bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of black phosphorus nanosheets into poly(propylene fumarate) biodegradable bone cement to enhance bioactivity and osteogenesis
Authors: Chen Jiahan , Huang Xiaoxia , Wang Jianghua , Chen Wen , Teng Yong , Yin Dongfeng
Published: January 2024

Background

Injectable bone cement is commonly used in clinical orthopaedics to fill bone defects, treat vertebral compression fractures, and fix joint prostheses during joint replacement surgery. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) has been proposed as a biodegradable and injectable alternative to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Recently, there has been considerable interest in two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus nanomaterials (BPNSs) in the biomedical field due to their excellent photothermal and osteogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the biological and physicochemical qualities of BPNSs mixed with PPF bone cement created through thermal cross-linking.

Methods

PPF was prepared through a two-step process, and BPNSs were prepared via a liquid phase stripping method. BP/PPF was subsequently prepared through thermal cross-linking, and its characteristics were thoroughly analysed. The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, osteogenic performance, degradation performance, photothermal performance, and in vivo toxicity of BP/PPF were evaluated.

Results

BP/PPF exhibited low cytotoxicity levels and mechanical properties similar to that of bone, whereas the inclusion of BPNSs promoted preosteoblast adherence, proliferation, and differentiation on the surface of the bone cement. Furthermore, 200 BP/PPF demonstrated superior cytocompatibility and osteogenic effects, leading to the degradation of PPF bone cement and enabling it to possess photothermal properties. When exposed to an 808-nm laser, the temperature of the bone cement increased to 45–55 °C. Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections from the in vivo toxicity test did not display any anomalous tissue changes.

Conclusion

BP/PPF exhibited mechanical properties similar to that of bone: outstanding photothermal properties, cytocompatibility, and osteoinductivity. BP/PPF serves as an effective degradable bone cement and holds great potential in the field of bone regeneration.
Digital health interventions for all? Examining inclusivity across all stages of the digital health intervention research process
Authors: Krukowski Rebecca A. , Ross Kathryn M. , Western Max J. , Cooper Rosie , Busse Heide , Forbes Cynthia , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Allmeta Anila , Silva Anabelle Macedo , John-Akinola Yetunde O. , König Laura M.
Published: January 2024

Digital interventions offer many possibilities for improving health, as remote interventions can enhance reach and access to underserved groups of society. However, research evaluating digital health interventions demonstrates that such technologies do not equally benefit all and that some in fact seem to reinforce a “digital health divide.” By better understanding these potential pitfalls, we may contribute to narrowing the digital divide in health promotion. The aim of this article is to highlight and reflect upon study design decisions that might unintentionally enhance inequities across key research stages—recruitment, enrollment, engagement, efficacy/effectiveness, and retention. To address the concerns highlighted, we propose strategies including (1) the standard definition of “effectiveness” should be revised to include a measure of inclusivity; (2) studies should report a broad range of potential inequity indicators of participants recruited, randomized, and retained and should conduct sensitivity analyses examining potential sociodemographic differences for both the effect and engagement of the digital interventions; (3) participants from historically marginalized groups should be involved in the design of study procedures, including those related to recruitment, consent, intervention implementation and engagement, assessment, and retention; (4) eligibility criteria should be minimized and carefully selected and the screening process should be streamlined; (5) preregistration of trials should include recruitment benchmarks for sample diversity and comprehensive lists of sociodemographic characteristics assessed; and (6) studies within trials should be embedded to systematically test recruitment and retention strategies to improve inclusivity. The implementation of these strategies would enhance the ability of digital health trials to recruit, randomize, engage, and retain a broader and more representative population in trials, ultimately minimizing the digital divide and broadly improving population health.
Large-scale comparison of machine learning methods for profiling prediction of kinase inhibitors
Authors: Wu Jiangxia , Chen Yihao , Wu Jingxing , Zhao Duancheng , Huang Jindi , Lin MuJie , Wang Ling
Published: January 2024

Conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) play a key role in the selectivity prediction of kinase inhibitors. A number of models based on available datasets can be used to predict the kinase profile of compounds, but there is still controversy about the advantages and disadvantages of ML and DL for such tasks. In this study, we constructed a comprehensive benchmark dataset of kinase inhibitors, involving in 141,086 unique compounds and 216,823 well-defined bioassay data points for 354 kinases. We then systematically compared the performance of 12 ML and DL methods on the kinase profiling prediction task. Extensive experimental results reveal that (1) Descriptor-based ML models generally slightly outperform fingerprint-based ML models in terms of predictive performance. RF as an ensemble learning approach displays the overall best predictive performance. (2) Single-task graph-based DL models are generally inferior to conventional descriptor- and fingerprint-based ML models, however, the corresponding multi-task models generally improves the average accuracy of kinase profile prediction. For example, the multi-task FP-GNN model outperforms the conventional descriptor- and fingerprint-based ML models with an average AUC of 0.807. (3) Fusion models based on voting and stacking methods can further improve the performance of the kinase profiling prediction task, specifically, RF::AtomPairs + FP2 + RDKitDes fusion model performs best with the highest average AUC value of 0.825 on the test sets. These findings provide useful information for guiding choices of the ML and DL methods for the kinase profiling prediction tasks. Finally, an online platform called KIPP (https://kipp.idruglab.cn) and python software are developed based on the best models to support the kinase profiling prediction, as well as various kinase inhibitor identification tasks including virtual screening, compound repositioning and target fishing.
Secure semantic search using deep learning in a blockchain-assisted multi-user setting
Authors: Khan Shahzad , Abbas Haider , Binsawad Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Deep learning-based semantic search (DLSS) aims to bridge the gap between experts and non-experts in search. Experts can create precise queries due to their prior knowledge, while non-experts struggle with specific terms and concepts, making their queries less precise. Cloud infrastructure offers a practical and scalable platform for data owners to upload their data, making it accessible to intended data users. However, the contemporary single-owner/single-user (S/S) approach to DLSS schemes falls short of effectively leveraging the inherent multi-user capabilities of cloud infrastructure. Furthermore, most of these schemes delegate the dissemination of secret keys to a single trust point within the mutual distrust scenario in cloud infrastructure. This paper proposes a Secure Semantic Search using Deep Learning in a Blockchain-Assisted Multi-User Setting $$(S^3DBMS)$$

(

S
3

D
B
M
S
)

. Specifically, the seamless integration of attribute-based encryption with transfer learning allows the construction of DLSS in multi-owner/multi-user (M/M) settings. Further, blockchain’s smart contract mechanism allows a multi-attribute authority consensus-based generation of user private keys and system-wide global parameters in a mutual distrust M/M scenario. Finally, our scheme achieves privacy requirements and offers improved security and accuracy.
Risk factors, clinical presentation and 1-year outcome of ischemic stroke caused by small artery disease
Authors: Elgammal Tarek Mohammed , Fayed Hazem Abd El Rahman , El Shamy Ahmed Mohamad Basiouny , Eltomy Mohammed Adel , Awwad Moustafa Mahgoub
Published: January 2024

Background

The prevalence of ischemic stroke (IS) caused by small-artery disease (SAD) is increasing recently. The present study aimed to report the risk factors, clinical presentations and outcome in patients presented with IS due to SAD with follow up for one year. The present study included 100 patients with IS due to SAD diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiological findings. All patients were submitted to careful history taking, thorough clinical examination and standard laboratory work-up. Assessment of neurological functions was achieved using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Cognitive functions were evaluated using Trail making test, Stroop color word test, Arithmetic test, Vocabulary test, Wechsler adult intelligence scale IV digit span forward assessment and backward assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done using a standard 1.5 Tesla unit. According to radiological findings, patients were classified into three groups: GI (n = 40) with IS due to SAD, GII (n = 30) with IS due to SAD plus internal watershed infarcts and GIII (n = 30) with IS due to SAD plus large artery infarctions (n = 30).

Results

Comparison between the three groups regarding the reported risk factors identified significantly lower frequency of hyperlipidemia in GI patients as compared to GII and GIII patients (35.0% versus 60.0% and 66.7% respectively, p = 0.018). Clinically, it was shown that GI patients had significantly higher frequency of dizziness, dysphasia and tinnitus in comparison to the other two groups. It was also shown that those patients had significantly lower mean cortical thickness at the end of follow up (3.12 ± 0.9 versus 2.22 ± 0.8, p = 0.031). Finally, MRI brain volumetric study showed significantly decreased total cerebral cortical volume (TCCV) (589,456 ± 1689 versus 559,152 ± 1459) and total cerebral white matter volume (TCWMV) (521,546 ± 1785 versus 501,306 ± 1259) at the end of follow up.

Conclusions

Ischemic stroke caused by small artery disease is related to poor outcome with deterioration of cognitive functions.
Prognostic Impact of Hypothalamic Perforation in Adult Patients With Craniopharyngioma: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gaillard Stephan , Benichi Sandro , Villa Chiara , Jouinot Anne , Vatier Camille , Christin-Maitre Sophie , Raffin-Sanson Marie-Laure , Jacob Julian , Chanson Philippe , Courtillot Carine , Bachelot Anne , Bertherat Jérôme , Assié Guillaume , Baussart Bertrand
Published: January 2024

Context

Outcome of craniopharyngioma is related to its locoregional extension, which impacts resectability and the risk of surgical complications. To maximize resection and minimize complications, optic tract localization, temporal lobe extension, and hypothalamic involvement are essential factors for surgical management.

Objective

To assess the outcome of craniopharyngiomas depending on their relation to the hypothalamus location.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 79 patients with a craniopharyngioma who underwent surgery from 2007 to 2022. Craniopharyngiomas were classified in 3 groups, depending on the type of hypothalamus involvement assessed by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging: infra-hypothalamic (type A, n = 33); perforating the hypothalamus (type B, n = 40); and supra-hypothalamic (type C, n = 6). Surgical strategy was guided by the type of hypothalamic involvement, favoring endonasal approaches for type A and type B, and transcranial approaches for type C.

Results

Long-term disease control was achieved in 33/33 (100%), 37/40 (92%), and 5/6 (83%) patients in type A, B, and C, respectively. In type B, vision was improved in 32/36 (89%) patients, while hypothalamic function was improved, stable, or worsened in 6/40 (15%), 32/40 (80%), and 2/40 (5%) patients, respectively. Papillary craniopharyngiomas were found in 5/33 (15%), 9/40 (22%), and 3/6 (50%) patients in types A, B, and C, respectively. In 4 patients, BRAF/MEK inhibitors were used, with significant tumor shrinkage in all cases.

Conclusion

Craniopharyngiomas located below the hypothalamus or perforating it can be safely treated by transsphenoidal surgery. For supra-hypothalamic craniopharyngiomas, postoperative results are less favorable, and documenting a BRAF mutation may improve outcome, if targeted therapy was efficient enough to replace surgical debulking.
Profiling of Unfolded Protein Response Markers and Effect of IRE1α-specific Inhibitor in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Morita Shuhei , Uraki Shinsuke , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Tsuji Tomoya , Doi Asako , Furuta Hiroto , Yamoto Toshikazu , Nakao Naoyuki , Akamizu Takashi , Matsuoka Taka-aki
Published: January 2024

Context

Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins, regulate the unfolded protein response (UPR). These molecules have recently gained attention as a novel therapeutic target in secretory tumors. The roles of the UPR in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are unclear.

Objective

To clarify UPR profiling of PitNETs and to investigate the effect of pharmacological modulation of UPR by KIRA8, a newly developed IRE1α-specific inhibitor.

Methods

In 131 patients with PitNETs, we evaluated RNA expression of UPR markers in PitNETs and their clinical phenotypes. Using GH3 cells, we examined the effects of KIRA8 and its combination with octreotide on UPR profiling, cell growth, and apoptosis.

Results

Cytoprotective adaptive-UPR (A-UPR) markers were more increased in functioning PitNETs (FPitNETs, n = 112) than in nonfunctioning PitNETs (NFPitNETs, n = 19), while there was no difference in proapoptotic terminal-UPR (T-UPR) markers. Similarly, overt somatotroph tumors (STs, acromegaly, n = 11) increased A-UPR compared with silent STs (n = 10). In STs, serum IGF-1 levels were inversely correlated with Txnip mRNA expression, a representative T-UPR marker. KIRA8 inhibited cell growth and facilitated apoptosis in GH3 cells with increased expressions of T-UPR markers, which was enhanced by the combination with octreotide. Octreotide increased mRNA expression of Txnip and Chop, but decreased spliced Xbp1 under ER stress. Octreotide is suggested to inhibit activation of IRE1α but to reciprocally induce T-UPR under PERK.

Conclusion

UPR markers in FPitNETs are implicated as dominant A-UPR but blunted T-UPR. KIRA8, enhanced with octreotide, unbalances the UPR, leading to antitumor effects. Targeting IRE1α may provide a novel strategy to treat PitNETs.
Zionism as a Failed Cultural Revolution
Authors: Nir Oded
Published: January 2024

This article argues that Mao’s writing on contradiction and cultural revolution allows us to understand Zionism in a unique Marxist perspective, as a failed cultural revolution. The author first presents Mao’s writing on contradictions, and the historical interactions among them, and then elaborates Mao’s understanding of cultural revolution, emphasizing Fredric Jameson’s appropriation of it as the second moment of revolution: the transformation of human practice after the seizure of power. The article argues that Zionism can be understood, first, as a Maoist intervention into a primary political contradiction: the exclusion of Jews from European capitalist society. Once Zionism becomes a hegemonic power, its failure to achieve socialism can be considered a failure of cultural revolution. Such understanding of Zionism makes it possible to see it as part of global predicament: a result of capitalism’s continued existence rather than an arbitrary colonial evil.
Weighted Utility and Optimism/Pessimism: A Decision-Theoretic Foundation of Various Stochastic Dominance Orders
Authors: Wang Tao , Lehrer Ehud
Published: January 2024

We show that a probability distribution likelihood ratio dominates another distribution if and only if, for every weighted utility function, the former is preferred over the latter. Likewise, a probability distribution hazard rate (or reverse hazard rate) dominates another distribution if and only if, the former is preferred by every optimistic (or pessimistic) decision maker. (JEL D11, D83)
Sources, functions and meaning of Raphael's imagery in the Vatican stanze
Authors: Γραβάνης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2024

Η διατριβή μελετά τις εικονογραφίες των Δωματίων του Ραφαήλ στο ιστορικό πλαίσιο της διακόσμησής τους (1508-24) και το φυσικό πλαίσιο της τοποθεσίας τους στο Παλάτι του Βατικανού. Επιχειρεί μια κριτική επανεξέταση της εκτεταμένης βιβλιογραφίας του θέματος, νέες εικονογραφικές ερμηνείες των νωπογραφιών του Ραφαήλ, διερεύνηση νωπογραφιών που δεν εκτελέστηκαν ή καταστράφηκαν στο πέρασμα του χρόνου, αναθεώρηση χρονολογιών και κατανόηση διαδικασιών σχεδιασμού. Ανεξαρτήτως θεματικών τροποποιήσεων και επικαιροποιήσεων, η διακόσμηση κάθε δωματίου αντιμετωπίζεται ως μια συνεκτική καλλιτεχνική ενότητα συμβατή με την πρακτική χρησιμότητα του κάθε δωματίου. Τα Δωμάτια του Ραφαήλ εξετάζονται ως μέρη μιας ευρύτερης συμβολικής δομής χαρακτηριζόμενης από εικονογραφική συνέχεια και αλληλένδετα δίκτυα νοήματος. Επιχειρείται μία καλύτερη κατανόηση της ευέλικτης διαδικασίας σύνθεσης και επεξεργασίας λεπτομερών εικονογραφικών προγραμμάτων στο Παλάτι του Βατικανού του 16ου αιώνα και προτείνονται νέες μέθοδοι κατανόησης της καινοτόμου εικονογραφικής προσέγγισης του Ραφαήλ, ιδίως όσον αφορά τεχνικές διακειμενικής αφήγησης και ολιστικής θέασης. Έμφαση δίνεται στη δημιουργική αντιμετώπιση και επεκτατική προσέγγιση του καλλιτέχνη προς το προδιαγεγραμμένο θέμα, τη συστηματική εφεύρεση τοπογραφικών και γεωγραφικών πλαισίων εικονογραφικής αναφοράς, και τη χειραγώγηση του φυσικού φωτός με σκοπό την δημιουργία ιερού εικαστικού χώρου και οραματικής εμπειρίας. Άλλα πρωτότυπα ευρήματα περιλαμβάνουν την υποερευνημένη αλληλεπίδραση της τέχνης του Ραφαήλ με επιστημονικές θεωρίες της εποχής, ριζοσπαστικές οπτικές ερμηνείες της ιατρικής θεωρίας των τεσσάρων χυμών του σώματος, καθώς και ποικίλλες μορφές έμπνευσης του Ραφαήλ από τις ακουστικές τέχνες της ποίησης και της μουσικής εντός του θριαμβευτικού συγκειμένου μιας νέας Χρυσής Εποχής για την παπική Ρώμη.
O źródłach i formach idei etyczności, a także moralności uczonych oraz nauki w XVII i XVIII wieku.
Authors: Pietrzak Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

Rozważania o moralności i etyczności uczonych oraz wiedzy będącej efektem ich prac, sugerują, że twórcy i ich dzieła powinni być obdarzeni jakimiś wyjątkowymi predyspozycjami moralnymi, poznawczymi oraz intelektualnymi, a zatem muszą funkcjonować jakieś pożądane i akceptowane wzorce „cnót”, którymi powinien szczycić się uczony, a także sama nauka. Pojawia się pytanie, jakie miałyby one być? Powyższa kwestia jest interesująca w kontekście dyskursu kształtującego oblicze nauki nowożytnej, dyskursu, w którym formułowano oczekiwania, co do etyczności, moralności nauki i uczonych. Można byłoby powiedzieć, że te oczekiwania mają znaczenie także i dzisiaj, mimo że zmieniła się nauka, społeczeństwa i ustroje oraz wymagania ludzi wobec nauki. Uprawianie nauki wymagało (i nadal wymaga) swobody twórczej. Jednakże instytucjonalizacja środowiska akademickiego zakładała podległość wobec władz, podległość, która generowała (i generuje) napięcie między potrzebą niezależności naukowej, a wymaganiami „sponsorów”. Także relacje między nauką, a polityką były przedmiotem rozważań wielu uczonych i filozofów, szczególnie gdy uwzględnimy aspekt moralności nauki i moralnej odpowiedzialności uczonych. Rozważania na ten temat są efektem lektury książki Richarda Holmesa Wiek cudów. Jak odkrywano piękno i grozę nauki, w której autor – opisując życiorysy uczonych, ale przede wszystkim ich dokonania oraz przeciwności, na jakie natrafiali – nieustannie podkreśla moralne i etyczne aspekty związane z osobowością uczonych i ich działalnością.
Awatar totalny. Wokół koncepcji cyberimmortalizmu.
Authors: Kuczyński Bartosz
Published: January 2024

Problematyka artykułu skupia się wokół zagadnienia awataryzacji w kontekście transhumanistycznej koncepcji cyberimmortalizmu. Awataryzacja jest omawiana jako proces uobecniania się człowieka pod postacią cyfrową, czego ostatecznym etapem ma być – według niektórych transhumanistów i futurystów – wyłonienie się cyfrowego post-człowieka. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka cyberimmortalizmu na tle innych transhumanistycznych nurtów oraz omówienie wyzwań związanych z ideą transferu umysłu (antropologicznych, metafizycznych oraz społecznych).
Dokumentacja Akademii Rolniczej w Dublanach, Szkoły Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Snopkowie oraz wybrane źródła genealogiczne w zbiorach Archiwum Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie
Authors: Jakubiec Paweł
Published: January 2024

Sources collected at the Library/Agricultural University of Krakow Archives, concerning the teaching of agriculture from the 19th century to the World War II period, related to schools established during the Galician period, provide an excellent basis for genealogical research. The agricultural university of Krakow itself is a continuation of the tradition of natural science education and draws its roots from the educational institutions discussed in the article. By undertaking a study of its history, it is possible to demonstrate intergenerational links between professors and students from the Galician period or the interwar period and academics from the People’s Republic of Poland and modern times. It is worth citing here, for example, the Miczyński family, Franciszek Nowotny, Kazimierz Kuźniar, Halina Bier, Konrad Kuhl, Walenty Wesołowski or not directly, such as through master-student relationships, best exemplified by professor Tadeusz Wojtaszek – rector of the AR in 1971-1981, a student of the two “doubles” professors Stanislaw Bac and Boleslaw Swietochowski. He repeatedly emphasised their merits as his mentors, and he himself later became the scientific mentor of professors and rectors, including Włodzimierz Sada (rector in 2012-2020). Thus, one can speak here of a kind of “genealogy” of Polish science dating back to Galician times.
Zmiany numeracji domów w Krakowie – zapisy w aktach hipotecznych (zarys problematyki)
Authors: Follprecht Kamila
Published: January 2024

The Austrian authorities, introducing the numbering of tenements in Krakow in the late 18th century, began the not easy process of precise identification of properties, which was connected with the requirements of the introduced tax system and preparations for the establishment of mortgage/land registers. Continuous numbering of all properties proved impractical, so it was gradually modified – in the middle of the 19th century, continuous numbering of tenements located in the Market Square was applied, and in the early 1880s the system of numbering properties within a street, which is still in effect today, was introduced. Tracing the impact of these changes on the records in the kept mortgage/land registry books will make it easier to identify the current addresses for the records in the surviving documentation of Krakow offices and courts from the 19th century.
Kolonizacja józefińska w galicyjskiej części Ordynacji Zamojskiej pod koniec XVIII w. Historia, źródła, problemy badawcze
Authors: Gierszon Michał
Published: January 2024

The article is dedicated to the issue of German colonisation in the Zamoyski family entail (Ordynacja Zamojska). It focuses on the perspective of a genealogist who is seeking information about German colonists in their family tree. The paper presents the key findings regarding the beginnings of German colonisation in the Zamoyski family entail, discusses available historical sources from the 18th and 19th centuries, and outlines the research challenges that one may encounter while conducting genealogical research.
Akta dyspens od przeszkód pokrewieństwa w Kościele katolickim Studium przypadku na przykładzie zasobu archiwum diecezji spiskiej
Authors: Jarosz Adrian
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the impediments of consanguinity that prevent the valid solemnisation of marriage in the Roman Catholic Church. It presents the method of calculating the degree of consanguinity in two systems. Using changes in canonical regulations as an example, the historical context of the formation of the Church’s position on marital impediments is illustrated. The primary source for analysis is the archival resources of the Spiš Diocese. The functioning of the bishopric chancellery from the late 18th to the early 20th century is presented. Based on preserved documents from the bishop’s office, the article shows how the institution of dispensation operated, granting couples permission to marry despite detected impediments. The article reflects on the practical aspects of using new sources for genealogical research (dispensation records), which in themselves serve as a kind of simplified genealogical table.
O ANTROPOCENO E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE NOVOS MUNDOS
Authors: Pereira Penteado Marina , Torres Sonia
Published: January 2024

Pensar o Antropoceno é apontar para a atual centralidade do medo do fim do mundo, que veio para tomar o lugar antes ocupado pelo messianismo no imaginário moderno. Mas de que mundo(s) estamos falando? O fato de nos referirmos à atividade humana como (de)formadora do mundo traz consigo significados ontológicos, epistemológicos e éticos subjacentes da maior importância, na medida em que levanta questões candentes a respeito da sobrevivência, da possibilidade de reforma política e dos futuros que podemos imaginar para a humanidade, no cenário das forças antropogênicas que vimos testemunhando. Diante desse quadro, propomos discutir alguns conceitos como distopia, memória, esgotamento e sustentabilidade, visando a levantar questões como o fim da separação entre natureza e cultura e do excepcionalismo humano, ou mesmo questionar as controvérsias que o uso da informação científica é capaz de gerar.
EVOLUÇÃO E FIM EM PLANETA DOS MACACOS
Authors: Martins Fabiane Alves
Published: January 2024

No romance Planeta dos Macacos,  de 1963, o escritor Pierre Boulle nos apresenta a história de Ulysse Mérou, um jornalista que embarca em uma viagem interestelar em busca de vida inteligente. Em sua jornada, Ulysse encontra um planeta que espelha uma realidade distorcida da Terra, na qual o homem é destituído de cultura, comunicação verbal, leis e religião, tendo como espécie dominante o símio. Desse modo, a partir de uma inversão de papéis que critica os elementos mais básicos das sociedades humanas em sua relação com os animais, Boulle mergulha seu leitor em um mundo que viu o fim da raça humana como a conhecemos. Porém, ao tematizar um futuro desolador para o homem, o romance oferece uma detalhada visão do passado, baseada em teorias da evolução humana, como as de Darwin (2018). Ao desconstruir uma determinada interpretação da evolução da vida, Boulle trabalha com a desmistificação de discursos redutores que estão na base de uma crença na superioridade humana sobre as demais espécies. Em meio aos ecos do que um dia teria sido a humanidade, a obra nos obriga a questionar a definição de humano, o que será refletido à luz das ideias do paleoantropólogo Pascal Picq (2014). Ao longo da narrativa, leitor e protagonista são levados a confrontar a fragilidade do conhecimento que o ser humano detém sobre a vida.
DISTOPIA E PÓS-APOCALIPSE EM PAISAGENS: THE ELECTRIC STATE, DE SIMON STÅLENHAG
Authors: Sasse Pedro
Published: January 2024

Ganhando considerável fama após a estreia da série Tales from the Loop pela Amazon Prime, o ilustrador sueco Simon Stålenhag, em entrevista para o The Guardian, confessou que escreveu o homônimo livro que inspirou a série devido a um incômodo com o tipo de história que o público projetava em suas pinturas. Para o autor, sua obra era futurista e não distópica, e a grande diferença residiria em que, no futurismo, há chocolate quente esperando por você em casa. A obra, profundamente marcada por um sentimento nostálgico de um narrador memorialista, aliada a uma estética retrofuturista, é capaz de recuperar uma relação com a tecnologia quase esquecida em um tempo de visões cada vez mais distópicas – ou apocalípticas – de qualquer futuro próximo. Dois anos depois do primeiro livro, Stålenhag lança Things from the Flood (2016), uma continuação de Tales from the Loop que, em alguma medida, desfaz parte de olhar nostálgico criado anteriormente. É, no entanto, apenas em 2017, ao lançar The Eletric State que Stålenhag se rende a uma visão distópica do mundo: deslocando sua história para um Estados Unidos alternativo de 1997, o autor nos mostra um país devastado por uma guerra tecnológica e em plenamente abandonado devido a um aparelho de realidade virtual que a permite a todos fugir de suas realidades precárias. Nas ruínas de uma distopia de consumo, se dá a jornada apocalíptica de Michelle e seu pequeno robô, em uma tentativa de fuga de um mundo moribundo. Buscamos, nesse trabalho, analisar de que forma o autor combina narrativa e pintura na construção de uma paisagem ao mesmo tempo distópica, pós-apocalíptica e retrofuturista, assim como refletir sobre a função complexa que a nostalgia estabelece nessa obra.
UMA DISTOPIA DO PRESENTE? O FUTURO EM A EXTINÇÃO DAS ABELHAS DE NATALIA BORGES POLESSO
Authors: Braga Neves Júlia
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir as representações de futuro em A extinção das abelhas (2021), de Natalia Borges Polesso. Parte-se da hipótese de que o mais recente romance da autora aponta para mudanças na estrutura temporal da história na contemporaneidade. Refletindo sobre uma extensão do presente na narrativa, construída por uma repetição contínua de ações, argumenta-se que a futuridade está associada ao movimento da protagonista, Regina, e de sua mãe Lupe. Porém, esse futuro não denota uma possibilidade de progresso, mas é calcado num adiamento do fim (o colapso final) e num desejo por um horizonte inédito e imprevisível. Por último, busca-se discutir o papel das noções de futuro e presente, relacionados à movimento e à estagnação, respectivamente, na construção das personagens Regina e Lupe e no desenvolvimento do enredo.
A impossibilidade da alteridade: Cyberpunk como reflexo pós-moderno do rechaço ao outro
Authors: Wurmli Robert Thomas Georg
Published: January 2024

A presente proposta tem o objetivo de avaliar a forma como a literatura e as outras artes concebem a pós-modernidade. Para isso, a pesquisa propõe averiguar, dentro dos limites e pressupostos da Literatura Comparada, a forma como o gênero Cyberpunk tem abarcado a sociedade de século XXI, com vistas, especificamente, à análise da construção das cidades dentro das obras, atrelada às configurações das personagens e ao processo de rechaço ao Outro. Assim, objetiva-se fundamentar a compreensão de que o gênero cyberpunk, diferentemente do que já foi sugerido outrora, assumiu funções de presentificação da vida cotidiana e não mais apenas sugere futuros distópicos, sendo, portanto, elemento cultural fundamental às pesquisas sobre outremização e pluriculturalidade.
A prosa poética de Raduan Nassar: um estudo da linguagem em Lavoura arcaica
Authors: Gonçalves Jivago Araújo Holanda Ribeiro
Published: January 2024

A prosa poética pode servir como artifício criativo que, a depender de sua manipulação, confere potencialidade existencial, matizes psicológicos mais aprofundados e uma exacerbação lírica dos modos de pensar e sentir dos personagens. Assim, este trabalho se propõe, primeiramente, a passar em revista as linhas de força das pesquisas que se dedicam ao deslindamento do funcionamento da linguagem na obra de Raduan Nassar. Em seguida, pontuamos a especificidade da prosa poética ao contrastar elementos da prosa e da poesia tal como os encontramos em Lavoura arcaica. Por fim, elaboramos uma interpretação do romance ancorados na perspectiva de que a linguagem aparece na obra como um elemento disruptivo em relação à clausura existencial infligida pelo contexto cultural no qual os personagens estão inseridos.
A Rua do Ouvidor e a escuta de Machado de Assis em “Tempo de Crise”
Authors: Caputo Elieni Cristina da Silva Amorelli
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apreender a escrita de Machado de Assis sobre a paisagem carioca a partir de seu conto “Tempo de crise”. Como o espaço percorrido pela narrativa é a Rua do Ouvidor do final do século XIX, esta será tomada como locus de observação e análise. São resgatados os acontecimentos do contexto histórico do Rio de Janeiro no período em que era capital do Segundo Reinado e modelo de metrópole brasileira. Dentre os textos teóricos que subsidiam o artigo estão os de Roger Bastide (2003), Katia Muricy (1988), Haroldo de Campos (1992) e Salete de Almeida Cara (2008), aportes para a compreensão das idiossincrasias do olhar e da escuta machadianos em relação à paisagem e aos tipos urbanos em ascensão. Como escritor crítico da herança europeia, o legado do autor brasileiro é marcado pela diferença e antropofagia.
AUTORIDADE E RESISTÊNCIA: A LITERATURA EVARISTIANA DENUNCIANDO VIOLÊNCIAS CONTRA A VOZ E O CORPO NEGROFEMININOS
Authors: Mineiro Imara Bemfica , Oliveira Valdício Almeida de
Published: January 2024

Este artigo aborda a autoridade evaristiana para denunciar a persistência de violências contra mulheres negras na contemporaneidade. Nessa perspectiva, compreendemos a literatura como parte dos direitos humanos (CANDIDO, 2011) bem como uma prática discursiva que reflete as relações de poder e as contradições da sociedade na qual é produzida (EAGLETON, 2006). Contextualmente, criticamos a ideia teórica do ensaio bartheano “A morte do autor” porque a biografia e as lutas antirracistas e antissexistas de Conceição Evaristo são cruciais para a compreensão de suas escrevivências. Além disso, realizamos uma leitura descritivo-interpretativa do conto “Aramides Florença”destacando práticas de violências contra o corpo negrofeminino. Portanto, ancoramos nossos argumentos, principalmente, nos pressupostos de: Bernd (1988), Duarte (2010), Gonzalez (1988), hooks (1995), Kilomba (2019), Lugones (2014) e Saffioti (2015).
AUTONOMIA E EPISTEME DO PENSAMENTO CRÍTICO AFRODESCENDENTE. APONTAMENTOS PARA A HISTORIOGRAFIA E CRÍTICA LITERÁRIA LATINO-AMERICANA
Authors: Mendes Rogerio
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo discute a ausência das contribuições afrodescendentes para o processo de formação da literatura hispano-americana pela historiografia e crítica literária e curricularização escolar. Atribui-se ao fato a predominância dos referentes civilizacionais eurocêntricos na América Latina em virtude das relações coloniais no continente. Ao apresentar como operam e sistematizam-se as cosmogonias e as cosmovisões africanas no continente americano, pretende-se dispor de sensibilidades para melhor entender e articular, através da História, Antropologia e Filosofia, a crítica e a compreensão da produção literária afrodescendente na América Latina. Reflexo no propósito que releva a motivação das Epistemologias do Sul, ao aproximar os fundamentos tradicionais e sapienciais que aproximam África e América, bem como reflexões do Coletivo Decolonial, no propósito de (re)pensar os desdobramentos históricos, políticos e sociais da relação entre a Modernidade e Colonialidade para a América Latina, de dentro do que propôs o conceito “Cidade Letrada” (RAMA, 1985) o estudo destaca importância e centralidade do patrimônio ancestral e produção crítica da epistemologia afrodescendente genuína e independente – como Afrorealismo (DUNCAN, 2006); “Pedagogia da Cimarronaje” (MENDES, 2019); Pedagogia das Encruzilhadas (RUFINO, 2018), “Inscritura”(QUEIROZ, 2007) etc. – no intuito de melhor visibilizar a contribuição e compreensão cultural e intelectual africana e afrodescendente no processo de formação do pensamento fundamental e crítico latino-americano.
Progressive malocclusion in adults: atypical aetiology resulting in iatrogenic acromegaly
Authors: Rae Jennifer , Cross David
Published: January 2024

The development of malocclusion in adulthood presents diagnostic and management challenges. The aetiology of any changes must be identified because this will influence patient management, particularly if surgical intervention is considered.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case demonstrates the importance of both awareness and clinical suspicion of acromegaly and highlights a novel aetiology of the disease.
Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning on STEAM-Based student’s worksheet analysis With Ecoprint Technique
Authors: Irdalisa Irdalisa , Zulherman Zulherman , Elvianasti Mega , Widodo Sri Adi , Hanum Erlia
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of project-based learning in enhancing the analysis of student worksheets in the domains of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) with the integration of the ecoprint technique, focusing on its influence on student motivation and creativity. This investigation was conducted as a quasi-experiment involving a sample size of 150 students selected through cluster sampling. Data collection was executed using standardized tests, with instrument validity ascertained through the Aiken index and instrument reliability determined via Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and descriptive quantitative methods. The study's findings reveal a significant disparity in the mean scores of both learning motivation and student creativity. In conclusion, the implementation of project-based learning coupled with STEAM-based student worksheet analysis utilizing the ecoprint technique yields a substantial enhancement in learning motivation and student creativity. These findings underscore the success of employing STEAM-based worksheets in conjunction with the ecoprint method to foster students' motivation and creativity, as ecoprint inherently encompasses all STEAM components within the manufacturing process.
Retirement migration
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides a deeper understanding of the social and economic characteristics of international retirement migration. It explores the diverse forms that retirement migration can take, including short-term and permanent versions, and scholars’ increased interest in these trends since the early 1980s. We describe the themes that appear the most in the literature on international retirement migration, such as lifestyle factors, ease of travel, transnational family ties and the globalisation of the health, housing and leisure markets targeting retirees in richer countries. We then develop interlinkages between retirement migration and precarity, and show how some scholars have explored this aspect since the early 2000s. Finally, we address ageism and how this shapes retirees’ living conditions in the Global North and, possibly, in international retirement migration contexts. We end the chapter by presenting our study and the sample, and briefly describing the places where we conducted the interviews in Spain, Costa Rica and Mexico.
Relying on global privileges
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

This chapter illuminates the ways in which retirement migrants can be both precarious and privileged. Transnationalism is central to understanding the local and global structures of retirement migration, and it is also shaped by global inequalities. First, citizens of the Global North are not all equally able to live transnationally because they have uneven possibilities to benefit from their retirement pensions and health insurance in the country of migration. Second, North–South migrants make use of global power relations rooted in postcolonial structures to bolster their socio-economic status at the expense of the local population. We begin this chapter by showing how our interviewees’ citizenship statuses allow them to move with relative ease between their home and host countries, as well as elsewhere. We then discuss the role that low-cost means of transportation and communication play in retirement migrants’ ability to engage in transnationalism. We highlight how global inequalities enable them to achieve better socio-economic positions while residing in poorer regions of the world. Finally, we explore the tensions that emerge from the participants’ experiences of migration, which reveal how local and global power relations intertwine in these contexts.
Introduction
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the book by first outlining why and how I came to the topic of domicide. It goes on to clarify that while the concept of home is linked to housing, it encompasses a more expansive set of feelings and relationship to place. It then contextualises how rights to home have been decimated during an era of austerity that has come to define much of the last decade or so. In particular, the ways in which austerity has been used to legitimise an assault by British governments on working-class people’s rights to home. The introduction ends by discussing the project’s methods and providing an overview of the remainder of the book.
The criminalisation of home: section 144 and its impact on London’s squatters
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: January 2024

Chapter 4 explores the impact of the criminalisation of squatting (section 144 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012) in England and Wales. I begin by providing an overview of squatting culture in London since the mid-twentieth century, including how anti-squatting sentiment became established as emphasis on the importance of property ownership grew. The chapter then outlines the events that led to the introduction of section 144. I go on to explore squatters’ experiences of the increasing regularity of forced eviction. The next part of the chapter examines the impact of section 144 on squatters’ mental health and wellbeing. I then look at how squatters are increasingly forced to justify their existence, for example as political and environmental activists, and how this further detaches the practice of squatting from one of homemaking. The chapter concludes by exploring the phenomenon of ‘property guardianships’, firms that rent out empty properties on behalf of landlords to ‘guardians’ to protect buildings from squatters, while at the same time appropriating squatter lifestyles. I argue that this practice signifies the ways in which squatting is simultaneously being erased and resurrected in a profitable capitalist format.
A theory of technology
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: January 2024

This chapter turns to the theorisation of technology itself. In an obvious way the whole book has been about technology but technology deserves a chapter in itself as researchers have not always been explicit or consistent when discussing the user’s relationship to digital tools. The chapter covers technocentric views of technology; the idea of an affordance; hybrid environments; assemblages of people and objects; the social shaping of tehcnology; and developing technology use in participatory ways.
Planning, participation and democratisation
Authors: Yuille Andy
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides a concrete and practical grounding in neighbourhood planning. It sets out the rationales behind its introduction, focusing on the contrast between the principles of public involvement in planning and the practical experience of citizens engaging with the planning system. It describes the procedural requirements on communities producing neighbourhood plans, and situates neighbourhood planning in the context of other planning reforms introduced at the same time. It goes on to discuss the dilemmas and contradictions of participatory democracy, with a focus on how they play out in this particular initiative. This includes critiques that participation can constitute ‘post-political’ governmentality, which removes the possibility of political contestation and only empowers citizens to make choices which support externally imposed agendas; can reinforce rather than challenge existing power relations; and prioritise parochial interests. It then provides some counter-arguments to these critiques and evidence of neighbourhood planning impacts on the ground.
Experience, evidence and examination
Authors: Yuille Andy
Published: January 2024

This chapter focuses on the production and use of evidence in neighbourhood planning, as one of the central knowledge practices through which the identities described in the previous chapter are enacted and come to dominate or be suppressed. It outlines the evidentiary requirements of neighbourhood planning in presenting local knowledge, and suggests why the kind of evidence produced to support a neighbourhood plan might be expected to be more expansive, inclusive and diverse than is traditional in planning. It documents two instances of evidence production, one from each case study, exploring how the neighbourhood planning groups interpreted what can count as evidence. It discusses the ways in which these enactments restrict the promised pluralisation of knowledge and ways of knowing in neighbourhood planning. It highlights conflicts between knowing localities as ‘abstract space’ and ‘lived place’. It concludes by reflecting on similarities and differences in the production and presentation of evidence in the other cases of participatory democracy considered.
Expertise, agency and power
Authors: Yuille Andy
Published: January 2024

This chapter further problematises the description of neighbourhood planning as a transfer of power from state to communities. It explores the idea of power not as a property that can be possessed or given, but rather as an effect that is produced through particular practices. It shows that while neighbourhood planners have been able to have material effects and to shape their neighbourhoods in ways that would not otherwise have been possible, their ability to do so is both fragile and precarious. They remain reliant on various types of certified expertise and the professionals that embody them, and as such are subject to displacement by those professionals from their notional position at the heart of the neighbourhood planning process. The chapter concludes by considering similar processes of reliance upon, and displacement by, external expertise and authority in the other cases of participatory democracy.
Introduction: Understanding and Responding to Pandemics in Criminal Justice
Authors: Kay Christopher , Case Stephen
Published: January 2024

The first chapter sets the context for the rest of the book. It briefly describes the emergence of COVID-19 before moving on to introduce the book’s core premise, that the holistic nature of criminal justice needs to be recognized when considering both the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and how we respond to pandemics in the future. Chapter outlines are also provided.
Emergence and Maturity in Policing COVID-19
Authors: Kawalek Peter , Coxhead John , Jackson Lisa
Published: January 2024

This chapter reviews the issues presented by a single police force in the United Kingdom through an inductive, grounded theory study incorporating interviews. In order to develop a theoretical account that is of value for future learning and practical preparation, the idea of ‘emergence’ is developed alongside a second concept, ‘maturity’. Emergence can be understood in terms of the manifestation of new levels of complexity in a dynamic situation, and maturity can be understood as the capacity for systematic responses that are appropriate and effective. A more mature organization is able to deploy a greater range of systematic responses to a solution or containment of some risk. A less mature organization relies more immediately and more often on the heroic action and in situ improvisation of its staff, in this case police frontline workers. The two concepts, therefore, serve as counterpoints. Emergence threatens to overwhelm; maturity seeks to contain.