bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and development of trabecular structure in the calcaneus of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) reflects locomotor behavior, life history, and neuromuscular development
Authors: Saers Jaap P. P. , Gordon Adam D. , Ryan Timothy M. , Stock Jay T.
Published: February 2022

Bone structure dynamically adapts to its mechanical environment throughout ontogeny by altering the structure of trabecular bone, the three‐dimensional mesh‐like structure found underneath joint surfaces. Trabecular structure, then, can provide a record of variation in loading directions and magnitude; and in ontogenetic samples, it can potentially be used to track developmental shifts in limb posture. We aim to broaden the analysis of trabecular bone ontogeny by incorporating interactions between ontogenetic variation in locomotor repertoire, neuromuscular maturation, and life history. We examine the associations between these variables and age‐related variation in trabecular structure in the calcaneus of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We used high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography scanning to image the calcaneus in a cross‐sectional sample of 34 juvenileM. fuscataaged between 0 and 7 years old at the Primate Research Institute, Japan. We calculated whole bone averages of standard trabecular properties and generated whole‐bone morphometric maps of bone volume fraction and Young’s modulus. Trabecular structure becomes increasingly heterogeneous in older individuals. Bone volume fraction (BV/total volume [TV]) decreases during the first month of life and increases afterward, coinciding with the onset of independent locomotion inM. fuscata. At birth, primary Young’s modulus is oriented orthogonal to the ossification center, but after locomotor onset bone structure becomes stiffest in the direction of joint surfaces and muscle attachments. Age‐related variation in bone volume fraction is best predicted by an interaction between the estimated percentage of adult brain size, body mass, and locomotor onset. To explain our findings, we propose a model where interactions between age‐related increases in body weight and maturation of the neuromuscular system alter the loading environment of the calcaneus, to which the internal trabecular structure dynamically adapts. This model cannot be directly tested based on our cross‐sectional data. However, confirmation of the model by longitudinal experiments and in multiple species would show that trabecular structure can be used both to infer behavior from fossil morphology and serve as a valuable proxy for neuromuscular maturation and life history events like locomotor onset and the achievement of an adult‐like gait. This approach could significantly expand our knowledge of the biology and behavior of fossil species.
Von Economo neurons: Cellular specialization of human limbic cortices?
Authors: González‐Acosta Carlos A. , Ortiz‐Muñoz Daniela , Becerra‐Hernández Lina V. , Casanova Manuel F. , Buriticá Efraín
Published: February 2022

Von Economo neurons (VENs) have been mentioned in the medical literature since the second half of the 19th century; however, it was not until the second decade of the 20th century that their cytomorphology was described in detail. To date, VENs have been found in limbic sectors of the frontal, temporal and insular lobes. In humans, their density seems to decrease in the caudo‐rostral and ventro‐dorsal direction; that is, from the anterior regions of the cingulate and insular cortices towards the frontal pole and the superior frontal gyrus. Several studies have provided similar descriptions of the shape of the VEN soma, but the size of the soma varies from one cortical region to another. There is consensus among different authors about the selective vulnerability of VENs in certain pathologies, in which a deterioration of the capacities involved in social behaviour is observed. In this review, we propose that the restriction of VENs towards the sectors linked to limbic information processing in Homo sapiens gives them a possible functional role in relation to the structures in which they are located. However, given the divergence in characteristics such as location, density, size and biochemical profile among VENs of different cortical sectors, the activities in which they participate could allow them to partake in a wide spectrum of neurological functions, including autonomic responses and executive functions.
Pandemics and consumers' mental well‐being
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2022

This article presents the immense impact that pandemics can have specifically on consumers' mental well‐being, extending many of the well‐being topics examined in this special issue on pandemics and consumer well‐being. Avenues for future research in the area are suggested, with expanded discussion and future research suggestions related to four consumer characteristics including three areas associated with negative mental well‐being (parenthood, suffering with chronic illness, aging, and family) as well as another characteristic associated with positive mental well‐being (religion). The article concludes with a pressing call to action for academics and others to step up to the purpose in their careers and make a difference in the world for good in relation to consumers' mental well‐being.
Classification of stillbirth by the International Classification of Diseases for Perinatal Mortality using a sequential approach: A 20‐year retrospective study from Thailand
Authors: Taweevisit Mana , Nimitpanya Panachai , Thorner Paul S.
Published: February 2022

Aim

The International Classification of Diseases for Perinatal Mortality (ICD‐PM) is a system for recording causes of perinatal death. In this system, placental pathology is considered a “maternal condition” and this category does not cover the spectrum of placental pathology that can impact on perinatal death. The aim of the study was to apply a wider spectrum of placental pathology as a separate parameter for classifying death in the ICD‐PM.

Methods

All autopsy reports at a single institution over a 20‐year period (2001–2020) were reviewed. Causes of stillbirth were analyzed in a sequential manner: step 1, clinical history and laboratory results; step 2, placenta; and step 3, autopsy; and classified at each step according to the ICD‐PM.

Results

The review identified 330 cases, including 126 antepartum and 204 intrapartum deaths. Step 1 identified a cause in 176 (86%) intrapartum deaths and 64 (51%) antepartum deaths. The addition of placental pathology (step 2) changed the cause of death in 12% of cases, with causes now identified in 190 (93%) intrapartum and 89 (71%) antepartum deaths. Adding step 3 did not identify any additional causes of death.

Conclusion

The accuracy of the ICD‐PM classification is dependent on the data available. Placental pathology made a significant difference in assigning causes of death in our series, stressing the importance of placental examination. Determination of the cause of death based on clinical history and laboratory data alone may be inaccurate, and less useful for comparative studies and planning prenatal care.
Exploring the needs and coping strategies of New Zealand parents in the neonatal environment
Authors: Dodge Andrew , Gibson Charlotte , Williams Matt , Ross Kirsty
Published: February 2022

Aim

Having an infant admitted to a neonatal care facility can be highly distressing for parents given the fragile state of their child and the often‐unfamiliar environment. This study aimed to explore the needs and coping strategies of parents in this setting.

Methods

An online qualitative survey was used to explore the needs of parents who had a child discharged from a New Zealand neonatal unit in the past 12 months. A total of 394 parents participated in the study (387 mothers, 5 fathers), providing 970 responses across three open‐ended questions examining their needs, unmet needs and coping strategies. The study included participants across both neonatal intensive care units and special care baby units, with prematurity (47%) the most common reason for admission. An inductive form of thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Four themes were developed that capture the needs and coping strategies expressed by parents in this study: communication and information; physical contact and access to the baby; emotional and non‐medical support; and involvement, autonomy and respect.

Conclusions

The themes developed largely centre around the struggle parents face when confronting the uncertainty of the neonatal environment and the difficulty in establishing their parental role. Parental distress may be reduced through communicating accurate information regularly and providing empathetic understanding, while opportunities for physical contact and involvement may assist in raising parental confidence and scaffolding the journey to independent care of their infant.
Active learning structural model updating of a multisensory system based on Kriging method and Bayesian inference
Authors: Yuan Ye , Au Francis T. K. , Yang Dong , Zhang Jing
Published: February 2022

Model updating techniques are often applied to calibrate the numerical models of bridges using structural health monitoring data. The updated models can facilitate damage assessment and prediction of responses under extreme loading conditions. Some researchers have adopted surrogate models, for example, Kriging approach, to reduce the computations, while others have quantified uncertainties with Bayesian inference. It is desirable to further improve the efficiency and robustness of the Kriging‐based model updating approach and analytically evaluate its uncertainties. An active learning structural model updating method is proposed based on the Kriging method. The expected feasibility learning function is extended for model updating using a Bayesian objective function. The uncertainties can be quantified through a derived likelihood function. The case study for verification involves a multisensory vehicle‐bridge system comprising only two sensors, with one installed on a vehicle parked temporarily on the bridge and another mounted directly on the bridge. The proposed algorithm is utilized for damage detection of two beams numerically and an aluminum model beam experimentally. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory accuracy in identifying damage with much less data, compared with the general Kriging model updating technique. Both the computation and instrumentation can be reduced for structural health monitoring and model updating.
The perspective‐sensitivity of presuppositions
Authors: Abrusán Márta
Published: February 2022

Presuppositions are perspective‐sensitive: They may be evaluated with respect to the beliefs of a salient protagonist. This happens not only in well‐known cases of perspective shift such as free indirect discourse, but also when the perspective shift is less obvious, but still present, such as in examples of so‐called protagonist projection. In this paper, I show that this simple observation explains many puzzling facts noted in connection with presuppositions over the last 50 years, concerning, for example, emotive and cognitive factives, temporal clauses, and reason clauses.
Nitrogen fertilisation disrupts the temporal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae but not spore density and community composition in a wheat field
Authors: Babalola Busayo Joshua , Li Jing , Willing Claire Elizabeth , Zheng Yong , Wang Yong‐Long , Gan Hui‐Yun , Li Xing‐Chun , Wang Cong , Adams Catharine A. , Gao Cheng , Guo Liang‐Dong
Published: February 2022

Elucidating the temporal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is critical for understanding their functions. Furthermore, research investigating the temporal dynamics of AM fungi in response to agricultural practices remains in its infancy.

We investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilisation and watering reduction on the temporal dynamics of AM fungi, across the lifespan of wheat.

Nitrogen fertilisation decreased AM fungal spore density (SD), extraradical hyphal density (ERHD), and intraradical colonisation rate (IRCR) in both watering conditions. Nitrogen fertilisation affected AM fungal community composition in soil but not in roots, regardless of watering conditions. The temporal analysis revealed that AM fungal ERHD and IRCR were higher under conventional watering and lower under reduced watering in March than in other growth stages at low (≤ 70 kg N ha−1 yr−1) but not at high (≥ 140) nitrogen fertilisation levels. AM fungal SD was lower in June than in other growth stages and community composition varied with plant development at all nitrogen fertilisation levels, regardless of watering conditions.

This study demonstrates that high nitrogen fertilisation levels disrupt the temporal dynamics of AM fungal hyphal growth but not sporulation and community composition.
Investigating target refraction advice provided to cataract surgery patients by UK optometrists and ophthalmologists
Authors: Charlesworth Emily , Alderson Alison J , Fylan Fiona , Armstrong Richard A , Chandra Aman , Elliott David B
Published: February 2022

Purpose

To determine whether UK optometrists and ophthalmologists provide target refraction advice to patients prior to cataract surgery, and when this should first be discussed.

Methods

Optometrists and ophthalmologists were asked to complete a survey of two clinical vignettes (both older patients with cataract; a pre‐operative myope who routinely read without glasses and a patient using a monovision approach), plus multiple choice and short answer questions either using hard copy or online.

Results

Responses were obtained from 437 optometrists and 50 ophthalmologists. Optometrists who reported they would provide target refraction advice were more experienced (median 22 years) than those who would leave this to the Hospital Eye Service (median 10 years). The former group reported it was in the patients’ best interest to make an informed decision as they had seen many myopic patients who read uncorrected pre‐operatively, and were unhappy that they could no longer do so after surgery. Inexperienced optometrists reported that they did not want to overstep their authority and left the decision to the ophthalmologist. The ophthalmologists estimated their percentage of emmetropic target refractions over the last year to have been 90%.

Conclusion

Currently, some long‐term myopes become dissatisfied after cataract surgery due to an emmetropic target refraction that leaves them unable to read without glasses as they did prior to surgery. Although experienced optometrists are aware of this and attempt to discuss this issue with patients, less experienced optometrists tend not to. This suggests that target refraction needs greater exposure in university training and continuing professional development. To provide patients with the knowledge to make informed decisions regarding their surgery, we suggest an agreed protocol within funded direct referral schemes of initial target refraction discussions by optometrists to introduce the idea of refractive outcomes and outline options, with further discussion with the ophthalmologist to clarify understanding.
Effect of Modified Allgöwer–Donati Suture Technique on Wound Cosmetics in Spinal Surgery
Authors: Li Erliang , Zhang Tong , Ma Qiong , Yan Kang , Zhang Xueliang , Wang Wenji , Liao Bo
Published: February 2022

Objective

To analyze the efficacy of modified Allgöwer–Donati suture (MADS) technique on cosmetic outcomes compared with vertical mattress suture (VMS) technique in spinal surgery wounds.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University (Gansu, China) from September 2019 to August 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, a VMS group and a MADS group, by staff not involved in the treatment using a computer‐based random number table program (no restrictions on age or sex). Both procedures were performed by the same group of physicians as well as assistants. All suture wounds were completed by the same person. The primary endpoint was the scar area, and the postoperative scar area was scored by the Patient and Observer Scar Scale Assessment (POSAS). The scar area was calculated by ImageJ software. The second outcome measure was wound complications, including poor wound healing, wound edge necrosis, and infection. The trial was recorded in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register on 18 August 2019 (ChiCTR1900024548).

Results

A total of 143 patients were included: 72 in the VMS group and 71 in the MADS group. There was no significant difference in their demographics in terms of age (49.71 ± 8.91 vs 50.15 ± 6.79 years, P = 0.737), sex (M/F, 30/41 vs 31/41, P = 0.923), suture time (3.39 ± 0.22 vs 3.47 ± 0.25 s/mm, P = 0.057), or body mass index (BMI, 23.88 ± 3.50 vs 24.05 ± 3.50, P = 0.765) for MADS to VMS. The postoperative scar area was compared between the two groups transversely on day 12, the MADS wound scars decreased by 58.95% (75,133.24/127,452.58). In the POSAS evaluation, after MADS treatment, surface area score decreased from 5 (4, 5) to 2 (2, 3) (P < 0.0001), observer's overall opinion from 5 (4, 5) to 3 (2, 3) (P < 0.0001), itching from 3 (3, 4) to 3 (2, 3) (P = 0.001), color from 4 (4, 5) to 3 (2–4) (P < 0.0001), stiffness 4 (3–4.75) to 3 (3, 4) (P < 0.0001), or thickness from 4 (3–5) to 4 (3, 4) (P = 0.004). In terms of overall opinion evaluation, the MADS showed a significant difference in observer's overall opinion to the VMS (5 (4, 5) vs 3 (2, 3), P < 0.0001) and in patient's overall opinion 5 (5, 6) to 3 (3, 4), (P < 0.0001). There was no significant statistical difference in poor wound healing (3 vs 0, P = 0.245), wound edge necrosis (3 vs 0, P = 0.245), and infection (1 vs 0, P = 1.000) with the MADS to the VMS.

Conclusion

The results of this study show that the MADS effectively reduced the surgical scar area to 58.95% with no additional adverse events compared with that of the VMS in spine surgery.
All‐in‐one: a robust fluorescent fusion protein vector toolbox for protein localization and BiFC analyses in plants
Authors: Han Jingluan , Ma Kun , Li Huali , Su Jing , Zhou Lian , Tang Jintao , Zhang Shijuan , Hou Yuke , Chen Letian , Liu Yao‐Guang , Zhu Qinlong
Published: February 2022

Fluorescent tagging protein localization (FTPL) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) are popular tools for in vivo analyses of the subcellular localizations of proteins and protein–protein interactions in plant cells. The efficiency of fluorescent fusion protein (FFP) expression analyses is typically impaired when the FFP genes are co‐transformed on separate plasmids compared to when all are cloned and transformed in a single vector. Functional genomics applications using FFPs such as a gene family studies also often require the generation of multiple plasmids. Here, to address these needs, we developed an efficient, modular all‐in‐one (Aio) FFP (AioFFP) vector toolbox, including a set of fluorescently labelled organelle markers, FTPL and BiFC plasmids and associated binary vectors. This toolbox uses Gibson assembly (GA) and incorporates multiple unique nucleotide sequences (UNSs) to facilitate efficient gene cloning. In brief, this system enables convenient cloning of a target gene into various FFP vectors or the insertion of two or more target genes into the same FFP vector in a single‐tube GA reaction. This system also enables integration of organelle marker genes or fluorescently fused target gene expression units into a single transient expression plasmid or binary vector. We validated the AioFFP system by testing genes encoding proteins known to be functional in FTPL and BiFC assays. In addition, we performed a high‐throughput assessment of the accurate subcellular localizations of an uncharacterized rice CBSX protein subfamily. This modular UNS‐guided GA‐mediated AioFFP vector toolkit is cost‐effective, easy to use and will promote functional genomics research in plants.
Identification of ST1 reveals a selection involving hitchhiking of seed morphology and oil content during soybean domestication
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Yuhang , Ma Ruirui , Huang Wenxuan , Hou Jingjing , Fang Chao , Wang Lingshuang , Yuan Zhihui , Sun Qun , Dong Xuehui , Hou Yufeng , Wang Ying , Kong Fanjiang , Sun Lianjun
Published: February 2022

Seed morphology and quality of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) have changed dramatically during domestication from their wild relatives, but their relationship to selection is poorly understood. Here, we describe a semi‐dominant locus, ST1 (Seed Thickness 1), affecting seed thickness and encoding a UDP‐D‐glucuronate 4‐epimerase, which catalyses UDP‐galacturonic acid production and promotes pectin biosynthesis. Interestingly, this morphological change concurrently boosted seed oil content, which, along with up‐regulation of glycolysis biosynthesis modulated by ST1, enabled soybean to become a staple oil crop. Strikingly, ST1 and an inversion controlling seed coat colour formed part of a single selective sweep. Structural variation analysis of the region surrounding ST1 shows that the critical mutation in ST1 existed in earlier wild relatives of soybean and the region containing ST1 subsequently underwent an inversion, which was followed by successive selection for both traits through hitchhiking during selection for seed coat colour. Together, these results provide direct evidence that simultaneously variation for seed morphology and quality occurred earlier than variation for seed coat colour during soybean domestication. The identification of ST1 thus sheds light on a crucial phase of human empirical selection in soybeans and provides evidence that our ancestors improved soybean based on taste.
Feeling the burn: Sunburn recall in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Authors: Khanna Rayva , Guo Emily L , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine
Published: February 2022

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) occurs primarily in infants and young children due to hematogenous dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exfoliative toxin resulting in painful erythema and superficial desquamation of the skin. Herein, we discuss a 7‐year‐old patient with SSSS in classic locations who additionally presented with photodistributed erythema without desquamation on the chest, arms, and back in locations of a recently healed sunburn. In this report, we discuss sunburn recall phenomenon as a result of SSSS.
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa with extensive lung involvement in three patients with a LAMB3 Mutation
Authors: Ahmed Fahad , Young Lisa R. , Perman Marissa J.
Published: February 2022

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is characterized by skin and mucous membrane fragility leading to easy blistering. Blistering may be the result of multiple genetic mutations, including the LAMB3 gene encoding a subunit of laminin 332, an important protein in the basement membrane zone. The clinical presentation of JEB includes blistering and granulation tissue forming anywhere on the skin including around oral and nasal cavities, fingers, toes, and within mucous membranes such as the upper respiratory tract. Lung pathology associated with JEB is less commonly reported; we describe three children with LAMB3 pathogenic variants with extensive lung injury contributing to decline in clinical status and likely leading to their demise early in life.
Surgical deroofing in pediatric patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Leszczynska Maria , Diaz Lucia Z. , Peña‐Robichaux Venessa
Published: February 2022

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory follicular disorder that most commonly involves the intertriginous areas. It is characterized by recurrent nodules that may progress into deeper abscesses and sinus tracts. Treatment is challenging and often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, medical therapies, and procedures to control symptoms. Deroofing is a tissue‐saving surgical technique that has been well studied in adults. In our clinical experience, it is an important adjunct therapy in pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe HS. We describe the step‐by‐step process of deroofing, including surgical clinical pearls specific to the pediatric population.
Excess iron promotes emergence of foamy macrophages that overexpress ferritin in the lungs of silicosis patients
Authors: Aloe Christian Anthony , Leong Tracy Li‐Tsein , Wimaleswaran Hari , Papagianis Paris Clarice , McQualter Jonathan Luke , McDonald Christine Faye , Khor Yet Hong , Hoy Ryan Francis , Ingle Aviraj , Bansal Vipul , Goh Nicole Soo Leng , Bozinovski Steven
Published: February 2022

Background and objective

Inhalation of high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) can lead to silicosis. RCS contains varying levels of iron, which can cause oxidative stress and stimulate ferritin production. This study evaluated iron‐related and inflammatory markers in control and silicosis patients.

Methods

A cohort of stone benchtop industry workers (n = 18) were radiologically classified by disease severity into simple or complicated silicosis. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected to measure iron, ferritin, C‐reactive protein, serum amyloid A and serum silicon levels. Ferritin subunit expression in BAL and transbronchial biopsies was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Lipid accumulation in BAL macrophages was assessed by Oil Red O staining.

Results

Serum iron levels were significantly elevated in patients with silicosis, with a strong positive association with serum ferritin levels. In contrast, markers of systemic inflammation were not increased in silicosis patients. Serum silicon levels were significantly elevated in complicated disease. BAL macrophages from silicosis patients were morphologically consistent with lipid‐laden foamy macrophages. Ferritin light chain (FTL) mRNA expression in BAL macrophages was also significantly elevated in simple silicosis patients and correlated with systemic ferritin.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that elevated iron levels during the early phases of silicosis increase FTL expression in BAL macrophages, which drives elevated BAL and serum ferritin levels. Excess iron and ferritin were also associated with the emergence of a foamy BAL macrophage phenotype. Ferritin may represent an early disease marker for silicosis, where increased levels are independent of inflammation and may contribute to fibrotic lung remodelling.
Is Nordic elder care facing a (new) collaborative turn?
Authors: Vabø Mia , Zechner Minna , Stranz Anneli , Graff Lea , Sigurðardóttir Sigurveig H.
Published: February 2022

Nordic countries are known for their service‐based welfare states, which include basic health and social care for all older adults who have been formally assessed and found to need additional services. Facing fiscal constraints in the mid‐1990s, these countries endeavoured to create more cost‐effective care services that incorporated the doctrines of new public management (NPM). Overlapping NPM, steps have been taken to better integrate services and utilise the care capacity of a broader institutional and environmental set of actors. In this study, we draw attention to this call for collaborative and participatory modes of governance beyond NPM. We explore whether and how Nordic eldercare policies fit in to the framework and logic of new public governance (NPG). The data consist of 62 key government documents from five Nordic countries, representing the central features of eldercare policies over the past 10 years. Our content analysis is based on three conceptual lenses associated with NPG: service integration, service co‐production and cross‐sectoral co‐creation. The analysis shows that several policy issues are framed by the logic of NPG in all countries. Further research is needed to assess how these NPG measures are implemented and interacting with institutional arrangements of other public governance paradigms.
Hitchhiking into the future on a fly: Toward a better understanding of phoresy and avian louse evolution (Phthiraptera) by screening bird carcasses for phoretic lice on hippoboscid flies (Diptera)
Authors: Lee Leshon , Tan David J. X. , Oboňa Jozef , Gustafsson Daniel R. , Ang Yuchen , Meier Rudolf
Published: February 2022

Many phoretic relationships between arthropods are understudied because of taxonomic impediments. We here illustrate for avian lice riding on hippoboscid flies how new natural history data on phoretic relationships can be acquired quickly with modern and cost‐effective barcoding techniques. Most avian lice are host‐specific, but some can arrive on new hosts by hitchhiking on hippoboscid flies that feed on bird blood. Our summary of the literature yielded 254 published records which we here show to belong to two large and 13 small interaction networks for birds, flies, and lice. In order to generate new records, we developed a protocol based on screening bird carcasses sourced with the help of citizen scientists. The inspection of 131 carcasses from Singapore led to the first record of a Guimaraesiella Eichler (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) louse species riding on Ornithoica momiyamai Kishida flies collected from a pitta carcass. Phoresy may explain why this louse species is now known from three phylogenetically disparate hosts (Pitta moluccensis (Müller), Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay); Pardaliparus elegans Lesson). A second new case of phoresy enhanced a large interaction network dominated by Ornithophila metallica (Schiner), a cosmopolitan and polyphagous hippoboscid fly species. Overall, we argue that many two‐ and three‐way phoretic relationships between arthropods (e.g., mites, pseudoscorpions, beetles, flies) can be resolved with cost‐effective large‐scale NGS barcoding, which can be used to partially overcome taxonomic impediments by pre‐sorting specimens for taxonomic revision.
The international experience of bacterial screen testing of platelet components with automated microbial detection systems: An update
Authors: Kamel Hany , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , McDonald Carl ,   ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Disease Bacterial Working Party Bacterial Subgroup
Published: February 2022

In 2014, the bacterial subgroup of the Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases working party of ISBT published a review on the International Experience of Bacterial Screen Testing of Platelet Components (PCs) with an Automated Microbial Detection System. The purpose of this review, which is focused on publications on or after 2014, is to summarize recent experiences related to bacterial contamination of PCs and the use of an automated culture method to safeguard the blood supply. We first reviewed septic transfusion reactions after PC transfusion as reported in national haemovigilance systems along with a few reports from various countries on bacterial contamination of blood products. Next, we reviewed PC automated culture protocols employed by national blood services in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and large blood collection organization and hospital transfusion services in the United States. Then, we acknowledged the limitations of currently available culture methodologies in abating the risks of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infection, through a review of case reports. This review was neither meant to be critical of the literature reviewed nor meant to identify or recommend a best practice. We concluded that significant risk reduction can be achieved by one or a combination of more than one strategy. No one approach is feasible for all institutions worldwide. In selecting strategies, institutions should consider the possible impact on platelet components availability and entertain a risk‐based decision‐making approach that accounts for operational, logistical and financial factors.
Arthroscopic findings and long‐term outcomes in 76 sport horses with meniscal injuries (2008–2018)
Authors: Davis Joseph G. , García‐López José M.
Published: February 2022

Objective

To report the findings and long‐term outcome of 76 sport horses with meniscal injury.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Seventy‐six horses with 93 meniscal injuries in 85 stifles.

Methods

Medical records of sport horses diagnosed with meniscal injury during arthroscopy were reviewed. Owner follow up was obtained via telephone interview ≥1.5 years postoperatively. Preoperative and intraoperative findings, and postoperative treatments, were analyzed for potential association with return to athletic performance.

Results

The medial meniscus was involved in 82.8% of cases, with grade 1 injuries diagnosed in 76.3% of menisci. Overall, 85.5% of horses returned to athletic performance, with 40% returning to their previous level. The grade of meniscal injury was associated with long‐term outcome (P = .023). The presence of preoperative radiographic abnormalities (P = .259) or additional joint pathology (P = 1.00) was not associated with long‐term outcomes. Fifty‐nine stifles were treated with an orthobiologic: autologous conditioned serum, platelet‐rich plasma, or marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. There was no association between the use of any orthobiologic and long‐term outcome (P = .394).

Conclusion

This is the first report on long‐term outcome of sport horses with meniscal injuries following arthroscopic surgery. Overall, the long‐term prognosis was fair, with 40% of horses returning to their previous level of use. Severity of the meniscal injury was a prognostic indicator for return to work. The presence of radiographic abnormalities or additional joint pathology, or the use of orthobiologics, was not associated with long‐term outcome.

Clinical significance

These findings can help in prognostication for sport horses with meniscal injuries.
Convolutional Networks for Classification of Mortars
Authors: Lebbad Anderson , Clayton Garrett M. , Nataraj C.
Published: February 2022

The task of classifying unexploded mortars is critical in both humanitarian and military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) operations. Classification needs to be completed quickly and accurately and is the first step toward disarming the ordnance because it provides information about the fuzing mechanism, or the stage in the arming cycle that the ordnance is currently in. To assist EOD technicians with mortar identification, this article presents an automated image-based algorithm and the database of images used in its development. The algorithm utilizes convolutional networks with variations to training to improve performance for ordnance found in varying states of disassembly. The classifier developed was found to be 98.5% accurate for these lab condition photos; future work will focus on more cluttered environments.
Impact Forming of AA5052-H32 Sheets With Friction Stir Spot Welds Using a Shock Tube and Failure Assessment
Authors: Barik Saibal Kanchan , Ganesh Narayanan R. , Sahoo Niranjan
Published: February 2022

In this present study, both the experimental and numerical investigations are carried out to understand the formability of AA 5052-H32 sheets of 1.5 mm thickness with friction stir spot weld (FSSW). A shock tube experimental facility is utilized in which a rigid hemispherical striker is propelled at a high velocity and deforms the FSSW sheets at high strain rates. In this analysis, the effect of different tool rotational speed and plunge depth on the FS spot welding outputs and forming outputs are understood. Furthermore, DEFORM-3D finite element (FE) code is used to perform FE simulation of both the FS spot welding and forming of the welded sheets interactively. During the forming analysis, a new strategy is followed to identify the rate-dependent mechanical properties that are incorporated during FE simulation. The tensile data obtained from the unwelded section of the sheet deformed using the shock tube is fit to the modified Johnson–Cook (MJC) model. In the case of the FS spot-welded region, a hardness-based multiplying factor is identified and used to obtain stress–strain data by fitting it to MJC model. The predicted temperature evolution during the FSSW is validated with the experimental data and a good correlation has been observed. The predicted material flow phenomenon gives an insight into the joint formation during FSSW. Various forming outputs such as deformation profile, crack pattern, and effective strain distribution predicted by MJC model in combination with Freudenthal damage model are compared with the experimental data, and the results have a fair agreement.
Validity of the Favero Assioma Duo Power Pedal System in Maximal-Effort Cycling Tests
Authors: Yeh Ming-Chia , Chen Wei-Han , Lu Sung-Ting , Chen Chi-Hsien , Liu Ya-Chen , Liu Chiang
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The pedal-based power meter has its advantages, so it has become a popular monitoring tool in cycling. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Favero Assioma Duo power pedal system (FAD) in comparison with the SRM, which is considered the gold standard under maximal-effort cycling conditions, and a widely used cycling test, the 20-minute Functional Threshold Test. Methods: Fourteen male adolescent cyclists completed a series of cycling intervals including 5, 15, 30, 60, 240, 600, and 1200 seconds (20-min Functional Threshold Test) with their maximal-effort performance on 2 separate days. Power output data were collected from the FAD and the SRM for analysis. Results: Extremely strong correlations and excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were found between the power output values registered with the FAD and the SRM overall (r > .999, ICC = .996) and each power test (r > .98, ICC > .91). A low bias was found in power tests of longer durations (−3.2% at 240-s test, −3.3% at 600-s test, and −3.1% at 20-min Functional Threshold Test), while the bias augmented in shorter intervals (−2.7% at 5-s test, −3.6% at 15-s test, and −2.6% at 30-s test and −3.3% at 60-s test). A regression equation was proposed as y = −2.943 + 0.976x to diminish the bias (−0.2 W) with increased r value (>.98) and ICC (>.98). Conclusion: The FAD appears to be a valid tool for the measures of maximal-effort performance. The recorded power value reflects the true value with proposed regression equation.
A robust age model for the Cryogenian Pocatello Formation of southeastern Idaho (northwestern USA) from tandem in situ and isotope dilution U-Pb dating of volcanic tuffs and epiclastic detrital zircons
Authors: Isakson Vincent H. , Schmitz Mark D. , Dehler Carol M. , Macdonald Francis A. , Adolph Yonkee W.
Published: February 2022

Tandem in situ and isotope dilution U-Pb analysis of zircons from pyroclastic volcanic rocks and both glacial and non-glacial sedimentary strata of the Pocatello Formation (Idaho, northwestern USA) provides new age constraints on Cryogenian glaciation in the North American Cordillera. Two dacitic tuffs sampled within glacigenic strata of the lower diamictite interval of the Scout Mountain Member yield high-precision chemical abrasion isotope dilution U-Pb zircon eruption and depositional ages of 696.43 ± 0.21 and 695.17 ± 0.20 Ma. When supplemented by a new high-precision detrital zircon maximum depositional age of ≤670 Ma for shoreface and offshore sandstones unconformably overlying the lower diamictite, these data are consistent with correlation of the lower diamictite to the early Cryogenian (ca. 717–660 Ma) Sturtian glaciation. These 670–675 Ma zircons persist in beds above the upper diamictite and cap dolostone units, up to and including a purported “reworked fallout tuff,” which we instead conclude provides only a maximum depositional age of ≤673 Ma from epiclastic volcanic detritus. Rare detrital zircons as young as 658 Ma provide a maximum depositional age for the upper diamictite and overlying cap dolostone units. This new geochronological framework supports litho- and chemostratigraphic correlations of the lower and upper diamictite intervals of the Scout Mountain Member of the Pocatello Formation with the Sturtian (716–660 Ma) and Marinoan (≤650–635 Ma) low-latitude glaciations, respectively. The Pocatello Formation thus contains a more complete record of Cryogenian glaciations than previously postulated.
Recent CMS heavy flavor physics results
Authors: Simone F. M.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, recent results in the B-physics field achieved using proton–proton collision data at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] TeV collected by CMS are presented. They include the angular analysis of the decay [Formula: see text] with Run 1 data, new measurements of D and B meson production cross-sections and CP violation studies using [Formula: see text] decays with Run 2 data. The results are compared with the Standard Model predictions. A measurement of the CP-violating phase [Formula: see text] achieved by combining results from both Run 1 and Run 2 data is also presented.
Interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy and tachyon scalar field dark energy model in Bianchi type-II Universe
Authors: Koussour M. , Bennai M.
Published: February 2022

In this work, we study the interaction between the dark matter (DM) component and the dark energy (DE) component using the Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) density expression for a Bianchi type-II space–time within the framework of general relativity (GR). To obtain the exact solutions of Einstein’s field equations, we use two constraints: (i) the expansion scalar [Formula: see text] of the Universe is proportional to the component [Formula: see text] of the shear tensor [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text] and (ii) we assume that the scale factor follows the Hybrid Expansion Law (HEL). We have discussed some geometrical and physical parameters of our model such as the deceleration parameter (DP) and the equation of state (EoS) parameter. In these parameters, we plot their behavior in terms of redshift [Formula: see text]. We observe that the DP evolves from the early decelerating phase to the current accelerating phase with a current value consistent with the observation data. The EoS parameter evolves from a state of a stiff-matter fluid-dominated era [Formula: see text] for high redshift [Formula: see text] to a [Formula: see text]CDM era [Formula: see text] in the later times. Also, we have established a correspondence between the THDE model and the tachyon scalar field dark energy model. We have reconstructed the potential and the tachyon scalar field, which describes the current accelerated expansion of the Universe. Finally, using 51 values of observed Hubble measurement and the technique [Formula: see text]-test, we found the best fit value for the model parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (current value of the Hubble parameter). These results are consistent with the new measurements of [Formula: see text].37
A Security Multi-Dimensional Range Query Protocol Based on Left 0-1 Encoding in Two-Tiered Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Deng Yun , Chen Jinyu , Wang Yu , Shen Fanfan
Published: February 2022

In this research on range query technology for two-tiered wireless sensor networks, the existing researches still need improvement in privacy security and communication cost of the sensor node. In this paper, a security multi-dimensional range query protocol is proposed. The left 0-1 encoding mechanism (a new and optimized encoding mechanism), HMAC algorithm, and BASE64 encoding are employed to optimize the calculation of comparison factor. The encryption index chain is constructed by using AES algorithm to replace the long encryption constraint chain, so as to lower the energy consumption of computation and communication. The base station can verify the authenticity and integrity of query results on the basis of continuity of storage time and encryption index chain. The experiment has been conducted in the real systems. The protocol is compared and analyzed with the latest proposed Communication-Efficient Secure Range Queries (CSRQ). The results have shown that the proposed protocol can gain a better performance in terms of four aspects, i.e., the length of sensing data, the number of data collected in each cycle, the number of data dimensions and the number of sensor nodes in each unit. Meanwhile, compared with CSRQ, the communication cost of the proposed protocol is reduced by at least 10%.
Bloch wave spectral analysis in the class of generalized Hashin–Shtrikman micro-structures
Authors: Bălilescu Loredana , Conca Carlos , Ghosh Tuhin , Martín Jorge San , Vanninathan Muthusamy
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we use spectral methods to introduce Bloch waves for studying the homogenization process in the non-periodic class of generalized Hashin–Shtrikman micro-structures (see Ref. 35), which incorporates both translation and dilation with a family of scales, including one subclass of laminates. We establish the classical homogenization result by providing the spectral representation of the homogenized coefficients. It offers a new lead towards extending the Bloch spectral analysis to general micro-structures, including the class of non-periodic media or the homogenization of Heisenberg operators (see Refs. 8 and 9).
The second Yang–Baxter homology for the HOMFLYPT polynomial
Authors: Przytycki Józef H. , Wang Xiao
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we adjust the Yang–Baxter operators constructed by Jones for the HOMFLYPT polynomial. Then we compute the second homology for this family of Yang–Baxter operators. It has the potential to yield 2-cocycle invariants for links.
Overturning Resistance of Friction Pendulum Bearing-Isolated Structure Subjected to Impact
Authors: Zhang Jingcai , Ding Yong , Guan Xinchun
Published: February 2022

Friction pendulum bearing (FPB) shows superior performance in reducing dynamic responses of structures under earthquakes. Though the seismic response of the FPB-isolated structure is well understood, its overturning resistance caused by limited permissible displacement under impact is rarely studied. This paper presents an evaluation and parametric study on the overturning resistance of the FPB-isolated structure under impact, using particularly the coefficient of overturning resistance to evaluate the overturning resistance of the isolated structure. The capacity of the overturning resistance of FPB-isolated structure as well as the seismic response when the isolated structure subjected to pluse-like and no-pluse-like earthquake records were addressed. The influence of various key factors, including the vertical component of impact force, displacement ratio, properties of the FPB, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and mass ratio of the isolation storey, is investigated to give an insight into the potential overturning risk of the entire structure. The results indicate that the overturning resistance of the FPB-isolated structure will be reduced significantly due to the presence of impact. The overturning stability depends mainly on the displacement ratio, impact stiffness, PGA, friction coefficient, and equivalent radius of the FPB, but the mass ratio of the isolation storey shows limited influence on the overturning resistance of the FPB-isolated structure under impact.
A note on Hamiltonian cycles in planar graphs
Authors: Kreh Martin
Published: February 2022

Unlike the problem of finding Eulerian cycles, the problem of deciding whether a given graph has a Hamiltonian cycle is NP-complete, even when restricting to planar graphs. There are however some criteria that can be used in special cases. One of them can be derived by Grinberg’s theorem. In this note, we give some more (slightly more general) criteria derived from Grinberg’s theorem to show that a graph does not have a Hamiltonian cycle.