published: August 2022

Silorane low shrink composite resin material introduced with a non-methacrylateresin matrix to realize a fundamental improvement in cure shrinkage, clinical andphysical properties. The aim of this study is to measure the water sorption of threetype of composite material: Filtek P90, Filtek P60, IPS Empress composites afterimmersion in deionized distilled water as a function of time.Thirty disk shape plastic molds (4 mm diameter and 2mm thickness) wereconstructed to form composite blocks. Teen blocks were made from Filtek P 90(Silorane) GI, Filtek P 60 (packable) GII and IPS Empress (Nanohybrid) GIII. Allspecimens were placed in a silica-gel desiccator for 48 hours. The samples were thenweighed three times using calibrated electronic microbalance and the average readingwas recorded to the nearest 0. 0001g then specimens were kept in individualcontainers in deionized distilled water at 37 oC. All specimens were periodicallyweighed. The weight measurements were taken from the second day after incubationand continue as one measurement every week for 6 weeks. Data were subjected tostatistical analysis using descriptive analysis, ANOVA and least significantdifferences LSD test.Statistical analysis of the results showed that all the specimens continued to gainweight for a period of 4 weeks. After that period the weight gain continued, althoughat reduced rate. Filtek P90 (Silorane) GI has highly significant less water sorptionvalue ( p < 0.01) than the other groups after 6 weeks, while there was no significantdifferences ( p > 0.٠٥) between IPS Empress (Nanohybrid ) GIII and Filtek P60 (Packable ) GII in their water sorption value with higher value for GIII.Silorane which based on siloxane and oxirane resin matrix has less value after 6weeks followed by Packable composite while IPS Empress has higher value for watersorption. This study concluded that the differences in water sorption capacity of thethree composite resin materials are related to the differences in the type of resinmatrix, the amount of filler loading and filler particle size.
Evaluation of enamel surface damage after debonding using three different pliers "An in vitro study"
Authors: Mahdi, Dr. Hadeel A. , Ghaib Prof. Dr.Nidhal H . , Saloom Assist. Prof. Dr. Hayder Fadhil
Published: August 2022

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three different pliers in debondingstainless steel and ceramic brackets, also to evaluate enamel surface damage and thesite of bond failure after debonding.Sixty premolars, extracted for orthodontic purposes, were divided into 3 groups of20. The enamel surfaces were examined with 10X magnifying lens. Two types ofbracket (stainless steel and ceramic) was bonded and debonded in each group using:conventional debonding pliers, bracket removal pliers, and ligature wire cutter. Afterdebonding, the enamel surfaces were inspected under a stereomicroscope to determinethe predominant site of bond failure. Then stereomicroscope was used to evaluateenamel surface damage after the removal of residual adhesive.The enamel surface damage showed a statistically significant difference in ceramicbracket groups, whereas, it was statistically insignificant in stainless steel bracketgroups. The amount of the adhesive remained on the tooth surface was statisticallyinsignificant in both stainless steel and ceramic bracket groups. The predominantfailure site was within the adhesive itself for both types of brackets.The enamel surface damage that results from debonding of ceramic brackets washigher than that found with the stainless steel brackets especially with the use ofbracket removal pliers "used in this study"
Presurgical evaluation of malignant neck nodes by assessment it’s Intranodal vascularity using the color Doppler ultra sound
Authors: AbdlKareem Dr. Nazhat M.
Published: August 2022

Color Doppler ultra sound is an ideal imaging tool for initial assessment ofintranodular vascularity which may reflect some pathological behaviors of tumorsand lymph nodes in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. The aim of this studywas to evaluate the usefulness of Color Doppler ultra sound in differentiatingbenign from malignant cervical lymph nodes by the assessment of Nodalvascularity. In a prospective study of 24 untreated patient with 65 cervical lymphnodes clinically including enlarged hard and soft palpable and non palpable lymphnodes . All these lymph nodes were evaluated with Color Doppler ultra sound as apre-surgical diagnostic tool, the findings were compared with histo-pathalogicalresults.Fine needle Aspiration cytology was used for 15 palpable enlarged cervicallymph nodes, most of these lymph nodes 12 lymph nodes were associated withreactive lymph nodes and not operated on, just follow up with antibiotic treatmentand performed only 3 lymph nodes were associated with malignant lymph nodeswhich removed surgically and assessed histopathologically.Upon Color Doppler ultra sound examination pre-operatively of 65 cervicallymph nodes were found 20 lymph nodes as a reactive lymph nodes and 45 asmalignant lymph nodes.After neck dissection, all lymph nodes histo-pathologically examined whichshowed 22 benign lymph nodes and 43 lymph nodes containing metastases. Nodalvasculature were classified into:· Hilar· Capsular· Hilar with capsular vascularityResults: most of the malignant nodes showed the presence of capsular vascularity andcapsular with hilar vascularity, 37.2% and 48.8% respectively, where as themajority of the reactive nodes showed hilar vascularity 77.3% and the different washighly significant P<0.01 when chi-square was used.Conclusion: the distribution of intra nodal vascularity appears to be useful indifferentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes by means ColorDoppler ultra sound which consider as a routine pre-surgical tool to provide thesurgeons with a valuable information that aids them to modify their surgicalmanagement
Clinicopathological evaluation of Odontogenic Cysts in Maysan city in Iraq (retrospective study).
Authors: Ali Dr. Yahya A.
Published: August 2022

Iraqi populations in Maysan general hospital (Maysan -Iraq) and compare thisprevalence with other international studies.Data of this study were obtained from reports of patients diagnosed withodontogenic cysts between 2007 and 2010. Case records of patients who fit theHistological Classification of the World Health Organization (2005) were included.The following variables were analyzed: gender, age group, anatomical location andhistological type. Odontogenic cysts accounted for 90 % of all lesions biopsiedthroughout the study period. Pain feeling and clinical expansion were recorded inmost of our patients. Mean patient age was (28) years and (61%) of the patients weremales. Radicular cyst was the most prevalent histological type (28.75%), followed byodontogenic keratocyst (25%) then dentigerous cyst (23.75%). The mandible was themost prevalent site of the lesions (55%).Odontogenic cysts appear to have a distinct predilection for the male gender, thethird decade of life and are more frequent in the mandible. Awareness about theprevalence and characteristics of odontogenic cysts is important in primary diagnosisand treatment of these lesions.
Alummouth Wash as an Adjunctive Treatment in Chronic Periodontits
Authors: Jawad Dr. Kadhim Jawad , Auwaid Dr. Hussain Auwaid
Published: August 2022

The term of (Alum) refers to various isomorphous double sulfates composed oftrivalent and univalent metals, especially aluminum potassium sulfate, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O, Alum as a compound has been used in past to treat different oral andmedical conditions. Using of alum as a mouth wash in periodontology was notcompletely explored and only a few studies were carried out regarding this subject.This study was carried out to observe the effect of alum as an adjunctive therapy inperiodontitis.One hundred twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly allocatedinto four groups. The first group treated with conventional root planing procedureusing periodontal curette. The other three groups were treated with the sameconventional procedure followed by twice a day mouth rinse with differentconcentrations of Alum solutions for three weeks after root planing. Means of PLI, GI& PD were calculated for the participants before treatment and three weeks after.Results of this research showed a significant decrease in all study parameters in allgroups with significant differences between the two different modalities of treatment.Alum solution can be a good adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis, butmore studies are needed on both short and long terms.
Estimation of pubertal growth using Hand-Wrist radiographs and Orthopantomographs (prospective study)
Authors: Al-Juboori Dr.Hala A. , Saloom Assist. Prof. Dr. Hayder Fadhil , Al-Bustani Assist. Prof. Dr. Ali Al-Bustani
Published: August 2022

The present study tried to verify the most familiar method to orthodontist forpubertal stage estimation which is very important in orthodontic diagnosis and plan byusing Hand – Wrist radiographs and Orthopantomography (OPG). The sample of thisstudy has been selected from patients who were attending the Orthodontic departmentand Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry department at the College of Dentistry –Baghdad University. Before starting the study a legal approval was obtained and theobjective of the study was explained to the parents of each participant. The sampleconsisted of 90 subjects (45 females and 45 males), of certain criteria, between 10 and16 years of age. The subjects of the sample were of Iraqi Arab origin; the radiographswere interpreted by specialist radiologist. Developmental stage of mandibular left 2ndmolar show a higher correlation with skeletal maturation stage of hand and wristbones (r=0.9) than the canine (r=0.7) for both males and females and can beconsidered as reliable indicator for maturational stage of individual. The skeletal ageis matched the chronological age at the pubertal growth spurt approximately 12 yearsfor females and 14 years for males, and then the sample had a tendency towardsadvanced maturation with mean skeletal age of the participating subjects being greaterthan the chronological age at the maturity stages. Developmental stage of mandibularleft 2nd molar might be considered as reliable indicator for maturational stage ofindividual, For the sample of this study, the skeletal age is matched the chronologicalage at the pubertal growth spurt approximately 12 years for females and 14 years formales.
Tissue response to implanted dental material in rabbits
Authors: Al-Hujazi R. Athraa Y. , Abdul Khafoor Dr. Mayada Qasim , Issa Dr. Eman Issa
Published: August 2022

Aim of the study: is to assess the tissue compatibility of implanted dental material.Material and methods: fourteen albino rabbits were used for subcutaneous implantfor 14 days of different dental metallic material includes titanium, cobalt chromeand nickel chrome.Result: titanium and cobalt chrome show fibrous capsule formation while nickelchrome shows necrotic tissue filled the area of the implant.Conclusion: to minimize biologic risk, dentists should select dental materials thathave the low tissue toxicity, allergy and sensitivity, with proper manufacturing andquality control of metals.
Comparison of apical sealability of three obturation techniques (an in vitro study)
Authors: Mehdi Prof. Dr. Jamal Aziz , Kubba Dr. Montadher S.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability and the time required tocomplete obturationof three different obturation techniques.The palatal roots of sixtymaxillary first molar teeth were selectedfor this study. The root canals prepared usingProFile rotary instruments to an apical dimension of size 40 (.06 taper). Thespecimenswere then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (20 sample of each) and filledwith gutta-percha and sealer byusing either cold lateral compaction, Thermafil, or theEasy & Quick Master system.For the first parameter(Time of obturation), the resultsshowed that Thermafil technique required the least time to complete obturation and itwas significantly lower than other twogroups.The second measurement(Microleakage) showed that the lateral condensation technique leaked apically andsignificantly higher than other test groups, while the Thermafil group exhibited theleast value of apical microleakage.
The relationship of facial asymmetry and bite force to handedness in Iraqi adult sample
Authors: Kadhim Dr. Hayder A. , Saloom Dr. Hayder F. , Ali Dr. Suhad M.
Published: August 2022

Facial asymmetry is a normal finding in clinically symmetrical faces. Theasymmetry in general was either functional and/or structural in nature. The objectiveof this study was to investigate the relationship of the amount and direction of facialasymmetry in clinically symmetrical faces with class I normal occlusion tohandedness, and to discover if there is any relation of occlusal bite force withhandedness and facial asymmetry in Iraqi Arab adult sample.The sample was 60 untreated Iraqi adult persons, 30 right handers, 30 left handersand each group consisted of 15 males and 15 females, with age range 18-25 years. Foreach subject a posteroanterior radiograph was taken, and then a maximum molar biteforce was measured digitally in the first molar area on each side.All subjects of the sample showed skeletal asymmetry although they have normalocclusion and it was significantly greater in right handers than in left handers(P<0.05).Skeletal asymmetry was greater in males than females for both right and lefthanders. In right-handers, the mean facial area on the left side was significantlygreater than that on the right side (P=0.000). In left handers, the mean facial area onthe right side was found to be significantly greater than that on the left side only infemales (P=0.004).The bite force, in both right and left handed groups, was larger in males than infemales, with significant difference in right handers (P=0.03) and highly significantdifference in left handers (P=0.001).Facial dimensions tend to be larger in males than in females. Skeletal asymmetrywas present even in clinically symmetrical faces with teeth in normal occlusion and itwas highly correlated to handedness. Bite force was independent of handedness withsignificantly greater molar bite force in males than females.
Role of Translation in Concluding International Agreements and Preserving International Law: A Case Study of Translating International Law into Arabic
Authors: Al Owaisi Aiman Musabah
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses international agreements as a source of international law and their relationship to the field of translation. It explores the way bilateral agreements and multilateral international agreements are drafted and how translation is involved in this process, with a focus on the English-Arabic drafting of agreements. It also examines how translation can affect the process of concluding these agreements, their interpretation after being signed, and their application. The paper also discusses the role translation plays in the consolidation of international law through international agreements. The study concludes by providing a number of recommendations to improve the practices of utilizing translation in the context of international agreements.
University students’ attitudes toward extremist activity
Authors: Besschetnova Olga , Besschetnova Oksana , Kashitsyna Ludmila , Medvedeva Natalia , Shatskov Pavel
Published: August 2022

Study goal: to explore university students’ attitudes toward extremist activity. Methods: The study is conducted on the students of Balashovsky Institute (branch) of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Vocational Education “Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky” (SSU BI) studying in pedagogical areas of education. Results: The study reveals average and high levels of ethnic tolerance in the students; most respondents consider the reasons behind the adoption of extremist ideology to be social factors; every second student condemns the actions of extremist nature in any form; as measures to counter extremism, the respondents suggest educational, outreach, informational technologies. To reduce the risks of the involvement of youth in extremist communities in a multinational region, an additional education program “Prevention of intolerance and extremism among young people” is developed and implemented in the educational component of the university.
Moroccan CPGE Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Approaches: The Case of Moulay Ismail CPGE Classes
Authors: Chana Si Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Critical thinking is one of the core soft skills required and highly appreciated to integrate into the job market. Moroccan preparatory classes (henceforth CPGE) are considered one of the educational institutions that aim to train future managers and engineers by boosting students’ cognitive abilities, notably critical thinking. However, an appropriate approach to learning is necessary for efficient critical thinking-based instruction; effective development of students learning approach certainly can contribute to the development of students’ cognitive abilities. Accordingly, this study aims at examining learning approaches and critical thinking skills levels from the CPGE teachers’ and students’ perspectives. It also tries to investigate the relationship between CPGE students’ critical thinking skills level and their use of different approaches to learning. Finally, the study considers some techniques and methods used by CPGE teachers to improve students’ learning approaches and, by extension, their critical thinking skills level. The study includes 60 students studying at Moulay Ismail CPGE Center, Meknes, and 32 teachers from different Moroccan CPGE centers. The concept of triangulation is used in this paper to cross-examine the findings and increase their reliability and credibility. The results yield that CPGE students learning approaches and critical thinking are mediocre; as for the relationship between the two variables, the analysis of the findings revealed a positive significant correlation between critical thinking learning and a deep approach to learning; the more CPGE students tend to rely on deep approaches to learning, the more they manage to improve their level of critical thinking skills.
A Review of Cognitive Diagnosis Assessment in Language from 2000 to 2021: A Visualized Analysis with CiteSpace II
Authors: Sun Huihui , Kang Yuying
Published: August 2022

As an assessment approach, Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (hereafter CDA) provides fine-grained evaluations of examinees based on their test performance for stakeholders. It has received much attention since it was applied in language testing. Hence, it is crucial to keep abreast of emerging trends and the intellectual base of CDA in language assessment to offer guidance for future testers. In order to have a whole picture of CDA in language, a synthesized network is depicted in this paper based on 1614 original research and review papers, which are obtained from a refined topic search on "cognitive diagnosi*" from 2000 and 2021. CiteSpace is utilized to simplify the analysis of the research hotspots, emerging trends, and intellectual structure. The paper starts with a brief description of the involved time, region, and discipline, aiming to picture a whole image of CDA. Then research topics and the intellectual structure of CDA are emphasized. The findings show that most existing research focuses on theoretical discussions. Few practical applications highlight writing diagnoses and retrofitting reading assessments. A recent emerging trend is utilizing CDA to implement longitudinal supervision through computer-based assessments and intelligent tutoring systems.
Research on the Application of “Reflection Design” Concept in Architectural Review Course
Authors: Xiaoye Sun , Xiaojian Wang , Zixuan Wang
Published: August 2022

At present, Chinese architectural education overemphasizes the pursuit of formal design teaching goals, lack of rational and humanistic analysis, resulting in students ignoring the understanding of the essence of architecture, thus staying in the stage of schema imitation. Rafael Moneo's architectural theory advocates the practicality of concrete analysis of concrete problems. The purpose of this study was, through the study of Rafael Moneo's architectural design ideas and works, establish a teaching course based on the concept of "reflection design ", which provides a theoretical and practical basis for future architectural review courses. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and verified the validity of the "reflection design" theory by experimental method. The study revealed that "reflective design "theory can be effectively applied in architectural review courses so that students would have their own understanding of design rather than blindly follow it. The theory improves teaching quality in architectural review courses. In view of these results, the study recommends that design be pertinent, and the teaching of architectural review courses should focus on combining students' practice and theory.
Design of an LMI-based Polytopic LQR Cruise Controller for an Autonomous Vehicle towards Riding Comfort
Authors: Tran Gia Quoc Bao , Pham Thanh-Phong , Sename Olivier , Gáspár Péter
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we present an LMI-based approach for comfort-oriented cruise control of an autonomous vehicle. First, vehicle longitudinal dynamics and a corresponding parameter-dependent state-space representation are explained and discussed. An LMI-based polytopic LQR controller is then designed for the vehicle speed to track the reference value in the presence of noise and disturbances, where the scheduling parameters are functions of the vehicle mass and the speed itself. An appropriate disturbance force compensation term is also included in the designed controller to provide a smoother response. Then we detail how the reference speed is calculated online, using polynomial functions of the given desired comfort level (quantified by the vertical acceleration absorbed by the human body) and of the road type characterized by road roughness. Finally, time-domain simulations illustrate the method’s effectiveness.
Investigating the Anatomy Learning Experiences of Undergraduate Paramedic Students
Authors: Carnicelli Anthony , Williams Anne-Marie , Edwards Dale
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The study of human anatomy forms a foundational knowledge base essential for healthcare professional practice including paramedicine. However, little is known about the experiences and perceptions of undergraduate student paramedics towards learning anatomy. The aim of this study was to investigate this, utilising a questionnaire previously validated in medical students.

Methods

To explore anatomy learning experiences, a 32-item anatomy learning experiences questionnaire (ALEQ) modified for use with paramedicine students was distributed online to students enrolled in the Bachelor of Paramedic Practice at the University of Tasmania. Quantitative statistics were used to identify differences in responses between student groups. Cronbach's alpha assessed the reliability of the modified ALEQ.

Results

Fifty-one usable responses were obtained (20% response rate). Psychometric analysis demonstrated good overall reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.88). The students perceived several learning activities as positive including textbooks, online learning and practical classes. However, it was generally felt the amount of content to learn was daunting. Furthermore, the students indicated working with cadavers would be highly beneficial for their learning. The relevance of anatomy was also recognised as being important to future clinical practice.

Conclusion

Despite the low response rate, the modified ALEQ was a reliable instrument to investigate the anatomy learning experiences and perceptions of paramedicine students. Further research with a larger cohort is required to confirm the reliability and generalisability of the results.
PENCIPTAAN GAMBAR ILUSTRASI DARI NILAI NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA
Authors: Yusup Ikhsanudin , Haryana Warli
Published: August 2022

The Indonesian nation is a rich nation that has a variety of cultures with their plural nature. Diversity includes differences in culture, religion, race, language, ethnicity, tradition and so on. In such a multicultural society, tensions and conflicts often occur between cultural groups and have an impact on the harmony of life. Religious moderation is very much needed in diversity and the role of religious educators in realizing national peace, so that it is hoped that it can create peace and peace for the Indonesian nation. Therefore, the author wants to campaign for the values of religious moderation through the media of illustration images which are expected to educate the importance of religious moderation for the community.Keywords: religious moderation, illustration images, media
PEWARNAAN MENGGUNAKAN ZAT WARNA DIREK DENGAN PENGENTAL DALAM PEMBUATAN ’KAIN TRITIK
Authors: Santoso Ratna Endah , Josef Adji Isworo , Affanti Tiwi Bina , - Sarwono - , Utami Lira Anundita
Published: August 2022

This research was conducted to create a method for dyeing trick using Direct dyestuff. The developed coloring is staining using thickener but not used through printing. The study is concentrated on the results of the dyeing process on tricks with Direct dyestuff with thickener. The method used is descriptive qualitative in the discussion of the coloring results. From the results of this study, it was found that dyeing with Direct dyestuff using a thickener in the manufacture of tritik fabric produced tritik motifs. The sharpness of the resulting motif varies at each level of thickener concentration. The thickener concentrations used in this study were 5 g/l, 20 g/l, 35 g/l, 50 g/l, 65 g/l, and 80 g/l, for every 1 liter of dye solution. With a low thickener concentration, the tritik motif looks less sharp, the color aging is higher, and the staining results look more even. The unevenness that arises due to the use of high concentrations of thickener is seen to form a marble-like pattern. The sharpness of the resulting motif in this staining does not always correspond to the high concentration of the thickener. Variations in the non-sharpness of the colored motifs can also appear on one piece of tritik fabric that is produced.
DESIGN GAME PUZZLE UNTUK TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR MENGGUNAKAN ADOBE CC ANIMATE 2018
Authors: Thang John , Sari Ria Eka
Published: August 2022

Playing is something that is very popular with children because playing is an activity that can build motor nerves and children's growth and development. Design of the puzzle game designed is a research based on a quantitative approach due to the transition from a pandemic to an endemic period after the decline in the spread of the covid-19 virus. This puzzle game is designed not only to provide games for elementary school children but also to increase the intelligence of thinking for these children. The design of this puzzle game uses quantitative data collection and 5W 1H analysis methods. The results of this game design can later be downloaded via the link provided.
Benzalkonium Chloride for Experimental Dry Eye Induction in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Yoon Hee Su , Jin Rujun , Yoon Hyeon Jeong , Yoon Kyung Chul
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study compared the clinical parameters and histological findings according to the benzalkonium chloride concentration (BAC; 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) for inducing experimental dry eye (EDE) in a rabbit model.Methods: Rabbits were divided into four groups according to the BAC concentration: untreated group, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% BAC. BAC was instilled topically in both eyes of the rabbits twice daily until they were euthanized after 14 days. Tear volume, tear break-up time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining score (CFS) were measured 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after treatment. After excising tissues on day 14, the conjunctival goblet cell density and corneal epithelial apoptosis were quantified.Results: The tear volume and TBUT were lower and the CFS was higher than baseline values after 14, 10, and 5 days in the 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% BAC groups, respectively (all p < 0.05). At 14 days, the 0.2% BAC group showed more significant aggravation of all clinical parameters, and the 0.1% BAC group had a lower CFS (all p < 0.05) than the 0.05% BAC group. In all BAC groups, the conjunctival goblet cell density was lower and corneal epithelial apoptosis was significantly higher than in the untreated group (all p < 0.01). The conjunctival goblet cell density was lower in the 0.2% BAC group than in the 0.05% BAC group. Between-group differences in corneal epithelial apoptosis were observed in all experimental groups (all p < 0.01).Conclusions: Instilling BAC for 14 days induced EDE in the 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% BAC groups. Although 0.2% BAC cannot be used for a severe EDE model, it is useful for inducing EDE in a rabbit model in a short time.
Changes in Corneal Thickness in Congenital Glaucoma, Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lee Chaeyeon , Lee Eun Jung , Jang Yoonkyung , Han Jong Chul , Kee Chang Won
Published: August 2022

Purpose: We examined corneal thickness, particularly morphological changes in the limbus, as the intraocular pressure increased in patients with congenital glaucoma.Methods: We retrospectively studied 31 children (47 eyes) with congenital glaucoma and 12 controls (12 eyes). We used anterior segment tomography to measure corneal thicknesses at the center, the midpoint of the 2-5 mm pericentral zone, the corneo-limbal junction, and the scleral spurs on the nasal and temporal sides. The peripheral central corneal thickness ratios were calculated and analyzed using a generalized estimation equation.Results: The cornea was significantly thinner in the glaucoma than in the control group. The difference was more prominent in the periphery than the center. Associated with such peripheral thinning, the corneal thickness ratios at the corneal-limbal junction and the center differed significantly between the two groups.Conclusions: In congenital glaucoma patients, the cornea is generally thinner than that of the controls, particularly at the corneo-limbal junction, suggesting that the limbus is biomechanically susceptible to deformation by intraocular pressure.