bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Distance Education in Promotion of Women Education in Pakistan
Authors: Sakina Jumani  , Sufi Amin  , Fateh M. Mari
Published: September 2021

Education plays a significant role in growth of mind and individual income as it helps an individual in contributing to society in a positive way. It positively affects the attitude of an individual in adjusting to the society and adds in economic and societal growth. The main objective of education is to reshape the personalities and attitudes of people to build a better society and grow the economy. In this way, women education becomes more important. There is a common saying, “If a man is educated, an individual is educated, and if a women is educated, the entire family is educated”. The distance learning mode of education has been recognized as a great resource to give equal access to education to the women from remote areas of developing countries including Pakistan. However, proper quality assurance systems are to be placed for distance and open education in order to avoid its misuse and to ensure uncompromised education. With this backdrop, the main objective of the present study was to assess the role of distance education in extending and promoting women education. The nature of the study was quantitative and survey type. The masters students {MA (Education)/MEd level} of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) enrolled for spring semester-2018 to spring-2019, all the tutors of postgraduate Teacher Education Programs of AIOU, academicians relating to distance education and formal education programs were the population of this study. Due to lack of resources, and constraints of time and scope of the study, it was limited to four regions that were randomly sampled. A total number of 300 students from relevant programs were randomly selected i.e., 75 students from each region. 100 tutors of relevant programs were randomly sampled by selecting 25 tutors from each region. Questionnaires were used as research instruments. SPSS was used for data analysis. The data were analyzed and interpreted by applying statistical method of percentage and mean scores. The results show that the distance education has positively contributed towards women education. It has also improved their social, social skills, communication skills and the skills required for employment and entrepreneurship. The results further show that distance education has benefited the remotely located women in the country.  However, the quality aspects of distance education need to be addressed to enhance further benefits to women who opt for distance education.
Causes of and Solutions to the Challenges in fair Assessment in Semester System at Public Universities of the Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Pervaiz  , Muhammad Sarwar  , Ashfaque Ahmad Shah
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges to fair assessment in semester examination system, their causes and the solutions. One hundred and forty-four (144) university teachers were interviewed and 48 focus group discussions were conducted among the BS students in six public universities of the Punjab (Pakistan). The data were analyzed through thematic analysis technique. Findings of the study revealed that, in order to judge novice teachers’ competence in assessment, universities did not ask for a professional teaching certification. Most of the university teachers appeared to be in need of having more competence in developing question papers and using different assessment techniques. Moreover, there was no proper mechanism of conduction and inservice training for the enhancement of teachers’ essential skills for the fair assessment of students’ learning outcomes. The course outlines were not covered completely within the stipulated time. Additionally, the university teachers had to perform multiple departmental duties, beside their teaching activities, compelling them compromises their classes. By force of circumstance, they teach and assess selective parts of the course outlines. The respondents suggested the development of a proper training mechanism for university teachers to make them capable of doing fair assessment and provision of required resources.
ICT Infrastructural and Technical Challenges: A Major Impediment towards the Development of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in Nigeria
Authors: Igboeli Uchenna H.  , Bisallah Hashim I.
Published: September 2021

In the fast-growing population of Africa, Nigeria has become the most populous nation with over 177,000,000 inhabitants and consisting of about 32% youths (Abdulrahman et al, 2014). Sustainable development can only be achieved through proper education at all levels. While the regular classroom-based educational programmes have been characterized by incessant strikes and ever-increasing requests for admission due to increasing population, the introduction and acceptance of Open and Distance Learning programmes (ODL) as an alternative to classroom based system, has become imperative to cater for the educational needs of the entire citizenry. Although there have been considerable investments in educational facilities in most schoolsoffering ODL programmes, this research found that a lot still need to be put in place, considering that that high cost of internet access, tutor-learner relationship, educational tools and the packaging of ODL educational resources continues to pose tremendous challenges to students thereby affecting their learning rates and by extension, their academic performance.
Image of India and Pakistan in Digital Age: A Comparative Study on Tweets of International News Agencies
Authors: Muhammad Riaz Raza  , Syed Abdul Siraj  , Muhammad Usman Saeed
Published: September 2021

Pakistan and India are two important South Asian neighboring countries equipped with nuclear capabilities. Unfortunately, the checkered bilateral foreign relations history is hostile and both countries have been fought four conventional wars since 1947. Mass media plays a significant role in shaping international relations and it is considered important to study the image of nations and states to assess international standing of a nation. In present study, we explored and compare the image of Pakistan and India in the representation of tweets of international news agencies. Methodologically, we used content analysis and network analysis techniques to find out the country-issue networks in news tweets. We have designated tweets of four major news agencies;Reuters, Agence France Press, Associated Press and Xinhua related to Pakistan and India for the duration of 7 years (from 2010-2016). We found that India and Pakistan are being covered negatively in news tweets of these news agencies. However, Pakistan’s image seems more negative through lens of international news agencies as compare to India in terms of peace and conflict issues coverage. Both countries should take steps and formulate vibrant policy towards creation and dissemination of their positive image on digital media.
Study of Relationship of Self-Concept and Academic Performance of Distance Learners
Authors: Saba Shamim Qureshi  , Naila Naseer
Published: September 2021

Current research explored correlation between distance learners’ self-concept and academic performance at post graduate level (M.A Education). The purpose of this research was to find out relationship between self-concept of students and their academic achievement. This was a quantitative study which used questionnaire as main tool of data collection along with the analysis of end of term result of students. To achieve the purpose of the study, distance learners (240) of Master in Education (M.A.) of AIOU were randomly selected by employing table of random numbers for sample selection. The study was delimited to Islamabad region and Rawalpindi region respectively. Data was collected through “Self-Concept Scale” developed by researchers. National language (Urdu) was used in the scale to make it more understandable for the respondents. The prototype of the scale was also content validated. In this regard, opinions of five educational experts were sought and their suggestions were incorporated in the final version of prototype. Data collection process was done through mail. Academic achievement was measured in three courses’ results 0512, 0652 & 0655. For data analysis, Pearson correlation was used. Analysis of results showed statistically significant positive relationship between self-concept of distance learners and their academic achievement. It was recommended that the future research and development studies may be conducted to design training programs for distance learners to enhance their self-concept.
Online Learning Engagement Model for International Students in Indonesia amid Covid-19 Period: A Conceptual Model Proposal
Authors: Mussa Saidi Abubakari  , Mashoedah
Published: September 2021

Universities in Indonesia implemented online learning following the command by the government as among the ways to mitigate the Covid-19 infections. However, fully online learning is a new experience for most educators and students including international students in Indonesia. Little is known about factors influencing online learning engagement, particularly in relation to international students. Therefore, this study proposes a conceptual model of online learning engagement based on literature review. Thus, method used is reviewing previous studies obtained from various academic journals which discussed the concept of student engagement and its related factors. The results of literature analysis indicate that student engagement is a crucial factor towards student academic and nonacademic success. Also, findings from analysis indicate that, learner engagement is influenced by a number of factors such as institutional support, instructor interactivity, student motivation, and learning material interactivity. Finally, the conceptual model of online learning engagement is proposed based on previous empirical studies. Recommendation for future studies is also discussed.
Impact of Happiness Classes on the Students Studying in Schools of the Municipal Corporation, Delhi, India
Authors: Tyagi Harish Kumar , Gupta Anushka
Published: September 2021

Aim: This paper aims to study the impact of happiness classes on the students studying in the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) schools of Delhi. The paper mainly studies the opinion of teachers, as well as, students towards happiness classes and its relation to the academic achievement of the students.
Methodology: 25 teachers and 25 students of MCD were selected randomly for the data collection. Inventory on measuring the opinion of teachers about happiness classes and inventory on measuring the opinion of students about happiness classes were prepared by the researcher and were administered on the selected sample.
ConclusionFindings: This study reveals that the opinion of male and female teachers, as well as, students do not differ significantly with respect to the happiness classes and happiness of students is related to some extent to the academic accomplishments of students.
A Study of Development of Insight and Knowledge in Pre- Service Teachers through School Experience Program
Authors: Tyagi Himanshi , Tyagi Harish Kumar
Published: September 2021

The paper aims to identify factors held responsible for developing insight and knowledge in pre-service teachers and loopholes in the present system of teacher education that needs to be catered for to develop better teachers. A qualitative method was used in the present study. Sample comprised of young-aged pre-service teachers (18–22 years) and middle-aged adult (25–29 years) of Delhi-NCR region pursuing only B.Ed. or B.El.Ed., from a public university and private university, respectively. The random sampling process was carried out, wherein 40 students, including 20 boys and 20 girls of both age groups, were selected randomly from universities situated in NCR-Delhi. The teacher aptitude test carried 18 items with four options for each item. The self-developed questionnaire carried 20 items in the open-ended form administered on the randomly selected sample. The finding reveals various factors and parameters laid under the school experience program of different universities responsible for developing pre-service teachers’ insight and knowledge. The better practice of other institutions could be modified or adopted for better results by other institutions.
Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Mental Health of Pre- Service Teachers
Authors: Roy Ananya Ghosh
Published: September 2021

Spiritual intelligence (SI) can be defined as the ability to behave with compassion and wisdom while maintaining inner and outer peace regardless of the circumstances. Mental health (MH), in simple words, includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. In this paper, the investigator has tried to find the impact of SI on pre-service teachers’ MH. The survey method and correlation design of research were used in the study. A simple random sampling method was used to collect the data from 100 pre-service teachers of Delhi/NCR. An integrated SI scale was used to find out the SI level of the pre-service teachers. A self-made questionnaire and focused group discussion were used to determine the respondents’ MH in the study. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between pre-service teachers’ SI and MH. The results showed a high level of a positive correlation between SI and MH. The respondents also mentioned stress, anxiety, and fear related to family and work-related issues.
Changes in Content of Online Teaching in pre and during
COVID-19 Era: A Comparative Analysis in Private School
Setup in India
Authors: Kaur Manpreet
Published: September 2021

The process of teaching and learning through online or virtual mode has been gradually becoming an important part of the Indian
education sector. Teachers and students in higher education have already been effectively using online education mode to optimize the learning
process. Schools, too, have been using educational technologies in many ways at all levels and across all grades. But with the unexpected
worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020, a sudden exponential boom has come in the online teaching set up. Until now,
online teaching was assumed to be an aid to the teaching-learning transactions and was immediately adopted as the only way out, to continue
with the pedagogical process in schools and colleges.
This research attempts to make a comparative analysis of the changes in various aspects of online teaching before and during the COVID-19
era, including content development and delivery and type of information shared with students in private schools of NCR of India. Data collected
by the investigator from school teachers about their usage of online methodologies from 2017 will be compared with school teachers’ data in
August 2020, and its educational implications will be discussed.
Achievement in Science and Attitude towards Science
Practical among Secondary School Students of Patna
Authors: Singh Vikramjit
Published: September 2021

Practical work is defined as any science teaching and learning activity that involves students, working individually or in small groups, manipulating,
and/or observing real objects and materials instead of the virtual world. The teaching of science offers students the ability to access a wealth of
knowledge and information, which will contribute to an overall understanding of how and why things work as they do. Science can explain the
mechanics and reasons behind the daily functioning of complex systems, ranging from the human body to sophisticated modern methods of
transport. Children and students can use this knowledge to understand new concepts, make well-informed decisions, and pursue new interests.
Thus, there is a compulsory role of science practicals in science teaching, and it is always important to study its implications on the students’
science achievement. The study here has investigated this and found out if there is any relationship between science achievement and attitude
towards science practicals. The study has been conducted on 120 students administering the standardized test on attitude towards science
practicals. This study used a 30-item science attitude scale adapted from Prokop et al. (2007). The findings showed that the differences existed
in science achievement based on gender and location of the schools. In contrast, in terms of attitude towards science practicals, the difference
only existed based on the schools’ area of location. It was also found that there existed a significant relationship between achievement in science
and attitude towards science practical among secondary school students of Patna.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL INTERAKTIF BERBASIS ADOBE FLASH PADA MASA PANDEMI DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Purwati Ledi Merlin
Published: September 2021

Media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif menggunakan Adobe Flash dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif pilihan media khususnya pada saat adanya pandemi COVID-19 untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana penerapan media pembelajaran digital berbasis Adobe Flash di sekolah dasar dan dampak penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis Adobe Flash.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kajian literatur dari penelitian terdahulu terkait media pembelajaran digital Interaktif Berbasis Adobe Flash. Hasilnya para peneliti terdahulu menemukan (1) media pembelajaran interaktif berbantuan Macromedia Flash yang dikembangkan cocok untuk digunakan dalam memahami informasi teks cerita (2) motivasi belajar siswa lebih tinggi dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash (3) meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa
Soluble factors of mesenchimal stem cells (FS-MSC) as a potential tool to reduce inflammation in donor’s lungs after hypovolemic shock
Authors: Luderer Dias1 Vinicius , Andrighetti de Oliveira Braga1 Karina , Aparecida Nepomuceno1 Natalia , Moreira Ruiz1 Liliane , David Ruiz Perez2 Juan , Tadeu Correia1 Aristides , de Caires Junior3 Luiz Carlos , Goulart3 Ernesto , Zatz3 Mayana , Pêgo-Fernandes1 Paulo Manuel
Published: September 2021

Objective: The shortage of viable lungs is still a major obstacle for transplantation. Trauma victims who represent potential lung donors commonly present hypovolemic shock leading to pulmonary inflammation and deterioration and rejection after transplantation. Seeking to improve lung graft, new approaches to donor treatment have been tested. This study focuses on treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or soluble factors produced by MSCs (FS-MSC) using a rat model for lung donors after hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups: Sham (n=12), animals without induction of hypovolemic shock; Shock (n=12), animals submitted to hypovolemic shock (mean arterial pressure 40 mmHg); MSC (n=12), animals submitted to hypovolemic shock and treated with MSCs, and FS (n=12), animals submitted to hypovolemic shock and treated with FS-MSC. The animals were subjected to a 50-minute hypovolemic shock (40 mmHg) procedure. The treated animals were monitored for 115 minutes. We performed histopathology of lung tissue and quantification of inflammatory markers (TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, iCAM and vCAM) in lung tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Results: Hemorrhagic shock resulted in higher PBLs and neutrophil infiltrate in the lungs. FS animals had lower neutrophil density comparing with Shock and MSC animals (p<0.001). No differences in the cytokine levels in lung tissue were observed between the groups. Conclusions: The lungs of rats submitted to hemorrhagic shock and treated with FS-MSC showed reduced inflammation indicated in a decrease in lung neutrophil infiltrate.
Design of Distribution Transformer Health Management System using IoT Sensors
Authors: Sharma R. Rajesh
Published: September 2021

Transformers are one of the primary device required for an AC (Alternating Current) distribution system which works on the principle of mutual induction without any rotating parts. There are two types of transformers are utilized in the distribution systems namely step up transformer and step down transformer. The step up transformers are need to be placed at some regular distances for reducing the line losses happening over the electrical transmission systems. Similarly the step down transformers are placed near to the destinations for regulating the electricity power for the commercial usage. Certain regular check-ups are must for a distribution transformer for increasing its operational life time. The proposed work is designed to regularize such health check-ups using IoT sensors for making a centralized remote monitoring system.
MOTIVASI DAN KEMAMPUAN KERJA KARYAWAN RUMAH SAKIT IMPLIKASINYA PADA PRESTASI KERJA
Authors: Suharyanto
Published: September 2021

Globalization has a big impact on the business world. One of the spearheads that must be owned by a company is qualified and capable human resources in their fields. One effort to improve the quality of human resources is to improve work efficiency and effectiveness so that employee performance increases, where performance is a function of motivation and ability (Gomes, 2000). Through the fulfillment of abilities and motivations that are believed to improve employee performance, in this case Lavalette Hospital and Malang Islamic Hospital employees. This study uses explanatory research with a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results of inferential analysis indicate that the variables of existence needs, relationship needs and needs to develop, technical abilities and behavioral abilities partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance. Variable technical ability and behavioral ability partially or simultaneously have a significant effect on employee work performance. Thus, the company must be able to maintain and improve motivation and ability of employees, especially for the needs of relationships and behavioral abilities because it has a dominant influence on employee performance
Atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kubanov Alexey A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Khaitov Rakhim M. , Ilyina Natalya I. , Alekseeva Anna A. , Ambarchian Eduard T. , Artemyeva Sofya I. , Arshinskiy Mark I. , Astafyeva Natalia G. , Vishneva Elena A. , Volnukhin Vladimir A. , Danilycheva Inna V. , Elisyutina Olga G. , Epishev Roman V. , Zhestkov Aleksandr V. , Zhilova Maryana B. , Zhukova Olga V. , Zaslavsky Denis V. , Znamenskaya Lyudmila F. , Karamova Arfenya E. , Korotky Nikolay G. , Kokhan Muza M. , Kruglova Larisa S. , Kungurov Nikolay V. , Levina Julia G. , Lvov Andrey N. , Materikin Alexander I. , Mishina Olesya S. , Monakhov Konstantin N. , Murashkin Nikolay N. , Nenasheva Natalia M. , Pampura Alexander N. , Plakhova Xenia I. , Potekaev Nikolay N. , Prytulо Olga A. , Raznatovskiy Konstantin I. , Sapuntsova Svetlana G. , Selimzianova Liliia R. , Skorokhodkina Olesya V. , Fedenko Elena S. , Fomina Daria S. , Frigo Nataliya V. , Frolova Zoya V. , Khaitov Musa R. , Chikin Vadim V.
Published: September 2021

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common diseases (20‒40% among skin diseases) that occur in both genders worldwide and in different age groups. The problem urgency is caused by an increase in morbidity, a chronic relapsing course that often leads to a decrease in the quality of life and disability, low efficiency of traditional treatment methods, and limited access to contemporary effective targeted therapy. The clinical guidelines, which aimed to optimize care for patients with atopic dermatitis, contain up-to-date information on epidemiology, etiological factors, mechanisms of development and pathogenesis, aspects of the clinical presentation and disease course, current diagnostic methods (including allergological examination methods), as well as approaches to treatment (including traditional methods and modern targeted therapy). The indications for allergen-specific immunotherapy are determined, and the aspects of its implementation are described. The procedure for the provision of medical care, prevention, and follow-up monitoring is outlined. Clinical practice guidelines for atopic dermatitis are intended for practitioners of all specialties, students, teachers of medical schools, residents, graduate students, and researchers.
Emigracja ukraińska w Rzeczypospolitej dwudziestolecia międzywojennego: w kierunku rozwoju własnej tożsamości
Authors: Yaruchyk Olha
Published: September 2021

The article considers the political, legal, economic and cultural life of the Ukrainian political and artistic emigration on the territory of the Polish state in the interwar period. It describes the activity of the Ukrainian Central Committee, the only official institution in Poland at that time, which represented the interests of Ukrainian emigrants, and the carried out cultural and educational activities in emigration centres. The focus is on Warsaw, which was the largest centre of social and scientific life as well as a cultural and educational centre of Ukrainian emigration.
Państwa zaborcze wobec zbiegów i dezerterów – rosyjsko-pruskie konwencje kartelowe z lat 1816–1830
Authors: Rutkowski Marek
Published: September 2021

Relationships between the Russian Empire (and the Kingdom of Poland) and the Kingdom of Prussia, which took place during the first fifteen years after signing the Treaty of Vienna (1815), included many so-called sensitive topics. Among them there were issues of border crossing: fleeing and desertion. In order to stop or limit people from such acts, invading countries signed a plethora of cartel agreements in the years 1816-1830. One of the first agreements was signed on 13th/25th May 1816 that soon – on 24th March/5th April 1817 – was extended by an additional extradition order. Another important Russian-Prussian agreement was a convention (with a declaration) dated back to 17th/29th March 1830.

The discussed agreements, which regulated the procedures for effective capture and transfer of deserters and fugitives in quite detail, were supposed to refer only to legal, not political, issues partly by definition, and by international practice. This lasted until 1830, when David d’Alopaeus and Christian Bernstorff signed a cartel agreement from March 1830, which also concerned (in the secret declaration) the possible extradition of political criminals. Signing of such a convention just eights months before the outbreak of the November Uprising shows invading countries’ attitude towards a possible and anticipated fight for Polish national liberation.
Postęp a konserwatyzm. „Kwestia włościańska” w ujęciu Zygmunta Glogera i Gustawa Manteuffla
Authors: Suchodolski Patryk
Published: September 2021

In the article the author muses upon differences between concepts of progressiveness and conservatism, about how 19th century publicists understood them. Narrowing the field of considerations, he focuses on so called “peasants’ issue”, social changes in the province after the abolition of serfdom, attitudes towards them as the representatives of classes commonly seen as conservative, aristocratic and land gentry. The confrontation of their views with the ideas shared by positivists, in this case of Stefania Ulanowska, Aleksander Świętochowski and Julian Ochorowicz, leads to the conclusion that classification into progressive or conservative is problematic and artificial, which was already observed in second half of the 19th century.
Góry kaukaskie w liryce Władysława Strzelnickiego i Tadeusza Łady-Zabłockiego
Authors: Wojciechowski Paweł
Published: September 2021

The text presents the motif of the mountains – the Caucasus, described in the poetic works of Władysław Strzelnicki (1820–1846) and Tadeusz Łada-Zabłocki (1813–1847), belonging to the so-called “groups of Caucasian poets” (Poles exiled to the Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century). A beautiful image of the Caucasian nature emerges here with woven existential reflections.
Czy na pewno „bestsellery staropolskie”?
Authors: Jurkowska Elżbieta A.
Published: September 2021

The subject of the review is a text of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewki entitled Cracow Histories. The Functioning of Popular Narrative Texts in an Early Modern Cracow, which addresses the topic of presence, place, and role of old stories in an Early Modern Cracow. The reviewer pays attention to a well though-out and well-structured analysis, and makes an attempt to organise an important area of research. Moreover, she highlights an open nature of the work, which suggests that the research of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewski should be continued.
Analysis of E-Commerce Adoption Level on Culinary Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (Umkm) in Karawang Regency Using Smart Pls
Authors: Suhada Karya , Setiyani Lila , Setiadi Sukardi Damas
Published: September 2021

E-commerce is an electronic trading tool where trading transactions, both buying and selling, are carried out electronically on the internet network. The existence of the internet and various technologies in the telecommunication sector have changed many things, one of which is in UMKM. The current owners of UMKM are expected to be able to compete and maintain the continuity of their business by making changes and applications in the technical field. This study aims to analyze the level of e-commerce adoption in culinary UMKM in Karawang Regency. The method used is a qualitative approach by measuring technology, environmental, organizational, and e-commerce adoption variables on the performance of  UMKM. The data collection technique used in this study was probability sampling, with random sampling types, with a total of 70 culinary UMKM in Karawang regency. The results of this study indicate that technology and environmental factors have a positive effect on the adoption of e-commerce so that they can improve the performance of the UMKM in this study.
Personal Privacy Evaluation of Smart Devices Applications Serving Hajj and Umrah Rituals
Authors:   Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute of the Hajj & Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia., Shambour Mohd Khaled , Gutub Adnan ,   Computer Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2021

Mobile Applications (apps) are one of the most important tools that provide many services in different and varied fields of human life such as social, health, commercial, political, and other services. These apps make information easily available to everyone, fast to get, and cheaper than traditional methods. The Hajj pilgrims and Umrah performances (Al-Rahman Holy guests) have a share of the electronic services provided by many governmental and private sectors inside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The offered services ensure that these religious guests have the ability to gain useful knowledge before and during the period they are stayed in the land of the Two Holy Mosques. In this paper, we collected all possible apps related to Hajj and Umrah, from the Google Store, during the season of Hajj 1440 AH (2019 AD), which amounted to 471 apps through searching on relevant applications to Hajj and Umrah services. We studied the applications public info trying to gain personal privacy characteristics from user rating, number of evaluators, recent updates, volume of applications, languages, number of downloads, and specific services provided. The results showed that the largest percentage of the studied apps are the facilitations of the Hajj ritual with 18%, followed by 15.1% for Umrah ritual and 10.2% for prayer supplications. The results also indicated attractive 33 common languages used, showing English with most popularity of 27.4%, followed by Arabic and Urdu of 24.3% and 14.3%. In addition, the study specified the most desirable services favoured by the religious guests expressing interesting valuable remarks.
Use of capsaicin as a model in the study of migraine: a literature review
Authors: Costa Raisa Ferreira , Rosas Emanuela Paz , Oliveira Daniela Araújo de , Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: September 2021

Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiologyof a migraine attack. The present review study aimed to address the mechanisms of action of capsaicin and other chemical inducers in mast cell degranulation and an interaction of nerves and events that happen in the dura mater with the activation of mast cells. A survey was carried out in the literature, from 1980 to 2019, in different databases, using the following terms: capsaicin, mast cell and dura mater. 36 articles were selected for this review. Studies indicate that the main mechanisms of action of capsaicin are chemical induction through the activation of TRPV1 channels,allowing calcium influx into neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of the dura mater, activating mast cell degranulation, releasing pro-inflammatory (e.g., histamine, oxide nitric) and vasoactive (e.g., CGRP and substance P) substances. Therefore, the use of capsaicin may be a tool to be used in an animal model to better understand the pathophysiology of migraine.
A judicialização da medicina e sua influência no aumento das taxas de cesarianas ao redor do mundo
Authors: Lins Camila Mendonça , Araujo Felipe Rafael Pessoa de , Menor Isabela Hadassa Silva , Santos Mariana Ferreira Martins dos
Published: September 2021

As taxas de cesariana ao redor do mundo têm crescido exponencialmente nas últimas décadas, sendo um dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mais executados. Uma das principais causas é a sua indicação como tática de medicina defensiva por parte do obstetra, buscando evitar uma ação judicial por erro médico ou negligência, assim, a cesárea se apresenta para muitos obstetras como uma opção de parto em que ambos, mãe e recém-nascido, estarão mais protegidos de possíveis complicações. A partir da análise de diferentes trabalhos publicados posteriormente foi possível constatar que as condutas médicas têm sofrido uma grande influência do aumento da judicialização da medicina. A Ginecologia e Obstetrícia é uma das especialidades mais afetadas, dessa forma, especialistas de diversos países recorrem à cesariana como uma forma de evitar um possível processo por erro médico ou negligência. É necessária uma avaliação mais aprofundada dessa situação, bem como o desenvolvimento de medidas que busquem sanar esse problema e garantir o melhor contexto de saúde possível tanto para a gestante quanto para o recém-nascido.
Digitalization and Tele-Health Care Concept of Complementary of Traditional Medical practices by Using BIOCERAMIC Technique
Authors: Leung Ting Kai , Lin Ming Tse , Lin Shu-Chen
Published: September 2021

Objective: Tele-health care service of alternative practice for chronic pain disease is worthwhile of developing, especially in the period of COVID- 19 pandemic. Targeting on myofascial trigger points, this study was performed to assess the possible short-term pain relief and functional
improvement in patients by applying the device of BIOCERAMIC material enhanced by frequencies of tempo sound and visible light spectrum (BioS & L). Methods: Fourteen patients who participated in the procedure for the selection of trigger points for the BioS &L treatment, assessment
of pain levels using a visual analog scale (VAS) analysis, and detection of abnormal resonance of 12 harmonic frequencies using a quantum resonance spectrometer (QRS). Results: Comparing the pre- and post-treatment of BioS &L on pain score of 12 HFs (V1-V12) as measured by VAS estimated
by mixed model showed 91.7% (11/12) improvement with statistically significant results. The distribution of differences in the QRS score estimated by the mixed model among participants with pre-test QRS level ≥ 2 showed 83.3% (15/16) of HFs with statistically significant results. Conclusion:
Treatment of BioS &L at trigger points providing pain relief is explained by the hypothesis of microvascular physiology and physics of wave propagation. This study provides a workshop with a concept of digitalization of complementarity and traditional medical service and tele-health care,
which fulfills distant data connection and remote practice. In the period of epidemic spread, it helps to decrease close contact on both health care providers and patients.
Kupambanua Mbinu za Uwakilishi wa Uhalisia-Ajabu Katika Mustakabali wa Uongozi Barani Afrika Katika Karne ya 21 Katika Riwaya ya Babu Alipofufuka.
Authors: Onyango Grace Adhiambo , Ntiba Onesmus Gitonga , Chimerah Rocha Mzungu
Published: September 2021

Sanaa za kihalisia-ajabu husheheni usimulizi wa matukio yasiyotafsirika wala kufikirika kuwa na uyakinifu katika maisha ya mwanadamu. Fasihi za aina hii hutilia nguvu umazingaombwe na kukiuka uhalisia. Riwaya ya Babu Alipofufuka ya Mohamed ni mfano mojawapo wa fasihi yenye uhalisia-mazingaombwe. Utafiti huu unapambanua mkabala huo kwa kusimikwa kwenye mada Mustakabali wa Uongozi katika bara la Afrika katika karne ya 21: Tathmini ya Uhalisia-ajabu katika Riwaya ya Babu Alipofufuka na Said Ahmed Mohamed. Malengo ya utafiti huu ni; Kupambanua uhalisia-ajabu na uozo wa uongozi na hatimaye kutambua suluhu kwa matatizo ya uongozi barani Afrika kwa mujibu wa riwaya ya Babu Alipofufuka. Uchunguzi katika kazi hii uliongozwa na nadharia ya uhalisia-ajabu kwa kujifunga kwa mihimili yake mitano: kinaya, uandishi ndani ya uandishi, umazingaombwe katika mukhtadha halisi, vurugu la kiwakati na muingilano wa matini. Utafiti wenyewe uliendeshwa kwa mtindo wa kimakusudi ambapo matini maalum zilichanganuliwa maktabani na vile vile mtandaoni. Mbinu ya uchanganuzi ilihusu yaliyomo katika riwaya ya Babu Alipofufuka. Mhakiki pia alilenga kuchanganua kazi nyingine za fasihi kwa misingi ya malengo ya utafiti huu. Matokeo ya uchunguzi huu yana umuhimu mkubwa kwani yatasaidia kuchunguza suala la uongozi katika kutatua matatizo ya ndani kwa ndani kwa mustakabali wa itikadi za Kiafrika. Uchunguzi huu unashikilia kuwa utandawazi ni nduli ambalo limechangia kuwepo kwa matatizo humu barani na kuzidi kuifanya Afrika kunyongeka katika minyororo ya utumwa mpya. Taswira hii ni dhahiri katika riwaya mpya za Kiswahili. Matokeo yake bila shaka yatapevua ufahamu kuwa Afrika ina itikadi za kijadi ambazo zilizingatiwa katika kutafuta suluhu kwa matatizo ya ndani kwa ndani hasa za kisiasa. Wanafunzi wa shule za upili na vyuo vikuu pia watanufaika na matokeo ya uchunguzi huu kwa kupata mwelekeo wa uhakiki wa kazi za fasihi mintarafu zenye uhalisia-ajabu.
Raft Forming Systems: A Novel Approach to Gastric Retention
Authors: G Sai Mahesh , M Suraj Narayana , P Glory Margaret , M Mohan Varma , Swamy P. V , Thulluru Ashok
Published: September 2021

Oral delivery of drug is the most preferable drug delivery due to the ease of administration, patient compliance and flexibility in the formulations. In recent era various technologies have been made in research and development of oral controlled release drug delivery system to overcome various physiological difficulties such as variation in gastric retention and emptying time. Conventional oral dosage forms pose low bioavailability problems due to their rapid gastric transition from stomach, especially in case of drugs which are less soluble at alkaline pH of intestine and locally acting drugs in stomach get rapidly emptied. So, frequency of dose administration in such cases is increased. Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) is facing many challenges which can be overcome by upcoming newly emerging approach, raft forming systems (RFS). The present study provides valuable information and highlights advances in this raft forming system. Different types of smart polymers used for their formulation have also been summarized. The current review focuses on the mechanism, formulation development and evaluation aspects of the raft forming systems and also highlights parameters which may lead to response variations in altered physiological conditions are discussed as well.
Endophytic Fungi Penicillium species BCt Phytochemicals Inhibit Replication of Enzymes of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus 1 in in vitro and in silico Studies
Authors: M Govindappa , Channabasava  , Pawar Ritu , Srinivasa Chandrasekhar , Shivamallu Chandan , Arthikala Manoj-Kumar
Published: September 2021

The present investigation was aimed to know the coumarins in the methanol extract of endophytic fungi, Penicillium species BCt isolated from Calophyllum tomentosum bark tissues using qualitative and GC-MS analysis. The endophytic extract was evaluated for anti-HIV activity on three replicating enzymes in vitro and in silico. The methanol extract of Penicillium species confirmed the presence of coumarins in four qualitative methods and yielded four different types of coumarins in GC-MS. In GC-MS analysis, totally seven different phytochemicals were identified based on retention time and compared with available library data. The four coumarins are coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), coumaric acid (3-benzofuran-carboxylic acid), hynecromone (coumarin 4), 4-hydroxy-9-(3-methyl-2-butyl) furo (3,2-g) chloronen-7-one) and other three are common phytochemicals. The HIV-1 RT (98) was strongly inhibited by the endophytic fungal extract compared to integrase (118) and protease (158) in vitro analysis. Highest inhibition of integrase was observed with coumarilic acid (-17.62) when attached to Glu-35, Asn-38, Ser-39 amino acids. The protease was inhibited strongly by hymecromone (-16.39) when attached to amino acids of Val-77, Glu-34, Pro-79, Gly-78. The inhibition of RT was observed with coumarilic acid by attaching to Ala-445, Arg-567, Asp-456, Glu-478, Ser-499, Asn-474 (-23.54) significantly. Based on above results, the endophytic fungal coumarins have the ability to inhibit the three replicating enzymes of HIV-1 significantly. The in-silico results are evidence for how coumarins inhibiting the HIV replicating proteins by binding at specific amino acids. The results will help to understand how and where phytochemicals bind to target proteins to inhibit their action and it may help to identification of drugs to treat HIV. To validate our results, the in vivo research is needed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Psidium Guajava Leaf Extract
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sruthi
Published: September 2021

Green route for the synthesis of nanoparticles has become more acceptable than the other chemical as well as biological route. In the present study, silver nanoparticle is synthesized using ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaves. Further the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible Spec, FT-IR, X-Ray Diffraction FESEM and E-DAX. The results of FT-IR provided evidence of the involvement of phytochemicals present in the leaf extract in the reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure as well as shape of the synthesized nanoparticle as face-centred cubic. E-DAX profiling helped in determining the presence of elemental silver. The size of the nanoparticle procured by SEM analysis was found to be approximately 30-50 nm in size. Thus, the findings of this study showed that the plant assisted method for silver nanoparticle synthesis is more effective and further application level studies can shed lights on their use in healing of various human ailments.
Anti-diabetic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthe-sized from Marine Red Seaweed Halymenia porphyroides Boergesen on Alloxan Stimulated Hyperglycemic Activity in Rats
Authors: Manam Vishnu Kiran , Murugesan Subbaiah
Published: September 2021

The assessment of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized and characterized using UV-Spec, FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, TEM from marine red seaweed Halymenia porphyroides have been evaluated for its anti-hyperglycemic activity in vivo. The anti-diabetic efficacy of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from marine red seaweed Halymenia porphyroides was studied by chemically inducing diabetes in the experimental Wistar albino rats through Alloxan monohydrate, which ultimately results in hyperglycemia at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight given orally for about 28 days. The outcome of the results was estimated by various biochemical parameters from the treatment group with silver nanoparticle (50 mg/Kg i.p) biosynthesized from Halymenia porphyroides. The anti-diabetic efficacy of the treatment group showed a decrease in the levels of blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and phospholipids whereas the body weight and HDL increase was observed. The histopathological evaluation of the pancreas of the treated group of animals revealed the restoration and regeneration of β-cells of the pancreas with moderate swelling as compared to that of the chemically induced alloxan diabetic group of animals.
Investigation of Adsorption Capacity of Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Rodchenko V. V. , Ye Ko Kyaw
Published: September 2021

In this work, the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was carried out under various synthesis modes (in air or in argon). The zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter of Fe3O4-APTES nanoparticles were determined by the method of dynamic and electrokinetic light scattering. The effect of humic acids on the zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter and colloidal stability of Fe3O4-APTES at different pH values was established by the method of dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. It has been shown that changes in the conditions of the synthesis of nanoparticles of one component composition Fe3O4-APTES (argon) and Fe3O4-APTES (air) (in an inert medium and in an air atmosphere, respectively) lead to a change in the charge of the particle surface and a subsequent change in the sorption properties with respect to HA. It was demonstrated that the decisive role in the study of surface properties is played by the purification from low-molecular-weight impurities that can screen the surface of nanoparticles or bind with an indifferent electrolyte. The stage of dispersive post-preparation of samples is also important for the correct determination of the sorption capacity and hydrodynamic diameter of particles.
A Random Forest with Minority Condensation and Decision Trees for Class Imbalanced Problems
Authors: Homjandee Suvaporn , Sinapiromsaran Krung
Published: September 2021

Building an effective classifier that could classify a target or class of instances in a dataset from historical data has played an important role in machine learning for a decade. The standard classification algorithm has difficulty generating an appropriate classifier when faced with an imbalanced dataset. In 2019, the efficient splitting measure, minority condensation entropy (MCE) [1] is proposed that could build a decision tree to classify minority instances. The aim of this research is to extend the concept of a random forest to use both decision trees and minority condensation trees. The algorithm will build a minority condensation tree from a bootstrapped dataset maintaining all minorities while it will build a decision tree from a bootstrapped dataset of a balanced dataset. The experimental results on synthetic datasets apparent the results that confirm this proposed algorithm compared with the standard random forest are suitable for dealing with the binary-class imbalanced problem. Furthermore, the experiment on real-world datasets from the UCI repository shows that this proposed algorithm constructs a random forest that outperforms other existing random forest algorithms based on the recall, the precision, the F-measure, and the Geometric mean