bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAS CORPOLÍTICAS Y LA R-EXISTENCIA DE LAS MUJERES MIGRANTES EN SITUACIÒN DE VULNERABILIDAD Y DESASTRE:
Authors: Ysunza Valeria
Published: November 2024

Las desigualdades sociales y estructurales afectan en mayor proporción a mujeres y niños, por lo que dichas poblaciones se enfrentan a condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad ante desastres detonados por conflictos territoriales y por el cambio climático. Sumergidas en circunstancias vulnerables, miles de mujeres de diferentes territorios se ven orilladas a migrar a otros lugares, con la finalidad no sólo de sobrevivir sino de reencontrar y/o reconstruir su bienestar. Al ser desterradas, las mujeres saharauis que habitan “temporalmente” en campamentos para personas refugiadas en Argelia y mujeres de la comunidad El Bosque, inundada por el nivel del mar en las costas de Tabasco (México), se han reorganizado social y políticamente en nuevos contextos territoriales, donde diversas prácticas de corpolíticas se han convertido en sus propias estrategias de r-existencia. El objetivo del presente trabajo es colocar sobre la mesa, con análisis crítico geográfico desde el abordaje de la antigeopolítica y la ecología política, dos estudios de caso, distantes entre sí, pero que los atraviesan los estudios de género, la migración, los desastres y la vulnerabilidad. Consideramos fundamental reivindicar dichas experiencias que nos encaminan hacia la reflexión necesaria sobre las luchas para las justicias territoriales y ambientales en las que participan las mujeres.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO DO ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA ÀS CIDADES PORTUGUESAS NA PRIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Bernardo Maria Ana , Cardoso de Matos Ana
Published: November 2024

Os serviços de abastecimento de água e saneamento, elementos essenciais das redes técnicas associadas à modernização das cidades, integraram a revolução sanitária e surgiram em resposta às críticas dos residentes e dos especialistas em medicina e higiene pública. Num período de crescimento populacional inédito em cidades a insalubridade urbana tornava-se um problema para os poderes públicos, que procuraram criar as condições legais e institucionais para a construção e gestão das novas infraestruturas. Essas mesmas autoridades, diretamente ou através da municipalização, assumiram a responsabilidade em relação às infraestruturas. Em Portugal, embora a adoção de novas soluções técnicas e tecnológicas para a insalubridade urbana fosse um tema em debate desde o século XIX, somente no século seguinte foi enfrentado. O propósito deste estudo é analisar a implementação das modernas infraestruturas de abastecimento de água em Portugal na primeira metade do século XX, com ênfase nas soluções para a construção e gestão das redes de captação, adução e abastecimento e nas medidas de políticas públicas associadas ao processo.
O Cocar e a Caneta: A luta intelectual indígena no Brasil dos militares
Authors: Guerreiro Moreira Luís Gustavo
Published: November 2024

Este artigo analisa o papel dos intelectuais indígenas na resistência ao regime militar brasileiro e na construção do movimento indígena pós-ditadura. Destaca-se como eles utilizaram sua produção intelectual e ativismo para desafiar políticas repressivas, preservar culturas indígenas e lutar pela autodeterminação. O estudo examina a formação de movimentos de resistência, a influência na formulação de políticas públicas e o impacto na academia. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em revisão de literatura e análise documental, o artigo explora as contribuições de líderes como Ailton Krenak, Davi Kopenawa e Sônia Guajajara. Conclui-se que os intelectuais indígenas deixaram um legado duradouro, promovendo um diálogo intercultural, desafiando estruturas de poder estabelecidas e contribuindo para a construção de uma sociedade menos desigual e mais inclusiva, com impactos que se estendem até o período pós-ditadura.
Terceiro-mundismo e construção de redes cinematográficas: de Hacia un Tercer Cine aos encontros de Argel (1969-1973)
Authors: Araújo Lima Ivan
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo, apresento um pouco do contexto que levou a produção do manifesto Hacia un Tercer Cine, bem como analiso a maneira pela qual os debates gerados a partir do mesmo contribuíram para a construção de um imagnário tricontinentalista ao longo da Guerra Fria. A construção desta rede se relaciona com o surgimento do Movimento dos Países Não-Alinhados, cujas posturas defendidas alimentam, junto com manifestos como Hacia un Tercer Cine, expressões do mencionado terceiro-mundismo cinematográfico, entre as quais a realização do Encontro de Cineastas de Argel, em 1973, ocorrido quase em paralelo com  IV Conferência do Movimento Não-Alinhado, que foi sediado na mesma cidade. Tendo como base os conceitos de Terceiro Cinema e cultura nacional, o movimento reivindicou a descolonização cultural em suas nações.
Intelectuais e o horizonte democrático no Paraguai (1978-1986)
Authors: Alves Pereira Júnior Paulo
Published: November 2024

A crise política da ditadura militar de Alfredo Stroessner no Paraguai se intensificou na década de 1980, motivada por conjunturas internas e externas. Nos principais jornais do país, intelectuais apresentaram projeções para um horizonte democrático, levando em conta o processo de liberalização da ditadura, a necessidade de uma nucleação pluripartidária e a importância da cidadania participativa. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os discursos de Juan Andrés Cardozo, Alfredo M. Seiferheld e José Luis Simón a respeito dos princípios democráticos, de 1978 a 1986. Utilizaremos como aporte teórico-metodológico a perspectiva de História intelectual latino-americana de Carlos Altamirano (2008). O corpus documental corresponde a artigos publicados nos jornais La Tribuna, ABC Color e El Pueblo. Nossa hipótese é de que tais intelectuais auxiliaram na construção de uma teoria democrática no Paraguai.
EMPOWERMENT DE PROFESSORES E ALUNOS POR MEIO DA PEDAGOGIA DO ESPORTE
Authors: Correia Mesaque Silva
Published: November 2024

O referido estudo ensaístico tem como objetivo suscitar junto aos profissionais da área da Educação Física Escolar algumas reflexões inerentes à possibilidade de existir um processo de empowerment de professores e alunos por meio da pedagogia do esporte. Uma vez que a prática do esporte, por sua função incontestável no seio da escola, necessita superar o processo esportivo reprodutor e apoiar-se em uma concepção que insira o movimento humano no mundo vivido do educando e o problematize de forma contextualizada para se tornar significativo e, por extensão, uma via de acesso à conscientização social, política e corporal dos alunos.  Para tanto, busca apoiar-se em um arcabouço teórico que de forma que possibilita pensar o ensino dos esportes para além das linhas da quadra e das regras do jogo, mas como um conteúdo que pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento social, moral e cognitivo dos alunos.
Bullying em Debate na Escola Através do Cinema.
Authors: Rocha Telma
Published: November 2024

O bullying é um problema que vem sendo detectado em muitas escolas, sejam públicas ou privadas; Ainda assim, escola e família, desconhecem suas características, ou as graves consequências dos atos cruéis e intimidadores. No dia 06 de novembro de 2015, a presidenta Dilma sancinou a lei 13.185, e instituiu o Programa de Combate à Intimidação Sistemática (Bullying) em todo o território nacional, fundamenta e orienta ações de combate ao bullying no âmbito dos sistemas de ensino. Entre elas, integrar os meios de comunicação de massa com as escolas e a sociedade, como forma de identificação e conscientização do problema e forma de preveni-lo e combatê-lo; implementar e disseminar campanhas de educação, conscientização e informação. Nesse sentido, o artigo pretende discutir o bullying, seu conceito, características, e a possibilidade de integrar o tema no currículo por meio do cinema, da produção de vídeo na escola. Trata-se de uma oportunidade de ampliar repertórios e os espaços de convivência entre discentes, docentes e toda comunidade através de CineClubes (espaços de produção, exibição e discussão) criados na escola, com agenda de sessões no calendário e/ou planejamento, de modo que os professores colaborem com títulos, dicas, e, possam utilizar a linguagem cinematográfica em suas atividades.
O MUSEU DAS REMOÇõES SOMOS NÓS - Cotidiano e memórias na (e da) Vila Autódromo
Authors: Sanches Taísa
Published: November 2024

Este artigo busca explorar a relevância dos usos da memória na construção do cotidiano da Vila Autódromo, a partir da formação do Museu das Remoções, localizado na comunidade. O processo de remoção quase completa da localidade já foi bastante explorado nos últimos anos (TANAKA et al, 2018; GONÇALVES & VALE, 2019; MEDEIROS, 2019; entre outros) assim como a formação do Museu das Remoções (BOGADO, 2017; CHAGAS et al, 2018). Há uma lacuna, passados os Jogos Olímpicos, no que tange ao entendimento dos usos das memórias dos antigos e atuais moradores para a construção do Museu e de seu cotidiano na localidade. Este artigo pretende explorar esse caminho através de pesquisa histórica e exploração empírica. Na primeira parte, é apresentada a formação dos museus sociais na cidade, inclusive o Museu das Remoções. Em seguida, analisam-se os usos das memórias na construção do cotidiano da Vila Autódromo atual, e o que representam na luta pelo direito à cidade que os moradores continuam travando diariamente.
RISCOS: deslocamentos, espoliação de migrantes e refugiados
Authors: Ribeiro Neto Alexandre , Pinto Rodrigo Santos
Published: November 2024

Nosso texto propõe uma problematização sobre deslocamento, espoliação de migrantes e refugiados. As dinâmicas populacionais na atualidade são objeto de estudo dos geógrafos e historiadores. Adotamos como principal suporte teórico metodológico, para refletir sobre refugiados os estudos de Tanuri (2010), propondo um diálogo com Bauman (2017), Harvey (2014). Contudo, nosso texto não se limita aos campos de conhecimento da História, Geografia e Educação. Flertamos também com a Matemática, ao introduzir O´Neil (2020) os dados sobre população deslocada de forma forçada de seus territórios funcionam como dados não prioritários para o tecido socio cibernético das redes sociais construído por algoritmos que criam um sistema de pontuação (escore) ajustável aos padrões do capitalismo de plataforma. Como resultado de nosso trabalho sinalizamos que: a espiral da violência aplicada dentro da fragilidade cotidiana e territorial dos povos envolvidos nessa calamidade demográfica funciona como eixo técnico para aplicar a estratégia da espoliação.
Agentes socioambientais urbanos e a ativação da cidadania: O caso do Programa Carta da Terra em Ação em São Paulo
Authors: Marcondes Débora Pontalti , De Castro Marino Cintia , Battaini Vivian
Published: November 2024

O Programa Carta da Terra em Ação foi concebido pela Prefeitura de São Paulo com o objetivo de fomentar reflexões críticas sobre situações socioambientais urbanas entre os munícipes. Em seus dez primeiros anos de história (2009 – 2019) formou mais de seiscentos agentes socioambientais que, por sua vez, devolvem ações na escala local no sentido de almejar uma cidade mais justa e sustentável. O presente artigo busca responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como o Programa Carta da Terra em Ação contribui para a ativação da cidadania nos territórios urbanos de São Paulo? Para tanto, comprometeu-se em sistematizar o processo de criação do programa e as mudanças ocorridas ao longo de seu história, bem como classificar as ações socioambientais desenvolvidas. Ferramentas de análise foram desenvolvida a partir de um quadro teórico que reconhece a complexidade do território e a importância da ativação da cidadania, bem como percebe a necessidade de análises críticas e sistemáticas de programas de educação ambiental. Foi possível comprovar que se transformações ao longo do período, de estrutura, método e conteúdo, que garantiram que o programa se mantivesse condizente às demandas dos cidadãos, refletindo em ações locais socioambientais contribuindo para uma cidadania ativa e complexa daqueles que participaram.
Cidades Fascistas
Authors: Violin Tarso Cabral
Published: November 2024

Fascismo é um movimento político ou um regime de governo antidemocrático/ditatorial/totalitário, não sendo apenas conservador/reacionário, mas contrário ao Iluminismo, Renascimento, modernidade, cosmopolitismo, racionalismo, liberalismo político e todas as conquistas civilizatórias e das revoluções burguesas, republicanismo, direitos fundamentais individuais/sociais e direitos humanos, ideais de igualdade e liberdade substanciais, fraternidade, democracia liberal/social, e à ciência. Defende uma nação de privilegiados sem a interferência dos inimigos dessa nação, que são as minorias políticas, como as mulheres, negros, indígenas, gays, pobres, deficientes, imigrantes e refugiados, defensores de ideologias de esquerda ou pessoas com religiões diferentes; com a liderança do chefe acima das instituições, sem a divisão de poderes; e defende o neoliberalismo. Os movimentos fascistas que podem transformar um país em um Estado sob regime de governo fascista, podem também caracterizar uma cidade como fascista ou com tendência fascista, caso seus dirigentes sejam fascistas, ou tenham uma sociedade fascista. Grandes cidades brasileiras não estiveram e não estão livres de movimentos fascistas, assim como cidades mais conservadoras/reacionárias de todas as regiões do país, em especial no sul. O objetivo do presente estudo é subsidiar o debate brasileiro sobre o tema, com a utilização de método dedutivo, com tipologia qualitativa, de pesquisa básica, exploratória, bibliográfica e acadêmica, por meio de análise crítica e com apoio de pesquisa bibliográfica.
O Fomento às Startups e Cidades Inteligentes no Âmbito das Políticas Públicas de Inovação
Authors: Santos Maria Salomé Albuquerque , Amaral Cláudia Tannus Gurgel do
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o fomento às Startups a partir da contextualização da Lei Complementar nº 182/2021, o Marco Legal das Startups (MLS). E consiste em uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica dos aspectos legais do Marco Legal; das características dos Contratos de Soluções Inovadoras pelo Estado e sua relação com a Lei nº 14.133/21; do  MLS no contexto do Plano de Transformação Digital (Decreto nº 10.332/20); do fomento às Startups como possível ferramenta para a implementação do conceito de Cidades Inteligentes no Brasil; e a judicialização, no âmbito dos Tribunais Superiores e Estaduais, tomando por base os termos “Smart City”, “Smart Cities”, “Cidades Inteligentes”, “marco legal das Startups” e “LC nº 182”. Como resultado, verificou-se que o MLS atribuiu à inovação tecnológica como uma característica de atuação das Startups; que a Carta Brasileira para Cidades Inteligentes aponta, dentre os objetivos traçados, as Startups como aliado da gestão municipal. E na pesquisa jurisprudencial, verificou-se nos resultados encontrados, que o mérito dos litígios, tiveram como cerne a ofensa à competência privativa da União (art. 22, XXVII, da CF/88); às normas da Constituição Estadual de Minas Gerais e às regras do processo licitatório.
Direito humano-fundamental a moradia à luz da dignidade da pessoa humana: tutela normativa e políticas públicas urbanas
Authors: Moura Emerson Affonso da Costa , Jorge Pereira da Mota Mauricio , De Azevedo Torres Marcos Alcino
Published: November 2024

O redimensionamento do direito humano-fundamental a moradia à luz da cláusula geral da dignidade da pessoa humana é o tema em debate. Analisa-se em que medida, a partir de uma constitucionalização-releitura daquele direito humano amplia-se a proteção da habitação adequada para a garantia de uma moradia digna capaz de permitir a promoção da personalidade e o exercício das autonomias privadas e públicas do cidadão na cidade. Para tanto, verifica-se como o sistema internacional e nacional tutela a pessoa humana na proteção dos seus direitos, em que medida a consagração da cláusula geral da dignidade da pessoa irradia na propriedade produzindo a sua releitura, como se aprofunda a transformação com a tutela da moradia como direito humano-fundamental com a definição de suas políticas públicas e, por fim, quais são os aportes que a dignidade da pessoa humana produz na interpretação do direito humano-fundamental à moradia.
Respeitável Público, Com Vocês, A Política Do Espetáculo!
Authors: Libel Waldman Ricardo , REBELO NOGUEIRA CILENE
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem como tema a utilização das técnicas da política do espetáculo como ferramenta para obtenção de votos no processo eleitoral, visando a fixação da imagem do candidato na mente do eleitor, técnica já utilizada ao longo da história, mas potencializada com o advento da internet, especialmente com fake news. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa adotou o enfoque sociológico, com o intuito de, com base em modelos das ciências sociais, compreender os efeitos da política do espetáculo no resultado eleitoral e o aprimoramento da utilização dessa técnica nas redes sociais. O estudo aponta que a política do espetáculo impacta fortemente no resultado do processo eleitoral, sendo que a utilização desse artifício deve ser avaliada com a máxima cautela, a fim de que o eleitor não baseie sua escolha na imagem, abdicando de conhecer o conteúdo de forma crítica e as propostas do candidato escolhido. Nesse sentido, aponta sugestões de arcabouços institucionais.
Standards of care for peripheral intravenous catheters: evidence-based expert consensus
Authors: Thompson Judy , Steinheiser Marlene M , Hotchkiss J Blake , Davis James , DeVries Michelle , Frate Katie , Helm Robert , Jungkans Chris W. , Kakani Swapna , Lau Sean , Lindell Karen , Landrum Kristen McNiff , McQuillan Karen A , Shannon DJ , Wuerz Lorelle , Pitts Stephanie
Published: November 2024

Background:

The insertion of a PIVC is the most commonly performed invasive procedure in healthcare. Despite its frequency in placement in hospitalized patients, PIVCs are generally perceived as being safe; however, the prevalence of failure ranges from 35%-50%. Additionally, complications are common and often deemed ‘acceptable’ by clinicians. Healthcare provider and clinician foundational knowledge and competency is lacking nationally. Considering the mere volume of PIVCs placed, the failure and complication rates, the human impact is significant.

Methods:

The Association for Vascular Access (AVA) has led a collaborative effort with representatives from the Infusion Nurses Society (INS), the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN), ECRI, and content experts representing nursing vascular access, infusion therapy, infection prevention, critical care, pediatrics, healthcare leadership, a physician, and a patient representative. Our aim is to provide concise guidance that will enhance and standardize practices related to PIVC. By consolidating current standards of practice into a comprehensive document, our framework seeks to advance the quality of care and improve patient safety.

Results:

This document has undergone meticulous scrutiny to ensure its quality, including incorporation of current standards, methodology for consensus from the expert panel, and input received from public comments.

Conclusions:

We anticipate that this work will have a significant impact on healthcare professionals, policymakers, and, most importantly, patients’ experiences by the promotion of consistent, high-quality treatment, safety, and comfort for patients receiving a PIVC.
Looking after you: how to cope with day-to-day life as a student nurse
Authors: Petchey Jade
Published: November 2024

In our continuing series on the experiences of a nursing student, Jade Petchey provides some suggestions for keeping your mental and physical health on track
A Rare Complication of Atraumatic Splenic Rupture in Infectious Mononucleosis: A Case Report
Authors: Gavriilidis Paschalis , Xanthakos Pantelis
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background Atraumatic splenic rupture is a very rare and potentially life-threatening event usually associated with underlying pathological conditions. Splenic rupture in infectious mononucleosis occurs only in 0.1%–0.5% of patients. The aim of the present study was to publish a case report of the atraumatic splenic rupture and to present a mini-review of the international literature.

Case Presentation A 30-year-old man of mixed races (Caucasian and African) diagnosed with acute cholecystitis was referred by a rural doctor to a secondary district hospital. His past medical and family history was unremarkable. He did not report any allergies. On arrival, his vital signs were stable. However, laboratory examinations demonstrated: white blood cells 26 × 103/μL (4–11), neutrophils 38.8% (35%–72%), lymphocytes 58% (20%–45%), red blood cells 3.59 M/μL (0–0.6), haemoglobin 10.9 g/dL (13.5–17.5), haematocrit 33.4% (40%–54%), platelets 11.5 fL (6.5–11), prothrombin time 13.2 s (9.4–12.5), glucose 70 mg/dL (74–107), sodium 135 mmol/L (137–146), calcium 7.6 mg/dL (8.8–106), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 426 U/L (10–45), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase 530 U/L (7–45), gamma glutamyl transferase 151 U/L (7–49), total albumins 5.3 g/dL (6.6–8.3), C-reactive protein 235 mg/L (<5), and Epstein-Barr virus 15.50 S/CO (0–1.0). In addition, computed tomography determined hepatosplenomegaly, haemoperitoneum, and spleen rupture. Physical examination revealed abdominal rigidity, left shoulder tip pain, shortened capillary refill time, and neck lymphadenopathy.

Results The patient underwent expeditious total splenectomy, postoperative period was uneventful and he was discharged on the sixth postoperative day. He was scheduled to undergo the post-splenectomy vaccinations and regular follow-ups with his general practitioner abroad.

Conclusion In patients without a history of trauma, spontaneous splenic rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis if patients have complaints of abdominal and left shoulder tip pain, and laboratory results indicate low haemoglobin and haematocrit levels.
The Application of Terlipressin in the Management of Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Shen Lixiao , Ying Jie , Zhao Junbiao
Published: November 2024

Ascites due to liver cirrhosis is a common complication in patients with liver disease, severely affecting their prognosis and quality of life. Traditional treatment methods have significant limitations in managing ascites, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. As an antidiuretic drug, terlipressin has shown good efficacy and potential in treating ascites. This review covers terlipressin’s application in managing ascites caused by liver cirrhosis, covering the mechanism of action, usage strategies, clinical effects, and potential side effects. Clinical trial results are discussed to provide a glimpse into the efficacy and safety of terlipressin in managing ascites and its side effects. Additionally, we provide detailed discussions on medication precautions and management strategies for adverse reactions in high-risk patients. Finally, this review outlines future research directions, such as new clinical trial designs, comparisons of terlipressin with other novel drugs, and the exploration of individualized treatment models. These efforts aim to provide references for clinical practice and promote further development in this field.
Electric Acres
Authors: Sooknanan Anjali
Published: November 2024

FRENCH OEM MANITOU GROUP IS ADDING TO ITS RANGE OF ELECTRIC TELEHANDLERS WITH A ZERO-EMISSION VERSION OF ONE OF ITS BEST-SELLING DIESEL VEHICLES FOR AGRICULTURE. HERE WE GET A FIRST LOOK AT THE MACHINE AND FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THE THINKING BEHIND ITS INNOVATIVE POWERTRAIN
Temperature and Precipitation Explain Bee Diversity on Flowers Along an Elevation Gradient in the Mexican Transition Zone
Authors: Luna Pedro , Colón Sandoval Ashley García , Hinojosa-Díaz Ismael , Dáttilo Wesley
Published: November 2024

Although ecologists have identified the key factors influencing species distribution along elevation gradients, each mountain’s distinct characteristics, including its geology and biotic colonization processes, are often overlooked. The uniqueness of each mountain ecosystem implies that species distribution and the factors affecting them may vary across regions and taxonomic groups. The Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ) in central Mexico is a mountainous region of significant ecological and evolutionary importance, shaped by distinct biotic colonization and distribution patterns across its elevation gradient. However, most research in this region has focused on specific taxa, neglecting the vast diversity within the MTZ. In this study, we investigated the variations in flower-visiting bee diversity along an elevation gradient within the MTZ (10 sampling sites distributed from 4 to 3425 m a.s.l..), focusing on understanding the environmental factors influencing their distribution. Our findings reveal a declining bee diversity with increasing elevation, primarily driven by decreasing temperatures. However, when considering bee abundance, we identified precipitation as the predominant factor influencing bee diversity. Therefore, water and resource availability are critical in shaping bee diversity in this region. Furthermore, as elevation increased, we observed distinct and unique bee communities, highlighting the rarity and uniqueness of highland bee species as integral components of mountain ecosystems.
Survival and Flight Capacity of Apis mellifera after Contact with Residues of Spiromesifen on Melon Leaves
Authors: Souza Alesia Alves de , Silva Emanoely Karoliny Santos da , Costa Ewerton Marinho da , Cardoso Tiago Augusto Lima , Costa Jacquelinne Alves de Medeiros Araújo , Daiane Mirian Tomaz da Silva  , Gondim Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Balancing the application of insecticides with the preservation of bees in agricultural areas poses a significant challenge to farmers. Therefore, this study aims to assess the survival and flight capacity of Apis mellifera (L.) bees after contact with residues of the insecticide/acaricide Spiromesifen on melon leaves. The experiment occurred under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design and a 4x3 factorial scheme, with two doses of Spiromesifen (0.24 and 0.288 g a.i./L), a positive control (Thiamethoxam), and an absolute control (distilled water), at three exposure times: 1, 2, and 3 hours after treatment application. Spiromesifen caused mortality of 15.33% and 13.80% after 1 hour of spraying, 20.05% and 17.72% after 2 hours of spraying, and 21.52% and 14.33% after 3 hours of spraying, for lower and higher doses, respectively. Spiromesifen provided a median lethal time of 112.9 hours, regardless of dose and exposure time. After exposure to the lower dose of Spiromesifen at 1, 2, and 3 hours after spraying, 28.41%, 8.0%, and 17.0% of the bees were able to fly, respectively, while at the higher dose, 33.55% and 8.11% were able to fly after 1 and 2 hours of spraying. Bees exposed after 3 hours of spraying at the higher dose showed a flight activity similar to the absolute control. Contact with Spiromesifen residues on melon leaves was slightly lethal to the honey bee A. mellifera, but it reduced the flight capacity of surviving bees after exposure.
Variation in the Morphological Characters of the Hill and Plain Populations of Indian Honey Bee, Apis cerana indica (Fab.) in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Lalremliana J. , Srinivasan M. R. , Saminathan V. R. , Chitra N. , Mohankumar S. , Sabatina P. , Suroshe S. S. , Kumaranag K. M.
Published: November 2024

The present study investigates the morphological differences between the hill and plain populations of the Indian honey bee, Apis cerana indica Fabricius, collected from six different locations in Tamil Nadu, India: Coimbatore, Karumandhurai, Coonoor, Madurai, Dindigul, and Chidambaram during 2023-2024. Significant differences were found between the two populations based on a comprehensive morphometric analysis of 29 characters. The hill populations from TNAU Insectary (Marudhamalai hills), Karumandhurai (Kalvarayan hills), and Coonoor (Nilgiri hills), the mean altitude of the locations being 1207 m a.s.l. exhibited significantly higher values in several morphometric traits than the plain populations from Madurai, Dindigul, and Chidambaram, with a mean altitude of 124 m above MSL (P<0.05). Component loading analysis highlighted the key morphometric characters contributing to the first and second components of both ecotypes. In the plain population, breadth of the radial cell, breadth of the forewing, and length of the radial cell demonstrated strong positive correlations with the first principal component, explaining 16.4% of the variance. The second principal component, influenced by characters such as the length of the femur and breadth of the metatarsus, showed 12.2% of the variance. In the hill population, the length of the radial cell, length of vein R.L., and length of the hindwing were the most influential traits for the first principal component, explaining 28.0% of the variance. In contrast, the second component, which included the breadth of the forewing and length of vein I.L., explained 12.3% of the variance. Further, the cubital index, a critical morphometric parameter, also showed a statistically significant difference, with the hill population (3.55) showing a higher value than the plain population (3.29). The significant morphometric differences observed between the hill and plain populations of A. cerana indica may suggest that they have undergone morphological divergence, likely due to adaptations to their specific environmental conditions.
Automation for lateral flow rapid tests: Protocol for an open-source fluid handler and applications to dengue and African swine fever tests
Authors: Laurent Rohan , Hinnant Benjamin , Talbott Michael D. , Kim Kenneth
Published: November 2024

Lateral flow rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs, RTs) are cost-effective with low infrastructure requirements for limited-resource settings, and in any setting can represent a bridge between early disease monitoring at outbreak onset and fully-scaled molecular testing for human or animal diseases. However, the potential of RTs to handle higher throughput testing is hampered by the need for manual processing. Here we review dengue virus and African swine fever virus rapid tests, and present a novel protocol that employs an open-source fluid handler to automate the execution of up to 42 RTs per run. A publicly accessible website, rtWIZARD.lji.org, provides printouts for correctly spacing cassettes, worksheets for sample organization, and test-specific fluid handler protocols to accurately deliver samples from a 48-tube rack to each cassette’s sample and running buffer wells. An optional QR-coded sheet allows for de-identified sample-to-result traceability by producing a unique printable label for each cassette, enabling results to be entered via a scanner. This work describes a highly cost-effective model for increasing outbreak diagnostic efficiency and of increasing RT throughput for other applications including workplace testing, food safety, environmental testing, and defense applications.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Hepatitis B and vaccination status of pre-clinical medical students at Sylhet Women’s Medical College, Bangladesh
Authors: Lamichhane Ramesh , Adhikari Pritha , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Rai Aashika , Ojha Pratikshya , Maharjan Kripa , Ruche Hamida Sultana , Saha Madhusudan
Published: November 2024

Background

Hepatitis B is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of transmission is more common among health care personnels and medical students during their professional health trainings. Vaccination is the most effective means of prevention. The main objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Hepatitis B and vaccination among pre-clinical students in a medical college.

Materials and methods

A web-based, single-center, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pre-clinical medical students in Bangladesh from April 28, 2024, to May 4, 2024. The whole sampling technique method was used taking the entire population for our study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using JMP Pro V17 Statistical Software.

Results

Sixty-one (34%) students were vaccinated against Hepatitis B, of whom 18% received all three doses with a booster dose. The most common reason for non-vaccination was lack of awareness of one’s vaccination status (43%). The median knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores were 54 (50–60), 19 (17–21) and 20 (19–23) respectively, and they were moderately positively correlated. Forty-six (25.98%) students had a good overall KAP score (≥ 102).

Conclusion

Only one-third of the students had been vaccinated, and the commonest reason for non-vaccination was lack of awareness of one’s vaccination status. Nearly one-fourth of the participants had good knowledge, attitude, and practice related to Hepatitis B. Therefore, education regarding Hepatitis B infection, risk factors, and importance of vaccination is a must among pre-clinical medical students in Bangladesh.
Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on preventive behavior: The importance of confounder adjustment in observational studies
Authors: Sità Laura , Caserotti Marta , Zamparini Manuel , Lotto Lorella , de Girolamo Giovanni , Girardi Paolo
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical role of observational studies in evaluating the effectiveness of public health strategies. However, although many studies have explored the true impact of vaccination on preventive behavior, their results may be skewed by potential biases and confounding variables. This study examines the application of covariate adjustment and propensity score (PS) estimation, particularly through inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW), to assess their performance in reducing bias in a framework featuring ordinal outcomes and cumulative logistic regression models, as commonly used in observational studies related to social sciences and psychology. Before applying these methods to the case study, we conducted a simulation study that accounted for the presence or absence of model misspecification in an observational scenario with ordinal outcomes, binary treatment, and a continuous confounder. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining covariate adjustment with PS methods in reducing bias and improving causal inference. These methods were subsequently applied to an Italian observational study on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy conducted during the initial phase of the vaccination campaign (April-May 2021). Our analysis revealed that vaccination status had a limited short-term impact on the adoption of preventive measures. This study highlights the importance of employing appropriate adjustment techniques in observational research, particularly when evaluating complex behavioral outcomes. The results support the combined use of covariate adjustment and PS methods to enhance the reliability of findings, ultimately contributing to more informed public health decision-making.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of recombinant herpes zoster vaccine in immunocompromised populations
Authors: Marra Fawziah , Yip Michael , Cragg Jacquelyn J. , Vadlamudi Nirma Khatri
Published: November 2024

Importance

Herpes zoster infection is common in immunocompromised individuals. Recently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunizing with the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV).

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of RZV in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, individuals with preexisting autoimmune diseases and HIV-infected patients.

Data sources and selection

From January 1984 to October 2023, a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating RZV compared to placebo in immunocompromised adults were selected.

Data extraction

Study characteristics and estimates on the incidence of herpes zoster, immune responses, and safety data were extracted from studies. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using subgroup meta-analysis and metaregression.

Results

Seven RCTs were included. Compared to placebo, RZV reduced the incidence of herpes zoster across all ages by 81% (RR: 0.19, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.44), with moderate heterogeneity across the studies (I2 = 60.49%; τ2 = 0.31; P = 0.07). RZV significantly increased humoral and cellular immunity one month after the last dose. Transplant and past malignancy were associated with lower immunogenicity. RZV was more reactogenic with more local and systemic adverse events. There was no difference in serious adverse events or death between the two arms.

Conclusion

This study suggests that RZV reduces the risk of herpes zoster infection in immunocompromised individuals. This vaccine should be routinely offered to immunocompromised individuals, preferably before chemotherapy or treatment.
Validation of the biological function and prognostic significance of AURKA in neuroblastoma
Authors: Chu Jing
Published: November 2024

Background

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, and the AURKA gene encodes a protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation that plays an oncogenic role in a variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to validate the biological function and prognostic significance of AURKA in NB using basic experiments and bioinformatics.

Methods

Data obtained from Target and GEO databases were analyzed using various bioinformatic techniques. The expression of AURKA in 77 NB samples was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. The lentiviral RNA interference technique was employed to downregulate AURKA gene expression in NB cell lines. Additionally, cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to investigate the impact of AURKA expression on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis.

Results

A bioinformatic analysis showed that patients with NB in the AURKA-high-expression group had shorter OS (Overall Survival). Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that only activated CD4 T cell and type 2 T helper cell infiltration levels were higher in the AURKA-high-expression group than in the AURKA-low-expression group, with the infiltration levels of most other immune cells and cytokines lower in the high-expression group. Furthermore, the enhanced infiltration of activated CD4 T cells was associated with worse OS in patients with NB.

IHC results showed that the AURKA expression was correlated with MYCN status and INSS stage. Log-rank test showed that pathological type, MYCN status, INSS stage, COG risk group, and AURKA expression was related to PFS (Progression-free survival) of NB patients, but COX regression analysis showed that none of the above factors were independently prognostic for PFS.

In vitro, shRNA delivered via an AURKA-specific lentivirus significantly and consistently silenced endogenous AURKA expression in the human NB cell line SK-N-AS. This inhibited tumor cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, western blot assay showed significant reductions in the levels of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in the AURKA-knockdown group. I found in subsequent experiments that NFYB can bind to the AURKA promoter and thus promote AURKA expression.

Conclusions

High-level AURKA expression in NB is associated with poor patient prognosis. Silencing AURKA inhibited tumor cell proliferation, induced tumor cell apoptosis, and led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Mechanistically, AURKA knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation and the activation of the mTOR1/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling pathway. In addition, AURKA was observed to regulate the infiltration levels of various immune cells in the NB tumor microenvironment, resulting in remodeling of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Optimising instructional materials for Covid-19 rapid tests for self-sampling and testing: Mapping the optimization process of manufacturer’s instructions for use for self-testing RDTs intended for low-literacy contexts
Authors: Kumwenda Moses Kelly , Mukoka Madalo , Reipold-Ivanova Elena , Mhango Owen , Dunkley Yasmin , Abok Florence , Sibanda Euphemia , Watadzaushe Constancia , Corbett Elizabeth L. , Choko Augustine Talumba
Published: November 2024

Simple and easy to use kits for SARS-Cov-2 self-testing during epidemic waves are needed to optimize diagnostic capacity in low- and middle-income countries. SARS-Cov-2 self-testing kits are available, but application of these novel diagnostic technologies is less understood in low and middle-income contexts. We investigated the ability to understand and perform instructions for use (IFUs) for STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test (SD Biosensor) and Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device (Abbott Rapid Diagnostics) for anterior nares (AN) nasal self-sampling and self-testing for COVID-19 in rural and urban Malawi. Qualitative research methods using iterative cognitive interview approach was used to investigate the ability of healthcare providers and lay community members to understand and perform a COVID-19 self-sample or self-test using the manufacturer’s instructions for use. A total of 120 iterative cognitive interviews were done with healthcare providers and lay community members for self-sampling (N = 76) and self-testing (N = 44). Cognitive interviews began with the manufacturers version of instructions for use followed by subsequent iterations to refine problematic instructions. Structured interview guide and an observation checklist were used to collect data which was then coded inductively. A framework analysis approach was used to synthesize qualitative data. Study participants were generally proficient at performing a COVID-19 self-sampling and self-testing using the two COVID-19 Rapid Testing Devices. Several of design and content problems within manufacturer’s instructions for use made their contextual application sub-optimal. Overall, participants experienced difficulties because of the omission of essential elements within instructions, use of short texts/phrase or lack of a word instruction, the lack of labels on where to open the package; the inconsistencies between word instructions within the instructions for use and the physical contents of the test package; the inability to digest and apply certain technical concepts and the lack of clarity in the phrasing of some text instructions. As expected, healthcare providers experienced fewer problems compared to lay community members. The refinement of these instructions greatly improved comprehension among lay community members. Self-sampling and self-testing for COVID-19 can be performed lay community members with fidelity in a scaled context if the manufacturer’s instructions for use have been refined and tailored to the context. In the current study, we have used the study findings to map the optimisation process of manufacturer’s IFU’S for self-testing RDT’s intended for low literacy contexts including Malawi.
Effects of copper nanoparticles synthesized from the entomopathogen Metarhizium robertsii against the dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894)
Authors: Vivekanandhan Perumal , Swathy Kannan , Sarayut Pittarate , Krutmuang Patcharin
Published: November 2024

Aedes albopictus, known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is a significant vector for dengue fever, chikungunya, zika virus, yellow fever. Current control methods rely on chemical insecticides, which face challenges such as resistance, environmental harm, and impact on non-target species Eudrilus eugeniae and Artemia salina. This study evaluates the toxic effects of biogenic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesized using Metarhizium robertsii intracellular extract obtained from our previous research. The CuNPs were tested against A. albopictus and non-target species at 24 and 48 hours post-treatment. Results demonstrated that entomopathogenic fungi-derived CuNPs exhibited potent mosquitocidal activity, resulting in 97.33% mortality in larvae, 93.33% in pupae, and 74.66% in adults at 48 hours post-treatment. The CuNPs derived from M. robertsii showed lower LC50 values of 74.873 mg/L in larvae, 76.101 mg/L in pupae, and 136.645 mg/L in adults at 48 hours post-treatment. Additionally, 12 hours post-treatment, catalase (an antioxidant enzyme) activity decreased 1.5-fold in a dose-dependent manner, while glutathione S-transferase (a detoxification enzyme) activity increased 7.8-fold. CuNPs demonstrated lower toxicity to non-target species, with 24% mortality in A. salina and 24.44% mortality in E. eugeniae at 24 hours post-treatment. The LC50 values were 634.747 mg/L for A. salina and 602.494 mg/L for E. eugeniae at 24 hours post-treatment. These findings indicate that entomopathogenic fungi-derived CuNPs are a promising, target-specific candidate for controlling A. albopictus at various life stages (larvae, pupae, and adults).
The Roman army in Central Portugal: Reassessing the archaeological evidence of two possible military sites
Authors: Vilarinho Gil , Canha Alexandre Jorge , Fonte João
Published: November 2024

Following a complementary non-invasive analysis including satellite and aerial imagery, as well as UAV-based photogrammetric and LiDAR surveys, this paper presents and discusses the Roman military evidence identified at Alto do Golado (São Pedro do Sul) and Modedufe (Lamego). Though the archaeological remains of these sites have been partly noticed before, undetected relevant aspects resulted in misinterpretations, which are now reassessed in this study. Constituting the first known evidence of the Roman army in the region located between the Vouga and Douro rivers, further analysis of computed GIS models resulted in some hypotheses regarding mobility, visibility and territorial control. Ultimately, this paper also stresses the importance and the need for additional, invasive archaeological research to validate these hypotheses and, consequently, contribute to a better understanding not only of the sites here discussed but also of the Roman military presence in Western Iberia.
On the solvability of a higher-order semilinear ODE
Authors: Danet Cristian-Paul
Published: November 2024

The existence of at least one or two nontrivial solutions to a general higher-order boundary value problem is established by using variational tools. Two of the results are obtained without any asymptotic behaviour at infinity of potential
F
of the nonlinear term
f
, which is a key condition in the available literature, when applying critical point theorems. Moreover,
F
may change sign. The last result is stated when the nonlinearity has asymptotic behaviour at both infinity and zero.
Normal forms for retarded functional differential equations associated with zero-double-Hopf singularity with
1
:
1
resonance
Authors: Achouri Houssem
Published: November 2024

This manuscript introduces a framework that focuses on the singularity of a zero-double-Hopf system with
1
:
1
resonance in general retarded differential equations (RDDs). Initially, practical algorithms are proposed to identify the zero-double-Hopf singularity and the associated generalized eigenspace that corresponds to zero and two pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues. Subsequently, by utilizing center manifold reduction and normal form techniques, we derive a reduced form of parameterized retarded differential systems up to third-order terms.