Dual archive paleotemperature records over two pre-LGM stadial/interstadials in East Central Europe
Authors: Ujvari Gabor , Bernasconi Stefano M , Stevens Thomas , Kele Sandor , Pall-Gergely Barna , Suranyi Gergely , Demeny Attila 
Published: March 2021

&lt;p&gt;The generally cold climate of the last glacial period was interrupted by numerous abrupt shifts to warmer interstadial conditions in the North Atlantic. The effects of this Dansgaard&amp;#8211;Oeschger (D&amp;#8211;O) type climatic variability have been found in a number of European and Asian terrestrial paleoclimate archives, including speleothems, lakes and loess deposits. However, only very few of the already sparse precisely dated records provide quantitative information on stadial-interstadial temperature variations over this time period. This is a major impediment to resolving the cause and geographical propagation of D-O events, as well as to understanding the impact they have on continental climates and environments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we present carbonate clumped isotope (&lt;em&gt;&amp;#916;&lt;sub&gt;47&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;)-based active season paleotemperature (AST) estimates from land snails recovered from Greenland Stadial/Interstadial (GS/GI) 5 and 3 age loess at the Dunaszekcs&amp;#337; loess site (Hungary), based on a uniquely detailed AMS &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C age dataset, alongside a new flowstone (PK-6, B&amp;#252;kk&amp;#246;sd, Hungary) stable isotope-based temperature change record &lt;sup&gt;230&lt;/sup&gt;Th-dated to 30-26 ka. Stadial ASTs of the investigated periods were found to be in the range of 7&amp;#8211;13 &amp;#176;C, corresponding to &lt;em&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;annual&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of 0&amp;#8211;6 &amp;#176;C and &lt;em&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;July&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of 11&amp;#8211;17 &amp;#176;C, agreeing well with the range of model simulation results for the region. Interstadial AST values reconstructed for GI-5.1 and 3 (16&amp;#8211;18 &amp;#176;C) indicate warm summers (&lt;em&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;July&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;: 20&amp;#8211;22 &amp;#176;C) and relatively high annual mean temperatures (&lt;em&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;annual&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;: 9&amp;#8211;11 &amp;#176;C), matching present-day values. The PK-6 flowstone &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;calcite&lt;/sub&gt;-based temperature change estimates (~0.2 &amp;#8240; &amp;#176;C&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8211;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O/T gradient) reveal a 7&amp;#8211;10 &amp;#176;C &lt;em&gt;T&lt;sub&gt;annual&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; rise for the warmest phases of GI-3 and 4 compared to stadial temperatures, in very good agreement with the land snail &lt;em&gt;T&amp;#916;&lt;sub&gt;47&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results show that stadial-interstadial climate variability in East Central Europe was of comparable magnitude to that in Greenland. We propose that large scale ocean-atmospheric variability (NAO-AMO) imparts a major control on transmitting abrupt North Atlantic climate event signals into continental Europe during the last glacial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study was funded by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office to G&amp;#218; (OTKA PD-108639) and SK (OTKA KH-125584). TS is grateful for the support of the Swedish Research Council (2017-03888).&lt;/p&gt;