bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of Solar Seed Sowing Machine Using Remote Control
Authors:   Civil Engineering, The Kavery Engineering College, Mecheri. Tamilnadu, India., R Boopathiraja , R Dhivya , M Jeevitha , S Priyadharshini , R Sowmiya
Published: May 2023

The aim of this project is to develop a lightweight, economical and reliable seed sowing machine that will increase the efficiency of the crop produced and also to develop a better mechanical machine to help the agriculture field which reduce the amount and type of work spend on one crop. Hence in this work of project we decided to design and build a machine which will be available for farmer of small scale production at cheaper rate also which can reduce their expenditure and the profit of farmer at the same time. The main specialty of this projects that it can also sow cotton seed with ease. The agriculture field needs to find solutions on old agricultural technique and replace them with more efficient technique. In this project we tried to design and fabricate machine to reduce target energy input in more efficient way than in the past. The advent of autonomous system architecture gives us opportunity to develop a new range of agricultural equipment based on small smart machine that can do the right thing in the right place at the right time in the right way. It will increase productivity and decrease expenses in agriculture sector. In agriculture, the opportunities for robot can increase efficiency and the robots are on farms in various appearances and with new technologies are in increasing numbers. The proposed robot design can perform the agricultural operations such as seed sowing and it is a remote controlled robot with reciprocating action of a seeding mechanism. Keywords: Agriculture, remote control, solar panel, seed (groundnut.
Solar Wireless Charging For Electric Vehicle While Driving
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India., P.M Yocashwari , J Rexy Jenifer , M Sivaranjani , C Madhumitha , D Dr.Devarajan
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a novel concept of solar wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs) while driving. The idea is to integrate solar panels into the roads and use wireless charging technology to transfer energy from the solar panels to the EVs. . To overcome these challenges, several approaches have been proposed, including increasing battery capacity, improving charging infrastructure, and using alternative energy sources. One promising approach is to use solar energy to charge EVs while driving. Solar energy is abundant and renewable, and it can be harnessed using solar panels installed on the roads. However, traditional charging methods, such as plug-in charging, have limitations in terms of convenience and efficiency. Wireless charging technology, on the other hand, has the potential to overcome these limitations by enabling charging while driving without the need for physical connections. we propose a novel concept of solar wireless charging for EVs while driving. The proposed system integrates solar panels into the roads and uses wireless charging technology to transfer energy from the solar panels to the Evs. Key words: Electric road system, wireless power transfer, transmitter and receiver coils, power lanes, e-vechile ,charging while driving, no battery drain, easy to use, get charge while running , future oriented.
Tartışmalı Yönleriyle Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda İtiraz Kanun Yolu
Authors: Kayabaşı Recep
Published: May 2023

Yargılama sürecinde verilmiş olan kararların hukuka uygun olması gereklidir. Ancak bazen verilen kararlarda hukuka aykırılıklar bulunabilir. Kanun yolları, kararların hukuka uygun olup olmadığının denetimine olanak sağlayan önemli kurumlardır. 5271 sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununda kanun yolları, olağan kanun yolları ve olağanüstü kanun yolları olmak üzere iki ana başlık altında düzenlenmiştir. İtiraz kanun yolu, olağan kanun yollarından biridir. İtiraz, hakim ve kanunun gösterdiği hallerde mahkeme kararlarına karşı başvurulabilen kanun yoludur. Bu çalışmada itiraz kanun yolu incelenecektir. Özellikle tartışmalı hususlar hakkında detaylı bir inceleme yapılacaktır. Sorun teşkil eden hususlar hakkında ileri sürülen çözüm önerileri üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu inceleme yapılırken doktrindeki görüşlerden ve mahkeme kararlarından yararlanılacaktır.
PROCJENA ADAPTIVNOG PONAŠANJA
Authors: Ćalasan Slađana , Jovanović Nadica
Published: May 2023

Razumijevanje konstrukta adaptivnog ponašanja i njegove procjene od presudnog je značaja za istraživače i kliničare u svrhu uspješnog postavljanja dijagnoze intelektualne ometenosti (IO), formulisanja ciljeva i okvira za obrazovanje i rehabilitaciju i fokusiranja na suštinsku dimenziju ljudskog funkcionisanja. Od konstruisanja prvog standardizovanog instrumenta za mjerenje adaptivnog ponašanja (1968) do danas, razvijeno je preko 200 različitih skala. Međutim, mali broj njih je u potpunosti zadovoljio sljedeće kriterijume: da su zasnovane na trofaktorskoj strukturi adaptivnog ponašanja (konceptualne, socijalne i praktične vještine), normirane na reprezentativnom uzorku opšte populacije, konstruisane posebno u svrhu postavljanja ili isključivanja dijagnoze IO i da posjeduju dobre psihometrijske karakteristike. Savremene skale za procjenu adaptivnog ponašanja pokrivaju širok raspon godina ispitanika, uobičajeno posjeduju alternativne forme za informante (roditelje i nastavnike), normirane su na velikim uzorcima ispitanika u skorije vrijeme i postoje dokazi o njihovoj pouzdanosti i validnosti. Imajući u vidu da je adaptivno ponašanje ono što mjere skale za njegovu procjenu i da je to vjerovatno jedina definicija oko koje se generalno slažu svi istraživači, cilj ovog rada je da na osnovu pregleda i analize dostupne literature pružimo uvid u savremena saznanja o procjeni adaptivnog ponašanja.
ARTIKULACIONE SPOSOBNOSTI DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Golubović Slavica , Ječmenica Nevena , Andreevich Dmitriev Alexey , Lukianova Inna , Kolagina Viktoria
Published: May 2023

Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrde karakteristike artikulacionih sposobnosti i fonemskog sluha kod dece predškolskog uzrasta. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 50 dece, od čega je 27 dečaka (54%) i 23 (46%) devojčice, uzrasta od šest do sedam godina. Za potrebe istraživanja korišćeni su Trijažni artikulacioni test (Kostić, Vladisavljević & Popović, 1983) i Test fonemskog sluha (Kostić, Vladisavljević & Popović, 1983). Rezultati pokazuju da najveći broj dece iz uzorka ostvaruje visoko postignuće na zadacima auditivne diskriminacije glasova iz grupe vokala, ploziva, laterala, nazala, kao i određenih frikativa i afrikata. Najveći procenat netačnih/delimično tačnih odgovora utvrđen je na zadacima auditivne diskriminacije fonemskih parova Z-Ž i Č-Š. Rezultati istraživanja artikulacionih sposobnosti pokazali su da deca najčešće nepravilno izgovaraju glasove: R (26%), L i LJ (18-24%), kao i DŽ (16%). Komparacija postignuća dece na zadacima izgovora i auditivne diskriminacije glasova u odnosu na kategorije uzrasta i pola nije dostigla zadati nivo značajnosti od 0,05. Rana dijagnostika govorno- jezičkih poremećaja kod dece je veoma značajna jer stručnjacima ostaje mnogo više vremena da započnu i uspešno završe tretman.
SOCIJALNA DISTANCA VEĆINSKE POPULACIJE PREMA OSOBAMA SA INTELEKTUALNIM POTEŠKOĆAMA
Authors: Kurspahić Mujčić Amira , Mujčić Amra
Published: May 2023

Uvod Socijalna distanca često se koristi kao pokazatelj diskriminacije i odnosi se na sklonost ljudi da izbjegavaju kontakte sa stigmatiziranom populacijom, uključujući osobe sa intelektualnim poteškoćama. Cilj Istražiti razinu socijalne distance opće populacije prema pojedincima sa intelektualnim poteškoćama i istražiti značajne korelate. Metod Ova studija presjeka je provedena u ambulantama porodične medicine JU Dom zdravlja Kantona Sarajevo. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 240 ispitanika. Kao instrument istraživanja korišten je upitnik o općim socio-demografskim karakteristikama ispitanika i skala socijalne distance (modificirana Bogardus-ova skala). Rezultati Vrijednost medijane skale socijalne distance je iznosila 17 (minimum, 6; maximum, 30). Najintimniji društveni odnosi (brak) nalaze se na vrhu ljestvice. Muškarci su zauzele stavove koji su odražavali veću socijalnu distancu od žena (p = 0,016). Stariji sudionici iskazali su veću socijalnu distancu od mlađih, ali ne statistički značajno (p = 0,323). Zaključak Danas kada se velika pažnja poklanja uključivanju u zajednicu svih osobe sa intelektualnim poteškoćama, stigmatizirajući stavovi većinske populacije bi mogli predstavljati barijeru za efikasno provođenje socijalne inkluzije.
KVALITETA ŽIVOTA BRAĆE I SESTARA U PORODICI DJETETA S OŠTEĆENJEM SLUHA
Authors: Mujkanović Edin
Published: May 2023

Očuvanje porodice kao osnovne ćelije društva u savremenom načinu života je veliki izazov. Očuvanje i funkcionisanje porodice gdje je jedno dijete s oštećenjem sluha predstavlja ogroman pritisak roditeljima, koji moraju naučiti balansirati između djeteta koje ima teškoću i djeteta koje nema. Uočavanjem i dijagnostikovanjem teškoće kod djeteta roditelji se suočavaju sa potpuno novim načinom života. Odgajanje djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju za njih je put u nepoznato, nije rijetkost da brak zapadne u krizu, svakodnevno su izloženi stresu i brojnim obavezama. Uz nerazumijevanje šire porodice za probleme s kojima se suočavaju i društvene zajednice koja ne pruža adekvatnu podršku, moraju naučiti na koji način će odgajati i jedno i drugo dijete. Koliko će ravnopravno postupati u ophođenju prema njima je od presudnog značaja za razvijanje skladnih bratsko – sestrinskih odnosa. Adekvatnim pristupom i pravilnim odgojem, dijete s teškoćama u razvoju u porodici stvara posebne veze među članovima koji doprinose bržem sazrijevanju, većoj zrelosti, odgovornosti i samostalnosti braće i sestara.
UČESTALOST AGRESIVNOG PONAŠANJA KOD DJECE S OŠTEĆENJEM SLUHA
Authors: Abdičević Dalila , Kurtović Kanita
Published: May 2023

Agresivnost je jako teško definisati, obzirom da ima mnogo različitih pojavnih oblika. Možemo je definisati kao društveno neprihvatljivo ponašanje s namjerom nanošenja štete osobi ili imovini. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi da li djeca s oštećenjem sluha pokazuju više agresivnosti; u odnosu na djecu bez oštećenja sluha. Dodatni cilj bio je ispitati da li postoje razlike u ispoljavanju agresivnosti u odnosu na spol ispitanika. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja kreirana je check-lista za procjenu agresivnog ponašanja, koja se sastoji od 10 stavki, a svaka stavka je predstavljena na Likertovoj skali. Istraživanje je provedeno u redovnoj i specijalnoj školi. Uzorak istraživanja je 36 učenika (18 učenika iz redovne škole, 18 učenika iz specijalne škole). Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja utvrđeno je da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u nivou agresivnog ponašanja djece s oštećenjem sluha i čujuće. Međutim, primjetno je da djeca sa oštećenjem sluha imaju veći raspon agresivnog ponašanja u odnosu na djecu bez oštećenja sluha. U odnosu na spol ispitanika, rezultati istraživanja su također pokazali da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u agresivnom ponašanju između dječaka i djevojčica, ali je bitno napomenuti da su dječaci postigli nešto veće rezultate na skali agresivnosti. Postoji vjerovatnoća da zbog malog uzorka nije nađena statistički značajna razlika, ali možemo zaključiti da djeca s oštećenjem sluha ispoljavaju veći varijabilitet u agresivnom ponašanju, u odnosu na djecu bez oštećenja sluha. Dječaci pokazuju nešto viši stupanj agresivnog ponašanja u odnosu na djevojčice, ali ta razlika nije statistički značajna. Na kraju rada dat je prikaz i nekih strategija za reduciranje agresivnog ponašanja djece.
ZAJEDNO UPLOVIMO U SVEMIR
Authors: Begović Lukač Rasema , Dramalija Merima
Published: May 2023

Učenje utiče na sve osobine čovjeka i izaziva relativno trajne promjene njegove ličnosti. U osnovnim školama, između ostalog, poznavanje osnova Sunčevog sistema, dio je obaveznog gradiva. Međutim, kada su u pitanja učenici sa oštećenjem vida, nastavnici nailaze na određene prepreke u objašnjavanju ove tematike. Stoga je osnovni zahtjev u rješavanju ovog problema prilagođavanje metoda i sredstava njihovim specifičnostima opažanja. Projekat „Zajedno uplovimo u svemir“ je ideja za nastavnike koja ima za cilj pomoći, prije svega slijepim i visoko slabovidnim učenicima, pri savladavnju za njih veoma apstraktnog gradiva. Željeli smo da kroz multidimenzionalan pristup omogućimo što kvalitetnije znanje, shvatanje i stvaranje slike svemira, a uz uvažavanje specifičnosti učenja djece sa oštećenjem vida, njihove pažnje, percepcije i pamćenja. U izradi didaktičkog modela Sunčevog sistema, korišteni su prirodni materijali, predmeti, modeli, crteži, pisani i audio zapis, kao i različite metode učenja.
retro-Tango enables versatile retrograde circuit tracing in Drosophila
Authors: Sorkaç Altar , Moșneanu Rareș A , Crown Anthony M , Savaş Doruk , Okoro Angel M , Memiş Ezgi , Talay Mustafa , Barnea Gilad
Published: May 2023

Transsynaptic tracing methods are crucial tools in studying neural circuits. Although a couple of anterograde tracing methods and a targeted retrograde tool have been developed in Drosophila melanogaster, there is still need for an unbiased, user-friendly, and flexible retrograde tracing system. Here, we describe retro-Tango, a method for transsynaptic, retrograde circuit tracing and manipulation in Drosophila. In this genetically encoded system, a ligand-receptor interaction at the synapse triggers an intracellular signaling cascade that results in reporter gene expression in presynaptic neurons. Importantly, panneuronal expression of the elements of the cascade renders this method versatile, enabling its use not only to test hypotheses but also to generate them. We validate retro-Tango in various circuits and benchmark it by comparing our findings with the electron microscopy reconstruction of the Drosophila hemibrain. Our experiments establish retro-Tango as a key method for circuit tracing in neuroscience research.
A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jones Hannah , Willis Jenny A , Firth Lucy C , Giachello Carlo NG , Gilestro Giorgio F
Published: May 2023

Understanding how the brain encodes behaviour is the ultimate goal of neuroscience and the ability to objectively and reproducibly describe and quantify behaviour is a necessary milestone on this path. Recent technological progresses in machine learning and computational power have boosted the development and adoption of systems leveraging on high-resolution video recording to track an animal pose and describe behaviour in all four dimensions. However, the high temporal and spatial resolution that these systems offer must come as a compromise with their throughput and accessibility. Here, we describe coccinella, an open-source reductionist framework combining high-throughput analysis of behaviour using real-time tracking on a distributed mesh of microcomputers (ethoscopes) with resource-lean statistical learning (HCTSA/Catch22). Coccinella is a reductionist system, yet outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives when exploring the pharmacobehaviour in Drosophila melanogaster.
Two-way Dispatched function in Sonic hedgehog shedding and transfer to high-density lipoproteins
Authors: Ehring Kristina , Ehlers Sophia Friederike , Froese Jurij , Gude Fabian , Puschmann Janna , Grobe Kay
Published: May 2023

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway controls embryonic development and tissue homeostasis after birth. This requires regulated solubilization of dual-lipidated, firmly plasma membrane-associated Shh precursors from producing cells. Although it is firmly established that the resistance-nodulation-division transporter Dispatched (Disp) drives this process, it is less clear how lipidated Shh solubilization from the plasma membrane is achieved. We have previously shown that Disp promotes proteolytic solubilization of Shh from its lipidated terminal peptide anchors. This process, termed shedding, converts tightly membrane-associated hydrophobic Shh precursors into delipidated soluble proteins. We show here that Disp-mediated Shh shedding is modulated by a serum factor that we identify as high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition to serving as a soluble sink for free membrane cholesterol, HDLs also accept the cholesterol-modified Shh peptide from Disp. The cholesteroylated Shh peptide is necessary and sufficient for Disp-mediated transfer because artificially cholesteroylated mCherry associates with HDL in a Disp-dependent manner, whereas an N-palmitoylated Shh variant lacking C-cholesterol does not. Disp-mediated Shh transfer to HDL is completed by proteolytic processing of the palmitoylated N-terminal membrane anchor. In contrast to dual-processed soluble Shh with moderate bioactivity, HDL-associated N-processed Shh is highly bioactive. We propose that the purpose of generating different soluble forms of Shh from the dual-lipidated precursor is to tune cellular responses in a tissue-type and time-specific manner.
Reciprocal discoidin domain receptor signaling strengthens integrin adhesion to connect adjacent tissues
Authors: Park Kieop , Jayadev Ranjay , Payne Sara G , Kenny-Ganzert Isabel W , Chi Qiuyi , Costa Daniel S , Ramos-Lewis William , Thendral Siddharthan B , Sherwood David R
Published: May 2023

Separate tissues connect through adjoining basement membranes to carry out molecular barrier, exchange, and organ support functions. Cell adhesion at these connections must be robust and balanced to withstand independent tissue movement. Yet, how cells achieve synchronized adhesion to connect tissues is unknown. Here, we have investigated this question using the Caenorhabditis elegans utse-seam tissue connection that supports the uterus during egg-laying. Through genetics, quantitative fluorescence, and cell-specific molecular disruption, we show that type IV collagen, which fastens the linkage, also activates the collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor-2 (DDR-2) in both the utse and seam. RNAi depletion, genome editing, and photobleaching experiments revealed that DDR-2 signals through LET-60/Ras to coordinately strengthen an integrin adhesion in the utse and seam that stabilizes their connection. These results uncover a synchronizing mechanism for robust adhesion during tissue connection, where collagen both affixes the linkage and signals to both tissues to bolster their adhesion.
Mice lacking triglyceride synthesis enzymes in adipose tissue are resistant to diet-induced obesity
Authors: Chitraju Chandramohan , Fischer Alexander W , Ambaw Yohannes A , Wang Kun , Yuan Bo , Hui Sheng , Walther Tobias C , Farese Robert V
Published: May 2023

Triglycerides (TGs) in adipocytes provide the major stores of metabolic energy in the body. Optimal amounts of TG stores are desirable as insufficient capacity to store TG, as in lipodystrophy, or exceeding the capacity for storage, as in obesity, results in metabolic disease. We hypothesized that mice lacking TG storage in adipocytes would result in excess TG storage in cell types other than adipocytes and severe lipotoxicity accompanied by metabolic disease. To test this hypothesis, we selectively deleted both TG synthesis enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, in adipocytes (ADGAT DKO mice). As expected with depleted energy stores, ADGAT DKO mice did not tolerate fasting well and, with prolonged fasting, entered torpor. However, ADGAT DKO mice were unexpectedly otherwise metabolically healthy and did not accumulate TGs ectopically or develop associated metabolic perturbations, even when fed a high-fat diet. The favorable metabolic phenotype resulted from activation of energy expenditure, in part via BAT (brown adipose tissue) activation and beiging of white adipose tissue. Thus, the ADGAT DKO mice provide a fascinating new model to study the coupling of metabolic energy storage to energy expenditure.
Multi-omics analysis of pyroptosis regulation patterns and characterization of tumor microenvironment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shang Bingbing , Wang Ruohan , Qiao Haiyan , Zhao Xixi , Wang Liang , Sui Shaoguang
Published: May 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor of the liver, and pyroptosis has been identified as a novel cellular program that plays a role in numerous diseases including cancer. However, the functional role of pyroptosis in HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the two found hub genes and provide targets for clinical treatment.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to collect the gene data and clinically-related information of patients with HCC. After the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, they were intersected with the genes related to pyroptosis, and a risk prediction model was established to predict the overall survival (OS). Subsequently, drug sensitivity analysis, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was used to analyze the biological characteristics of the DEGs. Different immune cell infiltration and related pathways were analyzed, and hub genes were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI). Finally, the expression of hub genes was verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.

Results

We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 8,958 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 37 differentially expressed genes were associated with pyroptosis through intersection. Moreover, we developed an OS model with excellent predictive ability and discovered the differences in biological function, drug sensitivity, and immune microenvironment between high-risk and low-risk groups. Through enrichment analysis, we found that the differentially expressed genes are related to various biological processes. Then, 10 hub genes were identified from protein-protein interaction networks. Finally, midkine (MDK) was screened from the 10 hub genes and further verified by PCR and immunohistochemistry, which revealed its high expression in HCC.

Conclusion

We have developed a reliable and consistent predictive model based on the identification of potential hub genes, which can be used to accurately forecast the prognosis of patients, thus providing direction for further clinical research and treatment.
The Impact of Increasing Forest Loss Areas on the Global Temperature, and Tourism Industry
Authors: Gu Shengyu
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between deforestation, climate change, and the tourism industry, and to explore the potential impacts of decreasing forest areas on these phenomena. The background of the study is that deforestation has become a major environmental problem in many parts of the world, with significant consequences for the global climate and natural ecosystems. Climate change, in turn, has a range of impacts on human societies, including changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and altered ecosystems.

The study found that decreasing forest areas have a significant impact on increasing global temperatures, as forests play a critical role in absorbing and storing carbon dioxide, one of the main greenhouse gases responsible for climate change. As a result, deforestation contributes to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming. The study also highlighted the impact of climate change on the tourism industry, which can alter weather patterns and affect the availability of natural attractions.

In terms of concrete values, the study provides specific data on the forest area and the annual change in forest area for six countries, including Brazil, Indonesia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Peru, Thailand, and Costa Rica. The study also provides data on the average annual temperature increase from 1990 to 2019 for these countries, as well as international tourist arrivals in 2019.

The study further emphasizes the role of sustainable forest management and eco-tourism in mitigating the negative impacts of deforestation on the tourism industry. This includes promoting responsible tourism practices, such as minimizing environmental impacts, supporting local communities, and conserving natural resources. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between forest conservation, climate change, and the tourism industry, and highlights the importance of sustainable practices for the long-term viability of both the natural environment and the tourism sector.
Effects of chitosan nanoparticles coating on delaying of seed soybean (Gycine max) deterioration
Authors: Bin Arif Abdullah , Yuliani, Sri , Hernani Qanytah , Agustinisar Iceu , Winarti Christina
Published: May 2023

High-quality seed is always demanded by farmers and may result in up to a 30% increase in crop yields. One of the major constraints ofsoybean cultivation is that soybean seeds quickly deteriorate in storage due to high lipid and protein content. Coating technology withvarious coating formulas is needed to extend seeds’ shelf life. This research aimed to determine the effects of CSNPs (chitosan-waxnanoparticles) and CS (chitosan-wax) as active coating ingredients in delaying the Deterioration of soybean seed quality. Two varietiesof soybean seed and three coating treatments (control, CS, and CSNPs) were used during storage for six months. Each treatment wasreplicated four times, and the observation was conducted monthly. The result showed that coating treatment could significantly suppressthe increase in water content and the decrease in protein and fat levels compared to the control. Moreover, the coating also suppresses therespiration rate, ethylene content, and MDA concentration during storage, especially for the Grobogan variety. The coated seed showeda higher vigor index and germination than the controls, particularly in the Dega variety. The CSNPs performed better than CS and controlfor all the experimental parameters. The germination percentage of the Dega variety soybean seeds after six months of storage at CS andCSNPs coating treatments were 93.33 and 92.67%, respectively, much higher than the Grobogan variety. The initial mositure contentmuch influenced the seed’s physical, chemical, and viability during storage.
Effect of germination and eggshells nanocalcium fortification on characteristics of germinated mung bean drink (Vigna radiata.)
Authors: Malahayati Nura , Wardhani Widowati Tri , Indriyani Syafutri Merynda , Cahaya Pertiwi Revicha
Published: May 2023

Germinated mung bean drinks with eggshell nanocalcium fortification are an alternative beverage to replace milk. This study aimed todetermine the effect of germination time and eggshells nanocalcium fortification on physicochemical characteristics of the germinated mungbean drink. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two treatments factors. The first factor was germination timewhich consisted of three treatment levels (6, 12 and 18 hours) and the second factor was the type of eggshell nanocalcium which consistedof two type of treatment (chicken and duck eggshell), plus the control treatment as mung bean drink without germination and additionof eggshell nanocalcium. Each experiment was repeated three times. Observed parameters in this study were chemical characteristics(protein, calcium, vitamin C, and pH) and physical characteristics (viscosity and stability) of germinated mung bean drink. The resultsshowed that the germination time treatment significantly affected the value of protein, calcium, vitamin C, pH, viscosity, and stability ofthe germinated mung bean drink. Germination increased vitamin C in mung beans with an average value of 8,21-14,66 mg/100 g. Eggshellnanocalcium fortification showed a significant effect on increasing calcium of germinated mung bean drink. Germinated mung bean drinkproduced from 6 hours of germination and fortification of duck nanocalcium had the highest calcium content with value of 24.82%
Standardization of process for development of instant chickpea using Desi and Kabuli variety
Authors: Badola Rahul , Sangeeta Sabbu , Rai Sweta
Published: May 2023

Chickpea is considered among the most important leguminous crops in the world but is not a regular meal pulse due to their long cooking time and lengthy preparatory procedure. This gives rise to the need of converting raw chickpea into convenient food. For the preparation of instant chickpea from Desi and Kabuli variety, Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed which consisted of four variables i.e. sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 and temperature for soaking treatments. This design was used to develop models for the soaking time, change in colour, split %, alkalinity and cooking time for prepared instant chickpea samples. High-temperature hydration (60 °C) required lesser time to achieve the maximum hydration, whereas low-temperature hydration (30 °C) enhanced the hydration time and reduced the cooking time of instant chickpea significantly (P≤ 0.01) but this condition was inverse for the splitting/butterfly defects. Increasing the concentration of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate from 0.5 to 1.5 % during soaking treatments increased the splitting and alkalinity and produced undesirable colours in treated samples of chickpea. RSM optimized values concerning concentrations of different salts i.e. NaCl, NaHCO3, and (NH4)2CO3 in soaking solution were 0.59, 0.85 % and 0.82 %, respectively at 49.81 °C temperature for Desi instant chickpea having 11 minutes of cooking time whereas corresponding values for Kabuli chickpea were 1.07 % NaCl, 0.79 % NaHCO3, and 0.70 % (NH4)2CO3 at 46.53 °C temperature with 13 min cooking time.

Keywords: Central Composite Rotatable Design, Chickpea, Soaking, Cooking time, Instant
Whole chloroplast genome sequences contribute to phylogenetic relatedness and cultivar identification in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Izzah Nur Kholilatul , Park Hyun Seung , . Reflinur
Published: May 2023

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is considered as economic importance crop playing a major role as source of chocolate industries for production of both chocolate candy and cocoa butter. Despite the advantages of cacao in industrial sector, understanding the global structure of cacao chloroplast genome plays a crucial role in explaining phylogenetic relationships and cultivar identification. This study aimed to perform phylogenetic analysis of cacao genotypes and develop DNA barcode markers using cacao chloroplast sequences. Chloroplast genome sequencing of two cacao genotypes (DR-1 and Sca-12) was conducted by the Illumina Miseq platform. Phylogenetic analysis of 12 cacao genotypes including two genotypes sequenced in this study (DR-1 and Sca-12) and ten genotypes previously sequenced (HQ336404, EET-64, ICS-01, ICS-06, ICS-39, Pentagonum, Sca-6, Stahel, Amelonado, and Criollo-22) showed a clear separation between bulk and fine types. This result demonstrated the usefulness of chloroplast sequences in revealing phylogenetic relatedness. Based on comparative chloroplast genome analysis of two cacao genotypes, DR-1 and Sca-12, three insertion/deletion (InDel) markers named as Theca_indel01, Theca_indel02, and Theca_indel03 which designed from the regions of trnA-UGC-rrn23, trnK-UUU-rps16, and rps16 intron, respectively were successfully developed to reveal barcode system for cacao genetic discrimination. Overall, these findings would provide valuable insight into the chloroplast genome structure of cacao plant, as well as information about the benefits of chloroplast sequences for constructing phylogenetic relationships and developing DNA barcode markers.
Analysis of microbial diversity in Muscat Hamburg wine and Shine-Muscat wine
Authors: Shumin Yao , Mengqi Zhang , Mengqi Zhang , Qike Yu , Yuxi Liu
Published: May 2023

Different microbes in grapes lead to different flavors of wine. There are many kinds of wine grapes. In this article, the microorganisms in the wine made by the Muscat Hamburg grape and the Shine-Muscat grape are analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results indicate that there are 8 species of dominant bacteria phylum which are Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, Fusobacteria and Chloroflexi , and 13 species of dominant bacteria genus in Muscat Hamburg wine. There are 7 species of dominant bacteria phylum which are Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria、Epsilonbacteraeota、Fusobacteria and 14 species of dominant bacteria genus in Shine-Muscat wine. The dominant fungi phylum of the two varieties of wine are Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. There are 2 species of dominant fungi genus in Muscat Hamburg wine and 9 species of dominant fungi genus in Shine-Muscat wine. At the genus level, bacteria are more abundant than fungi in the dominant genera of microorganisms in these two varieties of wine, and the diversity at the genus level was higher than that at the phylum level.
The impact of risk perception and information acquisition on meteorological adaptive behavior of large grain farmers
Authors: Lingjuan Zhu , Yingshu Cai , Yulong He , Jichao Huang
Published: May 2023

Based on the survey data of 414 large grain farmers in 11 counties and cities in Poyang Lake District of Jiangxi Province, this paper used structural equation modelling (SEM) and hierarchical regression method to explore the relationship between risk perception, information acquisition, human capital and meteorological disaster adaptive behaviour of large grain farmers. This paper focuses on the mediating role of information acquisition in risk perception and adaptive behaviour and the moderating role of human capital in information acquisition and adaptive behaviour. The results show that the risk perception of large grain farmers has a significant positive effect on their information acquisition and adaptive behaviour. Information acquisition

ability of large grain farmers has a significant positive effect on their adaptive behaviour, and there exists a mediating effect between risk perception and adaptive behaviour; the human capital of large grain farmers does not play a moderating role in the impact of risk perception on information acquisition, yet has a significant positive moderating effect on the impact of information acquisition on adaptive behaviour. The results reveal the mechanism of meteorological disaster adaptive behaviour of large grain farmers and its influencing factors, which can be used as a reference for the government to make relevant policies.
Correlations of flavonoids content and antioxidant activity in bee honey from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Tahirovića Ismet , Kurtagić Harun , Smječanin Narcisa
Published: May 2023

In this study, it was performed identification and quantification of flavonoids (apigenin, chrysin, hesperetin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, and quercetin) and flavonoid glycosides (rutin and vitexin) in total 49 samples of five different honey types from Bosnia and Herzegovina: meadow honey (MH, 22 samples), forest (FH, 10), acacia (AH, 7), chestnut (CH, 5), and heather honey (HH, 5). Additionally, evaluation of correlations between FC and total hydrophilic antioxidant score (antioxidant activity against both: ROO· + OH·) in supernatants (s) and in bulk (noncentrifuged) solution (b) of these honey types was performed. Moreover, correlations between flavonoids content (FC) and previously reported antioxidant activity against both peroxyl and hydroxyl free radicals (AC(ROO·) and AC(OH·)) for the same honey samples was examined. High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and isocratic elution mode was used as method of analysis. Flavonoids were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE). The average contents of three flavonoids (chrysin, naringenin, and luteolin) in MH were statistically higher than in AH (p**<0.01). Also, the average content of naringenin in FH was statistically higher than in CH (p*<0.05). We observed a high (positive) linear correlation between FC and AC(ROO·) in s of four honey types (FH, AH, HH, CH) (R2=0.920). If we correlate FC and AC(ROO·)s of three honey types (FH, AH, HH), linearity is very high (R2=0.968), and for FH, AH, CH linearity is complete. The correlation between FC and AC(ROO·) in b of the same honey types is similar, but lower. The correlation does not exist between FC and AC(OH·) neither in s nor in b of five or four honey types, but for FC to both (AC(OH·)s and AC(OH·)b) of three honey types (FH, AH, CH), linearity is moderate (R2=0.732 and R2=0.696, respectively).
Keywords: antioxidant activity, correlations, flavonoids, honey, HPLC-DAD.
Optimizing efficacy of turnip growth through foliar application of glutamic acid under saline conditions
Authors: Awais Ghani Muhammad , Mehran Abbas Muhammad , Ali Basharat , Iqbal Qumer , Iqbal Javed , Ziaf Khurram
Published: May 2023

Salinity is assumed to be a distressing abiotic factor that mainly disrupts crop quality and yield by impairing plant cell mechanisms. Due to ion accumulation, salinity stress results in lowering growth rate and water uptake. This issue is being solved by the use of several plant growth regulators. Plant growth regulators have been proven to increase plants' ability to withstand against stress. In this study, turnip (purple top cultivar) was subjected to four distinct levels of salt (0, 4, 8, and 12 dS/m), as well as one level of gibberellic acid, in order to assess the function of exogenously applied plant growth regulator glutamic acid (GA) (10 mM). Results revealed that salt stress slowed plant growth and decreased the amount of chlorophyll in turnip leaves. Application of salt alone resulted in a considerable decline in biochemical characteristics. However, in salt-stressed conditions, exogenous application of GA improved the antioxidant activity, chlorophyll contents and plant growth in the turnip leaves. Moreover, results depict that under salt stress vitamin C decreased; however, exogenous application of GA enhanced the Vit. C in turnip plants. Further, the uptake of salt content in turnip roots and leaves was significantly lowered by the application of GA. Additionally, under salt stress; GA dramatically controlled the quantity of phenolic compounds in turnip.

Keywords: Brassica rapa, Salinity, Glutamic acid, Morphological and biochemical assay, Reducing and non-reducing sugar
Optimization of cotton irrigation management for different climatic conditions using the CROPGRO-Cotton model
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhou Bao-Ping , Tan Zi-Ya
Published: May 2023

To study the feasibility of CROPGRO_cotton model in the optimization of cotton irrigation management under different climatic conditions, the empirical values corresponding to 25%, 50% and 75% of the empirical frequencies of precipitation were obtained by ranking the frequency fitness line of precipitation data during 20 years of cotton fertility at the experimental site, and then the years corresponding to three empirical frequencies were selected as typical years: 2015 (abundant water year), 2001 (flat water year), and 2006 (dry water year). By combining cotton fertility stages, irrigation frequency and irrigation amount, 21 irrigation regimes (T1~T21) were identified and simulated using the calibrated DSSAT model for cotton irrigation regimes under the three precipitation year types, and the results showed that under the best combination of irrigation usage, yield and water utilization, 2015 (abundant water year), 2001 (flat water year), and T20 irrigation management should be selected in 2006 (dry water year).Under the three typical years, the effect of temperature change on cotton yield and water utilization was investigated, and it was found that the increase of temperature would reduce cotton yield and water utilization, but a reasonable irrigation management would reduce the negative effect of climate change on cotton yield and water utilization,According to the simulation results under different situations, T20 irrigation management can minimize the yield variation range under temperature change, and has a high water utilization rate, which has good applicability.
Keywords: Cotton; DSSAT model; Irrigation management; Typical years; Applicability
Hierarchical Cellulose Superinsulation Membrane
Authors: Luigi Massimigliano Di , Fu Yu , Li Zheng , Armstrong Jason N. , Yao Fei , Ren Shenqiang
Published: May 2023

The environment‐friendly components coupled with the ability to mimic the simplicity and originality of nature necessitate advanced sustainable materials with structural capabilities for energy‐efficient applications. The use of feedstock deriving from plant‐based, renewable organic material to produce nanofibril that embodies enhanced insulating properties and high mechanical strength constitutes an efficient development strategy. Herein, a free‐standing, hierarchical superinsulation membrane by leveraging the principle of the bottom‐up method is reported. The electrospun cellulose nanofibrils/aerogel‐based core layer provides exceptional thermal properties with its thermal conductivity of 10.2 mW m−1K−1. The lightweight, flexible, and durable paper‐like membrane features a tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and a bending rigidity in the order of 4.6 cN mm−1. The hydrophobic superinsulation membrane material also exhibits a ΔT of ≈25 °C under continuous sunlight illumination and allows thermal runaway mitigation of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. All the aforementioned properties position this hybrid superinsulation membrane as a promising material for energy‐saving thermal management applications.
The Modeling of Magnetorheological Elastomers: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Saber Amin , Sedaghati Ramin
Published: May 2023

The magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are novel multifunctional materials wherein their viscoelastic properties can be varied instantly under an application of applied magnetic field. Due to their field‐dependent stiffness and damping properties, MREs are widely used in the development and design of MRE‐based adaptive vibration isolators and absorbers and also biomedical engineering. Moreover, MREs due to their inherent magnetostriction effect have enormous potential for the development of soft actuators. The dynamic behavior of MREs is affected by various material parameters (e.g., matrix and particle types, particle concentration, additives) as well as mechanical and magnetic loading parameters (e.g., frequency, amplitude, temperature, magnetic flux density). Understanding and predicting the effect of materials and loading parameters on the response behavior of MREs are of paramount importance for the design of MRE‐based adaptive structures and systems. This review paper mainly aims to provide a comprehensive study of material constitutive models to predict the nonlinear magnetomechanical behavior of MREs. Particular emphasis is paid to physics‐based models including continuum‐ and microstructure‐based models. Moreover, phenomenological models describing the dynamic magnetoviscoelastic behavior of MREs as well as the effect of temperature on the magnetomechanical behavior of such materials are properly addressed.
Constructing Nanocaged Enzymes for Synergistic Catalysis of CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jia Zhichao , Dang Jianan , Wen Guobin , Zhang Yanxing , Chen Zhongwei , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin
Published: May 2023

Promoting the activity of biological enzymes under in vitro environment is a promising technique for bioelectrocatalytic reactions, such as the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals, which is a promising strategy to address the environmental issue of CO2 in the atmosphere; however, this technique remains challenging. Herein, a nanocage structure for enzyme confinement is synthesized to enable the in situ encapsulation of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) in a porous metal–organic framework, which acts as a coenzyme and boosts the hybrid synergistic catalysis using enzymes. This study reveals that the synthesized FDH@ZIF‐8 nanocage‐structured hybrid (CSH) catalyst exhibits an improved catalytic ability of the enzymes and increases the hydrophobicity of the electrode and its affinity to CO2. Thus, CSH can trap CO2 and control its microenvironments. The CSH catalyst boosts the conversion rate of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH) to 28 times higher than that when using pure FDH. The in situ attenuated total reflectance surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) spectra indicates that OCHO* is the key intermediate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that CSH has extremely low overpotential and is particularly effective for producing formate. This protection architecture for enzymes considerably promotes their biological application under in vitro environments.
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy reduces postpartum fat mass in adolescents: A randomized trial
Authors: Rached Verônica , Diogenes Maria Eduarda Leão , Donangelo Carmen Marino , Bezerra Flávia Fioruci
Published: May 2023

Background

Pregnancy during adolescence may increase the risk of overweight/obesity. There is evidence that increasing calcium intake, alone or vitamin D‐combined, may favor loss of weight and/or fat mass.

Objectives

We hypothesized that calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduces excessive fat accumulation during postpartum period. We aimed to investigate the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on body composition measurements throughout 1 year postpartum in Brazilian adolescents with habitually low calcium intake (~600 mg/day).

Methods

Adolescents (14–19 years) were randomly assigned to receive a daily supplement (600 mg of calcium plus 200 UI of cholecalciferol, n = 30) or a placebo (n = 26) from 26 weeks of gestation until parturition. Body composition was determined at 5, 20, and 56 weeks postpartum by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. The effects of intervention group, time point, as well as their interaction were assessed using repeated measures mixed‐effects models.

Results

In the adjusted analysis, those supplemented showed lower total body mass [mean difference = −3.32 kg; confidence interval (CI) 95% −6.12 to −0.52 kg], trunk (−1.25 kg; CI 95% −2.34 to −0.15 kg), android (−0.29 kg; CI 95% −0.53 to −0.04 kg) and subcutaneous (−0.23 kg; CI 95% −0.43 to −0.03 kg) fat masses. In the supplemented group, BMI and postpartum weight retention significantly decreased from 5 to 20 weeks (−0.90 kg/m2 and −1.76 kg, respectively; p < .05). At 56 weeks, BMI was still lower (−1.22 kg/m2; p < .05) than 5 weeks.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that increasing calcium intake through supplementation in combination with vitamin D contributes to a more pronounced reduction in total body mass overtime, mostly as a consequence of fat mass reductions in central body regions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01732328.