bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of NLR for early death in secondary Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients: an analysis of 92 patients
Authors: hu linhui , wu fan , Pan Ying , zhang jiakui , li qian , zhu weiwei , ding chen , meng ye , wang huiping , xiong shudao , zhai zhimin
Published: August 2020

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) a hyperinflammation disease and have high early mortality. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) plays a prognostic role in various inflammation conditions. However, the role of NLR in HLH remains unknown.Results: 92 patients were collected from Sep 2014 to Dec 2019, the median age was 50 years (16-88) and 54 patients (58.6%) were male. 39 patients (42.3%) died during a 30-day follow-up. In addition, NLR was higher in nonsurvivor than survivor (P=0.005), higher NLR was correlated with older age (P=0.020), worse survival status (P=0.006), lower HB level (P=0.008), longer PT level (P=0.010), higher creatinine level (0.027) and higher IL-6 level (P=0.008)and in multivariate analysis, NLR (HR=2.508, 95%CI: 1.275-4.934), was indicated as an independent prognostic factor for early death. Conclusions: NLR was correlated with early death in HLH, suggest NLR could be used as a reference indicator for the monitoring and management of HLH.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and/or Dermal Leishmanoid in Himachal Pradesh (India)
Authors: Lata Suman , kumari Sandhya , Das Ram , Pasi Shweta , Dhiman Ramesh C
Published: August 2020

Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is in elimination phase in India while cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) are spreading to new foci in different parts of the country. In Himachal Pradesh, a foci of CL have been reported along Satluj River, but the causative agent poses a dilemma. To ascertain the Leishmania species from CL cases from Shimla, Kullu and Kinnaur districts of Himachal Pradesh, the present study was undertaken. Methods: A total of 28 CL patients registered in Department of Dermatology, Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC) and Hospital Shimla in 2018, were tested by rk39. Barring 16 cases undergoing treatment, 12 fresh cases were subjected to microscopic detection of Leishmania parasite, PCR and sequencing. Skin biopsies of 3-4 mm diameter were taken in culture medium and in formalin under anesthetic and sterile conditions from the border of the lesions. Imprints were prepared for the detection of Leishmania amastigotes. Biopsy samples were inoculated into different culture media (M199, RPMI 1640, and NNN) and were incubated at 22-24°C. Cultures were examined microscopically for the growth of promastigotes up to four weeks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to characterize leishmania parasite species.Results: Of 28 patients, one patient was found positive for by rK39 dipstick test. One imprint was found positive for leishmania amastigotes. Twelve biopsy DNA samples were subjected to PCR for Leishmania kDNA, of which all the 12 were found positive ITS1 Leishmania specific set of primers while eight were found positive with JW11/12 lesihmania species specific set of primers. Identification of Leishmania species was confirmed by PCR-RFLP and sequencing method. Of 12 Leishmania positive samples, six were identified as L. donovani, three L. tropica, two L. major and one remained unidentified.Conclusion: The detection of L. donovani from cutaneous leishmniasis patients is a significant finding leading towards existence of atypical leishmaniasis in Himachal Pradesh.
Transfusion-naïve Thalassemia Pediatric Patients have Higher Incidence of Asthma: A Nationwide Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hsieh Hsin-Yi , Huang Lin-Chi , Yu Hong-Ren , Kuo Kuang-Che , Lee Yi-Chen , Su Chung-Hao , Yang Yao-Hsu , Sheen Jiunn-Ming
Published: August 2020

Background: Few studies have studied the association between asthma and pediatric transfusion naïve thalassemia. Methods: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of selected children from the 2010 Registry for Beneficiaries of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, with a follow-up period extending to the end of 2013. One thalassemia patient was matched with four control patients without thalassemia according to year of birth, sex, and the propensity score model based on comorbidities. Results: In this study, 794 patients with thalassemia and 3176 controls were included. Transfusion-naïve thalassemia children had higher rates to develop asthma (41.03 vs 36.69 per 1000 person-y; P = 0.032) than the non-thalassemia controls with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.33). Boys in the thalassemia cohort had a significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio of asthma than those in the non-thalassemia cohort (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02–1.42). In thalassemic patients without atopic dermatitis, the risk of asthma was 1.25-fold higher than in the non-thalassemic ones (95% CI=1.07–1.47). Conclusions: Transfusion-naïve thalassemia children are more likely to have asthma. We need to pay more attention to it in order to diagnosis asthma earlier and to prevent asthma attacked earlier.
Decrease of HC and Hypoproteinemia: Possible Predictors of Complication of Neonatal Sepsis in a Developing Country?
Authors: Cai Na , Fan Wenting , Tao Min , Liao Wei
Published: August 2020

Background: The main purpose of our study was to determine the predictors of the complications of neonatal sepsis. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit between June 2016 to February 2020. Neonates with late-onset sepsis (Age > 3 days old) were enrolled in this study. According to whether merged complication after sepsis, children were divided into complication group and non-complication group. The demographic data, perinatal conditions, blood cell count analysis, blood culture, hypoproteinemia within 1 week after the onset and treatment measures were compared. Results: A total of 87 infants with late-onset sepsis were enrolled in this study. (1) Significant differences were observed between the complication and non-complication group with regard to hemoglobin concentration (HC), decrease of HC, hypoproteinemia and red blood cell transfusion (P < 0.05). (2) Further comparison found that children with sepsis who had moderate and more severe anemia at the time of onset were more likely to have complications than those with mild or no anemia. (3) The results of binomial stepwise logistic regression suggested that significant decrease of HC (OR = 1.113, P = 0.000 < 0.05) and hypoproteinemia (OR = 3.953, P = 0.012 < 0.05) were independent risk factors for complication in infants with sepsis. (4) A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the AUC was 0.807 for decrease of HC.Conclusions: Significant decrease of HC and hypoproteinemia were independent risk factors for complication and may predict the occurrence of complication in infants with late-onset sepsis in the early stage.
Mature Cystic Teratoma of Ovary– a Case Report & Review of Literature
Authors: Nayak Sunita , Dash Suren Prasad
Published: August 2020

Mature cystic teratoma or dermoid cyst is the most common germ cell tumour of the ovary. The incidence ranges from 5 to 25% of all ovarian neoplasms out of which 13.7% are bilateral. Teratomas usually occur in the ovaries but they may be seen in other sites known as extragonadal teratomas the incidence of which is only 0.4%. Teratomas are usually benign but they may turn out to be highly malignant. Torsion is known to be the most frequent complication of ovarian teratomas followed by autoamputation. Teratomas are classified as “Mature” and “Immature” by WHO. Teratomas show good prognosis specially the mature ones. Surgery and follow up remains the standard approach. We report a case of mature cystic teratoma in the right ovary of a 28 years old nulliparous woman.
IL-17 mediated macrophage polarization increased inflammatory damage in SWI-ALI models
Authors: Zhao Jiayi , Pu Jin , Zhang Rong , Fan Jian , Han Yiping , Xu Jianwen , Shang Yan
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSeawater inhalation induced acute lung injury (SWI-ALI) is the common accident in daily naval training. To investigate the mechanism of SWI-ALI will help to improve the treatment effect. Alveolar macrophages (AM) is the majority of alveolar, also paly the key role in SWI-ALI repair. IL-17 also paly the key role in the innate immunity process.MethodIn this study, we used seawater induced the ALI in mouse model. And the lungs and serum were exacted at D1, D3, D7 and D14. The AM polarization were tested by flow cytometry. The IL-17 concentration were tested by ELISA. Then the IL-17 function were confirmed by in vitro test. The mouse alveolar epithelial cell and mouse AM were co-cultured. The test compared the wound healing effect of MAE with and without IL-17.ResultThe AM switch into M1 and IL-17A increased were found after seawater dosing. And the IL-17a supplement attenuated wound healing of alveolar epithelial cells through improve the polarization of AM were confirmed in vitro model.ConclusionThe high IL-I7 micro-environment will increased the inflammatory damage through induced macrophage polarization in acute lung injury. The IL-17 antagonists have the potential to increase clinical effect in SWI-ALI treatment.
Higher circulatory HMGB1 accelerates postoperative acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease in lung cancer
Authors: Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Nakao Satoshi , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Kagimoto Atsushi , Handa Yoshinori , Sakamoto Shinjiro , Horimasu Yasushi , Masuda Takeshi , Mimae Takahiro , Miyamoto Shintaro , Nakashima Taku , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Fujitaka Kazunori , Miyata Yoshihiro , Hamada Hironobu , Okada Morihito , Hattori Noboru
Published: August 2020

Background: Postoperative acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) is a fatal complication in patients with lung cancer and ILD, and it needs to be overcome to improve the long-term outcomes of these patients. However, the molecular target for predicting and preventing this fatal complication remains unclear. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is reported to increase due to surgical procedure, activates a pro-inflammatory response associated with acute lung injury. This study aimed to elucidate the association between postoperative AE-ILD and circulatory HMGB1, especially focusing on its predictive potential. Methods: This study included 152 patients with lung cancer and ILD, who underwent radical surgery between January 2011 and August 2019. We measured HMGB1 serum levels, and investigated the factors affecting HMGB1 and the predictive potential of HMGB1 for postoperative AE-ILD.Results: Postoperative AE-ILD was developed in 17 (11.2%) of 152 patients with lung cancer and ILD. HMGB1 serum levels in patients with AE-ILD were significantly higher than those in patients without (median [IQR]: 5.39 [3.29-11.70] ng/mL vs 3.55 [2.07-5.62] ng/mL). Logistic regression analysis revealed that HMGB1 higher levels and longer operative time was independently associated with a higher incidence of postoperative AE-ILD. Furthermore, when HMGB1 and operative time were incorporated into previously reported risk scoring system, the concordance index was 0.876 which is statistically higher than 0.715 calculated by reported scoring system only.Conclusions: Baseline levels of serum HMGB1 could be a promising biomarker for predicting postoperative AE-ILD, especially when combined with operative time. HMGB1 may be a molecular target of this fatal complication to be overcome.
How to Easily Visualize the Superior Vena Cava in Adults? Introducing Three Transthoracic Echocardiographic Road Maps: Techniques, Dimensions and Doppler Spectral Signals
Authors: Sharifkazemi Mohammadbagher , Rezaian Gholamreza
Published: August 2020

Background:Although much is known about the technical aspects of inferior vena cava visualization, it is much less about its counterpart: the superior vena cava (SVC). The aims of this study therefore, were to describe in detail the different possible transthoracic SVC visualization techniques in adults and to provide a series of normal values for its dimensions and Doppler signals. Methods:The feasibility of SVC visualization by TTE was initially established in 40 patients with or without central venous catheters, or pacemaker wires. Subsequently, the newly found SVC visualization road maps were applied in 30 healthy adults to assess SVC dimensions, their respiratory variations and Doppler signal parameters. Dimensions were measured 3-5mm proximal (above) the RA-SVC junction at the end of both cardiac and respiratory cycles but the peak Doppler velocities were only measured at the end-held expiration. To clarify the SVC color flow, the Nyquist limit was set at 25-40 m/s. Results: The three new SVC visualization road maps included:a) Modified apical 5-champber view (MA5CV), b) Modified parasternal short axis view of great vessels (MSAVGV) and c) Modified subcostal view (MSCV).The 30 normal subjects included 17 males and 13females with an age range of 24-45 years, weight of 46-77 kg, height of 158-178cm and body mass index (BMI) of 15.73-27.24 kg/m2. The largest end systolic SVC dimensions at the end of the expiration and inspiration ranged from 7.7 to 14.0 mm (10.74 ± 1.7 mm) and 8.0 -14.0 mm (10.86 ± 1.53 mm) respectively, and the highest S wave velocity ranged from 0.49 - 0.65 m/s (0.57 ± 0.03 m/s).Conclusion: The challenge of SVC visualization by TTE is over now and it is hoped that it could become a part of routine echocardiographic assessments by everybody and everywhere.
Adjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer without Risk Factors of Cardiotoxicity. Possibility of Omitting Cardiac Monitoring during Treatment.
Authors: Mizuno Toshiro , Tsunoda Akira , Tono Yasutaka , Oda Hiroyasu , Ishihara Mikiya , Saito Kanako , Yamashita Yoshiki
Published: August 2020

Background: Although weekly paclitaxel and trastuzumab is generally considered to be less cardiotoxic than an anthracycline regimen, low baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤55%, hypertension, and high body mass index (BMI) have been reported as risk factors for cardiotoxicity. Without these risk factors, the incidence of cardiotoxicity is expected to be minimal. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 86 patients with HER2-positive, node-negative breast cancer between February 2012 and December 2018. Patients were selected for this study according to the following criteria: (1) patients were administered weekly treatment with paclitaxel and trastuzumab for 12 weeks, followed by trastuzumab; (2) baseline LVEF was 60% or more; (3) echocardiography was performed before, during, and at the end of treatment; (4) no hypertension or well-controlled with medication; and (5) BMI was < 30. We investigated the occurrence of cardiotoxicity. A decline in LVEF was defined as a decrease of 15% or more from baseline, or < 50% decrease in LVEF.Results: A total of 40 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The median age was 55.5 (35 to 72) and median baseline LVEF was 68% (60 to 77). The median number of echocardiograms was five (3-7). Out of 40, trastuzumab were completed in 39. Among the 39 patients, no symptomatic congestive heart failure or asymptomatic LVEF decline was observed. Conclusion: In our study, no cardiotoxicity was observed in paclitaxel and trastuzumab. Assessment of cardiac function during treatment may be simplified in patients without risk factors for cardiotoxicity.
Investigation on Structural and Optical Properties of Sodium ion (Na+) Doped Layered Perovskite Sr2CeO4
Authors: Yadav Dharmendra , Nirala Gurudeo , Kumar Upendra , Upadhyay Shail
Published: August 2020

Powder and ceramic of a few compositions of system Sr2Ce1-xNaxO4 (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.10) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The phase and structure of the synthesized samples were investigated by x-ray diffraction technique. The analysis of XRD data indicated that in Sr2CeO4, substitution sites of Na1+ ions depend on the doping concentration. Na1+ ions occupy Ce-sites when concentration is x = 0.02. With increasing doping amount (x=0.04, 0.06 and 0.10) Na1+ substituted into both Sr and Ce site. Purity of the synthesized samples was reconfirmed using Raman and Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. The optical band gap was recorded by UV-Vis absorption spectra; optical band gap energy of the samples lies between 2.91 - 3.10 eV. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements show that there two excitation peaks located around 290 nm and 350 nm. For Na doped samples, intensity of higher wavelength peak is more than the lower wavelength peak making them suitable candidate for UV excitation source. All the Na1+ doped samples display an intense blue emission at 472 nm similar to undoped Sr2CeO4. But the intensity of emission for the doped samples is weak as compared to undoped sample. Scanning electron microscopic studies of fractured surfaces of the sintered pellets have indicated that dopant Na has played a significant role in the grain growth. Grain size and morphology of Na doped samples are different from undoped Sr2CeO4.
Ginsenoside Rc Protects Neurons From Oxygen-glucose Deprivation Injuries and Its Mechanistic Investigation via a Network Pharmacology-based Analysis
Authors: Huang Mingmin , Chen Shaoru , Zheng Kening , Liu Qu , Li Kening , Xian Minghua , Wang Shumei
Published: August 2020

Background: Ginsenoside Rc (Rc) is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng Meyer. Studies have shown that Rc has remarkable effect in protection of nervous system. However, the potential molecular mechanism of its neuroprotective effect remains unclear. Our study aim to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Rc on neuron damage and explore the potential mechanism on its regulation of TNF-α and DRP-1.Methods: Oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD/R) cell neuron damage modle was induced by Na2S2O4 and EBSS solution. After preventive administration, cell viability and cell toxicity were detected to evaluate the putative neuroprotective properties of Rc. Network pharmacology and molecular docking simulation studies were performed to predict the potential targets and pharmacological mechanism. Furthermore, the prediction was validated via western blot assay and specific antagonist. Results: In OGD/R injured cells, Rc significantly improved cell viability (Rc middle dose vs. OGD/R model: 67.3±2.33% vs. 55.7±1.14%, P<0.05) and obviously decreased cell toxicity (Rc middle dose vs. OGD/R model: 147±39.7% vs. 232±29.4%, P<0.01). Analysis of network pharmacology and molecular docking indicated that the key targets of Rc are TNF-α and DRP-1. Subsequently molecular biological studies showed a significant increase on expression of TNF-α and DRP-1 in model group. Conversely, administration of Rc reversed the alteration significantly and presented a dose dependence. By adding antagonist, we validated that Rc had an indirect regulation on TNF-α and DRP-1. Conclusions: Rc possess protective properties against OGD-induced neuron damage by regulating the expression of TNF-α and DRP-1.
Engineering on Anatomy to Avoid the Necessity of Invasive Imaging in Medical 3D Printing: Examples from Pediatric Cardiology
Authors: Hopfner Carina , Jakob Andre , Tengler Anja Ingrid , Grab Maximilian , Thierfelder Nikolaus , Brunner Barbara , Thierij Alisa , Haas Nikolaus
Published: August 2020

Background: 3D printed models of pediatric hearts with congenital heart disease (CHD) have been proven helpful in simulation training of diagnostic and interventional catheterization. However, anatomically accurate 3D printed models are traditionally based on real 2D scans of patients requiring specific imaging techniques, i.e. computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In small children both imaging technologies often require deep sedation and involve radiation (CT) being of special impact in this population. Hence, cardiac image data acquired by these invasive technologies is rare in pediatrics where minimization of radiation and sedation is key. Therefore, an alternative solution to create variant 3D printed heart models for teaching and hands-on training has been established. Methods: In this study different methods utilizing image processing and computer aided design (software: Mimics Innovation Suite, Materialise NV) have been established to overcome this shortage and to allow unlimited variations of 3D heart models based on a single patient scan. Patient-specific models based on a CT or MRI image stack were modified by performing virtual engineering on the original shape and structure of the heart. Thereby, 3D hearts including several pathological findings were created and CHD training models were adapted to training level and aims of hands-on classes, particularly for invasive procedures such as interventional cardiology. Results: By changing the shape and structure of the 3D anatomy various training models were created of which four examples are presented in this paper: 1. a heart model with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) augmented by perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) and muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD), 2. a model of solely the right heart with pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) augmented by the left heart and myocardium, 3. a series of heart models with atrial septal defect (ASD) showing the hemodynamic effect on the right atrial and ventricular wall, 4. a model of solely the left heart with isthmus stenosis augmented with an engineered aortic valve. All presented models have been successfully utilized in teaching or hands-on training courses. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that structure and shape of 3D heart models can be modified virtually by engineering on anatomy. Therefore, anatomical variants can be created without the necessity for real, patient-specific CT or MRI imaging. Further investigations are required to evaluate the resemblance of reality of non-patient-specific 3D models and to prove the effectiveness of training using these designed heart models.
Diagnostic Performance of Cortactin in the Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Lili , Song Hongguang , Yang Shiming
Published: August 2020

Background: Cortactin gene was up-regulated in various human cancers. However, the role of cortactin in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remained unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of cortactin in OSCC patients.Methods: The relative mRNA expression levels of cortactin in OSCC tissues and adjacent normal oral mucosal tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between cortactin expression and clinical characteristics of patients. The diagnostic value of cortactin in OSCC patients was estimated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: Compared with the normal controls, cortactin mRNA expression was significantly increased in OSCC tissues (P<0.001). Importantly, notable correlations were found between cortactin expression and tumor size (P=0.040), TNM stage (P=0.018), lymph node metastasis (P=0.013) as well as recurrence (P=0.031). Furthermore, the result of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.867 with a sensitivity of 76.2% and a specificity of 86.9%. It revealed that the diagnostic value of cortactin was high in OSCC patients.Conclusions: Our data reveal that cortactin expression is up-regulated in OSCC and correlated with tumor progression. Cortactin may be a potential bio-marker for early diagnosis of OSCC.
The Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Prone 8 Mice
Authors: Sasaki Kazunori , Geribaldi-Doldan Noelia , Wu Qingqing , Davies Julie , Szele Francis G. , Isoda Hiroko
Published: August 2020

Background

Much attention has recently focused on nutraceuticals which are widely used to promote health. In particular, nutraceuticals with minimal side effects have been developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. as a nutraceutical.
Methods

To test the neuroprotection of ethanol extract of Aurantiochytrium (EEA) and n-Hex layer of EEA (HEEA), amyloid-beta (Aβ)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells was used for in vitro AD model. We then assessed the enhancement of neurogenesis of EEA and HEEA using murine ex vivo neurospheres. We also administered EEA or HEEA to SAMP8 mice, a non-transgenic strain with accelerated aging and Alzheimer’s-like memory loss for evaluation of spatial learning and memory using MWM test. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using mice brain fed with EEA for assessment of neurogenesis.
Results

Pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EEA or the squalene-rich fraction of EEA, n-Hex layer (HEEA), ameliorated Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, only EEA-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell metabolism and intracellular ATP production. Moreover, EEA treatment significantly increased the number of neurospheres, whilst HEEA treatment significantly increased the number of β-III-tubulin + young neurons and GFAP + astrocytes. SAMP8 mice were given 50 mg/kg EEA or HEEA orally for 30 days. Learning ability was assessed in the Morris water maze test. EEA and HEEA decreased escape latency time in SAMP8 mice, indicating improved memory. To detect activated stem cells and newborn neurons, we administered BrdU for 9 days and measured BrdU + cells in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic stem cell niche of the hippocampus. In SAMP8 mice, EEA rapidly and significantly increased the number of BrdU + GFAP + stem cells as well as their progeny, BrdU + NeuN + mature neurons.
Conclusions

Our data in aggregate indicate that EEA and its constituents could be developed into a nutraceutical for promoting brain health and function against some age-related diseases including neurodegenerative desease, particularly AD.
Acute traumatic brain injury presentations and the use of head CT scans in the Emergency Department
Authors: Rogan Alice , Patel Vimal , Birdling Jane , Simmonds Harnah , Lockett Jessica , McQuade David , Larsen Peter
Published: August 2020

Objective: The use of CT head scanning for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a vital diagnostic tool, guided by risk stratification tools. This study aims to review the use of CT head scans for TBI in two Australasian Emergency Departments (ED) in New Zealand.Methods: Retrospective observational design of patients referred for head CT from ED to exclude a significant intracranial injury between 1st September 2018 and 31st August 2019. Clinical data were collected regarding presenting patterns, identification of injuries on CT scan and adherence to CT guidelines.Results: Out of 425 cases reviewed, a clinically significant injury was identified in 41 (10%) patients. Patients who reported loss (32% vs 20% p < 0.05) or possible loss of consciousness (34% vs 22% p < 0.05) and had GCS < 13 (17% vs 8%, p < 0.05) or focal neurology (10% vs 3%, p < 0.05) were more likely to have a significantly intracranial injury on CT. Interestingly, 17 (41%) patients with significant injury were GCS 15 with no focal neurology. NICE guidelines were adhered to in 364 (86%) patients. In the 14% of cases that did not meet guideline criteria, all CT head scans were negative.Conclusion: CT head scans are a valuable tool in TBI and guidelines successfully identify those with significant intracranial injuries. However, the rate of significant injury for the total population requiring head CT remains low, with over 90% of head CTs in the population normal, despite high guideline compliance perhaps identifying a role for novel objective tests in ED guidelines internationally.
Why does the COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico seem to be slower? Some hypotheses for testing
Authors: Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel , Mendoza-Carranza Manuel , Takahashi-Aguilar Umon , Valdez-Moreno Martha , Prado-Bernal Jenny Alexandra , Mora-Loya Claudia
Published: August 2020

Aim: The current paper aims to present and discuss some hypothesis about why in Mexico and in particular the Mexico City the epidemy of COVID-19 seems to be slower than other countries. Subject and methods: We compared daily UVI maximum and the reported COVID cases in Mexico City, New York, and Los Angeles and performed an ADONIS permutation test to look for significant differences between case numbers and its relationship with the UV index. We performed a quantile regression to explain the relation between UVI and daily COVID cases. We also investigated and analyzed other possible factors contributing to this slowdown because UVI cannot be the only explanation. Results: Although Mexican authorities have applied one of the smaller numbers of tests in the world, it is possible to identify a slowdown in Mexico's rate of infections. We found a negative and significant difference between the UV and registered cases among the three cities analyzed. However, this slowdown cannot be explained by a single factor. It is possible to hypothesize about the confluence of other factors as Vitamin D levels in Mexican population, lack of central air conditioning and the ventilation in houses and metropolitan transportation systems. Also, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination could be part of the explanation of this phenomenon. Conclusions: Single parameter models as solar irradiation can explain partially the complicated spread of COVID-19 in different parts of the world. However, it is necessary to extend our scientific understanding of environmental effects, city infrastructure, population age, vaccination schemes, socioeconomic conditions, social and political behavior on COVID-19 epidemic dynamics.
L’attribution de la qualité de preuve - une action négligée
Authors: Capus Nadja
Published: August 2020

La fonction de la preuve est centrale dans le processus de renversement de la présomption d’innocence. Or, dans un premier temps, il n’y a pas de preuve mais que des traces. Partant, cette contribution critique que l’on accorde d’un point de vue dogmatique, législatif et jurisprudentiel trop peu d’attention à cette action normative de transformation ou de qualification des éléments recueillis en preuve. Depuis la création du CPP, la distinction entre l’administration et l’exploitation des preuves passe du flou à l’obscurité totale — ce qui est démontré dans cette contribution d’un point de vue dogmatique d’abord puis en pratique par rapport à trois domaines spécifiques : les éléments recueillis par la police, par le Service de renseignement et par les personnes privées à l’interne des entreprises.
Data Usage in Talent Management – Challenges for SMEs in the Field of Skilled Crafts
Authors: Thomas George
Published: August 2020

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the main challenges and opportunities in the context of the use of innovative technologies in the management of talent in small and medium-sized craft enterprises. The systematization of literary sources and approaches has shown that the complexities of talent management processes in the personnel management system are related to the consequences of socio-economic, demographic, and climatic changes in society, the activation of globalization processes, and the rapid development of information technologies. The article analyzes the impact of digitization on the talent management process, as well as identifies the main factors that impede the transition of small and medium-sized enterprises to the use of HR software solutions. The study used methods of bibliometric analysis and predictive analytics and selected the activity of small and medium-sized craft enterprises in Germany. Literature research has shown that in most small and medium-sized craft enterprises, the decision to use innovative technology approaches to the process of talent management in small and medium-sized enterprises is the sole responsibility of the company owner. The results of data analysis using software products play an important role in reducing the risk of making wrong decisions, especially in the talent management process. In the course of the research, it is established that the use of information technologies of data processing allows us to determine the level of qualification of employees, their psychophysiological parameters, as well as to monitor the dynamics of changes of certain professional characteristics. The main threats and challenges arising from the use of information systems with elements of artificial intelligence of data processing, when managing talents, are highlighted in the work. The results presented in this article may be useful for small and medium-sized business leaders to promote the practice of using innovative technology approaches in the enterprise talent management process.

Keywords: skilled labor; digitization; human resources management; small and medium enterprises, talent management.
EVALUATION OF THE MINERALIZING POTENTIAL OF ORAL FLUID IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF THE CARIOGENIC PROCESS
Authors: Nazaryan Rosana , Kryvenko Liudmyla , Iskorostenskaya Olga , Tishkovets Yelena
Published: August 2020

Early diagnosis of dental caries in children is difficult. This fact is applied to children with Down syndrome. In order to identify predictors of dental diseases, a crystallographic method is widely used for studying oral fluid.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the mineralizing potential of oral fluid in children with Down syndrome before and after the course of preventive measures.

Material and methods. We examined oral fluid in children with Down syndrome. Children and adolescents at the age of 8 months to 17 years (n=21) were divided into groups depending on the age and the level of caries intensity. The results were compared with the data of 55 children without chromosomal pathology.

Results. The group of children with Down syndrome (MG), during the initial examination includes type II – 11 people (53 %) and type III – 7 people (33 %) microcrystallization of saliva, which generally corresponds to the situation in the group of children without chromosomal pathology (CG), where type II included 62 % (34 people) and type III – 22 % (12 people). The average value of the mineralizing potential of saliva in the main group was 2.78±0.22, and in the control group – 2.89±0.17.

Conclusions. After preventive measures during the re-examination of children with Down syndrome, there was a tendency to an increase in the level of parameters of the mineralizing potential of saliva while maintaining this level after 6 months.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF DIRECT DENTAL RESTORATIONS AFTER ENDODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors: Udod Aleksandr , Kostenko Roman
Published: August 2020

Endodontic treatment is accompanied by the loss of a significant amount of tooth crowns, which leads to a significant decrease in their strength characteristics. The restoration of endodontically treated teeth, as a rule, is carried out by the direct method, however, a unified approach regarding direct or indirect restoration has not yet been determined.

The aim – retrospective analysis of the clinical condition of direct restorations of endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods. 284 patients aged 25 to 60 years were examined; they studied the state of 888 previously performed direct restorations of the anterior and posterior teeth after endodontic treatment in a period of 2 to 10 years. Restorations were evaluated according to the adapted clinical criteria “integrity of the restoration”, “marginal fit of the material”, “marginal staining”, “anatomical shape”, “colour correspondence for the restoration”, “roughness of the surface of the material”, as well as the criterion “condition of the contact point” for located on the contact surfaces of the teeth of the restorations.

Results. Of the 888 examined direct restorations, 760 restorations (85.6±1.18 %) were located in the posterior teeth, with 562 restorations in the molars (63.3±1.62 % of the total) and 198 in the premolars (22 , 3±1.40 %), and 128 restorations (14.4±1.18 %) were detected in the anterior teeth, while in the incisors - 80 restorations (9.0±0.96 %), in the fangs – 48 (3.5±0.76 %). 720 restorations (81.1±1.31 %) were made from photocomposite materials, 97 restorations (10.9±1.05 %) from chemical curing composites, 71 (8.0±0.91 %) from glass-ionomer cements . The most common violations were colour mismatch – in 511 restorations (57.5±1.66 %), marginal staining - in 470 restorations (52.9±1.68 %), surface roughness - in 357 restorations (40.2±1.0, 65 %). More often than others, in the reconstructions of their photocomposites and glass ionomers there was a colour mismatch, and surface roughness for chemical composites.

Conclusions. For direct tooth restoration after endodontic treatment in 81.1±1.31 % of cases, photocomposite materials are used, less often chemical curing composites and glass ionomers. Of the violations of such restorations, the most frequent are colour mismatch, surface roughness and edge staining.
AN IMPROVED TRANSABDOMINAL PREPERITONEAL ALLOPLASTY FOR RECURRENT INGUINAL HERNIAS AFTER LICHTENSTEIN’S SURGERY
Authors: Feleshtynskyi Yaroslav , Shtaier Andrii
Published: August 2020

The aim. Improve results of the surgical treatment of recurrent inguinal hernias after Lichtenstein's surgery by using an advanced TAPP technique.

Materials and methods. An analysis of the surgical treatment of patients with recurrent inguinal hernias after Lichtenstein's surgery using traditional and improved preperitoneal transabdominal alloplasty (TAPP), for the period of 2012–2019, was performed. The traditional TAPP technique was performed for 52 patients who made up the 1st group. An improved TAPP technique was implemented for 53 patients who composed the 2nd group.

The features of the improved TAPP technique, which was different from the traditional one, were by additional mobilization of the parietal peritoneum by 3–4 cm along the upper edge of the defect, the mesh implant was used with a larger size in comparison to the classical one – 15×15 cm and fixed, besides the traditional points, additionally on the lower and lateral edges with medical glue Sulfacrylate.

Results. The results of surgical treatment in the early postoperative period were not significantly different and were comparable. During the long-term period, 51 patients from the 1st group, and 50 patients from the 2nd group were examined. Thus, in the first group in 4 (7.9 %) cases during 6 months period after the application of the traditional TAРР technique, chronic pain was observed on the site of the implanted mesh; among the 2nd group of patients chronic inguinal pain was not observed. In 5 (9.8 %) patients of the 1st group, the recurrence of inguinal hernia was diagnosed, instead of the 2nd group, where relapse was observed in 1 (2 %) case.

Conclusions. Thereby, the results of the traditional and improved TAPP techniques confirm the higher efficiency of the improved technique, due to the absence of the chronic inguinal pain and a lower rate of relapses, which is achieved by wider mobilization of the parietal peritoneum along the upper edge of the defect, and usage of the larger mesh and its additional fixation by gluing it at the lower lateral edge.
DYNAMICS OF STRESS LABORATORY FINDINGS AND THEIR RELATION TO PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATE DURING REGIONAL ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMBS INJURIES
Authors: Korobko Elina
Published: August 2020

The choice of an adequate method of anesthesia for surgical treatment of lower limbs injuries remains a critical task today. Each method applied in this treatment has its advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, regional anesthesia has been the preferential method.

The aim of the study. To study the stress laboratory findings and their relation to the patients’ psychoemotional state in perioperative period while performing regional and combined anesthesia.

Material and methods. It was studied 60 patients aged 18-59 years, who underwent metal osteosynthesis operations due to lower limbs injuries. Surgical treatment was performed under regional anesthesia and regional anesthesia followed by sedation. The patients of both groups were conducted heamodynamics monitoring and determined the intensity of pain in accordance with visual analogue scale and stress indicators with a laboratory method. The psychoemotional state was assessed with the Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale.

Results. According to the study it was determined, that in patients, who were planned to have surgery, significant psychoemotional stress and stress concentration of hormones in the blood and their interrelation was discovered. Patients about before surgery had a relationship between situational anxiety and cortisol r=0.7; p=0.00006 in group I; r=0.6; p=0.002 in the second group. The relationship between VAS and cortisol r=0.5; p=0.04 in groups I and II. After surgery, the connection was in group I patients between situational anxiety and cortisol r=0.4; p=0.02; the relationship between insulin and the HOMA index r=0.5; p=0.01.

Conclusions. Before the operation, all patients revealed significant psychoemotional stress and stressful changes in the concentration of hormones in the blood. Reliably pronounced dynamics of the indicators was with the use of combined conduction anaesthesia. Thus, the performed study allows to recommend combined regional anesthesia as the method of anesthesia choice, particularly in patients with high anxiety.
An effect of anti-stress feed additives on broiler productivity and meat	quality
Authors: Miftakhutdinova E. A. , Tikhonov S. L. , Tikhonova N. V. , Timakova R. T.
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the study on an impact of feed additives Peak anti-stress and SPAO (SPAO-complex) with different lithium content on meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens. The feed additives exert a pronounced metabolic effect, have adaptogen properties and allow forming a mechanism that facilitates compensation of the expenditure of the body, which significantly increases upon stress development. It was established that the average daily gain of the broiler chickens increased by 1.8% and 4.3% on the background of using SPAO-complex and Peak anti-stress, respectively, compared to the broiler chickens that did not receive the feed additives in the daily diet. It was shown that addition of feed additives with lithium into a diet led to an improvement of the indices of broiler meat productivity and meat quality: a level of yield of the carcasses of the 1st category increased up to 56.2–79.1%, high organoleptic indices of meat were ensured, the protein content in white and red chicken meat increased and functional-technological properties of minced meat improved. The use of feed additives ensured profitability of industrial poultry production; the highest indices of profitability were established upon introduction of the feed additive Peak anti-stress into a diet — up to 8.67 rubles per each ruble of expenses. The obtained results of the study should be taken into consideration in the technological processes when raising broiler chickens.
The electrohydraulic method for meat tenderization and curing
Authors: Ermoshin N. A. , Romanchikov S. A. , Nikolyuk O. I.
Published: August 2020

The paper examines the problem of meat raw material curing in production of whole-piece meat products. The intensification methods for the process of penetration and distribution of curing ingredients throughout a product are described. Design of the equipment for meat tenderization URM-1 and URMP-1 is proposed, which ensure electrohydraulic tenderization of the structure of whole-piece (1500–2000 g) and portioned (80–120 g) meat semi-finished products and accelerate a process of brine distribution, which will allow reducing product strength characteristics by 51–53 kg/cm, reducing raw material losses, increasing labor productivity by 8–11%, shortening the duration of the technological process and reducing energy expenditure upon heat treatment by 18–20%. As a result of the experimental investigations, it was established that an electrohydraulic impact (frequency of pulses v = 0.5–1.0 pulse/sec., number of pulses from 150 to 200) can be used for tenderization of muscle connective tissue and tendons both of chilled (core temperature of 0 °C to 4 °C) and subfrozen (–2 °C to 3 °C) meat.
New Mineral Names*,†
Authors: Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Cámara Fernando , Uvarova Yulia
Published: August 2020

In this issue

This New Mineral Names has entries for 16 new minerals, including, ariegilatite, aurihydrargyrumite, carmeltazite, cerromojonite, dargaite, ewingite, fiemmeite horákite, nöggerathite-(Ce), paddlewheelite, parafiniukite, sharyginite, thalhammerite, thermaerogenite, tiberiobardiite, and verneite.
Abnormality of “butterfly” sign of choroid plexus: new ultrasound marker
of fetal open spinal defects in the first trimester
Authors: M.A. Esetov, , G.M. Bekeladze , A.M. Esetov
Published: August 2020

Results of retrospective assessment of the choroid plexus pattern obtained from 17 fetuses with open spinal
defects during ultrasound screening between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation are presented. To obtain the picture of
the “butterfly” sign conducted a study of the axial plane of the fetal brain at the level of roof third ventricle with
a correction of verticality. The absence of a typical “butterfly” picture is noted in all fetuses with spina bifida at
11–14 weeks of gestation. Prospective studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of the choroid plexus picture
change for screening in the first trimester.
Extrachorial placentation. Part 1. Realities and potential of ultrasound
diagnosis
Authors: À.Å. Volkov
Published: August 2020

Аn analysis of the ultrasound diagnosis of extrachorial type of placentation (EPT): placenta circumvallata
and placenta placenta marginata is presented. The frequency of prenatal ultrasound detection of EPT was 0.77 %
(319/41 626). In the postanatal period EPT was noted in 3.14 %. Issues of ultrasound imaging and low detection
of EPT during pregnancy were discussed.
Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and virulence of Enterococcus spp. from wastewater treatment plant effluent and receiving waters in South Africa
Authors: Molale-Tom L. G. , Bezuidenhout C. C.
Published: August 2020

Poorly operating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) result in faecal pollution of receiving waters, posing a health risk to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and presence of virulent genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from three WWTPs' final effluent and receiving waters in the North West Province, South Africa. Sixty-three Enterococcus spp. were identified and their antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as the presence of five virulence genes, determined. The antibiotic inhibition zone diameter data were subject to cluster analysis. Sixty-eight percent of the screened Enterococcus spp. were resistant to three or more antibiotics and harboured plasmids. Five virulence genes were detected and six multi-virulence profiles observed. Cluster analysis indicated groupings of isolates from all three effluent points downstream together, and between plants 1 and 2 together. The findings of this study have demonstrated that Enterococcus spp. harbouring virulence factors and plasmids that mediate multiple antibiotic resistance are present in effluent and receiving water systems that support various social needs. This is a cause for concern and it is recommended that Enterococcus be used as an additional faecal indicator when microbiological quality of water is assessed.