bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the quantitative first pass myocardial perfusion MRI with and without prospective slice tracking: Comparison between breath‐hold and free‐breathing condition
Authors: Cleppien Dirk Ernst Johannes , Horstick Georg , Abegunewardene Nico , Weber Stefan , Müller Christian Ernst , Heimann Axel , Kreitner Karl‐Friedrich , Kempski Oliver , Schreiber Laura Maria
Published: July 2010

Physiologic motion of the heart is one of the major problems of myocardial blood flow quantification using first pass perfusion–MRI method. To overcome these problems, a perfusion pulse sequence with prospective slice tracking was developed. Cardiac motion was monitored by a navigator directly positioned at heart's basis to overcome no additional underlying model calculations connecting diaphragm and cardiac motion. Additional prescans were used before the perfusion measurement to detect slice displacements caused by remaining cardiac motion between navigator and the perfusion slice readout. The pulse sequence and subsequent quantification of myocardial blood flow was tested in healthy pigs with and without prospective slice tracking under both free‐breathing and breath‐hold conditions. To avoid influences by residual contrast agent concentration time courses were analyzed. Median myocardial blood flow values and interquartile ranges with prospective slice tracking under free‐breathing and in a breath‐hold were (1.04, interquartile range = 0.58 mL/min/g) and (1.20, interquartile range = 0.59 mL/min/g), respectively. This is in agreement with published positron emission tomography values. In measurements without prospective slice tracking (1.15, interquartile range = 1.58 mL/min/g), the interquartile range is significantly (P < 0.012) larger because of residual cardiac motion. In conclusion, prospective slice tracking reduces motion‐induced variations of myocardial blood flow under both during breath‐hold and under conditions of free‐breathing. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal design of periodic test input signals for multivariable impulse response models
Authors: Kaisare Niket S. , Lee Jay H.
Published: July 2010

This paper considers an optimal test input design problem occurring in a control‐relevant, iterative system identification scheme. The optimization is based on minimizing the expecteda posterioriclosed‐loop error based on thea prioriinformation given by the data already collected. Instead of directly solving the resulting non‐linear optimization to obtain the test input sequences, two different computationally efficient approaches are proposed. The first approach is cast in the frequency domain and we solve for optimal discrete spectra of the periodic signals under some reasonable approximation. The solution can be realized as an input sequence by performing a spectral factorization and implementing the spectral factor as a digital Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. A second approach is suggested by reformulating the optimal design problem as a linear matrix inequalities (LMI) problem. The efficacy of these approaches is demonstrated through a numerical example. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of fentanyl and other potent µ opioid agonist misuse in opioid‐dependent individuals
Authors: Cicero Theodore J. , Ellis Matthew S. , Paradis Alethea , Ortbal Zachary
Published: July 2010

Purpose

Based on preclinical and clinical abuse liability assessments, fentanyl and other potent µ opioid agonists (e.g., hydromorphone and morphine) should be the most misused opioids if accessibility in the real world were not an issue. Since the latter is seldom true, we postulated that there would be a significant mismatch between actual and predicted rates of misuse.

Methods

We recruited 1818 prescription‐opioid dependent patients entering drug treatment programs to complete an anonymous survey, covering drug use and health related issues.

Results

Hydrocodone and oxycodone products were the drugs of choice in 75% of patients, whereas potent µ opioid agonists (fentanyl, hydromorphone, and morphine), with the greatest predicted abuse potential, were very rarely chosen (<5% each). Most unexpectedly, the rank order of the actual drug of choice and the preferred drug in an ideal world were highly correlated. The reason most commonly given for the failure to endorse fentanyl, for example, as an actual or preferred drug, was fear of toxicity and overdose. We found few differences in drug use patterns between a subset of high‐risk, impaired health care professionals (N = 196), and all other patients other than source of drug (forged prescriptions and doctors more common and dealers much less common in the HC sample).

Conclusions

These results indicate that it should not be assumed – particularly for new drug formulations – that a high potential for abuse will result in actual abuse; and, most importantly, that the hesitancy to use potent opioids because of fears of abuse may be misguided. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematics and the Implementation of an Elephant's Trunk Manipulator and Other Continuum Style Robots
Authors: Hannan Michael W. , Walker Ian D.
Published: July 2010

Traditionally, robot manipulators have been a simple arrangement of a small number of serially connected links and actuated joints. Though these manipulators prove to be very effective for many tasks, they are not without their limitations, due mainly to their lack of maneuverability or total degrees of freedom. Continuum style (i.e., continuous “back‐bone”) robots, on the other hand, exhibit a wide range of maneuverability, and can have a large number of degrees of freedom. The motion of continuum style robots is generated through the bending of the robot over a given section; unlike traditional robots where the motion occurs in discrete locations, i.e., joints. The motion of continuum manipulators is often compared to that of biological manipulators such as trunks and tentacles. These continuum style robots can achieve motions that could only be obtainable by a conventionally designed robot with many more degrees of freedom. In this paper we present a detailed formulation and explanation of a novel kinematic model for continuum style robots. The design, construction, and implementation of our continuum style robot called the elephant trunk manipulator is presented. Experimental results are then provided to verify the legitimacy of our model when applied to our physical manipulator. We also provide a set of obstacle avoidance experiments that help to exhibit the practical implementation of both our manipulator and our kinematic model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of transfers to tertiary care and hospital mortality: A gradient boosting decision tree approach
Authors: Xie Jianjun , Coggeshall Stephen
Published: July 2010

We built two models in the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Science 2009 data mining contest to predict the hospital transfer (task 1) and the hospital mortality (task 2). Based on the patient medical information provided in the training and testing dataset, we created a series of variables to characterize a patient's current medical condition as well as their historical medical condition. We converted all categorical fields like Diagnosis Code, Clinical Management Category, Procedure Code, and Product Line into numerical values by using the positive rate in each category. We used a gradient boosting decision tree as our classifier. Building ensembles from different boosted decision tree models were used to improve the prediction accuracy. Postprocessing on the model score was performed by utilizing two scores on the same hospital admission. Our final results were ranked second in both tasks. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 253‐258, 2010
Local strategic partnerships: a panacea for voluntary interest groups to promote local environmental sustainability? The UK context
Authors: Kythreotis Andrew
Published: July 2010

This paper examines the experiences of local interest groups in promoting environmental sustainability within Local Strategic Partnerships. LSPs are expected to be a local pluralist governance platform in which non‐state groups can engage more widely in the promotion of economic, social and environmental well‐being within a local authority area. Using semi‐structured qualitative interviews with state and non‐state representatives in two contrasting LSP areas in the Yorkshire and Humber region of the UK, this paper finds that environmental interest groups have been marginalized by local state members of LSPs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A unified security framework for WiMAX over EPON access networks
Authors: Gu Wen , Verma Pramode K. , Kartalopoulos Stamatios V.
Published: July 2010

Passive optical networks (PONs) offer a popular broadband access solution allowing for high bandwidth and long transmission range to meet user fast evolving needs. However, in certain applications, PON deployment cannot reach the end user, because geographic restrictions make fiber installation non‐cost effective. Recently, hybrid fiber–wireless (FiWi) access networks have been proposed to combine the advantages of optical and wireless technologies and integrate them seamlessly. However, this integrated wired and wireless access network raises new security issues that need to be addressed. This paper reviews the architectures of currently proposed integrated access networks, proposes a new Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) over Ethernet PON (EPON) architecture which achieves simplified and efficient system management. We present a unified security framework for the proposed architecture using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Through our analysis, we show that this security framework enhances the system security and realizes unified key management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive kernel estimation of spatial relative risk
Authors: Davies Tilman M. , Hazelton Martin L.
Published: July 2010

Kernel smoothing is routinely used for the estimation of relative risk based on point locations of disease cases and sampled controls over a geographical region. Typically, fixed‐bandwidth kernel estimation has been employed, despite the widely recognized problems experienced with this methodology when the underlying densities exhibit the type of spatial inhomogeneity frequently seen in geographical epidemiology. A more intuitive approach is to utilize a spatially adaptive, variable smoothing parameter. In this paper, we examine the properties of the adaptive kernel estimator by both asymptotic analysis and a simulation study, finding advantages over the fixed kernel approach in both the cases. We also look at practical issues with implementation of the adaptive relative risk estimator (including bandwidth choice and boundary correction), and develop a computationally inexpensive method for generating tolerance contours to highlight areas of significantly elevated risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic study of the decidua basalis in early pregnancy loss
Authors: Wong H. S. , Cheung Y. K.
Published: July 2010

Objectives

To describe the sonographic findings in the decidua basalis layer in spontaneous early pregnancy loss and to compare them with those in normal pregnancy.

Methods

We reviewed 119 scans at 4–10 weeks' gestation from 110 patients who miscarried clinically at less than 13 weeks' gestation and 132 scans also at 4–10 weeks from 98 patients who had normal uncomplicated term pregnancies. The thickness and echogenicity of the decidua basalis layer were compared between pregnancies which suffered early loss and normal controls.

Results

Relative thinning of the decidua basalis was observed in cases of early pregnancy loss from 5–6 weeks onwards when compared with normal pregnancies. In embryonic pregnancies that subsequently miscarried, the decidua basalis did not show the rising trend in thickness that was observed in normal pregnancies. Shortly before and after embryonic demise, the decidua appeared relatively more echogenic compared with that in normal pregnancy and the placenta showed areas of hypoechogenicity. Embryonic demise was followed by disorganization of the decidual layer, which became difficult to recognize. Pregnancy with an empty sac showed a more gradual trend in the thinning of the decidua basalis, but the uniformity and echogenicity of the layer appeared to be relatively better preserved with time.

Conclusion

The decidua basalis layer in pregnancies that are destined to miscarry in the first trimester differs sonographically from that in normal pregnancies. The sonographic differences are suggestive of a defective decidual–placental complex resulting from deficient trophoblastic invasion. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing qualitative scenario storylines for environmental change assessment
Authors: Rounsevell Mark D. A. , Metzger Marc J.
Published: July 2010

This article reviews the historic evolution of qualitative scenario storylines and the various methods used in their development and application in environmental change assessment. The scenario method largely emerged from military strategy and war planning, with the techniques being adopted and advanced further by the business sector. Scenario storylines became widely applied to environmental problems from the 1970s and since then a number of new studies have been developed at both global and regional scales. Many different methods are used in scenario storyline development although most examples applied to environmental change assessment are exploratory and defined through a matrix logic that reflects different dimensions of environmental change drivers. This article discusses several development techniques for scenario storylines, provides examples of existing scenario storylines, discusses the differences between them, and highlights a number of limitations in the current scenario storyline development methods. The credibility, legitimacy, and saliency of future scenario storylines are discussed with respect to personal beliefs, the equifinality of alternative development pathways, the validation and uncertainty of assumptions, stakeholder engagement in visions development, and participatory methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Scenario Development and Application

Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Scenario Development
Performance of MIMO cross‐layer MAC protocol based on antenna selection in ad hoc networks
Authors: Mao Wei Fang , Hamouda Walaa , Dayoub Iyad
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a cross‐layer (physical and MAC) design for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system that aims at maximizing the throughput of ad hoc networks by selecting the optimum antenna combination. Employing this cross‐layer design is shown to improve the overall network performance relative to the case where no antenna selection (AS) is used. To solve the node blocking problem associated with the IEEE 802.11 medium‐access control (MAC) protocol, the proposed protocol leverage the available degrees of freedom offered by the MIMO system to allow neighboring nodes to simultaneously communicate using the zero‐forcing (ZF) Bell‐labs layered space‐time (BLAST) architecture. Using the cross‐layer design, neighboring nodes share their optimum antenna selection (AS) information through control messages. Given this shared information, nodes set their decisions on the number of selected antennas based on the available spatial channels that guarantees collision‐free transmissions. At the destination node, the ZF receiver is employed to extract the desired user data while treating the data from neighboring users as interference. The performance of the proposed cross‐layer design is examined through simulations, where we show that the network throughput is significantly improved compared to conventional MAC protocols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of multiuser diversity in MIMO systems on arbitrary Nakagami‐mfading channels
Authors: Hung Chia‐Chun , Chiang Ching‐Tai , Yen Nan‐Yang , Lin Shyh‐Neng
Published: July 2010

This paper presents unified formulas of the outage probability and the bit error rate (BER) for multiuser diversity with different multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) schemes, including (1) transmit selective/receive selective (SC/SC); (2) transmit selective/receive maximum ratio combining (SC/MRC); and (3) space–time block codes (STBC) on Nakagami‐mfading channels. The exact closed‐form expressions can be derived for the outage probability with arbitrarymand for the BER with integerm. For a non‐integer fading parameter, the BER is expressible as a single infinite series of Gamma function. We also achieve simplified calculations for the performance at high SNR to gain insights regarding the factors determining the performance in fading. It is shown that the multiuser MIMO systems can achieve a full diversity order. The achieved results provide an analytical framework for the assessment of multiuser MIMO systems. All the analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A lightweight block cipher based on a multiple recursive generator for wireless sensor networks and RFID
Authors: Olteanu Alina , Xiao Yang , Hu Fei , Sun Bo , Deng Hongmei
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we use a multiple recursive generator (MRG) to generate sequences of numbers with very long periods, i.e., pseudo‐random sequences. The MRG effectively constructs a block cipher which satisfies important quality requirements such as security, long period, randomness, and efficiency. We compare our approach with another lightweight block cipher based on a linear congruential generator (LCG) and analyze the efficiency in terms of the number of basic operations that are being performed. We also study the effects of using special classes of MRG which hold certain portability and efficiency properties, and analyze their advantages in this context. The proposed cipher is a lightweight cipher, which is very useful for resource limited resources such as sensor nodes in sensor networks, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, etc. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An opportunistic forwarding protocol with relay acknowledgment for vehicularad hocnetworks
Authors: Jang Inhyeok , Choi Wooyeol , Lim Hyuk
Published: July 2010

Robust and efficient data delivery in vehicularad hocnetworks (VANETs) with high mobility is a challenging issue due to unstable wireless links and dynamic topology changes. In this vehicular environment, the exchanges of topology information and discoveries of routing paths on an end‐to‐end basis are not desired, because the network topology changes rapidly and the information is out‐of‐date in short. In this paper, we propose a contention based forwarding mechanism, which locally exploitsgeographiclocation information in order to achieve robustness of data delivery for vehicular communications. A node that is closer to the destination node has a higher priority in competing for the wireless channel, and forwards packets as a relay node earlier than other adjacent nodes. When a packet is forwarded by a relay node, its preceding node informs adjacent nodes that it has been already relayed to prevent the duplications of packet delivery. Through ns‐2 simulations, we show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the network performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio and the end‐to‐end delay in various synthetic and trace‐based realistic VANET scenarios with a wide range of vehicle speed and density. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic event identification
Authors: Anderson Dale N. , Randall George E. , Whitaker Rodney W. , Arrowsmith Stephen J. , Arrowsmith Marie D. , Fagan Deborah K. , Taylor Steven R. , Selby Neil D. , Schult Frederick R. , Kraft Gordon D. , Walter William R.
Published: July 2010

Earthquakes and explosions generate seismic waveforms that have different characteristics. However, the challenge of confidently differentiating between these two signatures is complex, and requires the integration of physical and statistical techniques. This article reviews the methods for constructing discrimination features from diverse physical observations. These discrimination features are appropriate for many statistical classification frameworks. Under the null hypothesis an event is an explosion, we discuss strategies for constructing P‐values which can be interpreted as standardized discrimination features. We develop standardized discriminants for both teleseismic (simple propagation path in the mantle) and regional (complicated propagation path in the crust) events, following the trend toward characterizing increasingly smaller single‐point explosions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Physics and Computational Geophysics
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of LnIII–CuI Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zhang Man‐Bo , Chen Hao‐Min , Hu Rui‐Xiang
Published: July 2010

Four three‐dimensional heterometallic coordination polymers, [Ln2Cu4I3(IN)7(H2O)]n (1, 2) and [LnCu3.5I3(IN)3.5(H2O)3]n·nH2O (3, 4) [HIN = isonicotinic acid, Ln = Nd (1), Gd (2), La (3), Eu (4)] were hydrothermally synthesized by using lanthanide oxides, isonicotinic acid, copper chloride, and potassium iodide. The different molar ratio of raw materials results in two distinct types of three‐dimensional frameworks of compounds 1–4. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 are constructed by the layer modules of [Ln2(IN)7(H2O)]nn– and Cu4I3 clusters, whereas that of compounds 3 and 4 are built by dimeric Ln2(IN)6(H2O)6 and layered polymeric [Cu7I6]nn+ units.
Brief report: Engagement in sport and identity status
Authors: Busseri Michael A. , Costain Kelly A. , Campbell Kelly M. , Rose‐Krasnor Linda , Evans Jennifer
Published: July 2010

Drawing on identity development theory, the connection between engagement in sport and identity status was examined. First‐year undergraduates (n = 116 sport‐involved youth; 67% women; mean age = 18.58 yrs) completed measures of interpersonal and ideological identity status (achievement, moratorium, diffusion, foreclosure), along with behavioral (breadth, intensity) and psychological (e.g., enjoyment, competence) indicators of sport engagement. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relation between latent sport engagement and identity status in interpersonal and ideological domains. As hypothesized, latent sport engagement predicted greater interpersonal (but not ideological) identity achievement. Consistent with identity development theory, an additional specific relation was observed between lower breadth of sport involvement and higher interpersonal identity achievement. Results demonstrate the value of examining behavioral and psychological indicators of sport engagement jointly, and support a growing body of research linking sport and positive youth development.
Anti-Disciplinary Protest
Authors: Stephens Julie
Published: July 2010

The sixties were a time when anti-disciplinary politics blurred the boundaries between the political and the aesthetic, and, according to some critics, the time when the possibility for revolution died. In this book, first published in 1998, Stephens questions the frameworks which inform commonplace understandings of this period, arguing that the most distinctive forms of sixties protest are often marginalized or excluded from view. She looks at the problematic ways in which sixties radicalism has been narrativised, and critically evaluates the modernist and postmodern impulses that can be discerned in the anti-disciplinary protest of the time. Stephens develops a new theoretical framework for conceptualizing the relationship between the sixties and later political and theoretical developments. Drawing on broad-ranging, lively and often rare sources, this is a provocative contribution to contemporary social theory and cultural studies.
Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain
Authors: Edles Laura Desfor
Published: July 2010

This is a book about the role of culture in social change and the Spanish transition to democracy after Franco. Laura Desfor Edles takes a distinctively culturalist approach to the 'strategy of consensus' deployed by the Spanish elite and uses systematic textual interpretation (with a particular focus on Spanish newspapers) to show how a new symbolic framework emerged in post-Franco Spain which enabled the resolution of specific events critical to the success of the transition. In addition to uncovering underlying processes of symbolization, she shows that politico-historical transitions can themselves be understood as ritual processes, involving as they do phases and symbols of separation, liminality and re-aggregation.
Slaves on Horses
Authors: Crone Patricia
Published: July 2010

Slave soldiers are a distinctively Muslim phenomenon. Though virtually unknown in the non-Muslim world, they have been a constant and pervasive feature of the Muslim Middle East from the ninth century AD into modern times. Why did Muslim rulers choose to place military and political power in the hands of imported slaves? It is this question which Dr Crone seeks to answer. Concentrating on the period from the rise of the Umayyads to the dissolution of the 'Abbasid empire (roughly AD 650–850), she documents the consequences of the fusion between religion and politics in Islam, which she sees as an essential forging characteristic of the Muslim social structure and state. Primarily addressed to specialists and advanced students of Arabic and Islamic history, the book will also appeal to comparative historians and social anthropologists.
Incomparable Worth
Authors: Rhoads Steven E.
Published: July 2010

Comparable worth, or pay equity, is now an established policy in some US states, such as Minnesota, and the UK and Australia. Yet Steven Rhoads's research on those jurisdictions indicates there is no consensus on how to compare the value of dissimilar jobs involving 'comparable' amounts of effort, skill and responsibility. Consultants whose job evaluation systems are used in states adopting comparable worth policies do not agree on the factors to be included or how they should be weighed and arbitrary results produced by comparable worth policies have led to inefficient functioning of the labour markets. These policies have generated ill will among the workers who lose pay-equity cases, with political as well as economic consequences. The book argues that jobs are truly incomparable using the methods comparable worth relies on, and that the principles of comparable worth are not reconcilable with those of a market economy.
Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Lee Steven P.
Published: July 2010

With the passing of the Cold War, a chapter in the history of nuclear deterrence has come to an end. Nuclear weapons remain, however, and nuclear deterrence will again be practiced. Rather than simply assume that the policy of deterrence has worked we need to learn the proper lessons from history in order to ensure that its mistakes are not repeated. Professor Lee furnishes us with the kind of analysis that will enable us to learn those lessons. This 1993 book is the first post-Cold War assessment of nuclear deterrence. It provides a comprehensive normative understanding of nuclear deterrence policy, examining both its ethical and strategic dimensions. The book poses the question: What kind of nuclear policy, if any, deserves both moral and prudential endorsement?
The Poetic Imagination of Vyacheslav Ivanov
Authors: Davidson Pamela
Published: July 2010

Vyacheslav Ivanov, poet, philosopher and critic, played a key role in the formation of the early twentieth-century Russian literature as leader of the religious branch of the Symbolist movement and his influence spread to Europe after his emigration to Italy in 1924. Pamela Davidson explores Ivanov's poetic method, relating his art to his central beliefs (in particular his interpretation of the ancient Greek religion of Dionysus and of the teachings of Vladimir Solovyov) and considering the ways in which he attempted to embody these ideas in his own life. She focuses on Ivanov's interpretation of Dante and in so doing, opens up fresh perspectives on the wider question of Russia's relation to the Western cultural tradition and Catholicism. Detailed analyses of Ivanov's pre-revolutionary poetry and of his translations from Dante form the basis of the second part of the study and extensive use is made of unpublished archival materials from the Soviet Union and Italy.
Infestation of the squat lobster Munida gregaria (Anomura: Galatheidae) by Pseudione galacanthae (Isopoda: Bopyridae) in San Jorge Gulf, Argentina
Authors: Varisco Martín , Vinuesa Julio
Published: July 2010

We estimated the prevalence of the bopyrid Pseudione galacanthae parasitizing the population of the squat lobster Munida gregaria in San Jorge Gulf and analysed some aspects concerning the effect of the parasite on host reproductive potential. The relationship between the development stages of the parasite and the host size was also analysed. The squat lobsters were caught as by-catch in the coastal area of the gulf from vessels operating in the fisheries of hake Merluccius hubbsi, southern king crab Lithodes santolla and Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri. The samples were collected between October 1997 and June 2009. In the laboratory, squat lobsters were sexed and the length of their carapace was measured. In males, the length of the right cheliped was recorded and gonadal development was examined. In females, the size and number of carried eggs were determined and the length of the pleopods III, IV and V were measured. All squat lobsters parasitized exhibit a gross bulge in the right side of carapace. Prevalence ranged between 0 and 1.43% (N = 21,519). No significant differences in prevalence were found for sexes, depths and seasons. The prevalence was higher for the size interval 7–10 mm CL (0.79%) than for the rest of the intervals. Parasitism had no effect on the secondary sex characters. Parasitized males displayed gonad development. There was no difference in prevalence between ovigerous and non-ovigerous squat-lobster females. Parasitized females had smaller eggs than non-parasitized ones, but their fecundity was similar. The linear relationship between the parasite and host sizes and the presence of larvae and immature stages of P. galacanthae in small-sized squat lobsters suggest that the host is infected early in its development. The low prevalence could be related to oceanographic conditions which favour larval dispersal of the parasite and host. The infestation by P. galacanthae has little impact on the M. gregaria population, mostly due to the low prevalences of infestation and the minor impact in reproductive function.
Experimental and statistical investigations of the global chemical composition of six trawling fish of the Gulf of Gabès (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Koubaa Aida , Abdelmouleh Abdelwaheb , Bouain Abderrahmen , Mihoubi Nourhène Boudhrioua
Published: July 2010

The aim of this work is to study the variation of the global chemical composition of six fish species (Lithognathus mormyrus,Mullus barbatus,Mullus surmuletus,Pagellus erythrinus,Pagrus caeruleostictusandDentex maroccanus) caught by the trawl of the Gulf of Gabès (Mediterranean Sea). The variations of the chemical contents of the fish as a function of size, sex, organs and parts of the muscle were examined between December 2005 and May 2006. ANOVA indicated that the global chemical composition was significantly affected by two factors: species and body locations (parts of the muscle). The correlation matrix established between the chemical contents showed two highly significant correlations (fat–moisture and protein–ash). The discriminant analysis allowed the distribution in the space of fish species into five groups according to their moisture, proteins, fat and ash contents. The analysis of the fat content in the parts of the fish body revealed the presence of a concentration gradient.
Encrusting Sabellariidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) in rhodolith beds, with description of a new species ofSabellariafrom the Brazilian coast
Authors: Dos Santos André Souza , Riul Pablo , Dos Santos Brasil Ana Claudia , Christoffersen Martin Lindsey
Published: July 2010

Rhodoliths or maërl are calcareous nodules of coralline red algae growing unattached to the substrata. They sustain a high biodiversity, being one of the most important marine benthic environments dominated by macrophytes. Sabellariidae are tube-dwelling filter feeding marine polychaetes that build their tubes by secreting cement from their thoracic glands. Some species are solitary, while others build tubes together, forming large aggregates. This study analyses Sabellariidae collected in rhodolith beds along the subtidal zone of the coast of João Pessoa and Cabedelo, Paraíba, north-eastern Brazil. A total of 100 individuals of six species were identified. Four are reported for the first time for the north-east coast of Brazil:Phragmatopoma caudataMörch (1863),Sabellaria bellaGrube (1870),Sabellaria nanellaChamberlin (1919), andSabellaria wilsoniLana & Gruet (1989). The first occurrence ofSabellaria pectinataFauvel (1923) along the western Atlantic is provided as well as the description of a new species of the genusSabellaria.
Introduction: sports stadia and modern urbanism
Authors: KATZER NIKOLAUS
Published: July 2010

Despite the fact that sporting spaces reflect key shifts in thinking about town planning, sports architecture is still an underexplored area in the historiography of urban design. The architects, engineers and designers attempting to regenerate and rejuvenate cities after World War II were aware of the popular interest in competitive sports. Stadia and landscape design were intended to help erase the negative urban images of nationalism and totalitarianism. By starting a dialogue with the past, town planners questioned the grandeur and monumentalism prevalent in architecture since the late nineteenth century. They sought to rediscover and redefine the modern.
Modernity, space and national representation at the Tokyo Olympics 1964
Authors: TAGSOLD CHRISTIAN
Published: July 2010

The 1964 Tokyo Olympics acted as a rite of passage for post-war Japan, symbolizing the modernization of the city and the country. This was reflected by the space and architecture of the venues. Urban development of Olympic cities has been scrutinized recently but the symbolic implications have been touched upon only in passing, most especially in Tokyo's case. This article will show how symbolic layers of architecture and space aimed at linking history and modernity while bypassing the highly problematic legacy of ultra-nationalism and World War II. An important hub for transmitting this message was the Meiji Shrine dedicated to the first emperor of modern Japan. The hallmark building of the 1964 Games, Kenzo Tange's National Gymnasium, interacted with the shrine by way of an architectonic axis connecting them. This contrasted with the different spatial styles evident at the 1960 Olympics in Rome and 1972 Olympics in Munich, which testified to their different relationships to the national past. While developing infrastructure such as canalization and traffic was very important for Tokyo, symbolic revitalization of the city's fabric was equally crucial.
Selling national urban renewal: the National Film Board, the National Capital Commission and post-war planning in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: PICTON ROGER M.
Published: July 2010

Using film and archival evidence, this article focuses on post-war urban redevelopment in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. During this period, two federal institutions, the National Capital Commission and the National Film Board, worked in tandem to disseminate the promise of post-war urban renewal. Film and planning techniques perfected during World War II would be used to sell national urban renewal to Canadians. Rooted in centralized planning, steeped in militarist rhetoric and embedded in authoritarian tendencies, federal plans for a new modern capital had tragic implications for the marginalized and dislocated residents of the inner-city neighbourhood of LeBreton Flats.
Genetic diversity and relationship among faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm entries as revealed by TRAP markers
Authors: Kwon Soon-Jae , Hu Jinguo , Coyne Clarice J.
Published: July 2010

Target region amplification polymorphism markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among 151 worldwide collected faba bean (Vicia faba L.) entries (137 accessions maintained at the USDA–ARS, Pullman, WA, 2 commercial varieties and 12 elite cultivars and advanced breeding lines obtained from Link of Georg-August University, Germany). Twelve primer combinations (six sets of polymerase chain reaction) amplified a total of 221 markers, of which 122 (55.2%) were polymorphic and could discriminate all the 151 entries. A high level of polymorphism was revealed among the accessions with an estimated average pairwise similarity of 63.2%, ranging from 36.9 to 90.2%. Cluster analysis divided the 151 accessions into five major groups with 2–101 entries each and revealed a substantial association between the molecular diversity and the geographic origin. All 101 accessions in Group V are originated from China and 13 of the 15 accessions in Group II were from Afghanistan. Thirty-two individual plants were sampled from two entries to assess the intra-accession variation. It was found that the advanced inbred line (Hiverna/5-EP1) had very little variation (5.0%), while the original collection (PI 577746) possessed a very high amount of variation (47.1%). This is consistent with the previous reports that faba bean landraces have a high level of outcrossing in production fields and thus contain larger amount variation within each landrace. One implication of this observation for germplasm management is that a relatively larger population is needed in regeneration to mitigate the possible loss of genetic variation due to genetic drift.
Nonlinear Rossby waves off California
Authors: Ivanov L. M. , Collins C. A. , Margolina T. M. , Eremeev V. N.
Published: July 2010

A new interpretation of SSH anomalies propagating in the California Current System as weakly nonlinear Rossby waves (RWs) is suggested. Satellite altimetry and float data were used to extract annual and semi‐annual components of RWs from a multi‐scale altimetry signal and estimate their kinematic characteristics. Different propagation regimes for the waves were identified by propagation speed, wave steepness and length of spatial phase coherence (SPC). A transition from a SSH field dominated by waves to a turbulent‐like field was detected in the saturation regime. The recurrence period for wave behavior was estimated as about 105–120 (195–210) days for the semiannual (annual) component. The propagation speed and length of SPC decreased when wave steepness increased, and westward propagation halted during the saturation regime.
Comparative NMR study of copper-based intermetallics with ZrCuSiAs-type structure
Authors: Lue C. S. , ChangJen W. J. , Su T. H.
Published: July 2010

The electronic characteristics of ZrCuGe2, ZrCuSi2, and HfCuSi2 are systematically investigated using C63u NMR spectroscopy. The quadrupole splittings, Knight shifts, and spin-lattice relaxation times on each individual compound have been identified. We found that the observed electric field gradient is consistent with the covalent bonding nature within the Cu atomic layers. The Knight shifts together with relaxation rates provide a measure of Cu d partial Fermi-level density of states, Nd(EF). Universally small Nd(EF) was found in all studied materials, suggests that the Cu d states are well below the Fermi energy and therefore the characteristic electronic structure near EF is primarily of sp type. We further pointed out that the low Nd(EF) value is an important factor for the lack of superconductivity in these Cu-based intermetallics within the ZrCuSiAs-type structure.
High-power and high-speed organic three-dimensional transistors with submicrometer channels
Authors: Uno M. , Hirose Y. , Uemura T. , Takimiya K. , Nakazawa Y. , Takeya J.
Published: July 2010

Three-dimensional organic field-effect transistors with high current density and high switching speed are developed with multiple submicrometer channels arranged perpendicularly to substrates. The short channel length is defined by the height of a multicolumnar structure without an electron-beam-lithography process. For devices using dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, extremely high current density exceeding 10 A/cm2 and fast switching within 0.2 μs are realized with an on-off ratio of 105. The unprecedented performance is beyond general requirements to control organic light-emitting diodes, so that even more extensive applications to higher-speed active-matrices and display-driving circuits can be realized with organic semiconductors.
The timing of pruning affects flushing, flowering and yield of macadamia
Authors: Wilkie J. D. , Sedgley M. , Olesen T.
Published: July 2010

Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, M. integrifolia × M. tetraphylla) trees were pruned at different times at sites near Alstonville, northern New South Wales, Australia, to examine the effects on vegetative flushing, subsequent flower raceme production and yield. Pruning of cv. 849 and cv. A268 modified the cycle of flush development. Pruning times that resulted in immature flushes on the canopy in late autumn or early winter inhibited raceme production. In contrast, pruning in late May and early June did not generally reduce raceme production relative to production on unpruned trees. The times of pruning that reduced raceme production also reduced yield. The yields of trees pruned in late May were also reduced, presumably because of decreased light interception. In the season after treatment the trees pruned in early April had greater numbers of racemes per unit of tree canopy volume than the trees pruned in late May. The trees of the lighter flowering cv. 849 pruned in early April had higher yield efficiencies than the trees pruned in late May, whereas there was no effect on yield efficiency in the prolifically flowering cv. A268. The differences in raceme production in the season after pruning may have been due to a combination of an alternate bearing response, characteristics of the stems produced after pruning, or maturity of the flushes. In a separate experiment, uniconazole sprays immediately after pruning reduced the length of the new stems, slowed canopy expansion, and increased kernel recovery compared with untreated hedged trees, but did not affect flowering or yield. In another experiment, hedging in early June had no effect on raceme production in cv. 849 trees in consecutive seasons, and no effect on canopy volume or yield in the first season. In contrast, canopy volume and yield were reduced in the second season. Finally, pruning of young, yet-to-flower cv. 849 trees from late winter to spring staggered flush development, with the earliest pruned trees producing more racemes and setting more fruit than the later pruned trees.
The impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on seasonal drought in the southern Australian grainbelt
Authors: Hayman P. T. , Whitbread A. M. , Gobbett D. L.
Published: July 2010

The cropping simulation model APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) was used to investigate the pattern of seasonal moisture stress during the growing season for four medium- to high-rainfall regions and four low-rainfall regions in the southern Australian grains belt over the period 1906–2007. Cluster analysis of the pattern of crop water stress experienced by each simulated crop was used to devise season types for the study sites. Average crop moisture stress for two periods up to grain filling, i.e. germination to 600°C days of thermal accumulation (~Zadoks 0–32) and from 600 to 1200 days of thermal accumulation (~Zadoks 32–71), was used to devise a classification of season type: low moisture stress early and late (L-L), low early and high late (L-H), high early and low late (H-L) and high early and late (H-H). Using regional rainfall we found that El Niño events are associated with double the risk of the season being in the lowest tercile from 33 to 67% and La Niña events increase the chance of being in the top tercile to 50%. Although there was a wide range of simulated yields in El Niño and La Niña years, for most sites the average yields were lower in El Niño years and higher in La Niña years. For most sites in the study 6 or 7 of the worst 10 years were El Niño, 3 Neutral and 1 or nil cases were La Niña events. This contrasts with a pattern assuming no El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence of 2 El Niño, 6 Neutral and 2 La Niña events. Analysis of the relationship of season types identified by the cluster analysis to ENSO showed significant results for high-rainfall sites but not for low-rainfall sites. One of the reasons for this is that in low-rainfall sites, moisture stress occurs in most seasons. We conclude that there is good reason for farmers and advisers in South Australia to pay attention to a forecast of ENSO for the coming season as one part of their risk management strategy. We conclude on the need to think clearly about drought and aridity in these low-rainfall environments and comment on how this analysis further questions canopy management as a means of dealing with drought risk.
Discrete PIH proteins function in the cytoplasmic preassembly of different subsets of axonemal dyneins
Authors: Yamamoto Ryosuke , Hirono Masafumi , Kamiya Ritsu
Published: July 2010

Axonemal dyneins are preassembled in the cytoplasm before being transported into cilia and flagella. Recently, PF13/KTU, a conserved protein containing a PIH (protein interacting with HSP90) domain, was identified as a protein responsible for dynein preassembly in humans and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This protein is involved in the preassembly of outer arm dynein and some inner arm dyneins, possibly as a cofactor of molecular chaperones. However, it is not known which factors function in the preassembly of other inner arm dyneins. Here, we analyzed a novel C. reinhardtii mutant, ida10, and found that another conserved PIH family protein, MOT48, is responsible for the formation of another subset of inner arm dyneins. A variety of organisms with motile cilia and flagella typically have three to four PIH proteins, including potential homologues of MOT48 and PF13/KTU, whereas organisms without them have no, or only one, such protein. These findings raise the possibility that multiple PIH proteins are commonly involved in the preassembly of different subsets of axonemal dyneins.
Dihedral blocks with two simple modules
Authors: Bleher Frauke
Published: July 2010

Letkkbe an algebraically closed field of characteristic22, and letGGbe a finite group. SupposeBBis a block ofkGkGwith dihedral defect groups such that there are precisely two isomorphism classes of simpleBB-modules. The description by Erdmann of the quiver and relations of the basic algebra ofBBis usually only given up to a certain parameterccwhose value is either00or11. In this article, we show thatc=0c=0if there exists a central extensionG^\hat {G}ofGGby a group of order22together with a blockB^\hat {B}ofkG^k\hat {G}with generalized quaternion defect groups such thatBBis contained in the image ofB^\hat {B}under the natural surjection fromkG^k\hat {G}ontokGkG. As a special case, we obtain thatc=0c=0ifG=PGL2(Fq)G=\mathrm {PGL}_2(\mathbb {F}_q)for some odd prime powerqqandBBis the principal block ofkPGL2(Fq)k\,\mathrm {PGL}_2(\mathbb {F}_q).