bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome before and after Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy
Authors: Peter Johannes , Fournier Camille , Keip Bettina , Rittershaus Nina , Stephanou-Rieser Nicola , Durdevic Marija , Dejaco Clemens , Michalski Maria , Moser Gabriele
Published: November 2018

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder with brain-gut-microbiome alterations. Gut-directed hypnotherapy (GHT) has been shown to improve quality of life and symptoms in IBS. This therapy targets psychological coping, central nervous processing and brain-gut interaction. Studies have also demonstrated effects of hypnosis on intestinal transit and the mucosal immune system. So far, no study has examined the effect of GHT on the intestinal microbiome. This study aimed at examining microbial composition, IBS symptoms, and psychological distress before and after GHT. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 38 IBS patients (Rome-III criteria, mean age 44 years, 27 female, 11 male, 22 diarrhea-dominant, 12 alternating-type and 4 constipation-dominant IBS) before and after 10 weekly group sessions of GHT. Assessments in psychological (perceived stress, PSQ; psychological distress, HADS-D; quality of life, visual analogue scales) and IBS symptom-related variables (IBS severity, IBS-SSS; single symptoms, visual analogue scales) were performed with validated questionnaires. Fecal samples underwent microbial 16S rRNA analyses (regions V1–2). Results: Microbial alpha diversity was stable before and after GHT (chao1 2591 ± 548 vs. 2581 ± 539, p = 0.92). No significant differences were found in relative bacterial abundances but trends of reduced abundance of Lachnospiraceae 32.18 (4.14–39.89) Median (Q1–Q3) vs. 28.11 (22.85; 35.55) and Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio after GHT were observable. Significant reductions in symptom severity (323 (266–371) vs. 264 (191–331), p = 0.001) and psychological distress 17.0 (12.6–21.8) vs. 12.0 (8.3–18.0), p = 0.001, and increased well-being were found after GHT. Adequate relief after therapy was reported by 32 (84%) patients. Conclusion: Reductions in IBS symptoms and psychological burden were observed after gut-directed hypnotherapy, but only small changes were found in intestinal microbiota composition. The findings suggest that hypnosis may act by central nervous impact and other factors largely independent from microbiota composition modulating the brain-gut axis, possibly alterations in vagus nerve functioning and microbiota metabolism.
Neighborhood Attribute Reduction: A Multicriterion Strategy Based on Sample Selection
Authors: Gao Yuan , Chen Xiangjian , Yang Xibei , Wang Pingxin
Published: November 2018

In the rough-set field, the objective of attribute reduction is to regulate the variations of measures by reducing redundant data attributes. However, most of the previous concepts of attribute reductions were designed by one and only one measure, which indicates that the obtained reduct may fail to meet the constraints given by other measures. In addition, the widely used heuristic algorithm for computing a reduct requires to scan all samples in data, and then time consumption may be too high to be accepted if the size of the data is too large. To alleviate these problems, a framework of attribute reduction based on multiple criteria with sample selection is proposed in this paper. Firstly, cluster centroids are derived from data, and then samples that are far away from the cluster centroids can be selected. This step completes the process of sample selection for reducing data size. Secondly, multiple criteria-based attribute reduction was designed, and the heuristic algorithm was used over the selected samples for computing reduct in terms of multiple criteria. Finally, the experimental results over 12 UCI datasets show that the reducts obtained by our framework not only satisfy the constraints given by multiple criteria, but also provide better classification performance and less time consumption.
Study on Damage Accumulation and Life Prediction with Loads below Fatigue Limit Based on a Modified Nonlinear Model
Authors: Zhang Junhong , Fu Xi , Lin Jiewei , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Nuohao , Wu Bin
Published: November 2018

Most fatigue theories neglect the loads below fatigue limit in damage accumulation, which leads to inconsistency between the predicted and the actual fatigue lives. In this study, a novel damage model is proposed to take into account the loads below fatigue limit from two aspects: the strengthening effect and the cumulative damage. The strengthening effect is introduced by an exponential function and the cumulative damage is calculated by fuzzy method with membership functions (MFs). The proposed model is verified against the experimental data under variable amplitude loading conditions. It is found the modified model with Cauchy MF significantly reduces the relative error of predicted life from 35.18% (linear model) and 16.09% (original Chaboche model) to 8.38% (proposed model). As a case study, the proposed damage model is implemented to evaluate the service life of a compressor blade under variable amplitude loading spectrum containing small loads below the fatigue limit.
Carbon Redistribution and Microstructural Evolution Study during Two-Stage Quenching and Partitioning Process of High-Strength Steels by Modeling
Authors: Wang Yilin , Geng Huicheng , Zhu Bin , Wang Zijian , Zhang Yisheng
Published: November 2018

The application of the quenching and partitioning (Q-P) process on advanced high-strength steels improves part ductility significantly with little decrease in strength. Moreover, the mechanical properties of high-strength steels can be further enhanced by the stepping-quenching-partitioning (S-Q-P) process. In this study, a two-stage quenching and partitioning (two-stage Q-P) process originating from the S-Q-P process of an advanced high-strength steel 30CrMnSi2Nb was analyzed by the simulation method, which consisted of two quenching processes and two partitioning processes. The carbon redistribution, interface migration, and phase transition during the two-stage Q-P process were investigated with different temperatures and partitioning times. The final microstructure of the material formed after the two-stage Q-P process was studied, as well as the volume fraction of the retained austenite. The simulation results indicate that a special microstructure can be obtained by appropriate parameters of the two-stage Q-P process. A mixed microstructure, characterized by alternating distribution of low carbon martensite laths, small-sized low-carbon martensite plates, retained austenite and high-carbon martensite plates, can be obtained. In addition, a peak value of the volume fraction of the stable retained austenite after the final quenching is obtained with proper partitioning time.
Fiber Bragg Gratings in CYTOP Fibers Embedded in a 3D-Printed Flexible Support for Assessment of Human–Robot Interaction Forces
Authors: Leal-Junior Arnaldo , Theodosiou Antreas , Díaz Camilo , Marques Carlos , Pontes Maria José , Kalli Kyriacos , Frizera-Neto Anselmo
Published: November 2018

We developed a flexible support with embedded polymer optical fiber (POF) sensors for the assessment of human–robot interaction forces. The supports were fabricated with a three-dimensional (3D) printer, where an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) rigid structure was used in the region of the support in which the exoskeleton was attached, whereas a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) flexible structure was printed in the region where the users placed their legs. In addition, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), inscribed in low-loss, cyclic, transparent, optical polymer (CYTOP) using the direct-write, plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription method, were embedded in the TPU structure. In this case, a 2-FBG array was embedded in two supports for human–robot interaction force assessment at two points on the users’ legs. Both FBG sensors were characterized with respect to temperature and force; additionally, the creep response of the polymer, where temperature influences the force sensitivity, was analyzed. Following the characterization, a compensation method for the creep and temperature influence was derived, showing relative errors below 4.5%. Such errors were lower than the ones obtained with similar sensors in previously published works. The instrumented support was attached to an exoskeleton for knee rehabilitation exercises, where the human–robot interaction forces were measured in flexion and extension cycles.
Diphenyl Ethers from a Marine-Derived Aspergillus sydowii
Authors: Wang Ya-Nan , Mou Yan-Hua , Dong Yu , Wu Yan , Liu Bing-Yu , Bai Jian , Yan Dao-Jiang , Zhang Le , Feng Dan-Qing , Pei Yue-Hu , Hu You-Cai
Published: November 2018

Six new diphenyl ethers (1–6) along with eleven known analogs were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a marine-derived Aspergillus sydowii guided by LC-UV-MS. Their structures were unambiguously characterized by HRESIMS, NMR, as well as chemical derivatization. Compounds 1 and 2 are rare diphenyl ether glycosides containing d-ribose. The absolute configuration of the sugar moieties in compounds 1–3 was determined by a LC-MS method. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against eight cancer cell lines, including 4T1, U937, PC3, HL-60, HT-29, A549, NCI-H460, and K562, and compounds 1, 5, 6, and 8–11 were found to exhibit selective cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines.
Effects of CaO Addition on the Iron Recycling from Nickel Slags by Oxidation-Magnetic Separation
Authors: Ma Yongbo , Du Xueyan
Published: November 2018

To recover iron from water-quenched nickel slags, CaO was added. Thermodynamic analysis showed that CaO promotes the reaction between fayalite (Fe2SiO4) and O2. Phase diagrams of the FeO-SiO2-MgO-CaO slag with various CaO contents in an air atmosphere drawn by FactSage 7.1 showed that the phase components can be significantly affected by the CaO contents. With increasing CaO content, the fusion characteristic temperatures decreased rapidly to a minimum and subsequently increased slightly. The oxidization of Fe2SiO4 in nickel slags was accelerated significantly by the addition of CaO, which led to an increase of FeO activity and decrease of Fe2O3 activity to promote the formation of MgFe2O4. Excess addition of CaO led to the formation of more silicates. In addition, the crystallization temperature was also reduced with increasing CaO content, causing less spinel to crystalize. With increasing CaO content, the iron recovery and yield of concentrate first increased and subsequently decreased, while the total iron (TFe) content was almost not influenced and maintained a relatively stable value.
Sol-Gel Template Synthesis and Characterization of Lu2O3:Eu3+ Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Hu Yahua , Gu Mu , Liu Xiaolin , Zhang Juannan , Huang Shiming , Liu Bo
Published: November 2018

Uniform Lu2O3:Eu3+ nanowire arrays were successfully prepared by the sol-gel process using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The as-synthesized nanowires are homogeneous, highly ordered, and dense and have a uniform diameter of ~300 nm defined by the AAO templates. The X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction results show that the Lu2O3:Eu3+ nanowires have a polycrystalline cubic structure, and the crystallite size of the Lu2O3:Eu3+ nanowires is confined by the AAO template. The nanowires within the AAO template showed good photoluminescence and X-ray-excited optical luminescence performances for Lu2O3:Eu3+. The emission peaks were attributed to the 5D0 → 7FJ transitions of Eu3+ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3).
Monolithic Multi Degree of Freedom (MDoF) Capacitive MEMS Accelerometers
Authors: Mohammed Zakriya , Elfadel Ibrahim (Abe) M. , Rasras Mahmoud
Published: November 2018

With the continuous advancements in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technology, inertial sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes can be designed and manufactured with smaller footprint and lower power consumption. In the literature, there are several reported accelerometer designs based on MEMS technology and utilizing various transductions like capacitive, piezoelectric, optical, thermal, among several others. In particular, capacitive accelerometers are the most popular and highly researched due to several advantages like high sensitivity, low noise, low temperature sensitivity, linearity, and small footprint. Accelerometers can be designed to sense acceleration in all the three directions (X, Y, and Z-axis). Single-axis accelerometers are the most common and are often integrated orthogonally and combined as multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDoF) packages for sensing acceleration in the three directions. This type of MDoF increases the overall device footprint and cost. It also causes calibration errors and may require expensive compensations. Another type of MDoF accelerometers is based on monolithic integration and is proving to be effective in solving the footprint and calibration problems. There are mainly two classes of such monolithic MDoF accelerometers, depending on the number of proof masses used. The first class uses multiple proof masses with the main advantage being zero calibration issues. The second class uses a single proof mass, which results in compact device with a reduced noise floor. The latter class, however, suffers from high cross-axis sensitivity. It also requires very innovative layout designs, owing to the complicated mechanical structures and electrical contact placement. The performance complications due to nonlinearity, post fabrication process, and readout electronics affects both classes of accelerometers. In order to effectively compare them, we have used metrics such as sensitivity per unit area and noise-area product. This paper is devoted to an in-depth review of monolithic multi-axis capacitive MEMS accelerometers, including a detailed analysis of recent advancements aimed at solving their problems such as size, noise floor, cross-axis sensitivity, and process aware modeling.
Promising Fungicides from Allelochemicals: Synthesis of Umbelliferone Derivatives and Their Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Pan Le , Lei Dongyu , Jin Lu , He Yuan , Yang Qingqing
Published: November 2018

Umbelliferone was discovered to be an important allelochemical in our previous study, but the contribution of its activity and structure has not yet been revealed. In this study, a series of analogues were synthesized to determine the skeleton of umbelliferone and examine its fungicidal activity. Furthermore, targeted modifications were conducted with three plant parasitic fungi to examine the lead compounds. Among those tested, compounds 2f and 10 were found to show excellent antifungal activity with an inhibitory rate over 80% at 100 ug/mL. The study proves that umbelliferone can be a promising skeleton for fungicides discovery. In addition, the primary structure–activity relationship provides a good guidance for the discovery of novel fungicides based on natural products in the future.
Additional Vitamin and Mineral Support for Patients with Severe Burns: A Nationwide Experience from a Catastrophic Color-Dust Explosion Event in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Li-Ru , Yang Bing-Shiang , Chang Chih-Ning , Yu Chia-Meng , Chen Kuo-Hu
Published: November 2018

Major burn injuries, which encompass ≥20% of the total body surface area (TBSA), are the most severe form of trauma because of the stress response they provoke, which includes hypermetabolism, muscle wasting, and stress-induced diabetes. In 2015, a color-dust explosion disaster occurred in the Formosa Fun Coast of Taiwan and injured 499 people, who were transferred via a nationwide emergency delivery system. Some recommendations are currently available regarding vitamin and mineral support for wound healing and recovery in severe burns, but there is a lack of evidence to confirm the benefits. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of additional vitamin and mineral support for patients with severe burn injuries. Sixty-one hospitalized individuals with major burns (full thickness and ≥20% TBSA) were classified into the supplement (n = 30) and control (n = 31) groups, according to whether they received supplementation with additional vitamins, calcium, and magnesium. There were significant differences between the supplement and control groups in the incidence of wound infection (30.0% vs. 77.4%, p < 0.001), sepsis (13.3% vs. 41.9%, p = 0.021), and hospitalization days (51.80 vs. 76.81, p = 0.025). After adjustment, logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared to those in the control group, patients in the supplement group had a lower risk for wound infection (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.03–0.43; p = 0.002) and sepsis (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.61; p = 0.014). Supplementation of multiple vitamins, calcium, and magnesium reduced the risk of wound infection and sepsis, shortened the time of hospitalization, and can be considered for use in major burns.
Fabrication of Carbohydrate Chips Based on Polydopamine for Real-Time Determination of Carbohydrate–Lectin Interactions by QCM Biosensor
Authors: Shang Kun , Song Siyu , Cheng Yaping , Guo Lili , Pei Yuxin , Lv Xiaomeng , Aastrup Teodor , Pei Zhichao
Published: November 2018

A novel approach for preparing carbohydrate chips based on polydopamine (PDA) surface to study carbohydrate–lectin interactions by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor instrument has been developed. The amino-carbohydrates were immobilized on PDA-coated quartz crystals via Schiff base reaction and/or Michael addition reaction. The resulting carbohydrate-chips were applied to QCM biosensor instrument with flow-through system for real-time detection of lectin–carbohydrate interactions. A series of plant lectins, including wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA), were evaluated for the binding to different kinds of carbohydrate chips. Clearly, the results show that the predicted lectin selectively binds to the carbohydrates, which demonstrates the applicability of the approach. Furthermore, the kinetics of the interactions between Con A and mannose, WGA and N-Acetylglucosamine were studied, respectively. This study provides an efficient approach to preparing carbohydrate chips based on PDA for the lectin–carbohydrate interactions study.
Energy Consumption and Economic Analyses of a Supercritical Water Oxidation System with Oxygen Recovery
Authors: Zhang Fengming , Chen Jiulin , Su Chuangjian , Ma Chunyuan
Published: November 2018

Oxygen consumption is one of the factors that contributes to the high treatment cost of a supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) system. In this work, we proposed an oxygen recovery (OR) process for an SCWO system based on the solubility difference between oxygen and CO2 in high-pressure water. A two-stage gas–liquid separation process was established using Aspen Plus software to obtain the optimized separation parameters. Accordingly, energy consumption and economic analyses were conducted for the SCWO process with and without OR. Electricity, depreciation, and oxygen costs contribute to the major cost of the SCWO system without OR, accounting for 46.18, 30.24, and 18.01 $·t−1, respectively. When OR was introduced, the total treatment cost decreased from 56.80 $·t−1 to 46.17 $·t−1, with a reduction of 18.82%. Operating cost can be significantly reduced at higher values of the stoichiometric oxygen excess for the SCWO system with OR. Moreover, the treatment cost for the SCWO system with OR decreases with increasing feed concentration for more reaction heat and oxygen recovery.
SCFSen: A Sensor Node for Regional Soil Carbon Flux Monitoring
Authors: Wang Guoying , Wu Xiaoping , Mo Lufeng , Zhao Jizhong
Published: November 2018

Estimation of regional soil carbon flux is very important for the study of the global carbon cycle. The spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration prevents the actual status of regional soil carbon flux from being revealed by measurements of only one or a few spatial sampling positions, which are usually used by traditional studies for the limitation of measurement instruments, so measuring in many spatial positions is very necessary. However, the existing instruments are expensive and cannot communicate with each other, which prevents them from meeting the requirement of synchronous measurements in multiple positions. Therefore, we designed and implemented an instrument for soil carbon flux measuring based on dynamic chamber method, SCFSen, which can measure soil carbon flux and communicate with each other to construct a sensor network. In its working stage, a SCFSen node measures the concentration of carbon in the chamber with an infrared carbon dioxide sensor for certain times periodically, and then the changing rate of the measurements is calculated, which can be converted to the corresponding value of soil carbon flux in the position during the short period. A wireless sensor network system using SCFSens as soil carbon flux sensing nodes can carry out multi-position measurements synchronously, so as to obtain the spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration. Furthermore, the sustainability of such a wireless sensor network system makes the temporal variability of regional soil carbon flux can also be obtained. So SCFSen makes thorough monitoring and accurate estimation of regional soil carbon flux become more feasible.
Fast and Accurate Finite Transducer Analysis Method for Wireless Passive Impedance-Loaded SAW Sensors
Authors: Luo Wei , Yuan Yang , Wang Yi , Fu Qiuyun , Xia Hui , Li Honglang
Published: November 2018

An accurate and fast simulation tool plays an important role in the design of wireless passive impedance-loaded surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors which have received much attention recently. This paper presents a finite transducer analysis method for wireless passive impedance-loaded SAW sensors. The finite transducer analysis method uses a numerically combined finite element method-boundary element method (FEM/BEM) model to analyze non-periodic transducers. In non-periodic transducers, FEM/BEM was the most accurate analysis method until now, however this method consumes central processing unit (CPU) time. This paper presents a faster algorithm to calculate the bulk wave part of the equation coefficient which usually requires a long time. A complete non-periodic FEM/BEM model of the impedance sensors was constructed. Modifications were made to the final equations in the FEM/BEM model to adjust for the impedance variation of the sensors. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method reduces the computation time efficiently while maintaining the same high degree of accuracy. Simulations and their comparisons with experimental results for test devices are shown to prove the effectiveness of the analysis method.
Sensitive Hg2+ Sensing via Quenching the Fluorescence of the Complex between Polythymine and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) Porphyrin (TMPyP)
Authors: Wu Daohong , Huang Yaliang , Hu Shengqiang , Yi Xinyao , Wang Jianxiu
Published: November 2018

The interaction between polythymine (dTn) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (TMPyP) was systematically studied using various techniques. dTn remarkably enhanced the fluorescence intensity of TMPyP as compared to other oligonucleotides. The enhanced fluorescence intensity and the shift of the emission peaks were ascribed to the formation of a π-π complex between TMPyP and dTn. And the quenching of the dTn-enhanced fluorescence by Hg2+ through a synergistic effect occurs due to the heavy atom effect. The binding of Hg2+ to TMPyP plays an important role in the Hg-TMPyP-dT30 ternary complex formation. A TMPyP-dT30-based Hg2+ sensor was developed with a dynamic range of Hg2+ from 5 nM to 100 nM. The detection limit of 1.3 nM was low enough for Hg2+ determination. The sensor also exhibited good selectivity against other metal ions. Experiments for tap water and river water demonstrated that the detection method was applicable for Hg2+ determination in real samples. The Hg2+ sensor based on oligonucleotide dT30-enhanced TMPyP fluorescence was fast and low-cost, presenting a promising platform for practical Hg2+ determination.
An Integrated Spatial Analysis Computer Environment for Urban-Building Energy in Cities
Authors: Sun Yu , Silva Elisabete A. , Tian Wei , Choudhary Ruchi , Leng Hong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we developed a new integrated analysis environment in order to thoroughly analyses urban-building energy patterns, named IUBEA (integrated urban building energy analysis), which focuses on energy modeling and analysis of a city’s building stock to support district or city-scale efficiency programs. It is argued that cities and towns account for more than two-thirds of world energy consumption. Thus, this paper explores techniques to integrate a spatial analysis environment in the field of urban building energy assessment in cites to make full use of current spatial data relevant to urban-building energy consumption and energy efficiency policies. We illustrate how multi-scale sampling and analysis for energy consumption and simulate the energy-saving scenarios by taking as an example of Greater London. In the final part, is an application of an agent-based model (ABM) in IUBEA regarding behavioral and economic characteristics of building stocks in the context of building energy efficiency. This paper first describes the basic concept for this integrated spatial analysis environment IUBEA. Then, this paper discusses the main functions for this new environment in detail. The research serves a new paradigm of the multi-scale integrated analysis that can lead to an efficient energy model, which contributes the body of knowledge of energy modeling beyond the single building scale. Findings also proved that ABM is a feasible tool to tackle intellectual challenges in energy modeling. The final adoption example of Greater London demonstrated that the integrated analysis environment as a feasible tool for building energy consumption have unique advantages and wide applicability.
Neutrosophic Computability and Enumeration
Authors: Çevik Ahmet , Topal Selçuk , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2018

We introduce oracle Turing machines with neutrosophic values allowed in the oracle information and then give some results when one is permitted to use neutrosophic sets and logic in relative computation. We also introduce a method to enumerate the elements of a neutrosophic subset of natural numbers.
Ordre local autour du germanium dans les verres du système SiO2-GeO2-B2O3-Na2O : étude par spectrométrie d'absorption X
Authors: Lapeyre Caroline , Petiau Jacqueline , Calas Georges , Gauthier Francis , Gombert Jean
Published: November 2018

L'ordre local autour du germanium dans les verres à séparation de phase du système SiO2-GeO2-B2O3-Na2O a été étudié par EXAFS et comparé à celui observé dans des verres plus simples (GeO2 vitreux, binaires GeO2-SiO2 et GeO2-Na2O). Dans GeO2 pur et dans les binaires GeO2-SiO2, la distance Ge-O mesurée prouve que le germanium est uniquement en coordinance 4 et que le tétraèdre GeO4 est rigide. Au contraire, l'accroissement de la distance Ge-O dans le binaire GeO2-Na2O montre qu'une partie des atomes de germanium y est en coordinance 6.

Une deuxième couche atomique n'est observée que dans les verres GeO2 pur et GeO2-Na2O ; elle traduit un angle Ge-Q-Ge bien défini et voisin de celui mesuré dans le cristal a-GeO2 (130°), ce qui indique un ordre tridimensionnel au-delà du tétraèdre de base. Un verre quaternaire étudié à différentes étapes du processus de séparation de phase ne montre qu'une seule couche Ge-O, avec un comportement proche de celui observé dans le binaire GeO2-SiO2.
Hydrogen and carbon derived from dissolved H2O and CO2 in minerals and melts
Authors: Freund Friedemann , Wengeler Heinz , Kathrein Hendrik , Knobel Rolf , Oberheuser Gert , Maiti Gobinda C. , Reil Dieter , Knipping Uwe , Kötz Jürgen
Published: November 2018

Un examen détaillé des mécanismes de dissolution de l'eau et du CO2 dans des minéraux nominalement anhydres et exempts de carbonates conduit à diverses conséquences qui paraissent importantes pour la pétrologie des roches originaires du manteau et leur fusion en présence de fluides.

(1) La dissolution d'eau conduit à la formation de OH- qui peuvent réagir pour former de l'H2 moléculaire, O- et en fin de compte des cuivres peroxydes O22-.

(2) L'hydrogène moléculaire (voir le point 1) peut s'échapper, laissant un système stoéchiométriquement enrichi en oxygène, qui peut se dégager à certaines températures bien définies sous forme de O2 moléculaire.

(3) Le CO2 dissous peut former des ions carbonates, CO22-, mais, et de manière plus importante, il se dissocie pour former O- et du carbone "atomique" C très mobile. Les atomes de C sont liés à un ou deux O- sous forme de CO22- ou CO-.

(4) Les déformations induites par les espèces dipolaires CO22- et CO- (voir le point 3) peuvent conduire à des défauts semblables à ceux qui provoquent la transition ferro-électrique - non-ferroélectrique des minéraux.

(5) L'application de contraintes non uniformes cause un flux de diffusion du carbone dissous (voir le point 3), qui peut être rapide, transportant le carbone sur des distances importantes.

(6) Le dégagement observé de CO2 d'un minéral silicaté chauffé n'est pas la preuve de la présence initiale de CO32-, parce que du CO2 se dégage aussi à partir de CO32-, le carbone atomique dissous. (7) La dissolution de CO2 dans des silicates solides se produit par chimisorption même à P = 1 bar et à température ambiante. Ainsi, les roches terrestres contribuent à tamponner la pression partielle de CO2 de l'atmosphère.

(8) La réaction du carbone "atomique" dissous C avec des cations, de l'hydrogène ou de l'oxygène du réseau peut conduire à des composés métallo-organiques.

(9) Des hydrocarbures, considérablement plus complexes que le méthane, sont formés sur les surfaces de fracture des minéraux, à la suite des réactions du carbone atomique dissous avec H2 (voir le point 1).

(10) L'azote peut également être dissous dans les minéraux silicatés. Lors d'un chauffage, il se dégage sous forme de N2 ou réagit avec le C "atomique", H2 et O- pour donner des composés aminés.

Une évaluation quantitative des déformations locales associées aux espèces de carbone dissoutes, à l'hydrogène moléculaire et aux anions peroxydes nous permettront de calculer les différences de solubilité du CO2 et de H2O dans les minéraux et les liquides.
Diffusion dans les silicates fondus : un bilan des connaissances actuelles
Authors: Jambon Albert
Published: November 2018

Nous proposons une systématisation des résultats de la littérature en recherchant des paramètres simples, permettant de prévoir, a priori, les diffusivités dans les verres et les silicates fondus.

Les mesures de diffusivité de traceur sont les plus nombreuses, en particulier pour Na et He dans le système Na2O :SiO2. La corrélation négative entre le teneur en Na2O et l'énergie d'activation de diffusion pour le sodium, montre des écarts importants entre les résultats des différents auteurs. Ceux-ci s'expliquent probablement par des phénomènes de démixtion. Pour He, cet effet est bien mis en évidence et on observe aussi une augmentation de l'énergie d'activation avec la teneur en Na2O, à l'inverse du sodium. Cet effet de composition reste modéré, comparé aux variations observées entre différents éléments ; seule l'eau augmente la diffusivité des éléments les moins mobiles de plusieurs ordres de grandeur. Un modèle de solide élastique est actuellement le seul qui fournisse des résultats intéressants.

Le transport de l'eau dépend fortement de la teneur en eau du système. Nous proposons pour la diffusivité une dépendance linéaire avec la fugacité.

La complexité des mélanges de silicates naturels ne permet pas le découplage des composants. Tous les éléments majeurs se déplacent globalement "à la même vitesse". La relation entre les coefficients de diffusion ainsi mesurés et la diffusivité de traceur, si elle existe, reste à déterminer, la teneur a, ici aussi, une forte influence.
Thermal diffusion and magmatic differentiation : a new look at an old problem
Authors: Schott Jacques
Published: November 2018

When a thermal gradient is imposed on an isobaric solution, which is initially in chemical equilibrium, a redistribution of chemical species arises to minimize the free energy of the system. This process is known in general as thermal diffusion and in the case of liquids as the Soret effect. Matter and heat transfer taking place under these conditions can be formally treated with the methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The Onsager reciprocity relations for the coefficients in the flux equations can be used to estimate the Soret coefficients.

Soret effect experiments on molten salts and silicate melts have confirmed the Onsager reciprocity relations, and have shown that this effect can cause considerable isotopic and chemical inhomogeneity. Under suitable conditions the Soret effect can be as effective as crystal fractionation as a cause of magmatic differentiation. Network formers show a Soret effect opposite to that of network modifiers in silicate melts.

The effectiveness of the Soret effect will be increased greatly if convection also takes place ; the coupling of these two processes gives rise to a phenomenon known as thermogravitational separation. The recently discovered process of double diffusion, which is also believed to occur in magma chambers, will also enhance considerably the Soret effect. Petrological evidence for the operation of the Soret effects is reviewed.
L’évolution de l’autonomie de la « République de Crimée »
Authors: Klimt Pierre , Lemey Marie
Published: November 2018

Le 16 mars 2015, la Crimée célébrait l’an I de son annexion par la Russie, opération que la communauté internationale n’a — dans sa grande majorité — pas reconnue. Cette annexion, alors fortement médiatisée, vit la région historiquement stratégique de la péninsule de Crimée passer officiellement par trois statuts différents : d’une «République autonome » , région à statut particulier au sein de l’État unitaire ukrainien, elle est devenue l’éphémère République «indépendante » de Crimée puis la «République de Crimée » , État fédéré membre de la Fédération de Russie. L’étude du droit constitutionnel (ukrainien, criméen et russe) et du droit international public conduisent à analyser l’évolution de l’autonomie de ce territoire tant du point de vue de sa licéité au regard des droits internes et externes que de son effectivité passée et à venir. La présente contribution met ainsi en avant le caractère illicite de la sécession de la «République autonome » vis-à-vis de l’Ukraine et de l’annexion conséquente opérée par la Fédération de Russie mais aussi l’expansion relative des perspectives d’autonomie interne de la Crimée.
Le processus constitutionnel de l’État en crise exercé sous la contrainte internationale: étude du cas de la Bosnie-Herzégovine
Authors: Barnabé Quentin , Paiola Lucie
Published: November 2018

Fonder un État passe nécessairement par l’adoption d’une Constitution, un mécanisme classique dans lequel les peuples peuvent, directement ou non, choisir leur organisation politique et institutionnelle. Ce processus doit en théorie être mené conformément au principe de l’autonomie constitutionnelle des États et selon les canons de la démocratie, notamment l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante et/ou la tenue d’un référendum. Quelques États dérogent cependant à cette règle, parmi lesquels, la Bosnie-Herzégovine.

Lorsque le conflit armé éclata dans cet État, les institutions perdirent leur légitimité et la volonté politique périclita. Les organisations internationales, l’ONU en tête, s’alarmèrent alors de ce nouvel État en crise et lancèrent des opérations de maintien de la paix. Toutefois, la stabilité et la pérennité de cet État impliquaient son établissement et donc l’adoption d’une nouvelle Constitution. Fortes de ce constat, les coalitions étatiques engagées dans le rétablissement de la paix allèrent jusqu’à s’imposer dans le processus constitutionnel de la Bosnie-Herzégovine.

Cette contrainte internationale trouve des expressions tant formelles que matérielles dans la norme fondamentale bosniaque. Bien que ce processus ait réussi à instaurer immédiatement la paix, on peut s’interroger sur la stabilité et la pérennité de cette dernière.
L'indemnisation de fans français pour la mort de Michael Jackson : mais où s'arrête le préjudice moral ?
Authors: Coat Alix
Published: November 2018

Certaines affaires qui pourraient, a priori, sembler drôles nous rappellent régulièrement que des notions d’importance, par exemple celle de préjudice moral, peuvent être fragilisées quand elles ne sont pas maniées avec la plus grande prudence ou lorsque la définition de leur contenu est sujette à dissensions. Ainsi, une interprétation extensive de la notion de victime par ricochet a pu conduire à une indemnisation de fans français au décès de la star de la pop Mickaël Jackson au nom du préjudice d’affection.
Approche réflexive de deux enseignants-chercheurs en science juridique
Authors: Laronde-Clérac Céline , Luget Agnès de
Published: November 2018

Le concours d’accès à l’ENM et l’examen professionnel d’accès à la profession d’avocat connaissent ou ont connu un certain nombre de réformes affectant l’essence même de certaines épreuves telles que celle de questions à réponse courte (QRC, ENM) et celle d’exposé-discussion (examen d’accès à la profession d’avocat). Deux maîtres de conférences, qui participent à l’entraînement des étudiants dans le cadre de l’Institut d’études judiciaires de La Rochelle, ont interrogé leur pratique pédagogique. Elles ont recherché, dans un contexte contraint, une méthode de préparation adaptée aux enjeux, fondée sur une approche réflexive. Elles exposent à la fois la construction de leur méthode d’enseignement et l’analyse critique de la méthode ainsi conçue.
Conciliation, médiation, transaction, convention de procédure participative, rupture conventionnelle. . . quelle place pour le juge ?
Authors: Chabault-Marx Caroline
Published: November 2018

Le développement des modes alternatifs de règlement des différends est aujourd’hui tel — et ce notamment depuis la loi n° 2016-1547 du 18 novembre 2016 de modernisation de la justice du XXIe siècle — que le juge peut légitimement s ’interroger sur la place et les pouvoirs qu ’il conserve, aussi bien dans le cadre des accords extrajudiciaires que dans celui des accords judicaires.
Réflexion sur les garanties fondamentales des agents publics investis d'un mandat syndical
Authors: Ondo Télesphore
Published: November 2018

Les agents publics investis d’un mandat syndical bénéficient de garanties fondamentales leur permettant de remplir rapidement et efficacement leurs fonctions. Toutefois, ce statut exorbitant de droit commun est encadré et limité par la pratique jurisprudentielle et administrative.
Underspecified Precendence Relation and Vowel~Zero Alternations in Hungarian
Authors: Abrusan Marta
Published: November 2018

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Weight-sensitive tone patterns in loanwords of south kyungsang korean
Authors: Lee Dongmyung
Published: November 2018

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MULTIBED ADSORBENT ON REMOVAL OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM THROUGH VARIOUS KINETIC MODELS
Authors: Lalitha L. M. , Mohan S. Mariraj
Published: November 2018

In this study, an idea of using multiple layers of adsorbents in adsorption column is proposed for treatment of synthetic wastewater for removal of Cr(VI) ions. In the present study, an effort has been made to study and compare the performance of fixed bed column with single bed adsorbent (RH only) and multi bed adsorbent of Rice Husk (RH), Saw Dust (SD) and Coir Dust (CD) in removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater and arrive at the parameters of the adsorption column that are useful for process design. From the characterization studies, it has been observed that carbon, aluminium and silica were the major components of the three natural adsorbents studied. It was found that, for better heavy metal removal, natural adsorbents with a percentage of fineness of around 54% could be used in adsorption studies. From the breakthrough curves of single bed and multi bed adsorption columns, it was evident that the multi bed adsorption column performed better. The time taken to achieve the breakthrough point and the exhaustion point in multi bed column is 2.5 times and 1.9 times greater than the time taken by single bed adsorption studies respectively. It was observed that in multi bed adsorption column, at greater bed depths, the significant increase in metal uptake capacity was due to the increase in contact time. Kinetic models viz. Thomas model, Yoon-Nelson model and Bed Depth Service Time model (BDST) were used to predict the performance of the column and sum of squares (SS) error analysis was carried out to test the accuracy of model equations. Higher R2 value and smaller SS value obtained from Thomas model proves that it is suitable to explain the adsorption of Cr(VI) in single and multi bed adsorption column of natural adsorbents. Experimental data fitted well with BDST model where R2 = 0.997. From the cost analysis, multi bed adsorption column was proven to be economical and confirmed that the locally and abundantly available agricultural wastes viz. RH, SD and CD could be used as an alternate to commercially available activated carbon for the removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater.
A Late-type L Dwarf at 11 pc Hiding in the Galactic Plane Characterized Using Gaia DR2
Authors: Faherty Jacqueline K. , Gagné Jonathan , Burgasser Adam J. , Mamajek Eric E. , Gonzales Eileen C. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Marocco Federico
Published: November 2018

We report on the characterization of a nearby (

pc) ultracool L dwarf (WISE J192512.78+070038.8; hereafter W1925) identified as a faint (G = 20.038 ± 0.009) object with high proper motion (219.834 ± 1.843 mas yr−1)in the Gaia Data Releases 1 and 2. A Palomar/TripleSpec near-infrared spectrum of W1925 confirms a photometric L7 spectral type previously estimated by Scholz & Bell, and its infrared colors and absolute magnitudes are consistent with a single object of this type. We constructed a spectral energy distribution using the Gaia parallax, literature photometry, and near-infrared spectrum and find a luminosity log(L
bol/L
⊙) = −4.443 ± 0.008. Applying evolutionary models, we infer that W1925 is likely a 53 ± 18 M
Jup brown dwarf with T
eff = 1404 ± 71 K and log g = 5.1 ± 0.4 dex (cgs). While W1925 was detected in both the 2MASS and WISE infrared sky surveys, it was not detected in photographic plate sky surveys. Its combination of extreme optical–infrared colors, high proper motion, and location near the crowded Galactic plane (b = −4.°2) likely contributed to its having evaded detection in pre-Gaia surveys.
On the Effects of Self-obscuration in the (Sub)Millimeter Spectral Indices and the Appearance of Protostellar Disks
Authors: Galván-Madrid Roberto , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Izquierdo Andrés F. , Miotello Anna , Zhao Bo , Carrasco-González Carlos , Lizano Susana , Rodríguez Luis F.
Published: November 2018

In this paper we explore the effects of self-obscuration in protostellar disks with a radially decreasing temperature gradient and a colder midplane. We are motivated by recent reports of resolved dark lanes (“hamburgers”) and (sub)millimeter spectral indices systematically below the ISM value for optically thin dust, α
ISM = 3.7. We explore several model grids, scaling disk mass and varying inclination angle i and observing frequency ν from the VLA Ka band (∼37 GHz) to ALMA Band 8 (∼405 GHz). We also consider the effects of decreasing the index of the (sub-)millimeter dust opacity power-law β from 1.7 to 1. We find that a distribution of disk masses in the range M
disk = 0.01–2 M
⊙ is needed to reproduce the observed distribution of spectral indices, and that assuming a fixed β = 1.7 gives better results than β = 1. A wide distribution of disk masses is also needed to produce some cases with α < 2, as reported for some sources in the literature. Such extremely low spectral indices arise naturally when the selected observing frequencies sample the appropriate change in the temperature structure of the optically thick model disk. Our results show that protostellar disk masses could often be underestimated by > ×10, and are consistent with recent hydrodynamical simulations. Although we do not rule out the possibility of some grain growth occurring within the short protostellar timescales, we conclude that self-obscuration needs to be taken into account.
Karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of rDNA of Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from Lake Volvi, Greece
Authors: Hnátková Eva , Triantaphyllidis Costas , Ozouf-Costaz Catherine , Choleva Lukáš , Majtánová Zuzana , Bohlen Joerg , Ráb Petr
Published: November 2018

The karyotype of Greek cobitid fish Cobitisstrumicae Karaman, 1955, from Lake Volvi, Greece, a representative of one of its two major intraspecific phylogenetic lineages, was analysed by means of sequential Giemsa-staining, C-banding, silver-staining, CMA3 fluorescence banding and also by in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA probe. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50, karyotype composed of 10 pairs of metacentric to submetacentric and 15 pairs of subtelocentric to acrocentric chromosomes. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) as revealed by Ag- and CMA3 staining and FISH were situated in the telomeric region of the fourth submetacentric chromosome pair. The chromosomes contained very low content of C-positive heterochromatin. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected. This first karyotype report for any species of lineage Bicanestrinia Băcescu, 1962 shows a simple karyotype dominated by acrocentric chromosomes and possessing single NOR-bearing chromosome pair. Cytotaxonomic implications of this finding for the taxonomy of the genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 are further discussed.
Comment décrire les technologies d’apprentissage artificiel ?
Authors: Vayre Jean-Sébastien
Published: November 2018

Aujourd’hui, nous sommes tous conduits à produire quotidiennement de grandes quantités de données numériques. Du point de vue des acteurs socioéconomiques, la valeur de ces données souvent qualifiées de massives réside essentiellement dans leur capacité à autoriser une meilleure domestication du futur. Pour ce faire, de nombreux professionnels conçoivent un arsenal de machines qui ont pour fonction de prédire l’avenir. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’étudier les discours des concepteurs afin de dégager différents outils de description de la fabrication de ces machines. Notre objectif est ainsi de permettre l’identification et la compréhension des normativités que recouvre leur développement au sein des organisations.
Abstraction, expropriation, anticipation
Authors: Bruno Fernanda , Lissovsky Maurício , Ferraz Vidal Junior Icaro
Published: November 2018

L’article propose une généalogie des visions machiniques de la gestualité, commençant par la reproductibilité technique de l’image, et arrivant aux machines prédictives contemporaines. Le texte est structuré en trois parties. La première décrit comment la reproductibilité technique de l’image – photographique et cinématographique – est mise au service de la réplication du geste, de son abstraction et de son expropriation dans plusieurs domaines (sécurité et autodéfense, science, art et industrie). La deuxième partie montre que la matrice du modèle technique contemporain, visant la prédiction des comportements, était déjà partiellement définie par la cybernétique. Finalement, la dernière partie analyse les dispositifs de vision par ordinateur et les caméras intelligentes basées sur la détection automatisée de gestes et de mouvements envisageant la prédiction et le contrôle de la conduite. Ce parcours généalogique met en évidence deux vecteurs de transformation. Le premier est une progressive abstraction et expropriation des gestes par l’image technique. Le second est un effacement relatif de l’identité et de la subjectivité lorsque le biais prédictif de l’image technique est renforcé. Surtout dans le domaine de la sécurité et de la surveillance, la dimension prédictive se renforce en s’éloignant du paradigme de l’identification qui est dominant dans la modernité.