bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Flow of a Molten Polymer
Authors: Gillespie T.
Published: July 2002

The Williamson empirical equation which fits polystyrene melt viscosity data is derived by considering the melt as a system of elastic springs which are entangling and disentangling. The theory allows one to trace changes in the number of extensible elements and the relaxation time for the rupture of intermolecular links. For uniform molecular weight samples, the number of extensible elements per molecule is proportional to the molecular weight. Widening the molecular weight distribution lowers the number of extensible elements per cc. The thermal relaxation time increase rapidly with increasing molecular weight. The effect of fillers on the number of extensible elements and the relaxation time is complex.
The Scaling Law for Finite Torsion of Elastic Cylinders
Authors: Penn R. W. , Kearsley E. A.
Published: July 2002

The torque and forces normal to the end surfaces of cylinders of natural rubber were measured as a function of the angle of twist. The measurements were repeated on small cylinders cut from the larger cylinders to insure that the tests were on identical material. Plots of reduced torque and of reduced normal force versus reduced twist for the different sized cylinders coincide to within 1%. This result supports the simple material assumption of the classical theory of finite elastic deformations. An interesting instability was observed, and derivatives of the strain energy function were calculated.
Chemical preparation and crystal data for two new condensed phosphates
Authors: Belaaouad S. , Sbai K.
Published: July 2002

Methods of chemical preparation and crystallographic data are reported for two new condensed phosphates: a hydrated cyclotriphosphate with a formula MnNa4(P3O9)2 4H2O and its anhydrous form MnNa4(P3O9)2. MnNa4(P3O9)2 4H2O is monoclinic P21/a with the following unit-cell dimensions: a=8.536(2) Å, b=14.309(3) Å, c=8.508(2) Å, β=96.452(2)°, and Z=2. MnNa4(P3O9)2 is monoclinic C2/c with the following unit-cell dimensions: a=13.198(2) Å, b=8.241(1) Å, c=14.228(2) Å, β=95.045(1)°, and Z=4.
Synthesis and structural characterization of luminescent materials. The elpasolite Cs2NaTbCl6
Authors: Poblete V. , Navarro G. , Martin V. , Alvarez M.
Published: July 2002

In this work we report the synthesis and structural characterization of the elpasolite Cs2NaTbCl6, belonging to the space group Fm3m. The synthesis is by solid state reaction, in controlled atmosphere. By means of thermal analysis (DTA/TGA), the best crystallization temperatures were obtained: 772.2 °C for 2 hours. Structural studies are carried out by means of DRX-powder diffraction and application of the Rietveld profiles refinement method, for the 32 diffraction lines analyzed. The following crystallographic parameters are obtained: a0=10.7636 (Å), Z=4, M=660.44, V=1247.0 (Å)3, Dx=3.519, and Dexp=3.52±0.01.
Ode to Korotkov
Authors: Casey Donald E.
Published: November 2022

This poem advocates for patient involvement in managing their blood pressure and care decisions.
Spectrum of Dermatologic Adverse Events Associated With Amivantamab Use
Authors: Belzer Annika , Nguyen Michael O. , Talsania Ashita , Haldas Jason , Smith Janellen , Leventhal Jonathan Scott
Published: November 2022

This case series describes the different dermatologic adverse events that patients experienced while using amivantamab.
Silk Fibroin as Sustainable Advanced Material: Material Properties and Characteristics, Processing, and Applications
Authors: Reizabal Ander , Costa Carlos M. , Pérez‐Álvarez Leyre , Vilas‐Vilela Jose L. , Lanceros‐Méndez S.
Published: November 2022

Biobased resources are proposed as next‐generation materials for advanced application. Among them, silk fibroin, a protein‐based material generally obtained from Bombyx mori cocoons, is considered to play an increasing role in the development of a more sustainable generation of devices. In this review, the silk fibroin molecular structure and its original properties are presented, together with a wide overview of the available modifications and processing methods to reach custom structural and functional variations.
Redox Modulatory Cu(II)‐Baicalein Microflowers Prepared in One Step Effectively Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Liu Kaijing , Liu Limei , Guo Haoyang , Xu Rong , Liang Xiaoyu , Chen Youlu , Li Huiyang , Fu Xue , Wang Xiaoli , Chen Houzao , Li Yongjun , Yang Jing
Published: November 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in multiple cellular processes, and an imbalance in redox homeostasis gives rise to diseases, therefore, reestablishing redox homeostasis is a way to cure. Here, copper‐based metal‐organic networks (Cu‐MON) are generated by one‐step reaction using anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant baicalein as organic ligand and pro‐angiogenic copper as metal ions. Phosphate buffered saline is required for triggering Cu‐MON formation, and baicalein regulates the morphology and particle size of Cu‐MON. Cu‐MON are composed of Cu‐baicalein complexes (82.08 wt%) and Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O (17.92 wt%), thus exhibit a variable catalase‐like activity against different H2O2 levels due to the reversible change between Cu2+/Cu1+/Cu0 species. Intramuscular injection of Cu‐MON significantly increases blood flow of ischemic limb in diabetic mice, enhances the relative activities of redox‐related enzymes in ischemic muscle, thus effectively ameliorating the oxidative damage. Taken together, through moderate and dynamic “precise homeostasis regulation of cells,” Cu‐MON can be an efficient therapeutic strategy for peripheral arterial disease with diabetic complications.
Biomimetic Nanovaccines Potentiating Dendritic Cell Internalization via CXCR4‐Mediated Macropinocytosis
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Fan , Chen Fangman , Chang Zhimin , Zhao Yuewu , Shao Dan , Sun Wen , Dong Wen‐fei , Wang Zheng
Published: November 2022

Although targeted delivery of nanoparticulate vaccines to dendritic cells (DCs) holds tremendous potential, it still faces insufficient internalization and endosome degradation via the receptor‐mediated endocytosis pathway. Inspired by the advantages of CXC‐chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)‐mediated macropinocytosis in the internalization of DCs, a multifunctional vaccine is constructed based on a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive nanoparticulate core and macropinocytosis‐inducing peptide‐fused cancer membrane shell, allowing the direct cytosolic delivery of cancer membrane‐associated antigen and a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, cGAMP for highly efficient cancer immunotherapy. The biomimetic nanovaccines show a dramatically enhanced cellular uptake by DCs via CXCR4‐mediated macropinocytosis. Such a direct delivery process promotes cytosolic release of cGAMP in response to ROS, and together promoted DC maturation and T cell priming by activating the STING pathway. Consequently, the biomimetic nanovaccines not only result in a great tumor rejection in prophylactic B16‐F10 melanoma murine model, but also markedly suppress the growth of established melanoma tumors when combined with anti‐PD‐1 checkpoint blockade. This study advances the design of biomimetic nanovaccines and provides a promising strategy for macropinocytosis‐mediated cancer vaccination.
Macromolecular NO‐Donor Micelles for Targeted and Augmented Chemotherapy against Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Zhao Bingbing , Zou Junhui , Yang Jiachen , Yang Lifen , Zhang Junmei , Chen Wei , Huang Dechun , Zhong Yinan
Published: November 2022

Mitoxantrone (MTO) is clinically utilized for treating hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (PCa), however, the therapeutic outcome is far from optimal due to the lack of proper drug carrier as well as the inherent MTO detoxification mechanisms of DNA lesion repair and anti‐oxidation. Herein, a bombesin‐installed nanoplatform combining the chemotherapeutic MTO and the chemotherapeutic sensitizer of nitric oxide (NO) is developed based on MTO‐loaded macromolecular NO‐donor‐containing polymeric micelles (BN‐NMMTO) for targeted NO‐sensitized chemotherapy against PCa. BN‐NMMTO actively target and accumulates in PCa sites and are internalized into the tumor cells. The macromolecular NO‐donor of BN‐NMMTO undergoes a reductive reaction to unleash NO upon intracellular glutathione (GSH), accompanying by micelle swelling and MTO release. The targeted intracellular MTO release induces DNA lesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumor cells without damage to the normal cells, and MTO's cytotoxicity is further augmented by NO release via the inhibition of both DNA repair and anti‐oxidation pathways as compared with traditional MTO therapies.
A Versatile and Low‐Cost Polymer Donor Based on 4‐Chlorothiazole for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Yiming , Gao Yuan , Sun Rui , Zhang Meimei , Min Jie
Published: November 2022

Benefiting from the emergence of narrow‐band‐gap small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs), especially “Y” series, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly improved. However, polymer donors with high efficiency, easy synthesis, and good universality are relatively scarce except PBDB‐TF and D18. Herein, two polymer donors are designed and synthesized based on 4‐chlorothiazole derivatives with simple structures, namely PTz3Cl and PBTTz3Cl. The OSCs based on PBTTz3Cl with slightly weaker intermolecular forces in comparison to PTz3Cl exhibits a decent PCE of 18.38% in blending with SMA L8‐BO, owing to its strong donor/acceptor interaction with L8‐BO, which shapes suitable phase separation morphology. Further research finds that PBTTz3Cl can exhibit excellent photovoltaic performances with various SMA materials, highlighting its universality. Based on this, ternary PSCs are designed where BTP‐eC9 is introduced as a guest into the PBTTz3Cl:L8‐BO host system. Thanks to further optimal blend morphology and more balanced charge transport, the PCE is improved up to 19.12%, which is among the highest values for PSCs. This work provides a new design of low‐cost electron‐deficient units for constructing highly versatile, high‐performance polymer donors.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Cascade Phosphinoylation/Cyclization of Phenacylmalononitriles with SecondaryH‐phosphine Oxides
Authors: Xiong Biquan , Shi Chonghao , Xu Weifeng , Liu Yu , Zhu Longzhi , Tang Ke‐Wen , Yin Shuang‐Feng , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: November 2022

The visible‐light‐induced synthesis of 5‐phosphoryl‐functionalized pyrroles has been established by eosin Y catalysis, and different electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing group substituted secondaryH‐phosphine oxides and phenacylmalononitriles showed good reactivity toward the reaction, affording the cascade phosphinoylation/cyclization products in 82–98% yields via P−C/C−N annulation. Step‐by‐step control experiments and31P NMR tracking experiments were further performed to gain the insights of the plausible reaction mechanism and kinetic reaction process. This reaction may have implications for the construction of C(sp2)−P bonds in organophosphorus chemistry.

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Micro‐Topographies Induce Epigenetic Reprogramming and Quiescence in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Vermeulen Steven , Van Puyvelde Bart , Bengtsson del Barrio Laura , Almey Ruben , van der Veer Bernard K. , Deforce Dieter , Dhaenens Maarten , de Boer Jan
Published: November 2022

Biomaterials can control cell and nuclear morphology. Since the shape of the nucleus influences chromatin architecture, gene expression and cell identity, surface topography can control cell phenotype. This study provides fundamental insights into how surface topography influences nuclear morphology, histone modifications, and expression of histone‐associated proteins through advanced histone mass spectrometry and microarray analysis. The authors find that nuclear confinement is associated with a loss of histone acetylation and nucleoli abundance, while pathway analysis reveals a substantial reduction in gene expression associated with chromosome organization. In light of previous observations where the authors found a decrease in proliferation and metabolism induced by micro‐topographies, they connect these findings with a quiescent phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells, as further shown by a reduction of ribosomal proteins and the maintenance of multipotency on micro‐topographies after long‐term culture conditions. Also, this influence of micro‐topographies on nuclear morphology and proliferation is reversible, as shown by a return of proliferation when re‐cultured on a flat surface. The findings provide novel insights into how biophysical signaling influences the epigenetic landscape and subsequent cellular phenotype.
In Situ TEM Observation of Electron‐Beam‐Induced Microstructural Evolution in van der Waals Layered Magnetic CrSBr Semiconductor
Authors: Deng Hao‐Wen , Tseng Yi‐Tang , Lee Mu‐Pai , Lin Yen‐Fu , Wu Wen‐Wei
Published: November 2022

CrSBr is a recently developed 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnet. However, this development is still in its infancy, and hence, there has been limited relevant research so far. In this study, ultrathin CrSBr is first prepared via blue‐tape‐based mechanical exfoliation. Subsequently, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are performed to obtain detailed information on the chemical structure. The thickness of most exfoliated samples measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is ≈1.6–6.5 nm corresponding to 2–8 layers. Notably, high‐resolution images of CrSBr atomic structures are seldom observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Atomic‐thick CrSBr is extremely beam‐sensitive, and hence, it is easily damaged under e‐beam irradiation. Nevertheless, e‐beam damage provides an opportunity to study the structural properties of CrSBr. Different types of knock‐on effects are recorded and further analyzed using atomic‐scale imaging. Furthermore, the high‐resolution TEM images show that the unique atomic stepped boundary is consistent with the orthorhombic slip system. The recrystallization process of CrSBr and the formation/refilling of the nanoholes are recorded via in situ TEM. These findings deepen the understanding of the fundamental insight into 2D vdW magnetic semiconductors and pave the way for next‐generation spin‐based electronics.
In‐season crop phenology using remote sensing and model‐guided machine learning
Authors: Worrall George , Judge Jasmeet , Boote Kenneth , Rangarajan Anand
Published: November 2022

Accurate in‐season crop phenology estimation (CPE) using remote sensing (RS)‐based machine‐learning methods is challenging because of limited ground‐truth data. In this study, a biophysical crop model was used to guide neural network (NN)‐based, in‐season CPE. Using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), we conducted uncalibrated simulations for corn (Zea mays L.) across Iowa and Illinois in the U.S. Midwest with in‐season weather and historical information for planting and harvest. We investigated guiding the NN CPE method with growth stage (GSTD) and water stress factor (WSF) outputs from these simulations. Results show that guided NNs are able to estimate onset and progression of phenological stages more accurately than an unguided baseline and a crop model‐only method. GSTD guidance improved CPE during seasons when progress deviated from a regional average because of temperature but was detrimental during seasons of delayed planting and harvest. WSF guidance improved CPE during seasons when planting and harvest were delayed by heavy rainfall but performed less well during grainfill and mature stages. Neural network‐based CPE guided by both GSTD and WSF provided the most accurate estimates for pre‐emergence, emerged, silking, and grainfill stages as well as lower RMSE for the median stage transition date than reported in three full‐season CPE studies. An accurate RS method for estimating planting could link DSSAT simulations to the current planting window and improve upon these results. This model‐guided approach can be extended to other crops and regions to unlock in‐season crop risk assessments that are directly linked to crop phenology.
Psychosocial risk factors for low back pain in US workers: Data from the 2002–2018 quality of work life survey
Authors: Yang Haiou , Lu Ming‐Lun , Haldeman Scott , Swanson Naomi
Published: November 2022

Background

Examining workplace psychosocial risk factors for back pain becomes increasingly important because of the changing nature of work and rising healthcare costs. Some psychosocial risk factors for back pain, such as work and family imbalance, exposure to a hostile work environment, and job insecurity, are understudied for the working population in the United States.

Methods

Data used in this study came from the Quality of Work Life Survey (QWL), a supplementary module of the General Social Survey conducted in the United States. Data from the 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 QWL surveys were used in these analyses, giving a total sample size of 6661. Five domains of workplace psychosocial risk factors for back pain were examined, including job strain, low social support, work‐family imbalance, exposure to a hostile work environment (harassment and discrimination), and job insecurity. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of each psychosocial risk factor for back pain with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model after controlling for job physical factors, occupation, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

Results

Significant associations were found between back pain and several psychosocial factors including job strain (aOR 1.19; CI 1.00,1.41), work‐family imbalance (aOR,1.42; CI 1.22,1.64), harassment (aOR 1.40; CI 1.15,1.71), and discrimination (aOR 1.20 CI 1.00,1.44).

Conclusion

This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between a variety of workplace psychosocial factors and back pain. Our findings suggest directions in future longitudinal research to examine emerging workplace psychosocial factors for back pain.
Optimization of Chlorella vulgaris cultivation grown in waste molasses syrup using mixture design
Authors: Mohammadi Fahimeh Sadat , Arabian Daryush
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to determine and optimize culture media for Chlorella vulgaris microalgae under mixotrophic conditions using waste molasses as a cheap carbon source containing both organic carbons and other nutrients. In the current study, at first the growth and lipid productivity of C. vulgaris were assessed in different culture media and the best media was selected for mixotrophic growth conditions. Significant medium ingredients were screened through Plackett–Burman design. Then ingredients with positive effect were considered as a mixture component and their combinations were evaluated on lipid productivity using mixture design. According to results, Zarrouk medium was considered as the base medium with the highest biomass and lipid productivity of 72 and 7.1 mg L−1 d−1, respectively. Based on the Plackett–Burman design, out of 11 factors, molasses, NaNO3 and K2HPO4 demonstrated key roles in biomass and lipid productivity in mixotrophic conditions. Consequently, the selected three factors were investigated by mixture design. The results showed that high concentration of molasses causes decrease in biomass and lipid productivity due to high turbidity and a blend consisting of approximately 9.5 g L−1 molasses, 5 g L−1 NaNO3 and 0.15 g L−1 K2HPO4 was found as the optimum mixture with obtained lipid productivity of 115 mg L−1 d−1. In conclusion, waste molasses can be used as a promising feedstock for cost effective cultivation of C. vulgaris.
Oxidation of lubricating oil and its influence on the aging behaviors of fluorine rubber
Authors: Yang Guo , Wang Qilong , Zhuo Wenyue , Li Gao , Niu Yanhua , Li Guangxian
Published: November 2022

Fluoroelastomer (FKM) has been widely used in aerospace and some particular fields, whose aging is a key problem to influence the service life of the systems. The aging behaviors of FKM in the lubricating oil have been investigated in our previous study. In this work, the influence of intentionally aged or oxidized lubricating oil (A‐O) on the aging process of FKM is reported for the first time comparing with the situation in the fresh oil (F‐O). As the oil medium aged at 200°C for different time, its color, acid number and contact angle with FKM change evidently indicating possible oxidation might occur although the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) has little change. Then, the influence of aged oil medium on the aging behaviors of FKM was further examined. Compared with F‐O, the aging process of FKM in A‐O was significantly accelerated as evidenced by FTIR, tensile strength, mass change, DMA, and macroscopic observation. With the increase of aging temperature from 150 to 200°C, the contrast between A‐O and F‐O conditions become more prominent. Specifically, at 200°C, the crosslinking density and tensile strength of FKM in A‐O decreased by 2.2 × 10−4 mol/cm3 and 2.5 MPa compared to that in F‐O, and the mass change reached to 3.8%, which might be due to the higher amount of oil medium by diffusion into the FKM matrix.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Catalyst‐Free Oxyarylation and Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Carbon Dioxide Radical Anion
Authors: Hou Jing , Hua Li‐Li , Huang Yan , Zhan Le‐Wu , Li Bin‐Dong
Published: November 2022

Visible‐light‐mediated oxyarylation and hydroarylation of alkenes with aryl halides using formate salts as the reductant and hydrogen source under ambient conditions were developed. These protocols represent rare catalyst‐free examples of the realization of such transformations. Using styrenes as substrates, oxyarylation could occur smoothly. Whereas, hydroarylation proceeds employing electron deficient alkenes. Moreover, dehalogenation proceeds successfully in the absence of alkenes. We expected that this method could provide a valuable strategy for the functionalization of aryl halides.
Strange stars confronting with the observations: Non‐Newtonian gravity effects, or the existence of a dark‐matter core
Authors: Pi Chun‐Mei , Yang Shu‐Hua
Published: November 2022

We find that the existence of strange stars is ruled out by the dimensionless tidal deformability of a star of GW170817 and the mass of PSR J0740 + 6620, both for the standard MIT bag model and for the density‐dependent quark mass model. However, if non‐Newtonian gravity effects are considered, strange stars can exist for certain ranges of the values of the non‐Newtonian gravity parameter. An alternative explanation to these observations is to suppose that strange stars in GW170817 have a dark‐matter core.
MET kinase inhibitor reverses resistance to entrectinib induced by hepatocyte growth factor in tumors with NTRK1 or ROS1 rearrangements
Authors: Takumi Yohei , Arai Sachiko , Suzuki Chiaki , Fukuda Koji , Nishiyama Akihiro , Takeuchi Shinji , Sato Hiroki , Matsumoto Kunio , Sugio Kenji , Yano Seiji
Published: November 2022

Background

Entrectinib is an effective drug for treating solid tumors with NTRK gene rearrangement and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ROS1 gene rearrangement. However, its efficacy is limited by tolerance and acquired resistance, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. The growth factors produced by the tumor microenvironment, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) produced by tumor‐associated fibroblasts, critically affect the sensitivity to targeted drugs.

Methods

We investigated whether growth factors that can be produced by the microenvironment affect sensitivity of NTRK1‐rearranged colon cancer KM12SM cells and ROS1‐rearranged NSCLC HCC78 cells to entrectinib both in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Among the growth factors assessed, HGF most potently induced entrectinib resistance in KM12SM and HCC78 cells by activating its receptor MET. HGF‐induced entrectinib resistance was reversed by the active‐HGF‐specific macrocyclic peptide HiP‐8 and the MET kinase inhibitor capmatinib in vitro. In addition, HGF‐producing fibroblasts promoted entrectinib resistance in vitro (culture model) and in vivo (subcutaneous tumor model). The use of capmatinib circumvented entrectinib resistance in a subcutaneous tumor model inoculated with KM12SM and HGF‐producing fibroblasts.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that growth factors in the tumor microenvironment, such as HGF, may induce resistance to entrectinib in tumors with NTRK1 or ROS1 rearrangements. Our results further suggest that optimally co‐administering inhibitors of resistance‐inducing growth factors may maximize the therapeutic efficacy of entrectinib.
Inverted T‐shape free gingival graft for treatment of RT3 gingival recession defects: Reporting of two cases
Authors: Alrmali Abdusalam , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: November 2022

Introduction

One of the most challenging aspects of treating gingival recession type 3 (RT3) is reconstructing lost interdental papillae, which is directly related to the loss of interproximal bone. Free gingival graft (FGG) has been successfully used to increase the keratinized tissue width (KTW) with minimal trauma to the interdental papilla. This presented case suggests that FGG can be used for reconstruction of lost initerdental papilla creeping attachment also plays an additional role in improving the results.

Case Presentation

The included two case reports suggest a novel technique using an FGG that is shaped in an inverted T‐shape to achieve partial root coverage, improve the compromised interdental papilla, and increase the KTW in RT3 defects.

Conclusions

This report presents a novel yet intuitive surgical technique for partial coverage of RT3 defects and reconstruction of the interdental papilla.

The inverted T‐shape soft tissue graft may be a valuable technique for papillary reconstruction in the challenge of RT3 recessions.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

Reporting innovative technique with the interproximal extension of the FGG that sutured lingually with the lingual marginal gingiva.

Improve interdental clinical attachment phenotype and height.

More predictable root coverage because of increased vascularized interproximal bed for the graft to be survived.

What are the keys to the successful management of this case?

Having at least 2mm interproximal space for graft survival.

Good Extension with proper fixation of the lingual part of the graft, and stabilization of the graft.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

limited capacity for perfusion and survival of the lingual extension due to limited vascularity.

More investigations are necessary to confirm the validity of this technique.
‘Mental Wealth’ and ‘Mental Fitness’: The discursive construction of mental health in the Australian news media during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Horwood Grace , Augoustinos Martha , Due Clemence
Published: November 2022

In this study, we analysed how the concept of ‘mental health’ was discursively constructed in the news media in Australia during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. An approach informed by critical discursive psychology was employed to analyse a sample of 436 print and online articles published in daily newspapers between January 1 and December 31, 2020. Three main interpretative repertoires were identified in the data. Together, these repertoires functioned to construct mental health as an internal, individual reservoir of positive emotion, which individuals are responsible for building and maintaining. An ideological dilemma was also observed between mental health as an individual responsibility and mental health as a societal responsibility. This study demonstrates that a discourse of individual responsibility for mental health was prevalent in the news media in Australia, even amid the COVID‐19 pandemic, and highlights the need for communications about mental health to be designed in ways that increase understanding of the social determinants of mental health. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New RTH‐Type Precursor and Its Interlayer Expanded Zeolite
Authors: Zi Wenwen , Zhang Jun , Jiang Jingang , Qu Konggang , Tao Shuo , Zhang Junjun
Published: November 2022

Two dimensional zeolites have drawn a lot of attention due to their structural diversity and chemical composition, which can be used to obtain 3D zeolites, for which there is no direct synthesis. Here, a new layer silicate zeolite L was synthesized using the N, N‐dimethyl‐(2‐methyl)‐benzimidazolium as the organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA) in the presence of fluoride. Structure determination by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the pure silica precursor with five‐ring pores in the crystalline sheets is composed of the rth layer stacking along the (001) direction in an …AAAA… sequence with SDA+ cations and F− residing within the interlayer spaces. Variable temperature powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) results showed that the new layer could transform into a 3D RTH topology structure at 350 °C via 2D‐3D topotactic transformation. Furthermore, a new 3D zeolite material is obtained by treating the original layer with a diethoxydimethylsilane agent under hydrochloric acid condition (HCl−DEDMS). Based on the PXRD results and the original layer structure, the new 3D zeolite structure expanding the rth layer with another Si atom is constructed, which possesses a 10×8×6 channel system. It displays a high BET surface area of 188 cm3/g with an external surface area of 130 cm3/g. The structure and textural properties pave a way for potential catalytic applications. The research not only provides a new layered zeolite, broadening the 2D zeolite framework types, but also allows for the discovery of a new stable 3D zeolite expanding the RTH structure with Si atom, which hasn't been reported yet.
Fluorescence Turn‐on of Tetraphenylethylene Derivative by Transfer from Cyclodextrin to Liposomes, HeLa Cells, andE. coli
Authors: Masuda Kosuke , Omokawa Riku , Kawasaki Riku , Mise Yuta , Ooyama Yousuke , Harada Shogo , Shinoda Wataru , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: November 2022

Herein, trimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (TMe‐β‐CDx) and γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CDx) could dissolve a tetraphenylethylene derivative (TPE−OH4) in water through high‐speed vibration milling. The fluorescence intensity of the TMe‐β‐CDx−TPE−OH4complex was much higher than that of the γ‐CDx−TPE−OH4complex, as the rotation of the central C=C double bond of TPE−OH4after photoactivation was inhibited in a smaller TMe‐β‐CDx cavity in comparison with the γ‐CDx cavity. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the γ‐CDx−TPE−OH4complex was very weak; nevertheless, it increased after the addition of liposomes due to the transfer of TPE−OH4from the γ‐CDx cavity to the lipid membrane as a “turn‐on” phenomenon. Furthermore, to apply temperature sensor, it was demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity in the liposomes depended on the phase‐transition temperature. By using the fluorescence turn‐on phenomenon, TPE−OH4could detect the presence of HeLa cells andE. coliby fluorescence.
Gas‐Phase Characterization of Hypervalent Carbon Compounds Bearing 7‐6‐7‐Ring Skeleton: Penta‐ versus Tetra‐Coordinate Isomers
Authors: Muramatsu Satoru , Ohshimo Keijiro , Shi Yuan , Kida Motoki , Shang Rong , Yamamoto Yohsuke , Misaizu Fuminori , Inokuchi Yoshiya
Published: November 2022

In this study, we afford explicit characterizations of the electronic and geometrical structures of recently reported hypervalent penta‐coordinate carbon compounds by using gas‐phase characterization techniques: photodissociation spectroscopy (PDS) and ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM–MS). In particular for a compound with moderately electron‐donating ligands, bearing p‐methylthiophenyl substituents, the coexistence of tetra‐ and penta‐coordinate isomers is confirmed, consistent with solution characterizations. It is in sharp contrast to the exclusive tetra‐coordinate form (with normal valence of the central carbon atom) in the single crystal. This suggests that a non‐polar environment makes the penta‐coordinate structure thermodynamically most stable. This delicate difference between the tetra‐ and penta‐coordinate structures, which depends on the environment, is a close reflection of the lower activation barrier of the SN2 reaction found in neutral solvent or gas‐phase reactions.
Cooperative Photochemical Reaction Kinetics in Organic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Morimoto Kohei , Kitagawa Daichi , Bardeen Christopher J. , Kobatake Seiya
Published: November 2022

Photoreactive molecular crystals have been intensively investigated as next‐generation functional materials. Changes in physicochemical properties are usually interpreted in terms of static pre‐ and post‐reaction molecular structures and packings determined by X‐ray structure analysis. However, to elucidate the dynamic properties, it is necessary to understand the dynamic nature of photochemical kinetics in crystals. Reaction dynamics in the crystal phase can be dramatically different from those in dilute solution because the local molecular environment evolves as the surrounding reactant molecules are transformed into products. In this Review article, we summarize multiple examples of photochemical reactions in the crystalline phase that do not follow classical kinetic behavior. We also discuss different theoretical methods that can be used to describe this behavior. This Review article should help provide a foundation for future workers to understand and analyze photochemical reaction kinetics in crystals.
Energy savings bottleneck diagnosis of cooling system based on integrated correlation analysis
Authors: Zhu Xiaochen , Cui Jiangtao , Li Yong
Published: November 2022

The circulation cooling system is an important auxiliary system in industry and has great potential for saving energy. However, a holistic energy savings retrofit of the system can cause high costs and a low input–output ratio. To address this problem, this paper integrates grey correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis to propose a new energy savings bottleneck diagnosis method for the circulating cooling system. This method deeply analyzes the operation mechanism of the industrial circulating cooling system and summarizes the main energy‐savings factor. Through the energy savings bottleneck diagnosis method based on grey correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis, the energy savings correlation coefficient and energy savings difference coefficient are calculated, and the relationship between each energy savings factor and the specific energy consumption is accurately described and quantified. Furthermore, the system energy savings bottleneck diagnosis is performed and the quantified energy savings priority of each system link is obtained. It can effectively guide the implementation of system energy savings optimization and retrofit. Finally, the effectiveness of the diagnosis method is demonstrated by simulation verification with actual network data.
Exploring the Far Side of Glycosyl Sulfoxide Activation Process
Authors: Chen Wei , Wu Pinru , Zeng Jing , Fang Jing , Liao Zhiwen , Cai Lei , Wang Hao , Meng Lingkui , Wan Qian
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The discovery of Kahne glycosylation forwards a big step in the carbohydrate chemistry. Despite an extensive series of studies, the precise mechanism of this powerful glycosylation is still not fully understood. To address these 30‐year puzzles, the far side of Kahne glycosylation is explored in this study. After a series of control and tracking experiments, a number of important intermediates including glycosyl oxo‐sulfonium ion and sulfenic anhydride (Crich's intermediate) are suggested to be responsible for the complex reaction pathway. It also reveals that in addition to the conventional ionic glycosylation pathway, a novel free radical pathway is very likely to contribute to the various side‐and co‐products. This study provides further understanding of Kahne glycosylation, and it also sheds light on how to improve the efficiency of sulfoxide‐based glycosylation reactions.
In Silico Partial N2 to NH3 Conversion with a Light Atom Molecule
Authors: Mebs Stefan
Published: November 2022

N2 can be stepwise converted in silico into one molecule NH3 and a secondary amide with a bond activator molecule consisting only of light main group elements. The proposed N2‐activating pincer‐related compound carries a silyl ion (Si(+)) center as well as three Lewis acidic (−BF2) and three Lewis basic (−PMe2) sites, providing an efficient binding pocket for gaseous N2 within the framework of intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP). In addition, it exhibits supportive secondary P−B and F⋅⋅⋅B contacts, which stabilize the structure. In the PSi(+)−N−N−BP environment the N≡N triple bond is extended from 1.09 Å to remarkable 1.43 Å, resembling a N−N single bond. The strongly activated N−N‐fragment is prone to subsequent hydride addition and protonation steps, resulting in the energy efficient transfer of two hydrogen equivalents. The next hydride added causes the release of one molecule NH3, but leaves the ligand system as poisoned R3Si(+)−NH2−PMe2 or R3Si(+)−NH3 dead‐end states behind. The study indicates that approximately tetrahedral constrained SiBP2‐pockets are capable to activate N2, whereas the acid‐rich SiB3‐ and SiB2P‐pocktes, as well as the base‐rich SiP3‐pockets fail, hinting towards the high relevance of the acid‐base proportion and relative orientation. The electronic structure of the N2‐activated state is compared to the corresponding state of a recently published peri‐substituted bond activator molecule featuring a PSi(+)−N−N−Si(+)P site (S. Mebs, J. Beckmann, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2022, 24, 20953–20967).
Coding Synthetic Chemistry Strategies for Furan Valorization into Bacterial Designer Cells**
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chang , Wu Zhong‐Liu , Deska Jan
Published: November 2022

Following a synthetic chemistry blueprint for the valorization of lignocellulosic platform chemicals, this study showcases a so far unprecedented approach to implement non‐natural enzyme modules in vivo. For the design of a novel functional whole cell tool, two purely abiotic transformations, a styrene monooxygenase‐catalyzed Achmatowicz rearrangement and an alcohol dehydrogenase‐mediated borrowing hydrogen redox isomerization, were incorporated into a recombinant bacterial host. Introducing this type of chemistry otherwise unknown in biosynthesis, the cellular factories were enabled to produce complex lactone building blocks in good yield from bio‐based furan substrates. This whole cell system streamlined the synthetic cascade, eliminated isolation and purification steps, and provided a high degree of stereoselectivity that has so far been elusive in the chemical methodology.
A 90‐ to 115‐GHz superheterodyne receiver front‐end for W‐band imaging system in 28‐nm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor
Authors: Wang Xi , Wei Dong , Zhang Zhiyang , Wu Tianxiang , Chen Xu , Chen Yong , Ren Junyan , Ma Shunli
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a broadband superheterodyne receiver (RX) front‐end for millimeter‐wave (mm‐Wave) imaging radar is presented. Realized in 28‐nm CMOS technology, the proposed RX incorporates a wideband low‐noise amplifier (LNA), double‐balanced passive mixers for the dual down‐conversion, a differential power divider, a differential intermediate frequency filters, a current‐mode‐logic divider‐by‐2, and a local oscillator buffers. Wideband technique and layout optimization are taken into consideration in the RX. A four‐stage LNA is devised to realize the high gain and low noise figure (NF) with a common‐gate input stage and three pseudodifferential common‐source stages. Optimized transistor layout and capacitor neutralization technique are developed to improve gain and noise performance. Transformer‐based matching networks with the peak‐staggered technique are adopted in the LNA to achieve a flatter gain response with a wider bandwidth (BW). The passive double‐balanced mixers are implemented with a highly symmetrical layout for broadband down‐conversion. Simulation results show that the mm‐Wave RX front‐end exhibits a BW ranging from 90 to 115 GHz. The simulated NF of our RX is 4.7 dB at 86 GHz. With a supply voltage of 1 V, the presented RX consumes 88.2‐mW power and occupies a chip size of 1.6 × 0.5 mm2 including all the testing pads. The proposed RX is suitable for W‐band imaging systems.
A critical analysis of Indonesia's 2013 national curriculum: Tensions between global and local concerns
Authors: Puad Lalu Mohmmad Abid Zainul , Ashton Karen
Published: November 2022

This paper critically examines Indonesia's 2013 national curriculum, implemented in 2019. The most significant change is the mandated use of formative assessment, which we argue is an example of policy borrowing, a trend also seen in many other countries globally. We argue that this policy has been adopted due to global and regional pressure on Indonesia to improve its education system. Alongside this, the 2013 curriculum has a strong emphasis on student attitudes, thereby promoting Indonesian national interests. Taking a holistic approach to our analysis, we follow Priestley et al.'s (2012) conceptual framing of sites of curriculum and draw on a wide range of data including policy texts, existing studies, media texts and teacher voice, to illustrate inconsistencies in the way formative assessment has been interpreted through the policy‐making process. Our analysis also highlights tensions between formative assessment and the Indonesian education system and cultural context. As we exemplify, curriculum making is a complex process involving many stakeholders; teachers are not mere enactors of policy and should not be viewed as the source of the ‘problem’ when issues occur. Our study will be of interest to others in examining the trend of diffused policy borrowing in non‐western settings.
Variability of the urinary and blood steroid profiles in healthy and physically active women with and without oral contraception
Authors: Moreillon Basile , Salamin Olivier , Krumm Bastien , Iannella Loredana , Molaioni Francesco , Kuuranne Tiia , Nicoli Raul , Saugy Jonas J. , Botrè Francesco , Faiss Raphael
Published: November 2022

The steroidal module of the athlete biological passport (ABP) targets the use of pseudo‐endogenous androgenous anabolic steroids in elite sport by monitoring urinary steroid profiles.

Urine and blood samples were collected weekly during two consecutive oral contraceptive pill (OCP) cycles in 15 physically active women to investigate the low urinary steroid concentrations and putative confounding effect of OCP.

In urine, testosterone (T) and epitestosterone (E) were below the limit of quantification of 1 ng/ml in 62% of the samples. Biomarkers' variability ranged between 31% and 41%, with a significantly lesser variability for ratios (except for T/E [41%]): 20% for androsterone/etiocholanolone (p < 0.001) and 25% for 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol/5ß‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (p < 0.001).

In serum, markers' variability (testosterone: 24%, androstenedione: 23%, dihydrotestosterone: 19%, and T/A4: 16%) was significantly lower than in urine (p < 0.001). Urinary A/Etio increased by >18% after the first 2 weeks (p < 0.05) following withdrawal blood loss. In contrast, serum T (0.98 nmol/l during the first week) and T/A4 (0.34 the first week) decreased significantly by more than 25% and 17% (p < 0.05), respectively, in the following weeks.

Our results outline steroidal variations during the OCP cycle, highlighting exogenous hormonal preparations as confounder for steroid concentrations in blood. Low steroid levels in urine samples have a clear negative impact on the subsequent interpretation of steroid profile of the ABP. With a greater analytical sensitivity and lesser variability for steroids in healthy active women, serum represents a complementary matrix to urine in the ABP steroidal module.
High species richness and turnover of vascular epiphytes is associated with water availability along the elevation gradient of Volcán Maderas, Nicaragua
Authors: Berrios Hazel K. , Coronado Indiana , Marsico Travis D.
Published: November 2022

Research that has been conducted documenting species richness patterns on tropical mountains has resulted in conflicting observations: monotonic declines with increasing elevation, monotonic increases with increasing elevation, and a mid‐elevation “bulge.” Currently, it is unclear if these differences are due to environmental differences among study areas, the taxonomic groups or ecological groups (e.g., growth form) sampled, or the scale of study along elevation gradients. Because of the difficulty in sampling and identifying canopy‐dwelling plants, the number of inventories quantifying tropical epiphytes is relatively limited and recent. In this study, we provide a detailed qualitative and quantitative assessment of the vascular epiphyte flora and its spatial distribution on Volcán Maderas, Isla de Ometepe, Nicaragua, including weather and environmental measurements along the entire elevation gradient of the volcano. We sampled epiphytes in five distinct forest types associated with increasing elevation as follows: dry forest, humid forest, wet forest, cloud forest, and elfin forest. Five weather stations were placed along the elevation gradient for us to relate observed patterns to environmental conditions. A mid‐elevation peak in species richness was detected for all vascular epiphytes at approximately 1000 m in elevation (cloud forest), yet epiphyte abundance increased with increasing elevation. In total we identified 206 taxa of vascular epiphytes belonging to 26 families and 73 genera. The most species‐rich family was the Orchidaceae with 55 species for the entire elevation gradient, followed by Bromeliaceae (29 species), Araceae (23), Polypodiaceae (25), Dryopteridaceae (16), and Piperaceae (11), with all other families represented by fewer than 10 species each. We found that richness patterns differ phylogenetically across epiphyte groups, possibly due to different adaptive strategies, and species for the most part appear to be narrowly distributed within specific habitat zones along the elevation gradient. Variables associated with moisture, precipitation, humidity, mist, or cloud cover are key to understanding the observed patterns.
Responses of a semiarid grassland to recurrent drought are linked to community functional composition
Authors: Luo Wentao , Muraina Taofeek O. , Griffin‐Nolan Robert J. , Ma Wang , Song Lin , Fu Wei , Yu Qiang , Knapp Alan K. , Wang Zhengwen , Han Xingguo , Collins Scott L.
Published: November 2022

Recurrent droughts are an inevitable consequence of climate change, yet how grasslands respond to such events is unclear. We conducted a 6‐year rainfall manipulation experiment in a semiarid grassland that consisted of an initial 2‐year drought (2015–2016), followed by a recovery period (2017–2018) and, finally, a second 2‐year drought (2019–2020). In each year, we estimated aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species richness, community‐weighted mean (CWM) plant traits, and several indices of functional diversity. The initial drought led to reduced ANPP, which was primarily driven by limited growth of forbs in the first year and grasses in the second year. Total ANPP completely recovered as the rapid recovery of grass productivity compensated for the slow recovery of forb productivity. The subsequent drought led to a greater reduction in total ANPP than the initial drought due to the greater decline of both grass and forb productivity. The structural equation models revealed that soil moisture influenced ANPP responses directly during the initial drought, and indirectly during the subsequent drought by lowering functional diversity, which resulted in reduced total ANPP. Additionally, ANPP was positively influenced by CWM plant height and leaf nitrogen during the recovery period and recurrent drought, respectively. Overall, the greater impact of the second drought on ecosystem function than the initial drought, as well as the underlying differential mechanism, underscores the need for an understanding of how increased drought frequency may alter semiarid grassland functioning.