bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Relative Importance of Key Quality of Life Dimensions for People With and Without a Disability: an Empirical Ranking Comparison Study.
Authors: Crocker Matthew , Hutchinson Claire , Mpundu-Kaambwa Christine , Walker Ruth , Chen Gang , Ratcliffe Julie
Published: July 2021

Background: In economic evaluation, the quality of life of people with a disability has traditionally been assessed by applying established generic preference-based measures. To provide robust measurement of the effectiveness of programs designed to improve the quality of life of people living with a disability, preference-based measures need to be sufficiently sensitive to detect incremental changes in the quality of life dimensions that are most important to people who have a disability.Methods: An online survey was developed and administered Australia wide to two different population samples. The first sample (n = 410) comprised adults (aged 18 years and above) with a disability (n = 208) and family carers of person/s with a disability (n = 202). The second sample included adults (aged 18 years and above) without disability (n = 443). Respondents were asked to rank the importance of 12 quality of life dimensions extracted from the content of established preference based quality of life measures (EQ-5D, AQoL and ASCOT) in terms of their relative importance to their overall quality of life. The results were combined, and the preference rankings between groups were compared.Results: People with a disability placed relatively higher importance on broader quality of life dimensions (e.g. Control, Independence, Self-care) relative to health status focused dimensions (e.g. Vision, Hearing, Physical mobility), whereas these two dimension categories were less clearly differentiable for the ‘without disability’ group. The biggest differences between the groups in what dimensions were ranked as the most important (i.e. 1st preference) were in: Vision (‘with disability’ = 10th, ‘without disability’ = 4th), Self-care (‘with disability’ = 3rd, ‘without disability’ = 7th) and Mental well-being (‘with disability’ = 6th, ‘without disability’ = 2nd) Conclusions: Quality of life preferences for people with a disability differ to those without a disability. As quality of life is a key outcome for economic evaluation and for assessing the impact of disability care policy and practice in Australia and internationally, it is important that new preference-based measures of quality of life are developed which are sufficiently sensitive to and incorporate the quality of life preferences of people with a disability.
Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift Evolving Towards Plate Divergence
Authors: Nicotra Eugenio , Viccaro Marco , Donato Paola , Acocella Valerio , Rosa Rosanna
Published: July 2021

Magmatism accompanies rifting along divergent plate boundaries, although its role before continental breakup remains poorly understood. For example, the magma-assisted Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) lacks current volcanism and clear tectono-magmatic relationships with its contiguous rift portions. Here we define its magmatic behaviour, identifying the most recent eruptive fissures (EF) whose aphyric basalts have a higher Ti content than those of older monogenetic scoria cones (MSC), which are porphyritic and plagioclase-dominated. Despite the similar parental melt, EF and MSC magmas underwent different evolutionary processes. While MSC magmas were stored at intermediate crustal levels, EF magmas rose directly from the Moho without contamination, even below older polygenetic volcanoes, suggesting rapid propagation of transcrustal dikes across solidified magma chambers. Whether this recent condition in the NMER is stable or transient, it highlights a transition from central polygenetic to linear fissure volcanism, indicative of increased tensile conditions and volcanism directly fed from the Moho, suggesting transition towards mature rifting.
Metro Stations as Crowd-shipping Catalysts: An Empirical and Computational Study
Authors: Filippi Carlo , Plebani Francesca
Published: July 2021

Crowd-shipping is a promising shared mobility service that involves the delivery of goods using non-professional shippers. This service is mainly intended to reduce congestion and pollution in city centers but, as some authors observe, in most crowd-shipping initiatives the crowd rely on private motorized vehicles and hence the environmental benefits could be small, if not negative. Conversely, a crowd-shipping service relying on public transport should maximize the environmental benefits. Motivated by this observation, in this study we assess the potentials of crowd-shipping based on metro commuters in the city of Brescia, Italy. Our contribution is twofold. First, we analyze the results of a survey conducted among metro users to assess their willingness to act as crowd-shippers. The main result is that most young commuters and retirees are willing to be crowd-shippers even for a null reward. Second, we assess the potential economic impact of using metro-based crowd-shipping coupled with a traditional home delivery service. To this end, we formulate a variant of the VRP model where the customers closest to the metro stations may be served either by a conventional vehicle or by a crowd-shipper. The model is implemented using Python with Gurobi solver. A computational study based on the Brescia case is performed to get insights on the economic advantages that a metro-based crowd delivery option may have for a retailing company.
IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Two Pediatric Patients After Intraoperative Bacitracin Irrigation
Authors: Droghini Harris Richard , Slack Ian , Lierl Michelle
Published: July 2021

Background: Bacitracin is a common topical antibiotic that is also used for tissue irrigation in the operative setting. While bacitracin is generally well tolerated, Twelve reports of anaphylaxis to intraoperative applications have been published, all in adults.Case presentation: Here, we present the first reported cases of intraoperative Immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity to bacitracin irrigation in the pediatric population. Both cases were corroborated by allergy testing. Case 1 is a 10 year old male who had surgery to remove an infected tissue expander placed in setting of trauma from motor vehicle accident. Case 2 is a 6 year old female with history of spina bifida who underwent vesicostomy recreation.Conclusions: Bacitracin should be considered a potential occult allergen in the perioperative setting in both adult and pediatric populations.
[18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-sorbitol PET Imaging for Quantitative Estimation of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability in vivo
Authors: Hugon Gaelle , Goutal Sébastien , Dauba Ambre , Breuil Louise , Winkeler Alexandra , Novell Anthony , Tournier Nicolas
Published: July 2021

Purpose The non-transported and non-metabolized sorbitol derivative [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-sorbitol ([18F]FDS) can be straightforwardly obtained from chemical reduction of commercial [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. [18F]FDS was evaluated as a small-molecule (paracellular) marker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity for PET. Methods Five mice underwent focused ultrasound (FUS) to generate spatially controlled BBB disruption in the right hemisphere. PET kinetics of [18F]FDS in each brain hemisphere were described by a 1-tissue compartment model using an image-derived input function. Results BBB disruption resulted in a 2.4±0.8-fold increase in the brain distribution (VT, p<0.01) of [18F]FDS. Enhanced brain uptake was associated with an increase in the influx transfer rate K1 (+1.4±0.7-fold, p<0.05) and a decrease in the efflux transfer rate k2 (-1.7±0.4-fold, p<0.01). Conclusion Thanks to the quantitative performance of PET compared with other neuroimaging techniques, [18F]FDS PET and kinetic modelling provides a readily available and sensitive method for non-invasive determination of different levels of BBB permeability in vivo.
Ophthalmology Education Leadership Attitudes Towards Gender-specific Mentorship
Authors: Paul Megan , Dweck Monica , Chadha Nisha
Published: July 2021

Background:Despite relatively equal gender representation among US medical students, a gender gap exists in female representation within academic medicine. Numerous studies have emphasized the influence of gender-specific mentors in medical students' career decisions, but this has not been explored fully in ophthalmology. Therefore, this study evaluated ophthalmology educators’ attitudes towards gender-specific mentorship, to better understand how this relates to medical students’ decision to enter the field and their career development.Methods:A 22-question survey was sent to AUPO Department Chairs, Residency Program Directors, and Medical Student Educators. Additionally, the gender breakdown of current AUPO members was determined through a review of the AUPO membership directory. The authors also compared the number of female students applying to ophthalmology residency with the number of female ophthalmology faculty using AUPO and AAMC workforce data. Student’s t-tests and chi square were used for analysis.Results:75 members responded (23.7%), including 17 of 135 Chairs (12.6%), 34 of 114 PDs (29.8%), and 30 of 72 MSEs (41.7%). Of AUPO members, 85.2% of Chairs, 67.5% of Program Directors, and 43% of MSEs are male. Of respondents, 55.4% identified as female and 44.6% as male.Male and female members had 47.9% and 47.6% female mentees, respectively, (p=0.451). However, 21.2% of male and 56.1% of female members agreed that a mentee of the same gender was important, (p<0.01). Furthermore, 13 of 40 female members (32.5%) reported having a significant female mentor themselves vs. 1 of 29 male members (3%), (p<0.05).Conclusions:Male and female AUPO members reported no difference in the ratio of female mentees. However, female members were more likely to feel gender-specific mentorship was important, suggesting room for further development of this resource. Expansion of gender-specific mentorship in ophthalmology can promote equity in training and help address the lack of female representation in academic leadership.
Effect of Cutting Parameters on Chips and Burrs Formation With Traditional Micromilling and Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Micromilling
Authors: Yuan Zhonghang , Fang Bin , Zhang Yuanbin , Wang Fei
Published: July 2021

In the traditional micromilling(TMM) of Inconel718 alloy, due to the influence of material plasticity and size effect, relatively large burr will be produced. In order to solve the burr problem in micromilling, ultrasonic vibration in feed direction is applied to the workpiece to complete vibration cutting. Combined with trajectory simulation and cutting experiment, the burr formation mechanism of TMM and ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling(UVAMM) was studied. The results show that when the ratio of amplitude(A) to feed per tooth(ƒz) is greater than 0.5, continuous cutting changes to intermittent cutting. Compared with TMM, UVAMM improves chip breaking ability, facilitates the propagation of burr crack and effectively inhibits the formation of burr. However, due to the influence of cutting edge radius, A/ƒz should be set larger. When the chip breaking condition is reached, the burr shape is usually tearing or flocculent. Under the conditions of low speed(n), large ƒz and large A, the burr suppression is more obvious.
Leucine supplementation during late gestation globally altered placental metabolism and nutrient transport via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Cui Chang , Wu Caichi , Zhu Pengwei , Wang Jun , Ma Ziwei , Zheng Xiaoyu , Guan Wutai , Zhang Shihai , Chen Fang
Published: July 2021

Background

Our previous study found that sow dietary leucine supplementation signicicantly improved fetal intrauterine growth and newborn piglet birth weight. But we still have limited knowledge how leucine regulated placental functions to promote the nutrient supply to fetus to support its intrauterine development.
Methods

150 sows at day 90 of gestiation were divided into three groups and fed with either control diet (CON), CON + 0.4% Leu or CON + 0.8% Leu separately until parturition. Placental metabolomics, full spectrum amino acids and nutrient transporters were systematically analyzed.
Results

Leu supplementation lead to an altered placental metabolism with higher amount of metabolites related to glycolysis and fatty acids oxidatation, and more amino acids accumulation in placenta. Besides, nutrient transporters including amino acids transporters, glucose transporters and fatty acids transporters in placenta were globally enhanced and several enzymes related to energy metabolism including hexokinase, succinatede hydrogenase, lactated hydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase and hydroxyaryl-CoA-dehydrogenase were significantly increased with no change in antioxidative status in the groups with Leu supplementation. Futhermore, Leu supplementation significantly increased phosphalation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in placenta compared with control group.
Conclusions

Leu supplementation during late gestation globally altered placental metabolism, nutrient transport (amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids) via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
Self-Controlling Photonic-on-Chip Networks With Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Do Nguyen , Truong Dung , Nguyen Duy , Hoai Minh , Pham Cuong
Published: July 2021

We present a novel photonic chip design for high bandwidth four-degree optical switches that support high-dimensional switching mechanisms with low insertion loss and low crosstalk in a low power consumption level and a short switching time. Such four-degree photonic chips can be used to build an integrated full-grid Photonic-on-Chip Network (PCN). With four distinct input/output directions, the proposed photonic chips are superior compared to the current bidirectional photonic switches, where a conventionally sizable PCN can only be constructed as a linear chain of bidirectional chips. Our four-directional photonic chips are more flexible and scalable for the design of modern optical switches, enabling the construction of multi-dimensional photonic chip networks that are widely applied for intra-chip communication networks and photonic data centers. More noticeably, our photonic networks can be self-controlling with our proposed Multi-Sample Discovery model, a deep reinforcement learning model based on Proximal Policy Optimization. On a PCN, we can optimize many criteria such as transmission loss, power consumption, and routing time, while preserving performance and scaling up the network with dynamic changes. Experiments on simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed architectural design and optimization algorithm. Perceivable insights make the constructed architecture become the self-controlling photonic-on-chip networks.
Rice Brittle Culm19 Encoding Cellulose Synthase Subunit CesA4 Causes Dominant Brittle Phenotype But Has No Distinct Influence on Growth and Grain Yield
Authors: Ma Xiaozhi , Li Chunmei , Huang Rui , Zhang Kuan , Wang Qian , Fu Chongyun , Liu Wuge , Sun Changhui , Wang Pingrong , Wang Feng , Deng Xiaojian
Published: July 2021

Background: Mechanical strength is a crucial agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa), and brittle mutants are thought suitable materials to investigate the mechanism of cell wall formation. So far, almost all brittle mutants are recessive, and most of them are defected in multiple morphologies and/or grain yield, limiting their application in hybrid breeding and in rice straw recycling.Results: We identified a semi-dominant brittle mutant Brittle culm19 (Bc19) isolated from the japonica variety Nipponbare through chemical mutagenesis. The mutant showed the same apparent morphologies and grain yield to the wild type plant except for its weak mechanical strength. Its development of secondary cell wall in sclerenchyma cells was affected, along with reduced contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and sugars in culms and leaves. Positional cloning suggested that the Bc19 gene was allelic to OsCesA4, encoding one of the cellulose synthase A (CesA) catalytic subunits. In this mutant, a C-to-T substitution occurred in the coding sequence of BC19, causing the P507S missense mutation in its encoded product, which was located in the second cytoplasmic region of the OsCesA4 protein. Furthermore, introducing mutant gene Bc19 into the wild-type plant resulted in brittle plants, confirming that the P507S point mutation in OsCesA4 protein was responsible for the semi-dominant brittle phenotype of Bc19 mutant. Reverse correlation was revealed between cellulose contents and expression levels of mutant gene Bc19 among the homozygous mutant, the hybrid F1 plant, and the Bc19 overexpression transgenic plants, implying that gene Bc19 might affect cellulose synthesis in a dosage-dependent manner.Conclusions: Bc19, a semi-dominant brittle mutant allele of gene OsCesA4, was identified using map-based cloning approach. The mutated protein of Bc19 possessing the P507S missense mutation behaved in a dosage-dependent semi-dominant manner. Unique brittle effect on phenotype and semi-dominant genetic quality of gene Bc19 indicated its potential application in grain-straw dual-purpose hybrid rice breeding.
Frequency spectra of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region from multistatic specular meteor radar observations during the SIMONe 2018 campaign
Authors: Asokan Harikrishnan Charuvil , Chau Jorge L , Marino Raffaele , Vierinen Juha , Vargas Fabio , Urco Juan Miguel , Clahsen Matthias , Jacobi Christoph
Published: July 2021

In recent years, multistatic specular meteor radars (SMRs) have been introduced to study the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) dynamics with increasing spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, frequency spectra of MLT horizontal winds are explored through observations from a campaign using the SIMONe (Spread-spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network) approach conducted in northern Germany in 2018 (hereafter SIMONe 2018). The seven-day SIMONe 2018 comprised of fourteen multistatic SMR links and allows to build a substantial database of specular meteor trail events, collecting more than one hundred thousand detections per day within a geographic area of $\sim $ 500 km $\times$ 500 km. We have implemented two methods to obtain the frequency spectra of the horizontal wind components: (1) Mean Wind Estimation (MWE) and (2) Wind field Correlation Function Inversion (WCFI), which utilizes the mean and the covariances of the line of sight velocities, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations of a gravity wave spectral model were implemented to validate and compare both methods. The simulation analyses suggest that the WCFI helps to capture the energy of smaller-scale wind fluctuations than those capture with MWE. Characterization of the spectral slope of the horizontal wind at different MLT altitudes has been conducted on the SIMONe 2018, and it provides evidence that gravity waves with periods smaller than seven hours and greater than two hours dominate with horizontal structures significantly larger than 500 km. These waves might be associated with secondary gravity waves during this observational campaign. In the future, these analyses can be extended to understand the significance of small-scale fluctuations in the MLT, which were not possible with conventional MWE methods.
Upregulation of microRNA-483-5p Advances Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Progression via Stifling HIPK2 Expression
Authors: Dong Lingyun , Zheng Jiangnan , Bai Zhiyu , Lu Yanfang , Song Weizhen , Tang Ying , Wan Linlin
Published: July 2021

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancer and has a high incidence and mortality rate. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is used widely to treat locally advanced NSCLC, but the clinical efficacy is limited. MiRNA-483-5p has been connected to the improvement of an assortment of malignancies. Notwithstanding, its capacity in NSCLC stays obscure. Methods: Here we utilized benefit- or loss-of-miRNA-483-5p expression to investigate the effect of miRNA-483-5p on NSCLC. Results: The results showed that MiRNA-483-5p is entirely up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. MiRNA-483-5p inhibitor blocked cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion but promoted apoptosis, suggesting miRNA-483-5p acts as an oncogene in NSCLC. TargetScan predicted that HIPK2 was an objective gene of miRNA-483-5p. Then, luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that miRNA-483-5p specifically attacked HIPK2’s 3’UTR, suggesting the targeted relationship between miRNA-483-5p and HIPK2. Moreover, HIPK2 acted as a redox signal modulator and was associated with a variety of malignant tumors. The current examination affirmed the low HIPK2 expression in the NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of HIPK2 inhibited NSCLC cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, but enhanced apoptosis. More importantly, co-transfection with HIPK2 and miRNA-483-5p reversed these effects, suggesting that miRNA-483-5p facilitated tumor progression by inhibiting HIPK2. Conclusions: Hence, our findings indicated that miRNA-483-5p might be a promising remedial target in NSCLC and give major premise to clinical therapeutics.
Estimate the Frequency of Causal Genetic Variants in Fetuses With Congenital Heart Defects: a Chinese Cohort Study
Authors: Lu Fengying , Xue Peng , Zhang Bin , Wang Jing , Liu Jianbin , Yu Bin
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This cohort study was designed to assess the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with different types of congenital heart defects (CHD).Methods: In a cohort of 200 fetuses with CHD, we performed prenatal chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) firstly, and then WES analysis was carried out on some fetuses with negative CMA results. Meanwhile, we conducted a systematic literature search on hot spot pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) related to CHD in the Chinese population.Results: Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 49 (24.5%) fetuses after prenatal CMA detection, including 23(11.5%) with aneuploidies and 26 (13.0%) with significant clinical CNVs. The additional diagnostic yield diagnosed by followed WES was 11.5% (6/52). The incidence of total chromosomal abnormality in the non-isolated CHD group (31.8%) was higher than that in the isolated CHD group (20.9%), mainly because the incidence of aneuploidy was significantly increased when CHD combined with extracardial structural abnormalities or soft markers. The chromosome abnormal rate of complex CHD group was higher than that of the simple CHD group, but the difference was not statistically significant (31.8% vs. 23.6%, P = 0.398). The most common CNVs detected in CHD fetuses was the 22q11.2 deletions, followed by deletions of 5p15.33p15.31, deletions of 15q13.2q13.3, deletions of 11q24.2q25, deletions of 17p13.3p13.2, duplications of 17q12.Conclusion: CMA is the recommended initial examination for cases of CHD in the prenatal setting, whether it is simple heart defects or isolated heart defect. For cases with negative CMA results, the follow-up application of WES will offer a considerable proportion of additional detection of clinical significance.
Responsiveness to change in health status of the EQ-5D in patients treated for depression and anxiety
Authors: Sandin Kenneth , Shields Gemma , Gjengedal Ragne Gunnarsdotter Hole , Osnes Kåre , Bjørndal Marianne Tranberg , Reme Silje Endresen , Hjemdal Odin
Published: July 2021

Purpose The EQ-5D is a commonly used generic measure of health but evidence on its responsiveness to change in mental health is limited. This study aimed to explore EQ-5D responsiveness in patients receiving treatment for depression and anxiety.Methods Patient data (N = 416) were collected at baseline and at end of treatment in an observational study in a Norwegian outpatient clinic. Responsiveness in the EQ-5D was compared to change in the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Effect sizes (Cohen’s d), Standardised response mean (SRM), and Spearman’s correlation were calculated. Patients were classified as “Recovered”, “Improved”, or “Unchanged” during treatment using the BDI-II and the BAI. ROC analyses determined whether the EQ-5D could correctly classify patient outcomes.Results Effect sizes were large for the BAI, the BDI-II, the EQ-5D value and the EQ VAS, ranging from d = 1.07 to d = 1.84. SRM ranged from .93 – 1.67. Spearman’s correlation showed moderate agreement between the EQ-5D value and the BDI-II (rs = - .48), and the BAI (rs = - .41). The EQ-5D consistently identified “Recovered” patients versus “Improved” or “Unchanged” in the ROC analyses with AUROC ranging from .72 – .84.ConclusionThe EQ-5D showed good agreement with clinical measures evaluating symptom change, and correctly identifying recovered patients. These findings indicate that the EQ-5D may be appropriately responsive to change in patients with depression and anxiety disorders, although replication in other clinical samples is needed.
Performance evaluation results of evolutionary clustering algorithm star for clustering heterogeneous datasets
Authors: A.Hassan Bryar , A.Rashid Tarik , Mirjalili Seyedali
Published: July 2021

This article presents the data used to evaluate the performance of evolutionary clustering algorithm star (ECA*) compared to five traditional and modern clustering algorithms. Two experimental methods are employed to examine the performance of ECA* against genetic algorithm for clustering++ (GENCLUST++), learning vector quantisation (LVQ), expectation maximisation (EM), K-means++ (KM++) and K-means (KM). These algorithms are applied to 32 heterogenous and multi-featured datasets to determine which one performs well on the three tests. For one, ther paper examines the efficiency of ECA* in contradiction of its corresponding algorithms using clustering evaluation measures. These validation criteria are objective function and cluster quality measures. For another, it suggests a performance rating framework to measurethe the performance sensitivity of these algorithms on varos dataset features (cluster dimensionality, number of clusters, cluster overlap, cluster shape and cluster structure). The contributions of these experiments are two-folds: (i) ECA* exceeds its counterpart aloriths in ability to find out the right cluster number; (ii) ECA* is less sensitive towards dataset features compared to its competitive techniques. Nonetheless, the results of the experiments performed demonstrate some limitations in the ECA*: (i) ECA* is not fully applied based on the premise that no prior knowledge exists; (ii) Adapting and utilising ECA* on several real applications has not been achieved yet.
TRANSFER OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ENERGY INNOVATIONS DURING SMART GRIDS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Vakulenko I. , Petrenko N.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the conditions created in different countries of the world to implement processes that focus on the modernization of the energy sector of the economy through the widespread introduction of advanced innovative energy technologies. The paper argues that there is a link between economic and social development indicators and the results of the functioning of their energy sector, namely the existing impact of energy on the positive dynamics of economic and social indicators. The spread of energy innovations is a critical factor for the modernization of the energy sector following modern requirements for energy production, transportation, and distribution. Accordingly, investments directly in the energy sector and research and development activities aimed at creating new energy technologies are considered an essential indicator of the formation of preconditions for the transfer of energy technologies, including innovation. One of the leading indicators that characterize the existing and potential opportunities for new technologies is the number of innovative enterprises. Accordingly, one of the tasks aimed at modernization and further development of the energy system should be to promote the creation and support of innovative enterprises. It requires creating a new or improvement of the existing mechanism for creating a favorable business environment for innovation. Therefore, the article mentions the need to study the relationship between the number of innovative enterprises in the country and public spending on research and development. For complete coverage of the issue, the paper presents information on the volume of these expenditures in terms of GDP. The analysis of this information led to the conclusion that there is no connection between the number of innovative enterprises and the amount of public expenditure on R&D. This connection is typical of a limited number of countries. At the same time, the experience of some countries shows that in addition to state support for innovation and innovation transfer, a significant role is played by established and functioning market mechanisms that allow achieving a high level of innovation development.
Preoperative Preparation of Patients with Anemia before Shoulder Replacement
Authors: Sokolov S. V. , Gluschenko V. А.
Published: July 2021

The preoperative anemia in patients increases the risk of perioperative blood transfusion, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute kidney injury, and higher nosocomial and 30-day mortality, lengthens the duration of treatment, and increases the risk of re-hospitalization.The objective: to improve treatment results of patients after revision shoulder replacement through management of preoperative anemia.Subjects and methods. 170 medical files of patients who underwent revision shoulder replacement from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. On the day when they were examined by the physician, all patients had blood hemoglobin level below 130 g/l. The patients were divided into two groups that were comparable in their characteristics. Patients of the Main Group (n = 90) received preoperative preparation with iron carboxymaltate in combination with recombinant human erythropoietin 4 weeks before the expected date of surgery. Patients of the Control Group (n = 80) did not have any specific preparation.Results. The data obtained showed that the volume of intraoperative and postoperative drainage blood loss did not differ statistically between the groups; hemoglobin blood level in patients from the Main Group was statistically significantly higher both before the surgery and on the first day after it, and no hemotransfusion was indicated. In the Control Group, a statistically significantly greater decrease in hemoglobin level was observed in the postoperative period; 3 (3.8%) patients in the Control Group required RBC-transfusion. Complications in the early postoperative period (myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac arrhythmia) were significantly less frequent in the Main Group versus the Control one (4.5% of cases vs. 8.8%; p < 0.05).Conclusion. The use of iron carboxymaltate at the dose of 1,000 mg once and, if necessary, repeatedly in 14 days in combination with recombinant human erythropoietin at the dose of 150 IU/kg allows preparing patients for revision shoulder replacement within the period from two weeks to one month. Preoperative management of anemia until the hemoglobin concentration reaches 130 g/l using the proposed regimen can significantly reduce the need for blood transfusion and frequency of somatic complications in the early postoperative period.
Plasma Calcifedol Concentration as a Marker of Vitamin D Deficiency in Newborns with Congenital Malformations
Authors: Fomin S. А. , Аleksandrovich Yu. S. , Kurnikova I. А. , Pshenisnov K. V. , Fomin А. M. , Аleksandrovich I. V.
Published: July 2021

Diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency and its management is the most difficult problem of modern neonatology.The objective: to study the concentration of 25(OH)D3 in newborns of St. Petersburg depending on the presence of congenital malformations (CM).Subjects and methods. 60 newborns were examined, their gestational age made 39.4 (38-41) weeks. Children were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 – healthy children, Group 2 – children with CM.Results. Regardless of the presence of CM, the calcifedol plasma concentration was below 15 ng/ml. It was found that children with CM whose plasma calcifedol concentration was below 8.0 ng/ml needed long-term invasive mechanical ventilation (80.0 vs 40.0 hours; p < 0.005) and longer treatment in ICU (7.0 vs 4.0; p < 0,002). Negative correlations were revealed between calcifedol concentration, duration of narcotic analgesics administration (R = -0.44; p = 0.01), duration of mechanical ventilation (R = -0.49; p = 0.003) and stay in ICU (R = -0.54; p = 0.001).Conclusion. The most pronounced deficiency of calcifedol was in children with severe CM requiring long-term treatment in ICU.
Prediction of Neurological Outcomes in Patients with Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Authors: Markova T. G. , Bragina N. V. , Gorbachev V. I.
Published: July 2021

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome is an extremely complex nosology, characterized by high mortality and the development of severe neurological disorders. Predicting the neurological outcome in this pathology is an urgent problem, since it allows determining the tactics of patient management and optimizing the scope of medical care, as well as preparing the patient's family members for expected results of treatment. Currently, clinical, laboratory and instrumental data are used as predictors of an unfavorable neurological outcome (e.g., pupillary responses, neuron-specific enolase levels, electroencephalography). There is no single criterion with high sensitivity and specificity for predicting neurological disorders; therefore, a multimodal approach is required. This article discusses several factors, the combination of which allows predicting the outcome of post-cardiac arrest syndrome with the greatest degree of reliability.
Refractory Septic Shock (Part 2)
Authors: Plotkin L. L.
Published: July 2021

Refractory shock is the shock that does not respond to vasopressor therapy. Refractory shock with a short-term mortality rate of more than 50% is diagnosed in 6-7% of critically ill patients. There is an objective need to Investigate methods of intensive therapy for refractory septic shock.The objective of the study: to analyze literature data on the intensive care of refractory septic shock.Results. The second part of the article analyzes 37 studies, both Russian and foreign ones devoted to the intensive care of refractory shock. At present, based on the analysis of the publication, it is impossible to draw reasonable conclusions about the advantage of one or another method of intensive therapy for refractory shock (veno-venous hemofiltration, the use of angiotensin II and vasopressin, as well as methylene blue, vitamin B12, ECMO) over basic therapy.
Impurities in a one-dimensional Bose gas: the flow equation approach
Authors: Brauneis Fabian , Hammer Hans-Werner , Lemeshko Mikhail , Volosniev Artem
Published: July 2021

A few years ago, flow equations were introduced as a technique for calculating the ground-state energies of cold Bose gases with and without impurities[1,2]. In this paper, we extend this approach to compute observables other than the energy. As an example, we calculate the densities, and phase fluctuations of one-dimensional Bose gases with one and two impurities.

For a single mobile impurity, we use flow equations to validate the mean-field results obtained upon the Lee-Low-Pines transformation. We show that the mean-field approximation is accurate for all values of the boson-impurity interaction strength as long as the phase coherence length is much larger than the healing length of the condensate.

For two static impurities, we calculate impurity-impurity interactions induced by the Bose gas. We find that leading order perturbation theory fails when boson-impurity interactions are stronger than boson-boson interactions. The mean-field approximation reproduces the flow equation results for all values of the boson-impurity interaction strength as long as boson-boson interactions are weak.
Archimedean screw in driven chiral magnets
Authors: del Ser Nina , Heinen Lukas , Rosch Achim
Published: July 2021

In chiral magnets a magnetic helix forms where the
magnetization winds around a propagation vector
{q}q.
We show theoretically that a magnetic field B_\bot(t) \bot qB⊥(t)⊥q, which is
spatially homogeneous but oscillating in time, induces a net rotation of
the texture around {q}q.
This rotation is reminiscent of the motion of an Archimedean screw and
is equivalent to a translation with velocity
v_{\text{screw}}vscrew
parallel to q. Due to the coupling to a Goldstone mode, this
non-linear effect arises for arbitrarily weak B_\bot(t)B⊥(t) with
v_{\text{screw}} \propto |{ B_\perp}|^2vscrew∝|B⊥|2
as long as pinning by disorder is absent. The effect is resonantly
enhanced when internal modes of the helix are excited and the sign of
v_{\text{screw}}vscrew
can be controlled either by changing the frequency or the polarization
of B_\bot(t)B⊥(t). The Archimedean screw can be used to transport spin and
charge and thus the screwing motion is predicted to induce a voltage
parallel to q. Using a combination of numerics and Floquet spin wave
theory, we show that the helix becomes unstable upon increasing B_\botB⊥,
forming a `time quasicrystal’ which oscillates in space and time for
moderately strong drive.
EL viviente ensimismado. El paradigma de la vida como autarquía en la biología occidental
Authors: Grassi Martín
Published: July 2021

El cuerpo viviente, desde Grecia a nuestros días, ha sido comprendido a partir de su capacidad por auto-regularse y gobernarse a sí mismo, y a partir de sus estrategias para autopreservarse. Bajo esta idea de auto-organización, el viviente debe enfrentarse permanentemente a la amenaza inminente de su descomposición, y las teorías biológicas en torno a la vida parecen estar ante todo supeditadas a la lógica de la muerte. De este modo, la necesidad del viviente de preservarse a sí mismo ha llevado a las teorías biológicas a dejar en un segundo plano la categoría de relación y de alteridad, puesto que aquello que no es parte orgánica del viviente, aquello que es otro respecto de su dinamismo, parece amenazarlo de muerte. Mi trabajo pretende mostrar algunos hitos fundamentales de esta historia de la biología, examinando el concepto de pneuma (spiritus) en la fisiología de Galeno y en su actualidad en los trabajos de Descartes, la figura de la economía animal que propone la Escuela de Montpellier frente al iatromecanicismo, y los conceptos de la fisiología moderna de organismo, metabolismo, homeostasis y autopóiesis. A partir de una lectura conceptual de estas diferentes tradiciones y teorías biológicas, quiero mostrar la necesidad de deconstruir este paradigma de la autarquía, puesto que es este paradigma el que nos imposibilita a pensar la relacionalidad y la alteridad sin subsumirlas a la lógica de la unidad y de la totalidad propias de la metafórica de la organización.
Plotino y la novedad de su principio metafísico
Authors: Martin De Blassi Fernando Gabriel
Published: July 2021

Las historias de la filosofía consideran que la doctrina de Plotino inaugura el tercer período de la escuela platónica, denominado con la categoría historiográfica de neoplatonismo. Sobre la base de este presupuesto, que organiza la tradición del pensamiento de acuerdo con una sucesión cronológica de las ideas y de sus respectivas influencias, el presente trabajo intenta hacer valer una distinción crítica a propósito de la originalidad metafísica del principio plotiniano. En virtud de un análisis favorecido por los textos fuentes y por la bibliografía erudita, se pretende mostrar que la trascendencia absoluta del Uno-Bien respecto del mundo corresponde en rigor a un orden de verdades mucho más cercano al derrotero filosófico de la fase subsiguiente.
La lógica de don Quijote. El acontecer del pensamiento y del lenguaje en la lengua heredada
Authors: Molteni Agostino , Solís Nova David
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo es un ensayo que se propone volver a pensar la lógica que engendra y mueve la obra de Miguel de Cervantes El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha. Partiendo del planteamiento de que Cervantes y don Quijote son un mismo pensador, se trabajará sobre lo que se considera el principio de generación de esta novela, a saber, la noción del acontecer de la lengua heredada por medio de la elaboración de actos lingüísticos y de pensamiento compuestos. En este sentido, se presenta en este estudio la obra cervantina como una propuesta filosófica que podría replantear algunas tesis reiteradas y presupuestas de lo que, en variadas ocasiones, se entiende por la naturaleza del lenguaje y del pensamiento.
La certeza de la emergencia. Reflexiones desde una ciencia de sistemas del desarrollo
Authors: Puche Navarro Rebeca , Perinat Adolfo , Cerchiaro Elda , Ossa Ossa Julio César
Published: July 2021

Este libro es un hito importante porque reúne los aspectos centrales de la producción intelectual de las dos últimas décadas en el fértil campo de investigación, que ha caracterizado lo que podríamos llamar la Escuela Cali–Barcelona de la psicología del desarrollo. Creo que este esfuerzo sistemático por comprender el desarrollo desde los mejores modelos científicos disponibles, cumple con los requisitos necesarios para justificar esta clasificación como “escuela”. La rigurosa exploración de nuevos modelos formales está firmemente enraizada en las tradiciones piagetianas» de las que la escuela se alimenta, con una coherencia y una comprensión hasta las últimas consecuencias que escapan a las hordas de empíricos alrededor del mundo que siguen recurriendo a las “situaciones piagetianas”.
Hongos y sus aplicaciones en agroindustria. Casos de investigación
Authors: Delgado Ospina Johannes , Cuervo Mulet Raúl Alberto , Valencia Rodríguez Marino , González Vargas Iván Andrés , Fernández Daza Fabián Felipe
Published: July 2021

"Los hongos son un grupo de organismos eucariotas, que se pueden presentar como hongos filamentosos (mohos) y hongos levaduriformes (levaduras), se caracterizan por segregar enzimas para realizar una digestión externa y absorber los nutrientes de sustancias disueltas. Los hongos han acompañado la vida productiva del hombre desde la antigüedad y cada día su importancia aumenta en campos como la agroindustria, la medicina y la biotecnología, debido a su capacidad de producción de una gran variedad de enzimas y metabolitos secundarios. En este libro se presenta a los lectores los resultados de algunas de las investigaciones realizadas con este importante grupo de organismos, un enfoque desde la Agroindustria y la Biotecnología llevadas a cabo por los grupos de investigación Biotecnología de la Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali y Microbiología, Industria y Ambiente de la Universidad Santiago de Cali."
Directed homoenzymatic fragmentation of the plant protopectin complex: Assessment criteria
Authors: Kondratenko Vladimir , Kondratenko Tatyana , Petrov Andrey
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The functional basis of protopectin complex can be represented as a network of regions that consist of homogalacturonan sequences and a base of rhamnogalacturonans-I, i.e. rhamnosyl-containing branching sites. Enzymatic isolation of these regions is possible only at a certain minimal native degree of polymerization. The research objective was to develop a system of criteria for assessing the potential applicability of the enzymatic transformation of plant protopectin complex.

Study objects and methods. The research featured the polymerization degree of the homogalacturonan regions of the protopectin complex and produced a system of assessment criteria for the enzymatic fragmentation potential of the protopectin complex. The theoretical calculations were based on the values of the mass fractions of rhamnosyl and galacturonide residues in plant cell walls. The result was a new polymerization degree analytical function.

Results and discussion. The ratio of the mass fractions of rhamnosyl and galacturonide residues in the water-insoluble plant tissue served as a dimensionless criterion of applicability. The rational condition for the dimensionless criterion of applicability was based on the fundamental constraint for homogalacturonan regions in the protopectin complex. It was expressed by a fundamental inequation. The rational area for determining the numerical values of the applicability criterion was presented as . The functional dependence was reduced to a two-dimensional criteria space as “width of rhamnosyl branches vs. the criterion of applicability”, where each pectin-containing raw material was given a single uniquely defined position. The boundary conditions for the criteria space were determined analytically.

Conclusion. The new approach offers an assessment of the enzymatic fragmentation potential of the plant protopectin complex by homoenzyme preparations. The approach is in fact the second stage of the decision tree in the science-based technology for pectin and its products.
Antioxidant properties of edible sea weed from the Northern Coast of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Tabakaev Anton , Tabakaeva Oksana , Wojciech Piekoszewski , Kalenik Tatyana , Poznyakovsky Valery
Published: July 2021

Introduction. New natural antioxidants remain a relevant research task of food science. Natural antioxidants neutralize free radicals in food systems, as well as in human body. The antioxidant properties of seaweed have attracted scientific attention for many years. However, most experiments featured non-polar extracts while aqueous extracts still remain understudied. The present research objective was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of hydrothermal extracts of edible seaweed from the Northern Coast of the Sea of Japan.

Study objects and methods. The study featured hot-water and autoclave (30 and 60 min) extracts of three edible seaweed species from Russia’s Far East. The research focused on dry matter yield, total phenol content, phenolic profile, antiradical properties, hydroxylion (OH•) scavenging activity, and superoxide radical (O2•−) scavenging activity.

Results and discussion. The hot-water extracts appeared to have a higher yield than the autoclave extracts. The hot-water extract of red-purple seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa had the highest yield – 15.90%. The extract of brown seaweed Sargassum miyabei demonstrated the highest total phenol content. The phenolic profile of the extracts revealed 10 compounds, syringic acid and epicatechin being the major ones. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts varied from 48.2 to 88.9%, the highest value was observed in the hot-water extract of S. miyabei. The autoclave S. miyabei extracts also had a high radical scavenging activity, which exceeded other samples by 5.0–13.3%. The hot-water (30 min) extract of G. verrucosa had the lowest antiradical activity. Hot-water and autoclave extracts of S. miyabei showed the best OH• scavenging activity. Only the samples of G. verrucosa demonstrated signs of superoxide radical scavenging.

Conclusion. The extracts of brown seaweed S. miyabei proved to be the most active. The hot-water and autoclave extracts had the highest total phenol content and the strongest DPPH and OH• inhibitory activity.