bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of a compound force tracking control strategy for electro-hydraulic hybrid testing system with suppression of vibration disturbances
Authors: Zhu Zhencai , Tang Yu , Shen Gang
Published: February 2016

Electro-hydraulic hybrid testing, which imposes the desired acceleration and force on the specimen in parallel, is a novel structural testing method for structures or facilities and is extensively applied in civil and seismic engineering. To efficiently suppress the surplus force resulted from the acceleration motion of the specimen during the force control process, a compound force tracking control strategy comprised of a force and voltage feedforward controller (FVFC) and feedforward inverse with disturbance observer (FIDOB) controller is presented in this research. The FVFC controller as an inner loop feedforward component is first constituted by the generated force feedback signal and the real-time control voltage signal of the acceleration actuator so as to compensate for the acceleration motion of the specimen for a better disturbance rejection performance, and the FVFC controller requires little information of the system dynamic structure or parameters. The FIDOB controller composed by a feedforward inverse controller and an inverse model-based disturbance observer is then combined with the FVFC controller as an outer loop to further deal with the remaining disturbances for the FVFC-controlled electro-hydraulic hybrid testing system. The inverse model applied in the FIDOB controller is obtained with the frequency domain complex curve fitting and zero magnitude error tracking technology with respect to the proportional–integral controlled static loading system. Hence, the proposed controller integrates the advantages of the FVFC controller and FIDOB controller in terms of easy implementation and high tracking performance. Finally, comparative experiments are carried out on an uniaxial electro-hydraulic hybrid testing test rig with the xPC rapid prototyping technology and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Design and development of the Sunswift eVe solar vehicle: a record-breaking electric car
Authors: Paterson Sam , Vijayaratnam Pujith , Perera Charith , Doig Graham
Published: February 2016

The Sunswift project of the University of New South Wales, Australia, exists to provide university students with a multi-disciplinary engineering challenge, enhancing the true educational value of their degree with a unique hands-on real-world experience of creating solar–electric hybrid vehicles. The design and development of the low-drag ‘solar supercar’ Sunswift eVe car are described here, detailing the student-led process from initial concept sketches to the completed performance vehicle. eVe was designed to demonstrate the potential of effective solar integration into a practical passenger-carrying vehicle. It is a two-seater vehicle with an on-body solar array area of 4 m2 and a battery capacity of 16 kW h, which is capable of sustained speeds over 130 km/h and a single-charge range of over 800 km. Carbon fiber was used extensively, and the components were almost all designed, built, and tested by students with industry and academic mentorship. The eVe project was initiated in mid-2012, and the car competed in the 2013 World Solar Challenge, taking class line honours. It subsequently set a Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile land speed record in 2014 for the fastest average speed of an electric vehicle over 500 km; it is now the team’s intent to develop the car to road-legal status.
The Desires of Their Hearts: The Multidisciplinary Perspectives of African Americans on End-of-Life Care in the African American Community
Authors: Rhodes Ramona L. , Elwood Bryan , Lee Simon C. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Halm Ethan A. , Skinner Celette S.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Studies have identified racial differences in advance care planning and use of hospice for care at the end of life. Multiple reasons for underuse among African American patients and their families have been proposed and deserve further exploration.

Objective:

The goal of this study was to examine perceptions of advance care planning, palliative care, and hospice among a diverse sample of African Americans with varying degrees of personal and professional experience with end-of-life care and use these responses to inform a culturally sensitive intervention to promote awareness of these options.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted with African Americans who had varying degrees of experience and exposure to end-of-life care both personally and professionally. We conducted in-depth qualitative analyses of these interviews and focus group transcripts and determined that thematic saturation had been achieved.

Results:

Several themes emerged. Participants felt that advance care planning, palliative care, and hospice can be beneficial to African American patients and their families but identified specific barriers to completion of advance directives and hospice enrollment, including lack of knowledge, fear that these measures may hasten death or cause providers to deliver inadequate care, and perceived conflict with patients’ faith and religious beliefs. Providers described approaches they use to address these barriers in their practices.

Conclusion:

Findings, which are consistent with and further elucidate those identified from previous research, will inform design of a culturally sensitive intervention to increase awareness and understanding of advance care planning, palliative care, and hospice among members of the African American community.
Does reactivity to accelerometers occur in a single trial? Brief report in a sample of young adults
Authors: Vandoni Matteo , Correale Luca , Del Bianco Marco , Marin Luca , Codrons Erwan
Published: February 2016

This study aimed to test acute reactivity during a physical activity in an outdoor setting and to verify the relative perceived performance. In all, 38 volunteers wore accelerometers or not and completed two 20-minute sessions of self-selected pace physical activity. Covered distance, exertional responses, and perceived efficacy were recorded at the end of every session. Relevant finding of this study has been that reactivity to accelerometers also occurs in acute condition. Consequently, this condition leads to a better performance and a greater perceived exertion. Moreover, this situation seems to occur in a state of awareness.
The changing relationship of women with their natal families
Authors: Wong Odalia Ming Hung
Published: February 2016

The present article is based on an extensive literature review of the relationship between married daughters and their birth parents in contemporary China. The 1950 Marriage Law and subsequent legislation, as well as the one-child policy, have changed deep-rooted attitudes towards daughters both within the family and in the society. Economic reform, urbanization, and migration have also bolstered the social status and economic independence of women. The changing relationship of women to their natal families is a reflection of women’s social, economic, and educational status at large; together these affect the perceived role of women in the family, both before and after marriage.
Episodic memories of relationship quality, procedural knowledge of attachment scripts, and the experience of daughters caring for a parent with dementia
Authors: Chen Cory K , Bailey Robert W
Published: February 2016

A caregiver’s attachment history with their parents may affect the thoughts, feelings, and behavior they now have as they care for a parent with dementia. Participants were 77 daughters of a parent with dementia. The nature of participant conscious episodic memories of their parental figures and unconscious procedural knowledge of caregiving processes (secure base script knowledge) were identified as two aspects of the caregiver’s relationship history that may impact their involvement in care, relationship conflict, critical attitudes, and strain. Our findings indicated that the nature of episodic memories of the caregiver relationship history with parental figures were significantly associated with stress and criticism of their parent. Greater unconscious procedural knowledge of the secure base script was associated with caregiver report of less conflict and less involvement in the caregiving tasks. Potential clinical implications of this pattern are also discussed.
The When and Why of Nominations
Authors: Hollibaugh Gary E. , Rothenberg Lawrence S.
Published: February 2016

Scholars interested in bargaining over political appointments typically analyze the duration between the candidate’s nomination and eventual disposition, ignoring the prior period between vacancy and nomination. Using a dataset of vacancies reported to the Government Accountability Office, we instead examine the nomination stage. We uncover both commonalities and differences between the dynamics of nomination and those of confirmation. Ideological divergence between the President and the Senate filibuster pivot tends to delay nominations but only under divided government. Presidents not only move more quickly on more important positions, but are also influenced by the ideological leanings of the agencies.
Improvement of airfoil trailing edge bluntness noise model
Authors: Zhu Wei Jun , Shen Wen Zhong , Sørensen Jens Nørkær , Leloudas Giorgos
Published: February 2016

In this article, airfoil trailing edge bluntness noise is investigated using both computational aero-acoustic and semi-empirical approach. For engineering purposes, one of the most commonly used prediction tools for trailing edge noise are based on semi-empirical approaches, for example, the Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini airfoil noise prediction model developed by Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini (NASA Reference Publication 1218, 1989). It was found in previous study that the Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini model tends to over-predict noise at high frequencies. Furthermore, it was observed that this was caused by a lack in the model to predict accurately noise from blunt trailing edges. For more physical understanding of bluntness noise generation, in this study, we also use an advanced in-house developed high-order computational aero-acoustic technique to investigate the details associated with trailing edge bluntness noise. The results from the numerical model form the basis for an improved Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini trailing edge bluntness noise model.
How ‘realistic’ should global political theory be? Some reflections on the debate so far
Authors: Miller David
Published: February 2016

This article reviews the recent debate on realism in political theory (including the articles in this symposium) and examines its implications for global political theory. It distinguishes two versions of realism – contrasted, respectively, with political utopianism and political moralism – and argues that the second of these realisms fails to be sufficiently realistic by the standards of the first. In particular, it exaggerates the extent of political disagreement within domestic societies and underestimates the unifying force of national identities. In international relations, by contrast, disagreement over values runs deeper, and the pursuit of national interest remains a serious obstacle to co-operation, as classical international realists insisted. Current proposals for global democracy and global distributive justice therefore run into serious difficulties over agency and legitimacy: who might have reason and capacity to create the institutions needed to deliver these goals, and how could these institutions be rendered legitimate in the eyes of global publics?
The Feasibility and Effectiveness of Online Guided Imagery Training for Health Professionals
Authors: Rao Nisha , Kemper Kathi J.
Published: February 2016

This study evaluated the feasibility and impact of brief online guided imagery training (up to 3 hours) for health professionals. Paired t tests were used to measure pre-to-post-training changes in stress (Perceived Stress Scale,), anxiety (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Anxiety Scale), empathy (Empathic Concern Scale, and Perspective-taking Scale), and self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy in providing Non-Drug Therapies Scale). Online guided imagery training attracted diverse health professionals and trainees (n = 273; 14% trainees; 34% registered nurses, 20% physicians, 14% social workers, 5% registered dititians, and 27% others). Participants reported small but significant pre-to-post-module improvements in stress (17.8 to 13.5), anxiety ( T-scores 56.4 to 54.3), empathy (both empathic concern, 29.8 to 30.7, and perspective taking, 28.0 to 29.4), and self-efficacy in providing nondrug therapies for common symptoms (58.5 to 77.0) ( P < .001 for all). Future studies will need to examine the clinical impact of online guided imagery training for health professionals.
When is a mutation not a mutation: the case of the c.594-2A>C splice variant in a woman harbouring another BRCA1 mutation in trans
Authors: Wong-Brown Michelle , McPhillips Mary , Gleeson Margaret , Spigelman Allan D. , Meldrum Cliff J. , Dooley Susan , Scott Rodney J.
Published: February 2016

Since the identification of BRCA1 there has only ever been described two bi-allelic mutation carriers, one of whom was subsequently shown to be a mono-allelic carrier. The second patient diagnosed with two BRCA1 mutations appears to be accurate but there remain some questions about the missense variant identified in that patient.

In this report we have identified a woman who is a bi-allelic mutation carrier of BRCA1 and provide an explanation as to why this patient has a phenotype very similar to that of any mono-allelic mutation carrier. The splice variant identified in this patient appears to be associated with the up-regulation of a BRCA1 splice variant that rescues the lethality of being a double mutant.

The consequences of the findings of this report may have implications for mutation interpretation and that could serve as a model for not only BRCA1 but also for other autosomal dominant disorders that are considered as being embryonically lethal.
Functional imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma using diffusion-weighted MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients on waiting-list for liver transplantation
Authors: Boussouar Samia , Itti Emmanuel , Lin Shih-Jui , Decaens Thomas , Evangelista Eva , Chiaradia Melanie , Chalaye Julia , Baranes Laurence , Calderaro Julien , Laurent Alexis , Pigneur Frederic , Duvoux Christophe , Azoulay Daniel , Costentin Charlotte , Rahmouni Alain , Luciani Alain
Published: February 2016

Background

To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with the standardized uptake values (SUV) measured by18F-FDG-PET/CT in naïve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules, and to determine whether these markers are associated with tumours at high-risk of aggressiveness.

Methods

From 2007 to 2010, all patients with HCC on the waiting list for liver transplantation and who underwent both FDG-PET/CT and 1.5-T DWI-MRI (b values: 0, 200, 400, and 800 s/mm2) were included in this institutional review board-approved retrospective study. Tumour size, tumour ADC, tumour-to-liver ADC ratio (ADCT/L), maximal tumour SUV and tumour-to-liver SUV ratio (SUVT/L) were measured and compared to serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, tumour size and differentiation grade on explanted specimens.

Results

A total of 37 HCC nodules in 28 patients were available for correlation between MRI and PET/CT, 7 of which (in 7 patients) showed a SUVT/L > 1.15. We did not find any correlation between tumour ADC or ADCT/L and tumour SUV or SUVT/L. To note, SUVT/L was positively correlated with AFP levels (R = 0.95, P ≤ 0.0001), while ADCT/L was not (P = 0.73). Twenty-four patients (with 32 nodules) underwent liver transplantation. In this subgroup, an increased SUVT/L ratio was associated with larger tumours (average size, 32 ± 14 mm; range, 18–60 mm; P < 0.0001) and with poor differentiation on pathology (grades 3 and 4; P = 0.04), while ADCT/L was neither associated with tumour size or differentiation grade.

Conclusions

ADC and SUV measures in HCC nodules are not correlated. SUVT/L ratio correlates with AFP levels, tumour size and poor differentiation, and should probably be integrated as a co-variable in a predictive outcome model of patients on the waiting-list for liver transplantation.
Acute Kidney Injury in the Era of Big Data: The 15th Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI)
Authors: Bagshaw Sean M. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Ronco Claudio , Kellum John A. ,   for the ADQI 15 Consensus Group
Published: February 2016

The world is immersed in “big data”. Big data has brought about radical innovations in the methods used to capture, transfer, store and analyze the vast quantities of data generated every minute of every day. At the same time; however, it has also become far easier and relatively inexpensive to do so. Rapidly transforming, integrating and applying this large volume and variety of data are what underlie the future of big data. The application of big data and predictive analytics in healthcare holds great promise to drive innovation, reduce cost and improve patient outcomes, health services operations and value. Acute kidney injury (AKI) may be an ideal syndrome from which various dimensions and applications built within the context of big data may influence the structure of services delivery, care processes and outcomes for patients. The use of innovative forms of “information technology” was originally identified by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) in 2002 as a core concept in need of attention to improve the care and outcomes for patients with AKI. For this 15th ADQI consensus meeting held on September 6–8, 2015 in Banff, Canada, five topics focused on AKI and acute renal replacement therapy were developed where extensive applications for use of big data were recognized and/or foreseen. In this series of articles in the Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease, we describe the output from these discussions.
Embodying self-compassion within virtual reality and its effects on patients with depression
Authors: Falconer Caroline J. , Rovira Aitor , King John A. , Gilbert Paul , Antley Angus , Fearon Pasco , Ralph Neil , Slater Mel , Brewin Chris R.
Published: February 2016

Background

Self-criticism is a ubiquitous feature of psychopathology and can be combatted by increasing levels of self-compassion. However, some patients are resistant to self-compassion.

Aims

To investigate whether the effects of self-identification with virtual bodies within immersive virtual reality could be exploited to increase self-compassion in patients with depression.

Method

We developed an 8-minute scenario in which 15 patients practised delivering compassion in one virtual body and then experienced receiving it from themselves in another virtual body.

Results

In an open trial, three repetitions of this scenario led to significant reductions in depression severity and self-criticism, as well as to a significant increase in self-compassion, from baseline to 4-week follow-up. Four patients showed clinically significant improvement.

Conclusions

The results indicate that interventions using immersive virtual reality may have considerable clinical potential and that further development of these methods preparatory to a controlled trial is now warranted.
Claims for sickness and disability benefits owing to mental
disorders in the UK: trends from 1995 to 2014
Authors: Viola Sebastião , Moncrieff Joanna
Published: February 2016

Background

There is international concern about the levels of sickness and
disability benefits, with mental disorders known to account for a large
proportion of claims.

Aims

To examine trends in sickness and disability benefits awarded for mental
disorders in the UK.

Method

The researchers analysed UK Government data from 1995 to 2014.

Results

Mental disorders have become the most common cause of receiving benefits,
with the number of claimants rising by 103% from 1995 to 1.1 million in
2014. Claimants with other conditions fell by 35%. In 2014, 47% of claims
were attributed to a mental disorder. The number of long-term claimants
(claiming over 5 years) with mental disorders increased by 87% from 2000
to 2011. Two-thirds of mental disorder claimants were classified as
having a depressive or anxiety disorder.

Conclusions

Common mental disorders may involve greater morbidity and social costs
than usually recognised. Availability of suitable employment, as well as
individual support, may be necessary to reduce benefit levels.
Empirical Correlation between Inelastic and Elastic Spectral Displacement Demands
Authors: Stafford Peter J. , Sullivan Timothy J. , Pennucci Domenico
Published: February 2016

Inelastic spectral displacement demand is arguably one of the most effective, simplified means of relating earthquake intensity to building damage. However, seismic hazard assessment is typically conducted using empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that only provide indications of elastic spectral response quantities, which an engineer subsequently relates to inelastic demands using empirical relationships such as the equal-displacement rule. An alternative approach is to utilize relationships for the inelastic spectral displacement demand directly within the seismic hazard assessment process. Such empirical relationships are developed in this work, as a function of magnitude, distance, building period, and yield strength coefficient, for four different hysteretic models that are representative of a wide range of possible structural typologies found in practice. The new relationships are likely to be particularly useful for performance-based seismic design and assessment.
Probabilistic Seismic Loss Analysis for the Design of Steel Structures: Optimizing for Multiple-Objective Functions
Authors: Saadat Sanaz , Camp Charles V. , Pezeshk Shahram
Published: February 2016

An optimized seismic performance-based design (PBD) methodology considering structural and nonstructural system performance and seismic losses is considered to optimize the design of a steel structure. Optimization objectives are to minimize the initial construction cost associated with the weight of the structural system and the expected annual loss (EAL), considering direct economic losses. A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm method is implemented for the multi-objective optimization. Achieving the desired confidence levels in meeting performance objectives of interest are set as constraints of the optimization problem. Inelastic time history analysis is used to evaluate structural response under different levels of earthquake hazard to obtain engineering demand parameters. Hazus fragility functions are employed for obtaining the damage probabilities for the structural system and nonstructural components. The optimized designs and losses are compared for the structure located in two geographic locations: one in the central United States and another in the western United States.
Stomach development, stem cells and disease
Authors: Kim Tae-Hee , Shivdasani Ramesh A.
Published: February 2016

The stomach, an organ derived from foregut endoderm, secretes acid and enzymes and plays a key role in digestion. During development, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions drive stomach specification, patterning, differentiation and growth through selected signaling pathways and transcription factors. After birth, the gastric epithelium is maintained by the activity of stem cells. Developmental signals are aberrantly activated and stem cell functions are disrupted in gastric cancer and other disorders. Therefore, a better understanding of stomach development and stem cells can inform approaches to treating these conditions. This Review highlights the molecular mechanisms of stomach development and discusses recent findings regarding stomach stem cells and organoid cultures, and their roles in investigating disease mechanisms.
Differential regulation of mouse and human nephron progenitors by the Six family of transcriptional regulators
Authors: O'Brien Lori L. , Guo Qiuyu , Lee YoungJin , Tran Tracy , Benazet Jean-Denis , Whitney Peter H. , Valouev Anton , McMahon Andrew P.
Published: February 2016

Nephron endowment is determined by the self-renewal and induction of a nephron progenitor pool established at the onset of kidney development. In the mouse, the related transcriptional regulators Six1 and Six2 play non-overlapping roles in nephron progenitors. Transient Six1 activity prefigures, and is essential for, active nephrogenesis. By contrast, Six2 maintains later progenitor self-renewal from the onset of nephrogenesis. We compared the regulatory actions of Six2 in mouse and human nephron progenitors by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). Surprisingly, SIX1 was identified as a SIX2 target unique to the human nephron progenitors. Furthermore, RNA-seq and immunostaining revealed overlapping SIX1 and SIX2 activity in 16 week human fetal nephron progenitors. Comparative bioinformatic analysis of human SIX1 and SIX2 ChIP-seq showed each factor targeted a similar set of cis-regulatory modules binding an identical target recognition motif. In contrast to the mouse where Six2 binds its own enhancers but does not interact with DNA around Six1, both human SIX1 and SIX2 bind homologous SIX2 enhancers and putative enhancers positioned around SIX1. Transgenic analysis of a putative human SIX1 enhancer in the mouse revealed a transient, mouse-like, pre-nephrogenic, Six1 regulatory pattern. Together, these data demonstrate a divergence in SIX-factor regulation between mouse and human nephron progenitors. In the human, an auto/cross-regulatory loop drives continued SIX1 and SIX2 expression during active nephrogenesis. By contrast, the mouse establishes only an auto-regulatory Six2 loop. These data suggest differential SIX-factor regulation might have contributed to species differences in nephron progenitor programs such as the duration of nephrogenesis and the final nephron count.
Precision autophagy directed by receptor regulators – emerging examples within the TRIM family
Authors: Kimura Tomonori , Mandell Michael , Deretic Vojo
Published: February 2016

Selective autophagy entails cooperation between target recognition and assembly of the autophagic apparatus. Target recognition is conducted by receptors that often recognize tags, such as ubiquitin and galectins, although examples of selective autophagy independent of these tags are emerging. It is less known how receptors cooperate with the upstream autophagic regulators, beyond the well-characterized association of receptors with Atg8 or its homologs, such as LC3B (encoded by MAP1LC3B), on autophagic membranes. The molecular details of the emerging role in autophagy of the family of proteins called TRIMs shed light on the coordination between cargo recognition and the assembly and activation of the principal autophagy regulators. In their autophagy roles, TRIMs act both as receptors and as platforms (‘receptor regulators’) for the assembly of the core autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and Beclin 1 in their activated state. As autophagic receptors, TRIMs can directly recognize endogenous or exogenous targets, obviating a need for intermediary autophagic tags, such as ubiquitin and galectins. The receptor and regulatory features embodied within the same entity allow TRIMs to govern cargo degradation in a highly exact process termed ‘precision autophagy’.
Ubiquitin chain diversity at a glance
Authors: Akutsu Masato , Dikic Ivan , Bremm Anja
Published: February 2016

Ubiquitin plays an essential role in modulating protein functions, and deregulation of the ubiquitin system leads to the development of multiple human diseases. Owing to its molecular features, ubiquitin can form various homo- and heterotypic polymers on substrate proteins, thereby provoking distinct cellular responses. The concept of multifaceted ubiquitin chains encoding different functions has been substantiated in recent years. It has been established that all possible ubiquitin linkage types are utilized for chain assembly and propagation of specific signals in vivo. In addition, branched ubiquitin chains and phosphorylated ubiquitin molecules have been put under the spotlight recently. The development of novel technologies has provided detailed insights into the structure and function of previously poorly understood ubiquitin signals. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide an update on the complexity of ubiquitin chains and their physiological relevance.
A dual fluorescent reporter for the investigation of methionine mistranslation in live cells
Authors: Gomes Ana Cristina , Kordala Anna J. , Strack Rita , Wang Xiaoyun , Geslain Renaud , Delaney Kamila , Clark Wesley C. , Keenan Robert , Pan Tao
Published: February 2016

In mammalian cells under oxidative stress, the methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) misacylates noncognate tRNAs at frequencies as high as 10% distributed among up to 28 tRNA species. Instead of being detrimental for the cell, misincorporation of methionine residues in the proteome reduces the risk of oxidative damage to proteins, which aids the oxidative stress response. tRNA microarrays have been essential for the detection of the full pattern of misacylated tRNAs, but have limited capacity to investigate the misacylation and mistranslation mechanisms in live cells. Here we develop a dual-fluorescence reporter to specifically measure methionine misincorporation at glutamic acid codons GAA and GAG via tRNAGlu mismethionylation in human cells. Our method relies on mutating a specific Met codon in the active site of the fluorescent protein mCherry to a Glu codon that renders mCherry nonfluorescent when translation follows the genetic code. Mistranslation utilizing mismethionylated tRNAGlu restores fluorescence in proportion to the amount of misacylated tRNAGlu. This cellular approach works well for both transient transfection and established stable HEK293 lines. It is rapid, straightforward, and well suited for high-throughput activity analysis under a wide range of physiological conditions. As a proof of concept, we apply this method to characterize the effect of human tRNAGlu isodecoders on mistranslation and discuss the implications of our findings.
Education and national prosperity
Authors: Kazepides A.C.
Published: February 2016

Στο άρθρο αύτό υποστηρίζεται ότι ή άποκλει-
στική χρήση οικονομικών κατηγοριών καί έπιχειρημάτων
στην έκπαιδευτική πολιτική παραβιάζει τά κριτήρια τής παιδείας
καί άλλοιώνει τον χαρακτήρα της.
Ή παιδεία δέ μπορεί να έννοηθή σάν κατανάλωση, σάν
επένδυση ή σάν καί τά δυό μαζί—παρ’ όλο πού μπορούμε, γιά
όρισμένους σκοπούς, νά τήν δούμε καί έτσι. Ή άνάπτυξη τής
ευφυΐας, ή καλλιέργεια τής εύαισθησίας, ή διαμόρφωση τού
χαρακτήρος, κτλ., έπιδιώκονται όχι άπλώς γιατί είναι χρήσιμες
γιά τήν έπίτευξη άλλων σκοπών, άλλά γιατί είναι αυτές
καθ’ έαυτές άξιες. Ή αξιολόγηση τών άποτελεσμάτων αύτών
τής παιδείας μέ κριτήρια πού βρίσκονται εξω άπό αύτήν (οικονομικά,
πολιτικά, κτλ.) μεταβάλλει τήν παιδεία σέ άπλή
εκπαίδευση ή προπαρασκευή καί θεωρεί τόν άνθρωπο σάν
μέσο γιά τήν έπιτυχία άλλων σκοπών.
Ή άντίληψη αύτή δημιουργεί σοβαρά λογικά, ηθικά, κοινωνιολογικά
καί παιδαγωγικά προβλήματα.
’Επί πλέον, τό οικονομικό πρότυπο όργανώσεως τής έκ-
παιδεύσεως βασίζεται σέ μιάν άμφισβητήσιμη ύπόθεση: ότι
δηλαδή ή ad hoc έκπαίδευση άποτελεϊ τό άσφαλέστερο μέσο
οικονομικής άναπτύξεως καί προόδου.
Conflits et protestations paysannes dans l' histoire d' un village de Macedoine: (1900-1936)
Authors: Vermeulen Hans
Published: February 2016

L’étude du rôle joué par les paysans dans la vie politique du pays
néglige généralement les différences régionales et leurs causes. Pen­
dant la première moitié du siècle, les paysans de Macédoine orientale
ont joué un plus grand rôle dans les parties d’opposition (tels le Parti
Agraire ou le Parti Cormpuniste) que la plupart des paysans de Grèce.
Cet article se propose d’analyser quelques uns des facteurs qui con­
tribuèrent à l'émergence de mouvements de protestation paysanne en
Macédoine orientale, et ce, dans une village précis.
Pendant les dix premières années du siècle des conflits se dévelop­
pent entre les familles les plus puissantes du village et une confrérie
où les paysans moyens étaient très influents. Les conflits internes, liés
à desévènements d’une autre nature, s'intensifient pendant les décen­
nies qui suivent et revêtent un caractère plus idéologique quand le
Parti Agraire et le Parti Communiste s'organisent dans le village. Le
coup d’état de Metaxas surprend une partie des habitants du village
dans une atmosphère révolutionnaire.
Une certain nombre de facteurs ont été pris en compte pour expli­
quer les développements politiques de la période antérieure à
Metaxas. L'expansion de la culture du tabac compte parmi ces
facteurs: elle réduit la dépendance des paysans par rapport aux
détenteurs locaux du pouvoir, les met en contact avec les ouvriers des
villes et augmente leur dépendance par rapport au marché interna­
tional. D'autresfacteurs, tels que la tardive incorporation à l'état grec
et le relatif isolement de la communauté villageoise, aident à com­
prendre pourquoi le village reste à l'écart de la question de la monar­
chie, question centrale à l'époque.
Sporades septentrionales: Essaie d' application d' une recherche integree pour l' etude de l' ecologie humaine des unites microinsulaires
Authors: Vernicos Genevieve , Vernicos Nicolas
Published: February 2016

Les profondes transformations qu'a connues la Grèce au cours des
trente années qui ont suivi la fin des hostilités laissent espérer que la
société néohellénique est sur le point de prendre conscience de la
dimension écologique de tout développement économique et social. A
partir de ce moment, il devient nécessaire de se doter d'une méthode
globale capable d'intégrer l'observation des rapports sociaux aux rap­
ports qui s'établissent entre l'homme et la nature. L'approche systémi
que de l’écologie humaine permet de joindre les sous systèmes de la
nature (support! et de la société (actions) à l’aide d'une troisième com­
posante qui correspond à la culture (sous système des régulations).
Appliquée à une enquête effectuée dans les Sporades septentrionales,
cette méthode a permis de mettre en évidence une première série de
processus qui régissent l’évolution récente de ces sociétés micronésiques. Parmi ces processus, et à titre purement illustratif de la
méthode, sont indiqués les problèmes relatifs à la préservation de la
sylve locale, l'évolution historique de la structure d'occupation de
l'espace insulaire par les établissements humains et par les cultures, le
processus d'adaptation de l'économie d'une petite île au marché ex­
térieur ainsi que les règles économiques qui régissent cette adapta­
tion. La gestion de l’espace et de ses ressources, tout comme la dépen­
dance dans laquelle se trouve une communauté micronésique vis-àvis du monde environnant, font apparaître la fragilité foncière de la
iiaturé, de la société et de la culture des îles mineures.
Trikeri: Mobilite et rapports d' appartenacne
Authors: Beopoulou Ioanna
Published: February 2016

Trikeri est une commune isolée du Pélion à caractère fortement in
sulaire. A la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe. elle a participe
au développement de la marine marchande grecque et devint un des
foyers maritimes importants de la région.
En raison des activités maritimes, les structures économiques et
sociales reposent sur le départ des hommes et sur la permanence des
femmes dans la communauté villageoise. Les institutions de l'en
dogamie, de l’uxorilocalité, du mode de transmission de la propriété,
le pouvoir gestionnaire et le contrôle des alliances exercés par les fern
mes sont autant d'expressions de cette séparation entre hommes et
femmes. Les hommes, vivant dans une discontinuité spatiale et tem­
porelle. deviennent, en raison du mode de résidence au mariage,
mobiles à l'intérieur aussi de leur société. Par ailleurs, leur ap
partenance au village passe par les femmes qui sont responsables de la
cohesion du groupe.
Ces structures, dans leur majorité, se sont maintenues jusqu'à nos
jours. Les activités économiques conservent le même caractère
maritime mais la hiérarchisation sociale s'est modifiée. La classe des
riches qui surgit lors de la période du développement économique
s'est désagrégée. Aujourd'hui, l'engagement massif des hommes dans
la marine marchande conduit à l'uniformisation sociale.
Trikeri reste, comme dans le passé, une société dont l'économie
monétaire et dépendante du marché assure aux villageois un niveau
de vie élevé. La présence de l'argent permet aux Trikerioles de faire
face à la pression de la modernité. Multiples objets, signes de moder­
nité, s’intégrent actuellement dans les anciens codes de distribution de
prestige. Mais l'impact des images du monde extérieur introduites par
les mass media s'amplifie. Le marin n’est plus un mari idéal pour les
jeunes femmes, ce qui fait naître une tendance à l'exogamie.
Parallèlement, le déplacement de quelques familles à Volos qui vont
assister leurs fils durant leurs études techniques, de même que la con­
struction d’une route vers les autres villages du Pélion. qui brisera
l'isolement de Trikeri, renforcent la tendance à l'ouverture et
préparent la destabilisation de cette société.
De la soumission a la dependance: Le statut de la femme dans un village du Pelion
Authors: Handman Marie-Elisabeth
Published: February 2016

Pouri est un village du Pélion resté longtemps à l'écart de la ville et de
la région. Fondé vers le milieu du XV11le siècle, il a connu l'histoire
heurtée des villages accueillant des migrations successives. Les
transformations qu'il a subies (passage du métayage ou du salariat de
fabrique au faire-valoir direct, mécanisation des travaux agraires) se
sont toujours faits aux dépens des femmes. Leur situation d'in­
fériorité ne leur permet pas de tirer un profit immédiat des progrès
économiques et techniques: elles en paient au contraire le coût soit
par un surcroît de travail (1920 1955), soit par un isolement renforcé
( 1960-19701, soit aujourd'hui par la distorsion entre leurs aspirations
(mener la vie des femmes des villes au foyer) et leur existence
villageoise faite d'ennui et de désillusions. Car si la mécanisation les a
libérées de ce quelles appellent l’«esclavage», c'est à dire de la charge
quasi insupportable de travail, elle ne leur a en rien offert les moyens
de devenir autonomes, maîtresses d'elles-mêmes. Elles ne souhaitent
d'ailleurs pas le devenir tant elles ont intériorisé leur dépendance
qu'elles considèrent comme une nécessité naturelle.
Contemporary Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cotter Katherine , Konety Badrinath , Ordonez Maria A.
Published: February 2016

Prostate cancer represents a spectrum ranging from low-grade, localized tumors to devastating metastatic disease. We discuss the general options for treatment and recent developments in the field.
Price Reactions to Rivals’ Local Channel Exits
Authors: Ozturk O. Cem , Venkataraman Sriram , Chintagunta Pradeep K.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we study the effect of a firm’s local channel exits on prices charged by incumbents remaining in the marketplace. Exits could result in higher prices due to tempered competition or lower prices due to reduced colocation or agglomeration benefits. The net effect of these two countervailing forces remains unknown. In addition, little is known about how this effect could change depending on incumbents’ geographic locations. We address this research gap by examining new car price reactions by incumbent multiproduct automobile dealerships who experience the exit of a Chrysler dealership in their local markets. We find evidence that the competition effect exceeds the colocation effect: prices increase by about 1% ($318) following an exit relative to the price change in the absence of an exit. More important, we find that the price increase is lower at dealerships more proximate to the exiting dealership than dealerships farther away for the same set of cars available across these locations. This finding suggests differences in the extent of the two forces (competition and agglomeration) at different distances from the closed dealership. We assess the generalizability of our results by looking at the impact of GM’s closure of Pontiac dealerships. Taken together, our results inform consumers, firms, and policymakers about possible implications of an exit.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0952.
Optimal Price/Lead-Time Menus for Queues with Customer Choice: Segmentation, Pooling, and Strategic Delay
Authors: Afèche Philipp , Pavlin J. Michael
Published: February 2016

How should a firm design a price/lead-time menu and scheduling policy to maximize revenues from heterogeneous time-sensitive customers with private information about their preferences? We consider a queueing system with multiple customer types that differ in their valuations for instant delivery and their delay costs. The distinctive feature of our model is that the ranking of customer preferences depends on lead times: patient customers are willing to pay more than impatient customers for long lead times, and vice versa for speedier service. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of the capacity, the market size, and the properties of the valuation-delay cost distribution, for three features of the optimal menu and segmentation: pricing out the middle of the delay cost spectrum while serving both ends, pooling types with different delay costs into a single class, and strategic delay to deliberately inflate lead times.

This paper was accepted by Assaf Zeevi, stochastic models and simulation.
Gain Without Pain: The Extended Effects of a Behavioral Health Intervention
Authors: Mochon Daniel , Schwartz Janet , Maroba Josiase , Patel Deepak , Ariely Dan
Published: February 2016

We examine the extended effects of an incentive-based behavioral health intervention designed to improve nutrition behavior. Although the intervention successfully improved the target behavior, less is known about any spillovers, positive or negative, that impacted the program’s net benefit. This novel examination presents an opportunity to advance our knowledge of this important question, particularly because many theories predict that balancing behaviors in other domains (e.g., reduced exercise) can occur. Our results show a positive and long-lasting persistence effect for the treatment group, even after the incentive was removed. Moreover, we observe no negative spillover effects into related domains such as exercise, and no negative impact on customer loyalty. These results support the use of incentive-based interventions and highlight the importance, for both theory and practice, of examining their extended effects.

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
The Role of Sales Agents in Information Disclosure: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Allcott Hunt , Sweeney Richard L.
Published: February 2016

With a large nationwide retailer, we run a natural field experiment to measure the effects of energy use information disclosure, customer rebates, and sales agent incentives on demand for energy-efficient durable goods. Although a combination of large rebates plus sales incentives substantially increases market share, information and sales incentives alone each have zero statistical effect and explain at most a small fraction of the low baseline market share. Sales agents strategically comply only partially with the experiment, targeting information to more interested consumers but not discussing energy efficiency with the disinterested majority. These results suggest that seller-provided information is not a major barrier to energy-efficiency investments at current prices in this context.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2327 .

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Medical emergencies in the dental practice
Authors: Jevon Phil
Published: February 2016

The recently updated medical emergencies in the dental practice poster is designed as an aid memoire to assist dental staff to safely and effectively manage medical emergencies occurring in their workplace This article provides an overview to the updated poster
Becoming an oral health educator: the real story
Authors: Lloyd Lucy Alice
Published: February 2016

In this article, Alice Lucy Lloyd describes her journey of becoming an oral health educator, and details what the qualification entails
Confidence in confidentiality
Authors: Wassif Hoda
Published: February 2016

Being aware of your patients’ confidential information does not just mean their medical details, as Hoda Wassif explains
First impressions count: how to take a primary impression
Authors: Field James
Published: February 2016

This article explains the importance of the primary impression, while describing the important and necessary clinical stages involved in making an impression of the complete and partial dentition
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Alison B McKenzie
Published: February 2016

Poor posture, repetitive movements and working at a fast past without adequate breaks are some of the causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Symptoms present as nerve, muscle and joint pain. Lower back pain is the most common problem in the dental health care profession
What do you think of us so far? Obtaining patient feedback
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: February 2016

The experience of your patients is critical to improving your performance, but how do you get them to mark your scorecard?
As representações sociais e as motivações para adoção de pretendentes brasileiros à adoção
Authors: Giacomozzi Andréia Isabel , Nicoletti Marcela , Godinho Eliete Machado
Published: February 2016

Realizou‑se estudo quantitativo, qualitativo e descritivo com 84 pessoas pretendentes à adoção em uma comarca do sul do Brasil, objetivando investigar tanto as representações sociais da adoção, como a motivação para adoção e o perfil das crianças desejadas pelos pretendentes. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio dos softwares SPSS e SPAD. O grupo apresentou representação social da adoção como sendo um ato de amor, enquanto as motivações observadas evidenciaram que as pessoas adotam porque não podem ter filhos biológicos ou porque querem fazer caridade. A análise fatorial de correspondência colocou homens e mulheres em polos opostos tanto nas representações sociais da adoção, quanto nas motivações para adoção.
Suction Potential and Water Absorption from Periodic Channels in Different Types of Homogeneous Soils
Authors: Solekhudin I. , Ang K. C.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, problems involving infiltration from periodic identical trapezoidal channels into homogeneous soils with root water uptake are considered. The governing equation of infiltration through soil is transformed to a modified Helmholtz equation using Kirchoff transformation with dimensionless variables. A DRBEM with a predictor-corrector scheme is employed to obtain numerical solutions to the modified Helmholtz equation. The proposed method is used to solve infiltration problems in three different types of soil. Results are shown to be physically meaningful. 
Solving the complete-electrode direct model of ERT using the boundary element method and the method of fundamental solutions
Authors: Dyhoum T. E. , Lesnic D. , Aykroyd R. G.
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses solving the forward problem for electrical resistance tomography (ERT). The mathematical model is governed by Laplace's equation with the most general boundary conditions forming the so-called complete electrode model (CEM). We examine this problem in simply-connected and multiply - connected domains (rigid inclusion, cavity and composite bi-material). This direct problem is solved numerically using the boundary element method (BEM) and the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). The resulting BEM and MFS solutions are compared in terms of accuracy, convergence and stability. Anticipating the findings, we report that the BEM provides a convergent and stable solution, whilst the MFS places some restrictions on the number and location of the source points.