bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on a New Topology and Reactive Power Compensation Application of Reinjection Multilevel Voltage Source Converter
Authors: He Changxing , Yang Baofeng , Luo Zhenpeng , Liu Guangchen
Published: November 2024

Based on the principles of reinjection converter technology and submodule operation, a novel topology for a reinjection multilevel voltage source converter (RMVSC) is proposed. In this topology, submodules are dynamically connected in series as the reinjection circuit. This new topology retains all the functions of the RMVSC while offering flexible control of the reinjection circuit and ease of modularization, making it highly suitable for high-voltage, high-power applications. A circulating drive pulse sequence was developed for the 7-level serial submodule RMVSC, ensuring dynamic stability of the submodule voltage and maintaining low harmonic distortion when interfaced with the grid. Building on this, a double-loop control strategy—comprising an outer power loop and an inner current loop—was proposed for the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) of RMVSC. A simulation model was constructed in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the simulation results confirm the excellent performance of the proposed topology and the effectiveness of both the modulation strategy and the double-loop control strategy. The RMVSC-STATCOM demonstrates continuous and bidirectional reactive power regulation, with high control accuracy and superior compensation current quality.
3D Printed Orthodontic Aligners—A Scoping Review
Authors: Jungbauer Rebecca , Sabbagh Hisham , Janjic Rankovic Mila , Becker Kathrin
Published: November 2024

This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature on 3D-printed orthodontic aligners. It was conducted following the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. An electronic literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 46 eligible studies published until September 2024 were selected for qualitative synthesis. To date, scientific evidence is primarily available for Tera Harz TC (Graphy, Seoul, Republic of Korea), which is the only studied material approved for orthodontic tooth movements. Although additional materials were identified during the literature search, there is a lack of scientific studies regarding their characteristics and clinical use. This review highlights that while material properties and biocompatibility are of critical importance, the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of 3D-printed aligners require further investigation. Many studies exhibit significant variability in testing methodologies, making substantiated comparisons challenging. Moreover, the existing literature primarily comprises in vitro studies, with limited clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of 3D-printed aligners. Given the current gaps in knowledge and the evolving nature of this field, further well-designed controlled clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical performance and safety of 3D-printed aligners. The findings underscore the need for standardized protocols and comprehensive reporting to enhance the reliability of future research in this area.
Cervical Cancer Prediction Based on Imbalanced Data Using Machine Learning Algorithms with a Variety of Sampling Methods
Authors: Muraru Mădălina Maria , Simó Zsuzsa , Iantovics László Barna
Published: November 2024

Cervical cancer affects a large portion of the female population, making the prediction of this disease using Machine Learning (ML) of utmost importance. ML algorithms can be integrated into complex, intelligent, agent-based systems that can offer decision support to resident medical doctors or even experienced medical doctors. For instance, an experienced medical doctor may diagnose a case but need expert support that related to another medical specialty. Data imbalance is frequent in healthcare data and has a negative influence on predictions made using ML algorithms. Cancer data, in general, and cervical cancer data, in particular, are frequently imbalanced. For this study, we chose a messy, real-life cervical cancer dataset available in the Kaggle repository that includes large amounts of missing and noisy values. To identify the best imbalanced technique for this medical dataset, the performances of eleven important resampling methods are compared, combined with the following state-of-the-art ML models that are frequently applied in predictive healtchare research: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) (with k values of 2 and 3), binary Logistic Regression (bLR), and Random Forest (RF). The studied resampling methods include seven undersampling methods and four oversampling methods. For this dataset, the imbalance ratio was 12.73, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 9.23% to 16.22%. The obtained results show that resampling methods help improve the classification ability of prediction models applied to cervical cancer data. The applied oversampling techniques for handling imbalanced data generally outperformed the undersampling methods. The average balanced accuracy for oversampling was 77.44%, compared to 62.28% for undersampling. When detecting the minority class, oversampling achieved an average score of 60.80%, while undersampling scored 41.36%. The logistic regression classifier had the greatest impact on balanced techniques, while random forest achieved promising performance, even before applying balancing techniques. Initially, KNN2 outperformed KNN3 across all metrics, including balanced accuracy, for which KNN2 achieved 53.57%, compared to 52.71% for KNN3. However, after applying oversampling techniques, KNN3 significantly improved its balanced accuracy to 73.78%, while that of KNN2 increased to 63.89%. Additionally, KNN3 outperformed KNN2 in minority class performance, scoring 55.72% compared to KNN2’s 33.93%.
Digital Twin Used in Real-Time Monitoring of Operations Performed on CNC Technological Equipment
Authors: Daraba Dinu , Pop Florina , Daraba Catalin
Published: November 2024

This article presents the development and implementation of a real-time monitoring solution designed for CNC machines, specifically applied to 150 industrial printing machines, leveraging Digital Twin (DT) technology. The system integrates an SQL database with Android and .NET interfaces, ensuring seamless data synchronization across all machines and optimizing production processes. The real-time monitoring enables immediate reflection of operational changes, enhancing predictive maintenance and reducing machine downtime. A notable feature of the system is its 1 s average data synchronization rate per machine, managing 150 resources distributed over a 10,000 mp area. This fast synchronization improves workflow coordination, reducing production time by approximately 10%, and minimizing operator delays caused by material issues, machine malfunctions, or product defects. The integration of advanced analytics further supports real-time decision-making, predictive maintenance, and performance optimization, aligning the solution with the objectives of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 initiatives. This version reflects the specific results of the research, including the 1 s synchronization rate, the 10% reduction in production time, and the scalability of the system for 150 resources.
Antimicrobial, Synergistic, and Antibiofilm Activity of Sildenafil Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Preliminary Studies
Authors: Barin Thais de Moraes , Alves Camilla Filippi dos Santos , Teixeira Cristiane Antunes , Verdi Camila Marina , Moreira Kelly Schneider , Burgo Thiago , Novais Vitória Fernanda Belmonte , Vaucher Rodrigo de Almeida , Santos Roberto Christ Vianna
Published: November 2024

The present study tested sildenafil citrate as an example of pharmacological repositioning against the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, known for its potent biofilm formation. We evaluated its antimicrobial, synergistic, and antibiofilm effects using broth microdilution, checkerboard assays, and atomic force microscopy techniques. Sildenafil citrate showed antimicrobial activity, effectively inhibiting bacterial growth at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3.12 to 6.25 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 3.12 and 25 mg/mL. When combined with reference antimicrobial agents—cefepime, imipenem, cilastatin, and polymyxin—sildenafil citrate had a synergistic effect. It also effectively inhibited and eradicated biofilms, reducing total biomass by 87.1% for inhibition and 83.8% for eradication. Atomic force microscopy confirmed the efficacy of sildenafil citrate in destroying and inhibiting biofilms, decreasing the overall amplitude of the biofilm. Consequently, sildenafil citrate appears to be a promising candidate for combination with commercial antimicrobial drugs to prevent and treat P. aeruginosa infections.
Numerical Simulation on the Influence of the Distribution Characteristics of Cracks and Solution Cavities on the Wellbore Stability in Carbonate Formation
Authors: Zhang Jingzhe , Zhao Rongrong , An Hongyi , Li Wenhao , Geng Yuxin , Fan Xiangyu , Zhang Qiangui
Published: November 2024

The development of cracks and solution cavities in carbonate reservoirs can notably reduce the rock’s mechanical properties, leading to a severe wellbore collapse problem during drilling operations. To clarify the influence of the characteristics of cracks and solution cavities on the wellbore stability in the Dengying Formation carbonate reservoir in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area of Sichuan, the mechanical properties of carbonate rock were analyzed. Then, the influences of the attitude and width of cracks, the size and quantity of solution cavities, and their connectivity on wellbore stability were studied using FLAC3D 6.00 numerical simulation software. Our results show the following: (1) The cracks and solution cavities in the Dengying Formation carbonate rock cause significant differences in the rock’s mechanical properties. (2) The equivalent drilling fluid density of collapse pressure (ρc) considering the effects of cracks and solution cavities is 6.4% higher than without these effects, which is in good accordance with engineering practice. Additionally, cracks play a more significant role than solution cavities in affecting the wellbore stability. (3) When the orientation of a crack is closer to the direction of maximum horizontal stress, and the dip angle and width of the crack increase, the stress and deformation at the intersection of the crack and wellbore gradually increase, and correspondingly, ρc also increases. (4) The stress and displacement of various points around the solution cavities gradually increase with the increases in diameter and quantity of solution cavities, and ρc also increases. (5) Compared with the situation where cracks and solution cavities are not interconnected, the stress disturbance area around the wellbore is larger, and ρc is greater when cracks and solution cavities are interconnected.
Energy Flexibility in Aluminium Smelting: A Long-Term Feasibility Study Based on the Prospects of Electricity Load and Photovoltaic Production
Authors: Bizjak Marko , Uremovič Niko , Mongus Domen , Sukič Primož , Štumberger Gorazd , Hrenko Haris Salihagić , Mikša Dragan , Kores Stanislav , Lukač Niko
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the economic feasibility of utilising energy flexibility in aluminium production as a viable solution to leverage electricity surpluses arising from the increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) system installations. Future trends suggest that the generation capacity of PV systems will soon surpass consumption, leading to significant electricity surpluses, particularly during the summer. This surplus electricity, which is anticipated to be available at low prices, offers a unique opportunity to evaluate different investment and utilisation scenarios for aluminium production while simultaneously decreasing its environmental impact. The results demonstrate that, despite their high initial investment cost, large-scale PV power plants can potentially deliver maximum economic gains over a ten-year period. Conversely, the direct utilisation of surpluses without substantial investment can yield savings of up to EUR 17 million within the same time frame for Slovenia’s case with an aluminium smelter, which has a maximum power usage of 60 MW. The findings of this study have significant implications in terms of shaping future energy strategies and policies, emphasizing the value of integrating renewable energy sources and industrial processes for enhanced economic and environmental outcomes.
Accumulation of Spherical Microplastics in Earthworms Tissues-Mapping Using Raman Microscopy
Authors: Klimasz Marek , Grobelak Anna
Published: November 2024

The presence of microplastics in the environment is now becoming a challenge for many scientific disciplines. Molecular diversity and spatial migration make it difficult to find plastic-free areas. Their negative, often toxic, effects affect plants and animals to varying degrees, causing many biochemical disorders, species degradation, and population changes. This study aimed to determine the possibility of accumulation of spherical low-density polyethylene particles of 38–63 µm (38–45 µm 1.00 g/cm3, and 53–63 µm 1.00 g/cm3) with fluorescent properties in muscle tissues of the cosmopolitan earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris, exposed to plastic contained in the soil at a concentration of 0.1% dry weight for 3 months. Analysis of the tissues by Raman microscopy included the estimation of mapping area size, sampling density, accumulation time, spectra, laser line, and laser power to detect plastic in the samples effectively. Our results demonstrate the ability of low-density polyethylene microparticles to accumulate in earthworm tissues and are presented graphically for the mapping area and images with plastic detection sites marked. In addition, this article highlights the potential of using Raman microscopy for research in the field of tissue analysis.
Prediction of Dry Mouth Condition Using Radiomics Features from Tongue Diagnosis Image
Authors: Ahn Sun-Hee , Lee Sang Joon , Lee Mi-Jung , Chung Phil-Sang , Kim Hyeon Sik
Published: November 2024

Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, is characterized by reduced salivary secretion, which can lead to various oral health issues and discomfort. In this paper, we propose a novel, non-invasive method for predicting xerostomia through the analysis of tongue images. To predict salivary gland secretion from tongue images, we collected images from patients who visited the hospital with complaints of dry mouth and measured their saliva secretion. Features were extracted from these tongue images, and correlation analysis was performed using machine learning techniques to assess the relationship between the extracted features and measured saliva secretion. We obtained tongue images and saliva secretion measurements from 176 patients. Images were cropped to 100 × 100 pixels, resulting in 462 features. The dataset was divided into training and test sets, consisting of 160 and 16 samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the training and test datasets were 0.9496 and 0.9415, respectively, while the correlation coefficient for the entire dataset was 0.9482. The estimated linear equation was y = 0.9244x + 2.1664. This study aimed to predict salivary gland secretion based on tongue images. By extracting features from color images and employing a neural network machine learning model, we estimated salivary gland secretion. With a sufficiently large dataset of tongue images, further advancements in regression analysis using deep learning techniques could enhance the accuracy of these predictions.
Antioxidant and Nutritional Potential of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) By-Product Extracts in Fat-Replaced Beef Burgers with Hydrogel Emulsions from Olive Oil
Authors: Ayuso Pablo , Quizhpe Jhazmin , Rosell María de los Ángeles , Peñalver Rocío , Nieto Gema
Published: November 2024

Beef burger consumption has been questioned due to the burgers’ high levels of saturated fatty acids and the use of synthetic additives for preservation. In order to improve the acceptability and health benefits of this product, two functional ingredients, artichoke and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), have been used to formulate four different beef burgers: a control burger (CB), a fat-replaced burger with an EVOO emulsion (FRB), and two FRB formulations with the incorporation of enzymatically treated (FRB-TAE) or untreated (FRB-AE) artichoke extract. Fat replacement significantly affected the lipid profile of the burgers, increasing oleic acid levels and n-3 PUFA such as α-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Artichoke incorporation exerted beneficial effects on the antioxidant activity, as well as on the total phenolic content of the reformulated burgers, leading to a decrease in color changes, lipid and protein oxidation after 3 days of storage at 4 °C, as well as reducing the formation of volatile compounds such as hexanal, 2,3-Octanedione, or 1-Octen-3-ol. No differences were found between formulations for the sensory parameters studied. These results demonstrate a possible revalorization of artichoke by-products by improving the nutritional properties of beef burgers, revealing a potential application as a higher value-added ingredient in the meat industry.
A Dynamic Edge Server Placement Scheme Using the Improved Snake Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Wu Xiaofeng , Yuan Peiyan
Published: November 2024

In the paradigm of mobile edge computing (MEC), providing low-latency and high-reliability services for users is garnering increasing attention. Appropriate edge-server placement is the crucial first step to realizing such services, as it can meet computation requirements and enhance resource utilization. This study delves into efficient and intelligent dynamic edge-server placement by taking into account time-varying network scenarios and deployment costs. Firstly, edge servers are classified into static and dynamic ones. Subsequently, an improved snake optimization algorithm is proposed to determine the number and placement locations of dynamic servers while adhering to delay requirements. Finally, a minimum placement-cost algorithm is put forward to further reduce the service cost. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to classic algorithms, the proposed algorithms can achieve a reduction in latency of 5% to 12%. And compared to the state-of-the-art methods, they can reduce service costs by 20% to 43%. This research offers an effective solution for dynamic edge-server placement and holds great theoretical and practical significance.
Dynamic Analysis of Upper- and Lower-Extremity Performance During Take-Offs and Landings in High-Wall Climbing: Effects of a Plyometric and Strength Training Intervention
Authors: Shih Wen-Lung , Yeh Ming-Lang , Chuang Ming-Hsi , Wu Cheng-En
Published: November 2024

This study used a 12-week plyometric and strength training program as an intervention to improve upper- and lower-extremity muscle strength for jumping and landing when climbing high walls. Sixty general non-athlete male college students were openly recruited and divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a plyometric and strength training program twice a week for 12 weeks (24 sessions). The intervention was divided into three phases, each lasting four weeks, with the training intensity gradually increasing in each phase. A hand grip dynamometer was used to measure grip strength, and a PASCO double-track force plate was used to assess upper-extremity push-up force and lower-extremity take-off and landing strength. The results of the 12-week intervention showed that the experimental group experienced significant increases in grip strength (both hands), hand-ground reaction force, and upper-extremity hang time. Additionally, the time of upper-extremity action on the force plate decreased. Lower-extremity take-off strength improved, as reflected in increased ground reaction force, rate of force development, and passage time. Upon landing, ground reaction force decreased by 3.2%, and cushioning time shortened by 52.7%. This study concludes that plyometric and strength training have promising effects in enhancing upper- and lower-extremity strength, particularly in climbing and landing tasks.
Effect of Calcium on the Characteristics of Action Potential Under Different Electrical Stimuli
Authors: Qiao Xuan , Yao Wei
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the role of calcium ions in the release of action potentials by comparing two models based on the framework: the standard HH model and a HH + Ca model that incorporates calcium ion channels. Purkinje cells’ responses to four types of electrical current stimuli—constant direct current, step current, square wave current, and sine current—were simulated to analyze the impact of calcium on action potential characteristics. The results indicate that, under the constant direct current stimulation, the action potential firing frequency of both models increased with the escalating current intensity, while the delay time of the first action potential decreased. However, when the current intensity exceeded a specific threshold, the peak amplitude of the action potential gradually diminished. The HH + Ca model exhibited a longer delay in the first action potential compared to the HH model but maintained an action potential release under stronger currents. In response to the step current, both models showed an increased action potential frequency with a higher current, but the HH + Ca model generated subthreshold oscillations under weak currents. With the square wave current, the action potential frequency increased, though the HH + Ca model experienced suppression under high-frequency weak currents. Under the sine current, the action potential frequency rose, with the HH + Ca model showing less depression near the sine peak due to calcium’s role in modulating membrane potential. These findings suggest that calcium ions contribute to a more stable action potential release under varying stimuli.
Embodied Spaces in Digital Times: Exploring the Role of Instagram in Shaping Temporal Dimensions and Perceptions of Architecture
Authors: Wagiri Felicia , Wijaya Deser Christian , Sitindjak Ronald Hasudungan Irianto
Published: November 2024

This study explores Instagram’s influence on sensory and experiential engagement with architecture in the digital age. Using a phenomenological approach, we studied the impact of Instagram’s visual features, such as filters, geotagging, and hashtags, on user interactions and perceptions of architectural spaces. The research demonstrates that Instagram transforms traditional architectural experiences into dynamic visual narratives that integrate real and virtual elements, altering our understanding of space and time. While acknowledging that architectural experience encompasses form, function, and historical context, this paper specifically focuses on Instagram’s role in mediating perceptual experiences. By analyzing user engagement patterns and content trends, the study highlights how Instagram shapes architectural design practices and the creation of spaces tailored for digital interaction. This study offers a comprehensive view of the complex relationship between digital media and architectural perception, identifying both the opportunities and challenges presented by the platform in influencing our understanding of architectural spaces.
Analysis of the Correlation Between Spatial Morphological Elements and Microclimate in the Higher Education Teaching Center Area
Authors: Qiao Liang , Yan Xinling
Published: November 2024

Irrational spatial configuration of campuses has contributed to changes in local microclimates, thus reducing human thermal comfort, particularly in severely cold regions of China. This paper sets out to establish correlation equations between campus spatial morphology indicators and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). Based on measured data from two campus sites, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were utilized to analyze the characteristics of microclimate distribution and highly sensitive morphological parameters were screened. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between spatial morphology indicators and PET. During winter, open spaces were most correlated with Sky View Factor (SVF), with each 0.1 increase in SVF resulting in a 0.7 °C rise in PET. Enclosed spaces exhibited strong correlations with the Closure Ratio of Enclosure (Ce) and Surface Wall Area (SW), where every 10% increase in Ce led to a 0.46 °C increase in PET and every additional 1000 m2 of SW caused a 1 °C rise in PET. We finally quantified the impact of changes in spatial morphology indicators on human thermal comfort, with the aim to integrate campus planning with climatic design and improve the outdoor thermal environment of campuses.
Mitigating an Epidemic on a Geographic Network Using Vaccination
Authors: Badaoui Mohamad , Caputo Jean-Guy , Cruz-Pacheco Gustavo , Knippel Arnaud
Published: November 2024

We consider a mathematical model describing the propagation of an epidemic on a geographical network. The size of the outbreak is governed by the initial growth rate of the disease given by the maximal eigenvalue of the epidemic matrix formed by the susceptibles and the graph Laplacian representing the mobility. We use matrix perturbation theory to analyze the epidemic matrix and define a vaccination strategy, assuming vaccination reduces the susceptibles. When mobility and the local disease dynamics have similar time scales, it is most efficient to vaccinate the whole network because the disease grows uniformly. However, if only a few vertices can be vaccinated, then we show that it is most efficient to vaccinate along an eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian. We illustrate these results by calculations on a seven-vertex graph and a realistic example of the French rail network. When mobility is slower than the local disease dynamics, the epidemic grows on the vertex with largest number of susceptibles. The epidemic growth rate is more reduced when vaccinating a larger degree vertex; it also depends on the neighboring vertices. This study and its conclusions provide guidelines for the planning of a vaccination campaign on a network at the onset of an epidemic.
Effects of Temperature and Light on Microalgal Growth and Nutrient Removal in Turtle Aquaculture Wastewater
Authors: Tian Xiaosong , Lin Xiaoai , Xie Qing , Liu Jinping , Luo Longzao
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of temperature and light on microalgal growth and nutrient removal in turtle aquaculture wastewater using a single-factor experiment method. Results showed that the growth process of Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 in turtle aquaculture wastewater exhibited three stages, namely adaptation, logarithmic, and stable periods. Temperature and light significantly influenced the growth and protein and lipid accumulation of Desmodesmus sp. CHX1. The optimal conditions for the growth and biomass accumulation of Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 included a temperature of 30 °C, a photoperiod of 24L:0D, and a light intensity of 180 μmol photon/(m2·s). Increased temperature, photoperiod, and light intensity enhanced nutrient removal efficiency. Maximum nitrogen removal was achieved at a temperature of 30 °C, a photoperiod of 24L:0D, and a light intensity of 180 μmol photon/(m2·s), with the removal efficiency of 86.53%, 97.94%, 99.57%, and 99.15% for ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. Temperature did not significantly affect TP removal, but increased photoperiod and light intensity improved the removal efficiency of TP. The development of microalgae biomass as a feed rich in protein and lipids could address feed shortages and meet the nutritional needs of turtles, offering a feasible solution for large-scale production.
Beyond Pharmacology: The Biological Mechanisms of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Qin Linhui , Tong Fang , Li Sijie , Ren Changhong
Published: November 2024

Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), comprising predominantly ischemic stroke and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), are a significant threat to global health, often leading to disability and mortality. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has emerged as a promising, non-pharmacological strategy to combat CVDs by leveraging the body’s innate defense mechanisms. This review delves into the neuroprotective mechanisms of RIC, categorizing its effects during the acute and chronic phases of stroke recovery. It also explores the synergistic potential of RIC when combined with other therapeutic strategies, such as pharmacological treatments and physical exercise. Additionally, this review discusses the pathways through which peripheral transmission can confer central neuroprotection. This review concludes by addressing the challenges regarding and future directions for RIC, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols, biomarker identification, and expanded clinical trials to fully realize its therapeutic potential.
Impact of Data Pre-Processing Techniques on XGBoost Model Performance for Predicting All-Cause Readmission and Mortality Among Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Hidayaturrohman Qisthi Alhazmi , Hanada Eisuke
Published: November 2024

Background: Heart failure poses a significant global health challenge, with high rates of readmission and mortality. Accurate models to predict these outcomes are essential for effective patient management. This study investigates the impact of data pre-processing techniques on XGBoost model performance in predicting all-cause readmission and mortality among heart failure patients. Methods: A dataset of 168 features from 2008 heart failure patients was used. Pre-processing included handling missing values, categorical encoding, and standardization. Four imputation techniques were compared: Mean, Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICEs), k-nearest Neighbors (kNNs), and Random Forest (RF). XGBoost models were evaluated using accuracy, recall, F1-score, and Area Under the Curve (AUC). Robustness was assessed through 10-fold cross-validation. Results: The XGBoost model with kNN imputation, one-hot encoding, and standardization outperformed others, with an accuracy of 0.614, recall of 0.551, and F1-score of 0.476. The MICE-based model achieved the highest AUC (0.647) and mean AUC (0.65 ± 0.04) in cross-validation. All pre-processed models outperformed the default XGBoost model (AUC: 0.60). Conclusions: Data pre-processing, especially MICE with one-hot encoding and standardization, improves XGBoost performance in heart failure prediction. However, moderate AUC scores suggest further steps are needed to enhance predictive accuracy.
Blockchain Solutions for Logistic Management
Authors: Aleksieva Veneta , Valchanov Hristo , Maleshkov Venelin , Haka Aydan
Published: November 2024

Blockchain technologies have the potential to fundamentally change logistics and supply chain management. By leveraging the capabilities of blockchain technology, businesses can increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve security and trust in operations. However, there are still difficulties to overcome in terms of uptake and implementation. This article examines the various blockchain technologies applicable in the field of logistics, presents the benefits and limitations of blockchain technologies in this aspect, and offers a summary of the existing technologies used in the logistics sector. According to this, blockchain-based models applicable both to a specific stage of the logistics process (e.g., transportation of goods, materials, and feedstocks; management of warehouse operations; cargo tracking; etc.) and related insurance services have been proposed. The proposed models have been tested in a lab environment on the HyperLedger Fabric platform, and the results show that they are fully functional.
How Freely Moving Mind Wandering Relates to Creativity: Behavioral and Neural Evidence
Authors: Feng Qiuyang , Weng Linman , Geng Li , Qiu Jiang
Published: November 2024

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that mind wandering during incubation phases enhances post-incubation creative performance. Recent empirical evidence, however, has highlighted a specific form of mind wandering closely related to creativity, termed freely moving mind wandering (FMMW). In this study, we examined the behavioral and neural associations between FMMW and creativity. Methods: We initially validated a questionnaire measuring FMMW by comparing its results with those from the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). Data were collected from 1316 participants who completed resting-state fMRI scans, the FMMW questionnaire, and creative tasks. Correlation analysis and Bayes factors indicated that FMMW was associated with creative thinking (AUT). To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between FMMW and creativity, Hidden Markov Models (HMM) were employed to analyze the temporal dynamics of the resting-state fMRI data. Results: Our findings indicated that brain dynamics associated with FMMW involve integration within multiple networks and between networks (r = −0.11, pFDR < 0.05). The links between brain dynamics associated with FMMW and creativity were mediated by FMMW (c’ = 0.01, [−0.0181, −0.0029]). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the relationship between FMMW and creativity, offering insights into the neural mechanisms underpinning this relationship.
Psychological Responses to Home-Working Practices: A Network Analysis of Relationships with Health Behaviour and Wellbeing
Authors: Keightley Samuel , Pollmann Ayla , Gardner Benjamin , Duncan Myanna
Published: November 2024

Working at home, rather than in the workplace, has been suggested to affect office-based workers’ health and wellbeing. This exploratory, cross-sectional study sought to identify discrete psychological responses to home-working practices and investigate their relationship with engagement in health-related behaviours and wellbeing. A sample of 491 home-workers completed a survey assessing ten psychological responses to home-working (e.g., the ability to ‘switch off’ from work), ten health behaviour indices (e.g., sleep trouble), and seven wellbeing indices. Network Analysis modelled relationships between these variables. Results showed four clusters of psychological responses to home-working practices (representing ‘home-working independence’, ‘home-work transition’, ‘daily work pressure’, and ‘work-day forecasting’). Variables within these clusters linked to health behaviour and wellbeing: perceptions of workload manageability, ability to switch off from work, homeworking autonomy, and planning and organising a home-working day had cascading influences on indicators of health, health behaviours, and wellbeing. The findings point to a complex system of potential health and wellbeing consequences of working from home. Further evidence is needed to establish truly causal relationships; nonetheless, our findings call for the development of public health initiatives and organisational policies to support the adoption of home-working practices to benefit the health and wellbeing of home-workers.
Cyberbullying Among Adolescents in Norway: Time Trends and Factors Associated with Perpetration and Victimization
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Kleppang Annette Løvheim , Steigen Anne Mari
Published: November 2024

There is limited knowledge about time trends in cyberbullying involvement, and whereas previous studies have often focused on various mental health outcomes, possible outcomes of cyberbullying may concern a wide range of areas. A better understanding of cyberbullying development over time, as well as of the possible consequences, is needed for effective prevention and intervention efforts. The aims of this study were (i) to gain knowledge of time trends in cyberbullying among Norwegian adolescents, and (ii) to better understand how different forms of cyberbullying involvement is related to a variety of outcomes. Data from the Norwegian Ungdata surveys (2014–2016) were used to assess involvement in cyberbullying over time. Associations with cyberbullying involvement and four outcome variables (belief in a good and happy life, loneliness, school thriving, and depressive symptoms) were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Across years of study, the prevalence rates for cyberbullying involvement were 1.5% for perpetration, 3% for victimization, and 1% for perpetration-victimization. Compared with non-involvement, involvement in cyberbullying in any role was associated with poorer outcomes on all variables. Cyber-victims who were also perpetrators were less likely to have high levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms, compared to cyber-victims only. The prevalence of cyberbullying involvement among adolescents in Norway was relatively unchanged between 2014 and 2016. Cyberbullying involvement is associated with negative outcomes related to mental health, loneliness, school thriving, and beliefs in one’s personal future, and victims of cyberbullying appear to be the most vulnerable group.
Cultural Imprints on Urban Housing: A Spatial Analysis of Apartment Designs in Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa
Authors: Choi Jung Yun , Choi Jaepil
Published: November 2024

Apartment design is often assumed to follow a standardized model, disregarding cultural influences. However, cultural context can significantly shape the spatial organization of living environments. A significant gap exists in addressing how cultural factors influence apartment design in rapidly urbanizing African cities. Modern architectural practices frequently overlook the sociocultural dynamics essential for creating living spaces that resonate with local populations. This study investigates the spatial configuration of apartment units in three African countries—Kenya, South Africa, and Ghana—challenging the notion of universally homogeneous apartment designs. By applying Space Syntax, a quantitative analysis tool, this study examines how cultural factors distinctly influence the layout of apartments. The findings reveal significant variations, particularly in the design of corridors, domestic servant quarters, and the separation of private zones. This research highlights the importance of incorporating cultural considerations into architectural design processes to promote housing solutions that are functionally efficient, culturally relevant, and responsive to local social norms. Future research could explore how these cultural influences manifest across different housing types, such as informal settlements and high-rise apartments, or examine the impact of migration and globalization on evolving housing needs.
Exploring the Spatial Patterns of Accessibility to Metro Services Considering the Locations of Station Entrances/Exits
Authors: Yan Congxiao , Gao Yueer , Yang Yifu
Published: November 2024

Accessibility to metro services is often evaluated based on the locations of stations. However, compared to the location of station itself, focusing on its entrances/exits offers a more accurate approach to assessing station supply and demand levels. Despite this, research focusing on the supply of and demand for metro services concerning metro entrances and exits remains limited. This study employed multi-source geospatial data from Xiamen, China, to examine the supply and demand dynamics of metro stations with a particular emphasis on entrances/exits. In the first phase, we treated entrances/exits as supply facilities and used land plot boundaries as the fundamental spatial units for accessibility calculations. Taking into account the layout characteristics of entrances/exits, along with the traffic generation of various land-use types, we employed the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (G2SFCA) method to gauge the supply and demand levels of plots. Subsequently, we computed the spatial supply-and-demand relationships of station entrances/exits for both station-level and shared usage level of entrances/exits. We found that the accessibility from plots to entrances/exits diverged from previously observed spatial distribution trends, being higher in city centers, regional boundaries, and terminal stations and lower in transitional areas. Moreover, “metro accessibility” and the “imbalance index of entrances/exits” are associated with the primary functions of stations and the surrounding urban development; yet they exhibit spatial heterogeneity. The stations with a high value for “imbalanced index of entrances/exits” were always near some business parks, and “metro accessibility” seemed to be more easily affected by location factors. Based on two metrics, stations were categorized into four types, each displaying unique characteristics regarding location distributions, entrance/exit configurations, and commuting passenger sources. This research aims to identify the phenomenon of unfair transport in metro service from the perspective of their entrances, inform the optimization of metro station designs, and tailor planning recommendations, ultimately enhancing transport equity and contributing to sustainable urban built environments.
Survey on the Impact of Historical Museum Exhibition Forms on Visitors’ Perceptions Based on Eye-Tracking
Authors: Hu Linhui , Shan Qian , Chen Lidan , Liao Siyin , Li Jinxiao , Ren Guangpei
Published: November 2024

Exhibition design in museum space is of great significance in enhancing cultural attraction, visitor experience, and heritage conservation. With the growth of spiritual and cultural needs, the construction of museums has increased, but the quality of exhibitions has been improved to a limited extent. In order to explore visitors’ perceptual experience in terms of display forms, this paper combines eye-tracking technology and subjective evaluation to select three display forms, namely, stand-alone display form, combined picture and object form, and combined 3D object and physical form, for the research. Combining field research, eye-tracking experiments, and subjective questionnaire evaluations, this study explores the relationship between visual perception and emotional experience in different display formats. The results showed that (1) the effects of different display formats differed between visual perception and emotional experience, and (2) there is some correlation between visual perception and emotional experience. Specifically, the number of fixations sessions was negatively correlated with fun, richness, comfort, and attractiveness and positively correlated with authenticity, while the average fixation time was positively correlated with the former and negatively correlated with authenticity. Combining the two dimensions, the study concluded that visitors’ experience satisfaction and preference are high in response to the form combining 3D objects and physical objects; the exhibition form of combining pictures and physical objects produces a higher degree of cognition in a short period of time; and the stand-alone display form has the lowest degree of preference, with poor information retention among visitors. It is hoped that this study will provide some reference for the use of exhibition forms in historical museums.
Health, Insurance, and Social Capital’s Impact on Housing Debt and Assets Using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Technique
Authors: Chen Siming , Li Rita Yi Man , Tang Chi Ho
Published: November 2024

China’s current real estate market transactions are relatively subdued; hence, finding means to repower the engine for further development becomes vital. However, few studies investigated the relationships between family non-economic factors, assets, and housing debt. This study highlights the impact of family members’ health, insurance, and social capital’s impact on housing debt and assets. The family-size data from the China House Finance Survey are analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation model. The results indicate that family members’ poor health and uninsured endowment insurance individuals negatively affect housing debt and family assets. In contrast, the impact of medical insurance is insignificant. Besides, social capital substantially and positively impacts assets and debts. The labor supply and the proportion of kids have a negligible impact. Hence, this study recommends that loan-offering enterprises may change their marketing targets according to family situations, such as health status and insurance coverage. The government might promote endowment insurance and strengthen higher education to revitalize the real estate industry.
Evaluating Outcomes for Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Palliative Care Consultations, Hospital Charges, and Length of Stay
Authors: Hinyard Leslie J. , Subramaniam Divya S. , Jenkins Alexandria M. , Timmer Zachary , Al-Hammadi Noor
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Women with late-stage metastatic breast cancer are at an increased risk of pain and distress from symptoms and often struggle with associated emotional and financial burden of their disease. Palliative care is known to alleviate symptom burden in patients with end-stage, terminal diseases but is often underutilized in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The current study aims to investigate the prevalence of palliative care consultation on inpatients with metastatic breast cancer and examine the association between palliative care consultation and length of hospital stay and total hospital charges. Methods: Patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer between 1998–2017 were abstracted from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Database (NIS). The primary outcome was the presence of a palliative care consultation (PCC) during the inpatient stay. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay and total hospital charges. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with the presence of a PCC. The relationship between PCC and hospital length of stay and total hospital charges were investigated using linear regression. Results: 513,509 cases of metastatic breast cancer were identified, 5.7% had a documented in-hospital palliative care encounter. Of those who received PCC, total hospital charges were about USD 5452 less than those who did not receive consultation. Women who received PCC had higher odds of a longer hospital stay. Predictors of PCC were older age, non-White race, and residing in a lower-income ZIP code. Conclusions: Palliative care remains to be an underutilized resource among patients with end-stage metastatic breast cancer.
Enhancing Survival Outcome Predictions in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through PET Radiomics Analysis
Authors: Wang Shuo , Belemlilga Darryl , Lei Yu , Ganti Apar Kishor P , Lin Chi , Asif Samia , Marasco Jacob T , Oh Kyuhak , Zhou Sumin
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Advanced-stage lung cancer poses significant management challenges. The goal of this study was to identify crucial clinical and PET radiomics features that enable prognostic stratification for predicting outcomes. (2) Methods: PET radiomics features of the primary lung lesions were extracted from 99 patients with stage IVB NSCLC, and the robustness of these PET radiomics features was evaluated against uncertainties stemming from extraction parameters and contour variation. We trained three survival risk models (clinical, radiomics, and a composite) through a penalized Cox model framework. We also created a Balanced Random Forest classification predictive model, using the selected features, to predict 1-year survival. (3) Results: We identified 367 common PET radiomics features that exhibited robustness to perturbations introduced by contour variation and extraction parameters. Our findings indicated that both the radiomics and the composite model outperformed the clinical model in stratifying the risk for survival with statistical significance. In predicting 1-year survival, the radiomics model and the composite model also achieved better predicting accuracies compared to the clinical model. (4) Conclusions: Robust PET radiomics analysis successfully facilitated the stratification of patient risk for survival outcomes and predicted 1-year survival in stage IVB NSCLC.