bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role and Origins of Mercian Settlements with the Place-Name Worth
Authors: Aldred Graham
Published: November 2023

It is commonly recognised that in the Anglo-Saxon world, the naming of geographical features and settlement names was far from arbitrary. Settlement names were specifically descriptive, communicating more than simply the name of a landscape aspect. Previous examinations of settlements containing the Old English term worth, along with its cognates worthy and wardine, have been limited to small regions or county-level analyses. Uniquely, this monograph examines the characteristics of these places in the wider context of the kingdom of Mercia (6th century AD-9th century AD). Worths are found clustered near boundaries and at the junctions of major lines of communication, as well as shared by similar topographic features. Mercia controlled territory spanning from Offa’s Dyke in the west to the North Sea, and the Thames Valley in the south to the rivers Humber and Dee in the north. This expanse allows for the study of a broad geographical and political context. Offa’s Dyke, the most prominent feature of Mercian power, confirms the assertion of local control in defence of the kingdom’s land wealth. The remarkable placement of worths throughout the landscape hints at a level of control previously unrecorded in Anglo-Saxon England.
Hidden biodiversity in herbarium collections: experience of searching for lichenicolous fungi in lichen herbaria
Authors: Zhurbenko M. P.
Published: November 2023

Lichen herbaria contain a large number of parasitic fungi accidentally collected along with lichens. Various aspects of searching for lichenicolous fungi in lichen herbaria are discussed. The productivity of such searches, including the discovery of species new to science, may be higher than when these fungi are searched in nature. In one day’s work, 20–25 specimens of lichenicolous fungi can be found in the herbarium, and 2–15 specimens can be found in field studies.
A Study on the Benefits and Limitations of Software Testing Principles and Techniques: Software Quality Engineering
Authors: Pargaonkar Shravan
Published: November 2023

A Study on the Benefits and Limitations ofSoftware Testing Principles and Techniques:Software Quality Engineering
Managing Change and Innovation
Authors: Permatahati Tasa
Published: November 2023

Perubahan Organisasi Perubahan apa pun pada orang, struktur, atau teknologi Sebuah organisasi Karakteristik Perubahan Konstan namun bervariasi dalam derajat dan arah Menghasilkan ketidakpastian namun tidak sepenuhnya tidak dapat diprediksi Menciptakan ancaman dan peluang
The Mental Health Impact of Working in Asylum Law: A Systematic Review
Authors: Holt Leah , Mulcaire Jessie , O'Driscoll Ciarán , Zard Sana , Brady Francesca
Published: November 2023

Aims: Legal professionals work closely with asylum seekers at many points during an asylum claim. Whilst there is an increasing literature examining the mental health impact of working with traumatised populations, there has been limited evidence focusing on the field of asylum law. This review aims to synthesise the current qualitative and quantitative literature on the mental health impacts of working in asylum law. Method: A systematic search across eight databases retrieved 11 studies (six qualitative; three quantitative; and two mixed methods). A thematic synthesis was completed for the qualitative research and a narrative synthesis was completed for the quantitative research, before the findings were integrated into a combined synthesis. Results: Four main themes and 13 subthemes were generated by the qualitative research. The main themes were: Emotional labour; Working in a broken system; Emotions do not mix with law; and Detachment. The quantitative synthesis found a variety of measures used in the literature, indicating that common mental health concerns, such as burnout, depression, anxiety, PTSD and secondary trauma symptoms are present across this professional group. The synthesis also provides preliminary findings relating to possible predictors of poor mental health. Conclusions: Despite limited evidence and methodological flaws in the literature, this review indicates that legal professionals are exposed to traumatised clients and difficult working conditions, both of which can negatively impact mental health. It also highlights a number of factors which may predict or perpetuate difficulties. Clinical implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The impact of the asylum determination process on mental health in the UK and EU+: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Mulcaire Jessie , Smetham Dominic , Holt Leah , Zard Sana , Brady Francesca , O'Driscoll Ciarán
Published: November 2023

Introduction: People seeking asylum are at increased risk of mental health difficulties due to pre- and post-migration experiences. This review synthesised the findings of studies investigating asylum seekers’ experiences of the asylum determination process in the EU+ and UK. The review sought to understand how these procedures influence asylum seekers mental health.Methods: The Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EBSCO, and Scopus were searched from inception to 24 August 2023. Peer reviewed studies were eligible if they provided a qualitative analysis of primary data from adult asylum seekers and refugees regarding lived experience of asylum determination procedures in the UK and EU+. Articles reporting on contextual factors associated with the mental health and well-being of adult asylum seekers were included. Studies with only a subset of relevant participants were eligible if data were reported separately. Studies with a majority of refused asylum seekers were excluded unless data was labelled distinctly. The protocol was not pre-registered.Findings: From a total of 4902, 45 studies were included in the qualitative thematic synthesis, representing the perspectives of 1158 asylum seekers and refugees: male (n= 506), female (n=394) and not reported (n= 258, k=8), and age range [17 to 88 years: k =30].The themes demonstrate high levels of psychological distress during and after the asylum process. This was associated with the hostile environments created by policies and procedures. Participants’ mental health was also affected by being caught in a stalemate while awaiting the outcome of their claim. The procedures exacerbated previous mental health difficulties. External and internal protective factors were identified, such as NGOs, religion, and cognitive strategies.Interpretation: The accumulation of each step of the asylum process contributes to psychological distress and exacerbates mental health difficulties, contributing to longer-term consequences for asylum seekers and refugees. Preventative strategies and policy changes are recommended.
Synergizing Requirements Engineering and Quality Assurance: A Comprehensive Exploration in Software Quality Engineering
Authors: Pargaonkar Shravan
Published: November 2023

Synergizing Requirements Engineering and QualityAssurance: A Comprehensive Exploration inSoftware Quality Engineering
Defect Management and Root Cause Analysis: Pillars of Excellence in Software Quality Engineering
Authors: Pargaonkar Shravan
Published: November 2023

Defect Management and Root Cause Analysis:Pillars of Excellence in Software QualityEngineering
Immune System and Intergroup Bias: Vaccine-Induced Increases in Cytokine Activity Are Associated with Worse Evaluations of Resume for Latina Job Applicant
Authors: Makhanova Anastasia , Tolliver Mikayla , Buckner Zach , Shields Grant , Hunter Colton L. , Mengelkoch Summer , Houpt Joseph Woodworth , Belote Alex E. , Hoose Dalton V. , Schulz Thomas K.
Published: November 2023

In the present research, we drew on literature in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) to propose that a hitherto unexplored but potentially important situational factor that may increase intergroup bias is illness and acute inflammation. To examine whether acute inflammation, quantified by increases in salivary cytokines, would lead to greater intergroup bias, we conducted an experiment using a protocol adapted from PNI that increases cytokines via administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine (or saline placebo). Our measures of intergroup bias were a resume evaluation task and an ethnocentrism questionnaire. Providing support for our hypothesis, increases in the cytokine interleukin-1beta were positively associated with intergroup bias. Specifically, participants who experienced greater (vs. lesser) increases in interleukin-1beta rated a Latina applicant as less competent and recommended that she receive a lower starting salary, and demonstrated higher ethnocentrism. Overall, results provide first direct evidence that experimental inductions of immune activity contribute to intergroup bias.
The Political (A)Symmetry of Metacognitive Insight Into Detecting Misinformation
Authors: Geers Michael , Fischer Helen , Lewandowsky Stephan , Herzog Stefan Michael
Published: November 2023

Political misinformation poses a major threat to democracies worldwide, often inciting intense disputes between opposing political groups. Despite its central role for informed electorates and political decision making, little is known about how aware people are of whether they are right or wrong when distinguishing accurate political information from falsehood. Here, we investigate people’s metacognitive insight into their own ability to detect political misinformation. We use data from a unique longitudinal study spanning 12 waves over 6 months that surveyed a representative U.S. sample (N = 1,191) on the most widely circulating political (mis)information online. Harnessing signal detection theory methods to model metacognition, we found that people from both the political left and the political right were aware of how well they distinguished accurate political information from falsehood across all news. However, this metacognitive insight was considerably lower for Republicans and conservatives—than for Democrats and liberals—when the information in question challenged their ideological commitments. That is, given their level of knowledge, Republicans’ and conservatives’ confidence was less likely to reflect the correctness of their truth judgments for true and false political statements that were at odds with their political views. These results reveal the intricate and systematic ways in which political preferences are linked to the accuracy with which people assess their own truth discernment. More broadly, by identifying a specific political asymmetry—for discordant relative to concordant news—our findings highlight the role of metacognition in perpetuating and exacerbating ideological divides.
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Where is the psychotherapy research?
Authors: Aday Jacob , Horton David , Fernandes-Osterhold Gisele , O'Donovan Aoife , Bradley Ellen , Rosen Raymond , Woolley Joshua
Published: November 2023

Rationale: Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has emerged as a potential treatment for mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders and depression. The current model for PAP emphasizes the importance of psychotherapeutic support before, during, and after ingestion of a psychedelic to maximize safety and clinical benefit. Despite this ubiquitous assumption, there has been surprisingly little empirical study concerning the “psychotherapy” in PAP, leaving critical questions about the necessary and sufficient components of PAP unanswered. Objectives: As clinical trials for psychedelic compounds begin the transition from demonstrating safety and feasibility to evaluating efficacy, the role of the accompanying psychotherapy must be better understood to enhance scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying therapeutic change, optimize clinical outcomes, and ensure safety.Results: The present paper first reviews the current status of psychotherapy in the PAP literature, overviewing both published clinical trial psychotherapy models and putative models informed by theory. We then delineate lessons that PAP researchers can leverage from traditional psychotherapy research regarding standardizing treatments, identifying mechanisms of change, and optimizing clinical trial designs. Throughout this review, we underscore the need for increased research on the psychotherapeutic component of treatment in PAP. Conclusions: PAP is a highly unique and transdisciplinary intervention, and future research designs should consider transdisciplinary research methodologies to identify best practices and inform federal guidelines for PAP administration.
Reckoning with our past and righting our future: Report from the Behavior Therapy Task Force on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression Change Efforts (SOGIECEs)
Authors: Comer Jonathan S. , Georgiadis Christopher , Schmarder Katherine , Chen Diane , Coyne Claire A. , Gudiño Omar , Kazantzis Nikolaos , Langer David , LeBeau Richard T. , Liu Richard T. , McLean Carmen , Sloan Denise , Williams Monnica , Pachankis John E.
Published: November 2023

Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression change efforts (SOGIECEs) are discredited practices that are associated with serious negative effects and incompatible with modern standards for clinical practice. Despite evidence linking SOGIECEs with serious iatrogenic effects, and despite support for LGBTQ+-affirmative care alternatives, SOGIECE practices persist. In the 1970s and 1980s, Behavior Therapy published articles testing and/or endorsing SOGIECEs, thereby contributing to their overall development, acceptance, and use. The Behavior Therapy Task Force on SOGIECEs was assembled to conduct a rigorous review of the SOGIECE articles published in Behavior Therapy and to decide whether, and what, formal action(s) should be taken on these articles. This report provides a detailed review of the historic SOGIECE literature published in Behavior Therapy and outlines the Task Force’s deliberative and democratic processes resulting in actions to: (1) add prominent advisory information to k=24 SOGIECE papers in the form of digital “black box” disclaimers that caution readers that the SOGIECE practices tested or described in these papers are inconsistent with modern standards, (2) offset organizational financial benefits from the publication of these papers, and (3) promote LGBTQ+-affirmative practices. SOGIECEs are not the only concerning practices across the field’s history, and the pages of today’s scientific journals include practices that will be at odds with tomorrow’s moral standards. This report calls for precautionary measures and editorial safeguards to minimize the future likelihood and impact of problematic published scholarship, including the need to fully include those with relevant lived experiences in all aspects of clinical science and peer review.
Anxiety-mediated neural response to fear enhances sensory hyperresponsiveness in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Atsumi Takeshi , Ide Masakazu , Chakrabarty Mrinmoy , Terao Yasuo
Published: November 2023

The atypical sensory features in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the high comorbidity of anxiety disorders are gaining attention. Individuals with ASD who have enhanced sensory hyperresponsiveness exhibit heightened temporal processing of sensory stimuli. Emotion-related cues modulate cognitive task performance, including timing. This study included 25 participants with ASD and 25 typically developed (TD) participants and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural activation during visual temporal order judgments and the effect of facial image presentation on the task. The TD group improved stimulus temporal processing under the fear face condition but the ASD group did not. However, in individuals with ASD, we found a correlation between anxiety level and the emotion-related effect on the performance, as well as sensory hyperresponsiveness. The neural correlate of the effect revealed greater activation of the right caudate in TD versus ASD, and greater functional connectivity between the amygdala and the left supramarginal gyrus in the TD group. The ASD group showed an association between anxiety level and activation of the right angular gyrus, and anxiety mediated the association between the right angular gyrus and sensory hyperresponsiveness. Thus, enhanced timing by fear-relevant cue underlying the emotion-timing related circuit may be disrupted in individuals with ASD. The heightened anxiety and sensory hyperresponsiveness in ASD may involve timing-related regions.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH PADA PEMBERIAN EKOENZIM DAN PUPUK NPK
Authors: Triana Neni , Ernita Milda
Published: November 2023

Percobaan  dilakukan  pada lahan kering milik Kelompok Tani Murni Nagari Surantiah Kecamatan Sutera Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, yang dilaksanakan mulai April sampai Juli 2023, dengan ketinggian 13mdpl. Tujuan Penelitian Untuk mengetahui interaksi yang terbaik pemberian ekoenzim dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik ekoenzim terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Untuk mengetahui dosis terbaik pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial, dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama terdiri dari 3 taraf konsentrasi Ekoezim : 0 ml/L, 1 ml/L, dan 2 ml/L, faktor kedua yaitu 4 taraf dosis pupuk NPK : 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, dan 75 % dari rekomedasi 250 kg/ha, percobaan diulang 3 kali sehingga terdapat 36 petak percobaan. Data hasil pengamatan disidik ragam dengan uji F dan dilanjutkan dengan duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) jika berpengaruh nyata pada taraf nyata 5% dan 1%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan  dapat disimpulkan : Tidak terdapat interaksi ekoenzim dan NPK dalam meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Terdapat konsentrasi ekoenzim terbaik untuk meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Terdapat dosis pupuk NPK terbaik untuk meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah.

 

The experiment was carried out on dry land belonging to the Nagari Surantiah Murni Farmers Group, Sutera District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, which was carried out from April to July 2023, at an altitude of 13 meters above sea level. Research Objectives: To determine the best interaction between providing ecoenzymes and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots. To find out the best concentration of ecoenzymes for the growth and yield of shallots. To find out the best dose of NPK fertilizer for the growth and yield of shallots. The experiment used a completely randomized factorial design (CRD), with two factors. The first factor consists of 3 levels of ecozyme concentration: 0 ml/L, 1 ml/L, and 2 ml/L, the second factor is 4 levels of NPK fertilizer dosage: 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the recommended 250 kg /ha, the experiment was repeated 3 times so that there were 36 experimental plots. The observational data was investigated for variance using the F test and continued with Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) if it had a significant effect at the 5% and 1% significance levels. Based on the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded: There is no interaction between ecoenzymes and NPK in increasing the growth and yield of shallots. There is the best concentration of ecoenzymes to increase the growth and yield of shallots. There is the best dose of NPK fertilizer to increase shallot growth and yield.
Emmanuel Levinas i vrijednost života
Authors: Miščin Daniel
Published: November 2023

Autor polazi od uvida da je, barem posredno, vrijednost života jedna od temeljnih vrijednosti čitave Levinasove etike. Stoga se u članku analizira moguća povezanost neporeciva dostojanstva života drugoga i njegova lica s Levinasovim posrednim i neposrednim iskustvom holokausta, te iz njega proizišle krivnje nadživjeloga. Argumente u prilog toj hipotezi autor nalazi ne samo u biografskim pojedinostima Levinasova života, nego i na prijelomnim stranicama njegova glavnoga djela Totalité et Infini, baš kao i u Levinasovim kasnijim djelima. Na temelju izloženih argumenata autor zaključuje da se hipoteza o krivnji nadživjeloga u pozadini temeljnih ideja Levinasove etike ne može isključiti.
Gender differences in duration and location of erotic touch in mainstream heterosexual pornography
Authors: Zebroff Petra
Published: November 2023

Watching mainstream porn today is a main source for men and women to learn how to behave sexually, including how to erotically stimulate one another. To date, research into the content analysis of pornography has been limited to the measurement of the frequency or prevalence of sexual behaviours or themes. In contrast, little is known regarding porn presentation of the specific location and duration of touch, vital for orgasm, pleasure, and sexual satisfaction for both women and men. Eighty “most-viewed” video clips were selected from two popular porn sites and coded for the gender of toucher/receiver, location, and duration in seconds of erotic touch. Results showed that women received significantly less genital stimulation than men overall, with this difference drastically increasing with non-penetrative erotic touch. The men in these videos received stimulation to their main sexual organ (penis) 10 times more than women received on their most sensitive sexual organ (clitoris), and the women were found to do the majority of non-reciprocal genital touch. While accurate information is widely available regarding competent erotic touch necessary for pleasure and orgasm, unbalanced and inadequate touching is still strongly represented in popular heterosexual pornography. This study elucidates how popular, freely accessible pornography is normalizing beliefs that men’s sexual touch and pleasure are primary and that clitoral stimulation is not a priority for women’s pleasure. Implications for how these normative aspects of sexual stimulation that may be leading to difficulties in sexual pleasure, orgasm, and satisfaction are discussed.
The Representation of Cross-Border Surrogacy in Australian Surrogacy Events
Authors: Luo Yingyi , Cuthbert Denise , Marshall Shelley
Published: November 2023

As a method of family formation, cross-border surrogacy is controversial and beset by risks of exploitation. This article extends the literature on surrogacy by examining the way Australian surrogacy promotion and information events represent cross-border surrogacy. It examines the emerging phenomenon of surrogacy events held by a not-for-profit surrogacy organization to promote cross-border surrogacy in Australia—a country that prohibits commercial surrogacy. The article draws on observations from a series of surrogacy events in Australia and online during the 2019–21 time period. It examines the presentations given at these events by surrogacy facilitators, surrogate mothers, and intended parents. We observed four themes: (1) Intended parents are positioned as consumers, (2) the benefits of cross-border commercial surrogacy are highlighted relative to other methods of family formation, (3) the positive side of cross-border surrogacy is accentuated, and (4) reproductive rights are emphasized. These representations run counter to feminist framings of cross-border surrogacy as exploitative and risky. This paper understands that the framing of surrogacy that occurs at these promotion events to be neoliberal in nature. The conceptualization helps explain their consumerist peppiness and commodifying subjectivity.
Data Collection in Care Homes for Older Adults: A National Survey in England
Authors: Hanratty Barbara , Wolters Arne Timon , Towers Ann-Marie , Spilsbury Karen , Meyer Julienne , Killett Anne , Jones Liz , Gordon Adam , Burton Jennifer Kirsty , Akdur Gizdem , Irvine Lisa , Warmoth Krystal , Liddle Jennifer , Goodman Claire
Published: November 2023

Context: In many countries, there is a specification for information that should be collected by care homes. So-called ‘minimum data-sets’ (MDS) are often lengthy, and report on resident health and wellbeing, staff, and facilities. In the UK, the absence of any easily accessible data on the care home population was highlighted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Care homes faced multiple requests for data from external agencies who had little knowledge of what care homes were already collecting.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the range (and method) of data collected by care home organisations, in a country without a mandated MDS.
Methods: Online survey of care homes (with/without nursing) in England. Care homes recruited via research and care home networks, social media. Questions covered data content, storage, and views on data sharing, analysed with descriptive statistics.
Findings: 273 responses were received, representing over 5,000 care homes. Care homes reported extensive data on the health, care and support needs of individual residents, their preferences, and activities. Clinical measures and tools adopted from health were commonly used, but few collected information on quality-of-life. Care homes reported uses of these data that included monitoring care quality, medication use, staff training needs, budgeting, and marketing. Concerns over privacy and data protection regulations are potential barriers to data sharing.
Implications: These findings challenge the notion that incentives or mandates are required to stimulate data collection in care homes. Care home organisations are collecting an extensive range of resident-level information for their own uses. Countries considering introducing social care records or an MDS could start by working with care home organisations to review existing data collection and evaluate the implications of collecting and sharing data. A critical approach to the appropriateness of health-related tools in this setting is overdue.
The Differences in Contribution of Radical Puritanism to the English (1642-1688) and American (1775-1783) Revolutions
Authors: SHADURI George
Published: November 2023

The bourgeois revolutions, which occurred in Britain and America, took place in different historical periods. However, in both of them Puritanism stood as the main ideologicalbanner, supporting these revolutions. Puritanism was not homogeneous, and split into two main groups: moderate Puritans (Presbyterians) and radical Puritans (Independents).The aim of the present paper is to show that radical Puritanism made greater contribution to American Revolution, and explain the reasons for this difference.Keywords: Bourgeois revolution, Independents, Presbyterians, radical Puritanism
Necessity of Learning Business Foreign Language in the Modern World (Jurisprudence)
Authors: DIASAMIDZE Gulnara
Published: November 2023

Possessing foreign language skills at the professional level is one of the conditions for successful work and career advancement for specialists in any field. Enterprises and firms tryto give up translation services and are more willing to hire employees speaking a foreign language and able to translate single-discipline literature and documents. Under conditionsof globalization, a foreign language, particularly English and Russian in Georgia, is becoming a significant informational product.Keywords: Knowledge of a foreign language, language skills, requirements to language skills
A Brief Overview of the Foreign Policy Decision Making Team in the Reagan Administration
Authors: TSIKLAURI Gigi
Published: November 2023

This article describes the Reagan Administration and its key figures dealing with foreign policy, their personalities, interaction with each other, and impact on the overall foreignpolicy decision making. The Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, National Security Advisor, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency played key roles in formulatingand implementing the foreign policy in the Reagan years. President Reagan entered the White House without a clear foreign policy strategy, but determined to move foreign policyadvising out of the White House and back to the State Department while at the same time keeping overall control of foreign policy decision making in the NSC.Keywords: Administration, foreign policy decision-making, Reagan, Shultz, Weinberger
Level of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Ogun State Secondary Schools, Nigeria
Authors: ADETAYO Janet Oyebola
Published: November 2023

The study determined the level of job satisfaction among Secondary school teachers in Ogun State. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The descriptive survey research method was used. Four hundred teachers were randomly selected to participate in the study from Ijebu-North and Ijebu-Ode Local Government Areas respectively. The researcher designed and validated Teachers’ Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TEJOSQ) was the only instrument used for data collection. The descriptive statistics, t-test of significance, analysis of variance and post-hoc analysis were used to analyze the data collected for the study. The outcomes of the study revealed that majority of the teachers are presently satisfied with their teaching job and that the teachers differed significantly by gender, age group and qualification in their levels of job satisfaction. Hence, there is need for continuous effort by the government to ensure that policy that will promote better maintenance and improvement of satisfaction of teachers are put in place at all times in the state.Keywords: Job satisfaction, Secondary school, Teachers
American University Campus – Reflection of Globalization Process
Authors: BAKHTADZE Irina
Published: November 2023

Globalization of higher education is a process which has been on for more than a century. Changes it brings is connected with education, teaching-learning, research, practice, engagement and services. It requires new ways of thinking organizationally about knowledge and learning – how to grow and share it. One of the most pressing problems in the process of globalization is how to stay unique and keep identity. Global campus should offer to its customers most updated and high-quality knowledge which will help them promote personally and develop their career on international level. Globalization offers educational programs to a wide population and establishes common moral values. World market demands, technological advancement and English as a global language supported creation of international educational institutions and global campuses. IBSU one of the best international universities in Georgia has been involved in the process of globalization of higher education since its foundation. Personal interviews have been conducted with four IBSU staff members to identify the reasons and results of globalization experienced by the university.Keywords: Distant education, Georgian students-U.S. university alumni, global campus, higher education, International Black Sea University, interviews regarding IBSU globalization, morality as cooperation, multicultural campus, university education globalization, U.S. universities
Is New Cold War Started? Possible Military Confrontation between USA and Russia on the Examples of Comparing the Military Potentials of Two Powers and Withdrawal from Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty by Both Countries
Authors: CHITADZE Nika
Published: November 2023

The paper explores the analysis of the main reasons of the restarting the confrontation between USA and Russia, review the military potential of two powers on the example of the structure of land forces, air forces, military fleet, nuclear potential etc.Second part of the research is dedicated to the observation the possible consequences of the abolishment Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which was signed in 1987 between USA and USSR, particularly, what type of threats can be emerged for the International Community on the examples of the considering the missile potential of two countries and security environment in the Baltic and Black Sea Regions as a potential frontier lines between USA and Russia Federation.Keywords: Armed Forces, Cold War, Missile Systems, Russia, USA
Interdisciplinary Character of Contemporary Literary Theory and Poststructuralist Understanding of Literary Text and Literary Meaning
Authors: TEVDORADZE Nino
Published: November 2023

The present article aims to introduce major convictions of poststructualism about literary text and literary meaning; to discuss the theoretical complications that arise from poststucturalist beliefs; to show the necessity of including into the interdisciplinary field of research pragmatics and analytical aesthetics; and to argue in defence for alteranative conception of text and textual meaning – recently introduced by a Swedish scholar, Anders PetterssonKeywords: Contemporary literary criticism, interdisciplinary, literary semiotics, literary text, literary meaning, post-structuralism
The Importance of Support of Newly Independent State at an Early Stage and Development of Strategic Partnership between the U.S. and Georgia
Authors: VANISHVILI Lela
Published: November 2023

The following paper aims to examine the U.S foreign policy to Georgia carried out by the Democrat Presidents – Bill Clinton, Barack Obama and Donald Trump. Foreign Policy of the United States was changeable across the decades and due to different presidents, sometimes the interest and cooperations’ rank was low, and sometimes was on the high level. At present the cooperation between two countries is developing in various direction and at different levels, including mutual security and counterterrorism interests which aims to provide Georgia with bilateral security assistance. Preliminary studies of the US assistance to Georgia which aimed to promote the democracy in the country carried out during the Democrat presidents have revealed some alterations. The finances invested education and restructuring of state institutions helped Georgia to make rapid advancement in building democracy in the country.Keywords: Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush, contribution to NATO missions, Georgian presidents, International Republican Institute, NDI in Georgia, Sovereignty of Georgia, strategic partnership, support of Georgia’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, The Open Society Georgia Foundation, USAID operating in Georgia
Do Financial Inclusion Characteristics Really Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: ARIKEWUYO Kareem Abidemi , ADEYEMI Akeem Adekunle , EDU Azeez Olwale
Published: November 2023

The relationship between financial inclusion and poverty has been a contentious issue among scholars in relation to developing nations despite an increased range of financial services extended to the society in the past. This study examined the extent at which financial inclusion characteristics have reduced poverty level in Nigeria. This study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique and it covered 2008: Q1 – 2017: Q4. The study found that both actual usage dimension and payment infrastructure have significant effect on poverty reduction in Nigeria. It was, therefore, recommended that frequent usage of financial services at reduced cost will achieve poverty reduction in Nigeria.Keywords: Actual Usage Dimension, Geographical Accessibility, Payment Infrastructure, Per Capita Income
Coverage of Military Issues in the Newspaper “Georgia” (1918-1919)
Authors: BUKIA Tsitsino
Published: November 2023

Reporting on military issues does not lose relevance in the modern media. In the Georgian press of the 20th century, this topic was given a great place. The purpose of my research was to review newspaper “Sakartvelo” (1918-1919) periodical edition of the National Democratic Party; identify how they covered military issues and how the publicists expressed their position.Research had shown that “Sakartvelo” under the heading “War” was offering to their readers brief informational notes from various fronts of World War I. Military issues were mainly covered by extensive publications, there were analytical materials about creation of Young State's Defense System and the Reorganization of the Army.Publicists of the newspaper “Sakartvelo” offered to the Georgian government a proper plan how to organize army. According to the newspaper's position, military forces should be regular and any kind of economizing was unjustified not to get the reverse effect and not to create anarchy instead of order.Keywords: Army, Georgia, party press, war
2019-2020: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the American Women’s Right to Vote
Authors: CHUMBURIDZE Tea
Published: November 2023

The article deals with one of the most significant achievements in the history of American women – the right to vote. The 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. Achieving this milestone required lengthy and difficult struggle; it took decades to achieve victory through agitation and protest. The article discusses how in the beginning in the mid-19th century several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change of the Constitution. Few early supporters lived to see the final victory in 1920.Keywords: Voting Rights, Women’s Suffrage Movement, 19th Amendment, 100th Anniversary
Bias of American Media Amid the Bipolar Political Circumstances
Authors: KASRADZE Lika
Published: November 2023

The author of this Journal article discusses existing political polarization between Republicans and Democrats in the United States and reviews the negative effects of existing political and ideological division on mass media in the country. In the article there is discussed the challenges mainstream American media corporations face today and the author suggests the solution for outstanding problems.Keywords: CNN, Democrats, mainstream media, Media, politics, pro-liberal, pro-Trumpist, Republicans, social media, Trump
African American Women in Persian Gulf Wars
Authors: PARINOS Nana
Published: November 2023

The paper outlines the role, contribution and place of ethnic women minorities, namely, African American women, taking their race, religious and national backgrounds into consideration in Persian Gulf Wars. Methods: Quantitative research method; Comparative research method; Content-analyses. Results: The evidence suggests that 33 percent of women in the military were African Americans. This figure is quite impressive and indicates that women gained the best adaptation to this field. It was the military that became the trampoline that would connect them to American society. Military service gave African American women the following advantages: Career opportunities (the field is dangerous and less demanding); Ability to demonstrate goodness to the country; Adaptation to civil society.Keywords: African American women, ethnic women minorities, Persian Gulf wars, racial discrimination, sexual discrimination
Who is the Digital Sovereign?
Authors: Süß Rahel
Published: November 2023

The article theorizes the sovereign in recent digital democratic experiments. It demonstrates how the prevailing perspective is based on a liberal-technocratic understanding that overlooks important questions of organized collective power and identity. To address these limitations, the article contrasts the liberal-technocratic framework with a radical democratic approach. This alternative allows for reimagining the digital sovereign in two ways. First, it shifts the focus from the sovereign as a mere aggregation of networked individuals with fixed identities to one that opens up opportunities for ongoing identity construction and transformation. Second, a radical democratic approach emphasizes that the digital sovereign emerges from the individual and collective capacity to organize power.
Endoscopic placement of a triventricular stent for complex hydrocephalus and isolated fourth ventricle: illustrative case
Authors: Horak V. Jane , Gulsuna Beste , LoPresti Melissa A , DeCuypere Michael
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Hydrocephalus is commonly encountered in pediatric neurosurgery. The etiology is diverse, and complexity in management increases in patients with loculated or trapped ventricles. The authors sought to examine a treatment option of endoscopic placement of a triventricular stent in a pediatric patient with complex hydrocephalus and a trapped fourth ventricle.

OBSERVATIONS

In this case, the authors present the treatment of complex hydrocephalus with a trapped fourth ventricle in a pediatric patient using endoscopic placement of a triventricular aqueductal stent. The patient had a complex neurosurgical history, which included over 15 surgeries for shunted hydrocephalus. This case highlights the unique approach used, and the authors discuss surgical nuances of the technique, as well as learning points.

LESSONS

Complex hydrocephalus can be difficult to manage because patients often have multiple catheters, loculated or trapped ventricles, and extensive surgical histories. Endoscopic placement of a triventricular stent can decrease shunt system complexity, restore normal cerebrospinal fluid pathway circulation across the cerebral aqueduct, and promote communication between the ventricles. The authors’ treatment modality resulted in the successful resolution of the trapped fourth ventricle and symptomatic improvement in hydrocephalus.
"SUBJECTIVE" AND "OBJECTIVE" AS A METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEM
Authors:   KROK University, Malkova Tetiana
Published: November 2023

Today, many concepts from the dictionaries of academic psychology have entered the language of everyday communication. Perhaps the most common are the concepts of «subjective» and «objective». In many textbooks of psychology, «objective» is understood as something that belongs to the object itself, something that does not depend on the subject. The objective is opposed to the subjective-personal. Experimental research in the field of quantum physics questioned the division of the world into an impartial «objective reality» and its «subjective» (not impartial, biased) reflection, which provoked a crisis in this field of knowledge and the methodology of science as a whole. The main methodological problems of psychology are the question of the place of the mental in nature; on the relationship of mental and material phenomena, on the possibilities of human cognition - questions that also arose in the depths of quantum physics and were predetermined by the internal logic of their development. An excursion into quantum physics was necessary, firstly, for a deep understanding that reality is given to us in our sensations, perceptions, ideas and mental constructs (this was evidenced by the so-called «double slit experiment» and its interpretations) and we cannot say anything about reality as it is «in itself»; secondly, the realization that the foundations on which our knowledge is built differ from those in quantum physics. Currently, there is a dichotomy between material (physical) and conceptual reality. Thus, the principle of locality, which professes ordinary consciousness and according to which specific objects occupy a specific place in time and space, contradicts the principle of non-locality, according to which isolated systems do not exist at all and every particle of the universe is in «instantaneous» communication with all other particles. The world is created from the same quantum substance and it is impossible to say that one is the cause of the other. (This statement implies, in particular, a rethinking of the «principle of determinism» which requires the establishment of unambiguous causal relationships). The reality in which we live is not quantum, our language and stereotypes of thinking do not correspond to the nature of the phenomena described by quantum physics. It is about the deep properties of matter. Personally, I got the impression that the deeper you plunge into the world of atomic and subatomic, the more the outlines of the specific, material world familiar to us become blurred and the thinner the line between the physical and conceptual world, between the material and the spiritual becomes. The purpose of this article is to define the concepts of "objective" and "subjective" based on the analysis of achievements in quantum physics in the context of psychology.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF FELICITARY PROBLEMS
Authors:   KROK University, Radchenko Yuliia
Published: November 2023

The article conducts a theoretical analysis of approaches to the definition of felicitarian problems of researchers of different times and views, which testifies to the versatility in the scientific space. A brief description of the main scientific literature of psychologists on the study of happiness is presented. The factors that influence the happiness of the individual are considered. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that, despite the considerable attention of psychologists of different times, the topic of happiness remains very relevant and requires further study and implementation of modern tools using a conscious approach. Given that most of the scientific research was conducted in peacetime, there is a need to study the problems of the psychology of happiness in the crisis period both during the war and after the end of the war, for the sake of mental health, both of the individual and of the society of the country as a whole. The article describes the works of psychologists who studied happiness as a subjective well-being of an individual, as a personal tendency to experience a certain level of emotions, as a state of experiencing life satisfaction in general, as an experience of joy, as well as the acquisition of skills aimed at a conscious life filled with meaning and vision of the path of the desired result. This problem has always had a wide range of views, theories and areas of research, which is why it is relevant in our times. The analysis of recent research has led to the understanding that negative events lead to changes in both the mental processes of a person and the meaning of life. It changes the direction of views, interests, values, rebuilds the life of a person as a whole. The crisis situation in the country creates a vital, personal crisis in a person's life. In an unstable psychological, socio-economic climate, the need for internal determinants of personality balance, components and factors of quality of life is actualized. The experience of happiness is an indicator of both the subjective and psychological state of an individual and society as a whole.