bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International challenges and opportunities: Putting the EU’s positions into words
Authors: Orpo Petteri
Published: November 2018

Europe is facing numerous challenges, many of which are unprecedented either in their scale or in their nature. These challenges include uncertainties about the future of the liberal international order and the rise of populist movements in the West. And there are also tensions and reform pressures in the areas of international trade, climate change and extreme weather events; pressures linked to migration from the Middle East and North Africa; hybrid threats and cyberattacks; and problems related to the expected departure of the UK from the EU by the end of March 2019. During its forthcoming Council Presidency in autumn 2019, Finland will have the opportunity to propose new solutions to these and other challenges. This article argues that it is important for Europe’s leaders to clearly articulate and put into words what the EU’s positions and objectives are on the world stage. Without clear positions and objectives, the EU will not be able to represent its member states and citizens as effectively as it should.
Represented Dreams: Subversive Expressions in Chinese Social Media as Alternative Symbolic Infrastructures
Authors: Zidani Sulafa
Published: November 2018

This article examines the creation and utilization of subversive expressions by Chinese Internet users amid heavy censorship. While these expressions may potentially lead to collective resistance, so far they have not been subjected to systematic examination. A grounded analysis of 270 Weibo posts that relate to nine prevalent subversive keywords demonstrates how sporadic modes of playful civic engagement consolidate as shared symbolic infrastructures. The expressions construct a systematic “counter-hierarchical” social ladder; participants express identification with the groups that are least governmental, while clearly dissociating themselves from those connected to the regime. At the same time, the expressions reveal a set of contradictory values, shedding light on the challenges facing both “the Chinese Dream” and the prospect of social change.
Development of Competencies for Respiratory Protection for Health Care Workers
Authors: Rogers Bonnie , Buckheit Kathleen , Ostendorf Judith
Published: November 2018

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 18 million health care workers in the United States are currently employed in the health care field and at risk of infectious respiratory exposure. With the emergence of global infectious diseases such as Ebola and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), there is a need for increased and more clinically competent use of respiratory protection among healthcare workers. In an effort to improve knowledge about the practice of respiratory protection against respiratory infectious agents, a NIOSH-funded project that included an educational program, observations of HCWs, and focus groups was conducted. This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate respiratory protection educational program for HCWs and hospital management. This study identified respiratory protection practice issues among HCWs and strategies for integration of respiratory protection standards and procedures into practice. Findings from these efforts were used to develop respiratory protection competencies. Any worker who has the potential for respiratory exposure to infectious agents should be protected and should be able to demonstrate these specific competencies to achieve a standard level of respiratory protection.
Optimal Angle of the Bone Tunnel for Avoiding Axillary Nerve Injuries During Arthroscopic Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Simulation Study
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Mishra Pallav , Kataria Himanshu , Jain Vineet , Tyagi Amit Raj , Mahajan Harsh , Upadhyay Ashish Datt
Published: November 2018

Background:

Axillary nerve injury and suture cutout through the roof of the tunnel are potential complications of arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair (ATORCR).

Purpose:

To determine a safe angle of drilling for the bone tunnel during ATORCR such that the axillary nerve is not at risk. The thickness of the bone bridge over the tunnel for different angles of drilling was also determined.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The drilling of a straight tunnel was simulated on 30 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in the oblique coronal plane by drawing a straight line that passed at a “safe distance” of 5 mm from the axillary nerve and emerging at the medial border of the insertion of the rotator cuff on the greater tuberosity. The angle made by this line with the horizontal axis of the humerus was measured on 3 MRI sections: anterior (passing just posterior to the lateral lip of the bicipital groove), middle (at the most lateral point of the proximal humerus), and posterior (an equal number of cuts away from the middle section as between anterior and middle). The thickness of the overlying bone roof was measured for this line as well as for simulation lines drawn at 50°, 55°, 60°, and 65° with the horizontal axis. A “safe limit,” defined as the mean – 2SD, was also calculated.

Results:

The axillary nerve was found to be safe, with a safety margin of 5 mm, at drill angles of less than 61.1° and 60.3° in the posterior and middle sections, respectively. The safe limit value for thickness of the overlying bone roof for the tunnel drilled at 60° was 5.0 mm in the posterior section (mean, 8.2 ± 0.3 mm) and 5.5 mm in the middle section (mean, 8.1 ± 0.2 mm). In the anterior section, the minimum safe angle was 57.7°, and the mean thickness of the bone roof for the 55° angle was 6.3 ± 0.2 mm (safe limit, 3.7 mm).

Conclusion:

Straight bone tunnels in ATORCR surgery should be drilled at an angle of 60° to the horizontal axis of the humerus or 30° to the humeral shaft to ensure the safety of the axillary nerve while at the same time ensuring adequate thickness of the overlying bone roof. The anterior tunnel close to the bicipital groove should be drilled cautiously at 55° to the horizontal axis or 35° to the humeral shaft.

Clinical Relevance:

The findings of the present study will help the surgeon choose the best angle for drilling tunnels during ATORCR surgery to avoid axillary nerve injuries as well as suture cut-through without the need for any proprietary device.
Implementation of a second victim program in the neonatal intensive care unit: An interim analysis of employee satisfaction
Authors: Merandi Jenna , Winning Adrien M , Liao Nancy , Rogers Erin , Lewe Dorcas , Gerhardt Cynthia A
Published: November 2018

Background

While research has established the negative impact of medical errors or adverse events on healthcare providers, few organizations have evaluated support programs for second victims. Thus, we examined satisfaction with a peer support program to provide lessons learned from early implementation.

Methods

Participants ( N = 466) were recruited from seven neonatal intensive care units affiliated with a large, pediatric hospital. Following implementation of a peer support program, a mixed-method online survey assessed program satisfaction at 12 month follow-up ( n = 250, 54%).

Results

Most participants were female ( n = 243, 97%), white ( n = 239, 96%), and nurses ( n = 180, 72%), with an average age of 40.80 (SD = 11.89) years. Ninety-three (37%) participants observed or were directly involved in an error or adverse event during the preceding six months. Thirty-six (14%) received support from someone within the neonatal intensive care unit, and 16 (16%) had spoken with a peer supporter after the event. All users reported benefit from the interaction. However, most participants were unaware of the program or had not utilized it.

Conclusion

Findings suggested that peer support programs are likely to be viewed favorably by second victims. Healthcare providers who accessed the program felt it was a valuable resource and helped them return to work effectively after an error or adverse event. Better communication is needed during early implementation of any peer support program to increase awareness and use of this resource among healthcare providers.
Collaborating With Sonographers and Vascular Technologists to Develop Ergonomics Interventions to Address Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Sommerich Carolyn M. , Evans Kevin D. , Lavender Steven A. , Sanders Elizabeth , Joines Sharon , Lamar Sabrina , Radin Umar Radin Zaid , Yen Wei-Ting , Park SangHyun
Published: November 2018

For more than two decades, surveys of imaging technologists have consistently reported high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort (WRMSD). Yet, workplace intervention research involving sonographers is limited. In this study, a transdisciplinary team of researchers used a participatory approach to work with diagnostic medical sonographers (DMS) and vascular technologists (VT) to identify needs and opportunities for developing new approaches to work that will reduce sonographers’ exposures to WRMSD risk factors. In this paper, we describe the approach and the resulting identified needs. We also describe the prototyping and testing of two work approaches that target specific needs of DMS and VT, respectively. We would like designers, manufacturers, engineers, and ergonomists, in collaboration with sonographers and their managers, to recognize this area of opportunity and come together to apply their knowledge of biomechanics and design in developing useful and usable workplace interventions (solutions) to reduce sonographers’ WRMSD risk factor exposure.
Physical and mechanical therapies for lower limb symptoms in children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder and Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Peterson Benjamin , Coda Andrea , Pacey Verity , Hawke Fiona
Published: November 2018

Background

Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder and Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome are two common heritable genetic disorders of connective tissue. Both conditions are characterised by excessive joint range of motion and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, and are associated with joint instability, motion incoordination, decreased joint position sense, and musculoskeletal pain. Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder is the new classification for what was previously known as Joint Hypermobility Syndrome. This systematic review evaluates the evidence for physical and mechanical treatments for lower limb problems in children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder and Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PUBMED and CINAHL were searched to October 2017 for randomised controlled trials (RCT) and quasi‐RCTs evaluating physical and mechanical interventions for lower limb problems in children with hypermobility. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility for inclusion and three review authors independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. One author extracted and analysed statistical data, which were checked by a second author.

Results

Two RCTs including a total of 86 participants were eligible for inclusion. Trials evaluated differences between generalised versus targeted physiotherapy programs and between performing knee extension exercises to the neutral versus hypermobile range. There was no clear benefit of any of the physical therapies evaluated.

Conclusion

There is very limited evidence to guide the use of physical and mechanical therapies for lower limb problems in children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder and Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome. Mechanical therapies have not been evaluated in RCTs and results of the two RCTs of physical therapies do not definitively guide physical therapy prescriptions. Current studies are limited by small sample sizes and high attrition rates. No physical therapy has been compared to a sham intervention no intervention or no intervention, so overall effectiveness is unknown.
Correction to: Candidemia in a major regional tertiary referral hospital – epidemiology, practice patterns and outcomes
Authors: Teo Jocelyn Qi-Min , Candra Samuel Rocky , Lee Shannon Jing-Yi , Chia Shannon Yu-Hng , Leck Hui , Tan Ai-Ling , Neo Hui-Peng , Leow Kenneth Wei-Liang , Cai Yiying , Ee Pui Lai Rachel , Lim Tze-Peng , Lee Winnie , Kwa Andrea Lay-Hoon
Published: November 2018

The original article [1] contains an error whereby the author, Pui Lai Rachel Ee’s name is incorrectly presented.
A Methodology for Evaluating Component-Level Loss Predictions of the FEMA P-58 Seismic Performance Assessment Procedure
Authors: Cremen Gemma , Baker Jack W.
Published: November 2018

As performance-based earthquake engineering (FEMA P-58) becomes more widely adopted in design and risk analysis practice, it is important to understand the degree to which the calculations reflect reality. This article proposes a methodology for evaluating P-58 component-level loss predictions across buildings subjected to given seismic events, which involves ranking P-58 loss predictions according to categorical component damage information recorded on post-earthquake damage surveys. The methodology explicitly incorporates uncertainties in predictions and utilizes a ground shaking benchmark to determine whether P-58 analyses provide more insight into damage than variations in ground shaking between buildings. Two example applications of the methodology are provided, involving nonstructural component data from the 2011 Mw 6.1 Christchurch Earthquake, for which there is negligible variation in shaking between buildings, and the 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge Earthquake, for which there is notable variation in shaking between buildings. We find that P-58 non-structural component-level loss predictions perform better overall than the ground shaking benchmark in both cases. The methodology offers an understanding of how P-58 component-level loss predictions align with actual observed damage.
Potassium fertilization arrests malate accumulation and alters soluble sugar metabolism in apple fruit
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhang Xian , Wang Yufei , Zhang Nishang , Guo Yanping , Ren Xiaolin , Zhao Zhengyang
Published: November 2018

Effects of different potassium (K) levels, which were K0 (no fertilizer), K1 (71.5g KCl Plant−1 yr−1), K2 (286.7g KCl Plant−1 yr−1), and K3 (434g KCl Plant−1 yr−1), were evaluated based on sugar and organic acid metabolism levels from 70 to 126 days after bloom (DAB) in the developing fruit of potted five-year old apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) trees. The results indicate that K fertilization promoted greater fruit mass, higher Ca2+ and soluble solid content, and lower titratable acid content, as well as increased pH values at harvest. With the application of different levels of K fertilizer, fructose, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose accumulation rates significantly change during fruit development. Fruit in the K2 group had higher fructose, sucrose, and glucose content than those in other treatment groups at 126 DAB. These changes in soluble sugar are related to the activity of metabolic enzymes. Sucrose synthase (SS) and Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the K2 treated fruit were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups from 70-126 DAB. Malate content in K-supplemented fruit was notably lower than that in non K-supplemented fruit, and K3 treated fruit had the lowest malate content during fruit development. Cytosolic malic enzyme (ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity significantly increased in fruit under the K2 treatment during 112-126 DAB and 98-126 DAB, respectively. In addition, the Ca2+ concentration increased with increasing K fertilization levels, which promoted a maximum of 11.72 mg g−1 dry weight in apple fruit. These results show that K levels can alter soluble sugar and malate levels due to the interaction between sugars and acid-metabolic enzymes in fruit.
One-Step Conversion to a Disubstituted Cyclopentenone from 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose and Application to Synthesis of Prostaglandin E1 Methyl Ester
Authors: Kamishima Takaaki , Nonaka Toshiyuki , Watanabe Toshihiro , Koseki Yoshitaka , Kasai Hitoshi
Published: November 2018

We have developed a facile one-step conversion of 2-deoxy-d-glucose to form a disubstituted cyclopentenone through catalyst-free hydrothermal reaction under mild conditions. The use of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in one-pot conversion is to provide the formation of a carbon five-membered ring instead of the common biomass-derived furans such as furfural, 5-HMF, etc. The cyclopentenone has a potential to be a building block for the preparation of chemical products. As one example, we successfully demonstrated the synthesis of prostaglandin E1 methyl ester.
Autonomy of Folk Psychology Reconsidered
Authors: Laanpere Taavi
Published: November 2018

It has been a recurring theme in the philosophy of mind that folk psychology is autonomous. This paper has three goals. First, it aims to clarify what the term 'folk psychology' could mean in different contexts. Four widespread senses of the term are distinguished and the one eligible for autonomy is picked out. Secondly, a classic argument for autonomy is introduced and motivated. This is the argument from the normativity of folk psychology, based on its constitutive rationality. According to this argument, mentalistic concepts are to be understood as components of prescriptions for a rational course of action, rather than descriptions. Thirdly, limits of the argument from normativity are demonstrated. At best, the argument applies to merely a small segment of explanations in terms of mentalistic vocabulary, as the latter is meant to convey much more than simply normative content about the rational profile of an agent.
ON USING GUERRILLA IN BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS COMMUNICATION: THE MANAGERS’ VIEWS
Authors: Barbosa Belem , Silva Dolores , Santos Claudia Amaral , Filipe Sandra
Published: November 2018

Guerrilla marketing is an innovative approach to communicate with customers and to capture their attention essentially due to its inherent creativity, unconventional media, and low cost. Despite the interesting contributions in the literature on this topic, most of what is known about guerrilla marketing is confined to its use and impact on consumers. This study aims to fill a gap identified in the guerrilla marketing literature by conducting an exploratory research study on the propensity of performing guerrilla marketing campaigns in a Business-to-Business (B2B) context. The research objectives of this paper are (i) identifying the perceptions of B2B managers on guerrilla marketing campaigns and (ii) exploring determinants of the adoption of guerrilla marketing campaigns targeted at corporate customers.We present the results of a qualitative research study comprising 12 semi-structured interviews with managers of different business areas. A content analysis was performed using Nvivo software.Participants in this study demonstrated that B2B managers recognize and value the advantages associated with guerrilla communication, which is in many instances seen as useful and viable for the B2B sector. The propensity for adoption is dependent on internal factors such as corporate culture, managers’ and collaborators’ profiles, risk-proneness, market share, and product innovativeness, but also on the sector’s usual practices of innovation and communication. Guerrilla marketing campaigns are more appropriate for attracting new B2B customers and need to be carefully adapted to the targets' profiles and preferences.
THE ROLE OF STUDENT LOANS SUBSIDIZED BY THE STATE IN THE SLOVAK BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Barteková Mária , Šlahor Ľudomír
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyse student loans subsidized by the state in Slovakia and their role in the Slovak banking sector. There has been a slight increase in the Slovak banking market, especially the share of small and medium-sized banks. Student loans ensure equal educational opportunities for all students. Four years of a student loan provision in Slovakia can be briefly characterised as a socially oriented approach. The Slovak government, the founding owner of the Education Support Fund, has implemented numerous changes concerning the clients in the borrowing as well as in the repayment phase. The empirical analysis in this paper consists of the descriptive statistics focused on the Slovak student loan market and the financial analysis of the banking sector providing student loans in Slovakia. The most significant finding that emerged from our analysis is to provide every student enrolled in higher education with the information on accessible student loans with a low interest rates. The achieved results prove the decreasing role of student loans subsidized by the state within the Slovak banking market. However, the profitability of the Education Support Fund was significantly higher than the figure achieved by the Slovak banking sector in 2017.
PRICE AS AN INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION TOOL IN PROMOTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS
Authors: Bormane Santa
Published: November 2018

There are favourable conditions for the development of sustainable marketing in Latvia. In order to take advantage of this, businesses need to conduct market research on the need and demand for sustainable products and draw up a marketing strategy encompassing all the marketing mix elements serving the People, Planet, and Profit. Businesses need to create a well-thought approach, a sustainable product assortment and promotion and selling activities in line with sustainability conditions. The consumers of nowadays are very sensitive to any price changes, and businesses may use price changes as an IMC (integrated marketing communication) tool in communication with their consumers to help not only sell or promote new products, but also boost the sales of healthy, ecological, domestic manufactured products.The goal of the research is to study and assess the role of price as an integrated marketing communication tool for sustainability in the context of demand. The subject of the research is price as a set of IMC tools, and the object of research are the price tools for the sustainable development of food retail chains.In order to accomplish the goal and objectives of the research, the author used the results of previous studies and the following quantitative and qualitative methods of economic research: survey, comparison, and grouping. The research is based on scientific papers published by Latvian and foreign scholars, general and scientific literature, and periodicals. Within the research there an assessment was conducted, a market investigation, a comparative analysis, as well as a survey of leading specialists from Latvian food retail chains, with the MS Excel software used for data processing and analysis.The research confirmed the hypothesis that price changes as an IMC tool and the use therefore may positively affect the buyer’s market behaviour and foster the consumption of sustainable, ecological, domestic manufactured products. The results of the research are of both theoretical and practical value.
AN EVALUATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS BY STUDENTS OF CZECH AND SLOVAKIAN UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR TENDENCY TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Dvorský Ján , Petráková Zora , Jurigová Martina
Published: November 2018

The aim of this article is to compare the assessment of significance of personality characteristics of entrepreneurs in the Czech and Slovak Republic as well as the tendency of students to start entrepreneurships after graduating from university. The research sample consisted of 409 students from 14 universities studying business in the last year in the Czech Republic and 568 students from 8 universities studying in the Slovak Republic. In order to meet the paper’s aim, statistical hypotheses were formulated and validated using the Z-score method. One result is that students working in universities in the Slovak Republic are more interested that Czech students in doing business within three years after finishing their studies, unless unexpected circumstances happen in their families. More than 75% of the addressed students at the Slovak university considered endurance, expertise, responsibility and risk awareness as the most important qualities of an entrepreneur. More than 60% of Czech students have the same opinion. There are significant differences in opinions of the students from the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE FOOD BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS – LITERATURE AND RESEARCH REVIEW
Authors: Hanus Gabriela
Published: November 2018

Currently, market behaviour, including the food behaviour of consumers, shaped in societies is largely a consequence of civilizational and cultural development and the ongoing globalization process. The aim of this article is to discuss the impact of globalization on the food behaviour of consumers based on secondary sources of information published over the period of 1995-2017. The article shows theoretical aspects of globalization and the food behaviour of consumers, the globalization phenomenon in the contemporary world and the impact of globalization on the food behaviour of consumers. Across the studies covered by this paper it was found that the impact of globalization on the food behaviour of consumers is visible in such behaviour as buying food in supermarkets, eating in fast food restaurants, looking for both comfort in eating and unique experiences. However, it has also been indicated that globalization influence on creation of some moves and attitudes against it, such as preferring domestic or ecological products, slow food ideas or actions in the field of food safety.
METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CYBER RISKS: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON PATENT DATA
Authors: Klapkiv Lyubov , Klapkiv Yurij
Published: November 2018

The problem of fast-rising cyber-risks become very important in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Cyber-risks cause not only high losses but also break the chain of economic relations between companies and their customers. Besides, cyber risks change their form and structure rapidly, so the tools of risk management must be adequate. That is why the problem of cyber-risk identification and assessment has gotten attention and become so actual. The purpose of this study is to outline new approaches to identifying and estimating cyber-risks based on the dates of the World International Property Organization (WIPO).  In order to conduct our study, we will use various tools and techniques such as: citation analysis, cluster analysis, and visualization. We have analyzed the patent information from the groups of “Electric digital data processing”, “Transmission of digital information” and data processing systems or methods, specially adapted for financial purposes. In our findings, we analyze the technical and economic significance of patents.Our work has led us to conclude that the number of methods of cyber risk identification that were the objects of applications granted by WIPO has a strong connection with the number of cyber-attacks from 2010 to 2017. That is why the innovative methods that were granted have a wide spectrum of influence and could be used in different stages of risk management. We selected patents that based on cyber risk identification and assessment from the data of WIPO and divided these patents into clusters. This helps us in understanding the trends and characters of innovative activities directed to successful management of cyber risks.
INVESTMENTS IN MEDIUM, SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors: Pinkovetskaia Iuliia , Kiseleva Olga
Published: November 2018

The paper aim is an assessment of the investments into the fixed capital of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the influence on them by factors such as size categories and territorial placement. The object of the study is the consideration of all (SMEs) that are located in each of the regions of Russia. The used data is from the official statistical observation of investment data of all Russian SMEs for 2015 in 82 regions. The comparative analysis of investments in the fixed capital of SMEs is based on relative indicators: investments which are calculated per one enterprise and per employee. Modeling was based on the functions of a normal distribution. We defined the values investments in SMEs which located in all Russian regions and related to three size categories and six types of activity; revealed regularities of distribution of investments calculated per enterprise and per worker; identified the regions with low investments in SMEs. New knowledge of the investment in the fixed capital in the Russian SMEs was achieved. The results of the study, namely new knowledge and tools for assessing production activities of small and medium enterprises in the regions, are of scientific and practical importance. The methodical approach can be used in the future studies and in the education potential entrepreneurs and students. The research results can be used by government and regional authorities to monitor the efficiency of investment in fixed assets, as well as the implementation of a Federal strategy for SMEs development for the period up to 2030.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUALS AND LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Skvortsova Tatyana , Nikitina Аnna , Ansari Mustafa , Tertyshnikova Margarita
Published: November 2018

Entrepreneurial activity is pursued by large, medium and small business entities which can be introduced by individuals – individual entrepreneurs and legal entities – commercial and non-profit organizations. The entrepreneurial activity of these entities is regulated by the rules of law which may cause problems in law enforcement resulting in the improvement of legal regulation. The article provides a review of some legal regulation issues of entrepreneurial activities of non-profit organizations, the analysis of peculiarities of economic activity exercised by these organizations and covers the problems of differentiation between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial activities that individuals are engaged in. The authors analyze the problem of relations between the concepts of "entrepreneurial activity" and "income-generating activities" which requires a solution by means of elaborating a strategy for existing legislation improvement to prevent situations that violate the rights and legal interests of entities in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity.
THE SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT OF CHILDREN FROM HOMELESS SHELTERS: AN AREA OF APPLICATION OF CRITICAL REFLEXIVITY IN SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Glumbíková Kateřina , Gojová Alice , Vávrová Soňa , Gřundělová Barbora
Published: November 2018

On a global scale, the number of families with homeless children is growing. Foreign research shows that homelessness is linked to social adjustment problems. In the Czech Republic there are no surveys on social adjustment in the homeless children population. This article presents partial data from a research survey focused on the situation of homeless mothers with children residing in shelters. The article aims to find out how mothers residing with their children in homeless shelters in the city of Ostrava interpret the social adjustment of their children. The research strategy is qualitative, based on a participatory approach (cooperation with two peer researchers). 33 interviews and 6 focus groups were implemented as part of the research. The research findings also point to a close link between the situation of homelessness and social adjustment of homeless children in the Czech environment, namely as a result of the necessity of socialization in a specific environment with negative consequences on the parenting style and success in school of the children combined with their experience of domestic violence. The research findings imply in practice the need to apply the concept of critical reflexivity in social work with children from homeless shelters.
EUROPE’S BORDERS AND NEIGHBOURHOOD: GOVERNMENTALITY AND IDENTITY
Authors: Grzymski Jan
Published: November 2018

This article argues that the EU's neighbourhood policy is deeply entrenched in the Eurocentric spatial imaginaries of the EU as the universal core of and pole of attraction to its neighbours. This is especially clear in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and Eastern Partnership (EaP) concept of an asymmetrical partnership and neighbourhood. The ENP and EaP constituted the EU as a fully European core, while simultaneously othering its neighbourhood as not-fully European with an uncertain status of being between the inside and outside. This article attempts to expose how the ENP and EaP's practices draw a border for the EU/Europe and its neighbourhood with the use of specific EU policy instruments, which are not just technical or professional tools. To the contrary, these instruments hold some potential power in constituting and envisioning the EU's closest outside neighbours. This article will move beyond application-oriented research and draw on critical social theory, especially the already-existing governmentality research as well as Michel Foucault's theory of power. The article concludes with the exposed mechanisms of constructing the political and cultural space of neighbourhood (and ultimately Europe too) through the ENP and EaP's governmental rationalities of their border practices.
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF IRAQI REFUGEES IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Morávková Silvia , Mojtová Martina
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the analysis of a level of quantitative and qualitative indicators in the area of economic integration of the Iraqi refugees in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. The aim of this article is to better identify the integration process and to analyze the current results achieved in the area of economic integration of refugees.The research method is a semi-structured interview with the management of the organization and with the staff responsible for the integration of Iraqi refugees in Nitra and its surroundings. Data collection was based on the Structure of indicators of integration of immigrants into society, from the perspective of the selected indicators of economic integration. The data obtained reflects the objective and subjective perspective of the monitoring. They provide data on the number of economically active refugees in the labor market, on the possibility of recognizing their original qualification, the unemployment rate as well as the most common problems related to the employment of Iraqis.The results point to the importance of successful economic integration in relation to the overall success of the integration process. Financial security and job opportunities can be a motivation for Iraqi refugees to continue their efforts to successfully integrate into our society.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SENIORS
Authors: Pikna Jakub , Fellnerova Nikoleta , Kozubik Michal
Published: November 2018

Goal: This article focuses onthe relationship between information technologies and theiruse by senior citizens. The main objective of the research is to identify the problems that encompasssenior citizenuse of information technologies.Methods: The research sample consisted of 5 participants aged 62 years to 66 years, from which 2 participants were women and 3 were men. The research method used was a semi-structured interviews of own design.Results: The largestbarrier between information technology and senior citizens is its modernization which puts a pressure on the education of seniors in this area of technology. Communication via internet or telephone with remote family members has been shown to have a positive effecton the lives of seniors, which in turn reduces barriers between seniors and society. An important finding was that all participants in the research samplewereinterested in further development of their understanding in these areas, but lackededucational opportunities.Conclusions: We concludethat themajorproblem faced by senior citizens is the rapid advancement of modernization of information technologies, which leaves the means to educate seniorspredominantly the responsibility of family members. In the future it would be appropriate to corroborate our findings with a higher number of participants, for example in a social services home, which could bring further new insights into our results regarding the opportunities of education for senior citizens.
THE EXPERIMENTS WITH A TRANSFORMER IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Sitkey Matúš
Published: November 2018

This article describes the education of secondary school pupils in relation to a set of experiments using a school transformer and the Tesla coil.  The set of practical experiments consists of 9 that can be used in the teaching of pupils of physics at secondary school in the thematic unit relating to electricity and magnetism. Each experiment contains a description of the relevant section of the International Standard Classification of Education in which it can be used. These descriptions include a motivational title, pedagogical goals, new keywords, a device list, and a level of difficulty based on the devices used. It also includes an experimental procedure, its physical explanation and experiment note, and supplementary questions for pupils. The research focuses on increasing the interest of pupils and improving their understanding of theory on the subject of electricity and magnetism by way of theoretical lessons connected to practical experiments using the Tesla coil. The research involved a special questionnaire for evaluation using the Thurstone method, which measures the preference of the respondent group. The results are analyzed using a modified Thurstone method of paired comparison with the software, Mathematica.
ASSESSMENT OF CASE STUDY METHOD IMPLEMENTATION IN THE BUSINESS ENGLISH TEACHING
Authors: Strelchonok Angela
Published: November 2018

The paper presents research carried out with the purpose to evaluate the results of case study method implementation in the Business English language classroom with undergraduate students of RISEBA University of Business, Arts, and Technology. The research question is whether students who are taught Business English through case studies develop better linguistic competence as well as greater proficiency in both language and business communication skills than students who are taught without the use of case study method.An experiment was conducted on two equal groups during one academic semester. Each group was administered tests devised by the lecturer before and after the experiment. Data were analysed using statistical ANOVA methodology and evidence to support the hypothesis was obtained.The results of statistical analysis confirmed the hypothesis about the advantage of implementation of the case study method in the Business English language classroom.
THE INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ANEMIA IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: James Alpha , Pavliukovych Nataliia , Pavliukovych Oleksandr
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown that the presence of anemia is associated with increased short- and long-term outcomes in patients with cardio-vascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease. Decreased hemoglobin level is associated with increased mortality, increased frequency of hospitalization due to different reasons, decreased quality of life and worsening of the clinical course of the main and comorbid diseases. Knowledge about the origin of the patient’s anemia should result in its treatment and possible prevention of the rapid progression of the main cardio-vascular disease, particularly in elderly patients.OBJECTIVES: determination of the incidence and characteristic features of anemia in elderly and senile patients with chronic forms of coronary artery disease.METHODS: 1993 case reports of patients with chronic forms of coronary artery disease with comorbid anemia were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: Among all examined patients with coronary artery disease, anemia is found in nearly 70% of cases. In people after the age of 60, anemia is more common in men than in women. Only in less than a hundred case reports, the diagnosis of anemia was recorded in the final clinical diagnosis during patients’ discharge from the hospital. The incidence of anemia does not depend on the form of the chronic CAD (stable angina pectoris or cardiosclerosis).  In most patients with CAD, comorbid anemia is of a normochromic and normocytic character. Along with the progression of the severity of the comorbid anemia, a statistically significant increase of the hospitalization period is observed. In patients with CAD and comorbid anemia the frequency of hospitalizations per year is also increased.CONCLUSIONS: Chronic forms of coronary artery disease in elderly and senile patients in 69,89% of cases are complicated by comorbid anemia of different degrees of severity. In older patients with CAD, anemic syndrome is most often caused by respiratory diseases, stomach and duodenal ulcers, and cancer of various localizations. In most patients with CAD, comorbid anemia is of a normochromic and normocytic character. Concomitant anemia in patients with CAD contributes to the prolongation of the patients’ in-hospital treatment and increases the frequency of hospitalizations due to the main disease throughout the year.
THE EFFECT OF STRENGTH EXERCISE ON THICKNESS AND FUNCTION OF QUADRICEPS MUSCLE IN SPORTING AND NON-SPORTING 11-13 YEAR OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Levickienė Lina , Imbrasienė Daiva , Pocienė Monika , Jakubaitienė Vanda
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is the key factor in a child’s development and strong health. This includes physical, mental and functional body states. In Lithuania, as in the whole world, the physical activity of children is decreasing and this affects their growth and maturation.OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To evaluate the effect of exercises on the thickness and function of the quadriceps thigh muscle of sporting and non-sporting children 11-13 years of age.METHODS: The research was carried out at one of Kaunas basic schools. Two tests were performed for this purpose before and after the study. In the study, a dominant leg measuring test and the thickness, volume and strength measuring of the quadriceps thigh muscle was performed. The received data was processed using SPSS 17.0 and a mathematical calculator in Microsoft Office Excel. The study lasted 5 months and a leg muscle strengthening exercise program was performed for 30 minutes twice a week. The participants performed 30 exercises in total.RESULTS: The study involved 36 participants, which were grouped in two groups of 18 participants. Assessing the results of a study between a dominant and non-dominant leg, we found that the results of all measurements in both groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). By analyzing the results of sporting and non-sporting groups before as well as after the study and after calculation of Pearson correlation coefficients, a greater link between the measured parameters was determined in the sporting group.CONCLUSION: The results showed that the studied parameters (thickness, force and volume of the quadriceps thigh muscle) statistically increased significantly after strength exercises.
COPING AND EMOTIONAL COMFORT OF CAREGIVERS
Authors: Novysedláková Mária , Zrubáková Katarína , Magerčiaková Mariana , Moraučíková Eva
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The aim of this research is to find coping strategies for dealing with stress among caregivers who look after a chronically ill family member and to assess which of the most common emotions they are experiencing.Methods: We used a standard 28-item questionnaire Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) with Likert scale with values of 6-1 and standardized Variety habitual emotional, subjective well-being in this study (Džuka, Dalbert, 2002). The questionnaire was distributed by nurses who care for ill relatives in the  Home Care Agency. We used descriptive statistical methods.Results:  Exploratory data includes answers from 30 respondents, who were caregivers of a patient  with chronic illness at home. The average age of respondents was 66.3 years + 4,5, ranged between 56 and 71 years old. Concerning the custodies, these were the most often the  life partners - husband / wife (63 %). The average length of treatment was half a year - year (27 %). Top active strategies for coping with stress were: planning, instrumental social support, acceptance, religiosity, emotional support, with the average  from 4,65 to 4,27. The least used coping strategies were humor and drug use. Respondents experienced more frequent  negative than positive emotions - pain with average 4,30, sadness 4,24,  fear 4.23,Conclusion:  The study shows that the caregivers can select an active strategy to help them overcome difficulties while taking  care of the sick.  When assessing emotional survival, we found out that respondents had negative emotions.
ELECTROTRANSFER OF CYTOKINE GENES FOR CANCER TREATMENT
Authors: Chopra Sonam , Satkauskas Saulius
Published: November 2018

Gene electrotransfer, which designates the combination of gene transfer and electroporation, is a physical method for transfecting genes into cells and tissues. Many reports for the utilization of this techniques in animals confirmed that gene electrotransfer is a safe and efficient method. One of the major advantages of electrogene therapy is that it does not result in systemic toxicity. Gene electrotransfer (GET) of plasmids encoding cytokines has been shown to generate a potent anti-tumor effect. Delivery of plasmids encoding cytokines induces not only a local immune response but a systemic one as well.  Cytokines can be used to stimulate host inflammatory responses and immunity to cancers.  This review aims to summarize preclinically tested cytokine genes with the help of electroporation for cancer treatment.
TECHNICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF DATABASE'S SECURITY IN THE LIGHT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION
Authors: Drąg Paweł , Szymura Mateusz
Published: November 2018

In the modern era, information is not only a valuable commodity, but also a potential source of threat, especially when it comes to personal data. The implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation seeks to unify regulations and safeguards in a same manner across the EU. The following paper surveys how the legal aspects of GDPR influence the existing technical framework of databases containing personal data. In this research we want to show if the already existing technical infrastructure and safeguards implemented in databases containing personal data are sufficient and if not, if implementing new ways of protecting of data will require creating entire new system of databases or only changing of existing framework. Therefore, we combine an analysis of legal texts with a technical analysis of existing and newly implemented safeguards. While the GDPR doesn’t answer what safeguards should be implemented (in the spirit of technological neutrality), the notion of pseudonymisation of the data is strongly advocated through the Regulation. In our paper we tried to show the algorithm, which create a pseudonymisation function that can change personal data into generic data with the possibility to reverse that process ad utilise data after de-pseudonymisation. Implementing safeguards based on the following function create a more safe environment for data safekeeping, while give nearly immediate access to data for authorised person, who can reverse pseudonymisation and transform generic data once more into personal data.