bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of Neurotensin and Neurotensin Receptor1 in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Role in Tumor Depth and Nodal Metastasis
Authors: jamil Soofia , Shaikh Abdul Hafeez , Ahmed Shaheen , Salam Hira , Zaheer Sidra , Mughal Nouman
Published: February 2023

World’s sixth most prevalent cancer is Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which is a malignant neoplasm developing in the epithelial tissues of the oral cavity. In Pakistan, it is amongst the most commonly reported malignancies in both genders owing to widespread use of risk factors, including betel nut, smoking, gutka etc.
Advance disease, presence of cervical lymphadenopathy and late presentation leads to poor 5-year survival. Certain variables have been studied as predictors of metastasis of which depth of invasion of tumor is directly correlated to it.
Neurotensin, a 13 amino-acid neuropeptide mediates its effects via three receptors, out of which 2 are G-protein coupled receptors NTR1 & 2 alongwith the sole transmembrane domain receptor, NTR3. Aberrant expression and localization has been reported in various tumors and associated with increase tumor depth and aggressiveness.
Methodology:
Histological grading was performed using Broder’s criteria. H&E staining for evaluation of tumor depth analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to study expression and localization of NT, NTR1 in each sample.
Results:
Expressional analysis of NTS and its receptor NTR1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma revealed that ~ 62% of all tumor tissues were positive for neurotensin expression. High-affinity receptor for neurotensin NTR1 was expressed in 79% of OC sample tissues. We investigated tumor depth for any correlation with NTS/NTR1 expression. Overall a moderate intensity of expression was observed in all the tissues but it could be observed that as the tumor depth increased from < 5mm to > 10mm, neurotensin expressional profile also increased in terms of IRS scores.
Tumor depth was measured from basement membrane to the deepest point of invasion. Mean tumor depth was estimated to be 15.02mm with majority of the tumors displaying tumor depth greater than 10mm.
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated a general trend towards a higher expressional gradient of neurotensin correlating with increasing depth of invasion which is known to be an independent predictor of the OC prognosis. Also, this indicates a potential role of this peptide in determining the aggressiveness of the disease.
Clinical profile of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome in Japan: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takahashi Kyosuke , Uenishi Norimichi , Sanui Masamitsu , Uchino Shigehiko , Yonezawa Naoki , Takei Tetsuhiro , Nishioka Norihiro , Kobayashi Hirotada , Otaka Shunichi , Yamamoto Kotaro , Yasuda Hideto , Kosaka Shintaro , Tokunaga Hidehiko , Fujiwara Naoki , Kondo Takashiro , Ishida Tomoki , Komatsu Takayuki , Endo Koji , Moriyama Taiki , Oyasu Takayoshi , Hayakawa Mineji , Hoshino Atsumi , Matsuyama Tasuku , Miyamoto Yuki , Yanagisawa Akihiro , Wakabayashi Tadamasa , Ueda Takeshi , Komuro Tetsuya , Sugimoto Toshiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai
Published: January 2023

Background:Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) are life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus. Theirclinical profiles have not been fully investigated in the Japanese population.Methods:A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in 21 acute care hospitals in Japan. Patients included were adults aged 18 or older who had been hospitalized from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016 due to DKA or HHS. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were extracted from patient medical records. A four-group comparison (mild DKA, moderate DKA, severe DKA, and HHS) was performed to evaluate outcomes.Results:A total of 771 patients including 545 patients with DKA and 226 patients with HHS were identified during the study period. The major precipitating factors of disease episodes were poor medication compliance, infectious diseases, and excessive drinking of sugar-sweetened beverages. The median hospital stay was 16 days [IQR 10-26 days] and was longer in the HHS group (19.5 days) compared to the DKA groups (16 days). The intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate was 44.4% (mean) and the rate at each hospital ranged from 0% to 100%. The median ICU stay was 3 days for all groups. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.8% in patients with DKA and 7.1% in the HHS group. No significant difference in mortality was seen among the three DKA groups. The most common complication was infection (18%), followed by pulmonary edema (2.7%), stroke (2.1%), ventricular arrhythmia (1.6%), and deep vein thrombosis (1%).Conclusions:The mortality rate of patients with DKA in Japan is similar to other studies, while that of HHS was lower. The ICU admission rate varied among institutions. There was no significant association between the severity of DKA and mortality in the study population.Trial registration:This study is registered in the UMIN clinical trial registration system (UMIN000025393, Registered 23th December 2016)
Wfs1E864K knock-in mice illuminate the fundamental role of Wfs1 in endocochlear potential production
Authors: Richard Elodie , Brun Emilie , Korchagina Julia , Crouzier Lucie , Affortit Corentin , Alves Stacy , Cazevieille Chantal , Bonnefont-Mausset Anne-Laure , Lenoir Marc , Puel jean-luc , MAURICE TANGUI , Thiry Marc , wang jing , Delprat Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease encompassing diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy, hearing loss (HL) and neurological disorders. None of the animal models of the pathology are presenting with an early onset HL, impeding the understanding of the role of Wolframin (WFS1), the protein responsible for WS, in the auditory pathway. We generated a knock-in mouse, the Wfs1E864K line, presenting a human mutation leading to severe deafness in affected individuals. The homozygous mice showed a profound post-natal HL and vestibular syndrome, associated with a decrease of the endocochlear potential (EP) and a devastating alteration of the stria vascularis and neurosensory epithelium. The mutant protein prevented the localization to the cell surface of the Na+/K+ATPase-β1 subunit, a key protein for the maintenance of the EP. Overall, our data support an important role of WFS1 in the maintenance of the EP and the stria vascularis, via its binding partner, the Na+/K+ATPase β1-subunit.
Study on seismic vulnerability analysis of the interaction system between saturated soft soil and subway station structures
Authors: Xuelei CHENG , Qiqi LI , Ran HAI , Xianfeng HE
Published: January 2023

The seismic vulnerability of interaction system of saturated soft soil and subway station structures is explored in this paper. The coupled nonlinear numerical models of interaction system are established using the u-p formulation of Biot′s theory to describe the saturated two-phase media. A refined finite element model of interaction system is developed to study its nonlinear seismic responses and seismic disaster mechanism. In this study, the multi-yield elastoplastic constitutive model was adopted for the soil, and the fiber section elastoplastic constitutive model was used for the structure. The seismic response of structure was calculated by inputting the artificial seismic wave obtained from the power spectrum-triangular series method. The maximum inter-story drift angle was taken as the structural performance parameter for the subway station structure. The structural demand cloud was obtained under random ground motion sequences. Based on the probabilistic seismic demand model analysis method, the seismic vulnerability curve of the subway station structure was plotted, and the seismic vulnerability curve was analyzed based on the vulnerability of performance parameters. With the increase of soil strength, the vulnerability index of subway station structure under different peak acceleration ground motion decreased correspondingly. Based on the above vulnerability theory and analysis methods, it can be found from the above vulnerability theory and analysis methods that the subway station structure with established buried depth in saturated soft soil site exhibits a certain degree of safety and reliability, and can meet the seismic fortification goal of "no damage in small earthquakes, repairable in medium earthquakes and no collapse in large earthquakes". The results of vulnerability analysis are in line with the actual seismic survey, and the vulnerability analysis method proposed in this paper can be applied to the vulnerability analysis of underground structures on saturated soft soil foundation.
Kidney-type glutaminase is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study
Authors: Zhang Laizhu , Su Ke , Liu Qi , Li Binghua , Wang Ye , Cheng Chunxiao , Li Yunzheng , Xu Chun , Chen Jun , Wu Hongyan , Zhu Mengxia , Mai Xiaoli , Cao Yajuan , Peng Jin , Yue Yang , Ding Yitao , Yu Decai
Published: January 2023

Purpose The pathological diagnosis and prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic and prognostic efficiency of Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS1) for HCC in prospective cohorts with a large sample size.
Methods A total of 1140 HCC patients were enrolled in our respective clinical trials. Control cases included 114 nontumour tissues. The registered clinical trial (ChiCTR-DDT-14005102, chictr.org.cn) was referred to for the exact protocol. GLS1 immunohistochemistry was performed on the whole tumour section. The diagnostic and prognostic performances of GLS1 was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and Cox regression model.
Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden index, and area under the curve of GLS1 for the diagnosis of HCC were 0.746, 0.842, 0.979, 0.249, 0.588, and 0.814, respectively, which could be increased to 0.846, 0.886, 0.987,0.366, 0.732, and 0.921 when combined with glypican 3 (GPC3) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), indicating better diagnostic performance. Further, we developed a nomogram with GPC3 and GLS1 for identifying HCC which showed good discrimination and calibration. GLS1 expression was also related to age, T stage, TNM stage, Edmondson–Steiner grade, microvascular invasion, Ki67, VEGFR2, GPC3, and AFP expression in HCC. GLS1 expression was negatively correlated with disease-free survival (P< 0.001) probability of patients with HCC.
Conclusions We validated that GLS1 was a sensitive and specific biomarker for pathological diagnosis of HCC and had prognostic value, thus having practical value for clinical application.
Validation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceptions Tool on Advance directives and End of Life Decisions in Adult Population Availing Services at Tertiary Care Hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Sundrani Areeza Ashiq Ali , Khan Robyna Irshad , Azam Iqbal , Butt Mohsin Nazir , Mushtaq Saima , Panjwani Nasreen
Published: January 2023

Background: Advance directives are legal documents written or drawn when the person has total mental capacity, noting the requirements of health care when/if he loses the ability to make decisions. The concept has not been explored in Pakistan; hence a valid instrument is not available that addresses the needs of an LMIC. We aimed to develop and validate a tool to assess knowledge, Attitude, and perceptions about advance directives of the adult population availing services at tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: We carried out a validation study in three tertiary care hospitals in Karachi. The study was initiated by adapting from an American tool, modified following the Pakistani context. An estimated sample size of 389 using a purposive sampling technique was calculated. We checked the tool's relevancy using content validity. STATA software 16 was used for consistency, reliability, and factorial analysis.
Results: All the components of the survey performed well with overall good reliability (α = 0.75), and for individuals, main features, including family support decisions (α = 0.64), sociocultural and religious (α = 0.72), physical health awareness experience (α = 0.93), knowledge (α = 0.99), attitude (α = 0.75), and perceptions (α = 0.64).
Conclusion: This was the first validation study done in low-and-middle-income countries to develop a reliable and validated tool with the efforts made to make it contextual and comprehensive for both English and Urdu versions.
Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its associated risk factors among Chinese males with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Guiliang , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhu Zhirong
Published: January 2023

Epidemiological statistics showed that the proportion of erectile dysfunction in diabetic men was significantly higher than that in non diabetic men. In recent years, some studies have reported the prevalence of ED among people with diabetes in China, however, most of these studies are limited to certain area, small sample size, or specific age period. Therefore, it is particularly important to obtain national prevalence and related factors, which can help to improve health awareness and formulate appropriate public health policies. We searched China national knowledge internet (CNKI), Wanfang database, Pubmed, and Embase database until November 11, 2022. Pooled prevalence estimates are presented visually using forest plots. For analysis of relevant risk factors, the fixed-effect model was used to combine these ORs to obtain an overall OR when there was no significant heterogeneity between studies. Otherwise, the random effects model was applied. Finally, we found that the overall prevalence of ED among Chinese males with DM was 67.2% (95% CI: 62.0-72.4%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that there was no significant variation in pooled prevalence by excluding any of the study, confirming the stability of present results. In the present meta-analysis, we also evaluated the risk factors of ED among Chinese males with DM. We found that patients’ age (OR=1.06, 95% CI [1.03-1.10]) and DM duration (OR=1.32, 95% CI [1.18-1.47]) significantly affected the risk of ED among Chinese males with DM. In conclusions, the present meta-analysis has shown an alarmingly high prevalence of ED among Chinese males with DM. Patients’ age, and the duration of DM were significantly associated with ED risk. Therefore, it is essential to inform policy and practice to reduce the current and future burden of ED among Chinese males with DM.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Dysphagia Following Cerebellar Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Yunlu , Sun Jikang , Zhu Lequn , Liu Jimin , Wu Yuwei , Chunlei Shan , Yan Juntao , Wan Ping
Published: January 2023

The cerebellum is known to play a supportive role in swallowing-related functions, however, wide discrepancies about the incidence rate of swallowing disorders following cerebellar strokes exist within the literature. This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate of dysphagia and the factors which may affect the presence of dysphagia and clinical recovery in individuals diagnosed with cerebellar stroke. A retrospective chart audit of 1651 post-stroke patients (1049 males and 602 females) admitted with a cerebellar stroke to a tertiary comprehensive hospital in China was conducted. Data of demographics, medical, along with swallowing function assessment were collected. Differences between dysphagic and non-dysphagic groups were evaluated using t-tests and Pearson’s chi-square test. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to establish factors associated with the presence of dysphagia. A total of 11.45% of participants were identified with dysphagia during inpatient admission. Individuals with mixed types of stroke, multiple lesions in the cerebellum, and ages older than 85 years old were more likely to develop dysphagia. Moreover, the prognosis of dysphagia following a cerebellar stroke was associated with lesions in different parts of the cerebellum. The cumulative recovery rate from the best to worse was: the right hemisphere group, the cerebellum vermis or peduncle group, both the hemisphere group and the left hemisphere group respectively.
Neonatal adiposity is associated with microRNAs in adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in maternal and cord blood
Authors: Kunte Pooja , Barberio Matthew , Tiwari Pradeep , Sukla Krishna , Harmon Brennan , Epstein Samuel , Bhat Dattatray , Authelet Kayla , Goldberg Madeleine , Rao Sudha , Damle Hemant , Freishtat Robert , Yajnik Chittaranjan
Published: January 2023

Background
Maternal body size, nutrition, and hyperglycemia contribute to neonatal body size and composition. There is little information on maternal-fetal transmission of messages which influence fetal growth. We analyzed adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicular (ADsEV) microRNAs in maternal and cord blood to explore their adipogenic potential.
Methods
We studied 127 mother-neonate pairs (51 lean and 76 adipose neonates, in 68 NGT and 59 GDM pregnancies). Adiposity refers to the highest tertile (T3) of sum of skinfolds in neonates of normal glucose tolerant (NGT) mothers, lean to the to lowest tertile (T1). ADsEV miRNAs from maternal and cord blood samples were profiled on Agilent 8*60K microarray. Differential expression (DE) of ADsEV miRNAs in adipose vs. lean neonates was studied before and after adjustment for maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), adiposity, and vitamin B12-folate status.
Results
Multiple miRNAs were common in maternal and cord blood and positively correlated. We identified 24 maternal and 5 cord blood miRNAs differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.1) in the adipose neonate group, and 19 and 26 respectively, in the adjusted analyses. Even though DE miRNAs were different in maternal and cord blood, they targeted similar adipogenic pathways (e.g., the forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors, mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway). Maternal GDM and adiposity were associated with many DE ADsEV miRNAs.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that the ADsEV miRNAs in mothers are potential regulators of fetal adiposity. The expression and functionality of miRNAs appears to be influenced by maternal adiposity, hyperglycemia, and micronutrient status during pregnancy.
Isometric and isokinetic strength of lower-limb muscles in female athletes during different phases of menstrual cycle: a causal- comparative study.
Authors: Pournasiri Fatemeh , Zarei Mostafa , Mainer-Pardos Elena , Rubio-Morales Ana , Nobari Hadi
Published: February 2023

Background Muscle strength is affected by different stages of the menstrual cycle in women. Since the strength of the lower limb muscles plays a significant role in the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injury, it seems necessary to study the strength of the lower limb muscles at different stages of this cycle to take preventive measures. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the isometric and isokinetic strength of lower limb muscles in female athletes at different menstrual cycle stages. Methods The present study is of a causal-comparative type. Thirty-seven female athletes in anterior cruciate ligament injury high-risk disciplines participated in this study. Isometric and isokinetic knee extensors and flexors muscle strength status including the traditional hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios were recorded at different stages of the menstrual cycle (follicular, ovulatory, luteal) by Biodex isokinetic dynamometry system 4. Then, the obtained results were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. Results Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed isokinetic and isometric strength in the knee flexor, and extensor muscles at an angular velocity of 60˚/s in the ovulatory phase are higher than the follicular and luteal ones. The strength of the muscles declined during the follicular and luteal phases (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Due to the negative effect of the follicular and luteal stages of the menstrual cycle on the strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee, the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury may increase during this period. Therefore, it is recommended that all female coaches and athletes take preventive measures during this period.
Breakthrough infection with Omicron subvariant BF.7 induces broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants including XBB lineage
Authors: Zhang Linqi , Zhang Qi , Chen Peng , Yang Ziqing , Lv Qining , Wang Han , Zhang Rui , Wang Ruoke , Li Jinqian , Shi Xuangling , Song Lifen , Liu Li , Zhang Zongjiu , Wang Hongwei , Zhang Tong , Li Hongxing , Fan Junping
Published: February 2023

Since China eased its COVID-19 response strategies in late 2022, we have been witnessing a rapid and wide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection across the major cities, including capital Beijing, where Omicron subvariant BF.7 has been dominating the infection. Here, we show that such expansion is unlikely due to a higher binding affinity of BF.7 to human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the similar binding activities were found for other Omicron subvariants tested such as BA.1, BA.5.2, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1. Additionally, through study of antibody response among six different clinical cohorts, we found that primary infection with BF.7 among the unvaccinated individuals only elicited type-specific neutralizing antibodies to the infecting virus and its close related strains. By a distinct contrast, breakthrough infection with BF.7 among the vaccinated individuals, particularly those severe cases, induced strong and broadly neutralizing antibodies to a diverse panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants and Omicron subvariants including the XBB lineage. A deeper understanding of how these broadly neutralizing antibodies were generated or boosted by BF.7 breakthrough infection will hold the key for augmenting antibody immunity against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.
SVD Based Maximum Principal Curvatures for Segmentation of Blood Vessels from Diabetic Retinopathy Fundus Images using Level Sets
Authors: N.C. Santosh Kumar , Y Radhika
Published: January 2023

Retinal fundus images provide a large amount of space for blood vessel segmentation. The result of segmentation is not only a vital indicator of diabetic retinopathy (an eye-related disease), but also a good facilitator for ophthalmologists (eye specialists or eye doctors) to carry out essential diagnostic procedures. Diabetic Retinopathy, especially in diabetic patients, is manifested when tiny blood vessels get bleed. In this paper, a novel method called Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based Maximum Principal Curvatures (SVD-PC) using Level Set Procedure, from retinal images and segmentation of blood vessel vascular structure is proposed. Here, in this proposed method, SVD, which is a mathematical technique related to vector calculus and matrix algebra, is used to efficiently deal with the complexities aroused working with green channel and filters. SVD, in our proposed method, as a pre-processing technique is effective in: (i) extracting colored feature set of blood vessel pixels from input image (ii) effectively converting feature set pixel image into gray. Later, maximum principal curvature values of those converted gray image feature set pixels are calculated in the post-processing phase, followed by ISOData Thresholding to segment the tree-shaped vasculature, which morphological operator is applied to remove the unwanted falsely segmented vessels. The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and has given segmentation accuracy of 97.8%. This proposed algorithm operated on images of STARE well as DRIVE datasets.
A systematic review on Artificial Intelligence for Forensic sex and age estimation with diagnostic imaging tools.
Authors: patyal shama , Pandey Tejasvi
Published: February 2023

Background: The article aims to study artificial intelligence and compare the results of different AI algorithms in collaboration with radio diagnostic devices for age and sex estimation for forensic benefits.
Methods: Articles published between January 2012 and April 2022 were searched using different databases. Twenty-six articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prisma guidelines were followed in the synthesis of this article.
Conclusions: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that involves computerized algorithms to dichotomize complex data. AI is widely used in diagnostic imaging to detect and quantify a clinical condition. This systematic review aimed to explain the role of AI in the diagnostic imaging modality of radiology in forensic Identification. AI technology is now widely used for age and sex estimation. Most of the AI models are based on machine learning (ML) programs, artificial neural networks (ANN), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The results of the studies are promising, providing great accuracy and decision-making. These AI-based models will act as identification tools in mass disaster and medicolegal cases. In cooperation with ML algorithms can increase the identification of unknown skeleton remains. Further improvement in AI programs and diagnostic tools is needed for better accuracy and specificity in Forensic investigations. Realistic applications of these models are needed, and the accuracy rate can be enhanced by comparing these models to different populations with wide sample sizes. Most of the studies in this review paper were conducted on healthy subjects, studies on subjects having developmental disorders should also be conducted for validation of these algorithms so that they can be used in any scenario.
Perineuronal nets support astrocytic ion and glutamate homeostasis at tripartite synapses
Authors: Tewari Bhanu , Woo AnnaLin , Prim Courtney , Chaunsali Lata , Kimbrough Ian , Engel Kaliroi , Browning Jack , Campbell Susan , Sontheimer Harald
Published: February 2023

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are dense, negatively charged extracellular matrices that cover the cell body of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons. Synapses can be embedded and stabilized by PNNs believed to prevent synaptic plasticity. We find that in cortical fast-spiking interneurons synaptic terminals localize to perforations in the PNNs, 95% of which contain either excitatory or inhibitory synapses or both. The majority of terminals also colocalize with astrocytic processes expressing Kir4.1 as well as glutamate (Glu) and GABA transporters, hence can be considered tripartite synapses. In the adult brain, degradation of PNNs does not alter axonal terminals but causes expansion of astrocytic coverage of the neuronal somata. However, loss of PNNs impairs astrocytic transmitter and K+ uptake and causes spillage of synaptic Glu into the extrasynaptic space. This data suggests a hitherto unrecognized role of PNNs, to synergize with astrocytes to contain synaptically released signals.
Controlling Upwards and Downwards Gust Loads on Aerofoils by Pitching
Authors: Angulo Ignacio Andreu , Babinsky Holger
Published: January 2023

A wing travelling at a constant angle of attack, α, experiences a large lift spike when subjected to a high-amplitude transverse gust. This study analyses the capability of a low-order model, which uses Wagner and Küssner theory, to calculate a pitch motion profile that mitigates such a lift increase. The results are analysed experimentally by towing a wing at a constant α towards a top-hat transverse gust. Throughout the gust encounter, the wing is pitched with a profile predetermined by the model. Force and flow measurements are analysed for gust ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 and angles of attack of 0, 10, 20 and 45 degrees. In addition, two gust directions are analysed: upward where the gust velocity is in the direction of positive lift, and downwards (in the opposite direction). The latter produces a large negative lift spike that can be especially dangerous for flying vehicles. Experimental results demonstrate strong mitigation, around 85%, of the gust loads up to an effective angle of attack of 60 degrees, independently of gust direction. The theories used achieve mitigation even at large perturbations and separated flows, where the assumptions used on their derivation are clearly invalid. The mitigation approach does, nevertheless, not mitigate the secondary lift peak that emerges after gust exit when the initial wing incidence exceeds 10 degrees. This secondary peak is a result of attached flow around the wing right after gust exit, which eventually develops into a LEV that sheds from the wing.
Dense SEC connection with Left Atrial Appendage Asynchrony and Mechanical Function in patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Li , Ma Changsheng , Zhao Caiming , Zhou Bingyuan
Published: January 2023

Left atrial appendage thrombi (LAAT) or dense spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) is relatively common observed on transesophageal echocardiograph (TEE) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), who need strengthen anticoagulation therapy before cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation. Nevertheless, little is known about the meaning of left atrial appendage (LAA) asynchrony and its possible associations with the formation of dense left atrial appendage spontaneous echo contrast (LAASEC). We aimed to analyze LAA global longitudinal strain (LAAGLS) and LAA mechanical function, namely mean peak atrial longitudinal strain (mPALS) and synchrony; we also sought to examine their possible relationship with LAASEC development. Methods: A retrospective study of 360 patients with NVAF was conducted. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography provides the following metrics of LAA strain: LAA strain divided the LAA wall longitudinally into six segments. Moreover, we measured the mean of peaks derived from segmental strain curves (mPALS). The LAA asynchrony was evaluated using the standard deviation of the time to positive peak longitudinal systolic strain for each of the left atrial appendage segments that were normalized to the R-R interval. Results: Patients with dense LAASEC had older age (66.43 ± 8.23 vs 62.28 ± 10.82, P = 0.002), more females (53.1% vs 36.2%, P = 0.009), more per-AF (87.2% vs 44.3%, P < 0.001), more diabetes and heart failure (26% vs 10.3%,25% vs 4.6%, both P < 0.05). The presentation on compliance dysfunction in dense LAASEC group was significant (5.40 ± 2.82 vs 12.40 ± 7.30), and higher PSD LAA (4Segments) (93.44(47.41 ~ 153.35) vs 59.00(13.71 ~ 115.25)) in dense SEC group, especially the peak time of longitudinal strain is obviously prolonged in the middle and apex segments of the left atrial appendage ( 102.50 (20.00 ~ 200.75) vs 23.00 (0.00 ~ 153.00), 19.00 (0.00 ~ 76.25) vs 0.00 (0.00 ~ 19.00), P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: NVAF patients with LAA Asynchrony have an increased dense LAASEC. Especially the peak time of longitudinal strain is obviously prolonged in the middle of LAA.
Sjogren’s, systemic lupus and relapsing polychondritis. A diverse array of autoimmune diseases in one patient. Case report and review of literature
Authors: Alamlih Laith , AL-Karaja Layth , Matar Jafar , Albakri Mutaz ,   4.	Eshraq Shalalfa
Published: January 2023

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare inflammatory disorder that affects the cartilaginous structures with variable clinical and laboratory manifestations. Although it is commonly associated with other diseases, it has been only rarely reported to be associated with either systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjogren syndrome (SS). In this report, we describe the case of a middle-aged lady who presented with right ear pain, redness, swelling and tenderness along with high inflammatory markers. She was found to have symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes along with arthritis, rash and photosensitivity. Serological workup revealed the positivity of ANA, anti-RO, U1-RNP, and anti-smith antibodies. With these clinical and serological results, she was diagnosed with RPC and with both SLE and SS, an overlap we believe was never reported before. In conclusion, RPC can be associated with other rheumatological diseases and rarely with more than a disease in one patient. Careful assessment is needed to diagnose and treat such patients.
A Mixed-Field Sources Localization Algorithm Based on High-order Cumulant Matrix Reconstruction for General Symmetric Array
Authors: Lin Wei , Jin Qiang , Ba Bin , Wang Yinsheng , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2023

Sparse arrays have obvious advantages in mixed-field localization applications because the better estimation accuracy can be obtained by using consective lags. However, existing algorithms can not fully utilize the information provided by sparse arrays. In this paper, an interpolation processing method based on atomic norm is proposed to solve the sparse array localization problem. The high-order cumulant matrix is reconstructed by the interpolation method to generate an augmented cumulant matrix without holes, which can make full use of all the lags. Then, the atomic norm minimization (ANM) method is used to recover the sparse matrix after interpolation in a gridless way. The matrix after recovery enables off-grid direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. After the interpolation reconstruction, more consecutive lags can be exploited, the degrees of freedom (DOFs) are further increased, and the DOA estimation accuracy is also improved. Numerical simulations verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the existing algorithms.
IL-17 axis is a significant driver of skin inflammation in Card14 mutant pityriasis rubra pilaris model mice
Authors: Yoshikawa Takenori , Takeichi Takuya , Hirabayashi Tetsuya , Muro Yoshinao , Miyasaka Yuki , Ohno Tamio , Akiyama Masashi
Published: February 2023

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare inflammatory keratinization disorder with perifollicular erythema, and most autosomal dominant familial cases of atypical juvenile (type V) PRP are caused by gain-of-function mutations in CARD14, which encodes caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 (CARD14). We report the first mouse model of PRP to carry a homozygous knock-in mutation, c.380G>C (p.Cys127Ser) corresponding to a PRP-causative human mutation, in CARD14. The Card14C127S/C127S knock-in mice recapitulate key aspects of human PRP, including hair follicle dilatation, follicular plugs, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, and show skin barrier dysfunction, the hyperactivation of innate immunity via the IL-36 signaling and inflammasome pathways, and the excessive activation of the IL-17 axis in the outer root sheath and interfollicular epidermis. Administering anti-IL-17A neutralizing antibody significantly attenuates the skin symptoms in mutant mice. Thus, this knock-in mouse is a valid model for further evaluating early events in the PRP pathogenesis and for developing PRP therapies.
Determination of Caffeine in Coffee samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method from selected woredas of Western Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors: Eticha Shibiru , Eskezia Meselu
Published: February 2023

In this research work caffeine content in coffee bean samples from Daroo Labu, Booke, Shanan Dhugoo, Haabro and Xuloo of Western Hararghe administrative zone of Ethiopia were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Caffeine in aqueous extract of coffee bean samples was dissolved in water (HPLC grade) to determine caffeine contents in coffee bean samples using HPLC method. The linearity of the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method obtained were R2 = 0. 9998. Limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 9.10 ppm and 27.54 ppm respectively. The caffeine concentration in coffee bean samples obtained using HPLC method was 58.7065 ppm or 1.46% (w/w), 57.7152 ppm or 1.44% (w/w), 58.23408 ppm or 1.45% (w/w), 57.59039 ppm or 1.43% (w/w), 47.79959 ppm or 1.19% (w/w) for Booke, Shanan Dhugoo, Haabro, Daroo Labu and Xuloo coffee bean samples respectively. There is no significant difference between the caffeine contents of all coffee bean samples.
Towards Optimization of Ceftazidime Dosing in Intensive Care Unit Obese Patients: the end of the “one-size-fits-all” approach?
Authors: CORREIA P. , LAUNAY M. , BALLUET R. , GERGELE L. , GAUTHIER V. , MOREL J. , BEURET P. , MARIAT C. , THIERY G. , RAGEY Sophie PERINEL
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND
Ceftazidime (CAZ) is commonly used as pivotal antibiotic against pseudomonas aeruginosa in critically ill patients. ICU patients have severely altered and variable antibiotic pharmacokinetics, resulting in lower antimicrobial concentrations and potentially poor outcome. Several factors, including obesity and renal function, may influence pharmacokinetics. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate impact of obesity and renal function on CAZ plasma concentrations and dosing regimen in ICU patients.
METHODS
All consecutive adult patients from 6 ICUs, treated with continuous CAZ infusion and under Therapeutic Drug Monitoring evaluation were included. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m². Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula. CAZ recommended levels for plasma concentrations were between 35 and 80 mg/L.
RESULTS
A total of 111 patients (45 obese), weighted 90 (±24,4) kg, were included. Mean GFR was 82 mL/min/1,73m2 (±40,3).
Recommended CAZ plasma concentrations were achieved only for 49,6% patients, with median dosing regimen of 6g/d. Obese patients had lower CAZ plasma concentrations compared to non-obese patients (37.8 vs 56.3 mg/L; p=0.0042*) despite similar dosing regimens (5.83g/d vs 5.52 g/d, p= 0.2529). Almost all Augmented Renal Clearance patients were underdosed despite CAZ dosing of 6,6g/d (±0,8). Considering weight-based CAZ dosing seemed to attenuate such obesity-related discrepancies, regardless of GFR.
CONCLUSIONS
ICU obese patients required significantly greater CAZ amount to achieve target range. Tailored dosing regimen may be considered based on weight and GFR. Future prospective studies should be performed to confirm this individualized dosing approach.
Bacteria isolated from explosive contaminated environments transform pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Avila-Arias Helena , Casallas Francy-Carolina , Arbeli Ziv , Gomez Carlos Andres Fajardo , Gutiérrez Andrea García , Ramirez Sandra Carvajal , Castillo Yohana Herrera , Tamayo-Figueroa Diana Paola , de Mesa Joaquín Benavides López , Roldan Fabio
Published: January 2023

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a nitrate ester explosive, true xenobiotic, recalcitrant and persistent compound in the environment. Our main objective was to isolate bacteria from environmental samples collected at an explosive manufacturing plant with the capacity to transform PETN (100 mg L− 1) under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions. Biotransformation of PETN was evaluated using mineral medium without (M-C) and with additional carbon (M + C) source under aerobic conditions, and with additional carbon source under anaerobic conditions. Here we report on 12 cultures (4 pure and 8 co-cultures) with the capacity to transform PETN. The highest transformation of PETN was observed for cultures in M + C under aerobic conditions, reaching up to 91 ± 2% in 2 days. Under this condition, PETN biotransformation was observer in conjunction with the release of nitrites and bacterial growth, measured as optical density and total proteins. No substantial transformation of PETN (< 45%) was observed during 21 days in M-C under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, five cultures reached up to 52 ± 13% PETN biotransformation in 160 days, concurrent with the formation of two unidentified metabolites. PETN-transforming cultures belonged toAlphaproteobacteria,Betaproteobacteria,GammaproteobacteriaandActinobacteria. In conclusion, we isolated 12 PETN-transforming cultures belonging to diverse taxa suggesting that PETN transformation is phylogenetically widespread.
Is frequent measurement of tumor markers beneficial for postoperative surveillance of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Yokota Mitsuru , Morikawa Akitaka , Matsuoka Hiroya , Muto Jun , Hashida Kazuki , Nagahisa Yoshio , Masui Toshihiko , Okabe Michio , Kitagawa Hirohisa , Kawamoto Kazuyuki
Published: January 2023

Purpose
To determine whether frequent measurement of tumor markers triggers early detection of colorectal cancer recurrence.
Methods
A total of 1,651 consecutive patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery between 2010 and 2016 were included. CEA and CA 19 − 9 were considered to be postoperative tumor markers and were measured every 3 months for 3 years, and then every 6 months for 2 years. Sensitivity analysis of elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels and multivariate analysis of factors associated with elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels were performed. The proportion of triggers for detecting recurrence was determined.
Results
The median follow-up period was 5.3 years. After applying the exclusion criteria, 1,050 patients were analyzed, 176 (16.8%) of whom were found to have recurrence. After excluding patients with persistently high preoperative CEA and CA19-9 levels from the 176 patients, 71 (43.6%) of 163 patients had elevated CEA levels and 35 (20.2%) of 173 patients had elevated CA19-9 levels. Sensitivity/positive predictive values for elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels at recurrence were 43.6%/32.3% and 20.2%/32.4%, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was a factor associated with both elevated CEA and CA19-9 levels at recurrence. Of the 176 patients, computed tomography triggered the detection of recurrence in 137 (78%) and elevated tumor marker levels in 13 (7%); the diagnostic lead interval in the latter 13 patients was 1.7 months.
Conclusion
Tumor marker measurements in surveillance after radical colorectal cancer resection contribute little to early detection, and frequent measurements are unnecessary for stage I patients with low risk of recurrence.
Occurrence and diversity of bacterioplankton in drinking water tropical reservoirs of contrasting trophic state
Authors: PANTOJA-AGREDA FERNANDO , PAJARES SILVIA
Published: February 2023

Bacteria communities play key roles within freshwater reservoirs, affecting their functioning and services. Understanding their occurrence in the reservoirs will help predict how these ecosystems change in response to human activities and climate change. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate the composition and structure of bacterioplankton in two drinking water tropical reservoirs with different trophic state in Puerto Rico: Cerrillos (mesotrophic) and Lucchetti (eutrophic). The dominant lineages were typical of freshwaters such as Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Cyanobacteria. However, the bacterioplankton composition and diversity were variable throughout the water column in both reservoirs, indicating that environmental gradients such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient create a variety of habitats that support different bacterial assemblages in these reservoirs. For example, Frankiales and Micrococcales were dominant in the metalimnion, whereas Bacillales were common in the deep layers, mainly in the anoxic zone of Lucchetti. The trophic state of these reservoirs also affects the bacterioplankton structure. Picocyanobacteria were represented mainly by Cyanobium PCC-6307, with higher abundance in Cerrillos compared to Lucchetti, indicating its preference for less eutrophic reservoirs. The detection of potentially pathogenic species, such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and A. Schindleri, and of cyanobacteria ecotypes as possible indicators of eutrophication indicate the importance of monitoring these tropical ecosystems to implement mitigation programs in eutrophic reservoirs and conservation strategies in oligotrophic reservoirs used as drinking water source.
Establishing a prognostic model based on immune-related genes and identification of BIRC5 as a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Ren Qianhe , Li Qifan , Shao Chenye , Zhang Pengpeng , Hu Zhuangzhuang , Li Jun , Wang Wei , Yu Yue
Published: February 2023

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an extraordinarily malignant tumor, with rapidly increasing morbidity and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has emerged as a hopeful therapeutic modality for lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, a prognostic model (based on immune genes) can fulfill the purpose of early diagnosis and accurate prognostic prediction.
Methods: Immune-related mRNAs (IRmRNAs) were utilized to construct a prognostic model that sorted patients into high- and low-risk groups. Then, the prediction efficacy of our model was evaluated using a nomogram. The differences in overall survival (OS), the tumor mutation landscape, and the tumor microenvironment were further explored between different risk groups. In addition, the immune genes comprising the prognostic model were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to investigatethe expression of these immune genes in different cells. Finally, the functions of BIRC5 were validated through in vitro experiments.
Results: Patients in different risk groups exhibited sharply significant variations in OS, pathway activity, immune cell infiltration, mutation patterns, and immune response. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the expression level of BIRC5 was significantly high in T cells. Cell experiments further revealed that BIRC5 knockdown markedly reduced LUAD cell proliferation.
Conclusion: This model can function as an instrumental variable in the prognostic, molecular, and therapeutic prediction of LUAD, shedding new light onthe optimal clinical practice guidelines for LUAD patients.
A characterisation study of ignimbrites of Tenerife Island employed as building stone
Authors: Valido J. A. , Cáceres J. M. , Sousa Luís
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the petrophysical properties of four ignimbrites employed as dimension stones. The natural stone under study is produced in Tenerife Island (Spain) under the commercial brand name of Piedra Chasnera and are differentiated according to their chromatic variety into: brown, violet, grey and green. In order to assess the suitability for feasible applications, it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of it properties. In this respect, mineralogical, petrographic and chemical properties were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarisation microscopy (POM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). According to the procedure described in the standardised methods, apparent density, open porosity, water absorption at atmospheric pressure, water absorption coefficient by capillary and ultrasound propagation velocity were measured. The four variants of ignimbrites were analysed and classified according to the results obtained. It was found that the properties vary depending on the depth of the stratigraphic volcanic level from which the stone is extracted. From the review of the published data it can be seen that the test results are within the expected values for this lithotype. A comparison was also made with other types of dimensional stones. The correlation analysis shows that there is a high degree of correlation between the physical properties studied.