bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State and Private Universities in the Global Education
Authors: Kavak Zehra Nese , Gumus Fatma
Published: October 2013

The impact of globalization opened countries in a competitive international economic market to be able to meet the challenges of global economy. According to these demands, the need of supplying human capital resulted in a change in the role of the universities. This paper discussed that global comparativeness has had divergent effects on the conceptualization and practices of higher education.

How to cite this article

Kavak ZN, Gumus F. State and Private Universities in the Global Education. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(3):278-279.
Distance Learning at Ian Donald School
Authors: Plavsic Sanja Kupesic
Published: October 2013

Leadership and directors of Ian Donald Inter-University School of Medical Ultrasound are aware of the importance and complexity of ultrasound education. Web-based learning is perceived by adult learners as a better strategy of assimilating information, because it can be accessed anytime and anywhere. At the time of global conference an update about the progress of our distance learning program will be provided.

How to cite this article

Kupesic PS. Distance Learning at Ian Donald School. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(3):280-291.
Basic Diploma in International Ultrasound for Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Zoppi Maria Angelica
Published: October 2013

In the Microcitemico Hospital the first prenatal diagnosis in Europe of beta-thalassemia was performed in 1977 using fetal blood sampling and globin chain analysis at 20th week of gestation. Since then, more than 55,000 prenatal invasive procedures were performed in our center for several genetic and chromosomal diseases.

In 2011, our department has been introduced as a center for teaching invasive diagnostic procedures under the umbrella of the Ian Donald International University School of Medical Ultrasound. After a period of tutoring for 2 or more weeks, fellow doctors who intend to learn invasive techniques for prenatal diagnosis under the direct supervision of a senior tutor (G. Monni) can receive the basic diploma in invasive prenatal procedures (Fig. 1).

In the following study, we describe the training process of the invasive prenatal procedure performed by transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TA-CVS).

How to cite this article

Monni G, Zoppi MA, Iuculano A. Basic Diploma in International Ultrasound for Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(3):346-348.
Development of Fetoscopic and Minimally Invasive Ultrasound-guided Surgical Simulator: Part of Global Education
Authors: Wataganara Tuangsit
Published: October 2013

Modern practice in perinatology involves a significant portion of invasive procedures. Training in fetal diagnostic procedures is generally accomplished using in vitro model. Fetal therapeutic procedures require a more sophisticated skill. Fetoscopic intervention is most commonly performed for laser dichorionization of the placental in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. A co-ordination between ultrasound guidance and endoscopic surgical skill is required. This article outlines the training schemes in fetal surgery, including surgical simulator (in vitro) model, animal model, and observer and hands-on training. We have described our Siriraj Fetoscopic Surgical SimulatorTM for the trainee to master his proficiency at his own time and pace.

How to cite this article

Wataganara T. Development of Fetoscopic and Minimally Invasive Ultrasound-guided Surgical Simulator: Part of Global Education. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(3):352-355.
Enhanced EISCAT UHF backscatter during high-energy auroral electron precipitation
Authors: Schlatter N. M. , Ivchenko N. , Sergienko T. , Gustavsson B. , Brändström B. U. E.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Natural enhancements in the backscattered power of incoherent scatter radars up to 5 orders of magnitudes above the thermal backscatter are sometimes observed at high latitudes. Recently observations of enhancements in the backscattered power including a feature at zero Doppler shift have been reported. These enhancements are limited in altitude to tens of kilometers. The zero Doppler shift feature has been interpreted as a signature of electron density cavitation. Enhanced plasma lines during these observations have also been reported. We report on the first EISCAT UHF observations of enhanced backscattered radar power including a zero Doppler shift feature. The enhancements originated from two distinct and intermittent layers at about 200 km altitude. The altitude extent of the enhancements, observed during auroral high-energy electron precipitation, was < 2 km.
ADISM v.1.0: an adjoint of a thermomechanical ice-sheet model obtained using an algorithmic differentiation tool
Authors: McGovern J. , Rutt I. , Utke J. , Murray T.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. A number of problems in contemporary glaciology could benefit from the application of adjoint models. On a simple level, adjoint models can be used to calculate ice-sheet sensitivities with respect to spatially varying parameters such as the basal sliding coefficient. At a more sophisticated level, adjoint models may be used as components of variational data assimilation schemes, allowing problems of model initialization and data-constrained evolution to be tackled. Fundamentally, adjoint models calculate the sensitivity of a cost function to a suite of control parameters. Such model sensitivities can alternatively be obtained by running the model many times, perturbing each control parameter separately in turn, and calculating the resulting sensitivity in each case. For large numbers of control parameters, however, such as the case where a control parameter corresponds to each point in the model domain, the computational cost becomes prohibitive. The use of adjoint models allows sensitivities to be obtained more efficiently – adjoint model sensitivities are obtained in a single run – and more accurately, since the differentiation of the model is done with machine precision. We present a finite-difference shallow ice approximation (SIA), thermomechanical ice-sheet model (the forward model), and its adjoint, as generated by using the OpenAD algorithmic differentiation tool. We verify the ice-sheet model using standard SIA benchmark tests and check the consistency between derivatives computed by OpenAD and certain numerically approximated derivatives. Typical adjoint calculations are demonstrated by application to the Greenland ice sheet.
Daily precipitation records over mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands
Authors: Ramis C. , Homar V. , Amengual A. , Romero R. , Alonso S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Understanding the spatial distribution of extreme precipitations is of major interest in order to improve our knowledge of the climate of a region and its relationship with society. These analyses inevitably require the use of directly observed values to account for the actual extreme amounts rather than analyzed gridded values. A study of daily rainfall extremes observed over mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands is performed by using records from 8135 rain gauge stations from the Spanish Weather Agency (AEMET). Results show that the heaviest daily precipitations have been observed mainly on the coastal Mediterranean zone from Gibraltar to the Pyrenees. In particular, a record value of 817 mm was recorded in the Valencia region in 1987. The current map of daily records in Spain, which updates the pioneering work of the Spanish meteorologist Font, shows similar distribution of extreme events but with notably higher amounts. Generalized extreme values distributions fit the Mediterranean and Atlantic rain gauge measurements and shows the different characteristics of the extreme daily precipitations in both regions. We identify the most extreme events (above 500 mm per day) and provide a brief description of a typical meteorological situation in which these damaging events occur. An analysis of the low-level circulation patterns producing such extremes – by means of simple indices such as NAO, WeMOi and IBEI – confirms the relevance of local flows in the generation of either Mediterranean or Atlantic episodes. WeMOi, and even more IBEI, are good discriminants of the region affected by the record precipitation event.
Review Article: Economic evaluation of flood damage to agriculture – review and analysis of existing methods
Authors: Brémond P. , Grelot F. , Agenais A.-L.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. In Europe, economic evaluation of flood management projects is increasingly used to help decision making. At the same time, the management of flood risk is shifting towards new concepts such as giving more room to water by restoring floodplains. Agricultural areas are particularly targeted by projects following those concepts since they are frequently located in floodplain areas and since the potential damage to such areas is expected to be lower than to cities or industries for example. Additional or avoided damage to agriculture may have a major influence on decisions concerning these projects and the economic evaluation of flood damage to agriculture is thus an issue that needs to be tackled. The question of flood damage to agriculture can be addressed in different ways. This paper reviews and analyzes existing studies which have developed or used damage functions for agriculture in the framework of an economic appraisal of flood management projects. A conceptual framework of damage categories is proposed for the agricultural sector. The damage categories were used to structure the review. Then, a total of 42 studies are described, with a detailed review of 26 of them, based on the following criteria: types of damage considered, the influential flood parameters chosen, and monetized damage indicators used. The main recommendations resulting from this review are that even if existing methods have already focused on damage to crops, still some improvement is needed for crop damage functions. There is also a need to develop damage functions for other agricultural damage categories, including farm buildings and their contents. Finally, to cover all possible agricultural damage, and in particular loss of activity, a farm scale approach needs to be used.
Anomalies of total column CO and O3 associated with great earthquakes in recent years
Authors: Cui Y. , Du J. , Zhang D. , Sun Y.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Variations of total column CO and O3 in the atmosphere over the epicenter areas of 35 great earthquakes that occurred throughout the world in recent years were studied based on the hyper-spectrum data from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). It was found that anomalous increases of CO and/or O3 concentrations occurred over the epicenter areas of 12 earthquakes among the 35 studied ones. However, increases in both CO and O3 concentrations were found for 6 earthquakes. The O3 anomalies appeared in the month when the earthquake occurred and lasted for a few months, whereas CO anomalies occurred irregularly. The duration of CO and O3 anomalies related to the earthquakes ranged from 1 to 6 months. The anomalies of CO concentration related to the earthquake can be mainly attributed to gas emission from the lithosphere and photochemical reaction, while the anomalous increases in O3 concentration can be mainly due to the transport of O3-enriched air and photochemical reaction. However, more work needs to be done in order to understand the mechanism of the CO and O3 anomalies further.
Transformation of internal solitary waves at the "deep" and "shallow" shelf: satellite observations and laboratory experiment
Authors: Shishkina O. D. , Sveen J. K. , Grue J.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. An interaction of internal solitary waves with the shelf edge in the time periods related to the presence of a pronounced seasonal pycnocline in the Red Sea and in the Alboran Sea is analysed via satellite photos and SAR images. Laboratory data on transformation of a solitary wave of depression while passing along the transverse bottom step were obtained in a tank with a two-layer stratified fluid. The certain difference between two characteristic types of hydrophysical phenomena was revealed both in the field observations and in experiments. The hydrological conditions for these two processes were named the "deep" and the "shallow" shelf respectively. The first one provides the generation of the secondary periodic short internal waves – "runaway" edge waves – due to change in the polarity of a part of a soliton approaching the shelf normally. Another one causes a periodic shear flow in the upper quasi-homogeneous water layer with the period of incident solitary wave. The strength of the revealed mechanisms depends on the thickness of the water layer between the pycnocline and the shelf bottom as well as on the amplitude of the incident solitary wave.
Iapetus and Japheth: Hesiod’s Theogony, Iliad 15.187-93, and Genesis 9-10
Authors: Louden Bruce
Published: October 2013

Genesis, as it adapts the Deluge from Mesopotamian sources, for the sequel, transforms Hesiod’s account of Cronus’ castration of Uranus, and the unspecified wrongdoing of his brother Iapetus, mixing it with the type of myth depicted in Iliad 15, where three brothers draw lots to determine their portions. This results in Genesis 9-10’s mysterious depiction of Ham seeing the genitals of the drunk Noah, who, when awake, curses not Ham but his son Canaan, while bestowing blessings on his two other sons, Shem and Japheth, father of Javan (= Greek Ion). Parallel wordplay in the Theogony and Genesis affirm the link.
What Was He Reading Exactly? Marcus Argentarius,AP9.161 (= 1369-72GP), and Hesiod’sWorks and Days
Authors: Vergados Athanassios
Published: October 2013

In this paper I argue against a recent interpretation of AP 9.161 (Marcus Argentarius) that reads in the epigram a play with the canonical order of Hesiod’s poems. Instead of connecting this epigram with Hesiod’s Catalogue, I posit an allusion to the series of maxims in Hesiod’s Op. 299-382.
Plutarch, Alexander, and Dream Divination
Authors: King Carol J.
Published: October 2013

An oft-emphasized psychological approach to the dream experience has long overshadowed the ancient belief that a divine element in human affairs could be interpreted through dreams. Ample evidence for this belief and for dream divination as practiced by military leaders is found in Plutarch’s Lives, yet this has been largely neglected. Examination of the nine dreams in the Life of Alexander and other comparable dreams within their broader historical contexts suggests that dream divination is less marginal than generally thought and that consultation of professional interpreters was customary for kings and military commanders, especially in times of crisis.
The Sobbin’ Women: Romulus, Plutarch, and Stephen Vincent Benét
Authors: Connors Catherine
Published: October 2013

The short story The Sobbin’ Women by the American writer Stephen Vincent Benét (1898-1943) retells the legend of Romulus’ capture of the Sabine women by setting it on the American frontier. Benét’s version of the story is based closely on Plutarch’s Life of Romulus. During his literary career, Benét turned several times to Plutarch as a way of exploring themes of history, justice and liberty, and his readings of and responses to Plutarch’s Rome offer a distinctive case study in American idealizing discourse about Rome.
The Bough and the Lock: Fighting Fate in theAeneid
Authors: Hejduk Julia
Published: October 2013

This paper examines similarities between Dido’s Lock and the Golden Bough, arguing that the struggle of these objects is linked to the contingency of Fate. It then suggests that the entry of the Trojan Horse into Troy and the sacrifice of Turnus, both of which exhibit similar "hesitation," are symbolically connected to the Lock and the Bough, hinting again that Fate is less ironclad than commonly supposed. It concludes that in his depiction of key "fatal" objects Virgil provides a symbolic language in which to ponder the mystery of Fate and free will.
Poetics of Elision in theSiluae
Authors: Heinen Dustin
Published: October 2013

The lengthy descriptions in the Siluae of Statius evolved from, but stand in, unique contrast with earlier examples found in epic and epigrammatic poems. Statius’ poetics of elision, the practice of gapping or suppressing visual information in favor of verbal description or emotional response, is a means through which Statius propagates Flavian cultural and political ideology. The author uses but limits detailed visual information in his descriptions and favors instead stock descriptions that relate the drastic level of metamorphosis. This narrative type of description in the Siluae is typically overlooked or stated only as a concession when details are lacking or inaccurate, but Statius’ focus on vivid descriptions and artistic representation in his ekphrastic works is crucial to the success of these poems.
The Chariot Race and the Destiny of the Empire in Statius’Thebaid
Authors: Rebeggiani Stefano
Published: October 2013

This article examines how Statius incorporates and gives poetic expression to Roman anxieties about succession. In the chariot race in Thebaid 6, Statius’ presentation of Polynices as a new Phaethon connects the young Theban to Nero, the incapable leader and unworthy successor. Conversely, both the chariot race and the scene of Amphiaraus’ death encourage the reader to regard the seer as a positive "ruler-figure." This strategy paves the way for Statius’ description of Amphiaraus’ succession in Thebaid 8, an account which seems to be influenced both by the political debate on succession current in the late first century and by accounts of imperial acclamations.
From Crisis to Consensus: Salutary Ideology and the Murder of Agrippina
Authors: Luke Trevor
Published: October 2013

This article examines the response of the court of Nero and the Senate to Agrippina’s murder in terms of imperial ideology and ceremony. Our ancient sources, particularly Tacitus, depict the events after Agrippina’s murder in order to highlight the wickedness of Nero, the complicity of Burrus and Seneca, and the adulation of the Senate. The re-contextualization of these events in imperial ideology regarding the Salus of the emperor and the state, as well as practices related to damnatio memoriae, brings the activities of Nero’s court and the Senate surrounding the matricide into clearer historical focus.
Three primary testicular tumours: Trials and tribulations of testicular preservation
Authors: Forbes Connor M , Metcalfe Charles , Murray Nevin , Black Peter C
Published: October 2013

Balancing recurrence risk, side effects and patient preference in the treatment of multiple metachronous testicular tumours can be challenging. We present the case of a young male patient who developed 3 different primary testicular neoplasms over an 8-year period, each associated with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy requiring chemotherapy. The first tumour at age 19 was managed with radical orchiectomy. Four years later, a partial orchiectomy was performed to remove 2 small lesions. Another 4 years later, a complete orchiectomy was required for an additional tumour. This case highlights the caveats of testis-sparing surgery for testis cancer and the need for careful surveillance in these patients.
Canadian guideline on genetic screening for hereditary renal cell cancers
Authors: Reaume M. Neil , Graham Gail E. , Tomiak Eva , Kamel-Reid Suzanne , Jewett Michael A.S. , Bjarnason Georg A , Blais Normand , Care Melanie , Drachenberg Darryl , Gedye Craig , Grant Ronald , Heng Daniel Y.C. , Kapoor Anil , Kollmannsberger Christian , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Maher Eamonn R. , Pause Arnim , Ruether Dean , Soulieres Denis , Tanguay Simon , Turcotte Sandra , Violette Philippe D. , Wood Lori , Basiuk Joan , Pautler Stephen E.
Published: October 2013

Background: Hereditary renal cell cancer (RCC) is an ideal model for germline genetic testing. We propose a guideline of hereditary RCC specific criteria to suggest referral for genetic assessment.Methods: A review of the literature and stakeholder resources for existing guidelines or consensus statements was performed. Referral criteria were developed by expert consensus.Results: The criteria included characteristics for patients with RCC (age ≤45 years, bilateral or multifocal tumours, associated medical conditions and non-clear cell histologies with unusual features) and for patients with or without RCC, but a family history of specific clinical or genetic diagnoses.Conclusions: This guideline represents a practical RCC-specific reference to allow healthcare providers to identify patients who may have a hereditary RCC syndrome, without extensive knowledge of each syndrome. RCC survivors and their families can also use the document to guide their discussions with healthcare providers about their need for referral. The criteria refer to the most common hereditary renal tumour syndromes and do not represent a comprehensive or exclusive list. Prospective validation of the criteria is warranted.
Global perspective of treatment failures
Authors: Herschorn Sender
Published: October 2013

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent condition, affecting approximately 18% of adult Canadians. The impact of OAB is substantial, negatively affecting quality of life, sexuality and work productivity. Furthermore, patients with OAB are at increased risk of several other important comorbidities, including mood and anxiety disorders. Despite widespread availability of efficacious treatment, research has shown that OAB remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
New agents to treat lower urinary tract and pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Kelleher Cornelius
Published: October 2013

For patients with overactive bladder and a suboptimal response to antimuscarinic therapy, there are several options to consider including alteration of the antimuscarinic regimen, switching to an agent with an alternate mechanism of action (i.e., mirabegron), posterior tibial nerve stimulation, or botulinum toxin. These options are summarized in this brief review.
Update on management of post-prostatectomy incontinence in 2013
Authors: Herschorn Sender
Published: October 2013

Surgical intervention is often required to address urinary incontinence post-prostatectomy. This summary provides an overview of surgical intervention in post-prostatectomy incontinent patients and of the evidence supporting the various surgical interventions currently in use.
Posterior urethral complications of radical prostatectomy
Authors: Coburn Michael
Published: October 2013

The incidence of vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis following radical prostatectomy has fallen over the past two decades, but it remains a relatively common complication of this procedure. Options for management include endoscopic and surgical approaches. These options are briefly discussed in this review and a management algorithm is proposed.
Managing women with complex presentations: How to approach concomitant prolapse and voiding dysfunction
Authors: Kelleher Cornelius
Published: October 2013

Concomitant pelvic organ prolapse and voiding difficulties (e.g., incontinence) can both be corrected surgically at the same time. Voiding dysfunction secondary to incontinence surgery is uncommon, but does occur even in the most experienced hands. Surgical re-intervention can correct these post-surgical voiding difficulties.
Sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Rogers Rebecca G.
Published: October 2013

Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) can impact sexual function. This summary provides an overview of the impact of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse and their treatments on sexual function. In general, interventions that successfully address PFDs will generally improve sexual function as well. However, there are patients whose sexual function will remain unchanged despite treatment, and a small but significant minority who will report worsened sexual function following treatment for their pelvic floor dysfunction.
Pelvic floor disorders: Case study
Authors: Flood Catherine
Published: October 2013

Interactive case study discussions were an integral part of the program at the 3rd Annual  Canadian Urology Forum (2013). The following is a summary of discussions pertaining to a case illustrating the difficulties in the management of pelvic floor disorders.
Vaginal mass caused by a lately recognized congenital bladder diverticulum
Authors: Zengin Kürşad , Tanik Serhat , Gurdal Mesut , Okur Aylin , Zengin Betul
Published: October 2013

Congenital bladder diverticula are strongly associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and are mostly present in childhood. The most common symptom is urinary tract infection at the time of admission. The diverticulum is usually solitary and its locationis near the ureteral orifice, which is probably the main cause of VUR. We report a woman who presented with a vaginal mass located on the right inferior part of the external urethral meatus. The patient had a history of recurrent urinary tract infection and right nephrectomy due to VUR nephropathy. We examined her with cystography, computerized tomography, and cystoscopy. The cystoscopic examination was very diagnostic in our patient. The patient underwent diverticulectomy, and after 6 months of follow-up, her complaints had completely disappeared.
Perioperative, oncological, and functional outcomes of the first robotic prostatectomy program in Quebec: Single fellowship-trained surgeon's experience of 250 cases
Authors: Al-Hathal Naif , El-Hakim Assaad
Published: October 2013

Background: Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is being increasingly done in Canada. Despite this, the Canadian literature lacks publications on the oncologic and functional outcomes of RARP. The objective of this study is to report the longest single surgeon experience in the province of Quebec.Methods: We collected prospective data from 250 consecutive patients who underwent RARP by a single fellowship trained surgeon (AEH) from October 2006 to October 2012. Mean follow-up was 28 months (range: 1-72). The D’Amico risk stratification distribution was 34% in low-risk, 48% in intermediate-risk and 18% in high-risk groups.Results: The mean operation time (±SD) was 194 ± 60.6 minutes, and estimated blood loss 318 ± 179 mL. The transfusion rate was only 0.4%. All procedures were completed robotically. The mean hospital stay was 1.2 days, and 88% of patients were discharged on postoperative day 1. The mean catheterization time was 7 days (range: 6-13). There were 2% major (Clavien III-IV) and 7.2% minor (Clavien I-II) postoperative complications, and no mortalities. On final pathology, 76% of patients were organ-confined and 70% specimen-confined. Pathological Gleason sum ≥7 accounted for 86%. Return of urinary continence (0-pads) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months was 73.3%, 83.5%, 92.3%, 96.5%, respectively. Potency rate (successful penetration with or without medication) at 6,12, and 24 months was 49.3%, 85%, and 95.3%, respectively. Operative time and positive surgical margin (PSM) in organ-confined disease (pT2) decreased significantly after 50 cases. Seventeen patients (6.8%) had no undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at first visit (PSA <0.1 ng/mL). Of the remaining 233 patients, biochemical recurrence (PSA >0.2 ng/mL) was 4.7% (11 patients), and another 3.4% (8 patients) received early salvage radiotherapy (rising PSA, but <0.2 ng/mL). No patients with undetectable PSA required salvage treatments within 6 months postoperatively.Conclusions: Our results compare favourably with high-volume RARP programs, despite mainly intermediate- to high-risk disease. Initial learning curve was estimated to be 50 cases. Fellowship training was instrumental in achieving adequate functional and oncological outcomes, while maintaining low complications rate.
Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in a patient with a left ventricular assist device
Authors: Nayak Jasmir G. , White Christopher , Nates Wayne , Sharda Rajan , Horne David , Kaler Kam , Lytwyn Mark , Grocott Hilary P. , Freed Darren H. , McGregor Thomas
Published: October 2013

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is an established treatment option for select patients with advanced heart failure. Advances in technology and patient management have resulted in improved post-implant outcomes. Consequently, more patients with LVADs are presenting for evaluation and care of non-cardiac surgical disease. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding the optimal perioperative and surgical management of such patients. We present the case of a 71-year-old male with a HeartMate II (Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA) LVAD, who underwent a laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy for an upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. His perioperative course was uneventful due to the multidisciplinary efforts of cardiac surgery, cardiac anesthesia, nephrology and urology. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in a patient with a HeartMate II LVAD.
Report of a rare fistula between a Studer neobladder and external iliac artery
Authors: Kuntz Nicholas J , Inman Brant A
Published: October 2013

A neobladder-arterial fistula is a very rare complication following cystectomy, with only 1 previously reported case. Delay in diagnosis can be rapidly fatal and requires prompt intervention. We report the case of a 63-year-old male who developed massive hematuria, and was found to have a fistula between the right external iliac artery and Studer neobladder during emergent exploratory laparotomy. Treatment success relies on a high index of suspicion and may include open operative intervention.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists for urinary obstruction in prostate cancer
Authors: Tai Patricia , Amjad Asim , Koul Rashmi , Sadikov Evgeny , Dubey Arbind
Published: October 2013

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists rapidly reduce testosterone and are preferred to LHRH agonists in situations when early response is important. The lack of flare reaction, as compared to LHRH agonists, is particularly desirable as it would not aggravate the problem. A 78-year-old man presented with symptoms of urinary tract obstruction. He had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 91.3 ug/L and serum creatinine 146 umol/L. He had a large pelvic mass due to histologically confirmed prostate cancer, resulting in moderate left hydronephrosis and deteriorating renal function (serum creatinine of 163 umol/L). He was started on combined degarelix and bicalutamide on the day of consultation (day 0). The hydronephrosis resolved on the repeat computerized tomography scan performed on day 10. Serum creatinine normalized to under 130 umol/L on day 18. The PSA fell to 11 ug/L on day 18, 2.8 ug/L on day 28, and 0.5 ug/L on day 53. Therefore, LHRH antagonists are particularly useful in urgent situations. It is the preferred choice in these circumstances.
A prospective analysis of consultation for difficult urinary catheter insertion at tertiary care centres in Northern Alberta
Authors: Bacsu Chasta , Van Zyl Stephan , Rourke Keith Francis
Published: October 2013

Background: Difficult urinary catheterization (DUC) is a frequent reason for urologic consultation. Literature regarding DUC is limited. The objective of the study is to examine the current practice pattern of DUC and identify strategies to reduce its incidence and related adverse events.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of consultation for DUC at tertiary care centres in Edmonton, Alberta between October 2010 and February 2011. All urologic consultations for DUC in adults at the 2 tertiary hospitals were enrolled. Patients were managed according to the current regional standard of care established prior to the study. A clinical encounter questionnaire (CEQ) was completed by the urology service regarding details of the consultation and patient factors. CEQ results were tabulated and analyzed for trends, areas of strengths and weakness in the consultation process.Results: In total, 89 patients were accrued to the study. Mean age was 67 years and 91% were male. Seventeen percent of patients had history of previous DUC and 65% had urologic history. Forty-two percent of patients had catheter placement without any auxiliary tools. Adverse events, including urosepsis, bladder perforation, hydrouterus, paraphimosis and urethral trauma, were experienced by 37% of patients. Significant urethral injury as a result of catheterization attempts occurred in 32%. Forty-one percent of consultations were classified as inappropriate and 53% occurred between 5 pm and 6:30 am.Conclusion: DUC is associated with significant patient morbidity and may often be preventable. This study highlights the need for implementation of preventive strategies, widespread education and increased awareness regarding catheter care.
Adipose-Derived Cell Construct Stabilizes Heart Function and Increases Microvascular Perfusion in an Established Infarct
Authors: LeBlanc Amanda J. , Nguyen Quang T. , Touroo Jeremy S. , Aird Allison L. , Chang Raymond C. , Ng Chin K. , Hoying James B. , Williams Stuart K.
Published: October 2013

We have previously shown that myocardial infarction (MI) immediately treated with an epicardial construct containing stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue preserved microvascular function and left ventricle contractile mechanisms. In order to evaluate a more clinically relevant condition, we investigated the cardiac recovery potential of an SVF construct implanted onto an established infarct. SVF cells were isolated from rat adipose tissue, plated on Vicryl, and cultured for 14 days. Fischer-344 rats were separated into MI groups: (a) 6-week MI (MI), (b) 6-week MI treated with an SVF construct at 2 weeks (MI SVF), (c) 6-week MI with Vicryl construct at 2 weeks (MI Vicryl), and (d) MI 2wk (time point of intervention). Emax, an indicator of systolic performance and contractile function, was lower in the MI and MI Vicryl versus MI SVF. Positron emission tomography imaging (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) revealed a decreased percentage of relative infarct volume in the MI SVF versus MI and MI Vicryl. Total vessel count and percentage of perfusion assessed via immunohistochemistry were both increased in the infarct region of MI SVF versus MI and MI Vicryl. Overall cardiac function, percentage of relative infarct, and percentage of perfusion were similar between MI SVF and MI 2wk; however, total vessel count increased after SVF treatment. These data suggest that SVF treatment of an established infarct stabilizes the heart at the time point of intervention by preventing a worsening of cardiac performance and infarcted volume, and is associated with increased microvessel perfusion in the area of established infarct.
Puissance(s) du moi
Authors: Devarieux Anne
Published: October 2013

En allant de Maine de Biran à Louis Lavelle, nous allons d’une métaphysique de l’expérience intérieure qui définit l’être du moi comme un volo donné dans le sentiment actuel de sa puissance propre, à une ontologie déclinant les puissances plurielles du moi, à l’intérieur d’une dialectique de la puissance et de l’acte (théorie de la participation). Mais tous deux ont pensé l’intériorité comme un mouvement absolu, secret et irréductible à toute représentation. Attentif à l’évolution de la pensée de Maine de Biran, Louis Lavelle semble avoir développé toutes les potentialités cachées du moi biranien. Un tel mouvement permet d’éclairer la place de Maine de Biran dans l’histoire du spiritualisme français, et de ses héritiers, qu’il s’agisse d’Henri Bergson ou de Michel Henry.
Spiritualisme et spiritualité
Authors: Vieillard-Baron Jean-Louis
Published: October 2013

La recherche pour déterminer ce qu’est une spiritualité philosophique s’appuie sur les oeuvres de Bergson et de Lavelle. Il y a une sensibilité aux choses de l’âme dans cette spiritualité qui n’est pas spécifiquement religieuse. La réalisation personnelle d’une vocation est au coeur de toute spiritualité philosophique, en tant qu’elle est la vie spirituelle d’un homme parmi d’autres hommes. Le spiritualisme est la philosophie qui intègre en elle la demande d’une vie spirituelle.
Les « parties » de l’âme dans la République de Platon
Authors: Fronterotta Francesco
Published: October 2013

La psychologie platonicienne de la République semble être affectée par une contradiction en relation avec la thèse de la tripartition de l’âme. Celle-ci est esquissée dans le livre IV et est toujours présente dans les livres VIII et IX ; Socrate semble pourtant l’abandonner lorsque, dans le livre X, il introduit la thèse selon laquelle l’âme est une réalité double, et peu après parvient, dans la suite du livre X, à démontrer son immortalité, en la décrivant comme une réalité simple, unique et unitaire. J’essaierai de montrer que ces changements de perspective dépendent du point de vue assumé par Platon dans son traitement de la nature et de la fonction de l’âme, dans les contextes que j’appellerai « génétiques », c’est-à-dire là où l’analyse touche à la question du statut ontologique de l’âme, et dans les contextes que j’appellerai « opérationnels », c’est-à-dire lorsque ce sont les fonctions, les compétences et les motivations de l’âme dans sa direction du corps qui font l’objet de l’analyse.
Qu’est-ce que l’oeuvre ? Sur les enjeux de l’exposition, la distribution et la préservation des installations vidéographiques et filmiques
Authors: Noël de Tilly Ariane
Published: October 2013

La nature variable de nombreuses oeuvres d’art contemporain nécessite que celles-ci soient abordées comme des continuums. C’est donc l’étude de l’entièreté de leur cycle de vie qui permet de mieux saisir en quoi elles consistent, conceptuellement et matériellement. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche qui permet de tenir compte de la nature changeante des oeuvres d’arts médiatiques et qui permet également de documenter la formation de leur identité. Dans un second temps, cette approche est illustrée à l’aide d’une figure de cas, soit l’oeuvre As the Hammer Strikes (A Partial Illustration) (1982) de l’artiste canadien John Massey. La reconstruction du cycle de vie de cette oeuvre permet de montrer à quel point chacune de ses expositions, chacune de ses versions, mais aussi sa circulation dans le monde de l’art et sa préservation ont contribué à définir ce qu’est As the Hammer Strikes (A Partial Illustration).
Derrière les potentiomètres, les musiciens de l’Experimentalstudio : entretien avec André Richard
Authors: Boutard Guillaume
Published: October 2013

Dans cet entretien, André Richard, ancien directeur de l’Experimentalstudio de Fribourg-en-Brisgau, nous propose sa vision des enjeux de la transmission du répertoire des musiques mixtes au travers de son parcours au sein de l’institution et des nombreuses collaborations artistiques qu’il y a instaurées. André Richard aborde ainsi des questions aussi diverses que le passage de l’analogique au numérique, les compétences nécessaires dans le cadre de la production des oeuvres, le statut des musiciens du studio, et les enjeux pédagogiques et éditoriaux.
Faisceaux imaginaires et cool medias : This Will Not Be Televised de Nicole Lizée
Authors: McKinley Maxime
Published: October 2013

L’imaginaire de la compositrice Nicole Lizée transforme en les rapprochant des éléments hétéroclites provenant principalement du cinéma, de la philosophie, des arts visuels, ainsi que de médias et de musiques populaires, avec un goût marqué pour les années 1960 à 1980 et l’effet fantomatique de ces emprunts. Cet article illustre ce processus de création à partir d’une des oeuvres marquantes de Lizée : This Will Not Be Televised (2005-2007), pour DJ et sept instruments. L’analyse s’attache à illustrer comment les faisceaux imaginaires de la compositrice se réifient au sein d’un même langage musical, basé ici sur une partie de DJ précisément notée et prolongée par l’ensemble instrumental, et qui fait appel à des stratégies de traitements d’objets culturels, de déploiements répétitifs, de montages par juxtapositions et superpositions, et à une forme continue où les rappels assurent la cohésion. Par cette approche, la compositrice s’intéresse aux liens tissés par la mémoire et la subjectivité de l’auditeur, au « blanc à remplir » caractéristique des cool medias de McLuhan.
Transformations of Lamarckism
Authors: Zeligowski Anna
Published: October 2013

A reappraisal of Lamarckism—its historical impact and contemporary significance.

In 1809—the year of Charles Darwin's birth—Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published Philosophie zoologique, the first comprehensive and systematic theory of biological evolution. The Lamarckian approach emphasizes the generation of developmental variations; Darwinism stresses selection. Lamarck's ideas were eventually eclipsed by Darwinian concepts, especially after the emergence of the Modern Synthesis in the twentieth century. The different approaches—which can be seen as complementary rather than mutually exclusive—have important implications for the kinds of questions biologists ask and for the type of research they conduct. Lamarckism has been evolving—or, in Lamarckian terminology, transforming—since Philosophie zoologique's description of biological processes mediated by "subtle fluids." Essays in this book focus on new developments in biology that make Lamarck's ideas relevant not only to modern empirical and theoretical research but also to problems in the philosophy of biology. Contributors discuss the historical transformations of Lamarckism from the 1820s to the 1940s, and the different understandings of Lamarck and Lamarckism; the Modern Synthesis and its emphasis on Mendelian genetics; theoretical and experimental research on such "Lamarckian" topics as plasticity, soft (epigenetic) inheritance, and individuality; and the importance of a developmental approach to evolution in the philosophy of biology. The book shows the advantages of a "Lamarckian" perspective on evolution. Indeed, the development-oriented approach it presents is becoming central to current evolutionary studies—as can be seen in the burgeoning field of Evo-Devo. Transformations of Lamarckism makes a unique contribution to this research.
Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes
Authors: Nieminen Mauri
Published: October 2013

The objective of the study was to examine response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) in Finland and Norway to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes in 5 areas and in 15 reindeer herding cooperatives during different seasons in 2010-12. There were no significant differences in mean herd size or in sight, alert, flight and closest response distances of wild forest reindeer in the Kuhmo and Suomenselkä areas. The encounter distance in wild forest reindeer was significantly (P< 0.005) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland and in Finnmark, Norway, and it increased with the group size. The sight and the alert distances in wild forest reindeer were significantly (P< 0.001) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer. In addition, the flight distance for wild forest reindeer (mean 192 m) was significantly (P< 0.001) and almost three times longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland (mean 68 m). The closest mean distance was in wild forest reindeer 191m (range 100-320 m) but only 44 m (range 2-110 m) in semi-domestic reindeer (P< 0.001). The sight, alert, flight and closest response distances were slightly longer in Norwegian than in Finnish semi-domestic reindeer. However, these distances were significantly (P<0.005) longer in Pohjois-Salla (no supplementary feeding) than in other Finnish reindeer herding cooperatives and at the Kaamanen experimental station. The mean flight distance of reindeer in Pohjois-Salla was 115 m but only 65 m in other cooperatives (P< 0.001). The closest distance of semi-domestic reindeer in Pohjois-Salla (mean 105 m) was more than 2.5 times longer than in other reindeer herding cooperatives (mean 40 m). The mean sight, alert and flight distances in wild forest reindeer in autumn and winter were significantly longer (P<0.005) than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland. However, during summer these distances in wild forest reindeer herds with young calves were significantly longer (P<0.005). The mean herd size of Finnish semi-domestic reindeer was almost the same in different seasons, but in wild forest reindeer it was slightly bigger during winter and spring and smaller during summer and autumn, only 7-23 reindeer. The mean encounter and sight distances in semi-domestic reindeer were significantly longer (P<0.005) in winter, but the mean alert and flight distances were almost the same in winter and summer and slightly longer than during other seasons. The results suggest that the supplementary feeding practice during winter may likely cause a reduction in flight distances in semi-domestic reindeer.
Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of reactive nitrogen in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Benedict Katherine B. , Chen Xi , Sullivan Amy P. , Li Yi , Day Derek , Prenni Anthony J. , Levin E. J. T. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Malm William C. , Schichtel Bret A. , Collett Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2013

The Grand Teton Reactive Nitrogen Deposition Study (GrandTReNDS) was conducted to provide a more complete look at atmospheric concentrations and deposition fluxes of various reactive nitrogen species in and around Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). Daily measurements of wet deposition, PM2.5 composition, and gaseous ammonia and nitric acid concentrations were made at three locations. Weekly measurements of gaseous ammonia were made at eight additional sites. Ammonia concentrations were higher at the western sites; the study average ammonia concentration west of GTNP was 35 nmol m−3 and on the east side of the park it was 18 nmol m−3. Concentrations of other measured reactive nitrogen species were lower than NH3 and fairly similar at all sites, with averages of approximately 9, 1, and 3 nmol m−3 for ammonium, nitrate, and nitric acid, respectively. Wet deposition of ammonium and dry deposition of ammonia were the largest reactive nitrogen deposition pathways, together accounting for 56% and 62% of the nitrogen deposition on the east and west sides of GTNP, respectively. Nitrogen deposition of measured species totaled 2.38 kg N ha−1 west of GTNP at Driggs, ID (6 April to 21 September 2011), 0.85 kg N ha−1 west of GTNP at a high‐elevation site (28 July to 21 September 2011) and 1.23 kg N · ha−1 at a location on the east side of GTNP (15 May to 21 September 2011). These measurements highlight the significant inputs of reactive nitrogen to regional ecosystems over the few months studied, the importance of including NH3 dry deposition in nitrogen deposition budgets, and the need to conduct further research to capture sources and the annual cycle of deposition.
Influence of Composition and Coking Temperature on the Properties and Microstructure of Carbon Bonded Al2O3–C Filter Materials
Authors: Klemm Yvonne , Biermann Horst , Aneziris Christos
Published: October 2013

To characterize the physical and mechanical properties of carbon‐bonded Al2O3–C filter materials at room and high temperature up to 1600 °C, the influence of the amount of binder and the development of the microstructure during coking were analyzed. The bulk samples were manufactured through a slurry route and afterwards pressed uniaxially. The amount of Carbores® P binder was varied within 5 to 30 wt.% and the samples were coked at temperatures of 800 °C and 1400 °C. Afterwards, the physical (bulk density, open porosity, shrinkage and mechanical properties (cold crushing strength (CCS), cold modulus of rupture (CMOR), refractoriness under load) were determined. The CCS and CMOR values increased with increasing binder content and the results of the refractoriness under load tests show lower thermal expansion and earlier softening of the samples coked at 800 °C.