bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley–type Reduction of Aromatic Aldehydes Having Other Reducible Functional Groups over a TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Fukui Makoto , Kouda Hideki , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Hashimoto Keiji , Kominami Hiroshi
Published: March 2017

Chemoselective reduction of benzaldehydes having other reducible functional groups without the use of a reducing agent such as metal hydrides is important because metal hydrides simultaneously produce a large amount of undesirable waste containing metal compounds. Here we report that a titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) photocatalyst is effective for heterogeneous Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV)‐type reduction of various benzaldehydes having reducible functional groups to corresponding benzyl alcohols at room temperature under a metal‐free condition. We also investigated the effects of physical properties of TiO2 samples on chemoselective reduction of p‐chlorobenzaldehyde (CBAD) to p‐chlorobenzyl alcohol (CBAO) and we observed a linear correlation between the amount of CBAD adsorbed and the rate of CBAO formation, suggesting that ability of TiO2 for CBAD adsorption is one of the key factors for effective MPV‐type reduction of CBAD to CBAO.
Microclimate changes in a spruce stand and meadow ecosystem during a solar eclipse in the Czech Republic
Authors: Nezval Ondřej , Pavelka Marian
Published: March 2017

The objective of this article is to verify the effects of a sudden, short‐term change in radiation conditions on microclimatic characteristics within differing ecosystems (forest and meadow) during a partial solar eclipse in spring 2015. During the phenomenon, changes were detected in all measured parameters: global radiation, short‐wave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction. It can generally be stated that changes in the meadow and at the free‐standing climatological station were more considerable than were those in the enclosed forest stand, where the microclimate was more stable. It can be further stated that even a partial solar eclipse has a substantial effect on microclimatic characteristics in various ecosystem types.
Tourism in Global Society
Authors: Meethan Kevin
Published: February 2017

There is a wealth of case study material on tourism from a variety of different disciplines, but few attempts to synthesise the broad themes into a coherent analytical framework. This book addresses this problem by analysing tourism in light of contemporary social theory. By focusing on tourism in terms of consumption, commodification, and the political and cultural economy, the relationships between tourism, globalisation, people and place are explored in an empirically grounded but theoretically informed analysis.
The collaborative assessment and management of suicide (CAMS): an important model for mental health services to consider
Authors: Galavan E.
Published: February 2017

The collaborative assessment and management of suicide (CAMS) model has been developed over 25 years providing mental health clinicians with a flexible, evidenced-based, collaborative and ethically informed way of addressing suicidality with service users. This paper briefly overviews the CAMS model and its advantages and advocates for its use in mental health services both nationally and internationally.
Effects of seasonality on drosophilids (Insecta, Diptera) in the northern part of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Coutinho-Silva R.D. , Montes M.A. , Oliveira G.F. , de Carvalho-Neto F.G. , Rohde C. , Garcia A.C.L.
Published: March 2017

Seasonality is an important aspect associated with population dynamic and structure of tropical insect assemblages. This study evaluated the effects of seasonality on abundance, richness, diversity and composition of an insect group, drosophilids, including species native to the Neotropical region and exotic ones. Three preserved fragments of the northern Atlantic Forest were surveyed, where temperatures are above 20 °C throughout the year and rainfall regimes define two seasons (dry and rainy). As opposed to other studies about arthropods in tropical regions, we observed that abundance of drosophilids was significantly higher in the dry season, possibly due to biological aspects and the colonization strategy adopted by the exotic species in these environments. Contrarily to abundance, we did not observe a seasonal pattern for richness. As for other parts of the Atlantic Forest, the most representative Neotropical species (Drosophila willistoni, D. sturtevanti, D. paulistorumandD. prosaltans) were significantly more abundant in the rainy season. Among the most abundant exotic species,D. malerkotliana, Zaprionus indianusandScaptodrosophila latifasciaeformiswere more importantly represented the dry season, whileD. simulanswas more abundant in the rainy period. The seasonality patterns exhibited by the most abundant species were compared to findings published in other studies. Our results indicate that exotic species were significantly more abundant in the dry season, while native ones exhibited an opposite pattern.
GORENSTEIN MODULES AND GORENSTEIN MODEL STRUCTURES
Authors: XU AIMIN
Published: February 2017

Given a complete hereditary cotorsion pair$(\mathcal{X}, \mathcal{Y})$, we introduce the concept of$(\mathcal{X}, \mathcal{X} \cap \mathcal{Y})$-Gorenstein projective modules and study its stability properties. As applications, we first get two model structures related to Gorenstein flat modules over a right coherent ring. Secondly, for any non-negative integern, we construct a cofibrantly generated model structure on Mod(R) in which the class of fibrant objects are the modules of Gorenstein injective dimension ≤nover a left Noetherian ringR. Similarly, ifRis a left coherent ring in which all flat leftR-modules have finite projective dimension, then there is a cofibrantly generated model structure on Mod(R) such that the cofibrant objects are the modules of Gorenstein projective dimension ≤n. These structures have their analogous in the category of chain complexes.
Association between an ectoparasitic copepod (Caligus sp.) and the monogenean Udonella cf. caligorum Johnston 1835 on a catfish population
Authors: Fogel D. , Fuentes J.L. , Soto L.M. , López C.
Published: March 2017

We analysed the association between a monogenean (Udonella cf. caligorum Johnston 1835) and its copepod host (Caligus sp.) living on a wild population of Arius herzbergii Bloch, 1794 in a north-eastern coastal lagoon from Venezuela. This study characterized infestation levels and analysed the effects of monogeneans on the fecundity and hatching success of the copepod host, as well as damage to its egg capsules and genital complex. A total of 218 Caligus specimens were analysed (94 males, 110 females and 14 immature stages) in which a total of 1017 monogeneans were found. These included 311 mature stages and 706 egg capsules. Monogenean stages were found attached to the cephalothorax, abdomen, genital complex and egg capsules of the copepods. No significant differences were found in fecundity and egg hatching when infested and non-infested ovigerous females were compared. No damage was observed on egg capsules or genital areas of infested ovigerous females. Our results suggest that this association, at the level of prevalence and intensity observed, is closer to commensalism than parasitism. The importance of considering that the nature of interaction is dynamic and changing with environmental conditions and time scale is highlighted.
Migraine and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a single-institution review
Authors: Teixido M , Baker A , Isildak H
Published: March 2017

Background:

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and migraine-associated dizziness are common. The prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo seems to be higher in patients with migraine-associated dizziness than in those without migraine.

Methods:

A database of 508 patients seen at the primary author's balance clinic was analysed to determine the prevalence of migraine, as defined by International Headache Society criteria, in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Results:

The percentage of patients with dizziness or vertigo who met criteria for migraine was 33.7 per cent, with a prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of 42.3 per cent. When excluding patients with migrainous vertigo, patients with migraine frequently had benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (66.7 per centvs55.8 per cent), although this finding was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The results for the entire sample suggest that, after excluding patients with migrainous vertigo, patients with migraine seem more likely to have benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; however, this association was not significant, probably because of the small sample size.
Some Catholic Opinions of King James VI and I
Authors: Peters Robert
Published: February 2017

“I am a Christian, who never changed that Religion, that I drank in with my milke: nor ever, I thanke God, was ashamed of my profession”, James declared in 1608, in his Apology for the Oath of Allegiance. Five years earlier he had reminded the members of his first English Parliament that as “I am no stranger to you in blood, no more am I a stranger to you in Faith, or in matters concerning the house of God. And although this my profession be according to mine education wherein (I thanke God) I sucked the milk of God’s trewth, with the milke of my nurse: yet do I here protest unto you, that I would never … have so firmly kept my first profession if I had not found it agreeable to all reason and to the rule of my conscience.”
An Englishman in Exile: A Recent Work in Recusant History
Authors: Gavin Joseph B.
Published: February 2017

It is not often that a full-length work on recusant history appears in a foreign language, and for this reason the Reverend Bruno Navarra's book in Italian, Filippo Michele Ellis: Segni e la sua Diocesi nei primi del ‘700 (Roma, Centro Studi del Lazio [1973], Piazza Montecitorio, 115), should be brought to the attention of Recusant History readers. This book on Philip Michael Ellis, O.S.B., first Vicar Apostolic of the Western District, and later Bishop of Segni in Italy, should be most welcome to anyone interested in English Catholicism during the time of James II and the early years of the eighteenth century. There has been a noticeable lack of biographical research, either general or particular, on those involved in the organization of the English Catholic Church at the end of the seventeenth century. Perhaps the time has come for a more specific picture of this period; to a very limited degree Navarra has filled some of the lacuna.
Mount St Bernard’s Reformatory, Leicestershire, 1856–81
Authors: Elliott Bernard
Published: February 2017

Bernard Burder, Abbot of the Cistercian Abbey of Mount St Bernard's, Leicestershire, from 1853 to 1858 is largely forgotten today; but for a few years in the middle of the last century his activities were important, and to a considerable extent, anticipated those of Archbishop Manning in the field of reformatory education. Burder's spiritual progress was similar to Newman's: he began life as a nonconformist, was then converted to Anglicanism and finally joined the Catholic Church one year after Newman. That same year, 1846, he entered Mount St Bernard's and on the death of its first Abbot, Dom Bernard Palmer, in 1853, was, in December of that year, elected to succeed him.
Robert Campion: Edmund Campion's Brother?
Authors: Hammer Carl I.
Published: February 2017

In a recent, short monograph, Leslie Campion has attempted to link Edmund Campion to his namesake, the son of an Edmund Campion of Sawston, Cambs., who (Edmund Sr) died in 1544. The argument, though circumstantial, is plausible. However, one piece of additional evidence is not considered—nor could the author have been aware of it. This is the Oxford apprenticeship indenture of one Robert ‘Campian’ to Christopher Noke, freemason, made on 4 October 1579, which is printed below. There Robert is identified as the son of an Edmund Campian, late of London, stationer, deceased. This, of itself, would suggest that Robert was a brother of the Jesuit, and, indeed, the newly proposed Campion pedigree indicates a Robert Campion as an older brother of Edmund. Unfortunately, this would require our apprentice to be over 40 years old! A more likely candidate is a Robert Campian, aged ca 14 years, who made a deposition before the University (Vice-) Chancellor's court on 8 January 1573 regarding William Goodyere, Under Butler of St John's College. The connection to St John's is, of course, significant, as is the apprenticeship to Noke, who was suspected of recusancy in 1577. Thus, it is tempting to join the two Oxford Roberts together and to identify him as Edmund Campion's younger brother, but, if we do, then we must look for an Edmund Sr who lived into the later 1550s at least. Additional investigation would be needed to determine where (or whether) he could be grafted on to Leslie Campion's tree, but the name ‘Robert’ requires at least a reexamination of the Witham branch, and the author himself seems to allow this possibility (p. 55). As for Robert Campian, the apprentice freemason, he cannot be traced in later Oxford records in spite of the provision for his subsequent entrance into the craft guild and the freedom of the City.
Donne’s Anglicanism
Authors: Chanoff David
Published: February 2017

Dennis Flynn has written convincingly of the Catholic sympathies of Donne's middle years. But anyone who reads through the sermons, particularly those composed after 1618, cannot fail to be convinced that in the end Donne's Anglicanism was a mature and heartfelt commitment. To understand how a man with such rooted Catholic sympathies could find his spiritual home in the English Church, we must recognise how much he needed to be engaged with others in worship, in friendship and in love.
Popish Recusants at Broughton, Lancashire, 1676
Authors: Adamson J. H.
Published: February 2017

The Catholic Record Society has just published the 1767 Returns of Papists for the diocese of Chester, which included Lancashire. For the chapelry of Broughton (pp. 144-6 in the C.R.S. volume) there is a similar return of Popish recusants made in 1676. It was compiled in response to the questions asked in the so-called Compton Census, an enquiry set up in 1676 by the Archbishop of Canterbury. It consists of nine folios listing all families in the chapelries of Broughton (including Haighton) and Barton in a first column, alongside which in a second column the names of suspected Popish recusants are repeated. To save space, the recusant names are printed here once only but in bold type. At the bottom of each folio except the first are totals for the two columns, with grand totals (636 and 192) at the end. There is a nil return for the third column, of Dissenters.
‘The Science of the Saints’: The Spirituality of Butler's Lives of the Saints
Authors: Hilton J. A.
Published: February 2017

Recent work on the history of post-Reformation English Catholicism has emphasised the central importance of spirituality but has shown that devotion, like the English Catholic community itself, has been continually changing. Challoner's works, especially hisGarden of the Soul,dominated the later eighteenth century but, though the title remained popular, the contents suffered revision. However, the contemporary work of his collaborator, Alban Butler'sLives of the Saints,with its meditation on each feast-day, remained virtually intact from its publication in 1756-59 until 1956.
Thomas Argall, Administrator of Ecclesiastical Affairs in the Tudor Church and State
Authors: Alsop James
Published: February 2017

Thomas Argall was born in or around 1500, apparently at Lambeth where his parents, John and Emme Argall, held a house and a close on the Archbishop of Canterbury's estate. Both parents were dead by 1522, when Argall, as the only son, inherited this small property and a few household goods. His family was closely associated with the Church and included a relative, William Argall, who was a cleric and probably another relative who became vicar of New Shoreham, Sussex, in 1545. Argall followed a similar career, although he remained a layman, and entered the administration of Archbishop Warham.
Charles Butler and the English Jesuits, 1770–1823
Authors: Abercrombie Nigel
Published: February 2017

Charles Butler's mother, née de Blandecque (anglice Blandyke), of a family established in Saint-Omer, was enthusiastically devoted to the Society of Jesus. His much-loved paternal uncle, Alban Butler, the hagiographer, had perhaps his own reasons for some measure of alienation from the regular clergy. In 1762, the French government expelled the Jesuits from France, and in 1766, when Charles was 16 years old, this uncle was put in charge of the English Jesuits’ college of St Omers, thus earning (I think it is not too much to say) a degree of obloquy amounting almost to the scale of vendetta, among a section of the recently-professed English Fathers.
‘Sir Thomas Heywood the Parson’ and Donne's Catholic Background
Authors: Flynn Dennis
Published: February 2017

Jonn Donne's modern biographers have had to redress an imbalance in the laconic account of his Catholic background given by his earliest biographer, Izaak Walton. For example, Baird D. Whitlock introduced the story that the priest Thomas Heywood, Donne's grand-uncle, was ‘executed’ for his faith in 1574, when Donne was two years old. Whitlock found this story in A. W. Reed's Early Tudor Drama, where Reed presumed that ‘Sir Thomas Heywood the Parson’, as he is named in his brother Richard's will, was also the subject of a note inscribed on another document relating to Richard Heywood: ‘ye 14th of June 1574, a fryar who was akin was executed’. Though this note is the only evidence of Thomas Heywood's purported execution, the story has been accepted by Donne's biographers since Whitlock, despite various contrary evidence.
An Epistle of Pious Grief: An Anti-Appellant Tract by Robert Persons
Authors: Holmes P. J.
Published: February 2017

During the Archpriest Controversy, altogether eighteen books were printed on behalf of the Appellant priests. On the other side, in defence of the Archpriest Blackwell, barely a third of this number of pamphlets appeared. The first of these anti-Appellant works to arrive in England—in the summer of 1601—was entitled The copy of a letter written to a very worshipful Catholic gentleman in England, of grief conceived about some scandalous dissension and books set forth tending to the disgracing one of another by such as labour in the same cause, know from its running-title as An epistle of pious grief. A small tract of fifty pages, written by ‘S.N.’, it is now so rare that only one copy is known to survive.
P. R. Newman and the Durham Protestations
Authors: Reid D. S.
Published: February 2017

P. R. Newman has done a useful service in tabulating the returns in the Durham Protestations (Recusant History [October 1979], pp. 148-52). Unfortunately, he has omitted the sixty-eight names of persons refusing to sign in the parish of Lanchester, a parish which on the showing of the Protestation itself had an 18% recusancy among its adult males. The inclusion of these would raise Mr Newman's figure of 452 men refusing the Protestation (excluding known non-Catholics) to 520, and the percentage in the county to just under 3.2. An even more accurate percentage might be obtained if the affirmative signatures from Bishop Auckland, a parish which failed to list the refusers, were subtracted from the total. If that were done, the percentage would rise to just over 3.2. Also it may be reasonably assumed that the percentage would be higher still if the whole adult population were taken into account. For, as the lists of prosecutions and more general indications suggest, women were more faithful and persevering adherents of the old religion than men. However, the two-to-one ratio which might be inferred from an examination of the presentments to the Sessions and the church courts probably overstates the true proportion. For this two reasons may be adduced. First, in the early Elizabethan years, when many were uncertain as to where they stood, numerous waverers allowed or perhaps encouraged their wives to take a stand for Catholicism while they themselves made at least an outward show of conformity when that was deemed necessary for the preservation of their families and possessions. Secondly, churchwardens, when pressed for presentments, apparently found that to name widows and spinsters along with vagrants gave rise to less local trouble than the naming of their fellows. Even so, though the proportion of women recusants may have been rather less than the prosecutions suggest, there can be little doubt that they outnumbered men sufficiently for one to speculate that the Catholic adult population may well have been of the order of 3.5%.
Father Henry Garnet’s Treatise of Equivocation
Authors: Malloch A. E.
Published: February 2017

In 1850, during its first year of publication, Notes and Queries printed the enquiry of one ‘J.M.’, who asked for information about a treatise of equivocation to which he had found reference in a seventeenth-century book. A number of replies in subsequent issues provided bits of information about the treatise, and called attention to a manuscript copy in the Bodleian. This flurry of items in Notes and Queries seems to have prompted David Jardine (1794-1860), who later wrote a history of the Gunpowder Plot, to prepare an edition of the treatise, which was published in 1851. Jardine composed a preface, but since he could not establish who had written the work, and was not optimistic that the matter would ever be clarified, his account is far from complete. There did, however, exist documents that could identify the author, and exactly 100 years after the appearance of Jardine's edition, an article by A. F. Allison showed conclusively that the treatise had been written by Father Henry Garnet, S.J. Since the treatise played a significant part in the history of ‘equivocation’ in England, and was a subject of controversy at the time of the Gunpowder Plot, I believe it will be useful to provide an account of what is now known about the work.
Challoner and the ‘Penny Catechism’
Authors: Crichton J. D.
Published: February 2017

The ancestry of Challoner's Abridgement of Christian Doctrine has been pretty well established by Mr Bernard Pickering in the Clergy Review of January, 1980 (Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 6-15). The ancestry of the ‘Penny Catechism’, which is partly dependent on the Abridgement, also deserves further investigation. For a full investigation, a great deal of work would have to be done. What follows is the fruit of a re-reading of the first section of the Garden of the Soul called ‘Christian Doctrine: A Summary of Faith and Practice’ and the Meditations for Every Day in the Year. Whether or not Challoner revised his Abridgement does not seem to be known, but these two books seem to have been among the sources used by what I have called the Redactors (Cf. CR, April 1978, pp. 140-6). In what follows, AB stands for the Abridgement, GS for the Garden of the Soul and Med. for the Meditations. The numbering of AB is my own, for the original is without any, and I have used the ‘Penny Catechism’ in the edition of 1905, which will not have been touched since the redaction of the second half of the nineteenth century.
The Anglican Patronage of Monmouthshire Recusants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Some Examples
Authors: Guy John R.
Published: February 2017

In the first volume of his History of Monmouthshire, Sir Joseph Bradney admitted that ‘in Monmouthshire the principles of the old Catholic faith have never been lost to a large number of people. Many families of position in this district continued to adhere to the old doctrines.’ Thomas Richards, the most scrupulous of the historians of Welsh non-conformity, not only identified the Catholics of Wales as ‘the sons and grandsons of men who had never accepted the Protestant Reformation' but from his unrivalled knowledge of the sources for seventeenth-century religious history in the principality advanced two quite startling hypotheses. The first was that there is ‘positive proof of the silent growth of Popery during Propagation and Protectorate times’ (he pointed out that in 1676 the number of Catholics recorded in Monmouthshire was ‘within sixty-six of being equal to all other dissenters in [the county] gathered into one total’); the second, a result of his searching analysis of the so-called Compton Census, was that even the figure of 541 Roman Catholics in Monmouthshire—416 in the rural deanery of Abergavenny alone—was ‘too low’.
The Beginnings of the Catholic Poor Schools in England
Authors: Marmion John P.
Published: February 2017

The extent of the achievement on the part of the Catholic community in developing its own poor schools in the last century in England can only be gauged in the light of the deprived social conditions out of which they came. So some brief mention of the plight of the majority of the Catholics is here given as an introduction to the work of the Catholic Poor School Committee (henceforth CPSC); the role of the religious orders is next considered, and the training colleges. Some indications of the growth conclude this paper.
The Establishment of the English Province of the Society of Jesus
Authors: McCoog Thomas M.
Published: February 2017

And touching our Society be it known to you that we have made a league–all the Jesuits of the world, whose succession and multitude must overreach all the practices of England–cheerfully to carry the cross you shall lay upon us and never to despair of your recovery, while we have a man left to enjoy your Tyburn, or to be racked with your torments or consumed with your prisons. The expense is reckoned, the enterprise is begun, it is of God, it cannot be withstood. So the faith was planted, so it must be restored.

The Jesuit mission to England so proudly announced by Edmund Campion in 1580 was a venture hesitantly undertaken by the Society of Jesus. There was careful, prayerful discernment not only before Father General Everard Mercurian decided in its favour but also throughout its subsequent growth and development. According to the Formula of the Institute, in a sense the Jesuit rule, the purpose and goal of the Society was twofold: the salvation and sanctification of both the individual Jesuits and of their fellow men and women. The entire thrust of Ignatian spirituality was the consideration of the first in so far as it advanced the second. Ignatius urged that all the ordinary practices and customs of religious life be considered in the context of the apostolate and either executed or modified in so far as they advanced the order’s goals. Because of the stress that Ignatius had placed on the Society’s works, he was reluctant to prescribe any universally binding spiritual practices. Indeed, among the wide powers granted to the General in the order’s Constitutions was that to grant dispensations ‘in particular cases which require such dispensation, while he takes account of the persons, places, times, and other circumstances.’
The Manual of 1614
Authors: Crichton J. D.
Published: February 2017

In recent years, students of recusancy have begun to turn their attention to the inner life of the Catholic community, a development much to be welcomed; and it is understandable that for the most part the centre of interest has been what is called the spiritual life. Influences coming from St. Francis of Sales and St. Teresa of Avila have been traced, and Augustine Baker has rightly been the subject of much study. What needs further investigation, I believe, is the devotional life of the ordinary person, namely the gentry and their wives and daughters in their country houses, especially in the seventeenth century. There were also those who towards the end of the century increasingly lived in London and other towns without the support of the ‘patriarchal’ life of the greater families. No doubt, many were unlettered, and even if they could read they were probably unused to handling anything but the simplest of books. It would be interesting to know what vernacular prayers they knew and said, how they managed to ‘hear Mass’, as the phrase went, what they made of the sacrament of penance, and what notions about God and Jesus Christ they entertained. Perhaps the religious practice of the unlettered is now beyond recall, but something remains of the practice of those who used the many Primers and Manuals that are still extant.
Canon Henry Taylor, Spanish Habsburg Diplomat
Authors: Loomie Albert J.
Published: February 2017

Nearly fifty years ago, Joseph Lefèvre, the distinguished editor of the correspondence of the Spanish court with the Low Countries, pointed out the unusual career of Henry Taylor. As an accredited diplomat at Whitehall for six years during the regime of the sovereign Archdukes, Taylor’s letters were sampled by Lefèvre for his perspective on the court of Charles I and for illustrations of the differences in policy between the Archduchess Isabella and her nephew Philip IV. While foreign princes occasionally employed Englishmen to represent their interests in London, it was striking that an English Catholic born in Douai would be selected during the period of the penal laws. Lefèvre’s study was hardly the full story, for Taylor’s diplomatic service to the Spanish crown was longer, more varied and more significant than has hitherto been recognized. Furthermore, his career as a chaplain at the court of the governor at Brussels, which ended in his promotion to be the dean of Antwerp cathedral, deserves attention. Because of his unusual background, it will not cause surprise that during more than thirty years in Spanish service he encountered at different times, and for particular political motives, suspicions and hostility that limited his achievement.
Blanco White’s Evidence
Authors: Murphy Martin
Published: February 2017

In his Lectures on the Present Position of Catholics in England, published in 1851, John Henry Newman examined the evidence against Catholicism of two witnesses: Joseph Blanco White and Maria Monk. Of Blanco he could speak from his own experience. He was, he said, ‘a man of great talent, various erudition and many most attractive points of character… I admired him for the simplicity and openness of his character, the warmth of his affections, the range of his information, his power of conversation, and an intellect refined, elegant and accomplished. I loved him from witnessing the constant sufferings bodily and mental, of which he was the prey, and for his expatriation on account of his religion… He was certainly most bitter-minded and prejudiced against everything in and connected with the Catholic Church; it was nearly the only subject on which he could not brook opposition; but this did not interfere with the confidence I placed in his honour and truth’. Newman went on to contrast Blanco’s character with that of Maria Monk. ‘Whatever the one said was true, as often as he spoke to facts he had witnessed, and was not putting out opinions or generalising on evidence; whatever the other said was, or was likely to be, false… Yet the truth spoken against us by the man of character is forgotten, and the falsehood spoken against us by the unworthy woman lives’.
The Caldey Monks and the Catholic Press, 1905–1913
Authors: Kollar Rene M.
Published: February 2017

Aelred Calyle (1874–1955) devoted his entire life as an Anglican to the establishment of Benedictine monasticism in the Church of England. Monastic life had attracted him early: as a medical student in London he joined a brotherhood in 1893; he often visited Buckfast Abbey, where he almost converted to Roman Catholicism; and in 1898 he took private vows of poverty, chastity and obedience according to the Rule of Saint Benedict. In the same year, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Frederick Temple, sanctioned his solemn profession as an Anglican Benedictine monk. Four years later, Temple also signed a charter which commissioned Carlyle to found an Anglican monastery and appointed him as its abbot. With the approbation of William Maclagan, the Archbishop of York, Bishop Charles Grafton ordained him a priest on 15 November 1904, in his American diocese of Fond- du-Lac. Along with archiepiscopal sanction and orders, Carlyle also enjoyed the patronage of Lord Halifax, the prominent Anglo-Catholic. In 1902, Carlyle accepted Halifax’s invitation to settle at his estate at Painsthorpe in Yorkshire.
The Secret Treasure of Chaigley
Authors: Bamber J.E.
Published: February 2017

At the little church of St. Robert’s at Catforth in the Fylde of Lancashire is preserved a remarkable collection of relics of penal times. The most important is a human head, so often referred to as a ‘skull’ that I shall use the terms here quite indiscriminately, though it still contains, even in its decayed and mutilated state, many parts over and above those of a mere skull. The next most important is a small missal of 1570, on the fly-leaf of which was once inserted a reference to ‘our martyr’. These two items are, as I believe, the only ones likely to be of positive use in reconstructing the case. But with them is preserved a whole collection of other articles in the form of Mass-vestments, altar-cloths, linen, etc., dating variously from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries, a number of which bear yellow or brown stains.
Who Wrote the Martyrium … Cornelii Dovenii, Cologne, 1614?
Authors: Millettt Benignus
Published: February 2017

This short note is a belated answer to a request from David Rogers and Antony Allison. Some ten years ago they told me that they had discovered two copies of a hitherto-unknown passio of Bishop Conor O’Devany which had been published as a small quarto volume of twelve folios two years after his martyrdom. This is the Martyrium Rmi. D. F. Cornelii Dovenii, Dunensis et Connerensis episcopi, ex Seraphica D. Francisci Reg. Observant. familia assumpti, et R. D. Patritii Luchrani, Presbyteri, Dublinii in Hybernia, sub Arthuro Chichestriensi Prorege Anno M.D.CXII. 1. Februarii Dublinii faeliciter consummatum, Coloniae Agrippinae, excudebat Arnoldus Kempensis, 1614. I examined the copy preserved among the rare books in the British Library in London (shelf number G 5546). In addition to this and the copy in the Bibliothèque Mazarine in Paris, four other copies have been traced by them in recent years.
The Cambridge Converts and the Oxford Movement
Authors: Morris Kevin L.
Published: February 2017

When, in 1905, G. W. E. Russell commented on converts to Catholicism in the period preceding the zenith of the Oxford Movement, he mentioned six names: three of these were the ‘Cambridge Converts’ Ambrose Phillipps [de Lisle], George Spencer and Kenelm Henry Digby. These permutations,’ he said, ‘were regarded as mere eccentricities, and no one dreamed that they were likely to have any effect upon the Church.’ Did they have any effect on Anglicanism via their point of contact, the Oxford Movement? What were their motives in respect of the Tractarians, and how did they relate to each other as a group? These converts—Spencer and Digby in particular have largely been ignored—illustrate the range of Catholic attitudes to Anglicanism, while Digby represents the main body of Catholic opinion, which was suspicious of Anglo-Catholicism.
The Embassy of Sir Anthony Standen in 1603
Authors: Hicks L.
Published: February 2017

By the very timely theft of Standen's letter to Persons, 27 December, 1603, the original was in the hands of Cecil before Standen ventured to go to Court. As soon as he appeared there, without being allowed to see either the King or Queen, he was taken to the Council Chamber, there to be questioned before several councillors, including Cecil himself. He was asked first, if he had ever directly or indirectly treated with a person of a religion different to that of the state, which he boldly denied; secondly, if he had ever been present publicly at Mass in Italy during his mission; and finally, if he had ever written to any religious and in particular to Persons. Once again he answered by a denial and especially as regards the Jesuit, whom he knew, he said, to be very disaffected to his Majesty. Thereupon Cecil showed him the actual letter of 27 December which he had written to Persons; and not being able to repudiate it, Standen fell upon his knees, begged for pardon and confessed to having rosaries and papal gifts for the Queen. He was, accordingly, sent first to the Fleet and thence to the Tower, and it was thought that he was in serious danger of his life.
Plowden, Englefield and Sandford: II 1585–1609
Authors: Parmiter Geoffrey De C.
Published: February 2017

The Queen does not seem to have made any permanent grant of the Englefield property before the attainder of Sir Francis, but by letters patent dated 10 December 1585 she granted a lease of the land formerly held by Plowden at Shiplake, and of some land in Berkshire, to Andrew Blunden and Plowden's two sons, Edmund and Francis, for their lives and the life of the survivor. A year later, by letters patent dated 8 August 1586, she granted to Humphrey Foster and George Fitton, a lease for forty years of substantial parts of the property of Sir Francis. The lease comprised land at Up Rossall, Udlington, Yagdon and Yeaton in Shropshire, extensive property at Englefield, Tidmarsh, Burghfield, Sindlesham, Tilehurst, Hartridge and elsewhere in Berkshire, and land at Shiplake except that granted to Blunden and the two Plowden brothers. It is quite possible, and even likely, that Foster and Fitton held this lease for the benefit of young Francis Englefield, as on 14 August 1587 they held a court baron in Shropshire ‘at the special instance of Francis Englefield’. If that were the case, it would explain young Englefield's subsequent attempts to exercise the rights of a beneficial owner, not only in respect of the land he inherited from his father but in respect of that of Sir Francis as well.
Catholic Royalist Activists in the North, 1642–46
Authors: Newman P. R.
Published: February 2017

Dr Keith Lindley, in his article in Politics, Religion and The English Civil War (‘The Part Played by the Catholics’), resurrected the thorny issue of Catholic neutralism during the Civil War. Using statistical analyses based upon the records of the Committees for Advance of Money and for Compounding, he argued that for the most part Catholics kept themselves to themselves, avoiding both sides, and enduring the War with resignation. What he most certainly demonstrated, in the areas of the country he selected, was that the records he consulted do indeed convey that impression.
Fuga Saeculi or Holy Hatred of the World: John Donne and Henry Hawkins
Authors: Evetts-Secker Josephine
Published: February 2017

Many of the devotional works written for English Catholics, at home and in exile, assure the weary pilgrim that the battle will end and the soul will be at peace; or that in the midst of it there can be inner quietness; or that man must flee the conflict altogether and engage in a different kind of warfare, the Pauline struggle within oneself. The emphasis in all of them is that here is no abiding city, or state, or régime. This world was shown to be full of alarms and omens and disasters as well as vanities and temptations. Man's safety and peace lay in eschewing the world altogether, either literally or symbolically.
Conformity Certificates Among The King's Bench Records: A Calendar
Authors: Clarke Dorothy M.
Published: February 2017

Conformity Certificates are to be found among the Recorda of the King's Bench in the Public Record Office, London (Class K.B. 145). I have been asked by the Public Record Office to make it clear that these documents are not generally accessible to the public; indeed, they are not easy to consult, being dirty, crumpled and many torn, though in only one case was the name of a recusant completely lost, being torn off, without occurring again in the certificate. The greater part of the Recorda are writs to sheriffs or justices, but among them there are also to be found inquisitions, memoranda, some accounts for repairs to the King's Bench, recognizances of debts, copies of pleas coram Rege, depositions of witnesses, orders to commit the children of felons to the parish, accounts of misdemeanours, and Gaol Deliveries. Conformity Certificates form only a small part of the whole.
The Economic Consequences of Recusancy in Elizabethan Worcestershire
Authors: Burke Vincent
Published: February 2017

How far were recusants affected financially by the Elizabethan penal statutes? Given that only a small proportion of fines was collected or reached the Exchequer, it may be that the question is scarcely worth discussing. It is nearly always assumed that Elizabethan Catholics suffered economic hardships; it has been suggested that their chief disability was not the fines but continuous exclusion from public office (1), and also that their plight was so desperate that they had no alternative save rebellion (2). Such conjectures can only be tested by examining the fortunes of recusant gentry at the local level; and Worcestershire, with its record of Catholic conspiracies culminating in the Gunpowder Plot, provides the right circumstances for such an examination.
The Oath Tendered
Authors: Forster Ann M.C.
Published: February 2017

During the two and a half centuries after the Reformation, at almost every political crisis, Catholics were confronted with the demand that they should bind themselves with an oath to deny some principle of their religion; and the consequences, if they refused, could be severe: loss of property, sometimes total, imprisonment, even death. It seems worth while therefore, to survey the various circumstances under which this trial took place.
The English College, Rome Under Italian Secular Administration, 1773–1798
Authors: Laird Anthony
Published: February 2017

The Venerable English College in Rome was a product of the Counter-Reformation, which transformed the old English Hospice into a seminary second only to Douai in its importance for the mission. The nineteenth century was also a period of great vigour, when its alumni exercised considerable influence on the development of the Catholicism of the ‘Second Spring’ from their positions in the restored hierarchy, and when there grew up a style of seminary administration and of ‘Englishness abroad’ which was to last well into the present century and vestiges of which still remain.
British Diplomatic Relations with the Holy See, 1793–1830
Authors: Morrissey Thomas
Published: February 2017

All societies are propped up by conscious and subconscious mythologies about their own origins, and about their mission within the larger world community. Anglo-Saxon mythology about its origins and development, and the position of Roman Catholicism in relation to this mythology, made entering into diplomatic relations with the Sovereign of the Roman States and head of the Roman Catholic Church a very long and delicate process. English Protestants regarded Catholicism as a mixture of anathema, superstition, and papal despotism; and everything that was English and precious was opposed to that terrible and oppressive Romanism which the genius of England had overthrown. England was a model for the world of constitutional liberty, of law and order, or prosperity and mortality; Romanism represented little other than the perversion of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. England prided itself on the literary, social, economic, and political accomplishments of English civilisation; Romanism conjured up images of immoral monks with vast wealth, Babington and Guy Fawkes, Titus Oates and Jesuitical casuistry, James II and monarchical tyranny. England was proud of her constitutional heritage, a heritage with deep roots in the forests of Germany; from the same Germany came the messiah who freed England from the idolatry of Rome; and on the throne of England sat a German constitutional monarch, bound by oath to uphold the Protestant succession. Roman Catholicism was linked with indolent Italians, immoral Frenchmen, and barbarous Irish; with craftiness, and the horrors of the confessional box. Memories of the Armada and Bloody Mary's persecutions, visions of Huguenots burning on St Bartholomew's Day, were still vivid in popular consciousness, and Foxe's Book of Martyrs was high on the best-seller lists.
The Irish Student Diaspora in the Sixteenth Century and the Early Years of the Irish College at Salamanca
Authors: Mooney Gary
Published: February 2017

‘Ireland was the only country where the Counter-Reformation succeeded against the will of the head of state.’ Why was this? Obviously, the English Government's neglect of education and the Catholic clergy's awareness of its importance was one reason. Obviously, too, the Counter-Reformation got under way in Ireland before the Reformation made a religious impact. Again, the quality of the reformed clergy sent to Ireland was poor and they made little effort to learn Gaelic or to translate the scriptures into the national language until very late in the century. But perhaps most important of all is the fact that in Gaelic Ireland the Reformation was inextricably linked with the expropriation of lands and the abolition of traditional rights and customs. Hence, defence of one's land and of one's religion became so intertwined as to be almost inseparable; and this, I suspect, rather than any appreciation of theological distinctions, was decisive. A number of the clergy of the Counter-Reformation, most of them educated in the Irish colleges on the Continent, were at pains not only to underline the ‘heresies’ in the new teaching and to instruct the people in the spirit of Tridentine Catholicism, but also to link the struggle against the ‘gall’, the English conqueror, with the European religious struggle.
The Correspondence of Edward Coleman, 1674–78
Authors: Miller John
Published: February 2017

The popular acceptance (among Protestants) of Titus Oates's allegations of a Popish Plot owed much to the apparent confirmation provided first by the murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey and second by the discovery of Edward Coleman's letters. Godfrey's murder has challenged the ingenuity of both historians and the writers of detective fiction, but Coleman's letters have received far less attention. Yet their historical importance was considerable. Apart from apparently confirming Oates's story, they seemed to implicate James, Duke of York, in projects designed to bring in Catholicism and absolutism with the aid of Louis XIV and the Pope. They thus gave support and impetus to the movement to exclude James from the throne. One reason why most historians have made little sense of the letters is that they are often obscure and allusive and were not printed in a logical order. A second reason is that most historians have considered the letters only in relation to the Plot. This is true of Professor Kenyon, for example, who has produced much the best analysis so far. But the letters almost all date from 1674–76 and can be understood fully only in the context of the events of those years. In this article I shall use the letters and other evidence to try to give an account of Coleman's activities from the start of his correspondence in 1674 until his execution in 1678. In the process, I shall try to assess James's involvement in Coleman's intrigues.
Catholic Officers in the Navy of James II
Authors: Gooch L.
Published: February 2017

Shortly after his accession, James II introduced in England a scheme, already begun in Ireland, of dispensing Catholic army officers from the Test Act of 1673. This encroachment of the penal laws was controversial and James, therefore, turned to the courts for a legal opinion on his use of the royal prerogative. In Godden v. Hales (1686) the judges upheld the king’s right to dispense with the law in particular cases. Despite this decision, however, public and Service opinion remained hostile to the idea of placing Catholics in the armed forces. James took action against a clergyman, Samuel Johnson, who published a pamphlet addressed to all soldiers and sailors telling them not to associate with ‘idolatrous and bloody Papists who fight for the Mass book and to burn the Bible’.