bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a unified model for positive states, mindfulness and wellbeing
Authors: Bloomfield Simon
Published: June 2020

A
unified model of positive emotional expression, based on existing research, is
presented. The proposed model is broader in scope, than a purely cognitive
model (see Fig. 1); incorporating pro-social states can be induced directly
through adaptive perceptual processes such as mirror-neuronal mechanisms, but
whereby state expressions are modulated by adaptive fundamental cognitive evaluations (FCEs). It is proposed that these FCEs work in cohort
to elicit emotional experience and prime the expressional potentiality of
related affective states that share FCE dimensions. So that an individual
experiencing kindness would be more likely to be disposed to feeling compassion
or muditā (vicarious joy) - enabling appropriate onward social interaction.

It
is proposed that the activation of FCEs are modulated by socio-cultural schema,
including attitudinal scripts shared within a culture and reflected in
heterogeneous trait patterns by cultural/geographical area. The role of mindful decentring from such
schema, and the onward effect on FCE expression, is explored; specifically, in
relation to states associated with Self-Determination Theory’s (SDT)
motivational areas of competency, autonomy and relatedness.

A
speculative model exploring the relationship between SDT, positive states; key
aspect of mindfulness and HEXACO traits is presented as a spur for future
discussion and study (see Fig. 2).
PENGARUH TATA KELOLA, TINGKAT PENGUNGKAPAN, DAN KUALITAS AUDIT TERHADAP BESARAN TRANSAKSI PIHAK BERELASI
Authors: Felix Felix , Hanna Hanna
Published: June 2020

This research is intended to get the empirical evidence related to the effect of corporate governance mechanism, related party disclosures and audit quality through related party transactions.  This research is conducted by using all listed manufacturing company in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2015 – 2017 with total sample of about 270 firm years. The result shows that the corporate governance has positive and significant effect to related party transactions which is proxied by assets and liabilities related party transactions. While related party transaction disclosures has no significant effect to the related party transactions itself. Whereas, audit quality has negative significant effect to related party transactions which is proxied by assets and liabilities related party transactions.

Keywords: Related party transactions, corporate governance, related party disclosure, audit quality

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh tata kelola perusahaan, tingkat pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi, dan kualitas audit terhadap besaran transaksi pihak berelasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2015 – 2017 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 270. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tata kelola perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap besaran transaksi pihak berelasi yang diproksikan dengan transaksi pihak berelasi terkait aset dan liabilitas. Tingkat pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi terbukti tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap besaran transaksi pihak berelasi yang diproksikan dengan transaksi pihak berelasi terkait aset dan liabilitas. Sedangkan, kualitas audit terbukti berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap besaran transaksi pihak berelasi yang diproksikan dengan transaksi pihak berelasi terkait aset dan liabilitas.

Kata kunci: Besaran transaksi pihak berelasi, corporate governance, tingkat pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi, kualitas audit
Tantangan Profesi Guru pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: June 2020

Profesi keguruan merupakan profesi yang terus berkembang.Pemikiran tentang profesi keguruan kerap kali diperbincangkan. Bagi seorangguru, pengetahuan tentang profesi keguruan harus benar-benar dimiliki untukdapat meningkatkan profesionalitas dalam melaksanakan tugas.Perkembangan profesi keguruan harus melihat perkembangan era yang terusberkembang di tengah kehidupan manusia. Era demi era telah dilalui olehmanusia secara sadar mapun tidak. Karena perkembangan era dalamkehidupan manusia terlihat dan dapat dirasakan oleh sebagian manusia yangterbuka diri untuk selalu mempelajari atau update mengenai perkembanganteknologi informasi yang dapat mempermudah kerja manusia itu sendiri.Perubahan era, dari era revolusi (mesin uap) 1.0, era elektrisity (listrik)2.0, era komputerisasi (3.0), 4.0 (digitalisasi) dan 5.0 (society) memberikandampak bagi perkembangan semua profesi yang ada dalam kehidupan,termasuk salah satunya dalam profesi keguruan yang mengalamiperkembangan sesuai era yang terus berkembang. Era 4.0 adalah era yangsangat memberikan dampak bagi profesi keguruan karena di era inidigitalisasi tidak dapat ditutupi perkembangannya untuk memberikanmanfaat yang lebih besar bagi guru yakni dapat lebih mempermudah kegiatanKBM dengan siswa, maupun untuk membuat perangkat kerja maupuntugasnya. Segala hal menjadi tanpa batas dan tidak terbatas akibatperkembangan internet dan digital di era 4.0.
Jihad dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: June 2020

Kehadiran agama Islam yang dibawa Nabi Muhammad Saw diyakini dapatmenjamin terwujudnya kehidupan manusia yang sejahtera lahir dan batin,Petunjuk-petunjuk agama mengenai berbagai kehidupan manusia, sebagaimanaterdapat di dalam sumber ajaranya, alqur’an dan hadist tampak ideal dan agung,Di dalam Al-qur’an dan Hadist Allah memerintahkan berjihad untuk menegakkansyariat islam sebagaimana yang telah di lakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Structural Analysis Of The Receptor Binding Motif Of Spike Glycoprotein Explains The High Stability Of SARS-CoV-2 RBD/hACE2-complex
Authors: Pandya Akshay Nileshkumar
Published: June 2020

SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 both are the Coronaviruses causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS). Genomes of both SARS-viruses are identical and they both use Spike glycoprotein to enter the host cell. hACE2(human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) is the receptor used by both viruses to enter the host cell. Despite the similar structures, the SARS-CoV-2 is more infective compared to the SARS-CoV. As the SARS-CoV-2 RBD/hACE2 complex is more stable compared to the SARS-CoV RBD/hACE2 complex, the SARS-CoV-2 is more effective in terms of entering the host cells. Structural analysis revealed that the addition of a Furin cleavage site and the structural changes in Receptor Binding Domain(RBD) of the Spike protein are mainly responsible for this increase in the stability. Differences between the structure of the Spike glycoproteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in-depth and an attempt to correlate them with increased infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2(compared to the SARS-CoV) is made.
Racial Inequality in Psychological Research: Trends of the Past and Recommendations for the Future
Authors: Lab Social Concepts
Published: June 2020

Race plays an important role in how people think, develop, and behave. In the current article, we queried more than 26,000 empirical articles published between 1974 and 2018 in top-tier cognitive, developmental, and social psychology journals to document how often psychological research acknowledges this reality and to examine whether people who edit, write, and participate in the research are systematically connected. We note several findings. First, across the past five decades, psychological publications that highlight race have been rare, and although they have increased in developmental and social psychology, they have remained virtually nonexistent in cognitive psychology. Second, most publications have been edited by White editors, under which there have been significantly fewer publications that highlight race. Third, many of the publications that highlight race have been written by White authors who employed significantly fewer participants of color. In many cases, we document variation as a function of area and decade. We argue that systemic inequality exists within psychological research and that systemic changes are needed to ensure that psychological research benefits from diversity in editing, writing, and participation. To this end, and in the spirit of the field’s recent emphasis on metascience, we offer recommendations for journals and authors.
Isu-isu Kontemporer dalam Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: June 2020

Pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) merupakan fondasi bagiperkembangan kualitas sumber daya manusia selanjutnya. Karena itupeningkatan penyelenggaraan PAUD sangat memegang peranan yangpenting untuk kemajuan pendidikan di masa mendatang. Arti pentingmendidik anak sejak usia dini dilandasai dengan kesadaran bahwa masakanak-kanak adalah masa keemasan (the Golden Age), karena dalamrentang usia dari 0 sampai 5 tahun, perkembangan fisik, motorik danberbahasa atau linguistik seorang anak akan tumbuh dengan pesat. Selainitu anak pada usia 2 sampai 6 tahun dipenuhi dengan senang bermain.
The Verifiability Approach: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies and a Test of a Decline Effect
Authors: Delmas Hugues , Jouen François , Demarchi Samuel
Published: June 2020

Liars are caught in a paradox: they want to provide details to be credible but not so many they could be discovered being untruthful. The verifiability approach assumes that liars include fewer verifiable details, more unverifiable details (or a similar amount), and a lower proportion of verifiable details than truth-tellers. This meta-analysis included 17 published studies, resulting in an overall medium veracity effect for the number (gu = 0.64, gu = 0.55 without outlier) and the proportion of verifiable details (gu = 0.66). No veracity effect was found for the unverifiable details. The type of lie, the use of an information protocol, and the type of statement moderated the veracity effect on the verifiability approach. No effect was found for motivation. A decline effect only appeared for the number of verifiable details. Recommendations for future studies and field applications are discussed.
Jurnal Perangkat SDM Ananda
Authors: Ikhwan Ananda Nurul
Published: June 2020

Abstrak – Analisis tinjauan pada studi literature terhadap artikel atau tulisan yang membahas tentang membangun Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Manusia. Metode yang digunakan pada jurnal ini adalah studi literature dengan mengunjungi beberapa halaman atau artikel dari world wide web, yang dilakukan dengan jenis naratif (pemaparan) terkait dengan topik penggunaan sistem Sumber Daya Manusia. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan penulis adalah dengan melakukan penyaringan (apply filter), berdasarkan tahun yakni 2019-2020, judulnya yakni yang relevan dengan Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Manusia dan topiknya. Secara keseluruhan, inti yang dibahas adalah Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Manusia yang popular.Kata Kunci: Perangkat manusia, Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya ManusiaAbstract – Abstract - Analysis of the review of literature studies on articles or writings that discuss building Human Resource Information Systems. The method used in this journal is the study of literature by visiting several pages or articles from the world wide web, which is carried out with a narrative type (exposure) related to the topic of the use of the Human Resources system. The data analysis technique used by the author is by applying filter, based on the year 2019-2020, the title of which is relevant to the Human Resources Information System and its topic. Overall, the core discussed was the popular Human Resources Information System.Keyword: Human Devices, Human Resources Information Systems.
السلطة وسوء استخدامها من وجهة نظر نفسية "-الصورة السيئة للسلطة والنرجسية"
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: June 2020

من الواضح أننا نعيش في "عصر النرجسية" (عشق الذات – التمركز على الذات- الإعجاب بالنفس - الأنانية). فإذا أضيف إلى ذلك الادعاءات بالسلطة أو حتى إساءة استخدامها، فإن المشكلة تصبح عندئذ كاملة. ولعله هناك مراحل تاريخية كثيرة تسببت فيها شخصيات نرجسية في السلطة بالأذى والضرر والمعاناة. غير أنه في الدول الديموقراطية اليوم فإن المراقبة الشديدة تمنع من إساءة استخدام السلطة. فكلما ارتفع المنصب زادت المراقبة والضبط. وعلى أية حال فإن السلطة ظاهرة ساحرة، تثير أكثر المشاعر والأوهام والتقييمات تناقضاً، كما يقول الخبراء.
The lighting of the BECONs: A behavioral data science approach to tracking interventions in COVID-19 research
Authors: Borsboom Denny , Blanken Tessa , Dablander Fabian , Tanis Charlotte , van Harreveld Frenk , van Mieghem Piet
Published: June 2020

The imposition of lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 outbreak has underscored the importance of human behavior in mitigating virus transmission. Scientific study ofinterventions designed to change behavior (e.g., to promote social distancing) requiresmeasures of effectiveness that are fast, that can be assessed through experiments, and that can be investigated without actual virus transmission. This paper presents a methodological approach designed to deliver such indicators. We show that behavioral data, obtainable through tracing apps currently in development, can be used to assess a central concept in epidemiology known as the contact network: a network representation that encodes which individuals have been in physical proximity long enough to transmit the virus. Because behavioral interventions alter the contact network, a comparison of contact networks before and after the intervention can provide information on the effectiveness of the intervention. We coin indicators based on this idea Behavioral Contact Network (BECON) indicators. We examine the performance of three indicators: the Density BECON (based on differences in network density), the Spectral BECON (based on differences in the eigenvector of the adjacency matrix), and the ASPL BECON (based on differences in average shortest path lengths). Using simulations, we show that all three indicators can effectively track the effect of behavioral interventions. Even in conditions with significant amounts of noise, BECON indicators can reliably identify and order effect sizes of interventions. The present paper invites further study of the method as well as practical implementations to test the validity of BECON indicators in real data.
Autism-Spectrum Traits Predict the Embodiment of Manipulation Knowledge about Object Concepts: Evidence from Eyetracking
Authors: Davis Charles P. , Eigsti Inge-Marie , Healy Roisin , Joergensen Gitte H. , Yee Eiling
Published: June 2020

Sensorimotor-based theories of cognition predict that even subtle developmental motor differences, such as those found in individuals on the autism spectrum, affect how we represent the meaning of manipulable objects (e.g., faucet). Here, we test 85 participants, who completed the Adult Autism Spectrum Quotient (to measure autism-spectrum characteristics), on a visual world experiment designed to assess conceptual representations of manipulable objects. Participants heard words referring to manually manipulable objects (e.g., faucet) while we recorded their eye movements to arrays of four objects: the named object, a related object typically manipulated similarly (e.g., jar), and two unrelated objects. Consistent with prior work, we observed more looks to the related object than to the unrelated ones (i.e., a manipulation-relatedness effect). This effect has been taken to reflect overlapping conceptual representations of objects sharing manipulation characteristics (e.g., faucet and jar) due to embodied sensorimotor properties being part of their representations. Critically, we observed that as participant-level autism-spectrum characteristics increased, manipulation-relatedness effects became smaller, whereas in control trials that included a shape (instead of manipulation) related object, relatedness effects increased. The results support the hypothesis that differences in object-concept representations on the autism spectrum emerge at least in part via differences in sensorimotor experience.
Effortful listening under the microscope: examining relations between pupillometric and subjective markers of effort and tiredness from listening.
Authors: McGarrigle Ronan , Rakusen Lyndon , Mattys Sven
Published: June 2020

Effort during listening is commonly measured using the task-evoked pupil response (TEPR); a pupillometric marker of physiological arousal. However, studies to date report no association between TEPR and perceived effort. One possible reason for this is the way in which self-report effort measures are typically administered, namely as a single data point collected at the end of a testing session. Another possible reason is that TEPR might relate more closely to the experience of tiredness from listening than to effort per se. To examine these possibilities, we conducted two pre-registered experiments that recorded subjective ratings of effort and tiredness from listening at multiple time points and examined their co-variance with TEPR over the course of listening tasks varying in levels of acoustic and attentional demand. In both experiments, we showed a within-subject association between TEPR and tiredness from listening, but no association between TEPR and effort. The data also suggest that the effect of task difficulty on the experience of tiredness from listening may go undetected using the traditional approach of collecting a single data point at the end of a listening block. Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of a novel correlation analysis technique (‘rmcorr’), which can be used to overcome statistical power constraints commonly found in the literature. Teasing apart the subjective and physiological mechanisms that underpin effortful listening is a crucial step towards addressing these difficulties in older and/or hearing-impaired individuals.
The special relationship of internalizing symptoms and wellbeing: A cross-validation study considering indicator-level associations beyond the dual-factor model of mental health
Authors: Black Louise , Panayiotou Margarita , Humphrey Neil
Published: June 2020

Dual-factor models of mental health have emphasized the importance of considering both mental health difficulties and wellbeing in young people. However, studies to date have failed to consider the conceptual and statistical similarity between wellbeing and internalizing indicators. Drawing on network methods, we present exploratory and confirmatory models of indicator-level interactions for internalizing symptoms and wellbeing in two large independent samples (sample 1, N = 14,805, sample 2, N = 14,066). A densely connected network was found which showed good stability across samples. The most and strongest relationships were observed within the two domains. Nevertheless, direct associations similar to some within-domain relationships were also observed between internalizing and wellbeing indicators. Worry was the most central indicator in both samples, and was meaningfully related to the wellbeing indicator “feeling relaxed”. Evidence of known-groups validity was demonstrated since indicator-level interactions in the networks were sensitive to known differences between girls and boys. Findings suggest the covariance between internalizing symptom and wellbeing indicators in adolescent datasets should be more closely attended to, and controlled for in intervention and epidemiological research.Key words: internalizing symptoms, wellbeing, adolescence, network analysis
Attitude of Nurses towards Care of Elderly People in TU Affiliated Teaching Hospitals of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Upadhyay Radhika , Shakya Suraj , Pahari Durga Prasad
Published: June 2020

Nurses play an essential role in the provision of health services and health promotion for the elderly people. This study aims to find out the attitude of nurses towards care of elderly people in Tribhuvan University affiliated teaching hospitals of Kathmandu valley, Nepal.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 nurses working in TU affiliated teaching hospitals in Kathmandu. Data was collected proportionately from four hospitals using semi structured questionnaire and “Multifactor Attitudes Questionnaires (MAQ)” for assessing attitude of nurses towards care of elderly.  Data was entered in EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics namely Kruskal-Wallis and Man-Whitney test were used for analyzing data.

The overall response rate was 98% (236 out of 240 nurses). The mean age of respondents was 28.74 ±7.43 years.  The overall prevalence of attitude below than median value of the scale was 2.5% and more than half (51.3%) of respondents had knowledge below median value regarding care of elderly. Attitude towards elderly was found to be associated with age, working hour and qualification of the respondent. So these factors should be considered in nursing education and to improve attitude towards care of elderly people.

Keywords: Attitude, Nurse, Care, Elderly, Kathmandu
Role of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Authors: Pant P , Yadav B , Khan GM , Koju R , Gurung R , Pokharel B , Bedi TRS , Adkhari RK
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. Many patients suffering from chronic obstructive lungs diseases are of poor economic status, mostly illiterate, therefore has a direct bearing on patient compliance. Tiotropium is a new anticholinergic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that differs from ipratropium by its functional relative selectively for musarinic receptor subtypes and which allows single dosing a day. This study presents a cost-effectiveness, efficacy, and side-effects of Ipratropium bromide and Tiotropium in COPD. Methods: Prospective study was conducted In Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, between the year 2008 and 2009 in terms of cost-effectiveness, efficacy, and side-effects of Tiotropium and Ipratropium amongst COPD patients. Results: Tiotropium and Ipratropium were prescribed in total of 57 patients (30 in ipratropium bromide and 27 in tiotropium bromide) for the management of COPD among outpatients. There were no significant differences in age, height, weight and baseline lung function parameters (FEV1 and PEF) between the two drugs i.e. ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide. Significant improvement in lung function parameters were found in each respective group of drugs after bronchodilator therapy. Tiotropium results in significant reduction of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease exacerbations and significant improvement in quality of life, lung function, and dyspnoea compared to ipratropium. The additional cost to achieve these favorable outcomes was cheaper than Ipratropium bromide. (Nepalese Rs. 7.03 per day for tiotropium as compared to Rs. 9.06 for Ipratropium) Conclusions: Tiotropium results in significant reduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and significant improvement in quality of life, lung function and dyspnoea compared to Ipratropium. Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ipratropium; tiotropium DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4937 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 5-10
Mammographic evaluation of palpable breast masses with pathological correlation: a tertiary care centre study in Nepal
Authors: Gurung G , Ghimire RK , Lohani B
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the major health problem for all countries. . In Nepal , breast cancer is the second most common cancer in female. Early detecting tools like mammography can able to detect location , size, morphology, and nature of breast lesions that can help to reduced mortality and morbidity from breast cancer significantly. Methods: This prospective study was carried out at the department of Radiology, Surgery and Pathology for a period of one year. A total of 100 patients with clinically palpable breast lump were subjected to mammography and subsequently to FNA or biopsy. The mammograms were reviewed by two senior consultant radiologists and pathology by a senior pathologist. Results: Out of 100 patients, 65% had mammographic features of benign lesion and 35% had features of malignancy. Pathology revealed 64% of lesion to be benign and 36% of lesion to be malignant. There were four false negative (6.2%) and three false positive (8.6%) cases. The sensitivity and specificity of mammography were 88.9% and 95.53% respectively. The mean age of patient with malignant lesion was 46.3 years (SD=11.5) and 34.7 years (SD=10.6) for benign lesions. Among malignant lesion 37.1% had lobulated, 14.3% had oval, 31.4% round and 17.1% had irregular shape with spiculated margin in 60% and indistinct margins in 34.3%. Among benign 7.7% showed lobulated shape, 41.5% oval and 50.8% round shape. Circumscribed margin was found in 93.9% of benign and 5.7% of malignant lesions. Punctuate and polymorphic calcification was found in malignant lesions (25.7% and 5.7%). Secondary changes were found in only in the malignant cases. Halo sign was found only in benign cases and most common in fibroadenoma (38.4%). Conclusions: Mammography is an effective diagnostic tool for benign and malignant characteristic of palpable breast mass. Keywords: Breast lump; mammography; micro calcification DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4940 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 21-25
Bilobar agenesis of thyroid gland with hypertrophied isthmus
Authors: Sharma P , Karki B , Ghimire P Gautam , Shrestha M , Ghimire A , Pathak A
Published: June 2020

Bilobar agenesis of thyroid gland is a rare presentation of thyroid gland. Here we report an 18 years male presenting with history of midline swelling in the neck. Ultrasonography and CT neck revealed bilateral agenesis of thyroid gland with hypertrophied isthmus. Keywords: Bilobar agenesis of thyroid; Hypertrophied Isthmus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4947 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 51-52
Goldenhar syndrome with left bronchopulmonary agenesis: A rare association
Authors: Ghimire B , Thapa B , Shrestha UK , Sayami P
Published: June 2020

An eleven years female presented with recurrent chest infection since childhood with markedly diminished air entry on her right chest and mediastinal shift. She also had vague facial deformity with multiple auricular appendages. Computed tomography showed collapse of the left lung and on thoracotomy, complete agenesis of the left lung was noted. Goldenhar anomaly is rare and presents with variable degree of external anomaly. Its association with bronchopulmonary agenesis is extremely rare with few cases reported in the world literature. Features of other congenital should be sought for in a child with facial asymmetry, external auditory appendages, malformation of the, nose, soft palate, lip and mandible etc so that appropriate treatment can be administered. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4950 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 60-62
Creatinine clearance and subclinical target organ damage in primary hypertension
Authors: Das SK , Jha SC
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Despite the widely recognized dangers of uncontrolled hypertension, the disease remains inadequately treated in the majority of patients. This may be, in large part, because of the asymptomatic nature of the disease for the first 15 to 20 years, even as it progressively damages the cardiovascular system. Therefore, assessment of hypertension related subclinical target-organ damage represents a key diagnostic procedure for the risk stratification of hypertensive patients. Methods: A prospective case control study of 40 cases (hypertensive patients with CCR<60) and 40 controls (hypertensive patients with CCR>60) was conducted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Renal function was estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Left ventricular hypertrophy was determined by echocardiography. Retinal vascular changes were evaluated by direct ophthalmoscopy. Microalbumin in urine was measured from spot morning sample. Results: The prevalence of Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), microalbuminuria and retinopathy in cases and control group was 55% VS 20% (P=.001), 50% VS 20% (P=.004) and 92.5% VS 52.5% (P=.001). Patients with microalbuminuria showed prevalence of LVH, CCR<60 and retinopathy as 78.57%, 71.43% and 100% respectively. There was high prevalence of grade I and grade II retinopathy in patients with low CCR Conclusions: Results show that a reduction in creatinine clearance and/or presence of microalbuminuria is a marker of subclinical organ damage in patients with primary hypertension and normal serum creatinine irrespective of BP load and other traditional risk factors. Keywords: Creatinine clearance; primary hypertension; subclinical; target organ damage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i3.4957 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2010; 32:3 30-33
Incidence and risk factors of low birth weight babies born in Dhulikhel Hospital
Authors: Singh SD , Shrestha S , Marahatta SB
Published: June 2020

Introduction: WHO defines low birth weight (LBW) as a birth weight less than 2500 grams. Almost a third of the newborn in South East Asia Region is a low birth weight baby. Many risk factors contributing to LBW have been recognized, which in order of importance are low maternal weight, low maternal hemoglobin, low maternal height, primi-parity, adolescent mother and poor or inadequate maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Low birth weight babies have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than an infant of normal birth weight. The present study was carried out to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be beneficial to undertake effective measures to reduce the burden of the low birth weight. Methods: This was a hospital based case control study conducted in Dhulikhel hospital, Kavre, Nepal from Jan 1st 2008 to 30th May 2010. A total of 401 cases and an equal number of age matched controls were taken to assess the different risk factors of the mother for LBW babies. Ethical approval for the study was taken from KUSMS-Institutional research committee. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 10.0. Results: Data of 401 LBW and equal number of normal birth weight babies were analyzed. The incidence of LBW in this study was 11.07%. LBW was more common in female (n=236) than in male (n=165) babies. However this difference was statistically insignificant. Among the case and the control group, maternal hemoglobin (p<0.001), maternal height (p<0.001), maternal weight gain (p<0.0001), number of ANC visits (p<0.0001) were statistically significant. However with regards to ethnicity, nutrition during pregnancy, parity and age of the mother the association were insignificant. Ethnical group, nutrition during pregnancy, age of mother and parity was found to be statically insignificant for LBW Conclusions: LBW is a common problem of the developing world, which is an important factor for perinatal mortality and morbidity. Maternal height, hemoglobin, total weight gain and ANC visit were found to be the significant risk factors contributing to LBW DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i3.4959 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2010; 32:3 39-42
Histopathological and molecular confirmation of Porcine Cystic Echinococcosis (CE)/Hydatidosis in Nepal
Authors: Joshi DD , Yamasaki H
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a cyclo-anthropozoonotic disease (parasitic infestation) of herbivorous animals and human caused by larval stage of Echinococcus tapeworm, belonging to the family Taeniidae. Dogs and some wild carnivores like foxes are definitive hosts harbouring worms in their intestine while herbivorous animals and man are intermediate host. Human acts as the dead-end host of the parasite. It is known that cystic echinococcosis in humans and pigs is prevalent in Nepal. Methods: This study was carried out in Kathmandu valley pig rearing areas. Two cysts found in the pig pancreas were examined by histopathology and molecular analysis. Results: In the histopathological examination, the laminated layers of the cystic walls were strongly stained with PAS, and protoscoleces were observed in the cyst. In the present study, it was first confirmed that two hydatid cysts found in pigs were identified as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (sheep strain, E. granulosus G1) by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Conclusions: Molecular analysis is indispensable not only for studying Echinococcus species associated with pathogenicity and clinical manifestation, but also for molecular epidemiology. Keywords: Echinococcosis; Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto; sheep strain; histopathology; mitochondrial DNA analysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i3.4961 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2010; 32:3 54-58
An Adolescent with innumerable myomas
Authors: Baral J , Gurung G , Mishra S , Rai N , Paudyal P , Shrestha B , Rana A
Published: June 2020

Myoma is rare in younger age group, so tends to be mistaken for adnexal tumour. A 19 year old  adolescent who was taken for laparotomy for ovarian germ cell tumour instead was found to have  uterus studded with innumerable myomas, which were surgically removed through tedious yet  successful myomectomy of 40 myomas, thus deserving description. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i1.9122   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2012; 34:1 40-42
Future Emerging Issues in waterborne diseases and microbial agents
Authors: Sherchand JB
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8905 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:1-3
Human Resources for Health (HRH) and challenges in Nepal
Authors: Sherchand JB
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8889 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:1-2
Common childhood symptoms and rural home-treatment practices
Authors: Onyiriuka AN , Francisca EN
Published: June 2020

Introduction: At home, mothers are usually the first to identify symptoms in their children and initiate treatment but there is paucity of information on these initial steps taken by these mothers. The objective of the study is to examine how mothers treat common childhood symptoms at home before presentation in the hospital. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study along with a structured interviewer- administered questionnaire was used for data collection from 307 consecutive mothers. Data obtained included their children’s presenting symptoms, drugs administered, dosage regimen, source of the drugs, person who prescribed the drugs and storage of drugs. The axillary temperature of all the children were measured, using a mercury thermometer with the arm held firmly to the body. Results: Fever either alone or in association with other symptoms was the commonest (75.6%) presenting symptom. Among the 232 children reported as feverish by their mothers, 119 (51.3%) had normal body temperature (<37.50C) while the remaining 113 (48.7%) had elevated axillary temperature equal or greater than 37.50C. Analgesics, antimalarials and antibiotics were the three leading classes of drugs administered by the mothers, together accounting for 62.3% of all drugs. Antimalarials was the class of drug whose dosage regimen was most frequently incorrect, being correct in only 21.4% of cases. Mothers and patent medicine dealers accounted for 67.4% of all the prescriptions. The principal source of drugs was the patent medicine stores (62.2%). Of the 307 mothers, 64 (20.8%) administered left over drugs prescribed for a previous ailment. These drugs were stored mostly in closed cupboards and drawers (67.2% of cases) for a period of three to eight weeks (mean 5.2+0.8 weeks). The mothers had difficulty in correctly identifying fever with 51.3% of cases reported as feverish by their mothers having normal axillary temperature. Conclusions: The present home-treatment practices by mothers regarding their children’s symptoms is greatly deficient. Intervention aimed at improving the situation should include teaching mothers how to give oral drugs correctly, treat local infections, feed and give fluids  during illnesses as well as ways of recognizing signs indicating immediate return to the health facility. Training of patent medicine dealers on the basics of drug action is also essential. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8893   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:23-27
Laboratory parameters of Beta thalassemia patients visiting BPKIHS as diagnosed by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Sherchand O , KC R , Majhi S , Lamsal M , Baral N
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8894 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:28-31
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Elderly Population Living in Geriatric Homes in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Choulagai PS , Sharma CK , Choulagai BP
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Depression generally presents in all age group but is more common among elderly population living in geriatric homes. Despite the growth of geriatric home health services, little is known about the mental health needs of geriatric people seen in their homes. Methods: This study is conducted in July – December 2010 to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among elderly population living in geriatric homes in Kathmandu Valley. A total of 78 elderly people were included in this study. Semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guidelines were used to further exploring the associated factors of depression. The study participants were identified by using Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: The prevalence of depression was 51.3% with severe depression 15.4% and mild depression 35.9%. Most of the severely depressed respondents (75%) were widow/widower; most of the mild depressed respondents (85.7%) were illiterate; three quarter (75%) of severely depressed respondents had no children; and almost all of severely depressed respondents (90.9%) had difficulty in daily living activities due to health problems Conclusion: Majority of respondents were found to be living with varying level of depression. Poverty, presence of physical illness and lacking social and family support contributes to depression. Majority of depressed respondents mentioned their satisfaction with the living in geriatric home. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8896   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:39-44
Lupus Nephritis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sigdel MR , Shab DS , Raut KB
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8901   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:58-70
Pengaruh Strategi Problem Posing, Discovery Learning dan Tingkat Kereatifitas Siswa Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Siswa Smk Perguruan Teladan Sumatera Utara
Authors: Wijaya Candra , Elfidayanti Elfidayanti , Panggabean Hadi Saputra
Published: June 2020

Pemahaman konsep-konsep dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam yang bersifat action learning membutuhkan kreatifitas tinggi. Pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam belum mendorong siswa melakukan kreatifitas tingkat tinggi.Penggunaan model pembelajaran dengan menggunakan strategi Problem Posing dan Discovery Learning dengan memperhatikan kemampuan awal siswa diduga dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi pembelajaran yang efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan kemampuanawal siswa yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan model penelitian yaitu kuasi eksperimen. Kemudian sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMK Perguruan Teladan Medan. Data penelitianmenggunakan tes hasil belajar yang terdiri atas 15 soal pilihan ganda dan tingkat kreativitas siswa terdiri 5 soal esai.Tekhnik analisis data menggunakan analisis variansi dua jalur dengan sel tak sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Problem Posing lebihefektif meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan Discovery Learning, siswa berkreativitas awaltinggi memperoleh hasil belajar yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang berkreatifitas awal rendah, serta Problem Posing lebih cocok diterapkan kepada siswa yang berkreativitas tinggi.
Hubungan Antara Persepsi Kualitas Pelayanan dengan Iklim Organisasi pada Karyawan
Authors: Christopher Christopher , Barus Sri Linda , Elvinawanty Rianda
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Iklim Organisasi dengan Persepsi Kualitas Pelayanan. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT. Java Global Futures Medan sebanyak 92 orang yang menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Data diperoleh dari skala untuk mengukur iklim organisasi dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan melalui uji prasyarat analisis (uji asumsi) yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji linearitas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan korelasi Product Moment (Pearson Correlation) dengan bantuan SPSS 17 for Windows. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan koefisien korelasi r = 0.604, dan nilai signifikansi p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara iklim organisasi dengan persepsi kualitas pelayanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sumbangan yang diberikan variabel iklim organisasi terhadap variabel persepsi kualitas pelayanan adalah sebesar 35,6 persen, selebihnya 64,4 persen dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan dapat diterima.
Collaborative Innovation Model on 112 Call Center Service
Authors: Fadoli Muhammad Irsyad , Warsono Hardi
Published: June 2020

This article aims to find out and explore how collaborative innovation is applied to the 112 call center service. The problem is focused on examining: First, what the condition of  112 call center service is . Second. how collaborative innovation is applied to e-government services. Third, the collaborative model of 112 call center service. To approach these problems, theoretical references from several experts on collaborative innovation and collaborative models were used. Data were collected through a library research as a writing framework and analyzed qualitatively. This study indicates that 112 call center service  is a form of innovation in e-government applications. 112 call center service  is an emergency service occurs  in an area that must be handled as soon as possible. But this innovation do not always go well. It is since there are factors that hinder innovation. 112 call center service  has not become a single call number and has not been integrated throughout Indonesia. Recommendation for overcoming it is by collaboration between institutions at both the central and regional levels. Collaboration is formed using the E-Government Integration (EGI) model, which is the relationship between the central institutions and the regional institutions, among agencies, and the relationship with service users, namely the community and the private sectors. This relationship is supported by variables of strategy, technology, policy and organization. It is expected that by applying the model 112 call center services can be integrated.
Implementation of Public Service Principles at Sabak Auh Sub-district Head Office in Siak Regency
Authors: Nuraisah Nuraisah , Wahyuni Lilis
Published: June 2020

This article aims to find out the implementation of the principles of public service at the Sabak Auh District Office of Siak Regency. Data were collected through observation interviews and documentation and analyzed qualitatively. The result of this study concludes that the implementation of the principles of public service at Sabak Auh Sub-District Office Siak Regency was not yet fully good there were still some weaknesses in supporting the implementation of the principles of public service at Sabak Auh Sub-district Office in Siak Regency. To implement the principles of public service at Sabak Auh Sub-District Office, Siak Regency it was guided by the vision and mission of administrative services so that public satisfaction with public services increases and the image of the Sabak Auh Sub-District Office was recognized by the community.
Developing Sharia Tourism in Fostering Regional Economic Growth (Study on Sharia Tourism at West Nusa Tenggara)
Authors: Pelu Ibnu Elmi A.S , Kurniawan Rahmad , Akbar Wahyu
Published: June 2020

The study investigated the development of sharia tourism to encourage the growth of potential tourist destination improve the regional economy as a sharia tourism destination, as well as legal policies in fostering sharia tourism in West Nusa Tenggara. The study employed qualitative research approach using concept of sharia tourism, the legal approach, and the sharia economic contextual approach. The findings revealed that: (1) from the road map view,Sharia tourism carried out by West Nusa Tenggara Provincial government was a continuation of sharia tourism by establishing 99 sharia tourism villages having local wisdom. In addition, developing sharia tourism was done by performing itself as a sharia tourist destination that did not ignore other tourism. It was also an avenur for a particular tourism choice in West Nusa Tenggara. The sharia tourism was considered successful in attracting foreign tourist destination, especially tourists from Muslim countries and some attractive Investment. The development of sharia tourism also tend to increase positively toward economic growth at West Nusa Tenggara. This can be seen from the data released by West Nusa Tenggara Tourism Department and Bank Indonesia, which showed economic growth of this region without mining sector in 2016 has reached 5.72% increase, in 2017 up to 7.10%, and in 2018, despite the earthquake, it continued to increase to 7.23% /year. (2) from the view of legal policies, West Nusa Tenggara already has strong legal legitimacy, so it can guarantee legal certainty in developing Sharia tourism destination. So hat, Sharia tourism destination in West Nusa Tenggara have clear policy directions in their ideas. It was strongly supported by policies, and implemented gradually.
A robótica na escola
Authors: Brandão Pasinato Larissa , Sandini Trentin Marco Antônio
Published: June 2020

A tecnologia caminha para uma inserção cada vez mais marcante nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem nas escolas. Tendo em perspectiva os grandes avanços tecnológicos em nossa sociedade nos últimos anos, há uma crescente necessidade em apresentar essa tecnologia às crianças e adolescentes por intermédio da escola. Uma possibilidade de fazê-la é por meio da robótica educativa - ferramenta interdisciplinar que incentiva o aperfeiçoamento da habilidade lógico-matemática e da capacidade de resolução de problemas. Por mais que seja amplamente difundida, essa possibilidade ainda não se faz presente no cotidiano de muitos estudantes, visto que as dificuldades apresentadas nas escolas para a obtenção de recursos são várias e ultrapassam questões econômicas. Ao ponderar sobre o impacto que a robótica educativa exerce no cotidiano escolar, o presente trabalho teve como propósito o incentivo ao exercício do raciocínio lógico em alunos da rede pública de ensino do município de Casca/RS e região, por meio de um minicurso de robótica, a partir de uma sequência didática lúdica e incremental de conteúdos iniciais relativos à lógica de programação e robótica. Desse modo, atividades complementares como essa podem vir a contribuir ao exercício da perseverança, da criatividade e da inovação no cotidiano escolar e dinamizam as práticas em sala de aula, ponto que permite concluir que práticas como essa influenciam positivamente no desenvolvimento intelectual do aluno e são importantes para que a formação dos estudantes da educação básica seja complementada de maneira lúdica, objetiva e consoante com a realidade em que vivemos.