bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMBINATION TABLET TO TACKLE THE DRUG RESISTANCE OF ORAL CANDIDIASIS
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc-Vinh , Nguyen Bac V.G
Published: November 2024

Candida infections, particularly those caused by Candida albicans, pose significant health risks, especially due to increasing antifungal resistance. Fluconazole, a commonly used antifungal, is losing efficacy against resistant strains, necessitating new treatment strategies. This study aims to develop and evaluate tablets combining ibuprofen and fluconazole to address fluconazole-resistant candidiasis. Fluconazole and ibuprofen were formulated into tablets using wet granulation. Various excipients and superdisintegrants were tested to optimize tablet properties. The final formulation was assessed for flowability, compressibility, and quality control specifications. Antifungal susceptibility was tested in vitro against fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. The optimal tablet formulation contained 150 mg fluconazole, 50 mg ibuprofen, Avicel PH-101, PVP K30, sodium croscarmellose, and magnesium stearate. Quality control tests showed compliance with pharmacopoeia standards, including hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Antifungal testing revealed that the combination tablets-maintained activity against fluconazole-sensitive strains and exhibited significant antifungal effects against fluconazole-resistant strains, demonstrating a synergistic interaction. This study successfully developed a combination tablet of fluconazole and ibuprofen that is effective against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. The findings support the potential of this combination therapy for treating resistant candidiasis, warranting further clinical investigation.
SURVEY OF SOME OPINIONS ON THE ISSUE OF INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION OF STUDENTS AT VIETNAM SUMMER SCHOOL OF SCIENCE
Authors: Nguyen Anh Sang , Nguyen Van Trinh , Le My Huyen , Trinh Kieu Trang , Kim Minh Thuy , Nguyen Huu Nguyen , Dinh Thi Tung Lam , Huynh Pham Phuong Nghi , Nguyen Quoc Bao , Nguyen Thi Nguyet , Nguyen Van Tuan Anh
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To survey of some opinions of the group of students participating in the 11th Vietnam Summer School of Science on the issue of integrity in scientific publication. Subjects and methods: The study describes a series of cases from August 19, 2024 to August 21, 2024 on 40 students attending the course at the 11th Vietnam Summer School of Science in Quy Nhon city, Binh Dinh province. Results: Among the 40 subjects participating in the survey, there were 19 men and 21 women, with an average age of 23.65 ± 4.4 years (range 18 - 38). The number of people whose scientific works have been published accounts for 80%. The reasons believed to be the cause of integrity violations in scientific publication include: Lack of knowledge or awareness of research ethics (95%); Pressure on the number of individual publications (92.5%); Financial motivation (90%); Creating opportunities for personal advancement (80%); Commitment when receiving sponsorship sources (47.5%). Conclusion: The Vietnam Summer School of Science students participating in this survey had a clear awareness of the issue of integrity in scientific publication, especially serious violations such as data fabrication, plagiarism and self-plagiarism.
A CASE REPORT: 3D SIMULATION ASSISTED FOR TREATMENT OF COMPLEX PROXIMAL HUMERUS
Authors: Nguyen Anh Sang , Pham Chanh Trung , Tran Khoi Luan , Tran Quoc Doanh
Published: November 2024

A 65-year-old female patient had a traffic accident on August 7, 2024. After that, the patient received initial emergency care at the local medical facility and was found to have a complex proximal humerus fracture; a temporary Desault bandage was worn. The left wrist and hand were moveable. We describe a case of a complex proximal humerus fracture that was osteosynthesis by locking-plate with a 3D simulation supported to talk over the treatment method for the case.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES, ANTI-DOUBLE STRANDED DNA RESULTS AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Nguyen Thi Huyen , Phan Thi Minh Phuong , Leonardo Antonio Sechi , Ha Nu Thuy Duong , Nguyen Vu Thanh , Pham Thanh Tuong
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) results in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate the relationship between these results and peripheral blood cell indicators. Materials and Methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 161 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SLE who were monitored and treated at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hue city from January 2018 to May 2024. Results: The mean age of the study population was 31.16 ± 13.01 years. The prevalence of  SLE in females was 88.2% and was 7.5 times higher than in males. The rates of ANA and anti-dsDNA positivity in SLE patients were 61.5% and 36.6%, respectively. The study population with both positive ANA and anti-dsDNA test results accounted for 32.3%. There was a statistically significant relationship between ANA, anti-dsDNA results, and blood cell indicators including WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, red blood cells, and hemoglobin (p<0.05). Additionally, ANA results showed a statistically significant relationship with platelet counts (p<0.01). Patients who tested positive for both ANA and anti-dsDNA had the lowest counts of WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, RBCs, and hemoglobin compared to other counterparts, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: ANA and anti-dsDNA results are statistically significantly associated with peripheral blood cell indicators in patients. It is necessary to consider combining both ANA and anti-dsDNA results to evaluate and predict the disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus.
FALL RISK PREVENTION: RELATED FACTORS TO NURSES’ PRACTICE AT CU CHI DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Authors: Do Thi Ha , Vo Thi Khuyen
Published: November 2024

Aim: This study aimed to assess the practices of nurses toward fall risk prevention and the related factors at Cu Chi District Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study of 98 nurses. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that more than three-fourths of the nurses (84.7%) had good fall prevention practices. Factors related to nurses’ fall prevention practices include knowledge, attitude toward fall prevention, age, gender, work experience, department, number of patients cared for per shift, fall prevention training during work, and the demand for updates to fall prevention. The findings of this study can be used to inform managers about factors contributing to fall prevention in nurses' practices and ultimately enhance the quality of patient care and patient safety.
OUTCOMES OF UNILATERAL BIPORTAL ENDOSCOPIC LUMBAR DISCECTOMY FOR LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL
Authors: Dang Phuoc Giau , Nguyen Le Hoan , Nguyen Huu Thuyet , Vo Van Phuc Toan , Vo Duong Thanh Thai , Le Dinh Tung , Van Minh Khen , Huynh Kim Hieu
Published: November 2024

Background: Lumbar disc herniation is a common condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and work capabilities. Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) lumbar discectomy is a minimally invasive approach that effectively reduces pain and improves function after surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of UBE lumbar discectomy in treating lumbar disc herniation. Materials and Methods: This study included 39 patients diagnosed with single-level lumbar disc herniation who underwent UBE lumbar discectomy at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Pain and functional outcomes were assessed pre- and post-operatively using VAS and MacNab scores. Results: The mean VAS score significantly decreased from 4.08 (back) and 7.72 (leg) preoperatively to 1.62 and 2.26 postoperatively. The average hospital stay after surgery was 3.28 days, indicating a quick recovery and return to normal activities. MacNab outcomes indicated that 97.43% of patients achieved "Excellent" or "Good" results. Complications were minimal, with only one case of a small dural tear (2.57%) that did not require repair and did not affect the patient's recovery outcome. Conclusions: UBE lumbar discectomy is an effective and safe method for treating lumbar disc herniation, providing substantial pain relief, functional improvement, shorter hospital stays, and a low complication rate.
Examining the Relationship Between Early Childhood Teacher Candidates' Empathic Tendencies and Social Problem Solving Skills
Authors: YİĞİT Nur Banu , PINARCIK SAKARYALI Özge
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between early childhood teacher candidates’ empathic tendencies and social problem-solving skills. A total of 187 teacher candidates studying in the department of Early Childhood Education at Duzce University participated in this study. The relational research model, a quantitative research method, was used. The data of this study were collected through a personal information form, the Empathic Tendency Scale, and the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (SPÇE-SF). The researchers analyzed the data using Pearson Correlation and one-way ANOVA with the SPSS program. According to the findings of the study, the empathic tendency levels and social problem-solving skills of the early childhood teacher candidates participating in the research are at moderate levels. In addition, there was a moderate positive relationship between participants’ empathic tendencies and social problem-solving skills. Finally, it is seen that the empathic tendencies of the participants do not differ according to personal data such as gender, educational level, mother’s and father’s educational level, family type, family attitude, number of siblings, and birth order. The participants’ social problems-solving skills differed only by gender and number of siblings.
Examination of Types of Mathematical Connections that Pre-service Mathematics Teachers Use in Teaching Processes
Authors: ŞAHAL Muhammet , DOĞAN Mustafa , ÖZDEMİR Ahmet Şükrü
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the types of mathematical associations that pre-service mathematics teachers use in their teaching processes and their opinions on the mathematical connection. For this purpose, a total of 60 pre-service mathematics teachers made teaching plans related to a learning outcome from the Turkish middle school mathematics curriculum. The research conducted with case study design within the qualitative research methods. Video recordings, field notes and an opinion form were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed by a content analysis method. Results of the study show that almost all of the pre-service teachers have an understanding of mathematical connections. It was determined that the types of connections between concepts, between different representations and connections with real life were prominent, while the type of association with different disciplines was less common during the teaching processes. Connections were mainly made by giving examples through verbal expressions. These results provide an important perspective on the mathematical connectionskills of pre-service primary mathematics teachers. Suggestions for improving pre-service teachers' mathematical association skills were presented acording to the results of the study.
Determination of high school students’ cognitive structures related to the atmosphere and climate
Authors: Kaya Baştürk , Aladağ Caner
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive structures of high school students related to the atmosphere and climate. The study group consists of 70 students in the 10th grade of a state high school aﬃliated to Konya Provincial Ministry of National Education. In this study, a survey model, which allowed us to determine the current situation, was used. Data were collected using the word association test (WAT). The key concepts related to the subject were climate, atmosphere, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation. A frequency calculation, a descriptive analysis technique, was used to analyze the data. The obtained data were subjected to evaluation, and a frequency table was prepared. Among the key concepts, the most response words were related to climate (n=20). The others were the atmosphere (n=14), temperature (n=14), humidity (n=11), precipitation (n=11), pressure (n=10) and wind (n=8). The answer word rain (n=49) was written for the key concept of precipitation and had the highest frequency value. The answer words for the key concepts were analyzed in detail, and concept networks were created using the cut-off point technique. Thus, it was attempted to reveal the cognitive structures of the students regarding the subject. In addition, sentence examples were analyzed and classified according to their characteristics and a scientific content table was created.
PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA VALORAÇÃO DA PROVA
Authors: Silva Murilo Caldas Gaspar de Souza e
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo possui o objetivo, sem a pretensão de exaurir o tema, mas sem retirar sua relevância, de analisar a importância dos precedentes e sua influência na valoração da prova, utilizando-se do método dedutivo ao analisar as posições doutrinárias existentes a partir de premissas gerais no alcance da conclusão, realizando-se uma abordagem não só sobre sua composição e os métodos para identificação da ratio decidendi, as técnicas aplicáveis de confronto, interpretação e aplicação, passando pelos precedentes obrigatórios vinculantes elencados no art. 927 do CPC, mas suas premissas metodológicas interligadas no sentido de como os precedentes podem impactar a avaliação das provas em casos concretos, desaguando na maneira como os precedentes moldam a forma como as provas são valoradas e seu papel decisivo na apreciação probatória. Passamos, também, pela análise do Tema 1.000 dos recursos repetitivos do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e a fixação da tese sobre a possibilidade de fixação da astreinte em ações de produção antecipada de provas, alcançando, fundamentalmente, a fixação de limitação na fixação da técnica de execução indireta da multa diária.
A COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O TADALAFILA E O SILDENAFILA
Authors: Bertoso Douglas Oliveira , Rinaldi Sebastian , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: November 2024

Para comparar o Sildenafila e o Tadalafila, dois dos medicamentos mais comumente prescritos para disfunção erétil ou qualquer outra condição que necessite de vasodilatação, será feita a adequação nos aspectos que abordam os benefícios de cada um ser um exemplo de inibidores da PDE5. As diferenças entre os dois medicamentos em relação aos aspectos farmacocinéticos, efeitos colaterais, tolerância do paciente e interações medicamentosas são discutidas. As implicações clínicas e terapêuticas de cada um com base em suas indicações, mecanismos de ação e efeitos variados em relação a diferentes perfis de pacientes são discutidas neste artigo. Este estudo também fornecerá informações completas sobre as respectivas vantagens e desvantagens de ambos os medicamentos com base nas evidências científicas atuais para auxiliar ainda mais na seleção racional do medicamento (MuySalud,et al., 2023; Rezende,et al., 2021; Ortiz,et al., 2010; ElHady ,et al., 2023).
Measurement report: Long-term measurements of surface ozone and trends in semi-natural sub-Saharan African ecosystems
Authors: Donnou Hagninou Elagnon Venance , Akpo Aristide Barthélémy , Ossohou Money , Delon Claire , Yoboué Véronique , Laouali Dungall , Ouafo-Leumbe Marie , Van Zyl Pieter Gideon , Ndiaye Ousmane , Gardrat Eric , Dias-Alves Maria , Galy-Lacaux Corinne
Published: November 2024

Abstract. For nearly 30 years, the International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica (INDAAF) programme has measured surface ozone from 14 sites in Africa representative of the main African ecosystems: dry savannas (Banizoumbou, Niger; Katibougou and Agoufou, Mali; Bambey and Dahra, Senegal), wet savannas (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire; Djougou, Benin), forests (Zoétélé, Cameroon; Bomassa, Republic of the Congo) and agricultural–semi-arid savannas (Mbita, Kenya; Louis Trichardt, Amersfoort, Skukuza and Cape Point, South Africa). The data are collected with passive samplers and archived as monthly averages; quality assurance is maintained by INDAAF's calibration and intercomparison protocols with other programmes employing the same systems. This analysis reports on correlations of INDAAF ozone time series (1995–2020) with local meteorological parameters and with ozone precursors, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), derived from standard global databases. Mean annual averages of surface ozone range from 3.9 ± 1.1 ppb (Bomassa) to 30.8 ± 8.0 ppb (Louis Trichardt), reflecting a general positive gradient from west central Africa to South Africa. At the decade scale, from 2000 to 2020, the Katibougou and Banizoumbou sites (dry savanna) experienced a significant decrease in ozone of around −2.4 and −0.8 ppb per decade, respectively. These decreasing trends are consistent with those observed for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and BVOCs. An increasing trend is observed in Zoétélé (2001–2020), estimated at +0.7 ppb per decade, and at Skukuza (2000–2015; +3.4 ppb per decade). The increasing trends are consistent with increasing biogenic emissions at Zoétélé and NO2 levels at Skukuza. Very few surface O3 measurements exist in Africa, and the long-term results presented in this study are the most extensive for the ecosystems studied. The importance of maintaining long-term observations like INDAAF cannot be overstated. The data can be used to assess ozone impacts on African crops. For the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report Phase II (TOAR II), they provide invaluable constraints for models of chemical and climate processes in the atmosphere.
Characterization of biogenic volatile organic compounds and their oxidation products in a stressed spruce-dominated forest close to a biogas power plant
Authors: Song Junwei , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Tillmann Ralf , Brüggemann Nicolas , Leisner Thomas , Saathoff Harald
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are key components of the atmosphere, playing a significant role in the formation of organic aerosols (OAs). However, only a few studies have simultaneously examined the characteristics of BVOCs and OAs in forest ecosystems on the background of environmental stressors, such as consecutive droughts and extensive bark beetle infestations. Here, we present real-time measurements of OAs and BVOCs in a stressed spruce-dominated forest near a biogas power plant (BPP) in western Germany during June 2020. A proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a particle inlet (CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS) and a Vocus-PTR-ToF-MS were used to measure OAs and BVOCs. The average OA mass concentration was 0.8 ± 0.5 µg m−3, consisting mainly of semi-volatile monoterpene oxidation products. The average mixing ratios of isoprene (0.58 ± 0.54 ppb) and monoterpenes (2.5 ± 5.3 ppb) were higher than the values previously measured in both German temperate forests and boreal forests. Based on a wind direction analysis, BVOC data were categorized into two groups: one mainly influenced by biogenic emissions from an intact forest and a clear-cut area (referred to as the biogenic group) and the other mainly influenced by anthropogenic emissions from a BPP and a village (referred to as the anthropogenic group). High mixing ratios of monoterpenes were observed in the anthropogenic group, indicating a significant contribution of BPP emissions. In the biogenic group, the variations in BVOC mixing ratios were driven by the interplay between meteorology, biogenic emissions and their photochemical consumption. Positive matrix factorization analysis of VOCs revealed substantial contributions of oxygenated organic compounds from the photochemical oxidation of BVOCs during daytime, while monoterpenes and their weakly oxidized products dominated at night. Furthermore, increasing relative humidity and decreasing temperatures promoted the gas-to-particle partitioning of these weakly oxidized monoterpene products, leading to an increase in nighttime OA mass. The results demonstrate that variations in BVOCs are influenced not only by meteorological conditions and biogenic emissions but also by local BPP emissions and subsequent chemical transformation processes. This study highlights the need to investigate the changes in biogenic emissions in stressed European forests.
How does the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection affect the climate in UKESM1?
Authors: Henry Matthew , Bednarz Ewa M. , Haywood Jim
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) refers to a climate intervention method by which aerosols are intentionally added to the lower stratosphere to enhance sunlight reflection and offset some of the adverse effects of global warming. The climate outcomes of SAI depend on the location, amount, and timing of injection, as well as the material used. Here, we isolate the role of the latitude of SO2 injection by comparing different scenarios that have the same global-mean temperature target, altitude of injection, and hemispherically symmetric injection rates. These are as follows: injection at the Equator (EQ) and injection at 15° N and S (15N+15S), 30° N and S (30N+30S), or 60° N and S (60N+60S). We show that injection at the Equator leads to a substantial undercooling of the Arctic, a significant reduction in tropical precipitation, reductions in high-latitude ozone, heating in the tropical lower-stratosphere, and strengthening of the stratospheric jets in both hemispheres. Additionally, we find that the most efficient injection locations are the subtropics (15 and 30° N and S), although the 60N+60S strategy only requires around 30 % more SO2 injection for the same amount of cooling; the latter also leads to much less stratospheric warming but only marginally increases high-latitude surface cooling. Finally, while all the SAI strategies come with trade-offs, our work shows that the 30N+30S strategy is a good candidate strategy for an intermodel comparison and is easier to implement than a multi-latitude controller algorithm.
Using Autoencoders to Classify EMC Problems in Electronic System Development
Authors: Maalouly Jad , Hemker Dennis , Hedayat Christian , Olbrich Marcel , Lange Sven , Mathis Harald
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This paper is a direct continuation of “AI Assisted Interference Classification to Improve EMC Troubleshooting in Electronic System Development” (Maalouly et al., 2022). The previous paper aimed to classify the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem classification, while this paper addresses two primary issues: the data and the technique. The technique used in the previous study involved a principal component analysis (PCA) (Pearson, 1901) to generate input features for the neural network. However, since PCA only encodes linear relations from the samples, autoencoder (AE) models are now used to encode the data into a latent vector that better represents the data. The latent vectors will ultimately be used as input to classify the EMC problems. A neural network and a random forest classifier were utilized to develop a classification model, wherein the random forest demonstrated superior performance in comparison to the neural network.
From Schematics to Netlists – Electrical Circuit Analysis Using Deep-Learning Methods
Authors: Hemker Dennis , Maalouly Jad , Mathis Harald , Klos Rainer , Ravanan Eranyan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Within the project progressivKI, research is carried out to improve the analysis of schematics that depict an electrical circuit. Lots of manual efforts are necessary to validate a design, as schematics are handed in as image data. They neither follow a standard nor contain any meta information that can be obtained to automatically check certain conditions. Furthermore, even the visual representation of components like diodes, capacitors or resistors can differ depending on the design tool used. In this paper, we present an approach to decompose the problem into three different parts and describe their current status: (i) detection of the components like resistors, capacitors, or diodes (ii) detection of lines and their junctions (iii) detection of textual data placed next to components (like voltage or resistance). For each of the given areas we employ deep-learning methods as a basis. The training data is provided by Microchip in the form of link-annotated PDFs. In a preprocessing phase, the data is programmatically scanned for useful information like component names and bounding boxes to pre-annotate them before human correction. The final step is to fuse all information from (i)–(iii) to obtain a netlist that can be automatically validated with given rules. While most work has been carried out in (i) and (ii), a more general workflow including supportive tools has been established to extend our approach to PDFs from other design tools. The results show that recent deep-learning methods are capable of detecting components with a high accuracy given training data of good quality (no false labels).
Hydrological drivers of groundwater recharge changes under different emission scenarios in agricultural lands
Authors: Chang Xinyu , Gao Fei , Gong Ziyuan , Hu Tianqi , Sun Shikun
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Groundwater is a crucial resource that helps ensure the security of food and water. Although the earth's water resources are being negatively impacted by climate change in every manner, there is still limited research on predicting future groundwater recharge. This study constructed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) in conjunction with two General Circulation Models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) to predict the change in agriculture groundwater recharge in 2021–2045 relative to the baseline historical data. The Yang River Basin in Hebei Province, China, which is mainly covered by agricultural land along the basin, as the study area to understand how climate change drives groundwater recharge in agricultural land. The results show that the model performs well, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.82 and 0.76 in the validation and calibration periods, respectively. The expected temperature and precipitation have increased more, 16.1 %–31.3 % and 1.8 °C–2.5 °C, respectively, compared with the historical period 1981–2005.While evapotranspiration (ET) has increased, the distribution of agricultural groundwater recharge reflected spatially varying characteristics, with an overall increasing trend of 31.3 % (2021–2045). Consequently, the study area was divided into five regions with varying degrees of wetness and dryness based on the spatial distribution of precipitation (P). It was found that in the higher–precipitation regions, runoff contributed a portion of the future net atmospheric input (P-ET), and it was further concluded that precipitation was the primary climatic factor that drove the recharge to farmland, while evapotranspiration also had an impact on the change in recharge for the relatively dry regions. This will help the region achieve sustainable development and get ready for climate change in the future. It will also provide local policy makers with some knowledge.
Simulating vertical phytoplankton dynamics in a stratified ocean using a two-layered ecosystem model
Authors: Zheng Qi , Viljoen Johannes J. , Sun Xuerong , Brewin Robert J. W.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Phytoplankton account for around half of planetary primary production and are instrumental in regulating ocean biogeochemical cycles. Around 70 % of our ocean is characterised by either seasonal or permanent stratification. In such regions, it has been postulated that two distinct planktonic ecosystems exist, one that occupies the nutrient-limited surface mixed layer, and the other that resides below the mixed-layer in a low-light, nutrient-rich environment. Owing to challenges observing the planktonic ecosystem below the mixed layer, less is known about it. Consequently, it is rarely characterised explicitly in marine ecosystem models. Here, we develop a simple, two-layered box model comprising of an ecosystem (Nutrient, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton, NPZ) in the surface mixed layer and a separate one (NPZ) in a subsurface layer below it. The two ecosystems are linked only by dynamic advection of nutrients between layers and controls on light attenuation. The model is forced with surface light (modelled from top-of-atmosphere) and observations of mixed layer depth. We run our model at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site (BATS) and compare results with a 30+ year time-series of phytoplankton and nutrient observations. When compared with observations, the model simulates contrasting seasonal and interannual variability in phytoplankton in the two layers, reproducing trends post 2011 caused by ocean warming and explaining the drivers. Results lend support to the hypothesis that the euphotic zone of stratified systems can be described using two vertically separated planktonic ecosystems. Nevertheless, simulating the ecosystem in the subsurface layer was more challenging than the ecosystem in the surface mixed-layer, suggesting more work is needed to study controls on subsurface planktonic communities.
Driving factors of aerosol acidity: a new hierarchical quantitative analysis framework and its application in Changzhou, China
Authors: Duan Xiaolin , Zheng Guangjie , Chen Chuchu , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Aerosol acidity (or pH) plays a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry, influencing the interaction of air pollutants with ecosystems and climate. Aerosol pH shows large temporal variations, while the driving factors of chemical profiles versus meteorological conditions are not fully understood due to the intrinsic complexity. Here, we propose a new framework to quantify the factor importance, which incorporated interpretive structural modelling approach (ISM) and time series analysis. Especially, a hierarchical influencing factor relationship is established based on the multiphase buffer theory with ISM. Long-term (2018 to 2023) observation dataset in Changzhou, China is analyzed with this framework. We found the pH temporal variation is dominated by the seasonal and random variations, while the long-term pH trend varies little despite the large emission changes. This is an overall effect of decreasing PM2.5, increasing temperature, and increased alkali-to-acid ratios. Temperature is the controlling factor of pH seasonal variations, through influencing the multiphase effective acid dissociation constant Ka*, non-ideality cni and gas-particle partitioning. Random variations are dominated by the aerosol water contents through Ka* and chemical profiles through cni. This framework provides quantitative understanding on the driving factors of aerosol acidity at different levels, which is important in acidity-related process studies and policy-making.
Coastal Atmosphere and Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine Properties (BiOMaP): the CoASTS-BiOMaP dataset
Authors: Zibordi Giuseppe , Berthon Jean-François
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The Coastal Atmosphere and Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine Properties (BiOMaP) programs produced bio-optical data supporting satellite ocean color applications for more than 2 decades. Specifically, relying on the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT) in the northern Adriatic Sea, from 1995 till 2016 CoASTS produced time series of marine water apparent and inherent optical properties, in addition to the concentration of major optically significant water constituents. Almost concurrently, from 2000 till 2022 BiOMaP produced equivalent spatially distributed measurements across major European seas. Both CoASTS and BiOMaP applied standardized instruments, measurement methods, quality control schemes and processing codes to ensure temporal and spatial consistency in data products. This work presents the CoASTS and BiOMaP near-surface data product, named CoASTS-BiOMaP, which is of relevance to ocean color bio-optical modeling and validation activities. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971945 (Zibordi and Berthon, 2024).
A consistent ocean oxygen profile dataset with new quality control and bias assessment
Authors: Gouretski Viktor , Cheng Lijing , Du Juan , Xing Xiaogang , Chai Fei , Tan Zhetao
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Global ocean oxygen concentrations have declined in the past decades, posing threats to marine life and human society. High-quality and bias-free observations are crucial to understanding ocean oxygen changes and assessing their impact. Here, we propose a new automated quality control (QC) procedure for ocean profile oxygen data. This procedure consists of a suite of 10 quality checks, with outlier rejection thresholds being defined based on underlying statistics of the data. The procedure is applied to three main instrumentation types: bottle casts, CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) casts, and Argo profiling floats. Application of the quality control procedure to several manually quality-controlled datasets of good quality suggests the ability of the scheme to successfully identify outliers in the data. Collocated quality-controlled oxygen profiles obtained by means of the Winkler titration method are used as unbiased references to estimate possible residual biases in the oxygen sensor data. The residual bias is found to be negligible for electrochemical sensors typically used on CTD casts. We explain this as the consequence of adjusting to the concurrent sample Winkler data. Our analysis finds a prevailing negative residual bias with the magnitude of several µmol kg−1 for the delayed-mode quality-controlled and adjusted profiles from Argo floats varying among the data subsets adjusted by different Argo Data Assembly Centers (DACs). The respective overall DAC- and sensor-specific corrections are suggested. We also find the bias dependence on pressure, a feature common to both AANDERAA optodes and SBE43-series sensors. Applying the new QC procedure and bias adjustments resulted in a new global ocean oxygen dataset from 1920 to 2023 with consistent data quality across bottle samples, CTD casts, and Argo floats. The adjusted Argo profile data are available at the Marine Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://doi.org/10.12157/IOCAS.20231208.001, Gouretski et al., 2024).
NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0: a novel hybrid nonlinear data assimilation system for improved simulation of PM2.5 chemical components
Authors: Li Hongyi , Yang Ting , Nerger Lars , Zhang Dawei , Zhang Di , Tang Guigang , Wang Haibo , Sun Yele , Fu Pingqing , Su Hang , Wang Zifa
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Identifying PM2.5 chemical components is crucial for formulating emission strategies, estimating radiative forcing, and assessing human health effects. However, accurately describing spatiotemporal variations in PM2.5 chemical components remains a challenge. In our earlier work, we developed an aerosol extinction coefficient data assimilation (DA) system (Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System with the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (NAQPMS-PDAF) v1.0) that was suboptimal for chemical components. This paper introduces a novel hybrid nonlinear chemical DA system (NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0) to accurately interpret key chemical components (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, OC, and EC). NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 improves upon v1.0 by effectively handling and balancing stability and nonlinearity in chemical DA, which is achieved by incorporating the non-Gaussian distribution ensemble perturbation and hybrid localized Kalman–nonlinear ensemble transform filter with an adaptive forgetting factor for the first time. The dependence tests demonstrate that NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 provides excellent DA results with a minimal ensemble size of 10, surpassing previous reports and v1.0. A 1-month DA experiment shows that the analysis field generated by NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 is in good agreement with observations, especially in reducing the underestimation of NH4+ and NO3- and the overestimation of SO42-, OC, and EC. In particular, the Pearson correlation coefficient (CORR) values for NO3-, OC, and EC are above 0.96, and the R2 values are above 0.93. NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 also demonstrates superior spatiotemporal interpretation, with most DA sites showing improvements of over 50 %–200 % in CORR and over 50 %–90 % in RMSE for the five chemical components. Compared to the poor performance in the global reanalysis dataset (CORR: 0.42–0.55, RMSE: 4.51–12.27 µg m−3) and NAQPMS-PDAF v1.0 (CORR: 0.35–0.98, RMSE: 2.46–15.50 µg m−3), NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 has the highest CORR of 0.86–0.99 and the lowest RMSE of 0.14–3.18 µg m−3. The uncertainties in ensemble DA are also examined, further highlighting the potential of NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 for advancing aerosol chemical component studies.
Technical note: A simple feedforward artificial neural network for high-temporal-resolution rain event detection using signal attenuation from commercial microwave links
Authors: Øydvin Erlend , Graf Maximilian , Chwala Christian , Wolff Mareile Astrid , Kitterød Nils-Otto , Nilsen Vegard
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Two simple feedforward neural networks (multilayer perceptrons – MLPs) are trained to detect rainfall events using signal attenuation from commercial microwave links (CMLs) as predictors and high-temporal-resolution reference data as the target. MLPGA is trained against nearby rain gauges, and MLPRA is trained against gauge-adjusted weather radar. Both MLPs were trained on 26 CMLs and tested on 843 CMLs, all located within 5 km of a rain gauge. Our results suggest that these MLPs outperform existing methods, effectively capturing the intermittent behaviour of rainfall. This study is the first to use both radar and rain gauges for training and testing CML rainfall detection. While previous studies have mainly focused on hourly reference data, our findings show that it is possible to classify rainy and dry time steps with a higher temporal resolution.
Statistical calibration of probabilistic medium-range Fire Weather Index forecasts in Europe
Authors: Bohlmann Stephanie , Laine Marko
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity across Europe, which makes accurate wildfire risk estimation crucial for decision-makers and emergency responders. Wildfire risk is usually estimated using meteorological-based fire weather indices such as the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI). By using weather forecasts, the FWI can be predicted for several days and even weeks ahead. Probabilistic ensemble forecasts require verification and calibration in order to provide reliable and accurate forecasts, which are crucial for informed decision-making and an effective emergency response. In this study, we investigate the potential of non-homogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR) for statistically calibrating ensemble forecasts of the FWI. The FWI is calculated using medium-range ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with lead times up to 15 d over Europe. The method is tested using a 30 d rolling training period and dividing the European region into three training areas (northern, central, and Mediterranean Europe). The calibration improves FWI forecast particularly at shorter lead times up to 84 h and in regions with elevated FWI values, i.e. areas with a higher wildfire risk such as central and Mediterranean Europe. The study demonstrates that NGR can be used to improve probabilistic FWI forecasts especially in the time range most critical for firefighting resource management and thereby supporting effective wildfire response strategies.
Volcanic risk ranking and regional mapping of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes
Authors: Reyes-Hardy María-Paz , Di Maio Luigia Sara , Dominguez Lucia , Frischknecht Corine , Biass Sébastien , Guimarães Leticia Freitas , Nieto-Torres Amiel , Elissondo Manuela , Pedreros Gabriela , Aguilar Rigoberto , Amigo Álvaro , García Sebastián , Forte Pablo , Bonadonna Costanza
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes (CVZA) extends from southern Peru, through the Altiplano of Bolivia, to the Puna of northern Chile and Argentina, between latitudes 14–28° S of the Andean cordillera, with altitudes rising up to more than 4000 m above sea level. Given the large number of active volcanoes in this area, which are often located close to both urban areas and critical infrastructure, prioritization of volcanic risk reduction strategies is crucial. The identification of hazardous active volcanoes is challenging due to the limited accessibility, the scarce historical record, and the difficulty in identifying relative or absolute ages due to the extreme arid climate. Here, we identify the highest-risk volcanoes combining complementary strategies: (i) a regional mapping based on volcanic hazard parameters and surrounding density of elements at risk and (ii) the application of the recently developed volcanic risk ranking (VRR) methodology that integrates hazard, exposure, and vulnerability as factors that increase risk and resilience as a factor that reduces risk. We identified 59 active and potentially active volcanoes that not only include the volcanic centres with the most intense and frequent volcanic eruptions (e.g. the El Misti and Ubinas volcanoes, Peru) but also the highest density of exposed elements (e.g. the cities of Arequipa and Moquegua, Peru). VRR was carried out for 19 out of the 59 volcanoes, active within the last 1000 years or with unrest signs, highlighting those with the highest potential impact (i.e. Cerro Blanco in Argentina and Yucamane, Huaynaputina, Tutupaca, and Ticsani in Peru) and requiring risk mitigation actions to improve the capacity to face or overcome a disaster (e.g. volcanic hazard and risk/impact assessments, monitoring systems, educational activities, and implementation of early warning systems).
Influence of river runoff and precipitation on the seasonal and interannual variability of sea surface salinity in the eastern North Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Thouvenin-Masson Clovis , Boutin Jacqueline , Échevin Vincent , Lazar Alban , Vergely Jean-Luc
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In tropical regions, the freshwater flux entering the ocean originates primarily from precipitation and, to a lesser extent when considering basin-scale averages, from continental rivers. Nevertheless, at the regional scale, river flows can have a significant impact on the surface ocean dynamics. Riverine freshwater modifies salinity and, therefore, density, stratification, and circulation. With its particular coastline and high cumulative river discharge, as well as its being in the vicinity of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), the eastern part of the North Tropical Atlantic (e-NTA) region off northwestern Africa is a particularly interesting location to study the linkage between precipitation, river outflow, and sea surface salinity (SSS). Here, we focus on the regional e-NTA SSS seasonal cycle and interannual variability and on the impact of using various river runoff and precipitation forcing data sets to simulate SSS with a regional model. The simulated SSS values are compared with the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) satellite SSS values; in situ SSS values from Argo floats, ships, and a coastal mooring; and the GLORYS reanalysis SSS values. An analysis of the mixed-layer salinity budget is then conducted. Overall, the simulations reproduce the seasonal cycle and interannual variability well despite a positive mean model bias north of 15° N. The seasonal cycle is impacted by the phasing of the different runoff products. The mixed-layer SSS decrease during the rainy season is mainly driven by precipitation followed by runoff by means of horizontal advection and is partly compensated for by vertical mixing. In terms of interannual anomalies, river runoff has a more direct impact on SSS than precipitation. This study highlights the importance of properly constraining river runoff and precipitation to simulate realistic SSS values and the importance of observing SSS in coastal regions to validate such constraints.
Earthquakes triggered by the subsurface undrained response to reservoir impoundment at Irapé, Brazil
Authors: Raza Haris , França George Sand , Sayão Eveline , Vilarrasa Victor
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The necessity to reduce carbon emissions to mitigate climate change is accelerating the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Specifically, hydropower has emerged as a prominent and safe renewable energy source but entails reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS). This phenomenon causes significant challenges for safe reservoir management. Irapé, in Brazil, is a prominent RTS site where seismicity surged after reservoir filling, with a maximum event of magnitude 3.0 in May 2006, just 6 months after the start of reservoir impoundment. Despite the fact that more than 1 decade has passed since the seismicity occurred, the factors governing these earthquakes and their connection to subsurface rock properties remain poorly understood. Here, we attempt to understand the potential causes of RTS at Irapé Dam, which is the highest dam in Brazil at 208 m and the second highest in South America. Permeability and porosity measurements of cylindrical cores from hard and intact rock samples, which were extracted near the RTS zone by pitting 10 cm from the surface, reveal a low-permeability rock. Porosity values range from 6.3 % to 14.7 %. Only 3 out of the 11 tested samples present permeability above the lowest measurable value of the apparatus (0.002 mD), with the highest permeability being 0.0098 mD. The undrained response of the low-permeability rock placed below the reservoir results in an instantaneous increase in pore pressure and poroelastic stress changes due to elastic compression, which brings potential faults located below the reservoir closer to failure conditions. According to our analytical calculations, the vertical loading caused by the increase of 136 m in the reservoir water level led to a 0.61 MPa pore pressure buildup in response to compression at the depth of the Mw 3.0 earthquake, i.e., 3.88 km, resulting in an increase of 0.75 MPa in the vertical effective stress and of 0.48 MPa in the horizontal effective stress. These changes resulted in an increase in the deviatoric stress that led to fault destabilization, causing the RTS. The laboratory measurements and analytical calculations corroborate the hypothesis that the initial seismic activity was induced by the undrained subsurface response to the reservoir loading at Irapé.
Estrategia comunicativa y fotografía en el proceso de depuración de Edgar Neville (1936-1940)
Authors: Diez Puertas Emeterio
Published: November 2024

El objeto de este texto es el estudio del estatuto comunicativo de las fotos presentes en el expediente de depuración abierto por el franquismo para examinar la conducta respecto al Movimiento Nacional del cineasta y diplomático Edgar Neville. Las normas para la depuración de funcionarios señalaban que los empleados públicos podían presentar “documentos de prueba” que demostrasen su adhesión o sus servicios al Movimiento Nacional. Nuestra hipótesis es que dichas fotos, se tomasen o no como prueba, carecen de ese estatuto y su presencia en el expediente es una demostración más de las irregularidades y del caos que rodeó todo el proceso de depuración franquista.