bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Diseased Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: ÜRKÜ Çiğdem
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the reason
of mortality in guppy (Poecilia
reticulata) kept in an aquarium fish-rearing farm in Istanbul province
and confirm damage caused in tissues and antibiotic susceptibility of
isolated pathogen bacteria. Externally diseased guppies (n=15) showed
sloughing scales, ulcerative skin lesions on the body surface and abdominal
distension; internally pale liver and accumulation
of a liquid in the abdominal cavity were observed. Bacteriological
inoculation from internal organs such as liver, spleen and kidney of guppies
(n=15) were made onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Brain Heart Infusion Agar
(BHIA). After incubation, all isolated bacteria were identified as Aeromonas
hydrophila according to their psychological, morphological, biochemical
characteristic, and API 20E profile. 
Also, these isolates (n=15) were determined to be sensitive to
chloramphenicol and florfenicol. Histopathologically, multifocal liquefactive
necrosis in the spleen, liver, kidney and heart, degeneration of tubular
epithelium and necrosis in the kidney, desquamation of mucosa epithelium and necrotic gastric glands in the
stomach, discharge of the white pulp in the spleen, desquamation of the
lamina propria and mucosa epithelium in the intestine, and sloughed
off the necrotic gill epithelium cells were observed.
Cadmium(II) Chloride Complex Containing 1-Vinylimidazole Ligand: Structural, Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties
Authors: YOLCU Zuhal
Published: March 2020

In this work
dichlorotetrakis(1-vinylimidazole)cadmium(II), [CdCl2(vim)4] complex was synthesized
using 1-vinylimidazole (vim) ligand and CdCl2. The structure of the
complex was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG, DTG,
DTA) and X-ray single crystal studies. In the FT-IR spectrum of the complex,
the characteristic peaks (C−H stretch, C=C and C=N vibration bands) of vim were
observed. X-ray crystallographic data of the titled complex revealed that vim
ligand coordinated to the metal atom via the heterocyclic ring nitrogen atom. The
coordination geometry of the Cd(II) central atom is elongated octahedral. Compound
crystallized in P21/n space group, and the mononuclear units were weakly linked
to each other by C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.
It was determined by thermal analysis data that the complex degraded in four
steps and total mass loss was 99%.
Çay Çalısı Budama Atıkları Kullanılarak Eosin Y Boyarmaddesinin Sulu Çözeltiden Biyosorpsiyonu için İzoterm Verilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA Mehmet
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, atık çay çalısından
elde edilen düşük maliyetli, bol miktarda bulunan, verimli ve çevre dostu bir
biyo-atık, adsorban olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çevreyi kirleten maddelerin
giderimleri için bu çalışmada kullanılan doğal ürün, mevcut pahalı yöntem ve
hammaddelerine alternatif olarak sunulmuştur. Eosin Y (EY) sulu çözeltiden
adsorpsiyonunda, etkileşim süresi, pH, adsorban miktarı vb. gibi çeşitli
parametrelerin etkileri incelenmiş ve optimum deney koşulları ortaya konmuştur.
Deneysel sonuçlar ışığında, Langmuir izoterm modelinde, 25°C'da maksimum
adsorpsiyon kapasitesi 3,56 mg/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veriler ışığında
Freundlich modelinin deneysel verilerle daha iyi bir uyum sağladığı tespit
edilmiştir. Mevcut araştırmalar ve bildirilen diğer adsorbanlarla
karşılaştırıldığında, çay çalısının, sulu çözeltiden EY'nin giderilmesi için
düşük maliyetli doğal ürün olması sebebiyle, bir seçenek olarak
uygulanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Direct Blue 2 Tekstil Boyar Maddesinin Agaricus campestris Biyokütlesi Tarafından Biyosorpsiyonu: Kinetik, İzotermal ve Termodinamik Çalışmalar
Authors: GÖÇENOĞLU SARIKAYA Aslı , ERDEN Emre
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, Direct Blue 2 (DB2) tekstil boyar maddesinin Agaricus
campestris’ten elde edilen biyosorbent ile sulu çözeltilerden giderimi
çalışılmıştır. Biyosorpsiyona pH, sıcaklık, başlangıç DB2 derişimi ve
biyosorbent miktarı gibi parametrelerin etkisi incelenmiştir. Optimum pH’ın 6.0
olarak tespit edildiği koşullarda 100 mg L-1 başlangıç DB2 derişimi
ve 0.01 g biyosorbentin kullanıldığı koşullarda maksimum biyosorpsiyon
kapasitesi 38.56 mg g-1, 0.2 g biyosorbentin kullanıldığı koşullarda
ise % tutunma miktarının % 93.39 olarakbulunmuştur. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre biyosorpsiyonun Freundlich izoterm modeline ve yalancı-ikinci
derece kinetik modele uygun olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Son olarak, biyosorpsiyon
mekanizması için termodinamik parametreler (standart serbest enerji, standart
entalpi ve standart entropi) belirlenmiştir
Gıda Sektöründe İstatistiksel Proses Kontrolü: Endüstriyel Ekmek Üretim Tesisi Uygulaması
Authors: AKYURT İbrahim Zeki
Published: March 2020

Günümüz
zorlu rekabet ortamında işletmeler, varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için kalite ve
kontrol faaliyetlerine önem vermektedirler. Kalite kontrol tekniklerinden biri
olan istatistiksel süreç kontrolü, üretim ve hizmet süreçlerinin ölçülebilir
veriler yardımıyla istenilen düzeye çekilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel ekmek üretimi yapan bir işletmenin üç fabrikasındaki
10 hatta üretilebilen 300 gram ambalajsız normal ekmek ürünü için istatistiksel
süreç kontrol şemaları kullanılarak üretim hatları incelenmiştir. Her hatta
pişirme sürecinden sonra örneklem alınmış ve pişmiş ürün gramajı ölçülmüştür.
Hatların kendi içerisinde kontrol altında olup olmadığı kalite kontrol şemaları
yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Ayrıca fabrikalar ve hatlar arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığı için varyans analizi (ANOVA)
uygulanmıştır. Kontrol dışındaki süreçlerde hataların nedeni araştırılarak
hangi tedbirler alınması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir.
“Park Et – Devam Et” Otoparklarında Kullanıcı Alışkanlıkları
Authors: DEMİR Abdullah
Published: March 2020

İstanbul gibi yola olan talebin kapasiteyi
aştığı, yolculuklarda önemli gecikmelerin yaşandığı, park yeri arzının ve
bulmanın büyük sorun olduğu şehirlerde toplu taşıma öncelikli çözümler
kaçınılmaz olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda özel araçtan toplu taşımaya
geçişi özendirici çeşitli ulaşım - otopark politika ve paradigmalarına ihtiyaç
vardır. Genellikle dünyada raylı sistem temelli işletilen “park et - devam
et” (P+R) otoparkları İstanbul için metrobüs hattında da yoğun olarak
kullanılan bir çözümdür. Araştırmanın temel amacı, sürücülerin ve yolcuların,
araçlarını uygun bir P+R otoparkına park etmesi ve özellikle şehir merkezlerine
ulaşım imkanları kolay ve cazip olan konforlu bir toplu taşıma seçeneğiyle
ulaşmasıdır. Bu otoparklar; kullanıcı maliyetlerinde, enerji tüketiminde ve
seyahat sürelerinde azalma sağlarken; daha yüksek seyahat konforu ve daha
ekolojik çevre olanaklarına da imkan sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada İstanbul
genelinde iki yakada işletilen toplam 40 P+R otoparkındaki veriler 22 aylık
süre ve 16 değişkenle çok değişkenli regresyon analiziyle incelenmiş; devinim,
ortalama park süresi ve otopark geliri eşitlikleri türetilmiştir. Devinim, park süresi ve otopark geliri eşitliklerden iki
yakada işletilen P+R’lerin temelde çalışan personel verimliliği ve farklı
kullanıcı alışkanlıkları olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Çözelti Konsantrasyonu ve Kalınlığın SILAR Tekniği ile Büyütülen CuO İnce Filmi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇAYIR TAŞDEMİRCİ Tuba
Published: March 2020

SILAR
tekniği ile ince film büyütmek diğer kimyasal tekniklerle mukayese edildiğinde;
daha çekici, daha ucuz, daha basit ve az zaman harcanmasından dolayı daha çok
tercih edilmektedir. Bu tekniğin en önemli avantajı, büyüme boyunca zaman,
kalınlık, daldırma sayısı, çözelti konsantrasyonu, sıcaklık ve çözelti pH’sı
gibi bazı parametrelerin kolay kontrol edilebilir olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada
çözelti konsantrasyonu ele alınarak CuO ince filmleri farklı çözelti
konsantrasyonlarında ve farklı daldırma sayılarında SILAR tekniği kullanılarak
cam yüzey üzerine büyütülmüştür. Elde edilen CuO ince filmlerin yapısal ve
optiksel özelliklerinde çözelti konsantrasyonu ve daldırma sayısına göre
meydana gelen değişiklikler incelenmiştir. Yapısal analizler için X-Işını
difraksiyon (XRD), Atomik kuvvet mikroskobu (AFM), Taramalı Elektron mikroskobu
(SEM) ve Enerji dağılımlı X-Işını spektrometresi (EDAX), optiksel analizler
için UV-Vis spektrometresi kullanılmıştır. XRD verileri filmlerin nano boyutta
kristalize olduklarını ve kristallenme kalitesinin çözelti konsantrasyonuna
bağlı olarak değiştiğini açığa çıkarmıştır.
Structural, Spectroscopic (FT-IR, Raman, NMR and UV-Vis.) and Theoretical Investigations of Cyclopentolate
Authors: ÖZDEMİR ÖGE Tuba , GÖKÇE Halil
Published: March 2020

In this study, the structural and
spectroscopic characterizations (FT-IR, Laser-Raman, 1H
and 13C NMR and UV-vis spectra) of cyclopentolate were performed
using experimental and theoretical methods. Four conformational structures and
optimized molecular geometries of the molecule were examined. The vibrational
wavenumbers, proton and carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts, UV-Vis. parameters were
theoretically obtained for the most stable form of the molecule and the
HOMO-LUMO analyses were performed with DFT/B3LYP method at aug-cc-pVDZ basis
set. The weak intra-molecular hydrogen bond interaction in O45-H46…N23 group
was determined. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were
experimentally and theoretically investigated. The assignments of theoretical
vibrational modes were obtained using VEDA 4 software in terms of potential
energy distribution (PED). The theoretically and experimentally obtained data
were found to be consistent with each other.
Fredholm İntegro Diferansiyel Denklemin Sayısal Çözümü için Alternatif Bir Yöntem
Authors: CİMEN Erkan , ENTERİLİ Kübra
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, birinci mertebeden
lineer Fredholm integro diferansiyel denklem için başlangıç değer problemini
ele alıyoruz. Bu problemin nümerik çözümü için düzgün şebekede bir yeni fark
şeması inşa ediyoruz. Bu şema, kalan terimi integral biçiminde olan
interpolasyon quadratür formülleri ve üstel baz fonksiyonunu içeren integral
özdeşliklerinden meydana gelmektedir. Metodun ayrık maksimum normda birinci
mertebeden yakınsaklığı ispatladık. Ayrıca, hem sunulan metot hem de Euler
metodu kullanılarak bir örnek çözüldü ve hesaplanan sonuçlar kaşılaştırıldı.
Çok Boyutlu Veri Görselleştirme Yöntemlerinden Chernoff Yüzleri Yöntemi Kullanılarak Üniversitelerin İstatistik Bölümlerinin Kpss Başarı Puanlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YAVUZ Selahattin
Published: March 2020

Verilerin görselleştirme yöntemi
olan grafik ve tablolar kullanılarak verilerin okuyucuya sunulması oldukça
önemlidir. Okuyucu, metin içerisine gizlenmiş olan gizli ilişkileri grafik ve
tablolar yardımıyla daha kolay anlayabilmektedir. Tek boyutlu ve çok boyutlu
veri görselleştirme yöntemi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada çok boyutlu veri
görselleştirme yöntemlerinden Chernoff yüzleri yöntemi kullanılarak 20 devlet
ve 2 özel olmak üzere 22 üniversitenin istatistik bölümlerinin KPSS başarı
puanları bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Chernoff yüzleri grafiğini çizmek için
SYSTAT programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda söz konusu alanda hangi
üniversite veya üniversitelerin daha başarılı olduğu ve hangi üniversite veya
üniversitelerin daha başarısız bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.

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Polipropilen Lif Katkılı Kerpiç Tuğlaların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BERKGİL Mehmet , AYAZ Yaşar
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada lif katkılı kerpiç tuğla üretimi
gerçekleştirmek için kullanılan killi toprak ile boyları 6 mm, 12 mm ve 19 mm
olan polipropilen lif kullanılmıştır. Killi toprağa ağırlıkça % 0 (katkısız), %
0,5 , % 1 ve % 1,5 oranlarında polipropilen lif katılmıştır. Katkısız
karışımdan 1, polipropilen katkılı karışımlardan 9 farklı karışım toplam 10
adet farklı karışım oluşturularak kerpiç tuğla üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Her bir karışım için 3 adet kerpiç tuğla numunesi üretilmiştir. Üretilen bu
örneklerin hacim kayıpları, birim hacim ağırlıkları, basınç dayanımları ve
eğilme hasar yükleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda polipropilen lif
katkılı numunelerin katkı oranı ve lif boyu arttıkça hacim kaybının katkısız
numunelere göre %8,57 ile %37,25 aralığında azaldığı, birim hacim ağırlığının ise
%1,54 ile %7,25 aralığında azaldığı görülmüştür. Basınç dayanımlarının katkısız
numunelere göre lif oranı ve boyu arttıkça %11,67 ile %44,93 aralığında arttığı
görülmüştür. Eğilme hasar yüklerinin ise katkısız numunelere göre %43,19 ile %250,05
aralığında arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
Quasilineer Uzaylarda Biquasilineer Fonksiyoneller ve Bazı Sonuçları
Authors: BOZKURT Hacer , YILMAZ Yılmaz
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada quasilineer fonksiyonel analizde yeni bir kavram olan
biquasilineer fonksiyonel kavramını tanımladık. Bilineer fonksiyonel kavramında
olduğu gibi biquasilineer fonksiyonel ve kuadratik form kavramlarında da bir iç
çarpım quasilineer uzayına ihtiyaç duyulmadığını gördük.  Bu fonksiyonelleri herhangi bir quasilineer
uzayında tanımlayabildik. Çalışmamızda bu yeni kavramı verdikten sonra Hilbert
quasilineer uzaylarda biquasilineer fonksiyoneller teorisi üzerine dikkate
değer bazı örnekler verdik. Ve yine bu teori üzerine bazı teoremler ve
ispatlarını çalışmamızda sunduk.
Research on intervention methods of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery
Authors: Kim Sung-Won
Published: March 2020

The proportion of critically ill patients from neurosurgery wards in hospitals is significantly higher than that from other departments. These patients suffer from low immune. At the same time, because of the severe trauma after surgery and the complexity of pathogens in patients, antibiotics are frequently used. However, the of bacterial drug resistance is relatively high because of the particularity of hospitals, which is a major reason for the high infection rate of neurosurgery patients. Therefore, regarding to these risk factors, intervention measures should be actively explored in hospitals, so as to control the infection rate, reduce the possibility of infection in neurosurgery patients, improve the rehabilitation efficiency of patients, and reduce unnecessary suffering of patients caused by infection. This is also an effective means to improve the quality of hospital medical care. 
Dose-dependent production of linoleic acid analogues in food derived Lactobacillus plantarum K25 and in silico characterization of relevant reactions
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Sarwar Abid , Fahim Muhammad , Ud Din Jalal , Al Dalali Sam , Ud Din Zia , Jian Zhang , Pacheco Fill Taicia , Zhennai Yang
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to assess and scrutinize the competency of probiotic L. plantarum K25 to produce linoleic acid analogues in the medium supplemented with different concentrations of linoleic acid, ranging from 1% to 10%, in a dose dependent manner. The analogues produced were identified and quantitated by GC-MS and in silico studies were done to confirm enzymatic reactions involved in its conversion. The results showed that L. plantarum K25 could convert linoleic acid at different concentrations to 9 different fatty acid analogues at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 17.24 mg/L. Among these metabolites, formation of an essential fatty acid, the linolenic acid, in media supplemented with 9% linoleic acid, is being reported for the first time. Putative candidate enzymes involved in biotransformation of linoleic acid into linoleic acid analogues were identified in the whole genome of L. plantarum K25, which was sequenced previously. In silico studies confirmed that many enzymes, including linoleate isomerase and dehydrogenase, may be involved in biotransformation of linoleic acid into linoleic acid analogues. Both enzymes could effectively bind the linoleic acid molecule, mainly by forming hydrogen bonding between the acidic groups of linoleic acid and the proline residues at the active sites of the enzymes, validating putative reaction partners.
Cuando el juego y la vida feliz quedaron bajo resguardo: disquisiciones sobre la felicidad protegida socialmente
Authors: Jiménez Luis Fernando
Published: March 2020

Este artículo explora y trasiega por las ciencias de la sociología, el derecho y de la psicología, en particular en las interpretaciones freudianas, posfreudianas y contrafreudianas de “el juego” como la más primitiva y elemental expresión de cultura de la vida buena. Constata a través de este repaso histórico que la lúdica, con su constante invención de representaciones colectivas sociales, se va, a cada paso, cargando de un profundo e intenso sentido y que se inicia, en serio, un florecer de instituciones lúdicas expresivas de felicidad: el turismo, la recreación, el deporte, el ocio pasivo y contemplativo de sí mismo, del otro y de lo-otro. Todo está listo para que las sociedades modernas valoren la búsqueda de la vida feliz como fin apetecible del vivir personal y comunitario que exige de un servicio cuya protección debe ser encomendada a la ley, para que la caracterice como amparo “suplementario” (Ley 100 de 1993), al igual que todos los territorios de la humanidad, iniciando por la escuela del niño y del joven (Ley 115 de 1994) y llegando hasta el territorio adulto. Pero ahora, en la posmodernidad de una seguridad social integral que incursiona hasta el fondo de la ludicidad con profunda hermenéutica constitucional y que manejan con temple los cinceles dialécticos de las nuevas organizaciones sociales, la mina de la felicidad pone a la luz su esencia como bien superior, luciendo ante el Estado-nación los méritos para que le sea reconocida su naturaleza y carácter de derecho propio del territorio niño, del territorio joven y del territorio adulto, nacido en la escuela, no entendida solo como institución formativa, sino como contexto natural y cultural del que se hace parte, en la calidad innata de comunidad humana, anidada y abrigada por dicho contexto.
Responsabilidad del patrono infractor: teorías sobre seguridad y salud en el trabajo en Venezuela
Authors: Andara Bernavé
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza la responsabilidad del patrono infractor bajo los criterios establecidos en las teorías objetiva y subjetiva en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en Venezuela, sus fundamentos y jurisprudencia. La investigación es aplicada, documental y descriptiva. Se concluye que la responsabilidad del patrono, en el área de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, debe desmarcarse de criterios simplistas y conjugarse en verdaderos escenarios previsionales que garanticen el carácter supraindividual que representa la vida y salud del trabajador. En este sentido, el patrono sería un eslabón en la cadena de responsabilidades y el Estado tendría que asumir su rol, proyectando interés en el área y trascendiendo el cumplimiento de su responsabilidad por estricto mandato constitucional.
Difficult Heritage of the 20th Century from the Perspective of the Biography of Things
Authors: Kobiałka Dawid
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses the concept of difficult/dark heritage from a theoretical perspective known as the biography of things. First, I analyse Polish archaeological research on difficult/dark heritage. Second, I describe in greater detail the biography of things as a tool for studying relationships between people, things and places. The last part of the paper is a case study presenting the biographies of three objects found in the grounds of a prisoner-of-war camp in Czersk. I aim to prove the following theses: 1) archaeologies of the recent past cannot be understood simply as the archaeology of martyrdom; 2) material culture from the recent past allows us to create different kinds of narratives connected with dark heritage.
Archaeology of Us and the Local Identity. An Interdisciplinary Context
Authors: Ławrynowicz Olgierd
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the Author presents the semantic and methodological scope and characteristics of a new field the archaeology of the contemporary past. In his opinion the essence of the archaeology of the contemporary past is best conveyed by the term archaeology of us, which refers to the relationships between individuals or communities and their own material heritage. Due to the community and local dimension of archaeology of the contemporary past, an important source in this field is oral tradition, which is obtained and analysed during ethnographic interviews. The author refers to his own experience, gained during many years of research in the Polish Jurassic Highland, and indicates the importance and research effectiveness of incorporating the methodology of ethnographic research into the perspective of archaeology of the contemporary past.
Three Lives of a Cemetery: the History of a Military Cemetery in the Village of Marcinowa Wola in Masuria
Authors: Bernat Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Marcinowa Wola is a typical locality in Masuria (northern Poland), where a nearly total exchange of citizens took place after WW2. Polish and Ukrainian people coming here after the war had to deal with the sense of strangeness connected with the German presence in the near past. One of the ways of overcoming that impression was appropriation of their surroundings – an act of adapting the cultural landscape to their needs. A very vivid example of this process is the cemetery from the Great War located in Marcinowa Wola. The perception of this place among the local inhabitants changed dramatically over the years. Although it is located in the centre of the village, the cemetery was out of the social life during the first years after the war. As it was not treated as a sacred place any more, it was eroding and overgrowing for years. Everything changed in the 1970s, when the next generation became adolescent. Young people started to use the cemetery as their meeting place and in this way they adapted it to a new, completely different role. However, when the youth grew up, the place was once again forgotten for some time, and only recently did the inhabitants see its value as a cemetery, however, not in sacred but historical terms. It can be assumed that it was assimilated as an element of their own heritage, which means that the process of appropriation has been completed.
Dissonant Heritage as a By-Product of the Postwar Agrarian Reform in Poland. From Postmemory to Ethnoarchaeology
Authors: Latocha Sebastian
Published: March 2020

The subject of the paper is dissonant heritage exemplified by former German villages in Central Poland. The agrarian reform (1944) transformed the local social and cultural landscape by removing its German inhabitants. Today, former German farmsteads are occupied by families of the reform beneficiaries – Polish peasants. The paper is personal as it is based on the postmemory of the author, who used archival sources (including vital records and peasants’ letters of application for the post-German land) and information from his grandmother, who remembers her German neighbours, in an attempt to ‘revive’ the multi-cultural past and those who used to be a part of this landscape. The author outlines the concept of ethnoarchaeological research into the dissonant heritage being a by-product of the agrarian reform (1944) in Poland.
Stone Age Archaeological Sites in the Landscape. Monumentalisation of Sites on the South Korea Example
Authors: Bartczak Marcel
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is to show selected ways of presenting Stone Age archaeological sites in the landscape. The forms of prehistoric archaeological sites monumentalisation in South Korea served as an example here. Displaying Stone Age sites in the landscape is popular in Korea, especially where no remains of former human activity visible in the landscape have been preserved. Establishing reserves, museums and monuments nearby an explored archaeological site is very important for the majority of stakeholders in South Korea. Patriotic factor plays an important role here as for the society in general getting to know the oldest history of the Korean Peninsula is very important, due to the people’s attachment to their tradition and culture. The sites described in this article are among the best-known by the researchers and the general public in South Korea. The Sorori site, showing first attempts at rice domestication, was discovered thanks to site prospection carried out before the construction of an industrial complex. The Suyanggae site is the biggest Palaeolithic flint workshop located in the Korean Peninsula, discovered during the rescue excavations connected with construction of a dam on the South Han River. The Jeongok site – one of the most important sites in Eastern Asia due to the discovery of the first Acheulian-type handaxe outside the borders of the Movius line – was accidentally discovered by an American pilot from the nearby military base. All three sites of prehistoric human activity are very important for the world of science as well as for entities responsible for the protection of cultural heritage, being a model for ways of managing museums, reserves, and culture parks established at excavation sites. What is more, in the article a short presentation of developing rescue archaeology is provided, related to rapid industrialization of South Korea.
Quelles perspectives pour les filières laitières de montagne après la suppression des quotas laitiers ? Une approche en termes de régime de concurrence
Authors: DERVILLÉ M. , ALLAIRE G.
Published: March 2020

La production laitière de montagne rassemble 22% des producteurs et 15% des volumes nationaux. Toutefois, les contraintes pédoclimatiques,la pente et l’éloignement engendrent des surcoûts de production et de collecte du lait. Or, la suppression des quotas, et donc la fin de l’ancrage des volumes à l’échelle des départements, exposent plus directement ces systèmes à la concurrence des systèmes laitiers de plaine. Leur pérennité s’en trouve menacée. Un cadre économique d’analyse, multi-niveaux et multi-acteurs, du fonctionnement des marchés laitiers est développé pour analyser la diversité des enjeux d’adaptation post-quotas en montagne. En combinant études de cas et analyse statistique, 43 territoires, regroupés en quatre principaux ensembles sont distingués et cartographiés. Dans les montagnes « à AOP fortes », la réputation des produits et les dispositifs de coordination spécifiques atténuent l’impact de la libéralisation. Dans les zones « à potentiel AOP », l’enjeu d’adaptation repose sur l’activation des ressources spécifiques et sur leur réappropriation par les éleveurs. Pour les montagnes génériques, les dispositifs de coordination pouvant permettre d’ancrer la production restent à construire. Enfin, dans les zones génériques peu denses, les possibilités de réponse collective sont compromises. L’établissement de nouveaux dispositifs de coordination favorisant la différenciation et la stabilité des marchés demande du temps et des investissements matériels et immatériels conséquents. Il y a donc urgence pour les professionnels et pour l’acteur public à investir dans le développement de capacités d’innovation à l’échelle des territoires.
Particularités pathologiques des ruminants domestiques en estive dans les montagnes françaises
Authors: ALZIEU J.P. , BRUGÈRE-PICOUX J. , BRARD C.
Published: March 2020

Mis à part certaines pathologies spécifiques telle la myiase à Wohlfartia magnifica, la plupart des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires d’importance sont véhiculées sur l’estive avec leurs hôtes, bovins et ovins. La problématique des cheptels collectifs constitués de troupeaux de statuts sanitaires différents et les fortes variations climatiques et thermiques favorisent l’expression des maladies infectieuses. La montée en estive d’animaux infectés constitue le facteur majeur de risque, induisant à terme un accroissement de la morbidité, de la mortalité et des pertes économiques. La meilleure prévention réside dans la meilleure maîtrise sanitaire des troupeauxavant leur transhumance.
L’élevage de précision : quelles conséquences pour le travail des éleveurs ?
Authors: HOSTIOU N. , ALLAIN C. , CHAUVAT S. , TURLOT A. , PINEAU C. , FAGON J.
Published: March 2020

L’automatisation et l’« électronisation » des élevages explosent depuis quelques années dans de nombreux pays, donnant naissance à ce que l’on appelle l’élevage de précision. Ce déploiement important de capteurs et d’automates provenant de l’industrie désormais utilisables en élevage, répond aux contraintes économiques, structurelles et sociales actuelles des exploitations agricoles. L’élevage de précision se développe dans les différentes filières animales pour faciliter la surveillance de troupeaux dans un contexte d'accroissement de la taille des élevages et de diminution de la disponibilité en main-d’oeuvre. La réduction de la pénibilité de certaines tâches répétitives semble être, aussi, un facteur d’adoption de ces nouvelles technologies. Cette synthèse se concentre sur l’impact de l’élevage de précision sur le métier d’éleveur et l’organisation de son travail, sujets encore peu abordés. Des gains de temps sont en effet observés du fait de l’introduction des automates et capteurs dans les élevages car ils remplacent les tâches physiques récurrentes (traite, alimentation) tout en simplifiant la surveillance des animaux (chaleurs, problèmes sanitaires, surveillance des mises bas….). Outre les gains de temps qui restent encore à objectiver, d’autres dimensions du travail sont affectées par l’élevage de précision (souplesse dans l’organisation, nouveaux horaires). Les informations fournies peuvent aussi alléger la charge mentale en indiquant les interventionsnécessaires, par exemple, pour le moment d’insémination optimal, à l'occasion des mises bas ou en détectant précocement les troubles de santé pour anticiper l'action curative. Cependant, le recours à ces nouvelles technologies crée également de nouvelles tâches telles que l’entretien et la surveillance du matériel, l’apprentissage de son utilisation, la consultation et l’interprétation des données fournies par ces outils. Ainsi, la charge mentale peut parfois être accrue du fait de la complexité des informations à gérer, de la multiplicité des alarmes ou des alertes ou encore des risques de pannes plus fréquents. Les relations entre l’éleveur et ses animaux sont également modifiées. Les conséquences sur le travail, si elles comportent des aspects positifs susceptibles d'exercer un attrait pour le métier notamment de jeunes en quête de modernité, peuvent se révéler sources d'échecs si elles ne sont pas adaptées aux besoins et aux compétences des éleveurs. Il est donc essentiel de prendre en compte le travail, selon ses différentes dimensions, pour favoriser l’appropriation de ces nouvelles technologies par les éleveurs.
Conception d’un système innovant de production de truites en eau recirculée
Authors: LABBÉ L. , LEFÈVRE F. , BUGEON J. , FOSTIER A. , JAMIN M. , GAUMÉ M.
Published: March 2020

La faisabilité technique d’un système d’élevage de salmonidés en eau recirculée et ses performances ont été comparées, sur 3 ans, à celle d’un circuit ouvert dans les conditions bioclimatiques de la Bretagne. Seulement 7,2 m3 d’eau neuve par kilogramme de poisson produit ont été nécessaires au lieu de 100 m3 en circuit ouvert. Le dimensionnement des composants du pilote a permis cette forte réduction sans dégradation de la qualité de l’eau d’élevage (N-NH4+ : 0,66 ± 0,13 mg.L-1 ; N-NO2- : 0,12 mg.L-1 ± 0,03). Les principaux indicateurs zootechniques ont été significativement améliorés (de 10 à 15% de croissance pondérale supplémentaire avec un indice de consommation diminué de près de 10%) sans impact sur la mortalité. La reproduction n’a pas été affectée par ce système d’élevage (taux de survie des oeufs embryonnés : 67,03 ± 0,57% vs 62,65 ± 3,36%) et le parasitisme a pu être contrôlé. La qualité de la chair, et notamment la flaveur du filet, n’a pas été altérée. Enfin, l’impact de ce système sur le rendement au filetage et la qualité physicochimique du filet (texture, couleur, teneur en lipides) reste faible. Malgré un impact environnemental réduit, ce système de production est encore peu développé en Europe. La combinaison judicieuse d’améliorations techniques dans la boucle de recirculation et de traitement de l’eau, visant à améliorer l’efficacité du système, pourrait aider la filière piscicole à évoluer vers un mode de production moins dépendant des ressources naturelles, tout en continuant à fournir des produits de qualité au consommateur.
Un langage de référence pour le phénotypage des animaux d’élevage : l’ontologie ATOL
Authors: LE BAIL P.Y , BUGEON J. , DAMERON O. , FATET A. , GOLIK W. , HOCQUETTE J.F. , HURTAUD C. , HUE I. , JONDREVILLE C. , JORET L. , MEUNIER-SALAÜN M.C. , VERNET J. , NEDELLEC C. , REICHSTADT M. , CHEMINEAU P.
Published: March 2020

Les avancées technologiques récentes en biologie permettent la production de grandes quantités de données capables de décrire de plus en plus finement les phénotypes. Pour traiter en masse ces informations à l’aide de programmes informatiques et comparer les phénotypes provenant d’études différentes, il est indispensable de disposer d’un langage standardisé définissant sans ambiguïté les caractères phénotypiques auxquels pourront se référer des utilisateurs variés (généticiens, physiologistes, biochimistes, modélisateurs, producteurs…). L’absence d’un tel référentiel pour les animaux d’élevage a conduit l’Inra, en collaboration avec ses partenaires internationaux, à mettre en place une ontologie nommée ATOL (« Animal Trait Ontology for Livestock »). Celle-ci vise à définir les caractères phénotypiques des animaux d’élevage en les organisant en catégories, autour des performances (efficacité alimentaire, fertilité), des produits (production laitière, de viande, d’oeufs, de foie gras) et des préoccupations sociétales (bien-être animal) se rapportant aux productions animales. Cet article explique les motivations à l’origine du projet, les objectifs poursuivis, la démarche adoptée et son originalité, ses limites et ses performances. Notre ambition est que cette ontologie, actuellement en accès libre sur la toile, soit largement utilisée pour référencer les caractères utilisés dans les publications et les bases de données, et ce pour favoriser une fouille bibliographique précise, facilitant ainsi l’intégration des informations à des fins de biologie systémique et prédictive.
Le phénotypage de la qualité des produits animaux : enjeux et innovations.
Authors: LE BIHAN-DUVAL E. , TALON R. , BROCHARD M. , GAUTRON J. , LEFÈVRE F. , LARZUL C. , BAÉZA E. , HOCQUETTE J.F.
Published: March 2020

Maîtriser la qualité des produits issus des animaux d’élevage suppose de pouvoir l’objectiver à partir de mesures fiables, faciles d’utilisation et si possible précoces et non invasives. Les programmes de recherche-développement mis en place au sein des différentes filières animales (ruminants, porcins, volailles, poissons) concernent notamment i) la détection et la quantification des contaminants biologiques ou chimiques des produits, ii) la détermination de la composition et des propriétés technologiques des produits grâce à des méthodes alternatives aux mesures analytiques de laboratoire (mesures optiques ou par imagerie, mesures physiques non invasives), et iii) la recherche de marqueurs biologiques précoces de la qualité (marqueurs génétiques, expression de gènes ou de protéines, teneurs en métabolites) et leur validation par des approches de modélisation. Appliqué à un panel de plus en plus large de critères de qualité, ce phénotypage à haut débit est nécessaire au développement de la sélection génétique ou génomique, à la biologie prédictive et à l’élevage de précision.
Sélection génomique : quelles perspectives pour les filières avicoles ?
Authors: LE ROY P. , CHAPUIS H , GUÉMENÉ D.
Published: March 2020

La sélection génomique repose sur l’évaluation des valeurs génétiques des candidats à la sélection par un « score moléculaire » calculé d’après leurs génotypes en un très grand nombre de marqueurs de l’ADN. Dans une première étape, les effets des marqueurs sont estimés sur une population de référence génotypée et phénotypée pour les caractères à améliorer. La table des valeurs génotypiques ainsi établie est utilisée pour calculer les valeurs génétiques des candidats au cours des générations suivantes, qui peuvent alors n’être que génotypées. En quelques années, cette stratégie a été mise en place chez les bovins laitiers. Les opérateurs de la sélection dans les autres filières animales ont assisté à cette révolution et se posent légitimement la question de l’intérêt pour eux d’entrer dans cette démarche. La disponibilité d’une puce « poule » de 600k SNP permet d’ores et déjà d’appliquer une sélection génomique dans les filières poule pondeuse et poulet de chair. Pour les autres espèces avicoles, les outils de génotypage à haut débit sont en cours de développement. Quelle que soit l’espèce, trois composantes du progrès génétique peuvent être améliorées. L’intensité de sélection peut être augmentée pour les caractères non mesurables en routine (qualités des produits, efficacité alimentaire, résistance aux maladies). La précision des valeurs génétiques peut être augmentée, notamment pour les mâles dans le cas des caractères exprimés uniquement par les femelles. Enfin, l’intervalle de génération peut être diminué grâce à une évaluation précoce des candidats, notamment en sélection des poules pondeuses. Par ailleurs, l’évaluation génomique offre pour la première fois la possibilité de sélectionner des individus de race pure de l’étage de sélection pour leur valeur en croisement et dans le milieu de production. Les coûts de mise en oeuvre de la sélection génomique sont élevés, en raison de la taille de la population de référence nécessaire à une évaluation précise, du nombre élevé de candidats à génotyper et de la variété des populations à sélectionner. Toutefois, chez les volailles, l’énorme diffusion des reproducteurs pourrait permettre de compenser ces coûts.
Aménagement des logettes et confort des vaches laitières
Authors: CAZIN B. , NICKS B. , DUFRASNE I.
Published: March 2020

Réalisant un bon compromis entre les besoins des animaux et ceux des éleveurs, la stabulation libre à logettes s’est imposée comme une des principales modalités d’hébergement des vaches laitières. Les recommandations relatives à sa mise en place et à sa gestion font cependant toujours l’objet de révisions. Une attention particulière est actuellement accordée à l’amélioration des conditions de confort de la vache. Le confort de la vache couchée peut être évalué par le temps passé en position couchée, la fréquence des changements de position et la facilité avec laquelle les vaches se couchent et se lèvent. Le confort de couchage est principalement lié à la souplesse du sol, aux dimensions des logettes et à la façon de les délimiter tant latéralement qu’à l’avant. Un sol suffisamment souple peut être assuré soit par des matelas multicouches, soit par des litières épaisses. Les matelas doivent être recouverts d’un matériau de litière absorbant l’humidité en surface et contribuant à garantir la propreté du sol et de la mamelle. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, la nature du matériau (paille, sciure, sable, chaux…) apparaît moins importante que la fréquence de renouvellement. Les logettes « creuses », dont le sol est recouvert d’une couche épaisse (± 20 cm) de litière, semblent globalement mieux appréciées par les vaches que celles équipées de matelas et leur utilisation est associée à une moindre fréquence de lésions au niveau des membres ainsi que de boiteries. Le sable apparaît comme un matériau de premier choix pour assurer le confort des animaux. Néanmoins, l’entretien des logettes creuses demande un surcroît de travail et la manutention de sable comme matériau de litière nécessite des équipements spécifiques. Les recommandations relatives aux dimensions des logettes entrent dans une fourchette de valeurs assez étendue car devant être adaptées au gabarit des animaux et intégrer la recherche de conditions optimisant la propreté du bâti. Les modèles de séparations latérales sont à évaluer quant à leur efficacité à contraindre l’animal à ne pas déborder sur les emplacements voisins tout en évitant qu’il ne se blesse ou ne soit gêné lors du lever et du coucher. Enfin, le dispositif limitant l’avancement dans la logette sera jugé sur son efficacité à dégager l’espace nécessaire pour permettre à l’animal de projeter sans contrainte la tête vers l’avant lors du relevé.
Anti-COVID-19 Effects of Ten Structurally Different Hydrolysable Tannins through Binding with the Catalytic-Closed Sites of COVID-19 Main Protease: An In-Silico Approach
Authors: Khalifa Ibrahim , Zhu Wei , Nafie Mohamed S. , Dutta Kunal , Li Chunmei
Published: March 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recently raised and starting from China to all over the world. The viral main protease (3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine enzyme) controls COVID-19 duplication and manages its life cycle, making it a drug discovery target. Therefore, herein, we analyzed the theoretical approaches of 10 structurally different hydrolysable tannins as natural anti-COVID-19 through binding with the main protease of 2019-nCoV using molecular docking modelling via Molecular Operating Environment (MOE v2009) software. Our results revealed that there are top three hits may serve as potential anti-COVID-19 lead molecules for further optimization and drug development to control COVID-19. Pedunculagin, tercatain, and punicalin were found to faithfully interact with the receptor binding site and catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of COVID-19 main protease, showing their successfully inhibit the protease enzyme of 2019-nCoV. We anticipated that this study would pave way for tannins based novel small molecules as more efficacious and selective anti-COVID-19 therapeutic compounds.
Risk of Total Wrist Arthrodesis or Reoperation Following 4-Corner Arthrodesis or Proximal Row Carpectomy for Stage-II SLAC/SNAC Arthritis
Authors: Garcia Brittany N. , Lu Chao-Chin , Stephens Andrew R. , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Chen Wei , Leng Jianwei , Li Liang , Sauer Brian C. , Tyser Andrew R.
Published: March 2020

Background:

For stage-II scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) patterns of wrist arthritis, the optimal method of surgical treatment remains unclear. Previous literature has demonstrated similar clinical outcomes between proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and 4-corner arthrodesis (FCA), making the risk of reoperation a focus of particular interest. In the present study, the primary null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the rate of conversion to total wrist arthrodesis between PRC and FCA. Additionally, we hypothesized that the rate of secondary surgical procedures would be similar between the 2 procedures.

Methods:

The national Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse was utilized to identify 2,449 patients who underwent either PRC or FCA between 1992 and 2016. With use of operative reports to identify the arthritis pattern, only cases of stage-II SLAC/SNAC were included. All complications and subsequent surgical procedures were confirmed by manual chart review. Propensity score analyses with matching weights were utilized to balance the PRC and FCA cohorts. The rates of conversion to wrist arthrodesis and secondary surgical procedures were calculated.

Results:

Of the 1,168 patients with stage-II SLAC/SNAC arthritis, 933 wrists underwent PRC and 257 wrists underwent FCA. Ten-year survival free of total wrist arthrodesis in the matching PRC (251 procedures) and FCA (251 procedures) cohorts was 94.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.3% to 96.3%) and 94.1% (95% CI, 90.8% to 97.4%), respectively. Survival free of a secondary surgical procedure other than wrist arthrodesis was 99.7% (95% CI, 99.3% to 100.0%) for PRC and 83.5% (95% CI, 78.2% to 88.8%) for FCA.

Conclusions:

PRC and FCA demonstrated similarly low rates of conversion to total wrist arthrodesis. In contrast, the rate of secondary surgical procedures following FCA was significantly higher compared with PRC. Given the historically similar clinical outcomes between PRC and FCA, the results of the present study show that PRC may be a preferable treatment for stage-II SLAC/SNAC wrist arthritis.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Precarious Employment in Rural Ontario
Authors: Valencia Gaspard  , Valencia Gaspard
Published: March 2020

In collaboration with colleagues from around Ontario and OMAFRA, I am pursuing a project reviewing the impacts of precarious employment on the social, emotional and physical health of rural communities in Ontario. This presentation will share what is known about precarious employment as a rural trend through the project's findings to date. This project's outcomes will be useful in crafting rural policy and programs, mitigating the negative impact of precarious employment trends and better understanding holistic community health.
KTT in a Digital Age
Authors: Michelle Linington
Published: March 2020

Since the dawn of agriculture there has been a need to communicate in order to optimize production and yields. Extension and Knowledge Technology and Transfer (KTT) has seen a lot of changes over the past 100 years. None of these were as great as in the introduction of the Internet and computer technology. With this rapid change in technology, KTT workers and consultants have to adapt how information is getting to producers.

Though majority of farms still prefer hard copies of publications and research, we are seeing an increase in the amount of material found online. We have also seen a shift away from demo days and on farm consultations, in order to use webinars, podcasts and social media. Farmers have a been labelled as 'slow to adapt', but this is not just a generational gap anymore. Herd size, producer personalities and delivery methods all effect how the producer wants to receive information. 

Though the industry is good at producing information, it is important to get it into the producers hands. Until the digital space becomes the norm for all producers there is a need to view the trends in KTT and combine traditional and new age communication methods in order to reach all farmers. As technology continues to change there will be a constant need to change how we are reaching producers while continuing with the KTT methods that have worked in the past.
Educating Producers to Systematically Evaluate the Cows they are Culling
Authors: Allison Moorman
Published: March 2020

Our research will assess the effectiveness of an effort to educate Ontario dairy producers to systematically evaluate the cows they plan to cull. Using a number of health and welfare-related criteria, our team aims to advance decision-making of producers regarding whether culled cows are fit for transport. Our goal is to educate dairy producers to eliminate the shipping of unfit cows, involve their veterinarians in the decision-making process, and to encourage development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for evaluating cull cows. 

Currently, Ontario’s dairy industry lacks a systematic evaluation method to aid producers in the decision to remove and transport cows. Moreover, the dairy industry’s proAction initiative requires all farms to have a documented SOP regarding the shipping of cattle. Additionally the veterinary community is interested in being more involved in the SOP development and decision-making process on their client’s farms.

This pilot research project will run from January to April 2017, inclusive. Twenty bovine veterinarians have been recruited to each enrol 10 of their dairy clients. Veterinarians will provide their clients with a Pre-survey, Cull Cow Evaluation Forms, an information package, and a Post-survey. The Pre-survey is intended to gage the knowledge of dairy producers regarding culling and shipping cattle and assess their current attitudes and practices. The producers will then be asked to complete an Evaluation Form for every cow they cull from the milking herd during the study period. A Post-survey will then be sent to the producers to assess if their attitudes and practices have changed.