bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dignity of Work and at Work: The Relationship between Workplace Dignity and Health among Latino Immigrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yamanis Thespina J. , Rao Samhita , Reichert Alexandra J. , Haws Rachel , Morrissey Taryn , Suarez Angela
Published: July 2024

Latino immigrants living in the United States were highly vulnerable to the health and economic consequences brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the conceptual framing of workplace dignity, worth that is acknowledged based on performance of job responsibilities, to explore Latino immigrants’ experiences during the early months of the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted with La Clínica del Pueblo (La Clínica), a community health center serving low-income Latino immigrants. From June to December 2020, we conducted in-depth video interviews with 29 Latino immigrant clients to explore pandemic-related challenges, including workplace changes, discriminatory experiences, and effects on health. We conducted thematic analysis using Dedoose software. Nearly half of participants were undocumented immigrants. Most participants were unemployed or underemployed due to the pandemic and 26–49 years of age; one-third were still working, and one-quarter were 50 years or older. About half were cisgender women and two were transgender women. Employed participants experienced a lack of dignity through being socially isolated and stigmatized at work; receiving no compensation for their extra labor or for sick leave; and experiencing discriminatory labor practices. Unemployed participants experienced a lack of dignity in being the first to lose their jobs without government support; losing self-esteem; and not being rehired. Participants associated denial of dignity with worsening health conditions and increased anxiety and depression. Our study suggests that denial of workplace dignity—through job loss, underemployment, and poor working conditions—is linked to adverse health outcomes for Latino immigrants. More research should recognize workplace dignity as an important social determinant of health.
Adolescent Social Media Use through a Self-Determination Theory Lens: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: West Monique , Rice Simon , Vella-Brodrick Dianne
Published: July 2024

Background: Social media is an integral part of adolescents’ lives and has a strong influence on development and wellbeing. Research examining adolescent social media use and wellbeing is confusing as findings are inconsistent, inconclusive and contradictory. To address this issue, digital wellbeing scholars recommend that researchers adopt a theoretical approach with the aim of increasing meaningfulness and applicability of findings. Hence, this review applies self-determination theory to investigate how adolescent social media use supports and thwarts the basic psychological needs of relatedness, autonomy and competence. Satisfaction of all three psychological needs is essential for optimal development and wellbeing. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of five databases relating to adolescent social media use. The preferred items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (extension for scoping reviews) was applied resulting in 86 included studies. Results: Adolescent social media use both supports and thwarts relatedness, autonomy and competence. The findings highlighted how different aspects of adolescent social media use (including intra-personal, inter-personal, situational and environmental factors) contribute to the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs. Conclusions: This review illustrates how social media can be both beneficial and detrimental to satisfying the basic psychological needs of relatedness, autonomy and competence. This is important when considering that if psychological needs are satisfied or frustrated in adolescence, the repercussions can have a cascading effect throughout adulthood. This review identifies gaps in the literature and provides suggestions for future research.
The Role of Health Information Sources on Cervical Cancer Literacy, Knowledge, Attitudes and Screening Practices in Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chepkorir Joyline , Guillaume Dominique , Lee Jennifer , Duroseau Brenice , Xia Zhixin , Wyche Susan , Anderson Jean , Han Hae-Ra
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among Sub-Saharan African women. This systematic review aimed to identify information sources and their relation to cervical cancer knowledge, literacy, screening, and attitudes. Peer-reviewed literature was searched on 2 March 2022, and updated on 24 January 2023, in four databases—CINAHL Plus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included those that were empirical, published after 2002, included rural women, and reported on information sources and preferences. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data extraction was conducted on an Excel spreadsheet, and a narrative synthesis was used to summarize findings from 33 studies. Healthcare workers were the most cited information sources, followed by mass media, social networks, print media, churches, community leaders, the Internet, and teachers. Community leaders were preferred, while healthcare workers were the most credible sources among rural women. There was generally low cervical cancer knowledge, literacy, and screening uptake, yet high prevalence of negative attitudes toward cervical cancer and its screening; these outcomes were worse in rural areas. A content analysis revealed a positive association of health information sources with cervical cancer literacy, knowledge, screening, and positive screening attitudes. Disparities in cervical cancer prevention exist between rural and urban Sub-Saharan African women.
Bitter Taste Receptor 46 (hTAS2R46) Protects Monocytes/Macrophages from Oxidative Stress
Authors: Talmon Maria , Camillo Lara , Vietti Ilaria , Pollastro Federica , Fresu Luigia Grazia
Published: July 2024

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are not only responsible for taste perception in the oral cavity, but are spread throughout the body, generating a widespread chemosensory system. In humans, 25 subtypes have been identified and are differentially expressed in tissues and organs, including in the immune system. In fact, several TAS2R subtypes have been detected in neutrophils, lymphocytes, B and T cells, NK cells, and monocytes/macrophages, in which they regulate various protective functions of the innate immune system. Given its recognized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, and the generally protective role of bitter taste receptors, in this work, we studied TAS2R46’s potential in the protection of human monocyte/macrophage DNA from stress-induced damage. Through both direct and indirect assays and a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, we demonstrated that absinthin, a specific TAS2R46 agonist, counteracts the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reduces DNA damage in both cell types. Even though the release of ROS from monocytes/macrophages is fundamental for contrast pathogen agents, supraphysiological ROS production impairs their function, finally leading to cell death. Our results highlight TAS2R46 as a novel player involved in the protection of monocytes and macrophages from oxidative stress damage, while simultaneously supporting their antimicrobial activity.
A Historical Study on the Scientific Attribution of Biosafety Risk Assessment in Real Cases of Laboratory-Acquired Infections
Authors: Zuo Kunlan , Wu Zongzhen , Zhao Chihong , Liu Huan
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the history of laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) from a scientific perspective on biosafety risks. It analyzes cases from the late 19th century to the 2020s, whereas the previous research on this topic has primarily focused on social factors. By combining real case studies, this study elucidates the mechanisms of LAI occurrence and development, compares the attribution of risks and mitigation measures, and establishes the scientific patterns of LAIs’ historical evolution. The details of LAI cases are compared to the biosafety risk assessment indices of the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States, and China. These real cases of LAI occurrence risks are now incorporated into biosafety standards and assessments in the modern era. Additionally, factors that pose potential risks of LAIs, even if they have not yet manifested, are also highlighted.
Land Finance, Local Government Debt and Economic Green Transformation
Authors: Zhao Yinglan , Peng Song , Zhang Qian , Wang Yao , Gong Chi , Lu Xiaoye
Published: July 2024

As economic development continues to advance globally, countries are increasingly focused on the green transformation of their economies. This paper employs a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and entropy weighting methodology to construct and assess an indicator system for economic green transformation, taking into account environmental pollution. The analysis is based on panel data from 215 prefecture-level cities in China between 2015 and 2019. The two-way fixed effects model and moderating effect model are employed to investigate the influence of land finance on economic green transformation and to ascertain the moderating effect mechanism of local government debt. The study’s conclusions are as follows: (1) Land finance impedes the transition to a green economy. (2) Local government debt is a major factor that restricts the influence of land finance on the transition to a green economy; as local government debt levels rise, land finance’s role in impeding the transition to a green economy rises, and a positive moderating effect occurs. (3) Depending on the urban geographic location, the size of the economy and other factors, the impact of local government debt and land finance on the economic green transition varies. This empirical study demonstrates that the more local government debt there is in an eastern region or city with a bigger economic output scale, the more of an inhibitory influence land finance has on the economic transition to a green economy. In light of this, the paper suggests that the land finance policy be updated at the appropriate time, that the land market be regulated, that the government’s reliance on land finance be gradually decreased, that the nature and amount of public debt be actively optimised, that the industrial infrastructure be enhanced to facilitate the transition towards a more environmentally sustainable economy, and that other suggestions be made.
Impact of Mid-to-Low-Ash, Low-Viscosity Lubricants on Aftertreatment Systems after 210,000-Kilometer Real-World Road Endurance Trials
Authors: Shao Heng , Hu Hua , Luo Yitao , Hua Lun , Pan Jinchong , Zhu Gezhengting , Jiao Yan , Yan Jingfeng , Wei Guangyuan
Published: July 2024

Engine lubricants globally face the challenge of meeting the demands of new engine technologies while enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Lubricants must enhance their performance and sustainability, improve reliability in complex and harsh environments, and minimize environmental impact and health risks. This study explores the influence of two different formulations of low viscosity lubricants, tested through actual road endurance trials, on a hybrid vehicle’s aftertreatment system performance and overall emission levels. The study includes 120,000 km of endurance testing in four different challenging environments in China, as well as 90,000 km of endurance testing in a typical urban and highway driving cycle in a large city. Results indicate that emissions from the test vehicles during the 120,000 km and 210,000 km durable Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Cycles (WLTCs) meet China’s Stage 6 light-duty vehicle emission standards, with the 210,000 km Real Driving Emission test (RDE) results also conforming to these standards. Relative to fresh TWC, the light-off temperature increased by a mere 60 °C, and the oxygen storage capacity declined by around 19% following endurance testing. Additionally, the GPF exhibited satisfactory performance after 210,000 km of endurance testing, showing lower backpressure values compared to the fresh-coated samples, with no notable ash buildup observed in the substrate. Drawing on the outcomes of actual road endurance testing, this study illustrates that employing low-to-mid-ash-content, low-viscosity lubricants is both compatible and reliable for aftertreatment systems in present or advanced hybrid technologies. Premium lubricants facilitate vehicles in sustaining compliant and stable emission performance, even amid harsh environments and complex operating conditions. Furthermore, the tested lubricants effectively inhibit excessive aging of the aftertreatment system over prolonged mileage. Moreover, this study discusses the feasibility of rapid aging evaluation methods for aftertreatment systems based on engine test benches, juxtaposed with actual road endurance testing. These findings and conclusions offer crucial references and guidance for enhancing lubricant performance and sustainability. Subsequent studies can delve deeper into the correlation between lubricant performance and environmental impact, alongside optimization strategies for lubricants across various vehicle models and usage scenarios.
Digital Image Correlation-Based Investigation of the Shear Performance of Connection Systems of Assembled Bamboo Scrimber–Lightweight Concrete Composite Beams
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Feng , Liu Huihui
Published: July 2024

To investigate the shear performance of assembled bamboo scrimber (BS)-lightweight concrete (LC) connection systems, three groups of nine BS-LC shear connections were fabricated in this work using BS, LC, dowels, and grout. The experimental parameters included the dowel diameter and fabrication process (cast-in-place vs. assembly). Push-out tests were conducted on the specimens, and traditional linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT) measurements and the advanced digital image correlation (DIC) technique were employed to determine performance indicators such as the cross-section slip of composite members. Subsequently, the method for calculating the shear capacity of assembled BS-LC connection systems was theoretically analyzed. The research results showed that the load-slip curves measured by DIC were highly correlated with those measured by LVDT, thus, validating the reliability of the DIC data. According to the DIC data, the variations in slip of the shear connection over the interface height were further analyzed. An equation for calculating the shear capacity of dowel shear connectors was proposed based on theoretical analysis with comprehensive consideration of the experimental indicators such as the failure mode, load-slip curve, shear stiffness, and shear capacity of the specimens. The theoretical calculation values were in good agreement with the experimental results.
About the Subgradient Method for Equilibrium Problems
Authors: Moudafi Abdellatif
Published: July 2024

Convergence results of the subgradient algorithm for equilibrium problems were mainly obtained using a Lipschitz continuity assumption on the given bifunctions. In this paper, we first provide a complexity result for monotone equilibrium problems without assuming Lipschitz continuity. Moreover, we give a convergence result of the value of the averaged sequence of iterates beyond Lipschitz continuity. Next, we derive a rate convergence in terms of the distance to the solution set relying on a growth condition. Applications to convex minimization and min–max problems are also stated. These ideas and results deserve to be developed and further refined.
Study on Oleum cinnamomi Inhibiting Cutibacterium acnes and Its Covalent Inhibition Mechanism
Authors: Peng Huayong , Chu Chenliang , Jin Lu , Zhang Jianing , Yang Zilei , Zhu Longping , Yang Depo , Zhao Zhimin
Published: July 2024

Oleum cinnamomi (OCM) is a volatile component of the Cinnamomum cassia Presl in the Lauraceae family, which displays broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. It has been found that OCM has a significant inhibitory effect against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), but the precise target and molecular mechanism are still not fully understood. In this study, the antibacterial activity of OCM against C. acnes and its potential effect on cell membranes were elucidated. Metabolomics methods were used to reveal metabolic pathways, and proteomics was used to explore the targets of OCM inhibiting C. acnes. The yield of the OCM was 3.3% (w/w). A total of 19 compounds were identified, representing 96.213% of the total OCM composition, with the major constituents being phenylpropanoids (36.84%), sesquiterpenoids (26.32%), and monoterpenoids (15.79%). The main component identified was trans-cinnamaldehyde (85.308%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of OCM on C. acnes were 60 µg/mL and 180 µg/mL, respectively. The modified proteomics results indicate that cinnamaldehyde was the main bioactive ingredient within OCM, which covalently modifies the ABC transporter adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding protein and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-quinone oxidoreductase, hindering the amino acid transport process, and disrupting the balance between NADH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleoside phosphorus (NAD+), thereby hindering energy metabolism. We have reported for the first time that OCM exerts an antibacterial effect by covalent binding of cinnamaldehyde to target proteins, providing potential and interesting targets to explore new control strategies for gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.
Effects of Ultra-High-Pressure Treatment on Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Free, Esterified and Bound Phenolics from Phyllanthus emblica L. Fruits
Authors: Chen Taiming , He Shuyue , Zhang Jing , Wang Huangxin , Jia Yiqing , Liu Yaping , Xie Mingjun , Cheng Guiguang
Published: July 2024

Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits (PEFs) were processed by ultra-pressure (UHP) treatment and then extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. The influence of UHP on the phenolic composition, enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the free, esterified, and bound phenolic fractions from PEFs were compared. UHP pretreatment of PEFs significantly increased the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (p < 0.05). A total of 24 chemical compositions were characterized in normal and UHP-treated PEFs by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Compared with normal PEFs, these three different phenolic fractions had stronger antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). The ROS inhibition might be due to an up-regulation of the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. In addition, these three different phenolic fractions also significantly inhibited the activities of metabolic enzymes, including α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase. This work may provide some insights into the potential economics and applications of PEFs in food and nutraceutical industries.
Seaweed as a Safe Nutraceutical Food: How to Increase Human Welfare?
Authors: Cotas João , Tavares Joana O. , Silva Rita , Pereira Leonel
Published: July 2024

Seaweeds have been utilized for millennia in Asian countries, although they have only more recently become popular in Western society. They began to be used in ancient times because of their long-term properties and, nowadays, seaweeds are being targeted as a potential tool to combat climate change. There are not many laws governing seaweeds because they have just lately been utilized as food. However, guidelines are being developed to regulate their manufacture and use. Because of seaweed’s tendency to accumulate components, whether helpful or poisonous, limited doses of certain substances have been established to prevent consumer overdosage. Aside from chemical safety, microbiological safety is important for people, and preventing any pathogen from spreading and infecting seaweeds is critical. As a result, systems and ways to safeguard consumers must be developed. Because various seaweed species have varied compositions, certain seaweeds may be safer nutraceuticals than others. To ensure the safety of seaweed-based food items, the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system needs to be used. The majority of seaweeds consumed come from aquaculture; however, others come from wild harvesting. To ensure the success of the cultures, the waters must be tested for chemicals and biological risks, as well as for the pH, salinity, and temperature. Seaweeds have enormous promise in many industries, but in the food industry, they are beginning to play a major role, and seizing the chances to produce innovative, safe, and sustainable food sources is strongly advised. This critical review investigates the real potential of seaweed as a human food source and as a nutraceutical solution. This review also focuses on the usage of seaweed as a food product and the procedures required to prepare it. In addition, it compiles information on the applicable legislation and regulations, and it addresses the lengthy road that has to be traveled to increase human well-being by employing a new food source in a controlled manner while simultaneously reducing the human population’s health problems.
Development and Validation of the Pet-Related Stress Scale
Authors: Matijczak Angela , Tomlinson Camie A. , Applebaum Jennifer W. , Kogan Lori R. , McDonald Shelby E.
Published: July 2024

Results of studies examining relations between human–animal interactions and human health and wellbeing have been inconsistent. This may be due, in part, to the scarcity of measures developed to assess levels of stress experienced when living with a pet (i.e., pet-related stress). This study developed and validated the Pet-Related Stress Scale (PRSS), a measure of general, multispecies pet-related stress among US pet owners. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis using the R software package to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PRSS and test competing model structures. We assessed validity through bivariate analyses between the PRSS and psychological stress, general stress, social support, and coping self-efficacy. Then, we conducted multiple group analysis to evaluate measurement invariance across age, race, Latine ethnicity, sexuality, gender, and gender modality. A three-factor model of pet-related stress (economic, psychological, and social stress) was the best fit for the data. Our results support convergent and divergent validity. However, the PRSS did not demonstrate measurement invariance across demographic groups. The PRSS is a promising measure of economic, psychological, and social stress related to owning pets that needs additional testing and refinement for use with marginalized populations most impacted by social disparities.
Probiotics Alter the Microbial and Behavioral Consequences of Methamphetamine Exposure in a Sex-Selective Manner
Authors: Forouzan Shadab , Hoffman Kristi L. , Kosten Therese A.
Published: July 2024

Methamphetamine use disorder (MuD) is a global health problem, with no FDA-approved medications. Our prior work demonstrated that repeated methamphetamine exposure alters the gut microbiota in male rats and results in depressive-like behaviors. In this study, we extend our findings to females and determine whether probiotics block these effects. Male and female rats were administered methamphetamine (2 mg/kg; SC) or saline twice daily with either a combination of two probiotics (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) or placebo solution for 14 days. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and other days after treatment cessation. Tests of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors were conducted using open-field and forced-swim assays. Methamphetamine induced anxiety-like behavior in females and anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in males. Probiotics blocked the depressive-like effect in males but did not alter anxiety-like effects in either sex. Methamphetamine exposure decreased levels of alpha diversity in both sexes, but sex differences were seen in the ability of probiotics or methamphetamine to alter levels of various bacteria. These findings support the role of the gut–brain microbiome in the depressive effects of repeated methamphetamine exposure in males, suggesting that probiotics may be a viable treatment option for MuD.
The Apologetic Discourse towards the Convergence between Pure Land Buddhism and Theoretical Physics of the Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Monk, Da An (1959- )
Authors: An Saiping
Published: July 2024

This article explores the apologetic discourse towards the convergence between Pure Land Buddhism and theoretical physics of the contemporary Chinese Buddhist monk, Da An (1959- ). Faced with the formidable challenge posed by contemporary science towards public acceptance of Buddhism, Da An endeavors to employ science as a medium for propagating Pure Land teachings, seeking to accommodate the preferences of scientifically inclined individuals. He utilizes several theoretical physics concepts to validate that certain ostensibly miraculous accounts within Pure Land Buddhist texts are not incompatible with contemporary science. Further, he asserts that certain supernatural narratives therein indicate that some physical principles still residing in theoretical conjectures on Earth have already been validated and can be utilized at will by the celestial beings in Sukhāvatī, thus asserting the supremacy of Pure Land teachings over science. The article endeavors to examine the contemporary dialogue between Pure Land Buddhism and science, which has been overlooked in the current research realm of the interaction between Buddhism and science.
DATIV—Remote Enhancement of Smart Aerosol Measurement System Using Raspberry Pi-Based Distributed Sensors
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Gazi , Buchwald Tom , Schunk Christoph , Egbers Christoph , Schröder Andreas , Hampel Uwe
Published: July 2024

Enclosed public spaces are hotspots for airborne disease transmission. To measure and maintain indoor air quality in terms of airborne transmission, an open source, low cost and distributed array of particulate matter sensors was developed and named Dynamic Aerosol Transport for Indoor Ventilation, or DATIV, system. This system can use multiple particulate matter sensors (PMSs) simultaneously and can be remotely controlled using a Raspberry Pi-based operating system. The data acquisition system can be easily operated using the GUI within any common browser installed on a remote device such as a PC or smartphone with a corresponding IP address. The software architecture and validation measurements are presented together with possible future developments.
Driver Fatigue Detection Using Heart Rate Variability Features from 2-Minute Electrocardiogram Signals While Accounting for Sex Differences
Authors: Zeng Chao , Zhang Jiliang , Su Yizi , Li Shuguang , Wang Zhenyuan , Li Qingkun , Wang Wenjun
Published: July 2024

Traffic accidents due to fatigue account for a large proportion of road fatalities. Based on simulated driving experiments with drivers recruited from college students, this paper investigates the use of heart rate variability (HRV) features to detect driver fatigue while considering sex differences. Sex-independent and sex-specific differences in HRV features between alert and fatigued states derived from 2 min electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were determined. Then, decision trees were used for driver fatigue detection using the HRV features of either all subjects or those of only males or females. Nineteen, eighteen, and thirteen HRV features were significantly different (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.01) between the two mental states for all subjects, males, and females, respectively. The fatigue detection models for all subjects, males, and females achieved classification accuracies of 86.3%, 94.8%, and 92.0%, respectively. In conclusion, sex differences in HRV features between drivers’ mental states were found according to both the statistical analysis and classification results. By considering sex differences, precise HRV feature-based driver fatigue detection systems can be developed. Moreover, in contrast to conventional methods using HRV features from 5 min ECG signals, our method uses HRV features from 2 min ECG signals, thus enabling more rapid driver fatigue detection.
In Situ Growth of COF/PVA-Carrageenan Hydrogel Using the Impregnation Method for the Purpose of Highly Sensitive Ammonia Detection
Authors: Chen Xiyu , Zeng Min , Wang Tao , Ni Wangze , Yang Jianhua , Hu Nantao , Zhang Tong , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2024

Flexible ammonia (NH3) gas sensors have gained increasing attention for their potential in medical diagnostics and health monitoring, as they serve as a biomarker for kidney disease. Utilizing the pre-designable and porous properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is an innovative way to address the demand for high-performance NH3 sensing. However, COF particles frequently encounter aggregation, low conductivity, and mechanical rigidity, reducing the effectiveness of portable NH3 detection. To overcome these challenges, we propose a practical approach using polyvinyl alcohol-carrageenan (κPVA) as a template for in the situ growth of two-dimensional COF film and particles to produce a flexible hydrogel gas sensor (COF/κPVA). The synergistic effect of COF and κPVA enhances the gas sensing, water retention, and mechanical properties. The COF/κPVA hydrogel shows a 54.4% response to 1 ppm NH3 with a root mean square error of less than 5% and full recovery compared to the low response and no recovery of bare κPVA. Owing to the dual effects of the COF film and the particles anchoring the water molecules, the COF/κPVA hydrogel remained stable after 70 h in atmospheric conditions, in contrast, the bare κPVA hydrogel was completely dehydrated. Our work might pave the way for highly sensitive hydrogel gas sensors, which have intriguing applications in flexible electronic devices for gas sensing.
Identification and Compensation Method of Unbalanced Error in Driving Chain for Rate-Integrating Hemispherical Resonator Gyro
Authors: Sun Yiwei , Wei Zhennan , Yi Guoxing , Wang Ning
Published: July 2024

The accuracy of the signal within a driving chain for the rate-integrating hemispherical resonator gyro (RI-HRG) plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the gyro. In this paper, a notable and effective method is proposed to realize the identification and compensation of the unbalanced error in the driving chain for the RI-HRG that improved the performance of the multi-loop control applied in the RI-HRG. Firstly, the assembly inclination and eccentricity error of the hemispherical resonator, the inconsistent metal conductive film layer resistance error of the resonator, the coupling error of the driving chain, and the parameter inconsistency error of the circuit components were considered, and the impact of these errors on the multi-loop control applied in the RI-HRG were analyzed. On this basis, the impact was further summarized as the unbalanced error in the driving chain, which included the unbalanced gain error, equivalent misalignment angle, and unbalanced equivalent misalignment angle error. Then, a model between the unbalanced error in the driving chain and a non-ideal precession angular rate was established, which was applicable to both single channel asynchronous control and dual channel synchronous control of the RI-HRG. Further, an unbalanced error identification and compensation method is proposed by utilizing the RI-HRG output with the virtual precession control. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through simulation and experiments in kind. After error compensation, the zero-bias instability of the RI-HRG was improved from 3.0950°/h to 0.0511°/h. The results of experiments in kind demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively suppress the non-ideal angular rate output caused by the unbalanced error in the driving chain for the RI-HRG, thereby further improving the overall performance of the RI-HRG.
ICDW-YOLO: An Efficient Timber Construction Crack Detection Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Jieyang , Ning Jing , Xiang Zhiyang , Yin Pengfei
Published: July 2024

A robust wood material crack detection algorithm, sensitive to small targets, is indispensable for production and building protection. However, the precise identification and localization of cracks in wooden materials present challenges owing to significant scale variations among cracks and the irregular quality of existing data. In response, we propose a crack detection algorithm tailored to wooden materials, leveraging advancements in the YOLOv8 model, named ICDW-YOLO (improved crack detection for wooden material-YOLO). The ICDW-YOLO model introduces novel designs for the neck network and layer structure, along with an anchor algorithm, which features a dual-layer attention mechanism and dynamic gradient gain characteristics to optimize and enhance the original model. Initially, a new layer structure was crafted using GSConv and GS bottleneck, improving the model’s recognition accuracy by maximizing the preservation of hidden channel connections. Subsequently, enhancements to the network are achieved through the gather–distribute mechanism, aimed at augmenting the fusion capability of multi-scale features and introducing a higher-resolution input layer to enhance small target recognition. Empirical results obtained from a customized wooden material crack detection dataset demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ICDW-YOLO algorithm in effectively detecting targets. Without significant augmentation in model complexity, the mAP50–95 metric attains 79.018%, marking a 1.869% improvement over YOLOv8. Further validation of our algorithm’s effectiveness is conducted through experiments on fire and smoke detection datasets, aerial remote sensing image datasets, and the coco128 dataset. The results showcase that ICDW-YOLO achieves a mAP50 of 69.226% and a mAP50–95 of 44.210%, indicating robust generalization and competitiveness vis-à-vis state-of-the-art detectors.
Advances in Instrumentation and Implant Technology for Spine Oncology: A Focus on Carbon Fiber Technologies
Authors: Amadi Iheanyi , Kabangu Jean-Luc K. , Bhargav Adip G. , Ohiorhenuan Ifije E.
Published: July 2024

The challenges inherent in spinal oncology are multi-dimensional, stemming from the complex anatomy of the spine, the high risk of neurological complications, and the indispensability of personalized treatment plans. These challenges are further compounded by the variability in tumor types and locations, which complicates the achievement of optimal treatment outcomes. To address these complexities, the manuscript highlights the pivotal role of technological advancements in surgical practices. The review focuses on the evolution of spinal oncology instrumentation, with a special emphasis on the adoption of carbon fiber implants in the management of spinal tumors. The advancements in instrumentation and implant technology are underscored as vital contributors to the improvement in patient outcomes in spine surgery. Carbon fiber implants are lauded for their reduced imaging artifacts, biocompatibility, and favorable mechanical properties. When combined with other technological innovations, these implants have substantially elevated the efficacy of surgical interventions. The review articulates how these advancements emphasize precision, customization, and the integration of innovative materials, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of surgical procedures. This collective progress marks a considerable advancement in the treatment of spinal tumors, highlighting a shift towards more effective, patient-focused outcomes in spinal oncology.
The Reliability and Availability Analysis of a Single-Unit System under the Influence of Random Shocks and the Variation in Demand from Production with Erlang Distribution
Authors: Hussien Zienab M. , El-Sherbeny Mohamed S.
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates the reliability measures for a system consisting of a single unit that is subject to random shocks at random times with mismatches between demand and production. The system may sometimes be subject to random shocks leading to a system failure with probability p. The system may also fail completely for various reasons other than shocks. The unit is serviced by a technician if it is affected by a shock. However, the system may fail during operation for various other reasons, such as a programming error, human error, operational continuity and stress, and weather conditions. A single technician immediately repairs or maintains the failed unit. The system is in an operational state when there is demand or in an idle state when there is no demand. The distributions of all times in this system follow a negative exponential, while the time to repair follows a two-stage Erlang distribution. The expressions for the reliability metrics are obtained as functions of time using the Laplace transform and the supplementary variables technique. Sensitivity and relative sensitivity analyses were also performed for the system parameters. Finally, the efficiency of the system is illustrated using numerical examples.
PRMIA Hungary Chapter and the 2023 Research Conference
Authors: Dömötör Barbara , Megyeri Krisztina
Published: July 2024

Financial risks are a constant challenge for business organizations, and failure to manage them properly often has unforeseen consequences, as many crises have shown. In recent years, the regulation of risk management in financial institutions has increasingly focused on optimizing specific metrics, while a holistic approach, a classic risk management attitude, is necessary to understand and address the challenges of the operation on time. This paper describes the main activities of the Hungarian Chapter of the Professional Risk Managers’ International Association (PRMIA), through the events of the past years. The focus is on the annual research conference of PRMIA Hungary, a selection of articles from which are included in this issue. In recent years, the spectrum of programs offered by the organization has developed and become more colorful, thanks to the voluntary work of the steering committee and the support of corporate partners and sponsors. Our aim is to connect and develop the risk management community, and we welcome all contributions.
Perceived ethical risks in public procurement in Hungary (2009–2021)
Authors: Tátrai Tünde , Juhász Péter
Published: July 2024

The conduct of participants in the public procurement market, their flexibility in terms of compliance with the rules and unlawful conduct cannot be studied only and exclusively within the framework of corruption research. This paper aims to present how market participants’ perceptions of unethical conduct have changed over 13 years. Our findings demonstrate that the market of public procurements should not be held uniformly responsible for cases of corruption in spending public money. The paper summarises the results of five surveys carried out between 2009 and 2021. Participants of the public procurement market reported that misconduct was a major issue in public procurement in Hungary over the entire reference period. Grievances were the most pronounced on the part of tenderers. In the assessment of market participants, the regulation performs moderately in curbing practices restricting competition. At the same time, they rated their own and other participants’ ethics medium at best in the whole reference period. Only contracting authorities reported some general improvement, in a single year (2021). There is a general market consensus that procurements of construction projects, services and high-value procurements are the most prone to corruption. In this respect, market participants perceived an improvement in 2021, at least in comparison to 2018. Respondents identified the highest risk of corruption in the planning, evaluation and performance stages. Based on our panel data regressions, the general level of ethics as perceived by market participants was stagnant, while corruption exposure followed an inverted U curve, peaking in 2018 and dropping between 2011 and 2009 levels in 2021. The reasons behind that slight improvement are clear. Digitalisation has made communication more traceable, and the controllability of the procedure has inspired optimism in market participants. In other words, transparency and accountability have a strong influence on the perceived level of ethics in public procurement.
Észlelt etikai kockázatok a magyar közbeszerzésben (2009–2021)
Authors: Tátrai Tünde , Juhász Péter
Published: July 2024

A közbeszerzési piaci szereplők magatartása, a szabályok követése során tanúsított rugalmassága és jogszerűtlen viselkedése olyan kutatási kérdés, amelynek a vizsgálatát nem lehet csak és kizárólag korrupciókutatási keretrendszerben folytatni. Cikkünk célja, hogy bemutassuk, hogyan változott a piaci szereplők etikátlan magatartással kapcsolatos érzékelése 13 esztendő alatt. Az összefüggések, amelyeket feltárunk, segítenek abban, hogy a közbeszerzési piacot ne egységesen hibáztassuk a közpénzköltés során tapasztalható korrupciós ügyekért. Tanulmányunk öt 2009 és 2021 között készült kérdőíves kutatás eredményeit összegzi. A közbeszerzési piac szereplői szerint a teljes vizsgált időszakban a visszaélések komoly problémát okoztak a hazai közbeszerzésben. Az ilyen visszaélésekre az ajánlattevők az átlagnál is jobban panaszkodtak. A piaci szereplők szerint a szabályozás közepesen teljesít a versenykorlátozó viselkedési minták megfékezésében, miközben a piaci szereplők egymás és a maguk etikai szintjét sem ítélték közepesnél jobbra, ráadásul ez a szint mindvégig stagnált. Kizárólag az ajánlatkérők éreztek némi általános fejlődést, de ők is csak 2021-ben. Korrupció szempontjából a legveszélyeztetettebb területek általános piaci egyetértés alapján az építési beruházások és szolgáltatásbeszerzések, valamint a nagy értékű beszerzések voltak. 2021-ben legalább 2018-hoz képes javulást érzékeltek a szereplők. Korrupciós szempontból leginkább az eljárás előkészítését, a bírálati szakaszt és a teljesítést érezték kockázatosnak a válaszadók. Panelregresszióink arra utalnak, hogy a piaci szereplők észlelt általános etika szintje a vizsgált időszak során stagnál, miközben a korrupció szintje fordított U alakú görbét mutatva, 2018-ban tetőzött, 2021-ben pedig a 2011-es és a 2009-es szint közé esett. A kis mértékű javulás üzenete egyértelmű: a digitalizáció nyomán a kommunikáció követhetősége, az egyes piaci szereplők számára ellenőrizhető folyamat pozitív üzenetet hordoz, azaz az etikalitás érzetét a transzparencia és a számonkérhetőség nagy mértékben befolyásolja.
Perfil de atividade e participação social de sobreviventes de AVC após a alta hospitalar
Authors: Reis dos Santos Marilucia , Guerreiro Caroline , Gomes Neto Mansueto
Published: July 2024

Introdução. As limitações na execução das atividades e dos papéis sociais se constituem as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos sobreviventes de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) após a alta hospitalar. Objetivo. Descrever o perfil de atividade e de participação social de sobreviventes de AVC após a alta hospitalar. Método. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, com indivíduos na fase subaguda após o AVC, que estiveram internados em um hospital de referência em neurologia na rede pública estadual, localizado em Salvador-BA. Os dados primários avaliados no internamento foram à gravidade do AVC, o controle postural e a incapacidade funcional. Os dados secundários foram extraídos dos prontuários e os desfechos, atividade e participação social foram investigados seis meses após a alta. Resultados. A amostra foi composta por 50 voluntários, com média de idade de 58±12 anos, sendo 27 (54%) do gênero feminino; a média da escala NIHSS foi de 5±4, o tempo médio de internamento de 20±13 dias, 42 (84%) com AVC isquêmico e 11 (22%) trombolisados. Cerca de 21 (45%) apresentaram hemiparesia à esquerda e 8 (16%) com heminegligência. A média da escala PASS foi de 23±10 e 18 (60%) dos indivíduos apresentaram uma pontuação média entre 3-5 na escala ERM. A pontuação média mais baixa na escala LIFE-H foi atribuída ao domínio participação social (2,93±0,6), em comparação com a atividade (3,58±0,3). Conclusão. Os sobreviventes de AVC apresentaram declínio acentuado na atividade e na participação social após a alta hospitalar, sendo o comprometimento maior nos papéis sociais.
Survey of the satisfaction of medical students on innovative clinical assessment methods at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Authors: Nguyen Truong An , Le Quang Man , Vinh Khanh , Ngo Van Dong , Vo Ngoc Ha My , Le Thi Phuong Thuan , Ha Minh Phuong , Nguyen Minh Tu , Phan Van Thang , Vo Phuc Anh , Tran Dang Xuan Ha , Nguyen Thi Nhat Hoa
Published: July 2024

Background: Since the academic year 2018-2019, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy has implemented a renewed competency-based medical program, with comprehensive changes in clinical assessment methods such as Mini-CEX, EPAs, OSCE… The evaluating students’ satisfaction with these methods onwards is a critical issue in enhancing the quality of medical education. This study focuses on describing and analyzing the factors influencing the satisfaction of 4th to 6th-year medical students with the new clinical assessment methods, aiming to provide a foundation for adjusting and improving these methods to better meet the needs and preferences of the students.

Objectives: Surveying the satisfaction of medical students and factors related to their satisfaction with innovative clinical assessment methods at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy.

Materials and Method: The study involved 464 medical students in years 4-6 enrolled in the competency-based integrated renewal program. A web-based survey method was utilized to assess the level of satisfaction of medical students with the training program. Linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate the correlation between various components of the training quality and student satisfaction.

Results: The overall satisfaction level of students with the training program was as follows: Satisfied: 91.6%; Dissatisfied: 8.4%. The study revealed that three factors significantly contributed to student satisfaction with the innovative clinical assessment methods: Appropriateness, Organizational arrangement, and Quality of assessment.

Conclusion: The majority of students (91.6%) were satisfied with the appropriateness of the innovative clinical assessment methods. The influence of factors on student satisfaction with the innovative clinical assessment methods were ranked as follows: Appropriateness, Organizational arrangement, and Quality of assessment.

Key words: satisfaction, medical students, innovative clinical assessment methods.