bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERSENTASE PEMBEBANAN DAN DROP TEGANGAN JARINGAN TEGANGAN RENDAH PADA GARDU DISTRIBUSI GA 0032 PENYULANG WIBRATA
Authors: Ta I Ketut , Sangka I Gde Nyoman , Wijaya Ida Bagus Edy Ambhara , Sudiartha I Wayan
Published: August 2018

Listrik merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang sangat penting  untuk masyarakat dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Agar listrik dapat diandalkan, penting untuk menghindari pemadaman listrik. Dalam studi ini, penulis menganalisis persentase pembebanan dan drop tegangan pada Jaringan Tegangan Rendah di gardu distribusi GA 0032, penyulang Wibrata. Kami menghitung persentase pembebanan pada luar waktu beban puncak (LWBP) dan waktu beban puncak (WBP) dan menentukan drop tegangan pada tiang listrik terakhir GA 0032. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa perhitungan persentase pembebanan pada LWBP sebesar 59,89% dan pada WBP sebesar 81,51%. Total drop tegangan pada rentang arah B fase R sebesar 24,03 V atau 10,4%; fase S sebesar 10,36 V atau 4,36%; fase T sebesar 3,48V atau 1,51%. Sementara total drop tegangan pada rentang arah D fase R sebesar 3,48 V atau 1,51 %; fase S sebesar 2,14 V atau 0,93%; fase T sebesar 0,90 V atau 0,39%.
PERANCANGAN SIMULASI SISTEM PENDAFTARAN KURSUS BERBASIS WEB DENGAN METODE SDLC
Authors: Widharma I Gede Suputra
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang simulasi  pendaftaran kursus bagi siswa sehingga dapat diakses secara online. Selain itu, data transaksi yang terjadi dibuat agar sudah terkomputerisasi. Perancangan sistem ini menggunakan metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) dalam lima tahap yaitu Analisis, Perancangan, Implementasi, Pengujian dan Pemeliharaan. Hasil yang dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah simulasi sistem pendaftaran kursus berbasis web yang mampu melakukan pemrosesan data secara terintegrasi dan terkomputerisasi dengan baik.
Port Site Infections Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Siddiqua Sadia Sajmin , Khan Md Azizul Islam , Khan Md Arif Uddin , Sayeed Shovon
Published: August 2018

Background: Port site infections (PSIs) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an infrequent complication. Among the causes of PSIs Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare but it has been increasingly recognized in the recent years. Lack of awareness of this complication leads to prolonged morbidity. Early diagnosis and treatment is important for theresolution of the disease.Methods: This was an observational descriptive study carried out on patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In patients of PSIs, Gram and AFB staining with culture & sensitivity of pus and biopsy of abscess wall or sinus tract were obtained as per need to reach the diagnosis. Patients were treated accordingly.Results: The rate of PSIs was 3.92% in this study. Age, sex & body weight have no impact on PSIs. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism, acute cholecystitis & spillage of bile or stone during the procedure increases the rate of PSIs. Epigastric port was affected more than that of other ports. Among the causes of port site infections in 55.18% cases it was with Gram +ve bacteria, in 34.49% cases with Gram -ve bacteria, in 1.72% cases atypical mycobacteria, in 5.17% cases Mycobacterium tuberculosis & in 3.44% cases no organisms were found. Most of the PSIs developed early within one month & responded well with antibiotics. Diagnosisof port site tuberculosis was established by histopathological examination of tissue from abscess wall or sinus tract & treated as per WHO guide line. No recurrence noted at 2 years follow up.Conclusion: Port site tuberculosis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a rare entity. The present study is an attempt to make surgeons aware of this rare complication. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are prerequisites to the successful outcome. Strict adherence to well established sterilization protocol is a must for the prevention.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 51-58
Profile of Intensive Care Unit admission and Outcomes of Medical and Surgical patients at A Tertiary Government Hospital: A 5 Year Trend Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Shakera , Yusuf Omar Faruque , Alam AKM Shamsul , Awal Anisul
Published: August 2018

Background: The intensive care unit (ICU) is that part of the hospital where critically ill patients that require advanced airway, respiratory and haemodynamic supports are usually admitted. Intensive care unit admissions which aim at achieving an outcome better than if the patients were admitted into other parts of the hospital however come at a huge cost to the hospital, the personnel and patients’ relations.Objective: To audit the 5 year bed occupancy rate and outcome of medicine and surgical patients admitted into the ICU of the Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.Design: A 5 years retrospective study (Record review) from January 2012 to December 2016. Method: Data were extracted from the ICU records of the patient and analyzed.Results: During this study period, the frequency of admission into ICU was significantly more (p<0.001) from medical discipline (55.20%) than surgical disciplines (44.80%). The incidence of survival was significantly lower (p<0.001) from medical discipline (37.68%), than from surgical disciplines (49.05%). Occurrence of total ventilatory support provided in all disciplines was 60.32% and it was significantly higher for the surgical patients. Overall mortality rate was 57.23%.Conclusion: During prioritizing the patients for ICU admission surgical cases should get preference. It is primarily necessary to optimize patient to doctor ratio and patient to nurse ratio and providing the service by critical care physicians (“intensivists”) to reduce the mortality rate of ICU.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 59-62
Obesity – A global Burden, Crucial Problem for the Society
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Reza Ishrat Binte
Published: August 2018

Objectives: To aware doctors, patients, food producers and consumers.Data source: Online search via Google, 70 articles were down loaded, 52 valid papers were selected. Only 12 full text articles were eligible for review. Obesity rates have increased sharply over the past 30 years, creating a global public health crisis. The impact of obesity on morbidity, mortality, and health care costs is profound. Obesity and weight related complications exert a huge burden on patient suffering and social costs. In recent years, exciting advances have occurred in all 3 modalities used to treat obesity: lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and weight-loss procedures including bariatric surgery. Obese individuals lose approximately 6 to 8 kg (approximately 6% to 8% of initial weight) with 6 months of participation in a high-intensity lifestyle intervention ($ 14 treatment visits) consisting of diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. Such losses reduce progression to type 2 diabetes in at-risk people and decrease blood pressure and triglyceride levels. All diets, regardless of macronutrient composition, can produce clinically meaningful weight loss (.5%) if they induce a deficit of 500 kcal/d. Physical activity of 150 to 180 min/week yields modest short-term weight loss compared with diet but contributes to improvements in obesity-related conditions. Gradual weight regain is common after lifestyle intervention but can be prevented by continued participation in monthly weight loss maintenance sessions, as well as by high levels of physical activity (ie, 200 to 300min/wk). Patients unable to reduce satisfactorily with lifestyle intervention may be candidates for pharmacotherapy, recommended as an adjunct. Five medications have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management, and each has its own risk/benefit profile. The addition of these medications to lifestyle intervention increases mean weight loss by 2.5 to 8.9 kg compared with placebo. Patients with severe obesity who are unable to reduce successfully with lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy are eligible for bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or adjustable gastric banding.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 75-83
A Case of Skin Laxity
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Amin Mohammad Robed
Published: August 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 98
Species composition and diversity of cast net fisheries in New Calabar River, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Dienye HE , Olopade OA , Toby SA
Published: August 2018

A study on the catch composition and diversity of cast net fisheries was conducted between May and August, 2017 in the New Calabar River, Rivers state, using cast net of varying mesh sizes (1.5mm and 2.5mm). Fish samples were collected from three sampling stations, viz. Station1- Aluu, Station 2- Choba and Station 3- Iwofe. The fish species recorded comprised of 26 species under 11 families, and one decapod crustacean. The three most abundant species were; Coptodon guineensis (25.11%), Coptodon zilli (18.56%) both from the Cichlidae family, and Penaeus nitialis (10.90%) from the Penaeidae family, while the least abundant species was Liza grandisquamis (0.13%) from the Mugilidae family. The diversity indices showed that station 2 recorded the highest number of species (21) while station 1 recorded the lowest with (12) species. Simpson’s indexes of diversity, Simpson’s reciprocal index, Shannon- weiner index, and Pielou’s evenness index, were estimated. This study serves as a base line data which will assist relevant bodies in the management and conservation of fisheries resources in the New Calabar River. It is therefore recommended that for an improved and sustainable exploitation and management of fisheries resources of the New Calabar River, proper monitoring and management for fish stock must be done.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 19-26
Present state of knowledge on the family Begoniaceae CA Agardh (Magnoliopsida) of Bangladesh
Authors: Deb PK , Rahman MA
Published: August 2018

The inventory and assessment of species diversity in the mono-generic family Begoniaceae C. A. Agardh of Bangladesh were made through long term field investigations, collections, identification, survey and examination of preserved herbarium specimens and review of relevant taxonomic and floristic literature. The family is recognized to be represented in the flora of Bangladesh by 19 species under the genus Begonia L. Of these, 11 species were known to be previously recorded from the area of Bangladesh, hence additional 8 species of the present account are being reported here for the first time as new records from Bangladesh, these are: Begonia grandis Dryand. ssp. holostylla Irmsch. , B. heracleifolia Cham. and Schltdl. Cult., B. maculata Raddi Cult. B. modestiflora Kurz, B. muliensis T. T. Yu. Cult., B. scintillans Dunn, B. surculigera Kurz and B. thomsonii A. DC. An enumeration of these 19 species is prepared, and each species is cited with detailed taxonomic data. All species of the Begonia L. are herbaceous in nature and possess potential economic values, viz. 11 (52%) medicinal, 5 (24%) ornamental, 3 (14%) beverage, 1 (5%) food and 1 (5%) poisonous. Determination of status of occurrence showed that 2 (10.53%) species are common, 5 (26.32%) cultivated, 9 (47.36%) threatened and 3 (15.79%) possibly extinct in Bangladesh. Field photographs and hand drawings of recorded taxa are provided.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 35-46
Water quality assessment of the river Buriganga, Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema K , Begum M , Zahid M Al , Hossain ME
Published: August 2018

The present investigation was conducted to assess the water quality status of the river Buriganga. Water samples were collected from three selected stations in wet (June-August) and dry (November-January) seasons during the years 2017 and 2018. Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of water varied from 22.80 to 31.40 °C and 0.22 to 2.74 mg/L, respectively. Electrical conductivity of water varied from 180 to 598 μS/cm while pH ranged from 7.61 to 8.97. This study showed that temperature, DO and Fe were higher in wet season than in the dry season, whereas pH, conductivity and phosphate were higher in dry season than in the wet season. But manganese did not vary in different seasons. It is found that the differences of water quality parameters were significant in seasons (p<0.05) except for Fe and insignificant for stations (p>0.05) except for DO. The results reveal that there were significant differences between sampling seasons (wet and dry) (p<0.05) except for temperature and manganese. A significant correlation (p<0.01) was also found among temperature and other parameters viz. DO, conductivity, pH, phosphate. According to the result obtained in the present study, it may be said that the water quality of the river Buriganga is not acceptable to declare the river-ecosystem as a sound one ecologically.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 47-54
Basking behaviour in some nymphalid butterflies of Bangladesh
Authors: Kamrunnahar - , Akand S , Rahman S , Khan HR , Bashar MA
Published: August 2018

A through study was conducted on the basking behaviour of some nymphalid butterflies in the fields of Bhawal national park, Rema-Kalenga, Zoological and Botanical Gardens of the University of Dhaka. The time budget and the wing-posture activities of butterflies during basking period were studied butterfly species under the family Nymphalidae. The experimental species were Junonia atlites, J. almana, J. iphita, Neptis soma, Labadea martha, Ergolis ariadne, Phalantha phalantha, Hypolimnas bolina and Athyma perius. Different types of wing postures (viz. appressed, horizontal, angled and closed type) were also recorded. It is found that butterflies take more time for their basking during winter season. Most of them prefer the month of November and December for their basking. The observations reveal that thermal basking increases the temperature in the butterfly body. It directly implies how thermoregulation associated with behavioural activities in different abiotic conditions. The results also showed the importance of wing postures for thermoregulation.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 63-72
Management of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of potato: focus on natural bioactive compounds
Authors: Karim Z , Hossain MS
Published: August 2018

The bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an extremely destructive soil borne bacterial pathogen to potato. It appeared as rapid and fatal wilting symptoms in the host. The pathogen entered through different wounds and easily disseminated via infected biological material, soil, contaminated irrigation water, surface water, farm equipment etc. and could survive for many years in association with alternate hosts. It is a widely distributed and very much diversified soil borne pathogen having an unusually broad host range with long-term survivable ability. Direct yield losses caused by the pathogen varied from 30 to 90% depending on different factors such as cultivar, weather factors, soil type, cropping pattern and strain etc. Bacterial wilt continued to be an economically serious problem for field-grown potatoes in many tropical, subtropical and warmer areas of the world including Bangladesh. But the effectiveness of conventional management is limited because of some special biological features of the bacteria. Mostly protective methods and chemical control remain ineffective, antibiotics show hardly any effect, and efficacious biocontrol method has yet to be developed against the organism. However, during the recent decades, some natural bioactive compounds, viz. propolis, honey, turmeric, magnesium chloride, cow dung, aromatic rice extract, iodine, sodium bicarbonate etc. have got attention for their effectiveness in inhibiting a range of serious bacterial pathogens from both Gram positive and Gram negative types. As no conventional method has been found effective alone, such compounds could be tested for their effectiveness against the very successful soil borne bacteria to overcome the traditional management limitations.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 73-92
Habitat heterogeneity and butterfly diversity of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India
Authors: Paria S , Ghosh S , Mardaraj PC , Mallick PH , Chakraborty SK
Published: August 2018

The present communication aims to highlight the trend of distribution of butterfly species in and around the protected forest areas of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS), characterized with habitat heterogeneity with respect to vegetational assemblages, soil profiles and water bodies in comparison to butterfly diversity in other parts of India and neighbouring country. Butterfly diversity and distribution along with the seasonal gradients across three landscape areas, viz., LSE1, LSE2 and LSE3 were recorded at Kuldiha, Odisha, India using line transect. The method has generated baseline information relating not only to diversity, but also synchronization with vegetative growth coupled with phenological periodicity, and habitat heterogeneity of this aesthetically celebrated faunal component in a tropical deciduous evergreen forest landscape. A total of 95 species belonging to 63 genera and 5 families was encountered throughout the whole study period (Winter, 2015 to Summer, 2018) excepting the monsoon months. Post monsoon lepidopteran assemblage pattern was quite different from that of the pre-monsoon. Maximum diversity was observed in the LSE2, i.e. Mixed forest type exposed to certain levels of anthropogenic interactions. Present studies are considerably contribute to the ecobiology of the studied flagship species in particular and as a step towards holistic conservation strategy of an ecopotential sanctuary in the tropical country, India in general.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 93-104
Effects of sodium chloride on germination and seedling growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Chowdhury FM Tonmoy , Halim MA , Hossain Feroza , Akhtar Nahid
Published: August 2018

The response of BARI Sunflower-2 (Helianthus annuus L.) to sodium chloride (NaCl) at germination and early seedling growth was investigated. The seeds and seedlings of sunflower were treated with a series of eight different concentrations of NaCl viz 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mM and distilled water (control) and were allowed to grow under plate culture condition. The results showed that the highest salinity concentration (200 mM NaCl) remarkably decreased the germination percentage, germination index and speed of germination of BARI Sunflower-2. Fresh and dry masses of both shoot and root were significantly reduced at a 25-200 mM NaCl solution. Significant reductions of shoot and root length were also noted with the increase of NaCl concentration. The results also illustrate that up to 50 mM NaCl concentration, all of the germination indices and fresh and dry biomass were withstand more than 70%. Thus the present study concluded that the BARI Sunflower-2 could be cultivated in moderately saline soil.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(1): 35-44, 2018 (June)
x-The Effect of Microstructure on the Corrosion Fatigue Property of A7N01P-T4 Aluminum Alloy Welding Joints
Authors: Xiao Feng , An Jiangli , Chen Hui , Li P. , Gao Wei
Published: August 2018

The corrosion fatigue short crack propagation (CFSCP) behavior of A7N01P-T4 Al alloy welded joints in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution has been investigated. The test results indicate that the CFSCP followed a cyclical type of growth. Microscopic study shows that almost all second-phase particles are distributed along the grain boundary areas. These particles were easily dissolved during the corrosion fatigue test, resulting in weak grain boundaries. Therefore, the fatigue short crack will grow along the winding grain boundaries. While the second-phase particles on the grain boundaries were the main factor to cause the intergranular crack. Transgranular cracking may occur to the coarse grains in the matrix, which indicate that grain size also has a strong influence on the CFSCP behavior of A7N01P-T4 Al alloy.
Interactive Effects of Water Chemistry, Hydrodynamics, and Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Causing Erosion Corrosion of Copper in Hot Water Recirculation Systems: Case Study and Experimental Work
Authors: Roy Siddhartha , Edwards Marc A.
Published: August 2018

Erosion corrosion, or flow-induced failure, of copper is a complex phenomenon driven by a multitude of water quality, hydrodynamic, and electrochemical factors. This most common form of corrosion attack in hot water is likely to increase with newer Legionella risk-management regulations promulgating increased water recirculation, hotter water temperatures, and higher chlorine disinfectant dose. The current work reports findings from an investigation into widespread copper plumbing failure due to erosion corrosion in a large building complex by systematically exploring the effects of relevant water chemistry and hydrodynamic variables on localized erosion corrosion attack. The results seriously call into question decades of conventional wisdom by demonstrating that hard waters are not inherently less aggressive than soft water; in fact, if calcium carbonate solids form they can become even more aggressive. Entrained particles significantly accelerated attack on copper pipe walls, especially in high-turbulence areas like bends. This is the first research study to reliably reproduce rapid erosion corrosion failures in realistic potable water chemistry in the laboratory.
Entitlement to Islands, Rocks and Low – Tide Elevations in the South China Sea: Geoeconomics versus Rule of Law
Authors: Salako Solomon E.
Published: August 2018

Entitlement to islands, rocks and low-tide elevations in the South China Sea is based either on historical claims under customary international law or on maritime claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS). China’s ‘entitlement’ to islands, rocks and low-tide elevations in the South China Sea is based on historical claims spanning over two thousand years. However, there are other littoral claimants such as Taiwan, the Philippines, Vietman and Japan, and what is more, the United States is implicated in Japan’s claim for historical and other reasons. The objects of this article are to evaluate the rule of law and geoeconomics in claims to islands, rocks and low-tide elevations in the South China Sea, especially the Philippines-China arbitration; to show that the historical and maritime claims intersect and collide; to evaluate the United States’ involvement and the Thucydides trap; and to articulate the reasons why geoeconomics should guide not only the interpretation of UNCLOS but also state responses in terms of joint development and unilateral strategies.
NATO Standards and Practice for Munitions Safety and Insensitive Munitions
Authors: BAKER Ernest , van der VOORT Martijn , POPE Martin
Published: August 2018

The NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC) is a multinational collaboration that collects, stores, and analyses technical information related to Munitions Safety (MS) and Insensitive Munitions (IM). MSIAC supports its member nations through a variety of products and services. Poland is becoming a MSIAC member nation during 2018. MSIAC has a diverse programme of work aimed at developing and sharing the related underpinning scientific knowledge. This is then applied to support policy implementation and development related to munition safety. This paper provides an overview of: NATO policies for MS related to the storage and transport of munitions; NATO IM requirements and testing; and how they relate to Poland. In particular, a comparison of NATO munitions storage policy with Poland munitions storage regulations has identified some differences. These differences are discussed.
Use of Graphene for Shaped Charge Liner Materials
Authors: MAJEWSKI Tomasz , JACKOWSKI Adam
Published: August 2018

The paper presents some selected results of tests performed as part of a research task titled "Use of graphene and new multilayer explosive material technologies in shaped charge liner materials". The main aim of the experiments was to test the possibilities of using graphene as an addition to materials used for shaped charge liner production. The primary factors that need to be considered when selecting materials for shaped charge liners are presented. The paper contains a description of the powder materials used, as well as a description of the primary manufacturing steps, encompassing the powder blend preparation, pressing and sintering operations. The results of experiments intended to determine the effects of selected manufacturing process parameters on the porosity of the resulting compacts and sinters are shown, both for products made of pure copper powder and graphene-coated powder. Subsequently, test results for manufacturing of liners made using copper powder pressed using the die and isostatic methods are presented. Liners made of copper powder blends with a varying content of graphene-coated copper powder were also manufactured, and densities and porosities of the resulting sinters were compared.
Issues of Designing and Testing Regular Cellular Structures Manufactured Using Additive Technologies
Authors: JANISZEWSKI Jacek , PŁATEK Paweł , DZIEWIT Piotr , SARZYŃSKA Katarzyna
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to present selected aspects related to designing and testing energy-absorbing regular 2D cellular structures produced using additive manufacturing techniques. The test methodology proposed by the authors included manufacturing structures using two techniques of 3D printing, differing in their manufacturing processes and capacity. The FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) method enabled the analysis of the deformation process of a wide range of topologies in terms of quasi-static and impact loads. The LENS (Laser Engineered Net Shaping) method allowed for manufacturing structures made of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, characterised by a high mechanical strength. The paper presents the most important issues related to testing regular cellular structures under different loading conditions, in particular under dynamic deformation conditions with the use of the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique. The main issues related to the construction of an SHPB station are discussed and the specific nature of testing cellular structures in a classic Hopkinson bar system, as well as in so-called direct impact systems are described. Furthermore, the issues of numerical modelling of cellular structure deformations are discussed at length, with a particular focus on the definition of assumptions necessary for their correct modelling.
Ballistic Analysis of Polish Low-Vulnerability Gun Propellants
Authors: CZYŻEWSKA Marta , FIKUS Bartosz , LECIEJEWSKI Zbigniew , MICHALSKI Jakub , SURMA Zbigniew , TRĘBIŃSKI Radosław
Published: August 2018

One direction of modern artillery ammunition development is to reduce its vulnerability to the effects of mechanical and thermal factors during transport, storage and operation. For LOVA, the reduced vulnerability of propellant explosives intended for loading into this ammunition is usually connected with a higher thermal ignition impulse threshold and reduced burning rate under low propellant gas pressure. Since 2016, work has been under way at the Military University of Technology (Warsaw, Poland), intended to develop a Polish low-vulnerability gun propellant for 120 mm tank ammunition. It was established during the initial stage of research and analysis, that the JA-2 gun propellant (more specifically, its energy and ballistics characteristics and geometrical dimensions of grains) will be the reference propellant for the low-vulnerability propellant in development. To this end, the authors performed closed vessel tests with JA-2 propellant (with seven-perforated grains designated LO5460). This paper contains comparative (with the JA-2 propellant) results of closed vessel tests of several propellant blends developed by the MUT Faculty of New Technologies and Chemistry research team. Closed vessel tests of these propellant blends were performed in the Ballistics Laboratory of the MUT Institute of Armament Technology using a manometric chamber with a volume W0 = 200 cm3. Experimental tests and theoretical analyses were performed based on provisions of the standardisation agreement STANAG 4115 [6], American military standard MIL-STD 286C [7] and original test procedures developed based on [8, 9]. The tests focused mainly on the issue of correlation between the chemical composition of the given propellant blend with the expected values of energy and ballistics characteristics in connection with the required shape of propellant grains.
Major Conditions of Shooting Range Operation in Poland
Authors: GACEK Józef , MARCINIAK Bronisław , WOŹNIAK Ryszard
Published: August 2018

Under the "Authorisations of the Minister of National Defence" (latest - No. 57/MON dated 22 December 2014), a Permanent Expert Team operates at the Institute of Armament Technology of the Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace of the Military University of Technology (Warsaw, Poland), performing test shootings for the purpose of verifying the fulfilment of technical requirements to be met by garrison shooting ranges and their locations. During almost 20 years of its activity, the Team has conducted research studies under more than 325 civil law contracts concluded with operators of shooting ranges, numerous expert analyses and prepared specialist opinions for courts and prosecutor's offices, and participated in the creation of normative acts and documents, concerning - among others - provision of safety of the operated field training facilities, mainly garrison and training ground shooting ranges. The results of the Team's work have been used, among others, by the Ministry of National Defence (with the active participation of the Team) to prepare regulations of the Minister of National Defence concerning the technical conditions to be met by garrison shooting ranges and their locations.
The first of these regulations was issued on 4 October 2001 (Polish Journal of Laws of 2001, no. 132, item 1479), and its latest revision on 15 December 2017 (Polish Journal of Laws of 2018, item 113). The paper presents selected results of studies of the Permanent Expert Team related to, among others, ensuring the safety of users of garrison and training ground shooting ranges, which form a part of the field training facilities of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, the Police, the Border Guard, the Customs Service, security companies, hunting and sports organisations. Of particular value are the conclusions and propositions of the Expert Team related to, for example: improvement of quality of the law created in Poland, concerning in particular training facilities; ensuring safety at shooting ranges during training with firearms of various types and calibres, utilising various types of ammunition; expert supervision over construction, acceptance and operation of shooting ranges; principles of safe operation of shooting ranges, ensuring longevity of the facilities, etc.
Wyniki pierwszego etapu projektu rozwojowego RAWAT
Authors: WOŹNIAK Ryszard
Published: August 2018

W dniu 19.12.2012 r. Konsorcjum Naukowe w składzie: Instytut Techniki Uzbrojenia Wydziału Mechatroniki i Lotnictwa Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego (WAT) w Warszawie (lider) i Fabryka Broni „Łucznik”-Radom Sp. z o.o. (FB Radom) w Radomiu przystąpiło do realizacji projektu badawczego rozwojowego o nr. O ROB 0034 03 001 pt. „Opracowanie, wykonanie oraz badania konstrukcyjno-technologiczne Modułowego Systemu Broni Strzeleckiej kalibru 5,56 mm (MSBS-5,56)”. Projekt ten jest realizowany zgodnie z „Umową
Nr DOBR/0034/R/ID1/2012/03 o wykonanie i współfinansowanie projektu realizowanego na rzecz bezpieczeństwa i obronności państwa”. W dniu 08.06.2017 r. Aneksem nr 3 do umowy zwiększono zakres projektu, wyznaczając termin jego zakończenia na dzień 18.04.2020 r. W artykule przedstawiono cel i zakres projektu o nr. O ROB 0034 03 001, który wpisuje się w program operacyjny Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej pod kryptonim TYTAN. Opisano obowiązujące etapy jego realizacji oraz scharakteryzowano rezultaty pierwszego etapu (zakończonego 31.10.2017 r.). Szczególną uwagę zwrócono zwłaszcza na zaprezentowanie najważniejszych wyników, osiągniętych podczas realizacji poszczególnych zadań, które determinowały osiągnięcie założonego celu głównego pierwszego etapu. Wskazano również kierunki dalszych prac rozwojowych nad system w etapie drugim projektu.
Przenośny System do Przechwytywania Miniaturowych Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych (PSP-MBSP)
Authors: LEŚNIK Grzegorz
Published: August 2018

W pracy przedstawiono zakres i stan obecny realizowanego w Instytucie Techniki Uzbrojenia (ITU) Wydziału Mechatroniki i Lotnictwa (WML) Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej (WAT) projektu DOB-1P/02/18/2016, finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju (NCBR). W ramach projektu powstaje Przenośny System do Przechwytywania Miniaturowych Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych (PSP-MBSP). System ten, jest odpowiedzią na już występujące i stale zwiększające się zagrożenie, spowodowane nielegalnym i nieautoryzowanym wykorzystaniem bezzałogowych statków powietrznych (BSP), zwyczajowo nazywanych dronami, w tym zwłaszcza podczas imprez masowych, zgromadzeń, wydarzeń sportowych itp. Ideą rozwijanego rozwiązania jest fizyczne przechwycenie MBSP (o rozpiętości płatów lub wirnika poniżej 25 cm) znajdującego się na wysokości kilkudziesięciu metrów poprzez wystrzelenie w jego kierunku pocisku siatkowego, który w odpowiedniej odległości od celu ulegnie rozcaleniu, spowoduje wyrzucenie i rozłożenie siatki przechwytującej oraz uchwycenie MBSP, a następnie jego kontrolowane sprowadzenie na powierzchnię ziemi. Takie rozwiązanie zapewni dużą skuteczność przy zachowaniu maksymalnego poziomu bezpieczeństwa osób i instalacji znajdujących się w rejonie operowania PSP-MBSP.
Review of data on hoof growth in normal and laminitic equines suggests a new aetiology for acute laminitis
Authors: Ryan Thomas P
Published: August 2018

Background. To gain a greater insight into normal and laminitic hoof growth and to be able to make comparisons between the two groups.

Methods. Ten normal and three laminitic equines completed the survey, each hoof was marked with a horizontal file mark in three places, the dorsal wall and each medial and lateral quarter at about 1cm below the coronary band. Measurement of the progression of the file mark was made every 28 days, a total of 1,872 measurements were made.

Results. Equine hoof growth rates showed seasonal variation with greater rates of growth during the summer months and slower rates during the winter. In normal horses growth was slower at the quarters compared to the dorsal region but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

During the summer months laminitic hoof growth at the quarters was significantly faster than at the laminitic dorsal region (p< 0.05). The rate of accelerated growth at the laminitic quarters reduced during the winter months and was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Discussion. The results of this measurement survey highlighted that laminitic hoof growth is remarkably different at the quarters. This raises the question of when the transition from normal to laminitic hoof growth takes place. Traditionally changes in hoof shape during laminitis have been assumed to be a consequence of the acute phase but this has never been confirmed. The possibility exists that abnormal hoof growth could commence early in the developmental phase, the implications of abnormal hoof growth commencing at this stage are profound. A new etiology for equine laminitis then becomes possible, based on accelerated hoof growth at the quarters inducing the hoof capsule to change in shape; this process would have the capacity to subject the underlying dorsal dermal laminae to forces of extension which would be capable of destroying the laminal interface.
A brief introduction to Open Data, Open Source Software and Collective Intelligence for environmental data creators and users
Authors: Hengl Tomislav , Wheeler Ichsani , MacMillan Robert A
Published: August 2018

Using the term "Open data" has become a bit of a fashion, but using it without clear specifications is misleading i.e. it can be considered just an empty phrase. Probably even worse is the term "Open Science" — can science be NOT open at all? Are we reinventing something that should be obvious from start? This guide tries to clarify some key aspects of Open Data, Open Source Software and Crowdsourcing using examples of projects and business. It aims at helping you understand and appreciate complexity of Open Data, Open Source software and Open Access publications. It was specifically written for producers and users of environmental data, however, the guide will likely be useful to any data producers and user.
Record of Baird’s tapir Tapirus bairdii at the La Suerte Biological Field Station in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica.
Authors: Brandt LaRoy S E , Singleton Maggie
Published: August 2018

Widely recognized as the largest terrestrial mammal in the Neotropics, the globally endangered, IUCN Red-listed, Baird’s tapir Tapirus bairdii has been in a continual decline due to habitat loss, localized hunting, and their low reproductive rates. Because of its ecological role, the loss of this species is likely to have a cascading effect on a number of species that are important to the ecological functioning of the remaining fragments of tropical forests across Central America. As efforts continue to identify regions where this species still persists throughout its known range, we report here a new record of T. bairdii in the Caribbean lowlands of northeast Costa Rica. Although T. bairdii may have historical existed in the region surrounding the field station, they were believed to be extirpated with only anecdotal reports suggesting their continued existence.
Trametes versicolor glutathione transferase Xi 3, a dual Cys‐GST with catalytic specificities of both Xi and Omega classes
Authors: Schwartz Mathieu , Perrot Thomas , Deroy Aurélie , Roret Thomas , Morel‐Rouhier Mélanie , Mulliert Guillermo , Gelhaye Eric , Favier Frédérique , Didierjean Claude
Published: August 2018

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) from the Xi and Omega classes have a catalytic cysteine residue, which gives them reductase activities. Until now, they have been assigned distinct substrates. While Xi GSTs specifically reduce glutathionyl‐(hydro)quinones, Omega GSTs are specialized in the reduction of glutathionyl‐acetophenones. Here, we present the biochemical and structural analysis of TvGSTX1 and TvGSTX3 isoforms from the wood‐degrading fungus Trametes versicolor. TvGSTX1 reduces GS‐menadione as expected, while TvGSTX3 reduces both Xi and Omega substrates. An in‐depth structural analysis indicates a broader active site for TvGSTX3 due to specific differences in the nature of the residues situated in the C‐terminal helix α9. This feature could explain the catalytic duality of TvGSTX3. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we propose that this duality might exist in saprophytic fungi and ascomycetes.
The C‐terminal segment of collagenase in Grimontia hollisae binds collagen to enhance collagenolysis
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Teramura Naoko , Hayashida Osamu , Iijima Katsumasa , Okitsu Teru , Hattori Shunji
Published: August 2018

The collagenase secreted by Grimontia hollisae strain 1706B is a 74 kDa protein that consists of two parts: the catalytic module and a C‐terminal segment that includes the bacterial pre‐peptidase C‐terminal domain. Here, we produced a recombinant C‐terminal segment protein and examined its ability to bind collagen and other characteristics as compared with collagen‐binding domains (CBDs) derived from Hathewaya histolytica (Clostridium histolyticum) collagenases; these CBDs are the only ones thus far identified in bacterial collagenases. We found that the C‐terminal segment binds to collagen only when the collagen is in its triple‐helical conformation. Moreover, the C‐terminal segment and the CBDs from H. histolytica have comparable characteristics, including binding affinity to type I collagen, substrate spectrum, and binding conditions with respect to salt concentration and pH. However, the C‐terminal segment has a completely different primary structure from those of the CBDs from H. histolytica. As regards secondary structure, in silico prediction indicates that the C‐terminal segment may be homologous to those in CBDs from H. histolytica. Furthermore, we performed collagenase assays using fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled type I collagen to show that the C‐terminal segment positively contributes to the collagenolytic activity of the 74 kDa collagenase from G. hollisae.
Evaluation of automatic contour propagation in T2‐weighted 4DMRI for normal‐tissue motion assessment using internal organ‐at‐risk volume (IRV)
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Markova Svetlana , Garcia Alejandro , Huang Kirk , Nie Xingyu , Choi Wookjin , Lu Wei , Wu Abraham , Rimner Andreas , Li Guang
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of automatically propagated contours of organs at risk (OARs) based on respiratory‐correlated navigator‐triggered four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (RC‐4DMRI) for calculation of internal organ‐at‐risk volume (IRV) to account for intra‐fractional OAR motion.

Methods and Materials

T2‐weighted RC‐4DMRI images were of 10 volunteers acquired and reconstructed using an internal navigator‐echo surrogate and concurrent external bellows under an IRB‐approved protocol. Four major OARs (lungs, heart, liver, and stomach) were delineated in the 10‐phase 4DMRI. Two manual‐contour sets were delineated by two clinical personnel and two automatic‐contour sets were propagated using free‐form deformable image registration. The OAR volume variation within the 10‐phase cycle was assessed and the IRV was calculated as the union of all OAR contours. The OAR contour similarity between the navigator‐triggered and bellows‐rebinned 4DMRI was compared. A total of 2400 contours were compared to the most probable ground truth with a 95% confidence level (S95) in similarity, sensitivity, and specificity using the simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) algorithm.

Results

Visual inspection of automatically propagated contours finds that approximately 5–10% require manual correction. The similarity, sensitivity, and specificity between manual and automatic contours are indistinguishable (P > 0.05). The Jaccard similarity indexes are 0.92 ± 0.02 (lungs), 0.89 ± 0.03 (heart), 0.92 ± 0.02 (liver), and 0.83 ± 0.04 (stomach). Volume variations within the breathing cycle are small for the heart (2.6 ± 1.5%), liver (1.2 ± 0.6%), and stomach (2.6 ± 0.8%), whereas the IRV is much larger than the OAR volume by: 20.3 ± 8.6% (heart), 24.0 ± 8.6% (liver), and 47.6 ± 20.2% (stomach). The Jaccard index is higher in navigator‐triggered than bellows‐rebinned 4DMRI by 4% (P < 0.05), due to the higher image quality of navigator‐based 4DMRI.

Conclusion

Automatic and manual OAR contours from Navigator‐triggered 4DMRI are not statistically distinguishable. The navigator‐triggered 4DMRI image provides higher contour quality than bellows‐rebinned 4DMRI. The IRVs are 20–50% larger than OAR volumes and should be considered in dose estimation.
Anti‐Biofouling and Healable Materials: Preparation, Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Shuo , Guo Weiwei
Published: August 2018

Preventing biofouling is challenging for a wide range of biomedical applications. Although materials with good anti‐biofouling properties are reported, their antifouling functions are readily lost when detachments or scratches occur through physical damage and chemical degradation by water, oxygen, or possible catalytic ions in water containing reactive environments. Consequently, it is important to develop durable anti‐biofouling materials with healing abilities. This review summarizes the important developments in five kinds of anti‐biofouling materials categorized according to healing mechanisms and material properties in the recent five years, namely structural rearrangement‐, reaction‐, ionic bond‐, and hydrogel‐based healing materials, as well as other healable antifouling materials. The healing mechanisms and potential biomedical applications of these healable anti‐biofouling materials are emphasized.
Stimuli‐Responsive 2D Materials Beyond Graphene
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhang Jiaqian , Wan Siyu , Wang Wanying , Fu Lei
Published: August 2018

The development of graphene‐based responsive material has gained tremendous attention in recent decades and has led to search for alternative 2D materials beyond graphene. In recent years, due to their large surface‐to‐volume ratio, atomic thickness, and excellent selectivity of molecular adsorption, 2D materials beyond graphene, including hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes, have exhibited great potential in stimuli‐responsiveness. This review explores the five representative stimulus behaviors (temperature, light, gas, electric, and water) of 2D materials beyond graphene and their applications in sensors, detectors, smart devices, photothermal therapy, and actuators. To understand these stimuli‐responsive behaviors in depth, the typical responsive mechanisms are also described. This review summarizes the recent progress in stimuli‐responsive 2D materials beyond graphene and future perspectives to inspire broader and more combined designs using multiple stimuli, and to motivate more exciting developments based on these promising 2D materials beyond graphene.
3D Metaphotonic Nanostructures with Intrinsic Chirality
Authors: Qiu Meng , Zhang Lei , Tang Zhixiang , Jin Wei , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Lei Dang Yuan
Published: August 2018

Chirality is a universal geometric property in both micro‐ and macroworlds. Recently, optical chiral effects have drawn increased attention due to their great potential in fundamental studies and practical applications. Significantly, the optical chiral response of artificial structures can be enhanced by orders of magnitude compared to that of their naturally occurring counterparts. These man‐made structures generally exhibit two types of optical chirality: extrinsic chirality and intrinsic chirality. The former relies on external illumination conditions, while the latter arises from the geometric characteristics of 3D objects. Herein, this review mainly focuses on the intrinsic chirality of artificial structures and discusses the existing realizations based on their design principles. In particular, an overview is given of the recent demonstrations of nonlinear optical effects in chiral structures and active chiral structures. Lastly, some promising prospects for future studies in the field are outlined.
Soft Tubular Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Biomechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Liu Guo Xu , Li Wen Jian , Liu Wen Bo , Bu Tian Zhao , Guo Tong , Jiang Dong Dong , Zhao Jun Qing , Xi Feng Ben , Hu Wei Guo , Zhang Chi
Published: August 2018

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), fabricated by soft materials with advantages of flexibility, stretchability, and water resistance, is a potential means for biomechanical energy harvesting. Herein, a soft tubular TENG (ST‐TENG) is proposed, which is composed of a flexible conductive sponge as the inner electrode and a soft silicone tube as the dielectric layer with the helix outer electrode. The ST‐TENG can be built in outsoles and harvest various biomechanical energy including pressing, bending, and twisting. The output performance of ST‐TENG was thoroughly investigated and the surface charge density can reach to 175.4 µC m−2. The ST‐TENG has stable and durable characteristics for 1.2 × 106 working cycles, 100 h soaking, and 5000 times bending. By walking or jogging with the ST‐TENG tubes, several portable electronics such as thermometer, digital watch, and calculator can be continuously powered. The soft energy harvester in this work has made a significant progress in self‐powered devices.