bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the semi-diagnostic computation of climatological circulation in the western tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: SHAJI C. , RAO A. D. , DUBE S. K. , BAHULAYAN N.
Published: December 2021

The seasonal mean climatological circulation in the Indian Ocean north of 20°S and west of 80°E during the summer and winter has been investigated using a 3-dimensional, fully non-linear, semi-diagnostic circulation model. The model equations include the basic ocean hydrothermodynamic  equations of momentum, hydrostatics, continuity, sea surface topography and temperature and salt transport equations. Model is driven with the seasonal mean data on wind stress at the ocean surface and thermohaline forcing at different levels. The circulation in the upper levels of the ocean at 20, 50, 150, 300, 500 and 1000 m depths during the two contrasting seasons has been obtained using the model, and the role of steady, local forcing of wind and internal density field on the dynamical balance of circulation in the western tropical Indian Ocean is explained. The climatological temperature and salinity data used to drive the model is found to be hydrodynamically adjusted with surface wind, flow field and bottom relief during the adaptation stages. Semi-diagnostic technique is found to be very effective for the smoothening of climatic temperature and salinity data and also to obtain the 3-dimensional steady state circulation, which would serve as initial condition in simulation models of circulation.
Weather & weather systems at Schirmacher Oasis (Maitri) during recent two decades - A review
Authors: TYAGI AJIT , SINGH U.P. , MOHAPATRA M.
Published: December 2021

Indian Antarctic station Maitri experiences varying external influences from interior of east Antarctica as well as moving depressions and cyclones along the coast. The relative position of circumpolar trough and strengthening of high pressure centre near pole influences variation of atmospheric pressure at Maitri. The diurnal, daily and seasonal variation of temperature mainly depend upon moving pressure systems, katabatic winds, change of solar insulation with change of seasons, reflectivity from clouds and snow surface. The katabatic winds prevail over Maitri which is highly directional from South- East sector due to increase of slope towards south. The blizzards are main weather at Maitri, fog and white out are occasional phenomena. The precipitation is mostly in form of snowfall but rain is very rare at Maitri. Heavy or moderate snowfall indicative of active front leading edge of warm air masses being transported southwards. Strong temperature variant near Schirmacher oasis give precipitation in form of snow. Fog occurred due to slow movement of relatively warm air from lower latitude over the colder surface. Winter season witnessed more snowfall accumulation at Maitri than other season. During summer rise of temperature accompanied with absorption of latent heat by ice pellets in low level of atmosphere results precipitation in form of water droplets. Highest number of blizzards occurs during winter season whereas lowest number of blizzards occurs during summer season. Normally due to cyclonic activities, warm air masses transported towards the Schirmacher oasis which causes rise of temperature at Maitri. Longer duration of the blizzards over the station depends upon strength of slow moving blocking anticyclone situated east of Maitri at lower latitude. Tremendous fluctuation of atmospheric electric field observed before onset is a pre-indication of commencement of blizzards.
Real-time mesoscale modeling for short range prediction of weather over Maitri region in Antarctica
Authors: BHOWMIK S.K.ROY , KUMAR ANUPAM , K.DAS ANANDA
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this paper is to implement Polar WRF model for the Maitri (Lat. 70° 45 S, Long. 11° 44 E) region at the horizontal resolution of 15 km using initial and boundary conditions of the Global Forecast System T-382 operational at the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The study evaluates the performance of the model using the conventional approach of case studies. The results of the case studies illustrated in this paper reveal that the model is capable of capturing synoptic and meso-scale weather systems. Forecast fields are consistent with the corresponding analysis fields. Synoptic charts of mean sea level pressure prepared by the Weather Service of South Africa at Pretoria are used for the model validation. The model derived meteograms of mean sea level pressure are compared against the corresponding observations. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the forecast products for short range forecasting of weather over the Maitri region. The forecast outputs are made available in the real-time mode in the national web site of IMD www.imd.gov.in. The study is expected to benefit weather forecasters at Maitri.
Recent trends and variations in surface meteorological parameters over Indian Antarctic station Maitri
Authors: SINGH O.P. , SINGH U.P. , LAL R.P.
Published: December 2021

Utilizing surface meteorological data of temperature, pressure and wind of recent two decades, 1991-2010 over Indian Antarctic research station Maitri the trends and variabilities in surface meteorological parameters have been discussed. The trend in mean air temperature at Maitri has been -0.4/decade during past two decades showing no impact of global warming on Maitri surface temperature.
There is no trend in surface pressure at Maitri during last two decades. Mean surface wind speed has shown slight increasing trend during the decade 1991-2000 whereas it has shown slight decreasing trend during the decade 2001-2010. However, there are large interannual variations in surface parameters and the linear trends seem to be the result of such variations. During Jan-March of two contrasting monsoon years 2009 and 2010 interesting anomalies in surface pressure at Maitri have been observed. Surface pressure was anomalously lower at Matri in Jan-March of drought year 2009 whereas positive pressure anomalies prevailed during the same period of excess monsoon year 2010. Negative temperature anomalies during January-March over Maitri preceded drought monsoon 2009 and positive anomalies prevailed during the same period before good monsoon 2010.
A short term characterisation of wind and temperature over Maitri, East Antarctica
Authors: HOSALIKAR K.S. , NAIR SUSHMA , KRISHNAMURTHY RAJIV
Published: December 2021

Polar Science is gaining increased importance in Climate Change studies because of the profound influence Polar Climatology has on the Global Climate. Research shows that Antarctica seems to be warming around the edges and cooling at the center at the same time. East Antarctica is climatologically colder than west Antarctica because of its higher elevation.

A short term characterization of wind and the temperature over Maitri is attempted in this paper. Maximum and Minimum temperatures showed a tendency to decrease with winter contributing the most to the change. The Wind Directions were predominantly South-South-Easterly in summer and autumn and South-Easterly in winter and spring, with katabatic winds showing the maximum frequency in autumn. The wind speeds were found to be most variable in winter. Greater contributions to the wind chill temperatures were found from the winds, with the tendency for change being more prominent in the transition seasons.
Ozone hole over poles : Current status
Authors: JAIN S.L.
Published: December 2021

The ozone in the stratosphere is of great importance for very survival of life on the mother planet the Earth. Ozone acts as an umbrella and protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations coming from the Sun. The catalytic destruction of ozone by ClOx & NOx in general and ozone hole phenomenon over Antarctica during spring time in particular has generated unprecedented interest in monitoring of ozone and other trace constituents in the atmosphere. The satellites have proved to be an important tool to monitor the global ozone column on regular basis. The ozone data using various satellite platforms has been analyzed for the ozone hole studies over north and south poles. Also Ozone measurements were carried out at Maitri, Antarctica. The satellite data indicates that some recovery of ozone hole as a result of international efforts in reduction of use of CFCs which are the main culprit for ozone hole. However, it will be too early to conclude about ozone hole recovery. In the present communication current status of ozone hole will be discussed in detail.
Study of SO2 and NO2 behaviour during the ozone-hole event at Antarctica by Brewer Spectrophotometer
Authors: PESHIN S.K.
Published: December 2021

Vertical column density of sulphur dioxide has been measured at Maitri (70.7°S, 11.7°E), the Indian station in the Antarctica from September, 1999 to December, 2006 by a Brewer Spectrophotometer. Simultaneously, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and the maximum value of UV-B have also been measured, we found an increase in SO2 during spring. An increase in NO2 column was also found during this period but not identical with that of SO2. These variations in SO2 and NO2 are not in phase with the increase in UV-B flux at the ground due to the decrease of ozone column in the stratosphere. The variation of SO2 column is explained by the downward shift of penetration depth of UV-B radiation during the ozone-hole event.
Trends in the polar sea ice coverage under climate change scenario
Authors: PRABHU AMITA , MAHAJAN P.N. , KHALADKAR R.M.
Published: December 2021

The development in the satellite microwave technology during the past three decades has offered an opportunity to the scientific community to access the sea ice data over the polar regions, which was otherwise inaccessible for continuous monitoring by any other means. The present study focuses on the trends in the Sea Ice Extent (SIE) over different sectors of the Arctic and the Antarctic regions and the interannual variability in their extremes. In general, the data over the period (1979-2007) reveal marked interannual variability in the sea ice cover with an increasing and the decreasing trend over the Antarctic and the Arctic region respectively. Over the southern hemisphere, only the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas sector shows an exceptional decreasing trend. However, in the northern hemisphere, all the sectors show a decreasing trend, with the Kara and Barents Seas sector being the most prominent one. Although, the decreasing trend of the SIE over the Arctic could be attributed to the global warming, an intriguing question still remains as to why the other polar region shows a different behaviour.
Applications of satellite imageries for prediction of severe weather events along Maitri, Antarctica
Authors: SHARMA A.K.
Published: December 2021

The present paper is an attempt to educate the weather forecaster at Indian Scientific research Station, Maitri, Antarctica in forecasting severe weather (blizzards) using satellite images of various satellites operating in the world. The Polar stationary satellite ‘Trianna’ has been discussed .The availability of the various types of images has also been spelt. The characteristics of satellite images has been described along with overlaying of Automatic Weather station (AWS) data explaining the occurrence of Katabatic winds which also causes blizzards. Blizzard conditions often develop on the northwest side of an intense storm system the difference between the lower pressure in the storm and the higher pressure to the west creates a tight pressure gradient, which in turn results in very strong winds or blizzards. The paper also discusses about the development that took place in Antarctic satellite meteorology since beginning.
High resolution climate reconstructions of recent warming using instrumental and ice core records from coastal Antarctica
Authors: THAMBAN MELOTH , S.NAIK SUSHANT , LALURAJ C.M. , RAVINDRA R.
Published: December 2021

In-situ observational record of Antarctic surface temperatures is rather sparse. Proxy based ice core studies are thus critical for reconstructing the past climate change on centennial and decadal time scales. The present study review the available instrumental and proxy records from the Dronning Maud Land region of East Antarctica as well as report recent evidences of Antarctic climate change and its global linkages. The monthly mean air temperature records of the Novolazarevskaya (Novo) station, which is the longest (since 1961) and continuous meteorological record in this region, revealed a significant warming trend at a rate of 0.25 °C / decade. To understand the spatial and temporal consistency of this warming, well-dated ice cores from the coastal Dronning Maud Land region were assessed. All proxy records consistently suggest an enhanced warming up to +0.12 °C / decade. This is further supported by a recent assessment of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope proxy records from two high resolution ice cores (IND-25/B5 and IND-22/B4) from this region. Among these records, the IND-25/B5 provided ultra-high-resolution data for the past 100 years (1905-2005) and the IND-22/B4 core represented the past ~470 years (1530-2002) of Antarctic change. These ice records provided insights on the influence of solar forcing on Antarctic climate system as well as its linkages with the tropical and mid-latitude climatic modes like the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The calculated surface air temperatures using these records showed a warming by 0.06-0.1 °C / decade, with greatly enhanced warming during the past several decades (~0.4 °C / decade). It is confirmed that the coastal areas of Dronning Maud Land are indeed warming and the trend is apparently enhancing in the recent decades.
Assessment of water requirement of tobacco at Rajamundry (Andhra Pradesh)
Authors: RAJAVEL M. , SAMUI R.P. , KANADE K.G.
Published: December 2021

Water use, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) oftobacco varieties grown during rabi 1979 to 1988 at Rajamundry had been studied. The yield of tobacco was linearly andsignificantly correlated with amount of rainfall, water use and WRSI. The total amount of rainfall during growing seasonwas inadequate to meet the crop water requirements and these were partially met from stored soil moisture from previouskharif season. The excess rain during ripening stage of tobacco adversely affected the leaf yield and quality.The amount of water consumed varied between 110.0 to 186.6 mm for CTRI Special, 86.8 to 184.0 mm forJayashri. The mean WUE was found to be 6.1 and 6.4 kg/ha/mm respectively for CTRI Special and Jayashri. Themaximum amount of water consumed was 81.2 mm (i.e., 58.7%) during grand growth stage, followed by 36.5 mm(26.5%) during establishment stage and comparatively less (20.6mm) during maturity stage (14.8%). The average Kcvalue was maximum (0.5) during grand growth stage. WRSI showed decreasing trend from sowing towards maturity andthe rate of decrease was high in grand growth stage due to peak water consumption and less rainfall.
Floods in Karnataka during 2009 : A synoptic study
Authors: PUTTANNA B. , AGNIHOTRI GEETA
Published: December 2021

Karnataka a State in south peninsular India receives 73% of its annual rainfall during southwestmonsoon season. Because of the complex physiographical features, the rainfall pattern over the State shows large spatialvariation from 50 to 350 cms. The coefficient of interannual variation of the monsoon rainfall is about 15% over coastalKarnataka (CK) and between 20-30% over interior Karnataka. The precipitation over this State is mainly dominated bysemi permanent systems like off shore trough running along the west coast, low pressure systems forming over the Bay ofBengal during the monsoon season. A well marked low pressure area during 28 September - 3 October 2009 over the Bayof Bengal caused widespread damage to life and property in north Karnataka. In this study, an attempt has been made toexamine the synoptic features of this system that caused heavy rainfall over many districts of the State leading towidespread destruction.
An integrated automatic aviation meteorological instrument system at C. S. I. airport, Mumbai
Authors: HOSALIKAR K.S. , MOHAN K.N. , VASHISHTA R.D. , TYAGI AJIT
Published: December 2021

An ‘Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological Instrument System’ (IAAMS) is installed atMumbai International Airport in May-2008. The system is State-of-the-Art and has features like automatic generation ofaviation reports; METAR / SPECI, AFTN (Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network) connectivity fordissemination of aviation weather reports to user agencies and ATIS (Automatic Terminal Interface System) forautomatic broadcasting of aviation weather reports to airborne pilot. Besides these features system is having facility toenter manually weather parameter for which sensors are not available such as cloud coverage, past weather, presentweather for generation of aviation reports. The system meets the requirements of operational desirable accuracy ofInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, 2004) and vector averaging of winds as per World MeteorologicalOrganization guidelines (WMO, 1992). The paper is mainly focusing on the different technical features of this newsystem along with its observational response in last one year at Mumbai airport. Similar system has been installed at othermajor airports; New Delhi (4 sites), Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Amritsar, Jaipur, and Guwahati. The system issupplied and installed by Telvent Company, Australia.
Study of GPS Radiosonde observation system in Goa
Authors: METRI S.M.
Published: December 2021

Meteorological Radiosonde in the past used to apply navigation system to rout to determine the upper air pressure, temperature, humidity and the wind data through Radars. In this paper GPS Radiosonde test has been recently introduced in IMD is studied. The observations taken from M2K2 Radiosonde have been discussed. GPS Radiosonde obtains wind data as well.
Climatology at any point : A neural network solution
Authors: GUHATHAKURTA PULAK , TYAGI AJIT , MUKHOPADHYAY B.
Published: December 2021

lHkh mi;ksxdrkZvksa] ;kstuk cukus okyksa] vkink izca/ku dkfeZdksa] i;ZVu vkfn }kjk rkieku] vf/kdre rkieku] U;wure rkieku] ok;qeaMyh; nkc] o"kkZ vkfn tSls ekSle izkpyksa dh tyok;q foKku ij lwpukvksa dh mUur tkudkjh dh vR;kf/kd ek¡x jgh gSA fdlh LFkku fo'ks"k esa os/k’kkyk ds vHkko vkSj dHkh&dHkh nh?kZ vof/k ds igys ds vk¡dM+ksa dh vuqiyC/krk ds dkj.k ekSle foKku leqnk; ml LFkku fo’ks"k ds fy, visf{kr lwpukvksa dks miyC/k ugha djk ikrk gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa LFkkfud varosZ’ku ds {ks= esa U;wjy usVodZ ds rqyukRed u, vuqiz;ksx crk, x, gSaA iwjs ckjg eghuksa ds vf/kdre vkSj U;wure nksuksa rkiekuksa  ds fy, U;wjy usVodZ varosZ’ku fun’kZ fodflr fd, x, gSaA ;g ekWMy ml LFkku fo’ks"k ij lkekU; vf/kdre vkSj U;wure rkiekuksa dks rS;kj djus ds fy, lwpukvksa ds :i  esa v{kka’k] ns’kkUrj vkSj mUu;u tSlh HkkSxksfyd lwpukvksa dk mi;ksx djrk gSA varosZ’ku ds fy, LFkkfud ekWMyksa ds fu"iknuksa dh rqyuk vU; lkekU;r% iz;qDr i)fr ds lkFk dh xbZ gSA

Advance knowledge of information on  climatology of meteorological parameters like temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall etc are of great demands from all the users, planners, disaster managements personals, tourism etc. The information is required at the place concerned but this cannot be fulfilled by the meteorological community due to absent of observatory at that place and also some time absent of past data of long period. The present paper has described a comparatively new application of the neural network in the field of spatial interpolation. Neural network interpolation models are developed for both maximum and minimum temperatures for all the twelve months. The model utilizes geographical information like latitude, longitude and elevation as inputs to generate normal maximum and minimum temperatures at a place. The performances of the models are compared with the other commonly used method for spatial interpolation.
Some statistical characteristics of occurrence of fog over Patna airport
Authors: LASKAR S.I. , BHOWMIK S.K.ROY , SINHA VIVEK
Published: December 2021

bl 'kks/k i= esa o"kZ 2000 ls 2010 rd 10 o"kksZa ds uoacj ls Qjojh ekg  dh vof/k ds vk¡dMksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, iVuk gokbZ vMMs ij Nkus okys dqgjs dh lkaf[;dh; fo’ks"krkvksa tSls & dksgjk Nkus dh ckjEckjrk] Nkus dk le;] vof/k] l?kurk rFkk folfjr gksus ds le; dk  v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ls izkIr gq, ifj.kke ls irk pyk gS fd foxr 10 o"kksZa ds nkSjku iVuk gokbZ vMMs ij pkjksa gh eghuksa esa dqgjs dh ckjEckjrk  esa o"kZ 1961&90 rFkk 1951&80 ds tyok;fodh esa miyC/k flukWfIVd rFkk rRdkfyd ekSkle izs{k.kksa dh rqyuk esa fo’ks"k :i ls o`f) gqbZ gSA iVuk gokbZ vMMs ij dqgjk Nkus dk lcls vuqdwy eghuk fnlEcj vkSj mlds ckn tuojh dk ekuk x;k gsA fnlacj vkSj tuojh ds eghuksa esa 5 ?kaVsa ls vf/kd vof/k rd  dqgjk Nkus dh vko`fRr  dh izfr’kr~rk vf/kdre jgh gS tcfd uoacj ,oa Qjojh ds eghuksa esa 2 ?kaVs ls de vof/k dh vko`fRr lcls vf/kd jgh gSA dqgjk dk cuuk vDlj 0000&0200 ;w-Vh-lh- ds nkSjku vkSj bldk {k; gksuk  0200&0500 ;w- Vh- lh- ds nkSjku ns[kk x;k gSA cgqr ?kus dqgjs dh vf/kdre vko`fRr & izfr’krrk uoacj ekg esa ns[kh xbZ gSA fnlacj vkSj tuojh ds eghuksa dh vf/kdrj fLFkfr;ksa esa 1200 ;w-Vh-ij vxyh jkr@lqcg ds le; iMs+ dksgjs ds jsfM;ksa lkSans ds vk¡dMksa ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj fd, x, dqgjk LFkkf;Ro lwpdkad ¼,Q-,l-vkbZ-½ 40 ls de ik;k x;k gSA

 In this paper some statistical characteristics of fog, such as frequencies of occurrence, time of onset, duration, intensity and time of dispersal  over Patna airport are studied  making use of 10 years data for the period November-February, 2000-2010.  The result shows that during the last ten years frequency of fog over Patna airport has increased significantly in all the four months as compared to the climatology based on available synoptic and current weather observations during 1961-90 and 1951-80. The most favourable month for occurrence of fog over Patna airport has been identified as December followed by January. Percentage frequency is highest for duration of fog for more than 5 hours in the months of December and January whereas in the months of November and February frequency is highest for duration less than 2 hours. The formation of fog mostly observed during 0000-0200 UTC and dissipation during 0200-0500 UTC. Percentage frequency of very thick fog was found to be highest in the month of November. In the   months of December and January in most of the cases Fog Stability Index (FSI) based on 1200 UTC radiosonde data leading to occurrence of fog during following night/morning has been found to be less than 40.
KAZINMIŞ ASFALT MALZEMELERİN BETON KARIŞIMINDA İNCE AGREGA YERİNE İKAME EDİLMESİNİN FARKLI ORTAM ISISI ALTINDAKİ BETONLARIN BASINÇ DAYANIMLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: ŞAHAN M. Fatih , CANPOLAT Uğur
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada ömrünü tamamlamış, karayolu kaplamalarının kazınması sonucu ortaya çıkan kazınmış asfalt malzemelerin (KAM) hiçbir işlemden geçirilmeksizin sadece elenmek suretiyle beton karışımında ince agrega yerine kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, ince agrega yerine toplam beton hacminin % 5, 10, 15 ve 20 oranlarında ince KAM ikame edilerek 100 mm’lik küp numuneler üretilmiştir. Kür sonunda sudan çıkarılan numuneler 24 saat süreyle farklı ortam ısılarında, bir set 25°C, bir set 50°C ve bir set de 75°C ısıda bekletilmiştir. Basınç testleri sonucunda gerek ince KAM ikamesinin artması gerekse ortam ısının artması ile basınç dayanımında azalmalar gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ince KAM katkılı betonların üretilebileceğini ve kullanılacağını göstermiştir. İnce KAM’ın betonda kullanılması ile karayollarının yenilenmesi veya tamiri sonuncunda ortaya çıkan atıkların maliyetsiz olarak geri dönüştürülmesi sağlanmış olunacaktır. Böylece hem ülke ekonomisine katkıda bulunulacak hemde doğal agrega kaynaklarının hızlı tükenmesi engellenecek ve doğal ortamın korunmasına katkı sağlanacaktır.
MARKETING CHANNEL OF THE TILAPIA IN HARAU SUB DISTRICT
Authors: Indah Kemala Sari Regia
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the flow of tilapia trade in Harau Regency and the function of the trading system carried out in marketing tilapia in Harau Regency. The research was conducted in Solok Bio-Bio Village, Harau Sub District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The research sample was tilapia cultivation farmers selected by random sampling and tilapia marketing channels in Solok Bio Bio Village, Harau Sub District, namely traders and retailers using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that there were three patterns of tilapia marketing channels in Harau Sub District, namely Channel 0: Farmers → Final consumers; Channel II: Farmers → Retailers → Final consumers; Channel III : Farmers → wholesalers → Retailer → Final Consumers. The trading functions carried out include the functions of selling, buying, grading, transporting, storing and facilitating.
IDENTIFICATION OF BUSINESS CONSTRAINTS AND MARKETING OF POTATOES IN ACEH'S GAYO HIGHLANDS
Authors: Nurmala Nurmala , Zahara Hafni , Sullaida Sullaida , Jamilah Jamilah
Published: December 2021

This study aims to identify the constraints on potato farming and marketing in the Gayo Highlands of Aceh. The research sample consisted of potato farmers and traders who were involved in potato marketing in Bener Meriah Regency. Determination of the sample of traders is done by snowball sampling technique. The identification of constraints uses a qualitative descriptive approach, while the income analysis uses an analysis of costs and farm revenues. The results showed that there were constraints in potato farming in the form of wilt disease which caused potatoes to be harvested immediately and the fruit produced was smaller. This will have an impact on decreasing the income of potato farming. The relatively high use of pesticides during the rainy season has implications for increasing the cost of potato farming, on the other hand the difficulty of accessing capital causes farmers to enter into potato farming partnerships with collector traders with the provision that potato marketing must be done to these traders. The development of potato farming in the Gayo Highlands of Aceh has encountered several obstacles including fluctuations in potato prices, lack of weed control which has implications for decreasing potato productivity, difficulty in accessing capital which will determine the sustainability of farming, income and farmers' welfare. farmers, namely selling potatoes through collectors, through wholesalers, and selling directly to consumers. Factors that determine farmers' decisions in marketing potatoes are the selling price, farm capital assistance, farm location, and potato quality. Direct marketing of potatoes (3rd type) to consumers is more efficient than other potato marketing channels because it can reduce farming and marketing costs. However this is rare and the sales volume of potatoes is very small.
Academic Self Concept and Academic Achievement of Indian CBSE School Students
Authors: Iyengar R. Gayatri , Gouri G. Padma , Kumar Mahendra , Yanjana
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Student’s self-concept about their academic capabilities plays an important role in academic achievement. Main objective of the study was to examine the relationship between academic self-concept and academic achievement. Methods: The sample (Male 261, Female 320, aged 17-19 years) were drawn from 15 secondary schools affiliated with CBSE board, India. Academic achievement was measured by self-reported CGPA of the previous year. Academic self-concept was measured by Kample and Naik Academic Self Concept Scale (ASCS). Data obtained was analyzed with the help of SPSS (16th, version) and JASP (Version 0.14.1). Results: Measurement model for ASCS was excellent fit in the samples [GFI=9971, CFI=.926, TLI=.897, RMSEA=1173(90%CI: Lower-0.1019: Upper-0.1333) and SRMR=0.0445].The result of the study revealed that there was a positive relationship between academic self-concept and academic achievement(r=117) and this relationship was stronger for male students (r=0.125) than that of female students (r = .091). Academic self-concept accounted for 12.5% of the variance in the academic achievement. Moreover, gender differences in the academic self-concept of the students were also found (P= 0.01). Conclusions: This finding suggests that students performed academically better when they had good level of academic self-concept. Female students had significantly higher academic self-concept than male students.
Inclusive curriculum and BAME student advocacy in a business school: reflections on three years of inclusive module reviews
Authors: de Sousa Sara , Fatilewa Omotolani , Mistry Tejal
Published: December 2021

This article presents a case study of BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) student advocacy and its impact upon the curriculum of a large business school within a post-92 UK university. Learning from the University of Birmingham's (2017) ‘BME Ambassador Scheme’ and
the ‘Curriculum Consultants’ model at Kingston University (2017), a programme of BAME Student Advocates was established in 2018 across this university, to raise issues of race equity with staff in positions of power. The scheme has grown from 10 BAME Student Advocates in 2018 to
14 in 2020, offering student advocacy on many aspects of university life, including employability services, the learning environment, academic skills workshops, student community and belonging, and the undergraduate curriculum. The role-holder is employed by the central Student Success Team,
and partners with a senior member of staff in each academic school (and several other business functions) to collaborate on specific race equity objectives each year. One recurring aspect of the role involves offering diverse student perspectives on module content, delivery and assessment
to achieve a more inclusive curriculum design for programmes with the largest awarding gaps. This article reflects upon the outcomes and lessons learned through conducting 24 such module reviews over a three-year period within a business school and proposes potential future developments.
La evaluación de competencias en titulaciones Jurídico-Laborales
Authors: Pérez Campos Ana Isabel
Published: December 2021

Resumen: El modelo de evaluación centrado en la adquisición de competencias genéricas y específicas representa uno de los cambios más significativos del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El profesorado universitario se enfrenta con un conjunto de competencias, excesivamente amplio, cuya definición entiende con dificultades, pidiéndosele al tiempo que diseñe aquellas metodologías docentes, actividades formativas y sistemas de evaluación que posibiliten a los alumnos la adquisición de tales competencias, en los denominados resultados de aprendizaje.   Este estudio tiene como objetivo prioritario el tratar de determinar cómo han de valorarse y evaluarse las competencias adquiridas por los alumnos en titulaciones jurídico-laborales. Y, más específicamente a dilucidar si los resultados conseguidos en los últimos años, con la modificación de las metodologías docentes y los sistemas de evaluación han sido realmente tan eficaces como se esperaba.Abstract: The evaluation model focused on the acquisition of generic and specific skills represents one of the most significant changes in the European Higher Education Area. The university faculty is faced with a set of competencies, excessively broad, whose definition understands with difficulties, asking at the same time to design those methodologies, technologies and means of evaluation that enable students to acquire such skills in the so-called learning outcomes.  This study has as a priority objective to try to determine how the skills acquired by students in legal-labor qualifications should be assessed. And, more specifically to elucidate whether the results achieved in a few years with the modification of teaching methodologies have been really as positive as expected.
Acerca de la recepción del Derecho Romano en la China actual
Authors: Blanch Nougués José María
Published: December 2021

El artículo aborda la importante recepción del Derecho Romano en la República Popular China a lo largo de las últimas décadas, el cual, reelaborado por la pandectística alemana, es objeto hoy en día de estudio en los planes docentes de numerosas Facultades de Derecho de este país, y ha aportado a la doctrina actual un universo de términos jurídicos, conceptos y categorías jurídicas que se han recogido en la nueva legislación, sobre todo la relativa al Derecho Civil.
Metas académicas de los estudiantes de secundaria de la IED Pestalozzi jornada vespertina
Authors: Angulo Cetarez Marlon
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación va orientada a comparar las metas académicas de hombres y mujeres de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Distrital Pestalozzi (jornada vespertina) de la ciudad de Barranquilla-Colombia, medidas a partir de los factores metas de aprendizaje, metas de logro y metas de refuerzo social. Son fundamentales los factores anteriores porque en el caso de la motivación tiene un efecto sobre la implicación del alumno en su proceso de aprendizaje (mucha implicación = afrontamiento activo; poca o nula implicación = afrontamiento pasivo), lo cual significa que cuanta más intensa y potente sea la intención de aprender, más se implicará en su aprendizaje, es decir, jugará un papel más activo y dedicará más tiempo y esfuerzo a estudiar y trabajar (Abellán, 2018, pág. 115).

Se recolecta información a través de un cuestionario realizado a un grupo de estudiantes seleccionados con muestreo aleatorio simple entre los 14 y 18 años, utilizando la metodología cuantitativa para procesarlos y analizar los resultados obtenidos. Este trabajo se desarrolla por etapas: inicia con la revisión de la literatura que concierne a los factores de aprendizaje, conociendo investigaciones previas llevadas a cabo en este campo y aterrizándolas en el marco teórico de esta investigación; un segundo momento expone la forma como se llevará a cabo la investigación a través del instrumento de medida (cuestionario) con el respectivo análisis estadístico; y por último, un análisis en la discusión, terminando la conclusión con las propuestas y futuros trabajos de investigación. En la referencia bibliográfica se indican textos, revistas y sitios web utilizados en este trabajo.
Filogenia del reino Chromista
Authors: Monterroza Edy Luz , Orozco Cepeda Melissa , Otero Rodríguez Wendy Paola , Aranguren Díaz Yani
Published: December 2021

La clasificación de los organismos vivos ha sido modificada numerosas veces, debido a que algunos grupos han sido difíciles de catalogar. Actualmente se reconocen siete reinos: Animalia, Plantea, Protozoa, Fungí, Archaea, Bacteria y Chromista. Este último es un grupo polifilético, muy variable morfológicamente, importante en ecosistemas marinos.

La filogénia molecular permite clasificar de acuerdo con relaciones de parentesco. En este estudio se analizó la región ITS para verificar las relaciones entre diferentes filos del reino Chromista. Se seleccionaron 46 secuencias de ADN de especies diferentes de las bases de datos, se procesaron y analizaron, empleando métodos bioinformáticos de distancia y filogenia. Todos los dendrogramas mostraron una distribución de especies de acuerdo con la clasificación vigente, evidenciando que los chromistas forman un linaje diferente de los protozoos. Finalmente, es necesario realizar más estudios para descifrar mejor la evolución, fisiología y ecología; y así desarrollar estrategias de conservación, manejo y biotecnologías.
QUESTIONÁRIO PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DOS OBSTÁCULOS EM PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS: ESTUDO VOLTADO AO RAMO DO TURISMO EM ADVENTO DA COVID19
Authors: Carvalho Higor , COLENCI TREVELIN Ana Tereza , Macedo Abner
Published: December 2021

Mediante os grandes transtornos ocasionados pela COVID19 no mundo, o trade turístico sofreu severos impactos econômicos e financeiros. O presente artigo buscou na literatura elementos e variáveis que representam as principais dificuldades enfrentadas principalmente por pequenas e médias empresas. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica e revisão de escopo, realizadas nas bases Scopus, Scielo e Web of Science, utilizando-se descritores relacionados ao fenômeno estudado, algumas características que representam obstáculos, tais como, restrições governamentais, distanciamento social, adequação aos protocolos sanitários, necessidade de inserção ou aumento de presença digital e a necessidade de buscar habilidades e comportamentos empreendedores, foram analisadas e caracterizadas. Posteriormente, essas variáveis foram compiladas num questionário semiestruturado, validado por especialistas do turismo, principalmente sob a perspectiva de agências de turismo. Os principais resultados apontam para a busca por treinamentos especializados, por linhas de fomento como ação de contenção, aperfeiçoamento do modelo de gestão, principalmente nos aspectos de marketing, finanças e jurídico, sendo complementados por ajustes logísticos e operacionais como ações elementares para a retomada econômica. As principais limitações estão relacionadas a quantidade de bases analisadas, podendo ser expandidas, variações nos descritores também representam uma limitação e pelo tema ser incipiente. Como sugestão de futuros estudos, recomenda-se a aplicação do questionário desenvolvido, na modalidade survey, para diagnosticar a percepção dos impactos sob a perspectiva de diferentes stakeholders. O artigo contribui com o diagnóstico de importantes impactos econômicos e financeiros num dos setores mais afetados pela pandemia COVID-19, oferecendo insights e uma visão macro da situação atual.
Effect of ethanol treatment on morphological and technical properties of corn starch
Authors: Nguyen Dang My Duyen  , Nguyen Quang Duy  , Ly Ngoc Bin
Published: December 2021

Solvent exchange is considered an effective method that changes the physicochemical properties of starch, especially the absorption. Ethanol concentration is one of the important influencing factors to form porous pores from the surface to inside starch granules. In this study, the effect of ethanol concentration on technical properties of starch treated by solvents were investigated.

The ratio of ethanol/water was prepared at 1/9, 3/7, 5/5, 7/3 and 10/0 (w/w), respectively. Corn starch was treated by solvent at 8% concentration. Morphology, oil and water holding capacity, solubility, swelling power, viscosity, and transmittance were studied to elucidate the effect of the ethanol concentration on the morphological and technical properties of corn starch treated by solvent. As a result, starch treated by solvent with different concentrations tended to form wrinkles and pore from the surface to the inside of the starch granules during ethanol immersion. Therefore, the oil and water holding capacity, solubility, swelling and viscosity of the solvent-treated starch samples increase as the concentration of ethanol increases. Otherwise, the transmittance of starch glues tends to decrease when the ethanol concentration increases.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial activity of copper(II)-curcumin complex against staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Le Dang Khoa  , Hoang Minh Hao
Published: December 2021

Curcumin, a phytochemical from turmeric, and its derivatives have been extensively investigated from both chemical and biological strategies. However, the main problem encountered while using curcumin in clinical trials is its poor solubility and rapid degradation, resulting in its low levels in tissues, thus decreasing the medicinal effect of curcumin. To overcome these problems several synthetic approaches have been carried out to prepare new derivatives possessing better properties. Curcumin as a β-diketone ligand can act as chelating ligands toward a variety of metals to form stable complexes. Some studies showed that a metal-curcumin complex displayed potential medicinal activities. In this work, a copper(II)-curcumin complex was synthesized in a two-step procedure: (i) curcumin was separated from commercial turmeric powder using chromatography techniques and (ii) the copper(II) chloride (1 eq.) and pure curcumin (2 eq.) were mixed together in ethanol. The mixture was stirred at 60 oC for 3 hours to afford a stoichiometric copper(II)-curcumin complex.  The curcumin ligand and its copper(II) complex were characterized by UV-Vis, IR, NMR spectroscopic methods, from which it was found that copper atoms are coordinated through keto-enol groups of two curcumin molecules. The ground state spectral features of the copper(II)-curcumin complex were consistent with that of the 1:2 copper(II)-curcumin complex. The antibacterial activities of curcumin ligand and its complex were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) using a well diffusion method on nutrient agar. The results showed that the inhibitory activity was not observed for free curcumin at any concentrations while the copper(II)-curcumin complex exhibited the inhibition zones (mm) of 7.8, 11.6 and 14.9 at various concentrations (mg/mL) of 1.0, 5.0 and 15.0, respectively.
Effect of treatment condition on perovskite film for perovskite solar cell application
Authors: Ho Phuong
Published: December 2021

In this study, the Perovskite material CH3NH3PbI3 was prepared using two-step sequential solution deposition technique. The treatment condition for Perovskite film including dipping duration, reaction temperature and annealing temperature was studied. Crystal structure, grain size, and purity of the prepared material were examined using XRD and SEM methods. The results indicate that controlling treatment condition has a significant effect on the crystallinity and purity of Perovskite film. Under suitable condition, the obtained Perovskite material has a tetragonal structure and grain size ranges from 200 to 400 nm. The Perovskite film was then applied as a light-harvesting material in Perovskite solar cell. The device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 5.18% with JSC of 13.6 mA cm-2, VOC of 0.83 V, and fill factor of 45.9%.
Temporal variation of tropospheric NO2 columns in Vietnam during 2015–2020
Authors: Nguyen Ha Trang  , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Nam
Published: December 2021

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere can be measured using the tropospheric NO2 columns, indicating the number of molecules of NO2 in an atmospheric column from the ground surface to the top of the atmosphere above a square centimeter of the surface. In this study, the temporal variations of tropospheric NO2 columns in Vietnam during 2015–2020 were investigated. To do this, data on the columnar NO2 obtained from the Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) onboard the NASA’s Earth orbiting satellite Aura were used. Consequently, northeastern Vietnam showed the highest values of the tropospheric NO2 columns over the whole study period (2015–2020), suggesting that this area would be a hot spot of NO2 pollution in Vietnam. In addition, the lowest and highest mean levels of columnar NO2 were found in 2020 and 2016, respectively. However, there is no statistical significance among the columnar NO2 in 2015–2020. Regarding the monthly variation, March and April exhibited the highest levels of tropospheric NO2 columns, which would be affected by frequent combustion activities (e.g., post-harvesting combustion) and meteorological conditions, such as lower air temperature. Results of this study can contribute to an understanding of NO2 pollution in Vietnam over long period.
Are the Performances Broadcast Online Theatrical Performances? (Once Again on the Structural Differences Between the Stage and the Screen)
Authors:   “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Hristakiev Krasimir
Published: December 2021

This article is an attempt to bring principled clarity to the recent disputes over the nature of theatrical art on the occasion of the general closure of the theatres after March 2020 (as an anti-epidemic measure in the COVID-19 crisis) and the alternative broadcasts of online performances. For a number of theoretical and practical reasons, and based on various examples, we maintain the understanding that with each shooting and broadcasting of a theatrical production a process of approaching the cinema begins – the erasure of its own theatrical quality occurs at the beginning of the process.
The Debate Between Toncho Zhechev and Iskra Panova – the End of the Discussions with a Privileged Point of View in the History of Bulgarian Philosophy
Authors:   ", Tsatsov Dimiter ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

The article draws attention to situations within certain local traditions and experiences, such as the debates about the leading position of certain theories in the history of Bulgarian philosophy.
Constitutional Reform, Change of the System and Choices Maximizing Social Utility Function
Authors:   ", Buzova Pepa ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

The paper provides a critical analysis of J. Buchanan’s project of constitutional political economy. It is considered in order to make sense of the present-day political and social crisis in Bulgaria. This innovative project for liberalism proposes a more adequate version of the contractual theory through constitutional rules that determine the rational construction of the state and the common life of the people. They choose to obey these rules, guided by the idea of maximizing the social function of benefit. In the search of a path to social change in Bulgaria, we can learn from the conservative elements in the conception of Buchanan and his followers.
Ex Occidente Lux. From Phenomenology of Myth to Geopolitics and Ontology and Vice Versa in the Late Works of Janko Janeff
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Benchev Kosta
Published: December 2021

Janko Janeff’s book Southeast Europe and the German Spirit (1938) is analyzed through the lens of a fundamental Thracian-Dionysian- Orphic myth, i.e. the birth of being or of light from non-being/nothing/ darkness. It is shown how its geopolitical and ontological/theological consequences are to be drawn accordingly to that purely phenomenological premise concerning the supposed Indo-European Renaissance on the Old Continent as per the views expressed by the author.
The Virtual Applications in Support of the Studying in the Field of Visual Arts
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Stoyanova Marina
Published: December 2021

Art education is based upon learning about cultural heritage and art masterpieces mostly through reproductions. The development of virtual and mixed reality platforms leads to variety of more and more learning apps that allow the students and pupils to explore different museum collections, antic cities and treasures from all around the world without leaving their classroom. This leads to a better quality of education for those who can’t afford to see the originals or have some disabilities. Those apps can help understanding complicated conceptions and display facts in more attractive ways. But their implementation in learning process should be supervised from teachers and professors because it can also lead to misunderstanding, if they are not chosen wisely for the purpose of the lesson or audience.
Painting as a continuous script. Protocols for an idea
Authors:   ", Alexandrov Bogdan ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

Every knowledge, every understanding or attempt to arrange the world usually carries within it a certain degree of change, of recreation. Given the general nature of reality, the artist’s accumulated subjective experience is the only possible guide, landmark, or main source of knowledge. An idea is the notion of some thing initself. The ideas and thinking of the world in metaphors make the connection between art and reality, between the integral and the multiple, but also between the real and the imaginary. The artistic effort is reduced to the search for ways to translate, to draw, to express things through forms, giving them both universal validity and individuality. The text protocols a subjective/author’s project from the idea to the realization.