bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of objectives for an educational programme to improve consumer knowledge of and attitudes towards nutritional information on food labels
Authors:   , Anderson Diana Jane
Published: July 2021

Much attention has been given to the prevalence of diseases related to over-consumption of food, with nutritional labelling playing an increasingly prominent role in the prevention and reduction of these diseases. The development of technology and the subsequent availability of processed food have greatly contributed to these diseases, and created gaps in both distance and concept between the consumer and the manufacturer. An increasing number of food manufacturers are providing nutritional information regarding their products in order to maintain their position in the market; however, this avalanche of information is outstripping the ability of the consumer to use it effectively or to even comprehend it. This study was undertaken to identify the objectives needed for the formulation of an educational programme concerning the nutritional labelling of food containers.
The isolation and characterization of phytoalexin and constitutive agents from plants for mycotoxin control
Authors:   , Mohanlall Viresh
Published: July 2021

Plant medicine is an important area of commercial activity in South Africa. This is a rapidly expanding market, thus we are evaluating natural and stressinduced compounds (phytoalexins) from plants as agents that may be able to control mycotoxins. Natural compounds from Bridelia micrantha, Warburgia salutaris, Lippia javanica and Scenecio serratuloides and stress-induced compounds (phytoalexins) from Citrus sinensis cv Valencia were screened for antitunqal and antimycotoxic activity by bioautography against a test organism (Cladosporium cladosporoides) and mycotoxin producing fungi (Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus).
Incidence and characterization of Fusarium species in crown rot of bananas
Authors:   , Ramsunder Kumindra Devrajh
Published: July 2021

Fusarium species produce toxic mycotoxins that are known to exert adverse health effects in humans and animals. No attempts have been made to establish mycotoxin-producing capabilities of isolates of Fusarium species from bananas exhibiting symptoms of crown rot. Crown rot is one of the most serious post harvest problems in banana and the disease is caused by different fungal species, principally Fusarium species. Banana, which is of great economic significance in growing countries (i.e. Costa Rica, Cameroon, Ecuador) is seriously affected by crown rot and is a major cause of fruit loss
Klasik Dönem Arap Dilcilerinin Yalan Kavramına İlişkin Tanımlarının Semiyotik Analizi
Authors: ÖNDER Şeyma Gülsüm , YAVUZ Galip
Published: July 2021

Arap dilcileri arasında yalan kavramının tanımı tartışmalıdır. Bu tartışma, üç grup etra-fında cereyan eder. İlk grubu temsil eden cumhûr, yalanın realiteye aykırı haber olduğunu düşünürken ikinci grupta yer alan Nazzâm (ö. 231/845) ve takipçileri, yalanın muhbirin inancına aykırı haber olduğunu savunur. Câhiz (ö. 255/869) ve onu takip edenlerin oluşturduğu son grup ise cumhûr ve Nazzâm’ın görüşünü birleştirerek yalanın hem realite ile örtüşmeyen hem de haber verenin inancına aykırı bildiri olduğu kanaatini taşımaktadır. Bu makalede, yukarıda bahsi geçen üç farklı görüş, öncelikle semiyotik analize tâbi tutul-muş, ardından bunların yalan kavramının mahiyetini tam olarak taşıyıp taşımadıkları tartışılmıştır. Semiyotiğin kurucusu olarak kabul edilen, dil içi ve dil dışı göstergeleri inceleyerek, soyut kavramları birer gösterge olarak ele alan Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), ayrı ayrı işaret ettikleri nesne, yorumlayan türleri ve kullanıldıkları zemin (bağlam) unsurlarını dikkate alarak bir analiz metodu geliştirmiştir. Bu bağlamda, kavram analizine daha uygun olması ve semiyotiğin terimlerini detaylı olarak vermesi nedeniyle Peirce’ün gösterge teorisi, bilimsel bir tahlil metodu olarak tercih edilmiştir. Buna göre çalışmada öncelikle Peirce semiyotiğine dair girişte kısa bir bilgi aktarıldıktan sonra birinci başlıkta Arap dilcilerinin yalan kavramına getirdiği tanımlar verilecektir. Ardından ikinci başlıkta dilcilerin yalan tanımları, semiyotik analize tabi tutularak yalan kavramının mahiyetini taşımada yeterli olup olmadıkları sorusuna cevap aranacaktır.
Analisis Pengembangan Pariwisata Halal di kecamatan Siak
Authors: Syamsuadi Amir , Trisnawati Liza , Elvitaria Luluk
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengembangan destinasi wisata di Kecamatan Siak dalam menunjang program pariwisata halal dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dimana objek dan subjek penelitian melibatkan berbagai unsur, diantaranya: Dinas Pariwisata, Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, Satpol PP dan MUI Kabupaten Siak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan destinasi wisata telah dioptimalkan sebaik mungkin, ditandai dengan promosi berkesinambungan, aksesibilitas yang semakin baik melalui jalinan kerjasama bersama Perkumpulan Pariwisata Halal Indonesia (PPHI) dan Siak Heritage Community (SHC), serta amenitas dan fasilitas pendukung yang diakomodir sejalan hadirnya konsumsi murah, halal dan baik bagi para wisatawan.
Perencanaan Sistem Pengaduan Masyarakat Untuk Tindak Kriminal di Polres Kampar Berbasis Web
Authors: Trisnawati Liza , Putra Rizqi Pernando
Published: July 2021

Polda Kampar merupakan unit pelaksana utama wilayah di bawah Polda Riau. Proses pengaduan pidana di Polres Kampar sebenarnya sudah menggunakan pidana, namun hanya sebatas menggunakan Microsoft Word dan datang langsung ke Polres untuk melakukan pengaduan, hal ini menyebabkan penyimpangan pengelolaan data sehingga petugas dari Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Kepolisian (SPKT) Regional Kampar Polisi kesulitan dalam hal penyimpanan dan pencarian data wartawan serta melayani masyarakat untuk mengadu. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya penindakan pengaduan masyarakat terhadap tindak pidana melalui aplikasi berbasis WEB, sehingga memudahkan masyarakat dan kepolisian itu sendiri dalam penyampaian atau penerimaan informasi, sehingga mudah diakses kapan saja dan dimana saja, tanpa harus datang ke Pos Pelayanan Polres terdekat, memudahkan masyarakat untuk mengadukan masalah tersebut kepada pihak perlindungan. Bahasa yang digunakan dalam pemrograman ini adalah PHP sedangkan databasenya menggunakan MySQL. Aplikasi ini nantinya akan bekerja dengan memberikan pengalaman form pengaduan dilakukan oleh pelapor yang pernah mengalami tindak pidana.
EMOTION AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE POLEMIC BETWEEN REFORMED AND PENTECOSTAL/ CHARISMATIC
Authors: Matalu Muriwali Yanto
Published: July 2021

The relevance of emotions in Christian worship have become an important issue particularly when polemic on this topic emerges between Reformed and Pentecostal/Charismatic Christians. In this paper, I strive to study and analyze the emotions both in history and in recent study to find out the concept and meaning of that term in the hope that this research contributes to both Reformed and Pentecostal/Charismatic toward a better worship in the future. I start with presenting the polemic between Reformed and Pentecostal/Charismatic, then describing the concept and meaning of the emotions in history and in recent research, and finally, making proposals on how emotions to be used in Christian worship.

KEYWORDS: Emotions, history of emotions, Reformed, Pentecostal/Charismatic, Christian worship
BEST PRACTISE PEMANFAATAN RADIO EDUKASI BERBANTUAN MODEL INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA
Authors: BR.P LENA YANTI
Published: July 2021

Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) di masa Pandemi Covid-19, melalui WhatsApp bagi kelas IV tunanetra SLB Negeri Banda Aceh, tidak berlangsung dengan efektif mengingat keterbatasan peserta didik tunanetra. Kondisi indera penglihatan yang tidak berfungsi secara sebagian dan secara keseluruhan mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran, sehingga berimplikasi pada rendahnya hasil belajar memahami materi sumber daya alam. Tujuan dibuatnya best practice ini adalah mendeskripsikan pengalaman penulis memanfaatkan teknologi Portal Rumah Belajar,  melalui fitur Radio Edukasi  (RE) dalam penerapannya dibantu oleh model inkuiri untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Pemanfaatan radio edukasi sangat sesuai dengan karakteristik anak tunanetra, dapat diakses secara online maupun offline. Materi dengan mudah dapat diulang berkali-kali dalam keadaan bagaimana pun.  Dengan bantuan model inkuiri proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  terjadi  peningkatan ketuntasan klasikal dan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa. Ketuntasan klasikal siswa, meningkat sebesar 100%, yaitu dari 0% menjadi 100%. Sedangkan rata-rata  hasil  belajar  siswa  meningkat  sebesar  17,5  poin yaitu  dari  60 menjadi 77,5.
Lightning occurrences and intensity over the Indian region: long-term trends and future projections
Authors: Chakraborty Rohit , Chakraborty Arindam , Basha Ghouse , Ratnam Madineni Venkat
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Lightning activity constitute the major destructive component of
thunderstorms over India. Hence, an understanding of the long-term variability
in lightning occurrence and intensity and their interrelation with various
causative factors is required. Long-term (1998–2014) Tropical Rainfall
Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite-based lightning observations depict the
most frequent lightning occurrences along the Himalayan foothills, the
Indo-Gangetic plains and coastal regions, while the intensity of these
lightning strikes is found to be strongest along the coastal regions and in the
Bay of Bengal. In addition, both of the abovementioned lightning properties show a very strong
intensification (∼ 1 %–2.5 % annually) across all Indian
regions during the 1998–2014 period with the maximum trends along the coasts.
Accordingly, a detailed statistical dominance analysis is performed which
reveals total column water vapor (TCWV) to be the dominant factor behind the
intensification in lightning events, while instability, measured by the
convective available potential energy (CAPE), and aerosol optical depth
(AOD) jointly control the lightning frequency trends. An increase in surface
temperatures has led to enhanced instability and, hence, stronger moisture
transport to the upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere regions, especially along the coasts. This transported moisture helps deplete the ozone
concentration, leading to reduced temperatures and elevated equilibrium
levels, which finally results in stronger and more frequent lightning events,
as also evidenced by the trend analysis. Consequently, the relationships
between lightning and its causative factors have been expressed in the form of
multilinear regression equations, which are then employed in multiple global
circulation models (GCMs) to understand the long-term impact of urbanization
on lightning over the period from 1950 to 2100. The analysis reveals a uniform
increase in lightning occurrence and intensity using both urbanization
scenarios; however, accelerated growth is observed in the RCP8.5
projections after the year 2050, as also observed from the surface warming
trends. As a result, lightning frequency and intensity values across the
Indian region are expected to increase ∼ 10 %–25 % and 15 %–50 %, respectively, by the end of the century with the
highest risk along the coasts; hence, this requires immediate attention
from policymakers.
Nitrogen loss processes in response to upwelling in a Peruvian coastal setting dominated by denitrification – a mesocosm approach
Authors: Schulz Kai G. , Achterberg Eric P. , Arístegui Javier , Bach Lennart T. , Baños Isabel , Boxhammer Tim , Erler Dirk , Igarza Maricarmen , Kalter Verena , Ludwig Andrea , Löscher Carolin , Meyer Jana , Meyer Judith , Minutolo Fabrizio , von der Esch Elisabeth , Ward Bess B. , Riebesell Ulf
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters make eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs), such as the Humboldt Current system, hot spots of marine productivity. Associated settling of organic matter to depth and consecutive aerobic decomposition results in large subsurface water volumes being oxygen depleted. Under these circumstances, organic matter remineralisation can continue via denitrification, which represents a major loss pathway for bioavailable nitrogen. Additionally, anaerobic ammonium oxidation can remove significant amounts of nitrogen in these areas. Here we assess the interplay of suboxic water upwelling and nitrogen cycling in a manipulative offshore mesocosm experiment. Measured denitrification rates in incubations with water from the oxygen-depleted bottom layer of the mesocosms (via 15N label incubations) mostly ranged between 5.5 and 20 nmol N2 L−1 h−1 (interquartile range), reaching up to 80 nmol N2 L−1 h−1. However, actual in situ rates in the mesocosms, estimated via Michaelis–Menten kinetic scaling, did most likely not exceed 0.2–4.2 nmol N2 L−1 h−1 (interquartile range) due to substrate limitation. In the surrounding Pacific, measured denitrification rates were similar, although indications of substrate limitation were detected only once. In contrast, anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) made only a minor contribution to the overall nitrogen loss when encountered in both the mesocosms and the Pacific Ocean. This was potentially related to organic matter C / N stoichiometry and/or process-specific oxygen and hydrogen sulfide sensitivities. Over the first 38 d of the experiment, total nitrogen loss calculated from in situ rates of denitrification and anammox was comparable to estimates from a full nitrogen budget in the mesocosms and ranged between ∼ 1 and 5.5 µmol N L−1. This represents up to ∼  20 % of the initially bioavailable inorganic and organic nitrogen standing stocks. Interestingly, this loss is comparable to the total amount of particulate organic nitrogen that was exported into the sediment traps at the bottom of the mesocosms at about 20 m depth. Altogether, this suggests that a significant portion, if not the majority of nitrogen that could be exported to depth, is already lost, i.e. converted to N2 in a relatively shallow layer of the surface ocean, provided that there are oxygen-deficient conditions like those during coastal upwelling in our study. Published data for primary productivity and nitrogen loss in all EBUSs reinforce such conclusion.
Controls on the rates and products of particle attrition by bed-load collisions
Authors: Litwin Miller Kimberly , Jerolmack Douglas
Published: July 2021

Abstract. River rocks round through the process of impact attrition, whereby energetic collisions during bed-load transport induce chipping of the grain surface. This process is also important for bedrock erosion. Although previous work has shown that impact energy, lithology, and shape are controlling factors for attrition rates, the functional dependence among these quantities is not settled. Here we examine these factors using a double-pendulum apparatus that generates controlled collisions between two grains under conditions relevant for bed-load transport. We also determine the grain size distributions (GSDs) of the attrition products. Two experimental results appear to support previous treatments of impact erosion as brittle fracture: (i) mass loss is proportional to kinetic energy, and this proportionality is a function of previously identified material properties; and (ii) attrition-product GSDs are well described by a Weibull distribution. Chipping results from the development of shallow and surface-parallel cracks, a process that is distinct from bulk fragmentation that occurs at higher energies. We suggest that Hertzian fracture is the dominant mechanism of impact attrition for bed-load transport. We also identify an initial phase of rapid mass loss in which attrition is independent of energy and material properties; this is a shape effect associated with removal of very sharp corners. The apparent universality of both mass loss curves and attrition-product GSDs requires further investigation. Nonetheless, these findings are useful for interpreting the contribution of in-stream attrition to downstream fining and the production of sand resulting from bed-load transport of river pebbles.
ALGORITMA K-MEANS CLUSTERING UNTUK MENENTUKAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DI CV. INTEGREET KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Rismayadi Ali Akbar , Fatonah Novia Nur , Junianto Erfian
Published: July 2021

Semakin ketatnya persaingan bisnis, menuntut setiap perusahan untuk bekerja semaksimal mungkin agar dapat tetap unggul dalam persaingan. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan menentukan strategi pemasaran yang paling tepat guna menarik konsumen yang lebih banyak. CV.Integreet Konstruksi merupakan sebuah perusahaan jasa yang bergerak di bidang konstruksi, untuk sebuah perusahaan yang cukup besar perusahaan ini masih sering kesulitan dalam menentukan strategi pesaran seperti apa yang paling tepat, hal tersebut berdampak pada jumlah penjualan yang menurun setiap bulannya. Informasi dari data penjualan sebenarnya dapat di olah untuk dijadikan dasar dalam penentuan strategi pemasaran yang tepat. Diperlukan suatu teknik atau perangkat untuk membantu mentransformasikan data tersebut menjadi informasi berguna yaitu dengan penerapan data mining. Salah satu metode dari data mining yang dapat digunakan adalah metode Clustering, di mana metode ini akan mengidentifikasi objek yang memiliki kesamaan karakteristik tertentu. Algoritma yang digunakan untuk pembentukan cluster adalah algoritma K-Means. Dalam penelitian ini data yang digunakan adalah data penjualan dari bulan Agustus-November yang terdiri dari 212 sampel data. Cluster yang terbentuk berjumlah tiga cluster, dengan cluster pertama berjumlah 103 data, cluster dua berjumlah 58 data, dan cluster ke tiga berjumlah 51 data. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar dalam penentuan strategi pemasaran yang paling tepat.
Land use uncertainty in transportation forecast
Authors: Sevcikova Hana , Nichols Brice
Published: July 2021

Using an integrated land use and travel model system implemented for the Puget Sound region in Washington state, a Bayesian Melding technique is applied to represent variations in land use outcomes, and is propagated into travel choices across a multi-year agent-based simulation. A scenario is considered where zoned capacity is increased around light rail stations. Samples are drawn from the posterior distribution of households to generate travel model inputs. They allow for propagation of land use uncertainty into travel choices, which are themselves assessed for uncertainty by comparing against observed data. Resulting travel measures of zonal vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per capita and light rail station boardings indicate the importance of comparing distributions rather than point forecasts. Results suggest decreased VMT per capita in zones near light rail stations and increased boardings at certain stations with existing development, and less significant impacts around stations with lower initial development capacity. In many cases, individual point level comparisons of scenarios would lead to very different conclusions. Altogether, this finding adds to a line of work demonstrating the policy value of incorporating uncertainty in integrated models and provides a method for assessing these variations in a systematic way.
Susana Reboreda Morillo (dir.), Visiones sobre la lactancia en la Antigüedad. Permanencias, cambios y rupturas (=Dialogues d’histoire ancienne. Supplément 19), Franche-Comté, Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2019, 296 pp. [ISBN: 978-2-84867-717-0]
Authors: Plácido Domingo
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Susana Reboreda Morillo (dir.), Visiones sobre la lactancia en la Antigüedad. Permanencias, cambios y rupturas (=Dialogues d’histoire ancienne. Supplément 19), Franche-Comté, Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2019, 296 pp. [ISBN: 978-2-84867-717-0].
Luis Ángel Hidalgo Martín, Jonathan Edmondson, Juana Márquez Pérez y José Luis Ramírez Sádaba, Nueva Epigrafía Funeraria de Avgvsta Emerita (NEFAE). Tituli sepulcrales urbanos (ss. I-VII) y su contexto arqueológico (=Serie Memoria: Monografías Arqueológic
Authors: Paredes Martín Enrique
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Luis Ángel Hidalgo Martín, Jonathan Edmondson, Juana Márquez Pérez y José Luis Ramírez Sádaba, Nueva Epigrafía Funeraria de Avgvsta Emerita (NEFAE). Tituli sepulcrales urbanos (ss. I-VII) y su contexto arqueológico (=Serie Memoria: Monografías Arqueológicas de Mérida 1), Mérida, Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental Histórico-Artística y Arqueológica de Mérida, 2019, lxiii + 569 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-09-09470-7].
Marta Fernández Corral, La epigrafía funeraria de época romana del área autrigona. Conmemoración, relaciones familiares y sociedad (=Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueología LXXXIX), Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2020, 184 pp. [
Authors: Moreno Benito Arturo
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Marta Fernández Corral, La epigrafía funeraria de época romana del área autrigona. Conmemoración, relaciones familiares y sociedad (=Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueología LXXXIX), Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2020, 184 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-00-10652-2].
Palliative Care in Turkish Medical History
Authors: Koç Alparslan
Published: July 2021

From the moment that human beings begin perceiving the value of life, they have also started to strive for the continuation of life. It would not be wrong to divide Turkish societies into three parts as sociological history. Turkish social life before Islam, the differences in the social structure with Islam, and Europe's social structure with the westernization influx with the end of the 19th century can be examined. Health system and patient care was also greatly affected by these processes. Health care, which was carried on with Shamanism and Herbalism in the old Turkish states and continued with bimarhanes and darüssifas, and health professionals have been mobilized to serve the society with the opportunities of modern medicine today. Acute and chronic diseases that occur with the continuation of life make it difficult to lead a quality life. This process can sometimes be painful. Palliative care is also useful in chronic diseases whose mortality has decreased with successful treatment methods recently applied, but which impairs the quality of life due to the disease. Thus, this process, which puts the patient's relatives psychologically, socially, and financially difficult, and the patient, can be managed more easily. Although it started with reducing and caring for cancer patients' pain, palliative care has now become a necessity in all areas of clinical practice. Our aim in this review is to examine the development process of the concept of palliative care in Turkish medical history.
Africa’s Trade with China and US: Has COVID-19 Changed the Trends of Trade?
Authors: Ibironke Adesola
Published: July 2021

Africa’s trade with China and the US is one of the international issues affecting development in the continent. This paper, therefore, examines the effects of COVID-19 on Africa’s trade with the two countries by investigating whether the pandemic has changed the trends of the trade. The article explores the responses of the individual trade of China and the US with Africa to their own shocks, without and with the pandemic, using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and monthly data covering 1970m01 (January 1970) to 2020m07 (July 2020). The results show that China’s trade performs better while responding to a shock to America’s trade than America’s trade does while responding to a shock to China’s trade, without and with COVID-19. This finding suggests that China has a stronger trade footing in Africa and that COVID-19 had not changed the trends of Africa’s trade with China and America, even with the impact of the pandemic on China. China’s dominant trade status in Africa is probably due to the country’s large investment and aid in the continent. The key policy focus of Africa on trading with China and the US should therefore be how to achieve optimum trilateral trade thresholds in the face of potential trade-offs.
Características de los casos graves de influenza en la provincia de Santa Fe durante el año 2016
Authors: Nilva Gabriela , Mordini Natalia , Uboldi Andrea , Cudós Carolina , Villani Mirta , Morana Pedro , Prause Marisa , Calderón Marta
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La infección por influenza puede conllevar a graves compli- caciones, y poner en riesgo la vida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue des- cribir las características de los casos graves confirmados de influenza en la Provincia de Santa Fe durante el año 2016.

Materiales y métodos: Descripción epidemiológica a partir de los datos de las fichas individuales ETI (enfermedades tipo influenza) de los casos de síndrome gripal atendidos en los servicios de salud de la provincia. Resultados: De un total de 211 casos graves confirmados, 63 fallecie- ron. El subtipo viral detectado con mayor frecuencia fue influenza A H1N1 (87,67%). La mayor letalidad se produjo entre los mayores de 65 años (57,58%). La chance de morir fue 2,7 veces mayor en los ca- sos en los que la administración del antiviral se demoró más de 48 horas de iniciados los síntomas (IC: 1,01-7,40; P<0,05). Los facto- res de riesgo con mayor prevalencia fueron: EPOC (28,48%), edad me- nor de 5 años y pacientes obesidad (23,84%). La chance de morir fue 2,4 mayor en aquellos que presentaban al menos un factor de riesgo (OR: 2,397; 1,119-5,132; p < 0,05). De 22 vacunados, 4 fallecieron (18,18 %), todos con algún factor de riesgo asociado, mientras

que de 148 no-vacunados, 50 fallecieron (33,78%), 40 con al menos algún factor de riesgo asociado. Conclusión: La información epidemiológica recaba- da es importante para organizar y priorizar los re- cursos de salud de manera eficiente, principalmen- te en aquellos grupos en los que la gravedad de la enfermedad puede llevar a la muerte.
EVALUATING TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON INTEGRATING ICT IN TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Maryam Yaqoob Khan, S. Khurram Khan Alwi
Published: July 2021

Fast development and change in ICT have prompted the dispersion of innovation in teaching instructions. The motivation behind this assessment is to explore teachers’ recognition in incorporating ICT in their educating-learning process. The assessment questions focused to estimating teachers' product use and other instructional devices and materials, inclinations for proficient improvement on data assembling and support, factors that empower instructors' use of innovation, teachers' view of self-adequacy and obstructions that instructors focused upon in the middle of innovation usage in instructing learning process. A populace of 25 instructors at DHA School took part in this overview. The outcome on equipment and programming use demonstrates that lion's share of instructors in the school can't utilize equipment in showing learning process due to primarily deficiency of assets. Teachers who can't utilize ICT as instructional apparatus are 76 percent higher than the individuals who can utilize it. This demonstrates most educators in the school are not incorporating ICT in the course they instruct. In respect of the data and bolster administrations, there is no equivalent help benefit from the specialized help units. DHA School is found as poor by most of the teachers in preparing ICT trainings. The factors that encourage technology are considered highly important to apply ICT in teaching-learning process. Even though, the school teachers have strong positive perception for using ICT in teaching-learning process. Teachers’ perception toward ICT usage to increase quality of curriculum and their eventual productiveness is found as significant. This indicates that the teachers realize the productivity in integrating ICT in their professional approach. However, majority of the teachers pointed out that one of the barriers to technology implementation is lack of teachers’ technical knowledge and shortage of resources. This shows that equipping the school with ICT related apparatus is not enough for attaining educational modification. Hence, the school should critically focus on teachers’ abilities for integrating ICT in whole curriculum to make each subject’s lesson interactive and easily understandable by their students.
A STUDY OF THE QUALITY CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF KARACHI
Authors: Farooq Ahmed
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed at finding out the factors affecting the classroom management at the secondary level. Moreover, this study examined the existing academic and administrative state of schools, how they are supervised, and how they can be made effective to provide quality teaching. The population of the study comprised of the public secondary schools of Karachi. Survey method was used to conduct research. The sample consisted of 400 teachers who were randomly selected from the four towns of Karachi. Twenty-two schools were selected through systematic random sampling. The questionnaire was used for collecting data which consisted of 40 items with five-point Likert Scale. The collected data were tabulated, calculated, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of objectives of the study, and the research hypotheses. Moreover, inferential statistics was used for testing of hypotheses i.e. χ2 -test. The following were the conclusions driven from the findings. Teachers believed that they needed support for quality classroom management, head teachers considered subject command that was very important for teaching, teachers monitor students for their adjustment with school environment, head teachers believed in continuous professional development and they believed that such opportunities were very essential for all teachers, school did not provide enough furniture to the students, school had presubscribed rules for students’ attendance, school had administrative staff in order to maintain students’ record, teachers believed in organizing co-curricular activities as per developed curriculum, teachers did not pay any attention to enhancing teaching methodology and the teaching materials were considered the most important in teaching and learning process, teachers believed that the seasoned senior teachers should have rechecked the marked answer sheets.
EXPLORING REASONS BEHIND JOINING ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTERS (ELC): A CASE STUDY OF PASHTO SPEAKING UNDERGRADUATES IN QUETTA CITY
Authors: Zainab Akram, Hina Arfeen, Khadija Karim
Published: July 2021

English language centers prove to be very helpful in being one of the major contributors of English language learning in expanding circle countries of concentric model introduced by Kachru (1989). This study undertakes the theory presented by Stephen Kreshan (1981, 1982) “monitor model” which is basically amalgamation of five hypotheses. This very endeavor was done through quantitative mode of inquiry utilizing survey questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. Total population was Pashto speaker students of Quetta city and sample size comprised of 100 undergraduates, particularly, the Pashto speakers, from Quetta city. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS software. The Findings show various reasons behind students joining English language centers. Some of them include good environment of ELC, along with several academic, personal, and instrumental reasons. It is recommended that in future the research could be expanded to multiple case studies comprising Pashto speakers and multilingual, longitudinal research and comparative study between teaching English at school and language centers.
THE IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL PRIMARY ENROLLMENT ON CLASSROOM PRACTICES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR SCHOOLS OF PUNJAB: A MULTI CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
Authors: Umer Ameem , Zahida Mansoor, Ali Raza
Published: July 2021

The study explores the effect of Universal Primary Enrollment (UPE) initiative on the classroom practices in the public sector schools in Punjab. Access to primary education is an identified goal for a number of developing countries where determined efforts for achieving the targets for school going children are nearing fruition. Although the UPE drive in the public sector schools shows a positive trend towards the achievement of enrollment targets, however the increased enrollment has also affected the standard of education in public sector schools. The study used a multi case study approach by means of a quantitative research design. Three different schools from three different districts were selected as sample using purposive sampling technique purposively from the public sector schools of Punjab. Classroom observations were conducted for the understanding of increased enrollment impact on teachers’ practices in class. Each case was observed for a week; each observation checklist category was observed on separate week days. The finding of the study reveal that the increase in student enrollments had a considerable effect on teachers’ performance as the bigger class sizes, created problems in managing the class; score student work, and provide responses on student performance. The substantial increase in the workload puts teachers under pressure and makes it challenging to efficiently manage a positive learning environment.
THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES TYPE 2 AND INSULIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Katamadze Natia , Kandashvili Tamar , Metreveli David , Gordeladze David
Published: July 2021

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disease. In a number of developing and industrialized countries, diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic and is one of the leading causes of death. The rapid increase of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the past decades has made it a widespread metabolic disorder. In recent years, an increasing understanding of how our microflora is linked to obesity-related T2DM has provided a new potential target for reducing the risk of T2DM. The aim of our project is to expand our view on the key roles of microflora during the onset and development of T2DM as well as its complications. Our aim was to study 2 groups of people with T2DM and Prediabetes in order to reveal any gastro-intestinal problems. According to questionnaires, it appeared that patients with diabetes type 2 had 3 or more gastrointestinal disorders, 72 % had bloating, 16% constipation and 12% diarrhea. Patients with prediabetes had 3 and more intestinal disorders: 56 % had bloating, 23% constipation and 21 % diarrhea. Despite, multiple studies supporting the importance of gut microbiota in pathophysiology of T2DM, the field is in early stage. Currently, we have reached a point in our understanding that some probiotics and related molecular mechanisms may be involved in glucose metabolism related to T2DM. We should work towards precision/personalized medicine selecting anti-diabetics and probiotics for a given patient to treat patients successfully.
Effectiveness of Model Based Training on Competence Regarding Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) Insertion among Nursing Students at Selected Nursing College
Authors: Ratnakar Velip Resha , M. B. Sunil , K. Vani.
Published: July 2021

Background of the study: Intrauterine contraceptive devices IUCD are a safe and cost-effective contraceptive method. Despite this, the utilisation rate for IUCDs is relatively low in many countries. Provision of training regarding IUCDs to nurses, is one approach to overcome some of the barriers that may prevent wider uptake of IUCDs.
Objectives: To assess the competence of nursing students regarding IUCD insertion. To evaluate the effectiveness of model based training on competence regarding IUCD insertion among nursing students and to find out an association between pre test competence scores of nursing students with their selected socio demographic variables.
Methodology: An evaluative study was conducted among 30 final year B.Sc Nursing students of KLES’ Institute of Nursing Sciences, Hubballi. The research design used for the study was Pre-experimental; one group pre-test, post-test design. OSCE based checklist of interval IUCD insertion procedure was used for obtaining the level of competence.
Results: The study results revealed that majority of the subjects 20 (66.7%) were females and 14 (46.6%) had previous knowledge regarding IUCD insertion. With respect to competence scores, majority of the subjects in pre-test 24 (80%) had unsatisfactory competence, 6 (20%) had satisfactory competence. In post-test 25 (83.33%) had satisfactory competence, 05 (16.66%) had unsatisfactory competence. After model based training on competence regarding interval IUCD insertion, there was a significant gain in competence i.e 41.4%. The calculated paired ‘t’ value (tcal = 24.44*) was greater than the tabulated value (ttab = 2.045). This indicates that the gain in competence score was statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance.
Conclusion: The study concludes that model based training on competence regarding interval IUCD insertion was effective in upgrading the skills of final year B.Sc nursing students. Hence, it is recommended to re-address & improve pre-service nursing education pertaining to the family planning services.

Key words: IUCD, competence, OSCE, nursing students, model based training.
Is There Any Difference in the Growth Mindset between Male and Female Students during a Pandemic?
Authors: . Herdian , Nur Wahidah Fatin Rohmah , Haryanto Totok
Published: July 2021

The pandemic that occurred until July 2021 still had an impact on the implementation of education in Indonesia. We examine how the growth mindset of students in the teaching and education faculties is during the pandemic. One hundred eighteen students participated in this study by filling out an online growth mindset questionnaire with the help of a Google form. Descriptive statistical tests were conducted to see the percentage of growth mindset, which included two dimensions, namely intelligence mindset and moral mindset. In addition, we tested the differences on both dimensions of growth mindset based on gender and GPA. The results showed that the percentage of intelligence mindset and moral mindset was at points 3 and 4 based on a Likert scale of 1 to 6. This was in the moderate category. There is no difference in the intelligence and Moral mindset based on gender and GPA. This result proves that both men and women have the same tendency of growth mindset position.

Keywords: growth mindset, fixed mindset, gander, education school.
The Influence of Social Economic Status, Discipline, Motivation on Learning Outcomes of Entrepreneurship Creative Products
Authors: Monika Suci , . Sugiono , . Subagyo
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of parents' economic status, learning discipline, and student motivation in learning on the learning outcomes obtained in Creative Products and Entrepreneurship subject at Putra Harapan Vocational School of 2019/2020 academic year. This research is a correlation research that is used to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between variable X and variable Y. 156 respondents are the population of this study with a sample of 30 respondents taken using a simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires and observation sheets are data collection techniques of this research. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. This research results t are (1) there is a significant positive effect between parents' economic status on learning outcomes, (2) there is a significant positive effect between learning discipline and learning outcomes, (3) there is no significant effect between motivation and learning outcomes.

Keywords: economic status; discipline; motivation; learning outcomes.
Re-Thinking National Language and National Development in a Multi-Ethnic Nigeria: Quod Vadis Pro Me?
Authors: U. Oboko , R.C. Okeke
Published: July 2021

The issue of national language and national development has been at the forefront of language issues in nation-states. The persistent demand for a national language seems to stand from the point of view that it will engender national development. The present study critically examines the case of Nigeria from the historical perspective, the case of a single national language and its role in national development, or otherwise, in a densely multi-linguistic and pluralistic Nigeria. Finally, the paper makes an attempt at formulating an appropriate and comprehensive choice of language policy that recognizes the language of the people across geographical boundaries and the exogenous language in order to foster generic development, national cohesion and accelerated national development.
EFFICACY OF CIPROFLOXACIN AND CEFOTAXIME IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS LIVER PRESENTING WITH SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Khan Zahidullah , Rashid Ahmar , Haider Iqbal , Suleman Shams , Badshah Aliena , Khan Inamullah , Khan Bughdad , Khan Wazir Mohammad , Din Jamal Ud
Published: July 2021

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), a known complication of cirrhosis Liver is an acute bacterial infection of the peritoneum. Usually no source of infection is easily identifiable.

Objective:

To compare the efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime in Cirrhosis Liver patients with SBP.

Material and Methods: This prospective, comparative, single center study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2018. A total of 300 admitted patients having Cirrhosis Liver with SBP were included in this study. The patients were randomized into Group A and Group B. Group A was treated with Intravenous Ciprofloxacin and Group B was treated with Intravenous Cefotaxime given twice daily for a period of 5 days. Diagnostic peritoneal paracentesis was done before the start of the treatment and repeated after 5 days therapy. Patients who were either non cirrhotic or had secondary bacterial peritonitis were excluded from the study.

Results: A total of 300 Cirrhosis Liver patients with SBP were studied in two equal randomized groups. Out of these 168 were male and 132 were female. The mean age of patients in study was 51.14±11.9 years. The age ranged between 15-75 years. In Group A, 82 percent responded to ciprofloxacin and in group B, 86 percent responded to cefotaxime.

Conclusion:

Both intravenous ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime are effective in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with Cirrhosis Liver.

Key Words: Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Efficacy.
EFEKTIFITAS PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG KANKER SERVIKS
Authors: Purwono Janu
Published: July 2021

The incidence of cancer increased from 12.7 million cases in 2008 to 14.1 million cases in 2012 or an increase of 12 percent. The number of cancer deaths worldwide in 2012 was found to be 8.2 million deaths. The prevalence of cancer in Indonesia is also quite high. The number of women of childbearing age who have not followed the early detection program of cervical cancer using IVA method. The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of health counseling to the knowledge of women of childbearing age about early detection of cervical cancer using Visual Acetic Acid Inspection method (IVA). The type of research is a comparative study conducted in Iringmulyo sub district. Metro Timur Kota Metro in October 2016. The population of this study is all mothers in awa mulyo village, amounting to 35 people. Analysis using paired sample t-test. Result of research got from 35 respondents show knowledge of respondent before giving counseling equal to 59,23 while knowledge after counseling is equal to 80,77 and result of t-test show show (p-value = 0,000 <0,05). Research indicates that counseling has proven to be effective in improving knowledge about early detection using IVA method.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN PREOPERASI KANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Wijayanto Tri , YunitaSari Mala
Published: July 2021

Kecemasan merupakan kekhawatiran yang tidak jelas disertai oleh perasaan takut, pasien yang akan menjalanipembedahan pada umumnya mengalami cemas dari mulai ringan sampai berat. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap kecemasan pada pasien preoperasi kanker payudara diRSUD Pringsewu tahun 2015. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pre and post test without control. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien preoperasi kanker payudara yangmengalami kecemasan dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah analisisunivariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji paired t test. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat didapatkan bahwapasien preoperasi kanker payudara di RSUD Pringsewu sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan sebagian besarmengalami cemas sedang (59,4%), dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan paling banyak mengalamicemas ringan (40,6%), sedangkan analisa bivariat didapatkan ada pengaruh signifikan pendidikan kesehatanterhadap kecemasan pasien preoperasi kanker payudara dengan p value 0,001< α (0,05). Disarankan agarperawat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan pada pasien-pasien yang akan menjalani pembedahan untukmengurangi kecemasan.
STIMULASI KUTANEUS (FOOT MASSAGE)MENURUNKAN SKALA NYERI PASIEN LANSIA DENGAN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Muliani Rizki , Suprapti Tuti , Nurkhotimah Siti
Published: July 2021

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang dapat menimbulkan sensasi nyeri pada lansia. Salah satu upaya menangani nyeri non farmakologis adalah dengan stimulasi kutaneus yaitu metode noninvasif dalam mengatasi nyeri pada lansia,stimulasi kutaneus dapat menurunkan nyeri dengan cara mendorong pelepasan endorphin, sehingga memblok transmisi stimulus nyeri serta  memberikan block pada transmisi nyeri, serta mengaktifkan endorphine, memperlancar peredaran darah dan membuat relaksasi otot sehinga  nyeri berkurang. Penelitianini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui pengaruh stimulasi kutaneus(foot massage) terhadap skala nyeri pada lansia dengan rheumatoid arthritis.Metode penelitian menggunakan Pre Experimen dengan pendekatan one grouppretest posttest dengan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 22 orang lansia. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan skala nyeri numeric rating scale dan prosedur kerja foot massage dilakukan 1 kali sehariselama 20 menit dalam waktu 5 hari. Analisa data menngunakan Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebagian kecil lansia mengalami skala nyeri 5 sebelum dilakukan stimulasi kutaneus : foot massage dan sebagian lansia mengalami skala nyeri 3 sesudah dilakukan pemberian stimulasi kutaneus : foot massage. Hasiluji Wilcoxon menunjukan P-value 0.000 (P< 0.05) sehingga disimpulkan ada pengaruh stimulasi kutaneus(foot massage) terhadap skala nyeri pada lansia dengan rheumatoid arthritis. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan  pihak panti untuk membuat SOP foot massage dan perawat dapat menerapkan foot massage sebagai terapi komplementer untuk mengurangi nyeri pada lansia dengan rheumatoid arthritis.