bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bringing Minds Together: High‐speed Railways, Team Building, and Innovation Collaboration
Authors: Li Chao , Zhou Qian , Chen Shi
Published: November 2022

This paper studies the impact of increased travelling efficiency on “innovation collaboration” between cities. It exploits China's recent high‐speed railway (HSR) connections in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei urban agglomeration. The paper instrumented HSR connections using the postal routes of the Yuan Dynasty and measured innovation collaboration using detailed information on patent applicants and citations. The results show that HSRs led to an increase in innovation collaboration by 121.7 percent from 1998 to 2016, and their overall quality increased by 111.3 percent. In comparison with universities (public sector), the paper found that private sector firms' patent outcomes showed a larger increase in both quantity and quality after the HSR connection. Interestingly, we found that the teams of researchers whose members changed after the HSR connection benefited the most in comparison with both continuing teams and newly formed teams. Additional results prove that HSRs contributed to the coordinated development of the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei urban agglomeration. The results remained robust using alternative model specifications.
Smarter and Cleaner: The Digital Economy and Environmental Pollution
Authors: Wan Qianqian , Shi Daqian
Published: November 2022

The ongoing diffusion of digital technology into socio‐economic activity has triggered hopes of minimizing environmental pollution. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the digital economy and the intensity of SO2 pollutant emissions and to examine the mechanism that explains how digitalization leads to the reduction of pollutants from the perspective of environmental regulations. We applied the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation approach to construct a comprehensive index system to measure the digital economy in China. Then we examined the correlation between the digital economy and SO2 pollution intensity. To analyze the mechanism, we investigated the moderating effect of environmental regulations and also took macroscopic mechanisms (such as innovation and industrial structure) into consideration. Our empirical results indicated that the digital economy had a negative effect on SO2 pollution intensity. The negative impact was greater for medium‐sized provinces with abundant resources in eastern and southern China. We also found that environmental regulations (e.g., environmental legislation and environmental penalties) moderated the impact of the digital economy on SO2 pollution intensity, and the same was true for several macro mechanisms (e.g., innovation, industrial structure, and labor productivity, etc.). This has implications for how the government implements environmental regulations in the future.
S1‐Guideline: Microscopically controlled surgery
Authors: Kofler Lukas , Ziemer Mirjana , Andrulis Mindaugas , Horn Dominik , Kulas Philipp , Kunte Christian , Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi
Published: November 2022

Microscopically controlled surgery (MCS) comprises various methods allowing histologically proven complete resection of malignant tumors while at the same time sparing the tumor‐free tissue in the immediate vicinity as much as possible. All procedures subsumed under MCS have in common the marking of the excised tissue for topographical orientation, which provides an assignment of remaining tumor remnants. Indications for MCS are malignant skin tumors in problem localizations as well as aggressive subtypes of skin tumors. Established indications for MCS include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen’s disease as well as Bowen’s carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, melanoma in chronically light‐damaged skin as well as acral lentiginous melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. For other tumors such as extramammary Paget’s disease and various cutaneous sarcomas, evidence exists that MCS has demonstrated benefits, such as local recurrence rates. In addition, MCS is indicated when it is foreseeable that a complex closure technique is required and complete resection of the tumor must be assured. Various methods of MCS have been described, including 3D histology, horizontal method and Mohs surgery. A close cooperation of qualified surgeons and (dermato)pathologists as well as laboratory staff is essential for the successful application of MCS.
Does the right ventricle size influence the left ventricle size and function in children with Ebstein anomaly?
Authors: Sokolov Alexander A. , Egunov Oleg A. , Krivoshchekov Evgeny V. , Cetta Frank
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Patients with Ebstein anomaly (EA) have a variety of clinical manifestation. The assessment of structural and geometric characteristics of the heart is important for optimal management.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed echocardiography database from 2009 to 2020. We evaluate patients in two groups: patients with EA were in Group 1 and children without cardiovascular pathology were in Group 2. All children in both groups underwent echocardiography according to American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. The shape of the heart chambers and their function were studied in both groups.

Results

There were 153 in Group 1 and 2000 children without cardiovascular disease in Group 2. It was shown that in children with EA, the shape of the ventricle became less spherical, which was accompanied by a decrease in myocardial mass, and the ejection fraction was reduced 34% of patients. The functional volume (non‐atrialized part) of the right ventricle in patients with EA was reduced, and its contractility was preserved in 62% of cases. Preservation of the contractile properties of the right ventricle in most cases was associated with higher systolic pressure in its cavity.

Conclusion

TAPSE, TESV, and the velocity of the annulus fibrous ring movement according to tissue dopplerography in patients with EA do not allow us to assess the contractility of the right ventricle. The myocardial performance index (MPI) characterizes a decrease in the functional volume of the right ventricle.
Isolated accessory tricuspid valve leaflet in asymptomatic adult
Authors: Inampudi Jyothik V. , Yirerong Juliet , Sharma Gyanendra K. , Gavlinksi Sheena , Essa Amr
Published: November 2022

Accessory tricuspid valve (ATV) is a rare congenital anomaly that is often seen in complex congenital anomalies in children with very few reported cases in adults. We report a case of isolated ATV in an asymptomatic adult with no other congenital defects along with illustrative transesophageal echocardiographic 2D, 3D, high‐resolution photo‐realistic images.
Putting permanent grassland at the heart of a European agroecological transition: Findings and questions arising from the ‘Ten Years for Agroecology’ (TYFA) scenario
Authors: Poux Xavier , Aubert Pierre‐Marie
Published: November 2022

While the importance of permanent grasslands (PG) for the conservation of high nature value habitats is often acknowledged, their role in most of the main sustainable food system scenarios published in the last few years is less explicit. In the best case, the place of permanent grassland in scenarios and policy agendas is their conservation; in the worst one, they are simply replaced by afforested land or cropland, considered as a better option when the focus is on GHG emissions only. In this paper, we defend the idea that several misinterpretations of the positive and negative impacts of ruminants, the ‘natural’ users of PG, explain why ruminants are poorly addressed by most scenarios. Based on the findings of an agroecological scenario for Europe—TYFA, standing for Ten Years For Agroecology—in which extensive permanent grassland and ruminants together play a prominent role for biodiversity conservation, nitrogen cycling and climate change mitigation and adaptation, we call for a research agenda that would better inform the specific role of PG in the provision of ecosystem services—and in particular those that depend on nitrogen management.
Embedding health literacy research and best practice within a socioeconomically and culturally diverse health service: A narrative case study and revised model of co‐creation
Authors: Muscat Danielle M. , Mouwad Dana , McCaffery Kirsten , Zachariah Dipti , Tunchon Lyn , Ayre Julie , Nutbeam Don
Published: November 2022

Background

Health literacy interventions and research outcomes are not routinely or systematically implemented within healthcare systems. Co‐creation with stakeholders is a potential vehicle through which to accelerate and scale up the implementation of innovation from research.

Methods

This narrative case study describes an example of the application of a co‐creation approach to improve health literacy in an Australian public health system that provides hospital and community health services to one million people from socioeconomically and culturally diverse backgrounds. We provide a detailed overview of the value co‐creation stages and strategies used to build a practical and sustainable working relationship between a University‐based academic research group and the local health district focussed on improving health literacy.

Results

Insights from our experience over a 5‐year period informed the development of a revised model of co‐creation. The model incorporates a practical focus on the structural enablers of co‐creation, including the development of a Community of Practice, co‐created strategic direction and shared management systems. The model also includes a spectrum of partnership modalities (spanning relationship‐building, partnering and co‐creating), acknowledging the evolving nature of research partnerships and reinforcing the flexibility and commitment required to achieve meaningful co‐creation in research. Four key facilitators of health literacy co‐creation are identified: (i) local champions, (ii) co‐generated resources, (iii) evolving capability and understanding and (iv) increasing trust and partnership synergy.

Conclusion

Our case study and co‐creation model provide insights into mechanisms to create effective and collaborative ways of working in health literacy which may be transferable to other health fields in Australia and beyond.

Patient and Public Contribution

Our co‐creation approach brought together a community of practice of consumers, healthcare professionals and researchers as equal partners.
Photocatalytic performance of Al and Nb‐doped TiO2nanoparticles prepared by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method
Authors: Ücker Cátia Liane , Almeida Suelen R. , Vitale Marcelo L. , Riemke Fábio C. , Ferrer Mateus M. , Moreira Eduardo C. , Raubach Cristiane W. , Cava Sergio
Published: November 2022

Microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis of aluminum (Al)‐doped TiO2(ALT) and niobium (Nb)‐doped TiO2(NBT) nanoparticles were carried out. Investigations were performed to examine the crystallinity, vibrational modes, surface morphology, and composition using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The XRD study indicated the higher crystallinity of the ALT particles compared to the Al and Nb‐doped TiO2(ALNBT) particles, and only the presence of the anatase phase was observed in all samples. As a result of doping, the Raman mode at ∼147 cm−1is found to be shifted toward a higher wavenumber for both samples. SEM analysis showed the spherical morphology of ALT and NBT nanoparticles. The elemental composition peaks of Al, titanium, Nb, and oxygen were noticed by EDS measurements. Furthermore, both prepared nanoparticles were used as photocatalytic materials. The Nb and Al‐doped samples showed an improvement in the photocatalysis response in relation to the pure TiO2sample, in which Al‐doped sample was able to decolorize 100% of rhodamine B in 75 min of analysis.
Impact of low and high body mass index on predicting therapeutic efficacy and prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Takemoto Kenshiro , Sekino Yohei , Kitano Hiroyuki , Ikeda Kenichiro , Goto Keisuke , Hieda Keisuke , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Kato Masao , Kadonishi Yuichi , Kajiwara Mitsuru , Teishima Jun , Mita Koji , Maruyama Satoshi , Shigeta Masanobu , Hinata Nobuyuki
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the significance of both low and high body mass index (BMI) as a biomarker in first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods

The oncological outcome of 235 patients with mRCC treated with TKI from 2007 to 2018 was reviewed retrospectively. All patients received first‐line TKI as therapy. We analyzed the relationship between BMI (low and high) and disease control rate. The primary outcome was progression free survival and overall survival, and the association between BMI and survival prognosis was evaluated.

Results

The median BMI was 22.5 kg/m2, and 25 patients (10.7%) had a low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), 158 patients (67.2%) had a normal BMI (18.5–25 kg/m2), and 52 patients (22.1%) had a high BMI (≥ 25 kg/m2). Patients in the low BMI group had a significantly lower disease control rate, whereas patients in the high BMI group had a significantly higher disease control rate (p = 0.002 and p = 0.030, respectively). A log‐rank test showed prognosis to be significantly poorer in the low BMI group and to be significantly better in the high BMI group than that in the normal BMI group. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that low BMI was an independent indicator of poor prognosis, whereas high BMI was an independent indicator of favorable prognosis.

Conclusion

We showed the impact of both low and high BMI on predicting therapeutic efficacy and prognosis in mRCC patients treated with TKI.
An explosion time characterization of asset price bubbles
Authors: Jarrow Robert A. , Kwok Simon S.
Published: November 2022

In a standard continuous time asset pricing model, this paper provides an explosion time characterization of asset price bubbles that extends the existing characterization theorems in the literature from diffusion processes to general semimartingales (which can include jumps). This characterization has a nice economic interpretation, not emphasized in the existing literature.
Mutual interests management with a purposive approach: Evidence from the Turkish shipyards for an amorphous impact model between (subjective) well‐being and performance
Authors: Cam Surhan , Palaz Serap
Published: November 2022

To enhance the academic endeavours confronting the globalisation of managerial orthodoxy (predicated on antagonising the interests of companies and employees), we will investigate the relationship between institutional performance and employees' (subjective) wellbeing in Turkish shipyards by undertaking an extensive survey. We will argue that there is a positive association between the two covariates that lends itself to a conceptual frame of Mutual Interests Management (MIM). The MIM refers to the managerial impacts that result in cross‐fertilisations between the interests of companies and employees. However, we will also argue that MIM has a dynamic and amorphous character in the sense that no correlation whether it be positive, negative or the lack of thereof necessarily survives through our purposive analyses with the trial of various interaction models among the specific types and combinations of variables considered. Accordingly, the conclusion stresses that the amorphous nature of MIM can be adapted by the managers at company‐level to tailor or innovate feasible MIM strategies.
Lived experiences of end‐of‐life communication among nursing home staff: An interpretive phenomenological study
Authors: Gonella Silvia , Conti Alessio , Albanesi Beatrice , Antal Alexandra , Dimonte Valerio , Di Giulio Paola
Published: November 2022

Aims

To explore and understand lived experiences of end‐of‐life communication among nursing home staff.

Design

Interpretive phenomenological study.

Methods

In‐person, semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted from May to August 2021 with 21 nursing home staff members involved in end‐of‐life communication (four managers, four chief nurses, three chief medical officers, three nurses, three psychologists, two occupational therapists, one chief nurse aide and one nurse aide). Data were analysed by van Manen's hermeneutic approach, which uses the lifeworld existentials of spatiality, corporeality, temporality and relationality to guide reflection on the human experience. Data were reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results

Thirteen categories were identified and framed within the four existentials. Regarding spatiality, end‐of‐life communication took place in a physical, mental, socio‐cultural and professional competence space. With regard to corporeality, interviewees reported difficulties in managing their own feelings and those of family caregivers. For temporality, interviewees reported delays in end‐of‐life communication due to staffing issues and an increase in urgent and temporary relief admissions to nursing homes. To compensate, they tried to assure that all interactions that did take place were of high quality. Finally, with regard to relationality, interviewees lived end‐of‐life communication through their relationships with family caregivers and colleagues. The supportive role of colleagues was expressed as teamwork, which helped promote reflexivity about how to tailor communication, manage challenging emotions and situations, set aside time for communication, and prepare family caregivers for death.

Conclusion

End‐of‐life communication was an all‐encompassing experience for nursing home staff. The supportive role of colleagues was stressed across all existentials, suggesting that teamwork is essential in delivering effective communication at the end‐of‐life.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution to this study, which addresses the experiences of nursing home staff only.
Women's experiences of gestational breast cancer and their interactions with the healthcare system: A scoping review
Authors: Hurren Sara , Yates Karen , Nagle Cate , McAuliffe Marie
Published: November 2022

Aim

To report the evidence of women's experiences following a diagnosis of gestational breast cancer (GBC) and their interactions with the healthcare system.

Design

A systematic scoping review.

Data Sources

This scoping review systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Psych INFO, EMBASE and SCOPUS, in addition to six grey literature databases in October 2021. A 2020 PRISMA flow diagram depicting the flow of information.

Review Methods

Guided by six steps in Arksey and OMalley's Framework (2005). One researcher completed the literature review, and four independently screened the titles and abstracts related to the eligibility criteria.

Results

Totalling 25 articles, these studies comprise 2 quantitative, 20 qualitative, 1 mixed‐method and 2 other documents, a book and debate. Thematic analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke (2006) to identify an overarching theme of adjustment that underpinned women's narratives and was reinforced by four major and several minor themes. The four major themes were: psychological impact, motherhood, treatment and communication. The relationship between the themes contextualizes the enormous complexity concerning women's experiences with GBC.

Conclusion

Cancer management for GBC is complex and multifaceted. At a time of conflicting emotions for women, Multidisciplinary teams are well placed to provide support, normalize the woman's experience of motherhood, demonstrate an understanding of treatment effects, and communicate in a considerate and empathetic manner with information that is timely and relevant. GBC management involves doctors, nurses, midwives and many other healthcare professionals, which can add to the impost of diagnosis.

Impact

This scoping review contributes to a better understanding of women's experience of GBC. The results may inform improvements in the support and communication for these women with GBC and their families.
The implications of mindsets of poverty for stigma against those in poverty
Authors: Hoyt Crystal L. , Billingsley Joseph , Burnette Jeni L. , Becker Whitney , Babij Alexandra D.
Published: November 2022

Belief systems, which can feed, or diminish, stigma are important predictors of poverty reduction efforts. In the current work, we focused on mindsets, which are beliefs about the changeability (growth mindsets) or the stability (fixed mindsets) of the level of poverty in society. We conducted six studies, two preregistered, using both cross‐sectional (N = 763) and experimental methods (N = 1361). First, we found support for our prediction that mindsets of poverty can serve to justify economic inequities. To this end, we explored the relationship of these mindsets with system justifying ideologies, we conducted experimental studies designed to motivate, or not, justification processes, and we examined the association between mindsets of poverty and stigma toward those disadvantaged within the economic system. Next, building upon a rich literature on mindsets, we explored the mechanisms by which mindsets predict stigma. Growth mindsets of poverty predicted less stigma, in part, through lower levels of essentializing those in poverty and blaming dispositional factors for economic inequality. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this work for efforts to counter negative attitudes and promote support for those living in poverty.
Pontisma blauvikense sp. nov. the first member of the early‐diverging oomycete genus Pontisma parasitizing brown algae
Authors: Buaya Anthony , Tsai Ichen , Thines Marco
Published: November 2022

Holocarpic oomycetes have been neglected over several decades, until interest in these organisms has recently resurged. One of the most widespread genera of holocarpic oomycetes is Pontisma, parasitic to red seaweeds throughout all oceans. Recently, the genus Sirolpidium (parasitic to green algae) was found to be congeneric with Pontisma. This hinted at a high pathogenic versatility and prompted the screening of other macroalgae on the coastline of Iceland. During this survey a parasite of the brown algae Pylaiella littoralis was found, which formed anisolpidium‐like thalli, but produced biflagellate zoospores. Phylogenetic investigations revealed that the parasite was placed in the genus Pontisma. In reconstructions based on partial nrSSU sequences, it grouped with some sequences of parasitoids of the diatom genus Licmophora, but the more variable mitochondrial cox2 sequences were divergent. Based on phylogenetic evidence and the unique parasitism of brown algae, the parasitoid is described as Pontisma blauvikense in this study. Pontisma blauvikense is the fourth oomycete species parasitic to Pylaiella, which is also parasitised by Euychasma dicksonii and two Anisolpidium species. For a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of holocarpic oomycetes, further research is necessary to investigate the host spectrum of Pontisma in general and Pontisma blauvikense in particular.
High summer temperatures are associated with poorer performance of underyearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in upland streams
Authors: Bernthal Fionn R. , Seaman Ben W. , Rush Edward , Armstrong John D. , McLennan Darryl , Nislow Keith H. , Metcalfe Neil B.
Published: November 2022

Future warming scenarios are predicted to result in an increased frequency of high, and potentially stressful, temperatures in aquatic ecosystems. Here we examined whether the performance of wild underyearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scottish streams stocked with identical egg densities was influenced by thermal stress. Biomass and density declined with degree hours exceeding 23°C, indicating apparent mortality or emigration as a possible result of exposure to high temperatures. These results strengthen the need for further action such as riparian tree planting to reduce stream summer temperatures.
Quantitative disease resistance: Multifaceted players in plant defense
Authors: Gou Mingyue , Balint‐Kurti Peter , Xu Mingliang , Yang Qin
Published: November 2022

In contrast to large‐effect qualitative disease resistance, quantitative disease resistance (QDR) exhibits partial and generally durable resistance and has been extensively utilized in crop breeding. The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain largely unknown but considerable progress has been made in this area in recent years. In this review, we summarize the genes that have been associated with plant QDR and their biological functions. Many QDR genes belong to the canonical resistance gene categories with predicted functions in pathogen perception, signal transduction, phytohormone homeostasis, metabolite transport and biosynthesis, and epigenetic regulation. However, other “atypical” QDR genes are predicted to be involved in processes that are not commonly associated with disease resistance, such as vesicle trafficking, molecular chaperones, and others. This diversity of function for QDR genes contrasts with qualitative resistance, which is often based on the actions of nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) resistance proteins. An understanding of the diversity of QDR mechanisms and of which mechanisms are effective against which classes of pathogens will enable the more effective deployment of QDR to produce more durably resistant, resilient crops.
Rationality test in the housing market: Project‐level evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yifan , Gang Jianhua , Qian Zongxin , Zhang Jinfan
Published: November 2022

We test whether investors rationally react to rent news when pricing houses. Previous literature on house pricing uses aggregated housing price and rent data to estimate the rent news. We analytically demonstrate that using aggregated data biases the rationality test because it forces researchers to estimate the rent news using the cross‐project average dynamic relationship among the housing return, rent growth, and macroeconomic dynamics and, hence, misses the heterogeneity in the dynamic relationship. Our empirical tests using proprietary project‐level housing data from China's megacities find that the bias from missing the heterogeneity is economically substantial.
Impact of transcatheter mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair on atrial fibrillation burden: Insights from a multicenter cohort
Authors: Trankle Cory R. , Rodriguez Lozano Patricia F. , Mahoney Paul D. , Haughey Sean , May Jennifer F. , Rombaoa Patricia , Miller Lauren , Lim Scott , Gertz Zachary M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Patients with significant mitralregurgitation (MR) often experience atrial fibrillation (AF). The effects of transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) for MR on AF burden is unknown.

Methods

Patients who underwent TEER atthree institutions who also had a cardiac implantable electronic device with aright atrial lead were retrospectively identified. In patients with baseline AF, device data onAF burden and echocardiographic changes were recorded at baseline and 3‐ and 12‐month follow up time points when available. Data is expressed as number (%) and median (interquartile range), withpaired values analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

Overall 66 patients wereidentified, of whom 54 (82%) had baseline data on AF available for review. Of these, 18 (33%) had a baseline burden ofAF (median burden 100% [54–100%]). Patients were 77 (71–83) years old, 10 (56%) male, 14 (78%) White, and 3 (17%) Black. A significant reduction in AF burdenwas observed at 3 months (11 patients, p = 0.03) which did not retainsignificance at 12 months (8 patients, p = 0.69). Indexed maximal left atrial volumes did not significantly change inthose with paired studies available (p > 0.35 for both time points).

Conclusions

In this multicenter cohort, one thirdof patients with severe MR undergoing TEER had an AF burden at baseline, whichwas found to be significantly lower at 3 month follow up. Further investigation is needed to confirm thefindings of this small cohort and determine its effects on downstream sequelaeof AF.
Revised calculation of the coefficient of parentage in plant breeding
Authors: Hernandez‐Suarez Carlos M. , Montesinos‐López Osval A.
Published: November 2022

The knowledge of the genetic similarity between two individuals has been useful for animal breeders for a long time, and one of the most common measures of similarity is the Coefficient of Parentage (COP). For two individuals X and Y, it is defined as the probability that an allele taken from a particular locus in individual X is equal by descent to another allele taken from the same locus in individual Y; thus, the COP between two individuals is the same as the expected inbreeding of their offspring, and it is now a routine calculation among plant breeders as part of crop improvement programmes. Nevertheless, plant breeders deal with the genealogy between strains or groups of individuals, and here, we provide a mathematical proof that in this case the application of standard formulae replicated from animal breeding may result in overestimation of the true amount of inbreeding between two strains.
Actinomycetes as a promising candidate bacterial group for the health management of aquaculture systems: A review
Authors: Sunish Kadayil Sachith , Sreedharan Krishnan , Shadha Nazreen Shahmahal Kuniyil
Published: November 2022

Aquaculture is one of the most important economic activities in the world. However, the intensification of culture practices resulted in the emergence of various diseases caused by microorganisms and non‐infectious diseases caused mainly by the deterioration of water quality. Several prophylactic and treatment options have been exploited over the years to tackle the disease problem in aquaculture. Previously, antibiotics have been used indiscriminately for treating many fish diseases which resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To overcome the failure of existing management strategies, innovative antimicrobial drug research is crucial and actinomycetes have proven to be trustworthy sources of new antimicrobial chemicals and are one of the most economically and biotechnologically important bacteria with multitude of functions. This review updates and highlights the role of actinomycetes in encouraging sustainable aquaculture practices and identifies opportunities for additional research and development. Many genera of actinomycetes were found to enhance the growth and survival of cultured species by producing many nutritional factors. They also improve the water quality of culture systems by the production of hydrolytic enzymes. Actinomycetes were found to improve the immunity of aquatic organisms by augmenting many immune parameters and making them more resistant to infection. Many actinomycetes have been discovered to produce antagonistic substances and exhibited antibacterial, antiviral, antibiofilm and anti‐quorum sensing activities. Probiotic potential of many actinomycetes has been widely explored. Even though actinomycetes have been widely used in aquaculture for multi purposes, the exact mechanism of action of these bacterial groups is poorly understood and novel biotechnological tools can be used for unravelling this.
The interaction between seminal plasma biochemical constituents and short‐term semen preservation in Honamli and hair goats
Authors: Inanc Muhammed Enes , Guzel Fatma Nur , Gungor Sukru , Herdogan Mine , Mart Feyza Nur , Kahraman Durmus , Cay Hasan Ali , Ata Ayhan
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the short‐term storage of Honamli and Hair buck semen based on the relationships among the biochemical constituents of the seminal plasma. In total, 12 Honamli and Hair goat bucks (six of each breed) were used. Collected individual semen samples were divided into two parts, one placed in short‐term storage and the other centrifuged to determine the biochemical constituents of the seminal plasma. Diluted semen samples were cooled to +4°C; the samples were stored at this temperature; the spermatological parameters (i.e., motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity [PMAI], viability and high mitochondrial membrane potential) were assessed at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 144 h. A significant positive correlation was determined between the PMAI, motility and viability with globulin, chlorine, alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT). A positive correlation was detected between the PMAI and viability with total protein. In contrast, a negative correlation was determined between the motility and viability with sodium values in buck semen (p ˂ .05). Also, it was evaluated the Hair buck samples became inviable across all parameters at 72 h, while the Honamli buck samples continued to be viable at 144 h. In conclusion, the seminal plasma biochemical parameters of total protein chlorine, globulin, albumin, sodium, AST and ALT correlated with spermatological parameters in buck semen. The factors of animal (p ˂ .05) and time (p ˂ .001) affected the spermatological parameters, but there was no interaction between the two factors (p > .05) during the short‐term storage period. Also, it was determined that Honamli buck semen was more resistant to cold injury than Hair buck semen against cold injury during storage.
Predictive value of serum high‐mobility group box 1 levels for checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis
Authors: Tanahashi Hiroki , Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Kurose Koji , Nakao Satoshi , Sakamoto Shinjiro , Horimasu Yasushi , Masuda Takeshi , Miyamoto Shintaro , Nakashima Taku , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Fujitaka Kazunori , Hamada Hironobu , Oga Toru , Oka Mikio , Hattori Noboru
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective

Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), caused by the anti‐programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) antibody, can be a fatal adverse event in cancer patients. However, no predictive biomarkers for CIP have been identified. Because high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can aggravate lung injury and potentially increase the immune response, it was investigated as a predictive blood marker.

Methods

Blood samples, prospectively stored before anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy between December 2015 and October 2020, were obtained at two university hospitals from 87 and 43 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (discovery and validation cohorts, respectively). We retrospectively evaluated the association of serum HMGB1 levels with the incidence of CIP developed within 3 months of initiating anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy.

Results

CIP was observed in 9 (10.3%) and 6 (14.0%) patients in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. In each cohort, serum HMGB1 levels were significantly and reproducibly higher in patients with CIP. In the discovery cohort, an HMGB1 cut‐off level of 11.24 ng/ml was identified by receiver operating characteristic analysis. CIP incidence in the HMGB1high subgroup was significantly higher than that in the HMGB1low subgroup in the discovery (41.2% vs. 2.9%) and validation cohorts (36.4% vs. 6.3%). In an exploratory pooled analysis, three patients died of grade 5 CIP; a 19.29 ng/ml HMGB1 cut‐off level detected grade 5 CIP with 100% sensitivity and 96.85% specificity.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential blood marker to predict the development and severity of CIP in NSCLC patients.
Oral conditions and other symptoms among older persons in long‐term care facilities during the end of life
Authors: Chung Joohyun , Chen Xi , Zhang Ning , Zhou Yanhua
Published: November 2022

Aims: The purpose was to examine the association between oral conditions and other symptoms in long‐term care facilities during the last days of life.

Methods: A retrospective case‐control study approach was used in this study, with the Minimum Data Set (MDS, ver. 3.0 2015) that was maintained and administrated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Residents with oral conditions (n = 4304) were selected with any oral conditions (e.g., ulcers, inflamed/bleeding gums, mouth/facial pain). The control cases (n = 12 912) were selected using propensity analysis.

Results: Oral conditions had significant impacts on depression, poor appetite, pain, shortness of breath, and constipation. Although no statistically significant differences in trouble sleeping, vomiting, internal bleeding, and dehydration were found between the cases with oral conditions and the control, more residents with oral conditions reported trouble sleeping and dehydration compared to the control.

Conclusions: It is important to provide preventive and proactive intervention for oral conditions, not only to minimize the negative effects of oral conditions on other symptoms in long‐term care facilities, but also to share philanthropic support with people who might be suffering other symptoms due to oral conditions at the end of life.
Experimental and Computational Analyses of Thermal Runaway Behavior of Lithium Ion Pouch Battery at Low Ambient Pressure
Authors: He Yuanhua , Zhang Liheng , Zhang Di , Wang Zhiyuan , Liu Yi
Published: November 2022

Safety issue concerning “thermal runaway (TR) behavior” of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is one of the core concerns for users. We have studied TR behaviors at various ambient pressures. The thermal runaway onset time (t1) occured in advance at ambient pressure decreasing to 50 kPa from 90 kPa (90, 80, 70, 60, and 50 kPa). At 50 kPa, thermal runaway onset time of LIBs was 177 s earlier than that at 90 kPa. With the decreasing ambient pressure, several values declined, such as battery peak surface temperature, heat release rate (HRR), peak flue gas temperature, and total heat release (THR). Moreover, the peak concentrations of CxHy and CO increased as the ambient pressure decreased, whereas peak concentrations of CO2 and NO showed the opposite trend. Based on the previous studies of the thermal analysis kinetics model of LIBs, a pressure correction factor kp was introduced to establish a prediction model for thermal runaway temperature at low pressure conditions. Based on the model output, the error of thermal runaway onset time t1 could be controlled within ±2 s, and the error of thermal runaway peak temperature Tmax could be controlled within ±2 °C. Our results have been well consistent with the results of simulation, and have been beneficial to further reveal LIBs thermal runaway behavior under low ambient pressure.
spKAS-seq reveals R-loop dynamics using low-input materials by detecting single-stranded DNA with strand specificity
Authors: Wu Tong , Lyu Ruitu , He Chuan
Published: November 2022

R-loops affect transcription and genome stability. Dysregulation of R-loops is related to human diseases. Genome-wide R-loop mapping typically uses the S9.6 antibody or inactive ribonuclease H, both requiring a large number of cells with varying results observed depending on the approach applied. Here, we present strand-specific kethoxal-assisted single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequencing (spKAS-seq) to map R-loops by taking advantage of the presence of a ssDNA in the triplex structure. We show that spKAS-seq detects R-loops and their dynamics at coding sequences, enhancers, and other intergenic regions with as few as 50,000 cells. A joint analysis of R-loops and chromatin-bound RNA binding proteins (RBPs) suggested that R-loops can be RBP binding hotspots on the chromatin.
DNA repair during nonreductional meiosis in the asexual rotifer
Adineta vaga
Authors: Terwagne Matthieu , Nicolas Emilien , Hespeels Boris , Herter Ludovic , Virgo Julie , Demazy Catherine , Heuskin Anne-Catherine , Hallet Bernard , Van Doninck Karine
Published: November 2022

Rotifers of the class Bdelloidea are microscopic animals notorious for their long-term persistence in the apparent absence of sexual reproduction and meiotic recombination. This evolutionary paradox is often counterbalanced by invoking their ability to repair environmentally induced genome breakage. By studying the dynamics of DNA damage response in the bdelloid species
Adineta vaga
, we found that it occurs rapidly in the soma, producing a partially reassembled genome. By contrast, germline DNA repair is delayed to a specific time window of oogenesis during which homologous chromosomes adopt a meiotic-like juxtaposed configuration, resulting in accurate reconstitution of the genome in the offspring. Our finding that a noncanonical meiosis is the mechanism of germline DNA repair in bdelloid rotifers gives previously unidentified insights on their enigmatic long-term evolution.
Stimulation of RAS-dependent ROS signaling extends longevity by modulating a developmental program of global gene expression
Authors: Branicky Robyn , Wang Ying , Khaki Arman , Liu Ju-Ling , Kramer-Drauberg Maximilian , Hekimi Siegfried
Published: November 2022

We show that elevation of mitochondrial superoxide generation increasesCaenorhabditis eleganslife span by enhancing a RAS-dependent ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling pathway (RDRS) that controls the expression of half of the genome as well as animal composition and physiology. RDRS stimulation mimics a program of change in gene expression that is normally observed at the end of postembryonic development. We further show that RDRS is regulated by negative feedback from the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1)-dependent conversion of superoxide into cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide, which, in turn, acts on a redox-sensitive cysteine (C118) of RAS. Preventing C118 oxidation by replacement with serine, or mimicking oxidation by replacement with aspartic acid, leads to opposite changes in the expression of the same large set of genes that is affected when RDRS is stimulated by mitochondrial superoxide. The identities of these genes suggest that stimulation of the pathway extends life span by boosting turnover and repair while moderating damage from metabolic activity.
Tunable guided resonance in twisted bilayer photonic crystal
Authors: Lou Beicheng , Wang Benjamin , Rodríguez Jesse A , Cappelli Mark , Fan Shanhui
Published: November 2022

We experimentally demonstrate tunable guided resonance in twisted bilayer photonic crystals. Both the numerically and the experimentally obtained transmission spectra feature resonances with frequencies strongly dependent on the twist angle, as well as resonances with frequencies that are largely independent of the twist angle. These resonant features can be well understood with a simple analytic theory based on band folding. Our work illustrates the rich tunable resonance physics in twisted bilayer systems.
Structure and host specificity of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
bacteriophage Andhra
Authors: Hawkins N’Toia C. , Kizziah James L. , Hatoum-Aslan Asma , Dokland Terje
Published: November 2022

Staphylococcus epidermidis
is an opportunistic pathogen of the human skin, often associated with infections of implanted medical devices. Staphylococcal picoviruses are a group of strictly lytic, short-tailed bacteriophages with compact genomes that are attractive candidates for therapeutic use. Here, we report the structure of the complete virion of
S. epidermidis
–infecting phage Andhra, determined using high-resolution cryo–electron microscopy, allowing atomic modeling of 11 capsid and tail proteins. The capsid is a
T
= 4 icosahedron containing a unique stabilizing capsid lining protein. The tail includes 12 trimers of a unique receptor binding protein (RBP), a lytic protein that also serves to anchor the RBPs to the tail stem, and a hexameric tail knob that acts as a gatekeeper for DNA ejection. Using structure prediction with AlphaFold, we identified the two proteins that comprise the tail tip heterooctamer. Our findings elucidate critical features for virion assembly, host recognition, and penetration.
For insights into the real world, consider real-world data
Authors: Raoof Sana , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: November 2022

Randomized control trials (RCTs) are required before drug and device approvals and have contributed to patient safety, but they have also increased the cost and time of regulatory assessments. We propose that using real-world evidence to complement or, in some settings, to replace RCTs will accelerate delivery of new drugs to patients.
Dietary ketone body–escalated histone acetylation in megakaryocytes alleviates chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Xie Sisi , Jiang Chenyu , Wu Meng , Ye Ying , Wu Biying , Sun Xiaoting , Lv Xue , Chen Ruibo , Yu Wen , Sun Qi , Wu Yuting , Que Rongliang , Li Huilan , Yang Ling , Liu Wen , Zuo Ji , Jensen Lasse D. , Huang Guichun , Cao Yihai , Yang Yunlong
Published: November 2022

Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a severe complication in patients with cancer that can lead to impaired therapeutic outcome and survival. Clinically, therapeutic options for CIT are limited by severe adverse effects and high economic burdens. Here, we demonstrate that ketogenic diets alleviate CIT in both animals and humans without causing thrombocytosis. Mechanistically, ketogenic diet–induced circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) increased histone H3 acetylation in bone marrow megakaryocytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed a distinct role of 3-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH)–mediated ketone body metabolism in promoting histone acetylation, which promoted the transcription of platelet biogenesis genes and induced thrombocytopoiesis. Genetic depletion of the megakaryocyte-specific ketone body transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) or pharmacological targeting of MCT1 blocked β-OHB–induced thrombocytopoiesis in mice. A ketogenesis-promoting diet alleviated CIT in mouse models. Moreover, a ketogenic diet modestly increased platelet counts without causing thrombocytosis in healthy volunteers, and a ketogenic lifestyle inversely correlated with CIT in patients with cancer. Together, we provide mechanistic insights into a ketone body–MCT1–BDH–histone acetylation–platelet biogenesis axis in megakaryocytes and propose a nontoxic, low-cost dietary intervention for combating CIT.
A single-cell analysis framework allows for characterization of CSF leukocytes and their tissue of origin in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ostkamp Patrick , Deffner Marie , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Wünsch Christian , Lu I-Na , Wu Gregory F. , Goelz Susan , De Jager Philip L. , Kuhlmann Tanja , Gross Catharina C. , Klotz Luisa , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd , Wiendl Heinz , Schneider-Hohendorf Tilman , Schwab Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Peripheral central nervous system (CNS)–infiltrating lymphocytes are a hallmark of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Tissue-resident memory T cells (T
RM
) not only populate the healthy CNS parenchyma but also are suspected to contribute to multiple sclerosis pathology. Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), unlike CNS parenchyma, is accessible for diagnostics, we evaluated whether human CSF, apart from infiltrating cells, also contains T
RM
cells and CNS-resident myeloid cells draining from the parenchyma or border tissues. Using deep generative models, we integrated 41 CSF and 14 CNS parenchyma single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) samples from eight independent studies, encompassing 120,629 cells. By comparing CSF immune cells collected during multiple sclerosis relapse with cells collected during therapeutic very late antigen–4 blockade, we could identify immune subsets with tissue provenance across multiple lineages, including CNS border–associated macrophages, CD8 and CD4 T
RM
cells, and tissue-resident natural killer cells. All lymphocytic CNS-resident cells shared expression of
CXCR6
but showed differential
ITGAE
expression (encoding CD103). A common signature defined CD4 and CD8 T
RM
cells by expression of
ZFP36L2
,
DUSP1
, and
ID2
. We further developed a user interface–driven application based on this analysis framework for atlas-level cell identity transfer onto new CSF scRNAseq data. Together, these results define CNS-resident immune cells involved in multiple sclerosis pathology that can be detected and monitored in CSF. Targeting these cell populations might be promising to modulate immunopathology in progressive multiple sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory diseases.