bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Child Maltreatment by Making Parenting Programs Available to All Parents
Authors: Pickering John A. , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: August 2016

Preventing the maltreatment of children is a major public health challenge. Using the Triple P-Positive Parenting program as an example, this article makes the case that strengthening parenting and family relationships at a population level is a potentially powerful means of taking on this challenge. We focus on the value of making parenting programs available to all parents in the community. We conclude by examining the key ingredients required to make a population-level parenting approach to reducing child maltreatment work.
We May Be Different, but I Can Help You
Authors: Bai Yan , Dong Zhilin , Liu Haiyang , Liu Shengming
Published: August 2016

Based on a resource perspective, the authors investigated how leader–follower power distance value incongruence influences employees’ withdrawal behavior. Data were collected twice in China, and the sample included 66 leaders and 350 followers. Leader–follower power distance value incongruence was found to be associated with the psychological workplace strain experienced by followers, indicating that incongruence was a stressor for this group and further influenced their withdrawal behavior. Moreover, incongruence had asymmetrical effects; that is, followers experienced higher psychological workplace strain when their power distance was lower than that of their leaders, compared with when their power distance was higher. The authors also found that the leader’s role can make a difference, as the leaders’ political skill mitigated the effect of value incongruence on their followers’ psychological workplace strain. The study provides a novel extension of value congruence theory and also contributes to the field of value conflict management.
Me or Us? Self-Control Promotes a Healthy Balance Between Personal and Relationship Concerns
Authors: Visserman Mariko L. , Righetti Francesca , Kumashiro Madoka , Van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: August 2016

Although romantic partners strive to achieve an optimal balance in fulfilling both personal and relational concerns, they are inevitably challenged by how much time and effort they can dedicate to both concerns. In the present work, we examined the role of self-control in successfully maintaining personal–relational balance through promoting balance and preventing personal and relational imbalance (overdedication to personal or relational concerns, respectively). We conducted two studies among romantic couples (total N = 555), using questionnaires and diary procedures to assess everyday experiences of personal-relational balance and imbalance. Both studies consistently showed that self-control promotes personal–relational balance. Moreover, findings partly supported our hypothesis that self-control prevents personal and relational imbalance (Study 2). Finally, findings also revealed that maintaining personal–relational balance is one of the mechanisms by which self-control can promote personal and relationship well-being. Implications of the present findings and avenues for future research are discussed.
Effectiveness of light paths coupled with personal emergency response systems in preventing functional decline among the elderly
Authors: Lachal Florent , Tchalla Achille Edem , Cardinaud Noëlle , Saulnier Isabelle , Nessighaoui Hichem , Laubarie-Mouret Cécile , Dantoine Thierry
Published: August 2016

Introduction:

The elderly population is at high risk of functional decline, which will induce significant costs due to long-term care. Dependency could be delayed by preventing one of its major determinants: falls. Light paths coupled with personal emergency response systems could prevent the functional decline through fall prevention.

Methods:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of light paths coupled with personal emergency response systems on the functional decline in an elderly population living at home. It is a secondary analysis on data from a previous cohort. In all, 190 older adults (aged 65 years or more) living at home participated. Participants in the exposed group were equipped with home-based technologies: light paths coupled with personal emergency response systems. The participants’ functional status was assessed using the Functional Autonomy Measurement System scale at baseline (T0) and at the end of the study (T12-month). Baseline characteristics were evaluated by a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

Results:

After 1 year, 43% of the unexposed group had functional decline versus 16% of the exposed group. Light paths coupled with personal emergency response systems were significantly associated with a decrease in the functional decline (Δ Functional Autonomy Measurement System ⩾ 5) at home (odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (0.11–0.54), p = 0.002).

Discussion:

This study suggests that light paths coupled with personal emergency response systems prevent the functional decline over 12 months. This result may encourage the prescription and use of home-based technologies to postpone dependency and institutionalization, but they need a larger cost-effectiveness study to demonstrate the efficiency of these technologies.
Developing and Implementing Peer-Led Intervention to Support Staff in Long-Term Care Homes Manage Grief
Authors: Vis Jo-Ann , Ramsbottom Kimberley , Marcella Jill , McAnulty Jessica , Kelley Mary Lou , Kortes-Miller Katherine , Jones-Bonofiglio Kristen
Published: August 2016

Front-line staff in long-term care (LTC) homes often form strong emotional bonds with residents. When residents die, staffs’ grief often goes unattended, and may result in disenfranchised grief. The aim of this article is to develop, implement, and assess the benefits of a peer-led debriefing intervention to help staff manage their grief and provide LTC homes an organizational approach to support them. This research was nested within a 5-year participatory action research to develop and implement palliative care programs within four LTC homes in Canada. Data specific to this debriefing intervention included questionnaires from six peer debriefers, field observations of six debriefings, and qualitative interviews with 23 staff participants. An original peer-led debriefing intervention (INNPUT) for LTC home staff was developed and implemented. Data revealed that the intervention offered staff an opportunity to express grief in a safe context with others, an opportunity for closure and acknowledgment. The INNPUT intervention benefits staff and offers an innovative, sustainable, easy to use strategy for LTC homes.
Flying Into Depression
Authors: O’Hagan Anna Donnla , Issartel Johann , Nevill Alan , Warrington Giles
Published: August 2016

A growing body of evidence suggests long work hours adversely affect mental health across a variety of domains. Mental health issues have been found to negatively affect work performance. This finding was highlighted in the aviation industry by the 2015 Germanwings incident in which 150 people died. Further investigation into work hours and their associated factors (e.g., demographic characteristics and experiences of sleep and fatigue in the cockpit) contributing to mental health issues among pilots is warranted. A cross-sectional survey investigating attitudes and experiences of fatigue was developed and distributed to commercial airline pilots. Results found pilots who reported typically spending longer hours on duty per week were twice as likely to report feeling depressed or anxious. Pilots’ experiences of job-related sleep disturbance and fatigue may explain why pilots who typically spend long hours on duty each week are more likely to report feeling depressed or anxious.
Race, Ethnicity, and Lay Explanations of Poverty in the United States
Authors: Hunt Matthew O.
Published: August 2016

In this review, the author considers research on race/ethnicity and stratification beliefs, with special focus on beliefs about the causes of poverty in the United States. Stratification beliefs research has traditionally focused on describing what is believed about inequality, demonstrating the antecedents of beliefs, and outlining the consequences of belief adherence for the person, politics, and society. Race and ethnicity matter for Americans’ beliefs about poverty in a number of important ways. Research documents that the poor are themselves racialized in the public mind. The racial composition of people’s communities has demonstrable effects on how people think about the poor. And race/ethnic group membership is one of the most potent individual-level determinants of beliefs about poverty. Research also documents important consequences of such stratification beliefs, including their impact on people’s voting behavior and support for social policies designed to ameliorate racial and other inequalities. The author concludes with suggestions for future research in hopes of advancing our understanding of links between race/ethnicity, stratification ideology, and relevant attitudinal and behavioral outcomes.
Inflammatory properties of antibiotic-treated bacteria
Authors: Wolf Andrea J , Liu George Y , Underhill David M
Published: August 2016

Antibiotics have proven to be enormously effective tools in combating infectious diseases. A common roadblock to the effective use of antibiotics is the development of antibiotic resistance. We have recently observed that the very mechanism by which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) becomes antibiotic resistant causes the organism to be more inflammatory to innate immune cells. In this review, we offer some thoughts on the ways in which antibiotics have been observed to influence immune responses to bacteria.
Care for a Patient With Cancer As a Project: Management of Complex Task Interdependence in Cancer Care Delivery
Authors: Trosman Julia R. , Carlos Ruth C. , Simon Melissa A. , Madden Debra L. , Gradishar William J. , Benson Al B. , Rapkin Bruce D. , Weiss Elisa S. , Gareen Ilana F. , Wagner Lynne I. , Khan Seema A. , Bunce Mikele M. , Small Art , Weldon Christine B.
Published: August 2016

Cancer care is highly complex and suffers from fragmentation and lack of coordination across provider specialties and clinical domains. As a result, patients often find that they must coordinate care on their own. Coordinated delivery teams may address these challenges and improve quality of cancer care. Task interdependence is a core principle of rigorous teamwork and is essential to addressing the complexity of cancer care, which is highly interdependent across specialties and modalities. We examined challenges faced by a patient with early-stage breast cancer that resulted from difficulties in understanding and managing task interdependence across clinical domains involved in this patient’s care. We used team science supported by the project management discipline to discuss how various task interdependence aspects can be recognized, deliberately designed, and systematically managed to prevent care breakdowns. This case highlights how effective task interdependence management facilitated by project management methods could markedly improve the course of a patient’s care. This work informs efforts of cancer centers and practices to redesign cancer care delivery through innovative, practical, and patient-centered approaches to management of task interdependence in cancer care. Future patient-reported outcomes research will help to determine optimal ways to engage patients, including those who are medically underserved, in managing task interdependence in their own care.
Promoting High-Quality Cancer Care and Equity Through Disciplinary Diversity in Team Composition
Authors: Parsons Susan K. , Fineberg Iris C. , Lin Mingqian , Singer Marybeth , Tang May , Erban John K.
Published: August 2016

Disciplinary diversity in team composition is a valuable vehicle for oncology care teams to provide high-quality, person-centered comprehensive care. Such diversity facilitates care that effectively addresses the complex needs (biologic, psychosocial, and spiritual) of the whole person. The concept of professional or disciplinary diversity centers on differences in function, education, and culture, reflecting variety and heterogeneity in the perspectives of team members contributing to care. Thorough understanding of the skills, knowledge, and education related to each team member’s professional or lay expertise is critical for members to be able to optimize the team’s potential. Furthermore, respect and appreciation for differences and similarities across disciplinary cultures allow team members to create a positive collaboration dynamic that maintains a focus on the care of the person with cancer. We present a case study of one oncology team’s provision of care to the patient, a Chinese immigrant woman with breast cancer. The case illuminates the strengths and challenges of disciplinary diversity in team composition in assessing and addressing potential barriers to care. Coordinated sharing of information among the varied team members facilitated understanding and care planning focused on the patient’s concerns, needs, and strengths. Importantly, collaboration across the disciplinarily diverse set of team members facilitated high-quality oncology care and promoted equity in access to the full range of care options, including enrollment on a National Cancer Institute–sponsored clinical trial. Further implications of disciplinary diversity in oncology care teams are considered for both clinical practice and research.
General Dynamic Triviality Theorems
Authors: Russell Jeffrey Sanford , Hawthorne John
Published: August 2016

Famous results by David Lewis show that plausible-sounding constraints on the probabilities of conditionals or evaluative claims lead to unacceptable results, by standard probabilistic reasoning. Existing presentations of these results rely on stronger assumptions than they really need. When we strip these arguments down to a minimal core, we can see both how certain replies miss the mark, and also how to devise parallel arguments for other domains, including epistemic “might,” probability claims, claims about comparative value, and so on. A popular reply to Lewis's results is to claim that conditional claims, or claims about subjective value, lack truth conditions. For this strategy to have a chance of success, it needs to give up basic structural principles about how epistemic states can be updated—in a way that is strikingly parallel to the commitments of the project of dynamic semantics.
The Paradox of Sufficient Reason
Authors: Levey Samuel
Published: August 2016

It can be shown by means of a paradox that, given the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR), there is no conjunction of all contingent truths. The question is, or ought to be, how to interpret that result: Quid sibi velit? A celebrated argument against PSR due to Peter van Inwagen and Jonathan Bennett in effect interprets the result to mean that PSR entails that there are no contingent truths. But reflection on parallels in philosophy of mathematics shows it can equally be interpreted either as a proof that there are “too many” contingent truths to combine in a single conjunction or as a proof that the concept contingent truth is indefinitely extensible and there is no such thing as “all contingent truths.” Either interpretation would reconcile PSR with contingent truth, but the natural rationales of those interpretations are at odds. This essay argues that the second interpretation is a more satisfactory explanation of why, if PSR is true, there should be no conjunction of all contingent truths. This sheds new light on the nature of the explanatory demand embedded in PSR and uncovers a number of surprising implications for the commitments of rationalism.
Adaptive protein divergence of BMP ligands takes place under developmental and evolutionary constraints
Authors: Tauscher Petra M. , Gui Jinghua , Shimmi Osamu
Published: August 2016

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling network, comprising evolutionary conserved BMP2/4/Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Chordin/Short gastrulation (Sog), is widely utilized for dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning during animal development. A similar network is required for posterior crossvein (PCV) formation in the Drosophila pupal wing. Although both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of co-factors in the network gives rise to tissue-specific and species-specific properties, their mechanisms are incompletely understood. In Drosophila, BMP5/6/7/8-type ligands, Screw (Scw) and Glass bottom boat (Gbb), form heterodimers with Dpp for DV patterning and PCV development, respectively. Sequence analysis indicates that the Scw ligand contains two N-glycosylation motifs: one being highly conserved between BMP2/4- and BMP5/6/7/8-type ligands, and the other being Scw ligand specific. Our data reveal that N-glycosylation of the Scw ligand boosts BMP signaling both in cell culture and in the embryo. In contrast, N-glycosylation modifications of Gbb or Scw ligands reduce the consistency of PCV development. These results suggest that tolerance for structural changes of BMP5/6/7/8-type ligands is dependent on developmental constraints. Furthermore, gain and loss of N-glycosylation motifs in conserved signaling molecules under evolutionary constraints appear to constitute flexible modules to adapt to developmental processes.
Beryllium nitrate inhibits fibroblast migration to disrupt epimorphic regeneration
Authors: Cook Adam B. , Seifert Ashley W.
Published: August 2016

Epimorphic regeneration proceeds with or without formation of a blastema, as observed for the limb and skin, respectively. Inhibition of epimorphic regeneration provides a means to interrogate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate it. In this study, we show that exposing amputated limbs to beryllium nitrate disrupts blastema formation and causes severe patterning defects in limb regeneration. In contrast, exposing full-thickness skin wounds to beryllium only causes a delay in skin regeneration. By transplanting full-thickness skin from ubiquitous GFP-expressing axolotls to wild-type hosts, we demonstrate that beryllium inhibits fibroblast migration during limb and skin regeneration in vivo. Moreover, we show that beryllium also inhibits cell migration in vitro using axolotl and human fibroblasts. Interestingly, beryllium did not act as an immunostimulatory agent as it does in Anurans and mammals, nor did it affect keratinocyte migration, proliferation or re-epithelialization, suggesting that the effect of beryllium is cell type-specific. While we did not detect an increase in cell death during regeneration in response to beryllium, it did disrupt cell proliferation in mesenchymal cells. Taken together, our data show that normal blastema organogenesis cannot occur without timely infiltration of local fibroblasts and highlights the importance of positional information to instruct pattern formation during regeneration. In contrast, non-blastemal-based skin regeneration can occur despite early inhibition of fibroblast migration and cell proliferation.
Early formation of the Müllerian duct is regulated by sequential actions of BMP/Pax2 and FGF/Lim1 signaling
Authors: Atsuta Yuji , Takahashi Yoshiko
Published: August 2016

The Müllerian duct (MD) and Wolffian duct (WD) are embryonic tubular tissues giving rise to female and male reproductive tracts, respectively. In amniote embryos, both MD and WD emerge in both sexes, but subsequently degenerate in the males and females, respectively. Here, by using MD-specific gene manipulations in chicken embryos, we identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms that link early MD specification to tubular invagination. Early (pre-)specification of MD precursors in the coelomic epithelium requires BMP signaling and its downstream target Pax2 in a WD-independent process. Subsequently, the BMP/Pax2 axis induces Lim1 expression, a hallmark of MD specification, for which FGF/ERK and WD-derived signals are also required. Finally, the sequential actions of the BMP/Pax2 and FGF/Lim1 axes culminate in epithelial invagination to form a tubular structure driven by an apical constriction, where apical accumulation of phospho-myosin light chain is positively regulated by FGF/ERK signaling. Our study delineates mechanisms governing the early formation of the MD, and also serves as a model of how an epithelial cell sheet is transformed to a tubular structure, a process seen in a variety of developmental contexts.
Alteration of Nrp1 signaling at different stages of olfactory neuron maturation promotes glomerular shifts along distinct axes in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Assens Alexis , Dal Col Julien A. , Njoku Anthony , Dietschi Quentin , Kan Chenda , Feinstein Paul , Carleton Alan , Rodriguez Ivan
Published: August 2016

Building the topographic map in the mammalian olfactory bulb is explained by a model based on two axes along which sensory neurons are guided: one dorsoventral and one anteroposterior. This latter axis relies on specific expression levels of Nrp1. To evaluate the role of this receptor in this process, we used an in vivo genetic approach to decrease or suppress Nrp1 in specific neuronal populations and at different time points during axonal targeting. We observed, in neurons that express the M71 or M72 odorant receptors, that Nrp1 inactivation leads to two distinct wiring alterations, depending on the time at which Nrp1 expression is altered: first, a surprising dorsal shift of the M71 and M72 glomeruli, which often fuse with their contralateral counterparts, and second the formation of anteriorized glomeruli. The two phenotypes are partly recapitulated in mice lacking the Nrp1 ligand Sema3A and in mice whose sensory neurons express an Nrp1 mutant unable to bind Sema3A. Using a mosaic conditional approach, we show that M71 axonal fibers can bypass the Nrp1 signals that define their target area, since they are hijacked and coalesce with Nrp1-deficient M71-expressing axons that target elsewhere. Together, these findings show drastically different axonal targeting outcomes dependent on the timing at which Nrp1/Sema3A signaling is altered.
Impaired removal of H3K4 methylation affects cell fate determination and gene transcription
Authors: Lussi Yvonne C. , Mariani Luca , Friis Carsten , Peltonen Juhani , Myers Toshia R. , Krag Claudia , Wong Garry , Salcini Anna Elisabetta
Published: August 2016

Methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) is largely associated with promoters and enhancers of actively transcribed genes and is finely regulated during development by the action of histone methyltransferases and demethylases. H3K4me3 demethylases of the KDM5 family have been previously implicated in development, but how the regulation of H3K4me3 level controls developmental processes is not fully established. Here, we show that the H3K4 demethylase RBR-2, the unique member of the KDM5 family in C. elegans, acts cell-autonomously and in a catalytic-dependent manner to control vulva precursor cells fate acquisition, by promoting the LIN-12/Notch pathway. Using genome-wide approaches, we show that RBR-2 reduces the H3K4me3 level at transcription start sites (TSSs) and in regions upstream of the TSSs, and acts both as a transcription repressor and activator. Analysis of the lin-11 genetic locus, a direct RBR-2 target gene required for vulva precursor cell fate acquisition, shows that RBR-2 controls the epigenetic signature of the lin-11 vulva-specific enhancer and lin-11 expression, providing in vivo evidence that RBR-2 can positively regulate transcription and cell fate acquisition by controlling enhancer activity.
Recent advances in synthetic biosafety
Authors: Simon Anna J. , Ellington Andrew D.
Published: August 2016

Synthetically engineered organisms hold promise for a broad range of medical, environmental, and industrial applications. Organisms can potentially be designed, for example, for the inexpensive and environmentally benign synthesis of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, for the cleanup of environmental pollutants, and potentially even for biomedical applications such as the targeting of specific diseases or tissues. However, the use of synthetically engineered organisms comes with several reasonable safety concerns, one of which is that the organisms or their genes could escape their intended habitats and cause environmental disruption. Here we review key recent developments in this emerging field of synthetic biocontainment and discuss further developments that might be necessary for the widespread use of synthetic organisms. Specifically, we discuss the history and modern development of three strategies for the containment of synthetic microbes: addiction to an exogenously supplied ligand; self-killing outside of a designated environment; and self-destroying encoded DNA circuitry outside of a designated environment.
Diversity of Soil Beetles (Hexapoda, Coleoptera) in an Area at the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Marques Marinêz Isaac , De Figueiredo Ana Maria , Dos Santos Geane Brizzola , Sousa Wesley Oliveira , Ide Sérgio , Battirola Leandro Dênis
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Soil beetles (Hexapoda, Coleoptera) community, mainly Scarabaeidae, was evaluated in an area with different phytophysiognomies during the rising water period (November/2005) in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Thirty transects of 250 m, 1 km distant from each other, in an area of 5x5 km2 (RAPELD) were delimitated. In each transect, which characterized a sampled area, five samples of 1 m² were collected using mini-Winkler, and five pitfall traps distributed at a distance of 50 m between one sample and another and with a distance of 1 m between the two methods. A total of 767 Coleoptera individuals belonging to 27 families and 192 species were obtained. Scarabaeidae and Staphylinidae were the most abundant families. Staphylinidae, Curculionidae and Scarabaeidae were richest in species. Scarabaeidae was represented by 236 individuals distributed in the Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae subfamilies, 11 genera and 22 species. The multivariate analyses of variance demonstrated that the relationship between the Coleoptera community and the phytophysiognomy was significant, and the relationship between the Scarabaeidae community and the phytophysiognomy was not significant. The murundu fields, cambarazal, landi and introduced pastures were the most representative phytophysiognomies for Coleoptera richness and abundance in this region. Diversidade de Besouros de Solo (Hexapoda, Coleoptera) em uma Área no Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, BrasilResumo. A comunidade de besouros de solo (Hexapoda, Coleoptera), principalmente Scarabaeidae, foi avaliada em uma área com diferentes formações vegetacionais (fitofisionomias) durante o período de enchente (novembro/ 2005) no Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram delimitados 30 transectos de 250 m, distantes 1 km entre si, em uma área de 5x5 km² (RAPELD). Em cada transecto, caracterizado como uma área amostral, cinco amostras de 1m² foram coletadas usando mini-Winkler e cinco armadilhas pitfall foram distribuídas a cada 50 m, mantendo-se uma distância de 1 m entre as duas técnicas empregadas. Foram amostrados 767 coleópteros pertencentes a 27 famílias e 192 espécies. Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae foram as famílias mais abundantes. Staphylinidae, Curculionidae e Scarabaeidae apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies. Scarabaeidae foi representada por 236 indivíduos distribuídos entre Scarabaeinae e Aphodiinae, 11 gêneros e 22 espécies. A análise de variância multivariada evidenciou que a relação entre a comunidade de Coleoptera e as fitofisionomias foi significativa, enquanto entre Scarabaeidae e as fitofisionomias a relação não foi significativa. As áreas de campos de murundus, cambarazal, landi e pastagens introduzidas foram as fitofisionomias mais representativas para a riqueza e abundância de Coleoptera nessa região.
Ocorrência de Hypsipyla grandella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) no Sul do Estado de Roraima
Authors: Dionisio Luiz Fernandes Silva , Lima Antonio Cesar Silva , Castro Tatiane Marie Martins Gomes de , Correia Ruy Guilherme , Martins Walmer Bruno Rocha , Abreu Valdemir Silva
Published: August 2016

Resumo. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo registrar a ocorrência de Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) atacando sementes de andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) em floresta nativa, na região sul do estado de Roraima, Brasil. Dentre as espécies de interesse econômico na Amazônia, se destaca Carapa guianensis, por ser nativa e de múltiplo uso, sendo a madeira e o óleo extraído de suas sementes, seus produtos mais importantes. As plantas da família Meliaceae como C. guianensis e Swietenia macrophylla (King) têm como uma das principais pragas florestais a H. grandella. A coleta das sementes de C. guianensis foi realizada nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2012, tendo-se selecionado as que estavam sobre o solo embaixo da copa das arvores, e danificadas (presença de furos), ou com vestígios de ataque (exsudação de goma sobre as sementes) por insetos. Em seguida as mesmas foram levadas ao Laboratório de Entomologia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR, onde foram separadas em lotes de 50 sementes, por município totalizando 200 sementes. Constatou-se nas sementes a presença de 450 larvas de Hypsipyla, as quais originaram 392 (87%) adultos de Hypsipyla ferrealis (Hampson) e 58 (13%) de H. grandella. Este é o primeiro registro de ocorrência de H. grandella danificando sementes de C. guianensis em Roraima.Occurrence of Hypsipyla grandella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) in the South of Roraima StateAbstract. The study aimed to record the occurrence of Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) attacking andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) seed, in native forest of Roraima southern region, Brazil. Among the species of economic interest in the Amazon, stands out C. guianensis, by to be native and of multiple uses, having wood and the oil extracted from seeds as the most important products. The Meliaceae family plants, as C. guianensis and Swietenia macrophylla (King), have as a major forest pest, H. grandella. The C. guianensis seeds samplings were held in February and March 2012. The seeds were selected on the ground beneath the canopy of trees, and those which had damage (holes presence), or with insects attack trace (exudation). The seeds were brought to the Agricultural Entomology laboratory, of Federal University of Roraima - UFRR, which were separated into batches of 50 seeds per municipality, totaling 200 seeds. It was observed the presence of 450 Hypsipyla larvae in the seeds, which yielded 392 (87%) adults of Hypsipyla ferrealis (Hampson) and 58 (13%) of H. grandella. This is the first occurrence of H. grandella damaging andiroba seeds in Roraima.
New Records of Distribution for Protomydas coerulescens (Olivier) (Diptera: Mydidae)
Authors: Krolow Tiago Kütter , Vieira Rodrigo
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This paper provide the first record of Protomydas coerulescens (Olivier) for states of Amazonas, Rôndonia and Tocantins, Brazil. Previously, this species was recorded in Colombia and Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro). Illustration and map of distribution of P. coerulescens are provided.Novos registros de distribuição de Protomydas coerulescens (Olivier) (Diptera: Mydidae)Resumo. Este trabalho fornece os primeiros registros de Protomydas coerulescens (Olivier) para os estados brasileiros do Amazonas, Rondônia e Tocantins, Brasil. Esta espécie possuía registros prévios para Colômbia e Brasil (Pará, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro). Aqui são fornecidos ilustrações e um mapa atualizado dos registros de distribuição de P. coerulescens.
Análise Faunística de Insetos Associados à Cultura do Quiabeiro [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] em Plantio Comercial, no Município de Canindé de São Francisco, SE, Brasil
Authors: Silva Daniele Cristina de Oliveira Lima da , Ramos Marcelo Alves , Silva Henrique Costa Hermenegildo da , Alves Ângelo Giuseppe Chaves
Published: August 2016

Resumo. A presente pesquisa objetivou estudar a entomofauna associada ao cultivo comercial de quiabo, no Município de Canindé do São Francisco (SE), por meio de análise faunística. As espécies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B, Aphis gossypii (Glover), Phenacoccus sp., Icerya purchasi (Maskell) e Lagria villosa (Fabricius) foram as principais pragas do quiabeiro neste estudo. Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) e Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius) foram  pragas de importância secundária. Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas), Nezara viridula L., Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) e Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) foram pragas esporádicas. Foram encontradas quatro espécies de insetos predadores, sendo uma constante e dominante (Cycloneda sanguinea L.), uma dispersa, mas constante (Eriopis connexa German) e duas raras (Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville e Psyllobora confluens F.). Insect Faunal Analysis Associated with the Commercial Cultivation of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in Canindé do São Francisco, SE, BrazilAbstract. This research aims to study the entomofauna associated with the commercial cultivation of okra in municipality of Canindé do São Francisco, Sergipe State, Brazil, through faunal analysis. The species Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, Aphis gossypii (Glover), Phenacoccus sp., Icerya purchasi (Maskell) and Lagria villosa (Fabricius) were the okra key pests. Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) and Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius) were plagues of secondary importance. And Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas), Nezaraviridula L., Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) and Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) were sporadic pests. Four species of predatory insects were found, a constant and dominant (Cycloneda sanguinea L.) a dispersed, but constant (Eriopis connexa German) and two rare (Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville and Psyllobora confluens F.).
Small AnimalReview
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: August 2016

Introduction:

Lymphoma development at injection sites is often associated with B-cell lymphomas that show an aggressive clinical behaviour.
Microscopic examination of aural discharge as a diagnostic aid in otitis
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: August 2016

Microscopic examination of aural discharge is a simple diagnostic test that can provide huge amounts of information in cases of otitis externa. Samples of wax can be examined to identify Demodex spp. and Otodectes cynotis. Diff-Quik type stains can be used to identify infection with yeast and bacteria, which can help in the initial selection of therapy or the need to undertake further diagnostic tests. Where neoplastic or auto-immune disease is suspected then examination of the cellular infiltrate can give useful clues as to the underlying causes.
Osteoarthritis in brief. Part 2: management
Authors: Woods Sam
Published: August 2016

Osteoarthritis is a debilitating condition affecting up to 20% of canine and 60% of feline patients. While diagnosis is fairly straightforward, the aetiology behind the disease process, and therefore the treatment strategies are not. Multimodal management is the mainstay of controlling clinical signs and ensuring patient comfort, however this involves potentially long-term pharmacologic and dietary control, and requires significant client compliance. Research into disease pathogenesis and treatment strategies is ongoing but evidence, especially relating to many therapies and nutritional supplements, is currently lacking. Genetic research continues, as does that into mesenchymal stem cell therapy and cartilage repair and regeneration, but clinical ‘cure’ remains a distant objective. This second article aims to discuss multimodal management of the condition in more detail, including physical therapy, dietary management, analgesia and surgical strategies. It will briefly introduce the concept of cellular and targeted pharmacologic treatment, and will hopefully encourage readers to undertake further reading on these topics.
Battling rabies in Malawi
Authors: Gibson Andy
Published: August 2016

Mission Rabies, tackling rabies in Malawi by mass-vaccination of dogs in large cities, has shown that door-to-door visits reach more puppies than static clinics and can produce good vaccination rates.
Periorbital sarcoids
Authors: Hollis Anna
Published: August 2016

Anna Hollis RCVS recognised specialist in equine internal medicine, senior clinician in equine oncology at the Animal Health Trust discusses the latest treatment options
Closing problomatic wounds: a better option?
Authors: Mair Tim
Published: August 2016

Tim Mair, Director at Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, discusses the use of tissue expanders
Treating the mini equid - a unique challenge
Authors: Lilly Gemma
Published: August 2016

Gemma Lilly, equine dental technician at the Donkey Sanctuary discusses the difficulties that may be encountered when treating miniature equids
Fit for purpose?
Authors: Quiney Laura
Published: August 2016

Laura Quiney BVSc MRCVS, junior clinician at the Animal Health Trust (AHT) Equine Clinic, discusses what to look for when buying a horse and, how conformation could influence biomechanics and injury risks
REACT now to beat colic
Authors: Hannelly Emmeline
Published: August 2016

Emmeline Hannelly, welfare education officer at the British Horse Society, reviews the results of recent research into the identification and management of colic
Comparing the range and costs of COPD treatments in primary care
Authors: Cope Graham
Published: August 2016

Practice nurses should familiarise themselves with the many products available for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Graham Cope outlines the treatments used in primary care, and compares cost benefits.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term illness caused by inflammation and tissue destruction, resulting in impaired airflow and inadequate oxygen availability during exercise. Inhalers acting on the nervous system that control the respiratory muscles are the main drug therapy used to treat COPD and are often used in combination to enhance their efficacy. Anti-inflammatory formulae are also used, but usually with long-lasting bronchoinhalers. Patients should be treated cost-effectively, but providing patient-centred care is paramount.
Contraception in general practice: Frequently asked questions
Authors: Robinson Carol Marilyn Ann
Published: August 2016

Practice nurses often have queries about contraception, particularly combined hormonal contraception. Carol Marilyn Ann Robinson offers evidence-based advice, responding to typical questions and using expert resources.

The aim of this article is to address questions frequently asked by practice nurses related to contraception and, in particular, combined hormonal contraception. The questions are based on an analysis of enquiries and clinical situations highlighted during contraception and sexual health training programmes for practice nurses. To formulate evidence-based answers, electronic sources were routinely searched, including clinical guidance from the Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health (FSRH); the World Health Organization (WHO) publications: UK Medical Eligibility Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (UKMEC) (2016); the Cochrane library; and MEDLINE, plus manufacturers' summaries of product characteristics (SPC).
Offering pre-travel advice to the last-minute traveller
Authors: Driver Carolyn
Published: August 2016

How should practices offering travel health services deal with last-minute requests for vaccinations and travel consultations? Carolyn Driver outlines good practice, including using a variety of opportunities to promote the importance of travel preparation.

Last-minute and frequent travel are part of modern life and practices that provide travel health services should make efforts to ensure there is capacity to see last-minute travellers when they seek advice, devising an appropriate policy. Part of the global sum that practices currently receive is to cover the provision of NHS-reimbursable travel vaccinations. A risk assessment will identify the most significant hazards for the individual traveller, followed by tailored advice about prophylaxis and vaccinations. Where appointments cannot be found, a telephone conversation can elicit important information and allow health professionals to signpost alternative travel clinics.
Improving adherence for patients using topical treatments
Authors: Buchanan Pauline Judy
Published: August 2016

Poor adherence affects quality of life and clinical outcomes for patients living with long-term, chronic skin conditions. Pauline Judy Buchanan highlights the barriers to adherence and discusses taking a biopsychosocial approach to assessment and intervention.

This article explores adherence and non-adherence to topical treatment regimens. The paper identifies important influences on adherence and highlights how poor adherence impacts on quality of life and clinical outcomes for patients living with long-term chronic skin conditions. It examines important aspects of care, including nurse–patient consultations, communication, a biopsychosocial approach and health literacy. In line with evidence-based practice and quality improvement, nursing assessment, interventions and evaluation strategies are discussed with the aim of aiding nurses in supporting patients to improve adherence.
Benefits of flu vaccination: Exploring the evidence
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: August 2016

Avoidable deaths from influenza are all too common. Mark Greener discusses recent evidence highlighting the efficacy of the flu vaccine in preventing heart failure, stroke, and reducing hospital admissions and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes.
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: August 2016

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Management of a pseudo-aneurysm in the hepatic artery after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Senthilkumar MP , Battula N , Perera MTPR , Marudanayagam R , Isaac J , Muiesan P , Olliff SP , Mirza DF
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Symptomatic hepatic-artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) after bile-duct injury (BDI) is a rare complication with a varied (but clinically urgent) presentation.

Methods

A prospectively maintained database of all patients with BDI at laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) referred to a tertiary specialist hepatobiliary centre between 1992 and 2011 was searched systematically to identify patients with a symptomatic HAP. Care and outcome of these patients was studied.

Results

Eight (6 men) of 236 patients with BDI (3.4%) with a median age of 65 (range: 54?6) years presented with symptomatic HAP. Median time of presentation of the HAP from the index LC was 31 (range: 13?16) days. Bleeding was the dominant presentation in 7 patients. One patient presented late (>2 years) with abdominal pain alone. Computed tomography angiography was the most useful investigation. Angioembolisation was successful in 7 patients. One patient died, and another patient developed liver infarction. Three patients (38%) developed biliary strictures after embolisation. Seven patients are alive and well at a median follow-up of 66 months.

Conclusions

Presentation of HAP is often delayed. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis. Computed tomography angiography is the first-line investigation and selective angioembolisation can yield successful outcomes.
Quantification of radiation exposure in the operating theatre during management of common fractures of the upper extremity in children
Authors: Maempel JF , Stone OD , Murray AW
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Surgical procedures to manage trauma to the wrist, forearm and elbow in children are very common. Image intensifiers are used routinely, yet studies/guidelines that quantify expected radiation exposure in such procedures are lacking.

Methods

Information on demographics, injury type, surgeon grade and dose area product (DAP) of radiation exposure per procedure was collected prospectively for 248 patients undergoing manipulation/fixation of injuries to the elbow, forearm or wrist at a paediatric hospital over 1 year.

Results

DAP exposure (in cGycm2) differed significantly across different procedures (p<0.001): wrist manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA; median, 0.39), wrist k-wiring (1.01), forearm MUA (0.50), flexible nailing of the forearm (2.67), supracondylar fracture MUA and k-wiring (2.23) and open reduction and internal fixation of the lateral humeral condyle (0.96). Fixation of a Gartland grade-3 supracondylar fracture (2.94cGycm2) was associated with higher exposure than grade-2 fixation (1.95cGycm2) (p=0.048). Fractures of the wrist or forearm necessitating metalwork fixation resulted in higher exposure than those requiring manipulation only (both p<0.001). For procedures undertaken by trainees, trainee seniority (between year-5 and year-8 and clinical fellow, p≥0.24) did not affect the DAP significantly.

Conclusions

The spectrum of radiation exposures for common procedures utilised in the management of paediatric upper limb trauma were quantified. These findings will be useful to surgeons auditing their practice and quantifying radiation-associated risks to patients. Our data may serve as a basis for implementing protocols designed to improve patient safety.
‘All changed, changed utterly’
Authors: Mortensen Neil
Published: August 2016

Where the surgical profession now stands after a summer of unprecedented political drama.
Lessons in leadership from… Niall Dickson
Authors: Shah Jyoti
Published: August 2016

Our series on leadership continues this month with Niall Dickson, Chief Executive of the General Medical Council
Keeping the score
Authors: Mitchell DC , Spencer SA
Published: August 2016

A discussion of issues around data quality and case mix control.
Candid about complications
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: August 2016

Each month we take a close look at a recent legal case with implications for the surgical profession.
The problem of modern locations in US news
Authors: Barnhurst Kevin G.
Published: August 2016

US citizens seem uninformed about the tighter-knit world, and observers blame the media. Since the formation of their occupation, journalists have assumed that foreign coverage is shrinking as local news increases. The late-nineteenth-century redefinition of space, with the closing of the American frontier, focused news practice on the local. But content analyses of print, television, radio and online news show that in the twentieth century references to foreign countries grew, while references to local addresses decreased. Previous research shares practitioner assumptions and thus cannot explain the contradiction. Audiences want more foreign news, but as other locations become accessible news covers them less. Treating the public as ignorant expands the gulf separating practitioners. The trends mark another cultural redefinition, from physical ‘place’ towards digital-era ‘spaces’.
Book Reviews
Authors: Novak David R. , Lenaghan Elizabeth , Richardson Frank C.
Published: August 2016

ORGANIZATIONAL DISCOURSE: COMMUNICATION AND CONSTITUTION, FRANÇOIS COOREN (JANUARY 2015) 1st ed., Malden, MA: Polity, 224 pp., ISBN: 9780745654218, h/bk, $64.95, ISBN: 9780745654225, p/bk, $22.95

WHAT MIDDLETOWN READ: PRINT CULTURE IN AN AMERICAN SMALL CITY, FRANK FELSENSTEIN AND JAMES J. CONNOLLY (JUNE 2015) 1st ed., Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 344 pp., ISBN: 9781625341419, p/bk, $28.95

CULTURES OF OPTIMISM: THE INSTITUTIONAL PROMOTION OF HOPE, OLIVER BENNETT (JANUARY 2015) 1st ed., London: Palgrave Macmillan, 248 pp., ISBN: 9781137484802, h/bk, $95.00