bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI PRODUKSI KLON IRR SERI 200 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA SISTEM SADAP DI PENGUJIAN PLOT PROMOSI
Authors: Woelan Sekar , Junaidi Junaidi , Pasaribu Syarifah Aini
Published: December 2020

Suatu pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi produksi masing-masing klon IRR Seri 200 melalui penerapan beberapa sistem sadap. Disamping untuk mengoptimalkan produksi, hasil pengujian ini juga berguna sebagai salah satu pertimbangan dalam pengelompokan klon nantinya. Pengujian dilaksanakan pada areal pengujian plot promosi di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Deli Serdang – Sumatera Utara mulai tahun 2004 sampai tahun 2011. Lokasi pengujian berada pada ketinggian sekitar 54 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl) dengan jenis tanah ultisol. Material yang digunakan dalam pengujian ini adalah 1% genotipe terbaik dari klon IRR seri 200 (PP/03/96) tahun tanaman 1995. Sejumlah 21 klon IRR seri 200 diuji dan 3 klon pembanding masing-masing BPM 24, PB 217, dan PB 260. Sistem sadap yang diuji cobakan adalah S/2 d2 dan S/2 d3.ET2.5% Ga1 18/y(2w) (Apr – Des) pada tahun 2004 – 2008 dan dilanjutkan dengan sistem sadap ganda S/2 d3+S/4U d3. ET2.5% Ba1(1.5) 18/y(2w) (Apr – Des) pada tahun 2009 – 2011. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sembilan klon IRR seri 200 (IRR 200, IRR 202, IRR 207, IRR 209, IRR 210, IRR 215, IRR 218, IRR 219) yang memiliki pertumbuhan lilit batang lebih jagur dari ketiga klon pembanding sehingga potensial dapat disadap pada umur sekitar 3,5 tahun dengan rata-rata lilit batang sebesar 73,6 cm dan rata-rata laju pertambahan lilit batang sebesar 2,14 cm/tahun. Hasil pengamatan terhadap produktivitas tanaman menunjukkan terdapat delapan klon yang memiliki potensi produksi tinggi pada sistem sadap S/2 d2 dan S/3 d3.ET2.5% Ga1 18/y(2w) (Apr – Des) yaitu IRR 202, IRR 205, IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 213, IRR 214, dan IRR 220. Kedelapan klon tersebut berpotensi sebagai klon unggul baru. Pengelompokkan klon IRR seri 200 berdasarkan tipologi klon menunjukkan bahwa klon IRR 202, IRR 208, IRR 210, dan IRR 220 cenderung sebagai klon quick starter karena memiliki metabolisme tinggi dan kurang responsif terhadap pemberian stimulant sedagkan IRR 213 dan IRR 214 cenderung sebagai klon slow starter karena memiliki metabolisme rendah dan lebih responsif terhadap pemberian stimulant. Disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lanjutan sampai satu siklus tanaman (20 tahun sadap) dan dilengkapi dengan data analisis diagnosis lateks. Diterima : 21 April 2012; Disetujui : 12 Agustus 2012 How to Cite : Woelan, S., Junaidi., & Pasaribu, S. A. (2012). Optimasi produksi klon IRR seri 200 dengan menggunakan beberapa sistem sadap di pengujian plot promosi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(2), 75-85. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/124
Sampul Depan 30 2 2012
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Depan 30 2 2012
Sampul Depan 31 1 2013
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Depan 31 1 2013
AKTIFITAS METABOLISME BEBERAPA KLON KARET PADA BERBAGAI FREKUENSI SADAP DAN STIMULASI
Authors: Herlinawati Eva , Kuswanhadi Kuswanhadi
Published: December 2020

Stimulasi merupakan bagian penting dalam sistem eksploitasi tanaman karet untuk meningkatkan produksi. Munculnya banyak klon menuntut pengetahuan mengenai hubungan antara produksi lateks dengan kondisi fisiologis tanaman untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan stimulan, sehingga sistem eksploitasi yang diterapkan tidak mengalami over atau under eksploitasi. Penelitian bertujuan membandingkan aktivitas metabolisme klon PB 260, RRIM 600, dan PB 217 pada berbagai frekuensi sadap maupun stimulasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sembawa mulai April 2010 sampai Maret 2012 dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan sistem sadap  dan 3 ulangan, menggunakan klon PB 260, RRIM 600, dan PB 217 tahun tanam 2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan klon berproduksi tinggi (quick starter) dengan kandungan sukrosa rendah dan fosfat anorganik tinggi seperti PB 260, hanya membutuhkan pelukaan (wounding) untuk mengaktifkan metabolisme sel lateks, tidak membutuhkan stimulan dengan frekuensi yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan produksi. Stimulasi pada klon berproduksi tinggi hanya berfungsi untuk mengurangi adanya hambatan aliran. Sementara klon RRIM 600 dan PB 217 membutuhkan stimulan untuk mengaktifkan metabolisme sel lateks. Frekuensi stimulasi optimal untuk RRIM 600 dan PB 217 masing-masing adalah 12/y dan 24/y. Diterima : 15 Mei 2013; Disetujui : 13 September 2013How to Cite : Herlinawati, E., & Kuswanhadi. (2013). Aktifitas metabolisme beberapa klon karet pada berbagai frekuensi sadap dan stimulasi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 31(2), 110-116. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/138
EVALUASI PENGOLAHAN DAN MUTU BAHAN OLAH KARET RAKYAT (BOKAR) DI TINGKAT PETANI KARET DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Syarifa Lina Fatayati , Agustina Dwi Shinta , Nancy Cicilia
Published: December 2020

Salah satu upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam rangka meningkatkan daya saing karet nasional adalah dengan mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 38/Permentan/OT.140/8/2008 dan Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No. 53/M-DAG/PER/10/2009  yang diimplementasikan dalam bentuk Gerakan Nasional Bokar Bersih (GNBB), dengan tujuan menghasilkan bokar bersih dan bermutu sesuai dengan standar mutu yang berlaku. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan peraturan-peraturan tersebut terhadap sistem pengolahan dan mutu bokar  di tingkat petani. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan memilih sampel secara purposive, yaitu daerah-daerah yang merupakan sentra karet. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan wawancara dengan petani serta pengamatan visual terhadap mutu bokar yang dihasilkan petani. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Permentan dan Permendag belum dilaksanakan sepenuhnya di tingkat petani. Permasalahan pengolahan dan pemasaran karet yang menyebabkan rendahnya mutu bokar dan pendapatan petani masih banyak terjadi di beberapa wilayah di Sumatera Selatan yang masih memerlukan perhatian serius.  Hal ini terlihat dari jenis pembeku, tingkat kebersihan bokar, dan cara penyimpanan bokar yang sebagian besar tidak memenuhi standar berlaku. Diterima : 16 Oktober 2012; Disetujui : 26 April 2013  How to Cite : Syarifa, L. F., Agustina, D. S., & Nancy, C. (2013). Evaluasi pengolahan dan mutu bahan olah karet rakyat (bokar) di tingkat petani karet di Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 31(2), 139-148. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/141
STUDI KINETIKA VULKANISASI BELERANG PADA KOMPON KARET ALAM TANPA BAHAN PENGISI
Authors: Cifriadi Adi , Falaah Asron Ferdian
Published: December 2020

Ketiga jenis sistem vulkanisasi belerang yaitu vulkanisasi konvensional, semi-efisien, dan  efisien digolongkan berdasarkan perbandingan jumlah belerang dengan bahan pencepat yang digunakan. Beberapa parameter yang berpengaruh dalam vulkanisasi  diantaranya temperatur vulkanisasi, waktu pra vulkanisasi, laju vulkanisasi, dan waktu optimum proses vulkanisasi. Untuk menentukan laju vulkanisasi pada sistem vulkanisasi belerang dapat diukur dengan menggunakan alat rheometer. Data hasil pengujian  rheometer dapat digunakan untuk menghitung konstanta laju reaksi dan energi aktivasi berdasarkan persamaan Arrhenius. Penelitian ini melakukan studi tentang kinetika reaksi vulkanisasi belerang pada kompon karet alam tanpa bahan pengisi untuk ketiga sistem vulkanisasi belerang  pada suhu 145,150, 160, dan 1800C  dengan pengamatan kinetika reaksi  ditentukan pada saat nilai modulus torsi 20, 60, dan 90% proses vulkanisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa energi aktivasi terendah dicapai oleh sistem vulkanisasi efisien pada saat modulus torsi 20, 60, dan 90% berturut-turut sebesar 27,2734 kj/mol,42,2979 kj/mol,dan 53,9900 kj/mol. Diterima : 27 Februari 2013; Disetujui : 18 April 2013 How to Cite : Cifriadi, A., & Falaah, A. F. (2013). Studi kinetika vulkanisasi belerang pada kompon karet alam tanpa bahan pengisi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 31(2), 159-167. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/143
Sampul Belakang 32 1 2014
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Belakang 32 1 2014
KEEFEKTIFAN BEBERAPA FUNGI ANTAGONIS (Trichoderma sp) DALAM BIOFUNGISIDA ENDOHEVEA TERHADAP PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus microporus) DI LAPANGAN
Authors: Fairuzah Zaida , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Karyudi Karyudi , Suryaman Soleh , Widhayati Wiwik E.
Published: December 2020

Penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) yang disebabkan oleh Rigidoporus microporus menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang tinggi di perkebunan karet hingga Rp. 1,8 triliun/tahun. Penyakit ini menyerang semua stadia tanaman karet baik di pembibitan, kebun entres, TBM maupun TM. Saat ini pengendalian jamur akar putih masih menggunakan fungisida kimia berbahan aktif seperti heksakonazol, tridemorf, dan triadimefon. Pengendalian dengan fungisida kimia lebih mahal bila dibandingkan dengan biofungisida, selain itu tidak bersifat ramah lingkungan. Suatu kemajuan ditunjukkan oleh beberapa perkebunan yang telah mengadopsi penggunaan biofungisida. Endohevea merupakan salah satu biofungisida yang dapat mengendalikan JAP. Biofungisida ini terdiri atas beberapa fungi yang tergolong ke dalam genus Trichoderma yang bersifat antagonis terhadap JAP. Keefektifan biofungisida Endohevea diketahui dengan penyiraman biofungisida secara langsung ke pangkal batang tanaman yang terserang dengan skala serangan beragam (skala 1, 2, atau 3) dengan perlakuan banyaknya aplikasi (1 kali aplikasi dan 2 kali aplikasi) dan perlakuan dosis (1 tablet/liter air/tanaman dan 1 tablet/5 liter air/5 tanaman) dan kontrol (tanpa aplikasi). Parameter pengamatan yang diuji adalah persentase kesembuhan. Keefektifan dilakukan setiap bulan setelah aplikasi pertama dengan parameter persentase kesembuhan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa biofungisida Endohevea pada dosis 1 tablet/5 tanaman efektif dalam mengendalikan JAP pada skala lapangan dengan persentase kesembuhan mencapai 79,0% yang signifikan berbeda dibandingkan kontrol. Diterima : 10 Januari 2014; Direvisi : 28 Februari 2014; Disetujui : 20 April 2014  How to Cite : Fairuzah, Z., Dalimunthe, C. I., Karyudi., Suryaman, S., & Widhayati, W. (2014). Keefektifan beberapa fungi antagonis (Trichoderma sp) dalam biofungisida endohevea terhadap penyakit jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) di lapangan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 122-128. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/158
SINTESIS BAHAN OLAH KOMPON KARET SECARA REAKSI VULKANISASI DARI PERPADUAN MINYAK NABATI SEMI PENGERING DAN PENGERING
Authors: Puspitasari Santi , Cifriadi Adi , Nurgilis Eva Lilis , Arif Zulhan
Published: December 2020

Faktis cokelat merupakan salah satu bahan kimia karet terpenting yang berfungsi sebagai bahan bantu olah kompon karet. Mutu faktis cokelat dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan jenis minyak nabati sebagai bahan baku utama, konsentrasi sulfur, dan suhu reaksi. Reaksi vulkanisasi antara minyak nabati dengan sulfur pada pembentukan faktis cokelat umumnya dilakukan pada suhu 140-190oC. Minyak nabati harus memiliki bilangan iod yang tinggi minimal 80-110 g iod/100 g minyak. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari peluang pembuatan faktis cokelat dari kombinasi minyak jarak kastor dengan minyak nabati lain golongan semi pengering (sawit, jarak pagar) dan pengering (kedelai, jagung, kanola) pada rasio minyak sebesar 80 : 20 dengan penambahan 24 bsm sulfur dan 150oC. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa faktis cokelat dapat disintesis dari kombinasi antar minyak nabati tersebut pada kondisi reaksi vulkanisasi yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi diperoleh faktis cokelat dengan tingkatan mutu setara dengan faktis cokelat komersial kelas 3. Kombinasi minyak nabati yang menghasilkan faktis cokelat terbaik diperoleh dari campuran antara minyak jarak kastor dengan minyak sawit. Diterima : 14 April 2014; Direvisi : 20 Mei 2014; Disetujui : 12 Juli 2014 How to Cite : Puspitasari, S., Cifriadi, A., Nurgilis, E. L., & Arif, Z. (2014). Sintesis bahan olah kompon karet secara reaksi vulkanisasi dari perpaduan minyak nabati semi pengering dan pengering. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 189-197. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/164
REDISTILAT ASAP CAIR DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWT DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI KOAGULAN KARET ALAM
Authors: Achmadi Suminar Setiati , Cifriadi Adi , Hidayah Muhana Nurul
Published: December 2020

Jumlah limbah cangkang kelapa sawit yang setiap tahunnya terus bertambah akibat peningkatan produksi minyak sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan asap cair. Kandungan asam dalam asap cair berpotensi sebagai koagulan karet alam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendistilasi ulang asap cair pada suhu 80, 90, and 100ºCdan menguji sifat koagulasi  redistilat dibandingkan dengan asam format sebagai koagulan komersial. Dari proses redistilasi di setiap suhu, 2 tampungan redistilat terkumpul. Tampungan pertama dikumpulkan pada 5 menit pertama dan tampungan kedua dikumpulkan pada 5 menit berikutnya. Sebanyak 5 L redistilat diperoleh dari tiap tampungan. Uji sifat fisik pada lembaran karet menunjukkan bahwa redistilat 100ºC dari tampungan kedua disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai koagulan karet alam karena menghasilkan nilai plastisitas Wallace yang memenuhi standar dan memiliki nilai indeks retensi plastisitas yang memenuhi persyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Redistilat tidak terbukti dapat mencegah proses pengerasan karet selama penyimpanan. Diterima : 28 April 2015; Direvisi : 6 Juli 2015; Disetujui : 3 Agustus 2015  How to Cite : Achmadi, S., Cifriadi, A., & Hidayah, M. N. (2015). Redistilat asap cair dari cangkang kelapa sawt dan aplikasinya sebagai koagulan karet alam. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 183-192. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/183
ANALISIS DAYA HASIL LATEKS DAN HERITABILITAS KARAKTER KUANTITATIF DARI BEBERAPA GENOTIPE KARET PP/07/04
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Wirnas Desta , Woelan Sekar
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakter pertumbuhan, daya hasil lateks dan heritabilitas karakter kuantitatif  beberapa genotipe karet  PP/07/04. Sebanyak lima belas  genotipe karet dan dua klon pembanding PB 260 dan RRIC 100 diuji pada penelitian ini. Pengujian genotipe tersebut dibangun di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet pada tahun 2004, yang terletak di Kabupaten Deli Serdang - Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap dua belas karakter yang diamati yaitu lilit batang, tebal kulit, jumlah cincin pembuluh lateks, diameter sel pembuluh lateks, panjang alur sadap, kecepatan aliran lateks, indeks penyumbatan, kadar fosfat anorganik, kadar sukrosa, kadar thiol, kadar karet kering, dan  daya hasil lateks. Berdasarkan karakter pertumbuhan dan daya hasil lateks menunjukkan bahwa genotipe HP 92/309 memiliki potensi hasil lateks tinggi, sedangkan genotipe HP 92/542 memiliki hasil lateks tinggi dan pertumbuhan jagur. Dua belas karakter yang diamati memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi dengan nilai h2bs antara 0,52 – 0,95. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter-karakter tersebut lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik. Diterima : 5 April 2016 / Direvisi : 30 Juni 2016 / Disetujui : 3 Agustus 2016 How to Cite : Sayurandi, S., Wirnas, D., & Woelan, S. (2016). Analisis daya hasil lateks dan heritabilitas karakter kuantitatif dari beberapa genotipe karet PP/07/04. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 34(1), 1-12. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/226
KARAKTERISASI SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KARET DI HUTAN PRODUKSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Widyasari Titik
Published: December 2020

Indonesia berpeluang menjadi produsen karet terbesar dunia karena masih tersedianya lahan dan tenaga kerja yang mendukung pembangunan kebun karet. Salah satu peluang tersedianya lahan adalah hutan produksi yang dikelola oleh negara.  Dalam perencanaan pembangunan kebun karet sangat penting dilakukan analisis dari sisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sekitar, sehingga keberlangsungan pembangunan kebun karet dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan meminimalisir konflik kepentingan masyarakat dengan lembaga masyarakat sekitar hutan produksi. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah menyajikan informasi mengenai kondisi sosial masyarakat sekitar hutan produksi yang akan dikembangkan menjadi kebun karet. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dan memilih sampel secara purposive yang dilakukan di empat kabupaten yang berbatasan dengan hutan produksi yang dikelola oleh Perusahaan A  yang akan dikembangkan menjadi kebun karet di Provinsi Jawa Barat, yaitu Kabupaten Sumedang, Majalengka, Purwakarta dan Indramayu. Di tingkat desa, pengambilan data menggunakan metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang melibatkan masyarakat sekitar hutan, pengurus Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH), dan perangkat desa. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode diskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada umumnya infrastruktur dan kelembagaan di keempat kabupaten sudah memadai. Adapun land use dan vegetasi di hutan produksi berupa tanaman Jati, Kayu Putih, Mahoni dan Gmelina, tanaman tumpangsari serta ternak sapi dan kerbau. Sejumlah 90%-95% penduduk merupakan penduduk lokal, dengan mata pencaharian 47%-90% di bidang pertanian sebagai petani-buruh tani dan belum memahami teknik budidaya tanaman karet. Jika sebagian hutan produksi diubah menjadi perkebunan karet, pada umumnya memiliki respon setuju namun perlu meninjau ulang konsep Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) yang sudah berjalan. Diterima : 23 Februari 2016 / Direvisi : 1 Juli 2016 / Disetujui : 22 Juli 2016 How to Cite : Widyasari, T. (2016). Karakterisasi sosial ekonomi dan respon masyarakat terhadap pengembangan karet di hutan produksi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 34(1), 89-106. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/234
Sampul Depan 34 1 2016
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Depan 34 1 2016
KONSTRUKSI PETA PAUTAN GENETIK DAN ANALISIS QTL TANAMAN KARET PADA POPULASI HASIL PERSILANGAN ANTARA RRIM 600 DENGAN PN 1546
Authors: Woelan Sekar , Nissa Chairun , Chaidamsari Tetty , Irwansyah Edy
Published: December 2020

Tersedianya peta pautan genetik merupakan salah satu  syarat dalam identifikasi QTL. Konstruksi peta pautan genetik dapat dilakukan pada tanaman turunan pertama dari suatu persilangan untuk tanaman-tanaman yang menyerbuk bebas dengan menggunakan strategi pseudo-testcross. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan posisi QTL komponen produksi karet (lilit batang, tebal kulit, jumlah pembuluh lateks, partikel karet) yang mempunyai pengaruh langsung paling besar dengan produksi karet menggunakan analisis marka tunggal. Peta pautan genetik RAPD tanaman karet (2n=36) dibuat menggunakan data marka dengan strategi pseudo-testcross. Populasi hasil persilangan antara klon RRIM 600 dan plasma nutfah PN 1546 digunakan sebagai materi genetik untuk penelitian pemetaan QTL komponen produksi karet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pada tetua betina (RRIM 600) telah diperoleh tiga kelompok pautan yang dikonstruksi pada LOD 3,0 dan lima kelompok pautan yang dikontruksi  pada LOD 2,0.  Sedangkan pada tetua jantan (PN 1546) telah diperoleh dua kelompok pautan yang dikontruksi pada LOD 2,0. Marka OPH19_650 pada kelompok pautan 2 (KP-2) dan OPB20_1650 pada kelompok pautan 3 (KP-3) diduga terkait dengan sifat produksi karet dan lilit batang. Marka OPC13_2000 pada kelompok pautan 2 (KP-2) dan OPB20_1650 pada kelompok pautan 3 (KP-3) diduga terkait dengan sifat produksi karet dan tebal kulit.  Marka OPC13_2000 dan OPH06_850 pada kelompok pautan 2 (KP-2) diduga terkait dengan sifat produksi karet dan jumlah pembuluh lateks.
IDENTIFIKASI PENYEBAB KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN KARET DI INDONESIA
Authors: Febbiyanti Tri Rapani , Fairuzah Zaida
Published: December 2020

Karet merupakan komoditi yang penting  dan sumber pendapatan petani bagi Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produksi karet di Indonesia karena adanya gangguan  berbagai penyakit.  Akhir-akhir ini, salah satu penyakit karet yang menjadi oubreak di pertanaman karet Indoensia yaitu penyakit gugur daun.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi penyakit gugur daun yang saat ini oubreak di Indonesia, mengisolasi serta mengkarakterisasi  patogen penyebabnya.  Hasil pengamatan dilapangan menujukkan gejala penyakit mengakibatkan pengguguran daun secara terus menerus hingga 75-90%,  kanopi  menjadi tipis dan produksi  turun hingga 25 – 45% (Data Balai Penelitian Sembawa Bulan mei-juni 2018), Pengukuran intensitas penyakit berdasarkan  kategori dari International Rubber Research and Development Board (IRRDB). Penyakit ini menyerang semua klon dan semua stadia tanaman baik di pembibitan, kebun entres, tanaman belum menghasilkan dan tanaman menghasilkan.  Berdasarkan hasil secara morfologi terlihat bahwa patogen ini adalah Pestalotiopsis sp dan diperoleh 2 gejala hasil postulat koch.
INTEGRASI PASAR KARET ALAM INDONESIA DENGAN PASAR DUNIA
Authors: Yunigtyas Citra Vita , Hakim Dedi Budiman , Novianti Tanti
Published: December 2020

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara eksportir karet alam terbesar di dunia. Hal tersebut menyebabkan harga karet alam Indonesia berfluktuasi mengikuti perubahan harga di pasar dunia. Namun terdapat disparitas harga karet alam antara pasar Indonesia dengan pasar dunia. Pasar karet alam Indonesia lambat dalam merespon perubahan harga yang terjadi di pasar dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar karet alam Indonesia dengan pasar dunia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data time series bulanan, yaitu 130 bulan (Januari 2008 - Oktober 2018). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pasar karet alam Indonesia memiliki integrasi dengan pasar dunia baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek.
I-shaped bent closed profiles with tubular shelves and calculation of the optimal layout of their composite sections
Authors: Marutyan Alexander S.
Published: December 2020

I-shaped bent closed profiles with tubular shelves are distinguished by a composite section and related to light steel thin-walled structures (LSTWS), which are characterized by high technical and economic indicators and mass demand in industrial and civil construction, which determines the relevance of the development of their new technical solutions. The aim of the work - to show that the characteristics of LSTWS can be further improved by forming profiles, combining straight and round outlines of closed and open circuits in a composite section. Methods. New technical solution, the originality of which is confirmed by patent examination, has been developed through experimental design and optimization and design calculations of I-shaped profiles. The calculation of the optimal bending layout of the composite sections of I-shaped profiles of horizontal billets from sheet blanks, identical and unequal in thickness, including bisteel modifications, is made. Results. The I-shaped bent closed profiles consists of two tubular shelves and one wall of double thickness. For its manufacture without welded, bolted or riveted joints, the outer pair and inner pair blanks are made along the entire length with serrated longitudinal edges, the teeth of which are staggered relative to each other and mutually bent in grooves after closing a bent profile along its shelves. The bends of the gear mounts increase the collapse thickness, provide an increase in the local stability and shear strength of the thin-walled elements, and also allow not to reduce the design sections. The calculation of the optimal layout of I-shaped profiles horizontal bend for bending showed that its strength is maximum when the ratio of the width and height of 1/5.2 and equal thicknesses of shelves and walls.
Improving the compressive strength of lightweight cylindrical concrete column with basalt fiber reinforced polymer acting under imposed load
Authors: Chiadighikaobi Paschal C.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The brittleness of lightweight concrete has developed concern among structural engineers. This concern led to the search on how to improve the strength of lightweight concrete and still retain the weight lightness. Researches are ongoing to solve the strength challenges noticed in lightweight concrete, but at the moment there are few works on solving the issues regarding expanded clay concrete, thus it served as a motivation for studying this issue. The aim of the work is to analyze the effects of basalt fiber polymers on lightweight expanded clay concrete columns acting under imposed loads. Methods. To achieve this process, a total number of nine expanded clay cylindrical concrete columns were experimentalized and analyzed. 1.6 % of dispersed chopped basalt fiber was used in the concrete mixture which serves as reinforcement. Also, basalt fiber mesh was used in the experimental analysis. Results. The expanded clay cylindrical column without basalt fiber polymer withstood strength up to 19.6 tons at 58 minutes, the column with dispersed chopped basalt fiber withstood strength up to 26.67 tons at 61 minutes while the column with dispersed chopped basalt fiber and basalt mesh confinement got destroyed at 29 tons at 64 minutes. The results show that lightweight expanded clay cylindrical columns confined with basalt fiber mesh withstood higher load compared to the columns with just dispersed chopped basalt fiber and without it.
The Milindapañha in the Context of History of Indian Civilization
Authors: Schumann Andrew N.
Published: December 2020

This paper restores the historical context of Milindapaha . The text is unique, because it is one of the very few documents of Ancient India, in which one of the authors is considered a Greek ( yavana ) as a participant in the dialog. To reconstruct the context of the book, the basic archeological data about the Indo-Greek Kingdom, including epigraphics, are summed up, as well as there are analyzed some references to the kingdom given in the Mahāvaṃsa , the earliest chronicle of Sri Lanka. These mentions in the Mahāvaṃsa are matched with the numismatics of Ceylon. From this analysis it is concluded that the document of Milindapaha was most likely created in Gāndhārī in the interval from the beginning of the 1st century B.C. to the end of the 1st century A.D., i.e. during the period of the domination of the syncretic culture of the North of India, combining Buddhism with certain elements of Hellenism. The treatise of Milindapaha was then preserved in Sri Lanka's tradition by continuing good political contacts with the Roman Empire after 400 A.D., that is, after the collapse of the Kushan and the Western Kshatrapas, the last dynasties that had previously preserved elements of Hellenism in the Indian subcontinent. The philosophical meaning of the treatise is then considered and it is concluded that in the text we can find direct references to the proto-Nyāya with the requirement to verify premises by examples. But the logical teaching of Milindapaha is far more archaic than the teaching of Nyāyasūtra , because only two sources ( pramāṇa ) of true knowledge are implicitly used: paccakkha (obvious) and anumāna (inference), and instead of the two verification methods called udāhārana and upamā , only one verification method called opamma is offered.
Hellenic Theology of Early Classical Period
Authors: Naidysh Vyacheslav M.
Published: December 2020

The author analyzes the transformations of Hellenic theologys content and forms in the epoch of early antique classics (1st half of the 5th century B.C.). The general orientation of such transformations is the generalization of mythological gods meanings into the abstract implications of the Absolute, which is not yet sacral in its full sense and not transcendent. Besides, this period is the end of the decentralization of consciousness. Cognitive limitations to the development of abstract conceptual thinking and the rational component of consciousness are removed. This processs main points transform mythology into artistic and aesthetic creativity (folklore, mythopoetic epic, etc.), religious consciousness, and theology. Rationalism is always critical. Critical rationalism inevitably leads to historicism. Therefore, the formation of a historical attitude strengthens at the sight of the critical approach. The world's mythological image is increasingly being questioned (first in parts, and then in general). Its content is being transferred to the past. Finally, the era of early classicism comes into play. It is a time when theology becomes a field of philosophical and theoretical reflection on myth and an area of its artistic and aesthetic experience. The most influential form of such an understanding of myth was the theater. The ancient theater served as a spiritual and practical form of ancient theology, a subject embodiment of theology in stage action.
Nyadar: Religious and Cultural Resistance of Madurese Salt Farming Community
Authors: Dzulkarnain Iskandar , Soetarto Endriatmo , A Kinseng Rilus , Sjaf Sofyan
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the issues of religious and cultural resistance of Madurese salt farming communities as portrayed in the religious tradition of nyadar ritual. Nyadar is an annual religious tradition carried out by Madurese salt farming communities in Sumenep district, precisely in Pinggir Papas Village, Kalianget District and Gersik Putih Village, Gapura District, to conduct cultural resistance against the hegemony and dominance of the Salt Farming Corporation and Madurese salt farming community elites. The purpose of this study is to reveal changes in the cultural situation of the Madurese salt farming community. This study uses an ethnographic method with a constructivist paradigm with data collection methods using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions (FGD). The result of this research found that nyadar is a form of religious rituals that illustrates the solidarity of the community in fighting against the shackles of poverty and helplessness to fight the hegemony and domination of the economic liberalism capitalism in the globalization of the global salt economy which tends to favor the salt corporation, the owners of salt farm land, the religious figures, and the Madurese elites. The cultural resistance of the salt farming community is portrayed in the rejection of the various policies that will be enforced by the Government, PT. Garam, as well as salt corporates in the religious ritual tradition of nyadar including in determining the time of event, religious tourism destinations, and financial support to celebrate the religious ritual activities of nyadar.
Population, Migration and Climate Change
Authors: Wahyuni Ekawati Sri , Rachmat Sri Hartini , Nurdinawati Dina
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research is to explain how climate change affects and is affected by population growth and migration.  The global analysis will then be followed by a specific study in Indonesia on the relation between population migration and natural disaster events. The research method used a secondary data analysis based on literature review, the 2015 Inter-Census Population Survey (SUPAS) data and 2013 disaster data. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the sustainability of the planet's earth, there are three things that should be done, namely to reduce the pace of population growth, to change the pattern of consumption of natural resources, and to increase Earth's carrying capacity by using technologies and innovations. Migration is mostly caused by economic needs, while migration due to disaster events is very small. Migration data records permanent migration type, while the disaster-affected population usually migrates on the temporary bases. The BPS-Statistics Indonesia and the National Disaster Management Authority should have some agreement on defining disasters, including climate change induced-disasters, and on how to collect and store data on the number of people impacted by each of them.
Decreased Severity and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in younger patients with bone marrow failure: Description of 4 clinical cases.
Authors: Castillo Paul , Boulad Farid , Bhatia Monica , Arnold Staci , Lipton Jeffrey , Wang Winfred , Farrar Jason , Black Vandy , Bennett Carolyn , Shimamura Akiko , Kurre Peter , Vlachos Adrianna
Published: December 2020

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, caused by the severe acute
respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is having
devastating effects on every country around the world. SARS-CoV-2 can be
fatal in patients with described risk factors. A question remains as to
whether other immunosuppressed populations are at risk for severe
complications. There is limited data on the impact of COVID-19 in young
patients with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFs). 29 institutions,
from the NAPAAC consortium, reported 4 with BMFs diagnosed with
SARS-CoV-2. These patients presented with relatively mild clinical
courses, raising questions as to why this apparently low morbidity and
mortality
Pulmonary Vein Capture is a Predictor for Long-Term Success of Stand-Alone Pulmonary Vein Isolation with Cryoballoon Ablation in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Babak Alexey , Kauffman Christine Bienvenue , Lynady Cynthia , McClellan Reginald , Venkatachalam Kalpathi , Kusumoto Fred
Published: December 2020

Background: It is unknown whether cryoballoon technology for persistent
atrial fibrillation (AF) is a reasonable initial strategy for patients
with persistent AF (perAF). Methods: 390 consecutive procedures using
cryoballoon for initial AF ablation were evaluated and divided first by
clinical presentation: paroxysmal AF (PAF) or perAF, and then whether PV
potentials associated PV pacing (PV capture) were identified after
ablation. Patients were followed for recurrent AF (median 20 months).
Results: PV capture was identified in patients with PAF and perAF (PAF:
20.3% vs. perAF: 14.6%; p < 0.05). No patient
charactieristic differences were identified between those patients with
or without PV capture. The presence of PV capture was not associated
with different outcomes in patients with PAF. However, in patients with
perAF, the presence of PV capture was associated with long-term outcomes
similar to patients with PAF and significantly better than patients with
perAF without PV capture (p < 0.001). In patients with perAF
and PV capture, a strategy of reisolation of the PVs only for recurrent
AF resulted in 20/23 (87%) patients in sinus rhythm off antiarrhythmic
medications at study completion. In patients with PV capture, specific
electrophysiologic properties of PV tissue did not have an impact on AF
recurrence. Conclusion: PV capture (and not specific PV
electrophysiologic characteristics) was associated with decreased
recurrent AF in patients with perAF. PV capture may identify those
patients with perAF in whom PV isolation alone is sufficient at initial
ablation procedure and also as the primary ablation strategy for
recurrent AF.
Meta analysis of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale guided by intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Guo Xiaoxuan , Deng Aiyun , Wang Xiaojuan , An Jingjing , Jiang Maoning , Zhang Miaomiao , Yang Mengqi , Liu Jiajia
Published: December 2020

Background.Data on the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous
transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect(ASD) and patent foramen
ovale(PFO) guided by intracardiac ultrasound(ICE) are limited. We
conducted a meta-analysis comparing intracardiac ultrasound with
transesophageal ultrasound(TEE) guided surgery. Mehood.From 1996 to
2020, a systematic search was conducted using multiple databases, and
the results were operation time, fluoroscopy time, success rate,
complications, and occluder size. Results.7 studies were included, with
a total sample size of 971 patients, of which 448 patients were treated
with atrial defect occlusion guided by ICE, and the other 523 patients
were treated with atrial septal occlusion guided by TEE. There was a
statistical difference in the fluoroscopy time and procedure time
between the ICE group and the TEE group, (P<0.01), There was
no significant difference in success rate, complication between ICE and
TEE groups (successrate, P=0.71; complications, P=0.51). Conclusion.
success rate, complications and occluder size were similar between ICE
group and the TEE group. Fluoroscopy time, procedure time were
significantly reduced for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect
guided by intracardiac ultrasound.
Nutrient reabsorption mechanism adapted to low phosphorus in wild and cultivated soybean varieties
Authors: shen wenyue , Guo Rui , zhao yaxuan , liu danping , chen jing , miao ningning , gao shujuan , zhang tao , shi lianxuan
Published: December 2020

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for plants. Wild soybean
(Glycine soja) expresses higher tolerance to P-limited environment
compared to cultivated soybeans (Glycine max). In this study, the
response of ionomics and metabonomics in young and old leaves of two
soybean varieties under low P were studied. Our results showed that the
tolerance of low P in wild soybean can be improved by promoting the
accumulation of Mg2+, Fe3+, and SO42- in young and old leaves and the
transportation of NO3− and H2PO4− from old to young leaves. The young
and old leaves of wild soybean under low P accumulated sugars including
maltose and sucrose, amino acids including asparagine and glutamine, and
nitrogenous compounds including tyramine, and enhanced the tricarboxylic
acid cycle metabolism, especially in young leaves, but decreased the
content of hexose-phosphate metabolites. Our experiment indicated that
wild soybean can tolerate low P by enhancing the energy metabolism in
young and old leaves, promoting the transportation and reuse of sugars
and amino acid metabolites from old to young leaves, and mobilizing Pi
from hexose-phosphate of old leaves to young leaves. Our results provide
a new insight for the cultivation of new soybean varieties with
tolerance to P deficiency.
Synthesis and characterization of hemicellulose-based polymeric gel film from tea leaf brewing waste
Authors: Taşar Şeyda , Özer Ahmet
Published: December 2020

In this study, hemicellulose-based polymeric gel films were synthesized using the free radical polymerization mechanism. Hemicellulose was obtained from tea leaf brewing waste by using delignification process. Polymeric gel films were produced in accordance with solution-casting technique. The effects of synthesis parameters were investigated on the structure and properties of gel films. For this purpose, the hemicellulose-based synthesized gel films were characterized by analytical test. Experimental results indicated that hemicellulose- based gel films absorbed moisture at the rate of maximum 1% in 100% relative humidity environment. The lowest water vapor permeability (WVP) value was measured to be 5.88?10-10 g/(s Pa m), for the hemicellulose-based film including chitosan. The average solubility values of the produced polymeric films varied between approximately 0.4 and 1.8%. It was observed that the optical transparency of hemicellulose-based polymeric gel films changed from about 45 to 65% and the opacity/thickness values were from 0.0027 to 0.0011 ?m-1. As a result, it was found that the physicochemical and morphological properties of the synthesized films are greatly influenced by the composition of the films.
Further results on multiple q-Eulerian integrals for various q-hypergeometric functions
Authors: Ernst Thomas
Published: December 2020

We continue the study of single and multiple q-Eulerian integrals in the
spirit of Exton, Driver, Johnston, Pandey, Saran and Erd?lyi. The method of
proof is often the q-beta integral method with the correct q-power together
with the q-binomial theorem. By the Totov method we can prove summation
theorems as special cases of multiple q-Eulerian integrals. The Srivastava ?
notation for q-hypergeometric functions is used to enable the shortest
possible form of the long formulas. The various q-Eulerian integrals are in
fact meromorphic continuations of the various multiple q-functions, suitable
for numerical computations. In the end of the paper a generalization of the
q-binomial theorem is used to find q-analogues of a multiple integral
formulas for q-Kamp? de F?riet functions.
*-conformal η-Ricci solitons in ϵ-Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Prasad Rajendra
Published: December 2020

We characterize ?-Kenmotsu manifolds admitting *-conformal ?- Ricci solitons.
At last, an example of 7-dimension ?-Kenmotsu manifold is given.
Certain estimates of Turán’s-type for the maximum modulus of the polar derivative of a polynomial
Authors: Milovanovic Gradimir , Mir Abdullah , Ahmad Abrar
Published: December 2020

We establish some lower bound estimates for the maximum modulus of the polar
derivative of a polynomial on the unit disk under the assumption that the
polynomial has all zeros in another disk. The obtained results sharpen as
well as generalize some estimates of Turan?s-type that relate the
uniform-norm of the polar derivative and the polynomial.
Some Somos’s theta function identities of level 6 and application to partitions
Authors: Srivatsa Kumar Belakavadi Radhakrishna , Sharath Gururaj
Published: December 2020

M. Somos discovered around 6200 theta function identities using PARI/GP
scripts without offering the proof. He runs PARI/GP scripts and it works as
a sophisticated programmable calculator. These identities highly resemble
those of Ramanujan?s identities. Here we prove a few theta-function
identities of level 6 discovered by Somos by using modular equations of
degree 3 given by Ramanujan and further we extract some interesting
combinatorial interpretations of colored partitions.
A class of harmonic functions associated with a generalized differential operator
Authors: Verma Sarika , Khurana Deepali , Kumar Raj
Published: December 2020

We introduce a new class of harmonic univalent functions by using a
generalized differential operator and investigate some of its geometric
properties, like, coefficient estimates, extreme points and inclusion
relations. Finally, we show that this class is invariant under
Bernandi-Libera-Livingston integral for harmonic functions.
Coefficients assessment for certain subclasses of bi-univalent functions related with quasi-subordination
Authors: Yalçın Sibel , Atshan Waggas , Hassan Haneen
Published: December 2020

We investigate specific new subclasses of the function class ? of
bi-univalent function defined in the open unit disc, which is connected with
quasi-subordination. We find estimates on the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients
|a2| and |a3| for functions in these subclasses. Already pointed out are
some documented and new implications of those findings.
A Mule for the Patriarchy: Waking Up to the Harm of Prostitution to Wives and Families
Authors:   Athabasca University, Canada, Heinz Andrea
Published: December 2020

I exited from commercial sexual exploitation eight years ago. Here, I share my reflections on how my actions directly impacted other women. I describe how my participation in the sex trade adversely affected the wives and girlfriends of sex buyers. I posit that sex sellers negatively impact these vicarious victims by subscribing to and endorsing “sex work” ideology. I assert that the collective good of all women is diminished by viewing sexual services as a market commodity. I stress that the collective good of all women is enhanced by assuming responsibility and compassion for one another.
THE CEMETERY AND THE CHURCH: THE ART ENVIRONMENT AND SPIRITUALY-FUNCTIONAL SYMBIOSIS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Architecture and Conservation, O. Stasyuk
Published: December 2020

The article is studying the role and place of art in shaping the spiritual and functional space of the cemetery and the church in the conditions of moral and religious chaos. The study is based on the study of historical monuments and newly built church complexes in Galicia. In particular, the dynamics of the coexistence of church and cemetery in large cities, as well as in historic towns and villages are considered.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEATRICAL FUNCTION IN THE NETWORK OF UKRAINIAN CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF GALICIA
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Architectural Environment Design, I. Kopylyak
Published: December 2020

The article dwells upon the main stages of development of the network of Ukrainian cultural and educational buildings in Galicia. The connection of the activity of the Ukrainian theater with the functional and spatial solution for the Ukrainian people`s houses has been explored. The significant influence of the theatrical function on the development of the typology of Ukrainian cultural and educational institutions has been established.
BETWEEN TRADITIONALISM AND AVANT-GARDE: CREATIVE HERITAGE OF ARCHITECTOR SERHIY TYMOSHENKO IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD
Authors:   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Architecture and Environmental Design, O. Mykhaylyshyn , P. Benediuka ,   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Architecture and Environmental Design
Published: December 2020

The architectural activity of Serhiy Tymoshenko during the interwar period is considered in the article. Based on revealed archive sources the typology of buildings, designed by him, is defined, the authorship of separate dwelling houses and religious buildings is ascertained, the peculiarities of the creative approach to their design are analyzed. On the example of specific buildings the evolution of architectural-stylistic and volume-planning solutions in the context of modernistic tendencies in the development of architecture in the interwar period, the author’s notion about the implementation methods of the national idea in architecture, based on the synthesis of traditional and new morphology, is reflected.
Synthesis and Preparation of Hydrophobic CNTs-Coated Melamine Formaldehyde Foam by Green and Simple Method for Efficient Oil/Water Separation
Authors:   The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang, Viet Nam, Phan The-Anh , Dang Kim-Hoang ,   The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang, Viet Nam, Nguyen-Dinh Lam ,   The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang, Viet Nam
Published: December 2020

Hydrophobic porous polymeric materials have attracted great interests recently as potential candicate for oil-water separation due to their high selectivity and sorption capacity. Herein, we present a green, simple and cost-effective method to change hydrophilic melamine formaldehyde (MF) foam to hydrophobic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated MF foam through an immersion process. The MF foam was produced from the MF resin which was synthesized in a laboratory by a condensation reaction between melamine and formaldehyde under alkaline condition with a molar ratio of melamine to formaldehyde of 1:3. The MF foam has an open-cell structure with the average pore diameter of 350 m, density of 25 kg •m-3 and porosity of 98 %. The as-prepared CNTs-coated MF foam exhibits high sorption capacity (23–-66 g/g) for oils and organic solvents, good recyclability and high selectivity.