bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyse des profils de littératie en santé chez des personnes diabétiques de type 2 : la recherche ERMIES-Ethnosocio
Authors: Debussche Xavier , Balcou-Debussche Maryvette
Published: September 2018

Introduction : La littératie en santé se réfère aux compétences et ressources nécessaires aux individus pour répondre aux demandes complexes de santé de la société moderne. La présente contribution décrit et analyse les profils et les variations individuelles de la littératie en santé de personnes diabétiques de type 2 participant à un programme d’intervention éducative sur deux ans. Méthodes : Nichée au sein de l’essai randomisé ERMIES à La Réunion, l’étude ERMIES-Ethnosocio a permis d’explorer la littératie en santé selon deux approches complémentaires : une description des profils selon les neuf dimensions du HLQ (« Health Literacy Questionnaire ») complétée par une analyse socio-anthropologique qui s’est nourrie d’une quarantaine d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés de façon prospective en 2012 puis en 2015. Résultats : Les résultats soulignent l’existence de huit variables constitutives de la gestion du diabète de type 2 en contexte ordinaire : alimentation, activité physique, traitement et suivi de la maladie (gestion de la maladie), accès aux savoirs et connaissances (savoirs en santé), relations aux professionnels de santé et soutien social (expertise, soutien et réseau social). Ils soulignent les rapports différenciés des individus à chacune de ces variables, les « niveaux » allant du fonctionnel à l’interactif ou au critique. Discussion : En envisageant le développement de la littératie en santé avec les patients et les soignants, et en interrogeant les interventions éducatives et de soins en tant que processus, la recherche ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour l’approche des inégalités sociales de santé. La combinaison des sciences humaines et sociales, des sciences médicales et de la santé publique se révèle potentiellement fructueuse et opératoire, à condition de clarifier les définitions, les méthodes, les atouts et les limites des perspectives retenues.
Quand l’universalisme proportionné devient relatif : l’accès aux soins des travailleurs non-salariés
Authors: Sannino Nadine , Biga Julie , Kurth Thierry , Picon Elise
Published: September 2018

La politique de lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé (ISS) n’intègre actuellement pas les spécificités du régime social des travailleurs non-salariés (TNS) qui occupent pourtant une place intermédiaire dans le gradient de mortalité observé depuis les années 1990. L’étude qualitative de parcours de soins de personnes en situation de précarité commanditée par la Direction générale de l’offre de soins (DGOS), apporte malgré ses limites, des éclairages sur les difficultés rencontrées par les TNS dans l’utilisation du système de santé, tel qu’il fonctionne, et montre la faible perception de ces dernières. Celle-ci tient aux limites des outils d’évaluation de la précarité individuelle disponibles, aux représentations des acteurs professionnels et institutionnels, ou encore à l’absence de réponse existante dans le champ de la solidarité. Confortés par l’analyse documentaire, ces constats interrogent le sens de la notion d’équité à l’égard des mesures de protection sociale pour cette catégorie socio-professionnelle, celle d’universalisme proportionné des mesures, et suggèrent de nouvelles pistes de travail pour lutter globalement et plus efficacement contre les ISS.
The Conservative Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Bert Jack M. , Endres Nathan K. , Tucker Christopher J. , Davey Annabelle P.
Published: September 2018

Osteoarthritis has one of the highest associations for all-cause mortality in the United States. Comorbidities are common in patients with end-stage disease. In most cases, it is critical to exhaust conservative modalities of care before resorting to surgical intervention. This article discusses common conservative approaches focusing on injectable treatments that can be employed prior to total knee replacement. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):256–260.]
African American Older Adults' Perceived Use of Technology for Hypertension Self-Management
Authors: Harmon Still Carolyn , Jones Lenette M. , Moss Karen O. , Variath Mary , Wright Kathy D.
Published: September 2018

With the unprecedented growth of technology for disease prevention and management, little is known about the experience and adoption of such technology in African American older adults with hypertension. A 90-minute focus group session was used to explore African American older adults' (
N
= 21) experiences with using technology (mobile devices and applications) for hypertension self-management. Twenty participants reported owning smartphones and used this technology to communicate; seek, acquire, and share information; engage in entertainment; and organize and manage time. Participants expressed concerns about not being informed or trained sufficiently to integrate technology for hypertension self-management. There is a need to develop novel hypertension self-management interventions that integrate technology and training programs for this marginalized population that may help improve blood pressure control and address important clinical and public health priorities of uncontrolled hypertension.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2018; 11(5):249–256.]
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Reduced Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function in Residential Care Apartment Complex Residents
Authors: Taani Murad H. , Siglinsky Ellen , Kovach Christine R. , Buehring Bjoern
Published: September 2018

Sarcopenia is a major source of disability in older adults. However, limited data are available about sarcopenia components (i.e., muscle mass, strength, and function) and their relationship to psychosocial factors among older adults living in residential care apartment complexes (RCACs). The current study examined muscle mass, strength, and function and explored their relationship to self-efficacy for exercise, depressive symptoms, and social support in 31 RCAC residents. RCAC residents had lower muscle mass, strength, and function compared to values reported in studies of community-dwelling older adults. Men had higher muscle mass and strength than women. The current findings showed a trend for individuals with high self-efficacy, without depressive symptoms, and with strong social support to present numerically greater muscle mass, strength, and function. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the current study findings and inform development of interventions implemented in RCAC settings.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2018; 11(5):238–248.]
La verdadera nave Torroja de Villaverde
Authors: García R.
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo resume la investigación realizada mediante la cual se ha podido probar que Eduardo Torroja es autor de una de las naves industriales de la antigua empresa Boetticher y Navarro de Villaverde en Madrid. La nave en cuestión, destinada originalmente a talleres, es contigua a la conocida como nave Catedral, hoy rehabilitada como Centro de Nuevas Tecnologías del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. El interés de esta edificación no está solo en la autoría sino también en su solución estructural, innovadora en España en los años en que se proyectó y construyó (1940-42). La solución se describe y analiza en relación a datos de otras construidas posteriormente y de carácter semejante. Afortunadamente además, la nave se encuentra en pie y en uso, aunque con otro cometido que el original y perteneciente a otra empresa. Su documentación gráfica se publica aquí por primera vez.
Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks
Authors: Kitanov Stojan , Popovski Borislav , Janevski Toni
Published: September 2018

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.
5G Networks
Authors: Islam Noman , Wahab Ainuddin Wahid Abdul
Published: September 2018

Mobile communication witnesses a new generation after every 10 years. Following the same trend, the roll out of next generation called 5G network is anticipated by 2020. In this chapter, a critical review of enabling technologies and research issues of 5G network is provided. The novelty of the chapter lies in providing a holistic view of 5G networks spanning discussions on technologies and issues across all the layers of protocol stack. Specifically, the chapter talks about the higher-level research issues of 5G network. The chapter is primarily structured as follows: It starts with a brief overview of various generations of mobile communication. Then, the problems with existing generation of mobile communication are presented, thus providing the motivation for a new generation of mobile network. A survey of different enabling technologies of 5G network is provided afterwards. After having brief discussions on key enablers, the chapter presents various research issues of 5G network. The chapter concludes with highlighting current challenges and future research issues.
Routing Optimization for Integrated Optical and Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Khang Adam Wong Yoon , Elobaid Mohamed Elshaikh , Ramli Arnidza , Zulkifli Nadiatulhuda , Idrus Sevia Mahdaliza
Published: September 2018

Resource consumption in access network will continue to draw attention due to the increasing trend of mobile user device and application. This chapter will address the issue of resource utilization efficiency via alternate specific method known as Taguchi offline optimization-based on mobile ad hoc network (MANET) to be applied into cooperating multiple layers framework of deploy over passive optical network (PON) called the last mile mobile hybrid optical wireless access network (LMMHOWAN). Adhering to this method, the chapter is also to propose the design of experiment simulation model using OMNeT++ software and its impact is investigated on the identified performance metrics like the end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), network capacity, packet loss probability (PLP), and energy consumption. Simulation result shows that the heterogeneous optical wireless network under the influence of random mobile connection can perform better with the optimized front-end wireless ad hoc.
A Survey of Quality of Service in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Networks
Authors: Grigoriou Elisavet
Published: September 2018

In the past few years, it's observed that cellular operators have experienced a fast growth of mobile broadband subscribers and traffic volume per subscriber. Simultaneously, operators are moving from a single to a multi-service offering by adding new services. This chapter presents a survey of the Quality of Service (QoS) drivers in LTE and LTE-Advanced, focusing on IP Frameworks and IP Services. It also includes a detailed list and description of the resource management mechanisms, such as power saving, admission control, scheduling and resource allocation that play a vital role in QoS. The authors describe the State-of-the-Art in IP frameworks and Services such as video, VoIP, Video on Demand (VoD). Also, resource management mechanisms are described such as Energy efficiency, admission control, and scheduling. In the end, the authors mentioned the future directions about QoS in 5G networks.
Spectrum Sharing for D2D Communications in Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks
Authors: Gurjar Devendra Singh , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, the authors discuss various spectrum sharing techniques to enable device-to-device (D2D) communications over the licensed spectrum. First, they highlight the need of spectrum sharing in fifth-generation (5G) wireless and mobile networks. Then, they formulate the expressions of useful performance metrics e.g., outage probability, achievable sum-rate, and spectral efficiency of these schemes to refine physical layer design aspects. To give a better picture, they deduce some major practical scenarios where these techniques can play a crucial role in deploying future generation wireless networks. They also cover relevant literature on the spectrum sharing and D2D communications. Numerical and simulation results are provided to elucidate the effect of various system/channel parameters on the considered spectrum sharing schemes over Nakagami-m fading channels.
Survey on Autoconfiguration Schemes in IPV6 Based Manets
Authors: Reshmi TR
Published: September 2018

The MANETs are spontaneously formed infrastructure-less networks with self-configuring nodes. The network is characterized with a dynamic nature as the member nodes are highly mobile resulting in network merging and partitioning. Each node in MANETs acts as routers to assist in communication. To start with self-configurations, the autoconfiguration schemes are used in these networks to assign unique addresses to the nodes and allow them to communicate with other nodes. Due to the dynamic nature of MANETs and the intervention of new technologies in next generation networks, the existing autoconfiguration schemes face many issues. The research focuses to resolve the pertaining issues in autoconfiguration schemes are discussed in this book chapter.
Software-Defined Network Security
Authors: Demirpolat Ahmed , Ergenç Doğanalp , Ozturk Esref , Ayar Yusuf , Onur Ertan
Published: September 2018

The future networks are expected to lead a hyper-connected society with the promise of high social and economic value. The goal is to solve today's network problems and provide satisfactory security. Thus, the future networks require a flexible infrastructure that is secure against cyberattacks. Software defined networking (SDN) can be considered as one of the building blocks of upcoming networking technologies. In this chapter, first, the limitations of today's networks are presented. Then, solutions to secure the networks with SDN components are given. This concept is referred to as “SDN for Security.” While SDN facilitates securing networks in general, it introduces additional challenges, mainly, the vulnerabilities of the SDN components such as the controller have to be addressed. Security for SDN aims at securing SDN assets and is discussed in the sequel. After reading this chapter, readers will obtain a comprehensive overview of the limitations of traditional networks, such as how SDN overcomes those limitations and the security issues thereof.
An Integrated Framework for Semantic Service Composition Using Answer Set Programming (SSC-ASP)
Authors: Yang Yilong
Published: September 2018

Notwithstanding the advancement of service computing in recent years, service composition is still a main issue in this field. In this chapter, the authors present an integrated framework for semantic service composition using answer set programming. Unlike the AI planning approaches of top-down workflow with nested composition and combining composition procedure into service discovery, the proposed framework integrates a designed service workflow with automatic nested composition. In addition, the planning is based on service signature while validating through service contract. Moreover, a unified implementation of service discovery, selection, composition, and validation is achieved by answer set programming. Finally, the performance of proposed framework is demonstrated by a travel booking example on QWSDataset.
Overlapping Singer Identification in Music Recordings
Authors: Tsai Wei-Ho , Ma Cin-Hao
Published: September 2018

Singer identification (SID), which refers to the task of automatically identifying the singer(s) in a music recording, is of great help in handling the rapid proliferation of music data on the internet and digital media. Although a number of SID studies from acoustic features have been reported, most systems are designed to identify the singer in recordings of solo performances. Very little research has considered a more realistic case, which is to identify more than one singer in a music recording. The research presented in this chapter investigates the feasibility of identifying singers in music recordings that contain overlapping (simultaneous) singing voices (e.g., duet or trio singings). This problem is referred to as overlapping singer identification (OSID). Several approaches to OSID are discussed and evaluated in this chapter. In addition, a related issue on how to distinguish solo singings from overlapping singing recordings is also discussed.
Verification of Service-Based Declarative Business Processes
Authors: Zahoor Ehtesham , Munir Kashif , Perrin Olivier , Godart Claude
Published: September 2018

Traditional business process specification approaches such as BPMN are procedural, as they require specifying exact and complete process flow. In contrast, a declarative process is specified by a set of constraints that mark the boundary of any solution to the process. In this chapter, the authors propose a bounded model-checking-based approach for the verification of declarative processes using satisfiability solving (SAT). The proposed approach does not require exponential space and is very efficient. It uses the highly expressive event calculus (EC) as the modeling formalism, with a sound and complete EC to SAT encoding process. The verification process can include both the functional and non-functional aspects. The authors have also proposed a filtering criterion to filter the clauses of interest from the large set of unsatisfiable clauses for complex processes. The authors have discussed the implementation details and performance evaluation results to justify the practicality of the proposed approach.
Context and End-User Privacy Policies in Web Service-Based Applications
Authors: Kapitsaki Georgia M.
Published: September 2018

Privacy protection plays a vital role in pervasive and web environments, where users contact applications and services that may require access to their sensitive data. The current legislation, such as the recent European General Data Protection Regulation, is putting more emphasis on user protection and on placing users in the center of privacy choices. SOAP (simple object access protocol)-based and RESTful services may require access to sensitive data for their proper functioning, but users should be able to express their preferences on what should and should not be accessed. In this chapter, the above issues are discussed and a solution is presented for reconciling user preferences expressed in privacy policies and the service data needs tailored to SOAP-based services. A use example is provided and the main open issues providing directions for future research are discussed.
Pattern-Based Cloud Migration
Authors: Wan Zhitao
Published: September 2018

To migrate on-premises business systems to the cloud environment faces challenges: the complexity, diversity of the legacy systems, cloud, and cloud migration services. Consequently, the cloud migration faces two major problems. The first one is how to select cloud services for the legacy systems, and the second one is how to move the corresponding workload from legacy systems to cloud. This chapter presents a total cloud migration solution including cloud service selection and optimization, cloud migration pattern generation, and cloud migration pattern enforcement. It takes the pattern as the core, and unifies the cloud migration request, the cloud migration service pattern, and the cloud migration service composition. A cloud migration example of blockchain system shows that the proposed approach improves the cloud service selection, cloud migration service composition generation efficiency, migration process parallelization, and enables long transaction support by means of pattern reuse.
Research Ethics in Animal Research
Authors: Mahaliyanaarachchi Rohana P.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Hydro Chemical Assessment of Agro-well Water for Irrigation in Thalawa Block in Mahaweli System-H in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeysingha N.S. , Silva D.S.M.D , Duminda D.M.S
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Large diameter agro-wells are the most valuable water resources for farmers in Mahaweli system H in Sri Lanka to sustain crop production during the dry spells. Deterioration of water quality is harmful to the crop growth. Present study evaluated the variation of irrigation water quality and water levels of agro-wells in Thalawa irrigation block of Mahaweli system H. Research Method: Water samples from 10 agro-wells were collected during October 2016 to July 2017 once in a month and tested samples for irrigation water quality parameters using standard methods. Water levels were recorded for each sampling date. Findings: Most of the water quality parameters tested in almost all wells are within the acceptable range for irrigation except for Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC). 50 % of the wells are safe and rest 50 % of the wells are within marginal range in terms of RSC. Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) was assessed and it varied from 32.6 to 87.7. Considering the mean IWQI (48.2), water of Thalawa block can be characterized as good. The study also revealed that there was sufficient water in wells even during the dry spells and it varied with both the variation of rainfall and canal water availability. Research Limitations: Sampling was limited to 10 agro-wells for a period of 10 months. This  was avoided by selecting representative wells and months covering both dry and wet spells.  Originality/ Value: Overall, results envisaged that there is higher potential to use this water for any crop and soil without detrimental to crops grown.
Predictors of quality of life among community psychiatric patients in a peri-urban district of Gauteng province, South Africa
Authors: Mapatwana Dumakazi , Tomita Andrew , Burns Jonathan , Robertson Lesley
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Few studies on quality of life (QoL) in the mentally ill population of South Africa have been conducted, but none in community-dwelling individuals. This study examined the QoL of psychiatric patients at community mental health clinics in Gauteng province of South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted on 121 adult patients attending community psychiatric clinics. To reduce the impact of acute psychiatric symptoms on subjective QoL, only clinically stable patients were included. Instruments used included the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF domains (i.e. physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) for severity of illness and a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire.Results: Just under half of the sample rated their overall QoL as good or very good. The strongest predictor of a poor QoL in all four domains was residual psychiatric symptomatology. The most severe BPRS scores were for the symptoms of depression, anxiety and somatic concern. Perceived social support significantly predicted a better QoL in the psychological, social relationships and environmental domains.Conclusion: This study highlights the negative impact of residual psychiatric symptoms on subjective QoL, and the importance of social support and enhancing QoL. If better QoL is the goal of care, then our findings highlight the importance of managing residual symptoms and promoting social support.
Definitely dust, but also more
Authors: Veldsman Danie
Published: September 2018

What does the Lutheran systematic theologian from South Africa, Klaus Nürnberger, find ‘ourselves to be’, that is, what is his viewpoint on anthropology? Nürnberger has recently taken on the task of formulating anew his anthropological viewpoint in his two-volume Faith in Christ today(2016). I will focus on this publication as well as an earlier publication on anthropology, namely ‘Dust of the ground and breath of life (Gn 2:7): The notion of “life” in ancient Israel and emergence theory’ (2012). Having discussed his rich and broadly science-theology–defined anthropological viewpoint on ‘what we find ourselves to be’, only one dimension of ‘more than dust’ is critically engaged with, namely his understanding of the ‘emotive’ or ‘affective’ dimension of being human. From contemporary neuroscientific viewpoints on emotions as well as philosophical viewpoints on the layeredness of affectivity, I critically engage with Nürnberger’s viewpoint.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The question of being human (philosophical anthropology) is addressed within the context of the contemporary science–theology dialogues on anthropology. The critical question on the undervalued role of affectivity within Klaus Nürnberger’s perspective is asked from insights from neuroscientific and philosophical viewpoints on emotions and affectivity.
Analysis of pH and cytotoxic activity of locally produced radiopaque white Portland cement
Authors: Fen Soh Chin , Lek Loh Wei , Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj , Abdullah Siti Fadilah Bin , Husein Adam , Nabhan Mohamed Shady , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly
Published: September 2018

Background: Portland cement (PC)-based formulations show continuous developments. Purpose: This study examined the pH and cytotoxic activity of a locally produced Malaysian white PC (MAWPC) mixed with different radiopacifying agents (barium sulfate [BS], niobium oxide [NO], and bismuth oxide [BO]) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs). Materials and Methods: 0.8 g of MAWPC was mixed with 0.2 g of each radiopacifying agent and sterile distilled water. Five tablets of each group were prepared. After setting, the samples were immersed in 10-ml sterile distilled water and stored at 37°C, and the pH was measured at intervals of 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days using a calibrated digital pH meter. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis (P = 0.05). For cytotoxic activity, the material extracts were prepared at three serial concentrations (25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/ml), and 200 ml of each concentration was added into each well seeded with cultured HPLFs. The plates were then incubated for 48 h. The cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test (P = 0.05) Results: The pH values of all groups were significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.001). With the exception of day 0, the pH values of all groups at all day intervals ranged from 9.9 to 10.9, and some significant differences were detected. Although the addition of radiopacifying agents decreased the cell viability values of MAWPC extracts (P < 0.05), all groups showed favorable cytotoxicity profile. MAWPC/BO combination showed higher cell viability values compared to MAWPC/NO and MAWPC/BS. Conclusions: The addition of radiopacifying agents to MAWPC maintained its high pH and favored the viability of HPLFs.
Changes in the mandibular arch after rapid maxillary expansion in children: A three-dimensional analysis using digital models
Authors: Pacheco Ariel Adriano Reyes , Franco Ademir , Antelo Oscar Mario , Pithon Matheus Melo , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro
Published: September 2018

Objective: This retrospective study quantitatively evaluated and compared the change in distance between mandibular first molars before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using digital models. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven (n = 27) plaster models (16 females and 11 males, between 6 and 9 years old) from patients treated at the Interceptive Orthodontic Clinic of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil) were used. The initial (T1) and final (1 year after, T2) dental casts were scanned. The distances between the mandibular first molars were measured and compared using Geomagic Foundation software (Rock Hill, SC, USA). The central fossa of each mandibular molar was used as the reference point. The mandibular arch perimeter was measured using Orthoviewer (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Results: The intermolar width increased by 0.23 mm and by 0.75 mm in the arch perimeter. In two patients the intermolar width increased more than 2 mm, and in five patients the values from the initial measurements decreased. Conclusions: RME does not increase mandibular intermolar width distance or the mandibular arch perimeter in growing patients treated with Haas-type palatal expanders when evaluated using digital models.
Quantifying the single-scattering albedo for the January 2017 Chile wildfires from simulations of the OMI absorbing aerosol index
Authors: Sun Jiyunting , Veefkind J. Pepijn , van Velthoven Peter , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The absorbing aerosol index (AAI) is a qualitative parameter
directly calculated from satellite-measured reflectance. Its sensitivity to
absorbing aerosols in combination with a long-term data record since 1978
makes it an important parameter for climate research. In this study, we
attempt to quantify aerosol absorption by retrieving the single-scattering
albedo (ω0) at 550 nm from the satellite-measured AAI. In the first
part of this study, AAI sensitivity studies are presented exclusively for
biomass-burning aerosols. Later on, we employ a radiative transfer model
(DISAMAR) to simulate the AAI measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
(OMI) in order to derive ω0 at 550 nm. Inputs for the radiative
transfer calculations include satellite measurement geometry and surface
conditions from OMI, aerosol optical thickness (τ) from the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and aerosol
microphysical parameters from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET),
respectively. This approach is applied to the Chile wildfires for the period
from 26 to 30 January 2017, when the OMI-observed AAI of this event reached
its peak. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)
overpasses missed the evolution of the smoke plume over the research region;
therefore the aerosol profile is parameterized. The simulated plume is at an
altitude of 4.5–4.9 km, which is in good agreement with available CALIOP
backscatter coefficient measurements. The data may contain pixels
outside the plume, so an outlier detection criterion is applied. The results
show that the AAI simulated by DISAMAR is consistent with satellite
observations. The correlation coefficients fall into the range between 0.85
and 0.95. The retrieved mean ω0 at 550 nm for the entire plume over
the research period from 26 to 30 January 2017 varies from 0.81 to 0.87, whereas
the nearest AERONET station reported ω0 between 0.89 and 0.92.
The difference in geolocation between the AERONET site and the plume, the
assumption of homogeneous plume properties, the lack of the aerosol profile
information and the uncertainties in the inputs for radiative transfer
calculation are primarily responsible for this discrepancy in ω0.
Evaluation of the IAGOS-Core GHG package H2O measurements during the DENCHAR airborne inter-comparison campaign in 2011
Authors: Filges Annette , Gerbig Christoph , Rella Chris W. , Hoffnagle John , Smit Herman , Krämer Martina , Spelten Nicole , Rolf Christian , Bozóki Zoltán , Buchholz Bernhard , Ebert Volker
Published: September 2018

Abstract. As part of the DENCHAR (Development and Evaluation of Novel Compact
Hygrometer for Airborne Research) inter-comparison campaign in northern
Germany in 2011, a commercial cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) based gas
analyzer (G2401-m, Picarro Inc., US) was installed on a Learjet to measure
atmospheric water vapor, CO2, CH4, and CO. The CRDS
components were identical to those chosen for integration aboard commercial
airliners within the IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing
System) project. Since the quantitative capabilities of the CRDS water vapor
measurements were never evaluated and reviewed in detail in a publication
before, the campaign allowed for an initial assessment of the long-term IAGOS
water vapor measurements by CRDS against reference instruments with a long
performance record (Fast In-situ Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH) and CR-2
frost point hygrometer (Buck Research Instruments L.L.C., US), both operated
by Research Centre Jülich). For the initial water calibration of the instrument it was compared against a
dew point mirror (Dewmet TDH, Michell Instruments Ltd., UK) in the range from
70 000 to 25 000 ppm water vapor mole fraction. During the
inter-comparison campaign the analyzer was compared on the ground over the
range from 2 to 600 ppm against the dew point hygrometer used for
calibration of the FISH reference instrument. A new, independent calibration
method based on the dilution effect of water vapor on CO2 was
evaluated. Comparison of the in-flight data against the reference instruments showed
that the analyzer is reliable and has a good long-term stability. The flight
data suggest a conservative precision estimate for measurements made at
0.4 Hz (2.5 s measurement interval) of 4 ppm for
H2O < 10 ppm, 20 % or 10 ppm (whichever is smaller)
for 10 ppm < H2O < 100 ppm, and 5 % or
30 ppm (whichever is smaller) for H2O > 100 ppm.
Accuracy of the CRDS instrument was estimated, based on laboratory
calibrations, as 1 % for the water vapor range from 25 000 ppm down to
7000 ppm, increasing to 5 % at 50 ppm water vapor. Accuracy at water
vapor mole fractions below 50 ppm was difficult to assess, as the reference
systems suffered from lack of data availability.
Aircraft based Stereographic Reconstruction of 3D Cloud Geometry
Authors: Kölling Tobias , Zinner Tobias , Mayer Bernhard
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This work describes a method to retrieve location and geometry of clouds using RGB images from a video camera on an aircraft and data from the aircraft's navigation system. Opposed to ordinary stereo methods where two cameras with fixed relative position at a certain distance are used to match images taken at the exact same moment, this method uses only a single camera and the aircrafts movement to provide the needed parallax. Advantages of this approach include a relatively simple installation on an aircraft and the possibility to use different image offsets, even larger than the size of the aircraft. Detrimental effects are the evolution of observed clouds during the time offset between two images as well as the background wind. However we will show that to some extent usable wind information can also be recovered. Our method allows the derivation of cloud top geometry which can be used, e.g., to provide location and distance information for other passive cloud remote sensing products. In addition it can also improve retrieval methods by providing cloud geometry information useful for the correction of 3D illumination effects. We show that this method works as intended by comparson to data from a simultaneously operated lidar system. The stereo method provides lower heights than the lidar method, on average by 126 m. This behaviour is expected as the lidar method has a lower detection limit (leading to greater cloud top heights for the downward view) while the stereo method also retrieves data points on cloud sides and lower cloud layers (leading to lower cloud heights). Systematic errors across the measurement swath contribute less than 50 m.
Comment on: Spatial characterization of long-term hydrological
change in the Arkavathy watershed adjacent to Bangalore, India by
Penny et al. (2018)
Authors: Bassi Nitin , Kumara B. K. Harish , Sahasranaman Meera , Ganguly Arijit
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This article is a critique on the paper Spatial characterization of long-term hydrological change in the Arkavathy watershed adjacent to Bangalore, India, by Penny et al. (2018), published in the journal of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (volume 22, issue number 1). Penny et al. (2018) have applied a methodology for analysing long-term hydrological changes by treating a gauged watershed as a un-gauged one. The arguments presented in this article highlights choice of inappropriate methodology (for a watershed which is actually gauged) and faulty assumptions by Penny et al. (2018) for analysing the watershed scale hydrological changes, generating misleading results and inferences.
Now you see it, now you don't: a case study of ephemeral snowpacks and soil moisture response in the Great Basin, USA
Authors: Petersky Rose , Harpold Adrian
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ephemeral snowpacks, or those that persist for < 60 continuous days, are
challenging to observe and model because snow accumulation and ablation occur
during the same season. This has left ephemeral snow understudied, despite
its widespread extent. Using 328 site years from the Great Basin, we show
that ephemeral snowmelt causes a 70-days-earlier soil moisture response than
seasonal snowmelt. In addition, deep soil moisture response was more variable
in areas with seasonal snowmelt. To understand Great Basin snow distribution,
we used MODIS and Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) data to map snow
extent. Estimates of maximum continuous snow cover duration from SNODAS
consistently overestimated MODIS observations by >25 days in the lowest
(<1500 m) and highest (>2500 m) elevations. During this time period
snowpack was highly variable. The maximum seasonal snow cover during water
years 2005–2014 was 64 % in 2010 and at a minimum of 24 % in 2014.
We found that elevation had a strong control on snow ephemerality, and nearly
all snowpacks over 2500 m were seasonal except those on south-facing slopes.
Additionally, we used SNODAS-derived estimates of solid and liquid
precipitation, melt, sublimation, and blowing snow sublimation to define snow
ephemerality mechanisms. In warm years, the Great Basin shifts to ephemerally
dominant as the rain–snow transition increases in elevation. Given that snow
ephemerality is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change,
physics-based modeling is needed that can account for the complex energetics
of shallow snowpacks in complex terrain. These modeling efforts will need to
be supported by field observations of mass and energy and linked to finer
remote sensing snow products in order to track ephemeral snow dynamics.
OPEN AGENT BASED RUNOFF AND EROSION SIMULATION (OARES): A GENERIC CROSS PLATFORM TOOL FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL WATERSHED MONITORING USING CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM REANALYSIS WEATHER DATA
Authors: Majumdar S. , Shukla S. , Maiti A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The aim of this study is to explore the applicability of Agent Based Modelling (ABM) for the simulation of rainfall runoff and soil erosion used in a watershed monitoring activity. The study utilizes Landsat 8 imagery for Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map generation, ASTER DEM for obtaining elevation information and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 36 year weather data of Asan watershed, Uttarakhand, India. In the proposed model, four major agents (raindrops, soil, elevation and water amount) have been defined for estimating the soil erosion in the region. Moreover, the direct runoff has been simulated using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method. The analysis of the entire time series using this approach shows that there have been substantial changes in the rainfall runoff pattern primarily due to the varying environmental conditions of the study area since the late 1980s. Furthermore, a rough estimate of the soil erosion and deposition in the area have been computed which is aligned with the theory of sediment transport and deposition. In order to automate the entire model workflow, an open source cross platform tool has been developed using Python, R and NetLogo libraries. The Open Agent Based Runoff and Erosion Simulation (OARES) tool incorporates a generic interface for analysing large spatio-temporal datasets in watershed studies. The overall analysis concludes that the results obtained using ABM are comparable to that of the conventional hydrological models, and henceforth, ABM could be utilized as a future potential hydrological modelling paradigm.
A PROPOSAL TO USE SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED ROAD NETWORK INFORMATION EXCHANGE
Authors: Niestroj M. G. , McMeekin D. A. , Helmholz P. , Kuhn M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Data harmonisation improves the coherence between data sets within and across themes and is, therefore, a very helpful tool for governmental agencies, companies and other organisations that share their data. This research focuses on horizontal infrastructures, namely roads, and proposes a new strategy to apply Semantic Web Technologies. The aim is to understand if their application is efficient and effective in filling the gap of data harmonisation in Australia’s and New Zealand’s road asset management systems within the definition of location. The proposed strategy has three stages. First, available international data standards for road assets will be analysed to identify the gaps within these standards and create recommendations towards an improved standard. The second stage is for the location aspect within each stage of the life cycle of asset management with respect to existing road asset data standards. Finally, in a third stage Semantic Web Technologies, ontologies and semantic rules will be used to build a prototype solution for road asset data conflation by merging multiple data sources that share no common lineage. The application of these technologies will allow for easier search and discovery of this data as well as facilitate the automated processing and updating of this data over the Web.
VISUALIZATION ON FOSSIL-FUEL CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS IN TOKYO METROPOLIS
Authors: Cong R. , Saito M. , Hirata R. , Ito A. , Maksyutov S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we developed a method on quantifying carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from each building of Tokyo. And the method basing on bottom-up approach and supplemented with some downscaling efforts that could be applied in any other city of Japan. The high-resolution emission map is achieved by linking the national census data with spatial data. At first, the emissions from fossil fuel consumption (nonelectric) in residential and industrial & commercial buildings are counted by the census area level and then allocated to each building by using the height, site area, floor and type of buildings. The types of buildings are distinguished by using the information on building type contained in urban landscape raster map. The emissions are estimated and mapped by Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. The total CO2 emissions from residential buildings of Tokyo in 2014 are about 5,826 Gg and that from industrial & commercial buildings are about 13,085 Gg. This method will be helpful for high resolution quantification of CO2 emissions in local scale.
NMSTREAM: A SCALABLE EVENT-DRIVEN ETL FRAMEWORK FOR PROCESSING HETEROGENEOUS STREAMING DATA
Authors: Xiao F. , Li C. , Wu Z. , Wu Y.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. ETL (Extraction-Transform-Load) tools, traditionally developed to operate offline on historical data for feeding Data-warehouses need to be enhanced to deal with continuously increased streaming data and be executed at network level during data streams acquisition. In this paper, a scalable and web-based ETL system called NMStream was presented. NMStream is based on event-driven architecture and designed for integrating distributed and heterogeneous streaming data by integrating the Apache Flume and Cassandra DB system, and the ETL processes were conducted through the Flume agent object. NMStream can be used for feeding traditional/real-time data-warehouses or data analytic tools in a stable and effective manner.
THE PICTURE PILE TOOL FOR RAPID IMAGE ASSESSMENT: A DEMONSTRATION USING HURRICANE MATTHEW
Authors: Danylo O. , Moorthy I. , Sturn T. , See L. , Laso Bayas J.-C. , Domian D. , Fraisl D. , Giovando C. , Girardot B. , Kapur R. , Matthieu P.-P. , Fritz S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In 2016, Hurricane Matthew devastated many parts of the Caribbean, in particular the country of Haiti. More than 500 people died and the damage was estimated at 1.9 billion USD. At the time, the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) activated their network of volunteers to create base maps of areas affected by the hurricane, in particular coastal communities in the path of the storm. To help improve HOT’s information workflow for disaster response, one strand of the Crowd4Sat project, which was funded by the European Space Agency, focussed on examining where the Picture Pile Tool, an application for rapid image interpretation and classification, could potentially contribute. Satellite images obtained from the time that Hurricane Matthew occurred were used to simulate a situation post-event, where the aim was to demonstrate how Picture Pile could be used to create a map of building damage. The aim of this paper is to present the Picture Pile tool and show the results from this simulation, which produced a crowdsourced map of damaged buildings for a selected area of Haiti in 1 week (but with increased confidence in the results over a 3 week period). A quality assessment of the results showed that the volunteers agreed with experts and the majority of individual classifications around 92 % of the time, indicating that the crowd performed well in this task. The next stage will involve optimizing the workflow for the use of Picture Pile in future natural disaster situations.
3D URBAN GEOVISUALIZATION: IN SITU AUGMENTED AND MIXED REALITY EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Devaux A. , Hoarau C. , Brédif M. , Christophe S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we assume that augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) are relevant contexts for 3D urban geovisualization, especially in order to support the design of the urban spaces. We propose to design an in situ MR application, that could be helpful for urban designers, providing tools to interactively remove or replace buildings in situ. This use case requires advances regarding existing geovisualization methods. We highlight the need to adapt and extend existing 3D geovisualization pipelines, in order to adjust the specific requirements for AR/MR applications, in particular for data rendering and interaction. In order to reach this goal, we focus on and implement four elementary in situ and ex situ AR/MR experiments: each type of these AR/MR experiments helps to consider and specify a specific subproblem, i.e. scale modification, pose estimation, matching between scene and urban project realism, and the mix of real and virtual elements through portals, while proposing occlusion handling, rendering and interaction techniques to solve them.