bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Legislation In Dealing With Extremism And Terrorism
Authors: Dalip Andrew
Published: February 2020

While there are vast disparities in size and population between Canada and Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), there are important commonalities between the two including, ethnic and religious diversity, and adherence to strong democratic principals. T&T’s Muslim community represents approximately 5% of the population and has been a strong fiber in the social fabric since 1845. The actions of a small number of citizens has however led to T&T being labelled as having the highest foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) per capita in the western world. Trinidadians have also been the victims of international terrorism including 9/11 and the Westgate Shopping Mall attack in Kenya. These issues together with the evolving tactics of terror organizations such as ISIL, coupled with T&T being a target rich environment, places terrorism high on the national security agenda.
Extremism and Intelligence
Authors: Richards Julian
Published: February 2020

Contemporary extremist threats encompass a widening spectrum, whereby long-standing threats are supplemented by the stubborn persistence of historical threats, and by the emergence of new threats and Violent Transnational Social Movements (VTSMs). For security and intelligence agencies, the management challenges posed by the evolving picture are complex and multi-faceted. Probably the most difficult challenge is that of prioritisation and the allocation of resources across the spectrum of investigation. Other challenges include those of recruiting and retaining staff with the right cutting-edge skills, especially in such fields of social media exploitation; and a fundamental definitional question of how to define some of the newly-emerging threats, avoiding questions of surveillance crossing-over into inappropriate suppression of legitimate dissent in a liberal democracy.
The Conflation of Organized Crime and Terrorism in Venezuela
Authors: CASIS
Published: February 2020

On November 22, 2019, Victoria Dittmar presented on the “Conflation of Organized Crime and Terrorism in Venezuela” at the 2019 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions & answers. Main discussion topics included organized crime and possible solutions for the aforementioned issue in Caribbean Latin America.
Path to Violence
Authors: CASIS
Published: February 2020

On November 22, 2019, Mr. John Pyrik presented on the Path to Violence at the 2019 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions and answers. Main discussion topics included foreign fighters, structured analytical techniques (SATs), and family grooming among right-wing extremists.
Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the United States
Authors: Weichelt Bryan , Gorucu Serap , Jennissen Charles , Denning Gerene , Oesch Stephen
Published: February 2020

Background

Injuries related to the operation of off-road vehicles (ORVs), including all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), continue to be a significant public health concern, especially in rural and agricultural environments. In the United States alone, ATVs have played a role in thousands of fatalities and millions of injuries in the recent decades. However, no known centralized federal surveillance system consistently captures these data. Traditional injury data sources include surveys, police reports, trauma registries, emergency department data, newspaper and online media reports, and state and federal agency databases.

Objective

The objectives of this study paper were to (1) identify published articles on ORV-related injuries and deaths that used large databases and determine the types of datasets that were used, (2) examine and describe several national US-based surveillance systems that capture ORV-related injuries and fatalities, and (3) promote and provide support for the establishment of a federally-funded agricultural injury surveillance system.

Methods

In this study, we examined several national United States–based injury datasets, including the web-based AgInjuryNews, the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, databases compiled by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System.

Results

Our review found that these data sources cannot provide a complete picture of the incidents or the circumstantial details needed to effectively inform ORV injury prevention efforts. This is particularly true with regard to ORV-related injuries in agricultural production.

Conclusions

We encourage the establishment of a federally funded national agricultural injury surveillance system. However, in lieu of this, use of multiple data sources will be necessary to provide a more complete picture of ORV- and other agriculture-related injuries and fatalities.
Review of modern optimization methods for bearing systems of buildings аnd structures
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot G. , Alekseytsev Anatoly V.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. A review of modern approaches to the search for design solutions, optimal by various criteria, for load-bearing construction structures is given. The paper discloses problems of finding solutions on discrete sets of variable parameters reflecting modern approaches to design considering the available range of materials and products. It also formulated the goals of the literary review, its relevance to modern socio-economic conditions, and a brief historical digest reflecting the stages of development of search methods. The focus of the review is on new metaheuristic approaches that are used in world practice to optimize the load-bearing systems. Materials and methods. The methods of searching for relevant literature in international scientific databases are described. The selection of sources was based on the international Web of Science databases by publishing house Thomson Reuters, Scopus, EI Compendex by Elsevier publishing house which, had well-developed tools for thematic search as well as guaranteeing the legitimacy and quality of the literature. Results. The article classified the modern methods of searching for optimal design solutions by several criteria. Those included the metaheuristic approach type, number of optimization goals, methods of considering constraints, presentation of varying parameters, consideration of life cycle stages, survivability, reliability, facility safety levels, and accident risks. A series of the most promising optimization methods based on the mathematical formalization of physical processes, as well as combined iterative strategies, are described. Attention is also paid to some gradient approaches and methods of mathematical programming. Conclusions. The paper has shown that to meet modern requirements for building load-bearing structures, including safety criteria, minimizing costs during the life cycle, reliability, survivability, and other properties, the methods similar to biological processes in wildlife are most widely spread. These methods have a relatively fast adaptability to solve a broad class of problems in construction. Analysis of the reviewed sources showed that the far-reaching methods for solving problems of construction design optimization are stochastic methods using discrete sets of design parameters that reflect features of building structure design.
A cause-and-consequence analysis of serious emergencies with the aim of providing integrated safety of buildings and installations
Authors: Telichenko Valery I. , Roitman Vladimir M.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Throughout their entire life cycle, construction projects are under the influence of numerous dangers and threats of technogenic and natural character. It is necessary to provide the safety of these projects in various emergencies, including ones of combined character. When solving problems connected with providing safety of the facilities under these conditions, specialists encounter difficulties. Studies in a new school, developing a concept of integrated safety in construction, are conducted in the National Research University MGSU on the initiative by and under the guidance of Professor V.I. Telichenko.

Materials and methods. The authors apply a concept of integrated safety in construction developed with their participation. The concept serves as the basis for analysis of major emergencies of the last years (2009–2019): the fire in the Lame Horse nightclub, the fire in the Winter Cherry mall at the town of Kemerovo, the explosion in a residential house at the town of Magnitogorsk, the fire in the cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris.

Results. Analysis of the latest emergencies allowed identifying their main causes. Those include gross violations of requirements for a fire protection system (FPS) for buildings and installations as the basis for providing the integrated facility safety in emergencies and insufficient consideration of construction facility technical condition when assessing its integrated safety under emergency conditions.

Conclusions. The paper attracts attention to the FPS of buildings and installations. For the convenience of standardization and designing safety systems of construction projects, the authors suggest to classify FPS measures into four blocks: providing stability of the facilities in emergencies, limiting the spread of fire, providing human safety during the emergency, active protection of the facilities during the emergency. The system of the FPS measures can be considered as the basis for providing integrated safety of the facilities under emergency conditions. The article has shown that the revealed causes of the unwarranted loss of human lives and material damage could be eliminated by means of timely application of the corresponding FPS measures.
Renaissance Man
Authors: Dooley Gillian
Published: February 2020

Professor Joost Daalder taught in the English Department at Flinders University from 1976 until his retirement in 2001, mostly in the area of English Renaissance literature. Prior to that, he taught at the University of Otago (New Zealand) from 1966 to 1976. He has an impressive list of publications, including several scholarly editions of Renaissance literary texts and many journal articles, book chapters, and reviews. See http://www.flinders.edu.au/ehl/englishandcreativewriting/staff/joost-daalder-pub.cfm for acomplete list.Joost was born in the Netherlands in 1939, and studied at Amsterdam University and Edinburgh University before moving to New Zealand with his wife Truus in 1966. Joost and Truus have an interest in collecting fine arts, and in 2017 donated the Daalder Contemporary Jewellery Collection to the Art Gallery of South Australia. They also often lend art objects to other institutions for exhibitions. Truus is known for her books on the visual arts, notably her Ethnic Jewellery and Adornment (2009).I first knew Joost as a lecturer when I was studying Honours in English in the mid-1990s – he was an inspiring teacher of Shakespeare’s plays and poems. Since then we have become friends and colleagues and it seems fitting to mark his 80th birthday with an in-depth conversation about his professional career. The interview was conducted via email in September and October 2019.
An Interview with Abhay K.
Authors: Sarangi Jaydeep
Published: February 2020

Abhay K. (born 1980, Nalanda, Bihar) has published a memoir and seven collections of poetry. He is the editor of four poetry collections. His poems have been published in over 60 literary journals across the world including Poetry Salzburg Review. His poem-song 'Earth Anthem' has been translated into over 50 global languages. He received the SAARC Literary Award and was invited to record his poems at the Library of Congress in Washington DC.This interview was conducted through a series of emails in the month of September 2019.
The Voice of a Dalit Feminist
Authors: Bhaumik Mahuya
Published: February 2020

Urmila Pawar is a prolific Dalit feminist writer who belongs to the Mahar community ofMaharashtra. She is a social activist whose protesting voice has been a source of inspiration forthousands of Dalit women. Despite encountering diverse levels of discrimination on the basis ofcaste and gender she completed her Masters in Marathi Literature and chose to write about thewomen of her society and their marginalised position. Her autobiography Aaidan, written inMarathi, has been translated into English as The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman’s Memoirsand published by Columbia University Press. Her short story 'Kavach' has been included in thesyllabus for SNDT Women's University and her documentation with Meenakshi Moon on theparticipation of Dalit women has been a seminal contribution to the construction of Dalit historyfrom a feminist perspective.I went to Urmila Pawar's house in Mumbai in early 2019 to take the interview. I wastouched by her warm hospitality. She spoke sometimes in English and at times in Hindi. Then Icompiled the entire conversation in English. The following version is published with herapproval.
Writing Back
Authors: Sarangi Jaydeep , Chanda Anurima
Published: February 2020

Shyamal Kumar Pramanik is an author on social and political values and an engaging writer of Dalit literature and movement. His works glitter with pain, angst and social good will. For him, writing is a commitment, social and political. Dalit literature is born out of ideological warfare. Pramanik is a socially committed artist with many works under his belt. All his works lead us to a better society based on justice, equality and fraternity.His collection of Dalit poetry titled Aguner Bornomala was first published in 2000 in Bengali. In 2019, it was published in English as Fiery Garland of Letters translated by Kalyan Basu (Gangchil, Kolkata). This collection of poems is rich with military images to change the society for good. These are mainly protest poems, protest against the age-old stereotypes in the Bengali caste pyramid.This interview was conducted via emails in the month of December 2019. We sat with the author a couple of times in a café in south Kolkata where we discussed his works and activism for the upliftment of the Dalits in Bengal.
A Scholar, Poet and Critic
Authors: Manaf Nor Faridah Abdul
Published: February 2020

From the Archives: This interview was conducted during Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s visit to Flinders University in September 1994 and first published in the CRNLE (Centre for Research in the New Literatures in English) Reviews Journal in 1995. We are republishing it with Professor Lim’s permission, and with a postscript from Dr Nor Faridah Abdul Manaf to bring it up to date.

1995 Introduction: I first started reading Professor Lim's work in her role as a well-known critic of Malaysia and Singapore Anglophone writings, although she was better known as a poet. My brief encounter with Professor Lim during her visit to the CRNLE in conjunction with CRNLE's International Conference in September 1994, was both delightful and inspirational. To me, Professor Lim represents the many invisible tough and strong women in Asia particularly in Malaysia. She has gone through many conflicts and contradictions in her search for identity as a woman.
ISOLASI BAKTERI DARI TANAH SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA ANTIMIKROB
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , ROSALINA FEBRIANTI
Published: February 2020

Antibiotik adalah bahan obat yang sangat memegang peranan penting dalam menanggulangi penyakit infeksi. Senyawa antimikroba dapat diperoleh dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan mikroba. Senyawa antimikrob yang dihasilkan oleh mikroba memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan antibiotik sintetik karena memiliki sifat yang lebih efektif, sebab targetnya spesifik serta toksisitasnya rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan ialah untuk mengisolasi bakteri dari tanah yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa antimikrob, serta untuk menguji aktivitas penghambtannya terhadap  pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah isolasi, purifikasi, dan seleksi bakteri dari sampel tanah dengan metode uji penghambatan sedangkan bakteri Bacillus sp. Merupakan bakteri pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh terdapat 2 isolat yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yaitu isolat 1 dan isolate 4. Isolat 1 lebih berpotensi menghambat E. coli dengan indeks hambat 4.0 mm dibandingkan dengan penghambatan S. aureus dengan indeks hambat 3.1 mm. Sedangkan isolat 4 lebih berpotensi menghambat S. aureus dengan indeks hambat 2.8 mm dibandingkan dengan penghambatan terhadap E. coli dengan indeks hambat 1.4 mm.
Parents As Pimps: Survivor Accounts of Trafficking of Children in the United States
Authors:   DePaul University College of Law, USA, Raphael Jody
Published: February 2020

This article discusses four survivor accounts of survivors being sold for sexual exploitation by their parents for monetary gain. These narratives, supplemented by other accounts from 100 newspaper stories between 2012 and 2018, reveal the fact that many survivors were sold as very young children, and the abuse continued through their teen years, blurring distinctions between pedophilia and the sex trade industry. In their accounts, survivors described the motivations of their parents as well as the buyers, who used excessive force and violence. Some researchers are beginning to document the existence of parental pimping and its prevalence, which ranges from 3% to 44% among survivors. Some researchers continue to resist labeling parents as pimps and refuse to view the phenomenon as part of the sex trade industry. The findings from this study raise important questions about what cultural factors encourage parents to believe that this activity is acceptable.
PENGATURAN PENDAFTARAN BADAN USAHA BUKAN BADAN HUKUM MELALUI SISTEM ADMINISTRASI BADAN USAHA
Authors: Yustisia Utami Putu Devi
Published: February 2020

Istilah Perseroan Komanditer, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kita. Dasar hukum pendirian CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata adalah berdasarkan KUHD dan KUHPerdata. Berdasarkan pasal 23 KUHD, pendaftaran pendirian CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata dilakukan di Kepaniteraan Pengadilan Negeri. Akan tetapi, saat ini pemerintah telah menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Pendaftaran CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata dimana pendaftarannya mirip dengan pendaftaran badan usaha berbadan hukum yaitu dilakukan kepada Menteri melalui Sistem Administrasi Badan Usaha (SABU) secara online. Ini menyebabkan adanya ketidaksesuaian norma mengenai pendaftaran pendirian badan usaha bukan badan hukum. Berdasarkan paparan tersebut penulis menemukan permasalahan yaitu Bagaimanakah pengaturan mengenai badan usaha bukan badan hukum dalam peraturan perundang- undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia dan Apa akibat hukum bagi badan usaha bukan badan hukum yang berdiri sebelum berlakunya Permenkumham No. 17 tahun 2018 yang tidak mendaftarkan dirinya pada Sistem Administrasi Badan Usaha (SABU). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang- undangan (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan analisis konsep (Analytical Concept Approach). Kesimpulannya adalah berdasarkan asas lex posterior derograt legi priori, dalam hal terjadi dualisme pengaturan pendaftaran CV, Firma dan Persekutuan Perdata, ketentuan hukum yang dipergunakan adalah KUHD dan KUHPerdata.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA ANAK TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN DALAM KAJIAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG- UNDANGAN
Authors: Sadia Dwi Ratmaja I Gede
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlindungan hukum hak asasi manusia terhadap anak korban dan pelaku tindak pidana kekerasan. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hak asasi manusia anak sebagai korban tindak pidana kekerasan telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Korban harus mendapat perlindungan dalam setiap proses peradilan dengan memperhatikan kepentingan anak dan mengusahakan suasana kekeluargaan, wajib didampingi, diberi kesempatan oleh hakim untuk menyampaikan pendapat, berhak atas upaya rehabilitasi, upaya perlindungan dan pemberitaan identitas untuk menghindari labelisasi, pemberian jaminan keselamatan bagi saksi korban dan saksi ahli baik fisik, mental, maupun sosial, serta pemberian aksebilitas untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai perkembangan perkara. Selanjutnya, perlindungan hak asasi manusia anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana kekerasan dilakukan melalui pendekatan keadilan restoratif yang merupakan penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana dengan melibatkan pelaku, korban, keluarga pelaku/korban, dan pihak lain yang terkait untuk bersama-sama mencari penyelesaian yang adil dengan menekankan pemulihan kembali pada keadaan semula, dan bukan pembalasan. Perlindungan juga diberikan melalui proses diversi dan proses peradilan yang dilewati oleh anak sebagai pelaku tindak kekerasan.
PEMBAJAKAN MEREK DALAM TATANAN HUKUM KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sutra Disemadi Hari , Mustamin Wiranto
Published: February 2020

Merek merupakan bagian dari hak kekayaan intelektual, untuk itu perlu adanya perlindungan hukum ha katas merek. Fenomena saat ini, banyak terjadi pemalsuan atau pembajakan atas merek yang tentu saja telah melanggar hukum yang dilakukan oleh produsen barang dan/atau jasa yang tidak memiliki itikad baik. Berdasarkan hal tesebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan hukum terkait merek dalam tatanan hukum kekayaan intelektual di Indonesia dan untuk mengetahui akibat pembajakan merek terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian doctrinal dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual dengan mengutamakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier seperti peraturan yang mengikat, buku, serta Jurnal penelitian hukum terkait merek. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebijakan terkait merek diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis serta peraturan pelaksanaanya. Hak atas merek diberikan oleh negara dengan melalui mekanisme pendaftaran yang harus dilakukan oleh pemiliknya. Pendaftaran tersebut sifatnya wajib, sehingga jika tidak didaftarkan hak atas merek tidak akan dilindungi. Kemudian dampak ekonomi terhadap adanya pembajakan merek adalah meruginya pemilik merek, konsumen, dan negara. Pemilik merek dirugikan karena barang hasil produksinya kalah bersaing dengan merek bajakan yang harganya relatif lebih murah. Sedangkan negara tidak mendapatkan pendapatan dari pajak penjualan. Pada hal pajak merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan negara yang cukup signifikan untuk membiayai pembangunan. Akibat pembajakan merek juga menyebabkan terjadinya pelarian modal ke luar negeri (capital flight), yang berimbas pada banyaknya pengangguran.
KEABSAHAN PEMBATALAN HIBAH AKIBAT PEMBERI HIBAH JATUH MISKIN
Authors: Adhani Oktaviana , Atmaja Bagiyo
Published: February 2020

A grant is a gift that starts in effect since it is implemented. not infrequently the grant as a voluntary gift raises problems that occur because there are other parties who raise objections to the grant. This study analyzes the validity of grants to minors represented by their mothers and the legal position of cancellation of grants due to poor grants. The research method used is normative juridical by using the statutory approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study showed that the grants for the inheritance of the giver of grants to minors and received by their mothers were legal. The provisions in the Civil Code govern that grants can be revoked and canceled The word "can be canceled", which means that the grant made is not null and void by law, but must be canceled by submitting a request for cancellation at the Court.Keywords: Grant, Agreement, Cancellation
KEBERADAAN PIDANA MATI DALAM KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA (KUHP)
Authors: Kumala Dewi Ni Komang Ratih
Published: February 2020

Capital punishment is the heaviest crime and difficult to apply in a country of law considering the death penalty is one of the acts of human rights violations, but to make someone discourage of committing a crime there needs to be rules or penalties that can provide a deterrent effect and provide security for the community from all form of crime. The purpose of writing is directed to find out the regulation of the Death Penalty in the Criminal Law Code which is stipulated in several articles in the Criminal Code and the existence of capital punishment in the legal system in Indonesia in terms of human rights perspective, which of course would be contrary to human rights, especially the right to life, however capital punishment is also needed as an effort to prevent the occurrence of crimes, especially those classified as serious
KAJIAN HUKUM PERDATA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN PERJANJIAN TIDAK TERTULIS DALAM KEGIATAN BISNIS
Authors: Agus Vijayantera I Wayan
Published: February 2020

Perjanjian tidak tertulis merupakan perjanjian yang sering digunakan dalam transaksi bisnis pada kalangan masyarakat tradisional. Keberadaan perjanjian tidak tertulis lebih lemah jika dibandingkan dengan perjanjian tertulis khususnya dalam pembuktian ketika terjadi sengketa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, adapun tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menganalisis keberadaan perjanjian tidak tertulis ditinjau dalam hukum perdata, serta menganalisis keunggulan dan kelemahan pembentukan dan pelaksanaan perjanjian tidak tertulis. Pada pembahasan, perjanjian tidak tertulis merupakan perjanjian yang sah dalam perspektif hukum perdata selama tidak bertentangan dengan Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Keberadaan perjanjian tidak tertulis didasarkan pula pada adanya asas kebebasan berkontrak yang memberikan kebebasan para pihak untuk menentukan bentuk perjanjiannya. Perjanjian tidak tertulis memiliki keunggulan berupa efisien waktu yang digunakan untuk mencapai kesepakatan serta penggunaan rasa kepercayaan dalam pembentukan dan pelaksanaan perjanjian, sedangkan kelemahannya terletak pada pembuktian perjanjian ketika terjadi sengketa.
RELEVANCE OF RIGHT TO ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION (RESD) PRINCIPLES OF INDONESIAN SOVEREIGNTY IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY (BIT)
Authors: Evi Kristhy Mutia , Murhaini H. Suriansyah
Published: February 2020

The RESD principle is relevant for protecting the sovereignty of the Indonesian state in BIT negotiations, formulations and implementation. This relevance is based on the willingness and ability of the Indonesian state to exercise its sovereign authority responsibly in managing foreign investment. Accountability of sovereignty functions in the context of foreign investment can be proven through the willingness and ability of the functions it carries to ensure the availability of political good and public good to all parties who invest in their jurisdiction. Proving the country can be done through three main principles of the implementation of state sovereignty, namely responsibly, in accordance with good governance, and international standards of civilization. These three principles are manifested in the country's willingness and ability to guarantee political good in carrying out foreign investment relations with foreign investors and partner countries. Political good in this context is democratic governance (rule of law), good governance (anti-corruption). The implication of this legitimacy is that the state is spared or even cannot be interfered by other authorities, because it has a bargaining position. Keywords: Right to Economic Self-Determination (RESD), Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), Sovereignty.
PROVISIONS ON DEATH CRIMINAL THREATS IN NARCOTIC LAW IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Malik Faissal
Published: February 2020

The threat of capital punishment is seen as an appropriate type of crime threatened against narcotics offenders with the qualifications of producers and dealers, because narcotics is a serious crime and the nature of the offenders who have a network to produce and circulate narcotics for business or economic purposes only so that their actions can cause great danger or have a profound effect on human life and national life in the political, economic, social, cultural and national defense sectors. In the end the deterrent effect with a very severe sentence, including the threat of capital punishment, became the target to achieve the goal of enacting Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics in addition to providing narcotics for health needs and scientific development, also intended to reduce the quantity of perpetrators of abuse and circulation dark narcotics. Although it is realized that with the enactment of this law, the number of drug abuse and distribution by the perpetrators does not deter and can educate producers and distributors of the sentences not proportional to their actions compared to the consequences suffered by victims. In other words, the target of the regulation of death penalty in this law is not only for death row inmates, but also for potential perpetrators who have not yet been sentenced to death. Therefore, the threat of capital punishment aims to suppress the high crime rate, which in the end the community becomes orderly, peaceful and safe. Keywords: narcotics, capital punishment, punishment
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY IN FOREST FIRE HANDLING
Authors: Nazifah Nazifah , Yarni Meri , Amin Nasution Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Since 1997 until now, forest and land fires (Karhutla) in Indonesia occur almost every year. The 2015 Karhutla incident is believed to have burned 2.61 million hectares of forest and land. In 2016, even though Indonesia was hit by La Nina, forest and land fires continued to burn forest and land area of 14,604.84 hectares. Forest and land fires have a detrimental impact on the environment, social and economy. Even the problem of fires in Indonesia has caused smoke problems for neighboring countries, especially in the Southeast Asia region. The government has tried to deal with the forest and land fires both in the form of regulations and programs, but the forest fires still occur. Several studies have shown problems in handling forest and land fires, including difficulties. The government itself is aware that forest and land fire is a multidimensional problem that requires cross-sectoral coordination to deal with it. Keywords: forest fires, Indonesia, policy
BORDER MANAGEMENT BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA IN INCREASING THE ECONOMY IN BOTH BORDER AREAS
Authors: Rantau Itasari Endah
Published: February 2020

Border governance is a necessity for Indonesia as an archipelagic country bordering maritime and / or land with other countries. Indonesia is located geographically between two continents and two oceans and no less than 17,504 islands. the border region has a very strategic multifunctionality. Politically, border areas provide legal certainty for internal and external sovereignty, both in the context of managing government administration and applying national law and in engaging with other countries. The existence of clarity of this border region will also provide legal certainty for a country for the utilization and management of natural resources contained in its territory for the benefit of the prosperity of the whole community. Border management must also be aimed at the prosperity of the people, especially those living on the border. The development of socio- economic activities to improve the socio-economic well-being of people at the border is very important because it will directly and indirectly strengthen the security aspects at the border. As a "front page & quot; the creation of prosperity at the border will contribute positively to the conditions of security and defense, both regionally and nationally. Keywords: borders, boundary management, economy
Antagonismo de microorganismos nativos sobre Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary aislada de Solanum tuberosum L.
Authors: Harris Valle Citlalli , Bonilla Pioquinto Efren , Palafox Rodríguez Martín
Published: February 2020

El manejo inadecuado de las enfermedades en cultivos de la papa origina que algunas especies patógenas generen resistencia a diversos plaguicidas. Esto incrementa el uso de agroquímicos que ocasionan contaminación en el suelo y el agua, lo cual daña la salud humana. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (causante del tizón tardío) limita la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y provoca pérdidas económicas importantes. Este tubérculo se produce en la región nororiental de Puebla, México, y está documentada la presencia de tizón tardío, el cual es controlado con la aplicación de fungicidas sintéticos. En el presente estudio se evaluó la inhibición antagónica in vitro de dos microorganismos nativos (Trichoderma sp. y Pseudomona sp.), aislados de la rizósfera de una solanácea silvestre (en las inmediaciones de un cultivo de papa), sobre el desarrollo de P. infestans procedente de plantas infectadas. Se hicieron pruebas utilizando a los antagonistas de manera independiente y en combinación. Y se determinó el efecto del antagonista sobre el patógeno con base en el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial, en el caso del hongo el tipo de interacción hifal, la capacidad y forma antagónicas. Se observó que el hongo puede inhibir indirectamente el crecimiento de P. infestans (alrededor de 50 %), mientras que la inhibición directa con ambos microorganismos evaluados por separado es de más de 65 %. El tratamiento utilizando la combinación de Pseudomona-Trichoderma disminuyó el crecimiento en mayor proporción (80 %-92 %) que cualquiera de los antagonistas evaluados de manera independiente. A pesar de que la bacteria disminuye el crecimiento del hongo antagonista, Trichoderma sp. produce compuestos que afectan indirectamente al fitopatógeno, lo que origina un efecto sinérgico entre los dos microorganismos nativos para disminuir el desarrollo del patógeno en cultivos in vitro. Se considera importante diseñar una estrategia para la utilización de microorganismos presentes en los suelos de la región (nativos) como agentes que reduzcan la incidencia de tizón tardío.
TINGKAT PLOIDI PAKU SAYUR (Diplazium esculentum) PADA KETINGGIAN YANG BERBEDA DI GUNUNG MERBABU, BOYOLALI, JAWA TENGAH, INDONESIA
Authors: Wulandari Anggun , Rahmawati Rina Dian
Published: February 2020

Pada tumbuhan paku sering terjadi fenomena poliploidi dan salah satu penyebab yang diduga dapat menimbulkan peristiwa poliploidi adalah suhu dingin. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ploidi paku sayur (Diplazium esculentum) pada ketinggian yang berbeda di Gunung Merbabu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Objek yang digunakan adalah tumbuhan paku Diplazium esculentum yang diambil dari ketinggian yang berbeda (±500 mdpl, ±1500 mdpl, dan ±2500 mdpl) di salahsatu gunung tinggi Indonesia, yaitu Gunung Merbabu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat ploidi Diplazium esculentum pada ketinggian yang berbeda. Tumbuhan paku Diplazium esculentum yang berada pada ketinggian ±500 mdpl menunjukkan hasil tipe sitologi diploid (2n) yang memiliki jumlah rata-rata kromosom adalah 54,2; pada ketinggian ±1500 mdpl menunjukkan hasil tipe sitologi triploid (3n) yang memiliki jumlah rata-rata kromosom adalah 80,533; sedangkan pada ketinggian ±2500 m dpl memiliki jumlah rata-rata kromosom sebanyak 105,333 dengan hasil tipe sitologi tetraploid (4n). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat ploidi Diplazium esculentum pada masing-masing ketinggian di Gunung Merbabu.
Fitoremediasi Logam Kromium di Tanah Sawah dengan Rami (Boehmeria nivea) dan Environmental Health Agriculture System (EHAS)
Authors: Aji Alfian Chrisna , Masykuri Mohammad , Rosariastuti Retno
Published: February 2020

Chromium metal is one of the heavy metal wastes from various industries and is persistent for the agricultural environment, especially in rice fields. Chromium metal can change biodiversity and ecosystem function in paddy soil. Chromium metal phytoremediation that pollutes paddy soils with hemp (Boehmeria nivea) is important because paddy soils play a role as a living medium for food crops, especially rice (Oryza sativa). One indicator of the success of phytoremediation is the reduction of chromium metal content in the soil, so it requires a policy system to maintain a healthy environmentally friendly agriculture. This study aimed to determine the ability of Boehmeria nivea to reduce levels of chromium metal in the soil and provide policy solutions to keep environmentally healthy agriculture. This study used a complete randomized block design, random sampling of chromium metal data. The results showed the initial concentration of chromium metal in the soil was 2.36 ppm, after treatment with the interaction between Agrobacterium sp. I3 with Boehmeria nivea (P0B1T1) and interaction of organic matter (compost) with Boehmeria nivea (P0B2T1) obtained Cr 1.37 ppm metal content with a decrease of 42.01%. The resulting policy solution is the Environment Health Agriculture System (EHAS). The conclusion of this study was phytoremediation of chromium metal using Boehmeria nivea combined with the Environment Health Agriculture System can create a healthy environmentally friendly agricultural system.
Efek Penambahan Limbah Lokal Jerami Dan Sekam Padi Bagi Pertumbuhan Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Shobah Afifah Nur , Oktavia Swastika
Published: February 2020

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a group of microscopic fungi that are used as food.  P. ostreatus is cultivated in an artificial medium derived from sawdust and has been sterilized. However, the use of sawdust also has problems. Straw and husk of rice can be used as mushroom growing media because they contain organic ingredients such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This study aimed to know the growth of white oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) on straw and husk of rice as an artificial medium and to know the best composition of straw and husk of rice that can be got highly produced of white oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus). The methods of this research were experimental with ten treatments and included several stages including preparation of tools, materials and research sites, the stage of cultivation of P. ostreatus and data collection. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of 40 experimental units. The results obtained were the most optimal P. ostreatus mycelium growth in K1J2S1 treatment with a mean growth rate of 30,60 cm / 30 days, the highest wet weight was K3J1S0 which was 85,83 g while the highest dry weight was in K1J2S1 treatment that is equal to 8,71 g.
Risiko Pemanfaatan Air Baku POKMAIR Watumalang Melalui Tinjauan Cemaran Koliform
Authors: Pujiyati Pujiyati , Setyono Prabang , Wiryanto Wiryanto
Published: February 2020

Watumalang, Wonosobo, is a district with substantial spring utilization (60.66%). Limited management in quality of water utilization is considered a risk to health, especially from coliform contamination. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of using raw water of POKMAIR group (spring users), specifically from the coliform aspect. The study was conducted primarily by water sampling and respondent questionnaires. Data analysis was performed descriptively and correlatively. The result shows that 71% of water samples did not meet the requirements as clean water from the coliform aspect. Utilization risk assessment shows that 37.5% of high-risk villages. Further analysis shows that the closest relationship to coliform was the ownership of sanitation facilities (r -0,381).
Identifikasi Staphylococcus aureus Pada Abon Sapi Di Pasar Pahing Kota Kediri
Authors: Widianingsih Mastuti , Setyorini Dian Catur
Published: February 2020

Contamination of processed beef foods such as abon can be caused by various types of microbes, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus can cause various infections, both on the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or endocarditis. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in beef abon sold in Pahing Market, Kediri. Abon used is non-branded beef abon which is as many as 10 samples obtained by total sampling technique. Samples were tested by observation of colony morphology through Gram staining, mannitol fermentation test, catalase and coagulase test, and acetoin test. The samples were inoculated on Broth NaCl (ink. 24 hour-37°C), then inoculated on MSA (ink. 24 hour-37°C), and VP (ink. 2x24 hours-37°C). Catalase and coagulase tests were carried out by taking colonies on MSA media. The results showed that there were 9 abon samples contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus as indicated by Gram positive staining results, positive (perfect) mannitol fermentation, and positive acetoin, catalase, and coagulase test. The causes of contamination are contaminated abon ingredients, the manufacturing process using less sterile tools, poor handling and processing, processing food with dirty hands, food stored without cover, sick food processors, and dirty markets
Optimasi Metode 1H-NMR Profiling pada Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica)
Authors: Dwiseptianti Caroline , Susanto Febri Adi , Purwestri Yekti Asih , Nuringtyas Tri Rini
Published: February 2020

The use of medicinal plants is increasing due to the lack of side effects caused and the number of bioactive compounds that cannot be represented by synthetic chemical synthesis compounds. However, the management and use of natural medicines for the main handling of diseases are often hampered by the quality of the ingredients which are low and unstable. The standardized quality control system of OAI (Indonesian Natural Medicine) is the main key to improve clinical assurance and safety of the use of herbal medicines in Indonesia. One of the medicinal plants known to the public is Curcuma longa L. (turmeric). The main active components contained in turmeric are curcumin, demetoksikurkumin, bis-demetoksikurkumin, and ar-turmeron. Information about the quality of turmeric is needed in its use as a raw material for drugs so we need an analytical technique that is able to identify the diversity of metabolite profiles of active compounds. In this research, an optimization method is used to improve efficiency in the extraction of turmeric rhizome metabolites so that the best solvent concentration is known for the analysis of fingerprinting secondary metabolites with 1H-NMR 500 MHz spectroscopy in turmeric rhizomes. The results were analyzed with MNOVA software and chemical shift obtained compared with the reference. From the results obtained a concentration of methanol-d4 (CD3OD) 100% able to extract curcumin better than other solvents. The solvent is able to extract saccharide (sugar) compounds in the form of sucrose, amino acids and fatty acids in the form of methionine, glutamine, acetate, and glycero phospho choline.
Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Siklus Hidup Lalat Buah (Drosophila melanogaster)
Authors: Suharsono Suharsono , Nuryadin Egi
Published: February 2020

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) generally have four phases in their life cycle, namely eggs, larvae, pupae and imago. In general, Drosophila melanogaster experiences a life cycle of 8-11 days at optimal temperatures. At lower temperatures the time required to complete its life cycle is relatively longer and slower which is around 18-20 days. Whereas at higher temperatures adult flies that grow will be sterile. The development period of Drosophila melanogaster in its life cycle is influenced by several factors, namely ambient temperature, food availability, level of maintenance density and light intensity. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the life cycle of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). The study will be analyzed using quantitative analysis using randomized block design (RBD) with six temperature difference treatments for each treatment and repeated 4 times so that there are 24 experiments. The results showed the development in the Drosophila melanogaster cycle starting from Egg - Larva (Instar I) - Larva (Instar II) - Larva (Instar III) - Pre Pupa - Pupa - Imago. The life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster has an average of 42.08 hours or 1.75 days up to 79.96 hours or 3.33 days in each treatment. And obtained a fast time during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster at a temperature of 30°C is 10.47 days and the longest at a temperature of 18°C is 18.35 days.
Struktur Komunitas Ekosistem Mangrove Di Teluk Serewe Pulau Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Mahajoeno Edwi
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to obtain the value of density, frequency, mangrove cover and the mangrove importance index (INP Mangrove) The method used for belt transects. The quadratic transect method measures 10 m x 10 m (tree category), 5 m x 5 m (sapling category) and 2 m x 2 m (seedling category). The results found that the mangrove community in Serewe Bay, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Tree strata are dominated by Sonneratia alba species, pole strata are dominated by Sonneratia alba species and the seedling strata are dominated by Pemphis acidula. This shows that the existence of these three types can be found in almost every plot / plot. The Importance Value Index (INP) of mangroves obtained is classified as moderate, this shows that mangroves in Serewe Bay, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara have an important role for the coastal environment.
Daya Tetas Telur Aedes aegypty Strain Japan Yang Disimpan Selama Seminggu Pada Suhu Ekstrem
Authors: Surya Permadi I Gede Wempi , Taviv Yulian , Ambarita Lasbudi Pertama
Published: February 2020

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the environmental health problems that several case increasing the number of patients and the wider area of distribution. The spread of dengue is influenced by several factors such as the vector disease, the behavior of people and the environment. In some sub-tropical countries is like  in the winter season , a number of   Aedes albopictus is found the eggs can still hatch at temperatures 0,5◦C. Eggs that will be tested for each treatment amounted to 100 eggs and had been through the process selected.  The research carried in Parasitology and Entomology Labolatories, South Sumatra. The research was conducted from March to December 2014. In a multivariate test showed that the interaction of temperature and storage time affect the hatchability of eggs of Aedes aegypti strain Japan. Humidity and temperature can influence one of the insects are mosquitoes. At a certain temperature and humidity mosquitoes can not do the lifecycle and inhibite the morfology. The conclusion of this research is the cold storage and extreme temperature influence to eggs hacthingof Strain Japan the Aedes aegypti. Suggestions in this research is the public should continue to implement programs 3M plus, due to the Aedes eggs can survive in cold weather.
Pengaruh Pasta Tomat Terhadap Kolesterol Darah Mencit
Authors: Nugraheni Febriani Sarwendah Asri , Jailani Jailani , Purwati Sri
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of tomato paste on blood cholesterol in mice. It was an experimental study using a complete randomized study design consisting of four treatments P0, P1, P2, and P3 by giving tomato paste solution in a concentration of 0%, 20%, 40% and 80% and 6 replications. Data were analyzed using Anova one path and continued with BNT with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the tomato paste solution affected the blood cholesterol of mice due to Fhit (3.27) F tab (3.10) and the treatment that gave the greatest effect was on giving the concentration of tomato paste solution by 80%.