bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicación aumentativa
Authors: Escamilla E Indira
Published: August 2017

Para algunas minorías, la comunicación se convierte en un problema por resolver. El libro “Comunicación Aumentativa” profundiza, tanto en la caracterización de una población con déficit motor grave a nivel comunicativo oral, como en los sistemas y ayudas técnicas no vocales que le servirán a estas personas para interrelacionarse con el mundo.
MENCIPTA DENGAN MENGHANCURKAN: SIGNIFIKANSI SEMIOTIK KEKERASAN DAN REPRODUKSI IDENTITAS SOSIAL
Authors: Riyanto Geger
Published: August 2017

In this article, I want to show the semiotic significance of violence which made its representation profoundly essential in cultural life. My argument is we cannot fully comprehend the social nature of violence provided we view it merely as an act to satisfy the desire to harm the other or to seize a contested scarce resource. As it gave off the impression of negating the others, violence, whatever its motive, tend to be interpreted as the sign of one’s commitment toward his/her group while considerably strengthening the group’ sense of identity. It is this semiotic significance of violence, I argue, which made it being reproduced prevalently in our cultural imaginations. I will be arguing this by examining cases in which the representation of violence being actively exhibited and exploited to invoke a particular sense of identity.
Neither Transgressive Nor Contained: Boundary-Spanning Contention In China
Authors: O'Brien Kevin
Published: August 2017

In studies of popular politics a split exists. Some scholars focus on rather tame forms of participation while others become interested mainly when political action spills out onto the streets. This article considers acts located near the boundary between official, prescribed politics and politics by other means. It explores popular pressure that is arguably legal, permissible in some eyes but not in others. The episodes of boundary-spanning contention examined center on implementing elections in rural China. What is to be gained by investigating this form of contention? First, it promises a better understanding of causal processes insofar as it draws attention to state and movement trajectories. Second, it can help close the gap between analysts who study the dynamics of contention and those who are concerned with the consequences of contention. Third, it promises to bring the relationship between states and contentious politics into clearer focus. Finally, studying boundary-spanning acts can help locate a regime across a number of dimensions: what is institutionalized and what is not, what is participation and what is resistance, who is a challenger and who is a polity member, what citizenship entails and who enjoys it.
“I’m Spartacus!” Kubrick, Espártaco e Lope de Vega
Authors: Rodrigues Nuno Simões
Published: August 2017

Com este estudo, propomos uma análise de uma das mais famosas cenas do filme Spartacus de Stanley Kubrick (1960), aquela em que os escravos chefiados por Espártaco e derrotados pelos Romanos autoproclamam em uníssono “I’m Spartacus!”, considerando a hipótese de o realizador e o argumentista se terem baseado na peça espanhola barroca de Lope de Vega, Fuenteovejuna.
Relationship Depth and Associative Stigma of Disability
Authors: Nieweglowski Katherine , Sheehan Lindsay
Published: August 2017

Family, friends and acquaintances of people with disabilities may be viewed or treated differently by the public due to their association with a stigmatized person. Previous research finds that the public are more willing to engage in relationships with people with physical disability than with mental illness. In addition, attitudes towards associating with people with disabilities has been found to vary by depth of the chosen relationship. The current study sought to examine the connections between relationship depth (friend/romantic partner/acquaintance), disability type (physical/psychiatric) and associative stigma. Adult participants (N=345) were randomly presented with vignettes varying in relationship depth and disability type via an online survey platform. Analyses found no differences in associative stigma between physical and psychiatric disabilities. Participants viewed the vignette actor Rachel as socially warmer when she was a friend or romantic partner of a person with a disability than when she was an acquaintance. Participants rated Rachel as different from themselves when she was romantically involved with the person with disability and were more willing to engage socially with Rachel when she befriended the person with disability rather than when she was a mere acquaintance.
Six Ways of Looking at Crip Time
Authors: Samuels Ellen
Published: August 2017

In this creative nonfiction essay, the author reflects on how 'crip time' has operated in their life, not only as a form of liberation, but also as a site of loss and alienation.
Defining Disability Studies and its Intersection with Madness
Authors: Smith Phil
Published: August 2017

No abstract available.
La instrumentalización pública del patriotismo: una controversia intelectual en México (1703)
Authors: Laske Trilce
Published: August 2017

Este artículo trata de una polémica intelectual, ocurrida en México en el año de 1703. Provocada por los discursos de superioridad académica del nuevo arcediano vasco, la controversia se vio rápidamente recuperada por un importante partido de la capital, que desplazó la controversia hacia la cuestión patriótica. Historiográficamente, este artículo sigue y pretende contribuir a una corriente reciente, que cuestiona la dimensión efectiva del criollismo en Nueva España. En el caso de la polémica y a inicios del siglo, el patriotismo surge como una herramienta meramente instrumental en manos de una elite que, en base a imputaciones cuestionables, lo usa como resorte político para movilizar el espacio público
Osteoarthritis and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: An Overview
Authors: Purwanthi I Gusti Ayu Putri , Marta Ketut Kris Adi , Adiwardhana I Gusti Kadek Satrio ,   Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.,   Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.,   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.
Published: August 2017

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis that affects cartilage joints and leads to disability. OA becomes the major public health problem, as it is the most leading cause of disability and morbidity worldwide. Treatment choices for OA can be classified into several categories such as non-pharmacologic, pharmacologic, surgical therapy, and cell-based therapy. There is no curative treatment for OA, while conventional treatments that are commonly used focus on alleviating the pain as the main symptom of the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be found in several tissues of human body offer a new strategy for OA treatment owing to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes. This article provides an overview about the basic concept of osteoarthritis as well as an insight about the MSCs therapy, including their basic characteristics, source, and transplantation strategies in the OA area.
Physical constraints of fine textured heavy soils and their management - A review
Authors: Joshi Ritika
Published: August 2017

Of the many forms of above- and below-ground stresses facing agriculture production, physical soil limitations are generally among the most persistent and least amenable to amelioration. Fine textured heavy soils have physical constraints that severely affect soil and plant health and yield parameters and there is a need to study the problems of these type of soils and find possible measures to ameliorate these problems. Reasons for these problems along with possible preventing measures have been discussed. These soils have severe soil aeration problem due to restricted soil water movement within the profile. The affects of these constraints on crop growth and productivity were highlighted. For efficient crop production, it is important to understand the soil environment in which plants grow, to recognize the limitations of that environment and to ameliorate where possible without damaging the soil quality. For satisfactory plant growth, it is essential that the soil provides a favourable physical environment for root development that can exploit the soil sufficiently to provide the plants needs for water, nutrients and anchorage.
Variability in gas exchange attributes of wheat RILs subjected to high temperature stress
Authors: . Sunita , Munjal Renu
Published: August 2017

High temperature above the optimum has a drastic effect on the stomatal activity and gaseous exchange which ultimately affect the yield and yield attributing traits. In this study, the Net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWT) on flag leaves of 100 recombinant inbred lines of bread wheat derived from the cross of WH1021 (heat-tolerant) and WH711 (heat-sensitive) were evaluated. Recombinant inbred lines and both parents were assessed for various gas attributes under two sowing dates i.e., normal (17.11.2015) and late sowing (27.12.2015). The temperature persisted normal from December, 2015 to February, 2016 and there was a consistent rise in temperature in the last week of March. Measurements were made at anthesis and 10 days after anthesis. Average An, E, gs and iWT decreased as the temperature increase. A contrasting difference was observed in timely sown and late sown at 10 days after anthesis for photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. Decrease in stomatal conductance and water use efficiency was found with delayed sowing and high temperature. There results may prove useful in the selection of physiologically efficient heat-tolerant genotypes with higher rate of photosynthesis.
Perceived benefits and constraints analysis of ‘VASAT’ an ‘ICT’ initiative in India
Authors: Kumar P. Ganesh , Babu G. Prasad
Published: August 2017

Present day Indian farming community is facing a multitude of problems to maximize crop productivity. ICTs play an important role in information between and among stake holders in agriculture. There is huge potential to harness ICT for agriculture development. VASAT (Virtual Academy for Semi-Arid Tropics) was initiated in Mahboobnagar district of Andhra Pradesh by ICRISAT. Exploratory research design was adopted to know perceived benefits and constraints in utilizing the project services by the farmers. Web based agro advisory service was important service that was ranked first with cent percent accessibility. Agro advisory through video conference was ranked second with 52 per cent accessibility. Other services are accessible but less often. In terms of utility web based agro advisory was utilized by 64 per cent followed by agro advisory through video conference utilized by 28 per cent. Overall satisfaction of farmers towards services of VASAT was rated low by 50 per cent and as very low by another 40 per cent.
Knowledge and adoption of herbicide application practices by the soybean farmers in Vidarbha
Authors: Kale N. M. , Mankar D. M. , Wankhade P. P. , Deshmukh J. P.
Published: August 2017

A systematic survey of 240 soybean growers on adoption of herbicide application practices was conducted in Akola, Buldana, Washim, Amravati, Yavatmal and Wardha districts of Vidarbha during 2013-14 as University Research Review Committee Project. The study revealed that out of 240 selected farmers 221 (92.08%) farmers applied herbicide in soybean crop. Knowledge about the recommended per ha doses of herbicides was not known to 57.08 % farmers. Power spray is never used for spraying of herbicides was not known to 29.17 % farmers in study area. Knowledge about calibration of spray pump was not noted in majority (97.08%) farmers. Use of 500 L water per ha for herbicide application in Soybean crop is not known to more than three fourth (77.50%) per cent farmers. Overall majority 61.25 % farmers have medium level of knowledge about selected 14 herbicide application practices for soybean crop. In selected districts Imazethapyr were more popular among majority (78.28 %) herbicide adopters in soybean crop, followed by 15.85 % farmers used Imazethapyr + Imazamox. Knapsack sprayer used by 61.54% farmers and power sprayer used by 38.46 % farmers for application of herbicides in soybean. Out of the total 85 (38.46%) power sprayer users majority 73 (85.88 %) farmers have not get effective control over weeds in soybean crop. Majority 88.69 % adopter farmers used less than recommended 500 liters of water/ha for herbicide application in soybean. Use of power sprayer and low quantity of water maintained at the time of herbicide application may be the causes of poor results at farmer’s level.
Impact of different organic and inorganic source on yield, quality and uptake of nutrients by kawach beej (Mucuna prurience) on inceptisol
Authors: Gharpinde Bhavana , Wankhade S. G.
Published: August 2017

A field experiment was conducted at Dr.P.D.K.V., Akola (M.S.) during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. The experiment comprised of nine treatments involving 2.5 and 5t FYM ha-1, 1 and 2t sheep manure ha-1, 2 and 4t vermicompost ha-1, 25:50 and 12.5: 25 kg ha-1 NP through inorganic and control. Among different treatments, the application of 4t vermicompost ha-1 resulted in significantly increased pod yield (26.19 q ha-1), seed yield (17.62 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (46.68 q ha-1) as well as quality such as L-Dopa (3.63%), protein (26.79%) and test weight (111.69 g) of kawachbeej over control and superior over rest of treatments. The highest seed yield 184.04% and L-DOPA content 101.96% was observed with 4t vermicompost ha-1 over control. The similar trend of results was noticed in uptake of macro (N, P, K ,S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) of kawachbeej and it was at par with treatment 5t FYM ha-1 and 25:50 kg ha-1 NP through inorganic, respectively.
Water productivity and yield analysis of groundnut using CropSyst simulation model in hyper arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan
Authors: Jat Sita Ram , Gulati I. J. , Soni M. L. , Kumawat Amit , Yadava N. D. , Nangia Vinay , Glazirina M. , . Birbal , Rathor V. S.
Published: August 2017

CropSyst is one of the most important process-oriented simulation models largely used for field crops all over the world to study the effect of climate, soil and management practices on crop productivity. In the present study, we have calibrated and validated the CropSyst model for groundnut crop grown at farmer’s field in IGNP Stage-II of Bikaner. CropSyst model was calibrated using the experimental data of crop parameters, soil profile data and observed daily weather data of experimental site for 2012 and validated the experimental data of crop growth and yield parameters for 2013. The results of the study showed that the CropSyst model simulated the crop growth parameter data viz. green area index, seed yield, above ground biomass and N-uptake of groundnut reasonably well. The seed yield, above ground biomass and N- uptake was validated well by the model with relative error of 3.3, 2.2 and 8.4 %, respectively. The total water applied in groundnut was 728.9 and 619.6 mm in 2012 and 2013, respectively out of this 664.9 and 530.5mm consumed in evapotranspiration.
Interaction of Mesorhizobia, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Nitrogen Fixing and Yield Attributing traits
Authors: Kalkal Minakshi , Kumar Krishan , Waldia Radhey Sham , Dudeja Surjit Singh
Published: August 2017

Twenty genotypes of chickpea were evaluated to study the interaction of chickpea genotypes, mesorhizobial strains and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza for 14 nitrogen fixing and yield attributing traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), number of nodules per plant, nodule weight per plant (g), root dry weight per plant (g), shoot dry weight per plant (g), nitrogen content in shoot (%), nitrogen content in grain (%) and VAM infection(%). The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant amount of genetic variability in the material for all the traits. All the genotypes were treated with three treatments separately (Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 1233 (S1); Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 810 (S2); vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) (Glomus fasiculatum) and one set was used as uninoculated control. These were grown separately following randomized block design with three replications in each treatment. Comparative analysis indicated the differences between the treatments and behaviour of the genotypes in different environments. In general S1 and VAM showed beneficial interaction for maximum number of traits for all the genotypes. The effect of VAM was the most apparent among treatments. On overall basis, genotypes viz. HC 3, HC 5, GL 94022, ICC 5003LN, HK 2, GNG 663 and BG 362 were observed to be better performing and responsive to bio inoculants having one or more superior traits. These genotypes performing better for specific traits can be used as parents in hybridization programme for improvement of that particular trait.
Influence of plant growth regulators on yield and yield components in pigeonpea
Authors: Sumathi A. , Prasad V. Babu Rajendra , Vanangamudi Mallika
Published: August 2017

Pigeonpea is an important pulse crop and one of the major sources of protein in India. In the present study, investigations were undertaken to study the role of foliar spray of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) in altering morphology and enhancing the yield potential of pigeonpea varieties VBN 1, APK 1 and VRG 62. Among different plant growth regulators (PGRs) studied, foliar application of Giberellic acid (GA3) significantly increased plant height, number of leaves and branches in pigeonpea. This was followed by Brassinosteroid (BR). Foliar application of PGRs significantly increased both the growth attributes and yield. Various yield components viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and harvest index were enhanced by PGR application. Maximum dry matter accumulation and fertility co-efficient was recorded in the treatment (T9), i.e., BR application @ 0.1 ppm than the other treatments. It is concluded that foliar application of BR @ 0.1ppm is advantageous in enhancing both growth and yield of Pigeonpea and thus BR foliar spray can be recommended for adoption by the farmers, to maximize the yield in Pigeonpea.
Optimizing mungbean productivity and irrigation water use efficiency through the use of low water- consumption during plant growth stages
Authors: El-Nakhlawy Fathy S. , Ismail Saleh M. , Basahi Jalal M.
Published: August 2017

This research was conducted during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasonsin the Agricultural Research Station, King Abdulaziz University at Hada Al-Sham region, Saudi Arabia to produce mungbean as a new legume crop in Saudi Arabia using low water consumption through maximizing crop yield with optimizing irrigation water use efficiency under drought stress during vegetative and flowering growth stages.No significant differences were found between the yield and yield components when practicing water stress during vegetative stage compared with full irrigation treatment in the two seasons. MN96 cv. was significantly dominated over NMf cv. in all studied traits except flowering date.The highest IWUE and seed yield/ha were obtained from the MN96 cv. under full irrigation and water stress during vegetative stage without significantly differences between them in the two seasons.
Combining Cognitive Therapy With Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Depression: A Group Therapy Feasibility Study
Authors: Hallis Leandra , Cameli Luisa , Bekkouche Nadine Samia , Knäuper Bärbel
Published: August 2017

Cognitive therapy (CT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) have been shown to be effective in treating depression. Although integrating ACT with CT is used for the treatment of anxiety, there is a paucity of integrated CT and ACT treatments for depression and/or dysthymia. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of integrating CT and ACT into a manualized group therapy treatment for depression and/or dysthymia. Over a period of 2 years, 4 consecutive groups were held at a community clinic, with 24 completing the 15-week treatment. Posttreatment and follow-up data revealed satisfaction with the treatment, significant decreases in depression severity, and significant increases in quality of life over the 5 time points. The results support the acceptability and feasibility of a manualized integrated CT/ACT group therapy program for depression and dysthymia.
Seroprevalência do Anticorpo do Vírus na Hepatite A em Viajantes Portugueses: Um Novo Paradigma
Authors: Rocha Sónia , Tejo Sandra , Ferreira Eugénia , Trindade Luís , Rabadão Eduardo , Marques Nuno , Saraiva da Cunha José
Published: August 2017

Introdução: A prevalência da hepatite A em Portugal tem diminuído nas últimas décadas, sobretudo nos jovens adultos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência do anticorpo contra o vírus da hepatite A numa população que recorreu à consulta de Medicina do Viajante.Material e Métodos: Avaliamos a serologia de hepatite A, hepatite B, hepatite C e do vírus da imunodeficiência humana, através de imunoensaio enzimático padrão, de viajantes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Excluímos aqueles previamente vacinados contra o vírus da hepatite A, com diagnóstico prévio de infeção pelos vírus da hepatite B, hepatite C e/ou vírus da imunodeficiência humana, estrangeiros e emigrantes. Aplicamos um inquérito epidemiológico prospetivo e analisamos os dados estatisticamente com o SPSS® versão 18.Resultados: Participaram no estudo 665 viajantes, dos quais 57,6% (n = 383) eram imunes para o vírus da hepatite A. Foram estratificados por oito grupos etários e, para cada um, foi avaliada a presença de imunidade: 5,0% (n = 1) nos 18 - 25 anos, 32,3% (n = 21) nos 26 - 30 anos, 40,9% (n = 47) nos 31 - 35 anos, 45,8% (n = 54) nos 36 - 40 anos, 68,7% (n = 79) nos 41 - 45 anos, 70,1% (n = 68) nos 46 - 50 anos, 80,8% (n = 63) nos 51 - 55 anos e 87,7% (n = 50) com idade igual ou superior a 56 anos. Dos que aceitaram realizar rastreio, detetou-se o anticorpo hepatitis B core em 0,6% (n = 3) viajantes, infeção pelo vírus da hepatite C em 1,1% (n = 6) e pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em 0,5% (n = 3), cujos estados serológicos eram desconhecidos. O destino mais frequente foi a África Subsariana (72,6%; n = 483).Discussão: Detetamos 49,1% (n = 260) viajantes suscetíveis a infeção pelo vírus da hepatite A e o grupo dos 40 aos 50 anos de idade, 30,7% (n = 65) ainda necessita de proteção vacinal.Conclusão: A prevalência do anticorpo contra o vírus da hepatite A tem diminuindo na população Portuguesa, aumentando a suscetibilidade a esta infeção nas deslocações a áreas endémicas.
Family Phenotypic Heterogeneity Caused by Mitochondrial DNA Mutation A3243G
Authors: Alves Daniela , Calmeiro Maria Eufémia , Macário Carmo , Silva Rosa
Published: August 2017

Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness is a rare form of diabetes caused by a mitochondrial DNA mutation. The index case is a 55-year-old woman who was admitted with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. She had a history of diabetes mellitus and hearing loss. The patient’s mother, two brothers and two sisters also had a history of diabetes and hearing loss. This pattern suggests a maternally inherited disorder. All siblings carried the A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation. The identification of people with monogenic forms of diabetes mellitus is a diagnostic challenge. This condition should be considered whenever there is a history of diabetes associated with hearing loss and a relevant family history. Cardiopathy is also known to be an important feature of mitochondrial disease. In order to identify this aetiology, family screening, genetic counselling and screening of associated comorbidities are encouraged.
Lembranças de São Bernardo: a memória e a constituição das condutas de jovens trabalhadores do interior do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Tomizaki Kimi
Published: August 2017

Este artigo pretende realizar, mediante a apresentação de um estudo efetivado em uma fábrica do interior do Estado de São Paulo, uma discussão a respeito das contradições do processo de rememoração, do caráter político da memória e da influência que essa pode exercer sobre a constituição das condutas dos sujeitos.
The experience of manuscripts digital restoration in SPSTL SB RAS
Authors: Shabanov A. V.
Published: August 2017

The article is devoted to manuscripts digital restoration of the Siberian holdings. First it describes the state of digital library «Book monuments of Siberia», and main steps of creating high-quality digital copies. Part of this library is available at www.spsl.nsc.ru/rbook. Then two examples of complex image processing - digital restoration - are given.
Development of a Data Set of Pesticide Dissipation Rates in/on Various Plant Matrices for the Pesticide Properties Database (PPDB)
Authors: Lewis Kathleen , Tzilivakis John
Published: August 2017

Data relating to the rate at which pesticide active substances dissipate on or within various plant matrices are important for a range of different risk assessments however, despite the importance of this data, dissipation rates are not included in the most common online data resources. Databases have been collated in the past but these tend not to be maintained or regularly updated. The purpose of the exercise described herein was to collate a new database in a format compatible with the main online pesticide database resource (the Pesticide Properties Database, PPDB), to validate this database in line with the Pesticide Properties Database protocols and thus ensure that the data is maintained and updated in future. Data was collated using a systematic review approach using several scientific databases. Collated literature was subjected to a quality assessment and then data was extracted into an MS Excel spreadsheet. The outcome of the study is a database based on data collated from 1390 published articles covering over 400 pesticides and over 200 crops across a wide variety of different matrices (leaves, fruits, seeds etc.) for pesticide residues on the crop surface as well as residues absorbed within the plant material. This data is now fully incorporated into the PPDB.
Development of a Data Set of Pesticide Dissipation Rates in/on Various Plant Matrices for the Pesticide Properties Database (PPDB)
Authors: Lewis Kathleen , Tzilivakis John
Published: August 2017

Data relating to the rate at which pesticide active substances dissipate on or within various plant matrices are important for a range of different risk assessments; however, despite the importance of this data, dissipation rates are not included in the most common online data resources. Databases have been collated in the past, but these tend not to be maintained or regularly updated. The purpose of the exercise described herein was to collate a new database in a format compatible with the main online pesticide database resource (the Pesticide Properties Database, PPDB), to validate this database in line with the Pesticide Properties Database protocols and thus ensure that the data is maintained and updated in future. Data was collated using a systematic review approach using several scientific databases. Collated literature was subjected to a quality assessment, and then data was extracted into an MS Excel spreadsheet. The outcome of the study is a database based on data collated from 1390 published articles covering over 400 pesticides and over 200 crops across a wide variety of different matrices (leaves, fruits, seeds etc.) for pesticide residues on the crop surface, as well as residues absorbed within the plant material. This data is now fully incorporated into the PPDB.
A Novel Acidic Myotoxic Phospholipase A2 of Colombian B. asper Venom. Isolation and Functional Characterization
Authors: Posada Arias Silvia , Rey-Suárez Paola , Pereáñez Jiménez Jaime Andrés , Acosta Cristian , Rojas López Mauricio , Delazari Dos Santos Lucilene , Seabra Ferreira Junior Rui , Núnez Rangel Vitelbina
Published: August 2017

Myotoxic phospholipases A2 are responsible for many clinical signs in envenomation by Bothropssnakes. A new myotoxic acidic PLA2 Asp 49 was isolated from Colombian Bothrops asper venom. It was isolated by high efficiency liquid chromatography and named BaCol PLA2. It had a molecular weight of 14180.69 Da and an isoelectric point of 4.4. The complete sequenceobtained by cDNA cloning, with access number in the gene bank MF319968; this sequenceevidenced a mature product of 124 amino acids with Asp in 49 position. In vivoassaysin mice demonstrated profuse oedemaand myotoxicity evidenced by increase of creatinakinasa in plasma and severe and diffuse damage to the muscular fibers, further vacuolization and hyalinization necrosis of the sarcoplasm showed by histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastrocnemius muscle. In vitro studies showed cell membrane damage without phosphatidylserine exposure, an early apoptosis hallmark. Further BaCol PLA2 evidenced high indirect hemolytic activityand moderate anticoagulant action. The toxin showed homology with others acidic PLA2 isolated from Bothrops venoms, including one isolated from B. asper of Costa Rica. Unlike this, BaCol PLA2 was myotoxic.
The Significance of Infiltration and Spatial Variability of Rainfall on the Numerical Reproduction of Urban Floods
Authors: Courty Laurent G. , Rico-Ramirez Miguel A. , Pedrozo-Acuna Adrian
Published: August 2017

The growth of urban population, combined with an increase of extreme events due to climate changes call for a better understanding and representation of urban floods. Rainfall and infiltration are two important factors that affect the watershed response to a given precipitation event. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of the representation of infiltration and spatially variable rainfall on the computer simulation of the floods that affected the city of Hull, UK in June 2007. This work compares a uniform rainfall with one generated using Kriging with External Drift and a constant infiltration equal to the soil hydraulic conductivity with a neglected infiltration. The results of the four simulations are then compared with the flood extents observed by public authorities. It results that the computer model is able the reproduce the general dynamic of the flood and identify the main inundated areas. We found that neglecting the infiltration induce a better representation of this flood event. Furthermore, the use of radar rainfall results in an accuracy similar to the one obtained with a constant rainfall. This study indicates that when the spatial resolution of the rainfall data is low compared to the catchment size and the precipitation distribution is uniform, the spatial variability of the rainfall might not add significant information.
User Mobility Analysis of Lighting Practices in Konya City Square
Authors: YILMAZ ÇAKMAK Bilgehan , BEKTAS Hamdi , SUCUCAN Serpil
Published: August 2017

Aim: There have been many urban design application and research studies describing the connection between user movement and space. The Space Syntax Method, an urban design model developed by the Space Syntax Laboratory at University College London, England, seeks to describe the connection between pedestrian movement and spatial formation on a mathematical basis. The Space Syntax is specialized approach used in designing pedestrian connections within the urban structure. It observes pedestrian and vehicle movements, and uses computer programs to calculate the potential effects of design proposals on pedestrian movement.

Method: This model is used in many European countries and it provides consistent results for pedestrian movement. This method was utilized to determine the connection between pedestrian movement and the space format in a field described in this study – the Konya City Square. Starting from pedestrian movement and the assembly points, the study recorded the observations and the follow-up of pedestrian movement in Konya city center during a one-week period (at different hours of the day, on weekdays and weekends, in the daytime and at night). A video recording was made and it was turned into pedestrian movement charts. Graphic maps were also prepared and they were compared to the Space Syntax Method. Furthermore, a lighting analysis was conducted in the City Square using the DIALux lighting calculation program and it was found to be consistent with the current records.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the lighting work at the City Square underestimated pedestrian movement on the Square, and the monument at the center of the Square lacked visibility and definability. Suggestions were put forward regarding these issues.
EFFECT OF LIGNOSELULOLITIC FUNGUS TO ENZIMATIC ACTIVITY, FIBER FRCTION, AND DIGESTIBILITY ON FERMENTATION PROCESS OF COCOA POD
Authors: Yakin Engkus Ainul , Bachruddin Zaenal , Utomo Ristianto , Millati Ria
Published: August 2017

The study was conducted to determine the enzyme activity, fiber fraction and digestibility in the fermentation process of cocoa pod. The substrate was used the cocoa pod while the fungi used Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus and Schizophyllum commune. Preparation of cocoa pod was chopped, finely ground and then dried. Preparation of fungi by growing fungi in liquid medium. Research methodology was the fermentation conducted with different fungi used four treatments and five replications. T1 = fermentation of cocoa pod without fungi addition, T2 = fermentation of cocoa pod with P. chrysosporium addition, T3 = fermentation of cocoa pod with  P. ostreatus addition, and T4 = fermentation of cocoa pod with S. commune. Fermentation used Erlenmeyer 250 ml and weight of cocoa pod was 100 gram. Fungi added on 5% from substrat weight bassis dry matter. Variables observed was enzyme activity, fiber fraction and digestibility . This study was designed using research design completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern analysis of variance. Significant variables followed Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed fermentation used P. chrysosporium has highest lignin peroxidase enzyme activity of 0.52±0.04 U/mL and mangan peroxidase 0.06±0.00 U/mL, neutral detergent fiber 75,54±0,41%, acid detergent fiber 68,10±0,30%, lignin 26,86±0,19%, cellulose 27,17±0,25%, hemicellulose 6,77±0,52%, dry matter digestibility 69,70±0,43% and organic matter digestibility 69,59±1,03%. The conclusion from this research that the fermentation by using fungi P. chrysosporium addition has the best result to degradated lignin.
Frequent Prescribed Burning as a Long‐term Practice in Longleaf Pine Forests Does Not Affect Detrital Chemical Composition
Authors: Coates T. Adam , Chow Alex T. , Hagan Donald L. , Wang G. Geoff , Bridges William C. , Dozier James H.
Published: August 2017

The O horizon, or detrital layer, of forest soils is linked to long‐term forest productivity and health. Fuel reduction techniques, such as prescribed fire, can alter the thickness and composition of this essential ecosystem component. Developing an understanding of the changes in the chemical composition of forest detritus due to prescribed fire is essential for forest managers and stakeholders seeking sustainable, resilient, and productive ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated fuel quantity, fuel structure, and detrital chemical composition in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) forests that have been frequently burned for the last 40 yr at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center in Georgetown, SC. Our results suggest that frequent prescribed fire reduces forest fuel quantity (p < 0.01) and vertical structure (p = 0.01). Using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as a molecular technique to analyze detrital chemical composition, including aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we found that the chemical composition of forest detritus was nearly uniform for both unburned and burned detritus. Our burning activities varied in the short term, consisting of annual dormant, annual growing, and biennial dormant season burns. Seasonal distinctions were present for fuel quantity and vertical fuel structure, but these differences were not noted for the benzene/phenol ratio. These results are significant as more managers consider burning existing longleaf stands while determining effective management practices for longleaf stands yet to be established. Managers of such stands can be confident that frequent, low‐intensity, low‐severity prescribed burns in longleaf pine forests do little to affect the long‐term chemical composition of forest detritus.

Core Ideas

Long‐term frequent prescribed fire lowered fuel quantity.

Detrital chemical composition showed little alteration with fire.

Any immediate postfire chemical changes dissipated one year postfire.

Wildfire hazard can be reduced while conserving detrital chemistry.
A Novel Method for Estimating Soil Precompression Stress from Uniaxial Confined Compression Tests
Authors: Lamandé Mathieu , Schjønning Per , Labouriau Rodrigo
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

A new numerical method could detect the point of maximum curvature in the stress–strain relationship.

The precompression stress identified by the new method correlated with the maximum stress the soil had experienced prior to the compression tests.

The combination of soil water potential and bulk density had a larger influence on precompression stress than soil texture and soil structure alone.

The concept of precompression stress is used for estimating soil strength that is relevant to field traffic. It represents the maximum stress experienced by the soil. The most recently developed fitting method to estimate precompression stress (Gompertz) is based on the assumption of an S‐shaped stress–strain curve, which is not always fulfilled. A new simple numerical method was developed to estimate precompression stress from stress–strain curves, based solely on the sharp bend on the stress–strain curve partitioning the curve into an elastic and a plastic section. Our study had three objectives: (i) assessing the utility of the numerical method by comparison with the Gompertz method, (ii) comparing the estimated precompression stress to the maximum preload of test samples, and (iii) determining the influence that soil type, bulk density, and soil water potential have on the estimated precompression stress. Stress–strain curves were obtained by performing uniaxial confined compression tests (UCCTs) on undisturbed soil cores for three soil types at three soil water potentials. The new method performed better than the Gompertz fitting method for estimating precompression stress. The values of precompression stress obtained from the new method were linearly related to the maximum stress experienced by the soil samples prior to the UCCT at each soil condition, with a slope close to 1. Precompression stress determined via the new method was not related to soil type or dry bulk density. This might because the range for both parameters was too small but it may also emphasize the complex effect of soil structure on soil mechanical strength.
The Diversity of the Dragonfly of Orthetrum Genus in Protected Area of Mount Prau, Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Setyawati Siti Mukhlisoh , Puwowidodo Puwowidodo , Huda Muh. Miftahul , Dewi Bita Afriyanti
Published: August 2017

Dragonfly of the genus Orthetrum is a dragonfly of the Lebullidae family. This dragonfly has a variety of types of morphological structure, body color, distribution and habitat. Habitat dragonfly of the genus Orthetrum is quite extensive, especially around lowland to upland waters. Protected Forest Mount Prau Central Java, is a rainforest that has a water flow appropriate for life dragonflies. It allows the Dragonflies of all kinds to live and thrive in the environment, including Orthetrum. This research was conducted to find out the types of Orthetrum that can be found in Protected Forest Area of Mount Prau, Central Java. Determination of sampling is done along the river flow at 3 stations with total sub plot of sample as much as 12 point, starting from near settlement flow up to 2100 m toward waterfall source. The results of the sample analysis showed morphological variations in the structure of the thorax and abdomen as well as the color variations and patterns on the thorax, abdomen, and wings. Identification of the dragonfly obtained four types of dragonfly Orthetrum with variations on the sex, the male and female sabina Orthetrum, Orthetrum caffrum males. Orthetrum testaceum male, male and female pruinosum Orthetrum, and Orthetrum male and female glaucum. ©2017 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
PEMIKIRAN ISLAM PROGRESSIF: Dua Dekade Pemikiran dan Gerakan Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL)
Authors: Ismail A. Ilyas
Published: August 2017

Theologically, Islam is one (single) and absolutely true. However, historically, after being understood, and translated into the reality of life in the dimensions of space and time, Islam is not a single, but wide in variety or has plural form and manifest in at least three schools of thought, the traditional Islamic revivalist Islam (fundamentalism), and Islam liberal (progressive). Group of the Liberal Islam Network (JIL) represents the latter mindset. Although it is relatively young, only 10 years old, JIL became popular because it brings new ideas that often arouse controversy in the community. The progressive thoughts carried out by JIL concerning the four areas. First, the reformation in politics, JIL forwards the idea of secularism. Second, in the field of social reforms and civic religion, JIL brought the idea or concept of pluralism. Third, reforms in individual freedom, JIL put forward the idea of liberalism both in thought and action. Fourth, reforms in the field of women, JIL brought the idea of gender equality. These thoughts get some pros and cons in the community. Some denounce and condemn it, but others appreciate and support it. In such an atmosphere, JIL continues to grow as a progressive Islamic thought and movements in Indonesia.Secara teologis, Islam adalah satu (tunggal) dan mutlak benar. Namun, secara historis, setelah dicoba dihayati, dipahami, dan diterjemahkan dalam realitas kehidupan dalam dimensi ruang dan waktu, Islam tidak tunggal, tetapi beragam alias plural yang mewujud dan mengejawantah setidak-tidaknya dalam tiga aliran pemikiran, yaitu Islam tradisional, Islam revivalis (fundmentalisme), dan Islam liberal (progresif). Kelompok Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) mewakili pola pemikiran yang terakhir. Meski usianya relative muda, baru 10 tahun, JIL menjadi popular karena mengusung pemikiran-pemikiran baru yang sering memunculkan kontroversi dalam masyarakat. Pembaharus pemikiran yang diusung JIL menyangkut empat bidang. Pertama, pembaruan dalam bidang poiitik. Di sini, JIL mengedepankan gagasan sekularisme. Kedua, pembaruan dalam bidang social agama dan kemasyarakatan. Di sini, JIL mengusung ide atau konsep pluralisme. Ketiga, pembaruan dalam kebebasan individu. Dalam hal ini, JIL mengedepankan gagasan liberalism baik dalam berpikir maupun bertindak. Keempat, pembaruan dalam bidang perempuan. Di sini JIL mengusung ide kesetaraan gender. Pemikiran pembaharuan JIL ini mendapat pro dan kontra dalam masyarakat. Sebagian mencela dan mengecamnya, tetapi sebagian lagi memberi apresiasi dan mendukungnya.Dalam suasan semacam itu, JIL terus tumbuh sebagai pemikiran dan gerakan Islam progresif di Indonesia.
REAKTUALISASI JIHAD DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERDAMAIAN DAN TOLERANSI
Authors: Indriati Anisah
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the issue of jihad in Islamic sources. This effort is important because of the negative image of the Islamic Jihad command. Presented in this article about the meaning of jihad in Islamic sources and how to interpret contextually jihad with jihad fi sabilillah in accordance with the interests and capacities of each. Jihad does not only means qital or war. Jihad in the Qur'an is also found in other, more beneficial to the institution of humanity. In the contemporary era of jihad environmental, health and scientific innovation become necessary to save a human life.Artikel ini membahas persoalan jihad dalam sumber ajaran Islam. Upaya ini penting dilakukan karena adanya Image Islam yang negatif dari adanya perintah jihad. Dalam artikel ini dikemukakan tentang pemaknaan jihad yang ada dalam sumber ajaran Islam dan bagaimana memaknai jihad secara kontekstual dengan melaksakan jihad fi sabilillah yang sesuai dengan kepentingan dan kapasitasnya masing-masing. Jihad tidak hanya bermkna qital atau berperang. Jihad dalam al-Quran juga ditemukan dalam bentuk lain yang lebih bermanfaat bagi intitusi kemanusiaan. Di era kekinian jihad lingkungan, kesehatan dan inovasi keilmuan menjadi suatu yang penting untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan manusia.
Microgrid With a 3.4 kWp Photovoltaic System in the Universidad Técnica de Manabí
Authors: Manuel Saltos Arauz Wilber , Intriago Cedeño Gabriela , Salvatierra Chávez Susana , Vázquez Pérez Antonio , Rodríguez Gámez María
Published: August 2017

The emergence and development of Microgrids emerge as an alternative to the distributed generation that is becoming more and more effective at an international level. The research aims to perform an analysis on the behavior of na microrred designed in an urban environment operating connected to the main electrical network or outside it. A technical evaluation of the connected photovoltaic power plant is carried out as a microrred obtaining as a result the improvement of the profiles of voltage, current and apparent power, at the same time that it favors the reduction of the electric energy consumption of the conventional network, with the potential to decrease The amount of the electric bill, contributing to the reduction of oil consumption and CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.
Methylene Blue Adsorption on a Low Cost Adsorbent—Carbonized Peanut Shell
Authors: Gülen Jale , Zorbay Fatih
Published: August 2017

Carbonized peanut shell (CPS), a low cost adsorbent was investigated for adsorption of methylene blue from its aqueous solution. Some experimental parameters like the effect of initial dye concentration, initial solution pH, phases contact time and temperature were investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich and Harkins‐Jura isotherm models were applied to the experimental data and Langmuir model fitted best. Monolayer adsorption capacity was 5.34 mg/g according to the Langmuir model. Adsorption capacity/uptake of CPS was found comparable to the some other adsorbent materials. The kinetic and intra particle diffusion models were applied to the experimental data. The experimental reaction was progressed via pseudo second order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated.
Logística militar en los conflictos del siglo XXI. El espacio y los retos ofrecidos por la guerra asimétrica
Authors: Sánchez Hurtado Juan Ricardo , Montero Moncada Luis Alexander , Ardila Castro Carlos Alberto , Ussa Cabrera Antonio José
Published: August 2017

La guerra asimétrica se presenta como la innovación característica de la mayoría de conflictos del sistema internacional posterior a la Guerra Fría, incrementados por el sistema internacional anti terrorista posterior al 11 de septiembre. Sin embargo, durante más de veinte años, la construcción del concepto de guerra asimétrica planteó la confrontación desde la óptica del actor débil e irregular. La evolución teórica reciente plantea también la posibilidad que los Estados conduzcan y exploten las posibilidades que brindan las confrontaciones asimétricas, con la condición fundamental de un apoyo logístico superior. En otras palabras, es la logística para la asimetría la que permite que los Estados desplieguen la triada fundamental para la guerra asimétrica, a saber, la conjunción de las Fuerzas Especiales, la inteligencia y el poder aéreo.