bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Planning
Authors: Tilley Alvin R. , Rider Alan H. , Maze Camie ,   Cannon Design, McGee Cline , Steinfeld Ed , White Jonathan , Perry Lawrence G. , Lehner Richard , Mohnke Doug , Tobias Armando , Catlin Jack , Architects Sally Swanson , Williams Tod ,   Trivers Associates
Published: December 2019

“Ergonomics” is the application of human factors data to design. The factors that cause human variations are gender, age, ethnicity, and race. The field of anthropometrics provides information about the dimension and functional capacity of the human body. “Universal design is a process that enables and empowers a diverse population by Improving human performance, health and wellness, and social participation”. This chapter provides details on the basic minimum requirements for accessible design and offer suggestions on where designers should exceed the minimum to provide a more welcoming and inclusive environment for all people by addressing universal design goals. Design for a specific user in a private residential setting or work environment should address that user's specific needs and involve much more interaction with the client to ensure the design accommodates the person's preferences. Accessible design will continue to change as medical advances and technologies continue to evolve.
Selection of prescription isodose line for brain metastases treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Yuan , Ma Pan , Xu Yingjie , Dai Jianrong
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To exploit the optimal prescription isodose line (IDL) for brain metastases treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) as there is no consensus on the selection of IDL with VMAT.

Methods and materials

Eighteen patients with 20 brain tumors, who were treated with VMAT, were enrolled in this study. For each tumor of every patient, five plans were designed with IDL ranging from 50% to 90% in 10% increments. Different IDLs were obtained through adjusting the constraint parameters during planning optimization. Prescription dose (10 × 5 Gy) were identical for all plans, and the plans were compared in terms of gradient index (GI), conformity Index (CI), V26 Gy/VPTV, and V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue, which correlate to radiation necrosis.

Results

IDL with lowest GI has a median value of 60.0% (ranging from 50% to 80%). Except for one tumor with volume larger than 10 cc, the IDL with lowest GI varies from 50% to 70%, which depends on the shape of PTV, location, and whether the target volume is adjacent to crucial OAR. Moreover, there is no significant difference for CI with varying IDL plans. The average V26 Gy/VPTV and V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue 60% IDL plans are 27.3%, 31.7% lower than 90% IDL plans separately (P < 0.05). However, by further decreasing IDL from 60% to 50%, the average V26 Gy/VPTV and V32 Gy/VPTV may increase comparing with 60% IDL plans (P > 0.05). Furthermore, a lower IDL is found to result in higher mean dose to the target volume (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Plans using VMAT with PTV smaller than 10 cc tend to be optimal with IDL around 60–70% for lower GI, smaller V26 Gy/VPTV, V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue, and higher mean dose in tumor comparing with high IDL plans which have potential benefit in reducing risk of radiation necrosis and increasing the local control. However, IDL lower than 60% is not recommended for the disadvantage of increasing V26 Gy/VPTV and V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue.
Comparison of Physical Activity Measures Derived From the Fitbit Flex and the ActiGraph GT3X+ in an Employee Population With Chronic Knee Symptoms
Authors: Semanik Pamela , Lee Jungwha , Pellegrini Christine A. , Song Jing , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Chang Rowland W.
Published: December 2019

Objective

We examined the accuracy of data from an affordable personal monitor (Fitbit Flex) compared with that of data from a research‐grade accelerometer worn simultaneously for 7 days; high accuracy would support substitution with this less‐expensive personal activity monitor in future community‐based arthritis research.

Methods

Subjects (N = 35) with chronic knee symptoms were recruited for a pilot intervention study using Fitbits to increase physical activity in employees with chronic knee symptoms at an urban corporation. Subjects simultaneously wore for 7 days a Fitbit Flex (wrist‐worn) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (waist‐worn). Fitbit Flex data were regularly stored on a research storage service (Fitabase) by participants. Bland–Altman plots were constructed to examine the agreement between the mean daily times spent in light activity and in bouted moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Comparisons were calculated by matching Fitabase data from calendar days the Fitbit was worn with data from valid monitoring days (greater than or equal to 10 hours wear time) of the ActiGraph.

Results

Participants at baseline were mostly female (69%) and white (57%) and had a mean age of 52 years and body mass index of 32 kg/m2. Bland–Altman analyses indicated systematic bias overall (the Fitbit overestimated both light‐intensity activity and MVPA compared with the ActiGraph). The average error varied in magnitude and direction with changing activity amounts.

Conclusion

The Fitbit Flex does not appear to be an adequate substitute for research‐grade accelerometry (which represents the gold standard for objective research monitoring of all physical activity intensity levels) in this population of persons with chronic knee symptoms.
Tensile Mechanical Behaviors of High Loading of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites via Experimental and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Shen Lulu , Liu Ling , Wu Zhanjun
Published: December 2019

This article aims to explore the tensile behaviors of a randomly distributed carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced epoxy (EP) composite with high CNT loading by experimental and finite element analysis (FEA). The CNT/EP with CNT loading of 22–25 wt% is prepared by resin‐film infusion process. The obtained tensile strength and modulus of the as‐prepared CNT/EP are increased by 141.7% and 175.3%, respectively, compared with the blank EP. When the CNT/EP prepreg (uncured) is prestretched with a tensile deformation of 2.5% to improve the alignment of CNTs, the yielded tensile strength and modulus of the cured composite are further improved by 6.3% and 10.8%. FEA result reveals that CNTs are the main stress carriers, and the maximum stress level undertaken by CNTs is 23‐fold that of EP matrix. Also, the carrying capacity of CNTs is closely correlative to their alignments, when the orientation angle between CNTs' axes and loading direction is changed from 0° to 61°, CNTs bear continuously decreasing tensile stress; otherwise (61° to 90°), CNTs undertake increasing compressive stress. Moreover, CNTs affect their nearby stress fields within EP in a distance of 50–60 nm, which proves that stress can be effectively transferred from EP matrix to CNTs.
S𝔸𝕄PLE: A Software Suite to Predict Consolidation and Microstructure for Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Markl Matthias , Rausch Alexander M. , Küng Vera E. , Körner Carolin
Published: December 2019

Powder bed fusion comprises all layer‐by‐layer additive manufacturing technologies of parts built from a powder bed. To exploit the advantages of near‐net shape manufacturing of complex geometries, in contrast to conventional manufacturing techniques, it is essential to understand the underlying physical phenomena occurring during processing for a broad range of different process scenarios. Experimental approaches are costly in time and material and provide only limited access inside the process. However, to understand the process behavior and predict final properties of parts, numerical approaches are powerful tools. This work presents the software suite S𝔸𝕄PLE (Simulation of Additive Manufacturing on the Powder scale using a Laser or Electron beam) which simulates the consolidation and microstructure evolution during beam‐based powder bed fusion processes. It is based on a mesoscopic approach, in which statistical powder beds, melt pool dynamics, evaporation effects, and microstructure evolution are considered and can simulate the build‐up of more than 100 layers. The underlying models and algorithms of the software including a newly applied thermal model are described. Finally, the unique potential of the software is demonstrated by reviewing the influence of various powder bed properties, the effects of evaporation, and the grain structure evolution in the process.
A Photoetching‐After‐Growth Approach for the Synthesis of Nanocrystal Heterostructures Exhibiting Tunable Dual‐Band Emission
Authors: Lim Sung Jun , Kim Wonjung , Shin Seung Koo
Published: December 2019

Introduced herein is a new strategy for synthesizing sophisticated colloidal semiconductor nanostructures with targeted optical properties by combining a conventional colloidal growth (bottom‐up) process and a postgrowth photoetching (top‐down) process. To demonstrate the utility of such photoetching‐after‐growth approach, a complex quantum dot (QD)–quantum rod (QR) dual quantum‐confined domain nanocrystal heterostructure (NCH) is engineered which exhibits bright dual‐band emission precisely tunable in a broad visible region. (CdSe/CdS)/ZnS/CdSe QD/barrier/multi‐QR NCHs consisting of a single CdSe/CdS QD core and multiple CdSe QR branches with a wide‐bandgap ZnS barrier between them are prepared through a multistep colloidal growth. The as‐synthesized NCHs show a single emission band from QR; however, after photoetching, NCHs begin to display bright dual emission bands, a high‐energy emission band from QR in addition to the low‐energy emission band from QD. While the QD emission at 586 nm is determined by colloidal growth conditions, that of QR emission is precisely tunable in the 500–585 nm range by quantum‐size‐selective photoetching using a wavelength‐tunable laser. Notably, the QR emission bandwidth decreases to ≈20 nm, which is close to that of a single CdSe nanorod, emphasizing a significant quantum‐size‐focusing effect of the photoetching process.
Soft Crawling Robots: Design, Actuation, and Locomotion
Authors: Chen Shoue , Cao Yunteng , Sarparast Morteza , Yuan Hongyan , Dong Lixin , Tan Xiaobo , Cao Changyong
Published: December 2019

Soft crawling robots have attracted great attention due to their anticipated effective interactions with humans and uncertain environments, as well as their potential capabilities of completing a variety of tasks encompassing search and rescue, infrastructure inspection, surveillance, drug delivery, and human assistance. Herein, a comprehensive survey on recent advances of soft crawling robots categorized by their major actuation mechanisms is provided, including pneumatic/hydraulic pressure, chemical reaction, and soft active material‐based actuations, which include dielectric elastomers, shape memory alloys, magnetoactive elastomers, liquid crystalline elastomers, piezoelectric materials, ionic polymer–metal composites, and twisted and coiled polymers. For each type of actuation, the prevalent modes of locomotion adopted in representative robots, the design, working principle and performance of their soft actuators, and the performance of each locomotion approach, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of each design are discussed. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art progresses and the critical knowledge in designing soft crawling robots and offers a guidance and insightful outlook for the future development of soft robots.
Quantum‐Dots Photosensor with Wide Bandgap P‐Type and N‐Type Oxide Semiconductors for High Detectivity and Responsivity
Authors: Kim Yoseob , Kim Jeonggi , Kim Hyo‐Min , Jang Jin
Published: December 2019

The photodiode is a promising architecture for photodetection because of its fast response and high external quantum efficiency (EQE). The photodiode requires high detectivity, responsivity, and low dark current for various applications. Here, a new structure of quantum‐dots (QD) photodiode is reported for ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, and red light sensing using a red QD layer between p‐type and n‐type metal‐oxide semiconductors. CdZnSeS/ZnS QD is used for photoabsorption with p‐type Cu2SnS3–Ga2O3 and n‐type Li doped ZnO (LZO) for carrier collection. The QD photodiode has a low dark current density of 2.08 nA cm−2 at −1 V leading to high rectification ratio of ≈105. The QD photodiode shows superior properties with responsivity of 0.258 A W−1 and detectivity of 1.00 × 1013 Jones at −1 V under green illumination. The rise and fall times of QD photodiode are 2.1 and 2.6 ms, respectively. The QD photodiode on a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate is also demonstrated, exhibiting stable characteristics under bending test of 20 000 cycles at a bending radius of 0.32 mm.
The encouraging improvement of polyamide nanofiltration membrane by cucurbituril‐based host–guest chemistry
Authors: Cao Xue‐Li , Guo Jia‐Lin , Cai Jing , Liu Mei‐Ling , Japip Susilo , Xing Weihong , Sun Shi‐Peng
Published: December 2019

The considerable performance enhancement of small molecule‐sieving nanofiltration membrane has been achieved by the functional combination between host–guest chemistry and interfacial polymerization (IP) for the first time in this work. First, the water‐insolubility of cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) was ameliorated by constructing host–guest complex (CB6‐PIP) with piperazine. Second, the incorporation of water‐soluble CB6‐PIP in the selective layer via IP leads to the generation of not only the enlarged conventional polyamide network tunnels but also rotaxane tunnels. Such enrichment of solvent transport tunnels contributes to an amazing pure water permeability of 15.5–25.4 Lm−2bar−1h−1, three times higher than that of traditional polyamide membranes, with a high R/MgSO4 of 99.5–92.5%, perfect SO42−/Cl− selectivity due to the electronegative contribution of CB6, as well as untapped potential in organic solvent nanofiltration. This work not only provides a fire‐new strategy to design new type of NF materials but also promotes the application of CBs in many other fields.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] and [2+4] Annulations of γ‐Methyl Allenoates with Aryl α‐Keto Esters: Stereoselective Syntheses of Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans and 4‐Chromanols
Authors: Qin Zifeng , Liu Rongfang , Zhou Rong , Li Ruifeng , He Zhengjie
Published: December 2019

Phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] and [2+4] annulation reactions of γ‐methyl allenoates with aryl α‐keto esters are described. Under the catalysis of triarylphosphine, γ‐methyl allenoates participate in both the [3+2] annulation with aroylformates and [2+4] annulation with ortho‐hydroxy aroylformates smoothly to bring about functionalized tetrahydrofurans and 4‐chromanols, respectively, in moderate to excellent yields with high stereoselectivity. The reactions herein also represent rare successful examples of phosphine‐catalyzed allene−ketone transformations, and further expand the scope of ketones in allene chemistry under phosphine catalysis.
ASC‐1 Is a Cell Cycle Regulator Associated with Severe and Mild Forms of Myopathy
Authors: Villar‐Quiles Rocío N. , Catervi Fabio , Cabet Eva , Juntas‐Morales Raul , Genetti Casie A. , Gidaro Teresa , Koparir Asuman , Yüksel Adnan , Coppens Sandra , Deconinck Nicolas , Pierce‐Hoffman Emma , Lornage Xavière , Durigneux Julien , Laporte Jocelyn , Rendu John , Romero Norma B. , Beggs Alan H. , Servais Laurent , Cossée Mireille , Olivé Montse , Böhm Johann , Duband‐Goulet Isabelle , Ferreiro Ana
Published: December 2019

Objective

Recently, the ASC‐1 complex has been identified as a mechanistic link between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and 3 mutations of the ASC‐1 gene TRIP4 have been associated with SMA or congenital myopathy. Our goal was to define ASC‐1 neuromuscular function and the phenotypical spectrum associated with TRIP4 mutations.

Methods

Clinical, molecular, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging studies were made in 5 families with 7 novel TRIP4 mutations. Fluorescence activated cell sorting and Western blot were performed in patient‐derived fibroblasts and muscles and in Trip4 knocked‐down C2C12 cells.

Results

All mutations caused ASC‐1 protein depletion. The clinical phenotype was purely myopathic, ranging from lethal neonatal to mild ambulatory adult patients. It included early onset axial and proximal weakness, scoliosis, rigid spine, dysmorphic facies, cutaneous involvement, respiratory failure, and in the older cases, dilated cardiomyopathy. Muscle biopsies showed multiminicores, nemaline rods, cytoplasmic bodies, caps, central nuclei, rimmed fibers, and/or mild endomysial fibrosis. ASC‐1 depletion in C2C12 and in patient‐derived fibroblasts and muscles caused accelerated proliferation, altered expression of cell cycle proteins, and/or shortening of the G0/G1 cell cycle phase leading to cell size reduction.

Interpretation

Our results expand the phenotypical and molecular spectrum of TRIP4‐associated disease to include mild adult forms with or without cardiomyopathy, associate ASC‐1 depletion with isolated primary muscle involvement, and establish TRIP4 as a causative gene for several congenital muscle diseases, including nemaline, core, centronuclear, and cytoplasmic‐body myopathies. They also identify ASC‐1 as a novel cell cycle regulator with a key role in cell proliferation, and underline transcriptional coregulation defects as a novel pathophysiological mechanism. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:217–232
Polyketide Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Polyaromatics
Authors: Fäseke Vincent C. , Raps Felix C. , Sparr Christof
Published: December 2019

The folding and cyclization of poly‐β‐carbonyl chains controlled by the intricate enzymatic polyketide synthase machinery results in a remarkable diversity of aromatic natural products. Synthetic methods that allow for the preparation of highly reactive polyketide chains while governing their folding in ensuing cyclizations likewise lead to versatile divergent preparations of aromatic scaffolds valuable for numerous applications. Although biomimetic polyketide cyclizations have repeatedly been applied in the total synthesis of polyphenol natural products, their utility for the preparation of the broad range of polyaromatic architectures has yet to reach its full potential. This Minireview highlights some of the virtues of applying polyketide logic to the retrosynthetic analysis of polycyclic aromatic scaffolds, the increasing accessibility of precursors, and the potential of small‐molecule catalysts for controlling polyketide cyclizations to provide polyaromatic scaffolds.
A Factorial Design Approach for Hydrothermal Synthesis of Phase‐Pure AgInO2: A Parametric Optimization Study
Authors: Beatriceveena T. V. , Sree Rama Murthy A. , Murugesan S. , Prabhu E. , Gnanasekar K. I.
Published: December 2019

Owing to a wide range of industrial applications and fundamental importance, delafossite compounds have gathered tremendous interest in research community. In this study, the formation of hexagonal nanoplates of AgInO2 mainly dominated by (00l) facets with no metallic Ag impurity, reported using a facile hydrothermal route at 180 °C using KOH as mineralizer by adopting a factorial design approach. Rietveld analysis of the powder XRD pattern and SAED confirms the rhombohedral system of AgInO2. FE‐SEM image shows a uniform hexagonal plate‐like morphology with an average width of about 300 nm and thickness of 70 nm. XPS and EDX analysis confirm potassium ion free AgInO2. A specific surface area of about 48.5 m2 g−1 is arrived from N2 adsorption studies. Temperature‐dependent AC impedance measurements revealed an activation energy of 0.24 eV/f.u. Further, TG‐DTA studies found that the compound is stable in air up to 595 °C.
Energietransfervermittelte intermolekulare Carboiminylierung von Alkenen durch den “Persistent Radical Effect”
Authors: Patra Tuhin , Bellotti Peter , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2019

Eine intermolekulare vicinale Zwei‐Komponenten‐Carboiminylierung von Alkenen wurde durch Energietransferkatalyse erreicht. Oximester von Alkylcarbonsäuren werden als bifunktionelle Reagenzien zur Erzeugung von Alkyl‐ und Iminylradikalen verwendet. Die Addition des Alkylradikals an ein Alken erzeugt dabei ein transientes Radikal, das anschließend selektive Radikal‐Radikal‐Kupplung mit dem persistenten Iminylradikal eingeht. Durch anschließende Hydrolyse des Imins ermöglicht diese Methode direkten Zugang zu primären aliphatischen Aminen sowie α‐Aminosäuren.
On the Products of Cholesterol Autoxidation in Phospholipid Bilayers and the Formation of Secosterols Derived Therefrom
Authors: Schaefer Emily L. , Zopyrus Nadia , Zielinski Zosia A. M. , Facey Glenn A. , Pratt Derek A.
Published: December 2019

In homogenous solution, cholesterol autoxidation leads to a mixture of epimers of 5 primary products, whose concentrations vary in the presence/absence of antioxidants, such as vitamin E. Two of the products (5α‐OOH and 6β‐OOH) undergo Hock fragmentation to yield electrophilic secosterols implicated in disease. Herein, we show that the product distribution is similar in phospholipid bilayers, in that the 7‐OOHs are the major products, but the presence/absence of vitamin E has no effect on the distribution. Cholesterol 7α‐OOH, but not 7β‐OOH, undergoes Hock fragmentation to yield a mixture of unprecedented A‐ring cleavage products and 6,7‐epoxides. When subjected to typical derivatization conditions, 7α‐OOH yields products with essentially indistinguishable chromatographic and spectroscopic features from the previously identified secosterols, casting further doubt on their controversial origin from endogenous O3.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activities of Nano‐Structure Eu (III) and La (III) complexes with nitrogen donor tridentate ligands
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Mohamed Eman F.
Published: December 2019

Nano structure metal complexes of Eu (III) and La (III) with two different nitrogen donor tridentate ligands: N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)‐1,3‐propanediamine “AEPD = L1” and 1‐(2‐Aminoethyl)piperazine “AEPz = L2”, were prepared. All synthesized compounds were identified and confirmed by elemental analyses, molar conductivity and spectral analyses (UV–Visible, IR and mass). Conductance measurement indicates that all the complexes are non‐electrolytic in nature and the complexes were isolated in 1:1 molar ratio (metal: ligand). Thermal decomposition profiles were consistent with the proposed formulations. The ligands behave as a tridentate ligand through three nitrogen centers of donation. The nano‐size was investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The geometric structure properties were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) for ligands and their Lanthanum (III) complexes. The complexes were screened against some bacteria strains, hepatocellular cell line and diphenylhydrazine free radical. The molecular docking active sites interactions were evaluated.
Green synthesis of 1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐2‐carbonitrile derivatives using a new bifunctional base–ionic liquid hybrid magnetic nanocatalyst
Authors: Hamidinasab Mahdia , Bodaghifard Mohammad Ali , Mobinikhaledi Akbar
Published: December 2019

The ionic liquid‐base N,N,2,2,6,6‐hexamethyl‐N‐(3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)piperidin‐4‐amonium iodide was grafted onto titana‐coated NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for obtaining an efficient and reusable ionic liquid‐base hybrid nanocatalyst. The structure of hybrid nanoparticles was characterized using FT‐IR (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy), field emission scanning electron microscopy, EDS (energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy), EDS map scan, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, CHN (elemental analysis), vibrating sample magnetometer and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Furthermore, this novel hybrid catalyst was used in one‐pot three‐component synthesis of 3‐amino‐1‐aryl‐5,10‐dioxo‐1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐2‐carbonitrile derivatives under green and environmentally benign conditions. This protocol avoids the use of harmful catalysts, toxic solvents and harsh reaction conditions. The products were synthesized in excellent yields within short reaction time and identified using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies.
Electrospinning of circumferentially aligned polymer nanofibers floating on rotating water collector
Authors: Li Shichen , Lee Bong‐Kee
Published: December 2019

This work outlines a novel electrospinning process using a rotating water collector. The circumferentially aligned nanofibers are successfully fabricated using this process. The movement and conductivity of the liquid collector are considered as the two prime factors to investigate the interaction between electrospun nanofibers and liquid surface. Through the theoretical analysis of the movement of liquid collector, it is confirmed that the liquid flow velocity demonstrates a tendency to decline from the center of the vortex to the edge of the container. Experimental results show that as the fluid flow velocity increases, the alignment of the nanofibers increases as well. In addition, it is discovered that the conductivity of the water collector demonstrates no significant effect on the alignment of nanofibers. However, the solution with higher conductivity can produce a nanofiber mat with smaller dimension. The present study confirms the versatility of the liquid collector and can be used to prepare nanofiber mats with complicated structures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48759.
Incidental capture and mortality of sea turtles in the industrial double‐rig‐bottom trawl fishery in south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Tagliolatto Alicia Bertoloto , Giffoni Bruno , Guimarães Suzana , Godfrey Matthew H. , Monteiro‐Neto Cassiano
Published: December 2019

Incidental capture by fisheries is one of the principal threats to sea turtles. This study analysed spatial and temporal patterns of sea turtle bycatch, and estimated the direct initial mortality rate of these animals, in the industrial double‐rig‐bottom trawl fishery in south‐eastern Brazil. This is also the first attempt to relate bycatch/at‐sea mortality in bottom trawling to stranded turtles found along the adjacent coast.

The fishery was monitored from October 2015 to April 2018 through data collected voluntarily by the captains of eight industrial double‐rig trawlers. Two hundred and one sea turtles were captured during 9362 tows (43,657.52 trawling hours), resulting in a catch per unit effort (CPUE) of 0.0025 ± 0.0032 turtles h−1 with a standard net of 30.5 m headrope, with no significant difference between the estimated CPUEs for licensed shrimp and demersal fish trawlers.

Caretta caretta (52.24%) and Lepidochelys olivacea (38.81%) were the most frequently captured species. According to Generalized Linear Models, C. caretta bycatch was significantly higher during winter, at lower latitudes (−24° to −23°) and higher longitudes (−42° to −40°), while the L. olivacea bycatch was significantly higher at higher latitudes (−23° to −21°). The direct initial mortality rate of sea turtles in the shrimp trawlers was 7.65 ± 3.85%. However, none of the dead individuals subsequently released with plastic tags (n = 10) were found stranded on the coast. Mortality was not significantly related to the depth or duration of the trawling.

The results of this study suggest the need for improvements to the current management of the bottom trawl fishery in Brazil, moving from a species‐based to a spatial and seasonal‐based approach. There is also a need to develop turtle excluder devices adapted to local fishing conditions.
Recent Developments in Lead‐Free Double Perovskites: Structure, Doping, and Applications
Authors: Dave Kashyap , Fang Mu Huai , Bao Zhen , Fu Hong Ting , Liu Ru Shi
Published: December 2019

Lead‐free perovskite structures have been recently attracting considerable attention because of their eco‐friendly nature and properties, such as their lead‐based structure. In this work, we reviewed the lead‐free double perovskite (LFDP) structure because of its unique electronic dimensions, chemical stability, and substitutional chemistry compared with other lead‐free structures. We highlighted the recent progress on crystal structure prediction, synthesis methods, metal dopants, and ligand passivation on LFDPs. LFDPs are useful for several applications, such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, degradation of photocatalytic dyes, sensors, and X‐ray detectors. This report provides a summary of recent progress as a reference for further research on lead‐free perovskite structures.
The Self‐Construal Scale: A Potential Tool for Predicting Subjective Well‐Being of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kaneko Sachie , Kato Takahiro A. , Makinodan Manabu , Komori Takashi , Ishida Rio , Kishimoto Naoko , Takahashi Masato , Yasuda Yuka , Hashimoto Ryota , Iwasaka Hidemi , Tanaka Ayumi , Uchida Yukiko , Kanba Shigenobu , Kishimoto Toshifumi
Published: December 2019

Despite accumulating evidence that culture shapes the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no studies have yet applied the Self‐Construal Scale to individuals with ASD. We compared the self‐construals (measured using the Self‐Construal Scale) of 31 high‐functioning Japanese individuals with ASD with those of 60 typically developing (TD) individuals. We also examined how the self‐construals of individuals with ASD related to their intelligence quotient, adverse childhood experiences, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ASD symptoms during adulthood and preschool years, and subjective well‐being. Individuals with ASD were more likely to display independent self‐construals than were TD individuals; unexpectedly, however, a substantial proportion of individuals with ASD (43.8%) displayed relatively interdependent self‐construals. Among individuals with ASD, self‐construals were significantly associated with ASD symptoms during preschool years, and with satisfaction of the need for autonomy and frustration of the need for relatedness. Evaluating self‐construals can help predict the subjective well‐being of high‐functioning individuals with ASD. Moreover, the Self‐Construal Scale may be useful for understanding the heterogeneous phenotypes of ASD, based on its association with autistic symptoms during preschool years, suggesting that the scale is a potential tool to develop efficient interventions for high‐functioning individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 947‐958. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of disorders presenting a variety of symptoms and biological origins that can complicate choosing an intervention best suited for improving well‐being. Results indicate that a self‐construal scale could help understand individuals with high‐functioning ASD by independent and interdependent self‐construals that are associated with ASD symptoms during preschool years and adult subjective well‐being. Our findings suggest that this scale can help understand ASD and select appropriate interventions.
The Value of Survey‐Informed Communication Planning
Authors: Snyder Karen P. , Lamar Adriana P. , Campbell James
Published: December 2019

Key Takeaways

Survey research is a powerful tool to assess customers’ needs; using it effectively will depend on local conditions and your strategic plan.

Early data collection can identify questions, concerns, or misperceptions and inform effective, targeted communication moving forward.

Three water agency case studies offer approaches for community outreach to best inform communication planning.
Digital Twins: The Next Generation of Water Treatment Technology
Authors: Curl Jason M. , Nading Tyler , Hegger Kyle , Barhoumi Amer , Smoczynski Monika
Published: December 2019

Key Takeaways

Water utilities are turning to “digital twins” to benefit their ongoing operations, improve planning, and enhance operator training.

As facility “flight simulators,” digital twins allow utilities to quickly investigate many solutions without putting equipment, public health, or the environment at risk.

Dynamic process simulations boost communication and collaboration, especially for teams with varied technical backgrounds.
Refinement of inducible gene deletion in embryos of pregnant mice
Authors: Savery Dawn , Maniou Eirini , Culshaw Lucy H. , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Copp Andrew J. , Galea Gabriel L.
Published: December 2019

CreERT2‐mediated gene recombination is widely applied in developmental biology research. Activation of CreERT2 is typically achieved by injection of tamoxifen in an oily vehicle into the peritoneal cavity of mid‐gestation pregnant mice. This can be technically challenging and adversely impacts welfare. Here we characterize three refinements to this technique: Pipette feeding (not gavage) of tamoxifen, ex vivo CreERT2 activation in whole embryo culture and injection of cell‐permeable TAT‐Cre into Cre‐negative cultured embryos. We demonstrate that pipette feeding of tamoxifen solution to the mother on various days of gestation reliably activates embryonic CreERT2, illustrated here using β‐Actin
CreERT2, Sox2
CreERT2, T
CreERT2, and Nkx1.2
CreERT2. Pipette feeding of tamoxifen induces dose‐dependent recombination of Rosa26
mTmG reporters when administered at E8.5. Activation of two neuromesodermal progenitor‐targeting Cre drivers, T
CreERT2, and Nkx1.2
CreERT2, produces comparable neuroepithelial lineage tracing. Dose‐dependent CreERT2 activation can also be achieved by brief exposure to 4OH‐tamoxifen in whole embryo culture, allowing temporal control of gene deletion and eliminating the need to treat pregnant mice. Rosa26
mTmG reporter recombination can also be achieved regionally by injecting TAT‐Cre into embryonic tissues at the start of culture. This allows greater spatial control over Cre activation than can typically be achieved with endogenous CreERT2, for example by injecting TAT‐Cre on one side of the midline. We hope that our description and application of these techniques will stimulate refinement of experimental methods involving CreERT2 activation for gene deletion and lineage tracing studies. Improved temporal (ex vivo treatment) and spatial (TAT‐Cre injection) control of recombination will also allow previously intractable questions to be addressed.
Retracted: Protective impacts of circular RNA VMA21 on lipopolysaccharide‐engendered WI‐38 cells injury via mediating microRNA‐142‐3p
Authors: Yang Peili , Gao Ran , Zhou Wenwen , Han Anbang
Published: December 2019

CircRNA derived from vacuolar ATPase assembly factor (circVMA21) is a newly‐researched circRNA, which is reported to adjust the degeneration of intervertebral disc. But, function of circVMA21 in infantile pneumonia is yet to be explored. The research surveyed the role of circVMA21 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐caused WI‐38 cell inflammatory injury. LPS (10 μg/ml, 12 hr) was exploited to arouse WI‐38 cell inflammatory injury. Subsequently, the mediatory impacts of microRNA (miR)‐142‐3p and circVMA21 in LPS‐evoked cell injury were detected after transfection with the inhibited or overexpressed vectors. In above processes, cell behaviors of cell viability, apoptosis, and pro‐inflammatory factors were monitored. NF‐κB and JNK pathways were elucidated to showcase the feasible molecular mechanisms. Results displayed that LPS engendered WI‐38 cell inflammatory injury was alleviated as well as activated NF‐κB and JNK pathways was interdicted by miR‐142‐3p suppression. Importantly, restrained miR‐142‐3p expression was discovered in WI‐38 cells after overexpressing circVMA21. Moreover, overexpressed circVMA21 exerted the similar functions as miR‐142‐3p suppression in LPS‐triggered WI‐38 cell injury. But, the influence was clearly reversed by miR‐142‐3p overexpression. Hindered NF‐κB and JNK pathways caused by overexpressed circVMA21 was also crippled by miR‐142‐3p overexpression. The research discolsed that circVMA21 protected WI‐38 cells to resist LPS‐triggered inflammatory injury via miR‐142‐3p‐NF‐κB/JNK axis.
EBV status has prognostic implication among young patients with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Eladl Ahmed E. , Shimada Kazuyuki , Suzuki Yuka , Takahara Taishi , Kato Seiichi , Kohno Kei , Elsayed Ahmed Ali , Wu Chun‐Chieh , Tokunaga Takashi , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Nakamura Shigeo , Satou Akira
Published: December 2019

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐positive B cells have been detected in 66%‐86% of patients with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL). However, it remains controversial whether EBV status has an impact on the survival of patients with AITL. In this study, we aimed to reevaluate the impact of EBV on the clinicopathological characteristics of AITL. In particular, we focused on the impact of EBV in younger patients with AITL. In total, 270 cases of AITL were studied. Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive B cells were detected in 191 (71%) cases (EBER+ group). Among the patients who received anthracycline‐based therapy, the EBER status did not affect the overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS). In the younger group of AITL (≤60 years), PFS was significantly worse in the EBER− group compared to the EBER+ group (P = .0013). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis identified EBER‐negative status, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum IgA level as significant adverse prognostic factors for PFS (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .002). Based on these findings, we constructed new prognostic model for the younger group, based on three adverse factors. We classified the patients into two risk groups: low risk (no or 1 adverse factor) and high risk (2 or 3 adverse factors). This new model for younger patients with AITL showed that both OS and PFS were significantly related to the level of risk (P < .0001). In summary, this study showed that, among younger patients with AITL, an EBER+ status significantly improved prognosis compared to an EBER− status. Our new prognostic model should be applicable to younger patients with AITL.
The Development Process: from SAHA to Hydroxamate HDAC Inhibitors with Branched CAP Region and Linear Linker
Authors: Yang Feifei , Zhao Na , Hu Yunjie , Jiang Cheng‐Shi , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2019

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) belong to a group of epigenetic regulatory enzymes that participate in modulating the acetylation level of histone lysine residues as well as non‐histone proteins, and they play a key role in the regulation of gene expression. HDACs are potential anticancer drug targets highly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells. So far, five small molecules targeting HDACs have been approved for the therapy of cancer, and over 20 inhibitors of HDACs are under different phases of clinical trials. Among them, hydroxamate‐based HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) represent a well‐investigated series of chemical entities. The current review covers the recent progress in the discovery process, form SAHA to hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors with branched CAP region and linear linker. At the same time, the pharmacological and structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies of the specific derivatives from SAHA and the HDACis with branched CAP region and linear linker are also introduced.
A look inside stent deployment in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Saad Marwan , Abbott J. Dawn
Published: December 2019

Key Points

In this observational study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) showed higher rates of abnormal findings in hemodialysis compared with nonhemodialysis patients.

In this high‐risk population, the utilization of intracoronary imaging as well as appropriate lesion preparation should be adopted to optimize PCI results.

With the high resolution of OCT, identification of abnormal findings after PCI, such as small edge dissections, is common. Further research is encouraged to evaluate clinical outcomes associated with treating minor abnormal findings on OCT after PCI.
Outcomes of transfemoral balloon expandable transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Comparison of two subsequent valve generations
Authors: Schymik Gerhard , Wendler Olaf , Hengstenberg Christian , Ohlmann Patrick , Gilard Martine , Digne Franck , Souteyrand Geraud , Letocart Vincent , van Belle Eric , Bramlage Peter , Tarantini Giuseppe ,   SOURCE 3 and SOURCE XT Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background

The SAPIEN 3 (S3) addresses several limitations of the SAPIEN XT (SXT) for the performance of transfemoral (TF‐) balloon expandable transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Objectives

We aimed to determine whether their altered features translate into improved outcomes in a real‐world TF‐TAVI patient population.

Methods

Data for 3,314 patients were extracted from the European registries SOURCE‐XT and SOURCE‐3. Patients were propensity‐score (PS) matched (n= 1,169/group).

Results

In the PS matched comparison, device success was higher in the S3 (99.2%) compared to the SXT group (98.2%;p= .04). S3 patients experienced a lower rate of procedural death (0.7 vs. 2.6%;p= .0004), moderate/severe paravalvular leakage (PVL; 1.4 vs. 5.5%;p < .0001), and procedure‐related stroke (1.2 vs. 2.4%;p= .04) while higher rates of mean aortic valve gradients ≥20 mmHg, and new permanent pacemaker implantations were seen. At 30 days a lower rate of all‐cause mortality was seen (2.1% vs. 4.3%;p= .003), which was preserved after 1 year (10.7% vs. 14.9%;p= .002). A Cox regression predicting 1‐year mortality resulted in a hazard ratio of 0.684 in favor of S3 (p= .0026). The same was true of stroke (2.8% vs. 5.7%;p= .0007), and moderate/severe PVL (2.7 vs. 7.3%;p= .0002) at 1 year. The rate of new pacemaker implantations (13.6% vs. 9.5%;p= .001) and NYHA III/IV (12.8 vs. 8.6%;p= .004) was higher with the S3.

Conclusions

The improved features of the S3 appear to translate into improved survival and reduced rates of adverse complications, with the exception of a higher rate of new pacemaker implantations.
Synergetic Catalysis for One‐pot Bis‐alkoxycarbonylation of Terminal Alkynes over Pd/Xantphos−Al(OTf)3 Bi‐functional Catalytic System
Authors: Guo Wen‐Di , Liu Lei , Yang Shu‐Qing , Chen Xiao‐Chao , Lu Yong , VO‐Thanh Giang , Liu Ye
Published: December 2019

Tandem bis‐alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes allows for the preparation of 2‐substituted succinates from alkynes and nucleophile alcohol via two successive alkoxycarbonylation with advantages of 100 % atomic economy and simplified one‐pot operation. Herein, the one‐pot tandem bis‐alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes was accomplished over the bi‐functional catalytic system containing Xantphos‐modified Pd‐complex and Lewis super‐acid of Al(OTf)3. It was found that, via the synergetic catalysis, the involved Xantphos‐modified Pd‐complex was responsible for the activation of CO and the alkynes through coordination to Pd‐center while Al(OTf)3 was in charge of the activation of the alcohol to facilitate the formation of [Pd−H]+ active species. The in situ high‐pressure FT‐IR analysis, coupled with 1H/13C NMR spectral characterizations, confirmed that the introduced Al(OTf)3 with intensive oxophilicity (via acid‐base pair interaction) was able to activate nucleophilic MeOH to be a reliable proton‐donor (i. e. hydride‐source) to warrant the formation and stability of [Pd−H]+ species upon the oxidation of Pd0 by H+ (Pd0+H+→[PdII−H]+). Over the developed bi‐functional catalytic system, the yields of the target diesters were obtained in the range of 36∼86 % in this sequence with the wide substrate scope.
Fault monitoring based on locally weighted probabilistic kernel partial least square for nonlinear time‐varying processes
Authors: Xie Ying
Published: December 2019

In this paper, novel data‐driven fault detection and diagnosis approaches are proposed on the basis of a new locally weighted probabilistic kernel partial least squares (LWPKPLS). (a) LWPKPLS can construct an accurate model for a time‐varying process by updating itself using the newly coming samples, thus LWPKPLS can be used to monitor time‐varying processes. (b) By the integration of local weighted regression and kernel tricks, the LWPKPLS can be applied to construct models for processes with much stronger nonlinear data characteristics. (c) Meanwhile, as a probabilistic regression model, LWPKPLS can process data with random noises and missing values. (d) A set of process monitoring approaches including fault detection and fault diagnosis are developed on the basis of LWPKPLS. At last, the experiment results from a numerical example and an ion‐exchange membrane electrolysis process (IEMEP) demonstrate that the proposed process monitoring approaches have satisfactory monitoring performance.
Photoinduced Processes within Noncovalent Complexes Involved in Molecular Recognition
Authors: Abdelmouleh Marwa , Lalande Mathieu , Vizcaino Violaine , Schlathölter Thomas , Poully Jean‐Christophe
Published: December 2019

Investigating the intrinsic properties of molecular complexes is crucial for understanding the influence of noncovalent interactions on fundamental chemical reactions. Moreover, specific molecular recognition between a ligand and its receptor is a highly important biological process, but little is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on ligand–receptor complexes. The processes triggered by VUV photoabsorption on isolated noncovalent complexes between the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin and a mimic of its receptor have been probed by means of mass spectrometry and synchrotron radiation. In the case of protonated species, the glycosidic bond of vancomycin was cleaved with low activation energy, regardless of the molecular environment. In sharp contrast, for deprotonated species, electron photodetachment from carboxylate groups only triggered CO2 loss, whereas the glycosidic bond remained intact. Importantly, the noncovalent complex was also found to survive VUV photoabsorption only when the native structure is conserved in the gas phase.
α‐Imino Gold Carbene Intermediates from Readily Accessible Sulfilimines: Intermolecular Access to Structural Diversity
Authors: Tian Xianhai , Song Lina , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: December 2019

Catalytic approaches to pharmaceutically important bioactive skeletons through gold carbene intermediates have experienced a dramatic development in the last decade. Although various carbene precursors continue to play an important role in heterocyclic syntheses, these reagents are associated with some drawbacks in terms of functional group tolerance, synthetic methods and safety limitations. A new generation of nitrene transfer reagents was established in 2019: the sulfilimines. These are safe, inexpensive and readily available. They can conveniently be stored and handled, and thus represent ideal reagents for the fast and modular modification of scaffolds and the preparation of libraries by intermolecular reactions of two components. Both the practical methods for synthesizing sulfilimines and the versatility of these ylidic species in gold‐catalyzed preparation of structural diversity, for both heterocycles and carbocycles, will be outlined in this Concept article.
Chen's Reagent: A Versatile Reagent for Trifluoromethylation, Difluoromethylenation, and Difluoroalkylation in Organic Synthesis†
Authors: Xie Qiqiang , Hu Jinbo
Published: December 2019

Methyl fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetate (FSO2CF2CO2Me or MFSDA), often called “Chen's reagent”, is commonly used to synthesize trifluoromethylated and difluoroalkylated compounds. This important reagent was initially developed as an efficient trifluoromethylating agent by Professor Qing‐Yun Chen and co‐workers at Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1989. Since then, this reagent has been widely used in academia and industry for the copper‐mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl, alkenyl, and even some alkyl halides, among others. During the last decade, this reagent was further developed as a difluorocarbene precursor as well as a radical difluoroalkylating agent under visible light promoted redox catalysis. This review aims to briefly highlight the initial discovery, historical development, and synthetic applications of Chen's reagent, and provide some guidelines for readers to use Chen's reagent in their own synthesis.