bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menopause and the Menstrual Equity Agenda
Authors: Weiss-Wolf Jennifer
Published: November 2021

I was in fifth grade, the year 1978, and the weathered purple- and orange-covered paperback copy of Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret. was finally mine to check out of the school library for an entire week. I read it cover to cover that first night, and surely a dozen times over in the years that followed. I have since reflected upon the extraordinary gifts Judy Blume bestowed in Margaret: enabling children to be seen, respected, and met right when and where it mattered. She validated the most mundane, yet oddly prolific, questions about periods that were clearly on the minds of many.

Four decades later, it is fair to say that the most meaningful moments of my legal career have been spent considering the very same topic—menstruation—in a quest to ensure its political centrality to issues of social justice, democratic participation, and gender equality. For my own part, commitment to menstrual equity has entailed examining our current laws and systems to see where discrimination and bias exist and persist—from public benefits to tax codes to education—and then forging the arguments to reverse that. And then, importantly, reimagining, crafting, and advancing new and more equitable policies in their place.
“It's the Only System We've Got”
Authors: Copeland Victoria A.
Published: November 2021

Front-line public “Child Welfare” caseworkers, also known as emergency response or investigative caseworkers, play a significant role in the “Child Welfare” system. Placed in an intermediary role within the system, investigative caseworkers are tasked with making critical decisions while attempting to advocate for families and uphold the system’s policies. To understand the caseworker decision-making processes more in-depth, a qualitative study was conducted with eighteen investigative caseworkers in four different counties. The guiding research question of the current study was: “What impacts the decisionmaking processes in which child protective service workers investigate and substantiate referred cases of child maltreatment?” Findings revealed several nuances and extensive complexities in how workers navigated often contradictory roles within the system. Important emerging themes include caseworkers’ use of surveillance during investigation and multi-institution partnership indecision-making processes. This Comment discusses the ways in which caseworkers react to and navigate ambiguity and parental resistance during investigations, lending an often-overlooked exploration into various nuances within the decision-making apparatus. Understanding nuances in the complex web of decision-making and information-gathering may lead to novel ways of thinking about how the “Child Welfare” system addresses child protection.
Twentieth Century Black and Native Activism Against the Child Taking System
Authors: Briggs Laura
Published: November 2021

This Article argues that the historical record supports activism that takes the abolition of the child welfare system as its starting point, rather than its reform. It explores the birth of the modern child welfare system in the 1950s as part of the white supremacist effort to punish Black communities that sought desegregation of schools and other public accommodations; and Native communities that fought tribal termination and the taking of indigenous land. Beginning with the “segregation package” of laws passed by the Louisiana state legislature in 1960, the Article shows how cutting so-called “illegitimate” children off the welfare program, called Aid to Dependent Children, (ADC) and placing those whom their mothers could no longer support in foster care was an explicit response to school desegregation. While the National Urban League initially mounted a formidable national and international mutual aid effort, “Operation Feed the Babies,” its ultimate response—appealing to the federal government to reform the welfare and child welfare systems— backfired in disastrous ways. The Eisenhower administration responded by providing federal funds for a program it called ADC-foster care, giving states resources to dramatically expand the foster care system, resulting in hundreds of thousands of Black children in foster homes within a year. Native Tribal nations, in contrast, fought throughout the late 1960s and 70s to get states out of Indian child welfare. After a decade of activism, in 1978, they succeeded in passing the Indian Child Welfare Act, which put American Indian kids under the jurisdiction of tribal courts instead of the states’. Over the next decades, the number of Native children in foster care shrank dramatically. While history rarely offers clear guidance for the present, these two stories strongly suggest the limits of reform for state child welfare systems, and the wisdom of contemporary activists who call for abolition.
Using Peacemaking Circles to Indigenize Tribal Child Welfare
Authors: Van Schilfgaarde Lauren , Shelton Brett Lee
Published: November 2021

Historical child welfare policies explicitly aimed to exterminate Indigenous culture and disrupt tribal cohesion. The remnants of these policies form the foundation for the contemporary child welfare system. These policies view the child as an isolated and interchangeable asset, over which parents enjoy property-like rights, and in which the child welfare system is incentivized to “save” children from perceived economic, cultural, and geographic ills through an adversarial process. Extended family, community members, and cultural connections have minimal voice or value. These underpinnings inform federal policies that influence all child welfare systems, including tribal child welfare systems. The result is that tribal child welfare systems perpetuate the individual, rights-centric, adversarial child welfare system that harms Indigenous families.

Indigenous children have the right to maintain connections to their Indigenous family, tribal nation, culture, and cultural education. These rights translate into obligations the community owes to the child to ensure that these connections are robust. Tradition-based systems of dispute resolution—frequently called “peacemaking,” among other names, but which we will call “circle processes”—offer a hopeful alternative.

Circle processes are rooted in an Indigenous worldview that perceives an issue, particularly a child welfare issue, as evidence of community imbalance that directly impacts the community, and conversely, imparts an obligation on the community to respond. Through the circle, family and community can complete their natural reciprocal relationship.

Tribal child welfare has the potential to be a transformative system that promotes community, family, and children’s health and the self-determination and sovereignty of tribes. This Article outlines the ways in which the modern tribal child welfare system has been structured to compartmentalize families and perpetuate historical federal policies of Indian family separation. This Article then suggests that circle processes are a framework for re-Indigenizing the tribal child welfare system to not just improve outcomes (for which it has the potential to do), but to also honor the interconnected, responsibility oriented worldview of Indigenous communities. Ultimately, however, tribes should lead that re-Indigenization process, whether through a circle process framework or otherwise.
A Loose Affiliation of Alleluias
Authors: Oram Celeste , GoGwilt Keir
Published: November 2021

This article is written from our perspectives as a performer and a composer, focusing on our violin concerto, “a loose affiliation of alleluias”, which we created and premiered in 2019. Making this concerto was an exercise in excavating the material histories that guide our creative practice. Our purpose in doing so was to work towards a clear and necessarily complex appraisal of how our current practices are motivated by, and reproduce, historically-determined knowledge, authority, and cultural attitudes. We think through our own reproductions of historical knowledge via Ben Spatz’s exegesis of “technique”, and via Edward Said’s notion of “affiliations” as the networks which build up cultural associations and cultural authority. With this theoretical frame, we contextualize some of the musical techniques and tropes engaged in our concerto—for instance polyphony, ornamentation, and the concerto soloist as heroic subject. 

We contextualize our reflections next to critical positions staked circumscribed by what Ben Piekut calls “elite avantgardism”—an analytical category which we see ourselves as operating within. We discuss, for instance, the critical gestures of musical modernism which (per Adorno’s analysis) conspicuously arrest and negate historical musical grammars and logics – and yet continue to reproduce its structuring values. In our concluding statements we gesture towards some of the pedagogical implications of this work, considering how creative practice can be leveraged to re-appraise the histories shaping our practices of composition, improvisation, and performance.
How the Poor Data Privacy Regime Contributes to Misinformation Spread and Democratic Erosion
Authors: Unger Wayne
Published: November 2021

Disinformation campaigns reduce trust in democracy, harm democratic institutions, and endanger public health and safety. While disinformation and misinformation are not new, their rapid and widespread dissemination has only recently been made possible by technological developments that enable never-before-seen levels of mass communication and persuasion.Today, a mix of social media, algorithms, personal profiling, and psychology enable a new dimension of political messaging—a dimension that disinformers exploit for their political gain. These enablers share a root cause—the poor data privacy and security regime in the U.S.At its core, democracy requires independent thought, personal autonomy, and trust in democratic institutions. A public that thinks critically and acts independently can check the government’s power and authority. However, when the public is misinformed, it lacks the autonomy to freely elect and check its representatives and the fundamental basis for democracy erodes. This Article addresses a root cause of misinformation dissemination —the absence of strong data privacy protections in the U.S.—and its effects on democracy. This Article explains, from a technological perspective, how personal information is used for personal profiling, and how personal profiling contributes to the mass interpersonal persuasion that disinformation campaigns exploit to advance their political goals.
Is Affordability and Accessibility All It Takes?
Authors: Gregory Caroline , Ogundeji Michael , Srivastava Aarti , Vanier Bianca , Dave Sailly , Rampersad Adam
Published: November 2021

The Affordable Medicine Facility – malaria (AMFm) was a pilot project established to subsidize quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapies (QAACTs) in eight malaria-endemic African regions: Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Madagascar, Tanzania (mainland) and Zanzibar. The objectives of the program were to increase the affordability and availability of artemisimin-based combination therapies (ACT), as well as the market share relative to other less effective antimalarial medicines. Overall, the AMFm program had a greater impact in the private-for-profit sector than the public sector. In general, public services do not work as well as their private counterparts in most countries. Inadequate services in remote areas necessitate prohibitively long journeys to access resources and care. In general, the private sector was able to provide supplies of ACTs, as long as it was profitable. Seven countries showed significant increases in availability in the private sector, six regions had significant decreases in QAACT cost, with declines ranging from $1.28 to $4.82, and all eight regions had increases in market share. Impact in remote regions was substantial, with 60% (Ghana) and 48.5% (Kenya) of facilities in remote areas stocking QAACTs. Negotiations with manufacturers, the involvement of the private sector, and supporting interventions were critical in the success of AMFm. The AMFm pilot project then transitioned into a private sector co-payment mechanism involving only six countries. The AMFm program was not sustainable due to the enormous costs of the program, potentially due to unnecessary and excessive orders of ACTs, with an estimated total of 500 million USD. Fixing this sustainability issue would make a program such as this one more applicable to other malaria-endemic countries, which have limited financial resources.
How the #MeToo Movement Can Help End the HIV Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mathur Ishani
Published: November 2021

Submitted by the author
Lexical Units with Functionalverbs for German Language Development in a Historical Context
Authors: Shavgulidze Salome
Published: November 2021

The existance of functionalverbs is confirmed by scientists at different stages of German language development. An event whose origins are recorded in the early stages of language development is not uniwue to the German language. The fact, that the number of words in the German languagr has been increasing over the centuries confirms the tendency of its development from a synchronic to an analytic structure. In the process of diachronic language development, there are certain periods when the tendency of nominalization and use of words is more pronounced than in other sections. The development of functionalverbs into a systemic phenomenon is thought to have taken place in the XVIIIth century. They are recorded in the scientific literature and the language of governance, as well in the fiction.There was a development of the German language’s internal potential and analytical structure in the face of changed living conditions.Many factors contribute to the widespread use of functional expressions in Modern German. They are found is almost all functional styles: mostly in pfficial, scientific and press languages, as well as in fiction.
Parallels between foreign and Georgian works at shool
Authors: Choladze Nino
Published: November 2021

The most important skill that adults acwuire while attending school is that ability to read.That is why one of the priorities of education should be to promote literacy at the beginning stage.Still in the process of forming human capabilities, the adolescent should be able to gain deep access to reading, comprehension, writing of mood and orally.Constant changes in society, wgich pose a new challenge to people, have necessitated the acwuisition of new knowledge, so the methods and technologies that will be tailored to this demand are constantly changing. For the lesson, we have selected American writer Richard Bach’s “Seagull named Jonathan Livingstine” and Goderdzi Chokheli’s “Castsavala”. Conducting this lesson is not only about promoting literacy, but also about making a great contribution to the upbringing of the next generation and the formation of the moral side throug fiction.We used 9 activities in the lesson and enjoied the positive results mentioned in the article.
Исследование специфики продвижения педагогических университетов
Authors: Вагенляйтнер Наталья Викторовна , Вакула Ангелина Петровна
Published: November 2021

При переходе России к рыночным отношениям вузы стали участниками рынка услуг, предполагающего деятельность университетов как его субъектов. Прямая зависимость образовательных программ по подготовке педагогических кадров от низкого престижа профессии педагога в обществе обусловливает необходимость особого подхода к продвижению педагогических университетов. Исследований, посвященных анализу специфики продвижения педагогических университетов, практически нет. Предпринятое авторами исследование призвано подтвердить гипотезу: специфика продвижения педагогических вузов определяется особенностями содержательной составляющей их коммуникационной деятельности, направленной на формирование и укрепление положительного имиджа педагогической профессии как гаранта повышения спроса на образовательные услуги педагогических вузов, и этот процесс невозможен без ресурсной поддержки на уровне государственной политики. Результаты показали, что особенностей технологий и инструментов в этой сфере нет, они касаются преимущественного выбора той или иной технологии, а также профильного контента имиджевого характера. Коммуникационная деятельность педагогических вузов носит схожий характер: они информируют общественность о внутренних событиях, достижениях сотрудников и студентов. Полученные данные подтверждают выдвинутую гипотезу. Результаты исследования вносят вклад в развитие теории продвижения профильных образовательных услуг, а также могут быть использованы в PR-деятельности педагогических университетов.
Негативный имидж Росгвардии в контексте информационной войны: лингвистический аспект
Authors: Померлян Александр Николаевич , Чистюхина Евгения Александровна
Published: November 2021

В современной геополитической обстановке с характерным для нее ростом глобальной нестабильности угроза национальной безопасности Российской Федерации остается весьма значительной. Цель работы состоит в определении особенностей формирования отрицательного имиджа Росгвардии на материале русскоязычных текстов средств массовой коммуникации, придерживающихся антироссийской позиции. В результате проведенного исследования были выявлены направления формирования медийного имиджа Росгвардии, определены языковые средства создания имиджа государственной структуры и достижения манипулятивного воздействия на аудиторию. Авторы приходят к выводу, что антироссийски настроенные средства массовой коммуникации целенаправленно создают искаженный имидж Росгвардии с целью введения населения страны в заблуждение, формирования отрицательного отношения не только к самой структуре, но и государственному режиму и в конечном счете ослабления внутреннего и внешнего могущества Российской Федерации.
Femoral bone growth after extendible endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal tibia in skeletally immature patients
Authors: Idowu Oluwaseyi Kayode , Babalola Oladimeji Ranti , Abudu Adesegun Tibramiyu
Published: November 2021

There is increasing preference for limb salvage techniques in the management of pediatric musculo- skeletal tumors. This study was aimed at evaluating femoral growth following proximal tibia resection (PTR) and placement of an extendible endoprosthesis with sliding stem. This was a retrospective study. The demographic and clinical data were collected. All the patients with malignant tumors were fully staged and commenced on appropriate chemotherapy. An expected discrepancy of > 3cm was considered sub- stantial enough to warrant extendible prosthesis. Twelve patients who had follow up full length scanogram of the lower limbs were included for the evaluation of femoral growth. The last available scanograms were used for growth comparison of the femur. The age at resection for all twelve patients ranged from 4-13 years. The commonest histological diagnosis was Osteosarcoma. In the twelve patients assessed for the growth of femur, the mean femoral length was 96% [89%-102%] of the unaffected femur. Distal femoral physeal growth continued after im- plantation of a sliding extendible prosthesis after resection of proximal tibia tumors.
Comparison of functional outcome of simultaneous and staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty : systematic review of literature
Authors: Qadir Irfan , Khan Latif , Mazari Jahanzeb , Ahmed Umair , Zaman Atiq uz , Aziz Amer
Published: November 2021

Safety of simultaneous bilateral TKA (simBTKA) and staged BTKA (staBTKA) have been compared in previous systematic reviews but functional outcome remains neglected aspect of the debate. We performed a systematic review of contemporary literature to compare the functional outcome of simBTKA and staBTKA.

We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Database to identify all articles published between 2000 and July 2020 that evaluated the outcome of patients undergoing BTKA either in simultaneous or staged manner.

Ten articles were identified which met the inclusion criteria. Functional outcome was reported in terms of Knee Society score (KSS), range of motion (ROM), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Western Ontario and McMaster University score (WOMAC) in seven, five, four and two studies respectively. KSS gained on average 66.6 points (47.5-95.3) for simBTKA and 65.1 points (44.4-97.2) for staBTKA without significant difference between two groups. There was no difference in post-operative ROM (maximum post-operative flexion being 124.4 and 125.1 for simBTKA and staBTKA groups respectively). Mean improvement in OKS ranged from 20 to 32.6 for simBTKA and 21.6 to 33.1 for staBTKA.

There was moderate evidence to suggest that both simultaneous BTKA and staged BTKA produce equivalent improvement in functional scores.
Reduction of radiation exposure in scoliosis monitoring using flat detector and pulsed fluoroscopy technology
Authors: Walter Christian , Schaefer Juergen F , Tsiflikas Ilias
Published: November 2021

A new flat detector and pulsed fluoroscopy technology is available to further reduce radiation exposure in radiological monitoring during scoliosis treatment in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to compare different settings of the system (opening area(OA) and image quality settings (IQS)) in order to find the optimal parameters with high image quality and the lowest possible radiation exposure. Therefore, we examined four cadaver spines (T1 to sacrum) with the flat detector technique using digital pulsed fluoroscopy and simulated the abdominal soft tissues. The images were merged and evaluated by three different investigators using an established scoring system. For comparison, we used digital radiography images of the cadaver spines. The values for the DAP increased from the small OA (33% ; 0.56 µGy·m²) to the maximum OA (100% ; 0.82 µGy·m²) by 45% (p = .003) and from the low image quality setting (0.57 µGy·m²) to the high setting (0.84 µGy·m²) by 48% (p = .028). Despite the low DAP, the setting 33% OA achieved the best point values for image quality, therefore this setting is clearly preferred. Using a digital fluoroscopy system allows a significant reduction of radiation exposure by a factor of 7.5 (3.88µGy·m² to 0.5µGy·m²) compared to slot- scanning x-ray (EOS). Due to this success, the flat detector and pulsed fluoroscopy technology can be an alternative to established methods such as X-ray and EOS in clinical use.
Phytochemical Evaluation of Mentha Species including Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Raja R. Ramasubramania , Y. Haribabu , Sajeeth C. I.
Published: November 2021

Mentha arvensis is a belonging to the family of Lamiaceae; Wild mint is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, being valued especially for its antiseptic properties and its beneficial effect on the digestion. The phytochemical screening of hydro alcoholic extracts presenting the flavonoids, resins, triterpenoids, tannins and phenolic groups. The percentage of antioxidant potential is 91.28, by DPPH method. The estimation value of total phenol content is 936±71, and total flavonoid conent is 479±66. The crude drug evaluated by the various physical methods, and all the results are within the limit of world health organisation prescribed. The antioxidant potential is evaluation by DPPH method. The phyto chemical screening based upon the colour reaction and estimated the chief phyto constituents like phenolic content and flavonoid. This work identification and characterisation of the purity and quality of the monograph of the Mentha arvensis. This work is more useful to further researchers.
Activated Carbons derived by Phosphoric acid Activation of Agricultural waste and their Adsorption of Methylene Blue
Authors: Ouakkaf Amira , Chelgham Fatiha , Cherbi Rekia , Chelgham Mounira , Houhoune Mustapha , Abdallah Zoubir Ben
Published: November 2021

Agricultural wastes can be considered as suitable raw materials for activated carbon production, as activated carbon is considered as an economical adsorption material. Seeds from biomass of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam, grown in Algerian have been valorized for activated carbon production by the phosphoric acid, activation method with pyrolysis temperatures of 400, 500 and 600 °C. The effect of changes in pyrolysis temperatures on the yield and quality of the prepared activated carbon was studied. The obtained activated carbons were characterized by FT-IR and MB adsorption, a good yield of 38,625 %, a high BET surface area of 915,58 m2/g. The removal rate of methylene blue was strongly influenced by contact time, adsorbent mass and pH. An excellent removal % of methylene blue (MB) was obtained at the preferred temperature of 500 °C (AC 500).
Solvent effect and Activation Parameters: A Kinetic Reaction of Ethyl Caprylate in Water-Acetone Media
Authors: Singh A.K.
Published: November 2021

The kinetic result of hydrolysis of Ethyl Caprlyate has been investigated at different composition of aqueous-organic solvent with Acetone (30-70% v/v) over the temperature range of 20 to 400c. The calculated result follows second order kinetics and is observed that the rate decreases with increasing proportion of Acetone. This behavior is attributed electrostatic nature that various solvent-solute interaction in reaction media. Linear plots of Logk against water concentration shows that equilibrium shifted from dense form to bulky form. Iso-kinetic temperature has been determined with the help of slopes of (ΔH*) versus (ΔS*). Thermodynamic parameter has been calculated with the help of Wynne-Jones and Eyring equation.
Cuộc chiến tranh Schleswig-Holstein năm 1864 trong quá trình thống nhất nước Đức giữa thế kỷ XIX
Authors: Nguyễn Mậu Hùng
Published: November 2021

Trong quá trình tìm kiếm một phương thức tổ chức cộng đồng phù hợp trên con đường tiến lên hiện đại, mỗi dân tộc có một có một lựa chọn riêng. Đối với nước Đức giữa thế kỷ XIX, vấn đề không phải là cách mạng từ trên xuống hoặc dưới lên cũng không phải đánh đổ ách thống trị của ngoại bang hay đàn áp các cuộc nổi dậy của các phong trào các mạng. Vấn đề nước Đức thế kỷ XIX là thống nhất các thể chế chính trị cùng chung ngôn ngữ, nhân chủng, và địa vực cư trú, nhưng độc lập về chính trị thành một thể thống nhất để giải quyết tất cả các vấn đề riêng lẻ kể trên. Trong thực tế, đó là vấn đề quyền lực và cạnh tranh quyền lực giữa các phe nhóm chính trị để xác định quyền lãnh đạo của mình thông qua một vấn đề chung. Quá trình đó đã được giải quyết bằng nhiều phương thức khác nhau từ bạo lực cách mạng của quần chúng những năm 1848-1849 và con đường hoà bình của giai cấp tư sản cho đến các liên minh chính trị nội bộ và các cuộc chiến tranh quân sự. Cuộc Chiến tranh Schleswig-Holstein lần thứ hai năm 1864 là một phần của quá trình lâu dài đó.
Chiến lược phát triển bền vững làng nghề truyền thống sản xuất bột gạo Sa Đéc, tỉnh Đồng Tháp
Authors: Nguyễn Minh Triết
Published: November 2021

Bài viết đề xuất chiến lược phát triển bền vững làng nghề truyền thống sản xuất bột gạo Sa Đéc, tỉnh Đồng Tháp. Trên cơ sở phân tích các yếu tố nội tại và môi trường bên ngoài, bài viết xác định điểm mạnh, điểm yếu, cơ hội và thách thức tác động đến sự phát triển của làng nghề. Kỹ thuật phân tích SWOT được vận dụng để đề xuất chiến lược phát triển phù hợp. Kết quả nghiên cứu xác định 5 nhóm chiến lược cần tập trung thực hiện là phát triển thương hiệu, phát triển thị trường, đa dạng hóa sản phẩm, đổi mới công nghệ và liên kết sản xuất.
The 4th Wave Evolution of Digital Citizenship Concept? Proposing Digital Citizenship Concept for Malaysia Context
Authors: Ahmad Nur Atikah , Hassan Aminuddin , Syed Abdullah Sharifah Intan Sharina , Salim Siti Suria
Published: November 2021

Online world demands new sets of characteristics to warrant the ability to cope with its constantly evolving challenges and risks. Digital citizenship, a concept introduced, focusing on new ways of learning and exploring in an online environment safely, securely, and appropriately. The evolution of digital citizenship could be seen along with the changes in technology used in education, and requires students to engage with technology longer hours than before. Thus, how can we approach the challenge of using technology actively and immersively, while maintaining sanity and wellness, and building resilience to potential online risk? Thus, this conceptual paper proposes a new concept of digital citizenship by bridging the notions of wellness and resilience from the psychology discipline into digital citizenship, for its feasibility in the Malaysian educational context. This paper argues the necessity and potential integration of the spiritual element that is lacking in the existing digital citizenship concept, which has proven its significance in enhancing wellness and resilience of adolescent in the literature. It is hoped this fourth wave of proposed digital citizenship concept would bring fruitful discussion and contribute to a better understanding of how one might better socialize online or participate with others in a positive and meaningful way. Thus, only then, digital resilience and digital wellness will be established and a better future online society will be formed.
Local Revenue Mobilization and Composite Budget Implementation in Ghana: Examining the Challenges
Authors: Otchere-Ankrah Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Central governments recognize the key role played by local governments in the developmental agenda of these local areas, especially the effort at generating sufficient revenue locally to fund its own projects and programs. Ensuring effectiveness in decentralization calls for sufficient financial resources to help run the administrative machinery and foster local-level development. The study set out to examine the main challenges affecting local revenue mobilization in Ghana using the experience of three selected districts. To understand these key challenges, this study adopted the case study design to select three administrative assemblies in Ghana. The study found many delays in releasing funds from the central government in terms of releases, poor IGF mobilization affecting operationalization of the district budgets, and ability to carry out socio-economic and infrastructural projects. The study recommends that a PPP arrangement for revenue mobilization should be structured to benefit the Assembly.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENSURING THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Жбанова С.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены формы реализации государственной политики в области обеспечения безопасности дорожного
движения, направленные на предупреждение и профилактику дорожно-транспортных происшествий. В настоящее время довольно остро
стоят вопросы, касающиеся безопасности дорожного движения. Несмотря на предпринимаемые меры, ситуация, которая сложилась на
дорогах Российской Федерации, далека от совершенства. В связи с этим обеспечение безопасности дорожного движения выходит на
первый план и становится одной из первоочередных задач страны, имеющих общенациональное значение.

The article considers the forms of implementation of the state policy in the field of road safety aimed at the prevention and
prevention of road accidents. Currently, there are quite acute issues related to road safety. The situation that has developed on the roads of the
Russian Federation is far from perfect, despite the measures taken. In this regard, ensuring road safety comes to the fore and becomes one of the
priority tasks of the country, which is of national importance.
FEATURES OF ENSURING THE SAFETY OF TRANSPORTING CHILDREN TO SCHOOL AND BACK BY SPECIALLY DESIGNED VEHICLES (SCHOOL BUSES) IN CANADA
Authors: Турищева А.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрен зарубежный опыт обеспечения безопасности перевозок детей в школу и обратно специально предназначенными для этого транспортными средствами (школьными автобусами) на примере Канады.

The article discusses the foreign experience of ensuring the safety of transportation of children to and from school with specially designed vehicles (school buses) on the example of Canada.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL MONITORING IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL
Authors: Кузнецова Е.И. , Филатова И.В.
Published: November 2021

Авторами изучаются механизмы информационно-аналитического обеспечения финансового мониторинга, интегрированного в систему экономической безопасности России, на уровне научно-практической и методической основы, раскрывающей направления комплексной организации и инфраструктурных решений, учитывающих содержательные принципы государственного финансового контроля.

The authors study the mechanisms of information and analytical support of financial monitoring integrated into the system of economic security of Russia, at the level of scientific, practical and methodological basis, revealing the directions of complex organization and infrastructure solutions that take into account the substantive principles of state financial control.
DIGITAL ECONOMY AS A BASIS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Свирина М.В.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования цифровой экономики в современных условиях. В условиях цифровой экономики полное устранение опасности или риска неизбежно влечет за собой отказ от дополнительных возможностей развития экономики. Поэтому при построении системы безопасности необходимо определить приемлемый уровень риска как с точки зрения его управляемости и предсказуемости, так и возможных последствий.

This article discusses the features of the functioning of the digital economy in modern conditions. In the digital economy, the complete elimination of danger or risk inevitably entails the rejection of additional opportunities for economic development. Therefore, when building a security system, it is necessary to determine an acceptable level of risk, both in terms of its controllability and predictability, as well as possible consequences.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF COMPILING A TWO-LANGUAGE GLOSSARY DEVOTED TO THE TOPIC «DRUG-RELATED CRIMES»
Authors: Шашкова В.Н. , Игнатенко Е.С. , Каравашкина А.В.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены лингвистические аспекты и дидактические возможности организации работы над составлением англо-русского глоссария по теме «Преступления, связанные с наркотиками», а также предложены варианты заданий, которые можно использовать как на практических занятиях по дисциплине «Иностранный язык», так и во время самоподготовки курсантов для совершенствования их иноязычной профессиональной коммуникативной компетенции.

he article elicits linguistic aspects and didactic possibilities of organizing work at compiling an english-russian glossary on the topic «Drug-related crimes», and offers versions of tasks which can be used both in tutorials in «Foreign language» and during the preparation period of cadets to foster their foreign language professional communicative competence.
Forstyrret spiseadferd blant ungdom
Authors: Vedul-Kjelsås Einar
Published: November 2021

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Problembarn og profesjoner – krigsbarn som sosial kategori i norsk etterkrigstid
Authors: Simonsen Eva
Published: November 2021

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Når kan et barn bli trodd? Bevisverdien i barns vitneforklaring i lys av troverdighetsvurdering
Authors: Trøften Gamst Kari
Published: November 2021

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Friluftsbarnehagen – En motorikkfabrikk? Testing av barns motorikk
Authors: Berg Anne
Published: November 2021

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SAÚDE MENTAL: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE LUTA PARA IMPLEMENTAR POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EM CIANORTE-PR
Authors: Gentilin Ana Floripes Berbert , Lima Aida Franco de
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do texto, mediante a metodologia do Relato de Experiência, é narrar a luta por Políticas Públicas acerca do tema Transtornos Mentais, em específico, o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), através da trajetória da professora Ana Floripes Berbert Gentilin, de Cianorte-PR. Foi por meio da busca de conhecimento científico e intervenção, in loco, que foi possível contribuir com a melhoria dos resultados das práticas pedagógicas referentes aos processos ensino e aprendizagem no Colégio Estadual Igléa Grollmann. O relato apresenta ainda sua luta diária com enfoque nas causas sociais junto aos estudantes e famílias no início dos anos 90, as tentativas frustradas de angariar apoio junto aos poderes Legislativo e Executivo no ano 2012 e que passou a ter uma outra perspectiva quando houve o envolvimento direto do Ministério Público e com pequenos espaços que conquistou na mídia no ano de 2013, seu envolvimento no cenário político em 2020. Em seguida, com a publicação de textos no Portal BN Bisbi Notícias, finalmente a Cidade passou a ser mobilizada para o assunto em questão. Com a troca de comando dos poderes Executivo e Legislativo, no ano de 2021, no dia 01/02, foi protocolada pelo vereador Vantuir Carlos da Silva - Tuika, a indicação nº 144/2021, sugerindo ao Executivo a criação de um Centro de Referência em TEA. Após, foi construído um protocolo em conjunto com os poderes legislativo e executivo com sequência de ações a serem realizadas a curto, médio e longo prazo a fim da concretização da indicação mencionada.
JORNALISMO DE REVISTA, CONSUMO E BELEZA: QUE MULHER É RETRATADA NAS REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS?
Authors: Netto Miguel Rodrigues , Barbão Débora de Andrade
Published: November 2021

O presente capítulo objetiva demonstrar por meio de análise exploratória do tema como as revistas jornalísticas especializadas tratam do tema beleza. A padronização de um modelo a ser seguido ignora as diferenças corporais e culturais das mulheres e busca fazer um enquadramento com fins de gerar um padrão de consumo de produtos para alimentar um mercado que cresce mundialmente: a indústria cosmética e de bem-estar. O estudo foi subdividido por fins editoriais e neste capítulo são apresentadas as características do jornalismo de revista e o conteúdo das revistas Boa Forma e Corpo a Corpo. Ao todo a amostragem analisou cinco edições de cada publicação para se chegar ao resultado aqui apresentado.
Association of Blood Groups with Oral Submucous Fibrosis and if any of the Blood Group is Related with an Increased Risk for Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Siddique Sobia , Razi Zaidi Syed Muhammad , Maqbool Shahida , Insha Madiha , Hasan Ali Muhammad Abul , Khurshid Arooj
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess any association of blood groups with oral submucous fibrosis and if any of the blood group is related with an increased risk for oral submucous fibrosis. Study Design: Comparative study Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Oral Pathology, Fatima Jinnah Dental College & Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from Jan to Dec 2018. Patients and Methods: Total 100 patients were enrolled in the study in which half were cases where oral sub mucous fibrosis had been diagnosed clinically while remaining half were the controls that were involved in the habit of using tobacco/nuts but had no oral pre malignant lesion. For investigation of blood, samples of blood were taken from both the groups. Odd ration and chi-square test was used to analyze data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the individuals in experimental group had “B” blood group followed by “O” “AB” and “A” blood groups. Conclusion: This study showed that ABO blood groups have considerable relation with oral submucous fibrosis. Individuals having “B” blood group had 2.18 times increased tendency of having oral submucous fibrosis in contrast with patients who belong to any other blood group. Keywords: ABO blood group system, Oral Submucous fibrosis, Oral lesions, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cardiomyopathy in Cirrhotic Patients and Its Relationship with the Severity of Cirrhosis
Authors: Khalid Saira , Shah Nasir , Zaidi Yasir Abbas , Hasan Muhammad Saleem , Jahangir Saqib , Rehman Sana
Published: November 2021

Study Objectives: To determine the frequency of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis and to compare it across varying grades of cirrhosis on Child Turcotte Pugh classification. Study Design and Settings: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried at Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital Lahore over 1 year from Jan 2018 to Dec 2018. Patients and Methods: The present research involved 100 male and female patients aged between 16-70 years having liver cirrhosis diagnosed at least 6 months ago. These patients underwent echocardiographic screening of cardiomyopathy which was diagnosed by the presence of diastolic dysfunction (i.e. increased E/A ratio>1). An informed written consent was obtained from every patient. Results of the Study: There was a male predominance (M:F, 1.6:1) among cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 51.9±9.8 years. The mean BMI was 26.5±3.7 Kg/m2 while the mean duration of cirrhosis was 22.0±10.9 months. Majority (49.0%) of the patients belonged to CTP Class C followed by Class-B (39.0%) and Class-A (12.0%). Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy was observed in 41.0% patients with cirrhosis. There was statistically insignificant difference in the observed frequency of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy among various subgroups of cirrhotic patients depending upon patient’s age (p-value=0.928), gender (p-value=0.997), BMI (p-value=0.983) and duration of disease (p-value=0.782). However, it increased considerably with worsening of disease on CTP Classification; Class-A vs. Class-B vs. Class-C (8.3% vs. 35.9% vs. 53.1%; p-value=0.013). Conclusion: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy was observed in a substantial proportion of cirrhotic patients and was more frequent in patients with more severe disease which warrants routine echocardiographic screening of cirrhotic patients so that timely recognition and anticipated treatment of this complication may improve the case outcome in future medical practice. Keywords: Cirrhosis, Cardiomyopathy, Child Turcotte Pugh Class
Role of HRCT Chest in Diagnosing Covid-19 Disease in Initially RT-PCR Negative Patients
Authors: Khan Ameenah , Ahmed Saira , Fatima Khushboo , Ali Usman
Published: November 2021

Objective: To analyze CTSS score in clinically symptomatic COVID-19 patients having initial negative RT-PCR report. Design of the Study: It’s a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Radiology Department, CMH Lahore from July to December 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 1000 patients presented with suspected clinical symptoms of covid-19. 770 were male patients (average of 52±15yrs) and 230 were female patients (49±15 years).Out of which 235 (23.5%) patients had initial negative PCR report & 765 patients had initial PCR positive report. 235 initial PCR negative patients got positive PCR report on subsequent repeat testing. All the patients underwent HRCT chest. Results of the Study: CTSS score of 765 PCR positive patients was determined as 545 (71.2%) having mild to moderate disease (<19.5 CTSS) and 220 (28.7%) as having severe disease (>19.5 CTSS).CTSS score of 235 PCR negative patients was determined on HRCT chest and classified as 210 (89.3%) having mild to moderate disease (<19.5 CTSS) and 25 (10.6%) as having severe disease (>19.5 CTSS). CO-RADS scoring were done and HRCT pattern analyzed in all the patients according to the standard protocol. Multivariate analysis was performed and showed significant correlation between CTSS score and initial PCR negative patients. Sensitivity and specificity of CT chest in determining covid-19 findings was 89.3% and 28.7%.PPV was 89.8% and NPV was 27.8%. Conclusion: HRCT with CTSS scoring is an important tool for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection despite initial negative PCR, having sensitivity and specificity of 89.3% and 28.7% respectively. Timely identification and isolation of COVID-19 patients is helpful in preventing the spread of infection and also aid in prompt symptomatic management. Keywords: COVID-19, Computed Tomography, Ground-Glass Opacity, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Increased Mean Platelet Volume as Inflammatory Marker in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Siddiqui Hina Rehman , Tariq Tahira , Awadallah Omer Samar Babiker , Rizvi Nadia
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of increased mean platelet volume as inflammatory marker in diagnosis of acute appendicitis taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From 28th October 2016 To 27thApril 2017. Material and Methods: Total 229patients suffered from acute appendicitis were included. Venous blood (<20 ml) for complete blood count was sent to lab before surgery. MPV >11fl was taken as increased value. Post-appendicectomy appendix was sent for histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Stratification was done. Chi-square test was applied post stratification and p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There were 128 male and 101 female. Mean age was 34.09±6.63 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 28.97±11.89 hours. 107 patients were observed with total leukocyte count >10X103µL. Mean platelets volume was more than 11 fl in 47.2% patients. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 74.6%, 91.6%, 92.5%, 71.9%, and 81.6% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion in patients with temporary diagnosis of acute appendicitis, high MPV “≥ 11fl” can assist in the identification of acute appendicitis hence negative rate of appendectomy can be decreased.. Keywords: Diagnostic Accuracy, Increased Mean Platelet Volume, Acute Appendicitis, Histopathology
The Influence of Preoperative Hematocrit Levels on Early Outcomes in Patients undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Farogh Ajwad , Hassan Asma , Gull Saira , Irfan Khan Muhammad , Bashir Gohar , Mahmood Hamid , Afshan Shamila
Published: November 2021

Background: Anemia is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The impact of preoperative anaemia is unclear in cardiac surgery. Preoperative anaemia affects early findings in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Aim and Objective: The main objective of current research was to investigate the impact of preoperative anaemia on early outcomes in heart surgery patients. Material and Methods: A prospective randomized clinical research was undertaken after obtaining written informed consent from patients for cardiac surgery at the PIC, Lahore between Apr 2020 and Feb 2021. A total of 120 individuals between the ages of 20 and 60 were chosen for the research. Preoperative anaemia was described as Hb levels of <13 g/dl for males and <12 g/dl in female patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Results: Total 120 patients were enrolled and stratified into two groups (60 patients each) with average age 5 ± 5.75 years. Early outcomes after surgery such as postoperative stroke (6.67 % versus 1.6 %), AF (37 % versus32 %), and duration of hospital stay > 7 days (50 % vs 41.67 %) were found to be different between anaemic and normal Hb groups. Conclusion: Preoperative anaemia can be increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients after surgery. Low preoperative Hb found as advanced risk factor for death, renal impairment, stroke, AF and long hospital stay in our research. Keywords: Anemia, CABG, AF, MI, IABP, CPB
A distinção entre os “contextos” da descoberta e da justificação à luz da interação entre a unidade da ciência e a integridade do cientista
Authors: Miguel Leonardo Rogério , Videira Antonio Augusto Passos
Published: November 2021

Apresentamos um exame sobre a distinção entre os “contextos” da descoberta e da justificação a partir de algumas concepções de William Whewell (1794-1866). Mediante a leitura dos escritos de Whewell e de sua biografia intelectual, observamos que sua filosofia da ciência e o papel desta em seu projeto para reformar a ciência pressupõem a inclusão de elementos que foram encarados como secundários pelos filósofos da ciência. Concluímos que, para Whewell, os aspectos epistemológicos e metodológicos da ciência não são independentes da integridade da formação e dos compromissos intelectuais e morais dos cientistas, tampouco da compreensão histórica da produção de conhecimento.