bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the collagen-binding properties and virulence of killed Streptococcus mutans in a silkworm model
Authors: Suehiro Yuto , Nomura Ryota , Matayoshi Saaya , Otsugu Masatoshi , Iwashita Naoki , Nakano Kazuhiko
Published: February 2022

Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, is also known as a causative agent of cardiovascular disease. A 120 kDa collagen-binding protein (Cnm) of S. mutans is an important contributor to the pathogenicity of cardiovascular disease. Although dead bacteria have been detected in cardiovascular specimens by molecular biological methods, the pathogenicity of the bacteria remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the pathogenicity of killed S. mutans by focusing on collagen-binding ability and the effects on silkworms. In live S. mutans, Cnm-positive S. mutans had high collagen-binding activity, while Cnm-negative S. mutans had no such activity. After treatment with killed Cnm-positive S. mutans, amoxicillin-treated bacteria still had collagen-binding ability, while lysozyme-treated bacteria lost this ability. When live and amoxicillin-treated S. mutans strains were administered to silkworms, the survival rates of the silkworms were reduced; this reduction was more pronounced in Cnm-positive S. mutans infection than in Cnm-negative S. mutans infection. However, the administration of any of the lysozyme-treated bacteria did not reduce the survival rate of the silkworms. These results suggest that amoxicillin-killed Cnm-positive S. mutans strains maintain collagen-binding properties and pathogenicity in the silkworm model, and are possibly associated with pathogenicity in cardiovascular diseases.
An overview of Brazilian working age adults vulnerability to COVID-19
Authors: de Souza Fernanda Sumika Hojo , Hojo-Souza Natália Satchiko , de Oliveira Daniela Carine Ramires , Silva Cristiano Maciel da , Guidoni Daniel Ludovico
Published: February 2022

Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, where many smaller countries would fit. In addition to demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural differences, hospital infrastructure and healthcare varies across all 27 federative units. Therefore, the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic did not manifest itself in a homogeneous and predictable trend across the nation. In late 2020 and early 2021, new waves of the COVID-19 outbreak have caused an unprecedented sanitary collapse in Brazil. Unlike the first COVID-19 wave, in subsequent waves, preliminary evidence has pointed to an increase in the daily reported cases among younger people being hospitalized, overloading the healthcare system. In this comprehensive retrospective cohort study, confirmed cases of hospitalization, ICU admission, IMV requirement and in-hospital death from Brazilian COVID-19 patients throughout 2020 until the beginning of 2021 were analyzed through a spatio-temporal study for patients aged 20–59 years. All Brazilian federative units had their data disaggregated in six periods of ten epidemiological weeks each. We found that there is a wide variation in the waves dynamic due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, both in the first and in subsequent outbreaks in different federative units over the analyzed periods. As a result, atypical waves can be seen in the Brazil data as a whole. The analysis showed that Brazil is experiencing a numerical explosion of hospitalizations and deaths for patients aged 20–59 years, especially in the state of São Paulo, with a similar proportion of hospitalizations for this age group but higher proportion of deaths compared to the first wave.
Curation, inference, and assessment of a globally reconstructed gene regulatory network for Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Zorro-Aranda Andrea , Escorcia-Rodríguez Juan Miguel , González-Kise José Kenyi , Freyre-González Julio Augusto
Published: February 2022

Streptomyces coelicolorA3(2) is a model microorganism for the study of Streptomycetes, antibiotic production, and secondary metabolism in general. Even thoughS. coelicolorhas an outstanding variety of regulators among bacteria, little effort to globally study its transcription has been made. We manually curated 29 years of literature and databases to assemble a meta-curated experimentally-validated gene regulatory network (GRN) with 5386 genes and 9707 regulatory interactions (~ 41% of the total expected interactions). This provides the most extensive and up-to-date reconstruction available for the regulatory circuitry of this organism. Only ~ 6% (534/9707) are supported by experiments confirming the binding of the transcription factor to the upstream region of the target gene, the so-called “strong” evidence. While for the remaining interactions there is no confirmation of direct binding. To tackle network incompleteness, we performed network inference using several methods (including two proposed here) for motif identification in DNA sequences and GRN inference from transcriptomics. Further, we contrasted the structural properties and functional architecture of the networks to assess the reliability of the predictions, finding the inference from DNA sequence data to be the most trustworthy approach. Finally, we show two applications of the inferred and the curated networks. The inference allowed us to propose novel transcription factors for the keyStreptomycesantibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs). The curated network allowed us to study the conservation of the system-level components betweenS. coelicolorandCorynebacterium glutamicum.There we identified the basal machinery as the common signature between the two organisms. The curated networks were deposited in Abasy Atlas (https://abasy.ccg.unam.mx/) while the inferences are available as Supplementary Material.
Probing the antioxidant activity of functional proteins and bioactive peptides in Hermetia illucens larvae fed with food wastes
Authors: Lu Jiaxin , Guo Yuwen , Muhmood Atif , Zeng Bei , Qiu Yizhan , Wang Pan , Ren Lianhai
Published: February 2022

Food waste is becoming more prevalent, and managing it is one of the most important issues in terms of food safety. In this study, functional proteins and bioactive peptides produced from the enzymatic digestion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) fed with food wastes were characterized and quantified using proteomics-based analysis. The results revealed approximately 78 peptides and 57 proteins, including 40S ribosomal protein S4, 60S ribosomal protein L8, ATP synthase subunit alpha, ribosomal protein S3, Histone H2A, NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase, Fumarate hydratase, RNA helicase, Chitin binding Peritrophin-A, Lectin C-type protein, etc. were found in BSF. Furthermore, functional analysis of the proteins revealed that the 60S ribosomal protein L5 (RpL5) in BSF interacted with a variety of ribosomal proteins and played a key role in the glycolytic process (AT14039p). Higher antioxidant activity was found in peptide sequences such as GYGFGGGAGCLSMDTGAHLNR, VVPSANRAMVGIVAGGGRIDKPILK, AGLQFPVGR, GFKDQIQDVFK, and GFKDQIQDVFK. It was concluded that the bioconversion of food wastes by BSF brought about the generation of a variety of functional proteins and bioactive peptides with strong antioxidant activity. However, more studies are required to exploit BSF's potential in the value addition of food wastes.
Comparative analysis of genome code complexity and manufacturability with engineering benchmarks
Authors: Riolo Joseph , Steckl Andrew J.
Published: February 2022

When knowledge has advanced to a state that includes a predictive understanding of the relationship between genome sequence and organism phenotype it will be possible for future engineers to design and produce synthetic organisms. However, the possibility of synthetic biology does not necessarily guarantee its feasibility, in much the same way that the possibility of a brute force attack fails to ensure the timely breaking of robust encryption. The size and range of natural genomes, from a few million base pairs for bacteria to over 100 billion base pairs for some plants, suggests it is necessary to evaluate the practical limits of designing genomes of similar complexity. This analysis characterizes the complexity of natural genomes, compares them to existing engineering benchmarks, and shows that existing large software programs are on similar scale with the genome of complex natural organisms.
Immune transcriptome analysis of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying the E484K escape mutation identifies a distinct gene module
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Knabl Ludwig , Knabl Ludwig , Wieser Manuel , Mur Anna , Zabernigg August , Schumacher Jana , Kapferer Sebastian , Kaiser Norbert , Furth Priscilla A. , Hennighausen Lothar
Published: February 2022

Fast-spreading variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) energize the COVID-19 pandemic. While viral infections elicit a conserved immune response, it is not known whether SARS-CoV-2 variants, which display enhanced binding to the ACE2 receptor and reduced neutralizing activity by vaccine-elicited antibodies, prompt specific genomic immune responses. To test this, we generated and investigated the transcriptomes in BCs from hospitalized patients infected with either the Alpha variant (n = 36) or with the Alpha variant that had acquired the E484K escape mutation (Alpha+E484K) (n = 13). We identified a gene module preferentially activated in patients infected with the Alpha+E484K variant and in patients infected with the Beta (n = 9) and Gamma (n = 3) variants that also carry by the E484K escape mutation. The E484K signature was enriched for genes preferentially expressed in monocytes and linked to severe viral infection. However, both cohorts had undergone similar treatments and no differences in disease severity were reported suggesting that this signature reflects a variant response and does not necessarily associate with disease outcome. Additionally, longitudinal transcriptome analyses revealed a more persistent retention of immune signatures in Alpha+E484K patients throughout the entire course of COVID-19 disease and convalescence. While the OAS1 Neanderthal mutation has been linked to a milder COVID-19 pathology, we did not identify significant immune transcriptomes differences in the 25 patients homozygous for this mutation. Our study offers insights into distinct molecular immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying the E484K escape mutation throughout the COVID-19 disease.
Long horns protect Hestina japonica butterfly larvae from their natural enemies
Authors: Kandori Ikuo , Hiramatsu Mamoru , Soda Minako , Nakashima Shinya , Funami Shun , Yokoi Tomoyuki , Tsuchihara Kazuko , Papaj Daniel R.
Published: February 2022

Animals sometimes have prominent projections on or near their heads serving diverse functions such as male combat, mate attraction, digging, capturing prey, sensing or defence against predators. Some butterfly larvae possess a pair of long frontal projections; however, the function of those projections is not well known. Hestina japonica butterfly larvae have a pair of long hard projections on their heads (i.e., horns). Here we hypothesized that they use these horns to protect themselves from natural enemies (i.e., predators and parasitoids). Field surveys revealed that the primary natural enemies of H. japonica larvae were Polistes wasps. Cage experiments revealed that larvae with horns intact and larvae with horns removed and fitted with horns of other individuals succeeded in defending themselves against attacks of Polistes wasps significantly more often than larvae with horns removed. We discuss that the horns counter the paper wasps’ hunting strategy of first biting the larvae’s ‘necks’ and note that horns evolved repeatedly only within the Nymphalidae in a phylogeny of the Lepidoptera. This is the first demonstration that arthropods use head projections for physical defence against predators.
New insights on familial colorectal cancer type X syndrome
Authors: Garcia Felipe Antonio de Oliveira , de Andrade Edilene Santos , de Campos Reis Galvão Henrique , da Silva Sábato Cristina , Campacci Natália , de Paula Andre Escremin , Evangelista Adriane Feijó , Santana Iara Viana Vidigal , Melendez Matias Eliseo , Reis Rui Manuel , Palmero Edenir Inez
Published: February 2022

Familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) is a heterogeneous colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome that, although displays a cancer pattern similar to Lynch syndrome, is mismatch repair proficient and does not exhibit microsatellite instability. Besides, its genetic etiology remains to be elucidated. In this study we performed germline exome sequencing of 39 cancer-affected patients from 34 families at risk for FCCTX. Variant classification followed the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified in 17.65% of the families. Rare and potentially pathogenic alterations were identified in known hereditary cancer genes (CHEK2), in putative FCCTX candidate genes (OGG1 and FAN1) and in other cancer-related genes such as ATR, ASXL1, PARK2, SLX4 and TREX1. This study provides novel important clues that can contribute to the understanding of FCCTX genetic basis.
Identification of genomic signatures in bone marrow associated with clinical response of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Shao Lipei , Iyer Avinash , Zhao Yingdong , Somerville Rob , Panch Sandhya , Pelayo Alejandra , Stroncek David F. , Jin Ping
Published: February 2022

CD19 CAR T-cell immunotherapy is a breakthrough treatment for B cell malignancies, but relapse and lack of response remain a challenge. The bone marrow microenvironment is a key factor in therapy resistance, however, little research has been reported concerning the relationship between transcriptomic profile of bone marrow prior to lymphodepleting preconditioning and clinical response following CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Here, we applied comprehensive bioinformatic methods (PCA, GO, GSEA, GSVA, PAM-tools) to identify clinical CD19 CAR T-cell remission-related genomic signatures. In patients achieving a complete response (CR) transcriptomic profiles of bone marrow prior to lymphodepletion showed genes mainly involved in T cell activation. The bone marrow of CR patients also showed a higher activity in early T cell function, chemokine, and interleukin signaling pathways. However, non-responding patients showed higher activity in cell cycle checkpoint pathways. In addition, a 14-gene signature was identified as a remission-marker. Our study indicated the indexes of the bone marrow microenvironment have a close relationship with clinical remission. Enhancing T cell activation pathways (chemokine, interleukin, etc.) in the bone marrow before CAR T-cell infusion may create a pro-inflammatory environment which improves the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy.
Two new Russula species (fungi) from dry dipterocarp forest in Thailand suggest niche specialization to this habitat type
Authors: Wisitrassameewong Komsit , Manz Cathrin , Hampe Felix , Looney Brian P. , Boonpratuang Thitiya , Verbeken Annemieke , Thummarukcharoen Tuksaporn , Apichitnaranon Tanakorn , Pobkwamsuk Maneerat , Caboň Miroslav , Adamčík Slavomír
Published: February 2022

Dry dipterocarp forests are among the most common habitat types in Thailand. Russulaceae are known as common ectomycorrhizal symbionts of Dipterocarpaceae trees in this type of habitat. The present study aims to identify collections of Russula subsection Amoeninae Buyck from dry dipterocarp forests in Thailand. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis placed Thai Amoeninae collections in two novel lineages, and they are described here as R. bellissima sp. nov. and R. luteonana sp. nov. The closest identified relatives of both species were sequestrate species suggesting that they may belong to drought-adapted lineages. An analysis of publicly available ITS sequences in R. subsect. Amoeninae did not confirm evidence of any of the new species occurring in other Asian regions, indicating that dry dipterocarp forests might harbor a novel community of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Macromorphological characters are variable and are not totally reliable for distinguishing the new species from other previously described Asian Amoeninae species. Both new species are defined by a combination of differentiated micromorphological characteristics in spore ornamentation, hymenial cystidia and hyphal terminations in the pileipellis. The new Amoeninae species may correspond to some Russula species collected for consumption in Thailand, and the detailed description of the new species can be used for better identification of edible species and food safety in the region.
Bone quality affects stability of orthodontic miniscrews
Authors: Yu Wan-Ping , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Yu Jian-Hong , Huang Heng-Li , Hsu Jui-Ting
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone–miniscrew contact percentage (BMC%) and bone quality and quantity on orthodontic miniscrew stability and the maximum insertion torque value (ITV). Orthodontic miniscrews of five different dimensions and several bovine iliac bone specimens were used in the evaluation. Miniscrews of each dimension group were inserted into 20 positions in bovine iliac bone specimens. The experiment was divided into three parts: (1) Bone quality and quantity were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microcomputed tomography. (2) The 3D BMC% was calculated. (3) The ITVs during miniscrew insertion were recorded to evaluate the stability of the orthodontic miniscrews. The results indicated that longer and thicker miniscrews enabled higher ITVs. CBCT was used to accurately measure cortical bone thickness (r = 0.939, P < 0.05) and to predict the bone volume fraction of cancellous bone (r = 0.752, P < 0.05). BMC% was significantly influenced by miniscrew length. The contribution of cortical bone thickness to the ITV is greater than that of cancellous bone structure, and the contribution of cortical bone thickness to BMC% is greater than that of cancellous bone structure. Finally, the higher is BMC%, the greater is the ITV. This study concludes that use of CBCT may predict the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews.
Comparing DNA yield from fish scales following different extraction protocols
Authors: Shuttleworth Loraine , Oosthuizen Carel Jakobus
Published: February 2022

Studies on genetic diversity, adaptive potential and fitness of species have become a major tool in conservation biology. These studies require biological material containing a reliable source of DNA which can be extracted and analysed. Recently, non-invasive sampling has become the preferred sampling method of such biological material; particularly when studying endangered species. Elasmoid scales from teleost fish are an example of non-invasive samples from which DNA can successfully be extracted. This study compared different extraction protocols to find an optimal method for extracting DNA from teleost fish scales. This was done with the intent to use the protocol that yielded the highest quantity of DNA on dried, archived scales. The protocols tested in this study included (1) phenol/chloroform with a TNES-urea digestion buffer, (2) phenol/chloroform with an amniocyte digestion buffer and (3) Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit with variations in incubation times and temperatures of each protocol. While the phenol/chloroform with TNES-urea digestion buffer yielded significantly higher concentrations of DNA compared to the other protocols, all protocols followed in this study yielded sufficient quantities of DNA for further downstream applications. Therefore, while there are multiple viable options when selecting a DNA extraction protocol, each research project’s individual needs, requirements and resources need to be carefully considered in order to choose the most effective protocol.
Demirjian and Cameriere methods for age estimation in a Spanish sample of 1386 living subjects
Authors: Melo Maria , Ata-Ali Fadi , Ata-Ali Javier , Martinez Gonzalez José María , Cobo Teresa
Published: February 2022

Currently, human identification is a challenge. Migration due to war, economic crisis or other factors is frequent. The wisdom teeth are the last teeth to initiate and complete development therefore, are fundamental for determining the legal age of majority in different countries. The aim of the study is to determine the validity of two methods based on mineralisation of the third molar to predict the ages of majority of individuals in a Spanish population. Orthopantomographies of 636 men and 750 women (mean age, 16.5 years) were analysed. The Demirjian and Cameriere methods were used, and each tooth was assigned a value according to the degree of mineralisation and maturation. The level of significance used in the analyses was 5% (α = 0.05), with a power of 96.2%. The predictive ability of the Demirjian method to determine 18 years of age in the lower wisdom teeth 93%, respectively. The Cameriere method has a predictive capacity of 88%. There are no statistically significant differences between men and women. Stage H and a cut-off point of 0.08 were the guiding values for determining the age of majority of the study population. For other proposed age ranges (14 and 16 years), both methods were useful in determining the actual age of individuals, with the Demirjian method having a sensitivity of 97.5% with and Cameriere having a predictive capacity of 95%. Both methods can be used with high reliability to determine the age of individuals where reliable documentation is unavailable. Stage H with the Demirjian method and a cut-off point of 0.08 with the Cameriere method can determine the age of majority of the Spanish population. The combination of the two methods does not substantially increase predictive ability.
Quasi-continuous production of highly hyperpolarized carbon-13 contrast agents every 15 seconds within an MRI system
Authors: Schmidt Andreas B. , Zimmermann Mirko , Berner Stephan , de Maissin Henri , Müller Christoph A. , Ivantaev Vladislav , Hennig Jürgen , Elverfeldt Dominik v. , Hövener Jan-Bernd
Published: February 2022

Hyperpolarized contrast agents (HyCAs) have enabled unprecedented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of metabolism and pH in vivo. Producing HyCAs with currently available methods, however, is typically time and cost intensive. Here, we show virtually-continuous production of HyCAs using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), without stand-alone polarizer, but using a system integrated in an MRI instead. Polarization of ≈2% for [1-13C]succinate-d2 or ≈19% for hydroxyethyl-[1-13C]propionate-d3 was created every 15 s, for which fast, effective, and well-synchronized cycling of chemicals and reactions in conjunction with efficient spin-order transfer was key. We addressed these challenges using a dedicated, high-pressure, high-temperature reactor with integrated water-based heating and a setup operated via the MRI pulse program. As PHIP of several biologically relevant HyCAs has recently been described, this Rapid-PHIP technique promises fast preclinical studies, repeated administration or continuous infusion within a single lifetime of the agent, as well as a prolonged window for observation with signal averaging and dynamic monitoring of metabolic alterations.
Acid anion electrolyte effects on platinum for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis
Authors: Kamat Gaurav Ashish , Zamora Zeledón José A. , Gunasooriya G. T. Kasun Kalhara , Dull Samuel M. , Perryman Joseph T. , Nørskov Jens K. , Stevens Michaela Burke , Jaramillo Thomas F.
Published: February 2022

Platinum is an important material with applications in oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. To better understand how its activity can be modulated through electrolyte effects in the double layer microenvironment, herein we investigate the effects of different acid anions on platinum for the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) in pH 1 electrolytes. Experimentally, we see the ORR activity trend of HClO4 > HNO3 > H2SO4, and the OER activity trend of HClO4$$ > $$>HNO3∼ H2SO4. HER/HOR performance is similar across all three electrolytes. Notably, we demonstrate that ORR performance can be improved 4-fold in nitric acid compared to in sulfuric acid. Assessing the potential-dependent role of relative anion competitive adsorption with density functional theory, we calculate unfavorable adsorption on Pt(111) for all the anions at HER/HOR conditions while under ORR/OER conditions$${{{{{\rm{Cl}}}}}}{{{{{{\rm{O}}}}}}}_{4}^{-}$$ClO4−binds the weakest followed by$${{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}{{{{{{\rm{O}}}}}}}_{3}^{-}$$NO3−and$${{{{{\rm{S}}}}}}{{{{{{\rm{O}}}}}}}_{4}^{2-}$$SO42−. Our combined experimental-theoretical work highlights the importance of understanding the role of anions across a large potential range and reveals nitrate-like electrolyte microenvironments as interesting possible sulfonate alternatives to mitigate the catalyst poisoning effects of polymer membranes/ionomers in electrochemical systems. These findings help inform rational design approaches to further enhance catalyst activity via microenvironment engineering.
Nontarget mass spectrometry and in silico molecular characterization of air pollution from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Papazian Stefano , D’Agostino Lisa A. , Sadiktsis Ioannis , Froment Jean , Bonnefille Bénilde , Sdougkou Kalliroi , Xie Hongyu , Athanassiadis Ioannis , Budhavant Krishnakant , Dasari Sanjeev , Andersson August , Gustafsson Örjan , Martin Jonathan W.
Published: February 2022

Fine particulate-matter is an important component of air pollution that impacts health and climate, and which delivers anthropogenic contaminants to remote global regions. The complex composition of organic molecules in atmospheric particulates is poorly constrained, but has important implications for understanding pollutant sources, climate-aerosol interactions, and health risks of air pollution exposure. Here, comprehensive nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry was combined with in silico structural prediction to achieve greater molecular-level insight for fine particulate samples (n = 40) collected at a remote receptor site in the Maldives during January to April 2018. Spectral database matching identified 0.5% of 60,030 molecular features observed, while a conservative computational workflow enabled structural annotation of 17% of organic structures among the remaining molecular dark matter. Compared to clean air from the southern Indian Ocean, molecular structures from highly-polluted regions were dominated by organic nitrogen compounds, many with computed physicochemical properties of high toxicological and climate relevance. We conclude that combining nontarget analysis with computational mass spectrometry can advance molecular-level understanding of the sources and impacts of polluted air.
Collision-assisted stripping for determination of microsolvation-dependent protonation sites in hydrated clusters by cryogenic ion trap infrared spectroscopy: the case of benzocaineH+(H2O)n
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Haddad Fuad , Dopfer Otto , Ishiuchi Shun-ichi , Fujii Masaaki
Published: February 2022

Protonation sites in hydrated clusters can be clearly determined by CAS-IRPD (collision-assisted stripping infrared photodissociation) spectroscopy as shown for the example of hydrated protonated benzocaine.
Mesoporous silica-based abrasion resistant antireflective (AR)-cum-hydrophobic coatings on textured solar cover glasses by a spray coating technique
Authors: Manna Srikrishna , Naskar Milan Kanti , Medda Samar Kumar
Published: February 2022

The present work describes the fabrication of functionalized mesoporous silica based antireflective-cum-hydrophobic coatings on textured solar cover glasses via a spray-coating technique exhibiting enhanced photo-current density.
Designed nanostructures createdviaphysicochemical switching of the growth mode between single crystals and mesocrystals
Authors: Kanazawa Sayako , Oaki Yuya , Imai Hiroaki
Published: February 2022

Hierarchical architectures consisting of iso-oriented fluorapatite microrods and nanograins are constructedviatemporal control of the crystal growth mode by switching a physicochemical parameter.
Comment on “Tolerance factor, phase stability and order–disorder of the pyrochlore structure” by Z. Song and Q. Liu, Inorg. Chem. Front., 2020, 7, 1583
Authors: Nickolsky M. S.
Published: February 2022

The equivalence of the Isupov (1958) and Song & Liu (2020) tolerance factors of the pyrochlore structure is shown.
A Lewis acidity adjustable organic ammonium cation derived robust protecting shield for stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries by inhibiting the tip effect
Authors: Qian Siyi , Zhou Jinqiu , Peng Mingji , Qian Yijun , Meng Yuan , Jiang Yuzhuo , Zeng Xu , Liu Jie , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: February 2022

We explore the effect of organic ammonium cations with different Lewis acidity on the tip effect. Tetraethylammonium cations with medium Lewis acidity can form the most robust protecting shield, thus inhibiting the growth of dendrites.
Dynamic experiment on the treatment of acidic chromium-containing wastewater by lignite loaded nano FeS
Authors: Guo Xuying , Gao Xinle , Fu Saiou , Jiang Guoliang , Dong Yanrong , Hu Zhiyong
Published: February 2022

Based on the good adsorption and reducibility of Cr(vi) of lignite and nano-FeS, the lignite supported nano-FeS adsorption material (nFeS-lignite) was prepared by ultrasonic precipitation method to treat acidic chromium-containing wastewater.
Synthesis of nanoscale CuOviaprecursor method and its application in the catalytic epoxidation of styrene
Authors: Bepari Ruhul Amin , Bharali Palash , Das Birinchi Kumar
Published: February 2022

Nanoscale CuO with diameters in the range of 7–8 nm has been synthesizedviaa two-step precipitation–calcination method using copper(ii) isonicotinate tetrahydrate as the precursor.
Modern advancements in continuous-flow aided kinetic analysis
Authors: Taylor Connor J. , Manson Jamie A. , Clemens Graeme , Taylor Brian A. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Bourne Richard A.
Published: February 2022

Although kinetic analysis has traditionally been conducted in a batch vessel, continuous-flow aided kinetic analysis continues to swell in popularity.
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric trans-selective hydrogenation of 1,3-disubstituted isoquinolines
Authors: Kim Alexia N. , Ngamnithiporn Aurapat , Bartberger Michael D. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: February 2022

trans-Selective asymmetric hydrogenation of 1,3-disubstituted isoquinolines.
Efficient circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence hetero-[4]helicene with carbonyl-/sulfone-bridged triarylamine structures
Authors: Yang Sheng-Yi , Tian Qi-Sheng , Liao Xiang-Ji , Wu Zheng-Guang , Shen Wan-Shan , Yu You-Jun , Feng Zi-Qi , Zheng You-Xuan , Jiang Zuo-Quan , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: February 2022

This work presents the first circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence hetero-[4]helicene with a carbonyl-/sulfone-bridged triarylamine structure (QPO-PhCz), demonstrating circularly polarized light emission through effective intramolecular steric hindrance and intramolecular space charge transfer.
Bismuth with abundant defects for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and Zn–CO2 batteries
Authors: Wang Yuchao , Huang Zisheng , Lei Yongpeng , Wu Jiao , Bai Yu , Zhao Xin , Liu Mengjie , Zhan Longsheng , Tang Shuaihao , Zhang Xiaobin , Luo Fenghua , Xiong Xiang
Published: February 2022

The abundant defects in bismuth boosted the formate selectivity of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Selective hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 over two-dimensional nickel silicate molecular sieves
Authors: Min Hyung-Ki , Min Haehyun , Kweon Sungjoon , Kim Young Woo , Lee Siyeon , Shin Chae-Ho , Park Min Bum , Kang Sung Bong
Published: February 2022

Ni-DML-x catalysts synthesized via single-step hydrothermal treatment showed a volcano-shaped distribution in CO2 methanation with respect to the hydrothermal temperature (x).
Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction in a modified flow cell
Authors: Hung Sung-Fu , Wu Feng-Yi , Lu Yi-Hsuan , Lee Tsung-Ju , Tsai Hsin-Jung , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Lin Zih-Yi , Chen Guan-Lin , Huang Wen-Yang , Zeng Wen-Jing
Published: February 2022

Operando XAS reveals that the copper catalysts undergo a remarkable reduction to the metallic state during CO2RR.
High-throughput single pixel spectral imaging system for glow discharge optical emission spectrometry elemental mapping enabled by compressed sensing
Authors: Gamez Gerardo , She Yue , Rivera Paola , Shi Songyue , Finch Kevin
Published: February 2022

Compressed sensing improves sample throughput by orders of magnitude of GDOES elemental mapping via single-pixel spectral imaging.
Revisiting cyclophanes: experimental characterization and theoretical elucidation of the chain length influence on their structure and reactivity
Authors: Castillo Francisco , Faúndez Rodrigo , Tapia Jorge , Verdugo Camilo , Preite Marcelo , Chávez Ivonne , Manuel-Manriquez Juan , Ortiz Pedro D. , Zarate Ximena , Schott Eduardo
Published: February 2022

[n]Paracyclophanes and dioxa[n]paracyclophanes were theoretically studied and synthesized, and it was found that n = 10 was the best candidate and showed improved yields.
N-doped porous carbons derived from Zn-porphyrin-MOF
Authors: Kim Hyun-Chul , Yoon Jongho , Yoon Sukbin , Kim Youngmee , Lee Suk Joong , Huh Seong
Published: February 2022

The porphyrin-based Zn-MOF is directly carbonized and activated by KOH for the generation of N-doped porous carbons acting as high performance supercapacitor electrode materials.
Sequence and structural variations determining the recruitment of WNK kinases to the KLHL3 E3 ligase
Authors: Chen Zhuoyao , Zhang Jinwei , Murillo-de-Ozores Adrián R. , Castañeda-Bueno María , D'Amico Francesca , Heilig Raphael , Manning Charlotte E. , Sorrell Fiona J. , D'Angiolella Vincenzo , Fischer Roman , Mulder Monique P. C. , Gamba Gerardo , Alessi Dario R. , Bullock Alex N.
Published: February 2022

The BTB-Kelch protein KLHL3 is a Cullin3-dependent E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of kinases WNK1–4 to control blood pressure and cell volume. A crystal structure of KLHL3 has defined its binding to an acidic degron motif containing a PXXP sequence that is strictly conserved in WNK1, WNK2 and WNK4. Mutations in the second proline abrograte the interaction causing the hypertension syndrome pseudohypoaldosteronism type II. WNK3 shows a diverged degron motif containing four amino acid substitutions that remove the PXXP motif raising questions as to the mechanism of its binding. To understand this atypical interaction, we determined the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with a WNK3 peptide. The electron density enabled the complete 11-mer WNK-family degron motif to be traced for the first time revealing several conserved features not captured in previous work, including additional salt bridge and hydrogen bond interactions. Overall, the WNK3 peptide adopted a conserved binding pose except for a subtle shift to accommodate bulkier amino acid substitutions at the binding interface. At the centre, the second proline was substituted by WNK3 Thr541, providing a unique phosphorylatable residue among the WNK-family degrons. Fluorescence polarisation and structural modelling experiments revealed that its phosphorylation would abrogate the KLHL3 interaction similarly to hypertension-causing mutations. Together, these data reveal how the KLHL3 Kelch domain can accommodate the binding of multiple WNK isoforms and highlight a potential regulatory mechanism for the recruitment of WNK3.
Minimal, Maximal, or Multiple: Which Contrastive Intervention Approach to Use With Children With Speech Sound Disorders?
Authors: Storkel Holly L.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This tutorial contrasts a familiar and frequently used speech sound disorder (SSD) intervention approach, conventional minimal pair, with newer but less familiar and less frequently used variants that may be more effective: (a) maximal opposition and (b) multiple oppositions.

Method:

This tutorial provides a general description of each contrastive approach, focusing on the evidence base and a small number of critical elements that define the approach and make it unique from all other approaches. Hypothetical cases are used to illustrate how the approaches can be tailored to child needs and speech-language pathologist (SLP) expertise. Supplemental materials enhance the reader's skill in using these approaches in their practice with a minimal initial investment.

Results:

The reader will be able to identify which children with SSD are appropriate for conventional minimal pair, maximal opposition, or multiple oppositions approaches and will be able to plan intervention (i.e., select target sounds and contrasting words or nonwords, develop intervention activities, write goals, and determine intervention intensity) for each of these approaches.

Conclusions:

This tutorial highlights that using the conventional minimal pair approach should be restricted to children with a small number of errors (i.e., older children or children with mild SSD). There is an opportunity for SLPs to use newer, more efficacious approaches with younger children and children with more severe SSDs. The maximal opposition approach is well suited to children with multiple errors across multiple sound classes. The multiple oppositions approach specifically targets global phoneme collapses that impact intelligibility.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19178783
Development and Usability Testing of a Web-Based Adaptation of the Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation Social Communication Intervention
Authors: Shire Stephanie Y. , Arbuckle Stacy , Bao Wenjing
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Technology-enabled adaptations of efficacious in-person early intervention programs for young children with autism spectrum disorder have the potential to conserve resources while increasing access to specialized educational services. Usability testing of online programs can support participant engagement by aligning program navigation and content presentation with the needs and preferences of the target end users.

Method:

The project includes formative work to develop a technology-enabled adaptation of the evidence-based caregiver-mediated Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation (Kasari et al., 2010) social communication intervention to be delivered by community-based early interventionists and early childhood special educators who are serving families of young children with autism in rural and remote communities. Usability testing included two components: (a) Think Aloud real-time feedback interviews (Davison et al., 1997) and (b) completion of the System Usability Scale (Sauro, 2011). The measures were conducted to explore the stakeholders' interactions with the system.

Results:

Feedback was largely positive indicating that the online materials were straight forward to navigate, the content was valued, visuals enhanced the experience, and multiple methods to access information (e.g., listen or read) were appreciated. Suggestions for improvement included adding further video examples, reducing page scrolling, and making some activities optional (e.g., text boxes, multiple-choice questions).

Conclusions:

Overall, participants smoothly navigated through the pilot materials. Revisions are being implemented to incorporate the participants' feedback.
Ionization of heavy elements and the adiabatic exponent in the solar plasma
Authors: Baturin V. A. , Oreshina A. V. , Däppen W. , Ayukov S. V. , Gorshkov A. B. , Gryaznov V. K. , Iosilevskiy I. L.
Published: February 2022

Context. The adiabatic exponent Γ1 is studied as a thermodynamic quantity in the partially ionized plasma of the solar convection zone.

Aims. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of heavy elements on the Γ1 profile. We calculated Γ1 with the SAHA-S equation of state for different chemical compositions of plasma, and we analyzed contributions of individual elements to Γ1. We attempted to determine the mass fractions of the heavy elements using our analysis of the Γ1 profile.

Methods. We studied the decrease in Γ1 due to the ionization of heavy elements in comparison with the value obtained for a pure hydrogen-helium plasma. These types of differences are denoted as “Z contributions”, and we analyzed them for eight elements (C, N, O, Ne, Mg, S, Si, and Fe) as well as for a mixture of elements corresponding to the solar chemical composition. The contributions of the heavy elements are studied on an adiabat in the lower part of the convection zone, where the influence of hydrogen and helium to the Z contribution is minimal. The Z-contribution profiles are unique for each chemical element. We compared linear combinations of individual Z contributions with the exact Z contribution. Applying a least-squares technique to the decomposition of the full Z contribution to a basis of individual-element contributions, we obtained the mass fractions of the heavy elements.

Results. The Z contribution of heavy elements can be described by a linear combination of individual-element Z contributions with a high level of accuracy of 5 × 10−6. The inverse problem of estimating the mass fractions of heavy elements from a given Γ1 profile was considered for the example of solar-type mixtures. In ideal numerical simulations, the mass fractions of the most abundant elements could be determined with a relative accuracy better than a few tenths of a percent. In the presence of random or systematic errors in the Γ1 profile, abundance estimations become remarkably less accurate, especially due to unknown features of the equations of state. If the amplitude of the errors does not exceed 10−4, we can expect a determination of at least the oxygen abundance with a relative error of about 10%. Otherwise, the results of the method would not be reliable.
Éléments d’intégrité scientifique à considérer pour limiter les manquements dans la recherche en psychologie
Authors: Simion Oriane
Published: February 2022

La notion de consentement interpelle l’opinion publique, le corps médical, les tribunaux, et les chercheurs tentent d’en discerner les contours, le domaine de la recherche n’en étant pas exclu. En psychologie, les études explorent le fonctionnement de l’être humain et ne peuvent être effectuées sans le consentement du participant. Qu’elle soit conduite sur la population générale ou sur des personnes atteintes de troubles spécifiques, la recherche en psychologie doit intégrer la participation de personnes qui sont explicitement consentantes. Nous explorerons, dans cette revue, les spécificités et les obstacles du recrutement impliquant un consentement libre et éclairé en psychologie. Nous aborderons ensuite les éléments d’intégrité scientifique à considérer, afin de limiter les possibles inconduites scientifiques.
Les incitations financières à la réalisation d’objectifs comportementaux liés à la santé
Authors: Crainich David
Published: February 2022

Les programmes octroyant des récompenses pécuniaires aux individus qui parviennent à atteindre un objectif lié à la santé (arrêter de fumer, perdre du poids, etc.) ont pour but de favoriser l’adoption de comportements sains. Si ces dispositifs donnent des résultats encourageants à court terme, leur capacité à provoquer des changements de comportements durables reste à démontrer. L’identification des modalités d’octroi susceptibles de maximiser l’effet incitatif de ces récompenses devrait se fonder sur les connaissances relatives aux attitudes individuelles mises en évidence par l’économie comportementale. Cette dernière ayant montré que les préférences face à des situations de risque varient d’un individu à l’autre, ces mécanismes incitatifs devraient être conçus sur mesure en fonction des préférences individuelles.
Ist Schweigen immer Gold?
Authors: Bossenmayer Jörg
Published: February 2022

Beim Kontakt mit Ermittlungsbehörden stehen Therapeut*innen manchmal vor der schwierigen Frage: Schweigen oder nicht?
Herausforderung Gender und Essstörungen: Essstörung ist nicht (nur) weiblich
Authors: Mangweth-Matzek Barbara
Published: February 2022

Essstörungen werden nach wie vor als typische Frauenerkrankungen gesehen. Diese Einengung verursacht ein Nichtwahrnehmen von männlichen Betroffenen. Inzwischen beschreiben die wissenschaftlichen Daten jedoch klar, dass Männer nicht marginal betroffen sind, sondern dass es auch ähnliche und sogar männerspezifische Charakteristika gibt. Auf der Behandlungsebene sind somit klare Fragestellungen und Empathie wesentliche Handwerkzeuge.
Orthorektisches Ernährungsverhalten – Fallbeispiele und Charakterisierung eines möglichen neuen Störungsbilde
Authors: Barthels Friederike
Published: February 2022

Orthorektisches Ernährungsverhalten wird in den letzten Jahren als weitere Variante der bisher klassifizierten Essstörungen diskutiert. Doch wie äußert sich dieses Phänomen in der Praxis und inwiefern kann es tatsächlich als klinisch relevantes Störungsbild eingeordnet werden? Im Folgenden sollen anhand von Fallbeispielen verschiedene Ausprägungen der Orthorexie charakterisiert sowie der aktuelle Forschungsstand im Überblick dargestellt werden.
Acht Thesen zur Behandlung der Bulimie
Authors: Jäger Burkard
Published: February 2022

Für das Krankheitsbild der Bulimia nervosa sind eigentlich überzeugende ätiologische Modelle verfügbar, daneben gibt es gut evaluierte, störungsspezifische Behandlungsansätze. Dennoch ist gerade bei jungen Psychotherapeut*innen immer wieder große Verunsicherung über die richtige Behandlung spürbar und das bunte Bild der Symptomatik verleitet zu unnötig komplizierten Ursachenvermutungen. Im Folgenden soll die Behandlung der Bulimie thesenartig dargestellt werden.
Essstörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Ergebnisse der BELLA-Kohortenstudie
Authors: Kaman Anne , Napp Ann-Kathrin , Gilbert Martha , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike
Published: February 2022

Essstörungen betreffen immer häufiger auch Kinder und Jugendliche. Die Adoleszenz ist eine kritische Zeit für die Entwicklung von gestörtem Essverhalten und verzerrter Körperwahrnehmung. Gleichzeitig sind Essstörungen in der Adoleszenz oftmals mit schwerwiegenden Folgen im Erwachsenenalter assoziiert. Dieser Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse der BELLA-Kohortenstudie zu Essstörungssymptomen im Kindes- und Jugendalter zusammen.
„Wir sind zu wenig bei den Menschen vor Ort“ – Interview zu lebensweltorientierter Physiotherapie mit Nadia El-Seoud
Authors: Pötting Andrea
Published: February 2022

Es ist bekannt, dass unsere Lebensbedingungen Gesundheit und Lebenserwartung beeinflussen. Doch wie sehr nehmen sich Physiotherapeut*innen dieser Bedingungen an? Nadia El-Seoud fragt sich, was Physiotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten tun können, um zu gesundheitlicher Chancengleichheit beizutragen.
Wie halten wir unser Fachwissen aktuell? – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: February 2022

Physiotherapeutin und Gesundheitswissenschaftlerin Caroline Stumm befragte medizinische Fachkräfte aus der Neurorehabilitation, wie sie ihr Fachwissen aktuell halten. Dabei fand sie heraus, dass diese vor allem Fachzeitschriften nutzen.
Rational oder spontan? – Denk- und Bewertungssysteme
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: February 2022

Wir denken pausenlos, egal, ob schnell oder langsam. Um schnell zu entscheiden, ist der Strudelwurm eine feine Sache. Er hilft uns, rasch Antworten zu finden, oft die richtigen, aber leider nicht immer. Lesen Sie in diesem ersten Teil der Geschichte vom Strudelwurm mehr über Denk- und Bewertungssysteme.
Roter Teppich für Ihre Website – Fünf Schritte zum optimalen Internetauftritt
Authors: Gräfe Ann-Kathrin
Published: February 2022

Auf einer benutzerfreundlichen Website finden potenzielle Patient*innen auf Anhieb die Informationen, nach denen sie suchen. Wie gelingt eine solche Website?