bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FLUTED PUMPKIN (TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS) LEAF EXTRACT ON SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF RABBIT BUCKS
Authors: Ate M. E. , Bitto I. I.
Published: December 2024

A 12- week study involving 20 grower rabbit bucks was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the serum biochemistry of rabbit bucks fed fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaf extract (FPLE). The rabbit bucks were allotted to 4 Treatments containing 0mL of FPLE/L of drinking water (Treatment 1), 50mL of FPLE/litre of drinking water (Treatment 2), 100mL of FPLE/L of drinking water (Treatment 3) and 150mL of FPLE/L of drinking water (Treatment 4). Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The same concentrate diet was fed to the rabbits in all the treatment groups. At the end of the feeding trial, 3 rabbits per Treatment were slaughtered in the most humane way and blood was collected at slaughter for serum biochemical analysis. The serum biochemical parameters measured were, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Data derived from the study was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for completely randomized design (CRD) and where significant differences occurred, means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that, urea, creatinine, ALT, glucose, total protein, globulin, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were not affected (P>0.05) by FPLE while AST, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were influenced (P<0.05) by FPLE.
EVALUATION OF SUN-DRIED SHEEP RUMEN CONTENT AS A REPLACEMENT FOR RICE OFFAL ON BLOOD AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF WEANER RABBITS
Authors: Saidu I. , Mbap S. T. , Abubakar M. M. , Bello K. M. , Yakubu N. , Muazu S. M. , Sa’id M.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted at Bauchi State College of Agriculture, Bauchi Rabbitry Unit for eight weeks to determine the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of weaner rabbits fed varying levels of Sun-dried Sheep Rumen Content (SDSRC) as replacement for rice offal (RO). Fifty (50) weaner rabbits were assigned to five dietary treatments with SDSRC replacing RO at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, designated as diet 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively each diet was replicated five times with two rabbits per replicate in completely randomized design, feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and the results portrayed non-significant difference (P>0.05) in all the parameters except blood platelets (P<0.05) (107.67-547.67x103dL). Most of the serum biochemistry values revealed statistical similarity (P>0.05) apart from total cholesterol(1.83-3.77mol/L) (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that SDSRC could replace RO without affecting the health status of the weaner rabbits.
HATCHABILITY OF EGGS FROM HENS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF CHROMIUM PICOLINATE WITH OR WITHOUT VITAMIN C
Authors: Adebayo F. B. , Morakinyo K. J.
Published: December 2024

A total of 216 point of lay Noiler pullets were purchased from a reputable farm. The birds were assigned to 8 treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) using 2 x 4 factorial arrangement (2 levels of vitamin C and 4 levels of CrPic). A basal diet was formulated, divided into eight equal portions and diet 1 to 4 were supplemented with 0.00, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20mg/kg CrPic. Diets 5 to 8 were supplemented with 200mg/kg vitamin C; 0.40mg/kg CrPic+200mg vitamin C; 0.80mg/kg CrPic+200mg vitamin C, 1.20mg/kg CrPic+200mg Vitamin C, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks and hatchability of eggs set from hens were investigated. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance from General Linear Model procedures for completely randomised design with a 2 × 4 (2 levels of vitamin C and 4 levels of Chromium picolinate) factorial arrangement. Generally, level of CrPic at 0.8mgkg recorded higher (P>0.05) number of fertile eggs, number of egg hatched, fertility of total egg set, hatchability of egg set and hatchability of fertile egg when compared to others. The interaction between CrPic and Vitamin C was also not significant (P > 0.05) for all the parameters considered. The study revealed that the percentage fertility and hatchability of eggs of hens set increased by CrPic treatments with or without Vitamin C, mostly at 0.8mg/kg diet compared to control diet.
OPTIMIZING THE LIQUID STORAGE PRESERVATION ABILITY OF NATURAL FORMULATED POULTRY SEMEN EXTENDER FOR TURKEY BREEDING
Authors: Balogun A. S. , Akinosun A. A. , Lawal I. A. , Hassan U. O. , Hammed B. B.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was designed to identify appropriate insemination dosage to achieve optimum fertility with tom semen preserved for 4 and 12hours at 5oC. Five (5) healthy indigenous toms and thirty-six (36) hens between 37-38 weeks of age were used for this study. A completely randomized design (CRD), with a 4×2 factorial arrangement involving four semen types and two insemination dosage were used. Undiluted, TEYO diluted, 4 hours TEYO chilled semen and 12 hours TEYO chilled semen were the four types of semen that were employed. While insemination dosages were 0.05mL and 0.1mL. The result revealed that hens inseminated 0.1mL dosage of 4hrs TEYO chilled semen have significant (p<0.05) higher percentage fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs and eggs set value comparable to 0.05mL dosage of TEYOE extended tom semen and un-extended semen compared to hens inseminated 0.05mL 4hrs TEYO chilled semen and 12hrs TEYOE chilled semen. Furthermore, Hens inseminated with 0.1mL TEYOE chilled semen has higher percentage hatchability of fertile eggs and eggs set than 0.05mL dosage and was above observed grand mean comparable to un-extended and TEYO extended semen. It can therefore be concluded that 4hrs TEYO chilled turkey semen inseminated at 0.1mL had fertility and hatchability result comparable to unpreserved semen with or without extender
EFFECTS OF DRYING METHODS ON DEHYDRATION, REHYDRATION AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF BEEF, MUTTON AND CHEVON
Authors: Ribah M. I. , Mustapha I.
Published: December 2024

The study was aimed at investigating the effect of drying methods on dehydration, rehydration and proximate composition of meat. The experiment was laid down in a Complete Randomized design (CRD) involving two drying methods (Oven drying and sun drying) of types of meat serving as treatments (T1 and T2,), respectively. The treatments were replicated four times to give a total of twenty four (24) observations. Dehydration by Oven drying and Sun drying was done followed by rehydration of the samples at intervals. Results of dehydration indicated that SDM had 71% dehydration from its initial fresh weight. SDB had 78% moisture loss, SDC has 77% moisture loss. Similarly, ODM lost up to 78.8% of its moisture, ODB had 72.7% dehydration and ODC had 73.8% moisture loss. The highest moisture loss was found in SDB and ODM (78.9 and 78.8%) respectively, while the lowest dehydration was found in SDM (71.3%). Rehydration Results indicated that highest rehydration was found in ODM (61.73%) and the lowest was found in SDC (51.57%). Results for proximate composition of dehydrated and rehydrated samples indicated that drying methods have significantly affected (p<0.05) all proximate parameters measured. The study concluded that highest moisture loss was found in sun dried beef and oven dried mutton. The highest rehydration was found in oven dried mutton
CARCASS QUALITY AND ORGANOLEPTIC SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF MEAT FROM RABBITS FED CONCENTRATE AND SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA
Authors: Animashahun R. A. , Bamgbose A. M. , Omoikhoje S. O. , Oyawoye E. O. , Animashahun A. P. , Olawoye S. O. , Alabi O. O. , Okeniyi F. A.
Published: December 2024

As the demand for rabbit meat is increasing, efforts to meet cost effective nutritional requirement should as well increase. A ten-week feeding trial was carried out to assess the impact of incorporatingSynedrella nodiflora into  the diet of kit rabbits. Mixed-breed rabbits received concentrate along with varied Synedrella nodiflora supplementation. Kits with an initial average weight of 676.66g were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (A, B, C, and D) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates per treatment. Carcass values significantly improved (P<0.05) for rabbits on 25% and 50% Synedrella nodiflora levels compared to those on 0% and 75% inclusion. Organ weights showed no significant changes across all levels, except for the gastrointestinal tract, which exhibited a significant (p<0.05) effect based on plant inclusion, peaking at 75% inclusion (21.55g). No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in appearance, taste, chewiness, and aroma at all inclusion levels. However, organoleptic parameters such as juiciness, texture, and acceptability were significantly (P<0.05) affected. Juiciness and texture were notably similar at 25% and 50% inclusion levels, superior to 0% and 75%. Acceptability peaked at 0% inclusion. The results suggest effective incorporation of Synedrella nodiflora into weaned rabbits' diets, with optimal utilization observed at 25% to 50% inclusion levels
DETECTION OF PATHOGENIC AND VIRULENT SEROGROUPS OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN BEEF PRODUCTS POSES A HEALTH CONCERN TO CONSUMERS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Gana J. , Mohammed H. L. , Ndagimba R. J. , Mamman Z. , Garba Y. , Bunu M. I. , Adesiyun A. A.
Published: December 2024

In 2017-18 South experienced the largest outbreak of human listeriosis in the world caused by L. monocytogenes following the consumption of ‘polony’, a ready-to-eat meat product. A majority (59%) of the cases originated from Gauteng province, South Africa. As a follow-up study to the outbreak, a study was carried out to determined the prevalence of pathogenic and virulence serogroups of L. monocytogenes in various beef and beef products retailed in Gauteng province, South Africa using standard bacteriological and molecular methods. The overall prevalence of Listeria spp. was 28.0% (112/400), comprising Listeria monocytogenes (9.3%), Listeria innocua (16.3%), and Listeria welshimeri (2.5%) (p<0.001). It is crucial to have detected that the region (p=0.036), type of product (p=0.032), and temperature at storage (p=0.011) significantly affected the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in beef products. The pathogenic serogroups 4b-4d-4e (51.4%), and 1/2a-3a (43.2%), were detected among the isolates of L. monocytogenes, and importantly, they were all carriers of seven virulence-associated genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). Our study also demonstrated that 16.7% of ‘polony’ samples investigated were contaminated by L. monocytogenes. Considering that pathogenic and virulent L. monocytogenes contaminated beef and beef products retailed in South Africa, the food safety risk posed to consumers still exists and cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the contamination of these products with L. monocytogenes during beef production, processing, and retailing to avoid future outbreaks of human listeriosis in the country.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF MILK FROM DIFFERENT MAMMALIAN SPECIES
Authors: David B. F. , Boladuro B. A. , Alphonsus C. , Adesehinwa A. O. K.
Published: December 2024

This study was executed to analyse and compare the nutrient composition of milk from different animal species. A total of twelve (12) healthy lactating animals from four different species; cow, goat, sheep, and human were used for this study with 3 animals per species in a completely randomized design. Milk samples from the animals were analysed for crude protein, fat, ash, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and phosphorus. The result showed that human milk has significantly (P<0.05), the highest crude protein (CP) of 7.58 %, while cow, goat and sheep have CP of 3.00, 4.69 and 1.95 % respectively. The fat content was significant (P<0.05) among the species and it ranged between 8.56 % in cow and 4.55 % in human. The total solid of cow (15.97 %) and goat milk (15.59 %) are comparable but both are significantly (P<0.05) different from that of sheep (14.96 %) and human (14.16 %). The Ca content of the milk was significantly (P<0.05) highest in sheep (6025 mg/Kg) while Mg and K content of the milk was highest in cow with 1658.8mg/Kg and 14,667 mg/Kg respectively. The lowest Mg content of 239.8 mg/Kg was recorded in sheep. It can be concluded from this study that variations do exist in the proportion of nutrients in milk of different mammalian species and other animal species milk have the potential to be used as substitute to cow milk in the diet.
EFFECT OF LOCATION AND RAINY SEASON INTERPHASE ON MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF BUNAJI COWS IN NIGER STATE, SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA
Authors: Shuaibu I. , Dikko A. H. , Tsado D. N.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effect of location and rainy season interphase on milk yield and composition of Bunaji cows in Southern Guinea Savanna. The objectives were to determine the milk yield, composition of milk as well as physicochemical properties of milk produced by Bunaji cows under interphase of rainy season. The study was conducted in Niger state between the months of May to October 2023. Three experimental sites: Minna, Lambata and Tafa were selected. Ninety (90) lactating Bunaji (White Fulani) cows were used for the experiment; 30 cows per experimental site. Sample collection was done in three phases: early, mid and late raining seasons which were analyzed for Crude Protein (CP), Ash, Moisture, Fat and physicochemical properties. Results showed that there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in milk yield across all observed parameters, namely, early, mid, and late rainy seasons. Also, there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in moisture composition, whereas there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in crude protein, ash, fat, and NFE. The study concluded that milk yield, moisture composition and pH of milk produced by Bunaji cows in the study area are affected by rainy season interphase. It was therefore recommended that selective breeding programs focusing on cows from Lambata and Tafa, which produced higher milk yields across all interphases, should be explored and pH levels in cow milk should be constantly monitored and managed by adjusting feeding practices
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LARVACIDE AND YOHIMBE BARK POWDER SUPPLEMENTED DIETS
Authors: Obajuluwa O. V. , Sanwo K. A. , Egbeyale L. T. , Fafiolu A. O. , Osayande U. D. , Eguaoje A. S.
Published: December 2024

Herbal feed additives help improve health and performance of livestock without the bane of chemical residues. A 56-day study was conducted to compare the influence of Yohimbe (Pausynistalia yohimbe) and Larvacide on the nutrient and energy digestibility of broiler chickens at the starter and finisher phases. Two hundred and twenty five 14-day old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five treatment groups comprising of forty five chicks each. The groups were made in triplicates. The five treatment groups consist of Basal (control), Larvacide (5mg/Kg), three levels of Yohimbe bark powder supplementation at 60, 120, and 180 mg/Kg of the diets. During the digestibility trial, two chickens with same live weights were selected from the replicates groups at 28 and 56 day old to test the starter and finisher diets respectively. Formulated feeds were supplied and data on feed intake and droppings were collected and data were subjected to One-way analysis of variance. The inclusion of Yohimbe powder at 180mg/Kg reduced (p<0.05) feed intake at the finisher phase but increased ash, carbohydrate, crude fibre and energy digestibility. It is concluded that inclusion of Yohimbe at 180mg/Kg improved crude protein, energy and ash digestibility at the finisher phase.
CARCASS TRAIT, MEAT LIPID PROFILE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING HIGH INCLUSION LEVEL OF HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) PEEL MEAL
Authors: Adebowale T. O. , Adekola M. B. , Balogun S. A. , Onogwu L. , Adegoke A. V. , Oke O. E.
Published: December 2024

The study evaluated the carcass trait and meat quality of finisher broiler chickens fed diets containing high quality cassava peel meal (HQCP) at 50% inclusion level in replacement of maize. A total of 320 broiler chickens (Cobb500) were allocated to 4 dietary treatments on a weight equalization basis. Diet 1 = Control Diet (Corn-soybean meal based diet) containing 4.0 g kg-1 digestible Methionine (MET), 0.96g kg-1 digestible lysine, Diet 2 = A diet containing 50% replacement of maize in Diet 1 with HQCP and containing 4.0 g kg-1 digestible MET, 0.96g kg-1 digestible lysine, Diet 3 = A diet containing 50% replacement of maize in Diet 1 with HQCP and containing 4.4 g kg-1 digestible MET, 1.02 g kg-1 digestible lysine, Diet 4 = A diet containing 50% replacement of maize in Diet 1 with HQCP and containing 4.8 g kg-1 digestible MET, 1.08 g kg-1 digestible lysine. The highest slaughtered, carcass, and small intestinal weight were recorded in birds fed Diet 2 while the birds fed Diet 3 had the least abdominal fat value (p < 0.05). The water holding capacity and cooking loss percentage was highest in the meat of the birds fed Diet 4. The meat color of birds fed Diet 4 recorded the highest value. The very low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride concentration were least in the meat of birds fed Diet 2 (p<0.05). It can be concluded that supplementation of MET/lysine to diets containing HQCP improved the carcass trait and meat quality of the birds.
RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT OF BROILER FINISHER FED GINGER, GARLIC AND MIXTURE OF GINGER AND GARLIC POWDER
Authors: Adomeh E. E.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to examine the relative organ weights of broiler finisher fed ginger root (GRP), garlic bulb (GBP) and mixture of ginger and garlic powder (MGGP). A total of 180 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four experimental diets replicated 3 times with 15 chicks per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). Diet one (T1) served as control with no ginger or garlic bulb powder. Diet 2 (T2) had 2% GRP, diets 3 (T3) & 4 (T4) had 2% each GBP and MGGP respectively. At the end of the experiment, three (3) birds (one per replicate) were selected based on the average weight from each treatment group making a total of twelve birds. The birds were starved of feed overnight, but drinking water was provided. They were tagged, slaughtered, bled and defeathered. They were eviscerated and the eviscerated weights were recorded. The weight of the organs such as heart, kidney, lungs, liver, spleen, full gizzard and gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) were recorded and measured relative to the eviscerated weight. The result indicated that relative weights of heart, lungs, kidney, gizzard and GIT were significantly (p<0.05) highest in birds placed on T3 while relative weights of spleen and liver were highest in birds fed T2 and T4 respectively. The highest relative organ weights were recorded in broiler chickens on T3 and therefore garlic bulb powder could be used as additive to improve broiler chicken production.
HARNESSING THE PASTORAL SYSTEM OF THE NIGERIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH- A SHORT COMMUNICATION
Authors: Magaji S. T. , Latu M. Y. , Yibis G. G. , Dastu A. J.
Published: December 2024

The pastoral dairy production has a great potential that will enhance economic growth in Nigeria if well harnessed. The system is faced with challenges ranging from poor genetic potential of our local breeds and poor nutrition that impede better productivity. The dairy industry need to be improved through the use of better technologies like cross breeding our locally adaptable breed with high yielding exotic breeds like Holsein Fresian. Efforts should also be channelled towards planting and fertilizing our grazing areas with high yielding grasses and legumes for better productivity.
GROWTH AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF STARTER BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING PHYTOGENIC BLEND AS FEED ADDITIVE
Authors: Adeyeye E. A. , Kareem D. U. , Amos A. T. , Iyanda A. I. , Idowu O. P. A. , Idowu K. R. , Sobayo R. A. , Oso A. O.
Published: December 2024

The quest for antibiotic free poultry products has necessitated the need for organic antimicrobial sources that will not be detrimental to animal and human health. A 21 days study was conducted to examine the economics and growth performance of starter broiler chickens fed diets containing phytogenic blend (PB). 240-day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, which was replicated 5 times. A basal diet (T1), Oxytetracycline + basal diet (T2), PB was added to basal diet at 5g/kg (T3), 10g/kg (T4), 15g/kg (T5), 20g/kg (T6). Data on body weight, feed intake were taken and weight gain, feed conversion ratio were calculated. The prevailing market price of ingredients and selling rate per kilogram live broiler chicken were used for the economic analysis. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. Final weight and weight gain of birds in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were higher and statistically similar (P <0.05). Feed intake was higher (P <0.05) for birds in T3. Feed conversion ratio was statistically similar for T1, T2, T3 and T4. Feed cost/kilogram, Feed cost/bird, feed cost/weight gain and feed cost differential increased (P <0.05) as the levels of the PB increased in the diets. Revenue was statistically similar for T1, T3, T4 and T5. Gross margin was (P <0.05) best for T1 and worst for T6. It was concluded that supplementing starter broiler chicken diets with this PB should not exceed 15g/kg for improved weight gain.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF ISA-BROWN COCKERELS FED VARYING DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS
Authors: Ekanem N. J. , Ekanem N. J. , Afolabi K. D. , Elijah N. A. , Simeon U. U. , Edem B. P.
Published: December 2024

The quest for antibiotic free poultry products has necessitated the need for organic antimicrobial sources that will not be detrimental to animal and human health. A 21 days study was conducted to examine the economics and growth performance of starter broiler chickens fed diets containing phytogenic blend (PB). 240-day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, which was replicated 5 times. A basal diet (T1), Oxytetracycline + basal diet (T2), PB was added to basal diet at 5g/kg (T3), 10g/kg (T4), 15g/kg (T5), 20g/kg (T6). Data on body weight, feed intake were taken and weight gain, feed conversion ratio were calculated. The prevailing market price of ingredients and selling rate per kilogram live broiler chicken were used for the economic analysis. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. Final weight and weight gain of birds in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were higher and statistically similar (P <0.05). Feed intake was higher (P <0.05) for birds in T3. Feed conversion ratio was statistically similar for T1, T2, T3 and T4. Feed cost/kilogram, Feed cost/bird, feed cost/weight gain and feed cost differential increased (P <0.05) as the levels of the PB increased in the diets. Revenue was statistically similar for T1, T3, T4 and T5. Gross margin was (P <0.05) best for T1 and worst for T6. It was concluded that supplementing starter broiler chicken diets with this PB should not exceed 15g/kg for improved weight gain.
EXPLOITING LOCAL POTENTIALS FOR INCREASED DAIRY PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Authors: OLORUNNISOMO O. A.
Published: December 2024

Commercial milk production in Nigeria has remained underdeveloped due to a complex of factors relating to the animal, environment, infrastructure, socio-economic clime and government policies. While the challenges facing this sector are real and daunting, the array of natural resources available in the country suggests great possibilities for commercial milk production. Nigeria has a population of 173 million people with a high demand for milk and its products. This provides incentive for investment into local milk production. Although milk yield from indigenous cattle is low (2 L/day), their ability to survive in the harsh tropical environment suggests a need to crossbreed with highly productive dairy breeds (> 25 L/day). The abundant feed resources in different parts of the country also indicate that nutritional needs of these animals can be met at reasonable cost. In this paper, attempt is made to discuss the major problems encountered in the dairy sector and local possibilities for surmounting them.
GROWTH RESPONSE AND BLOOD PROFILE OF BROILER FINISHER FED VARYING LEVELS OF HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA PEELS AS REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
Authors: AKINSUYI M. A. , OYENIYI F. G. , AJAYI F. E.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the blood indices and growth performance of broiler finisher birds fed 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% High Quality Cassava Peels (HQCP) as replacement for maize. One hundred and fifty unsexed three week-old Abor Acre broiler chicks were randomly distributed to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. . The dietary treatments: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represented 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of HQCP replacement levels respectively. The study lasted for 21 days. Performance indices were measured. . Blood samples were collected for haematological assay. The final body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, FCR and feed cost/kg were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Mortality was not affected by HQCP levels of inclusion in the diets. The cost of production of feed per/kg reduced significantly with increasing levels of HQCP in the diets. There was significant (p<0.05) effect of HQCP inclusion in diets on all haematological parameters except on the lymphocyte concentration. It was concluded that HQCP could replace 50% maize in broiler finisher diets without deleterious effect on growth performance and health status of broiler finisher birds.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLACK SEEDS (NIGELLA SATIVA), AFRICAN NUTMEG (MONODORA MYRISTICA) AND NEGRO PEPPER (XYLOPIA AETHIOPICA)
Authors: Idowu A. O. , Ojebiyi O. O. , Ademola S. G. , Abdullateef S.O , Tanimowo D. G. , Olakojo A. O.
Published: December 2024

Phytoadditives which are mainly of plant origin, consumed due to their medicinal properties or as spicies due to their taste and flavour. Three phytoadditives which are black seeds (Nigella sativa), African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) and Negro pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) were analyzed for their chemical and proximate compositions, minerals and their phytochemicals. Black seed and Negro pepper had higher crude protein (21.03 vs 17.43%), crude fibre (6.90 vs 5.88%), ether extract (37.91 vs 11.67%) and ash (7.42 vs 7.24%) than African nutmeg (13.54, 2.20, 6.77 and 4.59%) respectively. However, Negro pepper contained the highest metabolizable energy content (3500Kcal/kg), closely followed by African nutmeg (3145.05Kcal/kg) while black seed showed the lowest metabolizable energy content (2890.05Kcal/kg). Black seed contained the highest calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and Iron contents. Negro pepper showed the highest contents for manganese, zinc, selenium and copper. African nutmeg displayed intermediate values for the macro and micro minerals content. Negro pepper has the highest values (0.48, 0.04, 0.32 and 0.07%) for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin and oxalates, respectively while Black seed has the highest tannin content (0.05%). The findings indicate that these phytoadditives might be good sources of valuable nutrients for human and animal use.
ESTIMATES OF REPEATABILITY OF LITTER SIZES AT BIRTH AND WEANING IN TRADITIONALLY-MANAGED RED SOKOTO GOATS
Authors: Fayeye T. R. , Omolosho P. O.
Published: December 2024

Records of litter size at birth and weaning of 497 Red Sokoto goats belonging to 87 farm families in 5 communities located in Niger and Kebbi states were obtained using Progeny History Technique of the Participatory Rural Appraisal. The data collected were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance. Estimates of repeatability of litter size at birth and litter size at weaning were obtained from the variance components. Litter size at birth and litter size at weaning averaged 1.28±1.14 kids and 1.14±1.04 kids, respectively. The highest litter sizes at birth and weaning were recorded in the second parity (1.75±0.65 kids and 1.69±0.67 kids, respectively), after which they declined. Estimates of repeatability were very low for the two traits (0.25 and -0.12 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, respectively). The present study suggests that both litter size at birth and weaning are largely influenced by non-genetic factors. There is therefore the need for multiple records of each female goat for improved litter sizes at birth and at weaning.
SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE GENOTYPE OF INDIGENOUS COCKS IN THE HUMID ENVIRONMENT OF NIGERIA
Authors: ISIDAHOMEN C. E.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the semen characteristics of three genotypes of Nigerian Indigenous cocks. Thirty Six (60) local breeding cocks comprising of 20 frizzle, 20 normal and 20 naked neck selected randomly from the poultry breeding unit of the Ambrose Alli University Teaching and Research farm was used for this study. Semen were collected from them by abdominal massage and analyzed for semen characteristics. Semen concentration were significantly higher in normal 21.18±0.03mL (p<0.05) than in frizzle feathered 20.19+0.093. and normal and naked neck feathered genotype 18.07±0.163. Sperm motility was significantly better (p<0.05) in naked neck feather than in frizzle feather. Semen volume of the frizzle and normal feathered, were significantly higher (p<0.05) than naked neck. Variations on semen characteristics abound in the three Nigerian indigenous cocks compared. Key words: Indigenous cocks, morphological defects, semen characteristics
GENETIC PARAMETER ESTIMATES FOR EIGHT WEEK BODY WEIGHT IN A FOUNDATION STOCK OF MALE LINE BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: ADEJOH-UBANI E. O. , NWAGU B. I. , Adeyinka L. A. , Orunmuyi M. O. , Abeke F. O. , Sekoni A. A. , Otu M. O. , Akinsola O. M.
Published: December 2024

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for eight week body weight in a foundation stock of male line broiler chickens. A total of 2,086 birds comprising 1500 hens and 586 cocks were used in 3 generations. At hatch, chicks used were wing-banded, weighed and housed on deep litter. Body weights of birds were subsequently taken at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age. For each generation, data obtained were utilized to estimate heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations from sire component of variance. Selection action (Sel action) statistical software was used to estimate heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations. Correlations were moderate to high. Heritability estimates for generation 1 ranged from moderate to high 0.34 (CW2) to 0.75 (CW8), low to high for generation 2 (0.17) for CWO and (0.88) for CW8 and positively low for CWO to high for CW8 (0.16 to 0.81) for generation 3. This points to the existence of an appreciable amount of additive genetic variance in the flock and indicates that improvement in the traits can be brought about by intrapopulation selection. The high and positive genetic and phenotypic correlations indicate the pleiotropic action of genes controlling these traits, and that by direct selection for anyone of them; genetic improvement in the others will be realized as correlated responses.
INFLUENCE OF TANNASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF SORGHUM ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND APPARENT NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER FINISHER CHICKENS.
Authors: Obadimu A. O. , Jegede A. V. , Fafiolu A. O. , Mafimidiwo A. N. , Williams G. A. , Adesanya O.
Published: December 2024

In a feeding trial to determine the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of finisher broiler chickens (28-56days) fed red sorghum (RS) and white Sorghum (WS) based diet with or without tannase supplementation, a total of 240 unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens aged 28 days were randomly allotted to eight (8) dietary treatments having 3 replicates each of 10 birds per replicate. The experimental design used was completely randomized in 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. Of the eight diets in which maize (Zea mays) replaces sorghum at 0%, 100% Red Sorghum (RS), 100% White Sorghum (WS) and 50RS:50WS%, diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 were without tannase while diets 5, 6, 7 and 8 were supplemented with tannase. The growth performance data was collected weekly and nutrient digestibility at 56 days old. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the growth indices of the finisher birds fed the sorghum-based diet supplemented with tannase except the total feed intake which was highest (P < 0.05) in birds fed 50RS:50WS% diet without tannase. Although, birds fed the control diet with tannase had the least feed intake, those fed the control diet without tannase had the best FCR . None of the nutrient digestibility indices were significantly (P>0.05) influenced except the crude protein retention which was highest (P< 0.05) in birds fed 100%RS diet supplemented with tannase. The experiment concluded that, red and white sorghum with or without tannase may totally replace maize in finisher broilers diet for optimum performance and nutrient digestibility without any deleterious effect.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF STARTER BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING RED AND WHITE SORGHUM SUPPLEMENTED WITH TANNASE
Authors: Obadimu A. O. , Jegede A. V. , Fafiolu A. O. , Sogunle O. M. , Mafimidiwo A. N.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of starter broiler chickens (0-28 days) fed diets containing red sorghum (RS) and white Sorghum (WS) with or without tannase supplementation. A total of 240 1- day old unsexed Arbor acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight (8) dietary treatments which were divided into 3 replicates each of 10 birds in a completely randomized design 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. Eight (8) diets were formulated in which sorghum replaced maize at 0, 100 RS, 100 WS and 50RS:50WS%. The first 4 without tannase then the other 4 diets supplemented with tannase. Growth performance data was collected weekly and nutrient digestibility at the 28th day. Birds fed 100% WS diet and those fed tannase supplemented diets at 50WS:50RS had the highest (P<0.05) final weight and weight gain. The FCR and Average daily feed intake were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. None of the nutrient digestibility indices were significantly (P>0.05) influenced by sorghum-based diet and tannase supplementation. In conclusion, red and white sorghum with or without tannase can be used to replace maize at 100% WS in the absence of tannase but with tannase, 50WS:50RS may be applied as a total replacement for maize in starter broilers diet for optimum performance and nutrient digestibility. Similarly, it could be observed that the addition of tannase to the diet even in the absence of sorghum can also enhance performance and nutrient digestibility.
EFFECT OF DIETARY QUERCETIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Ugwuoke H. C. , Ogwuegbu M. C. , Edeh H. O. , Odonugo M. O. , Ani A. O. , Onu E. O.
Published: December 2024

This research work was carried out to ascertain the effects of dietary quercetin on growth performance of broiler birds at different levels of inclusion. A total of 150 14-day old Arbor Acres broiler birds were randomly divided into five treatment groups in a complete randomized designed (CRD) with thirty birds each. Each treatment had three replicates with 10 broiler birds. The treatments include: (T1 = 0.0mL, T2 = 0.1mL, T3 = 0.3mL, T4 = 0.5mL of quercetin/kg diet, and T5 = 1g oxytetracycline) per kg of feed. Parameters measured and determined were growth parameters. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) while significant means were separated using Duncan new multiple range test. Birds on treatment 4 fed 0.5mL/kg of feed had the highest value of final body weight (FBW) 3998.00g, total weight gain (TWG) 3583.67g and average daily weight gain (ADWG) 85.33g with improved FCR of 1.68 and least feed cost per kg weight gain of N571.20 than other treated groups. Dietary quercetin supplementation in this experiment has shown to improve growth performance of broilers birds especially at 0.5mL quercetin/kg inclusion level.
COMPARATIVE EGG QUALITY EVALUATION OF ISA BROWN AND FUNAAB ALPHA LAYERS REARED ON BATTERY-CAGE IN A ZAMFARA POULTRY FARM
Authors: Jimoh A. A. , Namakka A.
Published: December 2024

Quality of eggs determines the acceptability to consumers. Egg quality differs in meaning as consumers’ assessments of quality are influenced by the intended use of the eggs. Thus, a study on comparative egg quality evaluation of Institut de Sélection Animale Brown (ISA Brown) and FUNAAB alpha layers reared on battery-cage was carried out. In this study, 300 table eggs, 150 each of the Institut de Sélection Animale, Brown (IB) and the FUNAAB Alpha (FA), were sourced from Magaji Memorial Farm in Gusau, Zamfara State, and transported to the Physical Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto for quality evaluation within 24 hours of laying. On weekly basis for a period of five weeks, a total of 70 eggs (35 eggs from each strain) of uniform size were randomly selected and analysed for quality variations. Data were analysed statistically using student T-test. The results showed that among all indices only egg weight, eggshell surface, albumen index and Haugh unit were significantly (P≤0.05) different between both strains of layer chickens. The FA eggs were significantly heavier in weight (FA:59.50 ± 4.64g; IB:57.16 ± 5.17g) and better in shell surface area (FA:71.32 ± 3.65; IB:69.19 ± 4.16) than eggs of IB layers. However, the IB layer eggs had significantly (P≤0.05) better albumen index (IB:0.12 ± 0.11; FA:0.04 ± 0.01) and Haugh unit (IB:80.77 ± 13.29; FA:72.80 ± 14.57) than eggs of FA layers. It can be concluded that although IB eggs are better in term of internal qualities, eggs of FA layers are more likely to gain acceptability of consumers who care for better external qualities, like egg weight and shell quality.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND MEAT QUALITY TRAITS IN MALE AND FEMALE BROILER LINES IN SHIKA, NIGERIA
Authors: Badmus K. A. , Adeyinka L. A. , Kabir M. , Alabi L. I. , Muhammad H. , Adeleke R. A.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to genetically evaluate the relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and meat quality traits of male and female broiler lines in National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI). A total of 350 broiler birds were used, which consisted of 100 birds each for sire and dam line and 75 birds each for sire control and dam control. Data on blood and meat quality traits were analyzed using General Linear Model procedures of SAS (2002). The results obtained indicated that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in all the biochemical traits observed except in the SAP where sire control showed the highest value of 69.00mg/dl. No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in meat quality traits except in the energy value of sire control (3945.3kcal/kg). Genetic correlations obtained in this study revealed that SAP showed positive and negative correlations with meat quality traits for the selected lines. It was therefore concluded that, lines had significant effects on SAP and energy. High genetic correlations between SAP and meat quality traits are indications of linkage and pleiotropy effects among these traits.
ESTIMATION OF LIVE BODY WEIGHT FROM CHEST GIRTH MEASUREMENT AND BODY CONDITION SCORES IN SAVANNAH BROWN GOATS IN ZARIA
Authors: HUSSAINI M. , AYO J. O. , ABDULRAHMAN M. , IBRAHIM M. A. , WUNTI Z. M. , Umar I. M. , SALISU M. D. , HASSAN R. , ABDULLAHI M.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted at Kongila sheep and goat market, Zaria, Nigeria in order to develop predictive equations for the determination of live body weight from chest girth and body condition scores in Savannah Brown goats. Data were collected randomly on 49 goats, aged between 1 to 3 years; 42 males and 7 females. The overall mean values (males and females) for body weight, chest girth and body condition scores were 14.86 ± 0.64 kg, 59.61 ± 0.86 cm and 2.78 ± 0.08, respectively. Body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with chest girth (r = 0.795) and body condition scores (r = 0.579), indicating a relationship between these variables. Live body weights were regressed on chest girth and body condition scores, which appeared to be significantly good, especially with the chest girth. The high and positive correlations between body weight and chest girth, established in this study provide information that may be useful in the early selection of Savannah Brown goats for genetic improvement schemes. In conclusion, there were direct relationships between body weight, chest girth and body condition scores in Savannah Brown goats.
HAEMOGLOBIN POLYMORPHISM, INBREEDING COEFFICIENT AND DEGREE OF HETEROZYGOSITY OF SELECTED ANIMALS IN KOGI STATE UNIVERSITY LIVESTOCK FARM
Authors: OLORUNFEMI S. V. , OKEKWU B. , OKALA Z. S. , OLANIYAN O. , EGENA S. S. A. , AUDU M. , AMANA G. U. , OYIBO A. , DIKKO A. H. , ABALAKA E. O.
Published: December 2024

Sixty five animals (10 sheep, 30 goats and 25 cattle) were used to evaluate haemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism, local inbreeding coefficient and the degree of heterozygosity in animals reared at the livestock farm of the Kogi State University, Anyigba using cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis. Results showed that HbAB was predominant in cattle (0.52) followed by HBBB (0.32) and HbAA (0.16) with a gene frequency of 0.42 and 0.58 for the A and B gene locus, respectively. In sheep, only HbAA was observed in the animals sampled with genotype frequency of 1.00 and gene frequency of 1.00. In goats, HbAA was more with genotype frequency of 0.80, followed by HbAB (0.20) while HbBB was not observed. The gene frequency for the A and B locus were 0.90 and 0.10, respectively. The local inbreeding coefficient and expected Heterozygosity were: cattle (-0.08 and 0.48), sheep (0.00 and 0.00) and goats (-0.11 and 0.18), respectively. It was concluded that all the genotypes evaluated were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as there were no significant differences observed between the observed and expected genotypes.
REPEATABILITY AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATES OF FIVE RABBIT GENOTYPES AT VARIOUS AGES
Authors: OLUPITAN E. O. , CHINEKE C. A. , AJAO B. H.
Published: December 2024

This breeding experiment was carried out at the Rabbit Unit, Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) between 2009 and 2010. Data on litter traits such as individual kit weight (IKW), average litter weight (ALW), litter weight (LTW), litter size (LTZ) of the animals were collected. Data on the litter traits were taken at birth, 21, 35 and 56 days of age from 13 progenies and 5 parental genotypes. Heritability estimates due to dam ranged from very low value of 0.00014 (IKTW) at 21 days to a very high value of 0.774 (LTW) at 35 days. Repeatability followed similar trend but ranged from extremely low value of 0.00004 (IKW) at 21 days to medium value of 0.194 (LTW) at 35 days. The study show that selection could be better made for the traits at 35 days of age as that would bring improvement for the traits in question. The results also indicated the superiority of the dam over the sire in selection for improvement of the traits.
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT ON INTERNAL EGG QUALITY PARAMETERS IN JAPANSE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica) FED TWO COMMERCIAL DIETS IN NORTH EAST NIGERIA
Authors: SULE H. A. , USMAN M. I. , BAFFA A. , SALIM A.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted at the Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi; Nigeria; to study the correlation coefficient of internal egg quality parameters in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). The results showed that, there are many significant correlations between most of the traits studied for instance between egg weight and albumen weight, Haugh unit vs albumen thickness and egg weight vs yolk index were, r = 0.300, r = 0.921, r=0.997 and r = 0.481, respectively. However, effects of diets on internal egg quality traits showed significant differences (P<0.05) in yolk height, yolk index, Haugh unit and albumen thickness in the parent stock with respect to the two diets investigated. While in the F1 generation only yolk height, Haugh unit and albumen thickness were significantly (P<0.01) affected by the dietary treatments. There are many significant correlations between many of the traits studied for instance, between egg weight vs albumen weight, feed efficiency vs feed conversion ratio, Haugh unit vs albumen thickness and egg weight vs yolk index. Based on the results obtained, the productivity of quails in the study area is appreciable compared to the level obtained elsewhere. It is therefore recommended that improvement in the genetic make-up and the diets will go a long way towards improving their productivity.
EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON ERYTHROCYTE OSMOTIC FRAGILITY OF YANKASA SHEEP SUBJECTED TO 12-HOUR FEED AND WATER DEPRIVATION DURING THE HOT-DRY SEASON
Authors: ALUWONG T. , AYO J. O. , ABEJIDE O.
Published: December 2024

Study was conducted to evaluate changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) in Yankasa sheep, subjected to 12-hour feed and water deprivation during the hot-dry season. Sixteen sheep of both sexes, aged 1-2 years and weighing 12-25 kg served as subjects. Eight of the sheep were given vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA), dissolved in 25 ml of distilled water per os, and deprived of feed and water for 12 hours, while eight others were deprived of feed and water for 12 hours only, without prior AA administration. Blood sample (1 ml) was collected from each sheep from the jugular vein before AA administration and/or 12-h feed and water deprivation, using standard aseptic procedures. into test tubes, containing sodium citrate. The EOF was determined spectrophotometrically. The percentage EOF rose as the percentage concentration of NaCl in the solution decreased in the sheep before they were deprived of feed and water. The haemolysis decreased predominantly in the sheep administered with AA after the 12-h starvation. In the sheep subjected to only 12-h of feed and water deprivation, the percentage EOF rose with a decrease in concentration of NaCl in the solution at 0.5% NaCl concentration. The EOF after the 12-h feed and water deprivation in the group administered with the AA did not differ significantly (P>0.05), when compared with that of the control group. The findings of the study showed that sheep subjected to nutritional stress of feed and water starvation may be susceptible to increased haemolysis. The increased EOF recorded in the study, especially at 0.5% NaCl concentration, demonstrated that the EOF test may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the determination of feeding status of animals. In conclusion, 12-h feed and water deprivation increased EOF in sheep, and the EOF test may be of value in the diagnosis of feed and water deprivation in sheep during the hot-dry season in the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria.