bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A and vitamin D3 protect the visual apparatus during the development of dopamine-2 receptor knockout mouse model of Parkinsonism
Authors: Umar Mujittapha Sirajo , Ibrahim Badamasi Muhammed
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Dopamine-related movement disorders are associated with a loss of visual acuity. Studies have shown that chemical stimulation of the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) ameliorates movement disorders; however, the chemical stimulation is not effective when there is a deficiency of vitamin A in the cells. In the study, we examine the role of VDR and its interplay with vitamin A in impaired visual function in the dopamine deficit model.

Methods

Thirty (30) male mice with an average weight of 26 g ± (2) were divided into six group (NS,−D2,−D2 + VD D2 + VD, −D2 + VA, −D2 + (VD + VA) and −D2 + D2 groups). Dopamine deficit models of movement disorders were created using 15 mg/kg of haloperidol (−D2) injected intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. In the −D2 + (VD + VA) group, 800 IU/day of vitamin D3 (VD) and 1000 IU/day of vitamin A were concurrently used, while in the −D2 + D2 group, bromocriptine (+D2) was used as the standard treatment of the model. At the end of the treatment phase, the animals were subjected to visual water box test for visual acuity. The level of oxidative stress was measured using Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the retina and visual cortex. The level of cytotoxicity in these tissues was measured using Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, while the structural integrity of these tissues was assessed using a light microscope by assessing slide mounted sections that were stained with haematoxylin and eosin.

Results

A significant decline in time taken to reach the escape platform in the visual water box test was observed in the −D2 (p<0.005) and −D2 + D2 (p<0.05) group. In the retina and the visual cortex, a significant increase in LDH, MDA and the density of degenerating neurons was observed in the −D2 and −D2 + D2 groups. LDH level in the retina was also found to be significantly increased in (−D2 + VD, −D2 + VA, −D2 + (VD + VA). A Significant decrease in SOD was found in the retina and visual cortex of −D2 and −D2 + D2 group. In the histology of the retina, thinning of the retina, retinal fold, distortion and retinal detachment were all seen in the −D2 group. These structural alterations were not seen in other groups. Histological hallmarks of degeneration were observed in the visual cortex of the mice from the −D2 (p<0.001), −D2 + D2 (p<0.005) and −D2 + VD (p<0.05) groups only.

Conclusions

Dopamine-deficient models of movement disorders are associated with loss of visual functions, especially due to thinning of the retina, retinal fold, retinal detachment, and neurodegeneration in the visual cortex. Supplementation during the development of the model with vitamin D3 and vitamin A prevented the deterioration of the retina and visual cortex by reducing the degree of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity.
The influence of semantic predictability on transposition effects in Chinese and English
Authors: Wang Feng , Jia Guanjie , Wang Yun
Published: June 2023

Semantic predictability is one of the important factors that influence word processing and recognition. Based on the SPaM paradigm (Self-paced reading + Masked priming), the present study explores the influence of semantic predictability on TL effects in Chinese and English. The findings show that in both languages, internal and final transpositions produce priming effect in low-predictability preceding and following contexts as well as in high-predictability following contexts. From the perspective of priming magnitude, internal transposition produces greater priming effect than final transposition in English, while in Chinese, final transposition produces greater priming effect than internal transposition. In high-predictability preceding contexts, internal and final transpositions reveal significant priming effect and initial transposition produces close-to-significant-level priming effect in English, while in Chinese, no significant priming effect is observed in initial, internal or final transpositions.
Beyond the smart city: a communications-led agenda for twentyfirst century cities
Authors: McQuire Scott
Published: June 2023

Digital media technologies, from networked sensors to large video screens and mobile devices, have become pervasive urban infrastructure in the twentyfirst century. The dominant framework for understanding the integration of digital technology into urban space has been smart city discourse. In this article, I will argue that this framework, as it has so far been articulated, is inadequate to maximizing the social potential of digital urban infrastructure. Digital urban infrastructure not only changes how cities look, but how they function as social settings. I will propose the ‘communicative city’ as an alternative framework for thinking about digitally mediated cities. The communicative city offers an opportunity to consider networked urban space as a test case in which key problematics of contemporary globalized media are materially instantiated. It is the frontier zone at which everyday experiences of embodied media and new forms of communicative agency collide with powerful logics of tracing and tracking, and the widespread deployment of new forms of automation and machine learning as techniques of urban governance.
State and university tensions in Baltic higher education language policy
Authors: Rozenvalde Kerttu , Klaas-Lang Birute , Mačianskienė Nemira
Published: June 2023

This article explores state and university language policy (LP) agents in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania to illuminate their relationship and standpoints in higher education language management. Being interested in who stands for what and whose positions are legitimised, we study the higher education LPs of each state, language principles of universities, and public debates. We conceptualise active LP agents as people with power, people with expertise, people with influence, and people with interest, and consider them to exercise agency in five stages: policy initiation, involvement, influence, intervention, and implementation. By means of argumentation analysis we examine the nature of agents together with the standpoints they express. The findings reveal the central role of most of the nationally oriented state policymakers in university language management in all three settings. Other state policymakers, university administrators, staff, and students become active agents when they disagree with the policies. Agents in each setting share the overarching policy goal, but the main difference of opinion that arises among them is about agency: Should the state or universities implement higher education LPs? And is the state capable of achieving the common policy goal when it takes the task upon itself?
The degradation behaviors of optical cellulose triacetate films in alkali/acid solutions
Authors: Wang Jian’an , Fan Xiushan
Published: June 2023

In this research, the degradation behaviors of ramie-based cellulose triacetate (CTA) films in alkali or acid solutions at room temperature were assessed. Moreover, the attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR), physicochemical properties testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimeter (TG/DSC) were employed to evaluate the detailed degradation process of the CTA films, which were treated by alkali or acidic aqueous solutions. The research results demonstrated that the dominant reaction of CTA films in NaOH solution with various concentrations is deacetylation. Intriguingly, the degradation behaviors of CTA films in HCl depend on the concentration of acid. The CTA films were almost immune to HCl with the concentration less than 1 mol L−1. However, films were degraded directly when the concentration of acid was higher than 1 mol L−1. This study provides a theoretical basis and further understanding for the treatment of dumped CTA films at room temperature.
Blue light-emitting diode of Er3+-doped borate glass for optoelectronics devices
Authors: Farag Mohammed A. , Abd-Allah Khalid , Turky Gamal M. , El-Okr Mohamed M. , Abu-raia Walid A. , Saeed Aly
Published: June 2023

A blue emitter of Er3+ ions doped a host glass of a chemical composition 30B2O3–30Bi2O3–20Li2O–10BaO–10PbO was fabricated to be used in optoelectronics devices. Four proposed concentrations of Er2O3, which are 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mol%, were suggested to study the impact of Er3+ ions on the structural, thermal, and photoluminescence properties of the considered host glass, respectively. The phase checking of the produced glasses using X-ray diffraction patterns showed the amorphicity phase formation. Impact of Er3+ ions on the structural properties of the considered host glass network was extensively studied through the occurred variations in XRD patterns, density and density-based parameters, and FTIR spectra. Thermally, the considered glasses have high thermal stability and high glass formability. Optically, the optical band gap, which ranged between 2.18 and 2.56 eV, signifies that the considered glasses have a semiconducting nature. Under 540 nm excitation wavelength, three bands were emitted in the blue region at 450, 462, and 486 nm and two in the violet region at 412 and 427 nm. Chromaticity analysis through CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showed a strong blue light emission from the produced glasses. The blue light color purity of the considered glasses ranged between 90.887 and 92.324 %. Hence, the considered glasses have suitable characteristics that make them a good choice as blue light-emitting diodes in the optoelectronics devices.
Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 regulates expression of DGCR8 affecting miRNA biogenesis in gonadotrope cells
Authors: Ralston Brett A , Khan Lamia , DeVore Stanley B , Bronnenberg Trent A , Flock Joseph W , Sequoia Ari O , Thompson Paul R , Navratil Amy M , Cherrington Brian D
Published: June 2023

In brief

DGCR8 microprocessor complex, which is important for miRNA biogenesis, is regulated by peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and expression fluctuates in gonadotrope cells across the mouse estrous cycle.

Canonical miRNA biogenesis requires DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit, which helps cleave pri-miRNAs into pre-miRNAs. Previous studies found that inhibiting peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzyme activity results in increased DGCR8 expression. PADs are expressed in mouse gonadotrope cells, which play a central role in reproduction by synthesizing and secreting the luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones. Given this, we tested whether inhibiting PADs alters expression of DGCR8, DROSHA, and DICER in the gonadotrope-derived LβT2 cell line. To test this, LβT2 cells were treated with vehicle or 1 µM pan-PAD inhibitor for 12 h. Our results show that PAD inhibition leads to an increase in DGCR8 mRNA and protein. To corroborate our results, dispersed mouse pituitaries were also treated with 1 µM pan-PAD inhibitor for 12 h which increases DGCR8 expression in gonadotropes. Since PADs epigenetically regulate gene expression, we hypothesized that histone citrullination alters Dgcr8 expression thereby affecting miRNA biogenesis. LβT2 samples were subjected to ChIP using an antibody to citrullinated histone H3, which shows that citrullinated histones are directly associated with Dgcr8. Next, we found that when DGCR8 expression is elevated in LβT2 cells, pri-miR-132 and -212 are reduced, while mature miR-132 and -212 are increased suggesting heightened miRNA biogenesis. In mouse gonadotropes, DGCR8 expression is higher in diestrus as compared to estrus, which is the inverse of PAD2 expression. Supporting this idea, treatment of ovariectomized mice with 17β-estradiol results in an increase in PAD2 expression in gonadotropes with a corresponding decrease in DGCR8. Collectively, our work suggests that PADs regulate DGCR8 expression leading to changes in miRNA biogenesis in gonadotropes.
Steigerung der Anpassungsgeschwindigkeit globaler Produktionsnetzwerke
Authors: Schuh Günther , Gützlaff Andreas , Ays Julian , Rodemann Niklas
Published: June 2023

Eine hohe Anpassungsfähigkeit ist ein Schlüsselfaktor zur Steigerung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit produzierender Unternehmen. Dazu ist es notwendig die Zeit zwischen dem Auftreten einer Veränderung in globalen Produktionsnetzwerken und der Einleitung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen drastisch zu reduzieren. Unterstützung für die Netzwerkplanung bietet eine datenbasierte Früherkennung von Anpassungsbedarfen.
AutoML im Controlling
Authors: Schlicher Max , Möller Klaus
Published: June 2023

Mit der Demokratisierung von künstlicher Intelligenz bekommen auch Controller die Möglichkeit, automatisiertes Maschinelles Lernen einzusetzen. AutoML-Systeme (Automated Machine Learning) können in endnutzer- und expertenorientierte Systeme unterteilt werden. Als Startpunkt für das Controlling eignen sich endnutzerorientierte AutoML-Systeme am besten.
Externe Prüfung der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung in Deutschland
Authors: Hummel Katrin , Jasari Emira
Published: June 2023

Mit der Verabschiedung des CSR-Richtlinie-Umsetzungsgesetzes (CSR-RUG) sind Unternehmen öffentlichen Interesses mit mehr als 500 Mitarbeitenden in Deutschland seit dem Geschäftsjahr 2017 dazu verpflichtet, Nachhaltigkeitsinformationen offenzulegen. Diese Informationen müssen jedoch keiner inhaltlichen externen Prüfung unterzogen werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die externe Prüfung von Nachhaltigkeitsinformationen für den Zeitraum 2015 bis 2018 für ein Sample von 68 deutschen Unternehmen, die in den Anwendungskreis des CSR-RUG fallen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auch ohne eine explizite Pflicht zur inhaltlichen Prüfung die Häufigkeit der Prüfung von Nachhaltigkeitsinformationen im Zuge des CSR-RUG zugenommen hat.
Vom Green Controlling zur ganzheitlichen Steuerung von Nachhaltigkeit im Unternehmen
Authors: Asenkerschbaumer Stefan , Kallweit Torsten
Published: June 2023

Nicht erst seit der COVID-19-Pandemie rückt der Nachhaltigkeitsaspekt zunehmend in den Mittelpunkt der Menschen. Kaufentscheidungen werden häufiger davon abhängig gemacht, welchen Beitrag zum Gemeinwohl ein Unternehmen leistet oder wie nachhaltig ein Geschäftsmodell auch für künftige Generationen ist. Der Druck auf Hersteller und Zulieferer wächst: Nachhaltigkeit ist zum Wettbewerbsvorteil geworden. Damit ergeben sich auch neue Anforderungen an die ganzheitliche Steuerung von Nachhaltigkeit im Unternehmen. Dem Controlling kommt dabei eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Das Beispiel Bosch zeigt, wie eine langfristige, strategische Ausrichtung des wirtschaftlichen Handelns auch die Weiterentwicklung des „Green Controllings“ erfordert – und damit die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Innovationskraft des Unternehmens stärkt.
Reifegradmodell für Smart Cities
Authors: Anschütz Christian , Ebner Katharina , Smolnik Stefan
Published: June 2023

Ein besonderes Augenmerk heutiger Städte liegt auf der Einführung, Steuerung und zielgerichteten Nutzung digitaler Ressourcen. Kleinere und mittelgroße Städte, vor allem im ländlichen Raum, haben hinsichtlich ihrer Entwicklungschancen jedoch besondere Herausforderungen. Um es diesen Städten zu ermöglichen, diese zu bewältigen, wird in diesem Beitrag ein spezialisiertes Reifegradmodell vorgestellt.
Einfluss der EU-Taxonomie auf das Controlling
Authors: Harms Sören Guntram , Ahn Heinz , Clermont Marcel
Published: June 2023

Die EU-Taxonomie-Verordnung führt zu einer grundlegenden Neuordnung der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung. Obwohl die Verordnung explizit die externe Berichterstattung reguliert, sind auch diverse Auswirkungen auf das Controlling zu erwarten. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert anhand klassischer Instrumente, wie die Controlling-Funktion vor diesem Hintergrund neu aufgestellt werden kann.
An integrated approach using Bacillus subtilis B26 and essential oils to limit fungal discoloration of wood
Authors: Wang Yu , Chang Jianmin , Morrell Jeffrey J. , Freitag Camille M. , Karchesy Joseph J.
Published: June 2023

Bacillus subtilis and essential oils have been explored separately for their ability to limit colonization by wood stain and mold fungi, but neither approach has been completely effective. One alternative strategy would be to combine the bacterial biocontrol with one or more natural products extracts. In this report, the ability of combinations of B. subtilis B26 and 20 essential oils to limit fungal stain was explored on Douglas-fir sapwood wafers under controlled laboratory conditions. A number of extracts markedly improved the anti-fungal activity of B. subtilis B26, including 0.25% myrtlewood oil, 0.5% orange oil, 0.5% lime oil, and 1% Leyland cypress needles oil, which yielded improvements by 2 to 8 times. However, none of the combinations completely protected the wood from fungal attack. The results illustrate the difficulties associated with controlling the diverse array of organisms that can colonize freshly cut wood.
PUMPELLYITE FROM METABASALTS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS
Authors: Poberezhska I.V. , Matkovskyi O.I. , Slyvko Ye.M. , Dubrovskyi I.M.
Published: June 2023

In general, the pumpellyite series (hydrous silicates of Ca and Al) includes such mineral species as pumpellyite-(Al), pumpellyite-(Fe2+), pumpellyite-(Fe3+), pumpellyite-(Mg), and pumpellyite-(Mn). We studied pumpellyite from the Mesozoic metabasalts of the Ukrainian Carpathians in order to recreatethe facies conditions of mineral formation. The studied rocks are metabasalts of the Rakhivsko-Chyvchynskyi and Uholskyi magmatic complexes, which were studied using mineralogical, petrographical and petrogeochemical methods. In the rocks of the Rakhivsko-Chyvchynskyi complex, two morphological varieties of pumpellyite-(Fe) were found, while in the Uholskyi complex an intermediate mineral species between pumpellyite-(Al) and pumpellyite-(Fe2+) was found. The temperature of mineralization during the formation of pumpellyite-containing parageneses was determined: according to ternary feldspar geothermometry — 260 and 310 °C and according to chlorite geothermometry — from 170 to 320 °С. On the PT-diagram for metamorphic facies, the mineral paragenesis of both studied magmatic complexes fall into the field of prehnite-pumpellyite facies. The absence of clear pumpellyite-actinolite subfacies associations indicates that the pressure in the mineral formation system did not exceed 300 MPa.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE Fe2+ IN THE TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURAL POSITION OF Be2+ IN CRYSTALS OF NATURAL BERYL
Authors: Taran M.M. , Vyshnevskyi O.A.
Published: June 2023

Variously colored gem-quality iron-bearing beryls from two Brazilian localities, Lavra do Abilio (Minas Gerais) and Garimpo do Cercadinho (Bahia), were studied by polarized optical absorption spectroscopy and microprobe analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of Fe2+ in the tetrahedral site that is normally occupied by Be2+ along the c-axis of the crystals. This was done by measuring the intensity of the E^c-polarized electronic spin-allowed band of BeFe2+ that occurs at ~12 000 cm–1. The beryl samples from the two localities are different because crystals from Lavra do Abilio show a homogeneous distribution of Fe2+, whereas Fe2+ in Garimpo do Cercadinho beryls strongly varies along c. This indicates different physico-chemical conditions of crystallization. No correlation between BeFe2+ and Fetotal and Fe2+ at the octahedral Al-site was deteremined by microprobe analysis. The latter (VIFe2+) causes the blue color of aquamarine and the green color of "green" beryl. Heliodor centers also affect color. An analysis of weak narrow spin-forbidden bands of octahedral VIFe3+ at the nominal Al site and narrow molecular H2O (located in structural channels) vibrational modes indicates that both are distributed homogenously in both beryl types. Investigation of a light-blue synthetic hydrothermally grown beryl, which was studied as well, shows that the BeFe2+ distribution along c and perpendicular to c is constant in value.
Database of Rare Element Minerals of Ukraine
Authors: Kulchytska H.O. , Chernysh D.S.
Published: June 2023

It is shown that the concept of "rare elements" is rather conditional. The list of rare elements, as well as their selection criteria, constantly changed over time. Geochemical and mineralogical criteria gradually became closely connected with technological and economic criteria. Such criteria as insignificant distribution in the earth's crust, weak mineral formation, and the lack of large deposits were joined by technological difficulties of extraction, minimal use in technology, unprofitable extraction, or artificial shortages due to monopolization of reserves by supplying companies. The list of critical mineral raw materials, which is based on rare chemical elements, is growing every year, with almost all the elements with a clarke of less than 100 ppm being in short supply. This encourages mineralogists to look out for a wider range of carrier minerals of rare elements than it was before, thus expanding the list of rare elements. It is reasonable to group carrier minerals of rare elements not by geochemical, but by chemical properties of the elements, since similar properties are crucial for their use in the same industries. The mineral database of Ukraine includes about 900 mineral species, and in six hundred of them rare elements are species- and speciation-forming. It is suggested to divide them into the following groups: minerals of alkaline (Li, Rb, Cs), alkaline earth (Be, Sr, Ra), transition (Sc, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Re, Cd, and Hg), amphoteric (Ga, In, Sn, Tl, Bi), noble (Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Au, Ag), rare earth (Y, La, Ce and other lanthanides) and radioactive (Th, U) metals, semi-metals (B, Ge, As, Sb, Te), non-metals and halides (Se, Br, I). The database should be supplemented with minerals of such low-clarke transition elements as Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb, which are predicted to be the elements of the future. Mineral resources of Ukraine contain significant potential for expanding the database of rare element minerals and increasing the reserves of critical raw materials.
Geochemistry of Xenoliths in Rapakivi Granites of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod Pluton (Ukrainian Shield)
Authors: Shniukova K.Ye. , Tomurko L.L. , Konoval N.M.
Published: June 2023

Rapakivi of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod pluton (KNP), being the latest Precambrian granites of the central part of the Ukrainian shield, contain older acidic and intermediate rocks as xenoliths, the geochemical features of which reflect the Early Proterozoic geodynamic situation. Rapakivi granites, their differentiates and three types of xenoliths in them, represented by plagiogneiss, pink granite and charnockitoid (mangerite), were selected in the northwestern part of the KNP for geochemical studies. Analysis findings were compared with the geochemical characteristics of similar rocks of igneous and metamorphic Precambrian complexes that surround the KNP and could serve as a source of xenoliths. Based on distribution patterns of rare earth elements, lithophile elements content and their ratios relations in the rocks, taking into account their petrographic composition, it was established that plagiogneiss belongs to the upper part of the Inhul-Inhulets series, pink granite belongs to the Kirovohrad complex, and charnokitoid belongs to the intermediate rocks of the Tashlyk complex. In the latter, acid charnockitoids (enderbites) are probably younger than intermediate ones and were formed in another geodynamic setting. Pink granite, like the granites of the Kirovohrad complex, shows collisional geochemical features, in contrast to the rapakivi granites containing these xenoliths, which have predominantly within-plate geochemical characteristics. Thus, in the form of xenoliths in rapakivi those rocks were preserved that had been generated before and during the collision that occurred about 2 billion years ago and constructed a crust thickening at the site of the Inhul megablock, under subsequent extension of which about 1.75 billion years ago the KNP was intruded. Acid charnockitoids of the Tashlyk complex and rocks of the Novoukrainian complex, which are absent in xenoliths, probably were formed after the collision.
Alcohólicos anónimos como espacio de transformación de masculinidades en un pueblo mexicano
Authors: Rozo Kevin Daniel
Published: June 2023

En este artículo presento relatos de vida de miembros de Alcohólicos Anónimos (aa) de San Antonio Tepetitlán, Estado de México, que invitan a pensar que aa es un espacio de transformación de masculinidades. A partir de los datos que registré mediante el método etnográfico en el verano de 2019, concluyo que el espacio de reflexión y diálogo permanente de aa permite a varios integrantes del grupo construir paulatinamente formas alternativas de ser hombre en el pueblo, las cuales prescinden del consumo de alcohol, la solución violenta de los conflictos y la violencia contra las mujeres.
Edgar Morin e a escrita de vida
Authors: Silva Gustavo de Castro
Published: June 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de pensar a (auto)biografia a partir da metodologia da complexidade em Edgar Morin. Adepto contumaz da escrita autobiográfica, Morin produziu um grande número de obras no gênero, além disso, é autor de uma biografia sobre seu pai, Vidal Nahum. Ele misturou o gênero biografia e diário pessoal ao dedicar um livro a Edwige Agnes, de quem ficou viúvo, e com quem foi casado durante trinta anos. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica verificamos a presença do gênero autobiográfico na produção do francês. O autor compreendeu o indivíduo e a si mesmo dentro de um circuito comunicacional simultaneamente multidimensional, multirreferencial, compreensivo, aberto e inclusivo. Nossas conclusões mostram que, em Morin, existe uma “concepção sintética de vida”, fórmula extraída de Arthur Rimbaud, que consiste em 1) “resolução de viver em diversos planos” e 2) “preservar zonas livres para a poesia, a literatura, o pensamento, mas também salvar a vida privada”.
APROXIMACIÓN A LA SITUACIÓN DEL ESTADO VENEZOLANO DESDE EL CONCEPTO DE ESTADO FALLIDO
Authors: Gonzalez Perez Petrick Jeanny
Published: June 2023

En el derecho internacional surgió la noción estado fallido, para designar aquellos sistemas políticos y jurídicos con incumplimiento en su rol de gobernanza, para dar paso a la anarquía y la violencia. Para algunos autores un tecnicismo empleado para señalar a aquellos Estados incapaces de mantener una relación natural y diplomática con la comunidad internacional y que ponen en riesgo no sólo su propia seguridad interna sino también la seguridad de otros Estados. Definir al Estado fallido es una ambivalencia, caracterizada por la ambigüedad, muchos teóricos no terminan de aceptar una postura sólida sobre su definición, se narra directamente las características o indicadores, lo que finalmente ayuda a asumir si un Estado es o no fallido; para esta investigación, la falla radica en la incapacidad del sistema para garantizar la seguridad jurídica a los ciudadanos, sus derechos humanos y el brindar calidad de vida. Por ello, se busca realizar una aproximación entre el concepto de estado fallido y la situación actual de Venezuela, con la perspectiva de dimensiones pertinentes que puedan evidenciar la presencia de elementos propios de un estado que no cumple con su rol fundamental, explorando los índices de la perturbación del sistema político denominado república.
PRINCIPIOS GENERALES DEL DERECHO
Authors: Cambronero Torres Andrei
Published: June 2023

En el artículo se sostiene la tesis según la cual los PGD, más allá de una fuente, son parte de los instrumentos con los que cuenta el Derecho para llevar a cabo uno de sus fines reconocidos: la justicia, más concretamente la justicia protectiva. En lo macro, la hipótesis sostendrá que, en simultáneo, tales referentes son instrumentos para la reproducción del orden social.
MAGISTRADO RUEDA Y UN FALLO DE LA SALA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Antillón Montealegre Walter
Published: June 2023

En este trabajo se analiza la sentencia de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema Jusitica de Costa Rica, en la que se resolvió la constitucionalidad de la ley de Fortalecimiento de las Finanzas Públicas. Se hace primero una valoración del papel del juez constitucional, para luego analizar algunas falacias de la sentencia y finalmente contrastar lo resuelto con jurisprudencia comparada.
INDEPENDENCIA JUDICIAL EN LA JURISPRUDENCIA DE LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Cruz Castro Fernando
Published: June 2023

Este artículo examina la independencia judicial como derecho fundamental, desde la perspectiva de sentencias paradigmáticas emitidas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. A su vez, se reflexiona sobre la relevancia del resguardo de la independencia judicial para el fortalecimiento del Estado de Derecho y el fortalecimiento del régimen político democrático en América Latina.
PROTECCIÓN DE LAS PERSONAS EN SITUACIÓN DE CALLE POR LAS CORTES Y SALAS CONSTITUCIONALES
Authors: Miranda Bonilla Haideer
Published: June 2023

El presente estudio tiene como finalidad analizar la protección de grupos vulnerables, y en particular modo, la tutela que han recibido las personas en situación de calle, en la jurisprudencia de algunas Cortes o Tribunales Constitucionales de Costa Rica, Colombia e Italia; con la finalidad de determinar cuáles temáticas han sido analizadas, así como los retos que enfrentan desde la perspectiva del derecho constitucional.
SANEAMIENTO EPISTEMOLÓGICO DEL INSTITUTO DE ASILO Y SUS ALCANCES JURÍDICOS COMO DERECHO HUMANO
Authors: Moreno Buján Marcela
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo expone un saneamiento epistemológico del instituto de asilo, a la luz del informe que le solicitó la Secretaría de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos al Decanato de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el marco del desarrollo de la Opinión Consultiva OC-25/18, del 30 de mayo del 2018, requerida por el Estado de Ecuador.
DERECHO, SISTEMA Y LEGITIMACIÓN. LA PROPUESTA HABERMASIANA: LA SUPERACIÓN INDIVIDUALISTA DEL "SUJETO" POR LA CATEGORÍA DE LA "INTERSUBJETIVIDAD"
Authors: Cesário dos Santos Admaldo
Published: June 2023

El trabajo aborda la cuestión de la legitimidad del derecho a partir del funcionalismo, comparando los conceptos de subjetividad en las visiones de Luhmann y Habermas y de cómo puede haber una verdadera democracia en las actuales sociedades. Se toma en consideración cómo debe darse la actuación subjetiva para alcanzar esa legitimación jurídico-democrática.
CASO EICHMANN Y SUS EFECTOS CORRUPTORES EN LOS SISTEMAS GUBERNAMENTALES Y SOCIALES: UNA DISCUCIÓN INDISPENSABLE EN EL DERECHO PENAL
Authors: Vázquez Varela Froylán Francisco , Ferrari Ávila Rebeca Astrid
Published: June 2023

Adolf Eichmann fue un general del ejército nazi que enjuiciaron por crímenes en el genocidio judío y condenado por la comunidad internacional, sin embargo, las teorías arendtinas de la banalidad del mal y de la vida activa, consideran que de una manera orgánica los individuos construyen las reglas morales en la sociedad y esta hace lo mismo con los individuos, pero en algunas ocasiones el contexto social puede ser causante de amoralida en los sujetos que delinquen.

Para el Derecho penal este tema es de suma relevancia, pues con fundamento en las mencionadas teorías se puede plantear la excusa de responsabilidad del delito en el supuesto de que los sujetos con conducta delictiva tuvieran tal distorsión de la realidad en el que no les adjudican un carácter moral a las leyes o las ordenes de los sistemas gubernamentales. Por ello, en la presente investigación se hace un estudio filosófico-jurídico sobre el problema del mal, en donde se retoma la postura de Hannah Arendt y Zygmunt Bauman para poner a discusión la probable adaptación de las leyes penales para que contemplen el efecto de la banalidad del mal o la ceguera moral en las sentencias.
Una Aproximación Respecto de la Dimensión Colectiva Del Derecho de Daños: A Propósito de la denominada Responsabilidad Civil Anónima y su posible recepción en Costa Rica.
Authors: Argüello Rojas Luis Mariano
Published: June 2023

La investigación que en esta oportunidad se presenta busca trazar un marco teórico elemental respecto de una variante de la responsabilidad civil colectiva; para tales efectos, se concretiza en una dimensión teórica propia que —procedente de la experiencia jurídica— encuentra su estratégico asocio en senda doctrina jurídica comparada, todo en miras de orientar posibles respuestas indemnizatorias ante la inexistencia en Costa Rica de previsiones normativas específicas que vengan a delinear los variados supuestos factuales que abarcan los daños colectivos derivados de autores anónimos y/o indeterminados.
Las ASADAS: Un Análisis Jurídico-Práctico de su Naturaleza y sus Responsabilidades.
Authors: Cuadrado Quesada Gabriela
Published: June 2023

Este artículo analiza la figura de las Asociaciones Administradoras de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Comunales (ASADAs) en Costa Rica desde una perspectiva jurídico-práctica. Recaba su nacimiento y evolución en el ordenamiento jurídico y analiza cómo estas figuras se crearon empíricamente y cómo han evolucionado en la práctica. El artículo reflexiona sobre la importancia de redefinir jurídicamente las ASADAs, considerando sus orígenes y su naturaleza comunal. Asimismo, discute y problematiza los retos actuales de estas figuras, particularmente su nuevo papel como reguladoras del ordenamiento territorial.
Pautas para la Aplicación del Principio del Interés Superior del Niño en México.
Authors: Ramírez Bañuelos Jesús Franciso
Published: June 2023

Este texto pretende reflexionar sobre la complejidad de la aplicación en la práctica del principio del interés superior del niño. Primeramente, se presenta la conceptualización del principio. Posteriormente, se enuncian algunas interpretaciones jurisprudenciales relevantes para entender los alcances del principio del interés superior del niño en la resolución de casos concretos. Se concluye afirmando que todas las decisiones que se toman en relación con las niñas y niños deben considerar el espectro integral de su desarrollo.
La Carga Tributaria del Empresario en la Triple Funcionalidad, Socio, Directivo, Asalariado. Un Hecho Generador Tripartito
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Juan Diego , Castro Pacheco Juan Carlos , Quesada Vega Diane
Published: June 2023

El artículo desarrolla los aspectos ligados al concepto de la triple funcionalidad empresarial, situación particular que se da cuando una misma persona empresaria, cumple tres posiciones específicas en una empresa, siendo estas las de socio, directivo y asalariado de forma simultánea. Estos tres puestos conllevan consigo cargas tributarias específicas, las cuales, aunque parecen ser generadas por situaciones diferentes, cuando son analizadas a fondo, puede determinarse que su procedencia, recae sobre la misma persona física, quién en esencia, debe hacer frente a esta triple obligación, señalando así la existencia de una carga tributaria triple, paro bajo una misma condición empresarial para la persona.
NEURODERECHOS DESDE UNA ACTUALIZACIÓN A LA PRIVACIDAD MENTAL
Authors: Adán Ríos Alfredo
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo se aboca a que los neuroderechos tienen potencial para impactar de modo especial en ciertos derechos humanos tales como la privacidad, la libertad de pensamiento, la integridad mental, el derecho a no ser discriminado, el derecho a un juicio justo o el derecho a no auto incriminarse, el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos no hace ninguna referencia explícita a la neurociencia. A diferencia de otros desarrollos biomédicos y la prueba pericial en materia del neuroderecho ha logrado que ya han sido objeto de esfuerzos normativos a nivel nacional e internacional, las sigue siendo en gran medida una incógnita para el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. No obstante, las implicaciones de la neurociencia y la neurotecnología respecto de características inherentes de los seres humanos instan a una respuesta rápida y flexible del derecho en este ámbito a la privacidad mental.
Gift Exchange as a Mean of Expression of Power: The Case of Crimean-Muscovite Relations
Authors: Türk Ahmet
Published: June 2023

In the titulature, the Crimean Khans have particularly emphasized their Chinggisid origins as a proof of their legitimacy. Yasa [Chinggisid Law] and töre [tradition] also played a crucial role in domestic affairs. The political institutions and customs developed by Chinggis Khan continued to exist in the successor Khanates. The practice of demanding luxury goods as tribute from the subject peoples for the consumption of the ruling elite was one of them. In this article, I will first show that the tiş [tusk] was a developed version of the tribute dedicated for the consumption of ruling elite. Second, I will try to show why tiş should be considered as a tribute contrary to the Russian claim that it was a gift and its significance for the Crimean Tatars. Finally, I will demonstrate how the socio-political developments in the Crimean Tatar society like the growing influence of the karaçis and the service mirzas was reflected in the tiş defters [books].
Strong ESG Risk Management as a Way to Improve Organisational Resilience in Times of Crisis: An Analysis of WIG-ESG Index Constituents
Authors: Zaremba Ulyana
Published: June 2023

During the last decade sustainable investment practices have evolved significantly. ESG reporting is moving seamlessly from voluntary to mandatory. By investing in companies that score high in ESG rankings, investors hope for the organisation’s resilience to the crisis and higher returns. Due to the dynamic development of socially responsible investing both in Poland and worldwide, new indices using ESG screening criteria are being designed, which in turn are the underlying instrument for structured products. The aim of the study was to analyse the constituents of the newly created WIG-ESG index and to discuss its performance and organisational resilience in relation to ESG risk exposure and management. The research showed that the criteria for inclusion in the WIG- -ESG index should be amended to recognise companies that care about strong ESG risk management and exclude those with negligible ESG efforts. The second important issue is eligibility for inclusion. If all companies are eligible to be included in the index (ESG testing as a condition for inclusion), this will reduce the rotation of the index’s constituents and allow the relation between a company’s ESG score after each update and its long-term performance to be explored.
Análisis socio-jurídico, Comparativa de forma global, Avances y retos.
Authors: Bayón-Pérez Jessica , Llordén-Rujas Álvaro
Published: June 2023

Este estudio se ha enfocado en los desafíos y novedades jurídicas del teletrabajo y su impacto sobre el bienestar de los trabajadores y el nuevo paradigma de las relaciones laborales: teletrabajo, desconexión digital, flexibilidad y conciliación. Para ello, en primer lugar, se analiza el marco normativo que regula esta figura laboral, y los derechos y obligaciones tanto del empleador como del trabajador. A continuación, se estudian los derechos de los trabajadores referidos a la desconexión digital, las medidas de flexibilidad laboral, y el derecho a la conciliación personal y familiar con respecto a sus obligaciones profesionales. Seguidamente, se desgranan los resultados hallados con respecto al impacto y el grado de penetración del teletrabajo en el mercado laboral español, así como, su impacto en Europa, Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica. Finalmente, se realizan propuestas de mejora al modelo de teletrabajo y su legislación aplicable atendiendo especialmente a la protección de los trabajadores y sus derechos inherentes en esta modalidad, como lo son la desconexión digital, la protección de la salud mental, las medidas de flexibilización que fomenten la conciliación, la negociación colectiva transparente y el refuerzo del diálogo social.
Autoantibody Profile and Lung HRCT Scan in Systemic Sclerosis with Restrictive Lung Disease
Authors: Saragih Winda Agnestia Maranna , Dewi Sumartini , Wachjudi Rachmat Gunadi , Logito Verina , Tjandrawati Anna
Published: June 2023

Objective: To identify auto-antibodies in systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Method: This was a descriptive categorical study on auto-antibody profile in systemic sclerosis patients visiting the Rheumatology Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, West Java, and Bandung during the period of January 2018 to December 2019 who were registered in the West Java Systemic Sclerosis Registry. Auto-antibody identification was performed using the Euroline immunoblot assays.Results: Thirty six cases were identified during the study period with most of the cases involved women (n=35, 97.2%). The average age of patients participating in this study was 40 years, with an average duration of disease of 18 months. Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis was found in 22 (61.1%) cases and limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis was observed in 14 (38.9%) cases. Specific autoantibodies were positive in 33 (91.6%) cases, with anti-topoisomerase I as the largest group, positive in 22 (52.9.3%) cases. This was followed by anti-Th/To in eight (15.7%) cases; anti-Ro52 in four (7.8%) cases; anti-centromere in three (5.9%) cases; anti-RNA polymerase in three (5.9%) cases; anti-fibrillarin in three (5.9%) cases; anti-Ku in two (3.9%) cases; and anti-PDGF in one (2.0%) case. High-resolution computed tomography of the lung showed 34 (94.4%) cases with ILD and 22 (61.1%) cases with severe lung fibrosis. Usual interstitial pneumonia was seen in 19 (52.8%) cases and non-specific interstitial pneumonia in 15 (41.7%) cases.Conclusion: Anti-topoisomerase I, anti-Th/To, and anti-Ro52 are the most common autoantibodies observed in systemic sclerosis patients with ILD as the most prevalent feature detected with lung HRCT.
Perbandingan Mula Kerja Ropivacaine 0,75% dengan Levobupivacaine 0,5% untuk Blokade Peribulbar pada Pasien yang Menjalani Operasi Vitrektomi
Authors: Fahruzi Odih , Yadi Dedi Fitri , Prihartono M. Andy
Published: June 2023

Blokade peribulbar merupakan salah satu teknik anestesi regional yang dapat digunakan untuk operasi vitrektomi. Ropivakain dan levobupivakain merupakan anestetik lokal yang memiliki keunggulan durasi kerja yang lama dan tingkat komplikasi lebih rendah dibanding dengan bupivakain. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan mula kerja antara ropivakain dan levobupivakain pada blokade peribulbar. Jenis penelitian ini berupa eksperimental prospektif yang menggunakan desain double blind randomized controlled trial dengan analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Subjek terdiri dari 34 orang yang menjalani operasi vitrektomi dengan blokade peribulbar. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Maret–April 2022 di di Netra Klinik Spesialis Mata Bandung. Enam belas subjek dilakukan blokade peribulbar dengan ropivakain 0,75% dan 18 subjek mendapatkan levobupivakain 0,5%. Mula kerja rerata pada grup ropivakain 0,75% didapatkan 11,3 menit, sedangkan grup levobupivakain 0,5% rerata 7,78 menit dengan perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Volume rerata grup ropivakain 0,75% adalah 8,06±1,44 mL, sedangkan grup levobupivakain 0,5% mendapatkan volume rerata 7,00±1,79 mL. Mula kerja levobupivakain 0,5% lebih cepat dibanding dengan ropivakain 0,75%, hal tersebut kemungkinan berhubungan dengan perbedaan lipid solubilitas, ropivakain 10 kali lebih rendah lipid solubilitasnya dibanding dengan levobupivakain. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah mula kerja levobupivakain 0,5% pada blokade peribulbar lebih cepat dibanding dengan ropivakain 0,75%.
Automated assessment system as a supportive tool for teaching programming in Academic Secondary School of SUT
Authors: Wieczorek Bożena
Published: June 2023

Automated assessment systems are used in education as tools to support teaching programming and algorithms as well as preparing students for challenging informatics competitions. They reduce the teacher’s workload connected with manual verification of correctness and efficiency of computer programs. Furthermore, they enable learning of computer programming to be taken outside the traditional classroom as varied in difficulty tasks can be accessed and solved at anytime and in any place. Academic Secondary School of Silesian University of Technology has deployed an automated assessment system in order to support computer programming education. The aim of this work is to find out how students’ skills and interests in programming affect their feelings while using Szkopuł platform. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among students, and the results were analyzed in terms of the theory of transactional analysis.
Constructing own professional career by students of pedagogy
Authors: Kukla Daniel , Mielczarek Mirosław
Published: June 2023

The article presented here consists of a typical triad for research report works. The first part presents a theoretical approach to career construction. In this respect, it was based on M.L. Savickas’ constructionist theory. The second part of the article describes the methodology of the own research undertaken, the subject of which was the construction of careers by students of pedagogy. The aim of the research was to get to know the views of pedagogy students on the issue of constructing their own professional career. The research procedure was supposed to answer the question of completion: what are the views on the construction of one’s own professional career presented by students of pedagogy? The answer to the adopted research problem was searched by the form of qualitative content analysis, for which a proprietary research tool was constructed. The research was embedded in the paradigm of pragmatism, which puts emphasis primarily on the practical effectiveness of problem solving. For this reason, it was decided that the most rational methodological solution for the given research problem would be the adoption of a qualitative strategy. The last part of the article contains the results of the author’s own research, which, among other things, shows that some students of pedagogy combined their professional career with the work of a teacher/pedagogue.