bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Afebrile tuberculous prostatic abscess with rectal fistula after intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin immunotherapy
Authors: Sawada Tatsuhiro , Igarashi Ayaka , Arai Seiji , Ohtsu Akira , Fujizuka Yuji , Nakazawa Shun , Sekine Yoshitaka , Koike Hidekazu , Furuya Yosuke , Suzuki Kazuhiro
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin immunotherapy is generally a safe treatment for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer but sometimes causes complications.

Case presentation

The patient was an 80‐year‐old man who had undergone Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin immunotherapy for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Two months later, he developed an irregular pelvic mass surrounding the prostate and rectum with no fever. A colonoscopy showed purulent mucus discharge in the lower rectum, and a CT‐guided needle biopsy revealed epithelioid granuloma containing Langhans giant cells. Although acid‐fast bacteria culture and PCR of biopsy samples were negative, he was clinically diagnosed with Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin‐related tuberculous prostatic abscess spreading to the rectum. After receiving combined antitubercular drugs for 6 months, his discomfort disappeared with almost complete shrinkage of the prostatic abscess.

Conclusion

Tuberculous prostatic abscess is a rare complication associated with Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin immunotherapy and sometimes induces rectal fistula. Conservative treatment with antitubercular drugs is efficient and safe for treatment of tuberculous prostatic abscess.
Role of the initiation factor 3 in the fidelity of initiator tRNA selection on ribosome
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Varshney Umesh
Published: November 2024

Initiation factors play critical roles in fine‐tuning translation initiation, which is the first and the rate‐limiting step in protein synthesis. In bacteria, initiation factors, IF1, IF2 and IF3 work in concert to accurately position the initiator tRNA (i‐tRNA) in its formyl‐aminoacyl form, and the mRNA start codon at the ribosomal P‐site, setting the stage for accommodation of the aminoacyl‐tRNA in response to the second codon, and formation of the first peptide bond. Among these, IF3 is particularly crucial in ensuring the fidelity of translation initiation as it is involved in the accuracy of the selection of i‐tRNA and the start codon. The two‐domains (N‐ and C‐terminal) dumbbell shaped structure and dynamics of IF3 significantly influence its fidelity function. This review explores how the N‐ and C‐terminal domains of IF3 communicate with each other and how their interaction with i‐tRNA helps to maintain the fidelity of translation initiation.
Design of PEG‐Based Hydrogels as Soft Ionic Conductors
Authors: Rodriguez‐Rivera Gabriel J. , Xu Fei , Laude Madeline , Shah Vani , Nkansah Abbey , Bashe Derek , Lan Ziyang , Chwatko Malgorzata , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Conductive hydrogels have gained interest in biomedical applications and soft electronics. To tackle the challenge of ionic hydrogels falling short of desired mechanical properties in previous studies, our investigation aimed to understand the pivotal structural factors that impact the conductivity and mechanical behavior of polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based hydrogels with ionic conductivity. Polyether urethane diacrylamide (PEUDAm), a functionalized long‐chain macromer based on PEG, was used to synthesize hydrogels with ionic conductivity conferred by incorporating ions into the liquid phase of the hydrogel. The impact of salt concentration, water content, temperature, and gel formation on both mechanical properties and conductivity was characterized to establish parameters for tuning hydrogel properties. To further expand the range of conductivity available in these ionic hydrogels, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) was incorporated as a single copolymer network or double network configuration. As expected, conductivity in these ionic gels was primarily driven by ion diffusivity and charge density, which were dependent on hydrogel network formation and swelling. Copolymer network structure had minimal effect on the conductivity, which was primarily driven by counter‐ion equilibrium; however, the mechanical properties and equilibrium swelling were strongly dependent on network structure. The structure–property relationships elucidated here enable the rationale design of this new double network hydrogel to achieve target properties for a broad range of biomedical applications.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in Poly‐Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate/Acrylamide Membrane Trigger the Key Events of Full‐Thickness Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Saha Sankhadip , Roy Suman , Jana Sonali , Sarkar Tuhin , Chanda Swapno , Datta Pradyot , Chakraborty Bijayashree , Mondal Samiran , Halder Samar , Kundu Biswanath , Nandi Samit Kumar
Published: November 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are known to possess anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties and find wide application in the preparation of topical ointments. Wound dressings in the form of hydrogels can replenish the wound microenvironment to aid the healing process in a multidimensional way. We have fabricated a composite hydrogel using 1–3 wt. % ZnO nano‐particles, synthesized by chelation reaction, and poly‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA)/acrylamide, synthesized, and co‐polymerized in 8 kGy gamma irradiation. Developed powders and composite membranes have been thoroughly analyzed for XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX mapping, DTA/TGA, particle size, shape, morphology, porosity, water uptake, and contact angle. Thermally stable phase‐pure ZnO spherical nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 40 ± 2 nm have been used for fabricating well‐dispersed composite with contact angle varying 78o–88o. These membranes, when used in vivo, rendered a suitable environment conducive to tissue regeneration and ECM component deposition sequentially. Endowed with antibacterial properties, these hydrogels also demonstrated excelling swelling capacity which proved beneficial in maintaining a moist wound environment aiding in the healing process. An earlier wound closure was achieved with 2%–3% ZnO‐pHEMA/acrylamide hydrogels which demonstrate the potential of ZnO nanoparticles in signaling and instructing the wound bed milieu towards the efficient repair.
Skeletal Muscle 31P MR Spectroscopy Surpasses CT in Predicting Patient Survival After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kyselova Denisa , Mikova Irena , Sedivy Petr , Dezortova Monika , Hajek Milan , Mares Jan , Tupy Marek , Kautznerova Dana , Kysela Marek , Fronek Jiri , Spicak Julius , Trunecka Pavel
Published: November 2024

Background

Skeletal muscle alterations are associated with higher mortality and morbidity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Assessing these changes seems to be a promising method for identifying patients at a high risk of poor outcomes following liver transplantation (LT). This is particularly important given the current global shortage of organ donors. However, evidence of the impact of these alterations on the prognosis of patients undergoing LT is inconclusive. The aim of our prospective study was to evaluate the impact of skeletal muscle changes, reflected in sarcopenia, myosteatosis and metabolic changes in the calf muscles, on perioperative outcomes and long‐term survival after LT. We also sought to determine the posttransplant evolution of the resting muscle metabolism.

Methods

We examined 134 adult LT candidates. Of these, 105 underwent LT. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were diagnosed by measuring the skeletal muscle index and mean psoas muscle radiation attenuation, respectively, which were obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans taken during pretransplant assessment. Additionally, patients underwent 31P MR spectroscopy (MRS) of the calf muscles at rest before LT and 6, 12 and 24 months thereafter. The median follow‐up was 6 years.

Results

Patients with abnormal 31P MRS results and CT‐diagnosed myosteatosis prior to LT had significantly worse long‐term survival after LT (hazard ratio (HR), 3.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–7.60; p = 0.0021 and HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.06–6.29; p = 0.03, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that abnormal 31P MR spectra (HR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.50–7.71; p = 0.003) were a better predictor of worse long‐term survival after LT than myosteatosis (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.14–6.78; p = 0.025). Patients with abnormal 31P MR spectra had higher blood loss during LT (p = 0.038), required a higher number of red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.006) and stayed longer in ICU (p = 0.041) and hospital (p = 0.007). Myosteatosis was associated with more revision surgeries following LT (p = 0.038) and a higher number of received red blood cell transfusion units (p = 0.002). Sarcopenia had no significant effect on posttransplant patient survival. An improvement in the resting metabolism of the calf muscles was observed at 12 and 24 months after LT.

Conclusions

Abnormal 31P MRS results of calf muscles were superior to CT‐based diagnosis of myosteatosis and sarcopenia in predicting perioperative complications and long‐term survival after LT. Resting muscle metabolism normalized 1 year after LT in most recipients.
Skeletal Muscle Index Changes on Locoregional Treatment Application After FOLFIRINOX and Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Min Ji Hye , Yu Jeong Il , Kim Seong Hyun , Kim Young Kon , Kim Kangpyo , Park Hee Chul , Park Joon Oh , Hong Jung Yong , Lee Kyu Taek , Lee Kwang Hyuck , Lee Jong Kyun , Park Joo Kyung , Choi Jin Ho , Heo Jin Seok , Han In Woong , Kim Hongbeom , Shin Sang Hyun , Yoon So Jung , Woo Sook‐young
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients with borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) require complex management strategies. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of the perichemotherapy skeletal muscle index (SMI) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) in patients with BRPC or LAPC treated with FOLFIRINOX.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 227 patients with BR or LAPC who received at least four cycles of chemotherapy between 2015 and 2020. We analysed chemotherapy response, changes in SMI (ΔSMI, %) on computed tomography (CT) and CA19‐9 to determine their impact on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). After the early application of loco‐regional treatments (LRT) within 3 months after completing four cycles of chemotherapy, the outcomes were compared between ΔSMI and CA19‐9 subgroups.

Results

Among 227 patients (median age, 60 years; 124 [54.6%] male) with 97 BR and 130 LAPC, 50.7% showed partial response (PR) to chemotherapy, 44.5% showed stable disease and 4.8% showed progressive disease (PD). Post‐chemotherapy CA19‐9 levels were normalized in 41.0% of patients. The high and low ΔSMI groups (based on the gender‐specific cut‐off of −8.6% for males and −2.9% for females) comprised 114 (50.2%) and 113 (49.8%) patients, respectively. The high ΔSMI group had poorer survival rates than the low ΔSMI group in both PFS (HR = 1.32, p = 0.05) and OS (HR = 1.74, p = 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that ΔSMI (high vs. low; PFS, HR = 1.39, p = 0.03; OS, HR = 1.82, p < 0.001) and post‐chemotherapy response (PD vs. PR/SD; PFS, HR = 18.69, p < 0.001; OS, HR = 6.19, p < 0.001) were independently associated with both PFS and OS. Additionally, the post‐chemotherapy CA19‐9 (≥ 37 vs. < 37; HR = 1.48, p = 0.01) was an independent predictor for PFS. Early application of LRT after chemotherapy significantly improved PFS and OS in both ΔSMI groups (all p < 0.05). However, it was not beneficial in the group with high ΔSMI and post‐chemotherapy CA19‐9 ≥ 37 (PFS, p = 0.39 and OS, p = 0.33).

Conclusions

Progressive sarcopenic deterioration after four cycles of chemotherapy was associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with BR or LAPC after FOLFIRINOX. We also investigated the optimal clinical setting for the early application LRTs using the ΔSMI and post‐chemotherapy CA 19‐9.
Fetal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: History, Current Status, and Future Directions
Authors: Suchá Dominika , Bohte Anneloes E. , van Ooij Pim , Leiner Tim , Schrauben Eric M. , Grotenhuis Heynric B.
Published: November 2024

Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a complementary modality for prenatal imaging in suspected congenital heart disease. Ongoing technical improvements extend the potential clinical value of fetal cardiovascular MRI. Ascertaining equivocal prenatal diagnostics obtained with ultrasonography allows for appropriate parental counseling and planning of postnatal surgery. This work summarizes current acquisition techniques and clinical applications of fetal cardiovascular MRI in the prenatal diagnosis and follow‐up of fetuses with congenital heart disease.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Global Climatology of Rapid Expansion of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Zhang Weiling , Chan Kelvin T. F. , Xu Lifeng
Published: November 2024

Rapid expansion (RE) of tropical cyclones (TCs) is a structural evolution that specifies the dramatic geometric synthesis increase in TC size. Its destructive potential is comparable or even more pronounced than that by the TC rapid intensification but receives limited attention. In this study, we utilise the ERA5‐derived 41‐year (1979–2019) global climatology of TC outer size data (i.e., effective azimuthal‐area‐average radius of 34‐kt gale‐force surface winds, R34EFF) to define RE and reveal the global climatology of RE for the first time, where RE is defined as the 90th percentile of global expanding samples (i.e., ΔR34EFF > 50 NM per 24 h; 1 NM = 1.852 km). Statistics show that 32% of all TCs underwent RE at least once during their lifetime. Climatologically, the proportion of RE decreased significantly in the globe (7%) and Northern Hemisphere (9%), particularly in the western North Pacific (8%). Seasonally, the RE proportion peaks in the early and late TC seasons. Spatiotemporally, distinct spatiotemporal variations and interdecadal changes of RE are found. In view of TC lifecycle, TCs likely reach their lifetime maximum intensity and lifetime maximum size after RE initiation. The duration of RE varies widely from basin to basin, while its seasonal variability is relatively smaller. Regarding the relationship between RE and TC intensity, the intensity of rapidly expanding TCs may increase or decrease with the former being more likely. The initial size and intensity of rapidly expanding TCs tend to be small (45 NM) and weak (60 kt), respectively. This study advances the understanding of RE from a global perspective, laying important groundwork for future study.
Leveraging AI models for lesion detection in osteonecrosis of the femoral head and T1‐weighted MRI generation from radiographs
Authors: Shinohara Issei , Inui Atsuyuki , Hwang Katherine , Murayama Masatoshi , Susuki Yosuke , Uno Tomohiro , Gao Qi , Morita Mayu , Chow Simon Kwoon‐Ho , Tsubosaka Masanori , Mifune Yutaka , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: November 2024

This study emphasizes the importance of early detection of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in young patients on long‐term glucocorticoid therapy, including those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lupus, and other diagnoses. While X‐ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are standard imaging methods for staging ONFH, MRI can be costly and time‐consuming. The research focuses on utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the evaluation of radiographic images for ONFH detection. The study involved analyzing X‐ray and MRI from 102 control hips and 104 ONFH‐affected hips at Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) Stage II and IIIa. We employed transfer learning with the YOLOv8 model for object detection, using 80% of the data for training and 20% for validation, then assessed detection accuracy through mean average precision (mAP) and a precision‐recall curve. Additionally, AI generated synthetic MRI (sMRI) from X‐ray images using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and evaluated their similarity to original MRI. Results showed that the mAP for ONFH detection was 0.923 for the YOLOv8n model and 0.951 for YOLOv8x. The GAN‐generated sMRI exhibited lower image quality compared with originals but maintained potential for lesion assessment. Intrarater reliability among evaluators was high. The findings indicate that AI techniques, particularly YOLOv8 for object detection and GAN for image generation, can effectively assist in ONFH screening, despite some limitations in the generated MRI quality.
Value‐Focused Thinking and Interpretive Structural Modeling in the Development of Resilience‐Enhancing Initiatives in SMEs
Authors: Gonçalves Jorge , Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Milici Alexandra , Ferreira Neuza C. M. Q. F.
Published: November 2024

Following the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic, small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) have faced growing challenges that underscore the critical need for enhanced organizational resilience. This study aims to bridge the gap in resilience research by offering a structured and practical decision‐support tool to enhance the resilience of SMEs. Adopting a multiple‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, combining value‐focused thinking (VFT), and interpretative structural modeling (ISM), the study identifies and prioritizes key initiatives and factors affecting SME resilience. Specifically, using a constructivist, process‐oriented methodology, we engaged an expert panel from diverse sectors, including technology, manufacturing, and services, to collaboratively develop a group cognitive map and an interpretive model that guide resilience‐building efforts. The findings highlight a hierarchy of resilience determinants, offering actionable insights for SME managers to structure and implement targeted resilience‐enhancing strategies. The originality of this study lies in its dynamic decision‐support approach, tailored specifically for SMEs, which is particularly relevant in today's volatile, post‐pandemic business environment. The results provide a significant contribution to the field by addressing critical gaps in SME resilience research and offering practical tools for organizational planning.
A novel polysaccharide from Macadamia peel: Extraction, purification, structural characterization and antioxidant activity
Authors: Guo Gangjun , Xu Wenting , Fu Jiarong , Ma Shangxuan , Huang Kechang , Wei Yuanmiao , Yang Yuexue , Lan Xiuhua , He Xiyong
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Macadamia peels are the main by‐product of postharvest treatment of the whole fresh fruit weight, they contain various bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and other nutritional and functional components, that are known to have anti‐tumor and anti‐oxidation functions.

RESULTS

Two purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained (MPP‐1 and MPP‐2) by extracting with ultrasonic‐microwave‐aided water extraction and purifying by with DEAE‐52 and Sephadex G‐50 columns, and then characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and NMR, and the antioxidant activity was also investigated. The results indicated that MPP‐1 and MPP‐2 were mainly glucose, the molecular weight was 8.16 kDa and 7.73 kDa, respectively. Methylation with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and NMR analyses confirmed that two fractions comprised of →4) ‐α‐d‐ Glcp ‐(1→, →6) ‐β‐d‐ Glcp ‐(1→ and →3,4) ‐β‐d‐ Glcp ‐(1→) as the main chain. In addition, MPP‐1 and MPP‐2 polysaccharides showed significant antioxidant activity with respect to 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl group and reducing power, and MPP‐2 demonstrated excellent antioxidant activities compared to MPP‐1 with IC50 values of 35.12, 18.82 and 40.12 μg mL−1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The novel polysaccharide, MPP‐1 and MPP‐2, mainly containing glucose, showed significant antioxidant activity with respect to DPPH, hydroxyl group and reducing power. This study has enhanced waste utilization and reduced environmental pollution, providing some inspiration for the reuse of the waste generated during agricultural production. It may bring good prospects for their use as antioxidants in functional foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Space‐Time Knife‐Edge in Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Films for Ultrafast Pulse Characterization
Authors: Ball Adam , Secondo Ray , Fomra Dhruv , Wu Jingwei , Saha Samprity , Agrawal Amit , Lezec Henri , Kinsey Nathaniel
Published: November 2024

Epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) materials have shown strong refractive nonlinearities that can be fast in an absolute sense. While continuing to advance fundamental science, such as time varying interactions, the community is still searching for an application that can effectively make use of the strong index modulation offered. Here, the effect of strong space‐time index modulation in ENZ materials is combined with the beam deflection technique to introduce a new approach to optical pulse characterization that is termed a space‐time knife edge. It is shown that in this approach, temporal and spatial information of a Gaussian beam can be extracted with only two time resolved measurements. The approach achieves this without phase‐matching requirements (<1 µm thick) and can achieve a high signal to noise ratio by combining the system with lock‐in detection, facilitating the measurement of weak refractive index changes (Δn 10−5) for low intensity beams. Thus, the space‐time knife edge can offer a new avenue for ultrafast light measurement and demonstrates a use case of ENZ materials. In support of this, temporal dynamics for refractive index changes in non‐colinear experiments opening avenues are outlined for better theoretical understanding of both the spatial and temporal dynamics of emerging ENZ films.
Swelling‐Shrinking Behavior of a Hydrogel with a CO2‐Switchable Volume Phase Transition Temperature
Authors: Sergi Sarah R. , Hastie James J. , Smith Finlay J. M. , Devlin Abigail G. , Bury Elizabeth G. , Paterson Mara L. , Kosednar Sophia B. , Sefcik Lauren S. , Gordon Melissa B.
Published: November 2024

Macromolecules exhibit rich phase behavior that may be exploited for advanced material design. In particular, the volume phase transition in certain crosslinked hydrogels is a key property controlling the transition between a collapsed/dehydrated and a swollen/hydrated state, thereby regulating the release and absorption of water via a temperature change. In this work, a simple and tunable system exhibiting a carbon dioxide (CO2)‐switchable volume phase transition is introduced, which displays isothermal swelling‐shrinking behavior that is activated by addition and removal of CO2, respectively. Through systematic compositional studies, shifts in phase transition temperatures of up to 8.6 °C are measured upon CO2 exposure, which enables pronounced isothermal swelling in response to CO2, reaching up to a fivefold increase in mass. The shift in transition temperature and the extent of swelling are controlled by the hydrogel composition, thus enabling the transition temperature and swelling degree to be tuned a priori for a particular application. Controlled release experiments from these gels upon a CO2‐induced phase transition suggest viability for drug delivery applications. It is anticipated that this work will motivate and expand efforts to exploit phase behavior for smart material development.
Stretchable and Self‐Adhesive Conductors for Smart Epidermal Electronics
Authors: Wang Lin , Kong Desheng
Published: November 2024

Epidermal electronics utilize deformable devices that are seamlessly integrated into the body for various cutting‐edge applications. Stretchable conductors are essential for creating electrodes in these devices, allowing them to interface with the skin for sensing and stimulation. Despite considerable progress in improved deformability, these conductors may not easily adhere to the skin for long‐term use. There is a growing interest in imparting self‐adhesive properties to epidermal devices to ensure secure integration with the body. This article focuses on the emerging field of stretchable and self‐adhesive conductors. It explores the design strategy required to enable stretchability and conformability in these materials and discusses their pivotal applications in smart epidermal electronics. Additionally, this article also addresses the current challenges and future directions in this dynamic area of research.
Hot deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of Ti−3Mo−6Cr−3Al−3Sn titanium alloy
Authors: Liu X. , Zhang H. , Wang S. , Zhang S. , Zhou G. , Chen L. , Cheng J. , Jiang Y. , Wang Y.
Published: November 2024

The hot compression experiments were performed at a deformation temperature of 720 °C to 870 °C and a strain rate of 0.0005 s−1 to 5 s−1. The strain‐compensated Arrhenius constitutive equation and the hot processing map at a strain of 0.6 were established, and the dynamic recrystallization behaviors of the alloy in different power dissipation (η) regions were studied. The results show that the correlation coefficient (R) and average relative errors (AARE) of the established constitutive equations are 0.999 % and 2.523 % in the β phase region, and 0.988 % and 7.709 % in the α+β phase region, respectively. The hot processing map shows that the deformation parameters in the high power dissipation regions range from 810 °C to 870 °C/0.0005 s−1 to 0.005 s−1, accompanied by a power dissipation factor of 0.41 to 0.55. These regions result from a combination of continuous and discontinuous recrystallization mechanisms. With the decrease in the power dissipation value, the appearance of deformation bands (DBs) and localized flow (FL) in the microstructure increased.
A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Emran , Biglari Sajjad , Mosallaei Meysam , Khorshid Hamid Reza Khorram , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin
Published: November 2024

Objective

Mammalian Diaphanous‐Related Formin (mDia1), which is encoded by the DIAPH1 gene, serves as essential for the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. The role of DIAPH1 in brain development has been extensively established. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, neuroradiological, and genetic characteristics of patients with DIAPH1‐related disease and determine probable genotype–phenotype relationships.

Methods

In the current study, exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic basis of the clinical presentation in an Iranian 7‐year‐old boy. Validation of the detected variant was done by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature.

Results

Here, we detected a novel homozygous c.1285C> T (p.Gln429*) pathogenic variant in the patient. In silico analysis with prediction software tools identified this variant as a probable source of damage. Twenty cases from seven studies were found after a review of the literature. The patients' main symptoms were a developmental delay, microcephaly, and seizures. The mean age of onset for patients in the group of 20 patients with a known age of onset was 2.3 months (SD = 1.6). Of the variants identified, c.2769del, c.684+1G>A, and c.2332C> T were identified in 72% of the patients.

Conclusion

Considering the variant's position in the gene and the encoding protein, a pathogenic effect is predicted for the variant. So, the patient's clinical manifestation is probably caused by this pathogenic variant. Moreover, by studying clinical manifestations in all molecularly confirmed reported cases, provided a comprehensive overview of clinical presentation, and attempted to find a genotype–phenotype correlation.
Leveraging diverse perspectives for holistic patient care
Authors: Chhatwal Jasleen
Published: November 2024

In recent years, mental health care has evolved to prioritize more holistic and collaborative approaches, with an increasing focus on the benefits of interdisciplinary, integrated and integrative care. Mental health disorders are inherently complex, with each patient presenting a different constellation of symptoms, histories and contributing factors. No single discipline holds all the answers to these intricate issues.
Behavioral Health Workforce Career Navigator launched
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2024

In recognition of National Career Development Day, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) announced on Nov. 13 the launch of the Behavioral Health Workforce Career Navigator, designed to help current and aspiring behavioral health professionals identify state requirements for a range of behavioral health careers, according to a SAMHSA release. The navigator supports President Biden and Vice President Harris' commitment to expanding America's behavioral health workforce, a key element of the Administration's Unity Agenda for the Nation.
The Chemical Space Spanned by Manually Curated Datasets of Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Activities against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Betow Jude Y. , Turon Gemma , Metuge Clovis S. , Akame Simeon , Shu Vanessa A. , Ebob Oyere T. , Duran‐Frigola Miquel , Ntie‐Kang Fidele
Published: November 2024

Diseases caused by viruses are challenging to contain, as their outbreak and spread could be very sudden, compounded by rapid mutations, making the development of drugs and vaccines a continued endeavour that requires fast discovery and preparedness. Targeting viral infections with small molecules remains one of the treatment options to reduce transmission and the disease burden. A lesson learned from the recent coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is to collect ready‐to‐screen small molecule libraries in preparation for the next viral outbreak, and potentially find a clinical candidate before it becomes a pandemic. Public availability of diverse compound libraries, well annotated in terms of chemical structures and scaffolds, modes of action, and bioactivities are, therefore, crucial to ensure the participation of academic laboratories in these screening efforts, especially in resource‐limited settings where synthesis, testing and computing capacity are scarce. Here, we demonstrate a low‐resource approach to populate the chemical space of naturally occurring and synthetic small molecules that have shown in vitro and/or in vivo activities against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its target proteins. We have manually curated two datasets of small molecules (naturally occurring and synthetically derived) by reading and collecting (hand‐curating) the published literature. Information from the literature reveals that a majority of the reported SARS‐CoV‐2 compounds act by inhibiting the main protease, while 25% of the compounds currently have no known target. Scaffold analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the most common scaffolds in the datasets are quite distinct. We then expanded the initially manually curated dataset of over 1200 compounds via an ultra‐large scale 2D and 3D similarity search, obtaining an expanded collection of over 150 k purchasable compounds. The spanned chemical space significantly extends beyond that of a commercially available coronavirus library of more than 20 k small molecules and constitutes a good starting collection for virtual screening campaigns given its manageable size and proximity to hand‐curated compounds.
A Circularly Polarized Filtering Patch Antenna Based on Parasitic Patches With Slots
Authors: Mao Jingjing , Zhou Shigang , Zhang Jiamin , Du Yu , Li Jianying
Published: November 2024

A circularly polarized (CP) filtering patch antenna based on parasitic patches with slots is presented. The structure consists of one CP feeding network, one driven patch, and two parasitic patches. Two radiation nulls (RNs) are caused when the parasitic patches with slots are introduced, and the locations of RNs could be controlled by the slot length. Besides, the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth are both improved compared to the antenna without parasitic patches. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The impedance bandwidth is 14.9% (3.42–3.97 GHz), and the 3‐dB AR bandwidth is 8.9% (3.53–3.86 GHz). The realized gain at center frequency of 3.70 GHz is high up to 8.1 dBiC. Two radiation nulls at 2.95 and 4.55 GHz are generated. The proposed CP filtering antenna has the advantages of simple structure and easy fabrication, and can be a promising choice for wireless communications.
Unlocking insights on high‐resolution vessel wall imaging's role in acute ischemic stroke management: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Haradwala Mohamed Bilal , Mahmoud Esmat , Isufi Edvin , Nada Ayman
Published: November 2024

The application of vessel wall imaging (VWI) MRI technique has emerged as a valuable tool in characterizing atherosclerotic plaques within both stenotic and non‐stenotic vessels. In this case series, we focused on the clinical‐radiologic correlation for a series of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who underwent VWI. Eight patients with AIS within the anterior and posterior circulation underwent further comprehensive evaluation with high‐resolution VWI. Through meticulous examination of plaque morphology and enhancement patterns on VWI, we gleaned invaluable insights into identifying high‐risk plaques. These high‐risk plaques, such as ruptured or ulcerative lesions, significantly elevate the potential risk of developing AIS. By stratifying atherosclerotic plaques using VWI, we can tailor treatment strategies to individual patients. This tailored approach may involve a combination of different medications, endovascular therapy, or follow‐up with conventional cerebral angiography. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of VWI in guiding personalized treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes in AIS management.
Glucose and cerebral blood volume index as predictors of ambulatory function for patients presenting with ultra‐large core infarctions
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R. , Yang Hongmei , Strong Dale , Rhoten Jeremy B. , Clemente Jonathan D. , Defilipp Gary , Patel Nikhil M. , Bernard Joe D. , Stetler William R. , Parish Jonathan M. , Hines Andrew U. , Patel Harsh N. , Guzik Amy K. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Helms Anna Maria , Macko Lauren , Williams Laura , Retelski Julia , Asimos Andrew W.
Published: November 2024

Background and Purpose

Acute stroke patients with large core infarctions have poor neurological outcomes, irrespective of treatment. While thrombectomy has efficacy, subsets of large core patients were under‐represented in recently reported clinical trials.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients presenting to a large health system between January 2023 and May 2024 with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) core infarction ≥ 100 milliliters (mL). We studied predictors of independent ambulatory function at discharge (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score: 0–3) by performing a multivariable logistic regression analysis. We also report functional outcomes in patients treated with thrombectomy versus medical management.

Results

Fifty‐five patients (mean age 64.7 [± 15] years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]: 21 [18–24]) met inclusion criteria. Median core and mismatch volumes were 127 mL (115–170 mL) and 84 mL (45–115 mL), respectively. Initial glucose (per 1‐point increase in milligrams/deciliter, OR: 0.973, 95% CI: 0.939–0.996, p = .049) and CTP cerebral blood volume (CBV) index (per 0.1‐unit increase, OR 2.138, 95% CI: 1.203–4.405, p = .018) independently predicted discharge mRS score 0–3. Treatment with thrombectomy did not predict the primary outcome.

Conclusions

In our series, lower presenting glucose and more favorable CTP CBV index predicted independent discharge ambulatory function in patients with core infarctions ≥ 100 mL, while thrombectomy did not. These factors may inform treatment teams and serve as selection tools in future studies of under‐represented patients in recently reported large core thrombectomy clinical trials.
Mediating Effect Of Stress Response and Grit On the Relationship Between Stress and Depression In Nursing Students: Emperical Research Quantitative
Authors: Jeon Jaehee , Choi Seunghye
Published: November 2024

Aims

To explore the prevalence of depression amongst Korean nursing students and to identify the mediating effect of stress response and grit in the relationship between stress and depression in the same population.

Design

A total of 184 nursing students from Korea were included. This study was cross‐sectional with a structured questionnaire that included stress, stress response, grit, and depression.

Methods

The study participants were university students from four nursing colleges located in the metropolitan area and Gangwon‐do in South Korea. The data collection period spanned from February 24 to March 30, 2023, using an online questionnaire following the G University's Institutional Review Board's (IRB's) deliberation.

Results

Amongst the participants, the prevalence of depression was 23.8% (95% CI: [17.7%, 29.9%]), and 13.7% had moderate depression, whereas 10.1% had severe depression. The direct effects of stress on stress response (t = 9.26, p < 0.001) and from stress to grit (t = 22.82, p < 0.001) were statistically significant. The direct effects from stress to depression (t = 2.61, p = 0.009), from stress response to depression (t = 9.68, p < 0.001), and from grit to depression (t = −2.09, p = 0.039) were also statistically significant. The association between stress and depression was mediated by stress response but not grit.

Conclusions

The prevalence of depression amongst Korean nursing students was high. Preparing strategies against depression amongst nursing students is an urgent matter. The mediating effect of stress response in the relationship between stress and depression was statistically significant, but that for grit was not. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate students' stress responses and provide personalised interventions, as well as reduce established stressors.

Implications for the Profession

Strategies to manage stress responses can be used to reduce depression caused by stress in nursing students.

Impact

To reduce depression in nursing students, it is necessary to investigate strategies to understand stress response, provide personalised interventions, and reduce already‐known stressors.

Reporting Method

The authors have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the STROBE checklist: cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nursing students were the subjects of data collection for this study and participated in the survey upon voluntary consent to participation.
Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Chitosan Film with Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa Leaf Extract Prepared Via 3D‐Printing Method
Authors: Vo‐An Quan , Nguyen Chinh Thuy , Pham Uyen Thu , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Duong Thanh , Hoang Dung Tran , Le Lu Trong , Ngo Quyen Thi Cam , Thai Hoang
Published: November 2024

The combination of natural polymers and plant extract attracted much attention thanks to its valuable biological activities. This study presents the preparation and characterization of chitosan (CS) film containing Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract. In which, the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract (SLE) with polyphenol‐rich fractions was extracted by an ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method. The prepared chitosan/polyphenol‐rich fractions film (CSPPF) was characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption analysis. Antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities of the CSPPF were assessed using the agar well diffusion method and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays, respectively. Besides, the release of the extract from the CSPPF as well as the drug release kinetics was also tested. The Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract enhanced the antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and enhanced the anti‐inflammatory activity as well as the swelling ability of the CSPPF. The CSPPF containing 1 wt.% of SLE can inhibit 77.70 % NO with an IC50 value of 19.40 μg/mL.
Study on tensile properties of Z‐pin reinforced bismaleimide resin matrix composites with single lap joints
Authors: Jin Yue , Li Yong , Hu Zehui , Li Wenying , Li Lisha
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the influence of Z‐pin implantation parameters on the load‐bearing effectiveness of single lap joints reinforced with Z‐pins. This study explores the effect of Z‐pin implantation parameters on the load‐bearing performance of the joint. Concurrently, a finite element simulation is employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the stress distribution and failure mode of the joint throughout the damage process. Furthermore, high‐temperature tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of temperature on the Z‐pin reinforcement mechanism. The findings demonstrated that Z‐pin reinforcement markedly augmented the peel resistance at the joint extremities, thereby postponing the inception of fissures. The maximum shear stress at the joint end exhibited a 4.81‐fold increase. During the loading process, the presence of Z‐pins effectively impeded the propagation of cracks, thereby enhancing the load‐carrying capacity of the joint. The reinforcement effect of Z‐pins exhibited variability with respect to the implantation area, with a maximum increase of 41.6%. The load capacity of the joint reached 2.51 kN/g per unit mass. However, as the temperature increased, Z‐pin pull‐out occurred, leading to a reduction in reinforcement efficiency. At high temperatures, frictional forces during Z‐pin pull‐out became the primary mechanism for dissipating crack propagation energy. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing Z‐pin reinforcement strategies for enhancing the mechanical performance of composite joints, particularly under varying thermal conditions.

Highlights

The efficiency of different pin positions was evaluated.

Evaluation of Z‐pin enhancement efficiency using joint loading efficiency.

Establishment of a high‐precision finite element model with Z‐pin.

Analyzed the damage process of joints at high and normal temperatures.

Study the failure form of Z‐pin at high temperature.
Prediction of high‐temperature mechanical properties of filled rubber based on the deep learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Junpu , Zuo Yanjiang , Yue Xiaozhuang , Wang Yuxuan , Di Liupeng , Li Minghui
Published: November 2024

Filled rubber has wide applications in industries due to its high temperature and corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately depict the high‐temperature mechanical behavior of the filled rubber. With the expansion of machine learning, the deep learning (DL) algorithm provides a new method to investigate the stress–strain relation of filled rubber. In this paper, the carbon nanotube‐filled fluororubber was used as an example to train various DL models, such as convolutional neural network (CNN), long short‐term memory (LSTM) network, and CNN‐LSTM hybrid models. These models were trained using test data at relatively lower temperatures to predict the relation between stress and strain at higher temperatures. Comparing the test results, it was found that all the predicted results closely matched the experimental data. However, the CNN‐LSTM hybrid model exhibited the lowest error and the most stable calculation process. The results indicated that the DL model not only reduces the time and resources needed to develop new constitutive relationships for filled rubber but also offers greater advantages in predicting the high‐temperature mechanical properties of filled rubber.

Highlights

DL models predict the high‐temperature mechanical behavior of filled rubber.

Higher temperature results got by extrapolation from lower temperature data.

More test data at various temperatures improve the prediction accuracy.

The prediction accuracy at 200°C surpasses at 220°C.

CNN‐LSTM model has the highest calculation efficiency and accuracy.
Intraspecific Trait Variation in Seedlings Reveals Independence Between Leaf and Root Traits but a Lack of an Independent “Collaboration Axis” Belowground
Authors: Schaffer‐Morrison Samuel A. Z. , Ibáñez Inés , Weemstra Monique , Petri Lais , Umaña María Natalia
Published: November 2024

Plant functional traits help determine resource acquisition strategies. Global trends at the interspecific scale suggest independence between leaf and root traits described by three functional dimensions: resource acquisition above‐ and belowground and degree of mycorrhizal collaboration belowground. However, there are ecological and evolutionary reasons to expect different patterns of variation within species, especially within seedlings—the stage at which most tree mortality occurs. Describing the intraspecific patterns of trait variation in seedlings will improve the understanding of tree populations' ability to cope with environmental change. We ask the following questions: (1) How do traits above‐ and belowground co‐vary within species? (2) How do traits relate to soil nutrients and light conditions? We collected root and leaf traits on 131 seedlings from four naturally occurring woody species across eight sites in a temperate, deciduous broadleaf forest in the USA. We measured traits reflecting resource use strategies—specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, root nitrogen, and root tissue density—and those defining the collaboration axis—specific root length and root diameter. We measured light conditions for each seedling and soil nitrogen and phosphorus to examine the relationship between traits and abiotic conditions using a novel multivariate regression analysis approach. We found that above‐ and belowground traits segregated into independent functional axes and that the collaboration axis merged with the belowground resource‐acquisition axis. We found limited associations between abiotic factors and traits. Our findings suggest that within species, there might be additional constraints to adjust to soil conditions and therefore impact response to environmental change.
Measuring Self‐Efficacy to Request Cancer‐Related Work Accommodations: Development and Validation of a Brief Survey Instrument
Authors: Blinder Victoria , Hamilton Jada G. , Eberle Carolyn , Finik Jackie , Narang Bharat , Maly Rose C. , Gany Francesca , Patil Sujata
Published: November 2024

Objective

Access to work accommodations, such as time off to attend medical appointments, is a key predictor of cancer‐related job loss. We aimed to develop and validate a measure of self‐efficacy to request and obtain work accommodations related to diagnosis of breast cancer and need for treatment.

Methods

The 5‐item Self‐efficacy to Ask for Work Accommodations (SAWA) tool was adapted from a scale that measures self‐efficacy in patient‐physician interactions. English‐speaking, employed women, aged 18–64, who were undergoing treatment for stage I–III breast cancer completed surveys during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, and/or < 60 days since surgery) and 4 months after its completion. Post‐treatment surveys were the primary validation dataset; analyses were repeated using baseline data to further evaluate validity/reliability. Psychometric analyses included internal consistency, principal component factor analysis, convergent and divergent validity, and test‐retest reliability (in a subset of patients, 2 weeks after post‐treatment surveys).

Results

Among 362 participants, the SAWA measure had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93, indicating high scale reliability. Factor analysis revealed one summary measure which could be divided into two subscales. Overall, the SAWA demonstrated convergent and divergent validity based on the hypothesized variables. Similar patterns were observed when analyses were repeated using baseline survey data. In the test‐retest subset, the Pearson correlation between SAWA assessed 4 months post‐treatment versus retest 2 weeks later was 0.79.

Conclusions

The SAWA is a validated survey instrument that can be used to measure self‐efficacy in employed cancer patients to ask for and obtain employment accommodations.