bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Unsteady Aerodynamic Optimization of a Transonic Compressor Stage Using an Implicit Discrete Adjoint Harmonic Balance Method
Authors: Wu Hangkong , Wang Dingxi , Huang Xiuquan
Published: November 2024

The design of high-loading and compact modern turbomachines results in strong unsteady interactions between two adjacent blade rows, which has been found to have a noticeable impact on aerodynamic performances of turbomachines. Therefore, it is necessary to consider unsteady effects arising from blade row interactions in multirow turbomachinery aerodynamic analyses and design optimizations. In this work, three-dimensional multirow unsteady aerodynamic design optimizations of turbomachinery blades are performed using a full-viscosity discrete adjoint solver developed by using the source code transformation automatic differentiation tool—Tapenade. An efficient time domain harmonic balance (HB) method with a complete rotor–stator interface coupling treatment is used to analyze multirow unsteady flow and adjoint fields. To stabilize the solution, the one-step Jacobi iteration combined with the lower–upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS/one-step Jacobi) method is used for an implicit solution of the HB equation systems. For an efficient sensitivity evaluation, the effect of an adjoint solver’s root-mean-square (RMS) residual convergence levels on adjoint sensitivity accuracy is thoroughly studied to find an adjoint solver’s convergence criterion. The results from a single-stage transonic compressor-NASA Stage 35 reveal that when the adjoint RMS residual is reduced by three orders, accurate sensitivity information can be obtained, leading to a 41% reduction in computational cost compared with a fully converged one. The fully implicit LU-SGS/one-step Jacobi method can stabilize the solution of a multirow discrete adjoint solver while the solution of the semi-implicit LU-SGS equation system diverges quickly. Furthermore, compared with a steady one, the unsteady optimization can achieve more performance gains.
Identification of VISTA regulators in macrophages mediating cancer cell survival
Authors: Abdrabou Abdalla M. , Ahmed Sharif U. , Fan Mengqi Jonathan , Duong Bill T. V. , Chen Kangfu , Lo Pei-Ying , Mayes Julia M. , Esmaeili Fatemeh , GhavamiNejad Amin , Zargartalebi Hossein , Atwal Randy Singh , Lin Sichun , Angers Stephane , Kelley Shana O.
Published: November 2024

Numerous human cancers have exhibited the ability to elude immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. This type of resistance can be mediated by immune-suppressive macrophages that limit antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we elucidate a strategy to shift macrophages into a proinflammatory state that down-regulates V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) via inhibiting AhR and IRAK1. We used a high-throughput microfluidic platform combined with a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen to identify regulators of VISTA levels. Functional characterization showed that the knockdown of these hits diminished VISTA surface levels on macrophages and sustained an antitumor phenotype. Furthermore, targeting of both AhR and IRAK1 in mouse models overcame resistance to ICB treatment. Tumor immunophenotyping indicated that infiltration of cytotoxic CD8
+
cells, natural killer cells, and antitumor macrophages was substantially increased in treated mice. Collectively, AhR and IRAK1 are implicated as regulators of VISTA that coordinate a multifaceted barrier to antitumor immune responses.
The competing controls of glaciers, precipitation, and vegetation on high-mountain fluvial sediment yields
Authors: Li Dongfeng , Zhang Ting , Walling Desmond E. , Lane Stuart , Bookhagen Bodo , Tian Shang , Overeem Irina , Syvitski Jaia , Kettner Albert J. , Park Edward , Koppes Michèle , Schmitt Rafael J. P. , Sun Weiling , Ni Jinren , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: November 2024

Investigating erosion and river sediment yield in high-mountain areas is crucial for understanding landscape and biogeochemical responses to environmental change. We compile data on contemporary fluvial suspended sediment yield (SSY) and 12 environmental proxies from 151 rivers in High Mountain Asia surrounding the Tibetan Plateau. We demonstrate that glaciers exert a first-order control on fluvial SSYs, with high precipitation nonlinearly amplifying their role, especially in high–glacier cover basins. We find a bidirectional response to vegetation’s influence on SSY in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Tien Shan and identify that the two interacting factors of precipitation and vegetation cover explain 54% of the variability in SSY, reflecting the divergent roles of vegetation in promoting biogenic-weathering versus slope stabilization across bioclimatic zones. The competing interactions between glaciers, ecosystems, and climate in delivering suspended sediment have important implications for predicting carbon and nutrient exports and water quality in response to future climate change.
Sexually dimorphic differences in angiogenesis markers are associated with brain aging trajectories in humans
Authors: Torres-Espin Abel , Radabaugh Hannah L. , Treiman Scott , Fitzsimons Stephen S. , Harvey Danielle , Chou Austin , Lindbergh Cutter A. , Casaletto Kaitlin B. , Goldberger Lauren , Staffaroni Adam M. , Maillard Pauline , Miller Bruce L. , DeCarli Charles , Hinman Jason D. , Ferguson Adam R. , Kramer Joel H. , Elahi Fanny M.
Published: November 2024

Aberrant angiogenesis could contribute to the development of cognitive impairment and represent a therapeutic target for preventing dementia. However, most studies addressing angiogenesis and cognitive impairment focus on model organisms. To test the relevance of angiogenesis to human cognitive aging, we evaluated associations of circulating blood markers of angiogenesis with brain aging trajectories in a pooled two-center sample from deeply phenotyped longitudinal human cohorts (
n
= 435; female = 207, age = 74 ± 9) using cognitive assessments, biospecimens, structural brain imaging, and clinical data. Blood markers included ligands involved in angiogenesis and vascular function such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family (VEGFA, VEGFB, and VEGFC), and placental growth factor (PlGF), in addition to their receptors VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domain 2 (Tie2). Machine learning and traditional statistics revealed sexually dimorphic associations of plasma angiogenic growth factors with brain aging outcomes, including executive function and gray matter atrophy. Specifically, markers of angiogenesis were associated with higher executive function and less brain atrophy in younger women (not men), a directionality of association that reversed around age 75. Higher concentrations of bFGF, known for pleiotropic effects on multiple cell types, predicted favorable cognitive trajectories in both women and men. An independent sample from a multicenter dataset (MarkVCID;
n
= 80; female = 30, age = 73 ± 9) was used to externally validate these findings. In conclusion, this analysis demonstrates the association of angiogenesis to human brain aging, with potential therapeutic implications for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.
A wearable osmotic microneedle patch provides high-capacity sustained drug delivery in animal models
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Lu Ziyi , Cai Ruisi , Wang Hui , Gao Shukun , Yang Changwei , Zhang Ying , Luo Bowen , Zhang Wentao , Yang Yinxian , Wang Shenqiang , Sheng Tao , Wang Shiqi , You Jiahuan , Zhou Ruyi , Ji Huimin , Gong Haoning , Ye Xiao , Yu Jicheng , Zhu Hong-Hu , Zhang Yuqi , Gu Zhen
Published: November 2024

The maintenance of stable plasma drug concentrations within a therapeutic window can be critical for drug efficacy. Here, we developed a wearable osmotic microneedle (OMN) patch to support sustained drug dosing for at least 24 hours without the use of electronic components. The OMN patch uses an osmotic pressure driving force to deliver drug solution into the skin through three hollow microneedles with diameters of less than 200 micrometers. The rate of drug release was related to the composition and concentration of the osmogen and drug and to the physical properties of the semipermeable membrane separating the low- and high-solute compartments. The OMN patch released the peptide drug exenatide in rats and mice for 24 hours, whereas subcutaneous injection resulted in a burst release and rapid decline in the plasma drug concentration. OMN release of exenatide improved glycemic control in a diabetic mouse model consistent with a sustained effective plasma concentration of the drug. Continuous release of the small-molecule chemotherapeutic drug cytarabine reduced the progression of acute myeloid leukemia in mice more effectively than subcutaneous injection. Further evaluation of the OMN patch in canines demonstrated continuous dosing of cytarabine up to 225 milligrams for 24 hours, satisfying clinical requirements (150 to 300 milligrams daily). OMN patches were well tolerated in human participants with minimal pain or irritation of the skin and a stated preference over other administration routes. This wearable drug delivery system could provide a platform for stable high-dose drug release with convenience and safety.
Complete genome sequence of “
Candidatus
Dehalogenimonas loeffleri” strain W, a highly salt-tolerant chlorinated alkane-dechlorinating bacterium isolated from estuarine sediments
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Wang Xin , Huang Siqi , Yang Shujing , Liao Hengyi , Wang Xuhao , Jin Huijuan , Wang Jingjing , Li Xiuying , Yan Jun , Yang Yi
Published: November 2024

“Candidatus
Dehalogenimonas loeffleri” strain W, isolated from estuarine sediments, can dechlorinate 1,2-dichloroethane under high salinity. Its genome consists of a circular 1,772,240-bp chromosome with a G + C content of 52.5% and encompasses 1,763 protein-coding sequences, including 28 genes encoding reductive dehalogenases.
Supplemental Material: Flood basalt origin for Earth’s largest Paleoarchean banded iron formation
Authors: Wright Jordan K. , al. et
Published: November 2024

Methods, Figures S1–S7, and Tables S1–S4.  
A Multielement Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer as a Source of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Air
Authors: Asfandiyarov S. A. , Tsysar S. A. , Sapozhnikov O. A.
Published: November 2024

The acoustic and electrical properties of a 128-element ultrasonic transducer designed to generate high-intensity focused ultrasound in air in the low-frequency ultrasonic range are investigated. To reduce parasitic grating maxima of the acoustic field, a spiral arrangement of piezoelectric elements on a spherical base was used. The operating frequency of the transducer was 35.5 kHz, and the diameter of the source and focal length were approximately 50 cm, significantly exceeding the wavelength (approximately 1 cm). This selection of parameters allowed for effective focusing, with localization of wave energy in a small focal region, thereby achieving extremely high levels of ultrasonic intensity. The parameters of the ultrasonic field were studied using a combined approach that included microphone recording of the acoustic pressure and measuring the acoustic radiation force acting on a conical reflector. Acoustic source parameters were determined from the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the acoustic pressure waveform, which was measured by scanning the microphone in a transverse plane in front of the source. Numerical modeling of nonlinear wave propagation was also used based on the Westervelt equation to simulate the behavior of intense waves. The acoustic pressure level reached 173 dB, with a focal spot size comparable to the wavelength.
Semiautomated measures of foveal immaturity from handheld swept-source optical coherence tomography are associated with retinopathy of prematurity severity
Authors: Tam Emily K , Lee Karen E , Lawson Sumner E , Monger Tatiana R , Legocki Alex T , Kelly John P , Liu Teng , Zheng Yujiao , Ding Leona , Tarczy-Hornoch Kristina , Wang Ruikang , Cabrera Michelle T
Published: November 2024

Background/aims

Handheld swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was previously used to measure foveal maturity through semiautomated methods in awake premature infants. This study assesses the relationship between foveal maturity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) severity.

Methods

This is a prospective, observational study using handheld SS-OCT imaging of premature infants undergoing ROP screening. A semiautomated segmentation algorithm measured foveal angle, total retinal cross-sectional area, and retinal and choroid thicknesses at the fovea and parafovea, excluding significant macular oedema. Measures were correlated with ROP severity using a mixed model approach.

Results

99 eye imaging sessions from 26 preterm infants were included. Average birth weight was 1057.6±324.8 g. Gestational age and postmenstrual age at imaging were 29.1±3.0 and 36.1±3.8 weeks, respectively. Stage 3 ROP occurred in 16/99 (16.2%) exams. Shallow foveal angle and higher inner retinal fovea/parafoveal (F/P) ratio correlated with more posterior ROP zone (zone 2: 119.2°±20.9° vs zone 3: 96.5°±16.7° and zone 2: 0.6±0.2 vs zone 3: 0.4±0.1, respectively, both p<0.001). Inner retinal F/P ratio was greater in eyes with higher ROP stage (stage 3: 0.6±0.2 vs stage 0 or mature: 0.4±0.2, p=0.03) but this relationship was not seen for outer retina (p=0.29). Larger retinal cross-sectional area coincided with worse ROP stage (stage 3: 1.9±0.06 mm2vs stage 0 or mature: 1.6±0.04 mm2, p<0.001) and zone (zone 2: 1.6±0.04 mm2vs zone 3: 1.7±0.04 mm2, p=0.01).

Conclusions

SS-OCT semiautomated measurements of inner retinal F/P ratio, foveal angle and retinal cross-sectional area may serve as ROP severity biomarkers.
Impact of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy on in-hospital mortality: a retrospective multicentre cohort study of patients with bloodstream infections in Chile, 2018–2022
Authors: Allel Kasim , Peters Anne , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Spencer-Sandino Maria , Pitchforth Emma , Yakob Laith , Munita Jose M , Undurraga Eduardo A
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Empirical antibiotic therapy is essential for treating bloodstream infections (BSI), yet there is limited evidence from resource-limited settings. We quantified the association of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (IEAT) with in-hospital mortality and the associated burden on BSI patients in Chile.

Methods

We used a retrospective multicentre cohort study of BSI cases in three Chilean tertiary hospitals (2018–2022) to assess the impact of IEAT on 30-day and overall in-hospital mortality and quantify excess disease and economic burdens associated with IEAT. We determined the appropriateness of pathogen-antimicrobial pairings based on in vitro susceptibilities and pathogen-corresponding antibiotic treatment, allowing a 48-hour window after the initial blood culture. We addressed confounding using propensity scores and inverse probability weights (IPW). We used IPW-weighted logistic competing-risk survival models, including time-varying independent variables after blood tests as controls.

Results

Among 1323 BSI episodes, 432 (33%) received IEAT, with an average time to adequate therapy of 4.6 days. Compared with adequate treatment, IEAT was associated with 30-day and overall mortality risks that were 1.31 and 1.24 times higher, respectively. These risks were further inflated between twofold and fourfold when antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) was included. Competing-risk models showed associations between IEAT and IEAT-ARB combinations with in-hospital mortality. Accounting for time-varying variables yielded similar results. The economic burden of IEAT resulted in an additional cost of ~US$9900 from premature mortality and 0.46 disability-adjusted life-years per patient with BSI.

Conclusion

Approximately one in three patients received IEAT, often associated with ARB. IEAT was linked to increased mortality risk and higher economic costs. Timely appropriate treatment, early pathogen detection and resistance profiling are likely to improve health and financial outcomes at the population level.
Experiences of school health professionals in implementing structured assessments of sexual health and experiences of violence among youth in Sweden using the SEXual health Identification Tool (SEXIT): a qualitative sequential study
Authors: Håkansson Miranda , Söderström Sanny , Makenzius Marlene
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a global public health concern, particularly among adolescents. While school health services (SHS) play a crucial role in preventative care, professionals are inconsistent in addressing SRH issues. This study explored school health professionals’ (SHPs) experiences of an implementation of structured assessments of sexual health and experiences of violence among youth in Sweden using the SEXual health Identification Tool (SEXIT).

Methods

A qualitative sequential study was conducted from October 2023 to January 2024 to explore the experiences of 57 SHPs trained in the SEXIT method. Data collection included a questionnaire with open-ended questions, group discussions and individual interviews, analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Addressing sexual risk taking and violence was considered a priority to help youths make informed SRH choices. SEXIT aided SHPs in acting as educators to promote SRH and freedom from violence, normalised conversations about sensitive topics, facilitated the identification of students needing support, and could be integrated as a routine part of preventive work within SHS. However, hindering factors for effective implementation included a lack of supportive leadership and a unified approach among involved organisations to clarify roles, responsibilities and referral pathways. Furthermore, it is essential to further adapt SEXIT and train SHPs to meet the specific needs of vulnerable youths and perpetrators, ensuring equitable support.

Conclusions

SEXIT offers unique opportunities for SHPs to discuss SRH and violence with school youths, a priority part of their preventive work; however, it is not routinely used, underscoring the need for supportive leadership and a unified approach among organisations.
Sleep regularity and major adverse cardiovascular events: a device-based prospective study in 72 269 UK adults
Authors: Chaput Jean-Philippe , Biswas Raaj Kishore , Ahmadi Matthew , Cistulli Peter A , Rajaratnam Shantha M W , Bian Wenxin , St-Onge Marie-Pierre , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Background

This study examines the associations between device-measured sleep regularity and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and aims to determine whether sufficient sleep duration attenuates or eliminates the effects of irregular sleep on MACE risk.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of adults aged 40–79 years from the UK Biobank who wore wrist-attached accelerometers for 7 days was conducted. Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) scores were calculated for each participant using a validated algorithm, and categorised as irregular (SRI <71.6), moderately irregular (SRI between 71.6 and 87.3), and regular (SRI >87.3 (reference group)). Information on MACE and its subtypes (myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke) was obtained from inpatient hospitalisation and death records.

Results

We analysed data from 72 269 individuals followed for 8 years, without a previous history of MACE and without an event in the first year of follow-up. Irregular (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.37) and moderately irregular sleepers (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.70) were at higher risk of MACE compared with regular sleepers. Dose-response analyses treating SRI as a continuous measure showed that SRI was associated with MACE risk in a near-linear fashion, with a steeper MACE risk reduction at higher (better) SRI scores. Joint SRI and sleep duration analyses showed that meeting the age-specific sleep duration recommendation offsets MACE risk for moderately irregular sleepers (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.18), but not for irregular sleepers (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.35).

Conclusions

Irregular sleep was strongly associated with higher MACE risk. Adequate sleep duration was not sufficient to offset these adverse effects among irregular sleepers. This study supports the inclusion of sleep regularity in public health guidelines and clinical practice as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular risk and obesity impact loss of grey matter volume earlier in males than females
Authors: Nowell Joseph , Gentleman Steve , Edison Paul
Published: November 2024

Background

It remains imperative to discover the time course that cardiovascular risk factors influence neurodegeneration in males and females and decipher whether the apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype mediates this relationship. Here we perform a large-scale evaluation of the influence of cardiovascular risk and obesity on brain volume in males and females in different age groups.

Methods

34 425 participants between the ages of 45 and 82 years were recruited from the UK Biobank databasehttps://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk. T1-weighted structural MR images (n=34 425) were downloaded locally for all participants, and voxel-based morphometry was performed to characterise the volumetric changes of the whole brain. The influence of Framingham cardiovascular risk (general cardiovascular risk), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue volume (obesity) on cortical grey matter volume across different decades of life was evaluated with voxel-wise analysis.

Results

In males, cardiovascular risk and obesity demonstrated the greatest influence on lower grey matter volume between 55–64 years of age. Female participants showed the greatest effect on lower grey matter volume between 65–74 years of age. Associations remained significant in APOE ε4 carriers and APOE ε4 non-carriers when evaluated separately.

Conclusions

The strongest influence of cardiovascular risk and obesity on reduced brain volume was between 55–64 years of age in males, whereas women were most susceptible to the detrimental effects of cardiovascular risk a decade later between 65–74 years of age. Here we elucidate the timing that targeting cardiovascular risk factors and obesity should be implemented in males and females to prevent neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease development.
Some domination parameters in Cayley graphs of a commutative ring
Authors: Midhun S. , Pilakkat Raji
Published: November 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a group and [Formula: see text] be a set of group elements such that the identity element [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The Cayley graph [Formula: see text] associated with [Formula: see text] is an undirected graph with a vertex set equal to [Formula: see text] and two vertices [Formula: see text] are adjacent, whenever [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with unity. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the additive group and the set of all non-zero zero-divisors of [Formula: see text], respectively. The symbol [Formula: see text] denotes the Cayley graph [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] represents the unitary Cayley graph [Formula: see text]. In this study, the total domination number, perfect domination number and bondage number for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have been found. Moreover, we establish the relationship between the total domination number of [Formula: see text] and the number of prime ideals in [Formula: see text]. Additionally, we identify all finite commutative rings with unity [Formula: see text] where the perfect domination number of [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text].
Introduction to the Special Issue on Trustworthy Recommender Systems
Authors: Schedl Markus , Deldjoo Yashar , Castells Pablo , Yilmaz Emine
Published: November 2024

This editorial introduces the
Special Issue on Trustworthy Recommender Systems
, hosted by the
ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems
in 2024. We provide an overview on the multifaceted aspects of trustworthiness and point to recent regulations that underline the importance of the topic, also beyond technical perspectives. Subsequently, we present the nine articles constituting the special issue:
one survey
that reviews over 400 papers, categorizing them according to five trustworthiness dimensions, and
eight research articles
. We categorize and introduce the latter according to the major trustworthiness dimensions they address, specifically into
privacy/security
,
transparency/explainability
, and
bias/fairness
. We provide a summary of their main contributions and end with a brief personal statement about envisioned challenges ahead.
Controlling AI’s Growing Energy Needs
Authors: Ceurstemont Sandrine
Published: November 2024

The training of artificial intelligence requires what one expert called “Hoover Dams of power.”
Multimarked Spatial Search by Continuous-Time Quantum Walk
Authors: Lugão Pedro , Portugal Renato , Sabri Mohamed , Tanaka Hajime
Published: November 2024

The quantum-walk-based spatial search problem aims to find a marked vertex using a quantum walk on a graph with marked vertices. We describe a framework for determining the computational complexity of spatial search by continuous-time quantum walk on arbitrary graphs by providing a recipe for finding the optimal running time and the success probability of the algorithm. The quantum walk is driven by a Hamiltonian derived from the adjacency matrix of the graph modified by the presence of the marked vertices. The success of our framework depends on the knowledge of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix. The spectrum of the Hamiltonian is subsequently obtained from the roots of the determinant of a real symmetric matrix
M
, the dimensions of which depend on the number of marked vertices. The eigenvectors are determined from a basis of the kernel of
M
. We show each step of the framework by solving the spatial searching problem on the Johnson graphs with a fixed diameter and with two marked vertices. Our calculations show that the optimal running time is

\(O(\sqrt {N})\)

with an asymptotic probability of 1+
o
(1), where
N
is the number of vertices.
Characteristics of Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Cr-Doped ZnO Nanorods for NO Gas Sensing
Authors: Yang Kai-Lin , Ji Liang-Wen , Chu Yen-Lin , Hsiao Yu-Jen , Lin Ruei-Cheng , Chen Hung-Yeu
Published: November 2024

In this investigation, chromium-doped ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays were grown on ITO/PET substrates using a hydrothermal method. Subsequently, self-powered gas sensors based on piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) were fabricated and characterized. The chromium doping concentration in the ZnO NRs was estimated to be 0.26 at% measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, transmission electron microscope (TEM) results revealed that the as-grown ZnO NRs exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure. During the device fabrication process, the top electrode patterns were defined through laser engraving, and silver thin films were deposited on the ITO-PET substrates using the RF-sputtering technique. The piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) were composed of the silver top electrodes and the bottom of chromium-doped ZnO NRs. A specialized impacting system has been employed to drive the fabricated PENGs with a fixed frequency. By the doping concentration of 0.5 mM chromium nitrate, it can be found that the output voltages of the PENG were measured at 1.447 V and 2.323 V respectively, without and with introducing 100 ppm of nitric oxide (NO). Clearly, such a PENG device exhibits an excellent self-powered characteristic and demonstrates a good sensitivity to NO gas.
Preferential Neurogenesis of Nitrergic Neurons in the Myenteric Plexus of the DSS-induced Colitis Mouse Colon Causes Colonic Dysmotility in Colitis
Authors: Miyata Kana , Yamamoto Takeshi , Kato Ryo , Hayashi Shusaku , Kadowaki Makoto
Published: November 2024

The enteric nervous system (ENS) continues to be exposed to various disturbances throughout life, which causes apoptosis in the ENS. Therefore, it is assumed that neurogenesis is induced to maintain the neuronal network in the adult ENS. However, these underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate adult neurogenesis in the DSS-induced colitis mouse colon.

Methods: male C57BL/6N mice (12-week-old) were administered 2% DSS in their drinking water for 8 days. After DSS treatment, cross-sections and longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus preparations from the colon were used for immunohistochemistry. The segments of colons were mounted in organ baths and then exposed to a voltage-gated sodium channel activator veratridine.

Results: in the motility study, veratridine-induced colonic contractions were significantly suppressed in DSS-induced colitis mice compared to normal mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the proportion of nitrergic neurons per ganglion was significantly increased in the colons of DSS-induced colitis mice compared to normal mice. Furthermore, the proportion of Sox2 (new-born neuron marker)-positive neurons per ganglion was not significantly different between normal mice and DSS-induced colitis mice, whereas the proportion of Sox2-positive nitrergic neurons to Sox2-positive neurons per ganglion was significantly increased in the colons of DSS-induced colitis mice compared to normal mice. In addition, NOS inhibitor significantly enhanced veratridine-induced colonic contractions in DSS-induced colitis mice compared with normal mice.

Conclusions: these findings suggested that colitis caused an imbalance in the enteric neural circuit composed of excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the myenteric plexus of the colon, which resulted in colonic dysmotility.
Toward in vivo bronchoscopic functional CFTR assessment using a short circuit current measurement probe
Authors: Otuya David O. , Liu Zhongyu , Joseph Reny , Hanafy Mohammed A. , Vijaykumar Kadambari , Stanford Denise , Raju S. Vamsee , Baker Elizabeth H. , Rowe Steven M. , Tearney Guillermo J. , Solomon George M.
Published: November 2024

We have conducted short circuit current measurements in animal models in vivo for studying cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and ion channel restoration.
A Multiscale Perspective on Chromatin Architecture through Polymer Physics
Authors: Vercellone Francesca , Chiariello Andrea M. , Esposito Andrea , Conte Mattia , Abraham Alex , Fontana Andrea , Di Pierno Florinda , Tafuri Fabrizio , Guha Sougata , Kundu Sumanta , Di Carluccio Ciro , Nicodemi Mario , Bianco Simona
Published: November 2024

The spatial organization of chromatin within the eukaryotic nucleus is critical in regulating key cellular functions, such as gene expression, and its disruption can lead to disease. Advances in experimental techniques, such as Hi-C and microscopy, have significantly enhanced our understanding of chromatin’s intricate and dynamic architecture, revealing complex patterns of interaction at multiple scales. Along with experimental methods, physics-based computational models, including polymer phase separation and loop-extrusion mechanisms, have been developed to explain chromatin structure in a principled manner. Here, we illustrate genome-wide applications of these models, highlighting their ability to predict chromatin contacts across different scales and to spread light on the underlying molecular determinants. Additionally, we discuss how these models provide a framework for understanding alterations in chromosome folding associated with disease states, such as SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenic structural variants, providing valuable insights into the role of chromatin architecture in health and disease.
An Approachable Anaerobic Bioreactor for Remote Biogas Production: Experimental Analysis and Neuroevolution Modeling
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Taghi Samadi Mohammad , Godini Kazem , Moradi Samira , Dragoi Elena Niculina , Suditu Gabriel Dan
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a straightforward batch‐mode bioreactor for the production of biogas from two waste sources: animal slaughterhouse solid waste and fruit and vegetable solid waste, as well as poultry slaughter solid waste and fruit and vegetable solid waste. To measure the efficiency of methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) production, the system was experimentally studied for 40 days, investigating different carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C/N) ratios: 20, 30, and 40. The highest biogas and methane contents were observed at a C/N ratio of 30. The poultry slaughterhouse waste (SHW) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) combination resulted in an impressive 201.7 L of biogas, with 149.2 L of pure methane. Similarly, the animal SHW and FVW mixture resulted in 241 L of biogas, containing 182.7 L of valuable methane. Recognizing the complex nature of factors that impact the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, this study employed kinetic models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) combined with three optimizers: Differential Evolution (DE), Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO), and the Dragonfly Algorithm (DA). The simulation data revealed that the BFO approach yielded the best models. Notably, the mean squared error (MSE) during the testing phase was remarkably low, measuring 0.000552 for cumulated CO2 production and 0.001598 for cumulated methane production. Overall, the models introduced in this study exhibit excellent generalization capability and serve as reliable predictors for the systems’ output in various scenarios. The significance of these findings extends beyond the laboratory, as the proposed system and its model can effectively aid end‐users in planning their consumption and correlating biogas utilization with peak production. This mainly benefits small consumers in remote areas, offering them sustainable energy solutions and paving the way for a greener future.
Optimization of Irrigation Requirements for the Markonahalli Command Area Using the SWAT Model
Authors: K. Archana , Reddy Suresh Ramaswwamy , Vengala Jagadish , Nayak Ashish Kumar
Published: November 2024

Irrigation requirements are instrumental in planning water distribution and reservoir management. The Markonahalli Dam is constructed across the Shimsha River and has a command area of 7000 ha in Kunigal Taluk of Tumkur District, Karnataka. It is a semiarid region that depends on canal irrigation from the reservoir. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is employed to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET) and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for the command area. The model is calibrated and validated using evapotranspiration data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The calibration and validation are performed using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting‐2 (SUFI‐2) algorithm within the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs (SWAT‐CUP). The results indicated reasonably good ETc estimations, with the coefficient of correlation (r) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) coefficient being 0.57 and 0.549 for calibration, and 0.165 and 0.105 for validation, respectively. The simulated ETc values are further used to calculate the gross irrigation requirement (GIR) for the command area. The irrigation requirement is further optimized for maximum crop yield using the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) and Pareto curves. The optimization results show that 37.85% of the irrigation requirement can be conserved while maximizing crop yield.
Analysis of Colorfastness in Metallic Prints Using Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Donkor Sylvia Owusua , Sackey Samuel Sonko , Vowotor Michael Kwame , Amuah Charles Lloyd Yeboah , Boateng Rabbi , Tatchie Ebenezer Teye , Opoku-Ansah Jerry , Adueming Peter Osei-Wusu
Published: November 2024

Color is essential for the fashion and art of fabrics, with its retention being a quality measure of great significance for the brand and user. The colorfastness of some metallic fabrics has been established using absorption spectroscopy, by determining the quality and quantity of dye that bled after undergoing wash laundry processes. Two metallic fabrics (X and Y) and washing detergents (liquid and powdered) were used. The fabrics were washed using GyroWash machine set for normal (40°C) and hot (60°C) wash for durations of 60 min and 90 min. There was a repeat for a second wash. The wastewater after each wash (sample) was collected, and the absorption spectra were recorded using a double‐beam spectrophotometer. The quality of dyes drained was determined using Peakfit analysis to deconvolute the absorption spectrum to reveal the presence of multiple individual wavelengths, and quantified using their relative intensity values. The identified peaks were between 200 nm and 370 nm, which lie within the UV–Vis absorption band of synthetic dyes referred to as azo dyes. The liquid soap bled more dye under the same washing conditions, with fabric Y demonstrating an inferior ability to retain its dye compared to fabric X. A higher amount of dye was drained during the hot wash, with the amount of dye that bled from both fabrics reducing after the first wash. Euclidean similarity was performed using principal component analysis to identify the spectra close to the detergent solution (reference spectrum) in Euclidean distance sense. Points from the wastewater spectra similar to the reference had shorter absolute distances, indicating less bleeding, while more dissimilar points registered longer distance, indicating more bleeding. This absorption spectroscopy technique is scientific and objective compared to the conventional subjective gray scale method. It will help textile manufacturers develop standardized testing protocols to assess the colorfastness of metallic printed fabrics, ensuring that products meet quality standards before they reach the market.
Figure S8 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

H&E and MALDI-MSI images of N-glycans of full tissue samples
Figure S13 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Annotated LCMS spectra for COL1A1
Tumor Expression of CD83 Reduces Glioma Progression and Is Associated with Reduced Immunosuppression
Authors: McDonald Malcolm F. , Curry Rachel Naomi , O’Reilly Isabella , Lozzi Brittney , Cervantes Alexis , Lee Zhung-Fu , Rosenbaum Anna , He Peihao , Mohila Carrie , Harmanci Arif O. , Serin Harmanci Akdes , Deneen Benjamin , Rao Ganesh
Published: November 2024

Malignant glioma, the most lethal form of brain cancer, presents with an immunosuppressive microenvironment that obstructs tumor cell clearance and hampers immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite advancements in characterizing cellular and extracellular profiles in cancer, the immunosuppressive mechanisms specific to glioma remain poorly understood. We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing of glioma samples, which revealed a select subset of human and mouse glioma cells that express CD83, a marker associated with mature antigen-presenting cells. To investigate the impact of tumor cell CD83 expression on glioma outcomes, we used an immunocompetent mouse model of glioma, bioinformatic analyses of human samples, and in vitro assays. Our findings revealed that CD83+ tumor cells contribute to tumor growth suppression and are associated with enhanced cytotoxic T-cell profiles and activated CD8+ T cells. Increased proinflammatory cytokines were identified in CD83-overexpressing tumor conditions, which were also correlated with long-term CD8+ antitumor responses. Importantly, tumor-derived CD83 could mediate communication with T cells, altering the immune microenvironment to potentially enhance immune-related tumor clearance. Collectively, our data suggest that tumor cell expression of CD83 supports the endogenous antitumor T-cell constituency in malignant glioma. Future research endeavors may aim to further investigate whether CD83 expression can enhance immunotherapeutic approaches and improve patient outcomes.

Significance:

Immunosuppression in malignant glioma remains a barrier to therapeutic development. CD83 overexpression in human and mouse glioma increases survival. CD83+ tumor cells promote signatures related to cytotoxic T cells, enhanced activation of CD8+ T cells, and increased proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that tumor-expressed CD83 could mediate tumor–immune communications.
Digitalization and standardization oncology drug therapy plans with the Onkopti database for online publication and import into software.
Authors: Link Hartmut , Wickenkamp Axel , Dresel Annika , Link Migle , Link-Rachner Cornelia Sibylle , van Lengen Rolf Hendrik
Published: November 2024

Background
Oncological therapy is based on multidimensional therapy protocols. The requirements for standardized protocols and digitation are high. These protocols are created through several complex development stages to ensure standardized recording. The process involves analyzing original publications published in international journals and extracting key content. Standardized supportive therapy is then added, and compatibility with current guidelines and quality controls is checked.
Summary
The Onkopti® website is based on the WordPress content management system and provides protocols in a variety of formats, generated through the use of a relational SQL database (www.onkopti.de, www.onkopti.com, www.oncopti.com). It is continuously updated to include new therapeutic developments or changes to standard therapy. The protocols are stored in a relational database and can be exported to various application systems via a standardized XML format or other formats. The website and protocols are available in both German and English. As of August, 2024, there are over 2600 protocols for parenteral and oral therapies for all oncological specialties..
Key Messages
The digitalization of protocol selection, prescription, pharmacy preparation, hospital or practice information system documentation, billing, and prescription creation can accelerate, standardize, and streamline these processes. This optimization can significantly reduce personnel costs, resulting in cost savings and improved quality.
Regorafenib Combination Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: With or Without Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Cao Lei , Lu Xiangyu , Chen Haoqing , Yu Xiang , Li Jinze , Peng Yi , Gu Lu , Feng Ji , Xie Ping , Liu Yaben
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The effectiveness and tolerability of triple therapy, which combines regorafenib, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), were compared to dual therapy consisting of regorafenib and a PD-1 inhibitor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with advanced HCC who underwent second-line therapy from March 2019 to June 2022 at multiple centers. Patients were stratified into two groups: dual therapy (comprising regorafenib and a PD-1 inhibitor) and triple therapy (consisting of regorafenib, a PD-1 inhibitor, and TACE). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for potential confounding variables.
Results: After PSM, 112 eligible patients were included, with 56 in the triple therapy group and 56 in the dual therapy group. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the triple therapy group (15.4 vs. 8.9 months, p < 0.001), as was median progression-free survival (PFS) (6.8 vs. 3.3 months, p < 0.001). The objective response rate (ORR) (37.5% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.001) and disease control rate (DCR) (73.2% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the triple therapy group compared to the dual therapy group. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion: Triple therapy demonstrated superior survival benefits compared to dual therapy in patients with advanced HCC. Additionally, the safety profiles of the two treatment regimens were comparable.
Critique of European Christianity and Modernity in the Writings of Sanaullah Makti Tangal, a 19th Century Islamic Scholar from Kerala
Authors: Ilias M.H.
Published: November 2024

This article explores Christian-Muslim debate in 19th-century South India through the writings of the reformist Islamic scholar Sanaullah Makti Tangal (1847–1912). Tangal spent most of his time critiquing the blurred boundaries of Western conceptions of religion, modernity, and secularism, in ways not unlike much later scholars such as Talal Asad and Saba Mahmoud. The distinctiveness of Tangal’s approach was the construction of an alternative Islamic modernity that could take the place of Western Christian norms. Modernity, in Tangal’s eyes, was not a token of rationalism or secularism, but a tool for purifying Islam in Kerala from unwanted elements adopted from local cultures. This article also places Tangal’s thought against the backdrop of the theological and philosophical debate introduced to Kerala by the colonial administration between scholars who endorsed or rejected the European reconstruction of religion.
Participatory Censorship in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Yang Tony Zirui
Published: November 2024

Contrary to the conventional top-down view of government censorship, this study argues that ordinary citizens in authoritarian regimes frequently participate in censorship by reporting online content. I hypothesize that such participation in censorship partially explains the high level of public support for censorship found in existing surveys. Using an original survey in China, I demonstrate that participation in censorship is indeed prevalent, with over half of the respondents self-report having previously flagged online content, and that such participation is positively correlated with support for the censorship apparatus. To causally test the hypothesis, I conduct a pre-registered experiment using custom-engineered, simulated social media pages to manipulate reporting behavior. The results show that respondents encouraged to report simulated posts display significantly higher support for the censorship apparatus. This study highlights the role of ordinary citizens in facilitating authoritarian control and explains why repressive apparatus like censorship can be popular with the population.
Bio-Social Race as a Socially Salient Conception of Race
Authors: Washington Yosef
Published: November 2024

In this paper I argue that a Bio-Social conception of “race” is a socially salient conception within the United States. This conception is “socially salient” in the sense that is demonstrative of public understanding and public use of the race concept within context of the United States and its member institutions. This conception is “Bio-Social” in the sense that a set of biological and social properties form the necessary conditions for “race” and “racial group membership.” I explain that these biological and social properties are the social interpretation of ancestral relations to geographically and culturally specified groups.