bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of awareness – preschool teachers’ integration of art and mathematics
Authors: Ahlskog-Björkman Eva , Björklund Camilla
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate how preschool teachers reason about art in thematic work where art and mathematics are integrated. Specific research questions were: how do teachers reason about learning goals in thematic work and what meaning do art and aesthetics contribute to children’s learning? Data for analysis were collected from a digitally distributed questionnaire that was answered by 27 participants from Finland and Sweden. Participants were selected from preschool teacher networks and from municipalities’ official websites of preschool staff. The method for analysis was explorative and inductive, as we condensed meaning from the written answers. A meta-analysis revealed that art and aesthetics appear mainly as a means for children’s learning of other knowledge areas or as experiences bearing their own values. In contrast, the analysis also revealed that integration of art and mathematics may contribute to the learning of both knowledge contents, for deeper and conceptual learning.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare i daghem och förskola resonerar om skapande i temaarbete där skapande och matematik är integrerat. Forskningsfrågorna var: hur resonerar lärare om lärandemål i temaarbete och vilken betydelse bidrar skapande och estetik med för barns lärande? Data samlades in genom ett digitalt frågeformulär som besvarades av 27 deltagare från Finland och Sverige. Deltagarna kontaktades via lärarnätverk och kommuners officiella websidor över personal i förskola och daghem. Analysmetoden var explorativ och induktiv, vilket innebar kondensering av mening uttryckt i de textbaserade svaren. En meta-analys visade att skapande och estetik förekommer främst som medel för barns lärande av andra kunskapsområden eller som upplevelser med egna värden. Som kontrast visade analysen också att integrering av skapande och matematik kan bidra till lärande inom båda kunskapsområdena med fördjupat kunnande och begreppsligt lärande som följd.
Profit Tax Evasion under Wage Bargaining Structure
Authors: Wu T.C. Michael
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with the neutrality of profit taxes levied on firms as well as the implications of tax evasion in economies with right-to-manage wage formation and efficient bargaining, respectively. Contrary to the outcome under competitive labor markets, we show that profit taxes are not neutral and the firm’s tax evasion decision is not separable from its production decision under right-to-manage wage formation, where a trade union and firm bargain over the wage rate (except in the special case of a monopoly union). A similar conclusion follows from an efficient bargaining model, where a trade union and firm bargain over both the wage rate and employment. In addition, wage bargaining plays an important role in determining the optimal profit tax and the enforcement policy.
The expression of legal argumentation: Towards a methodology for narrative studies of ‘discourses of subsumption’
Authors: Björling Erik
Published: May 2016

This article focuses on methods for studying legal argumentation in civil law case law material, more specifically argumentation as part of a discourse of subsumption as it is performed in civil procedure case law. The discourse of subsumption is described as revolving around a logic where legal norms are separated from non-legal norms and then matched with facts that are separated from non-(relevant)facts. The article describes theoretical and methodological possibilities of rewriting the discourse of subsumption into a discourse that approaches law as a normative and continuous process of ‘becoming’ rather than a discourse that revolves around the ‘existence’ of law. The advantage of such a reconstruction is that the focus on the process of ‘becoming’ provides answers to ‘how-questions’ rather than ‘what-questions’. By studying case law material, not as an argumentation based on the representation of law but as an expression of legal argumentation, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding on how subsumption is performed and what kind of normative transformation it entails. The theoretical framework of the paper builds upon the notion of a flat ontology and discourse- and narratology-terminology. Methodological concepts such aslegal enthymemes,narrative dissonanceandoverdetermined subject positionsare presented as concrete tools to understand problematic aspects within the discourses of subsumption, revealing normative aspects of legal argumentation that is not openly legitimated within a discourse that revolves around the ‘existence’ of law.
Fairness in statutory interpretation: Text, purpose or intention?
Authors: Aalto-Heinilä Maija
Published: May 2016

There is a persistent debate in legal theory concerning the correct way of approaching written statutes. The parties can roughly be divided into textualists, who think that the law-applier should stick to the text of the statute, and purposivists (or intentionalists), who either think that the interpreter should take text-external purposes and intentions into account, or that the law-applier necessarily does that whenever she interprets a statute. My aim in this article is not to decide which approach better advances fairness and justice, but to investigate the assumptions about the nature of language and meaning that are presupposed in the debate, and evaluate these assumptions with the help of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Paul Grice. The article ends by overcoming, at the level of meaning, the dichotomy between text and purpose, and by reminding us of the responsibility that this conception of meaning brings about.
Justice and the right to non-functionality
Authors: Ponzio Augusto
Published: May 2016

In the global social situation today, the characteristic shared by living together in social systems is the community, the work community, precisely, as much as it may differ from one system to the next. Legal systems today are profoundly affected by reference to the work community. For example, to be employed is considered as a condition for the “extra-communitarian”, one who does not belong to the community, to be accepted into the community. The “unemployed communitarian” is tolerated insofar as he or she belongs to the community, even if excluded from the right to a life that is not limited to the mere subsistence level. The right to not being functional is the right to being an end in oneself and not a means, the right to otherness understood as absolute otherness and not merely relative otherness. In today’s world, the “communication-production” world, development, efficiency, competitiveness (to the point of accepting the extrema ratio of war) are fundamental values to the extent that the right to non-functional appears to be subversive (non suspect subversion?). The non-functional is the human. This paper focuses on the essential nature of the right to being non-functional. The goal is to work for justice that is also equity (fairness) and for the right to life that is also the right to the quality of life.
Aelius Aristides' Sacred Tales: A Study of the Creation of the “Narrative about Asclepius”
Authors: Tagliabue Aldo
Published: May 2016

Aelius Aristides' Sacred Tales is a complex literary text, and its first book—the diary—puzzles scholars, as it has no parallel in the entire work. This paper offers a justification for this section by arguing for a deliberate contrast between the diary and Books 2–6 of the Sacred Tales, as a result of which the latter section is crafted as a narrative about Asclepius. I will first identify a large series of shifts in the ST: starting with Book 2, change concerns the protagonist, which from Aristides' abdomen turns to Asclepius, the narrator, dream interpretation, genre, and arrangement of the events. Secondly, I discuss the impact of these shifts upon the readers' response: while the diary invites the readers to relive the everyday tension between known past and unknown future, the spatial form of Books 2–6 creates the opposite effect, turning the readers' attention away from the human flow of time towards Asclepius, and leading them to perceive features of his divine time.
THE EFFECT OF COMPANY DIVERSIFICATION TOWARDS EARNING MANAGEMENT MODERATED BY MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Ratih , Yendrawati Reni
Published: May 2016

This study aims to examine the effect of diversification towards earnings management moderated by managerial ownership. The sample in this research is 48 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2009- 2013. Purposive sampling was utilized as a sampling technique in this study. This research used moderating regression analysis to examine the proposed of hypothesis. The result found that diversification has significant positive effect on earnings management. Managerial ownership also has significant positive effect in moderating the relationship between corporate diversification with earnings management. While the three control variables such as company size (size), the company’s growth (growth) and leverage have no significant effect on earnings management.
Intention to Use Smartphone Through Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use
Authors: Ismail Harries Arizonia
Published: May 2016

This research is aimed to test the influence of perceived compatibility perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to use smartphone using five hypotheses. Purposive sampling was used as the technique of sample collection. There are representative samples that are 92 respondents, consists of lecturers, students, and employees from AKI University in Semarang city. The data had been analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and it was processed using AMOS program version 16.0. The result of the hypothesis shows that there is a positive and significant influence on perceived compatibility toward perceived usefulness, perceived compatibility toward perceived ease of use, perceived ease of use toward perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use toward intention to use. However, perceived usefulness toward intention to use is not significant. It can be caused that reason of owning smartphones is only a prestige and the users do not understand benefit of it’s features.

Tujuan penelitian ini menguji pengaruh persepsi kesesuaian, persepsi kemanfaatan, persepsi kemudahan dan minat penggunaan smartphone. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 92 responden yang terdiri dari dosen, mahasiswa dan karyawan universitas AKI di kota Semarang. Data dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dan diolah dengan program AMOS versi 16.0. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan pada persepsi kesesuaian terhadap persepsi kemanfaatan, persepsi kesesuaian terhadap persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, persepsi kemudahan penggunaan terhadap persepsi kemanfaatan dan persepsi kemudahan penggunaan terhadap minat penggunaan. Namun demikian, pengaruh persepsi kemanfaatan terhadap minat penggunaan hasil dinyatakan tidak signifikan. Hal ini dikarenakan responden hanya menggunakan smartphones untuk prestis.

JEL Classification: M3, M31
Profitability Identification of National Banking Through Credit, Capital, Capital Structure, Efficiency, and Risk Level
Authors: Haryanto Sugeng
Published: May 2016

This study aims to analyze the influence of credit, bank capital, capital structure, efficiency and risk toward the profitability in banking industry. Bank has an important role in the economy in Indonesia in 2014. The purposive sampling technique was used in this study to filter the samples according to several criteria such as being public at least in 2008, and publicly released the financial statement from 2008-2013. The total sample of 25 banks. Multiple regression technique was used in this study to analyze the data. The results show that credit, bank capital, and capital structure positively influence the profitability. This result supported by the previous research. The other finding shows that efficiency and risk have significantly negative effect on profitability. Bangking has an 80 percent market share in the financing of intermediation function of the entire financial system.

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh antara kredit, permodalan bank, struktur modal, efisiensi dan risiko terhadap profitabilitas pada industri perbankan. Bank mempunyai peran penting dalam ekonomi Indonesia 2014. Teknik sampling penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling, dengan kriteria bank bank telah go public sebelum tahun 2008, mempublikasikan laporan keuangan tahun 2008-2013. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 bank. Teknik analisis yang digunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kredit, permodalan bank dan struktur modal berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas dengan arah positif. Hasil lainnya adalah variabel efisiensi dan risiko berpengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatif terhadap profitabilitas. Perbankan memiliki market share 80 persen dalam sistem keuangan.

JEL Classification: G3, G32
Mechanisms of uterine estrogen signaling during early pregnancy in mice: an update
Authors: Robertshaw I , Bian F , Das S K
Published: May 2016

Adherence of an embryo to the uterus represents the most critical step of the reproductive process. Implantation is a synchronized event between the blastocyst and the uterine luminal epithelium, leading to structural and functional changes for further embryonic growth and development. The milieu comprising the complex process of implantation is mediated by estrogen through diverse but interdependent signaling pathways. Mouse models have demonstrated the relevance of the expression of estrogen-modulated paracrine factors to uterine receptivity and implantation window. More importantly, some factors seem to serve as molecular links between different estrogen pathways, promoting cell growth, acting as molecular chaperones, or amplifying estrogenic effects. Abnormal expression of these factors can lead to implantation failure and infertility. This review provides an overview of several well-characterized signaling pathways that elucidates the molecular cross talk involved in the uterus during early pregnancy.
Деструкція органічних речовин і продукція біогазу мікроорганізмами, виділеними із природних субстратів
Authors: Vygrayenko T. E. , Sokolova I. E.
Published: May 2016

Gas-producing bacteria were isolated from natural media: soil and compost extracts. The properties of the obtained microorganisms cultures as destructors of organic substances were studied. Studied bacteria werecultivated in experimental semi-synthetic media with saw dust and carboxymethyl cellulose. A growth at different pH values, a dynamics of growth, an amount of utilizated sugar, a volume of released gas during cultivation were studied. Most intensive growth of gas-producing cultures has been observed in a medium with CMC and the ability to gas producing was more manifested in the bacterial culture isolaited from the compost.
Вплив складу живильного середовища на розвиток та проростання незрілих зародків кукурудзи в культурі in vitrо
Authors: Derkach K. V. , Krupska G. S. , Abraimova O. E. , Satarova T. M.
Published: May 2016

The effect of mineral components of nutrient medium and abscisic acid (ABA) on isolated immature maize embryos is investigated with the aim to intensify their growth and to inhibit their early germination. Abscisic acid together with MS medium leads to the stasis of the development of both seedlings and embryos. The application of ABA along withN6 minerals inhibited the development of seedling’s organs in favour of embryos growth. For production of seedlings from immature embryos of 1 mm long their cultivation on modified N6 medium with addition of 12 mg/Lof abscisic acid is recommended.
Накопичення основних дозотвірних радіонуклідів в організмі лося, що мешкає на території радіоактивного забруднення
Authors: Gulakov A. V.
Published: May 2016

The data of long-term study of the 137Cs content in the elks inhabited the radioactive contaminated areas are presented. Essential fluctuations of the 137Cs level in the bodies are noted. It is shown that the bioaccumulation of the radionuclide in a muscular tissue deрends on its content in the animals’ food. The obtained results have the important practical value for hunting in radioactive polluted territories.
The influence of oxidative stress on the state of the antioxidant defense system in the organism of rats
Authors: Martyshuk T. V.
Published: May 2016

This article presents the results of research on the influence of oxidative stress on the intensity of the process of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the glutathione system of antioxidant defense in the organisms of rats. Intramuscular injection of 50% solution of tetrachloromethane at a dose of 0.25 ml per100 gof body weight to rats from the experimental group causes activation of the process of free radical lipid oxidation with excessive accumulation of intermediate anf final products of lipid peroxidation. The research results indicate that the development of oxidative stress leads to significant and probable acceleration of the formation and accumulation in the plasma of the rats, in all stages of the experiment, of lipid hydroperoxides and malonic dialdehyde. The highest level of hydroperoxides of lipids in the blood plasma of rats under oxidative stress was on the second day of the experiment, where it was 843 unE/ml, whereas in the control this index was 0.245 unE/ml. During the research into the content of malondialdehyde it was found that in the experimental group of animals it was 2.03 times higher than in the control group on the 5th day. On the 10th and 14th days of the experiment we observed a slight reduction in the levels of lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde. The development of oxidative stress also leads to inhibition of the glutathione system of antioxidant defense in the rats’ organism. This shows the low activity of glutathione peroxidase and the low level of restored glutathione in the blood of the rats from the experimental group. On the 5th day of experiment the activity of glutathione peroxidase and restored glutathione level in the blood of the rats which were injected with carbon tetrachloride was at its lowest, compared with the control these indices decreased respectively by 53% and 51%. On the 10th and 14th days of the experiment the activity of glutathione peroxidase and restored glutathione level in the blood of the rats from the experimental group were slightly increased, but compared to the control they were still significantly lower. Significant disturbances were found in the oxidation-antioxidant balance of the animals under oxidative stress, which is characterized by the activation of the processes of free radical lipid oxidation with excessive accumulation of intermediate and final products and the inhibition of the antioxidant defense system.
Influence of moderate physical load on parameters of the immune system among residents of contaminated areas
Authors: Sokolenko V. L. , Sokolenko S. V.
Published: May 2016

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of physical stress caused by physical activity on parameters of immune system among the residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides. In the 2000–2015 we examined 125 students ofCherkasyStateUniversity, including the control group of people from uncontaminated areas, persons working in a basic physical training group and those with symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, who worked in a therapeutic physical training group. Immune system parameters were analyzed: a day before physical training, immediately after the training and two days after the training to assess the recovery period. Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by immunophenotyping and dyeing on Romanowsky-Giemsa. The level of immunoglobulins in blood serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion on Mancini. The level of cortisol in blood serum was determined by the immunoenzyme method. Here we established that even in the absence of physical activity, some immunosuppression of T-cell immunity was observed in residents of contaminated areas. Working in the basic physical training group resulted in a significant decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes and increasing in the relative number of band neutrophils, which is a typical feature of the early stages of stress response. A statistically significant reduction in relative and absolute number of cells with phenotypes CD3+, CD5+, CD4+ and immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+ was observed. There were no significant changes of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with phenotype CD8+ and natural killer cells with phenotype CD16+. Increase of the relative number of B cells, that express CD72 antigen, and growth trend in serum IgM were registered. All parameters analyzed were within the physiological homeostatic norm, however, some reached extreme recommended levels. Recovery period lasted 2 days. Individuals working in therapeutic physical training group did not show statistically significant changes in immune system parameters. Thus, therapeutic exercises don't reach the stress level and can be potentially safe for the natural resistance of the body. So, among residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident, moderate load during physical training lessons causes short-term compensatory changes of cellular immunity within the homeostatic norm with effective and rapid recovery. Taking into account the immunosuppression, caused by chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, it is important to choose exercises, their duration and intensity carefully , giving preference to therapeutic exercises.
Un gigante olvidado. Un llamado a la conservación del caracol nativo, Megalobulimus oblongus (Mollusca, Strophocheilidae), en Colombia.
Authors: Páez Adriana Paola , Calderón Andrea Carolina , Pineda Ivan Andres , Velásquez Luz Helena , Ruiz Julian
Published: May 2016

El caracol nativo Megalobulimus oblongus, también conocido como guácara, caracol criollo o caracol de boca rosada es una especie de caracol terrestre suramericana, que se encuentra en Colombia, Bolivia, Brasil y Venezuela; alcanza cerca de 100mm de alto y 60 mm de ancho, con una apertura de borde grueso y rosado, posee 4 tentáculos en la cabeza y dos grandes barbelos alrededor de la región oral, es de hábitos nocturnos, detritívora y puede vivir hasta 14 años. Desde el punto de vista alimentario, tiene importantes características que lo posicionan como una fuente de gran calidad nutricional que  podría  ser un buen suplemento alimentario para las personas y los animales; contando adicionalmente con gran potencial para la industria cosmética y artesanal. Sin embargo, hoy en día su existencia está amenazada por la destrucción de su hábitat, la extracción de especímenes de las poblaciones naturales, para el comercio ilegal y su similitud en tamaño con el caracol gigante africano. El objetivo del presente ensayo es hacer un llamado a la comunidad científica nacional para desarrollar estrategias de conservación y de aprovechamiento sostenible del caracol nativo a través del estudio profundo de su potencial nutricional, cosmético y artesanal.
PENERAPAN METODE GEOFISIKA UNTUK PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN LONGSOR DAS BRANTAS KECAMATAN SUKUN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Pranata Kurriawan Budi , Jufriadi Akhmad , Ayu Hena Dian , Wahyuningsih Dwi
Published: May 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi tahanan jenis dan bidang gelincir pada pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Brantas Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang. Lokasi penelitian merupakan daerah dengan tebing yang  curam berkisar 70o hingga 90o. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik resistivitas dengan konfigurasi Wenner. Hasil pengolahan data geolistrik resistivitas menunjukkan bahwa material lempung pasiran dengan tahanan jenis 23,4 Ohm-meter, material lempung kedap air dengan tahanan jenis 30,9–57,3 Ohm-meter diduga sebagai bidang gelincir (slip-surface). Hal tersebut disebabkan resapan air hujan yang mencapai lapisan lempung kedap air akan mengalami kontak dengan lapisan lempung, air mengalir diatas lapisan lempung dan menyebabkan hancurnya lapisan lempung sehingga menjadi licin yang kemudian menjadi bidang gelincir. Berdasarkan interpretasi hasil pengolahan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa daerah penelitian memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk terjadi longsor
U Jóok’ol T’aan, “La salida del habla”
Authors: Chi Canul Hilario
Published: May 2016

En este escrito pretendo desarrollar la concepción, la metodología, epistemología, la didáctica y la pedagogía que está detras de U jóok’ol t’aan, “La salida del habla”, desde y con las voces de algunas madres mayas, obtenidas mediante una investigación etnográfica que forma parte de mi investigación de tesis “La vitalidad del Maaya T’aan. Estudio etnográfico de la comunicación intergeneracional de los mayas de Naranjal Poniente”. Por otro lado, también examino la enseñanza escolarizada de la lengua maya, específicamente el currículo estatal que se emplea para la enseñanza de la lengua maya, y la contrapongo con la adquisición de la misma lengua en las familias para generar caminos hacia una posible interculturalización de la enseñanza de las lenguas indígenas.
Acerca de la Carátula del Libro la Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia 1961-2011
Authors: Berríos Reiterer Jorge
Published: May 2016

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Identification of Differentially Expressed Protein from Electrical Stunning of Broiler Chickens Meat Protein
Authors: Hermanto Sandra , Sholaikah Maya Ina , Mulyani Sri Suci
Published: May 2016

Identification of differentially expressed protein from the muscle tissue of broiler chicken meat with different conditions of pre-slaughter has been done. Each sample (6 broilers aged 21 days, 1 kg of weight ) was prepared through the process of pre-slaughter with 3 conditions, the first sample slaughtered in a conventional way which untreated electrical stunning, while the second and third sample of the chicken was prepared by using electrical stunning with 1 A and 25 Volts for 5 seconds and 1 A, 125 Volts for 30 seconds. Two biological replicate were done for each of samples. Muscle tissue protein extracted in Tris HCl pH 8.0 and the proteins separation by using SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). Identification of differentially expressed protein performed by densitometry to identify the profile of the resulting proteins. The results of this study showed that the protein bands constructed in the range of 8.5-140 kDa and 9 dominant protein bands with different relative intensities. Densitogram analysis results showed there are two specific protein bands appear on the results of the electrical stunning which more extensive over expression. This indicates the electrical stunning of slaughter process may triggered the expression levels of certain proteins that do not occur in the nonelectrical stunning.
Improving the Prediction of Protein Structural Class for Low-Similarity Sequences by Incorporating Evolutionaryand Structural Information
Authors: Kong Liang ,   School of Mathematics and Information Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Kong Lingfu , Jing Rong ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University
Published: May 2016

Protein structural class prediction is beneficial to study protein function, regulation and interactions. However, protein structural class prediction for low-similarity sequences (i.e., below 40% in pairwise sequence similarity) remains a challenging problem at present. In this study, a novel computational method is proposed to accurately predict protein structural class for low-similarity sequences. This method is based on support vector machine in conjunction with integrated features from evolutionary information generated with position specific iterative basic local alignment search tool (PSI-BLAST) and predicted secondary structure. Various prediction accuracies evaluated by the jackknife tests are reported on two widely-used low-similarity benchmark datasets (25PDB and 1189), reaching overall accuracies 89.3% and 87.9%, which are significantly higher than those achieved by state-of-the-art in protein structural class prediction. The experimental results suggest that our method could serve as an effective alternative to existing methods in protein structural classification, especially for low-similarity sequences.
Control of a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion Systemvia a Third-Harmonic Injection Indirect Matrix Converter
Authors: Li Dan-Yun ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Shen Qun-Tai , Liu Zhen-Tao , Wang Hui ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences
Published: May 2016

A stand-alone doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind power generation system using a third-harmonic injection indirect matrix converter (THIIMC) is proposed. The THIIMC has the same performance of a back-to-back pulse width modulation converter, but does not require the bulky direct current (dc)-link capacitor. Because of both its compact construction and high reliability, it is very suitable for embedding into DFIG-based wind generators. It also overcomes the drawbacks of indirect matrix converters and improves the reactive power output capability. The THIIMC consists of a rectifier-side converter, an inverter-side converter (ISC), and an active third-harmonic current injection circuit. A direct stator voltage vector control scheme for the ISC provides the desired stator voltage to the loads. The control scheme is designed to compensate the reactive power of the loads based on the THIIMC working principle. Maximum power point tracking control is performed by a battery energy storage system, which is placed in the dc-link of the THIIMC to smooth out the power fluctuations caused by load or wind speed variations. Simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed topology and control scheme.
Utilizing Google Images for Training Classifiers in CRF-Based Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Rangkuti Rizki Perdana ,   Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia, Dewanto Vektor , Aprinaldi  , Jatmiko Wisnu ,   Department of Computer Science, Bogor Agricultural University
Published: May 2016

One promising approach to pixel-wise semantic segmentation is based on conditional random fields (CRFs). CRF-based semantic segmentation requires ground-truth annotations to supervisedly train the classifier that generates unary potentials. However, the number of (public) annotation data for training is limitedly small. We observe that the Internet can provide relevant images for any given keywords. Our idea is to convert keyword-related images to pixel-wise annotated images, then use them as training data. In particular, we rely on saliency filters to identify the salient object (foreground) of a retrieved image, which mostly agrees with the given keyword. We utilize saliency information for back-and-foreground CRF-based semantic segmentation to further obtain pixel-wise ground-truth annotations. Experiment results show that training data from Google images improves both the learning performance and the accuracy of semantic segmentation. This suggests that our proposed method is promising for harvesting substantial training data from the Internet for training the classifier in CRF-based semantic segmentation.
MEP Analysis of Hand Motor Imagery with Bimanual Coordination Under Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Wang Kun ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Wang Zhongpeng , Zhou Peng , Qi Hongzhi , He Feng , Liu Shuang , Ming Dong ,   s
Published: May 2016

Stroke is one of the leading causes worldwide of motor disability in adults. Motor imagery is a rehabilitation technique for potentially treating the results of stroke. Based on bimanual movement coordination, we designed hand motor imagery experiments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the left motor cortex to produce motorevoked potentials (MEP) in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) of the right hand. Ten subjects were required to perform three different motor imagery tasks involving the twisting of a bottle cap. The results showed that contralateral hand imagery evoked the largest MEP, meaning that the brain's motor area was activated the most. This work may prove to be significant as a reference in designing motor imagery therapy protocols for stroke patients.
SAGD Relative Permeability as a Function of Temperature
Authors: Zeidani M. , Maini B. B.
Published: May 2016

Relative permeability plays a significant role in predicting oil rate and estimating the ultimate oil recovery factor. Although it is known that the relative permeability can change with temperature, the same set of relative permeability is often used to predict the reservoir performance regardless of the temperature range involved in the process. This can lead to significant errors when the relative permeability changes appreciably with temperature.

Athabasca reservoir oil and sand were used to obtain the experimental data using the unsteady state method for relative permeability measurements. First the SAGD residual oil saturations were measured at 180, 200, and 220 °C. Then the oil displacement data collected during hot water and steam injection experiments were utilized to construct the relative permeability curves at different operating temperatures. Finally, a series of reservoir simulations were performed to history match the lab experiments and examine the accuracy of inferred relative permeability curves.

The objective of this study is to develop a series of realistic relative permeability curves that are representative of various downhole operating conditions that are encountered in Western Canadian oil-sand operations. The experimental results indicate that oil residual saturation decreases as temperature is increased. A noticeable change in oil residual saturation was also observed when phase change occurred from liquid water to steam phase at a given temperature. Finally, 3 sets of relative permeability curves were developed covering a wide range of SAGD operating conditions.
SAGD Operation in Interbedded Sands with Application of Horizontal Multistage Fracturing: Geomechanics and Fracturing Aspects
Authors: Saeedi Majid , Settari A. (Tony)
Published: May 2016

Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a widely used thermal recovery method. During steam injection in interbedded sands, the portion of the deposits above the vertical permeability barriers is likely not recoverable with current practices. This paper discusses some of the geomechanics and fracturing aspects of using multistage fracturing in SAGD operations in interbedded sands such as IHS, where the vertical permeability barriers impede the gravity drainage process.

The first part of this work (to be presented in a separate manuscript) covered the reservoir engineering aspects of this method, where it was assumed that it is possible to successfully create vertical fractures in the oil sands and through shale layers. In this paper, the geomechanical challenges in implementing the method and after the start of operation are discussed, starting with a review of relevant hydraulic fracturing field trials in the oil sands. Some interface crossing criteria are reviewed and the extended Renshaw and Pollard criterion is used to study fracture propagation through sand-shale interfaces. These results are then compared to results of a numerical simulation using a coupled reservoir-geomechanics-fracturing simulation software. It is shown that tensile hydraulic fractures can be created in the oil sands, and fractures can cross sand-shale interfaces and be filled with desired concentration of proppant. It is shown that small but high conductivity fractures that are required for the success of the proposed method, can be generated by using currently available proppants and fluid systems. After start of the steam injection, the conductivity of the fracture might be reduced by various mechanisms such as proppant embedment. It is shown that the reduction due to embedment would not be significant at high range of proppant concentrations and also due to the low stress regime in the Alberta oil sands. Furthermore, the design considerations for various liner systems that can combine the fracturing process and the SAGD phase are discussed and a few new designs are proposed. Finally, a step by step roadmap for field implementation of this method is presented.

The novelty and main contribution of this paper is the analysis and design considerations of the application of multistage fracturing in SAGD process in the field. Our results indicate that the field execution is feasible, and a field trial of the technique is justified.
Reducing Supply Cost With Eseieh™ Pronounced Easy
Authors: Wise Spence , Patterson Chris
Published: May 2016

With the prospect of sustained low oil prices, several planned SAGD projects have been postponed because their supply cost exceeds oil price forecasts. A consortium of Harris Corporation, Nexen Energy ULC, Suncor Energy, Inc., Devon Canada Corporation, and Alberta's Climate Change and Emissions Management Corporation (CCEMC) are developing Effective Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating (ESEIEH™). The ESEIEH process integrates electromagnetic heating with solvents to reduce energy consumption and to eliminate the need for added water (steam) when compared to SAGD. Further to the operational benefits are the reduction of surface facilities and the option to economically export undiluted bitumen without the added cost of diluent recovery units. This paper summarizes an initial case study aimed at forecasting the supply cost of a notional 10,000 barrel per day (bpd) ESEIEH demonstration project in Alberta's oil sands.

Utilizing Harris' Coupled Electromagnetic Reservoir Simulator (CEMRS), the ESEIEH process is first simulated as a single well pair. Applying a field scheduling tool, the resulting reservoir run is then duplicated in time until sufficient wells are in place to establish a sustained field level oil production rate of 10,000 bpd. Various scenarios will be assessed and their corresponding capital requirements estimated; these scenarios include a green field with dilbit export, a green field with undiluted rail export, and an ESEIEH pad added adjacent to an existing SAGD cogeneration facility with available low water cut produced fluids handling capacity. For each of these scenarios a cash flow analysis is performed, supply cost estimated, and basic sensitives performed.

The technology, which began development in 2010 and recently commenced the second technical demonstration phase in July 2015 is expected to be economically viable in a sustained sub-$60 WTI (USD) oil price environment.
An Experimental Study of Multiphase Behavior for n-Butane/Bitumen/Water Mixtures
Authors: Gao Jianyi , Okuno Ryosuke , Li Huazhou Andy
Published: May 2016

Steam-solvent coinjection has been studied and pilot-tested as a potential method to improve steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) for bitumen recovery. Reliable design of coinjection requires reliable PVT data for bitumen/solvent/water mixtures, which are scarce and fragmentary in the literature.

The main objective of this research was to present a new set of PVT and multiphase data for n-butane/Athabasca-bitumen/water mixtures at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures up to 160°C. Experiments were conducted by use of a conventional PVT apparatus. The data presented include multiphase equilibria up to four coexisting phases and liquid densities for 100% bitumen, two mixtures of n-butane/bitumen, and one mixture of n-butane/bitumen/water. A single equation-of-state model was developed to correlate all experimental data obtained, and used to interpret complex multiphase behavior observed for the highly size-asymmetric polar mixtures.

Liquid-liquid separation of hydrocarbons was experimentally observed at the n-butane concentration of 97 mol% in the n-butane/bitumen system with/without water, for a wide range of temperatures at operating pressures for expanding-solvent-SAGD (ES-SAGD). This may indicate the limited solubility of n-butane in bitumen even when a high level of accumulation of n-butane takes place near a chamber edge in ES-SAGD for Athabasca bitumen. The multiphase transition that involves appearance/disappearance of the vapor phase was observed to occur near the vapor pressure of n-butane or its extension. Such phase transition occurs at a higher pressure in the presence of water, due to its vapor pressure, than in the absence of water at a given temperature. This is the first time four coexisting phases are reported for n-butane/Athabasca-bitumen/water mixtures at temperature-pressure conditions relevant to ES-SAGD.
Results of a Polymer Flooding Pilot in the Tambaredjo Heavy Oil Field, Suriname
Authors: Delamaide E. , Soe Let K. Moe , Bhoendie K. , Jong-A-Pin S. , Paidin W. R.
Published: May 2016

A polymer flood pilot has been ongoing since September 2008 in Suriname in the heavy oil Tambaredjo field operated by Staatsolie. Initially, the pilot consisted of one injection well and four producers and was later expanded to three injection wells and nine direct offset production wells (all vertical).

The Tambaredjo oil field is the largest oil field in Suriname and has been producing since 1982. The field contains approximately 525 MMSTB STOOIP of 16° API oil with an initial viscosity of 300 - 600 cP at reservoir conditions. Primary recovery (± 30% OOIP) is relatively high given the oil viscosity; this is believed to be due to a combination of compaction drive, edge water drive in the northern part of the field and limited bottom water influx in other areas, and perhaps foamy oil behavior. In spite of this high primary recovery, large quantities of oil remain in the reservoir, making it an attractive target for EOR.

Due to the relatively thin pay, thermal methods have not been considered for the reservoir but on the other hand polymer flood was judged suitable. The oil viscosity is high but still lower than in other successful projects for instance in Canada while other reservoir characteristics are also suitable: low reservoir temperature and low water salinity allow the use of standard HPAM polymer, and high permeability is beneficial for injectivity. Moreover, the reservoir is highly heterogeneous, which has presented some challenges to the process.

Initially, a polymer viscosity of 45 cP was injected which was later increased, first to 85 cP and then to 125 cP in order to improve the sweep efficiency. The overall response to polymer injection has been positive even if some wells have not responded positively to the injection, and incremental recovery (over primary) to date is estimated at on average 11% STOOIP. Due to the unconfined nature of the pattern some wells adjacent to the pilot have also shown response to injection.

Given the success of the project, work is currently under way for an expansion of the polymer flood to encompass 33 additional injection wells.

The paper presents the results of the pilot and describes the operations and challenges encountered during the project, in particular during the injection of the higher viscosity polymer. The combination of high reservoir heterogeneity, use of hydraulically fractured vertical wells and high polymer viscosity injected contribute to make this pilot an interesting field case.
Constructing High-Rate QC-LDPC Codes with Large-Girth based on Shortened Array Codes
Authors: Chen Xu , Lau Francis C. M.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we aim at constructing high-rate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with girth-10 based on shortened array codes. Our first contribution is the derivation of analytic results on the maximum number of columns for shortened array codes of different girths. Then, inspired by the analysis, we propose a code construction method for column-weight-three codes. We further compare the minimum length and the error performance of the column-weight-three codes constructed by the proposed algorithm and those found by the conventional greedy construction algorithm. We show that the proposed method is more effective than the conventional greedy algorithm in the sense that the minimum length of the codes constructed using the proposed method to achieve different code rates is comparative or much shorter than those constructed using the greedy construction.
An Improved Iterative Nonlinear Least Square Approximation Method for the Design of SISO Wideband Mobile Radio Channel Simulators
Authors: Fayziyev Akmal , Pätzold Matthias
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we present an improved version of the iterative nonlinear least square approximation (INLSA) method for designing measurement-based single-input single-output (SISO) wideband channel simulators. The proposed method aims to fit the time-frequency correlation function (TFCF) of the simulation model to that of a measured channel. The parameters of the simulation model are determined iteratively by minimizing the Frobenius norm, which serves as a measure for the fitting error. In contrast to the original INLSA method, the proposed approach provides a unique optimized set of model parameters, which guarantees a quasi-perfect fitting with respect to the TFCF. We analyze the performance of the proposed method in terms of the goodness of fit to the measured data. The investigations will be carried out with respect to the TFCF and the scattering function. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is a powerful tool for the design of measurement-based wideband channel simulators, which are important for the performance evaluation of mobile communication systems under real-world propagation conditions.
On the Performance of Cognitive Underlay SIMO Networks over Equally Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels
Authors: Thanh Tu Lam , Bao Vo Nguyen Quoc , Ngoc Pham Thi Dan , Duy Tran Trung
Published: May 2016

The performance of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) cognitive spectrum sharing networks with the presence of equally correlated Rayleigh fading channels is investigated. In particular, based on the truncated infinitive series of cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), close-form expressions are provided for the system outage performance, bit error rate and ergodic capacity. It is shown that the system performance merely depends on the correlation coefficient between antennas. Monte-Carlo simulations are also contributed to confirm the accuracy of our analysis.