bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal patterns of childhood homelessness and early adolescent trajectories of internalising and externalising behaviour
Authors: Kim Hannah Hayoung , Keen Ryan , Tang Alva , Denckla Christy , Slopen Natalie
Published: February 2023

Background

Child homelessness has been associated with elevated mental health problems during early adolescence, a period of onset for psychiatric problems. Prior literature has relied on cross-sectional studies, limiting the understanding of temporality and trajectories of psychopathology. We extend prior literature by examining associations between child homelessness and internalising and externalising symptom trajectories in early adolescence, with consideration of timing and persistence of homelessness.

Methods

Using population-based longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we used multilevel models to examine the effects of homelessness prior to age 9, the timing of homelessness (eg, early vs middle childhood) and cumulative exposure to homelessness on internalising and externalising trajectories across ages <0–9 years. We also tested for sex differences in these associations.

Results

Of the 8391 participants, 5.5% reported exposure to homelessness at least once before age 9. Children who experienced homelessness had elevated internalising and externalising symptoms compared with their consistently housed peers, with excess risk evident among children who first experienced homelessness in middle childhood (relative to early childhood) and children who experienced recurrent homelessness. We did not observe changes in symptom trajectories over the course of 4 years. Men who experienced homelessness displayed a more pronounced risk of internalising symptoms relative to women and men who did not experience homelessness.

Conclusion

Childhood homelessness is associated with persistently elevated internalising and externalising symptoms across early adolescence compared with their consistently housed peers. Interventions and policies to address family homelessness may lead to better mental health among adolescents.
Burden prediction in cancer caregivers: role of social support and connectedness
Authors: Yuen Eva YN , Wilson Carlene , Livingston Patricia M , White Victoria M , McLeod Vicki , Hutchinson Alison M
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Caregivers play a key role in providing support to people with cancer. However, caregiving can be stressful and demanding, resulting in perceived caregiver burden. Social connectedness is considered partially independent from social support, yet few studies have examined whether social connectedness impacts caregiver burden. The current study sought to examine: (a) associations among social support, social connectedness and burden in a sample of cancer caregivers and (b) the mediating effect of social connectedness on the relationship between social support and caregiver burden.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected as part of a larger project. The sample included 125 caregiver-cancer care recipient dyads. Caregivers completed the Social Connectedness Scale-Revised, the Medical Outcomes Study–Social Support Survey and the Zarit Burden Interview. Descriptive statistics, hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analyses were used to examine relationships between variables.

Results

Correlation analyses showed higher perceived social support and social connectedness were significantly correlated with lower-reported caregiver burden (p<0.05). The hierarchical regression model showed that both social support and social connectedness were independent predictors of caregiver burden (p<0.001). Social connectedness partially mediated the relationship between social support and caregiver burden.

Conclusions

This study provides new evidence that social support buffers the negative effects of burden in caregivers, suggesting these are potentially modifiable factors of caregiver burden. Increased understanding of the factors that contribute to burden among cancer caregivers will inform targeted supportive care strategies to improve psychological health and well-being in this underserved group.
Calcaneal tendon stiffness is not associated with dynamic time-dependent contractile output
Authors: Kulkarni Sohum V. , Paris Michael T. , Rice Charles L.
Published: February 2023

The ability to rapidly generate muscular torque and velocity is important in specialized activities and daily tasks of living. Tendon stiffness is one factor in the neuromuscular system that influences musculoskeletal torque transmission. Previous studies have reported weak-to-moderate correlations between tendon stiffness and rate of torque development (RTD). However, these correlations have been reported only for isometric contractions, which may not be relevant to contractions involving joint rotation (i.e., dynamic). The purpose was to investigate the effect of calcaneal tendon stiffness on the dynamic RTD and rate of velocity development (RVD) in plantar flexor muscles. Young adult males ( n = 13) and females ( n = 2) performed prone isometric- and isotonic-mode maximal voluntary plantar flexion contractions (MVC). Ultrasound imaging was used to quantify tendon morphological characteristics to estimate Young's elastic modulus (YM). Maximal voluntary and electrically evoked (300 Hz) isometric- and isotonic-mode (at 10% and 40% MVC loads) contractions were evaluated for RTD and RVD through a 25° ankle joint range of motion. YM was correlated with isometric RTD, but only for evoked contractions (RTD0–50 ms: r = 0.54, p = 0.02, RTD0–200 ms: r = 0.62, p = 0.01). Conversely, YM was not correlated with dynamic RTD (voluntary: r = −0.07–0.41, p = 0.06–0.40, evoked: r = −0.2–0.3, p = 0.14–0.24) nor RVD (voluntary: r = −0.08–0.24, p = 0.27–0.40, evoked: r = 0.12–0.3, p = 0.14–0.34). These correlations would indicate that calcaneal tendon stiffness is an important factor for rapid isometric torque development, but less so for isotonic contractions. The determinants of dynamic contractile rates are more complex and warrant further study.
On parity-odd sector in metric-affine theories
Authors: Beltrán Jiménez Jose , Jiménez-Cano Alejandro , Obukhov Yuri N.
Published: February 2023

We undertake the construction of quadratic parity-violating terms involving the curvature in the four-dimensional metric-affine gravity. We demonstrate that there are only 12 linearly independent scalars, plus an additional one that can be removed by using the Pontryagin invariant. Several convenient bases for this sector are provided in both components and differential form notation. We also particularize our general findings to some constrained geometries like Weyl–Cartan and metric-compatible connections.
On differences between even and odd anisotropic-flow harmonics in non-equilibrated systems
Authors: Bachmann Benedikt , Borghini Nicolas , Feld Nina , Roch Hendrik
Published: February 2023

To assess how anisotropic transverse flow is created in a system out of equilibrium, we compare several kinetic-theoretical models in the few-rescatterings regime. We compare the flow harmonics $$v_n$$

v
n

from three types of transport simulations, with either $$2\rightarrow 2$$

2
→
2

or $$2\rightarrow 0$$

2
→
0

collision kernels and in the former case allowing the particles to rescatter several times or not, and from analytical calculations neglecting the gain term of the Boltzmann equation. We find that the even flow harmonics are similar in all approaches, while the odd ones differ significantly. This suggests that while even $$v_n$$

v
n

harmonics may to a large extent be due to the anisotropic escape probability of particles, this is not the predominant mechanism underlying the odd $$v_n$$

v
n

coefficients.
Socially disruptive periods and topics from information-theoretical analysis of judicial decisions
Authors: Font-Pomarol Lluc , Piga Angelo , Garcia-Teruel Rosa Maria , Nasarre-Aznar Sergio , Sales-Pardo Marta , Guimerà Roger
Published: February 2023

Laws and legal decision-making regulate how societies function. Therefore, they evolve and adapt to new social paradigms and reflect changes in culture and social norms, and are a good proxy for the evolution of socially sensitive issues. Here, we use an information-theoretic methodology to quantitatively track trends and shifts in the evolution of large corpora of judicial decisions, and thus to detect periods in which disruptive topics arise. When applied to a large database containing the full text of over 100,000 judicial decisions from Spanish courts, we are able to identify an abrupt change in housing-related decisions around 2016. Because our information-theoretic approach pinpoints the specific content that drives change, we are also able to interpret the results in terms of the role played by legislative changes, landmark decisions, and the influence of social movements.
Hybrid nanofluid flow in a deformable and permeable channel
Authors: Sharma Tanya , Kumar Rakesh , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle , Sheikholeslami Mohsen
Published: February 2023

In this paper, hybrid nanofluid flow with mediated compressions and dilations subject to the temperature-dependent viscosity/ thermal conductivity and inclined magnetic field is considered. In medical science, the flow mediated dilation of the artery exists when the blood flow is enhanced in the artery. The compressed/ dilated type flow can be utilized in food processing, hot plate welding, rheological testing, cardiovascular drugs, measurement of brachial artery dilation, blood vessel damage caused by cigarette smoke. The volume of the dilated flow is maintained by injecting the same fluid into the flow field through the exponentially permeable and stretchable walls of the channel. This phenomenon is modeled mathematically and solved by Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method utilizing quasi-linearization approach. It is interestingly analyzed that squeezing/ dilating forces generate two points of inflection in the flow field where the magnitude of permeable fluid velocity is enhanced by 17.21% in the mid portion of the channel by the increase of dilating forces, however it is reduced by 20.35% due to the strengthening of the compressing forces of the channel. The reported flow mediated dilation/ contraction of the study can be used in targeted drug delivery (especially cardiovascular drugs), assessment of endothelial function, measurement of brachial artery dilation and blood vessel damage. The angled magnetic field can be utilized to successfully control the environmental skin-friction and heat transfer.
Cancelable Multibiometrics Template Security Using Deep Binarization and Secure Hashing
Authors: Singh Ashutosh , Singh Yogendra Narain
Published: February 2023

Template security and privacy is of utmost significance while designing a biometric system. Several biometric template protection systems have been presented in the past, but none of them have succeeded in striking a compromise between matching performance and security. This paper proposes a hybrid template protection technique for a multibiometric system based on deep binarization and secure hashing. The technique is employed at different stages of multibiometric fusion. In particular, the proposed technique of multibiometric fusion for template protection is tested using face and electrocardiogram (ECG) biometrics. The pre-trained deep CNN model utilizes transfer learning to analyze both the biometrics and prepare multimodal templates at different stages of biometric fusion e.g. sensors, features, and matchers. The templates obtained from different states of fusion are mapped to their corresponding classes, which are represented as binary codes that are unique and randomly generated. The binary codes are further encrypted for noninvertibility using a cryptographic hash, and thus the information of fused templates is hidden. Finally, hash codes are used to perform matching. The evaluation of the proposed technique using database for face (Multi-PIE) and ECG (PTB) biometrics reports high accuracy satisfying the requirements of unlinkability, cancelability, and irreversibility for template protection.
FERNET: An Integrated Hybrid DCNN Model for Driver Stress Monitoring via Facial Expressions
Authors: Gupta Chinmay , Kumar Mohit , Yadav Arun Kumar , Yadav Divakar
Published: February 2023

Drivers undergo a lot of stress that might cause distraction and might lead to an unfortunate incident. Emotional recognition via facial expressions is one of the most important field in the human–machine interface. The goal of this paper is to analyze the drivers’ facial expressions in order to monitor their stress levels. In this paper, we propose FERNET — a hybrid deep convolutional neural network model for driver stress recognition through facial emotion recognition. FERNET is an integration of two DCNNs, pre-trained ResNet101V2 CNN and a custom CNN, ConvNet4. The experiments were carried out on the widely used public datasets CK[Formula: see text], FER2013 and AffectNet, achieving the accuracies of 99.70%, 74.86% and 70.46%, respectively, for facial emotion recognition. These results outperform the recent state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, since a few specific isolated emotions lead to higher stress levels, we analyze the results for stress- and nonstress-related emotions for each individual dataset. FERNET achieves stress prediction accuracies of 98.17%, 90.16% and 84.49% for CK[Formula: see text], FER2013 and AffectNet datasets, respectively.
Analysis of a fully-discrete, non-conforming approximation of evolution equations and applications
Authors: Kaltenbach A. , Růžička M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we consider a fully-discrete approximation of an abstract evolution equation deploying a non-conforming spatial approximation and finite differences in time (Rothe–Galerkin method). The main result is the convergence of the discrete solutions to a weak solution of the continuous problem. Therefore, the result can be interpreted either as a justification of the numerical method or as an alternative way of constructing weak solutions. We formulate the problem in the very general and abstract setting of so-called non-conforming Bochner pseudo-monotone operators, which allows for a unified treatment of several evolution problems. Our abstract results for non-conforming Bochner pseudo-monotone operators allow to establish (weak) convergence just by verifying a few natural assumptions on the operators time-by-time and on the discretization spaces. Hence, applications and extensions to several other evolution problems can be performed easily. We exemplify the applicability of our approach on several DG schemes for the unsteady [Formula: see text]-Navier–Stokes problem. The results of some numerical experiments are reported in the final section.
Quandle coloring quivers of (p,3)-torus links
Authors: Zhou Boxin , Liu Ximin
Published: February 2023

Recently, Cho and Nelson introduced a quiver structure, quandle coloring quiver, which is new enhancement of the quandle counting invariant. A few years later, Basi and Caprau studied the quandle coloring quivers of (p,2)-torus links. In this paper, we studied the quandle coloring quivers of (p,3)-torus links using dihedral quandles.
The alteration of the Schwinger effect on radiatively corrected Higgs inflationary magneto-genesis by axial coupling
Authors: Kamarpour Mehran
Published: February 2023

We study the alteration of the Schwinger effect on radiatively corrected Higgs inflationary magneto-genesis by axial coupling function. The conformal invariance of Maxwell action should be broken by axial coupling with the inflaton field. We use the potential of [M. Kamarpour, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 53 (2021) 53, doi:10.1007/s10714-021-02824-0; M. Kamarpour, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 54 (2022) 32, doi:10.1007/s10714-022-02920-9] with the simplest coupling function [Formula: see text] in which [Formula: see text] is a dimensionless coupling parameter.

In comparison to our previous work (in which we used curvature-based coupling or so-called nonminimal coupling function to gravity to break conformal invariance of action) of [M. Kamarpour, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 54 (2022) 32, doi:10.1007/s10714-022-02920-9] we find that the Schwinger effect does alter magneto-genesis and is considerable. In fact, in comparison to our previous work of [M. Kamarpour, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 54 (2022) 32, doi:10.1007/s10714-022-02920-9] we obtain that for some certain values of coupling parameter [Formula: see text] the Schwinger effect does alter magneto-genesis (see [M. Kamarpour, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 53 (2021) 53, doi:10.1007/s10714-021-02824-0]) and the energy density of created charged particles during the Schwinger effect becomes considerable and of course comparable to the energy density of inflaton field. Therefore, the Schwinger effect decreases the value of the electric field, so that it helps to finish the inflation stage. Then the universe enters the stage of preheating.

The Schwinger effect produces charged particles, imposing the Schwinger reheating framework even before the ending of last oscillations of the inflaton field.
CONSTRUCTION OF FRACTAL SOLITON SOLUTIONS FOR THE FRACTIONAL EVOLUTION EQUATIONS WITH CONFORMABLE DERIVATIVE
Authors: WANG KANGLE
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the fractional evolutions are described by using the conformable derivative for the first time. We implement fractional functional variable method (FFVM) to obtain some new kinds of fractal soliton wave solutions for these fractional evolution equations. The simplicity and effectiveness of this proposed method are tested on the fractional Drinfeld–Sokolov system and fractional cubic Klein–Gordon equation. The FFVM provides a new perspective to construct exact fractal soliton wave solutions of complex fractional nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.
A Comparative Analysis of Hedging Determination for Three Alternative International Equity Index Futures
Authors: Lin Fu-Lai
Published: February 2023

This study provides a comparative analysis of hedging determination for three alternative international equity index futures, namely FTSE 100, NIKKEI 225 and S&P 500 futures contracts. Both the conventional regression and the error correction modeling approaches are used to estimate the minimum-variance hedge ratios and to evaluate the hedging effectiveness. Comparisons of out-of-sample hedging performance reveal that the error correction model outperforms the conventional model, suggesting that the error correction model serves as a better hedging model than conventional model in a hedge using stock index. In addition, the effects of temporal aggregation on hedge ratio estimates and hedging effectiveness are evaluated. It is found that temporal aggregation plays an important role on sizing hedging positions and measuring hedge effectiveness.
Studying the Optical and Structural Properties and Anticancer Activity of New PVA–Fe2O3:Cu Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Jarad Amer N. , Talib Rawnaq A. , Kareem Ahmed Shayaa , Mohammed Jalal Hasan , Khmees Entidar Jasim , Salem Karrar Hazim , Zabibah Rahman S. , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Saxena Kuldeep K.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structure, morphology and optical properties of a newly developed hybrid structure that was generated from a Fe2O3–Cu–PVA composite matrix. Several methods, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as absorption and transmission spectra, were used to investigate the samples. The addition of copper was found to have no influence on the crystalline arrangement of PVA–Fe2O3, according to the findings of crystallography. In the wavelength region from 450[Formula: see text]nm to 550 nm, the produced composites exhibit significant absorption. It is essential that the region of shorter wavelengths experiences a steady shift toward the region of maximum absorption in these composites when copper is included. The transmittance of PVA–Fe2O3 is over 80% in the region of 600–800[Formula: see text]nm, making it an extremely transparent material. Following the addition of 5% by weight of copper to the nanocomposite, the transmittance of the material dropped to 50% within the same range of wavelengths. The synthesized materials were put to use as anti-cancer cells, and they demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in the process of killing tumor cells, particularly the PVA–Fe2O3–Cu combination.
Spatial search algorithms on graphs with multiple targets using discrete-time quantum walk
Authors: Xue Xi-Ling , Sun Zhi-Hong , Ruan Yue , Li Xue
Published: February 2023

Search algorithms based on discrete-time quantum walk (QW) can be considered as alterations of the standard QW: Use a different coin operator that distinguishes target and nontarget vertices, or, mark the target vertices first followed by the standard QW. Two most frequently used marking coins are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the negative identity operator and the negative Grover diffusion operator. We show that search algorithms corresponding to these four combinations can be reduced to two, denoted as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and they are equivalent when searching for nonadjacent multiple targets. For adjacent target vertices, numerical simulations show that the performance of the algorithm [Formula: see text] highly depends on the density of the underlying graph, and it outperforms [Formula: see text] when the density is large enough. At last, a generalized stationary state of both search algorithms on the graphs with even-numbered degree is provided.
Investigation of antibacterial photodynamic inactivation in urea-doped TiO2 sensitized with porphyrin photocatalysis
Authors: Nosrati Parisa , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Hosseini-Kharat Mahboubeh
Published: February 2023

Choosing the right photosensitizers (PSs) as well as the right light source is very critical in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Some light sources, such as ultraviolet, have high cytotoxicity and poor penetration and some PSs are hydrophobic with low solubility in water, and easy aggregation. To address these issues, we modified TiO2 nanoparticles with urea and TCPP (TCPP=tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) as a PS and prepared N-doped-TiO2 (NT), TCPP/TiO2 (PT), and TCPP/N-doped-TiO2 (PNT). Urea is a safe compound used here as a source of nitrogen (N). Nitrogen doping produces a localized N state within the TiO2 bandgap which broadens the absorption in the visible light region. Both urea and TCPP shifted the bandgap of TiO2 to the visible area and enabled the photodegradation of methylene blue after 30 min of aging under visible light. 1O2 production was monitored by the rapid and irreversible conversion of anthracene to its corresponding endoperoxide. Meanwhile, different scavengers such as p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) and tert-butanol (t-BuOH) were employed in a photocatalytic process to specify the existence of superoxide and hydroxyl radical species, respectively. PNT showed a promising photobactericidal activity and reached 100% of inhibition activity against both types of bacteria after 120 and 180 min, respectively under LED lamp (15 W) irradiation. The interaction between PNT and bacteria was also examined by FESEM.
An approach to elliptic equations with nonlinear gradient terms via a modulation framework
Authors: Ferreira Lucas C. F. , Lagoin Wender S.
Published: February 2023

We consider a class of nonhomogeneous elliptic equations with fractional Laplacian and nonlinear gradient terms, namely [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is the nonlinearity, [Formula: see text] the potential and [Formula: see text] is a forcing term. Some examples of nonlinearities dealt with are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], covering large values of [Formula: see text], and particularly variational supercritical powers for [Formula: see text] and super-[Formula: see text] ones for [Formula: see text] (superquadratic if [Formula: see text]). Moreover, we are able to consider some exponential growths, [Formula: see text] belonging to certain classes of power series, or [Formula: see text] satisfying some conditions in the Lipschitz spirit. We obtain results on existence, uniqueness, symmetry, and other qualitative properties in a new framework, namely modulation-type spaces based on Lorentz spaces. For that, we need to develop properties and estimates in those spaces such as complex interpolation, Hölder-type inequality, estimates for product, convolution and Riesz potential operators, among others. In order to handle the nonlinearity, other ingredients are estimates for composition operators in our setting.
LCCD-SLAM: A Low-Bandwidth Centralized Collaborative Direct Monocular SLAM for Multi-Robot Collaborative Mapping
Authors: Liu Quan-Pan , Wang Zheng-Jie , Tan Yun-Fei
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present a low-bandwidth centralized collaborative direct monocular SLAM (LCCD-SLAM) for multi-robot systems collaborative mapping. Each agent runs the direct method-based visual odometry (VO) independently, giving the algorithm the advantages of semi-dense point cloud reconstruction and robustness in the featureless regions. The agent sends the server mature keyframes marginalized from the sliding window, which greatly reduces the bandwidth requirement. In the server, we adopt the point selection strategy of LDSO, use the Bag of Words (BoW) model to detect the loop closure candidate frames, and effectively reduce the accumulative drift of global rotation, translation and scale through pose graph optimization. Map matching is responsible for detecting trajectory overlap between agents and merging the two overlapping submaps into a new map. The proposed approach is evaluated on publicly available datasets and real-world experiments, which demonstrates its ability to perform collaborative point cloud mapping in a multi-agent system.
Cost Optimization for Cloud Storage from User Perspectives: Recent Advances, Taxonomy, and Survey
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Pan Li , Liu Shijun
Published: February 2023

With the development and maturity of cloud storage, it has attracted a large number of users. Although cloud users do not need to concern themselves with the infrastructure used for storage, thus saving on equipment and maintenance costs, the sheer volume of data still generates significant cloud storage usage costs, which motivates cloud storage users to look for ways to further save costs. In this article, we analyze the whole process of using cloud storage to exhaustively explore opportunities, motivations, and challenges of cost optimization from user perspectives. Then we provide a comprehensive taxonomy and summary of recent advances in terms of storage efficiency (i.e., cost optimization by improving storage efficiency), cloud storage services (i.e., cost optimization by leveraging the features of cloud storage services), and emerging storage paradigms (i.e., cost optimization by leveraging emerging storage paradigms like edge storage). Finally, we present future directions for cost optimization from user perspectives and present our conclusion. This article offers a thorough survey of recent advances focusing on how to optimize the cost of using cloud storage for cloud users, and it has an opportunity to attract a broad audience in the cost-effective cloud storage market.
Impact of Platinum Loading and Layer Thickness on Cathode Catalyst Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Schneider Patrick , Batool Mariah , Godoy Andres O. , Singh Rajveer , Gerteisen Dietmar , Jankovic Jasna , Zamel Nada
Published: February 2023

In this work we investigate the effect of platinum loading and layer thickness on cathode catalyst degradation by a comprehensive in situ and STEM-EDS characterization. To decouple the effect of the platinum loading and layer thickness from each other, the experiments were categorized in two sets, each with cathode loadings varying between 0.1 and 0.4 mgPt cm−2: (i) Samples with a constant Pt/C ratio and thus varying layer thickness, and (ii) samples with varying Pt/C ratios, achieved by dilution with bare carbon, to maintain a constant layer thickness at different platinum loadings. Every MEA was subjected to an accelerated stress test, where the cell was operated for 45,000 cycles between 0.6 and 0.95 V. Regardless of the Pt/C ratio, a higher relative loss in electrochemically active surface area was measured for lower Pt loadings. STEM-EDS measurements showed that Pt was mainly lost close to the cathode—membrane interface by the concentration driven Pt2+ ion flux into the membrane. The size of this Pt-depletion zone has shown to be independent on the overall Pt loading and layer thickness, hence causing higher relative Pt loss in low thickness electrodes, as the depletion zone accounts for a larger fraction of the catalyst layer.
Determining the Limits of Fast Charging of a High-Energy Lithium-Ion NMC/Graphite Pouch Cell Through Combined Modeling and Experiments
Authors: Carelli Serena , Lee Yan Ying , Weber André , Bessler Wolfgang G.
Published: February 2023

This article presents the development, parameterization, and experimental validation of a pseudo-three-dimensional (P3D) multiphysics aging model of a 500 mAh high-energy lithium-ion pouch cell with graphite negative electrode and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) positive electrode. This model includes electrochemical reactions for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation at the graphite negative electrode, lithium plating, and SEI formation on plated lithium. The thermodynamics of the aging reactions are modeled depending on temperature and ion concentration and the reactions kinetics are described with an Arrhenius-type rate law. Good agreement of model predictions with galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is observed over a wide range of operating conditions. The model allows to quantify capacity loss due to cycling near beginning-of-life as function of operating conditions and the visualization of aging colormaps as function of both temperature and C-rate (0.05 to 2 C charge and discharge, −20 °C to 60 °C). The model predictions are also qualitatively verified through voltage relaxation, cell expansion and cell cycling measurements. Based on this full model, six different aging indicators for determination of the limits of fast charging are derived from post-processing simulations of a reduced, pseudo-two-dimensional isothermal model without aging mechanisms. The most successful aging indicator, compared to results from the full model, is based on combined lithium plating and SEI kinetics calculated from battery states available in the reduced model. This methodology is applicable to standard pseudo-two-dimensional models available today both commercially and as open source.
High-salt diet augments systolic blood pressure and induces arterial dysfunction in outbred, genetically diverse mice
Authors: Zheng Xiangyu , Berg Sen Jennifer , Li Zhuoxin , Sabouri Mostafa , Samarah Luaye , Deacon Christina S. , Bernardo Joseph , Machin Daniel R.
Published: February 2023

Excess salt consumption is a contributor to hypertension and arterial dysfunction in humans living in industrialized societies, but this phenotype is not observed in inbred, genetically identical mice that consume a high-salt (HS) diet. This study reveals that a HS diet in outbred, genetically diverse mice progressively increases systolic blood pressure and induce arterial dysfunction. These data suggest that genetically diverse mice may provide translational insight into arterial adaptations in humans that consume an HS diet.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells through Ammonium Hydroxide-Modified (Nitrogen-Doped) Titania Photoanodes
Authors: Rajaramanan Tharmakularasa , Heidari Gourji Fatemeh , Velauthapillai Dhayalan , Ravirajan Punniamoorthy , Senthilnanthanan Meena
Published: February 2023

Doping is a unique strategy to modulate the optical and electronic properties of semiconducting materials. This study reports a facile approach to fabricate nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-doped TiO2) photoanode for DSSC application. A solid-state reaction was employed to synthesize a series of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with different volumetric ratios of nitrogen dopant and the TiO2 host. The NH4OH as a nitrogen dopant was combined with P25-TiO2 via grinding followed by calcination at 500°C. The synthesized nanoparticles were extensively characterized by XRD, XPS, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques. XRD results suggested that the incorporation of nitrogen had not altered the structure of the TiO2 lattice, and the presence of nitrogen was confirmed through the XPS and EDX spectroscopies. SEM and TEM images, obtained before and after N doping, showed that N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with low amounts of NH4OH (10 and 20 μL) had retained their spherical shapes and sizes while use of higher amounts of the N dopant (30 and 40 μL) had led to agglomeration of nanoparticles. BET and BJH analyses revealed that the optimized N-doped TiO2 with 20 μL of NH4OH (20N-TiO2) possesses the highest average pore diameter of 15.99 nm. Furthermore, the UV-visible spectroscopic analysis confirmed a red shift in the optical absorption edge on N doping and the corresponding bandgap reduced from 3.15 to 2.94 eV with increase in the amount of NH4OH from 0 to 40 μL. Eventually, DSSCs were fabricated using the prepared pure TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 photoanodes, N719 dye,I−/I3−electrolyte, and Pt counter electrode, followed by investigating their performance under simulated irradiation with 100 mW/cm2 intensity with AM 1.5 filter. The photoanode doped with 20 μL of NH4OH (20N-TiO2) exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 6.16%, which was 20% higher than that of the control device, with improvedJSC. This enhancement inJSCcould be predominantly attributed to higher dye uptake along with marginal contribution by reduced rate of recombination. Among the reported studies on DSSCs with N-doped P25-TiO2 photoanodes, our method gives the best efficiencies for the DSSCs.
Prospects of Sulfide-Based Solid-State Electrolytes Modified by Organic Thin Films
Authors: Liu Liyu , Chen Kai , Zhang Liguo , Ryu Bong-Ki
Published: February 2023

Lithium-ion batteries are key to tackling today’s energy crisis. In recent years, compared with the research on other components of lithium-ion batteries, the research on solid-state electrolytes is particularly hot. Among various solid-state electrolyte modification measures, we found that the material design of organic/inorganic composite flexible solid-state electrolytes can achieve the best all-solid-state battery cycling performance. Based on the study of sulfide-based organic/inorganic composite solid-state electrolytes, this article firstly introduces the classification of inorganic solid electrolytes and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of materials. At the same time, the research progress of various oxide solid electrolyte materials and sulfide solid electrolyte materials in recent years is introduced as well as the advantages of organic/inorganic composite solid-state electrolyte materials. Then the influencing factors that affect the performance of solid-state electrolytes, such as material lattice, lattice defects, electrolyte interface problems, and electrolyte microcracks, are introduced. Finally, the superiority of the industrial electrochemical performance of the organic/inorganic composite solid electrolyte material and its future prospects are introduced.
Electroacupuncture Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain and Downregulates p‐PKC and TRPV1 in Dorsal Root Ganglions and Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn
Authors: Ma Yi-qi , Hu Qun-qi , Kang Yu rong , Ma Li-qian , Qu Si-ying , Wang Han-zhi , Zheng Yin-mu , Li Si-yi , Shao Xiao-mei , Li Xiao-yu , Hu Han-tong , Jiang Yong-liang , Fang Jian-qiao , He Xiao-fen
Published: February 2023

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced changes of protein in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) are critical for DNP genesis. However, which proteins change remains elusive. Here, the DNP model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ, accompanied by increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), decreased body weight (BW), and decreased paw withdrawal latency (PWL). Proteins change in L4‐L6 DRGs and SCDH of rats were detected. Western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase C (p‐PKC), transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1), Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in the DRG and the SCDH of rats were increased after STZ injection. A preliminary study from our previous study showed that 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) effectively alleviates DNP. However, the analgesic mechanism of EA needs further elucidation. Here, EA at the bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and KunLun (BL60) acupoints was applied for one week, and to investigate the effect on DNP. EA reversed thermal hyperalgesia in DNP rats and downregulated the expression of p‐PKC, TRPV1, SP, and CGRP in DRG and SCDH.
Record High Efficiency Achievement under LED Light in Low Bandgap Donor-Based Organic Solar Cell through Optimal Design
Authors: Lee Yongju , Biswas Swarup , Choi Hyojeong , Kim Hyeok
Published: February 2023

Recently, a low bandgap donor named poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b

′

]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)]- (PTB7-Th-) based organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has exhibited interesting behavior when tested under indoor light. Theoretically, a PTB7-Th : [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) active layer-based OPV can show >23% power conversion efficiency (PCE) under light-emitting diode (LED) light. However, to date, the experimentally achieved PCE (~11.63%) is significantly lower than the theoretical one. Therefore, we design an indoor OPV having PTB7-Th : PC70BM active layer and low-acidic and cheaper polypyrrole : polystyrene sulfonate (PPY : PSS) as the hole transport layer (HTL), by optimizing active layer thickness and processing conditions (spin coating speed and doping concentration) of the HTL via optical simulations and experiments. The results show that the device having 100 nm thick active layer and a PPY : PSS-based HTL (PPY : PSS; weight ratio between PPY and PSS 1 : 2) coated at 5000 rpm can exhibit a record high PCE value (16.35%) during its operation under 1000 lx LED lamp. In comparison, a commercially available PEDOT : PSS-based OPV can achieve maximum 14.21% PCE under the same conditions.
Structural Analysis and Antimicrobial Mechanism of a Protein GBSPI-A from Ginkgo Biloba Seed
Authors: Xu Ting , Wu Haixia , Wu Caie , Fan Gongjian , Li Tingting , Shen Dongbei , Pan Yue
Published: February 2023

Ginkgo biloba seed has antimicrobial activity. In this study, ginkgo biloba seed protein was prepared, identified, and named GBSPI-A, finding its construction was similar to 11-S globulin. Then, the influence of GBSPI-A on the cell membrane and physiological metabolism of K. pneumoniae and S. aureus were investigated. The results showed that GBSPI-A (20 mg/mL) destroyed the cell membrane, causing leakage of intracellular material and inhibited bacterial growth with an inhibition rate of approximately 80%. In addition, the GBSPI-A (10 mg/mL) caused the decreasing activity of ATPase and respiratory rate, and the respiratory depression rate was 7.24%. Furthermore, the decreasing ATP synthesis and intracellular β-galactosidase activity led to an insufficient supply of physiological metabolic energy. Therefore, the results showed that GBSPI-A could be used as a natural bacteriostatic agent to replace related drugs and also provide a new insight into the application of GBSPI-A in food safety.
Sensorless Coestimation of Temperature and State-of-Charge for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Coupled Electrothermal Model
Authors: Bai Wenyuan , Zhang Xinhui , Gao Zhen , Xie Shuyu , Peng Ke , Chen Yu
Published: February 2023

Accurate estimations of the temperature and the state-of-charge (SOC) are of extreme importance for the safety of lithium-ion battery operation. Traditional battery temperature and SOC estimation methods often omit the relation between battery temperature and SOC, which may lead to significant errors in the estimations. This study presents a coupled electrothermal battery model and a coestimation method for simultaneously estimating the temperature and SOC of lithium-ion batteries. The coestimation method is performed by a coupled model-based dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF). The coupled estimators utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, rather than utilizing direct battery surface measurements, are adopted to estimate the battery temperature and SOC, respectively. The information being exchanged between the temperature estimator and the SOC estimator effectively improves the estimation accuracy. Extensive experiments show that, in contrast with the EKF-based separate estimation method, the DEKF-based coestimation method is more favorable in reducing errors for estimating both the temperature and SOC even if the battery core temperature has increased by 17°C or more during the process of test.
Recovery Process for Critical Metals: Selective Adsorption of Nickel(II) from Cobalt(II) at Acidic Condition and Elevated Temperature
Authors: Kriese Friederike , Lassen Stephan , Niemeyer Bernd
Published: February 2023

Effective and sustainable separation processes for critical metals, especially for the physicochemically similar elements nickel and cobalt in battery recycling, are of great interest in the future. Selective adsorption represents a highly potential process for this purpose. In this publication, a silica adsorbent functionalized with an amino-polycarboxylate derivate (HSU331) was investigated regarding the selective adsorption of Ni(II) in the presence of Co(II) in acidic solution (pH range at equilibrium 1.8–2.3) at elevated temperature. Comparable maximum equilibrium loadings ([Formula: see text]) for Ni(II) and Co(II) of 0.59  μmol(Ni(II)) ·  μmol(Ligand)-1 (18.3 mg(Ni(II)) · g(Adsorbent)-1), and 0.52  μmol(Co(II)) ·  μmol(Ligand)-1 (16.0 mg(Co(II)) · g(Adsorbent)-1), respectively, were achieved at T = 50°C in single-component experiments. Under competitive conditions, the Ni(II) loading remained constant at 0.60  μmol(Ni(II)) ·  μmol(Ligand)-1 (18.4 mg(Ni(II)) · g(Adsorbent)-1), while the Co(II) loading drastically decreased to 0.09  μmol(Co(II)) ·  μmol(Ligand)-1 (2.7 mg(Co(II)) · g(Adsorbent)-1) in an equimolar dual-component system. Calculated stability constants of 3 · 103 and 0.7 · 103 L · mol-1, respectively, for the formed metal ion complexes of Ni(II) and Co(II) onto the adsorbent HSU331, clarify the clear selectivity of the adsorbent towards Ni(II) in the presence of Co(II) even at elevated temperature ( T = 50°C).
Mitochondrial Genome of “Spotted Numbfish” Narcine timlei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and Phylogenetic Relationships among Order Torpediniformes
Authors: Kumar Amit , Prakash Sanjeevi
Published: February 2023

In this study, we report, for the first time, mitochondrial genome of Narcine timlei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and its phylogenetic relationships within the order Torpediniformes. Narcine timlei is a medium-sized ray that occurs in nearshore waters of the Indo-Pacific and is classified as “‘vulnerable” category on the IUCN Red List. The mitogenome is assembled from short Illumina reads (150 bp paired end reads). It is 17,964 bp long and includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The gene order, size, and nucleotide composition are largely consistent with mitogenomic characteristics of previously reported other Narcine spp. The slightly larger mitogenome length of N. timlei than other Narcine spp. may be due to the presence of a putative control region of 1,916 bp with three tandem repeats. Phylogenetic reconstruction using concatenated PCGs (n = 13) of 9 Torpediniformes based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis revealed identical topologies. The tree showed two main clades: one clade containing members of the family Narcinidae and the second sister clade consisting of the families Narkidae and Torpedinidae. Our result supports the monophyletic nature of Narcinidae based on mtDNA. The information obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of the population genetics, phylogenetic analysis, conservation, and evolutionary biology research of N. timlei.
Analysis of Human Thermal Comfort in Bus Based on Thermoelectric Cooling Climate-Controlled Seats
Authors: Su Chu-qi , Liang Xi-xian , Wang Yi-ping , Yang Ya-feng , Su Jian-jun , Liu Xun
Published: February 2023

In order to improve the thermal comfort of passengers, the thermoelectric cooling climate-controlled seats were set in the passenger cabin. In this study, thermoelectric cooler units’ cooling performance is studied by experiment method. The heat and flow field of the bus cabin are analyzed in four different cases (air conditioner open/closed, thermoelectric cooler open/closed) using computational fluid dynamics method. Moreover, an experiment has been conducted to verify the accuracy of the simulation method. The results show as below: the ideal working current of the thermoelectric cooler is in range of 3-4 A and the coefficient of performance value range 0.5-0.7. The climate-controlled seats can enhance the local airflow perturbation, which can increase the passengers’ overall thermal comfort by 18.96%. The thermal comfort of passengers closer to air conditioner inlet is better than passengers in other areas, and the area with the best thermal comfort for passengers are the front and rear seats of the bus cabin. As expected, the thermoelectric cooling climate-controlled seat can improve the thermal comfort of passengers, and has a broad application prospect.
Research on Energy Management Strategy of Range Extender Electric Vehicle considering Temperature Effect under Different Heat Demands
Authors: Hu Jianjun , Wu Zijia , Li Changchun
Published: February 2023

In order to further improve the energy utilization of the range extender electric vehicle (REEV), the energy management strategy of the REEV under different heat demands and operating temperatures is studied. Firstly, for reducing the extra fuel consumption caused by engine operating temperature, the influence of engine lubricating oil temperature on the equivalence factor is analyzed, and a novel method is proposed, which can determine the equivalence factor by three parameters, including engine temperature, operating condition type, and battery state of charge (SOC). Secondly, to reduce the influence of frequent engine start/stop on fuel consumption, a method to establish the penalty factor based on battery SOC is proposed. Finally, the engine temperature rise law under low-temperature environment and the compressor drive mode determination method under high-temperature environment are studied according to the heat demand under different ambient temperatures. An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) considering the effect of temperature under different heat demands is proposed on the basis of the above research. The simulation under the worldwide harmonized light vehicle test cycle (WLTC) drive cycle reveals that by using the adaptive ECMS, the vehicle operating cost is reduced by 5.69% in normal temperature environment, 0.53%-2.39% in a low-temperature environment, and 0.2%-2.01% in a high-temperature environment.