bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquid Interface as a Cell Scaffold
Authors: Ueki Takeshi , Uto Koichiro , Yamamoto Shota , Tamate Ryota , Kamiyama Yuji , Jia Xiaofang , Noguchi Hidenori , Minami Kosuke , Ariga Katsuhiko , Wang Hongxin , Nakanishi Jun
Published: January 2024

In sharp contrast to conventional solid/hydrogel platforms, water‐immiscible liquids, such as perfluorocarbons and silicones, allow the adhesion of mammalian cells via protein nanolayers (PNLs) formed at the interface. However, fluorocarbons and silicones, which are typically used for liquid cell culture, possess only narrow ranges of physicochemical parameters and have not allowed for a wide variety of cell culturing environments. In this paper, it is proposed that water‐immiscible ionic liquids (ILs) are a new family of liquid substrates with tunable physicochemical properties and high solvation capabilities. Tetraalkylphosphonium‐based ILs are identified as non‐cytotoxic ILs, whereon human mesenchymal stem cells are successfully cultured. By reducing the cation charge distribution, or ionicity, via alkyl chain elongation, the interface allows cell spreading with matured focal contacts. High‐speed atomic force microscopy observations of the PNL formation process suggest that the cation charge distribution significantly altered the protein adsorption dynamics, which are associated with the degree of protein denaturation and the PNL mechanics. Moreover, by exploiting dissolution capability of ILs, an ion‐gel cell scaffold is fabricated. This enables to further identify the significant contribution of bulk subphase mechanics to cellular mechanosensing in liquid‐based culture scaffolds.
Fabrication and optimization of PES/PVP hollow fiber membranes using Box–Behnken model and CART algorithm
Authors: Farooq Adil , Cora Ömer Necati
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the optimization of polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes fabricated with the phase inversion method. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed with three different PES concentration ratios (11, 14, 17 wt.%), three polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecular weight ratios (K30/K90 ratios of 6:0, 3:3, 0:6 wt.%), three different bore fluid (BF) composition ratios (water/alcohol ratios of 20:80, 60:40, 100:0), and three different air gap values (24, 37, and 50 cm). The results were analyzed in terms of pure water permeability (PWP) and porosity as optimization parameters using response surface methodology and the classification and regression tree (CART) model. ANOVA results revealed significant effects of PES concentration, PVP molecular weight, and BF composition on the outcomes. After optimization, the maximum PWP and the maximum porosity were obtained as 360.15 L/m2 h bar, 60.57%, respectively. The CART model achieved sufficient accuracy in classifying samples.
The quality of interaction with children in collective play: Children's agency
Authors: Li Liang
Published: January 2024

There is a growing body of studies on increasing the quality of infant–toddler education and care. Yet little attention has been directed towards how to bring toddlers' agency and perspective to their personally meaningful learning in collective play. In this paper, we draw on cultural–historical concepts of agency, play and imagination to investigate toddlers' collective play with their teacher. We explain how the teacher can take the toddlers' perspectives and values and acknowledge toddlers' agency in play, to sustain and share toddlers' agentic imagination, thus supporting their play engagement and personally meaningful learning. Herein, we select and analyse one activity in which six toddlers (aged 2–3 years, mean 2.6 years) collectively play with teachers in Melbourne, Australia. We use visual narrative methodology to perform a deep analysis of the dynamic interactions in the collective play. The lens is centred on toddlers' agency and perspectives and the dynamic interactions between them and their teacher in collective play, through which their agentic imagination is sustained. In contrast to previous studies which focus on the teacher's role in play with infants–toddlers to monitor the surrounding dangers, arrange the play space and observe from a distance, the results of this study identify how toddlers' perspectives and agency in play can be valued and acted on by the teacher in collective play, to support toddlers' meaningful learning and improve the quality of play in early childhood education.
THBS1 promotes angiogenesis and accelerates ESCC malignant progression by the HIF‐1/VEGF signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Xia Qiaoxi , Chen Mantong , Zhang Xiaona , Huang Meihui , Zheng Xiaoqi , Wang Shaohong , Wu Bingli , Du Zepeng
Published: January 2024

Previously, we demonstrated that the expression of THBS1 is increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis, indicating that THBS1 might be a candidate oncogene in ESCC. In this study, we future studied the specific role of THBS1 in ESCC and its molecular mechanism. Silencing THBS1 expression resulted in inhibition of cell migration and cell invasion of ESCC cells, the decrease of colony formation and proliferation. Tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro was decreased when cultured with conditioned medium from THBS1‐silenced cells. The expression of CD31, a marker for blood vessel endothelial cells, was decreased in tumor tissues derived from THBS1‐silenced tumors in vivo. Silencing THBS1 leaded the decreased of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), HIF‐1β, and VEGFA protein. The expression of p‐ERK and p‐AKT were declined in HUVECs following incubation with conditioned medium from THBS1‐silenced ESCC cells compared conditioned medium from control cells. Furthermore, the treatment with bevacizumab boosted the decrease of the p‐ERK and p‐AKT levels in HUVECs incubated with the conditioned medium from THBS1‐silenced ESCC cells. THBS1 silencing combined with bevacizumab blocked VEGF, inhibited to the tube formation, colony formation and migration of HUVECs, which were superior to that of bevacizumab alone. We presumed that THBS1 can enhance HIF‐1/VEGF signaling and subsequently induce angiogenesis by activating the AKT and ERK pathways in HUVECs, resulting in bevacizumab resistance. THBS1 would be a potential target in tumor antiangiogenesis therapies.
Laparoscopic management of intestinal obstruction in a young adult with a virgin abdomen: Unusual presentation of combined vitellointestinal duct remnants: A clinical case report
Authors: Al‐Tarakji Mohannad , Almogtaba Mohamed , Al‐Hashimy Yaseen , Moustafa Omar S. , Shehata Mona S. , Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Ghali Mohamed Said
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

In an 18‐year‐old, Meckel's diverticulum and a rare vitellointestinal fibrous band caused bowel obstruction. Clinicians should be vigilant for such anomalies, especially in young adults with virgin abdomens, as potential sources of intestinal obstruction.

In this case report, we highlight the rarity of vitellointestinal or omphalomesenteric duct anomalies causing intestinal obstruction in the adult population. The patient, an 18‐year‐old male, presented to the emergency department with a two‐day history of abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examination revealed mild distension of his virgin abdomen with generalized tenderness. Abdominal X‐ray displayed dilated small bowel loops, and a computed tomography scan indicated features consistent with closed‐loop bowel obstruction. Diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed a vitellointestinal duct remnant as the cause of the small intestinal obstruction, involving a combined Meckel's diverticulum and vitellointestinal fibrous band. In early fetal development, the vitellointestinal duct communicates between the midgut and the yolk sac, expected to disappear during fetal growth. Failure to obliterate can lead to issues such as intestinal blockage, primarily observed in children, making occurrences in adults, as in this case, infrequent with only a few documented instances. Despite its uncommon occurrence in young adults, healthcare providers should consider the vitellointestinal duct anomalous remnant as a potential source of intestinal obstruction, particularly in individuals with a virgin abdomen. Early detection of intestinal obstruction is imperative for patient survival, facilitating prompt management and minimizing the risk of serious morbidities, ultimately contributing to a better patient outcome.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is safe before surgery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Is it time to challenge the standard‐of‐care?
Authors: Gross Neil D. , Seiwert Tanguy Y.
Published: January 2024

The incorporation of neoadjuvant immunotherapy is rapidly changing the standard‐of‐care for multiple cancers and is actively being explored in a phase 3 trial in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Although efficacy remains unknown, the safety of this approach is increasingly clear.
Cytohistological findings and diagnostic challenges in rare pediatric pulmonary mesenchymal malignancies: A report of two cases
Authors: Balaji Karunagaran , Siddique Swalaha Sadaf , Khurana Ujjawal , Goel Garima , Tandon Ashwani , Joshi Deepti , Chaudhary Narendra , Khurana Alkesh Kumar , Goyal Abhishek
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary mesenchymal tumors are uncommon neoplasms and the data available on their clinical, cytohistomorphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings are limited, leading to difficulty in timely diagnosis and management. Case 1: A 12‐year‐old boy presented with a right endobronchial mass. Imprint smears from endobronchial biopsy revealed moderately pleomorphic spindle cell tumor arranged in fascicles and perivascular pattern with attached myxoid material showing occasional mitotic activity suggesting a cytological diagnosis of sarcoma. Biopsy also displayed similar morphology. Extensive immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed diffuse SMA, focal AE1/AE3, and diffuse ALK positivity along with a MIB/Ki67 index of 30%–40% leading to the diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT; Sarcoma grade). Case 2: A 8‐year‐old boy presented with a huge left‐sided mass replacing the entire lung parenchyma and eroding adjoining ribs. Pleural fluid cytology revealed vague clusters of PAS‐positive diastase‐sensitive small atypical cells with associated inflammatory cells in the hemorrhagic background, suggesting a diagnosis of malignant small round blue cell tumor. Trucut biopsy from the mass showed spindled to round cells showing diffuse positivity with CD99 and BCL‐2. Molecular studies with reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) for SYT‐SSX and EWS‐FLI1 were negative for synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, respectively. Given the clinical setting, PAS positivity, IHC, and molecular studies, the diagnosis of tumors of uncertain differentiation with the possibility of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) with a translocation between EWS1 and other ETS—family members (ERG, FEV, ETV1, E1AF, etc.) was suggested.
Comparing the association of two metabolic syndrome definitions, NCEP ATP III and IDF, with the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An analytical cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yousefzadeh Gholamreza , Sayyadi Amin , Najafipour Hamid , Sabaghnejad Vida , Pezeshki Sara
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are significant sources of mortality and morbidity with substantial economic implications and preventive measures play key roles in this regard. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common condition, and its association with ASCVD and mortality has made it clinically important. However, controversies persist regarding the best definition for MetS. Here in, we investigated the ability of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) in the prediction of ASCVD incidence.

Methods

We conducted an investigation on individuals diagnosed with MetS as part of the “Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk Factor Study” (KERCADRS). This study was a cohort study conducted on a population aged 15–75 years residing in Kerman, Iran to assess the risk of ASCVD. We employed ACC/AHA ASCVD Risk Estimator for predicting ASCVD occurrence in the future and then compared the results with different definitions of MetS including IDF and NCEP ATP III.

Results

Patients with MetS consistent with NCEP ATP III had higher ASCVD risk scores than those with IDF (10.63 ± 10.989 vs. 9.50 ± 9.357). NCEP ATP III had better overall performance in terms of specificity, accuracy, sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values especially in higher ASCVD risk score categories. The agreement between IDF and NCEP ATP III was none to slight (Cohen's Kappa <0.2) except for IDF in the group of ASCVD >30%, which revealed no agreement (Cohen's Kappa = 0).

Conclusion

NCEP ATP III has better overall performance compared to IDF. The ability of NCEP ATP III increases as the ASCVD risk score goes higher. IDF may be useful in primary screening and patients with lower ASCVD risk scores.
The added value of perceived values: Partner's perceived values predict own behaviour in interdependent interactions
Authors: Mentser Sari , Amit Adi
Published: January 2024

Personal values have been widely recognized as important determinants of individuals’ behaviour. But can behaviour be shaped by the values one attributes to others? Focusing on interdependent interactions, this research integrates literature on personal values and the role of expectations in social dilemmas to investigate the overlooked effect of value perceptions on people's choices. In Study 1, players in a prisoner's dilemma (a game capturing cooperation vs. competition) who were informed that their partner prioritized self‐transcendence values tended to cooperate more than players informed that the partner prioritized self‐enhancement values. In Study 2, players in the same game who assumed their partner was higher in self‐transcendence values and lower in self‐enhancement values were more likely to opt for the cooperative choice. In Study 3, players in a chicken game (a game capturing risk‐taking vs. risk‐avoidance) who assumed their partner was higher in conservation values and lower in openness‐to‐change values were more likely to opt for the riskier choice in the game. Study 4 indicated that the effect of perceived values on behaviour is mediated by assumptions regarding the partner's choice. Perceived values of the other side predicted behaviour beyond the perceiver's own values. We discuss the relationships between own and perceived values and our contributions to the values literature and conflict research.
CE methods for charge variant analysis of mAbs and complex format biotherapeutics
Authors: Meudt Maximilian , Pannek Martin , Glogowski Nina , Higel Fabian , Thanisch Katharina , Knape Matthias J.
Published: January 2024

Charge heterogeneity analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and complex formats, such as bispecifics, is crucial for therapeutic applications. In this study, we developed two capillary electrophoresis (CE)‐based methods, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (iCIEF), for analyzing a broad spectrum of mAbs and complex mAb formats. For CZE, we introduced a new buffer system and optimized the background electrolyte (BGE) with an alternative dynamic coating agent and a superior polymeric additive. The pH of the BGE was increased, leading to enhanced resolution of high pI and complex format mAbs. In iCIEF, we identified an ampholyte combination offering a highly linear pH gradient and covering a suitable pH range. We also investigated alternatives to denaturing stabilizers and found that non‐detergent sulfobetaine 195 exhibited excellent properties for iCIEF applications. These optimized methods provide a framework for the charge heterogeneity analysis of therapeutic mAbs and complex formats.
Development of antepartum risk prediction model for postpartum hemorrhage in Lagos, Nigeria: A prospective cohort study (Predict‐PPH study)
Authors: Okunade Kehinde S. , Ugwu Aloy O. , Adenekan Muisi A. , Olumodeji Ayokunle , Oshodi Yusuf A. , Ojo Temitope , Adejimi Adebola A. , Ademuyiwa Iyabo Y. , Adaramoye Victoria , Okoro Austin C. , Olowe Atinuke , Akinmola Olukayode O. , John‐Olabode Sarah O. , Adelabu Hameed , Henriquez Rodrigo , Decroo Tom , Lynen Lutgarde
Published: January 2024

Objectives

There is currently a limited ability to accurately identify women at risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). We conducted the “Predict‐PPH” study to develop and evaluate an antepartum prediction model and its derived risk‐scoring system.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of healthy pregnant women who registered and gave birth in five hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria, from January to June 2023. Maternal antepartum characteristics were compared between women with and without PPH. A predictive multivariable model was estimated using binary logistic regression with a backward stepwise approach eliminating variables when P was greater than 0.10. Statistically significant associations in the final model were reported when P was less than 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of PPH in the enrolled cohort was 37.1%. Independent predictors of PPH such as maternal obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.47–4.26), maternal anemia (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02–1.72), previous history of cesarean delivery (aOR 4.24, 95% CI 3.13–5.73), and previous PPH (aOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.07–6.56) were incorporated to develop a risk‐scoring system. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the prediction model and risk scoring system was 0.72 (95% CI 0.69–0.75).

Conclusion

We recorded a relatively high prevalence of PPH. Our model performance was satisfactory in identifying women at risk of PPH. Therefore, the derived risk‐scoring system could be a useful tool to screen and identify pregnant women at risk of PPH during their routine antenatal assessment for birth preparedness and complication readiness.
Fluoride‐treated rare earth‐free magnesium alloy ZK30: An inert and bioresorbable material for bone fracture treatment devices
Authors: Watanabe Hirotaka , Xu Wei , Uno Haruka , Uraya Yuki , Kugita Masanori , Komohara Yoshihiro , Niidome Takuro , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Ichiro , Fujita Nobuyuki , Kawano Yusuke
Published: January 2024

Bone fractures represent a common health problem, particularly in an increasingly aging population. Bioresorbable magnesium (Mg) alloy‐based implants offer promising alternatives to traditional metallic implants for the treatment of bone fractures because they eliminate the need for implant removal after healing. The Mg‐Y‐rare‐earth (RE)‐Zr alloy WE43, designed for orthopedic implants, has received European Conformity mark approval. However, currently, WE43 is not clinically used in certain countries possibly because of concerns related to RE metals. In this study, we investigated the use of a RE‐free alloy, namely, Mg‐Zn‐Zr alloy (ZK30), as an implant for bone fractures. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment was performed to improve the corrosion resistance of ZK30. HF‐treated ZK30 (HF‐ZK30) exhibited lower corrosion rate and higher biocompatibility than those of WE43 in in vitro experiments. After implanting a rod of HF‐ZK30 into the fractured femoral bones of mice, HF‐ZK30 held the bones and healed the fracture without deformation. Treatment results of HF‐ZK30 were comparable to those of WE43, indicating the potential of HF‐ZK30 as a bioresorbable and safe implant for bone repair.
Deciphering head and neck cancer microenvironment: Single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics reveals human papillomavirus‐associated differences
Authors: Lee Hansong , Park Sohee , Yun Ju Hyun , Seo Chorong , Ahn Ji Mi , Cha Hyun‐Young , Shin Yoo Seob , Park Hae Ryoun , Lee Dongjun , Roh Jin , Heo Hye Jin , Baek Seung Eun , Kim Eun Kyoung , Lee Hae Seul , Kim Chul‐Ho , Kim Yun Hak , Jang Jeon Yeob
Published: January 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative factor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the incidence of HPV‐associated HNSCC is increasing. The role of tumor microenvironment in viral infection and metastasis needs to be explored further. We studied the molecular characteristics of primary tumors (PTs) and lymph node metastatic tumors (LNMTs) by stratifying them based on their HPV status. Eight samples for single‐cell RNA profiling and six samples for spatial transcriptomics (ST), composed of matched primary tumors (PT) and lymph node metastases (LNMT), were collected from both HPV‐negative (HPV−) and HPV‐positive (HPV+) patients. Using the 10x Genomics Visium platform, integrative analyses with single‐cell RNA sequencing were performed. Intracellular and intercellular alterations were analyzed, and the findings were confirmed using experimental validation and publicly available data set. The HPV+ tissues were composed of a substantial amount of lymphoid cells regardless of the presence or absence of metastasis, whereas the HPV− tissue exhibited remarkable changes in the number of macrophages and plasma cells, particularly in the LNMT. From both single‐cell RNA and ST data set, we discovered a central gene, pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 1/2 (PKM2), which is closely associated with the stemness of cancer stem cell‐like populations in LNMT of HPV− tissue. The consistent expression was observed in HPV− HNSCC cell line and the knockdown of PKM2 weakened spheroid formation ability. Furthermore, we found an ectopic lymphoid structure morphology and clinical effects of the structure in ST slide of the HPV+ patients and verified their presence in tumor tissue using immunohistochemistry. Finally, the ephrin‐A (EPHA2) pathway was detected as important signals in angiogenesis for HPV− patients from single‐cell RNA and ST profiles, and knockdown of EPHA2 declined the cell migration. Our study described the distinct cellular composition and molecular alterations in primary and metastatic sites in HNSCC patients based on their HPV status. These results provide insights into HNSCC biology in the context of HPV infection and its potential clinical implications.
The swab site of the upper airways influences the diagnostic sensitivity for the omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Atzler Fynn , Dahms Florian , Paul Gregor , Perisic Stojan
Published: January 2024

The cycle‐threshold‐value (CT‐value) is a quantitative value of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which represents the gold standard for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2). The CT‐value can be used to indicate the viral load in swabs of the airways. The collection of a specimen is the only part of the testing process, which is performed manually and carries, therefore, a high potential for increasing measurement variability. The comparison of different PCR results is often difficult since the exact swabbing technique of each test and how do swabs relate in a direct comparison is unknown. For these reasons, the infection course in a patient can be hard infer even after multiple swabs. As the Omicron variant spread from 06/2022 to 08/2022, all common modalities of the upper airway swabs (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, combined naso‐oropharyngeal, nasal orifice swabs as well as swabs of the buccal mucosa), which were performed on patients with a suspected infection with SARS CoV 2. RT‐PCR was used for SARS CoV 2 RNA detection and the sample comparison was based on the CT‐values obtained. Viral loads can vary significantly depending on the swab sites of the upper airways. For the maximum clinical sensitivity, a combined naso‐oropharyngeal swab should be considered. In case a single point and single sample measurement is the norm, a nasopharyngeal swab can deliver the highest viral load at the presumed beginning of the infection. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be valuable to correctly interpret results of different PCR with different sampling techniques.
The burden of dengue in children and risk factors of transmission in nine districts in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jeewandara Chandima , Karunananda Maneshka Vindesh , Fernando Suranga , Danasekara Saubhagya , Jayakody Gamini , Arulkumaran Segarajasingam , Samaraweera Nayana Yasindu , Kumarawansha Sarathchandra , Sivaganesh Subramaniyam , Amarasinghe Priyadarshanie Geethika , Jayasinghe Chintha , Wijesekara Dilini , Marasinghe Manonath Bandara , Mambulage Udari , Wijayatilake Helanka , Senevirathne Kasun , Bandara Aththidayage Don Priyantha , Gallage Chandana Pushpalal , Colambage Nilu Ranmali , Udayasiri Ampe Arachchige Thilak , Lokumarambage Tharaka , Upasena Yasanayakalage , Weerasooriya Wickramasinghe Pathiranalage Kasun Paramee ,   Seroprevalence Study Group, Ogg Graham S. , Malavige Gathsaurie N.
Published: January 2024

We sought to understand the differences in age‐stratified seroprevalence rates in different regions in Sri Lanka to plan dengue vaccination programs, especially as the WHO has given guidance to vaccinate in high transmission settings. Age stratified seroprevalence rates were assessed in children, aged 10−20 years, in nine districts representing the nine provinces in Sri Lanka, from September 2022 to March 2023. A stratified multistage cluster was used to select 146 schools representing each district. Of the 5207 children recruited, the overall dengue seroprevalence rates in children was 24.8%, with the highest rates reported from Trincomalee (54.3%) and the lowest rates from Badulla (14.2%), which is a high‐altitude estate area. While the age‐stratified seroprevalence rates increased in some districts such as Trincomalee, Jaffna, Gampaha, and Ratnapura, which reported the highest seropositivity rates, there was no such increase with age in the other districts. There was a weak correlation between the dengue antibody positivity rates and age in most districts which had seroprevalence rates of >25%, while there was no increase in antibody titers with age in the other districts. The seroprevalence rates was significantly higher in urban areas (35.8%) compared to rural (23.2%) and estate areas (9.4%), although there was no association with seropositivity rates with population density (Spearman's r = −0.01, p = 0.98), in each district. The seroprevalence rates in many districts were very different to those reported from Colombo, with many districts reporting low transmission rates. These data would be important to consider when rolling out dengue vaccines in Sri Lanka.
Safety and immunogenicity of homologous prime‐boost CoronaVac vaccine in people living with HIV in China: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Yuxiao , Lan Xinquan , Qiao Ying , Huo Yuqi , Wang Li , Liang Shijie , Yu Maohe , Song Moxin , Yan Ying , Su Bin , Xu Junjie
Published: January 2024

People living with HIV (PLWH) are particularly vulnerable to SARS‐CoV‐2. This multicentre prospective cohort study evaluated the long‐term immunogenicity and safety of a third homologous dose of Sinovac CoronaVac in PLWH in China. A total of 228 PLWH and 127 HIV‐negative controls were finally included and followed up for 6 months. Fewer participants reported mild or moderate adverse reactions, and no serious adverse events were observed. The median levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and immunoglobulin G against the receptor‐binding domain of the spike protein (S‐IgG) in PLWH (655.92 IU/mL, IQR: 175.76–1663.55; 206.83 IU/mL, IQR: 85.20–397.82) were comparable to those in control group (1067.16 IU/mL, IQR: 239.85–1670.83; 261.70 IU/mL, IQR: 77.13–400.75), and reached their peak at 4 weeks, exhibiting a delayed peak pattern compared to the 2‐week peak in control group. After then, the immune titres gradually decreased over time, but most participants still maintained positive seroconversion at the 6‐month mark. Multivariable generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that CD4+T cell count, HIV viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) were independent factors strongly associated with immune response (each p < 0.05). We suggested that PLWH should maintain well‐controlled HIV status through ART and receive timely administration of the second booster dose for optimal protection.
Circulation, viral diversity and genomic rearrangement in mpox virus in the Netherlands during the 2022 outbreak and beyond
Authors: Schuele Leonard , Boter Marjan , Nieuwenhuijse David F. , Götz Hannelore , Fanoy Ewout , de Vries Henry , Vieyra Bruno , Bavalia Roisin , Hoornenborg Elske , Molenkamp Richard , Jonges Marcel , van den Ouden Anton , Simões Margarida , van den Lubben Mariken , Koopmans Marion , Welkers Matthijs R. A. , Oude Munnink Bas B.
Published: January 2024

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease which has now spread to over 113 countries as of August 2023, with over 89,500 confirmed human cases. The Netherlands had one of the highest incidence rates in Europe during the peak of the outbreak. In this study, we generated 158 near‐complete mpox virus (MPXV) genomes (12.4% of nationwide cases) that were collected throughout the Netherlands from the start of the outbreak in May 2022 to August 2023 to track viral evolution and investigate outbreak dynamics. We detected 14 different viral lineages, suggesting multiple introductions followed by rapid initial spread within the country. The estimated evolutionary rate was relatively high compared to previously described in orthopoxvirus literature, with an estimated 11.58 mutations per year. Genomic rearrangement events occurred at a rate of 0.63% and featured a large deletion event. In addition, based on phylogenetics, we identified multiple potential transmission clusters which could be supported by direct source‐ and contact tracing data. This led to the identification of at least two main transmission locations at the beginning of the outbreak. We conclude that whole genome sequencing of MPXV is essential to enhance our understanding of outbreak dynamics and evolution of a relatively understudied and emerging zoonotic pathogen.
Antibody‐dependent enhancement and neutralization against CVB4 investigated in vitro and in silico through an agent‐based model
Authors: Morvan Corentin , Nekoua Magloire Pandoua , Debuysschere Cyril , Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Hober Didier
Published: January 2024

The infection with coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) can be enhanced in vitro by antibodies directed against the viral capsid protein VP4. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) of CVB4 infection leads to the production of interferon alpha (IFN‐α). To investigate ADE of CVB4‐induced production of IFN‐α, an agent‐based model was constructed with enhancing and neutralizing antibodies. The model recapitulates viral neutralization and ADE in silico. The enhancing and neutralizing activities of serum samples were evaluated in vitro to confront the model predictions with experimental results. Increasing the incubation time of CVB4 with serum samples improves virus neutralization in silico as well as in vitro. It also results in ADE at lower antibody numbers in silico, which is confirmed in vitro with IFN‐α production at lower serum concentrations. Furthermore, incubation of CVB4 with serum at a low temperature does not induce IFN‐α production in vitro. Thus, taken together our results suggest that enhancing antibodies bind cryptic epitopes, more accessible with longer incubation time and at higher temperature due to changes in capsid conformation, consistent with previous results indicating that enhancing antibodies are anti‐VP4 antibodies.
Changing spectrum and mortality disparities of etiology of liver cirrhosis in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Min , Wei Zaihua , Su Jianting , Wu Xiaoning , Xie Xueqin , You Hong , Jia Jidong , Kong Yuanyuan
Published: January 2024

Liver cirrhosis remains a major health concern globally, but its epidemiology and etiology evolve with time. However, the changing pattern in etiology and cause of liver‐related mortality for patients with cirrhosis are not fully elucidated. Herein, our aim was to characterize the temporal trend of the etiological spectrum and evaluate the impact of etiology on liver‐related death among patients with compensated cirrhosis (CC) in Beijing, China. Clinical profiles of patients with CC discharged between January 2008 and December 2015 were retrieved from the Beijing hospital discharge database. The mortalities of different etiologies of cirrhosis were calculated. The risks of readmission and liver‐related death associated with etiologies were evaluated by the Cox regression model. A total of 23 978 cirrhotic patients were included. The predominant cause was hepatitis B virus (HBV) (58.93%), followed by alcohol (21.35%), autoimmune (14.85%), miscellaneous etiologies (3.55%), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) (1.32%). From 2008 to 2015, the proportion of HBV‐related cirrhosis decreased to 28.11%. Meanwhile, the proportions of autoimmune‐ and miscellaneous‐related cirrhosis increased to 28.54% and 13.11%. The risk of liver‐related death ranked the highest in patients with miscellaneous cirrhosis, followed by HBV‐related cirrhosis, alcohol‐related cirrhosis, autoimmune‐related cirrhosis, and HCV‐related cirrhosis. The 5‐year rates of liver‐related death were 22.56%, 18.99%, 18.77%, 16.01%, and 10.76%, respectively. HBV‐related cirrhosis caused the highest risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐related death, whereas alcohol‐ and miscellaneous‐related cirrhosis caused higher risks of decompensation (DC)‐related death than HBV‐related cirrhosis, with hazard ratios of 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.48) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.40), respectively. HBV remained a common cause of liver cirrhosis but gradually decreased. Mortality disparities existed in etiologies, with higher risks of HCC‐related death in HBV‐related cirrhosis, and DC‐related death in alcohol‐ and miscellaneous‐related cirrhosis.
Laying the groundwork for corporate social responsibility: Behavioral ethics in high‐hazard organizations
Authors: Milosevic Ivana , Bass A. Erin
Published: January 2024

Using findings from an inductive study of two high‐hazard organizations and insights from behavioral ethics literature, we build a model illustrating the behavioral foundations of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). We show that employees in high‐hazard organizations scrutinize their work, actively deciding how to alter work tasks and boundaries and persevering through obstacles to lay the groundwork for CSR. Central to this process is employee moral awareness—the awareness of one's activities and the consequences those activities may have on others—through which they translate organizational hazards into their work decisions. Our findings further suggest that moral awareness is more dynamic than previously conceptualized, continually assembled, and reassembled through the active exchange and deployment of scientific and moral principles. In contrast to the extant literature that prioritizes the unitary nature of CSR and its top‐down effects, our findings uncover individual‐level ethical decisions as its foundation and identify moral awareness and work scrutinization as mechanisms through which individuals lay the groundwork for CSR.
Customers' value changes on robot‐serviced restaurants
Authors: Kim Choo Yeon , Cha Seong‐Soo
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the effect of robot‐serviced restaurant's emotional and functional attributes on the consumer value of robot‐serviced restaurant customers. Further, it analyses how the effects changed after the COVID‐19 pandemic began. The survey was conducted on customers who had used Google Drive and visited or indirectly experienced a robot service restaurant in Seoul, Korea through media outlets. The results illustrate that hedonic value influences the emotional attributes more than the functional attributes of robot‐serviced restaurants. In addition, utilitarian value influences functional attributes more than the emotional attributes of these restaurants. However, it is noticeable that the pandemic outbreak has altered these relationships. The study has revealed the influence of consumption values for robot services on the importance of attributes at restaurants and the effects after the pandemic, providing theoretical and practical implications.
Impact of long‐term nasal airflow deprivation on sinonasal structures and chronic rhinosinusitis in total laryngectomy patients
Authors: Park Marn Joon , Bae Mirye , Kim Ji Heui , Chung Yoo‐Sam , Jang Yong Ju , Yu Myeong Sang
Published: January 2024

Objective

Total laryngectomy (TL) patients are good models in which to evaluate the effects of nasal airflow cessation on the sinonasal tract. Here, we evaluated changes in sinonasal structures and association with sinus opacification in the computed tomography (CT) images 3 years post‐TL.

Methods

Patients who underwent TL from 2005 to 2017 in a teaching academic center were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a final follow‐up CT taken less than 3 years after TL, tracheoesophageal puncture, inadequate CT image, or history of sinonasal surgery were excluded. The control group included patients who underwent a partial laryngectomy or hypopharyngectomy without requiring a tracheotomy for more than a month. Altogether, 45 TL patients and 38 controls were selected. The volume of all four paranasal sinuses, inferior turbinate soft tissue volume (ITSTV), maxillary sinus natural ostium (MSNO) mucosal width, and Lund–Mackay scores (LMS) were measured on preoperative and postoperative CT scans.

Results

The mean duration between surgery and the final CT scan was 6.3 ± 2.4 and 5.5 ± 2.3 years for the TL and control groups, respectively. Neither group showed significant changes in the four paranasal sinuses' volume or MSNO mucosa width. The ITSTV decreased significantly, from 4.6 ± 1.3 to 2.8 ± 1.1 mL (p < .001), in the TL group, regardless of the presence of nasal septal deviation, showing ITSTV reduction on both concave and convex sides. By contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in ITSTV. Postoperative LMS changes in both groups were insignificant. The number of patients with LMS aggravation or alleviation was the same in both groups, regardless of preoperative sinus opacification.

Conclusions

Paranasal sinus structures and sinus opacification are not affected significantly by nasal airflow cessation; however, the inferior turbinate mucosa is affected by long‐term discontinuation of nasal airflow.

Level of Evidence

4 (case–control study).
Reasons for failure of noninvasive prenatal test for cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal peripheral blood
Authors: Kong Xiangsha , Zhang Lin , Yang Ruifeng , Zhang Haiying , Ren Meihong , Wang Xiang , Zhu Ling , Chen Hongsong , Rao Huiying
Published: January 2024

Background

To explore reasons for the failure of noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) for cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal peripheral blood, and discuss appropriate treatment schemes after the failure of the test.

Methods

Altogether 41,136 pregnant women participated in NIPT. Blood samples were taken again from pregnant women who failed the first blood collection upon their informed consent. Prenatal genetic counseling or prenatal diagnosis was recommended for pregnant women with final NIPT failure.

Results

The first failure rate of NIPT was 0.737% (303/41136), and the reason for the failure was the low ratio of cffDNA in 135 (44.6%) of the 303 pregnant women. After the second or third blood sampling, the final failure rate was 0.182% (75/41136). The low ratio of cffDNA was the main reason for test failure in 42 (56.0%) of the 75 pregnant women who finally failed NIPT, among whom 44 (58.7%) had underlying diseases, including 21 (47.7%) with more than two coexisting underlying diseases. Only 27 (36.0%) of the 75 pregnant women with NIPT failure underwent interventional prenatal diagnosis.

Conclusions

The main reason for NIPT failure was the low ratio of cffDNA. Postponing the gestational weeks of blood collection may improve the success rate. Resampling and retesting upon informed consent in pregnant women who failed the first test could improve the success rate. For pregnant women who finally failed NIPT, it is suggested strengthening the genetic counseling, prenatal examination, and ultrasound evaluation, and carry out interventional prenatal diagnosis if necessary.
Ultra‐wideband imaging with an improved backward projection algorithm for far‐field applications
Authors: Xu Huaqiang , Fan Yucheng , Li Xiaoshuang , Liu Jianwei , Wang Yumeng , Yu Xinchang , Zhao Yuefeng , Wang Jingjing
Published: January 2024

Ultra‐wideband (UWB) radar imaging is widely used in penetration detection, target location and detection, and vital monitoring because of its high interference immunity and excellent target recognition with high resolution. In this paper, we report the design of a UWB stepper radar imaging system by using a vector network analyzer and a specially designed novel Vivaldi antenna for far‐field imaging applications. An anti‐attenuation backward projection (AA‐BP) algorithm is proposed to alleviate the attenuation impact of electromagnetic wave propagation. The AA‐BP algorithm and the specially designed Vivaldi antenna are jointly applied in our experiments on multiple targets through wall imaging in both free space and multiple‐path propagation environments. The experimental results show that our reported imaging system achieves desirable performances of far‐field imaging.
Preimplantation genetic testing: A remarkable history of pioneering, technical challenges, innovations, and ethical considerations
Authors: Latham Keith E.
Published: January 2024

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has emerged as a powerful companion to assisted reproduction technologies. The origins and history of PGT are reviewed here, along with descriptions of advances in molecular assays and sampling methods, their capabilities, and their applications in preventing genetic diseases and enhancing pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, the potential for increasing accuracy and genome coverage is considered, as well as some of the emerging ethical and legislative considerations related to the expanding capabilities of PGT.
A phase 1 study of mebendazole with bevacizumab and irinotecan in high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Krystal Julie , Hanson Derek , Donnelly Danielle , Atlas Mark
Published: January 2024

Background

High‐grade gliomas (HGG) have a dismal prognosis despite multimodal therapy. Mebendazole is an anti‐helminthic benzimidazole that has demonstrated efficacy in numerous in vitro cancer models, and is able to cross the blood–brain barrier. We conducted a phase 1 trial (NCT01837862) to evaluate the safety of mebendazole in combination with bevacizumab and irinotecan in children and young adults with HGG.

Objective

To determine the maximally tolerated dose of mebendazole when given in combination with bevacizumab and irinotecan in children with HGG; to describe the progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for this group.

Design/method

Patients between 1 and 21 years of age with HGG were enrolled in a 3 + 3 design to escalating doses of mebendazole in combination with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg/dose) and irinotecan (150 mg/m2/dose). Subjects were eligible upfront after completion of radiation or at the time of progression. Mebendazole was taken orally twice per day continuously, and bevacizumab and irinotecan were given intravenously on Days 1 and 15 of 28‐day cycles.

Results

Between 2015 and 2020, 10 subjects were enrolled at mebendazole doses of 50 mg/kg/day (n = 3), 100 mg/kg/day (n = 4), and 200 mg/kg/day (n = 3). One subject assigned to 100 mg/kg/day was not evaluable. Seven subjects had a diagnosis of diffuse midline glioma, one subject had anaplastic astrocytoma, and one subject had a spinal HGG. All subjects received radiation. There were no dose‐limiting toxicities. The most frequent G3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (n = 3) and lymphopenia (n = 4). The overall response rate was 33%, with two subjects achieving a partial response and one subject achieving a complete response sustained for 10 months. The mean PFS and OS from the start of study treatment were 4.7 and 11.4 months, respectively.

Conclusion

Mebendazole was safe and well tolerated when administered with bevacizumab and irinotecan at doses up to 200 mg/kg/day. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this treatment.
The behavioral mechanism of Chinese college teachers' teaching engagement: A qualitative study based on the grounded theory
Authors: Zou Yi , Xue Xinyu , Jin Lizhen , Ding Fujun
Published: January 2024

Considering the vital role of college teachers' teaching engagement in guaranteeing the quality of higher education, this study aimed to reveal the behavioral mechanism of Chinese college teachers' teaching engagement through qualitative study based on the grounded theory. It is found that the behavior of Chinese college teachers' teaching engagement is the result of the corresponding intention, which is affected by the three factors of the teaching engagement values, the perceived expectations from the significant others, and the professional knowledge and ability to teach through different ways of interaction. According to the findings, the teaching engagement of college teachers needs to be promoted from three paths: improve teachers' satisfaction of values demands in teaching engagement, reform policy regimes to create a cultural atmosphere that emphasizes teaching engagement, and enhance teachers' professional knowledge and ability of teaching.
Effect of Surface Modification on the Luminescence of Individual Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Ling Huan , Guan Daoming , Wen Rongrong , Hu Jialing , Zhang Yanxin , Zhao Fei , Zhang Yunxiang , Liu Qian
Published: January 2024

Lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) hold promise for single‐molecule imaging owing to their excellent photostability and minimal autofluorescence. However, their limited water dispersibility, often from the hydrophobic oleic acid ligand during synthesis, is a challenge. To address this, various surface modification strategies' impact on single‐particle upconversion luminescence are studied. UCNPs are made hydrophilic through methods like ligand exchange with dye IR806, HCl or NOBF4 treatment, silica coating (SiO2 or mesoporous mSiO2), and self‐assembly with polymer of DSPE‐PEG or F127. The studies revealed that UCNPs modified with NOBF4 and DSPE‐PEG exhibited notably higher single‐particle brightness with minimal quenching (3% and 8%, respectively), followed by SiO2, F127, IR806, mSiO2, and HCl (84% quenching). HCl disrupted UCNPs's crystal lattice, weakening luminescence, while mSiO2 absorbed solvent molecules, causing luminescence quenching. Energy transfer to IR806 also reduced the brightness. Additionally, a prevalence of upconversion red emission over green is observed, with the red‐to‐green ratio increasing with irradiance. UCNPs coated with DSPE‐PEG exhibited the brightest single‐particle luminescence in water, retaining 48% of its original emission due to a lower critical micelle concentration and superior water protection. In summary, the investigation provides valuable insights into the role of surface chemistry on UCNPs at the single‐particle level.