bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Functionalization on the Adsorption of Arsenic Using Magnetite Nanocrystals
Authors: Pineda T. Luna , Perales-Pérez O. , Román-Velázquez F.
Published: December 2013

Bare-magnetite nanocrystals with an average size of 10 nm, synthesized using the co-precipitation method, were functionalized with sodium oleate (SO) in aqueous media. The SO–magnetite nanocrystals were then functionalized with meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) through a ligand-exchange process. Ultrasonication of the magnetite promoted the ligand-exchange reaction; suitable functionalization with DMSA was achieved after 1 hour of contact. The actual functionalization of the nanocrystals was verified using Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The adsorption capability of bare-magnetite, SO–magnetite and DMSA–magnetite nanocrystals for arsenate and arsenite aqueous species was assessed at different pHs. The DMSA–magnetite exhibited the maximum uptake capacity of 14.05 mg/g for arsenate species at a pH 6.5, whereas bare magnetite showed the highest uptake capacity of 11.53 mg/g for arsenite species at a pH 7.5. The adsorption isotherms fit the Freundlich model. Scatchard plots for arsenic species sorption suggested that the adsorption process took place via a single-step process.
Activated Carbon for CO2 Adsorption Obtained through the Chemical Activation of African Palm Stone
Authors: Vargas Diana P. , Gutiérrez Liliana Giraldo , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos
Published: December 2013

In this study, activated carbons were prepared and tested as CO2 adsorbents at a temperature of 273 K and at atmospheric pressure. African palm stone was used as the precursor material, which was initially impregnated with CaCl2 solutions at different concentrations. The textural characterization of activated carbons was performed by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The energetic parameters were determined by immersion calorimetry in benzene and water. In addition, the total acidity and basicity were estimated using Boehm titrations. A maximum surface area of 1700 m2 g−1 was obtained with a pore volume of 0.64 cm3 g−1. Immersion calorimetry provided results between −17.95 and −95.75 J g−1 in benzene and between −13.63 and −30.24 J g−1 in water. The materials had a maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 5.75 mmol CO2 g−1. It was found that the adsorption of gas increased with the total basicity and decreased with acidity. Finally, correlations were established between the textural characteristics, determined by gas adsorption and the immersion enthalpy data.
On the Design and Construction of Elastic Gridshells with Irregular Meshes
Authors: Hernández Elisa Lafuente , Baverel Olivier , Gengnagel Christoph
Published: December 2013

Despite the time and cost advantages by the manufacture, transport and assembling of elastic gridshells, high material stresses are induced on the structures during their shaping process. An optimisation of the grid arrangement in order to reduce the curvature of the grid profiles and with it the initial bending stresses is therefore crucial when considering the stress reserves under subsequent external loading.

To be able to deploy and bend the structure as a whole grid and thereby accelerate their construction process, elastic gridshells usually exhibit constant mesh size ( regular gridshells). However, this condition makes the optimisation of regular gridshells only possible until a certain level. In this paper, several double-curved gridshells have been optimised allowing variation on the mesh size ( irregular gridshells), so that a further reduction of the profiles' curvature and lower concentration of stresses could be obtained.

By the construction of irregular gridshells, the grid profiles are normally independently bent in an incremental process, generally more time-consuming than by regular gridshells. Nevertheless, if the bending stiffness of the grid profiles is low enough, large deformations can be induced on the irregular meshes and the structures can be built by bending the whole grid. The stresses generated during the construction process must be previously controlled, e.g. using numerical simulation. For this paper, the erection process of an elastic hemisphere with irregular mesh and 10m diameter has been analysed by means of finite element modelling and tested on a 1:1-prototype. The comparison of the resulting geometry and load-bearing behaviour between the modelled and real structures are presented.
Morphological and Mechanical Investigation of Interconnected Elastic Gridshells
Authors: Jensen Tim-Joachim , Baverel Olivier , Douthe Cyril
Published: December 2013

This paper describes the structural reinforcement of elastic gridshells by interconnecting several gridshells together. Reference for the present investigation is taken from the composite (GFRP) gridshell structure built for the Forum of the Solidays music festival in Paris in 2011. The principle of interconnection is illustrated with various structures which are generated using numerical toolbox developed by the laboratory for the automatic meshing of free-forms structures on Rhino. Then the effect of the interconnection on the structural behaviour is briefly discussed based on elementary loading cases. Finally, the feasibility of the concept as well as its architectural and morphological potential is show by the construction of a double gridshell prototype. The authors conclude on the possible future developments of such morphologies which could give interesting and unexpected architectures.
Active Bending, a Review on Structures where Bending is Used as a Self-Formation Process
Authors: Lienhard Julian , Alpermann Holger , Gengnagel Christoph , Knippers Jan
Published: December 2013

In this paper structures that actively use bending as a self-forming process are reviewed. By bringing together important material developments and various historical as well as recently built samples of such structures, the aim is to show coherences in their design approach, structural systems and behaviour. Different approaches to bending-active structures are defined and described. By making this work accessible and categorising it, this paper aims to contribute to an emerging development.

A differentiation of such structures is suggested based on their design approaches. Three such approaches are differentiated: the behaviour based approach, the geometry based approach and current research that seeks to integrate the two. In this paper the nature of these approaches and some important project samples are discussed.
Calculation of the Overall Stiffness and Irreversible Deflection of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Castel Arnaud , François Raoul
Published: December 2013

The method proposed in this paper aims to assess both the irreversible deflection of cracked reinforced concrete beams when unloaded and their overall stiffness under loading cycles which is relevant for in-situ analysis of existing structures. Only service stage is modeled and time-dependent effects such as creep and shrinkage are not taken into account. The modeling approach combines an existing model based on an empirical moment-curvature analytic relationship with a new Macro-Finite-Element (MFE) both implemented in a linear finite element analysis. MFEs are Beam Finite Elements, characterized by their average moment of inertia. The average moment of inertia is calculated by homogenization of the steel strain, concrete strain and neutral axis modeled between two consecutive bending cracks. The results of the MFE model have been successfully compared to experiments. The irreversible deflection represents a significant proportion of the total deflection in service and the overall stiffness of the cracked beams during the loading cycles is strongly under-estimated by existing models based on empirical moment-curvature relationships.
Earthquake Induced Pounding-Involved Response of Base-Isolated Buildings Incorporating Soil Flexibility
Authors: Mahmoud Sayed , Gutub Saud A.
Published: December 2013

This research aims to get some insight into the influence of supporting soil on the seismic response of base-isolated buildings impacting with the neighbouring retaining wall. Two ground motion records from two different regions are used as excitations. A nonlinear impact model is incorporated to capture the pounding force. In addition, an efficient discrete-element model is applied to represent the rotational and horizontal movements of the soil. The dynamic response of the isolated building resting on different flexible base soils and hits the adjacent abutment and the corresponding response of the building resting on a rigid base soil are presented. Analysis of the results expressed in the form of time-history and peak response for various values of structural natural periods, gap sizes, and base-isolated periods is carried out. The results show a considerable influence of the simultaneous effect of base-isolated pounding and base soil flexibility on the dynamic response of isolated buildings during earthquakes.
Understanding the Use of Emotionally Abusive Coaching Practices
Authors: Stirling Ashley E.
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore coaches' reflections on their previous use of emotionally abusive practices in the coach-athlete relationship. Participants included seven male and two female coaches who were coaching at the national or international level within Canada. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant, and data were coded using inductive coding techniques. From the raw data, a number of main themes emerged including: descriptions of emotional abuse, perceived reasons for using emotionally abusive coaching behaviours, the benevolence of the coach, and perceived reasons for change in coaching behaviour. Findings are interpreted to suggest two distinct origins of emotional abuse. Additionally, based on the coaches' reflections on perceived reasons for why they no longer use emotionally abusive practices, determinants of change in coach behaviour are proposed. Applied and theoretical recommendations are discussed.
“Let's Pick Him!”: Ratings of Skill Level on the Basis of in-Game Playing Behaviour in Bantam League Junior ICE Hockey
Authors: Tromp E. J. Yvonne , Pepping Gert-Jan , Lyons Jim , Elferink-Gemser Marije T. , Visscher Chris
Published: December 2013

Rating a player's skill level is an essential task for coaches to select the players with greatest potential to reach the top and to further be able to adjust the training program to the skill level of the player in order to most optimally facilitate the player's learning and performance. However, limited research exists on how they do this. This study examined the association between in-game playing behaviours and observers' ratings of skill level. Three observers rated 71 junior ice hockey players (House League Level, Bantam Division in Canada). Results revealed that players were more often rated high skilled when they executed a greater numbers of actions, of which relatively more shots and carries compared to passes, and when they were involved in the play more often (p < .05). Conversely, players were rated more often low skilled when they executed fewer actions, of which relatively more passes, and when they were involved in the play less often (p < .05). The in-game playing behaviours appeared to be used as information sources for player ratings. The results presented highlight the need for further research on the sources of information used by coaches as it will increase awareness about their coaching's process with regard to player selection and player development.
Decision-Making Styles among Norwegian Soccer Coaches: An Analysis of Decision-Making Style in Relation to Elite and Non-Elite Coaching and Level of Playing History
Authors: Giske Rune , Benestad Beate , Haraldstad Kristin , Høigaard Rune
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate soccer coaches' decision-making styles in relation to elite and non-elite coaching experience and level of playing history. A basic assumption was that leader efficiency in soccer is heavily dependent on the quality of the coach's decisions. Efficient decisions are related to experience, and it is not unreasonable that involvement in the soccer context is associated with differences in decision-making style. In this study, decision-making style was defined as a learned habitual response pattern exhibited by an individual when confronted with a decision situation. To assess coaches' decision-making style, we used the General Decision-Making Style (GDMS) scale. Ninety-nine male football coaches in Norway with a mean age of 41 and mean coaching experience of 13.26 years volunteered to participate in the study. The results show that soccer coaches tend to be predominantly rational or intuitive in their decision-making style, with almost no evidence of the avoidant decision-making style. Experts in a domain are characterised by greater use of intuition in their decision-making than non-experts. The results support this assumption, showing that coaches with elite coaching experience seem to have a greater preference for intuitive or rational decision-making style than do other coaches. Soccer coaches with elite-level player experience also use intuitive or rational decision-making styles significantly more often than coaches lacking such experience, suggesting a connection between involvement in a community of practice and soccer coaches' decision-making style. Further research should expand our scientific knowledge about how soccer coaches make decisions in different contexts and clarify strategies for facilitating decision-making in coaching.
Opportunities for and Success in Dribbling, Passing, Receiving, and Shooting in Youth Basketball
Authors: Arias-Estero José L.
Published: December 2013

The aims of this study were to analyze: a) the relation between the frequency of opportunities for and success in dribbling, passing, receiving, and shooting; and b) the relation between the frequency of dribbling, passing, receiving and shooting. Participants were 59 children from six basketball teams, between 9–11 years of age ( M = 10.80, SD = 0.57). The sample consisted of 25,177 dribbles, 8,160 passes, 7,515 receptions, and 3,075 shots from 30 games. An idiographic, ongoing, and multidimensional design was used. The games were recorded, and four trained collaborators ( ICC > .95) observed the recordings. In all the motor skills, there were more opportunities than successful actions ( p < 0.000). Opportunities for and success in dribbling were higher than opportunities for and success in passing, receiving, and shooting. In view of the results, various practical considerations are suggested.
Measuring Tactical Behaviour Using Technological Metrics: Case Study of a Football Game
Authors: Clemente Filipe M. , Couceiro Micael S. , Martins Fernando M. L. , Mendes Rui , Figueiredo António J.
Published: December 2013

In football, the tactical behaviour of a team is related to the state of ball possession, i.e., the defensive and offensive phases. The aim of this study was to measure the tactical responses of two opposing teams in the moments with and without ball possession, thus trying to identify differences in results arising from tactical metrics such as weighted centroid position, weighted stretch index, surface area and effective area of play. The herein presented results show statistical differences in both teams, either with or without the ball possession, for the -axis centroid ( p-value ≤ 0.001), -axis centroid ( p-value ≤ 0.001), stretch index ( p-value ≤ 0.001), surface area ( p-value ≤ 0.001) and effective area of play ( p-value ≤ 0.001). Such results confirm that teams react depending upon ball's possession, respecting the tactical principles of width and length, as well as the unit in the offensive phase with ball possession, and also the concentration and defensive unit in the moments without ball possession.
MPOWER: An Observation System for Assessing Coach Autonomy Support in High School Varsity Boys' Soccer Practices
Authors: Webster Collin A. , Wellborn Ben , Hunt Kevin , LaFleche Marc , Cribbs Jason , Lineberger Blake
Published: December 2013

Substantial focus in coaching science has turned to the construct of autonomy support, given mounting evidence of its positive role in athlete motivation and performance. However, existing research is mostly limited to perceptions data, which problematizes its translation to coach education, training, and development. This paper describes the development of an observation system (MPOWER) for coding coach autonomy support. MPOWER was designed for use within high school varsity boys' soccer practices as part of a larger study. Grounded in self-determination theory literature and guided by recommendations for developing contextually valid observation systems, the instrument includes six behavior concepts: moves decision-making (M), prompts for questions and feelings (P), opts to use player idea (O), withholds information to guide response (W), empathizes with negative affect (E), and rationalizes (R). MPOWER yields descriptive information for research on autonomy supportive coaching, as well as coach education and development.
Association of Selected Physical Fitness Parameters with Club Head Speed and Carry Distance in Recreational Golf Players
Authors: Loock Henriette , Grace Jeanne , Semple Stuart
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between selected physical fitness parameters and club head speed (CHS) as well as carry distance (CD) in recreational golf players. The study population comprised 101 male recreational golf players (age: 38.23 +/– 16.55 y). Using the driver and iron, both CHS and CD were measured utilising Flightscope technology. Lower back flexibility (sit-and-reach), muscle resistance/endurance (sit-ups, push-ups and wall-squats), muscle resistance (back dynamometer), cardio respiratory fitness (3 minute step-test) and balance (Biodex Balance System) were also measured for each participant. A positive association was observed between lower back strength and driver CD (r = 0.470), driver CHS (r = 0.558), iron CD (r = 0.439) and iron CHS (r = 0.597). Weaker associations were observed between push-ups and driver CHS (r = 0.285) as well as wall-squats and driver CHS (r = 0.250). When compared with other physical fitness parameters in recreational golf players, lower back strength seems to account for more of the variance observed in CHS and CD. These observations tend to suggest that lower back strength is an important contributor towards the execution of the golf swing and as such should be addressed through appropriate resistance and conditioning interventions.
Allusive Translation and Chronological Paradox in Varro of Atax’s Argonautae
Authors: Polt Christopher B.
Published: December 2013

Catullus 64 revises traditional mythological chronology by making the Argo the first ship; this “correction” strongly influenced subsequent Latin poetry. Varro of Atax, a young contemporary of Catullus, alludes to this temporal “correction” and to poem 64 more broadly in his Latin translation of Apollonius’ Argonautica , problematizing his principal source text. This allusive technique reveals a complex recreative relationship between translation and source text vis-à-vis other poems that allude to and “correct” this source. Ovid nods at Varro’s “correction” significantly and repeatedly. Varro played an important role as an allusive bridge between Neoteric and Augustan poetry and poetics.
Wars More Than Civil: Memories of Pompey and Caesar in the Octavia
Authors: Ginsberg Lauren Donovan
Published: December 2013

As the Octavia replays a moment in Rome’s recent history—the struggle to see which Caesar would outlast the rest—its characters simultaneously replay a crucial struggle from the Julio-Claudians’ rise to power: the civil war between Pompey the Great and Julius Caesar. The Octavia ’s allusive language recasts its Neronian characters as the Republic’s leading generals, turning strife within the imperial family into a civil war that threatens to engulf the Roman world once more. The play thus challenges the predominant cultural memories of peace fostered by the Julio-Claudian dynasty and promotes instead a counter-memory rooted in civil strife.
Mastering Oratory: The Mock-Trial in Apuleius’ Metamorphoses 3.3.1–7.1
Authors: La Bua Giuseppe
Published: December 2013

The playful manipulation of ritual, literary, and legal elements marks the Festival of Laughter in Book 3 of the Metamorphoses (1–11) as one of the most innovative episodes of Apuleius’ novel. This article examines the rhetorical and judicial strategy adopted by the prosecutor and the defendant in the mock-trial. It also argues that Lucius’ defense speech is modeled on Cicero’s Pro Milone . By revitalizing the portrait of Cicero acting in defense of Milo, the learned novelist devises a new, amusing form of entertainment, increasing the fictionality of the oratorical-theatrical performance and making Lucius-Cicero producer, performer, and victim of the collective hoax.
Narrative Doublets in the Epic Cycle
Authors: Sammons Benjamin
Published: December 2013

I argue that a specific compositional device, the so-called “anticipatory doublet,” can be observed in ancient accounts of the poems of the Epic Cycle. This insight can help shed light on the narrative and thematic structure of these poems and buttresses the view that their authors were well-versed in the compositional methods of the old oral tradition.
Who Calls the Tune: Literary Criticism, Theatrocracy, and the Performance of Philosophy in Plato’s Laws
Authors: Folch Marcus
Published: December 2013

This article offers a study of literary criticism in Plato’s Laws . According to standard accounts of the history of literary criticism, fourth-century philosophers represent a break from archaic and democratic notions of poetic judgment. The interpretation presented here suggests that the Laws synthesizes archaic and contemporary critical practices. In doing so, it fashions literary criticism as a performance of philosophy, combining claims to social and political authority with the evaluation of texts according to independent, objective criteria. The Laws thereby offers a hybrid model of contemporary critical practices to extend the ideal city’s political and moral philosophy into contexts of performance.
Arthurian Knights in Fourteenth-Century Iceland: Erex Saga and Ívens Saga in the World of Ormur Snorrason
Authors: Bandlien Bjørn
Published: December 2013

The earliest known Icelandic manuscript containing translations of Chrétien de Troyes’ romances was commissioned by the rich landowner Ormur Snorrason. In this version the Arthurian knights defend the kingdom while maintaining a problematic relationship to the court. Ormur Snorrason experienced similar challenges during his career as a royal official in Iceland.
Picturing Arthur in English History: Text and Image in the Middle English Prose Brut
Authors: Bryan Elizabeth J.
Published: December 2013

Seven illustrated manuscripts of the Middle English Prose Brut portray images of King Arthur. These visual representations of Arthur work with and against their narrative texts in the service of at least four different historiographical schemes, but British Arthur remains a linchpin of English history in all seven Brut chronicles.
To the Well: Malory’s Sir Palomides on Ideals of Chivalric Reputation, Male Friendship, Romantic Love, Religious Conversion—and Loyalty
Authors: Holbrook Sue Ellen
Published: December 2013

Although Palomides in Malory’s Morte Darthur and his counterpart in the French Tristan en Prose are usually discussed by their roles, my study selects five scenes linked by woodland settings, wells, and complaints. Accordingly, it demonstrates what each scene shows about the values of reputation, friendship, love, religious conviction, and—in the aftermath of the rupture between Lancelot and Arthur—the capacity for loyalty to Lancelot shown by Palomides and his brother Saphir.
Dating De ortu Waluuanii from Twelfth-Century Ship Design
Authors: Day Mildred Leake
Published: December 2013

The significance of the Latin De ortu Waluuanii nepotis Arturi in the development of the Arthurian legend depends upon when it was written. While the surviving manuscript dates from the fourteenth century, different dates of composition have been suggested from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. John Bale, in his catalogue, assigns it to Robert de Torigni, abbot of Mont St. Michel, 1134–1186. I propose that composition in the twelfth century is reinforced in the text by ship design.
The Archaeology of World War II Japanese Stragglers on the Island of Guam and the Bushido Code
Authors: Dixon Boyd , Gilda Laura , Bulgrin Lon
Published: December 2013

The U.S. invasion of the Micronesian island of Guam in July of 1944 ended the three-year Japanese occupation of this American possession, and by August 10 all formal resistance was over. However, two companies of approximately 60 Japanese infantry still under military command were ordered by their officers to conduct guerilla warfare against American forces, while smaller groups of stragglers escaped into the rugged interior of the island to avoid combat. Recent archaeological surveys of the U.S. Naval Ordnance Annex revealed evidence of occupation of limestone rockshelters and caverns by one of these companies, who often utilized or modified items of American manufacture recovered from U.S. military dumps for their daily survival. The company’s military commander eventually surrendered upon orders of the Emperor of Japan on September 4, 1945, but other stragglers on Guam survived for decades after World War II, the last being captured in 1972. The disciplined survival of organized World War II Japanese soldiers across the Pacific reflected the spirit of Bushido or Way of the Warrior, a feudal code of conduct embracing not only military behavior during battle, but the conduct of soldiers in all aspects of life.
Na Koronivalu ni Bā: Upland Settlement during the Last Millennium in the Bā River Valley and Vatia Peninsula, Northern Viti Levu Island, Fiji
Authors: Nunn Patrick D.
Published: December 2013

Former settlements, now abandoned, are found in inland upland locations on many larger islands in the tropical Pacific. In Fiji, such settlements are known today as koronivalu (war-towns) and, as elsewhere in the region, appear to have been established within the same period during the first half of the last millennium. Twenty-seven koronivalu were mapped for this research in the Bā Valley and nearby Vatia Peninsula, northern Viti Levu Island (Fiji); of these, nine were subject to detailed investigation. All koronivalu are in defensible locations, either with exceptional views across the surrounding landscape or hidden within deep narrow valleys. At all koronivalu , evidence for the consumption of marine shellfish was found, even though the sites are often far from the coast. Twenty-four radiocarbon ages from charcoal and shellfish remains were obtained. A single age around a.d. 700 from the farthest inland site (Koroikewa) appears anomalous. The remainder, once adjusted, suggest that most koronivalu in the study area were established a.d. 1200–1750, perhaps separable into early ( a.d. 1200–1450) and later ( a.d. 1500–1750) phases. While questions remain about the functions of these koronivalu , the fact that, as elsewhere in Fiji and in other western Pacific Island groups, they appear to have been established within the same period suggests that there is a region-wide explanation for the profound settlement-pattern change this implies. Climate change, perhaps expressed through drought and/or sea-level change, appears the only plausible external forcing mechanism.
Behavioural Complexity and Modern Traits in the Philippine Upper Palaeolithic
Authors: Pawlik Alfred F.
Published: December 2013

Behavioral modernity has been a widely neglected topic for Southeast Asia’s prehistory. Evidence of modern packages or even traits is basically absent in the Palaeolithic assemblages. This absence has considerably influenced the discussion of hominid behavior and their cultural and cognitive abilities. In a case study on terminal Pleistocene artifacts from Ille Cave on Palawan Island, indications of the presence of several items of the modern trait list, foremost the first evidence of hafted lithic tools and the use of adhesives in the Philippine Palaeolithic, were detected through microwear analysis. The results showed that unretouched and morphologically less characteristic flaked artifacts often considered as mere expedient tools could have served as hafted armatures of multicomponent tools. For the ongoing discussion on the development and expansion of modern behavior, methods like microwear analysis can eliminate some limitations of traditional technological and morphological analysis of lithic assemblages.
Materializing Identity—A Statistical Analysis of the Western Zhou Liulihe Cemetery
Authors: Jaffe Yitzchak
Published: December 2013

Questions of identity are of paramount importance in research of the Western Zhou period, both in the central plain and among its vassal states. Yet most research done to date has focused on the Zhou bureaucratic order and government. These analyses have been very successful in delineating political culture, administration, and kinship ties, and have provided important information on elite taste and customs. However, they have paid less attention to uncovering other social groupings and relations, and do not systematically address the ways in which local identities were exercised or displayed. This article presents a multivariate statistical analysis of the Liulihe cemetery of the Western Zhou state of Yan. This analysis uncovers new elements comprising the complex social makeup and identity of the Liulihe occupants. These findings provide a richer understanding of the Yan society compared with the traditional approach that centered on the delineation of Zhou political elements and ethnic characteristics. A more intricate society emerges, one not solely defined by the amount of Zhou style it exhibited.
Chulmun Neolithic Intensification, Complexity, and Emerging Agriculture in Korea
Authors: Shin Sook-Chung , Rhee Song-Nai , Aikens C. Melvin
Published: December 2013

Emergence of complex society in prehistoric Korea has long been understood as a socioeconomic corollary of its Bronze Age agriculture (1300–300 b.c. ). Archaeological data accumulated in recent years, however, point to the contrary. By around 3500 b.c. Korea’s Neolithic society had gone beyond foraging and collecting and become a society of the middle ground. It became increasingly sedentary and began food production, initially at a low level, as it sought to secure critical resources through logistic strategies. It also increasingly utilized storage as a mechanism of risk and wealth management. Gradually intensifying subsistence strategies that combined hunting, fishing, gathering, mobile horticulture, and storage mechanism, enabled Korea’s Chulmun Neolithic society to maintain its sociopolitical and economic stability over a period of several millennia. The intensification increased during the Late Neolithic with emerging mixed crop farming and mass-capture of marine resources. Post-Neolithic florescence of rice-based agriculture and the revolutionary societal elaboration during and beyond the Bronze Age were direct outcomes of socioeconomic foundations laid by the indigenous Korean hunter-fisher-gatherer-cultivators during the Chulmun Neolithic.
Plow, Town, and Gown: The Politics of Family Practice in 1960s America
Authors: Tobbell Dominique
Published: December 2013

In the 1960s, general practitioners organized themselves into a state-based nationwide political movement that lobbied state legislators and state-funded medical schools to create departments of family practice. They framed their calls in the context of the national shortages of primary care physicians by arguing that those medical schools that received state funding had an obligation to the state to train sufficient numbers of primary care physicians to ensure the health care needs of the state’s residents would be met. As this article reveals, two defining features of this activism were rural politics and the politics of town and gown. The history of family practice thus introduces a new dimension to the familiar dyad of town and gown relations: the plow—rural physicians who brought to the medical politics of the post–World War II United States a distinctive and powerful set of political, social, and economic interests.
The Invention of Infertility in the Classical Greek World: Medicine, Divinity, and Gender
Authors: Flemming Rebecca
Published: December 2013

The article examines the understandings of, and responses to, reproductive failure in the classical Greek world. It discusses explanations and treatments for non-procreation in a range of ancient Greek medical texts, focusing on the writings of the Hippocratic Corpus, which devote considerable energy to matters of fertility and generation, and places them alongside the availability of a divine approach to dealing with reproductive disruption, the possibility of asking various deities, including the specialist healing god Asclepius, for assistance in having children. Though the relations between these options are complex, they combine to produce a rich remedial array for those struggling with childlessness, the possibility that any impediment to procreation can be removed. Classical Greece, rather than the nineteenth century, or even 1978, is thus the time when “infertility,” understood as an essentially reversible somatic state, was invented.
On the Borderland of Medical and Disability History: A Survey of the Fields
Authors: Linker Beth
Published: December 2013

This essay explores the multiple sites where disability appears in the history of medicine and suggests ways in which medical historians can self-consciously incorporate a disability perspective into their own work. Just as medical historians have much to learn from disability historians, disability historians could benefit from looking more closely at the history of medicine. While disability cannot (and should not) be reduced to disease, the fact remains that some forms of disability are brought about by disease processes, and some require daily regimes of home health care, therapy, and pain management. How the disabled have interacted with health care institutions, caretakers, and the medical establishment is too significant to be written out of its history.
Dying to Get Out of the Asylum: Mortality and Madness in Four Mental Hospitals in Victorian Canada, c. 1841–1891
Authors: Wright David , Jacklin Laurie , Themeles Tom
Published: December 2013

This article examines the status of lunatic cadavers during the second half of the nineteenth century. The first section summarizes cause of death data of over three thousand patients who were admitted to the four principal lunatic asylums in the province of Ontario (Canada). The results illuminate the alleged causes of death, revealing, among other factors, the impact of tuberculosis and general paralysis of the insane. The data also suggest that there was a steady increase in life chances of those entering the mental hospital over the five decades under study. The second section of the article investigates the tension between medical schools and asylum superintendents as educational requirements for nineteenth-century medical education necessitated more and more material for dissection, elevating the status of alienists as gatekeepers to cadavers. The article then concludes by reflecting on what implications these findings have for our understanding of the Victorian lunatic asylum.
The Benevolent Tyranny of Biostatistics: Public Administration and the Promotion of Biostatistics at the National Institutes of Health, 1946–1970
Authors: Patel Sejal
Published: December 2013

This article explores the central role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in developing and promoting biostatistics in American biomedical research between the late 1940s and the late 1960s. During this period, the NIH invested in the training of both intramural and extramural biostatisticians and was considered the single largest user of biostatisticians in the country. In addition to helping meet the scientific needs of NIH investigators, this article argues that biostatisticians played a critical role in aligning NIH-funded scientific endeavors with new public administration mandates and policies. In particular, it argues that the changing expectations of federal oversight and management played a central, though largely unrecognized, role in the growing presence of biostatistics at the NIH and in American health and biomedical research during the 1960s.
Un análisis de la literatura sobre la sociedad civil cubana
Authors: Romeu Jorge Luis
Published: December 2013

L’étude de la Société Civile (SC) est devenue durant ces vingt dernières années, un sujet des plus passionnants, compte tenu de son impact sur des évènements majeurs d’une ampleur mondiale comme la désintégration des pays socialiste d’Europe de l’Est, la chute du mur de Berlin et plus récemment le mouvement civique perçu comme l’ éveil du Moyen Orient . Ces évènements ont été liés à l’existence et aux activités de groupes de la Société Civile, l’absence ou la faiblesse de ces groupes et de la SC en général, quand les changements ne sont pas effectifs. Tout cela laisse à penser qu’effectivement le mouvement de la SC est un facteur important dans les évènements relatifs à l’évolution politique. Cet article passe en revue la littérature concernant la SC cubaine, dans le but de démontrer (1) comment elle a été étudié (2), son état actuel, identifier sa composition, et évaluer sa capacité d’interaction dans le système cubain, ce qui a provoqué des réformes intéressantes. Certains chercheurs présentent l’étude de la SC cubaine comme un projet de la dissidence politique et des groupes religieux, ce à des fins de diversion. Pourtant, d’autres groupes sociaux n’ayant pas nécessairement brandi une quelconque appartenance politique ou religieuse qui ont été ignorés, ou perçus comme marginalisés, et dont la contribution est d’une grande importance pour la SC cubaine; ces groupements sont évalués et analysés dans cet article. En outre, nous présentons une brève analyse de la SC des années antérieures à 1959, de leur disparition et le remplacement par le nouveau format de la révolution, puis une analyse critique des différents études sur la SC cubaine regroupées en trois thèmes principaux. Des discussions sur la SC actuelle sont suivies de conclusions que nous avons formulées sur l’état actuel de ce mouvement et son avenir possible sur la base d’hypothèses diverses.
Mouvements et mouvances de l’identité regionale caribéenne
Authors: Dubesset Eric
Published: December 2013

Cet article met l’accent sur l’identité régionale dans les Caraïbes au moyen d’une approche heuristique qui implique des paradigmes de mouvements, de mobilité, de changement constants et d’influences diverses n’étant pas limitées à des paramètres fixes ou structurés. Notre démarche consiste à dépasser des observations traditionnelles de l’espace sédentaire, afin de mieux appréhender les liens entre les différentes composantes de la région ainsi que les sphères d’influences et les échelles d’inclusion qui vont du micro-local au global. Les notions de « mouvement » et de « mouvance » suggérant d’un point de vue conceptuel que notre objet d’étude s’inscrit dans une perspective dynamique, quoique liée à une approche transdisciplinaire, puisent leur validité dans le champ d’investigation géopolitique.
Creolizing Globalization: Pan-Cultural Identities and Language in Saint Lucia
Authors: St-Hilaire Aonghas
Published: December 2013

Saint Lucie, le comme la plupart du reste de la Caraïbes, est une société créole. Vue les circonstances spécifiques de la région, l’identité culturelle antillaise créole est fluide. Les résidents de l’île connaissent des réalités culturelles communes entre leur île et les Caraïbes francophones utilisant le créole à base lexicale française, et d’ autre part, celle des anglophones. Ils valorisent les différentes langues de son héritage colonial- le français, le kwéyòl et l’anglais- tant pour des raisons intangibles relatives aux valeurs de l’identité locale et pan-culturelles, que pour certaine opportunité économique et sociale que ces langues favorisent. Sous l’influence de la globalisation, une hiérarchie a été définie dans le cadre de la valorisation de ces langues. Les habitants de l’île valorisent l’anglais parce qu’il représente un plus grand bénéfice sur le plan socio-économique tant qu’à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de Sainte Lucie. Ils considèrent le français comme une langue secondaire et complémentaire et, à cause de sa versatilité communicative avec les voisins, l’affluence de la Martinique et son secteur touristique. Même si la majeure partie des résidents confesse l’importance de leur créole à base lexicale française, kwéyòl, ce symbole exceptionnel de la nationalité de Sainte Lucie, il reste toujours un grand perdant au point de vue de la compétence l’ère postcoloniale et de façon globale. Vue l’influence de la globalisation et comme une société en état de changement, l’orientation de la tradition culturelle de Saint Lucie est entrain train de changer, car le kwéyòl se fait supplanter par l’anglais. Cependant, de nouvelles formes culturelles et linguistiques sont entrain de surgir. L’anglais vernaculaire, un anglais créolisé kwéyòl traversé par une forte influence du kwéyòl, est transforme en une nouvelle forme de langue franche de la nation, utilisée spécialement parmi les travailleurs urbains et les jeunes.
Bailando el Caribe: Corporalidad, identidad y ciudadanía en las Plazas de Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Celis Nadia V.
Published: December 2013

Cet article analyse le conflit concernant l’utilisation de l’espace public par les danseurs folkloriques de Carthagène des Indes de la région Caraïbe colombienne. L’article retrace la persistance des conflits historiques relatifs à la présence afro dans la construction de l’identité hégémonique de la ville et les différents éléments constitutifs avant d’être une destination touristique. En outre, il présente le débat des artistes sur leur droit de travail et la représentation de la culture de la ville par rapport aux images promues dans le discours historique et l’industrie touristique. Tout en considérant le « féminisme corporel », des études caribéennes ainsi que des recherches liées à la danse, l’article met l’accent sur le rôle de la conscience corporelle dans l’identité culturelle caribéennes en démontrant comment les corps préservent et actualisent la mémoire des éléments exclus. L’exhibitionnisme de ces danseurs attire le public vers des pratiques « sensuelles» inspirées par des agences et citoyens à travers lesquels les sujets marginalisés se circonscrivent et négocient les conditions de leur appartenance à un projet de ville et de la nation qui, malgré leurs présumées politiques pluralistes, sont reconnus et identifiés comme des exclus.
La presse française face à Cuba, ses dirigeants et institutions politiques en février 2008 : des informations et désinformation ?
Authors: Argaillot Janice
Published: December 2013

Le 19 février 2008, Fidel Castro annonce par voie de presse à ses compatriotes sa volonté de ne pas briguer un nouveau mandat. Quelques jours plus tard, Raúl Castro est élu Président du Conseil d’État de la République de Cuba. Les termes « mandat » et « république » semblent aller à l’encontre de l’image qui s’est imprimée dans l’imaginaire collectif français de la plus grande île de la Caraïbe. Ils s’opposent ainsi à la « dictature castriste » et à la « transition » mises en avant par la presse métropolitaine française. Cet article se propose d’analyser le traitement qui fut fait de Cuba, de son organisation politique et de Fidel Castro au cours de cette période dans la presse hexagonale, dans le but de mettre en avant certains préjugés largement diffusés en France quant à l’Île, mais également de comprendre comment les stéréotypes peuvent faire tache d’huile dans l’imaginaire collectif.
La América septentrional y sus exploraciones estratégicas: La comisión de José de (H)evia entre Florida y Tampico (1783–1786)
Authors: González-Ripoll Loles
Published: December 2013

Le dernier quart du 18 eme siècle a vu de nombreuses tentatives à compléter et étendre la connaissance exacte des zones adjacentes au Golfe du Mexique, l’une des zones les plus importantes pour la sécurité du commerce espagnol et le maintien de sa souveraineté et de zones d’exploitation commerciale. Compte tenu de la crainte ressentie par la Couronne Espagnole vis-à-vis de l’exploit des colons nord-américains, Bernado de Gálvez a mis sur pied une commission cartographique et de contrôle autour de la côte mexicaine entre Tampico et Floride. L’article met en contexte l’activité exploratoire, d’ailleurs peu étudiée, de l’espagnol de José de Hevia entre 1783 et 1786 à partir des cotes occidentales de la péninsule de Floride vers le cap de San Blas, Nouvelle Orléans et le baie de San Bernardo pour conclure avec le projet de cartographié de la côte vers Tampico en territoire de la Nouvelle Espagne tout en considérant Veracruz comme fin de mission.
Can the Service Sector Strike?
Authors: Fraser Max
Published: December 2013

As Silicon Valley companies have grown, with skyrocketing profits and public approbation, their executives have been startled recently to encounter an obstacle beyond their control: government regulation. Facebook now employs enough H1-B visa holders to trigger limits on its employment of hightech immigrant workers. For a company that has built a global empire on “sharing,” or moving user data through Facebook’s system as freely as possible, the prospect of limits—whether on the distribution of data or human resources—is not welcome. Facebook’s slogan, “move fast and break things,” takes as a given that the company is firmly in the driver’s seat, choosing its speed and what limits it will surpass, without its pace regulated by outside forces. Accustomed to relative technical sovereignty, Facebook and its cohort see the prospect of federal immigration restrictions not as a divergence of their interests with that of the public, but as an outdated threat from Washington, the imposition of old values on an ecosystem that has transcended them.
The Values of Dissent
Authors: Cohen Mitchell
Published: December 2013

Do you remember the proverbial “herd of independent minds”? That was critic Harold Rosenberg’s description, decades ago, of the New York intellectuals. These days some packs are still (alas!) on the left, some on the right, and some run somewhere in the famous “middle.” You are a Dissenter if you see a stampede and think it ought to be tripped up, whatever its origins. Grammar tells us to dissent from something. Political engagement tells us we must be for something too. So negative and positive acts need to be partnered with each other. The point is not simply to denounce all those unhappy matters that we ought to protest: exploitation, bigotries (like those based on race, gender, or religion), poverty—you know the list, and there are, sadly, always additions to it. Smart dissent debunks but always seeks ways to make lives—or more generally, the framework of life—better.
Two Roads Forward for Labor: The AFL–CIO’s New Agenda
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: December 2013

An early defeat and a year-old victory have put energy and urgency into the effort by American trade unionists to launch what AFL-CIO president Richard Trumka has declared a “new strategic initiative.” The 2010 defeat in Barack Obama’s first term of the Employee Free Choice Act, the “card check” membership sign-up law, derailed labor hopes for a new era of organization and membership growth, especially among the tens of millions of low-wage workers who are employed in the retail, hotel, health care, and warehouse industries. But then came the re-election of Obama. Despite high unemployment, a weak economy, and a noticeable lack of enthusiasm on the part of some of his partisans, including many in the trade union movement, the president pulled off a victory that, by way of contrast, seemed far more like a vindication of social policy liberalism than had been put forward in Bill Clinton’s 1996 campaign.