bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM MODEL FOR STANDARD SITUATIONS USING INTELLECTUAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Antonov V.V. , Konev K.A. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Kulikov G.G. ,   JSC “Ufa Scientific and Production Enterprise “Molniya” of the Holding “Tekhnodinamika”,  Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the issues of improving the efficiency of decision support activities on a relatively large amount of information. The research relevance is associated with the increasing complexity of control objects, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of decision-making based on the personal experience of decision-makers, up to complete impossibility. The purpose of the ar-ticle is to analyze the problems faced by decision-makers and the creation of methods to improve the effectiveness of decision-making in typical situations. The article examines the main compo-nents of the intelligent subsystem of the decision support system, which require the use of analytical tools, and also forms the methods interaction structure necessary for the effective formation of sce-narios of information support for decision making. To achieve the goals, a decision support method based on an intelligent component was used, which is aimed at creating an effective infrastructure to sup-port decision-making; methods of identification and categorization, designed to implement the most accurate and correct comparison of the characteristics (state) of the observed situation and the characteristics of a typical situation stored in the knowledge base; correlation methods aimed at finding dependencies between the characteristics of situations and scenarios to solve problems associated with these situa-tions; a method for constructing subject qualimetry, used to form a predictive model to assess the degree of compliance of the selected scenario for solving the current situation. As a result, it was de-termined that an important aspect of decision-making in typical situations is the most accurate identification of the state of the situation, the choice of the best scenario for implementing the solu-tion for this situation and the analysis of the consequences of the selected set of measures. To solve these problems, a method for identifying a situation, a method for finding solution scenarios and a qualimetric method for predicting the effectiveness of the selected scenario have been formed. The article concludes that decision-making activities based on the accumulated experience can be im-proved by using the proposed methods and implementing a decision support system with an intelli-gent component.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF THE ARIMA MODEL ON THE QUALITY OF THE FORECAST FOR SHORT DATA SETS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Berezniki Branch, Berezniki, Russian Federation, Fel’ker M.N. , Chesnov V.V.
Published: August 2021

Time series, i.e. data collected at various times. The data collection segments may differ de-pending on the task. Time series are used for decision making. Time series analysis allows you to get some result that will determine the format of the decision. Time series analysis was carried out in very ancient times, for example, various calendars became a consequence of the analysis. Later, time series analysis was applied to study and forecast economic, social and other systems. Time se-ries appeared a long time ago. Once upon a time, ancient Babylonian astronomers, studying the po-sition of the stars, discovered the frequency of eclipses, which allowed them to predict their appearance in the future. Later, the analysis of time series, in a similar way, led to the creation of various calen-dars, for example, harvest calendars. In the future, in addition to natural areas, social and economic ones were added. Aim. Search for classification patterns of time series, allowing to understand whether it is possible to apply the ARIMA model for their short-term (3 counts) forecast. Materials and methods. Special software with ARIMA implementation and all need services is made. We examined 59 data sets with a short length and step equal a year, less than 20 values in the paper. The data was processed using Python libraries: Statsmodels and Pandas. The Dickey – Fuller test was used to de-termine the stationarity of the series. The stationarity of the time series allows for better forecasting. The Akaike information criterion was used to select the best model. Recommendations for a rea-sonable selection of parameters for adjusting ARIMA models are obtained. The dependence of the settings on the category of annual data set is shown. Conclusion. After processing the data, four categories (patterns) of year data sets were identified. Depending on the category ranges of parame-ters were selected for tuning ARIMA models. The suggested ranges will allow to determine the starting parameters for exploring similar datasets. Recommendations for improving the quality of post-forecast and forecast using the ARIMA model by adjusting the settings are given.
A MODEL FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PROCESS
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Perevalova O.S. , Barkalov S.A. , Kalinina N.Yu. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Batrakova D.N.
Published: August 2021

The article considers some aspects of the mentoring process management, namely incentives for mentors. To that end, we consider in detail a model for staff training evaluation, which takes place in the form of mentoring, one of the most popular forms of on-the-job training. The aim of the present study is to develop an effective incentive model for mentors, which aims to improve the effectiveness of their performance management, as this model involves not only the establishment of an effective system of allowances and additional payments to mentors, but also an evaluation system of duties performed by staff. Materials and methods. It is planned to assess the training in the following areas: corporate competencies; professional competencies and implementation of an established plan. For this purpose it is proposed to use the “360 degrees” method, direct inspection and other methods of collecting information depending on the measured indicators. Following the evaluation process it is expected to obtain a comprehensive mentoring assessment, which can be used to adjust the mentoring procedure, a comprehensive assessment of a student, which demon-strates learning outcomes as well as a comprehensive assessment of a mentor, which could be used to create an incentive model for mentors. In order to develop an effective mentoring system it is proposed to make the size of mentoring allowance dynamic, i.e. directly dependent on the results of mentoring – comprehensive assessment of a mentor. It is proposed to build a comprehensive as-sessment of mentoring procedure by means of additive convolution of criteria. Results. Therefore, the essence of mentor bonus dynamism strategy includes the following aspects. First, the mentor will receive a fixed compensatory bonus for the entire mentoring period. Second, the mentor will receive an incentive bonus. It is proposed to determine the amount of the bonus as a percentage of the mentor's salary calculated as a multifaceted evaluation of the mentoring process that will directly depend on the mentor's contribution to the mentoring process. Conclusion. It is expected that the implementation of the proposed model in the practice of mentoring procedure management will in-crease its effectiveness and reduce the formality, which we see in practice today.
INVESTIGATION OF PARAMETERS OF THE PROBLEM OF SPLINE APPROXIMATION OF NOISY DATA BY NUMERICAL METHODS OF OPTIMAL CONTROL
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Bolodurina I.P. , Grishina L.S. , Antsiferova L.M.
Published: August 2021

Currently, the problems of distortion of measurement data by noise and the appearance of un-certainties in quality criteria have caused increased interest in research in the field of spline approx-imation. At the same time, existing methods of minimizing empirical risk, assuming that the noise is a uniform distribution with heavier tails than Gaussian, limit the scope of application of these studies. The problem of estimating noise-distorted data is usually based on solving an optimi-zation problem with a function containing uncertainty arising from the problem of finding optimal parameters. In this regard, the estimation of distorted noise cannot be solved by classical methods. Aim. This study is aimed at solving and analyzing the problem of spline approximation of data under uncertainty conditions based on the parametrization of control and the gradient projec-tion algorithm. Methods. The study of the problem of spline approximation of noisy data is carried out by the method of approximation of the piecewise constant control function. In this case, para-metrization of the control is possible only for a finite number of break points of the first kind. In the framework of the experimental study, the gradient projection algorithm is used for the numerical solution of the spline approximation problem. The proposed methods are used to study the parameters of the problem of spline approximation of data under conditions of uncertain-ty. Results. The numerical study of the control parametrization approach and the gradient projec-tion algorithm is based on the developed software and algorithmic tool for solving the problem of the spline approximation model under uncertainty. To evaluate the noise-distorted data, numerical experiments were conducted to study the model parameters and it was found that increasing the value of the parameter α leads to an increase in accuracy, but a loss of smoothness. In addition, the analysis showed that the considered distribution laws did not change the accuracy and convergence rate of the algorithm. Conclusion. The proposed approach for solving the problem of spline approx-imation under uncertainty conditions allows us to determine the problems of distortion of measure-ment data by noise and the appearance of uncertainties in the quality criteria. The study of the model parameters showed that the constructed system is stable to the error of the initial approxima-tion, and the distribution laws do not significantly affect the accuracy and convergence of the gra-dient projection method.
Solving Multi-Objective Energy Management of a DC Microgrid using Multi-Objective Multiverse Optimization
Authors: Lagouir Marouane , Badri Abdelmajid , Sayouti Yassine
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the multi-objective optimization dispatch (MOOD) problem in a DC microgrid. The aim is to formulate the MOOD to simultaneously minimize the operating cost, pollutant emission level of (NOx, SO2 and CO2) and the power loss of conversion devices.  Taking into account the equality and inequality constraints of the system. Two approaches have been adopted to solve the MOOD issue. The scalarization approach is first introduced, which combines the weighted sum method with price penalty factor to aggregate objective functions and obtain Pareto optimal solutions. Whilst, the Pareto approach is based on the implementation of evolutionary multi-objective optimization solution. Single and multi-objective versions of multi-verse optimizer algorithm are, respectively, employed in both approaches to handle the MOOD. For each time step, a fuzzy set theory is selected to find the best compromise solution in the Pareto optimal set. The simulation results reveal that the Pareto approach achieves the best performances with a considerable decrease of 28.96 $/day in the daily operating cost, a slight reduction in the power loss of conversion devices from 419.79 kWh to 419.29 kWh, and in less computational time. While, it is noticing a small increment in the pollutant emission level from 11.54 kg/day to 12.21 kg/day, for the daily microgrid operation. This deviation can be fully covered when comparing the cost related to the treatment of these pollutants, which is only 5.55 $/day, to the significant reduction in the operating cost obtained using the Pareto approach.
Reifegradmodell für Industrial Augmented Reality
Authors: Buchholz Kai , Lehmann Lukas , Czarski Marvin
Published: August 2021

Das Potenzial von Augmented Reality in der Automobilindustrie zu heben bedarf einer projektübergreifenden Implementierung der Technologie. Zur Bewertung des entsprechenden Reifegrades einzelner Bereiche wurde anhand einer umfassenden Literaturanalyse und verschiedener Fokusgruppen ein Reifegradmodell entwickelt und detailliert. Zur besseren Anwendbarkeit wurde dieses als Tool programmiert, erprobt und angepasst.
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung in der Produktion
Authors: Petry Michelle , Köhler Christian , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2021

Nachhaltigkeitsanalysen von Produktionssystemen betrachten diverse interdisziplinäre Einflüsse aus Ökonomie, Umwelt, Qualität und Sozialem. Häufig werden jedoch einzelne Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte beachtet und nicht das Gesamtsystem. Dessen Potenziale und Risiken bleiben so unentdeckt. Mithilfe der dynamischen Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse ist es möglich, eine Entscheidungsassistenz zu entwickeln, welche die relevanten Faktoren der Nachhaltigkeit vereint betrachtet und operative Interaktionen sichtbar macht.
Förderung des Commitments von Fachkräften in der Produktion
Authors: Korder Svenja , Frühe Kathrin , Vernim Susanne
Published: August 2021

Gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen wie der demografische Wandel verbunden mit einem Fachkräftemangel sowie ein Wertewandel, der insbesondere bei jüngeren Generationen zum häufigeren Wechsel des Arbeitgebers führt, steigern die Bedeutung von Maßnahmen zur Personalbindung in Unternehmen. Bisherige Maßnahmen sind jedoch branchenunabhängig und nicht auf die besonderen Anforderungen der Produktionsarbeit ausgerichtet. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Vorgehen zur Bewertung commitment-förderlicher Maßnahmen auf ihre Eignung zur Anwendung bei Fachkräften in der Produktion vorgestellt.
Entwicklung von Leichtbau-Schmiedezangen
Authors: Schellenberg David , Kriwall Mareile , Stonis Malte , Behrens Bernd-Arno
Published: August 2021

Die manuelle Handhabung von Schmiedeteilen ist für Schmiedemitarbeiter körperlich stark belastend. Diese körperlichen Belastungen spiegeln sich in Schädigungen des Hand-Arm-Systems und Rückens wider und führen zum Ausfall der Schmiedemitarbeiter. Um die Gesundheit der Schmiedemitarbeiter zu schonen, ist das Ziel die Grundbelastung durch das Eigengewicht der Schmiedezange durch Leichtbau-Schmiedezangen zu verringern.
Validity of 2 Fall Prevention Strategy Scales for People With Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gervasoni Elisa , Beghi Ettore , Corrini Chiara , Parelli Riccardo , Bianchi Elisa , Mestanza Mattos Fabiola Giovanna , Jonsdottir Johanna , Montesano Angelo , Cattaneo Davide
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:

Falls are a common and persistent concern among people with neurological disorders (PwND), as they frequently result in mobility deficits and may lead to loss of functional independence. This study investigated the ceiling and floor effects, internal consistency, and convergent validity of 2 patient-reported fall prevention strategy scales in PwND.

Methods:

This is a prospective cohort study. Two-hundred and ninety-nine PwND (111 people with multiple sclerosis, 94 people with Parkinson's disease, and 94 people with stroke) were seen for rehabilitation and assessed. The number of retrospective and prospective falls, use of walking assistive devices, scores on the Fall Prevention Strategy Survey (FPSS), Falls Behavioural Scale (FaB), and balance and mobility scales (Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, Timed Up and Go, 10-m walking test, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence) were analyzed.

Results:

Total score distributions showed negligible ceiling and floor effects for both the FPSS (ceiling: 0.3%, floor: 0.3%) and the FaB (ceiling: 0%, floor: 0%). The Cronbach α (CI) was of 0.87 (0.85-0.89) for the FPSS and 0.86 (0.84-0.88) for the FaB. In terms of convergent validity, the FPSS and FaB were moderately correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.65). Moreover, the correlations between the FPSS and FaB and balance and mobility scales ranged from 0.25 to 0.49 (P < .01). Both scales are slightly better able to distinguish between retrospective fallers/nonfallers [area under the curve, AUC (95% CI): FPSS: 0.61 (0.5-0.7); FaB: 0.60 (0.5-0.6)] compared with prospective fallers/nonfallers [AUC (95% CI): FPSS: 0.56 (0.4-0.6); FaB: 0.57 (0.4-0.6)]. Both scales accurately identified individuals who typically required the use of a walking assistive device for daily ambulation [AUC (95% CI): FPSS: 0.74 (0.7-0.8); FaB: 0.69 (0.6-0.7)]. Multiple regression analysis showed that previous falls, use of an assistive device, and balance confidence significantly predicted participants' prevention strategies (FPSS: R
2 = 0.31, F
(8,159) = 10.5, P < .01; FaB: R
2 = 0.31, F
(8,164) = 10.89, P < .01).

Conclusion:

The FPSS and the FaB appear to be valid tools to assess fall prevention strategies in people with neurological disorders. Both scales provide unique and added value in providing information on individual behavior for fall prevention.
Processing of biomethane for electricity production as a sustainable way to treat municipal organic solid waste: A case study of the Corumbataí river basin region
Authors: Luz Fernanda Giffoni Fernandes , Hájek Miroslav , Rozenský Ladislav , Alves de Castro Marcus César Avezum
Published: August 2021

This study proposed action scenarios for urban solid waste management in six municipalities in the Corumbataí River Basin. The operating scenarios were designed for organic waste treatment and for the shared disposal of urban solid waste. Six municipalities were studied, five of which had less than 30,000 inhabitants (Analândia, Charqueada, Corumbataí, Ipeúna, and Santa Gertrudes). In addition, Rio Claro had 199,000 inhabitants. Thus, the transport and transshipment stages, general infrastructure, and final disposal in landfills were analyzed. Further, the three scenarios for organic waste treatment were conducted separately. The items and the cost of implementation were estimated for decentralized composting, centralized composting, and biomethanization of waste with electricity recovery. The biomethanization scenario included the commercialization of electricity, so it generated revenues that decreased costs. This cost reduction was especially notable in the last years of the project when the goals of diversion of organic waste through selective collection were higher. The results suggested that the investigated scenarios could improve organic waste treatment and that the biomethanization scenario with electricity generation presented lower average costs per inhabitant than the centralized and decentralized composting scenarios.
Characterizing the impact of underwater glider observations on the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) in the Gulf Stream Region
Authors:   , Kausch Kyle R.
Published: August 2021

As the western boundary current of the North Atlantic, the Gulf Stream is a well established area of interest for the United States Navy, predominately due to its proximity to the continental shelf and the associated challenges of acoustic propagation across large property gradients. Autonomous underwater gliders conduct routine, high-resolution surveys along the U.S. East Coast, including within the Gulf Stream. These observations are assimilated into the operational Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). An investigation of the forecast-to-nowcast changes in the model for 2017 demonstrates the impact of the observations on the model. The magnitude of model change as a function of distance from nearest new observation reveals relatively large impact of glider observations within a radius of 𝒪(100) km. Glider observations are associated with larger local impact than Argo data, likely due to glider sampling focusing on large spatial gradients. Due to the advective nature of the Gulf Stream system, the impact of glider observations in the model is anisotropic with larger impacts extending downstream from observation locations. Forecast-to-nowcast changes in modeled temperature, salinity, and density result in improved agreement between observed and modeled ocean structure within the upper 200 m over the 24 hours between successive model runs.
Encontros nas quadras de grama: as mulheres e o tênis no Brasil do século XIX
Authors: Melo Victor Andrade de
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Considerando que, no cenário internacional, as iniciativas organizadas ao redor do tênis sempre foram marcadas por contar com o intenso envolvimento de mulheres, este artigo objetiva discutir a participação feminina nas primeiras experiências da modalidade estruturadas no Brasil, especificamente as promovidas nas duas décadas finais do século XIX, em cidades nas quais havia ativa presença de britânicos. Como fontes, fez-se uso de periódicos, notadamente do The Rio News. Mais do que refletir sobre a formação de uma cultura esportiva, o intuito é lançar um olhar sobre o aumento da visibilidade feminina na sociedade brasileira. Argumenta-se que a prática do tênis foi uma estratégia de subjetivação que se articulou com o processo de distensão das considerações acerca do papel social das mulheres.
Transmasculinidades no esporte: entre corpos e práticas dissonantes
Authors: Silvestrin Julian Pegoraro , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Abordamos neste artigo as práticas esportivas como formas de subjetivação transmasculina. Partimos da emergência de times de futebol e futsal compostos apenas por homens trans e transmasculinos, a presença de pessoas transmasculinas em um time de rúgbi inclusivo às diversidades sexuais e de gênero, e do encontro com um praticante de duátlon. Através de pesquisa de campo na cidade de São Paulo (2019-2020), que incluiu observação participante e realização de entrevistas, percebemos que as equipes trans e LGBTI+ se configuram como espaço de sociabilidade, mas também de questionamento e construção de masculinidades dissidentes. Os corpos e corporalidades transmasculinas nos esportes apontam para as práticas esportivas dissonantes.
O adoecimento crônico e o tratamento pelo olhar do adolescente: considerações com base em uma história de vida
Authors: Lino Thaís Breternitz , Jacob Luana Ramalho , Galheigo Sandra Maria
Published: August 2021

Resumo Introdução As doenças crônicas têm aumentado mundialmente, exigindo cada vez mais a compreensão de sua complexidade e das particularidades dos ciclos da vida. O adoecimento crônico na adolescência, por sua vez, apresenta desafios diante das questões próprias desta fase da vida. Objetivo Conhecer como um adolescente compreende o processo de adoecimento e hospitalização ao longo de sua trajetória de vida e de que maneira o adoecimento perpassa seu cotidiano. Método Foi realizado estudo exploratório, descritivo e reflexivo, por meio de história oral. A coleta se deu por meio de uma entrevista com um adolescente diagnosticado com anemia falciforme desde sua infância. Após a coleta da história oral, foram realizadas as fases de transcrição, textualização, transcriação e validação com o participante e, por fim, de análise temática da história. Resultados O estudo identificou três categorias temáticas principais: a experiência de crescer com o adoecimento; impactos do adoecimento no cotidiano e a relação com a família perpassada pela doença crônica. Os resultados revelaram a experiência de um jovem diante de uma vida perpassada pelo adoecimento crônico e as estratégias de vida que utiliza para produção de sentido, o enfrentamento dos desafios trazidos pelas demandas de cuidado permanente e os conflitos próprios da adolescência. Conclusão Mesmo que os resultados sejam singulares, a história de Marvel representa de vários modos a vivência de adolescentes com doença crônica, possibilitando compreender os impactos do viver como adoecimento crônico e com as necessidades de cuidado e restrições impostas pela doença.
Atividades socioculturais como interface de bem-estar emocional e de prevenção da transmissão da Covid-19 em estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas
Authors: Sousa Jenny Gil
Published: August 2021

Em Portugal, cerca de 40% das mortes por Covid-19 aconteceram em instituições para idosos, passando a exigir delas práticas institucionais de isolamento social, com graves repercussões na Saúde Mental dos residentes. Com esta pesquisa, qualitativa e exploratória, pretendeu-se perceber se, em período de pandemia, a realização de atividades socioculturais, por meio da animação de idosos, pode funcionar como interface do bem-estar emocional dos residentes e da prevenção da transmissão da Covid-19, segundo os técnicos que desempenham o papel de animadores. São, assim, apresentados os resultados obtidos com base na análise de conteúdo da entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a 16 profissionais que trabalham em estruturas residenciais para idosos, de norte a sul de Portugal Continental, tendo os dados evidenciado que a realização de atividades socioculturais surge como elemento determinante de bem-estar e de qualidade de vida daqueles que vivem nas instituições.
Profissionais de saúde frente a homens jovens que buscam profilaxia pós-exposição sexual ao HIV (PEPSexual): desafios para o cuidado
Authors: Massa Viviane Coutinho , Grangeiro Alexandre , Couto Marcia Thereza
Published: August 2021

A profilaxia pós-exposição sexual (PEPSexual), estratégia biomédica de prevenção ao HIV/Aids, foi implantada no Brasil em 2010. Considerando que os homens jovens constituem uma população com importante vulnerabilidade ao HIV, o estudo aborda as percepções de profissionais de saúde sobre comportamento sexual e a gestão de risco neste segmento, no contexto da busca e do uso da PEPSexual. A pesquisa foi realizada com abordagem qualitativa e segundo os referenciais conceituais de cuidado em saúde, masculinidades e juventudes. Participaram 19 profissionais de saúde, de cinco serviços especializados de cinco cidades brasileiras (São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Curitiba, Porto Alegre e Fortaleza). Observa-se a centralidade de julgamentos e tentativas de controle da sexualidade dos jovens, baseadas no estereótipo da noção de desvio, o que gera impacto negativo na relação profissional-usuário e, consequentemente, apresenta-se como importante barreira tecnológica para o cuidado em saúde.
Have pandemic-induced declines in home listings fueled house price growth?
Authors: Bhutta Neil , Raajkumar Adithya , van Straelen Eileen
Published: August 2021

New homes listed for sale fell sharply at the beginning of the pandemic. Anecdotal evidence suggests that fear of COVID made homeowners reluctant to list their homes, driving down new listings. Figure 1 shows that from March to April 2020, as COVID lockdowns went into effect, new listings declined by more than one-third relative to previous years and did not return to normal levels until July 2020.
Sharing Asymmetric Tail Risk: Smoothing, Asset Prices and Terms of Trade
Authors: Corsetti Giancarlo , Lipinska Anna , Lombardo Giovanni
Published: August 2021

Crises and tail events have asymmetric effects across borders, raising the value of arrangements improving insurance of macroeconomic risk. Using a two-country DSGE model, we provide an analytical and quantitative analysis of the channels through which countries gain from sharing (tail) risk. Riskier countries gain in smoother consumption but lose in relative wealth and average consumption. Safer countries benefit from higher wealth and better average terms of trade. Calibrated using the empirical distribution of moments of GDP-growth across countries, the model suggests non-negligible quantitative effects. We offer an algorithm for the correct solution of the equilibrium using DSGE models under complete markets, at higher order of approximation.
Editorial
Authors: Graf Roy E.
Published: August 2021

Editorial
Hasel, Frank M., ed. Biblical Hermeneutics: An Adventist Approach
Authors: Iparraguirre Joel
Published: August 2021

Recensiones
Математическая модель и алгоритм решения задачи маршрутизации транспортных средств с несколькими центрами с чередованием и единым местом сбора
Authors: Медведев Сергей Николаевич
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается постановка задачи маршрутизации транспорта с несколькими центрами с чередованием и единым местом сбора. Для нее выделяются ключевые условия, которые отражают суть задачи и основные ограничения. С учетом этих условий представлена математическая модель задачи на основе специальным образом введенных булевых переменных, отвечающих за мини-маршрут. Также выделяются избыточные ограничения, которые могут следовать из постановки, но уже учтены в других ограничениях задачи. Для предложенной математической модели представлены теоремы об эквивалентных преобразованиях, которые необходимы для вычисления оценок множеств в ходе работы алгоритма. С использованием данных теорем строится точный алгоритм решения задачи на основе метода ветвей и границ. Представлено подробное описание шагов алгоритма. В завершении представлены результаты вычислительного эксперимента и их анализ. На основании полученных результатов можно сделать вывод об оптимальности найденных алгоритмом решений. Другой вывод заключается в необходимости доработки методики подсчета оценок множеств. Основными результатами исследования являются математическая модель и точный алгоритм решения задачи.
Метод смешанного оценивания параметров линейной регрессии: особенности применения
Authors: Носков Сергей Иванович
Published: August 2021

Работа основана на предложенном ранее автором методе смешанного оценивания неизвестных параметров линейного регрессионного уравнения. Этот метод предполагает одновременную минимизацию разных функций потерь на разных участках обрабатываемой выборки данных. Основным достоинством такого подхода является совмещение привлекательных свойств каждого задействованного метода оценивания параметров при обработке одной выборки. В статье рассматриваются способы формирования подвыборок исходной выборки для функций потерь, соответствующих городскому расстоянию и расстоянию Чебышева. Эти функции по-разному реагируют на плохо согласующиеся с выборкой в целом наблюдения — первая их, по существу, игнорирует, вторая, наоборот, к ним крайне чувствительна. Показано, что реализация метода смешанного оценивания для такой комбинированной функции потерь сводится к задаче линейного программирования. При разбиении исходной выборки на подвыборки использованы следующие свойства методов оценивания параметров линейного регрессионного уравнения: метод наименьших модулей обеспечивает равенство числа нулевых ошибок аппроксимации числу параметров; при использовании метода антиробастного оценивания число максимальных по модулю ошибок аппроксимации не меньше числа параметров плюс единица. Рассмотрен численный пример с десятью наблюдениями и тремя независимыми переменными. Сравниваются оценки параметров и значения некоторых частных критериев адкватности при использовании методов наименьших квадратов, модулей, антиробастного и смешанного оценивания. Исходная выборка разбивается при этом на две подвыборки, на одной из которых метод смешанного оценивания тяготеет к игнорированию аномальных наблюдений, а на другой, напротив, неявным образом придает им больший вес, позволяя совместить тем самым преимущества методов наименьших модулей и антиробастного оценивания при использовании на одних данных, в целом способствуя повышению адекватности в их обработке.
Анализ влияния сочетаний линейных управляющих воздействий на область значений функционалов гиперзвуковой аэродинамики
Authors: Бильченко Григорий Григорьевич , Бильченко Наталья Григорьевна
Published: August 2021

Исследуются свойства математической модели управления тепломассообменом и трением в ламинарном пограничном слое на проницаемых цилиндрических и сферических поверхностях гиперзвуковых летательных аппаратов. Объединённые системы обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, полученные методом обобщённых интегральных соотношений А. А. Дородницына для аппроксимации систем уравнений в частных производных, описывающих ламинарные пограничные слои на проницаемых цилиндрических и сферических поверхностях гиперзвуковых летательных аппаратов, применяются в математической модели. Параметры математической модели в точке торможения потока определяются из объединённых систем нелинейных алгебраических уравнений. Вдув в пограничный слой, температурный фактор и магнитное поле используются в качестве управлений. Рассматриваются случаи применения на всём участке управления сочетаний линейного вдува, линейного температурного фактора и постоянного магнитного поля. Даётся постановка прямой задачи. Получены зависимости значений функционалов гиперзвуковой аэродинамики (интегрального теплового потока и суммарной силы ньютоновского трения) от управляющих воздействий (вдува и температурного фактора). Приведены результаты вычислительных экспериментов.
Риск-ориентированное управление созданием организационно-технических систем на основе использования имитационных моделей их функционирования
Authors: Вивчарь Роман Михайлович , Птушкин Анатолий Иванович , Соколов Борис Владимирович
Published: August 2021

В данной статье предлагается методология построения и использования имитационных моделей при разработке системы риск-ориентированного управления созданием организационно-технических систем (ОТС), функционирование и создание которых происходит в условиях неопределенности. При этом под риском понимается одно из свойств качества решения, принимаемого в ситуации с неопределёнными исходами, характеризующее возможность и последствия недостижения поставленных в нем целей. Отличительной чертой предложенной методологии является то, что она позволяет оценивать качество решений, принимаемых в ходе проектирования, выявлять, в случае необходимости, причины их неудовлетворительного качества и на этой основе разрабатывать корректирующие решения, направленные на устранение этих причин. Оценивание качества управляющих решений, принимаемых при создании ОТС, проводится на основе анализа показателей совокупного риска, характеризующих степень недостижения целей этих решений. В качестве таких показателей используются вероятности недостижения целей, определенные в результате анализа плотностей вероятности параметров, характеризующих эти цели, которые получаются в результате имитационного моделирования функционирования ОТС, комплексно учитывающего воздействия на названные показатели всего множества нежелательных случайных факторов. Приведены результаты вычислительного эксперимента по оцениванию и коррекции показателей качества решений по созданию организационно-технической системы. Продемонстрировано, что, благодаря использованию возможностей имитационного моделирования процесса функционирования создаваемого объекта, можно организовать итерационный процесс управления целевым результатом его создания уже на стадии проектирования. Представленная методология построения и использования имитационных моделей для оценивания показателей качества управляющих решений позволяет не только оценить эти показатели, но и раскрывает механизм воздействия на них с целью устранения причин недостижения требуемого качества решения.
Синтез оптимальной системы теплообмена процессов разделения многокомпонентных смесей
Authors: Рыжова Алина Альбертовна , Емельянов Илья Игоревич , Зиятдинов Надир Низамович
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы оптимальной организации системы теплообмена установки первичной перегонки нефти ЭЛОУ АВТ. Для этого с целью выявления экономической целесообразности функционирующей системы теплообмена проведен пинч-анализ. В результате пинч-анализа были построены композитные кривые горячих и холодных потоков и большая составная кривая, позволившие определить предельно возможное количество рекуперируемой энергии технологическими потоками, тип энергоносителей по энергетическому уровню и значение оптимальной движущей силы, при которой обеспечивается минимум критерия оптимальности — суммарных приведенных и капитальных затрат. Результаты пинч-анализа показали наличие около 30 % полезной энергии для рекуперации технологическими потоками установки. Анализ методов синтеза оптимальных систем теплообмена показал, что одним из наиболее эффективных методов решения крупномасштабных задач является декомпозиционный подход, который подразумевает разбиение задачи синтеза на несколько подзадач меньшей размерности: задачи линейного программирования для минимизации энергетических затрат, задачи дискретно-непрерывного линейного программирования для минимизации числа теплообменного оборудования, задачи нелинейного программирования для определения минимальных суммарных приведённых затрат. В результате использования алгоритма декомпозиционного синтеза, были найдены оптимальные структуры системы теплообмена, режимы работы входящих в их состав теплообменников и даны экономические оценки найденным структурам. Результаты синтеза оптимальных систем теплообмена показали возможность для снижения суммарных приведенных затрат на 40 % при реорганизации функционирующей системы теплообмена. Анализ результатов синтеза схем с возможностью регенерации тепловой энергии показал возможность дополнительной экономии до 6377 тыс. у.е./г, что стало возможным вследствие использования излишков энергии для подогрева технологических потоков близлежащих установок.
Разработка программного обеспечения для построения агрегированных рейтингов на основе метода порогового агрегирования
Authors: Разумников Сергей Викторович
Published: August 2021

Проблема выбора наилучшей альтернативы является одной из важных направлений в теории принятия решений. Как правило, при выборе альтернативы оцениваются по множеству критериев, и формируется проранжированный вектор, по которому уже определяется лучшая. В случае важного выбора необходимо учитывать некомпенсаторный характер значений критериев. Для избегания проблемы с компенсацией предлагается формировать агрегированный рейтинг с применением правила порогового агрегирования. В статье представлена модель некомпенсаторного агрегирования для построения рейтингов, в основе которой лежит правило порогового агрегирования, применяемого в задачах многокритериального оценивания. Использование данного метода не позволит компенсировать низкие оценки экспертов другими более высокими оценками по другим критериям. Также представлена схема этапов оценки по данной модели и алгоритм для разработки программного обеспечения «Формирование агрегированного рейтинга». В алгоритме описаны используемые функции расчетов и приведен листинг кода. Представленная модель была запрограммирована на языке С # в среде Visual Studio 2019 в виде Windows приложения. Данная программа позволяет вести удобный и быстрый расчет индекса предпочтений и строить проранжированный агрегированный рейтинг, в том числе в виде графика, а также сохранять информацию в базу данных. Приведен пример расчета в программе для построения рейтинга поставщиков облачных услуг. Программа универсальна и может быть использована для построения обобщенного рейтинга оцениваемых альтернатив в любой области, а также для принятия решений при выборе лучшей альтернативы.
Disordered eating behaviors and experiences of violence among Mexican youth with different sexual orientations: A population-based study
Authors: Ortiz-Hernández Luis , Ruiz Rosas Jesús Abrahán , Ayala-Hilario Carolina
Published: August 2021

Introduction. In high-income countries, sexual minorities are at a higher risk for disordered eating behaviors. It is not known whether these findings can be extrapolated to Mexico. Objective. Determine whether there are any differences in disordered eating behaviors among Mexican youth according to sexual orientation and analyze the potential role of experiences of violence and discrimination as mediators of these differences. Method. Data from a representative sample of Mexican youth (12 to 29 years old, n = 27,876) were analyzed. Three groups were identified: young people who were not in love (NIL), who were in love with people of the opposite sex (ILOS), or in love with people of the same sex (ILSS). Restrictive behaviors, secret eating, and self-induced vomiting were identified through a scale created for the survey. Results. ILSS men had a higher risk of restrictive thoughts and behaviors (B = .31), secret eating (OR = 2.21), and self-induced vomiting (OR = 3.65) than ILOS youth. Among women, there was only a difference in self-induced vomiting (RM = 2.49). In both sexes, being a young ILSS had an indirect effect on restrictive behaviors through its association with experiences of violence, discrimination at school, and sexual violence. Discussion and conclusion. Mexican sexual minority men are at a higher risk of disordered eating behaviors, whereas sexual minority women are at a higher risk of purging. Part of the differences in restrictive behaviors were explained by the increased risk for experiences of prejudice faced by sexual minority youth.
Intrafamily relations and resilience as protectors against depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students
Authors: Bravo-Andrade Héctor Rubén
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Between 27.3% and 31.5% of adolescents in Mexico may present symptoms of depression. This issue has been studied from both family and resilience perspectives, although few studies have examined their interaction. Objective. In this study, we evaluated the influence of intrafamily relations and resilience on depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students, for which an analysis by sex was conducted. Method. For this correlation cross-sectional study, we evaluated 511 adolescents using the Revised Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies, the short version of the Intrafamily Relation Evaluation Scale, and the Revised Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. We performed multiple linear regression analyzes by sex using the stepwise method. Results. For young men, the predictor variables were expression, difficulties, and problem-solving (R2a = .34), whereas for young women the variables were union and support, difficulties, and empathy (R2a = .25). Discussion and conclusion. This study indicates specific aspects of intrafamily relations and resilience to develop sex-sensitive interventions to prevent depression in high school students.
Intimate-partner violence and its relationship with substance consumption by Mexican men and women: National Survey on Addictions
Authors: Natera Rey Guillermina , Moreno López Midiam , Toledano-Toledano Filiberto , Juárez García Francisco , Villatoro Velázquez Jorge
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Research findings about intimate-partner violence (IPV) have focused mostly on women as victims of violence. Recent studies show the importance of violence inflicted by women towards men or between same-sex couples. Objective. To estimate the prevalence of intimate-partner violence and its association with alcohol and drug consumption in a representative sample of men and women in Mexico through secondary data analysis. Method. The data come from a representative sample who filled out the section on intimate-partner violence in the Mexican 2011 Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones (National Survey on Addictions). Results. The prevalence of intimate-partner violence in the last year was 17.6% against women and 13.4% against men. If one of the two partners consumed substances, the risk that men and women would experience violence increased, and that risk was even greater if both consumed. Discussion and conclusion. This is the first time violence against men was reported in a Mexican national study. The findings show that gender-based violence should also be considered a result of social and cultural violence.
Specific features of pregnancy and delivery in HIV-infected women
Authors: Mozalyova Olga L. , Samarina Anna V.
Published: August 2021

HIV-infected women have a higher risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery (chronic placental insufficiency, anemia, placental abruption, preterm birth) compared with HIV-negative women, especially in case of opportunistic infections, immunodeficiency and a high viral load in the blood. The obstetrical pathologies are hard to study in these women because the above conditions are associated with a range of confounding factors that are not directly related to HIV infection but are often present, such as drug addiction, weight deficit, and chronic viral hepatitis coinfection. The literature review provides data from domestic and international studies on the correlation between HIV infection and the frequency of complications during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period, as well as the effect of the infection on the condition of newborns. The article cites current recommendations on the choice of delivery types for HIV-infected women.
Role of molecular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis
Authors: Shalina Maria A. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Netreba Elena A. , Beganova Alexandra K.
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of genital endometriosis and adenomyosis, in particular, is tending to increase. The lack of a complete understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and multifactorial causes of adenomyosis, the low effectiveness of existing drug therapy, and the importance of preserving reproductive function make it necessary to further study the pathogenesis of the disease, search for new non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods and develop a new strategy for pathogenically based drug therapy. The review presents current data on the role of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the development of adenomyosis based on domestic and foreign literature sources retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar in the period from 1999 to 2020. Considerable emphasis is placed on the discussion of the research results in recent years. Based on the analysis, the role of transforming growth factor (TGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), dual-specificity protein phosphatase (PTEN), Notch receptors, and eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) in the signaling of adenomyosis is presented. Further advanced study of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis will allow developing highly specific and highly sensitive markers for non-invasive diagnostics, as well as new directions for drug treatment of the disease.
Professor A.M. Mazhbits
Authors: Baranov Alexey N. , Andreyeva Anna V. , Revako Pavel P. , Istomina Natalya G.
Published: August 2021

Notable an obstetrician-gynecologist, urologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alexander Mazhbits made a great contribution to the history of medicine of the USSR and the annals of the Arkhangelsk state medical Institute (ASMI, now the North-State Medical University (NSMU)), where he headed the Department in 1953-1958. Being the author of over 120 scientific works and 7 books, many scientific inventions and publications on obstetric and gynecological urology and its history, he was a creator of the textbook Operative urogynecology, inventor and prominent scientist. Each operation for a particular urogynecological disease the author described in detail and step by step with the attachment of original visual drawings, photos or radiographs, diagrams of practical activities. Alexander Moiseevich was the first who proposed a new direction for the creation of urogynecology. Not specific urologists, surgeons or obstetricians-gynecologists should deal with this activities, but urogynecologists who consider the female pelvis as a whole. A.M. Mazhbits wrote: Obstetrics-gynecology and female urology are daughter cells of general pelvic surgery, they are twins of different ages, so closely related to each other genetically, clinically and practically that the boundaries between them are often smoothed out.