bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking about quality in qualitative injury prevention research—does having different researchers collect data for the same study impact on the quality of the research?
Authors: Stewart J , Kendrick D , Leighton P
Published: October 2012

Background

In medical/health research it is increasingly recognised that whilst we may build evidence about what works using quantitative methods, we need to use qualitative methods to work out how best to implement it. Qualitative research is increasingly incorporated into injury research, which is frequently carried out by teams, working in different areas of the same country/different countries. However, evidence is emerging that different researchers, collecting data for the same qualitative, study can impact on the quality of the research.

Aim

To explore the impact of different researchers collecting data for the same semi-structured qualitative interview research study being undertaken as part of a large multi-centre programme of injury prevention research in the UK.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews undertaken with researchers working on the study explored what shaped the researchers approach to qualitative interviewing and the diversity of interview techniques. Framework analysis is ongoing.

Results

Data were collected from five researchers. Researchers had different perceptions of what was most important to explore in the interview, took different approaches to what they told participants about themselves whilst interviewing and to checking what the interviewee was saying. Further work includes exploring the outcome of the interviews undertaken by the different researchers assessing the impact on the data collected.

Contribution to the Field

Qualitative research is an emerging method in injury prevention research. Using the example of current injury prevention research, this work offers insights into maintaining/ensuring the quality of qualitative data collected by multiple researchers.
Collecting Road Traffic Injury (RTI) data: barriers and enablers experienced by research personnel
Authors: Shailaja Tetali , Lakshmi Josyula , Shivam Gupta , Gururaj Gopalakrishna
Published: October 2012

Background

Primary and Secondary data pertaining to two risk factors, helmets and alcohol, were collected as part of the Road Safety (RS-10) project in Hyderabad, India. Observational studies, road side interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. Preliminary results indicate low helmet use, presence of drunk driving and poor road infrastructure. We encountered numerous enablers and barriers during data collection.

Objectives

To describe and categorise the experiences faced by the research personnel, during the initial round of Road Traffic Injury (RTI) data collection, in Hyderabad.

Methods

Documentation of research personnel's experiences through field notes, personal discussions, verification of data collection forms, and observation of data collection mechanisms by the chief investigator, through surprise field visits.

Results

Experiences of data collectors were categorised as barriers and enablers.

Barriers included:

(i) Physical environment—heat, rain, dust, risk of injury, traffic noise, pollution through vehicular emissions.

(ii) Administrative—difficulty in accessing different authorities, delays in receiving permissions.

(iii) Operational—gender bias in law enforcement, lack of female police personnel, inter-personal conflicts with road users, incomplete information in secondary data sources.

Enablers were:

(i) Pro-active involvement of some high level government administrators.

(ii) Organised documentation by a medical records officer during hospital surveillance.

(iii) Involvement of a few committed police officers.

Significance

This field based observational study will offer insights to be borne in mind when RTI data collection is planned in similar settings. It offers learnings about accounting for these kinds of barriers and harnessing the enablers during data collection.
A comparative study of mortality data for all causes and unintentional injuries between Japan and other developed countries
Authors: Uchiyama Y , Tanaka T , Ishii H. , Matsuda H , Ikemi Y , Eto T
Published: October 2012

Background

It is true that Japan is one of the lowest infant mortality countries in the world. However unintentional injury is the leading cause of death, as in other developed countries. This trend has been true for more than 30 years, so unintentional injury death has received much attention in Japan recently.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine Japanese mortality data for all causes and unintentional injury among developed countries.

Methods

Compare Japanese mortality data for all causes and unintentional injuries with 13 developed countries, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA. These mortality data are available from World Health Statistics Annual.

Results

As a consequence of comparison, mortality rate for all causes of death among under 1-year-old, 5–14 year olds, 55–64-year-olds, 65–74-year-olds and over 75-year-olds in Japan are almost lowest in these developed countries. However, unintentional injury death rates for these age groups are not so low.

Also, mortality rate for all causes of 1–4-year-olds and unintentional Injury death of under 1-year-old, 55–64-year-olds and 65–74-year-olds in Japan are higher than the average mortality rate of 13 advanced countries.

Significance

These maybe caused by Japanese insufficient emergency care system and structure, and lack of injury prevention materials. Also, it is necessary for Japanese to spread the knowledge of first aid for injury.
Community based Epidemiological study of injury in India
Authors: Verma Pramod Kumar
Published: October 2012

Background

WHO, SEARO sponsored this study to find various epidemiological factors of injury before planning preventive strategies.

Objective

To find various epidemiological factors of injury.

Methods

This is a retrospective 1-year descriptive epidemiological study of various types of injuries among 30 554 population of Delhi.

Results

2232 injuries were observed with Annual incidence Rate (IR) 73.1/1000 population. The injuries were more among under 5 years of age (IR90.7) followed by age group of 5–25 years (48%), 25–45 age group (28%). Males had double incidence (IR94.9) as compared to females (IR47.6). Incidence of injury was more among lower educated group (primary education IR79.6), as compared to educated (postgraduate group IR66.1). Business group most affected (IR95) followed by labour class IR(92.9) and least among housewives (IR52.1). Limbs (IR37.4 lower limbs and IR27.3 upper limbs) were most often injured. Head injuries were more common among fall (179 followed by mechanical injury (36) and homicidal injuries (14). Superficial injuries were most common (IR 51.3) followed by fracture (14.1%) and concealed injuries (13.6%). In case of traffic injuries, crush injuries (96 cases) were more common. Fall (832 cases) was most common followed by traffic injury (680 cases). Both injuries account for 69% of total cases. 69% injuries occurred during routine work, 20.47% during recreation activities, 3.9% due to hurry and 2.4% due to fatigue after work.

Significance

Based on the epidemiology of injury, specific risk population/risk factors can be identified and accordingly preventive measures can be planned for community.
Simplified injury severity scale for developing countries
Authors: Verma Pramod Kumar
Published: October 2012

Background

Incidence of injury widely varies because researcher uses own criteria for including minor/major injury. AIS is not applicable among community/without diagnosis.

Objective

To prepare Simplified Injury Severity Scale (SISS)

Methods

Various severity-related physiological and anatomical variables included and graded according to its effect on severity of injury.

Simplified Injury Severity Scale (SISS): Age of the injured victim: 0–5 year(1), 6–25 years(2), 26–50 years(3),>50 years(4).

Part of the body injured: Limbs(1), Abdomen/Pelvis(3), Thorax/Chest(4), Head/ Neck/ multiple/ whole body(5).

Type of Injury: Superficial(4), Deep(8).

Level of consciousness after injury: Normal(0), dizziness(4), Drowsiness(8), Unconscious(10).

Duration of deterioration of consciousness: Momentary(2), <1 h (4), 1–24 h(8),>24 h (10).

Amount of bleeding after injury/type of treatment/ systolic BP: Minimum bleeding without I/V fluid or>100(0), Moderate bleeding with I/V fluid or 100 to 80(4), Severe bleeding with transfusion or <80(8).

No. of days of hospitalisation/work affected: Nil(0),<1 day(2), 1–3 days(4), 4–7 days(6), 8–15 days(8), 16–30 days(10), >30(12)

Type of treatment availed: Nil(0), Outdoor(2), Indoor(4), Major operation(6), Intensive ward(8).

Outcome after treatment: Normal(0), scarring(2), Disfigurement(4), Disability not affect routine work(6), Disability affect routine work(8), Incapable(10).

Total scoring for injury severity: No Injury(<10), Minor Injury(10–20), Moderate(20–35), Severe(35–50), Critical(50–60), Maximum Injury(>60).

Results

Community based study shows 18% no injury, 41% minor injury, 32% moderate injury, 8% severe injury, 0.5% critical injury and 0.5% maximum injury. 185 injured victims in hospital show 2.7% minor injury, 8.6% moderate injury, 34.6% severe injury, 41.1% critical injury and 13% maximum injury.

Significance

This is very useful in developing countries with the advantage of it being simple, specific and effective.
Burden of fatal and hospitalised injury in Fiji: findings from a population-based injury surveillance system
Authors: Wainiqolo I , Kafoa B , Kool B , Herman J , McCaig E , Ameratunga S
Published: October 2012

Background

Despite estimates indicating high-rates of injuries in low-and middle-income countries, population-based data from Pacific Island nations are scant.

Aim/Objectives/Purpose

To describe the epidemiology of injury-related deaths and hospitalisations in Fiji.

Methods

The Fiji Injury Surveillance in Hospitals (FISH) database prospectively collected data on all injury deaths and primary admissions to hospital (≥12 h stay) in Viti Levu, Fiji during a 12-month period (October 2005–September 2006).

Results/Outcomes

The 2233 injury cases identified corresponded to an annualised incidence rate of 343/100 000. Eighty percent of cases were aged less than 45 years, and males had twice the injury rate of females. Most injuries (73.8%) were unintentional. Among intentional injuries, assaults were highest amongst Fijians and self harm injuries highest amongst Indians. The crude rates of death and hospitalisation were 37.8 and 316 per 100 000 population, respectively. Among the 246 fatalities (71% of whom died before hospitalisation), the leading causes were road traffic injury (28%) and hanging (25%), with the principal injury most commonly noted to be asphyxia or head injury. Among the 2059 hospital admissions, the leading causes were falls (30%) and being struck by a person or object (23%); fractures and open wounds were the commonest types of injury. Alcohol was considered a contributing factor in at least 12% of injury events.

Significance/Contribution to the Field

This study has identified the high risk groups of fatal and serious non-fatal injuries that can guide the development of national strategies and help prioritise monitoring, evaluation and research strategies to address injury hazards and determinants.
Methodological studies on injury comprehensive surveillance
Authors: Wang Y , Wang LH
Published: October 2012

Background

Besides National Injury surveillance System, there are many data system in China can provide information about injury epidemic.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

To explore the method of integrated utilisation of multi injury data resource in China.

Methods

Current surveillance systems, as well as community survey, were used to collect the data about epidemic situation of injury. Mortality, prevalence of hospitalisation caused by injury, prevalence of outpatient caused by injury, and prevalence of injury without clinic treatment, were used to describe the overall view of the epidemic of injury.

Results/Outcomes

Injury Pyramids were generated for the two sites. For Site-1, when there was one death case caused by injury, there would be seven inpatients, 176 outpatients, and 416 injury cases with clinical treatment. For Site-2, when there was one death case caused by injury, there would be 12 inpatients, 103 outpatients, and 352 injury cases without clinical treatment.

Significance/Contribution to the Field

The injury comprehensive surveillance system can be established on the base of National Injury Surveillance System, current death surveillance system, inpatient medical record system, and community survey.
Increasing seat belt use in the Russian context: tailored social marketing campaign and concerted strengthened enforcement
Authors: Zambon F , Hyder A , Ma S , Peden M
Published: October 2012

Background

Seat-belt wearing is the single most effective road safety measure a car occupant can take to prevent deaths and injury. However its use in the Russian Federation remains low.

Aims

To increase seat-belt use in Lipetsk Region (1,2 million inhabitants).

Methods

Under the framework of the projectRoad Safety in 10 Countries,WHO implemented a large social marketing campaign and worked in collaboration with police officers to strengthen enforcement on seat-belt wearing. Qualitative research was conducted to explore the public's motivations behind wearing or not wearing seat-belts. Based on these results, the campaign targeted the following audiences: youth, families and businessmen. For each target group a series of video and radio clips were tested through focus groups under the campaign motto ‘Do not break the line of life’. The social marketing campaign was launched on World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims in 2010 and was followed by a series of public relation initiatives which ran for 40 days and repeated on a regular basis thereafter. During the campaign, enforcement operations by police officers were increased 10-fold compared to pre-campaign measures.

Results

The baseline wearing rates of 56% for drivers and 46% for passengers in October 2010 (pre-campaign measures) reached the level of 65% and 54% in February 2011 and steadily increased afterwards to 75% and 70% in December 2011.

Significance

Tailored campaigns based on sound research in connection with concerted strengthened enforcement by police officers represented a successful way to increase seat-belt use in the Russian context.
External causes of injuries in Tehran, Iran: a household survey
Authors: Zangi M , Mohammadi R , Saadat S
Published: October 2012

Background

Injuries continue to be significant health problems and leading causes of death and disability in many populations.

Aims

A household survey was conducted to determine the external causes of injuries among people living in Tehran, Iran.

Methods

Using cluster random sampling approach, a household survey was conducted in April 2007, seeking information about external causes and severity of injuries occurred within families in past Persian year. External causes were classified according to ICD-10 and analysed using SPSS 16.

Results

Out of 9173 household participants, 765 ones (8.3%) had injuries with male to female ratio of 0.54 : 1 during the past Persian year. Injuries occurred mostly due to ‘exposure to the inanimate mechanical forces’, while the second and third causes were ‘contact with heat or hot substances’ and ‘falls’, respectively. When it comes to required attention injuries, the incidence rate was 175.5 per 10 000 person per year with male to female ratio of 2.37 : 1 and mostly associated with ‘falls’ and ‘transport accidents’. Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces and also burns mostly occurred among middle aged women at home and leaded to open wounds and superficial burns respectively. Young boys were more vulnerable to falls which mostly took place at home and sport places and frequently resulted in superficial injuries and fractures. Traffic accidents mostly took place among middle aged men and leaded to fractures and superficial injuries.

Contribution to the Field

The priority in injury prevention programme should be given based on common external causes and to traffic and home injuries.
Evaluation on Shenzhen primary and secondary school students injury surveillance system
Authors: Zhou L , Wu Y , Wu X
Published: October 2012

Background

Students' injury surveillance is important in injury prevention and control. Therefore, we developed the primary and secondary school students injury surveillance system (PSSSISS) and evaluated it in primary and secondary schools of Shenzhen.

Aims

Aims of this study were to assess PSSSISS in Shenzhen, find out the problems existed in this system, provide feedback to guide injury prevention and intervention, and thus to reduce the injury rate among students.

Methods

A total of 22 schools (11 primary schools, seven junior high schools and four senior high schools) were included into the surveillance during the period 2006–2010. Quality and quantity methods were used to assess PMSSISS. Additionally, Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems was also used as a reference.

Results

Results from PSSSISS showed that injury cumulative incidence in each academic year was between 0.80% and 1.16% from 2006 to 2010 among Shenzhen students. Injury rate of boys was higher than the rate of girls, and 37.52% of injuries occurred in sports. Furthermore, the leading cause of injuries was falls/trips (61.53%) and bone fracture was the leading result caused by injuries (30.91%). Using quality and quantity methods we found that PSSSISS was good in the following aspects: simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, stability and representativeness. However, sensitivity and timeliness of PSSSISS needed to be improved.

Significance

Although PSSSISS has some flaws needed to be improved, it is a feasible and effective injury surveillance system for primary and secondary school students' injury surveillance.
Characteristics concerning to road traffic accident during Songkran festival among population in zone 5, 2004
Authors: Chawananoraset P , Ruansri S , Tagoljit A
Published: October 2012

Background

Songkran festival declared as ‘Family day’ for all Thais. Millions of Thais who live and work in different places will return home and a chance of road traffic accidents.

Aim/Objectives/Purpose

The objective of this descriptive research was to study factors related to road traffic accidents during Songkran festival in 2004.

Methods

Studied population were the injured and the dead from road traffic accidents admitted to six hospitals in Nakornratchasima during 9–18 April 2004. Twenty-eight of the injured were sampled for in-dept interview. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from Injury Surveillance Form and from in-dept interviewing.

Results/Outcomes

The study revealed males were 2–3 times more than females. Age were mostly between 16 and 25-years-old, graduated from secondary school level or lower, occupations were employee, living in municipal area. Results of the accidents, 87.4% were injured and 4.1% passed away, most of them died at the accidental sites. Drivers accounted for 51.5% and 42.8% were passengers. Fifty-one % of motorcycle drivers weren't using helmet. While 96.2% no data of seatbelt fastening. Alcoholic consumption before driving was 9.9%, but 61.0% were not documented. Accidents occurring during 12–14 April 2004 were 42.3%, with maximal occurring on 13 April 2004, the peak hours was 12.00–20.00

Significance/Contribution to the Field

Main factors of road accident during Songkran festival such as disobey of traffic rule. Lack of safety equipment and the critical place and time of the most accident. This factor should be taken as the consideration for the involve authorities to important road safety policy.
Effects of body weight reduction on blood adipokines and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokine mRNA expression profiles in obese ponies
Authors: Ungru J. , Coenen M. , Vervuert I. , Blüher M. , Raila J. , Boston Ray
Published: October 2012

Fifteen obese ponies were used in a body weight (BW) reduction programme (BWRP, daily energy intake: 7.0–8.4 MJ/100 kg BW). A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was used to assess insulin sensitivity. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies of the tail head were obtained for mRNA gene expression profiles of adiponectin, retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and macrophage activation marker (CD68) before and after BWRP. Blood samples were analysed for serum leptin, serum RBP4 and plasma adiponectin. Significant BW losses occurred with 7 MJ DE/100 kg BW. Serum leptin and RBP4 were initially similar between insulin‐resistant (IR) and insulin‐sensitive (IS) ponies, and both significantly decreased during BWRP. Compared with IS ponies, IR ponies initially had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels. At the beginning of BWRP, mRNA expression of RBP4, adiponectin, IL‐6 and CD68 was similar between IR and IS ponies. Plasma adiponectin was strongly related to IR, whereas serum leptin and RBP4 were closely linked to adiposity, independent of insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue mRNA expression profiles did not clearly reflect these differences. However, the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in IR remains open.
A CONVENIENT COORDINATIZATION OF SIEGEL–JACOBI DOMAINS
Authors: BERCEANU STEFAN
Published: October 2012

We determine the homogeneous Kähler diffeomorphism FC which expresses the Kähler two-form on the Siegel–Jacobi ball [Formula: see text] as the sum of the Kähler two-form on ℂn and the one on the Siegel ball [Formula: see text]. The classical motion and quantum evolution on [Formula: see text] determined by a hermitian linear Hamiltonian in the generators of the Jacobi group [Formula: see text] are described by a matrix Riccati equation on [Formula: see text] and a linear first-order differential equation in z ∈ ℂn, with coefficients depending also on [Formula: see text]. Hn denotes the (2n+1)-dimensional Heisenberg group. The system of linear differential equations attached to the matrix Riccati equation is a linear Hamiltonian system on [Formula: see text]. When the transform FC : (η, W) → (z, W) is applied, the first-order differential equation in the variable [Formula: see text] becomes decoupled from the motion on the Siegel ball. Similar considerations are presented for the Siegel–Jacobi upper half plane [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the Siegel upper half plane.
NEW LIMITS ON TOP SQUARK NLSP FROM ATLAS 4.7 fb-1 DATA
Authors: CHOUDHURY ARGHYA , DATTA AMITAVA
Published: October 2012

Using the ATLAS 4.7 fb-1 data on new physics search in the jets + [Formula: see text] channel, we obtain new limits on the lighter top squark [Formula: see text] considering all its decay modes assuming that it is the next to lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP). If the decay [Formula: see text] dominates and the production of dark matter relic density is due to NLSP–lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) co-annihilation then the lower limit on [Formula: see text] is 240 GeV. The limit changes to 200 GeV if the decay [Formula: see text] dominates. Combining these results it follows that [Formula: see text] NLSP induced baryogenesis is now constrained more tightly.
VACANCY MECHANISM OF MELTING AND SURFACE ROUGHENING OF METAL NANOPARTICLES
Authors: BORISYUK P. V. , PUSHKIN M. A. , TRONIN I. V. , TROYAN V. I. , VASILIEV O. S.
Published: October 2012

Within the limits of the uniform approach with the assistance of the vacancy mechanism the description of melting and surface roughening of both free nanoparticles and nanoparticles deposited on the surface of solid body under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium is offered. Surface roughening of a spherical particle is represented as a phase transition in vacancy subsystem, in which supersaturation is formed by reducing the particle size. It is shown that interaction between vacancies result in to the unification of vacancies on a surface in vacancy clusters, that can be regarded as the appearance of a surface roughness of nanoparticles. It is shown that increasing concentration of vacancies caused by the modification of effective vacancy formation energy with decreasing sizes of nanoparticles result into a modification of shear modulus of material. By vanishing the shear modulus (Born criteria of melting) the dependence of temperature of fusion of nanoparticles of different metals on radius was determined.
A NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR IMAGE ENCRYPTION BASED ON COUPLE CHAOTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: WANG XING-YUAN , WANG TIAN
Published: October 2012

In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on couple multiple chaotic systems is presented. It made the one-dimensional Coupled Map Lattice (CML) formed by Skew Tent map as spatiotemporal chaotic system and made its output sequence as the initial value of logistic and meanwhile did iterative of specific times to get the final key sequence, and then did XOR operations with corresponding pixels to finish the encryption. Numerical analysis expresses that this algorithm has large enough space and high security.
PROJECTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF FRACTIONAL ORDER CHAOTIC SYSTEMS BASED ON STATE OBSERVER
Authors: WANG XING-YUAN , HU ZUN-WEN
Published: October 2012

Based on the stability theory of fractional order systems and the pole placement technique, this paper designs a synchronization scheme with the state observer method and achieves the projective synchronization of a class of fractional order chaotic systems. Taking an example for the fractional order unified system by using this observer controller, and numerical simulations of fractional order Lorenz-like system, fractional order Lü system and fractional order Chen system are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
EFFECTS OF SPIN ON THE GROUND-STATE ENERGY OF STRONG-COUPLED BOUND MAGNETOPOLARON IN AN ASYMMETRIC QUANTUM DOT
Authors: LI ZHI-XIN , XIAO JING-LIN
Published: October 2012

The properties of a strong-coupled bound magnetopolaron in an asymmetric quantum dot (QD) have been investigated by using the Tokuda modified linear combination operator and the unitary transformation methods on the basis of the Huybrechts' strong-coupled model. We derive the expressions of the ground-state energy as function of the transverse and longitudinal confinement lengths, the magnetic field. Numerical calculation is performed and the results show that the ground-state energy of the bound magnetopolaron splits into two branches, taking into account the spin influences. And the ground-state energy decreases with increasing the transverse and longitudinal confinement lengths and increases with the rising of the magnetic field.
PREPARATION OF C60 BY DETONATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: WEI XIANFENG , HAN YONG , LONG XINPING
Published: October 2012

A mixture of TNT (Trinitrotoluene) and natural graphite was detonated in a vacuum container which was immersed into cooling water; detonation products were collected for detecting. The results of mass spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography showed significant signals of C 60, which proved that C 60 could be synthesized by detonating the mixture of TNT/graphite and the detonation pressure was around 12.3 GPa and the detonation temperature was around 1985 K.
ANALYSIS OF A COMPLEX NETWORK OF PHYSICS CONCEPTS
Authors: KIM HYUN-JOO
Published: October 2012

We construct the physics concepts network in which the physics concepts is considered as nodes. We find that this network is clearly not a random network but a scale-free network in which the distribution P(k) of the degree k follows a power law, P(k) ~ k-γ with exponent γ ≈ 2.41. The relevance between the physics concepts and the important concepts are studied by measuring the degree, the betweenness centrality, and the relevance strength and we find that the energy concept is most important. Also we find that the relevance strength s(k) as a function of the degree k exhibits a power-law behavior, s(k) ~ kα with the exponent α ≈ 0.15 and s(knn) as a function of the average neighbor's degree knn follows a power-law behavior, [Formula: see text] with the exponent δ ≈ 0.17 for small knn. We also measured the other quantities which describe the topological properties of the network and find that it has the hierarchical property and tree-like patterns.
QUANTUM FLUCTUATION DISSIPATION THEOREM REVISITED: REMARKS AND CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: REGGIANI L. , SHIKTOROV P. , STARIKOV E. , GRUŽINSKIS V.
Published: October 2012

The quantum fluctuation dissipation theorem (QFDT) in the Callen–Welton [ Phys. Rev.83 (1951) 34] form is critically revisited. We show that the role of the system eigenvalues is in general not correctly accounted for by the accepted form of the QFDT. As a consequence, a series of quantum results claimed in the literature, like the presence of zero point fluctuations, the violation of the quantum regression hypothesis, the non-white spectrum of the Langevin force, etc. emerge as a consequence of an incorrect application of the theorem. In this context the case of the single harmonic oscillator is illustrated as a typical example where the accepted form of the QFDT is proven to fail.
STOCHASTIC FRACTIONAL EQUATIONS ASSOCIATED TO EULER TOP SYSTEM
Authors: IVAN GHEORGHE , OPRIŞ DUMITRU , IVAN MIHAI
Published: October 2012

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the stochastic fractional differential equations associated to Euler top system. The numerical integration for the stochastic fractional model associated to Euler top system is presented.
WEYL STRUCTURES ON ALMOST PARACONTACT MANIFOLDS
Authors: BEJAN CORNELIA-LIVIA , CHIRIAC NOVAC-CLAUDIU
Published: October 2012

We introduce a new covariant differential A∇ adapted to an almost paracontact structure. We prove its relation with a Weyl structure and give some necessary and sufficient conditions for its harmonicity. We also characterize the P-Sasakian condition in terms of A∇.
ALMOST CONTACT 3-MANIFOLDS AND RICCI SOLITONS
Authors: CHO JONG TAEK
Published: October 2012

A Kenmotsu 3-manifold M admitting a Ricci soliton (g, w) with a transversal potential vector field w (orthogonal to the Reeb vector field) is of constant sectional curvature -1. A cosymplectic 3-manifold admitting a Ricci soliton with the Reeb potential vector field or a transversal vector field is of constant sectional curvature 0.
SYMPLECTIC STRUCTURES AND HAMILTONIAN FUNCTIONS CORRESPONDING TO A SYSTEM OF ODES
Authors: TORRES DEL CASTILLO G. F. , GALINDO-LINARES E.
Published: October 2012

It is shown that, given a system of 2n first-order (or of n second-order) ODEs, there exists an infinite number of symplectic structures and Hamiltonian functions such that the corresponding Hamilton equations are locally equivalent to the given system of equations, without restrictions analogous to the Helmholtz conditions.
VARIATIONALLY EQUIVALENT PROBLEMS AND VARIATIONS OF NOETHER CURRENTS
Authors: FRANCAVIGLIA MAURO , PALESE MARCELLA , WINTERROTH EKKEHART
Published: October 2012

We consider systems of local variational problems defining nonvanishing cohomology classes. Symmetry properties of the Euler–Lagrange expressions play a fundamental role since they introduce a cohomology class which adds up to Noether currents; they are related with invariance properties of the first variation, thus with the vanishing of a second variational derivative. In particular, we prove that the conserved current associated with a generalized symmetry, assumed to be also a symmetry of the variation of the corresponding local inverse problem, is variationally equivalent to the variation of the strong Noether current for the corresponding local system of Lagrangians. This current is conserved and a sufficient condition will be identified in order that such a current be global.
ON DUAL HOLOMORPHIC B-TYPE HESSIAN METRICS
Authors: GEZER AYDIN , KARAMAN CAGRI
Published: October 2012

The main purpose of the present paper is to construct some B-type Hessian manifolds.
ON THE COMPUTATION OF STAR PRODUCTS
Authors: BRATCHIKOV A. V.
Published: October 2012

The problem of finding a generic star product on ℝn is reduced to the computation of a skew-symmetric biderivation.
THE RELLICH LEMMA ON COMPACT ABELIAN GROUPS AND EQUATIONS OF INFINITE ORDER
Authors: GÓRKA PRZEMYSŁAW , KOSTRZEWA TOMASZ , REYES ENRIQUE G.
Published: October 2012

Partially motivated by a class of nonlinear equations of interest for string theory, cosmology and p-adic analysis, we continue our research on Sobolev spaces on arbitrary locally compact abelian (LCA) groups. In this paper we focus on an analog for LCA groups of the classical Rellich compactness theorem. As an application, we prove the existence of continuous solutions to a generalized Euclidean bosonic string equation posed on a compact abelian group.
RIEMANN SURFACES AND VERTEX OPERATOR ALGEBRAS
Authors: BUGAJSKA K. M.
Published: October 2012

We show that for any fixed point P0 on a Riemann surface Σ the distinct realizations of cocycles in [Formula: see text] correspond to the natural appearances of the standard Heisenberg vertex operator algebra Π(P0) and to the commutative Heisenberg vertex operator algebra Π0(P0), respectively.
A HAMILTON–JACOBI THEORY FOR SINGULAR LAGRANGIAN SYSTEMS IN THE SKINNER AND RUSK SETTING
Authors: DE LEÓN MANUEL , DE DIEGO DAVID MARTÍN , VAQUERO MIGUEL
Published: October 2012

We develop a Hamilton–Jacobi theory for singular Lagrangian systems in the Skinner–Rusk formalism. Comparisons with the Hamilton–Jacobi problem in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian settings are discussed.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CONJECTURE FOR THE MOTION ON THE SIEGEL–JACOBI DISK
Authors: BERCEANU STEFAN
Published: October 2012

We find the homogeneous Kähler diffeomorphism FC which expresses the Kähler two-form on the Siegel–Jacobi domain [Formula: see text] as the sum of the Kähler two-form on ℂ and the one on the Siegel ball [Formula: see text]. The classical motion and quantum evolution on [Formula: see text] determined by a linear Hamiltonian in the generators of the Jacobi group [Formula: see text] is described by a Riccati equation on [Formula: see text] and a linear first-order differential equation in z ∈ ℂ, where H1 denotes the three-dimensional Heisenberg group. When the transformation FC is applied, the first-order differential equation for the variable z ∈ ℂ decouples of the motion on the Siegel disk. Similar considerations are presented for the Siegel–Jacobi space [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the Siegel upper half-plane.
ON MASS GAP IN TYPE IIB QUANTUM HALL SOLITONS
Authors: BELHAJ A. , KHAN M. J. I. , SAIDI E. H. , SEGUI A.
Published: October 2012

We discuss the mass gap in quantum Hall solitons embedded in superstring theory. In particular, we give two holographic models which are obtained from D-brane configurations in type IIB superstring compactifications. The first one deals with the monolayered system in the D3/D7 brane set up. The second model corresponds to a multilayered system which is described by intersecting D5-branes wrapping a particular set of 3-cycles. In both models, we have shown that the mass gap is related to the filling factor.
Synthesis and evaluation of cationic bacteriochlorin amphiphiles with effective in vitro photodynamic activity against cancer cells at low nanomolar concentration
Authors: Sharma Sulbha K. , Krayer Michael , Sperandio Felipe F. , Huang Liyi , Huang Ying-Ying , Holten Dewey , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: October 2012

Bacteriochlorins are attractive candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their intense absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum where light transmission through tissue is maximal. Many naturally occurring bacteriochlorins are inherently unstable due to adventitious atmospheric oxidation. A de novo synthesis affords bacteriochlorins that contain a geminal dimethyl group in each reduced pyrrole ring to increase stability against oxidation. Here, three new synthetic bacteriochlorins, each bearing a single side-chain containing one or two positive charges, were investigated for their in vitro PDT activity against HeLa human cancer cells. All bacteriochlorins were active at low nanomolar concentration when activated with NIR light; those bearing a single positive charge exhibited faster uptake and higher activity. The bacteriochlorins were localized in mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum as shown by organelle specific fluorescent probes. Cell death was via apoptosis as shown by cell morphology and nuclear condensation. Taken together, the results show the importance of appropriate peripheral groups about a photosensitizer for effective PDT applications.
Formation of CoAl2O4 Nanoparticles via Low‐Temperature Solid‐State Reaction of Fine Gibbsite and Cobalt Precursor
Authors: Srisawad Natpakan , Chaitree Wasu , Mekasuwandumrong Okorn , Praserthdam Piyasan , Panpranot Joongjai
Published: October 2012

Nanocrystalline cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) was synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method with cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2 · 6H2O) as the source of Co and gibbsite (Al(OH)3) as the source of Al, respectively. The effects of particle size of the starting fine gibbsite (0.6 and 13 μm) and calcination temperatures (450, 550, and 650°C) on the properties of CoAl2O4 were investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Increasing of calcination temperature promoted the insertion amounts of Co2+ in alumina matrix in CoAl2O4 structure, which resulted in the brighter blue particles and increasing of UV spectra band. The lowest temperature for the formation of nanocrystalline CoAl2O4 particles was 550°C for the solid‐state reaction of cobalt chloride and 0.6 μm fine gibbsite.
Hepatitis C Virus: A Critical Appraisal of New Approaches to Therapy
Authors: Nelson David R. , Jensen Donald M. , Sulkowski Mark S. , Everson Greg , Fried Michael W. , Gordon Stuart C. , Jacobson Ira , Reau Nancy S. , Sherman Kenneth , Terrault Nora , Thomas David
Published: October 2012

The HCV council 2011 convened 11 leading clinicians and researchers in hepatitis C virus from academic medical centers in the United States to provide a forum for the practical and comprehensive evaluation of current data regarding best practices for integrating new direct-acting antiviral agents into existing treatment paradigms. The council investigated 10 clinical practice statements related to HCV treatment that reflect key topical areas. Faculty members reviewed and discussed the data related to each statement, and voted on the nature of the evidence and their level of support for each statement. In this new era of DAAs, a comprehensive and critical analysis of the literature is needed to equip clinicians with the knowledge necessary to design, monitor, and modify treatment regimens in order to optimize patient outcomes.
The Genetic Polymorphisms of HLA Are Strongly Correlated with the Disease Severity after Hantaan Virus Infection in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Ma Ying , Yuan Bin , Yi Jing , Zhuang Ran , Wang Jiuping , Zhang Yun , Xu Zhuwei , Zhang Yusi , Liu Bei , Wei Chao , Zhang Chunmei , Yang Angang , Jin Boquan
Published: October 2012

The polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), which is a genetic factor that influences the progression of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) after Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection, was incompletely understood. In this case-control study, 76 HFRS patients and 370 healthy controls of the Chinese Han population were typed for the HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 loci. The general variation at the HLA-DRB1 locus was associated with the onset of HFRS (P<0.05). The increasing frequencies of HLA-DRB1*09 and HLA-B*46-DRB1*09 in HFRS patients were observed as reproducing a previous study. Moreover, the HLA-B*51-DRB1*09 was susceptible to HFRS (P=0.037; OR=3.62; 95% CI: 1.00–13.18). The increasing frequencies of HLA-B*46, HLA-B*46-DRB1*09, and HLA-B*51-DRB1*09 were observed almost in severe/critical HFRS patients. The mean level of maximum serum creatinine was higher in HLA-B*46-DRB1*09 (P=0.011), HLA-B*51-DRB1*09 (P=0.041), or HLA-B*46 (P=0.011) positive patients than that in the negative patients. These findings suggest that the allele HLA-B*46 and haplotypes HLA-B*46-DRB1*09 and HLA-B*51-DRB1*09 in patients could contribute to a more severe degree of HFRS and more serious kidney injury, which improve our understanding of the HLA polymorphism for a different outcome of HTNV infection.
Peritoneal Mullerian Tumor-Like (Endosalpingiosis-Leiomyomatosis Peritoneal): A Hardly Known Entity
Authors: Bermejo Rosa , Gómez Alicia , Galiana Nuria , Campos Antonio , Puente Rebeca , Bas Ernesto , Díaz-Caneja Carmen
Published: October 2012

We describe a case of multiple peritoneal nodules with cysts at the free border of the omento and other locations of the peritoneal surfaces. A total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy were performed for a myomatous uterus and bilateral ovarian cysts. The omentum and several fragments of the abdominal peritoneum were also removed. Microscopic diagnosis was Disseminated Peritoneal Endosalpingiosis-Leiomyomatosis.
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus on Electroencephalography: An Atypical Presentation of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in Two Children
Authors: Singhi Pratibha , Saini Arushi Gahlot , Sahu Jitendra Kumar
Published: October 2012

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a neurodegenerative disease secondary to measles infection that usually has a typical presentation with progressive myoclonia, cognitive decline, and periodic slow-wave complexes on electroencephalography. We report two pediatric cases who presented with periodic myoclonic jerks and cognitive decline. In both cases, the electroencephalogram showed continuous nonconvulsive status epilepticus activity. Both had elevated measles antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Pediatricians need to be aware of this atypical presentation of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Bojesodok-eum, a Herbal Prescription, Ameliorates Acute Inflammation in Association with the Inhibition of NF-κB-Mediated Nitric Oxide and ProInflammatory Cytokine Production
Authors: Sohn Kook Ho , Jo Mi Jeong , Cho Won Joon , Lee Jong Rok , Cho Il Je , Kim Sang Chan , Kim Young Woo , Jee Seon Young
Published: October 2012

Bojesodok-eum(BSE) is a herbal prescription consisting ofCoptidis RhizomaandScutellariae Radixas main components. This paper investigated the effects of BSE on the induction of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), and proinflammatory cytokines that are caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophage cell line and on the paw edema formation in animals. Administration of BSE (0.3 g/kg and 1 g/kg) in rats significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema formation, as did dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory positive control drug. In cell model, treatment of BSE decreased the production of NO and PGE2in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. BSE also inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein as well as COX activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, BSE suppressed the ability of LPS to produce TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. LPS treatment induced nuclear NF-κB level and I-κBαphosphorylation, which were inhibited subsequent treatment of BSE, suggesting its repression of LPS-inducible NF-κB activation. BSE abrogated the induction of NO, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS as mediated with NF-κB inhibition.
Carcinoid Tumor in a Mature Thymic Teratoma: A Rare Type of Extra Cardiac Mass
Authors: Zanini Gregoriana , Chiudinelli Mariella , Bercich Luisa , Pelati Alessandra , Bortolotti Monica , Pasini Gian Franco
Published: October 2012

We describe the case of a young female affected by a thymus teratoma coexisting with carcinoid tumor.
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Findings in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Akahori Yoichiro , Masuyama Hisashi , Masumoto Yumi , Hiramatsu Yuji
Published: October 2012

Introduction. The objective is to report a case of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) diagnosed by detailed observations using three-dimensional sonography.Case Report. A 33-year-old healthy multipara was referred to our hospital at 34-week gestation after severe fetal growth restriction, congenital heart anomaly, and antebrachium abnormality were diagnosed during the third trimester. Further sonography diagnosis on cardiac abnormalities diagnosed the existence of ventricular septal defect in the outflow tract, atrioventricularis communis, and truncus arteriosus communis where the pulmonary artery branched from the common arterial trunk. As for abnormalities of the forearms, ectrodactylia and monodactylism were suspected and the abnormalities were observed sterically by using three-dimensional sonography. A 1986 g (1.07 percentile) male newborn was delivered by assisted breech extraction at 37-week gestation. After birth, from characteristic facies including bushy eyebrow, broad nasal bridge, micrognathia, and abnormalities of the forearms (ectrodactylia and monodactylism), the case was diagnosed with CdLS.Conclusion. Through detailed observation including abnormalities of fingers, we could exemplify this very rare disease as an antenatal diagnoses for fetal growth retardation.
A Case of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Carcinoma That Responded to Temozolomide Treatment
Authors: Morokuma Haruko , Ando Takao , Hayashida Takuya , Horie Ichiro , Inoshita Naoko , Murata Fumi , Ueki Ikuko , Nakamura Kan , Imaizumi Misa , Usa Toshiro , Kawakami Atsushi
Published: October 2012

Pituitary carcinoma is a rare malignancy and is difficult to manage. Pituitary carcinomas commonly produce either PRL or ACTH, but some do not produce pituitary hormones. The alkylating reagent temozolomide (TMZ) was recently shown to be effective as a treatment for pituitary carcinoma. Most of the published reports of TMZ use in pituitary carcinoma cases were against hormone-producing carcinomas. Only a few patients with a nonfunctioning pituitary carcinoma treated with TMZ have been reported. Here we describe our treatment of a patient with nonfunctioning pituitary carcinoma and a background of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. The pituitary carcinoma was accompanied by meningeal dissemination with cerebral and L1 spinal bone metastasis. The patient received continuous dosing of TMZ along with external radiation, followed by standard dosing of TMZ. There was an apparent antitumor response seen in MRI. MGMT, an enzyme antagonized by TMZ, was negative in the tumor. The therapeutic efficacy of TMZ and dosing schedules of TMZ in pituitary carcinoma are discussed.