bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Touching the Violin
Authors: Hanly Peter
Published: October 2018

This essay considers the work of Jean-Luc Nancy on touch as a model for a conception of the musical body. More than a re-emphasizing of the tactile, though, it is possible to show that Nancy’s work enables an understanding of music as touch. The significance of this re-thinking lies in the counterweight it provides to the degradation of music entailed in its digitalized de-materialization. Hegel is seen to be complicit in this degradation.
Gadamer and the Hermeneutics of Early Music Performance
Authors: Thomas Mark J.
Published: October 2018

The success of the early music movement raises questions about performing historical works: Should musicians perform on period instruments and try to reconstruct the original style? If a historically “authentic” performance is impossible or undesirable, what should be the goal of the early music movement? I turn to Gadamer to answer these questions by constructing the outlines of a hermeneutics of early music performance. In the first half of the paper, I examine Gadamer’s critique of historical reconstruction and argue that this critique sheds light on mistaken tendencies and misunderstandings within the early music movement, but it does not discredit the movement as such. In the second half of the paper, I attempt to show how Gadamer’s dialogical account of historical consciousness provides a framework for understanding what historically informed performance is seeking to accomplish, as well as its advantage over a Nietzschean approach.
Postcolonial Capitalism and the Politics of Dispossession
Authors: Aung Geoffrey
Published: October 2018

This article examines the trajectory of struggles over land and resources in Dawei, a town in southern Myanmar. The site of a major special economic zone project, Dawei has seen sustained mobilisation around displacement, dispossession and environmental degradation, against the backdrop of national political and economic reforms. Recently, scholars have argued that earlier visions of postcolonial transition have lost their empirical and political purchase, as farmers dispossessed of land increasingly become excluded from formal capitalist production. What happens to politics and political form if dynamics of exclusion, rather than transition, organise political activity under today’s conditions of accumulation? Repurposing Kalyan Sanyal’s concept of postcolonial capitalism, this article describes and theorises the politics of dispossession in Dawei. Tracing the political activities of activist groups and villagers, it argues that two contrasting political trajectories—one secular–egalitarian, one situational–differential—constitute a heterogeneous political field, reflecting the complexity of postcolonial capitalism itself.
A new genus and species of clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Ethiopia
Authors: GORBUNOV OLEG G.
Published: October 2018

A new genus and species from the tribe Synanthedonini (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) is described and illustrated from Ethiopia: Jerbeia darkovi gen. et sp. nov. The new genus differs from the all known Afrotropical sesiid genera in the combination of the following characters: parallel veins R1–R3 of the forewing, the valva of the male genitalia with a ventral crista and the vesica is armed with flat dentate cornuti. The type series, which consists of 12 males, was collected with the help of artificial sex attractants. The female and the larval bionomics are unknown.
Revision of the tree crickets of China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
Authors: LIU XIAO-TONG , JING JUN , XU YUE , LIU YUN-FEI , HE ZHU-QING
Published: October 2018

Eight species of tree crickets are reviewed from China including Oecanthus antennalis, O. euryelytra, O. longicauda, O. similator, O. turanicus, O. zhengi, O. oceanicus He sp. nov. and Xabea levissima. Calling songs and COI genes of all species are compared. Keys to species are given by morphology and songs. New species is posited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU). The state of O. sinensis is discussed. O. latipennis Liu, Yin & Xia, 1994 is a junior homonym of O. latipennis Riley, 1881.
A new species of Aculus mite (Acari: Eriophyidae), a potential biocontrol agent for Australian swamp stonecrop, Crassula helmsii (Crassulaceae)
Authors: KNIHINICKI DANUTA K. , PETANOVIĆ RADMILA , CVRKOVIĆ TATJANA , VARIA SONAL
Published: October 2018

A new, gall-forming eriophyoid mite species is described from Australia. Aculus crassulae sp. nov. was found causing significant leaf deformation in Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne (Crassulaceae), a semi-aquatic, succulent plant. Native to Australia and New Zealand, this plant is now a highly invasive weed in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. The host specificity of the new mite species, and damage caused to the host plant, infer its potential to be a valuable biological control agent in countries where Australian swamp stonecrop is threatening native flora. The species description provided here, which also includes a revised diagnosis for the genus Aculus, incorporates line drawings and scanning electron micrographs (SEM). This is supplemented by a partial mitochondrial gene sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) and the sequence was compared with Aculus amygdali Xue & Hong and Aculus ichnocarpi (Ghosh & Chakrabarati) available in the NCBI database. Pairwise comparison of mtCOI sequences between A. crassulae sp. nov. and two congeneric species revealed 22.6% and 23.1% genetic divergence, respectively.
Patterns, Impacts, and Future Projections of Summer Variability in the Arctic from CMIP5 Models
Authors: Cai Lei , Alexeev Vladimir A. , Walsh John E. , Bhatt Uma S.
Published: October 2018

Thirty models in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are evaluated for their performances in reproducing two summertime atmospheric circulation patterns in the Arctic: the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Arctic dipole (AD). The reference AO and AD are extracted from the ERA-Interim dataset (1979–2016). Model evaluation is conducted during the historical period (1901–2005). Models are ranked by a combined metrics approach based on two pattern correlation coefficients (PCCs) and two explained variances for the AO and AD, respectively. In the projected period (2006–2100), most models produce a positive trend for the AO index and a negative trend for the AD index in summer. The models ranked higher based on the combined metrics ranking show greater consistency and smaller values in the magnitudes of trends of AO and AD than the lower-ranked ones. The projected trends in the AO and AD contribute to a slight increase, if not a decrease, of the air temperature and an acceleration of precipitation increase in the twenty-first century over Arctic Alaska, which is the reverse of over the Barents and Kara Seas. Changes in the AO and AD are relatively minor contributing factors to the projected temperature and precipitation changes in the Arctic, among which the changes in the AD play a bigger role than those in the AO. The summer AO and AD have a stronger impact on the spatial asymmetry of the precipitation field than on the air temperature field.
Progress in Forecast Skill at Three Leading Global Operational NWP Centers during 2015–17 as Seen in Summary Assessment Metrics (SAMs)
Authors: Hoffman Ross N. , Kumar V. Krishna , Boukabara Sid-Ahmed , Ide Kayo , Yang Fanglin , Atlas Robert
Published: October 2018

The summary assessment metric (SAM) method is applied to an array of primary assessment metrics (PAMs) for the deterministic forecasts of three leading numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers for the years 2015–17. The PAMs include anomaly correlation, RMSE, and absolute mean error (i.e., the absolute value of bias) for different forecast times, vertical levels, geographic domains, and variables. SAMs indicate that in terms of forecast skill ECMWF is better than NCEP, which is better than but approximately the same as UKMO. The use of SAMs allows a number of interesting features of the evolution of forecast skill to be observed. All three centers improve over the 3-yr period. NCEP short-term forecast skill substantially increases during the period. Quantitatively, the effect of the 11 May 2016 NCEP upgrade to the four-dimensional ensemble variational data assimilation (4DEnVar) system is a 7.37% increase in the probability of improved skill relative to a randomly chosen forecast metric from 2015 to 2017. This is the largest SAM impact during the study period. However, the observed impacts are within the context of slowly improving forecast skill for operational global NWP as compared to earlier years. Clearly, the systems lagging ECMWF can improve, and there is evidence from SAMs in addition to the 4DEnVar example that improvements in forecast and data assimilation systems are still leading to forecast skill improvements.
Modal shape measurement of fiber-reinforced composite plate with high efficiency and precision based on laser linear scanning method
Authors: Li Hui , Chang Yongle , Xu Zhonghao , Zhu Qingyu , Wen Bangchun
Published: October 2018

The laser linear scanning method is proposed to measure the modal shape of fiber-reinforced composite thin plate with high efficiency and precision. First, by establishing the laser scanning frame model of the composite plate, the corresponding extraction principle of modal shape data and laser scanning rate selection criterion are explained in detail to clarify the theoretical principle of laser linear scanning method. The corresponding test procedure of modal shape, drawing method from the shape scanning data, and control method of the constant laser scanning rate are also proposed based on the developed laser linear scanning system. Then, a TC300 carbon fiber/resin composite thin plate is taken as a research object to verify the effectiveness and reliability of such a method, through comparing the results obtained by the traditional experimental modal method and finite element method. Moreover, the influences of constraint boundary condition, excitation level, laser scanning rate, scanning spacing, scanning path mode, the fiber angles, and fiber material damage on modal shape results are also discussed. It has been found that laser linear scanning method can improve test efficiency of modal shape of the composite plate with high preciseness. Except for scanning path mode, the other parameters have a major impact on each shape morphology, and their effects can be quantitatively analyzed by identifying the positions and clarity of nodal lines of each modal shape. Especially, the high-density modal shape results and their equal amplitude lines in different projection views can be used to determine whether or not the composite plate is damaged as well as its damaged degrees.
Emotion Regulation Strategies in Depression and Somatization Disorder
Authors: Davoodi Elham , Wen Alainna , Dobson Keith S. , Noorbala Ahmad A. , Mohammadi Abolfazl , Farahmand Zahra
Published: October 2018

Scant research has investigated emotion regulation strategies in somatization disorder, despite its high comorbidity with depression and the growing interest in this topic in depression. The present study investigated emotion regulation strategies in patients with major depression and somatization disorder using clinical samples to examine common vulnerability factors and to provide evidence for difficulties in emotion regulation as transdiagnostic factors in these disorders. Patients with major depressive disorder ( n = 30) and patients with somatization disorder ( n = 30) completed measures of putatively adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategy use. Patients with somatization disorder showed higher scores on measures of regulatory strategies, as measured by the sum of adaptive strategies in the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire as well as the following subscales: positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, and refocusing on a plan. After controlling for levels of current depression, the significant effects remained for positive refocusing. Depression symptom severity was significantly and negatively correlated with most adaptive strategies and positively correlated with most maladaptive strategies. The current results provide preliminary data for a similar pattern of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies usage in these two disorders. The results also contribute to theories of psychopathology and our understanding of critical cognitive and emotional processes.
Repurposing beauty pageants: The colonial geographies of Filipina pageants in Canada
Authors: Farrales May
Published: October 2018

This paper considers how notions of beauty and performances at pageants transform as they move across different colonial times and spaces. It examines how gender, racial, and sexual subjectivities take shape among cisgender Filipina women who participate and organize community-based pageants on the traditional and ancestral territories of the Musqueam, Skxwú7mesh, and Tsleil-Waututh peoples (Vancouver, Canada). I analyze observations and interviews conducted with Filipina/os who organize and participate in community pageants. Based on this examination, I argue that spatial processes make apparent the shifting nature of gendered, racialized, and sexualized pageant performances. Pageant ideals change with migration as white heteropatriarchal logics, which are enmeshed in settler colonial projects of Canada, make grooves into the ways Filipino gendered sexualities come to be in Canada. More broadly, the paper speaks to the ways in which power works with and through space through the logics of race, gender, and sexuality. It outlines how racialized women’s feminine heterosexuality is made legible by liberal scripts designed for immigrants in the white settler colonial context of Canada. Thus, the paper sets in motion questions of how intersections of power are shaped by contemporary forms of colonialism.
A structured exercise programme combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching or static stretching in posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Birinci Tansu , Razak Ozdincler Arzu , Altun Suleyman , Kural Cemal
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

To compare the different stretching techniques, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and static stretching, in patients with elbow stiffness after a treated elbow fracture.

Design:

Randomized-controlled, single-blind study.

Setting:

Department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation.

Subjects:

Forty patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness (24 women; mean age, 41.34 ± 7.57 years).

Intervention:

PNF stretching group ( n = 20), hold-relax PNF stretching combined with a structured exercise programme (two days per week for six weeks); static stretching group ( n = 20), static stretching combined with a structured exercise programme (two days per week for six weeks).

Main measures:

The primary outcome is the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). The secondary outcomes are active range of motion (AROM), visual analogue scale (VAS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Short Form-12 and Global Rating of Change. Participants were assessed at baseline, after a six-week intervention period and one-month later (follow-up).

Results:

After treatment, improvement in the mean DASH score was slightly better in the PNF stretching group (8.66 ± 6.15) compared with the static stretching group (19.25 ± 10.30) ( p = 0.03). The overall group-by-time interaction for the 2 × 3 mixed-model analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was also significant for elbow flexion AROM (mean change for PNF stretching group; static stretching group; 41.10, 34.42, p = 0.04), VAS-rest (–1.31, –1.08, p = 0.03) and VAS-activity (–3.78, –3.47, p = 0.01) in favour of PNF stretching group. The other outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated that the structured exercise programme combined with PNF stretching might be effective in patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness with regard to improving function, elbow flexion AROM, pain at rest and during activity.
Epidemiological Evaluation of Meniscal Ramp Lesions in 3214 Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Injured Knees From the SANTI Study Group Database: A Risk Factor Analysis and Study of Secondary Meniscectomy Rates Following 769 Ramp Repairs
Authors: Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand , Praz Cesar , Rosenstiel Nikolaus , Blakeney William G. , Ouanezar Herve , Kandhari Vikram , Vieira Thais Dutra , Saithna Adnan
Published: October 2018

Background:

Ramp lesions are characterized by disruption of the peripheral meniscocapsular attachments of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. Ramp repair performed at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been shown to improve knee biomechanics.

Purpose:

The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for ramp lesions among a large series of patients undergoing ACLR. Secondary objectives were to determine the reoperation rate for failure of ramp repair, defined by subsequent reoperations for partial medial meniscectomy.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All patients underwent transnotch posteromedial compartment evaluation of the knee during ACLR. Ramp repair was performed if a lesion was detected. Potentially important risk factors were analyzed for their association with ramp lesions. A secondary analysis of all patients who underwent ramp repair and had a minimum follow-up of 2 years was undertaken to determine the secondary partial meniscectomy rate for failed ramp repair.

Results:

The overall incidence of ramp lesions in the study population was 23.9% (769 ramp lesions among 3214 patients). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of ramp lesions was significantly associated with the following risk factors: male sex, patients aged <30 years, revision ACLR, chronic injuries, preoperative side-to-side laxity >6 mm, and concomitant lateral meniscal tears. The secondary meniscectomy rate was 10.8% at a mean follow-up of 45.6 months (range, 24.2-66.2 months). Patients who underwent ACLR + anterolateral ligament reconstruction had a >2-fold reduction in the risk of reoperation for failure of ramp repair as compared with patients who underwent isolated ACLR (hazard ratio, 0.457; 95% CI, 0.226-0.864; P = .021).

Conclusion:

There is a high incidence of ramp lesions among patients undergoing ACLR. The identification of important risk factors for ramp lesions should help raise an appropriate index of suspicion and prompt posteromedial compartment evaluation. The overall secondary partial meniscectomy rate after ramp repair is 10.8%. Anterolateral ligament reconstruction appears to confer a protective effect on the ramp repair performed at the time of ACLR and results in a significant reduction in secondary meniscectomy rates.
Evaluating the Outcomes of Rotator Cuff Repairs With Polytetrafluoroethylene Patches for Massive and Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Seker Vasanth , Hackett Lisa , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A.C.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears are difficult to manage surgically. One technique is to use a synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch to bridge the tear. However, there is little information regarding the outcomes of this procedure.

Purpose:

To determine the ≥2-year outcomes of patients for whom synthetic patches were used as tendon substitutes to bridge irreparable rotator cuff defects.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study used prospectively collected data. Patients included those with a synthetic patch inserted as an interposition graft for large and/or irreparable rotator cuff tears with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Standardized assessment of shoulder pain, function, range of motion, and strength was performed preoperatively, at 6 and 12 weeks, and at 6 months and ≥2 years. Radiograph and ultrasound were performed preoperatively, at 6 months, and ≥2 years.

Results:

At a mean of 36 months, 58 of 68 eligible patients were followed up, and 53 of 58 (90%) patches remained in situ. Three patches failed at the patch-tendon interface, while 1 patient (2 shoulders/patches) went on to have reverse total shoulder replacements. Patient-ranked shoulder stiffness ( P < .001), frequency of pain with activity and sleep ( P < .0001), level of pain at rest and overhead ( P < .0001), and overall shoulder function improved from bad to very good ( P < .0001) by 6 months. Supraspinatus (mean ± SEM: 29 ± 16 N to 42 ± 13 N) and external rotation (39 ± 13 N to 59 ± 15 N) strength were the most notable increases at the ≥2-year follow-up ( P < .0001). Passive range of motion also improved by 49% to 67%; forward flexion, from 131° to 171°; abduction, from 117° to 161°; external rotation, from 38° to 55°; and internal rotation, from L3 to T10 ( P < .0001) preoperatively to ≥2 years. The most improvement in passive range of motion occurred between 12 months and ≥2 years. The mean (SD) Constant-Murley score was 90 (12), while the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 95 (8).

Conclusion:

At 36 months postoperatively, patients who had synthetic patches used as tendon substitutes to bridge irreparable rotator cuff defects reported less pain and greater overall shoulder function as compared with preoperative assessments. They demonstrated improved range of passive motion and improved strength. The data support the hypothesis that the technique of using a synthetic PTFE patch to bridge a large and/or irreparable tear has good construct integrity and improves patient and clinical outcomes.
Embodied emotions between constructivism and ontologism: A reflection from the sociology of Alberto Melucci
Authors: Rebughini Paola , Scribano Adrian
Published: October 2018

This article investigates the issue of embodied emotions in social sciences, in a context characterized by increasing theoretical attention to overcoming the nature/culture dualism, but also by a growing dualism between constructivist and ontological approaches to emotions. We take as pivot of the analysis the way in which this topic has been debated by the Italian sociologist Alberto Melucci. The first section of the article locates the work of Melucci in the current debate on the ‘affective’ and ‘ontological’ turns with their impacts on the conceptualization of body and emotions. The second section focuses on the specificity of Melucci’s constructivist approach in comparison with current combinations of radical constructivism and ontological references at the basis of the ‘affective turn’, and highlights the role that Melucci gives to social movements as collective emotional experiences; the third section historicizes his fieldwork and theoretical approach, while the fourth section analyses how the issue of embodied emotions relates to Melucci’s conceptualization of action and subjectivation. Overall, the aim of this article is not to conduct a thorough cartography of sociological debate on emotions, nor to be a general overview of the sociology of Melucci; rather, it intends to highlight how Melucci’s approach to investigating emotions from collective action can furnish a different perspective on the current affective turn in social sciences.
Selection of recycling centre locations by using the interval type-2 fuzzy sets and two-objective genetic algorithm
Authors: Tadić Danijela , Đorđević Aleksandar , Aleksić Aleksandar , Nestić Snežana
Published: October 2018

In the sense of contemporary industrial challenges, it may be said that many issues in the field of recycling may be analysed. In this paper, the model for choosing locations for construction of recycling centres equipped with new technology is proposed. The considered problem may be stated as a two-objective optimization problem, if the optimization criteria are presented as total distance and the overall suitability index sum. The relative importance and values of possible locations’ attributes are described by pre-defined linguistic expressions, and modelled by interval triangular type-2 fuzzy numbers. Type-2 fuzzy numbers provide a possibility to incorporate the uncertainty of membership functions into the fuzzy set theory. The procedure for determination of the overall suitability index is proposed. Selection of the most appropriate locations is achieved by a two-objective genetic algorithm, since it is very suitable for the routing issues. The proposed model application is illustrated with the real-life data that come from a few regions in Serbia.
Convective heat-transfer rate and surface pressure distribution over a cone model at hypersonic speeds
Authors: Saiprakash M , SenthilKumar C , Balu G , Shanmugam V , Rampratap Singh Prakash , sunil G Kadam
Published: October 2018

In this article, experiments are carried out in a hypersonic shock tunnel with helium as driver gas and air as the test gas to obtain the convective heating rate and surface pressure distribution on a cone model placed at hypersonic speed. Test is performed in hypersonic shock tunnel for a flow Mach number of 6.5 at two different angles of attack, 0° and 5°. The sputtered thin film platinum sensors are used to measure the heat flux on a cone model. The measured heat-transfer rate compares well with theoretically estimated values using reference enthalpy method and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The measured surface pressure compares well with CFD.
Numerical study of the influence of geometric form of chimney on the performance of a solar updraft tower power plant
Authors: Jameei A , Akbarzadeh P , Zolfagharzadeh H , Eghbali SR
Published: October 2018

Today, solar radiation is known as an important renewable energy which can be exploited in several ways such as solar updraft tower power plants, photovoltaic power plants, etc. In a solar updraft tower power plant, sunshine heats the air beneath a wide collector surrounding a tall tower and causes a hot air updraft in the tower by the chimney effect. This airflow drives wind turbines, placed almost in the chimney base, to produce electricity. In this study, the effect of the geometric form of the chimney on the performance of one solar updraft tower power plant is numerically investigated. Regarding the importance of the kinetic power of the hot air on power generation, it is intended to increase the air velocity by varying the forms of the chimney without changing the main dimensions of solar updraft tower power plant such as tower height and collector geometries. This approach may decrease the financial costs of the solar updraft tower power plant. For the numerical simulations, a finite volume computational fluid dynamics code solves the governing equations on an axisymmetric pi-shape domain (15° of whole geometry). To validate the results, the Manzanares solar updraft tower power plant experimental data are utilized. In this study, 15 forms of chimney based on a logical three-step procedure (from a basic cylindrical to a parabolic form) are examined. So, an appropriate/final form with a parabolic curve of chimney wall with divergence angle is obtained. Results indicate that the final form has the highest updraft air velocity. In fact, the average updraft air velocity increases from 15.66 m/s for the basic form to the value of 23.36 m/s (around 49.17% increments) for the final form.
Joint modeling of multiple repeated measures and survival data using multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model
Authors: Wang Jue , Luo Sheng
Published: October 2018

Impairment caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is multidimensional (e.g. bulbar, fine motor, gross motor) and progressive. Its multidimensional nature precludes a single outcome to measure disease progression. Clinical trials of ALS use multiple longitudinal outcomes to assess the treatment effects on overall improvement. A terminal event such as death or dropout can stop the follow-up process. Moreover, the time to the terminal event may be dependent on the multivariate longitudinal measurements. In this article, we develop a joint model consisting of a multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model (MLTLMM) for the multiple longitudinal outcomes, and a proportional hazards model with piecewise constant baseline hazard for the event time data. Shared random effects are used to link together two models. The model inference is conducted using a Bayesian framework via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in Stan language. Our proposed model is evaluated by simulation studies and is applied to the Ceftriaxone study, a motivating clinical trial assessing the effect of ceftriaxone on ALS patients.
Obligatory Nasal Turbulence as a Trigger for the Development of Posterior Nasal Fricatives in a Child With Repaired Cleft Palate
Authors: Zajac David J.
Published: October 2018

Posterior nasal fricatives (PNFs) are unusual articulations that occur in some children with and without cleft palate. The etiology of PNFs is unclear. A young girl with repaired cleft palate is described who exhibited inconsistent obligatory nasal turbulence during production of stops at 2 years of age. At 3 years of age, she exhibited various phonological processes and used PNFs to replace sibilants and affricates. Pressure-flow testing showed a relatively small velopharyngeal area during production of stops. These observations are consistent with obligatory nasal turbulence triggering the development of PNFs as an unusual phonological process, perhaps facilitated by reduced hearing.
Updates and novel treatments in urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Hanna Kirollos S
Published: October 2018

Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary system and is the sixth most common cancer in the USA. Over a decade prior to 2016, the standard of care for early disease consisted of transuretheral resection of the bladder tumor with or without intravesicular chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Systemic chemotherapies such as gemcitabine and cisplatin combinations or dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin were reserved for recurrent, muscle-invasive, advanced or metastatic disease. Novel treatment approaches for UC have significantly impacted the management of patients. In 2016–2017, five immune checkpoint inhibitors marked a new paradigm in the treatment of UC for patients with advanced or metastatic disease or who are unable to tolerate platinum-based chemotherapy. Most recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration set restrictions on two commonly utilized checkpoint inhibitors, atezolizumab and pembrolizumab, in the first-line setting in patients with UC due to decreased survival associated with low expression of the protein programmed death ligand 1. Furthermore, Breakthrough Therapy Designations have been granted for enfortumab vedotin and erdafitinib for patients following platinum-based chemotherapy and those with fibroblast growth factor receptor mutated UC, respectively. Additional updates include dose-dense gemcitabine and cisplatin for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and preoperative checkpoint blockade. This article will review the available data on updates in the treatment of UC and future direction of therapies.
Disconnects in Megaregional Freight Planning Are Holding Back the Louisiana Gulf Coast
Authors: Stich Bethany M. , Webb Peter
Published: October 2018

The megaregion has emerged as the preferred unit of analysis for freight transportation and global trade. In the United States, trade and transportation barriers of state boundaries can impede the formation of megaregions, resulting in the hampering of economic development. As a preliminary investigation of the Gulf Coast megaregion, we performed a content analysis of the relationship between freight-related themes in the comprehensive and long-range plans for the metropolitan areas and the respective 11 parishes (counties) in southeastern Louisiana. Our results indicated a slight correlation between freight transportation infrastructure resources and theme frequencies in the histograms, but an overall lack of planning focus on freight infrastructure or trade capacities throughout the study area. Although freight transportation is becoming important federally, Louisiana state and local governments do not fully plan for it, leading to outdated transportation systems, inefficiency, and congestion.
Peer Perceptions of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Griffin Whitney B.
Published: October 2018

This quasi-experimental study investigated behavioral intentions of 70 middle school participants toward engaging in activities with a student displaying characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a video vignette. Three video conditions were investigated: moderate to severe ASD, high-functioning ASD, and a typically developing control. Results of an analysis of variance indicated that participants reported significantly higher behavioral intentions toward the typically developing student and the student displaying more severe ASD symptomatology as compared to the student depicting high-functioning ASD. Participants were also able to differentially rate the behaviors they observed across the three conditions. These findings suggest that peers are capable of distinguishing among different behaviors typically displayed by students with ASD but may be less willing to socially engage with a student with mild or subtler characteristics. Implications regarding essential elements of interventions for peers based on the target student’s level of functioning are discussed.
Defying transparency: Ghostwriting from the Jazz Age to social media
Authors: Carvalho John , Chung Angie , Koliska Michael
Published: October 2018

Ghostwriting became a popular practice in sports journalism during the 1920s, as championed by sports press agent Christy Walsh. The practice has re-emerged in the 21st century, in social media and particularly as demonstrated by the new website The Players’ Tribune. Its popularity encourages ethical discussion about ghostwriting’s conflation of journalism and public relations, and the ethical debate it incites. Particular attention centers on the core journalism value of transparency, as it relates to both professions. The article posits that the blurring of professional boundaries between public relations and journalism can have detrimental effects to the credibility of both fields. The authors call for greater transparency in the use of ghostwriting, particularly when used in a sports journalism setting.
Characterization of temporal variations and feedback timescales of exhaust gas recirculation gas properties using high-speed diode laser absorption spectroscopy for next-cycle control of cyclic variability
Authors: Jatana Gurneesh S , Kaul Brian C
Published: October 2018

Dilute combustion offers efficiency gains in boosted gasoline direct injection engines both through knock-limit extension and thermodynamic advantages (i.e. the effect of γ on cycle efficiency), but is limited by cyclic variability at high dilution levels. Past studies have shown that the cycle-to-cycle dynamics are a combination of deterministic and stochastic effects. The deterministic causes of cyclic variations, which arise from feedback due to exhaust gas recirculation, imply the possibility of using active control strategies for dilution limit extension. While internal exhaust gas recirculation will largely provide a next-cycle effect (short-timescale feedback), the feedback of external exhaust gas recirculation will have an effect after a delay of several cycles (long timescale). Therefore, control strategies aiming to improve engine stability at dilution limit may have to account for both short- and long-timescale feedback pathways. This study shows the results of a study examining the extent to which variations in exhaust gas recirculation composition are preserved along the exhaust gas recirculation flow path and thus the relative importance and information content of the long-timescale feedback pathway. To characterize the filtering or retention of cycle-resolved feedback information, high-speed (1–5 kHz) CO2 concentration measurements were performed simultaneously at three different locations along the low-pressure external exhaust gas recirculation loop of a four-cylinder General Motors gasoline direct injection engine using a multiplexed two-color diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensor system during steady-state and transient engine operation at various exhaust gas recirculation levels. It was determined that cycle-resolved feedback propagates through internal residual gases but is filtered out by the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation flow system and do not reach the intake manifold. Intermediate variations driven by flow rate and compositional changes are also distinguished and identified.
Quantitative analysis of the polymeric blends
Authors: Kisiel Maciej , Mossety-Leszczak Beata , Frańczak Agnieszka , Szczęch Dominik
Published: October 2018

A method of quantitative analysis of polypropylene/linear low density polyethylene blends was determined by using differential scanning calorimetry. The samples were prepared by means of extrusion process. The method of quantitative analysis was based on the principle that the melting enthalpies of the components in the mixture are proportional to their amount, but it has been found that the presence of two polymers in the blend has influence on the crystallization of its components. Previous studies seemed to neglect this phenomenon, so a linear correlation allowing to eliminate discrepancies between calculated and actual quantitative blend composition has been developed. This approach was proven to be more accurate than earlier directly proportional enthalpy—quantity dependence.
Changes in prostate apparent diffusion coefficient values during radiotherapy after neoadjuvant hormones
Authors: McPartlin Andrew , Kershaw Lucy , McWilliam Alan , Taylor Marcus Ben , Hodgson Clare , van Herk Marcel , Choudhury Ananya
Published: October 2018

Background:

Changes in prostate cancer apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide a noninvasive method for assessing radiotherapy response. This may be attenuated by neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NA-HT). We investigate ADC values measured before, during and after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following NA-HT.

Methods:

Patients with ⩾T2c biopsy-proven prostate cancer receiving 3 months of NA-HT plus definitive radiotherapy were prospectively identified. All underwent ADC-MRI scans in the week before EBRT, in the third week of EBRT and 8 weeks after its completion. Imaging was performed at 1.5 T. The tumour, peripheral zone (PZ) and central zone (CZ) of the prostate gland were identified and median ADC calculated for each region and time point.

Results:

Between September and December 2014, 15 patients were enrolled (median age 68.3, range 57–78) with a median Gleason score of 7 (6–9) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis 14 (3–197) ng/ml. Median period of NA-HT prior to first imaging was 96 days (69–115). All patients completed treatment. Median follow up was 25 months (7–34), with one patient relapsing in this time. Thirteen patients completed all imaging as intended, one withdrew after one scan and another missed the final imaging. PZ and CZ could not be identified in one patient. Median tumour ADC before, during and post radiotherapy was 1.24 × 10−3 mm2/s (interquartile range 0.16 × 10−3 mm2/s), 1.31 × 10−3 mm2/s (0.22 × 10−3 mm2/s), then 1.32 × 10−3 mm2/s (0.13 × 10−3 mm2/s) respectively ( p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between median tumour and PZ or CZ ADC at any point. Gleason score did not correlate with ADC values.

Conclusions:

Differences in ADC parameters of normal and malignant tissue during EBRT appear attenuated by prior NA-HT. The use of changes in ADC as a predictive tool in this group may have limited utility.
The Role of the Educational Leadership Program Coordinator (PC) in University–K-12 School District Partnership Development
Authors: Coleman Lisa B. , Reames Ellen
Published: October 2018

The researchers explored educational leadership program coordinator (PC) roles in developing university–K-12 school district partnerships. Little is known in regards to the PC’s role in educational leadership preparation programs, and there is even less evidence of the PC’s role in K-12 school district partnership development. This burden appears to have fallen in the educational leadership PC’s wheelhouse. Using the Barnett et al.’s partnership model as the framework, the researchers examined the PC’s role. Facilitating and hindering factors of sustainable partnerships were identified and investigated. Study outcomes suggested the PC is the chief collaborator in fostering K-12 school district partnerships.
Giant Frontal Sinus Osteomas: Demographic, Clinical Presentation, and Management of 10 Cases
Authors: Nguyen Sally , Nadeau Sylvie
Published: October 2018

Background

Osteomas are rare benign and slow-growing osteogenic tumors mainly involving frontal and ethmoid sinuses.

Objectives

The primary objective of our study is to present the management of cases of giant frontal sinus osteomas. Secondarily, we describe our modified unilateral osteoplastic flap approach without obliteration to remove these osteomas.

Methods

Retrospective chart review at a tertiary academic center (“Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jésus”) from July 2006 to October 2016. Demographics characteristics, tumor characteristics, presenting symptoms, frontal sinus surgery technique (osteoplastic flap, endoscopic surgery, or a combination of both), and outcomes of giant frontal sinus osteomas (≥30 mm) were recorded. For laterally placed osteomas, tumors with posterior wall involvement, orbital roof involvement, or intracranial extension, the modified unilateral osteoplastic flap approach was used. A decision-making algorithm is proposed for the choice of surgical approach.

Results

Ten giant frontal osteomas were analyzed (7 men and 3 women). The mean age at diagnosis was 38 years old (range, 24–55 years; median, 39 years; standard deviation, 11 years). The most common presenting symptom was headache (43% of symptomatic patients). Five patients had complications preoperatively due to tumoral extension (sinusitis, cellulitis, mucocele, optic nerve compression, and convulsions). One patient was treated endoscopically, 3 patients had an open approach and 6 patients had a combined technique. One patient experienced a postoperative complication (local infection treated with oral antibiotics). Six patients had minimal residual tumor with one patient needing reoperation.

Conclusion

Osteomas are rare paranasal sinus tumors. Due to the proximity to noble structures, a giant frontal osteoma should be managed surgically. The modified unilateral osteoplastic flap without obliteration offers good long-term surgical and aesthetic results. Osteomas are not known for malignant transformation and recurrences are rare; thus, subtotal resection is warranted and safe when a cleavage plan is not found.
Severe obesity in children as an independent risk factor for perioperative respiratory adverse events during anaesthesia for minor non-airway surgery, a retrospective observational study
Authors: Raghavan Kavitha , Moo Daphne Xin Ying , Tan Zihui
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to quantify grades of obesity and their independent effects on perioperative adverse events in children having ambulatory minor non-airway surgery.

Methods:

After obtaining ethics committee approval, we selected every tenth child aged 2 to 16 years who was identified as having been a day case between January 2012 and December 2014. Weight groups were defined based on age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points. A sample size of 1102 was calculated to demonstrate a three-fold increase in the primary outcome measure, perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events, among obese children, with a power of 80% and an alpha error of 5%. Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used to compare proportions, and independent sample t tests were used to compare means.

Results:

Severely obese children had a significantly higher incidence of perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events when compared to normal-weight children despite no difference in respiratory and other comorbidity. Obese children had higher prevalence of overall medical comorbidities and obstructive sleep apnoea when compared to normal-weight children and there was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events and other outcome measures between obese and normal-weight children.

Conclusions and recommendations:

Severely obese children have a higher risk of perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events even during minor non-airway surgery despite absence of medical comorbidities. We recommend the use of age- and sex- specific BMI cutoffs or BMI percentile charts to identify children who are severely obese to anticipate and prevent major respiratory adverse events.
Arterial Switch Operation With Neoaortic Valve Replacement in a 13-Year Old Patient With Transposition of Great Arteries With Ventricular Septal Defect and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction—A Case Report
Authors: Chowdhuri Kuntal Roy , Daga Manoj Kumar , Mandal Subhendu , Das Pravir , Hoque Amanul , Meur Saumen , Gorain Somenath , Dutta Nilanjan , Iyer Krishna Subramony
Published: October 2018

The surgical management of d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGAs) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is ever evolving and still remains a challenge because of wide anatomic variability, age of presentation, surgical options available, and their variable long-term results in different series. We describe a patient with d-TGA, VSD, and LVOTO who presented to us at 13 years of age and underwent an arterial switch operation along with neoaortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and at hospital discharge, the echocardiogram was satisfactory. We present the pros and cons of this hitherto undescribed treatment option.
The Opioid Epidemic and the Role of the Occupational Health Nurse
Authors: Higgins Sheila A. , Simons Jill
Published: October 2018

The opioid epidemic is a national public health crisis. It began with the misuse of commonly used prescription opioid pain relievers and has led to the increased use of heroin and illicit fentanyl. Large-scale initiatives have begun on the federal and state level and place an emphasis on improved opioid prescribing, which have important implications for the workplace. Treatment of work injury may initiate the use of prescription opioids and result in misuse and possible overdose. Prescription drug abuse affects all aspects of society so potentially any workplace could be affected. A multifaceted approach is needed to reduce opioid morbidity and mortality and the occupational health nurse should be actively involved. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of the epidemic and its impact on health, the challenges for the workplace, and recommended strategies for the occupational health nurse to impact the problem.
Trends in the Association between a College Education and Political Tolerance, 1976–2016
Authors: Campbell Colin , Johnson Jerry
Published: October 2018

In this data visualization, we use data from the General Social Survey to explore long-running trends in the association between a college education and political tolerance toward five groups. For tolerance toward militarists, anti-religionists, communists, and gay men, we show that the tolerance gap between college-educated and non–college educated individuals has narrowed, and this is largely attributable to increased tolerance among the non–college educated. We also find that the tolerance gap toward racists has narrowed; however, this is the result of decreased tolerance among college graduates.