bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the impact of enhanced input on inclusion at pre‐service and induction phases on the self‐efficacy of beginning teachers to work effectively with children with special educational needs
Authors: Mintz Joseph
Published: October 2018

There is a well‐founded assumption in the literature that the first year of teaching presents challenges to beginning teachers. However, few studies have looked empirically at how beginning teacher perceptions about teaching ability change from the pre‐service to the novice teacher year. This is particularly the case for inclusive education, where no substantive empirical studies have measured such a change in teacher perceptions across these phases of teacher development. This study tracks changes in the perceived self‐efficacy of teachers in relation to working effectively with children with special educational needs (n = 67) following an inclusion‐enhancement programme in the pre‐service phase and enriched induction on inclusion in the novice teacher phase. The study employed a repeated panel survey design with an intervention and comparison group. A critique is made of the domain specificity of current measures used for considering self‐efficacy for inclusion, and an alternative approach proposed. Results indicate that there were relative gains in self‐efficacy from the start to the end of the pre‐service teacher year due to the enhancement programme, and that these gains were maintained in the novice teacher year. However, there was no evidence that the induction enrichment had any impact on self‐efficacy in this domain. Implications for the timing and intensity of induction for beginning teachers, as well as for future research directions on teacher education, are considered.
Systematic review of the safety and efficacy of osseointegration prosthesis after limb amputation
Authors: Kunutsor S K , Gillatt D , Blom A W
Published: October 2018

Background

Osseointegration, an approach for direct skeletal attachment of a prosthesis to an amputated limb, may address many of the problems associated with socket prostheses. The safety of osseointegration remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to summarize evidence on functional and clinical outcomes, as well as adverse effects of osseointegration for patients with a limb amputation.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched to April 2018. Eligible studies were observational, case and qualitative studies, and RCTs conducted in patients with a limb amputation, who were managed with osseointegrated prostheses and had follow-up data.

Results

Twenty-two eligible articles comprising 13 unique studies were included. No RCT was identified. Apart from three case reports that comprised one to five patients, the sample size of studies ranged from 11 to 100 participants. All relevant studies reported improvement in functional outcomes (walking ability, prosthetic use and mobility), satisfaction and quality of life following osseointegration, compared with their preoperative status or when using a conventional socket prosthesis. Infection rates ranged from 1 (95 per cent c.i. 0 to 5) to 77 (59 to 88) per cent. The majority of infections were described as low-grade soft tissue or superficial infections related to the skin–implant interface, and were treated effectively with antibiotics. None of the studies reported additional amputation or death as a result of osseointegration.

Conclusion

Osseointegration after limb amputation improves prosthetic use, comfort when sitting, walking ability, mobility, gait and quality of life. However, it is associated with an increased risk of soft tissue infection.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with gastric neuroendocrine tumors: A population‐based study
Authors: Tian Fang‐Xi , Cai Yu‐Qing , Zhuang Lv‐Ping , Chen Ming‐Fang , Xiu Zhong‐Biao , Zhang Yi , Liu Hong , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Liu Guo‐Ping , Zeng Chen , Lin Fei‐Ling , Liu Jing , Huang Si‐Ting , Zhang Liang‐Zhi , Lin Hua‐Yang
Published: October 2018

Background

Despite its rarity, studies have shown the incidence of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (G‐NETs) is increasing. This study investigated the risk factors affecting the survival of G‐NETs patients and their prognosis over time.

Method

A retrospective analysis of 506 G‐NETs patients who underwent surgery for nonmetastatic disease from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database from 1988 to 2011 was conducted. Multivariate Cox regression analyses identified the prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS). Three‐year conditional survival (COS3 and CDS3) estimates at “x” year after treatment were calculated as follows: COS3 = OS(x + 3)/OS(x) and CDS3 = DSS(x + 3)/DSS(x).

Results

The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates of all patients after surgery were 90.2%, 77.3%, and 68.8%, respectively. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year DSS rates after surgery were 93.9%, 84.5%, and 80.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, age, tumor grade, and T stage were independent prognostic factors of OS and DSS (all P < 0.05). With 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survivorship, the COS3 improved by +5.2 (82.2%), +7.2 (84.4%), and +8.5 (85.5%), respectively, and the CDS3 improved by +4.4 (89.4%), +9.1 (94.1%), and +12.5 (97.5%), respectively. Notably, the CDS3 improved dramatically among patients with advanced stage disease (eg, N0 stage: 93.0%‐98.9%, Δ5.9% vs N1 stage: 52.0%‐95.7%, Δ43.7%).

Conclusion

For G‐NETs patients, age, tumor grade, T stage, and N stage were the clinicopathological factors significantly associated with prognosis. There were excellent outcomes for most G‐NETs patients, with a CDS3 of greater than 90% across all independent prognostic factors after 5 years of survival.
Postoperative chemotherapy had no prognostic effect on early‐staged young ovarian cancer with unilateral resection
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Shuoer , Zhao SongJiao , Sun Yidi , Yang Gong
Published: October 2018

Postoperative chemotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of early‐staged ovarian cancer patients underwent unilateral resection, but the clinical decision mainly depends on the doctor’s experience without a well‐defined guideline. This study used propensity score matching to analyze the effect of postoperative chemotherapy for early‐staged ovarian cancer patients underwent unilateral resection on prognosis. Patients of age 50 or younger than 50 with early‐staged ovarian cancer were explored from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database during 2000‐2018. Propensity score matching was used to randomize the dataset and reduce the selection biases. Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the necessity of chemotherapy. In univariate analysis of matched population, both the overall survival and cancer‐specific survival analysis showed that chemotherapy had no effect on the prognosis of early‐staged young ovarian cancer patients (Overall survival, P = 0.477; Cancer‐specific survival, P = 0.950). In propensity‐adjusted multivariate analysis, chemotherapy still had no effect on both the overall and cancer‐specific survival probability after excluding the effect of all the confounding factors (HR = 0.863, CI = 0.587‐1.269, P = 0.455; HR = 1.009, CI = 0.633‐1.607, P = 0.970). Our study suggested that postoperative chemotherapy is not necessary for early‐staged young ovarian cancer patients with unilateral resection, as indicated by both the overall survival and cancer‐specific survival.
Tumor‐driven like macrophages induced by conditioned media from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma promote tumor metastasis via secreting IL‐8
Authors: Chen Shao‐jie , Lian Guo‐da , Li Jia‐jia , Zhang Qiu‐bo , Zeng Lin‐juan , Yang Ke‐ge , Huang Chu‐mei , Li Ya‐qing , Chen Yin‐ting , Huang Kai‐hong
Published: October 2018

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant population of inflammatory cells which play an essential role in remodeling tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Previously, we found the high density of TAMs was correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of interaction between TAMs and PDAC. THP‐1 monocytes were the exposure to conditioned media (CM) produced by PDAC cells; then, monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation were assessed. CM from PDAC attracted and polarized THP‐1 monocytes to tumor‐driven like macrophages. mRNA expression cytokine profiling and ELISA identified the IL‐8 secretion was increasing in tumor‐driven like macrophages, and STAT3 pathway was involved. Addition of exogenous recombinant human IL‐8 promoted PDAC cells motility in vitro and metastasis in vivo via upregulating Twist expression, which mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. What is more, IL‐8 expression level in tumor stroma by immunohistochemical analysis was related to lymph node metastasis, the number of tumor CD68 but not CD163 positive macrophages and patient outcome. Taken together, these findings shed light on the important interplay between cancer cells and TAMs in tumor microenvironment and suggested that IL‐8 signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
Safety of combined PD‐1 pathway inhibition and radiation therapy for non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A multicentric retrospective study from the GFPC
Authors: Lesueur Paul , Escande Alexandre , Thariat Juliette , Vauléon Enora , Monnet Isabelle , Cortot Alexis , Lerouge Delphine , Danhier Serge , Dô Pascal , Dubos‐Arvis Catherine , Chouaïd Christos , Gervais Radj
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Randomized prospective studies on patients with metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) showed that anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) agents notably improved 2‐year overall survival (OS) rates, compared to docetaxel. NSCLC patients now receive nivolumab and irradiation, concurrently or not. However, little is known about the safety of this combination, even though the preclinical model suggested a possible synergic effect. We analyzed NSCLC patients treated with radiotherapy and nivolumab according to former's timing.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed records of a large series of metastatic NSCLC patients from three French centers, irradiated during the 6 months preceding, concomitantly, or 3 months after nivolumab administration to assess nivolumab tolerance and outcomes.

Results

Among 104 patients included (37 women; 67 men; median age 60.3 years; 67% with performance status <2; 93.2% were current or past smokers) and their 144 intra‐ or extracranial irradiation courses, any‐grade adverse events (AEs) were observed in 62 (59.6%), with 10 (9.6%) experiencing at least one grade 3/4 toxicity and 9 (8.7%) at least one grade 3/4 immune‐related AE (IRAE). Respective 1‐ and 2‐year OS rates were 48.8% and 29.1%, while 1‐ and 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 20.9% and 10.1%. PFS was significantly better for patients with IRAE(s) (P = 0.038) than those without and a trend toward better OS (P = 0.06). Delivering radiation before or during/after nivolumab administration was not associated with better OS or PFS.

Conclusion

Radiotherapy delivered during the 6 months before, during, or the three months following nivolumab for NSCLCs was not associated with an increased risk of severe or unexpected toxicities.
Lead your department to reach high‐performance levels by following Blue Angel's leadership strategies
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2018

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Greg Wooldridge, former commanding officer with the U.S. Navy Blue Angels, will never forget his first time stepping up to the crowd line to sign autographs for the kids as they watched in awe.
Was coach liable for student‐athlete's injury during football practice?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: October 2018

Palmerton Area School District football player Sheldon Mann experienced a hard hit during a 2011 practice.
Arteriovenous malformation after punch biopsy clinically mimicking a basal cell carcinoma: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Van der Worm Lerinza , Roberts Riyaadh , Isaacs Thuraya , Ngwanya Reginald M.
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical Message

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) of the skin can be acquired post blunt or penetrating trauma. They may clinically mimic basal cell carcinomas and other lesions with overlying telangiectasia. Specific clinical, dermoscopic, and histological clues differentiate these conditions. AVM's may progress to destructive lesions and early surgical intervention is key.
Investigation on Electron Distribution and Synergetic to Enhance Catalytic Activity in Bimetallic Ni(II)/Pd(II) Molecular Monolayer
Authors: Huang Pingping , Xue Ziqian , Li Tiesheng , Liu Zhongyi , Wei Donghui , Liu Minghua , Wu Yangjie
Published: October 2018

Novel graphene oxide (GO)‐supported ordered diimine Ni/Pd bimetallic monolayers with ratio of Ni to Pd atomic ratios (2136 : 1, 333 : 1 and 97 : 1) (denoted as GO‐Diimine‐Ni/Pd1, GO‐Diimine‐Ni/Pd2, GO‐Diimine‐Ni/Pd3) were fabricated and their catalytic performances and synergetic mechanism were systematic investigated. For the as‐prepared GO‐Diimine‐Ni/Pd1, that trace palladium complex was responded for changing the electronic environment, tuning catalytic actives and modifying the electronic states which could enhance the highlighted catalytic activity. The more dramatic aspect of the GO‐Diimine‐Ni/Pd1 with high efficient catalytic activity could be achieved even with atom ratio of Ni/Pd even in 2136 : 1 (TOFNi=21277 h−1; TOFPd=4.545×107 h−1), in which the noble Pd could almost be replaced by non‐noble Ni according to requirement for economic chemistry. Interestingly, the synergetic mechanism between nickel and palladium was that the electron of Pd may transfer to Ni, which is different from the conventional Pd/Ni for catalyzing coupling reaction. Especially, the formation of Ni0 around Pd (II) as active centers was proposed and its size could be controlled with adjusting the palladium content on the surface. The results exhibited that the synergic effect between Ni and Pd made it easy for Ni2+ reduced into Ni0. It was crucial for adjusting the catalytic activity by designing the fine structure of ligand, the supports selection and modulating the Pd content at the molecular level.
Arene Hydrogenation by Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Chacón Gustavo , Dupont Jairton
Published: October 2018

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively explored in controlling the selectivity and stability of metal nanoparticles and/or classical heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatics. ILs provide a protective layer to metal surface catalysts and a physical barrier controlling the access of substrates/intermediates/products on the nanoconfined catalysts, acting as an electronic and geometrical modifier of the catalytic active sites. As a result, this allows the stability and electronic/geometrical properties of the catalyst to be modulated. The IL layers also allow nano‐environments to be designed for encapsulation and to change the kinetic/thermodynamic of the process compared to those reactions performed in classical heterogeneous catalysis. We will focus on the physical, geometric and electronic effects imposed by the IL on metal nanoparticles and classical heterogeneous catalysts on activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of arenes, in particular benzene.
Lithiation and Delithiation Reactions of Binary Silicide Electrodes in an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte as Novel Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Domi Yasuhiro , Usui Hiroyuki , Takaishi Rena , Sakaguchi Hiroki
Published: October 2018

We investigated the lithiation and delithiation properties of pure binary silicide electrodes in an ionic liquid electrolyte as novel anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Some electrodes maintain a high reversible capacity in the electrolyte, whereas they show a poor cycling performance in an organic electrolyte. The superior performance results from the high affinity for the transition metal that composes the silicide with Li. Based on reaction behavior analysis, the crystal structure of silicide is maintained during the cycling, and phase separation does not occur. The ionic liquid electrolyte suppresses the formation of cracks and exfoliation of the silicide layer from a substrate. In addition, a surface film formed on the silicide electrode through the reductive decomposition of the electrolyte has different components than that on a Si electrode, even in the same ionic liquid electrolyte. Soft X‐ray emission spectroscopy demonstrates that the pure silicide itself reacts with Li. The obtained results will provide significant insights into novel alloy‐based anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Moving window partial least squares after orthogonal signal correction as a coupling method for determination of uranium and thorium by ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction
Authors: Khorshidi Neda , Niazi Ali
Published: October 2018

This study, a fast, simple, and efficient ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction coupled with orthogonal signal correction‐moving window partial least squares (OSC‐MWPLS) was successfully used to preconcentration and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of uranium and thorium in water samples. Response surface methodology based on a Box‐Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The analysis of variance and some statistical tests such as lack‐of‐fit and coefficient of determination (R2) showed good fit of the experimental data with the second‐order polynomial model. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 10.0 to 230.0 and 10.0 to 250.0 ng mL−1with detection limits of 3.11 and 3.56 ng mL−1(3Sb/m) for uranium and thorium, respectively. The preconcentration factor of this method for uranium and thorium reached 192. Repeatability (intra‐day) and reproducibility (inter‐day) were obtained 1.23% and 2.18% for uranium and 1.34% and 1.95% for thorium, respectively. The OSC was used for preprocessing of data matrices, and also MWPLS regression has been proposed for the selection of informative spectral intervals. In this paper, ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction coupled with OSC‐MWPLS method was presented for the first time. The root mean square error of prediction for uranium and thorium with PLS, OSC‐PLS, and OSC‐MWPLS were 11.755, 10.335 and 5.301, 5.399 and 0.974, 0.986 ng mL−1, respectively. The results indicated that practical and environmentally friendly proposed method could be successfully used to the simultaneous determination of uranium and thorium in different environmental water samples.
Engineering the Interface of Carbon Electrocatalysts at the Triple Point for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Qiao Mo , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena
Published: October 2018

The aqueous oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has recently received increased attention due to its critical role in clean and sustainable energy‐generation technologies, such as proton exchange membranes (PEM) fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells and Zn–air batteries. The sluggish kinetics associated with ORR result from multistep electron‐transfer process. The slow kinetics are partially related to the O2 adsorption process onto the catalyst, which happens at the triple‐phase boundary (TPB) of the electrocatalyst–electrolyte–oxygen interface. Hence, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the intrinsic properties of electrocatalysts such as active sites, electrical conductivity and porosity. Engineering the electrocatalyst's interfacial properties is another critical issue in ORR, however less described in the literature. The surface of the catalyst provides the microenvironment for the triple boundary interface reaction, which directly influences its electrocatalytic activity and the kinetics. This Minireview is a summary of the existing literature on manipulating the interfacial surface of non‐precious metal catalysts at the triple point between the solid catalyst, the aqueous electrolyte and the O2 gas with the aim of improving the ORR efficiency. Various approaches towards improving the wettability and nanostructuring the catalyst surface to boost the activity of the surface‐active sites and provide improved stability are discussed.
Current to Clean Water – Electrochemical Solutions for Groundwater, Water, and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Simon Ramona G. , Stöckl Markus , Becker Dennis , Steinkamp Anne‐Dorothee , Abt Christian , Jungfer Christina , Weidlich Claudia , Track Thomas , Mangold Klaus‐Michael
Published: October 2018

Electrochemical technologies for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters, potable water, and groundwater, are presented, focusing on the main water constituents: inorganics, organics, micropollutants, and microorganisms. Removal of inorganic compounds by electrodialysis, electrocoagulation, and capacitive deionization as well as removal of organics and micropollutants by electrosorption, advanced oxidation processes, and anodic oxidation with boron‐doped diamond electrodes are reviewed. Electricity can be generated by degradation of organic compounds in microbial fuel cells and dehalogenation by cathodic reduction minimizes toxic substances in water. The disinfection of different types of water is also presented and it is shown that electrochemical methods offer versatile approaches to contribute to an sustainable future water management.
Genetic determinants of childhood and adult height associated with osteosarcoma risk
Authors: Zhang Chenan , Morimoto Libby M. , de Smith Adam J. , Hansen Helen M. , Gonzalez‐Maya Julio , Endicott Alyson A. , Smirnov Ivan V. , Metayer Catherine , Wei Qingyi , Eward William C. , Wiemels Joseph L. , Walsh Kyle M.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Although increased height has been associated with osteosarcoma risk in previous epidemiologic studies, to the authors' knowledge the relative contribution of stature during different developmental timepoints remains unclear. Furthermore, the question of how genetic determinants of height impact osteosarcoma etiology remains unexplored. Genetic variants associated with stature in previous genome‐wide association studies may be biomarkers of osteosarcoma risk.

METHODS

The authors tested the associations between osteosarcoma risk and polygenic scores for adult height (416 variants), childhood height (6 variants), and birth length (5 variants) in 864 osteosarcoma cases and 1879 controls of European ancestry.

RESULTS

Each standard deviation increase in the polygenic score for adult height, corresponding to a 1.7‐cm increase in stature, was found to be associated with a 1.10‐fold increase in the risk of osteosarcoma (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01‐1.19; P =.027). Each standard deviation increase in the polygenic score for childhood height, corresponding to a 0.5‐cm increase in stature, was associated with a 1.10‐fold increase in the risk of osteosarcoma (95% CI, 1.01‐1.20; P =.023). The polygenic score for birth length was not found to be associated with osteosarcoma risk (P =.11). When adult and childhood height scores were modeled together, they were found to be independently associated with osteosarcoma risk (P =.037 and P = .043, respectively). An expression quantitative trait locus for cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2), rs8103992, was significantly associated with osteosarcoma risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.56 [P = 7.93×10‐5 and Padjusted =.034]).

CONCLUSIONS

A genetic propensity for taller adult and childhood height attainments contributed independently to osteosarcoma risk in the current study data. These results suggest that the biological pathways affecting normal bone growth may be involved in osteosarcoma etiology.
The M6 cell: A small‐field bistratified photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
Authors: Quattrochi Lauren E. , Stabio Maureen E. , Kim Inkyu , Ilardi Marissa C. , Michelle Fogerson P. , Leyrer Megan L. , Berson David M.
Published: October 2018

We have identified a novel, sixth type of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) in the mouse—the M6 cell. Its spiny, highly branched dendritic arbor is bistratified, with dendrites restricted to the inner and outer margins of the inner plexiform layer, co‐stratifying with the processes of other ipRGC types. We show that M6 cells are by far the most abundant ganglion cell type labeled in adult pigmented Cdh3‐GFP BAC transgenic mice. A few M5 ipRGCs are also labeled, but no other RGC types were encountered. Several distinct subnuclei in the geniculate complex and the pretectum contain labeled retinofugal axons in the Cdh3‐GFP mouse. These are presumably the principle central targets of M6 cells (as well as M5 cells). Projections from M6 cells to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus were confirmed by retrograde tracing, suggesting they contribute to pattern vision. M6 cells have low levels of melanopsin expression and relatively weak melanopsin‐dependent light responses. They also exhibit strong synaptically driven light responses. Their dendritic fields are the smallest and most abundantly branched of all ipRGCs. They have small receptive fields and strong antagonistic surrounds. Despite deploying dendrites partly in the OFF sublamina, M6 cells appear to be driven exclusively by the ON pathway, suggesting that their OFF arbor, like those of certain other ipRGCs, may receive ectopic input from passing ON bipolar cells axons in the OFF sublayer.
Institutional transitions and the role of financial performance in CSR reporting
Authors: Sun Weizhang , Zhao Chunguang , Cho Charles H.
Published: October 2018

While many extant studies focus on the relation between financial performance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting, less attention has been given to the shifting role of financial performance in CSR reporting in a changing institutional environment. The objective of this study is to investigate whether, why, and how institutional transitions affect the role of financial performance in CSR reporting. Using samples of A‐share listed companies from 2008 to 2015, we separately examine the impacts of institutional transitions on firms' propensity to issue standalone CSR reports, the quality of voluntary CSR reports, and the quality of mandatory CSR reports. We find that financial performance buffers against external pressures brought by institutional transitions rather than only serving as a slack resource. By highlighting the buffer role of financial performance, our study provides deeper insights on the relation between financial performance and CSR reporting and contributes to extant institutional research on CSR reporting.
Genetic variation for tolerance to high temperatures in a population ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Rolandi Carmen , Lighton John R. B. , de la Vega Gerardo J. , Schilman Pablo E. , Mensch Julián
Published: October 2018

The range of thermal tolerance is one of the main factors influencing the geographic distribution of species. Climate change projections predict increases in average and extreme temperatures over the coming decades; hence, the ability of living beings to resist these changes will depend on physiological and adaptive responses. On an evolutionary scale, changes will occur as the result of selective pressures on individual heritable differences. In this work, we studied the genetic basis of tolerance to high temperatures in the flyDrosophila melanogasterand whether this species presents sufficient genetic variability to allow expansion of its upper thermo‐tolerance limit. To do so, we used adult flies derived from a natural population belonging to theDrosophilaGenetic Reference Panel, for which genomic sequencing data are available. We characterized the phenotypic variation of the upper thermal limit in 34 lines by measuring knockdown temperature (i.e., critical thermal maximum [CTmax]) by exposing flies to a ramp of increasing temperature (0.25°C/min). Fourteen percent of the variation inCTmax is explained by the genetic variation across lines, without a significant sexual dimorphism. Through a genomewide association study, 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with theCTmax were identified. In most of theseSNPs, the less frequent allele increased the upper thermal limit suggesting that this population harbors raw genetic variation capable of expanding its heat tolerance. This potential upper thermal tolerance increase has implications under the global warming scenario. Past climatic records show a very low incidence of days aboveCTmax (10 days over 25 years); however, future climate scenarios predict 243 days with extreme high temperature aboveCTmax from 2045 to 2070. Thus, in the context of the future climate warming, rising temperatures might drive the evolution of heat tolerance in this population by increasing the frequency of the alleles associated with higherCTmax.
Natal habitat conditions have carryover effects on dispersal capacity and behavior
Authors: Baines Celina B. , McCauley Shannon J.
Published: October 2018

Local habitat quality affects regional dynamics, including metapopulation persistence and speciation, by altering dispersal. However, most previous studies have not been able to determine whether dispersal is more strongly affected by habitat quality experienced at the dispersal stage, or carryover effects of habitat quality from previous life stages. Strong carryover effects will cause dispersal to be temporally disconnected from its drivers, altering the impact of dispersal on metapopulation dynamics, and potentially complicating empirical estimates of context‐dependent dispersal. Here, we used a fully factorial mesocosm experiment to assess how both habitat quality experienced during development and at adulthood affected emigration in adult backswimmers (Notonecta undulata). We found strong carryover effects of natal habitat quality on dispersal; individuals from high‐quality natal environments had higher emigration rates than individuals from low‐quality natal environments. However, emigration did not depend on adult habitat quality. This suggests that conditions experienced during development can outweigh the effects of habitat quality at later life stages, resulting in time lags between environmental triggers and the onset of dispersal behavior. If there are critical life stages at which dispersal rates are determined, habitat quality at those stages may have outsized impacts on biological dynamics in spatiotemporally variable landscapes.
Impact of multiple disturbances and stress on the temporal trajectories and resilience of benthic intertidal communities
Authors: Cimon Stéphanie , Cusson Mathieu
Published: October 2018

Coastal ecosystems face severe environmental change and anthropogenic pressures that affect both the structure and functioning of communities. Understanding the response and resilience of communities that face multiple simultaneous disturbances and stresses becomes essential. We observed the recovery of a rocky intertidal subarctic macrobenthic community dominated by a macroalgal canopy (Fucus spp.), a habitat‐forming species, over a period of 14 months. Using 0.25‐m2 plots, we ran an in situ one‐pulse experiment (removal of all materials to bare rock and then burning of the surface) followed by a full orthogonal factorial design of three press‐type disturbances or stresses: grazer reduction, canopy removal, and nutrient enrichment. We evaluated the single and interactive effects of the three disturbances and stresses on species diversity and abundance structure. Of all the main effects, canopy removal has the most severe impact, resulting in decreased biomass, richness, and diversity, as well as an altered community structure. Canopy‐removed plots had fewer invertebrates and more ephemeral algae; beyond this, however, there was minimal effect from grazer reduction and nutrient enrichment acting individually. We categorized the interaction types of all significant interaction effects: Canopy removal had a dominant effect over grazer reduction on richness, and it also dominated over nutrient enrichment on diversity and evenness. Nutrient enrichment and canopy removal had a negative synergistic interaction effect on richness at the end of the experiment. Without stressors, 11 months were required to achieve full recovery. The three stressors affected recovery time differently, depending on the identity and the number of stressors. Three stressors generally increased the time of recovery or even prevented recovery from being fully attained. Moreover, community structure and composition of plots subjected to the triple‐stressor treatment had not fully recovered by the end of the study. Our results suggest that multiple stressors may interact on community indices and structure and that their interaction cannot be predicted from the outcome of single stressor studies. The inclusion of multiple disturbances and stresses in field experiments provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that shape community structure and their functioning following various forms of disturbance.
Synthesis of Previously Inaccessible Derivatives of 1,4,7‐Tri‐R‐1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane, Including Chiral Examples, and a Rapid Synthesis of the HCl Salts of H3tacn and H4dtne
Authors: Pickel Thomas C. , Karahalis Gregory J. , Buru Cassandra T. , Bacsa John , Scarborough Christopher C.
Published: October 2018

The synthesis of 1,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐7‐R‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (tBu2Rtacn) derivatives through a “crab‐like” cyclization is reported. The tert‐butyl groups were cleavable with concentrated hydrochloric acid, allowing for a facile and convenient synthesis of the HCl salt of H3tacn and the most direct route to its industrially relevant binucleating N‐ethylene bridged derivative, H4dtne. In addition, the synthesis of chiral tacn derivatives with both one and two stereocenters in non‐annulet, alpha‐N positions is reported.
Inverse cationic ITP for separation of methadone enantiomers with sulfated β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector
Authors: Mikkonen Saara , Caslavska Jitka , Gebauer Petr , Thormann Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

Chiral ITP of the weak base methadone using inverse cationic configurations with H+ as leading component and multiple isomer sulfated β‐CD (S‐β‐CD) as leading electrolyte (LE) additive, has been studied utilizing dynamic computer simulation, a calculation model based on steady‐state values of the ITP zones, and capillary ITP. By varying the amount of acidic S‐β‐CD in the LE composed of 3‐morpholino‐2‐hydroxypropanesulfonic acid and the chiral selector, and employing glycylglycine as terminating electrolyte (TE), inverse cationic ITP provides systems in which either both enantiomers, only the enantiomer with weaker complexation, or none of the two enantiomers form cationic ITP zones. For the configuration studied, the data reveal that only S‐methadone migrates isotachophoretically when the S‐β‐CD concentration in the LE is between about 0.484 and 1.113 mM. Under these conditions, R‐methadone migrates zone electrophoretically in the TE. An S‐β‐CD concentration between about 0.070 and 0.484 mM results in both S‐ and R‐methadone forming ITP zones. With >1.113 mM and < about 0.050 mM of S‐β‐CD in the LE both enantiomers are migrating within the TE and LE, respectively. Chiral inverse cationic ITP with acidic S‐β‐CD in the LE is demonstrated to permit selective ITP trapping and concentration of the less interacting enantiomer of a weak base.
Application of response surface methodology based on central composite design for optimization of yellow bezacryl sorption on shoe soles waste
Authors: Boudrahem F. , Ziani S. , Aissani‐Benissad F.
Published: October 2018

In this study, an innovative sorbent that is obtained by shoe soles waste was proposed. This low‐cost sorbent was tested for the removal of yellow Bezacryl (YB) from aqueous solutions in batch reactor. The central composite design (CCD) technique and the response surface methodology (RSM) were both applied to study the effect of operating parameters, namely initial YB concentration (
Z1), shoe soles waste sorbent dosage (
Z2), and pH of the medium (
Z3); and determine their optimum giving the highest YB sorption yield. The experimental factors levels studied were respectively 10 ≤ [YB]0 ≤ 50 (mg/L), 0.1 ≤ [sorbent] ≤ 1 (g/250 mL), and 2 ≤ pH ≤ 10. The model equation for YB sorption yield was developed using Microsoft EXCEL Software and the predicted values were found to be in good agreement with experimental values (R2 = 0.996). The experimental results and statistical analysis show that all operating parameters influence individually and interactively the sorption yields response. The optimum conditions for maximizing sorption yield were calculated as [YB]0 = 30 mg/L, [sorbent]0 = 0.1 g/250 mL, and pH 6, respectively. In addition to this, the sorption process studied is best described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Langmuir sorption isotherm gave a satisfactory fit of the equilibrium data. The maximum sorption capacity is 130 mg YB/g shoe soles waste. Results from this study suggest that shoe soles waste is an effective sorbent for the removal of YB from aqueous solutions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S412–S421, 2019
Liquid fuels from used transformer oil by catalytic cracking using bentonite catalyst
Authors: Kar Yakup , Bozkurt Gamze , Yalman Yusuf
Published: October 2018

In this study, the main target was to obtain the liquid fuel‐like product from the catalytic cracking of the used transformer oil over bentonite as a low‐cost catalyst. For this aim, a series of cracking runs were performed under certain experimental conditions (450 °C cracking temperature, 10 °C/min of heating rate, and catalyst in the range of 0–8.0 wt %) in a fixed‐bed reactor. In catalytic cracking runs, the use of bentonite as a catalyst led to a considerable increase in yield of the cracking oil comparable to that of the noncatalytic oil. The highest yield value of 98.64 wt % was achieved at catalyst ratio of 4.0 wt %. Furthermore, the liquid product obtained in the highest yield was characterized by FTIR and GC–MS to evaluate its composition in terms of compound distributions as a comparison with the noncatalytic run. Also, its fuel properties such as cetane index, higher heating value, viscosity, density, water content, elemental content, and so forth were analyzed using standard test techniques. Based on these results obtained, the catalytic liquid product can be utilized to prepare liquid fuel blends with diesel for the diesel engines. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13080, 2019
Trader types and fleeting orders: Evidence from Taiwan Futures Exchange
Authors: Kuo Wei‐Yu , Lin Ching‐Ting
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates the relation between trader type and fleeting order strategy based on unique data from Taiwan Futures Exchange. We find that fleeting orders are more commonly used by institutional traders than individual traders. There exists intraday seasonality of fleeting orders submitted by institutional traders. Institutional traders do not chase market prices, but respond to changes in immediate execution costs. Network orders constitute a key component of the fleeting order strategy of proprietary traders. In sum, different types of traders, including individual traders, proprietary traders, and foreign traders, exhibit significantly different behaviors when deploying the fleeting order strategy.
Prognostic role of extracapsular spread in planned neck dissection after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: León Xavier , Pardo Laura , Sansa Aina , Fernández Alejandro , Camacho Valle , García Jacinto , López Montserrat , Quer Miquel
Published: October 2018

Background

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of nodes with extracapsular spread (ECS) in patients treated with a planned neck dissection after chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective study of 109 cN+ patients who achieved a complete response in the primary location after chemoradiotherapy and treated with a planned neck dissection.

Results

The 5‐year disease‐specific survival for patients without residual metastatic nodes in the neck dissection (pN0, n = 69) was 75.7% (95% CI: 64.4%‐87.0%). For patients with metastatic nodes without ECS (pN+/ECS‐negative, n = 17), the corresponding figure was 74.0% (95% CI: 48.2%‐99.8%), and for patients with metastatic neck nodes with ECS (pN+/ECS‐positive, n = 23) it was 8.7% (95% CI: 0.0%‐24.3%) (P = .0001).

Conclusion

The presence of ECS in the pathologic study of the planned neck dissections carried out after chemoradiotherapy in patients with human papillomavirus‐negative (HPV‐negative) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) allows identification of a group of patients with a high risk of failure.
Is it RSV?
Authors: Ambrose Christopher S.
Published: October 2018

A study of infant bronchiolitis–coded episodes described the proportion of events attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and demonstrated that episodes occurring during the peak months of winter viral season, among younger infants, and among those with higher levels of care, were more likely to be attributable to RSV.
Spillover effects of credit default risk in the euro area and the effects on the Euro: A GVAR approach
Authors: Bettendorf Timo
Published: October 2018

During the 2008 financial crisis, increasing risk and spillovers became a main concern for policy makers and banks. In addition, changes in sovereign and bank risk are believed to have had strong effects on world‐wide exchange rates. This paper aims to analyse these dynamics empirically. We estimate a Global VAR (GVAR) model for nine EMU countries plus Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States and identify structural risk shocks using sign restrictions. Our results indicate that spillover effects of general risk are much stronger than those of bailouts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Euro depreciates significantly against the Yen and U.S. dollar following general risk shocks in the euro area and only to a small extent following bailout shocks. The Pound Sterling is not affected by any of these shocks. The Euro variability is, from the EMU perspective, mainly driven by shocks stemming from large countries (e.g., Germany, France, and Italy). However, shocks from third countries also play an important role.
Modelling long memory volatility in the Bitcoin market: Evidence of persistence and structural breaks
Authors: Bouri Elie , Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Gupta Rangan , Roubaud David
Published: October 2018

Motivated by the emergence of Bitcoin as a speculative financial investment, the purpose of this paper is to examine the persistence in the level and volatility of Bitcoin price, accounting for the impact of structural breaks. Using parametric and semiparametric techniques, we find strong evidence in favour of a permanency of the shocks and lack of mean reversion in the level series. We also reveal evidence of structural changes in the dynamics of Bitcoin. After accounting for the structural breaks in the level series, evidence of mean reversion is uncovered in some cases. Further analyses show evidence of a long memory in the two measures of volatility (absolute and the squared returns), whereas some cases of short memory are revealed in the squared returns series in particular. Practical implications are discussed on the inefficiency in the Bitcoin market and its importance for Bitcoin users and investors.
Cancer of the vagina
Authors: Adams Tracey S. , Cuello Mauricio A.
Published: October 2018

Diagnosis of a primary vaginal cancer is rare because most of these lesions will be metastatic from another primary site. Although cancer of the vagina is more common in postmenopausal women, an increase in young women being diagnosed with primary vaginal cancer has been reported, especially in countries with a high HIV prevalence. This will be associated with persistence of high‐risk HPV infection. The emphasis should be on primary prevention with prophylactic HPV vaccination. Once there is a suspicion of a primary vaginal cancer, this should be confirmed histologically with biopsy. Staging has been done clinically, similar to cervical cancer; however, there is a role for imaging in assisting with staging as this is often a difficult assessment. Treatment should be individualized and depends on stage as well as histologic subtype. It is prudent to refer cases to centers of excellence with experience in dealing with this rare gynecological cancer.
Biohybrids of scaffolding hyaluronic acid biomaterials plus adipose stem cells home local neural stem and endothelial cells: Implications for reconstruction of brain lesions after stroke
Authors: Sanchez‐Rojas Leyre , Gómez‐Pinedo Ulises , Benito‐Martin María Soledad , León‐Espinosa Gonzalo , Rascón‐Ramirez Fernando , Lendinez Cristina , Martínez‐Ramos Cristina , Matías‐Guiu Jorge , Pradas Manuel Monleón , Barcia Juan A.
Published: October 2018

Endogenous neurogenesis in stroke is insufficient to replace the lost brain tissue, largely due to the lack of a proper biological structure to let new cells dwell in the damaged area. We hypothesized that scaffolds made of hyaluronic acid (HA) biomaterials (BM) could provide a suitable environment to home not only new neurons, but also vessels, glia and neurofilaments. Further, the addition of exogenous cells, such as adipose stem cells (ASC) could increase this effect. Athymic mice were randomly assigned to a one of four group: stroke alone, stroke and implantation of BM, stroke and implantation of BM with ASC, and sham operated animals. Stroke model consisted of middle cerebral artery thrombosis with FeCl3. After 30 days, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were sacrificed. Proliferation and neurogenesis increased at the subventricular zone ipsilateral to the ventricle and neuroblasts, glial, and endothelial cells forming capillaries were seen inside the BM. Those effects increased when ASC were added, while there was less inflammatory reaction. Three‐dimensional scaffolds made of HA are able to home newly formed neurons, glia, and endothelial cells permitting the growth neurofilaments inside them. The addition of ASC increase these effects and decrease the inflammatory reaction to the implant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1598–1606, 2019.
ZC3H13 suppresses colorectal cancer proliferation and invasion via inactivating Ras–ERK signaling
Authors: Zhu Dehua , Zhou Jianping , Zhao Jinbo , Jiang Guiyang , Zhang Xiupeng , Zhang Yong , Dong Ming
Published: October 2018

ZC3H13 is a canonical CCCH zinc finger protein, which harbors a somatic frame‐shift mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its expression and biological function were still uncertain. In the current study, we found that ZC3H13 was served as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells, which decreased the expression of Snail, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin E1, and increased the expression of Occludin and Zo‐1 through inactivating Ras–ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, reduction of ZC3H13 associated with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.02), positive regional lymph node metastasis (
p = 0.01). Taken together, the current study indicated that ZC3H13 may be an upstream regulator of Ras–ERK signaling pathway and suppressed invasion and proliferation of CRC.
Assessing a Micro and Small Businesses Innovation Support Programme in Brazil: The Local Innovation Agents Programme
Authors: de Carvalho Gustavo Dambiski Gomes , de Carvalho Hélio Gomes , Cardoso Hugo Henrique Roth , Gonçalves Adriana Dantas
Published: October 2018

Created by the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (SEBRAE) and developed in partnership with the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the local innovation agents (LIA) programme aims to convey innovation to Brazilian micro and small businesses (MSBs) and has covered around 150 000 MSBs since 2008. Notwithstanding, assessments of the LIA programme are still limited. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the impact of the LIA programme based on a sample of over 6000 MSBs. Results show that all dimensions improved to some extent, but marketing and organizational‐related innovations improved more than product and process‐related ones. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.