bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved proteomics profiling of the ciliary Hedgehog response
Authors: May Elena A. , Kalocsay Marian , D’Auriac Inès Galtier , Schuster Patrick S. , Gygi Steven P. , Nachury Maxence V. , Mick David U.
Published: April 2021

The primary cilium is a signaling compartment that interprets Hedgehog signals through changes of its protein, lipid, and second messenger compositions. Here, we combine proximity labeling of cilia with quantitative mass spectrometry to unbiasedly profile the time-dependent alterations of the ciliary proteome in response to Hedgehog. This approach correctly identifies the three factors known to undergo Hedgehog-regulated ciliary redistribution and reveals two such additional proteins. First, we find that a regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) rapidly exits cilia together with the G protein–coupled receptor GPR161 in response to Hedgehog, and we propose that the GPR161/PKA module senses and amplifies cAMP signals to modulate ciliary PKA activity. Second, we identify the phosphatase Paladin as a cell type–specific regulator of Hedgehog signaling that enters primary cilia upon pathway activation. The broad applicability of quantitative ciliary proteome profiling promises a rapid characterization of ciliopathies and their underlying signaling malfunctions.
Human KIT+ myeloid cells facilitate visceral metastasis by melanoma
Authors: Yu Chun I. , Martinek Jan , Wu Te-Chia , Kim Kyung In , George Joshy , Ahmadzadeh Elaheh , Maser Rick , Marches Florentina , Metang Patrick , Authie Pierre , Oliveira Vanessa K.P. , Wang Victor G. , Chuang Jeffrey H. , Robson Paul , Banchereau Jacques , Palucka Karolina
Published: April 2021

Metastasis of melanoma significantly worsens prognosis; thus, therapeutic interventions that prevent metastasis could improve patient outcomes. Here, we show using humanized mice that colonization of distant visceral organs with melanoma is dependent upon a human CD33+CD11b+CD117+ progenitor cell subset comprising <4% of the human CD45+ leukocytes. Metastatic tumor-infiltrating CD33+ cells from patients and humanized (h)NSG-SGM3 mice showed converging transcriptional profiles. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identified a gene signature of a KIT/CD117–expressing CD33+ subset that correlated with decreased overall survival in a TCGA melanoma cohort. Thus, human CD33+CD11b+CD117+ myeloid cells represent a novel candidate biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma.
The pleiotropic roles of leptin in metabolism, immunity, and cancer
Authors: de Candia Paola , Prattichizzo Francesco , Garavelli Silvia , Alviggi Carlo , La Cava Antonio , Matarese Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

The discovery of the archetypal adipocytokine leptin and how it regulates energy homeostasis have represented breakthroughs in our understanding of the endocrine function of the adipose tissue and the biological determinants of human obesity. Investigations on leptin have also been instrumental in identifying physio-pathological connections between metabolic regulation and multiple immunological functions. For example, the description of the promoting activities of leptin on inflammation and cell proliferation have recognized the detrimental effects of leptin in connecting dysmetabolic conditions with cancer and with onset and/or progression of autoimmune disease. Here we review the multiple biological functions and complex framework of operations of leptin, discussing why and how the pleiotropic activities of this adipocytokine still pose major hurdles in the development of effective leptin-based therapeutic opportunities for different clinical conditions.
PU.1 enforces quiescence and limits hematopoietic stem cell expansion during inflammatory stress
Authors: Chavez James S. , Rabe Jennifer L. , Loeffler Dirk , Higa Kelly C. , Hernandez Giovanny , Mills Taylor S. , Ahmed Nouraiz , Gessner Rachel L. , Ke Zhonghe , Idler Beau M. , Niño Katia E. , Kim Hyunmin , Myers Jason R. , Stevens Brett M. , Davizon-Castillo Pavel , Jordan Craig T. , Nakajima Hideaki , Ashton John , Welner Robert S. , Schroeder Timm , DeGregori James , Pietras Eric M.
Published: April 2021

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable of entering the cell cycle to replenish the blood system in response to inflammatory cues; however, excessive proliferation in response to chronic inflammation can lead to either HSC attrition or expansion. The mechanism(s) that limit HSC proliferation and expansion triggered by inflammatory signals are poorly defined. Here, we show that long-term HSCs (HSCLT) rapidly repress protein synthesis and cell cycle genes following treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1. This gene program is associated with activation of the transcription factor PU.1 and direct PU.1 binding at repressed target genes. Notably, PU.1 is required to repress cell cycle and protein synthesis genes, and IL-1 exposure triggers aberrant protein synthesis and cell cycle activity in PU.1-deficient HSCs. These features are associated with expansion of phenotypic PU.1-deficient HSCs. Thus, we identify a PU.1-dependent mechanism triggered by innate immune stimulation that limits HSC proliferation and pool size. These findings provide insight into how HSCs maintain homeostasis during inflammatory stress.
The transcriptional repressor ID2 supports natural killer cell maturation by controlling TCF1 amplitude
Authors: Li Zhong-Yin , Morman Rosemary E. , Hegermiller Emma , Sun Mengxi , Bartom Elizabeth T. , Maienschein-Cline Mark , Sigvardsson Mikael , Kee Barbara L.
Published: April 2021

Gaining a mechanistic understanding of the expansion and maturation program of natural killer (NK) cells will provide opportunities for harnessing their inflammation-inducing and oncolytic capacity for therapeutic purposes. Here, we demonstrated that ID2, a transcriptional regulatory protein constitutively expressed in NK cells, supports NK cell effector maturation by controlling the amplitude and temporal dynamics of the transcription factor TCF1. TCF1 promotes immature NK cell expansion and restrains differentiation. The increased TCF1 expression in ID2-deficient NK cells arrests their maturation and alters cell surface receptor expression. Moreover, TCF1 limits NK cell functions, such as cytokine-induced IFN-γ production and the ability to clear metastatic melanoma in ID2-deficient NK cells. Our data demonstrate that ID2 sets a threshold for TCF1 during NK cell development, thus controlling the balance of immature and terminally differentiated cells that support future NK cell responses.
Mechanical dysfunction of the sarcomere induced by a pathogenic mutation in troponin T drives cellular adaptation
Authors: Clippinger Sarah R. , Cloonan Paige E. , Wang Wei , Greenberg Lina , Stump W. Tom , Angsutararux Paweorn , Nerbonne Jeanne M. , Greenberg Michael J.
Published: April 2021

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a leading cause of sudden cardiac death, is primarily caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. The pathogenesis of HCM is complex, with functional changes that span scales, from molecules to tissues. This makes it challenging to deconvolve the biophysical molecular defect that drives the disease pathogenesis from downstream changes in cellular function. In this study, we examine an HCM mutation in troponin T, R92Q, for which several models explaining its effects in disease have been put forward. We demonstrate that the primary molecular insult driving disease pathogenesis is mutation-induced alterations in tropomyosin positioning, which causes increased molecular and cellular force generation during calcium-based activation. Computational modeling shows that the increased cellular force is consistent with the molecular mechanism. These changes in cellular contractility cause downstream alterations in gene expression, calcium handling, and electrophysiology. Taken together, our results demonstrate that molecularly driven changes in mechanical tension drive the early disease pathogenesis of familial HCM, leading to activation of adaptive mechanobiological signaling pathways.
The Effect of Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation After Strenuous Physical Activity on Creatine Kinase Levels
Authors: Sinaga F A , Sinaga R N , Manalu N
Published: April 2021

Strenuous physical activity can cause muscle damage which is marked by an increase in creatine kinase levels. One of the strategies to prevent muscle damage is to consume antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acutely giving beetroot juice on creatine kinase levels after strenuous physical activity. The research sample used 20 trained males. The sample was divided into two groups (Experiment = 10; Placebo = 10). The pre-test was done by checking creatine kinase levels before engaging in strenuous physical activity. After doing strenuous physical activity by running on a treadmill with an intensity of 90-100% for 30 minutes, the experimental group was given 300 ml of beetroot juice (BRJ) every day for 3 days, while the control group was given a placebo drink. Creatine kinase levels were measured immediately, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after strenuous physical activity. The results showed that CK levels decreased significantly 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after strenuous physical activity in the BRJ group compared to the placebo group (p <0.05) The conclusion of this study is that giving BRJ acutely after doing strenuous physical activity can reduce creatine kinase levels in trained male athletes. Acute JBR supplementation in this study can help reduce muscle damage due to strenuous physical exercise through nutritional interventions
Medium chain fatty acids: extraction, isolation, purification, bioactive properties and application
Authors: Chen Yuwei , She Yongbo , Lei Jing , Wang Dongning , Wu Songwen , Men Ke
Published: April 2021

Compared with long-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids are characterized by fast digestion and absorption, less fat accumulation and deposition, improve insulin resistance, regulate energy metabolism, inhibit microorganisms and other biological functions. They are widely used in food, medicine, genetic engineering and other nutrition-related aspects, and have great potential in the development and utilization of health food. In this paper, the definition, source, physicochemical properties, metabolic characteristics, biological functions, safety and application in nutrition-related fields of medium chain fatty acids will be reviewed and discussed.
The logical-probabilistic model for assessing the information security assessing of the critical information infrastructure subject under destructive influences
Authors: Maksimova E A , Lapina M A , Baranov V V , Lauta O S
Published: April 2021

Security of the subject of critical information infrastructure (SCII) is one of the key issues of our time at the international level. One of the guarantors of stability and information security of society and the state as a whole is the reliability of the SCII functioning. The currently existing methods and models for assessing reliability, as applied to CII, are considered without taking into account the factor of influence of the offender, which can have a destructive effect on the subject of CII. This leads to significant errors in the analysis of the information security of the subject of CII, therefore, reduces the effectiveness of the information protection means declared for CII objects.

The proposed logical-probabilistic model is associated with the use of the specifics of the regulatory and legal framework in the field of SCII safety; structured detailing of the CII subject, taking into account the specifics of the subject; stages of the life cycle of the SCII information protection system; highlighted destructive malicious influences of an infrastructural nature; interrelationships of the selected destructs with a number of vulnerabilities on CII objects. The model takes into account physical, physicochemical, chemical, biological, operational factors of threat realization as factors affecting the decrease in the reliability of the functioning of the CII subject. The assessment of reliability indicators is carried out taking into account the characteristics of recoverable and non-recoverable objects, backup methods. The model allows you to assess the reliability of the subject of CII as an integrative characteristic, which is an indicator of the assessment of information security.
Assessment of methods online forensics in alleviation of the consequences of the attacks of extortioners
Authors: Tebuyeva F B , Ogur M G , Gasparyan M M , Bliznetsova A I
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to disclosure of essence of a concept online forensics. On the basis of the analysis of practical activities and works of domestic and foreign experts in article the author’s concept characterizing estimated judgment of methods in an issue of alleviation of the consequences of the attacks of extortioners reveals.
Judicial technical expertise methods for investigation of cybercrimes
Authors: Petrenko V I , Bereznitsky A S , Ogur M G , Nekrasova E A
Published: April 2021

Computer technical expertise is rather new sort of the expertise which are carried out within criminal, civil and arbitration proceedings. And though separate expertise of computer means was carried out and earlier, “computer crimes” laid the foundation for all-round development of judicial computer technical expertise as independent sort of examination. Its emergence is caused by growth of use of computer and information systems in our country in recent years.
Research Results of Possibility of Using Non-Traditional Materials in Design of Furniture for Children
Authors: Antonenko J S , Zhdanova N S , Mishukovskaya J I
Published: April 2021

The article considers the experience of studying the design capabilities of unconventional materials in the design process of children’s furniture. Polycarbonate has been known for a long time, it is produced industrially and is mainly used in construction. It has good consumer and aesthetic qualities, high ductility, and relative cheapness. All this prompted a team of teachers and students to experiment in studying the possibilities of using polycarbonate in furniture for children. Children are very active and “destructive” in their activities. Not all furniture objects can withstand such loads, and those that withstand are often very expensive, because for children’s institutions furniture is needed that would be durable and relatively cheap. The purpose of the experimental work is the design of children’s furniture, taking into account the capabilities of non-traditional material, which meets the complex of modern requirements. The experimental work was carried out in three stages, on the first - the test material was corrugated cardboard, on the second - polystyrene, and on the third - polycarbonate. At each stage, a prototype was made and tested in a child care facility through operation for one month. Of the three materials studied, polycarbonate gave the best performance, which withstood all the mechanical loads of operation, retained its original shape, structural strength and external aesthetic appeal. The reviews of educators and employees of childcare facilities testify to the above qualities of the material and products made from it.
Research Results of Furniture Design Using Color Plastic
Authors: Antonenko J S , Ekaterinushkina A V , Zhdanova N S
Published: April 2021

The article considers the experience of studying the design capabilities of colored plastic in the process of designing furniture for pool locker rooms. Colored plastic is one of the most popular materials - it is a modern, environmentally friendly, and characterized by high impact resistance, resistance to abrasion, and the action of hot and detergent materials. Furniture made of plastic is inexpensive, lightweight and easy to carry; it is stabile, it is resistant to rotting processes, insects and fungi. It is not able to swell or deform under the influence of moisture. Such furniture is easy to care for. Furniture for children is often made of plastic, because it is characterized by low weight and the absence of sharp corners. Due to this, the risk of injury by contact with it is significantly reduced. These advantages have stimulated us to find ways to expand the scope of use of plastic and furniture made of it. A visit to the pool prompted us to use this material for designing furniture for locker rooms for mothers and babies, because it is plastic that is the most suitable option for this subject - spatial environment. A team of teachers and students conducted experimental work to study the possibilities of using colored plastic in furniture for pool locker rooms. The purpose of the experimental work is to design a set of colored plastic furniture for changing the pool to increase the comfortable stay of mother and baby. The development was carried out taking into account the capabilities of the material to create a convenient, safe undressing zone. The study showed that the existing furniture filling of the locker rooms of the pool for mothers with an infant is not fully equipped or does not meet the important requirements for furniture. The experimental work was carried out in three stages, at the first - a sociological study was carried out, at the second - functional ergonomic research, design features and furniture requirements and criteria for evaluating equipment for pools were determined, and on the third - a design proposal for a pool furniture set made of colored plastic was developed. Reviews of employees, managers and visitors to the pools indicate the need for this kit in modern pools in Russia.
Barrier-free Environment as an Indicator of Sustainable Development of the City. Priorities and Experience in Samara (Russia)
Authors: Vavilova T Ya , Zhdanova I V , Bakhareva Yu A , Kayasova D S
Published: April 2021

An attempt to systematize the experience of creating a barrier – free environment in Samara, one of the megacities in Russia, has made. In the course of work, field surveys carried out. The following priority areas for the implementation of universal design methods identified: housing, social infrastructure and a set of elements of urban utilities. In them, the consumer properties of buildings and territories have a decisive influence on the overall assessment of the quality of the urban environment. The examples are given and the difficulties of creating a barrier-free environment in new residential compounds and universities, as well as in the objects of the municipal sphere of the city analyzed. The conclusion that the process of introducing the principles of formation of a barrier-free environment has a rather low pace has made. This is not in line with the city’s sustainable development objectives. The question of the development of local urban planning regulations and design standards, which will allow the transition to the massive use of the principles of universal design, has raised.
Technological Progress Requirement to Inspection of Materials and Technologies
Authors: Gabitov A I , Muhamedzjanov R R , Rjazanova V A , Salov A S
Published: April 2021

The documents on history of main principles for inspection of materials and technologies both in this country and abroad are collected and summarized. Formation of human knowledge of structure and properties of a substance is demonstrated to have made it possible to improve experimental test procedures, thereby strengthening control over ever-increasing requirements to the product quality. Main factors of both materials and technologies quality control are presented at the design stage, manufacturing process, and industrial activity at the present stage. Qualitative content of standards and norms in the history of production relations is found to have determined the quality of the products made. Specific analysis of compositions and quality of the products made, research of the best raw stock and technological ways of processing thereof, methods of evaluating construction material properties and standardization thereof are the required conditions to improve the practice of product manufacturing in all stages of the technology. Reliability and durability of engineering structures is surely to be accompanied by reliable combined operation of elements thereof without loss of strength, stiffness, reliability and spatial dimensional stability thereof. Methods to control and test the material and the connecting units thereof are to be applied to provide reliability of the structures and nodes. Quality of the material therewith is defined by state of structural constituents thereof both on micro- and macro-levels.
Behavior of Beam with Fiber Reinforcement under Alternating Loads
Authors: Nikolenko S D , Kazakov D A , Bolotskikh L V
Published: April 2021

The use of dispersed reinforcement improves the properties of concrete. Recently, some studies have been conducted to explore the effect of dispersed reinforcement on the behavior of structures under a static load of the same sign or alternating static load when reinforcing with relatively long fibers.

The article presents a methodology for experimental study of the behavior of beam elements with dispersed and combined reinforcement under an alternating static load, based on mathematical planning using a specially made frame.

The work considers the results of experimental studies of cubes and prisms on a static load and compression. It also presents the results of an experimental study of the behavior of beam structures with dispersed and combined reinforcement with relatively short fibers under low-cycle alternating static action. The behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete beam elements under similar influences are compared.

The presented results of the experimental studies allow us to show a significant effect of dispersed reinforcement with relatively short fibers on the behavior of beam structures with alternating low-cycle static loads and the feasibility of combined reinforcement of structures operating under such loads.

The use of dispersed reinforcement with relatively short fibers in combined reinforced beam structures operating under alternating loads will increase crack resistance, and with a certain percentage of reinforcement, the strength of such structures. Moreover, the use of relatively short fibers will significantly reduce the complexity of manufacturing such structures.
Principles of Planning Organization of Dormitories for Migrant Workers in Moscow
Authors: Beloborodova K I , Melnikova I B
Published: April 2021

The paper addresses the problems of accommodation of migrant workers in Moscow at the present stage. The authors offer specialized dormitories with certain planning parameters aimed at achieving balance between the maximum cost effectiveness and creation of adequate living and working conditions for migrant workers. The paper is focused on possible principles of planning organization of dormitories for migrant workers in Moscow. It contains recommendations on supplementing the RF regulatory framework with regard to organization of temporary accommodation houses and practical suggestions on designing such dormitories. These suggestions allow considering organization of the specialized dormitories for migrant workers both as new construction and in the existing city architectural environment by reconstruction of the existing residential buildings. The prospects of using the suggested temporary accommodation houses for migrant workers in megalopolises are addressed as well.
Reconstruction of Industrial Residential Buildings Built in the 1950s–1970s with Application of Modern Wooden Structures
Authors: Podshivalov M E , Aksenova I V
Published: April 2021

A substantial part of the dwelling stock in the Russian cities and towns was built in the period of 1960s and 1970s. In the circumstances of the deficient territorial resources in many cities, the need to renovate the post-war residential constructions of the initial period in the industrial construction of dwelling houses is considered as one of the major vectors in providing the dwelling facilities for the citizens. Basing on the analysis of the modern methods, the authors draw the conclusion that the possibility to realize the renovation programs is available only in the capital cities, where the land is highly attractive in terms of investments. As far as regions are concerned, it would be more adaptive and more beneficial to choose the option of the comprehensive reconstruction. The authors also considered such question as whether it would make sense to proliferate the international experience of applying the new technologies and the modern wood-based structures in reconstruction of buildings. This measure would make it possible to resolve not only the practical, but as well the ecological and architectural plus esthetic tasks in renovation of the existing standard buildings, to raise the status and profitability of the standard dwelling buildings and to reduce the ultimate cost of the reconstruction. Basing on the conceptual project for renovation of a mini-district in the central part of Irkutsk, the authors have demonstrated the possibilities of reconstructing the dwelling quarters with the use of modern technologies for the wooden housing construction.
Methodology for Calculating, Forecasting and Substantiating the Residual Period of Service of Building Structures
Authors: Shmelev G D , Drapalyuk N A , Burak E E , Fonova S I
Published: April 2021

As part of the implementation of a set of works on the examination of the technical condition, calculation justification and assessment of the remaining service life of the group of buildings of the Left-Bank State Border Service of the city of Voronezh, the development of “Methodology for assessing the technical condition and calculation forecasting and justification of the remaining service life of building structures” was carried out. When developing the methodology, the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for the inspection of buildings and structures were taken into account. The methodology of the calculation justification is based on previously published works of the creative team under the direction of Shmelev G. D. The methodology for calculating forecasting and estimating the remaining service life of building structures is based on the following methods: expert, parametric, “load - bearing capacity” and “load - deformation”. This article provides a brief description of the methodology and its main sections. The general content of the methodology, which consists of 11 sections, is given, a detailed description of the 3 key sections of the methodology is given, which are devoted to: determining design parameters and criteria for their evaluation; methods for predicting the residual life of building structures; drawing up a report on the justification of the remaining service life of the building structures of the facility.
Modern Approaches to the Restoration of Architecture After the Disasters in Italy
Authors: Goryacheva A V
Published: April 2021

The article raises the problem of implementing the principles of the Venice Charter in the practice of restoring architectural monuments that have suffered as a result of natural disasters and human activities. The carried out restorations of various types of monuments of public architecture were considered. The principles that guided the authors of the restoration project, as well as external circumstances that influenced the course of restoration work, were analyzed. Conclusions were drawn about a significant deviation from the principles of the Venice Charter in practice: holistic restorations predominate with the preservation of the familiar appearance, the use of materials that do not differ from the original, the reconstruction of not only facades, but also interiors of architectural monuments in their previous forms.
Foam Polyethylene Made of Recycled Polyethylene
Authors: Lyapidevskaya O B , Rubtsov O I , Bessonov I V
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the main principles of foam polyethylene production by the addition of recycled polyethylene and a modifier in the initial mixture. Obtaining of the modified foam polyethylene will accomplish two important tasks: solve the environmental problem of recycling polyethylene waste and reduce the cost of the material. The optimal consumptions of recycled polyethylene and a modifier were determined by using the methods of mathematical experiment planning. To predict the main characteristics of the modified foam polyethylene a special nomogram was worked out. The properties of the developed material were studied. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the modified foam polyethylene had quite proper physical and mechanical characteristics and could be recommended for use in insulation systems of frameless and frame buildings, as well as in floating floor systems.
Possibilities of Architectural and Structural Forming of Spatial Forms from Rod Arches
Authors: Kalinina A A , Kurbanov A I , Tsaritova N G
Published: April 2021

The process of forming new technological methods of construction of buildings and structures, a high degree of industrialization of construction and unification of elements, lead to the study of various principles of forming the spatial structure of the object from flat scans. The authors consider a new transformable architectural and structural system consisting of rod spatial arches, the main elements of the developed system are rods and hinges that connect them at the ends. The latter are made as an analog of bionic mobile communication. Analysis of the transformation of a rod spatial element into an arch of various shapes is performed by the following methods: traverses, jacks, pneumatic structures and automatic methods. As a result, you can use rod arches to create buildings and structures of various shapes. In the end, the versatility of such spaces allows buildings and structures based on rod spatial arches to be multifunctional. Specifically for the arches of the NPI series, the authors developed a hinge Assembly designed to connect the rods of a fast-erecting light spatial structure of a regular structure. Research has shown that on the basis of the resulting arched strezhnevoy system, it is possible to form spaces close to the cylindrical and spherical shape. The variability of forms based on a single set of structures, low-labor-intensive installation process using the principles of self-construction, create prerequisites for new research in the field of improving this type of transformable architectural and structural systems. These issues provide a wide range of tools for solving architectural, structural and technological factors of shaping, which contributes to the development of creative activity.
Efficient Volume Modules of Polydispersion Composites with Spherical Inclusion
Authors: Erofeev V T , Tyuryahin A S , Tyuryahina T P , Tingaev A V
Published: April 2021

The formula of R. M. Christensen [14], according to the definition of the volume modulus of polydisperse composites with spherical inclusion, is transformed to the dimensionless function k = k (η, θ, w) of these modules, which depends only on three dimensionless parameters. For a given value of the parameters η and θ, the modulus formula becomes a function of k = k (w) of one argument (volume fraction of inclusion). In a flat space k - w, the function k = k (w) is mapped by a curved segment between the points (0, 1) and (1, 0) of the same space. For different values of η, the function k = k (w) displays the spectrum of curved segments between the points mentioned above. This spectrum determines the position of a plane figure in the space k - w. The shape of the figure and its position (in this space) changes with other values of the parameter θ. Examples are given of constructing two similar figures for characteristic subsets of the values of the function k = k (η, θ, w).
Limiting Pressure on Sandy Foundations of Pavements
Authors: Kalinin A L , Martyniuk E V , Kuzin N V
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the limit value of pressure on the sandy foundation of pavement. Such pressure is understood as the first critical load on the soil, which separates the stages of linear and nonlinear deformation of the base. The method of experimental research is testing the base with a hard round stamp. The stamp load was applied in steps, and its value increased until a nonlinear dependence of the shrink from pressure appeared. The tests were performed on a built sandy foundation of pavement on the street Donetskaya in the city of Omsk. For the experiment, 15 points were chosen at which was installed the stamp and loaded with measurement of load and shrink. The test results are processed by methods of mathematical statistics with a reliability of 95%. As a result, a confidence interval is established within which the true value of the limiting pressure on the sand base varies. The value of limiting pressure can be used when designing pavements as a value that limits pressure on the sand base and eliminates shear deformation of the sand.
Porosity of Additive Products Obtained from Electroerosive Cobalt-Chromium Powders
Authors: Ageeva E V , Altukhov A Yu , Ageev E V
Published: April 2021

The results of the porosity of additive products, obtained from wastes of cobalt-chromium alloys in alcohol are presented. To obtain Co-Cr powder materials, wastes of the alloy grade KHMS “ZELLIT” were selected. Dispersion of these wastes was carried out in butyl alcohol. The study of the porosity of the resulting products was carried out by metallographic method with elements of qualitative and quantitative analysis of pore geometry using an Olympus GX51 inverted optical microscope with software for quantitative image analysis.
Testing the Electrical Resistance of Materials for Protective Footwear Production
Authors: Belitskaya O A , Fokina A A , Rykova E S , Panferova E G
Published: April 2021

This paper substantiates the relevance of testing the antistatic properties of protective footwear. It shows how an increase in temperature may affect the electrical resistance of a material.
The Heart of Classical Work-Performance
Authors: Kania Andrew
Published: April 2021

In this critical study of Julian Dodd’s Being True to Works of Music (2020), I argue that the three-tier normative profile of the work-performance tradition in classical music that Dodd defends should be rejected in favour of a two-tier version. I also argue that the theory of work-performance defended in the book fits much more naturally with a contextualist ontology of musical works than with the Platonist ontology Dodd defends in Works of Music (2007), despite his arguments to the contrary in the afterword of the new book. Finally, I argue that the reasons he gives for preferring a ‘tradition-based’ over a ‘historicized’ theory of the understanding of classical scores are not convincing.
Cerebral Embolism as a Result of Facial Filler Injections: A Literature Review
Authors: Wang Hayson Chenyu , Yu Nanze , Wang Xiaojun , Dong Ruijia , Long Xiao , Feng Xin , Li Jianle , Wu Woffles T L
Published: April 2021

Background

With the growth in the popularity of facial filler injections, increased numbers of severe adverse events, such as cerebral embolism, have been reported.

Objectives

The aim of this article was to summarize the clinical manifestations and proposed mechanisms of filler-induced cerebral embolism (FICE).

Methods

A literature review was performed with the search keywords “filler injection,” “hyaluronic acid,” “fat graft,” “cerebral infarction,” “cerebral embolism,” “stroke,” “cerebrovascular infarction,” “disorders of consciousness,” and “hemiplegia.”

Results

Among the 43 cases of FICE enrolled from 35 articles, 37 patients were female, and 6 were male. Twenty-nine of these patients had received fat grafting, and 12 hyaluronic acid injection. Most FICE patients had been injected in the glabella, followed by the temporal, forehead, and nasal areas. Among 30 patients injected under local anesthesia, 43.33% presented with neurologic symptoms during the procedure. The main symptoms were consciousness disorders and hemiplegia. Most of the embolization sites were in the middle cerebral artery, followed by frontal lobe infarction and anterior cerebral artery infarction. Three patients developed cerebral hemorrhage after embolism. Twenty-six patients presented with newly acquired vision loss. The management for FICE cases included embolectomy, thrombolysis, decompressive craniectomy, antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy, and symptomatic and nutritional treatment. Nearly half of the patients recovered or exhibited improved neurologic manifestations but not visual loss. Five patients died.

Conclusions

FICE is a severe complication following facial filler injection. Careful prevention, timely identification, and treatment are crucial to decreasing the morbidity and mortality of FICE.

Level of Evidence: 4
Safety of a Protective Funnel in Primary Breast Augmentation: A Retrospective Analysis of 380 Multicenter Cases in the United States
Authors: Lombardo Aldo , Antonetti Alfred R , Studin Joel , Stile Frank , Giles Dudley , Healy Jeffrey , Kim Roy , Schierle Clark , Gupta Varun , Rios Luis
Published: April 2021

Background

Protective funnel devices are commonly used to deliver implants in primary breast augmentation (BA) yet there is a paucity of evidence-based data describing their safety in the literature.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of protective funnels in primary BA within the first 30 days postoperatively.

Methods

This multicenter, Level 3 study retrospectively reviewed the surgical records of 380 consecutive patients (760 breasts) who underwent primary BA by 9 board-certified plastic surgeons using the iNPLANT Funnel (Proximate Concepts LLC, Allendale, NJ) for implant delivery between November 2019 and December 2020. Data were collected pertaining to demographics, implant information, surgery details, and postoperative complications.

Results

The mean patient age was 33 years and 76% of patients had a BMI <25 kg/m2. Of this cohort, 11.4% were smokers, 0.8% had diabetes, and 83% were ASA Class 1. All patients received smooth implants with a median volume of 375 cc. A total of 8 (2.1%) complications were reported, including 3 hematomas (0.79%), 1 seroma (0.26%), and 1 superficial infection (0.26%). No patient required explantation. We identified ASA class, BMI, surgery duration, and implant size as potential risk factors.

Conclusions

The data suggest that the use of protective funnels, such as the iNPLANT Funnel, in primary BA is a safe option when these are utilized according to the manufacturer’s Instructions for Use. The use of this device led to a low infection rate (0.26%) and a complication rate of (2.1%) consistent with the average reported in the literature (2%-2.5%).1 Implications for clinical practice are encouraging and future research will include a prospective analysis with a larger case series and potentially a control group.

Level of Evidence: 3
Low glucose and high pyruvate reduce the production of 2-oxoaldehydes, improving mitochondrial efficiency, redox regulation, and stallion sperm function†
Authors: Ortiz-Rodríguez José M , Martín-Cano Francisco E , Gaitskell-Phillips Gemma L , Silva Antonio , Ortega-Ferrusola Cristina , Gil María C , Peña Fernando J
Published: April 2021

Energy metabolism in spermatozoa is complex and involves the metabolism of carbohydrate fatty acids and amino acids. The ATP produced in the electron transport chain in the mitochondria appears to be crucial for both sperm motility and maintaining viability, whereas glycolytic enzymes in the flagella may contribute to ATP production to sustain motility and velocity. Stallion spermatozoa seemingly use diverse metabolic strategies, and in this regard, a study of the metabolic proteome showed that Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways related to pyruvate metabolism and the Krebs cycle were predominant. Following this, the hypothesis that low glucose concentrations can provide sufficient support for motility and velocity, and thus glucose concentration can be significantly reduced in the medium, was tested. Aliquots of stallion semen in four different media were stored for 48 h at 18°C; a commercial extender containing 67 mM glucose was used as a control. Stallion spermatozoa stored in media with low glucose (1 mM) and high pyruvate (10 mM) (LG-HP) sustained better motility and velocities than those stored in the commercial extender formulated with very high glucose (61.7 ± 1.2% in INRA 96 vs 76.2 ± 1.0% in LG-HP media after 48 h of incubation at 18°C; P < 0.0001). Moreover, mitochondrial activity was superior in LG-HP extenders (24.1 ± 1.8% in INRA 96 vs 51.1 ± 0.7% in LG-HP of spermatozoa with active mitochondria after 48 h of storage at 18°C; P < 0.0001). Low glucose concentrations may permit more efficient sperm metabolism and redox regulation when substrates for an efficient tricarboxylic acid cycle are provided. The improvement seen using low glucose extenders is due to reductions in the levels of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, 2-oxoaldehydes formed during glycolysis; these compounds are potent electrophiles able to react with proteins, lipids, and DNA, causing sperm damage.
Histopathological risk factors for lymph node metastases in T1 colorectal cancer: meta-analysis
Authors: Ebbehøj A L , Jørgensen L N , Krarup P -M , Smith H G
Published: April 2021

Background

National screening programmes increase the proportion of T1 colorectal cancers. Local excision may be possible, but the risk of lymph node metastases (LNMs) could jeopardize long-term outcomes. The aim of the present study was to review the association between histopathological findings and LNMs in T1 colorectal cancer.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase, and Cochrane online databases. Studies investigating the association between one or more histopathological factors and LNMs in patients who underwent resection for T1 colorectal cancer were included.

Results

Sixteen observational studies were included in the meta-analysis, including a total of 10 181 patients, of whom 1 307 had LNMs. Lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio (OR) 7.42; P < 0.001), tumour budding (OR 4.00; P < 0.001), depth of submucosal invasion, whether measured as at least 1000 µm (OR 3.53; P < 0.001) or Sm2–3 (OR 2.12; P = 0.020), high tumour grade (OR 3.75; P < 0.001), polypoid growth pattern (OR 1.59; P = 0.040), and rectal location of tumour (OR 1.36; P = 0.003) were associated with LNMs.

Conclusion

Distinct histopathological factors associated with nodal metastases in T1 colorectal cancer can aid selection of patients for local excision or major excisional surgery.
Virtual reality simulation in robot-assisted surgery: meta-analysis of skill transfer and predictability of skill
Authors: Schmidt M W , Köppinger K F , Fan C , Kowalewski K -F , Schmidt L P , Vey J , Proctor T , Probst P , Bintintan V V , Müller-Stich B -P , Nickel F
Published: April 2021

Background

The value of virtual reality (VR) simulators for robot-assisted surgery (RAS) for skill assessment and training of surgeons has not been established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify evidence on transferability of surgical skills acquired on robotic VR simulators to the operating room and the predictive value of robotic VR simulator performance for intraoperative performance.

Methods

MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched systematically. Risk of bias was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for Education. Correlation coefficients were chosen as effect measure and pooled using the inverse-variance weighting approach. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the summary effect.

Results

A total of 14 131 potential articles were identified; there were eight studies eligible for qualitative and three for quantitative analysis. Three of four studies demonstrated transfer of surgical skills from robotic VR simulators to the operating room measured by time and technical surgical performance. Two of three studies found significant positive correlations between robotic VR simulator performance and intraoperative technical surgical performance; quantitative analysis revealed a positive combined correlation (r = 0.67, 95 per cent c.i. 0.22 to 0.88).

Conclusion

Technical surgical skills acquired through robotic VR simulator training can be transferred to the operating room, and operating room performance seems to be predictable by robotic VR simulator performance. VR training can therefore be justified before operating on patients.
A systematic review of colorectal multidisciplinary team meetings: an international comparison
Authors: Fehervari M , Hamrang-Yousefi S , Fadel M G , Mills S C , Warren O J , Tekkis P P , Kontovounisios C
Published: April 2021

Background

Colorectal multidisciplinary teams (CR MDTs) were introduced to enhance the cancer care pathway and allow for early investigation and treatment of cancer. However, there are no ‘gold standards’ set for this process. The aim of this study was to review the literature systematically and provide a qualitative analysis on the principles, organization, structure and output of CR MDTs internationally.

Methods

Literature on the role of CR MDTs published between January 1999 and March 2020 in the UK, USA and continental Europe was evaluated. Historical background, structure, core members, education, frequency, patient-selection criteria, quality assurance, clinical output and outcomes were extracted from data from the UK, USA and continental Europe.

Results

Forty-eight studies were identified that specifically met the inclusion criteria. The majority of hospitals held CR MDTs at least fortnightly in the UK and Europe by 2002 and 2005 respectively. In the USA, monthly MDTs became a mandatory element of cancer programmes by 2013. In the UK, USA and in several European countries, the lead of the MDT meeting is a surgeon and core members include the oncologist, specialist nurse, histopathologist, radiologist and gastroenterologist. There were differences observed in patient-selection criteria, in the use of information technology, MDT databases and quality assurance internationally.

Conclusion

CR MDTs are essential in improving the patient care pathway and should express clear recommendations for each patient. However, a form of quality assurance should be implemented across all MDTs.