bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing chronic pancreatitis by endoscopic ultrasound assessing the association between ultrasound and pathological findings: A narrative review
Authors: Yamamiya Akira , Irisawa Atsushi , Abe Yoko , Arisaka Takahiro , Ohnishi Toshihiko , Hoshi Koki , Suzuki Tsunehiro , Nagashima Kazunori , Kashima Ken , Kunogi Yasuhito , Sakuma Fumi , Fukushi Koh , Ishikawa Manabu , Mizuguchi Nasuka , Yamaguchi Shintaro , Tominaga Keiichi , Goda Kenichi
Published: September 2022

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is widely recognized for its non‐invasiveness and for its usefulness in chronic pancreatitis (CP) diagnosis, including early CP. Although it is desirable to obtain a definitive diagnosis of CP by tissue sampling with EUS‐guided fine needle aspiration, histopathological changes in CP are heterogeneous in terms of the extent and the distribution of lesions. Therefore, histopathological diagnosis of appropriate tissue sampling by EUS‐fine needle aspiration is expected to be difficult. Furthermore, it is virtually impossible to match EUS images with pathological sections, making direct contrast between EUS findings and pathology difficult. This narrative review presents a discussion of the diagnosis of CP/early CP by EUS, particularly assessing the association between ultrasound and pathological findings. Recently, the histological corroboration and correlation of EUS findings related to CP have been clarified by surgical specimens, including those obtained from animal studies. Furthermore, remarkable advances have occurred in the objective and quantitative diagnosis of pancreatic fibrosis by EUS‐elastography. Future technological advances in EUS are expected to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of pancreatic fibrosis at earlier stages.
Accelerating the research‐to‐practice translation of eating disorder apps and other digital interventions: Commentary on O'Leary and Torous (2022)
Authors: Graham Andrea K. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E.
Published: September 2022

Smartphone apps are increasingly being developed to address mental health problems, including eating disorders. Yet a review by O'Leary and Torous (2022) revealed the dearth of publicly available evidence‐based apps for eating disorders, despite growing research in this area in recent years. The lack of publicly available evidence‐based apps is problematic for society and reflects a gap in the research‐to‐practice translation of the advances that have been made through academic research in this area. We detail barriers that academic researchers face to such translation, including the lack of incentives and pathways for making these interventions available beyond the academic institutions in which they are often created. The effective translation of eating disorder apps, and other digital approaches, from research to practice will require new approaches, including bolstering successful and sustainable translation through partnerships across sectors, being more proactive toward research‐to‐practice translation, and designing more sustainable digital interventions. Harnessing such approaches can improve the availability of evidence‐based eating disorder apps and other digital approaches. Additionally, academic researchers are encouraged to be advocates within their institutions and with funding agencies to find ways to better incentivize and fund these efforts.
2D Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Xiong Dengyi , Deng Xinglan , Cao Ziwei , Tao Shusheng , Song Zirui , Xiao Xuhuan , Deng Wentao , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo
Published: September 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely adopted in various fields (catalysis, sensor, energy storage, etc.) during the last decade owing to the trait of abundant surface chemistry, porous structure, easy‐to‐adjust pore size, and diverse functional groups. However, the limited active sites and the poor conductivity hinder the relative practical application. 2D MOFs can shorten the ion transport path with the merit of layered structure. The large surface area can increase the number of active sites as well as effectively utilize the sufficient active sites, exhibiting enormous potential in the field of energy storage systems (EESs). In this review, the characteristics of the 2D MOFs have been introduced, and the systematic synthesis methods (top‐down and bottom‐up) of 2D MOFs are presented, providing fundamental understanding for the construction of 2D MOFs. Moreover, the applications of 2D MOFs in energy storage fields such as supercapacitors and batteries are demonstrated in detail. Finally, the future development prospects have been proposed, offering guidelines for the rational utilization of 2D MOFs and promoting the understanding of 2D MOFs in EESs.
Revisiting Electrolyte Kinetics Differences in Sodium Ion Battery: Are Esters Really Inferior to Ethers?
Authors: Yan Lei , Zhang Guifang , Wang Jing , Ren Qingjuan , Fan Linlin , Liu Binhua , Wang Yujia , Lei Wenhua , Ruan Dianbo , Zhang Qingyin , Shi Zhiqiang
Published: September 2022

The ether electrolytes usually outperform ester electrolytes by evaluating sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) rate performance, which is a near‐unanimous conclusion of previous studies based on an essential configuration of the half‐cell test. However, here we find that contrary to consensus, the ester electrolyte shows better Na storage capability than the ether electrolyte in full cells. An in‐depth analysis of three‐electrode, symmetric cell, and in situ XRD tests indicates that traditional half‐cell test results are unreliable due to interference from Na electrodes. In particular, Na electrodes show a huge stability difference in ester and ether electrolytes, and ester electrolytes suffer more severe interference than ether electrolytes, resulting in the belief that esters are far inferior to ether electrolytes. More seriously, the more accurate three‐electrode test would also suffer from Na electrode interference. Thus, a “corrected half‐cell test” protocol is developed to shield the Na electrode interference, revealing the very close super rate capability of hard carbon in ester and ether electrolytes. This work breaks the inherent perception that the kinetic properties of ester electrolytes are inferior to ethers in sodium‐ion batteries, reveals the pitfalls of half‐cell tests, and proposes a new test protocol for reliable results, greatly accelerating the commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries.
Accelerated Sequential Deposition Reaction via Crystal Orientation Engineering for Low‐Temperature, High‐Efficiency Carbon‐Electrode CsPbBr3 Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zeyang , Zhu Weidong , Han Tianjiao , Wang Tianran , Chai Wenming , Zhu Jiaduo , Xi He , Chen Dazheng , Lu Gang , Dong Peng , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue
Published: September 2022

Low‐temperature, ambient processing of high‐quality CsPbBr3 films is demanded for scalable production of efficient, low‐cost carbon‐electrode perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we demonstrate a crystal orientation engineering strategy of PbBr2 precursor film to accelerate its reaction with CsBr precursor during two‐step sequential deposition of CsPbBr3 films. Such a novel strategy is proceeded by adding CsBr species into PbBr2 precursor, which can tailor the preferred crystal orientation of PbBr2 film from [020] into [031], with CsBr additive staying in the film as CsPb2Br5 phase. Theoretical calculations show that the reaction energy barrier of (031) planes of PbBr2 with CsBr is lower about 2.28 eV than that of (020) planes. Therefore, CsPbBr3 films with full coverage, high purity, high crystallinity, micro‐sized grains can be obtained at a low temperature of 150 °C. Carbon‐electrode PSCs with these desired CsPbBr3 films yield the record‐high efficiency of 10.27% coupled with excellent operation stability. Meanwhile, the 1 cm2 area one with the superior efficiency of 8.00% as well as the flexible one with the champion efficiency of 8.27% and excellent mechanical bending characteristics are also achieved.
(Near‐) Infrared Drying of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes: Influence of Energy Input on Process Speed and Electrode Adhesion
Authors: Altvater Andreas , Heckmann Thilo , Eser Jochen Christoph , Spiegel Sandro , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: September 2022

The drying of electrodes represents a critical process step in the production of lithium‐ion batteries. In this process step, unfavorably adjusted drying conditions can result in deteriorated electrode properties. Furthermore, the process speed is restricted by limited heat and mass transfer in purely convective drying. To counteract those effects, energy input by near‐infrared (NIR) radiation is a promising approach. Herein, analytical considerations are carried out to demonstrate the suitability of infrared radiation with regard to achievable electrode temperatures and drying rates. In an experimental approach, aqueous processed graphite anodes are dried with an NIR module, varying the power and the amount of convection for different experiments. The temperature profiles of the electrodes and the drying rates are measured and analyzed, and the electrodes are subsequently characterized using adhesion measurements. The results obtained show that energy input by NIR radiation during the drying of electrodes can lead to an increased drying speed, electrode temperature during drying, and adhesion force of the dry electrode. These findings indicate that the binder distribution during NIR drying is advantageous in terms of electrode adhesion, compared with convectively dried electrodes produced at comparable drying rates, positioning the process promisingly with regard to high throughput rates.
Comparing adaptive coding of reward in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Kaliuzhna Mariia , Kirschner Matthias , Tobler Philippe N. , Kaiser Stefan
Published: September 2022

Deficits in neural processing of reward have been described in both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but it remains unclear to what extent these deficits are caused by similar mechanisms. Efficient reward processing relies on adaptive coding which allows representing large input spans by limited neuronal encoding ranges. Deficits in adaptive coding of reward have previously been observed across the SZ spectrum and correlated with total symptom severity. In the present work, we sought to establish whether adaptive coding is similarly affected in patients with BD. Twenty‐five patients with BD, 27 patients with SZ and 25 healthy controls performed a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in two reward range conditions. Adaptive coding was impaired in the posterior part of the right caudate in BD and SZ (trend level). In contrast, BD did not show impaired adaptive coding in the anterior caudate and right precentral gyrus/insula, where SZ showed deficits compared to healthy controls. BD patients show adaptive coding deficits that are similar to those observed in SZ in the right posterior caudate. Adaptive coding in BD appeared more preserved as compared to SZ participants especially in the more anterior part of the right caudate and to a lesser extent also in the right precentral gyrus. Thus, dysfunctional adaptive coding could constitute a fundamental deficit in severe mental illnesses that extends beyond the SZ spectrum.
Hippocampal responses to electrical stimulation of the major input pathways are modulated by dentate spikes
Authors: Lehtonen Suvi‐Maaria , Waselius Tomi , Penttonen Markku , Nokia Miriam S.
Published: September 2022

Dentate gyrus (DG) is important for pattern separation and spatial memory, and it is thought to gate information flow to the downstream hippocampal subregions. Dentate spikes (DSs) are high‐amplitude, fast, positive local‐field potential events taking place in the DG during immobility and sleep, and they have been connected to memory consolidation in rodents. DSs are a result of signaling from the entorhinal cortex (EC) to the DG, and they suppress firing of pyramidal cells in the CA3 and CA1. To study the effects of DSs to signaling in the hippocampal tri‐synaptic loop, we electrically stimulated the afferent fibers of the DG, CA3, and CA1 in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats at different delays from DSs. Responses to stimulation were increased in the EC‐DG synapse during DSs, and the effect was amplified after theta‐burst stimulation. We concluded that DSs strengthen the excitatory signal from the EC to the DG, which is reinforced by synapse potentiation and increased excitability of granule cells after theta‐burst stimulation. This signal boosting may function in enhancing plastic changes in the DG‐CA3 synapse. As responses in the CA3 and CA1 remained unaffected by the DS, the DS‐contingent silencing of pyramidal cells seems to be a result of a decrease in excitatory input rather than a decrease in the excitability of the pyramidal cells themselves. In addition, we found that the DSs occur asynchronously in the left and right hippocampi, giving novel evidence of lateralization of the rodent hippocampus.
Special issue “The advance of solid tumor research in China”: Prediction of Sunitinib efficacy using computed tomography in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Chen Luohai , Wang Wei , Jin Kaizhou , Yuan Bing , Tan Huangying , Sun Jian , Guo Yu , Luo Yanji , Feng Shi‐Ting , Yu Xianjun , Chen Min‐Hu , Chen Jie
Published: September 2022

Clinically effective methods to predict the efficacy of sunitinib, for patients with metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNET) are scarce, making precision treatment difficult. This study aimed to develop and validate a computed tomography (CT)‐based method to predict the efficacy of sunitinib in patients with panNET. Pretreatment CT images of 171 lesions from 38 patients with panNET were included. CT value ratio (CT value of tumor/CT value of abdominal aorta from the same patient) and radiomics features were extracted for model development. Receiver operating curve (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the proposed model. Tumor shrinkage of >10% at first follow‐up after sunitinib treatment was significantly associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS; P < .001) and was used as the major treatment outcome. The CT value ratio could predict tumor shrinkage with AUC of 0.759 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.685‐0.833). We then developed a radiomics signature, which showed significantly higher AUC in training (0.915; 95% CI, 0.866‐0.964) and validation (0.770; 95% CI, 0.584‐0.956) sets than CT value ratio. DCA also confirmed the clinical utility of the model. Subgroup analysis showed that this radiomics signature had a high accuracy in predicting tumor shrinkage both for primary and metastatic tumors, and for treatment‐naive and pretreated tumors. Survival analysis showed that radiomics signature correlated with PFS (P = .020). The proposed radiomics‐based model accurately predicted tumor shrinkage and PFS in patients with panNET receiving sunitinib and may help select patients suitable for sunitinib treatment.
Optimal water distribution model of canals considering the workload of managers
Authors: Fan Yu , Chen Haorui , Gao Zhanyi , Wang Yunhui , Xu Jianhui
Published: September 2022

The optimal operation of water distribution systems is an important research area for the modernization of irrigation schemes. In this paper, an improved 0–1 programming model is developed. This model has three objectives: minimum time of water distribution, minimum spacing of tertiary canals in a group, and the minimum difference of water distribution duration among tertiary canals in the group. The study results show that with the conventional model, 0–1 programming model and improved 0–1 programming model, the durations for the three models are 159.09, 140.50 and 141.07 h, respectively. The working distances are 44.8, 185.5 and 60.6 km. Compared with the conventional model, the lower canals of the improved 0–1 model are all large flow rate operations, while the conventional model inevitably has small flow rate operations, and the improved 0–1 model greatly reduces the duration of water distribution. Compared with the 0–1 model, the improved 0–1 model divides the adjacent canals into a group as much as possible, and the canals between groups start and end operations at the same time as much as possible, so the improved 0–1 model shortens the working distance of the staff and makes it easy for canal managers to operate canals.
Surface modifications to promote the osteoconductivity of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene fabrics for a novel biomimetic artificial disc prosthesis: An in vitro study
Authors: Jacobs Celien A. M. , Cramer Esther E. A. , Dias Aylvin A. , Smelt Harold , Hofmann Sandra , Ito Keita
Published: September 2022

A novel biomimetic artificial intervertebral disc (bioAID) for the cervical spine was developed, containing a hydrogel core representing the nucleus pulposus, an UHMWPE fiber jacket as annulus fibrosis, and titanium endplates with pins for mechanical fixation. Osseointegration of the UHMWPE fibers to adjacent bone structures is required to achieve proper biomimetic behavior and to provide long‐term stability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the osteoconductivity of several surface modifications of UHMWPE fabrics, 2D weft‐knitted, using non‐treated UHMWPE fibers (N), plasma treated UHMWPE fibers (PT), 10% hydroxy apatite (HA) loaded UHMWPE fibers (10%HA), plasma treated 10%HA UHMWPE fibers (PT‐10%HA), 15%HA loaded UHMWPE fibers (15%HA) and plasma treated 15%HA UHMWPE fibers (PT‐15%HA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface characterization. Biological effects were assessed by evaluating initial cell attachment (SEM, DNA content), metabolic activity (PrestoBlue assay), proliferation, differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity) and mineralization (energy dispersive x‐ray, EDX analysis) using human bone marrow stromal cells. Plasma treated samples showed increased initial cell attachment, indicating the importance of hydrophilicity for cell attachment. However, incorporation only of HA or plasma treatment alone was not sufficient to result in upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity. Combining HA loaded fibers with plasma treatment showed a combined effect, leading to increased cell attachment and upregulated ALP activity. Based on these results, combination of HA loaded UHMWPE fibers and plasma treatment provided the most promising fabric surface for facilitating bone ingrowth.
Emerging role of mitochondria in response to HBV infection
Authors: Lin Caorui , Ou Qishui
Published: September 2022

Hepatitis B is a major global health problem that potentially life‐threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to death due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A considerable of research has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction exists in patients with HBV infection, indicating that there is clinical relation between HBV infection and mitochondrial alterations. To explore the complex interplay between the functions of mitochondria and HBV infection in greater depth, we systematically summarized these mitochondrial alterations due to HBV infection in recent years. The liver is the central organ of metabolism that is a mitochondria‐rich tissue and represents strong defense and regeneration capabilities in the body. Infested cells and their microenvironment must upregulate energy production for proliferation, growth, and effector functions to restrain the damage imposed by HBV. The changes in metabolic pathways caused by HBV infection are nothing more than those in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Thus, this article brings into focus the effects of novel reprogramming of inner and outer mitochondria on HBV infection and then derives novel insights and new approaches for HBV diagnosis and therapy.
Response of mixed bacterial culture towards dibenzothiophene desulfurization under the influence of surfactants and microscopically (SEM and TEM) characterized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Javed , Ali Muhammad Ishtiaq , Jamal Asif , Ahmad Mushtaq , Achakzai Jahangir Khan , Zafar Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Excessive emission of sulfur dioxides from the combustion of coal and other fossil fuels for thermal and industrial purposes has been associated with serious environmental hazards. Biodesulfisation (BDS) can be an effective approach for reducing the impact of toxic gases to its inbuilt operational feasibility under ambient environmental conditions. In the present research, two strategies for BDS of a standard organosulfur compound such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) were investigated under laboratory conditions. In the first treatment, the role of different surfactants such as Tween‐20, Tween‐80, SDS, and EDTA on the desulfurization of DBT was investigated by the application of bacterial consortium IQMJ‐5. In the second treatment, Iron oxidenanoparticles were synthesized and immobilized on the surface of bacteria cells. Shake flask experiments were conducted with immobilized cells, surfactant amended immobilized cells, and control or noncoated cells. Among different surfactant treatments, Tween‐80 was found to be the most effective surfactant, showing maximum desulfurization activity at a concentration of 5 g/L. The transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that produced nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a size of about 46 nm and had a stoichiometric ratio of 55.85% and 44.15% between O and Fe, respectively. The nanoparticle treatment enhanced the DBT desulfurization process up to 11.37% as compared to the control, specifically when immobilized cells were used. Therefore, it was concluded that nanoparticles treatments with immobilization of the bacterial cells enhanced the desulfurization rate of DBT under ambient reaction conditions and provide a sustainable alternative for commercial coal BDS.
Adolescent and young adult preferences for financial incentives to support adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a mixed methods study
Authors: Eshun‐Wilson Ingrid , Akama Eliud , Adhiambo Fridah , Kwena Zachary , Oketch Bertha , Obatsa Sarah , Iguna Sarah , Kulzer Jayne L. , Nyanga James , Nyandieka Everlyne , Scheve Ally , Geng Elvin H. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Abuogi Lisa
Published: September 2022

Introduction

To develop a patient‐centred financial incentive delivery strategy to improve antiretroviral treatment adherence in adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV in Kisumu, Kenya, we conducted a mixed methods study exploring preferences.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) and focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted simultaneously to identify preferences for five incentive delivery strategy features: value, eligibility, recipient, format and disbursement frequency. We used consecutive sampling to recruit AYA (14–24 years) living with HIV attending three health facilities in Kisumu, Kenya. We calculated mean preferences, willingness to trade, latent class membership and predictors of latent class membership. The FGD explored preferred incentive features, and, after deductive and inductive coding, qualitative findings were triangulated with DCE results.

Results

Two hundred and seven AYA living with HIV (46% 14–17 years, 54% 18–24 years; 33% male sex, 89% viral load <50 copies/ml) were recruited to the study (28 October–16 November 2020). Two distinct preference phenotypes emerged from the DCE analysis (N = 199), 44.8% of the population fell into an “immediate reward” group, who wanted higher value cash or mobile money distributed at each clinic visit, and 55.2% fell into a “moderate spender” group, who were willing to accept lower value incentives in the form of cash or shopping vouchers, and accrued payments. The immediate reward group were willing to trade up to 200 Kenyan Shillings (KSH)—approximately 2 US dollars (USD)—of their 500 KSH (∼5 USD) incentive to get monthly as opposed to accrued yearly payments. The strongest predictor of latent class membership was age (RR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.08–1.95; p = 0.006). Qualitative data highlighted the unique needs of those attending boarding school and confirmed an overwhelming preference for cash incentives which appeared to provide the greatest versatility for use.

Conclusions

Providing small financial incentives as cash was well‐aligned with AYA preferences in this setting. AYA should additionally be offered a choice of other incentive delivery features (such as mobile money, recipient and disbursement frequency) to optimally align with the specific needs of their age group and life stage.
Improving medicine information on discharge summaries through implementation of a reconciliation‐based intervention
Authors: Nguyen Anna , Gibson Stephanie , Wembridge Paul
Published: September 2022

The handover of medication‐related information at the point of discharge often occurs via the discharge summary (DS), although these frequently contain errors. We aimed to investigate whether an intern pharmacist reviewing the medication details in discharge summaries (DSs), reconciling them with the discharge prescription and pointing out any discrepancies with the medical staff would reduce the rate of medication errors. The intervention was retrospectively reviewed by comparing medication information on the DS with the discharge prescription (considered the ‘source of truth’). Error rates on the DS were compared to a control group of patients discharged over a different 2‐week period from the same ward. A modified APINCH (Antimicrobials, Potassium and other electrolytes, Insulin, Narcotics and other sedatives, Chemotherapeutic agents, Heparin and other anticoagulants, Systems) classification system was used to identify high‐risk errors. The time taken to perform the intervention was measured and details of any recommendations collected. The study included 22 intervention patients and 31 control patients. Patients who received the intervention were less likely to have one or more medication errors on their DS (any: 4% vs 84%, p < 0.01; high‐risk: 0% vs 29%, p < 0.01). The intern pharmacist made a total of 77 recommendations during the intervention. Six recommendations (8%) related to high‐risk medications. The median time required to undertake the first review was 4 min, and the second review took 1 min. In conclusion, we found a reconciliation‐based intervention involving an intern pharmacist could reduce the rate of medication errors on DSs.
NSABP FC‐6: Surgical conversion rate in colorectal cancer patients with unresectable, KRAS wild‐type liver metastases receiving mFOLFOX7 plus cetuximab
Authors: Wagman Lawrence D. , Geller David A. , Jacobs Samuel A. , Petrelli Nicholas J. , Allegra Carmen J. , Lipchik Corey , Pogue‐Geile Katherine L. , Srinivasan Ashok , Wang Ying , O'Connell Michael J. ,   NSABP FC‐6 Study Group
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study sought to determine the R0 resection rate in KRAS wild‐type (WT), liver‐only metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients initially identified as having unresectable disease who were treated with FOLFOX7 plus cetuximab. Exploratory molecular analyses were undertaken before and after treatment.

Methods

Twenty patients were enrolled. None had prior adjuvant chemotherapy. Cetuximab was added to a FOLFOX7 backbone and administered at 500 mg/m2 every 14 days with dose reductions to 400 and 300 mg/m2 in the event of toxicity. In the absence of toxicity, dose‐escalations to 600, 700, and 800 mg/m2 were allowed. The mean dose of cetuximab (mg/m2/week) throughout the study was 289 mg/m2. Paired samples were collected for correlative studies, where feasible.

Results

We assessed the conversion rates from unresectable to resectable in hepatic‐only, KRAS exon 2 WT mCRC. Seventeen of 20 patients undergoing chemotherapy were considered resectable by imaging criteria; R0 resection was achieved in 15/20 patients. Molecular profiling revealed heterogeneity between patients at the gene‐expression, pathway signaling, and immune‐profile levels.

Conclusions

Although 15/20 (75%) converted to R0 resection, by 2 years, 10/15 R0 resections had recurred. Therefore, chemotherapy plus cetuximab is of limited long‐term benefit in this setting. ctDNA analysis may guide additional therapy including immunotherapy.
Ultrafast Electron Dynamics and Optical Interference Tomography of Laser Excited Steel
Authors: Fuentes‐Edfuf Yasser , Garcia‐Lechuga Mario , Solis Javier , Siegel Jan
Published: September 2022

Femtosecond laser machining of materials has transformed into a mature high‐precision technology, giving access to a wide range of applications. Yet, for a complete exploitation of its full potential, a detailed knowledge of the complex laser–matter interaction processes is required. For the case of the application‐relevant material steel, a complete study of the electron dynamics and material transformation upon single laser pulse irradiation (800 nm, 120 fs) is reported. Detailed analysis of the obtained time‐ and fluence‐dependent reflectivity map reveals that ultrafast electron heating during the pulse is directly followed by energy transfer to the lattice within a few picoseconds, reaching fluence‐dependent peak temperatures from below melting threshold to above the boiling point. Moreover, an innovative approach to obtain the ultrafast‐evolving 3D structure of a femtosecond laser excited material is reported, unraveling the dynamics of complex processes as melting, ablation, and solidification. Combined with modeling, the evolving optical properties, multilayer structure, and expansion velocities can be precisely determined. The information obtained from this study will contribute to further increase the achievable precision and wealth of structures that can be produced by designing efficient pulsed energy deposition schemes for selective re‐excitation of the material.
Gut Microbes Are Associated with the Vascular Beneficial Effects of Dietary Strawberry on Metabolic Syndrome‐Induced Vascular Inflammation
Authors: Miller James Coleman , Satheesh Babu Adhini Kuppuswamy , Petersen Chrissa , Wankhade Umesh D. , Robeson Michael S. , Putich Madison Nicole , Mueller Jennifer Ellen , O'Farrell Aubrey Sarah , Cho Jae Min , Chintapalli Sree V. , Jalili Thunder , Symons John David , Anandh Babu Pon Velayutham
Published: September 2022

Scope

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) alters the gut microbial ecology and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates whether strawberry consumption reduces vascular complications in an animal model of MetS and identifies whether this effect is associated with changes in the composition of gut microbes.

Methods and results

Seven‐week‐old male mice consume diets with 10% (C) or 60% kcal from fat (high‐fat diet fed mice; HF) for 12 weeks and subgroups are fed a 2.35% freeze‐dried strawberry supplemented diet (C+SB or HF+SB). This nutritional dose is equivalent to ≈160 g of strawberry. After 12 weeks treatment, vascular inflammation is enhanced in HF versus C mice as shown by an increased monocyte binding to vasculature, elevated serum chemokines, and increased mRNA expression of inflammatory molecules. However, strawberry supplementation suppresses vascular inflammation in HF+SB versus HF mice. Metabolic variables, blood pressure, and indices of vascular function were similar among the groups. Further, the abundance of opportunistic microbe is decreased in HF+SB. Importantly, circulating chemokines are positively associated with opportunistic microbes and negatively associated with the commensal microbes (Bifidobacterium and Facalibaculum).

Conclusion

Dietary strawberry decreases the abundance of opportunistic microbe and this is associated with a decrease in vascular inflammation resulting from MetS.
Orally Administered Xylo‐Oligosaccharides (XOS) Ameliorates Diarrhea Symptoms in Mice via Intestinal Barrier Improvement and Gut Microbiota Modulation
Authors: Tong Yanjun , Wang Qinyue , Zhang Jieyu , Yang Ruijin
Published: September 2022

Xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) has a bidirectional regulatory effect, and can be fermented by gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate how XOS alleviates Folium Sennae extracts induced diarrhea in mice. KM mice are given different concentration XOS for 3 weeks, and then Folium Sennae (Senna alexandrina Mill) extracts solutions (0.8 g mL−1) are given to establish diarrhea model. The results show that doses of XOS at 0.25 mg g−1 BW day−1 and higher could alleviate diarrhea symptoms by decreasing the disease activity indexes, down‐regulating pro‐inflammatory factors, up‐regulating anti‐inflammatory factor, and suppressing the intestinal permeability in colon tissues. XOS also regulates the composition of gut microbiota via increasing the abundance Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium. The results suggest that the dietary supplementation XOS could be a more effective choice to prevent and alleviate diarrhea.
ADEPT: Accurate Diffusion Echo‐Planar imaging with multi‐contrast shoTs
Authors: Shafieizargar Banafshe , Jeurissen Ben , Poot Dirk H. J. , Klein Stefan , Van Audekerke Johan , Verhoye Marleen , den Dekker Arnold J. , Sijbers Jan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To introduce a novel imaging and parameter estimation framework for accurate multi‐shot diffusion MRI.

Theory and Methods

We propose a new framework called ADEPT (Accurate Diffusion Echo‐Planar imaging with multi‐contrast shoTs) that enables fast diffusion MRI by allowing diffusion contrast settings to change between shots in a multi‐shot EPI acquisition (i.e., intra‐scan modulation). The framework estimates diffusion parameter maps directly from the acquired intra‐scan modulated k‐space data, while simultaneously accounting for shot‐to‐shot phase inconsistencies. The performance of the estimation framework is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation studies and in‐vivo experiments and compared to that of reference methods that rely on parallel imaging for shot‐to‐shot phase correction.

Results

Simulation and real‐data experiments show that ADEPT yields more accurate and more precise estimates of the diffusion metrics in multi‐shot EPI data in comparison with the reference methods.

Conclusion

ADEPT allows fast multi‐shot EPI diffusion MRI without significantly degrading the accuracy and precision of the estimated diffusion maps.
Gadolinium retention in the ischemic cerebrum: Implications for pain, neuron loss, and neurological deficits
Authors: Huang Xin‐Xin , Jiang Run‐Hao , Xu Xiao‐Quan , Wang Wei , Sun Yu‐Qin , Li Lei , Shi Hai‐Bin , Liu Sheng
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To investigate the effects of gadolinium (Gd) retention of macrocyclic (gadobutrol) or linear (gadopentetate) Gd‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) on neuron loss, neurological deficits, and sensory behavior in mice with or without stroke.

Methods

Ninety C57BL/6 mice underwent sham (n = 36) or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) (n = 54) surgery and then received intraperitoneal injections of 5.0 mmol/kg gadobutrol, 5.0 mmol/kg gadopentetate or saline (10 ml/kg/administration) per day for 3 consecutive days. The Gd concentration in the ischemic cerebrum was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on Day 1 and Day 28 after the last injection (post‐injection, p. i.). Neuron loss, glia activation and neurological deficits were assessed on Day 1 and 28 p. i. Sensory behavior was also assessed on Day 28 p. i.

Results

Gd concentrations were higher in the brains of tMCAO mice than in those of sham mice on Days 1 p. i. of both GBCAs (gadobutrol, p < 0.05; gadopentetate, p < 0.001) and 28 p. i of gadopentetate. (p < 0.001). Sham or tMCAO mice injected with GBCAs showed no significant difference in neuron loss, glia activation, neurological deficits, brain atrophy, or hippocampus‐dependent memory (all p > 0.05). Both gadobutrol and gadopentetate induced mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in sham mice (all p < 0.05). However, mechanical hyperalgesia but rather heat hyperalgesia was found in tMCAO mice with the highest force tested (1.0 g) and statistically significant in both paws (right and left) with gadopentetate only (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Neither gadobutrol nor gadopentetate worsened neuron loss, glia activation, brain atrophy, neurological deficits, or hippocampus‐dependent memory after tMCAO. However, GBCA administration induced mechanical hyperalgesia in sham and tMCAO mice although in the same level, which may be an important consideration for patients with central post‐stroke pain and those who are sensitive to pain and about to receive multiple GBCA administrations.
Information Displays, Artificial Intelligence, and a Smart Society
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi
Published: September 2022

Ultimate displays will not have the form of past information displays and will be defined as a simple function in the future.
Gene polymorphisms and post‐treatment toxicity and treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review
Authors: Rajabi‐Moghaddam Mahdieh , Abbaszadeh Hamid
Published: September 2022

Variations in toxicity and treatment response are observed among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) despite similar clinicopathologic characteristics that are attributed to gene polymorphisms. This study aimed to review the literatures about the impact of gene polymorphisms on post‐treatment toxicity and treatment response in HNSCCs. A systematic search of all original articles about impact of gene polymorphisms on toxicity and response rate in HNSCCs was done till September 2021 using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Of 15 345 initial searched articles, 25 articles were finally found to be eligible for inclusion in this review. A total of 41 genes and 69 polymorphisms were examined in these studies. Twenty‐nine genes with 42 polymorphisms for treatment response and 21 genes with 33 polymorphisms were examined for post‐treatment toxicity. Because each of the Asp312Asn ERCC2, IIe105Val GSTP1, and Phe31Ile AurkA polymorphisms has been associated with significant results in two studies, these polymorphisms are more likely to be associated with a treatment response. In the same way, the R521K EGFR polymorphism is more likely to be associated with a post‐treatment toxicity. Because some polymorphisms such as R521K EGFR, *4 or *6 CYP2D6, and rs396991 FcγRIIIa have been associated with significant results in one study (without contradictory study), it is likely that they will be associated with a treatment response by further studies. Due to the paucity of studies, definitive conclusions are impossible, so further studies with meta‐analysis in the future are recommended.
Computational study on the reduction and solvolysis of triplet chlorobenzenes
Authors: Nitu Cristina , Crespi Stefano
Published: September 2022

In this work we explored the excited state reactivity of triplet chlorobenzenes with density functional theory and a cluster‐continuum approach. We modeled two competing reactions: a direct abstraction of hydrogen from a solvent molecule and solvolysis via photo‐SN2Ar. Electron donating (–OMe, –CH2SiMe3, –SiMe3) and withdrawing (–CN) substituents not only have distinct effects on the triplet geometries, inducing structural distortions due to the relief of excited state antiaromaticity, but also affect the reactivity of the system. Therefore, electron‐rich chlorobenzenes favor the radical reduction, while electron deficiency opens the possibility for solvolysis. Both reactions are energetically comparable to or more favorable then the dissociation of the C‐Cl bond to form triplet or singlet aryl cations, the intermediates considered responsible for these reactivities. Our findings can be correlated with experimental results on similar systems available from the literature, deeming the proposed pathways as viable alternatives to established mechanisms involving aryl cations.
High‐throughput protein binding assay using cross‐sample pooling in combination with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Cai Jingwei , Huang Julie , Yan Zhengyin
Published: September 2022

Rationale

The fraction of unbound drugs (ƒu) is a useful pharmacokinetic parameter in understanding drug disposition (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion), pharmacological activity and toxicity. Therefore, protein binding assays are frequently performed in drug development, creating a high demand for biological, experimental and analytical resources. Our work aims to increase binding assay throughput and comprehensiveness, while reducing biological and experimental consumption without compromising data quality by introducing cross‐pooling and cassetting procedures, followed by a rapid and informative high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis.

Methods

Individual drugs were spiked into a test matrix and incubated in a rapid equilibrium dialysis device. After incubation, a cross‐pooling procedure was performed, in which the samples of one drug were equalized with the complementary matrix provided from a different drug. The same drugs were also assayed with a conventional method, in which samples were equalized with the newly prepared complementary matrix. Cross‐pooled samples were further cassetted to increase throughput. The samples were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with an Orbitrap HRMS, and the fu values were calculated and compared between the cross‐pooling and conventional sampling procedures.

Results

Highly comparable human plasma fu values of 27 drugs representing different chemical classes and wide‐ranging fu values were obtained by conventional and cross‐pooling procedures, The tight correlation was further validated in other species (rat, mouse) and matrices (microsomes, brain). In addition, the cassetted samples showed highly consistent fu values compared to their noncassetted counterparts. Moreover, HRMS analysis not only showed highly consistent and repeatable quantification results compared to the “gold standard” triple quadrupole (QqQ) analysis, but also demonstrated outstanding advantage over QqQ in enabling a high‐throughput, informative and versatile analysis.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that the cross‐pooling procedure with further sample cassetting using HRMS is experimentally and analytically feasible to allow a higher throughput (increased by up to 8‐fold), resource‐effective (reducing matrix consumption by 50%, minimizing time spent on method development and platemap design), analytically dependable (accurate quantification), and versatile (metabolite elucidation and low recovery troubleshooting) analysis.
Differences in respiration rates and abrasion losses may muddle attribution of breakdown to macroinvertebrates versus microbes in litterbag experiments
Authors: Tomczyk Nathan J. , Rosemond Amy D. , Bumpers Phillip M. , Cummins Carolyn S. , Yang Carol , Wenger Seth J.
Published: September 2022

Leaf breakdown is an important process in forested headwater streams. A common method used to quantify the role of macroinvertebrate and microbial communities in leaf litter breakdown involves using paired mesh bags that either allow or exclude macroinvertebrate access to leaves. We examined common assumptions of the paired litterbag method to test (1) whether mesh size alters microbial respiration and (2) whether the effects of abrasive flows (e.g., from water and sediment) differ between coarse‐ and fine‐mesh litterbags. We measured rates of microbial respiration on Acer rubrum and Rhododendron maximum leaves incubated in coarse‐ and fine‐mesh litterbags. We also measured rates of abrasion using aerated concrete blocks in pairs of coarse‐ and fine‐mesh bags in ten streams across a gradient of discharge. We found that rates of microbial respiration on Acer rubrum leaves conditioned in fine‐mesh bags were 65% greater than the rates of respiration in paired coarse‐mesh bags, but respiration rates on Rhododendron maximum were similar in coarse‐ and fine‐mesh bags. Abrasion was, on average, 56% greater in coarse‐mesh than paired fine‐mesh bags, and these effects were greater in streams with higher discharge. These results suggest that more caution is required when attributing the difference in leaf breakdown between coarse‐ and fine‐mesh bags to macroinvertebrates. Because the effect of mesh size on microbial respiration of Acer leaves and abrasion are opposite in direction, the effect that dominates and creates bias likely depends on both environmental context and experimental design.
Effect of Tooling Temperature on the Transient Lubricant Behavior in Hot Metal Forming Processes
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zhang LeMeng , Liu Heli , Politis Denis J. , Gharbi Mohammad M. , Shi Huifeng , Wang LiLiang
Published: September 2022

In hot metal forming processes, the temperature of the forming tool progressively increases under serial production conditions. Water‐based two‐phase lubricants may be applied to cool the forming tool and moderate temperature, in which the liquid agent would evaporate or decompose rapidly with dry matter deposited on the tooling surface during the dwelling time before the forming process commences. Herein, an interactive friction model for a two‐phase lubricant is developed to predict the transient lubricant behaviors, i.e., predicting the effects of tool temperature and dwelling time on the friction coefficient evolution and lubricant breakdown. Friction tests between a warm pin and hot aluminum workpiece are conducted using the advanced friction testing system, TriboMate, to validate the modeling results.
A Portable Transformable Device
Authors: Ishino Masaya , Matsumoto Mitsuharu
Published: September 2022

Although there have been many studies on transforming robots in recent years, there are few reports of using transforming robots for daily use. In this research, we developed a portable transformable device using shape memory resin with the aim of daily use of the deformation devices. The developed device is lightweight and easy to carry. In spite of its simple structure, it is possible to realize a more complicated structure by combining them with each other. In order to clarify the effectiveness of the proposed device, we show some usage examples of the device and show the potential of the device as various tools for our daily life. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Local preventive effects of shakuyakukanzoto and paeoniflorin external gel on paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathic pain in mice
Authors: Andoh Tsugunobu , Kurokawa Yoko , Kato Mitsuru , Juntado Mikhaela Estrada
Published: September 2022

Aim

Chemotherapy for cancer patients induces peripheral neuropathic pain as a refractory side effect. We reported that the prophylactic repeated oral administration of a traditional herbal medicine, shakuyakukanzoto (SKT), peripherally inhibited paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia in mice. In the present study, we therefore developed external gel forms of SKT and the major constituent paeoniflorin (PF), and evaluated their effects on paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia in mice.

Methods

A single intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel was given to mice. SKT or PF external gel (SKT‐Gel or PF‐Gel) was topically applied to the right planar surface twice daily for 13 days. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated by the von Frey filament test.

Results

The prophylactic repeated topical application of SKT‐Gel or PF‐Gel on the right planar surface inhibited the exacerbation of paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia. However, the prophylactic repeated topical application of external base gel (BS‐Gel) on the left planar surface in the same mice treated with paclitaxel did not affect the allodynia.

Conclusion

Prophylactic repeated topical applications of SKT‐Gel and PF‐Gel locally inhibited the exacerbation of paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia. These gels were useful for the control of paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathic pain.