bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un parque para cada pueblo : Julio Enrique Monagas and the Politics of Sport and Recreation in Puerto Rico during the 1940s
Authors: Sotomayor Antonio
Published: July 2015

Durant les années 40, Porto Rico bénéficia de l’essor économique survenu aux États-Unis après la deuxième Guerre mondiale. Profitant de cet afflux de capitaux, selon une idéologie de justice sociale la Commission des sports et loisirs du gouvernement portoricain, présidée par Julio Enrique Monagas, a mit en place un programme de construction d’installations sportif et de loisirs à travers l’île. Les stades furent construits en masse non seulement dans les zones urbaines mais aussi dans les zones rurales, un processus qui par la suite sera appeler « révolution sportive ». Par le biais de cette Commission des sports, le gouvernement expliquait que l’objectif de ce vaste projet de construction n’était que pour moderniser le système sportif et répondre au besoin de la societé. Toutefois, cette politique de sports et loisirs découlait plus d’exigences la part du public pour des meilleures installations et de programmes sportifs. Ainsi, l’un des enjeux de ce programme, connu sur le nom « Un parque para cada pueblo » (Un parc pour chaque ville), fut le motif des au-delà d’une modernisation des infrastructures attendue de longue date, devait contribuer à améliorer la société. Toutefois, cette politique de sports et loisirs découlait plus d’exigences accrues de la part du public pour des installations et des programmes que de décisions gouvernementales venues d’en haut. Ainsi, un des enjeux de ce programme, aussi connu comme « Un parque para cada pueblo » (Un parc pour chaque ville), fut la négociation des termes d’une relation hégémonique entre le Partido Popular Democrático émergent, les citoyens, et le colonialisme nord-américain.
Introduction
Authors: Jefferson Ann , Perras Jean-Alexandre
Published: July 2015

Ce collectif s’intéresse au statut problématique que possède la notion de génie, du Moyen âge au XXI e siècle. Il souligne la variété des constructions dont le génie a fait l’objet dans son histoire, de même que les modalités de son utilisation en fonction des contextes de son élaboration. Malgré l’apparent consensus qu’il suscite, le génie apparaît comme un lieu de débat, à travers lequel se négocient tant les normes de production des discours, les modes de transmission du passé, l’intégration de l’innovation dans le cours de l’usage, que les échelles de valeurs et les hiérarchies, les conditions du vivre ensemble.
On the Physiology of Genius: Pro/creativity in Nineteenth-Century France
Authors: Paliyenko Adrianna M.
Published: July 2015

In his writings about physiology, Julien-Joseph Virey (1776-1846) posited that sperm was not only a vital physical principle but also the seed of genius, albeit not without resistance. Beginning in the late 1850s, progressive thinkers of both sexes incorporated advances in embryology, which had emerged as early as 1827, to contest the idea that genius has a sex. This article considers the blend of generative and creative power maintained by Virey and like-minded thinkers, which failed as a scientific model but worked discursively to keep women out of the so-called biological origins of genius as well as literary culture.
L’enfant prodige, ou le génie sur la sellette
Authors: Jefferson Ann
Published: July 2015

L’association durable entre le génie, la jeunesse et la précocité se manifeste particulièrement à travers la figure de l’enfant prodige. Incontournable dans la littérature de jeunesse du XIX e siècle, sous-produit du test de IQ développé par Alfred Binet, elle a été incarnée par Minou Drouet, l’enfant poète qui a accaparé l’imagination du public français vers 1950. Dans tous les cas analysés ici, il apparaît nécessaire que les enfants prodiges authentifient leur génie par quelque performance destinée à convaincre un public d’adultes, ce qui a comme conséquence paradoxale de remettre en cause l’existence même de ce génie qu’ils sont sensés exemplifier.
Fontenelle’s Newton and the Uses of Genius
Authors: Schaffer Simon
Published: July 2015

The meaning of genius in public discourses on eighteenth-century sciences was exceptionally ambiguous and conflicted. These meanings can be explored and their uses documented in the case of Bernard de Fontenelle’s éloges , pronounced as secretary of the Académie Royale des Sciences during the early eighteenth century. His remarkable éloge of Isaac Newton, delivered in November 1727, skilfully used the various senses of the notion of genius both to explain the grandeur of the Englishman’s achievements and to offer a critique of fundamental aspects of Newtonian sciences and culture.
Observations on Collective Numerals in Standard Croatian
Authors: Lučić Radovan
Published: July 2015

In present-day Croatian there is quite a large discrepancy between the actual usage of numerals and their description in major normative works. This discrepancy seems to be most present in the case of collective numerals, which are normally described as quantifiers for the elements making up a group of mixed gender. The actual usage of many instances of declensions and agreement of collective numerals often remains unexplained. In the classic Hrvatska gramatika (Barić et al. 2005: 219), for example, seven different forms are given for the dative as well as the locative case and four different forms for the genitive. When or how exactly a specific form is used remains unclear. Most Croatian grammars pay very little attention to the agreement of collective numerals and give only nominal agreement in the genitive and some remarks on possible verbal agreement in the singular and the plural. Conditions for the choice between the alternatives are generally not discussed. This paper attempts to distinguish between the morphological and semantic principles of classification. Furthermore, it describes and discusses the declension, distribution, and agreement of collective numerals in present-day spoken Croatian. This is done without adopting a theoretical stance: this study is limited to the comparison of the treatment of collective numerals in different grammars, and the investigation of the extent to which this treatment reflects the actual usage as found in hits sampled from the Internet and the Croatian National Corpus (HNK).
Robot Lies in Health Care: When Is Deception Morally Permissible?
Authors: Matthias Andreas
Published: July 2015

Autonomous robots are increasingly interacting with users who have limited knowledge of robotics and are likely to have an erroneous mental model of the robot’s workings, capabilities, and internal structure. The robot’s real capabilities may diverge from this mental model to the extent that one might accuse the robot’s manufacturer of deceiving the user, especially in cases where the user naturally tends to ascribe exaggerated capabilities to the machine (e.g. conversational systems in elder-care contexts, or toy robots in child care). This poses the question, whether misleading or even actively deceiving the user of an autonomous artifact about the capabilities of the machine is morally bad and why. By analyzing trust, autonomy, and the erosion of trust in communicative acts as consequences of deceptive robot behavior, we formulate four criteria that must be fulfilled in order for robot deception to be morally permissible, and in some cases even morally indicated.
HPV and the Ethics of CDC’s Vaccination Requirements for Immigrants
Authors: Navin Mark
Published: July 2015

The United States may justifiably exclude unvaccinated aliens, perhaps even under the assumption of Open Borders, according to which people should generally be permitted to settle in countries of their choosing. Furthermore, there are good reasons to endorse the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) current vaccination-related exclusion criteria, which were last revised in 2009. I frame my discussion around CDC’s 2008 decision to permit immigrant girls and women to be excluded if they were not vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV)—a decision that was quickly reversed and that led to the 2009 revisions to CDC’s vaccination-related immigrant exclusion criteria.
Gamete Donor Consent and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research
Authors: Siegel Andrew W.
Published: July 2015

There is a lack of consensus on whether the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from embryos remaining after infertility treatment morally require the informed consent of third-party gamete donors who contributed to the creation of the embryos. The principal guidelines for oversight and funding of hESC research in the United States make minimal or no demands for consent from gamete donors. In this article, I consider the arguments supporting and opposing gamete donor consent for hESC research and embryo research more broadly. I argue that it is not morally permissible to use leftover embryos in research without the informed consent of gamete donors, and that we should place restrictions on the use of existing hESC lines that may have been derived without informed consent. While the standard argument for this position relies on an appeal to gamete donors’ interest in controlling what happens with their genetic material, I identify shortcomings with the standard approach and seek instead to locate the deeper moral foundations for gamete donor consent in rights to bodily integrity.
Reframing the Boundaries of Household and Text in Hou Honglou Meng
Authors: Moyer Jessica Dvorak
Published: July 2015

Hou honglou meng (1796) (Later dream of the red chamber) is the earliest sequel to Cao Xueqin’s Honglou meng (Dream of the red chamber). It does more than redeem the romantic tragedy of the parent novel: it also intervenes to strengthen the dissolving Jia household and family structure and offers a conscious act of literary critique on the novel. Hou honglou meng deliberately intervenes in the parent novel's metafictionality, reconstructs the Jia mansion and redraws its boundaries, and rewrites its family dynamics with a new balance of emotion (qing) and ritual (li). In the process it offers new visions of the wealthy household, of romance and marriage, of the domestic novel as a genre, and of the relationship between text, author(s), readers, and critics.
On Remembering John Winberry and the Study of Confederate Monuments on the Southern Landscape
Authors: Leib Jonathan , Webster Gerald R.
Published: July 2015

El fallecido John Winberry fue un erudito prolífico a través de sus más de tres décadas de carrera académica en la Universidad de Carolina del Sur. Al profesor Winberry se le recuerda hoy, en términos de su investigación sobre el sur de los Estado Unidos, por su importante obra a principios de los 80 sobre la geografía de los monumentos confederados que se encuentran en cementerios y plazas de los juzgados a través del paisaje sureño. En este trabajo, proponemos que sus investigaciones todavía son actuales por dos motivos: primero, su considerable detalle en localizar los monumentos confederados tanto en el tiempo como en el espacio, y segundo, por sus observaciones acerca del lugar de estos monumentos, sus significados y la manera en que esos significados cambiaron a través del tiempo. Sus observaciones, que navegan entre paradigmas modernistas y post-modernistas, fueron precursoras de una gran parte del trabajo que se ha venido haciendo durante los últimos veinte años por una nueva generación de eruditos en la política de la memoria en el sur de los Estados Unidos.
Simplifying Glasgow Coma Scale Use for Nurses; This paper has been withdrawn.
Authors: AL-Quraan Hamza , AbuRuz Mohannad
Published: July 2015

This paper has been withdrawn.
Examining English Language Arts Common Core State Standards Instruction through Cultural Historical Activity Theory
Authors: Barrett-Tatum Jennifer
Published: July 2015

The English Language Arts Common Core State Standards and corresponding assessments brought about many changes for educators, their literacy instruction, and the literacy learning of their students. This study examined the day-to-day literacy instruction of two primary grade teachers during their first year of full CCSS implementation. Engestrӧm’s Third Generation Cultural Historical Activity Theory is utilized as both a theoretical framework and a method for analysis to provide a rich description of the complex environment in which literacy instruction and learning occur. The ELA standards functioned as the primary objects of literacy instruction and literacy learning activities are discussed within the context of the larger cultural framework where the teachers interpret and implement these standards. Findings from this study illuminate the complex and interrelated influences of ELA CCSS, and reveal the power of the individual teacher in constructing the literacy learning opportunities.
Do Algorithms Homogenize Students’ Achievements in Secondary School Better Than Teachers’ Tracking Decisions?
Authors: Klapproth Florian
Published: July 2015

Two objectives guided this research. First, this study examined how well teachers’ tracking decisions contribute to the homogenization of their students’ achievements. Second, the study explored whether teachers’ tracking decisions would be outperformed in homogenizing the students’ achievements by statistical models of tracking decisions. These models were akin to teachers’ decisions in that they were based on the same information teachers are supposed to use when making tracking decisions. It was found that the assignments of students to the different tracks made either by teachers or by the models allowed for the homogenization of the students’ achievements for both test scores and school marks. Moreover, the models’ simulations of tracking decisions were more effective in the homogenization of achievement than were the tracking decisions, if the students assigned to the different tracks were at the center of the achievement distribution. For the remaining students, there was no significant difference found between teachers’ tracking decisions and the models’ simulations thereof. The reason why algorithms produced more homogeneous groups was assumed to be due to the higher consistency of model decisions compared to teacher decisions.
60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: MEMOIR: Geoffrey Harris and my brush with his unit
Authors: Raisman Geoffrey
Published: July 2015

Geoffrey Harris is chiefly known for his demonstration of the control of the pituitary gland by the portal vessels coming from the hypothalamus. This does not do justice to his extraordinary contribution to biology. Harris' life's work was central in demonstrating the brain/body interactions by which animals and humans adapt to their environment, and above all the control of that most crucial and proximate of all evolutionary events – reproduction. In this brief review, I have tried to put Geoffrey Harris' work in the context of the scientific thinking at the time when he began his work, and above all, the contribution of his mentor, FHA Marshall, on whose towering shoulders Harris rose. But this is mainly my personal story, in which I have tried to show the debt that my work owed to Harris and especially to my dear friend, the late Keith Brown-Grant in Harris' team. I myself was never an endocrinologist, but over a short period in the early 1970s, under the influence of such inspirational mentors, and using purely anatomical methods, I was able to demonstrate sexual dimorphism and hormone-dependent sexual differentiation in the connections of the preoptic area, regeneration of the median eminence, the ultrastructure of apoptosis, the requirement for the suprachiasmatic nuclei in reproductive rhythms, the existence of non-rod or cone photoreceptors in the albino rat retina and, later, the expression of vasopressin by solitary (one in 600) magnocellular neurons in the polydipsic di/di Brattleboro mutant rat; this phenomenon was subsequently shown to be due to a+1 reading frameshift. I end this brief overview by mentioning some of the abiding and fascinating mysteries of the endocrine memory of the brain that arise from Harris' work on the control of the endocrines, and by pointing out how the current interest in chronobiology emphasises what a Cinderella the endocrine mechanisms have become in current brain imaging studies.
Diseño de Elecciones colectivas y Agregación de Preferencias: Del Miedo y la Retórica a la Teoría de Juegos y el Neuromarketing
Authors: Murillo Marco Fidel Zambrano
Published: July 2015

El presente trabajo busca describir el desarrollo histórico del conjunto de tecnologías y dispositivos discursivos, racionales, cognitivos y de ingeniería política encaminados a modelar e influir en los procesos mediante los cuales las comunidades y sociedades realizan sus elecciones colectivas, legitimando en este proceso sus niveles de cohesión social y paradójicamente los mecanismos con los cuales se reafirma la dominación política. Se resalta básicamente dos alternativas en las elecciones colectivas frente a la cual se encuentran las sociedades contemporáneas: Una alternativa basada en la información plena (verdad) y la construcción moral de consensos. Otra alternativa basada en el miedo, la distorsión de información (falsedad), el engaño y la manipulación de las estructuras de decisión. 
La Globalización económica y los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Zambrano Sonia Patricia Cortés
Published: July 2015

Analizar la globalización a la luz de los Derechos Humanos, nos enfrenta a la dinámica que actualmente existe entre el modelo económico de dominación y su discursos funcional de legitimación. Podemos preguntarnos si ésta es la única relación posible, si están los Derechos Humanos condenados a ser una justificación del modelo macroeconómico y si la globalización económica sólo puede tener un contenido opuesto a la calidad de vida de los individuos.
Un recorrido por los Derechos colectivos en la jurisprudencia argentina
Authors: Posada Nohora Elena Pardo
Published: July 2015

La jurisprudencia argentina así como su legislación reconoce la tutela judicial de los derechos de incidencia colectiva por mandato de la reforma constitucional del año de 1994 art 43 y siguientes, normas que son interpretadas por la Corte Suprema de la Nación en sus pronunciamientos judiciales, a partir de ellos se ha establecido el alcance de los artículos constitucionales mencionados, como la legitimación en materia colectiva.  Se presenta el tema investigado dividido en cuatro etapas que comienzan  con el fallo Toninas en el año de 1983 hasta la demanda interpuesta por la unión de usuarios y consumidores contra telefónica comunicaciones personales S.A, donde se verifican los efectos comunes para los sujetos afectados, propios de la protección colectiva.
El rol del profesorado en el manejo de la violencia escolar
Authors: Lesmes Sandra Luz Castro , Cardona Mariela Inés Sánchez , Rodríguez Javier Hernán Sánchez
Published: July 2015

El artículo recoge una de las dimensiones que se construyeron en la investigación “Bullying: Construcción de lo Social en instituciones educativas, respuestas pedagógicas” de la Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó Centro Regional Bogotá.

 

En este artículo se aborda la influencia del profesorado, en el marco de las relaciones de convivencia en los escenarios escolares. Analizando los problemas de convivencia al interior de los colegios, se tiende a pensar que los orígenes de los fenómenos de violencia escolar como es el caso del bullying, se explican o por la existencia de relaciones familiares inadecuadas, o por los problemas sociopolíticos del país. Frente a lo anterior, es evidente que faltan estudios que se ocupen de analizar en qué medida el tipo de interacción del profesorado con sus estudiantes, la manera como se comunica y ejerce la facultad de poder en los escenarios escolares, puede generar agresión a nivel físico, verbal como psicológico. En cuanto al  tema, Romero Hernández (2009, p. 59), plantea que la facultad de poder puede utilizarse de forma positiva o negativa al interior de la comunidad educativa. En las ocasiones que se ejerce dicha potestad inadecuadamente ha sido observable que puede generar conductas de egocentrismo, imposición, explotación, adoctrinamiento, opresión, tiranía, humillación, entre otras, lo que incide negativamente en la calidad de los procesos formativos, de la convivencia escolar y de la gestión de los proyectos educativos institucionales.

 

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar la necesidad de no subvalorar ni restar importancia al tipo de relación propuesta por el profesorado con los estudiantes, como posible factor generador violencia escolar que puede obstaculizar el desarrollo de una cultura de paz en las instituciones educativas.

 

El artículo contiene  tres apartados, en el primero, se plantea a groso modo los aspectos metodológicos, en el segundo se analiza como el quehacer del profesorado, puede contribuir a la de violencia en las aulas. En el tercero y último apartado se plantea, como la educación para la paz, fortalece una verdadera cultura de paz en las aulas de clase, la cual contribuye a la prevención  del fenómeno del acoso escolar en las instituciones educativas.   
Derechos humanos: herramienta para resolver conflictos escolares en la discriminación de género
Authors: Bejarano Saira Alejandra Caicedo
Published: July 2015

Este artículo se encuentra encaminado a recopilar y analizar cómo los marcos de los organismos que diseñan y ejecutan la  política educativa sobre Derechos Humanos establecidos en los currículos escolares, desarrollan competencias en los estudiantes para resolver conflictos escolares en la discriminación de género.  Contexto del cual se parte para evidenciar las políticas de igualdad de género que se presentan en Colombia dentro de las instituciones educativas con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico de las falencias de las mismas.
Política, poder e Internet: Nuevas posibilidades frente a viejos dilemas
Authors: Sierra Jerónimo Ríos
Published: July 2015

Internet y las nuevas tecnologías han reconfigurado la relación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil en torno al binomio conformado por el poder y la política. Bajo esta tesitura convergen nuevas posibilidades y viejos dilemas que deben adaptarse a dinámicas cambiantes, actuales, como la transterritorialidad de los movimientos sociales, la (auto) comunicación de masas o la redefinición del sentido de modernidad.

 

Así, la sociedad civil desarrolla, gracias a Internet, un entramado organizativo, comunicativo y de participación que sirve de caldo de cultivo óptimo para la representación de nuevas disputas frente a un Estado-nación que sigue siendo, pese a todo, el referente en cuanto al análisis del poder formalmente institucionalizado.
Adalékok az időskori maculadegeneráció – etiopatogeneziséből fakadó – nem gyógyszeres intervenciójához
Authors: Fischer Tamás
Published: July 2015

It has a great therapeutic significance that the disorder of the vascular endothelium, which supplies the affected ocular structures, plays a major role in the development of age-related macular degeneration. Chronic inflammation is closely linked to diseases associated with endothelial dysfuncition and age-related macular degeneration is accompanied by a general inflammatory response. The vascular wall including those in chorioids may be activated by several repeated and/or prolonged mechanical, physical, chemical, microbiological, immunologic and genetic factors causing a protracted host defence response with a consequent vascular damage, which leads to age-related macular degeneration. Based on this concept, age-related macular degeneration is a local manifestation of the systemic vascular disease. This recognition should have therapeutic implications because restoration of endothelial dysfunction can stabilize the condition of chronic vascular disease including age-related macular degeneration, as well. Restoration of endothelial dysfunction by non-pharmacological or pharmacological interventions may prevent the development or improve endothelial dysfunction resulting in prevention or improvement of age-related macular degeneration. Non-pharmacological interventions which may have beneficial effect in endothelial dysfunction include (1) smoking cessation; (2) reduction of increased body weight; (3) adequate physical activity; (4) appropriate diet (a) proper dose of flavonoids, polyphenols and kurcumin; (b) omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid; (c) carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthins), (d) management of dietary glycemic index, (e) caloric restriction, and (5) elimination of stressful lifestyle. Non-pharmacological interventions should be preferable even if medicaments are also used for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(28), 1128–1132.
Nem-konvencionális gyógymódok a háziorvos szemszögéből
Authors: Soós Sándor Árpád , Eőry Ajándék , Eőry Ajándok , Harsányi László , Kalabay László
Published: July 2015

Introduction: The patients initiate the use of complementary and alternative medicine and this often remains hidden from their primary care physician. Aim: To explore general practitioners’ knowledge and attitude towards complementary and alternative medicine, and study the need and appropriate forms of education, as well as ask their opinion on integration of alternative medicine into mainstream medicine. Method: A voluntary anonymous questionnaire was used on two conferences for general practitioners organized by the Family Medicine Department of Semmelweis University. Complementary and alternative medicine was defined by the definition of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and certified modalities were all listed. Results: 194 general practitioners answered the questionnaire (39.8% response rate). 14% of the responders had licence in at least one complementary and alternative medicine modalities, 45% used complementary and alternative medicine in their family in case of illnesses. It was the opinion of the majority (91.8%) that it was necessary to be familiar with every method used by their patients, however, 82.5% claimed not to have enough knowledge in complementary medicine. Graduate and postgraduate education in the field was thought to be necessary by 86% of the responders; increased odds for commitment in personal education was found among female general practitioners, less than 20 years professional experience and personal experience of alternative medicine. Conclusions: These data suggest that general practitioners would like to know more about complementary and alternative medicine modalities used by their patients. They consider education of medical professionals necessary and a special group is willing to undergo further education in the field. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(28), 1133–1139.
Aorta–bal kamra tunnel sikeres sebészi kezelése modern noninvazív képalkotó diagnosztika alapján
Authors: Hartyánszky István , Katona Márta , Kádár Krisztina , Apor Asztrid , Varga Sándor , Simon Judit , Tóth Attila , Karácsony Tünde , Bogáts Gábor
Published: July 2015

Aortico-left ventricular tunnel is a rare congenital cardiac defect, which bypasses the aortic valve via the paravalvar connection from the aorta to the left ventricle. The authors report the history of a 14-year-old boy with aortico-left ventricular tunnel in whom the aortic orifice arose from the right aortic sinus and was closed by a pericardial patch. The diagnosis was confirmed by combined two-dimensional and real time three-dimensional echocardiogram and magnetic resonance imaging. This is the first case, in which these complex diagnostic imaging methods have been used in the pre- and postoperative management of this defect. Optimally the new transthoratic three-dimensional echocardiography would be needed to define the anatomy and functional consequences of the aortico-left ventricular tunnel and in the postoperative follow-up. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(28), 1140–1143.
O PLANEJAMENTO DO ENSINO EM UM PROGRAMA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE
Authors: Scarinci Anne L. , Pacca Jesuína L. A.
Published: July 2015

Um grande problema a ser enfrentado é como concretizar ações de formação docente que superem a dicotomia teoria-prática. Em um programa de desenvolvimento profissional docente com tais intenções, analisamos como o formador conduziu o aprendizado sobre o planejamento e também o modo como foram concretizados os objetivos específicos e gerais do programa. Observamos que o tema surgiu de uma necessidade expressa pelos participantes, em relato sobre sua prática, e que a condução da discussão pelo formador pode ser descrita em quatro fases, desde a abertura de espaço para o surgimento do problema desencadeador, até um desfecho que sintetiza o conhecimento alcançado. O formador trabalhou a partir da prática docente dos professores participantes, iniciou os episódios de ensino pela atitude de ouvir o professor e manteve ações coerentes com a prática pedagógica desejada. Em síntese, a pesquisa permitiu evidenciar traços significativos do desenvolvimento profissional, observáveis em atuações específicas, pertinentes e apropriadas do professor frente a situações da sala de aula.
A PRESERVAÇÃO DA INFÂNCIA: ANÁLISE DE DISCURSOS SOBRE A CRIANÇA EM PERIGO MORAL (PORTUGAL, 1910-1916)
Authors: Henriques Helder M. G. , Vilhena Carla Cardoso
Published: July 2015

Neste trabalho procuramos analisar os discursos sobre a infância em perigo moral que circularam em Portugal nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Partindo do princípio de que um dos resultados da reconstrução da concepção de delinquência infantil, que ocorreu naquele período, é a emergência da categoria de crianças de risco, que se torna alvo privilegiado de um conjunto de ações profiláticas cuja principal finalidade é a prevenção da delinquência, procedemos à análise da legislação de proteção à infância e do periódico A Tutoria - Revista mensal defensora da infância, publicado entre 1912 e 1916. Esta análise teve como principais objetivos: compreender o processo de construção da criança em perigo moral, descrever a sua transformação numa questão pública e analisar as estratégias desenvolvidas no sentido de assegurar a sua normalidade.
CONCURSO PÚBLICO PARA DIRETOR NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL PAULISTA: EXPECTATIVAS DOS ÓRGÃOS CENTRAIS DO ENSINO E CONCEPÇÕES DE DIRETORES
Authors: Hojas Viviani Fernanda
Published: July 2015

A partir da análise dos editais e das provas dos concursos públicos para provimento do cargo de diretor de escola realizados na rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo e das concepções de diretores, este artigo pretende identificar as expectativas dos órgãos centrais de ensino em relação à atuação desses profissionais e o pensamento administrativo que supostamente orientou e/ou orienta a administração das escolas públicas paulistas. O estudo dos editais e das provas permitiu observar que o perfil almejado para diretor de escola sofreu alterações significativas ao longo do tempo sob influência de aspectos políticos, econômicos, sociais e educacionais. A investigação das concepções dos diretores, por sua vez, parece reacender a necessidade de construção de uma teoria específica para a atividade administrativa escolar.
A EXPERIÊNCIA ESCOLAR E A SOCIALIZAÇÃO PRÉ-PROFISSIONAL DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Gariglio José Ângelo
Published: July 2015

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de caráter biográfico com dois professores de Educação Física. O estudo teve como objetivo central analisar as repercussões de experiências pré-profissionais vividas como estudantes da educação básica desses professores no desenvolvimento de modelos de ação profissional como professores de Educação Física no interior da escola. Buscamos identificar em que medida esse tempo e ambiente de socialização primária (família, ambiente da vida, educação no sentido lato) participaram ou participam do processo de constituição de crenças e certezas sobre o ensino e a docência em Educação Física na escola. O estudo aponta que essa experiência de pré-profissional tem impactos nas percepções que os professores têm acerca do papel da Educação Física no currículo escolar e de um estilo de ensino que seria próprio do professor de Educação Física.
Malestar psicológico, disfunción familiar, maltrato de estudiantes durante la niñez en una universidad privada de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Gómez Juan Daniel , Mann Robert , Hamilton Hayley , Erickson Pat , Brands Bruna , Giesbrecht Norman , Wright Maria da Gloria , Cumsille Francisco , Sapag Jaime , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

Estudio derivado de una investigación exploratoria, correlacional-descriptiva, que estudió retrospectivamente el maltrato durante la infancia y su posible relación con el uso de sustancias psicoactivantes entre estudiantes universitarios. El maltrato infantil auto-reportado se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Experiencias Adversas Durante la Niñez, y para evaluar la disfunción familiar y el malestar psicológico (distress) se aplicó la Escala de Kessler (K10) a 302 estudiantes. Los principales indicadores de maltrato infantil fueron: negligencia =18,2%; maltrato emocional =17.9%; maltrato físico =13.6%; abuso sexual =2.0%. Otros indicadores relevantes fueron: madre/cuidadora agredida, 9.3%; madre/cuidadora golpeada repetidamente por al menos algunos minutos, 5.3%; y madre/cuidadora herida con arma blanca o de fuego, 3.6%. Se concluye que existe relación entre el "abuso emocional y el "abuso físico", y entre el "abuso emocional" y la "disfunción familiar" así como la detección de violencia de género en familias según estrato socioeconómico.
Relación entre el consumo de drogas y maltrato infantil entre estudiantes universitarios de la universidad en Colombia
Authors: Baquero Monica Rosaura Garcia , Mann Robert , Hamilton Hayley , Erickson Pat , Brands Bruna , Giesbrecht Norman , Wright Maria da Glória Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Sapag Jaime , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

Esta investigación examina la relación entre el uso de drogas en estudiantes de una Universidad Pública en Villavicencio, Colombia, y su relación con el maltrato durante la niñez, utilizando como referente teórico la perspectiva bioecológica. Estudio exploratorio retrospectivo, con una muestra de 313 estudiantes de pregrado. El 10.2% de los encuestados refiere haber sido maltratado en la Infancia y la violencia de mayor uso fue la violencia física seguida de la violencia psicológica. El 56.9% de las estudiantes encuestados han consumido sustancias psicoactivas en algún momento de la vida, y su inicio entre los 13 y los 18 años. Se evidencia maltrato en la infancia con manifestaciones de agresiones físicas, al igual que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, pero no se observa una relación estadísticamente significativa entre maltrato durante la infancia y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la muestra estudiada.
Uso de drogas en estudiantes de una universidad de El Salvador y su relación con el maltrato durante la niñez
Authors: Amaya Cristina de , Mann Robert , Hamilton Hayley , Erickson Pat , Brands Bruna , Giesbrecht Norman , Wright Maria da Gloria Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Sapag Jaime , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi examinar a relação entre o uso e o abuso de drogas e maus-tratos durante a infância em estudantes universitários na cidade de San Salvador, El Salvador. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, de corte transversal, com uma amostra de 272 estudantes. Os resultados indicaram que 43% (118) dos alunos relataram ter consumido drogas em algum momento da vida; as drogas mais utilizadas nos últimos 12 meses foram álcool (14%), maconha (9,3%) e tabaco (7%). Os abusos físico e verbal foram os tipos mais comuns de abuso e, menos frequente, porém existente, foi o abuso sexual. Ter amigos que usam drogas foi um fator de risco para o uso e abuso de drogas. Existe uma relação direta entre o uso/abuso de drogas e o abuso físico na infância, sendo essa associação estatisticamente significantiva (<0.005).
Psychological maltreatment and its relationship with substance abuse among university students in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Longman-Mills Samantha , Haye Winston De La , Hamilton Hayley A , Brands Bruna , Wright Maria da Gloria , Cumsille Francisco , Mann Robert , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

The high prevalence of substance abuse in Jamaica, highlights the need to understand the drivers of substance abuse. Experiencing psychological maltreatment (emotional abuse and neglect) during childhood has been suggested to be a risk factor for substance abuse. This study investigates the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and adult substance abuse among Jamaican university students. Three hundred and eighty two (382) university students were selected using systematic sampling techniques. They completed a Kessler Psychological Distress Scale questionnaire, as well as items selected from the Adverse Childhood Experiences and CICAD Drug Use questionnaires. 66.7% had experienced psychological maltreatment. Chi-square analyses identified a significant relationship between experiencing psychological maltreatment and substance abuse (p<0.05). This research provides evidence in support of a link between exposure to childhood psychological maltreatment and substance abuse in adulthood.
Relación entre el abuso sexual en la infancia y el uso de drogas ilícitas en estudiantes de una universidad pública en Nicaragua
Authors: Rodríguez Marlon Osman Meléndez , Mann Robert , Hamilton Hayley , Erickson Pat , Brands Bruna , Giesbrecht Norman , Castillo Ever Téllez , Gutiérrez Luis Zambrana , Wright Maria da Gloria Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Sapag Jaime , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

Las drogas ilícitas junto con el abuso sexual durante la infancia son responsables de una considerable morbilidad en el mundo. Los resultados del presente estudio muestran que el abuso sexual fue reportada por el 8.9% [IC95% (6.1%, 11.8%)] de los encuestados. La prevalencia del consumo de drogas ilícitas (Cannabis, Cocaína, Éxtasis ó Heroína) en el último año fue del 15.5% [IC95% (11.8%, 19.2%)]. Después de haber ajustado los Modelos Lineales Generalizados por sexo, edad y procedencia de los estudiantes, se determinó que estudiantes del sexo femenino que fueron víctima de abuso sexual durante la infancia tienen 2.3 [p=0.01; IC95%; (1.2, 4.5)] más posibilidades de consumir drogas ilícitas en comparación con estudiantes del sexo femenino que no sufrieron de este tipo de abusos. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la magnitud del abuso sexual durante la infancia y su relación, a largo plazo, en el consumo de drogas ilícitas.
Spirituality, gender, and drug use among students from one University in Barbados
Authors: Jules Mia Amour , Noh Samuel , Hamilton Hayley , Brands Bruna , Gastaldo Denise , Wright Maria da Gloria Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

The research aimed to clarify the relationships between spirituality, gender, and drug use among undergraduate students of one university in Barbados. A quota sample of 250 students was required from the Faculty of Social Sciences as the study was part of a larger multi-centric study involving students from the Faculty of Social Sciences from seven other participating countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Significant negative relationships were found between a student's level of spirituality and their licit and illicit drug use over the past 12 and three months. Males and females also differed significantly in terms of illicit drug use (past 12 and three months). However no gender differences were found as it related to licit drug use. Moreover, females possessed significantly higher levels of spirituality than their male counterparts. Further qualitative research should be conducted among this age group within the Barbadian context to better explain these findings.
Consumo de drogas entre estudantes universitários: família, espiritualidade e entretenimento moderando a influência dos pares
Authors: Zeferino Maria Terezinha , Hamilton Halley , Brands Bruna , Wright Maria da Glória Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória, com desenho transversal que investigou o papel da família, da espiritualidade e do entretenimento em moderar a relação da influência dos pares sobre o consumo de drogas entre estudantes universitários. A amostra foi composta por 250 estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira de forma não probabilística. Foi elaborado um questionário com cinco escalas validadas que indagaram sobre a influência do grupo de pares, as relações familiares, o entretenimento, a espiritualidade e o consumo de drogas. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS versão 18 para a análise estatística. Verificou-se que 90,8% dos estudantes da amostra tinham pelo menos um amigo consumidor de drogas, e as mais consumidas foram álcool, tabaco e maconha. Estabeleceu-se associação significativa entre alguns fatores acadêmicos e culturais com o consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Recomenda-se a elaboração de estratégias preventivas, considerando a influência dos fatores culturais sobre o consumo de drogas entre os estudantes universitários.
Factores socioculturales y consumo de drogas entre estudiantes universitarios costarricenses
Authors: Morera Jaime Alonso Caravaca , Noh Samuel , Hamilton Hayley , Brands Bruna , Gastaldo Denise , Wright Maria da Gloria Miotto
Published: July 2015

Investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva-exploratoria, con diseño transversal que examinó el efecto moderador de ciertos factores socio-culturales en el consumo de drogas entre estudiantes universitarios en San José, Costa Rica. La muestra fue conformada por 126 mujeres y 124 hombres de una universidad pública de forma no probabilística. Fue elaborado un cuestionario con cinco escalas ya validadas, que interrogaba sobre la influencia del grupo de pares, las relaciones familiares, el entretenimiento, la espiritualidad y el consumo de drogas. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 18 para el análisis estadístico. Se estableció que el 98,4% de los estudiantes reportaron tener por lo menos un amigo que consumía drogas, las drogas más consumidas fueron alcohol, tabaco y marihuana. Se estableció asociación significativa entre algunos factores académicos y culturales con el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales. Se concluye que deben ser implementadas estrategias preventivas considerando la influencia de los factores culturales entre los estudiantes universitarios.
The role of social factors in the use of licit drugs among university students from one university in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Mitchell Rashalee , Noh Samuel , Hamilton Hayley , Brands Bruna , Wright Maria da Gloria Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, with a cross-sectional design aimed at examining whether social factors are related to licit drug use among university students in one university in Kingston, Jamaica. The non-probabilistic sample was composed of 335 students from a specific university in Kingston, Jamaica. A questionnaire was developed with five validated scales that interrogated about the influence of the peer group, the family relationships, the entertainment, the spirituality, and drug consumption. The data indicated that respondents with one or more friend who engaged in drug use were 9.5 times more likely to smoke tobacco and twice as likely to consume alcohol. Notably, respondents who had low spirituality were twice as likely to smoke tobacco and 1.3 times more likely to consume alcohol. These results suggest that having friends who use drugs may be a risk factor for alcohol and tobacco use, whereas greater spirituality may serve as a protective factor.
Family relations, peer influence, spirituality and drug use among students in one university in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Gough Howard , Longman-Mills Samantha , Haye Winston De La , Mann Robert , Brands Bruna , Hamilton Hayley , Wright Maria da Glória Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

This study seeks to illuminate the relationship between family relations, peer influence, spirituality and drug use among students in one university in Kingston, Jamaica. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect quantitative data from 335 undergraduate university students, using self-report questionnaires. The sample consisted of 335 students (69 % male and 31% female) between the ages 18-24 years. 77.6 % of the sample reported drug use within the past year. A significant positive correlation was identified between past year cannabis use and having dysfunctional and stressful family relationships (p<.05); and negative correlations between past year alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and positive peer influence (p<.05) as well as higher levels of spirituality (p<.01). A connected family relationship was a protective factor against cannabis use, while positive peer influence and high levels of spirituality are protective factors against alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among the students who participated in this study.
El aporte científico del proyecto SE/CICAD/SSM/OEA con las escuelas de enfermería en América Latina
Authors: Musayón-Oblitas Flor Yesenia , Vásquez Ceci Vera , Loncharich-Vera Natalie Roxana , Chanamé-Ampuero Eva , Wright María da Gloria Miotto
Published: July 2015

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el aporte del Proyecto de la Secretaría Ejecutiva/Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas/Secretaría de Seguridad Multidimensional/Organización de los Estados Americanos con las Escuelas de Enfermería a través del análisis de la evidencia científica generada en América Latina. El estudio es del tipo exploratorio. Se analizaron 263 estudios realizados por docentes participantes del proyecto, publicados en revistas científicas, las tesis, y las disertaciones. Se rastreó la producción en bases de datos bibliográficas. Los resultados indicaran que los estudios publicados fueron en Brasil (31,18%), 21,67% en México y 9,89% en Perú. La Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México, e la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil y la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Perú, tuvieron la mayor producción científica en drogas. 191 estudios tuvieron diseños cuantitativos, 62 cualitativos y 10 cuali-cuantitativos. Los datos indicaran que el Proyecto tuve un papel importante en el desarrollo de las evidencias científicas en drogas producidos por las escuelas de enfermería en América Latina.
Entretenimiento, espiritualidad, familia y la influencia de pares universitarios en el consumo de drogas
Authors: Parada Aydee Rivera de , Noh Samuel , Hamilton Hayley , Brands Bruna , Gastaldo Denise , Wright Maria da Gloria Miotto , Cumsille Francisco , Khenti Akwatu
Published: July 2015

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la relación de los factores socio-culturales de familia, entretenimiento y espiritualidad y la influencia de pares y el consumo de drogas entre los estudiantes universitarios. Estudio es multicéntrico, con un diseño transversal, participaron 250 estudiantes de una universidad en San Salvador, El Salvador. Se realizaron análisis porcentuales, pruebas de asociación y correlación. Se encontró que los factores socioculturales de familia y espiritualidad podrían estar protegiendo ya que la mayoría 80% valoran positivamente estos dos valores. La mayoría de estudiantes consumen muy poco drogas ilícitas, marihuana 2%, cocaína 1% y anfetaminas 1.2%; pero consume más las drogas lícitas alcohol 42%, tabaco 21%.