bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internalization of DMSA-Coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles into Mouse Macrophage Cells
Authors: Liu Ying Xun , Chen Zhong Ping , Wang Jin Ke
Published: February 2012

This study observed the internalization of Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with meso-2, -3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid (DMSA) into mouse macrophage RAW264.7 by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Prussian blue staining. The results showed that the DMSA-coated Fe3O4MNPs could be efficiently internalized into RAW264.7 cells. The internalized DMSA-coated Fe3O4MNPs located in the cytoplasmic inclusions. The internalization of DMSA-coated Fe3O4MNPs did not significantly affect the cell viability at given doses (20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 μg/mL) and incubation times (2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), suggesting DMSA-coated Fe3O4MNPs had better biocompatibility. This study demonstrated that DMSA-coated Fe3O4MNPs may provide a potential nanomaterial for biomedical applications.
Bm Lignin Structure and Chemical Compositional Characteristics of Switchgrass
Authors: Yan Jin Hua , Xu Hui Xia , Li Yan , Li Xiang Hua
Published: February 2012

Switchgrass contains high content of cellulose which is suitable to enzymetically hydrolyze to glucose, and is a good potential biomass for biofuel production. The paper studied a kind (Alamo, CA993,CA992,Kanlow) switchgrass ball milled lignin structure using 13C NMR and 31P NMR. Both NMR lignin spectrums showed little difference of this switchgrass. Its extractive-free compositional components were also analyzed like acid insoluble lignin, acid soluble lignin, ash and carbohydrates separately. Its acid insoluble and soluble lignin contents were close to each other in the range of 21% and 2.5% respectively. Their carbohydrates are made mainly up of glucose and xylose, which fractions are around 52% to 40% based on the whole carbohydrates.
Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations and Leaf Accumulation in Four Subtropical Plant Species from South China
Authors: Su Zhi Yao , Ou Yu Duan , Li Yan Ming , Zhou Yi
Published: February 2012

Four common subtropical understory sun plants from South China,i.e.,Euodia lepta(Spreng.)Merr. (EL),Ilex asprellaChamp. (IA),Mussaenda pubescensAit.f. (MP), andRhodomyrtus tomentosa(Ait.) Hassk. (RT), were sampled and determined for leaf Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations, with an aim to investigate geographic variations in leaf heavy metal concentrations and phytoaccumulation. Significant differences were found among the 4 sampling sites for soil pH and heavy metal concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb, with higher acidity in the 3 sampling sites from the Pearl River Delta industrial area. However, leaf pH did not vary significantly among the geographic populations of El and MP. For leaf heavy metal concentrations, significant variations were observed among the geographic populations of El for Cd; IA for Zn, Cd, and Pb; MP for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd; RT for Zn and Pb. The mean Biological Accumulation Coefficients (BACs) of IA for Zn, Cd, and Pb were as high as 10.38 for Zn, 18.29 for Cd, and 1.76 for Pb, respectively. Coefficient of Variation (CV) of BACs for heavy metals among different geographic populations of each species ranged from 41.99~221.83%, indicating high geographic variability in phytoaccumulation of heavy metals, and their accumulation capacity declined with the increase of soil heavy metal concentrations. This study revealed that some particular populations of IA can serve as potential hyperaccumulators for Zn and Cd, while those of MP and RT as hyperaccumulators for Pb, and the toxicity and safety of RT and IA should be further studied and assessed.
Comparing the Influence of Two Different Natural Organic Matter Types on Colloid Deposition in Saturated Porous Medium
Authors: Yang Xin Yao , Deng Shi Huai , Chen Fang Min , Flynn Raymond , von der Kammer Frank , Hofmann Thilo
Published: February 2012

Humic acid and protein are two major organic matter types encountered in natural and polluted environment, respectively. This study employed Triple Pulse Experiments (TPEs) to investigate and compare the influence of Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) (model humic acid) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (model protein) on colloid deposition in a column packed with saturated iron oxide-coated quartz sand. Study results suggest that adsorbed SRHA may inhibit colloid deposition by occupying colloid sites on the porous medium. Conversely, BSA may promote colloid deposition by a ‘filter ripening’ mechanism. This study provides insight to understand the complex behavior of colloids in organic matter-presented aquifers and sand filters.
Study of Device via Combined Filler for Ship Sewage Treatment
Authors: Chen Zhi Li , Chen Guan Chun , Xiong Kai Sheng , Wang Wen Biao , Gu Wei Ping , Zhang Wan Tu
Published: February 2012

Based on the development of elastic flexible filler, a new device for ship sewage treatment which utilizes the new elastic flexible filler was designed. The Main factors influencing the disposal efficiency of the device were researched and analyzed, using an Simulative ship sewage as raw wastewater. The experimental results reflected that the biofilm grew faster under the condition that the surface area of the elastic flexible filler was larger. The relationships among the microorganism growth period, characteristics of elastic flexible filler, biofilm thickness and characteristics of ship sewage were presented. Other factors which influenced the disposal effect were also discussed. The results showed that the device had excellent performance because of effective elastic flexible filler and integrative design.
Photodegradation of p-Nitrophenol Catalyzed by ZnO/MWCNTs Composite Catalyst in Water
Authors: Li Zhe Qi , Liu Jing Yu
Published: February 2012

Photodegradation ofp-nitrophenol catalyzed by ZnO/MWCNTs composite in water was investigated. The effects of pH, irradiation time, catalyst loading, initial substrate concentration and MWCNTs content on the degradation were investigated. Experiment results revealed that the optimal conditions were ap-nitrophenol concentration of 60.0 mg/L at pH 5.0 with catalyst loading of 10.0 g/L under solar irradiation for the illumination of 180 min. The highest efficiency on photodegradation ofp-nitrophenol can be achieved with an optimal MWCNTs/ZnO mass ratio of 0.16%. Possible decomposing mechanisms were also discussed. The repeatability of photocatalytic activity was tested. The photocatalyst was used ten cycles with degradation efficiency still higher than 95%. The results of the study showed the feasible and potential use of ZnO/MWCNTs composite in degradation of toxic organic pollutants.
Study on Treatment and Reuse of Wastewater from Yunnan Huize Pb-Zn Ore Flotation
Authors: Chen Xiu Zhi , Sun Chun Bao , Yang Hai Rui , Sun Chuan Yao
Published: February 2012

In this paper, treatment and reuse of wastewater generated from Pb-Zn sulfide Ore flotation with butyl xanthate and amino dithiophosphate as collectors were studied respectively. The impact of directly reused wastewater on galena flotation was investigated. The results indicate that lower recovery was achieved when the wastewater was directly reused in the process of galena flotation whereas 90% of recovery was achieved as the wastewater was treated by ozone, activated carbon and resins before reusing.
Dynamic Characteristics of High Speed Vehicle Passing over Railway Turnout on Bridge
Authors: Chen Rong , Ping Wang
Published: February 2012

Based on principle of vehicle-track-bridge dynamic interaction, a dynamic simulation model of a high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) passing over turnout on bridge was established. The calculation focused on 200km/h No.12 improved ballasted turnout (60kg/m rail) being laid on 3×32.0m simply supported beam, it analyze dynamic characteristics of a freight train with 25t axle load passing at speed of 120km/h and those of CRH1 EMUs passing at speed of 200km/h. Results show that: when the freight train passes the turnout through the main line, the vertical stiffness of the simply supported beams is not sufficient due to the relatively high speed and large axle load; when the EMUs passes the turnout on bridge, the dynamic deflection change rates of girders at the switch and frog are great and the turnout is not appropriately set on the bridge, so the frog crosses over the beam gap, which results in the increasing of track irregularity and finally causes derailment coefficient of vehicle to overrun to reduce the running safety; when a train passes the turnout zone on bridge, interaction between the vehicle and turnout is significant because of load fluctuation of the wheel caused by inevitable structural irregularity at the switch and nose rail, and this requires strengthening measurement and running within speed limit.
Comparison Study of Engine Mounts
Authors: Yan Wen Bing , Wang Jie , Jiang Shao Zhong
Published: February 2012

Engine mounts are used to isolate the influence of the engine’s vibration on the frame and the body. Both rubber isolator and wire-net isolator are applied as engine mounts. In order to make comparison of their vibration characters correctly, theory of vibration was used to construct a six-degree freedom dynamic model of an engine mount system. Tests were also made on their vibration severity. Calculation and test showed that the dynamic model was correct and feasible. Test was further made on the vibration transfer efficiency of wire-net isolator. The wire-net isolator has better characteristics than that of the rubber isolator. The results have reference value in engine’s further design.
Intelligent Multi-Objective Optimization for High Strength Sheet Metal Forming Process of Body Part
Authors: An Zhi Guo , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2012

In high strength sheet metal forming process of body part, crack, wrinkle and severe thinning are the main faults usually. The degree of the faults varies with the change of input process parameters. Optimization for sheet metal forming process of body part is often considered as a multi-objective problem. Design of experiment method and genetic algorithm are often combined together to cope with this multi-objective optimization problem. High strength steel sheet metal forming process is relatively complex and difficult. An intelligent multi-objective optimization strategy for high strength sheet metal forming process was suggested based on genetic algorithm. Latin Hypercube Sampling method was introduced to design the rational experimental samples; the objective function was defined based on crack factor, wrinkle factor and severe thinning factor; the accurate response surface model for sheet metal forming problem was built; Multi-objective genetic algorithm was adopted in optimization and Pareto solution was selected. The strategy was applied to analyze a rocher. The result has proved this strategy suitable for optimization design of sheet metal forming process .
The Research of Formation Characters and Bit Optimization of Basalt in Niudong Block of Malang Sag
Authors: Wu Hui Mei , Lou Yi Shan , Li Zhong Hui , Zhu Liang , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2012

The main lithology of the formation under Permian in Malang sag is basalt, with the characteristic of strong abrasive and low drillability the ROP (rate of penetration) is low. This paper based on drillability experiment of the core from oilfield, established rock drillability model, computed the drillability grade of cone bit and PDC bits, optimized the bit combined with the bit structural features, the result indicates that in the basalt formation under Permian with low ROP the ROP enhanced more than 50% using the recommended bit, the research improved ROP drastically, shorten the drilling cycle, which attained the aim of excellent and fast drilling, and has an important instruction meaning for bit optimization of basalt formation.
Characteristics of Circulating Fluidized Bed Evaporator with Vapor-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Flow
Authors: Song Ji Tian , Chi Jun , Zhang Han Fei , Liu Zhen Ying
Published: February 2012

In this paper, pumpkin juice concentrations were carried out using a three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of this evaporation process were investigated and parametric studies were conducted to identify the governing parameters in the process. It was found that compared with two-phase evaporation process, addition of inert particles improved the heat transfer efficiency by 35% and also inhibit forming and clean fouls during the pumpkin juice concentration. A correlation equation of boiling heat transfer coefficient was established for the three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator. This research work improves the understanding of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator and benefit to its wider application in foodstuff field.
Synthesis, Photochromism and Fluorescence of a Novel Diarylethene Having Thiazole Unit
Authors: Li Hui , Pu Shou Zhi , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: February 2012

A new unsymmetrical isomeric diarylethene was synthesized, namely 1-(2,4-dimethyl-5-thiazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5- (3-methoxyphenyl)-3-thienyl] perﬂuorocyclopentene (1o). Its photochromic reactivity both in solution and in PMMA film, photoconversion ratio at photostationary state, and fluorescence were investigated in detail. The compound displayed excellent photochromism both in solution and in PMMA film. The isomeric compound also functioned as a ﬂuorescence switch and concentration dependence on the fluorescence spectrum in hexane.
Contact Simulation and Analysis on Planetary Gear of Megawatt Wind Turbines Yawing Reducer
Authors: E Jia Qiang , Dong Jiang Dong , Liu Guan Lin
Published: February 2012

.According to the operation condition of megawatt wind turbines yawing reducer, an assembly model of megawatt wind turbines yawing reducer is established, and aiming at different load conditions, the tooth surface of three teeth planetary gear model is analysised with using finite element analysis software-ANSYS ,including three-dimensional nonlinear contact analysis and structural finite element analysis which simulates contact stress of engagement pairs during the operation process of planetary gear. The results indicated that when the torque is M1=100N·m, the maximum stress on the engagement pairs is 177.584MPa; when the torque is and M2=300N·m, the maximum stress on the engagement pairs is 329.607MPa, which were less than the yield limit of planetary gear materials, but it can meet the design and operation requirements of planetary gear of megawatt wind turbines yawing reducer.
Application of Lodrigues Matrix in Coordinate Transformation of Similar Material Simulation Experiment
Authors: Wang Guo , Cui Xi Min , Yuan De Bao , Qiu Ya Hui , Yang Jin Lin , Guan Xiao Guo
Published: February 2012

In the two-dimensional experiment of similar material simulation, three-dimensional coordinate data obtained by total station should be conversed to the coordinate system which is concerned in the experiment.When using bursa-wolf model to converse coordinate,the three rotation parameters should be linearized,which will affect the accuracy of coordinate conversion if the three rotation parameters are big.In this paper,it is researched that using an antisymmetric matrix which is consist of three separate parameters to substitute for the three rotation parameters,and then the lodrigues matrix is composed from the antisymmetric matrix. Conversion results showed that: By introducing of lodrigues matrix, not only the algorithm becomes simple but also the coordinate transformation precision is improved.
Castor Capsule Sheller Key Component Design and Experimental Research
Authors: Cao Yu Hua , Guo Xiao Yan
Published: February 2012

This study developed by double rollers castor capsule their shell machine key components out the design and mechanics analysis. Builds force and deformation of the mathematical model: when castor capsule in force, and rollers deformation enables delta R, two of the gap between rollers and rolling Angle, castor capsule diameter and rubber roller diameter relevant, using mathematical software MATLAB) calculations. The positive pressure P size with rolling Angle, castor capsule diameter and rubber roller diameter, clearance changes. As the rollers speed increase, castor capsule stripping net rate present first increases, and fell trend; And present first decline and damage rate rise. With two rollers gap increase, castor capsule stripping net rate and the damage rate decreases, conversely, as the two rollers clearance decreased, castor capsule stripping net rate and the damage rate increase.
The Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis on Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Heat Pump Cycle
Authors: Zong Lu Xiang , Liu Jian Lin , Shi Xue , Xie Ying Bai
Published: February 2012

The (H)CFC-phase out and the fear for future problems for other synthetic working fluids, because of their known and unknown impact on the environment, have introduced a rising interest in environmentally safe natural working fluids. CO2is one of the few non-toxic and non-flammable working fluids that do not contribute to ozone depletion or global warming, if leaked to the atmosphere. Because the critical temperature of CO2is only 31.1°C, the transcritical cycle can be used to improve the coefficient of performance of the system. The experimental investigation and theoretical analysis on transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system are carried out in this paper. It points out that there is an optimum operational pressure on transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump cycle, when the outlet temperature of gas cooler is constant, the coefficient of performance increases with increasing evaporating temperature at the same conditions, and the operational efficiency increased with decrease of gas cooler exit temperature. So in order to obtain the optimum performance, the influence of evaporating temperature, gas cooler exit temperature, and the operational pressure should be considered during the designing and operating transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system.
Synthesis, Properties and Application in Optical Memory of a New Photochromic Diarylethene Based on a Chlorine Atom
Authors: Tong Zhi Peng , Liu Gang , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: February 2012

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazol)-2-[2-methyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl) -3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1a) has been synthesized. Its photochromic properties in solution and PMMA film were investigated. Diarylethene 1a changed the color from colorless to red upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 515 nm in hexane and at 526 nm in PMMA film, The results demonstrated that it can be potentially used as polarization holographic optical recording medium.
The Quenching Characteristics of Gas Deflagration Flame in Narrow Channel
Authors: Wen Xiao Ping , Ma Ming , Sun Wen Ce , Liu Zhi Chao
Published: February 2012

In order to obtain fire retardant mechanism of gas deflagration flame in narrow channel, a numerical simulation adopting PISO algorithm and self-adapted grids was presented based on the single-step irreversible chemical reaction and the combustion model of EBU-Arrhenius. The numerical dates are well compatible with experimental results and indicate that the initial flame velocity and gap of channel are directly responsible for the quenching distance. And the smaller the flame velocity or gap of channel, the shorter the quenching distance, which means simpler to quench gas deflagration flame.
Research on Melting and Solidification Process of Phase Change Storage Energy Materials
Authors: Qiu Lin , Tan Zhi , Yan Min
Published: February 2012

Investigate a melting and solidification of heat storage and release which used in building retaining structure, material of storage energy and phase change. In the process of phase change, liquid phase is used as two ways of heat exchange: pure heat conduction and natural convection, and we exploit CFD software to carry out numerical simulation. To compare and analyze under melt and solidification, the proportion of solid and liquid, the time of phase change, the interface of phase change and motion temperature image of liquid-region. To probe into the effect of natural convection under the heat transfer from phase change and the impact of regulation of by heating and cooling conditions, and it verified by experiments.
The Speed Coefficient Method Based Nuclear Main Pump Design and CFD Analysis
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Qiang , Zhao Peng Fei
Published: February 2012

Nuclear main pumps are one of the most important devices in nuclear plants. Hence hydraulic performances of the nuclear main pump are important. Compared with the traditional speed coefficient method, a revised speed coefficient method is employed to design a nuclear main pump, which is based on the extension chart of the traditional speed coefficient chart. Meanwhile numerical simulations are carried out to examine performances of the designed pump. Results show that performances of the designed pump meet specifications. Clearance leakage causes decrease in head and efficiency of the pump (about 4%). This work provides useful information for the study of nuclear main pumps.
Study on Effect of Hydrogen Environment on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Retaining Ring in Hydrogen-Cooled Generator
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tian Song Feng , Fang Lin Tie , Ma Dong Dong
Published: February 2012

In hydrogen-cooled generator, the quality of hydrogen environment directly affects generator’s operating especially the retaining ring. In order to research the relationship between the hydrogen environment and stress corrosion of material, the metallographic analysis is held for retired retaining ring of a power plant. There were intergranular and transcrystalline cracks, similar with hydrogen embrittlement. Designed generating system of occurrence for wet hydrogen, hydrogen charging is operated to retaining ring material used in tensile test, and then observed fracture by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that fracture was including cleavage, dimple and secondary crack caused by hydrogen-induced lagging plastic deformation.
Efficient Synthesis of a New Unsymmetrical Photochromic Diarylethene for Optical Recording Storage
Authors: Wang Tao Feng , Liu Gang , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: February 2012

A new photochromic diarylethene 1a has been synthesized, and its photochromic, fluorescent and optical recording strorage properties were investigated. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism and clear fluorescent switches both in solution and in PMMA film. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical recording storage character.
Synthesis, Properties and Application in Optical Memory of a Photochromic Diarylethene Bearing Pyridine Unit
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Gang , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: February 2012

A new photochromic diarylethene compound, 1-(2-methyl-3-benzothiophene)-2- [2-methyl-5-(2-pyridine)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1a) was synthesized. its photochromic and fluorescent properties have been investigated in detail. It showed good photochromism both in solution and PMMA amorphous film upon photoirradiation. Its fluorescence properties in the solution also were reaearched.
Influence of Chemical Modification of Activated Carbon Surface on Performance of Supercapacitors
Authors: Deng Mei Gen , Wang Ren Qing
Published: February 2012

In order to improve capacitance in supercapacitors application, activated carbon (AC) was modified by nitric acid oxidizing treatment. Oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFG) were detected by using FTIR techniques. Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge were used to characterize the electrochemical performance of the samples in 6 mol/L KOH solution. FTIR studies showed that chemical modification promoted the formation of OCFG on the surface of AC. It was found that the contribution rate of pseudo-capacitance to the total capacitance increased significantly with the extent of oxidization treatment. When oxidized by 50% HNO3, AC achieved a specific capacitance of 197.26F/g at a current density of 20mA/cm2 corresponding to an increasing rate up to 20%.
Modeling the Glass Transition Temperature of Polymers via Multipole Moments Using Support Vector Regression
Authors: Pei J.F. , Cai C.Z. , Zhu X.J. , Wang G.L. , Yan B.
Published: February 2012

. This study introduces support vector regression (SVR) approach to model the relationship between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and multipole moments for polymers. SVR was trained and tested via 60 samples by using two quantum chemical descriptors including the molecular traceless quadrupole moment and the molecular average hexadecapole moment Φ. The prediction performance of SVR was compared with that of reported quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) model. The results show that the mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of training samples and test samples achieved by SVR model, are smaller than those achieved by the QSPR model, respectively. This investigation reveals that SVR-based modeling is a practically useful tool in prediction of the glass transition temperature of polymers.
Study on the Isolation of High-Quality DNA and RNA from Aloe
Authors: Zhang Yong Si , Li Jun , Liu Xiao Hong
Published: February 2012

. Aloe, an important folk herbal drug, includes abundant polysaccharides and secondary metabolites which bringing about the difficulty of isolating high-quality DNA or RNA. In this paper, one and two improved methods were used to isolate the genomic DNA and RNA from the leaf of Aloe, respectively. The obtained samples presented good quality and integrality, and thus, they could be further used for many downstream molecular experiments. This reported protocols on extraction of DNA and RNA offered a valuable reference for other related studies.
Study on Properties of Corn Starch-Based Fat Mimics
Authors: Li Xue Qin , Chen Ying
Published: February 2012

Corn starch was partially hydrolyzed by treating the starch dispersions with heat stable a-amylase. Dextrose equivalent (DE) value of 2.5–6.5 was achieved by hydrolyzing the starch samples (30 % w/w) at 95 °C. The hydrolyzed starch granules with different DE values were analyzed by textural analyzer and rheometer. The results showed that the corn starch-based fat mimics with the concentration of 30 % and DE value of 3.5 could form relatively firmer gel. The corn starch-based fat mimics with DE value of 3.5 were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the hydrolysis of corn starch-based fat mimics mainly occurred in the amorphous region. The scanning electron micrographs showed that the size of the fat mimics was about 5µm. and the DMA analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the fat mimics decreased 5 °C than the original corn starch, which suggested that the corn starch-based fat mimics had the similar storage stability as the original corn starch.
Electrochemical Degradation Pathway of Phenol on Ti/SnO2 Anode
Authors: Liu Jun Feng , Cui Bai Yan , Feng Yu Jie
Published: February 2012

The electrochemical degradation pathway of phenol, as model organic pollutant, was investigated on antimony doped tin dioxide electrode based on titanium anode (Ti/SnO2). Many intermediates of electrochemical degradation of phenol on Ti/SnO2 were identified and quantified by HPLC. These intermediates were assured as aromatic ring-compounds (hydroquinone, catechol, benzoquinone, et al) and short chain fatty acids (maleic acid, fumaric acid, formic acid, cis muconic acid and 2-oxoglutaric acid, et al). Electrochemical degradation tests were conducted with some intermediates as substrates, including the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, acrylic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, and 2-oxaglutaric acid, et al. The degradation pathway of phenol on Ti/SnO2 anode was concluded. It is proven that the pathway relates to the element composition on the electrode surface. These findings demonstrate electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants mechanism and help to practical use of catalytic anodes materials.
Electrical Conducting Properties of Unsaturated Polyester/Graphite Nanosheet Composite under Electric Field
Authors: Zhang Hong Yan , Wang Hai Quan , Wang Lin Tong , Feng Yi Min
Published: February 2012

Unsaturated polyester resin/Graphite nanosheet composites were prepared using in situ polymerization under AC electric field which was applied during composite curing to induce orientation of graphite nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been applied to demonstrate the orientation of graphite nanosheets As a result, the percolation threshold was decreased to 0.25 wt% due to the orientation of the graphite nanosheets.
Structure Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester/Graphite Nanosheet Composite under Electric Field
Authors: Zhang Hong Yan , Wang Hai Quan , Wang Su Qing
Published: February 2012

As conductive fillers, graphite nanosheets can be induced by the AC electric field in unsaturated polyester resin and then prepared oriented unsaturated polyester resin/graphite nanosheets composite. we investigate the preparation、configuration and capability of the unsaturated resin/graphite nanosheets conductive composites and the oriented theory of the graphite nanosheets induced in the electric field. The measures and observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electric current have shown that the graphite nanosheets are oriented by electric field which were randomly dispersed in the polymer matrix at the beginning, and then oriented with their flakes along the electric field in the polyester resin.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Pyrazole Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Li Dong Feng , Wang Yun , Yang Guo Cheng , Ma Xin Rong , Han Shuang , Song Rong Guang , Xie Zhi Yuan
Published: February 2012

In order to explore high strength organic electrotransporting electroluminescent (EL) materials, twelve new pyrazole oxadiazole compounds containing the benzothiazole or benzene group in the 1 position of pyrazole, the aromatic group in the 3 position of pyrazole and the formacyl group in the 4 position of pyrazole were designed and synthesized. A new method of synthesizing 1,3,4-oxadiazole compound was described. Their structures were characterized by IR, MS, 1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The fluorescence properties were measured by fluorometry. The results showed that the target compounds had good fluorescence and λem ranged from 410nm to 450 nm and fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.69.
Study on Mechanism of Molybdenum Concentrate Roasting
Authors: Wang Lian Yong , Dong Jin Ling , Cai Jiu Ju
Published: February 2012

Thermo gravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the thermo-gravimetric behavior and the exothermicity of molybdenum concentrate roasting. Roasting reaction mechanism of molybdenum concentrate was concluded with the double extrapolated method. Data processing and fitting was constructed with the integral methods of Costs-Redfern and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and roasting reaction kinetic parameters were proposed. The results showed that roasting reaction process of weight loss was divided into four stages, namely preheated drying stage, diffusion stage, rapid reaction stage and deep oxidation stage respectively. The heat released from the oxidation reaction mostly concentrated in the rapid reaction stage, the main product of this stage was MoO2, and the activation energy was 227.7kJ/mol. The main product of deep oxidation stage was MoO3. When the temperature was about 600°C, the formation rate of MoO3 was maximum, less heat released at this stage and the activation energy was 163.2kJ/mol.
Synthesis and Properties of Copolymer of Gallic Acid and Sulfamic Acid Catalyzing by HRP/ H2O2
Authors: Lv Sheng Hua , Hou Ming Ming , Lai Shui Li
Published: February 2012

A phenolic copolymer (GASA) was synthesized from gallic acid (GA) and sulfamic acid (SAA) using horseradish peroxides (HRP)/H2O2 as catalyst. The effect of the main factors on yield of the copolymer was discussed. The results showed that the maximum yield of copolymer was obtained when molar ratios of GA and SAA was 1:1 in the presence of 5 mg HRP at 35 °C for 5.5 h. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by FTIR and NMR. The mechanism of polymerization of GASA was pointed out. The phenolic copolymer was used as tannage and retannage to making leather, the results showed that the copolymers has excellent tanning and retanning properties. The Ts of tanned leather reached 75°C and the retanning leather exhibited good service performance and mechanical strength.
Study of Reactive Precipitation in Vortex Impinging Streams Reactor
Authors: Li You Feng , Ye Hong Qi , He Xian Da , Liu Hui
Published: February 2012

The vortex impinging streams technology (VIS) has good micromixing in the precipitation processes. The experiments were loaded with two reactants, BaCl2and Na2SO4, using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as complexing agent, to prepare BaSO4 in the vortex impinging streams reactor at Re=2500, comparing with those in the stirred tank reactor (STR). The products were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and FTIR. The results indicate barium sulfate superfine particles are crystallized in the orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a=7.156 Å, b=8.881 Å, and c=5.454 Å. The size of the ellipsoidal particles from VIS is about 386 nm, with narrower distribution and finer dispersity than that from STR. The specific surface area of the particles from VIS is 29.25 m2/g, comparing to 11.95 m2/g from STR. The infrared spectra decades the surface of the prepared BaSO4absorbs the functional group of EDTA.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Three Europium Complexes with Phenanthroline Derivatives and β-Diketonates
Authors: Yang Chao Long , Luo Jian Xin , Liang Li Yan , Lu Man Geng
Published: February 2012

Three novel Eu-complexes based on phenanthroline derivatives as second ligands have been synthesized and characterized by element analysis, 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis, and PL. The luminescence spectra presented characteristic emission lines of Eu3+ ion. The results of luminescence spectra indicated that the Eu3+ ion occupied only a single site, and the ligand filed surrounding the Eu3+ ion was highly polarizable. Meanwhile, all complexes exhibited relative high luminescence quantum efficiency (η). Among these Eu-complexes, the complex Eu (DBM)3HPIP exhibited the lowest quantum efficiency due to the presence of O-H oscillators in this complex, the result indicated different phenanthroline derivatives as second ligands can significantly influence the luminescence properties of Eu-complexes.
Tm3+/Yb3+ Codoped YAG Glass-Ceramic Formed in Silicate Glass System
Authors: Zhang Xiang Ling , Zhang Jie , Shen Quan , Lin Hai
Published: February 2012

Based on the analysis of glass formation region of Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass system, the glass composition 5Li2O-18Y2O3-29Al2O3-48SiO2 (LYAS) in mol% central in the glass formation region of Y-Al-Si glass system was chosen for present work. The Tm3+ and Yb3+ were introduced as activators in LYAS glass. The glass samples were prepared by the high-temperature solid-state melting and then the derived YAG glass-ceramic was obtained by heat-treating the precursor glass. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results indicate that the lattice constant of the obtained glass-ceramic is consistent with the pure YAG phase. The primary crystallite size is calculated to be 46nm and the crystal grains grow with excellent orientation (444) in the internal network. The secondary particle size is estimated to be ~8μm and the large grain size is owing to the particles aggregation. The crystal grains distributed uniformly in the glass matrix, and consistent well with the XRD analysis results.
Composition of Hydrogenated Vacuum Gas Oil Analysis by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sardar Razwan Muhammad , Yang Yi , Du Shi Juan , Wei Yun , Xue Li Min , Guo Ying , Zhang Zhao Bin , Wang Guo Qing
Published: February 2012

Many attempts are made to obtain the composition of vacuum gas oil (VGO) but the molecular composition of hydrogenated vacuum gas oil (HVGO) has not been studied in detail. HVGO is used as a feed in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) to produce more environmentally friendly gasoline. This paper reports the presence of linear alkyl cyclohexanes (LACHs) in HVGO. Some LACHs were found in HVGO distillates of boiling point range of 370°C-550°C. Complete molecular composition was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). HVGO contains LACHs from C7to C32andn-paraffins from C5to C38. Open chain hydrocarbons are the major constituents of all the six samples of HVGO. Aromatic compounds were also identified but their concentration was very low. Sulfur contents were about 0.26% by weight percentage (wt).The present paper focuses on development of method for qualitative and quantitative determination of LACHs in HVGO samples using GC-MS analysis method.
Thermal Stress Influence on Adhesion of Polyurea Protective Coating Base on Substrate Processing System in High-Speed Railway
Authors: Lu Ping , Zhu Li , Zhang Jing , Huang Wei Bo
Published: February 2012

One of the negative factors of thermal is the effect on the adhesion of polymer coating. The high difference of thermal expansion coefficient between epoxy system and substrate is far, so put forward a new substrate system base on polyurethane (QTECH-112 system). To study the thermal change situation, the static strain testing and the substrate system microstrain change situation on low temperature and common temperature were tested respectively, and the mircostrain at the corners of the structure had also been tested. Results showed that both substrate systems had little microstrain in common temperature. But the epoxy system had high shrink strain under the low temperature, and caused the thermal stress, wihch could not be neglected during the concrete ; As a polyurethane elastomer, QTECH-112 system’s, thermal stress reduced by stress relaxation. The boundary of structure had limited on strain, so it should considered on structure design.
Studies the Properties of Polyaspartic Polyurea Coated Concrete under Coaction of Salt Fog and Freeze-Thaw
Authors: Lu Ping , Li Xin Mao , Ma Xue Qiang , Huang Wei Bo
Published: February 2012

. This paper mainly studied the properties of PAE polyurea coated concrete under coactions of salt fog and freeze-thaw. After exposed salt fog conditions for 200d, T3, B2, F2 and TM four coated concrete relative dynamic elastic modulus have small changes, but different coated concrete variation amplitude is different. T3 coated concrete after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycle the relative dynamic elastic modulus began to drop, 200 times freeze-thaw cycle ends, relative dynamic elastic modulus variation is the largest, decrease rate is 95%, TM concrete during 200 times freeze-thaw cycle, relative dynamic elastic modulus almost no change, B2 concrete and F2 concrete the extent of change between coating T3 and TM. After 300 times the freeze-thaw cycle coated concrete didn't appear freeze-thaw damage phenomenon. Four kinds of coating concrete relative dynamic elastic modulus variation by large to small order: T3 coated concrete > B2 coated concrete >F2 coated concrete > TM coated concrete, concrete with the same 200d rule. Frost resistance order, by contrast, TM coated concrete > B2 coated concrete > F2 coated concrete > T3 coated concrete.
Preparation and Investigation on the Adsorption Behavior of Polyethylene Glycol Modified Sodium Alginate Porous Membrane Adsorbent for Cr(III) Ions
Authors: Chen Jian Hua
Published: February 2012

- In this study, sodium alginate based porous membrane adsorbents (GA/SA) were prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as porogen and glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agent. The prepared GA/SA were used to remove Cr (III) ions from wastewater to test its adsorption performance. The proposed technique is very convenient for operation. The batch experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption kinetics of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solution under different conditions, such as the amount of PEG in the GA/SA, pH of solution, initial Cr (III) ions concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time. The GA/SA exhibited the maximum uptake capacity of 57.4 mg/g under the optimal condition. The experiment results show that the adsorption is high pH-dependent. Various kinetic models were applied to examine the mechanism of adsorption processes. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibits the best correlation with experimental data. The kinetic experiment results show that the adsorption of Cr (III) ions is a multistep limited adsorption process. Out of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations, the batch equilibrium data are better described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. The prepared GA/SA could be considered as a potential low-cost and high-effective bio-sorbent for removing and recovering Cr (III) ions from the aqueous solutions.
ICP-AES Determination of 11 Kinds of Elements in High Grade Pipeline Steel
Authors: Liu Yang Qin , Shao Xiaodong , Qu Lu Lu
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a method for simultaneous determination of Si, Mn, P, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb, V, Ti, Cu and Al in high grade pipeline steel by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been proposed. The experiment factors such as the preparation of the sample solution, the selection of the analytical lines for every element and the instrument parameters have been investigated. The method has been approved as a convenient and rapid method with good precision and accuracy.
The Experimental Study of Fennel Oil Separation and Purification Using Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Tang Wei Qiang , Nie Shi Tao , Lv Yang Xiao , Liang Kai Feng
Published: February 2012

The Response Surface Analysis using the BBD (Box-Behnken Design) design (Design Expert, Cabit Information Technology Co., Ltd) was applied in identifying the optimal process parameters for the separation and purification of fennel oil using molecular distillation technology. The experiments were carried out based on single factor analysis (feeding rate, evaporation temperature and film wiping speed). The dependent variable second-order regression equation was obtained. The optimal conditions were identified as: feeding rate = 2 drops/second, evaporation temperature = 50°C and film wiping speed = 215 rpm. The concentration of anisole in the extraction under the optimized condition reached 86.69%.
Fatty Acid-Starch Complex in the Application of Linerboard Surface Treatment
Authors: Yan Jin Hua , Xu Hui Xia , Li Yan
Published: February 2012

A fatty acid-starch complex was prepared to apply in the linerboard surface treatment (sizing). Compared with the raw corn starch and commercial size press cationic starch, the fatty acid-starch complex displayed better water resistance, higher tensile strength and higher bending stiffness of treated samples. Two different fatty acids of C16 like palmitic acid and C18 like stearic acid were compared. Both C16 and C18 fatty acids showed similar results. Small amount of clay addition to the complex could increase the tensile strength and bending stiffness of sized samples, while keeping the good water resistance. PCC also could increase the tensile strength with the small amount of addition to the fatty acid-starch complex as surface sizing agent in our study. The SEM pictures of surface treated samples using the complex with and without clay and PCC were taken and the bonding characteristics and surface film formation were investigated.
Syntheses of a Green Organic Phosphorescence Materials and Studies on their Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: An Lian Ying , Zhang Zheng Guo , Zhao Xian Yin
Published: February 2012

Using the second o-nitro aniline and benzoyl chloride as the initial raw materials, a green light-emitting materials (pbi)2Ir (acac)2 was produced utilizing a new designed synthesis plan. The complex’s structures were characterized by IR, MS, and the differential thermal analysis. The optical Luminescence Properties of the complex was studied by the fluorescence spectrometry analysis. The melt point of the product is 343°C which showed that it had thermal stability.. The fluorescence spectrometry analysis experimental results show that the Excitation and emission peaks of the organic Iridium (Ⅲ) complexes got were respectively 470.6nm and 526.21nm which showed that it belong to green high-brightness light-emitting materials. The oxidation of the intermediate products exposed in air which could cause the quality of product instability was avoided in the new synthesis plan improved.
Fast Microwave Synthesis Lithium Vanadium Phosphate Using Peg as a Novel Carbon Source
Authors: Yan Ji , Tang Zhi Yuan , Ren Hui Xia , Ma Li
Published: February 2012

The Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material is prepared by fast microwave synthesis route using PEG as carbon source. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatically charge/discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD result shows that the material was well crystallized and the structure was indexed as a monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3/C. The electrochemical tests of material exhibit good cycling performance, which delivered a high initial discharge of 125.2 mAh g-1 at 0.2C and the retention of capacity was 92.4% after 50 cycles. From this study, the PEG-based microwave preparation method is regarded as a feasible route for the preparation of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material.
Study on the Accurate Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coal Tar Utilization
Authors: Zhang Chang Ming , Huang Zhang Gen , Zhang Xiao Hang , Huang Dong Mei , Wu Li Ping
Published: February 2012

The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal tar was systematically studied by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in which involved separation, qualitative and quantitative determination of PAHs. The series of key techniques and experiences were summarized. To ensure finely separation of PAHs PAH, using C18 bonding silica gel column, mobile phase of methanol-water, and theoretical plate number of column more than 5600 were needed. For quantitative determination, the external standard (E-X) quantitative method and external standard - response factor (E-F) quantitative method were recommended. For accurately quantitative determine PAHs, the key technologies were recommended including choice of the optimum solvent of samples preparation and optimum concentration and using ultrasonic treatment, etc. In addition, some determination typical coal tars were also given and recommended. .
Effect of Repeated Quenching on the Rotating Bending Strength of SAE52100 Bearing Steel
Authors: Mizobe Koshiro , Santos Edson Costa , Honda Takashi , Koike Hitonobu , Kida Katsuyuki , Shibukawa Takuya
Published: February 2012

Martensitic high carbon high strength SAE 52100 bearing steel is one of the main alloys used for rolling contact applications where high wear resistance are required. Due to its high fatigue strength, SAE 52100 is recently being used not only for the production of bearings but also shafts. Refining of prior austenite grain through repeated quenching is a procedure that can be used to enhance the material’s strength. In this work, the microstructure of repeatedly quenched SAE 52100 steel and its fatigue strength under rotating bending were investigated. It was found that repeated furnace heating and quenching effectively refined the martensitic structure and increased the retained austenite content. Repeated quenching was found to improve the fatigue strength of SAE 52100.