bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definition of customer requirements in big data using word vectors and affinity propagation clustering
Authors: Shi Yanlin , Peng Qingjin
Published: March 2021

Customer requirements (CRs) have a significant impact on product design. The existing methods of defining CRs, such as customer surveys and expert evaluations, are time-consuming, inaccurate and subjective. This paper proposes an automatic CRs definition method based on online customer product reviews using the big data analysis. Word vectors are defined using a continuous bag of words (CBOW) model. Online customer reviews are searched by a crawling method and filtered by the parts of speech and frequency of words. Filtered words are then clustered into groups by an affinity propagation (AP) clustering method based on trained word vectors. Exemplars in each clustering group are finally used to define CRs. The proposed method is verified by case studies of defining CRs for product design. Results show that the proposed method has better performance to determine CRs compared to existing CRs definition methods.
Forensic analysis of soman exposure using characteristic fragment ions from protein adducts
Authors: Fu F , Guo Y , Lu X , Zhao P , Zou S , Wang H , Gao R , Pei C
Published: March 2021

The verification of exposure to nerve agents is a serious challenge, especially in cases of soman (GD) poisoning. Protein adducts are reliable biomarkers, that provide forensic information and evidence during incidents of terrorism or sporadic poisoning. Mass spectrometry, coupled with a proteomics approach, was established for the forensic analysis of GD-based protein adducts. The fragmentation pathways of GD-based protein adducts were investigated for the first time using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Three abundant natural loss product ions, [M+2H-54]2+ (loss of two carbon cations), [M+2H-72]2+ (loss of tert-butyl and methyl moieties), and [M+2H-84]2+ (loss of the pinacolyl moieties), were observed in each of the GD-labeled adducts, and the product ions were independent of protein structure and exposure route. A unique mechanism for the formation of product ions involving GD-protein adducts is proposed here. These findings support the development of a simple and precise forensic analysis technique to rapidly verify GD poisoning using these three GD-related product ions.
Curcumin decreases dibutyl phthalate-induced renal dysfunction in Kunming mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Liang F , Xi J , Chen X , Huang J , Jin D , Zhu X
Published: March 2021

Curcumin (Cur) has been used extensively in dietary supplement with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Although dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has adverse effects on the kidney, any association between DBP exposure and the role of Cur is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to DBP has adverse consequences on renal dysfunction in mice and the potential protective role of Cur in decreasing DBP-induced renal dysfunction via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kidney function, oxidative stress biomarkers, and apoptosis factors as well as Bcl-2 and Bax were investigated. The results showed a marked increase of renal dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis level after DBP exposure compared to the control. While administration of Cur to DBP-treated mice may reduce these adverse biochemical changes compared with DBP-alone group. Overall, these results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in DBP-induced renal disorder, whereas Cur plays a protective role in inhibiting these two pathways.
Altered expressions of circulating microRNAs 122 and 192 during antitubercular drug induced liver injury indicating their role as potential biomarkers
Authors: Bakshi S , Kaur M , Saini N , Mir AA , Duseja A , Sinha SK , Sharma S
Published: March 2021

Drug induced liver toxicity is a serious health complication leading to high mortality rates and post marketing withdrawal of drugs. Although considered to be the gold standard biomarkers; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase have been found to have specificities beyond liver, therefore more specific and predictive markers for the detection of antitubercular drug mediated liver damage are required. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of currently used first line antitubercular drugs namely isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide is often accompanied with liver injury, impeding the cure of patients. Keeping in view, the prognostic and diagnostic applications of microRNAs in various diseases, we tried to assess the importance of microRNAs 122 and 192 in antitubercular drug associated liver injuries. The study included subjects having tuberculosis of any type with antitubercular drug induced liver injury; naïve or newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients, tuberculosis patients on drugs not having toxicity and healthy controls. Observations from this study revealed that expression levels of miR-122 and miR-192 were significantly decreased in the serum of antitubercular drug induced liver injury patients only. Therefore, these microRNAs or the pathways associated with them can be used as a tool to predict or cure antitubercular drug associated liver injury in future.
Experimental damping ratio evaluation using Hilbert transform in filament-wound composite plates
Authors: Costamilan Enzo , Löw Alexandre Marks , Awruch Marcos Daniel de Freitas , Amico Sandro C , Gomes Herbert Martins
Published: March 2021

The aim of this work is the evaluation of damping ratio in composite materials with orthogonal fiber orientation based on experimental and numerical techniques. In this study, the logarithmic decrement and the envelope techniques calculated using Hilbert transform are used. Carbon fiber/epoxy composites manufactured by filament winding are dynamically tested in free vibration. Post-processing and data analysis are performed with the developed codes. These comprise the use of a band-pass filter to isolate the first fundamental frequency from the other modes of vibration and noise present in the acquired signal. Then, the Hilbert transform is used to estimate the envelope of the vibration signal and the exponential curve is adjusted to obtain the envelope, in order to evaluate the structural damping ratio. Comparisons with a fitted finite element model are used for validation. The results revealed that damping varied proportionally with the number of layers, the ply orientation and, less evidently, with the length of the samples.
It Matters How You ‘Do’ Gender in Peacebuilding: African Approaches and Challenges
Authors: Hudson Heidi
Published: March 2021

The article draws attention to the consequences of simplistically equating gender, sex and women when doing peacebuilding. Drawing on the ambivalent nature of security architecture interventions from the African continent, I make a case for keeping a variety of conceptual approaches to gender mainstreaming in mind in order to avoid a narrow fixation on adding women. I show through selected examples how institutional frameworks and commitments may appear progressive but could have potentially exclusionary effects. Gender is an important lens to analyse peacebuilding practices and commitments, but only if viewed as an action or means of ‘doing’ that disrupts additive liberal approaches to peacebuilding. As an alternative, the article proposes a gender-relational and intersected analysis of everyday securities and peacebuilding. A focus on lived, gendered and racialised experiences of insecurity and peacebuilding at the everyday level offsets the abstract and universalised approach adopted by states as well as regional and continental players. The article concludes that approaches to gender mainstreaming through sameness, difference and diversity should be seen as complementary to allow space for a context-specific, thick analysis of gender relations on the ground as well as gendered processes of structural or institutional change.
Financialization and state capitalism in Hungary after the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Karas David
Published: March 2021

Whereas the active role of the state in steering financialization is consensual in advanced economies, the financialization of emerging market economies is usually examined through the prism of dependency: this downplays the domestic political functions of financialization and the agency of the state. With the consolidation of state capitalist regimes in the semi-periphery after the Global Financial Crisis, different interpretations emerged – some linking state capitalism with de-financialization, others with coercive projects deepening it. Preferring a more granular and multi-dimensional approach, I analyse how different facets of financialization might represent political risks or opportunities for state capitalist projects: Based on the Hungarian example, I first explain how the constitution of a ‘financial vertical’ after 2010 inaugurated a new mode of statecraft. Second, I show how the financial vertical enabled rentier bargains between state and society after 2015 by deepening the financialization of social policy and housing in response to a looming crisis of competitiveness.
Wanting and Liking: Testing the Factor Structure of The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale in Major Depression and Community Samples
Authors: Hallford David John , Austin David W.
Published: March 2021

The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) is a multidimensional self-report measure that has been used to improve understanding of anticipation (“wanting”) and consummation (“liking”) of reward. The TEPS has been used to assess anhedonia in clinical depression, but its factor structure has not yet been confirmed in this population. This seems important given mixed findings on the model fit and factor structure of the TEPS in other clinical and community samples. To remedy this, the current study used confirmatory factor analysis to test models of the TEPS items across three studies: (a) in adults with major depression ( n = 334), (b) in youth with major depression ( n = 305), and (c) in a community sample ( n = 320). In summary, the model fit of the two-factor TEPS scales was adequate in depressed and community Australian samples. Nevertheless, some items may require removal or revision based on cultural preferences for pleasurable experiences.
A Collaborative Approach to Paraeducator Training
Authors: Douglas Sarah N. , Uitto Denise J.
Published: March 2021

Many schools struggle to provide appropriate training for paraeducators to ensure the necessary knowledge and skills required to support students with challenging behaviors. This article provides a collaborative approach to paraeducator training. Included is a description of a four-step strategy to clarify paraeducator responsibilities and define training needs, create training plans that align with adult learning principles, implement training using coaching with performance feedback, and document paraeducator performance. Roles for team members and examples for training are provided.
FM Combined With NIHSS Score Contributes to Early AIS Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cardiogenic and Non-Cardiogenic AIS
Authors: Wu Dan , Liu Yong’e
Published: March 2021

A growing researchers have suggested that fibrin monomer (FM) plays an important role in early diagnosis of thrombotic diseases. We explored the application of FM in the diagnosis and classification of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The differences in FM, D-dimer, and NIHSS scores between different TOAST (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) types were analyzed with one-way ANOVA; the correlation between FM, D-dimer and NIHSS score in patients with different TOAST classification was analyzed by Pearson linear correlation. The ROC curve was utilized to analyze the diagnostic performance. 1. FM was more effective in diagnosing patients with AIS than D-dimer. 2. The FM level in cardiogenic AIS was significantly different from that in non-cardiogenic patients ( P < 0.05); the NIHSS score in cardiogenic stroke was significantly higher than in atherosclerotic and unexplained stroke group. Whereas, no statistical difference was observed in the D-dimer level between these groups ( P > 0.05). 3. The correlation between FM and NIHSS scores in the cardiogenic (r = 0.3832) and atherosclerotic (r = 0.3144) groups was statistically significant. 4. FM exhibited the highest diagnostic efficacy for cardiogenic AIS; furthermore, FM combined with the NIHSS score was more conducive to the differential diagnosis of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic AIS. FM detection contributes to the early diagnosis of AIS, and is important for the differential diagnosis of different TOAST types of AIS. Moreover, FM combined with the NIHSS score is valuable in the differential diagnosis of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic AIS.
Accessibility as Aesthetic in Broadcast Media: Critical Access Theory and Disability Justice as Project-Based Learning
Authors: Jones Chelsea Temple , Collins Kimberlee , Zbitnew Anne
Published: March 2021

The obligation to make broadcast media accessible is often taught as the last step in media production. This article describes a year-long project that paired disabled media-makers with students to create three films and a podcast rooted in critical access theory and disability justice, which necessitated creative, collaborative access planning at the onset of each production. This public pedagogy project promoted technical skills and attitudinal change by applying an intellectual partnership model that allowed students to develop resistance to dominant discourses about access that centered disability in new ways—as a desirable production feature rather than as simply an “add-on.”
Efficacy of progressive thickness intrastromal corneal ring segments in the treatment of duck phenotype keratoconus
Authors: Arbelaez Juan G , Arbelaez Maria C
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with asymmetric duck phenotype keratoconus implanted with asymmetric progressive thickness intrastromal corneal ring segments (PT-ICRS, Keraring AS, Mediphacos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil), and to demonstrate improved visual acuity and symmetry in corneal flattening.

Methods:

This single-center, retrospective, observational study evaluated the clinical outcomes at 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation of PT-ICRS in patients with duck phenotype keratoconus. After creating the intrastromal tunnel with a femtosecond laser, one 160-degree arc length PT-ICRS, either 150/250 µm or 200/300 µm, was implanted. Changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction (MR), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), mean keratometry (Kmean), maximum keratometry (Kmax), Coma@5mm, and manifest and topographical astigmatism were documented.

Results:

The study cohort included 23 eyes of 17 patients with a mean age of 24.6 years. From baseline to 6 months following implantation, mean UDVA improved from 0.70 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (20/100 Snellen) to 0.22 logMAR (20/33 Snellen), CDVA improved from 0.33 logMAR (20/42 Snellen) to 0.14 logMAR (20/27 Snellen), the mean sphere and MRSE decreased from −1.05 diopters (D) and −2.70 D to −0.25 D and −0.80 D, respectively, and the Kmean and Kmax improved from 46.5 D and 53.7 D to 44.6 D and 48.7 D, respectively.

Conclusions:

The Keraring AS ICRS offers a safe, effective means of improving visual acuity while reducing refractive error, mean and max keratometry, and aberrations in patients with duck phenotype keratoconus.
Recurrent thrombosis of an arteriovenous fistula as a complication of COVID-19 in a chronic hemodialysis patient: A case report
Authors: Teixeira Joao Pedro , Combs Sara A , Owen Jonathan G
Published: March 2021

Patients with end-stage kidney disease are at increased risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, severe COVID-19 has been associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboses. In this report, we describe the case of a hemodialysis patient who developed an otherwise-unexplained thrombosis of an arteriovenous fistula during a symptomatic COVID-19 infection. Despite prompt treatment with three technically successful thrombectomies along with systemic intravenous heparin and two rounds of catheter-directed thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator, the fistula rapidly re-thrombosed each time and he required tunneled dialysis catheter placement. He subsequently required admission for hypoxemia from COVID-19 pneumonia and ultimately developed a catheter-related blood stream infection that likely contributed to his death. As the fistula had been previously well functioning and no angiographic explanation for the thrombosis was found, we speculate in this case the recurrent thromboses were related to the hypercoagulable state characteristic of severe COVID-19. Interventionalists performing hemodialysis access procedures should be aware of the prothrombotic state associated with COVID-19 and should consider it when deliberating how to best plan and approach access interventions in patients with symptomatic COVID-19.
Physiotherapy via telehealth for acute respiratory exacerbations in paediatric cystic fibrosis
Authors: Benz Cloe , Middleton Anna , Elliott Alison , Harvey Adrienne
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The demand for Hospital in the Home has increased, especially as an avenue for treatment of respiratory exacerbations. However, a limiting factor of Hospital in the Home efficiency is excess travel. Telehealth can potentially increase in-home access to specialist care such as physiotherapy. This study examined clinical outcomes achieved with a hybrid telehealth model and assessed safety and efficiency.

Method

This study was an observational benchmarking study of Hospital in the Home physiotherapy episodes of care during respiratory exacerbations between January 2017–June 2019. The participants were young people aged 8–18 years, with cystic fibrosis receiving intravenous antibiotics and bi-daily physiotherapy. The intervention was physiotherapy via either a hybrid model (1× telehealth, 1× face-to-face session) or standard care (2× face-to-face sessions). The outcomes were frequency of return to at least 95% of baseline percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (ppFEV1), ppFEV1 change, adverse events, travel time and distance saved.

Results

There were 82 episodes of Hospital in the Home; 41 hybrid and 41 standard care. Return to at least 95% of baseline was achieved in 49% of the hybrid group and 32% of standard care. Median ppFEV1 change was +6% for the hybrid group and +2% standard care. There were no adverse events. Estimated travel time and distance saved was 16,520 min and 12,301.2 km.

Conclusion

Preliminary information supports a hybrid telehealth physiotherapy model as an alternative to standard care for young people with cystic fibrosis during an exacerbation. Safety of telehealth in conjunction with home visits favoured its use to improve efficiency and capacity without added risk.
(In)-justice: An exploration of the dehumanization, victimization, criminalization, and over-incarceration of Indigenous women in Canada
Authors: McGuire Michaela M , Murdoch Danielle J
Published: March 2021

Indigenous women are vastly overrepresented in Canada’s federal prisons and represent the fastest growing prison population in Canada. This critical commentary utilizes a decolonial framework to examine how being Indigenous and female increases one’s risk of being victimized, murdered, and subject to colonial control by exploring the connections between the construction of Indigenous women as less than human and the use of carceral space to control, destroy, and assimilate this population. Specifically, the authors apply Woolford and Gacek’s notion of genocidal carcerality to the intersectional forces of systemic racism and discrimination that result in their overincarceration. Further, the article critiques the Indigenization of Canada’s federal correctional service for failing to meet the needs of this population and for perpetuating an assimilative and stereotypical portrayal of Indigenous women that perpetuates colonial harm.
A quantitative and intuitive materials selection multi-attribute decision-making method based on quadrant circular constellation graph
Authors: Won-Chol Yang , Ju-Song Kim , Ji-Yon Yang
Published: March 2021

Traditional constellation graphical method maps a multidimensional data into a 2D graph. In this paper, the drawback of the traditional semi-circular constellation graph is considered and a quadrant circular constellation graph is proposed to overcome the drawback. Moreover, a new materials selection MADM (multi-attribute decision making) method is proposed based on the quadrant circular constellation graph. This method is applied to select the best magnesium alloy material for automotive wheels. The numerical and graphical results show that AZ91 is the optimal material among the alternative materials such as AZ91, AM60, AM50, AZ31, ZE41, EZ33, ZE63 and ZC63. The result is compared with the results from the previous MADM methods from the viewpoint of Spearman’s rank correlation and deviation. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis to attribute weights is performed to test the robustness of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the previous MADM methods. The proposed method is not only quantitative but also intuitive method. It could be widely used to materials selection problems in engineering practice.
Metamaterials and their applications: An overview
Authors: Valipour Ali , Kargozarfard Mohammad H , Rakhshi Mina , Yaghootian Amin , Sedighi Hamid M
Published: March 2021

Metamaterials are man-made substances with unique spatial alternations in their constituent components. They are widely used in modifying elastic, acoustic, or electromagnetic properties of materials. Metamaterials induce low/high-frequency band gaps to control wave propagations with different wavelengths and are also frequently applied in microwave engineering, waveguides, dispersion compensation, smart antennas, and lenses. For instance, permittivity and permeability of the metamaterials can take positive or negative values. Due to smaller single-cell dimensions than their wavelength, the selective frequency of surface-based metamaterials is used for waveguiding. The need for adjustable bandgaps can also lead to a plethora of research into metamaterials’ tunability for structures that operate at different speeds. In this article, recent studies in the field of metamaterials and their applications are reviewed. The piezoelectric metamaterials and the electromagnetic metamaterials are introduced that is followed by a review of new types of chiral metamaterials. Additionally, absorber, nonlinear, terahertz, tunable, photonic, selective surface-based frequency in acoustic metamaterials are comparedand some remarks on tuning bandgaps methods in locally resonant metamaterials are provided.
From staunch supporters to critical observers: Explaining the turn towards Euroscepticism among regionalist parties
Authors: Massetti Emanuele , Schakel Arjan H
Published: March 2021

Based on a new dataset, this article explains a turn towards Euroscepticism by regionalist parties from the early 2000s. Our findings point to the effects of cross-dimensional ideological linkages – positions adopted on the centre-periphery and left–right dimensions – and of an increasing formal regional involvement in European Union affairs without actual influence, which leaves regionalist (and especially secessionist) parties frustrated with the European Union multi-level system. Our findings substantiate the argument that regionalist parties are strongly supportive of economic integration but less supportive of political integration. They are also in line with the fall of the ‘Europe of the Regions’ thesis.
Gender roles and the commodification of beauty and physical attractiveness in restaurants: Perspectives of female servers
Authors: Basnyat Sandeep , Che Ian Teng , Ip Ka Hou
Published: March 2021

This study examines the perspectives of female servers on their own gender roles and the commodification of their beauty and physical attractiveness during service encounters in restaurants. Previous studies on this subject have been solely focused on the recipient end, that is, consumers. This study gathers insights from the experiences and opinions of servers themselves. The data for this study were collected using semi-structured interviews with twenty female servers working as food and beverage attendants in various restaurants in Macao, China. The findings show that the ways female servers construct their own perceived gender roles are highly influenced by a continuous process of reinforcing stereotypes associated with the traditional gender roles of women. This study also details the measures and practices restaurants in Macao employ to commodify beauty and physical attractiveness of female servers. Of particular note is the finding that, despite recognizing how they were being stereotyped, servers showed no objection to such practices. Nonetheless, the study discusses how such practices devalue contributions women make in the tourism and hospitality industry in general and the restaurant sector in particular whilst suggesting measures that help redress this issue.
‘We shouldn’t be told to shut up, we should be told we can speak out’: Reflections on using arts-based methods to research disability hate crime
Authors: Burch Leah
Published: March 2021

The concept of hate crime has been subject to ongoing debate among academics, practitioners and policy-makers. Yet for many disabled people, this concept remains to be ambiguous and conceptually ‘fuzzy.’ In this article, I reflect upon the use of arts-based methods in order to explore disabled people’s understandings and experiences of hate crime. Specifically, I offer methodological reflections on how the process of making mood-boards can invite participants to revisit personal experiences, prompt sensitive and supportive discussions, and present knowledge in more creative ways. I also consider some of the difficulties involved with arts-based methods, particularly where such activities can evoke discomfort. Despite these methods creating some challenges, this article supports the use of arts-based methods as enabling a more collaborative and participatory research process. In particular, I argue that these alternative methods provide an opportunity to sensitively explore potentially upsetting topics such as hate crime.
François Fénelon: Modern philosopher or conservative theologian?
Authors: Oprea Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Ryan Patrick Hanley makes two original claims about François Fénelon: (1) that he is best regarded as a political philosopher, and (2) that his political philosophy is best understood as “moderate and modern.” In what follows, I raise two concerns about Hanley’s revisionist turn. First, I argue that the role of philosophy in Fénelon’s account is rather as a handmaiden of theology than as an autonomous area of inquiry—with implications for both the theory and practice of politics. Second, I use Fénelon’s writings on the education of women as an illustration of the more radical and reactionary aspects of his thought. Despite these limits, the book makes a compelling case for recovering Fénelon and opens up new conversations about education, religion, political economy, and international relations in early modern political thought.
A review of structural health monitoring of bonded structures using electromechanical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Tenreiro A Francisco G , Lopes António M , da Silva Lucas FM
Published: March 2021

The article presents a literature review of electromechanical impedance spectroscopy for structural health monitoring, with emphasis in adhesively bonded joints. The concept behind electromechanical impedance spectroscopy is to use variable high-frequency structural vibrations with piezoelectric elements to monitor the local area of a structure for changes in mechanical impedance that may indicate imminent damage. Various mathematical models that correlate the structural impedance with the electric response of the piezoelectric sensors are presented. Several algorithms and metrics are introduced to detect, localize, and characterize damage when using electromechanical impedance spectroscopy. Applications of electromechanical impedance spectroscopy to study adhesive joints are described. Research and development of alternative hardware for electromechanical impedance spectroscopy is presented. The article ends by presenting future prospects and research of electromechanical impedance spectroscopy–based structural health monitoring, and, while advances have been made in algorithms for damage detection, localization, and characterization, this technology is not mature enough for real-world applications.
Opinions among pediatric critical care physicians regarding the ethics of withdrawal of ventricular assist devices and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Melas Antonia A , Huard Leanna L , Guo Rong , Kelly Robert B
Published: March 2021

Background

Pediatric critical care physician attitudes about withdrawal of ventricular assist devices (VAD) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in cases of medical futility are poorly defined. Our aim was to define current attitudes regarding the withdrawal of these devices.

Methods

IRB-approved, cross-sectional observational survey conducted among pediatric critical care attending physicians and fellow physicians in the United States between 2016 and 2017. Data was collected anonymously and statistically analyzed.

Results

A total of 158 physicians responded with 67% being attending physicians. Compared to a VAD, a higher percentage had taken care of a patient on ECMO where the device was turned off because care was believed to be futile (99% vs. 84%), including currently (95% vs. 57%). Nearly all reported that it can be ethically permissible to withdraw support from a patient with a VAD and on ECMO (97% vs. 99%), but varied opinions existed as to who should ultimately make this decision if the patient/their family disagrees. More respondents agreed that a patient/their family should agree to withdrawal of VAD or ECMO support prior to initiation if futility is later determined (60% vs. 58%) and that protocols should be created for VAD and ECMO withdrawal (77% vs. 76%).

Conclusion

Most pediatric critical care physicians felt that it can be ethically permissible to withdraw VAD and ECMO support. Our study indicates that pediatric VAD and ECMO withdrawal protocols are desired, but further investigation is needed to determine how to best design protocols that would incorporate multiple stakeholders.
The Experience of Partner Relationships for Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Synthesis
Authors: Weetman Chloe , Kiemle Gundi , Lowe Michelle , Balfour Robert
Published: March 2021

Research has documented wide-ranging psychological impacts of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) for male survivors, but their experience of relationships is understudied. This qualitative review aimed to synthesize the qualitative literature concerning the experience of partner relationships for male CSA survivors. Electronic searches were conducted across PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed, complemented by hand searches of references. Searches were limited to English-language peer-reviewed studies. Studies were included if they sampled adult male CSA survivors and reported qualitative data on their experience of partner relationships. Sixteen studies met the review criteria. Articles were quality-appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist (2018), and narrative synthesis derived five themes: “sexual orientation confusion,” “sexual intimacy difficulties,” “the barrier of emotional intimacy,” “navigating agency,” and “healing and growth through love.” Key findings were male CSA survivors can face considerable barriers to relational intimacy; however, romantic relationships also offer a space to heal and experience post-traumatic growth (PTG). Clinicians should be aware of the diffuse impacts CSA can have upon male survivors’ intimate relationships. Helping survivors and their partners build a safe space in which to process CSA, reassert agency and relational boundaries, and express love and validation can support survivors toward PTG.
Application of a terminal-ballistics model for estimating munition lethal radius on mortar projectiles and rocket warheads
Authors: Alan Catovic , Elvedin Kljuno
Published: March 2021

In our previous work, we developed a new terminal-ballistics model developed for artillery high explosive projectiles with natural fragmentation. Lethal radius is here defined as the distance from the detonation point where the effective fragment (80 J) density is 1 frag/m2. In the model, the vertical position of the projectile upon impact is assumed, which means that the lethal radius defines a circular lethal zone (maximum lethal zone of the projectile on the ground).

In the research, presented in this paper, we have applied the model to mortar projectiles and rocket warheads, which have different designs compared with classic artillery projectiles. The results from the model, compared to the available experimental results from the quarter-circular arena (used in our country), showed satisfactory accuracy for these types of munitions.
How Do Gender, Sexuality, and Age Impact Perceptions of Teacher Sexual Misconduct? An Intersectional Vignette-Based Study
Authors: Russell Kristan N. , Gruys Kjerstin
Published: March 2021

In this study we investigate the intersecting impacts of perpetrators’ gender, sexuality, and age on perceptions of teacher sexual misconduct. When the teacher was a woman, respondents perceived the relationship to be less detrimental to the student, the student to be more mature and responsible, and the relationship as more acceptable. Heterosexual pairings were perceived as more acceptable than same-sex pairings, with the student perceived as more mature and responsible. Lastly, when the teacher was older respondents perceived them as more responsible and the student as having psychological issues contributing to the relationship.
A hybrid robust adaptive control for a quadrotor UAV via mass observer and robust controller
Authors: Zhou Laihong , Xu Shunjian , Jin Hong , Jian Huihua
Published: March 2021

The flight stability and safety of the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with variable mass are the key problems that limit its application. In order to improve the stability and steady-state control precision of the quadrotor system against slow-varying mass and external disturbance, a new robust adaptive flight control algorithm is developed and analyzed in detail in this paper. Firstly, a mass observer based on adaptive control theory is designed to estimate the real-time mass and correct the mass parameter of the UAV. Then, a hyperbolic tangent function and a proportional integral (PI) controller is added into the attitude controller to eliminate the effect of the external disturbances. Finally, a hybrid robust adaptive controller (HRAC) developed with backstepping control method is used here for the trajectory tracking of quadrotor. The boundedness of the nonlinear system is verified by Lyapunov stability theory and uniformly ultimately bounded theorem. The trajectory tracking simulation experiments are presented in MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation environment. According to the simulation results, the real-time mass of quadrotor can be estimated by HRAC satisfactorily under the condition of external disturbances, while the estimate error of mass is only 6.4% of its own. In addition, HRAC can provide a higher trajectory tracking accuracy compared with robust optimal backstepping control (ROBC) and robust generalized dynamic inversion (RGDI). The results suggest a promising route based on the mass observer and hybrid robust controller toward slow-varying mass and the external disturbance as effective robustness control strategy for quadrotor UAV.
Strategic human resource management in primary and secondary schools. An explorative study in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Tuytens Melissa , Vekeman Eva , Devos Geert
Published: March 2021

Although internationally there is a growing interest in strategic human resource management (SHRM) in the educational context, few studies explored SHRM in schools. This qualitative study explores if five common human resource management (HRM) practices (i.e. recruitment and selection, assignment, evaluation, rewards, and development) are aligned with schools’ strategic planning and individual teacher needs. The analysis is based on 194 semi-structured interviews with school leaders and school team members in 24 schools in Flanders (Belgium). After a within-case analysis, a classification was made for each school for each HRM practice under investigation based on a classification scheme indicating the strategic focus per HRM practice. The cross-case analysis shows that for some HRM practices the alignment with school’s strategic planning and individual teacher needs is identified in more schools (e.g. for ‘professional development’) than for other practices (e.g. for ‘rewards’). The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of SHRM within the education sector and provide schools with tools to invest in SHRM.
Transcranial Doppler in a child: A most valuable imaging modality
Authors: Deana Cristian , Vetrugno Luigi , Stefani Francesca , Bassi Flavio , Bove Tiziana
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Pediatric brain injury is a common cause of emergency department (ED) referral. Although severe traumatic brain damage is less frequent, it could be primarily managed by non-pediatric critical care physicians called in for advice. Clinical evaluation is important, but radiology is of particular value in the case of severe brain injury. Transcranial Doppler may help the physician through neuromonitoring.

Case Report

We report the case of a 3-year-old male child brought into the pediatric ED for a moderate head injury. His neurological status deteriorated rapidly, making endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation necessary. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed brain contusion and post-traumatic subarachnoidal hemorrhage.

Discussion

Transcranial Doppler was performed at the standard transtemporal evaluation window, and it showed normal vascularization of the entire anterior brain. This result permitted performance of the control CT scan to be postponed. In this case, basic knowledge of transcranial ultrasound proved to be useful, and we believe it could also be useful to other colleagues faced with similar situations even if they are not dedicated to pediatric critically ill patients.

Conclusion

Doppler ultrasound in the pediatric population is a valuable bedside tool. Together with clinical evaluation and radiology, it completes the set of techniques necessary for continuous neuromonitoring.
Reframing the past to legitimate the future: Building collective agency for social change through a process of decolonizing memory
Authors: Jimenez-Luque Antonio
Published: March 2021

Subaltern social groups do not see their conceptualizations of leadership represented by the images of leadership and leaders portrayed in the narratives of the “official” history of their countries. This article draws from the experience of an American Indian summer leadership camp in the United States (US) where memory is used by the organization as a resource for legitimizing their power and leadership perspectives to effect social change. Through a leadership work based on rhetoric and framing to decolonize the dominant history of the US, a process of collective sense and meaning-making is unfolded. This work of leadership builds collective agency that contributes to legitimize both American Indian memories and leadership perspectives. Through legitimacy, subordinated social groups develop the capacity to justify that they hold the power to govern themselves and not just to consent and submit to external actors. Eventually, legitimacy of memory and leadership perspectives can be leveraged as power since the group believes in their potential. Through a critical approach drawing from history and sociology, the study contributes insights to both the social change and the Indigenous leadership literature.
Historical Shifts in China’s Forensic Medicine Education and Service Mode Since 1949
Authors: Xia Zhiyuan
Published: March 2021

China (only China mainland included in this article) differs significantly from any other country of the world, in terms of its current system of forensic medicine, which could be generally characterized by “the three world’s firsts”: the world’s first to establish undergraduate degree in forensic medicine nationally, the world’s first to add forensic medicine division to police criminal investigation system nationally, and the world’s first to permit market-oriented forensic medicine services nationally. To understand how such an interesting system was developed, the important historical shifts in China’s forensic medicine education and service mode that have ever occurred since 1949 are analyzed in this article. Then the advantages and deficiencies of the current system are briefly discussed. Finally, principles for China’s future forensic medicine system are proposed.
The Role of Personality in Political Talk and Like-Minded Discussion
Authors: Boulianne Shelley , Koc-Michalska Karolina
Published: March 2021

Political discussion is a key mechanism for the development of reasoned opinions and political knowledge, but online political discussion has been characterized as uncivil, intolerant, and/or ideologically homogeneous, which is detrimental to this development. In this paper, we examine the role of personality in various forms of political talk—online and offline—as well as like-minded discussion. Based on a 2017 survey conducted in the United Kingdom, United States, and France, we find that people who are open-minded and extraverted are more likely to engage in political talk but less likely to engage in like-minded discussion. Individuals who are older, less educated, introverted, and conscientious are more likely to find themselves in like-minded discussions, both online and on social media. Like-minded discussion is rare; personality, rather than ideology, predicts whether people engage in this form of political talk in online and offline modes. Our findings challenge the role of social media in the creation of like-minded discussion. Instead, we should look to the role of individual attributes, such as personality traits, which create a disposition that motivates the use of social media (and offline networks) to cultivate like-minded discussion.
Mental Health Assessment of the Frequent Visitors in the School Setting—Part 1: An Overview
Authors: Perron Tracy , Jakubowski Tami , Razzi Cathy , Kartoz Connie
Published: March 2021

School nurses manage children with mental health problems on a routine basis. However, many school nurses report having had limited to no training in assessment, recognizing signs and symptoms, or therapeutic interventions for mental health problems in children in their educational programs. This article is Part 1 of a two-part series. Part 1 will provide a background of common mental health conditions, common symptoms, underlying complaints, along with helpful resources for multiple audiences. Part 2 will continue with a focus on mental health assessment in the school setting, including the use of screening tools with a review of the most common medications prescribed for youth with anxiety and depression.
A case report about adalimumab-induced radiologically isolated syndrome: A significant side effect of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors
Authors: Onasanya Joshua , Beach Renée A
Published: March 2021

Tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists have become a therapeutic mainstay for various inflammatory diseases including Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Despite their clinical efficacy, these medications have been associated with the rare development of demyelinating diseases. We report a 29-year-old male who developed neurological symptoms while taking adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist, for treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with radiologically isolated syndrome based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. The exact temporal relationship between demyelinating disease and tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists is poorly understood. Also, there remain a few effective treatment options for severe inflammatory diseases like Hidradenitis Suppurativa. In cases where a patient exhibits clinical stability and structural resolution following the development of neurological symptoms after tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist therapy, and there is a lack of other effective treatments to control extensive inflammatory disease, restarting the tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist could be considered provided there is neurology approval and close monitoring.
A review: Mechanism of action of antiviral drugs
Authors: Kausar Shamaila , Said Khan Fahad , Ishaq Mujeeb Ur Rehman Muhammad , Akram Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Rasool Ghulam , Hamid Khan Abdul , Saleem Iqra , Shamim Saba , Malik Arif
Published: March 2021

Antiviral drugs are a class of medicines particularly used for the treatment of viral infections. Drugs that combat viral infections are called antiviral drugs. Viruses are among the major pathogenic agents that cause number of serious diseases in humans, animals and plants. Viruses cause many diseases in humans, from self resolving diseases to acute fatal diseases. Developing strategies for the antiviral drugs are focused on two different approaches: Targeting the viruses themselves or the host cell factors. Antiviral drugs that directly target the viruses include the inhibitors of virus attachment, inhibitors of virus entry, uncoating inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, inhibitors of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase and the inhibitors of integrase. The inhibitors of protease (ritonavir, atazanavir and darunavir), viral DNA polymerase (acyclovir, tenofovir, valganciclovir and valacyclovir) and of integrase (raltegravir) are listed among the Top 200 Drugs by sales during 2010s. Still no effective antiviral drugs are available for many viral infections. Though, there are a couple of drugs for herpesviruses, many for influenza and some new antiviral drugs for treating hepatitis C infection and HIV. Action mechanism of antiviral drugs consists of its transformation to triphosphate following the viral DNA synthesis inhibition. An analysis of the action mechanism of known antiviral drugs concluded that they can increase the cell’s resistance to a virus (interferons), suppress the virus adsorption in the cell or its diffusion into the cell and its deproteinisation process in the cell (amantadine) along with antimetabolites that causes the inhibition of nucleic acids synthesis. This review will address currently used antiviral drugs, mechanism of action and antiviral agents reported against COVID-19.