bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Модернізація Світової організації торгівлі під впливом глобальних викликів
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Веремій І. , Гавриленко Н. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Ус І. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Широкий Г. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень
Published: September 2022

До середини 1960-х років міжнародна торговельна система ґрунтувалася на величезній кількості двосторонніх домовленостей у галузі торгівлі товарами. Епоха білетаралізму практично закінчилася в 1967–68 рр. Країни змістили пріоритети від двостороннього регулювання торговельних та інших економічних відносин на користь універсальної міжнародної системи. Поглиблення міжнародної співпраці та власне процес глобалізації, що інтенсифікувався у 1970-х роках, зумовив перехід від двостороннього до багатостороннього регулювання. У 1995 р. було створено Світову організацію торгівлі, завдання якої полягало в розробленні загальносвітових правил торгівлі. Доха-раунд СОТ, що розпочався в листопаді 2001 р., і досі триває – насамперед через проблеми з узгодженням позицій учасників щодо правил регулювання значної кількості сфер економічної діяльності. Відповідні проблеми й привели до ідеї трансформувати СОТ. Практичним результатом тривалих дискусій учасників організації стали пропозиції від деяких держав-членів стосовно контурів оновленої СОТ. Робота з трансформації дещо сповільнилася через пандемію коронавірусу на початку 2020 р. Ще одним викликом для майбутнього СОТ стала реакція організації на повномасштабну навалу Російської Федерації проти України в лютому 2022 р. Вплив цих викликів на торгівлю між країнами ще більше активізував потребу трансформувати СОТ, перезавантажити цю організацію. Україна як активний учасник міжнародної торгівлі має посилити діяльність у межах багатосторонніх процесів реформування СОТ.
Sobre el Paradigma de la Moneda Dominante
Authors: González Orellana Mauricio
Published: September 2022

La controversia entre tipos de cambio fijos y flexibles no termina. Uno de los desarrollos más recientes en finanzas internacionales es el del Paradigma de la Moneda Dominante, PMD, y es probable que algunos partidarios de los tipos fijos vean en este otro argumento a su favor. El PMD se refiere a la enorme proporción que ocupa el US dólar como moneda de facturación en el volumenmundial de operaciones comerciales y financieras -aun entre economías diferentes de la de EE. UU.-, y una de sus principalesimplicaciones de política consiste en un fuerte cuestionamiento a la efectividad que suele asociarse a las depreciaciones cambiariaspara resolver no solo los desequilibrios de la balanza de pagos, sino también para impulsar el desarrollo exportador que muchos países como El Salvador requieren para salir del estancamiento y experimentar un crecimiento económico sostenido.
El mito en la obra de Platón.
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo
Published: September 2022

Aunque la presencia del mito es constante y sostenida a lo largo de la obra platónica, no puede decirse que sea parte fundamental del argumento o de los argumentos contenidos en los diálogos, aunque sí lo es del método que utiliza  para exponer su filosofía, El autor piensa que los mitos son más bien instrumentos de persuasión, recursos didácticos, dialécticos y a la vez, literarios, a los cuales recurre para desarrollar,  ampliar, aclarar y en algunos casos incluso, fundamentar su filosofía, particularmente su teoría política y su teoría ética.
Hacia una propuesta de educación alternativa.
Authors: Méndez Mario
Published: September 2022

En este trabajo, el autor ofrece algunas pistas para repensar la educación desde una perspectiva intercultural. Para que una educación sea alternativa, es decir, capaz de ayudar a revertir la forma excluyente en que ha sido configurada nuestra sociedad, debe ser consiente de su contextualidad. hacer del diálogo una mediación privilegiada, ponerse al servicio de la vida y estar orientada a superar la violencia epistemológica que ha caracterizado por siglos a la mayor parte de los ambientes educativos
Posmodernidad y Religión. Nueva Era.
Authors: García Eduardo N.
Published: September 2022

El autor ofrece una panorámica sobre el fenómeno neoreligioso de mayores connotaciones durante el período histórico conocido como postmodernidad, es decir, el movimiento New Age, o Nueva Era. Explica brevemente sus orígenes, presenta algunos de los elementos que ayudan a hacerlo reconocible, argumenta sobre los motivos que lo han hecho tan popular entre creyentes cristianos, no cristianos y aun entre no creyentes, y en fin, ofrece algunos lineamientos sucintos sobre los motivos de conflicto entre esta visión del universo cultural-religioso y aquélla contenida en el pensamiento humanista cristiano y en la fe eclesial.
Religión, desarrollo y cooperación. Un ensayo teórico y metodológico
Authors: Möller Alois
Published: September 2022

En este trabajo se describe a grandes rasgos un modelo de transición que pretende explicar los cambios históricos en las relaciones entre fenómenos materiales (economía, sociedad, instituciones) y subjetivos (cultura, religión, espiritualidades). Asimismo, se distinguen tres definiciones de "desarrollo" o de modelos de evolución o cambio, presentándolos como base para estudios empíricos de relaciones entre religión y cambio social. Y, finalmente, el autor se pregunta en qué medida este modelo puede ser útil para entender las relaciones entre los agentes de cooperación al "desarrollo".
Roger Penrose una aproximación elemental a su filosofía de la ciencia
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo
Published: September 2022

Este pequeño trabajo no es un profundo análisis de la ciencia y de la filosofía de Penrose. No tiene tal pretensión, ni cercanamente. Es simplemente una exposición breve y concisa de la obra del científicofilósofo, una especie de recensión si se quiere, cuyo único propósito es colocar dicha obra en el tapete de la discusión y el conocimiento que, seguramente, otros más conocedores que yo de la misma, podrán hacer.
Del valor de uso al valor de cambio: un (neo)-determinismo en la lógica social
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: September 2022

En este breve escrito se pretende trabajar sobre la aplicabilidad en la actualidad de dos conceptos de El Capital de Marx: el valor de uso y el valor de cambio. Para este cometido se estudiaron los textos básicos de Adam Smith y Carlos Marx, bajo la óptica de las lecturas del economista marxista, recientemente fallecido, Paul Sweezy. Además, se aplica el concepto de Marx de El fetichismo de la mercancía, y su secreto en las relaciones sociales en la actualidad. Finalmente, para contraponer a este proceso de mercantilización, el autor, presenta algunas alternativas basadas en los enfoques de Ignacio Ellacuría, acerca de la Civilización de la pobreza.
Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez. Un testimonio
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: September 2022

Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez. Un testimonio, No. 14, febrero 2009
Espacio para el análisis nacional e internacional. El golpe de estado en Honduras
Authors: Fúnez Rubén
Published: September 2022

Espacio para el análisis nacional e internacional. El golpe de Estado en Honduras, No. 15, julio 2019
Transdermal Delivery and Biological Activity of Arginine Oligomer Conjugation of Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1
Authors: Park Su In , Lee Kwang Won , Park Shinsung , Shin Moon Sam
Published: September 2022

GHK is a promising cosmeceutical peptide that stimulates the synthesis of ECM and modulates the activity of Matrix Metallo Proteinases (MMPs). However, due to the hydrophilic properties of GHK, skin permeability is a challenge. To overcome this limitation, we considered two peptide modifications, namely palmitoyl attachment and arginine oligomer conjugation. First, we evaluated the optimal modification of GHK for skin penetration using the Franz diffusion cell assay with 3D human reconstructed skin. We found that skin permeability was slightly increased by attaching palmitoyl at the N-terminus of GHK, while it was significantly increased by conjugating arginine oligomers at the C-terminus of GHK. In the comparison between R4, R6, and R8, R4 showed the highest penetrating potential, and the permeability of Pal-GHK-R4 was about 7-fold higher than that of GHK. Based on the skin permeability results, the optimal peptide, Pal-GHK-R4, was synthesized using SPPS, after which its biological activities were verified. Evaluating MMP-2 activity by gelatin zymography and collagen production by Sircol collagen assay showed that Pal-GHK-R4 had approximately100-fold lower active concentrations than GHK. In other words, we established the novel peptide Pal-GHK-R4 as a modification that significantly increases both the biological activities and skin permeability of GHK.
On the features of counteraction legalization of criminal proceeds
Authors: Мынжанов Ерлан Кайратович
Published: September 2022

В настоящей работе рассматриваются вопросы противодействия легализации (отмыванию) денег и (или) иного имущества, полученных преступным путем, в Республике Казахстан. Анализируются условия легализации доходов, полученных незаконным путем. Предлагаются основные направления профилактических мероприятий по предупреждению легализации доходов, полученных незаконным путем организованной преступностью. В статье приведен анализ статистических данных, согласно которому определены наиболее часто встречающиеся предикатные преступления, при этом выявлено отсутствие практики проведения параллельных финансовых расследований в сфере наркопреступлений. Также отражен положительный опыт Академии правоохранительных органов Республики Казахстан в проведении совместных расследований в сфере противодействия легализации преступных доходов. Исследование является своевременным, имеет практическое значение. Предлагаются основные направления мероприятий по предупреждению легализации доходов, полученных незаконным путем, и противодействию легализации преступных доходов.

This paper discusses the issues of countering the legalization (laundering) of money and (or) other property obtained by criminal means in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The conditions of legalization of illegally obtained income are analyzed. The article proposes the main directions of preventive measures to prevent the legalization of proceeds obtained illegally by organized crime. This article provides an analysis of statistical data, according to which the most common predicate crimes are identified, while the lack of practice of conducting parallel financial investigations in the field of drug crimes is revealed. It also reflects the positive experience of the Law Enforcement Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in conducting joint investigations in the field of combating money laundering. Research in this direction is timely and has practical significance. The article proposes the main directions of measures to prevent and counter the legalization of illegally obtained income.
ON THE ISSUE OF METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF REGION'S DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Миронова О. А. , Цой Р. А.
Published: September 2022

Цель исследования, представленного в статье, заключается в том, чтобы на основе анализа существующих в российской и зарубежной практике методик оценки устойчивого развития разработать универсальный алгоритм оценки уровня устойчивого развития на мезоуровне (регионы, муниципальные образования).

Purpose of study in this article is to develop a universal algorithm for assessing the level of sustainable development at the mesolevel (regions, municipalities) based on the analysis of existing methods of assessing sustainable development in Russian and foreign practice.
The Effect of the Parameters on Al 7075 Coated with MAO Method by Adding Nano Ti-Powder
Authors: ÖZCAN Mehmet Erbil , ÖZLER Latif
Published: September 2022

Coating processes are carried out in many areas of industry to improve the surface properties of materials such as wear and corrosion resistance or appearance. One of these coating processes is ceramic-based surface coatings. In order to obtain harder, denser and more uniform coatings, the substrate material is coated with a ceramic-based material at the desired thickness. In this study, 7075 series aluminum was coated with nano Ti powder and non-additive micro arc oxidation (MAO) method in a solution consisting of KOH, NaAlO2 and Na3PO4, and the effects of process parameters on coating thickness and wear behavior were experimentally investigated and the results were analyzed. According to the results obtained, it was observed that as the coating voltage, frequency and coating time increased, the wear rate decreased and a harder structure against wear is obtained. In addition, it was determined that the samples with nano titanium powder were less worn than the non-additive samples. According to SEM, EDX and XRD analyses, Al2O3 phase was observed in the coatings made without adding titanium particles; It has been observed that in addition to the Al2O3 main phase, TiO2 and SiO phases are also formed in titanium doped coatings.
LEAN Approach for the Impact Study in the European Foundation for Quality Management Model Score
Authors: Romana Fernando Acabado , Gestoso Carlos Guillen , Fernandez Silvia Gonzalez
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The main objective of this article is the description, analysis and explanation of the development of an integrated management model, supported by the LEAN management tools, for manufacturing companies that worked along the time on a mass production bases.Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology used was the integration of a model supported by the EFQM – European Foundation for Quality Management system, with the principles, tools and indicators of LEAN management system.Findings: The fundamental discoveries found in the analysis and application of the case study are located in four fundamental aspects, first related to the definition of a purpose for the company ; second the clear and correct description of the business processes involved, third the involvement of people and teams and fouth the application of a thought of continuous and permanent improvement.Originality/Value: From the point of view of added value for organizations, we understand that the levels of productivity, competitiveness and value creation for shareholders are the increasingly important elements of action, and the promotion of the implementation of models that promote cost reduction and increased product quality levels are absolutely essential. The recommendations are for the implementation of new management philosophies based on the integrated behavior of continuous improvement, reduction of waste in processes and activities and constant monitoring of results through the correct application of management indicators.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF NEUTROPHIL / LYMPHOCYTE, PLATELET / LYMPHOCYTE, AND MPV IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH PULMONARY EMBOLI
Authors: Demirkaya Alper , han Mehmet , al zeynep
Published: September 2022

Aim: Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is an obstructive disease of the pulmonary arterial system of varying degrees and localization and usually stems from the embolization of the thrombus or non-thrombotic substances originating from the deep veins of the lower extremities. Pulmonary embolism is a preventable disease that has a high probability of recurrence, high mortality, and morbidity. The differential diagnosis and clinical treatment of pulmonary embolism have a very important place in emergency service applications. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively examine the patients who applied to Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center Emergency Service between 2014 and 2019 and were diagnosed with PE.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, the data were collected retrospectively from a total of 144 patients including 80 female and 64 male patients who applied to Turgut Ozal Medical Center (TOTM) Emergency Department with the complaints of sweating, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and syncope between January 2014 and August 2019 and diagnosed with PE with the I-26 diagnostic code according to the ICD 10 coding system. The quantitative data obtained from the patients were summarized as mean and standard deviation or median, as well as minimum and maximum, and the qualitative data were summarized as numbers and percentages. The compatibility of the data with the normal distribution was evaluated with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test and the homogeneity of the variances was examined with the Levene test. The Independent Samples t-test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. The IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0 for Windows package program was used in the analyses. A P<0.05 value was taken as statistically significant.
Results: No significant differences were detected in terms of systolic arterial blood pressure, diastolic arterial blood pressure, and laboratory variables of leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, neutrophil/lymphocyte, and platelet/lymphocyte ratios between the PE patients with and without right ventricular dilatation on ECHO. Statistically significant differences were detected for platelet, MPV, and CRP between the patients with and without right ventricular dilatation in ECHO.
Conclusion: It is considered that these findings will provide data on the prognosis and general condition of patients and will help the clinician to make an earlier and easier prediction about the clinical prognosis of patients.
The Relationship between Traditional Bullying/Cyberbullying with Resilience, Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents
Authors: R ARZU , NMEZ YUNUS
Published: September 2022

Objective: Both bullying and victimization are a serious negative life experience for children and adolescents and the effects are not limited to the period of bullying, but may last for a lifetime and negatively affect the mental health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of bullying and victimization of adolescents-both traditional and cyber- and to determine their relationship with resilience, anxiety and depression.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out online with 207 adolescents. The participants filled the demographic data form, Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale for Adolescents, Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale (APRS), DSM-5 Anxiety Scale-Child, DSM-5 Depression Scale-Child.
Results: The traditional bully, traditional victim, cyberbully and cyber victims or non-victims were compared, no statistically significant difference was found between demographic characteristics. When the effect of being a victim or a bully on DSM-5 Depression, DSM-5 Anxiety and APRS total scores were analyzed by linear logistic regression analysis, it was determined that being a traditional victim is a potential risk factor for increasing depression and anxiety and decreasing in resilience.
Conclusion: Bullying exposure predicts psychiatric morbidity in the already difficult adolescence, therefore, prevention of this situation should be a priority in preventive public health.
The Role of Dynapenia and Abdominal Obesity in Determining Fall Risk in the Elderly
Authors: lmaz Funda
Published: September 2022

Aim: Dynapenia (D) and abdominal obesity (AO) are associated with many adverse health outcomes in the elderly. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the role of dynapenia and abdominal obesity in determining the risk of falling in the elderly.
Materials and Methods: A total of 400 (71.6±5.9) elderly, 228 of whom were women, were included in the study. All participants were evaluated with anthropometric measurements as well as hand grip strength, gait speed and Tinetti Balance and Gait Assesment (TBGA). AO was defined by waist circumference (WC) (WC≥102 cm in men and WC≥88 cm in women). Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured by hand dynamometry. Those with HGS <27 kg for men and <16 kg for women were defined as dineapenic (D). All participants were classified as ND/NAO, D/NAO, ND/AO, and D/AO.
Results: Gait speed was found to be lower in the ND/AO and D/AO groups (p<0.001). According to TBGA scores, 25 (35.2%) of 71 patients with high fall risk were D/AO, while 27 (38%) were ND/AO (p=0.018). While the risk of high falls was 14.4% in the ND/AO group, this rate increased to 24% in the D/AO group. WC (p<0.001, OR= -0.01 [-0.01-0.01]), HGS (p=0.025, OR= 0.03 [0.00-0.01]) and TBGA (p<0.001, OR= 0.066 [0.06-0.07]) high were determined as predictors of fall risk.
Conclusion: Our study showed that WC and HGS measurements, as well as TBGA, are effective in detecting high fall risk in the elderly. It may be possible to prevent falls and fall-related injuries by early detection of abdominal obesity and decreased muscle strength, which are among the correctable risk factors in the elderly, and by performing the necessary interventions.
Antimicrobial activity of Citrus limon essential oil against Escherichia coli in minced meat
Authors: REYAD AMANY
Published: September 2022

The efficacy of lemon oil as a food preservative against the well-known meat pathogen was investigated. Escherichia coli was detected and identified from 20 samples of frozen minced beef by using VITEK II automated system. The disc diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of lemon essential oil diluted in ethanol 70% against E. coli on agar plates. The oil presented a significant antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterium; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 0.25 %, lemon oil (0.25 %) had a measurable inhibitory effect when mixed with beef infected with 106 CFU/ml bacterial load. SEM images of the treated E. coli revealed membrane rupture, abnormal shaped cells, and cellular damage. The volatile profile of the oil revealed that it is mainly composed of monoterpenes, with citral, 6-exohydroxy camphene, and fenchone as the major compounds. The lemon essential oil could be a good alternative for existing biocides due to its potent antibacterial properties and its safety to the environment and human health.
Medical malpractice allegations related otolaryngologists
Authors: Hosukler Erdem , Yazgi Bugra , Hosukler Bilgin , Uzun Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

This study aims to raise the awareness of otolaryngologists regarding medical malpractice allegations. Among the files adjudicated between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2015 by the First Specialization Board of The Council of Forensic Medicine, cases with malpractice allegations accused of otolaryngologists were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-seven cases were included in the study. Thirty-six cases (63.2%) were male, 21 cases (36.8%) were female. The mean age was 32.87±20.3 years (1-84). The cases were mostly in the 18-39 age group (n=22, 38.6%). The event subject to the claim occurred most frequently in the state hospital (n=24, 42.1%). In 57 cases, a total of 68 otolaryngologists were accused of malpractice. The most common diagnoses made in the health institution were trauma (n=13, 22.8%) and respiratory tract infection (n=10, 17.5%). Otolaryngologists were most frequently blamed for inadequate treatment (n=25, 26.3%) and lack of indifference (n=15, 26.3%). Surgical treatment was performed on 26 patients (45.7%). The most common operations were septorhinoplasty and tonsillectomy. Complications occurred in 73.7% of the cases. The board's opinion was that only 10.5% of the cases had malpractice. A comprehensive review of the medical malpractice allegations will contribute to a better understanding of these cases and necessary strategies to reduce possible claims and improve health services.
Is there a relationship between HMGB1 levels and clinical conditions of patients tested positive for COVID-19?
Authors: Gundogdu Nevhiz , Tanriverdi Mustafa , Celikturk Hale , Yildirim Mustafa , Benlier Necla , Ozkur Hanifi , Cicek Hulya
Published: September 2022

Severe COVID-19 may be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, which can lead to death. These life-threatening conditions are supposed to be the outcome of immune system overactivity, which causes cytokine storm syndrome and multiple organ failure. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is one of the damages associated with molecular model molecules (DAMPs), which plays a role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and infections where many studies have been conducted. In this study, the role of HMGB1 in COVID-19 positive cases, which could be considered a potential diagnosis and treatment method, is investigated. COVID-19 patients, who were hospitalized to our clinic in Sanko University Hospital, were included in this study. Blood samples were taken from patients to measure their HMGB1 level which was then compared with their clinical severity. It is observed that HMGB1 levels rise in COVID-19 patients when compared to the control group, but the severity of the illness does not get particularly affected by their HMGB1 levels.
Morphometric changes of white matter structures in the pediatric age group
Authors: Koyuncu Esra , Turamanlar Ozan , Kaya Furkan , Caliskan Gizem , Mahmoud Jamila , Bouab Haifaa , Jouid Mohamad , Mohamed Hozayfa , Jabbary Soheila , Cavusoglu Dilek
Published: September 2022

The corpus callosum (CC) and capsula interna (CI), which are among the white matter structures of the brain, provide the connection between the hemispheres. The development of the CC in childhood, its relationship with age and sex, and its relationship with the development of cognitive functions in adolescence are among the issues of interest. Our study aimed to evaluate the CC and CI measurements with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess age-related normal growth and development from childhood to young adulthood. Three hundred thirty cases (170 males and 160 females) between the ages of 0-15 whose brain MRI examinations were performed and whose images were considered normal by expert radiologists were evaluated in our study. The participants were divided into four groups according to their age. For the CI measurements, the thickness of the crus anterior, crus posterior, and genu parts and the genu angle were evaluated. In the measurements on the CC, the total length of the CC (CC VI), which indicates the distance between the endpoint of the genu and splenium part, was taken with measurements number CC I, II, III, IV, and V, in which the thicknesses of the CC genu, truncus, and splenium parts were measured on the midsagittal section. In the evaluation of the CC sections between the groups, it was found that there was no difference between the 3rd and 4th groups among all groups, there was a statistically significant difference between the 1st group and the other groups (p<0.001), and the anterior and middle parts of the truncus were the earliest developing parts. All parameters increased with age. Except for the thicker CC IV measurement of the isthmus in males, no difference was revealed between the sexes in any parameter (p>0.05). No difference was observed between the right and left sides in the CI measurements (p>0.05). The angle formed in the genu part was found to be 119°. In the literature review, we observed that there were few studies on the healthy pediatric population in Turkish society. We hope that the parameters we obtained may contribute to evaluating potential clinical conditions.
The investigating of clinical and radiological findings of hepatic actinomycosis
Authors: Koc Mustafa
Published: September 2022

Actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative granulomatous infection of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. Infection most commonly manifests as a cervicofacial disease but less frequently in the thoracic and abdominopelvic region. Hepatic actinomycosis (HA) is rare and usually secondary to abdominal actinomycosis. It can mimic hepatic malignant tumors. There is not enough information in the literature about HA. In this study, radiological and clinical findings of HA cases were investigated. Between January 2013 and February 2021, a total of 12 patients diagnosed with HA were retrospectively analyzed. Significant clinical and laboratory findings and radiological findings related to current pathology were noted. The mean age of the patients ranged from 23 to 75 years (mean age, 52.2 years). There were 7 male and 5 female patients. 85% of these patients had fever, 67% anemia, and 53% weight loss. Peripheral blood leukocytes were increased in all patients. 8 of the patients (66%) had a secondary infection of HA in the lungs, and pelvis organs. Radiologically, they were mostly low-intensity changes (66%), making them easily misdiagnosed as metastatic cancer and primary liver cancer. 17% seen acute bacterial abscess-like changes. A few cases exhibited cystic mass-like changes. In 64% of the patients, a single lesion was found. The right lobe of the liver was the most common infection area. A definitive diagnosis was made by histopathological examination. The diagnosis of primary HA is difficult to diagnose because of the nonspecific clinical and radiological findings. Differential diagnoses should be made with diseases that include both benign and malignant conditions.
Evaluation of treatment compliance and quality of life status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Sengoz Tugba , Esen Hatice
Published: September 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious and progressive disease that occurs when carbohydrates, fat and protein are not used effectively in the body, but it is a problem that greatly affects the individual when the desired level of control cannot be achieved. In this study, the relationship between Treatment Compliance and Quality of Life in Type 2 DM Patients aged 65 and over was evaluated to inform patients about chronic complications, prevent complications, and maintain appropriate care when complications develop. The research was planned as descriptive and cross-sectional. In the unit with a population of 4000, 90 people aged 65 and over with Type 2 DM were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 71.99±5.76 years (min-max: 65-94). 55.6% of the patients were women, 84.4% were married and 55.6% were primary school graduates. The mean score of the Elderly Quality of Life Scale was 23.32±6.59, and the mean score of the Patient Compliance Scale in the Treatment of Type 2 DM was 86.67±8.68. In the study, the relationship between Treatment Compliance and Quality of Life in Type 2 DM patients aged 65 and over was evaluated, and a negative and independent significant relationship was found between scale scores. This study will set an example for patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM to adapt to their treatment and determine their quality of life and make future plans.
Determination of rational drug use knowledge levels of adult Syrians under temporary protection applying to immigrant health centers in Malatya province and related factors
Authors: Baskiran Deniz , Pehlivan Erkan , Cicek Ipek , Bayir Berna
Published: September 2022

In this study, it was aimed to determine the rational drug use knowledge level of Syrians under temporary protection who applied to migrant health centers in Malatya province and related factors. A total of 983 Syrian patients under temporary protection in four Migrant Health Centers in Malatya were included in the study. Socio-demographic characteristics form and Rational Drug Use Scale were used as data collection tools. The mean duration of stay of the population included in the study in Turkey was 5.8±2 (1-12, median 6) years, and the mean duration of stay in Malatya was 5.2±2.1(1-10, median 6) years. According to the questionnaire on the Rational Drug Use Scale, the average score of the participants was approximately 6 points behind the cut-off value of 34 points. Only 23.1% of them were able to score 35 and above. While the scores of the patients did not differ according to gender, a weak correlation was found with age. In addition, it was determined that education level, year lived in Turkey, marital status and regular working life in Syria and living in a village or town were effective factors on rational drug use scores. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the rational drug use knowledge level of the participants was low.
Elevated Monocyte Levels Maybe a Common Peripheral Inflammatory Marker in Specific Learning Disorders and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Yektas Cigdem , Tufan Ali , Kilicaslan Onder , Yazici Merve , Karakaya Sumeyra , Sarigedik Enes
Published: September 2022

Aim: the primary aim of this study was to determine whether the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells are different in children with specific learning disorders compared to healthy controls. The second aim of the study is to investigate the relationships of those inflammatory markers with SLDs clinical severity.
Methods: A total of 100 drug-naive participants, aged 7-12 years, who were newly diagnosed as having specific learning disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria were compared with a healthy control group of 75 age, sex matched children. the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells were measured according to the complete blood count.
Results: specific learning disorders significantly affected monocyte levels and tended to affect monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil levels while attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis significantly affected monocyte levels and mean platelet volume and also tended to affect distribution width of red blood cells. Specific learning disorders symptom severity did not correlate significantly with peripheral inflammatory markers.
Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate the effect of peripheral inflammatory markers in a large specific learning disorders sample by controlling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity. The findings demonstrated that the monocyte levels are higher in both specific learning disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder groups suggesting that elevated monocyte levels may be a common marker in the inflammatory pathophysiology.
Sample Size in Reliability Studies: A Practical Guide Based on Cronbach's Alpha
Authors: Karakaya Sevinc , Alparslan Zeliha
Published: September 2022

Objective: Internal consistency of scales is crucial for the quality of clinical practices, and scales that measure various aspects of clinical disorders must possess acceptable internal consistency. In the assessment of the internal consistency of the scales, the present study considered the Cronbachs alphas coefficient. This study aims (1) to provide a practical sample size guide based on Cronbachs alpha for medical researchers; (2) to investigate the factors related to the determination of the sample size needed for a correct estimation of Cronbachs alpha.
Method: The calculation steps of the two sample size approaches (desired precision and desired power) proposed by Bonett are detailed and the sample size tables of these approaches are tabulated.
Results: Findings indicate that as the number of items in the scale increases, the sample size decreases to a certain level but reaches a plateau when the number of items is about 30. Furthermore, it is claimed that the sample size should be at least 45 (and more) in order to calculate a meaningful internal consistency coefficient.
Conclusions: In the present study, we extracted detailed information about the key components of sample size calculation for Cronbachs alpha and provided an easy and practical tables, which will enable clinicians to determine the appropriate sample size for their internal consistency studies.
The Mediating Role of Non-Adaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Anxiety
in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Akdeniz Burak , Gunduz Merve
Published: September 2022

Objective: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), spread all over the world in a short time and turned into a pandemic. During COVID-19, individuals' anxiety levels have increased. For this reason, determining the factors that affect anxiety during COVID-19 is crucial for the psychological health of individuals. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of non-adaptive emotion regulation in the relationship between perceived social support and anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: The sample of the study consisted of 327 university students with an average age of 24.27. The data were collected from the participants between May and June 2020. Demographic Information Form, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16) were used. The independent-sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson moment product correlation test, and Mediation analysis were all used for statistical analysis.
Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants stated that they were mostly concerned about the health status of their families. There was a negative correlation between anxiety level, age and perceived social support. Anxiety level had a positive relationship with non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, non-adaptive emotion regulation had a full mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and perceived social support.
Conclusion: Our study found that the anxiety-reducing effect of perceived social support disappears when individuals use non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies. For this reason, the studies to develop adaptive emotion regulation strategies may be useful in reducing the COVID-19 anxiety.
Chemical Characterization and Anti-Microbial Activity of Gongronema Latifolium (Utazi) Organic Extract
Authors: Ode Ejembi Francis , Lewis Ameh , Gloria Ameh Ebere , Ukwenya Isama Simon
Published: September 2022

E. icoli, iS.iaureus, iBacillusspp iand iother ibacteria icause igreat idamage iin ifood, ibeverage iand ipharmaceutical iindustries iin iWest iAfrica.iIllnesses icaused iby ithese iorganisms ihave ialso ibeen ion ithe irise iin irecent iyears, imaking iit idifficult ifor ifood istorage ias icustomers iare ilooking ielsewhere ifor isolutions.iThe iuse iof inatural iand iherbal iextracts ias ipreservatives iand imedicines ihas ibeen iproven iin irecent itimes ito ibe iof igreater iadvantage iover ithe isynthetic idrugs iand ichemical ipreservatives.iLocally, iGongronema ilatifolium ihas ibeen iused iin ithe ipreservation iof ifruits iand itreatment iof iailments.iIt iis iproposed ithat ifurther iresearch iis ineeded iin ithe iuse iof iGongronema ilatifolium ifor imedicinal iand ipreservative ipurposes.iThis istudy iis iaimed iat ishowing ithat iorganic iextracts igotten ifromG.ilatifolium iis ieffective iin igrowth iinhibition iand idestruction iof iboth igram ipositive iand igram inegative ihealth ideteriorating icausing ibacteria. iThis iis idone iby iextracting ithe iorganic imatter ifrom ialready iprepared iGongronemalatifolium ileaves iusing ithe iSoxhlet iapparatus iand itesting iit ion idifferent ifive ibacteria iobtained ifrom ipure istrains iand icultured iin ithe ilab.Results igotten ifor ithe iantimicrobial iactivity ishowed ithat ithe iethane iextracts ifrom iGongronema ilatifolium iexhibited ia imaximum izone iof iinhibition i(10 imm) iagainst iStaphylococcus iaureus i(MIC i= i5 icfu/ml), iwhile ithe iethyl iacetate iextracts ishowed ithe ileast izone iof iinhibition i(1 imm) ito iStaphylococcus iaureus i(MIC i= i0 icfu/ml).iThe imethanolic iextracts ishowed ithe imaximum izone iof iinhibition i(9.1 imm) ito iEscherichia icoli i(MIC i= i4 icfu/ml) iwhile ithe iethyl iacetate iextracts ishowed ithe ileast izone iof iinhibition i(1 imm) ito iEscherichia icoli i(MIC i= i0 icfu/ml).iThis iresult ihas iproven ithe ibasis ifor ithis iplant ito ibe iused iparticularly iin ithe itreatment iof iillness icaused iby imicroorganisms
Could myeloperoxidase be a biomarker or predictor for colorectal cancer?
Authors: Sahingoz Erdal Gulcin , Korkusuz Ramazan , Isiksacan Nilgun , Cikot Murat , Atar Pinar , Kocamaz Nursel
Published: September 2022

Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 4th most common cancer, and tumor tissue has a higher amount of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells than normal tissue. We aimed to compare the parameters of myeloid and lymphoid cells and MPO levels in the venous blood of patients diagnosed with CRC and healthy volunteers. Materials and methods: The patient group in the study consisted of people who were diagnosed with CRC and had not yet received local or systemic treatment. The control group was selected from non-cancer patients. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the quantitative determination of MPO in serum. Results: A total of 56 patients were included in this study. The mean MPO level of the patient group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.59, 5.2 pg/mL, p=0.007). As a result of the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the cut-off point obtained for MPO was determined to be 3.66. There were significantly more CRC patients in the group with an MPO value of 3.66 and below (p=0.001; p<0.01). An MPO value of 3.66 or below increased the risk of CRC by 8.13 times. Conclusions: In our study, the serum MPO level was significantly lower in the CRC patients, suggesting that immune system cells in CRC tend to behave differently in cancerous tissue and the general circulatory system. In the light of future studies on this subject, simple and easily reproducible determination of plasma MPO level may help to predict the prognosis, treatment planning, response to treatment, and efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, myeloperoxidase, predictor
Challenges faced by pregnant women in accessing antenatal services in Oka Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Olajide Joseph , Oseni Usman Oladele
Published: September 2022

This study aims to evaluate the challenges faced by pregnant women in accessing antenatal services at Comprehensive Health Centre Oka Akoko, Ondo State. Materials and methods: Descriptive survey design method was adopted to assess the challenges encountered by pregnant women in accessing antenatal services in the selected health center in Akure. Structured questionnaire was used for the collection of demographic data. Results: The results showed that 60% (n=60) of the participants have access to antenatal services and 40% (n=40) did not have access to antenatal services in Comprehensive Health Center Oka-Akoko, Nigeria. Of these 60 participants, 63.3% of them were Christians, 56.7% were Muslims while 50% belonged to other religion. It was also observed that the highest access (74%) to antenatal services was noted among the Yoruba ethnic group while the least access was recorded among the Hausa ethnic group (30%). The results further showed that pregnant women who are educated especially those with tertiary qualification, all (100%) have access to antenatal services while the uneducated pregnant women had the least access to antenatal services. In addition, 80% of the civil servants had access to the antenatal services while students especially those within the age group 15-20 years had the least access (40%) to the antenatal services. Generally, poor access to antenatal care was common among the poor and less educated respondents in the study area. Conclusions: The study identified poverty and poor education as major factors that led to poor access to antenatal clinic in Oka Akoko Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. To combat this problem, government at all levels must make antenatal care free and further increase the public awareness on the importance of antenatal clinic to the pregnant women. Keywords: Maternal care, pregnant women, antenatal
The Energy of Local Festivals for the Preservation of Cultural and Historical Heritage: an Empirial View
Authors: Petkova Kamelia
Published: September 2022

The report analyzes the results of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions held in the fall of 2021 in Sadovo, Elin Pelin, Gabrovo, Bolyartsi, Novi Han, Elin Pelin and Pozharevo within the project "Local Holidays: a resource for local communities to deal with crises", funded by the NSF of the Ministry of Education and Science (KP-06-H45 / 5 of 30.11.2020). The research focuses on local festivals and in particular the way in which their organizers view them as a mechanism for preserving the traditions of the local community. Particular attention is paid to the importance of these events for the presentation and preservation of cultural and historical heritage. The various points of view of representatives of local authorities, organizers of local holidays and representatives of the Roma ethnic community are presented without claiming to be exhaustive. Local holidays in the Bulgarian context, regardless of their thematic focus, have their own energy, which distinguishes them from other similar events and in this sense are the antithesis of fear and social isolation, especially in crises such as the Covid pandemic 19. In most cases, these events can be seen as part of the process of building local identities, which draw their resources from what is imagined, reconstructed and argued as local heritage.
Socialization of Immovable Roman Archaeological Sites in Bulgaria
Authors: Stefanova Stela
Published: September 2022

The archaeological cultural heritage and its inclusion in projects for the creation of tourist attractions, tourist products and marketing of the destinations are among the leading priorities in the field of tourism in Bulgaria. In this sense, the aim of the current paper is a review and analysis of the socialization of the immovable archaeological sites from the Roman period in the country. The socialization is considered from several aspects - exposure, preservation, presentation, provided services and organized events, accessibility, technical and ancillary infrastructure, advertisement. In each of them, the applied basic techniques and methods are studied and illustrated with specific examples of sites with national importance from the Roman period. In conclusion, more important problems and challenges related to the socialization are presented. Their resolution is of importance for the preservation of the immovable archaeological monuments and the sustainable development of tourism, based on archaeological heritage.
Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Providing of Accessibility of Balkan Sacred Sites for People with Special Needs (Part 2)
Authors: Bogdanova Galina , Galabova Liana
Published: September 2022

Our native lands are a cross-cultural place, and with time they had turned into popular destination of specific kinds of cultural, religious, and pilgrimage tourism. How in the context of good neighbourhood and religious tolerance religious life transforms spaces by specific religious practices, developing at the same time responsibility to tourist accessibility through adequate information, good management and socially attentive welfare administration? Second part of this study explores same pilgrimage practices in countries that do not share socialist Balkan heritage. Main perspective of this study is observation of physical and digital accessibility to sacred sites.
The Role of Disability in the Lives of Some Famous People
Authors: Sabev Negoslav , Bogdanova Galina
Published: September 2022

The study presents some celebrities with disabilities. Their achievements are an example of how, even in unfavorable conditions, combativeness can overcome the barriers posed by physical condition. Success and recognition in a field can be achieved regardless of limitations. The studies provoke the development of methodologies and tools for the accumulation of biographical data and additional materials for storing information in the cloud. The data are processed and analyzed from the perspective of the role of disability in the lives of the studied individuals. It is envisaged that the methodology, tools and digital archive will be integrated into a socially oriented digital ecosystem for accessibility.