bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between CFO Qualifications and Internal Control Weakness
Authors: Yeh Yaying C. , Venezia Chiulien C. , Yang Tzu-Ya
Published: July 2022

This study explores the relationship between CFO qualifications and a firm’s internal control weakness (ICWs). We use three measures for CFO competence: financial/accounting background, seniority, and education. Using a sample of Taiwanese listed firms from 2012 to 2015, the results of this study show a negative relationship between CFO financial/accounting background and seniority with internal control weakness, indicating firms with higher quality CFOs experience a lower number of ICWs. CFO education level, however, is not related with a firm’s internal control weakness. The results imply that capable CFOs can effectively implement a good internal system. The result of this study provides practical and policy implications.
Household Fuel Choice in Urban Kenya: A Multinomial Logit Analysis
Authors: Waweru David , Mose Naftaly
Published: July 2022

This study applied a logistic regression model to determine the odds ratio of selecting clean versus unclean energy as the main household fuel choice. This study also undertook to establish the coefficients of the factors determining household fuel energy choice. A large microeconomic dataset from KIPPRA’s comprehensive study and analysis on fuel use patterns in Kenya (2010) was employed to carry out the analysis. This study employed a multinomial logit regression model to determine the fuel choices and patterns of cooking fuels in urban Kenyan households. The results showed that in addition to income, there are several socio-demographic factors such as education, gender, and age that were important in determining household fuel choice. To encourage clean fuel use, the authorities should carry out public education campaigns, and ensure the availability of these fuels in all areas to avoid harmful effects of biomass fuels and kerosene, and more modern and efficient appliances should be made available at affordable rates to ensure more efficient use of these forms of clean energy.
Public Procurement Corruption in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kosorić Dragana , Zuko Muamera
Published: July 2022

Public procurement system, which is being implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is an integrated system that includes a large number of actors. This system is described, including the identified competencies and responsibilities of all participants, by law and bylaws. And, corruption is one of the social phenomena whose definitions change in time and space. Many behaviors that are considered corruption today have been an integral part of regular behavior in the past.
Does Debt Have Threshold Effects on Medium-Term Growth? Evidence from European Union Countries
Authors: Fir Nejc
Published: July 2022

Debt has become an important factor in economic activity and its extent has incentivized many researchers to incorporate it into contemporary growth models. On the positive side, debt has the ability to smoothen private consumption, firms’ investment and government expenditure in relation to their corresponding income, subsequently leading to better capital allocation. However, the history of debt defaults and lessons from European sovereign debt crises, which were accompanied by strict austerity measures, have warned us about the danger of debt overhang and unsustainable debt burdens. This paper tackles the question of the existence of a turning point, at which the negative effects of debt start to prevail in the economic process. In the sample of European Union countries in the period from 1995 to 2019, the author of this paper investigated the presence of threshold effects of government, non-financial corporate and household debt on medium-term growth following the paper by Mika and Žumer (2017). The author first confirmed the concave-shaped relationship between public debt and growth with a threshold of 111.6% of GDP, based on Eurostat debt-to-GDP data. In contrast, private debt was found to have first lag effects with an accompanied convex-shaped relationship between private debt and growth and with a corresponding threshold of 149.8% of GDP. Next, the author divided private debt into non-financial corporate and household debt to investigate a more detailed relationship between debt and growth. Corresponding to the Global Debt Database, the concave-shaped relationship between public debt and growth was confirmed with a threshold of 104.8% of GDP. Both of the investigated types of private debt confirmed the previously explored lagged impact on medium-term growth and a convex-shaped relationship between non-financial corporate and household debt and growth. The threshold of non-financial corporate debt stands at 138.3% of GDP, while that for household debt is 145.1% of GDP. Considering the presence of thresholds may offer an important message to economic policymakers, as timely and suitable governance can lead to either higher economic growth or prevent adverse effects of excessive indebtedness.
Does Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking Affect the Business Performance of Micro-Enterprises? Evidence from Skikda in Algeria
Authors: Messikh Ayoub
Published: July 2022

According to several previous studies, entrepreneurial risk-taking is an important aspect that can lead to prospective business opportunities, hence improving entrepreneurial outcomes such as enterprise performance. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the extent and degree of impact of entrepreneurial risk-taking (ERT) as one of the dimensions of entrepreneurial mindset on the performance of micro enterprises in Skikda, Algeria. Based on a self-administered survey questionnaire, data were collected from a random sample of 142 micro-enterprises in Skikda. The study adopted descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses to estimate the impact of entrepreneurial risk-taking. collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22) programme. The findings demonstrate that entrepreneurial risk-taking significantly affects the performance of micro enterprises in Skikda. Of the total variance of the performance of micro enterprise’s, 9.2% can be explained by the variability of entrepreneurial risk-taking. A small percentage is expected and can partly be explained by the presence of other factors that affect the performance of these enterprises as well as the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process of economic activity and available business opportunities worldwide, especially these very small enterprises. However, the presence of this positive impact calls for a focus on raising the risk-taking spirit of existing and potential Algerian entrepreneurs, by holding conferences, forums and entrepreneurial programmes that enhance and support this characteristic of the entrepreneurial mindset.
Pharmacy Students’ Professional Skill Development through a Scaffolded Internship
Authors: Jang Chaeyeong , Wellins Chloe , Mihm Alexandra , Nisly Sarah
Published: July 2022

Description of the problem: The establishment of hospital pharmacy internships helps promote the growth of student pharmacists alongside the standard pharmacy curriculum. These programs are vital to helping students expand their clinical knowledge, while also benefiting the host institution. Our objective was to characterize the value of a longitudinal internship program to both the institution and its interns.
Description of the innovation: The Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (AHWFB) Pharmacy Intern Program is a unique program designed with a scaffolded concept that directly complements traditional pharmacy school curriculum and provides interns opportunities to complement tasks of health-system pharmacists. Starting with operational responsibilities in the central distribution pharmacy during the first year of the curriculum, the interns transition to more patient-facing roles during the second and third years. Throughout the course of the program, interns are also given opportunities to participate in research and professional development activities. An IRB-approved, retrospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the benefits of the program to the institution and interns.
Critical analysis: Intern interventions were quantitatively evaluated to determine institutional benefit. From October 2017 to June 2020, 16 interns completed a total of 7,191 interventions, which equates to approximately $1,295,825 of cost avoidance for the institution. A quality assurance survey was also conducted to evaluate the program’s benefit to the interns. Fourteen of the 16 eligible interns participated in the survey. Of the 14 participating interns, 85.7% (n=12) strongly agreed with overall satisfaction of the program. Additionally, 71% (n=10) strongly agreed with feeling more professionally prepared than their classmates.
Next steps: Implementing a scaffolded internship program has positively benefited AHWFB and the participating interns. The program’s design allows for clinical and professional development alongside the pharmacy school curriculum.
Faculty Doing More with Less: A Technology Initiative Realized Through a Structured Process
Authors: Elder Kimberly G. , Frederick Emily K. , Raake Sarah , Stephens Benjamin C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Many barriers exist when implementing new educational technologies. Some institutions without specialty support staff or offices may struggle with the necessary steps. In a climate that increasingly asks faculty to do more with less, empowering faculty-driven processes may prove important.
Innovation: When the need for an academic electronic health record (EHR) was identified, a faculty champion followed a structured approach to research available options, garner faculty interest, bring forth a proposal to the administration, implement the academic EHR technology, and perform continuous quality improvement thereby paving the pathway for future faculty-led initiatives.
Findings: A single faculty member followed a structured approach that could be carried out by others to bring meaningful academic technology to multiple programs. This process was subsequently successfully used by another faculty member and the technology implemented was well-received by administration, faculty, and students.
Conclusion: Despite few resources to support or compel technological adaptation or change, faculty can follow steps to introduce these projects and moreover, spark a cultural shift and momentum to embolden faculty to follow a process to bring forth change or initiatives in the future.
Condiciones de sustentabilidad urbana; una revisión al Fraccionamiento Puente Moreno, Medellín, Ver.
Authors: Chong Garduño María Concepción , Martí Capitanachi Daniel Rolando
Published: July 2022

Cuando se habla de fraccionamientos de interés social, muchas veces no se prevén las consecuencias que pueden venir asociadas a un asentamiento de tal tipo. Ha sido práctica común que los desarrolladores apliquen soluciones prototípicas a distintas ciudades, no considerando las diferencias en las condiciones ambientales o del territorio. Como consecuencia, en ocasiones se ocupan con usos urbanos territorito ambientalmente productivos o frágiles con proyectos habitacionales cuyo grado de adecuación y confort no han sido evaluados correctamente. Hoy es necesario asegurar que cualquier acción urbanística debe considerar, para su proyectación, ejecución y operación, todos los aspectos proyectuales de integración al sitio y al contexto de forma sistémica, para asegurar su sustentabilidad y resiliencia. El Nuevo Urbanismo surgido en la década de los 80 del siglo XX, ha influido en la planificación urbana y en el uso del territorio, promoviendo las buenas prácticas en el diseño urbano a través de diez principios básicos que favorezcan un urbanismo bioclimático, que impacte positivamente en el medio ambiente, en las viviendas y en sus habitantes. En este ensayo se hace una revisión del fraccionamiento Puente Moreno, en sus diversas etapa -proyectual, constructiva, contingencia y resiliencia-, a través de estos diez principios básicos del bioclimatismo, con la finalidad de señalar algunas consideraciones sobre sus condiciones urbanas actuales que lo llevarían o no, hacia un urbanismo sustentable.
Evaluation of Thick Target PIXE Analysis in the 5SDH-2 Pelletron Accelerator Facility at VNU University of Science
Authors: Hoa Bui Thi , Nghia Nguyen The , Phong Vi Ho , Anh Tran The
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the evaluation of the Thick Target Particle Induced X-rays Emission (TTPIXE) technique using standard samples. The element-dependent standardization factor, H, as a function of X-ray energies is calibrated using standard sample NIST-611 and validated with two standard samples: IAEA-Soil7 and NIES-Pepperbush. The obtained results are in good agreement with the reference data.
Study on Gas Adsorption Properties (N2, H2, O2, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, H2O and NH3) on the O-vacancy-containing Sc2CO2 Monolayer
Authors: Khang Pham Dinh , Hai Luong Le , Hong Nguyen Thi Tham , Tuan Vu Van
Published: July 2022

In this work, we have studied the (N2, H2, O2, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, H2O, and NH3) gases adsorption properties on the O-vacancy-containing Sc2CO2 monolayer by first-principles calculations. We have determined the preferred adsorption positions and the structural features of the O-vacancy-containing Sc2CO2 monolayer after adsorption of different gas molecules. The adsorption energy and charge transfer from the monolayer to the gas molecules have been calculated. The calculated results show that H2, N2, NH3, H2S and H2O molecules are physisorbed, while CO2, CO, NO2, NO, O2 and SO2 molecules are chemisorbed in the neighboring area of the O-vacancy of the Sc2CO2 monolayer. The existence of the O-vacancy significantly enhances the CO and CO2 adsorption intensity of the defect Sc2CO2 monolayer compared to the original Sc2CO2 monolayer. Our results show that the O-vacancy-containing Sc2CO2 monolayer can be used for detecting NO gas  as a resistive sensor.
A comparative study of cytological processing techniques in hemorrhagic effusion
Authors: Inbasekaran Poovizhi , Subramanian Ramaswamy Anikode
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Fluids are one the most common specimens received in cytology laboratories. The presence of erythrocytes may obscure the cells in the smears, making the diagnosis, and identification of cells difficult. Many techniques are being used by laboratories to eliminate these erythrocytes. The present study was undertaken to improve the quality of cytology smears of hemorrhagic samples by comparing three different techniques, namely, Carnoy’s fixative (CF), modified CF, and normal saline rehydration technique (NSRT) to hemolysis red blood cells (RBC) present in the smear background for better cytological assessment. The present study was a prospective study done over 1 year 6 months from November 2012 to March 2014, in the Department of Pathology in a Tertiary Care Rural Medical College.

Materials and Methods:

All hemorrhagic effusions received in the department of pathology were processed using CF, modified CF, and NSRT. The background of the smear and cytomorphological details with two different stains was analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to find out the association of different techniques in the reduction of RBC.

Results:

More than 60% reduction of RBCs in the smear was noted in 85.40%, 14.60%, and 15.60% by NSRT, modified CF, and CF, respectively. Staining was better and nuclear features were best preserved in NSRT.

Conclusion:

NSRT is the best, simple, and cheaper technique to lyse RBC in the hemorrhagic fluid. It also shows better staining and well-preserved cytomorphological features of the cell.
Introduction
Authors: Berthoud Anne-Claude
Published: July 2022

Le présent Cahier réunit des textes issus de l'équipe de recherche Lausanne/Genève du projet européen DYLAN 1 , des textes provenant pour une part du projet lui-même et d'autres en relationdirecte avec les thématiques du projet.

L’objectif essentiel du projet consiste à montrer en quoi et sous quelles conditions la diversité linguistique qui prévaut en Europe constitue un atout plutôt qu’un obstacle. Il vise en particulier à saisir en quoi la mise en œuvre de répertoires plurilingues contribue à la construction et au transfert des connaissances (atout cognitif) et intervient dans le contrôle de la communication, la résolution de problèmes et la prise de décision (atout stratégique), dans ladiversité des contextes économiques, politiques et éducatifs.
Les idées de W. Humboldt dans l’oeuvre du philosophe religieux russe de la première moitié du XXème siècle S. Bulgakov
Authors: Alexeeva Ekaterina
Published: July 2022

Le but de cet article est d’étudier la présence des idées de W. von Humboldt dans les ouvrages de Sergej Bulgakov, philosophe religieux russe de la première moitié du XXème siècle. Dans son livre La Philosophie du nom (Filosofija imeni) il lui consacre un chapitre «Le langage d’après Humboldt ».D’après Bulgakov, c’est chez cet auteur qu’il trouve les idées implicites les plus fondamentales sur la genèse de la parole et du langage, le lien entre la forme et le contenu. La question essentielle qui intéresse Bulgakov est de savoir comment se passe le processus d’établissement du lien entre le nom et la chose.De l’autre côté, Bulgakov intervient en tant que continuateur des idées des Pères de l’Église orientale : Denys l’Aréopagite, Saint Grégoirede Nysse. Bulgakov, comme ses précurseurs néoplatoniciens, insiste sur la nécessité de comprendre la capacité humaine de parler comme expression divine.
L’utilisation des textes de W. von Humboldt pour justifier la singularité slave dans l’ouvrage de P. J. Šafařík Les antiquités slaves (1837)
Authors: Glanc Tomáš
Published: July 2022

Cet article est consacré à la réception des idées humboldtiennes sur la langue et la culture dans l’oeuvre de P.J. Šafařík. C’est dans le cadre de l’idéologie du renouveau national que Šafařík transforme l’universalisme éclairé de Humboldt, en s’appuyant avant tout sur un travail de jeunesse de Humboldt «Prüfung der Untersuchungen über die Urbewohner Hispaniens vermittelst der Vaskischen Sprache» (1821). Il adapte à son projet slave l’idée d’une égalité entre les Slaves et les Grecs, qu’il cultive dans les décennies suivantes au moyen de renvois à un commun «MoyenÂge » mythique (Křížek). Une autre composante du programme antique de l’idéologie slave fut son travail de recherches philologiques et de traduction, qui adaptait au matériau slave la philologie germanophone classique. Humboldt construit l’identité idéale des langues avec leurs locuteurs, il récuse le concept de signe linguistique ; Šafařík oppose à la philologie des mentalités celle de la géopoétique et de la géopolitique. Humboldt fait de l’humanité un ensemble multiple, libéré de la prison du signe. La construction de Šafařík est séparatiste et (post-)coloniale: l’inscription du monde slave dans l’humanité se fait par la confrontation et des procédés de domination.
L’Asie centrale d’Alexander von Humboldt : un essai de géométrie naturaliste
Authors: Gorshenina Svetlana
Published: July 2022

Le but du présent article est d’analyser le mécanisme de construction de l’Asie centrale proposée par Alexandre von Humboldt (1769- 1859) dans ses ouvrages parus entre 1830 et 1843 (Mémoire sur les chaînes des montagnes et sur les volcans de l’Asie intérieure, et sur une nouvelle éruption volcanique dans la chaîne des Andes, 1830 ; Chaînes de montagnes et volcans de l’Asie-centrale, 1830 ; Asie centrale. Recherches sur les chaînes de montagnes et la climatologie comparée, 1843). Influencé par les idées prônant une organisation rationnelle de l’espace et s’appuyant notamment sur la vision du parallélisme orographique et sur la théorie du volcanisme, Humboldt propose une classification de la Terre fondée sur l’hypothèse suivante : la surface du globe n’est pas uniforme, mais régionalement différenciée, ce qui permet de souligner des configurations sur la base desquelles il est possible de distinguer des régions «naturelles» et géométriques qui deviennent par la suite des régions géographiques. De part et d’autre du 44,5ème parallèle, sur une largeur de 5° au nord et de 5° au sud de cette ligne, Humboldt délimite ainsi, entre autres, un ruban transasiatique combiné à un présupposé centre de l’Asie ; cette figure sera plus tard considérée comme étant sa définition unique de l’Asie centrale. L’impact intellectuel de son ouvrage sera si fort que les savants de l’époque accepteront presque à l’unanimité cette nouvelle approche de l’Asie centrale, ainsi que le vocabulaire utilisé.
Le problème de la nature de la langue et du langage chez les formalistes russes
Authors: Ivanova Irina
Published: July 2022

Les discussions des formalistes russes au sujet de la nature du langage et de la langue n’attirent pas beaucoup l’attention des historiens des idées linguistiques. Or, cet aspect du formalisme mérite une étude à part. Dans notre article, nous analysons les sources des théories linguistiques des formalistes russes, ainsi que les différentes approches de la langue et du langage qui coexistaient au sein de ce mouvement. Entre autres, cela nous permet d’aborder le problème de leurs interprétations des notions de fonction et de but.
Présentation Les grandes espérances
Authors: Simonato Elena
Published: July 2022

Cet ouvrage constitue les actes de la Journée d’études L’édification linguistique en URSS organisée par la Section de langues slaves et le CRECLECO (Centre de recherches en histoire et épistémologie comparée de la linguistiqued'Europe centrale et orientale) le 5 mars 2012 à l’Université de Lausanne.L’idée d’organiser cette Journée d’études est née lors du séminaire de licence/Bachelor-3 de la Section de langues et civilisations slaves au semestre d’automne 2007, intitulé Jazykovoe stroitel’stvo v SSSR, 1917- 1933. Teorii i dejstvitel’nost’. [L’édification linguistique en URSS : l’imaginaire et le choc du réel]. Le séminaire était dirigé par le Professeur Patrick Sériot, avec la participation d’Ekaterina Velmezova, Tatjana Zarubina, Sébastien Moret et moi-même.La journée a été conçue de manière à faire le bilan des recherches en cours dans différents pays – Suisse, France, Russie. Nous souhaitions que cette manifestation puisse alimenter nos réflexions en réunissant et en donnantla parole à des enseignants-chercheurs, des doctorants, des étudiants. Quant aux contenus de la Journée d’études, quelques lignes de forces ont aussi apparu nettement. Parmi elles, on peut relever l’accent mis sur l’édification des alphabets (P. Sériot, E. Simonato, E. Alexeeva) ou sur le contact des langues et des cultures (I. Thomières, P. Klubkov, E. Velmezova). Le caractère transdisciplinaire de cette Journée d’études a été bien présent. Ainsi l'histoire des idées, la linguistique et l’épistémologie ont dialogué.
Chasseurs de trésors linguistiques
Authors: Thomières Irina
Published: July 2022

Dans cet article, nous aborderons deux approches contrastives élaborées dans l’URSS. Dans les années 1920 elles avaient pour objectif la comparaison de deux langues pour mettre en évidence et décrire leurs différences structurelles. Dans les années 1920 (ILJAZV), les travaux s’effectuent sous la pression d’un besoin, d’une volonté extérieure, imposée. Dans les années 1960-débuts 1990 (l’Ecole typologique de Leningrad), en revanche, il s’agit d’un contexte essentiellement théorique, lié aux compétences des chercheurs qui composent l’Ecole.
Le carélien : une langue à cinq visages
Authors: Simonato Elena
Published: July 2022

Dans cet article, nous analyserons les raisons qui permettaient de parler, dans l’URSS des années 1920-1930, d’une langue carélienne différente du finnois. Pour ce faire, nous nous baserons sur les théories développées par les leaders de l’édification linguistique. La définition du carélien en tant que langue à part entière était alors plus qu’une dispute de linguistes : la dénomination cachait des enjeux ontologiques et politiques.
La phonologie et la phonétique appliquée au département de phonétique de l’université de Leningrad (1950-1970)
Authors: Svetozarova Natalia
Published: July 2022

Cet article explore une période particulièrement riche de l’histoire de la phonologie en Russie, à savoir les années 1950-1970. Il décrit les activités du département de phonétique de l’Université de Leningrad, dont les recherches se fondaient sur les découvertes du linguiste Lev Ščerba. L’article se focalise sur la phonologie dite «leningradoise» et sur ses différences d’avec les autres écoles phonologiques. L’auteur décrypte notamment le lien entre la théorie phonologique et la pratique dans deux domaines, à savoir l’enseignement des langues étrangères et la collaboration transdisciplinaire avec les téléphonistes et les orthophonistes.
La haute société
Authors: Kolesov Vladimir Viktorovic , Simonato Elena , Moret Sébastien
Published: July 2022

La vie et la carrière scientifique et pédagogique de Vladimir Viktorovič Kolesov sont indissolublement liées avec l’Université de Saint- Pétersbourg. Il y enseigna et publia plus de 600 travaux. Son champs d’intérêts scientifiques est très vaste et varié : il s’intéressa à l’histoire de l’accentuation russe, à la dialectologie historique, aux problèmes actuels de culture langagière, et à la relation langue/mentalité. Comme les titres de ses monographies nous l’indiquent, il se consacra aussi bien à des problèmes traditionnels de russistique historique, comme dans ses ouvrages Istoričeskaja fonetika russkogo jazyka [’Phonétique historique du russe’] (1980), Drevnerusskij literaturnyj jazyk [’Le vieux-russe littéraire’] (1989), qu’à des questions sujettes à discussion qui n’ont pas encore trouvé de réponse définitive dans la linguistique, à savoir Slovo i delo [’Les mots et les choses’] (2001), Russkaja mental’nost’ v jazyke i tekste [’La mentalité russe dans la langue et dans le texte’] (2006), Realism i nominalizm v russkoj filosofii jazyka [’Réalisme et nominalisme dans la philosophie du langage en Russie’] (2007). Il s’est fait connaître comme chercheur original et sérieux.
Qu’est-ce qu’un discours de communication publique ?
Authors: Burger Marcel
Published: July 2022

Cette contribution propose une définition élargie, respectivement restreinte des discours de communication publique. Peu étudiés dans le domaine des sciences du langage et dans celui des sciences de la communication, les discours de communication publique sont essentiels pour comprendre les enjeux des sociétés contemporaines. C’est en effet dans et par le discours – c’est-à-dire la dimension langagière de la communication – que se construisent et se légitiment les institutions publiques et l’Appareil d’Etat. C’est aussi dans et par le discours que se construisent les espaces publics et se négocient les significations qui définissent le rapport à la citoyenneté d’une société.
The Discourse System of Financial Communication
Authors: Rocci Andrea
Published: July 2022

L’article présente une approche de l’étude du discours de la finance capable de relier l’articulation pragmatique et rhétorique des textes, la définition des genres de discours et le fonctionnement social et institutionnel d’un vaste domaine d’activité humaine. Un modèle théorique du fonctionnement du discours en contexte social est présenté et appliqué à la reconstruction de la sphère financière et de son « système de genres ». Les articles de presse économique-financière offrent une courte illustration de la manière dont cette approche peut éclairer le fonctionnement pragmatique et rhétorique d’un genre particulier et l’analyse de textes individuels.
Construction et déconstruction des éthos dans les débats médiatiques
Authors: Lonfat Valentin
Published: July 2022

Dans la perspective ouverte par Ruth Amossy et Patrick Charaudeau, cette étude reprend à son compte la distinction entre l’ethos discursif (l’image que se construit le locuteur dans son discours) et l’ethos préalable (l’image préexistante du locuteur). Son propos est de démontrer qu’au contraire des thèses aristotéliciennes, il y a non seulement une étroite relation entre ces deux types d’images, mais que l’ethos discursif ne peut aussi etsurtout être déchiffré que sur le fond de son ethos préalable. Pour se faire, elle se penche sur deux études de cas extraites d’un débat télévisé mettant en scène un enseignant tentant de se départir d’une mauvaise réputation préalable qu’ils s’est notamment forgée suite à certains propos controversés tenus sur les femmes et la lapidation. Cet article analyse donc les différentes stratégies rhétoriques permettant à un énonciateur de déconstruire les images négatives que la doxa lui attribue pour s’en créer de nouvelles plus conformes à ses projets argumentatifs et ce, par la seule vertu du langage.
L’argument environnemental dans le discours publicitaire suisse romand
Authors: Glerum Elodie
Published: July 2022

Ce travail souhaite traiter de l’argument environnemental dans le discours publicitaire. Il se penche plus précisément sur son emploi dans l’espace public suisse romand en analysant sept publicités diffusées dans les gares dans le courant du mois de mai 2012. Tenant compte des exemples cités, il formule l’hypothèse de trois types d’arguments : (i) alarmistes, (ii) individualistes et (iii) corporatistes. Aussi cette recherche envisage-t-elle l’argument environnemental comme une ressource communicative particulièrement efficace qui vise tantôt à valoriser l’ethos du consommateur, tantôt celui de l’entreprise qui fait la promotion d’un bien ou d’un service. Il s’agit enfin d’aborder les stratégies de greenwashing qui consistent, pour des entreprises, à recourir à des arguments éco-responsables, alors même que ces dernières sont reconnues pour être peu vertueuses en matière environnementale.
Pennies From the Pure Land: Practicing the Dharma, Hanging Out, and Raising Funds for the Oldest Buddhist Temple Outside Asia
Authors: Wilson Jeff
Published: July 2022

Jōdo Shinshū temples outside of Asia draw on mutually-reinforcing networks of Dharma practice, social association, and fundraising/labour to meet community and individual needs. These three phenomena rarely, if ever, occur apart from one another. Rather, each is an indelible aspect of the others, such that fundraising is a form of Dharma practice, gathering with peers is a way to raise money, and Buddhism is practiced as a form of group solidarity and support. These tight weaves have enabled temples to thrive in racially and religiously hostile lands, under changing economic circumstances, and through periods of stability, war, and natural disaster. This article takes as its case study the Honpa Hongwanji Hilo Betsuin, on the Big Island of Hawai’i, especially the late 20th century building of their multipurpose Sangha Hall. Fundraising for the building demonstrated the necessity of Dharma, social, and economic activities for the financial health of the temple.
Bottom-up en la planificación del turismo sostenible: el caso de las comunidades del litoral santaelenense en Ecuador
Authors: Yumisaca Tuquinga Jhony , Plaza Hidalgo Silvia Zulema , Mendoza Tarabó Efrén
Published: July 2022

Constantemente el turismo genera una serie de interrelaciones que inducen a los planificadores a proponer acciones que satisfagan tanto a demandantes y actores locales y, que mediante enfoques adecuados de gestión mitiguen los impactos negativos del modelo segregado que a menudo se denotan en los diferentes destinos costeros. En este contexto, se pretende definir un modelo de planificación del turismo en comunidades de Santa Elena que integren políticas públicas, aspectos de sostenibilidad, de democracia y la endogeneidad, por tanto, fue necesario tomar el enfoque bottom-up, atribuyendo la importancia de los comuneros en el empoderamiento de los procesos de planificación sostenible y su contribución en la conversión de territorio a destino turístico en el contexto de sus potencialidades; por consiguiente, se atribuye un proceso metodológico de investigación exploratorio-descriptivo de corte transversal, misma que fue desarrollada en cuatro etapas: revisión bibliográfica, análisis de percepción del turismo y su planificación, diseño del modelo y la valoración del mismo. Como resultado se presenta un modelo integrado basado en una metodología concreta e indicadores, que articulados desde sus actores orienta una planificación del turismo desde la concepción y aprovechamiento de los recursos endógenos y exógenos.
Mano de obra y productividad en la citricultura del valle del río Valdivia, Santa Elena
Authors: Reyes Perero Ana , Orrala Borbor Néstor
Published: July 2022

La citricultura en Ecuador ha alcanzado un alto grado de dinamismo, en la provincia de Santa Elena por su vocación agrícola esta actividad constituye el sustento para un gran número de familias de la zona, sin embargo, los agricultores en su mayoría enfrentan condiciones de pobreza y marginación estatal, por lo que el objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar la mano de obra y productividad de la citricultura, misma que se desarrolla en la zona norte de la provincia. Se tomó como población a todos los miembros de la Asociación de Citricultores del valle del río Valdivia, Santa Elena. Para la realización del estudio se utilizó un diseño metodológico no experimental de carácter cuantitativo, fundamentado en la aplicación de un formulario a través de encuestas basada en variables socioeconómicas, sistema productivo y de talento humano. Se determinó que un gran número de pequeño productores tienen bajo  nivel de educación,  que la mayoría de fincas son de tipo familiar por la reducida superficie de sus predios, que la organización del trabajo es realizada según su extensión por el productor  y su  núcleo de parentesco; que es administrada y  depende primordialmente del trabajo familiar,  la tecnología es de carácter artesanal que se refleja en la producción, la que se puede mejorar con capacitación y asistencia técnica por parte de organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Se concluye que la citricultura que se desarrolla en el valle del río Valdivia es de subsistencia.
Gestión Sostenible: Diversificación turística para mejorar la oferta en las Siete Cascadas, cantón Naranjal
Authors: Costa Sosa Maria Valeria , Linzán Rodríguez Jessica Soraya
Published: July 2022

La gestión sostenible normaliza los valores éticos y medioambientales que sirven para el desarrollo y potencialidad  de las comunidades. El problema abordado en este trabajo fue lograr una gestión sustentable mediante la evaluación de las fallas del emprendimiento con el fin de diversificar la oferta turística del destino de las Siete Cascadas en el cantón Naranjal. El principal objetivo es identificar los elementos que inciden en su desempeño actual para mejorar el servicio prestado. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo mixto (cualitativa y cuantitativa), las técnicas de ambos enfoques se utilizan para medir la relación entre las variables independientes con la variable dependiente, se utiliza el método de juicio de expertos medido por el Coeficiente de Validez de Coincidencia. Para la validación del instrumento diseñado (encuesta tipo test) y la confiabilidad se utilizó el estadístico Alfa de Cronbach, la evaluación de las correlaciones se calculó utilizando el programa SPSS y Microsoft Word Excel. La principal conclusión del mismo radica en la identificación de las carencias de cada una de las dimensiones de la variable principal y la fortaleza que ésta tiene para lograr la diversificación del destino turístico designado, siendo la dimensión de Servicios la más negativa y dentro de esta los indicadores de alquiler de implementos y equipos para cada oferta turística: la gestión de residuos, mala armonización de la iluminación y señalización con el medio ambiente y el sistema de seguridad.
Reprogramming of the biosynthetic network of Daphniphyllum alkaloids into a chemically synthetic network through generalized biomimetic strategies
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Lu Ming , Ren Lu , Zhang Xiang , Yang Peng , Li Ang
Published: July 2022

Biomimetic synthesis is a fundamental approach to the chemical synthesis of natural products, which, due to the intrinsic correlation between the biogenesis and the structure of natural products, offers many advantages. Conventional biomimetic strategies have evolved on a principle featuring “(essentially) the same substrates, similar reactions, and similar pathways”, which defines the pattern of biomimetic synthesis from the structural, mechanistic, and sequential perspectives. In practice, such highly imitative approaches have proved considerably feasible and efficient. However, applicability of this type of approach is also limited by the principle. To enhance the power of biomimetic synthesis, we envision generalized biomimetic strategies focusing on the key bond formation/cleavage sites implied by the biogenesis of natural products, which allow us to take full advantage of altered substrates, reactions, and pathways while retaining the inherent advantages of biomimetic synthesis. In this study, we showcased the utility of generalized biomimetic strategies in the synthesis of fourteen Daphniphyllum alkaloids from the macrodaphniphyllamine, calyciphylline A, daphnilongeranin A, and daphnicyclidin D subfamilies. The biosynthetic network of these alkaloids was reprogrammed into a powerful chemically synthetic network through substrate-, reaction-, and pathway-altering biomimetic strategies.
Anisotropic mechanical properties of monolayer fullerene network: An interplay between two types of interfullerene bonds
Authors: Ying Penghua , Zhong Zheng , Zhang Jin
Published: July 2022

As a newly synthesised two-dimensional (2D) carbon material, mechanical properties of the monolayer fullerene network or, namely, quasi-hexagonal-phase fullerene (qHP C60) [Hou et al., Nature, 606, 507-510 (2022)] are almost unexplored. In this work, first-principles calculations were conducted to reveal the elastic properties and fracture behaviours of monolayer qHP C60, both of which are strongly anisotropic. Specifically, the Young’s modulus (166 GPa) and the Poisson’s ratio (0.12) in the minimum direction of monolayer qHP C60 are both smaller than any other synthesized 2D carbon crystal materials. In addition, the qHP C60 monolayer stretched along the direction of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition bond is found to possess a larger tensile strength (fracture strain) and exhibit a more complicated crack pattern. The robustness of monolayer qHP C60 under mechanical loading and the sensitivity of its band gap to loading suggest that the strain engineering is an effective method to modulate the electronic properties of monolayer qHP C60, which is found to be especially more efficient when the loading is perpendicular to the [2 + 2] cycloaddition bond. These findings suggest that monolayer qHP C60 could be a potential candidate in developing flexible 2D electronic devices with strain-tunable performance.
Colloidal black gold with broadband absorption for photothermal conversion and plasmon-assisted crosslinking of thiolated diazonium compound
Authors: M. Sarhan Radwan , Kogikoski Jr Sergio , M. Schürmann Robin , Zhao Yuhang , Krause Andreas , Schmidt Bernd , Bald Ilko , Lu Yan
Published: July 2022

Broadband light absorbers are very attractive for many applications, including solar energy conversion, photothermal therapy, and plasmonic nanocatalysis. Black gold nanoparticles are an excellent example of broadband light absorbers in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges; however, their synthesis typically requires multi-step deposition and/or high temperatures. Herein, we report the synthesis of black gold via a facile, one-step green method using commonly known precursors (chloroauric acid and sodium citrate) performed at room temperature. The formation of the black gold particles is driven by self-assembly of in-situ formed small nanoparticles (~ 5 nm) followed by a fusion step forming extensive networks of nanowires. These assemblies form intense hotspots for enhancing the electric field as well as the local temperature. Thus, the nanowires exhibit a strong photothermal effect and a good SERS performance. A high temperature up to 47 °C was recorded in the colloidal solution upon NIR irradiation, while the high SERS signal enhancement is used to monitor the kinetics of plasmon-assisted de-nitrogenation and cross-linking of designed thiolated benzenediazonium molecules. Our work offers new possibility to design efficient light absorbing materials to achieve good solar-to-chemical/thermal energy conversion.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for the Detection of Electrochemically Generated Hydroxyl Radicals: Issues Associated with Electrochemical Oxidation of the Spin Trap
Authors: Braxton Emily , Fox David , Breeze Ben , Tully Joshua , Levey Katherine , Newton Mark , Macpherson Julie
Published: July 2022

For the detection of electrochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) from the oxidation of water, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) in combination with spin trap labels is a popular technique. Here we show that quantification of the true concentration of OH˙ generated from water oxidation via electrochemical (EC)-EPR is unlikely. This is primarily due to the spin trap oxidising at potentials less positive than water and resulting in the same spin trap adduct as is formed from the solution reaction of OH˙ with the spin trap. We illustrate this through consideration of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) to spin trap OH˙. DMPO oxidation on a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode in stationary solution occurs at a peak current potential of +1.90 V vs SCE, water oxidation commences at +2.35 V vs SCE. EC-EPR spectra shows signatures due to the hydroxyl spin adduct (DMPO-OH˙) at potentials lower than the thermodynamic standard water/HO˙ potential and in the region for DMPO oxidation. Increasing the potential into the water oxidation region, surprisingly, shows a lower DMPO-OH˙ concentration than when the potential is in the DMPO oxidation region. This behavior is attributed to further oxidation of DMPO-OH˙, production of fouling products on the electrode surface and bubble formation. Radical scavengers (ethanol) and other spin traps, here N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN), α-(4-pyridyl N-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane dimer (MNP), also show oxidation signals less positive than that of water. However, by monitoring ethanol-DMPO adduct versus DMPO-OH˙ product distributions as a function of applied potential, it is possible to identify the potential at which HO˙ generation via water oxidation starts to dominate.
Probing Local Environments of Oxygen Vacancies Responsible for Hydration in Sc-doped Barium Zirconates at Elevated Temperatures: In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetry, and Active Learning Ab Initio Replica Exchange Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Hoshino Kenta , Kasamatsu Shusuke , Hyodo Junji , Yamamoto Kentaro , Setoyama Hiroyuki , Okajima Toshihiro , Yamazaki Yoshihiro
Published: July 2022

Proton-conducting oxides, specifically heavily Sc-doped barium zirconate perovskite, have attracted attention as electrolytes for intermediate-temperature protonic ceramic fuel cells because of their high proton conductivity and high chemical stability against carbon dioxide in that temperature regime. Hydration is a key reaction for incorporating protons by filling oxygen vacancies, VO, with hydroxyl groups and activating proton conduction in the perovskite. However, probing the local environment of oxygen vacancies responsible for hydration is challenging because the behavior depends on the temperature and water partial pressure, which necessitates in situ observations and calculations of the local environments at elevated temperatures. To obtain such information, we combined in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for both the Sc and Zr K-edges, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffractometry, and active learning ab initio replica exchange Monte Carlo (RXMC) simulations in undoped and 20–40 at% Sc-doped barium zirconates at and below 800 °C. The presence of oxygen vacancies adjacent to Sc and Zr in the dehydrated samples and the hydration of these oxygen vacancies under a wet atmosphere were probed by in situ XAS for Sc and Zr pre-edges at elevated temperatures. Here, the microscopic hydration linearly responds to the macroscopic degree of hydration. RXMC sampling further supports the presence of Sc-VO-Zr and Sc-VO-Sc environments. An initial hydration occurs in the Sc-VO-Zr environment at and above 600 °C, but the Sc-VO-Sc environment contribution is greater at higher degrees of hydration. The Zr-Vo-Zr environment is the least abundant among them for the whole temperature range examined and thus has a negligible impact.
I. BERLIN ON ROMANTICISM AS A DIRECTION EUROPEAN THOUGHT
Authors: Потамская Вера Павловна
Published: July 2022

По мнению Берлина, романтическое движение в Германии, направленное против монизма Просвещения, во многом благодаря влиянию философских воззрений Фихте, стало большим поворотом в европейском сознании, разрушившим основы традиционных установлений и повлиявшим на европейскую мысль. Указывается, что, в отличие от предшествующей традиции, в центре романтического движения находилось прославление множественности, разнообразия как в искусстве, так и в философской мысли. Отмечается, что романтизм имел как положительные последствия (представление о множественности и несоизмеримости ценностей), так и негативные (национализм и фашизм).

According to Berlin, the romantic movement in Germany against the monism of the Enlightenment, largely due to the influence of Fichte's philosophical views, was a major turn in European consciousness, destroying the foundations of traditional institutions and influencing European thought. It is pointed out that, unlike the previous tradition, the glorification of plurality, diversity, both in art and in philosophical thought, was at the center of the romantic movement. It is noted that romanticism had both positive consequences (the idea of the plurality and incommensurability of values) and negative ones (nationalism and fascism).
REVIEW OF THE PRACTICE OF INTERNAL STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL BY THE FEDERAL TREASURY AND METHODS FOR ASSESSING ITS EFFECTIVENESS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Lysenko Anastasia A. , Svyatov Dmitry A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The article reveals the fundamental issues of the implementation by the Federal Treasury of control measures in the financial and budgetary sphere. The procedural aspect of the stages of the control activities of the Treasury of Russia is determined. An analysis of control measures for 2018-2020 was carried out. The main problems of the implementation of internal state financial control (hereinafter — the internal GFC) for the specified period are identified. The necessity and ways to increase the effectiveness of the Federal Treasury as an internal GFC body are determined. The need for the development of analytical support that regulates the assessment of the effectiveness of control activities is substantiated. It has been established that the unfavorable epidemiological situation has affected the reduction in the number of control measures, including field ones, which affects both the reduction of control objects and the development of digitalization of budgetary powers. The category of evaluation of the effectiveness of control activities is disclosed as a comprehensive dynamic analytical process for monitoring control activities in order to result in information about the current state and procedures for the functioning of the internal GFC system. A methodology for assessing the effectiveness of control activities is proposed, according to which the analytical support for assessing the effectiveness of the control activities of the Treasury of Russia are indicators that can be used to assess the state of planning, conducting, formalizing and implementing the results of control activities, considering complaints against control bodies and preparation of annual reports on control activities. The ways of further development of the internal GFC are substantiated, including the problematic aspects of analytical support and strengthening its role in the management of public finances.