bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of soluble glucomannan and insoluble cellulose treatment on mucin secretion and mucin glycosylation‐related gene expression in the colons of mice
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhao Yirun , Liu Xiang , Li Zhong , Liu Nian , Tang Lizi , Jiang Qian , Fan Zhiyong , Tan Bie , Li Yulian , Ma Xiaokang
Published: July 2023

Background

Fiber added to the diet can promote intestinal mucin secretion, relieve intestinal inflammation, and enhance the intestinal barrier function. Glycosylation is the key to mucin function. However, there are few studies on the correlation between dietary fiber and mucin glycosylation, especially two kinds of dietary fiber with different solubility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soluble glucomannan (GM) and insoluble cellulose (CL) treatment on mucin secretion and mucin glycosylation‐related gene expression in the colons of mice.

Results

The GM group significantly increased the goblet cell number, crypt depth, and the expression of mucin 2 (Muc2) and mucin 3a (Muc3a) genes in the colon. At the same time, the analysis of the colon transcriptome showed that the GM group changed the expression of genes related to the mucin glycosylation process, and the GM group up‐regulated the expression of Gcnt3, Gcnt4, St3gal1, Galnt13, and B3gnt6 genes involved in the O‐glycosylation process. Similarly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that differentially glycosylated genes in the GM group were mainly related to the biosynthesis of mucin type O‐glycans, while the genes in the CL group were related to the biosynthesis of various types of N‐glycans. The correlation analysis between colonic microbes and differentially glycosylated genes also showed that the abundance of Alistipes in the GM group was significantly associated with the expression of Gcnt3, a key glycosylation gene.

Conclusion

Glucomannan treatment was more favorable for colonic Muc2 and Muc3a secretion and mucin O‐glycosylation gene expression. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
One‐pot synthesis of pillar[5]quinone‐amine polymer coated silica as stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Lu Zicheng , Hu Yuling , Xie Zenghui , Li Gongke
Published: July 2023

To expand the application of pillararene in chromatographic separation, we designed and fabricated a pillar[5]quinone‐amine polymer coated silica through quinone‐amine reaction by facile one‐pot synthesis method, which was applied as a stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatography. Separation of hydrophobic compounds, hydrophilic compounds, halogenated aromatic compounds, and 11 aromatic positional isomers was achieved successfully in this stationary phase. Reverse‐phase separation mode and hydrophilic‐interaction separation mode were proved to exist, indicating the potential application of the mix‐mode stationary phase. Studies of chromatographic retention behavior and molecular simulation showed that multiple interactions might play an important role in the separation process, including hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen‐bonding interaction, aromatic π‐π interaction, electron donor‐acceptor interaction, and host‐guest interaction. Column repeatability and stability were tested, which showed relative standard deviations of retention time less than 0.2% for continuous 11 injections, and the durability relative standard deviations of retention time were less than 0.91% after 90 days. This novel design strategy would broaden the application of pillararene‐based covalent organic polymer in chromatography and separation science.
Estimating the hydrophobicity extent of molecular fragments using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Carotti Andrea , Varfaj Ina , Pruscini Ilaria , Abualzulof Ghaid W. A. , Mercolini Laura , Bianconi Elisa , Macchiarulo Antonio , Camaioni Emidio , Sardella Roccaldo
Published: July 2023

A fast HPLC method was developed to study the hydrophobicity extent of pharmaceutically relevant molecular fragments. By this strategy, the reduced amount of sample available for physico‐chemical evaluations in early‐phase drug discovery programs does not represent a limiting factor. The sixteen acid fragments investigated were previously synthesized also determining potentiometrically their experimental log D values. For four fragments it was not possible to determine such property since their values were outside of the instrumental working range (2 < pKa < 12). An RP‐HPLC method was therefore optimized. For each scrutinized method, some derived chromatographic indices were calculated, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) allowed to select the so‐called “φ0 index” as the best correlating with the log D. The was fixed at 3.5 and a modification of some variables [organic modifier (methanol vs. ACN), stationary phase (octyl vs. octadecyl), presence/absence of the additives n‐octanol, n‐butylamine, and n‐octylamine], allowed to select the best correlation conditions, producing a r = 0.94 (p < 0.001). Importantly, the φ0 index enabled the estimation of log D values for four fragments which were unattainable by potentiometric titration. Moreover, a series of molecular descriptors were calculated to identify the chemical characteristics of the fragments explaining the obtained φ0. The number of hydrogen bond donors and the index of cohesive interaction correlated with the experimental data.
Small particles and heterotrophic protists support the mesopelagic zooplankton food web in the subarctic northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Shea Connor H. , Wojtal Paul K. , Close Hilary G. , Maas Amy E. , Stamieszkin Karen , Cope Joseph S. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Wallsgrove Natalie , Popp Brian N.
Published: July 2023

A quantitative understanding of the mesopelagic zooplankton food web is key to development of accurate carbon budgets and geochemical models in marine systems. Here we use compound specific nitrogen stable isotope analysis of amino acids to quantify the trophic structure of the microzooplankton and mesozooplankton community during summer in the subarctic northeast Pacific Ocean during the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign. Source amino acid values in particles and zooplankton provide strong evidence that basal resources for the mesopelagic zooplankton food web were primarily small (), suspended or slow‐sinking particles, but that surface organic matter delivered by vertically migrating zooplankton may have also been important. Comparisons of values of source and trophic amino acids provide estimates of food web length, which decrease significantly with depth and suggest that protistan microzooplankton are key components of the food web from the surface to at least 500. These results emphasize the importance of small particles as a source of carbon and nitrogen to mesopelagic communities in this region, support observations of an inverse relationship between zooplankton vertical migration and small particles as sources of carbon to deep‐sea food webs in low productivity environments, and document the role of heterotrophic protists as key trophic intermediaries in the mesopelagic zone at this location.
The response of a freshwater copepod to small‐scale, dissipative eddies in turbulence
Authors: Ruszczyk Melissa , Webster Donald R. , Yen Jeannette
Published: July 2023

The freshwater copepod Hesperodiaptomus shoshone was exposed to a Burgers vortex, a flow feature meant to mimic small‐scale, dissipative turbulent eddies found in the organism's environment, to determine how this copepod responds to microscale turbulent flow structures. Male and female H. shoshone were separately exposed to four turbulence intensity levels plus a negative control (i.e., stagnant flow) in two vortex orientations relative to gravity. H. shoshone demonstrates a mild behavioral change in the presence of a Burgers vortex that is dependent on both sex and vortex orientation. H. shoshone swim with fairly linear trajectories across all four levels of turbulence intensity, which is a notable difference from the swimming behavior of marine copepods exposed to the same flow feature. Variations in morphology, physical environment, or ecological niche between H. shoshone and marine copepods are potential factors that may explain the differences in how the species respond to a Burgers vortex. The setal array of H. shoshone differs from the setal array of the previously studied marine copepods, suggesting differences in sensory ability and response. The small pond habitat of H. shoshone is rarely or intermittently mixed, creating a different hydrodynamic landscape compared to the ocean, which may influence the copepod/turbulence interaction. H. shoshone has few, if any, naturally occurring predators whereas marine copepods have many, which may influence the difference in response to microscale turbulence.
Integrated multiomic analysis and high‐throughput screening reveal potential gene targets and synergetic drug combinations for osteosarcoma therapy
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Qi Lin , Liu Zhongyue , He Shasha , Wang Cheng‐zhi , Wu Ying , Han Lianbin , Liu Zhenxin , Fu Zheng , Tu Chao , Li Zhihong
Published: July 2023

Although great advances have been made over the past decades, therapeutics for osteosarcoma are quite limited. We performed long‐read RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteome on osteosarcoma and the adjacent normal tissues, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) on paired osteosarcoma samples before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), and high‐throughput drug combination screen on osteosarcoma cell lines. Single‐cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed to reveal the heterogeneity of potential therapeutic target genes. Additionally, we clarified the synergistic mechanisms of doxorubicin (DOX) and HDACs inhibitors for osteosarcoma treatment. Consequently, we identified 2535 osteosarcoma‐specific genes and several alternative splicing (AS) events with osteosarcoma specificity and/or patient heterogeneity. Hundreds of potential therapeutic targets were identified among them, which showed the core regulatory roles in osteosarcoma. We also identified 215 inhibitory drugs and 236 synergistic drug combinations for osteosarcoma treatment. More interestingly, the multiomic analysis pointed out the pivotal role of HDAC1 and TOP2A in osteosarcoma. HDAC inhibitors synergized with DOX to suppress osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HDAC inhibitors synergized with DOX by downregulating SP1 to transcriptionally modulate TOP2A expression. This study provided a comprehensive view of molecular features, therapeutic targets, and synergistic drug combinations for osteosarcoma.
Comparing green productivity under convex and nonconvex technologies: Which is a robust approach consistent with energy structure?
Authors: Deng Haiyan , Bai Ge , Kerstens Kristiaan , Shen Zhiyang
Published: July 2023

Total factor productivity is used to explore the input–output efficiency of the economy and the driving factors behind economic growth. Although scholars have researched the total factor productivity approach, comparisons among different models in empirical research are rare and few scholars have focused on worldwide total factor productivity gains. Using convex and nonconvex technologies, this contribution investigates green productivity gains of 129 worldwide countries during 2000–2019 based on three popular productivity measures, namely, Luenberger–Hicks–Moorsteen indicator, Luenberger productivity indicator, and Malmquist–Luenberger index, respectively. Inspired by a metafrontier approach, we compare their productivity evolutions with the energy structure among 121 economies. A negative relationship is expected between the change in the proportion of fossil fuel energy consumption and green productivity. Our results show that the Luenberger–Hicks–Moorsteen productivity indicator under nonconvex technologies is a more convincing productivity measure when considering undesirable outputs in production technology.
The Bioactive Dietary Polyphenol Preparation Alleviates Depression and Anxiety‐Like Behaviors by Modulating the Regional Heterogeneity of Microglia Morphology
Authors: Yang Eun‐Jeong , Frolinger Tal , Iqbal Umar Haris , Murrough James , Pasinetti Giulio M.
Published: July 2023

Scope

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (BDPP), which is made up of grape‐derived polyphenols, on microglial responses, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in depression and anxiety‐like behaviors.

Methods and results

The study finds that treatment with BDPP significantly decreases depression‐like and anxiety‐like behaviors induced by chronic stress in mice, while leaving their locomotor activity unaffected. The study also finds that BDPP treatment reverses microglia activation in the amygdala and hippocampal formation, regions of the brain involved in emotional regulation, from an amoeboid shape to ramified shape. Additionally, BDPP treatment modulates the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐6 via high mobility box 1 protein and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (HMGB1‐RAGE) signaling pathway in activated microglia induced by chronic stress.

Conclusion

The findings suggest regional heterogeneity in microglial responses following chronic stress in subregions of the corticolimbic circuit. Specifically, activation of the immune‐inflammatory HMGB1‐RAGE pathway may provide a new avenue for preventing the manifestation of psychiatric impairments including stress‐induced anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior, using bioactive and bioavailable polyphenols.
Corruption: Governance challenge towards reducing unemployment in Nigeria
Authors: Fagbemi Fisayo , Fajingbesi Adeyemi , Osinubi Tolulope Temilola
Published: July 2023

The study examines the possibility of having a very low rate of unemployment in Nigeria, if there is a reduced rate of corruption in the long‐term. While using cointegration regressions and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) over the period 1996–2020, it is affirmed that corruption could increase unemployment rate in the long run. The two corruption indicators employed (control of corruption and corruption index) are found to have a substantial effect on unemployment rate. Further evidence confirms that corruption and unemployment are cyclically interdependent. Findings indeed stress that a high level of corruption is harmful to employment growth. On the other hand, in the absence of sufficient job opportunities, rent‐seeking government officials would be more interested in collecting bribes from job seekers, which results in sustained unlawful practices among the public officials. Thus, adopting effective corruption‐control measures is critical. It is therefore suggested that to effectively tackle corruption incidents, there should be incentives for citizens or public officials to report bribery and the process of reporting corruption incidents should be further simplified. Strengthening anti‐corruption agencies and developing a sound legal framework that promotes a culture of lawfulness and impeccable practices in the public sector are central.
“I won't get to live my life the way I planned it”: A qualitative analysis of the experiences of adolescents and young adults with advanced cancer
Authors: Barton Krysta S. , Steineck Angela , Walsh Casey A. , Lau Nancy , O'Donnell Maeve B. , Rosenberg Abby R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Individuals with advanced cancer face complex challenges, including prognostic uncertainty and evolving goals of care. Despite the unique psychosocial support needs of adolescents and young adults (AYAs), few studies have specifically examined AYA perspectives of and experiences with advanced cancer. The objective of this study was to describe the experience, needs, and perspectives of pediatric AYAs with advanced cancer.

Procedure

We invited English‐speaking AYAs (age 14–25 years) who were receiving treatment for advanced cancer at our single tertiary pediatric cancer center to participate in semi‐structured interviews. We used directed content analysis for codebook development and then applied in‐depth thematic network analysis to describe their perspectives and experiences with advanced cancer.

Results

A total of 32 AYAs (86% of approached) completed interviews. A slight majority were male (59%) and non‐Hispanic White (56%). Most were diagnosed with leukemia/lymphoma, had recurrent disease (84%), and were a mean 53 months from initial diagnosis. Organizing themes of “not being able to beat this,” “not wanting to miss out,” and “living each day” generated the global theme “do I have a future?” “Making tough medical decisions,” “adjusting life/plans/perspectives,” and “decisions about dying” were organized into the global theme “those decisions … were really hard.” “Feeling like there is no one to talk to,” “being away from family and friends,” and “feeling like a burden” generated the global theme “I felt very alone.”

Conclusions

Pediatric AYAs with advanced cancer describe unique challenges. Psychological support interventions are needed to empower AYAs to navigate difficult decisions and to cope with isolation.
Existence of Dark Energy Stars within Lower Mass Gap in the Realm of f(Q)$f(Q)$ Gravity
Authors: Bhar Piyali
Published: July 2023

The object of this article is to study a new class of dark energy stars in the background of gravity by using the metric potentials proposed by Krori‐Barua [J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 8:508 (1975)]. To achieve the goal, a quadratic form of as is taken into account for the static spherically symmetric spacetime,`a' being a coupling parameter of gravity. The maximum allowable masses with corresponding radii have been obtained via plots for and 8. The obtained maximum masses from our analysis are found in the range . For a smaller value of the coupling parameter ‘a’ associated with gravity, more massive stars are found. The radii corresponding to the maximum masses also increase with decreasing ‘a’. In particular, when , the theory can achieve a dark energy star of mass for certain specific combinations of model parameters. This obtained mass is located within a mass in the range of and that can be a lighter object in the GW190814 event detected by LIGO/VIRGO experiments.
Will Cape Verde attain COVID‐19 herd immunity? Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Otitodun Morolake Ibukunoluwa , Anyanwu Tobechukwu Innocentia , Abdulwasiu Muhsinah Adesewa , Sow Alhaji Umar , Carvalho‐Alves Maria de Fátima , Mendoca Maria da Luz Lima , Odey Goodness Ogeyi
Published: July 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of Cape Verde's healthcare system, prompting a swift and effective response. This article examines Cape Verde's comprehensive approach to the pandemic, focusing on epidemiology, the healthcare system, and the vaccination campaign. Recognizing the critical role of COVID‐19 vaccination in global efforts, Cape Verde has implemented strategic measures to achieve herd immunity. Although the country has achieved relatively high vaccination coverage in Africa, it still falls short of the necessary threshold. Challenges, including vaccine hesitancy, viral mutations, and supply chain insecurities, must be addressed. Sustained efforts, involving community participation and improved vaccine availability, are crucial. Furthermore, a robust pharmacovigilance system is essential for ensuring vaccination safety and enhancing health outcomes.
Assessing the benefit of variational quality control for assimilating Aeolus Mie and Rayleigh wind profiles in NOAA's global forecast system during tropical cyclones
Authors: Apodaca Karina , Cucurull Lidia , Genkova Iliana , Purser R. James , Su Xiujuan
Published: July 2023

In this article, we show a “proof‐of‐concept” study to assess the utility of a variational quality control algorithm in increasing the number of assimilated Aeolus Mie‐cloudy and Rayleigh‐clear winds in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s global data assimilation and forecast system. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Variational Quality Control (NCEP‐VQC) algorithm was tuned and applied during the minimization process. This type of quality control uses optimal control theory principles to treat outliers in the probability density function (PDF) of observational departure statistics, assuming that the observation errors follow a family of logistic distributions. In the case of Aeolus Mie‐cloudy and Rayleigh‐clear winds, the NCEP‐VQC algorithm permitted the relaxation of the gross error and one of the recommended ESA quality controls (reject Rayleigh‐clear observations below 850 hPa), assigned adaptive observation weights ranging from 0 to 1, and led to an increase in the number of retained Aeolus observations for the calculation of global analyses, which in turn improved the verification statistics on analyzed tropical storms This article discusses the advantage of implementing the NCEP‐VQC algorithm in the Aeolus data assimilation, the benefits of retaining more wind profiles that contribute to the analysis calculation, and shows improvements in the initialization and short‐term forecasts on several tropical cyclone cases.
Random perfect matchings in regular graphs
Authors: Granet Bertille , Joos Felix
Published: July 2023

We prove that in all regular robust expanders , every edge is asymptotically equally likely contained in a uniformly chosen perfect matching . We also show that given any fixed matching or spanning regular graph in , the random variable is approximately Poisson distributed. This in particular confirms a conjecture and a question due to Spiro and Surya, and complements results due to Kahn and Kim who proved that in a regular graph every vertex is asymptotically equally likely contained in a uniformly chosen matching. Our proofs rely on the switching method and the fact that simple random walks mix rapidly in robust expanders.
Impact of multiple soil microbial inoculants on biomass and biomass allocation of the legume crop field pea (Fabaceae: Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Glogoza Ben , Aldrich‐Wolfe Laura , Prasifka Jarrad R. , Prischmann‐Voldseth Deirdre A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Food production is a global challenge and consequently there is considerable interest in manipulating the rhizobiome using microbial inoculants (MI) to support sustainable agriculture. The effectiveness of MI needs to be evaluated under diverse environmental conditions, especially for nitrogen‐fixing legume crops, for which interactions between their associated bacteria and other soil biota may be particularly important.

Materials and Methods

We investigated how three commercially available types of plant growth‐promoting MI, alone and in combination (B5: five species of Bacillus bacteria, GP: four species of Trichoderma fungi, N2: Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria) impacted field pea (Fabales: Fabaceae, Pisum sativum L.) in the greenhouse and a 2‐year field experiment.

Results

In the greenhouse, we found that effects of MI on plant performance varied, with positive effects of MI only apparent when plants were grown in the winter and likely under greater stress, because they lacked nodules. Plants grown in the summer had nodules and 2‐week‐old MI plants had less root biomass and total plant weight than noninoculated controls, but the weight of 4‐week‐old MI plants was similar to or greater than that of the controls. In the field, the root‐to‐shoot biomass ratio was highest in noninoculated controls and positive effects of N2 on shoots and B5 on shoots and pod densities did not translate into differences in pod weight or total plant weight. In most cases, plants inoculated with all three inoculants performed similar to those receiving a single inoculant, whereas root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was higher for B5 plants than plants in the other treatments.

Conclusions

Overall, B5 was the inoculant most often associated with increased plant biomass. This research underscores the need to consider microbial and environmental context when evaluating MI.
Rematching on‐the‐fly: Sequential matched randomization and a case for covariate‐adjusted randomization
Authors: Chipman Jonathan J. , Mayberry Lindsay , Greevy Robert A.
Published: July 2023

Covariate‐adjusted randomization (CAR) can reduce the risk of covariate imbalance and, when accounted for in analysis, increase the power of a trial. Despite CAR advances, stratified randomization remains the most common CAR method. Matched randomization (MR) randomizes treatment assignment within optimally identified matched pairs based on covariates and a distance matrix. When participants enroll sequentially, sequentially matched randomization (SMR) randomizes within matches found “on‐the‐fly” to meet a pre‐specified matching threshold. However, pre‐specifying the ideal threshold can be challenging and SMR yields less‐optimal matches than MR. We extend SMR to allow multiple participants to be randomized simultaneously, to use a dynamic threshold, and to allow matches to break and rematch if a better match later enrolls (sequential rematched randomization; SRR). In simplified settings and a real‐world application, we assess whether these extensions improve covariate balance, estimator/study efficiency, and optimality of matches. We investigate whether adjusting for more covariates can be detrimental upon covariate balance and efficiency as is the case of traditional stratified randomization. As secondary objectives, we use the case study to assess how SMR schemes compare side‐by‐side with common and related CAR schemes and whether adjusting for covariates in the design can be as powerful as adjusting for covariates in a parametric model. We find each SMR extension, individually and collectively, to improve covariate balance, estimator efficiency, study power, and quality of matches. We provide a case‐study where CAR schemes with randomization‐based inference can be as and more powerful than non‐CAR schemes with parametric adjustment for covariates.
Twisted or Planar? Side‐Chain Tailoring of Fluorene‐Based Hole‐Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Maning , Matta Sri Kasi , Almasri Alaa , Tian Jingshu , Wang Hongzhen , Pasanen Hannu Pekka , Russo Salvy P. , Vivo Paola , Zhang Haichang
Published: July 2023

The functionalization of small‐molecule hole‐transport materials (HTMs) heavily relies on the rational design of molecular geometry, which can optimize both intrinsic HTM properties and interfacial properties for realizing high‐performance and stable lead halide perovskite solar cells (LHPSCs). Herein, two fluorene‐based donor–π linker–donor HTMs are seen, FL01 and FL02, whose side chains are tailored with planar phenyl‐carbazole groups and twisted triphenylamine groups, respectively. Benefiting from the high conformational flexibility of twisted side chains, the strong and oriented interaction via PbO bonding is well coordinated at the perovskite and FL02 interface, which favors the interfacial charge transfer as well as the protection of perovskite layer by effectively blocking or mitigating the diffusion of hygroscopic dopants toward the perovskite surface. Consequently, the performance of FL02 HTM‐based n–i–p LHPSCs is significantly enhanced by achieving a power conversion efficiency of 17.8%, which is twice higher than that (8.6%) of FL01 HTM‐based ones and comparable with the case (18.8%) of conventional spiro‐OMeTAD HTM‐based devices. More importantly, the FL02‐based devices exhibit impressively high operation and storage stabilities with T80 and TS80 lifetimes of >98 h and ≈270 days, respectively, which are among the longest lifespans for the type of hygroscopically doped LHPSCs.
Profile‐pseudo likelihood methods for community detection of multilayer stochastic block models
Authors: Fu Kang , Hu Jianwei
Published: July 2023

The multilayer stochastic block model is one of the fundamental models in multilayer networks and is often used to represent multiple types of relations between different individuals. In this paper, we extend the profile‐pseudo likelihood method for the single‐layer stochastic block model to the case of the multilayer stochastic block model. Specifically, by assuming all network layers have identical community membership labels, we investigate the multilayer stochastic block model with a common community structure. In this paper, we develop a profile‐pseudo likelihood algorithm to fit a multilayer stochastic block model and estimate the community label. Meantime, we prove that the algorithm has convergence guarantee and that the estimated community label is strongly consistent. Further, for estimating the number of communities
, we extend the corrected Bayesian information criterion to multilayer stochastic block models. We also extend this algorithm to fit the multilayer degree‐corrected stochastic block model. Both simulation studies and real‐world data examples indicate that the proposed method works well.
Stainless steel reinforcement: New material in the latest draft of second‐generation Eurocode 2
Authors: Matres Victoria , Fernández Juan José , López María , Peiró Luis , Madrid Antonio José , Rebolledo Nuria , Torres Julio , Sánchez Javier
Published: July 2023

The durability of reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments is affected by corrosion of carbon steel reinforcement. For this reason, it is of great practical interest to look for alternative solutions guaranteeing durability through the incorporation of corrosion‐resistant materials, such as stainless steel rebars. This type of steel is specially recommended for structures with a long lifespan, located in aggressive environments, with chlorides or de‐icing salts, and for structures where repair, inspection and rehabilitation is complicated. This solution presents a challenge from the point of view of the materials themselves, the mechanical design and their durability. This article presents the material properties of stainless steel and their influence on concrete structures. Furthermore, it is explained how these properties have been taken into account in the latest draft of the second‐generation Eurocode 2.
Das Protokoll gibt es nicht
Authors: Just Thomas
Published: July 2023

Der Beitrag behandelt anhand der Bestände des Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchivs in Wien die verschiedensten Ausformungen von Protokollen im klassischen Archivzusammenhang. Neben einer versuchten Übersicht über die im Archiv vorkommenden Protokollausprägungen wird kurz versucht einen Weg zur zeitgenmäßen Nutzung dieser oftmals nur schwer handhabbaren Quellengattung aufzuzeigen. The article deals with the various forms of protocols in the classical archive context on the basis of the holdings of the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna. In addition to an attempted overview of the types of minutes found in the archives, a brief attempt is made to show a way of using this often difficult-to-handle source genre in a contemporary manner.
Protokollieren und Formatieren. Zur Mediengeschichte des credit reports
Authors: Gießmann Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Der Beitrag folgt protokollarischen Schreibpraktiken, die zur Ausbildung der nordamerikanischen Kultur des Kreditgebens beigetragen haben. Er rekonstruiert die institutionelle und medienpraktische Entstehung des credit report im 19. Jahrhundert. Auf dessen narrativen und klassifizierenden Bewertungen von Kreditwürdigkeit beruht, so die These, die Konjunktur des prestigeträchtigen Bezahlens mit Kreditkarten im 20. Jahrhundert. Die protokollierenden Praktiken – in der Kreditauskunft, aber auch in der Registratur von Transaktionen – führen darin zur Ausbildung von fixierenden Karten- und Datenformaten und Standardisierungen. Diese werden wiederum für die Finanzmedieninteraktion protokollarisch, d.h. vorschreibend wirksam.
»Everything that happens to a photo«. Über analoge und digitale Protokolle der Bildlogistik
Authors: Meyer Roland
Published: July 2023

Ausgehend von neueren Initiativen zur digitalen Bildauthentifizierung wie dem News Provenance Project geht der Beitrag der Rolle von Protokollen bei der Stabilisierung bildlicher Referenz nach. Im Rückblick auf die Geschichte der Instrumentalisierung technischer Bilder zeigt sich: Wo immer Bilder zu stabilen und belastbaren Informationsträgern in arbeitsteiligen Abläufen und weitläufigen Netzwerken werden sollen, schreiben standardisierte und standardisierende Protokolle der Bildlogistik vor, wie mit technischen Bildaufzeichnungen zu verfahren ist, und erlauben zugleich die Aufzeichnung der Bedingungen, unter denen Bilder hergestellt, distribuiert und mit Informationen angereichert werden. In dieser Hinsicht gibt es keinen Bruch zwischen analoger und digitaler Bildpraxis: Stabile bildliche Referenz hing immer schon an Protokollen der Stabilisierung. Allerdings, so die These des Beitrags, findet derzeit mit digitalen Aufzeichnungstechniken und sozialen Netzwerken der Bilddistribution eine radikale Ausweitung des Feldes des Protokollierbaren statt: Wo es möglich wird, die gesamte content journey, »everything that happens to a photo«, automatisiert zu registrieren und dauerhaft zu speichern, wird bildlogistische Protokollierung zum unabschließbaren Prozess. Damit verschiebt sich auch der Einsatz bildlogistischer Protokolle von der Standardisierung der Produktionsbedingungen zur Regulierung der Distribution, und von der Dokumentation einmaliger Aufzeichnungsakte zur sequenziellen Registrierung von Transaktionen.
Punkte und Linien. Zum Sünden-Protokoll in Ignatius von Loyolas Exercitia spiritualia
Authors: Bähr Andreas
Published: July 2023

Der Aufsatz stellt die Vorgaben für ein Sündenprotokoll vor, wie sie in Ignatius von Loyolas Geistlichen Übungen zu finden sind. Er vergleicht diese jesuitische Schreibpraxis zum einen mit pietistisch-puritanischen ›Seelenprotokollen‹ und zum anderen mit nicht genuin geistlichen Sündenregistern: mit chronikalischen Berichten von Leid und Gewalt, wie sie in den Kriegszusammenhängen des 17. Jahrhunderts entstanden sind. Der Artikel fragt nach den Besonderheiten religiöser oder religiös grundierter Protokolle in der Frühen Neuzeit: nach Verzeichnissen heilsrelevanter Geschehensabläufe; und damit fragt er umgekehrt nach der spezifischen Protokollstruktur religiöser Praktiken der Selbstvergewisserung und Gewissenserforschung. Dabei werden die unterschiedlichen Räumlichkeiten herausgearbeitet, die die Struktur, das Verfahren und den epistemischen Wert des Protokollierens regieren und in denen die quantitativen Dimensionen des Religiösen aufscheinen.
Über das literarische Protokoll und seine Ästhetik
Authors: Drügh Heinz
Published: July 2023

Dem Beitrag geht es um zwei Aspekte des Protokolls, die über seine direkte Funktion hinausgehen. Dies sind erstens die durchaus emotionale Geste, die je nach Kontext vom vermeintlich so nüchternen Protokoll oder genauer vom Akt des Protokollierens vollführt wird. In Verbindung damit steht zweitens zur Debatte, inwiefern die Logik des Protokolls, sein Anspruch auf Wahrheit sowie auf ihre prinzipiell mögliche Weiterverhandlung in einer erweiterten Öffentlichkeit, spannungsvoll mit der Grundstruktur literarischer Ästhetik verbunden sind. Strukturell geraten dadurch zwei Probleme protokollbasierter Verfahren in den Blick: einerseits wie das Ziel des Protokolls, Mitteilbarkeit und Weiterverhandlung zu generieren, durch den Duktus formaler Nüchternheit und apolitischer Unmittelbarkeit, durch sein anästhetisches Format, konterkariert wird; und andererseits inwiefern Literatur das Protokoll durch das Ausspielen der ästhetischen Karte für die wesentlich erforderte Weiterverhandlung öffnen und dadurch in eigener Sache einen Gültigkeitsanspruch außerhalb der eigenen literarischen Sphäre behaupten kann.
Kritik der Hochschulreform von 1969 in Westberlin. Zur Frage von Protokoll und Protest in Klaus Heinrichs Dahlemer Vorlesungen
Authors: Mirbeth Jonas
Published: July 2023

Die Universitäten Westberlins erhielten 1969 ein neues Hochschulgesetz. Die Hochschulreform sollte strukturelle Probleme an den Universitäten lösen sowie im Anschluss an die Protestereignisse von Achtundsechzig deeskalierend wirken. Am Fachbereich Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin jedoch waren anhaltende Debatten um die Neugliederung des Fachbereichs die Folge. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der Beitrag die Herstellungsgeschichte der Dahlemer Vorlesungen des Berliner Religionsprofessors Klaus Heinrich. Die Vorlesungen zeugen als eine Art Supplement-Protokoll von dieser Auseinandersetzung über fachgeschichtliche Autonomie in den 1970er Jahren. Untersucht werden dafür Textstellen, in denen die Fachbereichsratssitzungen Thema sind und in denen die Vorlesungen die Rolle einer protokollarischen Instanz einnehmen. Heinrich stellte den einzelnen Sitzungen hochschulpolitische Vorbemerkungen voran. Diese müssen, so die These des Beitrags, auf ihre Inszenierung der protokollarischen Schreibhandlung befragt werden. Der Beitrag begreift Heinrichs Vorlesungen damit als eine Art zweites Protokoll, in welchem der Fachbereichsstreit aus der Perspektive eines ‚kleinen Fachs‘ dokumentiert wurde – und arbeitet dafür die protokollarischen Selbstinszenierungspraktiken kritisch auf.
Symmetries in Celestial CFTd
Authors: Pano Yorgo , Puhm Andrea , Trevisani Emilio
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We use tools from conformal representation theory to classify the symmetries associated to conformally soft operators in celestial CFT (CCFT) in general dimensions d. The conformal multiplets in d > 2 take the form of celestial necklaces whose structure is much richer than the celestial diamonds in d = 2, it depends on whether d is even or odd and involves mixed-symmetric tensor representations of SO(d). The existence of primary descendants in CCFT multiplets corresponds to (higher derivative) conservation equations for conformally soft operators. We lay out a unified method for constructing the conserved charges associated to operators with primary descendants. In contrast to the infinite local symmetry enhancement in CCFT2, we find the soft symmetries in CCFTd>2 to be finite-dimensional. The conserved charges that follow directly from soft theorems are trivial in d > 2, while non trivial charges associated to (generalized) currents and stress tensor are obtained from the shadow transform of soft operators which we relate to (an analytic continuation of) a specific type of primary descendants. We aim at a pedagogical discussion synthesizing various results in the literature.
Non-Gaussianities in generalized non-local R2-like inflation
Authors: Koshelev Alexey S. , Kumar K. Sravan , Starobinsky Alexei A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In [1], a most general higher curvature non-local gravity action was derived that admits a particular R2-like inflationary solution predicting the spectral index of primordial scalar perturbations $$ {n}_s(N)\approx 1-\frac{1}{2} $$

n
s

N

≈
1
−

1
2

, where N is the number of e-folds before the end of inflation, N ≫ 1, any value of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r(N) < 0.036 and the tensor tilt nt(N) violating the r = –8nt condition. In this paper, we compute scalar primordial non-Gaussianities (PNGs) in this theory and effectively demonstrate that higher curvature non-local terms lead to reduced bispectrum fNL (k1, k2, k3) mimicking several classes of scalar field models of inflation known in the literature. We obtain |fNL| ~ O(1 – 10) in the equilateral, orthogonal, and squeezed limits and the running of these PNGs measured by the quantity $$ \left|\frac{d\ln {f}_{\textrm{NL}}}{d\ln k}\right|\lesssim 1 $$

d
ln

f
NL

d
ln
k

≲
1
. Such PNGs are sufficiently large to be measurable by future CMB and Large Scale Structure observations, thus providing a possibility to probe the nature of quantum gravity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the R2-like inflation in non-local modification of gravity brings non-trivial predictions which go beyond the current status of effective field theories (EFTs) of single field, quasi-single field and multiple field inflation. A distinguishable feature of non-local R2-like inflation compared to local EFTs is that we can have running of PNGs at least an order of magnitude higher. In summary, through our generalized non-local R2-like inflation, we obtain a robust geometric framework of inflation that can explain any detection of observable quantities related to scalar PNGs.
Diagnostic value of protein S100b as predictor of traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in elderly adults with low-energy falls: results from a retrospective observational study
Authors: Wania Rebecca , Lampart Alina , Niedermeier Sandra , Stahl Robert , Trumm Christoph , Reidler Paul , Kammerlander Christian , Böcker Wolfgang , Klein Matthias , Pedersen Vera
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to analyse the clinical value of protein S100b (S100b) in association with clinical findings and anticoagulation therapy in predicting traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (tICH) and unfavourable outcomes in elderly individuals with low-energy falls (LEF).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study in the emergency department (ED) of the LMU University Hospital, Munich by consecutively including all patients aged ≥ 65 years presenting to the ED following a LEF between September 2014 and December 2016 and receiving an emergency cranial computed tomography (cCT) examination. Primary endpoint was the prevalence of tICH. Multivariate logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics were used to measure the association between clinical findings, anticoagulation therapy and S100b and tICH.

Results

We included 2687 patients, median age was 81 years (60.4% women). Prevalence of tICH was 6.7% (180/2687) and in-hospital mortality was 6.1% (11/180). Skull fractures were highly associated with tICH (odds ratio OR 46.3; 95% confidence interval CI 19.3–123.8, p < 0.001). Neither anticoagulation therapy nor S100b values were significantly associated with tICH (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.71–1.86; OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.90–1.25, respectively). Sensitivity of S100b (cut-off: 0.1 ng/ml) was 91.6% (CI 95% 85.1–95.9), specificity was 17.8% (CI 95% 16–19.6), and the area under the curve value was 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 − 0.64) for predicting tICH.

Conclusion

In conclusion, under real ED conditions, neither clinical findings nor protein S100b concentrations or presence of anticoagulation therapy was sufficient to decide with certainty whether a cCT scan can be bypassed in elderly patients with LEF. Further prospective validation is required.
An unwelcome inheritance: childhood obesity after diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Meek Claire L.
Published: July 2023

Diabetes in pregnancy affects 20 million women per year and is associated with increased risk of obesity in offspring, leading to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease. Despite the substantial public health ramifications, relatively little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity in these high-risk children, which creates a barrier to successful intervention. While maternal glucose itself is undeniably a major stimulus upon intrauterine growth, the degree of offspring hyperinsulinism and disturbed lipid metabolism in mothers and offspring are also likely to be implicated in the disease process. The aim of this review is to summarise current understanding of the pathophysiology of childhood obesity after intrauterine exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia and to highlight possible opportunities for intervention. I present here a new unified hypothesis for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in infants born to mothers with diabetes, which involves self-perpetuating twin cycles of pancreatic beta cell hyperfunction and altered lipid metabolism, both acutely and chronically upregulated by intrauterine exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia.

Graphical Abstract
Persistent animal identification leveraging non-visual markers
Authors: Camilleri Michael P. J. , Zhang Li , Bains Rasneer S. , Zisserman Andrew , Williams Christopher K. I.
Published: July 2023

Our objective is to locate and provide a unique identifier for each mouse in a cluttered home-cage environment through time, as a precursor to automated behaviour recognition for biological research. This is a very challenging problem due to (i) the lack of distinguishing visual features for each mouse, and (ii) the close confines of the scene with constant occlusion, making standard visual tracking approaches unusable. However, a coarse estimate of each mouse’s location is available from a unique RFID implant, so there is the potential to optimally combine information from (weak) tracking with coarse information on identity. To achieve our objective, we make the following key contributions: (a) the formulation of theobject identificationproblem as an assignment problem (solved using Integer Linear Programming), (b) a novel probabilistic model of the affinity between tracklets and RFID data, and (c) a curated dataset with per-frame BB and regularly spaced ground-truth annotations for evaluating the models. The latter is a crucial part of the model, as it provides a principled probabilistic treatment of object detections given coarse localisation. Our approach achieves 77% accuracy on this animal identification problem, and is able to reject spurious detections when the animals are hidden.
Optimizing the macrostructure of 3D-printed pipe surfaces to improve cleanability
Authors: Hanisch Tobias , Joppa Matthias , Eisenrauch Vincent , Jacob Sebastian , Mauermann Marc
Published: July 2023

Efficient heat transfer is essential for the economically sustainable operation of heat exchangers. Therefore, the internal flow is influenced systematically in various ways, for example by introducing macrostructures on the pipe surface. Since these measures may negatively affect the cleanability of the heat exchanger, it is necessary to investigate not only the increase in heat transfer, but also their impact on cleaning processes. For this purpose, the cleaning of sour milk in dimple-structured pipes is investigated experimentally. Both macroscopic and microbial cleaning tests are conducted to assess the influence of the surface’s macrostructure on cleanability. Two geometry variations of dimple-structured pipes are investigated and compared to a straight pipe Although fouling is enhanced by the dimple structures, a higher macroscopic cleaning rate can be achieved with the optimized dimple. Moreover, the residual microbial contamination decreases significantly due to the introduction of dimples. All in all, the cleaning experiments confirm the positive influence of the dimple structures on cleanability.