bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo transcriptome assembly from the nodal root growth zone of hydrated and water-deficit stressed maize inbred line FR697
Authors: Sen Sidharth , King Shannon K. , McCubbin Tyler , Greeley Laura A. , Mertz Rachel A. , Becker Cheyenne , Niehues Nicole , Zeng Shuai , Stemmle Jonathan T. , Peck Scott C. , Oliver Melvin J. , Fritschi Felix B. , Braun David M. , Sharp Robert E. , Joshi Trupti
Published: February 2023

Certain cultivars of maize show increased tolerance to water deficit conditions by maintenance of root growth. To better understand the molecular mechanisms related to this adaptation, nodal root growth zone samples were collected from the reference inbred line B73 and inbred line FR697, which exhibits a relatively greater ability to maintain root elongation under water deficits. Plants were grown under various water stress levels in both field and controlled environment settings. FR697-specific RNA-Seq datasets were generated and used for a de novo transcriptome assembly to characterize any genotype-specific genetic features. The assembly was aided by an Iso-Seq library of transcripts generated from various FR697 plant tissue samples. The Necklace pipeline was used to combine a Trinity de novo assembly along with a reference guided assembly and the Viridiplantae proteome to generate an annotated consensus “SuperTranscriptome” assembly of 47,915 transcripts with a N50 of 3152 bp in length. The results were compared by Blastn to maize reference genes, a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) genome completeness report and compared with three maize reference genomes. The resultant ‘SuperTranscriptome’ was demonstrated to be of high-quality and will serve as an important reference for analysis of the maize nodal root transcriptomic response to environmental perturbations.
Consolidation of metabolomic, proteomic, and GWAS data in connective model of schizophrenia
Authors: Kopylov Arthur T. , Stepanov Alexander A. , Butkova Tatiana V. , Malsagova Kristina A. , Zakharova Natalia V. , Kostyuk Georgy P. , Elmuratov Artem U. , Kaysheva Anna L.
Published: February 2023

Despite of multiple systematic studies of schizophrenia based on proteomics, metabolomics, and genome-wide significant loci, reconstruction of underlying mechanism is still a challenging task. Combination of the advanced data for quantitative proteomics, metabolomics, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) can enhance the current fundamental knowledge about molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we utilized quantitative proteomic and metabolomic assay, and high throughput genotyping for the GWAS study. We identified 20 differently expressed proteins that were validated on an independent cohort of patients with schizophrenia, including ALS, A1AG1, PEDF, VTDB, CERU, APOB, APOH, FASN, GPX3, etc. and almost half of them are new for schizophrenia. The metabolomic survey revealed 18 group-specific compounds, most of which were the part of transformation of tyrosine and steroids with the prevalence to androgens (androsterone sulfate, thyroliberin, thyroxine, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, cholesterol sulfate, metanephrine, dopaquinone, etc.). The GWAS assay mostly failed to reveal significantly associated loci therefore 52 loci with the smoothened p < 10−5 were fractionally integrated into proteome-metabolome data. We integrated three omics layers and powered them by the quantitative analysis to propose a map of molecular events associated with schizophrenia psychopathology. The resulting interplay between different molecular layers emphasizes a strict implication of lipids transport, oxidative stress, imbalance in steroidogenesis and associated impartments of thyroid hormones as key interconnected nodes essential for understanding of how the regulation of distinct metabolic axis is achieved and what happens in the conditioned proteome and metabolome to produce a schizophrenia-specific pattern.
Comparative proteome analysis of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during growth on sucrose and glucose
Authors: Soares Rodrigues Carla Inês , den Ridder Maxime , Pabst Martin , Gombert Andreas K. , Wahl Sebastian Aljoscha
Published: February 2023

Both the identity and the amount of a carbon source present in laboratory or industrial cultivation media have major impacts on the growth and physiology of a microbial species. In the case of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sucrose is arguably the most important sugar used in industrial biotechnology, whereas glucose is the most common carbon and energy source used in research, with many well-known and described regulatory effects, e.g. glucose repression. Here we compared the label-free proteomes of exponentially growing S. cerevisiae cells in a defined medium containing either sucrose or glucose as the sole carbon source. For this purpose, bioreactor cultivations were employed, and three different strains were investigated, namely: CEN.PK113-7D (a common laboratory strain), UFMG-CM-Y259 (a wild isolate), and JP1 (an industrial bioethanol strain). These strains present different physiologies during growth on sucrose; some of them reach higher specific growth rates on this carbon source, when compared to growth on glucose, whereas others display the opposite behavior. It was not possible to identify proteins that commonly presented either higher or lower levels during growth on sucrose, when compared to growth on glucose, considering the three strains investigated here, except for one protein, named Mnp1—a mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit, which had higher levels on sucrose than on glucose, for all three strains. Interestingly, following a Gene Ontology overrepresentation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, an inverse pattern of enriched biological functions and pathways was observed for the strains CEN.PK113-7D and UFMG-CM-Y259, which is in line with the fact that whereas the CEN.PK113-7D strain grows faster on glucose than on sucrose, the opposite is observed for the UFMG-CM-Y259 strain.
Differential gene expression analysis using RNA-seq in the blood of goats exposed to transportation stress
Authors: Naldurtiker Aditya , Batchu Phaneendra , Kouakou Brou , Terrill Thomas H. , McCommon George W. , Kannan Govind
Published: February 2023

Transportation stress causes significant changes in physiological responses in goats; however, studies exploring the transcriptome of stress are very limited. The objective of this study was to determine the differential gene expressions and related pathways in the blood samples using RNA-seq procedure in Spanish goats subjected to different durations of transportation stress. Fifty-four male Spanish goats (8-mo old; BW = 29.7 ± 2.03 kg) were randomly subjected to one of three treatments (TRT; n = 18 goats/treatment): (1) transported for 180 min, (2) transported for 30 min, or (3) held in pens (control). Blood samples were collected before and after treatment for stress hormone, metabolite, and transcriptomic analysis. RNA-seq technology was used to obtain the transcriptome profiles of blood. Analysis of physiological data using SAS showed that plasma cortisol concentrations were higher(P < 0.01) in 180 min and 30 min groups compared to the control group. Enrichment analysis of DEGs related to transportation stress through Gene Ontology and KEGG databases revealed that the differentially expressed genes related to inflammatory pathways, caspases, and apoptosis such asIL1R2, CASP14, CD14, TLR4, andMAPK14were highly enriched in the transported group of goats compared to non-transported goats. Stress in goats leads to a sequence of events at cellular and molecular levels that causes inflammation and apoptosis.
Estimation of dye concentration by using Kubelka–Munk and Allen–Goldfinger reflective models: comparing the performance
Authors: Safi Mahdi , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein
Published: February 2023

If the relationship between the reflectance function (K/S) and dye concentration (C) is known, the color of the dyed textile (R∞) and C could be predicted from each other. In the present work, the concentration value estimated from the reflectance data using two reflective models, i.e. the Kubelka–Munk and the Allen–Goldfinger is compared. First, the Allen–Goldfinger model was run by using the absorption coefficient of dyes in fiber, i.e. the unit k/s values instead of that in the solution. The results showed that the replacement of the unit k/s for the Beer–Lambert absorption coefficient in the Allen–Goldfinger model causes lower error in the prediction of the spectral reflectance factor as well as the dye concentration. However, this model did not lead to better results. Then, an inverse form was used to estimate the concentration of dyes from the corresponding spectral reflectance. Consequently, it was observed that the Kubelka–Munk model is still a more reliable method while benefiting from more simplicity than the Allen–Goldfinger model. The analysis of errors showed that the results deeply depend on different factors such as the applied concentration range as well as the dye spectral adsorption behavior.
Ferroptosis-associated lncRNA prognostic signature predicts prognosis and immune response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lai Jiayi , Miao Shiqi , Ran Longke
Published: February 2023

Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC), the most deadly and life-threatening tumor in the urinary system, has a dismal prognosis and a high risk of metastasizing. Regulation of ferroptosis is a prospective therapeutic target to eradicate malignant cells. Our objective was to seek ferroptosis-associated long non-coding RNAs (FALs) and developed a prediction signature for ccRCC. We extracted transcriptome data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Ferroptosis-associated genes (FAGs) were obtained from FerrDb database. A ferroptosis-associated lncRNA prognostic signature (FLPS) of ccRCC was generated utilizing univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression, sequentially, based on 8 lncRNAs (LINC00460, AC124854.1, AC084876.1, IGFL2-AS1, LINC00551, AC083967.1, AC073487.1, and LINC02446). The signature's independent predictive value for ccRCC was demonstrated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis (P < 0.05). Subsequently, by combining independent predictive factors, a prognostic nomogram was established. Immunity analysis proclaimed a striking difference in terms of cells, function, checkpoints, and ESTIMATE scores between low- and high-risk groups. Overall, the innovative signature of ferroptosis-associated signatures may have a considerable effect on the immune response and prognosis for ccRCC.
Afforesting arid land with renewable electricity and desalination to mitigate climate change
Authors: Caldera Upeksha , Breyer Christian
Published: February 2023

Afforestation is one of the most practised carbon dioxide removal methods but is constrained by the availability of suitable land and sufficient water resources. In this research, existing concepts of low-cost renewable electricity (RE) and seawater desalination are built upon to identify the global CO2 sequestration potential if RE-powered desalination plants were used to irrigate forests on arid land over the period 2030–2100. Results indicate a cumulative CO2 sequestration potential of 730 GtCO2 during the period. Global average cost is estimated to be €457 per tCO2 in 2030 but decrease to €100 per tCO2 by 2100, driven by the decreasing cost of RE and increasing CO2 sequestration rates of the forests. Regions closer to the coast with abundant solar resources and cooler climate experience the least costs, with costs as low as €50 per tCO2 by 2070. The results suggest a key role for afforestation projects irrigated with RE-based desalination within the climate change mitigation portfolio, which is currently based on bioenergy carbon capture and storage, and direct air carbon capture and storage plants.
Ocean warming and acidification affect the transitional C:N:P ratio and macromolecular accumulation in the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo
Authors: Thangaraj Satheeswaran , Sun Jun
Published: February 2023

Despite an increase in ocean warming and acidification that is expected to increase the number of harmful algal species worldwide, the population of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo has been reported to be reduced. However, how this species physically and metabolically modifies transitional C:N:P ratio and macromolecule accumulation is unknown. Considering 1st, 10th, and 20th culture generations under present (low-temperature; low-carbon-dioxide [LTLC] 21 °C; pCO2 400 ppm) and future (high-temperature; high-carbon-dioxide [HTHC] 25 °C; pCO2 1000 ppm) ocean conditions, we examined transitional C:N:P ratio and macromolecule level changes and performed transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that compared to 1st generation cells, 20th generation cells under HTHC conditions showed a large decrease in carbon quota (QC: 34%), nitrogen quota (QN: 36%), and phosphorus quota (QP: 32%), which were reflected in an overall reduction in DNA and RNA quantity. Decreased activation of photosynthetic, carbon fixation and lipid metabolic pathways coincided with changes in photosynthetic efficiency, carbon concentration, and lipid accumulation after long-term (20th generation) exposure to HTHC conditions. We observed that these variations in internal metabolic pathways were caused by external changes in temperature, which activated the (Ca+) signaling pathway, and external changes in pCO2, which altered proton exchange pathways. Our results suggest that H. akashiwo in a temperate environment will undergo profound changes in C:N:P ratio and macromolecular properties, leading to programmed cell death, in the future.
Coupling homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for enhancement of HCOOH electrooxidation via the dehydrogenation pathway
Authors: Li Yan , Li Rui , Liu Bin Hong , Li Zhou Peng
Published: February 2023

The homogeneous/heterogeneous catalyst combination of VO2+/Pd protects Pd from CO-poisoning against HCOOH dehydration, controlling HCOOH electrooxidation processing via the dehydrogenation pathway, presenting commercially-favourable performance.
Chiral superstructure of aragonite similar to Turritella terebra shell induced by CTAB's adsorption chirality
Authors: Yang Xin , Liu Xun , Yao Fujun , Chen Lingyuan , Hu Wenyuan , Li Jiawen , Kang Zheng , Duan Xiaohui , Pei Chonghua
Published: February 2023

Using CTAB's adsorption chirality, a twisted dumbbell-like chiral superstructure of aragonite is prepared, which is similar to Turritella terebra shell.
P–n junctions in planar GaAs nanowires
Authors: Borodin Bogdan R. , Alekseev Prokhor A. , Khayrudinov Vladislav , Ubyivovk Evgeniy , Berdnikov Yury , Sibirev Nickolay , Lipsanen Harri
Published: February 2023

Experimental characterization, analytical growth models, and numerical simulations are combined to define strategies for tailoring doping inside planar GaAs nanowires.
Local structure regulation and spectroscopy study of blue cubic zirconia
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Liu Xinxin , Pan Shaokui , Zhou Qishen , Shu Jun
Published: February 2023

We investigated the high-temperature stability of blue cubic zirconia with different raw material ratios. Cubic zirconia with more stabilizers establishes more oxygen vacancies after heating.
Tuning the optical properties of the metal–organic framework UiO-66 via ligand functionalization
Authors: Treger Marvin , Hannebauer Adrian , Schaate Andreas , Budde Jan L. , Behrens Peter , Schneider Andreas M.
Published: February 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a modular construction. By varying the functional groups on the linker unit, the refractive index n of UiO-66 MOFs can be tuned over a wide range, as high-level band structure calculations show.
Elucidating the complete oxidation mechanism of betanidin in an aqueous solution
Authors: Gavilán-Arriazu Edgardo Maximiliano , Rodriguez Sergio A.
Published: February 2023

The oxidation mechanism of the antioxidant betanidin is studied in depth combining experimental data, DFT calculations, and voltammetry simulations.
Factors controlling the structure of alkylzinc amidinates: on the role ofN-substituents
Authors: Terlecki Michał , Justyniak Iwona , Leszczyński Michał K. , Bernatowicz Piotr , Lewiński Janusz
Published: February 2023

Systematic studies of model alkylzinc amidinates with a tunable secondary coordination sphere enable a more in-depth understanding of the factors controlling their structure and stability.
Hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to phenol using endogenous hydrogen induced by chemo-splitting of water over a versatile nano-porous Ni catalyst
Authors: Ren Xiaohong , Sun Zhuohua , Lu Jiqing , Cheng Jinling , Zhou Panwang , Yu Xiaoqiang , Rong Zeming , Li Changzhi
Published: February 2023

In this work, an innovative route for upgrading biomass-derived phenolic monomers by “hydrogen-free” hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was proposed and evaluated.
Unravelling the role of individual components in pBAE/polynucleotide polyplexes in the synthesis of tailored carriers for specific applications: on the road to rational formulations
Authors: Navalón-López María , Dols-Perez Aurora , Grijalvo Santiago , Fornaguera Cristina , Borrós Salvador
Published: February 2023

Our study of pBAE polyplexes unveil their insight distribution and peptide-dependent properties. This analysis makes the gap from bench to bedside closer due to the possibility to select the most appropriate oligopeptide combination depending on the application.
Dual fluorescent hollow silica nanofibers for in situ pH monitoring using an optical fiber
Authors: Zhou Junhu , Ren Yundong , Nie Yuan , Jin Congran , Park Jiyoon , Zhang John X. J.
Published: February 2023

This study reports a sensitive and robust pH sensor based on dual fluorescent doped hollow silica nanofibers (hSNFs) for in situ and real-time pH monitoring.
In vitro transfection efficiencies of T-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with identical and nonidentical tails under high serum conditions
Authors: Thongbamrer Chopaka , Teerakantrakorn Purichaya , Nongpong Ussanee , Apiratikul Nuttapon , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Kunkeaw Nawapol , Nguitragool Wang , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Yingyongnarongkul Boon-ek
Published: February 2023

T-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with nonidentical chains showed excellent transfection efficiency compared to the commercially available transfection agent, Lipofectamine 3000.
Ultrahigh energy-storage density of a lead-free 0.85Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.15Ca(Nb0.5Al0.5)O3 ceramic under low electric fields
Authors: Fan Jiangtao , He Gang , Cao Zhenzhu , Cao Yongfan , Long Zhen , Hu Zhanggui
Published: February 2023

Ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 4.41 J cm−3) and efficiency (η = 88%) at low electric field (210 kV cm−1), over wide frequency (10–100 Hz) and temperature (20–200 °C) were achieved simultaneously for 0.85Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.15Ca(Nb0.5Al0.5)O3 ceramics.
Novel electro-fluorescent materials with hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) excited state for highly efficient non-doped pure blue OLEDs
Authors: Sun Mizhen , Zhang Mingming , Zhou Yannan , Xie Mingliang , Chu Lizhi , Wang Xin , Sun Qikun , Liu Fengjia , Yang Wenjun , Xue Shanfeng
Published: February 2023

Two molecules with HLCT characteristics were synthesized through fine-tuning the substituent on PPI based on the PPI–TAZ skeleton, and the non-doped device based on PPITZCN achieved higher efficiency with an EQEmax of 7.5% and CIE of (0.16, 0.10).
Modeling of Sandia Flame D with the non-adiabatic chemistry tabulation approach: the effects of different laminar flames on NOX prediction
Authors: Yue Chuanfeng , Wang Jingbo , Li Xiangyuan
Published: February 2023

Two 4D non-adiabatic flamelet libraries are generated. The simulation results show a dependence on the type of flamelet, and the steady unstretched premixed flame gives great agreement on the predictions of temperature and NO field.
Facile dione protection to benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b’]dithiophene-4,5-dione (BDTD) in triggering ultraviolet emission – A new member of the emissive 3,3′-bridged dithiophenes
Authors: Li Chengpeng , Kiefel Milton J.
Published: February 2023

We report the solid-state emissive properties and X-ray crystallographic analysis of some 3,3′-fused dithiophene derivatives.
A robust and efficient lipase based nanobiocatalyst for phenothiazinyl-ethanol resolution
Authors: Spelmezan Cristina-Georgiana , Katona Gabriel , Bencze László Csaba , Paizs Csaba , Toşa Monica Ioana
Published: February 2023

A new robust, active and selective biocatalyst, prepared by CaL-B entrapment into polyvinyl alcohol–chitosan nanofibers, proved to be efficient for the EKR of nine racemic phenothiazinyl-ethanols, important chiral building blocks.
Isolation of C1 through C4 derivatives from CO using heteroleptic uranium(iii) metallocene aryloxide complexes
Authors: Ward Robert J. , Rosal Iker del , Kelley Steven P. , Maron Laurent , Walensky Justin R.
Published: February 2023

Functionalization of CO from C1 to C4 is acheived using a heteroleptic uranium(iii) complex.
The lattice strain dominated catalytic activity in single-metal nanosheets
Authors: Wang Meng , Sun Qintao , Fan Zhenglong , Zhu Wenxiang , Liao Fan , Wu Jie , Zhou Yunjie , Yang Hao , Huang Hui , Ma Mengjie , Cheng Tao , Shao Qi , Shao Mingwang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: February 2023

Porous flexible iridium nanosheets (Ir-PFNSs) with compressive strain were obtained by annealing 3R phase iridium oxide (3R-IrO2) in a hydrogen atmosphere, which can exhibit excellent acid HER activity by a new three-hydrogen-involved mechanism.
Chemical vapor deposition towards atomically dispersed iron catalysts for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Tian Jiachen , Zhu Youqi , Yao Xiuyun , Yang Lifen , Du Changliang , Lv Zhao , Hou Minchen , Zhang Shaolong , Ma Xilan , Cao Chuanbao
Published: February 2023

The Fe-SA/NC is prepared by a simple one-pot CVD pyrolysis method. This formed single-atom dispersed Fe–N4structure benefits from the spatial confinement of ZIF-8, realizing excellent oxygen reduction performance and device applications..
An immobilization-free electrochemical aptamer-based assay for zearalenone based on target-triggered dissociation of DNA from polydopamine nanospheres with strand displacement amplification
Authors: Zhu Xi , Yang Caiping , Quan Wanqian , Yang Guidi , Guo Longhua , Xu Huifeng
Published: February 2023

The detection principle of the electrochemical sensing platform for the monitor of ZEN.
Ambient temperature liquid salt electrolytes
Authors: Bhowmick Sourav , Ahmed Mukhtiar , Filippov Andrei , Loaiza Laura C. , Shah Faiz Ullah , Johansson Patrik
Published: February 2023

Solvent-free liquids created by combining small alkali cations, Li+/Na+/K+, with organic anions open new pathways for electrolyte design.
Synergistic promotion of Ag nanoparticles supported on magnetic Cu based metal organic framework for A3-coupling and synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidines
Authors: Sharma Sukanya , Sharma Shally , Sharma Nitika , Sharma Vrinda , Paul Satya
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of a magnetic CuBTC supported Ag catalyst and its catalytic activity for A3-coupling reaction and synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidines.
Sonochemistry of molten metals
Authors: Kumar Vijay Bhooshan , Gedanken Aharon , Porat Ze'ev
Published: February 2023

Ultrasonic irradiation of molten metals in liquid media causes dispersion of the metals into suspensions of micro- and nanoparticles that can be separated.
Base-promoted cyclization ofortho-hydroxyacetophenones within situgenerated cyclopropenes: diastereoselective access to spirobenzo[b]oxepines and related precursors
Authors: Prakash Meher , Samanta Sampak
Published: February 2023

Excellent diastereoselective access to spirobenzo[b]oxepinesviaa [5 + 2] spirocyclization reaction ofortho-hydroxyacetophenones and 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates triggered by Cs2CO3was developed.
Synthesis of warfarin analogs: conjugate addition reactions of alkenyl-substituted N-heterocycles with 4-hydroxycoumarin and related substrates
Authors: Goka Benjamin , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: February 2023

We have developed a procedure for the Michael addition of 4-hydroxycoumarins to vinyl-substituted N-heterocycles.
Assessment and Therapy Goal Planning Using Free Computerized Language Analysis Software
Authors: Ratner Nan Bernstein , MacWhinney Brian
Published: February 2023

Background:

We discuss a free software system (Computerized Language Analysis [CLAN]) that can enable fast, thorough, and informative language sample analysis (LSA).

Method:

We describe methods for eliciting, transcribing, analyzing, and interpreting language samples. Using a hypothetical child speaker, we illustrate use KidEval to generate a diagnostic report.

Results:

Given LSA results suggestive of expressive language delay, we analyze further using CLAN's Developmental Sentence Score and Index of Productive Syntax routines, and outline the child's use of Brown's morphemes.

Discussion:

This tutorial provides an introduction to the use of free CLAN software. We discuss how LSA results can be used to structure therapy goals that address specific aspects of grammatical structure that the child may not yet demonstrate in their spoken language. Finally, we provide answers to common questions, including user support.
Self‐training maximum classifier discrepancy for EEG emotion recognition
Authors: Zhang Xu , Huang Dengbing , Li Hanyu , Zhang Youjia , Xia Ying , Liu Jinzhuo
Published: February 2023

Even with an unprecedented breakthrough of deep learning in electroencephalography (EEG), collecting adequate labelled samples is a critical problem due to laborious and time‐consuming labelling. Recent study proposed to solve the limited label problem via domain adaptation methods. However, they mainly focus on reducing domain discrepancy without considering task‐specific decision boundaries, which may lead to feature distribution overmatching and therefore make it hard to match within a large domain gap completely. A novel self‐training maximum classifier discrepancy method for EEG classification is proposed in this study. The proposed approach detects samples from a new subject beyond the support of the existing source subjects by maximising the discrepancies between two classifiers' outputs. Besides, a self‐training method that uses unlabelled test data to fully use knowledge from the new subject and further reduce the domain gap is proposed. Finally, a 3D Cube that incorporates the spatial and frequency information of the EEG data to create input features of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is constructed. Extensive experiments on SEED and SEED‐IV are conducted. The experimental evaluations exhibit that the proposed method can effectively deal with domain transfer problems and achieve better performance.
A quantum‐like approach for text generation from knowledge graphs
Authors: Zhu Jia , Ma Xiaodong , Lin Zhihao , De Meo Pasquale
Published: February 2023

Recent text generation methods frequently learn node representations from graph‐based data via global or local aggregation, such as knowledge graphs. Since all nodes are connected directly, node global representation encoding enables direct communication between two distant nodes while disregarding graph topology. Node local representation encoding, which captures the graph structure, considers the connections between nearby nodes but misses out onlong‐range relations. A quantum‐like approach to learning better‐contextualised node embeddings is proposed using a fusion model that combines both encoding strategies. Our methods significantly improve on two graph‐to‐text datasets compared to state‐of‐the‐art models in various experiments.
Charge transport mechanism of cross‐linked polyethylene/silicone rubber composite insulation by energy band theory
Authors: Wang Yani , Ren Pinshun , Wang Yalin , Zhang Shuai , Yang Xingwu
Published: February 2023

The composite insulation composed of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) and silicone rubber (SiR) is common in high voltage direct current cable accessory installation. However, the space charge accumulation, especially the interfacial charge accumulation of XLPE/SiR, poses a serious threat to the safe operation of cable accessories, and its charge transport mechanism is still unclear, especially at the micro‐scale. In order to investigate the charge transport mechanism of XLPE/SiR, simultaneous measurement of space charge and relaxation current is performed on XLPE/SiR at various electric fields with different polarities, and the electronic energy levels of XLPE and SiR are determined by quantum chemical calculation (QCC). The results of QCC show that both the hole traps and the electron traps in XLPE are mainly shallow traps. As for SiR, the hole traps are shallow traps, while the electron traps are deep traps. The results of simultaneous measurement show that the interfacial charge accumulation and the composite conductivity of XLPE/SiR are significantly different under different polarities, that is, there is an obvious polarity effect. Based on the results of QCC, the electronic energy levels of XLPE/SiR system are constructed considering the interface between XLPE and SiR, as well as the interfaces between the materials and the electrodes. On this basis, the charge transport mechanism of XLPE/SiR is discussed in detail, and the polarity effect is well explained, which is believed to be related to the differences in the charge injection barrier and the interfacial barrier under different polarities, as well as the electron/hole traps in XLPE and SiR.
Rule‐constrained reinforcement learning control for autonomous vehicle left turn at unsignalized intersection
Authors: Cai Yingfeng , Zhou Rong , Wang Hai , Sun Xiaoqiang , Chen Long , Li Yicheng , Liu Qingchao , He Youguo
Published: February 2023

Controlling an autonomous vehicle's unprotected left turn at an intersection is a challenging task. Traditional rule‐based autonomous driving decision and control algorithms struggle to construct accurate and trustworthy mathematical models for such circumstances, owing to their considerable uncertainty and unpredictability. To overcome this problem, a rule‐constrained reinforcement learning (RCRL) control method is proposed in this work for autonomous driving. To train a reinforcement learning controller with rule constraints, outcomes of the path planning module are used as a goal condition in the reinforcement learning framework. Since they include vehicle dynamics, the proposed approach is safer and more reliable compared to end‐to‐end learning, thereby ensuring that the generated trajectories are locally optimal while adjusting to unpredictable situations. In the experiments, a highly randomized two‐way four‐lane intersection is established based on the CARLA simulator to verify the effectiveness of the proposed RCRL control method. Accordingly, the results show that the proposed method can provide real‐time safe planning and ensure high passing efficiency for autonomous vehicles in the unprotected left turn task.
Algorithms and radiation dynamics for the vicinity of black holes
Authors: Koutsantoniou Leela Elpida
Published: February 2023

We present the results of our studies on accretion disks in the proximity of astrophysical black holes. These disks can be of varying degrees of opacity, geometrical shapes, sizes, and volumes. The central compact object is a Schwarzschild or a Kerr black hole of various spin parameters. We describe the environment and the physics of the systems under examination and the disk models considered. We first investigate the effects of the spacetime rotation on photon trajectories. We then examine the radiation forces recorded at various points of the arrangement inside and outside the disk material, and in the inner, outer, and off-equatorial material orbits. We document and explore the radiation effects, which are revealed to be significant and positively consequential. Afterward, we inspect the possible imaging outcome of various types of black hole and accretion disk configurations, and we show our results for plots that could be used to estimate the central black hole spin in a system. Finally, we show results regarding the disk material orbit degradation due to its thermal radiation.
Trojan Horse Method: A general introduction
Authors: Romano Stefano ,   for the ASFIN collaboration
Published: February 2023

Owing the presence of the Coulomb barrier at astrophysically relevant kinetic energies, it is very difficult, or sometimes impossible to measure astrophysical reaction cross sections in laboratories, especially for the presence of the electron screening effect. This is why different indirect techniques are being used along with direct measurements. The Trojan Horse Method (THM)is a unique indirect technique allowing one to measure astrophysical rearrangement reactions down to astrophysical relevant energies. The basic principle and a review of the main applications of the THM are presented.
Conduite à tenir face à un fortuitome surrénalien chez le chien ou le chat
Authors: Pichard Diane , Benckekroun Ghita
Published: February 2023

Dans la littérature scientifique, un fortuitome surrénalien est une masse surrénalienne de découverte fortuite au cours d’un examen d’imagerie réalisé chez un animal asymptomatique ou pour l’exploration d’une autre condition clinique, et sans suspicion clinique de maladie endocrinienne sous-jacente. La détection d’un fortuitome surrénalien induit alors une complexité décisionnelle pour le clinicien. Parce que la patientèle vétérinaire s’avère de plus en plus vieillissante et que les techniques d’imagerie s’améliorent considérablement, la question de la conduite à tenir face à un fortuitome surrénalien devient récurrente. L’évaluation diagnostique, dans un premier temps, doit s’attacher à confirmer la présence de la masse surrénalienne, son caractère sécrétant ou non, malin ou bénin, et la présence d’éventuelles métastases ou d’un envahissement local. Lorsqu’un caractère sécrétant est mis en évidence, la masse perd l’appellation de fortuitome. Il convient ensuite de déterminer précisément les facteurs pouvant orienter la prise en charge vers une approche chirurgicale ou conservatrice. Malgré des taux de complications importants, notamment dans la période postopératoire à court terme des surrénalectomies, les études récentes rapportent des taux de survie satisfaisants lors d’exérèse de tumeurs de petite taille et des possibilités thérapeutiques lors d’envahissement tumoral de la veine cave par cavotomie.
Best Practice Contraception Care for Women with Obesity: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: McNamee Kathleen , Edelman Alison , Li Raymond Hang Wun , Kaur Simranvir , Bateson Deborah
Published: February 2023

The prevalence of obesity among females of reproductive age is increasing globally. Access to the complete range of appropriate contraceptive options is essential for upholding the reproductive rights of this population group. People with obesity can experience stigma and discrimination when seeking healthcare, and despite limited evidence for provider bias in the context of contraception, awareness for its potential at an individual provider and health systems level is essential. While use of some hormonal contraceptives may be restricted due to increased health risks in people with obesity, some methods provide noncontraceptive benefits including a reduced risk of endometrial cancer and a reduction in heavy menstrual bleeding which are more prevalent among individuals with obesity. In addition to examining systems-based approaches which facilitate the provision of inclusive contraceptive care, including long-acting reversible contraceptives which require procedural considerations, this article reviews current evidence on method-specific advantages and disadvantages for people with obesity to guide practice and policy.
Exile and repetition: One hundred years of women’s reproduction in Ireland, 1922-2022
Authors: Watson Eve
Published: February 2023

This article discusses reproductive history and recent developments in reproductive rights and freedoms in Ireland.
Acoustic emission detection of micro-cracks under high pressure and high temperature in a deformation large-volume apparatus at the endstation P61B, PETRA III
Authors: Ma Shuailing , Gasc Julien , Farla Robert
Published: February 2023

We successfully developed an in situ acoustic emission (AE) detection setup that allows recording of AE waveforms (triggered and streaming) and simultaneous x-ray diffraction and imaging on samples deformed at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions in the Aster-15 Large Volume Press at the synchrotron beamline station P61B. This high pressure AE detection system is a powerful tool to investigate AE phenomena from the HPHT chamber. Six commercial acoustic sensors, protected by a tungsten carbide support ring on each anvil of the same material, have excellent survivability throughout each successive experiment. By pulsing each sensor in succession, the average wave velocity through the anvils and cell assembly can be determined at any press load. The distance between the sensors is obtained by x-ray radiography and by logging the positions of each hydraulic ram. This provides a basis for accurately locating AE events in the sample. The feasibility of this AE detection setup was confirmed by compression and deformation test runs using several different self-designed AE sources in specialized assemblies. The present setup proves to be extremely efficient and accurate in measuring brittle processes in samples under HPHT. It is now available for applications for beam time and experiments without x rays at P61B. Combined with synchrotron x rays, in situ pressure, temperature, strain rate and stress, and phase changes can be monitored while recording AE activity. We provide a powerful tool to investigate the origin of earthquakes, for example, causing AE emissions due to brittle dehydration reactions or phase transformations in the Earth.
Study of irregular electron beam correcting permanent-magnet-quadrupole doublet lens for irradiation accelerator
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Sheng Keyan , Zou Jiabao , Chen Taiyan , Huang Jiang
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a permanent-magnet-quadrupole doublet lens with strong-focusing is designed and manufactured. Such an instrument could solve the problem of irregular beam spots produced by the weak focusing of conventional solenoid-focusing systems in low-energy electron irradiation accelerators. It could provide a better and more appropriate initial beam spot before the beam enters the subsequent magnetic spreading system or magnetic scanning system, thus, improving the irradiation uniformity. The association of the parameters of the rectangular permanent magnet with the quadrupole magnetic field is investigated. Focusing results, obtained using irregular beam spots with different profiles and different energies, and magnetic field measurement results, both from the instrument, verify the engineering feasibility of this permanent-magnet-quadrupole doublet lens.
Amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide memristor arrays for parallel true random number generators
Authors: Mao Huiwu , Zhu Yixin , Zhu Ying , Peng Baocheng , Chen Chunsheng , Zhu Li , Ke Shuo , Wang Xiangjing , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing
Published: February 2023

True random number generators (TRNGs) can generate unpredictable binary bitstream by exploiting the intrinsic stochasticity in physical variables. In a threshold switching memristor, the stochastic forming/rupture of conducting pathway has been proved to be a good random source, while further improvement of high randomness and throughput is still a challenge. Here, a crossbar array of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (a-IGZO)-based threshold switching memristors was designed for high-throughput TRNGs. The intrinsic stochasticity of Ag conductive filament in IGZO memristor and the stochastic sneak paths in the crossbar array are the two sources of randomness in our TRNGs. In our design, one input pulse train can produce multi-channel random bits, which enables a high scalability for such TRNGs. In addition, the average energy consumption of the TRNGs can be further reduced by increasing the integration scale of the memristors. Such IGZO-based TRNGs are of great significance for security applications.
Superconducting FeSe membrane synthesized by etching of water-soluble Sr3Al2O6 layer
Authors: Shiogai Junichi , Tsukazaki Atsushi
Published: February 2023

The development of the epitaxial lift-off technique using a pseudoperovskite Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer has unleashed latent physical properties emerging in freestanding membranes, mainly composed of lattice-matched perovskite-type complex oxides. Here, we report the superconductivity in a freestanding single-crystalline FeSe membrane prepared using a SrTiO3 capped water-soluble Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer, which serves as an ex situ growth template. The FeSe membrane is synthesized by etching the sacrificial layer and transferred on a SiO2/Si substrate. X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the FeSe membrane is fully relaxed with minimum degradation of its structural properties during the lift-off process. A superconductivity with zero resistance below 4.2 K is exhibited in the freestanding FeSe membrane, while it is not observed in a compressed thin-film form by an in-plane tensile strain. In addition, critical magnetic field and critical current density of the FeSe membrane are comparable to those of the bulk single crystal. Our demonstration of the superconducting FeSe membrane ensures a high utility of the epitaxial lift-off technique for various thin-film materials grown on SrTiO3. This study paves the way for functional applications using ex situ thin-film growth and lift-off technique with an expanded selection from an inventory of various materials.
Diffuse interface modeling of laser-induced nano-/micro-cavitation bubbles
Authors: Abbondanza Dario , Gallo Mirko , Casciola Carlo Massimo
Published: February 2023

In the present work, a diffuse interface model has been used to numerically investigate the laser-induced cavitation of nano-/micro-bubbles. The mesoscale approach is able to describe the cavitation process in its entirety, starting from the vapor bubble formation due to the focused laser energy deposition up to its macroscopic motion. In particular, the simulations show a complete and detailed description of the bubble formation and the subsequent breakdown wave emission with a precise estimation of the energy partition between the shock wave radiating in the liquid and the internal energy of the bubble. The scaling of the ratio between the energy stored in the bubble at its maximum radius and the one deposited by the laser is found in agreement with experimental observation on macroscopic bubbles.
Verification of the generalized reduced-order particle-in-cell scheme in a radial–azimuthal E × B plasma configuration
Authors: Faraji F. , Reza M. , Knoll A.
Published: February 2023

In this article, we present an in-depth verification of the generalized electrostatic reduced-order particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme in a cross electric and magnetic field configuration representative of a radial–azimuthal section of a Hall thruster. The setup of the simulations follows a well-established benchmark case. The main purpose of this effort is to demonstrate that our novel PIC scheme can reliably resolve the complex two-dimensional dynamics and interactions of the plasma instabilities in the radial–azimuthal coordinates of a Hall thruster at a fraction of the computational cost compared to full-2D PIC codes. To this end, we first present the benchmarking of our newly developed full-2D PIC code. Next, we provide an overview of the reduced-order PIC scheme and the resulting “quasi-2D” code, specifying that the degree of order reduction in the quasi-2D PIC is defined in terms of the number of “regions” along the simulation’s directions used to divide the computational domain. We compare the predictions of the quasi-2D simulation in various approximation degrees of the 2D problem against our full-2D simulation results. We show that, with an increase in the number of regions in the Q2D simulations, the quasi-2D results converge to the 2D ones. Nonetheless, we also highlight that a quasi-2D simulation that provides a factor of 5 reduction in the computational cost resolves the underlying physical processes in an almost indistinguishable manner with respect to the full-2D simulation and incurs an L2-norm error of only about 2% in the ion number density and below 1% in the electron temperature.
Application and comparison of dynamic mode decomposition methods in the tip leakage cavitation of a hydrofoil case
Authors: Wu Yanzhao , Tao Ran , Yao Zhifeng , Xiao Ruofu , Wang Fujun
Published: February 2023

The cavitation of the tip leakage vortex (TLV) induced by tip leakage has always been a difficult problem faced by turbomachinery, and its flow structure is complex and diverse. How to accurately extract the main structures that affect the cavitating flow of the TLV from the two-phase flow field is a key problem. In this study, the main mode extraction and low order mode reconstruction accuracy of the cavitation flow field of TLV downstream of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)0009 hydrofoil by two dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) methods are compared. The research shows that the main modes extracted by the standard DMD method contain a large number of noise modes, while the sparsity-promoting DMD eliminates the noise modes, showing obvious advantages in the reconstruction accuracy of the velocity field. The characteristics of cavitation signals are analyzed, and the cavitation signals are divided into four categories, which explains the reason why DMD methods have low reconstruction accuracy in cavitation. This study provides a theoretical basis and strong guarantee for the extraction of mode decomposition characteristics of the two-phase flow field. This is of great significance for accelerating the prediction of multiphase flow fields based on intelligent flow pattern learning in the future. Meanwhile, it also provides a new method and road for the introduction of artificial intelligence technology in future scientific research.
Evolution of the velocity gradient invariants in homogeneous isotropic turbulence with an inverse energy cascade
Authors: Liu Feng , Wu Zhuangzhuang , Lv Pengfei , Yang Wei , Zhou Yi
Published: February 2023

An investigation of topological features of homogeneous isotropic turbulence with an inverse energy cascade is performed by using a direct numerical simulation. The inverse energy cascade is induced by reversing the velocity field (i.e., under the transformation from ui to −ui) of a freely decaying isotropic turbulence. In the backward energy transfer process, the joint probability density function (PDF) of Q and R exhibits a novel shape, which seems to be symmetric with the well-known teardrop shape about the Q-axis (Q and R are the second and third invariants of the velocity gradients tensor, respectively). The predominance of the top-right (R > 0 and Q > 0) and the bottom-left (R < 0 and Q < 0) quadrants is observed in the backward energy transfer process. This observation is different from that of the forward energy cascade, in which the top-left (R < 0 and Q > 0) and the bottom-right (R > 0 and Q < 0) quadrants are dominant. The unexpected shape of the joint PDF of Q and R indicates that the turbulence with an inverse energy cascade is dominated by vortex compression and tube-like structures. The PDF of the intermediate eigenvalue of the strain-rate tensor in the inverse energy cascade is negatively skewed, which is opposite to the universal feature of the forward energy cascade. Nevertheless, the preferential alignment of vorticity with the intermediate eigenvector is rather robust, no matter whether the direction of the energy transfer is forward or backward. In addition, it is universal that the vorticity is mostly perpendicular to the eigenvector, which corresponds to a strain-rate eigenvalue with the maximum absolute value among the three eigenvalues. Since the velocity gradient invariants are closely related to the local flow topology, the numerical results reported in this work are expected to shed light on the intrinsic dynamics and mechanisms of inverse energy cascade.