bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Discrete Trial Teaching Using Picture Book on Spontaneous Speech of Child with Language Delay
Authors: Lee Jeong Hae , Lee Sung Bong
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effect of discrete trial teaching for utilization of picture communication book on spontaneous speech of child with language delay.
This research was performed with a child with language delay for more than one year.
Changing criterion designs was applied to examine the effect of a total of 17 Discrete trial teaching sessions which were split into the five stages on spontaneous speech.
The result showed that the rate of the spontaneous speech at each stages by intervention turned out to exceed changing criteria of each and every stage, which meant that spontaneous speech of child with language delay was improved positively by application of target independent variable to the subject in concern. Limitations of generalization of this study findings were argued and we the need of follow-up study suggested.
Effects of Positive Behavior Support Using Picture Exchange Communication System on Problem Behaviors of the Elementary School Student with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Han Eun Seon , Kim Eun Kyung
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive behavior support(PBS) intervention using Picture Exchange Communication System(PECS) on problem behaviors of the elementary school student with autism spectrum disorder. For the study, a child with autism spectrum disorder was selected and individualized PBS with functional assessment were implemented using multiple treatment design. PECS intervention was conducted with setting events and antecedent events, alternative behaviors, consequences. The baseline and intervention were observed in a special class room during study and break time. Remaining effects were observed two weeks after last intervention. Social validity were measured by 50 people, who work as a special education teacher or special education students at university. The results of this study is as follows. First, the effect of PBS intervention using PECS makes strong decrease of acquisition function behavior and little decrease of evasion function behavior. Second, the effect of PBS intervention using PECS was maintained even after intervention ended. Third, social validity of this research was over average level, makes chance to apply this intervention on public education. The significance of this study is as follows. First, PBS intervention using PECS can be applied reducing problem behavior of an non-verbal elementary school student with severe autism used as a kind of communications. Second, PBS intervention using PECS made significant differences between effective and less effective intervention applied at an elementary school student with autism spectrum disorder who have problem at sensory stimulus.
A Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Research Designs on Individualized Positive Behavior Supports
Authors: Park Eun-Young , Shin Mikyung , Chae Soojung
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate a quantitative analysis of the effects of individualized positive behavior supports by conducting a meta-analysis of studies with single-case research designs. In this manner, a total of 28 articles published in Korean by 2017 were selected and were subsequently analyzed in the current study. For extracting visual data, the GetData Graph Digitizer 2.26 was used. Tau-U values were calculated through a comparison of the intervals. The main results of the study were as follows. First, the size of the intervention and maintenance effect of the individualized positive behavior support was considered to be large. Second, the effect size was large regardless of the elementary, middle, and high school students, and the effect of the intervention was great for all students regardless of the type of disability (e.g., autism, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities). Therefore, in the case of positive behavior supports on decreasing challenging behaviors, there was significantly larger intervention effects which were noted when the researchers solely conducted interventions than were noted with related team-based interventions. Finally, the limitations, suggestions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.
Effects of Speaker Immersion on Increase of Spontaneous Mands and Tact in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: LeePark Hye-Suk , Ahn Hyo-Min , Kim Su-Jeong , Kim Seung-Ju , Lee Yu-Jin , Jang Hye-Jeong , Yu Yeon-Hee
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a Speaker Immersion Procedure on frequency of spontaneous mands and tacts in children with autism spectrum disorders. The study was conducted for 2 girls(4-, 6-year old) and 3 boys (4-, 6-year old) with autism spectrum disorders in a private agency where Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention was provided in a metropolitan city. All of the participants had mands and tact but didn’t show spontaneous mands and tacts. Data were collected in a delayed multiple baseline across participant design. Target behaviors were spontaneous mands and tacts when relevant establishing operations were in place. Intervention was Speaker Immersion during which an intensive mand training was provided with captured or devised establishing operations through a Behavior Chain Interruption Strategies. Relevant establishing operations were manipulated during daily routine such as using bathroom or snack time. The children needed to mand for each step of daily routine in order to complete the routine. For example, the children were required to mand for pulling up pants, using soap, water, paper towel and etc. in order to finish using the bathroom. 6-15 establishing operations were manipulated during one intervention session. During the intervention, the experimenter provided echoic prompts if the children didn’t emit independent mands within 3 to 5 seconds after a relevant establishing operation was in place. The prompted mands were followed immediate reinforcement. Generalizations were tested in other settings such as at a play ground, during art activity or free plays. Spontaneous tacts were also tested to see whether increasing spontaneous mands during daily routine induce increased tacts. The results showed that the intervention procedure were effective in increasing spontaneous and independent mands during training sessions. The results of generalizations and increasing tacts varied across the participants. The results were discussed in terms of the level of verbal capabilities of each participant.
The Effects of Individualized Positive Behavior Support on Challenging Behavior of a Student with Intellectual Disabilities In an Inclusive Elementary School
Authors: Song Min-Young , Lee Yoon-Suk , Seo Young-Hee , Do Koung-Man , Paik Eun-Hee
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of individualized positive behavior support on disturbing behavior(crying, throwing objects, leaving) and compliance behavior between classroom for elementary school student with intellectual disabilities in an inclusive setting. Multiple baseline design across settings was utilized as a research design in this study. Based on the hypothesis of the functional behavioral assessment, individualized positive behavior support was conducted for a student with intellectual disabilities. The results of the study showed that the individualized positive behavior support was effective reducing the off-task behavior and increasing compliance behavior of student with intellectual disabilities in the inclusive elementary school. The results of this study showed that individualized positive behavior support was effective reducing the off-task disturbing behavior of a student with intellectual disabilities in inclusive elementary school.
Effect of Errorless learning versus Systematic fading in the mand and tact training on the speech acquisition for the children with autistic disorder
Authors: Lim Hee-Jung , Hong Joon-Pyo
Published: June 2023

The purposes of this study were to explore what teaching strategy would be more effective in the speech acquisition for children with autism spectrum disorder, and to determine whether learned speech from the mand and tact training would be transferred to other verbal operant conditions. To investigate these research questions, 3 children with autism spectrum disorder participated in this study and alternating treatment designs were used to study the effects of independent variables including errorless learning and Systematic fading on the speech language acquisition. Results indicated that Systematic fading was more effective than Errorless learning for all participants to acquire verbal responses across the mand and tact training settings. Also, all three participants demonstrated skill transition for using target words from the trained verbal operant condition to other non trained verbal operant conditions. Discussion and implications on these findings would be addressed.
The effects of School-wide Positive Behavior Support in special middle school on teachers’ classroom management skill, teacher-efficacy, and the Problem behaviors of students with disabilities
Authors: Lim Sun-young , Choi Ha-young
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of school-wide positive behavior support(SW-PBS) at a special middle school on the teachers' classroom management skills, teacher-efficacy of teachers and problem behaviors of the students. It was also to examine the effects of individual positive behavior support on problem behavior of student who exhibit severe problem behavior. Ten support team members and twelve middle school teachers implemented school-wide positive behavior support. Thirty-six middle school students with disabilities were provided universal positive behavior support, and one student who exhibited severe problem behavior was provided individual positive behavior support. The results of this study showed that the teachers as implementation team who participated in SW-PBS had significantly increased in teachers’ classroom management skills and teacher-efficacy. The number of problem behavior of students who was given universal support was decreased. Also, individual support have resulted in declines in the incedence of problem behavior of targeted student. Based on the results, suggestions for future research were discussed.
A Study on School Adaptive Behavior Changes of Middle School Students At-Risk through the Universal Positive Behavior Support Program in an Alternative School
Authors: Lim Eunsook , Hwang Bogseon
Published: June 2023

The purposes of this study were to investigate the impact of universal positive behavior support program connected with teaching desirable expected behaviors in all school environments on School Adaptive Behavior changes of middle school students at-risk in an alternative school. Two students at-risk in age range from 13 to 14 years who were enrolled in a metropolitan-area alternative school were participated in this study. Utilizing qualitative research method, individual growth documents and teacher interview data were analyzed by extracting and categorizing appropriate contents on School Adaptive Behavior changes. In addition, pretest-posttest data on participants' School Adaptive Behavior scores were compared using a school adaptive behavior scale developed by Lee and Kim(2008). Qualitative and quantitative results of this study indicated that two participants at risk in the alternative school were changed positively their School Adaptive Behaviors(i.e., school study behavior, peer and teacher relationship, school life adjustment) following the implementation of universal positive behavior support programs which were consisted of teaching appropriate behaviors according to expected behaviors, changing the school environment desirably, and proving the reinforcement on students' behaviors. Based on these findings, to promote ideally School Adaptive Behavior changes on middle school students at risk in the alternative school, I discussed educational implications to develop the components of universal positive behavior support program.
A Study on the Prevention and Support Plan for At-risk Students through the Application of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support
Authors: Park Gye-Shin
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to find ways to prevent and support at-risk students at the school level. To this end, the situation of at-risk students was considered, and the status and limitations of the school safety integrated system (Wee Project) were investigated. In addition, the characteristics of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support(SWPBS) and the results of SWPBS for students at risk and students with emotional and behavioral disabilities were reviewed through domestic and foreign papers. As a result of the study, among Korean adolescents, there is a high rate of stress perception, depressive experience, and deliberate self-harm(suicide) among the causes of death. It was found that there were many students in the interest group of the school emotional and behavioral characteristics test, and the ratio of the victims of school violence and victims was high. The School Safety Integration System(Wee Project) was found to have limitations such as insufficient Wee class construction, insufficient professional counselor placement, and so on. SWPBS has been tested and verified in improving academic, social, and behavioral skills of students with emotional and emotional disabilities. In this study, the prevention and support plan for at-risk students through the application of SWPBS were suggested.
A Study on Characteristics and Academic Value of 『Journal of Behavior Analysis and Support(The First Issue-2019)』
Authors: Baek Jongnam , Park Gye-Shin
Published: June 2023

This study analyzed the current status of the publication of 『Journal of Behavior Analysis and Support』from the first issue of 2014 to the December issue of 2019, the utilization and systematic nature of the journals, and the efforts to improve the quality of the journals. The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, the publication performance of the journal has steadily improved since its inception, and the contents and methods of the paper are completely in line with the subject matter of the journal. However, the efforts are required to expand the contribution source in the future. Second, it was found that the accessibility of published papers was high in terms of the usability and systemicity of the journal, and the citation index of the journal and the composition and organization of the journal were good. It will be necessary to consider introducing a standard (JATS) for online publishing of academic papers. Third, efforts to improve the quality of the journals have been actively made in view of the performance of online management systems, strictness of screening procedures, activities to strengthen research ethics, and holding workshops and conferences. However, it is believed that calls for strengthening ethical education and IRB approval for human research activities are needed. This study was meaningful in that it provided effective information on the utilization, system, ethics, and academic values to be pursued as a professional journal, and also provided an opportunity to discuss the future direction of the journal's development.
The Effects of Reinforcer Distribution on Performance and Preference of Children with Intellectual Disabilities According to Different Levels of Task Difficulty
Authors: Chin Dongjoo , Chung Kyong-mee
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of accumulated reinforcement on participants with developmental disabilities has been emphasized over distributed reinforcement, but the generalized effect of accumulated reinforcement is hampered in part by lack of controlling task or participant characteristics. The present study evaluated if the performance of, and preference for distributed and accumulated reinforcement were different between two task difficulties of a visuospatial working memory task. Participants were children with intellectual disabilities who were between 7 and 13 years old. 77 participants conducted four sets of visuospatial working memory task(distributed and accumulated reinforcement in an easy task, distributed and accumulated reinforcement in a difficult task). The performance was evaluated by accuracy rate, response rate per minute, and correct response rate per minute. Preference was evaluated by three-point likert scale and selection ratio between distributed and accumulated reinforcement. The increase of response rate per minute and correct response rate per minute in the accumulated reinforcement was greater than the distributed reinforcement for the difficult task, and there was no difference in preference. Findings in the current study suggest that children with intellectual disabilities performed more efficiently at accumulated reinforcement condition, which is only applicable to difficult task.
A Meta-Analysis of Single-Subject Studies on Social Stories Interventions Focused on Communication Skills for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chae Soojung
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social stories interventions focused on communication skills for individuals with autism spectrum disorder through Tau-U analysis and to determine the quality of studies through WWC(2017) criteria. By searching studies on social stories interventions published in domestic academic journals since 2000, a total of 21 studies were chosen based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The chosen studies were analyzed by major variables and the characteristics of studies were examined. The effect size was examined by obtaining the Tau-U and Cohen's d value. The main results were as follows. First, the effect size of the intervention of social stories focused on communication skills for students with autism spectrum disorder was medium. Second, the effect size for each variable (eg. school levels, gender, interventioner, length of intervention, type of materials) was also medium or above. Last, as the qualitative level analysis, 16% of unconstrained midfoot and 84% of constrained satisfactory results were shown. In addition, some limitations and suggestions for further studies were considered.
The Effects of STEAM Program Based on SDGs Class Participation Behavior, Class Interference Behavior and Science Academic Achievement of Students with Underachievers
Authors: You Sun-Hae , Chung Jinja
Published: June 2023

The purpose of his study was to study the effect of the SDGs-based STEAM program on the class participation behavior, class interference behavior, and science academic achievement of students with underachievers. The subject of this study was three underachievers in B middle school selected by convencience target sampling, and the experiment was conducted in the baseline, intervention, and maintenance stages by multiple baseline design across subjects among the single target research methods. The effect on scientific achievement was examined by conducting pre-tests. Classes applied to the SDGs-based STEAM program were conducted four times a week for a total of 12 weeks, and each session was conducted for 45 minutes during each science class and science-related topic selection time. The results were as follows. First, the SDGs-based STEAM programs showed a positive effect on the underachiever's participation in the class, and the total incidence of the undertaking's participation on the participant was increased and the intervention effect was maintained. Second, the STEAM program based on SDGs had a positive effect on reducing the incidence of class disturbance behaviors of underachievers. Third, the STEAM program based on SDGs had a positive effect on improving the academic achievement of underachievers. After the intervention of the SDGs-based STEAM program. The above findings suggest that the SDGs-based STEAM program should be applied to science-centered curriculum classes of under-achieved students because the SDGs-based STEAM program has a positive effect on students' learning behavior, class obstacle behavior, and science achievement.
Identification of the Function of Problem Behavior Using Functional Assessment: Based on Types of Observer and Problem Behavior
Authors: Chung Kyong-mee , Chin Dongjoo
Published: June 2023

Although identification of the function of problem behavior can be influenced by observers or types of problem behaviors, there is lack of studies analyzing these factors. The purpose of this study, which is focused on people with developmental disabilities, was to identify the functions of problem behaviors reported by three different groups of caregivers(teachers, staff/therapists, and parents), and types of problem behaviors(self-injurious, attack, destroy, stereotype, tantrum, others). Total of 473 participants answered basic information record and Functional Assessment for the Challenging/Problem Behaviors (FAPB). Results show that there was no significant difference in function of problem behavior across observers, but the main effect of the problem behavior type was observed. As a result of post-analysis of observer variables, demand was reported the least in the parent group. Attack and self-injurious behavior were significantly related to demand and avoidance, which was consistent with previous studies. interaction between two independent variables was not significant. Utilization of the result in the clinical field and further research was suggested.
The Development of a Class-Wide Positive Behavior Support Consulting Model by Using Delphi Survey*
Authors: Paek YoungSun , Son SeungHyun
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a structured PBS consulting model so that teachers who have difficulty in class management and student guidance due to students' problematic behavior can perform class-wide positive behavior support(PBS) through systematic consulting. First, the procedures and contents of PBS consulting for universal(Tier1) intervention and targeted group(Tier2) intervention were developed through literature reviewing and being verified by experts, and the validity of PBS consulting contents was verified using Delphi survey. The summary of the results is as follows. The procedure of PBS for universal (tier1) intervention consists of four steps, and the procedure of PBS for targeted group(tier2) intervention consists of five steps. And each procedure were performed identically in accordance with the four-step consulting procedure of “mutual relationship and role definition, collecting information, set goals and strategies, implementation and guidance”. The contents according to the consulting procedure consist of 21 activities of universal intervention and 29 activities of target group intervention, all of which were developed to focus on structured activity sheets.
Effects of Motivating Operation on Mand for Information of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder*
Authors: Yang Song Yee , LeePark Hyesuk
Published: June 2023

The current study investigated effects of motivating operation on mand for information in a middle school student with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). Teaching students to mand for information can help them learn advanced language skills, increase their communications skills, and aid in decreasing challenging behaviors. However, students with ASD often do not learn to mand for information without structured teaching. The target responses of this study were mands for information using “what”, “where” and “which” and used a multiple probe design across behaviors to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Target items were selected from high preferred items identified during preference assessments prior to the experiment. During the base line, target items were presented for abolishing operation(AO) of the items. A correct response was immediately reinforced by manded information about items. If the participant emitted no response or an incorrect response during the 5 s delay, the echoic prompt was provided by the instructor. During the intervention condition, the procedures were same as the baseline procedure except absense of the AO, thus EO was in effect for the target items. The EO procedure was effective on increasing mands for information and the participant were able to generalize this skill to novel items.
Correspondence Training: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Jung Sunhwa
Published: June 2023

Correspondence between verbal and nonverbal behavior is a relation between what a person says and does or between what a person does and reports. Correspondence training is a procedure to establish the relation between verbal and nonverbal behavior. The purpose of this study was to review studies on correspondence training, analyze the characteristics of the studies, and provide directions for future research. Sixteen single-case design studies were selected, reviewed, and analyzed in the following categories: participants, settings, dependent variables, intervention and procedural integrity, overall outcomes, and review of research methodology based on Quality Indicators(CEC, 2014). Results indicated that the studies on correspondence training have been effective in improving play, on-task, and other appropriate behaviors as well as correspondence between saying and doing, and reducing inappropriate behavior. Based upon review of the studies, directions for future research are discussed.
Virtual ankle-brachial index - Can we predict the immediate outcome of femorodistal bypass surgery?
Authors: Sekulic Dragan , Tomic Aleksandar , Dimic Andreja , Mitrovic Aleksandar , Davidovic Lazar , Paunovic Dragana , Nikolic Dalibor , Miladinovic Uros , Sekulic Igor , Rancic Nemanja , Sarac Momir , Marjanovic Ivan , Lekovic Ivan , Milev Bosko
Published: June 2023

Background/Aim. The best treatment for the occlusion of the largest artery in the thigh is a femorodistal (FD) bypass. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) and multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography are the gold standards for diagnosing peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The finite element analysis (FEA) method can help measure the quantity of blood flow and arterial pressure in the arteries in the leg. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of using the FEA method in predicting the outcome of FD bypass surgery. Methods. The study involved 45 patients indicated for FD arterial reconstruction from December 1, 2021, to March 31, 2023. Each patient underwent pre- and postoperative MDCT angiography of the arteries of the lower extremities, on the basis of which, with the use of FEA, models were made for measuring ABI. All patients had their ABI measured pre-operatively and postoperatively using the Doppler ultrasound and sphygmomanometer. Based on the findings of the preoperative MDCT angiography, postoperative virtual surgical models were created using the FEA method, on which ABI were also measured. The values of ABI were divided into five groups: ABI measured preoperatively (ABI pre-op), ABI measured postoperatively (ABI post-op), ABI measured on FEA models based on the MDCT findings [ABI (sim) pre-op], ABI sim post-op, and ABI measured on virtual surgery model [ABI sim post-op (virtual)]. The ABI of the models were statistically compared with preoperative and postoperative measurements done on patients. Results. The values based on the virtual ABI model did not show significant differences compared to the values obtained on patients and values obtained with the FEA method using MDCT angiography (p < 0.001). A strong statistically significant correlation was shown between the virtual ABI and the values obtained by the other two methods, measured on the postoperative MDCT angiography model and virtual postoperative model (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Virtual simulation based on the MDCT angiography parameters of peripheral blood vessels can be successfully used to predict the immediate outcome of the FD bypass surgery.
Narratives in Subjective Performance Evaluations: Do Ratings Change the Narrative?
Authors: Stubbs Kyle M.
Published: June 2023

Several high-profile companies have removed numerical subjective performance ratings from their performance-management processes in favor of only using narrative evaluations. Using an experiment, I examine whether requiring supervisors to provide a numerical subjective performance rating in addition to a narrative evaluation moderates the effects of supervisors’ directional evaluation incentives (i.e., reasons to evaluate an employee more or less favorably) on the favorability of their narrative evaluations. As predicted, I find the favorability of supervisors’ narrative evaluations reflects their directional evaluation incentives, but to a lesser degree when they also provide a numerical performance rating. Theory suggests the moderating effects of providing a numerical rating occur because (1) numerical ratings are biased toward the middle of the scale, and (2) supervisors strive for “consistency” between their numerical ratings and narrative evaluations. I demonstrate that the rating process affects narratives, and removing subjective numerical ratings may have unintended consequences in practice.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Remote Foot Temperature Monitoring for Prevention of Amputation in a Large Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Littman Alyson J. , Timmons Andrew K. , Korpak Anna , Chan K.C. Gary , Jones Kenneth T. , Shirley Suzanne , Nordrum Kyle , Robbins Jeffrey , Masadeh Suhail , Moy Ernest
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the effectiveness of remote foot temperature monitoring (RTM) in the Veterans Affairs health care system.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 924 eligible patients enrolled in RTM between 2019 and 2021 who were matched up to 3:1 to 2,757 nonenrolled comparison patients. We used conditional Cox regression to estimate adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios (aHRs) and corresponding 95% CIs for lower-extremity amputation (LEA) as the primary outcome and all-cause hospitalization and death as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS

RTM was not associated with LEA incidence (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.62–1.37) or all-cause hospitalization (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82–1.14) but was inversely associated (reduced risk) with death (aHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49–0.82).

CONCLUSIONS

This study does not provide support that RTM reduces the risk of LEA or all-cause hospitalization in individuals with a history of diabetic foot ulcer. Randomized controlled trials can overcome important limitations.
Topical 1% Voriconazole for Mixed Scedosporium and Exophiala Subcutaneous Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Paccoud Olivier , Sohier Pierre , Cotteret Camille , Guégan Sarah , Lanternier Fanny
Published: June 2023

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Goal Attainment Scaling in rehabilitation: An educational review providing a comprehensive didactical tool box for implementing Goal Attainment Scaling
Authors: Bard-Pondarré Rachel , Villepinte Claire , Roumenoff Fabienne , Lebrault Hélène , Bonnyaud Céline , Pradeau Charles , Bensmail Djamel , Isner-Horobeti Marie-Eve , Krasny-Pacini Agata
Published: June 2023

Context: Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is a person-centered and collaborative approach, allowing to assess the effectiveness of an intervention on personally relevant goals. However, GAS is not a “scale” but a heterogeneous group of methodologies, including many variations and lack of consensus on high quality GAS. Objective: The aim of this communication is to: 1. provide updated didactical information on GAS use in PRM practice and research; 2. increase awareness of GAS methodological challenges; 3. guide use of GAS as an integrated process of rehabilitation after goal setting and; 4. provide updated resources for self-directed learning and extensive supplemental material to increase knowledge and practical skills in GAS use.Methods: Educational literature review about current GAS applications relevant to PRM fields. Results: Practical advice is provided regarding clinical challenges in GAS: definition of 0 level, time-frame and means employed to attain the goal, dealing with unforeseen pattern of improvement, synthesizing the numerous significations of “SMART” goal acronym to guide best use of GAS, and thinking flexibility on the type of relevant goals that can be set. Challenges with GAS in rehabilitation research are presented in order to promote researcher’s and reviewer’s awareness on reliable use of GAS and encouraging best-use of GAS.
LAY ABSTRACTThe goal attainment scaling methodology is a relevant way of measuring the effectiveness of a treatment, by creating scales to measure whether the goals previously identified with the person have been achieved through the treatment. There are many goal attainment scaling methodological variants, with a significant impact on results, of which users are not always aware. The aims of this review of the literature regarding current applications of goal attainment scaling in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine fields, are to  (i) provide up-to-date didactic information on the use of goal attainment scaling in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine practice and research; (ii) raise awareness of the methodological challenges of goal attainment scaling; (iii) guide the use of goal attainment scaling to support the rehabilitation process after goal setting; and (iv) provide up-to-date resources for self-directed training. Practical guidelines are provided for the use of goal attainment scaling in clinical practice, and the challenges of use of this methodology in rehabilitation research are presented in order to educate researchers and evaluators on the reliable use of goal attainment scaling.
Traces of Sustainability in Food Practices in a Norwegian Kindergarten
Authors: Ciren Baizhen , Hu Aihua , Aadland Eli Kristin , Wergedahl Hege
Published: June 2023

Food and meals in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings play a vital role in health promotion and sustainable development because they constitute a significant part of the children’s total diet and considerably influence their eating habits and preferences. This paper aims to find and identify traces of sustainability in food practices in a Norwegian kindergarten by analyzing each of the four dimensions of sustainability relevant to ECEC: ecological, economic, and social/cultural sustainability, and good governance. Primary data sources for this paper include interviews with kindergarten staff, supplemented with non-participatory observation during mealtime. By looking into how this kindergarten integrated sustainability thinking into their practices and organizational structures—from designing a menu to managing a meal and incorporating children’s voices in the process—this study shows that purposefully designed food provision may promote sustainability in ECEC. In addition, it draws our attention to how the kindergarten environment can serve as an arena for children to act as change agents for sustainable food practices in kindergarten settings and beyond.
Hvilken rolle spiller fugler i bildebøker for barn, i lys av en økokritisk tilnærming?
Authors: Langvik Kjersti Merete
Published: June 2023

I barnelitteratur har fugler og barns forhold til natur lenge hatt en sentral plass. Premissene som ligger i bildebøker kan imidlertid ha betydning for barns forståelse for naturen og et bærekraftig samfunn. Både rammeplan en for barnehagen og læreplanverket for skolen understreker at det er viktig at barn skal bli kjent med naturens mangfold, få naturopplevelser, skape tilhørighet til og lære seg å ta vare på naturen. Det betyr at det er nødvendig å skape bevissthet om hva som legger premisser for en slik utvikling. I lys av en økokritisk tilnærming retter artikkelen oppmerksomheten mot hvilken rolle fugler er gitt i bildebøker, og hvordan forholdet mellom fugler og mennesker fremstilles i de fysiske omgivelsene. Med utgangspunkt i analyse av tolv bildebøker der fugler og barn inngår i en betydningsfull (vennskaps)relasjon, drøftes det hvilken betydning fremstillingen av fuglenes rolle i relasjonen i den fiktive handlingen kan ha å si for forståelse av natur med tanke på en bærekraftig utvikling.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
What Role Do Birds Play in Children’s Picture Books, in Light of an Ecocritical Approach?
Birds and children’s relationship to nature have long been central in children’s literature. However, the premises in picture books can have an impact on children’s understanding of nature and a sustainable society. The Norwegian curricula for both kindergartens and schools emphasize that it is important that children should become familiar with nature’s diversity, have nature experiences, create a sense of belonging to and learn to take care of nature. This means that it is necessary to create awareness of what sets the premises for such a development. In light of an ecocritical approach, this article draws attention to the role birds are given in picture books, and how the relationship between birds and humans is depicted in the physical environment. Based on the analysis of 12 picture books, in which birds and children are part of a significant (friendship) relationship, it is discussed what significance the representation of the birds’ role in the relationship in the fictional narrative can have on the understanding of nature, with a view to sustainable development.
Overview of aristolochic acid nephropathy: an update
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Jiang Lei , Su Tao , Liu Gang , Yang Li
Published: June 2023

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive renal interstitial fibrosis caused by medical or environmental exposure to aristolochic acid (AA). Since the outbreak of AAN in Belgium was reported nearly 30 years ago, the safety of herbal remedies has drawn considerable attention, and AAN has become a global public health problem. Breakthroughs have been made to better understand the disease, including the toxicity of AAs, the possible mechanisms of AAN, the disease patterns, and the pathological features; however, some critical problems remain unresolved. Because of the insidious onset of the disease, the incidence of AAN and the prevalence of exposure to AAs are unknown and might be largely underestimated. During the past decades, AA-containing herbs have been strictly administrated in many regions and the occurrence of AAN has declined sharply, yet cases of AAN are still sporadically reported. Despite the progress in the understanding of the disease’s pathogenesis, there is no effective treatment for delaying or reversing the renal deterioration caused by AAN. Therefore, the risk of exposure to AAs should be taken seriously by public health workers and clinicians. In this review, we updated the latest data on AAN, summarized the advances throughout these years, and put forward some challenges for future research.
A questionnaire survey on the diagnosis and treatment of Fabry nephropathy in clinical practice
Authors: Choi Soo Jeong , Kim Su Hyun , Lee Min Sung , Park Samel , Cho Eunjung , Han Seung Seok , Koh Eun Sil , Chung Byung Ha , Jeong Kyung Hwan , Bae EunHui , Lee Eun Young , Kwon Young Joo
Published: June 2023

Background: Fabry nephropathy is characterized by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, which results in proteinuria and kidney disease. The ineffectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for severe kidney failure highlights the need for early detection and meaningful markers. However, because the diagnosis and treatment of Fabry disease can vary according to the expertise of physicians, we evaluated the opinions of Korean specialists. Methods: A questionnaire regarding the management of Fabry nephropathy was emailed to healthcare providers with the experience or ability to treat individuals with Fabry nephropathy. Results: Of the 70 experts who responded to the survey, 43 were nephrologists, and 64.3% of the respondents reported having treated patients with Fabry disease. Pediatricians are treating primarily patients with classic types of the disease, while nephrologists and cardiologists are treating more patients with variant types. Only 40.7% of non-nephrologists agreed that a kidney biopsy was required at the time of diagnosis, compared with 81.4% of nephrologists. Thirty-eight of 70 respondents (54.3%) reported measuring globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) as a biomarker. The most common period to measure lyso-Gb3 was at the time of diagnosis, followed by after ERT, before ERT, and at screening. For the stage at which ERT should begin, microalbuminuria and proteinuria were chosen by 51.8% and 28.6% of respondents, respectively. Conclusion: Nephrologists are more likely to treat variant Fabry disease rather than classic cases, and they agree that ERT should be initiated early in Fabry nephropathy, using lyso-Gb3 as a biomarker.
Remarks on the Nature of Bioethics and the Bioethicist
Authors: GF de Souza
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this article is to present some observations on the nature of bioethics and the bioethicist. For what is proposed, the expository strategy follows the following order: Regarding the nature of bioethics: it takes up the question of its precursors and evaluates the viability of historical attempts to offer a definition or characterization to the problem of the identity of bioethics; suggests some characteristics of bioethics that, together, serve as support and reinforcement for its recognition as an autonomous, necessary and robust field within ethics; and deals with the disciplinary nature of bioethics, asking what the nature of its reflection can or should be: sub-disciplinary, disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or trans disciplinary. As for the bioethicist, he is concerned with pertinent aspects such as his identity, profession, vocabulary, starting points and common core, and ends with some suggestions around the basic conditions for the exercise of his professional practice
Arguments for Treating CRISPR-Edited Persons as Vulnerable
Authors: Lei Ruipeng
Published: June 2023

This paper is composed of four parts. In the first part is briefly described the origin of germline genome editing technology and its unique characteristics. The second part discusses germline genome editing is ethically unjustifiable today because of the unfavorable risk-benefit ratio. The third part argues that CRISPR-edited persons ought to be treated as a vulnerable. The fourth part is to argue that people in the present generation have moral obligations to future generations.
HAMLET (Human Alpha-Lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor Cells) - A Hope for the Cancer Patients
Authors: Al Azad Salauddin
Published: June 2023

Cancer is a malignant disease which is in most part incurable. It is not curable through normal medication. Different cure techniques have already equipped to wipe cancer out but still a mess that cancer finds its own way-out. Oncolytic viral therapy is a new promising strategy against cancer. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can replicate in cancer cells but not in normal cells, leading to lysis of the tumor mass but are recognized by the immune system as pathogens and the consequent antiviral response could represent a big hurdle for OVs makes the concept compromised for cancer treatment or malignant metastasis. Every human cell has a hereditary program that upon enactment will cause cell demise, named apoptosis. Cancer cells can develop because of imbalanced expansion, cell cycle guideline and their apoptosis hardware: genomic mutant particles bringing about non-practical professional apoptotic proteins or over-articulation of against apoptotic sister proteins which structure the premise of tumor development. Shockingly, exercises gained from infections demonstrate that malignancy can't be viewed essentially as the inverse of apoptosis. Using anticancer genes as a therapy for cancer can be effective as they can go through the gene lines and make a call for destruction of malignancy. HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor Cells) is such an anticancer gene which is found in human milk that can be effective in cancer treatment and also refusing new path making of cancer.
Disposition and Residues of Marbofloxacin in Eggs of Laying Hens
Authors: Errecalde Carlos
Published: June 2023

Marbofloxacin belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones, used exclusively in domestic animals. This study was carried out with the purpose of studying the temporal disposition of marbofloxacin in edible compartments of the egg after administration of 1, 52 mg/kg of marbofloxacin in drinking water for 11 consecutive days in hens in posture peak and average weight of 1,91±0,25 kg. Birds were housed in individual cages under controlled light conditions, ambient temperature, relative humidity, water and balanced feed ad libitum. After the administration, eggs were collected daily and immediately separated into albumen and yolk, identified per bird/day and stored at-20°C until analysis. The preparative assay consisted in extraction of the analyte using 200 mg of yolk or albumen, as appropriate, in deionized water, homogenizing solution and enrofloxacin solution as internal standard. Separation and quantification were performed by HPLC by reverse phase isocratic elution with fluorescence detector, mobile phase composed of water, acetonitrile and triethylamine adjusted to pH 3. According to the peak areas of known concentrations, the concentrations of the test samples were calculated by simple linear regression. The established marbofloxacin levels are higher and more persistent in the yolk than in albumen, reaching 8 and 9 days, respectively. The disposition characteristics observed with marbofloxacin are compatible with the physico-chemical properties of the antimicrobial with the respective compartments of the egg and the time required for its formation. Data obtained from marbofloxacin depletion in egg compartments were analyzed using the EMEA WT 1.4 software and conjecturing a rigorous MRL (0,001 µg/kg), a withdrawal period of 13 and 17 days was estimated, for albumen and yolk, respectively.
Central Nervous System Infiltration by Multiple Myeloma: Two Case Reports of a Rare Clinical Presentation
Authors: Alves da Silva Matheus
Published: June 2023

Introduction: We present two case reports of rare and aggressive presentation of multiple myeloma, one of the most common hematological malignancies. To our knowledge, there are very few case reports of meningeal invasion by multiple myeloma, denoting the importance of describing the clinical features and the complementary investigation necessary to develop a better approach to these patients. Cases presentation: In case 1, we present a 64 years old patient with vague symptoms of headache associated with exacerbated tendinous reflexes and previous diagnosis of multiple myeloma. In case 2, a 58 years old presents with auricular plenitude, headache and encephalopathy, and a medical antecedent of multiple myeloma. Both were diagnosed with different sites of multiple myeloma central nervous system invasion, case 1 with predominant meningeal infiltration and case 2 with intraparenchymal infiltration. Conclusion: Analyzing these cases, we conclude that besides the rarity of the meningeal accometiment in myeloma patients compared to other hematological disorders, the identification of clinical signals and symptoms suggestive of this invasion is necessary to provide better health care to these patients.