bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of tidal influence on the structure and function of prokaryotic communities in the sediments of a pristine Brazilian mangrove
Authors: de Santana Carolina Oliveira , Spealman Pieter , Melo Vânia Maria Maciel , Gresham David , de Jesus Taíse Bomfim , Chinalia Fabio Alexandre
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Mangrove forests are ecosystems that constitute a large portion of the world's coastline and span tidal zones below, between, and above the
waterline, and the ecosystem as a whole is defined by the health of these tidal microhabitats. However, we are only beginning to understand tidal-zone microbial biodiversity and the role of these microbiomes in nutrient cycling. While extensive research has characterized microbiomes in
pristine vs. anthropogenically impacted mangroves, these have, largely, overlooked differences in tidal microhabitats (sublittoral, intertidal, and
supralittoral). Unfortunately, the small number of studies that have sought to characterize mangrove tidal zones have occurred in impacted biomes,
making interpretation of the results difficult. Here, we characterized prokaryotic populations and their involvement in nutrient cycling across the
tidal zones of a pristine mangrove within a Brazilian Environmental Protection Area of the Atlantic Forest. We hypothesized that the tidal zones in
pristine mangroves are distinct microhabitats, which we defined as distinct regions that present spatial variations in the water regime and other
environmental factors, and as such, these are composed of different prokaryotic communities with distinct functional profiles. Samples were
collected in triplicate from zones below, between, and above the tidal waterline. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing, we found distinct
prokaryotic communities with significantly diverse nutrient-cycling functions, as well as specific taxa with varying contributions to functional
abundances between zones. Where previous research from anthropogenically impacted mangroves found the intertidal zone to have high prokaryotic
diversity and be functionally enriched in nitrogen cycling, we find that the intertidal zone from pristine mangroves has the lowest diversity and no
functional enrichment, relative to the other tidal zones. The main bacterial phyla in all samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria,
and Chloroflexi while the main archaeal phyla were Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. Our results differ slightly from
other studies where Proteobacteria is the main phyla in mangrove sediments and Firmicutes makes up only a small percentage of
the communities. Salinity and organic matter were the most relevant environmental factors influencing these communities. Bacillaceae was
the most abundant family at each tidal zone and showed potential to drive a large proportion of the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and
sulfur. Our findings suggest that some aspects of mangrove tidal zonation may be compromised by human activity, especially in the intertidal zone.
Global peatlands under future climate – seamless model projections from the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Müller Jurek , Joos Fortunat
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Peatlands are diverse wetland ecosystems distributed mostly over the northern latitudes and tropics. Globally they store a large portion of the global soil organic carbon and provide important ecosystem services. The future of these systems under continued anthropogenic warming and direct human disturbance has potentially large impacts on atmospheric CO2 and climate. We performed global long term projections of peatland area and carbon over the next 5000 years using a dynamic global vegetation model forced with climate anomalies from ten models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and three scenarios. These projections are continued from a transient simulation from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present to account for the full transient history. Our results suggest short to long term net losses of global peatland area and carbon, with higher losses under higher emission scenarios. Large parts of today's active northern peatlands are at risk. Conditions for peatlands in the tropics and, in case of mitigation, eastern Asia and western north America improve. Factorial simulations reveal committed historical changes and future rising temperature as the main driver of future peatland loss and increasing precipitations as driver for regional peatland expansion. Additional simulations forced with two CMIP6 scenarios extended transiently beyond 2100, show qualitatively similar results to the standard scenarios, but highlight the importance of extended future scenarios for long term carbon cycle projections. The spread between simulations forced with different climate model anomalies suggests a large uncertainty in projected peatland variables due to uncertain climate forcing. Our study highlights the importance of quantifying the future peatland feedback to the climate system and its inclusion into future earth system model projections.
Natural Hazards and Extreme Events in the Baltic Sea region
Authors: Rutgersson Anna , Kjellström Erik , Haapala Jari , Stendel Martin , Danilovich Irina , Drews Martin , Jylhä Kirsti , Kujala Pentti , Guo Larsén Xiaoli , Halsnæs Kirsten , Lehtonen Ilari , Luomaranta Anna , Nilsson Erik , Olsson Taru , Särkkä Jani , Tuomi Laura , Wasmund Norbert
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A natural hazard is a naturally occurring extreme event with a negative effect on people and society or the environment. Natural hazards may have severe implications for human life and they can potentially generate economic losses and damage ecosystems. A better understanding of their major causes, probability of occurrence, and consequences enables society to be better prepared and to save human lives and to invest in adaptation options. Natural Hazards related to climate change are identified as one of the Grand Challenges in the Baltic Sea region. We here summarise existing knowledge of extreme events in the Baltic Sea region with the focus on past 200 years, as well as future climate scenarios. The events considered here are the major hydro-meteorological events in the region and include wind storms, extreme waves, high and low sea level, ice ridging, heavy precipitation, sea-effect snowfall, river floods, heat waves, ice seasons, and drought. We also address some ecological extremes and implications of extreme events for society (phytoplankton blooms, forest fires, coastal flooding, offshore infrastructures, and shipping). Significant knowledge gaps are identified, including the response of large scale atmospheric circulation to climate change, but also concerning specific events, for example, occurrences of marine heat waves and small-scale variability of precipitation. Suggestions for future research includes further development of high-resolution Earth System models, and the potential use of methodologies for data analysis (statistical methods and machine learning). With respect to expected impact of climate change, changes are expected for sea-level, extreme precipitation, heat waves and phytoplankton blooms (increase) and cold spells and severe ice winters (decrease). For some extremes (drying, river flooding and extreme waves) the change depends on the area and time period studies.
Baseline data for monitoring geomorphological effects of glacier lake outburst flood: A very high-resolution image and GIS datasets of the distal part of the Zackenberg River, northeast Greenland
Authors: Tomczyk Aleksandra M. , Ewertowski Marek W.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Arctic regions experience intense transformations, such that efficient methods are needed to monitor and understand Arcticlandscape changes in response to climate warming and low-frequency high-magnitude events. One example of such events,capable of causing serious landscape changes, is glacier lake outburst floods. On 6 August 2017, a flood event related to glacial lake outburst affected the Zackenberg River (NE Greenland). Here, we provided a very high-resolution dataset representingunique time-series of data captured immediately before (5 August 2017), during (6 August 2017), and after (8 August 2017)the flood. Our dataset covers a 2.1-km-long distal section of the Zackenberg River. The available files comprise: (1)unprocessed images captured using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4495282 (Tomczykand Ewertowski, 2021a); and (2) results of structure-from-motion (SfM) processing (orthomosaics, digital elevation models, and hillshade models in a raster format), uncertainty assessments (precision maps) and effects of geomorphological mappingin vector formats: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498296 (Tomczyk and Ewertowski, 2021b). Potential applications of thepresented dataset include: (1) assessment and quantification of landscape changes as an immediate result of glacier lakeoutburst flood; (2) long-term monitoring of high-Arctic river valley development (in conjunction with other datasets); (3)establishing a baseline for quantification of geomorphological impacts of future glacier lake outburst floods; (4) assessment of geohazards related to bank erosion and debris flow development (hazards for research station infrastructure – station buildingsand bridge); (5) monitoring of permafrost degradation; and (6) modelling flood impacts on river ecosystem, transport capacity,and channel stability.
REMIND2.1: Transformation and innovation dynamics of the energy-economic system within climate and sustainability limits
Authors: Baumstark Lavinia , Bauer Nico , Benke Falk , Bertram Christoph , Bi Stephen , Gong Chen Chris , Dietrich Jan Philipp , Dirnaichner Alois , Giannousakis Anastasis , Hilaire Jérôme , Klein David , Koch Johannes , Leimbach Marian , Levesque Antoine , Madeddu Silvia , Malik Aman , Merfort Anne , Merfort Leon , Odenweller Adrian , Pehl Michaja , Pietzcker Robert C. , Piontek Franziska , Rauner Sebastian , Rodrigues Renato , Rottoli Marianna , Schreyer Felix , Schultes Anselm , Soergel Bjoern , Soergel Dominika , Strefler Jessica , Ueckerdt Falko , Kriegler Elmar , Luderer Gunnar
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This paper presents the new and now open-source version 2.1 of the REgional Model of INvestments and Development (REMIND). REMIND, as an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM), provides an integrated view on the global energy-economy-emissions system and explores self-consistent transformation pathways. It describes a broad range of possible futures and their relation to technical and socio-economic developments as well as policy choices. REMIND is a multi-regional model incorporating the economy and a detailed representation of the energy sector implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). It uses non-linear optimization to derive welfare-optimal regional transformation pathways of the energy-economic system subject to climate and sustainability constraints for the time horizon 2005 to 2100. The resulting solution corresponds to the decentral market outcome under the assumptions of perfect foresight of agents and internalization of external effects. REMIND enables analyses of technology options and policy approaches for climate change mitigation with particular strength in representing the scale-up of new technologies, including renewables and their integration in power markets. The REMIND code is organized into modules that gather code relevant for specific topics. Interaction between different modules is made explicit via clearly defined sets of input/output variables. Each module can be represented by different realizations enabling flexible configuration and extension. The spatial resolution of REMIND is flexible and depends on the resolution of the input data. The framework can thus be used for a variety of applications in a customized form balancing requirements for detail and overall run-time and complexity.
Filtering method based on cluster analysis to avoid salinity drifts and recover Argo data in less time
Authors: Romero Emmanuel , Tenorio-Fernandez Leonardo , Castro Iliana , Castro Marco
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Currently there is a huge amount of freely available hydrographic data and it is increasingly important to have access to it efficiently and easily provided with as much information as possible. Argo is a global collection of around 4000 active autonomous hydrographic profilers. Argo data goes through two quality processes, real time and delayed mode. This work shows a methodology to filter profiles within a given polygon using the odd-even algorithm, this allows analysis of a study area, regardless of size, shape or location. Also, gives two filtering methods to discard only the real time quality control data that present salinity drifts, thus taking advantage of the largest possible amount of valid data within a given polygon. In the study area selected as an example, it was possible to recover around 80 % in the case of the first filter and 30 % in the case of the second of the total real time quality control data that are usually discarded due to problems such as salinity drifts, this allows researchers to use any of the filters or a combination of both to have a greater amount of data within the study area of their interest in a matter of minutes, unlike waiting for the delayed mode quality control that takes up to 12 months to be completed.
Satellite-based estimation of roughness lengths and displacement heights for wind resource modelling
Authors: Floors Rogier , Badger Merete , Troen Ib , Grogan Kenneth , Permien Finn-Hendrik
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Wind turbines in northern Europe are frequently placed in forests, which sets new wind resource modelling requirements. Accurate mapping of the land surface can be challenging at forested sites due to sudden transitions between patches with very different aerodynamic properties, e.g. tall trees, clearings, and lakes. Tree growth and deforestation can lead to temporal changes of the forest. Global or pan-European land cover data sets fail to resolve these forest properties, aerial lidar campaigns are costly and infrequent, and hand-digitization is labour-intensive and subjective. Here, we investigate the potential of using satellite observations to characterise the land surface in connection with wind energy flow modelling using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP). Collocated maps of the land cover, tree height, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) have been generated based on observations from the Sentinel-1 and -2 missions combined with the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). Three different forest canopy models are applied to convert these maps to roughness lengths and displacement heights. We introduce a modified model, which can process detailed land cover maps containing both roughness lengths and displacement heights. Extensive validation is carried out through cross-prediction analyses at ten well-instrumented sites in various landscapes. We demonstrate that using the novel satellite-based input maps leads to lower cross-prediction errors of the wind power density than land cover databases at a coarser spatial resolution. Differences in the cross-predictions resulting from the three different canopy models are minor. The satellite-based maps show cross-prediction errors close to those obtained from aerial lidar scans and hand-digitised maps. This demonstrates the value of using detailed satellite-based land cover maps for micro-scale flow modelling.
Rural Teachers’ Teaching of Algebraic Functions Through a Commognitive Lens
Authors: Mbhiza Hlamulo
Published: April 2021

Rural contexts and their schools have continuously been overlooked by researchers of mathematics education in South Africa. This is despite the assumption that the educational landscape may vary markedly in rural areas compared to urban and township areas which have been solely researched in the post-apartheid dispensation. To address the dearth of mathematics education research located within South Africa's rural contexts, the study explored five Grade 10 rural mathematics teachers' discourses and approaches of teaching algebraic functions with five teachers from five different school sites. This qualitative multiple case study, using Sfard's commognitive theory, draws attention to rural mathematics teachers' classroom practices and views about the teaching of algebraic functions which is unexamined in the South African context. Three data generation tools were used to gain insight into teachers' discourses and approaches while teaching the topic. These are individual semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and Video-Stimulated Recall Interviews (VSRI). Research findings focus primarily on the data generated through classroom observations. To analyse the data, I use Sfard's commognitive theory to give meaning to teachers' classroom practices. Focusing on the distinction between two tenets of commognitive theory, ritual and explorative routines, the findings demonstrate that four participating teachers acted in an extremely ritualised way. The other teacher was more explorative in her classroom observable actions. The findings illuminate that teachers need to move more towards the participationist approach during teaching to enable them to think, observe, and communicate about mathematical objects that commognitively link more with explorative routines.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O IMPACTO DA COVID-19 NA SAÚDE DAS CRIANÇAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Fonseca Jucielly Ferreira da , Anjos Júlia Silva Fonseca dos , Machado Carolina De Oliveira , Silva Breno Wagner Araújo Cosme da , Cantalice Anajás Da Silva Cardoso , Vieira Caroline Evelin Nascimento Kluczynik
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: sintetizar como informações atuais sobre o impacto do COVID-19 na saúde das crianças no Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo informativo, sem revisão ou tema de modo a responder: Qual é a magnitude desta pandemia? Quais são as características do COVID-19 em crianças? Quais medidas para reduzir o impacto? Resultados:no Brasil, até 26 de junho de 2020, 74.438 casos confirmados e 373 óbitos entre crianças e adolescentes. Os estados com mais mortes foram: São Paulo, Amazonas e Pará. Os sintomas que diferem das infecções respiratórias habituais são: dor de cabeça, perda de paladar e / ou olfato. Como medidas para reduzir os danos causados: distanciamento social, acesso a serviços de saúde, água potável, moradia, alimentação, vacinação, disponibilização de auxílio financeiro e informação. Conclusão: conclui-se que a saúde das crianças será influenciada durante e após uma pandemia, cujo impacto poderá ser minimizado pelo planejamento de ações de saúde pública.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN SEKS PADA ANAK PENYANDANG TUNAGRAHITA
Authors: Setiawan Farid
Published: April 2021

Kekerasan seksual ataupun pelecehan seksual selalu menjadi permasalahan yang tidak kunjung meredam, setiap tahunnya selalu mengalami peningkatan. Kekerasan seksual bisa menimpa siapa saja, termasuk anak penyandang tunagrahita. Anak penyandang tuna grahita adalah mereka yang mengalami keterbelakangan mental, dimana kondisi mentalnya berada dibawah batas normal, kondisi tersebut juga dikenal dengan Retardasi Mental, akan tetapi secara fisik mereka normal. Sudah semestinya untuk memberikan edukasi kepada mereka mengenai pendidikan seksual, karena bagaimanapun juga mereka harus mandiri dan bisa berdiri dengan kaki mereka sendiri. Sehingga dibutuhkan suatu pengelolaan manajemen yang tepat dalam menyampaikan pendidikan seksual kepada mereka. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan manajemen pendidikan yaitu pembelajaran tentang perbedaan gender dan penanaman pendidikan karakter. Model pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan adalah model pembelajaran sentra, dengan konsep bermain peran. Hal tersebutlah yang akan dibahas dalam artikel ini guna mengentaskan anak-anak penyandang tunagrahita dari kekerasan atau pelecehan seksual yang mengancam masa depan mereka.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN KINERJA GURU SD NEGERI 94/II MUARA BUNGO
Authors: Rafai Rafai
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja guru dalam aspek perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini guru SD Negeri 94/II Muara Bungo. Data penelitian peroleh melalui angket tertutup dengan skala Likert. Angket terdiri dari 39 pernyataan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kinerja guru dalam menyusun perencanaan pembelajaran berada pada kategori sangat baik. kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran telah mencapai kategori sangat baik. selanjutnya untuk kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan evaluasi pembelajaran mayoritas masih berada pada kategori baik, hanya ada dua guru kelas yang telah melaksanakan evaluasi pembelajaran dengan mencapai kategori sangat baik. Jadi kinerja guru di SD Negeri 94/II Muara Bungo dari aspek perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembelajaran untuk selalu ditingkatkan agar terjaga kualitas pembelajarannya.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM MENETAPKAN KRITERIA KETUNTASAN MINIMAL MELALUI WORKSHOP DI SD
Authors: Shobirin Shobirin
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses penetapan kriteria ketuntasan minimal melalui workshop, serta meningkatkan Keterampilan guru dalam menetapkan kriteria ketuntasan minimal melalui workshop di SD Negeri 73/II Simpang Sungai Mancur. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan respon guru terhadap kegiatan yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian tindakan kepengawasan dengan melibatkan 8 orang guru. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus terdiri atas 4 tahapan, yakni: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan repleksi. Indikator kinerja yang ditetapkan adalah: bila minimal 85% guru tergolong sangat baik dan baik dalam aspek penilaian penetepan kriteria ketuntasan minimal, maka sudah dapat dikatakan tindakan yang diterapkan berhasil. Aspek yang diukur dalam menilai keberhasilan tindakan adalah kesiapan guru mengikuti workshop dan hasil pelaksanaan workshop. Dari analisis diperoleh bahwa terjadi peningkatan kesiapan dan Kinerja guru dalam menetapkan kriteria ketuntasan minimal dari siklus I ke siklus II. Ketercapaian indikator kinerja terdapat pada tindakan II. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui workshop dapat meningkatkan Keterampilan guru dalam menetapkan kriteria ketuntasan minimal di SD Negeri 73/II Simpang Sungai Mancur. Dengan demikian dapat disarankan kepada pengawas atau peneliti yang lain bahwa kegiatan workshop dapat dipakai sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam menetapkan kriteria ketuntasan minimal.
Nuevas tecnologías empleadas en la intervención de la tartamudez: una revisión
Authors: Fernández-Martín María , Calet Nuria , González José A.
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los estudios más recientes sobre el tratamiento de las disfluencias en el habla en los que se han utilizado las nuevas tecnologías. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos internacionales (Pubmed y Scopus) y nacionales (Dialnet) de estudios que utilizan las nuevas tecnologías en la intervención de las disfluencias del habla, publicados desde el año 2000 hasta el 2015. En general se observa que la finalidad de los programas es reducir el porcentaje de tartamudez a corto y largo plazo mediante dispositivos fáciles de usar. La metodología utilizada es muy variada, aunque los estudios presentan características comunes: se evalúa la severidad de la tartamudez previa a la intervención para poder asegurar que ésta disminuye gracias a los programas, y en todos se realizan análisis pre y post tratamiento. En conclusión, con el uso de estos programas los resultados que se obtienen suelen ser positivos, aunque no generalizables al resto de la población con disfluencias. El uso de dispositivos en la tartamudez podría ser beneficioso para algunas personas con disfluencias en el habla, aunque se requieren estudios con poblaciones más amplias para asegurar su efectividad en todos los casos.
Las pausas en el discurso de individuos con demencia tipo Alzheimer. Estudio de casos
Authors: Rodríguez Jhennifer , Martínez Hernán , Valles Beatriz
Published: April 2021

Basándonos en el hecho de que la demencia tipo Alzheimer conlleva un deterioro cognitivo que provoca fallas comunicativas y discursivas, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso y los tipos de pausas que aparecen en el discurso de dos personas que padecen ese tipo de demencia. Los datos que constituyen el corpus de análisis corresponden a muestras de habla realizadas por el Laboratorio de Neurociencias de la Universidad del Zulia. Para el análisis se escogieron al azar aquellos enunciados que contuvieran pausas, tanto silenciosas como sonoras, enfocándonos primordialmente en el parámetro acústico de la duración. Se evidencia que la pausa en el discurso del paciente con demencia tipo Alzheimer es un revelador de déficits de carácter lingüístico y cognitivo. Notamos en los dos discursos analizados el empleo de una considerable cantidad de pausas y períodos más largos de tiempo en la duración de las mismas. Nuestros resultados pueden llegar a ser considerados indicios de que las pausas son fenómenos prosódicos diferenciadores de los discursos de sujetos con demencia, así como posibles parámetros para definir el déficit lingüístico y cognitivo en la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Research and development of production technology for mayonnaise sauce of functional purpose
Authors: Lukin Aleksandr
Published: April 2021

We studied functional properties of pine nut oil cake, used as a protein concentrate, and those of β-carotene, used as a natural antioxidant, and their effect on organoleptic, physical, chemical, and rheological properties of mayonnaise sauces. The aim of the work was to develop a functional mayonnaise sauce and to study the quality indicators of the finished product where egg powder was partially replaced with a protein concentrate, namely, pine nut oil cake. The use of β-carotene in the sauce formula allowed not only to enhance the color of natural egg products, but also to increase the oxidation stability of the fatty phase of the sauce and to extend its shelf life. A reference sample and samples with 1%, 2%, and 3% pine nut oil cake instead of egg powder were subject to study. The dosage of 3% pine nut oil cake instead of egg powder was considered the most preferable to be introduced into the formula.
Multiescalarity in the patrimonial valorization of quilombo remaining communities in Tururu, CE, Brazil
Authors: Alves Eduardo Rodrigues , Oliveira Christian Dennys Monteiro
Published: April 2021

From a qualitative analysis of the cultural and social background, we intend to understand the process of heritage recognition of the quilombola communities in Tururu (CE). The study is based on the revision of the concepts of patrimony, territory, and scale and, beyond this theoretical study, its methodology includes documentary research and fieldwork with semi-structured interviews, aiming to understand the territoriality and quilombola cultural aspects in front of multiple scales. Intra-community, intercommunity and intra-municipal relations were identified, which reflect challenges and demand strategies for the valorization of quilombola patrimony. It is understood that the value recognition of these territories comes from their capacity of claim, but also depends on the supportive capacity of public management. Therefore, greater articulation between different agents and instances is required to foster value recognition.
Groundwater vulnerability analysis to contamination at the Urubu river watershed, TO, Brazil
Authors: Silva Fábio , Morais Fernando
Published: April 2021

This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination in the Urubu river watershed, Tocantins. The analysis was based on the VIX vulnerability index and considered the areas with the highest water accumulation, as indicated by the NDWI index values extracted from the study area. It was observed that the highest values of the VIX index were found in areas in which the groundwater levels were deeper. The western region of the basin presented areas more vulnerable to contamination due to the shallow depth of the water table. The use of the VIX and NDWI indices was effective in determining areas that are more susceptible to contamination within the Urubu river basin, thus, it can be considered an efficient tool for local natural resource management.
Urban vitality and neighborhood design: a proposal for Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
Authors: Guaraldo Eliane , Gamarra Roberto Macedo , Pinto Ariel , Mattos Lara Louise Corte , Aderaldo Vanessa , Pessi Dhonatan Diego , Silva Normandes Matos , Paranhos Filho Antonio Conceição
Published: April 2021

This paper concerns the practical application, in a medium city neighborhood in the central-western region of Brazil, of six parameters to support urban vitality: permeability, variety, legibility, versatility, appropriate image, and perceptual wealth, as developed by Bentley & Alcock (1999). The methodological strategy addressed the theoretical framework and the reality of the neighborhood with the support of geotechnologies and urban records. The proposed interventions exercise a combination of urban design instruments, intending to implementing elements of vitality, so reverse the current situation of urban stagnation and social segregation of the place.
Jamaat-e-Islami and Tabligh Jamaat: A Comparative Study of Islamic Revivalist Movements
Authors: Ali Jan A. , Amin Faroque
Published: April 2021

Since the turn of the 20th century, a broad range of Islamic revivalist movements have sprung up in Muslim societies around the globe, especially where Muslims have formerly experienced, primarily through European colonisation, a gradual decline in key Islamic institutions and threats to their identity. Islamic revivalist movements have consequently emerged to inculcate religious principles en masse in the Muslim World through institutional developments, socio-political activities, missionary preaching, and propagation. Movements such as Ilyas’s Tabligh Jama’at and Maududi’s Jama’at-e-Islami are at the forefront of this enterprise and have both demonstrated their potential for bringing about important spiritual and social changes, particularly in Muslim-majority societies. Having been initiated in the Indian subcontinent, both movements currently have global and transnational influence. These two movements, however, have some fundamental differences with regard to their attitude towards polity and social development. In this paper, we compare and contrast the major characteristics of the two movements. A comparative appraisal of these two significant revivalist movements is expected to contribute to an understanding of the socio-religious discourse surrounding the phenomenon of Islamic revivalism. With this comparison, we argue that the differences in their methods are complementary rather than antagonistic, and generally pursue a similar greater goal: reviving Islam and returning society to a stable and harmonious state.
Profilaxia do tétano – Protocolo da Unimed Recife
Authors: M. Valença Marcelo
Published: April 2021

O tétano é uma infecção bacteriana grave, não contagiosa, causada pela toxina do bacilo tetânico gram-positivo Clostridium tetani. Os autores estão descrevendo o protocolo de profilaxia do tétano usado na Unimed Recife.
Guidance for chronic subdural hematoma surgery in the novel coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19)
Authors: Valença Marcelo Moraes , Valença Martina Falcão , Martins Carolina , Andrade-Valença Luciana Patrízia Alves , Valença Marcelo Andrade , Silva Ana Cristina Veiga , Azevedo Filho Hildo Rocha Cirne de
Published: April 2021

Of great concern to the neurosurgical community is this novel coronavirus pandemic 2019, a result of dissemination to all continents of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Without proper care, there is a very high chance of being infected by the lethal SARS-CoV-2 during a routine neurosurgical procedure. SARS-CoV-2 infected a significant part of the healthcare workers, including neurosurgeons, responsible for direct care for patients with Covid-19, and several of those infected have already died. Drastic modifications should be made in the process the operating room is prepared, and in the attitudes taken by medical personnel in an attempt to minimize a possible contact of the SARS-CoV-2. The novel coronavirus is present not only in the respiratory tract, but the virus may also be encountered in blood, stool, and CSF. In this article, the authors want to address the topic of how the neurosurgeons can mitigate the chance of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 during a surgical procedure performed on a patient with Covid-19. For this, we chose a common condition in neurosurgery practice - and one of the simplest in its execution - the chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). There is still no consensus on how to operate patients with CSDH. This article aimed to elaborate a protocol with effective and minimally invasive techniques to be performed in the patient with both CSDH and Covid-19, with the dual intention of protecting the surgeon from SARS-CoV-2 infection and optimizing the patient's chance of healing.
Review of physical methods in the treatment of Bell’s palsy
Authors:   College of Education and Therapy, Stryła Wanda , Kaczmarek Agata ,   Poznan University of Medical Sciences
Published: April 2021

Peripheral facial nerve damage is the most common condition of all cranial nerve damage; this nerve innervates the face in motor, sensory and parasympathetic ways. Bell’s palsy prevents patients from functioning normally by disturbing the speech function, eating and facial expressions. It can also lead to severe infl ammation of the eyeball and consequently to blindness. The study focuses on the influence of appropriately selected physical procedures on the time over which facial palsy affects a patient. The use of therapeutic methods such as: electrotherapy, heat treatment, facial massage, kinesitherapy and fi llers were also presented Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy based on the cooperation of doctors, physiotherapists and cosmetologists signifi cantly improves the results of pharmacological treatment and shortens convalescence time.
A Study on the Effect of Temperature and Storage Time on the Leaching of Antimony (Sb) from Polyethylene Terephthalate Drinking Water Bottles
Authors:   University of Guyana, Persaud Ajay Arjoon , Simmons Denise A. ,   University of Guyana, Ketwaru Patrick ,   University of Guyana
Published: April 2021

We examined the effects of temperature and storage time on the release of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate drinking water bottles to determine whether antimony exposure presented a health risk to consumers. Simulation experiments were based on actual storage conditions recorded at three distributors over an eleven-day period. The highest temperature recorded at the distributor level was 50.8oC and a storage time of 7 days.
A Pilot Study on the Potential for Household Composting at a Rural Community in Guyana
Authors:   University of Guyana, Dare Omali , Espinosa Isidro Ubaldo ,   University of Guyana, Boston Cecil ,   University of Guyana, Anderson Deon ,   Guyana Water Incorporation
Published: April 2021

Extensive waste production and population growth have given rise to incremental challenges in the national solid waste management sector. This established a need for sustainable and environmentally-friendly means of waste elimination or reduction. Composting can support this, while adding value to the agricultural sector. A number of composting technologies are available, which are specific to the scale of operation and the available resources.
Assessing the Ability of Perionyx excavatus to Recyckle Different Combinations of Organic Waste
Authors:   University of Guyana, Huntley Sona , Ansari Abdullah ,   University of Guyana
Published: April 2021

Globally, 1.3 billion tonnes of food produced for human consumption are wasted each year and are usually discarded in landfills where the greenhouse gas, methane, is produced during decomposition. Vermicomposting is a possible organic waste management strategy, which may reduce the amount of food waste disposed in landfills and produce compost, which is a usable end product. This study aimed to evaluate how efficiently the Perionyx excavatus can convert organic waste into quality vermicompost.
An Environmental Audit of Aracari Resort
Authors:   University of Guyana, Sawh Natasha , Bynoe Paulette ,   University of Guyana, Simmons Denise A. ,   University of Guyana
Published: April 2021

Tourism impacts the economy, the natural and built environment, the immediate population, and even tourists – the very resource needed by the industry to remain viable. Regular assessment of the environmental performance of the industry is necessary to ascertain compliance with national standards and regulations. This is achieved with an environmental audit. To this end, an environmental audit was conducted at the Aracari Resort, almost a decade after it began operations.
Breast Self-Examination Practice and Its Associated Factor among the Women of Reproductive Age of Rapti Sonari Rural Municipality, Banke District
Authors: Gyawali Prativa , Gautam Samjhana
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a screening method used to detect early breast cancer which involves the women herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling. BES is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive procedure which helps a woman to know her breast and allows her to detect changes in the breast; such as breast masses or lumps.
Method: Descriptive cross sectional study design was used to assess the Practice on breast self-examination and its associated factors because the use of descriptive design for the study gathers data directly from respondents from their natural environment for the purpose of studying their practice level regarding to Breast Self-Examination. This study followed quantitative study. Quantitative study was used to identify practice on Breast self-examination and its factors association.
Result: The main findings of the study showed that 12.2% have practice the breast self-examination. Source of information regarding BSE among respondents were found 72.5% from health professional and mass media 6.5%. The researcher’s study finding revel that knowledge regarding BSE was found adequate in 44.3% of respondents. Research study also illustrates that only 19.6% have examined their breast. 50.8% of the respondent state lack of knowledge and 36.7% respondent stated lack of self-confidence level for not performing BSE. 8.3% reported that they practice it occasionally and remaining 0.4% and 3.5% practice monthly and weekly respectively. Similarly, 85.7% didn’t find any abnormalities. Whereas 14.3 % have notice, after seen abnormalities 100% of them have visit hospital for check-up. Only 17.8% have informed about family history among 28. And only 7.2% of them follow the periodic health check-up. Whereas, 14.3% had done annual check-up and 85.7% had not done. In this it was found that there was no association between the different factors such as age, education, occupation, ethnicity and other socio-demographic factor of the respondent. Lack of awareness among the women about BSE was the major issue for not practicing Breast self-examination in a community level.
Conclusion: The finding of the study concluded that practice regarding BSE is inadequate and there is no any association between practice and demographic status. The study suggested that upgrade the knowledge of BSE and increase the practice of BSE. Thus, various educational intervention/awareness programs should be conducted in a community level as for self-preventive practice.

Key words: Breast self-examination.
The Concept of Black Bile and Its Importance in Maintenance of Health
Authors: Saher Syeda Kharshiya , Zulkifle Mohd. , Ahmad Wasim
Published: April 2021

Unani system of medicine is known for its potential since ancient times. Elite Unani philosophers are credited for proposing consolidated theories and unleashing medical science from the domain of deities and demons. They have set the goal of medicine as prevention as well as cure of disease. Both the health and the disease are described in its own way in respect of functions. Unani philosophers contemplated that human body is composed of three basic components; solid (body organs), liquid (humours), gaseous (pneuma). The liquid substances of the body are collectively called as Akhlāṭ (humours). Every humour serves some specific and general functions. Basically, these are approximate principle for nutrition of organs. Black bile is one among the humours responsible for the health and the disease in the body. A right proportion of black bile keeps the body healthy, but disproportion of it causes deadly diseases. It is a fact that everything in the body is directly, or indirectly related with the four humours. In present study, a comprehensive explanation of black bile is given. Much emphasis is given on the genesis of normal and abnormal black bile. All factors responsible for alteration in black bile are enumerated thoroughly in the study. It is believed that the present work would help the reader in better understanding of the concept of black bile and their effect on the human health.
Methodology: Relevant literary material is collected from classical books of Unani system of medicine. Present work is an attempt to analyse and systematize collected relevant literary information regarding the concept of black bile and their effect on the human health.
Interpretation and conclusion: From the contents of literature; it is clear that black bile is the sediment of normal blood. It is the last to arise and receives the coarse, most meagre share of nutrients and has a retentive virtue, a cooling, drying, astringing, precipitating, condensing, solidifying effect on the metabolism necessary for building the bones, teeth and all dense, solid structures of the body. The black bile is an essential humour that keeps the body healthy. Therefore; an optimal level of black bile plays an important role in maintenance of health as other three humours. An imbalance in quality and quantity of black bile is responsible for the diseases.

Key words: Akhlāṭ Arba‘a (humours); Sawdāʼ (black bile); health; disease.
Aggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma in the Posterior Region of Mandible – A Case Report
Authors: Sutare Ajay , Parihar Ajay Pratap Singh , A.C. Varsha
Published: April 2021

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an uncommon, benign, intraosseous bony lesion of the mandible and maxilla which is variably aggressive in nature. The incidence of an aggressive and recurrence nature is greatest in a female with a ratio of 2:1. Based on the clinical and radiographic features, Central giant cell granuloma can be classified as aggressive and non-aggressive lesions. Here we report a case of central giant cell granuloma in the posterior mandibular molar region which was aggressive in nature. The clinically and radiographically swelling was evaluated with displaced tooth, pain, cortical expansion, and root resorption. The treatment varies according to the nature of the lesion, this case was treated by conservative excision with continuity of the mandible.

Key words: Aggressive, central giant cell granuloma, osteolytic lesion.
PENGENALAN MANFAAT KIMA SEBAGAI PELINDUNG EKOSISTEM LAUT DI PESISIR DESA TOLI-TOLI KECAMATAN LALONGGASUMEETO, KONAWE SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Syahartijan La Ode Muh. , Arief Iriyani Astuti , Lestari Dian Trianita
Published: April 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan karena kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat sekitar pesisir Desa Toli-Toli dan mahasiswa mengenai pentingnya Kerang Kima untuk kelestarian kawasan pesisir. Tujuan diadakannya kegiatan ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat pesisir Desa Toli-Toli dan mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional tentang pentingnya peran kerang kima untuk kelestarian ekosistem laut, kerang kima sebagai habitat yang terancam punah, manfaat kima sebagai penyaring air laut, mengenai isu-isu lingkungan laut yang juga menjadi isu yang sangat penting dalam kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional dan pentingnya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan laut. Metode yang digunakan ialah memberikan materi pengenalan tentang manfaat kima bagi ekosistem laut yang disampaikan oleh Ketua Organisasi Toli-Toli – Labengki Giant Clam Conservation, Bapak Habib Nadjar Buduha dan pemaparan materi dari sudut pandang akademis mengenai isu-isu lingkungan laut yang termasuk dalam isu keamanan non tradisional dalam hubungan internasional oleh Tim Pengabdian. Secara umum, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini telah berhasil memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat dan mahasiswa mengenai manfaat menjaga kelestarian laut secara umum dan manfaat menjaga keberlangsungan hidup kima secara khusus. Selain itu, melalui kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran bagi para mahasiswa Hubungan internasional tentang menghargai lingkungan laut yang juga menjadi salah satu isu penting dalam lingkup  internasional.Kata Kunci: kima, ekosistem laut, desa toli-tol
PENDAMPINGAN UPAYA PENINGKATAN KETAATAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP SURAT EDARAN NO. 434/572/DKIS/2020 PEMBATASAN JAM OPERASIONAL DI DESA SIDAKARYA
Authors: Setyadi I Dewa Made Gum
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penulisan Laporan PKL ini adalah untuk meninjau pengaruh adanya PKM dan pembatasan jam malam di wilayah lingkungan desa adat Sidakarya. Laporan ini menggunakan metode wawancara dengan tujuan mewawancara salah satu orang satgas penanganan Covid-19 di Desa Adat Sidakarya tentang bagaimana efektifitas atau kinerja dari PKM dan Pembatasan jam malam terhadap kepatuhan masyarakat di wiliayah Desa Adat Sidakarya. Hasil dari penulisan Laporan PKL ini menyatakan bahwa dengan diberlakukannya PKM dan Pembatasan Jam malam kinerjanya hanya untuk sebatas memberikan informasi mengenai pentingnya mematuhi protokol kesehatan bagi masyarakat Desa Adat Sidakarya, namun juga di satu sisi adanya PKM dan Pembatasan Jam malam turut mengganggu banyak aktivitas masyarakat di wilayah Desa Adat Sidakarya.
KKN TEMATIK PRODUKSI PANGAN HASIL PETERNAKAN PENDUKUNG KEBUGARAN DI SAAT PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Hafid Harapin , Nuraini Nuraini , Aka Rahim , Asminaya Nur Santy , Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih , Kimestri Asma Bio , Toba Rachmita Dewi Subaedi
Published: April 2021

KKN Tematik bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengolah pangan hasil ternak yang dikombinasikan dengan tanaman herbal untuk menghasilkan produk pangan yang mampu mendukung kebugaran di saat pandemi covid 19 di Kecamatan Wua-Wua, serta meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam bidang pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Kegiatanan KKN Tematik diimplementasikan melalui sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan. Program utama yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan KKN ini adalah: (1) Pengolahan Bakso Kelor, (2) Pengolahan Telur Asin Jahe, (3) Pembuatan Susus Kunyit, dan (4) Pengolahan Abon Ayam Temulawak. Program kerja yang dilaksanakan adalah sosialisasi mahasiswa KKN kepada masyarakat, pelatihan dan pendampingan pengolahan pangan hasil ternak, dan cara pengemasannya. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pengamatan absensi kehadiran, wawancara dan pengamatan selama kegiatan KKN berlangsung. Program KKN Tematik di Kecamatan Wua-Wua dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat mengenai pengolahan pangan hewani yang dikombinasikan dengan tanaman herbal. Selain itu kompetensi teknis mahasiswa dalam pengabdian masyarakat dapat meningkat.