bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metaphor and Irony comprehension in typically developing school children: a pilot study
Authors: Ferreira Claúdia , Alegria Rita , Rocha Joana Antonieta
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to analyse irony and metaphor comprehension of Portuguese school age children and analyse some of their individual differences, investigating if such factors may play a role in the comprehension of these two language elements.
Two European-portuguese versions of stories from the instrument ‘Stories from Everyday Life’ were used to assess irony and metaphor comprehension in a sample of 30 children with 8 years in a Portuguese private educational institution. Individual differences (e.g., gender, number of siblings, parents’ educational levels and family history of speech and/or language disorders) were also considered.
Children were able to understand metaphors and irony, as previously observed in other studies (e.g. Dews & Winner, 1997; Özçalışkan, 2007; Özçalişkan, 2005; Özçalışkan, 2007; Stites & Özçalişkan, 2013 Pexman & Glenwright, 2007). Results regarding individual differences on children’s performances showed that: i) male children performed better in both stories; ii) two children who presented a family history of speech and/or language disorders obtained lower scores than their peers; iii) two children whose parents had lower educational level than other families of participants performed worse than their peers; and iv) children who had more siblings performed better in both stories.
Children’s performances on both stories were positively correlated. No signiﬁcant gender differences were found regarding irony and metaphor comprehension, however, a slight advantage was found in male children. The number of siblings was positively associated with metaphor and irony comprehension. More research is needed to clarify the influence of developmental and social variables in metaphor and irony comprehension.
Reseña/Review (Prádanos, Luis I., “Postgrowth Imaginaries. New ecologies and counterhegemonic culture in post-2008 Spain”, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, ISBN: 978-1-78694-134-3, 246 págs., 2018)
Authors: Almazán Gómez Adrián
Published: January 2021

Reseña/Review (Prádanos, Luis I., “Postgrowth Imaginaries. New ecologies and counterhegemonic culture in post-2008 Spain”, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, ISBN: 978-1-78694-134-3, 246 págs., 2018)
Reseña/Review (Marxen, Eva ‘Deinstitutionalizing Art of the No-madic Museum. Practicing and Theorizing Critical Art Therapy with Adolescents’, New York, Routledge, ISBN: 978-1-351-11666-4 (ebk), 238 págs. 2020)
Authors: González Gutiérrez Luis Felipe
Published: January 2021

Reseña/Review (Marxen, Eva ‘Deinstitutionalizing Art of the Nomadic Museum. Practicing and Theorizing Critical Art Therapy with Adolescents’, New York, Routledge, ISBN: 978-1-351-11666-4 (ebk), 238 págs. 2020)
Reseña/Review (Tuñón, Esperanza y Mena, Ramón, “Género y TIC”, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, ISBN: 978-607-8429-63-9, 541 págs., 2018)
Authors: Rosado Pérez Edi Zoila
Published: January 2021

Reseña/Review (Tuñón, Esperanza y Mena, Ramón, “Género y TIC”, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, ISBN: 978-607-8429-63-9, 541 págs., 2018)
Clinical, MRI, and Histopathological Features of Hypothalamic Neuronal Hamartoma in a Young Vizsla
Authors: Bibbiani Leonardo , Canal Sara , Marabese Daiana , Mandara Maria T. , Foiani Greta , Balducci Federica , Bernardini Marco
Published: January 2021

Human hypothalamic neuronal hamartomas are rare, nonprogressive, congenital malformations of the hypothalamus that do not expand or metastasize to other locations. A 1 yr old female vizsla was presented for progressive intracranial multifocal neurological signs already present since adoption at 3 mo of age. MRI of the brain showed an ill-defined, intra-axial, space-occupying, nonenhancing lesion located in the ventral middle cranial fossa. Histopathological examination was consistent with hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma. This is the first report describing clinical, imaging, and histopathological features of a hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma in a dog. These findings are compared with the human counterparts.
Museums as Learning Spaces: A Case Study of Enhancing ESP Students’ Language Skills in Kuwait University
Authors: AlAjlan Munirah
Published: January 2021

A number of studies have looked at the use of videos, audios, worksheets, and games as tools in language teaching/learning. Some studies have recommended art galleries as a space for language learning. This study investigated the use of museums for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) language learning. The study focused on engineering students studying in their third year at Kuwait University. The study aimed to provide an approach aimed at helping ESP instructors to teach materials to students in a fun, creative way. The study employed 11 engineering male students in a fieldtrip to one of the two science museums in Kuwait. Students were asked to write a narrative journal about their experience at the museum. The results showed that students’ narratives were written creatively, following the narrative structure block. The results also showed that it may be useful to introduce this type of learning to ESP courses because the museum has a great deal of information to exhibit, unlike traditional ESP books, which present limited scientific information. The study suggests that ESP (and ESL) courses should implement museum visits because such excursions have a significant impact on students’ language learning.
CaF2 Coated Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O2 Microspheres with Enhanced Electrochemical Performances as Lithium Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: ZHOU Yunlong , ZHAO Chenhao , LIU Kaiyu , HU Zhibiao , XU Qing , WANG Yingjie , XIAO Liping
Published: January 2021

Surface modification has been one of most effective methods to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium rich layered oxides. In this paper, the Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O2 microspheres are prepared by urea assisted combustion route, and then coated with proper amount of CaF2. XRD and SEM results show surface modification has not changed the structure of Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O2, and a uniform coating layer can be obtained. As lithium ion battery cathode, the optimal CaF2 (i.e, 2wt%) coated sample presents a high initial discharge capacity of 223 mAh·g-1 with Coulombic efficiency of 80.5% at 0.1C, which is much better than that of pristine sample. Also, a high discharge capacity of 119 mAh·g-1 can be obtained for CaF2 coated sample at 5C. The improved electrochemical performance may be attributed the formation of fast Li ion conductor on the surface supported by EIS study.
β-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane Particles Prepared by Spray Drying and its Characterization
Authors: XU Wenzheng , LI Hao , LIANG Xin , WANG Jie , PENG Jinyu , WANG Jingyu
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the ultrafine β-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (β – CL – 20) particles were prepared by spray drying method. The CL – 20 samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Furthermore, the safety properties of samples under impact and thermal stimulus were tested and analyzed. The results of SEM showed that the average particle size of ultrafine CL – 20 particles with a narrow particle size distribution, were about 320 nm, and the shape was elliptical. The XRD patterns indicated that the polymorphic phase of ultrafine particles was mainly β-type. Compared with that of raw CL – 20, the impact sensitivity of the ultrafine CL – 20 had been decreased significantly, for the drop height (H50) was increased from 13.0 to 33.5 cm. The critical explosion temperature of the ultrafine CL – 20 decreased from 232.16 ℃ to 227.93 ℃, indicating that the thermal stability of the ultrafine CL – 20 is lower than that of raw CL – 20.
Experimental Study, Characterization and Performance Test of Epoxy Cyclohexane-Based Transparent Polyurethane Material
Authors: WANG Xuemei , GUI Xiang , QI Yingping , SHEN Yongfeng , LI Hua
Published: January 2021

A novel epoxy cyclohexane-based polyurethane material was synthesized from a self-made epoxy cyclohexane-tetrahydrofuran (CHO-THF) co-polyether. Due to the special rigid six-membered ring skeleton in the polyether molecular chain, the polyurethane materials have excellent mechanical properties, good optical transparency and weather resistance. In this paper, the synthesis process of the epoxy cyclohexane-based polyurethane material was studied and the properties of the material were tested. The results showed that curing parameters R value had effects on the mechanical properties and optical transparency of the material.
Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy after Cyclic Heat Treatment
Authors: ZHANG Zhixiong , WU Ruirui , HOU Jie , WANG Tao
Published: January 2021

A cost-effective approach which consists of cyclic heat treatment (CHT) and annealing is used to refine the coarse lamellar structure of as-cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The coarse lamellar microstructure was significantly refined after the CHT process, α lamellae were broken up while the original orientations of α lamellae were maintained. After annealing treatment, a basketweave microstructure was achieved in Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the formation of globular α grains was observed. The microstructure refinement mechanisms during CHT and annealing are mainly considered to be break-up of lamellar structure and static recrystallization. The room temperature mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were significantly improved. The microhardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased from 306 HV to 402 HV. The values of yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 734 MPa and 740 MPa to 911 MPa and 1010 MPa, respectively. The value of ductility increased from 1.1 % to 3.3 %.
Entscheidung über die Vornahme eines Schwangerschaftsabbruchs: Plädoyer für ein Alleinentscheidungsrecht der einsichts- und urteilsfähigen Minderjährigen – Anmerkung zu OLG Hamm, Beschluss vom 29.11.2019 – 12 UF 236/19
Authors: Antomo Jennifer
Published: January 2021

Möchte eine minderjährige Schwangere ihre Schwangerschaft abbrechen, war nach der bisheri­gen Rechtsprechung der deutschen Oberlandesgerichte stets die Einwilligung ihrer Eltern oder sonstigen Sorgeberechtigten in den ärztlichen Eingriff erforderlich. Mit dieser Rechtsprechung hat das Oberlandesgericht Hamm Ende 2019 gebrochen. Ein 16 Jahre altes Mädchen befand sich in der elften Schwangerschaftswoche und wollte die Schwangerschaft abbrechen. Straf­rechtlich war dies nach erfolgter Beratung durch eine zuständige Beratungsstelle nicht unter­sagt (§218a Abs.1 StGB). Zivilrechtlich stellte sich aber die Frage, ob die Einwilligung der Eltern erforderlich war, die gem. Art.6 Abs.2 GG und §1626 BGB zur elterlichen Sorge für ihr minderjähriges Kind berechtigt und verpflichtet sind. Der Vater des Mädchens war mit der Abtreibung einverstanden, die Mutter lehnte sie jedoch aus religiösen Gründen entschieden ab. Das OLG Hamm attestierte der schwangeren Minderjährigen die erforderliche individuelle Reife und Einsichtsfähigkeit, um selbst über den Schwangerschaftsabbruch zu entscheiden, und hielt ihre Einwilligung für ausreichend. Damit hat es Minderjährige in ihrem verfassungsrecht­lich geschützten Selbstbestimmungsrecht gestärkt und aus Sicht der Verfasserin eine Entschei­dung getroffen, der Zustimmung gebührt.
Wer ist die Mutter des Kindes? Selbstverständlichkeit und Mehrdeutigkeit der Mutterschaft im Recht
Authors: Willekens Harry
Published: January 2021

Wer ist die Mutter des Kindes? Über Jahrhunderte hinweg wurde die Antwort für so selbstver­ständlich gehalten, dass die Frage nicht einmal gestellt zu werden brauchte: Die Mutter war, wie bis jetzt auch in §1591 BGB aufgeführt, die Frau, die das Kind geboren hatte. Die Selbstverständlichkeit dieser Regel wird durch drei jüngere Entwicklungen in Frage ge­stellt. Erstens ist die Leihmutterschaft in Deutschland zwar verboten, aber trotzdem wird der elterliche Status der Wunscheltern eines im Ausland von einer Leihmutter geborenen Kindes in Deutschland manchmal gerichtlich anerkannt (obwohl unklar bleibt, ob dafür das Kindeswohl oder das genetische Band zwischen Kind und Wunscheltern entscheidend ist). Zweitens ist seit einiger Zeit die gleichgeschlechtliche Adoption möglich und werden in der Zukunft auch ande­re Formen der gleichgeschlechtlichen Elternschaft anerkannt werden, so dass ein Kind jetzt zwei Mütter haben kann, von denen eine das Kind mit Sicherheit nicht geboren hat. Drittens haben die sukzessiven Lockerungen im früher rigiden Regime der Geschlechtseintragung dazu geführt, dass nun auch eine rechtlich als Mann betrachtete Person Mutter eines vor der Ge­schlechtsänderung geborenen Kindes bleiben kann, und auch dass einem Kind, das nach der Geschlechtsänderung von einem rechtlichen Mann geboren wird, keine Mutter mehr zugeord­net werden kann. In diesem Essay werden die inneren Widersprüche des rechtlichen Umgangs mit dem Mutter­schaftsbegriff analysiert. Diese Widersprüche haben ihren Ursprung darin, dass das Recht ei­nerseits weiterhin von einem Bild der Mutterschaft als etwas natürlich Vorgegebenes und recht­lich Unverrückbares ausgeht, andererseits doch pragmatische, aber halbherzige Lösungen sucht für Konstellationen, die mit diesem Bild nicht vereinbar sind.
Domain Analysis Applied to Online Graffiti Art Image Galleries to Reveal Knowledge Organization Structures Used Within an Outsider Art Community
Authors: Graf Ann M.
Published: January 2021

Domain analysis is useful for examination of individual spheres of intellectual activity, both academic and otherwise, and has been used in the knowledge organization (KO) literature to explore specific communities and uses, including web pornography (Beaudoin and Ménard 2015), virtual online worlds (Sköld, Olle 2015), gourmet cooking (Hartel 2010), healthy eating (McTavish 2015), art studies (Ørom 2003), the Knowledge Organization journal (Guimarães et al. 2013), and domain analysis itself (Smiraglia 2015). The results of domain analyses are useful for the development of controlled vocabularies, taxonomies, ontologies, metadata schemas, and other systems for the documentation, description, and discovery of resources, as well as for knowledge discovery in general (Smiraglia 2015; Hjørland 2017). This research describes a methodology for the elucidation of knowledge organization systems (KOS) currently in use on image websites that document graffiti, graffiti art, and street art around the world.
An applied ontology-Oriented Case Study to Distinguish Public and Private Institutions Through Their Documents
Authors: Pinto Jaime A. , Almeida Mauricio B.
Published: January 2021

The institutions we create shape many of the activities we engage insofar as they are pervasive entities in our society. In an era full of new technologies, including the semantic web, there is a movement toward sound conceptual modeling for socio-technical solutions applied to government institutions. To develop these complex solutions, one needs to deepen the ontological status of entities in the institutional domain, because literature is full of ambiguous and ad-hoc hypotheses about distinctions between public and private corporations. We believe we can find better explanations for such distinctions in the interdisciplinary field of library a information science. Within an ongoing semantic web project, we focus on a study case of official documents. First, we analyze theories about public and private corporations, seeking a reliable on‘tological distinction between them; then, by focusing on documents produced by each type of corporation, we hope to provide a well-founded analysis. Second, we adopt the aforementioned theories and the new analysis as recommendations for the improvement for the access and understanding of public documents, through appropriate classification of them within government information systems. This project, ultimately, aims to maximize the transparency of public government documents by favoring retrieval and comprehension by a society with plenty of automated information systems.
Die elektronische Person
Authors: Kleiner Cornelius
Published: January 2021

Decisions of computer programs not based on individual case programming but on artificial intelligence cannot be attributed to a human operator. Deployment of such programs can in turn lead to difficulites with regards to the application of legal concepts. This is true whether such programs are used to interact with third parties physically through actuators or by way of a legal transaction. These problems are not addressed by the current German civil code. Therefore, the creation of a new legal entity called „Elektronische Person“ as a subject of attribution and liability is proposed and conceptualized.
An Overview of Characteristics of Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing–Based Testing for Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Zhang Bing M. , Keegan Alissa , Li Peng , Lindeman Neal I. , Nagarajan Rakesh , Routbort Mark J. , Vasalos Patricia , Kim Annette S. , Merker Jason D.
Published: January 2021

Context.—

With the increasing integration of molecular alterations into the evaluation of hematologic malignancies (HM), somatic mutation profiling by next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a common clinical testing strategy. Limited data are available about the characteristics of these assays.

Objective.—

To describe assay characteristics, specimen requirements, and reporting practices for NGS-based HM testing using College of American Pathologists proficiency testing survey data.

Design.—

The College of American Pathologists NGS Hematologic Malignancies Survey (NGSHM) results from 78 laboratories were used to determine laboratory practices in NGS-based HM testing.

Results.—

The majority of laboratories performed tumor-only (88.5% [69 of 78]), targeted sequencing of cancer genes or mutation hotspots (98.7% [77 of 78]); greater than 90% performed testing on fresh bone marrow and peripheral blood. The majority of laboratories reported a 5% lower limit of detection for single-nucleotide variants (73.1% [57 of 78]) and small insertions and deletions (50.6% [39 of 77]). A majority of laboratories used benchtop sequencers and custom enrichment approaches.

Conclusions.—

This manuscript summarizes the characteristics of clinical NGS-based testing for the detection of somatic variants in HM. These data may be broadly useful to inform laboratory practice and quality management systems, regulation, and oversight of NGS testing, and precision medicine efforts using a data-driven approach.
Resistencias desde la periferia: población Rrom en España
Authors: Gutiérrez José David
Published: January 2021

El artículo analiza, a partir del caso de estudio de asentamientos chabolistas en Madrid y Barcelona, la población Rrom que ubicándose en la periferia de dichas ciudades malvive en condiciones de pobreza y exclusión social. Basándose en una investigación de corte cualitativo donde se aprecian similitudes en cuanto a los medios de subsistencia empleados por el colectivo, así cómo la movilidad constante tanto en España como en Europa, el artículo se interroga el papel que tienen las administraciones públicas a nivel local y regional en la búsqueda de soluciones que permitan una mayor inclusión social y mejoras en la calidad de vida. Mediante una comparativa de los asentamientos, esta investigación presenta la experiencia profesional desarrollada en asentamientos con altos niveles de exclusión social donde se pone de relieve, la necesidad de intervenir socialmente desde el Trabajo Social y además, bajo una armonización de protocolos de atención social a la población Rrom desde una perspectiva igualitaria dentro de la Unión Europea, debido sobre todo a las prácticas similares de subsistencia de la población y por compartir procesos de exclusión y pobreza desde origen.

The article analyzes, based on the case study of shanty towns in Madrid and Barcelona, the Rrom population, which is located on the periphery of these cities, lives in conditions of poverty and social exclusion. Based on qualitative research where similarities can be seen in terms of livelihoods used by the collective, as well as constant mobility both in Spain and in Europe, the article questions the role of public administrations at local and regional level in the search for solutions that allow greater social inclusion and improvements in the quality of life. Through a comparison of the settlements, this research presents the professional experience developed in settlements with high levels of social exclusion where it is highlighted, the need to intervene socially from Social Work and also, under a harmonization of social care protocols to the Rrom population from an egalitarian perspective within the European Union, mainly due to the similar practices of subsistence of the population and for sharing processes of exclusion and poverty from origin.
Professional success and satisfaction in the career development
Authors: Sanchez-García Maria Fe , Suárez-Ortega Magdalena
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se estudia una serie de variables vinculadas al desarrollo profesional de trabajadores jóvenes y adultos desde un enfoque de género. Se analizan las percepciones de mujeres y hombres trabajadores respecto al éxito profesional subjetivo de sus carreras, dentro del contexto español, atendiendo a la satisfacción e identificación de patrones de género. Se combina una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa (enfoque mixto), aplicando un cuestionario a una muestra de 205 trabajadores, así como entrevistas a una submuestra de 32 personas. Los resultados permiten describir una marcada dualidad en la percepción de la progresión de la carrera, la satisfacción laboral y las expectativas de logro, en relación con el género, pero también con la edad. Las barreras percibidas en el desarrollo profesional presentan igualmente patrones diferenciados. Se derivan implicaciones prácticas, a fin de mejorar las estrategias de orientación de las carreras de trabajadoras y trabajadores tomando en cuenta esta realidad.

This paper examines a series of variables related to the profesional development of young and adult workers from a gender perspective. It analyses, within the Spanish context, how working women and men subjectively perceive their professional success, paying attention to the identification and following of gender patterns. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are combined in a mixed approach that uses a questionnaire (given to a sample of 205 workers) and interviews (with a subsample of 32 individuals).  Their results enable us to describe a marked duality in the perception of career progression, job satisfaction and achievement expectations in relation to gender but also age. The barriers perceived in professional development also present differentiated patterns. Practical implications are derived with a view to improve career guidance strategies for working women and men, taking this reality into account.
Vergleichende Diskurslinguistik als kulturorientierte Forschungsmethode. Goranka Rocco, Elmar Schafroth (Hrsg.) (2019): Vergleichende Diskurslinguistik. Methoden und Forschungspraxis. In Zusammenarbeit mit Juliane Niedner. Berlin: Peter Lang, 444 S.
Authors: Smailagić Vedad
Published: January 2021

The goal of this contribution is to review and to discuss the content of the publication by Goranka Rocco, Elmar Schafroth (Hrsg.) (2019): Vergleichende Diskurslinguistik. Methoden und Forschungspraxis. In Zusammenarbeit mit Juliane Niedner. Berlin: Peter Lang, 444 S.
Overexpressed PLAU and its potential prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhexuan , Chen Changhan , Wang Juncheng , Wei Ming , Liu Guancheng , Qin Yuexiang , She Li , Liu Yong , Huang Donghai , Tian Yongquan , Zhu Gangcai , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2021

Background

Metastasis is a major event for survival and prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). A primary cause of metastasis is the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) is involved in the transformation of plasminogen to plasmin leading to hydrolyzation of ECM-related proteins. However, the role of PLAU expression in HNSCC is unclear and the worth being investigated.

Methods

PLAU expression profiles and clinical parameters from multiple HNSCC datasets were used to investigate the relationship of PLAU expression and HNSCC survival. GO and PPI network were established on PLAU-related downstream molecular. The stroma score was deconvoluted for analysis of PLAU’s association with the immune environment. ROC analysis was applied to show the performance of PLAU in predicting HNSCC prognosis.

Results

PLAU mRNA was significantly elevated, as opposed to its methylation, in HNSCC tumor samples over normal specimens (all p < 0.01). Univariate and multivariate cox analysis showed PLAU could be an independent indicator for HNSCC prognosis. Combining with neck lymph node status, the AUC of PLAU in predicting 5-years overall survival reached to 0.862. GO enrichment analysis showed the major biological process (extracellular matrix organization and the P13K-Akt signaling pathway) may involve to the possible mechanism of PLAU’s function on HNSCC prognosis. Furthermore, PLAU expression was positively correlated with stroma cell score, M1 type macrophages, and negatively associated with CD4 + T cell, Tregs cell, and follicular helper T cell.

Conclusions

PLAU might be an independent biomarker for predicting outcomes of HNSCC patients. The elevated expression of PLAU was associated with HPV positivity and neck node status. The PI3K-Akt pathway and aberrant proportions of immune cells might underly the mechanism of PLAU’s oncogene role in HNSCC.
Effect of fortification of Pasta with natural immune booster Moringa Oleifera leaves powder (MLP) on Cooking Quality and Sensory analysis
Authors: Soni Namrata , Kumar Shiv
Published: January 2021

Malnutrition is a worldwide escalating severe problem, impacting majority of the Indian population. Currently, it is difficult to meet, the nutritional requirements with a limited type of stored food as compared to the variety of freshly available food. In such a scenario incorporating, the immune-boosting nutritional ingredients in a commonly consumed food can be adopted as one of the nutritional approaches. Hence, as an alternate to fresh food, the usage of a fortified high-nutrient food products can be one of the approaches e.g., the inclusion of fortified pasta in meals. Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing underutilized tree with high nutritional value. Its leaves are rich sources of bioactive components, vitamin A, vitamin C and Iron. Fortification of pasta products with Moringa oleifera leaf powder can be one of the cost-effective approaches and, a best immunity booster supplement for enhancing the nutritional value of pasta-based products which can be stored for several months. In current study, the preparation of pasta fortified with varying concentrations of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) was attempted, followed by its cooking quality analysis (cooking time, cooking weight, cooking loss and water absorption) and sensory attributes evaluation (based on 9 points hedonic scale including the colour, taste, texture, flavour and overall acceptability). The results from the qualitative as well as quantitative analysis suggest that the fortification of pasta with Moringa oleifera leaves differentially modified the sensory characteristics of the pasta in a concentration-dependent manner. The present study indicates that the fortification of pasta with Moringa oleifera leaf powder can act as a natural immune booster, and has the potential to reduce the probability of microbial infections.Keywords: Bioactive Components, Fortification, Moringa oleifera, Pasta.
Determinants of Women Participation in Micro and Small Enterprises in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Habtamu , Gecho Yishak , Leza Tekle
Published: January 2021

The study was undertaken with the objective of assessing determinants of women participation choice and intensity of participation in Micro and Small Enterprises in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Within the zone three town administrative were selected based the largest number of economic activities. The investigation was grounded on cross-sectional review information from 385 women Micro and Small Enterprise's undertakings participant and non-participant that were assigned using semi-structured interview schedule, key informants interview, focus group discussion, and personal observation. Secondary data was acquired from empirical reports, government policy documents, national statistical reports, journal articles and reports of different organizations. Heckman's two-stage selection model was applied to recognize factors influencing women's participation decision and intensity of participation in MSEs. The first level of probit model estimation results reveal that educational status, business experience, access to credit, access to training, achievement motivation, receiving remittance, information seeking behaviour and initial capital were emphatically and fundamentally impact the likelihood of women participation decision in MSE while age was negatively related and does significantly determine the participation choice of the women. The after effects of the second stage Heckman model demonstrated that the intensity of participation in Micro and Small Enterprises was significantly and positively influenced by educational status, access to market, access to transportation, and achievement motivation. Hence, this study recommends that government and concerned bodies are anticipated to enhance the educational level, skill, and knowledge development training, provide aids and subsidized to income, credit facilities, and the remittance-receiving channels. It is also suggested that women should formulate their own goals and they should participate in business by their own choice nevertheless of other alternatives accomplish well and actions need to be accepted to offer incentives for women who have faced a lack of available initial capital in the study area.
Herbology, Antibacterial and Antihaemorrhagic Effect of Allium sativum Linn (Lilliaceae) Extracts against Bacterial Meningitis Pathogens
Authors: Tijani Kokori Bajeh , Alfa Abdullahi Attah , Omotoso O. D. , Junaidu Yahaya , Unoyiza Umar Sabdat
Published: January 2021

Bacterial Meningitis pathogen (BMP) causes cellular hemorrhagic sepsis, metabolic, endocrine and neurologic disorders in human systems. This burden of the disease is highest in the developing countries and especially in the immunity compromised rural populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. The A. sativum bulb extracts (JEAS, EEAS and AEAS) contain valuable pharmacologically active principles for antihaemorrhagic and antibacterial properties against bacterial meningitis pathogens. It extracts were evaluated in Wistar rats to provide scientific basis for ethnomedicinal uses. The phytochemical screening was conducted using standard method prescribed. Anti-haemorrhagic activity was evaluated using sterilized blade lancet to cut 2mm long and 2mm deep in the rat groin model. The coagulative effects of time were significantly at P<0.05 reduced by the bulb extracts applied as compared to that of the control. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. The result of this study revealed that A. sativum bulb extracts possessed good secondary metabolites with bioactive principles, biological and pharmacological functions. This provide scientific basis for the plant in the management of haemorrhagic sepsis and infectious disease.
Factors Affecting Scholarly Practices in Private Higher Education Institutes in Sri Lanka: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Rajapakshe Wasantha
Published: January 2021

Over the years, entering a university has been increasingly competitive which have triggered many problems with regard to the higher education sector in Sri Lanka. To overcome this crisis on university entrance, since 1978, the University Grants Commission of Sri Lanka, the apex body of the University System in Sri Lanka granted permission to the private sector to award degrees as an integral part of the higher education policy.  The objective of this policy was to minimize the foreign currency outflow incurred on overseas education and support the needy students to get admission for higher education at the national level. However, it has been identified that most of these institutes consider enhancements of quantity rather than development of quality which can facilitate academicians' scholarly achievements. It is observed that research and innovation in local private Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) are far behind the country's requirements. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting scholarly practices in private HEIs in Sri Lanka. After reviewing the literature, a conceptual framework and twelve testable hypotheses were developed for this study. This study uses secondary data to identify determinant factors. Accordingly, environmental stimulus, perceived organizational culture stimulus and the psychological stimulus were selected as important determents which can directly as well as indirectly mediate with stress and happiness to enhance the performance of academicians, concerning the scholarly practices in private HEIs.
Accounting Education towards Sustainable Labour Markets in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera K. A. J. O. , Perera U. L. N. L. , Guruge N. H. G. , Subashini S. , Madhavika W. D. N. , Weerarathne R. S.
Published: January 2021

The quality of Accounting Education determines the quality of Professionals in the field of Accounting. During last few decades with the effect of globalization, many technological advancements occurred in every industry. It directly affects the job profile of sustainable labor market of Accounting field where work becomes challenging and complex to achieve. Babike [1] proved that as Accounting Academics have become more important in the re-contextualization of the new global. The purpose of this article is to identify which qualifications are preferred by the employers out of Professional Accounting Qualification and Academic Accounting Qualification in Sri Lankan sustainable labor market. The present study adopted interpretation in philosophy and the inductive approach.  The data collection was based on primary data and was collected through online interview method. Researchers selected convenience sampling method since more than 80% of listed companies in Colombo Stock Exchange are in Western Province. Based on the convenience sampling technique researchers have selected ten listed companies and interview ten Finance Managers in respective companies. Thematic Analysis technique was used to analyze the data by using the NVivo software application. The findings of the present study suggest that many employers prefer Professional Accounting Qualifications rather than Academic Accounting Qualifications. The main reason for the choice is candidates with Professional Accounting Qualifications are more capable in handling tasks and the assigned job role due to the training offered through Professional Accounting Qualification when compared to Academic Accounting Qualifications. As an implication the respected authorities in Sri Lankan educational sector can implement Accounting trainings component for Academic Accounting Education. This may also be useful to future researchers to identify the perceptions of the employers.
Estimation of Different Factors Considered by the Consumers during Purchase of Green Products
Authors: Patil Bhavini B. , Hasalkar Suma
Published: January 2021

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems experienced by humanity and other life-forms on the earth today. Going green means leading lifestyle that’s not just more beneficial for people who do it, but for their surroundings as well. The study The study aimed at determining the green products purchased and the factors considered while purchasing green products. The exploratory research design was adopted to conduct the study. The data was collected from 300 educated consumers from the urban areas of Dharwad and Belagavi district. The data was analyzed by using frequency, percentage and Garrett raking technique. The results revealed that majority of the consumers (43.00%) belonged to 22-29 years age group, more than half of the selected consumers (57.67%) were graduates, more than one third of the consumers were students (32.67%), and had medium family income of 7,380-51,780 per month. Majority of the urban consumers (76.33%) purchased food products from the retail shops. The consumers perceived health, quality and taste as the major factors influencing them to purchase green products in urban locality. The study concluded that Young consumers seem to have high level of health and environmental consciousness. They are even ready to buy green products if available easily. At the same time, they are concerned about product price and are ready to pay premium for the green product only when there is an additional benefit associated with it. Government can also play key role in this aspect by encouraging consumers and promoting firms to go green. Green marketing should not be considered as a new strategy to make better profits for the marketing firms, it has to be pursued with much greater vigor, since it has a social and environmental dimension to it.
Influence of Simulated Defoliation and N Fertilization on Compensatory Growth of Gmelina arborea Seedlings
Authors: Ambebe Titus Fondo , Mendi Anjah Grace , Shidiki Abubakar Ali
Published: January 2021

To investigate the effect of artificial defoliation and N availability on growth of Gmelina arborea, seedlings were subjected to three artificial defoliation levels (0, 25, 50%) and four N regimes (unfertilized, 1 g N plant-1, 3 g N plant-1, 6 g N plant-1) in a field trial. The results showed that height increment was 24.09% lower in the 50% defoliation than the undefoliated and 25% defoliation treatments which were not significantly different from each other. On average, the 25% and 50% defoliation treatments reduced stem volume increment by 44.34%. Increments of diameter and biomass and leaf production were not reduced by defoliation. In terms of response to N, increments in height and stem volume rose from 8.98 cm and 8.23 mm at unfertilized  to 11.39 cm and 12.13 mm at 3 g N plant-1, respectively, while number of new leaves increased by a margin of 1.51 from unfertilized to  6 g N plant-1. Total biomass increment that was unaffected by defoliation showed an increasing trend from 0.55 g at unfertilized and 1 g N to 0.83 g at 3 g N and 0.94 g at 6 g N plant-1. There was no significant interactive effect of treatments on any parameter, suggesting that the adverse effect of defoliation on growth of G. arborea seedlings may not be alleviated by N fertilization. It is encouraged that a similar study be conducted for a longer duration to ascertain if the responses are sustained or modified.
Prescribing Patterns of Isosorbide Dinitrate in Outpatient Department of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prescribing pattern of isosorbide dinitrate in outpatient department.

Methods: The study was carried out at outpatient department in Alkharj. The collected data included personal data, dosage forms of the prescribed isosorbide dinitrate, the prescribing departments and the level of the prescribers.

Results: Isosorbide dinitrate was prescribed to 57 patients in the outpatient department; about 61.4% of them aged more than 59. About 80.7% of patients received isosorbide dinitrate tablets and 19.3% of them received sublingual tablets. Most of the prescriptions were prescribed by cardiology department (56.14%) followed by Internal Medicine department (26.32%).

Conclusion: Isosorbide dinitrate prescribing was uncommon in the outpatient setting but it can cause several side effects and drug interactions, besides some patients are allergic to it. So the doctor should judge that the benefit to the patient is greater than the risk of side effects.
Global Public Health Problem: Hypertension
Authors: Moharana Laxmidhar , Prusty Shakti Ketan
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is a big global public health problem. This research concentrates on exploring hypertension prevalence and its related causes in a Yemetu community located at Oyo States’ local in Nigeria. Hypertension is one of the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Growing on hydroxyl-butyrate as the primary source of carbon and nitrogen offered a strong competition for clones carrying new degrading enzymes, and antibiotic resistance competition established new determinants of antibiotic resistance from soil and oral flora. A descriptive & cross-sectional design was referred. Research included 804 participants of 171 households aged 18-90 years, chosen by cluster sampling methodology. It was a survey of the building to the building. World Health Organization (WHO) used STEP smart approach for tracking risk factors for chronic diseases (STEPS 1 & 2) to assess behavioral risk factors. Systolic blood pressure was described as hypertension. Overall hypertension prevalence was 33.1 percent (36.8 percent for males and 31.1 percent for females). The percentage of hypertension that is self-reported is 12.2%, as anti-hypertensive treatment actually accounted for 5.1%. The respondents mean age is 38.7 ±14.5 years. Respondents' BMI found to be 6.3%, 53.0%, 30.5% and 14.2% respectively for underweight, average, overweight and obese.
The Prospect of Treating Alzheimer Disease through Sleep
Authors: Huang Jin
Published: January 2021

Alzheimer's disease is caused by the deposition of amyloid and Tau proteins. These two proteins are present in normal brain cells, but in Alzheimer's disease, they accumulate in large quantities, affecting how brain cells function normally. The result is that brain cells can't communicate properly, leading to memory loss. The current treatment for Alzheimer's disease is mostly controlled by drugs. The three main drugs are Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine, Reminyl. However, it has limited side effects and usually manifests as gastrointestinal distress. One of the functions of sleep is to accelerate the removal of amyloid in the brain, which can effectively improve the accumulation of amyloid and Tau proteins.
A Cross-sectional Analysis of Prevalence, Coping Strategies and Potential Causes of Depression among Doctors of Karachi
Authors: Bilal Shahid , Dayaram Jaiperkash , Bijarani Ali Nawaz , Muneer Mariam , Arshad Saba , Sameed Qurat ul Ain , Sadiq Sara , Lakhani Mahira , Qureshi Muhammad Fazal Hussain
Published: January 2021

Aims: The aim of current study is to find out the prevalence of depression in doctors in different hospitals of Karachi and its association with lifestyle, the field of specialty and coping mechanisms.

Place and Duration of Study: The sample was collected from 10 different hospitals of Karachi, in a period of one Year i.e., March 2019 to February 2020.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using non-probability consecutive type of sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated at 95% confidence interval and was found to be 368. The sample was classified in two broader categories Surgery & Allied and Medicine & Allied. For identification of depression level, Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. A 28-item questionnaire Brief COPE was used to asses coping mechanisms.

Results: In total 400 forms were used for data analysis. The mean age of doctors was 35 ± 4 years, 65% were males while 35% were females, there was a statistically significant association of female gender with depression. Chi-Square was applied to determine the association of depression and departments and it was found to be highly significant with a P < .001. Highest level of depression was found in Orthopedics and Psychiatry departments followed by Surgery and Gynecology. While Otolaryngology was the least depressed department. Chi-square was applied and a statistically significant association of low monthly income and depression with a p-value of 0.02. In Surgery and allied there was a statistically significant association of depression with extensive working hours and lack of facilities with a p-value of 0.01 and 0.04. While in Medicine and allied there was a statistically significant association of depression with a harsh attitude of seniors and an uncomfortable working environment with a p-value of 0.02 and 0.03. A linear regression model comparing depression and its associations with coping strategies was applied.

Conclusion: Our study shows that depression is present in a vast majority of doctors from multiple specialties. Various risk factors for depression have also been identified so appropriate coping strategies should be formulated to deal with it.
Ring assembly of c subunits of F0F1‐ATP synthase in Propionigenium modestum requires YidC and UncI following MPIase‐dependent membrane insertion
Authors: Nishikawa Hanako , Kanno Kotoka , Endo Yuta , Nishiyama Ken‐ichi
Published: January 2021

The c subunits of F0F1‐ATP synthase (F0c) assemble into a ring structure, following membrane insertion that is dependent on both glycolipid MPIase and protein YidC. We analyzed the insertion and assembly processes of Propionigenium modestum F0c (Pm‐F0c), of which the ring structure is resistant to SDS. Ring assembly of Pm‐F0c requires P. modestum UncI (Pm‐UncI). Ring assembly of in vitro synthesized Pm‐F0c was observed when both YidC and Pm‐UncI were reconstituted into liposomes of Escherichia coli phospholipids. Under the physiological conditions where spontaneous insertion had been blocked by diacylglycerol, MPIase was necessary for Pm‐F0c insertion allowing the subsequent YidC/Pm‐UncI‐dependent ring assembly. Thus, we have succeeded in the complete reconstitution of membrane insertion and subsequent ring assembly of Pm‐F0c.
Integrating CVH and LVH metrics into an optimization strategy for the selection of Iris collimator for Cyberknife Xsight lung tracking treatment
Authors: Xiao Feng , Chang Yu , Zhang Sheng , Yang Zhiyong
Published: January 2021

Purpose

We conducted this study to construct a target coverage‐volume histogram (CVH) and leakage‐volume histogram (LVH) metrics and optimization strategy for the selection of the Iris collimator in Cyberknife Xsight lung tracking treatment through a retrospective analysis of target structures and clinical data.

Methods and Materials

CVH and LVH metrics were retrospectively analyzed for 37 lung cancer patients. CVH and LVH were the same as dose‐volume histogram (DVH), but with a coverage and leakage replacing dose. For each patient, Iris collimator was optimized and selected based on CVH and LVH metrics. The CVH and LVH metrics were then compared to ascertain differences in 95% (C95) or 90% (C90) of the target coverage thresholds. The planning target volume (PTV) C95 and C90 coverage, absolute mean leakage value, leakage/coverage ratio, selected collimator diameter (Φ), Φ/length of the long axis of PTV (Amax), and Φ/length of the short axis (Amin) of PTV were compared. The correlation of the absolute mean leakage value, leakage/coverage ratio, Φ/Amin and Φ/Amax were evaluated.

Results

For each patient, the PTV C95 coverage (70.45 vs 63.19) and C90 coverage (77.25 vs 69.96) were higher in the C95 coverage threshold group compared to the C90 coverage threshold group. The leakage/coverage ratio (0.56 vs 0.69) and absolute mean leakage value (0.56 vs 0.61) were lower in C90 coverage threshold group than in C95 coverage threshold group. The Spearmen correlation test showed the Φ/Amin were significantly correlated with leakage/coverage ratio and absolute mean leakage value. Upon analysis of the selected collimator diameters, the mean value of Φ/Amin of the optimized collimator diameters was found to be 1.10.

Conclusion

The CVH and LVH analysis is able to quantitatively evaluate the tradeoff between target coverage and normal tissue sparing.