bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Pre-Service Teachers’ Reading Attitudes through Literature Circles: A Mixed Methods Design
Authors: Dogan Birsen , Yildirim Kasim , Cermik Hulya , Ates Seyit
Published: October 2020

This study explores the impact extended participation in literature circles had on the reading attitudes of university-age pre-service teachers following their involvement in literature circles for one academic year, as part of their training. The participants of the study consisted of 21 pre-service teachers with a low or moderate level of reading habits and reading attitudes. The research was conducted through a mixed methods approach. Although both quantitative and qualitative data were collected in the study, particular emphasis was given to the data collected from the qualitative part (quan+QUAL). In line with the quantitative data, it was concluded in the study that extended involvement in the literature circles had a positive effect on the reading attitudes of the pre-service teachers. The qualitative data, which was obtained through interviews, revealed four themes. The themes emerged as love and desire for reading, benefits of reading, importance of reading and reading habits as a result of the analysis. The results obtained from the research are important in terms of contributing to the improvement of pre-service teachers who will play important roles in Turkey’s becoming a literate society.
Large Purcell enhancement with nanoscale non-reciprocal photon transmission in chiral gap-plasmon-emitter systems
Authors: Shan Lingxiao , Zhang Fan , Ren Juanjuan , Zhang Qi , Gong Qihuang , Gu Ying
Published: October 2020

Chiral photon-emitter coupling has been extensively explored in its non-reciprocal property, which results from spin-locked photon transmission. It manifests the potential in on-chip non-reciprocal devices, such as optical isolators and photon routing in quantum networks. However, the enhancement of chiral coupling, which has been seldom studied, remains wanting. Here, we numerically propose a gap-plasmon-emitter system demonstrating large Purcell enhancement with effective nanoscale non-reciprocal photon transmission. Owing to the strong field enhancement and high transverse spin momentum (TSM) in gap plasmons, the Purcell factor reaches 104. Simultaneously, the transmission in the nanowire is directional, in which 91% propagates in a single direction. The transmission confined around the nanowire also obtains a ∼700-fold enhancement compared with the vacuum decay rate of the emitter. Furthermore, the circularly polarized emitter couples preferentially to the opposite transmission direction in the two eigenmodes. This phenomenon is attributed to the special TSM profile of the two eigenmodes, that is, the transmission direction is locked to the opposite TSM in the two eigenmodes. Our proposed system offers an efficient way for photon routing in optical circuits and quantum networks and also extends methods for manipulating non-reciprocal devices.
Pre-compensation method for optimizing recording process of holographic optical element lenses with spherical wave reconstruction
Authors: Yeom Jiwoon , Son Yeseul , Choi Kwang-Soon
Published: October 2020

We propose a pre-compensated recording process of holographic optical element (HOE) lenses, where both of reference and signal waves have spherical wavefronts, for solving a wavelength mismatch problem between the recording and displaying process. Based on a localized approximation for aperiodic volume gratings, the wavelength mismatch and shrinkage effects are pre-compensated by optimizing the recording setup of HOE lenses, so that the Bragg condition of each local grating is satisfied. In order to realize the practical implementations of recording setup, complicated wavefronts to be required for the wavelength and shrinkage compensation are approximated into spherical waves. The simulation results using the volume hologram models of OpticStudio verify that the undesirable focal shift and color breakup problems in the HOE lens due to the wavelength mismatch are compensated. Displaying experiments using a full-color HOE lens with the field of view of 30° are presented, where the maximum wavelength mismatch between the recording and displaying process is 17 nm.
‘Being a horror fan and being a feminist are often a conflicting business’: Feminist horror, the opinion economy and Teeth’s gendered audiences
Authors: Farrimond Katherine
Published: October 2020

Horror has long been understood as a ‘bad object’ in relation to its audiences. More specifically, this presumed relationship is a gendered one, so that men are positioned as the genre’s natural audience, while women’s engagement with horror is presented as more fractious. However, those horror films framed as feminist require a reorientation of these relations. This article foregrounds the critical reception of a ‘conspicuously feminist’ horror film in order to explore what happens to the bad object of horror within an opinion economy that works to diagnose the feminism or its absence in popular culture. Reviews of Teeth (2007), a ‘feminist horror film’ about vagina dentata, illustrate the push and pull of gendered power attached to feminist media, where empowerment is often understood in binary terms in relation to its gendered audiences. The assumed disempowerment of male audiences takes precedence in many reviews, while other narratives emerge in which Teeth becomes an educational tool that might change gendered behaviours, which directly empowers female audiences or which dupes women into believing they have been empowered. Finally, Teeth’s reviews expose a language of desire and fantasy around vagina dentata as an automated solution to the embodied experiences of women in contemporary culture. Teeth’s reviews, I argue, offer a valuable case study for interrogating the tensions in discourse when the bad object of horror is put to work for feminism.
Dialéctica y refutación en el Sofista de Platón
Authors: Spangenberg Pilar
Published: October 2020

The dialectic exhibited in Plato’s dialogues assumes different characters throughout the corpus. Nevertheless, it remains always linked to refutation. In this way, like dialectic, refutation assumes different characteristics. The aim of this work is to show how refutation takes a key role in the Sophist, even with unique features: far from facing an opponent of flesh and blood as in Socratic dialogues, the Eleatic Stranger faces hypotheses, and instead of examining consistence within the opponent’s beliefs, he draws upon a radical mechanism that focuses in the conditions of possibility of the (opponent’s) discourse.
Deseo de engendrar y de dar a luz en lo bello: La estructura de Eros en el discurso de Diotima y su relación con la generación de conocimiento
Authors: García Carrera Gabriel Arturo
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to analyze Diotima’s definition of eros as a desire to beget and give birth in beauty. The main problem lies in the use of the notions of kuêsis, tokos, genesis and gennêsis. We will distinguish the meanings of each term and show that the erotic relationship is focused on the preservation of that which the lover already carries within himself. On this basis, and by using some passages from the Phaedrus, we seek, finally, to explain why science belongs to the realm of generation.
ÉMILE ou De l’éducation… immersive de l’anglais
Authors: Muylkens Benoît , Bouchat Hélène , Jansen Wiebke , Tirtiaux Johan
Published: October 2020

Cet article présente et analyse un dispositif d’enseignement intégré fruit de la collaboration entre un professeur d’ethnographie animale et une professeure d’anglais. Après une description des motivations qui ont présidé à l’élaboration de cette innovation et de l’organisation concrète de ce cours mêlant classe inversée et co-enseignement, il aborde les effets de ce dispositif sur la motivation des étudiants, leur rapport à la langue anglaise et leur sentiment d’amélioration en anglais.
Poziomy funkcjonowania dychotomii w filmie Wygnanie Andrieja Zwiagincewa
Authors: Przybysz Anna
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to show how the levels of dichotomy function in the artistic world of The Banishment, directed by Andrei Zvyagintsev. We try to put emphasis on the Zvyagintsev’s artistic method, to show that said idea works on several levels. We are convinced that the idea of duality is present in The Banishment as externally (for example motif of split in the family) as well as internally (the category of the doppelgänger).
Wojna oczami „nacbola”. Obraz wojny w zbiorze opowiadań Smrt Eduarda Limonowa
Authors: Kołakowski Michał
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the image of war in Smrt – a collection of short stories written by Eduard Limonov. Eduard Limonov is a controversial Russian writer and politician known for his extremist worldview, scandalous literary works and involvement in the national-bolshevik movement. The action of most of the stories is set against the backdrop of the Yugoslav Wars. Limonov describes the dark sides of the war: death, suffering of civilians and atrocities, but at the same time claims that war creates an excellent opportunity to experience a fascinating adventure and to become a true hero. In his opinion, the war is completely consistent with the most basic human instincts, therefore, it is not surprising that many soldiers participate in war with enthusiasm and prefer it to a boring, stabilized life.
Optimal regularity of stable solutions to nonlinear equations involving the p-Laplacian
Authors: Cabré Xavier , Miraglio Pietro , Sanchón Manel
Published: October 2020

We consider the equation

-

Δ
p

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

{-\Delta_{p}u=f(u)}

in a smooth bounded domain of

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

, where

Δ
p

{\Delta_{p}}

is the p-Laplace operator. Explicit examples of unbounded stable energy solutions are known if

n
≥

p
+

4
⁢
p

p
-
1

{n\geq p+\frac{4p}{p-1}}

.
Instead, when

n
<

p
+

4
⁢
p

p
-
1

{n<p+\frac{4p}{p-1}}

, stable solutions have been proved to be bounded only in the radial case or under strong assumptions on f.
In this article we solve a long-standing open problem: we prove an interior

C
α

{C^{\alpha}}

bound for stable solutions which holds for every nonnegative

f
∈

C
1

{f\in C^{1}}

whenever

p
≥
2

{p\geq 2}

and the optimal condition

n
<

p
+

4
⁢
p

p
-
1

{n<p+\frac{4p}{p-1}}

holds.
When

p
∈

(
1
,
2
)

{p\in(1,2)}

, we obtain the same result under the nonsharp assumption

n
<

5
⁢
p

{n<5p}

.
These interior estimates lead to the boundedness of stable and extremal solutions to the associated Dirichlet problem when the domain is strictly convex.
Our work extends to the p-Laplacian some of the recent results of Figalli, Ros-Oton, Serra, and the first author for the classical Laplacian, which have established the regularity of stable solutions when

p
=
2

{p=2}

in the optimal range

n
<
10

{n<10}

.
Effect of addition of dried potato pulp on selected quality characteristics of shortcrust pastry cookies
Authors: Boruczkowska Hanna , Boruczkowski Tomasz , Figurska-Ciura Danuta , Drożdż Wioletta
Published: October 2020

Potato pulp is a nuisance waste from the production of potato starch, containing large amounts of dietary fiber; therefore, addition of the pulp to food may have a positive effect on the nutritional value of food products. To increase the amount of dietary fiber, shortcrust pastry cookies were baked by replacing some of the flour (20–100%) with an equivalent amount of dried potato pulp. In all the tested variants, correct confectionery products were obtained. The color of finished product (measured using Konica-Minolta CM-5 spectrophotometer) and mechanical properties of raw dough and baked cookies (subjected to a tensile test, using INSTRON 5544 Tensile Tester) were determined. Furthermore, the samples were subjected to sensory consumer assessment (evaluated on a 7-point hedonic scale). Colorimetric tests of the cookies showed a slight shift in their color from yellow toward green but at the same time lowering its saturation. Strength tests show that only the replacement of more than 40% of flour by the dried pulp resulted in a significant increase in the hardness of baked products. Regarding the tests with consumers, cookies containing up to 40% potato pulp were acceptable. Such a large addition of potato pulp to shortcrust pastry cookies creates new opportunities for this waste management.
Mechanical analysis of basic roof fracture mechanism and feature in coal mining with partial gangue backfilling
Authors: Wei Yin , Xiaomin Bai , Jingke Wu , Ran Zhang , Chao Liu , Ran Zhang , Yunxin Tang
Published: October 2020

Coal mining with partial gangue backfilling (CMPGB) method has the advantages of both high filling efficiency and excellent workface capacity, which breaks through the technical bottleneck of full-section backfilling mining. In order to reveal the fracture mechanism and characteristics in CMPGB workface, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the filling ratio of different filling patterns in CMPGB. A local composite elastic foundation mechanical model of basic roof in CMPGB was established using thin elastic plate theory. Then, Galerkin’s semi-analytic solution process was designed according to local composite elastic foundation characteristics. A deflection equation of the basic roof was derived, and a critical condition of the basic roof breakage was given. Based on engineering calculation example of Ji15-31010 workface of Pingdingshan No. 12 Coal Mine, the following conclusions are drawn. (1) At the basic roof of caving section, tensile-shear failure occurred in workface, cutoff position, and transition section, while compressive-shear failure occurred in the central part of the goaf. The basic roof showed a typical local “C–X” failure characteristic. (2) The value of first caving span decreased from 32.7 to 31.4 m as the elastic foundation coefficient of backfilling body increased from 70 × 106 to 120 × 106 N/m3, with a decreasing amplitude of only 4.1%. The increase of density of backfilling body only changed the support structure of backfilling section and had an insignificant effect on the first caving span. (3) The value of the first caving span decreased from 59.1 to 21.68 m as the length of caving section increased from 40 to 140 m, indicating that the first caving span was mainly influenced by the length of caving section. The measured value of the first caving span of Ji15-31010 CMPGB workface was 29.8 m, which was close to the theoretical value of mechanical model.
Comparison estimates on the first eigenvalue of a quasilinear elliptic system
Authors: Abolarinwa Abimbola , Azami Shahroud
Published: October 2020

We study a system of quasilinear eigenvalue problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions on complete compact Riemannian manifolds. In particular, Cheng comparison estimates and the inequality of Faber–Krahn for the first eigenvalue of a

(
p
,
q
)

{(p,q)}

-Laplacian are recovered. Lastly, we reprove a Cheeger-type estimate for the p-Laplacian,

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

, from where a lower bound estimate in terms of Cheeger’s constant for the first eigenvalue of a

(
p
,
q
)

{(p,q)}

-Laplacian is built. As a corollary, the first eigenvalue converges to Cheeger’s constant as

p
,
q

→
1

,
1

{p,q\to 1,1}

.
South Korean perceptions of “native” speaker of English in social and news media via big data analytics
Authors: Ahn Hyejeong , Choi Naya , Kiaer Jieun
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the South Korean perception of “native” speaker of English (NSE), namelywon-eo-minandne-i-ti-beuin Korean, with an examination of the use of such terms in the news and social media. To do this, the study examined news topics covered in the South Korean news media including newspapers and television news channels that mention or discuss these terms.Secondly, words used along with these two terms in social media forums such as Twitter or weblogs were examined. In order to realise this, two major data mining programs called the BIGKinds program (Korea Press Foundation,Big Kinds: News Big Data & Analysis,https://www.kinds.or.kr/; accessed 14 May 2018) and the Social Metrics program (Daumsoft, Social metricsTM,http://academy.some.co.kr/login.html; accessed 1 May 2018) were employed. This study shows that the concept of the “native” speaker in the forms ofwon-eo-minandne-i-ti-beuis deeply manifested in the minds of South Koreans, especially when talking about the pronunciation of “native” speakers as the model of “correct” pronunciation of English. Such perceptions need to be critically revisited in an era where English is the most common medium of communication in the global community.
The Will to Synthesis: Nietzsche, Carnap and the Continental-Analytic Gap
Authors: Moreira Felipe G. A.
Published: October 2020

This essay presupposes that Friedrich Nietzsche and Rudolf Carnap champion contrasting reactions to the fact that, throughout history, persons have been engaged in metaphysical disputes. Nietzsche embraces a libertarian reaction that is in agreement with his anti-democratic aristocratic political views, whereas Carnap endorses an egalitarian reaction aligned with his democratic and socialist political views. After characterizing these reactions, the essay argues for two claims. The first claim is that the stated contrasting reactions are to be considered, not only by the few scholars who are interested both in Nietzsche’s and Carnap’s writings, but by a far larger group that includes those who have addressed the continental-analytic gap; those who are concerned with the development of contemporary philosophy; and/or those who are interested in the writings of Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, David Lewis and/or Peter van Inwagen. The second claim is that we have to entertain a synthesis of Nietzsche’s libertarian and Carnap’s egalitarian reaction in order to overcome the continental-analytic gap.
The Impacts of Neoliberal Tourism Development in the Arab World with Specific Reference to Morocco and Jordan
Authors: Scherle Nicolai , Pillmayer Markus , Braun Gershon
Published: October 2020

Morocco and Jordan are among those destinations in the Arab world where the complex structures and processes of a neoliberal tourism policy can be examined quasi archetypically: to the extent that the policy largely considers the market as being the ultimate determinant for the exchange of tangible and intangible goods. Based on two case studies – the so-called Master Plan of Marrakesh (Morocco) and the Aqaba Special Economic Zone (Jordan) – this paper examines the conflicted effects of neoliberal penetration into tourism policy on these two destinations as well as on key stakeholders. Given the unilateral instrumentalization of individual freedom in terms of productivity, growth, and progress; it is evident that a neoliberal tourism policy does not justly serve those directly involved or the local communities, but instead, furthers the interests of Western industrialized nations.
Hydroflux syntheses and crystal structures of hydrogarnets Ba3[RE(OH)6]2 (RE = Sc, Y, Ho–Lu)
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Graßme Florian , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael
Published: October 2020

Colorless crystals of the barium rare earth hydrogarnets Ba3[RE(OH)6]2 (RE = Sc, Y, Ho–Lu) were synthesized under hydroflux conditions with KOH at about T = 200 °C starting from the respective RE
2O3 and Ba (NO3)2. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis on these distorted rhombic dodecahedra revealed the cubic space group Ia

3
‾

$‾{3}$

d (no. 230). The crystal structures of the hydrogarnets Ba3[RE(OH)6]2 are discussed and compared with those of other hydrogarnets. The occurrence of additional reflections, which do not fulfill the reflection conditions of Ia

3
‾

$‾{3}$

d, is analyzed and described by Renninger or λ/2 effects. A correlation is established between the space group adopted by a hydrogarnet and characteristic interatomic distances. In addition, single-crystal structure data of the strontium indium hydrogarnet Sr3[In(OH)6]2 are provided.
ElLibro de las cuatro virtudesen laCopilaçión de algunos dichos de Séneca: dos traducciones para dos modelos
Authors: Ranero Riestra Laura
Published: October 2020

TheCopilaçión de algunos dichos de Sénecacontains, among its translated fragments of theTabulatio et expositio Seneca, parts corresponding to theLibro de las cuatro virtudes. This paper compares both translations with their respective Latin models to determine whether it is a reuse by Alfonso de Cartagena, or, on the contrary, we are facing two different works.
Valoración de los servicios ecosistémicos en áreas verdes. El caso del Parque Metropolitano de Guadalajara, México
Authors: Plazola Zamora Laura , Sahagún Sánchez Francisco Javier , Aceves Sánchez José , Sánchez Romero Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

El crecimiento urbano ha generado una importante presión sobre las áreas verdes que conforman el paisaje de las ciudades y pone en riesgo la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos que se producen en el entramado de la infraestructura verde de la ciudad. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el valor económico de los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que brinda el Parque Metropolitano de Guadalajara (PMG) a través del método de valoración contingente. Los usuarios reconocen a los servicios culturales como los SE más importantes, seguidos de los de regulación y soporte. Asimismo, un alto porcentaje de los usuarios (98%) manifiestan estar dispuestos a pagar ($38.60) para conservar los beneficios provistos por el parque, y el 90% se muestra decidido a demandar una compensación ante la posibilidad de que les sea negado el acceso a estos. Es necesario sensibilizar a la población y a los tomadores de decisiones sobre la importancia de los SE que proveen los parques para garantizar su adecuada gestión.
Serial Systemic Injections of Endotoxin (LPS) Elicit Neuroprotective Spinal Cord Microglia through IL-1-Dependent Cross Talk with Endothelial Cells
Authors: Freria Camila M. , Brennan Faith H. , Sweet David R. , Guan Zhen , Hall Jodie C. , Kigerl Kristina A. , Nemeth Daniel P. , Liu Xiaoyu , Lacroix Steve , Quan Ning , Popovich Phillip G.
Published: October 2020

Microglia are dynamic immunosurveillance cells in the CNS. Whether microglia are protective or pathologic is context dependent; the outcome varies as a function of time relative to the stimulus, activation state of neighboring cells in the microenvironment or within progression of a particular disease. Although brain microglia can be “primed” using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/endotoxin, it is unknown whether LPS delivered systemically can also induce neuroprotective microglia in the spinal cord. Here, we show that serial systemic injections of LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p., daily) for 4 consecutive days (LPSx4) consistently elicit a reactive spinal cord microglia response marked by dramatic morphologic changes, increased production of IL-1, and enhanced proliferation without triggering leukocyte recruitment or overt neuropathology. Following LPSx4, reactive microglia frequently contact spinal cord endothelial cells. Targeted ablation or selective expression of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) in either microglia or endothelia reveal that IL-1-dependent signaling between these cells mediates microglia activation. Using a mouse model of ischemic spinal cord injury in male and female mice, we show that preoperative LPSx4 provides complete protection from ischemia-induced neuron loss and hindlimb paralysis. Neuroprotection is partly reversed by either pharmacological elimination of microglia or selective removal of IL-1R in microglia or endothelia. These data indicate that spinal cord microglia are amenable to therapeutic reprogramming via systemic manipulation and that this potential can be harnessed to protect the spinal cord from injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTData in this report indicate that a neuroprotective spinal cord microglia response can be triggered by daily systemic injections of LPS over a period of 4 d (LPSx4). The LPSx4 regimen induces morphologic transformation and enhances proliferation of spinal cord microglia without causing neuropathology. Using advanced transgenic mouse technology, we show that IL-1-dependent microglia–endothelia cross talk is necessary for eliciting this spinal cord microglia phenotype and also for conferring optimal protection to spinal motor neurons from ischemic spinal cord injury (ISCI). Collectively, these novel data show that it is possible to consistently elicit spinal cord microglia via systemic delivery of inflammogens to achieve a therapeutically effective neuroprotective response against ISCI.
Sex-Specific Vasopressin Signaling Buffers Stress-Dependent Synaptic Changes in Female Mice
Authors: Loewen Spencer P. , Baimoukhametova Dinara V. , Bains Jaideep S.
Published: October 2020

In many species, social networks provide benefit for both the individual and the collective. In addition to transmitting information to others, social networks provide an emotional buffer for distressed individuals. Our understanding about the cellular mechanisms that contribute to buffering is poor. Stress has consequences for the entire organism, including a robust change in synaptic plasticity at glutamate synapses onto corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). In females, however, this stress-induced metaplasticity is buffered by the presence of a naive partner. This buffering may be because of discrete behavioral interactions, signals in the context in which the interaction occurs (i.e., olfactory cues), or it may be influenced by local signaling events in the PVN. Here, we show that local vasopressin (VP) signaling in PVN buffers the short-term potentiation (STP) at glutamate synapses after stress. This social buffering of metaplasticity, which requires the presence of another individual, was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of the VP 1a receptor (V1aR) in female mice. Exogenous VP mimicked the effects of social buffering and reduced STP in CRHPVNneurons from females but not males. These findings implicate VP as a potential mediator of social buffering in female mice.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn many organisms, including rodents and humans, social groups are beneficial to overall health and well-being. Moreover, it is through these social interactions that the harmful effects of stress can be mitigated, a phenomenon known as social buffering. In the present study, we describe a critical role for the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) in social buffering of synaptic metaplasticity in stress-responsive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in female mice. These effects of VP do not extend to social buffering of stress behaviors, suggesting this is a very precise and local form of sex-specific neuropeptide signaling.
The Neurokinin-1 Receptor is Expressed with Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Spinal Interneurons and Modulates Itch
Authors: Sheahan Tayler D. , Warwick Charles A. , Fanien Louis G. , Ross Sarah E.
Published: October 2020

The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R; encoded byTacr1) is expressed in spinal dorsal horn neurons and has been suggested to mediate itch in rodents. However, previous studies relied heavily on neurotoxic ablation of NK1R spinal neurons, which limited further dissection of their function in spinal itch circuitry. To address this limitation, we leveraged a newly developedTacr1CreERmouse line to characterize the role of NK1R spinal neurons in itch. We show that pharmacological activation of spinal NK1R and chemogenetic activation ofTacr1CreERspinal neurons increases itch behavior in male and female mice, whereas pharmacological inhibition of spinal NK1R suppresses itch behavior. We use fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) to characterize the endogenous expression ofTacr1throughout the superficial and deeper dorsal horn (DDH), as well as the lateral spinal nucleus (LSN), of mouse and human spinal cord. Retrograde labeling studies in mice from the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) show that less than 20% of superficialTacr1CreERdorsal horn neurons are spinal projection neurons, and thus the majority ofTacr1CreERare local interneurons. We then use a combination ofin situhybridization andex vivotwo-photon Ca2+imaging of the mouse spinal cord to establish that NK1R and the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) are coexpressed within a subpopulation of excitatory superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons. These findings are the first to suggest a role for NK1R interneurons in itch and extend our understanding of the complexities of spinal itch circuitry.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe spinal cord is a critical hub for processing somatosensory input, yet which spinal neurons process itch input and how itch signals are encoded within the spinal cord is not fully understood. We demonstrate neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) spinal neurons mediate itch behavior in mice and that the majority of NK1R spinal neurons are local interneurons. These NK1R neurons comprise a subset of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) interneurons and are thus positioned at the center of spinal itch transmission. We show NK1R mRNA expression in human spinal cord, underscoring the translational relevance of our findings in mice. This work is the first to suggest a role for NK1R interneurons in itch and extends our understanding of the complexities of spinal itch circuitry.
Seed vigour evaluation in petunia seed lots to predict seedling emergence and longevity
Authors: Demir Ibrahim , Erturk Nihal , Gokdas Zeynep
Published: October 2020

This study examined the potential of different vigour tests to reveal differences in performance of nine hybrid petunia seed lots. Saturated salt accelerated ageing test (SSAA) and 48-hour radicle emergence (RE48h) tests were able to predict seedling emergence and longevity potential.
The results of accelerated ageing (AA) (at 41/43°C, 48/72 hours, 100% RH), saturated salt accelerated ageing (SSAA) (at 41/43/45°C, 72 hours, 75% RH), mean germination time (MGT), 48-hour radicle emergence (RE48h) and electrical conductivity (EC) tests were compared with seedling emergence
in modules and longevity (at 5°C for 24 months and 25°C for 12 months). Initial standard germination (SG) percentages were above 83% in the lots. Seedling emergence ranged between 18 and 89%, germination after storage was between 16 and 88% at 5°C, and 13 and 96% at 25°C. The
SSAA test at 43°C and 45°C for 72 hours was correlated with both seedling emergence and longevity. RE48h was correlated with emergence and germination after storage at 5°C for 24 months; MGT and SG was correlated with seedling emergence. Neither AA nor the EC test was correlated
with emergence and longevity. Thus vigour, expressed as both emergence and storage potential, was successfully predicted by the SSAA test and RE48h.
Confronting Ideology: Islamophobia vs. Islamist Fundamentalism
Authors: Khurshid Nuzhat
Published: October 2020

The notions of tradition and modernity organize the contestation of Islamophobia, as a colonialist, capitalist venture originating in the West, as opposed to the ‘traditional’ forces of fundamentalism, which originate in the East. The print revolution, beginning as a product of colonialist capitalism, led to the explosion and expansion of ‘modern’ ideas of cultural essentialism whereas the internet revolution has played a strong role in the spread of ‘traditional’ ideas as defined by Islamist fundamentalism. The apparent ‘clash of civilizations’ (Huntington 1993) presented by the interaction between the East and the West, or tradition and modernity, will be critiqued and the dangers of these abstractions, which avoid real issues such as class struggle and geopolitical control, will be shown. Finally, some ideas will be presented on how to challenge both these ideologies in their everyday uses. Using Marx’s notion of ideology, defined as a tool used by the ruling class to abstract material concepts and maintain power, we will explore the nature of Islamophobia and Islamist fundamentalism.
Dinámica de casa y poder local en la ciudad de Ourense: don Juan Nicolás Espinosa Feijóo, I marqués de Boveda de Limia (1657-1743)
Authors: Presedo Garazo Antonio
Published: October 2020

En el siguiente trabajo se estudia la familia Espinosa como familia de poder vinculada al concejo de la ciudad de Ourense durante la edad moderna, poniendo especial énfasis en la etapa de transición entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. En un primer apartado analizamos la trayectoria familiar en la larga duración, para localizar y examinar los condicionantes que influyen en su reproducción social. El segundo se centra específicamente en el examen detallado de la relación que mantienen los Espinosa con el concejo orensano, atendiendo a los oficios servidos y el contexto en el cual se produce su traspaso entre los miembros de esta familia de poder. En el tercer y último apartado se destaca la contribución de los familiares que han accedido al alto clero secular y al ejército, como dos importantes vías de promoción social.
José Patiño y el crédito de Felipe V ¿Un proyecto global?
Authors: Dubet Anne
Published: October 2020

El artículo parte de la aparente contradicción entre la política inicial de José Patiño como ministro de Hacienda, basada en un riguroso control de las formas del gasto real, y su acrobática política de crédito desde 1734. Examinando cómo Patiño reforma las instituciones de gobierno de las haciendas peninsular y americanas y cómo trabaja con ellas, intenta reconstituir la coherencia de su proyecto y la forma de integración entre España y las Indias en él. Asimismo, busca calibrar la originalidad de Patiño en relación con sus predecesores.
Risikokultur in Banken – eine systematische Literaturanalyse
Authors: Wiedemann Arnd , Bouten Christiane , Hertrampf Patrick
Published: October 2020

Die Finanzkrise von 2007 und 2008 hat die Bedeutung einer nachhaltigen Risikosteuerung von Banken eindrucksvoll vor Augen geführt. Eine zu starke Fokussierung auf den Ertrag macht Geschäftsmodelle risikoanfällig. Daher wurde im Jahr 2009 erstmals auf internationaler Ebene über die Ausgestaltung einer geeigneten Risikokultur in Banken diskutiert. In der Folge griff die Bankenaufsicht die Überlegungen auf und integrierte sie in das aufsichtsrechtliche Überwachungssystem. Unsere Arbeit analysiert im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturanalyse die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse zur Risikokultur. Wir können feststellen, dass die Risikokultur eine wichtige Komponente ist, um Risikobereitschaft und Risikomanagement in Einklang zu bringen. Zudem gibt unsere Analyse Einsichten, wie eine Risikokultur ausgestaltet sein muss, um wirksam und effektiv in einer Bank eingebunden zu werden.
Klasifikasi Ilmu Menurut Ibn Sina
Authors: Khasanah Nur , Hamzani Achmad Irwan , Aravik Havis
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis thesis addresses the classification of knowledge by Ibn Sina. The goal of this thesis was to decide the classification of knowledge according to Ibn Sina and to what degree the position and effect of Ibn Sina's thinking on the growth of science in Islam. This research is a qualitative literature-based study (library research). The method used is analytical, qualitative, with the goal of presenting a definition or explaining the present reality or what is happening or the current reality of the object under study. The results of this study show that the classification of knowledge according to Ibn Sina divides knowledge into two, namely theoretical knowledge (hikmah nadzariah) which seeks to purify the soul through ma'rifat. What this information requires is the discussion of the questions of metaphysics (divinity), mathematics (riyadhiyah) and physics (thabi'iyah). Second, the functional sciences ('Amaliah'). Included in the area of practical science, such as ethics (Khuluqiyah), regulating family relationships in the household, economics (Tadbir al-Manzil), regulating the association of people within the state (Tadbir al-Madinah) and prophethood (syari'ah).Keywords; Ibn Sina, Classification of Science, theoretical science, practical science. AbstrakStudi ini membahas tentang klasifikasi ilmu menurut Ibn Sina. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui klasifikasi ilmu menurut Ibn Sina dan sejauh mana peran dan pengaruh pemikiran Ibn Sina terhadap perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam Islam. Studi merupakan studi kualitatif berbasis kepustakaan (library research). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran atau mendeskripsikan kenyataan yang ada atau apa yang terjadi atau kenyataan sebenarnya pada obyek yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa klasifikasi ilmu menurut Ibn Sina ilmu terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu ilmu teoritis (hikmah nadzariyah) bertujuan untuk membersihkan jiwa melalui ma’rifat. Yang termasuk ilmu ini adalah membahas masalah-masalah metafisika (ketuhanan), matematika (riyadhiyah), dan fisika (thabi’iyah). Kedua, ilmu-ilmu praktis (‘Amaliyah). Termasuk dalam bidang ilmu-ilmu praktis seperti etika (Khuluqiyah), mengatur pergaulan keluarga dalam rumah tangga, ekonomi (Tadbir al-Manzil), mengatur pergaulan umat dalam negara (Tadbir al-Madinah) dan kenabian (syari’ah).Kata Kunci; Ibn Sina, Klasifikasi Ilmu, Ilmu teoritis, ilmu praktis.
PRODUCTION OF SYNBIOTIC PRODUCT CONTAINING GALACTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES AND SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII AND EVALUATION OF ITS IN-VITRO BIFIDOGENIC EFFECT
Authors: Javed Farah , Ali Zeshan , Iqbal Sanaullah , Ahmed Naveed , Farooq Zubair , Masood Faiza , Nawaz Muhammad
Published: October 2020

The galacto-oligosaccharides and Saccharomyces boulardii are very useful for the intestinal microbiota. The yeast acts as probiotic and used for the reduction of monosaccharides from GOS mixture. The present study was concerned with the production of synbiotic product from GOS and S. boulardii through transgalactosylation process. The GOS was produced from β-galactosidase (156 U/1 ml of lactose solution) of Kluyveromyces lactis using lactose (250g/L) as substrate at 37ºC. The GOS mixture was analyzed through thin layer chromatography and megazyme kit. The maximum production of GOS occurs after 5 hr at 37ºC with phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). The GOS mixture was treated with probiotic S. boulardii. The monosaccharides were reduced at 37ºC after 4 hrs using 300µl yeast/5 ml GOS mixture. Then synbiotic product was formed and undergoes lyophilization procedure. The total yeast count was 3.9 × 104CFU/g in lyophilized product. The in vitro bifidogenic effect was determined. Bifidobacterium shows more positive effect towards prebiotic and combined effect of prebiotic and probiotic as compared to Lactobacillus.
OPTIMIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT EXTRACTION FROM KALUMPIT (TERMINALIA MICROCARPA DECNE) FRUITS
Authors: Santiago Dennis Marvin Opeña , Zubia Claire Solis , Duque Sheba Mae , Pacia Shekayna Eunice
Published: October 2020

The effects of extraction parameters, including temperature (25 – 80 °C), time (30 – 90 min), solvent to sample (S/S) ratio (10 – 50 mL g-1), initial pH (3 - 8) and ethanol concentration (20 – 100%), on the % 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of kalumpit were screened and optimized using 2-level factorial design and Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiments. Temperature, S/S ratio, and ethanol concentration exhibited significant effects on the % DPPH radical scavenging activity of kalumpit extract. Response surface models developed for % DPPH and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of kalumpit fruit extract adequately fit and were used to determine the optimum extraction conditions. A desirability function approach determined the optimum conditions for solvent extraction of antioxidants at 80.0 °C, 10 mL g-1 S/S, and 51.66% ethanol concentration. This resulted in a maximum desirability value of 0.977 and predicted % DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 66.63 and 82.14, respectively. Validation of the adequacy of the predictive models showed no significant difference between experimental data and predicted values (p > 0.05), indicating that the models developed were adequate in describing the relationship between factors and responses.
Polarisierung im Social Web und der intervenierende Effekt von Bildung
Authors: Hagen Lutz , In der Au Anne-Marie , Wieland Mareike
Published: October 2020

Für viele westliche Demokratien wird in den letzten Jahren eine zunehmende Polarisierung der öffentlichen politischen Diskurse und des Parteienspektrums diagnostiziert. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir aktuelle Befunde zur themenspezifischen Polarisierung in Deutschland vor, die wir als Begleiterscheinung des Social Webs interpretieren. Auf der Grundlage der theoretisch plausiblen Vermutung, dass Selektions- und Vernetzungsalgorithmen tatsächlich die Polarisierung von Meinungen zu politischen Themen begünstigen, formulieren wir unsere forschungsleitende Hypothese: "Je stärker Personen Soziale Online-Netzwerke zur Information über politische Themen nutzen, umso stärker werden dadurch ihre politischen Urteile polarisiert." Diese Hypothese wird am Beispiel des Urteils untersucht, das Internetnutzer aus Deutschland zur Migrationspolitik Angela Merkels äußern. Aufgrund der spärlichen empirischen Forschung zu den Bedingungen von Polarisierung durch Medien, untersuchen wir explorativ die intervenierenden Effekte verschiedener Variablen z, die als Determinanten der orientierenden Mediennutzung bekanntermaßen eine Rolle spielen.
Humor und Stereotype in Memes
Authors: Moebius Simon
Published: October 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das gleichzeitige Auftreten von Humor und Stereotypen in Memes thematisiert. Dabei wird von der These ausgegangen, dass sich sowohl humoristische Elemente als auch Stereotype gut für die Verwendung in Memes eignen, da sie deren Wiedererkennungswert steigern. Anhand einer qualitativen Bildanalyse nach der dokumentarischen Methode wurden dafür zwei Memes untersucht und der Fokus dabei auf die Verbindung von bildlichen und textualen Elementen gelegt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass den Stereotypen, wenn sie humoristisch aufgegriffen werden, eine hoch ambivalente und vielschichtige Bedeutung zukommt. Durch Inkongruenzen, Hyperbolisierung, Umkehrungen und Kontrastierungen können Stereotype so teils unterlaufen, teils aber auch verstärkt werden.
What's your pace?
Authors: Frischling Barbara
Published: October 2020

Welche Vorstellungen über Körper sind digitalen Selbstvermessungsinstrumenten eingeschrieben und wie wird dieses Wissen in den Alltagspraktiken von Nutzer_innen angewandt? Neben diesem Fokus auf das Forschen über den Umgang mit digitalen Fitness-Tracking-Apps und Devices soll dieser Beitrag auch das Forschen mit diesen thematisieren. Dies meint zum einen meine eigene Nutzung von digitalen Selbstvermessungs-Instrumenten sowie meine Erfahrung als „laufende“ Forscherin. In diesem Sinne thematisiert der Beitrag die verschiedenen Bedeutungsebenen von kulturanthropologischer Wissensproduktion über ein Feld, in dessen Mittelpunkt wiederum die Wissensproduktion über den eigenen Alltag zentral ist. Der Zugang kann zudem als „hacking“ im Sinne des Auslotens der Möglichkeiten ethnographischer Forschung verstanden werden. Dieser Zugang und seine Relevanz ergeben sich durch zwei einander überlappende Charakteristika des Forschungsfeldes. Zum einen lässt sich die Omnipräsenz und ein Heranrücken an den Körper von mobilen digitalen Geräten im Alltag nennen, zum anderen die zentrale Stellung des Körpers als zu Vermessendes für das Forschungsfeld. Anhand von Beispielen aus meiner Forschung zum Umgang mit digitalen Fitness-Tracking-Apps und -Devices, im Rahmen derer ein Selbstversuch, Interviews und Beobachtungen durchgeführt wurden (bzw. werden), zielt der Beitrag darauf ab, die beiden Ebenen des „Forschens über“ und des „Forschens mit“ zusammenzuführen. Somit wird die Verwobenheit von Feldforscherin, Forschungsprozess und Forschungsfeld expliziert.
Development of a highly sensitive HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of eight biogenic amines in aquatic products
Authors: Fu Qinyi , Zheng Hongwei , Han Xiangning , Cao Limin , Sui Jianxin
Published: October 2020

A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight biogenic amines in aquatic products. The biogenic amines in the sample were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid, derived with dansyl chloride (Dns-Cl) and quantified by a UV detector. The results showed that tryptamine (TRY), 2-phenethylamine (PHE), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), histamine (HIS), tyramine (TPY), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) were effectively separated in 18 min in the range of 0.1–50 mg/kg with a good linear coefficient (r2 > 0.999). The detection limits (LODs) of the eight biogenic amines were 0.007–0.021 mg/kg while the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.024–0.069 mg/kg with the recoveries basically between 68 and 123%. The determination of eight biogenic amines in five commercial fermented aquatic products indicating that the developed method could be applied for the simultaneous detection of biogenic amines in multiple aquatic products.
Materialidad pionera. Experimentación material en la arquitectura doméstica de A. Lawrence Kocher
Authors: Pancorbo Luis , Martín-Robles Inés
Published: October 2020

Este texto estudia tres experimentos arquitectónicos realizados por el arquitecto norteamericano A. Lawrence Kocher, individualmente o asociado con Albert Frey durante los años treinta del siglo XX. Basadas en la innovación material en los procesos constructivos, estos experimentos domésticos fueron promovidos por diferentes fabricantes de materiales industriales para estudiar su posible aplicación en el ámbito de la arquitectura: aluminio en la Aluminaire House, textiles en la Canvas Weekend House y madera contrachapada en la House of Plywood. Estas casas fueron pioneras en convertir la vivienda unifamiliar en un laboratorio en el que experimentar productos provenientes de industrias no vinculadas tradicionalmente a la tecnología constructiva. El posterior traslado de Frey a la Costa Oeste pudo resultar el germen de un nuevo capítulo de experimentación material en la arquitectura residencial californiana.
ACCIONES REVOLUCIONARIAS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: PUNO Y EL ALTO PERÚ DURANTE EL PROCESO DE INDEPENDENCIA (1809 – 1825)
Authors: Huanca-Arohuanca Jesús Wiliam , Pilco Contreras Nestor
Published: October 2020

Próximo a cumplir los 200 años de historia republicana, conviene recordar algunos sucesos de las disputas por la independencia entre patriotas-peruanos y realistas-españoles. El artículo pretende, entonces, describir el proceso de independencia iniciado en 1809 y consolidado en Ayacucho de 1824 bajo la relación militar, política y económica entre Puno y el Alto Perú. Conforme a un enfoque cualitativo-historiográfico de análisis documental se rastreó las fuentes primarias en el Archivo Regional de Puno (ARP) y el Archivo General de la Nación Argentina (AGNA), complementado con las fuentes secundarias. Los resultados develaron que, formadas las juntas de gobierno en Chuquisaca y La Paz ante la crisis de la monarquía española, el gobierno virreinal del Perú organizó una expedición militar al mando de José Manuel de Goyeneche, quien, con el apoyo de los caciques de Cusco y Azángaro ocupó el Alto Perú derrotando a las fuerzas revolucionarias, antes que el contingente militar enviado desde Buenos Aires arribara a su destino. En conclusión, aquellos sucesos demandaron gran cantidad de reclutas indígenas para el ejército realista, que ocasionó las migraciones y el descenso demográfico de la población puneña, anfitriona de múltiples batallas por la autonomía y la libertad.