bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of CdS/CdTe Diode for X-Ray Sensor
Authors: Shams H. , Gabal H. Abou , Soliman M. , Ebrahim S. , Agamy S.
Published: January 2021

Many methods are used to detect x-ray are incapable of accounting for the high x-ray flux generated by modern x-ray Instruments. The major technology for measurement of x-ray dose rate in real time is the ionizing chambers detectors, but it has some disadvantages like complexity. Also it has large size due to the importance of gas volume and pressure, high voltages, signal cables, and other specialized parts needed for its operation. Advances in the technology of CdTe semiconductor in solar cells industries allow the development of an inexpensive and compact solid-state X-ray sensor. As X-ray photons pass through the diode, the photoelectric effect produces a photocurrent. The X-ray flux can be determined from this current. Four stacked diodes were connected in series to measure the device performance. It was observed that amplitude of the pulse formed due to exposed FTO/CdS/CdTe/Mo detector to X-ray of 33 keV and 1mA intensity is 1.03 V
Simple and Efficient Methods to Perform the Optimum Matching Between a Reciprocating Piston Pump and a Wind Machine
Authors: El-Ghobashy El-Hagar Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: January 2021

One of the major problems facing the use of the wind driven reciprocating lift pump is the problem of starting. The required starting torque of the pump is at least three times the average torque. This means that the pump will need a high wind velocity just to be started, after that it will continue to operate at a lower wind velocity because of the lower average torque, provided that there is enough inertia in the system. For this reason, the torque characteristics of the wind turbine – reciprocating pump combination are very important. Thus, there is a real need to develop new methods in order to reduce this starting performance of the reciprocating pump. This paper presents a theoretical study to reduce the starting torque of a non-conventional reciprocating piston pump using new methods, for example, changing the wind machine parameters, such as the aerodynamics configuration of the rotor and blade elements, or by studying the effect of wind speed velocity on the starting torque. Also by changing the cross-section area of the piston or by changing the static head of the piston pump or by controlling the flow rate of the piston pump.
Perceptions of Business Students toward Online Education before and in Transition Period of COVID-19
Authors: Chua Clare , Ruzgar Nursel Selver
Published: January 2021

Covid-19 affects our lifestyles dramatically. It also affects the education styles. Spurred by the Covid19 pandemic, most of the learning in a traditional classroom setting were transferred to online format. This study was designed to assess the students’ perception on the traditional and online learning before Covid-19 pandemic and in transition to the Covid pandemic when all classroom learning is closed and transferred to online based learning. Students were sampled to obtain their general perceptions regarding traditional and online learning. The data were collected via an online survey during October/November 2019 and March/April 2020. Findings indicate that the perceptions of students changed negatively in transition period. A large majority of students agreed before Covid-19, but they disagreed in transition period on the following: online education increases learning levels; students learn more with online courses; zoom is much better than learning in the classroom environment; online courses are easier than traditional courses; I would recommend taking online courses instead of in class courses to a friend or colleague; and I would like to take my other courses in online form. The results show that a sudden change to the system will negatively impact the students and it did not allow time for students to adjust to the change. They are simply not ready to take all the courses online. However, students all agreed the use of technology in classroom increases their engagement and interest in the subject matter
Can Pension Reforms Moderate Inflation Expectations and Spur Savings? Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Eke Patrick Omoruyi , Okoye Lawrence Uchenna , Omankhanlen Alexander Ehimare
Published: January 2021

This paper tests the prior-savings theory which proposes that pension savings could moderate inflation, and spur long-tenured savings for fixed capital formation. An augmented Toda-Yamamoto longrun non-causality technique was used to analyze data from 1980 to 2018. The outcome reveals that pension saving has significant negative causal flow to gross fixed capital formation, while gross fixed capital formation does not drive inflation expectation. The outcome suggests that prior-savings theory does not hold in the Nigerian case, which may infer that government borrowing from pension fund has been for consumption expenditure. The results generalize many developing economies with similar financial structure. The paper recommends that borrowed pension savings be invested in infrastructures in line with prior-saving theory. Fiscal policy reforms that broaden and deepen the nexus are recommended
The Role of Discipline and Career Development in Improving Employee Work Achievement
Authors: Maulidiyah Nailin Nikmatul , Arifin Moh. Samsul , Setyawan Dian Ary
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of discipline and career development on employee work achievement at

PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Jember Brach office. The population in this study is permanent employees at PT.

Bank Syariah Mandiri Jember Brach office which numbered 54 employees. The analytical tool used in this

study is multiple linear regression analysis to test the effect of the independent variable on the dependent

variable. The results showed that the disciplinary significantly influence work achievement at PT. Bank

Syariah Mandiri Jember Brach office. Career development significantly influenced work achievement at

PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Jember Branch Office. Simultaneously, discipline and career development

significantly influenced work achievement at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Jember Branch Office.

Keyword: Discipline; Career Development; Work Achievement
Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy of Synthetic Amphiboles: II. Divalent (Mg,Co) Substitutions at the Octahedrally Coordinated Sites
Authors: Della Ventura Giancarlo , Mihailova Boriana , Hawthorne Frank C.
Published: January 2021

Raman spectra were recorded for a set of synthetic amphiboles, Na(NaCa)(Mg5–xCox)Si8O22(OH)2 with x = 0–5, that have been previously characterized by Rietveld structure refinement and infrared spectroscopy in the principal OH-stretching region. The chemical compositions derived from the intensities of the O-H stretching Raman peaks are in accord with the nominal compositions, as well as with the compositions previously determined by both Rietveld structure refinement and infrared spectroscopy. Detailed peak assignments have been made of the Raman spectra in the low-wavenumber region (50–1200 cm–1) starting from the work of Leissner et al. (2015) and Waeselmann et al. (2019) and the simulated partial Raman spectra for all the cation-anion pairs in the structure of potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite given by Ivanov et al. (2018). Most Raman peaks exhibit one-mode behavior and shift toward lower wavenumbers for increasing Co in the amphibole.
Chlorine-Rich Amphiboles from the Grenville-Age Hudson Highlands of New York State
Authors: Gilland Alexandra J. , Hebert Laurel I. , Javier-Jimenez Diego R. , Masi Janey M. , Meyler Shannon R. , Schwartz Spencer G. , Verhaeg Emily A. , Hughes John M. , Lincoln Emily S. , O'Brien Griffin P. , Powers Sarah K. , Schireman Raymond G. , Lupulescu Marian V. , Bailey David G.
Published: January 2021

Some Grenville-age rocks exposed in the uplifted region of the Hudson Highlands of southern New York are amphibole-dominant igneous rocks. The amphibole-rich rocks, which are locally pegmatitic in nature, are associated with magnetite ore and coarse-grained syenite; the ore was discovered and mined from the middle of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century. The amphiboles have attracted the attention of many researchers for nearly two centuries. Chemical analyses demonstrate that they are pargasite or hastingsite in composition and are particularly rich in Cl and K. High-precision crystal structure analyses of 11 Cl-rich amphiboles from the Hudson Highlands (0.0134 <R1 < 0.0169), including separation of M(1)Fe and M(1)Mg, allow corroboration of, and greatly extends the range of, previous models of Cl incorporation in amphiboles that were derived from a small number of samples. In addition to crystal structures and major-element analyses, trace-element data and Raman spectra are provided.
A Study Of Lexical Cultural Units Specific To The Language Of Folk Epics
Authors:   Lecturer, Faculty Of Uzbek Language And Literature Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Fayzullayeva Dilnoza
Published: January 2021

Studying folk epics, which are our spiritual heritage, especially its beautiful, rich and unique language, comparing them with modern literary language and drawing certain conclusions can allow us to express some ideas for linguistics. At present, due to the granting of the status of the state language to the Uzbek language, the words of a foreign language (mainly Russian) are becoming obsolete, and many lexical units from the vernacular and its dialects are entering. It is well known that internal possibilities have played an important role in the comprehensive enrichment of the language. In this regard, it is appropriate to study the vocabulary of folk epics and bring the necessary, living words into the literary language.
Phraseological Meaning And Its Lexical-Semantic Features
Authors:   Lecturer, Faculty Of Uzbek Language And Literature Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Abdujalilova Feruza
Published: January 2021

The wind of independence has had a strong impact on the development of linguistics in our country, among other things. During the years of independence, the study of theoretical issues of Uzbek phraseology has received increasing attention.
Fair Value Accounting for Non-Current Assets and its Role in Determining Auditing Fees
Authors: Alshdaifat Hanady , Zalloum Nidal
Published: January 2021

The study aimed to identify the role of non-current assets’ fair value in determining audit fees, in addition to studying the impact of non-current assets’ fair value on audit fees. This was achieved through different valuation methods and the corporate governance represented by board independence for the period of 2013 to 2018. The study included 50 industrial companies listed on the ASE. 'The panel data was processed using the fixed effects model, and the study found that there is a reverse effect of the non-current assets’ fair value on the audit fees. Furthermore, the study found a difference in the non-current assets’ fair value on audit fees through corporate governance represented by the independent board of directors as well as a difference in the non-current assets’ fair value on audit fees by different fair value valuation methods measured at the first, second and third levels.
Operating relations in the post-industrial and transitive economy
Authors: OVIECHKINA Olena
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to an in-depth study of the capitalist private property of adherents of various currents and schools. It is emphasized that the internal contradictions of private property, which are concentrated in the relations of exploitation, are actively studied by the authors of neoliberalism, neo-institutionalism, and analytical Marxism. The paper shows that most of the works of Western scholars deny the phenomenon of economic exploitation in the post-industrial model of capitalism. The conclusions of domestic scholars about the absence of economic and non-economic coercion to work of hired workers in debilitated, transitive economies are criticized. Based on the theoretical analysis of works devoted to the objective study of new aspects of the relationship between employers and employees, the existence of such non-economic forms of exploitation is proven: psychological, political, axiological, social. The paper considers the main tools of non-economic exploitation, which include euphemisation and speculation in the interests, motives, feelings, consciousness, preferences and even passions of people. The consequences of euphemisation and speculation as tools of non-economic coercion to work, excessive consumption, the introduction of consumerist psychology are revealed. The economic purpose of the most popular socio-political technologies for manipulating the conscious and subconscious behavior of society, groups, individuals in the interests of the ruling classes is clarified. It is shown that these instruments of influence are actively used in various national models of capitalism. The mechanism of total manipulation of behavior, consciousness, psychology of people who are involved in the processes of production, marketing and consumption is considered. It is shown that total manipulation includes a set of non-economic forms of influence on people's decision-making, beneficial to the state, direct employers, financial and commercial structures not only nationally but also globally.
Globalization processes and their influence on the international business development
Authors: PRODIUS Yuliia , KOVTUNENKO Kseniia , BONDARENKO Kateryna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the paper is to consider aspects of the globalization process that are important factors of global development, to assess the current state of the world, which is defined by scientists as critical.
Globalization is a new phenomenon in the expansion of international trade that emerged in the late twentieth century. This was due to the opening of many industrial companies. In other words, «globalization» is a word that can be defined in different ways, depending on its field of application, whether it is a personal company, business national or global in general.
World trade has a significant difference compared to the market in one country. Among the keys to a company`s success are things that local companies don`t have to think about. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study the peculiarities of conducting and managing international trade carefully. The growing importance of transnational corporations as actors in the global economy, the transformation of their strategic motivations and practical actions are becoming increasingly global and putting pressure on the interests of virtually all countries and regions, leading to new approaches to theoretical research and practical regulation of TNCs.
The development and operation of TNCs is carried out through multiple integration of the international market. As the market expands, companies often face the dilemma of choosing from all possible sources in the country the best indicators of the world market, including goals and objectives. At the same time, the behavior of global trading companies during the transition to the world economy is very ambiguous, which leads to further research in this direction.
The Influence of Brand Image and Restaurant Attributes towards Customer Satisfaction at Pekkio Restaurant
Authors: Marcella Oei Natalia
Published: January 2021

In this globalization era, food service industry as restaurant that provide the basic of human needs has been well developed. The development of food industry has given a huge contribution to the social and environment aspects (Franceschelli et al, 2018). Pekkio restaurant is one of the restaurants in Surabaya that sell Singapore chinese cuisine in Pakuwon Mall Surabaya. In order to survive in this industry, Pekkio restaurant continuously develop their performance to increase the customer satisfaction. With the purpose to find out the factors that influence customer satisfaction, this research aims to discover whether brand image, food quality, service quality, and atmospherics have significant influence towards customer satisfaction of Pekkio restaurant.

            Therefore, researcher conducted an online survey that are distributed to the samples using 5-point Likert-scale. The population is unknown thus, the researcher use special method from Roa (2016) and the sample become 97. Moreover, the obtained data will be analysed using Multiple Linear Regression. The result shows that food quality and service quality have significant influence towards customer satisfaction of Pekkio restaurant. However, brand image and atmospherics don’t significantly influence customer satisfaction at Pekkio restaurant . Albeit, there are positive relationship of brand image and atmospherics towards customer satisfaction of Pekkio restaurant.

Keywords: Brand Image, Food Quality, Service Quality, Atmospherics, and Customer Satisfaction
The THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND ONLINE TRAVEL AGENTS TOWARDS THE BOOKING INTENTION OF HOTEL IN SURABAYA
Authors: Ramaputra Reza
Published: January 2021

Hotel occupancy rate in Surabaya experienced a declining since 2017 with the average room occupancy rate was 54% For hotel to be able to make a profit, occupancy rate must be at least 60%. As a result of this declining in occupancy, hotels in Surabaya begin to rely on e-commerce platforms as their marketing strategy to overcome this occupancy issues. Strategy that commonly used is by maximize the use of social media marketing and online travel agents. This research aims to discover whether social media marketing and Online travel agents have significant effects to the booking intention of hotel in Surabaya.

This research sample uses the domestic people whoever use social media and online travel agents as a source to searching hotel information and booked a hotel room in Surabaya within a period of January 2019 to October 2019. Data research is collected by using a likert scale questionnaire that is distributed to 104 respondents. Then it proceeded by multiple linear regression similarity model with SPSS. The result shows that social media marketing has positive and significant effect towards the booking intention of hotel in Surabaya and online travel agents also has positive and significant effect towards the booking intention of hotel in Surabaya.
Analysis of interest factors for entrepreneurship of accounting education students
Authors: Pamungkas Noviyan Bhekti , Utomo Supri Wahyudi , Yusdita Elana Era
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the various factors that become the interest in entrepreneurship in accounting education students at Universitas PGRI Madiun. This study used a qualitative approach and the type of research was descriptive. The researcher conducted interviews with informants, namely accounting education students at the Universitas PGRI Madiun. The results of this study are that the informants R, Y, T, K and P are interested in entrepreneurship, but the informant (R) has an introverted personality. Then for the informant (P), the poor learning achievement factor did not become an obstacle in him being interested in entrepreneurship, another uniqueness was found, namely that the informant (K) did not have support from friends and had little leadership. For this reason, it is suggested to have leadership training, public speaking and entrepreneurship skills for students.
CULT OF WATER IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME. BRIDGES AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURESAND
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Meer T.P.
Published: January 2021

Water was the main factor in choosing where to build settlements. Large civilizations - Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek and Roman, settled around the Mediterranean Sea and developed thanks to the waters of rivers and seas. The power of water was embodied by the Greeks in Gods and small deities, such as: Poseidon, Aphrodite, Naiades and others. The heyday of large ancient cities during the Roman period is associated with the construction of bridges and aqueducts. Water was assigned a significant role in the culture of local traditions. Residents of ancient cities have built many technical structures designed for water supply, irrigation of fields, sewerage and simply in honor of the worship of gods, patrons of water.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI
Authors: Andria Rosa  , Mahyudin Ritonga  , Wedy Nasrul
Published: January 2021

Kajian permasalahan pada penelitian ini mengenai problematika yang dihadapi guru dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk  mendeskripsikan kemampuan guru dalalm menggunakan media berbasis teknologi, media apa yang dipakai guru dalam proses belajar mengajar, dan problematika apa yang dihadapi guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yang menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yakni dengan menggambarkan objek penelitian sebagaimana adanya. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu Kepala Sekolah, Guru PAI dan Siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Dalam memeriksa keabsahan data yang penulis dapat di lapangan, maka penulis menggunakan teknik triangulasi yakni; triangulasi sumber, triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi waktu. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, Guru mampu mengiringi perkembangan zaman dalam menggunakan media berbasis teknologi pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, hanya saja mereka tidak menerapkan kemampuan yang mereka miliki pada proses belajar mengajar. Kedua, Pada perangkat pembelajaran, guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sudah menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi meskipun belum bervariasi, namun pada kenyataan di lapangan mereka hanya mengajar secara konvensional. Ketiga, Problematika yang dihadapi guru tidak selalu berpengaruh besar terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Guru dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan baik meski tidak sepenuhnya di support dengan media pembelajaran.
Infrastructural Cyber-Physical Energy Systems: Transformations, Challenges, Future Appearance
Authors: Voropai N. , Stennikov V. , Senderov S.
Published: January 2021

The directions for the transformation of the key hierarchically-structured infrastructure energy systems, i.e., electric power, heating, and gas supply systems, as influenced by intensively expanding adoption of technology innovations in physical (power) and information-and-communication subsystems are studied. The peculiarities of the transformation of the energy systems structure at their different hierarchical levels are analyzed. Changes in the properties of future energy systems as influenced by innovation-driven processes and facilities are discussed. Interpretations of new properties of transforming energy systems, i.e. flexibility and resiliency, which have recently been the subject of much research effort are analyzed. It is argued that in the future the above energy systems will acquire the features of integrated cyber-physical systems. The fundamental role of developing control systems for future infrastructure cyber-physical energy systems is emphasized.
The Geometry of Power Systems Steady-State Equations– Part II: a Power Surface Study
Authors: Ayuev B. , Davydov V. , Erokhin P. , Neuymin V. , Pazderin A.
Published: January 2021

Steady-state equations play an essential part in the theory of power systems and the practice of computations. These equations are directly or mediately used almost in all areas of the theory of power system states, constituting its basis. This two-part study deals with a geometrical interpretation of steady-state solutions in a power space. Part I has proposed considering the power system's steady states in terms of power surface. Part II is devoted to an analytical study of the power surface through its normal vectors. An interrelationship between the entries of the normal vector is obtained through incremental transmission loss coefficients. Analysis of the normal vector has revealed that in marginal states, its entry of the slack bus active power equals zero, and the incremental transmission loss coefficient of the slack bus equals one. Therefore, any attempts of the slack bus to maintain the system power balance in the marginal state are fully compensated by associated losses. In real-world power systems, a change in the slack bus location in the marginal state makes this steady state non-marginal. Only in the lossless power systems, the marginal states do not depend on a slack bus location.
Work-life Balance as a Criterion for Decent Labor Relations
Authors: Razumova T. O. , Serpukhova M. A.
Published: January 2021

In modern conditions, the issues of achieving a balance between family obligations and work functions are becoming increasingly relevant. Such a balance between two important spheres of human activity can be achieved only if the main provisions of the concept of decent work are implemented in Russia, and in the conditions of forced mass transition to remote work, it is subject to serious risks. The purpose of the study is to identify the key problematic aspects of combining family functions and work activities of employees in the context of finding a balance between these categories, through the prism of criteria for decent work and achieving sustainable development Goals. To achieve the stated goal of this work, the authors analyzed the key indicators of the concept of decent work in Russia, as well as conducted an author's study of the family-work balance, which allowed us to formulate a portrait of an employed person who successfully combines work and family functions.
60 Years of Human Capital Theory: Applying Classical Theory to the Analysis of the Modern Labor Market
Authors: Ivanova O. A.
Published: January 2021

In this study, the author analyzes new trends in the development of the human capital theory and offers an interdisciplinary approach to the application of the human capital concept for the analysis of the modern labor market and labor relations. Over the 60 years of its existence, the theory of human capital has not only been tested in numerous empirical studies, but also received further theoretical development due to the inclusion of scientific insights from related fields, such as social psychology, organizational behavior, economic sociology, human resource management, strategic and general management. An integrated approach to the study of human capital allows us to expand our understanding of the role that an individual plays in the production process and its impact on the economic outcomes of organizational activities.
Az Európai Unió Bíróságának ítélkezési gyakorlata a közös európai menekültügyi rendszer vonatkozásában
Authors: Koós Gábor
Published: January 2021

The author provides on overview of the case-law of the European Court of Justice concerning the Common European Asylum System.
A titkos információgyűjtés és adatszerzés eredményének felhasználása a büntetőeljárásban
Authors: Novák Zsófia , Nagy Ákos
Published: January 2021

The author provides an overview of how covert information can be used in criminal investigations and procedures.
Neutron Star Mergers in Active Galactic Nucleus Accretion Disks: Cocoon and Ejecta Shock Breakouts
Authors: Zhu Jin-Ping , Zhang Bing , Yu Yun-Wei , Gao He
Published: January 2021

Neutron star mergers are believed to occur in accretion disks around supermassive black holes. Here we show that a putative jet launched from the merger of a binary neutron star (BNS) or a neutron star–black hole (NSBH) merger occurring at the migration trap in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) disk would be choked. The jet energy is deposited within the disk materials to power a hot cocoon. The cocoon is energetic enough to break out from the AGN disk and produce a bright X-ray shock breakout transient peaking at ∼0.15 days after the merger. The peak luminosity is estimated as

, which can be discovered by the Einstein Probe from

. Later on, the nonrelativistic ejecta launched from the merger would break out the disk, powering an X-ray/UV flare peaking at ∼0.5 days after the merger. This second shock breakout signal may be detected by UV transient searches. The cocoon cooling emission and kilonova emission are outshone by the disk emission and are difficult to detect. Future joint observations of gravitational waves from BNS/NSBH mergers and associated two shock breakout signatures can provide strong support for the compact binary coalescence formation channel in AGN disks.
A re-examination of the West European species of Boreonectes Angus, 2010, with particular reference to B. multilineatus (Falkenström, 1922) (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Authors: Angus Robert B.
Published: January 2021

The West European species of Boreonectes Angus, 2010 are reviewed. B. multilineatus (Falkenström, 1922) is shown to be widely distributed in the Pyrenees, where it is the only species known to occur. The chromosomes of all five west European species are found to have, in addition their different numbers of chromosomes, differences in the number and locations of secondary constrictions, and in some cases, the number of chromosomes with clear centromeric C-bands. The level of differences between the chromosomes of the species is in stark contrast with the very slight genetic (DNA) differences between them and this suggests that chromosome differentiation may have been a driver of speciation. Two of the species, B. griseostriatus (De Geer, 1774) and B. multilineatus, have distributions extending northwards as far as Arctic Scandinavia. It is pointed out that, while these northern areas now constitute the major portions of their ranges, they must be of fairly recent origins as most of the area would have been covered by ice sheets and therefore not habitable during the glacial maximum of the Last Glaciation. This contrasts with the situation in the area of the Central European mountains where fossil faunas, including Boreonectes, are known. B. griseostriatus, identifiable to species by its parameres, was present in the Woolly Rhinoceros site at Starunia in the Western Ukraine, and this fauna is discussed as well as an English fauna of similar age.
Concurrence et benchmarking moteurs du changement
Authors: Loubat Jean-René
Published: January 2021

Dans un contexte sociétal de déclin démographique et de stagnation économique, l’optimisation des dépenses dévolues à la santé et à la solidarité représente l’un des principaux enjeux actuels pour une puissance publique régulièrement mise en demeure de réduire son déficit. Par conséquent, la recherche d’efficience (d’évaluation et de benchmarking ) constitue l’un des moteurs les plus puissants et les plus déterminants de l’évolution des politiques publiques en la matière. L’évolution des mœurs plaide également pour une meilleure prise en compte des droits des personnes bénéficiaires et de leur projet de vie ; des personnes qui souhaitent être davantage actrices de leur parcours et non plus dépendre entièrement d’institutions historiques. Bref, le défi à venir est de diminuer les coûts des opérateurs par tous les moyens en recherchant des solutions alternatives aux réponses actuelles qui s’avèrent trop dispendieuses et de plus en plus inadéquates. La contribution brosse le paysage des orientations publiques et leurs enjeux, aborde leurs conséquences sur les formes d’accompagnement et d’organisation qui sont en devenir au sein des opérateurs sociaux et médico-sociaux – des opérateurs désormais soumis comme les autres acteurs aux principes de performance et de concurrence.
Identité organisationnelle, concurrence et contractualisation : les associations médico-sociales à l’épreuve de la complexité de sens
Authors: Malherbe Denis
Published: January 2021

Les associations médico-sociales évoluent dans un contexte de concurrence régulée, lié aux réformes de l’État et accentué par les déséquilibres budgétaires. Ce régime les confronte à des injonctions ambivalentes : rivalité et coopération, partenariat public-privé et concurrence de nouveaux entrants actionnariaux. Au-delà du débat sur la marchandisation, le processus en jeu est la marchéisation de l’accès aux financements. Pour ces associations, l’adaptation stratégique n’est pas qu’une affaire de techniques gestionnaires. Elle est aussi un défi identitaire de légitimité pour leur gouvernance, leurs managers et leurs équipes. Selon leur taille, leur implantation et leur culture, les associations sont exposées à deux risques majeurs. Le premier est, pour certaines, leur disparition en tant qu’organisation autonome, par méconnaissance ou déni des changements déjà effectifs. Le second est, pour d’autres, le mimétisme managérialiste qui réduit leur vision de la performance à la seule satisfaction des financeurs publics ou, le cas échéant, privés.
L’aide à domicile : des dynamiques d’alliance entre concurrence et complémentarité
Authors: Desjeux Cyril
Published: January 2021

Cet article s’appuie principalement sur une étude réalisée dans le cadre de Handéo concernant les coopérations entre les services d’aide et d’accompagnement à domicile ( saad ) et des services d’accompagnement à la vie sociale ( savs ) ou des services d’accompagnement médico-social pour adultes handicapés ( samsah ). Il analyse les dynamiques d’alliance en territoire pouvant à la fois être l’expression d’un jeu concurrentiel et partenarial.
Expertises d’usage et réflexions sur la concurrence : interviews de deux témoins engagés
Authors: Jovin Alicia , Lequilbec Frederik , Crespo Geneviève , Gibey Lydie
Published: January 2021

Avoir le choix est essentiel, les situations de ces deux personnes, bénéficiaires de la prestation de compensation du handicap ( pch ), montrent que ce qui est important, c’est de trouver l’aide qui correspond le mieux à ce qu’attend la personne dans son environnement spécifique. Les compétences relationnelles et techniques sont les critères premiers de choix. Ces témoignages sont totalement en écho aux recherches présentées dans un précédent numéro de Vie sociale , « Vivre chez soi soutenu par des aides humaines ». Mener une vie autodéterminée est le projet d’Alicia Jovin et de Frederik Lequilbec. Ils le veulent et nous expliquent comment ils s’en sont donné les moyens. La concurrence est pour eux associée à leur recherche d’un service de qualité personnalisé. Que met-on à la disposition d’une personne pour répondre à ses besoins et ses aspirations ? Des services ou des moyens ?
Deconstruction of the Welfare State: The Impact of Globalization and Technological Factors
Authors: Khoma Nataliya , Vdovychyn Ihor
Published: January 2021

The article aims to investigate the processes of deconstruction of the institution of the welfare state under the influence of such new challenges as economic globalization and technological revolution. The study is based on the methodological tools of neo-institutionalism. Principal exogenous and endogenous reasons for the crisis of the welfare state institution are determined. Economic globalization and technological progress are designated as decisive factors conditioning the deconstruction of the welfare state. It is stated that irrespective of the welfare state model, nowadays they all are reformed towards the activation of a working-age person and the establishment of the state of social investments. Currently the configuration of the welfare state is specified by its commitment to stimulating competition and developing the self-initiative of citizens in terms of ensuring their own prosperity. It is highlighted that economic globalization and technological progress should not be considered exclusively from the standpoint of risks for the welfare state. These two factors are identified as stimuli for further evolution of the welfare state institution for the sake of its moving out of prolonged stagnation and preserving itself as a political institution, albeit in the upgraded model. Key words welfare state institution; deconstruction of the welfare state; economic globalization; platform economy; technological progress; Industry 4.0
Open by Degrees
Authors: Taylor Peter Geoffrey , Cooke Helen , Lane Andy B.
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the history, development, and perceived value of The Open University UK's multidisciplinary ‘open' qualifications at undergraduate and postgraduate level, together with the development of multidisciplinary ‘open box' modules. It addresses the debate around the coherence and acceptance of such personalized programs of study. As well as identifying some of the challenges facing multidisciplinary learners, it describes how open educational resources (OERs) can be used by students to negotiate their own learning experience. The chapter concludes by outlining the benefits of introducing multidisciplinary modules based on OERs and other types of non-formal learning into the curriculum.
Destroying the Textbook Tower
Authors: Ariyo Oluwunmi , Reams-Johnson Ansa
Published: January 2021

Textbooks are the cornerstone of higher education. College Board stated in a study that the national average for one text is $153 per course, and over the course of a year, the average college student spends more than $1,200 on books and materials. Endless debates have posed the question of how students enrolled in higher education institutions can afford the rising cost of textbooks without it interfering in their education. Open education resources have provided one answer to this debate. The following chapter will discuss three main benefits of OER which are free access, standardization, and equity concerns. Lastly, the chapter will address the challenges pertaining to OER.
Lithium Battery Cell Level Fusing with Aluminum Heavy Wire Bonds
Authors: Mehrotra Utkarsh , Brazzle Arthur , McKeown Michael , Hopkins Douglas C.
Published: January 2021

Aluminum heavy wire bonds interconnects are a potential alternative to laser or resistance welded bus bars due to its ease of manufacturability, long term reliability and low cost for battery banks. They can also be utilized as a fault protection solution in case of a surge current, dead short, etc, and to isolate a bad cell preventing synchronous failure. Typically, the current-carrying capability of a wire is estimated using standard data generated by testing in free air. However, a deviation in the capacity limits can occur due to the proximity of interconnect to larger thermal masses and different heat extraction techniques found in present day lithium battery packs; e.g., fluid channel cooling, encapsulated wires, etc. The cylindrical cell cathode, anode, and the busbar material constitute a large thermal mass to increase the fusing current in wire bonds above conventional levels. To better predict and design the interconnects advanced and system-specific models should be developed. This paper presents a new mathematical approach which includes the effect of convective cooling inside the battery pack to do an early step estimation of the current handling capacity and fusing time of different diameter wires. The paper also presents a finite element model that includes the impact of boundary conditions, wire length and wire diameter on steady-state current handling capacity of 99.99 % Al wire. Both steady-state and transient simulations were performed to estimate fusing times at different time rated conditions. The paper concludes by providing new curve-fit patterns to give future battery pack designers further insight aiding new designs.
Methodology to Quantify Impact of Package Delamination on Performance of High-Side Smart Power Switch Design
Authors: Chu Min , Chen Jie , Rahman Abidur , Murugan Rajen
Published: January 2021

Generally, IC packages with exposed pads have excellent thermal and electrical performance – assuming high fidelity and integrity of die attach material. However, reliability challenges associated with die attach impacts electrical performance of vertical power FETs for high-side power switches. As such, it is critical to quantify the impact of these challenges on high-side power switches operation, so that their protection and diagnostic feature circuitries can be properly designed for mission critical applications. In this paper we present on a package and PCB co-modeling methodology that was developed to assess impact of die attach integrity on performance of high-side power switch designs. We explain how electrical co-optimization of the system (viz. FET-Package-PCB) interactions, was achieved through a coupled circuit-to-electromagnetic modeling, simulation, and analysis methodology. Silicon laboratory measurements data that validate the modeling methodology will be presented.
Enhancement of Board Level Reliability on Automotive DRAM Package by Optimized Thermal & Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lee Jong-Gi , Bae Jin-Soo , Yoon Yeo-Hoon , Lee Jun-Ho , Cho Kang-Young
Published: January 2021

As increased in demand for using memory devices in automotive applications, board level reliability (BLR) has been the one of the critical issue for using FBGA type packages in automotive. The required specification of BLR is listed in various standards (AEC-Q100, Q104 etc) and it is varied by automotive application customers. Most of customers are targeting grade from 1 to 3, however, requirement to memory package is grade 1 (−40°C~125°C). Currently low power (LP) memory device is widely adopted in automotive applications due to its wide bandwidth and high density capability. From package reliability point of view, it is challenge to satisfy the required BLR for target package by 1) dimension optimization, 2) selection of material, 3) mount condition, and 4) work around method. In this paper, the best combination to achieve the highest BLR life time was investigated compared with current mobile application LP4 package. Large pad size with large ball, high content of Ag in solder ball and Ni/Au pad finish were the best combination to result in the longest life time. Various density of LP4 package BLR were also estimated by mechanical simulation based from actual thermal cycling test on the highest Si volume LP4 package.
Packaging Issues and Solutions for Ultra-Low Power, High Efficiency GaN micro-LEDs for a Battery Free, Sub-mm2, Tetherless, Smart IoT System
Authors: Libsch F.R. , Bedell S.W. , Webb B.C. , Paidimarri A.
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses some design and implementation issues related to GaN micro-LED (μLED) incorporated into the heterogeneous packaging of IBM’s smart and secure sensor platform. For cost effective μLEDs, the sapphire substrate needs to be singulated reliably and with minimum kerf perimeter, be ultra-clean and smooth to allow back side emission without scattering, and high yielding front side flip chip bonding with 20μm C4s on 40μm pitch. The GaN μLEDs are design for low voltage/low power operation with an emission area of 20μm × 20μm with critical current density of ~10nA/μm2. Power and downlink data is delivered to the system via optical energy harvesting by on-silicon carrier photovoltaics and communication photodiode, respectively. Optical amplitude modulated uplink communication by heterogeneous packaging of the GaN μLED with a 14nm CMOS smart chip will be detailed and demonstrated in presentation.
Do catastrophic costs impact treatment outcomes in people with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in the Republic of Moldova?
Authors: Plesca Valeriu , Ciobanu Ana , Sereda Yuliia , Dadu Andrei
Published: January 2021

The Republic of Moldova is among the 30 Rifampicin-Resistant and/or Multidrug-Resistant (RR/MDR) Tuberculosis (TB) high burden countries in the world. Despite free TB diagnostics and treatment, TB patients face substantial economic losses and this may impact overall treatment outcomes. We assessed if there is an association between TB-related catastrophic costs and TB treatment outcomes. We conducted a cohort study using data from patient records and a survey that quantified catastrophic costs among RR/MDR-TB affected households in the Republic of Moldova in 2016. We included adult patients (age ≥18 years) with RR/MDR-TB who had been in inpatient (intensive phase) or outpatient (continuous phase) treatment for at least 2 months. Unfavourable treatment outcome, such as failure, death or lost to follow-up, was the primary outcome variable. The definition of catastrophic TB-related costs followed the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines: costs due to TB ≥20% of annual household income. Log-binomial regression was used to assess association between the outcome and catastrophic TB-related costs adjusting for other socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical covariates.  In total 287 RR/MDR-TB patients (78% males, mean age 42 years) were included. Of them, 30% experienced catastrophic TB-related costs. Overall, one in five patients (21%) had unfavourable treatment outcome, such as treatment failure (5%), death (8%) or lost to follow-up (8%). The experience of catastrophic TB-related costs was not associated with unfavourable treatment outcome [adjusted relative risk (aRR)=0.88, 95% CI: 0.50–1.50]. Major factors independently associated with unfavourable TB treatment outcomes were poverty (aRR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.06-4.07), urban residence (aRR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.12-3.52) and positive HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) status (aRR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.31-4.89). As a result, we failed to find an association between catastrophic costs and treatment outcomes of RR/MDR-TB patients in the Republic of Moldova. However, we found that patients from poor households and urban areas were twice more likely to achieve unfavourable TB treatment outcomes disregarding whether they experienced catastrophic costs or not. Also, TB/HIV patients and urban residents were identified as the most vulnerable groups with higher risk of unfavourable treatment outcome and TB-related costs.
Factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes among people with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Armenia, 2014-2017
Authors: Khachatryan Lilit , Grigoryan Ruzanna , Dadu Andrei , Kumar Ajay M.V. , Akopyan Kristina , Dumchev Kostyantyn , Harutyunyan Hasmik , Matteelli Alberto
Published: January 2021

Rifampicin-Resistant/Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is recognized as a major public health concern globally. In Armenia, the proportion of RR/MDR-TB is increasing among all people affected with TB. We conducted a nationwide cohort study involving analysis of programmatic data to investigate the rates of and factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes among patients with RR/MDR-TB registered by the national TB programme from 2014 to 2017 in Armenia. We used Cox regression to identify factors associated with the outcome. Among 451 RR/MDR-TB patients, 80% were men and median age was 46 years. Of them, 53 (11.8%) had Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and 132 (29.3%) had pre-XDR-TB. Almost half (224, 49.7%) of the patients had unfavourable treatment outcome, which included 26.8% Loss To Follow-Up (LTFU), 13.3% failures and 9.5% deaths. In multivariable analysis, people with pre-XDR-TB [adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 3.13, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.16-4.55] and XDR-TB (aHR 4.08, 95% CI 2.45-6.79) had a higher risk of unfavourable outcomes. Patients receiving home-based treatment (71/451, 15.7%) and treatment with new drugs (172/451, 38.1%) had significantly lower risk (aHR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.72 and aHR 0.26, 95% CI 0.18-0.39) of unfavourable treatment outcome.  The proportion of MDR-TB patients reaching favourable treatment outcome in Armenia was substantially lower than the recommended level (75%). The most common treatment outcome was LTFU indicating the need for further assessment of underlying determinants. Home-based treatment looks promising and future studies are required to see if expanding it to all RR/MDR-TB patients is feasible and cost-effective.