bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acylated- and unacylated ghrelin during an oral glucose tolerance test in humans at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wolf Magnus , Heni Martin , Hennige Anita M. , Sippel Katrin , Cegan Alexander , Higuita Lina María Serna , Martus Peter , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas , Peter Andreas
Published: July 2023

Background/Objectives

The orexigenic peptide hormone ghrelin has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus through its effects on nutrient homeostasis. Ghrelin is subject to a unique post-translational acyl modification regulating its biochemical activity.

Subjects/Methods

In this study we aimed to investigate the relation of acylated (AcG) as well as unacylated ghrelin (UnG) with body weight and insulin resistance in the fasting (n = 545) and post-oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) state (n = 245) in a metabolically well characterized cohort covering a broad range of BMI (17.95 kg/m²–76.25 kg/m²).

Results

Fasting AcG (median 94.2 pg/ml) and UnG (median 175.3 pg/ml) were negatively and the AcG/UnG ratio was positively correlated with BMI (all p < 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity (ISI) correlated positively with AcG (p = 0.0014) and UnG (p = 0.0004) but not with the AcG/UnG ratio. In a multivariate analysis, including ISI and BMI, only BMI, but not ISI was independently associated with AcG and UnG concentrations. Significant changes of AcG and UnG concentrations were detectable after oGTT stimulation, with slight decreases after 30 min and increases after 90–120 min. Subject stratification into BMI-divergent groups revealed more pronounced AcG increases in the two groups with BMI < 40 kg/m².

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate lower concentrations for both AcG and UnG with increasing BMI as well as an increased proportion of the biologically active, acylated form of ghrelin giving point to pharmacologic intervention in ghrelin acylation and/or increase in UnG for treatment of obesity despite decreased absolute AcG levels.
A multi-omics integrative approach unravels novel genes and pathways associated with senescence escape after targeted therapy in NRAS mutant melanoma
Authors: Gureghian Vincent , Herbst Hailee , Kozar Ines , Mihajlovic Katarina , Malod-Dognin Noël , Ceddia Gaia , Angeli Cristian , Margue Christiane , Randic Tijana , Philippidou Demetra , Nomigni Milène Tetsi , Hemedan Ahmed , Tranchevent Leon-Charles , Longworth Joseph , Bauer Mark , Badkas Apurva , Gaigneaux Anthoula , Muller Arnaud , Ostaszewski Marek , Tolle Fabrice , Pržulj Nataša , Kreis Stephanie
Published: July 2023

Therapy Induced Senescence (TIS) leads to sustained growth arrest of cancer cells. The associated cytostasis has been shown to be reversible and cells escaping senescence further enhance the aggressiveness of cancers. Chemicals specifically targeting senescent cells, so-called senolytics, constitute a promising avenue for improved cancer treatment in combination with targeted therapies. Understanding how cancer cells evade senescence is needed to optimise the clinical benefits of this therapeutic approach. Here we characterised the response of three different NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines to a combination of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors over 33 days. Transcriptomic data show that all cell lines trigger a senescence programme coupled with strong induction of interferons. Kinome profiling revealed the activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) and enriched downstream signaling of neurotrophin, ErbB and insulin pathways. Characterisation of the miRNA interactome associates miR-211-5p with resistant phenotypes. Finally, iCell-based integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data identifies biological processes perturbed during senescence and predicts 90 new genes involved in its escape. Overall, our data associate insulin signaling with persistence of a senescent phenotype and suggest a new role for interferon gamma in senescence escape through the induction of EMT and the activation of ERK5 signaling.
On the quantification of sample microstructure using single-exposure x-ray dark-field imaging via a single-grid setup
Authors: How Ying Ying , Paganin David M. , Morgan Kaye S.
Published: July 2023

The size of the smallest detectable sample feature in an x-ray imaging system is usually restricted by the spatial resolution of the system. This limitation can now be overcome using the diffusive dark-field signal, which is generated by unresolved phase effects or the ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering from unresolved sample microstructures. A quantitative measure of this dark-field signal can be useful in revealing the microstructure size or material for medical diagnosis, security screening and materials science. Recently, we derived a new method to quantify the diffusive dark-field signal in terms of a scattering angle using a single-exposure grid-based approach. In this manuscript, we look at the problem of quantifying the sample microstructure size from this single-exposure dark-field signal. We do this by quantifying the diffusive dark-field signal produced by 5 different sizes of polystyrene microspheres, ranging from 1.0 to 10.8 µm, to investigate how the strength of the extracted dark-field signal changes with the sample microstructure size,$$S$$S. We also explore the feasibility of performing single-exposure dark-field imaging with a simple equation for the optimal propagation distance, given microstructure with a specific size and thickness, and show consistency between this model and experimental data. Our theoretical model predicts that the dark-field scattering angle is inversely proportional to$$\sqrt{S}$$S, which is also consistent with our experimental data.
Beat-wise segmentation of electrocardiogram using adaptive windowing and deep neural network
Authors: Niroshana S. M. Isuru , Kuroda Satoshi , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Chen Wenxi
Published: July 2023

Timely detection of anomalies and automatic interpretation of an electrocardiogram (ECG) play a crucial role in many healthcare applications, such as patient monitoring and post treatments. Beat-wise segmentation is one of the essential steps in ensuring the confidence and fidelity of many automatic ECG classification methods. In this sense, we present a reliable ECG beat segmentation technique using a CNN model with an adaptive windowing algorithm. The proposed adaptive windowing algorithm can recognise cardiac cycle events and perform segmentation, including regular and irregular beats from an ECG signal with satisfactorily accurate boundaries.The proposed algorithm was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively based on the annotations provided with the datasets and beat-wise manual inspection. The algorithm performed satisfactorily well for the MIT-BIH dataset with a 99.08% accuracy and a 99.08% of F1-score in detecting heartbeats along with a 99.25% of accuracy in determining correct boundaries. The proposed method successfully detected heartbeats from the European S-T database with a 98.3% accuracy and 97.4% precision. The algorithm showed 99.4% of accuracy and precision for Fantasia database. In summary, the algorithm’s overall performance on these three datasets suggests a high possibility of applying this algorithm in various applications in ECG analysis, including clinical applications with greater confidence.
Cranial geometry in patients with dystonia and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fujikawa Joji , Morigaki Ryoma , Miyake Kazuhisa , Matsuda Taku , Koyama Hiroshi , Oda Teruo , Yamamoto Nobuaki , Izumi Yuishin , Mure Hideo , Goto Satoshi , Takagi Yasushi
Published: July 2023

Abnormal skull shape has been reported in brain disorders. However, no studies have investigated cranial geometry in neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the cranial geometry of patients with dystonia or Parkinson's disease (PD). Cranial computed tomography images of 36 patients each with idiopathic dystonia (IDYS), PD, and chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) were analyzed. Those with IDYS had a significantly higher occipital index (OI) than those with CSDH (p = 0.014). When cephalic index (CI) was divided into the normal and abnormal groups, there was a significant difference between those with IDYS and CSDH (p = 0.000, α = 0.017) and between PD and CSDH (p = 0.031, α = 0.033). The age of onset was significantly correlated with the CI of IDYS (τ = − 0.282,p = 0.016). The Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor score (BFMDRS-M) showed a significant correlation with OI in IDYS (τ = 0.372,p = 0.002). The cranial geometry of patients with IDYS was significantly different from that of patients with CSDH. There was a significant correlation between age of onset and CI, as well as between BFMDRS-M and OI, suggesting that short heads in the growth phase and skull balance might be related to the genesis of dystonia and its effect on motor symptoms.
Parametrically driving a quantum oscillator into exceptionality
Authors: Downing C. A. , Vidiella-Barranco A.
Published: July 2023

The mathematical objects employed in physical theories do not always behave well. Einstein’s theory of space and time allows for spacetime singularities and Van Hove singularities arise in condensed matter physics, while intensity, phase and polarization singularities pervade wave physics. Within dissipative systems governed by matrices, singularities occur at the exceptional points in parameter space whereby some eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce simultaneously. However, the nature of exceptional points arising in quantum systems described within an open quantum systems approach has been much less studied. Here we consider a quantum oscillator driven parametrically and subject to loss. This squeezed system exhibits an exceptional point in the dynamical equations describing its first and second moments, which acts as a borderland between two phases with distinctive physical consequences. In particular, we discuss how the populations, correlations, squeezed quadratures and optical spectra crucially depend on being above or below the exceptional point. We also remark upon the presence of a dissipative phase transition at a critical point, which is associated with the closing of the Liouvillian gap. Our results invite the experimental probing of quantum resonators under two-photon driving, and perhaps a reappraisal of exceptional and critical points within dissipative quantum systems more generally.
Early functional connectivity alterations in contralesional motor networks influence outcome after severe stroke: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Braaß Hanna , Gutgesell Lily , Backhaus Winifried , Higgen Focko L. , Quandt Fanny , Choe Chi-un , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert
Published: July 2023

Connectivity studies have significantly extended the knowledge on motor network alterations after stroke. Compared to interhemispheric or ipsilesional networks, changes in the contralesional hemisphere are poorly understood. Data obtained in the acute stage after stroke and in severely impaired patients are remarkably limited. This exploratory, preliminary study aimed to investigate early functional connectivity changes of the contralesional parieto-frontal motor network and their relevance for the functional outcome after severe motor stroke. Resting-state functional imaging data were acquired in 19 patients within the first 2 weeks after severe stroke. Nineteen healthy participants served as a control group. Functional connectivity was calculated from five key motor areas of the parieto-frontal network on the contralesional hemisphere as seed regions and compared between the groups. Connections exhibiting stroke-related alterations were correlated with clinical follow-up data obtained after 3–6 months. The main finding was an increase in coupling strength between the contralesional supplementary motor area and the sensorimotor cortex. This increase was linked to persistent clinical deficits at follow-up. Thus, an upregulation in contralesional motor network connectivity might be an early pattern in severely impaired stroke patients. It might carry relevant information regarding the outcome which adds to the current concepts of brain network alterations and recovery processes after severe stroke.
Nanoliposomes containing three essential oils from the Artemisia genus as effective larvicides against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Sanei-Dehkordi Alireza , Ghasemian Abdolmajid , Zarenezhad Elham , Qasemi Hajar , Nasiri Mahdi , Osanloo Mahmoud
Published: July 2023

Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi have challenged human health by transmitting several infectious disease agents, such as malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever. Larvicides, especially in endemic regions, is an effective approach to the control of mosquito-borne diseases. In this study, the composition of three essential oil from the Artemisia L. family was analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Afterward, nanoliposomes containing essential oils of A. annua, A. dracunculus, and A. sieberi with particle sizes of 137 ± 5, 151 ± 6, and 92 ± 5 nm were prepared. Besides, their zeta potential values were obtained at 32 ± 0.5, 32 ± 0.6, and 43 ± 1.7 mV. ATR-FTIR analysis (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform InfraRed) confirmed the successful loading of the essential oils. Moreover, The LC50 values of nanoliposomes against Ae. aegypti larvae were 34, 151, and 197 µg/mL. These values for An.stephensi were obtained as 23 and 90, and 140 µg/mL, respectively. The results revealed that nanoliposomes containing A. dracunculus exerted the highest potential larvicidal effect against Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, which can be considered against other mosquitoes.
Comment on “Catalyst- and additive-free sunlight-induced autoxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids” by H. Shi, J. Li, T. Wang, M. Rudolph and A. S. K. Hashmi, Green Chem., 2022, 24, 5835
Authors: Favre-Réguillon Alain , Vanoye Laurent
Published: July 2023

Similar experimental conditions for the aerobic oxidation of aldehydes but different isolated yields and reaction times have been recently published in Green Chemistry. These reactions have been reinvestigated.
A new look at an old classic: implementation of a SERS-based water hardness titration
Authors: Duong Ngoc Mai , Noclain Angélina , Reichel Victoria E. , de Cordovez Pierre , Di Meglio Jean-Marc , Hersen Pascal , Charron Gaëlle
Published: July 2023

The principle of complexometric titration is here revisited in SERS on the case of water hardness determination. The SERS signal abruptly switches about the equivalence, enabling quantitative SERS analysis without the need for tedious calibration.
A microfluidic electrophoretic dual dynamic staining method for the identification and relative quantitation of dsRNA contaminants in mRNA vaccines
Authors: Coll De Peña Adriana , Li Nina , Vaduva Matei , Bwanali Lloyd , Tripathi Anubhav
Published: July 2023

mRNA vaccines (i.e., COVID-19 vaccine) offer various advantages over traditional vaccines in preventing and reducing disease and shortening the time between pathogen discovery and vaccine creation.
Microfluidic encapsulation of DNAs in liquid beads for digital PCR application
Authors: Galogahi Fariba Malekpour , Christie Melody , Yadav Ajeet Singh , An Hongjie , Stratton Helen , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: July 2023

This paper reports a digital polymerase chain reaction platform with liquid beads, liquid droplets encapsulated in a hard shell.
Construction of a hydrophobic–hydrophilic open-droplet microfluidic chemosensor towards colorimetric/spectrophotometric recognition of quetiapine fumarate: a cost-benefit method for biomedical analysis using a smartphone
Authors: Baghban Hossein Navay , Ghaseminasab Kambiz , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Quetiapine fumarate (QF) is used to treat a number of mental/emotional diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and abrupt bouts of mania or depression linked to bipolar disorder.
Self-assembling materials functionalizing bio-interfaces of phospholipid membranes and extracellular matrices
Authors: Uchida Noriyuki , Muraoka Takahiro
Published: July 2023

This article highlights the development of bioinspired supramolecular materials, i.e., synthetic extracellular matrices and membrane-deforming materials, mimicking the contact events seen at bio-interfaces for applications in injured brain regeneration and in vivo delivery.
Trifunctional imidazolium bromide: a high-efficiency redox mediator for high-performance Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Wei , Sun Xinyi , Mu Xiaowei , Sheng Chuanchao , Wen Zhang , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: July 2023

1-Aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide is introduced into dimethyl sulfoxide-based Li–O2 batteries, which delivered an enlarged discharge capacity, a reduced charge overpotential of around 0.61 V and a prolonged cyclic life of over 200 cycles.
Nanoclay-modulated copper cysteamine composites for enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Wang Hao , Liang Xiaozheng , Tang Yili , Yang Huaming
Published: July 2023

Copper cysteamine (CC) loaded with montmorillonite (MMT) forms a montmorillonite-copper cysteamine (MCC) composite exhibiting enhanced fluorescence properties.
Linker length-dependent hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis performance over crystalline covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Yingchu , Chen Yue , Peng Xueqing , Zhang Hengqiang , Kong Aiguo
Published: July 2023

The imine COFs with longer linkers exhibited higher H2O2photoproduction rate in pure water, owing to their more negative conductor band and better separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers.
Theoretical characterization of two-photon fluorescent probes for nitric oxide detection: sensing mechanism, photophysical properties and protonation effects
Authors: Jiao Yawen , Dong Xiaoxu , Ran Xin , Deng Qiyun , Xiao Haibin , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Tian
Published: July 2023

The inhibition of PET is responsible for the fluorescence mechanism of NINO sensing NO, whereas the faster radiative and slower non-radiative transitions account for the turn-on fluorescence of PYSNO detecting NO.
Scalable production of foam-like nickel–molybdenum coatings via plasma spraying as bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Wu Xiuyu , Piñeiro-García Alexis , Rafei Mouna , Boulanger Nicolas , Canto-Aguilar Esdras Josué , Gracia-Espino Eduardo
Published: July 2023

Large-scale production of foam-like nanostructured Ni4Mo exhibiting high activity towards both hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media.
Towards a realistic prediction of catalyst durability from liquid half-cell tests
Authors: Imhof Timo , Della Bella Roberta K. F. , Stühmeier Björn M. , Gasteiger Hubert A. , Ledendecker Marc
Published: July 2023

Our proposed degradation protocol enables application-relevant stability testing of oxygen reduction catalysts in aqueous model systems.
Solvent-free synthesis of magnesium phosphite-oxalates that show second-harmonic generation responses
Authors: Luo Lisiteng , Wen Xuemei , Cheng Juan , Li Jing , Zeng Hongmei , Zou Guohong , Lin Zhien
Published: July 2023

Two amine-templated magnesium phosphite-oxalates have been prepared under solvent-free conditions, both of which exhibit moderate second-harmonic generation responses under 1064 nm laser irradiation.
Concluding remarks: Faraday Discussion on astrochemistry at high resolution
Authors: Millar T. J.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a brief history of astrochemistry, summarises recent research presented at this Faraday Discussion and offers some thoughts on the future development of the subject.
Facile fabrication of NiCo-LDH on activated rice husk carbon for high-performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Hexiang , Li Kaidi , Li Xuesong , Wang Liying , Yang Xijia , Zhang Qixian
Published: July 2023

NiCo-LDH@RHC electrode material was prepared by calcination and hydrothermal method from rice husk. The nanoflower structure provides more active sites, promotes ion diffusion, and therefore has excellent specific capacitance and cycling properties.
Universal probe-based SNP genotyping with visual readout: a robust and versatile method
Authors: Wang Zhongzhong , Zhang Zhang , Luo Wang , Wang Luojia , Han Xiaole , Zhao Rong , Liu Xin , Zhang Jianhong , Yu Wen , Li Junjie , Yang Yujun , Zuo Chen , Xie Guoming
Published: July 2023

A universal “typing formula” for SNP genotyping was established by introducing a tail at the 5′ end of an allele primer, which was matched with a small molecule probe and combined with a lateral flow assay.
Near-infrared fluorescent turn-on probe for hydrazine detection: environmental samples and live cell imaging
Authors: Maiti Anwesha , Banik Dipanjan , Halder Satyajit , Manna Saikat Kumar , Karak Anirban , Jana Kuladip , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: July 2023

A benzophenoxazinium chloride chromophore-based near-infrared (NIR) probe, BPN, was designed and synthesized for the detection of hydrazine.
Does Lexical Stress Pattern Affect Learning and Producing New Words in Greek for Children With Cochlear Implants?
Authors: Adamidou Christina , Okalidou Areti , Fourakis Marios , Printza Athanasia , Kyriafinis Georgios
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Τhe lexical stress pattern (trochaic vs. iambic) may affect various aspects of word learning and word production in children with cochlear implants (CIs). This study aimed to investigate lexical stress effects in word learning by Greek-speaking children with CIs.

Method:

A word learning paradigm, consisting of a word production and a word identification task, was used. A test list of eight pairs of disyllabic nonwords with identical phonological composition and contrasting lexical stress (eight trochaic and eight iambic), along with their referent pictured objects, was constructed and administered to 22 Greek-speaking children with CIs (ages 4;6–12;3 [years;months]) with normal nonverbal IQ and to 22 age-matched controls with normal hearing (NH) and no other difficulties.

Results:

Overall, children with CIs exhibited lower performance than their hearing peers in all word-learning tasks, regardless of lexical stress pattern. Specifically, they identified significantly fewer words and exhibited significantly lower accuracy in word production than those of the controls. In the group with CIs, lexical stress pattern affected their production of words but not their word identification. Children with CIs showed more accurate production of iambic than trochaic words, a fact attributed to better vowel production. Yet, production of stress was less accurate for iambic than for trochaic words. Μoreover, stress assignment of iambic words was highly correlated with speech and language tests in children with CIs.

Conclusions:

Greek children with CIs exhibited lower performance in the word-learning task administered than children with NH did. In addition, the performance of children with CIs indicated a dissociation between the perception and production mechanisms and revealed complex relations between the segmental and prosodic aspects of words. Preliminary findings suggest that stress assignment in iambic words can serve as an indicator of speech and language growth.
Mechanical model analysis and reliability design approach of Quartz Flexible Accelerometer under fractured state
Authors: Xiao Tingyu , Zhang Chunxi , Song Lailiang , Ran Longjun , Huang Wanying
Published: July 2023

Currently, the Quartz Flexible Accelerometer (QFA) mounted for the applications working in high acceleration environment are suffering from the fracture of the flexible beams under external acceleration shock. This paper presents the mechanical model and reliability design approach of QFA to maintain the measuring ability under a fractured state. The structural parameters changed significantly in the mechanical model under a fractured state compared to those in the original model. A modified structure to maintain the measuring ability of QFA under a fractured state is designed with the reference of the sensitive module in Electrostatic Suspended Accelerometer (ESA). The corresponding close‐loop system is corrected and discretised to ensure the stability requirements of the mechanical model. A static experiment is conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model by a prototype QFA with completely fractured flexible beams. The result shows helpful on the preliminary research for QFA with the similar sensitive structure to ESA.
A chipless light switch for smart‐homes
Authors: Almansouri Abdullah S.
Published: July 2023

The limited and inconvenient functionality of conventional light switches is out of pace with current advancements in wireless sensors. A chipless RFID light switch (CLS) that is passive, battery‐free and relocatable and maintains the convenience of having physical buttons for controlling lightbulbs or other electrical devices is introduced. These characteristics have been achieved by attaching single‐pole‐single‐through toggle switches to the edges of radio frequency spiral resonators. The status of the switches activates or deactivates the resonators, allowing the CLS tag to passively communicate the status of the switches. A CLS tag with two ID resonators (used for tag identifications), and two measurement resonators [MRs] (connected with switches and used to communicate the status of the switches) was designed and fabricated using a 1‐mm‐thick FR4 substrate. Measurement results showed resonant frequencies at 1115 and 1220 MHz corresponding to the ID resonators and frequencies at 848 and 971 MHz corresponding to the MRs. Turning the switches OFF and ON successfully activated and deactivated the MRs.
Modified active disturbance rejection control scheme for systems with time delay
Authors: Jugo Josu , Elejaga Ander , Echevarria Pablo
Published: July 2023

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has been gaining attention in recent years and has shown its performance in multiple applications including non‐linear ones, without the need of accurate models. Despite the good results of this technique, time delay can deteriorate the performance of ADRC, limiting its application. Here, the effect of time delay on the stability of a linear ADRC is analysed, using an alternative mathematical description, and a new effective design technique, based on a modified ADRC scheme, is proposed to overcome the delay effect while maintaining the disturbance rejection properties of the ADRC. An experimental example is discussed considering a system with low damped mechanical resonances, showing good results using the proposed technique.
Novel bidirectional universal 1‐phase/3‐phase‐input unity power factor differential AC/DC converter
Authors: Sarnago Héctor , Lucía Óscar , Chhawchharia Saransh , Menzi David , Kolar Johann W.
Published: July 2023

A common 400 V dc bus for industrial motor drives advantageously allows the use of high‐performance 600 V power semiconductor technology in the inverter drive converter stages and to lower the rated power of the supplying rectifier system. Ideally, this supplying rectifier system features unity power factor operation, bidirectional power flow and nominal power operation in the three‐phase and the single‐phase grid. This paper introduces a novel bidirectional universal single‐/three‐phase‐input unity power factor differential ac‐dc converter suitable for the above mentioned requirements. The basic operating principle and conduction states of the proposed topology are derived and discussed in detail. Then, the main power component voltage and current stresses are determined and simulation results in PLECS are provided. The concept is verified by means of experimental measurements conducted in both three‐phase and single‐phase operation with a 6 kW prototype system employing a switching frequency of 100 kHz and 1200 V SiC power semiconductors.
Distributed robust operation strategy of multi‐microgrid based on peer‐to‐peer multi‐energy trading
Authors: Gao Jin , Shao Zhenguo , Chen Feixiong , Chen Yuchao , Lin Yongqi , Deng Hongjie
Published: July 2023

In microgrid (MG) systems, traditional centralised energy trading models can lead to issues such as low energy efficiency due to unstable energy supply and lack of flexibility. Peer‐to‐peer (P2P) trading models have been widely used due to their advantages in promoting the sustainable development of renewable energy and reducing energy trading costs. However, P2P multi‐energy trading requires mutual agreements between two microgrids (MGs), and the uncertainties of renewable energy and load affects energy supply security. To address these issues, this article proposed a distributed robust operation strategy based on P2P multi‐energy trading for multi‐microgrid (MMG) systems. Firstly, a two‐stage robust optimisation (TRO) method was adopted to consider the uncertainties of P2P multi‐energy trading between MGs, which reduced the conservatism of robust optimisation (RO). Secondly, a TRO model for P2P multi‐energy trading among MGs was established based on the Nash bargaining theory, where each MG negotiates with others based on their energy contributions in the cooperation. Additionally, a distributed algorithm was used to protect the privacy of each MG. Finally, the simulation results based on three MGs showed that the proposed approach can achieve a fair distribution of cooperative interests and effectively promote cooperation among MGs.
Redshifting galaxies from DESI to JWST CEERS: Correction of biases and uncertainties in quantifying morphology
Authors: Yu Si-Yue , Cheng Cheng , Pan Yue , Sun Fengwu , Li Yang A.
Published: July 2023

Observations of high-redshift galaxies with unprecedented detail have now been rendered possible with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). However, accurately quantifying their morphology remains uncertain due to potential biases and uncertainties. To address this issue, we used a sample of 1816 nearby DESI galaxies, with a stellar mass range of 109.75 − 11.25 M⊙, to compute artificial images of galaxies of the same mass located at 0.75 ≤ z ≤ 3 and observed at rest-frame optical wavelength in the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. We analyzed the effects of cosmological redshift on the measurements of Petrosian radius (Rp), half-light radius (R50), asymmetry (A), concentration (C), axis ratio (q), and Sérsic index (n). Our results show that Rp and R50, calculated using non-parametric methods, are slightly overestimated due to PSF smoothing, while R50, q, and n obtained through fitting a Sérsic model does not exhibit significant biases. By incorporating a more accurate noise effect removal procedure, we improve the computation of A over existing methods, which often overestimate, underestimate, or lead to significant scatter of noise contributions. Due to PSF asymmetry, there is a minor overestimation of A for intrinsically symmetric galaxies. However, for intrinsically asymmetric galaxies, PSF smoothing dominates and results in an underestimation of A, an effect that becomes more significant with higher intrinsic A or at lower resolutions. Moreover, PSF smoothing also leads to an underestimation of C, which is notably more pronounced in galaxies with higher intrinsic C or at lower resolutions. We developed functions based on resolution level, defined as Rp/FWHM, for correcting these biases and the associated statistical uncertainties. Applying these corrections, we measured the bias-corrected morphology for the simulated CEERS images and we find that the derived quantities are in good agreement with their intrinsic values – except for A, which is robust only for angularly large galaxies where Rp/FWHM ≥ 5. Our correction functions can be applied to other surveys, offering valuable tools for future studies.
Biogas production from cafeteria waste by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Hasan Shoaib , Alam Minhazul , Akter Afsana , Uddin Imtiaz , Khaled Mainuddin , Rahman Hamidur
Published: July 2023

The world’s reliance on non-renewable energy sources is unsustainable, and biogas production from organic waste materials is a promising renewable energy source. However, there is a lack of technology and understanding surrounding biogas production and utilization. This study aimed to produce biogas at laboratory scale using cafeteria waste and to examine the processes of biogas production for variable factors such as retention time, pH level, and addition of bases. The findings showed that a mixture of papaya peels, water, cow manure, and a base produced an impressive 80.75% methane yield within 75 days under mesophilic conditions with a specific pH and temperature range. However, maintaining optimal pH and vacuum in a biogas chamber presents challenges, such as leakages and pH fluctuations. The optimal ratio for biogas production is a mixture of 45-50% organic matter and 55-60% water, with careful regulation of base addition to ensure maximum biogas production and optimal biogas quality. This study provides insights into biogas production and its potential as a viable biofuel alternative.
Experimental study the effect of diesel engine performance fuelled by waste tire oil- dexlite blends
Authors: Khairil  , Rickansvar Muhammad Gamell , Mubarak Amir Zaki , Sofyan Sarwo Edhy
Published: July 2023

It well known that tire as a waste from vihicles susch as passengger car, truck and trailller. Indonesia country has enough potensial of tire waste, it was produced of about 11 millions ton per years. This phenomena could be serious environmental problem because tire waste was difficult dissolve by environment. It is needs to solve this issue by convert the waste tire to oil fuels. The main focus of this research to evaluate the performance of diesel engine fuelled by waste tire oil-dexlite blends. The physicochemical properties such as viscosity, density, calorific value and cetane number the waste tire fuel and its blends with dexlite were analysed. The experimental methode to determine engine performance by using the CI engine with variation of speed from 1500 rpm to 2100 rpm and waste tire-dexlite blends ratios at 10% (WTO-10), 20% (WTO-20) and 30% (WTO-30) of waste tire oil (WTO) and dexlite were utilized as a fuels. The CI engine with variation of speed from 1500 rpm to 2100 rpm was selected in order to determine the engine performance. The experimental results showed that the blending of waste tire oil with dexlite from 10% to 30% can operate with CI engine without any engine modifications. The results of this study revealed that maximum power and SFC were found to be 2.3 kW and 0.48 kg/kWh, respectively. Moreover, at the engine speed of 1900 rpm and a fuel blend of WTO-10 were found that to be optimal values of power and thermal efficiency which is similarly by using dexlite as fuel.
Well-posedness and regularity for a polyconvex energy
Authors: Gangbo Wilfrid , Jacobs Matt , Kim Inwon
Published: July 2023

We prove the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of minimizers of a polyconvex functional in two and three dimensions, which corresponds to the H1-projection of measure-preserving maps. Our result introduces a new criteria on the uniqueness of the minimizer, based on the smallness of the lagrange multiplier. No estimate on the second derivatives of the pressure is needed to get a unique global minimizer. As an application, we construct a minimizing movement scheme to construct Lr-solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation (NSE) for a short time interval.
Überblick über Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen mit Fokus Depression
Authors: Haaf Raoul , Machleid Felix , Köhler Stephan
Published: July 2023

Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) haben das Potenzial, durch ihre Niedrigschwelligkeit und schnelle Verfügbarkeit einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation von Patienten zu leisten. Gleichzeitig stellen die hochdynamischen Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich Patienten, Anwendungshersteller, das Gesundheitssystem und Therapeuten vor große Herausforderungen. Ein informierter Umgang mit digitalen Gesundheitsdiensten ist dabei eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die erfolgreiche Etablierung dieser Technologien in der Regelversorgung.

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das aktuelle Verordnungsverfahren, Inhalte und Evidenz der verfügbaren DiGA mit dem Schwerpunkt Depression und schließt mit einigen Überlegungen zu relevanten ethischen Fragestellungen und praktischem Einsatz.
Commercially Available Prenatal Vitamins Do Not Meet American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Nutritional Guidelines
Authors: Cai Fei , Young Benjamin K. , Mccoy Jennifer A.
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the reported amount of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommended nutrients in commercially available, over-the-counter prenatal vitamins (PNVs) in the United States, to assess their adequacy compared with the ACOG guidelines, and to compare these supplements by cost.

Study Design The top 30 online Amazon and Google shopping items found using “prenatal vitamins” in September 2022 were included for analysis if they included the words “prenatal” and “vitamin” in the label and contained multiple nutrients. Duplicates between Amazon and Google were excluded as well as vitamins that did not list all ingredients. The reported amounts of 11 key nutrients, as recommended by the ACOG, for each product were recorded, as well as supplemental form and cost per 30-day supply. A cost analysis was done of PNVs that met the ACOG recommendations for the highlighted nutrients compared with those that did not. Five out of the 11 key nutrients (folic acid, iron, docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D, and calcium) were specifically highlighted, as deficiencies in these nutrients are known to correlate with significant clinical outcomes in pregnancy.

Results A total of 48 unique PNVs were included for final analysis. Of these PNVs, none were compliant with suggested amounts of all five key vitamins and nutrients. No products met daily recommendations for calcium. Only five PNVs were compliant with recommendations with 4/5 key nutrients. Of note, 27% of PNVs did not have the recommended amount of folic acid (13/48). The median cost of PNVs that were not compliant with the four nutrients mentioned above was $18.99 (interquartile range [IQR]: $10.00–30.29), which was not statistically different from the median cost of the PNVs that did meet compliance with the four nutrients, which was $18.16 (IQR: $9.13–26.99), p = 0.55.

Conclusion There were significant variations in the level of nutrients and cost of commercially available, over-the-counter PNVs in the United States. This raises concern that there should be more regulation of PNVs.

Key Points
Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Lesions: A Review
Authors: Pal Sandip , Hodgar Digvijay
Published: July 2023

Submucosal lesions, also known as subepithelial lesions, are often encountered during endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the lesions are asymptomatic and can be diagnosed by routine endoscopic ultrasonography. Few lesions like gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (GIST) and leiomyoma require biopsy/fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for differentiation. Lesions like neuroendocrine tumors can be diagnosed by deep endoscopic biopsy as they originate from the inner mucosal layer. Management depends on the size and layer of origin of the lesion. Smaller lesions can be removed by endoscopic procedures and bigger lesions by surgery. Smaller lesions can be safely surveilled.
Endoscopic Management of Pediatric Foreign Body Ingestions and Food Bolus Impactions: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Shafiq Syed , Devarbhavi Harshad
Published: July 2023

Background Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common pediatric problem with the majority of these occurring in children younger than 3 years. Management varies depending on the age of the patient, ingested object(s), its location along the digestive tract, and the available expertise. We aim to report our experience with endoscopic management of FB ingestions in children (<18 years).

Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed endoscopic and medical records from our hospital database of all pediatric patients (<18 years) who presented with FB ingestion between January 2011 and December 2021.

Results Our analysis included a total of 368 patients. FB ingestions and/or food bolus impactions were noted in 242 and 11 children, respectively while 115 (31.25%) had spontaneously passed off FB from the digestive tract. Most common FB was coin (28.5%) followed by animal bones (26.2%). Endoscopic management of FBs and food bolus impaction was successful in 247 children (97.63%), while endoscopic FB retrieval failed in 6 children including 1 with fish bone and 5 with button batteries. A total of 9 out of 11 children with food bolus impaction had underlying esophageal pathology, the commonest being corrosive stricture (n = 7). No mortality related to endoscopic intervention was reported.

Conclusions Endoscopic retrieval of ingested FBs and food bolus impaction in children is a safe and effective approach when performed by experienced endoscopists and is associated with a high success rate and a lower incidence of complications with reduced hospital stay.
The heterogeneous effects of social support on the adoption of Facebook’s vaccine profile frames feature
Authors: Rakocz Nadav , Ernala Sindhu , Nir Israel , Weinsberg Udi , Bahl Amit
Published: July 2023

Achieving widespread COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is a key step to global recovery from the pandemic, but hesitancy towards vaccination remains a major challenge. Social proof, where a person’s attitude towards vaccination is influenced by their belief in the attitudes of their social network, has been shown to be effective for making in-roads upon hesitancy. However, it is not easy to know the attitudes of one’s network, nor reliably signal one’s own feelings towards COVID-19 vaccines, minimizing the impact of the social influence channel. To address this issue, Facebook launched a feature that enables users to overlay a message indicating that they support vaccination upon their profile picture. To raise awareness of these vaccine profile frames (VPFs), users received a variety of promotional messages from Facebook, a subset of which contained the social context of friends who had already adopted the frame. Leveraging this variation in promotional messaging, we analyzed the adoption pattern of VPFs in the US to determine the most effective strategies to drive VPF usage. We found that adoption is driven by a pattern of complex diffusion, where multiple exposures to the adoption decisions of others increased VPF uptake, and that there is substantial heterogeneity in the adoption response associated with prior vaccine beliefs, whether the promotion had a social component and closeness of the tie included in social promotions. Specifically, we observed resistance to adoption correlated with an aversion to follow authoritative health pages and stronger adoption effects from social promotions containing close friends. We also confirmed this finding of the value of strong ties through a randomized field experiment and heterogeneous treatment effects modeling. In contrast to studies that have shown the importance of less close relationships in vaccine decision-making, we found little effect from awareness of VPF adoption by weak ties. Finally, we detected no significant backfire effect for expressing support for COVID-19 vaccines via VPFs. Together, these results suggest that social proof provided by close friends may be a key driver for messaging campaigns intended to drive prosocial behavior such as publicly promoting vaccination and that these campaigns do not necessarily come with adverse experiences for adopters, even for a polarizing issue such as vaccines.
Wave analysis during energetic electron microinjections: A case study
Authors: Nykyri K. , Liou Y. , Ma X. , Kavosi S. , Egedal J. , Fuselier S. A. , Gomez R. G
Published: July 2023

The Magnetospheric Multi-scale Mission has frequently observed periodic bursts of counterstreaming electrons with energies ranging from ≈ 30 to 500 keV at the Earth's magnetospheric boundary layers, termed “microinjections.” Recently, a source region for microinjections was discovered at the high-latitude magnetosphere where microinjections showed up simultaneously at all energy channels and were organized by magnetic field variation associated with ultra low frequency mirror mode waves (MMWs) with ≈ 5 min periodicity. These MMWs were associated with strong higher frequency electromagnetic wave activity. Here, we have identified some of these waves as electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. EMIC waves and parallel electric fields often lead to the radiation belt electron losses due to pitch-angle scattering. We show that, for the present event, the EMIC waves are not responsible for scattering electrons into a loss cone, and thus, they are unlikely to be responsible for the observed microinjection signature. We also find that the parallel electric field potentials within the waves are not adequate to explain the observed electrons with >90 keV energies. While whistler waves may contribute to the electron scattering and may exist during this event, there was no burst mode data available to verify this.
Magnetohydrodynamic instability with bichromatic perturbations in aluminum reduction cells
Authors: Jha Amit , Ranjan Avishek , Karagadde Shyamprasad , Gupta Amit
Published: July 2023

The linear stability of the electrically conducting liquid–liquid interface is investigated in a finite, rectangular domain inspired by the aluminum reduction cells. The interfacial instability is known to be the effect of the Lorentz force produced by the interaction of the perturbed horizontal current with the vertical magnetic field. While much of the literature points to the analysis of monochromatic perturbations, the role of the bichromatic type is investigated, for the first time. Considering a bichromatic perturbation, with independent wavenumbers along the horizontal directions, a dispersion relation is derived that includes the effects of Lorentz force, friction, interfacial tension, and gravity. This work reveals that the horizontal component of the magnetic field can also introduce instability, particularly when friction is negligible. While the vertical magnetic field is predicted to be mainly responsible for the instability of the interface with lower modes, the horizontal magnetic field destabilizes all the modes. For a fixed value of current and current density, the inter-electrode gap at neutral stability increases with an increase in the ratio of cell length to width. The present findings are applicable to any general electrically conducting two-fluid interface, in the presence of an ambient magnetic field.