bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twelve‐month psychosocial outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring with behavioural support in parents of young children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Commissariat Persis V. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Kanapka Lauren G. , Laffel Lori M. , Miller Kellee M. , Anderson Barbara J. , Hilliard Marisa E. ,   the Strategies to Enhance New CGM Use in Early Childhood (SENCE) Study Group
Published: April 2023

Aim

Managing type 1 diabetes in young children can cause significant stress for parents. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may reduce parental burden. The Strategies to Enhance CGM Use in Early Childhood (SENCE) trial randomized parents of children (ages 2 to <8 years) with type 1 diabetes to CGM with family behavioural intervention (CGM + FBI), CGM alone (Standard‐CGM) or blood glucose monitoring for 26 weeks before receiving CGM + FBI (BGM‐Crossover). This report assesses changes in psychosocial outcomes for all groups over 52 weeks.

Methods

CGM + FBI (n = 45), Standard‐CGM (n = 42) and BGM‐Crossover (n = 44) participants completed psychosocial assessments at baseline, 26 weeks and 52 weeks. Repeated measures linear regression models evaluated change within and between treatment groups.

Results

The BGM‐Crossover group reported improved diabetes burden (Δ −6.9, 95% CI [−11.3, −2.6], p = 0.003), fear of hypoglycaemia (Δ −6.4, CI [−10.1, −2.6], p = 0.002) and technology satisfaction (Δ 7.3, CI [2.4, 12.2], p = 0.005) from 26 to 52 weeks, similar to published findings in the CGM + FBI group over the first 26 weeks. The Standard‐CGM group reported increased technology satisfaction (Δ 7.3, CI [0.6, 14.0], p = 0.027) from baseline to 52 weeks. The CGM + FBI group reported less diabetes burden and fear of hypoglycaemia from baseline to 52 weeks, but changes were not statistically significant. Scores from 26 to 52 weeks did not deteriorate.

Conclusions

Parents demonstrated psychosocial benefits following FBI that appeared to maintain without additional intervention. CGM‐focused education with behavioural support likely helps parents of young children with type 1 diabetes reduce burden and worry in the short‐ and long‐term.
Neoisoptera repeatedly colonised Madagascar after the Middle Miocene climatic optimum
Authors: Wang Menglin , Hellemans Simon , Buček Aleš , Kanao Taisuke , Arora Jigyasa , Clitheroe Crystal , Rafanomezantsoa Jean‐Jacques , Fisher Brian L. , Scheffrahn Rudolf , Sillam‐Dussès David , Roisin Yves , Šobotník Jan , Bourguignon Thomas
Published: April 2023

Madagascar is home to many endemic plant and animal species owing to its ancient isolation from other landmasses. This unique fauna includes several lineages of termites, a group of insects known for their key role in organic matter decomposition in many terrestrial ecosystems. How and when termites colonised Madagascar remains unknown. In this study, we used 601 mitochondrial genomes, 93 of which were generated from Malagasy samples, to infer the global historical biogeography of Neoisoptera, a lineage containing more than 80% of described termite species. Our results indicate that Neoisoptera colonised Madagascar between 7 and 10 times independently during the Miocene, between 8.4 and 16.6 Ma (95% HPD: 6.1–19.9 Ma). This timing matches that of the colonization of Australia by Neoisoptera. Furthermore, the taxonomic composition of the Neoisopteran fauna of Madagascar and Australia are strikingly similar, with Madagascar harbouring an additional two lineages absent from Australia. Therefore, akin to Australia, Neoisoptera colonised Madagascar during the global expansion of grasslands, possibly helped by the ecological opportunities arising from the spread of this new biome.
Domain‐specific relationships of subjective and objective cognition in epilepsy
Authors: Hohmann Louisa , Berger Justus , Kastell Shirley‐Uloma , Holtkamp Martin
Published: April 2023

Objective

Many people with epilepsy report subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), i.e., problems with memory, attention, or executive functions, reducing quality of life. Nevertheless, overlap with objective cognitive impairment (OCI) is often weak. One reason may be a domain‐specific mismatch between subjective reports and objective tests. We aimed to evaluate relations between SCI and OCI of corresponding domains and to assess whether these differ between persons who over‐ or underestimate their performance.

Methods

In this prospective, cross‐sectional sample of 104 adult inpatients with epilepsy, we performed multiple regression analyses predicting SCI in the domains attention, memory, and executive functions. We tested relationships with measures of psychomotor speed, short‐term memory, verbal learning, verbal delayed recall, and word fluency while controlling for age, sex, seizure frequency, structural lesions, mono‐ versus polytherapy and adverse events of antiseizure medication (ASM), depressive and anxiety symptoms, level of education, and employment status. Furthermore, we tested whether these relationships differed between realistic raters and over‐ and underestimators.

Results

We found domain‐specific relations for attention and executive functions for the full sample, explaining a small proportion of variance of SCI (general dominance index = .03 and .004), whereas ASM adverse events and psychological variables were more important predictors. When dividing the sample according to the concordance of SCI and OCI, we found high frequencies of both over‐ (23%–46%) and underestimation (31%–35%) depending on the domain. The explanatory power of OCI for SCI was stronger within the subgroups compared to the full sample, suggesting nonlinear relationships and different underlying mechanisms for realistic raters, underestimators, and overestimators.

Significance

Domain‐specific SCI and OCI are related, and both should be assessed with standardized instruments. These relationships differ between over‐ and underestimators as well as realistic raters. Based on the concordance of self‐ratings and objective measures, tailored counseling and treatment should be offered.
Synthesis and application evaluation in lithium battery furnace of mullite insulating refractory bricks from tailings
Authors: Wang Hailu , Li Yuanbing , Yin Bo , Li Shujing , He Xiaohong , Xiang Ruofei , Qiao Zhe
Published: April 2023

In order to realize efficient and comprehensive utilization of kyanite tailings (KT) mullite insulating firebrick (M‐IFB) with high strength and low thermal conductivity with spherical‐low connectivity porous were success fully prepared by using KT and alumina as the main raw material. Control of the porosity and properties of mullite insulating firebrick can be easily and accurately achieved by adjusting the heat treatment temperature and the amount of forming agent. The compressive strengths, bulk density, thermal conductivities, liner change, and porosities ranged from 25.86–53.26 MPa, .58–1.61 g/cm3, .236–.599 W/(m·K), −1.01 to −.426 % and 66.89 to 78.63 %, respectively. The creep rate of M‐IFB was compared with that of current insulating bricks after them used in the baking kiln of lithium ion battery cathode materials in the laboratory to simulate the environment. The results show that the M‐IFB corrosion resistance was obviously superior to the current insulation bricks. The high porosity high strength mullite insulating firebrick prepared by this method is expected to be used in thermal insulation system of kiln to realize the comprehensive utilization of solid waste.
Exploring the N‐shaped EKC in the top tourist destinations. Empirical evidence from cross‐country analysis
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Rahman Sami Ur , Khan Awais , Ali Adnan , Irshaid Mahmoud Abdelkarim , Amin Muhammad Yusuf
Published: April 2023

Tourism, energy consumption, economic growth, and financial development (FD) have serious consequences on environmental quality, which have gained  attention of researchers. This research study attempts   to highlight the impact of these variables on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Asian top‐four tourism countries, namely, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong. To achieve these objectives, the study applied Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) econometric technique to estimate the long‐run relationship, using annual data. Moreover, the study also applied the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test to identify the direction of the causality. The findings of the study show that energy consumption and trade openness have a negative impact on CO2 emissions. Moreover, tourism and FDI affect carbon emissions positively. Moreover, the study also validated the N‐shaped environmental Kuznets curve in these countries, indicating that economic growth positively influences carbon emissions in the early stages. However, in the middle stage, economic growth positively affects CO2 emissions, while in the later stage, it affects positively. Further, a unidirectional causality has been found from trade, economic growth and tourist arrivals to FD. Furthermore, based on empirical findings, the study suggests various policy implications for the government of the top‐four Asian tourist countries.
Efficacy of a school‐based intervention to influence attitudes about future parenting among Swedish youth with intellectual disability: An RCT study
Authors: Höglund Berit , Janeslätt Gunnel , Arvidsson Patrik , Randell Eva
Published: April 2023

Background

The study aim was to investigate the efficacy of an intervention designed to provide a basis for informed choices about future parenthood to special upper secondary school students with intellectual disabilities.

Methods

A randomised trial with a waiting list control group was used. In total, 108 special upper secondary school students with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities, age 16–21 years, provided informed consent and participated. The intervention included education using the Parenting Toolkit and a Real Care Baby simulator. The analyses included 91 students (intervention group n = 46, 24F/22M; control group n = 45, 26F/19M).

Results

The result showed that intervention group changed their attitudes to future parenting, from ‘do not know’ to ‘know’, significantly more than control group. The intervention increased knowledge levels in the intervention group.

Conclusions

The intervention group showed increased ability to make informed choices and decisions about parenthood.
Patterns in avian reproduction in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield, Alaska, 2003–2019
Authors: McGuire Rebecca L. , Robards Martin , Liebezeit Joseph R.
Published: April 2023

The Arctic Coastal Plain is one of the most important avian breeding grounds in the world; however, many species are in decline. Arctic‐breeding birds contend with short breeding seasons, harsh climatic conditions, and now, rapidly changing, variable, and unpredictable environmental conditions caused by climate change. Additionally, those breeding in industrial areas may be impacted by human activities. It is difficult to separate the impacts of industrial development and climate change; however, long‐term datasets can help show patterns over time. We evaluated factors influencing reproductive parameters of breeding birds at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, 2003–2019, by monitoring 1265 shorebird nests, 378 passerine nests, and 231 waterfowl nests. We found that nest survival decreased significantly nearer high‐use infrastructure for all guilds. Temporally, passerine nest survival declined across the 17 years of the study, while there was no significant evidence of change in their nest density. Shorebird nest survival did not vary significantly across years, nor did nest density. Waterfowl nest density increased over the course of the study, but we could not estimate nest survival in all years. Egg predator populations varied across time; numbers of gulls and ravens increased in the oilfields 2003–2019, while Arctic fox decreased, and jaeger numbers did not vary significantly. Long‐term datasets are rare in the Arctic, but they are crucial for understanding impacts to breeding birds from both climate change and increasing anthropogenic activities. We show that nest survival was lower for birds nesting closer to high‐use infrastructure in Arctic Alaska, which was not detected in earlier, shorter‐term studies. Additionally, we show that Lapland longspur nest survival decreased across time, in concert with continent‐wide declines in many passerine species. The urgency to understand these relationships cannot be expressed strongly enough, given change is continuing to happen and the potential impacts are large.
An environmental resistance model to inform the biogeography of aquatic invasions in complex stream networks
Authors: Olivos J. Andrés , Arismendi Ivan , Penaluna Brooke E. , Flitcroft Rebecca , Huertas Herrera Alejandro , Firman Julie , Giannico Guillermo
Published: April 2023

Aim

Freshwater invasions are a global conservation issue. Emerging tools for biogeographical analyses can provide critical information for their effective management and monitoring. Here, we propose a method to assess the distribution of environmental resistance of stream ecosystems to biological invasions by coupling multi‐stage habitat potential models for non‐native species.

Location

Andean Patagonia (Chile and Argentina).

Taxa

North American beaver (Castor canadensis), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch).

Methods

Environmental resistance to invasive species was mapped throughout a large region of Patagonia by stacking multi‐stage habitat relationships for each target species and assessing the complementation between critical habitats at multiple scales. We generated an environmental model of stream networks derived from high‐resolution topographic and climatic data representing 15,406 drainage basins (>1 km2) covering an area of 369,791 km2. We quantified the intrinsic potential of stream‐reaches (100‐m and 1000‐m) to sustain high‐quality habitats and assessed habitat complementation (i.e., abundance and proximity) at the sub‐basin scale as a proxy for environmental resistance.

Results

Our model revealed high heterogeneity in the distribution of environmental resistance to invasions throughout the study region, providing case‐specific insights for the research and management of invaders.

Main Conclusions

Environmental resistance modelling is a novel method to study the biogeography of riverine invasions. Our approach is compatible with additional sources of information about species and the environment and shows versatility to diverse invasion scenarios and data sources. This method can be useful in prioritising research and management of incipient and spreading invasions, especially for large and data‐poor regions.
Remineralization, color stability and surface roughness of tooth enamel brushed with activated charcoal‐based products
Authors: Maciel João Lucas Borim , Geng Vivanco Rocio , Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of activated charcoal‐based (AC) products on color alteration, remineralizing potential and surface roughness of dental enamel.

Materials and Methods

Bovine incisors were cut into 6 × 6 × 2 mm fragments. Initial color (EasyShade, Vita) and surface roughness (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab) readings were performed. Fragments were separated into five groups (n = 17) according to the treatment: Control: Fluoride toothpaste (Colgate Total 12, Colgate); Charcoal + NaF: AC toothpaste (ACT) with sodium fluoride (Colgate Natural Extracts, Colgate); Charcoal + MFP + n‐HA: ACT with sodium monofluorophosphate and nanohydroxyapatite (Black is White, Curaprox); Charcoal: Fluoride‐free ACT (ProActive, Hinode); and Charcoal powder: AC powder. Simulated toothbrushing was performed and final color and surface roughness readings were obtained. Fragments were then polished, and initial microhardness (HMV‐2, Shimatzu) readings were done. Samples were artificially demineralized and brushed again. Final microhardness readings were taken. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results

Fluoride‐free charcoal presented the lowest surface roughness alteration (p < 0.05). Charcoal powder had the lowest color change (p < 0.05) and negative values for whiteness index for dentistry alteration. All the groups presented values below whiteness acceptability threshold and negative relative microhardness values. Control showed the highest remineralizing potential (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

ACPs did not produce color alteration different from the fluoride toothpaste, except for Charcoal powder that caused less color change. ACPs caused surface roughness alteration similar to the fluoride toothpaste. ACT with fluoride and AC powder did not have remineralizing potential.

Clinical Significance

Activated charcoal‐based products (ACP) promise effective tooth whitening and quick results, without teeth damage. In addition, some ACPs contain fluoride in toothpaste composition and promise rehardening potential. However, ACPs are not as effective as other whitening agents and can alter the surface roughness of the enamel. Even if the ACPs contain fluoride or other remineralizing agents, they might be ineffective.
The preliminary exploration of immune microenvironment in oral leukoplakia concomitant with oral submucosal fibrosis: A comparative immunohistochemical study
Authors: Cai Xinjia , Zhang Jianyun , Peng Yinghong , Yao Zhigang , Huang Junhui , Tang Qian , Bai Jiaying , Yan Jing , Li Long , Zhang Heyu , Li Tiejun
Published: April 2023

Background

Oral leukoplakia concomitant with oral submucous fibrosis is a high‐risk oral potentially malignant disorder, but little is known about its immune microenvironment.

Methods

Thirty samples of oral leukoplakia concomitant with oral submucous fibrosis, 30 oral leukoplakia samples, and 30 oral submucous fibrosis samples were collected from two hospitals. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze expression of T cell biomarkers [CD3, CD4, CD8, and Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)], a B cell biomarker (CD20), macrophage biomarkers (CD68 and CD163), an immune inhibitory receptor ligand (PD‐L1), and Ki‐67.

Results

The numbers of CD3+ (p < 0.001), CD4+ (p = 0.018), and CD8+ (p = 0.031) cells in oral leukoplakia concomitant with oral submucous fibrosis were less than those in oral leukoplakia. The number of CD4+ cells (p = 0.035) in oral leukoplakia concomitant with oral leukoplakia was higher than that in oral submucous fibrosis. More CD3+(p < 0.001), CD4+(p < 0.001), Foxp3+(p = 0.019), and CD163+(p = 0.029) cells were found in oral leukoplakia than in oral submucous fibrosis.

Conclusion

Various levels of immune infiltration were observed among oral leukoplakia concomitant with oral submucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis. Characterization of the immune microenvironment may contribute to personalized immunotherapy.
Implementation of virtual OSCE in health professions education: A systematic review
Authors: Chan See Chai Carol , Choa George , Kelly James , Maru Devina , Rashid Mohammed Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) has been widely used in health professions education since the 1970s. The global disruption caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic restricted in‐person assessments and medical educators globally sought alternative means to assess and certify students and trainees to meet the acute demand for health‐care workers. One such solution was through virtual OSCE (vOSCE), which modified traditional in‐person OSCE using videoconference platforms. This meta‐ethnography sought to synthesise qualitative literature on candidates' and assessors' experiences of vOSCE to evaluate whether it may have a role in future assessment practices.

Methods

In June 2022, we systematically searched PsycINFO, Medline and ERIC for peer‐reviewed qualitative and mixed‐methods articles that described candidates' and assessors' experiences of virtual OSCE in health professions education. Of 1069 articles identified, 17 were synthesised using meta‐ethnography.

Results

The final synthesis represented 1190 candidates and assessors from faculties of medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy and osteopathy. We developed our findings into four key concepts. ‘Strengthening confidence in a virtual environment’ highlighted attempts to overcome and mitigate concerns associated with transitioning from in‐person to virtual assessment. ‘Understanding the scope of use as an assessment’ reflected on the suitability of vOSCE in assessing various skills. ‘Refining operational processes’ emphasised the technical challenges of implementing vOSCE and impacts on accessibility and resources. ‘Envisioning its future role’ considered the applicability of vOSCE in the climate of rapid development in telehealth.

Conclusion

This meta‐ethnography highlighted that although vOSCE was primarily considered a temporary and crisis response, candidates and assessors recognised positive, as well as negative, consequences of the transition towards them. Moving forward, medical education policymakers should carefully consider the extent to which elements of vOSCE could be incorporated into assessment systems, particularly in light of the rise of telehealth in clinical practice.
Influences of the community and consumer nutrition environment on the food purchases and dietary behaviors of adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Shaw Sarah , Barrett Millie , Shand Calum , Cooper Cyrus , Crozier Sarah , Smith Dianna , Barker Mary , Vogel Christina
Published: April 2023

Adolescence is a period of increased autonomy over decision‐making, including food choices, and increased exposure to influences outside the home, including the food environment. This review aims to synthesize the evidence for the influence of community nutrition environments, spatial access to food outlets, and consumer nutrition environments, environments inside food outlets, on adolescent food purchasing and dietary behaviors in high‐income countries. Six databases were searched for articles published before January 2023. Results were synthesized using a vote‐counting technique and effect direction plots that record the direction of the effect in relation to the anticipated relationship with health. Thirty‐four observational and two intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. In the 13 studies assessing adolescent exposure to healthy community nutrition environments, results did not show clear associations with dietary and purchasing outcomes. Thirty studies assessed adolescents' exposure to unhealthy community nutrition environments with the majority (n = 17/30, 57%) reporting results showing that greater exposure to food outlets classified as unhealthy was associated with less healthy food purchases and dietary intakes. Inconsistent results were observed across the seven studies investigating associations with the consumer environment. Further research in these areas, including more high‐quality intervention studies, may help to develop policy strategies to improve adolescents' dietary behaviors.
Study on the International Law of Japan's Discharging Contaminated Water from the Nuclear Accident into the Sea*
Authors: Wu Wei , Gong Junming
Published: April 2023

This paper focuses on the issues of international law involved in discharging of nuclear contaminated water from a nuclear accident into the sea, taking Japan as an example, and proposes a pathway for marine environmental cooperation as a reference for regional States and the international community. Specifically, this paper first examines the current situation of the discharge of contaminated water from the nuclear accident in Japan. Secondly, we explore the negative effect of discharging contaminated water from the nuclear accident into the sea, particularly its impact on the marine environment and marine industries. Thirdly, we analyze the dilemma faced by the current system of international law in regulating the discharge of contaminated water from the nuclear accident into the sea. Fourthly, we illustrate the potential responsibilities of the NACW discharging States. Finally, the article takes international cooperation as the principal means and proposes several detailed ways to establish and develop the regulation regarding the discharge of contaminated water from the nuclear accident into the sea.
Evaluation of antinociceptive effect and pharmacological mechanisms of thiocyanoacetamide in rats
Authors: Ben Othman Amal , Ben Ali Ridha , Ben Akacha Azaiez , El May Michèle Véronique
Published: April 2023

Objective

Acute pain is the most common type of pain. The aim of the present work was carried out to study the antinociceptive effect and pharmacological mechanisms of thiocyanoacetamide (Thm) in rats exposed to thermal pain stimulus.

Materials and Methods

The anti‐nociceptive effect of the newly synthesized compound, Thm was studied in comparison to that of paracetamol (Para), dexamethasone (Dex), and morphine (Morph) at different doses using a hot plate test at a constant temperature of 48.0 ± 0.5°C. During this test, the latency time (LT) was measured when rats express pain behavior. Then, the pharmacological mechanisms were determined using receptor‐antagonist drugs.

Results

Firstly, the obtained result showed pain modulation of the pretreated rats with Thm at 10 mg/kg dose proved by the delay of latency time during the thermal test. This significant antinociceptive activity of the thiocyanoacetamide was more effective than that of paracetamol or dexamethasone and less than that of morphine. Second, the pretreatment with acebutolol or risperidone antagonist drugs of, respectively, adrenergic and serotonin receptors demonstrated the elimination of pain modulation with Thm 10 mg/kg dose proved by a short latency time of rat's response in hot plate test. In this case, the pharmacological mechanism of Thm was characterized by the involvement of adrenergic and serotoninergic systems.

Conclusions

It may be concluded that Thm constitutes a promising antinociceptive drug including beta‐adrenergic and serotoninergic targets. The present study warrants further investigation to determine the side effects of this compound.
Failure to thrive among asylum‐seeking children: A descriptive study from Turkey
Authors: Bulucu Büyüksoy Gizem Deniz
Published: April 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine failure to thrive among asylum‐seeking children.

Design

The study was a descriptive study.

Sample

The sample of the study comprised of 187 children who were registered in an Afghan Association. The power of the study was found to be 97% at 0.5% (moderate) effect size and 95% confidence level.

Measurements

The data was collected between November 8, 2021 and January 10, 2022 using a sociodemographic form and the children's anthropometric measurement.

Results

57.2% of children were male and 44.9% were 6–12 years old. It was determined that female and male infants less than 1 year of age were underweight (z‐score = −2) and male infants were stunting (z‐score ≤−1).

Conclusions

Childhood growth and development problems are significant issues among asylum‐seeking families. Public health nurses need to develop their roles in organizing the healthcare service for vulnerable and underrepresented groups.
Comparative assessment of facemask therapy with and without skeletal anchorage in growing Class III patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP): A single‐center, prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Dutta Shuvadeep , Batra Puneet , Raghavan Sreevatsan , Sharma Karan , Talwar Aditya , Arora Anika , Srivastava Amit
Published: April 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the maxillary protraction effect of facemask therapy with and without skeletal anchorage in growing Class III patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Materials and Methods

Thirty patients (aged 9–13 years) with UCLP having a GOSLON score 3 were selected for this prospective clinical study. The patients were allocated into two groups using computer generated random number table. Group I (facemask therapy along with two I shaped miniplates, FM + MP) and Group II (facemask mask along with tooth‐anchored appliance, FM). Skeletal and dental parameters were evaluated on pre‐ and post‐treatment lateral cephalograms and pharyngeal airway on cone‐beam computed tomography systems (CBCT) for assessment of the treatment changes.

Results

Both methods proved to be effective with statistically significant improvements in skeletal and dental parameters (p < .05). Skeletal parameters (e.g., SNA, convexity‐point A, ANB) with the FM + MP group showed greater change compared to those with FM group (SNA, 2.56°; convexity‐point A, 1.22°; ANB, 0.35°). Significant proclination of maxillary incisors was observed in the FM group as compared to FM + MP group (U1 to NA, 5.4°; 3.37 mm). A statistically significant increase in pharyngeal airway volume was noted in both groups (p < .05).

Conclusion

While both therapies are effective in protracting the maxilla in growing patients with UCLP, the FM + MP allows for a greater skeletal correction, minimizing the dental side effects seen with FM therapy alone. Thus, FM + MP appears to be a promising adjunct in reducing the severity of Class III skeletal correction needed in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP).
Influence of closed glove exchange on bacterial contamination of the hands of the surgical team
Authors: Biehl Kathryn , Rogovskyy Artem S. , Jeffery Nicholas , Douglas Pamela , Thieman Mankin Kelley M.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine if closed glove exchange (CGE) increases hand contamination.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Sample population

Surgical teams participating in 65 individual surgical procedures were included, resulting in 200 individual enrollments.

Methods

At the completion of surgery, gloves were removed and hands were swabbed. The inside of the gown cuff was swabbed. Each participant regloved, using a closed gloving technique. The new gloves were removed, and hands were swabbed for culture a second time. Swabs underwent standard bacterial culture.

Results

Before glove exchange, or baseline, contamination was found on 17/200 dominant hands and 13/200 nondominant hands. After performing CGE, contamination was found on 14/200 and 15/200 dominant and nondominant hands, respectively. No difference was detected between the number of CFUs cultured from a surgeon's hands before CGE and the number of CFUs cultured from a surgeon's hands post‐CGE (one sided sign test, p = .61). Twelve (12) different bacterial species were identified, the most common were Staphylococcus spp. (97/154; 63%).

Conclusion

Closed glove exchange did not increase bacterial hand contamination over baseline levels.

Clinical significance

We found no evidence to support discontinuing CGE.
Tissue-resident memory T cell maintenance during antigen persistence requires both cognate antigen and interleukin-15
Authors: Tieu Roger , Zeng Qiang , Zhao Daqiang , Zhang Gang , Feizi Neda , Manandhar Priyanka , Williams Amanda L. , Popp Benjamin , Wood-Trageser Michelle A. , Demetris Anthony J. , Tso J. Yun , Johnson Aaron J. , Kane Lawrence P. , Abou-Daya Khodor I. , Shlomchik Warren D. , Oberbarnscheidt Martin H. , Lakkis Fadi G.
Published: April 2023

Our understanding of tissue-resident memory T (T
RM
) cell biology has been largely developed from acute infection models in which antigen is cleared and sterilizing immunity is achieved. Less is known about T
RM
cells in the context of chronic antigen persistence and inflammation. We investigated factors that underlie T
RM
maintenance in a kidney transplantation model in which T
RM
cells drive rejection. In contrast to acute infection, we found that T
RM
cells declined markedly in the absence of cognate antigen, antigen presentation, or antigen sensing by the T cells. Depletion of graft-infiltrating dendritic cells or interruption of antigen presentation after T
RM
cells were established was sufficient to disrupt T
RM
maintenance and reduce allograft pathology. Likewise, removal of IL-15 transpresentation or of the IL-15 receptor on T cells during T
RM
maintenance led to a decline in T
RM
cells, and IL-15 receptor blockade prevented chronic rejection. Therefore, antigen and IL-15 presented by dendritic cells play nonredundant key roles in CD8 T
RM
cell maintenance in settings of antigen persistence and inflammation. These findings provide insights that could lead to improved treatment of chronic transplant rejection and autoimmunity.
Isolated invasive fungal sphenoid sinusitis-induced extensive bone erosion and severe meningoencephalitis: diagnosis and multidisciplinary management
Authors: Hallak Bassel , Teiga Pedro , Hedjoudje Abderrahmane , Alvarez Vincent
Published: April 2023

Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is more common in immunosuppressed patients but can also occur in immunocompetent hosts. While the non-invasive type of fungal sinusitis has usually a good prognosis, IFS is a potentially lethal condition.

We report the case of a woman in her 60s presenting an isolated fungal infection byAspergillus fumigatusof the right sphenoid sinus, causing extensive bone erosion of its walls and complicated by severe meningoencephalitis. She was healthy without any immunosuppressive conditions. Methods of diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, follow-up and outcomes are documented.

Early-stage diagnosis of sphenoid sinus pathologies is often delayed because patients are usually asymptomatic. IFS of the sphenoid is more aggressive than other paranasal sinus and carries significant mortality. Early diagnosis and aggressive and multidisciplinary treatment are crucial to reduce sequels and improve patient’s survival.
Factors related to intracerebral haematoma in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in Vietnam: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Mai Ton Duy , Vu Luu Dang , Dao Co Xuan , Ngo Hung Manh , Hoang Hai Bui , Tran Tuan Anh , Pham Trang Quynh , Pham Dung Thi , Nguyen My Ha , Nguyen Linh Quoc , Dao Phuong Viet , Nguyen Duong Ngoc , Vuong Hien Thi Thu , Vu Hung Dinh , Nguyen Dong Duc , Vu Thanh Dang , Nguyen Dung Tien , Do Anh Le Ngoc , Pham Quynh Thi , Khuat Nhung Hong , Duong Ninh Van , Ngo Cong Chi , Do Son Ngoc , Nguyen Hao The , Nguyen Chi Van , Nguyen Anh Dat , Luong Chinh Quoc
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To investigate the impact of intracerebral haematoma (ICH) on the outcomes and the factors related to an ICH in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) in a low- and middle-income country.

Design

A multicentre prospective cohort study.

Setting

Three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Participants

This study included all patients (≥18 years) presenting with aSAH to the three central hospitals within 4 days of ictus, from August 2019 to June 2021, and excluded patients for whom the admission Glasgow Coma Scale was unable to be scored or patients who became lost at 90 days of follow-up during the study.

Outcome measures

The primary outcome was ICH after aneurysm rupture, defined as ICH detected on an admission head CT scan. The secondary outcomes were 90-day poor outcomes and 90-day death.

Results

Of 415 patients, 217 (52.3%) were females, and the median age was 57.0 years (IQR: 48.0–67.0). ICH was present in 20.5% (85/415) of patients with aSAH. There was a significant difference in the 90-day poor outcomes (43.5% (37/85) and 29.1% (96/330); p=0.011) and 90-day mortality (36.5% (31/85) and 20.0% (66/330); p=0.001) between patients who had ICH and patients who did not have ICH. The multivariable regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.674; 95% CI: 1.372 to 5.214; p=0.004), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grades II (AOR: 3.683; 95% CI: 1.250 to 10.858; p=0.018) to V (AOR: 6.912; 95% CI: 2.553 to 18.709; p<0.001) and a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm (AOR: 3.717; 95% CI: 1.848 to 7.477; p<0.001) were independently associated with ICH on admission.

Conclusions

In this study, ICH was present in a substantial proportion of patients with aSAH and contributed significantly to a high rate of poor outcomes and death. Higher SBP, worse WFNS grades and ruptured MCA aneurysms were independently associated with ICH on admission.
Diet quality of preparatory school students in Awi Zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Demilew Yeshalem Mulugeta , Nigussie Azezu Asres , Almaw Hunegnaw , Sewasew Belete
Published: April 2023

Objective

The study aimed to assess diet quality and associated factors among preparatory school students in Awi Zone, Ethiopia.

Design

A school-based cross-sectional study design was used in this study.

Setting

The study was carried out in Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Participants

A total of 834 preparatory school students participated in the study.

Outcome measures

Diet quality was the outcome variable, and it was computed using the dietary diversity score, food variety score and consumption of animal-source foods. Students with high dietary diversity scores, appropriate animal-source food consumption and adequate food variety scores were labelled as having good-quality diets. Data were collected using a pretested structured self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to analyse the data. Variables with p≤0.2 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the strength of the association. Statistical significance was determined at p value less than 0.05.

Results

Only 24.7% (95% CI: 21.7%, 27.7%) of preparatory school students had good-quality diets. Being female (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.88, 95% CI: 2.0, 4.1), residing in an urban setting (AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.2), having an educated mother (AOR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7), having pocket money (AOR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.6) and nutrition information (AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1), and family monthly income >8000 Ethiopian birrs (AOR=3.90, 95% CI: 2.2, 7.1) were factors significantly associated with having good-quality diet.

Conclusion

The majority of the preparatory school students had poor-quality diets. These findings highlight the necessity of nutrition education that considers the sociodemographic characteristics of the students and their families. Implementing income-generating interventions for low-income households was also recommended by the findings.
Materials discovery at BESSY
Authors: Schwarzkopf Olaf , Jankowiak Andreas , Vollmer Antje ,   for the BESSY II/BESSY III team
Published: April 2023

The BESSY II synchrotron radiation source at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is an internationally leading facility playing to its strengths in the UV and soft X-ray regime, with the mission to enlight and enable materials discovery, develop solutions and answers to the societal challenges of this century, like Energy, Information and Health, and enable research and innovation along the entire value chain. To maintain BESSY II competitive while bridging to its successor source BESSY III, HZB is currently developing an ambitious strategic upgrade program of the facility which includes maintenance and modernization measures as well as the provision of new research opportunities with the focus on new operando capabilities for energy research and technology development. On the longer term, the 4th generation source BESSY III is needed to meet the requirements of the mission-oriented scientific focus fields Catalysis, Energy, Quantum and Information and Life Sciences as well as Metrology for Innovation.
Reinterpretation of the Grangier experiment using a multiple-triggering single-photon model
Authors: Clarke Barry R.
Published: April 2023

The classic Grangier et al. (1996) experiment is revisited to suggest an alternative model of a single photon. Photon-counting experiments using spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) show that not every single-photon incident on a detector triggers it, and that coincident triggering of detectors can occur during a single gate. The latter is usually interpreted as being caused by spurious photons entering the gate from different SPDC events. However, a pseudo-classical-type model is suggested which dispenses with these intruder photons. Here, a single-photon manifests as a transversely-iterated front of non-rotating screw threads. Each advancing thread has the potential to trigger a detector, and each allows the transfer of spin angular momentum (SAM). On exiting a beam splitter, a single-photon front can produce multiple triggering of detectors on different parts of the front with a probability of at most [Formula: see text] for the experiments presented.
Do the Right Thing
Authors: Albert Kendra , Grimmelmann James
Published: April 2023

Exploring the intersection of legal compliance and ethical judgment.
Putting a Teaspoon of Programming into Other Subjects
Authors: Guzdial Mark , Dodoo Emma , Naimpour Bahare , Nelson-Fromm Tamara , Padiyath Aadarsh
Published: April 2023

Using teaspoon languages to integrate programming across myriad academic disciplines.
PVA-Silica Composite Membrane for Aqueous Hybrid Flow Battery
Authors: Nikumbe Devendra Y. , Sreenath Sooraj , Paramasivam Selvaraj , Pawar Chetan M. , Bavdane Priyanka P. , Kumar Shanmugam Senthil , Nagarale Rajaram K.
Published: April 2023

The use of redox flow batteries (RFBs) has become a wise decision to preserve renewable energy. For its widespread commercialization, the appropriate selection of redox-active species and ion exchange membranes (IEM) is essential. Herein, we synthesized a robust PVA-Silica (PVA-SiO2) composite membrane and demonstrated its essential use in an aqueous hybrid RFB. A proton-conducting, chemically and physically stable membrane was created by combining the traditional hydrophilicity of PVA with well-defined interconnecting ion-conducting channels produced by uniformly distributed silica particles. We believe that thermal crosslinking ensured substantial dimensional and chemical durability, whereas silica permitted good ionic conductivity. The utility of the membrane was proved in a hybrid redox flow battery consisting of newly synthesized 1,4-phenoxy bis-propane sulfonic acid (PPS) and vanadium (III) salt in 2 M H2SO4. A detailed battery analysis was carried out with a rate performance study, cycling test, polarization curve, and OCV. Over 100 charge/discharge cycles, it demonstrated 95% coulombic efficiency, 61% voltage efficiency, and 57% energy efficiency at a current density of 50 mA cm−2, indicating the best utility of an oxidatively susceptible functional group-free robust proton conducting membrane.
Platform Tolerant RFID Tag Antenna Design for Safety and Real-Time Tracking of On-site Workers at Riskier Workplaces
Authors: Bansal Aarti , Khanna Rajesh , Sharma Surbhi
Published: April 2023

The safety of workers is significant when talking about large risky workplaces such as construction job sites. Therefore, we proposed a UHF-RFID tag antenna that can be used to identify various Job site equipments and also construction workers by tagging their wearable helmets. Here, the compact, low profile, and simple structured platform-tolerant RFID tag antenna is proposed and optimized for metal sheet and ABS-based safety helmets. Furthermore, WTMiddleware (Worker Tracking Middleware) using Javascript, CSS, and HTML has been implemented to demonstrate a real-time secured web-based remote access of workers to provide their actual on-site monitoring and tracking of construction equipment carried/operated by the workers for tracking solutions. First, the fabricated tag’s performance was tested successfully in an outdoor scenario on various mountable materials such as wood, glass, plastic, and metal. The tag yielded a reasonable read range of 5.9 m on metallic sheet and 7.1 m on plastic with the highest read distance of 9.3 m on a glass sheet. Also, the measurement setup along with developed WTMiddleware was deployed in an actual workplace to demonstrate practical utility of the designed tag affixed on workers’ safety helmets. It was observed that all the workers wearing tagged helmets were successfully identified, tracked, and monitored. Also, their real-time on-site details, working zone, and complete personal details were accessed through a developed web page application via WTMiddleware.
Characteristics of Tight Dolostone Reservoir and Its Main Controlling Factors in the Submember Ma55 of Majiagou Formation in the Western Ordos Basin
Authors: Li Baiqiang , Zhou Taofa , Wu Zhenzhen , Ketchaya Yanick Blaise , Wang Qicong , Zhang Xiaoli , Du Jiangmin , Quaye Jonathan Atuquaye
Published: April 2023

The tight carbonate reservoir was controlled by various geological factors, and such factors played different roles in buried depths and formations. Therefore, studies related to the factors controlling carbonate reservoir distribution are of great significance for the prediction and evaluation of high-quality dolostone reservoirs. In this paper, we focus on the controlling factor of the submember Ma55 dolostone reservoir in the western Ordos Basin. The main rock types, reservoir pores, physical properties, and pore structure characteristics of the reservoir were analyzed by thin section identification, physical property analysis, and mercury injection, respectively. Then, the main controlling factors of reservoir development were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of palaeostructure, lithofacies palaeogeography, diagenesis, and diagenetic facies. The results show that two kinds of dolostone reservoirs in the submember Ma55 developed in the western Ordos Basin, including intercrystalline pore-type and dissolution pore-type. The former reservoir is primarily characterized by powder-fine dolostone with residual structure, dolomite intercrystalline pore, and micropore with porosity ranging from 2% to 11%. There are three types of pore structures developed in it, such as macropore-medium throat-single peak (MAMS), macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS), and medium pore-fine throat-single peak (MEFS). The latter reservoir is mainly featured by powdery crystalline dolostone with gypsum and halite dissolution, moldic pore, and dissolved pore between breccias with a porosity greater than 5%. It consists of two types of pore structures, such as macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS) and medium pore-coarse throat-multipeak (MECM). The intercrystalline pore-type dolostone reservoir is mainly controlled by the lithofacies palaeogeographic environment and diagenesis. In specific, the shoal microfacies at the edge of the platform and the active reflux seepage dolomitization are the basic sedimentary environment conditions for reservoir formation and the key to reservoir formation, respectively. The dissolution pore-type dolostone reservoir is primarily influenced by both paleostructure and diagenesis. The relatively high part of the paleostructure provides favorable conditions for the formation of evaporate minerals, and early freshwater dissolution is the key to reservoir formation. This research will provide a theoretical basis for forecasting the favorable distribution areas of different types of dolostone reservoirs.