bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on aluminum nitride/addition-cure liquid silicone rubber composite for high-voltage power encapsulation
Authors: Ou Zhenzhen , Gao Feng , Zhu Lingjian , Zhao Huaijun , Xun Zihan
Published: June 2021

In view of the development direction of high power and miniaturization of high-voltage power supply, higher requirements are put forward for the breakdown strength, thermal conductivity of packaging materials for its high voltage output module. An electric-insulated heat-conducted material with aluminium nitride as heat conducting filler and addition-cure liquid silicone rubber (ALSR) as matrix for high voltage power encapsulation has been studied. Initially, the thermal conductivity and breakdown strength of composites were explored at different filler fractions. With increase of filler fraction, the thermal conductivity increased and the breakdown strength decreased. Then, with the packaging module volume as the optimization objective and the working temperature as the optimization condition, the temperature distribution of high voltage power supply was studied by using the finite element method, and 40wt% filling fraction was selected as the optimal ratio. Finally, the actual packaging experiment of the high voltage module is carried out. and the variation of the output voltage and temperature with the working time is obtained. According to the experimental results, the output voltage of the high voltage module is basically stable, and the maximum surface temperature is 40.4°C. The practicability of the electric-insulated heat-conducted material has been proved.
TGF-β inhibition can overcome cancer primary resistance to PD-1 blockade: A mathematical model
Authors: Siewe Nourridine , Friedman Avner
Published: June 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated, over the recent years, impressive clinical response in cancer patients, but some patients do not respond at all to checkpoint blockade, exhibiting primary resistance. Primary resistance to PD-1 blockade is reported to occur under conditions of immunosuppressive tumor environment, a condition caused by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and by T cells exclusion, due to increased level of T regulatory cells (Tregs). Since TGF-β activates Tregs, TGF-β inhibitor may overcome primary resistance to anti-PD-1. Indeed, recent mice experiments show that combining anti-PD-1 with anti-TGF-β yields significant therapeutic improvements compared to anti-TGF-β alone. The present paper introduces two cancer-specific parameters and, correspondingly, develops a mathematical model which explains how primary resistance to PD-1 blockade occurs, in terms of the two cancer-specific parameters, and how, in combination with anti-TGF-β, anti-PD-1 provides significant benefits. The model is represented by a system of partial differential equations and the simulations are in agreement with the recent mice experiments. In some cancer patients, treatment with anti-PD-1 results in rapid progression of the disease, known as hyperprogression disease (HPD). The mathematical model can also explain how this situation arises, and it predicts that HPD may be reversed by combining anti-TGF-β to anti-PD-1. The model is used to demonstrate how the two cancer-specific parameters may serve as biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of combination therapy with PD-1 and TGF-β inhibitors.
Favipiravir-resistant influenza A virus shows potential for transmission
Authors: Goldhill Daniel H. , Yan Ada , Frise Rebecca , Zhou Jie , Shelley Jennifer , Gallego Cortés Ana , Miah Shahjahan , Akinbami Omolola , Galiano Monica , Zambon Maria , Lackenby Angie , Barclay Wendy S.
Published: June 2021

Favipiravir is a nucleoside analogue which has been licensed to treat influenza in the event of a new pandemic. We previously described a favipiravir resistant influenza A virus generated by in vitro passage in presence of drug with two mutations: K229R in PB1, which conferred resistance at a cost to polymerase activity, and P653L in PA, which compensated for the cost of polymerase activity. However, the clinical relevance of these mutations is unclear as the mutations have not been found in natural isolates and it is unknown whether viruses harbouring these mutations would replicate or transmit in vivo. Here, we infected ferrets with a mix of wild type p(H1N1) 2009 and corresponding favipiravir-resistant virus and tested for replication and transmission in the absence of drug. Favipiravir-resistant virus successfully infected ferrets and was transmitted by both contact transmission and respiratory droplet routes. However, sequencing revealed the mutation that conferred resistance, K229R, decreased in frequency over time within ferrets. Modelling revealed that due to a fitness advantage for the PA P653L mutant, reassortment with the wild-type virus to gain wild-type PB1 segment in vivo resulted in the loss of the PB1 resistance mutation K229R. We demonstrated that this fitness advantage of PA P653L in the background of our starting virus A/England/195/2009 was due to a maladapted PA in first wave isolates from the 2009 pandemic. We show there is no fitness advantage of P653L in more recent pH1N1 influenza A viruses. Therefore, whilst favipiravir-resistant virus can transmit in vivo, the likelihood that the resistance mutation is retained in the absence of drug pressure may vary depending on the genetic background of the starting viral strain.
The ultrastructure of infectious L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions constrains molecular models
Authors: Kamali-Jamil Razieh , Vázquez-Fernández Ester , Tancowny Brian , Rathod Vineet , Amidian Sara , Wang Xiongyao , Tang Xinli , Fang Andrew , Senatore Assunta , Hornemann Simone , Dudas Sandor , Aguzzi Adriano , Young Howard S. , Wille Holger
Published: June 2021

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a prion disease of cattle that is caused by the misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an infectious conformation (PrPSc). PrPC is a predominantly α-helical membrane protein that misfolds into a β-sheet rich, infectious state, which has a high propensity to self-assemble into amyloid fibrils. Three strains of BSE prions can cause prion disease in cattle, including classical BSE (C-type) and two atypical strains, named L-type and H-type BSE. To date, there is no detailed information available about the structure of any of the infectious BSE prion strains. In this study, we purified L-type BSE prions from transgenic mouse brains and investigated their biochemical and ultrastructural characteristics using electron microscopy, image processing, and immunogold labeling techniques. By using phosphotungstate anions (PTA) to precipitate PrPSc combined with sucrose gradient centrifugation, a high yield of proteinase K-resistant BSE amyloid fibrils was obtained. A morphological examination using electron microscopy, two-dimensional class averages, and three-dimensional reconstructions revealed two structural classes of L-type BSE amyloid fibrils; fibrils that consisted of two protofilaments with a central gap and an average width of 22.5 nm and one-protofilament fibrils that were 10.6 nm wide. The one-protofilament fibrils were found to be more abundant compared to the thicker two-protofilament fibrils. Both fibrillar assemblies were successfully decorated with monoclonal antibodies against N- and C-terminal epitopes of PrP using immunogold-labeling techniques, confirming the presence of polypeptides that span residues 100–110 to 227–237. The fact that the one-protofilament fibrils contain both N- and C-terminal PrP epitopes constrains molecular models for the structure of the infectious conformer in favour of a compact four-rung β-solenoid fold.
On trying to be collective
Authors: Hewitt Andrew , Jordan Mel
Published: June 2021

In this article we ask in what way can the notion of care, collectivizing and the collective become a primary part of contemporary art practice? And further, what types of art practices address these central tenets of democracy? We do this by reflecting on the political potential of care and its importance as a tool for achieving an equal society. Uniting the action of care and collectivity, we conclude that together these two undertakings represent a political force of commoning within the public sphere. Utilizing the writing of Beech, Hutchinson and Timberlake, who argue for collectivism over collaboration as a way towards societal change, we reflect upon the political implications for art when artists work collectively. We consider the practices and function of other art collectives examining their key purpose for acting collectively. We employ our previous practice as the Freee Art Collective, as well as our more recent work as the Partisan Social Club to consider in what ways our practice can be deemed collective.
Public installations or how to reclaim our rights as citizens
Authors: Haddad Rana
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the importance of reclaiming our rights as citizens and our public spaces by documenting two different public installations/performances that took place in Beirut. The first took place in Spring 2018 and was organized by BePublic Lab at the American University of Beirut, and the second was the Architectural Association Visiting School that took place in Beirut in Summer 2019. Both installations led to a series of interventions on the stretch between Gemmayzeh and Mar Mikhael, an area that has been witnessing gentrification in recent years. Both projects aim to trigger political engagement and raise public awareness in the face of the lack of public space, especially for the youth, in a city that is gradually moving towards a near total privatization of its public places. They emerged as a response to the sociopolitical strategies of depriving the citizens of their basic needs by privatizing what was once everyone’s. This article argues that urban interventions are an opportunity to address sociopolitical issues through spatial and temporal public installations. These installations, tailored to a human scale and anchored in the city as both art and architecture, reflect on the power of public interventions as urban catalytic tactics that engage with the people and challenge the blasé attitude of the citizens, pushing them to claim their rights to the city.
Inclusive history politics in the arts: Intervention at the Peace Cross St. Lorenz
Authors: Krenn Martin
Published: June 2021

The text discusses inclusion and social engagement in art, which are central to my practice. My projects operate at the interface between dialogical education and participatory as well as collective art making. By referring to Kester’s critique of New Labour policies of the late 1990s as leading to a de-radicalized Marxism I argue for an agonistic method that I connect with the idea of ‘radical inclusion’ as a strategic approach to democratization. The problem of Austrian history politics and how the country created the myth of Austria as the first victim of Nazi Germany is the main focus of my intervention at the Peace Cross St. Lorenz in Lower Austria, which serves as an example of my artistic practice of ‘radical inclusion’. The peace cross exists since the 1960s and is celebrating the Jockisch task force. Contemporary historical research has revealed that this combat group was actively involved in war crimes during the Second World War. To counter the myth of an innocent Wehrmacht I mounted in front of the cross a photomontage made in 1933 by the antifascist artist John Heartfield. Additionally, the memorial is augmented by five signboards which present collages produced by local school pupils during a workshop that took place over a period of six months.
Beyond the neo-liberal value discourse towards a concept of social wealth
Authors: Mahony Emma
Published: June 2021

A neo-liberal narrative dominates the cultural value discourse wherein the value of publicly funded art and higher education is increasingly assessed on the basis of extrinsic values. Higher education is expected to contribute to the knowledge economy and the arts to social amelioration, cultural tourism and regeneration. Such an overt focus on the extrinsic values of art and education sidelines their intrinsic values – how they contribute to the common good by promoting collective well-being and sustaining a critical public sphere. Rather than arguing for how their intrinsic values might be marshalled into this neo-liberal value discourse as many cultural analysts continue to do, this article calls for a redefinition of value based on principles of commoning. In place of ‘value’, it looks to the concept of ‘social wealth’, which is created by radical experiments in producing the commons. It considers how ‘art institutions of the common’ and ‘universities of the common’ that have emerged in recent years are producing forms of social wealth that offer a viable alternative to the neo-liberal discourse of value.
Contested Fronts Archive: Emancipatory urban practices for constructive conflict transformation
Authors: Stratis Socrates
Published: June 2021

Decolonizing archiving practices is about emancipatory actions rather than databases. It is about conveying a multitude of actions where conflictual narratives exist. The process of democratization of societies in conflict could take place by increasing the degree of access, of the constitution and of interpretation of archives that have to do with collective memory and urban knowledge. In spaces of conflict, however, any kind of public archive, and collective memory are under the control of the dominant political powers. They use them to sustain divisive status quos. ‘Contested Fronts: Commoning Practices for Conflict Transformation’ challenges such control. It is the curatorial project of the Cyprus pavilion, curated by the author, for the 15th Venice Biennale of Architecture. It is an open-source archive, part of an agonistic architecture, that assembles international spatial practices, networks and pedagogical programmes. They are complementary to an activist Cypriot project, the ‘Hands-on Famagusta’ project. They all offer methods, inspirations and imaginaries about constructively transforming conflicts by encouraging the emergence of emancipatory commoning practices to support the commons during a potential reunification of the divided island of Cyprus. In the article, I shortly discuss the political dimensions of archive and its use by critical spatial practices. I further on, discuss issues concerning conflict and how its transformation can have constructive or destructive consequences. Additionally, I unpack the three notions constituting the ‘Contested Fronts’ commoning practices, those of countermapping, threshold and controversy. I examine how ‘Contested Fronts’ constitute an open-source archive thanks to its content, to its performativity as well as to its manifestation in the form of exhibition-on-the move.
Sex Education (Netflix): representación de adolescentes LGTBIQ+ como recurso dramático
Authors: Valverde Maestre Águeda María , Pérez Rufí José Patricio
Published: June 2021

La evolución de los hábitos de consumo de los espectadores televisivos explican la renovación de su intereses como objetos de estudio. Entre las tendencias actuales, se encuentran la creación de producciones propias por las plataformas VOD, destacando las series de ficción protagonizadas por adolescentes. Este estudio analiza la representación de los adolescentes pertenecientes a la comunidad LGTBIQ+ en una serie original de Netflix, Sex Education, destacada por la diversidad en la tipología de sus personajes. Los resultados concluyen que incluso si las intenciones de la serie es la representación de la diversidad en las identidades, parte de la presentación de estereotipos.
Posicionamiento en los entornos digitales: el caso de Netflix y su interacción con los públicos
Authors: Villena Alarcón Eduardo , Fernández Torres María Jesús
Published: June 2021

Internet y el consumo de contenido audiovisual son dos términos indisociables. Es un hecho que la irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías ha modificado la forma de consumir contenido audiovisual en todo el mundo. Con mayor frecuencia, la ciudadanía visiona contenidos a través de Internet, lo que ha favorecido el surgimiento de nuevos modelos de negocio para hacer frente a las actuales necesidades. En este modelo de convergencia, Netflix ocupa un papel fundamental como plataforma. La investigación que aquí se expone tiene como objeto conocer la forma en la que Netflix está implementando su comunicación en redes sociales, determinar cómo los públicos la están recepcionando hasta llegar a posicionarla como una de las plataformas audiovisuales más exitosas del mercado e identificar las principales motivaciones de uso de las redes sociales de sus seguidores. Para ello, la metodología utilizada ha sido hipotético-deductiva y el estudio comprende una franja temporal de un año. La investigación arroja datos concluyentes que reflejan que Netflix no solo ha revolucionado la forma en la que accedemos a los contenidos audiovisuales, sino que también ha innovado en la forma de compartir contenidos a través de redes sociales para posicionar sus productos en la mente de sus suscriptores.
Aproximación al discurso de la acogida y la solidaridad en torno al rescate del buque Aquarius en una muestra de la prensa española
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: June 2021

Este estudio ofrece un análisis crítico del discurso de acogida y solidaridad que se genera en la prensa española en torno al rescate del buque Aquarius y una deconstrucción del binomio “nosotros-ellos”. Para ello, se analizarán las principales características lingüísticas de una muestra de noticias con el fin de profundizar en los discursos que presenta la prensa en torno a la ayuda humanitaria que ofreció España para acoger al Aquarius.

El corpus consiste en todas las noticias publicadas en la versión electrónica de los periódicos españoles El País, ABC, El Mundo y La Vanguardia desde el 10 de junio al 10 de julio de 2018. Los resultados revelan que se crea un discurso relacionado con la acogida y la solidaridad de los/as inmigrantes pero que éste lleva consigo potenciar el binomio “nosotros-ellos” en el que nosotros, España, se presenta de un modo muy positivo, en contraste con Italia.
Los nutricionistas españoles en las redes sociales: análisis de los mensajes con mayor engagement en Twitter, Facebook e Instagram
Authors: Marín Murillo Flora , Armentia Vizuete José Ignacio , Rodríguez González María del Mar , Marauri Castillo Iñigo
Published: June 2021

El interés por el mundo de la nutrición tiene también su reflejo en el ámbito de las redes sociales. Este artículo analiza la actividad de diez dietistas-nutricionistas -Julio Basulto, Miguel Ángel Lurueña, Juan Revenga, Virginia Gómez, Lucía Martínez, Aitor Sánchez, Carlos Ríos, Gabirela Uriarte, Juan Llorca y Victoria Lozada- en Twitter, Facebook e Instagram durante los dos años comprendidos entre 1 de julio de 2017 y el 3º de junio de 2019. Durante dicho periodo, el número de contenidos producidos por estos nutricionistas alcanzó las 29.655 unidades; que provocaron un total de 18.410.403 respuestas; lo que supone un promedio de 620 por mensaje. En la investigación se analizan en profundidad los diez tuits, posts y mensajes con mayor engagement en cada una de las tres redes sociales y se describen los 100 con mayor promedio en Twitter y Facebook, y los 200 primeros de Instagram. Del estudio se induce que, aunque la mayoría de las categorías temáticas presentes en estos mensajes están relacionadas directamente con la alimentación, también están presentes las de tipo confesional o las que se pueden considerar de autoayuda. Asimimo, se detectan marcadas diferencias en el eco alcanzado por los nutricionistas de cada red
La creación musical en el proceso cinematográfico. Una perspectiva crítica
Authors: Lázaro López José Ángel
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio aborda, desde una doble perspectiva, el estado de la cuestión de la utilización de la música en el cine. Desde la perspectiva académica, la bibliografía al respecto presenta un anquilosamiento histórico en una serie de lugares comunes que las nuevas iniciativas investigadoras no han logrado trascender, situándose éstas, a través de aproximaciones provenientes de marcos como la musicología, los estudios culturales, o la filosofía, en los márgenes de la teoría propiamente cinematográfica. En cuanto a la situación en el entorno industrial, los usos y rutinas actualmente instaurados, adolecen de los mismos vicios y problemas que ya venían siendo patentes desde las últimas cuatro décadas. A través de la revisión exhaustiva de los trabajos teóricos al respecto, y de la observación, estudio y recabado de experiencias profesionales en el ámbito de la industria cinematográfica, el presente trabajo analiza, no solo las causas de los problemas profesionales en la implementación de la música en las películas, sino su relación con la parálisis y falta de especificidad en los estudios teóricos recientes. A partir de este análisis, se proponen líneas de discusión para una readecuación epistemológica y didáctica de los estudios sobre la creación fílmica a través del elemento musical.
We are what we hear: metaphors in contemporary Spanish and English commercial hits
Authors: Camacho Díaz María Dolores , Fonseca Mora María Carmen
Published: June 2021

The subliminal messages transmitted by means of metaphors in songs could influence the development of critical thinking among our youngsters which will reflect on their personality later in life. The aim of this article is to analyse the discourse of the most popular commercial songs in English and Spanish of song-writers and the values they convey to metaphorical compositions. 452 metaphors were identified which have been analysed according to six high frequency themes: love, sexuality, happiness, ambition, madness and violence. The results of the discourse analysis indicate how metaphors are culture-bound and reinforce the idea of a distinct and varied perspective of life on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Based on the tendencies of composition of these commercial rhythms, results show that metaphors, being sexually provocative and socially controversial, are used as a strong marketing strategy to which our youngsters are constantly exposed to.
Ecerint incindi et extrahy lapides de lapidicina monasterii. Tensiones y conflictos en torno a las canteras durante la Edad Media hispana
Authors: Ledesma Antonio
Published: June 2021

El estudio de las canteras durante la Edad Media en la Península Ibérica constituye una herramienta fundamental para comprender el fenómeno constructivo que se desarrolla en todo el Occidente Medieval. Los testimonios localizados en la documentación no son muy numerosos y los que se vinculan con conflictos se constituyen como raras excepciones. Sin embargo, estos registros son sumamente ilustrativos del rol de estas propiedades, también sus materiales, y asimismo permiten engrosar el conocimiento existente sobre las dinámicas del poder en cuanto que en los litigios están representados los principales actores de la época. El concejo y los monasterios en la mayoría de las ocasiones. Los casos analizados corresponden desde finales del siglo xii hasta el primer cuarto del xiv y se identifican en los territorios de Castilla y de Aragón.
Introducción
Authors: Rodríguez Ana
Published: June 2021

Introducción
Haloperidol Use in the Emergency Department for Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea, Vomiting, and Abdominal Pain
Authors: Shahsavari Dariush , Reznick-Lipina Kaitlin , Malik Zubair , Weiner Mark , Jehangir Asad , Repanshek Zachary D. , Parkman Henry P.
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Haloperidol (HL) has successfully been used for nausea and abdominal pain in emergency departments (EDs). This study examines outcomes and predictive factors for clinical improvement of patients presenting to an ED with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain) who received HL.

METHODS:

Review of patients' records who presented to our ED between August 2016 and March 2019 with GI symptoms and received HL. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes were used to identify patients.

RESULTS:

In all, 281 patients (410 encounters) presented to the ED with GI symptoms and received HL for their symptoms: 66% were women, 32% had diabetes, 68% used marijuana, and 27% used chronic opioids. Patients received HL 1.1 ± 0.3 times with dose 2.5 ± 3.0 mg, mostly intravenously (84.6%). Total ED length of stay was 7.5 ± 3.9 hours (3.2 ± 2.1 hours before HL and 4.4 ± 3.4 hours after). Approximately 4.4% of patients developed side effects to HL, including 2 patients with dystonia which improved with medication before discharge. Most patients (56.6%) were discharged home while 43.2% were admitted to hospital mostly because of refractory nausea or vomiting (70.1%). Receiving HL as the only medication in the ED led to lower hospital admission (odds ratio = 0.25, P < 0.05). Diabetes, cannabinoid use, anxiety, male sex, and longer ED stay were associated with increased hospital admissions.

DISCUSSION:

Most patients treated in our ED with HL for GI symptoms, particularly nausea, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain, were successfully treated and discharged home. HL use seemed relatively safe and, when used as the only medication, led to less frequent hospital admissions.
Prestige and Gatekeeping in Postgraduate Journals: The Case of Postgraduate English
Authors: Brown Alistair James , Shack Anna-Rose , Virdee Douglass
Published: June 2021

Relatively little has been said about the opportunities and challenges of digital, open access publishing as it pertains to postgraduate-led journals catering to postgraduate researchers.This paper draws on the authors’ experiences with Postgraduate English, one of the longest-running, born-digital journals for postgraduate researchers in English studies. It makes the case for the benefit of such publications within the prestige economy and describes the ways in which quality can be assured, challenging those who might see postgraduate publications as further diluting the pool of high-quality research. At the same time, the paper raises critical questions about who really wins in postgraduate publishing. While those who publish and edit can benefit from the prestige indication of these activities, ultimately host institutions may gain more from the relationship via the hidden labour costs behind such activity.
The politics of the street: Street art, public writing and the history of political contest in Chile
Authors: Trumper Camilo
Published: June 2021

This commentary focuses on the politics of public space in democracy and dictatorship. It delves into what Peter Winn calls the revolution ‘from below’ from the perspective of urban conflict, suggesting a political history that attends to urban and visual culture as a crucial arena of political practice. It suggests that the often-conflictive battle over public spaces was, and continues to be, a mechanism by which an unprecedented range of citizens entered into an ongoing debate over the boundaries of citizenship, practice, politics and that this practice was adapted, transformed and reimagined over the last five decades. The struggle over streets and walls continues to be central to Chilean political history, and urban space remains a field of ongoing contest and debate: the estallido of social unrest in contemporary Chile connected a new generation of activists to this longer history of creative politics of protest and protest art and gave them the opportunity to articulate new forms of intersectional political thought in public space, even in the face of state-sponsored violence. Studying these forms of unrest reveals that theirs is an incisive, intersectional critique of the limits of the ‘transition to democracy’, of neoliberal democracies and of the legacies of dictatorship.
A ‘popular option’ for development? Reconsidering the rise and fall of Chile’s political economy of socialism
Authors: Frens-String Joshua
Published: June 2021

As Salvador Allende and his supporters forged a democratic path towards socialism, the task of building a more sovereign and egalitarian national economy became one of the Popular Unity (UP) revolution’s first priorities. To that end, Allende’s coalition promoted a massive downward redistribution of income during its first months in office while also extending state control over many of the country’s most essential industries. Chile’s food economy, including its agricultural sector, received special attention during this early period as both purchasing power and domestic production soared. However, when a combination of economic, ecological and political factors caused consumer production to stagnate, acute shortages for a wide range of goods raised questions about the viability of the UP’s plans for a more just consumer economy. The emergence of a powerful opposition movement also raised questions about the government’s reluctance to pursue substantive political changes at the same time that it implemented major economic reforms. By examining the political economy of the UP experiment in the context of Chile’s 2019–20 uprising against inequality and political exclusion, this article reconsiders the consequences of the UP’s inability to link economic transformations with changes in how political power was exercised in mid-century Chile.
Fifty years after Popular Unity: Chile’s estallido social in historical context
Authors: Frens-String Joshua , Harmer Tanya , Schlotterbeck Marian
Published: June 2021

In this article, the co-editors introduce key themes and contributions of this special issue of Radical Americas, particularly as they pertain to the 50th anniversary of Chile’s Popular Unity revolution (1970–3) and the more recent estallido social (social uprising), which began in Santiago de Chile in October 2019. They underline the historical context for contemporary events, arguing the need to recognise the influence, memory and significance of the past in the present.
Notes from the Editors, June 2021
Authors: The Editors -
Published: June 2021

buy this issue

Where capitalism itself is concerned, the dominant view is that the COVID-19 crisis constitutes a rare, unpredictable, and unlikely to be repeated occurrence. The world capitalist economy, we are informed, was fundamentally sound prior to the advent of this unforeseen exogenous shock, and it will revive quickly once the SARS-CoV-2 virus is under control. This received view, however, is incorrect on all counts.
The Guaidó Era
Authors: Emersberger Joe , Podur Justin
Published: June 2021

U.S. sanctions killed tens of thousands of Venezuelans before the recognition of Juan Guaidó as interim president in 2019 led to even more murderous sanctions. The message is that tremendous economic pain will be inflicted on the country until Nicolás Maduro is gone.
THE SOROGAN VERSION OF ACADEMIC MOTIVATION SCALE (AMS-VS) FOR ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Maba Aprezo Pardodi , Pratiwi Betty Dwi , Cahyani Anugrah Intan , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: June 2021

There are many instruments that have been developed by researchers to measure motivation. However, none of the instruments has been specifically designed to measure sorogan motivation on Islamic boarding school students (santri). Therefore, this article was written to discuss the processes of adaptation, testing the validity, and reliability of academic motivation scales to measure sorogan motivation of santri. The authors use Theory of Self Determination (Deci & Ryan, 1995), Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992), and AMS Bahasa Indonesia (Natalya & Purwanto, 2018) as guidelines in compiling indicators, aspects, and items of Academic Motivation Scale Sorogan Version (AMS-VS). Test adaptation guidelines issued by the International Test Commission (2018) are used in adapting the AMS. The data collected from 102 respondents were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results showed that AMS-VS is a proper and strong measurement to determine the level sorogan motivation of santri.
Lekcje odwagi a pokusa milczenia
Authors: Koc Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Artykuł opowiada o potrzebie przemyślenia na nowo sposobu opowiadania w szkole o relacjach polsko-żydowskich w kontekście Zagłady. Analiza nowych tekstów niefikcjonalnych przybliżających los Żydów w okupowanej Polsce oraz stosunek Polaków do tych dramatycznych wydarzeń, dawniej i dziś, autorstwa Anny Bikont, Mirosława Tryczyka oraz Marcina Kąckiego skłania do zastanowienia nad celowością takiej refleksji i sposobem jej urzeczywistniania. Zaproponowana w artykule koncepcja czytania egzystencjalnego, służąca kształtowaniu obywatelskiego sceptycyzmu wobec narracji omijającej tematy trudne i przemilczane, wydaje się cenną lekcją odwagi, potrzebną, by zmierzyć się z ksenofobią, dyskryminacją i językiem nienawiści we współczesnym świecie.
Trzy wiersze tworzące nieoczywistą serię – edukacja jako perspektywa (nie)obcości (o jednej lekcji akademickiej w klasie patronackiej)
Authors: Kuczyńska-Koschany Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

W powstałej po kryzysie uchodźczym perspektywie - koniecznej edukacyjnie - społecznej (nie)obcości przywołuję ideę i przebieg przeprowadzonej w II Liceum Ogólnokształcącym w Chojnicach lekcji akademickiej. Na szerszym tle pogromów (i przemocy społecznej) i w węższym kontekście pogromu kieleckiego porównano podczas tej lekcji trzy wiersze: Pieśń o zabiciu Andrzeja Tęczyńskiego [anonim, k. w. XV], należącą do szkolnego kanonu tekstów poetyckich średniowiecza; Pieśń o zabiciu „Nurta Nowego”[„Arkusz” 1996, nr 11] – współczesny żart literacki i środowiskowy, oparty na parafrazie tekstu kanonicznego; Juliana Kornhausera Wiersz o zabiciu doktora Kahane [z cyklu Żydowska piosenka, z tomu Kamyk i cień, 1996] – odnoszący się bezpośrednio tematycznie do pogromu kieleckiego (4 lipca 1946) i będący aluzją literacką do pieśni średniowiecznej. Ramą kompozycyjną tekstu uczyniłam wiersze empatyczne Anny Szumańskiej z 28 lipca 1946 roku (bezpośrednia reakcja na pogrom kielecki) oraz współczesny, „interwencyjny” wiersz Piotra Mitznera pt. Obraz (z tomu Siostra, 2019).
Competitiveness influence on global innovation of nations: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: De Miranda Ronaldo Leão , Irgang dos Santos Luís Fernando , Gomes Giancarlo , Dos Santos Parisotto Iara Regina
Published: June 2021

Innovation has been recognized as one of the main determinants of nation’s economic development and has been adopted as a main tool for adding value and achieving sustainable competitive advantage. In order to understand the influence of global competitiveness on global innovation of nations, this study analyzed some indexes of 133 countries using a multiple linear regression analysis. The results suggested that global competitiveness influences the innovativeness of nations significantly and positively. Higher education and training was the competitiveness indicators that most influenced in innovation of nations.
Översättning av kraftuttryck i de franska och svenska översättningarna av Maria Parrs Keeperen og havet
Authors: Axelsson Marcus , Lindgren Charlotte
Published: June 2021

The Translation of Foul Language in the French and Swedish Translations of Maria Parr’s Keeperen og havet

The current study deals with the translation of foul language in the French and Swedish translations of Maria Parr’s Norwegian novel Keeperen og havet (Lena, the Sea, and Me, 2017). Previous research shows that children’s literature is translated differently in France and in Scandinavia. It is also well-known that parents often have an opinion on what children’s literature can contain. For this reason, we choose the two target languages in question, French and Swedish, and the specific object of study, namely foul language. Methodologically, this is a comparative case study where we compare how passages containing foul language are translated from Norwegian to French and Swedish. Parr is highly creative in her use of foul language. Our study suggests that the Swedish translator retains the coarseness of the source text, and often does so to a great extent by choosing established expressions in the target language. The French translator shows a great deal of creativity, as she uses the characteristics of the plot and the setting to find solutions that are true to the style of the source text.
Menschenbild und Ethik
Authors: Zichy Michael
Published: June 2021

Ob und inwieweit Menschenbilder in der Ethik eine Rolle spielen (sollen), ist hoch umstritten - auch deswegen, weil das Verhältnis zwischen Ethik und Menschenbild ziemlich unklar ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, dieses Verhältnis zu klären und darzulegen, dass die Rede vom Menschenbild in der Ethik an mehreren Stellen relevant und sinnvoll ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird erstens der Begriff des Menschenbildes definiert und einige verbreitete Missverständnisse ausgeräumt. Zweitens werden drei in der Ethik verbreitete Modelle der Beziehung zwischen Ethik und Menschenbild vorgestellt und ihre Schwierigkeiten untersucht: das (traditionelle) Telos-Modell, das (neuzeitliche) Human-nature-Modell und das (moderne) reduzierte Vernunft- Modell. Anhand einer ausführlichen Kritik des dritten Modells, das modernen Ethikansätzen zugrunde liegt, zeigt der Beitrag drittens schließlich auf, dass eine Ethik dann, wenn sie konkrete Urteile und materiale Normen begründen will, nicht umhin kommt, explizit oder implizit von gehaltvollen Menschenbildern auszugehen.
Transzendentaler Humanismus?
Authors: Knell Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Der Artikel legt dar, wie sich im Rahmen von Michael Thompsons Theorie der apriorischen Selbsttransparenz der menschlichen Lebensform eine reflexive Begründung ethischen Wissens gewinnen lässt. Dabei werden insbesondere systematische Parallelen zu Karl-Otto-Apels transzendentalpragmatischem Begründungsverfahren herausgearbeitet. Diese Parallelen betreffen nicht allein die Ethik, sondern auch die Kritik der Metaphysik des Mentalismus. Als archimedischer Punkt dient dabei nicht die sprachliche Kommunikation, sondern der unhintergehbare Lebensvollzug, der gemäß der humanen Lebensform erfolgt. Trotz der theoriearchitektonischen Parallelen, die sich zwischen beiden Ansätzen ziehen lassen, treten bei der dialektischen Ethikbegründung auch spezifische Disanalogien zutage. Die Vorzüge und Nachteile, die sich hieraus für Thompsons Theorie ergeben, werden in einem abschließenden Vergleich einer kritischen Bewertung unterzogen.
Belonging in the Coronaverse: Will There Be Time?
Authors: Fischer Kate , Rakhmonova Malika , Tran Mike
Published: June 2021

Since the spring of 2020 SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus, has upended lives and caused a rethinking of nearly all social behaviors in the United States. This paper examines the ways in which the pandemic, shutdown, and gradual move towards “normal” have laid bare and obfuscated societal pressures regardingrunning out of timeas it pertains to the residential university experience. Promised by movies, television, and older siblings and friends as a limited-time offer, the “typical” college experience is baked into the U.S. imaginary, reinforcing a host of notions of who “belongs” on campus along lines of race, class, and age. Fed a vision of what their whole lives “should be”, students who enter a residential four-year college are already imbued with a nostalgia for what is yet to come, hailed, in Althusser’s (2006[1977]) sense, as university subjects even before their first class. The upheaval of that subjecthood during the pandemic has raised important questions about the purpose of the college experience as well as how to belong to a place that is no longerthere.
Pandemic Education: Dissensus, Achievement, Enclosure
Authors: Chrisler Matthew
Published: June 2021

Alongside a crisis of public health, COVID-19 has also engendered a crisis of social reproduction in the domain of public education. Drawing on conversations and collaborations with K-12 education advocates in the Phoenix metropolitan area, this essay deploys an activist methodology to identify political struggles and turn the ethnographic lens onto the publics and political economies that shape them. After situating contemporary Phoenix schooling in the regional history of the southwest-turned-sunbelt, I examine emerging features of pandemic education in 2020: managed dissensus, caretaking achievement, and education technology enclosures. I retool the concept of “managed dissensus” to argue that, in polarizing debates about the pandemic, conservative politics shifted from consent to coercion in order to maintain priorities of privatizing education and “reopening” the economy. Further, as districts pursued virtual schooling, I show how an institutional project of caretaking achievement produced new patterns of alienation, disengagement, and punishment among teachers and students. Third, I consider how technology created unequal enclosures of parents and students in new gendered, racialized, and ableist regimes of education. As the pandemic continues into 2021, anthropologists should continue to examine public education and social reproduction as sites where state power, racism, and colonialism are expressed and transformed.
Evidence of Fungal Spreading by the Grey Silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudatum) in Austrian Museums
Authors: Querner Pascal , Sterflinger Katja
Published: June 2021

The grey silverfish Ctenolepisma longicaudatum is a new and serious pest spreading rapidly across Europe. Compared to the silverfish Lepisma saccharinum, it does not depend on relative humidity above 70% and thrives also in new museum buildings, modern storage depositories, apartments, and office buildings. Especially collections of graphic art, modern art on paper, photographs, but also archives and libraries are increasingly affected by this pest. Damage of paper objects has been reported by different authors and institutions across Europe. As these animals live in inaccessible cracks and crevices inside the buildings, we investigated the spread of microorganisms on living grey silverfish, to show a potential additional threat posed by this pest. In 8 locations in Austria living animals were collected with traps and placed for 10 min on agar plates which were incubated for 2 weeks. After incubation of 50 agar plates, between 2 and 20 colonies of fungi were growing on each plate. The most dominant fungal genera were Cladosporium (Cladosporium
cladosporioides clade) and Penicillium (Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium decumbens); also, species of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Bartalinia, Byssochlamis, Chaetomium and Mycothypha were found. The diversity of fungi reflects the common fungal community of museums and archives. The spores and mycelial fragments of the fungi are obviously travelling on the legs and bodies of the silverfish.
Mechanisms Underlying Familial Influence on Elite Political Behavior: Evidence from the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals
Authors: Lempert Daniel , Camacho Alyse
Published: June 2021

This article contributes to the literature addressing family influences on elite political behavior. By empirically assessing the influence of sibling gender on judicial decision-making, we are able to present evidence on the mechanism by which child, sibling and other relatives’ gender may influence elite political behavior. We build on a published dataset by mining various archival sources to compile data on the gender of judges’ siblings. We find no evidence that male judges’ votes on so-called “women’s issues” (employment discrimination based on gender or pregnancy, reproductive rights/abortion, and Title IX) are affected by whether they have a sister, and we are able to rule out large effects of a sibling’s gender on male and female judges’ votes. Our results imply that the relationship between family member gender and elite political behavior is driven by the desire to avoid costs of discrimination, rather than learning from family members.
On Krylov’s estimates for optional semimartingales
Authors: Abdelghani M. , Melnikov A. , Pak A.
Published: June 2021

The estimates of N. V. Krylov for distributions of stochastic integrals by means of the

L
d

{L_{d}}

-norm of a measurable function are well-known and are widely used in the theory of stochastic differential equations and controlled diffusion processes. We generalize estimates of this type for optional semimartingales, then apply these estimates to prove the change of variables formula for a general class of functions from the Sobolev space

W
d
2

{W^{2}_{d}}

. We also show how to use these estimates for the investigation of

L
2

{L^{2}}

-convergence of solutions of optional SDE’s.
Creative Approaches in Solution-Focused Teletherapy: A COVID-19 Renaissance Man
Authors: Hurford Deborah K. M.
Published: June 2021

The impacts of COVID-19 may exacerbate existing client difficulties, propelling clients into simultaneous crises which impact multiple dimensions of daily life, while diminishing self-agency and hope. Expressive arts approaches, embedded in a traditional solution-focused teletherapy framework, were utilized in this clinical case study with a high functioning adult male as a portal to explore exceptions, personal resilience, and benefits of loss over time. This creative solution-focused approach provided the client with salient somatic, intellectual, and spiritual experiences which invited him to reframe crises as opportunities for growth and change, while inspiring a greater sense of hope and personal agency.
“First Thing When I Walk Through the Door, I Am a Black Woman”: Pilot Study Examining Afro-Caribbean Women's Racial and Ethnic Identity
Authors: Muruthi Bertranna Alero , Janes Emily , Chou Jessica , Richardson Shaquinta , West Jamie M. , Chevalier Meagan
Published: June 2021

Hybrid identity theory was utilized to understand how race and ethnicity were perceived from the perspective of Afro-Caribbean women living in the U.S. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) inability to understand African Americans’ experiences, (2) feelings of racial and gender bias, (3) racial pride in the Black community, and (4) ethnic pride in the Caribbean community as a protective factor. Findings indicate that women's observed racial role distancing was a fluid process where women moved freely between ethnic difference and racial togetherness depending on their perceptions of racial stereotypes among the African American community. Clinical implications are offered.
Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Transference-Focused Psychotherapy: Extending and Refining the Treatment Model
Authors: Caligor Eve , Stern Barry
Published: June 2021

The authors introduce this Special Issue of Psychodynamic Psychiatry focused on developments in the practice of Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP). In the context of an evolving diagnostic system that increasingly focuses on the underlying dimensions related to self and interpersonal functioning that characterize personality disorders, the authors provide an overview of the development and nature of TFP, and preview a series of contributions that describe the refinement of TFP and is broadening application across the spectrum of personality disorder, age ranges, and clinical settings.