bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using bio-manipulation to optimise the use of organic phosphorus compounds in intensive farm systems
Authors: Abbruzzese Vito
Published: September 2021

Organic phosphorus (Po) compounds in soil often comprise a large component of soil total P (up to 84% for pasture), and represent a potentially significant source of P for agricultural production. Information on the quantities and forms of soil Po remains relatively limited, but we do know that inositol phosphates and their numerous metal-ion derivatives often constitute the dominant form of soil total Po. In addition, other phosphate esters, such as sugar phosphates, phospholipids and nucleic acids have often been identified in smaller quantities within soils. Various soil microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilising microorganisms (PSMs), can access inositol phosphates and other Po compounds. These microorganisms play an important role in the mineralisation of soil Po and the release of inorganic phosphorus compounds to soil solution or for direct plant uptake. Our research aims to explore the extent to which the coupled microbial and enzyme system with agricultural soils might be manipulated in order to increase the value derived from soil Po compounds as part of agricultural production. Specifically, we describe research focussed on inoculation experiments in which selected fungal and bacterial strains, alongside extracellular phosphatase enzymes, are trialled for their efficacy with respect to the mineralisation and solubilisation of Po compounds within soils. For example, arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota could be introduced to soil ecosystems in order to benefit from the symbiotic endobacteria living inside the fungus whose genes are involved in mineral P acquisition. Such AMs could be mixed with strains of some of the most beneficial PSMs for Po mineralisation, e.g. Azospirillum spp., Bacillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Rhizobium spp. In addition, bacterial strains such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, FZB42 and FZB45, could be inoculated in soils due to their ability to secrete extracellular phosphatase enzymes. Our research focuses on the extent to which inoculations could increase the availability of phosphorus within soils for agricultural production, focussing largely on livestock farms and associated grass quality and yields. In particular, we will examine whether inoculation of livestock slurries and manures provides a vector for indirect manipulation of soil microbial and enzyme systems within livestock farms. The ultimate aim of this approach is to reduce the reliance of agricultural production on finite inorganic phosphorus fertiliser reserves.
FISIKA 1
Authors: Suryanto Andi , Bakhri Syamsul
Published: September 2021

Buku Fisika 1 ini disusun berbasis kompetensi yangdiperuntukkan bagi Mahasiswa pada Tahun Pertama diPerguruan Tinggi, dengan pola penulisan yang dirancangdengan menggunakan bahasa yang sederhana, paparan materi yang rinci, hubungan antar sub-pokok bahasan yangberkelanjutan, contoh soal beserta pemecahannya, dan soal latihan yang menantang. Buku ini berisi materi tentang Kinematika, Gerak Dan Gaya, Kerja Dan Energi, Momentum Linier Dan Tumbukan, Momentum Sudut Dan Benda Tegar, Gerak Osilasi.
Clinical behavior analysis and RFT: Conceptualizing psychopathology and its treatment
Authors: Luciano Carmen , Törneke Niklas , Ruiz Francisco J.
Published: September 2021

Not applicable for this chapter
Developing Prior Distributions for Bayesian Meta-Analyses
Authors: McKinney Kaitlan , Stefan Angelika Marlene , Gronau Quentin Frederik
Published: September 2021

One effective way to consolidate studies is to use Bayesian meta-analyses. Bayesian methodology allows researchers to integrate their own predictions into the analysis. However, researchers may struggle to decide which prior distribution is appropriate. To help researchers in this pursuit, we outline a method to develop prior distributions based on past data. We constructed three prior distributions based on 100 social psychology meta-analyses of the past 20 years. We fit distributions to the data using maximum likelihood estimation. We then tested the effectiveness of our prior distributions against uninformed alternatives using testing data that had been separated out during the fitting process. Our prior distributions resulted in larger Bayes factors than the alternatives. Our results showcase the methodology’s potential to develop informed prior distributions for various purposes in the future.
A Reflective Analysis on Neurodiversity and Student Wellbeing: Conceptualising Practical Strategies for Inclusive Practice
Authors: Spaeth Elliott , Pearson Amy
Published: September 2021

With the number of neurodivergent students entering Higher Education increasing, it is essential that we understand how to provide an inclusive educational experience which facilitates positive wellbeing. In this reflective analysis we draw upon our position as neurodivergent academics alongside relevant theory and literature to foster understanding and provide practical strategies for those supporting neurodivergent students. We emphasise the importance of questioning normative assumptions around expected student learning behaviours, and the negative impact that these assumptions can have upon neurodivergent students. We then provide several practical strategies that can be used to develop more inclusive practice, drawing upon principles embedded within a Universal Design for Learning approach.
How Are Conspiracy Beliefs Associated with Generosity?
Authors: Alper Sinan , Toribio-Flórez Daniel , Douglas Karen , Capraro Valerio
Published: September 2021

Conspiracy believers tend to trust people less, exhibit greater antisocial tendencies, and are more self-centered. In the current research, we investigate whether conspiracy believers are also less likely to be generous. In Study 1 (N = 45,073 from 52 countries), in the context of COVID-19, we found that participants with higher COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs were less likely to donate to national and international charities, and that this negative association was stronger for donations to national charities. In Study 2 (N = 850; UK sample), using an economic game with real monetary incentives, we replicated this negative association between more general conspiracy beliefs and donations to charities for childhood cancer, a less politicized issue. However, contrary to Study 1, the negative association was stronger for donations to international charities. These findings suggest that both the issue and the recipient of donations influence whether conspiracy believers exhibit less generosity.
A Taxonomy of Identity Safety Cues Based on Gender and Race: From a Promising Past to an Intersectional and Translational Future
Authors: Matsick Jes , Kruk Mary
Published: September 2021

Identity safety cues refer to aspects of the environment or social setting that communicate one is valued and the threat of discrimination is limited. In this article, we review the content of identity safety cues, their strengths and limitations, and implications for future theory, research, and practice. A close analysis of the identity safety cue literature can inform the efforts of individuals and organizations who aim to enhance social inclusion and promote diversity. Searching databases for safety cue research (e.g., Google Scholar, PsycINFO), we found more than 35 peer-reviewed articles that explicitly addressed identity safety cues. We synthesized the literature to produce a novel taxonomy of identity safety cues that target stigmatized groups, namely those minoritized by gender and race. A taxonomy of identity safety cues can facilitate clear and universal communication about the science, delineate types of operational definitions, and direct future research and theorizing. Our review revealed that knowledge of cues is often limited by unidimensional identity characteristics (i.e., targeting gender or race, not both), and we discovered four cue categories that induced identity safety: minority representation, diversity philosophies and programming, environmental features, and identity-safe information. The significance of this review is that, beyond establishing the only known taxonomy of identity safety cues, we critically examine the strengths and weaknesses of cue efficacy and provide a forward-thinking discussion of theoretical implications and broader impacts, focusing on the expansion of intersectionality theorizing and the translation of identity safety cue research.
Are American Presidents Becoming Less Rhetorically Complex? Evaluating the Integrative Complexity of Joe Biden and Donald Trump in Historical Context
Authors: Conway Lucian Gideon , Zubrod Alivia
Published: September 2021

Are American political leaders becoming simpler in their rhetoric? To evaluate, in the present study we place the two most recent U.S. presidents’ integrative complexity against a historical context for three different types of comparable materials: Presidential Debates, Inaugural Addresses, and State of the Union (SOTU) speeches. Results overwhelmingly suggest that both Joe Biden and Donald Trump are historically simple when compared to the typical president, and that is true both across parties and within their own political party. Further, segmented regression analyses suggest that part of the reason for Biden’s and Trump’s low complexity is the continuation of an ongoing historical decline in complexity among Presidents that began in 1960. However, each president uniquely defies this trend on one material type: Biden is a historical outlier for his low-complexity debates, and Trump is a historical outlier for his low-complexity inauguration speech. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that although American presidents have been declining in complexity, both Biden and Trump are nonetheless uniquely low in complexity in some ways – possibly for reasons that are different for each president.
Stress regulation via self-administered mindfulness and biofeedback interventions in adults: A pre-registered meta-analysis
Authors: Sparacio Alessandro , Ropovik Ivan , Jiga-Boy Gabriela M. , Forscher Patrick S. , Paris Bastien , IJzerman Hans
Published: September 2021

We conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis to appraise available evidence on two stress regulation strategies: Self-administered mindfulness meditation and heart rate variability biofeedback. We used a combination of keywords to find as many experimental and observational studies as possible, all of which highlighted a link between the two strategies and different components of stress (physiological, affective, and cognitive) and affective consequences of stress. To provide publication bias-corrected estimates, we employed multilevel regression-based methods and permutation-based selection models. We found no evidence for the efficacy of either strategy, which is mostly due to the low quality of the literature, high heterogeneity, high risk of bias, and the lack of Registered Reports. We recommend against relying on these interventions prior to obtaining a more reliable evidence base.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of solvent fractions and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes
Authors: Thuvaragan S , Nishadini NVC , Gnanakarunyan T , Srikaran R
Published: September 2021

Cyperus rotundus L. belongs to the family Cyperaceae. It is used to treat constipation, stomach disorders, dysmenorrhea, skin diseases, wounds, leprosy, fever, etc., in indigenous medicine. Also, they are used to treat itchy pus-filled pimples in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of different solvent fractions and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes. Soxhlet apparatus was used to obtain the methanolic and petroleum ether extracts from rhizomes, and essential oil was extracted using steam distillation. The antibacterial activity of extracts and essential oils was determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the agar disc diffusion method. The activity was compared with Gentamycin as standard. The activity of extracts and essential oil were compared with one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. The results showed that both extracts and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes showed a statistically significant difference in antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compare to the standard drug, Gentamycin. The essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes showed comparatively higher antibacterial activity than extracts. Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to methanolic extract and essential oil than petroleum ether extract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more susceptible to essential oil and petroleum ether extract than methanol extract. Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes possess good antibacterial activity, and further studies are required to isolate active phytochemicals and screen for antimicrobial activity.
Phytochemical Screening and Thin Layer Chromatography Profiling of Various Extracts of Achyranthes aspera and Cissus quadrangularis
Authors: Sureshkumar V
Published: September 2021

Achyranthes aspera and Cissus quadrangularis are important medicinal plants possessing wide biological activity. The natural products obtained from plants provides an unique opportunity for the development of new drugs but due to their complex nature there is a need to isolate and purify the bioactive compounds from plant extracts by separation techniques. Our earlier findings revealed that methanol extracts of A. aspera and C. quadrangularis and aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis exhibited antibacterial activity. This prompted to take up further research to reveal these plants’ potential valuable phytochemicals and therefore an attempt has been made to separate the phytochemical constituents of methanol and aqueous extracts of A. aspera and C. quadrangularis by thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical screening of both plant extracts revealed more concentrated phytochemicals in methanol extracts than in aqueous extracts. The TLC profiling showed that methanol extract of A. aspera and C. quadrangularis are rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Flavonoids were separated with n-butanol:ethyl acetate:water (1:2:3) solvent system at Rf value of 0.66 and was confirmed by post-development derivatization with 3% boric acid and 10% oxalic acid spray. After derivatization, the flavonoid spot could be further visualized under UV light at 254nm. Phenolic compounds were separated with methanol:water (2:1) solvent system at Rf value of 0.88 and confirmed with 10% ferric chloride spray. From the present study, suitable mobile phase for separation of flavonoids and phenolic compound fraction from methanol and aqueous extracts of both plants and TLC profiling have been developed.
Silymarin: An account of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
Authors: Qadir Abdul , Sahoo PK
Published: September 2021

Background: Silymarin exhibits inherent hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity caused by its control of free radicals (FR), which are produced by the hepatic metabolism of toxic chemicals such as C2H5OH, para-acetaminophen, or CCL4. 3464 types of research have been conducted on silymarin or its formulations. Out of these researches, 43 clinical studies on silymarin and 21 on the Milk thistle have been enrolled and conducted the clinical study. Thus, silymarin became a breakthrough in treating hepatotoxicity due to medicines. Aim and objective: Our aim is to review the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities and the recent clinical trials of silymarin. Methods: For this review, electronic databases viz pub med, Medline, science direct and sci-hub identified more than 100 research and review papers searched using Mesh terms silymarin, silibinin, silicristin, or milk thistle and including clinical studies. Only 65 selected and analyzed with the criteria randomized double-' or 'singleblind'. These publications were analyzed and discussed from a pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics point of view and meta-analytic calculations were carried out. Results: An amount of 3464 publications were selected and worked. Out of the complete database search, only 21 were included in the systematic analytical review and 9 in the meta-analysis, as per the user pre selection criteria and define parameters. In our study, the results indicated a reduction of (95 percent CI) at the range of ALT and 0.53 IUmL-1 (95 percent CI) at the serum levels of AST after using the silymarin, both, statistically significant, but with no clinical relevance. The outcome findings presented a comprehensive grade of heterogeneity and relatively low methodological worth in the carried out analysis. Conclusions: Based on the present clinical evidence it can be established - concerning probable risks /probable benefits - that it is reasonable to recommended silymarin as a supportive element and prophylactic in the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
Review on Scope of Pharmacognosy graduate in various government research institutes in India
Authors: Muthuraj S , Seeni MK , Muthusamy P , Sampathkumar T
Published: September 2021

The Pharmacognosy is study of crude drugs, the role of Pharmacognosist difference based on the research institute. In India lot of research of institute available for development of herbal and traditional based drugs such as phytopharmaceutical, chemistry of natural products and siddha, Ayurveda, Unnai propertery drugs. The graduate from Pharmacognosy have lot of carrier opportunities and temporary project Positions such as JRF, Project associate in various research instititute such as CSIR-CDRI, CIAMP, IIIM, IHBT NBRI. The another very important scope of Pharmacognosist in AYUSH Department, the ministry of ayush estabalished various research lab for development Ayruveda, siddha, unani, and hemopathy medicine they are like CCRAS, CCRS, CCRH, CCRUM. The role of Pharmacognosist in ayush institute such as authentication and standardization of raw drugs and formulated crude drugs as churna, chooranam etc. Indian pharmacopeia laboratory also a very important carrier opportunites for phamacognosy graduate.
Influence of Altitude Training on Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Japanese Collegiate Swimmers
Authors:   Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Watanabe Koichi , Jesmin Subrina ,   Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Takeda Tsuyoshi ,   Juntendo University, Japan, Shiraki Takahisa ,   Department of Law, Toyo University, Japan,   Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Published: September 2021

Objective and method: To examine the effect of altitude swimming training on BNP (Brain natriuretic peptide) and ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) levels, and evaluate if BNP and ANP can be hemodynamic markers of hypoxia- and traininginduced stress, Ten collegiate swimmers (Tr) who participated in the altitude training camp at 1900m and 5 healthy subjects (Con) were participated in this study. Blood samples were obtained before the training (day0: Pre), during the training (day5: T1, 10: T2, 16: T3), and after the training (5th after descent: Post). Results: Chronologically, BNP of Tr decreased immediately after ascent and increased thereafter, however the changes were not significant. ANP levels were almost unchanged in Tr, whereas there was an increase at T1 in Con compared with Tr (P<0.05). BNP/ANP ratio was significantly higher in Tr (P<0.05) than Con at T3. The results of our study indicate that swimming training at an altitude of 1900m may influence ANP and BNP in the different way, and the stimuli of training is dominant to the hypoxic stress. Conclusion: Our results suggest that we can evaluate the training and hypoxic stress based on natriuretic peptide levels, and predict the hemodynamics or dehydration state by monitoring the natriuretic peptide levels during altitude training
Effect of Different Exercise and Nutrition in Reducing Risk of Obesity: Systematic Review
Authors:   PhD Scholar in Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, Worku Mulugeta
Published: September 2021

The systematic review mainly focuses on the effects of a variety of exercises to reduce the risk of obesity. Primarily, patients’ cheek health status in medical centers or hospitals before doing any exercise programs. To reduce obesity and have good, smart, body composition different scholars recommended that they have to perform aerobic exercise for 30 minutes five days per week are good. Obesity is a serious problem for sedentary peoples and caused by excessive accumulation of fat in the body and lack of exercise training to control overweight. It affects daily human quality of spirit and health conditions. Aerobic exercise, resistance training and intensity training are very important to reduce risk of obesity health problems such as high blood pressure, cancer and diabetes. The article reviewed from survey research, experimental and cross sectional research design researches. Lack of regular exercise, sedentary lifestyle and consuming fatty foods leads persons to obesity and overweight. Conclusion engaging in physical activity helps to have good posture and simply reduce the medical costs of persons
The impact of teaching competencies proactive approach on the level of learning motor performance in the longjump and some basic skills in volleyball
Authors:   Laboratory of Applied Sciences in Human Movement-Institute of Sports and Physical Education, University of Mostaganem, Algeria, Ahmed Dr. Ahsen , BelkebicheKada Dr. ,   Laboratory of Applied Sciences in Human Movement-Institute of Sports and Physical Education, University of Mostaganem, Algeria, Djamel Dr. Mokrani ,   Laboratory of Applied Sciences in Human Movement-Institute of Sports and Physical Education, University of Mostaganem, Algeria, Mohamed Dr. Keroum ,   Laboratory of Applied Sciences in Human Movement-Institute of Sports and Physical Education, University of Mostaganem, Algeria
Published: September 2021

Background: Among the physical education and sports goals in the secondary phase of the development of physical and motor side with the student, and this is because they contain a variety of them sporting activities long jump and volleyball, where the curriculum seeks through these activities to achieve dynamic sensory goals that focus on the physical and skill aspects depending on the nature all sporting activity. It is understood that the teaching of physical education and sports are currently in accordance with the approach competencies system since 2003 on the grounds that it is compatible with the efforts of the school at the moment working on a comprehensive student-prepared to cope with the burdens of professional life in the future.On the basis of the total points of the most important teaching competencies proactive approach it has been limited to the field of study in trying to figure out the impact of teaching competencies proactive approach to learning motor performance in the long jump and some skills in volleyball.We have pursued in this study as a survey descriptive approach patterns, where research sample included 52 students of the third year students of secondary camp, where divided equally male and female, after statistical processing and analysis was reached following application of the approach system competencies and extending its compatibility with a private game of volleyball and the effectiveness of the long jump curriculum, and how to achieve educational goals associated side sensory motor, and how assessment, where we came to identify card Note to assess motor performance in the long jump in addition to determining the basic skills in volleyball. ● system approach to teaching competencies contribute positively in learning some motor skills in volleyball. ● system approach to teaching competencies in learning positively affect motor performance term except to approach the stage to jump
The relationship between age and athletes' view of the phenomenon of doping
Authors:   Master of Science (MSc), Sport Management Department, College of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, Kiani Mohammad Saeed , Moghaddam Keivan Shabani ,   Assistant Professor, Sport Management Department, College of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and athletes' attitude to doping. A 40- question researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research subject and its reliability was reported to be 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes in Kermanshah province that to the large number of samples, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, 700 questionnaires were returned, out of which 431 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, tables, graphs, etc.) for analysis of data as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent t-test and analysis of variance) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The results showed that there is a difference between the new generation of athletes and the older generation in terms of doping. Therefore, the athlete should consult with experienced people (those who use these substances) and a physician, and be aware of the side effects of these supplements by attending training and science classes. Avoid using them whenever possible.
Analyzing the Challenges of Female Audience Participation in Iranian Stadiums
Authors:   Ph.D. student Sport Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran, Kian Mohammadsaeid , Shahbazpour leila ,   M.Sc. in Sport Management, Shahrood University of Technohogy, Iran
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: The purpose of this article is to examine the barriers and challenges for female spectators in Iranian stadiums and to provide facilitating strategies. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with an overview of the prevailing conditions of society as well as reviewing Iranian law and referring to sports legal and legal texts. The researcher examines the fatwas of Shia authorities and the historical background of Iranian sports from 1970 to 2019, and the presence of women in stadiums in the past, and examines the conditions for collecting relevant material in this field. Results: Women were free to attend Iranian stadiums in the pre-revolutionary years, and Iranian women could freely watch national and club games, but in the post-revolutionary years, in line with the Islamic Republic's policies on the separation of women and men and the views of authorities. Shi'a imitation and religious rulings and religious issues were limited. As part of the country's overall policies on women, sport was also affected by these policies, and it seems that removing these barriers should be seen in a broader theoretical framework. Conclusion: By examining the current state of the country and examining Iranian law and referring to Iranian history from 1970 to 2019, the researcher has concluded that we do not have a law prohibiting women from entering the stadium, which is a public place. They are there to watch the matches and cheer on their favorite teamn
Gender differences in athletes’ attitudes and familiarity with drugs and unauthorized training methods
Authors:   Ph.D. Student, Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran, Kiani Mohammad Saeed , Moghaddam Keivan Shabani ,   Faculty member of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences between men and women regarding the level of familiarity with unauthorized drugs. A 40-question researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research subject and its reliability was reported to be 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes in Kermanshah province. Due to the large number of samples, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, 700 questionnaires were returned, out of which 431 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, tables, graphs, etc.) for analysis of data as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test and variance analysis) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of familiarity with unauthorized drugs. As a result, men are less familiar with unauthorized drugs than women
Knowledge on Childhood Dental Caries Among Parents of Under Five Children in A Community at Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Sarmila , Khadgi Deepika , Yengden Namita , Khadgi Karishma
Published: September 2021

Dental caries is a major public health problem globally and is one of the most chronic diseases in children. Children are susceptible to caries as soon as the first teeth appear. Parents are the primary decision-makers in matters of children's healthcare. If the parents are knowledgeable about the child's oral health care then childhood dental caries can be prevented. The objective of this study was to identify the knowledge on childhood dental caries among parents of under five children. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among parents of under five children in a community of Biratnagar 12. Sample was selected using non probability purposive sampling method and data was collected by face-to-face interview using a self-developed, semi-structured interview guideline. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was used to assess the level of knowledge and inferential statistics i.e chi square was used to find the association between dependent and independent variables. About three fourths (71%) of the parents were of age group 20-30 years and 88% of them were mothers. Most of the parents (90%) were aware that dental caries can occur in under five children and excessive sugar intake was the most common cause as reported by all of them. Only 40% knew that dental caries is transmissible and among them 97.6% responded by sharing of toothbrush. Regarding good brushing habit, most of the parents were aware. Almost all (95%) knew that proper tooth brushing helps to prevent dental caries whereas only 19% were aware about use of fluoridated tooth paste as preventive measures. Meanwhile, only 12% of the parents were aware that first dental visit should be done when first tooth erupts or within 1 year of age More than half (79%) had good knowledge on childhood dental caries but there was no association of knowledge with socio-demographic variables. The study concluded that more than half of the respondents had good knowledge on childhood dental caries and none of the socio-demographic variables were associated with the level of knowledge of parents on dental caries. Despite good knowledge, prevalence of childhood dental caries is high in our society thus reflecting the need to assess the practice of dental care.
Croatian Blends in the 1980s (Feral’s First 10 Years)
Authors: Marković Ivan
Published: September 2021

The paper is a report on the yet unreaserched corpus of Croatian blends collected from the first ten yearly volumes of the satirical weekly Feral or Feral Tribune. Basic formal characteristics of the blends are further expounded. Three findings are brought forward. Firstly, blends were rare in Feral until 1989, when they became very frequent, and equal in form and content to blends in subsequent Feral Tribune. Secondly, in the 1980s there were more blends in the weekly Nedjeljna Dalmacija than in Feral, which was a supplement to Nedjeljna Dalmacija; this gives us a better idea of the general pulse of Croatian blending in the 1980s. Thirdly, comics author Ivica Bednjanec remains, as far as we know, the most prolific blend-maker of the decade. The following was established regarding semantic and formal characteristics of the blends in Feral. First, 80% of a total of 210 blends are nouns. Second, 46% of blends consist of a name as one of their components. In 61% of cases, the name is the first blend component. Third, a relatively large number of blends have the acronym (13%) as one of their components. In 69% of cases, the acronym is the first blend component. Fourth, the first blend component tends to be somewhat shorter in general. The ratio of the number of syllables in the analyzed corpus is 1.00 : 1.18. Fifth, there are extremely few blends with a simultaneous clipping of the ending of the first and the beginning of the second component. The blends of the analyzed corpus are based on the overlapping of the same phonetic material of the first and the second components.
Dijalekti i jezični varijeteti u hrvatskom medijskom prostoru
Authors: Banković-Mandić Ivančica
Published: September 2021

U hrvatskom medijskom prostoru (televizija, radio, film, kazalište itd.) u posljednjih dvadesetak godina sve su više prisutni dijalekti i različiti jezični varijeteti koji su u bivšoj Jugoslaviji smatrani perifernima, premda su najpopularniej serije bile upravo one na dijalektu – Gruntovčani, Naše malo misto, Velo misto, Prosjaci i sinovi itd. U stručnim i znanstvenim radovima sve se više (pre)-ispituje što je hrvatski standardni jezik i tko su govorni uzori hrvatskog standardnog jezika. Najbliže su standardnom govoru kakav opisuju normativni priručnici spikeri i voditelji javne televizije te voditelji središnjih informativnih emisija komercijalnih televizija. Prema percepciji publike standardni izgovori u filmovima i kazališnim predstavama ocijenjeni su umjetnim i neživotnim. U televizijskim emisijama različitih tema (glazbenim, kulinarskim, putopisnim) voditelji i gosti govore svojim lokalnim idiomima. Filmovi i kazališne predstave govorno također oslikavaju sredinu o kojoj govore. Glazbeni prostor zauzimaju tekstovi na dijalektima i idiomima određenih gradova i krajeva. Strani crtani filmovi redovito su sinkronizirani na hrvatski u dijalektima. Pri tome se njeguju određeni stereotipi – galebovi govore čakavski, dobroćudni, naivni i tradicionalni, ali tvrdoglavi likovi govore štokavskim dijalektom (ikavicom) – najčešće govorom Dalmatinske zagore, kajkavskim inačicama govore priprosti likovi, urbani likovi govore zagrebačkom kajkavštinom itd. Sudionici razgovora na različitim portalima uglavnom se služe svojim lokalnim idiomima. U radu će se staviti u odnos i aktualno promoviranje lokalnih idioma u hrvatskom medijskom prostoru naspram globalizacije u europskom medijskom prostoru (zašto su poljski Lolek i Bolek postali Jim i Jam?).
Glagoljaška djelatnost na zapadnoj periferiji
Authors: Zubčić Sanja
Published: September 2021

The Glagolitic space refers to the area where in the Middle Ages or the Early Modern Period the Glagolitic script was used in texts of different genres and on different surfaces, and/or where the liturgy was held in Croatian Church Slavonic, adopting a positive and affirmative attitude towards Glagolitism. In line with known historical and social circumstances, Glagolitism developed on Croatian soil, more intensely on its southern, especially south-western part (Istria, Northern Croatian Littoral, Lika, northern Dalmatia and adjacent islands). Glagolitism was also thriving in the western periphery of that space, in today’s Slovenia and Italy, leading to the discovery and description of different Glagolitic works. It is the latter, their structure and language, that will be the subject of this paper. Starting from the thesis that innovations in language develop radially, i.e. starting from the center and spreading towards the periphery, it is possible to assume that in the western Glagolitic periphery some more archaic dialectal features will be confirmed among the elements of the vernacular. It is important that these monuments were created and used in an area where the majority language is not Croatian, so the influence of foreign language elements or other ways of expressing multilingualism can be expected. The paper will outline the Glagolitic activity in the abovementioned space and the works preserved therein. In order to determine the differences between Glagolitic works originating from the peripheral and central Glagolitic space, the type and structure of Glagolitic inscriptions and manuscripts from Slovenia and Italy will also be analysed, especially with respect to potential periphery-specific linguistic features. Special attention is paid to the analysis of selected isoglosses in the Notebook or Register of the Brotherhood of St. Anthony the Abbot from San Dorligo della Valle.
A Case of Chronic Relapsing Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Toh Steven , Shen Chean Chung
Published: September 2021

Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is a recently described form of recurrent isolated subacute optic neuropathy, with accumulating evidence that it is a nosological distinct entity. The condition is highly responsive to systemic steroid treatment and prone to relapse on steroid withdrawal. Diagnosis and management of this condition is often challenging. This 33-year-old lady with family history of multiple sclerosis (MS), with uniocular visual loss of her right eye since 2 years old without apparent cause, presented with reduction of vision and loss of colour vision in the left eye, associated with painful eye movement. There was internuclear ophthalmoplegia but slit lamp examination were unremarkable. She had no other related sensory or motor symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal any features of MS. Aquaporin-4 antibody, anti-MOG and gene testing for Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy were all negative. Metabolic, infective, and other autoimmune causes were also excluded. Visual evoked potential studies of left eye showed a mild reduction in amplitude with no prolongation of latency. Her multiple optic neuritis recurrences were treated with intravenous steroids followed by tapering regime of oral prednisolone with good effect. Knowledge of this rare condition as part of the differential diagnoses of possible aetiologies of optic neuropathy is important among Ophthalmologists, as prompt diagnosis and steroid treatment helped reduce the associated risk of blindness. Multiple relapses after initial successful treatment of inflammatory optic neuropathy should raise the suspicion of CRION.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S19
Lucio Phenomenon: A Rare Manifestation of Leprosy in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Binti Allapitchai Shahrizan Majid
Published: September 2021

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, predominantly affecting the skin and peripheral nerves. Lucio phenomenon is a rare reactional state presenting in patient with lepromatous leprosy and described as acute cutaneous necrotising vasculitis. We discussed the case of a 38-year-old male patient presenting with oedematous and dusky discolouration of bilateral hands and feet associated with diffuse facial involvement. His skin condition gradually worsened to form multiple ulcers with bizarre shaped purpuric lesion over bilateral upper and lower limbs, trunk, and face. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy showed multiple acid-fast bacilli and diagnosis of Lucio’s phenomenon was made in the background of lepromatous leprosy. He was treated with multi drug therapy (MDT) as recommended by the WHO guidelines. A better understanding of rarer manifestation of this illness is important for early diagnosis and to prevent significant morbidity associated with it.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S20
Case Of NAIT Causing Severe Thrombocytopenia due to Anti-HLA Class I
Authors: Binti Ashamuddin Noor Aqilah , Mohd Noor Sabariah Binti , Mohd Yasin Irni Binti
Published: September 2021

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is the leading cause of thrombocytopenia in otherwise healthy new-born. (1,2) Maternal antibodies raised against paternally inherited alloantigen carried on fetal platelet causing NAIT. Maternal IgG antibodies passed through to the fetal via the placenta, attack and cause the destruction of the fetal platelet. (3) We present a case of NAIT without any complications in a premature baby (35 weeks) with VACREL association, G6PD deficiency, left calcified cephalohaematoma, cardiomegaly and hypospadias with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet counts is 23 109/L) at day two of life and received twice platelet transfusion. Platelet count initially 123 109/L at birth but significantly drop and persistently less than 50 109/L until day 10 of life before it normalized. Maternal serum antibody screening was negative, but platelet immunology test detected maternal platelet-reactive antibody Anti-HLA Class I and correlates with incompatible parental crossmatch indicating that parent had “platelet-antigen incompatibility”. The goal of obstetric management is to identify pregnancies at risk and prevent intracranial haemorrhage. (4) There is no evidence to support routine screening for pregnancies as per current practice. (2, 5) The latest treatments include maternal administration of intravenous immunoglobulin to suppress maternal antibody production and or to reduce placental transfer of antibodies; with or without steroids during antepartum period besides planning of mode, timing and method of delivery. (2, 5, 6, 7) This is a rare and unique case of NAIT secondary to Anti-HLA Class I antibody and hence clinician should be au fait with the diagnosis and management as it is infrequent among Malaysian.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S21
A Rare Case of Rathke’s Cleft Cyst Apoplexy
Authors: Din Amalina Che , Fong Celine , Ong Chon Sum
Published: September 2021

The occurrence of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) apoplexy is extremely rare. This is often misdiagnosed due to similar presentations to subarachnoid haemorrhage and pituitary apoplexy. This case highlights an excellent example of similar clinical presentation and serves as a learning case for clinicians. A 40-year-old lady presented to a district hospital with 9 days of worsening severe headache associated with blurring of vision, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea and vomiting. Nuchal rigidity and Brudzinski’s positive. Blood test showed hyponatremia, raised inflammatory markers and normal dynamic pituitary function test. CT Head demonstrated no evidence of space-occupying lesion or intracranial haemorrhage. Lumbar puncture showed xanthochromia positive consistent with subarachnoid haemorrhage. MRI head advised by Neurosurgery team and revealed a focal lesion involving anterior pituitary macroadenoma with mass effect on optic chiasm with possible haemorrhage within. Further assessment in tertiary hospital confirmed loss of visual acuity and field deficit. Patient underwent emergency endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal resection of apoplectic tumour and repair of CSF leak with graft from thigh. Histopathology report showed a Rathke’s cleft cyst with squamous metaplasia. Post operatively, the patient developed sinusitis which fully recovered, and MRI showed good decompression. The author demonstrated a rare case of symptomatic RCC which was initially presumed to be pituitary apoplexy. Radiology imaging and treatment approach for both conditions are quite similar and can only be differentiated by histopathology. Further research is required to identify the causes and risk factors of RCC apoplexy to aid early detection and diagnosis.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S23
Nonlinear dynamical properties of solitary wave solutions for Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation in a multicomponent plasma
Authors: Abdelsalam U.M.
Published: September 2021

Using the reductive perturbation method, we have derived the Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation for a multi-component plasma model consisting of electrons, positrons and the uid ions with positive and negative charges. The extended homogenous balance method has been applied to obtain the soliton solution in addition to many traveling wave solutions. various physical parameters have different effects on the profile of the solitary wave pulses which can show the propagation of the ion acoustic waves in laboratory plasmas and many astrophysical plasma systems as in Earth's ionosphere.
INNOVATIVE BLENDED LEARNING METHODOLOGY IN TEACHING IT STUDENTS ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
Authors: Lazorenko Liudmyla
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the history of the methodology and the concept of Blended Learning, give examples, systematize, classify and identify the most effective models of blended learning in teaching English to IT students based on the study of their research and use in higher education all over the world. The article proves the necessity of finding innovative technologies for the effective teaching of a professionally oriented foreign language in the field of Information Technologies. Methodical literature, speeches, reports and reports at modern educational conferences, forums are analyzed. The article shows the advantages and disadvantages of using these models, offers examples of research technology Blended Learning. The difference between traditional, distance and blended learning is characterized and shown. Examples are given and models of blended learning are shown schematically. The specifics of the organization of work with one of the resources in the context of blended learning are considered.