bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of serum cholesterol and its mechanism byLactobacillus plantarumH6 screened from local fermented food products
Authors: Qu Tianming , Yang Liu , Wang Yuhua , Jiang Bin , Shen Minghao , Ren Dayong
Published: January 2020

Scheme showing the possible mechanisms by whichL. plantarumH6 maintains cholesterol homeostasis in mice with high-cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia.
The accurate determination of number concentration of inorganic nanoparticles using spICP-MS with the dynamic mass flow approach
Authors: Cuello-Nuñez Susana , Abad-Álvaro Isabel , Bartczak Dorota , del Castillo Busto M. Estela , Ramsay David Alexander , Pellegrino Francesco , Goenaga-Infante Heidi
Published: January 2020

Methodology for SI traceable determination of particle number concentration by reference NM-free spICP-MS.
Microfluidic concentration and separation of circulating tumor cell clusters from large blood volumes
Authors: Edd Jon F. , Mishra Avanish , Dubash Taronish D. , Herrera Stefan , Mohammad Ridhwan , Williams E. Kendall , Hong Xin , Mutlu Baris R. , Walsh John R. , Machado de Carvalho Fernanda , Aldikacti Berent , Nieman Linda T. , Stott Shannon L. , Kapur Ravi , Maheswaran Shyamala , Haber Daniel A. , Toner Mehmet
Published: January 2020

Rare CTC clusters can be purified intact from large blood volumes with a continuous three-stage non-equilibrium inertial separation array (NISA).
MSDE emerging investigators 2020
Authors: de Pablo Juan , Hammond Neil
Published: January 2020

Juan de Pablo, Editorial Board Chair, and Neil Hammond, Executive Editor, introduce the MSDE Emerging Investigators 2020 issue.
Lung metastasis-targeted donut-shaped nanostructures shuttled by the margination effect for the PolyDox generation-mediated penetrative delivery into deep tumors
Authors: Chiang Min-Ren , Su Yu-Lin , Chang Chih-Yi , Chang Chein-Wen , Hu Shang-Hsiu
Published: January 2020

A donut-shaped nanostructure effectively approaches the tumor and offers burst penetrative delivery of a large payload of drug to overcome tumor heterogeneity.
Reactivity of hemi-labile pyridyl and pyrimidyl derived chalcogen ligands towards group 10 metal phosphine precursors
Authors: Chauhan Rohit Singh
Published: January 2020

The reactivity of N-heterocyclic dichalcogenides and their sodium salts towards group 10 metal phosphine precursors has been investigated.
MOF-derived CuCoNi trimetallic hybrids as efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts
Authors: Ma Junchao , Lu Boyan , Wang Sha , He Wenxiu , Bai Xiaojue , Wang Tieqiang , Zhang Xuemin , Li Yunong , Zhang Liying , Chen Junyi , Meng Fanbao , Fu Yu
Published: January 2020

The synthesis of the CuCoNi trimetallic electrocatalyst is facile and fast. The amorphous material exhibits excellent performance in OER electrocatalysis.
Dendritic silica with carbon dots and gold nanoclusters for dual nanozymes
Authors: Zhao Lirong , Ren Xiangling , Zhang Jing , Zhang Wei , Chen Xudong , Meng Xianwei
Published: January 2020

dSCS-Au NPs were established for dual nanozymes with dendritic silica spheres containing C-dots and Au NCs.
Solution-processable BODIPY decorated triazine photodiodes and their comprehensive photophysical evaluation
Authors: Topaloğlu Aksoy Burcu , Keşan Gürkan , Özcan Emrah , Tanrıverdi Eçik Esra , Dere Ayşegül , Karabulut Abdulkerim , Yakuphanoglu Fahrettin , Çoşut Bünyemin
Published: January 2020

Solution-processed organic photodiodes can function as thin-film candidates for solid-state photosensors in various optoelectronic applications due to the physical and chemical tuneability.
Synthetic saponite clays as promising solids for lanthanide ion recovery
Authors: Marchesi Stefano , Carniato Fabio , Guidotti Matteo , Botta Mauro , Marchese Leonardo , Bisio Chiara
Published: January 2020

The extraction of lanthanide ions (Ln3+) from aqueous solutions was accomplished with layered materials based on synthetic saponite clays, showing interesting uptake performance and good selectivity.
Ultrastable Li-ion battery anodes by encapsulating SnS nanoparticles in sulfur-doped graphene bubble films
Authors: Zhao Bing , Song Daiyun , Ding Yanwei , Wu Juan , Wang Zhixuan , Chen Zhiwen , Jiang Yong , Zhang Jiujun
Published: January 2020

SnS nanoparticles are encapsulated into sulfur-doped graphene bubble film presenting a flake-graphite-like structure. The closely packed SnS@G composite shows much lower specific surface area, smaller irreversible Li+ consumption.
Chemical transformations of quaternary ammonium salts via C–N bond cleavage
Authors: Wang Zhong-Xia , Yang Bo
Published: January 2020

The reaction of quaternary ammonium salts via C–N bond cleavage to construct C–C, C–H and C–heteroatom bonds is summarized.
Comparative assessment of physicochemical and antioxidative properties of mung bean protein hydrolysates
Authors: Zheng Zhaojun , Wang Man , Li Jiaxin , Li Jinwei , Liu Yuanfa
Published: January 2020

Two commercial plant proteases namely ficin and bromelain, were acquired to hydrolyze mung bean protein over 300 min hydrolysis, and the physicochemical and antioxidative properties of the obtained hydrolysates were investigated.
MnOx dispersed on attapulgite derived Al-SBA-15: a promising catalyst for volatile organic compound combustion
Authors: Meng Jie , Fang Fan , Feng Nengjie , Wan Hui , Guan Guofeng
Published: January 2020

To improve the catalytic activity when utilizing metal oxides for VOCs combustion, Mn/Al-SBA-15 catalysts have been synthesized through a wetness impregnation technique involving Mn(NO3)2 on Al-SBA-15, hydrothermally prepared from attapulgite.
Synthesis of green-emitting carbon quantum dots with double carbon sources and their application as a fluorescent probe for selective detection of Cu2+ ions
Authors: Xu Jun , Wang Congling , Li Huizhi , Zhao Weilin
Published: January 2020

Green-emitting carbon quantum dots (G-CQDs) were prepared using tartaric acid and bran by one-pot solvothermal treatment and had photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY) as high as 46%.
Physicochemical analysis and phenolic profile of polyfloral and honeydew honey from Montenegro
Authors: Nešović Milica , Gašić Uroš , Tosti Tomislav , Trifković Jelena , Baošić Rada , Blagojević Stevan , Ignjatović Ljubiša , Tešić Živoslav
Published: January 2020

The research subject of this paper was a detailed physicochemical analysis of 28 honey samples from the northern part of Montenegro.
Overcoming the difficulties of predicting conformational polymorph energetics in molecular crystals via correlated wavefunction methods
Authors: Greenwell Chandler , McKinley Jessica L. , Zhang Peiyu , Zeng Qun , Sun Guangxu , Li Bochen , Wen Shuhao , Beran Gregory J. O.
Published: January 2020

Widely used crystal structure prediction models based on density functional theory can perform poorly for conformational polymorphs, but a new model corrects those polymorph stability rankings.
Promoting heterogeneous catalysis beyond catalyst design
Authors: Hülsey Max J. , Lim Chia Wei , Yan Ning
Published: January 2020

Physical effects, such as electromagnetic waves, plasma, electric potential, electric/magnetic fields and mechanical strain, can efficiently promote heterogeneous catalysis beyond catalyst design.
PEST (political, environmental, social & technical) analysis of the development of the waste-to-energy anaerobic digestion industry in China as a representative for developing countries
Authors: Khalid Habiba , Zhang Hongyan , Liu Caiyan , Li Wei , Abuzar Muhammad Khubaib , Amin Farrukh Raza , Liu Guangqing , Chen Chang
Published: January 2020

PEST analysis of AD Industry in China.
Surface charge dominated protein absorption on hydrogels
Authors: Guo Honglei , Uehara Yuto , Matsuda Takahiro , Kiyama Ryuji , Li Long , Ahmed Jamil , Katsuyama Yoshinori , Nonoyama Takayuki , Kurokawa Takayuki
Published: January 2020

Soft tissue engineering requires antifouling materials that are biocompatible and mechanically flexible.
Current progress in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to fuels on heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Liu Anmin , Gao Mengfan , Ren Xuefeng , Meng Fanning , Yang Yanan , Gao Liguo , Yang Qiyue , Ma Tingli
Published: January 2020

As a promising and important carbon source, utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) can effectively solve the energy crisis caused by fossil resource consumption and the environmental problems arising from the emission of CO2.
High-performance NIR-sensitive fused tetrathienoacene electron acceptors
Authors: Wang Wei , Lu Heng , Chen Zhenyu , Jia Boyu , Li Kejia , Ma Wei , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: January 2020

Fused tetrathienoacene electron acceptors, F8IC1 and F10IC1, were synthesized and compared with thienothiophene-based F6IC. The organic solar cells based on F8IC1 and F10IC1 achieved higher efficiencies than those of the F6IC-based cells.
Highly machine-washable e-textiles with high strain sensitivity and high thermal conduction
Authors: Tang Zhenhua , Yao Dijie , Du Donghe , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: January 2020

E-textiles of rGO/CNTs/NWF are prepared by nanosoldering. They can have high sensitivity to strain, high thermal conduction and high machine washability.
LINC00461/miR-4478/E2F1 feedback loop promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Meng Qingxin , Liu Ming , Cheng Ruyi
Published: January 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent subtype of lung cancer, whose mortality is high. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have caught rising attentions because of their intricate roles in regulating cancerization and cancer progression. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 461 (LINC00461) has recently shown oncogenic potential in several cancers, but the function of LINC00461 in NSCLC remains to be investigated. Our study planned to unveil the regulatory role of LINC00461 in NSCLC. It was validated that LINC00461 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines and exhibited prognostic significance. Furthermore, LINC00461 expression in advanced stage was much higher than in early stage. Loss-of-function experiments suggested that LINC00461 knockdown impaired cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subcellular fractionation revealed the predominant location of LINC00461 in cytoplasm. Mechanistically, LINC00461 up-regulated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) expression through sponging miR-4478. Besides, E2F1 bound to the promoter of LINC00461 to induce its transcription. Finally, rescue experiments verified that LINC00461 aggravated proliferation, migration, and EMT through targeting miR-4478/E2F1 axis. In consequence, the present study illustrated that LINC00461/miR-4478/E2F1 feedback loop promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, providing a new prognostic marker for NSCLC.
Effects of emodin on inflammatory bowel disease-related osteoporosis
Authors: Luo Jing-sheng , Zhao Xinhua , Yang Yu
Published: January 2020

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to bone loss. Emodin can influence the activity and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, few studies have shown the effects of emodin on IBD-induced bone damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of emodin in IBD-induced osteoporosis in an animal model. An IBD model in Sprague Dawley male rats was established by administering 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water. Emodin was administered orally (30 mg/kg body weight) every other day starting in the third week for 9 weeks. Blood, colon and bone samples were obtained for biomarker assays and histological analysis. Bone biomechanical properties, microCT, metabolic biomarkers and bone histological changes were analyzed. The bone mass was significantly decreased, and the bone biomechanical properties and bone microstructure parameters of IBD rats were significantly worse than those of control rats (P<0.05). Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining also showed that the number of osteoclasts in bone in IBD rats were larger than that in bone in control rats. Emodin intervention abolished the changes in bone microstructure and biomechanical properties (P<0.05) induced by IBD. Osteoclast formation and serum C-terminal cross-linked peptide (CTX) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also inhibited by emodin (P<0.05). Emodin significantly abolished IBD-enhanced Traf6, NFATC1 and c-fos expression. Our data demonstrated that emodin suppresses IBD-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast formation.
Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Naseem Masooma , Farooq Javeria
Published: January 2020

Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.
3D driver pose estimation based on joint 2D–3D network
Authors: Yao Zhijie , Liu Yazhou , Ji Zexuan , Sun Quansen , Lasang Pongsak , Shen Shengmei
Published: January 2020

Three‐dimensional (3D) driver pose estimation is a promising and challenging problem for computer–human interaction. Recently convolutional neural networks have been introduced into 3D pose estimation, but these methods have the problem of slow running speed and are not suitable for driving scenario. In this study, the proposed method is based on two types of inputs, infrared image and point cloud obtained from time‐of‐flight camera. The authors propose a joint 2D–3D network incorporating image‐based and point‐based feature to promote the performance of 3D human pose estimation and run on a high speed. For point cloud with invalid points, the authors first do preprocess and then design a denoising module to handle this problem. Experiments on private driver data set and public Invariant‐Top View data set show that the proposed method achieves efficient and competitive performance on 3D human pose estimation.
Searching for kinematic evidence of Keplerian disks around Class 0 protostars with CALYPSO
Authors: Maret S. , Maury A. J. , Belloche A. , Gaudel M. , André Ph. , Cabrit S. , Codella C. , Lefévre C. , Podio L. , Anderl S. , Gueth F. , Hennebelle P.
Published: January 2020

The formation of protoplanetary disks is not well understood. To understand how and when these disks are formed, it is crucial to characterize the kinematics of the youngest protostars at a high angular resolution. Here we study a sample of 16 Class 0 protostars to measure their rotation profile at scales from 50 to 500 au and search for Keplerian rotation. We used high-angular-resolution line observations obtained with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer as part of the CALYPSO large program. From13CO (J= 2−1), C18O (J= 2−1) and SO (Nj= 56−45) moment maps, we find that seven sources show rotation about the jet axis at a few hundred au scales: SerpS-MM18, L1448-C, L1448-NB, L1527, NGC 1333-IRAS 2A, NGC 1333-IRAS 4B, and SVS13-B. We analyzed the kinematics of these sources in theuvplane to derive the rotation profiles down to 50 au scales. We find evidence for Keplerian rotation in only two sources, L1527 and L1448-C. Overall, this suggests that Keplerian disks larger than 50 au are uncommon around Class 0 protostars. However, in some of the sources, the line emission could be optically thick and dominated by the envelope emission. Due to the optical thickness of these envelopes, some of the disks could have remained undetected in our observations.
Joint DOD and DOA Estimation Using Reduced-Capon Method in Bistatic MIMO Array
Authors: Shi Wentao , Zhang Qunfei , He Chengbing
Published: January 2020

In order to resolve the problem of joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in bistatic MIMO array, a dimensional reduced-Capon method based on Taylor series expansion and signal subspace is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the Taylor series expansion of the steering vector is used to reduce the two-dimensional (2D) spectrum peak searching of Capon method to one-dimensional searching. Then, the DOD estimator can be achieved via Lagrange multiplier by one-dimension search. Finally, the steering vector of DOA corresponding to the DOD estimator is achieved and the DOA can be estimated. Hence, the estimated DOD and DOA are obtained automatically paired. And also, the proposed method can avoid the high computational complexity of MIMO Capon method. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Study on Transient Thermal Response for Functionally Graded Materials Based on Peridynamic Theory
Authors: Wang Fei , Ma Yu'e , Guo Yanning , Huang Wei
Published: January 2020

The transient heat conduction formula of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is presented based on peridynamics (PD). The simplified micro-heat conductivity model for FGMs is proposed and the numerical discretization and the peridynamic numerical formation are also illustrated. A FORTRAN program is coded to implement calculations. The accuracy of the program is verified by comparing the FEM and analytical results with PD solution. The FGM rectangle plate composed by titanium alloy coating zirconium oxide is performed to calculate temperature fields. The effects of material gradient, porosity and temperature load on thermal response are studied. It is shown that the ceramic proportion of FGMs is increased with an increasing material shape parameter and the thermal shielding performance of FGMs is also improved. The effect of the porosity on thermal response is more and more significant with the increasing time step. The increasing temperature load only affects the temperature response of FGM ceramic area. The thickness of temperature distribution area is increased with the increasing of heat conduction time.
Modeling and Simulation for Multi-Rotor Fixed-Wing UAV Based on Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Wu Han , Wang Zhengping , Zhou Zhou , Wang Rui
Published: January 2020

Accurate dynamic modeling lays foundation for design and control of UAV. The dynamic model for the multi-rotor fixed-wing UAV was looked into and it was divided into fuselage, air-body, multi-rotors, vertical fin, vertical tail and control surfaces, based on the multibody dynamics. The force and moment model for each body was established and derived into the Lagrange equation of the second king by virtual work. By electing quaternion as generalized coordinate and introducing Lagrangian multiplier, the dynamic modeling was deduced and established. Finally, the comparison between the simulation results and the experimental can be found that the present dynamic model accurately describes the process of dynamic change of this UAV and lay foundation for the control of UAV.
A New Compound Control Method for Missile with Canard and Tail Rudders
Authors: Zhang Minghuan , Ma Wanchao , Guo Yunhe , Xu Shengli
Published: January 2020

A new compound control method for missile with canard and tail rudders is presented in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of missile with canard/tail rudder is built and linearized using the small disturbance method. Then, the canard/tail rudder compound control system is created; the canard/tail rudder compound allocation strategy is designed based on the sequential quadratic programming method. Finally, the compound control method is verified on Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the compound control method can not only ensure the high dynamic and steady state performance of the control system, but also ensure the high maneuverability of the missile in whole airspace with low drag, thus proving the algorithm in this paper to be reliable and effective.
A Research of Ti Doped DLC Housing on the Friction Loss in Small Wankel Rotary Engine
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Jinxiang , Zhou Yang
Published: January 2020

Ti doped DLC coating was deposited on ductile iron disk commonly used material in small Wankel rotary engine. The friction coefficient under the working condition of apex seal was investigated. The results show that the Ti doped DLC coating is of low friction coefficient. In addition, the surface hardness and the morphology were improved by Ti doped DLC coating. After that, the Ti doped DLC coating was deposited on the housing. A performance testing platform for small Wankel rotary engine was built. The effect of Ti doped DLC coating under motored and working conditions were measured. The results show that when the operation speed varies from 7 000 to 17 000 r/min, the friction loss between apex seal and Ti doped DLC coating ranges 15~38 W under motored condition. It is only 68% of the friction loss between apex seal and ductile iron. Under working condition, the coating increases 23~78 W of the engine output power, which can improve the output power of small Wankel rotary engine by 24%~43%.
Unmanned Surface Vessel Steering L2 Gain Robust Control Based on Closed-Loop Shaping Filter
Authors: Guan Wei , Sun Jinghai , Li Xiang , Ren Zhihao
Published: January 2020

With the introduction of the closed-loop shaping filtering method into the L2 gain robust controller design strategy, a nonlinear robust steering controller for unmanned surface vessel is designed under the planning and control strategy in this paper. The rigorous mathematical analysis and synthesis characteristics of the L2 gain robust control theory and the Lyapunov design method are fully utilized in the controller design process. Furthermore, the concept of the closed-loop shaping filtering based on the classical closed-loop control theory is taken into the controller design strategy. Therefore, the time domain controller design methods integration with the frequency domain controller design strategy are merged togehter to complete the unmanned surface vessel steering controller design in the view of practical engineering and planning and control strategy. Finally, compared with several practical controller design methods in the multi-direction irregular waves, the simulation results show that the proposed steering controller design strategy has concise structure, distinctive physic meanings of the controller parameters and superior comprehensive control performance.
The Reflection Coefficients Measurement Method for the Underwater Acoustic Materials Based on the Single Vector Hydrophone
Authors: Shi Shengguo , Wang Chao , Hu Bo
Published: January 2020

In order to obtain the normal acoustic reflection coefficients of underwater acoustic materials in the free field with the wideband pulse signal, a new measuring method with a single vector hydrophone and the post-processing inverse filtering is put forward. Numerical simulations had been conducted to comparatively analyze the measurement performances of the measuring method. The simulation results show that the present method should be established on the high ratio of signal to the noise and it is not sensitive to the system error. The experiment result shows that the post-processing inverse filtering measuring method is more effective comparing with the method without the post-processing inverse filtering, especially the measurement consequence of the post-processing inverse filtering measurement method tends to the theoretical value when the frequency is higher than 2.5 kHz, because limitation of the transducer.
Leakage and Volumetric Efficiency Analysis and Seal Improvement of Internal Gear Pump with Multi Output
Authors: Wen Desheng , Liu Xiaoxue , Tian Shanheng , Wang Shaopeng , Sui Guangdong , Feng Peikun
Published: January 2020

Based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of the internal meshing gear pump with multi-output, the main leakage ways in the gear pump are summarized. By establishing the mathematical formula of leakage, the general formula of the total leakage of the gear pump under three working modes is obtained, and the volume efficiency of the pump is calculated. It is concluded that the volume efficiency of the internal meshing gear pump with multi output is the highest when the internal pump is used alone, and the volume efficiency of the external pump alone is the lowest. The structure of internal gear pump with multi output is improved to reduce the leakage and is verified via experiments. The experimental results show that the volumetric efficiency of the pump is consistent with the analysis results, that is, the volume efficiency decreases with the increasing of load pressure of pump.
Optimal Gains of Iterative Learning Control with Forgetting Factor
Authors: Dai Baolin , Gong Jun , Li Cuiming
Published: January 2020

In order to solve the optimization problems of convergence characteristics of a class of single-input single-output (SISO) discrete linear time-varying systems (LTI) with time-iteration-varying disturbances, an optimal control gain design method of PID type iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm with forgetting factor was presented. The necessary and sufficient condition for the ILC system convergence was obtained based on iterative matrix theory. The convergence of the learning algorithm was proved based on operator theory. According to optimization theory and Toeplitz matrix characteristics, the monotonic convergence condition of the system was established. The accurate solution of the optimal control gain and the relationship equation between the forgetting factor and the optimal control gains were obtained according to the optimal theory which ensures the fastest system convergence speed, thereby reaching the end of the system convergence improvement. The convergence condition is weaker than the known results. The proposed method overcomes the shortcomings of traditional optimal control gain in ILC algorithm with forgetting factor, effectively accelerates the system convergence speed, suppresses the system output track error fluctuation, and provides a better solution for LTI system with time-iteration-varying disturbances. Simulation verifies the effectiveness of the control algorithm.
Study of Regenerative Braking System and Brake Force using Pulse Width Module
Authors: Chueprasert Warunchit , Phaoharuhansa Danai
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to develop regenerative braking using pulse width module (PWM) control. It concerns frequency of regenerative braking period which is used to control regenerative braking. It is usually restricted by the electric power generation of AC synchronous axial motor. It is measured by motor bench tester. It indicates electronic brake torque and regenerative current. The resistance torque and regenerative current characteristics are expressed as second order polynomial equation. The results present the comparison between pulse signal and full period signal. The maximum deceleration is 10 Hz signal at 2.14 m/s2, which is not exceed deceleration of brake comfort. The harvest energy at 10 Hz PWM control is 1.40 Wh. It is closely to use full period regenerative brake, but 10 Hz PWM control has comfortable than other frequencies and efficiency is 54.3 percent.
Design of rapid monitoring system of geological disaster based on LoRa
Authors: Chenhui Wang , Qingjia Meng
Published: January 2020

According to the characteristics of the geological environment and disasters, this paper uses microelectronics, wireless communication, thin-film solar power supply and other technologies, combined with lightweight process design, a new scheme for rapid geological disaster monitoring system based on LoRa is proposed. The system is based on embedded microprocessor of STM32F103 and SX1278 module of LoRa, which uses self-organizing network design of star-type and constructs a monitoring system with long communication distance and stable and reliable data transmission. The system can realize real-time data collection of multiple monitoring parameters of the disaster body and transmit the monitoring data to the data center or dedicated data receiving terminal through LoRa/GPRS/BeiDou satellite, which can provide data support for expert analysis and decision-making. The system has the features of low power consumption, long transmission distance, ad hoc network, stable and reliable communication, which has wide application prospect in the field of geological disaster monitoring.
Simulation and disturbance estimation of speed-controlled mechatronic drive systems
Authors: Schöberlein Chris , Norberger Manuel , Schlegel Holger , Putz Matthias
Published: January 2020

In the field of modern production systems, the process-parallel measurement of time-varying process forces and torques for high-level process monitoring is becoming increasingly important. Commonly utilized methods are based on additional sensors placed close to the working area. Unfortunately, this often leads to a higher complexity and additional costs due to the necessity of external hardware. An alternative approach is to evaluate the already available machine-internal signals of the subordinate drive systems. The process forces act on the load side of the machine axes in the form of disturbance forces and influence the drive-internal signals such as motor current or motor speed. To extract these disturbances, additional superimposed forces (e.g. friction and acceleration forces) and the influence of the feedback control as well as the mechanical system must be considered. Therefore, in the present paper, the application of various observer-based approaches for the estimation of load side disturbances on speed- controlled mechatronic drive systems will be examined. The investigations are performed on a simulation model of a speed-controlled machine axis. After an introduction, three different disturbance observers will be presented. Subsequently, the paper describes the structure of the simulation model including its parameterization based on test rig measurements. Afterwards, the performance of the disturbance observers will be investigated and compared taking selected influencing factors like changing controller and inertia parameters into account. The paper closes with a summary and an outlook.
Real-time estimation method of roll angle based on least squares recursion
Authors: Jingsheng Chen , Chuanjun Li , Peisen Hu
Published: January 2020

The rotary missile stands a high overload during the launch and has to be powered up after launch, so it is necessary to achieve inflight alignment under high dynamic conditions. As a key technology of inflight alignment, the measurement method of roll angle has attracted more and more attention from researchers. The rotational speed of the rotary missile is very high, and most MIMUs cannot directly measure the roll angle. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a roll angle estimation method based on least squares method, analyzes its principle and derives the calculation procedure. Then on this basis, the roll angle estimation method based on least squares recursion is studied. The principle and calculation procedure of this method are deduced in detail. At last, the simulation experiment on MATLAB is carried out. The results show that this method is simple in calculation, high in accuracy and good in real-time performance, and has great application value.
PBL Program Producing Flying Robot in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department
Authors: Hara Susumu , Kuroda Kazuhide , Aoi Yu , Nakagami Koki , Hashizume Koya , Hata Seiichi
Published: January 2020

More and more mechanical and aerospace engineering departments of Universities and Colleges are adopting Project-Based Learning (PBL). One of the main purposes of PBL programs is the practical understanding of the relationship between classroom lectures on traditional theories, e.g., material mechanics, fluid dynamics, dynamics of machinery, and control engineering, and real phenomena of mechanical systems. Moreover, we need to take the use of recent digital manufacturing (e.g., 3D printers, CAD/CAM, and CAE) into account as recent educational content and methods. This paper introduces a novel trial of using PBL at Nagoya University. More specifically, the new program provides students with the experience of producing flying robots and introduces the above relationship and digital manufacturing.
Research on Rapid Assembly Technology of Helicopter Transmissions
Authors: Haiwei Wang , Lulu Li , Sheng Yuan
Published: January 2020

Research and application of rapid assembly technology can widely improve the design efficiency of helicopter transmissions. An assembly model of helicopter transmissions is presented by introducing Geometric Constraint Graph (GCG) method. A hierarchical model is obtained by multi-shrink decomposition. A corresponding data structure is generated according to the hierarchical model. CATIA based a parametric component database is built up. The Assembly modelling software is implemented by using VB. Finally, a helicopter transmissions example is taken as application and the rapid assembly for helicopter transmission system is achieved.
Experimental and modelling aspects of the reactive extrusion process
Authors: Cassagnau Philippe , Bounor-Legaré Véronique , Vergnes Bruno
Published: January 2020

Reactive extrusion consists in using an extruder as a continuous chemical reactor. It is not a recent process, but it has been rapidly developed during the last thirty years and is more and more used today for the chemical modification of existing polymers. Among the various extrusion systems (single screw extruders, counter- and corotating twin-screw extruders, co-kneaders), the corotating twin-screw extruders are today the most widely used in reactive extrusion. After a presentation of the main advantages and drawbacks of the reactive extrusion, we will describe the way to control the process through on-line and in-line monitoring. Then, a modelling approach based on continuum mechanics will be presented, followed by an example of industrial applications of this particular process.
A young patient with type 2 diabetes associated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Michel Maurice , Kalliga Eva , Labenz Christian , Straub Beate K. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M.
Published: January 2020

The rising prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has led to an increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its progressive-inflammatory form called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In recent years, NAFLD and NASH have become major risk factors for developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this case, we report a 46-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic comorbidities including obesity and arterial hypertension, who was referred because of rising liver enzymes. After clinical and diagnostic evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with NASH-associated liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh stage B. A normal blood sugar level was difficult to achieve, and the patient presented with consistently elevated HbA1c-levels irresponsive to insulin therapy. Due to the underlying liver cirrhosis, the patient was enrolled in the HCC-surveillance program. Sonography during follow up showed a focal lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the diagnosis of HCC (BCLC stage A) was confirmed based on typical contrast enhancement and portal-venous wash-out. The patient was evaluated for liver transplantation with a labMELD of 17, and an intermittent therapy with TACE was initiated. Only 2 months after liver transplantation, the patient developed severe and lethal complications. Overall, this case highlights the different medical issues of patients with metabolic syndrome developing a chronic liver disease. In this patient, a rapid progression from NASH-associated liver cirrhosis to HCC was seen, and therefore highlights the importance of close surveillance to identify and treat potential risk factors early in the course of the disease.
Hip Adduction and Abduction Torque-angle Curve Characterization of Speed Skating Athletes
Authors: Menegaldo Luciano Luporini , Aragão Lyon , Matta Thiago , de Oliveira Liliam Fernandes
Published: January 2020

Speed skating is a cyclic sport which involves the hip abductor muscles, impelling the participant forwards, and adductor muscles, in the recovery phase and decelerating the abduction movement eccentrically. This paper has the objective of describing and comparing the abduction/adduction torque-angle curves of speed skating athletes (N=10) with a group of non-practitioners young participants (N=10). Both groups presented similar peak torques and electromyography patterns for tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, long adductor and adductor magnus. However, athletes showed higher torque-angle curve integral and abduction and adduction peak torques at different hip angles than the control group. These findings suggest an adaptation of their musculotendon actuators and a better capacity to generate mechanical work and power during a propulsion-recovery cycle.
Metal-Free Regioselective Alkylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters under Organic Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Jin Can , Sun Bin , Xu Tengwei , Zhang Liang , Zhu Rui , Yang Jin , Xu Min
Published: January 2020

A visible-light-induced direct C–H alkylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been developed. It proceeds at room temperature by employing inexpensive Eosin Y as a photocatalyst and alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters as alkylation reagents. A variety of NHP esters derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids (primary, secondary, and tertiary) were tolerated in this protocol, giving the corresponding C-5-alkylated products in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that a radical decarboxylative coupling pathway was involved in this process.
Symptomatic Postoperative Spinal Epidural Hematoma after Spinal Decompression Surgery: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Functional Outcome
Authors: Hohenberger Christoph , Zeman Florian , Höhne Julius , Ullrich Odo-Winfried , Brawanski Alexander , Schebesch Karl-Michael
Published: January 2020

Objective Postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (pSEH) with symptomatic compression of nervous structures after spinal decompression surgery is a rare complication. Delayed evacuation may result in severe neurologic impairment. We present a large single-center analysis of the prevalence, potential risk factors, and functional recovery after pSEH.

Methods A retrospective review of our institutional database of spinal decompression surgery over 15 years yielded 6,024 consecutive patients. A total of 42 patients who had undergone surgical revision due to postoperative neurologic deterioration or intractable radiating pain and radiographically confirmed pSEH were allocated to the pSEH group. A matched 3:1 control group was formed (126 patients with the same surgical procedure, same year, same sex, and similar age). Charts, surgical reports, and radiographic data were reviewed for demographics, duration of symptoms, history of medical treatment, medication, comorbidities, radiographic extension, surgical strategy, and pre- and postoperative neurologic performance. Median follow-up was 3 months. Risk factors for pSEH, complete recovery, and recovery of neurologic symptoms were analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results The prevalence of pSEH in this population was 0.69% (n = 42) with these locations: 7 of 1,284 (0.54%) cervical, 1 of 774 (0.12%) thoracic, and 34 of 3,966 (0.85%) lumbar. Use of anticoagulants (p = 0.003), pathologic coagulation values in the preoperative blood test (p = 0.034), and cigarette smoking (p = 0.003) were identified as independent risk factors of pSEH. Surgery in more than one level showed a trend toward an increased risk of pSEH. Pain as the only symptom (p = 0.0001) was a significant predictor of complete recovery. Patients symptomatic with paraplegia (p = 0.026) had a significantly higher risk of a poor neurologic outcome without full recovery of neurologic symptoms.

Conclusion The prevalence of pSEH was lower than previously reported incidences. Use of anticoagulants, pathologic coagulation values, and cigarette smoking were identified as independent risk factors of pSEH. Functional outcome was related to the duration between hematoma evacuation and the clinical presentation of symptomatic pSEH.
Impact of Priming on Effectiveness of TMS in Detecting Language-eloquent Brain Areas in Tumor Patients
Authors: Freigang Sascha , Fresnoza Shane , Mahdy Ali Kariem , Zaar Karla , Jehna Margit , Reishofer Gernot , Rammel Katrin , Studencnik Fritz , Ischebeck Anja , von Campe Gord
Published: January 2020

Background and Study Aims Language is characteristically human, and preserving it is critical when resecting tumors in language-eloquent brain areas. Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) has been used in recent years as a noninvasive technique to identify preoperatively the language-eloquent cortical areas in tumor patients. An important objective is to increase the sensitivity and specificity of nrTMS in detecting language-related areas and increase the positive correlation of its results to that of intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS). Although the technical aspects of the procedure have received enormous interest, factors related to the targeted cortical area such as previous cortical history or activity have been neglected. Therefore, the present study explores the impact of previous cortical history or activity on the effectiveness of a subsequent nrTMS mapping paradigm.

Materials and Methods Twelve right-handed patients with a left hemispheric glioma underwent presurgical nrTMS language mapping and intraoperative language mapping with DCS. nrTMS was performed using a continuous theta burst stimulation paradigm to inhibit possible language relevant areas in the vicinity of the tumor, determined anatomically or based on functional magnetic resonance imaging hotspots. The nrTMS was applied in two separate sessions. One of the sessions randomly included a priming paradigm to precondition the targeted cortical areas.

Results Priming stimulation decreased the error detection of the subsequent nrTMS mapping paradigm. This effect was more robust on major types of errors such as speech arrest and hesitation.

Conclusion Prior cortical activity as induced by the priming stimulation has a profound impact on the responsiveness to the nrTMS mapping paradigm. Our findings further showed that metaplasticity, a type of homeostatic plastic process, could be elicited even in cortical areas affected by a growing tumor.
Endoscopic 4-MHz Radiofrequency Treatment of Facet Joint Syndrome Is More Than Just Denervation: One Incision for Three Facets
Authors: Woiciechowsky Christian , Richter Leonie Mercedes
Published: January 2020

Background and Study Aims Low back pain is well documented as an extremely common health problem. The most frequently used treatment is radiofrequency denervation for chronic low back pain. However, different clinical studies could only show a limited to no improvement regarding the decrease of pain intensity and duration of the effect. The main reasons for these limited effects seem to be due to the size of the lesion and difficulties in locating the exact placement of the cannula near the medial branch as well as or additional pathologies. Using an endoscope, it is possible to coagulate the facet joints and the medial branch under visual control and consider other pathologies such as extraspinal synovial cysts.

Patients In this retrospective study, we included 28 patients with low back pain, with a duration > 6 months and a 50% pain reduction on the numeric analog scale (NAS) after a diagnostic block. All patients received endoscopic facet joint denervation of three facets on the left and right side using only one incision on each side with an exploration of the surrounding tissue. Telephone interviews were conducted with all patients. The outcome was determined with Odom's criteria, percentage reduction NAS, subjective assessment of the patient, and duration of the effect.

Results According to Odom's criteria, 68% of the patients showed “acceptable” to “excellent” results and confirmed that denervation helped them manage their daily lives better. The average pain reduction in the responder group was 47% with an average duration of 7.8 months.

Conclusion In this retrospective study, we demonstrated the practicability and effectiveness of the endoscopic facet joint denervation procedure in the treatment of chronic low back pain using only one incision for three facets. Further studies should investigate if this procedure is more effective than percutaneous radiofrequency denervation.
Skull Base Reconstruction Using a Temporoparietal Galeal Flap in Simultaneous Transnasal and Transcranial Surgery for the Prevention of Carotid Blowout Syndrome: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Iwami Kenichiro , Fujii Masazumi , Jinguji Shinya , Kishida Yugo , Watanabe Tadashi , Oosuka Koji , Saito Kiyoshi
Published: January 2020

Background Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a rare complication that usually occurs after removal of head and neck tumors. Since transnasal skull base surgery allows a wide exposure of the ventral skull base, neurosurgeons should pay attention to prevent this devastating complication. We present, three cases involving exposure of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the skull base during the simultaneous transnasal and transcranial approach.

Case Description The first patient was a 69-year-old man with a recurrent chordoma. The exposed ICA was covered by an abdominal fat graft and nasoseptal flap, but he experienced CBS 2 months later and died. The second patient was a 66-year-old man with an intraosseous cavernous angioma of the petrous bone. The exposed ICA was covered by a temporoparietal galeal flap (TPGF), abdominal fat graft, and nasoseptal flap. The third patient was a 73-year-old man with skull base radiation necrosis and intracerebral abscess after proton beam therapy for orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma. The exposed ICA was covered by TPGF. The second and third patients' postoperative courses were uneventful.

Conclusion Based on our experience, a nasoseptal flap alone may be insufficient to protect ICA. TPGF is therefore another available reconstruction option that may help prevent CBS.
Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Staab Jeffrey P.
Published: January 2020

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) was defined for the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders in 2017. It is a chronic vestibular disorder that manifests with waxing and waning symptoms of dizziness, unsteadiness, or nonspinning vertigo that last for 3 months or more and are exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive motion of self, and exposure to environments with complex or moving visual stimuli. Triggers of PPPD include a wide variety of conditions that may cause vestibular symptoms or disrupt balance functioning, including neuro-otologic and other medical conditions and psychological distress. The diagnosis is made by identifying key symptoms in patients' histories and conducting physical examinations and diagnostic testing of sufficient detail to establish PPPD as opposed to other illnesses. Ongoing research is providing insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PPPD and support for multimodality treatment plans incorporating specially adapted vestibular rehabilitation, serotonergic medications, and cognitive-behavior therapy.