bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circadian regulation of developmental synaptogenesis via the hypocretinergic system
Authors: Du Xu-Fei , Li Fu-Ning , Peng Xiao-Lan , Xu Bing , Zhang Yu , Li Guang , Liu Taole , Li Ying , Wang Han , Yan Jun , Du Jiu-Lin
Published: June 2023

The circadian clock orchestrates a wide variety of physiological and behavioral processes, enabling animals to adapt to daily environmental changes, particularly the day-night cycle. However, the circadian clock’s role in the developmental processes remains unclear. Here, we employ the in vivo long-term time-lapse imaging of retinotectal synapses in the optic tectum of larval zebrafish and reveal that synaptogenesis, a fundamental developmental process for neural circuit formation, exhibits circadian rhythm. This rhythmicity arises primarily from the synapse formation rather than elimination and requires the hypocretinergic neural system. Disruption of this synaptogenic rhythm, by impairing either the circadian clock or the hypocretinergic system, affects the arrangement of the retinotectal synapses on axon arbors and the refinement of the postsynaptic tectal neuron’s receptive field. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the developmental synaptogenesis is under hypocretin-dependent circadian regulation, suggesting an important role of the circadian clock in neural development.
Pressure-controlled magnetism in 2D molecular layers
Authors: Huang Yulong , Pathak Arjun K. , Tsai Jeng-Yuan , Rumsey Clayton , Ivill Mathew , Kramer Noah , Hu Yong , Trebbin Martin , Yan Qimin , Ren Shenqiang
Published: June 2023

Long-range magnetic ordering of two-dimensional crystals can be sensitive to interlayer coupling, enabling the effective control of interlayer magnetism towards voltage switching, spin filtering and transistor applications. With the discovery of two-dimensional atomically thin magnets, a good platform provides us to manipulate interlayer magnetism for the control of magnetic orders. However, a less-known family of two-dimensional magnets possesses a bottom-up assembled molecular lattice and metal-to-ligand intermolecular contacts, which lead to a combination of large magnetic anisotropy and spin-delocalization. Here, we report the pressure-controlled interlayer magnetic coupling of molecular layered compounds via chromium-pyrazine coordination. Room-temperature long-range magnetic ordering exhibits pressure tuning with a coercivity coefficient up to 4 kOe/GPa, while pressure-controlled interlayer magnetism also presents a strong dependence on alkali metal stoichiometry and composition. Two-dimensional molecular interlayers provide a pathway towards pressure-controlled peculiar magnetism through charge redistribution and structural transformation.
Clinical outcomes of de novo metastatic HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Garrido-Castro Ana C. , Regan Meredith M. , Niman Samuel M. , Nakhlis Faina , Remolano Claire , Rosenbluth Jennifer M. , Block Caroline , Warren Laura E. , Bellon Jennifer R. , Yeh Eren , Harrison Beth T. , Troll Elizabeth , Lin Nancy U. , Tolaney Sara M. , Overmoyer Beth , Lynce Filipa
Published: June 2023

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive form of breast cancer that presents as de novo metastatic disease in 20–30% of cases, with one-third of cases demonstrating HER2-positivity. There has been limited investigation into locoregional therapy utilization following HER2-directed systemic therapy for these patients, and their locoregional progression or recurrence (LRPR) and survival outcomes. Patients with de novo HER2-positive metastatic IBC (mIBC) were identified from an IRB-approved IBC registry at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Clinical, pathology, and treatment data were abstracted. Rates of LRPR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and pathologic complete response (pCR) were determined. Seventy-eight patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2019 were identified. First-line systemic therapy comprised chemotherapy for most patients (97.4%) and HER2-directed therapy for all patients (trastuzumab [47.4%]; trastuzumab+pertuzumab [51.3%]; or trastuzumab emtansine [1.3%]). At a median follow-up of 2.7 years, the median PFS was 1.0 year, and the median OS was 4.6 years. The 1- and 2-year cumulative incidence of LRPR was 20.7% and 29.0%, respectively. Mastectomy was performed after systemic therapy in 41/78 patients (52.6%); 10 had a pCR (24.4%) and all were alive at last follow-up (1.3–8.9 years after surgery). Among 56 patients who were alive and LRPR-free at one year, 10 developed LRPR (surgery group = 1; no-surgery group = 9). In conclusion, patients with de novo HER2-positive mIBC who undergo surgery have favorable outcomes. More than half of patients received systemic and local therapy with good locoregional control and prolonged survival, suggesting a potential role for local therapy.
Recombinant lipidated FLIPr effectively enhances mucosal and systemic immune responses for various vaccine types
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Shu , Chen Mei-Yu , Hsu Chia-Wei , Tsai Yu-Wen , Chiu Fang-Feng , Hsu Cheng-Lung , Lin Chang-Ling , Wu Chiao-Chieh , Tu Ling-Ling , Chiang Chen-Yi , Liu Shih-Jen , Liao Ching-Len , Chen Hsin-Wei
Published: June 2023

Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitor protein (FLIPr) is an immune evasion protein produced by Staphylococcus aureus, and FLIPr is a potential vaccine candidate for reducing Staphylococcus aureus virulence and biofilm formation. We produced recombinant lipidated FLIPr (rLF) to increase the immunogenicity of FLIPr and showed that rLF alone elicited potent anti-FLIPr antibody responses to overcome the FLIPr-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis. In addition, rLF has potent immunostimulatory properties. We demonstrated that rLF is an effective adjuvant. When an antigen is formulated with rLF, it can induce long-lasting antigen-specific immune responses and enhance mucosal and systemic antibody responses as well as broad-spectrum T-cell responses in mice. These findings support further exploration of rLF in the clinic as an adjuvant for various vaccine types with extra benefits to abolish FLIPr-mediated immunosuppressive effects.
A battery dataset for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
Authors: Bills Alexander , Sripad Shashank , Fredericks Leif , Guttenberg Matthew , Charles Devin , Frank Evan , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian
Published: June 2023

Electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft have a unique duty cycle characterized by high discharge currents at the beginning and end of the mission (corresponding to takeoff and landing of the aircraft) and a moderate power requirement between them with no rest periods during the mission. Here, we generated a dataset of battery duty profiles for an electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft using a cell typical for that application. The dataset features 22 cells, comprising a total of 21,392 charge and discharge cycles. 3 of the cells use the baseline cycle while each of the other cells vary either charge current, discharge power, discharge duration, ambient cooling conditions, or end of charge voltage. While it was designed to mimic the expected duty cycle of an electric aircraft, this dataset is relevant for training machine learning models on battery life, fitting physical or empirical models for battery performance and/or degradation, and countless other applications.
K-EmoPhone: A Mobile and Wearable Dataset with In-Situ Emotion, Stress, and Attention Labels
Authors: Kang Soowon , Choi Woohyeok , Park Cheul Young , Cha Narae , Kim Auk , Khandoker Ahsan Habib , Hadjileontiadis Leontios , Kim Heepyung , Jeong Yong , Lee Uichin
Published: June 2023

With the popularization of low-cost mobile and wearable sensors, several studies have used them to track and analyze mental well-being, productivity, and behavioral patterns. However, there is still a lack of open datasets collected in real-world contexts with affective and cognitive state labels such as emotion, stress, and attention; the lack of such datasets limits research advances in affective computing and human-computer interaction. This study presents K-EmoPhone, a real-world multimodal dataset collected from 77 students over seven days. This dataset contains (1) continuous probing of peripheral physiological signals and mobility data measured by commercial off-the-shelf devices, (2) context and interaction data collected from individuals’ smartphones, and (3) 5,582 self-reported affect states, including emotions, stress, attention, and task disturbance, acquired by the experience sampling method. We anticipate the dataset will contribute to advancements in affective computing, emotion intelligence technologies, and attention management based on mobile and wearable sensor data.
Curated and harmonized gut microbiome 16S rRNA amplicon data from dietary fiber intervention studies in humans
Authors: Rodriguez Cynthia I. , Keshavarzian Ali , Hamaker Bruce R. , Liu Feitong , Lunken Genelle R. , Rasmussen Heather , Zhou Hongwei , Tap Julien , Swanson Kelly S. , Ukhanova Maria , Leclerc Marion , Gotteland Martin , Navarrete Paola , Kovatcheva-Datchary Petia , Dahl Wendy J. , Martiny Jennifer B. H.
Published: June 2023

Next generation amplicon sequencing has created a plethora of data from human microbiomes. The accessibility to this scientific data and its corresponding metadata is important for its reuse, to allow for new discoveries, verification of published results, and serving as path for reproducibility. Dietary fiber consumption has been associated with a variety of health benefits that are thought to be mediated by gut microbiota. To enable direct comparisons of the response of the gut microbiome to fiber, we obtained 16S rRNA sequencing data and its corresponding metadata from 11 fiber intervention studies for a total of 2,368 samples. We provide curated and pre-processed genetic data and common metadata for comparison across the different studies.
PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Authors: Felden Janine , Möller Lars , Schindler Uwe , Huber Robert , Schumacher Stefanie , Koppe Roland , Diepenbroek Michael , Glöckner Frank Oliver
Published: June 2023

The information system PANGAEA provides targeted support for research data management as well as long-term data archiving and publication. PANGAEA is operated as an open access library for archiving, publishing, and distributing georeferenced data from earth and environmental sciences. It focuses on observational and experimental data. Citability, comprehensive metadata descriptions, interoperability of data and metadata, a high degree of structural and semantic harmonization of the data inventory as well as the commitment of the hosting institutions ensures the long-term usability of archived data. PANGAEA is a pioneer of FAIR and open data infrastructures to enable data intensive science and an integral component of national and international science and technology activities. This paper provides an overview of the recent organisational, structural, and technological advancements in developing and operating the information system.
Interpretable deep learning for diagnosis of fungal and acanthamoeba keratitis using in vivo confocal microscopy images
Authors: Essalat Mahmoud , Abolhosseini Mohammad , Le Thanh Huy , Moshtaghion Seyed Mohamadmehdi , Kanavi Mozhgan Rezaei
Published: June 2023

Infectious keratitis refers to a group of corneal disorders in which corneal tissues suffer inflammation and damage caused by pathogenic infections. Among these disorders, fungal keratitis (FK) and acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) are particularly severe and can cause permanent blindness if not diagnosed early and accurately. In Vivo Confocal Microscopy (IVCM) allows for imaging of different corneal layers and provides an important tool for an early and accurate diagnosis. In this paper, we introduce the IVCM-Keratitis dataset, which comprises of a total of 4001 sample images of AK and FK, as well as non-specific keratitis (NSK) and healthy corneas classes. We use this dataset to develop multiple deep-learning models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to provide automated assistance in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of confocal microscopy in infectious keratitis. Densenet161 had the best performance among these models, with an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 93.55%, 92.52%, 94.77%, and 96.93%, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of deep learning models to provide automated diagnostic assistance for infectious keratitis via confocal microscopy images, particularly in the early detection of AK and FK. The proposed model can provide valuable support to both experienced and inexperienced eye-care practitioners in confocal microscopy image analysis, by suggesting the most likely diagnosis. We further demonstrate that these models can highlight the areas of infection in the IVCM images and explain the reasons behind their diagnosis by utilizing saliency maps, a technique used in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to interpret these models.
Acute rotavirus infection is associated with the induction of circulating memory CD4+ T cell subsets
Authors: Malamba-Banda Chikondi , Mhango Chimwemwe , Benedicto-Matambo Prisca , Mandolo Jonathan J. , Chinyama End , Kumwenda Orpha , Barnes Kayla G. , Cunliffe Nigel A. , Iturriza-Gomara Miren , Jambo Kondwani C. , Jere Khuzwayo C.
Published: June 2023

Strong CD4+ T cell-mediated immune protection following rotavirus infection has been observed in animal models, but its relevance in humans remains unclear. Here, we characterized acute and convalescent CD4+ T cell responses in children who were hospitalized with rotavirus-positive and rotavirus-negative diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi. Children presenting with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection had higher proportions of effector and central memory T helper 2 cells during acute infection i.e., at disease presentation compared to convalescence, 28 days post-infection defined by a follow-up 28 days after acute infection. However, circulating cytokine-producing (IFN-γ and/or TNF-α) rotavirus-specific VP6-specific CD4+ T cells were rarely detectable in children with rotavirus infection at both acute and convalescent stages. Moreover, following whole blood mitogenic stimulation, the responding CD4+ T cells were predominantly non-cytokine producers of IFN-γ and/or TNF-α. Our findings demonstrate limited induction of anti-viral IFN-γ and/or TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells in rotavirus-vaccinated Malawian children following the development of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection.
Reliability prediction and evaluation of communication base stations in earthquake prone areas
Authors: Li Xueming , Wei Yao , Ming Zheng , Cong Hao , Zheng Xuanyu , Chang Qihai
Published: June 2023

One of the primary tasks for effective disaster relief after a catastrophic earthquake is robust communication. In this paper, we propose a simple logistic method based on two-parameter sets of geology and building structure for the failure prediction of the base stations in post-earthquake. Using the post-earthquake base station data in Sichuan, China, the prediction results are 96.7% and 90% for the two-parameter sets and all parameter sets, respectively, and 93.3% for the neural network method sets. The results show that the two-parameter method outweighs the whole parameter set logistic method and the neural network prediction and can effectively improve the accuracy of the prediction. The weight parameters of two-parameter set by the actual field data significantly show that the failure of base stations after earthquake is mainly due to the geological differences where the base stations are located. It can be envisioned that if the geological distribution between the earthquake source and the base station is parameterized, the multi-parameter sets logistic method can not only effectively solve the failure prediction after earthquakes and the evaluation of communication base stations under complex conditions, but also provide site selection evaluation for the construction of civil buildings and power grid towers in earthquake-prone areas.
Analysis of the impact of green urban areas in historic fortified cities using Landsat historical series and Normalized Difference Indices
Authors: Moreno M. , Ortiz P. , Ortiz R.
Published: June 2023

Urban green areas minimize the negative effects of climatic change and improve the sustainability of historic cities. Despite this, green areas have traditionally been considered a threat to heritage buildings because they cause humidity changes, that accelerate degradation processes. Within this context, this study evaluates the trends in the inclusion of green areas in historic cities and the effects it causes on humidity and conservation of earthen fortifications. To achieve this goal, vegetative and humidity information has been obtained since 1985 from Landsat satellite images. The historical series of images has been statistically analysed in Google Earth Engine to obtain maps that show the means, 25th, and 75th percentiles of the variations registered in the last 35 years. The results allow visualizing spatial patterns and plotting the seasonal and monthly variations. In the decision-making process, the proposed method allows to monitor whether the presence of vegetation is an environmental degradation agent in the nearby earthen fortifications.The analysis of the historic fortified cities of Seville and Niebla (Spain) shows a gradual increase in green areas and an interest in locating them near the earthen fortifications. The impact on the fortifications is specific to each type of vegetation and can be positive or negative. In general, the low humidity registered indicates low danger, and the presence of green areas favours drying after heavy rains. This study suggests that increasing green spaces to historic cities does not necessarily endanger the preservation of earthen fortifications. Instead, managing both heritage sites and urban green areas together can encourage outdoor cultural activities, reduce the impacts of climate change, and enhance the sustainability of historic cities.
Self-organizing neural network for reproducing human postural mode alternation through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Shen Keli , Li Guanda , Chemori Ahmed , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2023

A self-organized phenomenon in postural coordination is essential for understanding the auto-switching mechanism of in-phase and anti-phase postural coordination modes during standing and related supra-postural activities. Previously, a model-based approach was proposed to reproduce such self-organized phenomenon. However, if we set this problem including the process of how we establish the internal predictive model in our central nervous system, the learning process is critical to be considered for establishing a neural network for managing adaptive postural control. Particularly when body characteristics may change due to growth or aging or are initially unknown for infants, a learning capability can improve the hyper-adaptivity of human motor control for maintaining postural stability and saving energy in daily living. This study attempted to generate a self-organizing neural network that can adaptively coordinate the postural mode without assuming a prior body model regarding body dynamics and kinematics. Postural coordination modes are reproduced in head-target tracking tasks through a deep reinforcement learning algorithm. The transitions between the postural coordination types, i.e. in-phase and anti-phase coordination modes, could be reproduced by changing the task condition of the head tracking target, by changing the frequencies of the moving target. These modes are considered emergent phenomena existing in human head tracking tasks. Various evaluation indices, such as correlation, and relative phase of hip and ankle joint, are analyzed to verify the self-organizing neural network performance to produce the postural coordination transition between the in-phase and anti-phase modes. In addition, after learning, the neural network can also adapt to continuous task condition changes and even to unlearned body mass conditions keeping consistent in-phase and anti-phase mode alternation.
Elevated GRO-α and IL-18 in serum and brain implicate the NLRP3 inflammasome in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Lok Hiu Chuen , Katzeff Jared S. , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Fu YuHong , Halliday Glenda M. , Kim Woojin Scott
Published: June 2023

Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a heterogeneous group of proteinopathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. It is marked by microglial activation and subsequent cytokine release. Although cytokine levels in FTD brain and CSF have been examined, the number of cytokines measured in each study is limited and knowledge on cytokine concentrations in FTD serum is scarce. Here, we assessed 48 cytokines in FTD serum and brain. The aim was to determine common cytokine dysregulation pathways in serum and brain in FTD. Blood samples and brain tissue samples from the superior frontal cortex (SFC) were collected from individuals diagnosed with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and healthy controls, and 48 cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunological assay. The data were evaluated by principal component factor analysis to determine the contribution from different components of the variance in the cohort. Levels of a number of cytokines were altered in serum and SFC in bvFTD compared to controls, with increases in GRO-α and IL-18 in both serum and SFC. These changes could be associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation or the NFκB pathway, which activates NLRP3. The results suggest the possible importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in FTD. An improved understanding of the role of inflammasomes in FTD could provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of FTD.
Combining iterative metal artifact reduction and virtual monoenergetic images severely reduces hip prosthesis-associated artifacts in photon-counting detector CT
Authors: Layer Yannik C. , Mesropyan Narine , Kupczyk Patrick A. , Luetkens Julian A. , Isaak Alexander , Dell Tatjana , Attenberger Ulrike I. , Kuetting Daniel
Published: June 2023

Aim of this study was to assess the impact of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) in combination and comparison with iterative metal artifact reduction (IMAR) on hip prosthesis-associated artifacts in photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT). Retrospectively, 33 scans with hip prosthesis-associated artifacts acquired during clinical routine on a PCD-CT between 08/2022 and 09/2022 were analyzed. VMI were reconstructed for 100–190 keV with and without IMAR, and compared to polychromatic images. Qualitatively, artifact extent and assessment of adjacent soft tissue were rated by two radiologists using 5-point Likert items. Quantitative assessment was performed measuring attenuation and standard deviation in most pronounced hypodense and hyperdense artifacts, artifact-impaired bone, muscle, vessels, bladder and artifact-free corresponding tissue. To quantify artifacts, an adjusted attenuation was calculated as the difference between artifact-impaired tissue and corresponding tissue without artifacts. Qualitative assessment improved for all investigated image reconstructions compared to polychromatic images (PI). VMI100keV in combination with IMAR achieved best results (e.g. diagnostic quality of the bladder: median PI: 1.5 (range 1–4); VMI100keV+IMAR: 5 (3–5); p < 0.0001). In quantitative assessment VMI100keV with IMAR provided best artifact reduction with an adjusted attenuation closest to 0 (e.g. bone: PI: 302.78; VMI100keV+IMAR: 51.18; p < 0.0001). The combination of VMI and IMAR significantly reduces hip prosthesis-associated artifacts in PCD-CT and improves the diagnostic quality of surrounding tissue.
Estimation of mobility and population in Spain during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic from mobile phone data
Authors: Osorio Arjona Joaquín , de las Obras-Loscertales Sampériz Julia
Published: June 2023

This work aims to find out the effectiveness of sources based on Big Data like mobile phone records to analyze mobility flows and changes in the population of Spain in different scenarios during the period of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. To this end, we have used mobile phone data provided by the National Institute of Statistics from four days corresponding to different phases of the pandemic. Origin–Destination matrices and population estimation calculations at the spatial level of population cells have been elaborated. The results show different patterns that correspond to the phenomena that have occurred, as the decrease of the population during the periods associated with the confinement measures. The consistency of findings with the reality and the generally good correlation with the population census data indicate that mobile phone records are a useful source of data for the elaboration of demographic and mobility studies during pandemics.
Genital tract microbiome dynamics are associated with time of Chlamydia infection in mice
Authors: Zhao Lihong , Lundy Stephanie R. , Eko Francis O. , Igietseme Joeseph U. , Omosun Yusuf O.
Published: June 2023

We have previously shown that the time of Chlamydia infection was crucial in determining the chlamydial infectivity and pathogenesis. This study aims to determine whether the time of Chlamydia infection affects the genital tract microbiome. This study analyzed mice vaginal, uterine, and ovary/oviduct microbiome with and without Chlamydia infection. The mice were infected with Chlamydia at either 10:00 am (ZT3) or 10:00 pm (ZT15). The results showed that mice infected at ZT3 had higher Chlamydia infectivity than those infected at ZT15. There was more variation in the compositional complexity of the vaginal microbiome (alpha diversity) of mice infected at ZT3 than those mice infected at ZT15 throughout the infection within each treatment group, with both Shannon and Simpson diversity index values decreased over time. The analysis of samples collected four weeks post-infection showed that there were significant taxonomical differences (beta diversity) between different parts of the genital tract—vagina, uterus, and ovary/oviduct—and this difference was associated with the time of infection. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla within the microbiome in all three genital tract regions for all the samples collected during this experiment. Additionally, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in the uterine microbiome of ZT3 Chlamydia infected mice. The results show that the time of infection is associated with the microbial dynamics in the genital tract. And this association is more robust in the upper genital tract than in the vagina. This result implies that more emphasis should be placed on understanding the changes in the microbial dynamics of the upper genital tract over the course of infection.
Analysis of the impact of DGAT1 p.M435L and p.K232A variants on pre-mRNA splicing in a full-length gene assay
Authors: Gaiani Nicolas , Bourgeois-Brunel Lorraine , Rocha Dominique , Boulling Arnaud
Published: June 2023

DGAT1 is playing a major role in fat metabolism and triacylglyceride synthesis. Only two DGAT1 loss-of-function variants altering milk production traits in cattle have been reported to date, namely p.M435L and p.K232A. The p.M435L variant is a rare alteration and has been associated with skipping of exon 16 which results in a non-functional truncated protein, and the p.K232A-containing haplotype has been associated with modifications of the splicing rate of several DGAT1 introns. In particular, the direct causality of the p.K232A variant in decreasing the splicing rate of the intron 7 junction was validated using a minigene assay in MAC-T cells. As both these DGAT1 variants were shown to be spliceogenic, we developed a full-length gene assay (FLGA) to re-analyse p.M435L and p.K232A variants in HEK293T and MAC-T cells. Qualitative RT-PCR analysis of cells transfected with the full-length DGAT1 expression construct carrying the p.M435L variant highlighted complete skipping of exon 16. The same analysis performed using the construct carrying the p.K232A variant showed moderate differences compared to the wild-type construct, suggesting a possible effect of this variant on the splicing of intron 7. Finally, quantitative RT-PCR analyses of cells transfected with the p.K232A-carrying construct did not show any significant modification on the splicing rate of introns 1, 2 and 7. In conclusion, the DGAT1 FLGA confirmed the p.M435L impact previously observed in vivo, but invalidated the hypothesis whereby the p.K232A variant strongly decreased the splicing rate of intron 7.
Turbulent convection as a significant hidden provider of magnetic helicity in solar eruptions
Authors: Toriumi Shin , Hotta Hideyuki , Kusano Kanya
Published: June 2023

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections, the primary space weather disturbances affecting the entire heliosphere and near-Earth environment, mainly emanate from sunspot regions harbouring high degrees of magnetic twist. However, it is not clear how magnetic helicity, the quantity for measuring the magnetic twist, is supplied to the upper solar atmosphere via the emergence of magnetic flux from the turbulent convection zone. Here, we report state-of-the-art numerical simulations of magnetic flux emergence from the deep convection zone. By controlling the twist of emerging flux, we find that with the support of convective upflow, the untwisted emerging flux can reach the solar surface without collapsing, in contrast to previous theoretical predictions, and eventually create sunspots. Because of the turbulent twisting of magnetic flux, the produced sunspots exhibit rotation and inject magnetic helicity into the upper atmosphere, amounting to a substantial fraction of injected helicity in the twisted cases that is sufficient to produce flare eruptions. This result indicates that the turbulent convection is responsible for supplying a non-negligible amount of magnetic helicity and potentially contributes to solar flares.
Urinary concentrations of GHB and its novel amino acid and carnitine conjugates following controlled GHB administration to humans
Authors: Steuer Andrea E. , Bavato Francesco , Schnider Laura K. , Dornbierer Dario A. , Bosch Oliver G. , Quednow Boris B. , Seifritz Erich , Steuer Christian , Kraemer Thomas
Published: June 2023

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) remains a challenging clinical/forensic toxicology drug. Its rapid elimination to endogenous levels mainly causes this. Especially in drug-facilitated sexual assaults, sample collection often occurs later than the detection window for GHB. We aimed to investigate new GHB conjugates with amino acids (AA), fatty acids, and its organic acid metabolites for their suitability as ingestion/application markers in urine following controlled GHB administration to humans. We used LC–MS/MS for validated quantification of human urine samples collected within two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover studies (GHB 50 mg/kg, 79 participants) at approximately 4.5, 8, 11, and 28 h after intake. We found significant differences (placebo vs. GHB) for all but two analytes at 4.5 h. Eleven hours post GHB administration, GHB, GHB-AAs, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, and glycolic acid still showed significantly higher concentrations; at 28 h only GHB-glycine. Three different discrimination strategies were evaluated: (a) GHB-glycine cut-off concentration (1 µg/mL), (b) metabolite ratios of GHB-glycine/GHB (2.5), and (c) elevation threshold between two urine samples (> 5). Sensitivities were 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5, respectively. Only GHB-glycine showed prolonged detection over GHB, mainly when compared to a second time- and subject-matched urine sample (strategy c).
TSH levels after fresh embryo transfer are associated with reproductive outcomes in euthyroid women undergoing the first IVF/ICSI cycles
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Liu Yanli , Wu Wenbin , Li Zhen , Ren Bingnan , Guan Yichun
Published: June 2023

To investigate whether there is a relationship between TSH levels on the 14th day post embryo transfer (D14 TSH levels) and the reproductive outcomes in euthyroid women who are free from levothyroxine (LT4) treatment and undergo the first in vitro fertilization /intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycles with the homogeneous ovarian stimulation protocols. This was a prospective study including a total of 599 euthyroid women undergoing the first IVF/ICSI ET cycles. Serum samples were collected and frozen on the 14th day post embryo transfer. TSH levels were measured after the confirmation of clinical pregnancy. The patients were divided into three groups (low-normal ≤ 2.5 mIU/L; high-normal 2.5–4.2 mIU/L; and high > 4.2 mIU/L) based on D14 TSH levels. Reproductive outcomes were compared among the three groups. Binary logistic regression analyses and generalized additive mixed models with smoothing splines were used to investigate the relationship between TSH levels and reproductive outcomes. D14 TSH levels were significantly elevated compared to basal TSH levels, and the degree of TSH elevation was significantly higher in pregnant women compared to that in non-pregnant women. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates increased significantly in the high-normal D14 TSH groups, and doubled in the high D14 TSH groups compared to the low TSH groups. When adjusted by age, basal TSH, AMH, E2, endometrial thickness, type and causes of infertility, and transferred embryos, the dose-dependent relationships between D14 TSH and clinical pregnancy and live birth were observed. Obstetric outcomes in singleton or twins live birth among the different D14 TSH groups were similar. Elevated D14 TSH levels were associated with better clinical pregnancy and live birth rates, and were not associated with worse obstetric outcomes. The mechanisms to explain the phenomenon remained to be studied.
CT radiomic signature predicts survival and chemotherapy benefit in stage I and II HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Song Bolin , Yang Kailin , Viswanathan Vidya Sankar , Wang Xiangxue , Lee Jonathan , Stock Sarah , Fu Pingfu , Lu Cheng , Koyfman Shlomo , Lewis James S. , Madabhushi Anant
Published: June 2023

Chemoradiation is a common therapeutic regimen for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). However, not all patients benefit from chemotherapy, especially patients with low-risk characteristics. We aim to develop and validate a prognostic and predictive radiomic image signature (pRiS) to inform survival and chemotherapy benefit using computed tomography (CT) scans from 491 stage I and II HPV-associated OPSCC, which were divided into three cohorts D1–D3. The prognostic performance of pRiS was evaluated on two test sets (D2, n = 162; D3, n = 269) using concordance index. Patients from D2 and D3 who received either radiotherapy alone or chemoradiation were used to validate pRiS as predictive of added benefit of chemotherapy. Seven features were selected to construct pRiS, which was found to be prognostic of overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis in D2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–4.16, p = 0.02) and D3 (HR = 2.74, 95% CI, 1.34–5.62, p = 0.006). Chemotherapy was associated with improved OS for high-pRiS patients in D2 (radiation vs chemoradiation, HR = 4.47, 95% CI, 1.73–11.6, p = 0.002) and D3 (radiation vs chemoradiation, HR = 2.99, 95% CI, 1.04–8.63, p = 0.04). In contrast, chemotherapy did not improve OS for low-pRiS patients, which indicates these patients did not derive additional benefit from chemotherapy and could be considered for treatment de-escalation. The proposed radiomic signature was prognostic of patient survival and informed benefit from chemotherapy for stage I and II HPV-associated OPSCC patients.
Superconducting dome by tuning through a van Hove singularity in a two-dimensional metal
Authors: Wan Wen , Harsh Rishav , Dreher Paul , de Juan Fernando , Ugeda Miguel M.
Published: June 2023

Chemical substitution is a promising route for the exploration of a rich variety of doping- and/or disorder-dependent collective phenomena in low-dimensional quantum materials. Here we show that transition metal dichalcogenide alloys are ideal platforms to this purpose. In particular, we demonstrate the emergence of superconductivity in the otherwise metallic single-layer TaSe2 by minute electron doping provided by substitutional W atoms. We investigate the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the superconducting state of Ta1-δWδSe2 with electron doping (δ) using variable temperature (0.34–4.2 K) scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). We unveil the emergence of a superconducting dome spanning 0.003 < δ < 0.03 with a maximized critical temperature of 0.9 K, a significant increase from that of bulk TaSe2 (TC = 0.14 K). Superconductivity emerges from an increase of the density of states (DOS) as the Fermi surface approaches a van Hove singularity due to doping. Once the singularity is reached, however, the DOS decreases with δ, which gradually weakens the superconducting state, thus shaping the superconducting dome. Lastly, our doping-dependent measurements suggest the development of a Coulomb glass phase triggered by disorder due to W dopants.
Emerging investigator series: the role of phage lifestyle in wastewater microbial community structures and functions: insights into diverse microbial environments
Authors: Delgado Vela Jeseth , Al-Faliti Mitham
Published: June 2023

Harnessing phage for biological treatment is of growing interest, but an improved understanding of phage diversity, host range, lifestyle, molecular signaling, and genetic potential are needed for microbial community control.
In situ electron tomography for the thermally activated solid reaction of anaerobic nanoparticles
Authors: Ihara Shiro , Yoshinaga Mizumo , Miyazaki Hiroya , Wada Kota , Hata Satoshi , Saito Hikaru , Murayama Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2023

A newly developed in situ electron tomography visualizes an entire process of Cu nanoparticle sintering in 4D (3D real space and time) from its very initial stage to the densification of nanoparticle clusters.
Halide perovskite photovoltaic-electrocatalysis for solar fuel generation
Authors: Yang Jin Wook , Ahn You Jin , Cho Deok Ki , Kim Jin Young , Jang Ho Won
Published: June 2023

This review covers the principles and recent advances in photovoltaic-electrochemical fuel production. It suggests the structural, compositional, and interfacial engineering of OER, HER, bifunctional, CRR catalysts, and halide perovskite solar cells.
Asymmetric synthesis of spirofuro[2,3-b]azepine-5,3′-indoline derivativesviacycloisomerization/[4 + 3] annulation process under Au/N-heterocyclic carbene relay catalysis
Authors: You Mengwei , Li Yan , Lv Xin , Shen Guodong , Xiao Xiao , Zhou Liejin
Published: June 2023

A variety of enantioenriched spirofuro[2,3-b]azepine-5,3’-indoline derivatives were synthesizedviaAu(I)/chiral NHC relay catalyzed cycloisomerization/asymmetric [4+3] annulation.
Photoinduced carbene transfer for copper-catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 1] cycloadditions: an entry to chiral indolines bearing quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Qu Bao-Le , Shi Bin , He Lin , Shi Jun-Wei , Xiao Wen-Jing , Lu Liang-Qiu
Published: June 2023

A copper-catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 1] cycloaddition of ethynylbenzoxazinones with sulfur ylides formed in situ by photoinduced carbene transfer is reported to afford chiral indolines with good efficiency, enantio- and diastereoselectivities.
Substrate-controlled divergent synthesis withortho-vinyl-functionalised 1,3-enynes and iminesviapalladium catalysis
Authors: Zhu Bo , Sun Teng , Chen Zhi-Chao , Gao Lu , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: June 2023

Substrate-controlled divergent cascade reactions betweenortho-vinyl-functionalised 1,3-enynes and imines have been realisedviapalladium catalysis, furnishing collections of skeletally distinct architectures in good yields and stereoselectivity.
Equipping data-driven experiment planning for Self-driving Laboratories with semantic memory: case studies of transfer learning in chemical reaction optimization
Authors: Hickman Riley J. , Ruža Jurgis , Tribukait Hermann , Roch Loïc M. , García-Durán Alberto
Published: June 2023

SeMOpt uses meta-/few-shot learning to enable knowledge transfer from previous experiments to accelerate Bayesian optimization of chemical reactions.
De novo glycan sequencing by electronic excitation dissociation MS2-guided MS3 analysis on an Omnitrap-Orbitrap hybrid instrument
Authors: Wei Juan , Papanastasiou Dimitris , Kosmopoulou Mariangela , Smyrnakis Athanasios , Hong Pengyu , Tursumamat Nafisa , Klein Joshua A. , Xia Chaoshuang , Tang Yang , Zaia Joseph , Costello Catherine E. , Lin Cheng
Published: June 2023

EED MS2 spectra were used to generate candidate topologies and guide selection of fragment(s) for MS3 analysis. Isotoplogies indistinguishable at the MS2 level may be differentiated by CID-EED MS3 analysis.
Cluster-selective 57Fe labeling of a Twitch-domain-containing radical SAM enzyme
Authors: Namkoong Gil , Suess Daniel L. M.
Published: June 2023

Although the radical SAM enzyme BtrN contains two [Fe4S4] clusters, it is shown that only one undergoes exchange with exogenous Fe ions. This enables the facile and selective 57Fe labeling of either [Fe4S4] cluster.
Enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed reversible Michael addition of aryl esters to 2-benzylidene malononitriles
Authors: Nimmo Alastair J. , Bitai Jacqueline , Young Claire M. , McLaughlin Calum , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cordes David B. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: June 2023

An unusual reversible addition of aryl esters to 2-benzylidene malononitriles using an isothiourea Lewis base catalyst is demonstrated with control studies indicating the feasibility of a constructive reversible Michael addition.
In situoxidative polymerization of platinum(iv) prodrugs in pore-confined spaces of CaCO3nanoparticles for cancer chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Wei Fangmian , Ke Libing , Gao Siyuan , Karges Johannes , Wang Jinquan , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: June 2023

Pt(iv)SS@CaCO3@Biotin can interact in cisplatin-resistant non-small lung cancer cells by a multimodal mechanism of action, triggering cell death by a combination of by apoptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell deathin vitroandin vivo.
Insights into structure–activity relationships in efficient silica-supported Ni catalysts for selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid
Authors: Dosarapu Vijaykumar , Bandalla Siddaramagoud , Ravula Madhu , Bathula Ganesh Babu , Mavurapu Satyanarayana , Shee Debaprasad , Varkolu Mohan , Baithy Mallesham , Vasam Chandra Sekhar
Published: June 2023

Upgrading biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) with greater carbonyl (CO) group activation is crucial in converting biomass and its derivatives into valuable biochemicals and biofuels.
Pickering emulsions stabilized with differently charged particles
Authors: Benyaya Mathis , Bolzinger Marie-Alexandrine , Chevalier Yves , Ensenat Salomé , Bordes Claire
Published: June 2023

Pickering emulsions prepared with mixed anionic and cationic particles: the coverage is controlled by kinetics of particle adsorption.
Synthesis of ferrate (Fe(vi))-coated sand for stabilized reactivity and enhanced treatment of phenol
Authors: Okaikue-Woodi Fanny E. K. , Ray Jessica R.
Published: June 2023

Degradation of phenol and formation of an oxidation byproduct by synthesized Fe(vi)-coated sand.
Recent progress in nanozymes for the treatment of diabetic wounds
Authors: Jiang Jingai , Li Xiao , Li Hui , Lv Xinyi , Xu Yan , Hu Yanling , Song Yanni , Shao Jinjun , Li Shengke , Yang Dongliang
Published: June 2023

In this review, the recent advance in nanozymes to promote diabetic wound healing was summarized from bacterial clearance, glucoregulation, and inflammation elimination.
Functional Hearing Impairment, Psychological Resilience, and Social Well-Being Among Chinese Older Adults in Low-Income Households
Authors: Gao Jiamin , Hu Hongwei , He Haotian
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Hearing loss (HL) is prevalent and relates to social health in old age. This study aims to examine the association between functional HL and social well-being (SWB) in older adults and to investigate whether psychological resilience mediates this association.

Method:

The analytical sample of 4,531 older adults aged ≥ 60 years was from the Sample Survey on Vulnerable Populations from Poor Families in Urban/Rural China (2018). SWB was measured by social networks and social engagement using the Lubben Social Network Scale and Index of Social Engagement Scale, respectively. Functional hearing impairment was defined by a dichotomized measure of self-perceived hearing difficulty. Psychological resilience was assessed by a 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed to determine associations of HL with SWB and the mediating roles of psychological resilience.

Results:

Functional HL was associated with reduced SWB among older adults living in low-income households. Hearing-impaired individuals were more likely to be socially isolated and less socially engaged compared to those with normal hearing. The association persisted in gender subsamples and in non–low-income households but not in older adults aged ≥ 70 years. Psychological resilience partially mediated the association of hearing impairment with SWB, accounting for 50.9% of the variance in the change of SWB.

Conclusions:

Functional hearing impairment may be a modifiable risk factor for social restrictions and downstream older adults' health. Promotion of hearing health care and accessibility to coping resources including psychological support may improve social wellness among the older adults and benefit healthy aging.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22750736
Pruning method for dendritic neuron model based on dendrite layer significance constraints
Authors: Luo Xudong , Wen Xiaohao , Li Yan , Li Quanfu
Published: June 2023

The dendritic neural model (DNM) mimics the non‐linearity of synapses in the human brain to simulate the information processing mechanisms and procedures of neurons. This enhances the understanding of biological nervous systems and the applicability of the model in various fields. However, the existing DNM suffers from high complexity and limited generalisation capability. To address these issues, a DNM pruning method with dendrite layer significance constraints is proposed. This method not only evaluates the significance of dendrite layers but also allocates the significance of a few dendrite layers in the trained model to a few dendrite layers, allowing the removal of low‐significance dendrite layers. The simulation experiments on six UCI datasets demonstrate that our method surpasses existing pruning methods in terms of network size and generalisation performance.
A quasi‐optical resonator with new coupling method and parasitic‐mode‐suppressing in 110–170 GHz
Authors: Cheng Jin , Zhang Yunpeng , Long Jiawei , Li En
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a quasi‐optical resonator with new coupling method and parasitic‐mode‐suppressing in 110–170 GHz is proposed. The coupling of terahertz (THz) quasi‐optical resonator in this paper is realized by PCB substrate processing and pressurized flange. At the same time, the parasitic mode is effectively suppressed by slitting the plane mirror to reduce the influence on the main mode during the test. And the fused quartz sample was tested to verify the feasibility of the system for complex dielectric testing of materials in 110–170 GHz.