bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reference intervals of urinary kidney injury biomarkers for middle-aged men and women determined by quantitative protein mass spectrometry
Authors: van Duijl Tirsa T , Ruhaak L Renee , Hoogeveen Ellen K , de Mutsert Renée , Rosendaal Frits R , le Cessie Saskia , de Fijter Johan W , Cobbaert Christa M
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

There is an ongoing need to recognize early kidney injury and its progression in structural chronic pathologies. The proteins neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), solute carrier family 22 member 2 (SLC22A2), nephrin, cubilin, and uromodulin (UMOD) have been proposed as early kidney injury biomarkers. To guide clinical interpretation, their urinary concentrations should be accompanied by reference intervals, which we here establish in a representative Dutch middle-aged population.

Materials and Methods

The 24 h urine samples from 1443 Caucasian middle-aged men and women were analyzed for the biomarkers by quantitative LC-MS/MS. Biomarker excretion per 24 h were calculated, and urine creatinine and osmolality were measured for dilution normalization. This population was characterized by demographic and anthropometric parameters, comorbid conditions, and conventional kidney function measures.

Results

NGAL, IGFBP7, TIMP2, KIM-1, and UMOD could be quantified in this population, whereas nephrin, SLC22A2, and CXCL9 were below their detection limits. Urine creatinine and osmolality were correlated to urine volume (r = −0.71; −0.74) and to IGFBP7 (r = 0.73; 0.71) and TIMP2 (r = 0.71; 0.69). Crude and normalized biomarker concentrations were affected by sex, but not by age, body mass index, smoking, kidney function, or common comorbid conditions. The reference intervals (men; women) were 18–108; 21–131 pmol IGFBP7/mmol creatinine, 1–63; 4–224 pmol NGAL/mmol creatinine, 7–48; 7–59 pmol TIMP2/mmol creatinine, <1–9; <1–12 pmol KIM-1/mmol creatinine, and 0.1–1.2; 0.1–1.7 mg UMOD/mmol creatinine.

Conclusion

We present dilution-normalized and sex-stratified urinary reference intervals of kidney injury biomarkers in a middle-aged Caucasian population.
An edge identification method for gap in-line measurement based on fillet assumption
Authors: Zhao Qijian , Sun Pengfei , Cao Yu , Zhang Liangxin
Published: August 2022

The optical measurement technology could reduce manual work and improve quality in assembly. The confocal scanning scheme is proposed to measure the narrow gap in-line but it is hard to identify the edges of a gap. This paper proposed an edge definition and presented an edge identification method for gap measurement. The edge profile is defined as a part of a circle, which could be identified by the shutter time feature. The defined edge point could be calculated by fitting the edge profile, and then the width of a gap section is calculated by two edge points. The width of a gap can be evaluated by the average of several gap section. The experimental results indicate that the repeatability of the method is less than 2 µm and the precision of the measurement is higher than ±2.5 µm. The proposed method is feasible for in-line measurement application in assembly.
Research on global path planning of unmanned vehicles based on improved ant colony algorithm in the complex road environment
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Li Qing , Zhang Junhui
Published: August 2022

When planning the path of a non-urbanized road, the default ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm does not consider complex road state function such as uneven surface, road attachment coefficient, and vehicle turning angle limit. Based on the actual situation of roads and vehicles, a pavement state function that considers uneven areas such as road bumps and pavement attachment is proposed to improve the description of path length. Then, a heuristic function based on the A* algorithm and an improved mechanism for the initialization of pheromone distribution is proposed, which changes the blindness of ant colony search, accelerates the convergence of the ACO, and improves the search efficiency. The global search capability of the algorithm is enhanced by improving the path selection strategy and path transition probability function. The pheromone updating method is improved by using the MAX-MIN Ant System, which increases the algorithm diversity and avoids local optima. Further, using the pruning algorithm to reduce the number of paths significantly increases the convergence speed. Simulation results show that the improved ACO algorithm has better convergence speed and global search ability. Combining road state processing with vehicle corner processing can effectively improve the safety, adaptability, and reliability of autonomous vehicles. And the global optimal path planning of unmanned vehicles on complex roads can also be realized.
Principles and Practices of Methodology and Methods in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Authors: Poortinga Ype H. , Fontaine Johnny R. J.
Published: August 2022

Principles of methodology in (cross-)cultural psychology are discussed and how these work out in practice. We propose that the frequently mentioned contrasts between context-specificity and universality of psychological functioning, and between qualitative and quantitative research traditions can be transcended by an empirical cycle in which both qualitative methods geared to exploration and quantitative methods geared to testing of hypotheses are acknowledged. We note issues in research due to non-random sampling, lack of psychometric equivalence of data, and nesting of individuals in populations. We argue that concerns about poor reproducibility in psychology cannot be ignored in cross-cultural psychology and make suggestions how research can be improved by treating this not as a threat but as an opportunity to expand cooperation.
The Non-Coalescence of /h/ and Incomplete Neutralization in South Jeolla Korean
Authors: J. Lee Seunghun , Villegas Julián , Oh Mira
Published: August 2022

This study examines articulatory and acoustic data in order to investigate the non-coalescence of /h/ in South Jeolla. Seoul Korean speakers produce /pap/ “rice” followed by /hana/ “one” as [pa.pha.na] with the coalescence of /p/ and /h/; this is called an aspiration merger. In South Jeolla Korean, this merger may be blocked, as in cases where speakers produce /pap+hana/ as [pa.ba.na]. Electroglottographic (EGG) data indicate the existence of two groups of South Jeolla speakers: one that merges the plosive and /h/ (the merger group), and the other with the canonical South Jeolla Korean pronunciation that does not merge the two consonants (the non-merger group). The production of non-coalesced lenis stops in the non-merger group is phonetically comparable with an underlying lenis stop produced by both of the groups. However, in the non-merger group, the open quotient (OQ) of a vowel following a non-coalesced lenis stop is higher (breathier) than that of an underlying lenis stop. Spectral tilt results display a similarly increased breathiness when the vowel follows a non-coalesced lenis stop. As for the non-merger group of South Jeolla, we argue that speakers display incomplete neutralization such that the non-merger group produces two types of voiced lenis stops differing in the phonation of the following vowel. These findings suggest that previous phonological analyses that posit the /h/-deletion in the non-merger group of South Jeolla Korean need to be revisited.
College Instructors’ Theories of Intelligence and Awareness of Student Dyslexia as Related to the Feedback Provided for the Student’s Writing Assignment
Authors: Chang Tzu-Fen , Lee Gabrielle T. , Bruce Alyssia T. , Powell Denise N. , Yang Li-hsuan
Published: August 2022

Research indicates that teachers’ theories of intelligence (incremental vs. entity) are likely to affect their teaching practices, and some teachers hold lower expectations for students with learning disabilities. This study explored the relationships between college instructors’ theories of intelligence and the feedback they provided based on a student’s writing sample under two conditions: the student’s dyslexia was mentioned versus not mentioned. One hundred and one college instructors completed a survey. Results of path analysis indicated the instructors who endorsed the incremental theory of intelligence gave significantly more encouraging comments than those who endorsed the entity theory. Instructors’ theories of intelligence did not predict the grade assigned, the number of weaknesses pointed out, and the number of suggestions provided. The instructors informed of the student’s dyslexia gave significantly higher grades than those not informed, but the instructors’ feedback did not differ. No significant interaction between instructors’ theories of intelligence and awareness of student dyslexia was found.
What Lies Beneath: Organisational Responses to Powerful Stakeholders
Authors: Alvarez Lorenzo Fabiola , Stoyanova Russell Dimitrinka , Townley Barbara
Published: August 2022

This article takes recourse to a particular branch of French Pragmatic Sociology, namely, Boltanski and Thévenot’s ‘orders of worth’ paradigm, as a lens through which to both explore the misalignment between espoused values and retrospective discourses and illustrate the underlying motivations behind decision making in an organisation within the creative industries sector. By virtue of its contributions at the organisational, social and sectorial levels, our study contributes to extant debates pertaining to individual agency versus structural constraints as well as demonstrating the heterogeneity of modes of formal compliance to wider institutionalised legitimacy. In so doing, it builds upon recent work that seeks to broaden the notion of value in the creative industries, while, simultaneously, calling for greater heterogeneity in policy making in the sector through an ongoing process of ‘creative conflict’.
Three-Dimensional Printed Models to Accelerate Resident Surgical Learning Curve for Standard Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Techniques
Authors: Ahmad Jumah G. , Citardi Alexander J. , Luong Amber U. , Yao William C.
Published: August 2022

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery presents significant visuospatial challenges to surgical trainees. We tested the utility of novel 3D printed models to simulate sinus surgery tasks to improve endoscopic skillsets in resident trainees. Methods: This was a prospective quality improvement study of 10 ENT residents (PGY1-5). Participants rotated through 4 stations with different 3D simulation training modules designed to enhance endoscopic skillsets in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes (e.g., straight forceps to grasp a bead from a ledge, angled instruments to cannulate openings). Participants completed a self-assessment survey on the subjective sinus surgical skills using a visual analog scale before and after tasks. Two- tailed paired T-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: All residents rated their post-intervention “overall sinus surgery skills” higher than pre-intervention. They rated simulations to provide more significant utility as an adjunct to surgical education after the intervention. All but one participant reported improved spatial awareness working with the endoscopes and surgical instruments. There was subjectively improved proficiency in using 0-degree and angled endoscopes as well as cutting, grasping, and curved instruments after the intervention. The simulations led to subjective improvements in spatial awareness, bimanual dexterity, and increased confidence in selecting correct surgical instruments. Conclusion: Our set of novel 3D printed models to improve sinus surgery skillset was well accepted by the resident cohort. The 3D models can serve as an adjunct tool to traditional residency education.
Investigating community evolutions in TikTok dangerous and non-dangerous challenges
Authors: Bonifazi Gianluca , Cecchini Silvia , Corradini Enrico , Giuliani Lorenzo , Ursino Domenico , Virgili Luca
Published: August 2022

In just few years, TikTok has become a major player in the social media environment, especially with regard to teenagers. One of the key factors of this success is the idea of challenges, that is, video competitions/emulations on a certain topic, which a user can launch and other ones can join. Most of the challenges are fun and harmless. However, there are also users who launch challenges that are dangerous, or at least suitable only for an adult audience (and TikTok is the most popular social network for teenagers). This article focuses primarily on this kind of challenge. In particular, it investigates an aspect not yet studied in the literature, which is the different characteristics and evolutionary dynamics of the communities of users participating in non-dangerous and dangerous challenges. Its final goal is the identification of evolutionary patterns that distinguish the communities of users participating in the two types of challenges. The knowledge of these patterns could be a first step in implementing an approach to the early detection of dangerous challenges in TikTok.
Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without allogeneic blood transfusion: An observational cohort study
Authors: Grazioli Alison , Plazak Michael , Dahi Siamak , Rabin Joseph , Menne Ashley , Ghoreishi Mehrdad , Taylor Bradley , Perelman Seth , Mazzeffi Michael
Published: August 2022

Introduction

It remains unclear whether patients who will not accept allogeneic blood transfusion can be managed successfully with veno-arterial (V-A) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The objective of our study was to determine what percentage of V-A ECMO patients were managed without allogeneic blood transfusion.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with cardiogenic shock requiring V-A ECMO between January 2016 and January 2019. The primary outcome was avoidance of any allogeneic blood transfusion.

Results

Of the 206 patients included, 23 (11.2%) were managed without any allogeneic blood transfusion. Fourteen (60.9%) avoided allogeneic blood transfusion during their entire hospitalization. “No-transfusion” patients were younger, more commonly men, were less likely to have a prior diagnosis of hypertension or coronary artery disease, had higher baseline hemoglobin, had higher SAVE scores, and were less likely to have received aspirin before ECMO. No patients in the “no-transfusion” group had major bleeding compared to 35% of patients in the blood transfusion group ( p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was 17.4% for those who avoided blood transfusion and 41.5% for those who received blood transfusion ( p = 0.04). ECMO duration was significantly shorter in patients who avoided blood transfusion compared to those who received blood transfusion (median 3.5 vs 7 days, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Select patients can be successfully managed on V-A ECMO without allogeneic blood transfusion. Jehovah’s Witnesses and other patients with objections to allogeneic transfusion might be offered V-A ECMO if its anticipated duration is short (e.g. <7 days) and baseline hemoglobin concentration is high (e.g. ≥10 mg/dL).
Costs and benefits of audiovisual interactions
Authors: Tai Jiayue , Forrester Jack , Sekuler Robert
Published: August 2022

A strong temporal correlation promotes integration of concurrent sensory signals, either within a single sensory modality, or from different modalities. Although the benefits of such integration are well known, far less attention has been given to possible costs incurred when concurrent sensory signals are uncorrelated. In two experiments, subjects categorized the rate at which a visual object modulated in size, while they also tried to ignore a concurrent task-irrelevant broadband sound. Overall, the experiments showed that (i) losses in accuracy from mismatched auditory and visual rates were larger than gains from matched rates and (ii) mismatched auditory and visual rates slowed responses more than they were sped up when rates matched. Experiment One showed that audiovisual interaction varied with the difference between the visual modulation rate and the modulation rate of a concurrent auditory stimulus. Experiment Two showed that audiovisual interaction depended upon the strength of the task-irrelevant auditory modulation. Although our stimuli involved abstract, low-dimensional stimuli, not speech, the effects we observed parallel key findings on interference in multi-speaker settings.
Race and Ethnicity Differences in Walking and Associations with Neighborhood Perceptions among Older Adults in California
Authors: Choi Anna , Blanco Luisa , Hays Ron D.
Published: August 2022

This paper estimates differences in walking and associations of walking with neighborhood perceptions among older adults in California. We analyzed the restricted-use California Health Interview Survey data merged with the American Community Survey data. Walking at least 10 minutes for leisure in the last 7 days and number of minutes walked were regressed on perceived neighborhood social cohesion scale (PNSCS) and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. We estimated ordinary least squares regression models. We found that positive neighborhood perceptions were significantly (p< 0.05) associated with walking among older Hispanic and Asian adults. Older Hispanic adults with above median PNSCS report that they walk 6.3 percentage points more than Non-Hispanic White adults. Older adults’ perceptions of their neighbors and neighborhoods are positively correlated with walking. Policymakers can consider ways to improve neighborhood perceptions and relationships to help increase walking among minority older adults especially in low SES neighborhoods.
Job Demands May Determine Cognitive and Physical Aging After Retirement
Authors: Calatayud Estela , Lozano-Berges Gabriel , Peralta-Marrupe Patricia , Latorre Eva , Gomez-Soria Isabel
Published: August 2022

During adulthood, we spend most of our time and efforts at work. However, the impact of employment in aging is poorly explored. Our study addressed how job demands can affect aging after retirement. We have developed a descriptive observational study carried out in 367 older adults with a mean age of 73.9 years (66.5% women and 33.5% men), measuring cognition and functional status. Our results demonstrate that older adults who had high mental demands in their jobs, show better scores in cognition. However, they show poor functional development of basic and instrumental activities of daily life (p< .05). In contrast, former workers who had high physical demands, display lower scores in cognition and lower functional performance in instrumental activities (p< .05). Work life activities contribute to cognitive and physical decline after retirement. Therefore, healthy aging should include interventions that consider the job influence on the age impairment.
Pain Management and Opioid Consumption After Outpatient Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Zorrilla Astrid Marina , Sanchez-Covarrubias Alex P. , Martin Keren , Rodriguez Michael
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Opioid overprescription after surgery results in a surplus of tablets that become available for diversion and abuse. This study aims to describe opioid consumption after common elective outpatient cosmetic surgeries to provide a reference for surgeons and deter preemptive overprescription. Secondary endpoints were risk factors for increased opioid use after cosmetic surgery and the influence of helium plasma technology (Renuvion; Apyx Medical Corporation, Clearwater, Florida) on postoperative opioid consumption.

Materials and Methods:

Patients completed a preoperative survey on the day of surgery and a postoperative survey 14 to 21 days after surgery. Data regarding procedure type, demographics, quantity of prescribed opioids, pain experience, amount of opioids consumed, and supplementation with over-the-counter pain medications or alternative therapies were collected.

Results:

Two hundred sixty-six patients were included. On average, 28 opioid pills were prescribed, and 13.8 pills were consumed across all cosmetic surgery types. Procedure type, body mass index, ethnicity, prior surgical history, and the incorporation of helium plasma technology did not influence opioid consumptions postoperatively. Patients with a surgical complication had a statistically significant higher opioid use than those without a surgical complication ( P = .0397).

Conclusions:

Patients in our study required on average about half of the opioids prescribed during the immediate postoperative period. Means of opioids consumed per cosmetic surgery category are described and can serve as a reference for cosmetic surgeons.
Optimizing Medication Distribution in Automated Dispensing Cabinets: Dashboard Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Wai David F. , Merchant Rahim F. , Donneyong Macarius M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To determine the impact of a business intelligence dashboard tool to optimize automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs). Methods: A pre-post implementation design was used to evaluate key performance indicators (KPI) before and after the implementation of a dashboard tool to optimize ADCs. Eleven ADCs were optimized in 2 phases according to dashboard recommendations: (1) removal of unused medications over 90 days, (2) adjusting periodic automatic replenishment (PAR) levels, and (3) addition of commonly dispensed medications. The KPI measures that were assessed included inventory cost, no. of stocked medications, stockout percentage, vend to refill ratio, and missing dose messages from nursing. An interrupted-time-series regression was used to quantify the impact of ADCs on the means of measured KPIs. Results: Differences in mean distribution of all KPIs, except missing dose, between the pre- and post-ADC periods during the Phase 1 period were statistically significant: inventory cost (54.2 vs 56), stockout percentage (1.55 vs 1.12), vend to refill ratio (6.83 vs 6.14), and missing dose messages (221 vs 229). Only the mean ADC utilization (57.3 vs 64) and missing dose (228 vs 179) were statistically different between the pre- and post-ADC periods in Phase 2. The interrupted-time-series analysis showed that Phase 1 optimization significantly reduced the cost of inventory (β = −$1.238.00, P < .01), no. Stocked medications (β = −8.2, P < .01), percent stockout (β = −.49%, P < .01), vend-to-refill ratio (β = −1.29%, P<.01) and ADC utilization (β = −.2, P < .01). Conclusion: Automated dispensing cabinets optimization, through the use of a dashboard tool, had a positive impact on almost all measured KPIs.
Taking stock: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on University–Community engagement
Authors: Cristofoletti Evandro C , Pinheiro Rómulo
Published: August 2022

This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university–community engagement (UCE) as an academic mission. The aim of the work is to outline the ways in which UCE has been functioning since the turbulent onset of the pandemic in the spring of 2020. The study undertakes a systematic review of the UCE literature to identify major trends, raising important questions regarding ongoing scholarly discussions and managerial/policy debates on the subject. The results show seven distinct types of engagement responses by higher education institutions (HEIs) across the globe. In addition, the review identified that HEIs faced difficulties in either adapting existing engagement practices or while establishing new ones, especially regarding the efficient use of digital technologies. In terms of implications, the findings suggest that the pandemic has resulted in new debates about the societal role of HEIs, with medium- and long-term implications for policy and management.
Intrapersonal Compromise and Ethical Deliberation
Authors: Shingleton Bradley
Published: August 2022

Compromise is usually associated with concerns about expedience and feelings of regret. It is seen as requiring the surrender of principle in order to avoid a worse outcome. This article proposes an alternative concept of compromise, one that complements without wholly replacing traditional notions of it. It focuses on the intrapersonal aspect of compromise, and envisions it as concerned with maintaining a sense of coherence in how one sees oneself as an ethical agent. This involves consideration of ethical identity, and of the nature of principles as guides for action. The alternative conception proposed hopefully leads to a more affirmative idea of compromise, one less burdened with a sense of remorse.
Effect of axial slot casing treatment on a counter-rotating axial-flow compressor aerodynamic performance and stability
Authors: Guo Yanchao , Mao Xiaochen , Wang Lei , Gao Limin
Published: August 2022

Counter-rotating axial-flow compressor (CRAC) technology is an important technical way to improve the thrust-to-weight ratio of aero-engines. To explore the stall margin improvement potential of axial slot casing treatment (ASCT) in the CRAC, a two-stage CRAC is selected to investigate the influence of axial position and radial deflection angle of slots on the stabilization capability of ASCT by numerical method. The paper also revealed the stability expansion mechanism of ASCT in the CRAC and the effect of casing treatment on the rotor/rotor interference effect between the front and rear rotors. Results show that the axial position of slots has little effect on stall margin improvement capacity of ASCT but has a great influence on peak efficiency. Increasing the radial deflection angle of slots to further improve the stabilization ability of ASCT is not remarkable, but it is beneficial to decline the efficiency penalty. The suppression of tip leakage flow by slots and the transport of low-energy fluid near the blade tip can delay the occurrence of the stall, and the maximum stall margin is improved by about 10.75%. Besides, the ASCT decreases the unsteady interference effect between the rotors and inhibits the potential flow effect of the downstream blade passage and improves the inlet flow field quality of the rear rotors.
Following the herds? A new distribution of hunting kites in Southwest Asia
Authors: Fradley Michael , Simi Francesca , Guagnin Maria
Published: August 2022

Remote-sensing analysis of open-source satellite imagery has identified a major, new distribution of undocumented hunting kite structures in northern Arabia. This new data has important implications on the environmental viability of hunting and on possible settlement patterns during the early and middle Holocene. Running across the eastern side of the Nafud Desert in Saudi Arabia, this research has identified star-shaped kites in a distribution that continues on to southern Iraq. From a broader perspective, this new distribution appears to represent a continuation of the well-known arc of kites recorded running principally through southern Syria and eastern Jordan. As well as representing an important archaeological identification in its own right, this new distribution also has important implications in terms of the paleoenvironment of the region, faunal dispersals and human cultural connections.
Reduction in Firewood Consumption due to Implementation of Improved Cookstoves in Melghat Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Kulkarni Jayant , Mehta Prachi , Vartak Anuja , Ghose Dipankar , Reddy M. Sreenivas
Published: August 2022

According to the 2001 Census of India, around 82% of the rural population of India depends entirely on biomass and uses primitive cookstoves for cooking. The smoke released due to incomplete combustion causes several chronic respiratory disorders among women responsible for cooking. Despite these adverse effects, people continue to use traditional cookstoves due to their simplicity. Firewood consumption is also responsible for the degradation of forests and the emission of CO2, which is a major greenhouse gas. A project was implemented by Wildlife Research and Conservation Society in 12 villages in Melghat Tiger Reserve to introduce improved cook stoves in 1,098 households for reducing firewood consumption and smoke emission. This study estimated that the improved cookstoves (ICS) had reduced the average per capita firewood consumption by 0.61 kg/day (25%) and resulted in the conservation of 1,171 tons of firewood annually. A decrease of 1,953 tons of CO2 emissions due to the installation of ICS has been estimated. Installation of ICS reduced the time taken to cook a meal by an average of 40 minutes and reduced smoke production, thereby contributing to the health of the users.
A Teacher, an Advisor, and a Counselor: An Autoethnographic Narrative of an English Language Instructor
Authors: Stojanović Maja
Published: August 2022

Using a personal narrative approach, I examine my experiences with teaching English to adults from a Balkan country. As I focus on understanding my teaching experiences, I frame my analysis through adult education theory to understand my role as an adult educator. The significance of this narrative comes from its focus on practice as I highlight the gaps in academic and professional development, challenges faced by, as well as developmental needs of English language teachers who teach adult learners in the Balkan context.
Adolescent Girls and Their Family Members’ Attitudes Around Gendered Power Inequity and Associations with Future Aspirations in Karnataka, India
Authors: Closson Kalysha , Prakash Ravi , Javalkar Prakash , Beattie Tara , Thalinja Raghavendra , Collumbien Martine , Ramanaik Satyanarayana , Isac Shajy , Watts Charlotte , Moses Stephen , Gafos Mitzy , Heise Lori , Becker Marissa , Bhattacharjee Parinita
Published: August 2022

Intergenerational differences in inequitable gender attitudes may influence developmental outcomes, including education. In rural Karnataka, India, we examined the extent of intergenerational (adolescent girls [AGs] vs. older generation family members) dis/agreement to attitudes around gendered power inequities, including gender roles and violence against women (VAW). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression examined associations between intergenerational dis/agreement to attitude statements and AGs’ future educational and career aspirations. Of 2,457 AGs, 90.9% had a matched family member (55% mothers). While traditional gender roles were promoted intergenerationally, more AGs supported VAW than family members. In adjusted models, discordant promotion of traditional gender roles and concordant disapproval of VAW were associated with greater aspirations. Results highlight the need for family-level programming promoting positive modeling of gender-equitable attitudes.
Perioperative Management of an Adolescent Fontan Patient with Narrowing of the Aortopulmonary Space for Posterior Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: van Loon Kim , Minkhorst Remco , ter Heide Henriette , Breur Hans M. P. , Kruyt Moyo C. , Schlosser Tom P.C.
Published: August 2022

Congenital cardiac patients who received neonatal reconstructive aortic arch surgery are at risk of aortopulmonary space narrowing with compression of the left pulmonary artery and left main bronchus (LMB) later in life. We discuss a challenging adolescent single ventricle patient who presented for surgical treatment of a non-idiopathic thoracic scoliosis (posterior spinal fusion) with severe stenosis of the LMB and left pulmonary artery due to a narrow aortopulmonary space. Careful preoperative imaging, evaluation, and decision making resulted in successful surgical treatment and uneventful perioperative course.
Till the land, defend the land: reflections on the critical place-based pedagogy of the Alternative Learning Center for Agricultural and Livelihood Development, Surigao del Sur
Authors: Sy Jose Monfred C
Published: August 2022

This study delves into the critical dimensions of agrarian education and practices in the Alternative Learning Center for Agricultural and Livelihood Development in Surigao del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines. Alternative Learning Center for Agricultural and Livelihood Development is an alternative Indigenous school for the Lumad peoples, a collective identity encompassing 18 ethnolinguistic groups in Mindanao. The school’s curriculum, contrapuntal to mainstream education, emphasizes agricultural practice as a subject component. Informants of this study, which includes two students, two teachers, and a curriculum designer, suggest that organic farming sustains both the food security of the school and the students’ commitment to defending their ancestral land. Reflecting through the syncretized lens of pedagogy and ecology, the study describes how the environmental knowledge construed by the schools’ composite pedagogy fosters a radical stewardship over the Lumad ancestral domain. This perception of land necessitates not only a pro-environmental ethic but also the organized resistance against resource dispossession.
Examining Internalizing Mental Health Correlates of Addiction Severity in Patients Hospitalized With Medical Complications From Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Baginski Bryana N , Byrne Kaileigh A , Demosthenes Lauren , Roth Prerana J
Published: August 2022

Background:

Comorbidities between Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and mental health disorders are highly prevalent, yet there remains a lack of information regarding how mental health conditions may affect addiction severity. Consequently, this study sought to investigate the relationship between internalizing disorders (anxiety and mood disorders) and addiction severity in patients hospitalized for SUD-related medical complications. Individual difference predictors and history of prior treatment for SUD were also examined.

Methods:

Participants (N = 200) were hospitalized patients who consented to receive peer-based recovery support services for their SUD. To be eligible for the study, participants needed to have a SUD diagnosis due to alcohol, opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, or a combination of these substances (polysubstance use). Participants completed self-report questionnaires regarding demographics, mental health history, prior SUD treatment, and addiction severity (Drug and Alcohol Screening Test; DAST-10) during their hospitalization.

Results:

Results showed that patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) ( M = 6.68, SD = 2.97) had greater addiction severity compared to those without GAD ( M = 5.41, SD = 3.34), P = .016. Addiction severity results stratified by SUD type showed that the relationship was significant among patients with Alcohol Use Disorder ( P = .014), but not among those with other SUD types ( Ps > .27). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were not linked to addiction severity. Among those with GAD, 81.4% had previously been to treatment compared to only 53.1% of those without GAD, P = .010. The only participant characteristic linked with addiction severity was insurance status.

Conclusions:

GAD may represent a risk factor for advanced alcohol addiction trajectories, including greater addiction severity and severe health complications requiring inpatient hospitalization.
Impact of an Accelerated Pretreatment Evaluation on Linkage-to-Care for Hepatitis C-infected Persons Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Martel-Laferrière Valérie , Brissette Suzanne , Wartelle-Bladou Claire , Juteau Louis-Christophe , Popa Maria , Goyer Marie-Ève , Bruneau Julie
Published: August 2022

Background:

Historically, hepatitis C virus (HCV) pretreatment evaluation has required multiple visits, frequently resulting in loss to follow-up and a delayed initiation of treatment. New technologies can accelerate this process. We investigated the feasibility of a single-day evaluation program and its impact on evaluation completion, treatment eligibility awareness, and treatment initiation among people who inject drugs (PWIDs).

Methods:

HCV-infected PWID who were unaware if they were eligible for treatment were recruited in a prospective evaluation of an accelerated model of care between 2017 and 2019 and compared to a historical cohort. The patients underwent a medical evaluation, rapid HCV viral load testing, and transient elastography during a single visit, at the end of which they were informed whether they were eligible for treatment. A historical cohort of patients fulfilling the same inclusion criteria and evaluated with the usual standard of care spanning several visits who were examined at the addiction medicine clinic from 2014 to 2016 served as the comparison group.

Results:

The accelerated and historical cohorts included 99 and 76 patients, respectively. The cohorts did not differ significantly by age and gender, but more patients in the historical cohort were undergoing opioid agonist therapy, while more patients in the accelerated cohort injected drugs in the last month. An accelerated evaluation resulted in a higher rate of evaluation completion (100% vs 67.1%; P < .001). Among those eligible for treatment, the proportion of those initiating treatment was similar between the groups (51/64 (79.7%) vs. 26/37 (70.3%); P = .28). The delay in the initiation of treatment was shorter in the accelerated cohort than in the historical cohort (69 (IQR: 49-106) days vs. 219 (IQR: 141-416) days; P < .001).

Conclusions:

Accelerated evaluation enhanced the awareness of eligibility and reduced the time to initiation among eligible patients.

Trial Registration:

This study is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02755402).
Neurologic disease activity in people with multiple sclerosis treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Conway Sarah E , Pua Danielle Kei A , Holroyd Kathryn B , Galetta Kristin , Bhattacharyya Shamik
Published: August 2022

Background:

There is concern that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) can provoke relapses in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Objective:

Analyze outcomes of pwMS who received ICPI treatment for malignancy.

Methods:

We electronically identified pwMS who received ICPI treatment at Mass General Brigham hospital system. We retrospectively obtained information about patients’ MS, cancer, treatment, and outcomes.

Results:

Sixteen patients were identified with an average (standard deviation (SD)) age of 67.4 (11.9) years. Eleven (68.8%) had no relapses since MS diagnosis. None had MS relapses after ICPI treatment or new MS lesions.

Conclusion:

ICPI use was not associated with increased clinical disease activity in this cohort of older patients with inactive MS.
Learning multiword items through dictation and dictogloss: How task performance predicts learning outcomes
Authors: Yu Xi , Boers Frank , Tremblay Paul
Published: August 2022

This article reports a quasi-experimental study which compared the effectiveness for multiword item learning of three listening-based activities: dictation, dictogloss, and answering text comprehension questions. In a dictation, students write down segments of text immediately after listening to them, whereas in dictogloss students try to reconstruct the text from memory. Chinese learners of English ( N = 142) first engaged in one of the three activities, then received the transcript of the text and used a different colour to make corrections to what they had written. The learners were given an unannounced immediate and a two-week delayed posttest concerning 10 expressions from the text. Both dictation and dictogloss led to better scores than answering comprehension questions in the immediate posttest, but the advantage diminished in the delayed test, and this most markedly so for the dictation activity. Items that were successfully retrieved during the text-reconstruction stage of the dictogloss activity rather than rectified by the students afterwards with the aid of the transcript stood the best chance of being recalled in the posttests. This suggests that dictogloss could be made more effective if it were implemented in ways that promote accurate retrieval at the text-reconstruction stage.
Hydrodynamic pressures analysis of submerged floating tunnel under coaction of seismic SV wave and ocean wave
Authors: Lin Heng , Zhao Junliang , Wu Dongyan , Huang Weiming
Published: August 2022

Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an innovative traffic structure for crossing long waterway or deep straits. To investigate the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the SFT under coaction of seismic SV wave and ocean wave, a theoretical model is developed for considering the effect of marine sediment. According to the displacement potential functions and linear wave theory, the reflection and refraction coefficients of wave action in different media are derived. Numerical examples are illustrated to analyze the hydrodynamic pressure distribution. The results show that the hydrodynamic pressure has a spatial difference along the SFT longitudinal direction when the structure operating in the water subjects different incident phase ocean wave. Wave incidence frequency not only changes the loading action mode but also affects the amplitude of the hydrodynamic pressure. Besides, due to the ocean wave loading combined, the effect of saturation on the hydrodynamic pressure load on the structure is not obvious. And the dense arrangement of tethers is recommended to the structure construction.
Participative leadership and its impact on employee innovative behavior through employee voice in tourism SMEs: The moderating role of job autonomy
Authors: Elsetouhi Ahmed M , Mohamed Elbaz Ahmed , Soliman Mohammad
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates how participative leadership and employee voice behavior stimulate innovative behavior, through the moderating role of job autonomy within the SMEs context. Responses from 547 frontline employees at Egyptian travel agents were collected. Using variance-based structural equation modeling (VB-SEM), the results revealed that participative leadership significantly influenced both employees’ voice behavior and their innovative behavior. The findings also indicated that employee voice behavior has an intervening role between participative leadership and workers’ innovative behavior in travel agents. In addition, participative leadership has higher effects on both employee voice behavior and employee innovative behavior with high levels of job autonomy. Finally, employee voice behavior exercises a stronger effect on the innovation of travel agents’ employees with greater levels of job autonomy. Besides theoretical contributions, managerial implications for tourism SMEs managers and practitioners, limitations, and further research directions were all presented.
A relational perspective comparison of workplace discrimination toward Muslims in Muslim-minority and Muslim-majority countries
Authors: Linando Jaya Addin
Published: August 2022

Research on discrimination and inequality has seen a significant increase in workplace religious discrimination toward Muslims. However, it is not well understood how macro-societal, meso-organizational and micro-individual factors contribute to workplace discrimination toward Muslims. Using a systematic literature review (SLR), this study analyses 134 articles to frame a comparative lens of discrimination toward Muslims in Muslim-minority and Muslim-majority countries. This study reveals different discrimination patterns in both country types. In Muslim-minority countries, only the macro-societal level factors are consistently linked to blatant discrimination form while the other two levels (meso-organizational and micro-individual) contribute towards a mixture of blatant and subtle discrimination incidents. Meanwhile, Muslim-majority countries' discrimination cases specifically occur towards women in subtle manners at each level. The different discrimination patterns in the two country types also leads to other notions such as the logic of in-group discrimination toward Muslim women in Muslim-majority countries and the repositioning of gender and religious identities.
Cardiovascular risk factors, exercise capacity and health literacy in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany: Baseline characteristics of the Lifestyle Intervention in Chronic Ischaemic Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes study
Authors: Dinges Sophia MT , Krotz Janosch , Gass Felix , Treitschke Julian , Fegers-Wustrow Isabel , Geisberger Marisa , Esefeld Katrin , von Korn Pia , Duvinage André , Edelmann Frank , Wolfram Oliver , Brandts Julia , Winzer Ephraim B , Wolfarth Bernd , Freigang Felix , Neubauer Sarah , Nebling Thomas , Hackenberg Björn , Amelung Volker , Mueller Stephan , Halle Martin
Published: August 2022

Background:

Lifestyle interventions are a cornerstone in the treatment of chronic ischaemic heart disease (CIHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed at identifying differences in clinical characteristics between categories of the common lifestyle intervention targets BMI, exercise capacity (peak V̇O2) and health literacy (HL).

Methods:

Cross-sectional baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the LeIKD trial ( Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03835923) are presented in total, grouped by BMI, %-predicted peak V̇O2 and HL (HLS-EU-Q16), and compared to other clinical trials with similar populations.

Results:

Among 499 patients (68.3±7.7 years; 16.2% female; HbA1c, 6.9±0.9%), baseline characteristics were similar to other trials and revealed insufficient treatment of several risk factors (LDL-C 92±34 mg/dl; BMI, 30.1±4.8 kg/m2; 69.6% with peak V̇O2<90% predicted). Patients with lower peak V̇O2 showed significantly higher ( p < 0.05) CIHD and T2DM disease severity (HbA1c, CIHD symptoms, coronary artery bypass graft). Obese patients had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and higher triglyceride levels, whereas in patients with low HL both quality of life components (physical, mental) were significantly reduced.

Conclusions:

In patients with CIHD and T2DM, peak V̇O2, BMI and HL are important indicators of disease severity, risk factor burden and quality of life, which reinforces the relevance of lifestyle interventions.
Participation in Competitive Sports Closes Gender Gaps in Competition and in Risk Taking
Authors: Willinger Marc , Dubois Dimitri , Bravaccini Sabrina
Published: August 2022

We compare the preferences of athletes who practice individual sports to those of non-athletes, by combining incentivized tasks and survey questions. Athletes were more likely to opt for the tournament payment scheme in the competitive tasks. Female athletes and male non-athletes were equally likely to select the tournament payment. We also find that female athletes were equally as risk-tolerant as non-athlete men and equally as risk-tolerant as men overall (whether athletes or non-athletes), for incentivized tasks and stated preferences. It is concluded that participation in competitive sports favors closure of the gender gaps in competitiveness and risk tolerance.
Mid-Term Patency of Spiral Saphenous Vein Graft for Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Inoue Takehiro , Fujii Kosuke , Kaneda Toshio , Kitayama Hitoshi
Published: August 2022

Reports documenting the mid-term patency of spiral saphenous vein grafts for superior vena cava syndrome in patients with advanced thoracic malignancy are, so far, scarce. The present report describes a 69-year-old man who suffered superior vena cava syndrome due to malignant invasion by advanced lung cancer. Since the huge mass in the anterior mediastinum was unresectable, a bypass from the left innominate vein to the right atrium using an autologous spiral saphenous vein graft was surgically created. Postoperatively, the patient received chemoradiotherapy and maintenance anticoagulant therapy, resulting in survival for 4 years without graft occlusion or recurrence of superior vena cava syndrome.