bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Cyclized Polyacrylonitrile Coating: Key to Stabilizing Porous High‐Entropy Oxide Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hong Chang , Tao Runming , Tan Susheng , Pressley Lucas A. , Bridges Craig A. , Li Hui‐Ying , Liu Xiaolang , Li Haifeng , Li Jianlin , Yuan Huiyu , Sun Xiao‐Guang , Liang Jiyuan
Published: August 2024

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs) composed of multiple metal elements have attracted great attention as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the synergistic effects of various metal species. However, the practical applications of HEOs are still plagued by poor conductivity, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and poor cycling stability. Herein, nanosized (FeCoNiCrMn)3O4 HEO (NHEO) is prepared successfully by the NaCl‐assisted mechanical ball‐milling strategy. Novelly, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is used as the binder and then in situ thermochemically cyclized to construct a cyclized PAN (cPAN) outer layer onto NHEO (NHEO‐cPAN). The in situ formed cPAN coating not only improves the electrical conductivity, but also reinforces the structural and interfacial stability, and thereby, the resulted NHEO‐cPAN electrode exhibits significantly enhanced rate and cyclic performance. Specifically, NHEO‐PAN500 electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 560 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and a high‐capacity retention of 83% over 800 cycles at 3 A g−1. Furthermore, the structural evolution and electrochemical behavior of NHEO‐PAN electrode during discharge/charge is systematically investigated by operando X‐ray diffraction, in situ impedance spectroscopy and ex situ high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, this work provides new insights into the engineering of electrode and interphase for high‐performance HEO electrode materials, potentially enlightening the practical applications of HEO‐based LIBs.
Impregnate Carbonation: CO2‐Guided In Situ Growth of Robust Superhydrophobic Structures on Concrete Surfaces
Authors: Jiang Long , Ma Zihan , Gu Zhenjiang , Shen Peiliang , Tao Yong , Li Weihua , Poon Chi‐Sun
Published: August 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces applying on concrete can greatly improve the durability of concrete by preventing the damage from water. However, traditional design of superhydrophobic concrete surfaces by external coating encounters to problems of flaking and poor surface robustness, while that by adding hydrophobic agents or particles faces the challenges of strength damage of concrete. Drawing inspiration from the carbonation phenomenon of concrete, here a new design of in situ growing superhydrophobic structures on concrete is proposed: The concrete sample is impregnated into Mg2+‐containing silane–water system with continuous CO2 injection. The contact angle of the concrete surface achieves 171.9° without obvious strength decrease after 120 min, which are mainly attributed to the formation of CaxMg1−xCO3 crystals with micro‐nano‐structures and the reduction of carbonates surface energy by silane. This superhydrophobic concrete structure can be divided into a superhydrophobic–hydrophobic–hydrophilic three layers structure, providing the stable water‐proof protection under mechanical fatigue, capillary water absorption, UV aging, sulfate attack, and impurity water impact tests due to the in situ growing robust superhydrophobic structures. Furthermore, it captures 29.80 g m−2 CO2 during the reaction process, providing new insights for the design and preparation of eco‐friendly superhydrophobic concrete.
High‐Performance Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Photovoltaics Enabled by Robust Silver Nanowires/S‐PH1000 Hybrid Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Zheng Xiangjun , Chen Tianyi , Zhang Sen , Zhou Ying , Wang Mengting , Chen Tingjun , Wang Yiming , Bi ZhaoZhao , Fu Weifei , Du Miao , Ma Wei , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng
Published: August 2024

Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (is‐OPVs) hold significant promise for integration into self‐powered wearable electronics. However, their potential is hindered by the lack of sufficient consistency between optoelectronic and mechanical properties. This is primarily due to the limited availability of stretchable transparent electrodes (STEs) that possess both high conductivity and stretchability. Here, a hybrid STE with exceptional conductivity, stretchability, and thermal stability is presented. Specifically, STEs are composed of the modified PH1000 (referred to as S‐PH1000) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The S‐PH1000 endows the STE with good stretchability and smoothens the surface, while the AgNWs enhance the charge transport. The resulting hybrid STEs enable is‐OPVs to a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.32%, positioning them among the top‐performing is‐OPVs. With 10% elastomer, the devices retain 82% of the initial PCE after 500 cycles at 20% strain. Additionally, OPVs equipped with these STEs exhibit superior thermal stability compared to those using indium tin oxide electrodes, maintaining 75% of the initial PCE after annealing at 85 °C for 390 h. The findings underscore the suitability of the designed hybrid electrodes for efficient and stable is‐OPVs, offering a promising avenue for the future application of OPVs.
Enriched Oxygen Coverage Localized within Ir Atomic Grids for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lin Hao Yang , Yang Qian Qian , Lin Miao Yu , Xu Hao Guan , Tang Xuan , Fu Huai Qin , Wu Haoran , Zhu Minghui , Zhou Lihui , Yuan Hai Yang , Dai Sheng , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui
Published: August 2024

Inefficient active site utilization of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts have limited the energy efficiency of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. Here, an atomic grid structure is demonstrated composed of high‐density Ir sites (≈10 atoms per nm2) on reactive MnO2–x support which mediates oxygen coverage‐enhanced OER process. Experimental characterizations verify the low‐valent Mn species with decreased oxygen coordination in MnO2–x exert a pivotal impact in the enriched oxygen coverage on the surface during OER process, and the distributed Ir atomic grids, where highly electrophilic Ir─O(II‐δ)− bonds proceed rapidly, render intense nucleophilic attack of oxygen radicals. Thereby, this metal‐support cooperation achieves ultra‐low overpotentials of 166 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 283 mV at 500 mA cm−2, together with a striking mass activity which is 380 times higher than commercial IrO2 at 1.53 V. Moreover, its high OER performance also markedly surpasses the commercial Ir black catalyst in PEM electrolyzers with long‐term stability.
Harnessing Radicals: Advances in Self‐Assembly and Molecular Machinery
Authors: Lee Christopher Keith , Gangadharappa Chandrasekhar , Fahrenbach Albert C. , Kim Dong Jun
Published: August 2024

Radicals, with their unpaired electrons, exhibit unique chemical and physical properties that have long intrigued chemists. Despite early skepticism about their stability, the discovery of persistent radicals has opened new possibilities for molecular interactions. This review examines the mechanisms and applications of radically driven self‐assembly, focusing on key motifs such as naphthalene diimides, tetrathiafulvalenes, and viologens, which serve as models for radical assembly. The potential of radical interactions in the development of artificial molecular machines (AMMs) are also discussed. These AMMs, powered by radical‐radical interactions, represent significant advancements in non‐equilibrium chemistry, mimicking the functionalities of biological systems. From molecular switches to ratchets and pumps, the versatility and unique properties of radically powered AMMs are highlighted. Additionally, the applications of radical assembly in materials science are explored, particularly in creating smart materials with redox‐responsive properties. The review concludes by comparing AMMs to biological molecular machines, offering insights into future directions. This overview underscores the impact of radical chemistry on molecular assembly and its promising applications in both synthetic and biological systems.
General method to synthesize aggregation‐induced emission molecules via carbon‐sulfur bond activation
Authors: Ma Bowei , Liang Xinyu , Xu Gu , Zhang Guanghao , Zhao Lutang , Ma Liangzhuo , Xie Wenbin , Li Xiang , Shi Qinqin , Wen Kaikai , Huang Hui
Published: August 2024

Poly‐substituted olefins, one of the most important aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), have garnered significant attention due to their various applications in chemical‐ and bio‐sensing, bio‐imaging, and opto‐electronics. However, the synthetic methods for these olefins remain limited, impeding the progress of AIEgens. This study introduces an unprecedented cross‐coupling reaction between aryl sulfonium triflates and tosylhydrazones from naturally abundant thioethers and ketones. The generality of this method is exemplified by the facile synthesis of over forty poly‐substituted olefins. Importantly, the luminescent properties of these AIEgens (e.g., quantum yield and emission color) can be easily tuned by adjusting the substituents of the electrophile and nucleophile substrates, exhibiting excellent performance in bio‐imaging. Notably, the mechanistic studies reveal the critical role of β‐H elimination in the formation of the double bond. This contribution provides an efficient method to synthesize poly‐substituted olefins, pushing forward the development of AIEgens.
Thiol treatment tunes interfacial wettability for electrochemical alkynol semi‐hydrogenation
Authors: Zha Xingzhou , Zhao Yuan , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong
Published: August 2024

Electrocatalytic semi‐hydrogenation of alkynols holds tremendous advantages over conventional thermocatalysis process. However, the selectivity‐activity seesaw effect is a principal obstacle to its further development. Inspired by interfacial self‐assembled monolayers, alkanethiols with different alkyl chain lengths are employed to modify the Cu surface for controllably modulating the activity and selectivity in the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynols. 1‐dodecanethiol‐modified Cu nanowires (Cu NWs) exhibit the optimal electrosynthesis of 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol with excellent specific selectivity (above 93%) in the semi‐hydrogenation of 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol. Mechanistic studies reveal that the proportion of liquid‐like water increases while the proportion of isolated water reduces at the hydrophobic interface. Moreover, we assemble a larger 3 × 100 cm2 electrolyzer stack, which can deliver a single‐pass alkynol conversion rate of 95% and an excellent alkenol selectivity of 94% at a 15 A stack current. Eventually, the Cu NWs catalyst with thiol treatment is also applicable to the semi‐hydrogenation of various unsaturated alkynols.
Pan‐Canadian estimates of the prevalence and risks associated with critical wandering among home care clients
Authors: Cruz Antonio Miguel , Perez Hector , Jantzi Micaela , Liu Lili , Hirdes John P.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

We used clinical assessment records to provide pan‐Canadian estimates of the prevalence and risks associated with recent (within the last 3 days) critical wandering among home care clients, with and without dementia.

METHODS

The data source is interRAI Home Care (interRAI HC) assessments. The population was all long‐stay home care clients assessed between 2004 and 2021 in seven Canadian provinces and territories (N = 1,598,191). We tested associations between wandering and cognition and dementia diagnoses using chi‐square tests and logistic regression.

RESULTS

Approximately 84% of the sample was over the age of 65. The overall rate of recent wandering was 3.0%. Dementia diagnosis was strongly associated with two to four times higher rates in the prevalence of recent critical wandering.

DISCUSSION

InterRAI HC offers insights into the wandering risk of home care clients. This information should be used to manage risks in the community and could be shared with first responders.

Highlights

In all the study regions combined, the rate of recent wandering is 3.0%.

Dementia was associated with 18 times greater prevalence of recent critical wandering.

Home care clients at risk of wandering have complex clinical profiles that pose important risks for their health and well‐being.

Collaboration and information sharing between search and rescue and health professions is essential for managing risks related to critical wandering.
Population‐Based Evidence for the Use of Serum Neurofilaments as Individual Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Witzel Simon , Huss André , Nagel Gabriele , Rosenbohm Angela , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Peter Raphael S. , Bäzner Hansjörg , Börtlein Axel , Dempewolf Silke , Schabet Martin , Hecht Martin , Kohler Andreas , Opherk Christian , Naegele Andrea , Sommer Norbert , Lindner Alfred , Alexudis Christoforos , Bachhuber Franziska , Halbgebauer Steffen , Brenner David , Ruf Wolfgang , Weiland Ulrike , Mayer Benjamin , Schuster Joachim , Dorst Johannes , Tumani Hayrettin , Ludolph Albert C. ,   and the ALS Registry Swabia Study Group
Published: August 2024

Objective

Neurofilament light chains (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chains (pNfH), established as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in hospital‐based amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cohorts, are now surrogate markers in clinical trials. This study extends their evaluation to a population level, with the aim of advancing their full establishment and assessing the transferability of biomarker findings from controlled cohorts to real‐world ALS populations.

Methods

We measured serum NfL and pNfH levels in all ALS patients (n = 790) and general population controls (n = 570) with available baseline samples participating in the epidemiological ALS Registry Swabia, providing platform‐specific (ELLA™) reference data and Z‐scores for controls, as well as reference data, disease‐specific Z‐scores and longitudinal data in ALS. We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic utility of neurofilaments and quantified the impact of ALS‐related factors and non‐ALS confounders.

Results

Neurofilaments showed high diagnostic and prognostic utility at the population level, with NfL superior to pNfH. The novel concept of a population‐based ALS Z‐score significantly improved the prognostic utility compared to absolute raw values. Both biomarkers increased more strongly with age in controls than in ALS, and age adjustment improved diagnostic accuracy. Our data show that disease progression rates, ALS phenotype, body mass index (BMI), and renal function need to be considered when interpreting neurofilament levels; longitudinal neurofilament levels were generally stable in individual patients, especially when adjusted for age and baseline levels.

Interpretation

Population‐based assessment enhances the utility of particularly serum NfL as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ALS and improves the translation of findings from controlled cohorts to real‐world populations. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1040–1057
Understanding the Role of Spin State in Cobalt Oxyhydroxides for Water Oxidation
Authors: Jia Hongnan , Yao Na , Liao Zhichang , Wu Liqing , Zhu Juan , Lao Yunhao , Luo Wei
Published: August 2024

Although the electronic state of catalysts is strongly corrected with their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances, understanding the role of spin state in dynamic electronic structure evolution during OER process is still challenging. Herein, we developed a spin state regulation strategy to boost the OER performance of CoOOH through elemental doping (CoMOOH, M=V, Cr, Mn, Co and Cu). Experimental results including magnetic characterization, in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman and density functional theory calculations unveil that Mn doping could successfully increase the Co sites from low spin state to intermediate spin state, leading to the largest lattice distortion and smallest energy gap between dxy and dz2 orbitals among the obtained CoMOOH electrocatalysts. Benefiting from the promoted electron transfer from dxy to dz2 orbital, facilitated formation of active high‐valent *O−Co(IV) species at applied potential, and reduced energy barrier of rate‐determining step, the CoMnOOH exhibits the highest OER performance. Our work provides significant insight into the correction between dynamic electronic structure evolution and OER performance by understanding the role of spin state regulation in metal oxyhydroxides, paving a new avenue for rational design of high‐activity electrocatalysts.
Complex Dance of Molecules in the Sky: Choreography of Intermolecular Structure and Dynamics in the Cyclopentene−CO2−H2O Hetero Ternary Cluster
Authors: Tian Xiao , Lei Juncheng , Gao Tianyue , Zou Siyu , Wang Xiujuan , Li Meiyue , Wang Chenxu , Chen Junhua , Grabow Jens‐Uwe , Jäger Wolfgang , Gou Qian
Published: August 2024

This study delves into driving forces behind the formation of a hetero ternary cluster consisting of volatile organic compounds from industrial or combustion sources, specifically cyclopentene, alongside greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, and water vapor. While substantial progress has been made in understanding binary complexes, the structural intricacies of hetero ternary clusters remain largely uncharted. Our research characterized the cyclopentene−CO2−H2O hetero ternary cluster utilizing Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The observed isomer in the pulsed jet has CO2 and H2O aligning above the cyclopentene ring, with water undergoing an internal rotation approximately about its C2 symmetry axis. Theoretical analyses support these observations, identifying an O−H⋅⋅⋅π hydrogen bond and a secondary C⋅⋅⋅O tetrel bond within this cluster. This study marks a critical step towards comprehending the molecular dynamics and interactions of VOCs, greenhouse gases, and water in the atmosphere, paving the way for further investigations into their roles in climate dynamics and air quality.
Perfect Is Perfect: Nickel Prussian Blue Analogue as A High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Xi Yamin , Xiang Yitong , Zhang Chaoqi , Bao Tong , Zou Yingying , Zou Jin , Wei Guangfeng , Wang Lei , Xu Hongyi , Yu Chengzhong , Liu Chao
Published: August 2024

Prussian blue analogues (PBA) are a large family of functional materials with diverse applications such as in electrochemical fields. However, their use in the emerging two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction for clean production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is lagging. Herein, a general solvent exchange induced reconstruction strategy is demonstrated, through which an abnormal NiNi‐PBA superstructure is synthesized as a high‐performance electrocatalyst for H2O2 generation. The resultant NiNi‐PBA superstructure has a stoichiometric composition with saturated lattice water, and a leaf‐like morphology composed of interconnected small‐size nanosheets with identical orientation and predominate {210} side surface exposure. Our studies show that the Ni−N centers on {210} facets are the active sites, and the saturated lattice H2O favors a six‐coordinated environment that results in high selectivity. The “perfect” structure including stoichiometric composition and ideal facet exposure leads to a high selectivity of ~100 % and H2O2 yield of 5.7 mol g−1 h−1, superior to the reported MOF‐based electrocatalysts and most other electrocatalysts.
Do Political Relations Colour Chinaʼs Trade With Southeast Asian Partners? A Vector Autoregression Approach
Authors: Harrington Brandon
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates whether and how export growth to China varies following shocks in bilateral political relations between China and six Southeast Asian countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam—between 2000 and 2019. High‐frequency news data is used to quantify bilateral political relations between each of the six countries and China. Then, a net cooperation index, plus separate indices of political cooperation and conflict, are placed in an augmented gravity model of trade situated in a vector autoregression framework alongside real exchange rate and industrial production variables to examine the short‐ (months) and long‐run (years) effects of shocks to bilateral political relations on each countryʼs exports growth to China. The results reveal that political relations with China played a role in Thailandʼs and Vietnamʼs exports growth to China but not in Indonesiaʼs, Malaysiaʼs, the Philippinesʼ and Singaporeʼs, and contribute new findings to the literature on politics and trade. Code and data for the analysis is available at: https://github.com/tradepolsrepository/tradepols.git.
Bilingualism and second‐order theory of mind development in autistic children over time: Longitudinal relations with language, executive functions, and intelligence
Authors: Peristeri Eleni , Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria , Durrleman Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Theory of Mind has long been studied as a core weakness in autism spectrum disorder due to its relationship with social reciprocity, while bilingualism has been shown to compensate for autistic individuals' mentalizing weaknesses. However, our knowledge of the Theory of Mind developmental trajectories of bilingual and monolingual autistic children, as well as of the factors related to Theory of Mind development in autism spectrum disorder is still limited. The current study has examined first‐ and second‐order Theory of Mind skills in 21 monolingual and 21 bilingual autistic children longitudinally across three time points, specifically at ages 6, 9, and 12, and also investigated associations between Theory of Mind trajectories and trajectories of the children's language, intelligence and executive function skills. The results reveal that bilingual autistic children outperformed their monolingual peers in second‐order Theory of Mind at ages 9 and 12, and that intelligence and, especially, expressive vocabulary skills played a pivotal role in advancing bilingual autistic children's second‐order Theory of Mind development. On the other hand, monolingual autistic children only managed to capitalize on their language and intelligence resources at age 12. The findings highlight the importance of investigating bilingualism effects on autistic children's advanced cognitive abilities longitudinally.
Multidose transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 cells modulates recombinant adeno‐associated virus2/5 Rep protein expression and influences the enrichment fraction of filled capsids
Authors: Srinivasan Prasanna , Canova Christopher T. , Sha Sha , Nguyen Tam N. T. , Joseph John , Sangerman Jose , Maloney Andrew J. , Katsikis Georgios , Ou Rui Wen , Hong Moo Sun , Ng Jaclyn , Yuan Arella , Antov Daniel , Song Sally , Chen Wenyu , Neufeld Caleb , Wolfrum Jacqueline M. , Barone Paul W. , Sinskey Anthony J. , Springs Stacy L. , Braatz Richard D.
Published: August 2024

Recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) is a commonly used in vivo gene therapy vector because of its nonpathogenicity, long‐term transgene expression, broad tropism, and ability to transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. However, rAAV vector production via transient transfection of mammalian cells typically yields a low fraction of filled‐to‐total capsids (~1%–30% of total capsids produced). Analysis of our previously developed mechanistic model for rAAV2/5 production attributed these low fill fractions to a poorly coordinated timeline between capsid synthesis and viral DNA replication and the repression of later phase capsid formation by Rep proteins. Here, we extend the model by quantifying the expression dynamics of total Rep proteins and their influence on the key steps of rAAV2/5 production using a multiple dosing transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. We report that the availability of preformed empty capsids and viral DNA copies per cell are not limiting to the capsid‐filling reaction. However, optimal expression of Rep proteins (<240 ± 13 ag per cell) enables enrichment of the filled capsid population (>12% of total capsids/cell) upstream. Our analysis suggests increased enrichment of filled capsids via regulating the expression of Rep proteins is possible but at the expense of per cell capsid titer in a triple plasmid transfection. Our study reveals an intrinsic limitation of scaling rAAV2/5 vector genome (vg) production and underscores the need for approaches that allow for regulating the expression of Rep proteins to maximize vg titer per cell upstream.
Competency‐based TPACK approaches to computational thinking and integrated STEM: A conceptual exploration
Authors: Dolgopolovas Vladimiras , Dagiene Valentina
Published: August 2024

In this conceptual study, we explore the incorporation of computational thinking (CT) within integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, aiming to enhance the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework for teacher professional development. Despite the fundamental role of mathematics in K‐16 and engineering education, its theoretical and practical dimensions in a transdisciplinary STEM context and its interlinks with CT remain underexplored. This gap extends to the professional development of teachers in research‐oriented STEM environments, which presents significant challenges. The study aims to address these issues by repositioning cognitive‐adaptive competencies such as CT and design thinking (DT) as a crucial enabler for STEM teacher professional competency, advocating for a move beyond normative approaches. We comprehensively analyze the integration efforts of CT in STEM, which often rely on declarative definitions without substantive practical implications. The study poses questions on (1) how CT can be effectively integrated into STEM, (2) the characteristics of the normative‐adaptive model for teacher education, and (3) the development of a conceptual educational framework focused on mathematical modeling, simulation design, and student engagement in research. Drawing on innovative educational practices, we scrutinize the integration of CT and DT through examples from mathematics, emphasizing the importance of developing computational models and algorithms. Ultimately, we propose a competency‐centered normative‐adaptive‐context aware model of STEM integration (NACAMS)‐TPACK model that enhances the classical TPACK framework by interlinking computational, design, and general pedagogical competencies. This study is particularly relevant for educators, policymakers, and researchers involved in K‐16 STEM and engineering education.
Synthesis, Evaluation and Docking Studies of Disubstituted N‐Heterocyclic Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Gopireddy Sreenivasulu Reddy , Panwar Vivek , Sarkar Ankan , Jain Manish , Tejaswini Kothapalli Bannoth , Chandrasekhar Kothapalli Bannoth , Kumar Deepak
Published: August 2024

Cancer is a chronic disease reported with alarming rates of mortalities every year. Herein, we reported the synthesis of nitrogen based novel heterocyclic disubstituted derivatives and evaluated them against L929 and A549 cell lines using MTT assay. Among all, 6a2 and 6c1 were significantly active against L929 with IC50 value of 2.61±9.58 and 2.64±8.97 μg/mL respectively. Compounds 6a2 and 6c1 were also active against A549 with IC50 value of 2.36±9.20 and 2.43±6.28 μg/mL respectively and were found to be more potent than the standard drug Doxorubicin. A molecular docking study of the active compounds was also done against EGFR, conferring good binding affinity and binding interactions. Further biological investigations may provide valuable insights towards exploring the therapeutic potential of the active compounds in future.
Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Liquefaction Process with Ortho‐Para Conversion and Boil‐Off Gas Recovery
Authors: Wen Jian , Xie Haolin , Zhao Xin , Li Ke
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen liquefaction is essential for the efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen. In the liquefaction process, catalytic ortho‐para conversion is crucial to achieve a product with at least 95 % para‐hydrogen to reduce boil‐off losses. The proposed hydrogen liquefaction process using a catalyst‐filled heat exchanger for continuous ortho‐para conversion is modeled through steady‐state thermal simulations in Aspen HYSYS. Additionally, an ejector is integrated to reliquefy boil‐off gas. The proposed design achieves a specific energy consumption (SEC) of 10.50 kWh ()−1 and an exergy efficiency (EXE) of 30.1 %, which is 18 % lower in SEC compared to processes with separate converters. The integrated approach enhances energy utilization and offers references for future hydrogen liquefiers.
Visible Light Promoted de Mayo Type Reaction of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Yang Chunming , Hu Minmin , Hu Chaoqin , Mi Xueling , Luo Sanzhong
Published: August 2024

We reported herein a visible light mediated de Mayo‐type reaction between 1,3‐diketones and BCB. The reaction proceeds through a [2π+2σ] cycloaddition and retro‐aldol sequence, producing cis‐difunctionalized cyclobutanes in high yields with good regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
Constructing Dual‐Phase Co9S8‐CoMo2S4 Heterostructure as an Efficient Trifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction, Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Chen Yuqing , Qiao Shanshan , Zhao Jing , Zhao Wenlong , Wei Yike , Tang Yanhong , Liu Chengbin
Published: August 2024

Designing robust, efficient and inexpensive trifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significant for rechargeable zinc‐air batteries and water‐splitting devices. To this end, constructing heterogenous structures based on transition metals stands out as an effective strategy. Herein, a dual‐phase Co9S8‐CoMo2S4 heterostructure grown on porous N, S‐codoped carbon substrate (Co9S8‐CoMo2S4/NSC) via a one‐pot synthesis is investigated as the trifunctional ORR/OER/HER electrocatalyst. The optimized Co9S8‐CoMo2S4/NSC2 exhibits that ORR has a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V (vs. RHE) and the overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER are 280 and 89 mV, respectively, superior to most transition‐metal based trifunctional electrocatalysts reported to date. The Co9S8‐CoMo2S4/NSC2‐based zinc‐air battery (ZAB) has a high open‐circuit voltage (1.41 V), large capacity (804 mAh g−1) and highly stable cyclability (97 h at 10 mA cm−2). In addition, the prepared Co9S8‐CoMo2S4/NSC2‐based ZAB in series can self‐drive the corresponding water‐splitting device. The dual‐phase Co9S8‐CoMo2S4 heterostructure provides not only multi‐type active sites to drive the ORR, OER and HER, but also high‐speed charge transfer channels between two phases to improve the synergistic effect and reaction kinetics.
Floating Photothermal Hydrogen Production
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhao Heng , Yu Xinti , Zou Haiyan , Hu Jinguang , Chen Zhangxing
Published: August 2024

Solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) is emerging as a promising approach for energy storage and conversion to contribute to carbon neutrality. The lack of efficient catalysts and sustainable reaction systems is stimulating the fast development of photothermal hydrogen production based on floating carriers to achieve unprecedented STH efficiency. This technology involves three major components: floating carriers with hierarchically porous structures, photothermal materials for solar‐to‐heat conversion and photocatalysts for hydrogen production. Under solar irradiation, the floating photothermal system realizes steam generation which quickly diffuses to the active site for sustainable hydrogen generation with the assistance of a hierarchically porous structure. Additionally, this technology is endowed with advantages in the high utilization of solar energy and catalyst retention, making it suitable for various scenarios, including domestic water supply, wastewater treatment, and desalination. A comprehensive overview of the photothermal hydrogen production system is present due to the economic feasibility for industrial application. The in‐depth mechanism of a floating photothermal system, including the solar‐to‐heat effect, steam diffusion, and triple‐phase interaction are highlighted by elucidating the logical relationship among buoyant carriers, photothermal materials, and catalysts for hydrogen production. Finally, the challenges and new opportunities facing current photothermal catalytic hydrogen production systems are analyzed.
Integrated Carbon Layer and CoNiP Cocatalyst on SnWO4 Film for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Qiu Weixin , Li Wenzhang , Zhou Ting , He Gaoshuang , Liu Canjun , He Wenhao , Gan Lei , Liu Jianye , Li Jie , Wu Qing , Liu Yang
Published: August 2024

α‐SnWO4 is a promising semiconductor for solar water splitting, however, its performance is limited by weak water oxidation and poor charge transfer. In this study, we employ a vapor deposition method to uniformly implement a carbon layer onto the surface of SnWO4 coupled with a CoNiP cocatalyst, successfully constructing the integrated CoNiP/C/SnWO4 film photoanode and alleviating the oxidation of Sn2+ when loading electrocatalyst. Incorporating the carbon layer enhances the interface charge conduction behavior between the SnWO4 substrate and the CoNiP cocatalyst, thereby mitigating charge recombination. The synergistic interplay between the carbon layer and CoNiP leads to a remarkable achievement, as evidenced by the photocurrent of 1.72 mA cm−2 (1.23 V vs. RHE) observed for SnWO4 film measured in 0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer solution. In this work, we demonstrate the viability of tailoring SnWO4 photoanode and provide valuable insights for prospective advancements in modifying SnWO4 photoanode.
Chromium‐Mediated Dearomative Allylic Addition to Arenes
Authors: Zeng Wei‐Long , Yuan Yu‐Fei , Wang Ming‐Yang , Li Wei
Published: August 2024

In comparison with the well‐established allylic additions to C=O, C=N, and C=C double bonds, the dearomative allylic addition to arene π‐systems is heavily underdeveloped due to the severe challenge in breaking aromatic resonance stabilization. Herein, we disclose a general and efficient dearomative allylic addition to chromium‐bound arenes using allylsilanes as the pronucleophiles, thus affording convenient access to allyl‐functionalized 1,3‐cyclohexadiene building blocks. With commercially available deuterium sources, the versatility of this strategy further enables an arene dearomative 1,2‐deuteroallylation with a high level of deuterium incorporation. Finally, a preliminary try on the asymmetric dearomative hydroallylation based on a chiral auxiliary strategy is described.
Enhancing Power Production: A Novel Hydrogen‐Based Scheme With Comprehensive Analysis and AI‐Optimized Criteria
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Vahid , Saboohi Zoheir , Ommi Fathollah , Gholamian Ehsan
Published: August 2024

Despite being a cutting‐edge technology, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) generates a lot of heat as it works, which makes it wasteful with energy. In order to enhance energy efficiency via waste heat recovery, we provide and analyze a novel integrated energy system that utilizes PEMFC and ORC technology. There are a lot of ways to put the waste heat from fuel cells (FCs) to good use, but the most efficient one is the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with the right working fluid. This research aims to find the optimal way to use the waste heat of the FC by testing several working fluids. The optimal solution is derived using a genetic algorithm by monitoring the objective functions that characterize the system's overall performance as they vary across different system parameters. The results show that the proposed efficient integration achieves high energy and exergy efficiency levels and achieves rates of total cost and environmental impact that are within acceptable limits. Since the fuel usage element's content significantly affects the system indicators in several ways, the results also demonstrate that it is quite relevant. Since the exergo‐environmental metric and the exergy efficiency meter are always moving in different directions, choosing a design condition that meets several requirements is crucial. According to the results, fuel cells had the highest irreversibility rate at 12.2, making them the most energy‐conserving piece of machinery.
Comparative analyses of physicochemical and volatile flavor characteristics in hooked, trawl‐net, and radar‐net hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) muscles during long‐term cryopreservation at −18°C
Authors: Shui Shanshan , Chen Yu , Yan Hongbo , Song Jia , Liu Shucheng , Benjakul Soottawat , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2024

Chemical analysis showed that pH, b* values, myosin turbidity, carbonyl content, and surface hydrophobicity elevated in hooked, trawl‐net, and radar‐net hairtail (Trichiurus haumela, HH, TH, and RH) muscles with the prolonged cryopreservation time (‐18℃, 120 d). In contrast, L*, a* values, textural properties, and myosin solubility existed decreasing trends. Microstructural results showed that freezing resulted in disordered myofibrils, decreased collagen fibers, widened myofibrillar space, and increased fragmentation in hairtail muscles. Furthermore, volatile flavor analysis suggested that aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and amines were the key factors for the overall flavor formation in hairtails during cold storage. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed that the color, texture, and protein oxidation had close correlations with VOCs. Among the three different kinds of hairtail, fresh RH fillets exhibited an attractive aroma with high economic value, long‐term frozen TH muscle tissues were prone to deterioration in texture, microstructure, and flavor, and the HH samples presented stable quality characteristics and storage performance.
Development of active chitosan film containing bacterial cellulose nanofibers and silver nanoparticles for bread packaging
Authors: Yazdi Jalal Sadeghizadeh , Salari Mahdieh , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hasan , Bakouei Mehrasa
Published: August 2024

The objective was to develop an active chitosan‐based coating and to evaluate its effect on the shelf life and microbial safety of bread. Bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNF) and various levels (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in the chitosan (CS) film. Characterization of films was determined by analyzing WVP, ultraviolet barrier, and opacity as well as FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, and SEM. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of CS was remarkably (p < .05) decreased from 3.75 × 10−10 to 0.85 × 10−10 g/smPa when filled with BCNF and 2% AgNPs. Thermal and structural properties were enhanced in nanoparticle‐included films. Applying CS/BCNF/AgNPs coatings for bread samples demonstrated a significant improvement in moisture retention and a decrease in the hardness (from 10.2 to 7.05 N for CS and CS/BCNF/1% AgNPs coated samples, respectively). Moreover, microbial shelf life of bread sample increased from 5 to 38 days after packaging with CS/BCNF/2% AgNPs film. After a storage period of 15 days at 25°C, no fungal growth was detected in bread samples which were coated with nanocomposite suspensions containing 1% and 2% AgNPs. However, at the same condition, yeast and mold counts was 7.91 log CFU/g for control sample. In conclusion, the CS/BCNF/2% AgNPs film might have the potential for use as active packaging of bread.
Prolonged inhibition of intratumoral mast cells enhances efficacy of low‐dose antiangiogenic therapy
Authors: Berenbrok Nikolaus , Vargas‐Delgado Maria Elena , Beitzen‐Heineke Antonia , Schmidt Claudia , Gensch Victoria , Loges Sonja , Ben‐Batalla Isabel
Published: August 2024

Low‐dose antiangiogenic therapies have demonstrated the ability to enhance normalization of tumor vessels, consequently improving hypoxia levels, drug delivery, and promoting anticancer immune responses. Mast cells have been identified as contributors to resistance against antiangiogenic therapy and facilitators of abnormal neoangiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that by simultaneously targeting intratumoral mast cells with Imatinib and administering low‐dose anti‐VEGFR2 therapy, antitumor efficacy can be enhanced in preclinical models. Thus, combinatory treatment overcomes therapy resistance, while concurrently promoting tumor vessel normalization. Notably, histomorphometric analysis of tumor sections revealed that vessel perfusion could be improved through mast cell inhibition and, despite a significantly reduced microvessel density, the combination treatment did not result in elevated tumor hypoxia levels compared to anti‐VEGFR2 therapy alone. Short‐term Imatinib application effectively increased antitumor efficacy, and by prolonging the application of Imatinib tumor vessel normalization was additionally improved. The combination of mast cell depletion and antiangiogenic treatments has not been investigated in detail and promises to help overcoming therapy resistance. Further studies will be required to explore their impact on other treatment approaches, and subsequently to validate these findings in a clinical setting.
Tripokin: A multi‐specific immunocytokine for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Prodi Eleonora , Corbellari Riccardo , Ghezzi Lorenzo , Ciambellotti Silvia , Catastini Jacopo Elia , Rappuoli Marco , Rotta Giulia , Sakic Irma , Weiss Tobias , Weller Michael , Pellegrino Christian , Manz Markus G. , Neri Dario , De Luca Roberto
Published: August 2024

Antibodies that target the tumor microenvironment can be used to deliver pro‐inflammatory payloads, such as cytokines. Cytokines are small proteins able to modulate the activity of the immune system, and antibody–cytokine fusion proteins have been tested in preclinical and clinical settings. In this study, we describe Tripokin, a novel multi‐specific fusion protein that combines interleukin‐2 and a single amino acid mutant of tumor necrosis factor. The two pro‐inflammatory payloads were fused to the L19 antibody, a clinical‐grade antibody against the extradomain B of fibronectin. The human payloads were used for clinical applications, while the corresponding murine cytokines were used for preclinical studies. The resulting fusion proteins were produced in mammalian cells and purified to homogeneity. The murine Tripokin product was well tolerated in tumor‐bearing mice at three doses of 30 μg in a 2‐day interval and promoted rapid tumor eradication in murine models, more efficiently than single‐agent immunocytokines. Tripokin induced rapid tumor necrosis and stimulated a robust immune response, impacting innate and adaptive immune pathways. In addition, the combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors further boosted the therapeutic efficacy of our molecule. Tripokin represents a promising clinical candidate for the simultaneous delivery of interleukin‐2 and tumor necrosis factor to neoplastic sites.
Comparing risk factors and neonatal outcomes in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy between assisted reproductive technology and spontaneous conception
Authors: Yang Jingwei , Gao Jing , Zhou Danni , Ye Hong , Huang Guoning , Lian Xuemei , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) as well as neonatal outcomes between conception via in vitro fertilization (IVF) compared with spontaneous conception (SC) and screen the risk factors of ICP in IVF.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 4467 puerperae who conceived via IVF, and 28 336 puerperae who conceived spontaneously and linked the information from neonates. The general linear model (GLM), multivariate logistic regression analysis, a forest plot, and nomogram were used to assess impact factors and risk prediction.

Results

Logistic analysis adjusted for confounders revealed significant differences in the ICP rate of singleton delivery (4.24% vs 3.41%, adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.53, P = 0.025) and in groups with total bile acids (TBA) ≥40 and <100 μmol/L (14.77% vs 10.39%, aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06–1.63, P = 0.023) between IVF and SC. When we divided newborns into singleton and twins delivery, the GLM revealed a higher rate with Apgar score <7 (13.44% vs 3.87%, aOR = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.07–7.17, P < 0.001) and fetal distress for IVF in comparison with SC (19.32% vs 5.55%, OR = 3.48; 95% CI: 2.39–6.95, P < 0.001) in the singleton group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, body mass index (BMI) (aOR = 1.29; P = 0.031), number of embryo transfers (ET) (single ET vs double ET, aOR = 2.82; P < 0.001), E2 level on the ET day (aOR = 2.79; P = 0.011), fresh ET which compared with frozen ET (FET) (aOR = 1.45; P = 0.014), embryo stage (cleavage embryo vs blastocyst, aOR = 1.75; P = 0.009) and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) which compared with non‐OHSS (aOR = 3.73; P = 0.006) were independent predictors of ICP. These predictive factors in the logistic regression model were integrated into the nomogram (C‐index = 0.735; 95% CI: 0.702–0.764); for each patient, higher total points indicated a higher risk of ICP.

Conclusion

We observed that the ICP rate of singleton delivery was higher in IVF than in SC. In ICP patients, there were higher rates of neonatal Apgar score <7 and fetal distress in IVF than SC and found the predictors of ICP in IVF.
Prolonged hypoglycemia after the resection of pheochromocytoma in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Maezawa Yuya , Kobayashi Masaki , Murakami Masanori , Yamamura Ayumi , Naito Shotaro , Tanaka Hajime , Yoshida Soichiro , Yamada Tetsuya , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Hypoglycemia occasionally develops after the resection of pheochromocytoma due to decreased catecholamine secretion. The unique glucose metabolism in dialysis patients may potentially affect postoperative hypoglycemia, although few reports have focused on this issue.

Case presentation

A 47‐year‐old woman who had chronic renal failure under hemodialysis was diagnosed with right pheochromocytoma and underwent an adrenalectomy. Three hours after surgery, she experienced symptomatic hypoglycemia, which was repeated until postoperative day 3. Continuous glucose infusion was required until postoperative day 8 and asymptomatic hypoglycemia was repeated until postoperative day 11.

Conclusion

In hemodialysis patients, more careful management of hypoglycemia may be required after the resection of pheochromocytoma compared with non‐hemodialysis patients.
Zur Kenntnis des Rubus gracilis J. & C. Presl und nahestehender Sippen
Authors: Weber H. E.
Published: August 2024

Die Artengruppe um Rubus gracilis J. & C. Presl (= R. villicaulis Koehler ex Weihe & Nees) ist nomenklatorisch revidiert und einschlieβlich der Synonyme typisiert. Dazu gehören die Sippen R. septentrionalis W. C. R. Watson, R. insulariopsis H. E. Weber, R. stereacanthos P. J. Müller, R. nemoralis P. J. Müller, R. marssonianus H. E. Weber sp. nov. und R. langei G. Jensen ex Frid. & Gel. Die Verbreitung der Arten ist angegeben und durch exemplarische Belege dokumentiert. Nahestehende zweifelhafte und lokale Taxa sind kurz behandelt. Neu kombiniert sind R. gracilis ssp. insularis (≡ R. insularis Aresch.) sowie die auf nordischen Zwergformen basierenden Taxa R. gracilis f. parvifolius (≡ R. insularis var. parvifolius Gelert ex A. Peders. & H. E. Weber) und R. nemoralis f. microphyllus (≡ R. selmeri var. microphyllus Lindeb.). Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel der behandelten Arten ist beigefügt. Zahlreiche, lediglich auf Modifikationen basierende infraspezifische Taxa sind eingezogen.
Zum Auftreten der Achillea setacea W. et K. in Polen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des ehemaligen Schlesiens
Authors: Dąbrowska Janina
Published: August 2024

Die Angaben aus der Literatur über das Auftreten der A. setacea im ehemaligen Schlesien wurden bisher noch nicht durch Forschungen im Gelände bestätigt. Die Autorin bestätigt diese Angaben erstmals durch das Auffinden entsprechender Belege aus dem vergangenen Jahrhundert. In Polen, auβer im ehemaligen Schlesien, tritt diese Art auch aktuell auf, was auf der Punktkarte dargestellt wurde.