bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mars Thermosphere Terminator Structure and Variability Over a Solar Cycle.
Authors: Thiemann Ed , Bougher Stephen , Payne Collin , Jones Nicholas , Yiğit Erdal , Gasperini Federico , Eparvier Francis
Published: July 2024

Introduction:  The Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor (EUVM) onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) orbiter measures thermospheric density from about 110 to 200 km via solar occultations using its 17-22 nm channel in addition to EUVM’s primary solar irradiance measurement [1]. The EUVM solar occultation (SO) data record [2] ranges from late 2014 through the present (2024), spanning nearly an entire solar cycle and 5 Mars years. Features inherent to solar occultations, namely their insensitivity to absolute calibration and inherently fixed local time, allow for the characterization of long-term variability of the upper atmosphere. Solar EUV Variability:  Solar EUV irradiance is the primary energy input to the Mars upper atmosphere. The EUVM SO data are analyzed for the dependence of exospheric temperature on solar EUV forcing. In general, these results are consistent with prior measurements of exospheric temperature sensitivity to EUV irradiance. However, the extensive nature of the EUVM SO data, spanning 5 Mars Years and much of a solar cycle, show that EUV temperature sensitivity varies between dawn and dusk and across seasons: The EUV temperature sensitivity tends to be higher at dawn and weaker at aphelion.Latitudinal and Local Time Structure:  The EUV-induced variability is detrended from the EUVM SO data in order to characterize latitudinal and local time dependences. Thermospheric Polar Warming is evident in the winter pole at perihelion, as expected from measurements prior to MAVEN’s arrival at Mars. The EUVM SO data also show the first conclusive Thermospheric Polar Warming at the winter pole at aphelion [3]. This warming is observed to increase with the increase of dust in the summer hemisphere.Seasonal Variability: The EUV-detrended data are also characterized for seasonal variability. Globally, there is no discernable seasonal variability beyond the modulation of solar EUV irradiance due to the Mars orbit eccentricity.Sensitivity to Gravity Waves: The Mars Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (MGITM) [4] with a whole atmosphere nonlinear gravity wave parametrization [5] is compared to the EUVM SO observations to determine when small-scale gravity waves significantly influence exospheric temperature by adding and removing gravity waves to the model. In many cases, but not all, the inclusion of gravity waves in MGTIM yields better model-measurement agreement.References:[1] Eparvier, F. G., et al. Space Science Reviews 195 (2015): 293-301. [2] Thiemann, E. M. B., et al. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 123.9 (2018): 2248-2269. [3] Thiemann, Edward MB, et al. Geophysical Research Letters 51.5 (2024): e2023GL107140. [4] Bougher, S. W., et al. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 120.2 (2015): 311-342. [5] Yiğit, Erdal, et al. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114.D7 (2009).
Plume dust mass density derived from dust impact plasma measured by in situ Cassini instruments at Enceladus
Authors: Hsu Hsiang-Wen , Dong Yaxue
Published: July 2024

The plume of Enceladus is one of the most complex space plasma environments ever explored. Every second, hundreds of kilograms of water vapor and ice grains are emitted from subsurface liquid water reservoirs, interacting with Saturn’s magnetosphere. Abundant ice grains micron-sized and smaller were suggested to be a significant plasma electron sink in the dusty plume. However, recent reanalysis of Cassini in situ plume measurements suggests that dust impact plasma, i.e., low-temperature plasma produced from high-speed dust impacts, has significant effects on both Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) and Langmuir probe (Radio and Plasma Wave Sciences) data. Taking impact plasma production into account, our analysis utilizes multiple in situ dataset over various plume crossings and provides direct constraints on the plume dust mass density agnostic to grain size distribution. 
This presentation will focus on comparing the Cassini Langmuir probe and CAPS dataset from multiple Enceladus flybys to quantify the impact plasma effects. We will also compare the derived plume dust mass density from these two independent measurements. 
Apophis Cratering Experiment
Authors: Walsh Kevin , Klein Viliam
Published: July 2024

Apophis will be one of the best studied of all asteroids due to the long visit of OSIRIS-APEX in 2029 and 2030. Here, we define a mission concept to leverage the capabilities OSIRIS-APEX as an observer and perform a cratering experiment at Apophis with an independent impactor spacecraft.Apophis is very likely a rubble pile formed from reaccumulated debris following the disruption of a larger parent asteroid in the Main Belt and should be a generic representative of rubble pile formation and evolution. This is possibly a different formation and evolution than experienced by the target of the DART experiment – Dimorphos, which itself was a satellite of a larger asteroid. It probably formed from mass shedding events from its primary which may involve very gradual accretion.Rubble pile asteroids have been targets of artificial cratering experiments, where Hayabusa2 Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI) created a large ~14m crater on asteroid Ryugu, and OSIRIS-REx created a nearly 10m crater on Bennu using its sampling mechanism and thrusters. The DART spacecraft impacted the asteroid Dimorphos with enough energy to likely significantly deform its shape.Here, we propose a mission to impact Apophis, impart a measureable Delta-V, and make a larger and deeper crater than previous efforts. A 65kg impactor impacting Apophis at 7km/s will make a crater between 20-50m in diameter based on best knowledge of crater formation derived from the findings of SCI. This would result in an excavation of 2-8m deep – well below the depths previously explored and into the depths where crater morphology suggested increased strength at Bennu and Ryugu.For the nominal mass of Apophis with simple momentum transfer (Beta=1), the resulting Delta-V would be 0.01mm/s. While incredibly small, it is ~2.5x larger than the formal 1-sigma tracking uncertainties for OSIRIS-REx at Bennu, owing to its long baseline of study and highly capable radio science package. The momentum enhancement expected in the cratering process should increase the Delta-V.The combined knowledge of the mass of the target owing to OSIRIS-APEX and the measured Delta-V directly reports on the efficiency of momentum transfer during the cratering collision – the Beta parameter.Owing to the importance of OSIRIS-APEX mapping and orbiting of Apophis for the interpretation of a cratering experiment, an impact after the completion of those studies would be ideal. Thus, an ideal impact time is after November 2030. This allows for a wide range of launch opportunities even some that are after the Apophis Earth flyby.Notably, this experiment leverages the science instruments from OSIRIS-APEX entirely, requiring only key instrumentation for the impactor spacecraft survival and navigation. The large desired mass may also allow additional instrumentation to fly along in deep space for technology maturation purposes.
Venus cloud opacity from the Venus Express observations in the near-IR transparency “windows” 
Authors: Titov Dmitrij
Published: July 2024

Imaging of the Venus night side in the near-infrared spectral transparency “windows” at 1, 1.7 and 2.3 µm by Venus Express revealed details of the deep cloud structure and total opacity variations. These observations provide important clues for understanding of the atmospheric and cloud dynamics and the energy balance in the thick Venusian atmosphere. The most remarkable change of the cloud opacity occurs at about 60 S latitude where the emission from the deep atmosphere strongly decreases that corresponds to abrupt transition to the much thicker polar cloud with almost doubled total opacity. We will present results of the radiative transfer modelling by the Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinates Method (SHDOM) simulating outgoing emission on the night side and preliminary assessments of the total cloud opacity and its variability.         
Radio Scintillations observed during Venus Express radio occultation measurements
Authors: Oschlisniok Janusz , Pätzold Martin , Tellmann Silvia , Häusler Bernd
Published: July 2024

Radio occultation measurements conducted at Venus have yielded invaluable insights into the atmospheric properties of the planet. Among the intriguing phenomena observed during these measurements is radio scintillation, marked by rapid fluctuations in signal intensity. These scintillations arise from small-scale irregularities in the refractive index, which are associated with corresponding variations in atmospheric density. One possible cause of these variations is the presence of vertical propagating internal gravity waves.The frequency-dependent nature of radio scintillations has been observed at altitudes characterized by enhanced atmospheric stability, where the propagation of gravity waves is facilitated. Thus, gravity waves offer a plausible explanation for the occurrence of radio scintillations. Analyzing radio scintillations provides valuable information regarding the intensity and global distribution of gravity waves.During the period from 2006 to 2014, the Venus Express mission probed the atmosphere of Venus using X- and S-band radio waves. In this study, we present the characteristics of radio scintillations observed in the X- and S-band radio signals from Venus Express. Additionally, we examine latitudinal and temporal variations and compare them with the variations evident in temperature profiles derived from Venus Express radio occultation measurements. Furthermore, we offer comparisons with previous observations of radio scintillations.
Mapping the transition from liquid to supercritical water on sub-Neptunes
Authors: Innes Hamish , Pierrehumbert Raymond
Published: July 2024

“Water worlds” - planets with rocky cores overlain by water-rich envelopes - may make up a significant proportion of the sub-Neptune population and their atmospheric characterisation with JWST can offer insights into planetary formation and migration (e.g., Benneke et al. 2024). Whereas colder water worlds may be able to form liquid water oceans and have hydrogen-rich upper atmospheres, warmer planets would contain water in a supercritical state. In this case, hydrogen in the envelope mixes with the supercritical water and the observable upper atmosphere would have a high mean molecular weight with a smaller scale height. In intermediate regimes, a supercritical water layer will lie below a condensing cloud deck and hydrogen-dominated upper atmosphere. In this work, we aim to define the boundary between these three regimes using a 1D radiative-convective model. Our model uses the SOCRATES radiative transfer code coupled to a radiative-convective driver to solve for equilibrium temperature-pressure profiles in a water world atmosphere. We account for the effects of convective inhibition in the condensing layers and the non-idealness of supercritical water at high temperatures and pressures, both of which can dramatically affect the structure of the atmosphere. The resulting framework allows us to demarcate the transition between ocean worlds and sub-Neptunes with a mixed envelope as a function of instellation, interior flux and envelope composition. In the case where water is supercritical, the level at which condensation occurs (and the cold-trapping of water vapour) determines whether the observable atmosphere is hydrogen or water-dominated. We discuss whether the change in composition of the upper atmosphere accompanied by this transition would be observable. 
Io's Alfvén Wing Electron Density Measured by Juno Radio Occultations
Authors: Caruso Andrea , Buccino Dustin , Coffin Drew , Gomez Casajus Luis , Parisi Marzia , Zannoni Marco , Gramigna Edoardo , Withers Paul , Tortora Paolo , Park Ryan S. , Steffes Paul , Bolton Scott
Published: July 2024

The Jovian magnetosphere, the largest in the Solar System, extends up to 50-100 Jovian radii. Io, Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon, orbits deep within this magnetosphere. Io’s volcanic activity emits 1 ton per second of material into the magnetosphere mainly SO2. Collisions with magnetospheric particles ionize SO2, forming a torus-shaped plasma cloud called the Io Plasma Torus (IPT) around Jupiter. When Io moves through Jupiter’s magnetic field, Alfvén waves are generated that propagate along Jupiter's magnetic field lines, leading to Alfvén Wings that extend from Io toward Jupiter's poles.In the past few years, Juno’s radio science instrumentation, which can transmit dual-frequency X-band (8.4 GHz) and Ka-band (32 GHz) radio signals, has been used to conduct radio occultation experiments for the measurements of the ionospheric plasma surrounding Jupiter and its moons, Ganymede and Europa. Recently, the spacecraft performed two close flybys of Io on December 29, 2023 and February 4, 2024, namely I57 and I58. During both encounters, the radio ray path traveled through the Alfvén wings that connect Io to Jupiter. On both Io’s flybys, the downlink plasma was extracted using the dual-link single-uplink multifrequency calibration. Indeed, by performing a linear combination of the X and Ka-band data collected at the Earth’s antenna (namely, the differential frequency depicted in Figure 1), we can directly extract the dispersive contribution to the Doppler shift in the downlink. The extracted Doppler shift induced by the dispersive media indicated a high electron concentration within the Alfvén wings.Figure 1 Downlink plasma obtained by a linear combination of X and Ka-band data collected during the Io's flybys I57 and I58These data provide information on the path delay of the signal and, consequently, the Total Electron Content along the line of sight. In order to retrieve the electron density inside these structures from the Doppler measurements, we must introduce some geometrical assumptions on the Alfvén wing's size, orientation, and electron density distribution. Due to their tubular shape, conventional radio occultation inversion methods cannot be used to perform this analysis. Consequently, for these experiments we developed novel techniques tailored to this particular case. We modified an existing ray-tracing-based inversion algorithm, used in the past for the analysis of spherical and oblate ionospheres, by adding the assumption of a cylindrical distribution of electrons within the Alfvén wing. Alternatively, we assumed the electron density to be constant along horizontal tubes parallel to the Juno-Earth line to get an average density along the portion of the line-of-sight traversing the Alfvén wing. Using these approaches led to electron densities up to 17,000-30,000 cm-3 .
Physical characterization of select near-Earth asteroids from one flyby
Authors: Koleńczuk Paweł , Kwiatkowski Tomasz , Kamińska Monika , Kamiński Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, the number of discovered near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) has been increasing exponentially, and most of them are very small object ranging in size from a few to about 200 m. Due to their small size, they are usually discovered shortly before or during their approach to Earth. A typical observation window for 1 – 2 m telescopes lasts from several hours to several days. Moreover, for most of them, we only have an opportunity to observe them again a few times per century. Short observation windows combined with the complex observation process of near-Earth asteroids (large sky motion) are the reason for the lack of good determination of physical properties for most of them. Our photometric observations provide the rotation period, color indices, taxonomic type, and, with a sufficiently long observation arc, also phase curves and spin axes. Our main instrument is the 0.7-m RBT telescope in Arizona, but we make many key observations with observers from around the world to extend the observation arc. More about the specifics of NEA observations, results and methodology was published in [1-6]. At the conference, we will present results from observations of a some NEAs. AcknowledgmentsThis research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, Grant No. 2021/41/N/ST9/04259. References[1] Kwiatkowski et al. (2021) Photometry and model of near-Earth asteroid 2021 DW1 from one apparition, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 656, id. A126, 9 pp.[2] Kolenczuk et al. (2023) Colour Indices and Taxonomy of Super-Fast Rotating Very Small Near-Earth Asteroid 2015 RN35, Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference, held 18 - 23 June 2023 in Flagstaff, USA[3] Koleńczuk et al. (2023) Determination of colour indices and taxonomy class of small near-Earth asteroids, European Astronomical Society Annual Meeting, held 10 – 14 July 2023, Kraków, Poland[4] Koleńczuk et al. (2022) Colours and taxonomy of 2022 AB: a super fast rotating near-Earth asteroid, 16th Europlanet Science Congress 2022, held 18 - 23 September 2022, Granada, Spain[5] Koleńczuk et al. (2021) Determination of colour indices of super-fast rotator near-Earth asteroids, 15th Europlanet Science Congress 2021, held virtually, 13-24 September 2021[6] Koleńczuk et al (2020) Photometry of super fast rotating, near-Earth asteroid 2015 KW120, 14th Europlanet Science Congress 2020, held virtually, 21 September 2020 - 9 October 2020 
Challenging the racemic amino acid content of asteroid Ryugu through the reliable enantioselective analysis of the Orgueil meteorite
Authors: Leyva Vanessa , Robert Manuel , Bocková Jana , Meinert Cornelia
Published: July 2024

Because life evolved as an asymmetric phenomenon, any comprehensive theory of its emergence on Earth must explain the origin of biological homochirality—the predominant presence of specific chiral configurations in biopolymers, such as d-sugars in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and l-amino acids in proteins. The systematic reports of an excess of l-amino acids in several carbonaceous meteorites prompted the hypothesis that interstellar chemistry may have played a role in the origin of homochiral biomolecules by biasing the presumably racemic abiotic pool on early Earth through the delivery of extraterrestrial debris containing enantioenriched molecules [1]. Asymmetric photochemistry by circularly polarized light (CPL) constitutes the leading explanation for the observed l-excesses of amino acids in meteorites due to its proved capability of inducing enantiomeric excesses (ee) in amino acids via asymmetric photolysis [2] and the discovery of CP radiation in infrared star-forming regions [3].However, recent findings concerning the enantioselective analyses of amino acids from asteroid Ryugu [4], and more recently, from asteroid Bennu [5], seem to contradict the CPL scenario. All amino acids found in these pristine samples, which theoretically should be free from terrestrial contamination, have been reported as racemic. We aim to challenge these findings by comparing them with the results of our comprehensive methodology for the reliable enantioselective analyses of extra-terrestrial chiral amino acids. Our study focuses on the Orgueil meteorite, a CI chondrite known to resemble the mineralogy and amino acid composition of the asteroid Ryugu [6]. We propose that the observed racemic contents in Ryugu, and possibly Bennu, could potentially stem from the limited quantity of samples analysed and the resulting constraints in the reliability of the available analytical methodologies. This limitation, especially in accurately quantifying small ees (
On the origin of the dearth of hot exoplanets around fast-rotating stars
Authors: Strugarek Antoine , Garcia Rafael , Gourvès Clémence , Santos Angela , Mathur Savita , Brun Sacha , Mathis Stéphane , Breton Sylvain , Godoy Rivera Diego , Beck Paul
Published: July 2024

In 2013, a dearth of close-in planets around fast-rotating host stars wasfound using statistical tests on Kepler data. The addition of more Kepler andTransiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) systems in 2022 seemingly filled this regionof the diagram of stellar rotation period (Prot) versus the planet orbitalperiod (Porb). Here, we revisit the Prot extraction of Kepler planet-host stars, weclassify the stars by their spectral type, and we studied their Prot-Porbrelations.  In order to learn about the physical processes at work, we used the star-planetevolution code ESPEM to compute a realistic, post-disk population synthesis of exoplanet systems andcompared them with observations. We take into account stellar wind braking, and both tidal and magnetic torques applied to the close-in planet which leads to its migration. Because ESPEM works with a single planetorbiting around a single main-sequence star, we limit our study to thispopulation of Kepler observed systems filtering out binaries, evolved stars,and multi-planets.  In this talk, we show that the dearth in close-in planets orbiting around fast-rotating stars is confirmed both in observations and simulations. We unveil adependence of the dearth on the stellar spectral type (F, G, and K), which is a proxy of themass in our sample of stars. There is a change in the edge of the dearth as afunction of the spectral type (and mass). It moves towards shorter Prot astemperature (and mass) increases, making the dearth look smaller. Realisticformation hypotheses included in the model and the proper treatment of post-disk tidaland magnetic migration are all needed to qualitatively explain the dearth of hotplanets around fast-rotating stars and the uncovered trend with spectral type.
Radio Sounding of the Venusian Atmosphere with the RSE Experiment on EnVision
Authors: Tellmann Silvia , Oschlisniok Janusz , Pätzold Martin , Dumoulin Caroline , Rosenblatt Pascal
Published: July 2024

EnVision has been selected in the M5 call of ESA’s Cosmic Vision program as the next European led mission to Venus. It is dedicated to unravel some of the numerous open questions about Venus' past, current state and future and will help to understand why Venus and Earth evolved so differently.The Radio Science Experiment (RSE) consists of two different experiments: it will perform extensive studies of the gravitational field but also Radio Occultations to sense the Venus atmosphere and ionosphere at a high vertical resolution of only a few hundred metres. These radio occultations provide electron density profiles in the ionosphere and atmospheric density, temperature and pressure profiles in the upper troposphere and mesosphere (~40 – 90 km). Additionally, they allow to study the H2SO4 absorption in the Venus cloud layer.The first radio occultation experiment at Venus was conducted during the Mariner 5 flyby in 1967, followed by Mariner 10, several Venera missions, Magellan, and the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, and Akatsuki. The most extensive radio occultation study of the Venus atmosphere so far was carried out by the VeRa experiment on Venus Express.EnVision will use two coherent frequencies (X- and Ka-band) to separate dispersive and nondispersive effects. This allows to distinguish between ionospheric wave structures and other noise induced effects in the ionosphere.The use of Ka-band, which has never been used to sense the Venus atmosphere before, allows to study the H2SO4 absorption in the Venus cloud layer due to its high sensitivity to sulfuric acid absorption. Ka-band is also sensitive to liquid H2SO4 which provides the opportunity (in combination with X-band) to distinguish between gaseous and liquid H2SO4 absorption features on Venus for the very first time.The short orbital period of EnVision in combination with its very small orbital inclination allows to cover all latitudes, longitudes, local times and solar zenith angles on Venus. Especially short-term variations caused by atmospheric waves can be identified to study traveling or stationary small scale atmospheric structures.
On the 3-Dimension dynamics in 99942 Apophis vicinity
Authors: Borderes Motta Gabriel , Kastinen Daniel , Kero Johan , Valvano Giulia , Machado-Oliveira Raí , Winter Othon C. , Sfair Rafael
Published: July 2024

The close approach of the Near-Earth Asteroid 99942 Apophis with Earth in 2029 will shed light on this irregularly shaped object. Since its discovery in 2004, studies, observations, and missions to this object have been performed or planned. Brozović et al. (2018) derived the most recent polyhedron shape model of Apophis. The shape provides an accurate model to study the dynamics around the asteroid. In this work, we aim to study the dynamics around 99942 Apophis. We use the shape model to build a MASCON(mass concentration) model(Geissler et al. 1996) and we use this model to compute the Poincaré Surface of Section(PSS) as proposed by Borderes-Motta & Winter (2017). With this approach, we can map the dynamics around an irregular body, identifying families of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits, and regions of chaos. The stable regions mapped by the PSS indicate where observation missions can seek for structures of meteoroids orbiting the asteroid. Our study can also provide valuable information for space missions to the asteroid, such as safe regions where a spacecraft can pass though to approach to the asteroid. In future works, we will also study the effect of the Earth's gravitational perturbation during the 2029 approach on the families of periodic orbits.References:Borderes-Motta, G. & Winter, O. C. 2017, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 474, 2452 (https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2958)Brozović, M., Benner, L. A., McMichael, J. G., et al. 2018, Icarus, 300, 115–128 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.032)Geissler, P., Petit, J. M., Durda, D. D., et al. 1996, Icarus, 120, 140 (https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.0042)
Optical observations of Didymos between DART and Hera with the NTT
Authors: Rozek Agata , Snodgrass Colin , Pravec Petr , Knight Matthew , Thomas Christina , Lister Tim , Cannon Richard E. , Murphy Brian
Published: July 2024

The binary asteroid system Didymos-Dimorphos is an important planetary defence mission target. In September 2022 the NASA DART mission successfully changed the orbit of Dimorphos around Didymos through kinetic impact. In late 2026 the ESA Hera mission will arrive to study the aftermath of the impact in situ. One of the base requirements of the DART mission was that the orbital period change be measured from ground-based observations. This goal was achieved in the first weeks post-impact (Thomas et al. 2023). However, extended studies have put into question the stability of the new orbit (Scheirich et al. 2024, Naidu et al. 2024, Pravec et al. 2024).We will conduct observations of the  Didymos-Dimorphos system in August 2024 with the European Southern Observatory’s 3.6m New Technology Telescope (NTT) in Chile. The goal of these observations is to monitor the orbit of the asteroid pair in the 'short-term', ahead of Hera’s arrival. The observations will be used to ​reveal whether the orbit is now stable​ and  constrain the rate of change if it is still evolving. This will give us insights into ongoing processes in the system: the ejecta clearing timeline, possible reshaping of Dimorphos through the impact ​and subsequent landslides, and inform models of energy dissipation in the Didymos-Dimorphos system​. We will also investigate whether there is any evidence of on-going mass loss from the system in the form of a tail, as was visible in the months immediately after the DART collision. The outputs of the observing campaign will provide critical input to Hera mission planning​. The main challenge of this campaign is the location of the asteroid system during the planned observations. The Didymos-Dimorphos pair will be crossing the Galactic plane. This means we expect extremely crowded star fields for observations of a quick-moving target. The unusual observing circumstances demand deployment of new difference image analysis (DIA) techniques, based on methods developed by e.g. Bramich et al. (2013), Hitchcock et al. (2021). The DIA methods need to be tailored to observations of fast moving targets with medium-sized telescopes, to allow construction of high-quality image templates within the limits of the awarded telescope time.References:Thomas et al. 2023, Nature, 616, 448 
Bramich et al. 2013, MNRAS, 428, 2275 
Hitchcock et al. 2021, MNRAS, 504, 3561
Scheirich et al. 2024, PSJ, 5, 17
Naidu et al. 2024, PSJ, 5, 74
Pravec et al. 2024 (Icarus, in review)
HANKA> CubeSat Space Dust Analyser
Authors: Maleckova Michaela , Žabka Ján , Zymak Yllia , Polášek Miroslav , Cherville Barnabé , Jašík Juraj , Spesyvyi Anatolii , Lacko Michal , Kashkoul Marwa , Sanderink Arnaud , Nezvedová Markéta , Sixtová Nikola , Charvát Aleš , Abel Bernd
Published: July 2024

Mass spectrometry plays an important role in advancing space exploration. It provides unique insights into the composition of space dust, micrometeorites, and particles from distant large objects and can be used both in orbit and on the surface of an asteroid.The space instrument HANKA (Hmotnostní ANalyzér pro Kosmické Aplikace) is a high-resolution mass spectrometer based on an electrostatic ion trap, which is a principal component of commercial instruments[1] established in biology and medicine research, the so-called Orbitrap™, and the space CosmOrbitrap prototype (developed in LPC2E Orleans[2]). HANKA can take this new technology into space, combining a compact CubeSat space version of this high-resolution ion trap mass analyzer with a velocity/charge detector and hypervelocity impact ionization source.Figure 1:  HANKA – CubeSat space version (a), laboratory prototype (b), and preliminary data from EI source(c)[3]Based on the results obtained from the laboratory prototype, a miniature CubeSat version of the high-resolution mass spectrometer for in-situ exploration in space will be constructed. The proposed parameters of the CubeSat module HANKA are:> Resolution: up to 50 000 at m/z 200         > Mass Range: 2 – 3000 m/z > Dimension: 200x200x100 mm (4U) > Weight: < 6kg> Power:  5-10 WAcknowledgements: This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant No. 21-11931J)References[1] Makarov, A.; Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 1156–1162.[2] Briois C., Thissen R., Thirkell L., et al.; Planet Space Sci. 2016, 131, 33‐45.[3] Zymak Y., Zabka J., Polášek M., et al.; al.; Aerospace 2023, 10(6), 522.
 AI-driven surface mapping and explainable AI for climate insights on Mars
Authors: Fanara Lida , Su Shu , Martynchuk Oleksii , Hauber Ernst , Gwinner Klaus
Published: July 2024

We are deriving insights about the climate evolution of Mars by automating surface mapping and monitoring with AI models. We are also analysing these models’ uncertainty and decision-making process with explainable AI and uncertainty estimation techniques. We focus on ice block fall detection at the north polar region and polygon detection globally.The north polar ice cap on Mars is comprised of ice layers relating to the climate cycles of Mars and this way it preserves a ∼ 4 million years climate change record of the planet. These layers are exposed at the marginal steep scarps of the cap, that are currently active with avalanches and block falls. We are monitoring the mass wasting activity at the north polar region by detecting ice blocks [1] and their sources [2]. We estimate the current erosion rates of all scarps resulting in a detailed map of how this extensive ice-layered dome is being shaped today.At the mid-latitude regions, where large volumes of excess ice exist, young patterned ground resembles glacial and periglacial patterns on Earth. Can freeze-thaw cycles have recently thawed the permafrost on Mars to produce these landforms? This would have implications for the recent hydrologic past of the planet. We detect young ice-wedge polygons to determine their distribution and relationship to the topography with the potential of elucidating the formation mechanism and the role of liquid water in the recent past of Mars.We use AI models to automate surface mapping and monitoring, because they outperform all other methods. However, they are treated as black box systems. We want to know why a model produces a specific response and how certain it is about the correctness of each result. To answer these questions, we put together an application-independent framework that deploys uncertainty estimation and explainable AI methods to provide insights into the decision-making process and assess the uncertainty of the results [3], in this project the uncertainty of the surface mapping.References:[1] Martynchuk O. et al., Computer vision model for monitoring mas wasting activity in the Martian North Polar region. EPSC 2024.[2] Su S. et al., Current mass wasting on icy scarps of Mars: A comprehensive mapping of ice-fragments in the north polar area. AGU 2023.[3] Fanara L. et al., W2: How Certain and Why? Uncertainty Estimation and Explainable AI Applied on Mars Projects. AGU 2023.
Charge Distribution of Ejected Particles after Impact Splash on Mars: A Laboratory Approach
Authors: Becker Tim , Onyeagusi Florence Chioma , Teiser Jens , Jardiel Teresa , Peiteado Marco , Munoz Olga , Martikkainen Julia , Gomez Martin Juan Carlos , Merrison Jonathan , Wurm Gerhard
Published: July 2024

We present laboratory measurements for the charge distribution of dust to sand sized particles that are ejected in small-scale sand grain impacts, simulating saltation bombardement events on the Martian surface. Using a high speed camera, tracking particles within an electric field, we determined charges of individual grains characterizing single grain impacts. While the charge of small particles seems to have random polarity, larger particles show some bias toward positive charges. Such preference could lesd to a charge separation in the free air stream and thus to the establishment of an electric field near the surface, aiding further lifting as e.g. proposed by Renno&Kok 2008* and Holstein-Rathlou et al. 2010**.*Renno, N. O., & Kok, J. F. 2008, SSRv, 137, 419, doi: 10.1007/s11214-008-9377-5**Holstein-Rathlou, C., Gunnlaugsson, H. P., Merrison, J. P., et al. 2010, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 115, doi: 10.1029/2009JE0034
Using the classical model for structured expert judgment to estimate extremes: a case study of discharges in the Meuse River
Authors: Rongen Guus , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo , Kok Matthijs
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Accurate estimation of extreme discharges in rivers, such as the Meuse, is crucial for effective flood risk assessment. However, hydrological models that estimate such discharges often lack transparency regarding the uncertainty in their predictions. This was evidenced by the devastating flood that occurred in July 2021, which was not captured by the existing model for estimating design discharges. This article proposes an approach to obtain uncertainty estimates for extremes with structured expert judgment using the classical model (CM). A simple statistical model was developed for the river basin, consisting of correlated generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions for discharges from upstream tributaries. The model was fitted to seven experts' estimates and historical measurements using Bayesian inference. Results were fitted only to the measurements were solely informative for more frequent events, while fitting only to the expert estimates reduced uncertainty solely for extremes. Combining both historical observations and estimates of extremes provided the most plausible results. The classical model reduced the uncertainty by appointing the most weight to the two most accurate experts, based on their estimates of less extreme discharges. The study demonstrates that with the presented Bayesian approach that combines historical data and expert-informed priors, a group of hydrological experts can provide plausible estimates for discharges and potentially also other (hydrological) extremes with relatively manageable effort.
The Effect of Product Personalization, User Experience, and Consumer Trust on the Level of E-Commerce Consumer Satisfaction in Indonesia
Authors: Endarwati Esti Tri , Indriany Yunita , Rusdianto Rusdianto , Suarniki Ni Nyoman , Pratiwi Lusiana
Published: July 2024

This study looks into how user experience, consumer trust, and product personalization affect Indonesian e-commerce customer happiness. To investigate the associations between these characteristics, data was gathered via surveys and analyzed quantitatively using 225 Indonesian e-commerce customers. The results show that consumer trust is positively influenced by product customisation, and consumer trust is positively influenced by user experience. Furthermore, customer satisfaction and confidence in e-commerce are strongly impacted by product customisation and user experience. These findings highlight the significance of personalized experiences, frictionless communication, and reliability in fostering customer satisfaction among Indonesian online shoppers. Through comprehension of these characteristics, enterprises can formulate focused approaches to augment customer contentment and cultivate enduring connections inside the Indonesian e-commerce domain.
Volume 15 Issue 2 2024
Authors: Nelson Karen , Creagh Tracy
Published: July 2024

TBA
Orígenes y evolución del movimiento liberal en España. El Iberismo
Authors: Almuiña Celso
Published: July 2024

Worthy of note within the Spanish history is the role of the 1808 Generation. Its main task is to start up the substitution of the absolutist regime for a liberal model. In the political arena, the ability shown by the Spanish people to self-govern is surprising. In less than a trimester, a new government is formed: The Supreme Central Board. The freedom of the press and the elaboration of the first Constitution (1812) is good proof of the efficiency achieved, given the critical situation. On military affairs the movement resorts to “total war”: to the peasants especially, base of the “guerrilla” volunteering; also on weaponry: each one fights with what is at hand. The economic, social, political and even psychological consequences are very high, which will be latent for at least half a century of instability between liberal and absolutist governments. The Iberism will gain strength as an alternative, both in Portugal and Spain, against England and France respectively.
Les droits des minorités latino-américaines et la pandémie de COVID-19
Authors: Casqueira Cardoso João , Nalbandov Robert , Guimarães Brito Antonio , Machado Gessica
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, having revealed the vulnerability of all peoples to the disease, has also contributed to highlighting inequalities of various societal groups within national populations. The situation of ethnic minorities is, in this respect, paradigmatic. Already marginalized minority groups have been faced with even more extreme isolation than usual when faced with the gloomy realities of healthcare and social protection. This is the case in the situations studied here: the Guarani in Brazil, the Mapuche in Chile, and the Tsáchila in Ecuador. Using the method of structured and focused comparison, this article highlights the links between the social and health problems experienced by the minority groups in question, on the one hand, and the existence of past or current factors of discrimination, on the other hand. It also underlines the possibilities of putting into practice measures of equity in terms of rights, and more specifically, with regard to the right to access to healthcare and social services.
Perspetivas atuais da cooperação transfronteiriça da Euro-região Galiza-Norte de Portugal: os planos de investimentos conjuntos
Authors: Gonçalves de Freitas Judite
Published: July 2024

Relations between Galicia and the north of Portugal go back a long way (to the Middle Ages), based on linguistic, cultural and historical ties over a common geographical area – the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. More recently, in times of democracy, territorial cooperation, based on the historical ties, geographical affinities and cultural identity that connect these regions, has developed through specific programmes and projects that receive funding from different sources, including funds from the European Union (EU) under the Interreg programme and the EU’s main financial instrument for promoting economic and social cohesion between European regions, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The aim of this study is to carry out a descriptive and explanatory analysis of the investment programmes of the Euroregion Galicia Norte de Portugal, identifying the evolutionary pattern of the axes of cooperation between the two regions, which aim to promote joint development and the resolution of common challenges, looking to the future of cross-border cooperation. The structure of the article is organised into three topics. The first defines the most recent evolutionary framework of relations between the two regions in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula, the second refers to the establishment of the Galicia-Northern Portugal Euroregion and finally the priority axes of cross-border cooperation framework are analysed, with an emphasis on the strategic programs and EU funding programmes since 2007 until 2027, in a comparative perspective.
Universidad sin fronteras en la Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal: una exploración desde las experiencias de estudiantes y docentes
Authors: Torres-Outón Sara
Published: July 2024

The literature review on university cooperation in the Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion allows for the development of the script for in-depth interviews, a fundamental source of information in this study. The study explores student and academic mobility, as well as research mobility from Galicia to Northern Portugal, specifically towards the Escola Superior de Enfermagem Dr. José Timóteo Montalvão Machado for the former, and the Universidade do Minho for the latter. Emphasis is placed on understanding cross-border relations, the role of linguistic issues, how residence is addressed, and what the facilitators are. This exploratory research reveals the importance of relational capital in cooperation beyond the necessary community framework and the existence of formal structures, emphasizing the relevance of this Euroregion as a spatial frame of reference.
Galicia and Portugal. A fruitful courtship. New strategies for a Euroregion and Eurocity identity
Authors: Campelo Álvaro
Published: July 2024

The implementation of European policies at the regional level is realized through the creation of intervention mechanisms, specific organizations, and funding within Euroregions and Eurocities. The GaliciaNorthern Portugal Euroregion, due to its historical and cultural characteristics, has been benefiting from these policies. In this paper, we aim to start from a shared political and cultural history between Galicia and Portugal, particularly at the border delimited by the Minho River, to see how this border experience serves, or not, as an affirmation of European citizenship. Around the concepts of Frontier/border and Euroregion, we analyze two case studies: the Agenda 2030 of the Cerveira-Tomiño Eurocity and the creation of the Galician-Portuguese Intangible Cultural Heritage Center. The goal is to explore the potential of a policy of proximity and participatory citizenship for a stronger assertion of European citizenship.
Artikel Analisis Penyebab Rendahnya Target Desa Universal Child Immunization
Authors: Eva Eva Susanti , Candra Elwan
Published: July 2024

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu tindakan pencegahan penyebaran penyakit ke wilayah lain yang terbukti sangat murah (cost effective). Kegiatan imunisasi dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah Dengan Imunisasi (PD3I). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan analisis penyebab rendahnya target desa UCI (Universal Child Immunization) Desain penelitian menggunakan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ialah semua ibu yang mempunyai bayi dibawah usia 2 tahun yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beringin Kecamatan Lubai Kabupaten Muara Enim tahun 2022 berjumlah 228 ibu yang mempunyai bayi dibawah 2 tahun. Dengan besaran sampel 145 responden. Uji Stastistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square. Berdasarkan analisis univariat diperoleh hasil dari 145 responden yang menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 91 (62,8%) target desa UCI, pengetahuan ibu baik 93 responden (64,1%), sikap ibu positif 91 responden (62,8%), ada dukungan keluarga 95 responden (65,5%), peran aktif kader posyandu 88 responden (60,7%). Berdasarkan analisis bivariate diketahui ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan (p value 0,001), sikap ibu (p value 0,001), dukungan keluarga (p value 0,001), dan peran kader posyandu (p value 0,003). Hendaknya meningkatkan penyuluhan secara periodik tentang imunisasi dan meningktakan keaktifan peran kader posyandu serta mengadakan pelatihan bagi kader baik di puskesmas maupun di desa.
Risk Factor Analysis of HIV/AIDS Incidence in General Hospital
Authors: Novitry Fera , Tiara Sari
Published: July 2024

The problem of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a health challenge almost all over the world. The impact is not only health but also in terms of economic, social, psychological, and will also affect reproductive health. Some of the causes of HIV/AIDS include occupation, knowledge, attitude, age, gender, education, household economic status, access to information media, communication with parents, and the presence of friends who behave at risk, sexual behaviour. This study used Cross Sectional research design. The population of this study were patients who visited the skin and genital disease poly room. The sample in this study amounted to 80 people.  Sampling was done by non probability sampling with quota technique. Data collection tools using questionnaires and HIV / AIDS test results. Data analysis using Chi Square.  Data were collected by structured interviews using questionnaires for specific questions supported by observation. Bivariate analysis using chi square. The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between sexual behaviour (ρ value 0.000), occupation (ρ value 0.000), knowledge (ρ value 0.000), family history (ρ value 0.034), marital status (ρ value 0.000) to the incidence of HIV/AIDS. The study concluded that sexual behaviour, knowledge, occupation, family history, and marital status have a significant relationship with the incidence of HIV/AIDS. This study suggests the need for early education and socialisation starting from the junior high school level, there needs to be peer support groups in collaboration with the government and the private sector related to HIV / AIDS sufferers, there needs to be free caten examination related to HIV / AIDS