bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA KARYAWAN DEPARTEMENT PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE FULL TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE) DI PT XYZ
Authors: Elistia Octaviani  , Cattleya Prameswari Anissa Islami Mega
Published: February 2025

Dalam era globalisasi dan persaingan industri yang semakin ketat, efisiensi operasional telah menjadi kunci keberhasilan perusahaan. PT XYZ sebagai perusahaan manufaktur di sektor produksi kemasan menghadapi tantangan dalam mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia khususnya di departemen produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beban kerja karyawan di departemen produksi menggunakan metode Full Time Equivalent (FTE). Masalah yang teridentifikasi adalah variasi tingkat beban kerja antara staf administrasi produksi dan operator mesin, yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas dan kesejahteraan karyawan. Metode FTE diterapkan untuk mengukur beban kerja berdasarkan frekuensi dan durasi aktivitas. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa staf administrasi produksi memiliki nilai FTE sebesar 1,55, yang menunjukkan beban kerja melebihi kapasitas ideal, sehingga berisiko menyebabkan kelelahan dan penurunan kualitas kerja. Sebaliknya, operator mesin AMS, LT, dan MTB berada dalam kondisi optimal dengan nilai FTE masing-masing 0,91 dan 0,97. Namun, operator mesin OMSO menunjukkan beban kerja ringan dengan nilai 0,75, sementara operator mesin BONMAC TCL dan CER mengalami beban kerja berlebihan dengan nilai FTE sebesar 1,65. Berdasarkan temuan ini, disarankan untuk menambah jumlah staf administrasi produksi menjadi dua orang dan menambah jumlah operator pada mesin BONMAC TCL dan CER menjadi dua orang juga, untuk mencegah beban kerja yang berlebihan. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi beban kerja dan melakukan analisis lebih mendalam mengenai dampak kesejahteraan karyawan terhadap produktivitas. Dengan demikian, penerapan metode FTE dapat dioptimalkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional di dalam perusahaan.
Tinjauan Aspek Ergonomi Ruang Filing Berdasarkan Antropometri Petugas Filing RSUD Wonosari
Authors: Khasanah Aisya Isnaini , Tirasafira Lindi Diani , Setyowati Luthfinda Putri , Azzahra Nasywa Talitha , Chorimah Widya Muthia Izzatul , Putri Munica Chintyani , Pramono Angga Eko
Published: February 2025

Berdasarkan pengamatan yang kami lakukan, rak penyimpanan rekam medis di ruang filing RSUD Wonosari terlalu tinggi apabila dibandingkan dengan tinggi petugas. Disediakan kursi pijakan namun kurang aman dan jarak antar rak terlalu dekat. Oleh karena itu, penyesuaian aspek ergonomi dan antropometri di ruang filing sangat penting dilakukan sebagai bentuk manajemen risiko terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja petugas filing Jenis penelitian yang kami gunakan pada artikel ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian studi kasus. Penggunaan metode kualitatif dalam penelitian dapat menghasilkan kajian atas suatu fenomena yang lebih komprehensif. Penelitian kualitatif yang memperhatikan humanisme atau individu manusia dan perilaku manusia merupakan jawaban atas kesadaran bahwa semua akibat dari perbuatan manusia berpengaruh pada aspek-aspek internal individu. Aspek ergonomis ruang filing di RSUD Wonosari antara lain pengelolaan dan perlengkapan ruang filing sudah sesuai dengan standar yang ada kecuali pada alat bantu pijakan. Suhu di ruang filing RSUD Wonosari sudah ideal, namun untuk kelembaban dikategorikan tidak ideal dan pencahayaan tidak merata. Selain itu, juga terdapat aspek keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja terdiri dari risiko keselamatan dan risiko kesehatan kerja. Penyediaan alat bantu pijakan yang aman seperti tangga lipat aluminium sebagai alat untuk memudahkan petugas filing mengambil rekam medis di bagian yang sulit dijangkau. Penyesuaian aspek ergonomi terhadap antropometri petugas filing untuk menjamin keamanan dan kenyamanan dalam bekerja. Manajemen rumah sakit dan petugas filing dengan lebih memperhatikan aspek K3 petugas dengan penambahan lampu, penyediaan peralatan kerja dan APD yang aman.
Analisis Time Series Efisiensi Penggunaan Tempat Tidur Berdasarkan Grafik Barber Johnson di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Waras Wiris Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun 2019-2023
Authors: Pratama Bangkit Ary
Published: February 2025

Mutu pelayanan perawatan inap di rumah sakit dapat diukur melalui pemanfaatan fasilitas tempat tidur yang disediakan untuk layanan perawatan pasien. Nilai BOR pada tahun 2019-2023 di RSUD Waras Wiris Kabupaten Boyolali belum sesuai dengan standar Barber Johnson. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi penggunaan tempat tidur berdasarkan grafik Barber Johnson di RSUD Waras Wiris, Kabupaten Boyolali, pada tahun 2019-2023 dengan pendekatan analisis deret waktu (time series). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini mencakup rekapitulasi data sensus harian rawat inap. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi studi dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan BOR pada tahun 2019-2023 belum ideal, BOR tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2019 sebesar 54,63% dan terendah pada tahun 2021 sebesar 26,14%. LOS pada tahun 2019-2023 sudah ideal, LOS tetinggi pada tahun 2021 sebesar 4,21 dan terendah pada tahun 2020 sebesar 3,37. TOI pada tahun 2019-2023 belum ideal, TOI tertinggi pada tahun 2021 sebesar 11,89 dan terendah pada tahun 2019 sebesar 3,45. BTO pada tahun 2019-2023 belum ideal, BTO tertinggi pada tahun 2023 sebesar 48,13 dan terendah pada tahun 2021 sebesar 22,66. Kesimpulan penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu nilai BOR tahun 2019-2023 belum efisien, LOS tahun 2019-2023 sudah efisien, TOI tahun 2019-2023 belum efisien dan BTO tahun 2019-2023 belum efisien.
Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Jamur Tanah dari Kandang Ternak di Tamanan, Banguntapan
Authors: Rahmawati Iin , Ismiyati Nur , Irianto Iramie Duma Kencana
Published: February 2025

Infeksi merupakan penyakit menular yang paling mematikan. Infeksi yang tinggi menyebabkan penggunaan antibiotik semakin tinggi. Kasus infeksi oleh bakteri menjadi sepuluh besar kasus yang mengakibatkan kematian. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan agen bakteri yang potensial untuk mengatasi masalah infeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri jamur hasil isolasi dari kandang ternak di Tamanan, Banguntapan terhadap beberapa jenis bakteri.
Isolasi jamur dilakukan dengan pengenceran menggunakan media PDA, selanjutnya dilakukan pemurnian isolat dan uji aktivitas antibakterinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan aktivitas antibakteri pada penelitian ini yaitu metode difusi cakram yang akan diujikan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, dan Bacilus subtillis.  Hasil mikroskopis dan makroskopis isolat jamur diolah secara deskriptif. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri dibandingkan antar perlakuan secara statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga isolat tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli. Isolat C1 (isolat jamur tanah kandang ternak sapi) dan isolat C4 (isolat jamur tanah kandang ternak sapi) masuk dalam kategori kuat dalam menghambat S.mutans dan B.subtillis. Diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan Isolat C1 (isolat jamur tanah kandang ternak sapi) sebesar 11,67 mm dan Isolat C4 (isolat jamur tanah kandang ternak sapi) sebesar 10,67 mm terhadap S.mutans. Zona hambat yang dihasilkan Isolat C1 (isolat jamur tanah kandang ternak sapi) sebesar 11,17 mm dan Isolat C2 (isolat jamur tanah kandang ternak sapi) sebesar 7,17 mm terhadap B.subtillis.
Sosialisasi Kesehatan Mata Pada Petugas Puskesmas di Kota Kendari
Authors: Dewi Nugrahwati Putri  , Nina Indriyani Nasruddin  , Tien
Published: February 2025

Gangguan penglihatan dan kebutaan merupakan permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan, dengan katarak, kelainan refraksi yang tidak terkoreksi, glaukoma, dan retinopati diabetik sebagai penyebab utama. Upaya promotif dan preventif di tingkat layanan kesehatan primer menjadi langkah penting dalam penanggulangan masalah ini. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman petugas Puskesmas di Kota Kendari mengenai kesehatan mata, terutama dalam mendeteksi dini dan mencegah penyakit mata penyebab kebutaan. Program ini diawali dengan survei awal untuk memetakan kondisi kesehatan mata di Puskesmas setempat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan penyuluhan dengan penyampaian materi secara komprehensif, sesi diskusi interaktif, serta evaluasi efektivitas program dalam meningkatkan pemahaman petugas Puskesmas. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa Sebanyak 23 petugas dari 13 Puskesmas di Kota Kendari mengikuti kegiatan ini. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman petugas Puskesmas dalam mengenali gejala, diagnosis, serta langkah pencegahan penyakit mata utama. Kesimpulan pengabdian bahwa program sosialisasi ini berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan dalam pelayanan kesehatan mata, sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu mengurangi angka kebutaan di masyarakat.
Techno-economic comparison of simple and modified gas turbine cycles
Authors: Efemena Efekemo  , Ebigenibo. G. Saturday  , Joseph. C. Ofodu
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the integration of various waste heat recovery cycles as bottoming cycles to enhance the efficiency of gas turbine power plants. The primary focus is on the combined Gas Turbine, air bottoming cycle -Kalina cycle-organic Rankine cycle (GT-ABC-KC-ORC) configuration, which was compared to a simple cycle gas turbine (GT-KC) configuration. The analysis revealed that the GT-ABC-KC-ORC model achieved a superior overall plant efficiency of 53%, yielding an energy output of 238,573.9 kW—an increase of 42.5% over traditional systems. Additionally, this configuration produced the lowest exhaust temperatures, minimizing thermal pollution. The economic assessment indicated that the GT-ABC-KC-ORC model not only had the lowest cost of electricity generation but also required less investment in equipment compared to the GT-KC model. The cost analysis showed that upgrading a simple cycle gas turbine (GT) to the GT-ABC-KC-ORC would require an additional investment of 131.3% of the GT's cost, compared to 185.6% for the GT-KC upgrade. These findings underscore the potential of the GT-ABC-KC-ORC configuration as a cost-effective and efficient solution for enhancing power generation through waste heat recovery. Further research is recommended to explore different combinations of bottoming cycles to optimize waste heat recovery systems.
Impact of Aflatoxin on food security, health, and economics in Kenyan Peanuts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Phanice T Wangila
Published: February 2025

Aflatoxin contamination presents a significant threat to food security and public health in Kenya, particularly in relation to Arachis hypogaea (peanuts), a staple source of protein and income for many households. This systematic review examines the multifaceted issues associated with aflatoxins in peanuts, encompassing their nutritional benefits, health risks, and economic ramifications. Aflatoxins, toxic metabolites produced by fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, jeopardize human health, contributing to conditions like aflatoxicosis and liver cancer, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. In Kenya, the prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in peanuts is exacerbated by high humidity and inadequate post-harvest practices, leading to diminished product quality and significant health hazards. Despite regulatory measures, such as the maximum allowable aflatoxin levels established by the Kenya Bureau of Standards, many contaminated products continue to enter the market, highlighting gaps in enforcement. The economic burden of aflatoxin contamination is profound, with losses attributed to health care costs, decreased productivity, and rejected crop sales, particularly impacting smallholder farmers. It is estimated that the agricultural sector incurs billions in losses, emphasizing the urgent need for effective educational initiatives and improved agricultural practices. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this review emphasizes the importance of enhancing public awareness and implementing robust food safety measures to mitigate aflatoxin risks. Ultimately, addressing these challenges is critical to improving nutritional outcomes, safeguarding health, and promoting economic stability in Kenya's agricultural landscape.
Desafios da interprofissionalidade no Programa de Aperfeiçoamento Multiprofissional de Preceptores da Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura de , Ferreira Diego Diz , Paim Marina Marina Bastos , Valencia Maria Fernanda Vásquez , Silva Michelle Juliana Pereira da , Lemos Alysson Feliciano , Gasque Kellen Cristina da Silva
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O Programa de Aperfeiçoamento Multiprofissional de Preceptores da Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde (UNA-SUS), lançado em 2022, visa fortalecer a formação de preceptores multiprofissionais e promover práticas colaborativas fundamentadas nos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este estudo analisou os desafios da interprofissionalidade na primeira edição do programa. Objetivo: Avaliar os desafios da interprofissionalidade no Programa de Aperfeiçoamento Multiprofissional de Preceptores da UNA-SUS, com foco na análise da estrutura curricular e das estratégias pedagógicas adotadas. Métodos: Estudo de avaliação realizado entre 2022 e 2023, utilizando abordagem mista. A amostra incluiu preceptores que concluíram os 22 cursos do programa, com participação de 16.617 pessoas na fase quantitativa e 392 na fase qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de enquetes, questionários eletrônicos, grupos focais e análise documental. A análise quantitativa utilizou o software gratuito Jamovi versão 1.6, enquanto os dados qualitativos foram analisados com o Atlas.ti versão 23. Resultados: A análise revelou predomínio de profissionais do sexo feminino (81,2%) e que a maioria dos cursistas (40%) trabalhava em serviços hospitalares. A estrutura curricular foi considerada adequada para o alcance dos objetivos de aprendizagem, mas apresentou limitações na aplicação prática dos conteúdos em cenários fora da atenção primária. A centralidade do profissional médico nos cursos foi uma fragilidade identificada, o que contraria os princípios da interprofissionalidade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de revisão do programa para promover uma abordagem interprofissional mais robusta. Recomenda-se a revisão curricular para diversificar os cenários de prática e equalizar a representação das diferentes categorias profissionais, bem como a adaptação das estratégias pedagógicas para incluir uma variedade mais ampla de personagens e contextos profissionais.
The Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya: Trends and Legal Solutions
Authors: Ligadho Ng’ani Chrisphine
Published: February 2025

Corruption significantly hampers foreign direct investment (FDI) in Kenya, despite the government's attempts to address it. This paper examines the impact of corruption on FDI in Kenya, highlighting the trends, legal framework, and effectiveness of anti-corruption strategies. The study finds that corruption has a negative impact on FDI, and that the legal framework in place is robust but ineffective due to political interference, inadequate resources, and lack of independence among anti-corruption bodies. Notably, corruption often originates within government structures and involves government officials, further complicating anti-corruption efforts. The paper recommends a multi-faceted approach to combating corruption, including securing independence for anti-corruption bodies, allocating adequate resources, building a culture of transparency, and increasing cooperation between stakeholders. By addressing corruption, Kenya can attract more FDI, promote economic growth, and achieve sustainable development
COMMERCIAL MEDIATION AS A REMEDY FOR CORRUPT JUSTICE IN SECURING THE BUSINESS CLIMATE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Johnny NKULU MUKUBU LUNDA
Published: February 2025

Since their independences, in most of sub-Saharan African countries the administration of justice has suffered from a wickedness that is eating away at it and compromising the judicial security necessary for economic development: corruption. Corruption has many faces and form but one of the worst forms is judicial corruption, because it is really a break the development of our countries and even for the sub-region. In the face of corruption, commercial mediation is proposed as a remedy for the countries of the sub-region. Mediation is an alternative method of conflict resolution where the parties try to find a solution to a conflict on their own, under the supervision of a third party: the mediator. This alternative dispute resolution method excludes any possibility of judicial corruption or financial domination by one party over another, simply because the mediator has no role to play in favour of one party to the detriment of another. This definitively excludes any intention or possibility of corruption Rather, the objective of mediation is to re-establish lasting and quality communication between the parties because, free from all the misunderstandings that caused the conflict, they can even after the dispute consider better relations, which is crucial in the business world. Commercial mediation offers a framework of trust, since the parties are freed from intimidating legal proceedings with judges and lawyers, a considerable time saver, since the parties do not bother with long trials, an ideal framework for commercial collaboration, since no one loses out but also an infallible remedy against corruption, since no party has an interest in influencing the mediator, whose role is not to agree with one party or another but rather to lead them to a solution that suits them all.
A Political Genealogy of Joseph Conrad
Authors: Ruppel Richard
Published: February 2025

Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, who gradually transformed himself into the English writer, Joseph Conrad, was a mercurial personality. He left Poland for the sea, though he had no experience with salt water. He left the Polish language for French, and then for English. He attempted suicide at the age of twenty. He invested in various schemes and lost his inheritance. He married an English typist nearly sixteen years younger than himself with whom he had nothing in common. He worked as a writer though he made no money through all the years of his most important work and though he experienced terrible psychological breakdowns after completing each novel. He was warm with his friends, ingratiating with influential strangers, but also intensely irritable and easily offended.

His work is as varied and changeable as his personality, from his first two, emotionally intense Malay novels, to the stolid and confident Nigger of the “Narcissus” and “Typhoon”; from the coldly ironic “Outpost of Progress” to the nightmarishly subjective Heart of Darkness; from the leisurely, panoramic visions of Nostromo to the tautly nervous, claustrophobic ironies in The Secret Agent.

Despite the extraordinary thematic and tonal range of his work, critics have imposed a stable political perspective on his fiction—most often an organic conservatism, influenced by his Polish background. This is understandable; until recently, a critic’s role has been to impose order on an artist’s creations.

The approach in this book is different. Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault and Jean-Francois Lyotard, especially on the latter’s critique of what he called “the grand narrative,” A Political Genealogy of Joseph Conrad shows how Conrad’s politics were always radically contingent on audience, contemporary events, and, especially, genre. While the political perspective in each of his stories and novels may be more-or-less coherent and consistent, there is no consistency throughout his work.

A Political Genealogy of Joseph Conrad is the first book devoted exclusively to Conrad’s politics since the 1960s.
Refining Nature in Modern Japanese Literature
Authors: Guo Nanyan
Published: February 2025

This book examines the literature of Shiga Naoya, who is highly regarded in modern Japan for his unique style and methods of describing his personal experiences and emotions. Contributing new findings to the field of scholarship on Shiga, this study focuses in particular on Shiga’s nature-inspired writings and discusses how he created some vivid images of nature that became famous and still linger in Japanese people’s minds. Shiga’s remarkable sensitivity toward nature and the influences he received from earlier writers in Japan and abroad is examined. The complexity and depth of his understanding of nature is further revealed in his fascination with the supernatural, which also contributed to the creation of his literary style.
Literature and Liberty
Authors: Mendenhall Allen
Published: February 2025

The economic theories of Karl Marx and his disciples continue to be anthologized in books of literary theory and criticism and taught in humanities classrooms to the exclusion of other, competing economic paradigms. Marxism is collectivist, predictable, monolithic, impersonal, linear, reductive — in short, wholly inadequate as an instrument for good in an era when we know better than to reduce the variety of human experience to simplistic formulae. A person’s creative and intellectual energies are never completely the products of culture or class. People are rational agents who choose between different courses of action based on their reason, knowledge, and experience. A person’s choices affect lives, circumstances, and communities. Even literary scholars who reject pure Marxism are still motivated by it, because nearly all economic literary theory derives from Marxism or advocates for vast economic interventionism as a solution to social problems.

Such interventionism, however, has a track-record of mass murder, war, taxation, colonization, pollution, imprisonment, espionage, and enslavement — things most scholars of imaginative literature deplore. Yet most scholars of imaginative literature remain interventionists. Literature and Liberty offers these scholars an alternative economic paradigm, one that over the course of human history has eliminated more generic bads than any other system. It argues that free market or libertarian literary theory is more humane than any variety of Marxism or interventionism. Just as Marxist historiography can be identified in the use of structuralism and materialist literary theory, so should free-market libertarianism be identifiable in all sorts of literary theory. Literature and Liberty disrupts the near monopolistic control of economic ideas in literary studies and offers a new mode of thinking for those who believe that arts and literature should play a role in discussions about law, politics, government, and economics. Drawing from authors as wide-ranging as Emerson, Shakespeare, E.M. Forster, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Henry Hazlitt, and Mark Twain, Literature and Liberty is a significant contribution to libertarianism and literary studies.
Politicized Physics in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy
Authors: Roecklein Robert J.
Published: February 2025

In the origins of Western philosophical thought, doctrines of physics intertwined with the debate between political philosophers. It is for this reason that Plato devoted his dialogues Theatetus and Parmenides to investigating and meeting the arguments of his principal philosophical adversaries. The doctrine of atomism, which developed under the influence of Parmenides’ philosophy, is one that Plato refutes directly. In the modern era of philosophy and science, a revived doctrine of atomism has been treated as apolitical. Atomistic postulates lay at the root of the doctrines of Early Modern philosophers and exert a great influence upon cultural and political teachings. In order to understand Early Modern Philosophy, therefore, and especially in order to examine Early Modern political science, one must address the atomistic theory of body which lies at the root of Early Modern metaphysics. In the metaphysical domain, or in the domain of natural philosophy, the Early Modern philosophers radically reduce the role that ordinary opinion may play in political and cultural life. The majestic declarations concerning the rights of man, and the gospel of utility characteristic of the political domain of Early Modernity, therefore conceal a shrunken influence fated for the demos in the new politics. In order to take the measure of the new political science, it is necessary to take the measure of the revived doctrines of atomism. If these doctrines can be disproved, by reviving Plato’s critique, we will be able to take a critical look at the political doctrines that lie upon the foundations of the politicized atomism.
Balanced Trade
Authors: Richman Jesse , Richman Howard , Richman Raymond
Published: February 2025

How should a principled nation which believes in the benefits of mutually beneficial trade respond to the predations of mercantilist trading partners and imbalanced trade? Many argue that the response should be to do little or nothing. Balanced Trade argues that achieving the full benefits of international trade requires an effective response.

Although trade deficits provide short-term gains in consumption, these are combined with long-term losses in consumption, innovation, investment, employment and power. Furthermore, market mechanisms do not correct trade imbalances that result from mercantilism, nor do they compensate for the long term shift in production and consumption towards the mercantilist. Balancing trade can make important short run and long run contributions to economic stability and prosperity.

In America today, despite the growing evidence that imbalanced free trade is not working, many American economists remain adamant in their promotion of free trade. They are also quick to label actions taken to balance trade as protectionism. The political system has also failed to effectively address the problem of imbalanced trade, and the Federal Reserve has often exacerbated rather than addressed the challenge. We show that the classical economic arguments against mercantilism do not justify doing nothing.

Effectively responding to imbalanced trade and mercantilism requires careful selection of strategy in order to achieve multiple objectives: balancing trade while maintaining the benefits of international trade, avoiding unnecessary inefficiencies, and maintaining compliance with international law.

One of the best options is the Scaled Tariff. By targeting countries with which the United States has a large current account deficit, the Scaled Tariff would efficiently, legally, and effectively balance trade. It would be applied to all imported goods from trade surplus countries that have had a sizable trade surplus with the United States over the most recent four economic quarters.The tariff rate would be designed to take in a portion (e.g. 50%) of the bilateral trade deficit (goods plus services) as revenue. No particular product is protected; the scaled tariff simply changes the terms of trade between the two countries, much as currency devaluation would change the terms of trade with all countries.
Mark Twain's Audience
Authors: McParland Robert
Published: February 2025

Mark Twain has been one of the most popular American writers since 1868. This book shifts the focus of Twain studies from the writer to the reader. This study of Twain’s readership and lecture audiences makes use of statistics, literary biography, twentieth-century newspapers, memoirs, diaries, travel journals, letters, literature, interviews, and reading circle reports. The book allows the audience of Mark Twain to speak for themselves in defining their relationship to his work.

Twain collected letters from his readers but there are also many other sources of which critics should be aware. The voices of these readers present their views, their likes—and sometimes dislikes, their emotional reactions and identification, and their deep attachment and love for Twain’s characters, stories, themes, and sensibilities. Bringing together contemporary reactions to Twain and his works and those of later audiences, this book paints a portrait of the American people and of American society and culture. While the book is about Mark Twain, or Samuel Clemens, it presents a larger cultural study of twentieth-century America and the early years of the twentieth century.

The book includes Twain’s international audience but makes its majorly scholarly contribution in the analysis of Twain’s audience in America. It analyzes the people and their values, their reading habits and cultural views, their everyday experiences in the face of the drastic changes of the emerging nation coping with cataclysmic events, such as the Industrial Revolution and the consequences of the Civil War. This book serves as a model for using the audience of a prominent writer to analyze American history, American culture, and the American psyche.

This book examines a historical time and an emerging national consciousness that defined the American identity after the Civil War.
Proclivity to Genocide
Authors: Okoye Grace O.
Published: February 2025

This book examines proclivity to genocide in the protracted killings that have continued for decades in the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict, spanning from the 1966 northern Nigeria massacres of thousands of Ibos up to the present, ongoing killings between extremist Muslims and Christians or non-Muslims in the region. It explores the ethnic and religious dimensions of the conflict over five phases to investigate genocidal proclivity to the killings and the extent to which religion foments and escalates the conflict.

This book adopts a conceptual analytic approach of establishing similarity of genocidal patterns to the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict by examining genocidal occurrences and massacres in history, particularly the twentieth-century contemporary genocides, for an understanding of genocide. With this reference frame, the study structures a Genocide Proclivity Model for identifying inclinations to genocide and derives a substantive theory using the Strauss and Corbin (1990) approach.

By identifying genocidal intent as underlying the various manifestations and causes of genocide in specific genocide cases, the book establishes that genocidal proclivity or the intent to exterminate the “other” on the basis of religion and/or ethnicity underlies most of the northern Nigerian episodic, but protracted, killings. The book’s analytic framework and approach are grounded in identifiable and provable evidences of specific intent to annihilate the “other,” mostly involving extremist Muslimsintent to‘cleanse’ northern Nigeria of Christians and other non-Muslims through the ‘exclusionary ideology’ of imposition of the Sharia Law, and to ‘force assimilation’ or ‘extermination’ through massacres and genocidal killings of those who refuse to assimilate or adopt the Muslim ideology. The study establishes that the genocidal inclinations to the conflict have remained latent because of the intermittent but protracted nature of the killings and lends credence to the conception of genocidal intent and its covertness in situations of genocidal intermittency. The book unearths the latency of episodic genocide in the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict, prescribes recommendations, and launches a clarion call for international intervention to stop the genocide.
Metaphilosophy
Authors: Rescher Nicholas
Published: February 2025

The definitive mission of metaphilosophy is to facilitate an understanding of how philosophy works—the aim of the enterprise, the instrumental and procedural resources for its work, and the prospect of its success. Nicholas Rescher unites two facets of metaphilosophy to show that historical perspective and forward-thinking normative, or systematic, metaphilosophy cannot be independent of one another. The descriptive, or historical, metaphilosophy provides an account of what has been thought regarding the conduct of philosophical inquiry, and the prescriptive, or normative, metaphilosophy which deliberates about what is to be thought regarding the conduct of philosophizing. Rescher argues that metaphilosophy forms a part of philosophy itself. This is a unique feature of the discipline since the philosophy of biology is not a part of biology and the philosophy of mathematics is not a part of mathematics. Ultimately, the salient features of philosophizing in general—including the inherently controversial and discordant nature of philosophical doctrines—are also bound to afflict metaphilosophy. Thus, only by a careful analysis of the central issues can a plausible view of the enterprise be developed.

Metaphilosophy: Philosophy in Philosophical Perspective challenges the static, compartmentalized view of metaphilosophy, providing insight for scholars and students of all areas of philosophy.
Jubal Early
Authors: Cooling Benjamin Franklin
Published: February 2025

In Jubal Early: Robert E. Lee’s Bad Old Man, a new critical biography of Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Anderson Early, Civil War historian B.F. Cooling III takes a fresh look at one of the most fascinating, idiosyncratic characters in the pantheon of Confederate heroes and villains. Dubbed by Robert E. Lee as his "bad old man" because of his demeanor, Early was also Lee's chosen instrument to attack and capture Washington as well as defend the Shenandoah Valley granary in the summer and fall of 1864. Neither cornered nor snared by Union opponents, Early came closest of any Confederate general to capturing Washington, ending Lincoln's presidency, and forever changing the fate of the Civil War and American history. His failure to grapple with this moment of historical immortality and emerge victorious bespeaks as much his own foibles as the counter-efforts of the enemy, the effects of weather and the shortcomings of his army. From the pinnacle of success, Jubal Early descended to the trough of defeat within three months when opponent General Philip Sheridan resoundingly defeated him in the Valley campaign of 1864.

Jubal Early famously exhibited a harder, less gallant personal as a leading Confederate practitioner of "hard" or destructive war, a tactic usually ascribed to Union generals Hunter, Sheridan, and Sherman. An extortionist of Yankee capital in northern towns in Pennsylvania and Maryland—typically in the form of tribute—Early also became forever associated with the wanton destruction of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, as well as Congressman Thaddeus Stevens private commerical ironworks, and the private dwellings of Maryland governor Augustus Bradford and then Postmaster General Montgomery Blair. How war hardened a crabbed, arthritically hobbled but brilliantly pragmatic soldier and lawyer offers one of the most fascinating puzzles of personality in Civil War history.

One of the most alluring yet repellent figures of Southern Confederate history, Jubal Early would devolve from the ideal prewar constitutional unionist to the postwar personification of the unreconstructed rebel and progenitor of the “lost cause” explanation for the demise of the Confederacy's experiment in rebellion or independence. This critical study explains how one of Virginia's loyal sons came through war and peace to garner a unique position in the Confederacy's pantheon of heroes—and the Union’s cabal of military villains.

Jubal Early: Robert E. Lee’s Bad Old Man will appeal to anyone interested in Civil War history and Confederate history.
Managing Copyright in Higher Education
Authors: Ferullo Donna L.
Published: February 2025

As more and more colleges and universities establish copyright offices and/or assign the responsibilities of copyright education and advisory services to specific individuals within the institution, many times librarians, there is a paucity of resources available on how to manage that responsibility. Most works on copyright discuss the law and court cases interpreting the law but few address the situational application of it and the management and coordination of copyright efforts on a campus.

Here is a complete, one-stop, guide to managing copyright at all levels—community college, college, and university.

Complete chapters are devoted to:

The university culture

The role of a copyright office

How to establish a copyright office

Copyright services for librarians

Copyright services for faculty

Copyright services for administrators and staff

Copyright services for students

Written by the director of the University Copyright Office at Purdue University who holds both law and library science degrees, this is complete, authoritative guide is a must-purchase for every institution of higher education seeking to comply with the copyright law and thus avoid potential liability exposure.
Repositioning Reference
Authors: Saunders Laura , Rozaklis Lillian , Abels Eileen G.
Published: February 2025

To compete today, librarians need to not only provide old services in new ways but also to provide new services. Repositioning Reference: New Methods and New Services for a New Age re-imagines reference services in libraries and information organizations and the role of reference librarians, taking into account rapid developments in technology and information-specific services in non-library sectors. It traces the history of technology adoption for reference services, describes competitive pressures facing reference services, identifies untapped opportunities for reference services and librarians, details innovative and creative solutions for energizing the profession and engaging library user communities, and prescribes means to evaluating technologies for reference services.

This book:

• Includes current and unique examples of innovative reference services to serve as inspiration and launching points for readers.

• Offers contemporary management theory and practice from outside of the field of LIS to offer readers a guide for initiating, leading, and managing change in their organizations.

• Outlines the processes of environmental scanning and SWOT analysis, which are important practices for keeping abreast of changes in the field and positioning an organization to make the most of their opportunities and to minimize threats.

Repositioning Reference may be used as a textbook by LIS educators whose courses and learning experiences prepare aspiring librarians to lead the reference revolution and by practicing librarians in diverse settings who want to be change agents.
The New Zealand Paradox
Authors: Mapp Wayne
Published: February 2025

The rise of China is profoundly altering the balance of power in the Asia-Pacific region, and this shift will accelerate as China’s economy grows to rival that of the United States during the next two decades. This report examines these issues and suggests the course that New Zealand should chart to ensure that its interests in the peace and stability of the Asia Pacific are maintained.
Information Privacy Fundamentals for Librarians and Information Professionals
Authors: Givens Cherie L.
Published: February 2025

As more information is collected, shared, and mined, the need to understand and manage information privacy has become a necessity for information professionals. Governments across the globe have enacted information privacy laws. These laws continue to evolve and the information privacy protections that have been established differ by country. A basic understanding of privacy law, information privacy approaches, and information security controls is essential for information professionals to properly manage private/personally identifiable information (PII) in differing capacities in libraries, academic institutions, corporations, hospitals, and state and federal agencies.

Understanding and knowledge of applicable privacy laws and the ability to write privacy policies and procedures for the proper handling of PII are crucial skills for librarians and other information managers.

Information Privacy Fundamentals for Librarians and Information Professionals is tailored to the needs of librarians and information professionals. It introduces library and information professionals to information privacy, provides an overview of information privacy in the library and information science context, U.S. privacy laws by sector, information privacy policy, and key considerations when planning and creating a privacy program.
Sisterhood in Sports
Authors: Steidinger Joan
Published: February 2025

Sisterhood in Sports: How Female Athletes Collaborate and Compete tells the stories of all kinds of female athletes in a variety of sports. Their natural tendency to use talking as a primary form of communication is essential to their experiences and successes in sports. Women and girls tend to have BFFs, collaborate during periods of stress, express empathy for one another, worry about themselves and others, and desire to have fun in sports, which makes their experiences of sports and competition different from their male counterparts. Female strengths are grounded in both mind and body, and they take these strengths onto the court, field, and track.

There are now dozens of studies showing how the female brain and hormones operate quite differently than those of men. This book reveals the ways in which these differences confirm that intense emotions about relationships are part of the sporting life for female competitors. Joan Steidinger uses real stories to show that women and girls compete at very high levels, but also have a different view of their teammates and opponents, one based on relationships and communication, that impacts performance both on and off the field. They enjoy and revel in sisterhood, even as they fight to win. Understanding this need for connection helps us better understand how female athletes succeed and perform both in sports and in life. Female athletes and anyone who works with them will learn how to better facilitate mastery, competition, collaboration, and connection on and off the field the practice of female collaborative competition.
Hitchcock's Stars
Authors: Coffin Lesley L.
Published: February 2025

Although he was a visual stylist who once referred to actors as cattle, Alfred Hitchcock also had a remarkable talent for innovative and creative casting choices. The director launched the careers of several actors and completely changed the trajectory of others, many of whom created some of the most iconic screen performances in history. However, Hitchcock’s ability to fit his leading men and women into just the right parts has been a largely overlooked aspect of his filmmaking skills.

In Hitchcock’s Stars: Alfred Hitchcock and the Hollywood Studio System, Lesley L. Coffin looks at how the director made the most of the actors who were at his disposal for several decades. From his first American production in 1940 to his final feature in 1976, Hitchcock’s films were examples of creative casting that strayed far from the norm during the structured Hollywood star system. Rather than examining the cinematic aspects of his work, this book explores the collaboration the director engaged in with some of the most popular stars in Hollywood history. Coffin explains how the master of on-screen manipulation exploited the nervous insecurity of Joan Fontaine for the lead in Rebecca, subverted the wholesome image of Robert Walker to play a deranged killer in Strangers on a Train, and plucked an unknown actress to star in The Birds.

Documenting Hitchcock’s Hollywood output from his arrival in America through his final effort, Family Plot, the author chronicles each film’s casting process, performances, and the personas each star brought to his or her role. Inspiring a fresh look at several films, this book will engage fans and encourage them to reconsider a number of Hitchcock classics in a new light.
Public Libraries, Public Policies, and Political Processes
Authors: Jaeger Paul T. , Gorham Ursula , Bertot John Carlo , Sarin Lindsay C.
Published: February 2025

Drawing on two decades of original research conducted by the authors, as well as existing research about the intersection of public policy, political discourse, and public libraries, this book seeks to understand the origins and implications of the current standing of public libraries in public policy and political discourse. It both explains the complex current circumstances and offers strategies for effectively creating a better future for public libraries.The main message is that there is a pressing need for public librarians and other supporters of public libraries to be:Aware of the political process and its implications for libraries; Attuned to the interrelationships between policy and politics; and Engaged in the policy process to articulate the need for policies that support public libraries. The style is both scholarly and accessible to general readers, with the goal of being useful to students, educators, researchers, practitioners, and friends of public libraries in library and information science. It will also be usefull for those engaged in areas of public policy, government, economics, and political science who are interested in the relationships between public libraries, public policy, and political processes. Building upon the discussion of the key issues, the book offers proposals for professional, policy-making, and political strategies that can strengthen the public library and its ability to meet the needs of individuals and communities. The discussion and analysis in the book draw upon data and real world examples from the many studies that the authors have conducted on related topics, including libraries’ outreach to increasingly diverse service populations and efforts to meet community needs through innovative partnerships. As the intersection of politics, policy, and libraries has grown in importance and complexity in recent years, the need for a book on their interrelationships is long overdue.
Die Utopie scheitert nie
Authors: Paoletić Vito
Published: February 2025

Adolescence is the age of transition between a mostly naïve, trusting, albeit not always problem-free and relaxed childhood and the physical and emotional maturity desired and enforced by society. How is adolescence portrayed in literature? And since when? In addition to precursors such as Goethe, Moritz, Musil, Hesse, Grass and Plenzdorf, the present study focuses on relevant works by current representatives of the adolescent novel such as Herrndorf, Mohl, Travnicek, Hochgatterer, Bach and Güntner, which are primarily dedicated to the implicit utopian thought patterns. Many themes and disciplines flow together and complement each other: adolescence and youth problems, children's, youth and adult literature, psychology, philosophy and sociology, utopia and dystopia.