bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Characteristics Of Firms Adopting Poison Pill Plans
Authors: Mohan Nancy K. , Ainina M. Fall , Kaufman, Jr. Daniel J.
Published: February 2016

This study investigates whether firms adopting poison pill plans possess financial characteristics indicative of their having free cash flow. The analysis uses six financial ratios selected to provide evidence of whether a firm has cash flows in excess of those needed to fund value-enhancing investments. A sample of 184 firms that have adopted poison pill plans were matched with firms from their industries. The results provide little evidence supporting the implications of the free cash flow theory.
A Monetary Examination Of Swedish Balance Of Payments Adjustment
Authors: Kjetsaa Richard W.
Published: February 2016

The monetary approach to the balance of payments presents an alternative analysis of international imbalance one that highlights and brings to the forefront the role of monetary variables. This open economy macrofinancial theory postulates that external disorders reflect disequilibrium between the demand for and supply of money. The balance of payments is a monetary phenomenon. In this paper both the reserve-flow and exchange market pressure formulations are examined.
An Investigation Into The Importance Of Communication Skills
Authors: Bean Virginia L. , Watanabe Judith E.
Published: February 2016

Business leaders and academics agree that both written and oral communication skills are necessary for success in all fields of business and that recent graduates are deficient in these skills. A lack of appreciation of the importance of communication skills has been suggested as one obstacle to accounting students achieving desired skill levels. Questionnaires regarding the importance of communication skills were completed by 356 randomly selected accounting graduates of 13 universities and 287 students from 5 universities. Students generally rated the skills as more important than practitioners.
Choice Of Functional Currency Under SFAS No. 52
Authors: Hosseini Ahmad , Rezaee Zabihollah
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of various factors in the choice of the functional currency used by 400 major multinational corporations Selection of functional currency is a key feature of SFAS No. 52 because it determines the method used to translate foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars and the extent to which changes in exchange rates affect consolidated operating results. The results reveal that cash flows and sales market were the two most important factors, while financing and intercompany transactions were the least important criteria in selecting the functional currency.
An Evaluation Of SFAS No. 71: Regulated Enterprises
Authors: Chandy P.R. , Ndubizu Gordian
Published: February 2016

In December 1982, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 71 which became effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1983. This statement regulates the accounting practices of regulated enterprises. The major controversial aspects of SFAS No. 71 are: (1) requiring special accounting for regulated industry, (2) capitalization of future revenues, (3) treatment of refund, and (4) impacts of SFAS No. 71 on financial reporting and rate cases. Given these controversies and new developments in the electric utility industry, the FASB has issued an exposure draft to revise some of the provisions of SFAS No. 71. The revisions as stipulated in December 19, 1985 exposure draft amend the accounting treatment of phase-in-plan, abandonments, and disallowances of costs of newly completed plants. Questions such as, whether Generally Acceptable Accounting Principle (GAAP) should be formulated for each industry (e.g. regulated/nonregulated), impact of SFAS No. 71 on financial reporting and rate cases, and accounting treatments of refund are not forcefully addressed in the exposure draft.As an input to current deliberations on SFAS No. 71 this study explores investor owned utility companys opinions concerning the controversial aspect of the statement specified above. In addition, the study reviews major issues addressed in the exposure draft amending SFAS No. 71.
The Market Response To Unexpected Dividend Announcements
Authors: Stephens Alan A. , Proffitt Dennis
Published: February 2016

Research concerning the informational content of dividends continues to provide inconsistent results. This paper argues that this lack of consistency is the result of the definition of dividend expectations used in past studies. This study examines a broad cross-section of dividend policies and incorporates into the definition of dividend policy the full range of past sequence and timing of dividend changes.
Strategic Responses Of Business To Consumerism
Authors: Alford Howard L.
Published: February 2016

Through the private enterprise system of fierce competition and heightened entrepreneurship, providers of consumer goods have frequently intensified their efforts to maximize profits. In doing this, the interest and needs of workers and the consuming public were somewhat ignored, which results in what some felt to be questionable practices on the part of private enterprise. The public became interested in pricing, ads, quality and durability of goods together with the overall fidelity of business. Business considered strategic alternatives in responding to the concerns of society. Strategic responses to consumerism by the business community included a broad continuum of measures designed to allay these judgements. This paper addressed four issues including: education and information, marketing, customer service, and consumer affairs departments. It was recognized that the public raised ethical conduct questions regarding advertising and pricing long before consumerism reached its peak during the decade of the 1960s.
Exchange Rates And Consumer Choice: Compensating Government Workers For Declines In The Dollar
Authors: Horn Robert N. , Jerome, Jr. Robert T.
Published: February 2016

Traditional indifference curve theory is limited to explaining consumer choice between two goods or groups of goods; however, in the latter case the groups are seldom well-defined or relevant. The current article evaluates consumer adjustment between two relevant, well-defined groups of commodities, one denominated in U.S. dollars, the other in Deutsch marks. Changes in currency exchange rates and resultant changes in consumer behavior are easily analyzed using traditional indifference curve analysis. Additionally, compensation schemes customarily used to offset fluctuations are shown not to be welfare neutral.
Employment Creation And Local Development
Authors: O'Connor Dennis A.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this paper is to offer a measuring devise to assess the economic impact of new business enterprises upon a local or state economy. This shall be accomplished by constructing multipliers for employment creation, income generation, and tax revenue acquisition.
An Examination Of Financial Ratios For The Asset Management Of Selected Industries
Authors: Conway James , Wingender John
Published: February 2016

The empirical approach in this research uses factor analysis to investigate the importance of various financial ratios in selected industries from 1972 through 1981 as reported in the Compustat Database. One of the main conclusions is that financial ratios do not differ significantly in importance among the industries studied. However, their relative importance is not consistent within an industry group over time. This new finding indicates that past relationships cannot be used to accurately forecast future relationships.
Structured Mentorship For New Employees: A Case Study
Authors: Barnes A. Keith , Mendleson Jack L. , Horn Greg T.
Published: February 2016

In The Southland Corporations Pacific Western Division new field representatives are assigned a Sponsor/Mentor. Intentions include the provision of a neutral person with whom to talk-over problems. To examine the nature of sponsor/sponsoree relationships and to evaluate participant benefits a study was conducted involving structure interviews with sponsors and sponsorees. Grouped responses, in some of the focused areas of the research, provided indices (of satisfaction with the relationship, for example). In addition, sponsoree perceptions of their sponsors adherence to the six prescribed behaviors of the Robert Carkhuff (1971) model for helping relationships were measured. The level of correlation between Carkhuffian behavior, by the sponsor, and sponsoree satisfaction was established, and participant suggestions were obtained. Sponsor and Sponsoree satisfaction with the program was found to be high, though sponsors are much more satisfied than sponsorees. The relationship between sponsor satisfaction and treatment in the Carkhuff recommendations was found to be moderately correlated.
Heavy-Light User Perception Of Selected Direct Marketing Channels
Authors: Wise Gordon L. , Brown Herbert E.
Published: February 2016

Presented here are the results of a study of consumer perception of four direct marketing channels: direct mail, television, door-to-door, and telephone. Overall, perception of these channels was found predominantly negative. Direct mail was the only channel that received modestly favorable reviews. Heavy users of all channels were found to have the more positive images of those channels. The industry appears to have an underside, part truth and part hearsay, which appears to need industry attention.
The Impact Of The Tax Reform Act On Rental Properties
Authors: Neumann Reuben , Milne Ronald A.
Published: February 2016

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 reduces the tax benefits of investments in rental properties. To compensate for the loss of these tax benefits the investor must either accept a lower after tax cash flow or the rents must be raised. This article suggests that a rent increase of 28% may be necessary in order for the investor to maintain the same after tax cash flow as before the tax law changes.
Evolution Of Direct Shipping Of Wine In The United States -- Economic, Legal And Political Considerations
Authors: Ehart Charles W. , Forrer Donald A.
Published: February 2016

The study examines the effort of wine producers and others in the United States to permit direct shipping of wine to consumers bypassing the traditional three-tier system, where product typically flows from the supplier, to the wholesaler, to the retailer, and ultimately the consumer. The case study places an emphasis on the economic, legal and political issues that have been faced by state legislatures when considering proposals to permit direct shipping. The analysis will discuss the history and evolution of public policies and state laws in the past three decades and will focus on the Maryland experience.
Big GAAP/Little GAAP: Will The Debate Ever End?
Authors: Wright Gail B. , Fernandez Daniel , Burns Jeremy , Hawkins Ryan , Hornsby Christina , Patel Sunny
Published: February 2016

There has been an ongoing debate for decades, especially since the inception of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), over the appropriate application of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to private companies. This so-called Big GAAP vs. Little GAAP debate has now come to a crisis point. The Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF) has taken a position that is contrary to the recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Panel on Standard Setting for Private Companies (the Panel) presented in January 2011, despite having been represented on the Panel. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), also represented on the Panel, has responded by taking a strong stand in favor of the Panels position and against the new FAF recommendation and Invitation to Comment, published on October 4, 2011. Additionally, the International Accounting Standards Board has developed a set of reporting standards for small and medium size enterprises (IFRS for SMEs) that has not been recognized in the US. In this paper, we examine the history of the Big GAAP/Little GAAP debate in the US and internationally. We find substantial support for reducing requirements of private companies and recommend that International Financial Reporting Standards for Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises (IFRS for SMEs) be used for public companies of all sizes to be consistent with standards that have been accepted globally.
Retirement And Estate Planning With An Emphasis On Individual Retirement Accounts
Authors: Fryar, Jr. Johnny , Warther Joe , Thibodeau Todd , Drucker Meyer
Published: February 2016

Tax sheltering earned income for use in later years has become the cornerstone of many taxpayers retirement plans since so many companies have dropped their defined benefit pension plans in order to remain competitive in todays international market place. Many taxpayers are utilizing Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs and designated Roth accounts as important financial planning tools when the other plans are not readily available or no longer useful for their situations.
Uncovering The Myth Surrounding Cash Hoarding And Corporate Capital Expenditures Since 2008
Authors: Duggal Rakesh , Budden Michael Craig
Published: February 2016

If reports in the popular press are to be believed, even though the great recession of 2008 ended in 2009, U.S. corporate capital expenditures did not rebound. Lack of capital investment due to widespread cash hoarding is cited as a reason for the slow economic recovery. This study does not find evidence that S&P 500 firms have slowed their rate of capital expenditures. On the contrary, capital intensive industries, such as materials, energy, and industrials show significant growth in capital expenditures in 2010 and 2011.
Misconceptions Of Employee Turnover: Evidence-Based Information For The Retail Grocery Industry
Authors: Harrison Steven , Gordon Pamela Ann
Published: February 2016

Employee turnover rates are higher in the retail grocery industry in comparison to other industries. This level of turnover produces demoralizing effects on the grocery industrys profitability. The lack of evidence-based information regarding causes of employee turnover may result in senior level leadership within the retail grocery industry formulating retention strategies based upon conjecture. Basing retention strategies on turnover misconceptions may be costly and actually fail to reduce turnover. For these reasons, this study sought to fill the knowledge gap by providing the grocery industry with evidence-based information on the topic of employee turnover. In an effort to provide a better understanding of the factors that support an engaged workforce, data from 151 frontline retail grocery employees gathered perceptions of their work environment, burnout, and turnover intentions. The participating employees represented one grocery chain in Western New York. The key finding was that value conflicts have a strong, statistically significant relationship with cynicism, which in turn increases the likelihood for employee turnover. Making use of this evidence-based information may help in creating strategies for a more engaged workforce and retaining the most valuable employees.
Marketing Control: Exogenous Aspects Of Price Variance
Authors: Mitchell Ted , Olsen Howard
Published: February 2016

Marketers should compare the relative impact of changing their price and the impact of a changing market price using variance analysis. In 1977 Hulbert and Toy improved the traditional analysis of variance by expanding the quantity variance to include the variance in market share and the variance in the size of the market. They successfully argued that if managers were to understand the impact that changes in quantity were having on the differences between the planned profits and actual profits they should measure the impact that changing market size and changing market share have on revenues and contribution margins. In this paper we present a method for expanding the price variance to include the variances in the market price and the firms choice of relative market price.
The Valuation Of Losses: Contrasting Views
Authors: Miller Green R.
Published: February 2016

Forensic economists often present to the courts an estimate of the value of amounts required to compensate for particular losses. Such estimates, dependent upon particular sets of unique circumstances, the timing of benefits and losses, and the replacement cost of the value of the specific losses sustained, vary over a wide range.Wide variations in these estimates, no matter the validity of the amounts projected, may prevent acceptance of any specific estimate by the judicial system. That is, the constraints imposed by the institutional structure of the judicial system may act to restrict the acceptability of properly estimated, economically justifiable estimates.Thus, if victims are "to be made whole" (a non-conflicting goal of both the courts and forensic economists) means to rectify institutional alienation must be developed and maintained. The Primary goal of this paper is to, at least in part, provide some insight into accomplishing this goal. In doing this, the following procedure is being followed: first, following an introduction an abbreviated description of the methods used by economists when making their estimates is provided; second, the legal-institutional criteria imposed by the legal system and used to determine the acceptability of any given estimate is outlined; and, third a means of forecasting the legal acceptability of any specific economic estimate is presented. The economist can then use that knowledge when preparing testimony, thus increasing the probability that the resulting decision will better meet the standards imposed by the judicial system, without violating economic norms.
A Study Of The Relationships Between Career Orientation, Achievement Motivation, Job Satisfaction, And Intention To Stay For Auditors: Using Big CPA Firms As An Example
Authors: Chang Ruey-Dang (Ray) , Wunn Kun-Ta , Tseng Yee-Chy
Published: February 2016

As the high turnover rate has long plagued the accounting firms, the study investigated the relationships between career orientation, achievement motivation, job satisfaction, and intention to stay for auditors in Taiwan accounting firms.  Variables were chosen due to their potential concerns to auditors’ intention to stay in the accounting firms.  A carefully validated instrument was used to obtain the data. The responses of 122 auditors, with at least one year of audit experience, were drawn from the five biggest accounting firms in Taiwan. LISREL was used to evaluate the empirical data with the hypothesized model and test the results. The results of the empirical test led us to two results: (1) auditors with higher degrees of achievement motivation have higher degrees of job satisfaction, and (2) auditors with higher degrees of job satisfaction have higher degrees of intention to stay.
Women In Information Technology: New Connections In The Internet-Based Enterprise
Authors: Caputo Donald J. , Kohun Frederick J.
Published: February 2016

This study first examines the factors that have resulted in the perceived inequality of opportunity for women in the Information Technology disciplines at the collegiate and corporate levels.  The corporate continuum is analyzed to determine what specific strategies, if any, are employed to capitalize on the resources of women in the Information Technology spectrum. Implied barriers to the acceptance, integration, development and advancement of women are brought into focus.  The article transitions to a review of collegiate innovations in the curriculum that attempt to find solutions that integrate and link corporate needs to university programs, both at the undergraduate and doctoral levels. Corporations ranging in size from small entrepreneurial entities to large multi-national firms, with various degrees of dependence on Internet technology, are surveyed in relation to their utilization of the female technology professional.  The qualities, strengths, and holistic skills of the gender in relation to the electronic business spectrum are documented.
The Effects Of Immigration: An Examination Of Relative Wages In California's Agriculture
Authors: Gritsch Martin
Published: February 2016

Economic theory suggests that certain native workers experience a decrease in their wage in response to an inflow of immigrants. However, a large number of empirical studies have failed to find substantial negative effects on the wages of natives due to immigration. In this paper, I identify three possible aggregation problems that may lead to such small estimates of the reduction in natives wages: First, immigrants from various countries with varying characteristics are often lumped together in the literature. There are substantial differences between immigrants from different source countries, however, e.g., in terms of education. Second, Metropolitan Statistical Areas may not exhibit much across-variation in immigrant shares so that the influence of immigrants on natives wages may not be distinguishable from other factors. Third, most previous work assumes that the effect on natives wages is the same regardless of the industry in which a native works. This may not be a plausible assumption to make given that immigrants are heavily concentrated in some industries. I address these issues in the following ways: First, I use a special immigrant definition to focus on a certain type of immigrant. I define an individual as an immigrant if that person entered the United States within the previous ten calendar years and if that person reports his or her ability to speak English as Not well or Not at all. Second, I examine the state of California, the state that has been the state with the highest levels of immigration in recent decades. Third, I focus on the agricultural sector within California, an industry that has one of the highest shares of immigrant workers of all industries. I examine whether modifying the research strategy typically employed in previous work by taking these three aggregation issues into consideration enables researchers to find substantial negative effects of immigration on the wages of natives. I study the impact of immigration on native agricultural workers in California by comparing their wages to the wages of native agricultural workers in a large region in the Northern part of the United States. In that comparison, regional differences in the cost of living must be accounted for. I achieve that by expressing agricultural workers wages relative to the wages of a reference group that is chosen for its small share of immigrants. In the comparison of relative wages, I find that low-skilled natives in Californias agriculture indeed do earn lower hourly wages than their counterparts in the North of the United States, thus reconciling empirical estimates with economic theory.
An Empirical Analysis Of The Service Quality In the Automobile Insurance: A Log-Linear Model
Authors: Kang Han B.
Published: February 2016

The study deals with the consumer satisfaction and the service quality of the private passenger automobile insurance that accounts for over 40 percent of the total premiums written in the US property and casualty insurance industry. It is designed to identify the characteristics that influence the service quality of automobile insurance. The independent variables of the model are identified and explained along with rationale and hypothesized signs. Complaint ratios are used as a proxy to measure the service quality of automobile insurers. The Illinois insurance market is characterized as easy regulation whereas in New Jersey the regulatory environment restricts competition. Therefore, the model includes a state dummy variable to find if a different degree of regulation can affect consumer satisfactions. The basic research question in the study is to know what types of firms are likely to produce more or less consumer complaints.
Building A New University: Translating Western Academic Tradition Into Balkan Culture
Authors: Wheat Jerry E. , Swartz Brenda
Published: February 2016

The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was in part caused by long standing ethnic strife in regions of the country. In 1991 Macedonia became one of the several new countries created from the former Yugoslav Republic. This raison detre for Macedonia becoming an independent state seems a bit vague. What is clear is that ethnic distrust between the countrys ethnic Albanian Muslim minority and the Macedonian Greek Orthodox majority became a focal point.
Tenure, Turnover, And Earnings Profiles In Germany And The United States
Authors: Couch Kenneth A.
Published: February 2016

Employment tenure, job turnover and returns to general and specific skills are examined for male workers in Germany and the United States using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.  Employment in Germany is characterized by longer duration and less frequent turnover than in the United States.  Returns to experience and tenure are lower in Germany than in the U.S.; however, peak earnings occur later.  This delayed peak in the employment-earnings profile provides an incentive for German workers to remain longer with their employers and change jobs less frequently.
The Impact Of Geographic Location, Industry Type, Number Of Employees And Years In Business On The Economic Success Of Minority Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Smith-Hunter Andrea E. , Engelhardt William , Brookins Gilbert
Published: February 2016

The topic of entrepreneurship is central in both scholarly and public policy discussions of minority businesses, yet few studies have examined the factors leading to economic success for minority women entrepreneurs. This paper partially addresses the oversight by analyzing Dun and Bradstreet data on businesses owned by Asian, Hispanic, Native American, Indian and Black women, focusing on the relationship between sales volume (the dependent variable) and number of employees, years in business, race and industry type (the independent variables).  The results from this paper add a new dimension to this line of research, building on previous studies that document the growing significance of entrepreneurship among minority women.  The results show that there is indeed an impact on sales volume by number of employees, years in business, race and industry type.
Real Option As The Tool For Valuation And Strategic Guidance For The Post-Industrial Organizations
Authors: Subedi Deepak Kumar
Published: February 2016

Post industrial organization puts premium on flexibility, and also on assets that confer flexibility. In the post-industrial business environment, uncertainty need to be understood and managed to reap the potential benefit. Flexibility in organization enables it to take benefit of such uncertainty. Flexibility can be increased by tangible assets; and also by intangible assets like knowledge, group work, routine and experience.  “Real options” confer value to flexibility. Besides valuation It also provides decision making guidance for managers involved in identification, acquisition and development of (both tangible and intangible) resources that post industrial organization require to make itself flexible.
Asymmetry In U.S. State Unemployment Rates
Authors: Jirasakuldech Benjamas , Snaith Sean
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the nature of asymmetry of U.S. state unemployment rates using the time reversibility test developed by Ramsey and Rothman (1996). These authors and others have found asymmetry in aggregate unemployment rates in this study we examine whether or not these results extend to state level unemployment series.  Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, and Puerto Rico, exhibit changes in unemployment rates that are symmetric.  California, Georgia, Kansas, and North Carolina, show evidence of asymmetry of the change in unemployment rates due to non-linearity in the model.  Unemployment rate asymmetry documented in other states is attributable to non-Gaussian errors.  Asymmetric patterns documented in most states are consistent with the fast-up and slow-down dynamics observed in aggregate unemployment data.
The Future Of Marketing
Authors: Man Mok Kim , Justine Jainurin
Published: February 2016

This paper aims to examine the future of marketing as it relates to one of the four categories of generalizations identified by Sheth and Sisodia (1999) in their paper, “Revisiting marketing’s lawlike generalizations.” The category to be discussed in depth will be location-centric concepts. As examples of application, case studies from a developing country, Malaysia will be featured and analysed. The paper is organised in the following structure. Firstly, the essay will provide a background of the development of location-centric marketing concepts, particularly in the area of marketing or distribution channels. Secondly, the essay will provide a background of the major force affecting location-centric marketing concepts, namely the Internet, particularly in the context of electronic commerce. Thirdly, the essay will examine the impact of the Internet on existing location-centric marketing concepts. In this section, the impact of electronic commerce on marketing or distribution channels will be the primary area to be discussed. Fourthly, the essay will present a couple of case studies of such an impact in a developing country, Malaysia. Finally, the essay will conclude with the lessons that can be learnt from the case studies. The conclusion will explore if new constructs with regards to marketing or distribution channels are created or old ones are altered due to the impact of electronic commerce.
The Moderating Effect Of Culture On Full Versus Partial Mode Of Communication On Managerial Decision-Making
Authors: Khoja Faiza , Nealy Chynette
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the effect of face-to-face versus electronic mode of communication on effective decision-making when moderated by the individualism and collectivism. Hypotheses that collectivists use face-to-face mode of communication and individualists use electronic mail mode of communication to make effective decisions were tested on managers from two countries (Mexico and United States).
Adjusting An Existing Forecasting Model When Some Future Demands Are Known In Advance: A Bayesian Technique
Authors: Abuizam Raida , Thomopoulos Nick T.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this research is to provide a model which can be used to adjust forecasts that are already available. It analyzes the components of the advanced demand, namely, the number of orders and their corresponding order size. It explores and analyzes the possibility of using the expected number of orders for a future period as the variable to be estimated. The Bayesian estimate of the expected number of orders is used in determining the adjusted forecast. A simulation is applied to calculate a ratio between the adjusting forecasting error and the original forecasting error. Results prove that the adjusted forecast provides greater accuracy for different probable values of getting an order in advance.
Entrepreneurs: Strategic Thinkers In Search Of Opportunities
Authors: Alsaaty Falih M.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explore a perspective concerning the creation of new business ventures, in which the emphasis is on entrepreneurs’ strategic thinking skills as well as their perceptions of market opportunities. The paper postulates that strategic thinking is typically the triggering mechanism for decisions to found new ventures. A host of factors constitute the ingredients for the strategic thinking process that lead to decisions.
Stewardship As A Factor In The Financial Performance Of Mutual Funds
Authors: Boyd David P. , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: February 2016

Morningstar has assigned a Stewardship grade to 1165 mutual funds.  This comprehensive construct can showcase funds that serve as stewards of investor capital and therefore warrant public trust.  This study suggests that such funds may also preserve and augment shareholder return.
The Early Organizational Management Theories: The Human Relations Movement & Business Ethical Practices Pioneered By Visionary Leader Mary Parker Follett
Authors: Kennedy Joseph W. , Heinzman Joseph , Mujtaba Bahaudin G.
Published: February 2016

In today’s business environment, managers make crucial decisions that affect the longevity of their organizations.  We propose that Mary Parker Follett’s theories enhance the perspective of ethical standards and promote an organization’s overall value.  The 21st century will require organizations to create overall value for all stakeholders; these constituent groups include employees, partnerships, national consumers, international consumers, domestic markets and global markets.  The ethics in creating value for the organization is based on the internal and external perception of value by all stakeholders.  The goal of this essay is to provide an understanding of the role of ethics in an organization.
Nonlinearity And The Forward Premium Anomaly
Authors: Xanthopoulos Apostolos
Published: February 2016

Speculative efficiency (the ability to profit without bearing commensurate risk in foreign exchange markets) is predicated on the forward premium anomaly. Market efficiency still manifests itself in the form of nonlinear adjustments, eroding excess profits. The returns on foreign exchange speculation may not behave in a market-efficient manner except at average values of interest-rate differentials. This study suggests that market efficiency holds as a result of a hedging relation between linear and nonlinear responses of returns.
The Economics Of Bidding In Project Management
Authors: Alli A. M. , May David L.
Published: February 2016

This article develops strategic decision tables to be used by management in bidding based on optimal duration costs. In addition, a process is proposed to find the optimal economic duration of the project using crashing techniques, the simplex method of linear programming, and game theory.  Standardized software packages for Decision Support Systems (DSS) are used in facilitating the calculations.
REIT Performance From Real Estate Mutual Fund Holdings
Authors: Price Russell M.
Published: February 2016

The performance of REITs may determine the level of holdings in real estate mutual funds. My study combines the process of asset composition of REITs with the REITs contribution in real estate mutual fund portfolios. There is a 2% to 3% increase in REIT holdings when the dividend yield increases by 1%. The relationship is strongest during the tech bubble period. This will give the investment advisor a look into management of real estate related assets in their respective portfolios.
Stock Repurchases: A Theoretical Prediction Model
Authors: Santicola Craig
Published: February 2016

There has been a shift in payout policy over the last 15 years with firms opting to conduct stock repurchases over paying dividends. As repurchases have grown so has the corresponding research. Of particular note are findings that identify factors contributing to a firms buyback decision and as well as those that support the existence of long-run return anomalies. While several notable researchers have reported the prevalence and persistence of stock repurchase anomalies, this paper examines the history of repurchase theory and presents a theoretical repurchase prediction model. Using variables shown in the literature to have influence on the decision to repurchase stock, a probit estimation model is developed as a means to identify firms likely to conduct repurchase programs.
Motives For Purchasing Artwork, Collectibles And Antiques
Authors: Zolfagharian Mohammad Ali , Cortes Angelica
Published: February 2016

Art is disaggregated into tangible and intangible offerings. Intangible art is one-time experiences of aesthetical and nostalgic products with no post-consumption exchange value. Tangible art preserves post-consumption exchange value. While psychographics of the consumers of intangible art are well-established, consumers of tangible art are under-researched. This research identifies and measures 16 different motives that underlie the purchase of artwork, collectibles and antiques. Heavy-consumers are found to score significantly higher than light-consumers on 8 of these motives: expected price fairness (economic); social acceptability and group identification (normative); aesthetics, pleasure and immersion (hedonic); culture (intellectual); and harmony. Findings are discussed and implications and limitations are also included.
Applying Six Sigma To Achieve Enterprise Sustainability: Preparations And Aftermath Of Six Sigma Projects
Authors: AlSagheer Abdullah
Published: February 2016

Sustainability is not a method or a tool; it is the state of a company in which the efficiency of resources is maximized, customers are satisfied to a great extent, an improved condition is long-lasting, success is maintained and competitive advantage is sustained. Literature review carried out in this research depicts that researchers have extensively worked on identifying and documenting the enablers, challenges, risks, projects, corporate commitments and strategic integration of Six Sigma with other frameworks. But at the same time, the literature establishes that Six Sigma is neither completely welcomed by companies nor the methodology has proven its worth for most of the corporations .The latter argument suggests the need for identification of gaps between the capabilities of Six Sigma methodology and the actual situation in the enterprise world. The theme of this paper is to explore the capabilities of Six Sigma that can enable companies to achieve the state of sustainability to a great extent. Three dimensions of Six Sigma are identified that includes strategic, tactical and operational dimensions. A Process Research and Development model (PRAND) is presented at the end of paper with guidelines for future research.
NAV And Risk: The Case Of REITs
Authors: Brent William , Kelly Lynne , Lindsey Debby , Price Russell M.
Published: February 2016

A study is done on Net Asset Value (NAV) of equity REITs from 1993 to 2006. The value (growth) determination of REITs is investigated based on NAV per share as opposed to book value per share since the underlying value of the REITs assets (NAV) drives the trading decision. The NAV to Market ratio (NM) is evaluated as a risk measure when used in a Fama-French and Carhart model setting. We find this measure contributes only 0.10% to the REIT risk premium.
ANALISIS PERMASALAHAN OPTIMALISASI VOICE CDMA 2000 1X UNTUK MENGURANGI KEGAGALAN KONEKSI STUDI KASUS DIVISI TELKOM FLEXI SEMARANG
Authors: Hikmaturokhman Alfin , Wahyudi Eka , Pangestika Septy Widya
Published: February 2016

Berkembang pesatnya jumlah penyedia layanan pada jaringan Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), membuat operator penyedia layanan untuk semakin memperkokoh jaringan dan mengoptimalkan layanan serta kualitas yang akan diberikan. Agar dapat melayani pelanggan dengan baik maka dibutuhkan jaringan yang mempunyai kinerja baik. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan optimalisasi pada jaringan, sehingga dapat mengurangi drop call dan resource blocking serta meningkatkan success call. Optimalisasi jaringan dilakukan berdasarkan analisis data hasil pengukuran drive test, adapun data yang dianalisis meliputi Call Setup Success Rate, Drop call Rate, Resource Blocking, Rx Power, Tx Power, Ec/Io, Forward FER dan Call Setup Time. Pada pengukuran yang telah dilakukan untuk nilai rata-rata yang sesuai dengan Key Performance Indicator (KPI) didapat Call Setup Success Rate (> 99%), Drop call Rate (< 2%), Resource Blocking (< 2%), Rx Power (-91.7 dBm), Tx Power (11.4 dBm), Ec/Io (-21.38 dB), Forward FER (4.8%), dan Call Setup Time (4.832 detik). Hasil ini menunjukkan kinerja jaringan Flexi untuk daerah Jepara #2 masih kurang maksimal, karena untuk parameter Rx Power, Tx Power, Forward FER, dan Ec/Io tidak sesuai dengan KPI. Sehingga dilakukan optimalisasi agar kualitas jaringan semakin baik. Untuk hasil pengukuran setelah dilakukan optimalisasi didapat dengan rata-rata untuk Call Setup Success Rate (> 99%), Drop call Rate (< 1%), Resource Blocking (< 1%), Rx Power (-99.9 dBm), Tx Power (-27.8 dBm), Ec/Io (-5.45 dB), Forward FER (2.45%), dan Call Setup Time (4.902 detik).

 

Kata Kunci : CDMA 2000 1X, Call Setup Success Rate, Drop call Rate, Resource Blocking, Rx Power, Tx Power
SISTEM KOMPUTERISASI PENGOLAHAN BUKU INDUK PEGAWAI PADA UPT DINAS PENDIDIKAN PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA KECAMATAN BANJARMANGU BERBASIS PHP DAN MYSQL
Authors: Usada Elisa , Susanto Irwan , Kurniasih Meliana Fera
Published: February 2016

Permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana membuat sistem pengolahan buku induk pegawai di UPT Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga Kecamatan Banjarmangu berbasis PHP dan MySQL. Sistem pengolahan buku induk pegawai  berbasis PHP dan MySQL ini dirancang komputerisasi menggunakan PHP dan database MySQL dengan tujuan agar pengolahan data pegawai di UPT Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga Kecamatan Banjarmangu dapat terpusat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode waterfall. Sistem pengolahan buku induk pegawai ini menggunakan jaringan client server dan dapat diakses oleh administrator dan Kepala UPT dan Pegawai. Kelebihan dari sistem pengolahan ini adalah dilindungi password dan hak akses yang berbeda untuk setiap user sehingga keamanan data dapat terjamin, sedangkan kekurangannya adalah program yang dihasilkan belum maksimal karena mengkhususkan data pegawai pada buku induk saja. Saran dari sistem pengolahan ini yaitu pengembangan dari segi keamanan data, kelengkapan data, dan ketelitian sistem dalam input data untuk mengurangi kesalahan.

 

Kata kunci : SIM Buku Induk Pegawai,  PHP, MySQL
Undang-Undang sebagai Sarana Pembaharuan bagi Masyarakat (Telaah Sosiologis Keberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa)
Authors: Suryawan I Gusti Bagus
Published: February 2016

Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa menegaskan, setiap desa di seluruh Indonesia mendapat alokasi dana dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara. Dana tersebut digunakan untuk pembangunan yang berbasis desa. Total dana yang dialokasikan tersebut mencapai 10% dari dana perimbangan yang diterima Kabupaten/ Kota dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah setelah dikurangi Dana Alokasi Khusus. Secara teoritis penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Undang- Undang Desa sebagai sarana pembaharuan masyarakat. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja melihat perubahan sikap terhadap perundang-undangan yang menampakkan keseimbangan antara keinginan untuk mengadakan pembaharuan hukum melalui perundang-undangan dan kesadaran diperhatikannya pula nilai-nilai dan kenyataan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Undang-Undang Desa menjadi landasan dan bagian dari pembaharuan pola pikir, pola tindak masyarakat desa. Undang-Undang Desa seyogianya juga merupakan instrumen untuk membangun kehidupan baru desa yang mandiri, demokratis, dan sejahtera.
Korelasi Putusan Hakim Tingkat Pertama, Tingkat Banding, dan Tingkat Kasasi (Suatu Studi Tentang Aliran Pemikiran Hukum)
Authors: Bola Mustafa , Librayanto Romi , Arisaputra Muhammad Ilham
Published: February 2016

Hakim dalam mengambil putusan dibebankan kewajiban oleh undang-undang untuk memuat pasal tertentu dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersangkutan sebagai dasar untuk mengadili. Paradigma hukum yang berkembang menunjukkan adanya harapan agar pengadilan, khususnya hakim, tidak hanya mampu memberikan keadilan prosedural semata berdasarkan teks perundang-undangan, akan tetapi lebih utama adalah keadilan substantif. Keadilan substantif bukan berarti hakim harus selalu mengabaikan bunyi undang-undang, melainkan dengan keadilan substantif berarti hakim bisa mengabaikan undang-undang yang tidak memberi rasa keadilan, tetapi tetap berpedoman pada formal undang-undang yang sudah memberi rasa keadilan sekaligus menjamin kepastian hukum. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penerapan paradigma hukum bagi hakim dalam memutus perkara adalah faktor pendidikan hakim, lingkungan peradilan (spirit of the corp), pengawasan eksternal, dan integritas hakim.
ASEAN Single Market: Revisiting Rules and Strategies on the Enforcement of Free Flow of Goods in ASEAN
Authors: Anwar Riyad Febrian
Published: February 2016

Whether we are ready or not, people in Indonesia and the rest of Southeastern Asia will soon welcome the ASEAN Economic Communities (AEC) by the end 2015. Therefore, there are needs to evaluate the progress in ASEAN rules and strategies thus far. By employing normative study, this paper finds and further recommends the following: Firstly, ASEAN almost reached its peak points in eliminating the tariff barriers, yet to come are the elimination on ‘sensitive’ and ‘highly sensitive list’ tariffs on imported agriculture commodities; Secondly, Non-Tariff Barriers (NTB) remain to be one of the major problems in intra-ASEAN trades; Thirdly, Member States reluctances to invoke the ASEAN dispute settlement mechanism for their trading disputes may potentially hinder the effectiveness of AEC in the future; and Finally, the protection of intellectual property remains low in the region as the ASEAN Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Action plan 2011-2015 is still deemed ineffective to reforms the IP regulations within Member States.
Strengthening Pela-Gandong Alliance Based on John Rawls’ Theory of Justice
Authors: Titahelu Juanrico A.S. , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Awaludin Hamid , Ashri Muhammad
Published: February 2016

Pela-Gandong could be seen as an alliance among two or more villages in Central Maluku territory. Pela-Gandong, besides as brotherhood and friendship among them,this alliance also shared common purpose of cooperation and collective security. Conflict in the beginning of 1999 draws up public attention to the effectiveness of the principles which contains in pela-gandong alliance. Important question come forward because of the plurality condition among current Indonesian society. Should pela-gandong principles nowadays, still playing role to develope social, economy and cultural life of Maluku traditional society? The purpose of this writings is to find out the weaknesses of pela-gandong alliance(s). Based on this, it should offers some suggestion how to strengthening the principles of pela-gandong alliance into the state and the social life in Indonesia.