bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing the reference architecture of human ecology on the basis of the methodology of the function oriented modelling
Authors: Mukhametdinova Svetlana , Tyumentseva Evgenia , Patlasov Oleg , Luchko Oleg
Published: April 2021

The dynamic nature of changes in the conditions of existence and functioning of modern communities requires comprehensive and integrated research in order to develop a reference architecture of human ecology, as a system of scientifically substantiated criteria for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the impact of the external environment on various aspects of human life and the formation of a balanced strategy for managing social development. The paper presents one of the approaches to the design of the reference architecture of human ecology based on the methodology of the function oriented modelling and provides examples of models developed in accordance with the IDEF0 notation. The study identified the main stages in the design of the reference architecture of human ecology from collecting information to developing software that makes it possible to automate the processing of input information characterizing various factors affecting the quality of life of the population to developing the architecture of human ecology in a particular region or city and comparing it with the reference one.
Experience in designing a system for monitoring and assessing the results of vocational education of a future educator at a university
Authors: Abramovskikh N.V. , Abashina V.V. , Sinebryukhova V.L. , Tolmacheva V.V. , Filippova A.R.
Published: April 2021

In the modern system of higher vocational education, special attention is paid to modernizing approaches to building the educational process, changing the system of monitoring and assessing the results of students' vocational training. Scholars and practitioners pay special attention to identifying opportunities for self-development of students, including within the framework of assessment activities [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. At the same time, the emphasis is shifted to the need to choose assessment tools that contribute to the reflective assessment of students' achievements in educational activities, building their own educational route in mastering the necessary competencies. The paper shows the problematic nature of solving the problem under consideration in the direction of substantiating conceptual approaches to the organization of control as a function of managing the vocational training of future educators, choosing the forms and methods of monitoring and assessing educational activities. The purpose of the paper is to show conceptual approaches and their practical application in the organization of control and assessing the results of the educational activities of future educators. Based on the experience of their own professional activities in the preparation of future preschool teachers and supplementary education teachers, the authors have shown the design system of assessment tools, demonstrated conceptual approaches to solving this problem.
Text and discourse models as knowledge formats
Authors: Ogneva Е.А. , Musaelian Е.N. , Smirnova D.E. , Danilenko I.A. , Sushenok M.O.
Published: April 2021

Knowledge format is a construct for information storing, accumulating, transmitting. Text and discourse are studied as main knowledge formats. Previous studies have found the literary text is defined as a product of writer’s speech-thinking activity. Discourse is interpreted as a text immersed in a communicative situation. The construction specific features of text and discourse are revealed through their modeling as an objective way of knowledge formats architectonics visualising. Literary text is considered in the form of conceptual domain as a set of literary concepts wich are correlated with writer’s text world. There are two types of writer’s text world models such as monomodel and polymodel. It is proved that monomodel text world is the plot-thematic unity of all literary conceptual domain which the writer creates. The polymodel text world consists of the plot-thematic correlation of literary dominant concepts formed according to different themes. Both monomodel and polymodel text worlds are the base for literary discourse forming. Monomodel text world is the base for monomodel literary discourse. Polymodel text world is the base for polymodel one’s. The research of text and discourse models of knowledge formats is the optimal interpretative way to discover the patterns of knowledge existence.
Engineering practices and engineering education: prolegomena to the model of the future
Authors: Bagdasaryan Nadezda , Petruneva Raisa , Vasilyeva Valentina , Toporkova Olga
Published: April 2021

A theoretical and methodological analysis of the content characteristics of engineering education correlated with the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) showed that trends of the third technological revolution dominate in the current university engineers' training model. One of the effective tools for the formation of a university model for training an engineer of the future could be the ideas of using educational social engineering problems based on elements of socio-humanitarian expertise of engineering design decisions. An optimally designed model of an engineer of the future will improve the quality of training and, ultimately, avoid the negative (fatal) consequences of insufficiently substantiated engineering design decisions.
Result-effects of the implementation of foresight technologies in the training of the future pharmacist
Authors: Nevolina Viktoriia , Mikhailova Irina , Moskaleva Yuliia , Yudaeva Yuliia , Prokhodtsev Kirill
Published: April 2021

The professional training of a medical student is determined and predicted by the challenges of modern society. The active professional self-development of a pharmacist is aimed at the continuous development of new competencies in the field of scientific, practical and preventive medicine and pharmacy. Social priorities determine the student's professional self-development in modern pharmaceutical education, focused on the future needs of health care, presented in the predictive models of the future pharmacist. The concept of professional self-development of a future pharmacist has been developed and introduced into practice, which characterizes the goals, benchmarks, structural content, patterns, professional regulations, dynamics, result-effects. The pedagogical potential of a medical university in the professional training of a future pharmacist as an integrator of traditions and modern trends in the development of pharmacy has been determined; opportunities for the professional and personal growth of educational subjects; personification of scientific and pedagogical resources of teachers; an innovatively rich environment; modern network information and educational technologies. In the process of experimental work, we note the following result-effects: axiological dominants in the professional worldview of the future pharmacist on health management; interiorization of knowledge in the process of pharmaceutical practices; modeling the ethical and deontological foundations of the pharmacist's behavior; forecasting the professional future in the process of project implementation.
The impact of higher psychological education on the development of students` emotional intelligence
Authors: Beresneva Oksana , Kornilova Olga
Published: April 2021

The changes taking place in our society actualize new types of relationships between people based on a humanistic, personalized approach. The transformation of human relations takes place in the process of establishing new values, so the formation of the emotional side of relations in the "person-person" system becomes particularly relevant. In Russian society, there is an increased need for qualified psychologists and their solution of current problems. The rapidly changing conditions of society formation actualize the problem that deals with the development of personal and professional qualities of psychology students, including their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence allows to understand and feel the necessity for a rational analysis of one`s own emotions and decision-making based on this process, which means that a person can act more effectively. People with developed emotional intelligence achieve their goals more easily in interaction with others and become more efficient, productive and happy. Thus, the relevance of our research is determined both by the trends in the development of scientific knowledge and the existing needs of social practice.
Modeling the influence of external factors on students' memorization performance in general chemistry
Authors: Shelontsev Vladimir , Gerasimova Irina
Published: April 2021

The article provides theoretical and empirical justification for the use of multivariate methods of analysis to implement different types of models in the study of the productivity of involuntary and combined memorization by students in learning chemistry.
An integrated assessment of the quality of teaching Mathematics in school
Authors: Sagatelova Liana , Tarasova Irina , Asanova Nataliya
Published: April 2021

This article presents a diagnostic criteria-based methodology for a systematic and complex assessment of the quality of teaching Mathematics in school. This methodology may help assess the prospects of applied approaches to teaching Mathematics as well as monitor it and describe in terms of ensuring the high quality of general education in Mathematics. We used Kolmogorov’s “convolution of qualities” as a basis for developing this methodology for the systematic and complex diagnostics of mathematical education in school. This methodology is used to assess the quality and optimization of complex objects in mechanics, chemical industry, economics, and higher education. The suggested integral assessment (systematic and complex diagnostics) was successfully applied to evaluate the quality of teaching Mathematics in schools of the Volgograd region. We defined three levels of mathematical education quality: discrete (minimal and restricted level), fragmentary (average functional level), and integrated and comprehensive (a rather high level).
Information interaction in socio-cultural information and educational environment of the University
Authors: Noskov Evgeny , Lopanova Elena , Savina Natalia
Published: April 2021

The article presents an analysis of approaches to the definition of the concepts of "information interaction", "interactive information cooperation" in socio-cultural information and educational environment, understood as a set of conditions that contribute to the emergence and development of information educational interaction between subjects of educational process and means of ICT, functioning of organizational structures of pedagogical influence for the development of content, the development of cognitive activity of a student. The article describes the features of the process of information interaction in socio-cultural information and educational environment in the preparation of students; interaction in this case includes an interactive information resource using interactive means of information and communication technologies. The structure of socio-cultural information and educational environment as a form of interrelated information interaction between the subjects of educational process with an interactive information resource is proposed. Information interaction is carried out by the subjects of the educational process (the student, the teacher, the means of education functioning on the basis of information and communication technologies) and is provided by psychological and pedagogical influence.
The relationship between the formation of the cultural identity of students and the level of education
Authors: Alisa Stenishcheva
Published: April 2021

To study the consequences of the formation of the cultural identity of students and their level of education, it should be noted that it is young people who increasingly form a multicultural identity, because as they grow up, they learn different cultural beliefs and certain patterns of behavior. Ethnographic and intercultural characteristics illustrate the ways in which learners are increasingly exposed to different cultures. In that case three main pedagogical questions arise: how important is it that multicultural identity is based on direct or indirect interaction with different peoples; how the formation of cultural identity and its development can take place depending on the specific cultures involved; advantages and disadvantages in the formation of a multicultural identity, and not just an identity in general, based mainly on one cultural tradition. The purpose of this article is to describe the relationship between learning and cultural identity. Finally, the article proposes to consider several methods based on foreign and Russian literature, taking into account different points of view in the formation of students' identity.
Trans-perspective technologies in the formation of the vocational and educational space of students
Authors: Belonovskaya I.D. , Ilyasov D.F. , Nevolina V.V. , Drobot M.A. , Repyakh L.P.
Published: April 2021

Digital economy in professional standards sets high requirements for the competencies of specialists, necessity of acceleration and continuation of professional development, introduction of modes of distance learning. Students have contradictions and chronological gaps between the new virtual educational content and previously obtained real experience, modern styles of professional activity and traditional patterns of performance of labor functions, between current information from Internet sources and well-known fundamental knowledge in the subject area. As a result, it becomes difficult to implement educational strategies and trajectories, as well as to develop professional competencies. To solve this problem, it is suggested to distinguish a class of trans-perspective pedagogical technologies. Their pedagogical impact is based on the creation of spatial and temporal relationships (trans-perspectives) between various educationally significant events. The trans-perspective reverse-methodologies identified by the authors have these opportunities and are based on case studies, professionally-oriented complex projects, end-to-end design based on reverse-engineering and prototyping, the “Swing of Time” methodology based on visualization. Diagnostics of the results of the experiment with students of various training areas proves an increase in the level of formation of the continuous professional and educational space of the student due to the reduction of educational risks and the creation of a professional and educational trans-perspective as a purposeful combination of the multidimensional experience of the past, knowledge of the present and forecasts of the future in the educational process.
The development of intonational-expressive reading as a significant professional competence among students receiving the specialty teacher-speech therapist
Authors: Larina Elena , Garkusha Natalia , Dutchina Oksana , Korneva Victoria
Published: April 2021

The development of professional competencies to improve speech culture in oral and written speech is significant for students who receive the specialty of a teacher-speech therapist. Description of the methods of organizing the educational process and the inclusion in the profile disciplines "Practicum on voice training and expressive reading", "Technology of forming the pronunciation side of speech" systematic work on mastering basic skills: stable breathing, high-quality sounding voice and clear diction, mastering the intonational components of speech on the development of intonational and expressive reading of future specialists.
Application of multimedia technologies in web-education
Authors: Idrisova Jaradat , Alikhadzhiev Saydmagomed , Alisultanova Esmira
Published: April 2021

The development of multimedia technology and network technology, multimedia network training has become inevitable. Multimedia is the best means of communication, education of a society with its own characteristics. In this article, we discuss the model for teaching multimedia technologies in web education and its necessity, and also fully consider multimedia applications in web education.
Interaktionen zwischen Arzneimitteltherapie und Tierphysiotherapie
Authors: Weseler Antje R.
Published: April 2021

In der Regel dokumentiert man während der tierphysiotherapeutischen Anamnese die aktuelle Medikation der Patienten. Aber was macht man dann mit dieser Information? Kann die Einnahme eines Medikaments den Therapieerfolg manueller oder physikalischer Behandlungen beeinflussen – oder umgekehrt? Und was bedeutet das für die Praxis?
Risikostratifizierung des NSTE-ACS
Authors: Hartung Philipp , Jobs Alexander , Thiele Holger
Published: April 2021

Mit zunehmender Verbesserung der Prognose der NSTE-ACS-Patientenkollektive in den letzten Jahren spielt eine standardisierte, schnelle und gute diskriminierende Risikostratifizierung eine erhebliche Rolle. Verschiedene Merkmale des langfristig erwartbaren ischämischen Risikos, wie z.B. klinische Parameter, EKG-Indikatoren, Biomarker und klinische Scores, werden zusammen mit dem individuellen Blutungsrisiko erfasst und integriert. So ist z.B. die absolute Höhe der Troponin-Konzentration prädiktiv für die Gesamtletalität. Der GRACE-Risk-Score wird nicht nur zusätzlich zur objektiven Risikostratifizierung empfohlen, sondern ein Punktwert >140 ist eines der Kriterien für eine frühe Koronarangiografie innerhalb von 24 Stunden. Die Abschätzung des Blutungsrisikos entsprechend der ARC-HBR-Kriterien hat einen Einfluss auf das antithrombotische Therapieregime.
Diagnosis and successful treatment of an Austrian dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense forest type
Authors: Leschnik Michael , Silbermayr Katja , Guija Abigail , Nell Barbara
Published: April 2021

Canine African Trypanosomosis (CAT) is a rarely described disease with frequently lethal outcome. A 5-year-old female mongrel dog weighing 22 kg was presented in Austria due to unilateral uveitis, pancytopenia, and anorexia 4 months after return from a trip through Western Africa. Trypanosoma spp. flagellates were detected in a blood smear and identified as Trypanosoma congolense forest type by PCR. Initial treatment with imidocarb and miltefosine led to clinical improvement but only isometamidium chloride hydrochloride applied intramuscularly led to complete eradication of the pathogen from the dog’s blood 4 months later.
Tic-Störungen und Tourette-Syndrom
Authors: Senberg Asne , Roessner Veit
Published: April 2021

Tics können sehr unterschiedlich, z. B. motorischer oder vokaler Natur sein und bewegen sich auf einem Kontinuum von einfach bis komplex. Wenn nur motorische Tics oder nur vokale Tics länger als ein Jahr anhalten, wird die Diagnose einer chronischen Tic-Störung des jeweiligen Subtyps vergeben. Für die Diagnose Tourette-Syndrom müssen mindestens 2 motorische und ein vokaler Tic aufgetreten sein. Die Lebenszeitprävalenz irgendeiner chronischen Tic-Störung liegt bei ca. 4 %. Tics haben einen schwankenden Verlauf auf verschiedenen Zeitskalen, d. h. z. B. situative Schwankungen im Verlauf von Minuten bis hin zu längerfristigen Veränderungen über Jahren; so nehmen sie nach Erstauftreten meist im Kindesalter gefolgt von einem Gipfel um die Pubertät herum häufig im Laufe des Jugendalters ab. Man geht von einer multifaktoriellen Ätiologie aus, die sich aus genetischen, neurobiologischen, umweltbezogenen und psychosozialen Faktoren zusammensetzt. Tics treten häufig mit anderen psychischen Erkrankungen gemeinsam auf. Die häufigsten Begleitsymptome bis -störungen sind dabei ADHS und Zwangsstörungen. Diese Begleitsymptomatik ist oft für die Betroffenen beeinträchtigender als die Tics selbst, weshalb sie vorranging behandelt werden sollten. Wenn die Tics jedoch das Funktionsniveau des Individuums stark beeinträchtigen, sollte eine mögliche Behandlung in Betracht gezogen werden. Dabei werden meist Antipsychotika eingesetzt, die die Betroffenen zwar nicht heilen, jedoch die Tic-Ausprägung mindern. Eine spezialisierte Verhaltenstherapie ist wirksam, aber vor Ort oft nicht verfügbar.
Bladder Preservation with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiation for the Treatment of Muscle-invasive Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Agrawal Chinmayee , Bansal Saurabh , Biswas Manoj , Gupta Meenu , Nautiyal Vipul , Ahmed Mushtaq
Published: April 2021

Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the short-term response and acute toxicities in muscle-invasive carcinoma urinary bladder treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation.

Materials and Methods Thirty patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer were treated with three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy every 3 weeks. Response assessment was done after 4 weeks with repeat cystoscopy and imaging. Responders were treated with concurrent chemoradiation 60 Gy/30# at 2 Gy/# along with weekly injection cisplatin 35 mg/m2. Response assessment was done by new response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (version 1.1). Treatment-related acute toxicities were scored using common terminology criteria for adverse events version 4.0.

Results Of the 30 patients, 25 patients responded to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with complete response in 17 patients (56.67%) and partial response in eight patients (26.66%). Five patients (16.66%) showed poor response and were advised radical cystectomy, of which four underwent radical cystectomy and one patient opted for concurrent chemoradiation. Of 26 patients who completed chemoradiation, complete response was seen in 21 patients (80.76%) and partial response was seen in four patients (15.38%). Only one patient developed progression of disease in the form of lung metastasis. All the patients with residual disease were advised to undergo salvage cystectomy. Among the patients receiving chemoradiation, grade 2 cystitis and diarrhea was seen in 10 patients (38.46%) and four patients (15.38%), respectively. Only one patient developed grade 3 diarrhea.

Conclusion Bladder preservation treatment is an effective, safe, and convenient option for patients presenting with muscle-invasive carcinoma bladder. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation was well-tolerated with an acceptable rate of complications.
High-efficient Sb2Se3 solar cell using ZnxCd1-xS n-type layer
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Xinxing , Li Kanghua , Lu Shuaicheng , Wang Siyu , Li Sen , Lu Yue , He Jungang , Zheng Jiajia , Lin Xuetian , Tang Jiang
Published: April 2021

Sb2Se3 has drawn wide attention in thin-film solar cells in recent years because of its advantages of low-cost, low-toxic, and physicochemically stable properties. The most efficient Sb2Se3 solar cells are based on a CdS/Sb2Se3 heterojunction, but the cliff-like conduction band offset at the CdS/Sb2Se3 interface causes detrimental interface recombination. In this Letter, we apply the ZnxCd1-xS to tune the interface band alignment. When x is equal to 0.163, the flatband results in an optimal efficiency of 7.02%, which is absolutely 0.6% higher than the control device with pure CdS.
Design of a 16-channel fiber-optic coupled radiation detection array for radiation asymmetry studies in a 750-kJ dense plasma focus
Authors: Dwyer R. H. , Willis C. , Butcher M.
Published: April 2021

A 16-channel fiber optically coupled radiation detection array has been developed for studies of radiation asymmetries and emission histories from the Verus Research 750-kJ Dense Plasma Focus. Each detector in the array consists of a light-tight housing with a plastic scintillator coupled to a fiber optic that is fed into one channel of a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (PMT). The PMT and associated electronics are located in a remote electrically shielded control room. The detector head is configurable for using a Be-9 foil to take advantage of the 9Be(n,α)6He reaction as a fast neutron activation detector or with a bare scintillator alone to record the radiation emission history. Fiber optically coupling the detector head not only provides electrical isolation in the pulsed power environment but also allows the spatial footprint of the detector array to be reduced with concomitant flexibility in positioning each individual detector head. The array allows for spatially resolved neutron yield and radiation waveform measurements for fast z-pinches. The activation detector heads were calibrated for the total neutron yield against silver and indium activation counters for the total neutron yield. Fiber scintillation was found to contribute to the time-resolved detector head signals and was accounted for.
Accurate extraction of anisotropic spin–orbit torques from harmonic measurements
Authors: van Elst D. M. J. , Peters M. R. A. , Büttner F. , Wittmann A. , Tremsina E. A. , Avci C. O. , Lavrijsen R. , Swagten H. J. M. , Beach G. S. D.
Published: April 2021

One of the most powerful ways to manipulate spins in nanometer-scale devices is by converting a charge current to a spin current via spin–orbit coupling. The resulting spin–orbit torques (SOTs) have been investigated and utilized extensively in the past decade. Quantitatively, however, SOTs may exhibit a non-trivial angular dependence, which is not well explored. Here, we develop a nested iterative analysis to determine the magnitude of SOTs from harmonic Hall measurements. This updated method largely improves the fit quality in the full magnetic field range and accurately retrieves even higher order, anisotropic spin–orbit torque coefficients. The numerical implementation of our algorithm is fast, robust, and designed for easy integration into existing analysis schemes. We verify our code using simulated data with and without anisotropic SOTs. Accurately quantifying higher order SOT terms can be especially useful for modeling non-uniform magnetic textures such as domain walls and skyrmions and current-induced magnetization switching characteristics.
Research on the contact time of a bouncing microdroplet with lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Tai Yaolin , Zhao Yang , Guo Xinyu , Li Linan , Wang Shibin , Xia Zhenyan
Published: April 2021

The bouncing dynamics of microdroplets with various viscosities on a superhydrophobic surface is numerically investigated. An axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann method is developed on the basis of Zheng et al. capable of handling multiphase flows with a large density ratio, which is implemented to simulate the impact. It is shown that in the low-viscosity regime, the contact time tc remains constant over a wide Weber number range (10 < We < 120), which is consistent with macro-scale bouncing. Nevertheless, in the high-viscosity regime, tc increases with impact velocity. A contact number T≡WeRe−1/2=ρD0 ηU03/σ21/2 is proposed to describe the viscosity effect; meanwhile, a new scaling τ ∼ D0/U0T=ρηD03U0/σ21/2 is deduced to characterize the contact time for this regime, and the simulated results for such droplets agree well with the new scaling. To find out the internal physical mechanism, the evolution of kinetic energy, dissipated energy, and velocity vector fields is studied, which quantifies the impact dynamics. Also, simulation data demonstrate that viscous dissipation is not negligible even for relatively low-viscosity fluids. These findings are highly useful for fundamental understanding of microdroplet dynamics with various viscosities, and it can be used to precisely control the contact time.
MgGa2O4 as alternative barrier for perpendicular MRAM junctions and VCMA
Authors: Mertens S. , Couet S. , Carpenter R. , Swerts J. , Crotti D. , Kar G. Sankar
Published: April 2021

The CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is the central element of any high performance perpendicular Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) device. The MgO tunnel barrier, in contact with CoFeB films at both sides in the magnetic tunnel junction, provides a high tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) thanks to the high crystalline quality of the MgO/CoFeB interface achieved upon post-deposition annealing. We study MgGa2O4 as an alternative barrier material due to its lower bandgap and show how to introduce it into state-of-the-art perpendicular MRAM stacks. We demonstrate that thin MgO films at both sides of the barrier are key to ensure a proper crystallization and induce reference layer and free layer perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Consequently, a stack incorporating a MgGaxOy barrier with full PMA and TMR > 100% can be fabricated with a resistance-area (RA) product as low as 50 Ω μm2, which is of strong interest as a potential barrier in the field of voltage control magnetic anisotropy MRAM.
Thermophysical properties of low-density neon gas from highly accurate first-principles calculations and dielectric-constant gas thermometry measurements
Authors: Hellmann Robert , Gaiser Christof , Fellmuth Bernd , Vasyltsova Tatjana , Bich Eckard
Published: April 2021

New interatomic potential energy and interaction-induced polarizability curves for two ground-state neon atoms were developed and used to predict the second density, acoustic, and dielectric virial coefficients and the dilute gas shear viscosity and thermal conductivity of neon at temperatures up to 5000 K. The potential energy curve is based on supermolecular coupled-cluster (CC) calculations at very high levels up to CC with single, double, triple, quadruple, and perturbative pentuple excitations [CCSDTQ(P)]. Scalar and spin–orbit relativistic effects, the diagonal Born–Oppenheimer correction, and retardation of the dispersion interactions were taken into account. The interaction-induced polarizability curve, which in this work is only needed for the calculation of the second dielectric virial coefficient, is based on supermolecular calculations at levels up to CCSDT and includes a correction for scalar relativistic effects. In addition to these first-principles calculations, highly accurate dielectric-constant gas thermometry (DCGT) datasets measured at temperatures from 24.5 to 200 K were analyzed to obtain the difference between the second density and dielectric virial coefficients with previously unattained accuracy. The agreement of the DCGT values with the ones resulting from the first-principles calculations is, despite some small systematic deviations, very satisfactory. Apart from this combination of two virial coefficients, the calculated thermophysical property values of this work are significantly more accurate than any available experimental data.
Perspective on the physics of two-dimensional perovskites in high magnetic field
Authors: Surrente Alessandro , Baranowski Michał , Plochocka Paulina
Published: April 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites consist of atomically thin layers composed of low bandgap metal-halide slabs, surrounded by high bandgap organic ligands, which behave as barriers. In this Perspective, we highlight how the use of large magnetic fields has been an extremely insightful tool to unravel some of the fundamental electronic properties of 2D perovskites. We focus on the combination of magnetoabsorption measurements and theoretical modeling to extract the carrier effective mass, on the use of magnetic field to clarify the fine structure of the exciton manifold, and on how magnetic fields can be helpful to correctly assign side peaks in the complex absorption or photoluminescence spectra displayed by 2D perovskites. We finally point out some challenges which might be successfully addressed by magneto-optical experimental techniques.
Attenuating surface gravity waves with mechanical metamaterials
Authors: De Vita F. , De Lillo F. , Bosia F. , Onorato M.
Published: April 2021

Metamaterials and photonic/phononic crystals have been successfully developed in recent years to achieve advanced wave manipulation and control, both in electromagnetism and mechanics. However, the underlying concepts are yet to be fully applied to the field of fluid dynamics and water waves. Here, we present an example of the interaction of surface gravity waves with a mechanical metamaterial, i.e., periodic underwater oscillating resonators. In particular, we study a device composed of an array of periodic submerged harmonic oscillators whose objective is to absorb wave energy and dissipate it inside the fluid in the form of heat. The study is performed using a state-of-the-art direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equation in its two-dimensional form with free boundary and moving bodies. We use a volume of fluid interface technique for tracking the surface and an immersed boundary method for the fluid–structure interaction. We first study the interaction of a monochromatic wave with a single oscillator and then add up to four resonators coupled only fluid-mechanically. We study the efficiency of the device in terms of the total energy dissipation and find that by adding resonators, the dissipation increases in a nontrivial way. As expected, a large energy attenuation is achieved when the wave and resonators are characterized by similar frequencies. As the number of resonators is increased, the range of attenuated frequencies also increases. The concept and results presented herein are of relevance for coastal protection applications.
Magnetic passivation using chiral molecules
Authors: Goren Naama , Yochelis Shira , Jung Grzegorz , Paltiel Yossi
Published: April 2021

In the last decades, spin-based devices have been developed in the effort for achieving faster memories, with low power consumption. To realize high working frequencies, which are required for current operating electronics, noise reduction is critical. We show that chiral molecule monolayer linked with thiols can reduce the magnetic scattering noise in ferromagnetic devices. The chiral monolayer passivates both magnetic disorder and surface impurities. We ascribe these results to the combination of thiol passivation, with the effect of the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect. The chiral molecules orient the magnetic domain reducing magnetic fluctuations.
Multiscale photonic imaging of the native and implanted cochlea
Authors: Keppeler Daniel , Kampshoff Christoph A. , Thirumalai Anupriya , Duque-Afonso Carlos J. , Schaeper Jannis J. , Quilitz Tabea , Töpperwien Mareike , Vogl Christian , Hessler Roland , Meyer Alexander , Salditt Tim , Moser Tobias
Published: April 2021

Significance

For the development of gene therapy and optical cochlear implants (oCI), detailed knowledge of the cochlear morphology is crucial. Here, we employed multiscale X-ray and fluorescence imaging for quantitative assessment of scala tympani, vestibuli, and media, as well as the spiral ganglion in Rosenthal’s canal for various species commonly used in auditory research. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of oCI implantation for rodents and marmosets, as a nonhuman primate model. Using modeling of light propagation from the emitters of the oCI, we estimate the frequency selectivity and range covered by optical stimulation within the cochlea.
Cellular-resolution gene expression profiling in the neonatal marmoset brain reveals dynamic species- and region-specific differences
Authors: Kita Yoshiaki , Nishibe Hirozumi , Wang Yan , Hashikawa Tsutomu , Kikuchi Satomi S. , U Mami , Yoshida Aya C. , Yoshida Chihiro , Kawase Takashi , Ishii Shin , Skibbe Henrik , Shimogori Tomomi
Published: April 2021

Significance

The MGA contains a large gene expression dataset from the developing brain of the common marmoset. However, the data represent the gene expression patterns across the entire brain, and methods to isolate region-specific gene expression patterns will provide important information regarding primate brain structure, function, and cellular and molecular organization. We have developed a system, GePS, that systematically identifies genes expressed in selected regions of the common marmoset brain. Comprehensive, comparative gene expression analysis with mice revealed many genes with species- and region-specific expression. Moreover, by combining GePS with the gene expression comparison and cortical area projection mapping systems, we were able to provide further insight into the molecular organization of these species- and region-specific gene expression patterns.
An intracellular nanobody targeting T4SS effector inhibits
Ehrlichia
infection
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Lin Mingqun , Yan Qi , Budachetri Khemraj , Hou Libo , Sahni Ashweta , Liu Hongyan , Han Nien-Ching , Lakritz Jeffrey , Pei Dehua , Rikihisa Yasuko
Published: April 2021

Significance

Disease-relevant targets of infection by obligatory intracellular pathogens are beyond the reach of conventional antibodies. The neutralizing targets of intracellular pathogens in host cells are mostly unknown. The present study attempted to overcome these limitations with a combination of nanobodies, transfection, and a cell-permeable peptide delivery method to inhibit infection and determine inhibitory mechanisms.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
uses the type IV secretion system to deliver bacterial effector Etf-1 to establish intracellular infection. Our study demonstrates that a nanobody can specifically block Etf-1 functions and thereby block
E. chaffeensis
infection in cell culture and in a mouse model, suggesting that this approach can be developed as a therapeutic intervention for human monocytic ehrlichiosis and other diseases caused by intracellular infections.
Precision mapping child undernutrition for nearly 600,000 inhabited census villages in India
Authors: Kim Rockli , Bijral Avleen S. , Xu Yun , Zhang Xiuyuan , Blossom Jeffrey C. , Swaminathan Akshay , King Gary , Kumar Alok , Sarwal Rakesh , Lavista Ferres Juan M. , Subramanian S. V.
Published: April 2021

Significance

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prediction of child anthropometric failure estimates for 597,121 villages—the smallest local governance unit—in India. While prior child nutrition policies and programs in India focused on districts for planning, implementation, and monitoring, we highlight that a majority of the geographic variation in child anthropometric failures occur at the micro geographic level of villages followed by the macro administrative level of states. Precision mapping of health data at the village level can enable more informed and effective local politics in India.
Genome-wide toxicogenomic study of the lanthanides sheds light on the selective toxicity mechanisms associated with critical materials
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , Faulkner David , An Dahlia D. , Hébert Solène , Loguinov Alex , Proctor Michael , Villalobos Jonathan A. , Bjornstad Kathleen A. , Rosen Chris J. , Vulpe Christopher , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: April 2021

Significance

The growing use of lanthanides in various industries has increased the potential for human exposure to large concentrations of these heavy metals throughout the life cycle of new technologies, requiring more detailed investigations into their toxicological properties. The eukaryote model organism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is ideal to apply functional toxicogenomics tools at the system level and probe fundamental cellular functions disrupted by rare-earth metals. A comprehensive mechanistic assay was conducted to evaluate toxicity across the entire lanthanide series and provide information about which toxicological mechanisms may be shared by the different metals. We identified distinct characteristic behaviors between early and middle/late lanthanides, highlighting the powerful discrimination capabilities of natural systems and pointing to detailed mechanistic pathways associated with lanthanide exposure.
The Youth Engagement with Global Sustainability Inventory (YEGSI): development and validity-based studies (Inventario de Compromiso Juvenil con la Sostenibilidad: estudios de desarrollo y validez)
Authors: Moreira Paulo A. S.
Published: April 2021

The construct of engagement has great potential for understanding adolescents’ subjective connection to/identification with global sustainability issues. However, there are currently no validated instruments for measuring young people’s engagement with global sustainability from a multidimensional psychological perspective. This study presents the Youth Engagement with Global Sustainability Inventory (YEGSI) and an assessment of its psychometric properties using a sample of 692 adolescents. An exploratory factor analysis using a random half of the sample ( n = 341) revealed five dimensions: cognitive, emotional, behavioural, school, and family. A confirmatory factor analysis using the remaining participants ( n = 351) supported modelling these factors as a correlated five-factor model. All five subscales had good reliability. Positive correlations between YEGSI dimensions and wellbeing were identified, indicating the scale had convergent validity. In sum, the YEGSI appeared to be a valid and reliable measure. This measure has the potential to develop research and practice in the domain of engagement with sustainability.
Chaos physics: what to teach in three lessons?
Authors: Tél Tamás
Published: April 2021

Chaotic phenomena are not part of standard curricula, although this subject offers several interesting aspects which can help students better understand basic features of science. A central observation is that even simple physical systems, if chaotic, are unpredictable, just like the weather. We present the principles applied when developing a freely available short interactive material and outline the material itself. By the means of this material students can become acquainted with the elements of chaos science and also learn that the regular motions taught in physics lessons are the exceptions rather than the rule since a slight modification of the set-up (e.g. letting the suspension point of a pendulum move periodically) converts the motion to chaotic. The material can be used in both classroom and online teaching.
Optical strong coupling in hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial for terahertz sensing*
Authors: Xu Ling , Shen Yun , Gu Liangliang , Li Yin , Deng Xiaohua , Wei Zhifu , Xu Jianwei , Cao Juncheng
Published: April 2021

We propose a terahertz hybrid metamaterial composed of subwavelength metallic slits and graphene plasmonic ribbons for sensing application. This special design can cause the interaction between the plasmon resonances of the metallic slits and graphene ribbons, giving rise to a strong coupling effect and Rabi splitting. Intricate balancing in the strong coupling region can be perturbed by the carrier concentration of graphene, which is subject to the analyte on its surface. Thereby, the detection of analyte can be reflected as a frequency shift of resonance in terahertz transmission spectra. The result shows that this sensor can achieve a theoretical detection limit of 325 electrons or holes per square micrometer. Meanwhile, it also works well as a refractive index sensor with the frequency sensitivity of 485 GHz/RIU. Our results may contribute to design of ultra-micro terahertz sensors.
Improving the purity of heralded single-photon sources through spontaneous parametric down-conversion process*
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Chun-Hui , Liu Jing-Yang , Qian Xue-Rui , Li Jian , Wang Qin
Published: April 2021

The high-purity single-photon source plays an important role in the field of quantum information. Usually, it is generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. In this paper, we investigate and summarize a few approaches on obtaining single-photon sources with a high purity using either PPKTP or PPLN nonlinear crystals. Moreover, we present improved schemes to increase the purity based on existing work, corresponding applicable conditions and procedures are discussed and analyzed. Besides, we carry out numerical simulations and show that nearly perfect purity can be reached even without using any filters. Therefore, this work might provide valuable references for the generation and application of high purity single-photon sources.
Tsunami-induced inundation on the coast of Palu City
Authors: Alam R R R , Adityawan M B , Farid M , Chrysanti A , Widyaningtias  , Kusuma M A
Published: April 2021

The frequency of tsunamis in Indonesia is smaller than other natural disasters. But its destructive power is quite large. Although this disaster has a low probability of occurring. The losses caused by these disaster equaled and even exceeded frequent disasters such as floods and landslides. More than 85% of tsunamis in Indonesia were caused by underwater earthquakes. Thus, mitigation efforts are needed to minimize the impact of the tsunami disaster. The source of the tsunami wave was generated on the Makassar Strait Thrust North Fault. In this study, tsunami was modelled by using Delft3D software. The model approach uses the principle of momentum and continuity. The area of the model was divided into 2 grids. The wave reached the bay mouth in 10 minutes and arrived at the coast of the study area in 20 minutes. The highest peak of water level on the coast occurred in the second wave with an amplitude of 2.45 m and a wave height of 5.19 m. The inundation map was compared to the recorded data from the 2018 tsunami. It was found that there is no significant difference between the two although the tsunami generation were different.
Seismic assessment of irregularities in steel special moment resisting frame with asymmetric-plan building (case study: Gedung D - Universitas Dharma Andalas)
Authors: Fitrah R A , Mazni D I , Pratiwi W , Jauhari Z A
Published: April 2021

The limitation of land is becoming the issue where the symmetric-plan building could not always be the proper choice. Besides that, the demands of architectural and esthetical construction also quickly increase. Then, there is the possibility where asymmetric-plan building will be the choice, in this case Gedung-D Universitas Dharma Andalas. But, designing asymmetric-plan building is having obstacle where the past studies revealed that the damage under strong ground motion become the major problem. It is because the asymmetric-plan will lead excessive torsion due to the horizontal irregularities or soft-story issue due to vertical irregularities. Then, it certainly affects the stability of structure. This research conducted the seismic assessment of asymmetric-plan 5-story building where Gedung-D Universitas Dharma Andalas, Padang will take place. The assessment is conducted by modeling three dimensional steel special moment resisting frame with seismic design category-D. Equivalent lateral force is applied to obtain early identification and response spectrum analysis is used in the next procedure to fulfill additional requirements. Based on SNI 1726:2019, the building has been categorized as horizontal irregularities where torsional irregularities and re-entrant corner irregularities mostly happened. It indicates that the other additional requirements need to be reconsidered such as increasing the design force about 25%, the amplified accidental torsions, P-? effect. In the other hand, vertical irregularities do not act toward this building. However, there are some inadequate values of inter-story drifts in X-direction toward drift limit. Then, it is concluded that this asymmetric-plan multi-story building needs to be designed in lateral resistance if this will be planned in future and act the good seismic performance.