bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los Balleneros y el conocimiento de los mares del sur en la primera parte del siglo XIX
Authors: GARCÍA Susana V.
Published: November 2021

Resumen La industria ballenera constituyó un negocio a gran escala que generó diversos documentos escritos. Sus agentes tuvieron una gran movilidad, operando en puertos distantes y regiones no mapeadas e interactuando con diferentes espacios naturales y tradiciones culturales. En este trabajo se examinan los tipos de registro y observaciones producidas por esta actividad en los mares del sur durante la primera parte del siglo XIX y las maneras en que esa información circuló, se organizó y fue utilizada entre sectores científicos y navales. Focalizando en la explotación pelágica y la navegación a vela se busca demostrar que la información sobre recursos explotables y descubrimiento de islas y buenos fondeaderos, circuló por amplias redes conformadas por nodos de encuentro y comunicación como los barcos, los muelles y los periódicos comerciales. A partir del análisis de diferentes fuentes históricas, se revisan algunas cuestiones para pensar de qué forma la cultura marítima del mundo ballenero ayudó a modelar un conocimiento global de los océanos.
“Para a boa ordem e decoro de minha corte” O decoro no vocabulário político do século XVIII português
Authors: SANTOS Antonio Cesar de Almeida
Published: November 2021

Resumo Neste texto, pretendo apresentar uma discussão sobre o uso e os significados da palavra decoro no contexto da cultura letrada portuguesa do século XVIII, considerando a hipótese de que o vocabulário de uma determinada sociedade permite acesso à realidade histórica desta mesma sociedade. A partir de documentação variada e de bibliografia concernente ao assunto, adoto uma perspectiva que leva em conta quem se utilizava dessa palavra - decoro -, em que situações e com que intenção. Igualmente, utilizei a noção de representação como parte da estratégia para alcançar o sentido atribuído por diferentes agentes àquela palavra. Como resultado, pude encontrar uma estreita relação com o preceito retórico da adequação (o decorum latino), presente em Cícero e em outros autores da Antiguidade, cujas obras circularam naquele contexto intelectual, alcançando, especialmente, o domínio da política, como ficou manifesto no episódio da expulsão da Companhia de Jesus de Portugal e de seus domínios.
Oceano sem lei A história do Brasil vista do porão do Navio Manaus
Authors: FARIA Daniel
Published: November 2021

Resumo Este artigo é dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, são comentados três poetas (Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Fernando Pessoa e Murilo Mendes) que, na primeira metade do século XX, tematizaram as experiências históricas das guerras, da ascensão dos fascismos e das heranças coloniais em poemas em que a voz lírica se coloca à beira-mar. Na segunda parte, tomaremos o Navio Manaus como objeto de reflexão, sobretudo o uso de seu porão como prisão, tal como relatado em Memórias do Cárcere, de Graciliano Ramos. Aqui, novamente, temos uma experiência histórica contemporânea tematizada por meio de conexões entre história, poesia e imaginário, no que se refere ao espaço oceânico, o qual adquire assim um estatuto de alegoria histórica. Nessa alegoria temos a figuração do emigrante sem porto de chegada, sem lar, aqueles que, segundo Hannah Arendt, perderam o direito de ter direitos. As duas partes do artigo confluem para uma reflexão sobre os frágeis, mas necessários, poderes da narração frente a experiências extremas e traumáticas, em contraste com o esquecimento inocente num mundo sem inocência.
Depois da tempestade, o relato Experiência e narrativa em Primo Levi
Authors: FELIPE Cleber Vinicius do Amaral
Published: November 2021

Resumo Neste ensaio investigamos de que maneira o longevo topos “depois da tempestade, a bonança” comparece em autores como Homero, Aristóteles, Virgílio, Dante Alighieri, Giacomo Leopardi e Herman Melville para, em seguida, analisarmos sua presença no trabalho de Primo Levi (1919-1987), químico turinense e escritor que sobreviveu e testemunhou os horrores de Auschwitz. Embora o referido lugar-comum apareça, de forma mais evidente, em Os Afogados e os sobreviventes (1986/2016), seus pressupostos ampararam as reflexões de Levi sobre as experiências no Lager, especialmente no que diz respeito aos limites da representação. O itinerário de uma tópica em diferentes (con)textos admite significados nem sempre análogos, pois cada formulação se ampara em prescrições, categorias, orientações e estilos particulares. Por meio deste estudo, pretende-se contribuir com as reflexões sobre o “irrepresentável” na literatura de testemunho, evidenciando um esforço no sentido de figurar o inaudito e amplificar eventos dramáticos e/ou trágicos com argumentos convencionais, muitos deles provenientes de práticas letradas antigas.
Isolation, characterization, and resistance profile of Salmonella spp. from chicken cuts
Authors: Silva A.C.P. , Morais T.P. , Casaril K.B.P.B.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The present study aimed at isolating and characterizing Salmonella spp. from chicken cuts marketed in Francisco Beltrão, PR, and verify the resistance profile of the isolates against antimicrobials used in human therapy. Samples of chicken cuts (n=40) were purchased from supermarkets and submitted to microbiological analysis for the detection of Salmonella spp. The suspected colonies underwent biochemical testing for the identification of enterobacteria. Four colonies were selected from each sample positive for Salmonella spp., totaling 28 isolates that were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity. Colonies that showed resistance to ceftriaxone were subjected to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Among the analyzed chicken samples, seven (17.5%) showed biochemical behavior characteristic of Salmonella spp. Among the 28 isolates, seventeen different resistance profiles were found, of which 46.42% (n=13) had a multi-resistance profile, and 21.4% (n=6) of the isolates had a phenotype for ESBL production. The strains of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken cuts found in this study showed a high level of resistance to antimicrobials of different classes and of last generations, these data serve as a warning, as they put the human treatment of salmonellosis at risk.
Oxidative and biochemical profile of Gyr dairy heifers during the peripartum period
Authors: Mendes H.C.P.M. , Paes Leme F.O. , Penido P.M.P.N. , Oliveira A. , Arnhold L. , El Faro L.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT O período de transição em vacas leiteiras aumenta o suprimento de oxigênio aos tecidos e a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Junto com o comprometimento do sistema antioxidante, gera estresse oxidativo, que pode estar ligado ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estresse oxidativo em 35 novilhas leiteiras Gir, durante o período periparto. Foram analisados ácido úrico, cobre, ferro, zinco, albumina, bilirrubina total, superóxido dismutase (SOD) e glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px). Um modelo linear com distribuição de Poisson foi aplicado usando o procedimento GENMOD. A primeira medida (30d antes do parto) foi considerada como referência (T0), e as amostras foram coletadas 16 dias antes do parto (T1) e sete (T2), 14 (T3), 28 (T4) e 42 dias pós-parto (T5). Cobre, zinco e albumina variaram dentro da faixa de referência, apesar de ter havido aumento no cobre de 45,92% no T3. Os níveis de ácido úrico aumentaram durante o período de transição, sem diferença significativa até 16 dias pré-parto, quando foi observado aumento de 67,57%, sendo sua maior concentração observada em T4. A SOD teve um aumento maior (300%) do que a GSH-Px (36%) no final do período experimental, acompanhada por adaptações bioquímicas para garantir uma resposta antioxidante eficaz. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o período periparto causa estresse oxidativo em novilhas leiteiras Gir.
A comparative evaluation of methods for estimating the colostrum quality in sows
Authors: Souza A.P. , Bombassaro G.E. , Fonseca F.N. , Lopes L.S. , Maciag S.S. , Volpato F.B. , Bastos A.P.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Colostrum is the main source of immunoglobulins (Ig) for neonate piglets and plays a crucial role within the health and growth of the piglet. Currently in pig farming, there are still no widespread practical methods for measuring the Ig concentration in colostrum at herd level. We evaluated sows’ colostrum IgG concentration using an optical and a digital Brix refractometer and their performance was correlated to an IgG ELISA test, and flow cytometry. Colostrum concentrations of IgG and IgA averaged 74.05 ± 21.37mg/mL and 20.2 ± 5.32mg/mL respectively. The mean value of the Brix percentages for optical refractometer was 26.32%, and for digital was 28.32%. The Brix refractometer measurements of colostrum samples presented high correlation for IgG content analyzed by ELISA (Optical = 0.74, Digital = 0.87; P <0.001). Considering the immunophenotyping, the values for IgG and IgA lymphoblasts indicated a highly significant relationship to ELISA (IgG=0.77, IgA=0.84; P<0.001). The Brix refractometer can be considered a useful tool to be included in a colostrum monitoring program to improve potentially neonatal health. In addition, we demonstrated that flow cytometry can be an important tool to analyze and characterize the immunological potential of sow colostrum.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Heterobothrium lamothei (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae), a gill parasite infecting the tiger puffer fish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Tetraodontidae)
Authors: Morsy K. , Al-Malki J.S. , Dajem S.B. , Hamdi H. , Ali A. , Adel A.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Members of the family Diclidophoridae are potentially dangerous species for the puffer fish aquaculture worldwide. They are parasitic polyopisthocotyleans, with a posterior haptor equipped with clamps for attachment to the host's surface, allowing the worm to resist the flow of water to maintain its position on gills. The anterior body of the worm is deformable, allows the worm to feed on blood sucked from fish gills. The present study is the first description of a Heterobothrium species from the gills of the tiger puffer Lagocephalus sceleratus (Tetraodontidae) from the coasts of the Arabian Gulf at Jubail, Saudi Arabia morphologically by light microscopy as well as by molecular analysis of the parasite partial 28S rRNA through multiple sequence alignments and phylogeny by maximum likelihood analysis which is provided for the first time for the described species. Seventeen tiger puffer fish were captured alive from marine water off Saudi Arabia; gills were separated and further examined for parasitic infection. Nine fish were found infected with a monogenean parasite which was robust, equipped by two buccal organs at the tapered anterior end; the posterior haptor was rectangular with four symmetrically arranged clamps, with no isthmus. Marginal hooks absent. Ovary elongated, U-shaped, testes numerous, irregularly shaped and extended from the posterior part of the ovary to the anterior margin of the haptor. Copulatory organ muscular, as a spherical cup armed with 12 to 15 genital hooks. The molecular analysis of the parasite 28s rRNA and phylogeny revealed a percentage of identities between 87.47-89.09%, with Diclidophoridae species within the monophyletic clade of Mazocraeidea where a maximum percentage of 89.09% were obtained for the morphologically different sister taxon H. okamotoi. The results obtained from molecular analysis are consistent with the conclusions drawn from morphological classification where that the parasite recorded was morphologically similar to H. lamothei which was not characterized by molecular analysis before. The recovered sequences were deposited into the GeneBank under accession number MT322610.
Use of external nasal strip influences alveolar cell population of horses after exercise
Authors: Oliveira T.M. , Bogossian P.M. , Hilgert A.R. , Fernandes W.R.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The nasal strip is widely used in horses during exercise, but effects of using a nasal strip are controversial and little is known about its effect on horses undergoing endurance events. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of nasal strips influences alveolar cell population assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tidal volume, and nasal airflow rate. Six Arabian horses were subjected to two low intensity tests on a treadmill, with and without application of a commercial external nasal strip. Tidal volumes and airflow rates were measured during the test; two hours after the test, BAL was performed to assess cytology of pulmonary secretions. The lavage fluid showed increased neutrophil count after exercise in animals with the nasal strip (P<0.05). This suggests that turbulence of airflow through the nasal cavity may have diminished with nasal strip use, thus allowing larger particles to be deposited more distally in the respiratory system, inducing a more intense neutrophilic response. No differences in tidal volumes or airflow rates were observed between groups (with or without nasal strips) during the test (P>0.05). The use of nasal strips seems to influence alveolar cell population during and after exercise in horses after low intensity exercise tests. Further studies are needed to verify whether alveolar cell population is related to poor exercise performance in horses.
Probiotic supplementation affects IGF-1 and leptin levels in Nile tilapia hepatopancreatic tissue
Authors: Pacheco R.S. , Ferro P.H.S. , Pereira M.O. , Jesus G.F.A. , Borges Y.V. , Jatobá A. , Moreira F. , Schleder D.D.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT This work aimed to assess the effect of the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum, on the levels of leptin, IGF-1 and their receptors on the hepatopancreatic tissues of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and then correlate fish growth performance and gut microbiological parameters. Fish juveniles (±23g) were reared in a recirculation system with constant aeration and temperature (25°C). They were distributed into six polyethylene tanks (45L) and fed twice a day at 5% of the tank biomass with the respective diets: control (commercial diet without probiotic) and supplemented with L. plantarum inoculum (1 x 108 CFU mL-1), both in triplicate. After 30 days of feeding, L. plantarum-fed fishes showed greater weekly growth rate, final weight, and feed conversion rate, in addition to higher count of lactic-acid bacteria and lower count of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract, when compared to the control group. The immunostaining intensity for IGF-1 and leptin hormones was lower after L. plantarum supplementation than in the control group, with no change in the level for receptors. This reduction could implicate important changes in fish metabolism and homeostasis.
Clinical, tomographic, and postmortem aspects of a rare congenital Dicephalus Monauchenos Iniodymus in a Nelore calf produced in vitro from Brazil - case report
Authors: Toma H.S. , Barreto J.V.P. , Amude A.M. , Toma C.D.M. , Santos J.P.V. , Schneider L.O. , Néspoli P.E.B. , Pertile S.F.N. , Cunha Filho L.F.C.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to report the occurrence of dicephalus iniodymus monauchenos in a Nellore newborn. A three-days old calf, from in vitro production, with duplication of the head and a history of cesarean birth was attended. On physical examination, the dicephalus, iniodymus and monauchenos, which were almost the same size and shape, had four eyes and four ears. Computed tomography showed the presence of two skulls fused with a common occipital foramen, two nasopharynxes, oropharynxes with the presence of a cleft lip and a cleft palate in the right head, which continued in a single esophagus and a single trachea. At necropsy, the presence of duplication of the cerebrum and cerebellum was observed, with union of the parts in the region of the trapezoid body of the brainstem and continued as a single spinal cord. This study characterizes the clinical, tomographic, and necropsy findings of a dicephalus Nelore neonate.
Assessment of weight gain and control of parasitism by Rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cattle in the field using organosynthetic parasiticide, phytotherapics and homeopathy
Authors: Paixão J.L.F. , Prata M.C.A. , Furlong J. , Tassinari W.S. , Bittencourt V.R.E.P. , Pires M.F.A. , Angelo I.C.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The goal of this research was to compare the effect of the following products on dairy cattle, parasitized by Rhipicephalus microplus: organosynthetics - Clorfenvinfós and Ivermectina (OG); phytotherapics - Eucalyptus oil (EG) and Neem cake (NG); Homeopathy (HG); The control group (CG) received no treatment. Infestation was by R. microplus (MIC) and weight gain (GP) were evaluated. The study included 60 animals (5 groups) from – Dutch / Zebu, aged between 25-44 months and initial weight between 211-477kg. EG and NG showed MIC 84.9% and 14.0% greater than CG, respectively (P <0.05; P = 0). HG and OG had MIC less than CG 24.4% and 16.9%, respectively (P<0.05; P <0.05). EG, NG and OG obtained GP lower than CG in 7.9%, 8.9% and 8.06% (P <0.05) respectively. The HG GP was 4.9% higher (P <0.05) than CG. This was the first research to prove parasitism control by R. microplus in a field test, using homeopathy. The methodology for choosing Homeopathy for the control of enzooties, developed and tested for the first time in this study, proved to be adequate and efficient, opening the possibility for establishing a new methodology for strategic control of parasitism by R. microplus.
Dairy goat production in the semi-arid region: productive and reproductive analysis, and the influence of the adoption of hygienic practices on milk quality
Authors: Silva I.W.H. , Moura J.F.P. , Santos Júnior E. , Pereira Filho J.M. , Oliveira J.P.F. , Dias-Silva T.P. , Bezerra L.R.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of dairy goat genotypes, as well as the influence of hygienic practices by farmers on the quality of goat milk. Productive and reproductive data of 81 Anglo Nubian and Alpine crossbred goats, as well as data on total milk production of goats over 100 days of lactation and partial production up to 56 days of lactation. Also, in natura milk samples from 160 properties in the region were evaluated. At the time of collection, a questionnaire was applied to diagnose goat milk production systems. Data from productive and reproductive performance were evaluated by Tukey test and descriptive analysis using the SPSS program. The herd presented a variation of the total milk production in lactation (TMP) from 267.40kg to 468.55kg, with lactation length ranging from 157 to 247 days, and average daily production between 1.43 and 1.89kg/day. Fertility rates were satisfactory, with the lowest rate being 76% and the highest 92%, with an average of 85.24% considering the six seasons of birth. The means of the gestation periods varied between 144 and 152 days. Regarding the sanitary characterization, 73% of farmers performed a cleaning of the room before and after milking. However, 94.8% of farmers did not eliminate the first jets of milk and only 29.2% used the screened mug test to identify clinical mastitis. Only 41% of farmers performed pre and post-dipping and 30.2% applied the iodine solution. Only 8.3% of farmers used disposable paper towels. However, 92% of producers still used fabric towel. It was also observed that 99% of the properties stored milk in buckets or cans without refrigeration. In the microbiological analysis, a small amount of milk samples (5.6%) was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, however the total coliform count was high. Regarding the somatic cell count, it was found that 86% of the properties presented values above one million cells per mL of sample. The study demonstrated the prevalence of several factors that contribute to the vulnerability of milk contamination in various stages of production such as milking and processing. Thus, the guidance and awareness of those responsible is extremely important to improve goat milk quality in the semi-arid region of Paraíba.
Econometric ridge regression models of risk-sensitive sunflower yield
Authors: Slozhenkina M.I. , Gorlov I.F. , Kholodov O.A. , Kholodova M.A. , Shakhbazova O.P. , Mosolova D.A. , Knyazhechenko O.A.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The article considers econometric ridge regression models of the risk-sensitive sunflower yield on the example of an export-oriented agricultural crop. In particular, we have proved that despite the functional mulcollinearity of the predictors in the sunflower yield model with respect to risk caused by the algorithm peculiarities of the hierarchy analysis methods, the ridge regression procedure makes it possible to obtain its complete specification and provide biased but stable estimates of the forecast parameters in the case of uncertain input variables. It has been substantiated that the rational value of the displacement parameters is expedient to be established using a graphical interpretation of the ridge wake as the border of fast and slow fluctuations in the estimates of the ridge regression coefficients. Econometric models were calculated using SPSS Statistics, Mathcad and FAR-AREA 4.0 software. The empirical basis for forecast calculations was the assessment of trends in sunflower production in all categories of farms in the Rostov region of Russia for the period of 2008-2018. The calculation results of econometric models made it possible to develop three author's scenarios for the sunflower production in the region, namely, inertial, moderate, and optimistic ones that consider the export-oriented strategy of the agro-industrial complex.
Investigation of Tritrichomonas foetus in cryopreserved bovine semen by culture and polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ribeiro L. , Silva O.R. , Duarte F.C. , Jesus V.L.T.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Bovine Trichomoniasis (BT) is an infectious disease caused by Tritrichomonas foetus that can be transmitted either sexually or by fomites. In males, the disease is asymptomatic and permanent. T. foetus has been detected in semen samples where it is able to remain viable even when frozen. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of T. foetus in 27 samples of commercial frozen bovine semen by culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Samples were thawed in water at 37°C. Part of the samples was inoculated in a test tube containing Diamond’s medium and incubated at 35°C. Growth was evaluated every 24 hours via direct examination under a microscope. The other part was placed in an Eppendorf tube and frozen for later molecular analysis. After 10 days of culture, all samples were negative for T. foetus. The Quick-DNA Miniprep Kit (Zymo Research) without proteinase K was used for DNA extraction. The primers used in PCR were TRF3 and TRF4. PCR results were negative for all samples. In conclusion, bovine semen samples were negative for T. foetus in both diagnostic methods, according to the adopted methodology.
Ionic relationships between macronutrients and sodium in parsley under nutrient solutions prepared with brackish water
Authors: Muchecua Salimo M. H. , Santos Júnior José A. , Menezes Sirleide M. de , Silva Gerônimo F. da , Chaves Lucia H. G. , Cruz Ruana I. F.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The concentration and nature of ions directly influence ionic relationships between macronutrients and sodium, especially in the context of plants grown under saline conditions. The goal of this study was to analyze the efficiency of use of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, the efficiency of Na accumulation, and the relationships between Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, and K+ after analysis of parsley, cultivar Graúda Portuguesa, plant tissues exposed to nutrient solutions prepared with brackish water with different cationic natures. The treatments consisted of exposing plants to nutrient solutions (ECns = 1.7, 2.7, 3.7, 4.7, 5.7, and 6.7 dS m-1) prepared with brackish water obtained by solubilizing different salts, NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O, MgCl2.6H2O, and KCl in supply water (ECw = 0.12 dS m-1). Two cultivation cycles were conducted, adopting a completely randomized experimental design in both (6 × 4 factorial scheme), with four replicates. The efficiency of the use of macronutrients and sodium accumulation was more affected by the cationic nature of the water at the highest concentration levels. Except for the Ca+2 - Mg+2 ratio, all other cationic ratios were affected by the increase in the concentration of salts in the nutrient solution.
Production and post-harvest quality of mini-watermelon crop under irrigation management strategies and potassium fertilization
Authors: Silva Saulo S. da , Lima Geovani S. de , Lima Vera L. A. de , Gheyi Hans R. , Soares Lauriane A. dos A. , Oliveira Janine P. M.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The occurrence of water sources with a high concentration of salts stands out as a limiting factor for production in Northeast Brazil. Thus, the search for strategies that minimize the effect of salt stress on crops is of fundamental importance. In this context, this study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the production and post-harvest quality of Sugar Baby mini-watermelon fruits under different irrigation management strategies with saline water and potassium fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, in an 8 × 3 factorial scheme, with three replicates, corresponding to eight saline water irrigation management strategies (No stress throughout the crop cycle; irrigation with saline water in the vegetative, vegetative/flowering, flowering, flowering/fruiting, fruiting, fruiting/maturation and fruit maturation stages) and three doses of potassium (50, 100 and 150% of the recommended dose). The dose of 100% corresponded to 150 mg K2O kg-1 of soil. Water with low and with high electrical conductivity (0.8 and 4.0 dS m-1, respectively) was used. Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m-1 in the flowering and fruit maturation stages is a promising strategy for the cultivation of mini-watermelon, as it does not compromise production. Fertilization with 50% of K2O recommendation can be used in the cultivation of mini-watermelon without losses in yield. Mini-watermelon plants fertilized with 150% of K2O recommendation and irrigated with water of high salt concentration continuously in the vegetative/flowering and fruiting stages reduced the contents of soluble solids and ascorbic acid in the fruits.
Adaptability, stability and environmental stratification of genetically and nongenetically modified corn in the Cerrado
Authors: Eckardt Marcio , Cardoso Ila R. M. , Silva Núbia A. da , Abreu Yolanda V. de , Afférri Flávio S. , Peluzio Joenes M.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Crop yield depends on interaction between genetic and environmental factors, making it essential to study adaptability, stability and environmental stratification in order to mitigate the effects of this interaction. Four experiments were conducted to assess competition between corn cultivars in the 2018/19 growing season, two in Paraíso do Tocantins and two in Palmas, with sowing performed on November 5, 2018 and January 15, 2019. Cultivar-environment interaction was analyzed in genetically modified (GM) and non-GM commercial corn cultivars in the Vale do Araguaia region of Tocantins state (TO), Brazil, A randomized block design was used for all the experiments, in 3 × 12 factorial scheme, with three doses of nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing (50, 100 and 150 kg of N ha-1) and 12 commercial cultivars (six non-GM, 1CHD, 2CV, 3CV, 4CV, 5CTH, 6CDH and six GM, 7GTH, 8GTH, 9GSH, 10GSH, 11GSH, 12GSH. For statistical analysis, the N dose in each experiment represented a different environment. The characteristic studied was grain yield, using the adaptability and stability methods as well as environmental stratification. Different responses were observed between the GM and non-GM cultivars. Most of the GM and non-GM cultivars were better adapted to favorable and unfavorable environments, respectively. All the environments exhibited similar behavior regardless of location, sowing time and the N dose used, demonstrating that fewer environments can be used in future breeding research.
National illegal wildlife trafficking of threatened species: a descriptive study in Manabí (Ecuador)
Authors: Crespo-Gascón Sofía , Solórzano Carlos , Guerrero-Casado José
Published: November 2021

Illegal wildlife trafficking has negative effects on biodiversity conservation at both global and local scale. Therefore, the establishment of appropriate conservation measures requires local studies that quantify this problem. The objective of this work was to quantify and characterize the species of birds and mammals seized in the period 2016-2017, at the Valle Alto Wildlife Rescue Centre and Wildlife Refuge. The study showed that 212 specimens belonging to 41 different species were confiscated. More birds than mammals were confiscated, and a greater proportion of birds were included in a national and international threat category. A clear preference for primates, parrots and squirrels was found. Furthermore, the presence of species with a distribution range outside the study area revealed the existence of the transportation of species from other parts of the country. Although these data are only a sample of what is actually trafficked in the country, they provide an approach of the type of species that are illegally trafficked in this biodiversity hotspot.
Epidemiology and economic loss of coenurosis in small Ruminants slaughtered at mojo halal export abattoir, Oromia reginal state, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Sagni Diba , Abebe Garoma
Published: November 2021

Coenurosis is an important parasitic disease affecting small ruminant’s production which causes significant economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2019 to May, 2020. To estimating the prevalence of coenurosis in small ruminants and determines the risk factors, to assess the community knowledge on the epidemiology of coenurosis and estimate the financial loss due to brain condemnation. A total 674 small ruminants were by a simple random sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using STATA version 11. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between prevalence of coenurosis and potential risk factors. From the total 512 goat and 162 sheep examined for coenurosis 6.02% and 8.6% were found positive respectively. There was significance difference between the risk factors and coenurosis infection. More coenurosis infected small ruminants were found in highland 9.7% (Odd ratio= 2.31, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.14, 4.64; P=0.017) than midland and lowland. There was high prevalence of coenurois in adult than young age of small ruminants. From 45 positive cysts were examined to identify fertility and viability by using cyst viability and fertility procedure, 17.8% calcified, 68.9% sterile and 13.3 % fertile. The diameter of positive cysts showed 46.7%, 42.3%, 11% small, medium and large respectively. From 100 respondents’ 86% of respondents has agreed on the sign of coenurosis, 14% has not agreed. The annual financial losses due to brain condemnation were estimated at 124,821 dollar.
Effect of follicular ablation and gonadotropin priming on the recovery and quality of oocytes in Boran cows
Authors: Tilaye Demissie , Tefera Yilma , Tamrat Degefa , Gemechu Wirtu , Alemayehu Lemma
Published: November 2021

Genetic differences have been suggested as a possible cause for variation in responses to exogenous hormones. Here we evaluated the effect of follicle ablation, exogenous FSH and coasting time prior to ovum pick-up (OPU) on the number of follicles suitable for aspiration, oocyte quality, and cleavage rate in Ethiopian Boran cows. The experiment was carried out in three parts, I) Cows were synchronized using 500µg PGF2α given 11 days apart. Cows were then subjected to a biweekly ovum pickup session before ovulation (n=5) or starting Day 7 after ovulation (n=4) for three weeks. II) Cows were similarly synchronized and all visible follicles were ablated on the first days of overt estrus which were then further grouped into cows that received a divided dose of 350IU FSH (n=5) or 175IU FSH (n=5) over three days. In both groups OPU was carried out weekly starting 48h after the last FSH for six weeks. III) A similar protocol as in part II was carried out but coasting period was increased to 72hrs for cows that received 350IU FSH as divided dose (n=5) and 48hrs coasting period for single 350IU FSH dose (n=5). The covariates of follicles and oocyte were not affected (P>0.05) by corpus luteum presence at OPU. The mean number of medium (7.36±0.57) and large (8.28±0.96) follicles were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group that received divided 350IU FSH. Similarly, the mean number of Grade-1 (4.19±0.24) and Grade-2 (4.32±.27) COC, maturation rate (70.41%) and cleavage rate (47.5%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group that received 350IU FSH. COC quality was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by costing period. However, both maturation and cleavage rates were not affected by the coasting period. This study demonstrated that follicular ablation and treatment with FSH improves follicular population and oocyte recovery rate in Boran cows.
Recombinant protein expression and purification of codon-optimized Pfu-Sso7d v2
Authors: Rivera Maira , Reyes Javiera , Blazquez-Sanchez Paula , A Ramirez-Sarmiento Cesar
Published: November 2021

This protocol has been optimized for the recombinant expression of a codon-optizimed Pfu-Sso7d DNA polymerase. This is a fusion protein composed of the Pfu enzyme from Pyrococcus furiosus for DNA amplification by PCR fused to a small 7 kDa protein from Sulfobulus solfataricus that binds to double-stranded DNA without any preference for specific sequences, thus enhancing polymerization processivity without affecting the catalytic activity or thermal stability of the enzyme. The goal of this protocol was to eliminate the use of large volumes for dyalisis and potential issues with the protein crashing out of the solution due to the use of concentrators for buffer exchange of this enzyme into storage conditions. We also eliminated the use of DTT, which is often found in other similar protocols. The sequence plasmid encoding the codon-optimized Pfu-Sso7d enzyme used here can be found at https://benchling.com/s/seq-2TcUPjO2uMbDG5ufTQN4
Medication Errors: Common Pitfalls and Recommendations in Pediatric Dentistry Practice
Authors: Menon Leena U , Xavier Arun M , Shaikh Saquib A , Sunny Steffy M
Published: November 2021

Parallel to the development of new medications for various diseases run the threat of medication errors. These errors though common, very few are fatal and so goes unnoticed. Such errors occurring with pediatric population can be a major predicament. This review aims to address the various parametric variations and considerations in pediatric population so as to minimize medication errors. A detailing about various causes, types and levels of errors, ways of analysing the amount of error and the essential knowledge about prescription writing which could reduce the incidents have been paid attention to. The article also discusses possible recommendations to the stakeholders and caregivers that could encompass the reason of lack of information for the ever-increasing medication errors.
Assessment of Dental Arch Parameters in Turkish Twins
Authors: Birant Sinem , Koruyucu Mine , Kasimoglu Yelda , Veznikli Mert , Seymen Figen
Published: November 2021

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to variations in dental dimensions in a sample of Turkish twins, and to estimate heritability using dental casts. Study design: The study samples were selected from the twin children between 3–15 years old who referred for their first dental examination. Fifty nine monozygotic and one hundred and forty three dizygotic twin pairs were examined in the study. The alginate impression material used to create the plaster model of maxilla and mandible. Anterior arch width, posterior arch width, arch length and arch circumference were measured on models prepared from measurements taken for both maxilla and mandible with digital caliper. The similarities and differences of the measurements were compared between pairs of twins and zygocytes. Morever, the effects of bad oral habits, bruxism, a result of psychosocial factors on measurements were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using Paired T Test, Wilcoxon Test and Mann Whitney U test.

Results: A total of 404 dental models of 118 (29.2%) monozygotic and 286 (70.8%) dizygotic twins were evaluated. There was no statistical difference between sibling pairs in both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. The measurement similarity between twin siblings differed according to zygosity in all measurements (p<0.05). It has been observed that the finger sucking and mouth breathing affect the dental arch measurements (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that the differences in dental arch dimensions between monozygotic twin pairs are less than the difference between dizygotic twin pairs.
Effect of Exposure Times of Sodium Hypochlorite before Acid Etching on the Microshear Bond Strength to Fluorotic Enamel
Authors: S Zhengfan , Z Meifeng , P Wei , Z Bo , G Ling
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different treatment time of 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the microshear bond strength (μSBS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and etching pattern in mild and moderate fluorotic enamel. Study design: Forty-eight fluorotic molars were divided into two groups: mild and moderate fluorotic enamel which were classified by a Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI). Based on the application time (0s, 60s, 120s, 180s) of 5.25% NaOCl, each group was sectioned into four parts. Then the etched enamel was bonded with resin and tested to acquire μSBS. The statistical method was two-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at α = 0.05. Besides, fracture modes were observed under a stereo microscope. SEM was used to evaluated the enamel-etching pattern and organic content on the fluorotic enamel surface were investigated by ATR-FTIR. Results: Duration of 5.25% NaOCl at 60s or 120s significantly increased the μSBS of fluorotic enamel compared to 0s (p<0.05). Fracture modes indicated that dominating failures were set in the bonding interface but whose proportion decreased when 5.25% NaOCl was applied. The enamel-etching pattern in 180s was deepest under SEM. Spectra of enamel samples manifested an obvious and gradual removal of its organic phase after duration of NaOCl increased. Conclusion: The maximal μSBS is acquired by using 5.25% NaOCl at 60s for mild fluorotic enamel but 120s for the moderate. The prolonged application time of 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid etching improves enamel-etching pattern. Treatment of 5.25% NaOCl decreases proteins on the fluorotic enamel surface.
A Strange Gingival Orifice in an Infant: A Case of Oral Myiasis
Authors: Sengul Fatih , Celikel Peris , Kirman Ridvan
Published: November 2021

Myiasis is a parasitic infection of humans and animals caused by dipterous larvae and is often seen in rural areas. For the first time in the literature as a case of gingival myiasis in an 18-month-old healthy child with good oral hygiene is reported. This case presents the clinical and histopathologic features of oral myiasis. The patient had a swelling in the upper lip for three days and a perforation in the gingiva. After mechanical removal of larvae intraoral symptoms resolved within six days. The larva was identified as Wohlfahrtia magnifica according to the histopathologic evaluation. Dentists working in rural areas should be aware of this very rare condition and its treatment.
Community-Based Mental Health Services in India: Current Status and Roadmap for the Future
Authors: Hans Gagan , Sharan Pratap
Published: November 2021

An estimated 197.3 million people have mental disorders in India, and majority of the population have either no or limited access to mental health services. Thus, the country has a huge burden of mental disorders, and there is a significant treatment gap. Public mental health measures have become a developmental priority so that sustainable gains may be made in this regard. The National Mental Health Program (NMHP) was launched in 1982 as a major step forward for mental health services in India, but it has only been able to partially achieve the desired mental health outcomes. Despite efforts to energize and scale up the program from time to time, progress with development of community-based mental health services and achievement of the desired outcomes in India has been slow. Public health measures, along with integration of mental health services in primary healthcare systems, offer the most sustainable and effective model given the limited mental health resources. The main barriers to this integration include already overburdened primary health centres (PHCs), which face the following challenges: limited staff; multiple tasks; a high patient load; multiple, concurrent programs; lack of training, supervision, and referral services; and non-availability of psychotropic medications in the primary healthcare system. Thus, there is an urgent need for a fresh look at implementation of the NMHP, with a focus on achieving sustainable improvements in a timely manner.
Romanticism in Chunhyangjeon
Authors: Lee Jeong won
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the concept of romanticism in Chunhyangjeon against the backdrop of social class. Chunhyangjeon’s progressive nature is realized not only through its reflection of reality but also in its romanticism; however, this is an insufficiently researched subject. This paper shows that the romanticism in Chunhyangjeon is divided into the use of attractive protagonists, enchanted spaces, and love that transcends status. The male and female protagonists of Chunhyangjeon are attractive, projecting the romantic perception of reality. Chunhyang’s absolute beauty represents the fact that even lower-class women have human dignity, which cannot be infringed by power or status. Lee Doryeong is a prodigal character, but Chunhyang accepts him as a hero. This contradiction reveals that her desires and human understanding transcend status. Chunhyangjeon also presents spaces that cannot exist in reality. Lee Doryeong feels ecstasy in this space, affirming that the way of life is beyond the worldview of the Sadebu (士大夫) and revealing the confidence of a new class. In addition, it seems logical to the narrative wherein Lee Doryeong assumes the duty of love. The progressiveness of Chunhyangjeon is seen in its idea of love that transcends status. This can be called romantic in that it presents emotions, attitudes, and actions that cannot be found in the reality of the social status system as an ideal. Chunhyang and Lee Doryeong begin their relationship by defying the existence of the status system. This is shown through the Bariga and love songs used in the love scenes on the wedding night. They ask each other who they are or want to be. The pleasure of love and the pursuit of a new existence are identified here. This allows us to experience the limits of the status system and to trust in human dignity. Chunhyangjeon forms an aesthetic community based on this romanticism, showing the play to be a narrative of a group that created a new sense of self amid the social changes of 19th century Joseon (朝鮮).
Pansori Yupa(流派) Research-A Reflective Review
Authors: Kim Hey jung
Published: November 2021

Pansori yupa(流派) is a combination of various elements, including region and time, performers, music, and literature. Thus, there has been a large amount of research on the subject. This paper questions the facts and highlights the direction that the discussion of yupa should take in future. The paper considers the conception of yupa, and its connection with the region, reviewing arguments over the regions where yupa was first created, as well as the arguments over old-fashioned (古制) pansori. In this process, the paper highlights the lack of consideration of the cultural foundation of pansori, claims about which could spur regional hegemony. Further, the emergence of a new yupa and its future course is summarized. Above all, it is necessary to recognize the individuality and presentness of current singers rather than the yupa. We should reject the argument that emphasizes the maintenance of past forms and neglects the future of pansori. As it did in the past, to ensure its survival in the music market, pansori, a performing art, should not let theory suppress an artist’s freedom.
Caribbean Water Study
Authors: Janson Nils , Burkhard Lindsay N. , Jones Sara
Published: November 2021

The Caribbean Water Study describes the operational and financial performance of selected water utilities in the Caribbean as reported by the utilities as well as secodary sources, the situation of non-revenue water (NRW) among these utilities, the financial impact of COVID-19 on the utilites, and the issue of their resilience to natural disasters. Benchmarking of the key performance indicators for water utilities in the Caribbean shows how utilities are performing in relation to their peers across time. NRW is seen to be one of the biggest challenges for water utilities in the Caribbean and one of the most direct ways to improve a utilitys efficiency, financial performance, and quality of service. In addition, reducing NRW contributes significantly to climate change adaptation. Regarding financial impact of COVID-19, the Study found that due to the large decreases in non-residential consumption, most utilities registered a fall in revenues and in average tariffs. The Study elucidated the fact that their small size and limited resources of water utilities make it is difficult for them to recover from the devastation of a storm on their own and post-disaster response, natural disaster preparedness, investments to increase resiliency, and access to funds are of critical importance.
Zoosemiótica para Principiantes: del Umwelt de Uexküll a las Fronteras Zoosemióticas del Siglo XXI
Authors: Medina Ramírez Camilo José
Published: November 2021

El propósito de este artículo es introducir al lector al estudio de la zoosemiótica. Para esto, primero se ejemplifica la inconsistencia del pensamiento neodarwiniano al estudiar la comunicación animal. Posteriormente, se muestra un análisis recopilatorio de las principales herramientas conceptuales y autores, que contribuyeron a la formación de la zoosemiótica. Luego se señalan sus principales contribuciones conceptuales al estudio de la evolución: homosemiosis, mimetismo y oxímoron morfológico. Por último, se resumen los métodos y herramientas que se utilizan actualmente para investigar en zoosemiótica, y se señala cuáles son los fenómenos que más recientemente representan un reto para esta disciplina.
Etología, cacería y escape
Authors: Moreno Mancipe Diego , Cortés Suárez Juan Pablo
Published: November 2021

A partir de la biología teórica de Jakob Von Uexküll, el artículo expone cómo una protoetología constituye la condición de posibilidad del diseño de trampas y de todas las prácticas de cacería; en qué sentido la liberación del comportamiento garantizan la fidelidad de la investigación etológica aplicada a los hábitos de consumo; que el concepto de cibernética exhibe una lógica semiorgánica que permite aproximarse a ciertos objetos digitales como si fueran agentes más que herramientas; y la idea de una etología de la máquina como modo de acceso al comportamiento de los algoritmos.