bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bartonella type IV secretion effector BepC induces stress fiber formation through activation of GEF-H1
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Zhang Haoran , Fu Jiaqi , Wang Meng , Cai Yuhao , Ding Tianyun , Jiang Jiezhang , Koehler Jane E. , Liu Xiaoyun , Yuan Congli
Published: January 2021

BartonellaT4SS effector BepC was reported to mediate internalization of bigBartonellaaggregates into host cells by modulating F-actin polymerization. After that, BepC was indicated to induce host cell fragmentation, an interesting cell phenotype that is characterized by failure of rear-end retraction during cell migration, and subsequent dragging and fragmentation of cells. Here, we found that expression of BepC resulted in significant stress fiber formation and contractile cell morphology, which depended on combination of the N-terminus FIC (filamentationinduced byc-AMP) domain and C-terminus BID (Bartonellaintracellulardelivery) domain of BepC. The FIC domain played a key role in BepC-induced stress fiber formation and cell fragmentation because deletion of FIC signature motif or mutation of two conserved amino acid residues abolished BepC-induced cell fragmentation. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of BepC with GEF-H1 (a microtubule-associated RhoA guanosine exchange factor), and siRNA-mediated depletion of GEF-H1 prevented BepC-induced stress fiber formation. Interaction with BepC caused the dissociation of GEF-H1 from microtubules and activation of RhoA to induce formation of stress fibers. The ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) inhibitor Y27632 completely blocked BepC effects on stress fiber formation and cell contractility. Moreover, stress fiber formation by BepC increased the stability of focal adhesions, which consequently impeded rear-edge detachment. Overall, our study revealed that BepC-induced stress fiber formation was achieved through the GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Strain-specific genome evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease
Authors: Wang Wei , Peng Duo , Baptista Rodrigo P. , Li Yiran , Kissinger Jessica C. , Tarleton Rick L.
Published: January 2021

The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi almost invariably establishes life-long infections in humans and other mammals, despite the development of potent host immune responses that constrain parasite numbers. The consistent, decades-long persistence of T. cruzi in human hosts arises at least in part from the remarkable level of genetic diversity in multiple families of genes encoding the primary target antigens of anti-parasite immune responses. However, the highly repetitive nature of the genome–largely a result of these same extensive families of genes–have prevented a full understanding of the extent of gene diversity and its maintenance in T. cruzi. In this study, we have combined long-read sequencing and proximity ligation mapping to generate very high-quality assemblies of two T. cruzi strains representing the apparent ancestral lineages of the species. These assemblies reveal not only the full repertoire of the members of large gene families in the two strains, demonstrating extreme diversity within and between isolates, but also provide evidence of the processes that generate and maintain that diversity, including extensive gene amplification, dispersion of copies throughout the genome and diversification via recombination and in situ mutations. Gene amplification events also yield significant copy number variations in a substantial number of genes presumably not required for or involved in immune evasion, thus forming a second level of strain-dependent variation in this species. The extreme genome flexibility evident in T. cruzi also appears to create unique challenges with respect to preserving core genome functions and gene expression that sets this species apart from related kinetoplastids.
Hematopoietic cell-mediated dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus is regulated by NK cells and immune evasion
Authors: Zhang Shunchuan , Springer Lauren E. , Rao Han-Zhi , Espinosa Trethewy Renee G. , Bishop Lindsey M. , Hancock Meaghan H. , Grey Finn , Snyder Christopher M.
Published: January 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes clinically important diseases in immune compromised and immune immature individuals. Based largely on work in the mouse model of murine (M)CMV, there is a consensus that myeloid cells are important for disseminating CMV from the site of infection. In theory, such dissemination should expose CMV to cell-mediated immunity and thus necessitate evasion of T cells and NK cells. However, this hypothesis remains untested. We constructed a recombinant MCMV encoding target sites for the hematopoietic specific miRNA miR-142-3p in the essential viral gene IE3. This virus disseminated poorly to the salivary gland following intranasal or footpad infections but not following intraperitoneal infection in C57BL/6 mice, demonstrating that dissemination by hematopoietic cells is essential for specific routes of infection. Remarkably, depletion of NK cells or T cells restored dissemination of this virus in C57BL/6 mice after intranasal infection, while dissemination occurred normally in BALB/c mice, which lack strong NK cell control of MCMV. These data show that cell-mediated immunity is responsible for restricting MCMV to hematopoietic cell-mediated dissemination. Infected hematopoietic cells avoided cell-mediated immunity via three immune evasion genes that modulate class I MHC and NKG2D ligands (m04, m06 and m152). MCMV lacking these 3 genes spread poorly to the salivary gland unless NK cells were depleted, but also failed to replicate persistently in either the nasal mucosa or salivary gland unless CD8+T cells were depleted. Surprisingly, CD8+T cells primed after intranasal infection required CD4+T cell help to expand and become functional. Together, our data suggest that MCMV can use both hematopoietic cell-dependent and -independent means of dissemination after intranasal infection and that cell mediated immune responses restrict dissemination to infected hematopoietic cells, which are protected from NK cells during dissemination by viral immune evasion. In contrast, viral replication within mucosal tissues depends on evasion of T cells.
Making HUGs: Crafting well-being benefits through social manufacturing
Authors: Taylor Aidan , Treadaway Cathy , Fennell Jac , Davies Menai Sian
Published: January 2021

New approaches to manufacturing that engage groups of individuals in collaborative making have the potential not only to generate economic benefit, but also to enhance the well-being of those involved. This article describes a small investigation into the well-being benefits expressed by a group of women who participated in a textile-based social manufacturing project in their local community. Outcomes include a small run of textile products and delivery of training for participants in small batch textile production. The purpose of the project – to manufacture a small batch of soft textile objects to be used in dementia care – is described. A small study is presented that utilizes data collected during this project. It evidences how social manufacturing can extend creative and social skills of participants, build resilience and enhance well-being. The participants in the study include a ‘self-reliant group’ of aspiring entrepreneurs from an economically deprived community and a university team comprising researchers, industry specialists and textile experts. Grounded practical theory and qualitative research methods inform the study. Data gathered using semi-structured video-recorded interviews and simple questionnaires is presented. Findings reveal individual and community benefits to participants from engaging in the project, including self-reported improvements in mental health and increased confidence. The study also reveals ways in which social manufacturing has the potential to build community cohesion and reduce social isolation. This work contributes to research concerning new types of sustainable manufacturing models. It presents an alternative to industrial manufacturing within socially disadvantaged communities and reveals ways in which social manufacturing has the potential to enhance individual and community well-being.
The ‘Teal Quilt Project’: Understanding a community participatory textile making project as a site of research
Authors: MacDowell Marsha
Published: January 2021

The ‘Teal Quilt Project’ (TQP) offers an opportunity to understand participatory textile making activity as a site of research. It also provides insights into how research projects are instigated, sometimes because of unexpected opportunities that arise out of unanticipated circumstances, experiences or bodies of work. In this article, I will present the course of the TQP itself, how the related research was simultaneously constructed, some of our initial findings and plans for future research.
Presencia e interacción de los candidatos a la presidencia del Gobierno de España en las principales redes sociales durante la campaña electoral de noviembre de 2019
Authors: Bustos Díaz Javier , Ruiz del Olmo Franciso Javier
Published: January 2021

La comunicación política de los candidatos electorales en las redes sociales de forma autónoma o en coordinación con la comunicación del partido, resulta cada vez más definitoria en los resultados de los procesos electorales. El presente trabajo analiza esa presencia de los candidatos a la presidencia del Gobierno de España en Twitter y Facebook durante la campaña electoral previa a las pasadas elecciones del 10 de noviembre de 2019. Busca valorar y comprender cómo en un contexto político de bloqueo, resulta necesario estudiar la importancia de las interacciones del candidato; así este texto se centra en el análisis de los perfiles en estas redes sociales de los candidatos. Utilizando una metodología cuantitativa y mediante el empleo de herramientas como Fanpage Karma y Social Analytics, este estudio lleva a cabo un análisis de caso comparado de los candidatos de los principales partidos en redes. Los resultados nos permiten conocer cómo los líderes políticos españoles emplean las redes sociales, al mismo tiempo se muestra y analiza la relación entre la interacción del candidato y sus resultados electorales.
Nuevas miradas de los presupuestos participativos: los resultados de la participación desde la perspectiva política y técnica
Authors: González Salcedo Antonia , Soler Contreras Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Durante esta década la realización de experiencias de presupuestos participativos se ha visto consolidada en España, con un avance progresivo de las redes de investigación y la literatura al respecto, y con la necesidad creciente de contar con evaluaciones de tales experiencias que permitan progresar en el conocimiento de las mismas. El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir al análisis de los efectos que este mecanismo puede provocar en el personal técnico y político implicado. Consideramos que se trata de un enfoque necesario, ya que son muy escasos los estudios existentes al respecto, siendo más habituales las investigaciones sobre los impactos en la ciudadanía participante. En este trabajo se han analizado concretamente los indicadores para las dimensiones de resultados sobre políticas, resultados sobre relación con la ciudadanía y aprendizajes. Los efectos son analizados desde el punto de vista de la información cualitativa que se ha recogido a partir de la técnica de la entrevista semiestructurada.
¿Cuál es el propósito de la videovigilancia? Lecciones de la experiencia francesa
Authors: Mucchielli Laurent
Published: January 2021

Desde 2007, la doctrina oficial del Ministerio del Interior de Francia no ha dejado de afirmar que la videovigilancia es un instrumento de prevención, disuasión y esclarecimiento de los actos delictivos. Este artículo se propone evaluar la eficacia de la videovigilancia en vista de esta promesa. El trabajo se basa en una investigación de largo plazo (2012-2017) realizada en tres ciudades (una pequeña, una mediana y una muy grande) del sur de Francia, y se funda en una metodología tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa. Los resultados de esta investigación ponen de relieve la gran debilidad de la videovigilancia en su contribución a la lucha contra la delincuencia, tanto en términos del esclarecimiento a posteriori de las infracciones como de detección “en directo” por parte de los operadores que monitorean las imágenes. A su vez, la investigación muestra cómo y por qué estos dispositivos tecnológicos se desvían gradualmente hacia otros usos que son más rentables pero que se encubren en parte porque son menos aceptables socialmente.
¿Quién tiene derecho a recordar? Las disputas por la memoria durante los gobiernos kirchneristas (Argentina, 2003-2015)
Authors: Bale Cinthia
Published: January 2021

El artículo se propone abordar las principales disputas que tuvieron lugar en Argentina frente al involucramiento del Estado en la formulación de “políticas de memoria” durante los gobiernos de Néstor Kirchner y Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2003-2015). Para ello, nos detendremos en las discusiones que tuvieron lugar en el Congreso Nacional en ocasión de la construcción de un Museo en el ex Centro Clandestino de Detención ESMA. Analizaremos las principales críticas formuladas por la oposición partidaria en clave de “ilegitimidad”, “apropiación” y “banalización” de la memoria. La reconstrucción de estos argumentos y las respuestas esgrimidas por el oficialismo nos permitirán dar cuenta de los términos en que se desarrolló la disputa política por el pasado e introducir algunas consideraciones en torno del papel otorgado al “consenso” como modo de legitimación de la acción estatal en la materia.¿Who is entitled to remember? Memory conflicts during Kirchner and Fernández de Kirchner’s administrations in Argentina (2003-2015).The articleanalyses the main memory conflicts that took place in Argentina vis- à-vis the State involvement in memory politics during Néstor Kirchner and Fernández de Kirchner’s administrations (2003-2015).  To this effect, it examines some of the debates held in the national parliament concerning the construction of a museum at the ex- clandestine detention center ESMA. It goes over the main critiques made by the political opposition (expressed in terms of “illegitimacy”, “appropriation” and “trivialization of memories”) and the responses held by the government. Altogether, this analysis will show the way in which the political arena dealt with the past in contemporary Argentina and will allow us to introduce some consideration  Key words: Memory politics, Kirchnerism, State, ESMA
Projection of present and future daily and evening urban heat load patterns
Authors: Unger János , Skarbit Nóra , Gál Tamás
Published: January 2021

In this modeling study the recent and future daily and evening thermal climate of a Central-European city (Szeged, Hungary) was investigated in terms of heat load modification by applying MUKLIMO_3 model to project daily and evening climate indices. For surface parameterization the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme was used. The investigation encompassed three climatological time periods (1981–2010, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100) and two emission scenarios for future climate (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Our results show that highest index values appear in the city centre and stretch to the NW direction (LCZs 2, 3 and 8) and they decrease towards to the vegetated rural surfaces (mainly LCZ D). That is, the values depend on the zone types and there are more days towards to the densely built-up LCZs. Also, a general temporal change can be detected as the index patterns show the substantial increasing tendency for both indices towards the end of this century. This temporal change suggests a two-way conclusion: first, the increasing number of hot days means a strongly deteriorating change of unfavourable thermal conditions, and second, the change in the number of the evening index provides more opportunities for regeneration and leisure-time activities outdoors in the already thermally less stressful evening hours for the urban inhabitants. This study gives very illustrative examples on the expected climate changes during this century and these examples show that there are several sides to these changes in urban environments. Furthermore, they clearly prove that global or regional scale climate predictions without urban climate interactions do not have enough detailed information.
Model development for the estimation of urban air temperature based on surface temperature and NDVI
Authors: Guo Y , Gál Tamás , Tian Guohang , Unger János
Published: January 2021

Predictive models for urban air temperature (Tair) were developed by using urban land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Landsat-8 and MODIS data, NDVI retrieved from Landsat-8 data and Tair measured by 24 climatological stations in Szeged. The investigation focused on summer period (June−September) during 2016−2019 in Szeged. The relationship between Tair and LST was analyzed by calculating Pearson correlation coefficient, root-mean-square error and mean-absolute error using the data of 2017−2019, then unary (LST) and binary (LST and NDVI) linear regression models were developed for estimating Tair. The data in 2016 were used to validate the accuracy of the models. Correlation analysis indicated that there were strong correlations during the nighttime and relatively weaker ones during the daytime. The errors between Tair and LSTMODIS-Night was the smallest, followed by LSTMODIS-Day and LSTLandsat-8 respectively. The validation results showed that all models could perform well, especially during nighttime with an error of less than 1.5o. However, the addition of NDVI into the linear regression models did not significantly improve the accuracy of the models, and even had a negative effect. Finally, the influencing factors and temporal and spatial variability of the correlation between Tair and LST were analyzed. LSTLandsat-8 had a larger original error with Tair, but the regression model based on Landsat-8 had a stronger ability to reduce errors.
Modification of Waste Leather Trimming with in Situ Generated Silver Nanoparticles by One Step Method
Authors: Ashok Basa , Umamahesh Mallavarapu , Hariram Natarajan , Siengchin Suchart , Rajulu Anumakonda Varada
Published: January 2021

Waste leather trimming (WLT) was modified by in situ generation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs) by one step thermal assisted method. The modified WLT was analyzed by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD and TGA techniques and antibacterial analysis. The generated silver based nanoparticles had a mean size of 93 nm. The FTIR spectra revealed no major changes between WLT and modified WLT. The XRD studies indicated additional peaks in the diffractogram of modified WLT which belonged to AgNPs and Ag2ONPs. The unmodified WLT had four inflection temperatures at 89, 303, 454, and 785°C while these values for the modified WLT were 84, 211, 305, and 328°C indicating a slight lowering of thermal stability due to the catalytic activity of the generated silver based nanoparticles. Further, the modified WLT formed the inhibition zones against E.coli, P.aeruinosa, S.aeureus and B.lichinomonas bacteria with diameters of 33, 36, 29, and 30 mm respectively. Hence, the modified WLT can be considered as filler for making low cost antibacterial biocomposites.
Garantías procedimentales convertidas en papel mojado: legalidad de los rechazos en frontera a la luz del convenio europeo derechos humanos
Authors: Gil Blanco-Rajoy Juan Jonás de
Published: January 2021

Los Estados europeos del siglo XXI se enfrentan actualmente a un complejo reto de gestión de flujos migratorios, en muchas ocasiones de carácter mixto, que exige conciliar el respeto por los derechos humanos con la necesidad de mantener la seguridad y controlar la inmigración irregular. Ante esta coyuntura, España, en tanto que frontera sur de la Unión Europea con África, ha adoptado diversos acuerdos y prácticas, incluyendo lo que popularmente se conocen como “devoluciones en caliente”, cuyo encaje en la legalidad internacional parece suscitar cierto debate. Así, el presente artículo tiene por objeto estudiar el régimen legal interno que pretende dar cobertura legal a esta práctica, además de cuestionar su legalidad y desmontar la justificación proporcionada por el Gobierno español en este sentido. Asimismo, se analiza en qué medida estos rechazos en frontera suponen la contravención de ciertas normas y principios jurídico-internacionales que vinculan a España en tanto que miembro del Consejo de Europa. Además, se examina la justificación aportada por la Gran Sala del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en relación con los rechazos en frontera relativos al caso N. D. y N. T. contra España, así como su trascendencia jurídica. Finalmente, este artículo estudia las implicaciones derivadas de ciertas estrategias de externalización fronteriza respecto de los rechazos en frontera.
Fakülteme mektubum var!
Authors: Aktan Osman , Toraman Çetin , Aytuğ Koşan Ayşen Melek
Published: January 2021

Öğretmenin hizmet öncesi aldıkları eğitimlerin niteliği, öğretmenlerin mesleki yetkinliklerini belirlemede önemli bir etmendir. Bu araştırmanın amacı mesleğinin ilk beş yılı içerisinde olan öğretmenlerin fakültelerine yönelik düşüncelerini ve anlamlandırmalarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma nitel anlatı araştırması şeklinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ölçüt örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilen 25 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; eğitim fakültesindeki derslerin kuramsal ağırlıklı olduğu, fakültedeki öğrenim hayatının öğretmenlik becerilerini kazandırma açısından yetersiz olduğu, öğretmenlerin fakültede öğretmenlik hayatlarında işe yaramayan bilgiler edindikleri, bu nedenle öğretmenlik hayatlarında çok zorluk çektikleri belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, okul deneyimi/öğretmenlik uygulamasının süre olarak az olduğu ve uygulamaların verimsiz geçtiği, öğretmenlerin dezavantajlı öğrencilerin eğitimi, mülteci öğrencilerin eğitimi, okuldaki yöneticilik iş ve işlemlerine yönelik yetkinlikler, sınıf yönetimi becerileri, birleştirilmiş sınıf uygulamaları gibi konularda problemler yaşadıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmada fakültede öğretmenlere her çocuğun değerli olduğu ve sürekli ön planda tutulması gerektiği bilincinin kazandırıldığı, eğitim fakültelerinin halen görevde olan öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimine katkı sağlaması gerektiği, öğretmenlere ve eğitim fakültesi mezunlarına toplumda saygı duyulduğu belirlenmiştir.
Doğal çevrede yer temelli görsel sanat öğretimi
Authors: Sesigür Ayça , Edeer Şemsettin
Published: January 2021

Araştırmada, çocukların yer temelli görsel sanat uygulamalarında doğal çevre deneyimini sanatla ilişkilendirmesi ve estetik deneyime dâhil etmesi sağlanarak öğretim sürecinin iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu temel amaç̧ doğrultusunda çocukların doğa ve sanat ilişkisini kurmasının yer temelli öğretimle nasıl sağlanabileceği, bu öğretim sürecinde uygulama çalışmalarının nasıl yürüdüğü ve çocukların süreci nasıl değerlendirdiği alt sorularına yanıt aranmıştır. İşbirlikli eylem araştırması deseniyle yürütülen araştırmada odak katılımcılar 7-11 yaş aralığı temel ölçütünde yaz okuluna katılan 12 çocuk arasından maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemiyle seçilmiştir. Araştırmada gözlem, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme, araştırmacı ve katılımcı günlükleri, katılımcı çalışmaları ve ders video kayıtlarıyla toplanan veriler tümevarım analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmada, katılımcıların doğal çevrede keşifler ve doğal malzemelerle uygulamalar yaparak doğal nesne ve sanat elemanları arasında ilişki kurduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların doğadaki estetiği fark ettikleri, doğayla öznel bağ kurdukları, estetik deneyim aracılığıyla görsel tasarımlarında sanat- doğa ilişkisini kurduğu bulunmuştur. Katılımcılar öğrenme deneyimlerini merak, heyecan gibi duyguları harekete geçiren zorlu, eğlenceli zaman zaman korku ve yorgunluk hissettikleri bir süreç olarak değerlendirmiştir. Bununla birlikte katılımcıların sanat yapımının kalıcılığını, değerini sorguladığı ve estetik yargıda bulunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır
Close relationship belief and self-change as predictors of romantic relationship quality in university students
Authors: Tuzgöl Dost Meliha , Aras Serpil
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of university students’ relationship beliefs and self-change on the relationship quality of their romantic relationships. The sample was composed of 361 university students, 212 women (58%) and 149 men (41%), enrolled at different state universities in three metropolises and currently involved in a romantic relationship. The Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire, The Turkish Version of the Relational Self-Change Scale, Relationship Quality Scale, and Personal Information Form were used in the study. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. SPSS 23.0 packet programs were utilized in data analysis. According to the findings, of the factors of close relationship beliefs, “We must be completely open and honest with each other,” “We must do everything together,” “We must meet all needs of each other,” and “Romantic idealism” significantly predicted the social support subscale of relationship quality; “We must meet all needs of each other” significantly predicted the conflict subscale, and “We must do everything together,” “We must be able to change each other,” and “Romantic idealism” significantly predicted the depth subscale. Of the factors of self-change, self-expansion and self-contraction significantly predicted the social support subscale of romantic relationship quality while self-expansion, self-contraction and self-adulteration significantly predicted the conflict and the depth subscales.
Modeling and Analysis of the Dynamic Response of an Off-Grid Synchronous Generator Driven Micro Hydro Power System
Authors: Ali Waqas , Farooq Haroon , Rasool Akhtar , Sajjad Intisar Ali , Zhenhua Cui , Ning Lin
Published: January 2021

This paper models and analyses the dynamic response of a synchronous generator driven off-grid micro hydro power system using Simulink tool of MATLAB software. The results are assessed from various perspectives including regulation through no load to full load and overload scenarios under normal and abnormal operating conditions. The investigation under the normal conditions of no load, linearly changing load and full load divulges that the system operates in a satisfactory manner as generator voltage and frequency remain approximately constant at 1 pu. However, at full load generator voltage and frequency drop 3% and 0.5% respectively from its nominal values but remain within prescribed standard IEC limits. The results also expose that the abnormal conditions produced by abrupt changes in load, system faults and severe overload, cause the unwonted variations in the magnitude of generator parameters. Moreover, the study reveals that the system stability significantly enhances when the system is run at full load because the regulation time to fix the variations in the generator parameters; except input mechanical power; decreases, e.g. from 4.1 sec to 0.8 sec for generator voltage, with the increase in the loading from quarter to full load respectively at unity power factor. Further, it is also observed that the regulation time rises, e.g. from 0.8 sec to 1.3 sec for generator voltage, with the reduction in load power factor from unity to 0.8, respectively. Thus, proper protection, to cater for increased fault current at full load and power factor correction must be provided to improve the system stability and protection. Furthermore, it is also concluded that the over loading in any case should be strongly avoided in this type of system and it should never be allowed to exceed 20% of the full load value to avoid system failure
Atheism and discrimination in the face of contemporary changes in the world
Authors: Łopuszańska Urszula , Zacharska Adrianna , Gierszon Patrycja , Samardakiewicz Marzena
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to present the situation of atheists around the world in the face of political and cultural changes in the world due to the increase in religious radicalism, particularly Islamic one, migration and terrorism. The article is of an illustrative character and presents the review of English literature in the scope of the discussed subject matter. Furthermore, the results of the latest global reports on prevalence of atheism in the world and the phenomenon of discrimination against persons not identifying with any faith: atheists, humanists or freethinkers were presented. The results of the selected, recent studies on the social perception of atheists and the phenomena of discrimination against them were shown. Another raised issue was the new social movement called New Atheism widespread mainly in the countries of the Western culture that in the future can constitute a new social and political challenge. Conclusions: Between 2005 and 2012 the number of atheists increased by 3% and currently they constitute 13% of the population of the world, while the percentage of religious people decreased by 9%. Atheists like other minority groups are discriminated against and their situation is dependent on the country in which they live. However, the vast majority of countries in the world violates the rights of persons identifying themselves as atheists. Still, in some countries, the declaration of atheism is forbidden, and in 13 countries the death penalty can be imposed.
Zadania instytucji edukacji dla bezpieczeństwa na potrzeby bezpieczeństwa państwa
Authors: Martuszewska Jolanta
Published: January 2021

The desire to live a safe life is one of the most important human needs, while education is the basis of knowledge of the society as a whole. To ensure the safety of the individual and the security of the state, there is a need for stable cooperation between various security institutions. There are many safety education institutions that work for the needs of state security. These include the Education for Safety Bureau, the post of Education for Safety Inspector, the post of School Safety Coordinator, School Safety Clubs, etc. The aim of this paper is to describe the situation in education based on safety education teaching in the 21st century. Other objectives include indicating tasks and rational solutions in education on the basis of the principles introduced by scholars, such as J.A. Comenius, J. Locke, I. Kant, which remain valid to this day.
Proactivity versus self-efficacy in the process of developing a career by the youth
Authors: Myszka-Strychalska Lucyna
Published: January 2021

The contemporary labour market is characterised by broadly understood flexibility which conditions the uncertainty of the professional situation of a person participating therein. One of the factors increasing their chances to have a successful career are not only relevant competences, qualifications and proactive behaviours to the benefit of their own development, but also their trust in their own abilities. In this article it has been attempted to confirm the thesis on the existence of co-dependence between the individual’s proactivity and self-efficacy in the process of developing a professional career. To this end, a review of selected theoretical depictions on both, constructs and results of research explorations specifying mutual relations, was conducted. The observations made have both, theoretical and practical implications that are interesting in cognitive terms. The analysis thereof may prove to be especially important with regard to young people who are preparing to enter the labour market.
Szkolna kultura polityczna. Czym jest i jak ją badać?
Authors: Kamecka-Antczak Celina
Published: January 2021

The article is an attempt to create a new category in the study of the school, which is school political culture. Theoretical meta-analysis was used. In the first part, the author explains why she asks about school political culture. Based on the assumption that the school is an organisation, it justifies applying the tools of political culture to its study. The school as an organisation is a separate system of activity, with clearly defined goals, a specific division of labour among members of the school community and connectivity between elements with a certain degree of formalisation and hierarchy of power. A comparison of elements of the school’s organisation with the basic elements of the political system is presented. The second part introduces the criteria that the theory of political culture should meet to become a theory that can be applied in school space. A meta-analysis of selected concepts of political culture: Gabriel Almond, Vilfredo Pareto and Zbigniew Blok (based on the developed criteria) allowed the selection of a leading theory. The results of meta-analysis are the subject of the third part of the article. The initial adaptation of the selected theory leading to the school specificity is a contribution to further scientific work on the development of a research tool allowing the classification of school political culture: of individual students, as well as the one dominating in the group.
Evaluation of Rock Abrasiveness Based on a Digital Drilling Test
Authors: Wang Yujie , Cao Ruilang , She Lei , Zhao Yufei , Pi Jin
Published: January 2021

The accurate evaluation of rock abrasiveness is the basis for the cutting tool design of tunnel boring machines and efficient tunneling. However, the conventional test method is complicated and costly, and in situ measurement cannot be obtained easily. A new digital drilling test system was developed to assess rock abrasiveness in which drilling parameters, including the thrust on bit, rotational speed, torque, and drilling displacement, can be simultaneously collected. Based on the force analysis of the drill bit and the energy conservation law, the energy dissipation per unit volume of drilling or modified specific energy was proposed as an evaluation index, and the quantitative relationship between the index and rock abrasiveness was explored and verified. The results showed that the average difference rate between the Cerchar abrasiveness indexes obtained from the digital drilling test and Cerchar test was less than 15 %, thus proving the effectiveness and feasibility of this method for evaluating rock abrasiveness. The method is easy to implement and has few requirements for sample preparation. It can also be used for the in situ testing of rock abrasiveness in engineering sites.
Chile’s Constitutional Moment
Authors: Piscopo Jennifer M. , Siavelis Peter M.
Published: January 2021

In an October 2020 referendum, nearly 80 percent of Chileans voted to start a process to write a new constitution. A special assembly with equal representation of men and women will now attempt to replace the 1980 dictatorship-era constitution. Getting to this point was a major win for workers, students, leftists, feminists, Indigenous peoples, and the poor, all of whom were involved in leading 2019’s widespread protests over social and economic inequality. The demonstrations forced the conservative government to make the concession of holding the referendum. Chile now embarks on the fraught process of writing a new constitution that must satisfy diverse stakeholders while reforming political and economic systems that have preserved the legacy of the Pinochet dictatorship.
Stormwater Management: A Keystone for Sustainable Development
Authors: Hennessy Mary
Published: January 2021

Sustainable development is a major goal of the 21st century, and there are many ways to ensure that one generation’s lifestyle and consumption habits do not comprise those of a future generation. It can be overwhelming to look at the many ways sustainable development can be achieved. In this paper, I focus on sustainable stormwater management practices, called Best Management Practices (BMPs). There are many different types of BMPs, and in this paper, I look at explore several popular options. I also look through several policies that impact sustainable water management and look to possible policy solutions for the future.
Užsitęsusio gedulo po artimojo netekties rizikos veiksniai
Authors:   , Gegieckaitė Goda
Published: January 2021

Risk factors of prolonged grief after the loss of a loved one
НЕОБХІДНІ КРОКИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ В ПЕРІОД КОРОНАКРИЗИ ТА ПІСЛЯ ЇЇ ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ
Authors: ДАНИЛИШИН Богдан , СТЕПАНЮК Євген
Published: January 2021

Епідемія COVID-19 в Україні та світі зумовила вжиття державами безпрецедентних обмежувальних заходів з метою протидії поширенню вірусних захворювань і підтримки національних систем охорони здоров’я. Водночас запроваджені в Україні карантинні заходи, швидше, оголили та поглибили негативні тенденції в економіці, які спостерігаються з ІІ півріччя 2019 р. За дев’ять місяців 2020 р. падіння реального ВВП України становило 5,4%, а рівень споживчої інфляції протягом минулого року був нижче цільового діапазону НБУ, що свідчить про ознаки повноцінної стагнації у реальному секторі економіки.Ефективність функціонування інституту фінансового посередництва та механізму монетарної трансмісії в Україні залишається невисокою. Стагнація банківського кредитування триває третій рік поспіль, а застосовані НБУ заходи стимулювання економіки виявилися недостатньо продуктивними. Співвідношення між обсягом залучених банками депозитів та виданими кредитами з 2015 р. характеризується низхідним трендом.Ризик скорочення доходів державного бюджету України та підвищення вартості державних запозичень істотно ускладнює виконання державних програм з підтримки економіки. Відсутність достатнього простору для фінансування державних витрат за прийнятною вартістю ставить Україну в нерівні з країнами Центральної та Східної Європи умови в контексті подолання кризових явищ.З метою протидії кризі COVID-19 країни використовують поєднання державних фіскальних механізмів з монетарними і макропруденційними інструментами центральних банків. З огляду на ризик виникнення в Україні негативного циклу погіршення фінансового стану банківського та корпоративного секторів, обґрунтовано застосування комплексного підходу до вдосконалення державної економічної та фінансової політики, що дозволить отримати синергетичний ефект від здійснюваних заходів та забезпечити довгострокове стале зростання економіки України на базі ефективної кредитної підтримки банківської системи.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ЗВІТУВАННЯ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ ТА ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: ІСАНШИНА Галина
Published: January 2021

Високу актуальність проблематики звітування суб’єктів бізнесу і державного сектору в Україні та ЄС підтверджує той факт, що з 34 спікерів марафону IFRS Forum – 2020 «Через прозорість до сталого розвитку: нові реалії професії» майже кожен четвертий обрав її темою своєї доповіді. З огляду на це, досліджено основні проблемні аспекти звітування вітчизняних суб’єктів господарювання різних секторів економіки, його розвиток на тлі світової глобалізації.Проведено порівняння організації бухгалтерського обліку за інституціональними одиницями сектору загального державного управління. Систематизовано вимоги до складу звіту про управління та звіту керівництва в контексті чинної нормативно-правової бази. В останні роки в Європі набирає обертів Інтегрована звітність, яка повинна поєднати інформацію розрізнених звітів з метою можливості її порівняння за різними суб’єктами та періодами. Розглянуто склад добровільної річної звітності юридичних осіб у Європі та надано оцінку їх впливу на досягнення цілей сталого розвитку. Однією з найбільш чітких тенденцій за останні чотири роки було все частіше використання терміну «інтегрований звіт» та заяви про те, що звіти були підготовлені відповідно до Концептуальної основи IIRC.Розглянуто питання ускладнення міжнародних стандартів фінансової звітності й проведено аналіз стандартизації нефінансової звітності. Визначено, що реформа бухгалтерського обліку та звітності в бюджетних установах неможлива без упровадження системи бюджетної звітності на рівні об’єднаних територіальних громад, районів та областей паралельно з децентралізацією та широким використанням нефінансової звітності.
ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНА ВЛАСНІСТЬ – ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ХАУСТОВ Володимир
Published: January 2021

Соціально-економічний розвиток України в середньо- та довгостроковій перспективі неможливий без кардинального реформування сфери інтелектуальної власності як основи активізації інноваційних процесів. Узагальнення тенденцій та досвіду провідних країн світу щодо створення, захисту та комерціалізації об’єктів права інтелектуальної власності дозволило виявити сильні та слабкі позиції України. Так, Україна перебуває в групі країн-лідерів за узагальненим індикатором активності щодо подання заявок на об’єкти промислової власності за країнами походження, має високі позиції відповідних індикаторів Глобального індексу інновацій за 2020 р. Вітчизняні винахідники зберігають потенціал щодо створення об’єктів права інтелектуальної власності переважно задля захисту на внутрішньому ринку: кількість подання заявок у рамках системи Договору про патентну кооперацію не перевищує 200, що у 320 разів менше, ніж у винахідників Китаю. Проте валові витрати на НДДКР у ВВП є нижчими, ніж у провідних країнах світу, у 6–10 разів.Про низький рівень національної системи захисту інтелектуальної власності свідчить перебування України під наглядом Управління торгового представника США та у Списку пріоритетного спостереження ЄС, який включає країни з найбільш серйозними проблемами у сфері захисту інтелектуальної власності. Для України важливим є досвід ЄС і США в контексті реформування системи захисту прав інтелектуальної власності на внутрішньому та зовнішніх ринках, у тому числі щодо контрафакції, фальсифікації, піратства й плагіату. Про потенціал комерціалізації інтелектуальної власності свідчать високі позиції за відповідними індикаторами Глобального індексу інновацій, зокрема щодо експорту та імпорту об’єктів права інтелектуальної власності.Основу інноваційної політики України доцільно формувати з використанням сучасного методологічного підходу на основі попиту, зокрема, щодо державних закупівель, оновлення регуляторного середовища, підтримки приватного попиту тощо. Такий підхід сприятиме комерціалізації результатів НДДКР та об’єктів права інтелектуальної власності.
НАУКОВА СПАДЩИНА А.К. ПОКРИТАНА У СВІТЛІ СУЧАСНИХ ПРОБЛЕМ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ТЕОРІЇ
Authors: ЗВЄРЯКОВ Михайло
Published: January 2021

Розкрито найважливіші аспекти наукової спадщини видатного вітчизняного вченого-економіста Анатолія Карповича Покритана. Показано, що наукові розробки А.К. Покритана і представників його школи зробили важливий внесок у методологію економічної теорії. Обґрунтовано, що дослідження вченим проблем власності, теорії суспільного відтворення, методологічних проблем економічної теорії є затребуваними сьогодні при дослідженні проблем української економіки і світової економічної системи.Згідно з поглядами А.К. Покритана, у процесі наукового дослідження не можна вивчити структуру економічної системи, не враховуючи її генезис, і навпаки, дослідження генезису можливе лише на основі знання її структури. Генезис і структура виробничих відносин тісно переплітаються з єдністю історичного і логічного в економічній теорії. Показано, що поєднання логічної та історичної форм пізнання дозволило А.К. Покритану в умовах незалежної України дати не тільки об'єктивну оцінку минулій господарській системі, а й осмислити природу ринкових реформ у національній економіці та визначити ті проблеми, вирішення яких дозволить подолати негативні тенденції, виниклі в процесі формування ринкової економіки. Обґрунтовано, що даний методологічний підхід дає можливість виокремити набагато складніший, ніж традиційний (лібералізація, приватизація), комплекс відносин трансформаційних систем.Показано, що наукову творчість А.К. Покритана вирізняють різноманіття досліджуваної тематики, глибина розробки методології та теорії політичної економії, а також залучення нових наукових проблем у сферу теоретичного аналізу. Наукові дослідження вченого є тим методологічним і теоретичним інструментарієм, який дозволяє вивчати природу сучасного розвитку національної економіки.
Early Motor Function of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lim Yi Huey , Licari Melissa , Spittle Alicia J. , Watkins Rochelle E. , Zwicker Jill G. , Downs Jenny , Finlay-Jones Amy
Published: January 2021

CONTEXT:

Early motor impairments have been reported in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), but it is not clear if early detection of motor impairments can identify children at risk for NDD or how early such impairments might be detected.

OBJECTIVE:

To characterize early motor function in children later diagnosed with NDD relative to typically developing children or normative data.

DATA SOURCES:

The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus electronic databases were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:

Eligible studies were required to include an examination of motor function in children (0–24 months) with later diagnosis of NDD by using standardized assessment tools.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data were extracted by 4 independent researchers. The quality of the studies was assessed by using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields checklist.

RESULTS:

Twenty-five studies were included in this review; in most of the studies, the authors examined children with later autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Early motor impairments were detected in children later diagnosed with ASD. The meta-analysis results indicated that differences in fine, gross, and generalized motor functions between the later ASD and typically developing groups increased with age. Motor function across different NDD groups was found to be mixed.

LIMITATIONS:

Results may not be applicable to children with different types of NDD not reported in this review.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early motor impairments are evident in children later diagnosed with ASD. More research is needed to ascertain the clinical utility of motor impairment detection as an early transdiagnostic marker of NDD risk.
UNDANG-UNDANG JINAYAT SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH ANTARA IMPLEMENTASI, ISU DAN TANTANGAN
Authors: Qotadah Hudzaifah Achmad , Achmad Adang Darmawan
Published: January 2021

Qanun Jinayat is a criminal law unit that applies to the people of Aceh which is formed based on Islamic sharia values. This study aims to answer the suitability of the Aceh Qanun position with the statutory system, both in terms of implementation, issues and challenges in its implementation. This research uses the juridical normative method with references to Law Number 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy, Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning Aceh Governance, and Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning the Law of the Law. The results of this study conclude that the Qanun Jinayat currently enforced in Aceh in its implementation there are challenges from both pro and contra communities, besides that there is also a growing issue that the application of Qanun Jinayat is contrary to the principles of statutory regulations and human rights.
GADAI PADA PEGADAIAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Setiawan Iwan
Published: January 2021

Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang konsep gadai (rahn) sebagai perjanjian penyerahan barang atau harta Anda sebagai jaminan berdasarkan hukum gadai berupa emas/perhiasan/kendaraan atau barang bergerak lainnya. Gadai dibenarkan baik secara syariat maupun menurut hukum positif. Namun dalam praktiknya ada beberapa praktik gadai yang belum sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah. Atas dasar itu, tulisan ini akan mengupas konsep dan teori gadai serta implementasinya dalam praktik gadai di pegadaian syariah.