bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate implant placement vs. early implant treatment in the esthetic area. A 1‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Puisys Algirdas , Auzbikaviciute Viktorija , Vindasiute‐Narbute Egle , Pranskunas Mindaugas , Razukevicus Dainius , Linkevicius Tomas
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To assess the impact of implant placement and temporization timing on esthetic outcomes of single maxillary anterior implants with intact bone walls and interproximal bone.

Materials and methods

Test group patients received an immediate implant with immediate provisional restoration and socket preservation, while patients in the control group received an early implant placement with guided bone regeneration and delayed loading. Patients were followed for 1 year after final prosthetic and pink esthetic score (PES), mid‐buccal mucosal level (MBML), crestal bone changes (CBC), and peri‐implant soft tissue parameters, and patient chair time was recorded.

Results

Fifty patients received the intended treatment (25 test and 25 control). No implants failed. PES after 1 year was 12.8 ± 1.19 for the test group and 12.5 ± 1.36 for the control group (p = .362). MBML difference between baseline (after final crown delivery) and the 1‐year follow‐up was gain of 0.2 ± 1.02 mm for the test group (p = .047) and no change in the control group. CBC after 1 year were 0.1 mm ± 0.21 mm (mesial) and 0.2 mm ± 0.22 mm (distal) for the test group and 0.2 mm ± 0.25 mm (mesial) and 0.3 mm ± 0.19 mm (distal) for the control group, p = .540 (mesial) and p = .462 (distal). Test group required half the chair time (127 ± 13 min) when compared to the control group (259 ± 15 min, p < .001).

Conclusions

Within the limits of this trial, both treatment protocols resulted in excellent esthetic outcomes with PES >12 after 1‐year follow‐up.
Stock price forecasting based on improved time convolution network
Authors: Guo Wenchao , Li Zhigang , Gao Chuang , Yang Ying
Published: March 2022

Stock forecasting is difficult because of its complexity and uncertainty. To better predict stock prices and then provide stockholders with reasonable suggestions, this paper proposes an improved time convolution network (TCN) model for predicting stock prices. The model used can make up for some of the shortcomings of the traditional neural network, use the trading data in the stock market, and put the preprocessed data of financial news into the model for training to improve the accuracy of prediction. Using the Shanghai Securities Exchange (SSE) 50 Index (Shanghai Securities Exchange 50 Index selects the most representative 50 stocks with large scale and good liquidity in Shanghai stock market as sample stocks) and news text crawled from financial web pages as samples, predict the direction of the SSE 50 Index's rise and fall. After using different network structure hyperparameters to adjust the model structure, the prediction effect is compared with other models, and it is found that the proposed improved TCN model can effectively improve the effect of predicting the rise and fall of the SSE 50 index, and can complete the model training and predict the stock price faster.
Placement of a lumen‐apposing metal stent using the water‐filling technique from an endoscopic nasocystic drainage catheter to walled‐off necrosis with less liquid component
Authors: Takahashi Kosuke , Yasuda Ichiro , Nakao Kazuhiko
Published: March 2022

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Mobility, educational, and social performance of children with learning problems in Taiwan: A 3‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Lin Lien‐Chieh , Liou Tsan‐Hon , Chi Wen‐Chou , Yen Chia‐Feng , Liao Hua‐Fang , Wu Chin‐Wen
Published: March 2022

Aim

This study evaluated the performance of children with learning problems in Taiwan by using the Taiwan Data Bank of Persons with Disability.

Method

We included 3854 children (2343 males, 1511 females; mean [SD] age 9y 11mo [2y 4mo]) with specific learning disorder (SLD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, epilepsy, or intellectual disabilities for analysis. We used the Functioning Scale of the Disability Evaluation System‐Child version to investigate performance at follow‐up for at least 3 years.

Results

These participants demonstrated improvement across all the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability including for mobility, learning, social participation, and daily living. The children with SLD (p=0.3) and epilepsy (p=0.442) did not demonstrate significant improvement in learning, whereas those with ADHD (p<0.001), autism (p<0.001), and intellectual disabilities (p<0.001) did. The children with epilepsy displayed the most impairment and least improvement.

Interpretation

This cross‐diagnostic study of learning problems indicated the children with autism or ADHD received more structural education. However, education strategies for those with SLD or epilepsy required improvement. Finally, SLD is possibly underdiagnosed in children, and children with epilepsy are affected in multiple aspects.

What this paper adds

Specific learning disorder (SLD), ADHD, autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability can cause learning problems in children.

Children with ADHD and autism showed more improvement in academic performance.

SLD has been neglected and underdiagnosed, resulting in poor improvement.

Children with epilepsy have multiple impairments and exhibited minimal improvement.
Assessing the risk of human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission for conservation and public health
Authors: Fagre Anna C. , Cohen Lily E. , Eskew Evan A. , Farrell Max , Glennon Emma , Joseph Maxwell B. , Frank Hannah K. , Ryan Sadie J. , Carlson Colin J , Albery Gregory F.
Published: March 2022

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has led to increased concern over transmission of pathogens from humans to animals, and its potential to threaten conservation and public health. To assess this threat, we reviewed published evidence of human‐to‐wildlife transmission events, with a focus on how such events could threaten animal and human health. We identified 97 verified examples, involving a wide range of pathogens; however, reported hosts were mostly non‐human primates or large, long‐lived captive animals. Relatively few documented examples resulted in morbidity and mortality, and very few led to maintenance of a human pathogen in a new reservoir or subsequent “secondary spillover” back into humans. We discuss limitations in the literature surrounding these phenomena, including strong evidence of sampling bias towards non‐human primates and human‐proximate mammals and the possibility of systematic bias against reporting human parasites in wildlife, both of which limit our ability to assess the risk of human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission. We outline how researchers can collect experimental and observational evidence that will expand our capacity for risk assessment for human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission.
Genetically predicted frailty index and risk of stroke and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Weishi , Zhang Luyang , Fang Hui , Gao Yuan , Liu Kai , Li Shen , Liu Hongbing , Wang Xin , Liu Chen , Song Bo , Xia Zongping , Xu Yuming
Published: March 2022

Background and purpose

Previous studies have reported the association between frailty and stroke or Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causality remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether genetically predicted frailty is associated with the risk of stroke or AD by a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods

Genetic variants associated with the frailty index (FI) were obtained from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Summary‐level data for stroke and AD were adopted from the corresponding large GWAS of individuals of European ancestry. The inverse variance weighted method was used for estimating causal effects. Multivariable analysis was performed for further adjustment.

Results

The present MR study indicated a suggestive association between genetically predicted FI and a higher risk of any stroke (odds ratio 1.360, 95% confidence interval 1.006–1.838, p = 0.046). Regarding the subtypes of stroke, genetically predicted FI was associated with a higher risk of large artery atherosclerosis stroke (LAS) (odds ratio 2.487, 95% confidence interval 1.282–4.826, p = 0.007). No causal links were identified between genetically predicted FI and any ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, cardioembolic stroke, small artery stroke, AD or AD‐by‐proxy. Multivariable MR analysis indicated that the association of genetically predicted FI with LAS was attenuated after adjustment for inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.114).

Conclusions

The MR study suggested that genetically predicted FI may be associated with an increased risk of any stroke. Subgroup analysis indicated a suggestive association between genetically predicted FI and the risk of LAS. The underlying mechanisms need further investigation.
Effects of collaborative writing and peer feedback on Spanish as a foreign language writing performance
Authors: Bueno‐Alastuey Mª Camino , Vasseur Raychel , Elola Idoia
Published: March 2022

This study explores the effect of collaborative writing (CW) and peer feedback (PF) practices on subsequent individual writing assignments. Two groups of university students in a Spanish as a foreign language course experienced both CW and PF (Group 1 CW then PF; Group 2 PF then CW), and pre and posttests were analyzed for syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, accuracy, and fluency, as well as for overall quality using an analytic scale. Results suggest both treatments produced improvements, although PF was more beneficial for syntactic complexity, fluency, and overall quality, while CW led to more accurate texts. The order of treatments also affected scores: PF followed by CW produced better results in overall quality and fluency, while CW followed by PF was more beneficial for syntactic complexity and accuracy. Based on the results, pedagogical implications and recommendations, as well as limitations and suggestions for future research, are provided.
Effect of soil acidification on regrowth of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) under application of grazing cattle dung, cattle manure compost, and chemical fertilizer
Authors: Kakihara Hidetoshi , Ogura Shin‐ichiro
Published: March 2022

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) persists poorly in acidic soils. Not many studies have looked into the effects of fertilizers in improving orchardgrass persistence within acidic soils. We conducted experiments on 64 individual potted orchardgrass plants, which were defoliated to 5 cm and assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: unfertilized control (CNT), chemical fertilizer (CHE), grazing cattle dung (DNG), and cattle manure compost (CMP). Half the pots in each treatment received aluminum sulfate solution to induce further soil acidification (Al‐add), while the others received water (no‐Al). On days 20 and 47, after defoliation, soil properties and dry weights of aboveground biomass (AGB) (separated into leaves and stubble) and roots of four pots in each treatment group were measured. Al‐add induced soil acidification in all fertilizers across the experiment (p < 0.05). On day 20, AGB and leaves in CHE was increased by acidification (p < 0.05), which was not observed in other fertilizer treatments (p > 0.1). Stubble growth increased following acidification in all fertilizer treatments (p < 0.05). Acidification did not increase AGB on day 47; no effect was seen on root growth at either day 20 or 47 (p > 0.1). On day 20, soil concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (IN), nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N), and ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) were significantly elevated in Al‐add pots (p < 0.05). The increment was greater in CHE and CMP than in CNT and DNG on day 20, with a similar trend being observed for IN and NH4‐N concentrations at day 47. IN and NH4‐N concentrations in DNG with no‐Al increased over the regrowth period. These results indicate that orchardgrass regrowth in acidic soils can be improved by fertilizer addition, depending on fertilizer type. The increased concentration of soil IN, induced by soil acidification, is likely to be one of the factors encouraging growth. This increase of regrowth may favor the persistence of orchardgrass in strongly acidic soils.
The career resilience of senior women managers: A cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Jogulu Uma , Franken Esmé
Published: March 2022

This article examines how cultural contexts influence the demonstration of resilient behaviors of women senior managers in large organizations. We compare the experiences of Malaysian and Australian women overcoming key challenges and obstacles in their career journeys by engaging in the resilience strategies of network leveraging, learning, and adaptability. Our findings reveal the unique, complex, and contextual nature of career resilience, and show how resilience can be demonstrated, often differently, across culture and context. Our study adds to the existing body of literature in the areas of careers, gender in the workplace, and resilience, by highlighting how senior women sustain and navigate their career paths within the constraints of their socio‐cultural contexts. Practical and scholarly implications are discussed.
Assessing the experience of person‐centred coordinated care of people with chronic conditions in the Netherlands: Validation of the Dutch P3CEQ
Authors: Rijken Mieke , Close James , Menting Juliane , Lette Manon , Stoop Annerieke , Zonneveld Nick , de Bruin Simone R. , Lloyd Helen , Heijmans Monique
Published: March 2022

Background

Countries are adapting their health and social care systems to better meet the needs of growing populations with (multiple) chronic conditions. To guide this process, assessment of the ‘patient experience’ is becoming increasingly important. For this purpose, the Person‐Centred Coordinated Care Experience Questionnaire (P3CEQ) was developed in the United Kingdom, and translated into several languages.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the internal and construct validity of the Dutch P3CEQ to capture the experience of person‐centred coordinated care of people with chronic conditions in the Netherlands.

Participants and Methods

Adults with chronic conditions (N = 1098) completed the Dutch P3CEQ, measures of health literacy and patient activation, and reported the use and perceived quality of care services. Data analysis included Principal Component and reliability analysis (internal validity), analysis of variance and Student'sT‐tests (construct validity).

Results

The two‐component structure found was pretty much the same as in the UK validation study. Sociodemographic correlates also resembled those found in the United Kingdom. Women, persons who were less educated, less health‐literate or less activated experienced less person‐centred coordinated care. P3CEQ scores correlated positively with general practitioner performance scores and quality ratings of the total care received.

Conclusion

The Dutch P3CEQ is a valid instrument to assess the experience of person‐centred coordinated care among people with chronic conditions in the Netherlands. Awareness of inequity and more attention to communication skills in professional training are needed to ensure that care professionals better recognize the needs of women, lower educated or less health‐literate persons, and improve their experiences of care.

Patient Contribution

The P3CEQ has been developed in collaboration with a range of stakeholders. Eighteen persons with (multiple) chronic conditions participated as patient representatives and codesign experts in (four) codesign workshops. Other patient representatives participated in cognitive testing of the English‐language instrument. The usability of the P3CEQ to capture the experience of person‐centred coordinated care of older persons has been examined by interviewing 228 older European service users, including 13 living in the Netherlands, as part of the SUSTAIN project. More than a thousand persons with chronic conditions participated in the validation study of the Dutch P3CEQ.
Glycemic treatment deintensification practices in nursing home residents with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lederle Lauren I. , Steinman Michael A. , Jing Bocheng , Nguyen Brian , Lee Sei J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Older nursing home (NH) residents with glycemic overtreatment are at significant risk of hypoglycemia and other harms and may benefit from deintensification. However, little is known about deintensification practices in this setting.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019 among Veterans Affairs (VA) NH residents. Participants were VA NH residents age ≥65 with type 2 diabetes with a NH length of stay (LOS) ≥ 30 days and an HbA1c result during their NH stay. We defined overtreatment as HbA1c <6.5 with any insulin use, and potential overtreatment as HbA1c <7.5 with any insulin use or HbA1c <6.5 on any glucose‐lowering medication (GLM) other than metformin alone. Our primary outcome was continued glycemic overtreatment without deintensification 14 days after HbA1c.

Results

Of the 7422 included residents, 17% of residents met criteria for overtreatment and an additional 23% met criteria for potential overtreatment. Among residents overtreated and potentially overtreated at baseline, 27% and 19%, respectively had medication regimens deintensified (73% and 81%, respectively, continued to be overtreated). Long‐acting insulin use and hyperglycemia ≥300 mg/dL before index HbA1c were associated with increased odds of continued overtreatment (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.65 and OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.66, respectively). Severe functional impairment (MDS‐ADL score ≥ 19) was associated with decreased odds of continued overtreatment (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.95). Hypoglycemia was not associated with decreased odds of overtreatment.

Conclusions

Overtreatment of diabetes in NH residents is common and a minority of residents have their medication regimens appropriately deintensified. Deprescribing initiatives targeting residents at high risk of harms and with low likelihood of benefit such as those with history of hypoglycemia, or high levels of cognitive or functional impairment are most likely to identify NH residents most likely to benefit from deintensification.
Health service nutrition practices and associations with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing resection for upper gastrointestinal cancer: Results from the multi‐centre NOURISH point prevalence study
Authors: Deftereos Irene , Yeung Justin M. C. , Arslan Janan , Carter Vanessa M. , Isenring Elizabeth , Kiss Nicole ,   The NOURISH Point Prevalence Study Group
Published: March 2022

Background

The present study aimed to investigate health service nutrition practices of sites providing care to patients undergoing surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancer within Australia, including the provision of perioperative nutrition support services and outpatient clinics, as well as the use of evidence‐based nutrition care pathways/protocols. Secondary aims were to investigate associations between the use of a nutrition care pathway/protocol and patient outcomes.

Methods

Principal investigator dietitians for the sites (n = 27) participating in the NOURISH point prevalence study participated in a purpose‐built site‐specific survey regarding perioperative nutrition practices and protocols. Data from the 200 patients who participated in the study (including malnutrition prevalence, preoperative weight loss and receipt of dietetics intervention, intraoperative feeding tube insertions, provision of nutrition support day 1 post surgery, length of stay, and complications) were investigated using multivariate analysis to determine associations with the sites' use of a nutrition care pathway/protocol.

Results

The majority of sites (>92%) reported having dietetics services available in chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Eighty‐five percent of sites reported having some form of outpatient clinic service; however, a routine service was only available at 26% of sites preoperatively and 37% postoperatively. Most preoperative services were embedded into surgical/oncology clinics (70%); however, this was reported for only 44% of postoperative clinics. Only 44% had a nutrition care pathway/protocol in place. The use of a nutrition care pathway/protocol was associated with lower rates of malnutrition, as well as higher rates of preoperative dietetics intervention, intraoperative feeding tube insertions, and European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guideline compliant care day 1 post surgery.

Conclusions

The results of the present study demonstrate varied perioperative outpatient nutrition services in this high‐risk patient group. The use of nutrition care pathways and protocols was associated with improved patient outcomes.
Can people living with and beyond colorectal cancer make lifestyle changes with the support of health technology: A feasibility study
Authors: Nelson Victoria , Cross Amanda J. , Powell Jonathan , Shaw Clare
Published: March 2022

Background

Rates of cancer survival are increasing, with more people living with and beyond cancer. Lifestyle recommendations for cancer survivors are based largely on extrapolation from cancer prevention recommendations. This feasibility study was designed to investigate diet and physical activity variables linked to primary prevention and digital behaviour change interventions in cancer survivors and delivered by an oncology dietitian to plan for future research.

Methods

In this 2‐month feasibility study, participants who had completed treatment for colorectal cancer were invited to complete online food diaries, underwent physical activity assessment, attended fortnightly telephone consultations with an oncology dietitian and completed an evaluation form. The baseline food diaries were used to help participants pick two lifestyle changes to focus on throughout the intervention. Demographic and clinical data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results

In total, 996 patients were screened for eligibility; of these, 78 were eligible to approach and 69 were approached, resulting in 20 participants consenting to take part. Overall, the intervention was acceptable with 65% of participants completing an online food diary and 70% engaging with the dietitian over the telephone. The intervention received good feedback, with 100% of those completing the evaluation form reporting they felt supported and found it helpful.

Conclusions

The present study offers preliminary evidence that a lifestyle intervention delivered by an oncology dietitian using digital behaviour change interventions (DBCIs) to cancer survivors is feasible and accepted by participants and providers.
Fatal Chryseobacterium indologenes infection in a captive red‐shanked Douc langur (Pygathrix nemaeus)
Authors: Chong Shin Min , Douay Guillaume , Heng Yirui , Chng You Rong , Tay Yih Hong , Wong Wai Kwan
Published: March 2022

We report a case of fatal Chryseobacterium indologenes infection in a captive juvenile red‐shanked Douc langur in Singapore Zoo. The animal was treated for suspected melioidosis but died within 48 h. Chryseobacterium indolegenes was isolated from the liver and should be included as a differential for bacterial infections in the tropics.
Efficacy of a mixed preparation containing piperine, capsaicin and curcumin in the treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: Mao Yaqi , Xu Ziqian , Song Jun , Xie Yihui , Mei Xingyu , Shi Weimin
Published: March 2022

Background

Alopecia areata is a common non‐scarring alopecia, mainly manifested as sudden localized patchy alopecia. It is currently believed to be related to autoimmune, genetic, emotional stress, and endocrine factors.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the mixed preparation of piperine, capsaicin, and curcumin on alopecia areata treatment.

Methods

Sixty patients were enrolled in this study and divided into 2 groups randomly: topical treated with the mixed preparation (case) twice daily and 5%minoxidil (control) once daily for 3 months. The degree of hair loss was assessed by SALT and dermoscopy.

Results

On the completion of the study, compared with baseline, statistically significant regrowth occurred in both groups (p < 0.05). The mean SALT scores and hair follicle status under trichoscopy at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks in the mixed preparation group and in the minoxidil group were comparable, respectively. The effective rate of mixed preparation group was 63.33% and minoxidil group was 70%. Adverse symptoms were temporary and no serious adverse event occurred.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, the mixed preparation of piperine, capsaicin, and curcumin is effective in treating alopecia areata, but it has not been shown to be superior to minoxidil in short‐term therapy.
The weedEleusine indicaas an alternative host ofFusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubensetropical race 4 causing Fusarium wilt in Cavendish banana
Authors: Catambacan Dennice G. , Cumagun Christian Joseph R.
Published: March 2022

One of the most common weeds in commercial and abandoned Cavendish banana farms,Eleusine indicawas tested on its role as an alternative host ofFusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubenseTropical Race 4 (FocTR4), causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease of banana. Different isolates of TR4 from various parts of a Cavendish banana were inoculated to the weedE. indicawith Cavendish cv. Grand Naine as banana control. Colonization ofFocTR4 in artificially inoculatedE. indicaand Grand Naine was confirmed through DNA‐based detection (real‐time PCR) from fungal cultures re‐isolated fromE. indicaand various parts of Grand Naine. Results showed thatE. indicacan be colonized after artificial inoculation by differentFocTR4 isolates. Percent TR4‐colonized samples ofE. indicawere, however, lower compared to the primary host Cavendish banana. AllFocTR4‐colonizedE. indicadid not show wilting and hence were asymptomatic. Compared toFocTR4 isolates re‐isolated from Cavendish banana Grand Naine, all re‐isolated various TR4 isolates from artificially inoculatedE. indicawere more pathogenic based on percent Fusarium wilt incidence when re‐introduced back to the primary host Cavendish banana. MoreFocTR4 isolates were significantly more aggressive based on shorter incubation period or number of days to onset of symptom expression, and were significantly more virulent based on higher severity of rhizome discoloration of Cavendish banana plantlets. AllFocTR4 isolates re‐isolated from eitherE. indicaor Grand Naine resulted to the same degree of leaf yellowing when re‐introduced to Cavendish banana. This study concludes thatE. indicacolonized byFocTR4 could serve as relevant reservoir of the pathogen in the field indicating that weed management should be integral to the management of Fusarium wilt disease of Cavendish banana.
The phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1 regulates seed development and germination by modulating abscisic acid homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yin Xiaoming , Bai Ya‐Li , Gong Chunyan , Song Wenli , Wu Yan , Ye Tiantian , Feng Yu‐Qi
Published: March 2022

Melatonin is known to involve multiple physiological actions in plants. Herein, we found that exogenous melatonin inhibited the Arabidopsis seedling growth through the elevated abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and the elevated ABA was ascribed to the upregulation of 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes (NCEDs) in the ABA biosynthesis pathway. We also found that the overexpression lines of the melatonin receptor gene PMTR1 (also known as Cand2) yielded smaller seeds and germinated slower than the wild type, whereas PMTR1‐knockout mutants produced larger seeds and germinated faster than the wild type. During the seed development, the accumulation peak of ABA was higher in the PMTR1‐knockout mutant, while it was lower in the PMTR1‐overexpression line than that in the wild type. In the dry seeds and imbibed seeds, the PMTR1‐overexpression line accumulated higher ABA levels, while the PMTR1‐knockout contained less ABA than the wild type. In summary, our findings suggest that PMTR1 is involved in ABA‐mediated seed development and germination in Arabidopsis.
Analysis and experimental investigation of Apollo sample 12032,366‐18, a chemically evolved basalt from the Moon
Authors: Stadermann Amanda C. , Jolliff Bradley L. , Krawczynski Michael J. , Hamilton Christopher W. , Barnes Jessica J.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Sample 12032,366‐18 is a 41.2 mg basaltic rock fragment collected during the Apollo 12 mission to the Moon. It is enriched in incompatible trace elements (e.g., 7 ppm Th), but does not have a bulk composition that would be considered a KREEP (enriched in potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorous) basalt. The sample is of particular interest because it may be representative of some of the mare basalts within Oceanus Procellarum that are inferred to be Th‐rich, based on remote sensing data. The major mineral assemblage of 12032,366‐18 is pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine, and ilmenite, and the bulk composition has 4.2 wt% TiO2, 11.7 wt% Al2O3, and 0.25 wt% K2O. The sample contains regions of late‐stage crystallized minerals and glass (collectively termed mesostasis), including K‐feldspar, apatite, rare earth (RE) merrillite, ilmenite, troilite, silica, and relatively sodic plagioclase adjacent to ferroan pyroxene. The mesostasis also occurs in several areas that are highly enriched in silica and intergrown with K‐feldspar and very fine‐grained, high‐mean‐atomic‐number phases. We explore the petrology of this sample, including the origin of the Si‐K‐rich mesostasis to assess whether the mesostasis had formed by silicate liquid immiscibility (SLI). We used experiments to determine if the bulk composition of 12032,366‐18 is representative of a bulk liquid composition, how the residual liquid evolves, and to investigate the partitioning of elements between phases as the melt evolves. Experiments support that the mesostasis formed by SLI after crystallization of minerals closely matches the major‐mineral assemblage of 12032,366‐18. Experiments bracket the onset of SLI and merrillite saturation between 1024 and 1002 °C. Some high field strength elements, such as Zr and P, partition preferentially into the Fe‐rich liquid. From the experiments, we infer that the bulk composition of 12032,366‐18 represents the magma from which it crystallized. Based on the Th‐rich and KREEP‐bearing chemistry of this sample, along with experimental evidence showing that the sample is representative of a bulk liquid composition and not a cumulate, we conclude that basalt fragment 12032,366‐18 was delivered to the Apollo 12 landing site as ejecta from a distant impact and could represent an Oceanus Procellarum basalt. Missions to Oceanus Procellarum, such as Chang’E 5, have the potential to confirm whether some of those basalts are indeed enriched in Th and other incompatible trace elements as indicated by remote sensing.
Metalinguistic effects
Authors: Mena Ricardo
Published: March 2022

We can communicate linguistic information by asserting sentences that are not explicitly about linguistic matters. Stalnaker offers a pragmatic account of this phenomenon. It is not clear that such an account is correct. In this article I offer an alternative account that does not rely on pragmatic mechanisms and which captures many of the insights in Stalnaker's theory of linguistic communication. The view is inspired by Barker's semantics of vague adjectives.
The effect of exercise training on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Engin Buket , Willis Scott A. , Malaikah Sundus , Sargeant Jack A. , Yates Thomas , Gray Laura J. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Stensel David J. , King James A.
Published: March 2022

This systematic review and meta‐analysis determined the impact of exercise training on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in adults. Its scope extended to studies measuring whole‐body and localized subcutaneous adipose tissue insulin sensitivity using validated techniques. Consensus from four studies demonstrates that exercise training improved whole‐body adipose tissue insulin sensitivity when measured via stable‐isotope lipid tracers (rate of appearance suppression in response to hyperinsulinemia). Meta‐analysis of 20 studies (26 intervention arms) employing the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO‐IR) supported these findings (−10.63 [−14.12 to −7.15] pmol·L−1 × mmol·L−1). With ADIPO‐IR, this response was greater in studies documenting weight loss and shorter sampling time (≤48 h) post‐training. Overall, exercise training did not affect whole‐body adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in seven studies (11 intervention arms) measuring the suppression of circulating non‐esterified fatty acids in response to insulin infusion (1.51 [−0.12 to 3.14]%); however, subgroup analysis identified an enhanced suppression post‐training in trials reporting weight loss. From four microdialysis studies, consensus indicates no effect of exercise training on localized (abdominal/femoral) adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, potentially suggesting that enhanced whole‐body responses are related to improvements in central adipose depots. However, heterogeneity within microdialysis protocols dictates that findings must be viewed with caution.
High safety margins to drought‐induced hydraulic failure found in five pasture grasses
Authors: Jacob Vinod , Choat Brendan , Churchill Amber C. , Zhang Haiyang , Barton Craig V. M. , Krishnananthaselvan Arjunan , Post Alison K. , Power Sally A. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Tissue David T.
Published: March 2022

Determining the relationship between reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water transport during dehydration is key to understanding plant drought responses. While numerous studies have analysed the hydraulic function of woody species, minimal research has been conducted on grasses. Here, we sought to characterize hydraulic vulnerability in five widely‐occurring pasture grasses (including both C3 and C4 grasses) and determine whether reductions in gs and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) during dehydration could be attributed to xylem embolism. Using the optical vulnerability (OV) technique, we found that all species were highly resistant to xylem embolism when compared to other herbaceous angiosperms, with 50% xylem embolism (PX50) occurring at xylem pressures ranging from −4.4 to −6.1 MPa. We observed similar reductions in gs and Kleaf under mild water stress for all species, occurring well before PX50. The onset of xylem embolism (PX12) occurred consistently after stomatal closure and 90% reduction of Kleaf. Our results suggest that factors other than xylem embolism are responsible for the majority of reductions in gs and Kleaf during drought and reductions in the productivity of pasture species under moderate drought may not be driven by embolism.
Suppression of alpha‐band power underlies exogenous attention to emotional distractors
Authors: Arana Lydia , Melcón María , Kessel Dominique , Hoyos Sandra , Albert Jacobo , Carretié Luis , Capilla Almudena
Published: March 2022

Alpha‐band oscillations (8–14 Hz) are essential for attention and perception processes by facilitating the selection of relevant information. Directing visuospatial endogenous (voluntary) attention to a given location consistently results in a power suppression of alpha activity over occipito‐parietal areas contralateral to the attended visual field. In contrast, the neural oscillatory dynamics underlying the involuntary capture of attention, or exogenous attention, are currently under debate. By exploiting the inherent capacity of emotionally salient visual stimuli to capture attention, we aimed to investigate whether exogenous attention is characterized by either a reduction or an increase in alpha‐band activity. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants completed a Posner visuospatial cueing task, in which a lateralized image with either positive, negative, or neutral emotional content competed with a target stimulus presented in the opposite hemifield. Compared with trials with no distractors, alpha power was reduced over occipital regions contralateral to distracting images. This reduction of alpha activity turned out to be functionally relevant, as it correlated with impaired behavioral performance on the ongoing task and was enhanced for distractors with negative valence. Taken together, our results demonstrate that visuospatial exogenous attention is characterized by a suppression of alpha‐band activity contralateral to distractor location, similar to the oscillatory underpinnings of endogenous attention. Further, these results highlight the key role of exogenous attention as an adaptive mechanism for the efficient detection of biologically salient stimuli.
Periostin‐related progression of different types of experimental pulmonary hypertension: A role for M2 macrophage and FGF‐2 signalling
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Nagaoka Tetsutaro , Nagata Yuichi , Suzuki Yoshifumi , Tsutsumi Takeo , Kuriyama Sachiko , Watanabe Junko , Togo Shinsaku , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Matsushita Masakazu , Joki Yusuke , Konishi Hakuoh , Nunomura Satoshi , Izuhara Kenji , Conway Simon J. , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: March 2022

Background and objective

Remodelling of pulmonary arteries (PA) contributes to the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Periostin, a matricellular protein, has been reported to be involved in the development of PH. We examined the role of periostin in the pathogenesis of PH using different types of experimental PH.

Methods

PH was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist (Sugen5416) plus hypoxic exposure (SuHx) and venous injection of monocrotaline‐pyrrole (MCT‐P) in wild‐type (WT) and periostin−/− mice. Pulmonary haemodynamics, PA remodelling, expression of chemokines and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, accumulation of macrophages to small PA and the right ventricle (RV) were examined in PH‐induced WT and periostin−/− mice. Additionally, the role of periostin in the migration of macrophages, human PA smooth muscle (HPASMCs) and endothelial cells (HPMVECs) was investigated.

Results

In PH induced by SuHx and MCT‐P, PH and accumulation of M2 macrophage to small PA were attenuated in periostin−/− mice. PA remodelling post‐SuHx treatment was also mild in periostin−/− mice compared to WT mice. Expression of macrophage‐associated chemokines and FGF‐2 in lung tissue, and accumulation of CD68‐positive cells in the RV were less in SuHx periostin−/− than in SuHx WT mice. Periostin secretion in HPASMCs and HPMVECs was enhanced by transforming growth factor‐β. Periostin also augmented macrophage, HPASMCs and HPMVECs migration. Separately, serum periostin levels were significantly elevated in patients with PH compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion

Periostin is involved in the development of different types of experimental PH, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of human PH.
Risk analysis of fast spreading species in a Kashmir Himalayan National Park (Dachigam) for better monitoring and management
Authors: Yaqoob Saba , Jan Iqra , Reshi Zafar A , Rashid Irfan , Shah Manzoor A.
Published: March 2022

Huge economic costs and ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) in the protected areas (PAs) worldwide make their timely prediction and potential risk assessment of central importance for effective management. While the preborder weed risk assessment framework has been extensively evaluated and implemented, the postborder species risk assessment framework has not been subjected to the same degree of scrutiny. Here we used a rather more realistic modified version of the Australian Weed Risk framework (AWRM) for Dachigam National Park (DNP) in Kashmir Himalaya against 84 plant species, including 55 alien species and 29 fast spreading native species, for risk analysis. We found two very high‐risk species, three high‐risk species, 10 medium‐risk species, 29 low‐risk species, and 40 negligible‐risk species in the DNP. The containment scores accordingly ranged from 14.4 to 293.5 comprising of 27 species that can be contained with very high feasibility, 23 species with high feasibility, 14 species with medium feasibility, and 12 species which cannot be contained easily thereby having low feasibility of containment (FOC) score. However, eight species which have a negligible FOC score are difficult to contain within their infestation sites. Our results demonstrate the merit of the AWRM with a caution that the necessary region‐specific modifications may help in its better implementation. Overall, these results provide quite a promising tool in the hands of protected area managers to timely and effectively deal with the problem of plant invasions.
Building blocks for developing a research question: The ABC‐model
Authors: Wisse Maarten , Roeland Johan
Published: March 2022

A precisely formulated research question is becoming increasingly important within the humanities. This applies not only to research funding applications, but also to articles, papers, and student theses. This article presents a tool allowing students to develop research questions on their own, which is open enough to allow for a wide variety of research questions, while still giving users sufficient guidance to formulate a precise question. It also offers a concrete roadmap for students to use in developing their research question.
Preventing antibody positive delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle cell disease: Lessons learned from a case
Authors: Rankin Alexander , Webb Jennifer , Nickel Robert Sheppard
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are important in the management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, a potentially catastrophic complication of transfusion in this population is the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR). The pathophysiology of all DHTRs is not understood, but some are known to be caused by an anamnestic resurgence of RBC alloantibodies.

Case presentation

A child with SCD transfused for acute chest syndrome re‐presented a week after hospital discharge with severe anaemia, hemolysis, and a newly detected anti‐E. This patient had been previously transfused years ago at an outside institution and the anti‐E had not been previously documented.

Discussion

The presented case of an antibody positive DHTR illustrates several concepts critical to the prevention of this complication. RBC alloantibodies must be detected and this information must be shared. Prophylactic C/c, E/e, K antigen matching is helpful for patients with SCD, but systems must be in place to identify these patients. Patients transfused at multiple different hospitals are especially at risk for this complication and efforts are needed to prevent them from suffering a DHTR.
CRISIS Ventilator: Pilot Study of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Gas-Powered Resuscitator in a Porcine Model
Authors: El Haddi S. James , Brito Alex , Subramanian Sarayu , Han XiaoYue , Menzel Whitney , Fontaine Evan , Appleman Maria Luisa , Garay Joseph P. , Child Dennis , Nonas Stephanie , Schreiber Martin A. , Chi Albert
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has altered medical practice around the globe and revealed critical deficiencies in hospital supply chains ranging from adequate personal protective equipment to life-sustaining ventilators for critically ill hospitalized patients. We developed the CRISIS ventilator, a gas-powered resuscitator that functions without electricity, and which can be manufactured using hobby-level three-dimensional (3D) printers and standard off-the-shelf equipment available at the local hardware store. CRISIS ventilators were printed and used to ventilate sedated female Yorkshire pigs over 24-h. Pulmonary and hemodynamic values were recorded throughout the 24-h run, and serial arterial blood samples were obtained to assess ventilation and oxygenation. Lung tissue was obtained from each pig to evaluate for signs of inflammatory stress. All five female Yorkshire pigs survived the 24-h study period without suffering from hypoxemia, hypercarbia, or severe hypotension requiring intervention. One animal required rescue at the beginning of the experiment with a traditional ventilator due to leakage around a defective tracheostomy balloon. The wet/dry ratio was 6.74 ± 0.19 compared to historical controls of 7.1 ± 4.2 (not significantly different). This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that our 3D-printed CRISIS ventilator can ventilate and oxygenate a porcine model over the course of 24-h with stable pulmonary and hemodynamic function with similar levels of ventilation-related inflammation when compared with a previous control porcine model. Our work suggests that virtual stockpiling with just-in-time 3D-printed equipment, like the CRISIS ventilator, can temporize shortages of critical infrastructure needed to sustain life for hospitalized patients.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Ionic Wind Assisted Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle: A Numerical Study
Authors: Yang Mengqiao , Yagoobi Jamal , Tilley Burt
Published: March 2022

Impinging jet nozzles are omnipresent in industrial applications. Innovative impinging jet nozzles, such as radial jet reattachment (RJR) and slot jet reattachment (SJR) nozzles, have been proven to be highly efficient tools to enhance heat and mass transfer, compared to traditional in-line jet and slot-jet nozzles. However, the heat and mass transfer in the region immediately underneath these reattachment nozzles are relatively inefficient. The ionic wind is a promising technique for heat transfer enhancement. The ionic flow is induced when free ions are accelerated by an electric field, and exchange momentum with neutral air molecules. In this numerical study, the performance of the SJR nozzle is improved by the application of an electric field, specifically, ionic wind, which is generated in the region directly between the nozzle and the exposed impingement surface. The two-dimensional numerical model is based on the flow field generated by an ionic wind-assisted SJR nozzle. The simulation results show a significant secondary flow induced under the nozzle, due to ionic wind. A significant enhancement of local and average heat transfer coefficients is achieved. The heat transfer increases with the applied potential and nozzle exit velocity. However, the SJR flow pattern is altered when the air exit velocity is below a certain threshold. The simulation results provide an in-depth understanding of the heat transfer characteristics under various operating conditions and pave the way for developing this novel impinging nozzle design.
Cryo-XPS spectra from bacterial reference strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM50090
Authors: Ramstedt Madeleine , Shchukarev Andrey
Published: March 2022

Cryogenic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the cell envelope of intact and hydrated Gram-negative bacteria of the species Pseudomonas fluorescens. We used a reference strain, DSM50090, from the German microbial culture collection, which we previously have suggested would function well as a reference strain for future XPS analyses of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria were grown on nutrient agar plates at room temperature, collected with a cultivation loop, and washed using phosphate buffered saline. An aliquot of the cell pellet was fast-frozen on the sample holder in the sample introduction chamber to a temperature of 103 K and kept frozen throughout the measurement. Survey spectra and high-resolution spectra of Na 1s, O 1s, N 1s, C 1s, Cl 2p, S 2p, and P 2p are reported. The spectra obtained from the analyzed cells represent a combined signal from O, N, C, and S atoms in proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides at the cell surface. Furthermore, signal from P, Na, K, and Cl atoms was present both originating from processes in the cell envelope and remnants from the wash buffer.