bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive approach for the assessment of HMA compactability using GPR technique
Authors: Plati Christina , Georgiou Panos , Loizos Andreas
Published: September 2019

With the focus on quality assurance practices during pavement construction, the present research aims at investigating the compactability of hot mix asphalt using the ground‐penetrating radar technique. Thus, density as an indicator of the compactability of hot mix asphalt is predicted using three different electromagnetic‐mixing‐theory‐based density models (namely, the complex refractive index model, Rayleigh model, and Al‐Qadi, Lahouar and Leng model), and the prediction performance is also investigated. The investigations are based on experimental data acquired, both in the laboratory and field, from new full‐scale asphalt pavement sections with varying asphalt mixture compositions. The laboratory experiment, which involved the compaction of asphalt mixtures using the steel‐segmented roller compactor, indicated that compaction mode affects the compactability of hot mix asphalt, whereas the analysis of field ground‐penetrating radar experimental data revealed that the estimated electric permittivity during the compaction process could be considered a measure of the asphalt mix field compactability. The prediction performance of the three density models was evaluated using different methodological approaches with respect to the backcalculation of of the mix aggregates. The results indicated that, by utilizing the ground‐penetrating radar field measured for the assessment of the predicted Gmb values from the implementation of the above density models closely approach the ground‐truth field‐core bulk densities. Comparative evaluation of the three density models showed that the Al‐Qadi, Lahouar, and Leng model exhibits the best prediction performance, which is comparable to nuclear/non‐nuclear methods. In light of this, it could be argued that the ground‐penetrating radar methodology coupled with novel algorithms can be an effective and efficient tool to improve the asphalt mix compaction process and assessment of in situ density.
Ambiguities in geophysical interpretation during fracture detection—case study from a limestone quarry (Lower Silesia Region, Poland)
Authors: Golebiowski Tomislaw , Porzucek Slawomir , Pasierb Bernadetta
Published: September 2019

Geophysical studies were conducted over a shallow mining excavation near a sinkhole that was created by partial collapse of the excavation. The main aim of this study was to detect the fractured zones induced by mining activity and so threatening the stability of the surface. To this end, geophysical surveys using microgravimetry, georadar, and electrical resistivity tomography techniques were carried out. However, although the results of these measurements were clear, yet the distribution of the fractured zones in the rock mass remained unclear. In this paper, the results of each individual geophysical technique used to detect the fractured zones and the ambiguities in the interpretation are presented. In order to properly analyse the data, a more complex interpretation were carried out using numerical modelling. Georadar and electrical resistivity tomography data provided the basis for gravity modelling, the results of which enabled confirmation of the presence of fractured zones. This had not been directly possible from the measured microgravimetric curve.
Reverse time migration: introducing a new imaging technique for ultrasonic measurements in civil engineering
Authors: Grohmann Maria , Müller Sabine , Niederleithinger Ernst , Sieber Sarah
Published: September 2019

Ultrasonic echo testing is widely used in non‐destructive testing in civil engineering to investigate concrete structures, to measure thickness, and to locate and characterise built‐in components or inhomogeneities. Currently, synthetic aperture focusing techniques are mostly used for imaging. These algorithms are highly developed but have some limitations. For example, it is not possible to image the lower boundary of built‐in components like tendon ducts or vertical reflectors. We adopted reverse time migration for non‐destructive testing in civil engineering in order to improve the imaging of complicated structures in concrete. By using the entire wavefield, including waves reflected more than once, there are fewer limitations compared to synthetic aperture focusing technique algorithms. As a drawback, the required computation is significantly higher than that for the techniques currently used.

Simulations for polyamide and concrete structures showed the potential for non‐destructive testing. The simulations were followed by experiments at a polyamide specimen. Here, having acquired almost noise‐free measurement data to test the algorithm, we were able to determine the shape and size of boreholes with sufficient accuracy. After these successful tests, we performed experiments at a reinforced concrete foundation slab. We obtained information from the data by reverse time migration, which was not accessible by traditional imaging. The imaging of the location and structure of the lower boundary of the concrete foundation slab was improved. Furthermore, vertical reflectors inside the slab were imaged clearly, and more flaws were found. It has been shown that reverse time migration is a step forward in ultrasonic testing in civil engineering.
A multi‐disciplinary characterisation of Heath Steele belt deposits, Bathurst Mining Camp: a basis for identifying new targets for the exploration
Authors: Biondo Ribeiro Vanessa , Maria Mantovani Marta Silvia
Published: September 2019

Although the Bathurst Mining Camp has been explored for more than 40 years, high‐resolution airborne geophysical survey has led to the detection of several new volcanogenic massive sulphide occurrences in the region. The discovery of these concealed exploration targets depended directly on the knowledge of the multi‐parameter signature of the major deposits and the search for the repeatability of these signatures in other regions. The Heath Steele B deposit, within the southern part of the Bathurst Mining Camp, together with an associated magnetite‐rich iron formation and adjacent tuffaceous sedimentary rocks, produced strong, co‐extensive magnetic and conductivity anomalies. However, the strong anomalies observed in the geophysical data can be related to non‐mineralised lithology such as mafic dykes or graphite. So a direct identification of exploration targets using geophysical data only can be difficult. For this reason, the joint interpretation of geophysical and geochemical signature can considerably improve the identification of new deposits. Using these techniques, we identify three new possible targets, characterised by local magnetic and apparent conductive highs. Two of these areas are located in the Heath Steele belt, and their geochemistry has been studied in detail. The proximity of these targets (less than 1.5 km) from known occurrences of hydrothermal sediments (magnetite, siderite, and stilpnomelane) confirms their exploration potential. The fourth identified area is most likely associated with a regional anomaly related to an unmapped ferromagnetic structure and was earlier disregarded as a possible target. The joint interpretation of geophysical and geochemical data allowed us to identify two new targets for exploration and to exclude one area interpreted as associated with a regional anomaly. Therefore, the search parameters (physical proprieties and hydrothermal sediment geochemical pattern distribution) are established with a success index of 75%. The index was limited by the absence of geochemistry data over the third target. The procedure presented in this paper can be used to search for new targets elsewhere in the Bathurst area and even in other base metal regions.
Inversion of borehole magnetic data for prospecting deep‐buried minerals in areas with near‐surface magnetic distortions: a case study from the Daye iron‐ore deposit in Hubei, central China
Authors: Liu Shuang , Hu Xiangyun , Cai Jianchao , Li Jianhui , Shan Chunling , Wei Wei , Han Qi , Liu Yajun
Published: September 2019

Significant near‐surface magnetic distortions and weakly magnetic responses complicate the interpretation of surface magnetic data and compound difficulties associated with the prospecting of deep‐buried orebodies in old mines, such as the Daye iron‐ore deposit. To address this problem, we used three‐component borehole magnetic measurements from multiple drillholes to evaluate a magnetisation inversion approach that incorporates these data to obtain magnetisation intensity distributions. The magnetisation direction was estimated from rock and ore sample magnetic property measurements. Linear optimisation problem equations were solved using the pre‐conditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. Tests on two‐dimensional synthetic data returned favourable results. In the case study of the Daye iron‐ore deposit, several concealed magnetite orebodies were discovered using three‐component borehole magnetic measurements. Two‐dimensional magnetisation inversion for borehole magnetic data indicated that magnetic sources were located at the contact zones between the diorite and marble rocks, as verified by other drillings. A three‐component borehole magnetic survey shows advantages of moving away from shallow interferences and containing important additional information compared with a surface total field and provides a feasible approach to explore deep‐buried and concealed minerals in areas with strong near‐surface distortions.
Advanced processing for UHR3D shallow marine seismic surveys
Authors: Duarte Henrique , Wardell Nigel , Monrigal Olivier
Published: September 2019

Traditionally, commercial ultra‐high‐resolution 3D multichannel seismic surveys have used sources with relatively low‐frequency content (up to 600 Hz) with corresponding relatively low resolution. The new generation of multi‐tip sparkers, however, utilising negative discharge technology, is able to produce repeatable high‐frequency signals (above 2.5 kHz) with the potential to image hundreds of metres of the shallow stratigraphy at < 50 cm vertical resolution. These sources would be especially suited to ultra‐high‐resolution 3D studies such as the foundations of wind turbines installations for offshore wind farms.

However, simple downsizing of conventional processing sequences, designed for sources of significantly lower frequency content, is not enough. To preserve the signal properties of the sparker source and produce accurately positioned seismic images, new strategies are needed. The implementation of processing solutions that accurately determine source and receiver depths for all shots is also paramount to correctly reduce the data to the desired vertical datum.

A basic methodology for deriving geometry and shot corrections for wave motion and tides from the 3D data themselves has already been demonstrated. With Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) navigation available on both source and streamers and the correct integration of the seismic recording and positioning systems, this concept has been further developed and refined to be more precise. Being able to derive components of the streamer position and depth is of great importance for effective broadband processing from the slanting streamers that are deployed in acquisition. New procedures and processing techniques have been developed, and their efficacy is demonstrated on case studies of recently acquired 2D and 3D multichannel data.
Substrate‐sensitive relationships of dielectric permittivity and water content: implications for moisture sounding
Authors: Owenier Frank , Hornung Jens , Hinderer Matthias
Published: September 2019

Dielectric permittivity is a fundamental parameter for all investigations based on electromagnetic waves, particularly for moisture sounding. However, the physical principles of dielectric permittivity in natural materials and its influence on propagation velocity, the reflection coefficient, and the decay of the electromagnetic waves have been rarely addressed for variable substrate compositions or frequencies. Hence, this paper aims to fill this gap by systematically investigating quantitative relationships between dielectric permittivity and soil water content for a continuum of the three most common soil components in moderately temperate humid latitudes (i.e., illite, carbonate, and quartz‐rich sand). We carried out frequency‐dependent permittivity measurements for a large variety of artificial and natural substrates with an impedance analyser at frequencies ranging from 10 MHz to 1 GHz. Based on these measurements, we selected 200 MHz as the most commonly used frequency value for geological, ground‐penetrating radar applications and developed a set of empirical equations from third‐degree and ternary factorial diagrams to quantify the relationship between dielectric permittivity and volumetric moisture content of pure sand, clay, carbonate, and mixtures. The results show systematic trends, which can be explained by competing electrophysical properties of minerals and their wetting behaviour. This investigation shows that different wetting affinities of 1:1 and 2:1 clay minerals strongly control permittivity. Thresholds and non‐linearity effects were identified, where specific mineral properties and/or wetting processes became dominant in complex mixtures of soil materials. Bulk densities and porosities, respectively, were shown to have only minor influence compared with the impact of water. Consequently, the presented method is applicable to both undisturbed and disordered samples and, hence, to mobile devices or permanent installations in the field after compositional laboratory or onsite analyses. The permittivity of natural soils was measured in two field studies. The results show a good correlation between calculated and measured moisture contents. Our study confirms that the widely used Topp equation is only valid for sandy soil materials, i.e., the soil types it was originally designed for. For soils with a clay content >30% and/or a moisture level >20%, the new equations reduce the error in the level of permittivity measurements from up to 20% (using the Topp equation) to 5%.
An analytical membrane‐polarization model to predict the complex conductivity signature of immiscible liquid hydrocarbon contaminants
Authors: Bücker Matthias , Flores Orozco Adrián , Hördt Andreas , Kemna Andreas
Published: September 2019

An analytical membrane‐polarization model is developed to predict the frequency‐dependent complex conductivity of hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediments. In the absence of hydrocarbon contaminants, the effect of membrane polarization can be approximated using a recently developed analytical model, which describes the pore space as a sequence of two cylindrical pores of different lengths and radii. Different cation and anion concentrations in the electrical double layer at the pore wall lead to an ion‐selective behaviour causing the membrane‐polarization effect. This model can readily be adjusted to account for a wetting liquid hydrocarbon covering the pore wall. To model the effect of non‐wetting hydrocarbon, we extend the analytical model by introducing a second cylindrical body into the cylindrical pores that represents a discrete droplet of the contaminant phase. In order to account for the high electrical resistivity of liquid hydrocarbons, the corresponding volumes are assumed to be electrically insulating. Because most liquid hydrocarbon surfaces are negatively charged when in contact with an electrolyte, they are covered by a second electrical double layer, which can easily be incorporated into the analytical model. We use our extended model to study the effect of varying saturations of wetting and non‐wetting hydrocarbon on the complex electrical conductivity of the pore system. Our results predict that conductivity magnitude and conductivity phase generally decrease with hydrocarbon saturation. However, if the surface potential at the surface of non‐wetting hydrocarbon droplets is larger than the one at the pore wall, we can observe an increase in the conductivity magnitude with the hydrocarbon saturation and a slight increase in the conductivity phase at intermediate hydrocarbon concentrations. This finding is particularly interesting as it offers a possible explanation for the relation between complex conductivity and hydrocarbon saturation observed in different field and laboratory experiments.
Pratique du terrain et expérience des textes : une perspective africaine
Authors: Garnier Xavier
Published: September 2019

L’approche anthropologique des textes est-elle un moyen d’en faire advenir leur poéticité ? Telle est la question à laquelle j’essaie de répondre. Parce qu’elle sont à la croisée de l’anthropologie et de la littérature, les notions de « terrain » et d’« expérience » me semblent très utiles pour envisager l’approche des textes dits littéraires dans la perspective d’une poétique véritablement décentrée, ou décolonisée.
Déchets, mauvaises herbes et plantes sauvages
Authors: Paddeu Flaminia
Published: September 2019

Cet article propose de définir la portée et le programme liminaire d’une géographie critique du glanage alimentaire urbain. Pour cela, nous effectuons une revue de littérature pluridisciplinaire portant sur le glanage d’espèces comestibles sauvages ou cultivées ainsi que de déchets alimentaires, dans le but de développer une analyse théorique du glanage alimentaire dans les villes contemporaines des Nords. Faisant appel à trois corpus de la géographique critique, à savoir les études sur l’informalité urbaine, les études radicales sur l’alimentation, l’économie et l’écologie politiques urbaines, nous soutenons l’idée que l’étude du glanage alimentaire urbain permet d’analyser des formes structurelles de pouvoir, d’exclusion, d’injustice et d’inégalité ainsi que les alternatives dans les espaces du capitalisme.
La pédagogie universitaire en Belgique francophone : un processus qui s’inscrit dans la durée
Authors: Lebrun Marcel , De Ketele Jean-Marie
Published: September 2019

Comme dans d’autres pays, le développement de la pédagogie universitaire en Belgique francophone s’inscrit dans un temps long et passe par diverses phases, dont le décollage et la durée varient d’une d’université à l’autre. Dans un premier temps, l’article décrit de manière historique, depuis les années 1970 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, l’évolution de la pédagogie universitaire à l’Université catholique de Louvain. Ensuite, quelques points essentiels de ce développement sont détaillés, en particulier la prise en compte par l’institution et le dossier de valorisation pédagogique, en élargissant l’analyse à d’autres institutions et à différents réseaux.
La réforme de la pédagogie universitaire au Danemark : le cas de l’apprentissage par problèmes
Authors: Dahl Bettina , Egelund Holgaard Jette
Published: September 2019

Depuis sa création, l’université d’Alborg au Danemark met en pratique l’apprentissage par projets et par problèmes (APP ou « problem based learning »). Si le modèle APP a évolué au fil du temps, tous les programmes de l’université sont fondés sur les principes partagés de l’APP, selon lesquels l’étudiant travaille sur un problème fondé sur des projets faisant appel à la théorie pour résoudre ou expliquer un problème authentique, et contextualiser ainsi le savoir disciplinaire. L’université met fortement l’accent sur la formation en APP des étudiants comme des professeurs, ainsi que sur un fort axe de recherche en matière d’APP. Il s’agit d’une approche systémique qui met en valeur un apprentissage actif, collaboratif et centré sur l’étudiant.
TB-mBJ Calculations of Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of the Rhombohedral Phase of Bismuth Sodium Titanate (Bi0.5 Na0.5)TiO3
Authors: Chatta Wahiba , Lagoun Brahim , Lidjici Hamza , Chadli Abdelhakim , Cheriet Abderrahmane , Farh Hichem , Khemakhem Hamadi , Salah Khenchoul
Published: September 2019

In the present work, we report an ab initio investigation of the structural, electronic and linear optical properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (NBT) in its rhombohedral phase, using a Full Potential Augmented Plane Waves (FP-LAPW) method in the frame work of Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the TB-mBJ potential for a better description of the electronic properties. Firstly a Full structure optimization was performed with a relaxation of atomics positions to minimize the Hellmann-Feynman forces exerted over the atoms. The calculated lattice parameters of the rhombohedral phase of NBT are in very good agreement with experimental values with a deviation of 0.9%. The electronic density of states are presented and commented. The calculated band structure shows that our compound has an indirect band gap of 3.30eV. Furthermore, the optical properties were presented, compared with experimental ones present in the literature and commented.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of AISI 430 FSS Welds Produced with Different Elemental Metal Powder Addition
Authors: Bensaid Nabil , Hadji Mohamed , Badji Riad , Benlamnouar Mohamed Farid , Saadi Taher , dit Laksir Yazid Laib , Senouci Sabah
Published: September 2019

In this study the effect of the Titanium and aluminum powder addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel welds produced by gas tungsten arc welding was investigated. It’s observed that the addition of aluminium (Al) or titanium (Ti) reducing the grains size, increase the equiaxed grains fraction and improve the mechanical properties with varying degrees. While the addition of mixture (Al+Ti) leads to better improving in mechanical properties and reducing of grains size up to 85 %. The details of tensile tests, optical microscopic observations, microhardness, tensile test and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography, are discussed.
Prediction of the Ultimate Tensile Strength in API X70 Line Pipe Steel Using an Artificial Neural Network Model
Authors: Saoudi Adel , Lerari Djahida , Khamouli Farida , Atoui L'Hadi , Bachari Khaldoun
Published: September 2019

An artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed for the analysis and simulation of the correlation between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel X70. The input parameters of the model consist of the base metal chemical composition (C, Si, Mn, the sum of Cr+Cu+Ni+Mo, the sum of Nb+Ti+V, carbon equivalent CEpcm) and the yield strength (YS). The outputs of the ANN model include the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the test material. Scatter plots, correlation coefficient (R) and mean relative error (MRE) were used to assess the performance of the developed neural network. Interestingly, the model output is efficient to calculate the mechanical properties of high strength low alloy steels, especially the ultimate tensile strength as a function of chemical composition and yield strength of the used material. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental ones, with high correlation coefficient and low mean relative error. The predictions accuracy of the developed model also conforms to the results of mean paired T-test.
Anisotropic Behavior of Different Three-Dimensional Structures Materials under Thermal Stress Effect
Authors: Bouzid Sihem , Hebbir Nacer , Harnane Yamina
Published: September 2019

This work concerns the numerical modeling of stationary conduction heat transfer in a 3D three-dimensional anisotropic material subjected to an internal heat source, based on the finite element method MEF and using the Galerkin method. The field of study is a cube representing the seven crystalline systems subjected to an internal heat source and convective boundaries. The obtained equation system is solved by the LU method. The automatic mesh is managed for all the domain nodes via the program which we have written in FORTRAN language. This program allowed temperature field calculation and was applied for different crystalline systems: monoclinic, triclinic, orthorhombic, trigonal, cubic that are identified by their thermal conductivity tensors [kij]. The obtained temperature profiles obtained are in accordance with heat transfer theory and clearly illustrate the crystalline structure symmetry; this calculation permits to predict the possible thermal deformations in an anisotropic solid.
Braking with a Trailer and Mountain Pass Descent
Authors: Antanaitis David B. , Lowe Brent
Published: September 2019

A truly strange - but very interesting - juxtaposition of thought occurs when considering customer’s deceleration needs for towing heavy trailers in mountainous regions, and the seemingly very different area of sizing brakes for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and other regenerative braking-intensive vehicle applications, versus brakes for heavy-duty trucks and other vehicles rated to tow heavy trailers. The common threads between these two very different categories of vehicles include (a) heavy dependence on the powertrain and other non-brake sources of energy loss to control the speed of the vehicle on the grade and ensure adequate capacity of the brake system, (b) a need to consider descent conditions where towing a heavy trailer is feasible (in the case of heavy trailer towing) or initiating a descent with a full state of charge is realistic (in the case of BEVs), which forces consideration of different descents versus the typical (for brake engineers) mountain peak descent. In this paper, a vehicle operator-based requirement is derived that integrates engine (or motor), transmission (or gearbox), driveline, brake system, brake cooling, trailer brakes, and for BEVs, battery and regenerative brake capacity, and influences these parameters to enable combination vehicles (tow vehicle plus trailer) of any propulsion type to meet customer expectations for deceleration performance. Case studies are used throughout to illustrate the methodology, and physical (vehicle and chassis dyno) tests are shown to validate it. Additionally, industry standards (such as SAE J2807) that affect straight-line braking of combination vehicles are reviewed for what they really mean to the tow vehicle design. Enhancements to these standards are proposed, and when merged with the mountain pass descent case, form a comprehensive means of specifying brake systems and influencing supporting systems to ensure brake performance for a diverse range of vehicles.
Predgovor
Authors: Antić Gaber Milica , Germ Tine
Published: September 2019

Pred vami je nova revija Ars & Humanitas – revija za umetnost in humanistiko, področji, ki ju v sodobni družbi pogosto ločuje absurdna potreba po natančnem zamejevanju medsebojnih razmerij, pristojnosti in vsebin, raziskovalnih pristopov in metodologij dela. Ars & Humanitas želi preseči to razločenost. Ars v humanistični tradiciji razumemo kot umetnost, a tudi kot veščino, znanje, znanost. Humanitas kot humanistiko, vsestransko izobrazbo, omiko in plemenitost duha. Eno brez drugega v resnici ne more obstajati.
Razdrobljenost intelektualnih horizontov pa je žal še veliko večja. Tudi znotraj same humanistike postaja drobljenje znanstvenega in raziskovalnega prostora na ozko specializirane stroke resna zavora v razvoju humanističnih ved. Ob vse večjem številu specializiranih, v pristopu teoretsko in diskurzivno strogo zamejenih znanstvenih publikacij, njihovih tvorcev in bralcev, je potrebno ponuditi več prostora za nove, interdisciplinarno zasnovane znanstvene revije. Ars & Humanitas hoče biti prav to – spodbuditi želi povezovanje družboslovnih in humanističnih strok, okrepiti dialog med različnimi teoretskimi orientacijami, odpirati izvirne pristope k obravnavi tem, opozarjati na aktualne vidike interferenc in skrbeti za promocijo humanistike tako v strokovnih krogih kot v širši javnosti.

Zasnova revije je tridelna: v nosilnem tematskem bloku (študije) bodo objavljene študije domačih in tujih strokovnjakov, ki bodo odražale različne pristope k izbrani temi, medtem ko bo odprti blok (varia) namenjen prispevkom, ki so v določenem trenutku posebej aktualni ali ponujajo svež pogled na obravnavano temo. Tretji del bo namenjen recenzijam najnovejših in najaktualnejših znanstvenih publikacij s širšega humanistično družboslovnega področja.

Posebno pozornost bo revija namenjala nacionalni in regionalni specifiki humanistike in družboslovja znotraj Evropske unije, pa tudi promociji nacionalnih kultur in umetnosti. Skladno s tem je eno od pomembnih poslanstev revije Ars & Humanitas krepitev zavesti o pomenu jezika v razvoju humanistike, saj jezik v humanističnih znanostih presega vlogo orodja sporočanja in je neločljivo povezan s samim razvojem humanističnih znanosti. Revija je zasnovana na večjezičnosti, posebno skrb pa bo posvečala slovenski humanistiki in razvoju strokovne terminologije v slovenskem jeziku.

V trenutku, ko globalizacija nezadržno spodjeda same temelje kulturne in intelektualne različnosti, ko sodobni razvojni trendi sleherno dejavnost vse pogosteje merijo z enotnim vatlom produktivnosti, ko nam celo nekateri uradni zastopniki znanosti poskušajo na različne načine vcepiti prepričanje, da humanistika postaja odveč in neuporabna, je vsak korak v nasprotno smer vreden pozornosti in spodbude. Ustanovitev nove revije za umetnost in humanistiko je nedvomno tak korak.
Pomen konfucijanske misli za ohranjanje človečnosti in razumnosti v sodobnem svetu
Authors: Ule Andrej
Published: September 2019

Govorim o možnosti sinteze človečnosti in racionalnosti v sodobnem svetu ter se sprašujem, ali in kako nam pri tem prizadevanju lahko pomaga kitajska filozofska misel, zlasti konfucijanska tradicija. V kitajski filozofski tradiciji je racionalnost grobo vzeto razumljena kot sposobnost človeške »srčne zavesti« (xin) za modro razmišljanje, pametno razpravljanje in ravnanje, ki je v skladu z najvišjimi vrlinami plemenitega človeka. To je bolj podobno konceptu celostne razumnosti kot pa racionalnosti v zahodni filozofski tradiciji. Razumnost v kontekstu kitajske kulture, zlasti konfucijanstva, je močno vezana na specifične oblike argumentacije, predvsem na sklepanje po analogiji ter uporabo metafor in vzorčnih modelov vedenja, ki jih ni mogoče stlačiti v okvire logične (deduktivne ali induktivne) argumentacije. Ob naslonitvi na Mencijevo metodo »ekstenzije« vrojenih, potencialnih človeških vrlin (človečnosti, pravičnosti, dostojnosti in modrosti) od njihovih paradigmatskih primerov na podobne primere v vsakdanjem življenju lahko bolje razumemo gojenje in izvajanje razumnosti kot sinteze racionalnosti in človečnosti. Pri tem ne vidim nobenega notranjega nasprotja med samointeresi posameznika in njegovo moralnostjo. Dejansko moralnost in dejansko razumnost vidim prav v notranji povezanosti stremljenj posameznika po samouresničenju in moralične usmeritve posameznika.
Razumeti »novi konfucianizem«: ponovno odkrivanje konfucianizma in prihodnost Kitajske
Authors: Bueno André
Published: September 2019

Članek se osredotoči na pomembno spremembo v kitajski misli 20. stoletja: ponovno rojstvo konfucianizma kot intelektualnega gibanja, imenovanega »novi konfucianizem«, ki se v sodobni kitajski družbi ponuja kot možna alternativa marksistični ideologiji. Vendar kaj sploh je »novi konfucianizem«? Avtor najprej izpostavi problematiko poskusa opredelitve konfucianizma z zahodnega zornega kota in težave, ki se pri tem pojavijo. Opre se predvsem na dela Jiang Qinga 蒋庆, enega osrednjih mislecev tega idejnega gibanja, ter na študije njegovega glavnega zahodnega interpreta, raziskovalca Daniela Bella. V nadaljevanju pretrese nekaj najpogostejših oznak: novi konfucianizem kot religija, kot družbena doktrina ali kot nova politična opcija. Ne glede na neulovljivost koncepta se zdi, da se gibanje v moderni kitajski družbi razvija povsem spontano in pridobiva vse več privržencev, tudi s pomočjo lahkotnejšega literarnega žanra, v katerem se lahko prirejene Konfucijeve misli kot nasveti za soočanje z vsakdanjim življenjem približajo širši množici.
Huang Chun-chieh 黃俊傑 (ur.): Dongya ruxue yanjiude huigu yu fazhan 東亞儒學研究的回顧與 展望 (Retrospektiva in perspektive raziskovanja vzhodnoazijskega konfucianizma)
Authors: Rošker Jana S.
Published: September 2019

Pričujoča knjiga je bila objavljena kot del raziskovalnega programa vzhodnoazijskih konfucianizmov v okviru Inštituta naprednih študij v humanistiki in družboslovju, ki je bil leta 2006 vzpostavljen na Nacionalni tajvanski univerzi. Raziskovalni program se je usmeril v preučevanje vzhodnoazijskega konfucianizma, njegov rezultat pa je bilo med drugim sedem obsežnih knjižnih serij.
Kaj je guoxue? – vzorci organizacije znanja na primeru dveh »slovarjev« (2009 in 2014)
Authors: Findeisen Raoul David
Published: September 2019

Prispevek obravnava novejše razvoje ali, bolje rečeno, preporod koncepta guoxue, ki je nastal pred dobrim stoletjem. Gre za reaktiviran, če ne celo reakcionaren koncept, ki ga v indoevropske jezike večinoma prevajajo kot »kitajsko znanje«, »avtohtono znanje«, »nacionalni nauki« ipd. V njem lahko vidimo neke vrste obrambno reakcijo v smislu paradigmatskega preobrata, ki je pogojen z naraščajočo prevlado (Zahodne) znanosti in tehnologije, ki se je pričela v poznem 19. stoletju in je ponovno vse bolj opazna v sodobni Kitajski. Guoxue je pravzaprav poskus legitimacije vsega, kar lahko povzamemo s frazo »tradicionalnih« naukov in znanj, ki so večinoma dojeti kot nekaj »drugačnega« in nekaj, kar je v nasprotju z vseobsežno dominacijo superiornosti znanosti in tehnologije. A vendar ni nikjer mogoče najti natančnih definicij tega pojma. Spiski in zbirke vseh mogočih diskurzov, ki naj bi predstavljali del guoxue, ponudijo kvečjemu implicitne definicije, ki jih je posledično mogoče samo naknadno obdelati. Izjema so samo tisti primerki guoxue, pri katerih se lahko Kitajska pohvali z nedvoumno in očitno prednostjo pred Zahodom.
»Skrivanje sijaja« – vzpon in zaton konfucijanske zunanje politike
Authors: Motoh Helena
Published: September 2019

Članek se ukvarja z vzponom in zatonom novega modela kitajske kulturne diplomacije, ki se je utrdil pred dobrim desetletjem in je bil utemeljen v neotradicionalističnem ideološkem okviru predsedovanja Hu Jintaa in Wen Jiabaa. Hitro širjenje institucij kitajske kulturne diplomacije je na prvi pogled predstavljalo možnost novega in bolj poglobljenega medkulturnega dialoga, po drugi strani pa je sprožalo vse večjo negotovost glede političnih vsebin ter vzbujalo tesnobo glede vpliva in namenov njihovih politik. Raziskave v preteklih letih so ta pojav največkrat pojasnjevale s pomočjo paradigme »soft power« oziroma »mehke moči«. Članek sledi tej interpretaciji, a opozarja na dejstvo, ki je v tej paradigmi pogosto zanemarjeno, in sicer da se v zadnjih letih kitajska kulturna diplomacija hitro in radikalno spreminja, še posebej ob korenitih spremembah v aktualni politični sferi in politični ideologiji. Ob tem se članek za razliko od klasičnih interpretacij »mehke moči« ne osredotoča toliko na uspeh ali neuspeh kitajske kulturne diplomacije, ampak bolj na širši kontekst zunanjepolitičnih strategij sodobne Kitajske in njihovih novejših transformacij.
Pojmi poti, kreposti in dobrega v konfucijanskih naukih Itôja Jinsaija in Ogyûja Soraija
Authors: Ogrizek Marko
Published: September 2019

Članek se osredotoča na obravnavo pojmov »poti«, »kreposti« in »dobrega« v naukih dveh japonskih mislecev obdobja Tokugawa – Itôja Jinsaija in Ogyûja Soraija – ter opozarja na enega od ključnih momentov, v katerem se kljub njuni skupni kritični naravnanosti in ustaljenemu pojmovnemu repertoarju omenjena nauka temeljno razlikujeta. Medtem ko Jinsai omenjene tri pojme v skladu z Mencijevimi nauki obravnava z vidika občega dobrega poti neba ter človekove naravne moralne zmožnosti, Sorai, radikalen kritik tako Jinsaijevega nauka kot nauka Zhu Xijeve Šole strukture, vse tri pojme podredi celoviti politizaciji.
Antične ideje za sodobne družbe? Globalizacija konfucijanstva
Authors: Rošker Jana S.
Published: September 2019

Pričujoča številka revije Ars & Humanitas obravnava razvoj konfucijanstva v Vzhodni Aziji in v svetu. Osredotočena je na vprašanja, povezana z etičnimi in filozofskimi osnovami konfucijanske modernizacije in z raziskavami, ki obravnavajo te osnove.
Tradicija, modernost in vloga konfucianizma pri izgradnji japonske nacionalne države
Authors: Culiberg Luka
Published: September 2019

Članek sledi razvoju konfucijanske misli na Japonskem in pokaže, kako je konfucijanstvo s svojim osrednjim konceptom poti ostalo idejni temelj japonskih intelektualnih krogov, pri čemer je doživelo številne transformacije in reinterpretacije. Univerzalna pot kot naravno načelo je pri mislecih šole kogaku postala produkt modrecev, pri pripadnikih šole kokugaku pa je prišlo do obrata v japonsko šintoistično tradicijo. Pripadniki šole rangaku so v konfucijanski univerzum posvojili zahodno znanost in tehnologijo. Nova nacionalna država, ki so jo vzpostavili revolucionarji v obdobju Meiji, je na vsebinski ravni postala prav zmes omenjenih idejnih smeri. Mejdžijevska država je bila moderna, industrijska in tehnološko napredna država, ki se je v temelju identificirala s cesarskim sistemom in šintoistično tradicijo, njeno institucionalno ogrodje pa je skupaj držala trdna ideologija konfucianizma.
Poučevanje otrok migrantov in beguncev
Authors: Bojović Zala
Published: September 2019

Članek se osredotoča na problematiko vključevanja begunskih in migrantskih otrok brez znanja nemškega jezika v nemški šolski sistem. Obravnava in skuša odgovoriti na vprašanje, kako otroke najhitreje vključiti v šolski vsakdanjik in pri tem najti najučinkovitejši model vključevanja. Osredotoča se na vključevanje otrok v berlinske šole in poskuša predstaviti v praksi preizkušene možnosti vključevanja. Podrobno je razloženo in predstavljeno delovanje v Willkommensklasse, predstavljene so tudi posebnosti takšnega razreda. Razložena in ovrednotena sta dva koncepta Willkommensklasse, ki sta se razvila v praksi.
Laura Chinellato: L’ara di Ratchis a Cividale
Authors: Gross Vladimir P.
Published: September 2019

A good mosaic should have a clear-cut frame, a central panel proposing the main subject, and subsidiary ones amplifying the theme. Laura Chinellato’s L’ara di Ratchis a Cividale is indeed such a successful mosaic of words and ideas. Its frame is made up of a prelude and postlude by two distinguished medieval art scholars, Valentino Pace and Hjalmar Torp; its centerpiece consists of the author’s extensive and enlightened formal, iconographic, epigraphic and material analysis and is further amplified by experts in related areas – Stefano Gasparri (history), Laris della Pietra (liturgy), Maria Teresa Constantini, (conservation, restoration, reconstruction of polychromy), and Alessandro Princivalle and Davide Manzato (scientific analysis and measurements). All in all, this book is a model enterprise creating a material and spiritual ID, indeed a biography, of a key work of Pre-Romanesque figurative arts. As emphasized by Valentino Pace in his Preface, the Altar of Ratchis is “among the most important monuments of the 8th century”, one in which “epigraphy, figured images, signs, material and color converge to communicate a message of faith and prestige, which this book helps us understand”. But it is also a station on a way to the future, for, as stated by Hjalmar Torp in his concluding remarks, this is a work “based on twelve years of research which includes a detailed analysis of 300 years of scholarship constitutes … a firm point of continuous research.”
Theatralität in Literatur und Kultur, Germanoslavica 25/2, 2014
Authors: Mehnert Elke
Published: September 2019

In einer ausführlichen Einleitung annoncieren die Herausgeber nicht nur jeden der zehn Aufsätze, indem sie eine knappe Zusammenfassung des Inhalts geben, sondern sie bestimmen auch das Anliegen der gesamten, 214 Textseiten umfassenden Publikation: Mit der Zusammenstellung so multipler, auch transnationaler und transdisziplinärer Perspektiven kommt diese Themennummer der Germanoslavica […] dem jüngeren Credo einer kulturwissenschaftlichen und kulturenübergreifenden Öffnung der Zeitschrift nach. Insgesamt sollen die in diesem Heft zusammengestellten Beiträge einen Blick auf die Möglichkeiten der Erforschung eines gattungs- und kulturenüberschreitenden Paradigmas aus einer Perspektive jenseits der Nationalitäten liefern.
Sodobna ukrajinska migrantska problematika v luči evromajdanskih protestov in vojne
Authors: Vollmaier Lubej Janja
Published: September 2019

Članek se osredinja na ekonomske in politične begunce iz Ukrajine, ki se zaradi želje po boljšem življenju množično izseljujejo iz domovine, drugi pa so se zaradi vojne na vzhodu države prisiljeni razseljevati na varna območja znotraj nje. Članek predstavlja vzroke in posledice tovrstnih migracij zlasti z vidika humanističnih prepričanj, kakršna vidnejši ukrajinski literarni avtorji in avtorice podajajo v svojih esejih, premišljevanjih in zapisih (Jurij Andruhovič, Andrej Kurkov, Tanja Maljarčuk idr.), predvsem ob vprašanju evropskosti Ukrajine oz. ukrajinski (ne)prisotnosti v Evropi. Članek zanima tudi odslikava te problematike v javnem diskurzu, saj se zdi, da so te teme redkeje prisotne v primarnem smislu, poudarjeni pa so vzroki, ki so (tudi) privedli do današnje situacije: vprašanje nacionalnosti in identitete ter poudarjanje patriotizma.
Doživljanje »begunske krize« skozi intervencijo v javni diskurz: mi kot Drugi v zgodovinski perspektivi slovenskega izseljenstva in integracijskih praks
Authors: Milharčič Hladnik Mirjam
Published: September 2019

V Sloveniji je tako imenovana begunska kriza trajala od oktobra 2015 do marca 2016, ko se je balkanska pot zaprla. Javni diskurz je imel v tem obdobju značilnosti moralne panike, ki je izbruhnila ob napovedi madžarske vlade, da bo zaprla mejo s Srbijo in Hrvaško, kar je množice migrantov prisililo na pot do »Nemčije« preko Slovenije, in naenkrat potihnila ob zaprtju balkanske poti. Subjektivno doživljanje obdobja intenzivnega javnega interesa za migracije avtorica opiše preko svojih številnih intervencij v javni prostor. V njih je naslavljala dva sklopa strahov, tistega o valovih in nepreglednih množicah ljudi, ki prihajajo; in tistega o Drugih, ki jih ne bo mogoče integrirati na ravni Evrope in Slovenije. Obe intervenciji sta vsebovali zgodovinske podatke o slovenskem izseljenstvu in begunstvu, izkušnji, ki je potlačena in izrinjena iz kolektivnega spomina, nacionalne zgodovine in kulture ter iz šolskega sistema, ter podatke o integraciji migrantov in beguncev, ki v Sloveniji poteka zadnjih 25, v Evropski uniji pa zadnjih 50 let. Opozarjanje na lastne izkušnje migracij in begunstva v evropskem in slovenskem prostoru v javni diskurz vpelje razmislek o formiranju etnično, versko, jezikovno in kulturno raznolikih ter mešanih prebivalstev in družb, primeri integracijskih praks pa razmislek o tem, da so prav te prakse evropskim družbam omogočile, da so postale in ostale ekonomsko in socialno stabilne in varne.
Vojeslav Molè kot pesnik ekfraze
Authors: Simonišek Robert
Published: September 2019

Članek se ukvarja z ekfrastično poezijo enega od utemeljiteljev slovenske umetnostnozgodovinske stroke Vojeslava Moleta, ki je bil v mladosti znan kot pesnik in esejist. Preden je leta 1926 emigriral na Poljsko in začel z uspešno znanstveno kariero na krakovski Jagelonski univerzi, je izdal dve pesniški zbirki ter v revijah objavil posamezne pesmi in eseje. Njegova poetika je po formalni plati zavezana antiki in simbolizmu, glavni temi sta ljubezen in ženska, kasneje se jima pridruži še hrepenenje po mladosti. Pesnik, ki se je izobraževal v Trstu, Novem mestu, Krakovu, Rimu in na Dunaju, je napisal precej ekfrastičnih besedil. V italijanski prestolnici so ga prevzele Tizianova alegorija Sveta in profana ljubezen, Leonardova Mona Lisa ter Rafaelova freska Apolon in Marsija, ki se pojavijo že v naslovih ekfrastičnih pesmi prve zbirke Ko so cvele rože iz leta 1910. Tudi esej Umetnost in narava, v katerem razpravlja o razmerju med likovno umetnostjo, literaturo in naravo, je nastal v Rimu. Pesmi Giorgione in Bizantinska madona se nanašata na pesnikov obisk Benetk v času potovanja po Italiji. Moletov ekfrastični pristop je klasičen v smislu poveličevanja lepote in pomena umetniškega dela, kar ga približuje romantični poeziji. V pesmi V oglejskem muzeju je perspektiva kompleksnejša, saj se pesniški subjekt bolj odziva na sedanjost in obenem pripoveduje zgodbo o detomorilki iz časa hunskih vpadov. Zbirka Tristia ex Siberia, ki je izšla leta 1920, je nastajala v znamenju prve svetovne vojne, ko je bil pesnik v ujetništvu v Sibiriji. Pesmi Hegezo in Milonska Venera, napisani v že Grkom znanem in med pesniki kasnejših dob priljubljenem načinu »prosopopoeia«, lahko razumemo kot posledico doživljanja tesnobe in strahu v izgnanstvu. Antična relief in kip sta medij za izražanje pesnikove zapuščenosti v brezsmiselnem svetu ter hrepenenja po ljubezni, ženi in domovini. Čeprav je Rilke v Moletovem pesniškem razvoju odigral pomembno vlogo, ni mogoče z gotovostjo trditi, da je nanj vplivala Rilkejeva najznamenitejša ekfrastična pesem Apolonov arhajski torzo. Ob Moletovem osredotočanju na daljno preteklost in izogibanju sočasni umetniški produkciji je pesem Sejavec izjema. Vprašanje, ali jo je navdihnila znamenita slika Sejalec impresionista Ivana Groharja, ostaja odprto.
Hidden Ekphrasis in the Works of Miroslav Krleža
Authors: Lah Nataša
Published: September 2019

Throughout the entire literary oeuvre of Miroslav Krleža we are faced with a great number of credible descriptions, describing real historic events, or real artists and artworks belonging to the rich resources of European art history. By applying a cryptographic method of incorporating descriptions into his texts, Krleža on the one hand hid his sources, while on the other also revealed them. He hid them in the tissue of fictional texts, and unmasked them using a key work only those familiar with the source could identify. We term this method the use of “belletristic cryptograms”, and can further categorise it into thematic subgroups of concealed artwork descriptions, naming this whole method the use of hidden ekphrasis. The choice of artworks Krleža describes in his work is comprehensive, diverse and each described differently. Since we are dealing with literary texts, descriptions are often used in the function of a wide array of interpretative strategies of depiction; in some aspects, they are used as a mere glimpse into a piece of art with the goal of visually associating, evoking or minutely symbolizing the incorporeal frame of an artist’s mind or of the wider social context. In other aspects, the artworks are richly and meticulously presented with regard to their importance and credibility as they, according to Krleža, possess an “ethical intelligence” and “ethical conscience”. Only Krleža’s prose is researched here, and this is done on two levels. We take a look at examples where real art is incorporated into fictional texts in order to determine the significance and meaning of a certain dialogue, mise-en-scène or situation. This is most commonly found in the author’s plays, novels and novellas. On the other hand, we can trace a completely opposite method by which artworks enter these texts, where, due to their historic determination and already established worth/status, they thus re-enter reality, as seen from the perspective of Krleža’s life and work, so as to yet again test art history’s credibility through the matrix of contemporaneity. This approach is most often found in Krleža’s essays, critiques and diary entries.