bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-Body Compliant Motion by Sensor Integration of an EHA-Driven Humanoid Hydra
Authors: Ko Tianyi , Murotani Kazuya , Yamamoto Ko , Nakamura Yoshihiko
Published: March 2021

Joints’ backdrivability is desired for robots that perform tasks contacting the environment, in addition to the high torque and fast response property. The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is an approach to realize force-sensitive robots. To experimentally confirm the performance of a biped robot driven by EHAs, we developed the fully electro-hydrostatically driven humanoid robot Hydra. In this paper, we evaluate the whole-body control performance realized by integrating encoders, pressure sensors, and IMU through a high-speed communication bus to the distributed whole-body control system. We report the first example of bipedal locomotion by an EHA-driven robot in both position-controlled and torque-controlled approaches. The robot could keep the balance even when the ground condition was changing impulsively and utilize its high joint backdrivability to absorb a disturbance by the null space compliance. We also report practical challenges in implementing compliant control in real hardware with limitations in parameter accuracy, torque, and response. We experimentally confirmed that the resolved viscoelasticity control (RVC), which has indirect feedback of operational space tasks by projecting the operational space feedback gain to the joint space one, was effective to tune a proper gain to stabilize the center-of-mass motion while avoiding joint-level oscillation invoked by the control bandwidth limitation. The attached multimedia file includes the video of all experiments presented in the paper.
White dwarf stars in modified gravity
Authors: Wojnar Aneta
Published: March 2021

A few questions related to white dwarfs’ physics is posed. It seems that the modified gravity framework can be a good starting point to provide alternative explanations to cooling processes, their age determination, and Chandrasekhar mass limits. Moreover, we have also obtained the Chandrasekhar limit coming from Palatini [Formula: see text] gravity provided by a simple Lane–Emden model.
The Fuzzy Double Laplace Transforms and their Properties with Applications to Fuzzy Wave Equation
Authors: Shabestari R. Mastani , Ezzati R.
Published: March 2021

The main focus of this paper is develop of the fuzzy double Laplace transform to solve a fuzzy wave equation. In this scheme, a fuzzy wave equation can be solved without converting it to two crisp equations. Some properties of the fuzzy Laplace transform and the fuzzy double Laplace transform are proved. The superiority and accuracy of the fuzzy double Laplace transform to wave equation are illustrated through some examples.
Antibacterial coating of titanium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on a polymer substrate
Authors: Okazaki Masatoshi , Azuma Yoshinao , Iwasaki Mitsunobu , Furuzono Tsutomu
Published: March 2021

Calcined and dispersible titanium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ti-HAp) nanoparticles at different [Ti/(Ca+Ti)] atomic ratios (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) were prepared using an anti-sintering method. The Ti substitution ratios of the HAp structures in the feed of Ti-HAp preparation were approximately 80%. Ti-HAp nanoparticles were coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets through polyacrylic acid graft-polymers. The PET substrate was almost completely covered with monolayer nanoparticles (over 95%). Antibacterial activity of coated Ti-HAp was calculated from the survival ratio of the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 312 nm and 6.4 mW/cm2for 30 s. The number of S. aureus on the Ti-HAp coated substrate decreased by 43% compared to those on the original PET and normal HAp coatings as negative controls. The antibacterial activity of Ti-HAp coated substrate was, furthermore, no statistically difference with TiO2sheet as a positive control.
The Volatility Premium
Authors: Eraker Bjorn
Published: March 2021

The difference, average risk-neutral and physical volatility, is substantial and translates into a large return premium for sellers of index options. This paper studies a general equilibrium model based on long-run risk in an effort to explain the premium. In estimating the model using data on stock returns and volatility (VIX), the model captures the premium and also the large negative correlation between shocks to volatility and stock prices. Numerical simulations verify that writers of index options earn high rates of return in equilibrium and that the return patterns are similar to that seen in the S&P 500 index options data.
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome with Intracameral Moxifloxacin: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Amireskandari Annahita , Bean Andrew , Mauger Thomas
Published: March 2021

A case of severe anterior segment toxicity secondary to high-volume, undiluted intracameral moxifloxacin for endophthalmitis prophylaxis is reported. We examine the other reported cases of toxicity after intracameral moxifloxacin, as well as iris depigmentation and transillumination syndromes after oral and topical fluoroquinolone exposure. Additionally, we review the literature on safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing of intracameral antibiotics with a focus on moxifloxacin.
On the System of Coupled Nondegenerate Kirchhoff Equations with Distributed Delay: Global Existence and Exponential Decay
Authors: Choucha Abdelbaki , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Ouchenane Djamel , Alkhalaf Salem , Mekawy Ibrahim , Abdalla Mohamed
Published: March 2021

This paper studies the system of coupled nondegenerate viscoelastic Kirchhoff equations with a distributed delay. By using the energy method and Faedo-Galerkin method, we prove the global existence of solutions. Furthermore, we prove the exponential stability result.
Effect of Design Parameters on Fresh Water Produced from Triangular Basin and Conventional Basin Solar Still
Authors: Prasad A. Rajendra , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Sudhakar M. , Madhu B. , Mageshbabu D. , Manokar A. Muthu , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: March 2021

This paper reported the experimental testing of a triangular and conventional basin solar still (TBSS and CBSS). Solar basin and absorber are made of glass and a polyethylene cover, respectively, with an area of 0.25 m2. Square and triangular absorber with the same area of 0.25 m2 with square and triangular glass cover for condensation was fixed. Experimentations were conducted during the month of December 2018, and different natural criteria such as intensity, wind speed, and surrounding ambient temperatures were considered. Also, the modified model was compared to the CBSS on its performance and efficiency characteristics. The experimental results also revealed that the temperature of the water inside the TBSS was higher as compared with that of the CBSS. The daily yield obtained from CBSS and TBSS was found to be 2.7 and 3.2 kg/m2, respectively. Also, the daily efficiency of the TBSS was improved by 11.36% than the CBSS.
Freeze‐Thaw Performance of Silt Sand Treated with Lignin
Authors: Zhu Fu , Li Jiayu , Jiang Wenhao , Zhang Shuang , Dong Weizhi
Published: March 2021

In cold regions, freeze‐thaw action poses a significant hazard to road engineering. In order to avoid the adverse effects of inorganic materials on soil modification, we applied lignin, which is an environmentally friendly and organic polymer, to improve the silt sand from cold regions. The significance of this study is to facilitate the better application of lignin. The macroscopic engineering properties of the soil showed that, before freeze‐thaw, as the lignin content increased, thermal conductivity and permeability decreased, pH first increased rapidly and then stabilized between 10 and 11, and dynamic resilient modulus first increased then decreased; after freeze‐thaw, as lignin content increased, thermal conductivity and permeability decreased, and dynamic resilient modulus first increased then decreased. The freeze‐thaw action reduced the thermal conductivity and dynamic resilient modulus of silt sand treated with lignin and increased its permeability. The test results of soil microstructure indicated that, before freeze‐thaw, the silt sand and silt sand treated with lignin were structurally compact; after freeze‐thaw, the silt sand showed numerous cracks and pores and had a loose soil structure, whereas the silt sand treated with lignin showed fewer cracks and pores, and its soil structure was more compact under the encapsulation and filling action of cementitious materials. No new chemical elements, mineral components, or functional groups were produced when lignin was mixed with silt sand. The mechanism by which lignin improved the macroengineering properties of silt sand involved the cementitious material produced by the interaction between lignin and soil minerals, which encapsulated the soil particles and filled the interparticle pores. Research results can provide a theoretical reference for engineering application of lignin in cold regions.
Manoalide Shows Mutual Interaction between Cellular and Mitochondrial Reactive Species with Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Hui-Ru , Chen Ping-Ho , Tang Jen-Yang , Yen Ching-Yu , Su Yong-Chao , Huang Ming-Yii , Chang Hsueh-Wei
Published: March 2021

We previously found that marine sponge‐derived manoalide induced antiproliferation and apoptosis of oral cancer cells as well as reactive species generations probed by dichloro‐dihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) and MitoSOX Red. However, the sources of cellular and mitochondrial redox stresses and the mutual interacting effects between these redox stresses and apoptosis remain unclear. To address this issue, we examined a panel of reactive species and used the inhibitors of cellular reactive species (N‐acetylcysteine (NAC)), mitochondrial reactive species (MitoTEMPO), and apoptosis (Z‐VAD‐FMK; ZVAD) to explore their interactions in manoalide‐treated oral cancer Ca9‐22 and CAL 27 cells. Hydroxyl (˙OH), nitrogen dioxide (NO2˙), nitric oxide (˙NO), carbonate radical‐anion (CO3˙–), peroxynitrite (ONOO–), and superoxide (O2˙–) were increased in oral cancer cells following manoalide treatments in terms of fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Cellular reactive species (˙OH, NO2⋅, ˙NO, CO3˙–, and ONOO–) as well as cellular and mitochondrial reactive species (O2˙–) were induced in oral cancer cells following manoalide treatment for 6 h. NAC, MitoTEMPO, and ZVAD inhibit manoalide‐induced apoptosis in terms of annexin V and pancaspase activity assays. Moreover, NAC inhibits mitochondrial reactive species and MitoTEMPO inhibits cellular reactive species, suggesting that cellular and mitochondrial reactive species can crosstalk to regulate each other. ZVAD shows suppressing effects on the generation of both cellular and mitochondrial reactive species. In conclusion, manoalide induces reciprocally activation between cellular and mitochondrial reactive species and apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
Discrete Simulation of Vibratory Roller Compaction of Field Rockfills
Authors: Li Yang , She Chengxue
Published: March 2021

Vibratory roller compaction is a well‐known method in improving the mechanical properties of field rockfills. However, the meso mechanism of rockfill densification under vibratory roller compaction has not been understood clearly. This paper presents a discrete numerical method to simulate the vibratory roller compaction of field rockfills. Firstly, rockfill particles were modeled by irregular and stochastic clusters, which can be breakable. In addition, the segregation of field rockfills was replicated in a practical manner. Then, a new model of the vibratory roller was presented, in which the frame inertia was considered. Finally, the developed method was applied to simulate the vibratory roller compaction of field rockfills in the Shui Buya Project. Results show that (1) the numerical simulations of vibratory roller compaction of field rockfills agree well with the field experiments; thus, the feasibility and rationality of the developed simulation method are verified; (2) the dynamic response of field rockfills under vibratory roller compaction can be predicted by the presented numerical method with calibrated model and parameters; (3) the new roller model with frame inertia considered is much more accurate than the roller models in early studies. Thus, the developed discrete numerical method can be further adopted to explore the meso mechanism of rockfill densification under vibratory roller compaction in the future.
Making the twenty first century its own: Janus faced African (under) development
Authors: Bush Raymond C.
Published: March 2021

This article critiques the idea that Africa under existing conditions of globalisation can take control of its own destiny in the 21st century. It does so by interrogating the empirical economic evidence for recent growth figures on the continent. It argues the optimism that Africa is on the verge of an economic breakthrough is misplaced and needs to be set in the historical context of recurrent optimism that quickly fades under the realities of exploitation and underdevelopment in the continent. Opportunities for sustainable growth and development lie not with greater integration with the world economy but with, among other things, local political and economic struggles in Africa for greater participation in local decision making and control of international capital.
Etude de la néologie terminologique en Bantu: cas de la cilubalisation des termes français des équipements et matériels de bureau
Authors: Batumona Adi Gilbert Kadima
Published: March 2021

« L’étude de la néologie terminologique en bantu », à laquelle nous avons done consacré notre thèse de doctorat en langues et cultures africaines, a eu pour point de départ des observations passives mais soutenues que nous avons faites sur de nombreux cas en rapport avec le recours aux technologies occidentales à des fins de modernisation d’un secteur de la vie socioculturelle au Congo-Kinshasa : l’administration publique. Ces technologies occidentales non localisées et fonctionnant dans leurs langues d’origine, connaissent à leur arrivée en République démocratique du Congo une situation de sous-utilisation essentiellement due à une carence terminologique dont font montre Jes langues de ce pays d’accueil, lesquelles (langues) ne sont pas suffisamment aptes à prendre les (technologies) en charge. Nous fondant sur de riches enseignements issus de l’analyse de cene situation atypique, dans la problématique de notre thèse, nous avons fait un constat que cene modernisation de l’administration assistée avec le recours aux technologies d’importation pose, en République démocratique du Congo, un réel problème deportée organisationnelle, économique et linguistique à la fois. Les raisons qui motivent ces conclusions sont fondées sur le fait que parmi de nombreuses difficultés qu’éprouvent les utilisateurs congolais de ces technologies, figurent non seulement des difficultés de savoir en faire usage, mais également celles de trouver des termes appropriés, susceptibles de les nommer dans leurs prop res langues. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons relevé le lien entre l’économie et la linguistique et partant de cene dernière discipline, nous avons également découvert la nécessite d’une recherche néonymique devant aboutir à l’elaboration d’un outil lexicographique ou terminologique multilingue, susceptible de soutenir les utilisateurs cibles quant aux efforts d’appropriation de ces technologies dans leurs propres langues.
Performance, poverty and urban development: Kigali’s motari and the spectacle city
Authors: Rollason William
Published: March 2021

In this paper I explore tensions and conflicts over poverty reduction and urban development in Kigali, Rwanda’s capital in terms of theories of performativity. On one hand, motorcycle taxis offer large numbers of young men good livelihoods – reflecting the government of Rwanda’s stated commitment to poverty reduction, especially amongst youth; on the other, motorcycle taxi drivers suffer harassment at the hands of city authorities and police, who are keen to eradicate motorcycle taxis from the urban scene altogether. I interpret this tension as a conflict over the appropriate performance of development in the city; I argue that in pursuit of urban development, the city itself becomes an image, projected in order to attract the investment which will give body to the simulated spectacle that Kigali present. Conflicts between the city and motorcycle taxi drivers erupt because motorcycle taxis cannot perform to the aesthetic standards of the new Kigali. In conclusion, I suggest that the rendition of Kigali’s development as image has broader lessons for studies of development in general. Specifically, these conflicts expose the operation of images and their performance as political resources, conferring intelligibility and legitimacy in the spectacle of national development.
Gender equality in European Union development policy: incorporating women’s voices or confirming hierarchies?
Authors: Debusscher Petra
Published: March 2021

This paper examines gender mainstreaming in European Union (EU) development aid towards Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim is to detect how gender (in)equality in Sub-Saharan Africa is framed by the EU by critically assessing the nature and range of the differences between EU and civil society framings of gender (in)equality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the method of Critical Frame Analysis, 28 EU programming documents have been analysed and compared to 10 civil society texts on gender equality. I conclude that the EU’s approach to gender mainstreaming in its development aid towards Sub-Saharan Africa is to a large extent integrationist and predominantly instrumentalist as it is framed as a way of more effectively achieving existing policy goals. The more transformative issues that are put forward by Sub-Saharan African civil society organisations do not fit within the EU’s dominant development paradigm that is focused on achieving the Millennium Development Goals and does not significantly challenge gender relations or power structures. The gap between the analysed civil society views and those expressed by the EU can be explained by the EU’s reluctance to include in its policy drafting the promotion of gender equality by civil society organisations. Moreover, the gap seems to have both practical and ideological grounds.
Characteristics, sexual behaviour and access to health care services for sex workers in South Africa
Authors: Richter Marlise
Published: March 2021

Sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa are vulnerable to a range of factors that ill-dispose them to poor health outcomes. Their vulnerability to HIV and other STIs are many fold greater than the non-sex worker population of the same age. Health care systems world-wide are not responsive to the special needs of sex workers, and many sex workers do not receive adequate health services, education or HIV prevention tools. While the literature on female sex work in Africa is fairly robust, troubling research gaps are evident on male and transgender sex work, and the intersections of migration and sex work. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with female, male and transgender sex workers in four sites in South Africa. The research results point towards the diversity of the sex industry and the people who work in it. Sex work is an important livelihood strategy for many, and provides an income for sex workers and their extended network of dependents. Migration is a vital component in how sex worker lives and work are structured. Moreover, the article highlights the shortcomings of health care services to respond adequately to the needs of sex workers, and recommends the rolling-out of specialized, sex work-specific health care services in areas of sex work concentration, and sex work-friendly services in mainstream health care facilities in areas of low sex work concentration.
Quel régime politique pour les étatsAfricains : le cas du Togo
Authors: Koupokpa Elisée Tikonimbé
Published: March 2021

As it is the case for most of the African countries, Togo is looking for a constitutional system that fits its political, social and cultural realities. The 1990s were considered as a period of democratic revival, and from those years onwards the constitutional organization was directed towards a parliamentary type of regime which was rightfully or wrongfully seen as an instrument whereby the head of state's powers were limited. However, the unfortunate result of this kinds of organization of the political powers leads to another constitutional system which is more likely to be presidential.
The recognition of the right of children to freedom from child labour in Africa: is it enough?
Authors: Lubaale Emma Charlene
Published: March 2021

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) envisages that by 2016, no child should be engaged in any form of hazardous labour. This goal is a furtherance of the universally guaranteed right of all children to be protected from child labour. The majority of, if not all African states recognise the right of children to be protected from child labour. This means that this freedom cannot be taken away from children. This notwithstanding, Africa registers the highest incidence of child labour in the world and it is highly unlikely that with the current pace, the ILO target will be hit. This article argues that whereas recognising the right of children to be protected from child labour is an ideal perspective through which child labour should be viewed and addressed, such recognition cannot of itself form a complete solution to the problem. Translating this right into reality requires conscious efforts, not only on the part of African governments but the international community as a whole.
How Moist and Dry Intrusions Control the Local Hydrologic Cycle in Present and Future Climates
Authors: Smith Samuel , Staten Paul W. , Lu Jian
Published: March 2021

Models disagree on how much the hydrologic cycle could intensify under climate change. These changes are expected to scale with the Clausius–Clapeyron relation but may locally diverge due in part to the uncertain response of the general circulation, causing the hydrologic cycle to inherit this uncertainty. To identify how the circulation contributes, we link circulation changes to changes in the higher moments of the hydrologic cycle using the novel dynamical framework of the local hydrologic cycle, the portion of the hydrologic cycle driven by moist or dry intrusions. We expand this dynamical framework, developing a closed budget that diagnoses thermodynamic, advective, and overturning contributions to future hydrologic cycle changes. In analyzing these changes for the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble, we show that overturning is the main dynamic contributor to the tropical and subtropical annual response, consistent with a weakening of this circulation. In the extratropics, we show that advective contributions, likely from storm track changes, dominate the response. We achieve a cleaner separation between dynamic and thermodynamic contributions through a semiempirical scaling, which reveals the robustness of the Clausius–Clapeyron scaling for the local hydrologic cycle. This scaling also demonstrates the slowing of the local hydrologic cycle and how changing subtropical dynamics asymmetrically impact wave breaking and suppress meridional moisture transport. We conclude that dynamic changes in the subtropics are predominantly responsible for the annual, dynamic response in the extratropics and thus a significant contributor to uncertainty in future projections.
Sublesional Bevacizumab Injection for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: Evaluation of Utility in a Typical Clinical Practice
Authors: Hall Scott Ryan , Thiriveedi Mrudula , Yandrapalli Usha , Zhang Nan , Lott David G.
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

The goal of this study was to evaluate the benefit of sublesional bevacizumab injection for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) as used in a typical clinical practice.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients with RRP treated between 2011 and 2016 was undertaken. All patients were treated with in-office potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser photoablation. Sublesional bevacizumab injection was used based on joint patient-physician decision making. Papilloma burden was objectively measured on prior recordings by 2 blinded reviewers and described as vocal fold segments affected (VFSA) by papilloma. Each patient served as their own control by comparing times when bevacizumab was or was not used. Mixed model for longitudinal data was used to determine if the previous use of bevacizumab decreased the disease burden.

Results:

A total of 19 patients met inclusion criteria and all prior laryngoscopic exams were reviewed for VFSA as described above. The mean (SD) number of VFSA when bevacizumab was not used at the prior procedure was 15 (14) as compared to 8 (11) when bevacizumab was used. When adjusted for age, time from initial presentation and baseline disease burden, mixed model showed a decrease of 11 VFSA (95% CI 6.5, 15.5, P < .0001) when bevacizumab was used as compared to when bevacizumab was not used at the prior procedure. In mixed model analysis, there was not a significant association between bevacizumab dose used and VFSA at the subsequent visit ( P = .8).

Conclusion:

Using sublesional bevacizumab intermittently based on clinical findings appears to be effective in improving disease control. Papilloma burden is significantly decreased at the subsequent clinical follow-up following injection of sublesional bevacizumab. The beneficial effect of sublesional bevacizumab may be not be dose-dependent.
Numerical and experimental study of internal pressure behaviour of integrated and non-integrated weft-knitted reinforced composite elbows
Authors: Zeynivand Mojarrad Maryam , Dabiryan Hadi , Rezadoust Amir Masoud , Nosraty Hooshang
Published: March 2021

This research aims to study the internal pressure behaviour of integrated and non-integrated composite elbows. For this purpose, weft-knitted integrated preforms were produced on the CMC-330-TC Flat knitting machine. Composite elbows reinforced with integrated weft-knitted preform were fabricated using the bladder molding technique. In addition, the non-integrated composite elbows were provided by wrapping the weft-knitted fabric on a plaster mold and hand lay-up impregnation method. To perform the pressure test, a fixture was designed and manufactured. Produced samples were subjected to the internal pressure test. Experimental results show that integrated composite elbow has higher hydrostatic pressure resistant. The internal pressure behaviour of integrated composite was simulated using the multi-scale model. Results showed that integrated composite elbow has a higher resistance against internal pressure than non-integrated composite elbows, so that the integrated elbows failed at 12.5-bar pressure, while the non-integrated elbow failed at 9.5-bar pressure.
Regenerative Agriculture: An agronomic perspective
Authors: Giller Ken E , Hijbeek Renske , Andersson Jens A , Sumberg James
Published: March 2021

Agriculture is in crisis. Soil health is collapsing. Biodiversity faces the sixth mass extinction. Crop yields are plateauing. Against this crisis narrative swells a clarion call for Regenerative Agriculture. But what is Regenerative Agriculture, and why is it gaining such prominence? Which problems does it solve, and how? Here we address these questions from an agronomic perspective. The term Regenerative Agriculture has actually been in use for some time, but there has been a resurgence of interest over the past 5 years. It is supported from what are often considered opposite poles of the debate on agriculture and food. Regenerative Agriculture has been promoted strongly by civil society and NGOs as well as by many of the major multi-national food companies. Many practices promoted as regenerative, including crop residue retention, cover cropping and reduced tillage are central to the canon of ‘good agricultural practices’, while others are contested and at best niche (e.g. permaculture, holistic grazing). Worryingly, these practices are generally promoted with little regard to context. Practices most often encouraged (such as no tillage, no pesticides or no external nutrient inputs) are unlikely to lead to the benefits claimed in all places. We argue that the resurgence of interest in Regenerative Agriculture represents a re-framing of what have been considered to be two contrasting approaches to agricultural futures, namely agroecology and sustainable intensification, under the same banner. This is more likely to confuse than to clarify the public debate. More importantly, it draws attention away from more fundamental challenges. We conclude by providing guidance for research agronomists who want to engage with Regenerative Agriculture.
The Husband: Navigating the Relational Challenge Of Her Institutionalization Or His Widowerhood
Authors: Soulsby Laura K. , Thompson Edward H. , Bennett Kate M.
Published: March 2021

Marital status is central to one’s identity. Using interview data from US husband caregivers and British widowers, we explore how men’s relational identity as husband is maintained despite challenges as, and after, marriage ends. These data, analyzed using the constant comparative method associated with constructionist grounded theory, corroborate that the work of being married is key to identity maintenance for husbands and that the married relationship and its associated responsibilities affirm a sense of self as a man. Marriage shelters men, providing a secure place for that self-perception as a man. But a wife’s institutionalization in long-term care or widowerhood threatens the ontological security offered through marriage and prompts identity work. We extend the literature in finding that (former) husbands attempt to retain their long-term relational identity and thus remain sheltered by marriage. They reconstruct masculinity-affirming identities through activities that help them harbor their self-presentation as a (former) husband.
Dyadic Coping, Parental Warmth, and Adolescent Externalizing Behavior in Four Countries
Authors: Skinner Ann T. , Gurdal Sevtap , Chang Lei , Oburu Paul , Tapanya Sombat
Published: March 2021

This study examined parental warmth as a mediator of relations between mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of dyadic coping and adolescent externalizing outcomes. Data from 472 adolescents, mothers, and fathers were collected over a three-year period from families in China, Kenya, Sweden, and Thailand. For mothers in all four sites and fathers in three sites, better parental dyadic coping at youth age 13 years predicted higher levels of parental warmth at youth age 14 years. For mothers in all four sites, higher levels of maternal warmth were in turn related to less youth externalizing behavior at the age of 15 years, and higher levels of dyadic coping at youth age 13 years were related to less youth externalizing behavior at the age of 15 years indirectly through maternal warmth. Emotional Security Theory helps explain the process by which dyadic coping is related to adolescent externalizing behavior. The results have important implications for parent- and family-based interventions.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns After Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Patel Punam A. , Nagappan Lavanya , Yu Daohai , Liu Xiaoning , Schmalbach Cecelia E.
Published: March 2021

Objective

Postoperative prescription narcotics increase access to opioids and associated abuse among patients, family, and acquaintances. Judicious opioid stewardship is required. Best practice questions remain for larger head and neck surgeries. We aim to review opioid utilization patterns in an urban patient population to identify patients at risk for poor postoperative pain control.

Study Design

Case series with planned chart review for patients undergoing head and neck surgery (2015‐2018).

Setting

Single urban hospital.

Methods

Outcome measures included postoperative phone calls and emergency room visits as markers for inadequate pain control. Age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, comorbidities, prior narcotic filling behavior, surgery type, and duration were evaluated as potential risk factors for pain control. Chi‐square and Wilcoxon tests were used for group comparisons.

Results

In total, 215 patients met inclusion criteria: male (22%), white/Hispanic (47%), and African American (44%). Median BMI was 31.6 kg/m2; median age was 52 years. Surgeries included total thyroidectomy (41%), hemithyroidectomy (27%), and parathyroidectomy (15%). The 23‐hour observation patients (n = 175, 81%) had a median of 20 morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs). Sixteen patients experienced inadequate pain control. Female sex (P =. 03), younger age (P =. 02), current smoker (P =. 03), and higher inpatient MME (P =. 006) were associated with inadequate pain control.

Conclusion

Female sex, younger age, smokers, and high inpatient opioid dose requirements are associated with inadequately controlled pain. These patients may benefit from additional education, earlier postoperative visits, and a more comprehensive nonopioid regimen.
Rural Barriers to Surgical Care for Children With Sleep‐Disordered Breathing
Authors: Yan Flora , Levy Dylan A. , Wen Chun‐Che , Melvin Cathy L. , Ford Marvella E. , Nietert Paul J. , Pecha Phayvanh P.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To assess the impact of rural‐urban residence on children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) who were candidates for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (TA).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary children’s hospital.

Methods

A cohort of otherwise healthy children aged 2 to 18 years with a diagnosis of obstructive SDB between April 2016 and December 2018 who were recommended TA were included. Rural‐urban designation was defined by ZIP code approximation of rural‐urban commuting area codes. The main outcome was association of rurality with time to TA and loss to follow‐up using Cox and logistic regression analyses.

Results

In total, 213 patients were included (mean age 6 ± 2.9 years, 117 [55%] male, 69 [32%] rural dwelling). Rural‐dwelling children were more often insured by Medicaid than private insurance (P <. 001) and had a median driving distance of 74.8 vs 16.8 miles (P <. 001) compared to urban‐dwelling patients. The majority (94.9%) eventually underwent recommended TA once evaluated by an otolaryngologist. Multivariable logistic regression analysis did not reveal any significant predictors for loss to follow‐up in receiving TA. Cox regression analysis that adjusted for age, sex, insurance, and race showed that rural‐dwelling patients had a 30% reduction in receipt of TA over time as compared to urban‐dwelling patients (hazard ratio, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.99).

Conclusion

Rural‐dwelling patients experienced longer wait times and driving distance to TA. This study suggests that rurality should be considered a potential barrier to surgical intervention and highlights the need to further investigate geographic access as an important determinant of care in pediatric SDB.
Older Adults’ Adaptations to the Call for Social Distancing and Use of Technology: Insights From Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and Lived Experiences
Authors: Bardach Shoshana H. , Rhodus Elizabeth K. , Parsons Kelly , Gibson Allison K.
Published: March 2021

Social distancing guidelines during COVID can be isolating, especially for older adults, with potential for poor health outcomes. Technology offers opportunities for remote connection, yet, older adults’ use of and perspectives on technology during this time remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into older adults’ technology use and preferences to inform the development of a technology training intervention to support older adult well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 older adults. Interviews were analyzed using an iterative, constant comparison approach. Findings were consistent with Socioemotional Selectivity Theory; respondents were primarily interested in technology to support emotionally meaningful goals. Participants indicated limited interest in technology training, referencing diminished future time perspectives to explain disinterest. Findings suggest that efforts to encourage older adults’ expanded technology adoption should highlight how use supports emotionally meaningful goals and provide low-effort, timely training, tied to specific and clear applications.
Economic legacy effects of armed conflict: Insights from the civil war in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Heger Martin Philipp , Neumayer Eric
Published: March 2021

The province of Aceh in Indonesia provides a promising case for studying the economic legacy effects of conflict given subnational district-level data on violence and gross domestic product. We demonstrate specific negative economic legacy effects of armed conflict despite a general peace dividend: whilst all districts in Aceh grow faster after conflict ends in 2005 than during the conflict, the districts that suffered relatively more from violence during the war grow relatively more slowly during peacetime than districts that experienced relatively little violence. These negative legacy effects are relatively short-lived, however, and are no longer statistically significant from 2009 onwards.

JEL classification: O40, O47, Q54
Two-tier healthcare after Cambie
Authors: Flood Colleen M.
Published: March 2021

In 2019, a British Columbia (BC) court decided against a Charter challenge, launched by Cambie Surgical Services (a private clinic). Cambie claimed that various laws in BC suppressing a two-tier system are contrary to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and should be overturned. The trial judge carefully weighed the evidence for and against a two-tier system as a “safety valve” for long wait times in public Medicare, finding overall that two-tier will do more harm than good in the BC context. It is a small victory and a reprieve for public Medicare, which is increasingly under attack from various forms of privatization. But the courts cannot save healthcare on their own nor should they be expected to. The commitment and participation of all levels of government to improving waiting times is crucial.
The Role of Emotion in Job Search Behavior Among College Students
Authors: Kim Eunjin , Lee Bora
Published: March 2021

Korean college students preparing to enter the world of work are going through a long-term process of job searching. During the process, individuals experience various emotions, which can motivate (or demotivate) them to keep going. The present study, grounded in motivational systems theory, examined the roles of emotions in job search behavior. A sample of 116 college students, who were seeking a job for the first time, participated. Using three-wave longitudinal data and multilevel modeling, within- and between-person-level associations were examined. The outcome variables were job search behavior and the number of resumes submitted. The results showed that individuals who experience more positive emotions and negative emotions were more likely to engage in job search behavior at both the within- and between-person levels. However, the number of resumes submitted was not significantly related to positive or negative emotions. The implications of the study were discussed.
Use of reference management software among postgraduate students in Greece
Authors: Nitsos Ilias , Malliari Afrodite , Chamouroudi Rodopi
Published: March 2021

The use of reference management software in the context of academic work and research is the main subject of this study. The study focuses on the extent to which postgraduate students at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, one of the largest Greek universities, make use of – or avoid using – reference management software tools to organize their bibliographic databases and to automate the process of creating references and citations. The study also tries to find out which are the key factors for their choices and whether certain background characteristics affect their behavior. It should be mentioned that no previous studies have been conducted in Greece regarding the use of reference management software in the academic environment. An online questionnaire was sent to the postgraduate students at the University and a result set of 545 responses was collected and analyzed. The majority (almost two-thirds) of the respondents identified themselves as non-users and one-third identified themselves as reference management software users. Among the latter, Mendeley was found to be the software used by more than two-thirds of the users and was followed by EndNote and Zotero. It is worth mentioning that Mendeley is the software officially recommended by the University’s central library to its users but most of the students (more than 60%) were not aware of this fact. In terms of background characteristics, the analysis revealed, among other things, statistically significant relationships between degree level, student discipline and preferences, reference management software features, and potential future use of reference management software.
Review the Use of Antivirus for COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Prayitno Lukman , Mawuntu Julien Rosye , Herna  , Angkasawati Tri Juni
Published: March 2021

On 31 January 2020, World announced COVID-19 as an Emergency Public Health of International Concern. The number of patients in Indonesia continues to grow. Anti-viral in the COVID-19 Drug Information Laboratory in Indonesia are Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Favipiravir, Remdemsivir, Oseltamivir, Chloroquine Phosphate and Hydroxychloroquine Phosphate. Therefore, it is necessary to know the basis and management of its use. An online systematic search was performed on articles published until 30 March 2020. We use search keywords that are tailored to the purpose of writing. All six antivirals were used for the treatment of RNA virus. Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Remdesivir effectively control the SARS-CoV2 virus invitro. Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Hydroxychloroquine and Oseltamivir have been used clinically for the treatment of SARS-CoV2 virus. In 2020, there are 42 clinical trials of six antivirals. Guidance of the antivirus are from China, Belgium and Indonesia. Its differences are based on the patient’s condition. There is a lack of evidence of six antiviral effectiveness against the SARS-CoV2 virus. It has been used for other RNA viruses. It is supported by a safety profile. In a pandemic situation and the absence of a specific antivirus, the use of the six antiviruses can be done and be useful.
Utilizing technology to enhance laboratory–client interaction while encouraging best behavior
Authors: Woodard Katie , Kraft Jordan , Adhikari Shiva , Patanroi Daniel , Crim Bret , Berghefer Randy , Main Rodger
Published: March 2021

As client interactions with veterinary diagnostic laboratories have evolved, so have client expectations: faster results, enhanced accessibility to cases, and more seamless data transfer from the laboratory database; all of these factors have encouraged the evolution of diagnostic laboratory systems. This evolution started with 24-h access to laboratory results via the web, yet data quality remained at the mercy of the person filling out the form. If bad (incomplete) information was flowing in, then the data coming out was equally bad (incomplete or inconsistent). By designing a web-based system integrated into our existing reporting platform, the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL) set out to improve the quality of submission data by including the premises identification number (PIN) and obtaining consistent location data, all while presenting to the client an easy-to-use interface. Efforts continued by incentivizing the use of this tool and client submission practices. As clients transitioned, data have become more complete, resulting in easier queries and an improved ability to leverage the diagnostic data. To further enhance the client experience, a streamlined daily reporting summary was designed to communicate laboratory results succinctly. The use of these web-based tools had a positive impact on the quality and consistency of the diagnostic data. As new ideas develop, the ISU-VDL strives to foster continuous improvement and positively impact the clients’ experience.
Uncertainty quantification for the distribution-to-warping function regression method used in distribution reconstruction of missing structural health monitoring data
Authors: Chen Zhicheng , Lei Xinyi , Bao Yuequan , Deng Fan , Zhang Yufeng , Li Hui
Published: March 2021

Data loss is a common problem of structural health monitoring and adversely affects many structural health monitoring applications. Tremendous progress in missing structural health monitoring data imputation has been made in recent years, forming an important part of sensor validation. Most of the imputed data are based on estimates obtained by data-driven statistical or machine learning models; quantifying their estimation uncertainties is significant in terms of being able to perform accuracy assessments and providing more insights into the imputed data. However, this procedure has been surprisingly neglected in the structural health monitoring community. This article focuses on uncertainty quantification for the distribution-to-warping function regression method (an indirect distribution-to-distribution regression method) used in reconstructing distributions of missing data. The distribution-to-warping function regression method belongs to the framework of functional data analysis as both the predictor and response are continuous functions. The challenge of performing uncertainty quantification for the distribution-to-warping function regression method comes not only from the functional nature of warping functions but also from their inherent constraints. To this end, a functional transformation is employed to transform warping functions into a vector space, and the confidence estimation for the regression operator is conducted in the vector space based on functional principal component analysis and bootstrapping. Then, the confidence region of the conditional expectation of missing distribution (caused by data loss) can be further estimated and visualized. In addition, a calibration processing procedure is also considered to obtain improved estimates of the confidence intervals with a better coverage accuracy under the desired probability. Simulation studies are conducted to validate and illustrate the proposed method, and then, it is applied to field strain monitoring data.
Psychological Science Is Not Race Neutral
Authors: Dupree Cydney H. , Kraus Michael W.
Published: March 2021

In their analysis in a previous issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, Roberts and colleagues argued that the editors, authors, and participants throughout subfields of psychological science are overwhelmingly White. In this commentary, we consider some of the drivers and consequences of this racial inequality. Drawing on race scholarship from within and outside the field, we highlight three phenomena that create and maintain racial inequality in psychology: (a) racial ignorance, (b) threats to belonging, and (c) racial-progress narratives. We close by exploring steps that journals and authors can take to reduce racial inequality in our field, ending with an appeal to consider the experience of scholars of color in race scholarship and in psychological science more broadly.