bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits of heterospecific aggregation on necromass: influence of temperature, group density, and composition on fitness‐related traits
Authors: Komo Larissa , Hedouin Valéry , Charabidze Damien
Published: February 2020

Necrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) such asCalliphora vicina, a cold‐tolerant species, andLucilia sericata, a warm‐adapted species, are pioneer carrion‐breeder. Although these two species have different temperature preferences, larvae aggregate actively and often feed simultaneously on carrion. The hypothesis to be tested was thatL. sericatabenefits from the association withC. vicinaat lower temperatures (i.e., 15 °C) and thatC. vicinaderives greater benefits from this association at higher temperatures (i.e., 28 °C).

Therefore, both species were raised at these two constant temperatures from first instars to adults under three different conditions: monospecific low‐density, monospecific high‐density, and heterospecific high‐density. The time until larval migration, surface area of puparia, and survival rates were determined for each condition.

Differences between these fitness‐related traits were found between species, temperatures, group densities, and species compositions. At 28 °C,C. vicinalarvae bred in heterospecific groups migrated significantly earlier and in higher numbers than that under same density conspecific conditions, with a lower mortality rate. At 15 °C, both species benefited from high‐density heterospecific associations, expressed by faster development and larger puparia.

In conclusion, necrophagous larvae benefited from heterospecific aggregations at suboptimal temperatures by adapting their migration time to that of the faster species. Since temperature changes throughout the day and over the year, the beneficiary of such a collective association also changes. The costs involved and deviations to the temperature‐size rule highlight the complexity of the carrion ecosystem.
Drinking and responses to antidrinking messages among young adults: An fMRI study
Authors: Garrison Kathleen A. , DeMartini Kelly S. , Corlett Philip R. , Worhunsky Patrick D. , Krystal John H. , O'Malley Stephanie S.
Published: February 2020

Young adults consume most of their alcohol by binge drinking, and more than one‐third report binge drinking in the past month. Some will transition out of excessive drinking, while others will maintain or increase alcohol use into adulthood. Public health campaigns depicting negative consequences of drinking have shown some efficacy at reducing this behavior. However, substance use in dependent individuals is governed in part by automatic or habitual responses to drug cues rather than the consequences. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural responses to drinking cues and drinking cues paired with antidrinking messages among young adults who binge drink (N = 30). This study also explored responses to smoking cues and antismoking messages. Neural responses were also compared between drinking/smoking and neutral cues. Self‐reported drinking and smoking were collected at baseline, postscan, and 1 month. Results indicate that activity in the ventral striatum—implicated in reward processing—was lower for drinking cues paired with antidrinking messages than drinking cues. This difference was less pronounced in young adults who reported greater baseline past month drinking quantity. Past month drinking quantity decreased from baseline to 1 month. Further, young adults who showed higher activity during antidrinking messages in the medial prefrontal cortex—implicated in processing message self‐relevance— reported a greater decrease in past month drinking frequency from baseline to 1 month. Findings may help to identify young adults who are at risk for continued heavy drinking in adulthood and inform interventions aimed to reduce drinking and reward in young adults.
Multiplying Labour, Multiplying Resistance: Class Composition in Buenos Aires’ Clandestine Textile Workshops
Authors: Clare Nick
Published: February 2020

Buenos Aires’ talleres clandestinos (clandestine textile workshops) are powerful sites of accumulation and resistance; a complex and communitarian migrant economy. The economy’s complexity is, however, masked by its spatiality, clandestinity, and the promotion of culturalist analyses that ignore intra‐collective class differentials. This paper considers the “autonomy of migration” approach through the lens of “class composition” to explore the talleres’ contours. Witnessed in the talleres is a clear “multiplication of labour”, yet approaching this multiplication compositionally highlights the multiple examples of resistance and refusal immanent to the workshop economy. But this dialectic of control and resistance transcends the workplace, with the talleres one node in a wider, socially reproductive borderscape. By developing a framework that neither condemns nor celebrates economic structures like the talleres, but instead unpacks their antagonistic nature, the paper highlights the benefits of (a) analysing the autonomy of migration approach compositionally, and (b) further geographical engagement with autonomist thinking.
Can postoperative dexamethasone nanoparticle eye drops replace mitomycin C in trabeculectomy?
Authors: Jóhannesson Gauti , Gottfredsdóttir María Soffía , Ásgrimsdóttir Guðrún Marta , Loftsson Thorsteinn , Stefánsson Einar
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Compare (a) nonmitomycin C (MMC) trabeculectomy and 1.5% dexamethasone nanoparticle (DexNP) eye drops postoperatively with (b) trabeculectomy with MMC and Maxidex® eye drops postoperatively.

Methods

Randomized prospective single masked clinical trial with 20 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy. The study group consisted of 10 patients without MMC intraoperatively and postoperative DexNP eye drops, and the control group consisted of 10 patients treated with MMC intraoperatively and postoperative Maxidex®. The drops were tapered out over 8 weeks. The main outcome measures were as follows: rates of complete success, that is intraocular pressure (IOP) within target pressures at different time‐points without IOP‐lowering medication, or reoperation. Secondary outcome measures included the following: relative success rate (with IOP‐lowering medications), number of glaucoma medications and reoperations. Patients were followed for 36 months.

Results

Both groups showed similar postoperative course and IOP reduction. Intraocular pressures (IOPs) in the DexNP group and in the control group were 25.6 and 24.4 mmHg, respectively, at baseline. Intraocular pressures (IOPs) were reduced to 13.2 and 14.5 mmHg at 12 months, 11.7 and 12.6 mmHg at 24 months and 11.7 and 12.1 mmHg at 36 months, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in absolute (p = 0.36) or relative (p = 1.0) success rates, number of medications (p = 0.71) or reoperations (p = 1.0) between the groups at any time‐point.

Conclusions

DexNP eye drops are effective postoperative treatment following trabeculectomy. The potent anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effect of DexNP may offer an alternative to mitomycin C in glaucoma surgery.
Spontaneous hypocarbia without mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia
Authors: Stenzel Melanie , Stüwe‐Kunz Laura , Bührer Christoph , Roll Claudia
Published: February 2020

Aim

Hypocarbia induced by mechanical ventilation has been considered a main cause of cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL). However, hypocarbia may occur spontaneously in response to intracellular metabolic acidosis. We aimed to assess whether hypocarbia is more common during mechanical respiratory support than during spontaneous ventilation in infants with cPVL.

Method

In this single‐centre, retrospective chart analysis, we compared partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the first 96 hours of life in infants with cPVL during endotracheal mechanical ventilation, non‐invasive respiratory support, or without respiratory support.

Results

Cystic periventricular leukomalacia was diagnosed in 23 infants born between 2006 and 2017. Gestational age was 24 weeks in two infants and ranged between 28 and 32 weeks in 21 infants. In these 21 infants, pCO2 less than 35 mm Hg during the first 96 ours of life accounted for 9/60 (15%) measurements during endotracheal mechanical ventilation, 16/116 (14%) during non‐invasive respiratory support and 14/42 (33%) in infants without respiratory support (P = .014).

Conclusion

In our series of infants with cPVL, hypocarbia was more common without respiratory support than during endotracheal mechanical ventilation and non‐invasive respiratory support. This would suggest that hypocarbia is a symptom rather than a cause of cPVL in these infants.
The unseen transboundary commons that matter for Cambodia's inland fisheries: Changing sediment flows in the Mekong hydrological flood pulse
Authors: Grundy‐Warr Carl , Lin Shaun
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on the ‘the unseen transboundary commons’ of residues, nutrients and mobile matter associated with the annual flood pulse that support Cambodia's inland fisheries. We develop the idea of biophysical geopolitics concentrating on political‐socio‐natures rather than the purely biophysical. In the context of multiple mega‐projects in the Basin, we argue the flood pulse has become increasingly compromised, which is an urgent socio‐ecological security issue facing the Mekong region. Scores of livelihoods are dependent on the hydrological flood pulse via the reproduction of the inland fisheries, and a diversity of wetlands resources. Our paper builds on cross‐comparative research focusing on a geo‐strategic mouth of the Tonle Sap (Chhnok Tru) and a transborder area along the Mekong main‐stream (Stung Treng, Cambodia – Champasak, Laos area). By viewing biophysical matter as becoming trans‐border geopolitical matter, we wish to emphasise the critical socio‐ecological character of the hydrological flood pulse, and the urgency of cumulative spatial and temporal changes affecting diverse wetlands communities. Loss of wild capture fisheries and the more unpredictable flows of the Mekong are signs of an emergent and dangerous era of increasing environmental insecurity.
Improving the prediction of acute myeloid leukaemia outcomes by complementing mutational profiling with ex vivo chemosensitivity
Authors: Onecha Esther , Ruiz‐Heredia Yanira , Martínez‐Cuadrón David , Barragán Eva , Martinez‐Sanchez Pilar , Linares María , Rapado Inmaculada , Perez‐Oteyza Jaime , Magro Elena , Herrera Pilar , Rojas José Luis , Gorrochategui Julián , Villoria Jesús , Boluda Blanca , Sargas Claudia , Ballesteros Joan , Montesinos Pau , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Ayala Rosa
Published: February 2020

Refractoriness to induction therapy and relapse after complete remission are the leading causes of death in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This study focussed on the prediction of response to standard induction therapy and outcome of patients with AML using a combined strategy of mutational profiling by next‐generation sequencing (NGS, n = 190) and ex vivo PharmaFlow testing (n = 74) for the 10 most widely used drugs for AML induction therapy, in a cohort of adult patients uniformly treated according to Spanish PETHEMA guidelines. We identified an adverse mutational profile (EZH2, KMT2A, U2AF1 and/or TP53 mutations) that carries a greater risk of death [hazard ratio (HR): 3·29, P < 0·0001]. A high correlation was found between the ex vivo PharmaFlow results and clinical induction response (69%). Clinical correlation analysis showed that the pattern of multiresistance revealed by ex vivo PharmaFlow identified patients with a high risk of death (HR: 2·58). Patients with mutation status also ran a high risk (HR 4·19), and the risk was increased further in patients with both adverse profiles (HR 4·82). We have developed a new score based on NGS and ex vivo drug testing for AML patients that improves upon current prognostic risk stratification and allows clinicians to tailor treatments to minimise drug resistance.
In the wall lies the truth: a systematic review of diagnostic markers in intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Jabbarli Ramazan , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Dinger Thiemo Florin , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Rodemerk Jan , Pierscianek Daniela , Dammann Philipp , Junker Andreas , Sure Ulrich , Wrede Karsten H.
Published: February 2020

Objective: Despite recent advances in molecular biology and genetics, the development of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is still poorly understood. Elucidation of the processes occurring in the IA wall is essential for a better understanding of IA pathophysiology. We sought to analyze the current evidence from histological, molecular and genetic studies of IA. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for articles published before Mar 1, 2019 reporting on different diagnostic markers in human IA specimens. Expression of the markers in IA wall (vs. healthy arterial wall) and association with the rupture status were analyzed. The quality of the included studies and the level of the evidence for the markers were incorporated into the final data assessment. Results: We included 123 studies reporting on analyses of 3476 IA (median 19 IA/study) published between 1966 and 2018. Based on microscopic, biochemical, genetic and biomechanical analyses, data on 358 diagnostic targets in the IA wall were collected. We developed a scale to distribute the diagnostic markers according to their specificity for IA or healthy arterial wall, as well as for ruptured or unruptured IA. We identified different functional pathways, which might reflect the intrinsic and extrinsic processes underlying IA pathophysiology. Conclusions: Multiple histological and molecular markers and the related functional pathways contributing to the development of IA might present promising targets for future therapeutic interventions. Because of small numbers of IA samples in each study, 89% of the analyzed diagnostic markers presented with the lowest level of evidence. This underlines the need for the initiation of a multi‐centric prospective histological IA register for pooled data analysis.
Habitat size thresholds for predators: Why damselflies only occur in large bromeliads
Authors: Srivastava Diane S. , Ware Jessica L. , Ngai Jacqueline T. , Starzomski Brian M. , Amundrud Sarah L.
Published: February 2020

Predators are often more sensitive to habitat size than their prey and frequently occur in only the largest habitats. Four explanations have been proposed for this pattern: (a) Small habitats do not have enough energy to support higher trophic levels; (b) small habitats are less likely to contain particular prey required by specialist predators; (c) small habitats are risky for predators with slow life histories or large body sizes; and (d) small habitats are numerically unlikely to be colonized by regionally rare species, such as predators. We critically examine these four hypotheses in relation to the predatory damselfly larva, Mecistogaster modesta Selys. (Pseudostigmatidae), which occurs almost exclusively in bromeliads > 100ml in capacity. We synthesize multiple years of survey data and three manipulative experiments from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, to conclude that damselflies do not occur in small bromeliads due to their higher risk of desiccation—not because of energetic limitation, trophic specialization, risk of terrestrial predation, or pure numerical effects. These results suggest that recent and predicted declines in precipitation in northwestern Costa Rica may further restrict bromeliad occupancy by damselflies, with cascading consequences for the rest of the aquatic food web.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Assessing the potential for indirect interactions between tropical tree species via shared insect seed predators
Authors: Downey Harriet , Lewis Owen T. , Bonsall Michael B. , Ward Alan , Gripenberg Sofia
Published: February 2020

Natural enemies of plants have the potential to influence the dynamics of plant populations and the structure of plant communities. In diverse tropical forests, research on the effects of plant enemies has largely focused on the diversity‐enhancing effects of highly specialized enemies, while the community‐level effects of enemies with broader diets have rarely been considered. We investigated the community of insect seed predators interacting with seven tree species in the family Lauraceae on Barro Colorado Island (Panama). We present one of the first quantitative food webs for pre‐dispersal insect seed predators and their host plants, and use the information in the web to assess the potential for indirect interactions between the tree species. Our data suggest that there is high potential for indirect interactions between Lauraceae species via their shared seed predators. The strength and direction of these interactions are largely unrelated to the phylogenetic distance and trait similarity between species but are likely governed by the volume of fruit produced by each tree species.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
The arboreal ants of a Neotropical rain forest show high species density and comprise one third of the ant fauna
Authors: Longino John T. , Colwell Robert K.
Published: February 2020

In tropical rain forests, the ant community can be divided into ground and arboreal faunas. Here, we report a thorough sampling of the arboreal ant fauna of La Selva Biological Station, a Neotropical rain forest site. Forty‐five canopy fogging samples were centered around large trees. Individual samples harbored an average of 35 ant species, with up to 55 species in a single sample. The fogging samples yielded 163 observed species total, out of a statistically estimated 199 species. We found no relationship between within‐sample ant richness and focal tree species, nor were the ant faunas of nearby trees more similar to each other than the faunas of widely spaced trees. Species density was high, and beta diversity was low: A single column of vegetation typically harbors at least a fifth of the entire arboreal ant fauna. Considering the entire fauna, based on 23,326 species occurrence records using a wide variety of collecting methods, 182 of 539 observed species (196 of 605, estimated statistically) were entirely arboreal. The arboreal ant fauna is thus about a third of the total La Selva ant fauna, a robust result because inventory completeness was similar for ground and arboreal ants. The taxonomic history of discovery of the species that make up the La Selva fauna reveals no disproportionately large pool of undiscovered ant species in the canopy. The "last biotic frontier" for tropical ants has been the rotten wood, leaf litter, and soil of the forest floor.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Effort and wages: Evidence from the payroll tax
Authors: Lang Kevin
Published: February 2020

I show that under a canonical efficiency‐wage model, a per capita employment tax levied on the employer raises the wage. In contrast, under market clearing, wages fall regardless of whether effort is contractible. I examine the effect of increases in the earnings base for the payroll tax in the United States on wages of high‐wage workers for whom the change represents an increase in a per capita tax. In most specifications, the results suggest that wages rose, consistent with the efficiency‐wage model, but they are generally too imprecise to rule out large effects of wages on non‐contractible productivity that are insufficient to prevent market clearing. Provided labour demand is inelastic, the results are inconsistent with a model of contractible effort.
Using visual analytics to develop human and machine‐centric models: A review of approaches and proposed information technology
Authors: Krak Iurii , Barmak Olexander , Manziuk Eduard
Published: February 2020

The use of a visual analytical system in machine learning is the basis for the integration of human and the use of his intellectual capabilities in the construction of models. At the same time, visual analytics is used to expand human knowledge and is used as a research tool. We investigate the forms and goals of using visual analytics workflow toward the formation of the final product. Workflow is divided into human‐oriented and machine‐oriented in order to build a model as an information processor and decision‐making mechanism. Models are built on the basis of the end user, which can be either a machine or a human. The concepts of model building and the role of machines and humans in these processes are investigated. A practical implementation of the classification information technology in the studied concept “using opposite model” in the machine‐oriented visual analytics workflow for using the machine model is proposed. The basis for this model is a model formed and used by human. To classify data, human intellectual abilities are used. The boundaries of classes are determined by a human and then projected into a hyperspace of attributes with the formation of a classification model that the machine uses. Information technology allows the machine to use a model built for humans.
Options for the treatment of intrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: Salvage liver transplantation or rehepatectomy?
Authors: Fang Jiong‐Ze , Xiang Li , Hu Yang‐Ke , Yang Yong , Zhu Hong‐Da , Lu Cai‐De
Published: February 2020

Objective

To explore prognostic factors by comparing the efficacy of salvage liver transplantation (sLT) and rehepatectomy (RH) for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy.

Methods

Clinical data were collected for 124 patients treated at our center from January 2012 to August 2018. The median follow‐up time for the patients was 39 months. By analyzing the clinical data between the sLT group (46 cases) and RH group (78 cases), the factors affecting the prognosis of patients were compared.

Results

The proportion of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 100 µg/L in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the recurrence‐free group (70.0% vs 22.2%, P = .014). The postoperative overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were better in the sLT group than in the RH group (81.2% vs 36.9%, P < .01; 77.1% vs 55.6%, P = .019). In the sLT group, the OS and RFS in the AFP < 100 µg/L group were superior to those in the AFP ≥ 100 µg/L group (P = .046 and P = .002).

Conclusion

The sLT group had achieved better efficacy than RH group, but when AFP ≥ 100 µg/L, sLT did not achieve better efficacy than RH.
The role of deceased donor liver biopsy: An analysis of 5449 liver transplant recipients
Authors: Patel Madhukar S. , Mohebali Jahan , Coe Taylor M. , Sally Mitchell , Groat Tahnee , Niemann Claus U. , Malinoski Darren J. , Vagefi Parsia A.
Published: February 2020

Background

No standard exists for the use of deceased donor liver biopsy during procurement. We sought to evaluate liver biopsy and the impact of findings on outcomes and graft utilization.

Methods

A prospective observational study of donors after neurologic determination of death was conducted from 02/2012‐08/2017 (16 OPOs). Donor data were collected through the UNOS Donor Management Goals Registry Web Portal and linked to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) for recipient outcomes. Recipients of biopsied donor livers (BxDL) were studied and a Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify independent predictors of 1‐year graft survival.

Results

Data from 5449 liver transplant recipients were analyzed, of which 1791(33%) received a BxDL. There was no difference in graft or patient survival between the non‐BxDL and BxDL recipient groups. On adjusted analysis of BxDL recipients, macrosteatosis (21%‐30%[n = 148] and >30%[n = 92]) was not found to predict 1‐year graft survival, whereas increasing donor age (HR1.02), donor Hispanic ethnicity (HR1.62), donor INR (HR1.18), and recipient life support (HR2.29) were.

Conclusions

Excellent graft and patient survival can be achieved in recipients of BxDL grafts. Notably, as demonstrated by the lack of effect of macrosteatosis on survival, donor to recipient matching may contribute to these outcomes.
Hypoperfusion intensity ratio correlates with angiographic collaterals in acute ischaemic stroke with M1 occlusion
Authors: Guenego A. , Fahed R. , Albers G. W. , Kuraitis G. , Sussman E. S. , Martin B. W. , Marcellus D. G. , Olivot J.‐M. , Marks M. P. , Lansberg M. G. , Wintermark M. , Heit J. J.
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose

Among patients with an acute ischaemic stroke secondary to large‐vessel occlusion, the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) [time to maximum (TMax) > 10 volume/TMax > 6 volume] is a strong predictor of infarct growth. We studied the correlation between HIR and collaterals assessed with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before thrombectomy.

Methods

Between January 2014 and March 2018, consecutive patients with an acute ischaemic stroke and an M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion who underwent perfusion imaging and endovascular treatment at our center were screened. Ischaemic core (mL), HIR and perfusion mismatch (TMax > 6 s minus core volume) were assessed through magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography perfusion. Collaterals were assessed on pre‐intervention DSA using the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) scale. Baseline clinical and perfusion characteristics were compared between patients with good (ASITN/SIR score 3–4) and those with poor (ASITN/SIR score 0–2) DSA collaterals. Correlation between HIR and ASITN/SIR scores was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal HIR threshold for the prediction of good DSA collaterals.

Results

A total of 98 patients were included; 49% (48/98) had good DSA collaterals and these patients had significantly smaller hypoperfusion volumes (TMax > 6 s, 89 vs. 125 mL; P = 0.007) and perfusion mismatch volumes (72 vs. 89 mL; P = 0.016). HIR was significantly correlated with DSA collaterals (−0.327; 95% confidence interval, −0.494 to −0.138; P = 0.01). An HIR cut‐off of <0.4 best predicted good DSA collaterals with an odds ratio of 4.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.8–10.1) (sensitivity, 0.792; specificity, 0.560; area under curve, 0.708).

Conclusion

The HIR is a robust indicator of angiographic collaterals and might be used as a surrogate of collateral assessment in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. HIR <0.4 best predicted good DSA collaterals.
Predictors of focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures during long‐term video‐EEG monitoring
Authors: Pensel Max C. , Schnuerch Martin , Elger Christian E. , Surges Rainer
Published: February 2020

Objective

To determine predictors of focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (FBTCS) during video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEM).

Methods

All adult patients undergoing presurgical VEM from 2014 to 2015 in the department of epileptology were eligible (N = 229). Those with refractory focal epilepsy and epileptic seizures recorded during VEM were analyzed (N = 188, Group 1). To assess the effects of antiepileptic drug (AED) taper, the total AED load was calculated as the sum of the ratios of prescribed daily dose and defined daily dose of all AEDs per VEM day and was correlated with the occurrence of focal seizures without bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (FwoBTCS) and FBTCS. To validate the findings, data of patients undergoing VEM in 2004 and 2005 (Group 2, eligible N = 243, analyzed N = 203) were also investigated.

Results

In Group 1, 53 patients had FBTCS and 135 patients had exclusively FwoBTCS during VEM. Reduced AED load at seizure onset was the most important modifiable risk factor for FBTCS (receiver‐operating characteristic [ROC]: area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78). Furthermore, the risk of FBTCS varied with the history and frequency of FBTCS prior to VEM. For instance, patients had a 50% risk of FBTCS by reducing the AED load to ~20% when no information about history of FBTCS was taken into account, to ~30% when a positive history of FBTCS was taken into account, and to ~50% when a high frequency of FBTCS prior to VEM was taken into account. These findings were largely replicated in Group 2 (59 patients with FBTCS and 144 exclusively with FwoBTCS).

Significance

The risk of FTBCS during VEM depends on the history and frequency of FTBCS prior to VEM and is particularly associated with the extent of AED reduction. Our data underscore the need for appropriate tapering regimens in VEM units.
How Does Migraine Change After 10 Years? A Clinical Cohort Follow‐Up Analysis
Authors: Caronna Edoardo , Gallardo Victor José , Fonseca Elena , Gómez‐Galván Juan Bernardo , Alpuente Alicia , Torres‐Ferrus Marta , Pozo‐Rosich Patricia
Published: February 2020

Objective

To describe the 10‐year evolution of a cohort of migraine patients, focusing on prognostic factors of improvement.

Background

Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling diseases and migraineurs often want to know about the evolutionary timeline of their condition. Yet, data from longitudinal studies with a long‐term follow‐up is scarce.

Methods

This is a 10‐year longitudinal study. In 2008, we recruited 1109 consecutive migraine patients who answered an initial survey. In 2018, we did a follow‐up. We compared initial and final (after 10 years) data. A reduction ≥50% in Headache days/month was considered as improvement. A comparative study was carried out to identify predictors of improvement or no improvement.

Results

After 10 years, 380 patients completed the survey (34.3% of the initial cohort), 77.1% (293/380) were women; mean age 41.0 ± 10.6 years and 73.7% (280/380) had an initial diagnosis of episodic migraine (EM). After 10 years, 48.2% (183/380) of patients did not have a medical follow‐up of their migraine; 47.4% (180/380) decreased ≥50% in frequency, which increased the proportion of EM (73.7% vs 87.4%) (P < .001) as compared to the initial results. Factors independently associated with improvement were: a baseline frequency >10 days/month (OR[95%]: 3.04 [1.89, 4.89]; P < .001), nonsmoking (2.13 [1.23, 3.67]; P = .006) and a medical follow‐up for migraine (2.45 [1.54, 3.90]; P < .001). Additionally, after 10 years, we observed a reduction in the use of preventive treatment (48.7% vs 23.5%) and an increase in monotherapy (42.2% vs 72.7%) (P < .001).

Conclusion

After 10 years, in almost half of the patients who answered the survey, migraine improved. Other than the natural pathophysiology of migraine, having a medical follow‐up and healthy habits such as nonsmoking were independent factors associated with improvement.
Control of the near‐surface OH concentration of float glass by anodic proton injection
Authors: Miyasaka Satoshi , Ishiyama Tomohiro , Hayashi Yasuo , Omata Takahisa
Published: February 2020

Controlling the OH concentration near the float glass surface was investigated via anodic proton injection into a glass melt under conditions simulating the float glass process. A DC voltage of 1‐4 V was applied to the glass at 1000°C between the molten tin as an anode and graphite placed on the glass as a cathode. Although the OH concentration of the glass near the glass/tin interface was controlled to the same level as that in the interior of the glass when a DC voltage of 3 V was applied, the decrease in Na concentration, one order of magnitude greater than the amount of injected protons, was observed around the glass/tin interface. Therefore, the OH concentration by dehydration cannot be restored using anodic proton injection without substantial composition change. Tin was observed to be electrochemically injected into the glass when a DC voltage of >4 V was applied, and majority of the injected protons were released from the glass under the experimental conditions. Finally, the conditions that achieved an OH concentration near the glass/tin interface matching with that in the interior of the glass without substantial composition change around the anode are discussed and proposed.
A Framework for Measuring the Amount of Adaptation of Rasch‐based Computerized Adaptive Tests
Authors: Wyse Adam E. , McBride James R.
Published: February 2020

A key consideration when giving any computerized adaptive test (CAT) is how much adaptation is present when the test is used in practice. This study introduces a new framework to measure the amount of adaptation of Rasch‐based CATs based on looking at the differences between the selected item locations (Rasch item difficulty parameters) of the administered items and target item locations determined from provisional ability estimates at the start of each item. Several new indices based on this framework are introduced and compared to previously suggested measures of adaptation using simulated and real test data. Results from the simulation indicate that some previously suggested indices are not as sensitive to changes in item pool size and the use of constraints as the new indices and may not work as well under different item selection rules. The simulation study and real data example also illustrate the utility of using the new indices to measure adaptation at both a group and individual level. Discussion is provided on how one may use several of the indices to measure adaptation of Rasch‐based CATs in practice.
GDSL esterase/lipases OsGELP34 and OsGELP110/OsGELP115 are essential for rice pollen development
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Wang Menglong , Li Yiqi , Yan Wei , Chang Zhenyi , Ni Haoling , Chen Zhufeng , Wu Jianxin , Xu Chunjue , Deng Xing Wang , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: February 2020

Pollen exine contains complex biopolymers of aliphatic lipids and phenolics. Abnormal development of pollen exine often leads to plant sterility. Molecular mechanisms regulating exine formation have been studied extensively but remain ambiguous. Here we report the analyses of three GDSL esterase/lipase protein genes, OsGELP34, OsGELP110, and OsGELP115, for rice exine formation. OsGELP34 was identified by cloning of a male sterile mutant gene. OsGELP34 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum protein and was mainly expressed in anthers during pollen exine formation. osgelp34 mutant displayed abnormal exine and altered expression of a number of key genes required for pollen development. OsGELP110 was previously identified as a gene differentially expressed in meiotic anthers. OsGELP110 was most homologous to OsGELP115, and the two genes showed similar gene expression patterns. Both OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 proteins were localized in peroxisomes. Individual knockout of OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 did not affect the plant fertility, but double knockout of both genes altered the exine structure and rendered the plant male sterile. OsGELP34 is distant from OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 in sequence, and osgelp34 and osgelp110/osgelp115 mutants were different in anther morphology despite both were male sterile. These results suggested that OsGELP34 and OsGELP110/OsGELP115 catalyze different compounds for pollen exine development.
The Role of Butch versus Femme Identity in Body Image and Breast Health Among Lesbians in Taiwan: Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ching , Chang Shiow‐Ru , Miao Nae‐Fang
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The views of butch‐ and femme‐identified lesbians toward their own breasts, breast cancer, breast cancer screenings, and their behavior and intentions toward breast health care were examined and compared in this study.

Methods

A total of 208 Taiwanese lesbians (134 butch‐identified lesbians and 78 femme‐identified lesbians) completed an online survey.

Results

Butch‐identified lesbians were more likely to hold negative views regarding their own breasts, which were found to be significantly and negatively associated with their actions in performing breast self‐examinations when compared with femme‐identified lesbians.

Conclusions

Healthcare providers should be aware of and provide culturally competent care to lesbians with different identities.

Clinical Relevance

The results can be employed as evidence for promoting lesbians’ breast health, particularly butch‐identified lesbians. Healthcare providers should provide a supportive environment in order to promote a positive body image and improve breast health among lesbians.
The Explanatory Power of the Soul
Authors: Friberg‐Fernros Henrik
Published: February 2020

Liberalism and naturalism are the reigning orthodoxies of most faculties today, while dualism is overwhelmingly rejected. The overarching claim defended in this paper is that liberals should consider dualism more seriously than what currently seems to be the case. This claim will be defended in two stages. First, I will argue that dualism provides better resources with which to defend foundational liberal commitments to human equality and human agency than those naturalism offers. Secondly, I will argue that dualism is plausible enough to be seriously considered by liberals granted that this view is friendlier to liberal commitments than naturalism is.
Judaism and the Contingency of Religious Law in Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason
Authors: Haring James
Published: February 2020

For Kant’s moral universalism, contingent religious law is legitimate only when it serves as a means of fulfilling the moral law. Though Kant uses traditional theological resources to account for the possibility of “statutory ecclesiastical law” in historical religions, he denies this possibility to Jewish law. Something like Kant’s logic appears in the work of some of his intellectual successors who continue to define Christianity in terms of its moral superiority to Judaism while attempting to excise remaining “Jewish” elements from it. A more adequate account of the Hebrew Bible, Judaism, and the origins of Christianity exposes deficiencies in Kant’s universalizing logic which seems to deny any intrinsic value to historical religions. A possible alternative may lie in a modified account of the relationship between the moral law and religious law, perhaps nourished by Jewish thought, including the rabbinic tradition of the Noachide commandments.
Compression test of soft gellan gels using a soft machine equipped with a transparent artificial tongue
Authors: Kohyama Kaoru
Published: February 2020

A soft machine system (texture analyzer equipped with an artificial tongue) was developed to analyze the occurrence of fractures in soft food gels compressed between the tongue and hard palate. Artificial tongues were newly designed with a modulus similar to that of a somewhat tense human tongue, using transparent urethane gels. A model of soft foods that are easy or difficult to crush with the tongue was prepared using gellan gums at different concentrations. A piece of gellan gum gel was uniaxially compressed on an artificial tongue with the flat probe of a texture analyzer. The food gel and artificial tongue were deformed, leading to the fracturing of food gels alone. During compression‐induced fracture, the softer food gels exhibited a lower force, lower displacement, and lower true stress than the harder gels on all artificial tongues. The fracture probability of gellan gels was lower for the combination of harder food gels and softer artificial tongues, as softer materials can deform to a larger extent. Fracture displacement of food gels was increased as the modulus of the artificial tongue decreased; however, the fracture force did not differ significantly. These results suggest that an artificial tongue with elastic modulus values similar to those of the actual human tongue is suitable for determining the fracture behavior of foods during compression between the tongue and hard palate.
An initial comparative genomic autopsy of wasting disease in sea stars
Authors: Ruiz‐Ramos Dannise V. , Schiebelhut Lauren M. , Hoff Katharina J. , Wares John P. , Dawson Michael N
Published: February 2020

Beginning in 2013, sea stars throughout the Eastern North Pacific were decimated by wasting disease, also known as “asteroid idiopathic wasting syndrome” (AIWS) due to its elusive aetiology. The geographic extent and taxonomic scale of AIWS meant events leading up to the outbreak were heterogeneous, multifaceted, and oftentimes unobserved; progression from morbidity to death was rapid, leaving few tell‐tale symptoms. Here, we take a forensic genomic approach to discover candidate genes that may help explain sea star wasting syndrome. We report the first genome and annotation for Pisaster ochraceus, along with differential gene expression (DGE) analyses in four size classes, three tissue types, and in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. We integrate nucleotide polymorphisms associated with survivors of the wasting disease outbreak, DGE associated with temperature treatments in P. ochraceus, and DGE associated with wasting in another asteroid Pycnopodia helianthoides. In P. ochraceus, we found DGE across all tissues, among size classes, and between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals; the strongest wasting‐associated DGE signal was in pyloric caecum. We also found previously identified outlier loci co‐occur with differentially expressed genes. In cross‐species comparisons of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, consistent responses distinguish genes associated with invertebrate innate immunity and chemical defence, consistent with context‐dependent stress responses, defensive apoptosis, and tissue degradation. Our analyses thus highlight genomic constituents that may link suspected environmental drivers (elevated temperature) with intrinsic differences among individuals (age/size, alleles associated with susceptibility) that elicit organismal responses (e.g., coelomocyte proliferation) and manifest as sea star wasting mass mortality.
Wavelet‐based approach of time series model for modal identification of a bridge with incomplete input
Authors: Huang C. S. , Le Q. T. , Su W. C. , Chen C. H.
Published: February 2020

Identification of modal parameters of a bridge from its earthquake responses is crucial for performing damage assessment of the structure. However, all the input base excitations of the bridge may not be measured because of economic concerns and sensor malfunctions. Consequently, evaluating the modal parameters of a bridge under the consideration of incomplete input measurements is a challenging and important task. An approach that combines the continuous Cauchy wavelet transform with an autoregressive time‐varying moving average with exogenous input (AR‐TVMA‐X) model is proposed in this study to identify the modal parameters of a multispan bridge under multiple support earthquake excitations with incomplete measurements. The efficiency and efficacy of the proposed approach are first validated using numerically simulated responses of a three‐span continuous beam subjected to multiple support nonstationary excitations. A standard procedure of using the proposed approach to identify the modal parameters is established according to comprehensive studies on the effects of noise in the data, the number of supports whose excitations are used in the AR‐TVMA‐X model, and the orders of the AR‐TVMA‐X model on the accuracy of identifying the modal parameters. This procedure is further applied to process the earthquake responses of a two‐span cable‐stayed 510‐m‐long bridge to demonstrate the engineering applicability of the proposed approach.
Reports from Twin Earth: Both deep structure and appearance determine the reference of natural kind terms
Authors: Haukioja Jussi , Nyquist Mons , Jylkkä Jussi
Published: February 2020

Following the influential thought experiments by Hilary Putnam and others, philosophers of language have for the most part adopted semantic externalism concerning natural kind terms. In this article, we present results from three experiments on the reference of natural kind terms. Our results confirm some standard externalist assumptions, but are in conflict with others: Ordinary speakers take both appearance and underlying nature to be central in their categorization judgments. Moreover, our results indicate that speakers’ categorization judgments are gradual, and proportional to the degree of similarity between new samples and familiar, “standard” samples. These findings pose problems for traditional theories, both externalist and internalist.
De novo genome assembly of Candida glabrata reveals cell wall protein complement and structure of dispersed tandem repeat arrays
Authors: Xu Zhuwei , Green Brian , Benoit Nicole , Schatz Michael , Wheelan Sarah , Cormack Brendan
Published: February 2020

Candida glabratais an opportunistic pathogen in humans, responsible for approximately 20% of disseminated candidiasis. Candida glabrata's ability to adhere to host tissue is mediated by GPI‐anchored cell wall proteins (GPI‐CWPs); the corresponding genes contain long tandem repeat regions. These repeat regions resulted in assembly errors in the reference genome. Here, we performed a de novo assembly of the C. glabrata type strain CBS138 using long single‐molecule real‐time reads, with short read sequences (Illumina) for refinement, and constructed telomere‐to‐telomere assemblies of all 13 chromosomes. Our assembly has excellent agreement overall with the current reference genome, but we made substantial corrections within tandem repeat regions. Specifically, we removed 62 genes of which 45 were scrambled due to misassembly in the reference. We annotated 31 novel ORFs of which 24 ORFs are GPI‐CWPs. In addition, we corrected the tandem repeat structure of an additional 21 genes. Our corrections to the genome were substantial, with the length of new genes and tandem repeat corrections amounting to approximately 3.8% of the ORFeome length. As most corrections were within the coding regions of GPI‐CWP genes, our genome assembly establishes a high‐quality reference set of genes and repeat structures for the functional analysis of these cell surface proteins.
Responses of Nouelia insignis Franch (Asteraceae) and Terminalia franchetii Gagnep. (Combretaceae) seedlings to long‐term water stress
Authors: Liu FangYan , Gao ChengJie , Chen Min , Sun YongYu , Li Kun
Published: February 2020

The responses in terms of seedling growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis of Nouelia insignis Franch. and Terminalia franchetii Gagnep. to long‐term water stress were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Three‐month‐old seedlings were subjected to the following water supplies for about 79 days: 80, 60, 40 and 20% of field water capacity (FC). The results showed that, as water stress was increased, seedling height, leaf number, root length, specific leaf area (SLA), biomass production and stomatal limitation value (Ls) of both seedlings decreased, and water use efficiency (WUE) increased, and biomass allocation, the diurnal gas exchange and Pn‐PAR response curves also altered. Water supply <40% FC was the threshold of drought‐initiated negative effects on these parameters of both seedlings. Most growth and biomass parameters of T. franchetii seedlings were much higher than those of N. insignis seedlings. However, T. franchetii seedlings were more vulnerable to long‐term water stress than N. insignis seedlings. Simultaneously, N. insignis seedlings had a higher ability to use strong light and a lower ability to use weak light than T. franchetii seedlings. Although water stress had a great impact on their growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis, both of N. insignis and T. franchetii seedlings displayed considerable water stress resistance, and they tolerated even the most severe water stress (20% FC), and no seedlings died. However, the field conditions were worse; most of them might be hard to get though the long dry season.