bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult diet in England: Where is more support needed to achieve dietary recommendations?
Authors: Smith Dianna M. , Vogel Christina , Campbell Monique , Alwan Nisreen , Moon Graham
Published: June 2021

Background

Small-area estimation models are regularly commissioned by public health bodies to identify areas of greater inequality and target areas for intervention in a range of behaviours and outcomes. Such local modelling has not been completed for diet consumption in England despite diet being an important predictor of health status. The study sets out whether aspects of adult diet can be modelled from previously collected data to define and evaluate area-level interventions to address obesity and ill-health.

Methods

Adults aged 16 years and over living in England. Consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are modelled using small-area estimation methods in English neighbourhoods (Middle Super Output Areas [MSOA]) to identify areas where reported portions are significantly different from recommended levels of consumption. The selected aspects of diet are modelled from respondents in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey using pooled data from 2008–2016.

Results

Estimates indicate that the average prevalence of adults consuming less than one portion of fruit, vegetables or 100% juice each day by MSOA is 6.9% (range of 4.3 to 14.7%, SE 0.06) and the average prevalence of drinking more than 330ml/day of SSB is 11.5% (range of 5.7 to 30.5%, SE 0.03). Credible intervals around the estimates are wider for SSB consumption. The results identify areas including regions in London, urban areas in the North of England and the South coast which may be prioritised for targeted interventions to support reduced consumption of SSB and/or an increase in portions of fruit and vegetables.

Conclusion

These estimates provide valuable information at a finer spatial scale than is presently feasible, allowing for within-country and locality prioritisation of resources to improve diet. Local, targeted interventions to improve fruit and vegetable consumption such as subsidies or voucher schemes should be considered where consumption of these foods is predicted to be low.
Artificial accommodating intraocular lens powered by an ion polymer-metal composite actuator
Authors: Horiuchi Tetsuya , Mihashi Toshifumi , Hoshi Sujin , Okamoto Fumiki , Oshika Tetsuro
Published: June 2021

The current method of controlling the focus of an accommodating intraocular lens is based on ciliary muscle contraction and cannot be used in older patients with presbyopia. We aimed to develop a dynamically accommodating intraocular lens powered by a membrane-shaped ion polymer metal composite actuator that is thin enough to be inserted in the eye. This study addresses two key problems identified in our previous accommodating intraocular lens prototype: the lack of repeatability due to the use of swine lenses instead of artificial lenses and the occurrence of a sixth order aberration. Thus, we present a new accommodating intraocular lens design and a method to transfer energy to actuators. To accommodate lens deformation and depth of focus, we used a membrane-shaped ion polymer metal composite actuator, thin enough to be inserted in the eye, and used an artificial silicone lens. To prevent the sixth order aberration, we included a ring between the ion polymer metal composite actuator and the lens. Different voltage patterns were applied to the IPMC actuator and changes in focus were observed. We were able to obtain repeatability and prevent the sixth order aberration. The dioptric power changed to ±0.23 D when ±1.5 V was used; however, at >1.5 V, a large accommodating range occurred, in addition to astigmatic vision. Thus, we have developed a novel prototype that is completely artificial, allowing reproducible and repeatable results. Visual accommodative demands were successfully met; however, although astigmatic vision was lessened, it was not completely eradicated.
Zinc biofortification potential of diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under field conditions
Authors: Haider Muhammad Umar , Hussain Mubshar , Farooq Muhammad , Ul-Allah Sami , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Alwahibi Mona S. , Farooq Shahid
Published: June 2021

Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for crop plants and essential for human health. The Zn-deficiency is an important malnutrition problem known globally. Biofortified foods could overcome Zn deficiency in humans. Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important, pulse crop frequently grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Mungbean could provide essential micronutrients, including Zn to humans. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the impact of Zn fertilization on the yield and grain biofortification of mungbean. Twelve mungbean genotypes (i.e., NM-28, NM-2011, NM-13-1, NM-2006, NM-51, NM-54, NM-19-19, NM-92, NM-121-25, NM-20-21, 7006, 7008) were assessed for their genetic diversity followed by Zn-biofortification, growth and yield under control (0 kg ha-1) and Zn-fertilized (10 kg ha-1) conditions. Data relating to allometric traits, yield components, grain yield and grain Zn contents were recorded. Zinc fertilization improved entire allometric and yield-related traits. Grain yield of different genotypes ranged from 439 to 904 kg ha-1 under control and 536 to 1462 kg ha-1 under Zn-fertilization. Zinc concentration in the grains varied from 15.50 to 45.60 mg kg-1 under control and 18.53 to 64.23 mg kg-1 under Zn-fertilized conditions. The tested genotypes differed in their Zn-biofortification potential. The highest and the lowest grain Zn contents were noted for genotypes NM-28 and NM-121-25, respectively. Significant variation in yield and Zn-biofortification indicated the potential for improvement in mungbean yield and grain Zn-biofortification. The genotypes NM-28 and NM-2006 could be used in breeding programs for improvement in grain Zn concentration due to their high Zn uptake potential. Nonetheless, all available genotypes in the country should be screened for their Zn-biofortification potential.
Is the open access citation advantage real? A systematic review of the citation of open access and subscription-based articles
Authors: Langham-Putrow Allison , Bakker Caitlin , Riegelman Amy
Published: June 2021

Aims

Over the last two decades, the existence of an open access citation advantage (OACA)—increased citation of articles made available open access (OA)—has been the topic of much discussion. While there has been substantial research to address this question, findings have been contradictory and inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review to compare studies of citations to OA and non-OA articles.

Methods

A systematic search of 17 databases attempted to capture all relevant studies authored since 2001. The protocol was registered in Open Science Framework. We included studies with a direct comparison between OA and non-OA items and reported article-level citation as an outcome. Both randomized and non-randomized studies were included. No limitations were placed on study design, language, or publication type.

Results

A total of 5,744 items were retrieved. Ultimately, 134 items were identified for inclusion. 64 studies (47.8%) confirmed the existence of OACA, while 37 (27.6%) found that it did not exist, 32 (23.9%) found OACA only in subsets of their sample, and 1 study (0.8%) was inconclusive. Studies with a focus on multiple disciplines were significantly positively associated with finding that OACA exists in subsets, and are less associated with finding that OACA did not exist. In the critical appraisal of the included studies, 3 were found to have an overall low risk of bias. Of these, one found that an OACA existed, one found that it did not, and one found that an OACA occurred in subsets.

Conclusions

As seen through the large number of studies identified for this review, OACA is a topic of continuing interest. Quality and heterogeneity of the component studies pose challenges for generalization. The results suggest the need for reporting guidelines for bibliometrics studies.
Is there life beyond the Spanish government’s aid to furloughed employees by COVID-19?
Authors: Laborda Juan , Rivera-Torres Pilar , Salas-Fumas Vicente , Suárez Cristina
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the perceptions of firms in April 2020, one month after the Spanish Government declared the state of alarm, about how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their business activity in the following months, and what employment decisions they expect to make in response. The data for the study was collected by the Government of the region of Aragon (Spain) through a survey of a non-randomly selected sample of firms located in the region. In addition to prospects and intended actions, firms were asked whether or not they had applied for ERTE aid (the Spanish job retention scheme to contain the pandemic crisis). We find that firms participating (voluntarily and anonymously) in the survey anticipated rather well the severity of the effects of the pandemic in the following months. The ERTE aid helped firms to maintain the jobs of their inactive employees, while firms that did not ask for aid responded by laying off employees. Further, the ERTE aid helped to maintain the jobs of furloughed employees, but the firms receiving ERTE aid expected to lay off the same proportion of employees as firms without that aid, controlling for the different anticipated effects of the pandemic in the two groups of firms.
Children’s psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany
Authors: Christner Natalie , Essler Samuel , Hazzam Astrid , Paulus Markus
Published: June 2021

As COVID-19 dramatically changes human social life, restrictive lockdown periods to slow the spread of the virus have been suggested to particularly affect the psychological well-being of children and their families. To capture lockdown-related effects on a large scale, the present study used an online questionnaire completed by parents of 3-10-year-olds during the most restrictive lockdown period in Germany thus far (N = 2,672). Parents reported their stress level, their child’s well-being, and their child’s problem behaviors among others. Results showed that most parents and children experienced lockdown-related stress. Concerning children, not being able to meet with friends and family members outside the household emerged as the primary challenge. Older children (7–10 years) evidenced more emotional symptoms as well as less conduct problems and hyperactivity than younger children (3–6 years). Children’s own and their parents’ stress level, the degree to which children missed other children, and children’s age all showed to be negatively related to children’s general life satisfaction. Single parenthood and being an only child were associated with higher levels of child problems. Taken together, these findings shed light on the psychological well-being of children and their families during governmental lockdown measures, as well as on relations between children’s coping and demographic background. They have implications for possible avenues for interventions, inter alia by encouraging policies that facilitate the maintenance of social relationships and focus particularly on children from single parent families, on only children as well as on families in challenging housing situations.
The Fc-mediated effector functions of a potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, SC31, isolated from an early convalescent COVID-19 patient, are essential for the optimal therapeutic efficacy of the antibody
Authors: Chan Conrad E. Z. , Seah Shirley G. K. , Chye De Hoe , Massey Shane , Torres Maricela , Lim Angeline P. C. , Wong Steven K. K. , Neo Jacklyn J. Y. , Wong Pui San , Lim Jie Hui , Loh Gary S. L. , Wang Dongling , Boyd-Kirkup Jerome D. , Guan Siyu , Thakkar Dipti , Teo Guo Hui , Purushotorman Kiren , Hutchinson Paul E. , Young Barnaby E. , Low Jenny G. , MacAry Paul A. , Hentze Hannes , Prativadibhayankara Venkateshan S. , Ethirajulu Kantharaj , Comer Jason E. , Tseng Chien-Te K. , Barrett Alan D. T. , Ingram Piers J. , Brasel Trevor , Hanson Brendon John
Published: June 2021

Although SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies are promising therapeutics against COVID-19, little is known about their mechanism(s) of action or effective dosing windows. We report the generation and development of SC31, a potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, isolated from a convalescent patient. Antibody-mediated neutralization occurs via an epitope within the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. SC31 exhibited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in multiple animal models. In SARS-CoV-2 infected K18-human ACE2 transgenic mice, treatment with SC31 greatly reduced viral loads and attenuated pro-inflammatory responses linked to the severity of COVID-19. Importantly, a comparison of the efficacies of SC31 and its Fc-null LALA variant revealed that the optimal therapeutic efficacy of SC31 requires Fc-mediated effector functions that promote IFNγ-driven anti-viral immune responses, in addition to its neutralization ability. A dose-dependent efficacy of SC31 was observed down to 5mg/kg when administered before viral-induced lung inflammatory responses. In addition, antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed even when infected mice were treated with SC31 at sub-therapeutic doses. In SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, SC31 treatment significantly prevented weight loss, reduced viral loads, and attenuated the histopathology of the lungs. In rhesus macaques, the therapeutic potential of SC31 was evidenced through the reduction of viral loads in both upper and lower respiratory tracts to undetectable levels. Together, the results of our preclinical studies demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of SC31 in three different models and its potential as a COVID-19 therapeutic candidate.
Diagnostic accuracy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-free DNA for tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Guocan , Shen Yanqin , Ye Bo , Shi Yan
Published: June 2021

Background

Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is still difficult. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for diagnosing of TB.

Methods

We searched relevant databases for studies that used cfDNA to diagnose TB. We evaluated the accuracy of cfDNA compared with the composite reference standard (CRS) and culture. True positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative values for cfDNA were obtained first, then the estimated pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) of cfDNA for diagnosing TB were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistic. When the heterogeneity was obvious, the source of heterogeneity was further discussed.

Results

We included 14 independent studies comparing cfDNA with the CRS, and 4 studies compared with culture. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, DOR, and AUC of the SROC were 68%, 98%,99%, 62%, 83, and 0.97 as compared with the CRS, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, DOR, and AUC of the SROC were 48%, 91%, 92%, 60%, 5, and 0.88 as compared with culture, respectively. The heterogeneity between studies was significant.

Conclusions

The accuracy of cfDNA testing for TB diagnosis was good compared with CRS and culture. cfDNA can be used for rapid early diagnosis of TB.
Resistance mechanisms and fitness of pyraclostrobin-resistant isolates of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from mango orchards
Authors: He Rui , Yang Ye , Hu Zhizhong , Xue Ru , Hu Yajuan
Published: June 2021

Background

Stem-end rot, caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl is a serious postharvest disease in mango. In China, a high prevalence of the QoI fungicides resistance has been reported in the last decade. The study aimed to discuss factors determining rapid development of pyraclostrobin-resistance and its resistance mechanisms.

Methods

To determine the resistance stability and fitness of pyraclostrobin resistance in L. theobromae, three phenotypes of pyraclostrobin resistance were compared and analyzed for the EC50 values, mycelial growth, virulence and temperature sensitivity and osmotic stress sensitivity. The relative conductivity and enzyme activities of different phenotypes were compared under fungicide stress to explore possible biochemical mechanisms of pyraclostrobin resistance in L. theobromae. The Cytb gene sequences of different phenotypes were analysed.

Results

All isolates retained their original resistance phenotypes during the 10 subcultures on a fungicide-free PDA, factor of sensitivity change (FSC) was approximately equal to 1. The resistance-pyraclostrobin of the field isolates should be relatively stable. Two pyraclostrobin-resistant phenotypes shared similar mycelial growth, virulence and temperature sensitivity with pyraclostrobin-sensitive phenotype. After treated by pyraclostrobin, the relative conductivity of the sensitive phenotype was significantly increased. The time of Pyr-R and Pyr-HR reached the most conductivity was about 8–10 times than that of Pyr-S, the time for the maximum value appearance showed significant differences between sensitive and resistant phenotypes. The activities of Glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) of Pyr-HR were 1.78, 5.45 and 1.65 times respectively, significantly higher than that of Pyr-S after treated by 200 mg/l pyraclostrobin.

Conclusion

The results showed that the pyraclostrobin-resistant phenotypes displayed high fitness and high-risk. The nucleotide sequences were identical among all pyraclostrobin-resistant and -sensitive isolates. The pyraclostrobin resistance was not attributable to Cytb gene alterations, there may be some of other resistance mechanisms. Differential response of enzyme activity and cell membrane permeability were observed in resistant- and sensitive-isolates suggesting a mechanism of metabolic resistance.
Genome-wide association study of signature genetic alterations among pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates
Authors: Hwang Wontae , Yong Ji Hyun , Min Kyung Bae , Lee Kang-Mu , Pascoe Ben , Sheppard Samuel K , Yoon Sang Sun
Published: June 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes diverse human infections including chronic airway infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Comparing the genomes of CF and non-CF PA isolates has great potential to identify the genetic basis of pathogenicity. To gain a deeper understanding of PA adaptation in CF airways, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 1,001 PA genomes. Genetic variations identified among CF isolates were categorized into (i) alterations in protein-coding regions, either large- or small-scale, and (ii) polymorphic variation in intergenic regions. We introduced each CF-associated genetic alteration into the genome of PAO1, a prototype PA strain, and validated the outcomes experimentally. Loci readily mutated among CF isolates included genes encoding a probable sulfatase, a probable TonB-dependent receptor (PA2332~PA2336), L-cystine transporter (YecS, PA0313), and a probable transcriptional regulator (PA5438). A promoter region of a heme/hemoglobin uptake outer membrane receptor (PhuR, PA4710) was also different between the CF and non-CF isolate groups. Our analysis highlights ways in which the PA genome evolves to survive and persist within the context of chronic CF infection.
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in infected dogs associated with Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick infestation in Thailand
Authors: Juasook Amornrat , Siriporn Bunnada , Nopphakhun Natthaphat , Phetpoang Pacharamol , Khamyang Subongkoch
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are of great concern having the potential to threaten canine health. Dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis, and Hepatozoon canis are commonly found in Thailand; Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick is the most common vector of diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common TBPs in dogs and their ticks in Thailand using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods.

Materials and Methods: Forty-four blood samples were positively diagnosed with TBPs infection by microscopy. Samples were from animal hospitals in Maha Sarakham, Amnat Charoen, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Bangkok, Thailand, during January-June 2020. Five to six ticks were also taken from infected dogs, and then, both blood and tick were analyzed using PCR and DNA sequencing.

Results: PCR results showed that R. sanguineus was the only tick species detected in this study. The appearance of single infection with E. canis was the most common infection found in dogs and ticks (64% and 82%, respectively). Correlation of pathogen infection in hosts and their vector was performed by similarity detection of pathogens between blood and tick samples based on PCR analysis in 29 samples (66%) but there was no significant differentiation.

Conclusion: E. canis appears as the most common canine tick-borne pathogen in Thailand, which was detected in both healthy and sick dogs as well as in R. sanguineus. The findings show the relationships among host dogs, pathogens, and ticks. Veterinarians should be proactive in educating pet owners about the risks associated with ticks and their important pathogens and plan effective control strategies.
Francesco Zorzi és Hannibal Rosseli a prisca theologiáról
Authors: Hamvas Endre Ádám
Published: June 2021

1584-ben Krakkóban megjelent egy Pymander Mercurii Trismegisti, De Coelo című mű, amely formáját tekintve kommentár a Marsilio Ficino által latinra fordított hermetikus corpushoz. A több kötetes mű szerzője a ferences Hannibal Rosseli volt, aki művében nemcsak a skolasztikus módszert követte, hanem a reneszánsz hermetizmus hagyományához is kapcsolódott. A tanulmányban azt a kérdést vizsgálom, hogy Rosseli miként használta fel a Marsilio Ficino által vázolt prisca theologia fogalmát, és a pogány bölcsességnek a katolikus teológiával való ötvözése milyen lehetséges következményekkel járt.Következtetésem az, hogy Rosseli művére Ficino mellett komoly hatást gyakorolt a ferences spiritualitás is, mégpedig a velencei ferences Francesco Zorzi munkásságának köszönhetően. Azonban a szerző műve hangvételét a trienti zsinat utáni helyzethez igazította, ügyelve arra, hogy elkerülje annak látszatát, hogy a hermetikus filozófiával eretnek tanításokat keverne a katolikus teológiába.Függelékben közlöm Ficinónak a Corpus Hermeticum latin fordításához írott előszavát.
Professional Variables and Staff Readiness to Utilise Internet-Based Channels for Research Communication in an Era of Covid-19
Authors: Owan Valentine Joseph , Akah Levi Udochukwu , Ogbeche Mary Mark
Published: June 2021

This study assessed the professional variables of academic staff in African varsities and their readiness to Utilise Internet-Based Channels for Research Communication in an era of Covid-19. Drawing from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, the study was guided by four null hypotheses. The quantitative research method based on the virtual cross-sectional survey design was adopted. A total of 8,591 academics in African universities were the targeted demographic of this study. However, data were collected from a virtual snowball sample of 1,977 respondents (males, N = 1347; females, N = 630) from 24 African countries. A validated electronic survey, with three major aspects, was employed for data collection. The e-survey was released on the Association of African Universities' Telegram forum, which includes 1,622 participants from diverse African nations and regions. Members of the forum, who are all academics, were invited to complete the survey and publish it on their universities' internet-based forums. Coded data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as the Kruskal Wallis Non-parametric test. The non-parametric test was used because the data failed to meet the normality assumptions required to perform a parametric test. Results indicated, amongst others, that there are considerable variances in staff preparedness to use internet-based channels for research communication based on their educational credentials, educational qualification, rank and areas of research interest. According to the survey, academics with a doctoral degree; grade II lecturers; staff with 3 to 6 years of service; and staff in the medical sciences demonstrated a higher propensity of readiness to use internet-based channels for research communication. Based on these findings key theoretical, practical and research implications are discussed.
Fibrosis-4 Index vs Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score in Identifying Advanced Fibrosis in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Castellana Marco , Donghia Rossella , Guerra Vito , Procino Filippo , Castellana Fabio , Zupo Roberta , Lampignano Luisa , Sardone Rodolfo , De Pergola Giovanni , Romanelli Francesco , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Giannelli Gianluigi
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

In subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), advanced fibrosis (AF) carries the highest risk of adverse liver-related events. To reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, several noninvasive tools (NITs) for the risk stratification of fibrosis have been developed. We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the performance of the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis scores (NFS), the 2 most common NITs, for the appropriate selection of subjects with AF for biopsy.

METHODS:

Four databases were searched until December 2020 (CRD42021224766). Original articles reporting data on the performance of FIB-4 and NFS, interpreted according to standard cutoffs in subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD, were included. Separate data extractions were performed according to the lower cutoff, the higher cutoff, and the dual threshold approach. The numbers of subjects classified as true-negative, true-positive, false-negative, and false-positive were extracted. Summary operating points were estimated using a random-effects model.

RESULTS:

Eighteen studies evaluating 12,604 subjects were included. Participants were adult outpatients with biopsy-proven NAFLD or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Overall, a weak-to-moderate performance was found for both scores. The head-to-head comparison showed FIB-4 to be associated with a higher performance in ruling in and NFS in ruling out AF in the single threshold approach, whereas, with the dual threshold approach, a lower prevalence of indeterminate findings was found for FIB-4.

DISCUSSION:

This meta-analysis suggested that currently available NITs have a limited performance in identifying AF among subjects with NAFLD. Further studies are needed to optimize existing thresholds or develop new NITs.
Podcast como potencial recurso didático para prática e a formação docente
Authors: Bodart Cristiano das Neves , Silva Zaine Paula dos Santos
Published: June 2021

O artigo traz três pesquisas que se complementam. Uma marcada por uma análise do estado da arte em torno dos podcasts educativos; uma segunda pesquisa caracterizada por um experimento realizado em uma turma do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) e, por fim, uma avaliação das perspectivas de futuros professores quanto as vantagens e desvantagens de utilização dessa ferramenta tecnológica nas suas aprendizagens, assim como da disposição em utilizar podcasts em suas futuras atuações docentes. A pesquisa evidencia que o volume de teses e dissertações voltadas para o uso de podcasts educativos é ainda reduzido, embora seja numerosa as potencialidades destacadas por esses trabalhos, evidenciando a importância de maiores investimentos no tema e divulgação de práticas bem sucedidas. A partir do experimento notou-se que o podcasts potencializou a aprendizagem dos futuros professores, bem como despertou-os para as possibilidades de seu uso em suas futuras práticas docentes.
Preferencias y adaptaciones térmicas de habitantes de viviendas de producción estatal del clima cálido–húmedo del Nordeste Argentino
Authors: Alías Herminia María , Jacobo Guillermo José
Published: June 2021

Sobre un universo de veintiún prototipos de viviendas individuales producidas por operatorias oficiales, desde el año 2004, en las principales ciudades del Nordeste Argentino, se definió una muestra de cinco casos de viviendas, que representan a los grupos tipológicos principales. Se realizaron cien encuestas a habitantes de viviendas de dichos grupos, indagando en sus sensaciones, preferencias y actividades cotidianas en las viviendas. Se identificaron variables como: modos de uso (tiempo diario de apertura de puertas y ventanas y tiempo de cierre con uso de climatización artificial; estrategias para acondicionar los ambientes, según el período climático); percepciones de sensación térmica durante el momento de la encuesta y durante los períodos climáticos cálidos y fríos en general, entre otras. Se establecieron correlaciones entre algunas variables. Prevalece un criterio inapropiado de apertura de vanos en épocas cálidas. El uso de la refrigeración para la totalidad de la vivienda no fue detectado: sólo se registró en los dormitorios. Se compararon las respuestas de sensación térmica de los encuestados en sus viviendas con las respuestas previstas, tanto según la aplicación del modelo de confort adaptativo, como según los límites del modelo de constancia. Las respuestas indican un rango muy ampliado de adaptación a las condiciones cálidas.
Resenha / A curricularização da extensão universitária a partir do plano nacional de Educação do Brasil: dificuldades e possibilidades.
Authors: Marques Santos Vera Márcia
Published: June 2021

A curricularização da extensão universitária a partir do plano nacional de Educação do Brasil: dificuldades e possibilidades é a tese de doutoramento do Prof. Alfredo Balduíno Santos, organizada em seis capítulos onde analisa as possibilidades e desafios da creditação da extensão universitária por meio de sua curricularização. Realizada no Centro de Ciências da Educação, Especialidade de Desenvolvimento Curricular na Universidade do Minho em Braga/Portugal. Com a Constituição Brasileira Cidadã de 1988, a extensão universitária no Brasil ganha um novo status, ficando par e par com ensino e pesquisa, quando no Art. 207 determina a obediência ao princípio de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão, oportunizando à extensão universitária desvincular-se da concepção assistencialista que lhe fora atribuída até então. Na atualidade, considerando as diretrizes do Fórum Nacional de Pró-Reitores de Extensão das Universidades Públicas Brasileiras a extensão, juntamente com o ensino e a pesquisa, aparece como parte da tríade que sustenta as práticas acadêmicas nessas universidades (FORPROEX, 2001).
QEP is HIP: A Case Study Implementing an Institution-wide Undergraduate Research Community of Practice for a Small, Private College Setting
Authors: Tingle Melissa , Schmitz Julia , Rettig Perry
Published: June 2021

Piedmont College’s quality enhancement plan (QEP) emphasizes a developmental and progressive integration of high-impact practices (HIPs) into the academic and social fabric of the institution. The QEP is HIP initiative provides students with multiple opportunities to deepen learning and leadership skills, which leads to improvements in student success, persistence, and retention. However, the institution grappled with how to effectively engage students in effective, meaningful research-based experiences. During the 2nd year of its QEP implementation, a campus-wide undergraduate research symposium was launched to showcase students’ research and creative inquiry in an effort to (a) gain full institutional participation in this crucial HIP and (b) offer the underserved student population (defined as ethnic minority, Pell-eligible, and first-generation students) an opportunity to participate in professional socialization and experience faculty mentorship. This case study shows the initial influences of this HIP on student success (in terms of grade point average [GPA]), students’ perceptions of their own learning, students’ persistence (measured with the Grit Scale), and retention from the 2018–2019 to the 2019–2020 academic year. Specifically, this study compared students who presented their research at the undergraduate research symposium to students who did not. While the immediate influence of this HIP on student persistence/perseverance (grit scores) remains undetermined, the retention rates and GPA appear to have been higher for students who presented, in both the dominant and underserved populations. Furthermore, students reported an increase in perceptions of their own learning. These findings are significant and affirm that undergraduate research communities can be considered a HIP for students, including those of underserved populations.
Modelo base de conocimiento para auditorías de seguridad en servicios web con inyección SQL
Authors: Moreno Marín John Edison , Coronado Sánchez Paulo Cesar
Published: June 2021

Contexto: Debido a la gran cantidad de ciberataques a nivel internacional y nacional (Colombia), se han activado mecanismos y procedimientos preventivos en las organizaciones para contrarrestar estas vulnerabilidades en la seguridad de la información. El tema de este proyecto surge de la necesidad de hacer una propuesta a la oficina de seguridad de la información de la DIAN para implementar y dar seguimiento a la estrategia de Gobierno en línea de MinTIC en el componente de seguridad de la información y privacidad, ello a través de la política de seguridad de la información institucional y de este conocimiento aplicado al modelo base para auditorías en servicios web, aplicado a un prototipo particular.
Método: La metodología general para el modelo base de conocimiento incluye dos partes del trabajo. La primera corresponde a la recolección, procesamiento y purificación de la base. La segunda corresponde al proceso de tematización del sistema del modelo propuesto. OpenKM (un software abierto) se implementó para sustentar la base de conocimiento. Para el desarrollo de la auditoría es importante tener en cuenta que dentro de la metodología general se incluyeron una serie de guías en cada una de las fases del modelo. El proyecto utiliza estándares, buenas prácticas, herramientas y asesoramiento profesional como ISO27000, OSSTMM, OWASP, JUnit y las guías de gestión de riesgos y auditoría emitidas por el MinTIC. Para el desarrollo del prototipo con el WS a exponer, se utilizó el método OPENUP. La implementación se limitó a la construcción de dos métodos HTTP, GET y POST para consultas y acciones de entrada de información.
Resultados: Con este proyecto fue posible crear un modelo de base de conocimiento implementado en OpenKM, ejecutando una auditoría de seguridad de servicios web con inyección de SQL en un prototipo organizacional.
Conclusiones: Se debe tener en cuenta que nunca habrá una infraestructura 100% segura, ya que siempre habrá riesgos en las plataformas debido a la naturaleza cambiante de los ataques. Sin embargo, siempre habrá alternativas como esta, un modelo base de auditoría de seguridad de la información para evitar o mitigar tales riesgos o ataques.
Estudio comparativo de un sistema de freno regenerativo y regeneración con energía cinética constante en vehículos eléctricos de batería
Authors: Monroy Laverde Cristian Camilo , Siachoque Ardila Cristian Alejandro , Duran Tovar Ivan Camilo , Marulanda Guerra Agustín Rafael
Published: June 2021

Contexto: El incremento constante en el uso de vehículos eléctricos a nivel mundial ha motivado investigaciones para mejorar la autonomía de los mismos frente vehículos de combustión tradicionales. Este artículo presenta el estudio de un sistema de carga de batería para vehículos eléctricos basado en el movimiento constante del sistema de tracción.
Método: Se realiza una evaluación sobre un sistema de regeneración de energía cinética constante para aumentar la autonomía de vehículos eléctricos. Esto se logra mediante la validación de un modelo matemático de consumo de energía de un vehículo eléctrico de batería con sistema de freno regenerativo, comparando mediante simulaciones los estados de consumo y carga entre los dos sistemas de recuperación de energía.
Resultados: El vehículo con un sistema de regeneración por movimiento constante consumió 42,9% más de potencia que utilizando freno regenerativo, debido a que el nuevo sistema aumentó la masa total en el vehículo. Dicho aumento de masa, hace que se deba consumir mayor potencia por parte del sistema de tracción para mover el vehículo.
Conclusiones: El sistema convencional de freno regenerativo resulta más favorable respecto al sistema de regeneración por energía cinética propuesto, excepto en tramos de velocidad constante y aceleración cero.
Design of a Troubleshooting Digital Test Bench for the Beechcraft King C-90, 200, B200, 300 and 350 Aircraft GCU
Authors: Cabrera Arias Carlos Arturo , Garay Rairan Fabian Steven , Arango Calderón Ingrid , Gómez Vargas Óscar Edilson
Published: June 2021

Context: The Colombian Army’s First Aircraft Maintenance Battalion must periodically test the performance of Generator Control Unit (GCU) on its Beechcraft King Air aircraft, which compels the operator to assume uncomfortable and non-ergonomic physical positions. This article proposes the use of a portable digital troubleshooting test bench for these units that facilitates the taking of measurements, the interpretation of the acquired information, and the technical reports.
Method: The Integrate, Innovation, Process model (IIP) for the development of aviation technology innovation projects was used to design the test bench. Then, its functional modules were defined, and voltage and impedance measurement devices, an internal report storage system, and the user interface were included. Tests were conducted together with technical operators on the available Beechcraft King C-90, 200, B 200, 300, and 350 series aircraft. Finally, a technical report was elaborated to validate the test bench results.
Results: The number of operators required to carry out the tests was reduced from four to one. The digital test bench only requires the connection of measurement harnesses by the operator, so it allows an improvement in ergonomics for the personnel. Using the bench, the review and evaluation time of the GCU was reduced from 120 minutes to 26 minutes, which implies an 86,66% decrease in fuel consumption.
Conclusions: By using the digital troubleshooting test bench, the number of operators needed and the checkup and assessment times of the GCU were reduced, which means a decrease in fuel expenses. Its ease of transportation allows aircraft to be checked outside the Maintenance Battalion hangars, but the implementation of a USB port to store the reports should be considered.
Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the First Aircraft Maintenance Battalion of the Colombian National Army and the Aviation School for their contribution to the development of the prototype. This project was funded by the National Army of Colombia, Science of Science and Technology, under internal code No. 118315.
The importance of ISO management system standards in a scenario of profound changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic to Brazilian companies
Authors: Anholon Rosley , Pavan Serafim Milena , Dibbern Thais , Leal Filho Walter
Published: June 2021

Goal: The aim of this viewpoint is characterized by emphasizing the importance of the management standards of the International Organization for Standardization as an information base for improvements to Brazilian managers in a scenario of profound changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Design / Methodology / Approach: Initially, a brief bibliographic research was carried out to base some information presented in the text. Later, the authors of this viewpoint discussed their ideas and established the reflections presented here, many of them based on their experiences and the Brazilian context. Finally, the final considerations were established.

Results: The main reflections are directed in the sense that most Brazilian companies have felt harshly the consequences of the economic crisis resulting from the pandemic of Covid-19 and, in some way, they need to rethink some of their administrative practices. In this scenario of profound organizational changes, we believe that the management standards of the International Organization for Standardization can be characterized as an important knowledge base, since they present information of high credibility, widely debated by experts and that are easily accessible to Brazilian managers in different themes.

Limitations of the investigation: Since it is a viewpoint, part of the information presented here are the perceptions and considerations of the authors.

Practical implications: This viewpoint shows that the standards of the International Organization for Standardization can be used as an important tool for management systems focused on innovation and employee skills management.

Originality / Value: We hope with this viewpoint to advocate for ISO management standards as important instruments of continuous improvement in a scenario of many organizational changes for Brazilian companies.
Case study of a tile facade intervention – Aveiro, Portugal
Authors: Moutinho Sara , Velosa Ana
Published: June 2021

Tiles are found on numerous Portuguese facades. The exposure to external agents causes degradation and, in some cases, detachment of these tiles. In the coastal area of Aveiro city (Portugal), the building's facades, exposed to adverse atmospheric conditions are in constant contact with aggressive agents, which cause the detachment of a significant amount of facade tiles. Within the scope of the SOS Azulejo Project, and in partnership with the University of Aveiro, Fábrica Centro Ciência Viva de Aveiro, the Prison of Aveiro and DDL Arg, this study encompasses the conservation of a tile facade, after degradation and detachment of the ceramic body.

Several replicas of the tiles were made in the specific context of a training action that took place at the Aveiro Prison. The technical study was carried out to analyse the compatibility and reversibility of the mortars and ceramic tiles used. The mortars were tested in their fresh and hard state for consistency through spreading, flexural tensile strength, compressive strength, water absorption, and pull-off adhesion tests on bricks surfaces. The results were satisfactory and the replicated tiles were applied on a building’s facade on the National Tile Day, as part of an awareness campaign.
Experimental study on the dissolution of supercritical CO2 in PS under different agitators
Authors: Wang Long , Huang Xingyuan , Liang Haifeng
Published: June 2021

In the continuous molding of microporous plastics, the polymer/CO2 homogeneous body needs to be formed in a very short time, which affects the subsequent bubble nucleation, bubble pore distribution, and growth, and is the key to the molding. It is known that the formation time of homogeneous body is shortened during the continuous molding of microporous plastics because of the agitator’s effect. However, different agitators have different effects on the dissolution rate. So, it is necessary to study not only the dissolution of gas in polymer melt under static condition but also the dissolution under the action of the agitator. In this article, the solubility and dissolution rate of supercritical CO2 in polymer melt PS at different temperatures and pressures were experimentally investigated under conical and screw agitators, and the numerical solution was also carried out.
The Rule of Law and Its Social Reception as Determinants of Economic Development: A Comparative Analysis of Germany and Poland
Authors: Głowacki Krzysztof , Hartwell Christopher Andrew , Karunska Kateryna , Kurczewski Jacek , Botsch Elisabeth , Göhring Tom , Priesmeyer-Tkocz Weronika
Published: June 2021

The rule of law is not just a necessary condition for a modern liberal society but also an important prerequisite for a stable, effective and sustainable market economy. However, relevant legal norms may be more or less successful depending on their social reception within a particular country. This study explores the connection between the rule of law, especially in terms of how it is viewed socially, and the functioning of market economy in the examples of two geographically contiguous yet often-diverging countries, namely Germany and Poland. We utilise two approaches to examine this issue, first studying societal perceptions of the various dimensions of the rule of law by way of standardized surveys and in-depth interviews conducted in both countries to determine the de facto state of the rule of law in the economic context. Secondly, we measure the effect of the de jure and de facto rule of law on economic outcomes using a multivariate panel analysis. Combining new institutional economics and sociology of law, our analysis finds that Polish firms perceive the rule of law and its execution by the state in a restrictive perspective, contributing to insecurity. German interviewees, however, showcase the supportive and transaction cost-reducing properties of the rule of law, displaying higher trust in the state. These findings are supported by an econometric analysis of the drivers of rule of law in both Poland and Germany, which shows the importance of rule of law in terms of a level playing field contributing to higher levels of investment.
Can a Complicated “Consensus” Survive a Dose of Populist Poison? Exploring the Potential Impact of Brexit and Trumpism on the Developed Country Approach to Trade Law and Policy
Authors: Stacy Sean
Published: June 2021

Among wealthier, so-called “developed” nations, a consistent and shared policy orientation on trade has generally prevailed over the last three quarters of a century. This consensus has been hallmarked by the promotion of freer trade facilitated by a state-centric, rules-based legal system. While most wealthy countries appear to desire a continued fidelity to that policy orthodoxy, the United Kingdom’s (UK’s) ‘Brexit’ decision and the United States’ (US’) increasingly antagonistic stance toward World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement beg the question as to whether fissures in the consensus are forming. This paper examines the depth of the perceived consensus and the degree to which US and UK actions signify a turning point. As part of this examination, populism’s role in promoting change in the US, UK and beyond, is explored.
Ovarian female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin – Case report
Authors: Vučković Ljiljana , Klisic Aleksandra , Miladinović Mirjana
Published: June 2021

Background

During embryonic development in women, a regression of temporary embryonic structures – mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts occurs. Adnexal tumors of Wolffian duct origin (FATWO) are rare.

Case report

We presented the case of a 64-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with FATWO. After the surgical treatment, the uterus with bilateral adnexal structures was submitted for histopathological analysis. The left ovary was occupied by a tumor measuring 80 × 60 × 50 mm, with smooth, shiny, whitish surface. Tumor cells were medium-sized, relatively uniform, round, and polygonal, with eosinophilic cytoplasm and centrally laid nucleus with fine chromatin, organized into solid, trabecular, and tubular formations. Tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratin (CK), CK7, CD10, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, calretinin, progesterone, estrogen, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA).

Conclusion

This case adds a report of a rare tumor to the literature. We must think of it in the differential diagnostic algorithm to make an accurate diagnosis for selecting the best treatment modality.