bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition metal complexes as imaging or therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ma Dik-Lung , Wu Chun , Li Guodong , Yung Tsan-Ling , Leung Chung-Hang
Published: February 2020

Neurodegenerative diseases are the result of neurodegeneration, which is the process of losing neuronal functions gradually due to the irreversible damage and death of neurons. Metal complexes have attracted intense interest over recent decades as probes or inhibitors of biomolecules.
Nanowire templated CVD synthesis and morphological control of MoS2 nanotubes
Authors: Jia Xiaofeng , Zhu Xiaofei , Tian Wang , Ding Yaqin , Tian Xiaoqiang , Cheng Bolang , Cheng Li , Bai Suo , Qin Yong
Published: February 2020

A nanowire templated CVD synthesis of MoS2 NTs was developed where morphological control was also achieved.
Electron-injection driven phase transition in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhou Xiangyu , Shu Haibo , Li Qiuqi , Liang Pei , Cao Dan , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: February 2020

Electron injection leads to the transition of two-dimensional MoX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) nanosheets from the semiconducting H phase to semimetallic T′ phase.
Enzyme-instructed assembly of a cholesterol conjugate promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages and induces apoptosis of cancer cells
Authors: Hu Yuan , Wang Huaimin , Li Chenge , Liu Jinyao , Xu Bing , Di Wen
Published: February 2020

Enzyme-instructed assembly that promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages and induces the apoptosis of cancer cells provides a unique method for combination therapy.
Click-tambjamines as efficient and tunable bioactive anion transporters
Authors: Carreira-Barral Israel , Mielczarek Marcin , Alonso-Carrillo Daniel , Capurro Valeria , Soto-Cerrato Vanessa , Pérez Tomás Ricardo , Caci Emanuela , García-Valverde María , Quesada Roberto
Published: February 2020

A novel class of transmembrane anion carriers, the click-tambjamines, display remarkable anionophoric activities in model liposomes and living cells.
Stability, electronic and mechanical properties of chalcogen (Se and Te) monolayers
Authors: Singh Jaspreet , Jamdagni Pooja , Jakhar Mukesh , Kumar Ashok
Published: February 2020

By employing density functional theory, we have explored the stability and electronic and mechanical properties of chalcogen (Se and Te) monolayers.
Inclusion of alkyl nitriles by tetra-armed cyclens with styrylmethyl groups
Authors: Ju Huiyeong , Tenma Honoka , Iwase Miki , Lee Eunji , Ikeda Mari , Kuwahara Shunsuke , Habata Yoichi
Published: February 2020

A new technique for the assignment of the absolute configurations of low [α]D alkyl-nitriles using a Ag+ complex with a tetra-armed cyclen is reported.
Novel microwave synthesis of near-metallic copper sulfide nanodiscs with size control: experimental and DFT studies of charge carrier density
Authors: Sheardy Alex T. , Arvapalli Durga M. , Wei Jianjun
Published: February 2020

A simple one-step microwave-assisted synthesis of CuS nanodiscs with size and optical property control.
High voltage vacuum-processed perovskite solar cells with organic semiconducting interlayers
Authors: Babaei Azin , Dreessen Chris , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J.
Published: February 2020

The effect of n-type interlayers and electrodes on the voltage and stability of fully vacuum-deposited perovskite solar cells is evaluated.
Investigation of K-ion storage performances in a bismuth sulfide-carbon nanotube composite anode
Authors: Hwang Jang-Yeon , Kumar Rudra , Kim Hee Min , Alfaruqi Muhammad Hilmy , Kim JaeKook , Sun Yang-Kook
Published: February 2020

The Bi2S3-CNT composite anode shows reversible K-ion storage capability through the conversion and alloying reaction steps.
Physicochemical, microbial, and aroma characteristics of Chinese pickled red peppers (Capsicum annuum) with and without biofilm
Authors: Zhang Qixian , Zhang Feng , Gong Chuanjie , Tan Xinyi , Ren Yao , Yao Kai , Zhang Qisheng , Chi Yuanlong
Published: February 2020

The aroma profile of PRPs was evaluated by GC-MS, GC-O, AEDA, OVA and spiking test. Biofilm can improve the variety and contents of aroma.
Toward strong self-healing polyisoprene elastomers with dynamic ionic crosslinks
Authors: Miwa Yohei , Kurachi Junosuke , Sugino Yusuke , Udagawa Taro , Kutsumizu Shoichi
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate the principle in the optimization of the molecular structure for the polyisoprene elastomer with dynamic ionic crosslinks to tune the mechanical and autonomous self-healing properties.
Simple organic donors based on halogenated oligothiophenes for all small molecule solar cells with efficiency over 11%
Authors: Duan Tainan , Gao Jie , Xu Tongle , Kan Zhipeng , Chen Wenjing , Singh Ranbir , Kini Gururaj P. , Zhong Cheng , Yu Donghong , Xiao Zhengguo , Xiao Zeyun , Lu Shirong
Published: February 2020

A set of centrally halogenated oligothiophenes were developed for organic solar cells. The devices with a chlorinated donor (2Cl7T) achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to ca. 11.5% (vs. ca. 2.5% for non-halogenated donor DRCN7T).
The Use of the Nasometer and Interpretation of Nasalance Scores
Authors: Watterson Thomas
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The acoustic characteristics of oral–nasal coupling (nasalization) have clinical implications for speech-language pathologists because excessive oral–nasal coupling results in a resonance disorder referred to as
hypernasality
. Nasometry is a tool that allows clinicians to measure the effect of oral–nasal coupling in the clinical setting. This clinical focus article summarizes the large volume of research on nasometry and clarifies its clinical application.

Conclusion

Although the precise relationship between the acoustics of oral–nasal coupling and the perception of hypernasality remains unclear, measuring the acoustic effects of oral–nasal coupling is useful in the evaluation and treatment of resonance disorders.
REBOA – Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta
Authors: Hilbert-Carius Peter , Hauer Thorsten , Josse Florent , Hossfeld Björn , Kulla Martin , Holsträter Thorsten , Knapp Jürgen
Published: February 2020

REBOA stellt eine temporäre Blutungskontrolle bei nicht komprimierbaren Körperstammblutungen des Abdomens, des Beckens oder bei stammnahen Amputationen der unteren Extremität dar. Dieses Verfahren soll in diesem Artikel genauer beleuchtet werden, da es in aktuellen Traumaleitlinien aufgeführt wird.
Die vier Schockformen – Teil 2: kardiogener Schock
Authors: Tharmaratnam Gayathiri , Wunderl Martin , Schebler Karolin , Jacko Tobias , Hossfeld Björn , Gässler Holger
Published: February 2020

Im 2. Teil der Schockformen-Serie wird der kardiogene Schock behandelt. Dieser tritt mit 16% prähospital genauso häufig auf wie der hypovolämische Schock und stellt eine prognostisch relevante Komplikation eines akuten kardialen Ereignisses dar 1. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen beim kardiogenen Schock, die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen sowie erforderliche differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen darzustellen.
Präklinische Einblicke in das Zusammenspiel von Mikrobiota und Verhalten
Authors: Schmidtner Anna K. , Neumann Inga D.
Published: February 2020

Psychische Krankheiten treten heutzutage verstärkt auf, allerdings sind die Grundlagen und Mechanismen der Entwicklung weitestgehend unerforscht. Trotz einer erfolgreichen Behandlung bei den meisten Patienten bleiben 30 % behandlungsresistent, daher evaluiert die Forschung fortlaufend alternative Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Neue Ergebnisse in Nagern zeigen eine veränderte Zusammensetzung der Darmmikrobiota in Tiermodellen für depressionsähnliches Verhalten und eine Adaptation des Verhaltens bei einer Manipulation derselben. Auch in depressiven Patienten ist eine Veränderung der Darmmikrobiota-Komposition zu beobachten. Die Mikrobiota-Darm-Hirn-Achse beschreibt die komplexe Kommunikation zwischen Darm und Gehirn durch verschiedenste Systeme. Eine Dysfunktion der Achsenkomponenten scheint zur Entwicklung psychischer Krankheiten beizutragen und kann daher als neue Behandlungsmöglichkeit dienen. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit demonstrieren wir Nachweise einer Funktion der Mikrobiota-Darm-Hirn-Achse in der Regulation von tierischem Verhalten und diskutieren den potenziellen Effekt dieser Regulation als Nutzen für die pharmakologische Intervention in Patienten.
A Study to Determine Fetal and Newborn Bonding among Postnatal Women Admitted to Selected Hospitals of Udupi District, Karnataka
Authors: Pariat Darihunlang , Shadap Arkierupaia
Published: February 2020

The emotional attachment that develops between a child and the caregiver is the first nonverbal interactive relationship of one’s life. The bonding, which develops at this stage, would determine how one would relate to people around, throughout one’s life. The aim of this study was to assess the maternal–neonatal bonding among postnatal mothers and to identify factors affecting bonding among postnatal mothers. The investigators adopted a descriptive survey research design using a purposive sampling technique to collect data from 60 postnatal mothers. Pretesting and reliability of the tool was done and it was found to be reliable. Tools were developed and sent for validation to experts. The data were collected after taking prior administrative permission and consent from the participants. The study findings show that out of 60 postnatal mothers, majority (51.6%) were in the age group of 25 to 30 years. Majority (55%) were multigravida and all (100%) were married. Majority (85.0%) of the mothers had a planned pregnancy,93.3% did not undergo any fertility treatment, and majority (91.7%) of them had a regular antenatal checkup. Of the 60 mothers, 81.6% had a high maternal–neonatal bonding and 18.3% had moderate bonding; none had low bonding. Further, the factors affecting maternal–neonatal bonding were analyzed with the cumulative bonding score. Out of the three factors, only social and emotional factors were included for simple linear regression analysis. Physical factors were excluded as there was no association with that of the cumulative bonding score (r = 0 0.16, p = 0.372). Social and emotional factors affect the maternal–neonatal bonding; with every unit change in emotional factor, there will be 0.447 unit change in the bonding score. Similarly, for every unit change in the social factor, there will be 0.453 unit change in the bonding score.
Laser polishing of tool steel using a continuous-wave laser assisted by a steady magnetic field
Authors: Xiao Haibing , Zhou Yongquan , Liu Mingjun , Xu Xiaomei
Published: February 2020

Continuous-wave (CW) lasers are widely used in laser polishing, but with CW laser polishing, it is difficult to reduce the surface roughness to 0.2 µm from an original value exceeding 1.0 µm. The aim of this study is to develop an innovative method of laser polishing assisted by a steady magnetic field to overcome that bottleneck and produce smoother surfaces. Two experiments confirm the hypothesis that the molten pool overflows during melting peaks to flow into valleys in CW laser polishing, resulting in secondary roughness that causes the aforementioned quality bottleneck. To either reduce or eliminate this secondary roughness, a steady magnetic field is used during CW laser polishing to suppress the overflow of the molten pool. A three-dimensional surface profiler, a scanning electron microscope, and a nanometer indentation tester are used to characterize and analyze the microstructure and properties of the materials. The experimental results show that the Lorentz force due to the steady magnetic field plays an important suppression role in reducing the secondary roughness.
Generation and modulation of terahertz gradient force in the interactions of two-color laser pulses with magnetized plasmas
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Bo , Qiao Xin , Zhang Ai-Xia , Xue Ju-Kui
Published: February 2020

Terahertz (THz) waves, as far-infrared light, offer new opportunities for the optical trapping and manipulation of single cells, in contrast to the other light sources. We present an efficient scheme to flexibly control multiple THz field distribution patterns generated by the laser–plasma interaction in a magnetized plasma. An analytical THz radiation field and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation are constructed to verify the feasibility of the scheme. Modulation of the THz gradient force and the energy flux by an asymmetrical THz field is investigated for the purpose of trapping and manipulating particles and cells. In particular, the stabilities of flexibly controlled THz radiation are investigated carefully in the form of the strong and short laser and super-strong magnetic field induced significant spatial structure instabilities and frequency instabilities of terahertz radiation.
Reaction field-dependent spin-correlated radical pair model: A new insight into liposomal drug-delivery system
Authors: Nakagawa Hidenori
Published: February 2020

This work was focused on new drug-release potentials associated with phospholipid-bilayer structures and magnetic field effects, as it were, a liposomal nanoparticle model with reaction field-dependent spin-correlated radical pair mechanisms. The release potentials were evaluated by measuring the spectral changes after photoexcitation of anticancer flutamide in the liposomal membrane, as well as utilizing 31P-NMR signals which refers to a paramagnetic Eu-induced shift technique. As it turned out, a close connection between magnetic field effects and Eu3+ osmosis was observed depending on physicochemical reaction field, magnetic field strength, and so on. Reaction field-dependent spin-correlated radical pair mechanisms will find a new light in the future of liposomal drug-delivery system. Not only that, but this innovative methodology must be one of the most adaptable techniques, which may be able to analogize the ultrastructural state of molecular nanoenvironments swiftly and easily.
Controlling domain configuration of the sensing layer for magnetic tunneling junctions by using exchange bias
Authors: Ranjbar Sina , Al-Mahdawi Muftah , Oogane Mikihiko , Ando Yasuo
Published: February 2020

The control of magnetic domain formation and fluctuations in the sensing layer is important to progress for low noise in magnetic tunnel junction sensors. We studied the effect of exchange bias on the domain structure in micro-patterned Permalloy (Py: Ni80Fe20) sensing layer. We deposited single Py films, and Pt48Mn52/Py films, where the latter showed exchange bias. By controlling the thickness of Py, Pt48Mn52 (15nm)/Py (t=235 nm) showed a small coercivity and exchange bias of 7 Oe. After micro-fabrication into circular pillars 80 µm in diameter, we measured the domain structure by Magneto Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) microscopy. MOKE images showed that single Py pillars have a simple closure domain, where the domain wall at the center moved with the applied field. The exchange-biased Py pillars exhibited a more complicated structure, but with fixed domains at the center region due to the exchange bias overcoming the magnetostatic energy. The uniform rotation of magnetization at the center of the sample is promising for decreasing the domain hopping magnetic noise.
Reduction of radiated emission from resonance coil in GaN wireless power transmission circuit by using Nd–Fe–N magnetic material
Authors: Ide Toshihide , Imaoka Nobuyoshi , Oomori Mikio , Ozaki Kimihiro , Shimizu Mitsuaki , Takada Noriyuki
Published: February 2020

In this study, the Nd–Fe–N materials are employed as an electromagnetic shield, for the first time, for the resonance coil in the 13.56-MHz-GaN wireless power transmission circuit. The Nd–Fe–N materials are introduced into the air-core resonance coil as the cap of the edges or the core. By using Nd–Fe–N, the radiated emission from the resonance coil is reduced because the electromagnetic field distribution is shrunk due to the effect of not the imaginary part but the real part of the permeability. When the spectrum of the magnetic field of the resonance coil is measured at the frequency from 30 MHz to 800 MHz, the intensity of the higher harmonics radiated emission is restricted by Nd–Fe–N in all of the frequency ranges. In particular, the Nd–Fe–N capped air-core coil shows the superior characteristics in both the shielding effect and the power loss. In addition, by numerical calculation, it is found that the effect of the electromagnetic shield will be enhanced by increasing the real part of the permeability by optimizing the Nd–Fe–N material fabrication.
Observation of large Larmor radius instability in laser plasma expanding into a 10 T external magnetic field
Authors: Tang Hui-bo , Hu Guang-yue , Liang Yi-han , Wang Yu-lin , Tao Tao , Hu Peng , Yuan Peng , Zhu Ping , Zuo Yang , Zhao Bin , Zheng Jian
Published: February 2020

Flute instability produced by laser plasma expanding in a 10 T external magnetic field was studied in experiments. The plasma was generated by a 0.3 J ns laser ablating an aluminum target. The external magnetic field of approximately 10 T was provided by a pair of Helmholtz coils aligned parallel to the target surface. Initially, the plasma plume expands freely. The external magnetic field confines the plasma plume and, finally, forms a plasma cavity with a sharp plasma–field interface. Flute instability was observed at the plasma–field interface, which presents a salient kinetic feature rather than classical fluid instability. In the initial linear phase, the growth rate of the perturbation has good agreement with Large Larmor radius instability, which is larger than ion gyrofrequency. In the later nonlinear growth phase, the flute instability shows an obvious “fishbone” structure of kinetic instability, and the initial short wavelength perturbation shifts continually to longer wavelength mode and, finally, close to the density scale length. Our experiment reveals a new region of parameter space that reproduces the flute instability in the space experiments of an active magnetospheric particle tracer experiment and a combined release and radiation effects satellite.
Polarization fields in semipolar (202¯1¯) and (202¯1) InGaN light emitting diodes
Authors: Freytag Stefan , Winkler Michael , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Wernicke Tim , Rychetsky Monir , Koslow Ingrid L. , Kneissl Michael , Dinh Duc V. , Corbett Brian , Parbrook Peter J. , Feneberg Martin
Published: February 2020

InxGa1−xN/GaN multiple quantum well structures (x = 0.13 and 0.18) embedded into p–i–n diodes on (202¯1¯) and (202¯1) oriented GaN substrates were investigated by electroreflectance, photocurrent, and electroluminescence. Transition energies in absorption and emission experiments were measured as a function of the polarization orientation of light and applied bias voltage. The results were analyzed by a perturbation theoretical model to determine polarization fields. For the (202¯1¯) sample (x = 0.18), the flatband voltage is found at +1 V corresponding to a polarization field of −458 kV/cm. For the (202¯1) sample (x = 0.13), the polarization field is estimated to be ≈+330 kV/cm at flatband voltage higher than turn-on voltage of this light emitting diode.
Mechanical response induced by flux jump in a cylindrical superconductor
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Xia Jing , Yong Huadong , Zhou Youhe
Published: February 2020

The flux jump in bulk superconductors is accompanied by a rapid change in temperature and magnetic field, which can induce change in electromagnetic bodyforce and thermal stress. It is well known that bulk superconductors are brittle and have low mechanical strength, and thus, large electromagnetic bodyforce and thermal stress can cause damage of the bulk superconductor. In this paper, an electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical multi-physics model is adopted to compute the mechanical response of a bulk superconductor during flux jump in an external magnetic field. The results indicate that the flux jump in the bulk superconductors can also lead to the jump of the average electromagnetic force, temperature, stress, and strain. Meanwhile, it can be found that the flux jump can occur more easily with a faster change in the magnetic field, a lower ambient temperature, and a large-size superconductor. The results also show that the peak value of thermal strain is much larger than the strain generated by electromagnetic bodyforce during the flux jump. In addition, the change in strain has the same trend as that of the temperature. Thus, the strain may also be used to monitor the flux jump.
Ceiling effects on the aerodynamics of a flapping wing with advance ratio
Authors: Meng Xueguang , Zhang Yang , Chen Gang
Published: February 2020

The ceiling effect on the aerodynamics of flapping wings with an advance ratio is investigated by solving the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The aerodynamic forces and flow fields around the model wings flapping in a horizontal plane were simulated at various advance ratios, Reynolds numbers, as well as the distance between the wing and the ceiling. It is found that the ceiling could improve the aerodynamic forces at a low advance ratio and this improvement in aerodynamic forces decreases as the distance between the wings and ceiling increases, similar to the results under hovering condition. However, the flow fields show that the aerodynamic force enhancement is only caused by the increment in the relative velocity of the oncoming flow; the ceiling would no longer enlarge the angle of incidence of the oncoming flow at the range of advance ratios considered, which is different from that under hovering condition. As the advance ratio increases, the enhancement in aerodynamics from the ceiling effect decreases. This is mainly due to the degeneration of the ceiling effect at the outer part of the wing, where the effect of increasing velocity becomes rather small at a high advance ratio. The weakened “increasing velocity effect” is closely associated with the detachment of the leading-edge vortex at the outer part of the wing at a high advance ratio.
Large-area in plane molecular junctions by electrografting in 10 nm metallic nanotrenches
Authors: Dalla Francesca K. , Salhani C. , Timpa S. , Rastikian J. , Suffit S. , Martin P. , Lacroix J.-C. , Lafarge P. , Barraud C. , Della Rocca M. L.
Published: February 2020

A key issue to push molecular devices toward a new range of applications is the ability to master large scale integration while preserving the device’s functionality. Furthermore, providing extra tunability of the device by external parameters, such as gating in a transistor-like configuration, is highly suited for molecular electronics. Large area molecular junctions in crossbar geometry have demonstrated high yields and compatible and compatible fabrication with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. However, such a device’s geometry favors diffusion of metallic atoms in the molecular layer and gives a very limited access to perform electrical or optical gating on molecules. In this work, we propose a new molecular junction architecture going behind these limits. We report a robust approach for the fabrication of molecular junctions based on the electrografting of a nanometer-thick molecular layer in high aspect ratio metallic nanotrenches. Nanotrenches are obtained by edge-mediated shadow deposition, resulting in laterally aligned electrodes with a 10.3 nm ± 3.3 nm average spacing along a 20 μm length. An in-solution electroreduction of diazonium salts is subsequently performed to fill the nanotrenches by a thin oligomeric layer of anthraquinone molecules. Electronic transport measurements performed at room temperature reveal the ability to produce stable molecular devices. Such a new junction’s engineering offers the key advantages of high fabrication yield, great amenability for compact assembly, and reduced leakage current. The proposed architecture opens interesting perspectives to investigate fundamental and applied questions in molecular electronics, in which coupling of the molecules with external stimuli is required.
Higher temperatures lead to easier diffusion of the crucial cysteine amino acid
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: February 2020

Molecular dynamics simulations show temperature effects the diffusion of cysteine amino acids throughout the body.
Soil sorption characteristics of benzobicyclon hydrolysate and estimated leaching risk in soils used for rice production
Authors: Willett Cammy D. , Grantz Erin M. , Sena Matthew G. , Lee Jung Ae , Brye Kristofor R. , Clarke Jessica A.
Published: February 2020

Environmental contextThe behaviour of herbicides in the environment is largely determined by the partitioning of the compounds between soil solids and soil solution. We determined that the rice herbicide-metabolite benzobicyclon hydrolysate partitions more into soil solution, and does so increasingly as pH increases. These results indicate that benzobicyclon hydrolysate is a risk for leaching in much of the rice-producing area in the US mid-South.
AbstractBenzobicyclon hydrolysate (BH) is the major metabolite and active molecule in the pro-herbicide benzobicyclon (BZB), which is pending registration for use in US mid-Southern rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. The current study objectives were to (i) determine BH soil sorption coefficients; (ii) quantify relationships among BH sorption and soil properties; and (iii) estimate leaching potential using calculated retardation factors (RFs). Sorption coefficients for 10 representative Arkansas rice-production soils were determined by batch-equilibration experiments. Soil sorption (KD=0.25–44.3mLg−1), soil organic carbon partitioning (KOC=28.2–7480mLg−1), and soil organic matter partitioning (KOM=17.9–2580mLg−1) coefficients were negatively correlated with soil pH (r=−0.93 – −0.94). Clay and silt were significant secondary regression parameters, accounting for up to 93% of the variation in KD in combination with pH. Clay and silt effects on sorption coefficients increased when regression analyses excluded the lowest pH soil. Soil sorption coefficients were greater in soils with clay ≥27%, which may be a useful parameter for informing herbicide-use rates. Using the calculated RF’s, the estimated depth of leaching over the growing season exceeded the assumed 15-cm plough layer depth in eight of the 10 soils, and only two of the 10 soils had an estimated time to plough layer breakthrough less than the typical six-month growing season (April–September) under average water flux conditions. The results suggest that BH leaching below the plough layer is a potential risk for much of the rice-producing area in the US mid-South.
Contributions of cryptochromes and phototropins to stomatal opening through the day
Authors: Wang Fang , Robson T. Matthew , Casal Jorge J. , Shapiguzov Alexey , Aphalo Pedro J.
Published: February 2020

The UV-A/blue photoreceptors phototropins and cryptochromes are both known to contribute to stomatal opening (Δgs) in blue light. However, their relative contributions to the maintenance of gs in blue light through the whole photoperiod remain unknown. To elucidate this question, Arabidopsis phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 mutants (MTs) and their respective wild types (WTs) were irradiated with 200 μmolm–2s–1 of blue-, green- or red-light (BL, GL or RL) throughout a 11-h photoperiod. Stomatal conductance (gs) was higher under BL than under RL or GL. Under RL, gs was not affected by either of the photoreceptor mutations, but under GL gs was slightly lower in cry1 cry2 than its WT. Under BL, the presence of phototropins was essential for rapid stomatal opening at the beginning of the photoperiod, and maximal stomatal opening beyond 3 h of irradiation required both phototropins and cryptochromes. Time courses of whole-plant net carbon assimilation rate (Anet) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) were consistent with an Anet-independent contribution of BL on gs both in phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 mutants. The changing roles of phototropins and cryptochromes through the day may allow more flexible coordination between gs and Anet.
Dissolution of laves phase by re-austenitization and tempering of creep strength enhanced ferritic steel
Authors: Saini Nitin , Mulik Rahul S. , Mahapatra Manas M. , Sharma Nitin K. , Li Leijun
Published: February 2020

Formation of Laves phase in creep strength enhanced ferritic steel is investigated using re-austenitization and tempering treatment. The as-received material is exposed to 620°C for 4560 h aging, and then  re-austenitizated at 1050°C for 1 h, and followed by tempering at 760°C for different times (2 and 4 h). After re-austenitization and tempering, the dissolution of Laves phase is observed while grain size and microhardness have not changed significantly. A model is suggested to quantify the dissolution of W-containing Laves phase. Thermo-Calc is used to predict driving forces for precipitation of Laves and M23C6 phases.
ALIX- and ESCRT-III–dependent sorting of tetraspanins to exosomes
Authors: Larios Jorge , Mercier Vincent , Roux Aurélien , Gruenberg Jean
Published: February 2020

The intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of endosomes mediate the delivery of activated signaling receptors and other proteins to lysosomes for degradation, but they also modulate intercellular communication when secreted as exosomes. The formation of ILVs requires four complexes, ESCRT-0, -I, -II, and -III, with ESCRT-0, -I, and -II presumably involved in cargo sorting and ESCRT-III in membrane deformation and fission. Here, we report that an active form of the ESCRT-associated protein ALIX efficiently recruits ESCRT-III proteins to endosomes. This recruitment occurs independently of other ESCRTs but requires lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) in vivo, and can be reconstituted on supported bilayers in vitro. Our data indicate that this ALIX- and ESCRT-III–dependent pathway promotes the sorting and delivery of tetraspanins to exosomes. We conclude that ALIX provides an additional pathway of ILV formation, secondary to the canonical pathway, and that this pathway controls the targeting of exosomal proteins.
Regulated changes in material properties underlie centrosome disassembly during mitotic exit
Authors: Mittasch Matthäus , Tran Vanna M. , Rios Manolo U. , Fritsch Anatol W. , Enos Stephen J. , Ferreira Gomes Beatriz , Bond Alec , Kreysing Moritz , Woodruff Jeffrey B.
Published: February 2020

Centrosomes must resist microtubule-mediated forces for mitotic chromosome segregation. During mitotic exit, however, centrosomes are deformed and fractured by those same forces, which is a key step in centrosome disassembly. How the functional material properties of centrosomes change throughout the cell cycle, and how they are molecularly tuned, remain unknown. Here, we used optically induced flow perturbations to determine the molecular basis of centrosome strength and ductility in C. elegans embryos. We found that both properties declined sharply at anaphase onset, long before natural disassembly. This mechanical transition required PP2A phosphatase and correlated with inactivation of PLK-1 (Polo kinase) and SPD-2 (Cep192). In vitro, PLK-1 and SPD-2 directly protected centrosome scaffolds from force-induced disassembly. Our results suggest that, before anaphase, PLK-1 and SPD-2 respectively confer strength and ductility to the centrosome scaffold so that it can resist microtubule-pulling forces. In anaphase, centrosomes lose PLK-1 and SPD-2 and transition to a weak, brittle state that enables force-mediated centrosome disassembly.
Engineering considerations on extrusion-based bioprinting: interactions of material behavior, mechanical forces and cells in the printing needle
Authors: Emmermacher Julia , Spura David , Cziommer Jasmina , Kilian David , Wollborn Tobias , Fritsching Udo , Steingroewer Juliane , Walther Thomas , Gelinsky Michael , Lode Anja
Published: February 2020

Systematic analysis of the extrusion process in 3D bioprinting is mandatory for process optimization concerning production speed, shape fidelity of the 3D construct and cell viability. In this study, we applied numerical and analytical modeling to describe the fluid flow inside the printing head based on a Herschel–Bulkley model. The presented analytical calculation method nicely reproduces the results of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation concerning pressure drop over the printing head and maximal shear parameters at the outlet. An approach with dimensionless flow parameter enables the user to adapt rheological characteristics of a bioink, the printing pressure and needle diameter with regard to processing time, shear sensitivity of the integrated cells, shape fidelity and strand dimension. Bioinks consist of a blend of polymers and cells, which lead to a complex fluid behavior. In the present study, a bioink containing alginate, methylcellulose and agarose (AMA) was used as experimental model to compare the calculated with the experimental pressure gradient. With cultures of an immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell line and plant cells (basil) it was tested how cells influence the flow and how mechanical forces inside the printing needle affect cell viability. Influences on both sides increased with cell (aggregation) size as well as a less spherical shape. This study contributes to a systematic description of the extrusion-based bioprinting process and introduces a general strategy for process design, transferable to other bioinks.
Low-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Mo-5V-3Al-2Fe alloy with various types of secondary α phase
Authors: Zhang Hao-Yu , Zhang Zhi-Peng , Li Zheng-Yuan , Sun Jie , Che Xin , Zhang Si-Qian , Liang Yu , Chen Li-Jia
Published: February 2020

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of a novel near β titanium alloy Ti-6Mo-5V-3Al-2Fe (wt%) with various types of secondary α phase was investigated. Results indicate that No.1 microstructure containing crossed and fine intragranular α, as well as discontinuous GB α, is obtained through low temperature (480 °C) aging treatment. No.2 microstructure containing parallel and coarse intragranular α, as well as parallel WGB α, forms after high temperature (600 °C) aging treatment. Under all strain amplitudes, stress amplitudes and LCF life of the samples with No.1 microstructure are higher than those of the samples with No.2 microstructure. For the samples with No.1 microstructure, more and deeper secondary cracks and dimples form in fatigue crack propagation and fast fracture regions, respectively. Such fatigue fracture behavior reflects a longer LCF life.
Generating large starting configurations for molecular Reverse Monte Carlo modelling of an unique non-linear optical amorphous solid
Authors: Klee B D , Paulus B , Hosokawa S , Wharmby M T , Dornsiepen E , Dehnen S , Pilgrim W-C
Published: February 2020

We report on the recent advances regarding the source code optimization of Reverse Monte Carlo modelling used in scattering data analysis of an amorphous molecular solid which has recently attracted attention as a new brilliant white light emitter if irradiated by a simple infrared laser diode. The algorithm used for generating random molecular starting configurations without overlapping molecules in a box with periodic boundary conditions has been accelerated by a factor of roughly 400 in a 54k atom case. The resulting bigger independent starting configurations are used to gain further insight into previously presented x-ray scattering data. New improved scattering data have been obtained, revealing new structural features in the lower Q range.
Edith Landmann-Kalischer on Aesthetic Demarcation and Normativity
Authors: Matherne Samantha
Published: February 2020

Two perennial questions in aesthetics, among others, are the demarcation question, viz., what, if anything, distinguishes the aesthetic domain from the cognitive or moral domains, and the normative question, viz., what kind of normativity, if any, does the aesthetic domain involve. Although recent attempts to answer these questions can be found in contemporary literature, in this paper I examine the answers defended by the early phenomenologist Edith Landmann-Kalischer. I show that Landmann-Kalischer answers the demarcation question by blending together a cognitivist account of aesthetic judgment with an objectivist account of beauty, and that she builds an account of aesthetic normativity on this cognitivist and objectivist basis. I contend that her subtle and unified account of aesthetic demarcation and normativity has advantages over other competing hedonist and Kantian views and, as such, merits further consideration in contemporary debates.
42 Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Housebound Individuals: An Evaluation of the Use of the AliveCor Kardia Device
Authors: Bell C , Heitz E
Published: February 2020

Background

The Croydon Rapid Response service is a multidisciplinary team providing admission avoidance support for people at crisis in their own homes or care homes. This population includes many living with frailty, the majority of whom are housebound.

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common, and often asymptomatic, and a significant risk factor for developing an ischaemic stroke. There is an ambition across health systems to improve identification of people with AF to better manage their risk of stroke. Screening is often performed using ECG readings typically performed in healthcare settings such as GP surgeries or hospitals.

The Croydon Rapid Response Team were provided with 10 AliveCor Kardia devices as part of a programme funded by the Health Innovation Network, with the aim to screen for AF aiming in traditionally hard-to-reach populations such as those people who are, through ill health or poor mobility, unable to leave their own home.

Methods

Activity use of the AliveCor Kardia devices were collated from centralised activity data based on the device serial numbers. Data collected were reviewed over a 12 month period. After 12 months use a survey was performed of clinician’s views on the devices.

Results

Over a 12 month period (March 2018 – February 2019) 389 recordings were performed across all Kardia devices. One device was lost within 1 month of the roll-out. Of the 389 recordings performed, possible AF was identified in 56 cases (14% of those screened). Survey results were received from 6 clinicians. 1 clinician used the device everyday in their practice. 2 staff members report using it 1-2/week, 3 staff members report using it 1-2/month.100% of respondents described the device as easy to use and helpful in clinical practice.100% of respondents agreed that they were clear how to manage a positive result.None of the respondents described increased workload due to the device and screening programme.

Conclusions

The AliveCor Kardia device is an acceptable and effective tool to aid detection of AF in housebound individuals seen by the Rapid Response team. The scheme should be considered for extension to other community teams, and further diagnostic equipment such as 12 lead ECG should be considered to complete the pathway.
Sox2 induces tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through secretion of Suprabasin
Authors: Takahashi Kiichi , Asano Naoki , Imatani Akira , Kondo Yutaka , Saito Masashi , Takeuchi Akio , Jin Xiaoyi , Saito Masahiro , Hatta Waku , Asanuma Kiyotaka , Uno Kaname , Koike Tomoyuki , Masamune Atsushi
Published: February 2020

Early stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is known to be accompanied by angiogenesis and morphological changes of microvessels. Transcription factor Sox2 is amplified in various cancers including ESCC, but the role of Sox2 in the carcinogenesis and angiogenesis has not been determined. Hence, we aimed to investigate the role of Sox2 in the early stage of ESCC. We found that the expression of Sox2 was significantly higher in early-stage ESCC tissues than that in their adjacent normal tissues. We then established Sox2-inducible normal human esophageal squamous cell line (HetSox2) to investigate the role of Sox2 in esophageal carcinogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro. Sox2 overexpression led to increased cell proliferation and spheroid formation. The culture supernatant of Sox2-overexpressing HetSox2 induced migration and sprouting of endothelial cell line HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cell). As for the mechanism, we found that the expression of secreted protein Suprabasin was directly induced by Sox2. Suprabasin enhanced proliferation of normal human esophageal squamous cells when added to the culture. Moreover, Suprabasin enhanced migration and sprouting of HUVEC cells, which were observed with the culture supernatant of Sox2-overexpressing HetSox2. This angiogenic effect of Suprabasin was abolished by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation, which suggested its dependence on AKT signaling. Finally, we showed that Suprabasin expression and the density of microvessels were significantly higher in ESCC tissues with high Sox2 expression. Our study suggested that increased Sox2 expression in esophageal squamous cells induced Suprabasin expression, and as a result initiated the carcinogenesis via increased cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
Tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient identifies prognostically relevant worsening renal function in acute heart failure
Authors: Hayasaka Kazuto , Matsue Yuya , Kitai Takeshi , Okumura Takahiro , Kida Keisuke , Oishi Shogo , Akiyama Eiichi , Suzuki Satoshi , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Mizukami Akira , Yoshioka Kenji , Kuroda Shunsuke , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: February 2020

Aims

Not all worsening renal function (WRF) during heart failure treatment is associated with a poor prognosis. However, a metric capable providing a prognosis of relevant WRF has not been developed. Our aim was to evaluate if a change in tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) could discriminate prognostically relevant and not relevant WRF in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods and results

We examined 809 consecutive hospitalized patients with heart failure (78 ± 12 years, 54% male). WRF was defined as an increase in creatinine >0.3 mg and ≥25% from admission to discharge. TRPG was measured at admission and before discharge using echocardiography. The primary outcome was all-cause death within 1-year after discharge. Patients were classified as follows for analysis: no WRF and no TRPG increase (n = 523); no WRF and TRPG increase (no WRF with iTRPG, n = 170); WRF and no TRPG increase (WRF without iTRPG, n = 90); and WRF and TRPG increase (WRF with iTRPG, n = 26). A change in TRPG weakly but significantly correlated to a change in haemoglobin and haematocrit, a percent decrease in brain natriuretic peptide, and body weight reduction during the index period of hospitalization. All-cause mortality within 1 year was higher in patients with WRF and iTRPG, compared to the other three groups (P = 0.026). On Cox regression analysis, only WRF with iTRPG was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio 4.24, P = 0.001), even after adjustment for other confounders.

Conclusion

An increase in TRPG may provide a marker to identify prognostically relevant WRF in patients with AHF.
A meta-analysis of preoperative bronchoscopic marking for pulmonary nodules
Authors: Yanagiya Masahiro , Kawahara Takuya , Ueda Keiko , Yoshida Daisuke , Yamaguchi Hirokazu , Sato Masaaki
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

Recent studies have suggested the usefulness of preoperative bronchoscopic marking techniques for the localization of pulmonary nodules in thoracic surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative bronchoscopic marking.

METHODS

The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched for clinical studies evaluating preoperative bronchoscopic marking for pulmonary resection. Non-comparative and random effects model-based meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled success and complication rates of bronchoscopic marking.

RESULTS

Twenty-five eligible studies were included. Among these, 15 studies conducted dye marking under electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy, 4 used virtual-assisted lung mapping and 7 used other marking methods. The overall pooled successful marking rate, successful resection rate and complete resection rate were 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95–0.99], 0.98 (95% CI 0.96–1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI 1.00–1.00), respectively. The overall pooled rates of pleural injury and pulmonary haemorrhage were 0.02 (95% CI 0.01–0.05) and 0.00 (95% CI 0.00–0.00), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis demonstrated that bronchoscopic marking is very safe and effective. Bronchoscopic marking should be considered, especially if there are concerns about the safety of other localization methods.
Utility of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery
Authors: Hino Haruaki , Saito Tomohito , Matsui Hiroshi , Taniguchi Yohei , Murakawa Tomohiro
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) based on serum albumin and body weight helps predict the risk of malnutrition and mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. However, its significance for patients with malignancy is unclear. We analysed the ability of GNRI to assess this risk in patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery.

METHODS

We retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of 739 patients with primary lung cancer who underwent surgery from 2006 to 2017 in a single institution.

RESULTS

GNRI values were ≤98 for 112 patients and >98 for 627 patients; 532 patients had pathological stage I disease, 114 patients had stage II disease and 93 patients had stage III disease. Cox proportional hazards models revealed that age, GNRI value ≤98 and stages II and III diseases (all Ps < 0.05) were significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival and that carcinoembryonic antigen level (P = 0.03), GNRI value ≤98 (P = 0.005) and stages II and III diseases (both Ps < 0.001) were significant negative prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival. Rates of overall survival and cancer-specific survival stratified by lower and higher GNRI score were significantly different among patients aged 70 and older (P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively) but not among patients aged 69 and younger (P = 0.09 and P = 0.12, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

GNRI could help in predicting survival after lung cancer surgery, especially in older patients, and perioperative active nutritional support might improve the survival.