bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and psychometric properties of an instrument to measure perception of aphrodisiac use among undergraduates in a southwestern Nigerian university
Authors: Fatade Olawumi Cecilia , Makinde Gabriel Ifeoluwa , Adebayo Ayodeji Matthew
Published: May 2024

A tool to measure perception of aphrodisiac use by undergraduates students of University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria was developed and validated. The study was hinged on several theories that could explain potential to use aphrodisiac among the youths. An exploratory mixed methods design was used to develop a scale to measure perception of aphrodisiac use by undergraduate students of University of Ibadan. Qualitative data collection was performed among thirty equally represented male and female students and five key informant interview participants while 919 participants completed the quantitative phase (surveys). Integration of matched qualitative themes from FGD/KII to survey domains was achieved through the ‘building approach’. Qualitative themes assessing perceptions of aphrodisiac use by university undergraduate students were used to develop original survey items as well as new survey items peculiar to research subjects. Exploratory factor analysis was deployed on polychoric correlation matrix of the items using R-statistical packages. Further model fit analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis on the items suggested by EFA as well as composite reliability and construct validity tests for the constructs. Mean Z-scores of factors were computed against socio-demographics and symptoms of aphrodisiac use among respondents that have ever used it. Most respondents (84.3%) were under 25 years, mostly male (58.4%) and singles (96.3%), with 41.3% earning ≤20,000 naira monthly. The enhanced content validity of the items from mixed method analysis yielded two major domains. Two succession of factor analyses and a structural equation modeling suggested that a first-order model is good fit for experimental data (TLI = 0.931; CFI = 0.948; SRMR = 0.047; RMSEA = 0.083). The four-factor solution to the model included: prolonged sexual performance, use without erectile dysfunction or medical advice, treatment of erectile dysfunction and recreational purposes with an internal and composite reliability that ranged from 0.62–0.92 and 0.63–0.92. The validation with socio-demographics and consequences of aphrodisiac use indicated that: Male respondents, those older than 20years, the married, those from poorly educated parent and sufferers of all related consequences had statistically significant differences with poor perception of aphrodisiac use’ domains. This validated instrument is good for assessment of perception of aphrodisiac use among students in tertiary institution albeit with caution. A version of the scale that is broadened with highly refined items and tested for high internal validity is suggested.
Qualitative multi-stakeholder evaluation of the adoption, implementation and sustainment of the school-based dietary intervention “Jump-in”
Authors: Takens Froukje E. , Indyk Indira , Chinapaw Mai J. M. , Ujčič-Voortman Joanne K. , van Nassau Femke , Busch Vincent
Published: May 2024

Background

Comprehensive school-based programs applying the WHO Health Promoting School Model have the potential to initiate and sustain behavior change and impact health. However, since they often include intervention efforts on a school’s policies, physical environment, curriculum, health care and involving parents and communities, they significantly ‘intrude’ on a complex system that is aimed primarily at education, not health promotion. More insights into and concrete strategies are therefore needed regarding their adoption, implementation, and sustainment processes to address the challenge to sustainable implementation of HPS initiatives in a primarily educational setting. This study consequently evaluates adoption, implementation and sustainment processes of Amsterdam’s Jump-in healthy nutrition HPS intervention from a multi-stakeholder perspective.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with all involved stakeholders (n = 131), i.e., Jump-in health promotion professionals (n = 5), school principals (n = 7), at-school Jump-in coordinators (n = 7), teachers (n = 20), parents (n = 50, 9 groups) and children (n = 42, 7 groups) from 10 primary schools that enrolled in Jump-in in the school year 2016–2017. Included schools had a higher prevalence of overweight and/or obesity than the Dutch average and they were all located in Amsterdam’s low-SEP neighborhoods. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis, in which the Determinants of Innovation Model was used for obtaining theory-based predetermined codes, supplemented with new codes emerging from the data.

Results

During intervention adoption, all stakeholders emphasized the importance of parental support, and accompanying workshops and promotional materials. Additionally, parents and teachers indicated that a shared responsibility for children’s health and nuanced framing of health messages were important. During implementation, all stakeholders needed clear guidelines and support structures. Teachers and children highlighted the importance of peer influence, social norms, and uniform application of guidelines. School staff also found further tailoring of the intervention and dealing with financial constraints important. For long-term intervention sustainment, incorporating the intervention policies into the school statutes was crucial according to health promotion professionals.

Conclusions

This qualitative evaluation provides valuable insights into factors influencing the adoption, implementation, and sustainment processes of dietary interventions, such as the importance of transparent and consistent intervention guidelines, clear communication regarding the rationale behind intervention guidelines, and, stakeholders’ involvement in decision-making.
A prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam in patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA: REST trial design
Authors: Seol Hee Yun , Hong Kyung Soo , Jang Jong Geol , Moon Seong Mi , Kim Sun-Hyung , Cho Jun Yeun , Yang Bumhee , Kim Seonok , Choi Chang-Min , Ji Wonjun , Ahn June Hong
Published: May 2024

Background

Remimazolam is safe and effective for moderate sedation during flexible bronchoscopy, but its safety and efficacy during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) remains undetermined. The REST trial (NCT06275594) will be a prospective randomized study of remimazolam in patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA with conscious sedation. The primary aim is to evaluate whether remimazolam is safe and effective for moderate sedation during EBUS-TBNA compared to real-world midazolam and on-label midazolam.

Methods

The REST trial will recruit 330 patients from four university hospitals with mediastinal lesions suspected of being lung cancer who are eligible for EBUS-TBNA under moderate sedation. The participants will be randomized into groups using remimazolam, real-world midazolam, and on-label midazolam (US prescribing information dosage) to perform EBUS-TBNA for procedural sedation. The primary endpoint will be procedural success using composite measures.

Discussion

The REST trial will prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam during EBUS-TBNA under moderate sedation. It will provide information for optimizing sedation modalities and contribute to practical benefits in patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06275594). Prospectively registered on 15 February 2024.
Towards inclusive learning environments in post-graduate medical education: stakeholder-driven strategies in Dutch GP-specialty training
Authors: van Moppes N.M. , Nasori M. , Bont J. , van Es J.M. , Visser M.R.M. , van den Muijsenbergh M.E.T.C.
Published: May 2024

Background

A recent study found that ethnic minority General Practice (GP)-trainees receive more negative assessments than their majority peers. Previous qualitative research suggested that learning climate-related factors play a pivotal role in unequal opportunities for trainees in post-graduate medical settings, indicating that insufficient inclusivity had put minority students at risk of failure and dropout.

Study objectives

We aimed to develop broadly supported strategies for an inclusive learning climate in Dutch GP-specialty training.

Methods

We employed Participatory Action Research (PAR)-methods, incorporating Participatory Learning and Action (PLA)-techniques to ensure equal voices for all stakeholders in shaping Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)-strategies for GP-specialty training. Our approach engaged stakeholders within two pilot GP-specialty training institutes across diverse roles, including management, support staff, in-faculty teachers, in-clinic supervisors, and trainees, representing ethnic minorities and the majority population. Purposeful convenience sampling formed stakeholder- and co-reader groups in two Dutch GP-specialty training institutes. Stakeholder discussion sessions were based on experiences and literature, including two relevant frameworks, and explored perspectives on the dynamics of potential ethnic minority trainees’ disadvantages and opportunities for inclusive strategies. A co-reader group commented on discussion outcomes. Consequently, a management group prioritized suggested strategies based on expected feasibility and compatibility.

Results

Input from twelve stakeholder group sessions and thirteen co-readers led to implementation guidance for seven inclusive learning environment strategies, of which the management group prioritized three:

• Provide DEI-relevant training programs to all GP-specialty training stakeholders;

• Appoint DEI ambassadors in all layers of GP-specialty training;

• Give a significant voice to minority GP-trainees in their education.

Conclusion

The study’s participatory approach engaged representatives of all GP-specialty training stakeholders and identified seven inclusive learning climate strategies, of which three were prioritized for implementation in two training institutions.
Differences between resident self-assessments and faculty- assessments on Anesthesiology Milestones and associated factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Xiaohan , Ruan Xia , Yu Chunhua , Yu Xuerong , Quan Xiang , Li Xu , Yuan Tangmi , Xia Di , Zhang Yuelun , Pei Lijian
Published: May 2024

Background

Accurate self-assessment is crucial for the professional development of physicians. There has been sparse data on the accuracy of self-assessments on Anesthesiology Milestones. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between resident self-assessments and faculty-assessments on Anesthesiology Milestones and the associated factors.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a general tertiary university-affiliated hospital. We included anesthesia residents who were enrolled in the standardized residency training program in postgraduate year two and three at the time of the Milestone evaluation. We requested evaluations of competencies from both the Clinical Competency Committee faculty and the anesthesia residents themselves, utilizing the Chinese version of Anesthesiology Milestones in January 2023 and January 2024. The primary outcome was the differences between self- and faculty-assessments, calculated by subtracting the faculty-rated score from the self-rated score on each subcompetency.

Results

A total of 46 and 42 residents were evaluated in year 2023 and 2024, respectively. The self-rated sum score was significantly higher than that rated by faculty [mean (standardized deviation): 120.39 (32.41) vs. 114.44 (23.71), P = 0.008 in paired t test] with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31 to 0.70]. The Bland–Altman plots revealed significant overestimation in patient care (bias 0.32, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.60), practice-based learning and improvement (bias 0.45, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.84), and professionalism (bias 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.72). Ratings from residents with master’s degrees (mean difference: -1.06, 95% CI: -1.80 to -0.32, P = 0.005) and doctorate degrees (mean difference: -1.14, 95% CI: -1.91 to -0.38, P = 0.003) were closer to the faculty-assessments than residents with bachelor's degrees. Compared with patient care, the differences between self- and faculty- rated scores were smaller in medical knowledge (mean difference: -0.18, 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.02, P = 0.031) and interpersonal and communication skills (mean difference: -0.41, 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.19, P < 0.001) in the generalized estimating equation logistic regression model.

Conclusions

This study revealed that residents tended to overestimate themselves, emphasizing the need to improve the accuracy of Milestones self-assessment. The differences between self- and faculty-assessments were associated with residents’ degrees and domains of competency.
Translation, adaptation, and validation of a Chinese version of the Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level effects (H-SCALE) for patients with hypertension
Authors: Chen Ting-Yu , Kao Chi-Wen , Cheng Shu-Meng , Liu Chieh-Yu
Published: May 2024

Background

Lifestyle modification is an essential component of prevention and management of hypertension. Existing instruments in Taiwan focus on assessing lifestyle modifications by evaluating medication adherence or confidence in controlling blood pressure. However, other self-care activities, such as diet, physical activity, weight management, smoking, and alcohol consumption are also important. The Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) is one such instrument, but there are no similar tools available in Taiwan.

Aim

This study aimed to translate the H-SCALE into Chinese and test its validity, and reliability in a sample of adults with hypertension.

Methods

The English version of the 31-item H-SCALE was translated into Chinese using the forward-backward method. The content validity index (CVI) of the translated scale was determined by five experts in hypertension. Item analysis was conducted with a pilot sample of 20 patients with hypertension. Cronbach’s α was used to establish the internal consistency reliability for the Chinese version of the H-SCALE (H-SCALE-C). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) explored the structure of the H-SCALE-C. Additionally, construct validity was examined with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Patients with hypertension were recruited by convenience sampling from a cardiovascular outpatient clinic of a medical center in northern Taiwan. A total of 318 patients met the inclusion criteria and participated in factor analysis in the study.

Results

Pilot testing of the scale items indicated most patients could not accurately estimate the number of days of alcohol consumption for the previous week. Therefore, three alcohol-related items were removed. The adaptation resulted in a 28-item H-SCALE-C. EFA revealed a 4-factor solution with 13 items that explained 63.93% of the total variance. CFA indicated a good fit for a 4-factor model and construct validity was acceptable. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha for the four subscales ranged from 0.65 to 0.94). Convergent validity was acceptable, and discriminant validity was significant.

Conclusions

The H-SCALE-C is a valid, reliable tool for promptly assessing life-style activities for patients with hypertension in Taiwan. The instrument is suitable for assisting healthcare providers in evaluating self-care activities, which could be used to facilitate lifestyle modifications for patients with hypertension.
Epidemiology and comprehensive economic impact of atrial fibrillation and associated stroke in Slovakia
Authors: Babela Robert , Baráková Anna , Hatala Robert
Published: May 2024

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. It is also a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. The main objective of our study was to identify direct and indirect costs of AF and AF-related stroke in Slovakia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective population-based study of AF and stroke related costs both from the third-party healthcare payers and societal perspective. The prevalence and incidence of AF and stroke were determined from central government run healthcare database. Further we estimated both indirect and direct costs of AF and stroke. All costs and healthcare resources were assessed from 2015 through 2019 and were expressed in the respective year.

Results

Over the 5-year study period, the prevalence of AF increased by 26% to a total of 149,198 AF cases in 2019, with an estimated total annual economic burden of €66,242,359. Direct medical costs accounted for 94% of the total cost of AF. The total cost of treating patients with stroke in 2019 was estimated at €89,505,669. As a result, the medical costs of stroke that develops as a complication of AF have been estimated to be €25,734,080 in 2019.

Conclusions

Our study shows a substantial economic burden of AF and AF-related stroke in Slovakia. In view of the above, both screening for asymptomatic AF in high-risk populations and effective early management of AF with a focused on thromboprophylaxis rhythm control should be implemented.
National trends in nine key minerals intake (quantity and source) among U.S. adults, 1999 to march 2020
Authors: Yan Xuemin , Wang Xuanyang , Zhang Jia , Ming Zhu , Zhang Can , Ma Pingnan , Liu Qianmin , Xu Yuanyuan , Cheng Licheng , Pang Xibo , Li Ying
Published: May 2024

Background

Changes in economy and dietary guidelines brought a great shock to diet quality and meal behaviors, but if these transformations have extended to minerals intake and their sources was still poorly understood. It is essential to evaluate time trends in minerals intake and their sources to inform policy makers.

Objective

To investigate trends in minerals intake and their sources among U.S. adults.

Methods

This analysis used dietary data collected by 24-h recalls from U.S. adults (≥ 20 years) in NHANES (1999-March 2020). Minerals intake, age-adjusted percentage of participants meeting recommendations, and minerals sources were calculated among all participants and by population subgroups in each NHANES survey cycle. Weighted linear or logistic regression models were used to examine the statistical significance of time trends.

Results

A total of 48223 U.S. adults were included in this analysis. From 1999 to March 2020, intake of calcium (from 0.94 to 1.02 g/day), magnesium (from 308.07 to 321.85 mg/day), phosphorus (from 1.24 to 1.30 g/day), and sodium (from 3.24 to 3.26 mg/day) from food and beverages (FB) and dietary supplements (DSs) significantly increased, and intake of iron (from 19.17 to 16.38 mg/day), zinc (from 16.45 to 14.19 mg/day), copper (from 1.79 to 1.38 mg/day), and potassium (from 2.65 to 2.50 g/day) from FB + DSs decreased (all FDR < 0.05). Additionally, age-adjusted percentage of participants meeting recommendations for calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and selenium significantly increased, that for iron, potassium, zinc, and copper decreased (all FDR < 0.05). Minerals intake and time trends in minerals intake were highly variable depending on age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income. For example, white, higher socioeconomic status participants had a higher minerals intake (e.g. iron, zinc, and copper), but had a greater decrease in minerals intake. Furthermore, the percentage of minerals from milks and DSs decreased, and that from beverages increased.

Conclusion

From 1999 to March 2020, both minerals intake and their sources experienced a significant alteration among U.S. adults. Many differences in minerals intake and their food sources across sociodemographic characteristics appeared to narrow over time. Although some improvements were observed, important challenges, such as overconsumption of sodium and underconsumption of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, still remained among U.S. adults.
Higher oxidative balance score was associated with decreased risk of erectile dysfunction: a population-based study
Authors: Xu Zhixiao , Chu Weiwei , Lei Xiong , Chen Chengshui
Published: May 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition that is thought to be significantly impacted by oxidative stress. The oxidative balance score (OBS) has been built to characterize the state of antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. There is less known regarding the relationship of OBS with ED.

Methods

This study conducted cross-sectional analyses on 1860 males who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2004. OBS was constructed by the 16 dietary components and 4 lifestyle factors. Self-reported ED was defined as men who indicated that they “never” or “sometimes” could achieve or keeping an erection adequate for satisfactory intercourse. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between OBS and the risk of ED.

Results

Among 1860 participants, the median OBS was 20 (IQR 15–26), and OBS was lower in males with ED vs. those without ED (P = 0.001). The results of our analyses indicated a negative correlation between OBS and ED among male subjects. Specifically, each one-unit increase in the continuous OBS was relate to 3% reduction in the odds of ED after full adjustment. Moreover, when extreme OBS quartiles were compared, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the 4th OBS category was 0.53 (0.32 to 0.88) after full adjustment (P for trend < 0.05). There was also statistical significance in the relationships between dietary/lifestyle OBS with ED, and the association between lifestyle OBS and ED may be even tighter. For each unit increase in lifestyle OBS, the odds of ED decreased by 11% after full adjustment.

Conclusion

Higher OBS was associated with reduced risk of ED in U.S. males. These findings suggested that adopting an antioxidant-rich diet and engaging in antioxidant-promoting lifestyle behaviors may contribute to a lower incidence of ED. These results provided recommendations for a comprehensive dietary and lifestyle antioxidants for ED patients.
New insights and novel perspectives in bileaflet mechanical heart valve prostheses thromboresistance
Authors: Vigano Giorgio , Shyam Sudip , Mitra Sushanta K. , Pollack Daniël K. M. , Mariani Massimo A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Although well-known for their thromboresistance, bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHV) require lifelong anti-thrombotic therapy. This must be associated with a certain level of thrombogenicity. Since both thromboresistance and thrombogenicity are explained by the blood-artificial surface or liquid-solid interactions, the aim of the present study was to explore BMHV thromboresistance from new perspectives. The wettability of BMHV pyrolytic carbon (PyC) occluders was investigated in under-liquid conditions. The submerged BMHV wettability clarifies the mechanisms involved in the thromboresistance.

Methods

The PyC occluders of a SJM Regent™ BMHV were previously laser irradiated, to create a surface hierarchical nano-texture, featuring three nano-configurations. Additionally, four PyC occluders of standard BMHV (Carbomedics, SJM Regent™, Bicarbon™, On-X®), were investigated. All occluders were evaluated in under-liquid configuration, with silicon oil used as the working droplet, while water, simulating blood, was used as the surrounding liquid. The under-liquid droplet-substrate wetting interactions were analyzed using contact angle goniometry.

Results

All the standard occluders showed very low contact angle, reflecting a pronounced affinity for non-polar molecules. No receding of the contact line could be observed for the untreated occluders. The smallest static contact angle of around 61° could be observed for On-X®valve (the only valve made of full PyC). The laser-treated occluders strongly repelled oil in underwater conditions. A drastic change in their wetting behaviour was observed depending on the surrounding fluid, displaying a hydrophobic behaviour in the presence of air (as the surrounding medium), and showing instead a hydrophilic nature, when surrounded by water.

Conclusions

BMHV “fear” water and blood. The intrinsic affinity of BMHV for nonpolar fluids can be translated into a tendency to repel polar fluids, such as water and blood. The blood-artificial surface interaction in BMHV is minimized. The contact between blood and BMHV surface is drastically reduced by polar-nonpolar Van der Waals forces. The “hydro/bloodphobia” of BMHV is intrinsically related to their chemical composition and their surface energy, thus their material: PyC indeed. Pertaining to thromboresistance, the surface roughness does not play a significant role. Instead, the thromboresistance of BMHV lies in molecular interactions. BMHV wettability can be tuned by altering the surface interface, by means of nanotechnology.
The association between triglyceride-glucose index and related parameters and risk of cardiovascular disease in American adults under different glucose metabolic states
Authors: Zhuang Yuansong , Qiu Liliang , Han Dongjian , Qiao Zhentao , Wang Fuhang , Jiang Qingjiao , An Quanxu , Li Yuhang , Shangguan Jiahong , Bi Xuanye , Shen Deliang
Published: May 2024

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses an array of cardiac and vascular disorders, posing a significant threat to global health. It remains unclear whether there exists an association between triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and its derived indices and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, and in particular, the strength of the association in populations with different glucose metabolisms is not known.

Methods

Data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) covering the period from 1999 to 2020, involving a cohort of 14,545 participants, were leveraged for the analysis. Statistical assessments were executed utilizing R software, employing multivariable logistic regression models to scrutinize the correlation between TyG and its associated parameters with the incidence of cardiovascular disease across diverse glucose metabolism categories. Interaction analyses and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate potential heterogeneity in associations and investigate the link between TyG and its derivatives with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the extent of variability in the predictive performance of TyG and its derived parameters for cardiovascular disease across distinct glucose metabolic statuses.

Results

This study found that TyG and its related parameters were differentially associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in different glucose metabolic states. Curvilinear correlations were found between TyG in the IFG population and TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WHtR in the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) population with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. In addition, the introduction of TyG and its derived parameters into the classical Framingham cardiovascular risk model improved the predictive performance in different glucose metabolism populations. Among them, the introduction of TyG-WHtR in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), IFG & IGT and diabetes groups and TyG in the IGT group maximized the predictive power.

Conclusions

The findings provide new insights into the relationship between the TyG index and its derived parameters in different glucose metabolic states and the risk of cardiovascular disease, offering important reference value for future clinical practice and research. The study highlights the potential for improved risk stratification and prevention strategies based on TyG and its derived parameters.
Cellular and molecular alterations to muscles and neuromuscular synapses in a mouse model of MEGF10-related myopathy
Authors: Juros Devin , Avila Mary Flordelys , Hastings Robert Louis , Pendragon Ariane , Wilson Liam , Kay Jeremy , Valdez Gregorio
Published: May 2024

Loss-of-function mutations inMEGF10lead to a rare and understudied neuromuscular disorder known asMEGF10-related myopathy. There are no treatments for the progressive respiratory distress, motor impairment, and structural abnormalities in muscles caused by the loss of MEGF10 function. In this study, we deployed cellular and molecular assays to obtain additional insights aboutMEGF10-related myopathy in juvenile, young adult, and middle-agedMegf10knockout (KO) mice. We found fewer muscle fibers in juvenile and adultMegf10KO mice, supporting published studies that MEGF10 regulates myogenesis by affecting satellite cell differentiation. Interestingly, muscle fibers do not exhibit morphological hallmarks of atrophy in either young adult or middle-agedMegf10KO mice. We next examined the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), in which MEGF10 has been shown to concentrate postnatally, using light and electron microscopy. We found early and progressive degenerative features at the NMJs ofMegf10KO mice that include increased postsynaptic fragmentation and presynaptic regions not apposed by postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We also found perisynaptic Schwann cells intruding into the NMJ synaptic cleft. These findings strongly suggest that the NMJ is a site of postnatal pathology inMEGF10-related myopathy. In support of these cellular observations, RNA-seq analysis revealed genes and pathways associated with myogenesis, skeletal muscle health, and NMJ stability dysregulated inMegf10KO mice compared to wild-type mice. Altogether, these data provide new and valuable cellular and molecular insights intoMEGF10-related myopathy.
Methylmalonic acidemia triggers lysosomal-autophagy dysfunctions
Authors: Costanzo Michele , Cevenini Armando , Kollipara Laxmikanth , Caterino Marianna , Bianco Sabrina , Pirozzi Francesca , Scerra Gianluca , D’Agostino Massimo , Pavone Luigi Michele , Sickmann Albert , Ruoppolo Margherita
Published: May 2024

Background

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a rare inborn error of propionate metabolism caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) enzyme. As matter of fact, MMA patients manifest impairment of the primary metabolic network with profound damages that involve several cell components, many of which have not been discovered yet. We employed cellular models and patients-derived fibroblasts to refine and uncover new pathologic mechanisms connected with MUT deficiency through the combination of multi-proteomics and bioinformatics approaches.

Results

Our data show that MUT deficiency is connected with profound proteome dysregulations, revealing molecular actors involved in lysosome and autophagy functioning. To elucidate the effects of defective MUT on lysosomal and autophagy regulation, we analyzed the morphology and functionality of MMA-lysosomes that showed deep alterations, thus corroborating omics data. Lysosomes of MMA cells present as enlarged vacuoles with low degradative capabilities. Notwithstanding, treatment with an anti-propionigenic drug is capable of totally rescuing lysosomal morphology and functional activity in MUT-deficient cells. These results indicate a strict connection between MUT deficiency and lysosomal-autophagy dysfunction, providing promising therapeutic perspectives for MMA.

Conclusions

Defective homeostatic mechanisms in the regulation of autophagy and lysosome functions have been demonstrated in MUT-deficient cells. Our data prove that MMA triggers such dysfunctions impacting on autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosomal activity.
Seroepidemiological survey of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia among cattle in El Jazeera State (Central Sudan)
Authors: Hussien Mohammed , Abdelhabib Eslah , Hamid Abdalsalam , Musa Azza , Fadolelgaleel Huyam , Alfaki Shima , El Hussein Abdel Rahim
Published: May 2024

Background

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an economically important infectious disease that is characterized by a variable course and insidious nature. A cross-sectional study was conducted in El Jazeera State, Central Sudan, to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of CBPP in cattle from seven localities. A total of 218 serum samples were randomly collected from apparently healthy cattle aged older than 6 months between April and May 2021 and were tested serologically using a commercial ELISA kit.

Results

The overall seroprevalence of CBPP was 50.5% (110/218). Univariate analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between sex, locality and water source and seropositivity to CBPP. Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factors (sex, locality and water source) were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). At herd level, out of 20 herds 16 (80%) proved to be positive for CBPP antibodies. It is apparent from the present study that CBPP infection is prevalent among cattle in El Jazeera State, Central Sudan.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first seroepidemiological study on CBPP infection in Central Sudan. The authors recommend major awareness both in the production area and quarantine centers, as CBPP may result in restrictions on the international trade of animals and animal products.
Patterns of alteration in boar semen quality from 9 to 37 months old and improvement by protocatechuic acid
Authors: Hu Ruizhi , Yang Xizi , Gong Jiatai , Lv Jing , Yuan Xupeng , Shi Mingkun , Fu Chenxing , Tan Bie , Fan Zhiyong , Chen Liang , Zhang Hongfu , He Jianhua , Wu Shusong
Published: May 2024

Background

Comprehending the patterns of alteration in boar semen quality and identifying effective nutritional interventions are crucial for enhancing the productivity of commercial pig systems. This study aimed to examine the alteration in semen quality in boars, and assess the impact of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on semen quality during the phase of declining semen quality.

Methods

In Exp. 1, a total of 38 Pig Improvement Company (PIC) boars were selected and their semen quality data were recorded from the age of 9 to 37 months. In Exp. 2, 18 PIC boars (28 months old) were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 6) and fed a basal diet, a basal diet containing 500 or 1,000 mg/kg PCA, respectively. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks.

Results

The semen volume, concentration, and total number of spermatozoa in boars exhibited an increase from 9 to 19 months old and showed a significant linear decreased trend in 28, 24, and 22 months old. Sperm motility displayed an upward trajectory, reaching its peak at 20 months of age, and showed a significant linear decreased trend at 20 months old. Dietary supplementation of PCA demonstrated an effect to mitigate the decrease in semen volume, concentration of spermatozoa, total number of spermatozoa (P > 0.05), and significantly increased the sperm motility (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation of 1,000 mg/kg PCA significantly increased the sperm viability (P < 0.05). Analysis on cellular signaling pathways revealed that PCA restored serum testosterone levels and alleviated oxidative damage by upregulating the expression of HO-1, SOD2, and NQO1 in testicular stromal cells. Notably, PCA can enhance phosphorylation by selectively binding to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein, thereby improving sperm mitochondrial function and augmenting sperm motility via PGC-1/Nrf1.

Conclusions

These data elucidated the pattern of semen quality variation in boars within the age range of 9 to 37 months old, and PCA has the potential to be a natural antioxidant to enhance sperm quality through modulation of the AMPK/PGC-1/Nrf1 signaling pathway.
Combination of percutaneous thermal ablation and adoptive Th9 cell transfer therapy against non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Pan Hanbo , Tian Yu , Pei Siyu , Yang Wanlin , Zhang Yanyang , Gu Zenan , Zhu Hongda , Zou Ningyuan , Zhang Jiaqi , Jiang Long , Hu Yingjie , Shen Shengping , Wang Kai , Jin Haizhen , Li Ziming , Zhang Yanyun , Xiao Yichuan , Luo Qingquan , Wang Hui , Huang Jia
Published: May 2024

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the predominant malignancies globally. Percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) has gained widespread use among NSCLC patients, with the potential to elicit immune responses but limited therapeutic efficacies for advanced-stage disease. T-helper type 9 (Th9) cells are a subset of CD4+ effector T cells with robust and persistent anti-tumor effects. This study proposes to develop PTA-Th9 cell integrated therapy as a potential strategy for NSCLC treatment.

Methods

The therapeutic efficacies were measured in mice models with subcutaneously transplanted, recurrence, or lung metastatic tumors. The tumor microenvironments (TMEs) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. The signaling molecules were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The translational potential was tested in the humanized NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model.

Results

We find that PTA combined with adoptive Th9 cell transfer therapy substantially suppresses tumor growth, recurrence, and lung metastasis, ultimately extending the survival of mice with NSCLC grafts, outperforming both PTA and Th9 cell transfer monotherapy. Analysis of TMEs indicates that combinatorial therapy significantly augments tumor-infiltrating Th9 cells, boosts anti-tumor effects of CD8+ T cells, and remodels tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. Moreover, combinatorial therapy significantly strengthens the regional and circulation immune response of CD8+ T cells in mice with tumor lung metastasis and induces peripheral CD8+ T effector memory cells in mice with tumor recurrence. Mechanically, PTA reinforces the anti-tumor ability of Th9 cells primarily through upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and subsequently activating the downstream STAT1/IRF1 pathway, which could be effectively blocked by intercepting IL-1β signaling. Finally, the enhanced therapeutic effect of combinatorial therapy is validated in humanized NSCLC PDX models.

Conclusions

Collectively, this study demonstrates that combinatorial therapy displays robust and durable anti-tumor efficacy and excellent translational potential, offering excellent prospects for translation and emerging as a promising approach for NSCLC treatment.
Isolation and expression analysis of cellulose synthase 3 (Ces3) genes from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Huang Cheng-Mei , Wu Kai-Chao , Verma Krishan K. , Luo Hai-Bin , Deng Zhi-Nian , Shi Guo-Ying , Cao Hui-Qing , Wu Xing-Jian , Ye Li-Ping , Wei Yuan-Wen , Xu Lin
Published: May 2024

Plant cellulose synthase is one of the important glycosyltransferases, which catalyzes the synthesis of the paracrystalline of H-bonded-β-(1,4)-glucose chains. This study isolated the cellulose synthase 3 (Ces3) sequence from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves. SoCes3 (GenBank accession No. MG324347) has a full-length cDNA sequence of 3625 bp. It contains an open reading frame (3225 bp), encoding 1074 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 120.89 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.26. SoCes3 protein showed high activity with other plant cellulose synthases. The recombinant protein contains plant cellulose synthase (Ces) protein conservative domains. In subcellular localization experiments, the fusion protein of SoCes3 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was specifically localized in the cell membrane. The gene expression of SoCes3 was found in the leaf, leaf sheath, and internodes of the sugarcane stem. The highest expression level was found in the internode, especially with the highest expression level in the 5th internode and lowest in the leaves, and the gene expression level of SoCes3 was upregulated by PP333 and not in gibberellic acid-treated plants. It was conducted in tobacco plants to understand the biotechnological potential of SoCes3. The contents of cellulose and lignin were increased in SoCes3-overexpressing tobacco. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the transgenic tobacco induced different genes associated with different biological regulatory processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mediated plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism signaling pathways were widely induced and mostly upregulated. The transcription levels in SoCes3-overexpressing transgenic lines were higher than wild-type.

Graphical Abstract
Formative research to adapt a cardiac rehabilitation program to breast cancer survivors: the heart health after cancer treatment (HEART-ACT) study
Authors: Chang Alison , Boyd Alisa , Leung Ivan , Trejo Evelin , Dixit Niharika , Mallidi Jaya , Win Sithu , Beatty Alexis L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Breast cancer survivors are disproportionately at risk for cardiovascular disease; exercise-based interventions may improve cardiovascular health. The objective of this formative research is to better understand the needs of patients and barriers to participation in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program for diverse breast cancer survivors in an urban safety net setting.

Methods

We recruited 30 participants (10 English-speaking, 10 Spanish-speaking, and 10 Cantonese-speaking) who had received treatment with curative intent for breast cancer from an urban safety net hospital between November 9, 2021, to August 30, 2022. Participants completed surveys and interviews about perspectives on health behaviors and participating in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using rapid template analysis with pre-selected constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, as well as emergent codes. We developed a Participant User Journey for a program based on responses and conducted human-centered design sessions with 8 participants to iteratively revise the Participant User Journey.

Results

Among 30 participants, mean age was 56.7 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.2) with 100% female sex assigned at birth; 1 participant withdrew before completing study procedures. Most participants had limited health literacy (18/29, 62%). Mean body mass index was 31.4 (SD 8.3), 21/29 (72%) had blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, and 12/29 (41%) had blood pressure below 130/80. Mean 6-minute walk distance was 384.9 meters (SD 78.3). The desired benefits of a program included healthy living and prevention of cancer recurrence. Barriers to participation included motivation, social support, transportation, and concerns about exercise safety. Participants emphasized the need for practicality, such as fitting physical activity into daily life and nutrition support, including recipes and shopping lists. Trusted experts and cultural and language concordance were viewed as important aspects of the program.

Conclusions

Through participant interviews and human-centered design sessions, we developed the HEART-ACT program, a 12-week multi-disciplinary program addressing physical activity, nutrition, emotional well-being, cardiovascular risk, survivorship, and other components if indicated (e.g., tobacco cessation). Future research will test the effects of this program on patient-centered outcomes.
The fundamental issues in promoting modern civilization of the Chinese Nation
Authors: Wang Yanzhong
Published: May 2024

Since China entered the Xi Jinping Era, the CPC has formally put forward a series of significant theories on China’s future development path, including Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. These theories have sparked active discussions and responses within both domestic and international academic and theoretical circles. This paper argues that when analyzing the major relationships between Chinese civilization and other civilizations worldwide, the Chinese path to modernization and the modern civilization of the Chinese Nation, and Chinese culture and its constituent ethnic cultures, we should further elucidate relationships and adhere to the three foundational principles: subjectivity, the contemporaneity of Chinese culture, and the arterial and leading attributes of Chinese culture, which encapsulate the core issues in fostering the modern civilization of Chinese Nation. A proper understanding and nuanced handling of these issues not only bolsters the perpetuation and evolution of China’s excellent traditional culture but also propels the trajectory of the Chinese path to modernization and the overarching construction of the modern civilization of Chinese Nation.
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep knowledge and self-efficacy among parents of young children in Canada
Authors: Bruijns Brianne A. , Bourke Matthew , Saravanamuttoo Kendall , Tucker Patricia
Published: May 2024

Background

Engaging in healthy movement behaviours in early childhood is beneficial for children’s development, and parents play a critical role in shaping movement habits during these formative years. This study aimed to explore parents’ knowledge of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (The Guidelines) and their perceived knowledge and self-efficacy of movement behaviour concepts in early childhood. The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on these variables was also examined.

Methods

Via a cross-sectional online survey with parents/guardians (n = 576) of young children in Canada, participants’ knowledge of The Guidelines (11 items), and perceived knowledge (11 items; 5-point scale) and self-efficacy (11 items; 11-point scale) of movement behaviour concepts in early childhood were examined. Descriptive statistics were calculated for independent variables and multivariate regression models were estimated to examine sociodemographic factors that were associated with participants’ knowledge and self-efficacy.

Results

Few participants (11.9%) reported to be familiar with The Guidelines. Parents were most knowledgeable about the screen time guideline for children under 2 years (75.0% correctly identified the guideline) and least familiar with the recommendation for toddler/preschooler total physical activity (14.7% correctly identified the guideline). Parents/guardians perceived they were the most knowledgeable about safe sleep practices (65.9% very/extremely knowledgeable) and least knowledgeable about muscle- and bone-strengthening activities (71.8% not at all/somewhat knowledgeable). Overall, parents/guardians were moderately confident in promoting healthy movement behaviours (M = 6.01; SD = 1.73). Participants with higher levels of education reported significantly higher perceived knowledge compared to those who were less educated (p = .004), and parents/guardians identifying as White reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy compared to parents/guardians from minority ethnic groups (p = .028). Finally, parents/guardians who were more physically active reported both higher perceived knowledge (p < .001) and self-efficacy (p < .001) than those who were less active.

Conclusion

These findings shed light on the need to raise awareness of The Guidelines among parents of young children and highlight specific movement behaviour concepts in need of focus in future training for this population. Targeted education for parents/guardians from lower socioeconomic groups is also needed to address equity concerns.