bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative childhood experiences alter a prefrontal‐insular‐motor cortical network in healthy adults: A preliminary multimodal rsfMRI‐fMRI‐MRS‐dMRI study
Authors: Duncan Niall W. , Hayes Dave J. , Wiebking Christine , Tiret Brice , Pietruska Karin , Chen David Q. , Rainville Pierre , Marjańska Małgorzata , Ayad Omar , Doyon Julien , Hodaie Mojgan , Northoff Georg
Published: August 2015

Research in humans and animals has shown that negative childhood experiences (NCE) can have long‐term effects on the structure and function of the brain. Alterations have been noted in grey and white matter, in the brain's resting state, on the glutamatergic system, and on neural and behavioural responses to aversive stimuli. These effects can be linked to psychiatric disorder such as depression and anxiety disorders that are influenced by excessive exposure to early life stressors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of NCEs on these systems. Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), aversion task fMRI, glutamate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) were combined with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in healthy subjects to examine the impact of NCEs on the brain. Low CTQ scores, a measure of NCEs, were related to higher resting state glutamate levels and higher resting state entropy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). CTQ scores, mPFC glutamate and entropy, correlated with neural BOLD responses to the anticipation of aversive stimuli in regions throughout the aversion‐related network, with strong correlations between all measures in the motor cortex and left insula. Structural connectivity strength, measured using mean fractional anisotropy, between the mPFC and left insula correlated to aversion‐related signal changes in the motor cortex. These findings highlight the impact of NCEs on multiple inter‐related brain systems. In particular, they highlight the role of a prefrontal‐insular‐motor cortical network in the processing and responsivity to aversive stimuli and its potential adaptability by NCEs. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4622–4637, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oncologic safety of facial artery myomucosal flaps in oral cavity reconstruction
Authors: Ferrari Silvano , Ferri Andrea , Bianchi Bernardo , Varazzani Andrea , Giovacchini Francesco , Sesenna Enrico
Published: August 2015

Background

Buccinator myomucosal flaps are routinely used for oral cavity reconstruction and are indicated mainly in patients classified as having stage N0 cancer. This purpose of this study was to investigate whether preservation of the vascular pedicle of the flap (facial artery and vein) during stadiative neck dissection alters the oncologic safety in these patients.

Methods

Fifty patients underwent resection of T1 to 3, N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue or floor of the mouth, stadiative neck dissection, and reconstruction with a facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap were retrospectively analyzed concerning rate of occult neck metastasis and recurrences.

Results

Occult metastasis was detected in 10 patients. Mean follow‐up was 41 months. The overall survival rate was 88%, and the disease‐specific survival rate was 92%.

Conclusion

Neck dissection with preservation of the facial artery and vein does not alter the rate of regional recurrences, confirming the oncologic safety of myomucosal flaps in oral cavity reconstruction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1200–E1202, 2016
Age differences in hippocampal subfield volumes from childhood to late adulthood
Authors: Daugherty Ana M. , Bender Andrew R. , Raz Naftali , Ofen Noa
Published: August 2015

The hippocampus is composed of distinct subfields: the four cornu ammonis areas (CA1‐CA4), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum. The few in vivo studies of human hippocampal subfields suggest that the extent of age differences in volume varies across subfields during healthy childhood development and aging. However, the associations between age and subfield volumes across the entire lifespan are unknown. Here, we used a high‐resolution imaging technique and manually measured hippocampal subfield and entorhinal cortex volumes in a healthy lifespan sample (N = 202), ages 8–82 yrs. The magnitude of age differences in volume varied among the regions. Combined CA1‐2 volume evidenced a negative linear association with age. In contrast, the associations between age and volumes of CA3‐DG and the entorhinal cortex were negative in mid‐childhood and attenuated in later adulthood. Volume of the subiculum was unrelated to age. The different magnitudes and patterns of age differences in subfield volumes may reflect dynamic microstructural factors and have implications for cognitive functions across the lifespan. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in the United States Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Hamadeh Issam S , Song Shuang , Katz Joseph , Moreb Jan S , Langaee Taimour Y , Lesko Lawrence J , Gong Yan
Published: August 2015

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a serious adverse drug event that was initially reported with intravenous bisphosphonates (BPs) and more recently with other classes of drugs such as receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, antiangiogenic agents, and mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ONJ cases and the associated drugs in the US Food and Drug Administration's adverse event reporting system (FAERS). The FAERS database was queried for the adverse drug events reported from the first quarter of 2010 to the first quarter of 2014. The reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each queried drug. A total of 17,119 unique ONJ cases were identified. In the overall analysis, the drugs with the highest reporting ORs were BPs: pamidronate (OR = 498.9), zoledronate (OR = 171.7), and alendronate (OR = 63.6), whereas denosumab had lower ORs than all the BPs except for etidronate. The antiangiogenic and m-TOR inhibitors had the lowest ORs. In cancer patients who were treated for prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs), the reporting ORs for zoledronate and denosumab were 125.2 and 4.9, respectively. In patients with osteoporosis, the ORs were 1.1 (1.0–1.18) for zoledronate and 0.63 (0.56–0.70) for denosumab, respectively. Our analysis of the FAERS database showed that the intravenous BPs were associated with the highest risk for ONJ, RANKL inhibitor was associated with risk comparable to BPs used for osteoporosis such as etidronate, and the antiangiogenic agents and m-TOR inhibitors were associated with the lowest risk for ONJ. The high risk for ONJ with zoledronate and denosumab was mainly observed in those who were treated for prevention of SREs, whereas there was limited evidence for such risk in those who were treated for osteoporosis. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hall‐Type Results for 3‐Connected Projective Graphs
Authors: Ding Guoli , Iverson Perry
Published: August 2015

Projective planar graphs can be characterized by a set of 35 excluded minors. However, these 35 are not equally important. A set of 3‐connected members of is excludable if there are only finitely many 3‐connected nonprojective planar graphs that do not contain any graph in as a minor. In this article, we show that there are precisely two minimal excludable sets, which have sizes 19 and 20, respectively.
Evaluation of baseline corrected QT interval and azithromycin prescriptions in an academic medical center
Authors: Lee Rachael A. , Guyton Allison , Kunz Danielle , Cutter Gary R. , Hoesley Craig J.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Azithromycin is used in the inpatient setting for a variety of conditions. In 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration released a warning regarding risk for corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and subsequent arrhythmias. Knowledge of inpatient prescribing patterns of QTc prolonging medications with respect to patient risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events can help recognize safe use in light of these new warnings.

OBJECTIVE

To assess inpatient prescribing patterns, risk factors for QTc prolongation, and relationship between drug‐drug interactions and cardiac monitoring in patients receiving azithromycin.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

PARTICIPANTS

One hundred inpatients ≥ 19 years of age were randomly selected from 1610 patient encounters between October 2012 and April 2013 who were administered at least 1 dose of azithromycin.

MEASUREMENTS

Length of stay, reason for use, therapy duration, and concomitant medications were recorded. Telemetry charges and baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) prior to administration were assessed.

RESULTS

Seventy‐nine percent of azithromycin use was empiric. Sixty‐five percent of patients received a baseline ECG prior to prescribing azithromycin, of which 60% had borderline or abnormal QTc prolongation. Seventy‐six percent of patients were prescribed 2 or more QTc prolonging medications, of which there were more abnormal ECGs at baseline (P = 0.03) despite having telemetry ordered less than half of the time.

CONCLUSIONS

In a cohort of hospitalized patients, azithromycin was prescribed despite risk factors for QTc prolongation and administration of interacting medications. Selection of azithromycin by providers appears to be independent from these risk factors, and education and vigilance to drug‐drug interactions may be useful in limiting cardiac events with prescribing azithromycin. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:15–20. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Subtype distribution of Hepatitis C virus in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Qi Yinle , Chen Qianqian , Hao Fangyuan , Wan Zhenzhou , Guo Hongxiong , Lu Renfei , Mao Lingxiang , Du Hong , Lu Jian , Zhang Chiyu
Published: August 2015

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution varied by regions and transmission modes. In this study, we investigated HCV genotype distribution in five cities of Jiangsu, China, all of which are located in the Yangtze River Delta Region. A total of 363 samples were collected during 2011–2012. C/E2 and NS5B fragments of HCV were amplified using a multiple RT‐nested PCR strategy and subjected to sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed for HCV genotyping. Among 106 PCR positive cases, HCV subtypes 1a (0.9%), 1b (61.3%), 2a (15.1%), 3a (4.7%), 3b (9.4%), 6a (6.6%), and 6n (1.9%) were detected. Together with our previous data, we found that HCV subtypes were more among injection drug users (IDUs) (nine) than among general population (GP) (six), and the most common subtype among GP was 1b (73.9%), followed by 2a (14.5%), while the top four common subtypes among IDUs were 3a, 1b, 3b, and 6a, with similar prevalence rates (24.4%, 22.7%, 20.9%, and 17.4%, respectively). There were nine HCV subtypes prevalent among IDUs in Jiangsu, more than those in Xinjiang, Hubei, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hong Kong. The top four common subtypes among IDUs in Jiangsu covered all the two most common HCV subtypes (except 6n subtype) observed in six targeted provinces/region. These results suggested that Jiangsu may be an important gathering place for various HCV subtypes and the gathering may be involved in the large scale of population migration from other regions of China to Eastern China. J. Med. Virol. 88:498–505, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial Assessment of Land Degradation Risk for the Okavango River Catchment, Southern Africa
Authors: Weinzierl Thomas , Wehberg Jan , Böhner Jürgen , Conrad Olaf
Published: August 2015

The Okavango catchment in southern Africa is subject to environmental as well as socio‐economic transformation processes such as population growth and climate change. The degradation of soil and vegetation by deforestation and overgrazing is one of the downsides of this development, reducing the capacity of the land to provide ecosystem functions and services. In this study, climate simulations are brought together with secondary socioeconomic, pedologic and remote‐sensing data in a GIS‐based assessment of the factors commonly associated with land degradation risk. A high resolution overview is provided for decision‐makers and stakeholders in the region by identifying priority intervention areas where a long‐term decline in ecosystem function and land productivity is most likely to occur. The approach combines 19 risk factors into seven individual ratings for topography, landcover, soil, demography, infrastructure, livestock pressure and climate. These ratings are then weighted and combined into an integrated degradation risk index (DRI). The results show that the land degradation risk is quite heterogeneously distributed in the study area and caused by different factors. Three hot‐spots are identified and compared, one of which is in the far northwestern part of the catchment, one around the local center Rundu and one on the outskirts of the Okavango Delta. We conclude that the approach is suitable to give an overview on degradation risk in the study area, although the classification process is a crucial procedure that should be standardized for further research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forcing a set model of + Harrington's Principle
Authors: Cheng Yong
Published: August 2015

Let denote third order arithmetic. Let Harrington's Principle, , denote the statement that there is a real x such that every x‐admissible ordinal is a cardinal in . In this paper, assuming there exists a remarkable cardinal with a weakly inaccessible cardinal above it, we force a set model of via set forcing without reshaping.
Digraph parameters and finite set arithmetic
Authors: Kirby Laurence
Published: August 2015

Each hereditarily finite set is associated with a unique extensional acyclic digraph. Three parameters, indicating the size or richness of a set, are associated with its digraph: the cardinality of the set, and the numbers of nodes and of edges in the digraph. We study the effects on these parameters of the operations of the ordinal arithmetic of sets.
Many symmetrically indivisible structures
Authors: Meir Nadav
Published: August 2015

A structure in a first‐order language is indivisible if for every colouring of its universe M in two colours, there is a monochromatic such that . Additionally, we say that is symmetrically indivisible if can be chosen to be symmetrically embedded in (that is, every automorphism of can be extended to an automorphism of ). In the following paper we give a general method for constructing new symmetrically indivisible structures out of existing ones. Using this method, we construct many non‐isomorphic symmetrically indivisible countable structures in given (elementary) classes and answer negatively the following question from : Let be a symmetrically indivisible structure in a language . Let . Is symmetrically indivisible?
NMR spectral properties of the tetramantanes – nanometer‐sized diamondoids
Authors: Balaban Alexandru T. , Young Donald C. , Plavec Janez , Pečnik Klemen , Pompe Matevž , Dahl Jeremy E. , Carlson Robert M. K.
Published: August 2015

Tetramantanes, and all diamondoid hydrocarbons, possess carbon frameworks that are superimposable upon the cubic diamond lattice. This characteristic is invaluable in assigning their 1H and 13C NMR spectra because it translates into repeating structural features, such as diamond‐cage isobutyl moieties with distinctively complex methine to methylene signatures in COSY and HMBC data, connected to variable, but systematic linkages of methine and quaternary carbons. In all tetramantane C22H28 isomers, diamond‐lattice structures result in long‐range 4JHH, W‐coupling in COSY data, except where negated by symmetry; there are two highly symmetrical and one chiral tetramantane (showing seven 4JHH). Isobutyl‐cage methines of lower diamondoids and tetramantanes are the most shielded resonances in their 13C spectra (<29.5 ppm). The isobutyl methylenes are bonded to additional methines and at least one quaternary carbon in the tetramantanes. W‐couplings between these methines and methylenes clarify spin‐network interconnections and detailed surface hydrogen stereochemistry. Vicinal couplings of the isobutyl methylenes reveal positions of the quaternary carbons: HMBC data then tie the more remote spin systems together. Diamondoid 13C NMR chemical shifts are largely determined by α and β effects, however γ‐shielding effects are important in [123]tetramantane. 1H NMR chemical shifts generally correlate with numbers of 1,3‐diaxial H–H interactions. Tight van der Waals contacts within [123]tetramantane's molecular groove, however, form improper hydrogen bonds, deshielding hydrogen nuclei inside the groove, while shielding those outside, indicated by Δδ of 1.47 ppm for geminal hydrogens bonded to C‐3,21. These findings should be valuable in future NMR studies of diamondoids/nanodiamonds of increasing size. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and convergence of Galerkin approximation for second order hyperbolic equations with memory term
Authors: Saedpanah Fardin
Published: August 2015

We study a second order hyperbolic initial‐boundary value partial differential equation (PDE) with memory that results in an integro‐differential equation with a convolution kernel. The kernel is assumed to be either smooth or no worse than weakly singular, that arise for example, in linear and fractional order viscoelasticity. Existence and uniqueness of the spatial local and global Galerkin approximation of the problem is proved by means of Picard's iteration. Then, spatial finite element approximation of the problem is formulated, and optimal order a priori estimates are proved by the energy method. The required regularity of the solution, for the optimal order of convergence, is the same as minimum regularity of the solution for second order hyperbolic PDEs. Spatial rate of convergence of the finite element approximation is illustrated by a numerical example. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 548–563, 2016
Domain glasses: Twin planes, Bloch lines, and Bloch points
Authors: Salje E. K. H. , Carpenter M. A.
Published: August 2015

Ferroelastic materials can develop complex domain structures, which have properties of glassy systems (non‐ergodicity, glass dynamics, glass transitions, and freezing). Four characteristic temperatures are defined for such domain glasses: the dynamical nucleation temperature Td where local correlated clusters can form glass states within a (tweed‐) nano structure, To the Vogel–Fulcher temperature of these precursor nano‐structures, Tpt the phase transition temperature where the (ferroelastic) transition occurs, and TK the Kauzmann temperature where the complex domain structure freezes. Td exists in most ferroelastic materials whereas the other transitions depend on the complexity of the domain patterns and hence on their thermal history. Shear collapse and rapid thermal quench of ferroelastic crystals preferentially lead to domain glasses whereas slow anneal produces mostly highly correlated pattern such as stripe patterns or single domain crystals. Domain glasses are compared with structural glasses and several examples for domain glass features are discussed.
Sample size calculation for meta‐epidemiological studies
Authors: Giraudeau Bruno , Higgins Julian P.T. , Tavernier Elsa , Trinquart Ludovic
Published: August 2015

Meta‐epidemiological studies are used to compare treatment effect estimates between randomized clinical trials with and without a characteristic of interest. To our knowledge, there is presently nothing to help researchers to a priori specify the required number of meta‐analyses to be included in a meta‐epidemiological study. We derived a theoretical power function and sample size formula in the framework of a hierarchical model that allows for variation in the impact of the characteristic between trials within a meta‐analysis and between meta‐analyses. A simulation study revealed that the theoretical function overestimated power (because of the assumption of equal weights for each trial within and between meta‐analyses). We also propose a simulation approach that allows for relaxing the constraints used in the theoretical approach and is more accurate. We illustrate that the two variables that mostly influence power are the number of trials per meta‐analysis and the proportion of trials with the characteristic of interest. We derived a closed‐form power function and sample size formula for estimating the impact of trial characteristics in meta‐epidemiological studies. Our analytical results can be used as a ‘rule of thumb’ for sample size calculation for a meta‐epidemiologic study. A more accurate sample size can be derived with a simulation study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic reasoning in diagnosing causes of program failures
Authors: Xu Junjie , Chen Rong , Du Zhenjun
Published: August 2015

Fault localization is sensitive to program runs, and the pattern of fault propagation and manifestation in real software is extremely complex and uncertain. To accommodate the complexity and uncertainty, this paper presents a novel probabilistic graph model – the probabilistic cause–effect graph (PCEG) is built upon dynamic dependencies generated from running the faulty program against failed test cases and performs probabilistic inference with coverage information from the whole test suite. PCEG is an extension of the traditional probabilistic graph both in structural and inferential terms and is different from earlier probabilistic approaches to software diagnosis by introducing two forms of evidences (i.e. apparent faults and real faults). The proposed probabilistic reasoning algorithm works on the PCEG converted from a dynamic program dependency graph and diagnoses the causes with both top‐down and bottom‐up inference. The experimental results have shown the improvements on diagnostic effectiveness and accuracy in both single‐fault and multiple‐fault context, even when a program yields similar program runs through loop statements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arene and Hydride Complexes of Ruthenium with fac PSiP Pincer Ligands
Authors: Bernal María J. , Martín Marta , Sola Eduardo
Published: August 2015

Several derivatives of the dinuclear complex [Ru(μ‐Cl){κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}]2 (1) are described. The mononuclear cationic arene complex [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}(η6‐C6H6)](CF3SO3) (5), the phosphane adduct [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}Cl(PPh3)] (2), and the hydride‐bridged dinuclear derivatives [Ru2(μ‐Cl)(μ‐H){κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}2] (6) and [Ru2(μ‐H){κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}]2 (7) retain the fac coordination mode of the κP, P,Si ligand present in the precursor complex. In contrast, the neutral and cationic acetonitrile derivatives [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}Cl(NCMe)2] (3) and [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}(NCMe)3](CF3SO3) (4), respectively, show the PSiP pincer coordinated in the more usual mer fashion. Crystal structures determined by X‐ray diffraction are shown for complexes 5, 6, and 7. The factors that influence the choice of coordination mode for the PSiP ligand are discussed.
A novel link between FMR gene and the JNK pathway provides clues to possible role in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Srivastava Ajay
Published: August 2015

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive form of thoracic cancer with poor prognosis. While some studies have identified the molecular alterations associated with MPM, little is known about their role in MPM. For example, fragile X mental retardation (FMR) gene is up‐regulated in MPM but its role in MPM is unknown. Here, utilizingDrosophila genetics, I investigate the possible roleFMR may be playing in MPM. I provide evidence which suggests that FMR may contribute to tumorigenesis by up‐regulating a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and by degrading the basement membrane (BM), both important for tumor metastasis. I also demonstrate a novel link between FMR and the JNK pathway and suggest that the effects of FMR in MPM could in part be mediated by up‐regulation of the JNK pathway.
Towards Measuring Community Understanding of Traumatic Brain Injury: The Structure and Potential Utility of the Head Injury Knowledge Scale
Authors: Thomas Matt , Jobse Emily
Published: August 2015

Background and aims: International research has shown the public hold various misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, relatively little has been done towards developing appropriate measures of public knowledge of TBI. The Head Injury Knowledge Scale (HIKS, Ono, Ownsworth, & Walters, 2011) is a newly developed measure of misconceptions and expectations about the effects of TBI. Additional investigation of its psychometric properties appeared warranted. The aims of this further preliminary study were to examine the factor structure of the HIKS and the relationship between psychosocial variables and factor scores.

Method: A convenience sample comprising 167 adults, of whom 65% were females, responded to an online survey including the HIKS. The two-factor HIKS structure was tested using confirmatory factor analyses and the relationships between psychosocial variables and the HIKS factors were investigated.

Results: A good fit was found for the structure of the HIKS. All items loaded adequately onto the HIKS Over-generalisation and Minimisation factors and their internal consistencies were good. Significant differences between gender groups and for level of education were observed on the HIKS Over-generalisation scale, suggesting various groups in the community may have differing levels of knowledge of TBI.

Conclusion: This study confirmed the robustness of the HIKS factor structure. The HIKS is likely to be an important measure of community understanding of TBI in future research.
Large Nosocomial Outbreak Associated with a Norwegian Scabies Index Case Undergoing TNF-α Inhibitor Treatment: Management and Control
Authors: Belvisi Valeria , Orsi Giovanni Battista , Del Borgo Cosmo , Fabietti Paolo , Ianari Adriana , Albertoni Francesco , Porcelli Patricia , Potenza Concetta , Mastroianni Claudio Maria
Published: August 2015

We describe a large outbreak associated with a crusted (Norwegian) scabies case in an immunocompromised patient following treatment with TNF-α inhibitor (adalimumab) for psoriasis arthritis. The increasing use of TNF-α inhibitors should induce clinicians to consider this serious parasitic infection when evaluating skin rashes in patients receiving biologic therapies.

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(11):1358–1360
Mass transfer effects on linear wave propagation in diluted bubbly liquids
Authors: Fuster D. , Montel F.
Published: August 2015

In this article we investigate the importance of mass transfer effects in the effective acoustic properties of diluted bubbly liquids. The classical theory for wave propagation in bubbly liquids for pure gas bubbles is extended to capture the influence of mass transfer on the effective phase speed and attenuation of the system. The vaporization flux is shown to be important for systems close to saturation conditions and at low frequencies. We derive a general expression for the transfer function that relates bubble radius and pressure changes, solving the linear version of the conservation equations inside, outside and at the bubble interface. Simplified expressions for various limiting situations are derived in order to get further insight about the validity of the common assumptions typically applied in bubble dynamic models. The relevance of the vapour content, the mass transfer flux across the interface and the effect of variations of the bubble interface temperature is discussed in terms of characteristic non-dimensional numbers. Finally we derive the various conditions that must be satisfied in order to reach the low-frequency limit solutions where the phase speed no longer depends on the forcing frequency.
Two-dimensional water waves in the presence of a freely floating body: trapped modes and conditions for their absence
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay
Published: August 2015

The coupled motion is investigated for a mechanical system consisting of water and a body freely floating in it. Water occupies either a half-space or a layer of constant depth into which an infinitely long surface-piercing cylinder is immersed, thus allowing us to study two-dimensional modes. Under the assumption that the motion is of small amplitude near equilibrium, a linear setting is applicable, and for the time-harmonic oscillations it reduces to a spectral problem with the frequency of oscillations as the spectral parameter. Within this framework, it is shown that the total energy of the water motion is finite and the equipartition of energy holds for the whole system. On this basis two results are obtained. First, the so-called semi-inverse procedure is applied for the construction of a family of two-dimensional bodies trapping the heave mode. Second, it is proved that no wave modes can be trapped provided that their frequencies exceed a bound depending on the cylinder properties, whereas its geometry is subject to some restrictions and, in some cases, certain restrictions are imposed on the type of mode.
Conditions of Intensive Evaporation of Heterogeneous Water Droplet in High Temperature Gas Environment
Authors: Vysokomornaya O. V. , Kuznetsov G. V. , Strizhak P. A.
Published: August 2015

The results of a numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during evaporation of a water droplet with solid inclusion in air at temperature as high as 1000K are presented. Typical heating steps of droplet until it reaches the conditions of intensive evaporation (i.e.the interface “solid inclusion – liquid” reaches the boiling temperature) are described. The roles played by the external air temperature and by the main properties of inclusion are detailed. The droplet size, the relation between the sizes of inclusion and a liquid layer during the heating up is determined. The necessary and sufficient conditions of intensive evaporation in the system “water droplet with solid inclusion in high-temperature air” are pointed out.
Transformation Media in Acoustics with Constant Bulk Modulus or Constant Density Tensor
Authors: Tsai Y.-L. , Chen T.
Published: August 2015

This work is to present a formulation of cloaking or concentrating device in acoustics in which the transformed material could be either having uniform bulk modulus or having homogeneous density tensor. The transformed material parameters, depending on the mapping of physical and virtual coordinates, are often position-varying and anisotropic. This often adds substantial complexity in practical implementation. Here we present a theoretical algorithm that allows us to design a transformation field that could have either uniform bulk modulus or constant density tensor. For cloaking devices with constant bulk modulus, analytical and numerical results are presented for circular as well as for non-circular cloaking devices. Specifically, elliptical and twin-cloak devices are exemplified. To achieve the effect of constant density tensor, we consider only circular geometry. Devices with cloaking or concentrating effects can be exactly formulated. We note, however, that it seems unlikely at this moment to have a transformation device that has constant bulk modulus and constant density tensor at the same time. Nevertheless, we remark the present results are of still sufficient merit in that the uniform material parameters, in either set of material parameters, indeed greatly simplify the practice in real implementations.
Liberation of Specific Angular Momentum Through Radiation and Scattering in Relativistic Black-Hole Accretion Disks
Authors: Stevens Adam R. H.
Published: August 2015

A key component of explaining the array of galaxies observed in the Universe is the feedback of active galactic nuclei, each powered by a massive black hole’s accretion disk. For accretion to occur, angular momentum must be lost by that which is accreted. Electromagnetic radiation must offer some respite in this regard, the contribution for which is quantified in this paper, using solely general relativity, under the thin-disk regime. Herein, I calculate extremised situations where photons are entirely responsible for energy removal in the disk and then extend and relate this to the standard relativistic accretion disk outlined by Novikov & Thorne, which includes internal angular-momentum transport. While there is potential for the contribution of angular-momentum removal from photons to be ≳ 1% out to ~ 104 Schwarzschild radii if the disk is irradiated and maximally liberated of angular momentum through inverse Compton scattering, it is more likely of order 102 Schwarzschild radii if thermal emission from the disk itself is stronger. The effect of radiation/scattering is stronger near the horizons of fast-spinning black holes, but, ultimately, other mechanisms must drive angular-momentum liberation/transport in accretion disks.
QUASICONFORMAL SOLUTIONS OF POISSON EQUATIONS
Authors: LI PEIJIN , CHEN JIAOLONG , WANG XIANTAO
Published: August 2015

The main aim of this paper is to establish the Lipschitz continuity of the $(K,K^{\prime })$-quasiconformal solutions of the Poisson equation ${\rm\Delta}w=g$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$.
A SHARP VERSION OF BONSALL’S INEQUALITY
Authors: PEACHEY T. C.
Published: August 2015

The best possible constant in a classical inequality due to Bonsall is established by relating that inequality to Young’s. Further, this extends the range of Bonsall’s inequality and yields a reverse inequality. It also provides a better constant in an inequality of Hardy, Littlewood and Pólya.
High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats
Authors: Chaumontet Catherine , Even Patrick C. , Schwarz Jessica , Simonin-Foucault Angélique , Piedcoq Julien , Fromentin Gilles , Azzout-Marniche Dalila , Tomé Daniel
Published: August 2015

High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. Taken together, these results suggest that high-protein diets may reduce adiposity by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating ketogenesis in the liver.
Handmade by Poverty: Worker Correspondence, Objectivist Poetics and the Pathos of the Readymade
Authors: COOPER SIMON
Published: August 2015

Worker correspondence was a form of found poetry employed by radical left writers during the 1930s. Readers' letters to publications such as New Masses and the Daily Worker were reworked with end stops and presented as free verse. This essay examines the practice of worker correspondence as a form of readymade, a consciously avant-gardist collision of politics and “high” culture. This examination is put forward as a reflection on current thinking on the literary left of the Depression decade and – along the way – suggests points of contact with the Objectivist poetics of George Oppen, Louis Zukofsky and Charles Reznikoff.
PREVALENCE OF CHILD MARRIAGE AMONG BANGLADESHI WOMEN AND TREND OF CHANGE OVER TIME
Authors: Hossain Md. Golam , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Saw Aik
Published: August 2015

Many Bangladeshi women marry early, and many marry before the legal age of 18 years. This practice has been associated with a higher risk of health and medical morbidities, and also early pregnancy with higher pre- and postnatal complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and factors associated with, child marriage among Bangladeshi women using multiple binary logistic regression analysis of data from the BDHS-2011. Further analysis on the trend of age at first marriage was performed with additional data sets from previous surveys. The mean and median of ages at first marriage of Bangladeshi women in 2011 were 15.69±2.97 and 15.00 years, respectively. A remarkably high percentage (78.2%) married before the age of 18; of these, 5.5% married at a very early age (before 13 years of age). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that uneducated women were more likely to be married early (p<0.001) than those with secondary and higher education. Child marriage was especially pronounced among women with uneducated husbands, Muslims, those with poor economic backgrounds and those living in rural areas. Further analysis including data from previous BDHS surveys showed that child marriage among Bangladeshi women had a decreasing trend from 1993–94 to 2011. These results show that child marriage was very common in Bangladesh, and closely associated with low level of education and low economic status. The decreasing trend in child marriage indicates an improvement over the past two decades but more effort is needed to further reduce and eventually eliminate the practice.
British Rule and Tribal Revolts in India: The curious case of Bastar
Authors: VERGHESE AJAY
Published: August 2015

British colonial rule in India precipitated a period of intense rebellion among the country's indigenous groups. Most tribal conflicts occurred in the British provinces, and many historians have documented how a host of colonial policies gave rise to widespread rural unrest and violence. In the post-independence period, many of the colonial-era policies that had caused revolt were not reformed, and tribal conflict continued in the form of the Naxalite insurgency. This article considers why the princely state of Bastar has continuously been a major centre of tribal conflict in India. Why has this small and remote kingdom, which never came under direct British rule, suffered so much bloodshed? Using extensive archival material, this article highlights two key findings: first, that Bastar experienced high levels of British intervention during the colonial period, which constituted the primary cause of tribal violence in the state; and second, that the post-independence Indian government has not reformed colonial policies in this region, ensuring a continuation and escalation of tribal conflict through the modern Naxalite movement.
A bilingual advantage in task switching? Age-related differences between German monolinguals and Dutch-Frisian bilinguals
Authors: HOUTZAGER NIENKE , LOWIE WANDER , SPRENGER SIMONE , DE BOT KEES
Published: August 2015

This study investigated whether lifelong bilingualism can be associated with enhanced executive control, particularly mental flexibility, and with a modulation of an age-related decline in these functions. We compared performance of middle-aged and elderly speakers of German and bilingual speakers of Dutch and Frisian in a cued task-switching paradigm. All bilinguals were fluent in the same, closely-related language pairs. Bilinguals incurred significantly lower switching costs than monolinguals, and elderly bilinguals were less affected by an age-related increase in switching costs than monolinguals. Bilinguals did not differ from monolinguals in the size of the mixing costs. Our findings suggest that lifelong bilingualism correlates with enhanced ability to shift between mental sets, as well as increased resistance to proactive interference. The fact that we found significant group differences – while some previous studies did not – may be attributable to the choice of our task and to the cognateness of the languages involved.
Numerous Iron-Rich Particles Lie on the Surface of Erionite Fibers from Rome (Oregon, USA) and Karlik (Cappadocia, Turkey)
Authors: Croce Alessandro , Allegrina Mario , Rinaudo Caterina , Gaudino Giovanni , Yang Haining , Carbone Michele
Published: August 2015

Erionite samples from Rome, Oregon (USA) and Karlik, Cappadocia (Turkey) were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to verify the chemical composition of this mineral phase, and the presence of iron in particular. By means of backscattered electron images, a large number of particles/grains were observed on the surface of the erionite fibers from both locations. The particles were found to be micrometric on samples from Rome and submicrometric on samples from Karlik, and always lighter than the hosting crystal in appearance. In different areas of the same fiber or bundle of fibers, several EDS spectra were recorded. Iron was detected only when a light particle was lying in the path of the electron beam. Iron was never identified in the EDS spectra acquired on the flat erionite surface. The results from E-SEM/EDS were confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy, showing bands ascribing to hematite—Fe2O3, goethite—FeO(OH), or jarosite—KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 when the laser beam was addressed on the light particles observed on the fiber surface. The evidence that iron is on the surface of erionite fibers, rather than being part of the crystalline structure, may be relevant for the carcinogenic potential of these fibers.
Defining Minimum Income (and Living) Standards in Europe: Methodological Issues and Policy Debates
Authors: Deeming Christopher
Published: August 2015

Minimum income protection is gaining new significance in European social policy. In an effort to promote social inclusion, the European Parliament has called on the European Commission and EU Member States to guarantee the minimum right to social safety nets. The Commission has been considering, in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy, the possibility of setting minimum standards for social protection. It is timely then to survey the debates surrounding minimum income standards for Europe and some of the different technologies available for setting reference budgets. A European needs-based (minimum) social protection floor should help guard against poverty and exclusion, but there can be no ‘one size fits all’ in Europe. For it is equally clear that higher social standards of protection may be required by citizens in more affluent parts of Europe. How can such distinctions be made, and what are the challenges arising from doing so?
A virtual seed file: the use of multispectral image analysis in the management of genebank seed accessions
Authors: Hansen Michael Adsetts Edberg , Hay Fiona R. , Carstensen Jens Michael
Published: August 2015

We present a method for multispectral seed phenotyping as a fast and robust tool for managing genebank accessions. A multispectral vision system was used to take images of the seeds of 20 diverse varieties of rice (approximately 30 seeds for each variety). This was followed by extraction of feature information from the images. Multivariate analysis of the feature data was used to classify seed phenotypes according to accession. The proportion of correctly classified rice seeds was 93%. We conclude that the multispectral image analysis could play a role in comparing incoming seeds against existing accessions, identifying different seed types within a sample of seeds and/or in checking whether regenerated seeds match the original seeds.
Second record of the Indo-Pacific nudibranch Polycera hedgpethi from Atlantic European waters (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Polyceridae)
Authors: Escribano-Álvarez Pablo , López-González Pablo J.
Published: August 2015

The alien nudibranchPolycera hedgpethiEr. Marcus, 1964, has been found in the Gulf of Cádiz (El Portil, Huelva). The present record in the Gulf of Cadiz could be considered an opportunity to connect the isolated Eastern Atlantic records for this species with those from the Mediterranean, even taking into consideration the possible unreported presence of this species along the North African Mediterranean coast. The collected specimens exhibited reproductive behaviour, suggesting the possibility of future additional records for this locality.
Making the Northern Indian Ocean a Hub of Geomagnetic Data
Authors: Arora Kusumita , Nagarajan Nandini , Thomson Alan , Ismail-Zadeh Alik
Published: August 2015

A new initiative seeks to unite and network the magnetic research community in the northern Indian Ocean region.
Student T-Shirt Contest Deadline Extended
Authors: Lee Margo
Published: August 2015

Winners of the two student contests will win a free registration to the 2015 Fall Meeting.
Favorable clinical outcome and unique characteristics in association with Twist1 overexpression in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chen C-C , You J-Y , Gau J-P , Huang C-E , Chen Y-Y , Tsai Y-H , Chou H-J , Lung J , Yang M-H
Published: August 2015

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process for inducing stem-like properties of epithelial cancer cells. However, the role of EMT inducers in hematological malignancies is unknown. Twist1, an EMT inducer necessary for cell migration, has recently been found to have transcriptionally regulatory activity on the expression of Bmi1, and these two are capable of promoting tumorigenesis in a synergized manner. Knowing that Bmi1 expression is essential for maintenance of leukemic stem cells, we speculate that Twist1 might govern the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development as well. We found that upregulated Twist1 increased Bmi1 expression in AML and endued leukemic cells a higher proliferative potential and increased resistance to apoptosis. In primary AML samples, there was strong positive correlation between the expression levels of Twist1 and Bmi1. AML patients whose leukemic blasts harbored overexpressed Twist1 had a more aggressive clinical phenotype, but they were more likely to have a better clinical outcome after standard therapy. In vitro studies confirmed that Twist1-overexpressing leukemic cells were more susceptible to cytarabine, but not daunorubicin, cytotoxicity. Our findings suggest that, in a subset of AML patients, Twist1 has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the disease that leads to unique clinical phenotypes.
Local atomic structure modulations activate metal oxide as electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in acidic water
Authors: Li Yu Hang , Liu Peng Fei , Pan Lin Feng , Wang Hai Feng , Yang Zhen Zhong , Zheng Li Rong , Hu P. , Zhao Hui Jun , Gu Lin , Yang Hua Gui
Published: August 2015

Modifications of local structure at atomic level could precisely and effectively tune the capacity of materials, enabling enhancement in the catalytic activity. Here we modulate the local atomic structure of a classical but inert transition metal oxide, tungsten trioxide, to be an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in acidic water, which has shown promise as an alternative to platinum. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations together indicate that the origin of the enhanced activity could be attributed to the tailored electronic structure by means of the local atomic structure modulations. We anticipate that suitable structure modulations might be applied on other transition metal oxides to meet the optimal thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, which may pave the way to unlock the potential of other promising candidates as cost-effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in industry.