bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competency of Amphibians and Reptiles and Their Potential Role as Reservoir Hosts for Rift Valley Fever Virus
Authors: Rissmann Melanie , Kley Nils , Ulrich Reiner , Stoek Franziska , Balkema-Buschmann Anne , Eiden Martin , Groschup Martin H.
Published: October 2020

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne zoonotic pathogen, which is endemic in Africa, causing large epidemics, characterized by severe diseases in ruminants but also in humans. As in vitro and field investigations proposed amphibians and reptiles to potentially play a role in the enzootic amplification of the virus, we experimentally infected African common toads and common agamas with two RVFV strains. Lymph or sera, as well as oral, cutaneous and anal swabs were collected from the challenged animals to investigate seroconversion, viremia and virus shedding. Furthermore, groups of animals were euthanized 3, 10 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) to examine viral loads in different tissues during the infection. Our data show for the first time that toads are refractory to RVFV infection, showing neither seroconversion, viremia, shedding nor tissue manifestation. In contrast, all agamas challenged with the RVFV strain ZH501 carried virus genomes in the spleens at 3 dpi, but the animals displayed neither viremia nor virus shedding. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that amphibians are not susceptible and reptiles are only susceptible to a low extent to RVFV, indicating that both species play, if at all, rather a subordinate role in the RVF virus ecology.
Evaluation of Commercially Available Viral Transport Medium (VTM) for SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation and Use in Point-of-Care (POC) Testing
Authors: van Bockel David , Munier C. , Turville Stuart , Badman Steven , Walker Gregory , Stella Alberto , Aggarwal Anupriya , Yeang Malinna , Condylios Anna , Kelleher Anthony , Applegate Tanya , Vallely Andrew , Whiley David , Rawlinson William , Cunningham Phillip , Kaldor John , Guy Rebecca
Published: October 2020

Critical to facilitating SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care (POC) testing is assurance that viruses present in specimens are inactivated onsite prior to processing. Here, we conducted experiments to determine the virucidal activity of commercially available Viral Transport Mediums (VTMs) to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Independent testing methods for viral inactivation testing were applied, including a previously described World Health Organization (WHO) protocol, in addition to a buffer exchange method where the virus is physically separated from the VTM post exposure. The latter method enables sensitive detection of viral viability at higher viral titre when incubated with VTM. We demonstrate that VTM formulations, Primestore® Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) and COPAN eNAT™ completely inactivate high-titre SARS-CoV-2 virus (>1 × 107 copies/mL) and are compatible with POC processing. Furthermore, full viral inactivation was rapidly achieved in as little as 2 min of VTM exposure. We conclude that adding certain VTM formulations as a first step post specimen collection will render SARS-CoV-2 non-infectious for transport, or for further in-field POC molecular testing using rapid turnaround GeneXpert platforms or equivalent.
Influenza Vaccines toward Universality through Nanoplatforms and Given by Microneedle Patches
Authors: Tang Sijia , Zhu Wandi , Wang Bao-Zhong
Published: October 2020

Influenza is one of the top threats to public health. The best strategy to prevent influenza is vaccination. Because of the antigenic changes in the major surface antigens of influenza viruses, current seasonal influenza vaccines need to be updated every year to match the circulating strains and are suboptimal for protection. Furthermore, seasonal vaccines do not protect against potential influenza pandemics. A universal influenza vaccine will eliminate the threat of both influenza epidemics and pandemics. Due to the massive challenge in realizing influenza vaccine universality, a single vaccine strategy cannot meet the need. A comprehensive approach that integrates advances in immunogen designs, vaccine and adjuvant nanoplatforms, and vaccine delivery and controlled release has the potential to achieve an effective universal influenza vaccine. This review will summarize the advances in the research and development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.
Oxygen Sensing and Viral Replication: Implications for Tropism and Pathogenesis
Authors: Liu Peter Jianrui , Balfe Peter , McKeating Jane A , Schilling Mirjam
Published: October 2020

The ability to detect and respond to varying oxygen tension is an essential prerequisite to life. Several mechanisms regulate the cellular response to oxygen including the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)/factor inhibiting HIF (FIH)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) dioxygenase (ADO) system, and the lysine-specific demethylases (KDM) 5A and KDM6A. Using a systems-based approach we discuss the literature on oxygen sensing pathways in the context of virus replication in different tissues that experience variable oxygen tension. Current information supports a model where the PHD-HIF pathway enhances the replication of viruses infecting tissues under low oxygen, however, the reverse is true for viruses with a selective tropism for higher oxygen environments. Differences in oxygen tension and associated HIF signaling may play an important role in viral tropism and pathogenesis. Thus, pharmaceutical agents that modulate HIF activity could provide novel treatment options for viral infections and associated pathological conditions.
Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Sea Surface Salinity in the Bay of Bengal Based on SMAP and Argo Data
Authors: Xu Huabing , Yu Rongzhen , Tang Danling , Liu Yupeng , Wang Sufen , Fu Dongyang
Published: October 2020

This paper uses the Argo sea surface salinity (SSSArgo) before and after the passage of 25 tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal from 2015 to 2019 to evaluate the sea surface salinity (SSS) of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) remote sensing satellite (SSSSMAP). First, SSSArgo data were used to evaluate the accuracy of the 8-day SMAP SSS data, and the correlations and biases between SSSSMAP and SSSArgo were calculated. The results show good correlations between SSSSMAP and SSSArgo before and after TCs (before: SSSSMAP = 1.09SSSArgo−3.08 (R2 = 0.69); after: SSSSMAP = 1.11SSSArgo−3.61 (R2 = 0.65)). A stronger negative bias (−0.23) and larger root-mean-square error (RMSE, 0.95) between the SSSSMAP and SSSArgo were observed before the passage of 25 TCs, which were compared to the bias (−0.13) and RMSE (0.75) after the passage of 25 TCs. Then, two specific TCs were selected from 25 TCs to analyze the impact of TCs on the SSS. The results show the significant SSS increase up to the maximum 5.92 psu after TC Kyant (2016), which was mainly owing to vertical mixing and strong Ekman pumping caused by TC and high-salinity waters in the deep layer that were transported to the sea surface. The SSSSMAP agreed well with SSSArgo in both coastal and offshore waters before and after TC Roanu (2016) and TC Kyant (2016) in the Bay of Bengal.
Assessment of Wave Storm-Induced Flood Vulnerability in Rhodes Island, Greece
Authors: Gad Fragkiska-Karmela , Chatzinaki Maria , Vandarakis Dimitris , Kyriakidou Chara , Kapsimalis Vasilios
Published: October 2020

Coastal areas are threatened by extreme meteorological phenomena, such as wave storms. Therefore, the analysis of such events, such as providing information for their potential hazards assessment, is a key element in coastal management. In this study, a preliminary assessment of flood vulnerability due to storms was performed in Rhodes Island, Greece. Firstly, storm events were defined in terms of significant wave height, peak period, and duration, and they were grouped by means of cluster analysis into five classes (from weak to extreme) reflecting the intensity of each event. Subsequently, flood hazard was assessed by using an empirical formula for wave run-up calculations on cross-shore profiles and storm surge data at the region. Finally, a Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) was used for assessing vulnerability according to a scale from very low to very high. The most intense storms were found to occur in the eastern, southeastern, and southern part of the island. More than 60% of storms were classified as weak, while extreme events were found to occur with a frequency of less than 2.5%. Regarding flood hazard and vulnerability, the maximum values of wave run-up were calculated in the southeastern region, but the most vulnerable part was found to be the northwestern region, as the FVI was assessed as very high for weak and extreme events.
The Role of DEM Resolution and Evapotranspiration Assessment in Modeling Groundwater Resources Estimation: A Case Study in Sicily
Authors: Borzì Iolanda , Bonaccorso Brunella , Aronica Giuseppe Tito
Published: October 2020

The reliability of hydrological response simulated by distributed hydrological models in river basins with complex topographies strictly relies on the adopted digital elevation model (DEM) resolution. Furthermore, when the objective is to investigate hydrologic processes over a longer period, including both wet and dry conditions, the choice of a proper model for estimating actual evapotranspiration can play a key role in water resources assessment. When dealing with groundwater-fed catchment, these aspects directly reflect on water balance simulations and consequentially on groundwater resource quantification, which is fundamental for effective water resources planning and management at the river basin scale. In the present study, a DEM-based inverse hydrogeological balance method is applied to estimate the active mean annual recharge of the northern Etna groundwater system within the upstream part of the Alcantara river basin in Sicily region (Italy). Despite this area representing a biodiversity hot-spot, as well as the main water source for a population of about 35,000 inhabitants, so far little attention has been paid to groundwater estimation, mainly due to lack of data. In this context, this work aims to improve knowledge on groundwater recharge at the annual scale in this case-study area. In particular, the main objectives of this study are: (1) to quantify the influence of the DEM resolution on groundwater resource estimation and (2) to investigate the influence of the method used for evapotranspiration assessment on the model’s results. More specifically, groundwater and surface flows are evaluated by considering different DEM resolutions (i.e., 20, 60, 100, 300, 500 m) and three different theoretical approaches for evapotranspiration calculation (i.e., the Turc method, a modified-Turc method, and the Budyko model).
The Duckweed, Lemna minor Modulates Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Fagr Kh. , Khalil Wagdy K. B. , Bassem Samah M. , Kumar Vikas , Parisi Costantino , Inglese Sara , Temraz Tarek A. , Nassar Hossam F. , Guerriero Giulia
Published: October 2020

A two-fold integrated research study was conducted; firstly, to understand the effects of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on the growth and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; secondly, to study the beneficial effects of the duckweed Lemna minor L. as a heavy metal remover in wastewater. Experiments were conducted in mesocosms with and without duckweed. Tilapia fingerlings were exposed to Cu (0.004 and 0.02 mg L−1) and Zn (0.5 and 1.5 mg L−1) and fish fed for four weeks. We evaluated the fish growth performance, the hepatic DNA structure using comet assay, the expression of antioxidative genes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and glutathione-S-transferase, GST) and GPx and GST enzymatic activity. The results showed that Zn exhibited more pronounced toxic effects than Cu. A low dose of Cu did not influence the growth whereas higher doses of Cu and Zn significantly reduced the growth rate of tilapia compared to the control, but the addition of duckweed prevented weight loss. Furthermore, in the presence of a high dose of Cu and Zn, DNA damage decreased, antioxidant gene expressions and enzymatic activities increased. In conclusion, the results suggest that duckweed and Nile tilapia can be suitable candidates in metal remediation wastewater assessment programs.
Effects of Baekje Weir Operation on the Stream–Aquifer Interaction in the Geum River Basin, South Korea
Authors: Lee Hyeonju , Koo Min-Ho , Cho Byong Wook , Oh Yong Hwa , Kim Yongje , Cho Soo Young , Lee Jung-Yun , Kim Yongcheol , Kim Dong-Hun
Published: October 2020

Hydraulic structures have a significant impact on riverine environment, leading to changes in stream–aquifer interactions. In South Korea, 16 weirs were constructed in four major rivers, in 2012, to secure sufficient water resources, and some weirs operated periodically for natural ecosystem recovery from 2017. The changed groundwater flow system due to weir operation affected the groundwater level and quality, which also affected groundwater use. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the groundwater flow system near the Geum River during the Baekje weir operation using Visual MODFLOW Classic. Groundwater data from 34 observational wells were evaluated to analyze the impact of weir operation on stream–aquifer interactions. Accordingly, the groundwater discharge rates increased from 0.23 to 0.45 cm/day following the decrease in river levels owing to weir opening, while the hydrological condition changed from gaining to losing streams following weir closure. The variation in groundwater flow affected the groundwater quality during weir operation, changing the groundwater temperature and electrical conductivity (EC). Our results suggest that stream–aquifer interactions are significantly affected by weir operation, consequently, these repeated phenomena could influence the groundwater quality and groundwater use.
Drought or Severe Drought? Hemiparasitic Yellow Mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus) Amplifies Drought Stress in Sessile Oak Trees (Quercus petraea) by Altering Water Status and Physiological Responses
Authors: Kubov Martin , Fleischer Peter , Rozkošný Jozef , Kurjak Daniel , Konôpková Alena , Galko Juraj , Húdoková Hana , Lalík Michal , Rell Slavomír , Pittner Ján , Fleischer Peter
Published: October 2020

European oak species have long been considered relatively resistant to different disturbances, including drought. However, several recent studies have reported their decline initiated by complex changes. Therefore, we compared mature sessile oak trees (Quercus petraea (Matt.), Liebl.) infested versus non-infested by hemiparasitic yellow mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) during the relatively dry vegetation season of 2019. We used broad arrays of ecophysiological (maximal assimilation rate Asat, chlorophyll a fluorescence, stomatal conductance gS, leaf morphological traits, mineral nutrition), growth (tree diameter, height, stem increment), and water status indicators (leaf water potential Ψ, leaf transpiration T, water-use efficiency WUE) to identify processes underlying vast oak decline. The presence of mistletoe significantly reduced the Ψ by 1 MPa, and the WUE by 14%. The T and gS of infested oaks were lower by 34% and 38%, respectively, compared to the non-infested oaks, whereas the Asat dropped to 55%. Less pronounced but significant changes were also observed at the level of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry. Moreover, we identified the differences in C content, which probably reduced stem increment and leaf size of the infested trees. Generally, we can conclude that mistletoe could be a serious threat that jeopardizes the water status and growth of oak stands.
Water Footprint Study Review for Understanding and Resolving Water Issues in China
Authors: Zhuo La , Feng Bianbian , Wu Pute
Published: October 2020

The water footprint (WF) is a widely recognised and comprehensive indicator of both the direct and indirect appropriation of freshwater. It has been utilised for diverse functions, including as a key indicator of the planetary boundaries and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Focusing on the nation with the greatest WF, i.e., China, this study reviews journal articles both in English and Chinese published from January 2003 to June 2020. Using CiteSpace and bibliometric analysis of papers, journals, and keywords, we explore state-of-the-art WF accounting, driving forces, and effects. Visible differences in WF accounting keywords and spatial scales between English and Chinese literature are identified. Reported WF values for the same product varied across studies, and there was a lack of information regarding uncertainties. Key driving factors have been largely investigated for agricultural WFs but not for other sectors. The WF impact analyses primarily assess the environmental effects, ignoring the associated social and economic impacts. The development of WF studies has improved our understanding of water issues in China. However, there are still existing knowledge gaps to be filled to find solutions to WF-related issues.
A Review on Mariculture Effluent: Characterization and Management Tools
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Cuthbertson Alan , Gualtieri Carlo , Shao Dongdong
Published: October 2020

While marine aquaculture, or mariculture, has been growing rapidly and globally in recent decades, many environmental concerns remain to be fully addressed to achieve its long-term goal of sustainable development. This paper aims to provide a synthesized perspective on these issues by reviewing and discussing the characterization, transport, and current modelling and management tools associated with effluents released from mariculture sites. Specifically, we examined the effluent characteristics and behavior from source-to-sink, including the composition and load of effluent discharge, its transport and transformation processes in the water column and at the seabed, and its impacts on the pelagic and benthic environments. We then focused on management-related issues, including the setting of the regulatory mixing zone, the establishment of environmental standards, monitoring measures, and modelling techniques to depict the current state-of-the-art modes in a global context. Our study shows that while substantial progress has been made in understanding the nature of the mariculture effluent, as well as in monitoring and modelling its transport and fate, the regulatory framework still lags behind in many countries where the mariculture industry is relevant. This is particularly evident in the lack of consistent criteria for the definition of regulatory mixing zones and the associated environmental standards for water quality and benthic impacts. Besides, as new predictive models are emerging quickly, their proper evaluation and validation are imperative in view of their increasing application in regulatory practices. This review is intended to provide references for advancing regulatory management of mariculture effluents, as well as for promoting sustainable mariculture development.
Accretion–Erosion Dynamics of the Yellow River Delta and the Relationships with Runoff and Sediment from 1976 to 2018
Authors: Li He , Huang Chong , Liu Qingsheng , Liu Gaohuan
Published: October 2020

Timely understanding of the coastal accretion–erosion dynamics of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) can not only deepen the understanding of the evolution of the delta but also provide scientific support for water-sediment regulation (WSR) in the lower reaches of Yellow River and the implementation of a protection strategy for the Yellow River Estuary. In this long-term study, Landsat images from 1976 to 2018 were acquired, and the cloud processing platform of the Google Earth Engine was used for extraction of coastlines. On the basis of these coastlines, the area and accretion–erosion dynamics were analyzed. Then, after statistical analysis of the interannual and intra-annual variations in runoff and sediment, we discuss the relationship between the accretion–erosion dynamics and the annual runoff and sediment. The results show that (1) the coastline of the YRD lengthened first and then shortened, and the average annual growth rate was 1.48 km/a. (2) The land area of the YRD showed a significant accretionary trend before 1996, with an average annual growth rate of 28.60 km2/a. Then, the area gradually decreased from 1997 to 2001. After WSR was implemented in 2002, the accretion–erosion dynamics gradually became smooth, with an annual growth rate of 0.31 km2/a. (3) After WSR, the maximum annual sedimentation decreased by 79.70%. The average annual sediment discharge accounted for only 6.69% from November to March of the following year during the non-flood season. (4) With the continuous decrease in sediment discharge, the determination coefficient (R2) between the cumulative accretion–erosion area of the estuary and the annual sedimentation decreased from 0.98 in 1976–1996 to 0.77 after 2002. Overall, although WSR has maintained a steady increase in delta land area, it cannot change the long-term decrease in the land area of the delta. The insights gained from our study can provide some references for related coastline research, and will be useful to science community and decision makers for coastal environmental monitoring, management, protection, and sustainable development of the YRD.
Modelling Mechanically Induced Non-Newtonian Flows to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Anaerobic Digesters
Authors: Oates Andrew , Neuner Thomas , Meister Michael , Borman Duncan , Camargo-Valero Miller , Sleigh Andrew , Fischer Paul
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a finite volume based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed for investigating the mixing of non-Newtonian flows and operating conditions of an anaerobic digester. A CFD model using the multiple reference frame has been implemented in order to model the mixing in an anaerobic digester. Two different agitator designs have been implemented: a design currently used in a full-scale anaerobic mixing device, SCABA, and an alternative helical ribbon design. Lab-scale experiments have been conducted with these two mixing device designs using a water-glycerol mixture to replicate a slurry with total solids concentration of 7.5%, which have been used to validate the CFD model. The CFD model has then been scaled up in order to replicate a full-scale anaerobic digester under real operating parameters that is mechanically stirred with the SCABA design. The influence of the non-Newtonian behaviour has been investigated and found to be important for the power demand calculation. Furthermore, the other helical mixing device has been implemented at full scale and a case study comparing the two agitators has been performed; assessing the mixing capabilities and power consumption of the two designs. It was found that, for a total solids concentrations of 7.5%, the helical design could produce similar mixing capabilities as the SCABA design at a lower power consumption. Finally, the potential power savings of the more energy efficient helical design has been estimated if implemented across the whole of the United Kingdom (UK)/Austria.
Uptake and Effects of Cylindrospermopsin: Biochemical, Physiological and Biometric Responses in The Submerged Macrophyte Egeria densa Planch
Authors: Flores-Rojas Nelida Cecilia , Esterhuizen Maranda
Published: October 2020

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is being detected in surface waters more commonly and frequently worldwide. This stable, extracellular cyanotoxin causes protein synthesis inhibition, thus posing a risk to aquatic biota, including macrophytes, which serve as primary producers. Nevertheless, data regarding the effects caused by environmental concentrations of CYN is still limited. In the presented study, the uptake of CYN at environmental concentrations by the submerged macrophyte Egeria densa was investigated. Bioaccumulation, changes in the plant biomass, as well as shoot-length were assessed as responses. Variations in the cellular H2O2 levels, antioxidative enzyme activities, as well as concentrations and ratios of the photosynthetic pigments were also measured. E. densa removed 54% of CYN within 24 h and up to 68% after 336 h; however, CYN was not bioaccumulated. The antioxidative enzyme system was activated by CYN exposure. Pigment concentrations decreased with exposure but normalized after 168 h. The chlorophyll a to b ratio increased but normalized quickly thereafter. Carotenoids and the ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophylls increased after 96 h suggesting participation in the antioxidative system. Growth stimulation was observed. The ability to remove CYN and resistance to CYN toxicity within 14 days proved E. densa as suitable for phytoremediation; nonetheless, prolonged exposure (32 days) resulted in adverse effects related to CYN uptake, which needs to be studied further.
Degradation of Ketamine and Methamphetamine by the UV/H2O2 System: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Comparison
Authors: Gu De-Ming , Guo Chang-Sheng , Feng Qi-Yan , Zhang Heng , Xu Jian
Published: October 2020

The illegal use and low biodegradability of psychoactive substances has led to their introduction to the natural water environment, causing potential harm to ecosystems and human health. This paper compared the reaction kinetics and degradation mechanisms of ketamine (KET) and methamphetamine (METH) by UV/H2O2. Results indicated that the degradation of KET and METH using UV or H2O2 alone was negligible. UV/H2O2 had a strong synergizing effect, which could effectively remove 99% of KET and METH (100 μg/L) within 120 and 60 min, respectively. Their degradation was fully consistent with pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics (R2 > 0.99). Based on competition kinetics, the rate constants of the hydroxyl radical with KET and METH were calculated to be 4.43 × 109 and 7.91 × 109 M−1·s−1, respectively. The apparent rate constants of KET and METH increased respectively from 0.001 to 0.027 and 0.049 min−1 with the initial H2O2 dosage ranging from 0 to 1000 μM at pH 7. Their degradation was significantly inhibited by HCO3−, Cl−, NO3− and humic acid, with Cl− having relatively little effect on the degradation of KET. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the reaction intermediates, based on which the possible degradation pathways were proposed. These promising results clearly demonstrated the potential of the UV/H2O2 process for the effective removal of KET and METH from contaminated wastewater.
Distribution Profile of Chemical Elements during the Last 13 Thousand Years from the Sediments of Maloye Yarovoe Lake (Western Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Kolpakova Marina , Gaskova Olga , Borzenko Svetlana , Krivonogov Sergey , Naymushina Olga , Rudaya Natalia
Published: October 2020

The article presents the studies on understanding the chemical evolution of Maloye Yarovoe lake that is located in the semi-arid landscape of and represent the most widespread chemical type of saline lake (Cl-Na) on the territory of Kulunda steppe (south of Western Siberia). The lake has gone through several changes in its state which are well represented in its sediments: section 1 (4.52–4.97 m) represents the subbase; section 2 (3.0–4.57 m) corresponds to a “shallow lake” stage and contains two sublayers; section 3 (0–2.25 m) illustrates an increase in erosion of the shoreline and corresponds to a “deep lake” stage. The extrapolation of radiocarbon dates suggests that the most significant changes in the state of the lake occurred at about 6.5–7.1 ka BP (transition from a small lake to a large one with intensified coastal erosion) and at about 5.69 and 3.5 ka BP (increase in the organic component). The results of sequential extraction of elements correspond to chemical changes occurred in a certain time of the lake state by changing in their distribution level and fraction type along the core. The results of lake water evaporation and organic matter degradation modelling performed in Phreeqc for oxic and anoxic condition showed the following stages of chemical divides could be expected in case of further lakes desiccation: Halite—Epsomite—Bischofite/Carnalite with possibility of Nahcolite precipitation in carbonate enriched periods (summer and autumn periods of organic matter degradation). Water–rock interaction processes in combination with biogeochemical reactions affect drastically not only the migration features of elements in water and sediments, but also the type of mineral crystallization in lake sediments.
Sadyt: A Successful Business Case 1995–2019
Authors: Montano Borja , García-López Marcos , López-Ortiz María Inmaculada
Published: October 2020

This paper seeks to explain the internationalization process of Sadyt from 1995 (date of foundation) to the present day. This company, belonging to the Sacyr de Vallehermoso group, began its international expansion in markets such as Algeria, Tunisia, and Australia. Carrying out this case study focused on one of the companies is justified by its substantial improvement in the global ranking of desalination companies. The history of this case of business success is relevant because ten of the twenty companies that lead the global desalination market are Spanish and this fact is completely unknown outside of the sector. We will analyze in detail the main elements of the company such as its customers, strategies, suppliers, and the theories that explain the internationalization of Sadyt.
Sinapis alba L. weed infestation depending on the seeding rate and N fertilizer dose in the steppe Crimea
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Rostova Ye.N.
Published: October 2020

Dense white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) can suppress weeds, however excessive density negatively influences crop yields. The search for the optimal parameters for applying mineral fertilizers and the consumption of seed material will increase the crop yield and will improve its competitive ability. This work aimed to identify the seeding rate and doses of nitrogen fertilization at which white mustard plants can actively suppress weeds without reducing the productivity of the crop. In the course of this research, we established that S. alba sown at a rate of 2, 2.5 and 3 million seeds per ha suppressed the growth and development of weeds as much as possible. On average, in 2017-2019, the dry weight of weeds in the aforementioned variants was the least and reached 57.9; 42.3 and 38.4 g/m2, respectively. Weed species composition and quantitative parameters of weed infestation depended on the weather conditions of the year. The application of nitrogen fertilizer did not affect significantly the weediness of S. alba crops. The optimal density white mustard plant formed at a seeding rate of 2 million units/ha and, on average, for three years of research, the seed yield in this variant was the highest (0.6 t/ha).
Yield of winter wheat using complex fertilizers based on amino acids
Authors:   North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, Semenyuk O.V.
Published: October 2020

In a three-year field study, the effect of liquid complex organomineral fertilizers based on amino acids on the yield of soft winter wheat was studied. The early leaf treatment of crops with “Polydon Amino Plus” and “Polydon Amino Mix” fertilizers increased the crop yield by 9.3 % and 11.9 %, respectively.
The results of the study of the direct seeding in the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Turin E.N. , Zhenchenko K.G. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Gongalo A.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Ivanov V.Yu. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Karaeva N.V. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Reent V.V. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: October 2020

The research aimed to study the influence of different tillage-and-planting systems on the soil density of chernozem southern in the central steppe of the Crimea. The soil density is a very important parameter both in the direct seeding and conventional tillage since the no-tillage crop production system is that left soil undisturbed. The stationary experimental site is situated in the village of Klepinino Krasnogvardeyskiy district Republic of Crimea (Department of Field Сrops, FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”). This report provides data for 2019. Even though the direct seeding does not include topsoil loosening, the soil density parameters are optimal (1-1.4 g/cm3) in the 0-10-centimeter layer for the development of the roots of the studied crops. In the 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers, the soil in the reporting period is a little over-compacted despite the farming system
Elementative composition of narrow-leaved lavender inflorescences (Lavandula angustifolia L.)
Authors:   Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Farmanova N.T. , Abdumazhidova I. O. ,   Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute
Published: October 2020

For the first time, the mineral composition of lavender inflorescences harvested in the Tashkent region by the method of ICP – mass spectral analysis was studied. It has been established that the elemental composition of narrow-leaved lavender inflorescences is represented by 30 elements. The prevailing components are potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium.
Use of synthetic form Triticum miguschovae Zhir in common wheat breeding
Authors:   National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Davoyan R.O. , Bebyakina I.V. ,   National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Davoyan E.R. ,   National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Bibishev V.A. ,   National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Bespalova L.A. ,   National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Puzirnaya O.Yu. ,   National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko
Published: October 2020

T. miguschovae (GGAADD) was used as a “genetic bridge” to transfer valuable traits to the common wheat instead T. militina and Ae. tauschii. Lines with resistance to leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew, as well as with high protein content (17–18 %) were selected. The lines with translocation Т2BL.2BS-2GL, 5BS.5BL-5GL, T6BS.6BL-6GL and substitution of chromosomes 1D(1Dt), 4D(4Dt), 5D(5Dt), 6D(6Dt) were identified. DNA analysis revealed that the lines can carry leaf rust resistance genes that are different from the known Lr39 and Lr50. Introgression lines have been successfully used in breeding. Five common winter wheat cultivars are developed.
Pengembangan Varietas Unggul Padi untuk Lahan Terdampak Salinitas
Authors: Hairmansis Aris
Published: October 2020

Kadar garam yang tinggi pada tanah menjadi salah satu masalah utama pada pertanaman padi di lahan rawa pasang surut dan lahan sawah sepanjang pesisir pantai. Konsentrasi garam yang tinggi pada tanah dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil bahkan dapat mengakibatkan gagal panen atau puso. Penanaman varietas yang toleran terhadap salinitas menjadi cara yang paling efisien untuk mengurangi dampak negatif kegaraman tanah terhadap keberlanjutan poduksi padi. Berbagai usaha telah ditempuh untuk memperbaiki toleransi tanaman padi baik melalui pemuliaan konvensional, maupun dengan bantuan teknologi seperti marka molekuler dan rekayasa genetik. Pengetahuan dalam mekanisme toleransi tanaman padi terhadap cekaman salinitas telah berkembang dengan pesat mendukung program perakitan varietas toleran. Sejumlah varietas unggul padi toleran salinitas telah dilepas di Indonesia dan potensial untuk diadopsi petani di lahan terdampak salinitas. Makalah ini akan membahas kemajuan yang telah diperoleh dalam studi terkait toleransi tanaman terhadap salinitas dan strategi pengembangan varietas padi toleran salinitas yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan-lahan pertanian yang terdampak salinitas di Indonesia.
O O equilíbrio estático e dinâmico em pacientes com Parkinson submetidos a fisioterapia aquática
Authors: Costa Cristiane de Fátima Pimenta da , Cardoso Nathila Lorrana Silva , Silva Michelly Beatriz Fernandes da , Lima Stephanie Araujo Chucre de , Silva Izabelle Chrystine Sousa da , Figueiredo Rosa Costa , Melo Renata Amanajás de , Santos César Augusto de Souza , Dias George Alberto da Silva
Published: October 2020

Objetivo. Avaliar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de pacientes com Parkinson submetidos a Fisioterapia aquática. Método. Trata-se de um estudo experimental que utilizou uma amostra composta por 5 indivíduos com DP, com idades entre 40 a 70 anos, apresentando função cognitiva preservada, pressão arterial controlada e ausência de enfermidades como infecções, epilepsia, processos inflamatórios, entre outros. A avaliação foi realizada por meio do Teste de Alcance Funcional (TAF), o Teste Time Up and Go (TUG) e o Step Teste (ST). O procedimento terapêutico foi realizado em 5 fases: Aquecimento, alongamento, fortalecimento, treino de equilíbrio e relaxamento. Resultado. Foram incluídos 5 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 67,40±8,08 anos. Antes do tratamento foi observado uma correlação entre o TUG e TAF (r=-0,9; p=0,03), entre TUG e ST (r=0,9; p=0,03) e não foi notado correlação entre o TAF e ST (r=-0,7; p=0,18). Após as sessões, deixou de existir correlação entre o TUG e o TAF (r=-0,7; p=0,18), permaneceu a correlação significante para TUG e ST (r=0,9; p=0,03) e sem correlação entre TAF e ST (r=-0,4; p=0,50). Conclusão. Constatou-se que a Fisioterapia Aquática não apresentou melhora no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, no entanto contribuiu positivamente na melhora da mobilidade em meio terrestre.
Optical Forces in Silicon Nanophotonics and Optomechanical Systems: Science and Applications
Authors: Chin Lip Ket , Shi Yuzhi , Liu Ai-Qun
Published: October 2020

Light-matter interactions have been explored for more than 40 years to achieve physical modulation of nanostructures or the manipulation of nanoparticle/biomolecule. Silicon photonics is a mature technology with standard fabrication techniques to fabricate micro- and nano-sized structures with a wide range of material properties (silicon oxides, silicon nitrides,
p
- and
n
-doping, etc.), high dielectric properties, high integration compatibility, and high biocompatibilities. Owing to these superior characteristics, silicon photonics is a promising approach to demonstrate optical force-based integrated devices and systems for practical applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of optical force in silicon nanophotonic and optomechanical systems and their latest technological development. First, we discuss various types of optical forces in light-matter interactions from particles or nanostructures. We then present particle manipulation in silicon nanophotonics and highlight its applications in biological and biomedical fields. Next, we discuss nanostructure mechanical modulation in silicon optomechanical devices, presenting their applications in photonic network, quantum physics, phonon manipulation, physical sensors, etc. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of optical force-based integrated silicon photonics.
Key Policy Challenge : Social Security for Migrant Workers
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia, Kristiana Anita
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze various key policy approaches to extending social security to migrant workers. This paper reviews the social security system for migrant workers. It then attempts to policy approach for analysis. Finding this paper is to explore the impact of national and international policy and also social security agreements. The potential impact of the ratification of ILO and UN conventions on migrant workers, which ensure basic social and labor protection. The paper offers insight into the issue of some key policy challenges for the future, including for improved a fits design of social security.
Developing Human Resource Quality Using Traditional Indonesian Puppet Characteristics
Authors:   STIE Mahardhika, Indonesia, Wardhani Parwita Setya , Suprihandari Miya Dewi ,   STIE Mahardika, Indonesia
Published: October 2020

Puppet is one of the local wealth of Indonesian that must be preserved in addition to many other types of cultural wealth. Historically, puppet also played important role to spread Islam as a new religion. The characters possessed by hundreds of figures of puppets (or wayang) have become one of the educational media for the people of Indonesia since ancient times. This positive characters are passed on to many generations, especially the young. There have been many efforts made to share the virtues of the moral values of wayang, including open discussion and puppet watching activities with several competent speakers who have special expertise regarding the character development activities of the young generation of Indonesia facing the current modern era. It is hoped that from this activity the young generation will develop characters inspired from the characters of wayang so thet they will be capable of competing in the global era.
Updating great expectations: The effect of peer salary information on own-earnings forecasts
Authors: Jones Sam , Santos Ricardo
Published: October 2020

How jobseekers set their earnings expectations is central to job search models. To study this process, we track the evolution of own-earnings forecasts over 18 months for a representative panel of university-leavers in Mozambique and estimate the impact of a wage information intervention. We sent participants differentiated messages about the average earnings of their peers, obtained from prior survey rounds. Demonstrating the stickiness of (initially optimistic) beliefs, we find an elasticity of own-wage expectations to this news of around 7 per cent in the short term and 16 per cent over the long term, which compares to a 22 per cent elasticity in response to unanticipated actual wage offers. We further find evidence of heterogeneous updating heuristics, where factors such as the initial level of optimism, cognitive skills, perceived reliability of the information, and valence of the news shape how wage expectations are updated. We recommend institutionalizing public information about earnings.
El funcionalismo en el derecho penal peruano. Apreciaciones, teoría y práctica
Authors: Villa Stein Javier
Published: October 2020

En los últimos años, el funcionalismo sistémico o normativo se ha asentado y desplegado en la doctrina y jurisprudencia del derecho penal peruano, instaurando con claridad, precisión y coherencia, soluciones a problemas concretos que anteriormente quedaban rezagados a las respuestas dadas por las doctrinas naturalistas, ontologistas y finalistas. Así, acogiendo una visión avanzada del funcionalismo, nos ocupamos de explicitar su evolución anterior y la postura asumida por el maestro de la Universidad de Bonn, Günther Jakobs, autor que plantea la relación funcional entre la sociedad y la dogmática jurídico penal, la cual debe ser refundamentada en su planteamiento central, de cara a salvaguardar el sistema social y estatal mediante la estabilidad de la norma penal, en procura de garantizar las mínimas expectativas del ciudadano en el adecuado funcionamiento de la vida social
MAIN PROBLEMS OF DETECTION OF TRANSACTION COSTS IN ACCOUNTING-INFORMATION PROVIDED MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
Authors: Liudvenko Dmytro
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The article describes the market and globalization exacerbate the problem of competitiveness of products, enterprises, states. The role of accounting-formation support is increasing for the management, socioeconomic and environmental basis of the competitiveness of enterprises in the livestock sector. Accounting in the agrarian sector has unquestionable success. It is demonstrated clearly by the identification of transaction and transaction costs in the livestock industry today. The importance of accounting are achievements in the agricultural sector. The accountants' attention and therefore at all levels of management are not isolated in accounting standards for these costs in the economic activity of an agricultural enterprise.
Purpose. The task is to substantiate: The need to isolate the composition of transaction costs in accounting accounts. We must to ensure competitiveness in the new economic environment. It is requires accounting and information management of agricultural enterprises engaged in the livestock industry.
Results. Scientists are suggest: transaction costs depend on the institutional environment in which the agrarian business operates. It makes impossible to directly influence such costs. The problem of competitiveness transaction costs are of great importance.We must require greater control at all levels of management. It is requires appropriate response of accounting specialization in accountingThe information management of agricultural enterprises engaged in the livestock industry. It should be emphasized: Transaction costs have become particularly important in the socio-economic environment over the last century. This component operates outside the scope of transformational costs. This component has a significant impact on the convenience of doing business in agriculture. The presence of these costs derive from the availability and clarity of accounting. The information management of agricultural enterprises engaged in the livestock sector . This is determine the competitiveness of economies.
METHODICAL SUPPORT OF ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC MONEY SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Stovpova Anna
Published: October 2020

There is a tendency for the popularity of electronic money in general and their special type – cryptocurrencies. Their advantages in terms of speed and cheapness of transactions are obvious. However, adaptations also need methodological support for their analysis. The aim is to investigate the methodological support for financial and economic analysis of money settlements that can be used for electronic money, to analyse possible adjustments that need to be made to existing methodologies to account for the peculiarities of this type of money.
Electronic money is not only electronic money of so-called monetary financial institutions licensed by the National Banks (MFI electronic money), but also virtual currencies. In general, electronic methods are suitable for universal methods of financial and economic analysis: horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, comparative analysis and factor analysis. The coefficient analysis can be used provided the standard coefficients are adapted to analyse the cash flow to the peculiarities of economic money. Thus, it is desirable to use the downward weighting ratio of current financial investments, which are electronic money, in the indicators of cash flow solvency (liquidity). This ratio should take into account the existing risks of owning such assets. The following features of virtual currencies are highlighted, which should be taken into account by the developed method of analysis: volatility, high risk of loss of ownership, ability to hold as an investment asset. Taking into account these peculiarities, the following economic and statistical methods and methods of mathematical modelling for electronic money are proposed and substantiated: coefficient of variation, integral risk model, Markowitz model for optimization of investment portfolio based on Sharpe coefficient.
The proposed approaches to the economic analysis of electronic money settlements will allow to estimate reliably the financial condition of the enterprises possessing electronic money, to provide management of relevant information for making management decisions on the use of electronic money, including virtual currencies, to assess the investment attractiveness of asset placement in the form of asset and financial assets. assess the existing risks of owning them.