bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replacing bar graphs of continuous data with more informative graphics: Are we making progress?
Authors: Riedel Nico , Schulz Robert , Kazezian Vartan , Weissgerber Tracey
Published: March 2022

Recent work has raised awareness about the need to replace bar graphs of continuous data with informative graphs showing the data distribution. The impact of these efforts is not known. This observational meta-research study examined how often scientists in different fields use various graph types, and assessed whether visualization practices have changed between 2010 and 2020. We developed and validated an automated screening tool, designed to identify bar graphs of counts or proportions, bar graphs of continuous data, bar graphs with dot plots, dot plots, box plots, violin plots, histograms, pie charts, and flow charts. Papers from 23 fields (approximately 1,000 papers/field/year) were randomly selected from PubMed Central and screened (n=227,998). F1 scores for different graphs ranged between 0.83 and 0.95 in the internal validation set. While the tool also performed well in external validation sets, F1 scores were lower for uncommon graphs. Bar graphs are more often used incorrectly to display continuous data than they are used correctly to display counts or proportions. The proportion of papers that use bar graphs of continuous data varies markedly across fields (range in 2020: 4%-58%), with high rates in biochemistry and cell biology, complementary and alternative medicine, physiology, genetics, oncology and carcinogenesis, pharmacology, microbiology and immunology. Visualization practices have improved in some fields in recent years. Fewer than 25% of papers use flow charts, which provide information about attrition and the risk of bias. This study highlights the need for continued interventions to improve visualization and identifies fields that would benefit most.
R-BIND 2.0: An Updated Database of Bioactive RNA-Targeting Small Molecules and Associated RNA Secondary Structures
Authors: Donlic Anita , Swanson Emily G. , Chiu Liang-Yuan , Wicks Sarah L. , Juru Aline Umuhire , Cai Zhengguo , Kassam Kamillah , Laudeman Chris , Sanaba Bilva G. , Sugarman Andrew , Han Eunseong , Tolbert Blanton S. , Hargrove Amanda E.
Published: March 2022

Discoveries of RNA roles in cellular physiology and pathology are raising the need for new tools that modulate the structure and function of these biomolecules, and small molecules are proving useful. In 2017, we curated theRNA-targetedBIoactive ligaNdDatabase (R-BIND) and discovered distinguishing physicochemical properties of RNA-targeting ligands, leading us to propose the existence of an “RNA-privileged” chemical space. Biennial updates of the database and the establishment of a website platform (rbind.chem.duke.edu) have provided new insights and tools to design small molecules based on the analyzed physicochemical and spatial properties. In this report and R-BIND 2.0 update, we refined the curation approach and ligand classification system as well as conducted analyses of RNA structure elements for the first time to identify new targeting strategies. Specifically, we curated and analyzed RNA target structural motifs to determine properties of small molecules that may confer selectivity for distinct RNA secondary and tertiary structures. Additionally, we collected sequences of target structures and incorporated an RNA Structure Search algorithm into the website that outputs small molecules targeting similar motifs withouta priorisecondary structure knowledge. Cheminformatic analyses revealed that, despite the 50% increase in small molecule library size, the distinguishing properties of R-BIND ligands remained significantly different to that of proteins and are therefore still relevant to RNA-targeted probe discovery. Combined, we expect these novel insights and website features to enable rational design of RNA-targeted ligands and to serve as a resource and inspiration for a variety of scientists interested in RNA targeting.
High Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Low Psychological Flexibility and associate with Fatigue symptoms
Authors: Yingchankul Nalinee , Chattipakorn Siriporn , Gomutbutra Patama
Published: March 2022

Background

Recent studies showed that enhancing psychological flexibility could improve fatigue interference. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and Cortisol were proposed to involve biomarkers in psychological flexibility. Our study aims to explore the association of fatigue with psychological flexibility and related biomarkers.

Method

A cross-sectional study gathered data from a baseline characteristic mindful volunteer. Each participant was self-evaluated with the questionnaire of fatigue and psychological flexibility. The participants were evaluated potential biomarkers related to psychological flexibility including HRV, serum cortisol, and BDNF within one week after responding to the questionnaire.

Results

The 47 healthy females including 22 nurses and 25 occupational therapy students, mean age 29.70 ± 12.55 years. The prevalence of fatigue is 38.30%. The multivariate analysis showed the independent factors associated with fatigue including negative psychological flexibility (OR 1.31, p=0.03) and high BDNF (OR 1.33, p=0.05).

Conclusion

Our study found that psychological flexibility and high BDNF was independent factors associate with fatigue. This result provide insight that intervention that increase either psychological flexibility may prevent fatigue symptoms. The high BDNF may reflex the adaptive response of fatigue person and may be potential biomarkers for detecting early fatigue conditions.
Durability of second-line anti-retroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting: an 11-year analytical cohort
Authors: Lumu I. , Musaazi J. , Castelnuovo B
Published: March 2022

Background

It is projected that up to 19·6% of patients on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa will need second-line treatment by 2030, but the durability of such therapy remains unclear. This study investigated the durability of second-line ART and the factors associated with the viral rebound among patients on second-line ART in Uganda.

Methods

A retrospective dynamic cohort of adults initiated on second-line ART after confirmed virological failure to first-line ART. Patients that had taken second-line for ≥6 months between 2007 and 2017 were included. Patients were followed until they experienced a viral rebound (Viral load ≥200copies/ml). Cumulative probability of viral rebounds and factors associated with viral rebound were determined using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.

Findings

1101 participants were enrolled. At base-line, 64% were female, the median age was 37 years (IQR 31-43), median duration on first-line ART was 44months (IQR 27-67), and the median CD4 and viral load were 128 cells/ul (IQR 58-244) and 45978 copies/ml (IQR 13827-139583), respectively. During the 4757·21 person-years, the incidence density of viral rebound was 74·62 (95% CI 67·25- 82·80) per 1000 person-years. The probability of a viral round at 5 and 10 years was 0·29 (95% C: I 0·26 -0·32) and 0·623 (95%CI:0·55 -0·69), respectively. The median survival without experiencing a viral rebound was 8·7 years. Young adults (18-24) years (aHR 2·31 95 CI 1·25-4·27), high switch viral load ≥100,000copies/ml (aHR 1·53 95 CI 1·23- 1·91) and ATV/r based second-line (aHR1·53 95 CI 1·18-2·00) were associated with an increased risk viral rebound.

Interpretation

Second-line regimens are fairly durable for eight years followed a rapid increase in the incidence of rebounds. A high viral load at switch, ATV/r based second-line, and young adulthood are risk factors associated with a viral rebound, which underscores the need for differentiated care services.
Network-Based Methods for Psychometric Data of Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Punzi Clara , Petti Manuela , Tieri Paolo
Published: March 2022

Network science represents a powerful and increasingly promising method for studying complex real-world problems. In the last decade, it has been applied to psychometric data in the attempt to explain psychopathologies as complex systems of causally interconnected symptoms. With this work, we aimed to review a large sample of network-based studies that exploit psychometric data related to eating disorders (ED) trying to highlight important aspects such as core symptoms, influences of external factors, comorbidities, and changes in network structure and connectivity across both time and subpopulations. A particular focus is here given to the potentialities and limitations of the available methodologies used in the field. At the same time, we also give a review of the statistical software packages currently used to carry out each phase of the network estimation and analysis workflow. Although many theoretical results, especially those concerning the ED core symptoms, have already been confirmed by multiple studies, their supporting function in clinical treatment still needs to be thoroughly assessed.
The orphan ligand, Activin C, signals through activin receptor-like kinase 7
Authors: Goebel Erich J. , Ongaro Luisina , Kappes Emily , Belcheva Elitza , Castonguay Roselyne , Kumar Ravindra , Bernard Daniel J , Thompson Thomas B.
Published: March 2022

Activin ligands are formed from two disulfide-linked inhibin β subunit chains. They exist as homodimeric proteins, as in the case of activin A (ActA; InhβA/InhβA) or activin C (ActC; InhβC/InhβC), or as heterodimers, as with activin AC (ActAC; InhβA:InhβC). While the biological functions of ActA and activin B (ActB) have been well-characterized, little is known about the biological function of ActC or ActAC. One thought is that the InhβC chain functions to interfere with ActA production by forming less active ActAC heterodimers. Here, we assessed and characterized the signaling capacity of ligands containing the InhβC chain. ActC and ActAC activated SMAD2/3-dependent signaling via the type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7). Relative to ActA and ActB, ActC exhibited lower affinity for the cognate activin type II receptors and was resistant to neutralization by the extracellular antagonist, follistatin. In mature adipocytes, which exhibit high ALK7 expression, ActC elicited a SMAD2/3 response similar to ActB, which can also signal via ALK7. Collectively, these results establish that ActC and ActAC are active ligands that exhibit a distinct signaling receptor and antagonist profile compared to other activins.
A distinct core regulatory module enforces oncogene expression in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Harada Taku , Heshmati Yaser , Kalfon Jérémie , Perez Monika W. , Xavier Ferrucio Juliana , Ewers Jazmin , Hubbell Engler Benjamin , Kossenkov Andrew , Ellegast Jana M. , Yi Joanna S. , Bowker Allyson , Zhu Qian , Eagle Kenneth , Liu Tianxin , Kai Yan , Dempster Joshua M. , Kugener Guillaume , Wickramasinghe Jayamanna , Herbert Zachary T. , Li Charles H. , Vrabič Koren Jošt , Weinstock David M. , Paralkar Vikram R. , Nabet Behnam , Lin Charles Y. , Dharia Neekesh V. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Orkin Stuart H. , Pimkin Maxim
Published: March 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia with KMT2A (MLL) rearrangements is characterized by specific patterns of gene expression and enhancer architecture, implying unique core transcriptional regulatory circuitry. Here, we identified the transcription factors MEF2D and IRF8 as selective transcriptional dependencies of KMT2A-rearranged AML, where MEF2D displays partially redundant functions with its paralog, MEF2C. Rapid transcription factor degradation followed by measurements of genome-wide transcription rates and superresolution microscopy revealed that MEF2D and IRF8 form a distinct core regulatory module with a narrow direct transcriptional program that includes activation of the key oncogenes MYC, HOXA9, and BCL2. Our study illustrates a mechanism of context-specific transcriptional addiction whereby a specific AML subclass depends on a highly specialized core regulatory module to directly enforce expression of common leukemia oncogenes.
Sequencing of individual barcoded cDNAs using Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies reveals platform-specific error patterns
Authors: Mikheenko Alla , Prjibelski Andrey D. , Joglekar Anoushka , Tilgner Hagen U.
Published: March 2022

Long-read transcriptomics require understanding error sources inherent to technologies. Current approaches cannot compare methods for an individual RNA molecule. Here, we present a novel platform-comparison method that combines barcoding strategies and long-read sequencing to sequence cDNA copies representing an individual RNA molecule on both Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). We compare these long-read pairs in terms of sequence content and isoform patterns. Although individual read pairs show high similarity, we find differences in (1) aligned length, (2) transcription start site (TSS), (3) polyadenylation site (poly(A)-site) assignment, and (4) exon–intron structures. Overall, 25% of read pairs disagree on either TSS, poly(A)-site, or splice site. Intron-chain disagreement typically arises from alignment errors of microexons and complicated splice sites. Our single-molecule technology comparison reveals that inconsistencies are often caused by sequencing error–induced inaccurate ONT alignments, especially to downstream GUNNGU donor motifs. However, annotation-disagreeing upstream shifts in NAGNAG acceptors in ONT are often confirmed by PacBio and are thus likely real. In both barcoded and nonbarcoded ONT reads, we find that intron number and proximity of GU/AGs better predict inconsistencies with the annotation than read quality alone. We summarize these findings in an annotation-based algorithm for spliced alignment correction that improves subsequent transcript construction with ONT reads.
Design and performance of a dedicated coherent X-ray scanning diffraction instrument at beamline NanoMAX of MAX IV
Authors: Carbone Dina , Kalbfleisch Sebastian , Johansson Ulf , Björling Alexander , Kahnt Maik , Sala Simone , Stankevic Tomas , Rodriguez-Fernandez Angel , Bring Björn , Matej Zdenek , Bell Paul , Erb David , Hardion Vincent , Weninger Clemens , Al-Sallami Hussein , Lidon-Simon Julio , Carlson Stefan , Jerrebo Annika , Norsk Jensen Brian , Bjermo Anders , Åhnberg Karl , Roslund Linus
Published: March 2022

The diffraction endstation of the NanoMAX beamline is designed to provide high-flux coherent X-ray nano-beams for experiments requiring many degrees of freedom for sample and detector. The endstation is equipped with high-efficiency Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror focusing optics and a two-circle goniometer supporting a positioning and scanning device, designed to carry a compact sample environment. A robot is used as a detector arm. The endstation, in continued development, has been in user operation since summer 2017.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-1-[2,2-dibromo-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)diazene
Authors: Çelikesir Sevim Türktekin , Akkurt Mehmet , Shikhaliyev Namiq Q. , Mammadova Naila A. , Suleymanova Gulnar T. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: March 2022

In the title compound, C14H8Br2FN3O2, the nitro-substituted benzene ring and the 4-fluorophenyl ring form a dihedral angle of 65.73 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains by C—H...O hydrogen bonds running parallel to the c-axis direction. The crystal packing is consolidated by C—F...π interactions and π–π stacking interactions, and short Br...O [2.9828 (13) Å] contacts are observed. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (17.4%), O...H/H...O (16.3%), Br...H/H...Br (15.5%), Br...C/C...Br (10.1%) and F...H/H...F (8.1%) contacts.
The channel structure of trithallium pentaantimonate(V), Tl3Sb5O14
Authors: Sicher Paul , Stöger Berthold
Published: March 2022

Single crystals of Tl3Sb5O14 were grown by solid-state reaction in a corundum crucible under air (1273 K, 12 h). The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It is isotypic to the K3Sb5O14, Rb3Sb5O14 and Cs3Sb5O14 analogues with orthorhombic Pbam symmetry and cell parameters a = 24.2899 (9) Å, b = 7.1931 (3) Å, c = 7.4182 (3) Å. The Sb atoms form irregular [SbO6] octahedra, which are linked via edges and corners into a triperiodic network. The Tl+ ions are located in distinct channels of the network extending along [010] and [001].
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)quinoline-6-sulfonamide
Authors: Benarous Nesrine , Moussa Slimane Nabila , Bougueria Hassiba , Boutebdja Mehdi , Cherouana Aouatef
Published: March 2022

In the title compound, C15H12N2O3S, there are two molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The attached phenol and quinoline moieties of each molecule are almost coplanar with a dihedral angle of 6.05 (15)° for molecule A and 1.89 (13)° for molecule B. The crystal structure features N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, C—H...π interactions and π–π stacking interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most significant contacts in the crystal packing are C...H/H...C (29.2%), O...H/H...O (28.6%) and H...H (28.5%).
Structural and functional identification of the uncharacterized metallo-β-lactamase superfamily protein TW9814 as a phosphodiesterase with unique metal coordination
Authors: Heo Yunseok , Park Soo-Bong , Jeon Ye-Eun , Yun Ji-Hye , Jeong Bo-Gyeong , Cha Sun-Shin , Lee Weontae
Published: March 2022

Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) superfamily proteins have a common αβ/βα sandwich fold and perform a variety of functions through metal-mediated catalysis. However, because of the enormous scale of this superfamily, only a small percentage of the proteins belonging to the superfamily have been annotated structurally or functionally to date. Therefore, much remains unknown about the MBL superfamily proteins. Here, TW9814, a hypothetical MBL superfamily protein, was structurally and functionally investigated. Guided by the crystal structure of dimeric TW9814, it was demonstrated that TW9814 functions as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) in the presence of divalent metal ions such as manganese(II) or nickel(II). A docking model between TW9814 and the substrate bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (bpNPP) showed the importance of the dimerization of TW9814 for its bpNPP-hydrolyzing activity and for the interaction between the enzyme and the substrate. TW9814 showed outstanding catalytic efficiency (k
cat/K
m) under alkaline conditions compared with other PDEs. The activity of TW9814 appears to be regulated through a disulfide bond, which is a feature that is not present in other MBL superfamily members. This study provides a platform for the functional characterization of other hypothetical proteins of the MBL or other superfamilies.
Increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorder: are we over-diagnosing?
Authors: Watkins Lance Vincent , Angus-Leppan Heather
Published: March 2022

Purpose

In 2016, 1 in 54 children were estimated to have autism in the USA compared to 1 in 2,500 in 1955. This study aims to consider whether there has been a worldwide rise in incidence over time that is contributing to the rise in prevalence.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of the literature with strict inclusion criteria was performed to identify large population-based studies that include raw incidence rate data with clearly defined diagnostic criteria. The data from the included studies were pooled and analysed descriptively to compare incidence rates by decade.

Findings

Seven studies were included in the final quantitative analysis including incidence rate data from 1988 to 2015 with 29,026 cases, over a total of 69,562,748 person years. Considering the most robust data, the incidence rate ratio between the decade 1990–1999 and 2000–2009 provides an estimated relative risk of 4.21 (95% CI; 4.11–4.32). If we compare the limited data available in 1988–1989 and 2010–2015, there is an estimated 75 times (95% CI 49.56–115.04) increased rate of diagnosis.

Originality/value

The broadening of diagnostic criteria and its increasing application in clinical practice needs further consideration to ensure individuals receive the most appropriate personalised support. A true rise in the incidence of autism will influence the level of service provision required in future with the potential for significant under resourcing. More detailed assessment of the clinical characteristics of those diagnosed will help predict risk factors for specialist service involvement in future.
Engaging with social media in a context of fragmentation and change: Chilean unions' use of the Internet and social media
Authors: Bellido de Luna Daina
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper explores the ways in which a range of company-level trade unions based in Chile's food manufacturing industry engage with Internet technologies and social media.

Design/methodology/approach

The research has a qualitative methodology with 69 semi-structured interviews conducted between 2015 and late-2019 with different level informants such as trade union leaders, human resource managers, line managers, labour lawyers, academics and field experts.

Findings

The findings suggest that these trade unions' engagement with social media was not widespread, using it to share communication of day-to-day activities with members. The article argues that even in contexts where there appear to be some radical union traditions, a trade unions' identity, as well as the nature of the employment relationship, can have a constraining effect regarding how unions use digital technologies and social media.

Practical implications

The article suggests new ways for Chilean trade unions to take the opportunities offered by digital platforms and social media to enhance the representation of their workers' collective rights while advancing the labour movement's agenda.

Originality/value

The paper makes a direct contribution to the literature on Internet technologies, social media and the labour movement, while expanding the empirical evidence on the topic and looking at the limitations and constraints on the use of social media in this context. Given the current discussion in academic settings as well as within the union movement about the importance of social media for trade union revitalization, the present paper focuses on building empirical research in a less known context (i.e. Chile).
Digitalization and corporate parenting styles of multinational corporations
Authors: Gurkov Igor , Filinov Nikolay
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to outline the current and future influence of digitalization on the corporate parenting styles (CPSs) of multinational corporations (MNCs).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used conceptual modeling in this study.

Findings

The authors identified five types of CPSs (Hypnos, Cronus, Rhea, Zeus and Athena). The overall impact of digitalization on CPSs is related to new, formidable opportunities for decreasing costs and increasing the efficiency of the intra-corporate transfer of knowledge and talent. Furthermore, digitalization leads to greater tightness in subsidiaries’ performance targets and greater intensity of control over subsidiaries’ activities, lower degrees of subsidiary autonomy and lower level of trust between the corporate headquarters and subsidiary managers. These effects endanger the existence of two CPSs (Hypnos and Athena) and significant changes for the other three CPSs.

Practical implications

Digitalization may lead to more homogeneous corporations, with the lower variety of CPSs and the greater centralization of decision-making in corporate and regional headquarters and stronger control on operations and performance of subsidiaries. Increased opportunities of a horizontal value transfer (knowledge) within the corporation will present an additional competitive advantage of subsidiaries of MNCs. The increased ability and willingness of corporate and regional headquarters of value appropriation from subsidiaries in different forms (profit, revenues, knowledge and talent) will force subsidiaries to use that additional competitive advantage to become more aggressive competitors in local and global markets.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt in the academic literature to predict the mutation of CPSs of MNCs under the impact of digitalization.
Synergising lean objectives through BIM to enhance productivity and performance
Authors: Bhattacharya Sanjay , Mathur Ankur
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The construction industry worldwide is looking for overall efficiency in the entire project life cycle. Lean construction and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are together, key constituents in this quest. This study looks to reinforce the contribution of BIM to deliver applied lean principles to enhance productivity and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts mixed methodologies of Ethnographic Action Research (EAR) and crisp set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA). The mosaic of case studies provides a descriptive and instrumental approach. While a descriptive approach investigates the interventions and phenomenon relating BIM to Lean, an instrumental approach constitutes exemplars of the interrelated phenomenon of BIM and Lean.

Findings

The themes of Elimination of Waste, Kaizen, Respecting the Human Elements, Poke-a-Yoke and Jidoka are contributed to the maximum by BIM. All the case studies discussed evidence of the contribution to Lean, as they enhance end-customer value.

Research limitations/implications

The contribution of BIM towards Lean could encourage collaborations amongst stakeholders for mutual benefits. BIM could enhance decision making, predictive simulation, risk analysis, etc. with many other exciting possibilities of delivering productivity and performance. The study is limited by the insights offered by the individual cases.

Originality/value

The study provides insights into potential developments and research. It is expected to encourage reflective professional practice triggered by innovative thinking for the gainful utilization of BIM to deliver Lean.
Effect of laser bump texture combination characteristics on friction-wear properties of roll surface
Authors: Yang Xiping , Fu Yonghong , Ji Jinghu
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find the influence of surface bump texture combination characteristics on friction-wear properties so as to provide a basis for the selection of the bump texture combination scheme on the surface of the roll.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, six groups of different bump texture combination characteristics and their processing methods are introduced, of which three groups are regular distribution with different spacing and three groups are random distribution with different spacing. Then the effect of bump textures with different spacing, regular and random distribution on friction-wear properties was studied by ring block friction-wear experiments.

Findings

The results show that the friction coefficient of random distribution texture surface is lower than that of regular texture surface under the same spacing condition. In the regular distribution, the friction coefficient decreases with the increase of texture spacing. In the random distribution, the friction coefficient increases at first and then decreases with the increase of texture spacing. In addition, the wear resistance of textured surface is significantly higher than that of smooth surface because of the higher microhardness of the textured area. The attenuation ratio of textured surface roughness decreases with the increase of the distance between adjacent textures.

Originality/value

At present, the research on roller surface friction-wear is mainly based on the change of the overall surface roughness. However, there are few reports on the influence of the combination characteristics of laser bump texture on friction-wear from the microscopic scale.
A case study on bid rigging in centralized procurement of audit consulting services in Italy
Authors: Albano Gian Luigi , Santocchia Maria Grazia
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The aim of this case study is to review the in-depth (and successful) investigation carried out in 2016 by the Italian Competition Authority [Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM)] on a nation-wide (multi-lot) framework agreement for consulting services. We also critically assess the tender design and emphasize which dimensions may have facilitated the uncovered anticompetitive agreement.

Design/methodology/approach

The case study borrows from the official Antitrust Authorities’ findings and from the tender documents to paint a comprehensive picture of the cartel’s strategy.

Findings

The case study emphasizes that AGCM’s the “conjectured logic” of the cartel’s behaviour (endogenous evidence) did coincide with those pieces of evidence seized by police forces for criminal crimes at the cartel members’ premises (exogeneous evidence). This infrequent feature of bidding rings investigations underlines the importance of theoretical as well as practical analyses of cartels’ behaviour in public procurement markets.

Social implications

As the antitrust investigation was triggered by a confidential report sent by the awarding authority (Consip, the Italian national central purchasing body), the case study also emphasizes the importance of informal as well as formal co-operation between awarding authorities, especially central purchasing bodies, and competition authorities.

Originality/value

The case study belongs to a small set of applied research papers attempting at building a bridge between public procurement design, particularly of sizeable framework agreements, and the mechanisms devised by cartels to “game” procurement procedures. All this is accomplished by looking at all design dimensions that were exploited by cartel’s members.
Insider perspectives on director remuneration governance deliberations
Authors: Van Zyl Marilee , Mans-Kemp Nadia
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Companies around the globe increasingly receive immense shareholder scrutiny due to perceivably excessive executive director remuneration. The debate in South Africa intensifies due to severe pay inequality. The authors thus accounted for the perspectives of asset managers and listed financial services companies in South Africa pertaining to the impact of voting and engagement on director pay policies and practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected asset managers, chief executive officers, chief financial officers and remuneration committee members of listed financial services companies to gauge their views on the impact of shareholder activism endeavours on remuneration governance. The qualitative data was analysed by conducting thematic analysis.

Findings

Most of the asset managers and financial services representatives preferred proactive, private engagement on pay concerns, given the impact thereof on voting outcomes, and ultimately director remuneration practices and policies. Independent remuneration committees have a prominent role in facilitating engagements with investors to ensure fair remuneration.

Research limitations/implications

The consequences should be clearer if organisations receive substantial votes against their pay policies and implementation reports. South African regulators can consider the “two-strikes” rule to ensure that action is taken in response to shareholder voting on director remuneration matters.

Originality/value

Representatives of asset managers and listed financial services investee companies offered valuable insights on remuneration governance deliberations in an emerging market. This in-depth analysis highlights the importance of proactive engagement to ensure that corporate leaders are paid fairly.
Grade inflation: undergraduate students’ perspective
Authors: Baglione Stephen L. , Smith Zachary
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether students perceive grade inflation as a problem. It questions whether differences exist in perceptions based upon gender and grade point average (GPA).

Design/methodology/approach

Previously validated scales were used to assess perceptions. The sample included 108 full-time traditional-aged undergraduate students from a private university.

Findings

Students do not believe A grades are given more than deserved; however, they believe some receive higher grades than deserved. Grades are seen as an accurate reflection of achievement. Neither gender nor GPA differences were found on grade inflation perceptions, although women believe faculty give higher grades to receive better student evaluations.

Originality/value

This paper combines student perceptions about grade inflation and analysis by gender and GPA.
Risk management practices of Islamic microfinance institutions to improve their financial performance and sustainability: a study on Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah, Indonesia
Authors: Mutamimah Mutamimah , Zaenudin Zaenudin , Bin Mislan Cokrohadisumarto Widiyanto
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the risk management practices of Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs) to increase their financial performance and sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used a qualitative approach to increase financial performance and sustainability. The study population comprised the Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah (BTM) in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The data collection techniques included questionnaires and an in-depth interview, and the framework was validated by the main participants.

Findings

This study showed that BTMs have implemented risk management using different standards. However, such risk management is carried out partially while prioritising certain risks and using different methods. The risk of Sharia compliance is the most recognised risk, while financing and operational risks are the most anticipated, because these two risk types directly impact financial performance and sustainability. In general, a risk management model can improve financial performance and sustainability. Nevertheless, there are obstacles in implementing risk management at BTMs, which include weak human resources, the employee selection process, human resource development and a good control system.

Originality/value

This research explored best practices for risk management in IMFIs and may contribute to the development of risk management in such institutions to maintain the financial performance and sustainability of their services.
The study of renewable energy and economic development
Authors: Chen Jo-Hui , Cheng Yun-Chen
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the factors influencing renewable energy output.

Design/methodology/approach

The panel data model was used to analyze the fixed and random effects.

Findings

The results showed that economic development, environmental-related technology patents, renewable energy consumption and the publication of papers and periodicals contributed to enhancing renewable energy production. Wind power generation’s adjustment speed is faster than that of solar power generation in the renewable energy sector. The use of renewable energy was affected by the weather and related costs.

Originality/value

Many countries choose energy with reasonable prices and stable power generation and use renewable energy as additional backup power.
Expansion of special education and promotion of inclusive education in China: conflict or cooperation? Stakeholders' views
Authors: Alduais Ahmed , Deng Meng
Published: March 2022

A key objective of inclusive education is to provide learners with special educational needs with an environment that fosters a sense of belonging. They lose the sense of belonging when they feel being separated from the rest of society. Segregation is, however, a logically necessary method and means of the pursuit of inclusion. The focus of this study was to uncover the experiences and views of Chinese stakeholders regarding the possible conflict between expansion of special education (i.e., segregation, exclusion) and promotion of inclusive education (i.e., inclusion, mainstreaming). We conducted in‐depth interviews with nine academics, administrators, and practitioners to better understand the possible impact of inclusive education on regular education. The main finding is that special education can be provided in four forms which the participants argued is an advantage to meet the needs of all learners. They argued that giving home education for learners with high severity, attending special education schools and mainstreaming schools are rehabilitation methods to prepare learners for full integration should they prove successful. The study contributes to a broader understanding of how special education is provided in China and its potential effects on regular education (e.g., challenges in teacher preparation, lack of resources).
Field evaluation of UAV‐based tracking method for localization of small insects
Authors: Kim Bosung , Ju Chanyoung , Son Hyoung Il
Published: March 2022

Small invasive insects cause a reduction or disappearance of native insects, causing biodiversity problems. Therefore, tracking small insects is emerging as a method for biodiversity protection and ecosystem management; studies using tracking techniques, such as harmonic radar, RFID, and radio telemetry, are being conducted. A system using a mobile vehicle and a mobile robot that enhances the mobility of the existing passive tracking is currently being studied. We confirmed that radio telemetry is suitable for tracking insects by comparing the communication distance, weight, and lifespan of the transmitter in our previous study and developed a UAV‐based tracking method. In this study, we quantified the size of insects and conducted behavior, traceability, and field tests to verify the feasibility and performance of the developed system. We confirmed that the transmitter attachment did not affect the behavior of the insect, and the three‐dimensional movement of the insect did not affect the tracking performance. Furthermore, the tracking experiment was successfully conducted in a real environment. Thus, we quantitatively evaluated the performance of the proposed system and suggested a method to trace small‐sized insects.
Comparison of genomic prediction methods for residual feed intake in broilers
Authors: He Zhengxiao , Li Sen , Li Wei , Ding Jiqiang , Zheng Maiqing , Li Qinghe , Fahey Alan G. , Wen Jie , Liu Ranran , Zhao Guiping
Published: March 2022

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of the feed efficiency of animals. Previous studies have identified SNPs associated with RFI. The objective of this study was to compare the GBLUP model with the GA‐BLUP model including previously identified associated SNPs. The nine associated SNPs were obtained from the genome‐wide association study on a discovery population as preselection information. These models were analysed using ASREML software using a 5‐fold cross‐validation method on a validation population. With the genetic architecture (GA) matrix used, which was conducted with the nine RFI‐associated SNPs, the prediction accuracy of RFI was improved compared with the original GBLUP model. The calculated optimal ω was 0.981 for RFI, which is in line with the optimal range from 0.9 to 1.0 in the gradient test. The prediction accuracy increased by 2% in the GA‐BLUP model with ω being 0.981 compared with the GBLUP model. In conclusion, the GA‐BLUP with the nine RFI‐associated SNPs and an optimal ω can improve the prediction accuracy for a specific trait compared with GBLUP.
Validation of central nervous system‐induced seizures and other neurological variables in the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register
Authors: Westergren Hanna , Marell Hesla Helena , Altman Maria , Wickström Ronny
Published: March 2022

Aim

We sought to validate neurological variables and relevant International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes in the Swedish Neonatal Quality (SNQ) Register.

Methods

Register data were collected for 351 neonates, born between January 2009 and December 2016, who were treated at a neonatal unit in the Stockholm region on 385 occasions. They were eligible if the check‐box for central nervous system (CNS)‐induced seizures was ticked. The Register data, including relevant ICD‐10 codes, were validated by checking the patients' electronic medical charts.

Results

Most of the neonates were born at term (76%) and weighed >2500 g (80%). The variable CNS‐induced seizures had a positive predictive value of 46%. The ICD‐10 diagnosis P90.9A had a positive predictive value of 90%. This comprises seizures validated with electroencephalography, amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography or continuous function monitoring. The majority of the associated neurological variables in the Register had positive predictive values above 85%.

Conclusion

When the check‐box was ticked for central nervous system‐induced seizures, most of the neurological variables in the Register had high validity. However, the CNS‐induced seizures variable per se had a lower positive predictive value. Future SNQ Register‐based studies of such neonatal seizures should also include ICD‐10 P90.9A.
Portuguese adolescents' cognitive well‐being and basic psychological needs during the COVID‐19 outbreak: A longitudinal study
Authors: Meireles Ana , Marques Sofia , Peixoto Maria Manuela , Sousa Mariana , Cruz Sara
Published: March 2022

Confinements and social distancing measures during COVID‐19 pandemic were particularly challenging to adolescents, impacting significantly their life and routines. Following a longitudinal design, this study sought to compare adolescents' cognitive well‐being—satisfaction with life, social support, and quality of life—before (T1) and during (T2) the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, it aimed to clarify the predictive value of the three dimensions of the cognitive well‐being to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of adolescents at school at T2. One thousand ninety‐nine Portuguese adolescents participated, showing generally increased scores in satisfaction with life, social support, and quality of life at T2. Even so, girls revealed lower changes in cognitive well‐being components compared with boys, between T1 and T2. In addition, satisfaction with life and quality of life were predictive of satisfaction of basic psychological needs at T2. This work highlights the relevance of cognitive well‐being as a dispositional dimension in determining the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in adolescence, during a worldwide catastrophic event.
Evaluating the success of a conservation reintroduction: The case of bull trout in the Wallowa River
Authors: Whitesel Timothy A. , DeHaan Patrick W. , Doyle Jeremiah , Adams Brice A. , Sankovich Paul M.
Published: March 2022

Bull trout in the Wallowa River watershed were considered extirpated in the 1950s. In 1997, bull trout from the adjacent Imnaha River watershed were reintroduced into the Wallowa River watershed. We evaluated whether bull trout are currently present in the Wallowa River watershed and, if so, whether they appear to be the result of the 1997 reintroduction. From 2010 to 2018, we captured 181 Salvelinus spp. The majority (64.5%) of these individuals were bull trout. Bull trout in the Wallowa River watershed were more genetically similar to those from the Imnaha River watershed (pairwise FST = 0.102) than to the other populations we examined. They also exhibited genetic evidence of a recent bottleneck (observed heterozygosity was 0.598, significantly greater than expected). Modeled estimates of size (541–581 mm), survival (<0.0001–0.0015 probability) and age (14–22 years) for the reintroduced fish indicated the bull trout captured in the Wallowa River watershed were unlikely to be remnants from 1997. These results suggest the 1997 reintroduction has resulted in natural reproduction and recolonization of bull trout in the Wallowa River watershed. Whether the abundance and genetic diversity of these bull trout is sufficient to allow the population to persist over an ecological time period is unclear.
Motor‐related health care for 5‐year‐old children born extremely preterm with movement impairments
Authors: Costa Raquel , Aubert Adrien M. , Seppänen Anna‐Veera , Ådén Ulrika , Sarrechia Lemke , Zemlin Michael , Cuttini Marina , Männamaa Mairi , Pierrat Véronique , van Heijst Arno , Barros Henrique , Johnson Samantha , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   the SHIPS research group
Published: March 2022

Aim

To (1) determine the proportion of 5‐year‐old children born extremely preterm (EPT) with movement difficulties including cerebral palsy (CP) and the proportion of these children receiving motor‐related health care (MRHC), and (2) describe factors associated with receiving MRHC.

Method

Children born before 28 weeks’ gestation in 2011 to 2012 in 11 European countries were assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC‐2) at 5 years of age. Information on family characteristics, child health including CP diagnosis, and health care use were collected using parent‐report questionnaires. MRHC was defined as visits in the previous year with health care providers (physical and occupational therapists) specialized in assessing/treating motor problems. We analysed receipt of MRHC and associated factors among children at risk of movement difficulties (MABC‐2 score 6th–15th centiles), with significant movement difficulties (SMD; ≤5th centile) or with CP.

Results

Of 807 children assessed at 5 years 7 months (SD 4 months; 4 years 7 months–7 years 1 month), 412 were males (51.1%), 170 (21.1%) were at risk of movement difficulties, 201 (24.9%) had SMD, and 92 (11.4%) had CP. Those who received MRHC comprised 89.1% of children with CP, 42.8% with SMD, and 25.9% at risk of movement difficulties. MRHC for children with SMD varied from 23.3% to 66.7% between countries. Children were more likely to receive MRHC if they had other developmental problems or socioemotional, conduct, or attention difficulties.

Interpretation

Efforts are needed to increase MRHC for 5‐year‐old children born EPT with movement difficulties.

What this paper adds

Children born extremely preterm without cerebral palsy frequently experienced motor difficulties.

Most of these children were not receiving motor‐related health care (MRHC).

Large geographical differences throughout Europe were observed in receipt of MRHC.

Socioemotional problems were related to MRHC use.
Digital Module 28: Unusual Things That Usually Occur in a Credentialing Testing Program
Authors: Feinberg Richard A. , Morrison Carol , Raymond Mark R.
Published: March 2022

Formal graduate education in a measurement related field provides a solid foundation for professionals who work on credentialing examinations. Those foundational skills are then expanded and refined over time as practitioners encounter complex and nuanced challenges that were not covered by or go beyond the context described in textbooks. For instance, as most of us who work on operational testing programs are (sometimes) painfully aware, real data can be very messy. Often unanticipated situations arise that can create a range of problems from threats to score validity, to unexpected financial costs, and even longer‐term reputational damage. In practice, solutions for these unanticipated situations are not always straightforward, often requiring a compromise between psychometric best practices, business resources, and needs of the customer. In this module we discuss some of these unusual challenges that usually occur in a credentialing program. First, we provide a high‐level summary of the main components of the assessment lifecycle and the different roles within a testing organization. Next, we propose a framework for qualifying risk along with various considerations and potential actions for managing these challenges. Lastly, we integrate this information by presenting a few scenarios that can occur in practice that should help learners think though applicable team‐based problem‐solving and better align recommended action from a psychometric perspective given the context and magnitude of the challenge.