bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Premixed nitrous oxide/oxygen as an analgesic for dressing in patients with perianal abscess after surgery: study protocol for a randomized, within-patient, controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jun-Jun , Gao Hai-Xiang , Zhang Ting-Ting , Bao Wen-Qiang , Mou Jian-Ying , Meng Kai , Dai Ya-Liang , Gao Lu-Lu , Liu Qaing , Li Zhi-Jing , Ge Zhi-Ming , Yang Yun , Yu Jian-Qiang , Li Yu-Xiang
Published: August 2019

Background:Perianal abscess is mainly treated by surgery in the clinic. However, the pain induced by dressing is the most prominent problem in postoperative patients and available analgesics is limited. The short- acting analgesia, premixed nitrous oxide/ oxygen, may be an ideal analgesic for acute pain induced by dressing change after perianal abscess surgery. This study aims to evaluate the safety and analgesic efficacy of premixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for patients with dressing change after surgery around the anus. Methods/design:This protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial will be implemented in the Anorectal Department, Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Ningxia Medical University. Study subjects are hospitalized patients underwent perianal abscess surgery and suffered from moderate to severe pain due to dressing. Two hundred subjects will be selected and randomly assigned to other intervention or control group. The intervention group will get regular pain treatment plus premixed nitrous oxide/oxygen and the control group will be treated with regular pain treatment plus oxygen. The patients, medical staffs or investigators are blinded to the nature of the gas mixture in each cylinder and the randomization list. Data will be collected at baseline (T0, 2 min before dressing) and at 5 min (T1) after the beginning of intervention and at 5 min (T2) past dressing. The primary outcome will be the change in pain score at T1 and T2. Secondary outcomes cover physiological parameters, adverse events, patients and medical staffs’ satisfaction as well as patients’ acceptance. Discussion:The findings of this trial will provide a valuable therapeutic regimen for pain caused by dressing after perianal abscess surgery and identify the efficacy and safety of the gas.
A Review of Assumed and Reported Intracluster Correlations in Cluster Randomized Trials
Authors: Han Xiaoran , Lin Jiaye , Xu Jinjing , Wang Maggie , Zee Benny , Chong Ka Chun
Published: August 2019

Background
Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are widely adopted in health and primary care research. However, the cluster effect needs to be taken into account appropriately in the design and analysis of CRTs. The objectives of this study were (i) to review the reporting of intracluster correlations in CRTs; and (ii) to evaluate whether the assumed intracluster correlation measures in sample size planning are consistent with those obtained in the analysis.

Methods
The Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched to identify CRTs registered between January 1, 2004 and March 27, 2016. The selected CRTs with accessible publications were screened according to eligibility criteria.

Results
Of the 281 CRTs identified, the percentage of studies accounting for cluster effect increased annually. A total of 183 studies accounted for clustering in sample size estimation, among them 43% of CRTs adopted the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) but the exact estimated value of ICC was provided in only 26% of the included studies. In different intervention types, there were no statistically significant differences between the assumed and reported values of ICC (all p-values >0.05).

Conclusion
Although the difference between the values of ICC assumed in sample size planning and that reported in the analysis was not statistically significant, deficiencies in CRTs are still common, such as low rates of considering cluster effect in sample size and reporting intracluster correlation estimates. We also suggest that researchers ought to be familiar with the properties of statistical approaches to improve the analysis of CRTs. Thus, more recommendations and guidelines such as the CONSORT statement for CRTs should be suggested to researchers.
Unilateral Inferior Oblique Anterior Transposition for Markedly Asymmetric Dissociated Vertical Deviation with Unilateral Inferior Oblique Over-action
Authors: Wu Shuang-Qing , Xu Qi-Bin , Sheng Wen-Yan , Zhu Li-Wei
Published: August 2019

Background: To evaluate the results of unilateral inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) for markedly asymmetric dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) combined with inferior oblique over-action (IOOA).Methods：Retrospective chart review of the records of all patients with asymmetric DVD combined with unilateral IOOA in the non-dominant eye who received unilateral IOAT on the non-dominant eye. No other muscles were operated on simultaneously. The amount of DVD and IOOA were measured before and after the operation and statistically analysed.Results: Seventeen patients were included. The mean age at surgery was 23.5 ± 8.4 (range 12–38) years old. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 15.7 ± 7.2 (range 6–32) months. The primary position DVD was 19.6 ± 5.4 (range 14–36) PD preoperatively and decreased significantly to 2.9 ± 2.0 (range 0–8) PD postoperatively (P < 0.01). Preoperatively, there were 2, 7, and 8 patients with +1, +2, and +3 IOOA, respectively, and these were reduced from 2.4 ± 0.7 to 0.3 ± 0.4 postoperatively (P < 0.01). None of the patients were complicated obvious hypotropia, anti-elevation syndrome or IOOA in the contralateral eye.Conclusions: Unilateral IOAT was recommended in patients with asymmetric DVD coexists with unilateral IOOA.
Making Soil Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction Compatible with Standard Soil Texture Determination Methods
Authors: Faé Giovani Stefani , Montes Felipe , Bazilevskaya Ekaterina , Añó Rodrigo Masip , Kemanian Armen R.
Published: August 2019

The standard sieving, pipette, and hydrometer methods for soil particle size analysis (PSA) have three main drawbacks: (i) the procedures are tedious, (ii) the procedures are time consuming, (iii) and the results are protocol dependent. Laser diffraction PSA delivers rapid results using standardized procedures, but so far it has been difficult to reconcile results with those from standard sedimentation methods. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol that would permit direct usage of laser diffraction PSA and render results compatible with current methods. The protocol was developed using 54 standard soil samples from different textural classes. Regression of the laser diffraction PSA against the hydrometer/pipette method yielded R2 values of 0.92/0.9, 0.92/0.94, and 0.99/0.99 and RMSE values of 0.04/0.05, 0.07/0.06 and 0.05/0.03 for clay, silt, and sand, respectively. These statistics are comparable to those obtained by regressing results of the hydrometer against the sieve and pipette methods. A key factor in securing accurate and precise results was limiting the particle size range of the samples by wet sieving the sand fraction. This created representative samples and stable soil dispersed suspensions, allowing accurate estimations of particle size distribution for clay and silt fractions without empirical transformations. Results obtained with the proposed protocol matched those of standard sedimentation analyses for a wide range of soils, encouraging further adoption of laser diffraction for soil PSA.

Core Ideas

Laser diffraction particle size analysis can produce results compatible with standard pipette and hydrometer methods.

A key step is to wet‐sieve the sand fraction after suspending the soil sample in the dispersant solution.

The proposed protocol is faster, uses smaller samples, and provides more detail than standard sedimentation methods.
Numerical Evaluation of Unsaturated‐Zone Flow and Transport Pathways at Rainier Mesa, Nevada
Authors: Kwicklis Edward , Lu Zhiming , Middleton Richard , Miller Terry , Bourret Suzanne , Birdsell Kay
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Permeability contrasts in layered rocks can result in perched water and lateral flow.

Diversion of water above the testing horizon slows the downward transport of radionuclides.

Permeable rocks within saturated rocks of lower permeability can remain unsaturated.

Sixty‐one underground nuclear tests were conducted at Rainier Mesa at the Nevada National Security Site between 1957 and 1992. The mesa includes the highest‐elevation areas at the Nevada National Security Site and experiences some of the highest estimated infiltration rates. Perched water is ubiquitous in many of the tunnels used for testing. The presence of sloping layers with strongly varying degrees of fracturing and overall permeability suggests that some infiltrating water may be diverted laterally along higher‐permeability layers, thereby reducing overall percolation flux and radionuclide transport through the low‐permeability testing horizons but also potentially transporting radionuclides laterally away from the test locations. A high‐resolution, two‐dimensional, cross‐sectional model was created to simulate water and particle movement along potential lateral flow paths and to investigate flow and transport paths within and surrounding the perched water bodies. The model results indicate that particles with starting locations within the low‐permeability perching layers will follow dominantly vertical trajectories through the perching horizons and reach the water table in the underlying carbonate aquifer only after many thousands of years. In contrast, particles starting near ground surface above the testing horizon are mostly diverted laterally before reaching the testing horizon, except where nearby faults through the perching layers are present. Where the rock above the perching horizon is fractured, particles originating near ground surface can move laterally with relatively high transport velocities. Transport calculations for 3H show that transport extent is limited by slow matrix flow, radioactive decay, and matrix diffusion in the fractured units.
Oral Tradition, Epistemic Dependence, and Knowledge in African Cultures
Authors: Ikuenobe Polycarp
Published: August 2019

Istraživanje ispituje prirodu i legitimnost usmene tradicije kao metode stjecanja, pohranjivanja, povrata i prenošenja znanja, vjerovanja, vrijednosti i praksi u tradicionalnoj afričkoj kulturnoj zajednici. Obrazlažem da usmena tradicija, koja uključuje parabole, krilatice, mitove, umjetnost i folklor, također uključuje oslanjanje na starješine kao spremišta znanja i tradicije. Obrazlažem da se ovo oslanjanje može opravdati principima spoznajna povjerenja, spoznajne ovisnosti i spoznajnog komunalizma. Pojam spoznajnog komunalizma, koji uključuje spoznajnu podjelu rada i spoznajnu komparativnu prednost, treba multidisciplinarni holistički pristup znanju u Africi. Komunalna metoda stjecanja znanja upućuje na to kako ljudi prihvaćaju vjerovanja i opravdavaju svoje prihvaćanje vjerovanja kao članovi organičke integrirane zajednice. Osnažuje se potreba za zajedničkom ovisnosti filozofije i drugih disciplina poput povijesti, antropologije, književnosti i znanosti kao izvora i osnove za afričko znanje.
Is the African Feminist Moral Epistemology of Care Fractured?
Authors: Imafidon Elvis
Published: August 2019

U ovom radu ispitujem do koje se mjere konkretno živo iskustvo i razumijevanje svijeta kod afričkih žena ozbiljno uzima u obzir posljednjih desetljeća u dominantno akademskim afričkim feminističkim diskursima, te usmjerava na njih. Argumentiram da je domorodačka (tradicionalna) afričko-¬feministička perspektiva svijeta bila ponajviše
razlomljena suptilnom feministič¬kom epistemološkom pozicijom određenom
Zapadom, kolonijalizmom i teorijskom opresijom. Afrički feministi učeni
su analizirati feminističke probleme na afričkom prostoru (domaćem i u dijaspori) upravo iz zapadnjačke, kolonijalne perspektive kao superiorne
perspektive ženskog iskustva. Preispitujem tu činjenicu usmjeravajući se specifično na afričku domorodačku feminističku moralnu epistemologiju
skrbi. Argumentiram da je suvremeni feministički diskurs razlomljen zapadnim i kolonijalnim pozicijama te da se uglavnom zanemaruje perspektiva tradicionalne afričke žene. Dok se tradicionalna teorija znanja o skrbi afričke žene sastoji od njegovanja moralne dužnosti za brigom i uzdržavanjem ljudskog društva, suvremena afrička feministička pozicija takvu moralnu dužnost smatra opresivnom i diskriminacijskom za žene. S tim u vidu, mijenjam usmjerenost s pozicije afričkog feminizma pod utjecajem Zapada da bih ispitao problem patrijarhalnog oportunizma, problema koji možda još ne dobiva dovoljno pozornosti u traganju za zaštitom dostojanstva i dobrobiti afričke žene. Zaključujem da se ključ¬nim feminističkim problemima na afričkim prostorima, poput rasizma, kolonijalizma, društvene i ekonomske jednakosti i seksualnosti,
treba pristupiti iz perspektive živog iskustva afričke žene, tako da bi
se pojavilo autentično, nerazlomljeno znanje.
White Supremacy in Eurocentric Epistemologies
Authors: Freter Björn
Published: August 2019

Postoji naveliko previđena temeljna mana u eurocentričnoj spoznajnoteorijskoj osnovi. Suprotno nadmoćnom etosu prosvjetiteljstva, ova teorijskospoznajna podloga šokantno, čini se, nije epistemologija ljudskog bića, nego bijelca. Osobno sam, kao zapadnjački istraživač, morao relativizirati svoje spoznajnoteorijsko nasljeđe jer uopće ne uključuje u sebe raznolikost ljudskog bića. Kratko ću istražiti rasističke poglede Voltairea, Humea i Kanta i argumentirat ću da zapadna
filozofija mora iznova analizirati svoju spoznajnoteorijsku tradiciju uzimajući u obzir rasističke poglede njezinih protagonista koji su korumpirali vlastiti filozofski rad. Predlažem kontekstualizaciju filozofske tradicije i desuperiorizaciju da bi se etički i širi filozofski dijalog mogao njegovati među istraživačima na svjetskoj razini.
A Short History of Protagoras’ Philosophy
Authors: Lozar Janko M.
Published: August 2019

Poznato je da je s Nietzscheom i Heideggerom došlo do snažne re-evaluacije povijesti filozofije koja je dovela do inverzije do tada prevladavajuće paradigme progresivnog napretka. U Hegela i Husserla, da navedem samo dvije velike figure moderne filozofije, povijest filozofije
razumljena je kao napredak od skromnih početaka u drevnoj Grčkoj do kulminacije u apsolutnoj subjektivnosti moderne filozofije. Nietzsche i Heidegger, međutim, svaki na svoj način, više su ili manje uvjerljivo izazvali takav pogled, otkrivajući povijest filozofije kao regresiju i pad prije negoli napredak. U njihovu zajedničkom pogledu, veliki, ali slabo razvijen početak filozofije, kako se prepoznaje u Sokrata, Platona
i Aristotela, striktno su razumijevani kao početak opadanja spram doista značajnog početka koji se mogao pronaći kod predsokratičkih filozofa poput Heraklita, Parmenida i Anaksimandra, pa čak i notornog sofista Protagore. Ovaj rad želi osvijetliti to kataklizmičko pomicanje filozofsko-povijesne paradigme dajući posebnu pozornost povijesti interpretiranja Protagorina filozofskog impetusa. Rasprava završava kao otvoren interpretativni horizont, naglašavajući važnost ponovnog ispitivanja dviju suprotstavljenih paradigmi u povijesti filozofije.
Productivity and establishment of DRIS indexes for cultivation of potato cultivar Asterix tubers in a dystrophic Red Latosol
Authors: Queiroz Angélica de Araújo , Cardoso Atalita Francis , Silva Carolina Oliveira da , Camargo Reginaldo de , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Luz José Magno Queiroz
Published: August 2019

The potato culture has the highest relative demand for fertilizers per unit area, around 2.3 to 2.8 t ha-1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of a potato Asterix cultivar subjected to different doses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and to establish the DRIS index according to productivity results. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 5 rates and 4 replicates for each nutrient totalizing 20 plots per experiment. The rates of nutrients were: nitrogen (0, 70, 140, 210 and 240 Kg ha-1); phosphorus (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg ha-1) and potassium (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1). For leaf diagnosis by the DRIS index, 10 complete leaves of the third expanded trifoliate were collected. The DRIS standards calculations were based on populations of high productivity (or reference) and low productivity. Plants whose productivities were greater than 22 t ha-1 represented the groups of reference. It was concluded that productivity was not influenced by the P and K doses studied, with an increase in yield of tubers as a function of the N rates applied, up to the dose of 173 kg ha-1 of N. According to the DRIS index, it is possible to establish the order of limiting nutrients for failure in descending order in areas with high productivity Ca> Mn> P> S> Zn = Cu> K> N> B> Fe> Mg, and the order of limiting nutrients in areas of low productivity Ca> Cu> Mg> P> S> Mn> Zn> K> Fe = B> N. The results showed that productions above 22 t ha-1 need adjustments of the soil fertility managements.
O NEOLIBERALISMO PERIFÉRICO E A CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE 1988 NO CONTEXTO DA ECONOMIA GLOBALISTA
Authors: Rossignoli Marisa , Machado Vinícius Rocha Pinheiro
Published: August 2019

O artigo aborda o neoliberalismo tendo por objetivo compreendê-lo no contexto da economia globalista sob a perspectiva da Constituição Federal de 1988. Parte de uma análise acerca das primeiras teorias econômicas que lançaram base aos modelos de Estado de Bem Estar Social e Estado Neoliberal, neste ponto compreendendo as intersecções entre Direito e Economia com foco na autonomização ou não das ordens jurídica e econômica. Em seguida, analisa as características dos modelos econômicos do Welfare State e do Neoliberalismo. Por fim, estuda o modelo jurídico-econômico da Constituição Federal de 1988, concluindo que embora o texto constitucional tenha ofertado a proposta de um welfare socialdemocrata, na prática se efetivou uma agenda neoliberal, como decorrência de pressões internacionais que tomaram força em tempos globalizados, em meio a processos de consolidação de um welfare conservador e corporativista, que apenas serve para justificar o agigantamento estatal e não para reduzir desigualdades. A metodologia adotada é a revisão bibliográfica e documental com uso do método dedutivo. Os pensamentos de Adam Smith e Keynes conduzem a linha de argumentação do artigo.
GUERRA TOTAL E A ORDEM JURIDICA INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Guerra Sidney Cesar Silva , Almeida Lucas Leiroz
Published: August 2019

Desde os seus primórdios a humanidade sempre conviveu com o conceito de Guerra. A intolerância, o egoísmo, a falta de amor ao próximo conduziram a raça humana para muitas contendas que indubitavelmente acabam por resultar em danos irreversíveis para milhares de pessoas.

Na guerra não se faz outra coisa senão lutar e essa luta é feita com armas. Portanto, houve a necessidade de se estabelecer regramento próprio para a mesma na esfera do direito internacional.

A tentativa de se abolir a guerra do seio da sociedade mundial é extremamente difícil, fazendo com que os Estados adotem medidas para minimizar as atrocidades praticadas quando da eclosão de um conflito bélico, surgindo as normas provenientes do jus in bellum.

Iniciados os atos de hostilidade, o jus in bellum é imediatamente acionado na ordem jurídica internacional, tendo em vista ser o conjunto de normas que deverão ser observadas durante o conflito, incluindo o tratamento aplicado pelos Estados beligerantes, aos enfermos, feridos, prisioneiros, população civil, assim como aos combatentes e não combatentes.

O jus ad bellum (direito à guerra) consiste no direito de fazer a guerra quando esta se apresentar com subsídios para sua legitimação (justa). Hodiernamente o direito à guerra se apresenta na ordem jurídica internacional como um ilícito, salvo duas hipóteses previstas na Carta das Nações Unidas: legítima defesa coletiva ou individual e autorização do uso da força junto ao Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas.

Neste estudo, o principal objetivo será o de apresentar uma abordagem do ordenamento jurídico internacional contemporâneo, a partir do conceito militar, histórico e geopolítico de Guerra Total (Totaler Krieg). O advento deste novo tipo de Guerra no Século XX e as experiências registradas entre 1914 e 1945 fornecem valiosos dados para a compreensão da natureza do Direito Internacional em sua forma moderna.
A VISÃO GARANTISTA ACERCA DAS PROVAS ILÍCITAS NO ÂMBITO CRIMINAL
Authors: Amaral de Figueiredo Brambilla Taciany
Published: August 2019

Este artigo pretende esclarecer como o sistema garantista idealizado por Luigi Ferrajoli entende a questão relativa as provas ilícitas  na seara criminal. A problemática a ser elucidada é entender se esta modalidade de provas no aspecto penal encontra abrigo na teoria do garantismo, a qual é voltada para o Estado democrático de direito. Para que esta análise fosse efetivada, traçou-se um panorama acerca do projeto garantista, posteriormente foi contemplada a temática envolvendo provas ilícitas na qual se verificou, ainda, as finalidades da proibição desta prova. Ao fim se estabeleceu um paralelo envolvendo as duas categorias estudadas para se verificar sua compatibilidade. Ressalta-se que os resultados encontrados são centrados na inconformidade desta modalidade probatória com a filosofia política do sistema garantista, a qual delineia todas as matizes garantistas. Utilizou-se a abordagem dedutiva e indutiva a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, na qual a análise de dados se realizou mediante a análise de conteúdo para a produção de uma pesquisa com finalidade descritiva. Foi escolhida com marco teórico obra Direito e Razão (2002), de Ferrajoli para o exame do estado garantista.

 

Palavras-chave: Sistema garantista; Provas ilícitas; Estado democrático de direito.
DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF GEOGEBRA BASED LEARNING MEDIA REVIEWED FROM LEARNING RESULT AND SELF CONFIDENT
Authors: Priwantoro Soffi Widyanesti , Fahmi Syariful
Published: August 2019

This study aims to develop Geogebra-based learning media in linear programing course for semester V students of Mathematics Education, Ahmad Dahlan University. The effectivenss of this learning media is measured based on student learning outcomes and confidence. The development model used is the borg and Gall development model that includes: (1) standard content analysis, (2) multimedia reference collection, (3) multimedia design, and (4) manufacture of GeoGebra-based learning media in the form of applets. The revision of learning media assessed by the material and learning experts, media experts and tested on the students, both small and large classes, I,e 38 students of mathematics education university Ahmad Dahlan. Learning media generated have good quality (B) according to the assessment of material and learning experts, media experts, and 38 students, with an average score of 209.48 from a maximum score of 260. The effectiveness of instructional media viewed from two aspects: student confidence and results learn. Geogebra-based learning media is effective regarding student self-confidence and student learning outcomes in linear course.
Sintesis Alkohol Dari Limbah Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) sebagai Campuran Bahan Bakar Minyak (Biofuel)
Authors: Fibonacci Anita
Published: August 2019

Peningkatan akan kebutuhan energi terus meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu, namun peningkatan kebutuhan energy yang terjadi menimbulkan dampak semakin menipisnya pasokan ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil yang notabene merupakan sumber daya alam yang tak terbarui, disisi lain banyak limbah buah nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) yang sebenarnya berpotensi untuk diolah sebagai biofuel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan alkohol dari limbah nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) melalui proses fermentasi menggunakan saccharomyces cereviseae. Limbah buah nangka dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran bahan bakar minyak berbasis bahan dari biomassa (biofuel). Proses pembuatan alcohol dari limbah buah nangka diawali dengan pembuatan starter, medium fermentasi, proses fermentasi hingga mendapatkan alkohol dilanjutkan dengan proses pemurnian dengan cara destilasi. Analisis kadar alkohol dilakukan dengan metode berat jenis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alkohol yang dihasilkan dari limbah buah nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) adalah 20 % dengan waktu fermentasi 12 hari.
REFRAÇÕES MORAIS E COGNITIVAS
Authors: Weiss Raquel , Neto Jayme , Santos Renan , Barbosa Monica , Orsi Guillermo , Fabris Carlos , Negrão Sabrina , Sant’ Ana Guilherme
Published: August 2019

O desafio proposto por este dossiê sobre a atualidade dos clássicos nas ciências sociais nos encorajou à produção de um ensaio coletivo no qual mobilizamos conceitos fundamentais oriundos da teoria de Èmile Durkheim para compreender alguns aspectos do segundo turno das eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2018. Para tanto, partimos da ideia das categorias e representações coletivas como mediações socialmente construpidas de nossa relação com o mundo e, em seguida, indicamos as categorias de sagrado e profano como particularmente relevantes para o estabelecimento da estrutura e da dinâmica social. Ao final, procuramos indicar como essas noções basilares podemo dialogar com a teoria da ação e a sociologia compreensiva de Weber, resultando na proposta de uma tipologia da escolha do voto, com o intuito de elucidar um fenômeno candente durante esse processo, qual seja, o do espanto diante de escolha radicalmente oposta por parte de pessoas próximas.
ESCRITOS SOBRE O CUSCUZ
Authors: Formighieri Rubia Carla Giordani , Bezerra Islandia Bezerra , Carvalho Soraia Martins de
Published: August 2019

O texto propõe dialogar sobre a preparação do cuscuz como alimento identitário marcador de tradições alimentares regionais agora ameaçado diante dos avanços da transgenia na agricultura e do estabelecimento de modelos de consumo pela  difusão massiva de produto da indústria alimentícia que se propõe substituir esta comida/preparação de raiz. Procura-se situar o debate no campo político da Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SSAN) na medida em que toma-se como horizonte teórico a crítica ao sistema agroalimentar hegemônico com suas contradições e riscos intrínsecos à sua reprodução. Por meio de um ensaio teórico procurou-se pensar, a partir destas questões, nas imbricações entre modernidade alimentar e cultura alimentar local com seusefeitos simbólicos e ideológicos na conformação da alimentação na sociedade contemporânea. O texto está dividido em quatro partes: Cuscuz:legado histórico e identidade gustativa;O que é isto que estamos comendo?As aparências e os sentidos; Entre riscos, incertezas e avanços dos alimentos transgênicos: o que há por trás de um cuscuz oriundo do milho geneticamente modificado; e Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional: caminhos para a preservação da comida culturalmente referenciada de direitos culturais e do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada. Este artigo desvenda questões importantes, que afetam a todos os brasileiros e brasileiras, diante do cenário atual de poder, influência e controle dos grandes conglomerados de empresas transnacionais do ramo de alimentos que possuem - na transgenia - seu potencial de lucro sobre as famílias agricultoras, consumidores e consumidoras e o poder público. Para além do risco à saúde e do meio ambiente, muitas outras questões estão em jogo. A insegurança política, social e econômica coloca em risco também a soberania e a segurança alimentar e nutricional do país.
The Metabolism and Disposition of Koumine, Gelsemine and Humantenmine from Gelsemium
Authors: Wang Zi-Yuan , Zuo Meng-Ting , Liu Zhao-Ying
Published: August 2019

Background:

Gelsemium is a toxic flowering plant of the Gelsemiaceae family. It is used to treat skin
diseases in China, and it is an important medicinal and homeopathic plant in North America. Up to now, more than
200 compounds have been isolated and reported from Gelsemium. More than 120 of these are indole alkaloids, including
the main components, koumine, gelsemine and humantenmine which produce the pharmacological and toxicological
effects of Gelsemium. However, their clinical application their limited by its narrow therapeutic window.
Therefore, it is very important to study the metabolism and disposition of indole alkaloids from Gelsemium before
their clinical application. This paper reviews all the reports on the metabolism and disposition of alkaloids isolated
from Gelsemium at home and abroad.

Methods:

The metabolism and disposition of alkaloids from Gelsemium were searched by the Web of Science,
NCBI, PubMed and some Chinese literature databases.

Results:

Only koumine, gelsemine and humantenmine have been reported, and few other alkaloids have been described.
These studies indicated that the three indole alkaloids are absorbed rapidly, widely distributed in tissues,
extensively metabolized and rapidly eliminated. There are species differences in the metabolism of these alkaloids,
which is the reason for the differences in their toxicity in animals and humans.

Conclusion:

This review not only explains the pharmacokinetics of indole alkaloids from Gelsemium but also facilitates
further study on their metabolism and mechanism of toxicity.
Biodegradable Polyester of Poly (Ethylene glycol)-sebacic Acid as a Backbone for β -Cyclodextrin-polyrotaxane: A Promising Gene Silencing Vector
Authors: Ghodke Sharwari , Mahajan Prajakta , Gupta Kritika , Ver Avadhani Chilukuri , Dandekar Prajakta , Jain Ratnesh
Published: August 2019

Background:

Polyrotaxane, a macromolecular interlocked assembly, consisting of cyclodextrin
has excellent inclusion capabilities and functionalization capacity, which makes it a versatile
material as a vector for gene delivery applications.

Objective:

A biodegradable linear aliphatic polyester axle composed of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
and Sebacic Acid (SA) was used to fabricate the β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) based polyrotaxane as a cationic
polymeric vector and evaluated for its potential gene silencing efficiency.

Methods:

The water-soluble aliphatic polyester was synthesized by the solvent esterification process
and characterized using viscometry, GPC, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized polyester
was further evaluated for its biodegradability and cellular cytotoxicity. Hence, this water-soluble
polyester was used for the step-wise synthesis of polyrotaxane, via threading and blocking reactions.
Threading of β-CD over PEG-SA polyester axle was conducted in water, followed by end-capping of
polypseudorotaxane using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to yield polyester-based polyrotaxane.
For gene delivery application, cationic polyrotaxane (PRTx+) was synthesized and evaluated for its
gene loading and gene silencing efficiency.

Results and Discussion:

The resulting novel macromolecular assembly was found to be safe for use in
biomedical applications. Further, characterization by GPC and 1H NMR techniques revealed successful
formation of PE-β-CD-PRTx with a threading efficiency of 16%. Additionally, the cellular cytotoxicity
assay indicated biosafety of the synthesized polyrotaxane, exploring its potential for gene delivery
and other biomedical applications. Further, the biological profile of PRTx+: siRNA complexes
was evaluated by measuring their zeta potential and gene silencing efficiency, which were found to be
comparable to Lipofectamine 3000, the commercial transfecting agent.

Conclusion:

The combinatory effect of various factors such as biodegradability, favourable complexation
ability, near zero zeta potentials, good cytotoxicity properties of poly (ethylene glycol)-sebacic
acid based β-Cyclodextrin-polyrotaxane makes it a promising gene delivery vector for therapeutic applications.
Characteristics of Natural Killer Cell Interaction with Trophoblast Cells During Pregnancy
Authors: Bazhenov Dmitry Olegovich , Khokhlova Evgeniya Valerevna , Viazmina Larisa Pavlovna , Furaeva Kseniya Nikolaevna , Mikhailova Valentina Anatolievna , Kostin Nikolay Anatolievich , Selkov Sergey Alekseevich , Sokolov Dmitry Igorevich
Published: August 2019

Background::

Maternal natural killer cells (NK cells) are a prevailing leukocyte population in the uteroplacental bed. Current descriptions of the effect of cytokines from the placental microenvironment on the expression of receptors by trophoblast and NK cells are inadequate and contradictory. There is insufficient information about the ability of NK cells to migrate through trophoblast cells.

Objective::

To assess the impact of conditioned media obtained during culturing of placentas from the first and the third trimesters of healthy pregnancies on the phenotype of trophoblast and NK cells and impact on adhesion and transmigration of NK cells through trophoblast cell layer.

Results::

We established that conditioned media obtained from both first and third trimester placentas increased the intensity of CD106, CD49e, CD49a, CD31, CD51/61, and integrin β6 expression by trophoblast cells. Conditioned media obtained from first trimester placentas increased the intensity of CD11a, CD29, CD49d, CD58, CD29 expression by NK cells. The presence of conditioned media from third trimester placentas resulted in more intense CD29, CD49d, CD11a, CD29, CD49d, and CD58 expression by NK cells. Migration of NK cells through trophoblast cells in the presence of conditioned media from first trimester placentas was increased compared with the migration level in the presence of conditioned media from third trimester placentas. This may be associated with increased expression of CD18 by NK cells.

Conclusion::

First trimester placental secretory products increase adhesion receptor expression by both trophoblast and NK cells. Under these conditions, trophoblast is capable of ensuring NK cell adhesion and transmigration.
Post-Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis
Authors: Bawazir Yasser , Towheed Tanveer , Anastassiades Tassos
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Post-Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis (PSRA) is defined as inflammatory
arthritis of ≥1 joint associated with a recent group A streptococcal infection in a patient who does
not fulfill the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF).

Methods:

In this narrative review, we conducted a systematic search on MEDLINE, EMBASE,
Cochrane Library and Google Scholar using the words poststreptococcal reactive arthritis. The
search covered the time period between 1982 and 2016. The purpose of this review is to summarize
the current state of knowledge of PSRA with respect to the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation
and treatment. We also summarize the key differences between PSRA, reactive arthritis
(ReA) and ARF.

Results:

PSRA has a bimodal age distribution at ages 8-14 and 21-37 years with an almost equal
male to female ratio. Clinically, it causes acute asymmetrical non-migratory polyarthritis, however,
tenosynovitis and small joint arthritis may occur. This disease entity can be associated with extraarticular
manifestations, including erythema nodosum, uveitis and glomerulonephritis. The frequency
of HLA-B27 in PSRA does not differ from that of the normal population, which suggests
that it is a separate entity from ReA. Involvement of the axial skeleton, including sacroiliitis, is uncommon
in PSRA. PSRA tends to occur within 10 days of a group A streptococcal infection, as
opposed to the 2 to 3 weeks delay for ARF. PSRA can be associated with prolonged or recurrent
arthritis, in contrast to ARF, in which arthritis usually lasts a few days to 3 weeks. Treatment usually
involves NSAIDs or corticosteroids.

Conclusion:

We summarize clinical features that help differentiate PSRA from ARF and ReA.
First-line treatment options include NSAIDs and corticosteroids. Most cases resolve spontaneously
within a few weeks, but some cases are recurrent or prolonged. There are no published randomized
controlled trials of PSRA.
SDResU-Net: Separable and Dilated Residual U-Net for MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Zhang Jianxin , Lv Xiaogang , Sun Qiule , Zhang Qiang , Wei Xiaopeng , Liu Bin
Published: August 2019

Background:

Glioma is one of the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors
that endanger human health. Tumors segmentation is a key step in assisting the diagnosis and
treatment of cancer disease. However, it is a relatively challenging task to precisely segment tumors
considering characteristics of brain tumors and the device noise. Recently, with the breakthrough
development of deep learning, brain tumor segmentation methods based on fully convolutional
neural network (FCN) have illuminated brilliant performance and attracted more and more
attention.

Methods:

In this work, we propose a novel FCN based network called SDResU-Net for brain tumor
segmentation, which simultaneously embeds dilated convolution and separable convolution
into residual U-Net architecture. SDResU-Net introduces dilated block into a residual U-Net architecture,
which largely expends the receptive field and gains better local and global feature descriptions
capacity. Meanwhile, to fully utilize the channel and region information of MRI brain
images, we separate the internal and inter-slice structures of the improved residual U-Net by employing
separable convolution operator. The proposed SDResU-Net captures more pixel-level details
and spatial information, which provides a considerable alternative for the automatic and accurate
segmentation of brain tumors.

Results and Conclusion:

The proposed SDResU-Net is extensively evaluated on two public MRI
brain image datasets, i.e., BraTS 2017 and BraTS 2018. Compared with its counterparts and stateof-
the-arts, SDResU-Net gains superior performance on both datasets, showing its effectiveness.
In addition, cross-validation results on two datasets illuminate its satisfying generalization ability.
Identification of Novel Human Serum Albumin (SA) Inhibitors from Scoparia Dulsis for Urolithiasis
Authors: Shaji Divya
Published: August 2019

Background::

Urolithiasis is the process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urinary tract. It has been reported that kidney stones are the third most common disorder among urinary diseases. At present, surgical procedures and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) are commonly employed for the treatment of Urolithiasis. The major drawback of these procedures is the recurrence of stones.

Methods:

This study aimed to identify potential natural inhibitors against human Serum Albumin (SA) from the plant Scoparia Dulsis for Urolithiasis. As protein-ligand interactions play a key role in structure- based drug design, this study screened 26 compounds from Scoparia Dulsis and investigated their binding affinity against SA by using molecular docking. The three dimensional (3D) structure of SA was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and docked with PubChem structures of 26 compounds using PyRX docking tool through Autodock Vina. Moreover, a 3D similarity search on the PubChem database was performed to find the analogs of best scored compound and docking studies were performed. Drug-likeness studies were made using Swiss ADME and Lipinski’s rule of five was performed for the compounds to evaluate their anti-urolithiatic activity.

Results:

The results showed that citrusin c (Eugenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibited best binding energy of -8.1 kcal/mol with SA followed by aphidicolin, apigenin, luteolin and scutellarein. Two compounds (PubChem CID 46186820, PubChem CID 21579141) analogous to citrusin c were selected based on the lowest binding energy.

Conclusion:

This study, therefore, reveals that these compounds could be promising candidates for further evaluation for Urolithiasis prevention or management.
Automated Brain Tumor Segmentation from MRI Images using Morphometric Algorithms
Authors: Senthilkumar C. , Gnanamurthy R.K.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Image segmentation plays a vital role in clinical study and in diagnosing
the stages of diseases. The hospitals are marching towards filmless imaging process in par with
digital film technology.

Materials and Methods:

The paper proposes a novel method based on morphometric segmentation
algorithm with Region of Interest (ROI). The core objective is to detect better segmentation
of a brain tumor from an MRI image for a clinical study.

Results and Conclusion:

A set of experiment has been performed for the analysis of the proposed
work on several MRI images. The proposed morphometric segmentation method provides better
accuracy on segmentation of tumor image from the input MRI image.
A Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Bionic Kangaroo Leg Suspension
Authors: Song Yong , Liu Shichuang , Che Jiangxuan , Lian Jinyi , Li Zhanlong , Shi Qinglu
Published: August 2019

Background:

Vehicles generally travel on different road conditions, and withstand strong
shock and vibration. In order to reduce or isolate the strong shock and vibration, it is necessary to propose
and develop a high-performance vehicle suspension system.

Objective:

This study aims to report a pneumatic artificial muscle bionic kangaroo leg suspension to
improve the comfort performance of vehicle suspension system.

Methods:

In summarizing the existing vehicle suspension systems and analyzing their advantages and
disadvantages, this paper introduces a new patent of vehicle suspension system based on the excellent
damping and buffering performance of kangaroo leg, A Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Bionic Kangaroo
Leg Suspension. According to the biomimetic principle, the pneumatic artificial muscles bionic kangaroo
leg suspension with equal bone ratio is constructed on the basis of the kangaroo leg crural index,
and two working modes (passive and active modes) are designed for the suspension. Moreover, the
working principle of the suspension system is introduced, and the rod system equations for the suspension
structure are built up. The characteristic simulation model of this bionic suspension is established
in Adams, and the vertical performance is analysed.

Results:

It is found that the largest deformation happens in the bionic heel spring and the largest angle
change occurs in the bionic ankle joint under impulse road excitation, which is similar to the dynamic
characteristics of kangaroo leg. Furthermore, the dynamic displacement and the acceleration of the
vehicle body are both sharply reduced.

Conclusion:

The simulation results show that the comfort performance of this bionic suspension is
excellent under the impulse road excitation, which indicates the bionic suspension structure is feasible
and reasonable to be applied to vehicle suspensions.
Indonesian-language version of general self-efficacy scale-12 using Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis: A construct validity testing
Authors: Putra Muhammad Dwirifqi Kharisma , Rahayu Wardani , Umar Jahja
Published: August 2019

The General Self-Efficacy Scale 12 (GSES-12) is a brief measure for assessing self-efficacy. This study aimed to revise an Indonesian language version of the GSES-12 that was translated and adopted from previous research. The revision conducted by following the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures, and the final version was administered to 303 (132 male, 171 female) Indonesian students, with a mean age of 19.56 years (SD: 1.20). This study is presented to establish the construct validity of this instrument further. The results of Bayesian CFA revealed a higher-order structure of factor representing constructs of self-efficacy. Considering the theoretical background and the best model fit indices (PPP-value = 0.549 and BRMSEA = 0.001), it is concluded that the Indonesian version of GSES-12 appears to be a valid instrument in assessing self-efficacy in Indonesian speaking students and is expected to facilitate the examination of self-efficacy in Indonesian speaking populations.
Evaluating the implementation of English communication therapy (ECT): An objective structured clinical assessment (OSCA) approach
Authors: Yogawati Nursanti Dwi , Widihastuti W.
Published: August 2019

This study is aimed at evaluating the implementation of the English Communication Therapy (ECT) instructional program oriented to the Objective Structured Clinical Assessment (OSCA) for the students of the D-3 Nursing Study Program at STIKES Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah, Cilacap. Three research problems are put forward concerning (1) the fit of the program in terms of the variables context, input, process, and product; (2) obstacles faced by students; and (3) attainment of the ECT learning objectives.  The study is evaluation research using the qualitative and quantitative CIPP model. The research subjects are 168 students of the Nursing Study Program of STIKES Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah. Data were collected using interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The findings show that (1) evaluation of the four variables of context, input, process, and product shows that ECT can be stated as in the good or fit category; (2) main obstacles faced by students are lack of vocabulary and low level of self-confidence; and (3) students are able to achieve the passing grade of 74 at each station on the competency of English speaking about nursing matters.
An educational-evaluation study for street children in Rumah Impian Foundation
Authors: Haryoni Aulia Ninda , Hermawati Istiana
Published: August 2019

This research aims to evaluate the education of street children at Rumah Impian Foundation in Yogyakarta. This is an evaluation research using a responsive evaluation model with a naturalistic qualitative approach. The evaluation stages carried out in this study consist of Rational, Anteccendent, Transaction, and Outcome. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with snowball sampling because the data were obtained from the community of the subjective sample, or in other words, the sample used is very rare and is grouped in a set. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques by Milles and Huberman. The results of the study show that, at the rational stage, the background of the educational concern for street children starts with a sense of caring about the street children’s future that is worth fighting for. In the antecedent stage, there is a conformity input between the volunteer, apprenticeship membership, and the street children’s education needs, in the form of policies and recruiting volunteers to be a companion to street children. At the transaction stage, the process between the foundation and street children education is appropriate, meaning that the foundation has facilitated the education needed by street children both formally and non-formally, in the form of increasing their skills through courses. Thus, there is a match between what was done in the previous stages and its results, showing that there are street children who reach their dreams, as a result of the foundation's efforts to continue knitting their dreams through intensive activities and assistance.