bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La profesión de las élites castellanas en los monasterios y conventos durante la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Prieto Sayagués Juan Antonio
Published: April 2020

Durante la Baja Edad Media, varios miembros de las élites de poder tomaron el hábito y profesaron en algún monasterio, aunque en número inferior a las mujeres. Se analizan sus motivaciones desde un punto de vista socioeconómico –viudedad, invalidez, bastardía, vasallaje a los patronos y reajustes patrimoniales– y político –contactos previos con la corte–. Se abordan las dinámicas en la profesión de los diferentes estamentos: los oficiales y miembros del entorno de la corte, la alta nobleza y las oligarquías urbanas. Algunos de ellos hicieron carrera eclesiástica dentro de la orden a la que pertenecían o en la clerecía secular, como obispos y arzobispos; esto último, unido a que los religiosos recibieron privilegios y donaciones de la familia real y de la nobleza, dio lugar, además de aumentar las diferencias sociales entre los profesos, al surgimiento de conflictos por las dotes y los bienes donados.AbstractDuring the late Middle Ages, many male members of the political elite took the habit and were professed at a monastery, though to a much lesser extent than women. Their motivations are examined from a socioeconomic perspective (widowhood, disability, bastardy, vassalage to patrons, and changes in wealth) and from a political point of view (previous contacts with the king’s court). We will address the dynamics in the profession of the different estates: the officers and members of the court, the higher nobility and the urban oligarchies. Some of these men attained the dignity of bishop and archbishop while being in a religious order, or as members of the secular clergy. This situation, together with the fact that certain members of the clergy received privileges and donations from the royal family and the nobility, led to an increase in social differences among the clergy, and to conflicts due to dowries and donations.
Reseña de: Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel, Los últimos años de Fernando el Católico 1505-1517
Authors: Barquero Goñi Carlos
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel, Los últimos años de Fernando el Católico 1505-1517. Madrid, Dykinson, 2019, 2ª edición revisada, 336 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1324-375-7.
Algunas condiciones de legitimidad del principio del bien jurídico penalmente protegido
Authors: Cardona Barber Antonio
Published: April 2020

El Derecho penal sirve para proteger determinados bienes jurídicos, los más importantes para el individuo y la sociedad. Ahora bien, qué límites o márgenes deben exigirse para que los bienes jurídicos protegidos puedan ser considerados bienes jurídicos «legítimamente» protegidos es una pregunta que genera cierta discusión doctrinal. En este sentido, por medio de este artículo se intentará abordar esta cuestión. Criminal law serves to protect certain interests, the most important for the individual and society. However, what limits or margins must be demanded so that protected legal rights can be considered as “legally” protected legal interests is a question that generates a certain doctrinal discussion. In this sense, this article will attempt to address this issue through this article.
Recensión a Daniel Rodríguez Horcajo: Comportamiento humano y pena estatal: disuasión, cooperación y equidad, Marcial Pons, Madrid, 2016, 350 págs.
Authors: Paredes Castañón Manuel
Published: April 2020

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Transformações da identidade feminina ao tornar-se mãe
Authors: Machado Ana Caroline , Da Silva Camila Cristine , Laturraghe de Moraes Melo Stefanni , Becker da Silva Andressa Melina
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender os sentimentos de transformações da identidade feminina ao tornar-se mãe, buscando compreender o período puerperal e os sentimentos envoltos dessa fase. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com caráter misto, netnográfica e exploratória, realizada através de um questionário online, por meio do Google Forms, o qual alcançou 479 participantes. Os resultados qualitativos foram interpretados através do software Iramuteq e os quantitativos pelo software SPSS 23.0. Através dos resultados obtidos percebeu-se que as mulheres, ao tornarem-se mães, passam por um período de ambivalência, o qual sentem um misto de emoções, tais como tristeza e felicidade. Esse momento traz impactos positivos e negativos para as mulheres, além das transformações físicas e psíquicas. Observou-se que algumas mulheres compreendem e tratam com naturalidade e tranquilidade essa nova fase, enquanto outras sentem dificuldades, colocando-se em segundo plano e acreditando que seu papel social é apenas ser mãe. Destaca-se a importância do suporte psicológico para essas mulheres, visando resgatar suas qualidades, valores e papéis sociais, além do ser mãe.
Minor Millets: A Power House of Nutrients
Authors: Nithyashree K. , Geetha K. , Hiremath Netravati , Muthuraju R.
Published: April 2020

Millets have substantial benefits as a drought-resistant crop, yield good productivity in the areas with water scarcity, possesses remarkable edibles and nutritive values. Nutritional quality of food is the most important parameter for maintaining human health and complete physical wellbeing. Since nutritional wellbeing is the driving force for development and maximization of human genetic potential. Therefore the study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient composition of selected minor millet. The mean moisture content of millet ranged from 8.0 to 10.1 percent. Among the minor millet proso (12.3g/100g) and foxtail millet (12.0g/100g) showed the highest protein content than other millets and lowest was in barnyard millet (6.3g/100g). Fat and ash content in millets ranged from 0.9 to 4.4g/100g and 1.3 to 2.0g/100g respectively. The highest crude fiber content was recorded in barnyard millet (9.9g/100g), followed by kodo millet (9.2g/100g) and lowest in proso millet (2.3g/100g). Carbohydrate content in finger millet was significantly higher (76.3g/100g), followed by proso millet (74.0g/100g) and least was recorded in foxtail millet (67.0g/100g). The energy value of selected millets ranged from 330 to 362 Kcal. Results showed that ‘F’ value indicated a significant difference to exist among the selected millets for all the nutrients studied (p≤0.05).

Millets have substantial benefits as a drought-resistant crop, yield good productivity in the areas with water scarcity, possesses remarkable edibles and nutritive values. Nutritional quality of food is the most important parameter for maintaining human health and complete physical wellbeing. Since nutritional wellbeing is the driving force for development and maximization of human genetic potential. Therefore the study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient composition of selected minor millet. The mean moisture content of millet ranged from 8.0 to 10.1 percent. Among the minor millet proso (12.3g/100g) and foxtail millet (12.0g/100g) showed the highest protein content than other millets and lowest was in barnyard millet (6.3g/100g). Fat and ash content in millets ranged from 0.9 to 4.4g/100g and 1.3 to 2.0g/100g respectively. The highest crude fiber content was recorded in barnyard millet (9.9g/100g), followed by kodo millet (9.2g/100g) and lowest in proso millet (2.3g/100g). Carbohydrate content in finger millet was significantly higher (76.3g/100g), followed by proso millet (74.0g/100g) and least was recorded in foxtail millet (67.0g/100g). The energy value of selected millets ranged from 330 to 362 Kcal. Results showed that ‘F’ value indicated a significant difference to exist among the selected millets for all the nutrients studied (p≤0.05).
Tobacco use in the treatment trenches
Authors: de Miranda John
Published: April 2020

As reported here (see “Dirty Words: Smoker, Vaper, Harm Reductionist?” ADAW, Oct. 14, 2019; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32509), recently I have focused much of my time on raising alarms about the very high rates of smoking among addiction treatment and recovery populations. In addition to archival research, I have conducted a series of key informant interviews to better understand the roots of our field's ongoing reluctance to address this issue. These interviews with national leaders in the alcohol and drug field confirmed that when presented with statistics about the very high rates of cigarette smoking among treatment and recovery populations, there is widespread consternation about the resulting tobacco‐related mortality and morbidity. Paradoxically, however, this concern has not translated into strong remedial action.
A New Strategy of Constructing a Highly Fluorinated Solid‐Electrolyte Interface towards High‐Performance Lithium Anode
Authors: Li Panlong , Feng Wuliang , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: April 2020

Lithium fluoride (LiF)‐rich solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) layers are reported as an effective method to suppress lithium dendrites growth and capacity fading for Li‐plating/Li‐stripping. Herein, a new pre‐fluorination strategy is proposed by constructing an MgF2 thin film on pristine copper foil via the magnetron sputtering. This MgF2 film proves a lithiophilic substrate and shows highly irreversible conversion reaction to LiF in the first cycle. The resulting uniform LiF‐rich dual‐layered SEI layer helps homogenize lithium ions flux, and remaining magnesium metal particles help reduce the overpotential of lithium nucleation, which regulates the behavior of Li‐plating/Li‐stripping. As a result, the half‐cells (with a fixed plating capacity of 0.5 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2) with the electrode after 3 min sputtering treatment show a long cycle life and a high average Coulombic efficiencies (98.3% for 600 cycles). This pre‐fluorination strategy paves an effective and facile way for the application of lithium metal batteries.
Insights into the Storage Mechanism of Layered VS2 Cathode in Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiao , He Qiu , Xu Xiaoming , Xiong Tengfei , Xiao Zhitong , Meng Jiashen , Wang Xuanpeng , Wu Lu , Chen Jinghui , Mai Liqiang
Published: April 2020

VS2 is one of the attractive layered cathodes for alkali metal‐ion batteries. However, the understanding of the detailed reaction processes and energy storage mechanism is still inadequate. Herein, the Li+/Na+/K+ insertion/extraction mechanisms of VS2 cathode are elucidated on the basis of experimental analyses and theoretical simulations. It is found that the insertion/extraction behavior of Li+ is partially irreversible, while the insertion/extraction behavior of Na+/K+ is completely reversible. The detailed intermediates and final products (Li0.33VS2, LiVS2, Na0.5VS2, NaVS2, K0.6VS2, KzVS2, z > 0.6) during the discharging/charging processes are identified, indicating that VS2 undergoes different phase transitions and solid–solution reactions in different battery systems, which have a great influence on the battery performance. Moreover, the diffusion of Na+ in VS2 cathode is demonstrated to be much slower than that of Li+ and K+. Such mechanistic research provides a reference for in‐depth understanding of energy storage in layered transition metal sulfides/selenides.
Detailed modeling of the kraft pulping chemistry: carbohydrate reactions
Authors: Fearon Olesya , Nykänen Vesa , Kuitunen Susanna , Ruuttunen Kyösti , Alén Raimo , Alopaeus Ville , Vuorinen Tapani
Published: April 2020

The article introduces a detailed model for carbohydrate chemistry in kraft pulping. This article is continuation to the modeling work carried out for hot water extraction and chemical pulp bleaching. The model includes galactoglucomannan, xylan, and cellulose acid–base equilibria, in addition to peeling, stopping, and alkaline hydrolysis reactions of the same carbohydrates, as well as hexenuronic acid formation and degradation reactions. The Arrhenius parameters were applied from the literature or regressed against experimental data in the present study. The model is very successful in predicting the experimental data of carbohydrate reactions during kraft pulping. Many features of the pulping‐related model can be applied to specific fractionation chemistry considerations. The detailed knowledge on carbohydrates composition at any stage of pulping gives possibility for further development of biorefinery cases based on kraft pulping, such as biofuel and chemicals production.
In Situ Construction of an Ultra‐Stable Conductive Composite Interface for High‐Voltage All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shi Kai , Wan Zipei , Yang Lu , Zhang Yiwen , Huang Yanfei , Su Shiming , Xia Heyi , Jiang Keling , Shen Lu , Hu Yi , Zhang Shiqi , Yu Jing , Ren Fuzeng , He Yan‐Bing , Kang Feiyu
Published: April 2020

The garnet electrolyte presents poor wettability with Li metal, resulting in an extremely large interfacial impedance and drastic growth of Li dendrites. Herein, a novel ultra‐stable conductive composite interface (CCI) consisting of LiySn alloy and Li3N is constructed in situ between Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) pellet and Li metal by a conversion reaction of SnNx with Li metal at 300 °C. The LiySn alloy as a continuous and robust bridge between LLZTO and Li metal can effectively reduce the LLZTO/Li interfacial resistance from 4468.0 Ω to 164.8 Ω. Meanwhile, the Li3N as a fast Li‐ion channel can efficiently transfer Li ions and give their uniform distribution at the LLZTO/Li interface. Therefore, the Li/LLZTO@CCI/Li symmetric battery stably cycles for 1200 h without short circuit, and the all‐solid‐state high‐voltage Li/LLZTO@CCI/LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 battery achieves a specific capacity of 161.4 mAh g−1 at 0.25 C with a capacity retention rate of 92.6 % and coulombic efficiency of 100.0 % after 200 cycles at 25 °C.
Biokatalytische Reduktionen aus der Sicht eines Chemikers
Authors: Hollmann Frank , Opperman Diederik J. , Paul Caroline E.
Published: April 2020

Reduktionsreaktionen spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der organischen Chemie zur Synthese chiraler Produkte. Insbesondere Enzyme katalysieren solche Reaktionen in hoher Stereo‐, Regio‐ und Chemoselektivität. Somit eröffnen sie kürzere Alternativrouten zur Synthese von Spezial‐ und Bulkchemikalien. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt den aktuellen Stand, die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten enzymkatalysierter Reduktionen von (konjugierten) Carbonylverbindungen, Aromaten sowie der reduktiven Aminierung.
Excitonically Coupled Cyclic BF2 Arrays of Calix[8]‐ and Calix[16]phyrin as Near‐IR‐Chromophores
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Duan Zhiming , Talukdar Sangita , Lei Chuanhu , Kim Dongho , Sessler Jonathan L. , Sarma Tridib
Published: April 2020

Two giant calix[n]phyrin derivatives namely calix[8]‐ (4) and calix[16]phyrin (5), involving two and four BF2 units, respectively, were prepared through the condensation of the bis‐naphthobipyrrolylmethene‐BF2 complex (3) with pentafluorobenzaldehyde. Calix[n]phyrins 4 and 5 display extremely high extinction coefficients (3.67 and 4.82×105 m−1 cm−1, respectively) in the near‐IR region, which was taken as initial evidence for strong excitonic coupling within these cyclic multi‐chromophoric systems. Detailed insights into the effect of excitonic coupling dynamics on the electronic structure and photophysical properties of the macrocycles came from fluorescence, time‐correlated single‐photon counting (TCSPC) and transient absorption (TA) measurements. Support for these experimental findings came from theoretical studies. Theory and experiment confirmed that the coupling between the excitons depends on the specifics of the calix[n]phyrin structure, not just its size.
A Highly Efficient Dimeric Manganese‐Catalyzed Selective Hydroarylation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Pang Yubo , Liu Gengtu , Huang Congcong , Yuan Xiang‐Ai , Li Weipeng , Xie Jin
Published: April 2020

We have developed a general and site‐predictable manganese‐catalyzed hydroarylation of internal alkynes in the presence of water, under an air atmosphere without the involvement of ligand. The unique catalytic feature of this reaction is highlighted by comparison with other widely used transition metal catalysts including palladium, rhodium, nickel, or copper. The simple operation, high efficiency and excellent functional group compatibility make this protocol practical for more than 90 structurally diverse internal alkynes, overcoming the influence of both electronic and steric effect of alkynes. Its exclusive regio‐ and chemoselectivity originates from the unique reactivity of the manganese‐based catalyst towards an inherent double controlled strategy of sterically hindered propargyl alcohols without the installing of external directing groups. Its synthetic robustness and practicality have been illustrated by the concise synthesis of bervastatin, a hypolipidemic drug, and late‐stage modification of complex alkynes with precise regioselectivity.
Chemical Modification of Reducing End‐Groups in Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Heise Katja , Delepierre Gwendoline , King Alistair W. T. , Kostiainen Mauri A. , Zoppe Justin , Weder Christoph , Kontturi Eero
Published: April 2020

Native plant cellulose has an intrinsic supramolecular structure. Consequently, it can be isolated as nanocellulose species, which can be utilized as building blocks for renewable nanomaterials. The structure of cellulose also permits its end‐wise modification, i.e., chemical reactions exclusively on one end of a cellulose chain or a nanocellulose particle. The premises for end‐wise modification have been known for decades. Nevertheless, different approaches for the reactions have emerged only recently, because of formidable synthetic and analytical challenges associated with the issue, including the adverse reactivity of the cellulose reducing end and the low abundance of newly introduced functionalities. This Review gives a full account of the scientific underpinnings and challenges related to end‐wise modification of cellulose nanocrystals. Furthermore, we present how the chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystal ends may be applied to directed assembly, resulting in numerous possibilities for the construction of new materials, such as responsive liquid crystal templates and composites with tailored interactions.
Electroreductive Cobalt‐Catalyzed Carboxylation: Cross‐Electrophile Electrocoupling with Atmospheric CO2
Authors: Ang Nate W. J. , Oliveira João C. A. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: April 2020

The chemical use of CO2 as an inexpensive, nontoxic C1 synthon is of utmost topical interest in the context of carbon capture and utilization (CCU). We present the merger of cobalt catalysis and electrochemical synthesis for mild catalytic carboxylations of allylic chlorides with CO2. Styrylacetic acid derivatives were obtained with moderate to good yields and good functional group tolerance. The thus‐obtained products are useful as versatile synthons of γ‐arylbutyrolactones. Cyclic voltammetry and in operando kinetic analysis were performed to provide mechanistic insights into the electrocatalytic carboxylation with CO2.
Epoxy loaded poly(urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules via in situ polymerization designated for self‐healing coatings
Authors: Tzavidi Sofia , Zotiadis Christos , Porfyris Athanasios , Korres Dimitrios M. , Vouyiouka Stamatina
Published: April 2020

Self‐healing systems are a next‐generation technology that can offer autonomous crack repair and increase the service lifetime of a protective coating. Polymeric microcapsules containing healing agents can be used in that perspective and exhibit significant potential. In the current study, poly(urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules containing an epoxy healing agent as core material were successfully prepared using in situ polymerization. The effect of different process parameters was studied in respect to microcapsules' characteristics, that is, morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency and thermal properties. Spherical microcapsules with either smooth or rough surface were obtained with a size ranging from 90 to 165 μm, controlled by the stirring rate during the emulsification stage. The encapsulation efficiency varied between 65–77% with no significant dependence on the process conditions. Finally, the stability of the microcapsules during storage was investigated at different conditions.
3′‐Methyl‐4‐thio‐1H‐tetrahydropyranspiro‐5′‐hydantoin platinum complex as a novel potent anticancer agent and xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Authors: Cherneva Emiliya , Atanasova Mariyana , Buyukliev Rossen , Tomovic Katarina , Smelcerovic Zaklina , Bakalova Adriana , Smelcerovic Andrija
Published: April 2020

In this study, a Pt(IV) complex with 3′‐methyl‐4‐thio‐1H‐tetrahydropyranspiro‐5′‐hydantoin (complex 1) was synthesized. The structure was determined via elemental analyses, infrared, 1H, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Density functional theory calculations were applied to optimize the molecular geometry and to calculate structural parameters and vibrational frequencies. The cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized complex 1 was assessed against K‐562 and REH cells and compared with the cytotoxic effects of the ligand (L) and its Pd(IV) complex (complex 2). Complex 1 exhibited a better cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 76.9 µM against K‐562 and 15.6 µM against REH cells) than L and complex 2, which was closer to the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin (IC50 = 36.9 μM and 1.07 μM against K‐562 and REH cells, respectively), as compared with the ligand and complex 2. L and its complexes 1 and 2 were evaluated for inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (XO) in vitro, as compared with allopurinol (IC50 = 1.70 μM). Complex 1 was shown as a potent XO inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 19.33 μM, and the binding mode with the enzyme was predicted by molecular docking. Its inhibitory activity against XO is a potential advantage that might result in improved profile and anticancer activity.
A novel LC–MS/MS method for the determination of ziritaxestat in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Chen Jing , Guan Zhenhua , Dong Na , Li Xueliang
Published: April 2020

Ziritaxestat is a first‐in‐class autotoxin inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of ziritaxestat in rat plasma. The plasma sample was deproteinated using acetonitrile and then separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase, which was delivered at 0.4 ml/min. Ziritaxestat and the internal standard (crizotinib) were quantitatively monitored with precursor‐to‐product transitions of m/z 589.3 > 262.2 and m/z 450.1 > 260.2, respectively. The total running time was 2.5 min. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range 0.5–2000 ng/ml, with correlation coefficient >0.9987. The extraction recovery was >82.09% and the matrix effect was not significant. Inter‐ and intra‐day precisions (RSD) were <11.20% and accuracies were in the range of −8.50–7.45%. Ziritaxestat was demonstrated to be stable in rat plasma under the tested conditions. The validated LC–MS/MS method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic profiles of ziritaxestat in rat plasma after intravenous and oral administration. Pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that ziritaxestat displayed a short half‐life (~3 h) and low bioavailability (20.52%).
Effect of CYP3A4 on liver injury induced by triptolide
Authors: Xiao Xuerong , Zhang Ting , Huang Jianfeng , Zhao Qi , Li Fei
Published: April 2020

Triptolide (TP), one of the main bioactive diterpenes of the herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, is used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in the clinic and is accompanied by severe hepatotoxicity. CYP3A4 has been reported to be responsible for TP metabolism, but the mechanism remains unclear. The present study applied a UPLC–QTOF–MS‐based metabolomics analysis to characterize the effect of CYP3A4 on TP‐induced hepatotoxicity. The metabolites carnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and a serious of amino acids were found to be closely related to liver damage indexes in TP‐treated female mice. Metabolomics analysis further revealed that the CYP3A4 inducer dexamethasone improved the level of LPCs and amino acids, and defended against oxidative stress. On the contrary, pretreatment with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole increased liver damage with most metabolites being markedly altered, especially carnitines. Among these metabolites, except for LPC18:2, LPC20:1 and arginine, dexamethasone and ketoconazole both affected oxidative stress induced by TP. The current study provides new mechanistic insights into the metabolic alterations, leading to understanding of the role of CYP3A4 in hepatotoxicity induced by TP.
Prepare to manage impact on college athletics as legalized sports wagering expands
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2020

ANAHEIM, Calif. — More than a dozen states have legalized sports wagering. And that has an impact on the college athletics environment, from the integrity of competition to the health and well‐being of student‐athletes, according to Naima Stevenson Starks, Vice President of Hearing Operations at the NCAA. She hosted a panel at the NCAA's annual convention in January.
Make the most of cross‐campus connections with FARs
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2020

ANAHEIM, Calif. — When faculty members don't support or understand the purpose and mission of the athletics department, the student‐athletes suffer in a myriad of ways. But it doesn't have to be that way. In fact, when a college athletics department establishes effective connections with faculty athletics representatives on campus, the benefits reach far and wide. But it's not easy to transform academic departments full of disinterested faculty members into supportive collaborators invested in helping student‐athletes succeed and thrive on and off the court and field. To help you do just that, David M. Szymanski, President of the University of North Florida, and a former FAR, shared his guidance as part of a panel at the NCAA's annual convention. The panel was hosted by Jo Hopp, FAR at the University of Wisconsin‐Stout, and President‐Elect of the Faculty Athletics Representative Association and member of the NCAA DIII FARs Advisory Group.
Commissioner sets standards in college sports
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: April 2020

Throughout her career in intercollegiate athletics, Gloria Nevarez has excelled, progressed, and broken through barriers.
Porous‐Organic‐Polymer‐Triggered Advancement of Sustainable Magnetic Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Paul Ratul , Sarkar Chitra , Yan Yong , Trinh Quang Thang , Rao Bolla Srinivasa , Pao Chih‐Wen , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Liu Wen , Mondal John
Published: April 2020

In this study, we adopted a cost‐effective, facile and metal & template‐free strategy for the successful synthesis of hydroxyl enriched POP (denoted as TPT). An integrated catalyst, Pd−Fe3O4@TPT, has been developed for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation cinnamaldehyde (CAL). Pd−Fe3O4@TPT exhibited excellent catalytic performance, providing 100 % selectivity towards hydrocinnamaldehyde (HCAL) under mild reaction conditions (with relatively low hydrogen pressure and very short reaction time), whereas Fe2O3@TPT appeared inert. Compared with the conventional catalytic systems, our newly designed catalyst was superior in many aspects, owing to the rigid nature of TPT‐POP, which prevents aggregation and leaching of the metal nanoparticles.
Renewable RGO@CuI Nanocomposites for Redox Triggered Single Electron Transfer (SET) Reaction Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Gulati Upasana , Chinna Rajesh U. , Rawat Diwan S.
Published: April 2020

Renewable mineral derived nanocatalysts are of special interest to accomplish green and sustainable goals with unique advantages over homogeneous catalysts such as recyclability, robustness, superior activity and minimum waste generation. Here, we synthesized reduced graphene oxide supported copper iodide (RGO@CuI) nanocomposites from renewable malachite mineral derived RGO@CuO precursor by treatment with NH2OH and KI in water. The characterization results reveal the role of RGO sheets as capping agent and supporting material for CuO seeds which control the diffusion of iodide, NH2OH reagents and stabilizes the generated CuI prism morphologies. The RGO@CuI‐20 nanocatalyst is robust to produce wide range of N‐heterocycles such as 5‐diarylamino benzimidazole and spiropyrroline via aerobic and anaerobic single electron transfer (SET) reactions, respectively. The nanocatalysis study delineates two distinct mechanistic pathways for aerobic and anaerobic SET reactions. The present method offers the advantages of utilizing a renewable copper precursor for catalyst preparation, catalyst recyclability over five times, excellent product yields and green reaction conditions with minimum waste (Low E‐factor).
Dense Sandwich‐like Na2Ti3O7@rGO Composite with Superior Performance for Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Zehua , Huang Yongxing , Jiang Ying , Wang Ziheng , Lu Baoping , Zhou Jiahui , Xie Man
Published: April 2020

Sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O7) has been considered as a promising anode in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of its low working voltage, high energy density and low cost. However, low electronic and ionic conductivity become the major obstacles to affect the improvement of its electrochemical performance. Here, based on the high specific surface area and high conductivity of reduced graphene oxides (rGO), a dense sandwich‐like structure was built through a facile hydrothermal route. The Na2Ti3O7@rGO (NTO@rGO) composites have a stable two‐dimensional conductive network framework and the Na2Ti3O7 particles grow in situ on the surface of the rGO nanosheets, greatly improving the utilization of rGO by reducing the introduction of rGO. Moreover, when the NTO@rGO was used as an anode for SIBs, it showed an excellent cycle stability and rate performance with 137 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 500 cycles and 92 mA g−1 at 2 A g−1, respectively.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of Mono‐, Di‐, and Tri‐Amino‐Substituted Ortho‐Perylenes, and Comparison to the Tetra‐Substituted Derivative
Authors: Merz Julia , Dietrich Lena , Nitsch Jörn , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Moos Michael , Mims David , Lambert Christoph , Marder Todd B.
Published: April 2020

We synthesized a series of new mono‐, di‐, tri‐ and tetra‐substituted perylene derivatives with strong bis(para‐methoxyphenyl)amine (DPA) donors at the uncommon 2,5,8,11‐positions. The properties of our new donor‐substituted perylenes were studied in detail to establish a structure‐property relationship. Interesting trends and unusual properties are observed for this series of new perylene derivatives, such as a decreasing charge transfer (CT) character with increasing number of DPA moieties and individual reversible oxidations for each DPA moiety. Thus, (DPA)‐Per possesses one reversible oxidation while (DPA)4‐Per has four. The mono‐ and di‐substituted derivatives display unusually large Stokes shifts not previously reported for perylenes. Furthermore, transient absorption measurements of the new derivatives reveal an excited state with lifetimes of several hundred microseconds, which sensitizes singlet oxygen with quantum yields of up to 0.83.
Clinical determinants of the PR interval duration in Swiss middle‐aged adults: The CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study
Authors: Bay Marylène , Vollenweider Peter , Marques‐Vidal Pedro , Bocchi Federica , Pruvot Etienne , Schläpfer Jürg
Published: April 2020

Background

Prolonged PR interval (PRi) is associated with adverse outcomes. However, PRi determinants are poorly known. We aimed to identify the clinical determinants of the PRi duration in the general population.

Hypothesis

Some clinical data are associated with prolonged PRi.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2017. Electrocardiogram‐derived PRi duration was categorized into normal or prolonged (>200 ms). Determinants were identified using stepwise logistic regression, and results were expressed as multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval). A further analysis was performed adjusting for antiarrhythmic drugs, P‐wave contribution to PRi duration, electrolytes (kalemia, calcemia, and magnesemia), and history of cardiovascular disease.

Results

Overall, 3655 participants with measurable PRi duration were included (55.6% females; mean age 62 ± 10 years), and 330 (9.0%) had prolonged PRi. Stepwise logistic regression identified male sex (OR 1.41 [1.02‐1.97]); aging (65‐74 years: OR 2.29 [1.61‐3.24], and ≥ 75 years: OR 4.21 [2.81‐6.31]); increased height (per 5 cm, OR 1.15 [1.06‐1.25]); hypertension (OR 1.37 [1.06‐1.77]); and hs troponin T (OR 1.67 [1.15‐2.43]) as significantly and positively associated, and high resting heart rate (≥70 beats/min, OR 0.43 [0.29‐0.62]) as negatively associated with prolonged PRi. After further adjustment, male sex, aging and increased height remained positively, and high resting heart rate negatively associated with prolonged PRi. Hypertension and hs troponin T were no longer associated.

Conclusion

In a sample of the Swiss middle‐aged population, male sex, aging and increased height significantly increased the likelihood of a prolonged PRi duration, whereas a high resting heart rate decreased it.
Dynamic of a lacustrine sedimentary system during late rifting at the Cretaceous–Palaeocene transition: Example of the Yacoraite Formation, Salta Basin, Argentina
Authors: Deschamps Rémy , Rohais Sébastien , Hamon Youri , Gasparrini Marta
Published: April 2020

The architecture of lacustrine systems is the result of the complex interaction between tectonics, climate and environmental parameters, and constitute the main forcing parameters on the lake dynamics. Field analogue studies have been performed to better assess such interactions, and their impact on the facies distribution and the stratigraphic architecture of lacustrine systems. The Yacoraite Formation (Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene), deposited during the sag phase of the Salta rift basin in Argentina, is exposed in world‐class outcrops that allowed the dynamics of this lacustrine system to be studied through facies analysis and stratigraphic evolution. On the scale of the Alemania‐Metán‐El Rey Basin, the Yacoraite Formation is organized with a siliciclastic‐dominated margin to the west, and a carbonate‐dominated margin to the east. The Yacoraite can be subdivided into four main ‘mid‐term’ sequences and further subdivided into ‘short‐term’ sequences recording high frequency climate fluctuations. Furthermore, the depositional profiles and identified system tracts have been grouped into two end‐members at basin scale: (a) a balanced ‘perennial’ depositional system for the lower part of the Yacoraite Formation and (b) a highly alternating ‘ephemeral’ depositional system for the upper part of the Yacoraite Formation. The transition from a perennial system to an ephemeral system indicates a change in the sedimentary dynamics of the basin, which was probably linked with the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary that induced a temporary shutdown of carbonate production and an increase in siliciclastic supply.
Inspiring song: The role of respiratory circuitry in the evolution of vertebrate vocal behavior
Authors: Barkan Charlotte L. , Zornik Erik
Published: April 2020

Vocalization is a common means of communication across vertebrates, but the evolutionary origins of the neural circuits controlling these behaviors are not clear. Peripheral mechanisms of sound production vary widely: fish produce sounds with a swimbladder or pectoral fins; amphibians, reptiles, and mammalians vocalize using a larynx; birds vocalize with a syrinx. Despite the diversity of vocal effectors across taxa, there are many similarities in the neural circuits underlying the control of these organs. Do similarities in vocal circuit structure and function indicate that vocal behaviors first arose in a single common ancestor, or have similar neural circuits arisen independently multiple times during evolution? In this review, we describe the hindbrain circuits that are involved in vocal production across vertebrates. Given that vocalization depends on respiration in most tetrapods, it is not surprising that vocal and respiratory hindbrain circuits across distantly related species are anatomically intermingled and functionally linked. Such vocal‐respiratory circuit integration supports the hypothesis that vocal evolution involved the expansion and functional diversification of breathing circuits. Recent phylogenetic analyses, however, suggest vocal behaviors arose independently in all major tetrapod clades, indicating that similarities in vocal control circuits are the result of repeated co‐options of respiratory circuits in each lineage. It is currently unknown whether vocal circuits across taxa are made up of homologous neurons, or whether vocal neurons in each lineage arose from developmentally and evolutionarily distinct progenitors. Integrative comparative studies of vocal neurons across brain regions and taxa will be required to distinguish between these two scenarios.
Calibrating and adjusting counts of harbor seals in a tidewater glacier fjord to estimate abundance and trends 1992 to 2017
Authors: Womble Jamie N. , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Gende Scott M. , Mathews Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2020

Long‐term monitoring for understanding status and trend of species of conservation concern is undeniably valuable, yet monitoring methods often evolve over time due to the development of new technology, fluctuations in funding, logistical constraints, and innovations in sampling methods or analytical approaches. Consequently, valuable insights into annual or decadal‐scale trends can be lost unless calibration between historical and current methods is developed. Glacier Bay National Park, in southeastern Alaska, hosts an important regional population of harbor seals, with the majority of seals pupping and molting on icebergs calved from a tidewater glacier in Johns Hopkins Inlet. Monitoring efforts to assess abundance and trends of harbor seals used counts of seals by shore‐based observers from 1992 to 2002, but transitioned to aerial photographic surveys in 2007 through 2017. To produce a rigorous long‐term evaluation of abundance and trends of harbor seals, we (1) conducted concurrent shore‐based counts and aerial photographic surveys in 2007 and 2008; (2) developed an analytical calibration between the two monitoring methods; (3) developed a haul‐out model to estimate the number of harbor seals in the water at the time of counts; and (4) estimated abundance and trends of harbor seals from 1992 to 2017 from the adjusted counts. Our calibration analysis revealed that during the pupping season in June, counts of harbor seals by observers from shore were consistently lower than counts from aerial surveys. During the molting season, counts by shore‐based observers were only slightly less than aerial photographic surveys, and there was an interaction between survey method and season. After calibrating methods, we found important decadal‐scale changes in trend. Over the 26‐yr period (1992–2017), the estimated trend was negative; however, trends computed for rolling 10‐yr time intervals showed steep and significant declines ending around 2011, with leveling off and possibly some subsequent recovery. The most recent shorter‐term (2013–2017) trends are negative again, rivaling the steepest decreases over the 26‐yr period. Our calibration between two monitoring methods improved continuity for long‐term monitoring for a species of conservation concern by taking advantage of new sampling methods and innovations in analytical approaches.
Beware of whom you live with: Your intestinal IgA may depend on it
Authors: Eberl Gerard , Vieira Paulo
Published: April 2020

In the past 15 years, it became clear that the symbiotic microbiota has an important impact on the development and regulation of the immune system. Consequently, it is incorrect to interpret a phenotype solely as a direct result of the genotype, without considering the impact of the microbiota. In fact, ignorance of the effects exerted by the microbiota may account for a large part of the “replication issues” found in many studies. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Beller et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2020. 50: 783–794] provide data suggesting that eosinophils are not required to maintain IgA‐producing plasma cells in the intestine, contrary to earlier reports. This paper shows that mice lacking eosinophils develop an altered intestinal microbiota, which poorly induces IgA. Normal levels of IgA were obtained in mice lacking eosinophils when these were colonized by microbiota from the WT mice. Therefore, the use of littermate controls carrying the same microbiota, in experiments comparing WT and mutant mice, is necessary to control the potential role of the microbiota. Nevertheless, caution should always be exercised in the interpretation of the results: changes in the microbiota may result from mutations in the host, and thereby, indirectly convey the effect of genotypes on phenotypes.
Tracheostomy protocols during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Heyd Cameron P. , Desiato Vincent M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , O'Rourke Ashli K. , Clemmens Clarice S. , Awad Mahmoud I. , Worley Mitchell L. , Day Terry A.
Published: April 2020

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in the implementation of rapidly changing protocols and guidelines related to the indications and perioperative precautions and protocols for tracheostomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current guidelines for tracheostomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic to provide a framework for health systems to prepare as the science evolves over the upcoming months and years.

Methods

Literature review was performed. Articles reporting clinical practice guidelines for tracheostomy in the context of COVID‐19 were included.

Results

A total of 13 tracheotomy guidelines were identified. Two were available via PubMed, five in society or organization websites, and six identified via health system websites or other sources. Five were from Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery specialties, six from Anesthesiology and one from Pulmonary/Critical Care. All (100%) studies recommended postponing elective OR cases in COVID‐19 positive patients, while seven recommended reducing team members to only essential staff and three recommended forming a designated tracheostomy team. Recommendations with supporting references are summarized in the article.

Conclusions

Tracheostomy guidelines during the COVID‐19 pandemic vary by physician groups and specialty, hospital systems, and supply‐chain/resource availability. This summary is provided as a point‐in‐time current state of the guidelines for tracheotomy management in April 2020 and is expected to change in coming weeks and months as the COVID‐19 pandemic, virus testing and antibody testing evolves.
Transition to a virtual multidisciplinary tumor board during the COVID‐19 pandemic: University of Pittsburgh experience
Authors: Dharmarajan Harish , Anderson Jennifer L. , Kim Seungwon , Sridharan Shaum , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Ferris Robert L. , Solari Mario G. , Clump David A. , Skinner Heath D. , Ohr James P. , Zandberg Dan P. , Branstetter Barton , Hughes Marion A. , Traylor Katie S. , Seethala Raja , Chiosea Simion I. , Nilsen Marci L. , Johnson Jonas T. , Kubik Mark W.
Published: April 2020

Multidisciplinary conferences (MDC) are an important component of head and neck oncologic care including diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Virtual MDC allows for improved collaboration between providers at distant sites and proper allocation of health care resources in a time of crisis. When approached systematically, a virtual MDC is feasible to design and implement in a large academic medical center with multiple satellite hospitals.
Be aware of misdiagnosis—Influenza A H1N1 in a pregnant patient with suspected COVID‐19
Authors: Fang He , Xingfei Pan , Yingwei Qiu , Dunjin Chen
Published: April 2020

Following standard and transmission‐based precautions is essential in the differential diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection.
Development in improved surface irrigation in China*
Authors: Li Yinong , Bai Meijian , Zhang Shaohui , Wu Caili , Li Fuxiang
Published: April 2020

Surface irrigation is the most widely used irrigation method in China. Surface irrigation performance is affected by many factors, such as land levelling precision, irrigation system layout, irrigation control rules and irrigation management. Compared to pressure irrigation, surface irrigation is more difficult to control. At present extensive surface irrigation management has led to a low application efficiency of irrigation water. So, improving surface irrigation has a large potential to increase irrigation performance. Key technologies of improved surface irrigation include land levelling technology, irrigation simulation technology, design of surface irrigation systems, irrigation control technology and irrigation management schemes. This paper introduces the application status of surface irrigation technology and the existing questions that need to be improved, analyses the key technology of improving surface irrigation and the main research results around each key technology, discusses application of the main research results in surface irrigation management, and proposes further research topics around improving surface irrigation performance. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of legislation and the quest for an effective mode of governance in agricultural water management: An insight from an irrigation district in central java, indonesia*
Authors: Rondhi Mohammad , Khasan Ahmad Fatikhul , Mori Yasuhiro , Kondo Takumi
Published: April 2020

This paper explores the historical and contemporary governance of water users' associations (WUAs) in an irrigation district in Central Java, Indonesia. The historical governance was explored through in‐depth interviews with the chief and board members of the WUAs, farmers and government officials, who have more than 30 years of experience in irrigation. The contemporary WUAs' governance was assessed through a survey of 34 WUAs covering an area of 7872 ha. The results show that the WUAs have experienced significant changes in governance, from hierarchical to community‐based (Swakelola) and provider‐based network style (Lelang). The survey revealed that there is an improvement in farm infrastructure under the current governance since the WUAs can provide sufficient funds to rehabilitate and maintain the irrigation networks without relying on outside actors. Also, the current WUAs' governance seems to increase land productivity, but it needs to be verified by future research. Finally, the insight in this study is useful in the effort to build sustainable agricultural water management. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.