bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Original study on mathematical models for analysis of cellulose water content from absorbance/wavenumber shifts in ATR FT-IR spectrum
Authors: Cichosz Stefan , Masek Anna , Dems-Rudnicka Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

The aim of this research was to evaluate the applicability of the attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy in the quantitative analysis of the moisture content in cellulose (from 0.5-11.0wt.%). Innovatively, this work describes the variations in both absorbance and wavenumber of 16 absorption bands plotted as a function of cellulose water amount measured with Karl-Fischer titration. Different regression models were investigated (simple linear, semilogarithmic, power) and the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) was given for each calculation. While model exhibited R2>90%, the standard error of calibration (SEC) was presented and an external validation has been performed. Regarding the absorbance-water content relationship, data recorded for sixteen peaks was successfully fitted with linear functions exhibiting R2>90%. The highest value of R2=98.7% and standard error of prediction SEP=0.3wt.% have been assigned to the maximum from 3339-3327 cm-1 (-OH), proving ATR FT-IR usefulness in quantitative analysis.
A New Powder Spreading Process for Powder Bed Fusion Aluminum Alloy by One-way Reciprocating Tri-splint Blade
Authors: pan lu , Zhang Heng-hua , Zhang Mei , Zhang Chen-lin , Liu Tong , Wang Liang
Published: November 2022

Powder Bed Fusion is a promising metal additive manufacturing technology based on layer by layer powder spreading, and particle uniformity has a great influence on the forming quality. By Discrete Element Method, the interaction and movement between particles were studied during powder spreading, including powder jamming, rebound, splash, eddy and empty powder area. Additionally, five kinds of powder spreading schemes were explored, and the new process of one-way reciprocating with tri-splint blade was designed to change the motion state of powder spreading from "blade pushing powder" to "blade holding powder". The results showed that by adjusting the spacing between the blade and the working platform, the optimized powder spreading process decreased the defects such as powder splash and empty powder, and achieve the uniform powder bed of aluminum alloy powder.
Action research as a tool for collecting private information from Spanish wineries for further architectural bioclimatic analysis: lessons from behind the scenes
Authors: Arredondo-Ruiz Fernando , Cañas Ignacio , Gómez-Villarino María Teresa
Published: November 2022

Geographically diagnosing the usage of sustainable bioclimatic architectural practices in wineries is most of the time complicated. This difficulty stems from the unavailability in the scientific literature of private documents, such as the actual full architectural plans and projects of constructed wineries. This article reflects on the action research process that supported and explored the learning process during a large-scale data gathering effort involving a research team, and a universe of more than 4800 wineries in the Spanish Geography. The whole process was part of a larger project whose acronym is Cowinergy, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity. Results highlight the importance of process facilitation in a value chain of learning, in order to create an environment in which the wineries felt at ease when collaborating with the research team. The facilitators designed the process to be iterative so the learning activities where consistently aligned with the needs of the overall project, thus ensuring practical relevance.
Sleep Quality and Mental Health among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carriers from Fangcang Shelter Hospitals：The Moderating Role of Social Support
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Xu Lulu , Chen Yexin , Shi Dake , Huang Hong , Cai Yong
Published: November 2022

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly occurred in Shanghai, China at the end of February 2022, which was not only attacking physical health, such as sleep problems, but also exacerbating mental health. This study aimed to determine the association between sleep quality and psychological distress in COVID-19 carriers in China and evaluate the moderating effects of perceived social support.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1283 asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers from Ruijin Jiahe Fangcang shelter hospitals in Shanghai, China. Participants had an average age of 39.64 years (SD = 11.14) and 59.6% of whom were male. They were assessed using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) respectively. The Model Templates for PROCESS were used to examine the moderating effects of participants’ social support on the association.
Results
In total, 34.3% of participants presented with poor sleep quality (PSQI༞5); In addition, 41.1% patients showed bad mental health (GHQ༞3). Sleep quality was positively related to mental health (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and social support (r = 0.08, p = 0.003). Social support was negatively related to mental health (r = -0.43, p < 0.001). Social support negatively moderated the association between sleep quality and mental health (β = 0.069, p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Social support may be beneficial to the improvement of mental health, especially for people in crisis (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic).
Competency profiles for Evidence-Informed Policymaking (EIPM): a rapid scoping review
Authors: Barreto Jorge Otávio Maia , Romão Davi Mamblona Marques , Setti Cecília , Machado Maria Lúcia Teixeira , Riera Rachel , Gomes Romeu , Silva Silvio Fernandes da
Published: November 2022

Background
Evidence-Informed Policymaking (EIPM) require a set of individual and organizational capabilities, articulated with background factors and needs. The identification of essential Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes for EIPM can support the formulation of competency profiles and their application in different contexts.
Purpose
To identify elements of competency (Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes) for EIPM, according to different professional profiles.
Methods
Rapid scoping review. A structured search was led, and later updated in two comprehensive repositories (BVSalud and PubMed). Review studies with different designs, published from 2010 onwards, without language restriction were included. Assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was not performed. A meta-aggregative narrative synthesis consolidated the findings.
Results
Ten reviews were included. Eight elements were categorized as Knowledge, 19 as Skills and 10 as Attitudes were identified, totaling 37 elements of competency. These elements were aggregated into four competency profiles (Researcher, Health Professional, Decision-maker and Citizen). The competency profiles included different sets of EIPM-related Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes.
Strengths and limitations
This study is innovative because it aggregates different profiles of competency and uses a practical perspective, favoring the application of its results in different contexts, to support EIPM. Methodological limitations are related to the shortcuts adopted in this review, especially as it does not include complementary searches of the grey literature and does not carry out, in duplicate, the stages of study selection and data extraction.
Final considerations: conclusions and implications of the findings
EIPMs require the development of individual and organizational capacities. This rapid scoping review contributes to the discussion on the institutionalization of EIPM in health systems. The competency profiles presented here can support discussions about the availability and need for capacity development in different contexts.
Study on the acute toxicity of trichlorfon and its breakdown product dichlorvos to goldfish (Carassius auratus) based on 1H NMR metabonomics
Authors: Meng Hui-Hui , Liu Wen-Ya , Zhao Wen-Long , Zheng Qi , Wang Junsong
Published: November 2022

Trichlorfon, one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticide, is used in aquaculture and agriculture against parasitic infestations, but it is extremely unstable and easily decomposed into dichlorvos (DDVP), increasing its toxicity by 8 times. The degradation pattern of trichlorfon in water was systematically studied by LC-MS/MS. The experiment was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity of trichlorfon and DDVP on goldfish using a 1H NMR based metabolic approach combined with serum biochemistry, histopathological inspection and correlation network analysis. The changes of metabolic profile indicated that trichlorfon and DDVP influenced several pathways including oxidative stress, protein synthesis, energy metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. Plasma was collected and then the hematological indicators of MDA, SOD, ALT, AST BUN and CRE were measured. The histopathological alternations were observed by H&E staining, which showed the tubular epithelial cell swelling, cytoplasmic loosening in the kidney. This study verified the applicability and potential of metabonomics based on 1H NMR in pesticide environmental risk assessment, and provided a feasible method for the study of overall toxicity of pesticides in water environment.
Intelligent Manufacturing Execution Design of Gear Industry Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Fazhan , Zhang Xuefeng , Ren Fu’E , Chen Chengjun
Published: November 2022

In today's society, science and technology are developing rapidly. In the actual production industry, information technologies such as computers and the Internet occupy an important position. Nowadays, there is a lot of room for improvement in the convenience and diversity of management in many production locations and the degree of intelligence in the production process, which is difficult to meet the requirements of today's informatization and intelligence in the production industry. This paper studies the intelligent manufacturing execution design of the gear industry based on the Internet of Things technology, and proves that the production efficiency will be greatly improved after the integration of the Internet of Things technology into the gear manufacturing industry chain. For this research, a series of investigation experiments were conducted. First, the important position of the Internet of Things technology in today's information society and its practicability were fully analyzed, and then combined with the intelligent manufacturing of the gear industry, the analysis was carried out to illustrate its feasibility. Secondly, it analyzes the characteristics of gear manufacturing and considers the materials that it needs to select during manufacturing. In the application model of gear production under the Internet of Things technology, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model is used to calculate the energy efficiency of gear intelligent production. Smaller costs get greater benefits. In the experiment, the FM-700e digital micro hardness tester was used to test the gear hardness to analyze the product quality. At the same time, the error rate of the product when the Internet of Things system is added to the gear production and when the Internet of Things technology is not added, the result is After integrating the Internet of Things technology, the error rate of gear production is reduced by 1.45%, which greatly improves the production efficiency of gears and makes the gear industry more intelligent manufacturing.
Comparative Analysis of Supervised Machine and Deep Learning Algorithms for Kyphosis Disease Detection
Authors: Chauhan Alok Singh , Gupta Amit Kumar , Garg Ruchi Rani
Published: November 2022

The spinal curve that represents an abnormally rounded back is known as kyphosis, and it can be caused by stress, infectious disease, developmental abnormalities, genetic disease, and occasionally iatrogenic disease. Due to the fact that it provides technical explanations and a significant standard, the emergence of machine learning and deep learning has demonstrated that they can better characterize data. Machine Learning and Deep Learning are promising approaches that help in the prediction, diagnosing of sickness. Compared to conventional computing algorithms, deep learning algorithms are far more effective in disease detection and diagnosing. In this study, Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) models are applied to detect the presence of kyphosis in youngsters supported medicine information and compared to point out the rise in the potency of predictions associated with kyphosis. Each classification algorithm that makes use of the hyperparameter tuning and control feature enhances the algorithms' overall prediction performance, which enhances the algorithms' overall performance. The potency of the planned models were enforced and checked over medical dataset utilized from Kaggle. Overall, the DNN model performed best among the wide range of different models and achieved maximum accuracy and other performance metrics scores derived from the stratified K-Fold cross-validation. It is advised that after a patient has completed a clinical procedure, the DNN model be trained to identify and forecast kyphosis disease.
Pupal productivity of larval habitats of Aedes aegypti in Msambweni, Kwale County, Kenya
Authors: Mwakutwaa Alawih S. , Ngugi Harun N. , Ndenga Bryson A. , Krystosik Amy , Ngari Moses , Abubakar Laila U. , Yonge Shadrack , Kitron Uriel , LaBeaud A. Desiree , Mutuku Francis Maluki
Published: November 2022

Accurate identification of larval habitats of Ae. aegypti is considered an essential step in targeted control; of this important vector of several arboviruses including dengue and chikungunya viruses. This study determined Ae. aegypti productivity in selected larval habitats in Msambweni, Kwale County, Kenya. All Ae. aegypti immatures in 83 representative larval habitats were counted daily for 30 consecutive days during a wet and a dry season. All pupae were removed and allowed to emerge in the laboratory. Of 664 larval habitats examined at baseline, 144 larval habitats (21.7%) were found to be infested with Aedes aegypti larvae. 71% of the pupae were collected from tires and pots combined, which together accounted for 17% of the habitats. During the 30-day daily pupal production studies, only a few of the habitats harbored pupae persistently. In the wet season, pupae were collected from 28% (23/83) of the larval habitats. In the dry season, only 12% (10/83) of the habitats were ever found with pupae during the 30-day sampling period, with three habitats (all drums) accounting for 80% (293/365) of all the pupae collected. The results of the multivariate models for the risk factors for pupal productivity showed that habitat type, placing of larval habitats in the backyard, larval habitats without purpose and rain water were significant predictors of larval habitat productivity during the wet season. Although the multivariate model for habitat type did converge, habitat type and large size larval habitats were the only significant predictors during the dry season. Drums, pots and tires were sources of more than 85% of Ae. aegypti pupae, reinforcing the ‘key containers concept’. Targeting these three types of habitats makes epidemiological sense, especially during the dry season.
Effectiveness of perioperative oral hygiene management using a cetylpyridinium chloride-, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate-, and tranexamic acid-based mouthwash: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aijima Reona , Yamashita Yoshio
Published: November 2022

Background: The mouth is a breeding ground for bacteria, and the presence of foreign substances, such as stitches, splints, or skin flaps increases the risk of infection, potentially delaying healing or causing wound dehiscence. Perioperative oral management is thus essential.
Maxillomandibular fixation requires the jawbones to remain static. Mechanical cleaning is also carried out by brushing or with a water flosser to maintain the oral cavity in a hygienic state, but this cannot be considered sufficient.
Mouthwashes are used as a substitute for mechanical cleaning or in a supplementary role after such cleaning. In this study, the effectiveness of HABITPRO mouthwash, which contains cetylpyridinium chloride, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, and tranexamic acid, was investigated in the specific environment created by maxillomandibular fixation.
Patients and Methods: A total of 55 patients who had undergone maxillomandibular fixation were randomly allocated to either a HABITPRO group (n = 29) or a placebo group (n = 26). To investigate their oral hygiene status, their plaque control record (PCR) was reviewed, and the caries-related bacterial counts, pH, acid buffering capacity, white blood cell count, and ammonia in saliva were measured.
Results: After the mouthwash had been used for approximately 2–3 weeks, the ammonia level in the HABITPRO group saliva decreased significantly compared with that of the placebo group. The PCR index also increased significantly in the placebo group compared with baseline, whereas it remained almost steady in the HABITPRO group.
Conclusions: Even with maxillomandibular fixation, continued gargling with this mouthwash may help maintain a better intraoral environment.
A Virtual Investigation of the Change in Arch Length from Leveling a Curve of Spee: A Pilot Study
Authors: Boyle Vincent , Andrade Ildeu , Ross Loring , Marshall Julie , Tremont Timothy
Published: November 2022

Background

Leveling a Curve of Spee (COS) is often a primary treatment intention in orthodontic and oral rehabilitation cases. It is a prevalent belief that additional arch length or “space” is always required to level a COS to avoid undesirable incisor proclination. The objective of the study was to evaluate changes in arch length from virtually leveling a COS and compare these virtual changes to estimated changes using several published formulas.

Methods

Sixteen pretreatment digital mandibular casts were randomly selected and imported to and evaluated using uDesign® software. COS of 1 mm (n = 4), 2mm (n = 6), 3mm (n = 4), and 4mm (n = 2) were identified. The AP distance from a midpoint between the central incisors perpendicular to a tangent contacting the distal surfaces of the second molars (D1) was calculated. Each arch was virtually leveled and the AP distance from the incisor midpoint to the second molar tangent (D2) was recalculated. The difference (+ or -) between D1 and D2 was multiplied by 2 to calculate total arch length changes. Virtual arch length changes were compared to changes calculated using several published formulas.

Results

Virtually calculated arch length changes for leveling were: 1mm COS (mean 0.43mm, SD +/-0.06, range 0.84mm; 2mm COS (mean 0.63mm, SD +/- 0.91, range 3.0 mm); 3mm COS (mean 1.43mm, SD +/- 0.15, range 2.02mm); and 4mm COS (mean 1.85mm, SD +/- 5.04, range 2.17mm). The mean difference between the virtual assessments and across all formula-based assessments was + 1.53mm with a range of 6.7 mm.

Conclusions

A virtual simulation of leveling demonstrated variation in arch length changes among COS of similar depth. Considerable differences were found in arch length changes between virtually leveled COS and changes estimated using published formulas.

Clinical Relevance

Virtual simulation of leveling a COS can give reliable information for both orthodontic and oral rehabilitation treatment planning.
The health and wellbeing of Australian social housing tenants compared to people living in other types of housing
Authors: Freund Megan , Clapham Matt , Ooi Jia Ying , Adamson David , Boyes Allison , Sanson-Fisher Robert
Published: November 2022

Background
Although social housing provides access to safe and affordable housing, recent studies have found that social housing tenants consistently have lower levels of health and well-being compared to other people. Given this, there is a need to examine multimorbidity for social housing tenants.
Methods
Secondary data analysis of the 2017-18 Australian National Health Survey (n = 14,327) compared the health of adults residing in social housing compared to people in other housing types (private rentals, homeowners, and homeowners/mortgagees).
Results
Most health factors examined were more prevalent in social housing tenants compared to those living in other housing types. Individual health problems identified as more highly prevalent in social housing tenants compared to all other housing types included mental health issues (43%), arthritis (36%), back problems (32%), hypertension (25%), asthma (22%) and COPD (11%). Twenty-four percent of social housing tenants reported five or more health factors compared to 3–6% of people in other housing types.
Conclusions
Although these findings are not unexpected, they provide more detailed evidence that social housing providers and policy makers should consider when planning future initiatives.
Vertical subluxation caused by infection around the odontoid process: a case report
Authors: Sanada Kyoichi , Tanaka Jun , Shiokawa Teruaki , Shibata Tatsuya , Hagihara Shusuke , Yamamoto Takuaki
Published: November 2022

Background: There are few reports of cases with vertical subluxation. We report our experience of a vertical subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint caused by infection.
Case presentation: A 63-year-old man had a 5-month history of neck pain. He was treated for rheumatoid arthritis by a local doctor. At admission to our hospital, he had neck pain and complained of dysphagia and hoarseness. His white blood cell count and C-reactive protein were 7200/mm3 and 4.86 mg/dL. Cervical X-ray showed atlantoaxial subluxation. Computed tomography showed osteolysis around the odontoid process, including the atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints, causing vertical subluxation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed spinal cord and brainstem compression and the presence of fluid. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancement around the odontoid process. We performed occipital-cervical spine fixation and C1 laminectomy. Following surgery, his symptoms completely resolved. Bone fusion was confirmed 6 months after surgery.
Conclusion: If subluxation of the upper cervical spine occurs rapidly, infection should be considered.
Unraveling transcriptomics of sorghum grain carotenoids: A step forward for biofortification
Authors: Cruet-Burgos Clara , Rhodes Davina H.
Published: November 2022

Background
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a promising target for pro-vitamin A biofortification as it is a global staple crop, particularly in regions where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent. As with most cereal grains, carotenoid concentrations are low in sorghum, and breeding could be a feasible strategy to increase pro-vitamin A carotenoids to biologically relevant concentrations. However, there are knowledge gaps in the biosynthesis and regulation of sorghum grain carotenoids, which can limit breeding effectiveness. The aim of this research was to gain an understanding of the transcriptional regulation of a priori candidate genes in carotenoid precursor, biosynthesis, and degradation pathways.
Results
We used RNA sequencing of grain to compare the transcriptional profile of four sorghum accessions with contrasting carotenoid profiles through grain development. Most a priori candidate genes involved in the precursor MEP, carotenoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid degradation pathways were found to be differentially expressed between sorghum grain developmental stages. There was also differential expression of some of the a priori candidate genes between high and low carotenoid content groups at each developmental time point. Among these, we propose geranyl geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS), phytoene synthase (PSY), and phytoene desaturase (PDS) as promising targets for pro-vitamin A carotenoid biofortification efforts in sorghum grain.
Conclusions
A deeper understanding of the controls underlying biosynthesis and degradation of sorghum grain carotenoids is needed to advance biofortification efforts. This study provides the first insights into the regulation of sorghum grain carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation, suggesting potential gene targets to prioritize for molecular breeding.
Benefits associated with topoclimatic zoning for native species of the Brazilian Amazon: methodological innovation
Authors: Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , Júnior Silvio Brienza , Lisboa Leila Sheila Silva , de Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral
Published: November 2022

In 2006 the soybean moratorium provided the impulse for the installation of a large grain exporting port in western Pará, and the states of Mato Grosso and Pará became references at a national level for grain production. Topoclimatological zoning for species is a methodological innovation that accounts for phenological phases based on herbarium registries, and occurrence as described by RADAMBRAZIL forest inventories. This process also includes climatic data including range of annual precipitation, quarterly maximum and minimum rainfall, months with total rainfall below 60 mm, ranges of water stress with soil water holding capacity based on 300 mm, maximum, minimum, and average thermal regimes, air humidity and vapor pressure deficit, and altitude ranges. The zoning process is finalized by a panel of specialists who assign importance values to each variable and conduct statistical analyses to define the variables that best explain the productive potential for each species. This study presents the results of topoclimatological zoning for the species paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) and tachi-branco (Tachigali vulgarisL.F.). Through this method, it is possible to identify areas with high, medium, and low topo climatic potential for any native species in the Amazon.
Validation and reliability of a therapeutic adherence measurement scale
Authors: Sánchez José Ángel González , Cerro Enrique Pacheco del , Sorinano Ismael Ortuño , Jiménez Daniel Muñoz , Iglesias María José Hurtado , Palacio Encarnación Fernández del
Published: November 2022

Introduction-Objectives: the different studies have shown the lack of a universal measurement system or gold standard, for which a scale has been developed using the most representative theoretical and empirical models, the objective is to validate the scale and verify the factors that influence. Methodology: a validation study is carried out through a cross-sectional descriptive observational study of nursing consultations, of chronic patients, located in a hospital. Results: a reliability of 0.846 is obtained from the scale under study, with an interclass correlation of 0.149. The scale is modified with nine items, obtaining a reliability of 0.750, and with an intraclass correlation of 0.835. There is a good correlation between the socioeconomic data and the characteristics of the dwelling. In regression models, these data (socioeconomic and housing) seem to have the highest incidence. Discussion: The data, as in other studies, confirm the values ​​of risk factors, or that affect adherence values, emphasizing socioeconomic and housing data. The modified scale presents acceptable reliability data. Conclusions: The scale can be used to measure adherence to patients with chronic diseases, it would be useful to increase the number of patients under study and achieve representativeness in each chronic disease.
Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide and Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural Regions: A Time-series Analyses Using Data From the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in Fuyang, East China
Authors: Dong Teng-fei , Zha Zhen-qiu , Sun Liang , Liu Ling-li , Li Xing-yang , Wang Yuan , Meng Xiang-long , Li Huai-biao , Wang Hong-li , Nie Huan-huan , Yang Lin-Sheng
Published: November 2022

Background
Most of studies relating ambient cardiovascular hospital admissions exposure to hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were conducted among urban population. Whether and to what extent these results could be generalizable to rural population remains unknown. We addressed this question using data from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) in Fuyang, Anhui, China.
Methods
Daily hospital admissions for total CVDs, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, heart rhythm disturbances, ischaemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke in rural regions of Fuyang, China were extracted from NRCMS between January 2015 and June 2017. A two-stage time-series analysis method was used to assess the associations between NO2 and CVD hospital admissions and the disease burden fractions attributable to NO2.
Results
In our study period, the average number (standard deviation) of hospital admissions per day were 488.2 (117.1) for total CVDs, 179.8 (45.6) for ischaemic heart disease, 7.0 (3.3) for heart rhythm disturbances, 13.2 (7.2) for heart failure, 267.9 (67.7) for ischaemic stroke, and 20.2 (6.4) for hemorrhagic stroke. The 10 µg/m3 increase of NO2 was related to an elevated risk of 1.9% (RR: 1.019, 95% CI: 1.005 to 1.032) for hospital admissions of total CVDs at lag0-2 day, 2.1% (1.021, 1.006 to 1.036) for ischaemic heart disease, and 2.1% (1.021, 1.006 to 1.035) for ischaemic stroke, respectively. While no significant association was observed between NO2 and hospital admissions for heart rhythm disturbances, heart failure, and hemorrhagic stroke. The attributable fractions of total CVDs, ischaemic heart disease, and ischaemic stroke to NO2 were 6.52% (1.87–10.94%), 7.31% (2.19–12.17%) and 7.12% (2.14–11.85%), respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that CVD burdens in rural population are also partly attributed to short-term exposure to NO2. More studies across rural regions are required to replicate our findings.
Benefits of physical activity on reproductive health functions among polycystic ovarian syndrome women: A systematic review
Authors: Butt Muhammad Salman , Saleem Javeria , Zakar Rubeena , Aiman Sobia , Khan Muhammad Zeeshan , Fischer Florian
Published: November 2022

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is amongst the predominant endocrine disorders of reproductive-aged women. The prevalence of PCOS has been estimated at around 6–26%, affecting 105 million worldwide. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effects of physical activity on reproductive health functions among PCOS women.
Methods
The systematic review includes randomization-controlled trials (RCTs) on physical exercise and reproductive functions among women with PCOS. Studies in English language published between January 2010 and December 2020 were identified via PubMed. A combination of medical subject headings terms of physical activity, exercise, menstrual cycle, hyperandrogenism, reproductive hormone, hirsutism, and PCOS were used.
Results
Overall, six RCTs were included in this systematic review. The studies investigated interventions of physical activity of any intensity and volume and measured reproductive functions, hormonal and menstrual improvement. The inclusion of physical activity alone or in a combination with other therapeutic interventions improved the reproductive outcomes.
Conclusion
The reproductive functions of PCOS women can be improved with physical activity. Furthermore, physical activity can also reduce infertility, as well as social and psychological stress among women.
PROSPERO Systematic review registration:
CRD42020213732
Association between sociodemographic determinants and health behaviors, and clustering of health risk behaviors among 28,047 adults: A cross-sectional study among adults from the general Norwegian population
Authors: Korslund Silje B. , Hansen Bjørge H. , Bjørkkjær Tormod
Published: November 2022

Background
Understanding the associations between health behaviors and which subgroups are at risk of developing health risk behaviors is vital knowledge to develop effective public health interventions to reduce the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of the study was to assess the association between physical activity, diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption and sociodemographic determinants (sex and education), and to examine clustering patterns of these health behaviors.
Method
Data was collected from an online self-reported questionnaire from the Norwegian public health survey conducted in 2019. The study sample consisted of 28,047 adults (≥ 18 years old) from Agder county in Southern Norway. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between sex and education according to physical activity, diet, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Linear regression was used to examine the association between educational level and number of health risk behaviors, and cluster analysis were performed to determine cluster patterns.
Results
Females were more likely than men to meet the national public health recommendations for diet (p < 0.001), tobacco use (p < 0.01), and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001). High education was associated with meeting the recommendations for each of the four health behaviors and with a lower risk of having three or four health risk behaviors simultaneously. Furthermore, clustering of health risk behaviors was observed in five of the sixteen health behavior patterns.
Conclusion
Our findings show a higher risk of having multiple health risk behaviors for males and individuals with low education. These subgroups should be targeted in future public health interventions. Clustering patterns were observed in over 30% of the health behavior patterns. More research is needed on the causal relationship between health behaviors and socioeconomic factors, and the association between clustering and health outcomes to design effective interventions in the future.
Zinc Status in Public Health: Exploring Emerging Research Trends Through Bibliometric Analysis of the Historical Context from 1978 to 2022
Authors: Mohamad Nur Syamimi , Tan Ling Ling , Ali Nurul Izzati Mohd , Mazlan Nur-Fadhilah , Sage Edison Eukun , Hassan Nurul Izzaty , Goh Choo Ta
Published: November 2022

The current study aims to provide a roadmap for future research by analyzing the research structures and trends in scholarly publications related to the status of zinc in public health. Only journal articles published between 1978 and 2022 are included in the refined bibliographical outputs retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The first section announces findings based on WoS categories, such as discipline heterogeneity, times cited and publications over time, and citation reports. The second section then employs VoSViewer software for bibliometric analysis, which includes a thorough examination of co-authorship among researchers, organizations, and countries and a count of all bibliographic databases among documents. The final section discusses the research's weaknesses and strengths in zinc status, public health, and potential future directions. 7158 authors contributed to 1730 papers (including 339 with publications, more than three times). "Keen, C.L." is a researcher with the most publications and a better understanding of zinc status in public health. Meanwhile, the United States has been the epicenter of research on the status of zinc in public health due to the highest percentage of publications with the most citations and collaboration with the rest of the world, with the top institution being the University of California, Davis. Future research can be organized collaboratively based on hot topics from co-occurrence network mapping and bibliographic couplings to improve zinc status and protect public health.
Re: “Dealing With The Problem Of Planning Construction Site Layout Based On Quadratic Assignment Problem Method, Using Ant-Lion hybrid algorithm.
Authors: Son Pham Vu Hong , Lam To Dieu
Published: November 2022

Construction site layout planning (CSLP) problem is important in construction management. Facilities have conflicting purposes in the available space on the construction site, increasing the inefficient transportation of facilities. This is the main cause leading to the loss of operational productivity and increasing project construction costs. Therefore, the facilities planning and layout to be established in the appropriate locations to find an optimal solution in the available space is a problem to be solved using quadratic assignment problems (QAP) method. In the past, there were several ways to solve the QAP problem using metaheuristic methods such as genetic algorithm (GA),mixed integer programming (M.I.P), and artificial bee colony. However, each method has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this study proposes a new algorithm that combines mutation, crossover, tournament selection (TS), and opposition-based learning with improved ant lion optimization based on ant lion optimizer (ALO) to solve the QAP problem of optimizing facilities layout on the construction site to find the most optimal results in the shortest time. The comparison results in the research paper belowhave shown that the new, improved hybrid algorithm outperformed previous algorithms such as the GA, MIP, and original ALO algorithm.
Assessment of plasmids for relating the 2020 Salmonella enterica serovar Newport onion outbreak to farms implicated by the outbreak investigation
Authors: Commichaux Seth , Rand Hugh , Javkar Kiran , Molloy Erin K. , Pettengill James B. , Pightling Arthur , Hoffmann Maria , Pop Mihai , Jayeola Victor , Foley Steven , Luo Yan
Published: November 2022

Background
The Salmonella enterica serovar Newport red onion outbreak of 2020 was the largest foodborne outbreak of Salmonella in over a decade. The epidemiological investigation suggested two farms as the likely source of contamination. However, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the whole genome sequencing data did not find any Salmonella isolates from the farm regions that were closely related to the clinical isolates—preventing the use of phylogenetics in source identification. Here, we explored an alternative method for analyzing the whole genome sequencing data driven by the hypothesis that if the outbreak strain had come from the farm regions, then the clinical isolates would disproportionately contain plasmids found in isolates from the farm regions due to recent horizontal transfer.
Results
SNP analysis confirmed that the clinical isolates formed a highly related clade with evidence for ancestry in California going back a decade. The clinical isolates not only had a large and highly conserved core genome (4,399 genes), but also 2,577 sparsely distributed accessory genes—at least 64% of which were carried on plasmids. Amongst the clinical isolates and Salmonella isolates from the farm regions were 2,187 and 503 putative plasmids, respectively. High similarity was observed between 17 plasmids from 8 farm isolates and 14 plasmids from 13 clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the highly similar plasmids shared a recent common ancestor and might have been transferred via intermediary species, but the seeming promiscuity of the plasmids prevented any conclusions about geographic location, isolation source, and time since transfer. Our sampling analysis suggested that observing a similar number and combination of highly similar plasmids in random samples of environmental Salmonella enterica within NCBI Pathogen Detection database was unlikely, supporting a connection between the outbreak strain and the farms implicated by the epidemiological investigation.
Conclusion
Horizontally transferred plasmids provided evidence for a connection between clinical isolates and the farms implicated as the source of the outbreak. Our case study suggests that such analyses might add a new dimension to source tracking investigations, but highlights the need for detailed and accurate metadata, more extensive environmental sampling, and a better understanding of plasmid molecular evolution.
Sample Size Calculations for Indirect Standardization
Authors: Wang Yifei , Chu Philip
Published: November 2022

Indirect standardization, and its associated parameter the Standardized Incidence Ratio, is a commonly-used tool in hospital profiling for comparing the incidence of negative outcomes between an index hospital and a larger population of reference hospitals, while adjusting for confounding factors. For hypothesis testing and statistical inference, the denominator of the Standardized Incidence Ratio, whose computation requires the distribution of confounding covariates in the index hospital, is assumed to be known, and is thus fixed. This assumption severely compromises one's ability to compute required sample sizes for high-powered indirect standardization, as in the contexts where sample size calculation is desired, it's difficult to even estimate such a covariate distribution, much less know it outright. This paper presents novel statistical methodology to perform hypothesis testing and sample size calculation for the Standardized Incidence Ratio while not knowing the covariate distribution of the index hospital, accounting for the mathematical uncertainty this lack of knowledge induces. We apply our methods to example data, as well as to simulation studies, to assess both its capabilities in a vacuum and in comparison to traditional methods of indirect standardization.
Investigation of the effective atomic number dependency on energy using collision stopping powers for charged particles applied in radiotherapy
Authors: Rezaeian Peiman , Kashian Sedigheh , Mehrara Rojin
Published: November 2022

As an important component in medical applications, dosimetry, and radiotherapy studies, the effective atomic number of body tissue, tissue equivalent substances, and dosimetry compounds are investigated. In this research, considering the Coulombic interaction of charged particles, using the collision stopping power and the NIST library data, the effective atomic number of various materials at different energies is calculated for common radiotherapy particles such as an electron, proton, alpha, and carbon ions. Taking into account the direct calculation method based on the collision stopping power, the effective atomic number for electron, proton, alpha, and carbon particles is determined for a group of dosimetry and tissue equivalent materials. Results of the calculations based on the collision stopping power showed that the values of the effective atomic number are equal to the total number of electrons in each molecule of the compound, which is quite justified by the physics of Bethe's formulas.
Chronic UCN2 Treatment Desensitizes CRHR2 and Improves Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Wu Zhidan , Flaherty Stephen , Bezy Olivier , Zheng Wei , Yan Dong , Li Xiangping , Jagarlapudi Srinath , Albuquerque Bina , Esq Ryan , Peloquin Matt , Semache Meriem , Mancini Arturo , Kang Liya , Drujan Doreen , Breitkopf Susanne , Pashos Evanthia , Quazi Shakey , Pehmoller Christian , Monetti Mara , Fortin J.P. , Birnbaum Morris
Published: November 2022

The neuropeptide Urocortin 2 (UCN2) acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) expressed in the brain and peripheral metabolic tissues. UCN2 has been reported to improve or worsen insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and have opposing effects on glucose tolerance in vivo. In this report, we examined the acute and chronic effect of UCN2 on glucose metabolism and signaling pathways downstream of CRHR2. Consistent with previous reports, we found that acute dosing of UCN2 induced systemic insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in mice and skeletal muscle. Inversely, chronic elevation of UCN2 by injection with adenovirus encoding UCN2 (UCN2.AAV) resolved metabolic complications, improving glucose tolerance. Phosphoproteomic analysis of acutely treated skeletal muscle revealed dephosphorylation of IRS1 and AKT1S1, which was entirely reversed in UCN2.AAV skeletal muscle. Interestingly, pharmacological studies showed that all human isoforms of CRHR2 recruit Gs, as well as Gi and β-Arrestin, in response to stimulation with UCN2. However, Gi and β-Arrestin recruitment occurs at UCN2 concentrations 10-fold higher than Gs recruitment. Furthermore, pre-treating cells with UCN2 led to internalization of CRHR2 and dampened ligand-dependent increases in cAMP. Consistent with the in vivo results, treatment of mouse soleus muscle with UCN2 ex vivo showed AKT1S1 and IRS1 dephosphorylation and decreased glucose uptake in response to insulin; these responses were blunted when the muscle was pre-incubated with UCN2. These studies demonstrate that exposure to high, chronic concentrations of UCN2 desensitizes CRHR2, thus blocking the effects of acute UCN2, and improving insulin sensitivity, in skeletal muscle and systemically. On the other hand, acute treatment with UCN2 activates CRHR2 through recruitment of Gs which leads to blunted insulin signaling and glucose uptake. These results provide mechanistic insights into how UCN2 regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and in vivo. Importantly, a working model was derived from these results that unifies the contradictory metabolic effects of UCN2.
IL-19 induces MUC5AC overproduction in hepatolithiasis via stat3 pathway
Authors: WU XIAODONG , WEI YUANZHENG , WU SHUODONG
Published: November 2022

Background
Intrahepatic biliary lithiasis is a benign biliary disease with complex pathological changes, high recurrence rate and difficult to cure. The pathological mechanism underlying hepatolithiasis development is closely related to chronic inflammation of intrahepatic bile duct and aberrant expression of mucin5ac (MUC5AC). The present study aimed to verify the up-regulation effect of IL-19 to MUC5AC in hepatolithiasis.
Results
He staining, PAS staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of MUC5AC and IL-19 in bile duct tissue. The expressions of MUC5AC and STAT3 in bile duct tissue, epithelial cells and cell supernatant were detected by Western blot, PCR and ELISA. Chip experiment verified the binding of STAT3 to MUC5AC promoter sequence. The regulation effect of the stat3 signaling pathway was examined by stat3 siRNA transfection and using cryptotanshinone (CRY, a stat3 inhibitor ). MUC5AC secretion level were significantly increased in mucosa of hepatolithiasis tissue compared to controls. After pretreatment with rhIL-19, the expression level of MUC5AC in HEiECs was significantly up-regulated. Knockdown of IL-20R or pretreatment with CRY attenuated the up-regulation effect of IL-19 to MUC5AC.
Conclusions
The present study suggest that the IL-19 can induce MUC5AC overproduction in hepatolithiasis via stat3 pathway. Intervention of IL-19 and its downstream molecules may provide support for the treatment and prevention of hepatolithiasis.