bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cockpit Temperature as an Indicator of Thermal Strain in Sports Car Competition
Authors: BARTHEL SAMUEL C. , FERGUSON DAVID P.
Published: August 2020

Under current Federation Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) rules, the maximum cockpit temperature allowed in endurance sports car racing is dictated by the external ambient temperature (FIA Technical Regulation: 901-1). In the event that cockpit temperature exceeds ambient temperature, the race car driver is required to stop until the temperature has reduced. However, it is not known if cockpit temperature is an accurate measure of thermal strain on the driver.

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between race car cockpit temperature and thermal strain indicators among race car drivers.

Methods

Four male racing drivers’ heart rate (HR), skin temperature (T
skin), and core temperature (T
core) were measured continuously using the Equivital Life Monitor bio harness, and physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated during a hot (ambient temperature of 34.1°C ± 2.8°C) 6-h endurance race. Only data collected during green flag racing laps were analyzed.

Results

Cross-sectional analyses showed that cockpit temperature did not have a significant relationship with percent of HRmax, T
skin, T
core, or PSI (P > 0.05) during the race. Cockpit temperature decreased during driving time, whereas percent of HRmax, T
skin, T
core, and PSI increased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Cockpit temperature does not correlate with measures of race car driver thermal strain. Therefore, metrics to determine driver thermal strain should include direct monitoring of the race car driver.
Elio Corseuil: Obituary (1930-2020)
Authors: Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello , Specht Alexandre , Teston José Augusto
Published: August 2020

Elio Corseuil (20/07/1930-26/07/2020)
The Political Red Queen
Authors: Garzarelli Giampaolo , Galli Emma
Published: August 2020

In ‘The law of selection in the public economy as compared to the market economy’, Professor Francesco Forte (1982) – contemporary doyen of theScienza delle finanzetradition – extended an invitation to consider the public economy by means of evolutionary principles of selection. Not many replied to Professor Forte’s invitation. This article is a delayed response to the invitation. Through a parallel with a metaphor from Lewis Carroll, it proposes the Political Red Queen hypothesis: politicians work to stay in power by weakening the evolutionary pressure under which they would otherwise naturally operate. A Political Red Queen exerts effort –runs, in the language of Carroll’s original Red Queen metaphor – to make policy, promulgate laws, supply public and merit goods, and so on with the prime objective to survive by reducing the uncertainty linked to maintaining a political role. A Political Red Queen thus works to weaken ‘natural’ political selection. The Political Red Queen hypothesis is shown to hold,mutatis mutandis, for both democratic and non-democratic political environments. It can be viewed as incorporating a positive public choice nexus between politics-as-exchange and politics-as-power.
Irradiation effect of a submillimeter wave from 420 GHz gyrotron on amyloid peptides in vitro
Authors: Kawasaki Takayasu , Yamaguchi Yuusuke , Ueda Tomomi , Ishikawa Yuya , Yaji Toyonari , Ohta Toshiaki , Tsukiyama Koichi , Idehara Toshitaka , Saiki Masatoshi , Tani Masahiko
Published: August 2020

On using the far-infrared radiation system, whether the irradiation effect is thermal or non-thermal is controversial. We irradiated amyloid peptides that are causal factors for amyloidosis by using a submillimeter wave from 420 GHz gyrotron. Fluorescence reagent assay, optical and electron microscopies, and synchrotron-radiation infrared microscopy showed that the irradiation increased the fibrous conformation of peptides at room temperature for 30 min. The temperature increase on the sample was only below 5 K, and a simple heating up to 318 K hardly induced the fibril formation. Therefore, the amyloid aggregation was driven by the far-infrared radiation with little thermal effect.
Clinical signs, prevalence, and hematobiochemical profiles associated with Anaplasma infections in sheep of North Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Donea Abdulrazak , Ali Fawwaz Fadhil , Jasim Afrah Younis , Ola-Fadunsin Shola David , Gimba Fufa Ido , Ali Moeena Sadeq
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: Anaplasma infection is a worldwide prevalent condition that causes significant economic losses in affected flocks. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and clinical signs associated with ovine anaplasmosis as well as the hematological and biochemical changes associated with the disease in natural infection in North Iraq.

Materials and Methods: A total of 420 sheep were appropriately examined, and the clinical signs were documented accordingly. Blood samples were collected and subjected to parasitological, hematological, and biochemical analyses.

Results: Anaplasma-infected sheep displayed the following clinical signs: Paleness of the mucous membrane, bloody diarrhea, emaciation, pyrexia, jaundice, nasal discharge, coughing, loss of wool, nervous signs, hemoglobinuria, and lacrimation. The prevalence of Anaplasma infection was 66.19%, and female sheep were significantly (p<0.05) more infected than male sheep. The hematological and biochemical parameters were significantly different between Anaplasma-positive and Anaplasma-negative sheep.

Conclusion: Anaplasma infection among sheep is a significant concern in North Iraq considering its prevalence, clinical signs, and hematological and biochemical findings, which entirely causes significant debilitating effects on sheep productivity. It is important to pay more attention toward managing tick infestation among sheep to reduce the occurrence of this rickettsial disease for a more robust livestock sector of the Iraqi economy.
KOLABORASI PENELITI DI ERA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Rusdi Jack Febrian , Baktina Tedja Gurat , Hadiningrat R Gumilar , Sunaryo Budi , Fannya Puteri , Laurenty Fretycia
Published: August 2020

Advances in information and communication technology have an impact on the increasing number of scientific publications in the world. Scientific papers are indicators of a country's progress in the academic field. One strategy used to improve the quality of research is to collaborate with researchers. There is not much research that addresses the collaboration of researchers. This article provides an overview of the cooperation of researchers including the background of the partnership, as well as aspects that influence the teamwork of researchers, especially in the era of acceleration of information and communication technology. The method used is the study of literature. Reviews aim as the basis for assessing research productivity, especially in Indonesia.
ACG Clinical Guidelines: Clinical Use of Esophageal Physiologic Testing
Authors: Gyawali C. Prakash , Carlson Dustin A. , Chen Joan W. , Patel Amit , Wong Robert J. , Yadlapati Rena H.
Published: August 2020

Esophageal symptoms are common and may indicate the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), structural processes, motor dysfunction, behavioral conditions, or functional disorders. Esophageal physiologic tests are often performed when initial endoscopic evaluation is unrevealing, especially when symptoms persist despite empiric management. Commonly used esophageal physiologic tests include esophageal manometry, ambulatory reflux monitoring, and barium esophagram. Functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) has recently been approved for the evaluation of esophageal pressure and dimensions using volumetric distension of a catheter-mounted balloon and as an adjunctive test for the evaluation of symptoms suggestive of motor dysfunction. Targeted utilization of esophageal physiologic tests can lead to definitive diagnosis of esophageal disorders but can also help rule out organic disorders while making a diagnosis of functional esophageal disorders. Esophageal physiologic tests can evaluate obstructive symptoms (dysphagia and regurgitation), typical and atypical GERD symptoms, and behavioral symptoms (belching and rumination). Certain parameters from esophageal physiologic tests can help guide the management of GERD and predict outcomes. In this ACG clinical guideline, we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation process to describe performance characteristics and clinical value of esophageal physiologic tests and provide recommendations for their utilization in routine clinical practice.
Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in Celiac Disease: A US Claims Analysis
Authors: Cappell Katherine , Taylor Aliki , Johnson Barbara H. , Gelwicks Steve , Wang Song , Gerber Michele , Leffler Daniel A.
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Celiac disease (CeD) is a lifelong immune-mediated enteropathy in which dietary gluten triggers an inflammatory reaction in the small intestine. This retrospective cohort study examines healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs between patients with CeD and matched controls.

METHODS:

Patients with CeD (cases) with an endoscopic biopsy and ≥2 medical encounters with a CeD diagnosis between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2015, were identified in the MarketScan databases. The date of the first claim with a CeD diagnosis on or after the endoscopic biopsy was the index date. Cases were matched 1:1 to patients without CeD (controls) on demographic characteristics and Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Clinical characteristics, all-cause, and CeD-related HRU and costs (adjusted to 2017 US dollars) were compared between cases and controls during the 12 months before (baseline) and 24 months after (follow-up) the index date.

RESULTS:

A total of 11,008 cases (mean age 40.6 years, 71.3% women) were matched to 11,008 controls. During the follow-up, a higher proportion of cases had all-cause and CeD-related HRU including inpatient admissions, emergency department visits, gastroenterologist visits, dietician visits, endoscopic biopsies, and gastroenterology imaging (all P ≤ 0.002). Incremental all-cause and CeD-related costs were in the first ($7,921 and $2,894) and second ($3,777 and $935) year of follow-up, driven by outpatient services costs.

DISCUSSION:

In this US national claims database analysis, there was evidence of an increase in both all-cause and CeD-related HRU and related costs in patients with CeD compared with matched patients without CeD, suggesting a significant economic burden associated with CeD.
Social Determinants of Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bernstein Charles N. , Walld Randy , Marrie Ruth Ann
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

In a population-based inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, we aimed to determine whether having lower socioeconomic status (LSS) impacted on outcomes.

METHODS:

We identified all 9,298 Manitoba residents with IBD from April 1, 1995, to March 31, 2018 by applying a validated case definition to the Manitoba Health administrative database. We could identify all outpatient physician visits, hospitalizations, surgeries, intensive care unit admissions, and prescription medications. Their data were linked with 2 Manitoba databases, one identifying all persons who received Employment and Income Assistance and another identifying all persons with Child and Family Services contact. Area-level socioeconomic status was defined by a factor score incorporating average household income, single parent households, unemployment rate, and high school education rate. LSS was identified by any of ever being registered for Employment and Income Assistance or with Child and Family Services or being in the lowest area-level socioeconomic status quintile.

RESULTS:

Comparing persons with LSS vs those without any markers of LSS, there were increased rates of annual outpatient physician visits (relative risk [RR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.13), hospitalizations (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.31–1.44), intensive care unit admission (RR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.65–2.27), use of corticosteroids >2,000 mg/yr (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.21), and death (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% CI = 1.36–1.73). Narcotics (RR = 2.17, 95% CI = 2.01–2.34) and psychotropic medication use (RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.84–2.13) were increased. The impact of LSS was greater for those with Crohn's disease than for those with ulcerative colitis.

DISCUSSION:

LSS was associated with worse outcomes in persons with IBD. Social determinants of health at time of diagnosis should be highly considered and addressed.
Smoking and Colorectal Cancer Risk, Overall and by Molecular Subtypes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Botteri Edoardo , Borroni Elisa , Sloan Erica K. , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Bosetti Cristina , Peveri Giulia , Santucci Claudia , Specchia Claudia , van den Brandt Piet , Gallus Silvano , Lugo Alessandra
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of this study was to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evidence on the association between cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.

METHODS:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association between cigarette smoking and CRC risk published up to September 2018. We calculated relative risk (RR) of CRC according to smoking status, intensity, duration, pack-years, and time since quitting, with a focus on molecular subtypes of CRC.

RESULTS:

The meta-analysis summarizes the evidence from 188 original studies. Compared with never smokers, the pooled RR for CRC was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.18) for current smokers and 1.17 (95% CI 1.15–1.20) for former smokers. CRC risk increased linearly with smoking intensity and duration. Former smokers who had quit smoking for more than 25 years had significantly decreased risk of CRC compared with current smokers. Smoking was strongly associated with the risk of CRC, characterized by high CpG island methylator phenotype (RR 1.42; 95% CI 1.20–1.67; number of studies [n] = 4),BRAFmutation (RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.23–2.16; n = 4), or high microsatellite instability (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.32–1.85; n = 8), but not characterized byKRAS(RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.90–1.20; n = 5) orTP53(RR 1.13; 95% CI 0.99–1.29; n = 5) mutations.

DISCUSSION:

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of CRC in a dose-dependent manner with intensity and duration, and quitting smoking reduces CRC risk. Smoking greatly increases the risk of CRC that develops through the microsatellite instability pathway, characterized by microsatellite instability-high, CpG island methylator phenotype positive, andBRAFmutation.
Characteristics of Raw-Starch Degrading Amylase Bacteria from Natar Hot Spring Lampung
Authors: Frima Fina Khaerunnisa , Satiyarti Rina Budi , Anggraini Yulistia , Syafitri Erga , Rini Ika Agus
Published: August 2020

Indonesia has a diversity of hot spring as a habitat of bacteria. One of the hot springs is Natar hot spring, Lampung. This study is to report the characteristics of a bacterium called Nat1 isolate that produces amylase to degrade raw starch from Natar hot spring. Water samples were taken from hot springs with a temperature of 45°C and a pH of 7.0. Nat1 was isolated by screening on the medium of Starch-Luria Bertani at 37°C. Its amylase-producing bacteria showed an optimum amylolytic activity of a crude enzyme of Nat1 isolate in soluble starch was 267.2774 U/mL at 60°C. Genotypic identification results using the 16S rRNA gene showed that the Nat1 isolate is identified as Panninobacter phragmatetus. A crude enzyme of Nat1 isolate showed a novel amylase ability and could degrade the raw starch substrates, such as corn and sago, with the amount of reducing sugar for each raw starch, 37.0688 µmol/mg, and 24.2697 µmol/mg. In conclusion, Nat1 amylase is potentially used in industry for its ability to degrade raw starch directly.
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzodithiophene (BDT) Quinoid Compounds as a Potential Compound for n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFT)
Authors: Ariefin Mokhamat , Ayudha Vety Sri Harlinda
Published: August 2020

Two potential compounds as an n-Type organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) from benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. BDT was chosen as the core because it has π-conjugated bonds, rigid structures, and planar. Quinoid structure with end-cap (terminal group) in the form of dicyanomethylene is used because it can lower the LUMO value of the compound, and side chains are selected in the form of alkoxy so that two BDT derivatives are obtained namely BDTQ-6 (hexyloxy) and BDTQ-10 (decyloxy). Based on the results of TGA, BDTQ-6 and BDTQ-10 have decomposition points of 183°C and 203°C, which indicate the compound has excellent thermal stability. From the UV-Vis measurement, the λmax value of the two compounds is 599 nm with optical gap energy (Eg°pt) of 1.7 eV. From the DPV measurement, the LUMO value for the two compounds is -4.3 eV, with an energy gap (Eg) of 1.69 eV (BDTQ-6) and 1.70 eV (BDTQ-10). Based on observations of the crystal structure through x-ray diffraction, it was found that the BDTQ-10 crystal has a "brick type" layer arrangement with a distance between layers of 3.55 Å. With excellent thermal stability and suitable LUMO values and energy gaps, it is expected that BDTQ-6 and BDTQ-10 compounds have the potential to be n-Type OTFT materials.
Survey on Automatic Detection of Glaucoma through Deep Learning Using Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Diwakaran  , Sophia S.Sheeba Jeya
Published: August 2020

Glaucoma - a disease which causes damage to our eye's optic nerve and subsequently blinds the vision. This occurs due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) which causes the damage of optic nerve axons at the back of the eye, with eventual deterioration of vision. Presently, many works have been done towards automatic glaucoma detection using Fundus Images (FI) by extracting structural features. Structural features can be extracted from optic nerve head (ONH) analysis, cup to disc ratio (CDR) and Inferior, Superior, Nasal, Temporal (ISNT) rule in Fundus Image for glaucoma assessment.This survey presents various techniques for the early detection of glaucoma. Among the various techniques, retinal image-based detection plays a major role as it comes under non-invasive methods of detection. Here, a review and study were conducted for the different techniques of glaucoma detection using retinal fundus images. The objective of this survey is to obtain a technique which automatically analyze the retinal images of the eye with high efficiency and accuracy
Skin Cancer Detection Using Support Vector Machine Learning Classification based on Particle Swarm Optimization Capabilities
Authors: Fei Ding-Yu , Almasiri Osamah , Rafig Azhar
Published: August 2020

Skin cancer continues to be a common malignancy that has steadily increased each year. The need for early detection of such skin lesions is critical to preventing further medical complications. The main method for detection of skin cancer is by microscopic examination of skin lesions. Great efforts have been placed to use computer aided technologies for the analysis of skin lesions. In this study, we present a method for an algorithm design using Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning classification based on Particle swarm optimization (PSO) principles in order to improve the accuracy of skin lesion image analysis and classification for further diagnosis. Hospital Pedro Hispano (PH²) dataset with 200 images is used for this study. The method presented here incorporates 46 texture features in order to complete comprehensive image analytics and classification. The proposed method demonstrates an opportunity to explore best possible criteria in image analytics for clinical decision support.
A Block Diagram of Electromagnetoelastic Actuator for Control Systems in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Authors: Afonin Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: August 2020

The block diagram and the transfer functions of the electromagnetoelastic actuator are received for control systems in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The block diagram of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is reflected the transformation of electrical energy into mechanical energy, in contrast to Cady’s and Mason’s electrical equivalent circuits of piezotransducer. The electromagnetoelasticity equation and the second order linear ordinary differential equation with boundary conditions are solved for calculations the block diagram of the electromagnetoelastic actuator. The block diagram of the piezoactuator is obtained with using the reverse and direct piezoelectric effects. The back electromotive force is determined from the direct piezoelectric effect equation. The transfer functions of the piezoactuators are obtained for control systems in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Sections of the Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test Relevant for Discriminating Fast Versus Slow Walking Speeds in Community-Dwelling Older Women
Authors: Shinohara Tomoyuki , Saida Kosuke , Miyata Kazuhiro , Usuda Shigeru
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:

Walking speed can be used to identify characteristics of frailty in older adults. It has a strong positive correlation with balance abilities. The Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) was developed to assess functions of the 6 balance control systems in a short time. However, for community-dwelling older adults, the relationship between walking speed and the Brief-BESTest needs to be clarified. Even the cutoff scores for each Brief-BESTest section should be indicated for physical therapists to effectively evaluate balance deficits. Our objective was to establish cutoff scores for individual Brief-BESTest sections, determine fast or slow walkers in community-dwelling older adults, and investigate the relationship between balance control systems and walking speed.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional study involving 55 participants 77 years and older, the Brief-BESTest was evaluated after grouping the participants based on their walking speeds in public community centers. We compared the age, history of falls, handgrip strength, quadriceps strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, comfortable walking speeds, and the Brief-BESTest scores between the fast- and slow-walking groups by using the independent t test, Fisher exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test. We also determined the receiver operating characteristic curves, and calculated the cutoff, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of each section.

Results:

All sections of the Brief-BESTest, except Section 1 (Biomechanical Constraints) were able to differentiate between fast and slow walkers in community-dwelling older women. Section VI (Stability in Gait) showed the highest AUC (0.83) and the cutoff score for the fast- and slow-walker groups was 3.0 points (sensitivity = 0.85, specificity = 0.81). Sections III, IV, and V (Anticipatory, Reactive, and Sensory Orientation, respectively) had moderate AUC (0.71-0.72). Sections I and II (Stability Limits) showed weak correlations with the walking speed.

Conclusions:

Three sections (III, anticipatory postural adjustments; IV, reactive postural responses; and VI, stability in gait) could differentiate between fast and slow walkers. Section VI was a particularly important balance function measurement that differentiated the walking speed with the highest accuracy. Therefore, it should be a primary focus when physical therapists treat community-dwelling older adults.
Recycling or Rubbish? Understanding Decision-Making in Household Recycling Programs
Authors: Browne C. A. , Moloney B.
Published: August 2020

Material recycling is an increasingly complex global problem. Unprecedented levels of material consumption across developed economies and continuous innovation around materials and manufacturing within the economy have made the practical challenge of closing the loop in recycling increasingly difficult. At the same time, political decisions at the global scale, such as exported recyclables not meeting standards for processing, are forcing local municipalities and councils to reconsider their approach to curbside recycling systems. In recent decades, local councils in Australia have tried various methods, such as education and awareness training, for decreasing contamination of recyclable material in curbside recycling bins. These efforts have been shown to have had a limited effect. To investigate this phenomenon at a local level, we conducted a practical workshop and knowledge experiment with undergraduate engineering students. Students were given a worksheet where they were required to sort household items into curbside recycling, drop-off recycling, or landfill. In this experiment, there were two intervention groups: a picture-based intervention and slogan-based intervention. We found that students in both groups were able to more reliably sort items intended for the Recycling waste stream than the Landfill waste stream. Further, we found that waste education interventions did little to improve correct sorting of items in the Recycling waste stream but did make a difference for Landfill items. This shows that methods for improving communication about material waste streams are needed to improve end-of-life disposal efforts, even within a cohort of young adults who have a background in engineering materials.
Ethnicity and Government Provision of Drinking Water Infrastructure in Rural China
Authors: Pizzi Elise
Published: August 2020

What areas of the country does the Chinese government prioritize for drinking water provision infrastructure? Chinese policy prioritizes ethnic minorities and minority autonomous areas due to concerns about inequality and interethnic harmony. However, the implementation is not always equitable or favorable for ethnic minorities. Drawing on a new data set of more than 10,000 drinking water projects, I explore how ethnicity and autonomy influence public goods provision in rural Guizhou Province. I find implementation concerns trump official policy priorities when it comes to drinking water infrastructure. Such facilities are more likely to be built in Han-majority areas, because implementation and project completion are easier for officials. The findings have implications for ethnic politics and public goods provision in nondemocratic contexts. They also demonstrate why regions with larger minority populations are often slower to develop and slower to receive better access to basic public services.
High-Standard Rules and Political Leadership in Japan’s Mega-FTA Strategy
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidetaka
Published: August 2020

This article examines Japan’s trade policy on significant geo-economic developments by focusing on its engagement in three large free trade agreements: the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, and the Japan–EU Economic Partnership Agreement. Under the Abe administration, Japan has produced successful outcomes in mega-FTA strategy, concluding the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Japan–EU Economic Partnership Agreement in 2018. The making and diffusion of high-standard rules were given high priority in Japan’s mega-FTA strategy, and Prime Minister Abe’s political leadership in employing his political allies and executive aides and managing the opposition activities of veto players has enabled his administration to produce these successful outcomes.
A Rosaceae Family-Level Approach To Identify Loci Influencing Soluble Solids Content in Blackberry for DNA-Informed Breeding
Authors: Zurn Jason D , Driskill Mandie , Jung Sook , Main Dorrie , Yin Melinda H , Clark Melissa C , Cheng Lailiang , Ashrafi Hamid , Aryal Rishi , Clark John R , Worthington Margaret , Finn Chad E , Peace Cameron , Iezzoni Amy , Bassil Nahla
Published: August 2020

A Rosaceae family-level candidate gene approach was used to identify genes associated with sugar content in blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus). Three regions conserved among apple (Malus × domestica), peach (Prunus persica), and alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca) were identified that contained previously detected sweetness-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) in at least two of the crops. Sugar related genes from these conserved regions and 789 sugar-associated apple genes were used to identify 279 Rubus candidate transcripts. A Hyb-Seq approach was used in conjunction with PacBio sequencing to generate haplotype level sequence information of sugar-related genes for 40 cultivars with high and low soluble solids content from the University of Arkansas and USDA blackberry breeding programs. Polymorphisms were identified relative to the ‘Hillquist’ blackberry (R. argutus) and ORUS 4115-3 black raspberry (R. occidentalis) genomes and tested for their association with soluble solids content (SSC). A total of 173 alleles were identified that were significantly (α = 0.05) associated with SSC. KASP genotyping was conducted for 92 of these alleles on a validation set of blackberries from each breeding program and 48 markers were identified that were significantly associated with SSC. One QTL, qSSC-Ruh-ch1.1, identified in both breeding programs accounted for an increase of 1.5 °Brix and the polymorphisms were detected in the intron space of a sucrose synthase gene. This discovery represents the first environmentally stable sweetness QTL identified in blackberry. The approach demonstrated in this study can be used to develop breeding tools for other crops that have not yet benefited directly from the genomics revolution.
Estimation of Natural Selection and Allele Age from Time Series Allele Frequency Data Using a Novel Likelihood-Based Approach
Authors: He Zhangyi , Dai Xiaoyang , Beaumont Mark , Yu Feng
Published: August 2020

Temporally spaced genetic data allow for more accurate inference of population genetic parameters and hypothesis testing on the recent action of natural selection. In this work, we develop a novel likelihood-based method for jointly estimating selection coefficient and allele age from time series data of allele frequencies. Our approach is based on a hidden Markov model where the underlying process is a Wright-Fisher diffusion conditioned to survive until the time of the most recent sample. This formulation circumvents the assumption required in existing methods that the allele is created by mutation at a certain low frequency. We calculate the likelihood by numerically solving the resulting Kolmogorov backward equation backward in time while reweighting the solution with the emission probabilities of the observation at each sampling time point. This procedure reduces the two-dimensional numerical search for the maximum of the likelihood surface, for both the selection coefficient and the allele age, to a one-dimensional search over the selection coefficient only. We illustrate through extensive simulations that our method can produce accurate estimates of the selection coefficient and the allele age under both constant and nonconstant demographic histories. We apply our approach to reanalyze ancient DNA data associated with horse base coat colors. We find that ignoring demographic histories or grouping raw samples can significantly bias the inference results.
Gender and job satisfaction in higher education institution: Case study from Uzbekistan
Authors: Smagina Olesya
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between gender and job satisfaction, as well as its factors. The case study was conducted among academic and administrative staff at a university environment, to identify factors contributing to job satisfaction and their importance for female and male employees. Overall, there were 102 returned questionnaires and 20 interviews with academic and administrative employees.
The relationships between gender and job satisfaction factors were found for specific factors such as personal workspace and job security. T-tests identified statistical significance for differences in satisfaction with personal workspace, relationship with co-workers, and support for training and development factors. Besides, more females are concerned with flexibility at work than males.
Mentality management: Mentality formation and strategy development
Authors: Voinycha Liliia , Popivniak Roman
Published: August 2020

The goal of this article is to analyze problems relating to the mindset of the Ukrainian people as it pertains to Ukraine’s integration into the European Union.  Several different methods were used in this analysis. Comparative analysis identified similarities and differences between the peoples of the European Union and Ukraine. Also, an abstract-logical method was used to define the main problems relating to state support for democracy in Ukraine. Finally, a statistical-economic method was used to identify the existence and closeness of the connection between the standard of living and the perpetuation of corruption in Ukraine. The work analyses the principal directions and problems of mentality management for the people of Ukraine and finds that the strategy development for the Ukrainian personality should be focused not only on the self-improvement of each individual but also on developing practical recommendations for strengthening the democratic foundations of Ukrainian society.
Menedzserizmus a felsőoktatásban: érvek, ellenérvek, alternatívák
Authors: Kováts Gergely
Published: August 2020

Absztrakt:

Az elmúlt évtizedek felsőoktatási reformjainak egyik kiemelt célja az
eredményesebb intézményi működés elérése volt, amelyet a menedzsment
megerősítésével kívántak elérni. A menedzserizmus azonban az egyetem
diszfunkcionális működését is eredményezte. A tanulmány alapkérdése, hogy milyen
alternatívái fogalmazódnak meg a menedzserizmusnak azokban az országokban, ahol
ez vált az uralkodó egyetemszervezési megközelítéssé. A cikk áttekinti a
menedzserizmus kialakulásának okait és kritikáját, néhány ellenállási és
reformstratégiát, valamint illusztrációként bemutat egy egyedi irányítási
gyakorlattal rendelkező egyetemet, a szövetkezeti elvekre épülő Mondragon
Egyetemet.

A reformjavaslatok egyike sem vágyódik vissza az elefántcsonttoronyba, és egyik
sem vitatja a hatékonyság és eredményesség fontosságát. Mindegyik úgy véli
azonban, hogy a menedzserizmusnál vannak jobb módok, amelyek a hatékonyság
elérése mellett a közösség és az érintettek érdekeit teljesebben meg tudják
jeleníteni és jobban ki tudják egyensúlyozni. Mindegyik javaslat kiemeli a
döntéshozási folyamatok demokratizálásának szükségességét, ami elengedhetetlen
feltétele az egyetem megújulásának
A doktori képzésből lemorzsolódók vizsgálata
Authors: Szigeti Fruzsina
Published: August 2020

Absztrakt:

A magyar felsőoktatásból történő lemorzsolódási arány közel 40 százalék, ami
képzési szintek szerint a tudományos képzésben a legmagasabb. Kutatásunkban
megvizsgáltuk a 2010/2011-es és a 2014/2015-ös tanév őszi szemeszterében
beiratkozott PhD-hallgatók lemorzsolódásának mintázatait, és elemeztük azt is,
hogy a felvett kreditek száma, a passzív státusz, a képzési terület, a képző
intézmény és a képzés finanszírozási formája befolyásolja-e a lemorzsolódást.
Elemzésünk alapját a Felsőoktatási Információs Rendszer (FIR) adatai adják.
Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy akárcsak a többi képzési területnél a PhD-képzés
esetében is az 1. és a 2. szemeszter a legkritikusabb lemorzsolódási
periódus.
Mit adhatnak a társadalmi vállalkozások a felsőoktatásnak? – Perspektívák és kapcsolódások
Authors: Matolay Réka , Révész Éva Erika
Published: August 2020

Absztrakt:

Cikkünkben a társadalmi vállalkozások és a felsőoktatás lehetséges kapcsolatát,
kapcsolódásait járjuk körül elsősorban abból a szempontból, hogy a társadalmi
vállalkozás viszonylag új koncepciója miképp hathat a felsőoktatási intézmények
működésére. Ezt a kérdést – a társadalmi vállalkozás fogalmának körbejárását
követően – három irányból látjuk izgalmasnak vizsgálni: elsőként bemutatjuk a
társadalmi vállalkozás koncepció néhány lehetséges hatását a felsőoktatási
intézmények működésére; ezt követően a tématerület megjelenését tekintjük át a
felsőoktatásban, fókuszálva a gazdálkodástudományok területére; végezetül
elemezzük a társadalmi vállalkozásokhoz való kapcsolódást egy úgynevezett
science shop tapasztalatai alapján, amelyet a felsőoktatási
intézmények harmadik missziójának egyik megvalósítási módjaként tartanak
számon.
Kooperációs tanulási kísérlet iskolai osztályteremben
Authors: Csepeli György , Szathmáry Eörs , Murányi István
Published: August 2020

Absztrakt:

Két kísérlet eredményeit mutatjuk be a cikkben. A kísérleteket az Elliot Aronson
által kifejlesztett mozaikmódszerrel végeztük abból a célból, hogy kimutassuk a
kooperációs tanulási módszer előnyeit az osztályteremben zajló tanulás során. A
kooperáció evolúciós biológiai és szociálpszichológiai értelmezése alapján azt
vártuk, hogy az együttműködés pozitív hatást gyakorol a tanulók egyes szociális
készségeinek alakulására. Kiderült, hogy ez a várakozás csak bizonyos feltételek
között igaz. A nyolcadikos, iskolaváltás előtt álló diákok kevésbé hajlanak a
kooperációra, s a biológia mint tantárgy is kevéssé alkalmas a módszer
alkalmazására. Fiatalabb korú diákok és diszkurzív tantárgy esetén viszont a
kooperatív módszer alkalmazása előnyös.
The health psychology approach to normal ageing
Authors: Hoyer M.
Published: August 2020

Approaching the process of normal ageing with a health psychology model was an important development in health science. In earlier healing models, questions of old age were either ignored or dealt with only in the context of various diseases. Definitions of the stages of human life have changed and pushed the limits of old age to a higher level. The expanding human life course raises important medical, psychological, and sociological issues. The definition of ageing and the characteristics of normal ageing need to be reconsidered. The cognitive representations of ageing people are a good reflection of how they think about themselves, the world, and the stage of life ahead. The contribution of health psychology as a modern approach to healthy ageing has greatly altered the attitudes of healthcare professionals. The concept of active old age helps to deal with the growing number of elderly people in a new context. In this brief overview of the health psychology approach to normal ageing, we aim to help healthcare professionals better manage the problems in their daily work. In a brief introduction, we review the physical and mental symptoms of ageing. We strive to isolate the normal variants from gerontopsychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders. While normal ageing does not require clinical attention, psychiatric disorders do, and we briefly describe the therapeutic forms. Psychoeducation, group therapy, and supportive techniques prove to be the most effective.
State space modeling theory of induction machines
Authors: Németh Zoltán , Kuczmann Miklós
Published: August 2020

The paper discusses the theoretical background of the state space modeling of induction machines. The main goal is to present the necessary equations of the induction machine and the topic of the state space modeling. Although the induction machine is a highly non-linear system, LPV/qLPV model can be formulated from these equations.
Household electricity usage optimization using MPC and mixed integer programming
Authors: Taik Salma , Kiss Bálint
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the control of the electric energy consumption in a household equipped with smart devices. The household consumption pattern is the result of a two-level optimization framework. The scheduling of the electric appliances is determined by the first optimization, receiving Time of Use tariffs proposed by the utility company. The scheduler considers the consumer's preferences on the powering on for each appliance.

Secondly a model predictive controller is developed to control the electric heating system based on energy constraints resulting from the appliance scheduling.

Simulations show the energy efficiency and an optimized electricity cost of the strategy proposed.
Analysis of movement of persons with disabilities during evacuation by lift
Authors: Szénay Martin , Lopušniak Martin
Published: August 2020

Lifts are indispensable for the evacuation of mobility-impaired people from buildings in case of emergency. It is necessary to quantify the movement parameters of these people and describe the entire process using a suitable algorithm. The aim of the research was to quantify the times and speeds of movement for a person using a wheelchair and for an injured person. An experiment in situ was used. During the experiment, arrivals at the lift, cabin entries, and exits were monitored. The results include the times and speeds of a mobility-impaired person's movement. The experiments showed that a person using a wheelchair was slower than an injured person. The results can be used to expand computational models to account for the possibility of using lifts for evacuation.
Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Lukac Peter , Jurik Lubos
Published: August 2020

Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.
Formex algebra adaptation into parametric design tools and rotational grids
Authors: Sárközi Réka , Iványi Péter , Széll Attila Béla
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the adaptation of the formex configuration processing to the computer program Grasshopper 3D and focuses on the applied mathematical solutions. Formex algebra is a mathematical system, primarily used for planning structural systems like truss-grid domes and vaults, together with the programming language Formian. The goal of the research is to allow architects to plan truss-grid structures easily with parametric design tools based on the versatile formex algebra mathematical system. To produce regular structures, coordinate system transformations are used. Owing to the abilities of the parametric design software, it is possible to apply further modifications on the structures and gain special forms. The paper covers the basic dome types, and it introduces additional dome-based structures using special coordinate-system solutions based on a spherical coordinate system, vault structures and their modifications based on a cylindrical coordinate system and circular structures and their modifications based on polar coordinates. Moreover two rotational grid tools are introduced, which uses coordinate system transformations on a unique way to create surfaces of revolutions based on the given generating curve and create grid structures on these surfaces. It also describes the solution technique to implement the triangular grid version of every one of these tools based on diamatic domes. The adaptation of formex algebra and the parametric workflow of Grasshopper together give the possibility of quick and easy design and optimization of special truss-grid domes.
Optimized room arrangement and building shaping of an industrial and office facility
Authors: Androsics Tamás , Baranyai Bálint
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes the application of energy efficient, low tech (passive) building design strategies and concepts in an industrial facility case study, in order to create a building with high efficiency and comfort within the boundaries of a tight investment cost. The planning process is supported by dynamic thermal and daylight simulations. Two versions were considered, a conventional industry building and a low tech one with climate zone based space organization. According to the evaluation of thermal and visual comfort as well as energy demand the selected version with the innovative passive concept delivered considerably better performance. According to the constructor’s concept, the reference building had to be placed by minimal adaptation on the new site. After considering and calling this concept into question, a new ‘energy design’ concept was elaborated at the sketch planning level. The new concept was compared with the reference building and a quantified, simulation assisted evaluation was provided about the cases. Since there was an essential improvement in comfort and energy level and, in addition, at architectural standard, the constructor could have been convinced to accept the new concept.
A comparative evaluation of techniques for N-way joins in wireless sensors networks
Authors: Djail Boubekeur , Hidouci Walid Khaled , Loudini Malik
Published: August 2020

In wireless sensors networks, data are sensed and recorded as databases, and then acceded by relational queries. Joins are queries that are largely used. Joins collect data from several nodes’ table. These are operations that typically consume a lot of energy because they generate a large number of messages in the network. Researchers worked to decrease this consumed energy. Many strategies were proposed in this way, but most of them addressed only binary joins. N-way joins received few interests. N-way joins perform join operations between more than two tables. They cause greater energy consumption. Additionally, the number of execution order is very important; it grows exponentially with the number of considered tables.
Ocho Balay: Design of a permanent typhoon shelter for the rural areas in the Philippines
Authors: Shih Rowell Ray , Ravina Danilo
Published: August 2020

In 2013 Typhoon Haiyan, devastated several portions of the Philippines, which resulted in more than 7,000 deaths and thousands made homeless. The aim of this study is to propose a design of a permanent shelter as a continuation of the I-Siguro Daan Transitional Shelter, which was successfully deployed in 2014 and produce a transitional shelter prototype, for the victims of typhoon Haiyan. In order to develop the methodological design of the Permanent Shelter, the author presented several factors into consideration: the understanding how the rural communities use the present I-Siguro Daan Transitional Shelter; to further develop and improve the interior space of the shelter; to propose a better roof design; and to design a sustainable toilet and kitchen area for the users. Methodologies used in the study were the use of surveys and interactions with the community, which focuses on gaining the understanding how the communities use the present I-Siguro Daan Transitional Shelter. By exploring related case studies and literatures, site surveys and consultations with different groups, the resulting Permanent Shelter will a promising solution for improving the lives of the communities while also providing groundwork for future shelter related studies.