bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of cruise ship dinescape on travellers’ behaviour
Authors: Björk Peter , Kauppinen-Räisänen Hannele , Sthapit Erose
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine how cruise ship dinescapes, as a specific type of organized and staged service environment, influence customers’ attitudes, on-board behaviour, satisfaction and behavioural intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected using a cross-sectional survey from 552 passengers on-board one of the big cruise ships with a Caribbean itinerary.

Findings

Cruise ship dinescape, as an on-board food experience platform, is built on three dimensions: restaurant atmospherics, interactions with other guests and restaurant staff. The findings show how these dimensions influence passengers’ emotional experiences and quality perceptions. The results also show how travellers’ cruise ship dinescape satisfaction affect their overall vacation satisfaction and future travel behaviour.

Practical implications

The findings imply that cruise companies should pay extra attention to organised food service environments like dinescapes staged for passengers. Through these scapes cruise companies may provide favourable platforms enabling dining satisfaction, but also social interaction and co-creation of memorable experiences.

Originality/value

This study builds a comprehensive model in cruise ship context, which links dinescape experiences to overall cruise ship dining experiences and dining behaviour mediated by emotional and perceived quality outcomes with further consequences.
Unethical pro-family behavior: a literature review and implications for managers
Authors: Mishra Madhurima , Dharmani Pranav
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to synthesize the developing body of literature on unethical pro-family behavior (UPFB) and formulate a theoretical framework. It also discusses implications for managers on how to reduce the occurrence of unethical pro-family behavior in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws on peer-reviewed research papers published in the realm of unethical pro-family behavior.

Findings

The theoretical framework presented in this study lists the factors that are known to motivate employees to engage in unethical pro-family behavior. The framework also details the deterrents of unethical pro-family behavior.

Originality/value

This study is probably the first to integrate the emerging body of research on UPFB. The framework developed in this study is also relevant for practicing managers as it enlightens them about the enablers and inhibitors of unethical pro-family behavior in the workplace.
Risk management research in East Asia: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Lili , Ling Jie , Lin Mingwei
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of risk management in East Asia from 1998 to 2021 by using bibliometric methods and tools to explore research trends, hotspots, and directions for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

The data source for this paper is the Web of Science Core Collection, and 7,154 publications and related information have been derived. We use recognized bibliometric indicators to evaluate publications and visually analyze them through scientific mapping tools (VOS Viewer and CiteSpace).

Findings

The analysis results show that China is the most productive and influential country/region. East Asia countries have strong cooperation with each other and also have cooperation with other countries. The study shows that risk management has been involved in various fields such as credit, supply chain, health emergency and disaster especially in the background of COVID-19. We also found that machine learning, especially deep learning, has been playing an increasingly important role in risk management due to its excellent performance.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on studying risk management in East Asia, exploring its publication's fundamental information, citation and cooperation networks, hotspots, and research trends. It provides some reference value for scholars who are interested or further research in this field.
The interplay between framing effects, cognitive biases, and learning styles in online purchasing decision: lessons for Iranian enterprising communities
Authors: Emami Amir , Taheri Zeinab , Zuferi Rasim
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the interactive relationship between learning styles and cognitive biases as two essential factors affecting information processing in online purchases.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is applied in nature but extends the knowledge in the area of consumer behavior. By using the correlational research method, the present study uncovers the relationship between various sorts of decision biases and learning styles among online buyers.

Findings

According to the results, the most affected learning style among all is reflective observation. Several biases influence people with this learning style, namely, risky framing, attribute framing and aggregated/segregated framing. In the case of active experimentation, online customers can undo its effect. Therefore, online sellers should be aware of their target customers with such a learning style. In addition, online purchasers with the reflective observation learning style are more prone to aggregation and segregation of sales information.

Originality/value

The findings enhance the understanding of consumer buying behavior and the extent to which learning styles impact cognitive biases and framing effects in online shopping.
Positioning in SMEs: entrepreneurs’ perceptions and strategies
Authors: Fluhrer Peter , Brahm Taiga
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The concept of positioning is fundamental to how a company approaches and succeeds in a market. Despite a growing body of literature on positioning, existing research has focused mainly on larger companies and brands. This paper aims to apply the concept of positioning to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) companies to explore how SME entrepreneurs understand and approach the positioning of their company, and what differences exist compared to large companies and brands.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative research approach, this study is based on focus groups involving 13 SME entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed using a qualitative structuring content analysis, which resulted in a newly developed and empirically based typology of SME positioning strategies.

Findings

The results indicate that SME entrepreneurs view positioning as highly relevant but differ from larger companies in terms of market and brand orientation. Building on the interviews, an empirical matrix of four positioning strategies was developed which SME entrepreneurs typically use: specialization, differentiation, conviction and opposition.

Practical implications

Based on the developed positioning typology, this study proposes a two-step approach for SME entrepreneurs: gaining clarity on the basic positioning dimensions and exploring four strategic fields of action.

Originality/value

Overall, the findings contribute to a better understanding of SME entrepreneurs' positioning strategies as important building blocks for market and brand success. The new positioning typology provides a conceptual contribution for further research in the marketing/entrepreneurship interface.
Humanising care in a forensic mental health ward through creative writing workshops for staff and residents: a case study
Authors: Chatterjee Paula , Turri Maria Grazia
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Service users’ voice is at the forefront of movements within psychiatry that look to create more humanising care. Although genuine co-production of knowledge is limited by the power differential intrinsically functional to the health care setting, the arts have the potential to create collaborative environments and equalise relationships. The purpose of this case study is to describe and discuss the design and pilot evaluation of creative writing workshops in a forensic mental health ward as an innovative method for humanising care.

Design/methodology/approach

A creative writing intervention focussing on everyday experiences was implemented in a forensic mental health ward and involved four residents and four mental health professionals working together. Interviews were conducted with the four mental health professionals as part of a service evaluation. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

Two themes emerged from the analysis of interviews with mental health professionals: “a new way of learning about each other” and “imagining beyond the staff-resident relationship”. The authors discuss the intervention’s benefits in terms of its potential to foster mutuality and empathy beyond the illness narrative.

Practical implications

Creative writing can be used to engage patients and mental health professionals to jointly share everyday experiences and identities beyond illness.

Originality/value

The creative writing workshops present an innovative approach concerning the use of creative arts for humanising care through mutuality.
Explaining consumer–brand forgiveness through the lens of narcissism
Authors: Siamagka Nikoletta-Theofania
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of two types of narcissism (rivalry and admiration) on consumer–brand forgiveness (CBF) following a brand transgression. This research also examines how narcissism interacts with transgression type to shape forgiveness intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through an online survey of 634 UK consumers, focussing on two different types of transgressions (public vs private). The formulated hypotheses were tested through moderated mediation analysis.

Findings

The results highlight that only narcissistic rivalry (and not admiration) moderates the relationship between transgression type and blame attributions. Although the type of transgression seems to affect CBF, forgiveness levels do not vary across the two transgression types. Finally, as expected, blame attributions shape forgiveness intentions.

Practical implications

The results of this research highlight that blame attributions are affected by the type of narcissism. Thus, identifying the type of narcissism will allow brands to allocate their resources more effectively in order to design recovery strategies that would promote CBF and restore brand trust.

Originality/value

The paper responds to calls for a better understanding of forgiveness through the use of personality traits and focusses on two dimensions of narcissism. This paper also uses a novel transgression typology, which is objective in nature. The results illustrate that narcissism has a differential role in shaping blame attributions and CBF.
Horizontal and vertical responsibilisation in the resettlement field
Authors: Cracknell Matthew
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014 extended post-release supervision to individuals serving short prison sentences while introducing an extended array of actors into the resettlement field. This paper aims to explore the barriers that prison practitioners and community probation workers faced in their attempts to provide resettlement support, and how in response to these barriers, these practitioners enacted particular responsibilisation strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical research features the perspectives of 19 prison, probation and third-sector actors within a case-study area in England. Qualitative interviews were carried out, alongside observations and field notes of daily practice.

Findings

Findings indicate that despite the promise of additional support, practitioners face significant barriers inhibiting their ability to provide effective resettlement assistance. The three specific barriers identified are institutional, temporal and political-economic. In response, practitioners enacted particular responsibilisation strategies, shifting blame vertically down to service users and horizontally towards the other actors involved in managing these individuals.

Practical implications

This article concludes with a brief overview of the latest iteration of resettlement practice, before exploring how a desistance-focused approach by practitioners may improve resettlement outcomes.

Originality/value

These findings help to expand our understanding of the responsibilisation literature, particularly how responsibilisation operates at a practitioner level, and how barriers become refracted and reframed into responsibilisation strategies. This article also draws on the “mass supervision” literature to demonstrate how the introduction of multiple agencies obfuscates individual responsibility for resettlement and large caseloads erode supervisory practice.
Chemical composition, chemotypic characterization, and histochemical localization of volatile components in different cultivars of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaves
Authors: Xu Shengnan , Yu Li , Hou Yuping , Huang Bo , Wang Hong , Li Dengwu , Wang Dongmei
Published: February 2023

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., an important spice plant, is rich in volatile components and has formed several cultivars in China. Genetic variation among different cultivars has significant effects on volatile components. In this study, a total of 52 volatile compounds were detected from 11 cultivars of Z. bungeanum, among which palmitic acid, (+)‐limonene, phytol, β‐caryophyllene, and terpinyl acetate were screened as characteristic compounds, with palmitic acid and phytol contributing the most to the volatile composition. Combined with the results of chemometric and content analyses, three Z. bungeanum chemotypes were identified: (+)‐limonene, β‐caryophyllene + terpinyl acetate, and palmitic acid + phytol. In addition, the dynamics of the accumulation of its main components were explored, and the optimal harvest period for Z. bungeanum leaves (late July or early August) was clarified. Moreover, histochemical analysis results showed that terpenoids were mainly accumulated in the oil cells of Z. bungeanum leaves, and there were some differences in the number of oil cells in different chemotypes of Z. bungeanum, which might affect the yield and quality of volatile components. The results showed that the differences of chemical composition among diverse chemotypes of Z. bungeanum might be an important factor leading to the quality differences of the same planting resources. Accordingly, the study on the classification of Z. bungeanum chemotypes and the accumulation patterns of major chemical components is of great theoretical significance and practical value as a favorable guarantee for the development and utilization of Z. bungeanum resources and quality control.
Scientific novelty beyond the experiment
Authors: Hallsworth John E. , Udaondo Zulema , Pedrós‐Alió Carlos , Höfer Juan , Benison Kathleen C. , Lloyd Karen G. , Cordero Radamés J. B. , de Campos Claudia B. L. , Yakimov Michail M. , Amils Ricardo
Published: February 2023

Practical experiments drive important scientific discoveries in biology, but theory‐based research studies also contribute novel—sometimes paradigm‐changing—findings. Here, we appraise the roles of theory‐based approaches focusing on the experiment‐dominated wet‐biology research areas of microbial growth and survival, cell physiology, host–pathogen interactions, and competitive or symbiotic interactions. Additional examples relate to analyses of genome‐sequence data, climate change and planetary health, habitability, and astrobiology. We assess the importance of thought at each step of the research process; the roles of natural philosophy, and inconsistencies in logic and language, as drivers of scientific progress; the value of thought experiments; the use and limitations of artificial intelligence technologies, including their potential for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research; and other instances when theory is the most‐direct and most‐scientifically robust route to scientific novelty including the development of techniques for practical experimentation or fieldwork. We highlight the intrinsic need for human engagement in scientific innovation, an issue pertinent to the ongoing controversy over papers authored using/authored by artificial intelligence (such as the large language model/chatbot ChatGPT). Other issues discussed are the way in which aspects of language can bias thinking towards the spatial rather than the temporal (and how this biased thinking can lead to skewed scientific terminology); receptivity to research that is non‐mainstream; and the importance of theory‐based science in education and epistemology. Whereas we briefly highlight classic works (those by Oakes Ames, Francis H.C. Crick and James D. Watson, Charles R. Darwin, Albert Einstein, James E. Lovelock, Lynn Margulis, Gilbert Ryle, Erwin R.J.A. Schrödinger, Alan M. Turing, and others), the focus is on microbiology studies that are more‐recent, discussing these in the context of the scientific process and the types of scientific novelty that they represent. These include several studies carried out during the 2020 to 2022 lockdowns of the COVID‐19 pandemic when access to research laboratories was disallowed (or limited). We interviewed the authors of some of the featured microbiology‐related papers and—although we ourselves are involved in laboratory experiments and practical fieldwork—also drew from our own research experiences showing that such studies can not only produce new scientific findings but can also transcend barriers between disciplines, act counter to scientific reductionism, integrate biological data across different timescales and levels of complexity, and circumvent constraints imposed by practical techniques. In relation to urgent research needs, we believe that climate change and other global challenges may require approaches beyond the experiment.
The WZA: A window‐based method for characterizing genotype–environment associations
Authors: Booker Tom R. , Yeaman Sam , Whiting James R. , Whitlock Michael C.
Published: February 2023

Genotype–environment association (GEA) studies have the potential to identify the genetic basis of local adaptation in natural populations. Specifically, GEA approaches look for a correlation between allele frequencies and putatively selective features of the environment. Genetic markers with extreme evidence of correlation with the environment are presumed to be tagging the location of alleles that contribute to local adaptation. In this study, we propose a new method for GEA studies called the Weighted‐Z Analysis (WZA) that combines information from closely linked sites into analysis windows in a way that was inspired by methods for calculating FST. Performing GEA methods in analysis windows has the advantage that it takes advantage of the increased linkage disequilibrium expected surrounding sites subject to local adaptation. We analyse simulations modelling local adaptation to heterogeneous environments to compare the WZA with existing methods. In the majority of cases we tested, the WZA either outperformed single‐SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)‐based approaches or performed similarly. In particular, the WZA outperformed individual SNP approaches when a small number of individuals or demes were sampled. Particularly troubling, we found that some GEA methods exhibit very high false positive rates. We applied the WZA to previously published data from lodgepole pine and identified candidate loci that were identified in the original study alongside numerous loci that were not found in the original study.
Hawks in the making? European public views on nuclear weaponspost‐Ukraine
Authors: Onderco Michal , Smetana Michal , Etienne Tom W.
Published: February 2023

In the past, the European public has not been enthusiastic about nuclear deterrence and the stationing of US American nuclear weapons in Europe. Has the Russian invasion of Ukraine changed that aversion? We conducted a unique study, surveying the same population of respondents at two points in time—in September 2020 and in June 2022. We find that European respondents became much more hawkish after the invasion: nuclear deterrence was viewed more favourably, the willingness to use nuclear weapons increased, and support for the withdrawal of nuclear weapons dropped significantly. The paper draws a number of policy implications from these results.
Machine learning and deep learning—A review for ecologists
Authors: Pichler Maximilian , Hartig Florian
Published: February 2023

The popularity of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) has risen sharply in recent years. Despite this spike in popularity, the inner workings of ML and DL algorithms are often perceived as opaque, and their relationship to classical data analysis tools remains debated.

Although it is often assumed that ML and DL excel primarily at making predictions, ML and DL can also be used for analytical tasks traditionally addressed with statistical models. Moreover, most recent discussions and reviews on ML focus mainly on DL, failing to synthesise the wealth of ML algorithms with different advantages and general principles.

Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the field of ML and DL, starting by summarizing its historical developments, existing algorithm families, differences to traditional statistical tools, and universal ML principles. We then discuss why and when ML and DL models excel at prediction tasks and where they could offer alternatives to traditional statistical methods for inference, highlighting current and emerging applications for ecological problems. Finally, we summarize emerging trends such as scientific and causal ML, explainable AI, and responsible AI that may significantly impact ecological data analysis in the future.

We conclude that ML and DL are powerful new tools for predictive modelling and data analysis. The superior performance of ML and DL algorithms compared to statistical models can be explained by their higher flexibility and automatic data‐dependent complexity optimization. However, their use for causal inference is still disputed as the focus of ML and DL methods on predictions creates challenges for the interpretation of these models. Nevertheless, we expect ML and DL to become an indispensable tool in ecology and evolution, comparable to other traditional statistical tools.
Counting in the dark: estimating population size and trends of bat assemblages at hibernacula using infrared light barriers
Authors: Krivek G. , Mahecha E. P. N. , Meier F. , Kerth G. , van Schaik J.
Published: February 2023

Accurate population estimates are crucial to developing successful conservation policy, but the underlying data remain difficult to collect for many taxa. This is especially true for elusive species, such as temperate‐zone bats, where visual counts in hibernacula underestimate their population to an unknown extent. Infrared light barriers that count all entering and exiting bats at the entrance of a hibernaculum could offer a more accurate alternative for bat population monitoring. We used infrared video recordings to quantify light barrier accuracy (i.e., concordance between light barrier and video registration of entries and exits) at five hibernacula over 30 weeks during autumn and spring. Subsequently, we developed a standardized methodology to estimate light barrier‐based population sizes based on the number of emerging bats in spring, and compared these estimates to visual counts at 12 sites. Finally, we calculated confidence intervals around the estimated population sizes, and used these to evaluate population trends using 6‐year‐long light barrier datasets from four sites. Light barrier accuracy varied based on the model and precise location of the installation, with the best combination achieving near‐perfect accuracy across the entire emergence phase. When compared to the resulting light barrier‐based population estimates, winter hibernation counts markedly underestimated population totals, recovering less than 10% of the bats at the most complex sites. Moreover, light barrier‐based population trends showed regional patterns of growth and decline, which were not evident in the visual counts. This study demonstrates that light barriers can estimate the population size and trends of bat assemblages with unprecedented accuracy, even at large, complex, or inaccessible hibernacula that cannot be precisely assessed with visual hibernation counts. Installing light barriers at a representative network of sites, where their installation does not require large‐scale entrance modifications, has the potential to revolutionize bat monitoring and contribute to data‐driven conservation.
Key performance indicators for improving outcomes from retroperitoneal sarcoma surgery in New Zealand
Authors: Russell Michael , Burnett Tristan , Mackay Georgia , Cranshaw Isaac
Published: February 2023

Background

Retroperitoneal sarcomas are a rare and heterogenous group of tumours. There is increasing evidence that high volume sarcoma units achieve superior outcomes than low volume units. Due to the relatively small population, New Zealand is unlikely to generate a sufficient case volume to be considered high volume. To our knowledge, no well‐established key performance indicators (KPIs) exist for retroperitoneal sarcoma surgery. In order to ensure quality standards we aim to propose KPIs which will act as a benchmark and a target for future quality improvement.

Methods

Potential KPIs were generated by internal discussion within the sarcoma team, taking into consideration available guidelines and evidence. Cases treated through the unit since 2015 were audited to determine historical performance against these KPIs.

Results

Eighty‐six patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas were identified. 69% of patients were discussed at the sarcoma MDM prior to treatment, 62% underwent preoperative core biopsy. 82% of patients were seen and treated within target timeframes set by the Ministry of Health. 53% of patients underwent surgery with a sarcoma trained surgeon. R0/R1 rate was 88%. 90‐day mortality was 4.6%.

Conclusions

Surgical treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas is complex and can be associated with significant morbidity. The proposed KPIs provide a measure of service performance and provide targets for quality improvement.
The role of repeated imaging in detecting complications in the post‐operative period following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Masuda Hiro , Kotecha Krishna , Maitra Rudra , Maher Richard , Mittal Anubhav , Samra Jaswinder S.
Published: February 2023

Background

Post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy haemorrhage is a potentially life‐threatening complication. Delay in the detection and subsequent management of complications contribute significantly to post‐operative mortality and morbidity associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods

All patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy at an Australian‐based tertiary referral center between 2017 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. We identified those patients who suffered a post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy haemorrhage and further analysed those patients who had their post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy haemorrhage identified on repeated CT imaging performed within 24 h of their previous CT scan.

Results

A total of 232 pancreaticoduodenectomies were identified for analysis during the study period, of which 23 patients (9.9%) suffered a post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy haemorrhage. We present four patients who had their post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy haemorrhage identified on repeat CT scan in the setting of a recent (within 24 h) CT scan which showed no evidence of active haemorrhage or pseudoaneurysm formation. All patients received prompt and definitive endovascular management through stent insertion or coil embolization resulting in successful cessation of bleeding. Three patients made an uncomplicated recovery thereafter. Unfortunately, one patient died as a complication of the bleed despite early and definitive endovascular intervention.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the importance of having a low threshold for repeated CT imaging in the post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy setting, particularly when there remains a high index of suspicion clinically for a post‐operative complication, even in the context of previous benign imaging. Given the complexity of pancreaticoduodenectomy, we believe early detection with liberal imaging allows the best chance at successfully managing the morbidity and mortality associated in the post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy setting.
The state of ethical decision‐making research in accounting: A retrospective assessment from 1987 to 2022
Authors: Owusu Godfred Matthew Yaw , Korankye Gabriel
Published: February 2023

This study employs the bibliometric analysis approach to examine research on ethical decision‐making (EDM) of accountants from 1987 to 2022. The study specifically examines the developments in EDM research and evaluates the intellectual structure of the research field. Employing citation, co‐authorship, co‐occurrence and bibliographic coupling analyses, bibliometric data on 908 publications from the Scopus database was analysed. The results indicate that there has been a significant increase in the rate of publication on EDM of accountants following the spate of ethical breaches in the early 2000s. Further, we find that a large proportion of EDM in accounting research originates from developed countries like USA, Australia and UK. Our cluster analysis suggests that two main research streams have evolved over the period. Prior to 2012, researchers in this field mainly focused on individual level issues, particularly, on the determinants of the EDM process of individuals. Research, post 2012, however, has focused on firm‐level EDM issues including organisational ethics, culture, and corporate governance. The study further discusses the themes in detail andproposes a future research agenda.
The reciprocal relationship between social identity and adherence to group norms
Authors: Rathbone Joanne A. , Cruwys Tegan , Stevens Mark , Ferris Laura J. , Reynolds Katherine J.
Published: February 2023

Previous research has focused on how social identification influences people's adherence to group norms, but has rarely considered how norm adherence might in turn influence how strongly people identify with the group. We proposed a reciprocal relationship between social identification and norm adherence that is shaped by the salience of the social identity in question. Drawing on data from a longitudinal field study of young people attending a mass gathering (N = 661, 1239 unique observations), we used cross‐lagged panel modelling across five timepoints to test the reciprocal relationship between social identification with friends and anticipated adherence to perceived drinking norms among friends before (T0), during (T1–T3), and after (T4) the event. Greater social identification at T1 significantly predicted greater norm adherence at T2 which, in turn, predicted greater social identification at T3. These bidirectional effects were only significant during the mass gathering event, when the referent social identity was salient and thus relevant and meaningful in the social context. Findings indicate a complex interplay between social identity and norm adherence that is context dependent and evolves over time. Not only does social identity promote norm adherence but also adherence to those same norms can reinforce a sense of connection to the group.
Review: Crisis responses for children and young people – a systematic review of effectiveness, experiences and service organisation (CAMH‐Crisis)
Authors: Edwards Deborah , Carrier Judith , Csontos Judit , Evans Nicola , Elliott Mair , Gillen Elizabeth , Hannigan Ben , Lane Rhiannon , Williams Liz
Published: February 2023

Background

In England, one in six children aged 5–19 has a probable diagnosable mental health disorder. This is a major public health problem, with multiple agencies adopting varying approaches to care delivery for children and young people (CYP) in crisis.

Objectives

To examine the organisation of crisis services across education, health, social care and voluntary sectors; the experiences and perceptions of CYP, families and staff; the effectiveness of current approaches to care and the goals of crisis intervention.

Methods

A systematic review of all relevant English language evidence regarding the provision and receipt of crisis support for CYP aged 5–25 (PROSPERO‐CRD42019160134). Seventeen databases were searched from 1995 to 2021 and relevant UK‐only grey literature was identified. Critical appraisal was conducted using appropriate design specific appraisal tools. A narrative approach to synthesis was conducted.

Results

In total, 138 reports (48 reports covering 42 primary research studies; 36 reports covering 39 descriptive accounts of the organisation services and 54 UK‐only grey literature reports) were included. The evidence suggests that crisis services were organised as follows: triage/assessment‐only, digitally mediated support approaches, and intervention approaches and models. When looking at experiences of crisis care, four themes were identified: (a) barriers and facilitators to seeking and accessing appropriate support; (b) what children and young people want from crisis services; (c) children's, young people's and families' experiences of crisis services; and (d) service provision. In determining effectiveness, the findings are summarised by type of service and were generated from single heterogenous studies. The goals of crisis services were identified.

Discussion

Despite a lack of high‐quality international studies, findings suggest that support prior to reaching crisis point is important. From this work, various aspects of crisis care have been identified that can be incorporated into existing services across education, health, social care and the voluntary sector.
A legal assessment of private land conservation in South America
Authors: López de la Lama Rocío , Bennett Nathan , Bulkan Janette , Boyd David , Chan Kai M. A.
Published: February 2023

Privately protected areas (PPAs) are a potentially innovative conservation tool. Legal recognition is necessary for their success, especially where there are institutional challenges to nature conservation, such as in South America. Although PPAs have increased in South America since the early 2000s, there is a critical information gap pertaining to their legal frameworks. We analyzed the level of landowner commitment to and governmental support for PPAs across countries in South America that officially recognize PPAs. We analyzed the legal framework governing PPAs and reviewed literature on them. This process was done in English and Spanish. The information we gathered was validated by 16 conservation experts from 10 South American countries. Because Peru is 1 of only 2 South American countries where local communities create and manage PPAs, we studied Peruvian PPAs in more detail by examining official creation documents and interviewing 13 local conservation professionals. We found inadequate minimum duration of PPAs and vague guidelines for conducting economic activities within them and a lack of governmental support (e.g., financial and technical support) for PPAs. Support was limited to the exemption from rural property taxes, which are relatively low compared with countries outside South America. In Peru, PPAs run by individuals and communities needed different legal frameworks because they were created with different objectives and had different sizes and duration of commitments. The prompt improvement of legal frameworks across South America is necessary for PPAs to achieve their aim of being places for enduring nature conservation in the region.
Structural characterisation and coloration of ligno‐cellulose and protein fibre‐blended structures
Authors: Bhowmick Manik , Basak Santanu
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the structures produced by blending ligno‐cellulosic (ramie fibre, Boehmeria nivea L.) and protein fibres (mulberry silk, Bombyx Mori) with dissimilar mechanical properties. Ramie fibre, used for blending, is a ligno‐cellulosic fibre with very high tenacity but low elongation. On the other hand, silk (mulberry) fibre has lower tenacity with better elongation. Blended fibrous structures have shown satisfactory tensile strength and elongation, while other physical properties, such as coefficient of friction, brightness and flexural rigidity, have also been improved. Technical findings revealed that the coefficient of friction reduced from 0.79 to 0.48 and specific work of rupture improved from 2.3 to 3.43 mJ/tex after incorporation of silk in the ligno‐cellulosic fibre strand. Blended yarn cross‐sectional images showed that finer silk fibres came to the surface, whereas the comparatively coarser cellulose‐based ramie fibre migrated to the core. Atomic force microscopy of the blend structure was examined to assess the roughness and uniformity of the surface. Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy analysis verified the presence of amide groups (associated with silk fibre) and glucose ring groups (associated with the cellulose of Ramie fibre) in the same graph. In addition, innovative techniques of simultaneous coloration of the developed blends are also proposed scientifically.
Low glutaminase and glycolysis correlate with a high transdifferentiation efficiency in mouse cortex
Authors: Li Yuan , Yang Tingting , Cheng Yingying , Hou Jinfei , Liu Zhaoming , Zhao Yu , Chen Shiyu , Qin Zhaohui , Wang Chenchen , Song Weining , Ge Haofei , Li Changpeng , Liang Lining , Guo Lin , Sun Hao , Wu Lin‐Ping , Zheng Hui
Published: February 2023

Both exogenous transcriptional factors and chemical‐defined medium can transdifferentiate astrocytes into functional neurons. However, the regional preference for such transdifferentiation has not been fully studied. A previously reported 5C medium was infused into the mouse cortex and striatum to determine the regional preference for transdifferentiation from astrocytes to neurons. The numbers of NeuN+GFAP+EdU+ cells (intermediates) and NeuN+EdU+ cells (end products) were determined by immunofluorescence to explore the regional preference of transdifferentiation. In addition, to optimize the delivery of the transdifferentiation medium, three key growth factors, insulin, bFGF and transferrin, were loaded onto chitosan nanoparticles, mixed with gelatin methacryloyl and tested in animals with motor cortex injury. A higher transdifferentiation efficiency was identified in the mouse cortex. Differences in cellular respiration and the balance between glutaminase (Gls) and glutamine synthetase were confirmed to be key regulators. In addition, the sustained drug release system induced transdifferentiation of cortex astrocytes both in vivo and in vitro, and partially facilitated the behaviour recovery of mice with motor cortex injury. We also applied this method in pigs and obtained consistent results. In summary, low Gls and glycolysis can be used to predict high transdifferentiation efficiency, which may be useful to identify better indications for the current transdifferentiation system. In addition, the current drug delivery system has the potential to treat diseases related to cortex injuries.
Critical interactions between race and the highly granular area deprivation index in liver transplant evaluation
Authors: Strauss Alexandra T. , Moughames Eric , Jackson John W. , Malinsky Daniel , Segev Dorry L. , Hamilton James P. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline , Gurakar Ahmet , Cameron Andrew , Dean Lorraine , Klein Eili , Levin Scott , Purnell Tanjala S.
Published: February 2023

Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation may have important implications on disparities in liver transplant (LT) evaluation. In this retrospective cohort study, we constructed a novel dataset by linking individual patient‐level data with the highly granular Area Deprivation Index (ADI), which is advantageous over other neighborhood measures due to: specificity of Census Block‐Group (versus Census Tract, Zip code), scoring, and robust variables. Our cohort included 1377 adults referred to our center for LT evaluation 8/1/2016‐12/31/2019. Using modified Poisson regression, we tested for effect measure modification of the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and LT evaluation outcomes (listing, initiating evaluation, and death) by race and ethnicity. Compared to patients with high nSES, those with low nSES were at higher risk of not being listed (aRR = 1.14; 95%CI 1.05–1.22; p < .001), of not initiating evaluation post‐referral (aRR = 1.20; 95%CI 1.01–1.42; p = .03) and of dying without initiating evaluation (aRR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.09–2.2; p = .01). While White patients with low nSES had similar rates of listing compared to White patients with high nSES (aRR = 1.06; 95%CI .96–1.17; p = .25), Underrepresented patients from neighborhoods with low nSES incurred 31% higher risk of not being listed compared to Underrepresented patients from neighborhoods with high nSES (aRR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.12–1.5; p < .001). Interventions addressing neighborhood deprivation may not only benefit patients with low nSES but may address racial and ethnic inequities.
The impact of fear of hypoglycaemia on sleep in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hitt Talia A. , Hershey Jennifer A. , Olivos‐Stewart Diana , Forth Emily , Stuart Fiona , Garren Patrik , Mitchell Jonathan , Hawkes Colin P. , Willi Steven M. , Gettings Julie M.
Published: February 2023

Aims

Fear of hypoglycaemia (FOH) can contribute to impaired sleep for adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and parents of children with T1D, although it is unknown how FOH may affect sleep for adolescents with T1D. This study examines the relationship between adolescent FOH and sleep and assessed the influences of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and insulin pump use.

Methods

Adolescents ages 14–18 years with T1D completed questionnaires evaluating FOH (Child Hypoglycemia Fear Survey) and sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI). Analyses included linear and logistic regression, t‐tests and Fisher's exact tests.

Results

Participants included 95 adolescents (52 female) with a median (IQR) age of 16.5 (15.3–17.7) years and a T1D duration of 5.7 (2.5–9.6) years. Analyses showed increased FOH‐Worry subscale scores were associated with reduced sleep duration (β = −0.03, p = 0.042, adjusting for BMI z‐score, race and ethnicity) and increased sleep disturbances (OR = 1.1, p = 0.038, adjusting for race and ethnicity). Frequent CGM users had longer sleep duration (average 7.5 h) compared with infrequent or non‐CGM users (average = 6.8 h; p = 0.029), and pump users had overall improved sleep health as determined by PSQI score (p = 0.019). Technology use did not have significant interactions in the relationships between FOH and sleep duration or sleep disturbances.

Conclusions

Worrying about hypoglycaemia was associated with impaired sleep for adolescents with T1D. Diabetes technology users have some sleep improvements, but CGM and pump use do little to alter the relationship between FOH and sleep outcomes.
The importance of targeting multiple risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A post‐hoc study from the CANVAS programme
Authors: Tye SokCin , Oshima Megumi , Arnott Clare , Neuen Brendon L. , Fletcher Robert A. , Neal Bruce , Heerspink Hiddo J. L.
Published: February 2023

Aims

To investigate the extent to which improvements in multiple cardiovascular risk markers are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk participating in the CANVAS programme.

Materials and methods

Clinically relevant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors were defined as a reduction in glycated haemoglobin ≥1.0%, systolic blood pressure ≥10 mmHg, body weight ≥3 kg, urinary‐albumin‐creatinine ratio ≥30%, uric acid ≥0.5 mg/dl, and an increase in haemoglobin of ≥1.0 g/dl from baseline to week 26. Participants were categorized according to the number of improvements in cardiovascular risk markers: zero, one, two, three, or four or more risk marker improvements. The Cox proportional hazard regression adjusted for treatment assignment, demographic variables and laboratory measurements was performed to determine the association between the number of risk marker improvements and risk of a composite cardiovascular, heart failure or kidney outcomes.

Results

We included 9487 (93.5%) participants with available data at baseline and week 26. After week 26, 566 composite cardiovascular, 370 heart failure/cardiovascular death and 153 composite kidney outcomes occurred. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios associated with four or more improvements in risk markers versus no risk marker improvement were 0.67 (95% CI 0.48, 0.92), 0.58 (95% CI 0.39, 0.87) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.25, 0.96) for the three outcomes respectively. We observed a trend of decreased hazard ratios across subgroups of increasing number of risk marker improvements (p for trend = .008, .02 and .047, respectively).

Conclusions

In patients with type 2 diabetes, improvements in multiple risk markers were associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes as compared with no risk marker improvement.
Revealing the drivers of parasite community assembly: using avian haemosporidians to model global dynamics of parasite species turnover
Authors: de Angeli Dutra Daniela , Pinheiro Rafael Barros Pereira , Fecchio Alan , Poulin Robert
Published: February 2023

Why do some regions share more or fewer species than others? Community assembly relies on the ability of individuals to disperse, colonize and thrive in new regions. Therefore, many distinct factors, such as geographic distance and environmental features, can determine the odds of a species colonizing a new environment. For parasites, host community composition (i.e. resources) also plays a key role in their ability to colonize a new environment as they rely on their hosts to complete their life cycle. Thus, variation in host community composition and environmental conditions should determine parasite turnover among regions. Here, we explored the global drivers of parasite turnover using avian malaria and malaria‐like (haemosporidian) parasites. We compiled global databases on avian haemosporidian lineages distributions, environmental conditions, avian species distributions and functional traits, and ran generalized dissimilarity models to uncover the main drivers of parasite turnover. We demonstrated that haemosporidian parasite turnover is mainly driven by geographic distance followed by host functional traits, environmental conditions and host distributions. The main host functional traits associated with high parasite turnover were the predominance of resident (i.e. non‐migratory) species and strong territoriality, while the most important climatic drivers of haemosporidian turnover were mean temperature and temperature seasonality. Overall, we established the importance of geographic distance as a key predictor of ecological dissimilarity and showed that host resources influence parasite turnover more strongly than environmental conditions. We also evidenced that parasite turnover is most pronounced among tropical and less interconnected regions (i.e. regions with mostly territorial and non‐migratory hosts). Our findings provide a robust foundation for the prediction of avian pathogen spread and the emergence of infectious diseases.