bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Carborane-Containing Derivatives of RGD Peptide
Authors: Vakhrushev Alexander V. , Gruzdev Dmitry A. , Demin Alexander M. , Levit Galina L. , Krasnov Victor P.
Published: April 2023

Short peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) fragment can selectively bind to integrins on the surface of tumor cells and are attractive transport molecules for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to tumors (for example, glioblastoma). We have demonstrated the possibility of obtaining the N- and C-protected RGD peptide containing 3-amino-closo-carborane and a glutaric acid residue as a linker fragment. The resulting carboranyl derivatives of the protected RGD peptide are of interest as starting compounds in the synthesis of unprotected or selectively protected peptides, as well as building blocks for preparation of boron-containing derivatives of the RGD peptide of a more complex structure.
High-Entropy Spinel Ferrites with Broadband Wave Absorption Synthesized by Simple Solid-Phase Reaction
Authors: Chang Xiu , Duan Zhiwei , Wang Dashuang , Wang Shushen , Lin Zhuang , Ma Ben , Wu Kaiming
Published: April 2023

In this work, high-entropy (HE) spinel ferrites of (FeCoNiCrM)xOy (M = Zn, Cu, and Mn) (named as HEO-Zn, HEO-Cu, and HEO-Mn, respectively) were synthesized by a simple solid-phase reaction. The as-prepared ferrite powders possess a uniform distribution of chemical components and homogeneous three-dimensional (3D) porous structures, which have a pore size ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers. All three HE spinel ferrites exhibited ultrahigh structural thermostability at high temperatures even up to 800 °C. What is more, these spinel ferrites showed considerable minimum reflection loss (RLmin) and significantly enhanced effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). The RLmin and EAB values of HEO-Zn and HEO-Mn are about −27.8 dB at 15.7 GHz, 6.8 GHz, and −25.5 dB at 12.9 GHz, 6.9 GHz, with the matched thickness of 8.6 and 9.8 mm, respectively. Especially, the RLmin of HEO-Cu is −27.3 dB at 13.3 GHz with a matched thickness of 9.1 mm, and the EAB reaches about 7.5 GHz (10.5–18.0 GHz), which covers almost the whole X-band range. The superior absorbing properties are mainly attributed to the dielectric energy loss involving interface polarization and dipolar polarization, the magnetic energy loss referring to eddy current and natural resonance loss, and the specific functions of 3D porous structure, indicating a potential application prospect of the HE spinel ferrites as EM absorbing materials.
A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Pachypodol: A Bioactive Compound of an Aromatic Medicinal Plant Pogostemon Cablin Benth
Authors: Fatima Sehrish , Farzeen Iqra , Ashraf Asma , Aslam Bilal , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Hayat Sumreen , Sarfraz Muhammad Hassan , Zafar Saima , Zafar Nimrah , Unuofin Jeremiah Oshiomame , Lebelo Sogolo Lucky , Muzammil Saima
Published: April 2023

As is well known, plant products have been increasingly utilized in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. By combining conventional techniques and modern methodology, the future of phytomedicines appears promising. Pogostemon Cablin (patchouli) is an important herb used frequently in the fragrance industries and has various therapeutic benefits. Traditional medicine has long used the essential oil of patchouli (P. cablin) as a flavoring agent recognized by the FDA. This is a gold mine for battling pathogens in China and India. In recent years, this plant has seen a significant surge in use, and approximately 90% of the world’s patchouli oil is produced by Indonesia. In traditional therapies, it is used for the treatment of colds, fever, vomiting, headaches, and stomachaches. Patchouli oil is used in curing many diseases and in aromatherapy to treat depression and stress, soothe nerves, regulate appetite, and enhance sexual attraction. More than 140 substances, including alcohols, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, phytosterols, lignins, aldehydes, alkaloids, and glycosides, have been identified in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) is an important bioactive compound found in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) and many other biologically essential chemicals have been separated from the leaves of P. cablin and many other medicinally significant plants using repeated column chromatography on silica gel. Pachypodol’s bioactive potential has been shown by a variety of assays and methodologies. It has been found to have a number of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anticancer, antiemetic, antiviral, and cytotoxic ones. The current study, which is based on the currently available scientific literature, intends to close the knowledge gap regarding the pharmacological effects of patchouli essential oil and pachypodol, a key bioactive molecule found in this plant.
Characteristics and Relationships between Total Polyphenol and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Capacities, and the Content of Caffeine, Gallic Acid, and Major Catechins in Wild/Ancient and Cultivated Teas in Vietnam
Authors: Nhu-Trang Tran-Thi , Nguyen Quoc-Duy , Cong-Hau Nguyen , Anh-Dao Le-Thi , Behra Philippe
Published: April 2023

Vietnam has diverse and long-established tea plantations but scientific data on the characteristics of Vietnamese teas are still limited. Chemical and biological properties including total polyphenol and flavonoid contents (TPCs and TFCs), antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC), as well as the contents of caffeine, gallic acid, and major catechins, were evaluated for 28 Vietnamese teas from North and South Vietnam. Higher values of TPCs and TFCs were found for green (non-oxidised) and raw Pu’erh (low-oxidised) teas from wild/ancient tea trees in North Vietnam and green teas from cultivated trees in South Vietnam, as compared to oolong teas (partly oxidised) from South Vietnam and black teas (fully oxidised) from North Vietnam. The caffeine, gallic acid, and major catechin contents depended on the processing, geographical origin, and the tea variety. Several good Pearson’s correlations were found (r2 > 0.9) between TPCs, TFCs, the four antioxidant capacities, and the content of major catechins such as (–)-epicatechin-3-gallate and (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Results from principal component analysis showed good discriminations with cumulative variances of the first two principal components varying from 85.3% to 93.7% among non-/low-oxidised and partly/fully oxidised teas, and with respect to the tea origin.
Euonymus sachalinensis Induces Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Expression of c-Myc in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Park So-Mi , Jee Wona , Park Ye-Rin , Kim Hyungsuk , Na Yun-Cheol , Jung Ji Hoon , Jang Hyeung-Jin
Published: April 2023

We hypothesized that Euonymus sachalinensis (ES) induces apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of c-Myc in colon cancer cells, and this study proved that the methanol extract of ES has anticancer effects in colon cancer cells. ES belongs to the Celastraceae family and is well known for its medicinal properties. Extracts of species belonging to this family have been used to treat diverse diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, chronic nephritis, allergic conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and asthma. However, ES has been targeted because there are currently few studies on the efficacy of ES for various diseases, including cancer. ES lowers cell viability in colon cancer cells and reduces the expression of c-Myc protein. We confirm that the protein level of apoptotic factors such as PARP and Caspase 3 decrease when ES is treated with Western blot, and confirm that DNA fragments occur through TUNEL assay. In addition, it is confirmed that the protein level of oncogenes CNOT2 and MID1IP1 decrease when ES is treated. We have also found that ES enhances the chemo-sensitivity of 5-FU in 5-FU-resistant cells. Therefore, we confirm that ES has anticancer effects by inducing apoptotic cell death and regulating the oncogenes CNOT2 and MID1IP1, suggesting its potential for use in the treatment of colon cancer.
Exploring the Remarkable Chemotherapeutic Potential of Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Battling Various Forms of Cancer
Authors: Imran Mohammad , Insaf Areeba , Hasan Nazeer , Sugandhi Vrushabh V. , Shrestha Deumaya , Paudel Keshav Raj , Jha Saurav Kumar , Hansbro Philip M. , Dua Kamal , Devkota Hari Prasad , Mohammed Yousuf
Published: April 2023

Plant-derived compounds, specifically antioxidants, have played an important role in scavenging the free radicals present under diseased conditions. The persistent generation of free radicals in the body leads to inflammation and can result in even more severe diseases such as cancer. Notably, the antioxidant potential of various plant-derived compounds prevents and deregulates the formation of radicals by initiating their decomposition. There is a vast literature demonstrating antioxidant compounds’ anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer potential. This review describes the molecular mechanism of various flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, against different cancers. Additionally, the pharmaceutical application of these flavonoids against different cancers using nanotechnologies such as polymeric, lipid-based nanoparticles (solid–lipid and liquid–lipid), liposomes, and metallic nanocarriers is addressed. Finally, combination therapies in which these flavonoids are employed along with other anti-cancer agents are described, indicating the effective therapies for the management of various malignancies.
Production and Inhibition of Acrylamide during Coffee Processing: A Literature Review
Authors: Li Zelin , Zhao Chunyan , Cao Changwei
Published: April 2023

Coffee is the third-largest beverage with wide-scale production. It is consumed by a large number of people worldwide. However, acrylamide (AA) is produced during coffee processing, which seriously affects its quality and safety. Coffee beans are rich in asparagine and carbohydrates, which are precursors of the Maillard reaction and AA. AA produced during coffee processing increases the risk of damage to the nervous system, immune system, and genetic makeup of humans. Here, we briefly introduce the formation and harmful effects of AA during coffee processing, with a focus on the research progress of technologies to control or reduce AA generation at different processing stages. Our study aims to provide different strategies for inhibiting AA formation during coffee processing and investigate related inhibition mechanisms.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled (2S,4S)-4-Fluoropyrrolidine-2-Carbonitrile and (4R)-Thiazolidine-4-Carbonitrile Derivatives as Novel Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted PET Tracers for Cancer Imaging
Authors: Bendre Shreya , Zhang Zhengxing , Colpo Nadine , Zeisler Jutta , Wong Antonio A. W. L. , Bénard François , Lin Kuo-Shyan
Published: April 2023

Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP-α) is a cell-surface protein overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts that constitute a substantial component of tumor stroma and drive tumorigenesis. FAP is minimally expressed by most healthy tissues, including normal fibroblasts. This makes it a promising pan-cancer diagnostic and therapeutic target. In the present study, we synthesized two novel tracers, [68Ga]Ga-SB03045 and [68Ga]Ga-SB03058, bearing a (2S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a (4R)-thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile pharmacophore, respectively. [68Ga]Ga-SB03045 and [68Ga]Ga-SB03058 were evaluated for their FAP-targeting capabilities using substrate-based in vitro binding assays, and in PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in an HEK293T:hFAP tumor xenograft mouse model. The IC50 values of natGa-SB03045 (1.59 ± 0.45 nM) and natGa-SB03058 (0.68 ± 0.09 nM) were found to be lower than those of the clinically validated natGa-FAPI-04 (4.11 ± 1.42 nM). Contrary to the results obtained in the FAP-binding assay, [68Ga]Ga-SB03058 demonstrated a ~1.5 fold lower tumor uptake than that of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (7.93 ± 1.33 vs. 11.90 ± 2.17 %ID/g), whereas [68Ga]Ga-SB03045 (11.8 ± 2.35 %ID/g) exhibited a tumor uptake comparable to that of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. Thus, our data suggest that the (2S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile scaffold holds potential as a promising pharmacophore for the design of FAP-targeted radioligands for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Preparation of Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin Composite Membrane and Its Adsorption Mechanism for Proteins
Authors: Liu Tong , Li Junbo , Lei Hongyu , Zhen Xinyu , Wang Yue , Gou Dongxia , Zhao Jun
Published: April 2023

A significant portion of the protein in food waste will contaminate the water. The chitosan/modified β-cyclodextrin (CS/β-CDP) composite membranes were prepared for the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in this work to solve the problem of poor adsorption protein performance and easy disintegration by a pure chitosan membrane. A thorough investigation was conducted into the effects of the preparation conditions (the mass ratio of CS and β-CDP, preparation temperature, and glutaraldehyde addition) and adsorption conditions (temperature and pH) on the created CS/β-CDP composite membrane. The physical and chemical properties of pure CS membrane and CS/β-CDP composite membrane were investigated. The results showed that CS/β-CDP composite membrane has better tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, contact angle properties, and lower swelling degree. The physicochemical and morphological attributes of composite membranes before and after the adsorption of BSA were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. The results showed that the CS/β-CDP composite membrane adsorbed BSA by both physical and chemical mechanisms, and the adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic experiments further confirmed its adsorption mechanism. As a result, the CS/β-CDP composite membrane of absorbing BSA was successfully fabricated, demonstrating the potential application prospect in environmental protection.
The Mechanical Properties of Blended Fibrinogen:Polycaprolactone (PCL) Nanofibers
Authors: Alharbi Nouf , Brigham Annelise , Guthold Martin
Published: April 2023

Electrospinning is a process to produce versatile nanoscale fibers. In this process, synthetic and natural polymers can be combined to produce novel, blended materials with a range of physical, chemical, and biological properties. We electrospun biocompatible, blended fibrinogen:polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 600 nm, at 25:75 and 75:25 blend ratios and determined their mechanical properties using a combined atomic force/optical microscopy technique. Fiber extensibility (breaking strain), elastic limit, and stress relaxation times depended on blend ratios but not fiber diameter. As the fibrinogen:PCL ratio increased from 25:75 to 75:25, extensibility decreased from 120% to 63% and elastic limit decreased from a range between 18% and 40% to a range between 12% and 27%. Stiffness-related properties, including the Young’s modulus, rupture stress, and the total and relaxed, elastic moduli (Kelvin model), strongly depended on fiber diameter. For diameters less than 150 nm, these stiffness-related quantities varied approximately as D−2; above 300 nm the diameter dependence leveled off. 50 nm fibers were five–ten times stiffer than 300 nm fibers. These findings indicate that fiber diameter, in addition to fiber material, critically affects nanofiber properties. Drawing on previously published data, a summary of the mechanical properties for fibrinogen:PCL nanofibers with ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 is provided.
Parabolic–Gaussian Double Quantum Wells under a Nonresonant Intense Laser Field
Authors: Kasapoglu Esin , Yücel Melike Behiye , Duque Carlos A.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we investigate the electronic and optical properties of an electron in both symmetric and asymmetric double quantum wells that consist of a harmonic potential with an internal Gaussian barrier under a nonresonant intense laser field. The electronic structure was obtained by using the two-dimensional diagonalization method. To calculate the linear and nonlinear absorption, and refractive index coefficients, a combination of the standard density matrix formalism and the perturbation expansion method was used. The obtained results show that the electronic and thereby optical properties of the considered parabolic–Gaussian double quantum wells could be adjusted to obtain a suitable response to specific aims with parameter alterations such as well and barrier width, well depth, barrier height, and interwell coupling, in addition to the applied nonresonant intense laser field.
Recent Advances in CuInS2-Based Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical H2 Evolution
Authors: Yoon Noyoung , Joo Oh , Chae Sang , Park Eun
Published: April 2023

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 production from water using solar energy is an ideal and environmentally friendly process. CuInS2 is a p-type semiconductor that offers many advantages for PEC H2 production. Therefore, this review summarizes studies on CuInS2-based PEC cells designed for H2 production. The theoretical background of PEC H2 evolution and properties of the CuInS2 semiconductor are initially explored. Subsequently, certain important strategies that have been executed to improve the activity and charge-separation characteristics of CuInS2 photoelectrodes are examined; these include CuInS2 synthesis methods, nanostructure development, heterojunction construction, and cocatalyst design. This review helps enhance the understanding of state-of-the-art CuInS2-based photocathodes to enable the development of superior equivalents for efficient PEC H2 production.
Highly Stable and Enhanced Performance of p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells via Cuprous Oxide Hole-Transport Layers
Authors: Chuang Tung-Han , Chen Yin-Hung , Sakalley Shikha , Cheng Wei-Chun , Chan Choon Kit , Chen Chih-Ping , Chen Sheng-Chi
Published: April 2023

Solar light is a renewable source of energy that can be used and transformed into electricity using clean energy technology. In this study, we used direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) to sputter p-type cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films with different oxygen flow rates (fO2) as hole-transport layers (HTLs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PSC device with the structure of ITO/Cu2O/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM)/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.91%. Subsequently, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) Cu2O film was embedded and promoted the device performance to 10.29%. As HiPIMS has a high ionization rate, it can create higher density films with low surface roughness, which passivates surface/interface defects and reduces the leakage current of PSCs. We further applied the superimposed high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (superimposed HiPIMS) derived Cu2O as the HTL, and we observed PCEs of 15.20% under one sun (AM1.5G, 1000 Wm−2) and 25.09% under indoor illumination (TL-84, 1000 lux). In addition, this PSC device outperformed by demonstrating remarkable long-term stability via retaining 97.6% (dark, Ar) of its performance for over 2000 h.
Folate Supplementation in Women with Pre-Existing Diabetes
Authors: Perera Nayomi , Rudland Victoria L. , Simmons David , Price Sarah A. L.
Published: April 2023

Folate supplementation in the periconceptual period is the standard of care for the prevention of neural tube defects. To support dietary folate intake, some countries have introduced mandatory folic acid fortification of food products. Robust evidence supports the additional use of a low-dose folic acid supplement (0.4 mg/day) in all women from 2–3 months preconception until the end of the 12th week of gestation. For women with pre-existing diabetes, high-dose folic acid supplementation (5 mg/day) is recommended in some, but not all international guidelines. The recommendation is made based on consensus opinion and reflects the increased risk of neural tube defects in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. However, there is limited evidence to clarify the high-risk groups that benefit from high-dose folic acid versus those that do not. There are also some data to suggest that high-dose folic acid may be harmful to mothers and offspring, although this issue remains controversial. This narrative review explores the evidence that supports the recommendation for women with pre-existing diabetes to take high-dose folic acid in the periconceptual period. It explores the potential benefits of high-dose supplemental folate beyond the prevention of neural tube defects, and also the potential adverse impacts of high-dose folate use. These topics are considered with a specific focus on the issues that are pertinent to women with pre-existing diabetes. Based on the available evidence, a pragmatic approach to the use of folic acid supplements in women with pre-existing diabetes during the periconception period is suggested. The need for comprehensive preconception care that optimises glycaemic control and addresses other modifiable risk factors before pregnancy is emphasized.
The Relevance of Nutrition for Pediatric Allergy and Immunity
Authors: van Neerven R. J. Joost , Ruinemans-Koerts Janneke
Published: April 2023

The development of the immune system in early life is essential to shape an immune system [...]
Antidiabetic Activity of Potential Probiotics Limosilactobacillus spp., Levilactobacillus spp., and Lacticaseibacillus spp. Isolated from Fermented Sugarcane Juice: A Comprehensive In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Kumari V. B. Chandana , Huligere Sujay S. , Alotaibi Ghallab , Al Mouslem Abdulaziz K. , Bahauddin Ammar Abdulraheem , Shivanandappa Thippeswamy Boreddy , Ramu Ramith
Published: April 2023

Probiotics are regarded as a potential source of functional foods for improving the microbiota in human gut. When consumed, these bacteria can control the metabolism of biomolecules, which has numerous positive effects on health. Our objective was to identify a probiotic putative Lactobacillus spp. from fermented sugarcane juice that can prevent α-glucosidase and α-amylase from hydrolyzing carbohydrates. Isolates from fermented sugarcane juice were subjected to biochemical, molecular characterization (16S rRNA) and assessed for probiotic traits. Cell-free supernatant (CS) and extract (CE) and also intact cells (IC) were examined for the inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. CS of the strain showed the highest inhibition and was subjected to a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis to determine the organic acid profile. The in silico approach was employed to assess organic acid stability and comprehend enzyme inhibitors’ impact. Nine isolates were retained for further investigation based on the preliminary biochemical evaluation. Limosilactobacillus spp., Levilactobacillus spp., and Lacticaseibacillus spp. were identified based on similarity > 95% in homology search (NCBI database). The strains had a higher survival rate (>98%) than gastric and intestinal fluids, also a high capacity for adhesion (hydrophobicity > 56%; aggregation > 80%; HT-29 cells > 54%; buccal epithelial cells > 54%). The hemolytic assay indicated that the isolates could be considered safe. The isolates’ derivatives inhibited enzymes to varying degrees, with α-glucosidase inhibition ranging from 21 to 85% and α-amylase inhibition from 18 to 75%, respectively. The CS of RAMULAB54 was profiled for organic acid that showed the abundance of hydroxycitric acid, citric acid, and lactic acid indicating their role in the observed inhibitory effects. The in silico approach has led us to understand that hydroxycitric acid has the ability to inhibit both the enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) effectively. Inhibiting these enzymes helps moderate postprandial hyperglycemia and regulates blood glucose levels. Due to their promising antidiabetic potential, these isolates can be used to enhance intestinal health.
Effects of Monacolin K in Nondiabetic Patients with NAFLD: A Pilot Study
Authors: Da Porto Andrea , Donnini Debora , Vanin Fabio , Romanin Arianna , Antonello Martina , Toritto Paolo , Varisco Eleonora , Brosolo Gabriele , Catena Cristiana , Sechi Leonardo A. , Soardo Giorgio
Published: April 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver condition with significant risk of progression to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Therapeutic strategies in NAFLD include lifestyle changes mainly related to dietary interventions and use of drugs or nutritional components that could improve plasma lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity and decrease the local inflammatory response. In this study, we tested the effects of monacolin K, an inhibitor of HMCoA reductase. In a prospective, uncontrolled, open study, we treated 24 patients with NAFLD and mild hypercholesterolemia with 10 mg/day of monacolin K. At baseline and after 26 weeks, we measured in plasma liver tests, lipids, malondialdehyde, and oxidized glutathione, and assessed biochemical steatosis scores, liver elastography, and body composition with bioimpedance analysis. Monacolin K significantly reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglycerides and the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index that indicated improved insulin sensitivity. No significant changes were found in body fat mass and visceral fat, nor in liver elastography, while the fatty liver index (FLI) was significantly decreased. Plasma levels of both malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione were markedly reduced by monacolin K treatment, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In summary, this pilot study suggests possible benefits of monacolin K use in NAFLD patients that could be linked to a reduction in oxidative stress. This hypothesis should be further investigated in future studies.
Barley Leaf Ameliorates Citrobacter-rodentium-Induced Colitis through Arginine Enrichment
Authors: Feng Yu , Li Daotong , Ma Chen , Hu Xiaosong , Chen Fang
Published: April 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global public health challenge. Our previous study showed that barley leaf (BL) significantly reduces Citrobacter-rodentium (CR)-induced colitis, but its mechanism remains elusive. Thus, in this study, we used non-targeted metabolomics techniques to search for potentially effective metabolites. Our results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with BL significantly enriched arginine and that arginine intervention significantly ameliorated CR-induced colitis symptoms such as reduced body weight, shortened colon, wrinkled cecum, and swollen colon wall in mice; in addition, arginine intervention dramatically ameliorated CR-induced histopathological damage to the colon. The gut microbial diversity analysis showed that arginine intervention significantly decreased the relative abundance of CR and significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Blautia, Enterorhabdus, and Lachnospiraceae, which modified the CR-induced intestinal flora disorder. Notably, arginine showed a dose-dependent effect on the improvement of colitis caused by CR.
Rehabilitation Nutrition in Older People
Authors: Kokura Yoji , Momosaki Ryo
Published: April 2023

Rehabilitation nutrition is expected to help treat frailty, undernutrition, and sarcopenia [...]
Joint Microbiota Activity and Dietary Assessment through Urinary Biomarkers by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Ramos-Garcia Victoria , Ten-Doménech Isabel , Moreno-Giménez Alba , Campos-Berga Laura , Parra-Llorca Anna , Gormaz María , Vento Máximo , Karipidou Melina , Poulimeneas Dimitrios , Mamalaki Eirini , Bathrellou Eirini , Kuligowski Julia
Published: April 2023

Accurate dietary assessment in nutritional research is a huge challenge, but essential. Due to the subjective nature of self-reporting methods, the development of analytical methods for food intake and microbiota biomarkers determination is needed. This work presents an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification and semi quantification of 20 and 201 food intake biomarkers (BFIs), respectively, as well as 7 microbiota biomarkers applied to 208 urine samples from lactating mothers (M) (N = 59). Dietary intake was assessed through a 24 h dietary recall (R24h). BFI analysis identified three distinct clusters among samples: samples from clusters 1 and 3 presented higher concentrations of most biomarkers than those from cluster 2, with dairy products and milk biomarkers being more concentrated in cluster 1, and seeds, garlic and onion in cluster 3. Significant correlations were observed between three BFIs (fruits, meat, and fish) and R24h data (r > 0.2, p-values < 0.01, Spearman correlation). Microbiota activity biomarkers were simultaneously evaluated and the subgroup patterns detected were compared to clusters from dietary assessment. These results evidence the feasibility, usefulness, and complementary nature of the determination of BFIs, R24h, and microbiota activity biomarkers in observational nutrition cohort studies.
Association between Micronutrients and Hyperhomocysteinemia: A Case-Control Study in Northeast China
Authors: Sun Can , Ding Ding , Wen Zhouyu , Zhang Chengmei , Kong Juan
Published: April 2023

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases where the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration exceeds 15 µmol/L. HHcy is affected by vitamins B12, B6, and folic acid (fol); however, its relationship with other nutrients is not fully understood. We investigated the nutritional and genetic factors associated with HHcy and the possible dose–response relationships or threshold effects in patients in Northeast China. Genetic polymorphisms and micronutrients were tested with polymerase chain reaction and mass spectrometry, respectively. This trial was registered under trial number ChiCTR1900025136. The HHcy group had significantly more males and higher body mass index (BMI), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677TT) polymorphism proportion, and uric acid, Zn, Fe, P, and vitamin A levels than the control group. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, vitamin B12, fol, and MTHFR C677T, the lowest Zn quartile reduced the odds ratio of HHcy compared with the highest Zn quartile. The dose–response curves for the association between plasma Zn and HHcy were S-shaped. High plasma Zn concentrations were significantly correlated with high HHcy odds ratios, and the curve leveled off or slightly decreased. Most importantly, HHcy risk decreased with decreasing plasma Zn concentration; the threshold was 83.89 µmol/L. Conclusively, individuals residing in Northeast China, especially those with the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism, must pay attention to their plasma Zn and Hcy levels.
Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention—Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials
Authors: Rudzińska Anna , Juchaniuk Pola , Oberda Jakub , Wiśniewska Jolanta , Wojdan Witold , Szklener Katarzyna , Mańdziuk Sławomir
Published: April 2023

Phytochemicals are a non-nutritive substances that are present in plants and contribute significantly to their flavor and color. These biologically active compounds are classified into five major groups, namely phenolics, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkaloids, and are known for their potential health benefits in the prevention of various diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this review article is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of the dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and stilbenes, in cancer treatment and prevention based on the epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Although the majority of epidemiological studies report a significant advantage of the heightened phytochemical consumption and increased serum levels of these compounds, linking increased exposure with a lower cancer risk across most cancer types, these effects could not be replicated in the most available clinical trials. In fact, many of these trials were withdrawn early due to a lack of evidence and/or risk of harm. Despite the strong anticancer effect of phytochemicals, as well as their proven efficacy in multiple epidemiological studies, there is still a great need for human studies and clinical trials, with great caution regarding the safety measures. This review article provides an overview of the epidemiological and clinical evidence supporting the potential chemopreventive and anticancer properties of phytochemicals, with a focus on the need for further research in this area.
Fresh Pork as Protein Source in the USDA Thrifty Food Plan 2021: A Modeling Analysis of Lowest-Cost Healthy Diets
Authors: Poinsot Romane , Maillot Matthieu , Drewnowski Adam
Published: April 2023

The USDA Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) is an estimate of a lowest-cost healthy diet that meets dietary guidelines while respecting existing eating habits. In the US, the TFP provides the basis for federal food assistance. Included in the TFP are protein foods from both animal and plant sources. The present goal was to explore the place of fresh pork among protein foods in the revised TFP 2021. Our analyses used the same databases and the same quadratic programming (QP) methods as had been used by the USDA to develop the TFP 2021. Dietary intakes came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2015-16); nutrient composition data came from the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS 2015-16), and national food prices came from the 2021 TFP report. Amounts and prices were for foods as consumed. Our QP Model 1 used USDA modeling categories to replicate the TFP 2021. The non-poultry meat category was then separated into pork and beef. Model 2 examined whether the TFP 2021 algorithm would select pork or beef. Model 3 sought the lowest cost healthy diet, the same as the TFP 2021. Model 4 replaced beef and poultry with pork; whereas Model 5 replaced pork and poultry with beef. Weekly costs were calculated for a family of four and eight age-gender groups. All models met the nutrient requirements. The market basket cost for a family of four in Model 1 was USD 189.88, compared to the purchase price of USD 192.84 in the TFP 2021. In Model 2, fresh pork was selected preferentially over beef. The lowest-cost healthy food plan in Model 3 increased fresh pork to 3.4 lbs/week. Replacing beef and poultry with pork in Model 4 led to a modest decrease in the weekly cost. Replacing pork and poultry with beef in Model 5 led to a major increase in the weekly cost. We conclude, based on TFP-analogous modeling, that fresh pork is the preferred meat source, providing high-quality protein at a low cost. QP methods, as used in the TFP 2021, are a valuable tool for designing food plans that are affordable, acceptable, and nutrient-rich.
Tinnitus at the Junction of Traditional Medicine and Modern Technology
Authors: Mazurek Birgit , Schulze Holger , Schlee Winfried , Dobel Christian
Published: April 2023

The WHO estimated that 430 million people worldwide suffer from moderate-to-severe hearing loss [...]
Interplay between the (Poly)phenol Metabolome, Gut Microbiome, and Cardiovascular Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study from the TwinsUK Cohort
Authors: Li Yong , Xu Yifan , Le Roy Caroline , Hu Jiaying , Steves Claire J. , Bell Jordana T. , Spector Tim D. , Gibson Rachel , Menni Cristina , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana
Published: April 2023

Background: Dietary (poly)phenol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the role of the gut microbiome in this relationship. Methods: In 200 healthy females, aged 62.0 ± 10.0 years, from the TwinsUK cohort, 114 individual (poly)phenol metabolites were measured from spot urine using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The associations between metabolites, the gut microbiome (alpha diversity and genera), and cardiovascular scores were investigated using linear mixed models adjusting age, BMI, fibre, energy intake, family relatedness, and multiple testing (FDR < 0.1). Results: Significant associations were found between phenolic acid metabolites, CVD risk, and the gut microbiome. A total of 35 phenolic acid metabolites were associated with the Firmicutes phylum, while 5 metabolites were associated with alpha diversity (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). Negative associations were observed between the atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score and five phenolic acid metabolites, two tyrosol metabolites, and daidzein with stdBeta (95% (CI)) ranging from −0.05 (−0.09, −0.01) for 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid to −0.04 (−0.08, −0.003) for 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (FDR-adjusted p < 0.1). The genus 5-7N15 in the Bacteroidetes phylum was positively associated with the same metabolites, including 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid), 3-hydroxyphenylethanol-4-sulfate, and 4-hydroxyphenylethanol-3-sulfate)(stdBeta (95% CI): 0.23 (0.09, 0.36) to 0.28 (0.15, 0.42), FDR-adjusted p < 0.05), and negatively associated with the ASCVD score (stdBeta (95% CI): −0.05 (−0.09, −0.01), FDR-adjusted p = 0.02). Mediation analysis showed that genus 5-7N15 mediated 23.8% of the total effect of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid on the ASCVD score. Conclusions: Coffee, tea, red wine, and several vegetables and fruits, especially berries, are the most abundant food sources of phenolic acids that have the strongest associations with CVD risk. We found that the gut microbiome, particularly the genus 5-7N15, partially mediates the negative association between urinary (poly)phenols and cardiovascular risk, supporting a key role of the gut microbiome in the health benefits of dietary (poly)phenols.
Vegetable Oil-Peroxidation Product ‘Hydroxynonenal’ Causes Hepatocyte Injury and Steatosis via Hsp70.1 and BHMT Disorders in the Monkey Liver
Authors: Yamashima Tetsumori , Mori Yurie , Seike Takuya , Ahmed Sharif , Boontem Piyakarn , Li Shihui , Oikawa Shinji , Kobayashi Hatasu , Yamashita Tatsuya , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Kaneko Shuichi , Mizukoshi Eishiro
Published: April 2023

Hsp70.1 has a dual function as a chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. In 2009, we reported that calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70.1 causes neuronal death by inducing lysosomal rupture in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of monkeys after transient brain ischemia. Recently, we also reported that consecutive injections of the vegetable oil-peroxidation product ‘hydroxynonenal’ induce hepatocyte death via a similar cascade in monkeys. As Hsp70.1 is also related to fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, its deficiency causes fat accumulation. The genetic deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) was reported to perturb choline metabolism, inducing a decrease in phosphatidylcholine and resulting in hepatic steatosis. Here, focusing on Hsp70.1 and BHMT disorders, we studied the mechanisms of hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis. Monkey liver tissues with and without hydroxynonenal injections were compared using proteomics, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy-based analyses. Western blotting showed that neither Hsp70.1 nor BHMT were upregulated, but an increased cleavage was observed in both. Proteomics showed a marked downregulation of Hsp70.1, albeit a two-fold increase in the carbonylated BHMT. Hsp70.1 carbonylation was negligible, in contrast to the ischemic hippocampus, which was associated with ~10-fold increments. Although histologically, the control liver showed very little lipid deposition, numerous tiny lipid droplets were seen within and around the degenerating/dying hepatocytes in monkeys after the hydroxynonenal injections. Electron microscopy showed permeabilization/rupture of lysosomal membranes, dissolution of the mitochondria and rough ER membranes, and proliferation of abnormal peroxisomes. It is probable that the disruption of the rough ER caused impaired synthesis of the Hsp70.1 and BHMT proteins, while impairment of the mitochondria and peroxisomes contributed to the sustained generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, hydroxynonenal-induced disorders facilitated degeneration and steatosis in the hepatocytes.
The Influence of Social Media on Alcohol Consumption of Mothers of Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Reisdorfer Emilene , Nesari Maryam , Krell Kari , Johnston Sharon , Dunlop Randi , Chute Andrea , de Goes Fernanda dos Santos Nogueira , Singh Inder
Published: April 2023

Alcohol misuse is a common problem in many countries, where alcohol is often portrayed as a fun and interactive coping strategy for mothers to manage the demands of motherhood. Social media platforms have established themselves as a popular forum for mothers to share information and create an environment in which mothers may be exposed to and influenced by alcohol-related content. Given the increased social acceptance and normalization of drinking among mothers, especially during the recent pandemic, a critical analysis of social media influences on alcohol behaviours and consumption is warranted. A scoping review mapped the evidence on social media influences and alcohol consumption among mothers of children and teenagers younger than eighteen years old. Several databases were consulted, and the evidence was collated into two themes and seven subthemes. Factors related to alcohol consumption in motherhood include (1) community and social support, (2) coping and mental health, (3) motherhood expectations and identity, (4) alcohol consumption, (5) marketing strategies, (6) everyday issues, and (7) social media influence. Numerous social, economic, and health problems are associated with alcohol misuse. The current literature suggests that social media is a powerful tool to disseminate messages about alcohol and normalize mothers’ drinking behaviours.
Foot Problems and Their Associations with Toe Grip Strength and Walking Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals Using Day Services: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fujii Kashiko , Maekawa Atsuko , Komoda Takuyuki , Kawabe Nozomi , Nishimura Ryouhei , Sakakibara Yasunori , Fukumoto Takahiko , Stolt Minna
Published: April 2023

Foot disorders in older individuals compromise balance and contribute to postural and gait instabilities, causing a decrease in the activities of daily living and quality of life. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the foot-related data of 160 frail older participants who attended day service centers in A prefecture in Japan to determine the prevalence of foot problems and their associations with toe grip strength and walking speed in frail older people. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify foot-related variables that correlated with toe grip strength and walking speed. The prevalence rates of skin dryness (Support level 88.2%, Care level 85.2% for men; Support level 84.9%, Care level 93% for women) and suspected and existing fungal infections in nails (Support level 94.1%, Care level 92.6% for men; Support level 98.1%, Care level 95.2% for women) were high in both sexes regardless of the level of care required. Furthermore, in both sexes, the prevalence rates of toe and arch deformities were significantly increased in the people who required care. Regression analysis revealed that some right-sided foot-related problems were significantly associated with right toe grip strength and walking speed. The decrease in toe grip strength was significantly associated with walking speed. Our study provides evidence that some specific conditions were associated with toe grip force and walking speed. This finding can contribute to future strategies to protect foot health in community-dwelling older individuals.
An In Silico Functional Analysis of Non-Synonymous Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Bovine CMAH Gene and Potential Implication in Pathogenesis
Authors: Ogun Oluwamayowa Joshua , Soremekun Opeyemi S. , Thaller Georg , Becker Doreen
Published: April 2023

The sugar molecule N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is one of the most common sialic acids discovered in mammals. Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) catalyses the conversion of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc, and it is encoded by the CMAH gene. On the one hand, food metabolic incorporation of Neu5Gc has been linked to specific human diseases. On the other hand, Neu5Gc has been shown to be highly preferred by some pathogens linked to certain bovine diseases. We used various computational techniques to perform an in silico functional analysis of five non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of the bovine CMAH (bCMAH) gene identified from the 1000 Bull Genomes sequence data. The c.1271C>T (P424L) nsSNP was predicted to be pathogenic based on the consensus result from different computational tools. The nsSNP was also predicted to be critical based on sequence conservation, stability, and post-translational modification site analysis. According to the molecular dynamic simulation and stability analysis, all variations promoted stability of the bCMAH protein, but mutation A210S significantly promoted CMAH stability. In conclusion, c.1271C>T (P424L) is expected to be the most harmful nsSNP among the five detected nsSNPs based on the overall studies. This research could pave the way for more research associating pathogenic nsSNPs in the bCMAH gene with diseases.
Iliopsoas Muscle Weakness as a Key Diagnostic Marker in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Authors: Matsuura Eiji , Nozuma Satoshi , Dozono Mika , Kodama Daisuke , Tanaka Masakazu , Kubota Ryuji , Takashima Hiroshi
Published: April 2023

Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a slowly progressive neurological disease that arises from HTLV-1 infection. Pathologically, the condition is characterized by diffuse myelitis, which is most evident in the thoracic spinal cord. Clinical manifestations of the infectious disease, HAM/TSP, are empirically known to include weakness of the proximal muscles of the lower extremities and atrophy of the paraspinal muscles, which is characteristic of the distribution of disturbed muscles usually seen in muscular diseases, except that the upper extremities are almost normal. This unique clinical presentation is useful information for physicians and physical therapists involved in diagnosing and rehabilitating patients with HAM/TSP, as well as critical information for understanding the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. However, the precise pattern of muscle involvement in this condition has yet to be reported. The purpose of this study was to identify the muscles affected by HAM/TSP in order to understand the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP as well as to aid in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of HAM/TSP. A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on 101 consecutively admitted patients with HAM/TSP at Kagoshima University Hospital. Among 101 patients with HAM/TSP, all but three had muscle weakness in the lower extremities. Specifically, the hamstrings and iliopsoas muscle were the most frequently affected in over 90% of the patients. Manual muscle testing (MMT) revealed that the iliopsoas was the weakest of the muscles assessed, a consistent feature from the early to advanced stages of the disease. Our findings demonstrate a unique distribution of muscle weakness in HAM/TSP, with the proximal muscles of the lower extremities, particularly the iliopsoas muscle, being the most frequently and severely affected.