bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mock modularity from black hole scattering states
Authors: Murthy Sameer , Pioline Boris
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The exact degeneracies of quarter-BPS dyons in Type II string theory on K3 × T
2 are given by Fourier coefficients of the inverse of the Igusa cusp form. For a fixed magnetic charge invariant m, the generating function of these degeneracies naturally decomposes as a sum of two parts, which are supposed to account for single-centered black holes, and two-centered black hole bound states, respectively. The decomposition is such that each part is separately modular covariant but neither is holomorphic, calling for a physical interpretation of the non-holomorphy. We resolve this puzzle by computing the supersymmetric index of the quantum mechanics of two-centered half-BPS black-holes, which we model by geodesic motion on Taub-NUT space subject to a certain potential. We compute a suitable index using localization methods, and find that it includes both a temperature-independent contribution from BPS bound states, as well as a temperature-dependent contribution due to a spectral asymmetry in the continuum of scattering states. The continuum contribution agrees precisely with the non-holomorphic completion term required for the modularity of the generating function of two-centered black hole bound states.
Experimental Determination of the Sn-Cu-Ni Phase Diagram for Pb-Free Solder Applications
Authors: Henao Hector M. , Chu Ching-shun , Solis Juan P. , Nogita Kazuhiro
Published: December 2018

The rapid increase of scrapped electrical products disposed in landfill sites is significantly influencing the environment because of the composition of the associated components. This situation has been the stimulus for the international community to issue a directive to prohibit the use of Pb-containing solders in electronic devices and effectively ban such products on the market. The Sn-Cu-Ni has become increasingly significant as it is used in several solder alloys and more generally both Cu and Ni are common substrates that interact with Sn-based solders in microelectronic applications. However, there is currently an insufficient understanding of the phase equilibria and the associated phase diagrams of many Sn alloys. The present work implemented an experimental methodology to obtain high accuracy results for the phase equilibria between one liquid and one or two intermetallic compounds. The Sn-Cu-Ni and the associated Sn-Cu and Sn-Ni binary systems have been re-evaluated and compared with the literature. The liquidus and the invariant lines were determined for the Sn-Cu-Ni ternary at the temperatures ranges of between 240 °C and 270 °C. The result will contribute to filling phase equilibria data gaps in the Sn-rich corner of the Sn-Cu-Ni alloy system.
Editorial
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve
Published: December 2018

The Marriott breach is a convincing argument for a change in attitude with regard to security. Traditionally, we have been focused on intrusion prevention. It's time to shift to intrusion detection.
A framework for security technology cohesion in the era of the GDPR
Authors: Wilson Simon
Published: December 2018

Right now, malicious actors are attempting to penetrate your organisation's network. In the UK, four out of 10 businesses have suffered a breach or attack in the past 12 months, rising to two-thirds for larger businesses. 1 The stakes have never been higher: the average total cost of a data breach in the UK is already £3.96m. 2 With the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) now adding considerable fines, this figure will only increase.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) creates a new benchmark for personal data protection and its influence will be felt far and wide. It is now the template for privacy laws throughout the world.

In addition, security and IT teams now have the opportunity to use the GDPR framework to better manage the collection and use of personal data while filling in potential gaps in their protection infrastructure. Simon Wilson of Aruba proposes a framework to ensure that attacks are dealt with in a GDPR-aware manner, minimising fines, reducing breach-related costs and ultimately better protecting information.
Conceivability Arguments, Properties, and Powers: A New Defense of Dispositionalism
Authors: SCHROER ROBERT
Published: December 2018

Dispositionalists maintain that the essence of a property is determined by the powers it confers upon its bearers and, as a result, that there is a necessary connection between properties and their powers. Contingentists, in contrast, maintain that the connection is contingent. The ability to conceive of a property as failing to confer some of its powers is often cited as an objection against dispositionalism. The standard dispositionalist response to this objection is to redescribe the imagined scenario so that it no longer serves as a threat. Using the literature on phenomenal concepts as inspiration, I develop a new defense of dispositionalism that echoes Brian Loar's (1990) response to conceivability arguments against physicalism. Not only can Loar's general strategy be usefully applied to this new context, there is a sense in which that strategy works better here than it does in the original context in which Loar deployed it.
On the small-scale structure of turbulence and its impact on the pressure field
Authors: Vlaykov Dimitar G. , Wilczek Michael
Published: December 2018

Understanding the small-scale structure of incompressible turbulence and its implications for the non-local pressure field is one of the fundamental challenges in fluid mechanics. Intense velocity gradient structures tend to cluster on a range of scales which affects the pressure through a Poisson equation. Here we present a quantitative investigation of the spatial distribution of these structures conditional on their intensity for Taylor-based Reynolds numbers in the range [160, 380]. We find that the correlation length of the second invariant of the velocity gradient is proportional to the Kolmogorov scale. It is also a good indicator for the spatial localization of intense enstrophy and strain-dominated regions, as well as the separation between them. We describe and quantify the differences in the two-point statistics of these regions and the impact they have on the non-locality of the pressure field as a function of the intensity of the regions. Specifically, across the examined range of Reynolds numbers, the pressure in strong rotation-dominated regions is governed by a dissipation-scale neighbourhood. In strong strain-dominated regions, on the other hand, it is determined primarily by a larger neighbourhood reaching inertial scales.
A flow separation model for hydrofoil, propeller and duct sections with blunt trailing edges
Authors: Du Weikang , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: December 2018

The panel method does not apply to hydrofoils, propellers and ducts with blunt trailing edges due to the flow separation downstream. In this paper, a model is proposed to represent the flow separation with an extension, and a low-order panel method coupled with a boundary layer solver is used. The criteria of zero lift and zero moment are adopted to determine the end of the extension zone, and flow separation criteria are used to determine the starting points on either side of the section. The model is applied to hydrofoil, bare duct and ducted propeller sections with blunt trailing edges. The pressure distributions and skin frictions along the hydrofoils and ducts correlate well with those from the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method. The thrust and torque of the propeller agree much better with experimental measurements when the extension is determined from this model rather than choosing random locations. This model requires much less computational effort while preserving high accuracy, and thus can be used reliably in designing and analysing hydrofoils and propeller ducts with blunt trailing edges.
From three-dimensional to quasi-two-dimensional: transient growth in magnetohydrodynamic duct flows
Authors: Cassells Oliver G. W. , Vo Tony , Pothérat Alban , Sheard Gregory J.
Published: December 2018

This study seeks to elucidate the linear transient growth mechanisms in a uniform duct with square cross-section applicable to flows of electrically conducting fluids under the influence of an external magnetic field. A particular focus is given to the question of whether at high magnetic fields purely two-dimensional mechanisms exist, and whether these can be described by a computationally inexpensive quasi-two-dimensional model. Two Reynolds numbers of $5000$ and $15\,000$ and an extensive range of Hartmann numbers $0\leqslant \mathit{Ha}\leqslant 800$ were investigated. Three broad regimes are identified in which optimal mode topology and non-modal growth mechanisms are distinct. These regimes, corresponding to low, moderate and high magnetic field strengths, are found to be governed by the independent parameters; Hartmann number, Reynolds number based on the Hartmann layer thickness $R_{H}$ and Reynolds number built upon the Shercliff layer thickness $R_{S}$, respectively. Transition between regimes respectively occurs at $\mathit{Ha}\approx 2$ and no lower than $R_{H}\approx 33.\dot{3}$. Notably for the high Hartmann number regime, quasi-two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models are shown to be excellent predictors of not only transient growth magnitudes, but also the fundamental growth mechanisms of linear disturbances. This paves the way for a precise analysis of transition to quasi-two-dimensional turbulence at much higher Hartmann numbers than is currently achievable.
Geomorphic processes influence human settlement on two islands in the Islands of Four Mountains, Alaska
Authors: Persico Lyman , Lanman Henry , Loopesko Lydia , Bruner Kale , Nicolaysen Kirsten
Published: December 2018

The Islands of Four Mountains island group of the Aleutian island arc is remote and difficult to access. Consequently, little fieldwork has focused on geomorphic processes and their relationship to island morphology, climatic change, and human settlement. We investigated glacial, fluvial, and slope processes on the morphologically different Carlisle, Cleveland, and Tana volcanoes. The islands were extensively glaciated at the last glacial maximum (LGM), and there is evidence for a Neoglacial advance. On the highly dissected Tana volcano, a large basin is likely the result of a pre-LGM sector collapse and subsequent glacial erosion into weak hydrothermally altered rock. Valley and moraine morphology is also influenced by hydrothermal alteration. On both Tana and Carlisle, there are sediment fans composed dominantly of thick debris flow deposits mantled by ~3 m of layered tephras, fine-grained alluvium, and anthropogenic deposits. Debris flow deposition was favored during the unstable paraglacial landscape of the early Holocene–latest Pleistocene. The earliest direct archaeological evidence for settlement is 3.8 cal ka BP, but soil geochemical evidence suggests that the islands were inhabited by 7.3 cal ka BP. This discrepancy in the archaeological record may be explained by geomorphic processes including coastal erosion and unstable geomorphic surfaces.
Translating GWAS findings into therapies for depression and anxiety disorders: gene-set analyses reveal enrichment of psychiatric drug classes and implications for drug repositioning
Authors: So Hon-Cheong , Chau Carlos Kwan-Long , Lau Alexandria , Wong Sze-Yung , Zhao Kai
Published: December 2018

Background

Depression and anxiety disorders (AD) are the first and sixth leading causes of disability worldwide. Despite their high prevalence and significant disability resulted, there are limited advances in new drug development. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have greatly advanced our understanding of the genetic basis underlying psychiatric disorders.

Methods

Here we employed gene-set analyses of GWAS summary statistics for drug repositioning. We explored five related GWAS datasets, including two on major depressive disorder (MDD2018 and MDD-CONVERGE, with the latter focusing on severe melancholic depression), one on AD, and two on depressive symptoms and neuroticism in the population. We extracted gene-sets associated with each drug from DSigDB and examined their association with each GWAS phenotype. We also performed repositioning analyses on meta-analyzed GWAS data, integrating evidence from all related phenotypes.

Results

Importantly, we showed that the repositioning hits are generally enriched for known psychiatric medications or those considered in clinical trials. Enrichment was seen for antidepressants and anxiolytics but also for antipsychotics. We also revealed new candidates or drug classes for repositioning, some of which were supported by experimental or clinical studies. For example, the top repositioning hit using meta-analyzedpvalues was fendiline, which was shown to produce antidepressant-like effects in mouse models by inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase.

Conclusion

Taken together, our findings suggest that human genomic data such as GWAS are useful in guiding drug discoveries for depression and AD.
THE FORMATIVE TO CLASSIC PERIOD TRANSITION AT IZAPA: UPDATES FROM THE IZAPA HOUSEHOLD ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
Authors: Mendelsohn Rebecca R.
Published: December 2018

In southern Mesoamerica, the period between 100b.c.anda.d.400 saw both the apogee and fall of several powerful Formative-period cities. Previous reports have suggested that conquest from the southeast may have prompted a unique decline at Izapa around 100b.c., when many neighboring cities were prospering. Over the last five years, new archaeological data has emerged for the Formative to Classic period transition at Izapa. The present work summarizes these updates and highlights recent deposits excavated during the Izapa Household Archaeology Project. These updates raise questions about the Hato-phase intrusion hypothesis proposed by Lowe and colleagues (1982). I close with an alternative proposal that, beginning around 100b.c., increased network participation and a change in the institution of kingship produced some of the dramatic changes in ceramics and burial patterns observed at the site.
TRANSISTHMIAN TIES: EPI-OLMEC AND IZAPAN INTERACTION
Authors: Pool Christopher A. , Loughlin Michael L. , Ortiz Ceballos Ponciano
Published: December 2018

In 1943, Matthew Stirling (1943:72) once opined, “Izapa appears to be much more closely related to the earth-mound sites of southern Veracruz … than it does with sites in the Maya area.” Since then, scholars have postulated ties of varying strength between Late Formative polities on either side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Ceramic similarities have been noted between southern Chiapas and the Gulf Coast, but discussion of Late Formative transisthmian interaction has focused primarily on sculptural similarities between Izapa and sites of the lower Papaloapan basin, including Tres Zapotes, El Mesón, and Alvarado. Indeed, Michael Coe (1965b:773) suggested that the Izapan art style may have originated on the Gulf Coast rather than on the Pacific slope. In this article, we reexamine Late Formative interaction between Izapa and Epi-Olmec polities with an expanded data set based on recent iconographic studies and archaeological investigations in and around Tres Zapotes.
INTRODUCING IZAPA
Authors: Rosenswig Robert M. , Guernsey Julia
Published: December 2018

This paper introduces the articles that comprise this Special Issue on Izapa. First, we review early reporting and assessments of Izapa's monuments as well as archaeological investigations undertaken at the site during the twentieth century. Next, we describe more recent developments in interpretation and new archeological excavations and survey data collected during the past two decades. The papers in this Special Issue present new information that contribute to our evolving understanding of Izapa during the millennium that stretches from the Middle Formative period through the Middle Classic period (700b.c.–a.d.600). They serve as a status report on our understanding of the still largely enigmatic ancient kingdom, its regional structure, and connections to contemporaneous Isthmian sites.
A Defense of Limited Regulation of Human Genetic Therapies
Authors: HUGHES JAMES J.
Published: December 2018

There is a role for regulatory oversight over new genetic technologies. Research must ensure the rights of human subjects, and all medical products and techniques should be ensured to be safe and effective. In the United States, these forms of regulation are largely the purview of the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration. Some have argued, however, that human genetic therapies require new regulatory agencies empowered to enforce cultural norms, protect against hypothetical social harms, or ensure that the human genome remains unchanged. Focusing on the United States, this essay will briefly review these arguments and argue that the current limited regulatory role over human gene therapies is sufficient to protect public health, bodily autonomy, and reproductive freedom.
Involving Patients in Research? Responsible Research and Innovation in Small- and Medium-Sized European Health Care Enterprises*
Authors: IORDANOU KALYPSO
Published: December 2018

Health research is generally undertaken to resolve existing health problems or enhance existing solutions. Research ethics committees have been the main governance tool for research for more than half a century. Their role is to ensure that research is undertaken ethically. To close the increasing gap between science and society, other governance tools are required. The European Commission recommends and actively promotes the policy of responsible research and innovation (RRI). In addition to sound research ethics, a key feature of RRI is the involvement of different societal stakeholders throughout the research process.

But how accepted is the involvement of societal stakeholders in the research of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the health care sector? This question is examined based on 18 in-depth interviews with private health care industry representatives from across Europe in companies focusing on developing medical device technology. Findings suggest that SMEs are reluctant to undertake research involving patients, especially in the early stages of the research and innovation process. For some SMEs this is due to concerns about the dangers of raising expectations they cannot meet, while for others the main concerns are increasing costs and producing less competitive products. Implications of the research findings are discussed.
CATEGORICAL PROOF OF HOLOMORPHIC ATIYAH–BOTT FORMULA
Authors: Kondyrev Grigory , Prikhodko Artem
Published: December 2018

Given a $2$-commutative diagram

in a symmetric monoidal $(\infty ,2)$-category $\mathscr{E}$ where $X,Y\in \mathscr{E}$ are dualizable objects and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$ admits a right adjoint we construct a natural morphism $\mathsf{Tr}_{\mathscr{E}}(F_{X})\xrightarrow[{}]{~~~~~}\mathsf{Tr}_{\mathscr{E}}(F_{Y})$ between the traces of $F_{X}$ and $F_{Y}$, respectively. We then apply this formalism to the case when $\mathscr{E}$ is the $(\infty ,2)$-category of $k$-linear presentable categories which in combination of various calculations in the setting of derived algebraic geometry gives a categorical proof of the classical Atiyah–Bott formula (also known as the Holomorphic Lefschetz fixed point formula).
Addressing perceived economic obstacles to genetic testing as a way to mitigate disparities in family health history for adoptees
Authors: May Thomas , Evans James P.
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we ask whether or not we can afford to realize the potential benefits of genetic testing as a screening tool for adoptees. Our method is to provide reasonable cost and savings estimates. We argue that the prospect of cost neutrality should be sufficient to explore the targeted screening for a population who will otherwise suffer an avoidable health disparity in access to inherited disease information. Our goal here is to establish that the investment needed to attain these benefits is not beyond our means.
Gestörtes Essverhalten und Essstörungen: neue Herausforderungen
Authors: Munsch Simone
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen stellen schwerwiegende psychische Störungen dar, die nebst der Nahrungsaufnahme und dem Gewicht die Einstellung zum Körper und den Umgang mit Emotionen betreffen. Essstörungen treten gehäuft in der Adoleszenz bzw. im frühen Erwachsenenalter auf und führen zu einer schwerwiegenden Beeinträchtigung der psychischen und körperlichen Entwicklung. Aus diesem Grund widmet sich dieses Themenheft der Prävention von Essstörungen, den zugrundeliegender Lernmechanismen, der Ausprägung von Körperbildstörungen bei Männern sowie neuen Ansätzen zur Behandlung gestörten Essverhaltens.
Constraining the Fluid History of a CO2‐H2S Reservoir: Insights From Stable Isotopes, REE, and Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry
Authors: Zwahlen Carmen , Hollis Cathy , Lawson Michael , Becker Stephen P. , Boyce Adrian , Zhou Zheng , Holland Greg
Published: December 2018

Reservoirs that host CO2‐H2S‐bearing gases provide a key insight into crustal redox reactions such as thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Despite this, there remains a poor understanding of the extent, duration, and the factors limiting this process on a reservoir scale. Here we show how a combination of petrography, fluid inclusion, rare earth element (REE), and carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O), and sulfur (δ34S) stable isotope data can disentangle the fluid history of the world's largest CO2accumulation, the LaBarge Field in Wyoming, USA. The carbonate‐hosted LaBarge Field was charged with oil around 80 Ma ago, which together with nodular anhydrite represent the reactants for TSR. The nodules exhibit two distinct trends of evolution in δ13C with both δ34S and δ18O that may be coupled to two different processes. The first trend was interpreted to reflect the coupled dissolution of anhydrite and reduction to elemental sulfur and the oxidation of organic compounds and associated precipitation of calcite during TSR. In contrast, the second trend was interpreted to be the result of the hydrothermal CO2influx after the cessation of TSR. In addition, mass balance calculations were performed to estimate an approximate TSR reaction duration of 80 ka and to identify the availability of organic compounds as the limiting factor of the TSR process. Such an approach provides a tool for the prediction of TSR occurrence elsewhere and advancing our understanding of crustal fluid interactions.
Multispacecraft Analysis of Electron Holes
Authors: Steinvall K. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Russell C. T. , Burch J. L.
Published: December 2018

Electron holes (EHs) are nonlinear electrostatic structures in plasmas. Most previous in situ studies of EHs have been limited to single‐ and two‐spacecraft methods. We present statistics of EHs observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on the magnetospheric side of the magnetopause during October 2016 when the spacecraft separation was around 6 km. Each EH is observed by all four spacecraft, allowing EH properties to be determined with unprecedented accuracy. We find that the parallel length scale, l∥, scales with the Debye length. The EHs can be separated into three groups of speed and potential based on their coupling to ions. We present a method for calculating the perpendicular length scale, l⊥. The method can be applied to a small subset of the observed EHs for which we find shapes ranging from almost spherical to more oblate. For the remaining EHs we use statistical arguments to find l⊥/l∥≈5, implying dominance of oblate EHs.
Magnetic Connectivity in the Corona as a Source of Structure in the Solar Wind
Authors: Burkholder B. L. , Otto A. , Delamere P. A. , Borovsky J. E.
Published: December 2018

Five decades of satellite data confirm that the solar wind contains many boundaries separating flow with distinct magnetic and plasma properties. Some speculate the boundaries in the solar wind found at Earth originate at the solar surface and are carried along with the expanding solar wind as fossil structures to 1 AU. This begs the question, is it the physics and magnetic structure above the photosphere that creates well‐defined boundaries between different magnetic flux regions at 1 AU in the solar wind? Magnetic boundaries in the corona exist all the time as topological features of null points in the field. These topological magnetic boundaries seem to be likely locations for plasma boundaries. It can be expected that these boundaries are typical locations where field line‐integrated quantities, such as field‐aligned current, experience large and abrupt changes. We perform three‐dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar corona driven by photospheric foot point motions. We find that large and abrupt changes occur for field line‐integrated quantities across a magnetic topological boundary and the cause for these changes is the discontinuous mapping for magnetic field lines and thus for Alfvén waves across these boundaries. It is also demonstrated via in situ properties that thin layers of field‐aligned and perpendicular currents are frequently located at or close to topological boundaries.
Evaluation of Temporally Correlated Noise in Global Navigation Satellite System Time Series: Geodetic Monument Performance
Authors: Langbein John , Svarc Jerry L.
Published: December 2018

Estimates of background noise of Global Positioning System‐derived time series of positions for 740 sites in the western United States are examined. These data consist of daily epochs of three components of displacements that are at least 9.75 years long within the interval between 2000 and 2018. We find that these time series have significant temporal correlations that could be represented as a combination of white, flicker, random‐walk, and band‐pass filtered noise. From this noise model, two other metrics are computed: the root‐mean‐square of seasonal noise, that is, the integrated power spectrum between 0.5 and 2 cycles per year, and the standard error in position rate for a 10‐year‐long time series. These two metrics are used to evaluate potential correlations with different geographic regions and with different methods of construction of monuments used to attach the Global Positioning System antenna to the Earth's surface. The sites with the lowest noise, both in terms of rate error and seasonal root‐mean‐square, are located in semiarid regions east of the rain shadow provided by the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges. In addition, according to statistical rank tests, monuments known as drilled‐braced monuments perform 30% to 50% better than other monument types (buildings, boreholes, piers, etc.) in terms of having smaller rate errors and lower seasonal noise.
Controls on Carbonate System Dynamics in a Coastal Plain Estuary: A Modeling Study
Authors: Shen Chunqi , Testa Jeremy M. , Li Ming , Cai Wei‐Jun , Waldbusser George G. , Ni Wenfei , Kemp W. Michael , Cornwell Jeffrey , Chen Baoshan , Brodeur Jean , Su Jianzhong
Published: December 2018

The study of acidification in Chesapeake Bay is challenged by the complex spatial and temporal patterns of estuarine carbonate chemistry driven by highly variable freshwater and nutrient inputs. A new module was developed within an existing coupled hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model to understand the underlying processes controlling variations in the carbonate system. We present a validation of the model against a diversity of field observations, which demonstrated the model's ability to reproduce large‐scale carbonate chemistry dynamics of Chesapeake Bay. Analysis of model results revealed that hypoxia and acidification were observed to cooccur in midbay bottom waters and seasonal cycles in these metrics were regulated by aerobic respiration and vertical mixing. Calcium carbonate dissolution was an important buffering mechanism for pH changes in late summer, leading to stable or slightly higher pH values in this season despite persistent hypoxic conditions. Model results indicate a strong spatial gradient in air‐sea CO2 fluxes, where the heterotrophic upper bay was a strong CO2 source to atmosphere, the mid bay was a net sink with much higher rates of net photosynthesis, and the lower bay was in a balanced condition. Scenario analysis revealed that reductions in riverine nutrient loading will decrease the acid water volume (pH < 7.5) as a consequence of reduced organic matter generation and subsequent respiration, while bay‐wide dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) increased and pH declined under scenarios of continuous anthropogenic CO2 emission. This analysis underscores the complexity of carbonate system dynamics in a productive coastal plain estuary with large salinity gradients.
The Clinician’s Guide to Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding
Authors: Kuo Jean R. , Pasha Shabana F. , Leighton Jonathan A.
Published: December 2018

Small bowel bleeding accounts for 5–10% of gastrointestinal bleeding. With the advent of capsule endoscopy, device-assisted enteroscopy, and multiphase CT scanning, a small bowel source can now be found in many instances of what has previously been described as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a practical review on the evaluation and management of small bowel bleeding for the practicing clinician.
The Traditional Chinese Medicine MLC901 inhibits inflammation processes after focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Widmann C. , Gandin C. , Petit-Paitel A. , Lazdunski M. , Heurteaux C.
Published: December 2018

Inflammation is considered as a major contributor to brain injury following cerebral ischemia. The therapeutic potential of both MLC601/MLC901, which are herbal extract preparations derived from Chinese Medicine, has been reported both in advanced stroke clinical trials and also in animal and cellular models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MLC901 on the different steps of post-ischemic inflammation in focal ischemia in mice. In vivo injury was induced by 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. MLC901 was administered in post-treatment 90 min after the onset of ischemia and once a day during reperfusion. MLC901 treatment resulted in a reduction in infarct volume, a decrease of Blood Brain Barrier leakage and brain swelling, an improvement in neurological scores and a reduction of mortality rate at 24 hours after MCAO. These beneficial effects of MLC901 were accompanied by an inhibition of astrocytes and microglia/macrophage activation, a drastically decreased neutrophil invasion into the ischemic brain as well as by a negative regulation of pro-inflammatory mediator expression (cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases). MLC901 significantly inhibited the expression of Prx6 as well as the transcriptional activity of NFκB and the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, an important pathway in the immune response in the ischemic brain. MLC901 effects on the neuroinflammation cascade induced by cerebral ischemia probably contribute, in a very significant way, in its potential therapeutic value.
OATP1B3 (699G>A) and CYP2C9*2, *3 significantly influenced the transport and metabolism of glibenclamide and glipizide
Authors: Yang Fayou , Liu Linlin , Chen Lin , Liu Mingyi , Liu Fanglan , Xiong Yuqing , Hu Xiao , Xia Chunhua
Published: December 2018

Glibenclamide and glipizide show large substantial inter-individual variation in clinical efficacy, which may be resulted from the genetic differences of metabolic enzymes and transporters in individuals. This study purposed to investigate the effect of OATP1B3 and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the transport and metabolism of glibenclamide and glipizide in human. An LC-MS method was used to determine the uptake of glibenclamide and glipizide in OATP1B3, OATP1B3 (344T > G) and OATP1B3 (699G > A)-HEK293T cells and their metabolism in CYP2C9*1, *2 and *3 recombinase system. Glibenclamide can be taken in OATP1B3 (wild-type), OATP1B3 (344T > G) and OATP1B3 (699G > A)-HEK293T cells with the Vmax values of 44.91 ± 7.97, 46.08 ± 8.69, and 37.31 ± 5.04 pmol/min/mg, while glipizide was taken in with Vmax of 16.50 ± 3.64, 16.87 ± 4.23, and 13.42 ± 2.79 pmol/min/mg, respectively. The internal clearance of glibenclamide and glipizide in OATP1B3 (699G > A) was less than that in wild-type. Glibenclamide can be metabolized in CYP2C9*1, *2 and *3 recombinase system with the Vmax values of 1.58 ± 0.71, 0.69 ± 0.25, and 0.41 ± 0.13 nmol/min/mg protein, while glipizide was metabolized with Vmax of 8.82 ± 2.78, 5.99 ± 1.95, and 2.87 ± 1.03 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The internal clearance of glibenclamide and glipizide in CYP2C9*2 and *3 was markedly reduced compared to that in CYP2C9*1. These results collectively demonstrate that OATP1B3 (699G > A) and CYP2C9*2 and *3 have a significant influence on the transport and metabolism of glibenclamide and glipizide.
Improved druggability of gambogic acid using core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Fulei , Huang Xiaoxian , Han Lingfei , Sang Mangmang , Hu Lejian , Liu Bowen , Duan Bingjing , Jiang Pan , Wang Xin , Qiao Zhou , Ma Congyu , Liu Wenyuan , Liu Jun , Feng Feng , Qu Wei
Published: December 2018

A core-shell hybrid nanoparticle has been developed to improve the druggability of Gambogic acid (GA), a natural antitumor drug candidate.
A high-areal-capacity lithium–sulfur cathode achieved by a boron-doped carbon–sulfur aerogel with consecutive core–shell structures
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Yan Yan , Li Kun , Yu Yang , Wang Qinghong , Liu Mingkai
Published: December 2018

A boron-doped carbon–sulfur (BCS) aerogel with consecutive “core–shell” structures achieves a high specific capacity of 1326 mA h g−1, a high areal capacity of 13.5 mA h cm−2, and a long-term cycling stability.
Correction: Multiple cluster CH activations and transformations of furan by triosmium carbonyl complexes
Authors: Adams Richard D. , Kiprotich Emmanuel J. , Smith Mark D.
Published: December 2018

Correction for ‘Multiple cluster CH activations and transformations of furan by triosmium carbonyl complexes’ by Richard D. Adams et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 3464–3467.
Oxygen diffusion in amorphous and partially crystalline gallium oxide
Authors: von der Heiden Alexandra , Bornhöfft Manuel , Mayer Joachim , Martin Manfred
Published: December 2018

We established a TTT diagram of crystallisation of gallium oxide. Determination of oxygen tracer diffusion coefficients by IEDP/ToF-SIMS allowed us to access the activation energy for amorphous GaO1.5 at low temperatures.
DEA dynamics of chlorine dioxide probed by velocity slice imaging
Authors: Gope Krishnendu , Mason Nigel , Krishnakumar E. , Prabhudesai Vaibhav S.
Published: December 2018

The dissociative electron attachment dynamics of atmospherically important chlorine dioxide (OClO) is unravelled for the first time using velocity slice imaging.
Role of sulfur in proton-induced collisions of RNA prebiotic precursors
Authors: Bacchus-Montabonel Marie-Christine
Published: December 2018

Charge transfer theoretical treatment of proton-induced collisions on the sulfur-containing cyclic RNA precursor, 2-aminothiazole. Role of sulfur in the process and implications in prebiotic selective synthesis.
Highly luminescent copper(i) halide complexes chelated with a tetradentate ligand (PNNP): synthesis, structure, photophysical properties and theoretical studies
Authors: Jia Ji-Hui , Chen Xu-Lin , Liao Jian-Zhen , Liang Dong , Yang Ming-Xue , Yu Rongmin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: December 2018

Strongly emissive copper(i) halide complexes constructed from a new tetradentate chelating ligand and butterfly-shaped Cu2X2 cores are presented and systematically investigated.
Energy storage inspired by nature – ionic liquid iron–sulfur clusters as electrolytes for redox flow batteries
Authors: Modrzynski Christian , Burger Peter
Published: December 2018

A redox flow battery electrolyte with a high energy density based on redox-active ionic liquids with iron–sulfur-clusters was prepared and investigated.
11B and89Y solid state MAS NMR spectroscopic investigations of the layered borides YTB4(T = Mo, W, Re)
Authors: Benndorf Christopher , de Oliveira Marcos , Doerenkamp Carsten , Haarmann Frank , Fickenscher Thomas , Kösters Jutta , Eckert Hellmut , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: December 2018

The YCrB4type borides YTB4(T = Mo, W, Re) were synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and subsequent annealing.
Binding affinity of pyridines with AmIII/CmIII elucidated by density functional theory calculations
Authors: Yu Jie , Ma Jun , Yang Chuting , Yu Haizhu
Published: December 2018

The binding affinity of AmIII/CmIII to a series of pyridines under different concentrations of nitrate were investigated by density functional theory calculations.
Systematic control of the rate of singlet fission within 6,13-diphenylpentacene aggregates with PbS quantum dot templates
Authors: Wang Chen , Kodaimati Mohamad S. , Lian Shichen , Weiss Emily A.
Published: December 2018

Perturbation of molecular packing and dielectric environment at a quantum dot surface can promote singlet fission in diphenylpentacene aggregates.
Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of usnic acid derivatives
Authors: Kartsev Victor , Lichitsky Boris , Geronikaki Athina , Petrou Anthi , Smiljkovic Marija , Kostic Marina , Radanovic Oliver , Soković Marina
Published: December 2018

Correction for ‘Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of usnic acid derivatives’ by Victor Kartsev et al., MedChemComm, 2018, 9, 870–882.
Construction of a 3D porous Co(ii) metal–organic framework (MOF) with Lewis acidic metal sites exhibiting selective CO2 capture and conversion under mild conditions
Authors: Dhankhar Sandeep Singh , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: December 2018

The application of a 3D Co(ii)-MOF as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates is reported.
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery via RBC-hitchhiking for the inhibition of lung metastases growth
Authors: Zelepukin I. V. , Yaremenko A. V. , Shipunova V. O. , Babenyshev A. V. , Balalaeva I. V. , Nikitin P. I. , Deyev S. M. , Nikitin M. P.
Published: December 2018

RBC-hitchhiking regime is shown without prolongation of nanoparticle blood circulation but with the record 120-fold boost of particle delivery to lungs. The approach is efficient for treatment of pulmonary metastases.
KIO3-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction: sulfenylation of phenol and arylamine derivatives in water at room temperature
Authors: Kong Dulin , Huang Tiao , Liang Min , Wu Mingshu , Lin Qiang
Published: December 2018

A metal-free direct sulfenylation of phenol and arylamine derivatives with various heterocyclic thiols and thiones using a cross dehydrogenative coupling protocol in water at room temperature has been developed.
[RhIII(Cp*)]-catalyzed arylfluorination of α-diazoketoesters for facile synthesis of α-aryl-α-fluoroketoesters
Authors: Ng Fo-Ning , Chan Chun-Ming , Li Jianbin , Sun Mingzi , Lu Yin-Suo , Zhou Zhongyuan , Huang Bolong , Yu Wing-Yiu
Published: December 2018

The Cp*Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade arylfluorination reactions of α-diazoketoesters with arylboronic acids and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide for one-pot C(sp3)–C(aryl) and C(sp3)–F bond formation was achieved.
Theory of defect motion in 2D passive and active nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Tang Xingzhou , Selinger Jonathan V.
Published: December 2018

In passive and active liquid crystals, topological defects can be described as oriented particles responding to elastic and drag forces.
Non-monotonic, lily-like twist distribution in toroidal nematics
Authors: Pedrini Andrea , Piastra Marco , Virga Epifanio G.
Published: December 2018

Lily-like twist distribution on the cross-section of toroidal nematic droplets.
Design of a microfluidic device for the measurement of the elastic modulus of deformable particles
Authors: Villone Massimiliano M. , Nunes Janine K. , Li Yankai , Stone Howard A. , Maffettone Pier Luca
Published: December 2018

A microfluidic technique recently proposed in the literature to measure the interfacial tension between a liquid droplet and an immiscible suspending liquid [Hudson et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2005, 87, 081905], [Cabral and Hudson, Lab Chip, 2006, 6, 427] is suitably adapted to the characterization of the elastic modulus of soft particles in a continuous-flow process.
Enhancing electron transport via graphene quantum dot/SnO2 composites for efficient and durable flexible perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Zhou Yu , Yang Sisi , Yin Xuewen , Han Jianhua , Tai Meiqian , Zhao Xingyue , Chen Hui , Gu Youchen , Wang Ning , Lin Hong
Published: December 2018

Low-temperature processed GQDs and SnO2 nanoparticles composites (G@SnO2) have been prepared through a facile synthetic path. Facilitated electron transfer and suppressed interfacial charge recombination enable flexible perovskite solar cells with superb efficiency and excellent durability.
The top-down synthesis of sequentially controlled architectures for honeycomb-layered Na3Ni2BiO6 towards high-voltage and superior performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhang Guoming , Qu Weili , Wang Huifeng , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao
Published: December 2018

The “top-down” synthesis of diverse architectures for honeycomb-layered Na3Ni2BiO6 oxides provides a new clue for the design and controllable fabrication of high-voltage and superior performance cathodes for sodium ion batteries.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoprobes for ratiometric detection of cancer cells
Authors: Li Linhu , Liao Mengling , Chen Yingfan , Shan Beibei , Li Ming
Published: December 2018

A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic strategy is developed for ratiometric detection of cancer cells by quantifying the expression ratio of extracellular biomarkers.
Bipolar luminescent azaindole derivative exhibiting aggregation-induced emission for non-doped organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Martin Cristina , Borreguero Carlos , Kennes Koen , Van der Auweraer Mark , Hofkens J. , de Miguel Gustavo , García-Frutos Eva M.
Published: December 2018

A new D–A bipolar luminescent azaindole demonstrates its potential applicability in non-doped OLEDs.
The peroxisomal zebrafish SCP2-thiolase (type-1) is a weak transient dimer as revealed by crystal structures and native mass spectrometry
Authors: Kiema Tiila-Riikka , Thapa Chandan J. , Laitaoja Mikko , Schmitz Werner , Maksimainen Mirko M. , Fukao Toshiyuki , Rouvinen Juha , Jänis Janne , Wierenga Rik K.
Published: December 2018

The SCP2 (sterol carrier protein 2)-thiolase (type-1) functions in the vertebrate peroxisomal, bile acid synthesis pathway, converting 24-keto-THC-CoA and CoA into choloyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. This conversion concerns the β-oxidation chain shortening of the steroid fatty acyl-moiety of 24-keto-THC-CoA. This class of dimeric thiolases has previously been poorly characterized. High-resolution crystal structures of the zebrafish SCP2-thiolase (type-1) now reveal an open catalytic site, shaped by residues of both subunits. The structure of its non-dimerized monomeric form has also been captured in the obtained crystals. Four loops at the dimer interface adopt very different conformations in the monomeric form. These loops also shape the active site and their structural changes explain why a competent active site is not present in the monomeric form. Native mass spectrometry studies confirm that the zebrafish SCP2-thiolase (type-1) as well as its human homolog are weak transient dimers in solution. The crystallographic binding studies reveal the mode of binding of CoA and octanoyl-CoA in the active site, highlighting the conserved geometry of the nucleophilic cysteine, the catalytic acid/base cysteine and the two oxyanion holes. The dimer interface of SCP2-thiolase (type-1) is equally extensive as in other thiolase dimers; however, it is more polar than any of the corresponding interfaces, which correlates with the notion that the enzyme forms a weak transient dimer. The structure comparison of the monomeric and dimeric forms suggests functional relevance of this property. These comparisons provide also insights into the structural rearrangements that occur when the folded inactive monomers assemble into the mature dimer.
Adaptive backstepping control for strict‐feedback non‐linear systems with input delay and disturbances
Authors: Ma Jiali , Xu Shengyuan , Cui Guozeng , Chen Weimin , Zhang Zhengqiang
Published: December 2018

The problem of adaptive neural networks (NNs) control for a class of uncertain non‐linear systems with input delay and disturbances is studied. By using Pade approximation method, an auxiliary system is constructed to compensate the input delay based on the introduced variable. NNs are used to approximate the unknown non‐linear functions. With the aid of backstepping technique, adaptive NNs controllers are designed which can guarantee all the signals in the closed‐loop systems are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error can be adjusted around the origin with a small neighbourhood. The stability of the closed‐loop systems is proved by using the Lyapunov stability theorem and two simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Robust containment control of heterogeneous non‐linear multi‐agent systems via power series approach
Authors: Li Shaobao , Zhang Jie , Er Meng‐Joo , Luo Xiaoyuan , Yang Zhenyu , Wang Ning
Published: December 2018

In this study, the robust containment control problem of general non‐linear multi‐agent systems (MASs) subject to structural uncertainties is studied. The leaders are also described by general non‐linear dynamics satisfying a locally quasi‐Lipschitz condition and a distributed non‐linear observer is designed to estimate the leaders' states for the followers. The solvability of the regulator equations associated with the non‐linear dynamics of agents is normally essential for solving the containment control problem of heterogeneous MASs, but the closed‐form solution of many non‐linear regulator equations may not be obtained. Towards this end, the power series approach is adopted to decompose the regulator equations into a series of solvable linear equations. Based on the solution of the linear equations as the feedforward information, the distributed robust containment control scheme based on state feedback and output feedback control is proposed. The p ‐copy internal model is employed to compensate the parameter uncertainties of the follower agents. A numerical example is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed control law.
Rough intuitionistic type‐2 fuzzy c‐means clustering algorithm for MR image segmentation
Authors: Chen Xiangjian , Li Di , Wang Xun , Yang Xibei , Li Hongmei
Published: December 2018

In recent years, the clinical application of magnetic resonance (MR) images is more and more extensive and in‐depth. However, image segmentation is a bottleneck to restrict the application of MR imaging in clinic, and the segmentation of brain MR images now is confronted with the presence of uncertainty and noise, and various kinds of algorithms have been proposed to handle this problem. In this study, a hybrid clustering algorithm combined with a new intuitionistic fuzzy factor and local spatial information is proposed, where type‐2 fuzzy logic can handle randomness, the rough set can deal with vagueness, and the intuitionistic fuzzy logic can address the external noises. Finally, the experimental tests have been done to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique.