bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Physically Literacy in K-12 Physical Education Through Achievement Goal Theory
Authors: Liu Jiling , Xiang Ping , Lee Jihye , Li Weidong
Published: July 2017

The goal of physical education is to instill physical literacy within students. As an important motivation framework, achievement goal theory has been widely used to understand and explain students’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. In this paper, we reviewed studies examining achievement goals and outcomes in K-12 physical education settings. First, we provide a brief review of the historical development of the achievement goal theoretical models (the dichotomous model, the trichotomous model, the 2 × 2 model, and the 3 × 2 model). Then, we synthesize consequences, antecedents, and interactive factors of each achievement goal construct as well as the influences of gender, age, and culture on students’ achievement goals. Finally, we discuss implications for practice and future research. We hope our review can inform physical educators and researchers and assist the application of achievement goal theory into practice.
The Role of Interest in Physical Education: A Review of Research Evidence
Authors: Chen Ang , Wang Yubing
Published: July 2017

This article focuses on the research on interest, especially situational interest, in physical education. Interest has been considered a powerful motivator for children and adolescents. Based on a conceptualization of individual and situational interest, a reasonable size of evidence has been accumulated showing that situational interest motivates students to engage in physical activity. The evidence also shows that situational interest may have little impact on learning achievement. It, however, can be controlled and manipulated by teachers to create a situationally interesting learning environment to enhance engagement. The lack of studies on individual interest and its development has been identified as a void in this line of research. We argue that it is necessary to strengthen the research on individual interest and its interaction with situational interest to fully understand the four-phase theoretical model of interest development in the physical activity domain (Renninger & Hidi, 2016).
The glucocorticoid-Angptl4-ceramide axis induces insulin resistance through PP2A and PKCζ
Authors: Chen Tzu-Chieh , Benjamin Daniel I. , Kuo Taiyi , Lee Rebecca A. , Li Mei-Lan , Mar Darryl J. , Costello Damian E. , Nomura Daniel K. , Wang Jen-Chywan
Published: July 2017

Insulin resistance associated with glucocorticoid treatment may be alleviated by inhibiting the synthesis of ceramides or their effectors.
Multicenter Evaluation of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Inhibitory Activity against Meropenem-Nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Blood, Respiratory Tract, and Wounds
Authors: Grupper Mordechai , Sutherland Christina , Nicolau David P.
Published: July 2017

The recent escalation of occurrences of carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
has been recognized globally and threatens to erode the widespread clinical utility of the carbapenem class of compounds for this prevalent health care-associated pathogen. Here, we compared the
in vitro
inhibitory activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam against 290 meropenem-nonsusceptible
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
nonduplicate clinical isolates from 34 U.S. hospitals using reference broth microdilution methods. Ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam were active, with ceftolozane-tazobactam having significantly higher inhibitory activity than ceftazidime-avibactam. The heightened inhibitory activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam was sustained when the site of origin (respiratory, blood, or wound) and nonsusceptibility to other β-lactam antimicrobials was considered. An extensive genotypic search for enzymatically driven β-lactam resistance mechanisms revealed the exclusive presence of the VIM metallo-β-lactamase among only 4% of the subset of isolates nonsusceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, or both. These findings suggest an important role for both ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam against carbapenem-nonsusceptible
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Further
in vitro
and
in vivo
studies are needed to better define the clinical utility of these novel therapies against the increasingly prevalent threat of multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
.
Benzoxazoles, Phthalazinones, and Arylurea-Based Compounds with IMP Dehydrogenase-Independent Antibacterial Activity against Francisella tularensis
Authors: Gorla Suresh Kumar , Zhang Yan , Rabideau Meaghan M. , Qin Aiping , Chacko Shibin , House Amanda L. , Johnson Corey R. , Mandapati Kavitha , Bernstein Hannah M. , McKenney Elizabeth S. , Boshoff Helena , Zhang Minjia , Glomski Ian J. , Goldberg Joanna B. , Cuny Gregory D. , Mann Barbara J. , Hedstrom Lizbeth
Published: July 2017

Francisella tularensis
is the causative agent of tularemia and a potential biowarfare agent. The virulence of
F. tularensis
is decreased by deletion of
guaB
, the gene encoding IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), suggesting that this enzyme is a target for antibacterial design. Here we report that
F. tularensis
growth is blocked by inhibitors of bacterial IMPDHs. Seventeen compounds from two different frameworks, designated the D and Q series, display antibacterial activities with MICs of <1 μM. These compounds are also active against intracellular infections. Surprisingly, antibacterial activity does not correlate with IMPDH inhibition. In addition, the presence of guanine does not affect the antibacterial activity of most compounds, nor does the deletion of
guaB
. These observations suggest that antibacterial activity derives from inhibition of another target(s). Moreover, D compounds display antibacterial activity only against
F. tularensis
, suggesting the presence of a unique target or uptake mechanism. A Δ
guaB
mutant resistant to compound D73 contained a missense mutation (Gly45Cys) in
nuoB
, which encodes a subunit of bacterial complex I. Overexpression of the
nuoB
mutant conferred resistance to D73 in both wild-type and Δ
guaB
strains. This strain was not resistant to Q compounds, suggesting that a different off-target mechanism operates for these compounds. Several Q compounds are also effective against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, in which a second target has also been implicated, in addition to IMPDH. The fortuitous presence of multiple targets with overlapping structure-activity relationships presents an intriguing opportunity for the development of robust antibiotics that may avoid the emergence of resistance.
Inherent Oxidative Stress in the Lewis Rat Is Associated with Resistance to Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Witola William H. , Kim Chi Yong , Zhang Xuejin
Published: July 2017

The course ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in rats closely resembles that in humans. However, compared to the Brown Norway (BN) rat, the Lewis (LEW) rat is extremely resistant toT. gondiiinfection. Thus, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of the LEW rat versus the BN rat, with or withoutT. gondiiinfection, in order to unravel molecular factors directing robust and rapid earlyT. gondii-killing mechanisms in the LEW rat. We found that compared to the uninfected BN rat, the uninfected LEW rat has inherently higher transcript levels of cytochrome enzymes (Cyp2d3, Cyp2d5, and Cybrd1, which catalyze generation of reactive oxygen species [ROS]), with concomitant higher levels of ROS. Interestingly, despite having higher levels of ROS, the LEW rat had lower transcript levels for antioxidant enzymes (lactoperoxidase, microsomal glutathioneS-transferase 2 and 3, glutathioneS-transferase peroxidase kappa 1, and glutathione peroxidase) than the BN rat, suggesting that the LEW rat maintains cellular oxidative stress that it tolerates. Corroboratively, we found that scavenging of superoxide anion by Mn(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP) decreased the refractoriness of LEW rat peritoneal cells toT. gondiiinfection, resulting in proliferation of parasites in LEW rat peritoneal cells which, in turn, led to augmented cell death in the infected cells. Together, our results indicate that the LEW rat maintains inherent cellular oxidative stress that contributes to resistance to invadingT. gondii, and they thus unveil new avenues for developing therapeutic agents targeting induction of host cell oxidative stress as a mechanism for killingT. gondii.
Identification of the Regulon of AphB and Its Essential Roles in LuxR and Exotoxin Asp Expression in the Pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Gao Xiating , Liu Yang , Liu Huan , Yang Zhen , Liu Qin , Zhang Yuanxing , Wang Qiyao
Published: July 2017

In
Vibrio
species, AphB is essential to activate virulence cascades by sensing low-pH and anaerobiosis signals; however, its regulon remains largely unknown. Here, AphB is found to be a key virulence regulator in
Vibrio alginolyticus
, a pathogen for marine animals and humans. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) enabled the detection of 20 loci in the
V. alginolyticus
genome that contained AphB-binding peaks. An AphB-specific binding consensus was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and the regulation of genes flanking such binding sites was demonstrated using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. AphB binds directly to its own promoter and positively controls its own expression in later growth stages. AphB also activates the expression of the exotoxin Asp by binding directly to the promoter regions of
asp
and the master quorum-sensing (QS) regulator
luxR
. DNase I footprinting analysis uncovered distinct AphB-binding sites (BBS) in these promoters. Furthermore, a BBS in the
luxR
promoter region overlaps that of LuxR-binding site I, which mediates the positive control of
luxR
promoter activity by AphB. This study provides new insights into the AphB regulon and reveals the mechanisms underlying AphB regulation of physiological adaptation and QS-controlled virulence in
V. alginolyticus
.

IMPORTANCE
In this work, AphB is determined to play essential roles in the expression of genes associated with QS, physiology, and virulence in
V. alginolyticus
, a pathogen for marine animals and humans. AphB was found to bind directly to 20 genes and control their expression by a 17-bp consensus binding sequence. Among the 20 genes, the
aphB
gene itself was identified to be positively autoregulated, and AphB also positively controlled
asp
and
luxR
expression. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of the roles of AphB in controlling physiological adaptation and QS-controlled virulence gene expression.
35: COMPARISON OF RECENT THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES IN IMMATURE NECROTIC PERMANENT TEETH WITH CONVENTIONAL APEXIFICATION THERAPY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Amirzade-Iranaq Mohammad Hossein , Masoumi S. M. R.
Published: July 2017

Background and aims:

The role of recent therapeutic procedures in regenerative endodontic and increasing the success rate is not defined clearly. The aim of this study was to compare recent therapeutic procedures in immature necrotic permanent teeth with conventional apexification.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched and relevant studies were included by hand-searching and all of the included study restricted to English language. Type of study to be included was randomized controlled trials on animals.

Data extraction:

Searches resulted in the identification of 73 articles, and after removing duplicates and studies not meeting inclusion criteria like case reports and case series, 7 studies were selected quality assessment of the randomized controlled trials was executed by using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Eventually 6 of these studies were selected for meta-analysis by Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2.

Results:

Among all detected studies 6 were included to meta-analysis and it shows increase in root length and dentinal wall thickness. Radiographic evaluation significantly shows this increase (Z=2.36, P=0.01, OR=4.71, 95% CI: 1.34–12.92, I=0%) in comparison of control and experimental groups. Heterogeneity was not detected (I<25%). The risk of bias in selected studies were low.

Conclusion:

Recent therapies in regenerative endodontics show high level of evidence on root length and dentinal wall thickness but more clinical evidence such as randomized clinical trials on human is needed.
42: DESIGNING A DASHBOARD FOR EVALUATION THE BUSINESS-IT ALIGNMENT STRATEGIES IN HOSPITALS ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: piri Zakieh , Raef Behnaz , moftian Nazila , dehghani Mohamad , khara Rouhallah
Published: July 2017

Background and aims:

Business-IT Alignment Evaluation is One of the most important issues that managers should monitor and make decisions about it .Dashboard software combines data and graphical indicators to deliver at-a-glance summaries of information for users to view the state of their business and quickly respond. The aim of this study was to design a dashboard to assess the business-IT alignment strategies for hospitals organizations in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Methods:

This is a functional-developmental study. Initially, we searched related databases (PubMed and ProQuest) to determine the key performance indicators of business-IT alignment for selecting the best model for dashboard designing. After selecting the Luftman model, the key indicators were extracted for designing the dashboard model. In the next stage, an electronic questionnaire was designed based on extracted indicators. This questionnaire sends to Hospital managers and IT administrators. Collected data were analyzed by Excel 2015 and displayed in dashboard page.

Results:

The number of key performance indicators was 39. After recognition the technical requirements the dashboard was designed in Excel. The overall business-IT alignment rate in hospitals was 3.12. Amir-aalam hospital has the highest business-IT alignment rate (3.55) and vali-asr hospital has the lowest business-IT alignment rat (2.80).

Conclusion:

Using dashboard software improves the alignment and reduces the time and energy compared with doing this process manually.
69: FAMILY PRESENCE DURING RESUSCITATION: REQUIRED EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Hassankhani Hadi , Haririan Hamidreza , Porter Joanne E.
Published: July 2017

Background and aims:

Family Presence during Resuscitation is considered an important issue, however remains controversial among clinicians implementation to practice. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of resuscitation team members with the presence of patient's family during resuscitation in the cultural context of Iran.

Methods:

An Interpretative phenomenology was used to discover the lived experiences of the nurses and physicians of six Tabriz hospitals, Iran, with the FPDR. A total of twelve nurses and nine physicians were interviewed over a 6 month period. The interviews were audio recorded, semi-structured and were transcribed verbatim. Van Mannen's technique was used for data analysis.

Results:

Two main and ten sub-themes emerged including; Destructive presence (cessation of resuscitation, interference in resuscitation, disruption to resuscitation team's focus, argument with resuscitation team, and adverse mental image in family) and Supportive presence (trust in the resuscitation team, collaboration with resuscitation team, alleviating family's concern and settling their nerve, increasing family's satisfaction, and reducing conflict with resuscitation team members). The results also revealed that well trained and expert team members, don't have any stress in the presence of family during resuscitation.

Conclusion:

Participants stated that FPDR may work as a double-edged sword to family and resuscitation team, hurting, or, saving quality. It is thus recommended that guidelines be made in order to protect patients and family right's, while considering the positive, saving, edge of the phenomenon for hospitals.
Comparison of Multimodal Intra-Arterial Treatment versus Intravenous Thrombolysis for Hypertensive Patients with Severe Large Vessel Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Tian Zuojun , Liao Geng , Li Shaoming , Shen Yuechun , Chen Changbing , Liu Lei , Li Yiheng
Published: July 2017

Since intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is often associated with poor outcomes in hypertensive patients with severe acute cerebral infarction (ACI) due to occlusions of the internal carotid, basilar, or proximal middle cerebral artery, we evaluated whether multimodal intra-arterial treatment (IAT) might improve functional outcomes in this patient population. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of eligible patients who underwent multimodal IAT including intra-arterial thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, balloon and/or stent angioplasty (IAT group) or IVT alone (IVT group). Outcomes included the revascularization rate 24 hours postprocedure, the frequency of survival at 7, 90, and 180 days postonset, and a measure of functional outcomes using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The IAT group included 62 patients and the IVT group included 31 patients. Multimodal IAT increased the revascularization rate at 24 hours (p<0.001) and the frequency of survival and functional independence (mRS ≤2) at 7 days (p<0.001 and p=0.018, respectively), 90 days (both p<0.001), and 180 days (both p<0.001). Independent predictors of longer survival were treatment with multimodal IAT (HR 0.1; 95% CI 0.0 to 0.4; p<0.001) and revascularization (HR 0.1; 95% CI 0.0 to 0.4; p<0.001), whereas a longer duration from onset to treatment was a risk factor for death (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8; p<0.001). There was no significant between-group difference for symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation. This study found that for patients with severe hypertensive ACI with large vessel occlusions, multimodal IAT improved the outcomes, including early revascularization, survival, and functional outcome.
Intramolecular energy transfer and photoisomerization in stilbene dendrimers
Authors: Taima Masahiro , Ishida Yuka , Arai Tatsuo
Published: July 2017

Stilbene dendrimers with energy harvesting chromophores, such as naphthalene and benzophenone, have been prepared and their photochemical and photophysical properties have been examined. These dendrimers underwent trans–cis mutual photoisomerization on excitation of the core stilbene or the peripheral naphthalene and benzophenone chromophores through several energy transfer processes, and photophysical processes such as intersystem crossing finally resulted in cis-trans isomerization of the core stilbene.
An Efficient Approach for Reliability-Based Design Optimization Combined Sequential Optimization with Approximate Models
Authors: Doan Bao Quoc , Liu Guiping , Xu Can , Chau Minh Quang
Published: July 2017

Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) involves evaluation of probabilistic constraints which can be time-consuming in engineering structural design problems. In this paper, an efficient approach combined sequential optimization with approximate models is suggested for RBDO. The radial basis functions and Latin hypercube sampling are used to construct approximate models of the probabilistic constraints. Then, a sequential optimization with approximate models is carried out by the sequential optimization and reliability assessment method which includes a serial of cycles of deterministic optimization and reliability assessment. Three numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
A collocation method for a class of Fredholm integral equations with highly oscillatory kernels
Authors: Katani Roghayeh , Pourahmad Fatemeh
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a collocation method by using Clenshaw–Curtis points is proposed to solve the Fredholm integral equations (FIEs) with highly oscillatory kernels. The collocation method is being applied to graded and uniform meshes. Due to the highly oscillatory kernels of integral equations, the discretized collocation equation will lead to the computation of the oscillatory integrals which will be computed by using the efficient Filon-type method. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are confirmed by numerical examples.
Capability of the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory for the Indirect Detection of Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrinos
Authors: León Vargas Hermes , Sandoval Andrés , Belmont Ernesto , Alfaro Rubén
Published: July 2017

The detection of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos, with energies in the PeV range or above, is a topic of great interest in modern astroparticle physics. The importance comes from the fact that these neutrinos point back to the most energetic particle accelerators in the Universe and provide information about their underlying acceleration mechanisms. Atmospheric neutrinos are a background for these challenging measurements, but their rate is expected to be negligible above ≈1 PeV. In this work we describe the feasibility to study ultrahigh-energy neutrinos based on the Earth-skimming technique, by detecting the charged leptons produced in neutrino-nucleon interactions in a high mass target. We propose to detect the charged leptons, or their decay products, with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and use as a large-mass target for the neutrino interactions the Pico de Orizaba volcano, the highest mountain in Mexico. In this work we develop an estimate of the detection rate using a geometrical model to calculate the effective area of the observatory. Our results show that it may be feasible to perform measurements of the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux from cosmic origin during the expected lifetime of the HAWC observatory.
Association Analysis of Arsenic-Induced Straighthead in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Based on the Selected Population with a Modified Model
Authors: Li Xiaobai , Hu Biaolin , Pan Xuhao , Zhang Ning , Wu Dianxing
Published: July 2017

A rice physiological disorder makes mature panicle keep erect with empty grains termed as “straighthead.” Straighthead causes yield losses and is a serious threat to rice production worldwide. Here, a new study of association mapping was conducted to identify QTL involved in straighthead. A subset of 380 accessions was selected from the USDA rice core collection and genotyped with 72 genome-wide SSR markers. An optimal model implemented with principle components (PCs) was used in this association mapping. As a result, five markers were identified to be significantly associated with straighthead. Three of them, RM263, RM169, and RM224, were consistent with a previous study. Three markers, RM475, RM263, and RM19, had a resistant allele associated with a decrease in straighthead rating (straighthead rating ≤ 4.8). In contrast, the two other marker loci RM169 and RM224 had a few susceptible alleles associated with an increase in straighthead rating (straighthead rating ≥ 8.7). Interestingly, RM475 is close to QTL “qSH-2” and “AsS” with straighthead resistance, which was reported in two studies on linkage mapping of straighthead. This finding adds to previous work and is useful for further genetic study of straighthead.
Evidence of Immunosuppressive and Th2 Immune Polarizing Effects of Antidiabetic Momordica charantia Fruit Juice
Authors: Fachinan Rufine , Fagninou Adnette , Nekoua Magloire Pandoua , Amoussa Abdou Madjid , Adjagba Marius , Lagnika Latifou , Lalèyè Anatole , Moutairou Kabirou , Yessoufou Akadiri
Published: July 2017

The mechanism of action of the antidiabetic capacity of Momordica charantia is still under investigation. Here, we assessed phytochemical compositions, antioxidant activity, and effects of total and filtered fruit and leafy stem juices of Momordica charantia on human T cell proliferation and differentiation through quantification of Th1/Th2 cytokines. In the absence of stimulation, total fruit and leafy stem juices induced significant T cell proliferation. Under PHA stimulation, both juices potentiated plant-induced T cell proliferation. However, the filtered fruit and leafy stem juices significantly inhibited PHA-stimulated T cell proliferation, while neither juice influenced T cell proliferation. Moreover, total and filtered fruit juice increased IL-4 secretion, while total and filtered leafy stem juice enhanced IFN-γ production. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyans, steroids, and triterpenoids in both juices. Alkaloids, quinone derivatives, cardenolides, and cyanogenic derivatives were undetectable. The saponins present in total juices were undetectable after filtration. Moreover, both juices had appreciable antioxidant capacity. Our study supports the type 1 antidiabetic effect of filtered fruit juice of M. charantia which may be related to its immunosuppressive and T-helper 2 cell inducing capacities. Due to their immune-stimulatory activities and their ability to increase T-helper 1 cell cytokines, total fruit and leafy stem juices may serve in the treatment of immunodeficiency and certain infections.
Singular Limit of the Rotational Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Flows
Authors: Kwon Young-Sam
Published: July 2017

We consider the compressible models of magnetohydrodynamic flows giving rise to a variety of mathematical problems in many areas. We derive a rigorous quasi-geostrophic equation governed by magnetic field from the stratified flows of the rotational compressible magnetohydrodynamic flows with the well-prepared initial data and the tool of proof is based on the relative entropy. Furthermore, the convergence rates are obtained.
Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance in US Adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Martinez Keilah E. , Tucker Larry A. , Bailey Bruce W. , LeCheminant James D.
Published: July 2017

This study aims to expand the evaluation of normal weight obesity (NWO) and its association with insulin resistance using an NHANES (1999–2006) sample of US adults. A cross-sectional study including 5983 men and women (50.8%) was conducted. Body fat percentage (BF%) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Expanded normal weight obesity (eNWO) categories, pairings of BMI and body fat percentage classifications, were created using standard cut-points for BMI and sex-specific median for BF%. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were used to index insulin resistance. Mean ± SE values were BMI: 27.9 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.1 (men); body fat percentage: 40.5 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.2 (men); and HOMA-IR: 2.04 ± 0.05 (women) and 2.47 ± 0.09 (men). HOMA-IR differed systematically and in a dose-response fashion across all levels of the eNWO categories (F=291.3,P<0.0001). As BMI levels increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly, and within each BMI category, higher levels of body fat were associated with higher levels of HOMA-IR. Both high BMI and high BF% were strongly related to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance appears to increase incrementally according to BMI levels primarily and body fat levels secondarily. Including a precise measure of body fat with BMI adds little to the utility of BMI in the prediction of insulin resistance.
Successful Resuscitation of a Patient with Life-Threatening Metabolic Acidosis by Hemodialysis: A Case of Ethylene Glycol Intoxication
Authors: Narita Ikuyo , Shimada Michiko , Nakamura Norio , Murakami Reiichi , Fujita Takeshi , Fukuda Wakako , Tomita Hirofumi
Published: July 2017

Background. Ethylene glycol intoxication causes severe metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Fomepizole has become available as its antidote. Nevertheless, a prompt diagnosis is not easy because patients are often unconscious. Here we present a case of ethylene glycol intoxication who successfully recovered with prompt hemodialysis. Case Presentation. A 52-year-old Japanese male was admitted to a local hospital due to suspected food poisoning. The patient presented with nausea and vomiting, but his condition rapidly deteriorated, with worsening conscious level, respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, hypotension, and severe acute kidney injury. He was transferred to the university hospital; hemodialysis was initiated because of hyperkalemia and severe metabolic acidosis. On recovering consciousness, he admitted having ingested antifreeze solution. Thirty-seven days after admission, the patient was discharged without requiring HD. Conclusions. We reported a case of ethylene glycol intoxication who presented with a life-threatening metabolic acidosis. In a state of severe circulatory shock requiring catecholamines, hemodialysis should be avoided, and continuous hemodiafiltration may be a preferred approach. However, one should be aware of the possibility of intoxication by unknown causes, and hemodialysis could be life-saving with its superior ability to remove toxic materials in such cases.
Potent Phosphodiesterase Inhibition and Nitric Oxide Release Stimulation of Anti‐Impotence Thai Medicinal Plants from “MANOSROI III” Database
Authors: Manosroi Aranya , Tangjai Theeraphong , Chankhampan Charinya , Manosroi Worapaka , Najarut Yaravee , Kitdamrongtham Worapong , Manosroi Jiradej
Published: July 2017

Seven plants in the top rank were selected from the “MANOSROI III” database using the two Thai keywords which meant impotence and sexual tonic. Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. extract [EDP1‐001(1)] gave the highest PDE inhibition activity of 4.36‐fold sildenafil, a standard anti‐impotence drug. Plumbago indica Linn. extract [EDP2‐001(1)] exhibited the highest NO release stimulation activity of 666.85% which was 1.50‐fold acetylcholine, a standard drug. Most selected plant extracts were nontoxic to EA.hy926 cells at 1.0 mg/mL. EDP1‐001(1) exhibited the LD50 value of acute oral toxicity in male ICR mice of over 5,000 mg/kg body weight. EDP1‐001(1) also indicated the improvement of sexual behaviors in the paroxetine‐induced sexual dysfunction male mice with the evaluation of number of courtships (NC), mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and ejaculatory frequency (EF) at 87.67 ± 6.17, 121.00 ± 23.50, 36.00 ± 3.21, and 13.67 ± 2.96 which were 2.63‐, 1.27‐, 0.53‐, and 0.62‐fold sildenafil‐treated mice at day 14 of the treatments, respectively. The present study has not only confirmed the traditional use of Thai plants for the treatment of ED but also indicated the potential and application of the “MANOSROI III” database for Thai plant selection to be developed as ED food supplements.
Statistical Interactions from a Growth Curve Perspective
Authors: Devlin Sean M. , Satagopan Jaya M.
Published: July 2017

Logistic regression is widely used to evaluate the association between risk factors and a binary outcome. The logistic curve is symmetric around its point of inflection. Alternative families of curves, such as the additive Gompertz or Guerrero-Johnson models, have been proposed in various scenarios due to their asymmetry: disease risk may initially increase rapidly and be followed by a longer period where the rate of growth slowly decreases. When modeling binary outcomes in relation to risk factors, an additive logistic model may not provide a good fit to the data. Suppose the outcome and an additive function of the risk factors are indeed related through an asymmetric function, but we model the relationship using a logistic function. We illustrate - both from a mathematical framework and through a simulation-based evaluation - that higher-order terms, such as pairwise interactions and quadratic terms, may be required in a logistic regression model to obtain a good fit to the data. Importantly, as significant higher-order terms may be a manifestation of model misspecification, these terms should be cautiously interpreted; a more pragmatic approach is to develop contrasts of disease risk coming from a good fitting model. We illustrate these concepts in 2 cohort studies examining early death for late-stage colorectal and pancreatic cancer cases, and 2 case-control studies investigating NAT2 acetylation, smoking, and advanced colorectal adenoma and bladder cancer.
Das okuläre «Neurothekeom» im Vexierbild der Differentialdiagnostik
Authors: Linke Stephan Johannes
Published: July 2017

Neurothekeome (NTK) sind benigne kutane Neoplasien fibrohistiozytischen Ursprungs und treten am häufigsten an Kopf, Hals und oberen Extremitäten auf. Traditionell wurden NTK und Nervenscheidenmyxome (NSM) als Subtypen einer einzigen Neoplasie mit gemeinsamer Histogenese klassifiziert, doch kürzlich konnte mittels Immunfärbung gezeigt werden, dass die Läsionen höchstwahrscheinlich unterschiedlichen zellulären Ursprungs sind. In seltenen Fällen wurde ein Auftreten von NTK in den okulären Adnexen dokumentiert. Der vorliegende Fall einer 39-jährigen Frau ist der erste, bei dem ein in der Hornhaut entstandenes zelluläres NTK beschrieben wird, das einer Salzmannschen nodulären Degeneration ähnelt. Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt den klinischen und pathologischen Befund der Patientin, diskutiert die Veränderungen in der Klassifizierung dieser seltenen Neoplasien vor dem Hintergrund der Fortschritte in der Immunhistochemie und betrachtet alle in der Literatur zu findenden Fälle okulärer NTK.
Cervical Alpha-Actinin-4 Is Upregulated in Women with Threatened Preterm Labor and Microbial Invasion of the Amniotic Cavity
Authors: Cobo Teresa , Palacio Montse , Grande Maribel , Sánchez-García Ana B. , Estanyol Josep M. , López Marta , Bosch Jordi , Martí Cristina , Gratacós Eduard
Published: July 2017

Objective: To characterize the proteome profile of women with threatened preterm labor (PTL) below 34;0 weeks with and without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) using mass spectrometry in the amniotic fluid (AF) and Western blot analysis in the cervical mucus and the vaginal fluid. Subjects and Methods: In the discovery phase, a case-control study including 8 women with MIAC and 7 without matched for gestational age at sampling was performed. Proteomic profile characterization was done using the LTQ VELOS Orbitrap mass spectrometer in the AF. In the validation phase, a selection of the proteins differentially expressed by mass spectrometry in the genital samples of a prospective cohort of 109 women was validated by Western blot analysis. Results: In the discovery phase, the mass spectrometry analysis identified a total of 444 proteins. Sixteen were chosen for validation, being involved in defense (calgranulin A, B, C, C-reactive protein), cytoskeletal remodeling (alpha-actinin-4 [ACTN-4], plastin-2, α2-antiplasmin, vitronectin), metabolism (cystatin-β, glucose 6 phosphate isomerase, glutathione S-transferase, prostaglandin D2 synthase, corticosteroid-binding globulin), and vascular (α1-antichymotrypsin, hemopexin, endosialin) pathways. In the validation phase, cervical ACTN-4 was the only significantly upregulated protein in women with MIAC with an odds ratio of 6.8 (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Cervical ACTN-4 was significantly upregulated in the group of women with PTL with MIAC.
Self-Care Activities among People with Multiple Sclerosis in Denmark: Use and User Characteristics
Authors: Lynning Marie , Hanehøj Kirsten , Karnøe Knudsen Astrid , Skovgaard Lasse
Published: July 2017

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are known to use a wide range of medical and non-medical treatments. This study aims at investigating the use of self-care activities within this patient group. Material and Methods: The study follows a descriptive cross-sectional design based on an online survey among members of the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society's permanent respondent panel. Results: The results of the study indicate that the respondents carry out a wide variety of self-care activities. These activities comprise conventional activities as well as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)-based activities. The self-care activities are mainly kept up for non-specific and preventive purposes, with primarily personal or non-specific issues as the primary source of inspiration. Comparative analyses indicate that respondents with a low level of self-care more often are men, belong to the young age group and have a low level of education, a low level of self-assessed state of health, a low level of self-assessed quality of life (QoL), and an unknown subdiagnosis. Respondents with a high level of self-care are more often women and have a high level of self-assessed QoL. Conclusions: A wide variety of self-care activities are carried out by PwMS, comprising conventional as well as CAM-based activities. The purposes of such activities are manifold, but they are mainly of non-specific and preventive nature. Differences in background characteristics exist between groups of low and high levels of self-care.
Utility of Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy in Non-Interstitial Diseases
Authors: Sánchez-Cabral Olivia , Martínez-Mendoza Dina , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastián , López-González Berenice , Perea-Talamantes Carolina , Rivera-Rosales Rosa María , Luna-Rivero César , Martínez-Orozco José Arturo , Flores-Suárez Luis Felipe , Santillán-Doherty Patricio , Reyes-Terán Gustavo
Published: July 2017

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TLCB), performed with a flexible cryoprobe, is an interventional pulmonology procedure that has proved its diagnostic value for interstitial pulmonary disease. However, it has not been explored extensively as a diagnostic tool for patients with non-interstitial lung pathology, including infectious and malignant diseases. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of an interventional pulmonology approach that integrates TLCB and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the diagnosis of non-interstitial pulmonary disease. Methods: TLCB and BAL were performed under general anesthesia through the same bronchoscopic access on 103 adult patients (including immunocompromised HIV+ individuals) with clinical/radiological evidence of non-interstitial lung disease admitted to the Interventional Pulmonology Service between May 2015 and April 2016. Samples obtained were sent to pathology and microbiology laboratories for standard diagnostic analysis. Results: Samples of TLCB allowed the diagnosis of 75.7% of patients, while 39.8% were diagnosed from BAL. The global diagnostic yield from the dual sampling was 92.2%. TLCB allowed the diagnosis of 94.7% of cancer cases and 60.0% of infectious cases, while BAL samples identified 77.5% of infectious cases and 21.2% of malignant lesions. The incidence of complications was 4.9% with full recovery in all cases. Conclusions: Simultaneous TLCB and BAL constitute a safe and useful diagnostic procedure for non-interstitial pulmonary disease, with a global diagnostic yield of 92.2%. Complementary advantages of samples obtained by each technique result in a robust diagnostic strategy for infectious and malignant disease in adults, including HIV+ individuals.
Switch From Fetal to Adult
SCN5A
Isoform in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Unmasks the Cellular Phenotype of a Conduction Disease–Causing Mutation
Authors: Veerman Christiaan C. , Mengarelli Isabella , Lodder Elisabeth M. , Kosmidis Georgios , Bellin Milena , Zhang Miao , Dittmann Sven , Guan Kaomei , Wilde Arthur A. M. , Schulze‐Bahr Eric , Greber Boris , Bezzina Connie R. , Verkerk Arie O.
Published: July 2017

Background

Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hi
PSC
‐
CM
s) can recapitulate features of ion channel mutations causing inherited rhythm disease. However, the lack of maturity of these cells is considered a significant limitation of the model. Prolonged culture of hi
PSC
‐
CM
s promotes maturation of these cells. We studied the electrophysiological effects of the I230T mutation in the sodium channel gene

SCN
5A

in hi
PSC
‐
CM
s generated from a homozygous (I230T
homo
) and a heterozygous (I230T
het
) individual from a family with recessive cardiac conduction disease. Since the I230T mutation occurs in the developmentally regulated “adult” isoform of

SCN
5A,

we investigated the relationship between the expression fraction of the adult

SCN
5A

isoform and the electrophysiological phenotype at different time points in culture.

Methods and Results

After a culture period of 20 days, sodium current (

I
N

a
) was mildly reduced in I230T
homo
hi
PSC
‐
CM
s compared with control hi
PSC
‐
CM
s, while I230T
het
hi
PSC
‐
CM
s displayed no reduction in

I
N

a
. This coincided with a relatively high expression fraction of the “fetal”

SCN
5A

isoform compared with the adult isoform as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Following prolonged culture to 66 days, the fraction of adult

SCN
5A

isoform increased; this was paralleled by a marked decrease in

I
N

a
in I230T
homo
hi
PSC
‐
CM
s, in line with the severe clinical phenotype in homozygous patients. At this time in culture, I230T
het
hi
PSC
‐
CM
s displayed an intermediate loss of

I
N

a
, compatible with a gene dosage effect.

Conclusions

Prolonged culture of hi
PSC
‐
CM
s leads to an increased expression fraction of the adult sodium channel isoform. This new aspect of electrophysiological immaturity should be taken into account in studies that focus on the effects of

SCN
5A

mutations in hi
PSC
‐
CM
s.
Correlates of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC‐NCS)
Authors: Alonso Alvaro , Knopman David S. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Shah Amit J. , O'Neal Wesley T. , Norby Faye L. , Mosley Thomas H. , Chen Lin Y.
Published: July 2017

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) has been associated with faster cognitive decline and increased dementia risk. Factors associated with dementia in patients with
AF
have been seldom studied.

Methods and Results

We studied 6432 individuals from the
ARIC
‐NCS (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study). In 2011 to 2013, participants underwent a physical exam, echocardiography, detailed cognitive assessments, and a subset, brain magnetic resonance imaging. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (
MCI
), as well as etiology of
MCI
/dementia, Alzheimer's disease–related or vascular, were adjudicated by an expert panel.
AF
was defined by study ECGs and past hospitalizations. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95%
CI
of
MCI
/dementia by
AF
status and to assess cross‐sectional correlates of
MCI
/dementia in patients with
AF
. Among 6432 participants, 611 (9.5%) had prevalent
AF
.
AF
was associated with increased odds of dementia and
MCI
(odds ratio, 95%
CI
, 2.25, 1.64–3.10, and 1.28, 1.04–1.56, respectively). Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease–related
MCI
/dementia and vascular
MCI
/dementia were higher in participants with
AF
than without
AF
(odds ratio, 95%
CI
, 1.29, 1.04–1.61, and 1.50, 0.99–2.25, respectively). In multivariable analyses, older age, lower body mass index, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and

APOE

genotype were associated with dementia prevalence in participants with
AF
. In models evaluating
MCI
/dementia subtypes, diabetes mellitus was associated with Alzheimer's disease–related
MCI
/dementia, whereas male sex and stroke were risk factors for vascular
MCI
/dementia.

Conclusions

In a large, community‐based study,
AF
was associated with higher prevalence of
MCI
and dementia. Controlling cardiometabolic risk factors is a potential target for prevention of adverse cognitive outcomes in
AF
patients.
Nomenclature issues into southern of South American species of Begonia (Begoniaceae)
Authors: MARTÍN CLAUDIA M. , OSPINA JUAN C. , ZANOTTI CHRISTIAN A.
Published: July 2017

This paper clarifies the typification of nine species of Begonia from South America. Lectotypes were designated for the names Begonia balansae, B. argentinensis [= B. boliviensis], B. boliviensis var. latipetala, B. subcucullata and B. cucullata var. arenosicola [= B. cucullata], B. fiebrigii, B. micranthera, B. hieronymi [=B. micranthera var. hieronymi] and B. subvillosa. Finally, we propose B. subcucullata and B. cucullata var. arenosicola as a new synonyms under B. cucullata.
A complete description of Mitracarpus diversifolius (Rubiaceae) reveals new characters for the genus
Authors: NUÑEZ FLORENTIN MARIELA , SALAS ROBERTO M. , BEZERRA DE SOUZA ELNATAN , CABRAL ELSA L.
Published: July 2017

A complete description of Mitracarpus diversifolius (Rubiaceae, Spermacoceae) based on morphological features not previously studied and now available from two recent collections, is here presented. Details of fruits and seeds of this species are now known, and some of them are unusual for the genus. The corolla is persistent on mature fruit, and the seeds have a reticulate-foveate exotesta with thickened anticlinal walls and concave periclinal walls. Illustrations and SEM micrographs of these and other characters are also provided.
A new species of Capparis (Capparaceae) from ultramafic substrata in New Caledonia
Authors: FICI SILVIO
Published: July 2017

A new species of Capparis, C. parvifolia, is described and illustrated from New Caledonia, where it is known from a few localities on Mont Kaala on ultramafic substrata. The new species is characterized by the relatively small, linear leaf-blade and by the small size of the sepals, petals, stamens, gynophore and fruit. Its affinities with related taxa are discussed and its conservation status assessed.
New species of Bulbostylis (Cyperaceae) from South America
Authors: PAULA DO NASCIMENTO PRATA ANA , GABRIELA LÓPEZ M. , WAYT THOMAS WILLIAM
Published: July 2017

During the revision of the genus Bulbostylis for Brazil four new species were found, which are proposed here. Bulbostylis amazonica, B. decidua, B. minensis and B. wanderleyana are fully described, illustrated, and compared to other South American species.
Validation of Calochortus ownbeyi (Liliaceae), a new species from northwestern Mexico
Authors: GARCÍA-MARTÍNEZ MIGUEL A. , RODRÍGUEZ AARÓN , MCDONALD HUGH P.
Published: July 2017

The name Calochortus ownbeyi has been extensively used even though it was not validly published. Accordingly, we are here validating and illustrating this species. Calochortus ownbeyi can be confused with C. venustulus, but there is morphological and molecular evidence that they are distinct species. A comparison between these two taxa and a distribution map are provided.
Protoachlya papillata (Saprolegniales, Oomycota): a new name for Protoachlya hypogyna (Coker & Pemberton) TW Johnson & RL Seym
Authors: GONÇALVES DANILO REIS , ROCHA SARAH C.O. , PIRES-ZOTTARELLI CARMEN L.A.
Published: July 2017

A new combination was proposed by Johnson and collaborators in 2005 transferring Achlya hypogyna to the genus Protoachlya based on morphological evidence. However, the proposed name Protoachlya hypogyna was not legitimate because it had been already adopted for another species. Therefore, a new name for this taxon is herein proposed and morphological and phylogenetic analyses are presented justifying the position of this species inside the genus Protoachlya. For the first time, ITS and LSU sequences of P. hypogyna are used in a phylogenetic analysis and deposited in GenBank.