bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of the multiple manifestations of psoriatic disease
Authors: Reich K. , Warren R.B. , Coates L.C. , Di Comite G.
Published: December 2019

Psoriatic disease is a multifaceted disorder, which develops in the skin, its appendages and joints. Though characterized by different pathogenic background and clinical manifestations, skin plaque psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are related, sharing key inflammatory mechanisms and hence mode of management. Secukinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds and neutralizes interleukin‐17A. It has been approved for use as a subcutaneous injection for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe PsO, PsA and AS. The current review highlights the long‐term efficacy and safety profile of secukinumab in the treatment of plaque psoriasis and its multiple manifestations from its phase 3 clinical trial programme. The long‐term extension of pivotal trials has shown sustainable efficacy and safety of secukinumab up to 5 years in PsO, PsA and AS and up to 2.5 years in moderate‐to‐severe nail and palmoplantar PsO through dedicated randomized controlled trials. The effect of secukinumab therapy in all these indications has corresponding effects on improvement in quality‐of‐life and daily activities. Overall, secukinumab is an effective and safe treatment choice for patients suffering from psoriatic disease in its multiple clinical variants.
Low‐dose rectal diclofenac does not prevent post‐ERCP pancreatitis in low‐ or high‐risk patients
Authors: Katoh Takao , Kawashima Kousaku , Fukuba Nobuhiko , Masuda Shigeto , Kobatake Hiroko , Masaki Kousaku , Araki Yasuhiro , Kawano Koichiro , Nishi Katsuhisa , Takenaka Mamoru , Ishihara Shunji , Kinoshita Yoshikazu
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim

The most common adverse event following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure is post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Rectal nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration has shown promise to reduce the risk of PEP in high‐risk patients. However, in contrast to high‐risk patients, the role of NSAID administration in patients with low risk remains controversial.

Methods

We performed a prospective, single‐center, single‐blinded, two‐arm parallel group, randomized controlled trial to clarify the efficacy of low dose (50 mg) rectal NSAID administration for preventing PEP in at‐risk patients. Patients scheduled to undergo ERCP were randomized into two groups, those with and without rectal administration of diclofenac. Patients in the diclofenac group received 50 mg of rectal diclofenac 30 min before undergoing ERCP. The primary endpoint was rate of PEP.

Results

A total of 303 were randomized into the study groups. Four patients declined participation following randomization, and another two were withdrawn. As a result, a total of 147 patients were assigned to the diclofenac group and 150 to the control group. The baseline and procedural characteristics were similar in both groups. The primary endpoint of PEP occurrence was seen in 13 of 297 patients (4.4%), including eight (5.4%) in the diclofenac group and five (3.3%) in the control group (P = 0.286). Additionally, those results were not significantly different when patients were classified as low or high risk.

Conclusions

Prophylactic low‐dose rectal diclofenac did not reduce the incidence of PEP following ERCP in patients classified as low or high risk.
Point of care and oral fluid hepatitis B testing in remote Indigenous communities of northern Australia
Authors: Sullivan Richard P. , Davies Jane , Binks Paula , Dhurrkay Roslyn Gundjirryiir , Gurruwiwi George Garambaka , Bukulatjpi Sarah Mariyalawuy , McKinnon Melita , Hosking Kelly , Littlejohn Margaret , Jackson Kathy , Locarnini Stephen , Davis Joshua S. , Tong Steven Y. C.
Published: December 2019

Many Indigenous Australians in northern Australia living with chronic hepatitis B are unaware of their diagnosis due to low screening rates. A venous blood point of care test (POCT) or oral fluid laboratory test could improve testing uptake in this region. The purpose of this study was to assess the field performance of venous blood POCT and laboratory performance of an oral fluid hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test in Indigenous individuals living in remote northern Australian communities. The study was conducted with four very remote communities in the tropical north of Australia's Northern Territory. Community research workers collected venous blood and oral fluid samples. We performed the venous blood POCT for HBsAg in the field. We assessed the venous blood and oral fluid specimens for the presence of HBsAg using standard laboratory assays. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the POCT and oral fluid test, using serum laboratory detection of HBsAg as the gold standard. From 215 enrolled participants, 155 POCT and 197 oral fluid tests had corresponding serum HBsAg results. The POCT had a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 100%. Based on a population prevalence of 6%, the PPV was 100% and NPV was 99.5%. The oral fluid test had a sensitivity of 56.8%, specificity of 98.1%, PPV of 97.3% and NPV of 65.9%. The venous blood POCT has excellent test characteristics and could be used to identify individuals with chronic HBV infection in high prevalence communities with limited access to health care. Oral fluid performance was suboptimal.
Asian consensus recommendations on optimizing the diagnosis and initiation of treatment of hepatitis B virus infection in resource‐limited settings
Authors: Gane Edward John , Charlton Michael R. , Mohamed Rosmawati , Sollano Jose Decena , Tun Kyaw Soe , Pham Thuy Thi Thu , Payawal Diana Alcantara , Gani Rino Alvani , Muljono David Handojo , Acharya Subrat Kumar , Zhuang Hui , Shukla Akash , Madan Kaushal , Saraf Neeraj , Tyagi Satyendra , Singh Karam Romeo , Cua Ian Homer Yee , Jargalsaikhan Ganbolor , Duger Davadoorj , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Purnomo Hery Djagat , Hasan Irsan , Lesmana Laurentius Adrianto , Lesmana Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya , Kyi Khin Pyone , Naing Win , Ravishankar Allampura Chandrashekar , Hadigal Sanjay
Published: December 2019

Asia has an intermediate‐to‐high prevalence of and high morbidity and mortality from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Optimization of diagnosis and initiation of treatment is one of the crucial strategies for lowering disease burden in this region. Therefore, a panel of 24 experts from 10 Asian countries convened, and reviewed the literature, to develop consensus guidance on diagnosis and initiation of treatment of HBV infection in resource‐limited Asian settings. The panel proposed 11 recommendations related to diagnosis, pre‐treatment assessment, and indications of therapy of HBV infection, and management of HBV‐infected patients with co‐infections. In resource‐limited Asian settings, testing for hepatitis B surface antigen may be considered as the primary test for diagnosis of HBV infection. Pre‐treatment assessments should include tests for complete blood count, liver and renal function, hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg), anti‐HBe, HBV DNA, co‐infection markers and assessment of severity of liver disease. Noninvasive tests such as AST‐to‐platelet ratio index, fibrosis score 4 or transient elastography may be used as alternatives to liver biopsy for assessing disease severity. Considering the high burden of HBV infection in Asia, the panel adopted an aggressive approach, and recommended initiation of antiviral therapy in all HBV‐infected, compensated or decompensated cirrhotic individuals with detectable HBV DNA levels, regardless of HBeAg status or alanine transaminase levels. The panel also developed a simple algorithm for guiding the initiation of treatment in noncirrhotic, HBV‐infected individuals. The recommendations proposed herein, may help guide clinicians, to optimize the diagnosis and improvise the treatment rates for HBV infection in Asia.
Molecular and behavioural evidence that interdependent photo ‐ and chemosensory systems regulate larval settlement in a marine sponge
Authors: Say Tahsha E. , Degnan Sandie M.
Published: December 2019

Marine pelagic larvae use a hierarchy of environmental cues to identify a suitable benthic habitat on which to settle and metamorphose into the adult phase of the life cycle. Most larvae are induced to settle by biochemical cues and many species have long been known to preferentially settle in the dark. Combined, these data suggest that larval responses to light and biochemical cues may be linked, but this has yet to be explored at the molecular level. Here, we track the vertical position of larvae of the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica to show that they descend to the benthos at twilight, by which time they are competent to respond to biochemical cues, consistent with them naturally settling in the dark. We use larval settlement assays under three different light regimes, combined with transcriptomics on individual larvae, to identify candidate molecular pathways underlying larval settlement. We find that larvae do not settle in response to biochemical cues if maintained in constant light. Our transcriptome data suggest that constant light actively represses settlement via the sustained up‐regulation of two putative inactivators of chemotransduction in constant light only. Our data suggest that photo‐ and chemosensory systems interact to regulate larval settlement via nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling in this sponge, which belongs to one of the earliest‐branching animal phyla.
Effect of Music Therapy on Pain After Orthopedic Surgery—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Chiao‐Ling , Hwang Shiow‐Li , Jiang Ping , Hsiung Nai‐Huan
Published: December 2019

Background

Although music interventions on postoperative pain (POP) have positive effects, limited research has focused on systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of its efficacy for orthopedic patients. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of music therapy on pain after orthopedic surgery.

Method

The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Nursing Reference Center (NRC), Airiti Library, and National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan were searched up to August 2019. The risk of bias from the Cochrane Handbook for Randomized Controlled Trials of Interventions was used. A standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was applied as a summary effect on postoperative pain and anxiety using RevMan version 5.3. A meta‐analysis was also carried out using subgroup analysis.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials were selected. (1) Music can relieve pain significantly for both music medicine (MM; SMD = −0.41, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.07], P = 0.02) and music therapy (MT; SMD = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.57, 0.04], P = 0.02). (2) Music chosen by the subjects showed significant differences for both MM (P = 0.002) and MT (P = 0.02). (3) Anxiety improved significantly among patients using MT (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.13], P = 0.005). However, the results for the physiologic parameters, opioid requirement, and length of stay showed subtle distinctions.

Conclusion

Music can significantly relieve POP, specifically music chosen by the participants.
Effects of DEP1 on grain yield and grain quality in the background of two japonica rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars
Authors: Wang YuanZheng , Zhang Nan , Chen HongWei , Wang Feng , Huang YuanCai , Jia BaoYan , Wang Shu , Wang Yun , Xu ZhengJin
Published: December 2019

Plant architecture is an accessible approach to achieving high‐yield potential. The DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1) gene regulating panicle morphology, grain number per panicle, and nitrogen uptake and metabolism has been widely used for the breeding of high‐yield rice in northern Chinese japonica varieties. However, there has been no consensus on the genetic effects of dep1 on grain yield and quality under different genetic backgrounds and growing environments. In the present study, we developed two sets of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of DEP1 (AKI‐dep1, AKI‐DEP1, LG5‐dep1 and LG5‐DEP1), each carrying the DEP1 region from either 'Liaogeng5' (LG5) or 'Akitakomachi' (AKI) in the AKI and LG5 backgrounds. Our results demonstrated that AKI‐dep1/LG5‐dep1 exhibited erect panicle and enhanced grain number per panicle, thereby consequently increasing grain yield, whereas they possessed inferior grain appearance compared with AKI‐DEP1/LG5‐DEP1 in the same background. However, the effects of dep1 on grain processing quality and eating and cooking quality varied with the background. These results provide useful information for high‐yield erect panicle rice breeding by marker‐assisted selection.
Donald Trump's discursive field: A juncture of stigma contests over race, gender, religion, and democracy
Authors: Silva Eric O.
Published: December 2019

Donald Trump's election to the U.S. Presidency in 2016 qualifies as one of the more shocking events in American political history. This article reviews the literature on the social construction of Donald Trump's political career. It finds prominent ideological laminations over racism, Islamophobia, nativism, sexism, Christianity, and right‐wing populism in Trump's discursive field. This article argues that Trump's discursive field comprises a juncture of stigma contests over the moral worth of numerous collective identities including men, women, racial minorities, immigrants, Muslims, Christians, and the middle class. Such stigma contests likely exacerbate recognition gaps created by neoliberal policies. This review suggests that scholars should continue to examine the connection between Trump's political career and stigmatization. Moreover, cultural sociologists should ready themselves to track the dialectical response to Trump and to assess the lasting impact on the American normative order.
Populism, Neoliberalism and Agrarian Movements in Europe. Understanding Rural Support for Right‐Wing Politics and Looking for Progressive Solutions
Authors: Mamonova Natalia , Franquesa Jaume
Published: December 2019

Right‐wing populism has gained ground in Europe in recent years, with the greatest support among rural communities. Yet the European countryside remains largely overlooked in debates on the current political crisis and the ways out of it. This article aims to provide keys for understanding the connection between right‐wing populism and the rural world in Europe. Our analysis unfolds around three main ideas. First, we argue that the root cause of the spread of right‐wing populism is the fundamental, multidimensional crisis of globalised neoliberal capitalism, particularly pronounced in Europe’s countryside. Second, we examine what role historical legacies, trajectories of agrarian change, and other national, regional and local specificities play in shaping populist movements in different rural areas in Europe. Finally, we discuss the constraints and possibilities for the emergence of agrarian (populist) movements that may offer progressive alternatives to right‐wing populism in the countryside.
Sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (juvenile cellulitis) in adult dogs: a retrospective analysis of 90 cases (2004–2018)
Authors: Inga Allison , Griffeth Gregory C. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Goldschmidt Kyle H. , Mauldin Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2019

Background

It has long been speculated that sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (SGDL) occurs in adult dogs. However, only three published case reports exist.

Hypothesis/objectives

To describe clinical presentation, identify breed predispositions, and assess treatment and outcomes of adult dogs with the histopathological diagnosis of SGDL.

Animals

Included are 90 dogs with biopsies submitted to a veterinary teaching hospital with a histopathological diagnosis consistent with SGDL, from 2004 to 2018, of which 35 had medical records available for review.

Methods

Data were analysed retrospectively from histopathology submission forms, medical records, surveys and telephone calls. Scoring systems were created to aid statistical analysis of outcomes.

Results

Havanese dog (P < 0.0001), Australian shepherd dog (P < 0.0001), Irish setter (P < 0.0001), Dachshund (P = 0.0002), bichon frise (P = 0.0003) and Maltese dog (P = 0.004) were significantly over‐represented breeds. The median age at onset was 1,292 days (3.54 years). Dogs up to five years of age were significantly over‐represented (P < 0.01). Of 35 dogs with medical records available for review, the median treatment duration was 60 days and the median time to remission 28 days. Remission status was not established for five dogs but the remaining 30 dogs reached remission. Nineteen dogs remained in complete remission. Recrudescence occurred in 11 dogs (median follow‐up 60 days).

Conclusions and clinical importance

This study shows a close parallel in clinical appearance, histopathological results and clinical behaviour, of both adult and juvenile onset SGDL; therefore, SGDL should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs of all ages.
First Principles Study of Interlayer Interaction Effect on Graphene Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Dong Yuan , Zhang Chi , Diao Chenghao , Lin Jian
Published: December 2019

It is known that the interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions will decrease the thermal conductivity of graphene. Single layer graphene (SLG) has the highest thermal conductivities, double layer graphene (DLG) would decrease to about half of the thermal conductivity of SLG. The graphite was measured to have a thermal conductivity of about 2000 W/m-K. Some research shows that graphite differs from SLG within a factor of 2, and DLG has almost the same thermal conductivity with graphite. In theoretical aspect, how to simulate the vdW interaction between graphene layers is a long existing problem. It is only until recently that the vdW interaction is still an active topic in first principle calculations. The popular methods include the Grimme’s DFT-D, vdW-DF and vdW-DFT-R methods. The vdW-DFT-R method was further optimized to increase accuracy by Hamada and was found to predict the most accurate interlayer distance between AB-stacked graphene in our recent study. The motivation of this work is to investigate the effect of vdW interaction on the thermal conductivity of multiple layer graphene from principles. We will calculate firstly the phonon dispersion relations of multiple layer graphene with the vdW interaction included. The obtained phonon properties and force constants will be combined with the ShengBTE method to calculate the thermal conductivity. The results show how vdW interaction causes the dimensional crossover of graphene thermal conductivity.
Ultra-High Speed Vitrification of Prostate Cancer Cells Based on Thin Film Evaporation
Authors: Su Fengmin , Fan Yiming , Xu He , Zhao Nannan , Deng Yangbo , Ji Yulong , Ma Hongbin
Published: December 2019

Thin film evaporation is an efficient phase change heat transfer style, and could achieve ultra-high cooling rate if it was applied for cells vitrification. In this paper, an experimental study for prostate cancer cells vitrification was done. The cells ultra-high speed freezing method was based on thin film evaporation of liquid nitrogen. In order to examine the feasibility of the new method, the comparison experiments, in which the other two generic approaches of cell cryopreservation were used, were done. The methods were respectively the equilibrium freezing method and the open pulled straws vitrification method. At the same time, the influences of the concentration of cryoprotectant on cooling rate and cell survival rate were analyzed. The results showed that the ultra-high speed freezing method based on thin film evaporation can obtain higher cooling rate and better cell survival rate than the other two conventional cryopreservation methods. It preliminarily proved the feasibility of this method applied to the cells vitrification process. In addition, both the cooling rate and the cell survival rate are affected by the concentration of the cryoprotectant in the cell suspension. The cooling rate decreases with the concentration of the cryoprotectant increasing, but cell survival rate increases first and decrease afterwards with the increase of the concentration of the cryoprotectant, in which an optimum value exists. This study will promote the practicality of the new ultra-fast cell freezing method.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Diffusion and Aggregation Behavior of Helium in Tungsten Bulk Materials
Authors: Zhang Jiapei , Li Wei , Yang Zhangcan , He Yingzhao
Published: December 2019

Controlled thermonuclear fusion is a promising project. If it can be realized, it will certainly replace fossil fuels and solve the problem of energy exhaustion facing humanity. The fusion reaction fuel is a light core, which can be extracted from sea water. The source is very rich, and the fusion reaction of hydrogen and its isotopes is not radioactive, so the fusion energy can be efficient, cheap and clean.

At present, the realization of this technology still faces many difficult problems that have not been overcome. The Tokamak device is the most promising device for realizing the controlled thermonuclear fusion. It utilizes a toroidal magnetic field to confine the high temperature plasma. Among them, the choice of plasma-facing materials is the key factor that determines whether or not controlled nuclear fusion can be achieved.

For the time being, tungsten is the preferred plasma-facing material. In the case of fusion, tungsten is exposed to extreme conditions such as high temperature and strong radiation, and a large number of defects are generated inside. In this thesis, the molecular dynamics software LAMMPS was used to study one of the defects, interstitial atoms, and the interaction of helium atoms to understand the diffusion and aggregation behavior of helium and the evolution of defects in tungsten. The following aspects are mainly studied: one is the calculation of the binding energy of an interstitial atom and helium atoms, the other is the study of the interstitial and helium atoms’ space configurations, and the third is comparing trap mutation in defective tungsten materials with trap mutation in tungsten materials without defects, and the fourth is the recording of the displacement of the helium atoms and the interstitial atom at temperature control.

The study found that the presence of the interstitial atom will indeed affect the aggregation and diffusion of helium atoms, which will trap the movement of helium atoms and cause the helium atoms to gather near the interstitial atoms and form small clusters of helium. As the cluster grows larger, trap mutations occur like a defect-free tungsten block.
Numerical Investigation of Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of R134A in Rectangular Minichannel
Authors: Lv Di , Li Wei , Zhang Jingzhi
Published: December 2019

This study numerically investigated the condensation heat transfer and flow characteristics of refrigerants R134a in rectangular minichannels. Three-dimensional simulations were carried out at different mass flux values, vapor qualities and gravity conditions through using the VOF model, the turbulence model and the phase transition model. The effects of various parameters on the surface heat transfer coefficient and the friction pressure gradient is clarified. The condensation process is found to be enhanced due to the increase of vapor quality and mass flow, while the friction pressure gradient decreases with the decrease of vapor quality and mass flow. According to the data obtained from the simulation, the liquid film tends to accumulate along the corner of the cross section in retangular minichannel. And the thickness of liquid film increased with the decrease of mass flux and vapor quality.
Condensation Droplet Distribution Affected by Electrowetting Approach
Authors: Yan Run , Chen Chung-Lung (C. L.)
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a visualization of condensation droplet distribution affected by the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) approach. A single-side double-layer-electrode design (grid wire, thin wire, and thick wire) and coplanar-electrode design (zigzag) are discussed. Side-by-side experiments with applied 40V DC electric potential are carried out to compare droplet distribution between charged and uncharged devices with the identical design. The uncharged devices show a random droplet distribution, whereas charged devices have a regulated distribution based on the designed patterns. As droplets on the electrode boundaries become larger, they are likely to slide away and stay in electrode-free regions. The droplets ‘sit’ inside the grid wires and distribute vertically along thin and thick wires. On the coplanar-electrode zigzag device, droplets cover the electrode gaps and are distributed vertically. The charged surfaces lead to a faster droplet growth rate, resulting in larger droplet size and more dispersed droplet distribution. This phenomenon accelerates droplets’ shedding frequency and frees up more condensing areas for small droplets to nucleate and grow. The first shedding moment of the charged surfaces occurs earlier than the uncharged ones for all types of EWOD devices. The detected droplet shedding diameter ranges from 1.2 mm to 2 mm in this study. The work presented in this paper introduces a novel approach to actively influence droplet distribution on microfabricated condensing surfaces and indicates great potential for improving condensation heat transfer rate via EWOD.
The Start-Up Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe With Communicating Pipe at Different Inclination Angles
Authors: Shang Fu-Min , Fan Shi-Long , Liu Jian-Hong
Published: December 2019

The pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a passive cooling device, which has the advantages of simple structure, high heat transfer performance and low production cost. The complex vapor-liquid phase change occurs in the in the initial stage of PHP. In this work, we explore the start-up performance of PHP at different inclination angles and the experiment shows that start-up performance is respectively different when the angles are 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° and 180°. Since the gravitational auxiliary function, the working fluid in the communicating pipe which takes longer time to vaporize change phase earlier than that in PHP’s loop when the angles are 0° and 45°. Nevertheless, when the angle is 90°, the phase change of working fluid in communicating pipe and in the loop occurs at the same time. Meanwhile, the oscillating mode affects the stability of the starting and heat transfer performance of the PHP.
The Spreading Characteristics and Temperature Evolution of Droplet Impact on Cold Superhydrophilic Surface
Authors: Chun Jiang , Hao Tingting , Chen Yansong , Zheng Yi , Ma Xuehu , Lan Zhong
Published: December 2019

Droplet impact phenomena and thin liquid film flow are widespread in nature, industrial production and daily life. The spreading characteristics and temperature evolution of the liquid film after droplet impact are the key controlling factors in many industrial heat transfer processes. Constructing a thin micro-nano structured superhydrophilic surface on a metal surface is a promising approach to achieving heat transfer enhancement. Therefore, in this paper, we experimentally investigated the hydraulic characteristics and temperature distribution evolution of water droplet impact on cold superhydrophilic surface using high-speed imaging and infrared thermal imaging techniques. During the droplet spreading on superhydrophilic surface, there is an inertial-force-dominant rapid spreading regime followed by the friction-dominant slow spreading regime. It is observed that a precursor film forms in the radial direction. The results show that the droplet spreading diameter is positively correlated with the We number, increasing as the weber number becomes larger. The spreading diameter decreases as the wall temperature decreases, but the effect of temperature is not obvious compared with that of impact weber number. For temperature evolution, a low temperature center area forms at the impact center and a ring-shaped high temperature zone is observed first for droplet impact on cold superhydrophilic surfaces. Along spreading radial direction, the temperature distribution shows an uphill to downhill curve with its gradient inverted in sign near the high temperature zone. Then the high temperature ring disappears and the liquid film temperature shows a monotonically decreasing trend along the radial direction. The duration time of high temperature ring shortens with the increase of We number and decrease of wall temperature. Meanwhile, in order to reveal the reasons for the formation of special temperature distribution, CFD numerical simulation is adopted to analyze the mechanism of ring-shaped high temperature zone’s formation. CFD numerical simulation demonstrates that the temperature evolution law is in good agreement with the experiment results. The temperature distribution of high temperature ring is caused by uneven distribution of the liquid film thickness due to the superwetting properties of superhydrophilic surface. This work is of great significance for further understanding and provides new sights of the liquid film flow on superhydrophilic surface in heat transfer process. Furthermore, it has certain reference significance for the spray and heat transfer process in engineering practice.
Experimental Investigation of Graphene Oxide Nanofluids on Thermal Performance of Heat Pipe
Authors: Zhao Weilin , Xu Jun , Li Jinkai
Published: December 2019

The graphene oxide-deionized water (GO-DW) and graphene oxide-ethylence glycol (GO-EG) nanofluids were synthesized. The better suspension of nanofluids was achieved. The thermal conductivity of both nanofluids was analyzed. It indicates that GO nanoparticles can strengthen the thermal conductivity of DW base fluids by 22.6%–61.7% and EG base fluids by 15.3%–32.8%. Four copper heat pipes charged with GO-DW and GO-EG nanofluids as well as DW and EG base fluids were experimentally researched, it is discovered that the addition of GO nonoparticles in heat pipe can elevate the condenser wall temperature and reduce the temperature difference. Future analysis finds that, with respect to DW and EG fluids heat pipe, the thermal resistances of GO-DW and GO-EG nanofluids heat pipe are respectively decreased 42.6–52.4% and 31.9%–38.4% for air cooling, and 15.5–16.7% and 11.5%–18.9% for water cooling at condenser section. Besides, the wick structure of GO-DW nanofluids heat pipe was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope, and the effective thermal conductivity of fluid-wick combination was evaluated. The outcomes demonstrate that the evaporator wick surface contains about 0375–1.24μm coating film of GO nanoparticles. Assumed the coating film is 0.75μm, the effective thermal conductivity of fluid-wick combination is respectively enhanced by 66.92 % for GO-DW nonofluids heat pipe and 37.32% for GO-EG nonofluids heat pipe at 70 °C.
Fluid Flow and Thin Film Evolution Near the Triple Line of Evaporative Sessile Droplet During Mixing Process
Authors: Ma Tengxiao , Zhou Leping
Published: December 2019

Evaporation of a sessile droplet containing nanoparticles plays a crucial role in engineering. However, the internal flow of an evaporative droplet may be influenced by various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of fluid flow, especially the evolution of thin liquid film near the triple line of an evaporating droplet. This paper describes an experimental study of fluid flow and thin film evolution near the triple line of a sessile droplet when it was mixed with another droplet of different size. The temporal and spatial evolution of thickness in the thin film near the triple line is obtained by using the sub-region method developed from the total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The experimental results show that the spatial variation of the local film thickness can be linear or oscillating depending on the mixing position of the droplets. When the mixing position is at the droplet apex, the film thickness near the triple line fluctuates drastically in an oscillating mode, indicating that the mixing of the small droplet causes a strong disturbance in the thin film region. By using the velocimetry technique, the distribution of near wall velocity in the sessile droplet during mixing process is obtained, which provides the basis for velocimetry near the triple line. This work helps to gain insight of the thin film evolution and the velocity field near the triple line on the mixing processes of droplets.
Predicting Multi-Order Magnetic Polaritons Resonance in SiC Slit Arrays by Improved LC Circuit Model
Authors: Guo Yanming , Shuai Yong
Published: December 2019

Magnetic polariton (MP) that couples electromagnetic waves with magnetic excitation can be predicted by equivalent inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit model. However, when the resonance frequencies of MP and surface phonon polariton (SPhP) is close, the absorption peak predicted by the previous LC circuit model are far different from solving electromagnetic field calculation results. Absorption enhancement with a SiC slit array is theoretically demonstrated within the SiC phonon absorption band with Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The electromagnetic field distributions confirm the interactions between SPhP and MP. Taking the effects of interactions between MP and SPhP into account, the improved LC circuit model is employed to predict MP1 resonance condition and the method for predicting the multi-order MP resonance conditions is given. This study may contribute to the oriented design of thermal radiative properties and micro/nanostructures metamaterials thermal radiative properties database building.
Uni-Leg Thermoelectric Module Comprised by Coated Hybrid-Perovskite Thin Film
Authors: Saini Shrikant , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Yabuki Tomohide , Hayase Shuzi , Miyazaki Koji
Published: December 2019

Thermoelectric materials can convert thermal energy into electrical energy without any moving part which leads its path of application to the era of printed and flexible electronics. CsSnI3 perovskite can be a promising thermoelectric material for the next-generation energy conversion due to its intrinsic ultra-low thermal conductivity and large Seebeck coefficient but enhancement of electrical conductivity is still required. CsSnI3 can be prepared by wet process which can reduce the cost of flexible thermoelectric module.

In this work, CsSnI3 thin films were fabricated by spin coating wet process. Thin films were structurally and chemically characterized using XRD and SEM. Thermoelectric properties such as electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were measured at 300 K. Uni-leg thermoelectric modules were fabricated on a glass substrate using CsSnI3 thin films. The maximum output is about 0.8 nW for 5 legs (25 mm × 3 mm × 600 nm) modules for the temperature difference of about 5°C. These results will open a new pathway to thermoelectric modules for flexible electronics in spite of low output power.
Experiment of Enhanced Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Coupling Effects of Nano-Structure and Synergistic Micro-Channel
Authors: Gao Linsong , Lv Jizu , Bai Minli , Hu Chengzhi , Du Liqun , Li Yubai
Published: December 2019

The manipulation of micro- or nano-structure is a promising method to improve pool boiling heat transfer performance. However, most studies just focus on the micro- or nano-structure without considering the combination micro- and nano-structure. In this paper, we fabricated synergistic microchannel, nano-structure, and micro-nano structure surface on the nickel by different technologies. Pool boiling of DI water under saturated condition was experimentally investigated. Result shows at the wall superheat of 18 K, the heat transfer coefficient of micro-nano structure, nano-structure and synergistic micro-channel surface are 16400, 13050, and 13400 W/m2 K higher 89%, 50%, and 54% than that of smooth surface, respectively. The improved heat transfer is attributed to active nucleation sites and capillary flow.
Temperature Distribution and Thermal Dosage Affected by Nanoparticle Distribution in Tumours During Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Gu Qimei , Ma Ronghui , Zhu Liang
Published: December 2019

Recent microCT imaging study has demonstrated that local heating caused a much larger nanoparticle distribution volume in tumors than that in tumors without localized heating, suggesting possible nanoparticle redistribution/migration during heating. In this study, a theoretical simulation is performed to evaluate to what extent the nanoparticle redistribution affects the temperature elevations and thermal dosage required to cause permanent thermal damage to PC3 tumors. Two tumor groups with similar sizes are selected. The control group consists of five PC3 tumors with nanoparticles distribution without heating, while the experimental group consists of another five resected PC3 tumors with nanoparticles distribution obtained after 25 minutes of local heating. Each generated tumor model is attached to a mouse body model by microCT scans. A previously determined relationship between the nanoparticle concentration distribution and the volumetric heat generation rate is implemented in the theoretical simulation of temperature elevations during magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. Our simulation results show that the average steady state temperature elevation in the tumors of the control group is higher than that in the experimental group when the nanoparticles are more spreading from the tumor center to tumor periphery (control group: 64.03±3.2°C vs. experimental group: 62.04±3.07°C). Further we assess the thermal dosage needed to cause 100% permanent thermal damage (Arrhenius integral Ω = 4) to the entire tumor, based on the assumption of unchanged nanoparticle distribution during heating. The average heating time based on the experimental setting from our previous studies demonstrates significantly different designs. Specifically, the average heating time for the control group is 24.3 minutes. However, the more spreading of nanoparticles to tumor periphery in the experimental group results in a much longer heating time of 38.1 minutes, 57° longer than that in the control group, to induce permanent thermal damage to the entire tumor. The results from this study suggest that the heating time needed when considering dynamic nanoparticle migration during heating is probably between 24 to 38 minutes. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the importance of including dynamic nanoparticle spreading during heating into theoretical simulation of temperature elevations in tumors to determine accurate thermal dosage needed in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia design.
Discussion Paper: Improving the participation of students in health professional education research
Authors: Thomas Josephine , Kumar Koshila , Chur-Hansen Anna
Published: December 2019

Health professional education (HPE) has grown as a field of research, with an increasing number of publications since the 1990s. Interprofessional education is a specific area of growth with ongoing debate in the literature, at least in part due to the challenges that exist in implementation, and further research is needed to inform ongoing practice. Participant recruitment is a major challenge, and poor participation rates lead to bias and a failure to demonstrate outcomes. There is a lack of information about why students decline to participate in research to inform and improve education. Motivation for volunteerism in other contexts and recruitment of human participants in other types of research are examined as a way to understand the likely motivations of student participants. Disincentives to participate include time commitment, survey fatigue and a poor understanding of the value of HPE research and the processes involved. The ethical considerations for teacher-researchers add another layer of complexity to recruitment. A multifaceted approach, involving all stakeholders and targeting known influences, is needed to improve recruitment in health professional education research, and clear communication of the research rationale and its potential impact on curriculum design is essential. Explicit communication and adequate information to allow informed student choice are also required, while improved literacy in HPE research may provide students with a better basis for decision making when considering participation. In addition, partnership and student co-design could be a mechanism for more meaningful engagement.
Dialogical narrative approach to enhance critical thinking and student engagement during lecturebased classes
Authors: Ghiam Benjamin Kambiz , Loftus Stephen , Kamel-ElSayed Suzan
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The dialogical narrative (DN) approach is an interactive teaching method designed and applied to the teaching of physiology to medical students. It uses an interactive conversational style within a narrative design. This study sought to answer the question “How do medical students perceive the effectiveness of the DN approach in promoting participation, engaged learning and critical thinking?” Methods: Physiological subject matter was presented to a class of second-year medical students in a manner that combined storytelling and a question–answer conversational style. Soon after, two focus group sessions, each with seven participants, were conducted to determine the students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the approach. Recordings from focus group sessions were transcribed and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis, informed by narrative inquiry and dialogism. Results: Analysis revealed that students felt the DN approach: encouraged critical thinking, was more engaging and conducive to active participation than traditional didactic lectures and provided a narrative flow and logical progression of material. The approach challenged students who were not used to public speaking and encouraged students to be well prepared. The teacher needed to upskill in managing the approach and asking the right questions. Conclusions: The students were divided between those who feel comfortable with active, open dialogue in the class and those who do not, but most believed the interactions fostered skills that are important. Most students preferred the DN approach over traditional lectures. The great strength of the DN approach is the manner in which it integrates practical teaching measures within a sound theoretical framework.
Take-home laparoscopic simulators to develop surgical skills: Analysing attitudes to, and barriers and enablers of, their use in gynaecology training
Authors: Wilson Erin , Jolly Brian , Beckmann Michael , Janssens Sarah , Hewett David , Wilkinson Shelley
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Providing specialty trainees with take-home laparoscopic simulators may overcome known barriers to simulation-based surgical training such as limited time and access to equipment; however, programs utilising these simulators have reported suboptimal engagement from trainees. The purpose of this study was to understand factors influencing the use of take-home laparoscopic simulators and make suggestions to optimise engagement in future programs. Methods: We interviewed 10 of the 16 gynaecology trainees who participated in a take-home laparoscopic box trainer simulation program. Interview transcripts were analysed and themes sorted using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Articulation of these domains with the Behaviour Change Wheel directed the formulation of targeted interventions. Results: Trainees had positive attitudes towards simulation training; however, they experienced numerous under-recognised barriers to training. Trainees found their professional role, duties and competing life priorities limited time for training. Trainees experienced feelings of inertia and did not train as much as they anticipated. They were disengaged from training by a lack of real operating, a perceived poor relationship between training tasks and surgery and difficulties with equipment set-up. Self-directed practice, goal setting, task deadlines, perceived supervision, a recognition of personal skill development and an understanding of the need for simulation enabled training. Interventions were proposed to address the barriers to training.Conclusions: Trainee attitudes towards simulation and take-home trainers were positive, yet numerous barriers prevented them from training. Following a theory-driven process, we were able to devise targeted, evidence-based interventions, which may be incorporated into future versions of the program.
Fifteen-minute consultation: Epilepsy in the child with intellectual disabilities—aetiology
Authors: Crozier Denise , Martin Katherine
Published: December 2019

Epilepsies are a relatively common group of disorders affecting children and young people. Children with intellectual disabilities have an increased risk of developing an epilepsy, and children with epilepsy are more likely to have difficulties with learning or development than those who do not have an epilepsy. Assessment in this group can be more challenging but is particularly important as it may provide information regarding a potential unifying diagnosis, prognosis and best treatment options.
MRI of posterior eye shape and its associations with myopia and ethnicity
Authors: Lim Laurence Shen , Matsumura Saiko , Htoon Hla Myint , Tian James , Lim Shin Bin , Sensaki Sonoko , Chen Christopher , Hilal Saima , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching Yu , Kuo Anthony , Saw Seang Mei
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To evaluate posterior eye shape variations across a wide refractive error range using brain MRI in a multiethnic cohort.

Methods

Adult subjects in the multiethnic Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study were included. Spherical equivalent (SE) was measured using subjective refraction, and axial length (AL) was measured using optical biometry. MRI was performed using a 3-Tesla whole body scanner with a 32-channel head coil. The radii and asphericity based on fitting of the posterior two-thirds of the eye (240°) were calculated. The refractive error status was categorised as myopic (SE<−0.5 D) or non-myopic (SE≥−0.5 D).

Results

A total of 450 adult participants (mean age 64.2±6.5 years old) were included. Less oblate asphericity was associated with more myopic SE, longer AL and with a refractive error categorisation of myopia (p<0.001 for all). Asphericity values were less oblate in myopic compared with non-myopic eyes (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that Chinese subjects had less oblate eyes than Malay and Indian subjects, especially in non-myopic eyes.

Conclusions

A less oblate posterior eye shape was associated with myopic eyes. Chinese eyes have less oblate shapes than Malay and Indian eyes, especially in non-myopic eyes.