bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-situ Product Recovery as a Strategy to Increase Product Yield and Mitigate Product Toxicity
Authors: Ng Yuen Ling , Kuek Yi Yang
Published: September 2013

Product inhibition is often the cause limiting the maximum product concentration attainable in fermentation.
This study showed the product yield of p-cresol could be improved by in-situ product recovery (ISPR). Escherichia coli
transformed with the hpd BCA operon from Clostridium difficile was shown in this study to express phydroxyphenylacetate
decarboxylase which converted p-hydroxyphenylacetate into p-cresol under anaerobic fermentation.
Toxicity of p-cresol found at a concentration as low as 5 mM in a broth spiked with p-cresol was shown to have limited
the maximum product concentration at 1 ± 0.1 mM after 30 hours of batch fermentation. Product yield was however
shown to increase by 51% when activated carbon was used to remove p-cresol in-situ production. The activated carbon
concentrated p-cresol on the solid adsorbent which was subsequently separated by sedimentation and p-cresol recovered
by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction. Desorption of p-cresol from the spent activated carbon allowed the adsorbent to
be regenerated for further product recovery. The ISPR strategy reported here was shown to improve the yield of a toxic
product, was sustainable, and when adapted to a continuous process would increase productivity.
Basic characteristics of the development of Serbian philosophical periodicals
Authors: Lolic Marinko
Published: September 2013

This work discusses the creation, development, and key characteristics of
philosophical periodicals in Serbia, as one of the most important
institutional pillars for the development of a philosophical culture. The
author shows that Serbian philosophical periodicals played a significant role
in the development and dissemination, not only of its primary goal,
philosophical culture, but also in building general standards of criticism,
necessary for critical thinking in science and our society. At the end of the
account, the author emphasizes that Serbian philosophical periodicals, in
over a century of development, have managed to establish a broad
philosophical communication with various traditions, directions and streams
of philosophical thought. However, due to strong ideological breaks in
history, it was not able of maintaining the continuity necessary for
establishing clear and strong scientific criteria in assessing philosophical
output and other philosophical activity in our milieu.
Investigation as support in teaching philosophy the first decade of the journal Arche
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: September 2013

The author describes the first decade of the philosophical journal Arhe,
founded by the Department of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad in 2004. From
the very beginning, the editorial policy has put a strong emphasis on topics
related to the current curriculum, in order to broaden and deepen the present
bibliography with original contributions mostly written by university
professors and instructors. A recognizable feature of the journal is that it
gives an opportunity to young authors to publish their first articles, and
does so in a great number of languages. By means of a problem oriented
critical outline of the general idea of the journal Arche, the author
presents the leading topics, the choice which has guided the works in
translation, guest lectures, round tables and other activities recorded
within the journal?s sections.
The reality of lies
Authors: Raspa Venanzio
Published: September 2013

A lie is neither a false proposition, nor a mistake, nor a mere fiction; it
is a type of fiction, an act, and precisely an intentional act. An act calls
for a subject, and therefore a lie is inseparable from its subject. Together,
they make up a real object: it has to be real, since a lie produces effects,
and the cause-effect relationship only holds between real beings. Like every
real object, a lie unfolds in a (phenomenological) context. But there is
more: it identifies a (dialectical) context.
Knowledge and tradition in Clement of Alexandria
Authors: Ivanovic Filip
Published: September 2013

One of the most important exponents of the School of Alexandria, Clement of
Alexandria (ca. 150. - ca. 215.) is the author of a famous trilogy,
consisting of Protrepticus, Paedagogus, and Stromata, which correspond to the
three ways of acting of the Logos, namely to convert the pagans to the true
faith, to cure the soul from passions, and to uplift the soul to the methodic
and intellectual life of spiritual perfection. Logos thus acts through
exhortation, training, and teaching. Clement considers himself to be the
guardian of the Apostolic tradition and takes the task of conserving this
tradition, which consists of cosmological and theological truths. With that
goal in mind, the Alexandrian talks about the relation between pagan
philosophy and Christianity, allegorical interpretation of the Scripture, the
need of revealing and concealing the knowledge, which, in order to be
correctly understood, has to be interpreted in accordance with the tradition.
The intention of this short article is to point out these concepts and their
connections in the way Clement sees them.
Prediction of thermophysical and transport properties of ternary organic non-electrolyte systems including water by polynomials
Authors: Djordjevic Bojan , Kijevcanin Mirjana , Radovic Ivona , Serbanovic Slobodan , Tasic Aleksandar
Published: September 2013

The description and prediction of the thermophysical and transport properties
of ternary organic non-electrolyte systems including water by the polynomial
equations are reviewed. Empirical equations of Radojkovic et al. (also known
as Redlich-Kister), Kohler, Jacob-Fitzner, Colinet, Tsao-Smith, Toop,
Scatchard et al. and Rastogi et al. are compared with experimental data of
available papers appeared in well know international journals (Fluid Phase
Equilibria, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Journal of Chemical
Thermodynamics, Journal of Solution Chemistry, Journal of the Serbian
Chemical Society, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Journal of
Molecular Liquids, Thermochimica Acta, etc.). The applicability of empirical
models to estimate excess molar volumes, VE, excess viscosities, ?E, excess
free energies of activation of a viscous flow,
Constancy of the angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the sella-nasion line: A nine-year longitudinal study
Authors: Huh Young Jae , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Kim Hong-Kyun , Nam Shin-Eun , Song Hye Yoon , Lee Joo-Hoon , Park Young-Seok
Published: September 2013

Objective:

To investigate the constancy of the angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH) and the sella-nasion line (SN) using longitudinal data.

Materials and Methods:

Longitudinal lateral cephalometric data of 223 children (116 girls and 107 boys) from 6 to 14 years of age were used. The angle between FH and SN (SNFH), the distance from FH to the nasion (NFH), the distance from FH to the sella (SFH), and the differences between the NFH and SFH (Δ) were also measured. All data were analyzed statistically using independent t-tests and mixed-effect regression model analysis.

Results:

The mean SNFH values showed some minor fluctuations, ranging from 9.26° to 9.74° in girls and 8.45° to 8.95° in boys. The mean NFH and SFH values gradually increased according to age irrespective of sex. There were statistically significant differences by sex for all measurements at several ages. The annual change in SFH and Δ showed sexual dimorphism.

Conclusions:

There are variations among individuals in the angle between the FH and SN. However, within an individual, the angle does not vary significantly over time during the observation period.
Minimum energy control of positive discrete-time linear systems with bounded inputs
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: September 2013

The minimum energy control problem for the positive discrete-time linear systems with bounded inputs is formulated and solved. Sufficient conditions for the existence of solution to the problem are established. A procedure for solving of the problem is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example.
Comparison of four state observer design algorithms for MIMO system
Authors: Vinodh Kumar. E , Jovitha Jerome , Ayyappan S.
Published: September 2013

A state observer is a system that models a real system in order to provide an estimate of the internal state of the system. The design techniques and comparison of four different types of state observers are presented in this paper. The considered observers include Luenberger observer, Kalman observer, unknown input observer and sliding mode observer. The application of these observers to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) DC servo motor model and the performance of observers is assessed. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these schemes, the simulated results on the position of DC servo motor in terms of residuals including white noise disturbance and additive faults are compared.
Innovative Changes for Reaching Sustainability in Universities
Authors: Deneş Călin , Grecu Valentin
Published: September 2013

This paper presents an original approach to the changes required for the transformation of universities in sustainable universities. The focus is on the innovative approach of all activities and relationships of the university: teaching, scientific research and other services offered by the university, the relations of the university with the communities where it operates, inter-university relations, relations with business environment, etc. Based on the experience and information gathered by the authors in the strategic project “Improving University Management”, it is proposed a better, more efficient and more effective way of using the resources of universities, thus sharing the resources within the university and with others partners. Shared resources can belong not only to universities but also to their other collaborating organizations interested in the general progress of the society. This can become reality only if the universities will realize that by working together they can achieve higher performance rather than by simply competing with each other, approach which is not excluded but otherwise addressed.
Management of Sustainable, Credible and Integrated Electronic Voting (E-Voting) System For Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker M. Mesbahuddin , Islam M Nazrul
Published: September 2013

In this modern age countries worldwide evince a growing interest in electronic voting (e-Voting), which brings the idea of modernizing elections through electronic systems and provides many advantages such as efficiency, disseminating results more quickly, and in a cost-effective way. The paper gives a brief overview on recent developments of electronic voting systems in Bangladesh by using electronic voting machine (EVM) and addresses some strategies and principles in order to improve accessibility, easiness, accuracy, and security of election for better democratic process.
Quantitative Analysis of the Human Resources Development Operational Programme Supporting Start Up of Business Activity in Poland
Authors: Ślusarczyk Beata , Borycka Beata
Published: September 2013

The aim of this article is to describe the rules for the use of the European Social Fund and the assistance provided under the Human Capital Operational Programme, in particular to draw attention to one of his priorities - Market open to everyone. One of the possible actions that the priority is to grant to start a business that contributes to the development of entrepreneurship in Poland. This report presents the results of the use of European funds allocated for this purpose and the number of people who benefited from the assistance offered in the different provinces.
Sustainability in Polish Road Transport Sector
Authors: Grabara Janusz , Mihaescu Liviu
Published: September 2013

Today, road transport is the fastest-growing segment of the freight transport in Poland. Due to its dynamic development in the 90's and low barriers to entry of new transport companies the importance of this segment still growing. Low transport rates, the ability to reach every place, as well as high flexibility and reliability of supplies carried are the main advantages of this kind of transport. However, besides the advantages, road transport has disadvantages as well, and the biggest drawback of this type of transport is its negative impact on the environment through the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. In addition, road transport is characterized by high land consumption and noise. This causes that the road transport sector is one of the sectors where actions from the field of sustainable development [1] are performed. This is due to the fact that currently the sustainability issues are very important and the present generation is aware that today's action will affect the quality of life for future generations. Therefore, road transport companies introduce measures to eliminate their negative impact on the environment or on social environment. This article describes the actions aimed at the practical implementation of the concept of sustainable development, conducted by the chosen transport companies.
Parallelism of Olympic and Paralympic Sports in the light of gender stereotypes
Authors: Wiliński Wojciech
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Gender stereotypes are socially-accepted beliefs pertaining to traits characteristic for women and men as well as activities which are universally considered appropriate for them. Sport is one of the areas subject to very strong gender stereotyping, which places itself primarily among masculine values. Referring to the social tendency for using gender stereotypes, the study is aimed at determining the level of parallelism of the Olympic and Paralympic movement, which while striving for integration (close relations), at the same time is weakened by prejudice associated with disability.

Material and methods: The group of subjects consisted of students of Wroclaw University of Physical Education (N=174). They assessed Olympic sports disciplines and their Paralympic equivalents on two independent-five-degree scales: femininity and masculinity. The achieved results have been statistically analyzed by means of repeated measures ANOVA test in the following arrangement: 2 (sex of subjects: women vs. men) x 2 (sports discipline: Olympic vs. Paralympic) x 2 (gender stereotypes: femininity of sports discipline vs. masculinity of sports discipline) x 21( sports disciplines).

Results: The obtained results show that Olympic and Paralympic disciplines treated collectively in the students’ opinion are more masculine than feminine, which confirms the thesis on predominance of the stereotype of masculinity in sport. However, Olympic sports disciplines analyzed individually, occurred to be both more masculine and feminine than their Paralympic counterparts.

Conclusions: In the light of gender stereotypes, paralympic sport appears to be slightly disavowed, which indicates a threat to its parallelism with the Olympic movement. It seems that prejudice connected with sports practiced by persons with disabilities as well as not a very good current situation of Polish Paralympic athletes may account for this alarming result
Evaluation of functional fitness’ participants of the Universities of the Third Age University of Physical Education in Warsaw
Authors: Rutkowska Izabela , Marszałek Jolanta , Piotrowska Joanna , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Skowroński Waldemar , Rekowski Witold , Kozdroń Ewa
Published: September 2013

Introduction: The assessment of functional fitness of older people, who took part in different forms of activities e.g. in programs which are offered by UTW, together with the information about the fitness level, can have a great importance in optimization of motor activation of older people. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the level of functional fitness and basic parameters of the anthropometric parameters of older women after 16-weeks activity program offered by University of the Third Age (UTW) at the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw.

Material and methods: Ten women at the age of 72,0±5,40 who attended UTW 1,7±0,48 years took part in the study. Women participated in the activities 2-3 a week, and the major activities were Nordic Walking and gymnastics. Moreover they had a chance to attend Tai Chi, swimming and dancing classes. The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test was used to assess women’s functional fitness. Test was done twice - during the second week and at the end of first semester. Results were evaluated with the usage of norms described for particular test trials and age groups (Jones and Rikli 2002). Measurements and evaluation of basic anthropometric parameters were done as well as Body Mass Index was calculated.

Results: At the end of the cycle of activities, it turned out that women achieved better results during the fitness tests than they had after the first test. During evaluation with the usage of norms of Fullerton Fitness Test good level of aerobic endurance, strength and coordination of tested women was noted, however the flexibility test results gave evidence of negligence in this area. It was also discovered that participation in the cycle of physical activities might have been one of the elements that caused positive, considering health, changes in anthropometric parameters of tested women. Reducing of the body mass and the percentage of the fat tissue and regular physical activity had an influence on lean body mass increase.

onclusions: Physical activities done by UTW participants during the program, where the major activities were Nordic Walking and gymnastics, had the influence on improvement of their fitness and positive changes in their anthropometric parameters.
Evaluation of chosen health behaviors of disabled athletes
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Ochal Andrzej , Kurkowska Beata , Kamiński Krzysztof
Published: September 2013

Introduction: A purpose of the work was diagnosis of chosen lifestyle elements of disabled athletes, compared to inactive disabled persons, characterized by similar kind and the degree of disability.

Material and methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted on 150 disabled persons (31 women; 119 men), from among 98 were active athletes (wheelchair fencing n=32; wheelchair rugby n=31; table tennis n=14; basketball n=9 and other disciplines n=12). Totally 52 inactive disabled persons were in a control group. Juczyński’s Inventory of Healthy Behavior (IHB - where health behaviors are being judged in four categories: eating habits, preventive behaviors, the psychological attitude and health practice) and an author's questionnaire about lifestyle were used as a research tool.

Results: Results show that physically active persons are paying the greater attention to healthy lifestyle than non-active. The total rate of health behaviors (HBR) was higher in the group of athletes (p=0.071). The biggest differences (p=0.000) were noted in eating habits and the smallest in preventive behaviors (p=0.408). Disabled athletes more easily cope with typical problems of the everyday life (like architectural barriers, social isolation). Also they have more often undertake paid work and take part in other fields (culture, tourism).

Conclusions: During examination a positive effect of the practicing sport on health behaviors, the frame of mind, self-assessment and participation in the social and professional life was proved. So it seems reasonable to promote sport and physical activity among disables people.
The State of Knowledge at Warsaw Universities about the Occurrence and Reasons for the Syndrome of Spinal Pain at the society
Authors: Bartosiewicz Zygmunt
Published: September 2013

Introduction: The aim of this work is to discover how deep is the knowledge of students graduating from three different Warsaw universities The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , The Medical University of Warsaw and the Warsaw University of Technology) about the occurrence of and reasons for the syndrome of spinal pain.

Material and methods: In research took part 150 students from V year of study from three Warsaw universities. 50 of them were from the Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 50 from the Medical University of Warsaw and 50 from the Warsaw University of Technology. The students were interviewed at the end of January and in February 2010 with a specially created questionnaire.

Results: The state of knowledge about the occurrence and reasons of the syndrome of spinal pain at the society of students of Warsaw colleges is varied depending on the college of graduation. The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw and Medical University of Warsaw interviewees drew analogous and satisfactory levels of knowledge but the Warsaw University of Technology students showed serious deficiencies.

Conclusions: The state of knowledge about the occurrence and reasons for the syndrome of spinal pain at the society of students of Medical University of Warsaw and The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw is sufficient and satisfactory but it is definitely too low in case of Warsaw University of Technology students. Students from the last group did not realize that spinal problems relate also to young people. It is worth promoting knowledge about preventing spinal problems among all students, starting at a very early stage of their studies, so as not to allow those problems to develop just before those young people start their carriers in the labor market.
Evaluation of selected forms of physical activity of older people - pilot study
Authors: Ogonowska-Słodownik Anna
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Regular physical activity can prevent sharp decline in the level of physical fitness of older people [1]. Both the quantity and quality of physical activity are important [2]. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected forms of physical activity of older people in terms of intensity of effort.

Material and methods: In the study participated 10 women at the age of 73.6 ± 6.5 years, from the Third Age University at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The study included four forms: gymnastics, Nordic walking, dancing and Tai Chi. The study used IDEEA device (Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity) and a pulse recorder (Polar). In addition, each of the woman immediately after class evaluated its intensity with the 20 points Borg Scale.

Results: The results indicate a large diversity of physical activity in terms of work done, energy consumption, heart rate. Nordic Walking classes were most intense (2.8 kJ/min, 3.5 kcal/min, 101.5 beats/min) and Tai Chi was least intense (0.5 kJ/min, 1.6 kcal/min , 65 beats/ min). Subjective evaluation of intensity (Borg Scale) of the trainings confirms the values obtained by the objective methods - quite heavy (14 points) in Nordic Walking and very light (10 points) in Tai Chi.

Conclusions: There is a need for a reliable analysis of proposed forms for the elderly in Poland. Using multiple measurement tools will help to increase the objectivity of the evaluation and defining their impact on the capabilities of older people. A comprehensive assessment can be used in programming physical activity for older people.
Ergotrophic and trophotropic relaxation techniques as a way of patient’s pain management - pilot study
Authors: Kulmatycki Lesław , Katarzyna Torzyńska , Boroń-Krupińska Krystyna
Published: September 2013

Introduction: In Wroclaw experiment investigated whether and to what extent participation in a four-day short courses relaxation affects the experience of pain and whether there is a difference in the experience of pain in participants of trophotropic and ergotropic relaxation activities.

Material and methods: Participants according to preferences of strategy of how to cope with pain were assigned to the two groups. Ergotropic relaxation group was represented at trial by a "movement meditation" concern practice-oriented activity of the body and body work. Trophotropic relaxation group was represented at trial by "meditation seat" and focus more on the content of consciousness while maintaining the passivity of the body. The experiment was performed in the Psychology Unit (University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw) in the relaxation room. Fourteen people took part in this research (10 women and 4 men in the age between 35-55). During experiment all individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire CSQ (Coping Strategies Questionnaire) A.C. Rosenstiel'a and F.J. Keefe'go and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) as a pain scale. VAS scale was used before (pre-test) and after (post-test) relaxation training.

Results: Both groups, ergotropic as well as trophotropic, reduced experience of pain. After relaxation session (post-test) according to VAS scale the mean score of the ergotropic relaxation group was 2,7 and for trophotropic group - 3,8. It was statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions: The experiment showed that the technique of dynamic relaxation was more effective in reducing pain. Perhaps the choice of relaxation techniques aimed at changing the perception of discomfort, we should take into account the ability of how to cope and reduce pain. Perhaps this is the most important factor when choosing a specific relaxation technique
Impact of local cryogymnastic on functional efficiency, quality of life and pain perception among patients with gonarthrosis
Authors: Pop Teresa , Skrzypek Bartłomiej , Pop Katarzyna , Rusek Wojciech
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Gonarthrosis is the most common disease of peripheral joints. Among population of developing countries, it concerns about 70% of people over 65 year of age. Because its chronic, progressive and irreversible nature it is one of the most common cause of work incapacity. It is also a common cause of disability in people in six decade of life.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryogymnastic on quality of life and functional efficiency of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Material and methods: The study consisted of group of 50 people diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee (gonarthrosis). Patients were tested twice. First examination was conducted before the start of therapy, a second examination was conducted after 10 treatments cryotherapy. To evaluate the results of cryogymnastic we used goniometric measurement, WOMAC questionnaire and functional test Up & Go.

Results: We found that applied local cryotherapy and exercise in studied group had been effective in increasing joint range of motion, improving quality of life and patients’ functional efficiency.

Conclusions:

1. Our treatment for patients with knee arthritis after local cryotherapy and exercises improved significantly joint range of motion, quality of life and functional efficiency.

2. Local cryotherapy is a safe procedure and well tolerated by patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Ethics and EBM in physiotherapy and in occupational therapy
Authors: Fijałkowska Barbara
Published: September 2013

While there is a plenitude of analyses of moral issues in medicine and biomedical sciences, there is much less on related fields as physiotherapy or occupational therapy. Obviously, most of moral principles for physicians applies also to physiotherapists and occupational therapists as well. However there are some specific differences between medical “main stream” and related sciences.

Primo, physiotherapist and occupational therapist provide care to an exceptional kind of patient: to a person with disability. That makes the range of professional and moral obligations also exceptional. It is visibly clear with the use of ICF (International Classification of Functioning) in a complex definition of disability.

Secundo, in physiotherapy and occupational therapy there is a slightly different kind of relationship between patient and therapist: it is much more profound and much more personal, what imposes specific moral obligations towards patients.

Tertio, EBM (Evidence Based Medicine) has different meaning and different role in related fields. As EBM is a core of current medicine, it has to be re-defined for the use of physiotherapy and occupational therapy.

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is characterized not only as a procedure of clinical reasoning but also as a system of hierarchy of scientific research and scientific publications. Then four classes of constraints of EBM are examined, based on philosophy and ethics, concerning Randomized Controlled Trials as golden standard of evidence and treating EBM as a kind of matrix of clinical reasoning. On such basis the place of EBM in physiotherapy and occupational therapy is being indicated. The main issue of the article is EBM in physiotherapy and occupational therapy, as it focuses all the differences of the first and of the second type. In the end, the coordination model is discussed as it ensured the career of EBM in physiotherapy and occupational therapy.
Comparison of the level of coordination motor abilities in boys with sensory impairments and able-bodied peers
Authors: Rutkowska Izabela , Stranowska Katarzyna , Molik Bartosz , Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Koc Krzysztof , Kaźmierska Kalina
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Looking for solutions to improve physical fitness of persons with sensory impairments, both in the context of physiotherapy and the creation of adapted physical activity programs in the physical education and extracurricular activities, it seems important to determine the effect of sensory impairments at the level of coordination motor abilities (CMA). The aim of the study was to compare the coordination motor abilities of blind, deaf and able-bodied boys aged 14-17.

Material and methods: The research was carried out on 37 boys: totally blind students (14) from the Education Centre for Blind Children in Laski, deaf students (18) from Deaf Institute in Warsaw and able-bodied peers (15) from School No.51 in Warsaw. The following tests evaluating selected CMA were used in the research: spatial orientation, dynamic balance, high frequency of movement, rhythmicising, kinesthetic differentmiation, connection of movement. Participants performed motor tests such as: walking into goal, turn on a bar of a gym bench, flat tapping, rhythmic drumming of upper and lower limbs, long jump at 50% capacity, transfering a gym stick, skiping with clapping under the knees, The Starosta Global Coordination Test. Measurements and evaluation of basic anthropometric parameters were done as well as Body Mass Index was calculated. Means of results of every tests were evaluated through nonparametric Krauskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance between the groups was determined using the U Mann-Whitney test.

Results: Coordination motor abilities differentiated the groups of boys - blind, deaf and able-bodied. The lowest level of the CMA was obtained in a group of blind boys and there were only little differences between the deaf and able-bodied participants. For the blind boys the most difficult test was rotation on the bench gym, which may indirectly indicate low level of dynamic balance.

Conclusions: The ability to rhythmic whole body and spatial orientation were the CMA that needed improvement in the group of deaf boys. There is no correlation between the results obtained in tests of CMA and body height, weight, BMI and age of individuals
Cooper and Shuttle Run Test in Young Students: Results and Correlations
Authors: Lovecchio Nicola , Merati Matteo , Guasti Mauro , Casolo Francesco , Eid Luca
Published: September 2013

Young people performance is often used to define the well-being and physical activity level. Several studies were assessed in school environments where more sedentary students were recruitable. As such, over 3800 students were tested with Shuttle Run Test (5m x 10) and Cooper endurance test during Physical Education classes. Shuttle Run Test was assessed according to the instructions given by Eurofit battery while the endurance trial was run in the playing field of each school. All phases of the test were run by teachers who collected data. During growth, males and females followed different trends: females showed the highest peak between 11 and 12 years while males between 13 and 14 years. Between 11 and 14 females increased their weight by about 10 kgs, while males gained 16 kgs. During Shuttle Run Test, the mean time spent performing the trial was 19,27 sec (M) and 20,25 sec (F). In both sexes the 13 and 14 year-old students were quickest while the 12 year-old students were the slowest. Males performed the test between 3200 m and 810 m while females performed 1795 m (on average). Statistical differences were found only between Cooper test and gender in all age groups. Disinclination for active life style is widespread however school education programs could reach all young people and arrange the tendency of students towards sport and well being.
History of Tour de France from the Geographical Point of View
Authors: Bačík Vladimír , Klobučník Michal
Published: September 2013

The Tour de France, a three week bicycle race has a unique place in the world of sports. The 100th edition of the event took place in 2013. In the past of 110 years of its history, people noticed unique stories and duels in particular periods, celebrities that became legends that the world of sports will never forget. Also many places where the races unfolded made history in the Tour de France. In this article we tried to point out the spatial context of this event using advanced technologies for distribution of historical facts over the Internet. The Introduction briefly displays the attendance of a particular stage based on a regional point of view. The main topic deals with selected historical aspects of difficult ascents which every year decide the winner of Tour de France, and also attract fans from all over the world. In the final stage of the research, the distribution of results on the website available to a wide circle of fans of this sports event played a very significant part (www.tdfrance.eu). Using advanced methods and procedures we have tried to capture the historical and spatial dimensions of Tour de France in its general form and thus offering a new view of this unique sports event not only to the expert community, but for the general public as well.
Preparation, Characterization and Compatibility Studies of Naproxen Loaded Microspheres of Cellulosic and Polymethacrylic Polymeric Blend
Authors: Akhter Sharmin , Paul Shova , Hasan Ikramul , Ayon Navid Jubaer , Haider Syed Shabbir , Reza Md. Selim
Published: September 2013

Naproxen, a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was encapsulated with cellulosic and polymethacrylic polymers to provide sustained action and to minimize gastro esophageal side effects by avoiding the release of drug in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Emulsification-solvent evaporation technique using Ethyl Cellulose, Eudragit RSPO and their combination as release retardant was the method of choice. The formulations were prepared by keeping the amount of drug fixed to 1g and the total amount of polymer fixed to 1g in which Ethyl Cellulose and Eudragit RSPO were used in varying combination. In-vitro drug release was studied in a paddle type dissolution apparatus (USP type II) for eight hours in phosphate buffer having pH 7.4. After 8 hours, the release of drug was 86.20% for F6 which contains equal amount of Ethyl Cellulose and Eudragit RS PO and 71.57% for F7 which contains only Eudragit RSPO. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson Crowell models. The correlation-coefficient values of the trend lines of the graphs showed that the formulations were best fitted with Korsmeyer-Peppas release pattern. Microspheres surface morphological study was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Drug polymer incompatibility studies were performed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The absence of endothermic melting peak of Naproxen in DSC thermogram revealed that the drug might be dispersed in the polymer as solid solution or in a metastable molecular dispersion. But the chemical integrity of Naproxen was not changed or destroyed within the microsphere which was confirmed by FTIR report. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 11-21, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16295
In vitro Antioxidant Properties of Novel ?3-Adrenoceptor Agonists Bearing Benzenesulfonamide Fragment
Authors: Sichrovska Lubica , Malik Ivan , Sedlarova Eva , Csollei Jozef , Muselik Jan
Published: September 2013

As an extension of our research, the in vitro antioxidant efficiency of perspective agonists of ?3-adrenoceptors structurally based on the aryloxypropanolamine pharmacophore, chemically 3-{4- [(alkoxycarbonyl)amino]phenoxy}-N-{2-[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-hydroxypropan-1-ammonium chlorides, was investigated. The potential of evaluated compounds to reduce relatively stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in the spectrophotometric tests was dependent on the length of the alkyl substituent of alkoxycarbonylamino moiety directly attached to phenyl ring. The elongation of given string was accompanied by the increase in the effectiveness. From the entire analyzed set, the compound containing butoxycarbonylamino group has been able to act most markedly as the reduction agent towards the DPPH radicals showing the percentage of the DPPH reduction (% DPPH) of 11.34±0.02. On the other hand, the tested derivative has shown approximately ninefold decrease in the efficiency compared to applied Trolox standard, a water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, with its %DPPH=95.45±0.02. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 23-28, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16296
Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles (Ag-NPs) and their uses for Quantitative Analysis of Vitamin C Tablets
Authors: Rashid Mamun Ur , Bhuiyan Md. Khairul Hassan , Quayum M Emran
Published: September 2013

In the present study silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were prepared by using chemical synthesis. Silver nanocolloid solution has been prepared chemically by the reduction of silver salt using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and trisodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O). Triangular silver nanoplates were also prepared by reducing silver salt using ascorbic acid which is a mild reducing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The reducing character of ascorbic acid was used to determine the amount of ascorbic acid in real sample like vitamin C tablets that are available in the market of Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 29-33, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16297
First Derivative Synchronous Spectrofluorimetric Quantification of Telmisartan/Amlodipine Besylate Combination in Tablets
Authors: Neeli Sirisha , Anuganti Haripriya , Puvvadi Sathesh Babu R , Subrahmanyam Chavali VS
Published: September 2013

A first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of telmisartan (TEL) and amlodipine besylate (AML) in combined tablet dosage form without any prior separation of components from the sample. TEL was determined at emission wavelength of 675 nm (zero-crossing wavelength point of AML). Similarly, AML was measured at 458 nm (zero-crossing wavelength point of TEL). The first derivative amplitude- concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 4-14 ?g/ml for TEL and 1-6 ?g/ml for AML. The method was validated statistically as per ICH guidelines. Limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are reported. The % assay in commercial formulation was found to be in the range 99.60  100.22 and 98.40  99.80 for TEL and AML, respectively by the proposed method and % RSD values for precision and accuracy studies were found to be less than 2. The proposed method can be successfully applied for routine analysis of TEL and AML in tablets. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 35-40, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16298
Screenings of Four Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh for Bioactivities
Authors: Sikder Md. Al Amin , Sharmin Tasnuva , Rahman AFM Mustafizur , Haque Mohammad Rashedul , Rahman Mohammad S , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: September 2013

The methanol extracts of leaves of Nephelium lappaceum L., Pandanus foetidus Roxb., Ludwigia repens Rubin. and the whole plant of Adiantum philippense L. were subjected to assays of antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity using butylated hydroxytolune and ascorbic acid as standards. The crude extract of N. lappaccam exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50= 3.93±0.25?g/ml). On the other hand, the crude methanol extracts of A. philippense and P. foetidus demonstrated significant brine shrimp lethality with LC50 values 0.50±0.84 ?g/ml and 0.58±0.73 ?g/ml, respectively as compared to the standard anti-neoplastic drug, vincristine sulfate (LC50= 0.45 ?g/ml). Weak thrombolytic activity was observed for the test samples. The crude methanol extracts of P. foetidus and N. lappaceum showed 17.31±0.82 % and 17.29±0.91 % clot lysis while standard streptokinase and water, used as positive and negative controls, demonstrated 66.77 % and 3.79 % lysis of clot, respectively. The methanol extract of whole plant of A. philippense inhibited hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis of RBCs by 53.09±1.01 % and 35.36±1.60 % as compared to 71.77 % and 42.20 % by acetyl salicylic acid, respectively. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 59-62, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16301
Effect of Aminophenyl and Aminothiahexyl α-D-Glycosides of the Manno-, Gluco-, and Galacto-Series on Type 1 Fimbriae-Mediated Adhesion of Escherichia coli
Authors: Fessele Claudia , Lindhorst Thisbe
Published: September 2013

Adhesion of bacteria to the glycosylated surface of their target cells is typically mediated by fimbrial lectins, exposed on the bacterial surface. Among the best-investigated and most important fimbriae are type 1 fimbriae, for which α-d-mannopyranoside-specificity has been described. This carbohydrate specificity is mediated by the type 1 fimbrial lectin FimH. In this account, we have employed four different set-ups to assay type 1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion, including tailor-made glycoarrays. The focus of our study was on testing FimH specificity with regard to the glycone part of a glycosidic ligand by testing a series of synthetic α-mannosides, as well as α-glucosides and α-galactosides. Unexpectedly, it was found that in solution all tested aminothiahexyl glycosides inhibit bacterial adhesion but that this effect is unspecific. Instead it is due to cytotoxicity of the respective glycosides at high mm concentrations.
High Birefringence Liquid Crystals
Authors: Dąbrowski Roman , Kula Przemysław , Herman Jakub
Published: September 2013

Liquid crystals, compounds and mixtures with positive dielectric anisotropies are reviewed. The mesogenic properties and physical chemical properties (viscosity, birefringence, refractive indices, dielectric anisotropy and elastic constants) of compounds being cyano, fluoro, isothiocyanato derivatives of biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, tolane, phenyl tolane, phenyl ethynyl tolane, and biphenyl tolane are compared. The question of how to obtain liquid crystal with a broad range of nematic phases is discussed in detail. Influence of lateral substituent of different kinds of mesogenic and physicochemical properties is presented (demonstrated). Examples of mixtures with birefringence ∆n in the range of 0.2–0.5 are given.
Bonding Schemes for Polar Intermetallics through Molecular Orbital Models: Ca-Supported Pt–Pt Bonds in Ca10Pt7Si3
Authors: Fredrickson Daniel , Doverbratt Isa , Ponou Siméon , Lidin Sven
Published: September 2013

Exploratory synthesis in the area of polar intermetallics has yielded a rich variety of structures that offer clues into the transition in bonding between Zintl and Hume-Rothery phases. In this article, we present a bonding analysis of one such compound, Ca10Pt7Si3, whose large Ca content offers the potential for negative formal oxidation states on the Pt. The structure can be divided into a sublattice of Ca cations and a Pt–Si polyanionic network built from Pt7Si3 trefoil units linked through Pt–Pt contacts of 3.14 Å. DFT-calibrated Hückel models reveal that the compound adheres well to a Zintl-like electron counting scheme, in which the Pt–Si and Pt–Pt contacts are equated with two-center two-electron bonds. The experimental electron count is in excess of that predicted by 2%, a discrepancy which is attributed to the electron transfer from the Ca to the Pt–Si network being incomplete. For the Pt–Pt contacts, the occupancy of the bonding orbitals is dependent on the participation of the surrounding Ca atoms in bridging interactions. This use of multi-center interactions isolobal to classical two-center two-electron bonds may illustrate one path by which the bonds delocalize as one moves from the Zintl phases toward the Hume-Rothery domain.
Mechanisms of Action of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Mesalazine in the Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Stolfi Carmine , De Simone Veronica , Pallone Francesco , Monteleone Giovanni
Published: September 2013

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Although conclusive evidence is still lacking, epidemiologic studies suggest that long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has chemopreventive properties against CRC. Similarly, regular consumption of mesalazine, a drug structurally related to NSAIDs, seems to reduce the risk of CRC in patients with ulcerative colitis. These observations are supported by a large body of experimental data showing the ability of such drugs to inhibit multiple pathways that sustain colon carcinogenesis. This review summarizes the current information on the molecular mechanisms by which NSAIDs and mesalazine could interfere with CRC cell growth and survival.
Comparative Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Umbilical Cord Blood as Sources of Cell Therapy
Authors: Jin Hye , Bae Yun , Kim Miyeon , Kwon Soon-Jae , Jeon Hong , Choi Soo , Kim Seong , Yang Yoon , Oh Wonil , Chang Jong
Published: September 2013

Various source-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered for cell therapeutics in incurable diseases. To characterize MSCs from different sources, we compared human bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), and umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (UCB-MSCs) for surface antigen expression, differentiation ability, proliferation capacity, clonality, tolerance for aging, and paracrine activity. Although MSCs from different tissues have similar levels of surface antigen expression, immunosuppressive activity, and differentiation ability, UCB-MSCs had the highest rate of cell proliferation and clonality, and significantly lower expression of p53, p21, and p16, well known markers of senescence. Since paracrine action is the main action of MSCs, we examined the anti-inflammatory activity of each MSC under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Co-culture of UCB-MSCs with LPS-treated rat alveolar macrophage, reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, and IL-8 via angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). Using recombinant Ang-1 as potential soluble paracrine factor or its small interference RNA (siRNA), we found that Ang-1 secretion was responsible for this beneficial effect in part by preventing inflammation. Our results demonstrate that primitive UCB-MSCs have biological advantages in comparison to adult sources, making UCB-MSCs a useful model for clinical applications of cell therapy.