bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis of Necrotizing Sinonasal Lesions
Authors: Montone Kathleen T.
Published: November 2015

Context

A number of entities may result in necrosis in the sinonasal tract and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. These include infections, necrotizing vasculitis, neoplastic processes, and drug dependency. This review will concentrate on the differential diagnosis of sinonasal necrotizing lesions.

Objective

To review the differential diagnoses of necrotizing destructive lesions of the sinonasal tract.

Data Sources

The current literature was reviewed to provide updated information regarding the differential diagnosis of sinonasal necrotizing lesions, including infectious disease processes; antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitides; neoplastic processes, particularly natural killer/T-cell lymphomas; and drug abuse.

Conclusions

The differential diagnosis of necrotizing sinonasal lesions is broad, with often overlapping diagnostic features that lead to diagnostic challenges. Ancillary tests such as special stains and immunohistochemical studies can offer significant assistance.
Posterolateral Corner Knee Injuries: Review of Anatomy and Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Schweller Eric W. , Ward Peter J.
Published: November 2015

The structures in the posterolateral corner of the knee, which stabilize the joint, are often involved in injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament. Familiar structures include the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, tibial collateral ligament, and menisci. Less familiar are the structures of the posterolateral corner, the most important of which are the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament, which resist varus angulation, external rotation, or posterior translation of the tibia. Injury to the posterolateral corner can be assessed with the posterolateral drawer, dial, reverse pivot shift, external rotation recurvatum, and varus stress tests. The purpose of this review is to highlight the posterolateral corner of the knee and injuries to its structures so that physicians can more accurately diagnose these injuries and provide appropriate treatment. Management focuses on restoring the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and, in certain cases, the popliteus tendon.
Implementation of a Resident-Led Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Clinic in an Allopathic Residency
Authors: Busey CPT Blake , Newsome CPT Jelaun , Raymond CPT Tyler , O’Mara MAJ Heather
Published: November 2015

Context: With the growing number of osteopathic physicians practicing in the United States and the creation of a single graduate medical education system, a continued need exists for focused education in osteopathic principles, philosophy, and treatment modalities in primarily allopathic residency programs.

Objective: To create and integrate a resident-led osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) clinic in an allopathic residency program.

Methods: After an informal needs assessment on the basis of resident survey data, a resident-led OMT clinic was created within a military allopathic family medicine residency program. A standard operating procedure, resident survey, and scheduling system were created by the residents for approval by the departmental and hospital leadership. Resident survey data pertaining to the time available to perform OMT, education, and faculty supervision of OMT were obtained before the clinic implementation and 1 year after implementation.

Results: Nine osteopathic residents were surveyed before the OMT clinic implementation to illustrate a need for continued osteopathic medical education, faculty support, and skill maintenance. Sixteen osteopathic residents were surveyed after the OMT clinic implementation. More residents indicated that the establishment of an osteopathic curriculum was important (3 of 9 in the preclinic survey vs 9 of 16 in the postclinic survey) and that the program promoted the use of OMT (0 of 9 in the preclinic survey vs 13 of 16 in the postclinic survey).

Conclusion: A resident-led OMT clinic can be successfully implemented, maintained, and expanded in an allopathic residency program by implementing an OMT curriculum, offering elective rotations, and encouraging regular use of OMT. The current project can be used as a framework for implementing an OMT clinic.
Inconsistencies among secondary sources of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) introductions to the United States
Authors: Moulton Michael P. , Cropper Wendell P. , Broz Andrew J.
Published: November 2015

The propagule pressure hypothesis asserts that the number of individuals released is the key determinant of whether an introduction will succeed or not. It remains to be shown whether propagule pressure is more important than either species-level or site-level factors in determining the fate of an introduction. Studies claiming to show that propagule pressure is the primary determinant of introduction success must assume that the historical record as reported by secondary sources is complete and accurate. Here, examine a widely introduced game bird, the Chukar (Alectoris chukar), to the USA. We compare the records reported by two secondary sources (Long, 1981; Lever, 1987) to those in a primary source (Christensen, 1970) and to a recent study by Sol et al. (2012). Numerous inconsistencies exist in the records reported by Sol et al. (2012), Long (1981) and Lever (1987) when compared to the primary record of Christensen (1970). As reported by Christensen (1970), very large numbers of Chukars were released unsuccessfully in some states. Our results strongly imply that factors other than sheer numbers are more important. Site-to-site differences are the most likely explanation for the variation in success.
Annually resolved late Holocene paleohydrology of the southern Sierra Nevada and Tulare Lake, California
Authors: Adams Kenneth D. , Negrini Robert M. , Cook Edward R. , Rajagopal Seshadri
Published: November 2015

Here we present 2000 year long, annually resolved records of streamflow for the Kings, Kaweah, Tule, and Kern Rivers in the southwestern Sierra Nevada of California and consequent lake‐level fluctuations at Tulare Lake in the southern San Joaquin Valley. The integrated approach of using moisture‐sensitive tree ring records from the Living Blended Drought Atlas to reconstruct annual discharge and then routing this discharge to an annual Tulare Lake water balance model highlights the differences between these two types of paleoclimate records, even when subject to the same forcing factors. The reconstructed streamflow in the southern Sierra responded to yearly changes in precipitation and expressed a strong periodicity in the 2–8 year range over most of the reconstruction. The storage capacity of Tulare Lake caused it to fluctuate more slowly, masking the 2–8 year streamflow periodicity and instead expressing a strong periodicity in the 32–64 year range over much of the record. Although there have been longer droughts, the 2015 water year represents the driest in the last 2015 years and the 2012–2015 drought represents the driest 4 year period in the record. Under natural conditions, simulated Tulare Lake levels would now be at about 60 m, which is not as low as what occurred multiple times over the last 2000 years. This long‐term perspective of fluctuations in climate and water supply suggests that different drought scenarios that vary in terms of severity and duration can produce similar lake‐level responses in closed lake basins.
Development of a Highly Selective, Sensitive, and Fast Response Upconversion Luminescent Platform for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection
Authors: Peng Juanjuan , Teoh Chai Lean , Zeng Xiao , Samanta Animesh , Wang Lu , Xu Wang , Su Dongdong , Yuan Lin , Liu Xiaogang , Chang Young‐Tae
Published: November 2015

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as one of most important gaseous signaling molecules mediated by a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Yet, its functions remain largely elusive due to the lack of potent monitoring methods. Hereby this issue is addressed with a powerful new platform—dye‐assembled upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). A series of chromophores with different absorption bands and fast responses towards H2S is combined with UCNPs and results in a library of H2S sensors with responsive emission signals ranging from the visible to the near‐infrared (NIR) region. These nanoprobes demonstrate highly selective and rapid responses to H2S in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, H2S levels in blood can be detected using the developed nanoprobes. Hence the reported H2S sensing platform can serve as a powerful diagnostic tool to research H2S functions and to investigate H2S‐related diseases.
Multiplexed Dosing Assays by Digitally Definable Hydrogel Volumes
Authors: Faralli Adele , Melander Fredrik , Larsen Esben Kjær Unmack , Chernyy Sergey , Andresen Thomas L. , Larsen Niels B.
Published: November 2015

Stable and low‐cost multiplexed drug sensitivity assays using small volumes of cells or tissue are in demand for personalized medicine, including patient‐specific combination chemotherapy. Spatially defined projected light photopolymerization of hydrogels with embedded active compounds is introduced as a flexible and cost‐efficient method for producing multiplexed dosing assays. The high spatial resolution of light projector technology defines multiple compound doses by the volume of individual compound‐embedded hydrogel segments. Quantitative dosing of multiple proteins with a dynamic range of 1–2 orders of magnitude is demonstrated using fluorescently labeled albumins. The hydrogel matrix results from photopolymerization of low‐cost poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates (PEGDA), and tuning of the PEGDA composition enables fast complete dosing of all tested species. Dosing of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds is demonstrated using two first‐line chemotherapy regimens combining oxaliplatin, SN‐38, 5‐fluorouracil, and folinic acid, with each compound being dosed from a separate light‐defined hydrogel segment. Cytotoxicity studies using a colorectal cancer cell line show equivalent effects of dissolved and released compounds. Further control of the dosing process is demonstrated by liposomal encapsulation of oxaliplatin, stable embedding of the liposomes in hydrogels for more than 3 months, and heat‐triggered complete release of the loaded oxaliplatin.
Highlighting the Effect of Interfacial Interaction on Tribological Properties of Supramolecular Gel Lubricants
Authors: Huang Guowei , Yu Qiangliang , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin
Published: November 2015

The effect of the frictional interfacial interaction of two types of gel lubricants on lubrication mechanisms is investigated. The structure of the two types of gelators, polyhydric gelator (PG) and thiol functionalized polyhydric gelator (FPG), is identical except for one of them having thiol groups. The tribological properties of these gels as lubricants are evaluated for the contacts of steel/steel, steel/aluminum, steel/copper, and steel/alumina ceramic. It is shown that these gels have better friction reduction and antiwear (AW) performance than blank 500SN. Under medium–high pressure, the gel at the interface is liquefied and a growing number of gelator molecules will adsorb onto the metal surface by polar hydroxyl and thiol headgroups. Hydroxylation treatment of sliding pairs can significantly enhance the interfacial absorption interaction and improve tribological properties. Interestingly, FPG gel lubricant exhibits better lubricating and AW properties compared with PG gel under the same test conditions. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements suggest that FPG containing the thiol and hydroxyl dual polar groups has better adsorption ability on the contact surface than PG only with hydroxyl groups. FPG gel lubricants therefore form more robust protective films.
A Mechanism for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Bubbling Delamination of CVD‐Grown Graphene from Metal Substrates
Authors: Liu Lihui , Liu Xin , Zhan Zhaoyao , Guo Weiling , Xu Chen , Deng Jun , Chakarov Dinko , Hyldgaard Per , Schröder Elsebeth , Yurgens August , Sun Jie
Published: November 2015

In most cases, transfer of chemical‐vapor‐deposited 2D materials from metallic foil catalysts onto a target substrate is the most necessary step for their promising fundamental studies and applications. Recently, a highly efficient and nondestructive electrochemical delamination method has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional etching transfer method, which alleviates the problem of cost and environment pollution because it eliminates the need to etch away the metals. Here, the mechanism of the electrochemical bubbling delamination process is elucidated by studying the effect of the various electrolytes on the delamination rate. A capacitor‐based circuit model is proposed and confirmed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. A factor of 27 decrease in the time required for complete graphene delamination from the platinum cathodes is found when increasing the NaOH ratio in the electrolyte solution. The opposite trend is observed for delamination at the anode. The surface screening effect induced by nonreactive ions in the vicinity of the electrodes plays a key role in the delamination efficiency. The analysis is generic and can be used as a guideline to describe and design the electrochemical delamination of other 2D materials from their metal catalysts as well.
Recent Advances in Improving the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tiep Nguyen Huy , Ku Zhiliang , Fan Hong Jin
Published: November 2015

Organometal trihalide perovskites have recently emerged as promising materials for low‐cost, high‐efficiency solar cells. In less than five years, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSC) has been updated rapidly as a result of new strategies adopted in their fabrication process, including device structure, interfacial engineering, chemical compositional tuning, and crystallization kinetics control. To date, the best PSC efficiency has reached 20.1%, which is close to that of single crystal silicon solar cells. However, the stability of PSC devices is still unsatisfactory and is the main bottleneck impeding their commercialization. Here, we summarize recent studies on the degradation mechanisms of organometal trihalide perovskites in PSC devices, and the strategies for stability improvement.
Layered Na‐Ion Cathodes with Outstanding Performance Resulting from the Synergetic Effect of Mixed P‐ and O‐Type Phases
Authors: Keller Marlou , Buchholz Daniel , Passerini Stefano
Published: November 2015

Herein, the synthesis of new quaternary layered Na‐based oxides of the type NaxMnyNizFe0.1Mg0.1O2 (0.67≤ x ≤ 1.0; 0.5≤ y ≤ 0.7; 0.1≤ z ≤ 0.3) is described. The synthesis can be tuned to obtain P2‐ and O3‐type as well as mixed P‐/O‐type phases as demonstrated by structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties characterization. Although all materials show good electrochemical performance, the simultaneous presence of the P‐ and O‐type phases is found to have a synergetic effect resulting in outstanding performance of the mixed phase material as a sodium‐ion cathode. The mixed P3/P2/O3‐type material, having an average elemental composition of Na0.76Mn0.5Ni0.3Fe0.1Mg0.1O2, overcomes the specific drawbacks associated with the P2‐ and O3‐type materials, allowing the outstanding electrochemical performance. In detail, the mixed phase material is able to deliver specific discharge capacities of up to 155 mAh g−1 (18 mA g−1) in the potential range of 2.0–4.3 V. In the narrower potential range of 2.5–4.3 V the material exhibits high average discharge potential (3.4 V versus Na/Na+), exceptional average coulombic efficiencies (>99.9%), and extraordinary capacity retention (90.2% after 601 cycles). The unexplored class of P‐/O‐type mixed phases introduces new perspectives for the development of layered positive electrode materials and powerful Na‐ion batteries.
Nanodiamond‐Embedded p‐Type Copper(I) Oxide Nanocrystals for Broad‐Spectrum Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lin Zhaoyong , Xiao Jun , Li Lihua , Liu Pu , Wang Chengxin , Yang Guowei
Published: November 2015

Copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) is an attractive photocatalyst because of its abundance, low toxicity, environmental compatibility, and narrow direct band gap, which allows efficient light harvesting. However, Cu2O exhibits poor photocatalytic performance and photostability because of its short electron diffusion length and low hole mobility. Here, it is demonstrated that nanodiamond (ND) can greatly improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the p‐type photocatalyst Cu2O nanocrystals by nanocomposition. Compared with pure Cu2O nanocrystals, this composite shows a tremendous improvement in HER performance and photostability. HER rates of 100.0 mg NDs‐Cu2O nanocrystals are 1597 and 824 under the simulated solar light irradiation (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2) and visible light irradiation (420–760 nm, 77.5 mW cm−2), respectively. The solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of this composite is 0.85%, which is nearly ten times higher than that of pure Cu2O. The quantum efficiency of the composite is high, with values of 0.17% at and 0.23% at . The broad spectral response of ND provides numerous carriers for the subsequent reactions. The electron‐donating ability of ND and suitable band structures of the two components promote electron injection from ND to Cu2O. These results suggest the broad applicability of ND to ameliorate the photoelectric properties of semiconductors.
Treatment outcomes, quality of life, and impact of hemophilia on young adults (aged 18–30 years) with hemophilia
Authors: Witkop Michelle , Guelcher Christine , Forsyth Angela , Hawk Sarah , Curtis Randall , Kelley Laureen , Frick Neil , Rice Michelle , Rosu Gabriela , Cooper David L.
Published: November 2015

The Hemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) initiative assessed psychosocial issues reported by people with moderate to severe hemophilia and was led by a multidisciplinary international advisory board. This analysis reports data from young adult respondents (aged 18–30 years), including both US and overall global (including US respondents) results, and investigates treatment outcomes, quality of life, and impacts of hemophilia on relationships. More young adults in HERO received prophylaxis than on‐demand treatment, although a majority reported not using factor products exactly as prescribed, and 50% of global respondents and 26% of US respondents reported issues with access to factor replacement therapy in the previous 5 years. Many young adults with hemophilia reported comorbidities, including bone/skeletal arthritis, chronic pain, and viral infections, and nearly half of young adults reported anxiety/depression. Most reported pain interference with daily activities in the past 4 weeks, although a majority reported participating in lower‐risk activities and approximately half in intermediate‐risk activities. Most young adults were very or quite satisfied with the support of partners/spouses, family, and friends, although roughly one‐third reported that hemophilia affected their ability to develop close relationships with a partner. A majority of young adults reported that hemophilia has had a negative impact on employment, and 62% of global respondents and 78% of US respondents were employed at least part‐time. Together these data highlight the psychosocial issues experienced by young adults with hemophilia and suggest that increased focus on these issues may improve comprehensive care during the transition to adulthood. Am. J. Hematol. 90:S3–S10, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elevated plasma oxytocin levels in children with Prader–Willi syndrome compared with healthy unrelated siblings
Authors: Johnson Lisa , Manzardo Ann M. , Miller Jennifer L. , Driscoll Daniel J. , Butler Merlin G.
Published: November 2015

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with distinct abnormal behaviors including hyperphagia, profound social deficits, and obsessive‐compulsive tendencies. PWS males showed reduced oxytocin receptor (OTR) gene expression and density in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that may play a role in PWS psychopathology. Oxytocin is an anorexigenic neuropeptide similar to vasopressin that is associated with social cognition and obsessive‐compulsive behavior. To evaluate oxytocin biology in PWS, we examined overnight fasting plasma oxytocin levels in 23 children with PWS (mean ± SD age: 8.2 ± 2.0 year) having genetic confirmation and 18 age matched healthy unrelated siblings without PWS (mean ± SD age: 8.2 ± 2.3 year) and a similar gender ratio under the same clinical assessments, specimen processing and laboratory conditions. Multiplex immune assays were carried out using the Milliplex Human Neuropeptide Magnetic panel and the Luminex system. Natural log‐transformed oxytocin levels were analyzed using general linear model adjusting for diagnosis, gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Oxytocin plasma levels were significantly elevated in children with PWS (168 ± 121 pg/ml) compared with unrelated and unaffected siblings without the diagnosis of PWS (64.8 ± 83.8 pg/ml, F = 8.8, P < 0.01) and the diagnosis of PWS predicted oxytocin level (F = 9.5, P < 0.003) in controlled regression analysis with an overall model fit R2 = 0.33 (P < 0.01). The symptoms of hyperphagia, anxiety and repetitive behaviors classically seen in PWS may be related to the disruption of oxytocin responsivity or feedback in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus possibly influencing vasopressin signaling. Further study is needed to characterize oxytocin function in PWS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disorder‐specific genetic factors in obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Taylor Steven
Published: November 2015

Much remains to be learned about the etiology of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Twin studies suggest that it arises from both disorder‐specific and non‐specific genetic factors. To understand the etiology of OCD per se, it is necessary to identify disorder‐specific factors. Previous research shows that OCD is associated with serotonin‐related polymorphisms (5‐HTTLPR coded as triallelic and HTR2A rs6311/rs6313) and, in males, a polymorphism involved in catecholamine modulation; COMT (rs4680). The present study is the first comprehensive meta‐analysis to investigate whether these polymorphisms are specific to OCD. A meta‐analysis was conducted for genetic association studies of OCD or any other psychiatric disorder, published in any language, in any country. A total of 551 studies were examined, of which 290 were included, consisting of 47,358 cases and 68,942 controls from case control studies, and 2,443 trios from family based studies. The main meta‐analysis was limited to those disorders in which there were at least five datasets (studies or sub‐studies) per disorder. Results confirmed that OCD is associated with polymorphisms of 5‐HTTLPR, HTR2A, and, in males only, COMT. These polymorphisms were not associated with almost all other forms of psychopathology, including unipolar mood disorders, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, and alcohol dependence. OCD, compared to most other disorders, had a significantly stronger association with particular alleles of each of the polymorphisms. Results did not differ across ancestral groups (Asian vs. Caucasian), designs (case control vs. family based), or diagnostic systems. Results suggest that the polymorphisms investigated in this study are relatively specific to OCD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of aging on the adhesive properties of poly(lactic acid) by atmospheric air plasma treatment
Authors: Jordá‐Vilaplana A. , Sánchez‐Nácher L. , García‐Sanoguera D. , Carbonell A. , Ferri J. M.
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to analyze the durability of a plasma treatment on the surface of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). We used atmospheric‐plasma treatment with air to improve the wettability of PLA by evaluating the aging effect under controlled conditions of relative humidity (RH) and temperature (25% RH and 25°C). We studied the durability of the atmospheric‐plasma treatment by measuring the contact angle, calculating the surface energy, and observing changes in the resistance of the PLA–PLA adhesive bonds. These techniques allowed us to evaluate the hydrophobic recovery phenomenon that the PLA surface suffered as a consequence of the aging process. The results provide the maximum storage time of PLA treated with atmospheric plasma at which the sample retained its good adhesion properties; this time was lower than 3 days under normal atmospheric conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43040.
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of 5‐aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Feng Lili , Zhang Ya , Fu Jing , Mao Yufeng , Chen Tao , Zhao Xueming , Wang Zhiwen
Published: November 2015

5‐Aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) has recently attracted attention for its potential applications in the fields of medicine and agriculture. In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum was firstly engineered for 5‐ALA production via the C4 pathway. HemA encoding 5‐aminolevulinic acid synthase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides was codon optimized and expressed in C. glutamicum ATCC13032, resulting in accumulation of 5‐ALA. Deletion of all known genes responsible for the formation of acetate and lactate further enhanced production of 5‐ALA. Overexpression of ppc gene encoding phoenolpyruvate carboxylase resulted in an accumulation of 5‐ALA up to 2.06 ± 0.05 g/L. Furthermore, deletion of high‐molecular‐weight penicillin‐binding proteins (HMW‐PBPs) genes pbp1a, pbp1b, and pbp2b led to an increase in 5‐ALA production of 13.53%, 29.47%, and 22.22%, respectively. Finally, 5‐ALA production was enhanced to 3.14 ± 0.02 g/L in shake flask by heterologously expressing rhtA encoding threonine/homoserine exporter, and 86.77% of supplemented glycine was channeled toward 5‐ALA production in shake flask. The engineered C. glutamicum ALA7 strain produced 7.53 g/L 5‐ALA in a 5 L bioreactor. This study demonstrated the potential utility of C. glutamicum as a platform for metabolic production of 5‐ALA. Change of cell permeability by metabolic engineering HMW‐PBPs may provide a new strategy for biochemicals production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1284–1293. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complications during retrograde approach for chronic coronary total occlusion: Sub‐analysis of Japanese multicenter registry
Authors: Okamura Atsunori , Yamane Masahisa , Muto Makoto , Matsubara Tetsuo , Igarashi Yasumi , Nakamura Shigeru , Muramatsu Toshiya , Fujita Tsutomu , Oida Akitsugu , Tsuchikane Etsuo
Published: November 2015

Objectives

This study was performed to determine the complications occurring during retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) based on analysis of the multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized Retrograde Summit registry.

Background

Retrograde PCI for CTO has improved treatment success rates, but several complications related to the retrograde approach have been reported, including collateral channel injury and donor artery injury due to their use as retrograde roots.

Methods

This registry included data from 1,166 patients who underwent retrograde PCI for CTO in 28 Japanese centers between January 2009 and December 2011.

Results

Overall procedure success and retrograde procedure success were achieved in 985 (84.5%) and 838 (71.9%) of the 1,166 patients, respectively. In‐hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) occurred in 18 (1.5%) of the 1,166 patients. With regard to complications related to the retrograde approach, channel injury occurred in 111 (9.5%) of the 1,166 patients, but treatment was required in only 24 (2.1%) patients and subsequent cardiac tamponade occurred in only 4 (0.3%) patients. Donor artery problems occurred in only 10 (0.9%) of the 1,166 patients. In sub‐analysis regarding the types of collateral channels, the septal channel was significantly safer than epicardial channel because of the lower frequency of non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction (non‐QMI) and channel injury requiring treatment.

Conclusions

The MACCE rate during retrograde PCI for CTO determined from the Retrograde Summit registry was low and the frequency of complications related to the retrograde approach was acceptable. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Bifunctional Nano‐Electrocatalyst Based on a Flower‐Like Gold/Palladium Bimetallic Alloy Nanostructure and Its Graphene Hybrid
Authors: Sahu Subash Chandra , Satpati Biswarup , Besra Laxmidhar , Jena Bikash Kumar
Published: November 2015

The front cover artwork for Issue 24/2015 is provided by the CSIR‐Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology in collaboration with the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics. The image shows the high performance of a flower‐like Au–Pd alloy nanostructure and its graphene hybrids as bifunctional electrocatalysts towards the oxidation of methanol and reduction of oxygen for fuel applications. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500465.
From Dark to Light to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET): Polarity‐Sensitive Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE)‐Active Tetraphenylethene‐Fused BODIPY Dyes with a Very Large Pseudo‐Stokes Shift
Authors: Şen Esra , Meral Kadem , Atılgan Serdar
Published: November 2015

The work presented herein is devoted to the fabrication of large Stokes shift dyes in both organic and aqueous media by combining dark resonance energy transfer (DRET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in one donor–acceptor system. In this respect, a series of donor–acceptor architectures of 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) dyes substituted by one, two, or three tetraphenylethene (TPE) luminogens were designed and synthesised. The photophysical properties of these three chromophore systems were studied to provide insight into the nature of donor–acceptor interactions in both THF and aqueous media. Because the generation of emissive TPE donor(s) is strongly polarity dependent, due to its aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) feature, one might expect the formation of appreciable fluorescence emission intensity with a very large pseudo‐Stokes shift in aqueous media when considering FRET process. Interestingly, similar results were also recorded in THF for the chromophore systems, although the TPE fragment(s) of the dyes are non‐emissive. The explanation for this photophysical behaviour lies in the DRET. This is the first report on combining two energy‐transfer processes, namely, FRET and DRET, in one polarity‐sensitive donor–acceptor pair system. The accuracy of the dark‐emissive donor property of the TPE luminogen is also presented for the first time as a new feature for AIE phenomena.
Structural Effects in Visible‐Light‐Responsive Metal–Organic Frameworks Incorporating ortho‐Fluoroazobenzenes
Authors: Castellanos Sonia , Goulet‐Hanssens Alexis , Zhao Fangli , Dikhtiarenko Alla , Pustovarenko Alexey , Hecht Stefan , Gascon Jorge , Kapteijn Freek , Bléger David
Published: November 2015

The ability to control the interplay of materials with low‐energy photons is important as visible light offers several appealing features compared to ultraviolet radiation (less damaging, more selective, predominant in the solar spectrum, possibility to increase the penetration depth). Two different metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized from the same linker bearing all‐visible ortho‐fluoroazobenzene photoswitches as pendant groups. The MOFs exhibit different architectures that strongly influence the ability of the azobenzenes to isomerize inside the voids. The framework built with Al‐based nodes has congested 1D channels that preclude efficient isomerization. As a result, local light–heat conversion can be used to alter the CO2 adsorption capacity of the material on exposure to green light. The second framework, built with Zr nodes, provides enough room for the photoswitches to isomerize, which leads to a unique bistable photochromic MOF that readily responds to blue and green light. The superiority of green over UV irradiation was additionally demonstrated by reflectance spectroscopy and analysis of digested samples. This material offers promising perspectives for liquid‐phase applications such as light‐controlled catalysis and adsorptive separation.
Exquisite 1D Assemblies Arising from Rationally Designed Asymmetric Donor–Acceptor Architectures Exhibiting Aggregation‐Induced Emission as a Function of Auxiliary Acceptor Strength
Authors: Singh Roop Shikha , Mukhopadhyay Sujay , Biswas Arnab , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: November 2015

One‐dimensional nanostructures with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties have been fabricated to keep the pace with growing demand from optoelectronics applications. The compounds 2‐[4‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)benzylidene]malononitrile (PM1), 2‐{4‐[4‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl]‐benzylidene}malononitrile (PM2), and 2‐{4‐[4‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl]benzylidene}malononitrile (PM3) have been designed and synthesized by melding piperazine and dicyanovinylene to investigate AIE in an asymmetric donor–acceptor (D–A) construct of A′–D–π–A‐ topology. The synthetic route has been simplified by using phenylpiperazine as a weak donor (D), dicyanovinylene as an acceptor (A), and pyridyl/pyrimidyl groups (PM2/PM3) as auxiliary acceptors (A′). It has been established that A′ plays a vital role in triggering AIE in these compounds because the same D–A construct led to aggregation‐caused quenching upon replacing A′ with an electron‐donating ethyl group (PM1). Moreover, the effect of restricted intramolecular rotation and twisted intramolecular charge transfer on the mechanism of AIE has also been investigated. Furthermore, it has been clearly shown that the optical disparities of these A′–D–π–A architectures are a direct consequence of comparative A′ strength. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses provided justification for role of intermolecular interactions in aggregate morphology. Electrochemical and theoretical studies affirmed the effect of the A′ strength on the overall properties of the A′–D–π–A system.
Symmetry‐Driven Strategy for the Assembly of the Core Tetracycle of (+)‐Ryanodine: Synthetic Utility of a Cobalt‐Catalyzed Olefin Oxidation and α‐Alkoxy Bridgehead Radical Reaction
Authors: Nagatomo Masanori , Hagiwara Koji , Masuda Kengo , Koshimizu Masaki , Kawamata Takahiro , Matsui Yuki , Urabe Daisuke , Inoue Masayuki
Published: November 2015

Ryanodine (1) is a potent modulator of intracellular calcium release channels, designated as ryanodine receptors. The exceptionally complex molecular architecture of 1 comprises a highly oxygenated pentacyclic system with eleven contiguous stereogenic centers, which makes it a formidable target for organic synthesis. We identified the embedded C2‐symmetric tricyclic substructure within 1. This specific recognition permitted us to design a concise synthetic route to enantiopure tricycle 9 by utilizing a series of pairwise functionalizations. The four tetrasubstituted carbon centers of 9 were effectively constructed by three key reactions, a dearomatizing Diels–Alder reaction, the kinetic resolution of the obtained racemic 14 through asymmetric methanolysis, and the transannular aldol reaction of the eight‐membered diketone 10. A new combination of cobalt‐catalyzed hydroperoxidation and NfF‐promoted elimination enabled conversion of the hindered olefin of 9 into the corresponding ketone, thus realizing the desymmetrization. Finally, the tetrasubstituted carbon was stereospecifically installed by utilizing the α‐alkoxy bridgehead radical to deliver the core tetracycle 7 with the six contiguous tetrasubstituted carbon centers. Consequently, the present work not only accomplishes efficient assembly of four out of the five fused rings of 1, but also develops two new powerful methodologies: two‐step ketone formation and bridgehead radical reaction.
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Agents: Quantum Chemistry and MRI
Authors: Li Jikun , Feng Xinxin , Zhu Wei , Oskolkov Nikita , Zhou Tianhui , Kim Boo Kyung , Baig Noman , McMahon Michael T. , Oldfield Eric
Published: November 2015

Diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agents offer an alternative to Gd3+‐based contrast agents for MRI. They are characterized by containing protons that can rapidly exchange with water and it is advantageous to have these protons resonate in a spectral window that is far removed from water. Herein, we report the first results of DFT calculations of the 1H nuclear magnetic shieldings in 41 CEST agents, finding that the experimental shifts can be well predicted (R2=0.882). We tested a subset of compounds with the best MRI properties for toxicity and for activity as uncouplers, then obtained mice kidney CEST MRI images for three of the most promising leads finding 16 (2,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) to be one of the most promising CEST MRI contrast agents to date. Overall, the results are of interest since they show that 1H NMR shifts for CEST agents—charged species—can be well predicted, and that several leads have low toxicity and yield good in vivo MR images.
Synergistic Ternary Composite (Carbon/Fe3O4@Graphene) with Hollow Microspherical and Robust Structure for Li‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Xingxing , Zheng Xueying , Shao Jie , Gao Tian , Shi Qiang , Qu Qunting
Published: November 2015

The electrode materials with hollow structure and/or graphene coating are expected to exhibit outstanding electrochemical performances in energy‐storage systems. 2D graphene‐wrapped hollow C/Fe3O4 microspheres are rationally designed and fabricated by a novel facile and scalable strategy. The core@double‐shell structure SPS@FeOOH@GO (SPS: sulfonated polystyrene, GO: graphene oxide) microspheres are first prepared through a simple one‐pot approach and then transformed into C/Fe3O4@G (G: graphene) after calcination at 500 °C in Ar. During calcination, the Kirkendall effect resulting from the diffusion/reaction of SPS‐derived carbon and FeOOH leads to the formation of hollow structure carbon with Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in it. In the rationally constructed architecture of C/Fe3O4@G, the strongly coupled C/Fe3O4 hollow microspheres are further anchored onto 2D graphene networks, achieving a strong synergetic effect between carbon, Fe3O4, and graphene. As an anode material of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), C/Fe3O4@G manifests a high reversible capacity, excellent rate behavior, and outstanding long‐term cycling performance (1208 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1).
Non‐Pincer‐Type Mononuclear Scandium Alkylidene Complexes: Synthesis, Bonding, and Reactivity
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhou Jiliang , Zhao Xuefei , Maron Laurent , Leng Xuebing , Chen Yaofeng
Published: November 2015

The first non‐pincer‐type mononuclear scandium alkylidene complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized. These complexes exhibited short Sc−C bond lengths and even one of the shortest reported to date (2.1134(18) Å). The multiple character of the Sc−C bond was highlighted by a DFT calculation. This was confirmed by experimental reactivity study where the complex underwent [2+1] cycloaddition with elemental selenium and [2+2] cycloaddition with imine. DFT calculation also revealed a strong nucleophilic behavior of the alkylidene complex that was experimentally demonstrated by the C−H bond activation of phenylacetylene.
Assessment of Short‐term Blood Pressure Variability in Patients With Ascending Aortic Dilatation
Authors: Karataş Mehmet Baran , İpek Göktürk , Çanga Yiğit , Güngör Barış , Özcan Kazim Serhan , Arugaslan Emre , Günaydin Zeki Yüksel , Durmuş Gündüz , Onuk Tolga , Kalenderoğlu Koray , Akdeniz Evliya , Bolca Osman
Published: November 2015

Background

Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a novel parameter related to adverse cardiovascular findings and events, especially in hypertensive patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between short‐term BPV and ascending aortic dilatation (AAD).

Hypothesis

Hypertensive patients with AAD may exhibit higher short‐term BPV compared to hypertensive patients with normal diameter ascending aorta and BPV may be correlated with aortic sizes.

Methods

Seventy‐six hypertensive patients with AAD and 181 hypertensive patients with a normal‐diameter ascending aorta were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Clinical data, echocardiographic characteristics, and 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring characteristics were compared between the 2 groups. Standard deviation (SD) and Δ of BP were used as parameters of BPV.

Results

Although 24‐hour mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were similar between the 2 groups, the SD of SBP and SD of DBP values were significantly higher in AAD patients (17.2 ± 6.8 vs 13.8 ± 3.5, P < 0.01; and 12.1 ± 5.1 vs 10.7 ± 3.1, P = 0.02, respectively). Daytime SD of SBP values were higher in AAD patients, whereas nighttime SD of SBP values did not differ between groups. In multivariate linear regression analysis, 24‐hour SD of SBP, 24‐hour Δ SBP, daytime SD of SBP, daytime Δ SBP, and left ventricular mass index were independently correlated with aortic size index.

Conclusions

Our study revealed higher levels of short‐term BPV in hypertensive patients with AAD. This conclusion warrants further study.
Ciliary metachronal wave propagation on the compliant surface of Paramecium cells
Authors: Narematsu Naoki , Quek Raymond , Chiam Keng‐Hwee , Iwadate Yoshiaki
Published: November 2015

Ciliary movements in protozoa exhibit metachronal wave‐like coordination, in which a constant phase difference is maintained between adjacent cilia. It is at present generally thought that metachronal waves require hydrodynamic coupling between adjacent cilia and the extracellular fluid. To test this hypothesis, we aspirated a Paramecium cell using a micropipette which completely sealed the surface of the cell such that no fluid could pass through the micropipette. Thus, the anterior and the posterior regions of the cell were hydrodynamically decoupled. Nevertheless, we still observed that metachronal waves continued to propagate from the anterior to the posterior ends of the cell, suggesting that in addition to hydrodynamic coupling, there are other mechanisms that can also transmit the metachronal waves. Such transmission was also observed in computational modeling where the fluid was fully decoupled between two partitions of a beating ciliary array. We also imposed cyclic stretching on the surface of live Paramecium cells and found that metachronal waves persisted in the presence of cyclic stretching. This demonstrated that, in addition to hydrodynamic coupling, a compliant substrate can also play a critical role in mediating the propagation of metachronal waves. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Lysosomal Protein Saposin B Binds Chloroquine
Authors: Huta Brian P. , Mehlenbacher Matthew R. , Nie Yan , Lai Xuelei , Zubieta Chloe , Bou‐Abdallah Fadi , Doyle Robert P.
Published: November 2015

Chloroquine (CQ) has been widely used in the treatment of malaria since the 1950s, though toxicity and resistance is increasingly limiting its use in the clinic. More recently, CQ is also becoming recognized as an important therapeutic compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and has shown activity as an anticancer agent. However, the full extent of CQ pharmacology in humans is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that the lysosomal protein saposin B (sapB), critical for select lipid degradation, binds CQ with implications for both CQ function and toxicity. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and fluorescence quenching experiments, CQ was shown to bind to the dimeric form of sapB at both pH 5.5 and pH 7.4 with an average binding affinity of 2.3×104 m−1. X‐ray crystallography confirmed this, and the first complete crystal structure of sapB with a bound small molecule (CQ) is reported. The results suggest that sapB might play a role in mitigating CQ‐based toxicity and that sapB might itself be overwhelmed by CQ causing impaired lipid degradation.
Resveratrol inhibits ovarian tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model
Authors: Tan Lijun , Wang Weimin , He Gong , Kuick Rork D. , Gossner Gabrielle , Kueck Angela S. , Wahl Heather , Opipari Anthony W. , Liu J. Rebecca
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Resveratrol inhibits the growth of ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro through the inhibition of glucose metabolism and the induction of both autophagy and apoptosis. In the current study, we investigated the metabolic and therapeutic effects of resveratrol in vivo.

METHODS

A fluorescent xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer was used. Mice were treated with cisplatin, resveratrol, or vehicle alone. Tumor burden was assessed using whole‐body imaging. The effect of resveratrol on glucose uptake in vivo was determined using micro‐positron emission tomography scanning. To determine whether resveratrol could inhibit tumor regrowth, tumor‐bearing mice were treated with cisplatin followed by either daily resveratrol or vehicle. Autophagic response in resected tumors taken from mice treated with resveratrol was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in ovarian tumor cells after treatment with resveratrol was assessed.

RESULTS

Mice treated with resveratrol and cisplatin were found to have a significantly reduced tumor burden compared with control animals (P<.001). Resveratrol‐treated mice demonstrated a marked decrease in tumor uptake of glucose compared with controls. After treatment with cisplatin, “maintenance” resveratrol resulted in the suppression of tumor regrowth compared with mice receiving vehicle alone (P<.01). Tumors resected from mice treated with resveratrol exhibited autophagosomes consistent with the induction of autophagy. Treatment with resveratrol inhibited glycolytic response in ovarian tumor cells with high baseline glycolytic rates.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment with resveratrol inhibits glucose uptake and has a significant antineoplastic effect in a preclinical mouse model of ovarian cancer. Resveratrol treatment suppresses tumor regrowth after therapy with cisplatin, suggesting that this agent has the potential to prolong disease‐free survival. Cancer 2016;122:722–729. © 2015 American Cancer Society.