Plain Language vs Standard Format for Youth Understanding of COVID-19 Recommendations
Authors: Stallwood Lisa , Sammy Adrian , Prebeg Matthew , Relihan Jacqueline , Baba Ami , Charide Rana , Sayfi Shahab , Elliott Sarah A. , Hartling Lisa , Munan Matthew , Richards Dawn P. , Mathew Joseph L. , Kredo Tamara , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Motilall Ashley , Scott Shannon D. , Klugar Miloslav , Lotfi Tamara , Stevens Adrienne L. , Pottie Kevin , Schünemann Holger J. , Butcher Nancy J. , Offringa Martin ,   RecMap Members, Stallwood Lisa , Sammy Adrian , Prebeg Matthew , Relihan Jacqueline , Baba Ami , Charide Rana , Sayfi Shahab , Elliott Sarah A. , Hartling Lisa , Munan Matthew , Richards Dawn P. , Mathew Joseph L. , Kredo Tamara , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Motilall Ashley , Scott Shannon D. , Klugar Miloslav , Lotfi Tamara , Stevens Adrienne L. , Pottie Kevin , Schünemann Holger J. , Butcher Nancy J. , Offringa Martin , Akl Elie A. , Suvada Jozef , Falavigna Maicon 
Published: August 2023

Importance

To ensure that youths can make informed decisions about their health, it is important that health recommendations be presented for understanding by youths.

Objective

To compare understanding, accessibility, usability, satisfaction, intention to implement, and preference of youths provided with a digital plain language recommendation (PLR) format vs the original standard language version (SLV) of a health recommendation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This pragmatic, allocation-concealed, blinded, superiority randomized clinical trial included individuals from any country who were 15 to 24 years of age, had internet access, and could read and understand English. The trial was conducted from May 27 to July 6, 2022, and included a qualitative component.

Interventions

An online platform was used to randomize youths in a 1:1 ratio to an optimized digital PLR or SLV format of 1 of 2 health recommendations related to the COVID-19 vaccine; youth-friendly PLRs were developed in collaboration with youth partners and advisors.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was understanding, measured as the proportion of correct responses to 7 comprehension questions. Secondary outcomes were accessibility, usability, satisfaction, preference, and intended behavior. After completion of the survey, participants indicated their interest in completing a 1-on-1 semistructured interview to reflect on their preferred digital format (PLR or SLV) and their outcome assessment survey response.

Results

Of the 268 participants included in the final analysis, 137 were in the PLR group (48.4% female) and 131 were in the SLV group (53.4% female). Most participants (233 [86.9%]) were from North and South America. No significant difference was found in understanding scores between the PLR and SLV groups (mean difference, 5.2%; 95% CI, −1.2% to 11.6%; P = .11). Participants found the PLR to be more accessible and usable (mean difference, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.05-0.63) and satisfying (mean difference, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.06-0.73) and had a stronger preference toward the PLR (mean difference, 4.8; 95% CI, 4.5-5.1 [4.0 indicated a neutral response]) compared with the SLV. No significant difference was found in intended behavior (mean difference, 0.22 (95% CI, −0.20 to 0.74). Interviewees (n = 14) agreed that the PLR was easier to understand and generated constructive feedback to further improve the digital PLR.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, compared with the SLV, the PLR did not produce statistically significant findings in terms of understanding scores. Youths ranked it higher in terms of accessibility, usability, and satisfaction, suggesting that the PLR may be preferred for communicating health recommendations to youths. The interviews provided suggestions for further improving PLR formats.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05358990