bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Raman Spectrum Data Augmentation System Using Federated Learning with Deep Generative Models
Authors: Kim Yaeran , Lee Woonghee
Published: December 2022

Chemical agents are one of the major threats to soldiers in modern warfare, so it is so important to detect chemical agents rapidly and accurately on battlefields. Raman spectroscopy-based detectors are widely used but have many limitations. The Raman spectrum changes unpredictably due to various environmental factors, and it is hard for detectors to make appropriate judgments about new chemical substances without prior information. Thus, the existing detectors with inflexible techniques based on determined rules cannot deal with such problems flexibly and reactively. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based detection techniques can be good alternatives to the existing techniques for chemical agent detection. To build AI-based detection systems, sufficient amounts of data for training are required, but it is not easy to produce and handle fatal chemical agents, which causes difficulty in securing data in advance. To overcome the limitations, in this paper, we propose the distributed Raman spectrum data augmentation system that leverages federated learning (FL) with deep generative models, such as generative adversarial network (GAN) and autoencoder. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes various additional techniques in combination to generate a large number of Raman spectrum data with reality along with diversity. We implemented the proposed system and conducted diverse experiments to evaluate the system. The evaluation results validated that the proposed system can train the models more quickly through cooperation among decentralized troops without exchanging raw data and generate realistic Raman spectrum data well. Moreover, we confirmed that the classification model on the proposed system performed learning much faster and outperformed the existing systems.
Walking Step Monitoring with a Millimeter-Wave Radar in Real-Life Environment for Disease and Fall Prevention for the Elderly
Authors: Zeng Xuezhi , Báruson Halldór Stefán Laxdal , Sundvall Alexander
Published: December 2022

We studied the use of a millimeter-wave frequency-modulated continuous wave radar for gait analysis in a real-life environment, with a focus on the measurement of the step time. A method was developed for the successful extraction of gait patterns for different test cases. The quantitative investigation carried out in a lab corridor showed the excellent reliability of the proposed method for the step time measurement, with an average accuracy of 96%. In addition, a comparison test between the millimeter-wave radar and a continuous-wave radar working at 2.45 GHz was performed, and the results suggest that the millimeter-wave radar is more capable of capturing instantaneous gait features, which enables the timely detection of small gait changes appearing at the early stage of cognitive disorders.
Trustability for Resilient Internet of Things Services on 5G Multiple Access Edge Cloud Computing
Authors: Uslu Suleyman , Kaur Davinder , Durresi Mimoza , Durresi Arjan
Published: December 2022

Billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors are expected to be supported by fifth-generation (5G) wireless cellular networks. This highly connected structure is predicted to attract different and unseen types of attacks on devices, sensors, and networks that require advanced mitigation strategies and the active monitoring of the system components. Therefore, a paradigm shift is needed, from traditional prevention and detection approaches toward resilience. This study proposes a trust-based defense framework to ensure resilient IoT services on 5G multi-access edge computing (MEC) systems. This defense framework is based on the trustability metric, which is an extension of the concept of reliability and measures how much a system can be trusted to keep a given level of performance under a specific successful attack vector. Furthermore, trustability is used as a trade-off with system cost to measure the net utility of the system. Systems using multiple sensors with different levels of redundancy were tested, and the framework was shown to measure the trustability of the entire system. Furthermore, different types of attacks were simulated on an edge cloud with multiple nodes, and the trustability was compared to the capabilities of dynamic node addition for the redundancy and removal of untrusted nodes. Finally, the defense framework measured the net utility of the service, comparing the two types of edge clouds with and without the node deactivation capability. Overall, the proposed defense framework based on trustability ensures a satisfactory level of resilience for IoT on 5G MEC systems, which serves as a trade-off with an accepted cost of redundant resources under various attacks.
A Fiber-Based Chromatic Dispersion Probe for Simultaneous Measurement of Dual-Axis Absolute and Relative Displacement
Authors: Zhao Ran , Chen Chong , Xiong Xin , Chen Yuan-Liu , Ju Bing-Feng
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a fiber-based chromatic dispersion probe for the simultaneous measurement of dual-axis absolute and relative displacement with nanometric resolutions. The proposed chromatic dispersion probe is based on optical dispersion. In the probe, the employed light beam is split into two sub-beams, and then the two sub-beams are made to pass through two optical paths with different optical settings where two identical single-mode fiber detectors are located at different defocused positions of the respective dispersive lenses. In this way, two spectral signals can be obtained to indicate the absolute displacement of each of the dual-axes. A signal processing algorithm is proposed to generate a normalized output wavelength that indicates the relative displacement of the dual-axis. With the proposed chromatic dispersion probe, the absolute and relative displacement measurements of the dual-axis can be realized simultaneously. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that the developed chromatic dispersion probe realizes an absolute measurement range and a measurement resolution of approximately 180 μm and 50 nm, respectively, for each axis. Moreover, a relative displacement measurement range and a measurement resolution of about 240 μm and 100 nm, respectively, are achieved for the dual-axis.
Design of Airborne Large Aperture Infrared Optical System Based on Monocentric Lens
Authors: Zhang Jiyan , Qin Teng , Xie Zhexin , Sun Liting , Lin Zhengyu , Cao Tianhao , Zhang Chentao
Published: December 2022

Conventional reconnaissance camera systems have been flown on manned aircraft, where the weight, size, and power requirements are not stringent. However, today, these parameters are important for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This article provides a solution to the design of airborne large aperture infrared optical systems, based on a monocentric lens that can meet the strict criteria of aerial reconnaissance UAVs for a wide field of view (FOV) and lightness of airborne electro-optical pod cameras. A monocentric lens has a curved image plane, consisting of an array of microsensors, which can provide an image with 368 megapixels over a 100° FOV. We obtained the initial structure of a five-glass (5GS) asymmetric monocentric lens with an air gap, using ray-tracing and global optimization algorithms. According to the design results, the ground sampling distance (GSD) of the system is 0.33 m at 3000 m altitude. The full-field modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the system is more than 0.4 at a Nyquist frequency of 70 lp/mm. We present a primary thermal control method, and the image quality was steady throughout the operating temperature range. This compactness and simple structure fulfill the needs of uncrewed airborne lenses. This work may facilitate the practical application of monocentric lens in UAVs.
A GNSS/INS/LiDAR Integration Scheme for UAV-Based Navigation in GNSS-Challenging Environments
Authors: Elamin Ahmed , Abdelaziz Nader , El-Rabbany Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation has recently been the focus of many studies. The most challenging aspect of UAV navigation is maintaining accurate and reliable pose estimation. In outdoor environments, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are typically used for UAV localization. However, relying solely on GNSS might pose safety risks in the event of receiver malfunction or antenna installation error. In this research, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) employing the Applanix APX15 GNSS/IMU board, a Velodyne Puck LiDAR sensor, and a Sony a7R II high-resolution camera was used to collect data for the purpose of developing a multi-sensor integration system. Unfortunately, due to a malfunctioning GNSS antenna, there were numerous prolonged GNSS signal outages. As a result, the GNSS/INS processing failed after obtaining an error that exceeded 25 km. To resolve this issue and to recover the precise trajectory of the UAV, a GNSS/INS/LiDAR integrated navigation system was developed. The LiDAR data were first processed using the optimized LOAM SLAM algorithm, which yielded the position and orientation estimates. Pix4D Mapper software was then used to process the camera images in the presence of ground control points (GCPs), which resulted in the precise camera positions and orientations that served as ground truth. All sensor data were timestamped by GPS, and all datasets were sampled at 10 Hz to match those of the LiDAR scans. Two case studies were considered, namely complete GNSS outage and assistance from GNSS PPP solution. In comparison to the complete GNSS outage, the results for the second case study were significantly improved. The improvement is described in terms of RMSE reductions of approximately 51% and 78% for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Additionally, the RMSE of the roll and yaw angles was reduced by 13% and 30%, respectively. However, the RMSE of the pitch angle was increased by about 13%.
Efficacy of Robot-Assisted Gait Therapy Compared to Conventional Therapy or Treadmill Training in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cortés-Pérez Irene , González-González Noelia , Peinado-Rubia Ana Belén , Nieto-Escamez Francisco Antonio , Obrero-Gaitán Esteban , García-López Héctor
Published: December 2022

Background: Motor, gait and balance disorders reduce functional capabilities for activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Robot-assisted gait therapy (RAGT) is being used to complement conventional therapy (CT) or treadmill therapy (TT) in CP rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effect of RAGT on gait, balance and functional independence in CP children, in comparison to CT or TT. Methods: We have conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. A search in PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro and SciELO has been conducted for articles published until October 2022. Controlled clinical trials (CCT), in which RAGT was compared to TT or CT and assessed gait speed, step and stride length, width step, walking distance, cadence, standing ability, walking, running and jumping ability, gross motor function and functional independence in children with CP, have been included. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and the pooled effect was calculated with Cohen’s Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Results: A total of 15 CCTs have been included, providing data from 413 participants, with an averaged methodological quality of 5.73 ± 1.1 points in PEDro. The main findings of this review are that RAGT shows better results than CT in the post-intervention assessment for gait speed (SMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.03 to 1.1), walking distance (SMD 2; 95% CI 0.36 to 3.65) and walking, running and jumping ability (SMD 0.63; 95% CI 0.12 to 1.14). Conclusions: This study shows that the effect of RAGT is superior to CT on gait speed, walking distance and walking, running and jumping ability in post-intervention, although no differences were found between RAGT and TT or CT for the remaining variables.
Resolution and Frequency Effects on UAVs Semi-Direct Visual-Inertial Odometry (SVO) for Warehouse Logistics
Authors: Godio Simone , Carrio Adrian , Guglieri Giorgio , Dovis Fabio
Published: December 2022

For the commercial sector, warehouses are becoming increasingly vital. Constant efforts are in progress to increase the efficiency of these facilities while reducing costs. The inventory part of the goods is a time-consuming task that impacts the company’s revenue. This article presents an analysis of the performance of a state-of-the-art, visual-inertial odometry algorithm, SVO Pro Open, when varying the resolution and frequency of video streaming in an industrial environment. To perform efficiently this task, achieving an optimal system in terms of localization accuracy, robustness, and computational cost is necessary. Different resolutions are selected with a constant aspect ratio, and an accurate calibration for each resolution configuration is performed. A stable operating point in terms of robustness, accuracy of localization, and CPU utilization is found and the trends obtained are studied. To keep the system robust against sudden divergence, the feature loss factor extracted from optical sensors is analyzed. Innovative trends and translation errors on the order of a few tens of centimeters are achieved, allowing the system to navigate safely in the warehouse. The best result is obtained at a resolution of 636 × 600 px, where the localization errors (x, y, and z) are all under 0.25 m. In addition, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) usage of the onboard computer is kept below 60%, remaining usable for other relevant onboard processing tasks.
Robust Iris-Localization Algorithm in Non-Cooperative Environments Based on the Improved YOLO v4 Model
Authors: Xiong Qi , Zhang Xinman , Wang Xingzhu , Qiao Naosheng , Shen Jun
Published: December 2022

Iris localization in non-cooperative environments is challenging and essential for accurate iris recognition. Motivated by the traditional iris-localization algorithm and the robustness of the YOLO model, we propose a novel iris-localization algorithm. First, we design a novel iris detector with a modified you only look once v4 (YOLO v4) model. We can approximate the position of the pupil center. Then, we use a modified integro-differential operator to precisely locate the iris inner and outer boundaries. Experiment results show that iris-detection accuracy can reach 99.83% with this modified YOLO v4 model, which is higher than that of a traditional YOLO v4 model. The accuracy in locating the inner and outer boundary of the iris without glasses can reach 97.72% at a short distance and 98.32% at a long distance. The locating accuracy with glasses can obtained at 93.91% and 84%, respectively. It is much higher than the traditional Daugman’s algorithm. Extensive experiments conducted on multiple datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method for iris localization in non-cooperative environments.
Holistic Security and Safety for Factories of the Future
Authors: Maia Eva , Wannous Sinan , Dias Tiago , Praça Isabel , Faria Ana
Published: December 2022

The accelerating transition of traditional industrial processes towards fully automated and intelligent manufacturing is being witnessed in almost all segments. This major adoption of enhanced technology and digitization processes has been originally embraced by the Factories of the Future and Industry 4.0 initiatives. The overall aim is to create smarter, more sustainable, and more resilient future-oriented factories. Unsurprisingly, introducing new production paradigms based on technologies such as machine learning (ML), the Internet of Things (IoT), and robotics does not come at no cost as each newly incorporated technique poses various safety and security challenges. Similarly, the integration required between these techniques to establish a unified and fully interconnected environment contributes to additional threats and risks in the Factories of the Future. Accumulating and analyzing seemingly unrelated activities, occurring simultaneously in different parts of the factory, is essential to establish cyber situational awareness of the investigated environment. Our work contributes to these efforts, in essence by envisioning and implementing the SMS-DT, an integrated platform to simulate and monitor industrial conditions in a digital twin-based architecture. SMS-DT is represented in a three-tier architecture comprising the involved data and control flows: edge, platform, and enterprise tiers. The goal of our platform is to capture, analyze, and correlate a wide range of events being tracked by sensors and systems in various domains of the factory. For this aim, multiple components have been developed on the basis of artificial intelligence to simulate dominant aspects in industries, including network analysis, energy optimization, and worker behavior. A data lake was also used to store collected information, and a set of intelligent services was delivered on the basis of innovative analysis and learning approaches. Finally, the platform was tested in a textile industry environment and integrated with its ERP system. Two misuse cases were simulated to track the factory machines, systems, and people and to assess the role of SMS-DT correlation mechanisms in preventing intentional and unintentional actions. The results of these misuse case simulations showed how the SMS-DT platform can intervene in two domains in the first scenario and three in the second one, resulting in correlating the alerts and reporting them to security operators in the multi-domain intelligent correlation dashboard.
Embedded Sensor Systems in Medical Devices: Requisites and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Arandia Nerea , Garate Jose Ignacio , Mabe Jon
Published: December 2022

The evolution of technology enables the design of smarter medical devices. Embedded Sensor Systems play an important role, both in monitoring and diagnostic devices for healthcare. The design and development of Embedded Sensor Systems for medical devices are subjected to standards and regulations that will depend on the intended use of the device as well as the used technology. This article summarizes the challenges to be faced when designing Embedded Sensor Systems for the medical sector. With this aim, it presents the innovation context of the sector, the stages of new medical device development, the technological components that make up an Embedded Sensor System and the regulatory framework that applies to it. Finally, this article highlights the need to define new medical product design and development methodologies that help companies to successfully introduce new technologies in medical devices.
Purification of Two Taxanes from Taxus cuspidata by Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Zhao Zirui , Li Wenlong , Tang Yuanhu , Meng Huiwen , Wang Shujie
Published: December 2022

In the present study, an effective method of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC) was established to purify two taxanes in Taxus cuspidata. During the experimental operation, the effects of flow rate, injection volume, and column temperature on the purity of 10-deacetyltaxol (10-DAT) and paclitaxel (PTX) were investigated, and the optimized conditions were as follows: flow rate of 10 mL/min, injection volume of 0.5 mL, and column temperature of 30 °C. Under these conditions, the purity of 10-DAT and PTX reached 95.33% and 99.15%, respectively. The purified products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS). The results demonstrated that preparative HPLC can effectively purify 10-DAT and PTX from Taxus cuspidata with a purity of >95%, which was suitable for the large-scale preparation of 10-DAT and PTX.
Scattering in Geometric Approach to Quantum Theory
Authors: Schwarz Albert
Published: December 2022

We define inclusive scattering matrix in the framework of a geometric approach to quantum field theory. We review the definitions of scattering theory in the algebraic approach and relate them to the definitions in the geometric approach.
COVID-19 and Influenza Coinfection Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in the United States: A Propensity Matched Analysis of National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Garg Ishan , Gangu Karthik , Shuja Hina , Agahi Alireza , Sharma Harsh , Bobba Aniesh , Nasrullah Adeel , Chourasia Prabal , Pal Suman , Sheikh Abu Baker , Shekhar Rahul
Published: December 2022

This study aims to provide comparative data on clinical features and in-hospital outcomes among U.S. adults admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 and influenza infection using a nationwide inpatient sample (N.I.S.) data 2020. Data were collected on patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes, including patient’s age, race, sex, insurance status, median income, length of stay, mortality, hospitalization cost, comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Additional analysis was performed using propensity matching. In propensity-matched cohort analysis, influenza-positive (and COVID-positive) patients had higher mean hospitalization cost (USD 129,742 vs. USD 68,878, p = 0.04) and total length of stay (9.9 days vs. 8.2 days, p = 0.01), higher odds of needing mechanical ventilation (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.19–3.39), and higher in-hospital mortality (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.03–4.24) relative to the COVID-positive and influenza-negative cohort. In conclusion, COVID-positive and influenza-negative patients had lower hospital charges, shorter hospital stays, and overall lower mortality, thereby supporting the use of the influenza vaccine in COVID-positive patients.
From Human to Autonomous Driving: A Method to Identify and Draw Up the Driving Behaviour of Connected Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Caruso Giandomenico , Yousefi Mohammad Kia , Mussone Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

The driving behaviour of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) may influence the final acceptance of this technology. Developing a driving style suitable for most people implies the evaluation of alternatives that must be validated. Intelligent Virtual Drivers (IVDs), whose behaviour is controlled by a program, can test different driving styles along a specific route. However, multiple combinations of IVD settings may lead to similar outcomes due to their high variability. The paper proposes a method to identify the IVD settings that can be used as a reference for a given route. The method is based on the cluster analysis of vehicular data produced by a group of IVDs with different settings driving along a virtual road scenario. Vehicular data are clustered to find IVDs representing a driving style to classify human drivers who previously drove on the same route with a driving simulator. The classification is based on the distances between the different vehicular signals calculated for the IVD and recorded for human drivers. The paper includes a case study showing the practical use of the method applied on an actual road circuit. The case study demonstrated that the proposed method allowed identifying three IVDs, among 29 simulated, which have been subsequently used as a reference to cluster 26 human driving styles. These representative IVDs, which ideally replicate the driving style of human drivers, can be used to support the development of CAVs control logic that better fits human expectations. A closing discussion about the flexibility of the method in terms of the different natures of data collection, allowed for depicting future applications and perspectives.
Particulate Cell Wall Materials of Lactobacillus acidophilus as Vaccine Adjuvant
Authors: Lin Shu-Ching , Chang Pu-Chieh , Lin Chien-Hung , Liang Hong-Jen , Huang Chih-Hung
Published: December 2022

We evaluated Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) for adjuvant application in animal vaccines. LA particles (LAPs) are made by treating LA with purification processes and high-pressure homogenization (HPH). We found that LAPs treated with HPH with trehalose and emulsifiers had an average particle size of 179 nm, considerably smaller than LAPs without additives. First, we evaluated the adjuvanticity of LAPs using a murine model with ovalbumin antigens, revealing that LAPs, especially in a five-fold concentration, could induce a considerable antibody response compared with other current adjuvants. In poultry vaccination tests using inactivated Newcastle disease virus, LAPs alone could induce a similar antibody response compared to commercial water-in-oil (W/O) adjuvant ISA70, a commercial adjuvant, at weeks 4 and 6; however, they declined faster than ISA70 at weeks 8 and 10. LAPs added to conventional adjuvant materials, such as mineral oil-based O/W emulsions, showed similar adjuvanticity to ISA70. LA-H5-C, composed of carbomer, emulsifiers and trehalose showed no significant body weight change in acute toxicity compared to other adjuvants including ISA70, making formulated LAPs a potential candidate for use as a veterinary vaccine adjuvant.
Application of closed aspiration system for sanitation of the tracheobronchial tree under the conditions of artificial lung ventilation personnel management
Authors:   SBHI SR “Tolyatti City Clinical Hospital No. 5”,  Tolyatti, Russia, Lepekhina N.G.
Published: December 2022

Currently, the risk of HCAI is reduced due to innovative technologies, the use of modern antiseptics, disposable instruments, and strict adherence by medical staff to the sanitary and anti- epidemic regime. The introduction of nursing standards, strict adherence to the implementation of medical procedures technologies can improve the quality of medical care for ICU patients, increase the efficiency of care for patients with an infectious profile.
COVID-19 and pathology of cerebral circulation
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Volgograd State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation,, Svetlichnaya E. S. , Skvortsov V. V. ,   FSBEI HE «Volgograd State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation,, Gorbach A. N. ,   FSBEI HE «Volgograd State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation,
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus infection is a group of infectious diseases caused by various serotypes of coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2), and in severe cases is dangerous for the body and human health. During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, neurological disorders were noticed in patients, which were manifested by the following symptoms and pathological conditions: dizziness, headache, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage. As statistics show, these manifestations were noted mainly in patients with vascular pathology, coagulopathy, and in cases of severe multimorbidity. Stroke is the main cause of persistent neurological disorders and death, therefore, it requires a more detailed analysis of the course of the pathology, patient management and preventive measures.
Features of the work of the operating nurse in the angiographic operating room
Authors:   SBHI SR «Togliatti City Clinical Hospital No. 5», Tolyatti, Russia, Grishina A. S.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the role of the operating nurse in the process of introducing modern surgical treatment technologies, which consist not only in the high-quality preparation of instruments and consumables, but also in the full participation of the nurse during the surgical intervention and responsibility for its outcome.
Modern technologies in thrombolysis therapy at the pre-hospital stage in the practice of medium staff emergency assistance
Authors:   SBHI SR «Togliatti station of emergency medical care», Togliatti, Russia, Novichkova S. Yu.
Published: December 2022

The use of thrombolytic drugs by ambulance teams is safe, it can significantly reduce the time from the onset of an ischemic attack to the effective anatomical restoration of blood flow in the affected coronary artery, which makes it possible to achieve a pronounced decrease in mortality and disability in acute coronary syndrome.
About some areas of cooperation between China and Israel
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, S.-Petersburg, Sutyrin S. F. , Kovalenko V. N. ,   PJSC "DONCOMBANK"
Published: December 2022

Israel was the first state in the Middle East to recognize the independence of the PRC, but full-fl edged diplomatic relations between the two countries were established only in 1992. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the interaction between the two countries has been in the nature of military-technical cooperation, and in the 1990s it acquired a new dimension. After the confl ict between the United States and Israel in the late 1990s and early 2000s, due to the alleged transfer by Israel to the PRC of technical means created on the basis of American technologies, military-technical cooperation between China and Israel stopped. Nevertheless, the cooperation continues to develop. The PRC is beginning to actively invest in high-tech Israeli companies, as well as attract Israeli investors to national innovation (technology) parks in China, which corresponds to the long-term goals of the PRC in the fi eld of scientifi c and technological development. In addition, the two countries are currently dynamically cooperating in the fi eld of infrastructure investments, which not only improves Israel’s logistics potential, but also creates facilities that in the future will become an integral part of the global Chinese project "One Belt and One Road".
The main trends of Russian food exports to the BRICS countries
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Economy of Agriculture, Moscow, Medvedeva N. A. , Zubkova Yu. V. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Economy of Agriculture, Moscow
Published: December 2022

The article is about trade cooperation development between Russia and BRICS in the agricultural sector. Recently BRICS countries have been increasing the volume of trade in international markets. Over the past fi ve years the total volume of agricultural exports of these countries has increased by 12,4 percent. Three of the fi ve BRICS countries are among the top ten world exporters. At the same time, the volume of intra-regional trade is insignifi cant and amounts to only about $8 billion. The trade in agricultural and food products within BRICS countries was analyzed, as well as trade of Russia with each of the BRICS countries: China, Brazil, India and the Republic of South Africa. Russia has a negative trade balance with almost all BRICS countries. Trade relations with China are developing most dynamically. Russia has the largest trade turnover with this country ($4.9 billion in 2021) and a positive trade balance. The article considers the potential opportunities for the development of trade relations between Russia and each of the BRICS countries. Further expansion of trade relations involves: creating favorable conditions for the development of mutual trade between countries and direct investment; optimization of the structure of foreign trade turnover in food, technical assistance to increase the production and export potential of the participating countries, convergence of the requirements and practices of customs services, increasing the competitiveness of products by improving their quality and reducing logistics costs.
Cryptopace and problems of decentralization of the financial system: view from Russia
Authors:   ANO VO RosNOU, Moscow, Klunko N. S.
Published: December 2022

The article examines the problems of the formation of cryptospace in modern Russia, determines the objective prerequisites for the formation of a parallel fi nancial system, which is based on blockchain technology and the idea of cryptocurrency circulation. The author presents the characteristic features of centralized and decentralized financial systems, considering differences in the way to achieve goals, the functioning of regulatory norms of legislation, the degree of fi nancial independence and manufacturability. It is indicated that the very ideology of a free market economy and free circulation of information in the context of digitalization led to the emergence of these phenomena. The objectivity of these phenomena raises the question of the admissibility of their introduction into the fi nancial system of the Russian Federation. The author critically comprehends the provisions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrencies in the context of the development of the fi nancial system. It is indicated that this form of circulation of fi nance is new and promising, although it carries signifi cant risks for both the fi nancial system and users. At the same time, arguments are given in favor of the legalization of cryptocurrencies in Russia, a model for the circulation of cryptocurrencies is given that considers the interests of all participants in virtual monetary relations, and a promising direction for further research on cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology is identified.
Scale and development of foreign economic interaction between the USA and Japan in 2009–2021
Authors:   Center for North American Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Chudinova K. O.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the dynamics of economic cooperation between the US and Japan for the period 2009–2021: bilateral trade, export and import, FDI flows. Particular attention is paid to Japanese FDI and activities of Japanese manufacturing companies in the United States. Bilateral economic relations are a part of the broader context of economic integration in the Asia-Pacific, activities of multinational enterprises and their global production networks. A "triangular" model of trade relations has developed between Japan, China and the United States, with significant part of trade going through global value chains (GVCs). Over the past decade, the US foreign trade policy priorities have changed several times: from the attempt to create a free trade area in the Asia-Pacific under the Obama administration to President Trump’s protectionism and to more liberal economic agenda of the Biden administration. The role of Japan in the Trans-Pacific Partnership creation and reformatting after the US withdrawal is shown. The prerequisites for the progress of bilateral relations to a new stage of scientifi c, technical and economic cooperation in the context of confrontation between the USA and China are analyzed. President Biden’s economic policy priority in the Asia-Pacific is attracting allies to crucial technologies development and increasing global value chains sustainability. Japan is a key partner for the US to secure control over technology transfer, diversify supply sources and strengthen GVCs. Coordination of approaches to promoting economic security is an important priority for the renewed US-Japan alliance, so the two countries can reach a new level of cooperation.
The performance of the German chemical industry through the prism of geopolitical instability
Authors:   Center for European Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Denisenko K. S.
Published: December 2022

The aggravated energy crisis caused by rising raw materials’ prices significantly reshapes the global chemical industry. The European Union is the second largest market in terms of turnover, lagging only behind the People’s Republic of China. The EU market is dominated by Germany that occupies the leading position in the industry and determines production standards for the entire European community. The industry faces new challenges as it has not yet completely recovered from COVID-19 pandemic. Growing costs for electricity and resources, disruption of supply chains, logistical delays in semi-processed and basic chemicals’ supply as well as diminishing demand lead to crises that are already traceable in the fi rst half of 2022. A fairly capital-intensive, energy-intensive and export-oriented German chemical industry significantly aff ects adjacent industries such as metallurgy, construction, automobile production, agriculture and healthcare. The given article analyses the current state of the German chemical industry and its positioning on the global markets in the context of geopolitical shifts as well as its adaptation to the rapidly changing conditions. The inability to comply with the strict norms of the European Commission within the framework of the green agenda as well as the insufficiency of energy resources are already forcing companies operating in the industry to take desperate measures and deviate from the original standards. Competition against the rapidly growing Japanese chemical industry in the recent years is forcing Germany to undertake critical measures aimed at protecting its share of the global market. Thus, there is a downward trend in production capacities that has a direct impact on the general state of the industry.
ESTIMATING THE LATERAL FORCES THAT IMPACT ON THE WHEELS OF A TRANSPORT ROBOTIC SYSTEM
Authors: Shabanov D. , Volkov A. , Cheusova A. , Kochneva O.
Published: December 2022

A method for calculating the wheels lateral forces is proposed to analyze ways to increase the speed of the robotic system without wheel slippage appearance, The analysis of lateral forces allows to synthesize a rational algorithm for distributing the load between drives. In addition, it is proposed to use a vector space to represent kinematic energy, which simplify simulation of the instant center of rotation movements and simplify control system development. The first part of the article is devoted to finding the relationship between the summary lateral force and the drives traction forces; the changing the distance to the instant center of rotation; the lateral movement of the instant center of rotation and the current speed of the entire system. The listed relationships are found through kinematic constraints and the energy conservation law. The second part is devoted to the evaluation of the lateral force acting on each wheel. Thus, the value of the reduced reaction force and the quasi-static model of an elastic wheel are used. Examples of using the proposed method are shown: a comparison of the maximum possible speeds of motion without slippage for different distribution of moments between drives and for different arrangement of drive wheels in the system is carried out.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN OF A MOBILE BORING MACHINE FOR PROCESSING INTERNAL SURFACES
Authors: Marusich K. , Druzhinin V.
Published: December 2022

It is often an unattainable task to ensure high accuracy of machining of hard-to-reach overall equipment when performing repair work outside a machine-building enterprise. Therefore, it is currently relevant to abandon these operations in favor of the use of specialized mobile machines, which will significantly reduce the cost and time of such repairs. Now the market is widely represented by mobile machines of foreign companies for processing large-sized products. Their cost starts from 3.5 million rubles, while technological equipment for expanding the capabilities of the machine is considered an option and is not included in the basic package. This significantly affects the choice of such equipment by small and medium-sized enterprises that are engaged in the restoration and repair of various surfaces of large-sized products. Thus, the development of the domestic machine-tool industry makes the development of various designs of mobile machine tools relevant for the purpose of import substitution in the Russian machine-building industry. This paper presents the design of a mobile boring machine that performs the processing of internal surfaces according to the control program with the required accuracy through the use of servo motor drives. Additionally, an engineering analysis of the structure is performed using the finite element method
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCE OF INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Shamaeva T.
Published: December 2022

The industry is at a new qualitative stage of its development. The prerequisites for the transition to a new stage are the following: the development of science, the use of modern technologies, innovations, materials, computerization and programming. The architecture of modern industrial buildings is the object of research. The architectural appearance of "sustainable architecture" for industrial purposes is poorly studied. The characteristic features of architectural solutions are studied. They helped to achieve the belonging of the object to the "sustainable architecture", including in the decisions of the appearance of the industrial facility. Volumes, facades, basic planning ideas affecting the volume and appearance of the object are analyzed. Conclusions are formulated. Attitude towards industry of architecture and towards architecture of industrial buildings are changing. A general trend has been identified – this is the humanization of industrial architecture: a partial departure from the standardization of architectural solutions; multifunctionality; a departure from "closed" production; the appearance of a building with "blurred" typological features of industrial architecture, a shift towards the appearance of a public object. The tendencies to fulfill the criteria of "sustainable development of architecture" are formulated: the use of alternative sources of electricity, innovative technologies and building materials; the active use of scientific developments; computerization and programming. Special attention is paid to safety for the population and working personnel, environmental safety. A set of measures is being taken to achieve safety, including the use of architectural and structural solutions. The originality of facades, volumes, non-standard solutions of an ideological and planning nature also become the hallmark of the "sustainable development of architecture".
RESEARCH OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON ALUMINOFLUOROSILICATE GLASS
Authors: Romanenko A. , Buzov A. , Chuev V. , Doroganov V. , Onischuk V. , Fanina E.
Published: December 2022

The results of a comparative analysis of dental glass ionomer cements are compared: "AHfil +" (AHL, United Kingdom), "Ketac Molar Easymix" (3M ESPE, USA), "Fuji IX GP" (GC, Japan), "ProGlass Nine" (Silmet , Israel), "Polyacrylin" (TechnoDent, Russia), "Cemion" (VladMiVa, Russia), "Kemfil" (StomaDent, Russia) and "Glassin Rest" (Omega-Dent, Russia) in terms of working time, hardening time, strength compression, radiopacity, microstructure and chemical composition. It is shown that the main component of the powders of these GICs is crushed calcium ("Kemfil"), strontium ("AHfil +", "Cemion" and "Fuji IX GP"), calcium-strontium ("ProGlass Nine", "Polyacrylin" and "Glassin Rest") and lanthanum-calcium aluminofluorosilicate glass ("Ketac Molar Easymix"). All of them contain phosphorus. Differences in powder granulometric composition indicate a difference in the technology of glass grinding during their production. The working time of the studied GICs is from 1 to 3.5 minutes. The requirements of GOST 31578-2012 and ISO 9917-1:2007 do not correspond to "ProGlass Nine" (36 ± 3 MPa), "Kemfil" (68±6 MPa) and "Glassin Rest" in terms of strength, and "ProGlass Nine" in hardening time. "Fuji IX GP" has the highest strength (201 ± 33 MPa), the rest of the GIC - 142-169 MPa. All studied GICs, with the exception of the non-radiopacity "ProGlass Nine", have a radiopacity corresponding to 1 mm of aluminum. According to the results of the tests, "AHfil +", "Ketac Molar Easymix", "Fuji IX GP", "Polyacrylin" and "Cemion" are recommended for clinical use by dentists
Musiques traditionnelles et production d'identités culturelles locales
Authors: Lapassade Georges
Published: December 2022

Les néo-traditionalismes - les «inventions de traditions» - se développent un peu partout de par le monde dans le contexte des «productions d'identités locales» et des ethnicisations des rapports sociaux.

Deux exemples sont ici proposés :

1) Depuis quelques années, on assiste dans le Salente (Sud italien, région des Pouilles) à la construction d'une nouvelle identité salentine qui emprunte beaucoup à la tradition musicale associée jadis à la thérapie traditionnelle des tarentulés (les «mordus» de la tarentule). C'est le néo-tarentisme ;

2) A Oliena (Sardaigne), un groupe de jeunes «tenores», au nom d'un retour à une tradition musicale locale plus authentique, refusent toute collaboration avec les musiques juvéniles actuelles, notamment, et développent en réalité, eux aussi, un néo-traditionalisme local.
Les « battles » de danse hip-hop. Un cercle de sociabilités juvéniles
Authors: Fofana Dieynébou
Published: December 2022

Né au milieu des années soixante-dix, sur la côte est des États-Unis, le mou¬ vement hip-hop est apparu en France au début des années quatre-vingt. Or ce qui apparaît dans un premier temps comme un mouvement de mode voué à disparaître s'avère rapidement être une véritable culture. Une culture avec des codes et des pratiques qui vont trouver auprès des jeunes et plus préci¬ sément des jeunes issus des périphéries urbaines leur plus grande chambre d'écho, composée des trois modes d'expression que sont : la musique, avec le rap et le djing, l'art graphique et la danse.

On a choisi de s'attacher à la culture hip-hop et plus particulièrement aux danses hip-hop en tant que culture urbaine et culture juvénile, mais surtout en tant qu'espace propice au développement de nouvelles sociabilités juvé¬ niles. Pour illustrer notre propos, on s'intéressera ainsi à la pratique du défi en danse hip-hop ; à travers une description de ce type de manifestation, qui existe depuis les premières heures du mouvement hip-hop.
De l'autre côté du périph', la France !
Authors: Begag Azouz
Published: December 2022

Frankreich liegt auf der anderen Seite des Stadtrings

Dieser Artikel behandelt die Gesehichte der ersten, zwischen 1970 und 1980 in den franzôsischen Vorstadten aufgewachsenen Kindergeneration, die sich dazu gezwungen sah, ihre ortliche und gesellschaftliche Herkunft zu verleugnen, um im Leben Erfolg zu haben. Diese Einwandererkinder mußten lernen, mit dem individualistisch gepràgten französischen Integrationsbegriff umzugehen und kulturellen, gesellschaftlichen und geographischen Abstand zu ihrem Ursprungsmilieu einzuhalten, um sich aus ihm zu befreien und durchschnittliche Franzosen werden zu können. Oder wenigstens als solche in der Stadt der «Anderen» betrachtet zu werden. Oder, auf dem Gipfel der Integration angelangt, überhaupt nicht mehr beachtet zu werden. Unsichtbarzu werden. Dieser Artikel fußt auf einer Reihe von Befragungen von etwa hundert heute um die vierzig Jahre alten Mannern und Frauen, die ihre Kindheit und Jugend in einem jener «schwierigen» Wohnviertel verbracht haben, und die ich die Dérouilleurs [wörtlich : die «Rostklopfer», hier : Leute, die andere barsch dazu anhalten, nicht langer «herumzuhangen», endlich in Gang zu kommen] genannt habe. Es scheint, daß der Problemkreis «Gelobtes Land, Land der Traume» auf diese Töchter und Söhne der Einwanderer besonders zutrifft : diese Kinder waren in die «Peripherie» abgeschoben, aus der sie sich «losreißen» mußten, um sich «zusammenreißen» zu können. Sie sind für mich die neuen Auswanderer unserer Tage. Ihr Weg ins Exil war meist nicht sehr lang : um die Neue Welt, die Welt der «Eingeborenen» zu erreichen, mußten sie oft nur den Stadtring überqueren.