bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of DNMT3A Mutations in Patients with Acute Leukemia in Mashhad
Authors: Bagheri Parisa , Zaker Farhad , Sadeghian Mohammad Hadi , Namjoo Soodeh , Hajebi Khaniki Saeedeh , Chehreghani Zahra , Sheikhi Maryam , Ayatollahi Hossein
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: DNA methyltransferase3A (DNMT3A) is necessary for the adjustment of gene expression, and the mutations in the DNMT3A gene are reported in a variety of leukemia cases. DNMT3A mutations are during cancer progression and cause poor prognosis in many leukemias. Thus, this gene can be a target for new treatments. This study aimed to examine the distribution of DNMT3A mutations in Iranian acute leukemia patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study, diagnostic samples from 45 patients with de novo acute leukemia, including 22 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and 23 acute leukemia lymphoblastic (ALL) patients were screened, from April 2017 to March 2018 for the incidence of DNMT3A mutations by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.
Results: A total of 2 (9.1%) AML cases and 1 (4.34%) ALL cases were found to have the DNMT3A R882H mutation. It was found that a total of 22.7% and 21.7% of patients with AML and ALL had polymorphism rs368516543, respectively. DNMT3A mutations were considerably associated with higher age in AML patients.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that the DNMT3A mutations are probably a new biomarker in the early examination and treatment of acute leukemia, even though further studies are needed.
Effect of Peganum Harmala Seeds Extract on Nitric Oxide in U937 Monocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Rahmati Nima , Hajighasemi Fatemeh
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) has an essential role in inflammation and has been related to pathogenesis and the progress of numerous inflammatory-based diseases, including some cancers. Peganum harmala (P. harmala) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of numerous diseases such as several infections. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala extracts and its derivatives (harmaline and harmine) by suppressing myeloperoxidase, NO, and other mediators have been demonstrated in vivo. In this study, the effect of P. harmala seeds aqueous extract on NO production in U937 monocytic cells and peritoneal macrophages has been evaluated in vitro.
Materials and Methods: U937 and mice peritoneal macrophages were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial institute-1640 with 10% fetal calf serum. Then, the cells at the logarithmic growth phase were incubated with different concentrations of aqueous extract of P. harmala seeds (0.1-1 mg/ml) for 24 hours. Next, NO production was assessed by the Griess method in the culture medium.
Results: P. harmala seeds aqueous extract did not significantly affect lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in U937 cells and peritoneal macrophages after 24 hours incubation time compared with untreated control cells.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala may be mediated through NO-independent mechanism(s). However, further studies are warranted to define the P. harmala aqueous extract impact on NO expression in other related normal and cancerous cells.
The Memory of Defenders of the Fatherland and the Protection of Historical Truth as Constitutional Values
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Voronezh State University LL.D., Associate Professor, Sazonnikova Elena V.
Published: December 2020

The publication was prepared in connection with the adoption in 2020 of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the addition of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 67.1. Based on the current legislation in the field of perpetuating the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland and protecting the historical truth in Russia, the article concludes that the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland and the protection of historical truth are the constitutional values of the Russian Federation. Descendants, unlike contemporaries of events, will be able to learn about the distant past only on the basis of those materials that their predecessors will retain. Realizing this, the Russian Federation committed itself to preserving historical information in undistorted form for posterity.
The Constitutional Status of the President of the Russian Federation in View of the Constitutional Reform in Russia
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Kuban State University LL.D., Professor, Dzidzoev Ruslan M.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the constitutional status of the President of the Russian Federation in the light of the latest constitutional amendments that marked a large-scale constitutional reform in Russia, analyzes the new powers of the head of state in the sphere of formation and functioning of state authorities by comparing the previous and new versions of the Basic law of Russia, common standards of a democratic and legal state. A special place in the article is occupied by the analysis of the relationship between the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, the constitutional formula of the General leadership of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. The study examines the participation of the President in the formation of the Federal Government in relation to the powers of the State Duma. It is noted that the new presidential powers from the position of a mixed (presidential-parliamentary) way of government may seem excessive, but they look natural from the perspective of the presidential form of government in Russia.
Peculiarities of Interaction between Moscow and the Moscow Region on the Example of Border Changes in 2011 to 2012
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Law Disciplines of the Law Faculty of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE), Safin Ilgiz N.
Published: December 2020

Moscow and the Moscow region constitute a single socioeconomic structure where a significant volume of commodity circulation is focused and which unite a large share of the population of the country. The article reviews the issues of interaction between Moscow and the Moscow region as constituent entities of the Russian Federation and constituents of the Moscow capital agglomeration. Special attention in the article is focused on the process of border changes between Moscow and the Moscow region constituent entities of the Russian Federation and expansion of the capital territory in 2011 to 2012, a critical view of the consequences of such changes for the Moscow region is given. Based on the carried out research, the author concludes that Moscow and the Moscow region need effective means of interaction on a parity basis to ensure dynamic, coordinated and mutually beneficial development of both constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
On Redistribution of Powers between Local Self-Government Authorities and Government Authorities of a Constituent Entity of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Shagoyko Evgeniy Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article examines and analyzes the practice of applying the provisions of the Federal Law No. 136-ФЗ of 27.05.2014 “On Amendments to Article 26.3 of the Federal Law “On General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Government Authorities of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law “On general principles of the organization of local government in the Russian Federation” regarding the redistribution of powers between local authorities and state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation; an attempt was made to formulate typical problems as a result of law enforcement in the specified area.
Human Rights Activities of Human Rights Commissioners: Issues and Prospects
Authors:   3rd year Student of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Gulyaev Dmitriy E.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the problems that are currently being actively discussed by state authorities in the implementation of human rights activities by the Ombudsman in the Russian Federation and ombudsmen in the subject of the Russian Federation. The article contains suggestions for solving the problem of the lack of legal mechanisms for the transfer of powers by ombudsmen to other representatives during inspections of complaints received from citizens of the Russian Federation. The results of the analysis of the legislation of foreign countries are presented, on the basis of which the model of a special official of the Ombudsman suitable for Russia is substantiated, which is designed to increase the effectiveness of human rights activities. It is proposed to establish at the federal level the Institute of Deputy Ombudsman and provide for the possibility of establishing such an institution at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation. Deputies will be elected respectively by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the legislative (representative) bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation and will have legal status similar to ombudsmen. In this regard, it is proposed to amend the current federal legislation. The article also substantiates the position of the need to expand the range of powers of the Ombudsmen in the subjects of the Russian Federation in relation to territorial authorities, the activities of which are controlled by the President of the Russian Federation.
Constitutional Law Bases of Federalism and Characteristics of the UAE Federation
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Gadzhiev Gadzhi D.
Published: December 2020

The article characterizes peculiarities of application of the origins of federative organization of state in the United Arab Emirates combining the traits of monarchical and republican forms of government.
The Peculiarities of the Replacement of a Punishment in the Form of a Fine with a Punishment Alternative to Imprisonment (a Brief Historical and Legal Sketch)
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU) Judge of the Chernyakhovsk Town Court of the Kaliningrad Region, Tkacheva Svetlana V.
Published: December 2020

The article develops a proposal on the possibility of replacing a penalty in the form of a fine with an alternative to imprisonment using the principle of commensurability of replacing a fine with another type of punishment. It is proposed to apply a universal transferable unit equal to one minimum wage, equal to two months of forced labor (or 60 days).
A Paradigm of Standards of Proof
Authors:   Professor of the Ural State Law University (USLU) Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation LL.D., Kurchenko Vyacheslav N.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the standards of proof, the assessment of evidence used by the parties in judicial activity, the admissibility of the assessment of justice as a service.
Lis Pendens and Legal Certainty of Civil Proceedings in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Labor, Environmental Law and Civil Procedure of the Altai State University Doctoral Student of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) PhD (Law), Rekhtina Irina V.
Published: December 2020

The article, based on an analysis of procedural rules and national judicial practice, explores the specifics of the application of the lis pendens rule in the formation of legal certainty in civil proceedings of the Russian Federation. Emphasis is placed on the need to legislate the construction of lis pendens in procedural codes and to expand the application of the lis pendens enforcement mechanism.
El “fast track”: ¿un mecanismo de flexibilización de la Constitución de 1991?
Authors: Durán Smela Diana , Cruz Gutiérrez David
Published: December 2020

Este artículo presenta una lectura sobre el Procedimiento Legislativo Especial para la Paz, conocido popularmente como fast track, y su papel dentro de la transición política colombiana. La lectura enfrenta la interpretación de que el fast track fue un mecanismo poco eficaz para la implementación legislativa del Acuerdo de Paz, e intenta explicar esto a través de dos puntos de análisis. El primero presenta la dificultad de implementar las reformas constitucionales que necesitaba el Acuerdo sin activar el poder constituyente originario, lo cual hizo necesario flexibilizar la Constitución para integrar los pilares del Acuerdo a la Carta Política. El segundo ahonda en el concepto de aporía constitucional, es decir en la dificultad lógica de reformar la Constitución a través de la distinción de competencia entre poder constituyente originario y derivado, y sus consecuencias en la rigidez y flexibilidad de la Constitución.
Luces y sombras del ejercicio del test de sustitución en Colombia
Authors: Ramelli Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Se adelanta un balance general sobre el ejercicio del control de constitucionalidad sobre los denominados “vicios de competencia”, por parte de la Corte Constitucional colombiana, a lo largo de casi dos décadas. En tal sentido, se plantea que, contrario a lo que podría pensarse, la realización del referido control de constitucionalidad no ha inhibido el espíritu reformista del Congreso de la República. Sin embargo, paradójicamente, algunos fallos de la Corte Constitucional, en especial referidos a temas de estructura del Estado (v. gr., administración de justicia), pueden introducir algunas rigideces inconvenientes al Texto Fundamental de 1991. Por último, se pretende demostrar que la realización del test de sustitución resultó ser extremadamente severo en materia de implementación del Acuerdo de Paz, lo cual no deja de ser sorprendente, dado el carácter temporal de estas reformas constitucionales.
Objeciones gubernamentales en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Un análisis de la figura a partir de las objeciones presentadas al Proyecto de Ley Estatutaria de la Administración de Justicia en la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
Authors: Celis Corzo Diego Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Las objeciones gubernamentales han sido una figura constitucional aplicada durante varias décadas en el ordenamiento colombiano. No obstante, a raíz de las objeciones presentadas al Proyecto de Ley Estatutaria de la Administración de Justicia en la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, se pudo vislumbrar algunos problemas jurídicos, tales como el tipo de proyectos que se pueden objetar, las causales de objeción, la modificación del o los artículos objetados, el origen de la discusión y la posible discrepancia entre las cámaras del Congreso de la República, y la cosa juzgada constitucional. Asuntos que, en caso de no tener una hipótesis clara para resolver cada uno de ellos, podrían desembocar en vicios de forma y fondo para la implementación futura de esta figura. En este documento, por tanto, se busca plantear algunas posibles hipótesis, además de otros interrogantes, para los problemas jurídicos enunciados. Para ello, se expone cuál es el panorama de la objeción gubernamental a partir de la Constitución Política de 1991; los antecedentes al Proyecto de Ley Estatutaria de la Administración de Justicia en la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz; y las vicisitudes de índole constitucional procedimental y material de la figura que se vieron reflejados en este trámite.
Equilibrio entre la innovación y el gasto público sanitario. El caso particular de los medicamentos biosimilares
Authors: Noguera Peña Alfonso , Rodríguez Carlos del Castillo
Published: December 2020

Los medicamentos biosimilares vienen siendo comercializados en el territorio regulatorio europeo desde hace trece años. Su comercialización no ha estado exenta de múltiples críticas, especialmente las confusiones en torno a su errónea equiparación con los medicamentos genéricos y las dudas generadas en cuanto a su posibilidad de intercambiabilidad y sustitución. En este trabajo exponemos que, gracias al desarrollo de los medicamentos biosimilares, se introduce competencia en el mercado farmacéutico y se fomenta la innovación en el sector sanitario. Además, dado que los medicamentos biosimilares se distribuyen a unos precios más económicos con respecto a los medicamentos biológicos originales, también facilitan la accesibilidad de los tratamientos a los pacientes y contribuyen a la sostenibilidad de los sistemas sanitarios públicos.
Derechos absolutos y proporcionalidad
Authors: Borowski Martin
Published: December 2020

Ciertos derechos son comúnmente considerados absolutos en sensu stricto. Esto significa que tales derechos no podrían estar sujetos ni a limitaciones ni al análisis de proporcionalidad. De acuerdo con una opinión generalmente aceptada u ortodoxa, se caracteriza como derechos absolutos a derechos tales como los contenidos en los artículos 3 y 4 (1) del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, o los derechos contenidos en los artículos 1, 4 y 5 (1) de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. Voy a plantear, contra esta opinión, que los derechos fundamentales comúnmente considerados absolutos no son absolutos en sensu stricto. Por el contrario, postularé que el análisis de proporcionalidad, normalmente empleado en otros contextos, también puede ser de utilidad aquí. ¿Por qué? El mérito de reconstruir estos derechos en términos del análisis de proporcionalidad radica en la explicación que ella proporciona, a saber, la explicación del porqué estos derechos poseen, para todos los sentidos y propósitos, un estatus “absoluto”. Así pues, el carácter dogmático, por no decir a priori, de los derechos absolutos sensu stricto, nos da un entendimiento de estos derechos en términos de la propia maquinaria conceptual del análisis de proporcionalidad normalmente empleado en otros contextos.
A “exposição” ao novo e o processo de “ser” humano no constitucionalismo contemporâneo: da “Caverna” de Platão ao “Quarto de Jack”
Authors: Siqueira Natercia Sampaio , Cavalcanti Camilla Martins
Published: December 2020

O artigo trata do efeito da “exposição” ao processo de “ser” humano. Parte-se da hipótese de que a exposição ao novo é elementar ao desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo humano, necessário para que as potencialidades de “ser” humano sejam vivenciadas. Utiliza-se da análise tanto da narrativa filosófica, como cinematográfica acerca da exposição: primeiramente, analisa-se o mito da caverna, exposto por Platão em à República; no segundo momento, detém-se na película “O quarto de Jack”. Conclui-se que o “novo” é fundamental à cognição e aos afetos da criança e do adolescente e que deve ser objeto de políticas públicas.
Constitucionalismo: un modelo jurídico para la sociedade global
Authors: Morais Jose Luis Bolzan de , Saraiva Bruno Cozza
Published: December 2020

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Colonial boundaries and the question of the legitimacy of constitutional control over trans border criminality in Africa
Authors: Titanji Ernest Duga
Published: December 2020

Este artigo examina como as fronteiras coloniais arbitrárias ajudam a criar um terreno fértil para o desafio da legitimidade constitucional para lutar contra a criminalidade transfronteiriça em alguns países africanos e como as fronteiras porosas e a solidariedade tribal ou cultural contribuem para a criminalidade transfronteiriça ou transnacional. O artigo explora o papel desempenhado por sucessivas constituições dos novos países africanos, e na formulação de leis e procedimentos para lutar contra a criminalidade transfronteiriça e os desafios que enfrentam ao tentar implementar essas normas constitucionais. O documento examina ainda as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas jurisdições nacionais para processar os autores desses crimes transfronteiriços sem uma colaboração direta e absoluta dos países vizinhos. Ele dá destaque ao aumento de organizações criminosas de um país que operam em outro território nacional com ou sem a cumplicidade do estado anfitrião e a falha do Estado anfitrião em agir ou punir tais organizações criminosas transfronteiriças quando esses atos não são perpetrados dentro de seu território, especialmente quando esses atos não impactam negativamente em suas atividades diárias. O documento também examina os obstáculos inerentes à própria natureza da criminalidade transnacional e aos processos e procedimentos para persecução de tais crimes, como o princípio da dupla incriminação, quando o crime pode não ser um tipo penal em um dos estados em questão. O artigo finalmente examina os mecanismos de cooperação a serem implementados para efetivação das leis criminais nos países vizinhos e abre uma discussão sobre as implicações dos direitos humanos da aplicação de sanções constitucionais e penais a pessoas que não acreditam pertencer a esse Estado e que se considerem vítimas de um acidente colonial, sem o qual não estarão sujeitos à aplicação dessas leis específicas.
Niektóre konsekwencje i niekonsekwencje zmian w zakresie ochrony życia i zdrowia w nowelizacji kodeksu karnego z 13 czerwca 2019 roku
Authors: Kokot Rajnhardt
Published: December 2020

W artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia najistotniejszych zmian, jakie nastąpiły w przepisach chroniących życie i zdrowie człowieka wraz z uchwaleniem 13 czerwca 2019 roku nowelizacji kodeksu karnego. Zwraca uwagę ich dwutorowy charakter. Z jednej strony modyfikacje idą w kierunku obostrzenia na poziomie sankcji odpowiedzialności karnej za niektóre przestępstwa stypizowane w rozdziale XIX kodeksu karnego, w tym za cięższe odmiany zabójstwa, spowodowanie uszczerbku na zdrowiu, nieumyślne spowodowanie śmierci czy udział w bójce lub pobiciu. Z drugiej — nowelizacja wprowadza nowe typy przestępstw, nieznane także wcześniejszym kodyfikacjom rodzimego prawa karnego, jak przyjęcie zlecenia zabójstwa czy spowodowanie śmierci więcej niż jednej osoby, a także odmienną od dotychczasowej formułę odpowiedzialności za przygotowanie zabójstwa. Mając na uwadze zakres tych zmian, omawianą nowelizację uznać należy za najgłębiej ingerującą w stan prawny w zakresie ochrony podstawowych dóbr jednostki pod rządami kodeksu karnego z 1997 roku. Opracowanie zawiera prezentację założeń niektórych spośród przyjętych rozwiązań, analizę zasadności ich wprowadzenia, ocenę ich systemowej spójności, a także analizę następstw, jakie zmiany te mogą pociągać za sobą na płaszczyźnie zwiększenia efektywności zapobiegania i zwalczania przestępczości skierowanej przeciwko życiu i zdrowiu człowieka.
Proceedings Book - IV CBIOS Seminar, 2020
Authors: et Al Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

CBIOS Science Seminar 2020 November 23rd 9:00-9:30 Welcome and Registration 9:30-10:00 Opening L. M. Rodrigues (CBIOS Director) 10:00-10:15 OC1: Sérgio Faloni de Andrade: “The potential of natural products to treat gastrointestinal inflammatory and ulcerative diseases” 10:15-10:30 OC2: Patrícia Rijo: “Abietane Diterpenoids from Plectranthus spp. as a new class of PKC modulators” 10:30-10:45 OC3: Nuno Saraiva: “Effect of TMBIM ion channels in Glioma Progression” 10:45-11:00 OC4: Catarina Pereira Leite: “On the path of innovative nanodelivery systems for cutaneous applications” 11:00-11:15 OC5: João Pedro Gregório: “Health services digitalization: the role of Design Science Methodologies” 11:15-11:30 OC6: Pedro Faísca: “Stereology in grading and prognosis of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors” Flash Oral Communications 11:30-11:35 FP1: Margarida Florindo: “Perfusion, Movement and Adaptive Responses” 11:35-11:40 FP2: Vera Isca: “Royleanone Diterpenoids from Plectranthus spp. as P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors” 11:40-11:45 FP3: Íris Guerreiro: “How can rocket salads stop cancer cells from moving?” 11:45-11:50 FP4: Ana Júlio: “Ionic Liquids: a technological approach to improve the performance of sustained drug delivery systems” 11:50-11:55 FP5: Emília Alves: “Assessment of the impact of kefir consumption on cutaneous health using an induced lesion model” 11:55-12:15 Pause / Posters* 12:15-12:30 Awards and Closing Session
Causes of death in Brazil
Authors: Linares Matheus Ferreira , Paparotto Lopes Silvia Maria , Brasil Moreira Adriana Eliza , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Santos Silva Alan Roger dos , Ajudarte Lopes Márcio
Published: December 2020

Aim: In this study we described the causes of mortality in Brazil, its 5 geographic regions, and in the most populated cities of Sao Paulo State in order to contribute for development of prevention and intervention strategies. Methods: Data on causes of death and age distribution of the populations were collected from online public databases and then submitted to the 2001 World Health Organization age standardization of rates for better assessment. Results: Data showed that the main causes of death in Brazil and in all 5 geographic regions were diseases of the circulatory system. Neoplasms were the second most frequent cause of death in Brazil and in 3 regions (South, Southeast and Midwest). However, in the other 2 regions (North and Northeast) the second most common was associated to external causes, being neoplasms the third most often. Additionally, in the South and Southeast the third cause of deaths were from diseases of the respiratory system and from the external causes occupied the fourth position. Analyzing the most populated cities of Sao Paulo State it was observed that all of them have the same profile of the country. On the other hand, as speculated previously, in Piracicaba city, the most common cause of mortality was neoplasm. Conclusions: These findings showed that Brazil has a large spectrum of causes of death and methods to decrease the mortality rates should be implemented in a local scenario rather than a nation-wide approach, where each location has to focus on its most urging problem.
State Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dugis (Scopus ID: 57201258125) Vinsensio
Published: December 2020

In this edition, Global Strategis specifically presents articles about the experiences of seventeen different countries from various regions in the world, on how their respective governments respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus was on the first six months of 2020 as this period (January to June 2020) is considered a critical moment. It was during this period the world realizes that it is faced with a global health crisis, enforcing every  country to 'fast learning' confronting this completely new pandemic, and hence to determine the most appropriate response in confronting the difficult choice between saving people's lives or preventing the country's economic crisis. Different experiences of each country seem to suggest that above various variables affecting each of them, the initial attitude of their respective governments in assessing the deadly level of COVID-19 pandemic and the speed to act according to what is most needed are crucial factors influencing the relative success or not of the response of their respective governments. When knowing the initial information about the transmission of the virus that originated in Wuhan, China, to what extent the governments of each country see this as a force that potentially deadly outbreak? Keywords: Global Health Crisis, Pandemic Covid-19, State Response.Pada edisi ini, Global Strategis secara khusus menghadirkan tulisan tentang pengalaman tujuh belas negara dari kawasan dunia yang berbeda, bagaimana pemerintah mereka merespons pandemi COVID-19. Fokus kajian pada periode enam bulan pertama tahun 2020 karena periode ini (Januari sampai dengan Juni 2020) dianggap momen kritis. Pada periode inilah dunia mengakui mulai sedang dihadapkan pada situasi krisis kesehatan global, memaksa setiap negara ‘belajar cepat’ menghadapi pandemi yang sama sekali baru ini, untuk selanjutnya secara tepat pula menentukan respons yang paling sesuai menghadapi pilihan sulit antara menyelamatkan nyawa penduduk atau mencegah krisis ekonomi negara. Pengalaman berbeda dari berbagai negara nampaknya membawa ke suatu kesimpulan bahwa di atas kompleksitas variabel yang masing-masing memengaruhi pilihan kebijakan, nampaknya sikap awal pemerintah di dalam menilai tingkat ‘mematikan’ wabah COVID-19 serta kecepatan bertindak atas dasar kebutuhan masing-masing menjadi faktor krusial menentukan keberhasilan masing-masing negara. Ketika mengetahui informasi awal tentang adanya penularan virus yang bermula dari Wuhan, China ini, sejauh mana pemerintah masing-masing negara melihat ini sebagai kekuatan yang berpotensi sebagai wabah mematikan? Kata-kata Kunci: Krisis Kesehatan Global, Pandemi COVID-19, Respon Negara.
Deliberate Negligence: Bolsonaro and Brazil’s Failure in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santoso Yohanes William
Published: December 2020

Brasil merupakan negara dengan kasus positif COVID-19 tertinggi kedua di dunia, setelah Amerika Serikat. Kasus penularan dan kematian yang tinggi membuat Brasil dapat dikatakan gagal dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh dalam kegagalan upaya Brasil merespon pandemi ini. Salah satunya adalah karena adanya informasi dan instruksi yang berbeda antara Presiden Bolsonaro dengan gubernur-gubernurnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respon Brasil dalam mengatasi pandemi COVID-19 dari rentang waktu sejak kasus pertama pada bulan Februari hingga bulan Juli 2020, serta menjelaskan alasan kegagalan tersebut. Argumen utama penulis adalah kegagalan Brasil disebabkan oleh adanya gejolak dalam politik domestik Brasil, dan kondisi sosial ekonomi di Brasil. Gejolak politik domestik tersebut dibagi menjadi dua yaitu gejolak di tingkat nasional: antara Presiden Bolsonaro dan menteri kesehatannya; dan gejolak di tingkat lokal: antara Presiden Bolsonaro dengan para gubernur negara bagian. Dari segi ekonomi, kondisi Brasil yang masih berusaha memulihkan perekonomian membuat pemerintahan Bolsonaro seolah sengaja melalaikan tanggung jawab untuk mengatasi penyebaran COVID-19. Sementara dari segi sosial, ketimpangan yang ada di Brasil membuat masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah-daerah miskin menjadi paling beresiko tertular karena tidak adanya infrastruktur sanitasi yang memadai. Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19, Brasil, Bolsonaro, kelalaian Brazil is a country with the second highest positive cases of COVID-19 in the world, after the United States. The high number of infected and death cases makes Brazil fail to prevent the spread of COVID-19. There are several factors contributed to Brazil's failure to respond the pandemic. One of the reasons is because of the information and differences between President Bolsonaro and his governors. This paper aims to examine Brazil's response in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic from the timeframe from the first case in February to July 2020, and to explain the reasons for this failure. The author’s main argument is that Brazil's failure was caused by the turmoil in domestic politics and the socio-economic conditions in Brazil. Domestic political turmoil is divided into two, namely turmoil at the national level: between President Bolsonaro and his ministers of health; and turmoil at the local level: between President Bolsonaro and state governors. From the economy point of view, Brazil's condition, which is still in recovery, has made the Bolsonaro administration seem to have deliberately neglected its responsibility to contain the spread of COVID-19. Meanwhile, from a social perspective, the existing inequality in Brazil put people living in poorest regions at the highest risk of infection due to the absence of adequate sanitation infrastructure. Keywords: COVID-19, Brazil, Bolsonaro, negligence
Karakterisasi Pasta Gigi Berbahan Abrasif Hidroksiapatit (HAp)
Authors: Gintu Agung Rimayanto , Kristian Elizabeth Betty Elok , Martono Yohanes
Published: December 2020

Tootpaste was a product for dental care to clean, beautify and replace the minerals decay from the dent surface. To prevent the damage of the mineral layers on the surface, added the remineralitation compounds in the formula of the toothpaste. The remineralitation agents commonly add was CaCO3 and CaPO4, during the technological development the calcium compounds added was calcium in nano size like Hydroxyapatite (HAp). In this study produced the contains abrasive HAp and CaCO3 with the mix ratio  CaCO3, 50:50 (HAp:CaCO3) and HAp. The characterization to the toothpaste with CaCO3 abrasive showed the Calcium contains 21,10 ± 0,0577%; dispersibility 936,37 ± 39,42gcm/s; pH 8,3 ± 0,00; and viscosity 25 ± 0,00 P.a. The toothpaste with CaCO3:HAp (50:50) abrasive showed the Calcium contains 27,03 ± 0,0333%; dispersibility 931,93 ± 22,62gcm/s; pH 8,8 ± 0,00; and viscosity 27 ± 0,00 P.a. The toothpaste with HAp abrasive showed the Calcium contains 27,67 ± 0,0882%; dispersibility 987,33 ± 39,50gcm/s; pH 8,9 ± 0,00; and viscosity 27,5 ± 0,00 P.a. The contamination of microbiology did not found in all of the toothpastes along the storage. Based on the entire organoleptic test against the toothpastes, the formula of toothpaste with the mix of CaCO3:HAp was les liked.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Carbon Nanotube (CNt) dari Arang Kayu Jati serta Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Bahan Aktif Antibakteri
Authors: Gintu Agung Rimayanto , Puspita Dhanang
Published: December 2020

Carbone Nanotube (CNt) was one of antibacterial compound synthesized from carbon pr activated carbon. In this study threated the synthesis of CNt from teak charcoal used strong acid and sonication. The rendement of CNt synthesis showed potential result 37,6555±0,8038%. The characterization to the CNt showed density 1,0145±0,0037g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 1,06±0,0245P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,00002g/mol. Threated the metal ionic doped to the CNt solution used Ag, Cu, Fe(II), Fe(III). Mg and Zn to increase the stabilitation and interaction. The characterization of CNt-Ag showed density 1,0072±0,0055g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,66±0,0400P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,00004g/mol. The characterization of CNt-Cu showed density 1,0086±0,0040g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,56±0,0400P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,00003g/mol. The characterization of CNt-Fe(II) showed density 1,0060±0,0013g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,76±0,0400P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,000001g/mol. The characterization of CNt-Fe(III) showed density 1,0159±0,0042g/cc; Absolyte Viscosity 0,82±0,0200P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,00003g/mol. Characterization of CNt-Mg showed density 0,9970±0,0008g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,64±0,0400P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,000005g/mol. Characterization of CNt-Zn showed density 1,0013±0,0013g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,60±0,0447P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,000005g/mol. Threated the mix to the CNt by another antibacterial compounds like Hydroxyapatite (HAp), Chitosan and Nano Chitosan. From the characterization of CNt-HAp obtained density 1,0008±0,0010g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,60±0,0316P.a; Molecule weight 0,0007±0,000007g/mol. Characterization CNt-Chitosan obtained density 0,9992±0,0019g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,42±0,0200P.a; Molecule weight 0,4343±0,0207g/mol. Characterization CNt-Nano Chitosan obtained density 1,0084±0,0002g/cc; Absolute Viscosity 0,50±0,0316P.a; Molecule weight 0,5170±0,3270g/mol. The results of antibacterial activity measurements against E.coli bacteries showed that all of the threatment to the chars produced the antibacterial activity in middle to strong range.
Severe preeclampsia leads to higher prevalence of mortality and morbidity affecting maternal outcomes in single tertiary hospital
Authors: Tsabitah Khonsa’ , Wicaksono Budi , Handayani Samsriyaningsih
Published: December 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the maternal outcomes of severe preeclampsia at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya in January 2013-December 2014.Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design to observe maternal characteristics and maternal outcomesof severe preeclampsia. Data were retrieved from medical records of severe preeclampsia patients admitted to Obstetric Ward of Dr Soetomo Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2014. This study used total sampling for collecting its data. These data were proccessed descriptively and presented in graphic, tables, and short description.Results: From January 2013 to December 2014 there were 386 (44.2%) cases of severe preeclampsia that were included in this study from a total of 874 cases available. The maternal outcomes of severe preeclampsia consisted of 42 cases (10.9%) of HELLP syndrome, 36 cases (9.3%) of pulmonary edema, 225 cases (58.3%) of sectio caesarea, 7 cases(1.8%) of antepartum bleeding with 5 cases (1.3%) of placenta previa and 2 cases (0.5%) of solutio placenta, 2 cases (0.5%) of postpartum bleeding, 8 cases (2.1%) of eclampsia, 31 cases (8%) of impending eclampsia, 5 cases (1.3%) of acute kidney injury, and 2 cases (0.5%) of maternal death.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that severe pre-eclampsia patients have high prevalence of mortality and morbidities that affects maternal outcomes. It also reccommends that all patients with severe preeclampsia need to receive intensive maternal and fetal care. It is necessary to do careful complication examination, prevention of seizures using magnesium sulfate, and continous fetal and maternal monitoring.
Pengaruh injeksi nikotin terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, dan integritas membran spermatozoa mencit (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Pramudita Kautsar Pandu , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita , Susilowati Suheni , Ratnani Hermin , Safitri Erma , Luqman Epy Muhammad
Published: December 2020

The process of spermatogenesis is sensitive to nicotine, a main component of cigarette smoke. This study aimed to observe the effect of nicotine injection on motility, viability, and membrane integrity of the spermatozoa of mice (Mus musculus). The mice were 10 weeks old, weighing about 20 grams, and in healthy and fertile conditions. Mice were adapted for 1 week by being given feed in the form of pellets and drinking water every day. Twenty of the mice were divided into four groups. Group K as a control was injected with 0.9% NaCl at 2.5 mg/Kg bw. Group P1 was injected with nicotine at 2.5 mg/Kg bw. P2 was injected with nicotine at 5 mg/Kg bw. Group P3 was injected with nicotine at 10 mg/Kg bw. The injection was carried out subcutaneously as much as 0.5 ml once a day for 35 days. Data analysis used the Analysis of Variances (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the viability, motility, and membrane integrity of the spermatozoa decreased significantly (p <0.05) according to the increase in the dose of nicotine injected. It could be concluded that subcutaneous nicotine injection linearly decreased the motility, viability, and membrane integrity of the spermatozoa of mice.
Growth Response, Production and Analysis of Revenue of Hiyung Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frustescens L) with Dosage Application of Liquid Bokashi Fertilizar (LBF) from Cattle Wate and Rice Straw
Authors: Mahdiati Mahdiati , Biyatmoko Danang
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to (1) analyze the nutrient content of liquid bokashi fertilizer (LBF) derived from cattle waste and rice straw, (2) analyze the effect of liquid bokashi fertilizer dose on plant height, age of first flowering, and the number of fruits in the first harvest, the weight of the first fruit, and the weight of fresh fruit biomass. Analyzing revenue (income versus cost) and the feasibility of planting the Hiyung cayenne pepper by applying LBF at various dosage levels. The method used in this study was a Single Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with data analysis using ANOVA with further testing of Real Differences (LSD). B0 was control (without bokashi). B1 consisted of 125 ml of LBF and water to dilute the solution up to 500 ml. B2 consisted of 250 ml of LBF and water to dilute the solution up to 500 ml. B3 consisted of 375 ml of LBF and 125 ml of water. B4 consisted of 500 ml of LBF. The results showed that the highest growth response (69 cm) occurred with the addition of 125 ml of LBF, while the lowest growth occurred in the control (B0). In the first age, the most optimal flowering occurs in the B2 of 60.00 dap, and lowest in the control (B0) of 50.00 dap. The highest number of fruits was obtained from B2 of 170.00 g, and the lowest was in B0 (control) of 94.00 g. The average weight of the first fruit was found in B2 of 285.00 g, and the lowest in B0 (control) of 126.00 g. The highest weight of plant biomass was found in B2 of 405.00 g, and the lowest was in B0 (control) of 177.75 g. The highest revenue analysis and business feasibility were found in B2, namely Rp. 17.065,00 and the ratio of 4,96. The lowest revenue occurred in Control, which was Rp 5.318,75, with a TR/TC value of 2,28. Based on the revenue analysis, B2 treatment produced the highest revenue and was the most feasible to be applied compared to other treatments.
Towards Ultra-Tough Oxide Glasses with Heterogeneities by Consolidation of Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yanming , Huang Liping , Shi Yunfeng
Published: December 2020

We prepared heterogeneous alumina-silicate glasses by consolidating nanoparticles using molecular dynamics simulations. Consolidated glasses from either low alumina content alumina-silicate glasses or high alumina content alumina-silicate glasses show significantly improved ductility around consolidation pressure of ~3 GPa. The introduced structural heterogeneities, namely over-coordinated network formers and their neighboring oxygen atoms, are identified as plasticity carriers due to their high rearrangement propensity. In addition, consolidated oxide glass from both 23.4Al2O376.6SiO2 and 73.1Al2O326.9SiO2 nanoparticles show improved flow strength (up to 1 GPa) due to the introduction of chemical heterogeneities. Last but not least, apparent hardening behavior appears upon cold work in consolidated glasses, with an increase of yield strength from ~3.3 GPa to ~6.4 GPa. This method is a big advancement toward ultra-strong and ultra-tough glasses by breaking the structure, composition and size limitations in traditional melt-quench process.
Discrete-Time Modeling of High Power Asymmetric Half-Bridge LED Constant-Current Driver Controlled by Digital Current Mode
Authors: Qiao Zhiyong , Wang Shunli , Wang RongHai , Shi Yile , Zhang Nan , Liu Zhigui
Published: December 2020

The high-power Asymmetric half-bridge Converter (AHBC) LED constant current driver controlled by digital current mode is a fourth-order system. Static operating point, parasitic resistance, load characteristics, sampling effect, modulation mode and loop delay will have great influence on its dynamic performance. In this paper, the small-signal pulse transfer function of the driver is established by the discrete-time modeling method for the two operating points corresponding to the three modulation modes of the trailing edge, leading edge and double edge. And, the effects of parasitic parameters, delay effect, sampling effect and load effect are fully considered in modeling. For a large number of complex exponential matrix operations, the first order Taylor formula is used for approximate calculation after the coefficient matrix is obtained by substituting the data. Then, Matlab software is used to compare and analyze the discrete-time model and the discrete-average model. The results show that the proposed discrete-time model can more accurately characterize the resonant peak and high-frequency dynamic characteristics, and is very suitable for the design of high frequency digital controller.
Exemptions of the EU Water Framework Directive Deterioration Ban: Comparing Implementation Approaches in Lower Saxony and the Netherlands
Authors: Starke Jan R. , van Rijswick Marleen H.F.M.W.
Published: December 2020

The sustainable use of precious water resources requires effective water management. In the European Union, water management is mainly regulated by the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), introducing an integrated river basin management approach. As EU directive, the legislation needs to be implemented in the Member States, entailing not only legal transposition, but also application and enforcement in Member States. One major instrument introduced by the Water Framework Directive is the environmental goal achievement obligation of art. 4 WFD, containing also a deterioration ban with several exemptions. This study compares transposition, application and enforcement of the exemption of permanent deterioration (art. 4 (7) WFD) in the context of the environmental goal achievement obligation regime in Lower Saxony (Germany) and the Netherlands. The study rests on a legal analysis of literature, policy documents and jurisprudence. Although based on the same EU directive wording and case law of the European Court of Justice, the deterioration ban and the exemption of permanent deterioration are implemented rather differently: While the deterioration ban is predominantly understood as planning obligation in the Netherlands, it became an important permit requirement in Lower Saxony since the Weser-ruling of the European Court of Justice.
Quantitative Evaluations with 2D Electrical Resistance Tomography in the Low Conductivity Solutions Using 3D Printed Phantoms for Crystallization Process Monitoring
Authors: Rao Guruprasad , Sattar Muhammad Awais , Wajman Radosław , Strumiłło Lidia Jackowska
Published: December 2020

Crystallization is a significant procedure in the manufacturing of many pharmaceutical and solid food products. In-situ Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) is a novel Process Analytical Tool (PAT) to provide a cheap and quick way to test, visualize, and evaluate the progress of crystallization processes. In this work, the spatial accuracy of the non-conductive phantoms in low conductivity solutions was evaluated. Gauss-Newton, Linear Back Projection, and iterative Total Variation reconstruction algorithms were used to compare the phantom reconstructions for tap water, industrial-grade saturated sucrose solution, and demineralized water. Cylindrical phantom measuring 10 mm in diameter and a cross-section area of 1.5 % of the total beaker area was detected at the center of the beaker. Two phantoms with a 10 mm diameter were visualized separately in non-central locations. The quantitative evaluations were done for the phantoms with radii ranging from 10 mm to 50 mm in demineralized water. Multiple factors such as ERT device and sensor development, FEM mesh density and simulations, image reconstruction algorithms, number of iterations, segmentation methods, and morphological image processing methods were discussed and analyzed to achieve spatial accuracy. The development of ERT imaging modality for the purpose of monitoring crystallization in low conductivity solutions was performed satisfactorily.