bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación y política en el barroco en España y su reflejo en Hispanoamérica
Authors: Monterubio Perez Ángel
Published: December 2021

La España del Siglo de Oro se caracteriza por una grave crisis económica, militar y social que la bajará del pedestal que ocupa en Europa y en el mundo. El Barroco es tiempo de incertidumbres y de dualidades en busca de un equilibrio entre espíritu y razón. En Hispanoamérica se trata de consolidar el rudimentario sistema educativo de primera enseñanza que se ha implantado, en manos de la iglesia. En cuanto a la educación superior, en manos casi exclusivamente de dominicos y jesuitas, tendrá un gran impulso en esta centuria con la fundación de universidades y colegios mayores que, aunque de corte elitista, prepararán a los cuadros de mando administrativos de aquellos territorios.
Poder simbólico y prácticas corporales: su papel en enseñanzas y aprendizajes desde la dimensión pedagógica
Authors: Muñoz Rodriguez Bertha Aurora
Published: December 2021

Este escrito tiene como finalidad abordar la comprensión del poder simbólico, prácticas corporales e incidencias en enseñanzas y aprendizajes en el Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, concretamente en el programa de Licenciatura en educación física, recreación y deportes. Importa analizar las formas como se desarrollan las prácticas corporales en este programa, reflexionando sobre las posibilidades de aprehender las lógicas que ponen en marcha los docentes, administrativos y estudiantes, y las relaciones que se establecen con las formas de percepción, pensamiento y acción. Una vez comprendido el sentido que cada agente del campo en relación con prácticas corporales formativas, se diseñará una teoría sustantiva derivada de los hallazgos y una propuesta curricular que articule la realidad de los sujetos implicados, el campo disciplinar y las demandas del contexto formativo. Se hace una relación de hallazgos incipientes y sin posibilidades conclusivas, porque aún no se tienen suficientes datos.
Reconociendo diversidades: de la monogamia al poliamor en las personas de educación superior
Authors: Ospina Botero Mireya , Bernal Vélez Isabel Cristina
Published: December 2021

Esta ponencia es el resultado de un proceso investigativo desarrollado entre la Universidad Católica de Pereira, y la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Medellín, desde sus respectivos Centros de Familia, durante los años 2015 y 2016. La investigación tuvo como objetivo reconocer la experiencia de las relaciones poliamorosas y abiertas, desde el sentido otorgado por sus integrantes y su dinámica relacional. En este artículo se presentan algunos hallazgos alrededor de los siguientes aspectos: características sociodemográficas de las personas participantes, motivaciones para la constitución de la relación, acuerdos - limitaciones y dinámica sexual. La metodología desde la cual se llevó a cabo el proceso investigativo fue de corte cualitativo, gracias a sus posibilidades de comprender el punto de vista de un grupo social, propiciando la profundización sobre las creencias, prácticas y el sentido que se le atribuyen a las mismas.
Cuerpo y mente en jóvenes practicantes de artes marciales karate do en Manizales
Authors: Pulgarín Rocha Alejandro
Published: December 2021

Este texto constituye un avance de investigación doctoral 2016-2019 donde nos interesa conocer los variantes cuerpo y mente en practicantes de karate do, en Manizales. Los avances corresponden al estado del arte, marco teórico sobre esta relación cuerpo y mente en relación con problemas de época en Colombia, como la violencia, y los aportes que esta práctica pueda hacer a los modelos educativos actuales. Algunos de los aportes hasta ahora encontrados tienen que ver con el cuerpo y mente como depositarios de prácticas culturales y sociales, la conciencia histórica como propuesta metodológica, una concepción de cuerpo mutivariable, y una diferenciación entre cerebro y mente.
Incidencia del modelo neoliberal en los docentes colombianos
Authors: Quiroz González Eliana Yuliana , Vallejo Ocampo Juan Diego , Rodriguez Castellano Wilman Antonio
Published: December 2021

La incorporación del modelo neoliberal en Colombia ha llevado a que todos los sectores productivos se vean afectados de una u otra forma. El sector educativo, específicamente, ha sufrido importantes repercusiones y de manera consecuente, los docentes han vivido una serie de cambios en sus entornos laborales, sus funciones y sus formas de contratación, entre otros. Las lógicas que trae consigo este modelo han mercantilizado la educación, precarizado la profesión docente y burocratizado el diario quehacer pedagógico.
Narratividad y violencia pura en Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Castro Juana
Published: December 2021

Los autores de masacres en Colombia, sin distinción alguna (paramilitares, guerrilleros o miembros del Estado), pueden ser observados como seres afónicos que, a pesar de “decir” cosas y enunciar prejuicios, son incapaces de hablar y reflexionar sobre la realidad, de reconstruir, confrontar o juzgar la experiencia del sufrimiento humano. En la reflexión sobre los testimonios de autores y promotores de masacres en Colombia se considerará el hecho de que la “violencia” es muda, en la medida en que su aparición solo es posible en la ausencia de la actividad narrativa, si por ella se entiende el evento en donde el ser humano mantiene abiertas las puertas al mundo de la pluralidad e intenta hallar sentido a su propia experiencia.
La Paternidad en hombres homosexuales, realidades emergentes al binarismo hegemónico
Authors: Suárez Gómez Andrés Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Este artículo se realiza con la finalidad de dar elementos de comprensión social y cultural comprometidos con el objeto de los hombres homosexuales que desean ser padres, ya sea por vía de la adopción o por un proceso biológico. Este tema es un fenómeno social que ha suscitado varias opiniones a favor y en contra de la paternidad de los homosexuales y sus lógicas respecto a la diversidad sexual. Se incursiona en la teoría de la diversidad sexual como aporte a una perspectiva que permite ampliar los horizontes de comprensión sobre este fenómeno, puesto que la paternidad, como ideal cultural, se enlaza con los ideales subjetivos que se han modificado y que en la actualidad se presentan, dada la apertura a la manifestación abierta de la orientación sexual y el discurso imperante.
Las Fragilidades humanas como procesos de re-insistencia: algunas teorías sobre la emoción
Authors: Tamayo Giraldo Gonzalo
Published: December 2021

En el mundo de la existencia humana, la conjetura fundamental está dada en el ponerse afuera, en el ex ponerse; es allí donde el encuentro con lo otro, con el otro, con alguien se hace posible. Es precisamente en ese encuentro donde surge la pretensión de ser acompañado, de ser en relación, de ser vinculado a alguien que acepta la presencia en presente. Es en el vínculo donde se hace manifiesta la condición de humanidad, es allí donde nos tornamos en lo que somos realmente. Re-insistir será la premisa clave para que desde la relación con alguien pueda retornarse al fuero interior. Es ir y volver a sí mismo, para no alienarse, para no perderse en las honduras del egoísmo, para ser en el mundo consciente de lo que se es y de lo que se podrá ser.
Algunas consideraciones sobre las fronteras a través de cine y la literatura
Authors: Valero Iglesias Luis Fernando
Published: December 2021

En un mundo globalizado, las fronteras se han planteado como un problema de invasión en donde los Estados nación pueden perder su identidad al introducirse o aceptarse ciudadanos de otros que se ven obligados a huir por múltiples causas, pero que cuestionan la realidad social del país que les recoge. La globalización ha roto las ligaduras de los Estados nacionales y las multinacionales han abierto espacios por donde fluye la economía, los bienes, servicios y, sobre todo, los propios ciudadanos ignorando. En este texto hacemos referencia a cómo este fenómeno ha sido motivo en el cine y a la literatura.
Creatividad y formación de maestros. Habilidades de pensamiento
Authors: Villacrez Oliva María Victoria
Published: December 2021

Los estudios que se realizan sobre creatividad y habilidades de pensamiento tienen la finalidad de comprenderla cómo una o varias aptitudes frente a la vida surgen a partir de la necesidad de un cambio o de remediar dificultades. Esta afirmación la explica el aprendizaje multidimensional, que comprende las múltiples dimensiones humanas que integran un todo en la formación de la persona. Estos aspectos se pueden identificar mediante las manifestaciones emocionales y cognitivas, a través del aprender a ser, querer, pensar y hacer en una interacción permanente.
Pengetahuan Pengunjung Tentang Instruksi Pasca Pencabutan Gigi Di Pusat Pengobatan Mata Dan Gigi
Authors: Soviana Reny Augtri , Dian Femala Dian Femala , Susatyo Jojok Heru , Suryana Budi
Published: December 2021

Visitors who had their teeth extracted at the Eye and Dental Treatment Center (PPMG) Pontianak City did not follow the instructions given by the operator after having their teeth extracted. From the results of a field survey conducted, about 35% - 50% of patients who extracted teeth did not follow more than 1 post-extraction instruction. The result of ignoring this can have an impact on the healing of wounds from tooth extraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of visitors about post-tooth extraction instructions at the Center for Eye and Dental Medicine (PPMG) Pontianak City 2015. This study used a descriptive method which was conducted on 57 respondents who were taken using purposive sampling technique for 2 weeks, data collection techniques through three stages, namely the initial stage, the implementation stage, and the final stage then processed using SPSS version 18.0 and presented in tabular form. The results showed that most of the respondents had good knowledge of the category, namely 30 people (52.6%), while respondents who had sufficient knowledge were 14 people (24.6%) and respondents who had less knowledge were 13 people (22, 8%). Knowledge of post-tooth extraction instructions is important in order to provide understanding to the patient to prevent complications after tooth extraction.

Pengunjung yang melakukan pencabutan gigi di Pusat Pengobatan Mata dan Gigi (PPMG) Kota Pontianak tidak mengikuti instruksi yang diberikan oleh operator setelah melakukan pencabutan gigi. Dari hasil survey lapangan yang dilakukan, sekitar 35% - 50% pasien yang mencabut gigi tidak mengikuti lebih dari 1 instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi. Akibat dari mengabaikan hal tersebut dapat berdampak pada penyembuhan luka bekas pencabutan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan pengunjung tentang instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi di Pusat Pengobatan Mata dan Gigi (PPMG) Kota Pontianak Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap 57 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling selama 2 minggu, teknik pengumpulan data melalui tiga tahap yaitu tahap awal, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap akhir kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 18.0 serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kategori baik yaitu 30 orang (52,6%), sedangkan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kategori cukup yaitu 14 orang (24,6%) dan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kategori kurang yaitu 13 orang (22,8%). Pengetahuan tentang instruksi pasca pencabutan gigi penting dilakukan agar memberikan pemahaman kepada pasien untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pasca pencabutan gigi.
Doped ZnO Nanostructured and their application as photocatalytic: as Review
Authors: Hussein Fadhela M.
Published: December 2021

There are two types of methods of synthesis of several different kinds of doped ZnO nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications, gas phase methods, include pulsed laser deposition and chemical vapor deposition and wet chemical methods such as sol–gel, electrospinning, hydrothermal, spray pyrolysis, thermomechanical .doping with metal ions is make local energies levels within the semiconductor energy gap, which results in prolongation of the light absorbance to the visible light region. Several studies have that metaldoped ZnO, such as N, S, and C, using Co, Fe, Cu, Eu, Ce, Ag, Mn, and Al and non-metal doping, ZnO to the reducing Energies and enhancement of photocatalytic behavior in the region of visible light.
Investigation of the Prediction Status of Love Styles and Gender on Attitudes towards Dating Violence
Authors: YILDIZ Meltem , ELDELEKLİOĞLU Jale
Published: December 2021

Attitudes that support dating violence are also related to the severity and frequency of aggression in romantic relationships. It is therefore important to understand the variables that influence this attitude. The aim of this study was to reveal the mediation status of love styles in attitudes towards dating violence in gender in emerging adults aged 18-25. The study was conducted on 268 emerging adults (54% female, 46% male) aged 18-25 years (͞X͞=20.34). In the research, the “Dating Violence Attitude Scale” and “Love Attitudes Scale-Short Form” were used to measure attitudes towards dating violence and attitudes towards love, respectively. As a result of the mediation analysis, it was determined that the Ludus and Pragma love styles partially mediated the relationship between gender and attitudes towards general violence and physical violence in romantic relationships. The Ludus, Mania, and Pragma love styles were related to the relationship between gender and attitudes towards emotional violence in romantic relationships;. It was determined that the Eros, Pragma and Agape love styles partially mediated the relationship between gender and attitudes towards economic violence in romantic relationships. It was determined that only the Ludus love style mediated the relationship between gender and attitudes towards sexual violence in romantic relationships, while the Ludus, Mania and Pragma love styles partially mediated the relationship between gender and the mean attitudes towards violence in romantic relationships. Looking at the results of the mediation analysis, it was determined that the Ludus, Pragma, and Mania love styles partially mediated the relationship between gender and attitudes towards violence in romantic relationships. It can be said that men with the Ludus love style have a more accepting attitudes towards general, physical, emotional and sexual violence in romantic relationships compared to their female peers with this love style. It can be said that women with the Pragma love style have a more accepting attitudes towards general, physical, emotional and economic violence in romantic relationships compared to their female peers with this love style. It can be said that women with the Mania love style have a more accepting attitudes towards emotional violence in romantic relationships.
Structural and spectral properties of 4-(4-(1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile: Analysis by TD-DFT method, ADME analysis and docking studies
Authors: ALTUN Kenan , YILDIKO Ümit , TANRIVERDİ Aslıhan Aycan , ÇAKMAK İsmail
Published: December 2021

Since phthalonitrile compounds have become popular lately, the focus has been on the idea that these compounds should be investigated. A unique phthalonitrile compound, 4-(4-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (coded as PN) was selected and molecular modeling studies were carried out on this compound to be brought to the literature. First, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations (Geometry optimization, HOMO-LUMO, dipole moment calculations, MEPS maps, Mulliken atomic charges, and NBO analysis) were performed for PN. In addition, in this section, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis for the compound belonging to the phthalonitrile group was performed and the color regions were presented separately. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed for two compounds separately with three different enzymes (AchE, BchE, α-GLY), and docking scores and receptor models were presented.
Resorcinol derivatives as human acetylcholinesterase inhibitor: An In Vitro and In Silico study
Authors: GÜLLER Uğur
Published: December 2021

Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase (Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7) are highly significant in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to the deep relationship with memory and acetylcholine. So investigation of natural AChE inhibitors having minimal side effects has become important. In this paper human erythrocytes AChE enzyme (0.032 EU mg-1 protein) was partially isolated by using DE-52 anion exchange chromatography. Then, primer effects of resorcinol derivatives on the enzyme activity were studied and IC50 values were found in the range of 2.74-363.61 µM. Besides, inhibition profiles were elucidated by molecular docking and the highest inhibition potency was observed in 4-hexylresorcinol with the free binding energy of -6.16 kcal mol-1. In conclusion, by using both in vitro and in silico approaches it was found that 4-hexylresorcinol had the highest inhibitory potential on human AChE. So, this compound may be used in drug design in memory-lost diseases.
Attitude to divorce by an Act of Parliament in eighteenth-century England
Authors: Tsareva Alexandra
Published: December 2021

The eighteenth-century England was different from other Protestant countries in its lack of popular access to divorce; most spouses settled for separation from bed and board, semi-legal procedures or simply desertion. Divorces by Acts of Parliament that opened the possibility for a remarriage were not in high demand. The article analyses the attitude of the English to divorce and uncovers the reasons for the unwillingness to use the procedure including spread of information about one’s private life, perceived danger to reputation and morality as well as the cost and duration of the proceedings.
The phenomenon of “female erudition” in the works by German-language authors in the second half of the 18th century
Authors: Tretyakova Maria
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on analysis of some German philosophers and publicists’ views on the phenomenon of female erudition in the second half of the 18th century. In the present article, genetic closeness of the mentioned authors’ ideas to educational program by Jean-Jacques Rousseau is stressed. The author makes attempts to put the phenomenon of female erudition in the wide context that included such issues as functioning of equal cross-gender communication in the frameworks of «mixed societies», crucial tends of female education development, key features of reading culture in the German-speaking space in the period under review, as well as enlightened discourse on the rights and duties of women in the second half of the 18th century.
The “Life of Lady Falkland”: a biography or a conversion story?
Authors: Seregina Anna
Published: December 2021

The article presents an introduction to a first Russian translation of the “Life of Lady Falkland” written in the mid-17th century by the nuns of the English Benedictine Abbey at Cambrai (the Cary sisters), which told the life of their mother, Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess of Falkland – a translator, poet and polemicist, and also a Catholic convert. It has been argued that the “Life” combines the traits of biography and conversion story, and that the conversions described there – of Lady Falkland and her children fell into the category of the so-called “intellectual conversions” brought about by reading books and debating the fine points of religious doctrines. “Intellectual conversions’ were seen to be reserved to men. However, the Cary sisters used this model to establish their position within the Cambrai religious community, which consisted of many nuns with wide intellectual interests. The authors of the “Life” also demonstrated that intellectual efforts of their mother led to conversions of others to Catholicism, thus making her a Catholic missionary in all but a name.
Englishwomen at Madrid and Brussels in the 17th century: women’s patronage and English Catholic exiles overseas
Authors: Seregina Anna
Published: December 2021

The article presents an attempt to reconstruct a communication network of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria). A lady at the court of Mary I of England and a wife of a Spanish grand, she was a powerful patroness of English Catholic exiles and helped them enter the Habsburg patronage network. The analysis of political activities of the Duchess of Feria (which included exchange of political information and patronage) compared with that of other women patronesses, first of all, Anne Percy, Countess of Northumberland made it possible to define parameters of women’s patronage. It has been shown that connections to the court of Mary I of England that was partially integrated into the system of Habsburg courts made it easier for the former Marian courtiers to find patrons within transnational clientele of the Habsburgs
“The morning star of Wittenberg”: Katharina von Bora’s image in the historical memory of Germany in 19th century
Authors: Moisa Anna
Published: December 2021

The article explores various ways Katharina von Bora Martin Luther’s wife was perceived by the German intellectuals in the 19th century. The author intends not only to reveal the reasons of turning to this person in a certain historical period but also to define the key differences in her image’s interpretation compared to the previous centuries. To achieve this goal the author explores the biographical works, which were dedicated to the wife of the founder of the Reformation tradition and their married life. Such similar genre of works gives the most complete representation of the dynamical transformation of Katharina’s image, which was conditioned by social processes in Germany during the whole of the 19th century: starting with the private life development during the Biedermeier period and ending with high industrialization and the rise of the national feelings. Another important role plays the growth of the German women’s movement. Therefore, it is possible to see the construction of a “new” Katharina von Bora in every period, and with it a new ideal of women’s identity, a moral example for the lady of the house self-identification.
Moskovitki, Moskovki, Moskalikhi: Gender history of Russian Emigration in the 16th – 17th centuries
Authors: Erusalimskiy Konstantin
Published: December 2021

Exile or free movement of Early-Modern Russian women abroad (first of all to Polish Crown and Grand Duchy of Lithuania) comes under scrutiny in the article, which is based on the manifold evidence from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Push-factors were decisions to leave the country with their husbands, children or other relatives, captivity, abduction and desertion in the frontier regions of the Russian state. The pull-factors were quite weak, and can be rarely proven by the evidence of sources evidence. Usually, the wives of the gentry (syny boiarskie) successfully integrated into the new society either with their husbands and sons or alone in the case of their death. These women of Muscovite origin often had a good grasp of the legal traditions of their home lands. They found familiar traits in the judicial practices of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Emigrees from the low classes emerged in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the normative “grey zone”, from which they could either rise to freedom, or remain in slavery owned by local gentry, magnates or town-dwellers. Special attention is paid to the sexual and family violence which could force the Muscovite women flee abroad, made them and their representatives bring lawsuits in the Commonwealth. Objectivation of women in Russia fed ethnical visions, but it did not stimulate stereotypes and phantasms typical for the Time of Enlightenment.
The formation of metrology as government regulated activity in France
Authors: Bukrieieva Olha , Medvedovska Yana
Published: December 2021

The article has discussed the historical process of development of metrological activity in France. It was revealed that the history of metrology is considered as an auxiliary historical and ethnographic discipline from a social and philosophical point of view as the evolution of scientific approaches to the definition of individual units of physical quantities and branches of metrology. However, in the scientific literature, the little attention is paid to the process of a development of a centralized institutional metrology system that is the organizational basis for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. It was shown that traditionally there are two periods of development of metrology based on the unification of weights and measures: the association under Charlemagne and the introduction of the decimal metric system during the French Revolution. Because this division has a mixed scientific and organizational basis, a new periodization of the development of French metrology from the position of state regulation was proposed. The highlighted stages include the primitive period and the first city-states, the time of the domination of the Roman Empire, the era of the coexistence of many measures, the chapters of Charlemagne, the feudal practices of the Middle Ages, the creation of royal standards under Henry II, the introduction and dissemination of the decimal metric system, the emergence of metrological institutes, laboratories, centers. At the State level the first step in organizing a centralized institutional metrology system was the creation of a testing laboratory, the second was the creation of National Metrological Bureau, national bodies for metrology, and the third was reorganization of the system and appointment of the National Testing Laboratory as the governing metrological body of France. Thus, the French metrology system has experienced many crises and upheavals in the process of its formation. However, France today is one of the most experienced and respected countries in the field of metrology, and at the international level, it was the one who laid the foundations for new metrological agreements, as well as the social, philosophical, scientific, political and geographical area of the new system of measures and weights.
The development of the foundations of source criticism as a scientific discipline at the Imperial Novorossiya University
Authors: Grebtsova Irena , Kovalska Maryna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The history of individual scientific disciplines cannot be understood outside the context of the development of science altogether, therefore the authors paid attention to the change of scientific paradigms in the period under the study. It is noted that reforms in the field of education and the development of European historical knowledge have become the main components of the formation of historians, who, with their scientific activities at the theoretical and practical levels, contributed to the development of the special historical disciplines. The article reveals a gradual increase in the number of courses taught at the historical department of the Faculty of History and Philology, in which teachers used the opportunity to teach students to work with various types and kinds of sources. The authors examine the contribution of the historians of Odesa in the XIX – early XX century in the process of institutionalization of historical disciplines, in the formation of a complex of special historical disciplines, which resulted in the actualization of their scientific works in subsequent years. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the professors of the departments of general and Russian history, with their teaching and scientific activities, laid the foundations of source criticism as a special scientific discipline, raising theoretical problems in their lecture courses, and at the training workshops, teaching students how to work with sources in practical terms.
Evolution of teaching the probability theory based on textbook by V. P. Ermakov
Authors: Malovichko Tetiana
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of what changes the course of the probability theory has undergone from the end of the 19th century to our time based on the analysis of The Theory of Probabilities textbook by Vasyl P. Ermakov published in 1878. In order to show the competence of the author of this textbook, his biography and creative development of V. P. Ermakov, a famous mathematician, Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, have been briefly reviewed. He worked at the Department of Pure Mathematics at Kyiv University, where he received the title of Honored Professor, headed the Department of Higher Mathematics at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, published the Journal of Elementary Mathematics, and he was one of the founders of the Kyiv Physics and Mathematics Society. The paper contains a comparative analysis of The Probability Theory textbook and modern educational literature. V. P. Ermakov's textbook uses only the classical definition of probability. It does not contain such concepts as a random variable, distribution function, however, it uses mathematical expectation. V. P. Ermakov insists on excluding the concept of moral expectation accepted in the science of that time from the probability theory. The textbook consists of a preface, five chapters, a synopsis containing the statements of the main results, and a collection of tasks with solutions and instructions. The first chapter deals with combinatorics, the presentation of which does not differ much from its modern one. The second chapter introduces the concepts of event and probability. Although operations on events have been not considered at all; the probabilities of intersecting and combining events have been discussed. However, the above rule for calculating the probability of combining events is generally incorrect for compatible events. The third chapter is devoted to events during repeated tests, mathematical expectation and contains Bernoulli's theorem, from which the law of large numbers follows. The next chapter discusses conditional probabilities, the simplest version of the conditional mathematical expectation, the total probability formula and the Bayesian formula (in modern terminology). The last chapter is devoted to the Jordan method and its applications. This method is not found in modern educational literature. From the above, we can conclude that the probability theory has made significant progress since the end of the 19th century. Basic concepts are formulated more rigorously; research methods have developed significantly; new sections have appeared.
The history of assisted reproductive technologies: from prohibition to recognition
Authors: Petrushko Maryna , Piniaiev Volodymyr , Yurchuk Taisiia
Published: December 2021

The birth of children after infertility treatment of married couples with the help of assisted reproductive technologies has become a reality after many years of basic research on the physiology of reproductive system, development of oocyte’s in vitro fertilization methods and cultivation of embryos at pre-implantation stages. Given the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies in modern medical practice and the great interest of society to this problem, the aim of the study was to trace the main stages and key events of assisted reproductive technologies in the world and in Ukraine, as well as to highlight the activities of outstanding scientists of domestic and world science who were at the origins of the development of this area. The paper used historical methods to study and interpret the texts of primary sources and present scientific historical events. In addition, the current trends in assisted reproductive technologies are covered based on the results of our own, more than 30 years of experience in the field of reproductive biology and medicine, and the achievements of world scientists. As a result of the work, it has been shown that despite certain ethical and social biases, the discovery of individual predecessor scientists became the basis for the efforts of Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe to ensure birth of the world's first child, whose conception occurred outside the mother's body. There are also historical facts and unique photos from our own archive, which confirm the fact of the first successful oocyte in vitro fertilization and the birth of a child after the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. Over the last 20 years, assisted reproductive technologies have continued to grow, addressing many other issues of reproductive potential preservation and infertility treatment. State of the art methods of assisted reproductive technologies include the development of cryopreservation method of gametes and embryos by vitrification, genetic screening of embryos in order to prevent the hereditary diseases transmission and embryo transfer with chromosomal abnormalities, the birth of a child “from three parents” in severe cases of mutations in the mitochondrial genome, etc.
The history of the world's first icebreaker “Yermak” and the significance of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic
Authors: Davydovska Halyna , Petruchenko Oleksiy , Yanin Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

In this article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. In addition, the authors considered and analyzed the assessment of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov and his personal contribution to the results of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker made by Baron Ferdinand von Wrangel. The first polar expeditions showed that the idea of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov about the icebreaker fleet was viable and required further development. It is shown that the results of the first Arctic expeditions made by “Yermak” allowed to significantly develop knowledge in various scientific fields of Arctic and Earth research, namely, topography, astronomy, meteorology, hydrology, geology, magnetism, zoology, and botany. The use of these methods and approaches to scientific research allowed to retrace the way of life and professional activity of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov’s systematically and critically evaluate the sources used, highlight the main points in the current state of studying the subject and the results of predecessors, specify the most promising directions of research, give a description of the previous works on this issue and clearly distinguish issues that have not yet been resolved.
Historical aspects of construction and operation of train ferry routes
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona , Horban Anatolii
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development of the transport industry can be provided through the introduction of combined transport systems. And one of the most promising ones is the train ferry transport system which combines railway and marine transport facilities. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense, as it was described by Vinogradov at the example of Saratovskaya Pereprava (route) and by Karakashly and Shklyaruk at the example of the lighter Ishimbay which was loaded from the side. The authors have analyzed the development of the train ferry routes serviced by the ice-breaking train ferries Baikal across Lake Baikal, and the ferries Sakhalin linked mainland Russia and Sakhalin Island. The article deals with the peculiarities of transportation by trains ferries in the USA, Japan, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Germany, Lithuania, and some other countries, and presents the analysis of the operational features of Ukrainian train ferries which connect Ukraine with Bulgaria, Georgia, and Turkey. Besides, the article describes some peculiarities of the loading and transportation of passenger trains by train ferries. The study deals with structural peculiarities, and processing technology used for modern train ferries operating across the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Baltic Sea. The research is based on the analysis of works by Egorov (the Marine Engineering Bureau, Ukraine). The research emphasizes the importance of train ferry transportation for the sustainable development of national economies including the economy of Ukraine.
Characteristics of unpaved roads in the late 18th century – early 19th century, and the design of the first wooden trackway as a forerunner to the Bukovyna railways
Authors: Strelko Oleh , Pylypchuk Oksana
Published: December 2021

In the history of Bukovinian social life in the 1840–1850s, an important role is played by the fierce struggle for the introduction of rail transport. This struggle took place in the deepening crisis of the feudal system and the development of capitalism in the Austrian Empire. Primitive medieval methods of transporting goods and passengers by waterways and unpaved roads, which for centuries met the needs of feudal Bukovyna, became a brake on the economic, social and political progress of the Bukovyna region. The beginning of the transport revolution in England had a huge public response in Austria-Hungary. The rapidly developing relationship between scientists and engineers from Austria, Western Europe and America in this period made a large contribution to the process, as the newest means of transportation were spreading in the early 19th century, first of all, in the industrialized regions of Europe. These regions had enough funds for the construction of roads because they could develop different methods of production. Today we are mostly interested in the projects of construction of typical means of transportation on agricultural lands with practically no industry. In the early 19th century, Bukovyna was one of them. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly analyze unpaved roads of the late 18th – early 19th century, as well as the project of the first wooden trackway as the forerunner of the Bukovyna railways. To achieve this purpose, the authors first reviewed how railways were constructed in the Austrian Empire during 1830s – 1850s. Then, in contrast with the first railway networks that emerged and developed in the Austrian Empire, the authors made an analysis of the condition and characteristics of unpaved roads in Bukovyna. The government's attention to Bukovyna's roads was explained by their military, economic and political significance for the Austrian Empire by the end of the 18th – early 19th century. There was a number of state trackways built on the territory of Bukovyna which crossed the region and ensured the military interconnection of two Austrian provinces named – Galicia and Transylvania, as well as approached the borders of the Russian Empire and the Danube principalities. At the same time, they helped to restore the suspended trade flow in Bukovyna. In addition, the authors considered the first attempt to create a wooden trackway as a prototype and predecessor of the Bukovyna railway. It is evident that such an idea played a significant role in shaping the development strategy of the region in the minds of Austrian and Bukovinian officials, and became a forerunner for main and regional railways in Bukovyna.
Ceramics of Halychyna in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Scientific and professional schools. Technologies. Personalities.
Authors: Khyzhynskyi Volodymyr , Lampeka Mykola , Strilets Valerii
Published: December 2021

An analysis of numerous artefacts of the first third of the 20th century suggests that the production of many varieties of art-and-industrial ceramics developed in Halychyna, in particular architectural ceramic plastics, a variety of functional ceramics, decorative tiles, ceramic tiles, facing tiles, etc. The artistic features of Halychyna art ceramics, the richness of methods for decorating and shaping it, stylistic features, as well as numerous art societies, scientific and professional associations, groups, plants and factories specializing in the production of ceramics reflect the general development of this industry in the first half of the century and represent the prerequisites the emergence of the school of professional ceramics in Halychyna at the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the formation and development of scientific and professional schools of art-and-industrial ceramics of Halychyna in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The research methodology was chosen, in accordance with the specific factual material, the goals and objectives set in the work, developed on the basis of a systematic approach and the principle of historicism, using the method of complex art analysis, synthesizing the research capabilities of comparative historical, functional, typological research methods. The principle of consistency assumed the consideration of certain issues, in accordance with the sequence of processes that took place in such a popular variety of professional decorative applied art as art ceramics. Due to this approach, the authors tried to focus on a detailed elucidation of the ways of building professional creativity in an inextricable relationship, taking into account the characteristics of a certain material, the needs of appropriate material support, and the establishment of technological processes. Furthermore, such a presentation of the paper material has provided a clearer indication of the possibilities and prospects for the development of the artistic ceramics art. In the process of work, the authors were aware that all the problems related to the art of the first half of the 20th century, including the development in the production of art ceramics in Halychyna, are only at a certain stage of thorough study. That is why this work is one of the stages on this path. In this regard, this study was interpreted by the authors not as one that should finally exhaust the chosen topic, but on the contrary – the work should create an opportunity for further more detailed study of individual phenomena, the work of artists, or the analysis of groups of specific pieces of art.
Artròpodes subterranis: novetats faunístiques i conservació en quatre espais naturals protegits de Catalunya
Authors: Fadrique F. , Auroux L. , Prieto M. , Mederos J. , Brañas N. , Gago S. , Caballero-López B. , Domingo L. , Masó G.
Published: December 2021

As a first approach to the conservation status of the hypogeous environment we studied six troglobyte arthropods in 19 chasms and caves in four natural reserves in Catalonia: Garraf, Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac, El Montseny, and El Montnegre i El Corredor. The target species were four leiodid beetles, Troglocharinus ferreri ferreri (Reitter), Troglocharinus kiesenwetteri sanllorensi (Zariquiey), Parvospeonomus canyellesi (Lagar), and Parvospeonomus urgellesi (Español), a pseudoscorpion, Troglobisium racovitzai (Ellingsen), and an isopod, Stenasellus virei Dollfus. Other findings of interest herein are the description of Dicranophragma relictum Mederos (Diptera: Limoniidae) and new citations for Catalonia of Troglobisium racovitzai, the beetle Linderia armata (Schaufuss), and the dipterans Dactylolabis sexmaculata (Macquart) i Elliptera hungarica Madarassy.

Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15468/dl.y7gbdr)
Uncovering Students' Knowledge in Local History: The Camando to Leon Case
Authors: Agon Maricar C.
Published: December 2021

This descriptive-quantitative research study determined the knowledge in the local history of the Grade 12 students in Leon, Iloilo, when respondents were classified according to a type of school, family income, place of residence, and exposure and participation in Municipal activities. Through stratified random sampling technique, 233 Grade 12 students of the six secondary schools in the Municipality of Leon Batch 2019-2020 were the selected participants. The data were gathered utilizing a duly-validated researcher-made questionnaire that was delivered via an online Google form to the selected Grade 12 students of the six secondary schools. Using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), the data was tallied, computer-processed, analyzed, and interpreted and set at a .05 level of significance. Students have average awareness of local history and exposure to and participation in various municipal events when classified by type of school, family income, and place of residence. When pupils were categorized according to the type of school, there was a significant difference in their knowledge of local history but no significant differences in their family income or place of residence. Students' knowledge of local history has no significant relationship to their level of exposure and participation in various municipal activities. Students are more knowledgeable about sociocultural history than they do about political history.
A Bibliometric Review of World Englishes (2010-2020)
Authors: Quan Li
Published: December 2021

This study conducts a bibliometric review of World Englishes (WE) from 2010 to 2020 using CiteSpace. Based on the articles in the four leading journals of WE retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database, several findings have been found. First, the number of articles has been gradually increasing from 2010 to 2020, with its citation frequency increasing enormously. Second, the landmark articles in WE research mainly focus on two aspects: the reconceptualization of theoretical frameworks, and the study of English varieties, with an emphasis on English in China. Third, WE research over the past decade includes four major areas: the study of Asian Englishes; language ideology, perceptions, and attitudes toward WE; WE in social media and popular culture; and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF).