bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interaction Relationship between Support Setting Load and Surrounding Rock
Authors: Xu Gang , Liu Zhi Guo
Published: June 2014

The interaction relationship between support setting load and surrounding rock is the basis of support selection and surrounding rock control. The paper analyzes the interaction relationship between support setting load and surrounding rock by means of theory and experimental data. It is proved that setting load has an important influence on inhibiting immediate roof caving and enhancing immediate roof strength. The increment of setting load can prevent immediate roof falling. Setting load can affect the supporting body stiffness and distribution range of augmented resistance .The lower of the setting load, the larger of the roof deflection. The paper puts forward calculation method and influencing factors of coal wall stability ratio. According to the pressure date comparison of Tiebei mine two coal faces, setting load is one of important factors inducing roof large area weighting.
The Test Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Foundation
Authors: Yin Ya Jun , Xie Xue Wen , Qian Yong Mei
Published: June 2014

The test method of shallow plate load was used in the bearing capacity of foundation of Yushu City , doing two groups of loading test in different depths and doing survey and comparative test between test point nearby and sites in the same horizon.It gets the law of foundation soil bearing capacity value got by different test methods and provides the basis for Jilin Province to establish the local standards through the comparison of load test and geotechnical test , static cone penetration test and standard penetration test.
Surface Characteristics and Flotation Behaviour of Low-Grade Manganese Ore
Authors: Liang Huan , Zhou Feng , Wu Ze Ying , Yan Chun Jie , Luo Wen Jun
Published: June 2014

Evaluation possibility of low grade manganese mineral from Hunan by froth flotation technique was investigated. Manganese mineral sample was characterized with mineralogical analysis, XRD, and SEM studies for its mineral content and surface characteristics. XRD analysis showed that the gangue contents of manganese minerals are constituted mainly by dolomite as a carbonate mineral, quartz and feldspar. SEM indicated that existence of rhodochrosite, which mainly fills in the dolomite minerals. The influences of important factors on manganese mineral flotation are investigated. The size of grind, pulp pH, dosages of depressant and collector are essential to the effective recovery of rhodochrosite in manganese mineral flotation.
Classification of Rock Burst Tendency Based on Uncertainty Measurement Theory
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhao Xiao Xia
Published: June 2014

Based on the uncertainty measurement theory and entropy weight method, the classification model for rock burst tendency of coal was established. Four indexes were selected as evaluation indexes, i.e., the dynamic failure time (DT), the elastic energy index (WET), the impact energy index (KE) and the uniaxial compressive strength (RC).The weight coefficients of above four evaluation indexes were calculated by the entropy theory. Finally, the model of rock burst tendency classification based on the uncertainty measurement theory was applied to the classification of five different coal samples. Compared with the comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive method, the results show that the uncertainty measurement model has excellent performance and high accuracy prediction, which proves that this method used to classify the rock burst tendency of coal is reasonable and effective.
Research on Optimization of Bolt Support for Tilted Strata Roadway in Soft Rock
Authors: Tian Liang , Jiao Shao Peng , Zhao Wen Feng , Hao Xian Yong , Cheng Cheng
Published: June 2014

Bad and asymmetrical deformation occurred in soft tilted strata roadway for the existence of tectonic stress, we carried out the study on geostatic stress character and optimizing bolting support parameters in 2# coalbed of Zijin Colliery. Based on original rock stress measurement, broken rock zone measurement and survey of roadway deformation, characters of original rock stress and range of broken rock zone were given. According to existent problems, a variety of numerical computations were carried out by FLAC3D, failure mechanism of roof is shear-tensile failure. New support methods of bolt installed vertically in tilted roof and strengthening support of sidewalls and corners of roadway are figured out. The research was carried out for 600 meters. The monitoring results prove that the optimized support design is viable and the new bolting parameters are reasonable.
The Research of Blasting Dynamices to Slope Rock Mass Damage
Authors: Feng Shao Jie , Guo Pei , Sun Shi Guo , Liu Jia
Published: June 2014

The natural slope in the process of excavation, due to the dynamic action of blasting damage the integrity of the original rock, the slope rock mass occurred the partial or whole layer crack and the formation of slope rock mass loose zone, caused the strength of rock mass damage problem, and even lead to landslide. Aiming at the problem of the dynamic influence of blasting on the slope rockmass, study on the algorithm of the blasting damage in this article, combined with the Xiaolongtan coal mine slope engineering as an example to verified the damage model, the results showed that the damage model calculation value and the damage zone measured results have good consistency.
Effect of CO2 Partial Pressure on CO2/H2S Corrosion of Oil Tube Steels
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: June 2014

The CO2/H2S corrosion behaviors of oil tube steels N80 and P110 at different CO2 partial pressure (45psi, 135psi, 225psi, 315psi) were investigated by corrosion tests, corrosion rate calculation and corrosion morphology observation. The results show that at different CO2 partial pressure, super-serious CO2/H2S corrosion occurs on steel N80 and steel P110. With the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the CO2/H2S corrosion rates of both steels increase gradually.
Heavy Oil Layer Steam Injection Simulation Test System
Authors: Li Biao
Published: June 2014

Layer steam injection is a most effective method in heavy oil recovery. Layer Steam Injection Simulation Test System is a simulation test system of layer steam injection. It had been independent developed based on technologies such as PC, modern sensor, automatic control etc., so that to solve experimental problems like doing layer steam injection, selecting and testing downhole tools exactly. The system can offer no less than 320°C and 17MPa experimental environment. The system use heat transfer oil instead of high temperature and high pressure steam to do the experiment, which is a new way to do the similar experiment; the measurement and control system were designed and developed to control the whole system and measure the flow, pressure and temperature. It is determined that system can meet the design in advance through analysis of experimental data.
Imbibition Oil Recovery Theory and Influencing Factors: A Review
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wu Kang Yun , Rao Huan
Published: June 2014

Imbibition oil recovery theory main includes capillary forces theory, wettability alteration theory, ion desorption and flow theory. Imbibition is effected by many factors, including the reservoir rock wettability, reservoir properties, fluid properties and environmental factors. Due to the complexity of effect factors, the scholars’ views are not consistent on the imbibition oil recovery theory. In this review, the influencing factors and relationship of imbibition oil recovery theory are presented and comparatively discussed. Furthermore, the latest experimental research methods and progress are introduced as well. At last, the future development of the theory and the problems to be solved are predicted.
Material Optimization of Injection and Production String in Su4 Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Wang Yun , Li Jun , Cao Guang Qiang
Published: June 2014

There was carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other corrosive media in underground gas storage. As injection-production running, the injection and production string suffered corrosion. The wall of string might be thinner and be perforated. The well safety was influenced, and even the gas storage. How to choose reasonable and efficient anti-corrosion material was an important problem. According to Su 4 underground gas storage actual injection-production condition and the corrosion environment, the software simulation and laboratory experiments have been done. The material of injection-production string optimization was optimized, based on the evaluation of corrosion rate and the two aspects of sulfide stress cracking resistance. The results showed that the imported super 13Cr (S13Cr) could meet demand. It could ensure that the string corrosion rate was smaller than 0.125 mm/a and there was no pitting corrosion. When the tpemerature was at 135℃, only the S13Cr corrosion passivation membrane was not been damaged. And the sulfide stress cracking (SSC) would not occur. The S13Cr is recoomneded Su 4 underground gas storage.
Scheme Optimization of Freezing Technology for Borehole Stability of Gas Drilling
Authors: Wang Zong Gang , Wei Zhen
Published: June 2014

The gas drilling mainly relies on the high speed air flow to carry the cuttings. The formation water or oil mixed with the cuttings and then they stick together in clumps after the formation water or oil went into the hole annulus, the clumps stick on the drill string and the borehole. The clumps may block the hole annulus and cause the stick or bury the drill string and many other complex accident. It could stop the cuttings from sticking with the liquid through freezing the formation fluid with the liquid nitrogen. And the natural geotechnical becomes into the frozen soil, and forms the temporary solid which is intact, high strength and low-permeability. In this paper, according to the characteristic of the gas drilling technology, we optimized the scheme of freezing technology for borehole stability to give the theoretical basis of the industrial application.
Study on the Remaining Oil Distribution with Domain Decomposition Simulation Method
Authors: Chen Xing Hong
Published: June 2014

Block 127 reservoir was a typical heavy oil reservoir with normal pressure system, high density and viscosity. The block was low production because formation water invaded seriously. Well condition and effects of measure were badly year after year. In order to clarify remaining oil distribution rule, east and west typical well group of block in 127 was chosen. Careful research in typical well group and multiple well group synthesis research method was used to research with numerical simulation method. The sub-zone sand body residual oil saturation chorizo-gram of well groups and entire block were mapped, qualitative and quantity analysis residual oil distribution rule was studied on plane and vertical. The larger and more complex structure reservoir, used to Domain decomposition method with the typical well group fine research, multi-well-group integrated research method is feasible. The knowledge of residual oil is made deeply and these works offer technique support for block heavy oil reservoir.
Experimental Research on Using Horizontal Well with Chemical Flooding to Exploit Remaining Oil of Side Interlayer after Polymer Flooding
Authors: Chen Tao Ping , Wang Na , He Ru
Published: June 2014

In order to study the influence of horizontal well with chemical flooding on remaining oil of side interlayer after polymer flooding, experiments about high concentration polymer flooding, polymer activator alternating flooding and variable concentration polymer flooding are completed, after determining optimum position of horizontal well and the way of injection and production of water flooding and polymer flooding. Results show that the three methods all can improve recovery efficiency of side interlayer after polymer flooding effectively; horizontal well with variable concentration polymer flooding compared with high concentration polymer flooding, the improved recovery efficiency difference is small because of the same polymer total amount; horizontal well with polymer activator alternating flooding can not only enlarge sweep volume, but also improve the efficiency of wash oil, enhance recovery efficiency obviously, when compared with high concentration polymer flooding, is the best method for remaining oil of side interlayer after polymer flooding.
The Application of Identification of Fault by Well-Seismic Comprehensive Method - Taking Xingbei Oilfield as Example
Authors: Lv Shuang Bing
Published: June 2014

For small faults have great influence on remaining oil distribution and injection-production relation in the latter period of high water-cut oilfield, an accurate distribution of these minor faults is one of the main control factors of injection-production adjustment. So, the little fault location predication accurately is necessary. But, research that only rely on logging data description of fault and reservoir characteristics have certain limitation, especially in the fault-points, crosswell faults combination and extension length, plane position and continuity between wells sand body, etc. The seismic forward modeling analysis, 3D visualization, various fault classification identification describe integration technology was used, and the fine structure interpretation method was formed, which integrated technology of the first big to small, first simple to complex, slice confirm fault strike, seismic section ensure fault dip, common fixed fault attitude. Fault The remaining potential of fault nearby, crosswell sand body and enlarge transitional are developed by reunderstanding reservoir which was studied in well-seismic interpretation technology. It’s important to improve the fine remaining oil descriptiont for further increaseing understanding of reservoir and of high water-cut old oilfields.
The Distribution Rules of Gas in Shan 2 Member in Yulin Area of Changqing Gas Field
Authors: Chao Jing
Published: June 2014

Yulin area of Changqing gas field in Ordos basin has the favorable conditions for gas accumulation in Shan 2 Member, which is the main productive layer to increase reserve and production. Based on the research of gas pool forming conditions, the distribution rules of gas in Shan 2 Member in Yulin area of Changqing gas field can be concluded: coals, swap dark mudstones and delta front sandbodies are well-developed vertically, the conditions of reservoir-forming combination for self-generation and self-preservation are processed; the sandbodies developed in submerged distributary channel and mouth bar microfacies of delta front have a high content of quartz, which have a good physical properties and a high gas production. There is a good relationship between the distribution of gas pools and the maturity of sandstone, the value 6 of maturity index (86% quartz content) can be used to delineate the zones of gas enrichment and productivity. This rule can guide the exploration and production of this area in next step.
The Initiation Pressure Research of Hydrajet Fracturing in Open Deviated Wellbore
Authors: Shen Kun , Li Bin , Huang Zhan Wei , Guo Liang , Zhang Yu Chao , Luo Qing Mei , Hou Jun Gang
Published: June 2014

Hydrajet fracturing connects hydraulic perforating and hydraulic fracturing together, realizing precise perforating and fracturing without packers, and it reduces the pollution to the reservoir. Initiation pressure is a very important factor during hydrajet fracturing operation. Through contrast studies of hydraulic fracturing and hydrajet fracturing, comparing their similarities and differences, analyze the initiation mechanism of hydrajet fracturing in open deviated wellbore. The derived formula of initiation pressure can help guide parameter optimization during fracturing.
Hydraulic Fracturing Technology in Oil and Gas Development
Authors: Cai Bo , Ding Yun Hong , Shen Hua , Cui Zhou Qi , He Chun Ming
Published: June 2014

Fracturing as a method to stimulate shallow, hard rock oil wells dates back to the 1860s. The first hydraulic fracturing technology was applied in the US states of Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky in 1947. Hydraulic fracture was formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into the wellbore at a sufficient rate to increase downhole pressure to exceed that of the pressure gradient of the rock. In this paper, a few key techniques including hydraulic fracturing for the development of oil and gas resources were introduced. It has become a common technique to enhance the production of low-permeability formations, especially unconventional reservoirs such as tight sands, coal beds, and deep shales. Therefore hydraulic fracturing has been considered as “killer mace” for development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the world.
A Study about Diffusion Coefficient of Carbon Dioxide in Heavy Oil
Authors: Su Bo , Song Yong Chen , Liu Yu , Zhao Yue Chao , Hao Min , Zhou Xin Huan , Chen Jun Lin
Published: June 2014

CO2 injection into oil reservoirs can both enhance oil recovery and realize CO2 geological sequestration. The gas diffusion coefficient of CO2 in oil and water is a very important factor for EOR. This paper developed a simple experimental technique for measuring the CO2 diffusion coefficient in heavy oil. In this paper, we find the relationship between initial pressure and diffusion coefficient and equilibrium pressure at the same temperature.
Research of Three-Dimensional Resistivity Tomography Technology with the Variable Electrode Distance Using Integrated Electromagnetic Method System
Authors: Wang Jun Lu , Lin Pin Rong , Li Dang , Li Jian Hua , Xu Bao Li
Published: June 2014

The three-dimensional resistivity tomography technology with the variable electrode distance which has been applied on the multi-metal exploration can get good results. The three-dimensional observation system can be a one-time set when using the integrated electromagnetic method system. Then the three-dimensional resistivity information of the surveyed area can be measured by high-power measurement with a series of different power supply electrode distance. This technology has the advantages of abundant information, high production efficiency, and it has practical value for the multi-metal mineral exploration.
Progress and Prospects for Shale Gas Exploration and Development in China
Authors: Li Hai Peng , Jiang Zai Xing
Published: June 2014

Shale gas, which has been demonstrated as a rediscovered resource that might largely alleviate the increasing pressure for fuel demand, has been under extensive exploration and development in China. However, there are too few commercial shale gas plays discovered up to now due to several reasons, including the complex geologic setting, lack of mature pipeline infrastructure, etc. A detailed review of the current situation of exploration and development for shale gas in China is offered and suggestions concerning future exploration and development are made.
Shale Oil Resources Classification Evaluation of Hetaoyuan Formation, Biyang Depression
Authors: Cao Qun , Li Ji Jun , Lu Shuang Fang
Published: June 2014

Effective mud shale system of Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Depression was divided base on geological and exploratory conditions. According to the relationship between TOC and oiliness, the classification evaluation criteria was identified to reflect the shale oil accumulation degree. Using ΔlogR method to identify organic carbon and oiliness, and the loss part of the oil was recovery corrected. According to the mechanism of generation-expulsion, the criteria of movable oil was identified. Using volume method, the total and movable oil resources were calculated. The results show that effective mud shale system is found mainly in the deep depression; shale oil resources is divided into three grades: enriched resources, low efficient resources, scattered resources; logging method can be used to identify organic carbon and oiliness; it is necessary to correct light and weight hydrocarbon. The total systematic resources is 894 million tons to 945 million tons, the total movable resources is 246 million tons to 237 million tons, the Upper Member of Eh3 resources have a higher degree of enrichment than the other two. Movable resources accounts for more than 25 percent of the total, and more than 90 percent of movable resources is attributed to Class I resources.
Essential Model for Oil and Gas Trap Evaluation
Authors: Chen Guo Min , Liu Quan Wen
Published: June 2014

With the further and high level of hydrocarbon exploration and development in China even around the world, the hydrocarbon exploration tend to be the fine and comprehensive exploration and targets are mainly plays or traps, the structural trap, is the mainly exploration targets, will gradually give way to the alternative exploration objects, the litho-stratigraphic traps, which are more subtle and competitive. Therefore, the new trap evaluation theory model needed to be work out to speed up the hydrocarbon exploration. According to the characteristics of the hydrocarbon traps exploration at present stage, this paper deeply analyzes the trap evaluation contents and characteristics, on the basis of combination with the qualitative and quantitative comprehensive research of trap evaluation parameters, the essential evaluation model is corresponding to traps is established finally.
Application of Forest Management Decision Support Program MOTTI in Conditions of the Republic of Karelia (Russia)
Authors: Sukhanov Yuri , Lukashevich Victor , Sokolov Anton , Pekkoev Alexey
Published: June 2014

The forestry specialists should be acquainted with modern information technologies and should be able to use modern software tools for solving various problems of forest industry. One of such modern software tools is the program MOTTI, which supports the solving of forest planning tasks at stand-level. The article presents the results of the adaptation of the MOTTI program to the conditions of Republic of Karelia, as well as the experience of its implementation for educational purposes.
Poplar Wood Stain Research
Authors: Shen De Jun , Jiang Wei Qiao
Published: June 2014

With the high quality natural forest resources dwindling , since some species of wood with natural colors, such as pumping wood , ebony, rosewood , etc., not only material of high value , but also very expensive wood color . However, these are expensive and precious wood in short supply and will therefore valuable timber and wood stain to meet the market demand is similar . Low-quality hardwood stained only bright color, texture clear , three-dimensional sense of strong, but without losing the characteristics of natural wood , and organize production according to market demand the formation of industrialized products in order to improve the utilization of low-quality wood , decorative building materials to increase the existing varieties purposes. Therefore, the use of poplar simulate the market needed precious wood has important practical significance . In addition, light color white poplar wood , in the natural growth process still exists heartwood and sapwood and sooner or later material defects such as chromatic aberration , especially wood treatment is not promptly will result in discoloration, the direct use of the logs are often unable to meet the requirements of decoration . Therefore . The thicker sheet dyed precious poplar wood color , and then prepared to meet the customer poplar wood timber strength and decorative requirements, improve the added value of the use of wood , particularly after dyeing material available performance has been greatly improved.
The Control Technique of Rubber Borers by Pheromone Traps in Hainan
Authors: Lu Hui , Lu Fu Ping , Xu Xue Lian , Chen Qing
Published: June 2014

The rubber borers, called of the bark beetles, is the most important pest of the rubber trees in the world. The effect of the pheromone releasing measure, a kind of ecological control method, was investigated over 2 years in Nanbao Farm, Lingao county, Hainan, China. The pheromone used was (s)-(+)-Ipsidenol, a commercially available rubber borers aggregation pheromone. There were 6 treatments, including 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m and 100m distance. Pheromone lures were changed monthly at which time the traps were moved to a different location within the stand. There were no significant differences in 30m distance catches of the rubber borers per traps. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in plant damage between the pheromone treatment of 2.5 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL traps. The results also showed that the relationship between the mean number of the rubber borers per 5 days and average temperature was not significant.
Coke on Zn/Hβ Catalyst in Ethanol to Propylene
Authors: Qu Wen Ting , Bai Ting , Wang Feng , Liu Xi Ling , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2014

Coke on Zn/Hβ catalyst in ethanol to propylene was studied in continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. The physicochemical properties of these fresh and used catalysts were characterized by NH3-TPD, N2 isothermal adsorption-desorption and TPO. These results showed that the medium and strong acid sites might be responsible for the production of coke and coke mainly deposited on external surface and microporous mouth. In addition, the coke might be consisted of soft coke and hard coke.
Preparation and Application of J-F Profile Control Agent
Authors: Xu Zhan Shuang
Published: June 2014

In Liaohe oilfield Xing 28 block before and during the alkali/polymer binary compound flooding process, there are heterogeneity contradictions on vertical and plane formation. In order to solve this contradiction, improve the utilization rate of oil displacement agent, J - F profile control agent was developed successfully, the profile control agent is not restricted by formation pH value and gel time, of good resistance to flushing, temperature tolerance and salt resistance. Through the field test, using J-F profile control agent the injection profile changed significantly and the injection pressure increased, a remarkable economic benefits and social benefits are gained.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Constrained Chemical Engineering Optimization
Authors: Yang Jian Chun , Long Wen
Published: June 2014

An improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed for solving constrained numerical and engineering optimization problems in this paper. In proposed algorithm, an initialization strategy based on the opposition learning is applied to diversity the initial particles in the search space. Self-adaptive inertia weight is introduced to balance the ability of exploration and exploitation. Diversity mutation strategy is employed for best of particles to introduce diversity in the swarm space. Simulation results and comparisons with other algorithms using two benchmark constrained test functions and chemical engineering optimization problem are provided.
Structural Features Controls of Coalbed Methane (CBM) Accumulation in the Weibei CBM Field, Southeastern Ordos Basin
Authors: Bai Ya Dong , Yan Tao Tao , Wu Jian Guo , Luo Yong
Published: June 2014

Based on the structural interpretation of seismic data, we analyzed the gas controlling effects of folds and faults on CBM accumulation qualitatively. Meanwhile, we discussed the lateral sealing ability of the major overthrust faults quantificationally by bringing in “Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR)”, which is proved to be applicable in analyzing the gas controlling effects of faults. The results of the theoretical analysis show that overthrust faults have better sealing effects than normal faults, and synclines are more conducive to CBM accumulation than anticlines. The SGR computed results show a high consistency with the distribution characteristics of the CBM gas content. In all, the folds have little controlling on CBM accumulation, and the faults play a major role in the gas controlling on CBM accumulation in the Weibei CBM field.
Technological Study of Titanium Slag Production from Titanium-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Ma Guang Qiang , Cheng Ming
Published: June 2014

Titanium-bearing blast furnace slag in which TiO2 content reaches to 20%~23% is a kind of precious secondary resource. The research utilizes the stable characteristic of TiO2 in hydrochloric acid to digest acid-soluble matters in slag. Titanium-bearing slag is obtained after solid-liquid separation process. The optimum acidolysis reaction condition can be known through analysis of raw material granularity, acid-slag ratio, reaction temperature and effect caused by reaction time on TiO2 content in slag. XRD image analysis can prove that the chemical compounds of Al、Mg、Fe are totally acid-thinned and TiO2 content in slag reaches to above 40%. This technology provides a valuable new way for the comprehensive utilization of titanium-bearing Slag.
The Effect of Temperature on the Leaching of Malachite in Phosphoric Acid Solution
Authors: Ji Cui Cui , Wu Dan Dan , Wen Shu Ming , Deng Jiu Shuai
Published: June 2014

In this study, the effect of leaching of malachite was investigated using phosphoric acid solution as leaching agent. The effect of temperature on the leaching of malachite was investigated. The leaching rate increased with increasing solution temperature, and a kinetic model was developed to represent this relationship. The leaching was controlled by the shrinking core model for surface chemical reaction. The activation energy of the leaching process was determined to be 30.65kJ/mol.
Study on Process of Wolframite and Calcium Carbonate Synthesizing Scheelite
Authors: Wan Lin Sheng , Chen Yong Ming , Zhao Li Fu , Li Hong Chao
Published: June 2014

The process of wolframite and calcium carbonate synthesizing scheelite by calcining was studied, investigates the calcium carbonate dosage,calcination temperature and calcination time in a systematic way on the influence of transforming wolframite into scheelite. The experimental results show that when the calcium carbonate dosage is 1.6 times of the theoretical amount, calcination temperature is 800°C, 2h for calcination time, wolframite can be synthesiszed into scheelite completely.
The Power Supply System of the Microwave Assisted Rock Breaking Technology
Authors: Wei Zhen , Wang Zong Gang
Published: June 2014

This paper introduced a kind of power supply system which is used for the microwave assisted rock breaking technology. And the power supply system includes power supply part, power transmission part and electric control part. And the power supply system can satisfy the need of the microwave assisted rock breaking system.
Theoretical Analysis and Simulation of Microwave Drill for Rock
Authors: Wang Zong Gang , Wei Zhen
Published: June 2014

The paper analyzed the process of the microwave drill for rock, and established the theoretical analysis model and the system equations. And through the numerical simulation, the electric field intensity and the temperature of the top of the microwave generator increased with the increase of the depth that the conductor was inserted, and the thermal runaway effect was strengthened. So the microwave assisted rock breaking scheme with microwave near field energy and thermal runaway effect is feasible.
Experimental Study on Propagation Characteristics of Gas Explosion Shock Wave while Pipe Turning
Authors: Fu Yuan , Wang Ji Ren , Jia Bao Shan
Published: June 2014

Coal mine gas disaster has the characteristic of destructive and complexity, in connection with the frequently of coal mine gas disaster, the paper studied on the propagation of gas explosion shock wave while pipe cross-sectional area changing from the experimental angle, designed the test system, the data of shock wave pressure when the pipe turning angle more or less than 90 degree was given, analyzed two situations: one was to analysis the influence of initial shock pressure effect on the attenuation coefficient under determination of pipeline turning angle; another was to analysis the influence of pipe turning angles effect on the attenuation coefficient under determination of initial shock wave overpressure, pointed out that the shock wave initial pressure and pipe turning angles were the two important factors which affect the shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient. By comparison, the initial shock pressure had the larger influence. At last, the shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient diversification formula was given when pipe turning angles was more or less than 90 degree.
Research on Integration of Mining and Reclamation of Opencast Mining Area in Hulun Buir Grassland
Authors: Guo Wen Bin , Liu Zhang Rong , Wei Jin Fa , Tong Jing Bo , Tian Shu Juan
Published: June 2014

Environment arround the vast Hulun Buir Grassland is susceptible to mining production, especially coal mining often leads to ecological structure and function damage of mining area or causes the ecological system to change in the direction that is not conducive to the survival of mankind. However, the grassland vegetation restoration engineering, whoes practice needs urgent theoretical guidance, is necessary to be systematically included in mining engineering. In order to prepare for further research on grassland restoration of mining area, this paper systematically analysised the damage on grassland due to mining, as well as the dependence on grassland of sustainable development of Hulun Buir regional economic, and explained that grassland ecological restoration is the economic ecological engineering that closely connects to regional social development.
Research Status and Prospects of the Explosion Stress Wave Disturbance Effect of Underground Caverns
Authors: Sun Bing , Guo Shan Shan , Zeng Sheng , Zheng Xu Tao
Published: June 2014

With the plenty of exploitation and application of underground space, the security of underground cavern under the explosive stress wave become the problem that urgent need to be solved. This article give a comprehensive description for the explosion stress wave disturbance effect of underground caverns from three aspects, (1) summarize the current research of the blasting load characteristics and its disturbance effect of the anchored caverns from theoretical research, experimental study and numerical simulation, etc.; (2) state the research status and achievements of rock bolt in anchored cavern under explosive stress waves; (3) according to the present problems of the research for explosion stress wave disturbance effect of underground caverns put forward that adopting multi parameters analysis method, utilizing the numerical simulation technology, the disturbance effect research of anchored caverns, which will be the future development direction.
Study on Technology of Mechanized Mining in Extremely Thin Coal Seam
Authors: Li Wei Guang , Li Chao , Chen Ke Li
Published: June 2014

The reserve proportion of thin coal seam in Sichuan Province is as high as 60%, of which the extremely thin coal seam mines with the coal thickness less than 0.6m take up 34.3% in the total number of Sichuan coal mines. Exploiting the extremely thin seam called Xiayuantan in Laoyingyan Coalmine confronts so many problems, such as small working space in coalface, difficulty in transporting, high labor intensity, poor production, and low stoping efficiency. Aiming at these problems, this paper puts forward the conventionally-mechanized coal winning technology, investigates the selection, matching, organization and management of equipment in mechanized mining face. Moreover, it demonstrates the rationality of associated equipment selection, that is, MG100-TP off-pan shearer is suitable for exploiting the extremely thin coal seam mechanically. There are less workers in the mechanized mining face, the raw coal production and the stoping efficiency have been enhanced, the roof condition of workface has been improved,serious injury and any other more serious accidents have been completely eradicated. The technology obtains remarkable economic effects and safety benefits.
Support Scheme Optimization of Large-Section and Soft-Rock Roadway in Tunlan Mine
Authors: Hou Yun Bing , Gao Zhen Liang , Yu Hui , Liu Ang , Zhang Wen Ke
Published: June 2014

The haulage roadway of Face 12501 of Tunlan mine was a large-section and soft-rock roadway, and its deformation was very large, so the original support system could not satisfy the support demands. Three optimization schemes were proposed according to the geological conditions of the roadway, and the schemes were simulated by FLAC3D. The results showed that reducing the row & line space was not a good way to improve the supporting effect, however, it would effectively reduce the maximum stress of surrounding rocks and control the development of plastic zones by using long bolts instead of anchor cables, the maximum stress was reduced from 16.5MPa to13.9MPa, and the roof’s plastic damage range was reduced from 2.8m to 1.5m. The supporting effect is significant, and it could maintain the roadway’s stability effectively.
Application Research of Fuzzy Mathematics to the Surface Movement Deformation Prediction
Authors: Feng Shao Jie , Zhao Xue Fang , Lv Ji
Published: June 2014

In this paper,based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, established prediction function model about the surface movement deformation caused by underground mining. On the basis of the measured data of a large number of engineering, determined the fuzzy measure expression. The function model is applied to a surface movement deformation prediction in the mines, combine with the Matlab, implement the surface movement deformation’s 3D visualization. The results of prediction was coincident with the test data, illustrated that the function model has certain validity and practicability. The method provided an exploration for the reserch of Surface Movement Deformation Prediction method.
The Effects of YSZ-Al2O3 Addition on Hydroxyapatite Fabricted by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Liyana Mohd Rosli Nur , Adzali Nur Maizatul Shima , Zamzuri Mohd Zain Mohamad , Ismail K.A. , Azadi Mat Akhir Khalid
Published: June 2014

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) becomes popular alternative to alumina (Al2O3) especially for hard tissue applications. Both zirconia and alumina own their good biocompatibility due to chemical inertness in body environment. Considering the bioactive of hydroxyapatite (HAP) will allow interfacial bond formation, it is desirable to combine the advantages of both materials, YSZ and Al2O3with HAP. Various amounts (30, 40, 50, 60 wt. % of YSZ-Al2O3)/10HAP of composites have been prepared by powder metallurgy method. Several tests have been conducted to determine the effect YSZ addition on physical, mechanical properties and the microstructure of composites. The results showed that density and compressive strength increased with increasing wt. % of YSZ. Microstructural characterization has been observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the presence of pores reduced slightly in increasing of wt. % of YSZ. The prepared YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP composite is expected as a potential candidate for biomedical application.
Relationship between Precursor Gas Flow Rate with the Structural and Morphology Properties of Diamond like Carbon Films
Authors: Kit Ong Wai , bin Deraman Karim , Wan Shamsuri Wan Nurulhuda , Keng Yik Jackie Chen
Published: June 2014

Diamond like carbon (DLC) thin films were grown onto glass substrates by using direct current plasma enhance chemical vapour deposition (DC-PECVD) system. Films were deposited under fixed deposition pressure (4 x 10-1 Torr), substrate temperature (500°C) and deposition time (3 hours) but with different flow rate of precursor gas (methane, hydrogen and argon). The fabricated films were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD has revealed that the DLC films were having amorphous phase as the XRD spectrum did not show any obvious sharp peak. From AFM, it was discovered that the precursor gas flow rate has inversely relationship with the grain size and surface roughness of films.
Rigid-Plastic Finite Element Simulation of Cold Forging and Sheet Metal Forming by Eulerian Meshing Method
Authors: Cheong Wen Chiet , Kam Heng Keong , Wang Chan Chin , Lim Ying Pio
Published: June 2014

A computational technique of rigid-plastic finite element method by using the Eulerian meshing method was developed to deal with large deformation problem in metal forming by replacing the conventional way of applying complicated remeshing schemes when using the Lagrange’s elements. During metal forming process, a workpiece normally undergoes large deformation and causes severe distortion of elements in finite element analysis. The distorted element may lead to instability in numerical calculation and divergence of non-linear solution in finite element analysis. With Eulerian elements, the initial elements are generated to fix into a specified analytical region with particles implanted as markers to form the body of a workpiece. The particles are allowed to flow between the elements after each deformation step to show the deforming pattern of material. Four types of cold forging and sheet metal clinching were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the presented method. The proposed method is found to be effective by comparing the results on dimension of the final product, material flow behaviour and punch load versus stroke obtained from simulation and experiment.
Kinetic and Isotherm Adsorption Studies of Methylene Blue on Sulfuric Acid Treated Spent Grated Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
Authors: Khalid Khadijah , Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat
Published: June 2014

A new biosorbent, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) treated spent grated coconut (Cocus nucifera) (SSGC) showed a good ability to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium time was achieved within 300 min for all MB concentrations, and the kinetic data was best modeled by pseudo second-order. The adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer coverage of MB over a homogeneous adsorbent surface. The experimental maximum adsorption capacity was 366.50 mg/g, obtained at 318 K, adsorbent dosage of 0.6 g/L and at pH 6. The attachment of MB on SSGC was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Properties of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Prepared by Different Methods
Authors: Natasha Ahmad Nawawi , Singh Ramesh , Bin Abd Shukor Mohd Hamdi , Young Tan Chou , Purbolaksono Judha , Sopyan Iis , Toulouei Ranna
Published: June 2014

Hydroxapatite (HA) is a stable phase with low dissolution rate in body fluid. Meanwhile, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is rather soluble but the dissolution rate is too fast for bone bonding. Therefore a mixture of both is desirable to control the bioresorbability. In this work, calcium phosphate powder has been synthesized via sol gel and wet precipitation method to compare phase behaviour of these powders upon calcination. XRD result clearly revealed that both as-synthesized powders were pure HA with good purity. The decomposition of HA to TCP took place in the range of 700-800 °C and 800-900 °C for sol gel and wet chemical precipitation powder, respectively. The weight loss detected at 700-850°C in TGA analysis confirmed the presence of this biphasic mixtures.From FTIR analysis, profound change in OH-band intensity was attributed to the increased in HA crystallinity with calcination temperature.
Solvent Extraction of Light Rare Earth Ions Using D2EHPA from Nitric Acid and Sulphuric Acid Solutions
Authors: Khaironie Mohamed Takip , Masturah Markom , Meor Sulaiman Meor Yusoff , Nazaratul Ashifa Salim
Published: June 2014

A study on solvent extraction of a mixture of light rare earths ions (La (III), Nd (III) and Ce (IV)) from nitric and sulphuric acid solutions with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in kerosene as an extractant has been carried out. The influences of D2EHPA and acid concentrations on the extraction efficiency of rare earth metal ions were evaluated. It was found that the extraction percentage of La, Nd and Ce decreased as the acids concentrations increased. On the contrary, the extraction efficiency of these ions increased as D2EHPA concentration increased. The utmost extraction percentage of La, Nd and Ce (99.4%, 99.7% and 100% respectively) was extracted from 0.1 M HNO3using 1.0 M D2EHPA. The order of extraction ability of the studied rare earth elements by D2EHPA decreased in the series of Ce (IV)>Nd (III)>La (III).
Enhancement of the Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) by Utilizing Silver Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Hydrothermally-Treated Titania (TiO2) Photoanode
Authors: Camacho Daniel Angelo C. , Daulo Jenrry T.
Published: June 2014

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been long used as a photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) for its high photoreductive capability. One approach towards increasing the performance of TiO2 is to load silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) unto the substrate. In this study, hydrothermal treatment of as-received TiO2 anatase was utilized to fabricate nanostructures that could increase the overall efficiency of DSSC. This hydrothermally-treated TiO2 was loaded with Ag NP via the photodegration of silver nitrate (AgNO3). Characterization of Ag-loaded TiO2 (Ag-TiO2), done using Raman Spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), reveal the anatase characteristic of the samples after hydrothermal treatment, as well as the crystalline structure transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic. Furthermore, upon application of the produced TiO2 samples in DSSC, photovoltaic characteristics were obtained. There was an increase in the current density of all of the Ag-TiO2 samples as compared to the untreated TiO2 sample. The DSSC produced using 0.20 Ag-TiO2 ratio exhibited the highest conversion efficiency, resulting to more than 3000% increase in conversion efficiency from the untreated TiO2 sample.
Effects of Complexing Agent Concentration and Bath pH on Electroless Nickel Deposition for Tungsten Carbide Powders
Authors: Rattanawaleedirojn Pranee , Saengkiettiyut Kanokwan , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant , Chuankrerkkul Nutthita , Saenapitak Sawalee
Published: June 2014

An elemental nickel (Ni) or cobalt (Co) is typically introduced to tungsten carbide (WC) prior to powder injection moulding process (PIM) for hard metal fabrication to enhance toughness and tool life. Mixing of powders is normally practiced, although it requires a long processing time for homogeneous mixing. In this study, as an alternative method, an addition of Ni via the electroless deposition method is investigated. The key process parameters, including the concentration of the complexing agent, namely sodium citrate, and bath pH, are systematically examined in relation to deposition rate and deposits size, microstructure, and chemical compositions. As the bath pH is increased to higher alkalinity of 10 and the Ni ion to complexing agent mole ratio is controlled under 1:1, a stable electroless nickel solution and a relatively high deposition rate with about 15% weight gain for 1 hour deposition duration are achieved. The phosphorus (P) content, obtained in the range of 5-9 wt%, is largely influenced by the bath pH. While a rapid deposition rate is associated with preferentially deposition of Ni on pre-deposited Ni sites, a low to moderately high deposition rate results in more uniform incorporation of Ni-P alloys in WC powder mixture.
Formation of Expanded Austenite Using Hybrid Low Temperature Thermochemical Heat Treatment on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Adenan Mohd Shahriman , Berhan M.N. , Haruman Esa
Published: June 2014

Surface modification on 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was performed by low temperature thermochemical hybrid (nitrocarburizing) heat treatment at temperature of 450° C and at holding time of 30 hours. During the process, carbon and nitrogen elements were simultaneously introduced onto the surface of DSS with composition of 5%CH4 + 25% NH3 + 70% N2. Microstructural observations reveal the formation of thick diffusional hybrid layer on the surface of 2205 DSS with very high hardness at cross sectional area. Both carbon and nitrogen diffusions formed expanded austenite (γN/C) and expanded ferrite (αC), however precipitation of nitride (Cr2N) which also occurred at the layer may deteriorate the corrosion resistance of 2205 DSS. Further investigation is required based on the parameters used in the process to produced precipitation free hybrid layer.