bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLUBE DE MATEMÁTICA: UM APLICATIVO DESENVOLVIDO PARA CONECTAR ALUNOS E PROFESSORES A UM BANCO DE QUESTÕES DA OBMEP
Authors: LOURENÇO SAMY DE SOUSA , SILVA VALDELÍRIO DA SILVA E
Published: May 2023

Este artigo relata o desenvolvimento e a descrição de um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis criado para ajudar os professores de matemática na preparação dos seus alunos para a prova da primeira fase da Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas (OBMEP). Inicialmente, apresenta alguns dos impactos oriundos do avanço tecnológico no ambiente escolar, destacando o que se espera de alunos e professores – principais atores do processo de ensino e aprendizagem – no novo cenário educacional. O aplicativo surgiu da necessidade de fazer com que estudantes, especialmente os de escolas públicas, tivessem mais contato com o estilo dos problemas adotados nas provas da OBMEP. O esforço dedicado ao desenvolvimento resultou no Aplicativo Clube de Matemática, uma ferramenta que permite ao professor, facilmente e de acordo com seus objetivos, criar e compartilhar com seus alunos, por meio do próprio aplicativo, atividades contendo questões de provas anteriores da OBMEP.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS TECNOLOGIAS NO ENSINO COM
ÊNFASE EM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: FRANÇA M. C. B. , BRAUN L. C. S. L.
Published: May 2023

As tecnologias expandiram-se nos últimos anos e a partir disso a utilização desses recursos no ensino também cresceram. A sociedade está inserida na realidade tridimensional das interfaces de jogos e aplicativos e neste presente artigo é relatada a importância de abordar tais recursos com foco no ensino da matemática, sendo esse um fator fundamental para ampliação da aprendizagem e do ensino. O intuito desse artigo e mostrar essencialidade de ser trabalhar com as ferramentas digitais direcionadas ao pensamento e raciocínio matemático, uma vez que a expansão tecnológica promove o uso de recursos que ampliam a capacidade de interpretação e o desenvolvimento do ensino. A metodologia utilizada foi a de estado da arte, onde se encontrou treze artigos e após a leitura de seus resumos se chegou a um refinamento de seis trabalhos que contribuem para o objetivo que é o de uso das tecnologias no ensino de matemática. Tendo como conclusão de que é possível promover o ensino de matemática a partir da utilização da tecnologia fazendo assim a união do conhecimento entre o conceito e a prática do ensino de matemática, sendo também caminho de transformação e estudo para o professor, uma vez que ele necessita conhecer esses recursos para utilizar em suas aulas tornando assim o ensino diferenciado e aproximando os alunos da realidade fora da sala de aula, essa relação é fundamentada na compreensão de que se pode relacionar conhecimento e realidade para entendimento global utilizando a interdisciplinaridade.
Adapted rehabilitation protocols for knee arthroplasty - Systematic review of the literature
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Gheorghievici Gavril ,   Foisor Orthopedics Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Romania, Stoica Cristian Ioan ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania,   Foisor Orthopedics Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Romania, Mitoiu Brindusa ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania,   Clinic of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneology, “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania, Covaleov Anatoli ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania,   Eforie Nord Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneology Hospital, Eforie Nord, Romania, Luchian Alexandru ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania,   Foisor Orthopedics Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2023

Total knee arthroplasty is a frequently met replacement procedure for patients with degenerative knee disease. The main purpose of the intervention is to provide pain relief and to promote range of motion and joint stability for patients in which conservative options such as pharmacological treatment or physical therapy can’t accomplish any more an adequate symptom alleviation. Most guidelines regarding the first stage of the rehabilitation process recommend early mobilization in order to gain as quickly as possible functional independence, and also to promote muscle strength and coordination. This should be done from the first day post surgery, depending on the patients compliance. In the subacute stage, the emphasis is put on maintaining a progression of the weight-bearing status, and promoting normal walking without the use of an assistive device. Patient education will be focused on changes that need to be made in a domestic environment and also modifications regarding social and professional activities. The third phase of the rehabilitation process focuses on limb symmetry and equal weight bearing which represent absolute objectives that need to be obtained. Balance exercises will include progression from bilateral to unilateral, and integration of unstable surfaces if possible associated with cardiovascular training. This phase of the rehabilitation process is considered to be completed once all realistic functional goals are achieved.
Data Normalization Methods of Hybridized Multi-Stage Feature Selection Classification for 5G Base Station Antenna Health Effect Detection
Authors: Tasneem Sofri  , Hasliza A Rahim  , Allan Melvin Andrew  , Ping Jack Soh  , Latifah Munirah Kamarudin  , Nishizaki Hiromitsu
Published: May 2023

It is essential to assess human exposure to Fifth Generation (5G) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) signal from Base Station (BS) sources operating at Low Band 5G at 700 MHz, Sub-6 Band 5G at 3.5 GHz, and Millimeter Wave (mmWave) 5G at 28 GHz. This assessment will help determine whether 5G technology is safe for people. Inconsistent results were found in previous epidemiological studies on the health effects of radiation exposure from Mobile Phones (MP) and BS when normalization methods were used to prepare the data for Machine Learning (ML), which could lead to misclassification because of the dataset's quality. The effects on adult health are assessed in terms of physiological parameters (body temperature, heart rates, and blood pressure), cognitive performance (brain memory, motor control, and attention), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for well-being parameter, and Electromagnetic Field (EMF) perception parameter. The purpose of the research was to identify changes in the physiological parameters of adult individuals before, during, or after exposure to 5G signals, including Sham (No Exposure). 12 normalization methods are selected which are Z-score normalization (z score), Linear scaling (LS), Binary normalization (BNN), Bipolar normalization (BPN), Min-Max scaling (MMS), t-score normalization (t score), Decimal Inverse Logarithmic Scaled Normalization (DILSN), Relative Mean Normalization (RMN), Relative Standard Deviation Normalization (RSDN), Variation Normalization (VN), Robust Normalization (RN) and Relative Interquartile Normalization (RIN) and based on their F-value and p-value analyses, the three best normalization techniques are selected in this research. The original distribution of each parameter data variable is different, these techniques are beneficial for converting data so that it is dimensionless and has equivalent distributions. Based on the selection criteria for the hybridized Multi-Stage Feature Selection (MSFS) classification for 5G base station antenna health effect detection, BNN, MMS, and RSDN were named as the top three normalization techniques.
Effects of Hall Current, Diffusion Thermos and Activation Energy on MHD Radiative Casson Nanofluid Flow with Chemical Reaction and Thermal Radiation
Authors: Sridevi Dandu  , Venkata Ramana Murthy Chitrapu  , Udaya Bhaskara Varma Nadimpalli
Published: May 2023

In this work, we studied the impact of Hall current, diffusion thermo, and activation energy on an electrically conducting Casson nanofluid flow past a continuously stretching surface with thermal radiation, and heat generation/absorption has been explored. Transverse magnetic field with the assumption of small Reynolds number is implemented vertically. Appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to transform the governing partial differential equations into the non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions for the dimensionless velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration are computed with the help of the shooting method. Through the use of graphs, the discussion will focus on the effects that the Hall current, the thermal radiation, the heat source/sink, the Brownian motion, the thermophoresis parameter, and the magnetization have on velocity, concentration, and temperature. To get an insight into the internal behavior of the emerging parameters, a numerical calculation of the local Nusselt number, the Sherwood number, and the skin friction coefficient along the x-and z axes is performed. It has been shown that the resultant flow velocity enhances with increasing hall parameter, whereas it has reduced in temperature and concentration field. The temperature diminishes with improving diffusion thermo parameters, and the opposite behavior has been observed in the case of thermal radiation.
Thin-Layer Drying of Burdock Root in a Convective Dryer: Drying Kinetics and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Luan Thanh Nguyen  , Minh Ha Nguyen  , Hong Son Nguyen Le
Published: May 2023

This work investigated the thin-layer drying kinetics of Vietnam burdock root in a convective dryer. The thin-layer drying models and mass transfer coefficient were determined by experiment and analysis approach. Furthermore, a numerical simulation was performed to describe the moisture distribution inside the material. The regression models and mathematical equations were determined by Statgraphics software and the EES software. The survey range in this work: 50-70oC air temperature, 1-2 m/s air velocity, 22 ± 5 mm slice diameter, and 5 ± 0.2 mm slice thickness. The results show that the Page model was the best model to describe the drying behavior of burdock root, with the correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.9992; the moisture diﬀusivity coefficient De = 3.4520 x 10-9-1.8516 x 10-8 m2/s; moisture transfer coefficient hm = 1.3256 x 10-7-7.8375 x 10-7 m/s. Furthermore, the simulation results visualize the moisture distribution inside the burdock root slice in the drying process.
Exergy and Energy Analysis of Gas Turbine Generator X Combined Cycle Power Plant Using Cycle-Tempo Software
Authors: Eflita Yohana  , Tony Suryo Utomo  , Muhammad Ichwan Faried  , Mohammad Farkhan Hekmatyar Dwinanda  , Mohamad Endy Yulianto
Published: May 2023

Increasing electricity production must continue to be pursued to meet the increasing electricity needs of the community. One of the efforts that engineers can make is to improve the performance of the main suppliers of electricity needs. It is impossible to separate the role of the system's components from the performance of the gas turbine generator. This journal discusses exergy and energy analysis in the gas turbine generator of X combined cycle power plant through simulation with Cycle-Tempo software. The simulation results show that the highest system energy efficiency is owned by the gas turbine generator unit 2.3 of 35.541%, with a system exergy efficiency of 34.069%. The lowest system energy efficiency is owned by the gas turbine generator unit 2.1 of 31.669%, with a system exergy efficiency of 30.355%. The gas turbine generator component with the lowest exergy efficiency occurs in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine generator unit 2.2 of 76.81%, with exergy destruction of 92.581 MW. Meanwhile, the gas turbine generator component with the highest exergy efficiency occurred in the turbine of the gas turbine generator unit 2.3 of 96.81%, with exergy destruction of 9.762 MW. The simulation results that have been carried out show that the performance of the components in the gas turbine generator is still in good performance, with the lowest exergy efficiency above 75%.
A Study of the Thermal Behavior of Some Materials Used to Prevent Corrosion in Mechanical Parts
Authors: Nawfel Muhammed Baqer Muhsin
Published: May 2023

Thermal deterioration of Machines is the change in the properties of the basic material as a result of thermal reaction with its environment as a result of the presence of moisture in the bodies of machines such as the bodies of aircraft, cars, engineering equipment and related to the mechanics of the machines in the field of mechanical engineering, which is called the medium of deterioration and not as a result of a mechanical process such as friction in the machines as a result of work Continuous in these machines, according to this definition there is a possibility of corrosion not only in metals, but other materials such as concrete and containers that are in direct contact with moisture, air and environmental factors that are a catalyst for mechanical deterioration. Many researchers in mechanical engineering were interested in the thermal processes of machines, so the problem of corrosion and friction of machines and other important problems that have been studied extensively by finding engineering solutions to reduce or eliminate them. Corrosion of Machines be a limiting factor for various materials in many applications. Thus, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the deterioration processes, their prevention and reduction of the associated damage. In this research the preparation of some reagents and their use as deterioration inhibitors to reduce the deterioration process in engineering machinery by measuring the loss in weights resulting from the phenomenon of deterioration in engineering machinery. These thermal reagents were prepared as a thermal inhibitor painting, diagnosed in spectroscopic techniques, and then some thermal measurements were made to studying them as inhibitors of engineering corrosion in machines. The results appeared that the prepared reagents are good deterioration’s inhibitors due to the inhibition efficiency of the selected thermal reagents increased with increasing of concentration, and decreased with increasing of temperature.
Analytical Computation of Thermal and Electrical Issues in E-Mobility Cabling Network
Authors: Mahipal Bukya  , Rajesh Kumar  , Akhilesh Mathur
Published: May 2023

The demand for pollution-free transportation is increasing daily worldwide due to increasing concerns about global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of fossil fuels. In e-mobility, electric vehicles (EVs) have received massive popularity due to their performances and efficiencies compared with IC engine vehicles in recent decades. Cables play an essential role in delivering electric power to the different electrical components system from the battery source of vehicles. Electrical insulation is the backbone of the power cable, and its state is usually used to reflect the healthy condition of this cable and any electrical networks. Deterioration of the cable during normal operation is a major concern. Usually, electric cables receive less maintenance as compared to other electrical components in EVs. Due to the many stresses, the cable insulation must constantly withstand better connectivity between different parts in e-mobility. In the analytical method, the solution obtains known elementary functions by integrating a partial differential equation better to understand the variation of thermal and electrical stresses. This paper studied the high voltage cabling network of electric vehicles and the analytical method used for computing conductivity, temperature, and electrical stress distribution in electric vehicle cabling networks by including the higher vehicle ambient temperatures. The thermal and electrical stress maximizes at the conductors' surface and gradually reduces the function of the radial distance.
Karaciğer Hemanjiomu Tanısında Tc-99m İşaretli Eritrosit Sintigrafisinin SPECT/BT ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YAVUZ Hatice Sümeyye , ÖNER TAMAM Müge , OZCEVİK Halim , YAVUZ Ahmet , MÜLAZIMOĞLU Mehmet
Published: May 2023

Amaç: Günümüzde görüntüleme yöntemlerindeki gelişmeyle birlikte karaciğer hemanjiomlarının saptanması da artmıştır. Genellikle asemptomatik olan karaciğer hemanjiomlarının, karaciğerin diğer primer ve metastatik malign tümörlerinden ayırıcı tanısının konulması gerekmektedir. Özellikle boyutu küçük olan ve ana vasküler yapılara yakın olan lezyonların tanısını koymak önemlidir. Bu tip lezyonlar Tc-99m işaretli eritrosit sintigrafisi ile doğru olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı karaciğer hemanjiomlarının Tc-99m işaretli eritrosit sintigrafisinin SPECT/BT ile değerlendirilmesi ve tanıya olan katkısını araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Hemanjiom ön tanısı ile kliniğimize gönderilen 36 olgudaki 40 lezyon retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Modifiye in vivo yöntemle Tc-99m işaretli eritrosit sintigrafisi yapılan 36 hasta SPECT/BT ile görüntülendi. Hastalar 12-24 aylık klinik bulgu ve diğer görüntüleme yöntemleri (USG, BT ve MRG) ile takip edildi. Yapılan takiplerle lezyonların boyut ve morfolojisinde değişiklikler değerlendirilerek tanıları doğrulandı.
Bulgular: SPECT/BT ile görüntülemede 36 olgunun 29’unda aktivite artışı saptandı ve bu olguların hepsi gerçek pozitif olarak değerlendirildi. 7 olguda aktivite tutulumu olmadı. 2 olgu kist hidatik, 4 olgu metastaz (1 kolon kanseri, 3 meme kanseri) olarak belirlendi. 1 olgu ise yanlış negatif olarak saptandı. Bu olguda lezyon boyutu 1 cm idi. Tc-99m işaretli eritrosit sintigrafisi-SPECT/BT ile sensitivite:%100; spesifite: %96,7; pozitif prediktif değer: %100; negatif prediktif değer: % 85,7 ve toplam tanı değeri: %97,3 olarak belirlendi.
Ayrıca SPECT/BT’de 9 (%25) olguda lezyonlar ana vasküler yapılara yakın yerleşimli idi. Lezyonların 1’i kalbe, 3’ü vena kava inferiora, 5’i ise büyük hepatik damarlara yakın yerleşimli idi. BT sayesinde radyoaktivite akümülasyonunun olduğu odağın doğru anatomik lokalizasyonu yapılarak hastalara hemanjiom tanısı kondu.
Sonuç: Tc-99m işaretli eritrosit sintigrafisi SPECT/BT sayesinde karaciğer hemanjiomlarının tespitinde sensitivitesi, spesifitesi ve doğruluğu yüksek olan, fonksiyonel ve anatomik görüntülemenin bir arada yapılmasına sağlayan noninvaziv bir görüntüleme yöntemidir.
Diyabette Güçler ve Güçlükler Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: BİLGEHAN Tuğba , İNKAYA Bahar
Published: May 2023

Amaç: Diyabet 21.yüzyılın en hızlı büyüyen bulaşıcı olmayan küresel salgınlarından birisidir. Diyabet tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızla artmaya ve her geçen gün daha fazla insanı etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Diyabetle yaşamak ve yönetmek için; bireyin birçok çok sağlıklı yaşam davranışı kazanması gerekmektedir. Diyabet yönetimini gerçekleştirirken diyabetli bireylerin bireysel, kişisel ve psikososyal açıdan zorluk yaşayabildiği bilinmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu araştırma diyabette güçler ve güçlükler ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi amacı ile yapılmış metodolojik bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın amacı tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin yaşadıkları güçlüklerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamak ve bu güçlüklere yönelik yapılabilecek çalışmalara ışık tutmaktır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, bir devlet hastanesinin dahiliye polikliniklerine başvuran 315 Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerle yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri sosyodemografik veri formu ve “Diyabette Güçler ve Güçlükler Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliliği, dil, kapsam (içerik) geçerliği ve yapı geçerliği olarak incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizleri Cronbach Alfa değeri ile hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Faktör analizi sonucu 0,859-0,522 arasında madde yük değerine sahip 30 maddeden oluşan 3 alt boyutlu (psikososyal güçlükler, bireysel güçlükler, bilgi eksikliği ile ilgili güçlükler) bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Toplam varyansı %59,328 oranında açıklamaktadır.
Sonuç: Tip 2 diyabetli bireylere uygulanan diyabette güçler ve güçlükler ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in Fahr’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: TUNCER Deniz , ÇINAR Betül , HANAĞASI Haşmet Ayhan
Published: May 2023

Fahr's disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symmetrical and bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia. The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the effects of physiotherapy and rehabilitation program on a patient with Fahr's disease. Biodex Balance System®, Functional Reach Test, Six Minute Walk Test, Short Form 36, Beck Depression Inventory, Barthel Index, and bilateral ankle goniometric measurements were assessed prior to and after completion of the 12-week physiotherapy program. The improvement was observed in static and dynamic balance scores, functional capacity, health-related quality of life, performance in activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms. Physiotherapy may be recommended in patients with Fahr's disease to increase the quality of life by maximizing functional capability and preventing or minimising secondary complications. The long-term effects of physiotherapy should be investigated in more depth in the future.
İdiopatik Vertigo Hastalarında Brandt Daroff ve Bakış Stabilizasyon Egzersizlerinin Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KENT Ali Erman , KARABEKİROGLU Figen
Published: May 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tanısı konmuş nörolojik ve otolojik hastalığı olmayan, 3 ay ve daha uzun süredir başdönmesi şikayeti olan bireyler için Brandt Daroff ve bakış stabilizasyon egzersizlerinden oluşturulan vestibüler rehabilitasyon ev programının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya baş dönmesi şikayeti olan, otolojik ve nörolojik hastalığı olmayan, 25–45 yaş arası, 13 birey dahil edildi. Baş dönmesinin katılımcıların günlük yaşam aktiviteleri üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi Aktiviteye Özgü Denge Güven Ölçeği (AÖDGÖ) ile değerlendirildi. Kişiye özel vestibüler rehabilitasyon programı, günlük yaşam aktiviteleri sırasında baş dönmesinin artış gösterdiği baş hareketlerinin yönüne göre belirlendi. Brandt-Daroff Egzersizleri ve bakış stabilizasyon egzersizleri ev programı şeklinde verildi. Hastalar 3 hafta sonra ve 3 ay sonra AÖDGÖ ile tekrar değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: AÖDGÖ skorlarının sonuçlarına göre 3. hafta ile 3. ay değerlendirmeleri arasındaki fark (p<0,001) ve ilk değerlendirme ile 3. ay değerlendirmeleri arasındaki fark (p=0,014) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. İlk değerlendirme ile 3 hafta sonraki değerlendirme skorları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,118).
Sonuç: Uzun süredir baş dönmesi şikayeti olan bireyler için hazırlanacak vestibüler rehabilitasyon egzersizleri ile günlük yaşam aktiviteleri sırasında baş dönmesinin yaratacağı olumsuzluklar azaltılabilir. Bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde iyileşme gözlenebilmesi için vestibüler rehabilitasyon egzersizlerini düzenli olarak yapmaları önerilmelidir.
The Association between Some Good Mood Foods and Depression
Authors: SİMZARİ Wida , ÖZKARABULUT Ayşe Huri , NOURİSAEİDLOU Sakineh , RASHİDİ Mahruk
Published: May 2023

Aim: Depression is a main public health problem and disability worldwide. A bi-directional influence can be between foods and psychological disorders. This study aimed to determine the association between some good mood foods and depression.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 100 undergraduate students and academicians over the age of 18 studying at Istanbul-Turkey universities were included. Demographic characteristics and eating habits were asked, and Beck Depression Scale was used to determine depression status.
Results: High intakes of milk, yogurt, meat, egg, fish, walnut, fig, almond, banana, kiwi, pineapple, chocolate, honey, tomato and oyster were associated inversely with depression. There was a significant relationship between fig, kiwi and honey (borderline) and depression. So that the OR (odds ratio) (95% CI) in the low and high consumption category of fig was 0.39 (0.15-0.98) and 0.24 (0.08-0.76) respectively (p<0.05). The higher consumption of kiwi decreases the risk of depression. The ORs (95% CI) of low and high consuming of kiwi were 0.56 (0.19-1.68; p=0.3) and 0.12 (0.03-0.41; p=0.001) respectively. For honey the ORs (95% CI) in low and high consumption categories were 0.42 (0.12-1.46. p=0.17) and 0.32 (0.1-1.02. p=0.05) respectively.
Conclusion: It was observed that the frequency of depression decreased in people who consumed high amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, milk and yogurt.
The Role of Political Connections in Moderating the Relationship of Profit Management and Company Values (Study on State Owned Enterprises)
Authors: PAKAWARU Muhammad Ilham , RIDWAN Ridwan , BAKRY M.Iqbal , MULIATI Muliati , PARWATI Ni Made Suwitri
Published: May 2023

This study examines the role of political correction in moderating the relationship between earnings management and firm value during the Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla administrations in the 2015-2019 period. Political connections are measured by the activeness of meetings attended by the Board of Commissioners (main commissioners, commissioners and independent commissioners) who are politically connected. Earnings management uses discretionary accruals while firm value uses the Tobins Q proxy. There are 18 state-owned companies (BUMN) that are sampled in the study with 5 years of observation. By using warpPLS7.0, the results show that earnings management reduces firm value and political connections positively moderate the relationship between earnings management and firm value
Drivers of Financial Inclusion among Cocoa Producers in the Southwest Region of Cameroon
Authors: Ngwang Norbert Ngoongeh , Bime Mary-Juliet Egwu
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Financial inclusion can considerably promote cocoa production and provide a buffer for the escape from poverty traps for cocoa-growing economies like Cameroon. However, the Southwest region of Cameroon still experiences a low level of cocoa production and poverty primarily due to financial exclusion. This article explores the drivers of financial inclusion in the region.
Method: A stratified multistage sampling technique was used to survey 380 cocoa producers in the main cocoa-producing areas in the region through semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the socio-economic variables and the probit model to analyze the drivers of financial inclusion, subject to the three major dimensions of financial inclusion; access to, use, and quality of financial services.
Results: On average, the long distance of financial institutions (9.3 km), intermediate farm sizes (2.6 ha), and low annual income (1,125,863 FCFA) negatively influenced financial inclusion resulting in just 16.6% of farmers being financially included. The findings also revealed that financial inclusion is significantly enhanced by an increase in income, farm training, the closeness of formal financial institutions (FFIs), larger household size, and small-scale production at a 1% significance level, and more years of farming experience at 5%. Moreover, 51.3% of the major constraints to financial inclusion were accounted for by lack of collateral security, distant FFIs, and low income.
Implications: Reducing the distance of FFIs by establishing more institutions with considerations on collateral, increasing income through extension services like farm training, and sound agronomic practices will enhance financial inclusion.
Originality: The uniqueness of this study lies in the context of the socio-political crisis during which cocoa producers were interviewed and exploring how the crisis influenced financial inclusion through a host of factors. Moreover, besides just access to credit as considered by most studies in Cameroon, the current study considers the use and quality of formal financial services as well.
CORRUPTION IN BUSINESS: MOTIVES AND INFLUENCE ON SHADOW ECONOMY
Authors: Momot Tetiana , Chekh Nataliia , Prylypko Sergii , Filonych Olena , Cherednychenko Oleksandr
Published: May 2023

The paper devoted to the research of the corruption offenses in the activity of business entities which are quite a common phenomenon that causes serious moral, economic and political problems, hinders development and distorts fair competition. The purpose of the study is to reveal the distinguishing peculiarities of corruption in business to business relations and special features of the behavior of the corrupt company employee in the context of corruption influence on the level of the shadow economy of Ukraine. The differences between employment in the public and private sectors are highlighted. Analyzing relevant literature, the paper offers a model of corruption-related decision-making of an enterprise employee that takes into account all the factors that may influence a choice of involvement in the corruption offenses. The main causes of corruption in business are viewed as the competitive advantages the company can gain and the level of corruption around it. The research proves that the company can start participating in corrupt practices because many representatives of the business environment are involved in it, claiming that it is the only way to survive. The paper proves the impact of corruption on the level of shadow economy on the example of Ukraine. The essence and constituent elements of the shadow economy are revealed, as well as the negative consequences of the shadow economy, the spread of which is facilitated by corruption in the authorities and government. We proved that the higher level of corruption in the public sphere will result in a higher level of corruption inside the business environment. We proved that special attention should be given to the corruption in business relations as a sub-set of a general corruption phenomenon. The suggested by authors model of corruption-related decision making in business to business relations facilitates better understanding of the true nature of the business corruption phenomenon and development of well thought anti-corruption measures both on company and government levels.
A Catalog of Distance Determinations for the LAMOST DR8 K Giants in the Galactic Halo
Authors: Zhang Lan , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Yang Chengqun , Wang Feilu , Rix Hans-Walter , Zhao Gang , Liu Chao
Published: May 2023

We present a catalog of distances for 19,544 K giants drawn from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR8. Most of them are located in the halo of the Milky Way up to ∼120 kpc. There are 15% K giants without Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometry, for which we supplements with Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) photometry calibrated to SDSS photometric system. The possible contamination of the red clumps/horizontal branch are removed according to metallicities and colors before the distance determination. Combining the LAMOST spectroscopic metallicities with the SDSS/PS1 photometry, we estimate the absolute magnitudes in the SDSS r band, the distance moduli, and the corresponding uncertainties through an Bayesian approach devised by Xue et al. for the Sloan Extension for Galactic understanding and exploration halo K giants. The typical distance precision is about 11%. The stars in the catalog lie in a region of 4–126 kpc from the Galactic center, of which with 6320 stars beyond 20 kpc and 273 stars beyond 50 kpc, forming the largest spectroscopic sample of distant tracers in the Milky Way halo so far.
The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Corrections on Photometry Due to Wavelength-dependent Atmospheric Effects
Authors: Lee J. , Acevedo M. , Sako M. , Vincenzi M. , Brout D. , Sanchez B. , Chen R. , Davis T. M. , Jarvis M. , Scolnic D. , Qu H. , Galbany L. , Kessler R. , Lasker J. , Sullivan M. , Wiseman P. , Aguena M. , Allam S. , Alves O. , Andrade-Oliveira F. , Bertin E. , Bocquet S. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , Pereira M. E. S. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Ferrero I. , Friedel D. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kent S. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Mena-Fernández J. , Miquel R. , Ogando R. L. C. , Palmese A. , Pieres A. , Malagón A. A. Plazas , Raveri M. , Reil K. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , To C. , Weaverdyck N. ,   DES Collaboration
Published: May 2023

Wavelength-dependent atmospheric effects impact photometric supernova flux measurements for ground-based observations. We present corrections on supernova flux measurements from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program’s 5YR sample (DES-SN5YR) for differential chromatic refraction (DCR) and wavelength-dependent seeing, and we show their impact on the cosmological parameters w and Ω
m
. We use g − i colors of Type Ia supernovae to quantify astrometric offsets caused by DCR and simulate point-spread functions (PSFs) using the GalSIM package to predict the shapes of the PSFs with DCR and wavelength-dependent seeing. We calculate the magnitude corrections and apply them to the magnitudes computed by the DES-SN5YR photometric pipeline. We find that for the DES-SN5YR analysis, not accounting for the astrometric offsets and changes in the PSF shape cause an average bias of +0.2 mmag and −0.3 mmag, respectively, with standard deviations of 0.7 mmag and 2.7 mmag across all DES observing bands (griz) throughout all redshifts. When the DCR and seeing effects are not accounted for, we find that w and Ω
m
are lower by less than 0.004 ± 0.02 and 0.001 ± 0.01, respectively, with 0.02 and 0.01 being the 1σ statistical uncertainties. Although we find that these biases do not limit the constraints of the DES-SN5YR sample, future surveys with much higher statistics, lower systematics, and especially those that observe in the u band will require these corrections as wavelength-dependent atmospheric effects are larger at shorter wavelengths. We also discuss limitations of our method and how they can be better accounted for in future surveys.
Comparing Be Star Inclination Angles Determined from Hα Fitting and Gravitational Darkening
Authors: Sigut T. A. A. , Ghafourian Nastaran R.
Published: May 2023

Using a sample of 92 Galactic Be stars, we compare inclination angles (the angle between a star’s rotation axis and the line of sight) determined from Hα emission-line profile fitting to those determined by the spectroscopic signature of gravitational darkening. We find good agreement: 70% of the sample (64 out of 92 stars) is consistent with zero difference between the two methods using 1σ errors, and there is a strong linear correlation coefficient between the two methods of r = +0.63 ± 0.05. There is some evidence that the Hα profile fitting method overestimates the inclination angle for i ≲ 25°, perhaps due to the neglect of incoherent electron scattering on the Hα line widths, while the gravitational darkening method underestimates the inclination angle for i ≳ 70°, perhaps due to the neglect of disk radiative transfer effects on the optical spectrum. Overall, it is demonstrated that a single Hα spectrum of modest resolution and SNR can be used to extract a useful estimate for the inclination angle of an individual Be star. This allows equatorial rotation velocities for individual Be stars to be derived from

v
sin
i

measurements and will allow Be stars to be used to search for correlated spin axes in young, open clusters if unbiased (with respect to inclination) samples of Be stars are used.
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion Measurements of Supernova Remnant N132D: Center of Expansion and Age
Authors: Banovetz John , Milisavljevic Dan , Sravan Niharika , Weil Kathryn E. , Subrayan Bhagya , Fesen Robert A. , Patnaude Daniel J. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Law Charles J. , Blair William P. , Morse Jon A.
Published: May 2023

We present proper motion measurements of the oxygen-rich ejecta of the LMC supernova remnant N132D using two epochs of Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys data spanning 16 years. The proper motions of 120 individual knots of oxygen-rich gas were measured and used to calculate a center of expansion (CoE) of α = 5h25m01.ˢ71 and δ = −69°38′41.″64 (J2000) with a 1σ uncertainty of 2.″90. This new CoE measurement is 9.″2 and 10.″8 from two previous CoE estimates based on the geometry of the optically emitting ejecta. We also derive an explosion age of 2770 ± 500 yr, which is consistent with recent age estimates of ≈2500 yr made from 3D ejecta reconstructions. We verified our estimates of the CoE and age using a new automated procedure that detected and tracked the proper motions of 137 knots, with 73 knots that overlap with the visually identified knots. We find that the proper motions of the ejecta are still ballistic, despite the remnant’s age, and are consistent with the notion that the ejecta are expanding into an interstellar medium cavity. Evidence for explosion asymmetry from the parent supernova is also observed. Using the visually measured proper motion measurements and corresponding CoE and age, we compare N132D to other supernova remnants with proper motion ejecta studies.
A Pilot Study of Nulling in 22 Pulsars Using Mixture Modeling
Authors: Anumarlapudi Akash , Swiggum Joseph K. , Kaplan David L. , Fichtenbauer Travis D. J.
Published: May 2023

The phenomenon of pulsar nulling, observed as the temporary inactivity of a pulsar, remains poorly understood both observationally and theoretically. Most observational studies that quantify nulling employ a variant of Ritchings algorithm, which can suffer significant biases for pulsars where the emission is weak. Using a more robust mixture model method, we study pulsar nulling in a sample of 22 recently discovered pulsars, for which we publish the nulling fractions for the first time. These data clearly demonstrate biases of the former approach and show how an otherwise nonnulling pulsar can be classified as having significant nulls. We show that the population-wide studies that find a positive correlation of nulling with pulsar period/characteristic age can similarly be biased because of the bias in estimating the nulling fraction. We use our probabilistic approach to find the evidence for periodicity in the nulls in a subset of three pulsars in our sample. In addition, we also provide improved timing parameters for 17 of the 22 pulsars that had no prior follow-up.
A Search for OH 18 cm Emission from Intermediate-velocity Gas at High Galactic Latitudes
Authors: Smith Allison J. , Roshi D. Anish
Published: May 2023

We present search results of 22 high-latitude (∣b∣ > 25°) sightlines for OH 18 cm emission using the 305 m radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory. These sightlines appear in neutral hydrogen emission at intermediate velocities −90 ≤ V
LSR ≤ −20 km s−1 and are predicted to have a sufficient molecular composition so as to be detectable in molecular emission. Such objects, known as intermediate-velocity molecular clouds (IVMCs), have historically been detected through 12CO emission. Recent studies indicate that IVMCs may be widespread in the galaxy and have important implications for models of the interstellar medium and star formation. However, we report nondetections of OH emission toward the 22 sightlines and provide stringent upper limits on the OH column density. Using available H i and A

v
data in combination with existing state-of-the-art PDR models, we estimate H2 column densities and find that they are more than an order of magnitude lower than the predicted values. We also find that the hydrogen volume density of these clouds is ≲25 cm−3. In addition, we discuss the known IVMCs with previous 12CO detections in the context of the PDR models. Our analysis of these clouds indicates that the structure of molecular material in IVMCs is morphologically clumpy. These results motivate the need for future sensitive, on-the-fly searches (rather than targeted searches) for CO emission from IVMCs with resolutions on the order of ∼1′. High angular resolution (∼1′) H i and A

v
data will also be helpful to better constrain the structure and composition of IVMCs.
Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of GRB 190106A: Emission from Reverse and Forward Shocks with Late-time Energy Injection
Authors: Zhu Zi-Pei , Xu Dong , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Fu Shao-Yu , Zhang Jun-Bo , Liu Xing , Jiang Shuai-Qing , Xiao Shuo , Xie Wei , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Gao He , Hartmann Dieter , de Ugarte Postigo Antonio , Kann David Alexander , Valle Massimo Della , Jakobsson Pall , Zafar Tayyaba , D’Elia Valerio , Xin Li-Ping , Wei Jian-Yan , Gao Xing , Liu Jin-Zhong , Lu Tian-Hua , Lei Wei-Hua
Published: May 2023

Early optical observations of gamma-ray bursts can significantly contribute to the study of the central engine and physical processes therein. However, of the thousands observed so far, only a few have data at optical wavelengths in the first minutes after the onset of the prompt emission. Here we report on GRB 190106A, whose afterglow was observed in optical bands just 36 s after the Swift/BAT trigger, i.e., during the prompt emission phase. The early optical afterglow exhibits a bimodal structure followed by a normal decay, with a faster decay after ∼T
0 + 1 day. We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of GRB 190106A. We derive the redshift via metal absorption lines from Xinglong 2.16 m/BFOSC spectroscopic observations. From the BFOSC spectrum, we measure z = 1.861 ± 0.002. The double-peak optical light curve is a significant feature predicted by the reverse-forward external-shock model. The shallow decay followed by a normal decay in both the X-ray and optical light curves is well explained with the standard forward-shock model with late-time energy injection. Therefore, GRB 190106A offers a case study for GRB emission from both reverse and forward shocks.
CLASSY. VI. The Density, Structure, and Size of Absorption-line Outflows in Starburst Galaxies
Authors: Xu Xinfeng , Heckman Timothy , Henry Alaina , Berg Danielle A. , Chisholm John , James Bethan L. , Martin Crystal L. , Stark Daniel P. , Hayes Matthew , Arellano-Córdova Karla Z. , Carr Cody , Huberty Mason , Mingozzi Matilde , Scarlata Claudia , Sugahara Yuma
Published: May 2023

Galaxy formation and evolution are regulated by the feedback from galactic winds. Absorption lines provide the most widely available probe of winds. However, since most data only provide information integrated along the line of sight, they do not directly constrain the radial structure of the outflows. In this paper, we present a method to directly measure the gas electron density in outflows (n

e
), which in turn yields estimates of outflow cloud properties (e.g., density, volume filling factor, and sizes/masses). We also estimate the distance (r

n
) from the starburst at which the observed densities are found. We focus on 22 local star-forming galaxies primarily from the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY). In half of them, we detect absorption lines from fine-structure excited transitions of Si ii (i.e., Si ii*). We determine n

e
from relative column densities of Si ii and Si ii*, given Si ii* originates from collisional excitation by free electrons. We find that the derived n

e
correlates well with the galaxy’s star formation rate per unit area. From photoionization models or assuming the outflow is in pressure equilibrium with the wind fluid, we get r

n
∼ 1–2r
* or ∼5r
*, respectively, where r
* is the starburst radius. Based on comparisons to theoretical models of multiphase outflows, nearly all of the outflows have cloud sizes large enough for the clouds to survive their interaction with the hot wind fluid. Most of these measurements are the first ever for galactic winds detected in absorption lines and, thus, will provide important constraints for future models of galactic winds.
Carnegie Supernova Project. II. Near-infrared Spectral Diversity and Template of Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Lu 陆 Jing 晶 , Hsiao 蕭 Eric Y. 亦麒 , Phillips Mark M. , Burns Christopher R. , Ashall Chris , Morrell Nidia , Ng Lawrence , Kumar Sahana , Shahbandeh Melissa , Hoeflich Peter , Baron E. , Uddin Syed , Stritzinger Maximilian D. , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Baltay Charles , Davis Scott , Diamond Tiara R. , Folatelli Gaston , Förster Francisco , Gagné Jonathan , Galbany Lluís , Gall Christa , González-Gaitán Santiago , Holmbo Simon , Kirshner Robert P. , Krisciunas Kevin , Marion G. H. , Perlmutter Saul , Pessi Priscila J. , Piro Anthony L. , Rabinowitz David , Ryder Stuart D. , Sand David J.
Published: May 2023

We present the largest and most homogeneous collection of near-infrared (NIR) spectra of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia): 339 spectra of 98 individual SNe obtained as part of the Carnegie Supernova Project-II. These spectra, obtained with the FIRE spectrograph on the 6.5 m Magellan Baade telescope, have a spectral range of 0.8–2.5 μm. Using this sample, we explore the NIR spectral diversity of SNe Ia and construct a template of spectral time series as a function of the light-curve-shape parameter, color stretch s

BV
. Principal component analysis is applied to characterize the diversity of the spectral features and reduce data dimensionality to a smaller subspace. Gaussian process regression is then used to model the subspace dependence on phase and light-curve shape and the associated uncertainty. Our template is able to predict spectral variations that are correlated with s

BV
, such as the hallmark NIR features: Mg ii at early times and the H-band break after peak. Using this template reduces the systematic uncertainties in K-corrections by ∼90% compared to those from the Hsiao template. These uncertainties, defined as the mean K-correction differences computed with the color-matched template and observed spectra, are on the level of 4 × 10−4 mag on average. This template can serve as the baseline spectral energy distribution for light-curve fitters and can identify peculiar spectral features that might point to compelling physics. The results presented here will substantially improve future SN Ia cosmological experiments, for both nearby and distant samples.
The Dark Side of Using Dark Sirens to Constrain the Hubble–Lemaître Constant
Authors: Zhu Liang-Gui , Chen Xian
Published: May 2023

Dark sirens, i.e., gravitational-wave (GW) sources without electromagnetic counterparts, are new probes of the expansion of the universe. The efficacy of this method relies on correctly localizing the host galaxies. However, recent theoretical studies have shown that astrophysical environments could mislead the spatial localization by distorting the GW signals. It is unclear whether and to what degree the incorrect spatial localizations of dark sirens would impair the accuracy of the measurement of the cosmological parameters. To address this issue, we consider the future observations of dark sirens using the Cosmic Explorer and the Einstein Telescope, and we design a Bayesian framework to access the precision of measuring the Hubble–Lemaître constant H
0. Interestingly, we find that the precision is not compromised when the number of well-localized dark sirens is significantly below 300, even in the extreme scenario that all the dark sirens are localized incorrectly. As the number exceeds 300, the incorrect spatial localizations start to produce statistically noticeable effects, such as a slow convergence of the posterior distribution of H
0. We propose several tests that can be used in future observations to verify the spatial localizations of dark sirens. Simulations of these tests suggest that incorrect spatial localizations will dominate a systematic error of H
0 if as much as 10% of a sample of 300 well-localized dark sirens are affected by their environments. Our results have important implications for the long-term goal of measuring H
0 to a precision of <1% using dark sirens.