bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of behavioral sleep problems in children and adolescents – literature review.
Authors: Kaczor Magda , Skalski Michał
Published: June 2016

Zaburzenia snu to narastający od kilku dekad problem w społeczeństwach uprzemysłowionych. Dotyczy on nie tylko ludzi dorosłych, ale również dzieci i młodzieży. Szacuje się, że różnego typu trudności ze snem (opór przed położeniem się do łóżka, opóźnione zasypianie, częste wybudzanie się i brak ciągłości snu, przedwczesne budzenie się, zmęczenie w ciągu dnia) dotyczy w zależności od etapu rozwojowego 25-62% populacji dziecięcej. Problemy te mogą być pierwotne np. w przypadku behawioralnych zaburzeń snu lub towarzyszyć innym schorzeniom. Ze względu na znaczne koszty społeczne (obniżenie nastroju rodziców, gorsze funkcjonowanie intelektualne dzieci) i ekonomiczne (porady lekarskie, dodatkowe badania diagnostyczne, absencja rodziców w pracy), coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się leczeniu zaburzeń snu u dzieci ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zasad higieny snu.
Świadomość rodziców i opiekunów w kwestii prawidłowego snu dzieci oraz zasad higieny snu jest niewielka. Pomimo znacznej rangi problemu w polskiej literaturze fachowej tematowi poświęca się niewiele miejsca. Brak jest wytycznych postępowania dla pediatrów i psychiatrów dziecięcych opiekujących się rodzinami zgłaszającymi trudności czy prostych wytycznych dla rodziców i opiekunów. Celem poniższego opracowania jest zebranie informacji dotyczących leczenia behawioralnych zaburzeń snu w populacji pediatrycznej.
Nonspecific eating disorders - a subjective review
Authors: Michalska Aneta , Szejko Natalia , Jakubczyk Andrzej , Wojnar Marcin
Published: June 2016

Cel: Celem przedstawianej pracy było scharakteryzowanie niespecyficznych zaburzeń odżywiania się (innych niż jadłowstręt psychiczny i żarłoczność psychiczna).
Metoda: Baza Medline została przeszukana w kierunku artykułów dotyczących niespecyficznych zaburzeń odżywiania się. Opisane zostały następujące zaburzenia: napady objadania się (BED); pica; zespół przeżuwania; unikanie / ograniczanie przyjmowania pokarmów; zespół jedzenia nocnego (NES); zaburzenia odżywiania się związane ze snem (SRED); bigoreksja; ortoreksja. Szczególny nacisk postawiono na diagnozowanie, objawy, współchorobowość, powikłania oraz leczenie.
Wyniki: Wszystkie uwzględnione zaburzenia odżywiania się mogą mieć niebezpieczne konsekwencje, zarówno somatyczne, jak i psychiatryczne. Często również współwystępują z innymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Każde z wymienionych zaburzeń można zdiagnozować u kilku procent populacji ogólnej, od 0,5 – 4,7% (SRED) do ok. 7% (ortoreksja). W związku z rosnącą ilością danych z piśmiennictwa oraz zmianami w klasyfikacji DSM-5, klinicyści rozpoznają i leczą te zaburzenia coraz częściej.
Wnioski: Przeprowadzenie kolejnych badań przyczyniłoby się do lepszej wykrywalności oraz skuteczniejszego zapobiegania lub leczenia niespecyficznych zaburzeń odżywiania się.
Prevalence and risk factors of depressive episodes among student population in Wroclaw – epidemiological study results
Authors: Zagdańska Marta , Kiejna Andrzej
Published: June 2016

Cel pracy

Celem badania było oszacowanie rozpowszechnienia epizodów depresyjnych w populacji studentów stacjonarnych publicznych uczelni wyższych we Wrocławiu. Dążono również do zidentyfikowania cech demograficznych, stanowiących czynniki ryzyka zaburzeń depresyjnych.

Metoda

Zastosowano polską adaptację Złożonego Międzynarodowego Kwestionariusza Diagnostycznego (CIDI). Przebadano 370 studentów studiów stacjonarnych. Charakterystyka próby odzwierciedlała strukturę populacji pod względem płci, roku i trybu studiów oraz kierunków kształcenia. Randomizację zapewniono poprzez losowość procedur doboru respondentów do badania.

Wyniki

Potwierdzono znaczne rozpowszechnienie epizodów depresji zarówno w ciągu całego życia (14,7%), jak i w roku poprzedzającym pomiar (9,8%). Niepokój budzą wysokie wskaźniki częstości epizodów depresyjnych o znacznym i umiarkowanym nasileniu (w całym życiu odpowiednio 5,1% i 6,6%, w minionych 12 miesiącach 3,8% i 3,9%). Etap i kierunek kształcenia oraz brak stałej relacji partnerskiej stanowią istotne czynniki ryzyka depresji.

Wnioski

Znaczne rozpowszechnienie epizodów depresyjnych wskazuje na konieczności podjęcia działań prewencyjnych i terapeutycznych dopasowanych do potrzeb i opartych o dane epidemiologiczne. Depresja wśród młodzieży akademickiej wymaga dalszych badań epidemiologicznych.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: June 2016

bez streszczenia
The Peaceable King, or the Lord Mendall: A Lost Jack Cade Play and its 1623 Revival
Authors: Nicol David
Published: June 2016

The lost play The Peaceable King, or The Lord Mendall was recorded by Sir Henry Herbert in 1623 as an old play revived by Prince Charles’s Men. Its title indicates that it was about Henry VI and Jack Cade, and like Shakespeare’s Henry VI, Part 2, it may have explored the clash between a peace-loving king and a popular rebellion. Its revival in 1623 may have had a political subtext, since at this time King James too was known as a ‘peaceable king’ and was facing open hostility from a portion of the populace that objected to his pacific foreign policy.
David McInnis and Matthew Steggle (eds). Lost Plays in Shakespeare’s England. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2014. Pp 295.
Authors: Borlik Todd Andrew
Published: June 2016

This review considers David McInnis and Matthew Steggle (eds). Lost Plays in Shakespeare’s England. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2014. Pp 295. 
James Knowles. Politics and Political Culture in the Court Masque. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp vii, 288.
Authors: Cave Richard Allen
Published: June 2016

This review considers James Knowles. Politics and Political Culture in the Court Masque. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp vii, 288.
Heather Hirschfeld. The End of Satisfaction: Drama and Repentance in the Age of Shakespeare. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014. Pp 239.
Authors: Graham Kenneth J.E.
Published: June 2016

This review considers Heather Hirschfeld. The End of Satisfaction: Drama and Repentance in the Age of Shakespeare. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014. Pp 239.
Editorial
Authors: Ostovich Helen M. , Gough Melinda J. , Kelly Erin E. , Kirwan Peter
Published: June 2016

This is the editorial for Early Theatre 19.1 (June 2016).
Atividade física e uso de equipamentos entre usuários de duas Academias ao Ar Livre
Authors: Costa Bruno , Freitas Cíntia , Silva Kelly
Published: June 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar características sociodemográficas, percepção de uso dos equipamentos e prática de atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) entre frequentadores de duas Academias ao Ar Livre (AAL), em Florianópolis (SC), 2013. Entrevista estruturada foi realizada com 217 usuários (58,7% mulheres), com idade média de 50,2 (±0,9) anos, que estivessem utilizando as AAL durante o período de coleta. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para comparar características sociodemográficas, percepção de uso dos equipamentos e AFMV (≥ 150 minutos/semana), entre as AAL. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os usuários das AAL quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas (p>0,05). Quanto ao uso dos equipamentos, 31,3% dos usuários não sabiam utilizar os aparelhos, 16% deles relataram sentir desconfortos durante o uso, 23% relataram ter recebido instrução durante a prática e 69% afirmaram necessitar de instrução para realizar exercício. Diferenças estatísticas não foram encontradas entre o uso de equipamentos e as AAL (p>0,05). Quando analisada a AFMV, percebeu-se que 73% dos usuários atingiram 150 minutos ou mais, sendo que 19% deles atingiram esse tempo utilizando apenas as AAL para praticar AFMV. A proporção de prática de AFMV total e nas AAL não diferiu entre os locais estudados (p=0,374 e p=0,495, respectivamente). Entretanto, usuários da AAL do Córrego Grande relataram maior frequência semanal de ida às AAL (p=0,036), quando comparados aos usuários de Coqueiros. Conclui-se que os frequentadores das duas AAL apresentam características sociodemográficas, de uso dos equipamentos e de prática de AFMV bastante semelhantes, exceto quanto à frequência de uso das academias.
Tracking de atividade física em escolares entre 2010 e 2012
Authors: Correa Renan , Silva Emmanuel , Stabelini Neto Antonio , Faria Wayne , Farias João Paulo , Elias Rui , Santos Gessika
Published: June 2016

O rastreamento das mudanças na atividade física ao longo do tempo é importante para elaboração de intervenções para a promoção de saúde. Assim, este estudo objetiva analisar o tracking da atividade física (AF) entre 2010 e 2012 em escolares de Jacarezinho-PR. Foram investigados adolescentes do 8° ano do ensino fundamental que já tinham participado do levantamento de 2010. A amostra foi de 321 indivíduos (47% meninos). A AF foi avaliada pelo questionário de Baecke nos domínios: escolar, esportivo e lazer. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da média e desvio padrão. O teste t pareado foi empregado para comparar a AF entre os momentos e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para relacionar os dados obtidos em 2010 e 2012. O domínio escolar apresentou médias de AF de 2,91±0,49 e 2,40±0,51, o esportivo 2,48±0,69 e 2,26±0,56 e o lazer 2,62±0,81 e 2,59±0,74 para 2010 e 2012, respectivamente. Na correlação entre os períodos de avaliação, os meninos demostraram valores de correlação significativa entre os valores do índice total (r=0,302), enquanto o gênero feminino apresentou correlação significativa no índice esportivo (r=0,344), índice de lazer (r=0,322) e índice total (r=0,433). Diante desses achados, observa-se que o AF diminui com o avanço da idade e a prática de atividade física demonstrou baixa estabilidade temporal mesmo com o curto período de intervalo entre as avaliações, tendo como resultado o tracking baixo a moderado.
Comportamento sedentário em estudantes Universitários
Authors: Lourenço Camilo , Sousa Thiago , Fonseca Silvio , Virtuoso Junior Jair , Barbosa Aline
Published: June 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a prevalência e os fatores associados ao comportamento sedentário (CS) entre estudantes de uma universidade do estado da Bahia. A amostra de 1.243 indivíduos foi representativa dos estudantes de uma universidade do estado da Bahia (2012). A distribuição da amostra considerou a proporcionalidade dos cursos, período de estudo e anos de ingresso na universidade. As variáveis dependentes foram o uso de computador para estudos e lazer; assistir televisão; uso de videogame e o tempo de tela. Considerou-se como critério de risco para cada uma dessas variáveis tempo ≥2 horas. As variáveis independentes foram os indicadores sociodemográficos; de vínculo com a universidade; atividade física no lazer; índice de massa corporal e autopercepção de sono. A medida de associação adotada foi a Odds Ratio, utilizando-se da Regressão Logística binária. A prevalência geral de uso de computador foi de 56,1%, para assistir televisão foi 30,3%, para o uso de videogame foi de 3,8% e para o tempo de tela foi de 83,7%. Apresentaram menores chances de exposição aos CS: as mulheres, estudantes de menor faixa etária, com parceiro, do período noturno e os não praticantes de atividade física no lazer; e mais expostos os de maior tempo de ingresso na universidade. A prevalência de exposição ao CS foi elevada e mais discriminante com o passar dos anos de exposição à universidade.
Conflicts between patients, families and nursing staff
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: June 2016

The first two articles in this series explored the meaning of ethics within a healthcare environment while the third article looked at the application of ethics to staffing issues. This fourth article continues to explore the application of ethical frameworks to real-life situations, namely how to work ethically when there are disagreements between the patient, the patient's family and the nursing/medical care team in relation to the course of treatment or intervention being offered.
MABS: targeted therapy tailored to the patient's need
Authors: Miedany Yasser El
Published: June 2016

Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) represent the window of opportunity in modern medicine. As immunology plays a vital role both in our survival and in disease development, MABs were found to be of great help in diagnosing, prognosticating and managing certain malignancies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune as well as infectious diseases. Technological advances have enabled the production of MABs that target specific antigens linked with several disease processes. These drugs are now a component of therapy, not only for many common malignancies, including breast, colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancers, as well as lymphoma, leukaemia and multiple myeloma, but also for several inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Targeted therapy has raised new questions about tailoring treatment, including cancer management, to the individual patient's needs. This would have a positive impact on the drug's effectiveness and toxicity, as well as the economics of care. While targeted MABs are generally better tolerated than traditional chemotherapy, they are associated with several adverse effects, which vary from one patient to another
Effects of methylene-blue staining on the extent of pilonidal sinus excision
Authors: Ardelt M. , Kocijan R. , Dittmar Y. , Fahrner R. , Rauchfuss F. , Scheuerlein H. , Settmacher U.
Published: June 2016

Objective:

We aimed to examine the effects of methylene-blue staining (MBS) on the volume of specimens after excision of pilonidal sinuses.

Method:

This was a retrospective analysis of 135 excised specimens after pilonidal sinus (PS) surgery. All patients underwent procedures at the Department of Surgery of University Hospital Jena between 2000 and 2010. All specimens were measured in three dimensions. To calculate the volumes of excised specimens, we used a model of a hemi-ellipsoid. Demographic information (age, height, weight, body mass index, smoking status) were also obtained for all patients.

Results:

Excised specimens with MBS had significantly larger volumes (p<0.001) as reflected in length (p=0.001), width (p=0.001), and depth (p=0.017) of the excised specimen compared with specimens that were not stained with methylene blue (MB). In addition, the volume was larger in subjects with a recurrent PS (p=0.021), which was predominantly the case in female subjects (p=0.025).

Conclusion:

These data suggest that excised specimens with MBS had significantly larger volumes of the excised specimen compared with specimens that were not stained with MB. MBS of a fistula system could enable such a system to be marked sufficiently, thereby facilitating complete resection of a PS.

Declaration of interest:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Negative pressure wound therapy in the early period after hand and forearm replantation, is it safe?
Authors: Dadaci M. , Isci E. T. , Ince B. , Altuntas Z. , Evrenos M. K. , Uzun H. , Sönmez E. , Bitik O.
Published: June 2016

Objective:

In this study, effectiveness and reliability of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the early period after replantation will be examined retrospectively in a series of patients.

Method:

Patients who underwent replantation between 2007 and 2014, and had tissue defect or partial necrosis in the absence of a major circulation problem were included in this retrospective study. Following debridement of necrotic tissues on the postoperative 7–10 days, NPWT was applied to all patients one day later and adjusted as intermittent 75 mmHg pressure. Intermittent phase adjustment was arranged as 5 minutes suction and 2 minutes resting, and resting pressure was adjusted as 35 mmHg. NPWT was applied for six days and dressings were changed in every three days in the first six day period. Open wounds was debrided again and grafted with split-thickness skin graft and NPWT was continued over the graft for 4 days more.

Results:

There were 11 patients included of which nine amputations were complete and two were nearly total amputations of forearm. Granulation tissue was observed following 6 days of NPWT application in all patients. Graft survival was observed to be almost complete. Wound infection did not occur and tissue cultures obtained in the course of debridement were all negative. Partial oxygen saturations were between 96–99% during the NPWT.

Conclusion:

NPWT (75 mmHg) can be used in the intermittent mode in order to improve wound healing and shorten the period to start physical therapy in the early period after replantation and revascularisation.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest.
Pyoderma gangrenosum mimicking mediastinitis after cardiac surgery: a case study
Authors: Hysi I. , Vincentelli A.
Published: June 2016

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a dermatosis which associates both, necrosis and polynuclear infiltration of the skin. While the aetiology is not well understood, the disease is thought to be due to immune system dysfunction and it can occur after minor trauma or surgery. Although it has seldom been reported after cardiac surgery in the literature, it is not exceptional. Here we report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum after coronary artery bypass grafting in a 76-year-old patient with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. Diagnosis was clinically made and the patient was treated with systemic steroids. The lesions showed a remarkable improvement with this therapy. In the field of cardiac surgery, physicians of the surgical team and nurses should think about this diagnosis in all rapidly expanding postoperative lesions without improvement after debridement or antibiotics.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Cost-effectively prescribing treatments for managing COPD
Authors: Cope Graham
Published: June 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term illness that is caused by inflammation and tissue destruction, resulting in impaired airflow and inadequate oxygen availability during exercise. Inhalers acting on the nervous system that control the respiratory muscles are the main drug therapy used to treat COPD and are often used in combination to enhance their efficacy. Anti-inflammatory formulae are also used, but more likely with long-lasting bronchoinhalers. Prescribers should ensure they are prescribing these treatments cost-effectively, but providing patient-centred care and delivering good patient outcomes is paramount.
Prescribers' SPaCE: Sharing practice and continuing education for multidisciplinary prescribers
Authors: Knight Bethan , Pontefract Sarah , Coleman Jamie , Porter Jonathan , Blackwell Nicholas
Published: June 2016

Prescribers' SPaCE is a new website for multidisciplinary non-medical prescribers (NMPs) that provides an online community for sharing ideas, evidence-based resources and tools; improving practice; and developing NMPs roles.
Urinary tract infection: treating a common problem
Authors: Wilson Mary
Published: June 2016

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a fairly common problem, particularly among the older female population. Mary Wilson offers an overview of the problem, along with advice on the diagnosis and treatment of UTI in the care home
Monitoring the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: June 2016

The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards protect people who lack mental capacity; these are now under review. Helena Frankova discusses the Care Quality Commission's latest annual report on the system and issues to be addressed
Uniformly taxed: an insight into clothing-based tax deductions
Authors: Chen Yen-pei
Published: June 2016

What makes a uniform a uniform? Do you and your staff qualify for tax deductions on work clothing? Tax manager Yen-pei Chen discusses the legal viewpoint on this topic, as set out by the HMRC's Employment Income Manual
Contemporaneity and micropolitics in the processes of Perception Frames
Authors: Irvine Rosanna
Published: June 2016

The article discusses the written work Perception Frames, a collection of choreographic scores, which is one creative outcome of the author’s larger research project addressing non-representational poetics of twentyfirst-century western choreography. This project takes Gilles Deleuze’s critique of representation and his concern with thinking without recourse to recognition as provocation, orientating these concerns to the practices of choreography. The article gives an account of the research activities undertaken in the development of Perception Frames, followed by an explanation and discussion of its written structure. The perspective of practice is privileged in the articulation of the (experiential) perceptual sensing processes through which Perception Frames operates. The article argues that the scores generate conditions for modes of nonrepresentational thinking on the part of the performer: modes of thinking that operate through the conjoined and processual operations of agency and relations, in an immediacy of perceptual sensing, so producing the choreographic event. The article concludes with the suggestion that the scores stage contemporaneity, understood as a being-with time, and that they offer means for practising a micropolitics of producing in the immediacy of occurring relations.
Recognizing the NOW in UK Contemporary Dance
Authors: Butcher Rosemary , Hicks Claire
Published: June 2016

This transcript replicates Rosemary and Claire’s use of series of (perhaps) contentious statements as a starting point for dialogue around Contemporary Dance in the United Kingdom, which formed a keynote presentation at the Questioning the Contemporary in 21st Century British Dance Practices Symposium (July, 2014). Thinking of the future, they reflect back but mainly ask about what we are doing now and why, since one cannot make work for the future but only for the present. Both believe in the possibility of a truly Contemporary Dance sector in the United Kingdom and bring their own perspectives as practitioners to it – as artist and producer, respectively. How do our systems, knowledge and beliefs impact upon the work we create, the work we value and the way we support and nurture our most important asset, our artists?
The identity of hybrid dance artist-academics working across academia and the professional arts sector
Authors: Doughty Sally , Fitzpatrick Marie
Published: June 2016

This article reports on interim findings from an evolving research project that sets out to examine and document the experiences of hybrid dance artist-academics working across academia and the professional arts sector. Three round table events and an online conversation enabled the capturing of voices of those who operate in academia and the professional arts sector in response to the research project’s three main aims:

• To understand the experiences of the hybrid dance artist-academic

• To shed light upon the contextual factors that shape these experiences

• To offer recommendations that may support a productive, creative practice environment for the hybrid dance artist-academic.

This article further contextualizes commentaries within wider discourse on artistic practice and/or Practice as Research (PaR), such as those from Practice as Research in Performance (PARIP) and the Centre for Research into Creation in the Performing Arts (ResCen). The relationship between arts-making practices and neo-liberalist frameworks is explored. The emergent issues of hierarchies, dissidence and the epistemology of the hybrid dance artist-academic are presented and conceptions of agency and community are reconsidered.
The end of choreography
Authors: Hildebrandt Antje
Published: June 2016

The End of Choreography is a commissioned video (2013, https://vimeo.com/80257439), a lecture presentation (2015) and a performative essay (2016). As a PaR project concerned with choreography in the expanded field, these multiple manifestations problematize the notion of the artwork, questioning what impact context has on the reading and the meaning of a work. In this provocation I mix images with written text, use references from different disciplines and historical eras, quote well-known international theorists and philosophers alongside local choreographers and dance practitioners. I also refer to pieces I have seen, read about and participated in. Thus, I create a variety of contexts and reference points, questioning the meaning, value and purpose of choreography at the beginning of the twenty-first century. For this written version of The End of Choreography I collaborated with a graphic designer to present the work in a different medium, exploring the potentialities of translating the video onto the page as a textual document. Rather than presenting a closed argument, my aim is to trigger a debate about the current state of affairs in the field, whether this be the end, or future, of choreography.
Educação para a democracia: Os artigos do intelectual Anísio Teixeira no jornal Folha de S. Paulo em 1968
Authors: Gouvêa Fernando
Published: June 2016

O artigo tem como objeto de estudo o pensamento do intelectual Anísio Teixeira no ano de 1968 face ao recrudescimento do governo de arbítrio instalado no Brasil em 1964. Para a consecução desta empreitada as fontes utilizadas serão os artigos da autoria do referido intelectual que foram publicados pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo entre junho e dezembro de 1968. Trata-se de um objeto ainda não aprofundado pela historiografia da Educação no Brasil. Desta forma, o trabalho está filiado aos estudos sobre política educacional e trajetórias de intelectuais. A metodologia utilizada repousa na pesquisa de caráter documental e histórico, especialmente no que concerne à História Cultural que valoriza fontes variadas como os impressos e à História Política que entende o intelectual como um ator político. No que concerne à operação historiográfica das fontes, estão assentadas as seguintes análises: os conteúdos destes artigos; as imbricações entre a escalada da violência do governo de exceção e os temas abordados pelo articulista; os ideários presentes nos textos que já permeavam a obra de Teixeira no decorrer da sua trajetória intelectual e as novas preocupações; a contribuição deste conjunto de artigos para a historiografia da educação brasileira e quais pontos ainda permanecem candentes para a sociedade brasileira no tempo presente.
Política de alimentação escolar brasileira: Representações sociais e marcas do passado
Authors: Martínez Silvia Alicia , Pinho Francine Nogueira Lamy Garcia
Published: June 2016

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é uma política pública brasileira regulamentada pelo Ministério da Educação e direcionada ao ambiente escolar, de caráter universal, que tem como foco principal a suplementação alimentar e a promoção de uma educação nutricional voltada para as instituições escolares públicas. Entretanto, adesão por parte dos alunos é baixa. A alimentação escolar brasileira é historicamente conhecida como “merenda escolar”, denominação que adquiriu no contexto da sua criação, em 1955, e que perdura até os dias de hoje no cotidiano escolar. Este texto pretende demonstrar que o passado fortemente assistencialista que envolveu a criação da política de alimentação escolar no Brasil deixou marcas duradoras na representação social desta refeição, impedindo, como consequência, a sua universalização. A partir desta premissa, foram desenvolvidos dois processos metodológicos simultâneos: por um lado, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com alunos, gestores e merendeiras, para captar as representações sociais dos envolvidos. Por outro, foram revisitados documentos históricos da política, visando perceber algumas das raízes das representações sociais presenciadas na atualidade(Moscovici, 2011). Verificou-se que, apesar das melhorias na qualidade nutricional e no processo da oferta desta refeição no ambiente escolar, há ainda dissonância entre as teorias regulamentadoras e as práticas cotidianas vivenciadas nas escolas, agravadas por uma operacionalização inadequada da merenda. Constatou-se, ainda, que a maior adesão está associada ao aluno mais carente do ponto de vista socioeconômico, o que demonstra que ainda não foi possível superar a representação social da política como assistencialista.
Upper Airway Control in Airway Defense
Authors: Poliacek I , Simera M , Calkovsky V , Jakus J
Published: June 2016

Upper airways (UA) are an organic component of the respiratory tract, they serve to respiration, respiratory tract protection and defense, phonation, deglutition, etc. The functions of UA are regulated by motor control of the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal muscles.

UA typically stiffen and widen during inspiration mainly due to the activation of the alae nasi, genioglossus m., pharyngeal dilators, and laryngeal abductors. These and other UA muscles (e.g. laryngeal and pharyngeal constrictors) may express varoius activity patterns, actively shaping UA depending on species, arousal, respiratory drive, and behavior being executed. E.g. during coughing and sneezing laryngeal movement consists of abductions in inspiration and expiration and adductions in compression and subsequent constriction phase. The cricopharyngeus m., in cough expiration the superior pharyngeal constrictor and in the sneeze expiration the styloglossus and levator veli palatini m. are activated. Unlike in breathing or coughing, where UA serve to respiration-protection-defense, the pharyngeal phase of swallowing is essentially made by the coordinated action of a number of UA muscles.

Motoneurons driving the UA muscles are located primarily in the hypoglossal and ambigual nuclei. Motor pattern of individual motoneuronal pools is determined by activation-inhibition-modulation from pre-motoneurons and other upstream neurons of the reflex circuits. Laryngeal and hypoglossal nerve activity is during breathing under command of respiratory central pattern generator. UA muscles are driven in inspiration primarily from augmenting, less from decrementing and constant inspiratory neurons. Number of additional inputs is involved in UA regulation during expirations and other motor behaviors. Anatomical and functional studies pointed out number of brainstem areas, such as the regions of solitary tract nucleus, hypoglossal ncl., trigeminal ncl., lateral tegmental field, raphé, the ventral and ventrolateral medulla, pontine parabrachial region, etc. with neurons related to UA motor control.

Abundant connectivity of the neuronal network that controls UA patency employs almost all kind of receptors and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator systems. Among large number of diseases and disorders that relate to UA, primarily cholinergic, norepinephrine, and serotonergic tonic drives are implicated in those resulted from the reduced UA tone. Pharmacological and frequently simple surgical interventions may improve these conditions (snore, obturation) in patients. Recently, besides medicinal treatment, conditional procedures incorporating an exercise and practice, stimulation of appropriate afferent pathways, and combining reflex responses may offer promising therapies.
Methyl- and methoxysalicylatocopper complexes with 2-ethylbenzimidazole
Authors: Puchoňová Miroslava , Kuchtanin Vladimír , Mazúr Milan , Valigura Dušan
Published: June 2016

Four new compounds of formulae [Cu(3-Mesal)2(etbzim)2] (1), [Cu(4-Mesal)2(etbzim)2] (2), [Cu(4-MeOsal)2(etbzim)2] (3), [Cu(5-MeOsal)2(etbzim)2] (4) where 3- or 4-Mesal = 3- or 4-methylsalicylate anionic ligand, 4- or 5-MeOsal = 4- or 5-methoxysalicylate anionic ligand, etbzim = 2-ethylbenzimidazole) have been prepared and characterised by elemental analysis and available spectral methods (EPR, UV-vis and IR spectra). EPR spectra of all measured complexes are axial symmetry. Other spectral methods led to conclusion that all prepared complexes probably contain the etbzim ligand coordinated in equatorial plane together with the asymmetrically bonded salicylato anions thus giving {CuN2O2O’O”} chromophore. The supposed structural motive for all prepared complexes might be simmilar to those benzoate complexes with benzimidazole [Cu(4-OHbz)2(bzim)2] and [Cu(4-Mebz)2(bzim)2] (4-OHbz = 4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-Mebz = = 4-methylbenzoate), but similarity with polymeric salicylate complex [Cu(sal)2(bzim)2]n cannot be excluded.
Water liquid-vapor equilibrium by molecular dynamics: Alternative equilibrium pressure estimation
Authors: Ilčin Michal , Michalík Martin , Kováčiková Klára , Káziková Lenka , Lukeš Vladimír
Published: June 2016

The molecular dynamics simulations of the liquid-vapor equilibrium of water including both water phases — liquid and vapor — in one simulation are presented. Such approach is preferred if equilibrium curve data are to be collected instead of the two distinct simulations for each phase separately. Then the liquid phase is not restricted, e.g. by insufficient volume resulting in too high pressures, and can spread into its natural volume ruled by chosen force field and by the contact with vapor phase as vaporized molecules are colliding with phase interface. Averaged strongly fluctuating virial pressure values gave untrustworthy or even unreal results, so need for an alternative method arisen. The idea was inspired with the presence of vapor phase and by previous experiences in gaseous phase simulations with small fluctuations of pressure, almost matching the ideal gas value. In presented simulations, the first idea how to calculate pressure only from the vapor phase part of simulation box were applied. This resulted into very simple method based only on averaging molecules count in the vapor phase subspace of known volume. Such simple approach provided more reliable pressure estimation than statistical output of the simulation program. Contrary, also drawbacks are present in longer initial thermostatization time or more laborious estimation of the vaporization heat. What more, such heat of vaporization suffers with border effect inaccuracy slowly decreasing with the thickness of liquid phase. For more efficient and more accurate vaporization heat estimation the two distinct simulations for each phase separately should be preferred.
Chemical composition and functional properties of pumpkin pomace-incorporated crackers
Authors: Kuchtová Veronika , Karovičová Jolana , Kohajdová Zlatica , Minarovičová Lucia
Published: June 2016

Pumpkin pomace obtained from cultivar (Cucurbita moschata Duch) was analyzed for their chemical composition and functional properties. Pumpkin pomace powder contained more than 50 mass % of total dietary fibre and showed high hydration properties such as water holding capacity (5.70 g · g−1) and swelling capacity (10.26 cm3 · g−1). The effect of pumpkin pomace incorporation to wheat dough by replacement of wheat flour with pumpkin pomace (5 or 7.5 %) on physical properties (volume, volume index, width, thickness, spread ratio) and sensory parameters (appearance, hardness, taste, odor, overall acceptability) of cracker were evaluated. The results indicated that the addition of higher amount (7.5 % mass) of pumpkin pomace powder negatively affected the volume, volume index, spread ratio and reduced their overall acceptance. Pumpkin pomace is a good source of ash and dietary fibres and may be incorporated into baked goods as a functional ingredient.
Wine fermentation kinetic model verification and simulation of refrigeration malfunction during wine fermentation
Authors: Báleš Vladimír , Timár Pavol , Baláž Ján , Timár Pavel
Published: June 2016

This paper deals with influence of nitrogen compound content on wine fermentation kinetics. It also deals with simulation of refrigeration failure during fermentation. Mathematical model of wine fermentation was adapted. Model is based on kinetics of heat removal, kinetics of fermentation, production of carbon dioxide and ethanol. Ethanol and carbon dioxide concentration profiles during fermentation were obtained as a result. Then the model was used to simulate refrigeration malfunction of a fermentation tank. This might lead to higher energy efficiency and lower cost of winemaking process.
Softwareland Chronicles: A Software Development Meta-Process Proposal
Authors: Bolanos Sandro , Crespo Rubén González , Espada Jordán Pascual , García-Díaz Vicente , Osis Jānis
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the software development meta-process (SD-MP) as a proposal to set up software projects. Within this proposal we offer conceptual elements that help solve the war of methodologies and processes in favor of an integrating viewpoint, where the main flaws associated with conventional and agile approaches are removed. Our newly developed software platform to support the meta-process is also presented together with three case studies involving projects currently in progress, where the framework proposed in SD-MP has been applied.
Alternative Development for Data Migration Using Dynamic Query Generation
Authors: Romero-Ramírez Johan Alfredo , Montenegro-Marín Carlos Enrique , García-Díaz Vicente , Lovelle Juan Manuel Cueva
Published: June 2016

This article presents an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) prototype called Valery as alternative approach to migration process which includes a compiler for dynamic generation of SQL queries. Its main features involve: SQL dynamic generation, set of configuration commands and environment for file uploading. The tests use the Northwind academic database and an individual environment. The model implementation uses flat files and SQL as query language. Finally, there is an analysis of the results obtained.
Enhancing Conflict Resolution Mechanism for Automatic Model Composition
Authors: Marzouki Nisrine El , Ņikiforova Oksana , Lakhrissi Younes , Mohajir Mohammed El
Published: June 2016

Despite the fact that model composition paradigm becomes very important and most commonly used, the support for their cooperation has not reached its full strength, especially in managing composition conflicts, because it’s often divided between and confused with other model composition features. This makes handling and dealing with these conflicts a crucial activity in the composition process. Models need to be put under version control in order to manage the probable conflicts, facilitate collaboration and control change. Therefore, a solution for detecting and resolving conflicts is needed. In this paper, we present a composition conflict resolver presented in the form of a repository that helps manage composition conflicts and analyse the model and operations performed on it.
Optimal Pixel-to-Shift Standard Deviation Ratio for Training 2-Layer Perceptron on Shifted 60 × 80 Images with Pixel Distortion in Classifying Shifting-Distorted Objects
Authors: Romanuke Vadim V.
Published: June 2016

An optimization problem of classifying shifting-distorted objects is studied. The classifier is 2-layer perceptron, and the object model is monochrome 60 × 80 image. Based on the fact that previously the perceptron has successfully been attempted to classify shifted objects with a pixel-to-shift standard deviation ratio for training, the ratio is optimized. The optimization criterion is minimization of classification error percentage. A classifier trained under the found optimal ratio is optimized additionally. Then it effectively classifies shifting-distorted images, erring only in one case from eight takings at the maximal shift distortion. On average, classification error percentage appears less than 2.5 %. Thus, the optimized 2-layer perceptron outruns much slower neocognitron. And the found optimal ratio shall be nearly the same for other object classification problems, when the number of object features varies about 4800, and the number of classes is between two and three tens.
Trade Liberalization within Intra-BRICS and the Rule of Law
Authors: Ngatat Elvis Tankwa
Published: June 2016

The main aim of this research is to seek the potential for Trade liberalization between Intra-BRICS and the impact on the Rule of Law, searching for issues that are hampering or would hamper the BRICS collaboration and economic growth. If any political and legal systems or organization that implements Loyalty to the interests of the rule of law would contribute tremendously to the progress of regional or community economic growth, lack of the rule of law can seriously hinder the idea of Trade liberalization and intra-regional or intra-community trade. I am arguing that even if trade barriers are removed from trade collaboration, and if there is no loyalty to the rule of law there will still be barriers that will hinder trade liberalization. For example, if the country is very corrupt the corrupt officials could delay goods entering the country by making unnecessary excuses so that bribe could be given thereby creating uncomfortable and unfair situations and thereby stimulating difficulties for businesses not to flow freely as it was previously anticipated. The important goal of the BRICS treaty is to stimulate sustainable economic growth of the BRICS countries. I examine the contribution to the BRICS countries integration to economic growth of the countries using subservient variables GMM regression in the framework of a growth model. I found great substantial empirical affirmation for a positive economic cooperation and growth. The results of some variables showed negative impact because of the distance that exist on members of the BRICS countries which hinders perfect cooperation and economic benefits but there were positive impacts on economic cooperation.
Constitutive Modelling of Damage Evolution and Martensitic Transformation in 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Ryś Maciej
Published: June 2016

In this work, the constitutive model, derived with the use of thermodynamic of irreversible processes framework is presented. The model is derived under the assumption of small strains. Plastic strain induced martensitic phase transformation is considered in the austenitic matrix where the volume fraction of the martensite is reflected by a scalar parameter. The austenitic matrix is assumed as the elastic-plastic material and martensitic phase is assumed as randomly distributed and randomly oriented inclusions. Both phases are affected by damage evolution but there is no distinction in the model between damage in austenite and martensite.
Metabolic Attributes, Milk Production and Ovarian Activity of Ewes Supplemented with a Soluble Sugar or a Protected-Fat as Different Energy Sources During Postpartum Period
Authors: Hashem Nesrein M. , El-Zarkouny Samir Z.
Published: June 2016

The effects of two dietary supplemental energy sources on metabolic attributes, milk production and ovarian activity of ewes during early to mid-postpartum period were studied using thirty multiparous lactating ewes (Rahmani × Barki) weighing 43.10±1.22 kg and 3-6 years old. The ewes were assigned to three groups (n=10 per group). All ewes received the same diet supplemented with isocaloric and isonitrogenous protected-palm oil (50 g/ewe/d, F-group) or a sugar cane molasses (140 g/ewe/d, M-group) or without supplementation (control, C-group), for 60 days starting 2 weeks postpartum. Results showed that, during the experimental period, both energy sources reduced (P<0.05) body weight loss of ewes compared with the control (2.57 kg in F-group, 0.911 kg in M-group and 4.71 kg in C-group). The metabolic profiles of ewes were affected by the sources of energy, the highest (P<0.05) concentration of serum triglycerides was in the F-group, whereas the highest (P<0.05) concentration of serum insulin was in the M-group. The lowest serum glucose concentration was (P<0.05) in the F-group (73.20 mg/dL) and the highest in the C-group (76.85 mg/dL), whereas it was intermediate in the M-group (74.69 mg/dL). Ewes in the F-group had (P<0.05) the highest milk yield and energy-corrected milk (531.72 g/d and 554.40 g/d, respectively) compared with those in the M-group (491.76 g/d and 525.12 g/d, respectively) and C-group (429.96 g/d and 462.00 g/d, respectively). The highest (P<0.05) number of corpora lutea (CL; ovulation activity) was in the F-group (0.45), whereas it was not different between the M-group (0.25) and the C-group (0.15). In conclusion, during early to mid-postpartum period, protected-fat supplementation increased serum triglycerides concentration which was effectively used as an energyyielding nutrient for improving milk production. It could also be suggested that specific fatty acid in protected-fat improved quality of the ovulatory follicle and thus occurrence of ovulation.
Archivierung und Publikation von Forschungsdaten: Die Rolle von digitalen Repositorien am Beispiel des RADAR-Projekts
Authors: Kraft Angelina , Razum Matthias , Potthoff Jan , Porzel Andrea , Engel Thomas , Lange Frank , van den Broek Karina
Published: June 2016

Disziplinübergreifendes Forschungsdatenmanagement für Hochschulbibliotheken und Projekte zu vereinfachen und zu etablieren – das ist das Ziel von RADAR. Im Sommer 2016 geht mit ‚RADAR – Research Data Repository‘ ein Service an den Start, der Forschenden, Institutionen verschiedener Fachdisziplinen und Verlagen eine generische Infrastruktur für die Archivierung und Publikation von Forschungsdaten anbietet. Zu den Dienstleistungen gehören u. a. die Langzeitverfügbarkeit der Daten mit Handle oder Digital Object Identifier (DOI), ein anpassbares Rollen- und Zugriffsrechtemanagement, eine optionale Peer-Review-Funktion und Zugriffsstatistiken. Das Geschäftsmodell ermutigt Forschende, die anfallenden Nutzungsgebühren des Repositoriums in Drittmittelanträge und Datenmanagementpläne zu integrieren. Publizierte Daten stehen als Open Data zur Nachnutzung wie etwa Data Mining, Metadaten-Harvesting und Verknüpfung mit Suchportalen zur Verfügung. Diese Vernetzung ermöglicht ein nachhaltiges Forschungsdatenmanagement und die Etablierung von Dateninfrastrukturen wie RADAR.
Management und Publikation von Forschungsdaten – Serviceleistungen einer wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek
Authors: Lindstädt Birte
Published: June 2016

Der Artikel zeigt auf, welche Schritte notwendig sind und welche Aufgaben wahrgenommen werden müssen, um Forschungsdatenmanagement umfassend zu betreiben. Grundlage hierfür ist der Lebenszyklus von Forschungsdaten, der das Grundgerüst eines Datenmanagementplans darstellt. Auf dieser Basis wird exemplarisch das Leistungsportfolio einer wissenschaftlichen Spezialbibliothek für die Lebenswissenschaften dargestellt, das ausgewählte Phasen und Aufgaben im Lebenszyklus von Forschungsdaten unterstützt.

Einleitend erfolgt ein Überblick über die Definition von Forschungsdaten und Vorteile von Open Data sowie über die Rahmensetzung der Forschungsförderer im Hinblick auf das projektbezogene Forschungsdatenmanagement.