bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk‐stratified management strategies for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A tertiary center population review over nearly 5 years
Authors: Xu Tingting , Zhan Yongchi , Chen Daijuan , Deng Xixi , Mao Chihui , Xu Jinfeng , Wang Xing , Guo Bing , Wang Xiaodong
Published: July 2023

Objective

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, resulting in a higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Methods

The authors conducted a retrospective study of 2385 singletons with ICP who underwent risk‐stratified management strategies. To explore the risks of perinatal outcomes of ICP, subgroup analyses were performed using different total bile acid (TBA) levels.

Results

In this study, there was only one stillbirth and one neonatal death. Among the study cohort, 2299 patients had ICP with a TBA level ≥10 μmol/L and 86 had ICP with a TBA level <10 μmol/L. The 2299 patients with ICP (TBA level ≥ 10 μmol/L) were divided into three groups: mild ICP (n = 1803), severe ICP (n = 400), and extremely severe ICP (n = 96). Increased TBA concentration was associated with an increased incidence of preterm birth, newborn asphyxia, neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization, meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, and low birth weight in the three groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, severe and extremely severe ICP with hypotonic absonant uterine contraction had a significant effect on neonatal asphyxia (odds ratio, 5.06 [95% confidence interval, 1.09–23.37]; P < 0.05) and meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (odds ratio, 2.37 [95% confidence interval, 1.43–3.93]; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Hypotonic absonant uterine contractions could be high‐risk stressors for severe and extremely severe ICP; hence, proper prenatal care is recommended. Risk‐stratified management strategies for ICP are critical to obtaining better maternal‐fetal outcomes.
Effects of transfusing older red blood cells and platelets on obstetric patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Obonyo Nchafatso G. , Lu Lawrence Y. , White Nicole M. , Sela Declan P. , Rachakonda Reema H. , Teo Derek , Tunbridge Matthew , Sim Beatrice , See Hoe Louise E. , Fanning Jonathon P. , Tung John‐Paul , McKnoulty Matthew , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Suen Jacky Y. , Fraser John F.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate associations between transfusion of blood products close to the end of shelf‐life and clinical outcomes in obstetric inpatients.

Methods

Mortality and morbidity were compared in patients transfused exclusively with red blood cells (RBC) stored for less than 21 days (fresh) versus RBC stored for 35 days or longer (old), and platelets (PLT) stored for 3 days or fewer (fresh) versus 4 days or longer (old) in Queensland, Australia from 2007 to 2013. Multivariable models were used to examine associations between these groups of blood products and clinical end points.

Results

There were 3371 patients who received RBC and 280 patients who received PLT of the eligible storage durations. Patients transfused with old RBC received fewer transfusions (2.7 ± 1.8 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0 units; P < 0.001). However, a higher rate of single‐unit transfusions was also seen in those patients who exclusively received old RBC (252 [9.3%] vs. 92 [13.7%]; P = 0.003). Comparison of fresh vs. old blood products revealed no differences in the quantities of transfused RBC (9.5 ± 5.9 vs. 9.1 ± 5.2 units; P = 0.680) or PLT (1.5 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 1.1 units; P = 0.301) as well as the length of hospital stay for RBC (3 [2–5] vs. 3 [2–5] days; P = 0.124) or PLT (5 [4–8] vs. 6 [4–9] days; P = 0.120).

Conclusion

Transfusing exclusively older RBC or PLT was not associated with increased morbidity or mortality.
Regioselective synthesis of multi‐functionalized benzopyranophenazine derivatives: Comparative studies on corrosion inhibition efficiency on mild steel in 1M H2SO4 solution
Authors: Leelakrishnan Saraswathi , Elumalai Dhanasekar , Nachimuthu Gunavathy , Pitchaipillai Muthukrishnan , Jayabal Kamalraja
Published: July 2023

Objectives

A regioselective approach has been developed for the synthesis of benzopyranophenazine derivatives using In (OTf)3 as a catalyst in one‐pot synthesis. Further, these synthesized compounds were successfully used as organic corrosion inhibitors on mild steel in 1M H2SO4 solution.

Methods

The synthesized organic inhibitors were confirmed using NMR, and HRMS and their regioselectivity was confirmed by DFT studies using the B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) basis set. Further, the corrosion, and inhibition efficiencies were confirmed by various methods such as weight loss technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization studies.

Results

The two synthesized compounds MBPPand BBPP show excellent corrosion inhibition properties than the previously reported organic inhibitors, especially, the electron‐donating nature of methoxy‐substituted phenazine derivatives show superior corrosion inhibition properties as 98.96 in 900 ppm than electron withdrawing bromo substituted phenazine derivative in the same concentration which indicates that the electronic structure of the organic inhibitor plays an important role in the corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel in an acid medium.

Conclusion

The synthesized compound efficiently inhibits the corrosion on the mild steel surface and it forms a barrier on the metal surface. As a result, the phenazine derivatives of both MBPP and BBPP act as very effective corrosion inhibitors and the electron‐donating nature of MBPP shows more inhibition efficiency than BBPP inhibitors.
Youth perspectives of working with near peer youth lay counsellors: The Safe Haven Pilot
Authors: Garriott Anna , Gulubane Godwill , Poku Ohemaa B. , Archibald Nicole , Entaile Patlo , Tshume Ontibile , Phoi Onkemetse , Matshaba Mogomotsi , Ahmed Charisse V. , Lowenthal Elizabeth D. , Brooks Merrian
Published: July 2023

Youth living with HIV (YLWH) have higher rates of common mental disorders (CMDs) when compared with HIV‐negative youth. We adapted the Friendship Bench to create a problem solving‐based counselling intervention in Botswana delivered by near peer youth lay counsellors for YLWH called Safe Haven. In August 2020, and from June to August 2021, we conducted 22 semistructured interviews with youth aged 13–25 years with mild‐to‐moderate symptoms of CMDs. Two independent coders carried out an inductive thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews with discrepancies discussed to consensus. Safe Haven was seen as largely acceptable among the youth. Youth felt Safe Haven was a place where they had freedom of expression and could receive practical advice from well‐trained and approachable counsellors. Trained youth lay peer counsellors show promise to meet the mental health needs of mild and moderately symptomatic youth, where mental health professionals are in short supply.
Nanoarchitectonics of Bimetallic MOF@Lab‐Grade Flexible Filter Papers: An Approach Towards Real‐Time Water Decontamination and Circular Economy
Authors: Rego Richelle M. , Ajeya Kanalli V. , Jung Ho‐Young , Kabiri Shervin , Jafarian Mehdi , Kurkuri Mahaveer D. , Kigga Madhuprasad
Published: July 2023

This study presents a novel approach to decontaminate ferrocyanide‐contaminated wastewater. The work effectively demonstrates the use of bimetallic Mo/Zr‐UiO‐66 as a super‐adsorbent for rapid sequestration of Prussian blue, a frequently found iron complex in cyanide‐contaminated soils/groundwater. The exceptional performance of Mo/Zr‐UiO‐66 is attributed to the insertion of secondary metallic sites, which deliver synergistic effects, benefiting the inherent qualities of the framework. Moreover, to extend the industrial applications of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in real‐world scenarios, an approach is delivered to structure the nanocrystalline powders into MOF‐based macrostructures. The work demonstrates an interfacial process to develop continuous MOF nanostructures on ordinary laboratory‐grade filter papers. The novelty of the work lies in the development of robust free‐standing filtration materials to purify PB dye‐contaminated water. Additionally, the work embraces a circular economy concept to address problems related to resource scarcity, excessive waste production, and maintenance of economic benefits. Consequently, the PB dye‐loaded adsorbent waste is re‐employed for the adsorption of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+). Simultaneously, the study aims to address the problems related to the real‐time handling of powdered adsorbents, and the generation of ecologically harmful secondary waste, thereby, progressing toward a more sustainable system.
Reinforcement detail: Stress trajectory‐oriented corbel reinforcement
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Käseberg Stefan , Holschemacher Klaus
Published: July 2023

The article presents a novel design of concrete corbels, where horizontal and vertical stirrups are replaced by main reinforcement bars that are bent down into the corbel web, following the principal stress lines. A test series of three specimen pairs of fanned‐out and conventional reinforcement design, supported by finite element analysis, shows that the same capacity can be achieved with a significantly lower amount of reinforcement steel and a higher ductility.
Regulatory mechanism of RNA binding motif protein 15‐mediated N6 methyladenosine modification in proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Chen Jiangmu
Published: July 2023

This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of RNA binding motif protein 15 (RBM15) on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. RBM15, KLF1, or SIN3A expression in CRC tissues and cells was detected by RT‐qPCR or Western blot. CRC cell functions were measured by CCK‐8, colony formation, and Transwell assays after RBM15 intervention. MeRIP and RIP measured N6 methyladenosine (m6A) and IGF2BP3 enrichment on KLF1 mRNA. ChIP and dual‐luciferase analyzed KLF1 enrichment on SIN3A promoter. Combined experiments verified the effect of KLF1/SIN3A on CRC cell functions. Lung/liver metastasis models were established to validate the effect of RBM15 on CRC in vivo. RBM15, KLF1, and SIN3A were highly expressed in CRC. RBM15 knockdown reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, RBM15 facilitated KLF1 mRNA stability and expression through IGF2BP3‐dependent m6A modification, thus promoting KLF1 enrichment on the SIN3A promoter and activating SIN3A transcription. Overexpression of KLF1 or SIN3A reversed the inhibitory effect of RBM15 knockdown on CRC cells. In vivo experiments verified that RBM15 promoted tumorigenesis and lung/liver metastasis via KLF1/SIN3A axis. In conclusion, RBM15 stimulated CRC proliferation and metastasis by promoting the KLF1/SIN3A axis through IGF2BP3‐dependent m6A modification.
Tralomethrin causes cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
Authors: Guo Shanshan , Wu Yaqing , Li Wenhua , Xiao Peng
Published: July 2023

Tralomethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used to control a wide range of pests in agriculture and public health, is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. However, data regarding the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of tralomethrin in aquatic organisms are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of tralomethrin in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to tralomethrin at different concentrations (16.63, 33.25, and 49.88 μg/L). Results showed that tralomethrin exposure caused cardiovascular dysplasia and dysfunction, including developmental abnormalities (pericardial edema, delayed yolk absorption, and uninflated swim bladder), elevated heart rate, and erythrogenesis disorders. Moreover, the expression patterns of crucial genes responsible for cardiovascular development (alas2, gata1a, hbbe2, nkx2.5, myl7, and myh6) also exhibited dysregulation in response to tralomethrin exposure. Oxidative stress occurred in embryos after exposure to tralomethrin. Collectively, our data suggest that exposure to tralomethrin induces cardiovascular and developmental toxicity in zebrafish. These findings are instrumental for evaluations of the environmental risk of tralomethrin in aquatic ecosystems in the future.
Application of best subset method for river water quality modeling: A study on Godavari River, India
Authors: Chintalacheruvu Madhusudana Rao , Modi Prakhar
Published: July 2023

The utilization of water quality analysis to inform optimal decision‐making is imperative to achieve sustainable management of river water quality. A multitude of research works in the past has focused on river water quality modeling. Despite being a precise statistical regression technique that allows for fitting separate models for all potential combinations of predictors and selecting the optimal subset model, the application of best subset method in river water quality modeling is not widely adopted. The current research aims to validate the use of best subset method in evaluating the water quality parameters of the Godavari River, one of the largest rivers in India, by developing regression equations for different combinations of its physicochemical parameters. The study involves in formulating best subset regression equations to estimate the concentrations of river water quality parameters while also identifying and quantifying their variations. A total of 17 water quality parameters are analyzed at 13 monitoring sites using 13 years (1993–2005) of observed data for the monsoon (June–October) period and post‐monsoon (November–February) period. The final subset model is selected among model combinations that are developed for each year's dataset through widely used statistical criteria such as R2, F value, adjusted R2a, AICc, and RSS. The final best subset model across all parameters exhibits R2 values surpassing 0.8, indicating that the models possess the ability to account for over 80% of the variations in the concentrations of dependent parameters. Therefore, the findings demonstrated the appropriateness of this method in evaluating the water quality parameters in extensive rivers. This work is very useful for decision‐making and in the management of river water quality for its sustainable use in the study area.
Count Me In: Exploring Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion through Mathematics and Children's Literature
Authors: Throop Robinson Evan
Published: July 2023

This article explores the potential of using children's literature in elementary mathematics classrooms as contexts for students to understand more fully the issues of equity, diversity, and inclusion. Informed by culturally responsive pedagogy, opportunities to link children's literature to mathematics education create cultural relevance for students and inspire confidence. An analytic framework for selecting and using children's literature provides a promising tool for teachers to question their resource choices and develop more culturally responsive pedagogy. Suggestions for resources that honor students' cultural identities, backgrounds, and languages offer teachers possibilities for building relationships, thinking mathematically, reading the world, and integrating for learning.
Long-term regulation of fat sensing in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a vegetable diet from the first feeding: focus on free fatty acid receptors and their signalling
Authors: Baranek Elodie , Heraud Cécile , Larroquet Laurence , Surget Anne , Lanuque Anthony , Terrier Frederic , Skiba-Cassy Sandrine , Jérôme Roy
Published: July 2023

Taste plays a fundamental role in an animal’s ability to detect nutrients and transmits key dietary information to the brain, which is crucial for its growth and survival. Providing alternative terrestrial ingredients early in feeding influences the growth of rainbow trout (RT, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Thus, the present study aimed to assess the influence, via long-term feeding (from the first feeding to 8 months), of alternative plant ingredients (V diet for vegetable diet v. C diet for a control diet) in RT on the mechanism of fat sensing at the gustatory level. After the feeding trial, we studied the pathways of the fat-sensing mechanism in tongue tissue and the integrated response in the brain. To this end, we analysed the expression pattern of free fatty acid receptors (ffar) 1 and 2, markers of calcium-signalling pathways (phospholipase Cβ, Orai, Stim or Serca), the serotonin level (a key neurotransmitter in taste buds) and the expression pattern of appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamus (central area of appetite regulation). The results revealed that the V diet modified the expression pattern of ffar1 and paralogs of ffar2 genes in tongue tissue, along with differential regulation of calcium-signalling pathways and a defect in serotonin level and brain turnover, without influencing neuropeptide expression. This study is the first to support that changes in feeding behaviour of RT fed a V diet could be due to the difference in nutrient sensing and a decrease in hedonic sensation. We revealed that RT have similar fat-detection mechanisms as mammals.
Evaluating Implementation Uncertainties and Defining Safe Operating Spaces for Deeply Uncertain Cooperative Multi‐City Water Supply Investment Pathways
Authors: Lau Lillian B. , Reed Patrick M. , Gold David F.
Published: July 2023

Urban water utilities are increasingly exploring cooperative regional water supply investment and management strategies due to climate change and growing demands. Theoretically, regional cooperative agreements promise improved resource efficiency by realizing economies of scale, adding flexibility for achieving improved supply reliability, and, ideally, limiting individual and collective financial risks. However, there has been little research exploring how implementation uncertainties in the partners' cooperative actions shape infrastructure investment and management pathways' robustness and drive counterparty risks. Counterparty risks potentially exacerbate collaborating partners' vulnerability to the supply and financial challenges they initially sought to mitigate through cooperation. To address these concerns, we introduce the safe operating spaces (SOS) for Deeply Uncertain Water Supply Pathways (DUSOSPathways) framework. The framework, demonstrated on the multi‐city Sedento Valley benchmarking test case, facilitates the formal characterization of the effects of implementation uncertainty within cooperative regional water supply investment and management policy pathways. Results demonstrate the path‐dependent effects of implementation uncertainties in short‐term operational drought mitigation instruments and long‐term infrastructure investments. Our analysis further reveals the potential for increased regional conflict due to asymmetries between partners' vulnerabilities to the actions of cooperating partners that can be exacerbated by other deeply uncertain factors that reduce their robustness (e.g., demand growth rates). The study finally delineates SOS, beyond which utilities experience robustness degradation and increased vulnerabilities to future uncertainties to guide implementation of cooperative policy pathways. Overall, this framework is broadly applicable to regional systems seeking to navigate complex cooperative regional water supply investment and management policy pathways.
A fast, low-cost, robust and high-throughput method for viral nucleic acid isolation based on NAxtra magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Ravlo Erlend , Sousa Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de , Andersen Lise Lima , Holberg-Petersen Mona , Klundby Ingvild , Aas Per Arne , Hagen Lars , Erlandsen Sten Even , Malmring Janne Fossum , Ali Zeeshan , Sharma Anuvansh , Ottesen Vegar , Bandyopadhyay Sulalit , Bjørås Magnar
Published: July 2023

The year of 2020 was profoundly marked by a global pandemic caused by a strain of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To control disease spread, a key strategy adopted by many countries was the regular testing of individuals for infection. This led to the rapid development of diagnostic testing technologies. In Norway, within a week, our group developed a test kit to quickly isolate viral RNA and safely detect SARS-CoV-2 infection with sensitivity comparable to available kits. Herein, the procedure employed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in swab samples from patients using the NTNU-COVID-19 test kit is described in detail. This procedure, based on NAxtra magnetic nanoparticles and an optimized nucleic acid extraction procedure, is robust, reliable, and straightforward, providing high-quality nucleic acids within 14 min. The NAxtra protocol is adaptable and was further validated for extraction of DNA and RNA from other types of viruses. A comparison of the protocol on different liquid handling systems is also presented. Due to the simplicity and low cost of this method, implementation of this technology to diagnose virus infections on a clinical setting would benefit health care systems, promoting sustainability.
Die Tyrannei der Angst
Authors: Trebin Ernst
Published: July 2023

Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die uns in der Behandlung von
Angststörungen zur Verfügung stehenden homöopathischen
Arzneien schildert der Autor einen erfolgreichen Behandlungsverlauf. Die
Patientin stand schon in längerer konstitutioneller Therapie, als eine
zuvor nicht gekannte Panik über sie hereinbrach. Das zunächst
konfuse Bild bedurfte eines längeren Anlaufs, bis nicht nur eine
passende Arznei gefunden wurde, sondern diese auch eine spürbare Wirkung
zeigte. Zur weitgehenden und nachhaltigen Stabilisierung bedurfte es allerdings
einiger Jahre der Behandlung mit einer klaren Grundlinie, aber auch mit
ergänzenden und flankierenden Mitteln.
Verschreibungen von Muttermitteln aufgrund der Causa
Authors: Wittwer Heinz
Published: July 2023

Das Gefühlsleben einer schwangeren Mutter stellt die tiefste
Prägung eines werdenden Kindes dar. Ohne spezifische Therapie bestimmen
prä- und perinatale Erlebnisse ein Leben lang die Grundtonalität
der Gefühlslage eines Menschen. Eine homöopathische Behandlung
ist in der Lage, prä- und perinatale Traumen zu mildern und
aufzulösen. Dazu haben sich in erster Linie die sogenannten Muttermittel
bewährt, die naturgemäß einen großen Bezug zu
Schwangerschaft und Geburt aufweisen. Falls anamnestische Informationen zu
prä- und perinatalen Ereignissen vorliegen, kann das passende
Muttermittel oft aufgrund der Causa verschrieben werden. Solche Verschreibungen
sind einfach und gelten als sehr zuverlässig.
Brustimplantat assoziiertes Plattenepithelkarzinom (BIA-SCC)
– eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Möllhoff Nicholas , Ehrl Denis , Fuchs Benedikt , Frank Konstantin , Alt Verena , Mayr Doris , Braig David , Giunta Riccardo E. , Hagen Christine
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund Das Brustimplantat assoziierte Plattenepithelkarzinom
(BIA-SCC) wird als eigenständige, von der Implantatkapsel ausgehende,
maligne Tumorentität diskutiert. Die FDA und die ASPS
veröffentlichten 2022 eine Mitteilung zum BIA-SCC, wobei bereits in den
1990er Jahren erstmalig ein Fallbericht von BIA-SCC erschien. Das Manuskript
fasst die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Datenlage zu dieser seltenen
Tumorentität zusammen.

Material und Methoden Die Literaturübersicht basiert auf einer
systematischen Datenabfrage aus zwei unabhängigen Datenbanken und
schließt alle Veröffentlichungen von Fällen mit
histopathologisch gesichertem BIA-SCC ein. Die Datenextraktion umfasste
Studiendesign, demografische Daten, Informationen zu den Implantaten, sowie
Details zur Diagnostik und Therapie.

Ergebnisse Die Recherche ergab 19 BIA-SCC-Fälle in 16
Publikationen, mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 57±10 Jahren. Die
Indikation zur Verwendung eines Brustimplantates war in den meisten
Fällen eine ästhetische Brustvergrößerung
(n=13). Sowohl silikon- (n=11), als auch kochsalzhaltige
(n=7) Implantate mit unterschiedlichen Oberflächen (glatt
n=3, texturiert n=3, polyurethan n=1) wurden eingesetzt.
Symptome wie einseitige Schwellung (n=18), Schmerzen (n=14) und
Erythem (n=5) traten im Durchschnitt 23±9 Jahre nach
Implantation auf. Die Bildgebung zeigte einen Flüssigkeitssaum
(n=8) oder eine Tumormasse (n=4) um das Brustimplantat. Die
häufigste chirurgische Therapie war die Explantation mit Kapsulektomie.
In 6 Fällen wurde eine Metastasierung beschrieben.

Schlussfolgerung Das BIA-SCC ist eine maligne Tumorentität, die
mit Brustimplantaten und der Kapsel um Brustimplantate in Verbindung gebracht
wird. Zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt kann aufgrund der Datenlage aus Studien mit
niedrigem Evidenzgrad V keine endgültige Aussage bezüglich
Korrelation und Kausalität des SCC in Patient*innen mit
Brustimplantaten erfolgen. Es besteht dringender Bedarf nationaler und
internationaler Brustimplantat- und Brustkrebsregister, um valide Daten zu
Inzidenz, Pathogenese, und Klinik seltener Tumorentitäten zu
erlangen.
Bone Graft Substitutes and Enhancement in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Patel Dhruv , Tatum Sherard A.
Published: July 2023

Critical-sized bone defects are a reconstructive challenge, particularly in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton. The “gold standard” of autologous bone grafting has been the work horse of reconstruction in both congenital and acquired defects of CMF skeleton. Autologous bone has the proper balance of the protein (or organic) matrix and mineral components with no immune response. Organic and mineral adjuncts exist that offer varying degrees of osteogenic, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteostimulative properties needed for treatment of critical-sized defects. In this review, we discuss the various mostly organic and mostly mineral bone graft substitutes available for autologous bone grafting. Primarily organic bone graft substitutes/enhancers, including bone morphogenic protein, platelet-rich plasma, and other growth factors, have been utilized to support de novo bone growth in setting of critical-sized bone defects. Primarily mineral options, including various calcium salt formulation (calcium sulfate/phosphate/apatite) and bioactive glasses have been long utilized for their similar composition to bone. Yet, a bone graft substitute that can supplant autologous bone grafting is still elusive. However, case-specific utilization of bone graft substitutes offers a wider array of reconstructive options.
Impacts of climate change on animal welfare
Authors: Joseph Joe , Charalambous Renae , Pahuja Harsh , Fox Dylan , Jeon Jiwoo , Ko Ning-Yuan , Rao Nishit , Wang Zhiheng , Nerurkar Sneh Kashinath , Sherekar Sharvari Avinash , Yang Yifei , Regester Kate Dutton- , Narayan Edward
Published: July 2023

Climate change has a significant impact on domesticated and wildlife animals globally. Projections for a 2°C rise in atmospheric temperature will result in catastrophic impacts globally. Animal welfare is an integral component of human-animal interaction and it is of paramount importance for wildlife rehabilitation and domestic animals. Animal welfare can be assessed using the five domains model, which includes nutrition, environment, physical health, behaviour, and mental attributes of an animal’s response to environmental change. Researchers use some of these domain attributes to evaluate the effects of stress on their animals and to improve the management and welfare of animals. Although there are variations in how animals respond biologically to stress, in general, the five domains model provides a robust tool for research use, and to evaluate the proximate effects of climatic variability on animals. In this review, our research group (The Stress Lab;
www.edwardstresslab.org
) presents a series of wildlife and domesticated animal examples to showcase how climate change impacts animal welfare. We provide examples of animals from various countries, across both aquatic and terrestrial systems, and provide an overview of the impacts of climate change on each of the five domains of animal welfare. We hope that future researchers will apply the animal welfare domains to evaluate how climate change impacts animals, and further research will pave the way to the protection of animals from the catastrophic impacts of climate change.
Weight-based vs fixed dosing of darbepoetin alfa for anemia following kidney transplantation
Authors: Solis Jonathan , Wilson Nicole , Sam Teena , Ma Tsung-Wei , Yango Angelito , Fischbach Bernard , Kataria Ann D
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Post-transplantation anemia (PTA) is common in kidney transplant recipients, with patients frequently treated with erythropoietin-stimulating agents such as darbepoetin alfa. The optimal dosing for darbepoetin alfa remains controversial.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study involved kidney transplant recipients who received darbepoetin alfa at 2 clinics. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those who received a fixed dose of 200 μg and those who received a weight-based dose of 0.45 μg/kg. The dosing interval varied depending on clinical response, clinic visit timing, and frequency allowed by insurance. The primary outcome was achieving a hemoglobin concentration of at least 10 g/dL without blood transfusion by 12 weeks after darbepoetin alfa initiation.

Results

Of the 110 patients in the study, 45% received weight-based dosing and 55% received fixed dosing. Darbepoetin alfa was initiated significantly earlier after transplantation in the fixed-dose group (median of 14 vs 20 days; P = 0.003). The weight-based group received more doses of darbepoetin alfa (median of 4 vs 2 doses; P = 0.002) and had a significantly lower cumulative exposure to darbepoetin alfa (125 vs 590 μg; P < 0.001). The median time between doses was 9 days (interquartile range, 7-14 days) in the weight-based group and 12 days (7-32 days) in the fixed-dose group (P = 0.04). Patients in the weight-based group more frequently achieved the primary outcome (67.3% vs 47.5%; P = 0.059). There was no significant difference in secondary or safety outcomes between the groups.

Conclusion

Weight-based and fixed dosing approaches for darbepoetin alfa were not different in the achievement of a hemoglobin concentration of at least 10 g/dL without blood transfusion at 12 weeks after darbepoetin alfa initiation, with significantly lower cumulative darbepoetin alfa utilization in the weight-based group. Weight-based dosing of darbepoetin alfa in PTA appears to be safe and effective, with the potential for significant patient and health-system cost savings.
Return-to-work following shoulder arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis
Authors: Kuijpers T I M , Vossen R J M , Kuijer P P F M , Alta T D , Sierevelt I N , Van Noort A
Published: July 2023

Background

Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) have demonstrated significant improvement in shoulder function and pain relief. Work-related outcomes have become increasingly important, while the current literature lacks evidence related to return-to-work (RTW) and which factors might have an influence on it.

Aims

This study aimed to assess RTW in patients who have received aTSA or HA at a minimum of 1-year follow-up after surgery, and secondary to evaluate possible prognostic factors associated with RTW.

Methods

We performed a retrospective query in employed patients diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder, who received either an aTSA or HA between February 2006 and February 2021. Preoperative and post-operative work and sports participation were assessed.

Results

Forty-four patients participated in this study (98% compliance), of which 40 patients (91%) were able to RTW at a median time of two (interquartile range: 2–4) months post-operatively. Patients with a medium-/high-demand occupation demonstrated RTW at a significantly lower rate (79%) than those with light-demand occupations (100%; P = 0.03). There was a statistically significant association between return to full employment and patients’ expectation to fully return, absence of preoperative work adjustments and preoperative sick leave (odds ratio: 16.9 [3.1–93.5]; 18.3 [2.1–160.4]; 0.1 [0.0–0.6]).

Conclusions

aTSA and HA facilitate excellent RTW rates. Patients with a medium-/high-demand occupation return at a significantly lower rate. The ability to RTW seems to be multifactorial and the results found might not be attributed to shoulder arthroplasty alone.
Filming the Photographer
Authors: Hallas Roger
Published: July 2023

Chapter 3 explores how documentary film tackles the challenge of filming photographers at work. Whereas filming other types of visual artists, such as painters or sculptors, allows viewers to witness the cumulative process of the work’s aesthetic creation, filming photography must address the challenge of the medium’s predominant reliance on instantaneous capture (particularly in photojournalism). Since the durational quality of film makes it easier to miss the “decisive moment” captured by the documentary photographer’s camera, photographer documentaries have long turned to imitating the photographer’s aesthetic through their cinematography. The chapter analyzes films about contemporary documentary photographers that have transformed such “aesthetic mimicry” from a popularized form of aesthetic apprenticeship into diverse opportunities for opening up critical and ethical engagement with the photographer’s practice, permitting new perspectives on the event of photography to emerge.
Morality in the Making of Sense and Self
Authors: Hollander Matthew M. , Turowetz Jason
Published: July 2023

For over half a century, Stanley Milgram’s classic and controversial obedience experiments have been a touchstone in the social and behavioral sciences, introducing generations of students to the concept of destructive obedience to authority and the Holocaust. In the last decade, the interdisciplinary Milgram renaissance has led to widespread interest in rethinking and challenging the context and nature of his Obedience Experiment. In Morality in the Making of Sense and Self, Matthew M. Hollander and Jason Turowetz offer a new explanation of obedience and defiance in Milgram’s lab. Examining one of the largest collections of Milgram’s original audiotapes, they scrutinize participant behavior in not only the experiments themselves, but also recordings of the subsequent debriefing interviews in which participants were asked to reflect on their actions. Taking an interaction centered approach to the sociology of morality, they show that, contrary to traditional understandings of Milgram’s experiments that highlight obedience, virtually all subjects, both compliant and defiant, mobilized practices to resist the authority’s commands, such that all were obedient and disobedient to varying degrees. As Hollander and Turowetz show, whether participants explicitly defined the situation as a moral problem mattered greatly for the outcomes they achieved, shaping their response to the authority’s demands and ultimately whether they would be classified as “obedient” or “defiant.” By illuminating the relationship between concrete moral dilemmas and social interaction, Hollander and Turowetz tell a new, empirically-grounded story about Milgram: one about morality—and immorality—in the making of sense and self.
Self- and Other-Attentive Resistance
Authors: Hollander Matthew M. , Turowetz Jason
Published: July 2023

Following from the previous chapter’s analysis of forms of resistance in Milgram’s lab, Chapter 5 focuses on Obedient and Disobedient participants’ practices for making the moral implications of interactional trouble explicit. Accordingly, we pay particular attention to the composition of explicitly resistive turns in Participant-Experimenter interaction: to the design features of actions through which resistance is performed, which include questions, reports, formulations, and accounts, and the ways in which these actions make explicit the moral implications of the situation. In comparing how Obedient and Disobedient participants performed explicit resistance, we show that (1) such resistance can be grouped into self- and other-oriented resistance, (2) members of both outcome groups displayed both types of resistance as well as a preference for other-oriented resistance, and (3) Disobedient participants displayed both types of resistance more frequently than did their Obedient counterparts, as well as two types of explicit resistance that Obedient participants never or almost never display: Golden Rule accounts and Letting the Learner Decide. The chapter first describes the organization and distribution of explicit resistance in the Milgram experiment. Second, we examine self- and other-oriented resistive practices among Obedient participants. Third, we examine these two types of resistance among Disobedient participants, comparing and contrasting their use of these practices with that of Obedient participants. Finally, we reflect on our findings and conclude both the chapter and Part II of the book.
Milgram, Science, and Morality
Authors: Hollander Matthew M. , Turowetz Jason
Published: July 2023

Chapter 7 continues the previous chapter’s analysis of Milgram’s debriefing interviews, focusing on his attempts to change participants’ feelings about the experiment as well as how he organized the experiments to induce strong emotional reactions. Whereas previous chapters dealt with how participants responded to the experiment, this chapter highlights the affective labor Milgram and his confederates put into their research. Drawing on recent scholarship in feminist science studies, the chapter analyzes the conduct of the experiment as a matter of care for Milgram. The emotional labor involved in the experiments is evident in Milgram’s efforts to retroactively transform the affective and moral meanings participants attached to them, as well as his constant tinkering with his setup. The chapter shows how Milgram, via the Experimenter, sought to achieve reconciliation with participants through practices of news delivery and assessment, in the process changing their negative and ambivalent pre-debriefing assessments of the experiment into positive ones. That debriefings were not merely informative but also transformative explains the puzzle of how participants could voice negative feelings toward the experiment prior to debriefing yet report positive feelings on surveys they filled out weeks or months later. Finally, the chapter considers Milgram’s use of science as a resource for persuading participants that they were contributing to something meaningful—the scientific enterprise.
Before the Scrolls
Authors: Mastnjak Nathan
Published: July 2023

Before the Scrolls: A Material Approach to Israel’s Prophetic Library traces the media history of the biblical prophetic corpus in order to propose a material approach to biblical literature. Though often ignored, the realia of a text’s form, format, production, and material substance have profound influence on the meaning of the text. The literature of the Bible was not initially written as discrete books with determined beginnings, middles, and ends. Before the Scrolls argues instead that biblical compositions of length, such as the great prophetic books Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, were initially written on loosely organized collections of multiple short papyrus scrolls. Only later in the Hellenistic era were these compositions edited, organized, and copied into the longer book-scrolls known from the Dead Sea. The shift from prophetic library to linear prophetic book-scroll represents a transformation in material medium that had significant effects on that literature. This material approach to the prophetic corpus suggests novel solutions to classic problems in the field such as the relationship between the MT and LXX of Jeremiah and between the First and Second Isaiah. The failure to account for the materiality of the prophetic corpus has led scholarship to occasionally ask the wrong questions of these compositions and has blinded it to the vital role that Hellenistic bookmakers played in the creation of the Bible as we know it.
The Materiality of the Prophetic Literature
Authors: Mastnjak Nathan
Published: July 2023

The nature and origins of the Israelite prophetic book remains a major contested topic in scholarship on the Hebrew Bible. Chapter 1 introduces this basic problem and argues that it is necessary to give attention to the materials and formats of prophetic scrolls. The field of book history provides a conceptual framework for thinking through these material realities. As D. F. McKenzie has argued, the material format of a book has an expressive function that cannot be ignored in any attempt to describe the meaning of a text or to write a history of the book. Before the Scrolls proposes a history of the prophetic scroll as a point of entry for a material approach to the books of the Bible.
Prophetic Scrolls in the Persian Period
Authors: Mastnjak Nathan
Published: July 2023

Menahem Haran’s studies of the materiality of biblical scrolls provide the starting point for this chapter. As Haran argues, biblical literature in the monarchic period was written on papyrus scrolls that were significantly shorter than the long parchment scrolls known from the Dead Sea. One important implication of this material form of the text is that many biblical compositions of length would simply not have fit on a single standard papyrus scroll. This chapter extends Haran’s work with further argumentation corroborating these conclusions. It departs from Haran in arguing against his proposal for the adoption of parchment in the early Persian period. On the basis of artifact evidence and the economics of papyrus production in Ptolemaic Egypt, this chapter proposes the Hellenistic period as the decisive era in which Judean scribes switched from a preference for papyrus to a preference for parchment.
The Multi-Volume Sēfer
Authors: Mastnjak Nathan
Published: July 2023

It is necessary to examine not only the material realities of a text and its production but also how people thought about those realities. To this end, Chapter 3 examines the shifting semantics of the Hebrew word sēfer. The term can refer to any written object, whether an inscribed ostracon, stone stele, papyrus sheet, or parchment scroll. In later periods, sēfer was systematically reinterpreted as “scroll.” Built into this interpretation is the assumption that a singular sēfer in Classical Hebrew refers to a singular textual object, a single scroll with a linear orientation. Semantic studies of the term in Second Temple texts, however, show that by the Persian period, singular sēfer had come also to refer to a multi-volume written work. This development is appropriate to a culture that produced and read literary works written on papyrus but exceeding the average length of a papyrus scroll.
The Prophetic Library
Authors: Mastnjak Nathan
Published: July 2023

Chapter 4 turns to the prophetic books themselves and internal evidence for their origins as collections of scrolls rather than single-scroll compositions. The variant arrangements of the book of Jeremiah provide a point of entry into ways unexamined models of the materiality of prophetic texts have misled centuries of scholarship. The assumption that one of the orders of the Jeremiah—whether the MT or LXX—must have been original betrays scholarship’s unexamined commitment to the union of a work and a single textual object: a distinctly modern idea not shared by the producers of the prophetic literature. Shorn of this assumption, the distinct possibility emerges of seeing Jeremiah as an unordered collection of multiple textual objects. This possibility allows us to see the differences in organization of the book as stemming from independent arrangements of the collection by the bookmakers behind the MT and the Vorlage of the LXX.
Introduction
Authors: Sawday Jonathan
Published: July 2023

In 1911 Leonardo’s Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre, resulting in a gap in the gallery which became an object of fascination. This empty space can be imagined as a foretaste of minimalist or conceptual art in the twentieth century (Kazimir Malevich, Yves Klein) as well as the marketing device of blank space (the White Album of the Beatles), together with works of both commemoration and memory. Archaeologists, too, have begun to inquire into seemingly empty or blank spaces in landscapes. These examples introduce the book’s main themes, which are outlined in this chapter. The introduction describes each subsequent chapter of the book, while also discussing (e.g.) “blank books” devoid of print or illustration; the palimpsest; the fear of absence (horror vacui or kenophobia); silence; the poetics and production of space (Michel Foucault, Gaston Bachelard, Henri Lefebvre); and the idea of instantaneous recovery of information.
Missing Text
Authors: Sawday Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Famously, when it was first printed in 1609, Shakespeare’s Sonnet 126 appeared to lack a closing couplet. This is an example of apparently missing text, which is the theme of this chapter. Are such examples evidence of mistakes or are they deliberate manipulations of empty space? Texts printed with conspicuous gaps operated as invitations to the reader to supplement what seems to have been mislaid or (perhaps) was never confected in the first place. The use of lunulae or empty brackets in stage plays and poetry is explored, which, in turn, helps to contextualize the gap found at the end of Shakespeare’s sonnet. Shakespeare’s sonnets are discussed more generally in relation to page layout, and the economics of print publication in the period. Finally, the chapter examines the circulation of sonnet collections in both print and manuscript form, showing how Shakespeare’s sonnets were primarily imagined as texts to be circulated as private manuscript rather than in the more public realm of print.
Poetry and Space in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Sawday Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Poetry, more than any other written form, relies on the distribution of space to generate meaning. The exploration of poetic space in the period c.1620–1670 is the theme of this chapter. Beginning with an examination of the printed poetry of the young James VI, published in a luxuriously expansive form, this chapter considers the devotional spaces of George Herbert’s poetry and the compressed poetic spaces of John Donne’s verses. The origin of poetic indentation is considered before moving on to discuss the migration of royalist poets from manuscript circulation of their verses to print circulation. This migration involved the deployment of ever more prominent areas of empty space on the page, as a sign of elite and conspicuous consumption, particularly in the form of printed stage plays associated with court performance. Finally, the poetry of John Milton is discussed in terms of “republican space” on the printed page.
Unfinished
Authors: Sawday Jonathan
Published: July 2023

This final chapter considers the ways that texts end, concentrating on terminal blank spaces as both signs of closure and also of incompletion. Drawing on the idea of the artistic “non finito” or seemingly unfinished associated with (e.g.) Michelangelo or Rembrandt, the chapter looks at examples of contrived incompletion in writings by (for example) Ben Jonson, Sir John Davies, John Donne, Ben Jonson, and John Milton. The attraction of producing texts which appear to be fragments of some lost or (usually) never completed larger enterprise is considered, such as in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene and the writings of Sir Walter Ralegh, as well as the incomplete narratives of Sir Philip Sidney and Lady Mary Wroth. Finally, the chapter (and the book) ends with a discussion of incompletion as a sign of human mortality, examining blankness as a symbolic expression of death and eternity.
Three Causalisms
Authors: Sartorio Carolina
Published: July 2023

This introductory chapter sets the stage for the following chapters. It introduces the three causalisms that are the book’s main focus: causalism about action, causalism about free action, and big-picture causalism. It also summarizes the central theses of the book, the main assumptions on which it relies, and the contents of each chapter.