bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical access to health care facility among residents of Kalutara District in 2019- A cross sectional study
Authors: Soysa H. N.D , de Silva Padmal , Gunawardana M. D.U.B , Gunawardana D. S.K.D
Published: August 2024

Background
Achieving universal health equity remains a global challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for universal health coverage (UHC) to ensure accessible, quality healthcare for all, regardless of financial status. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has been instrumental in assessing healthcare accessibility, revealing gaps and informing policy decisions. This study investigates the geospatial distribution of Western healthcare facilities in Kalutara district, Sri Lanka, evaluating their accessibility.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to October 2019. The study geospatially mapped all healthcare institutions practicing Western medicine within Kalutara district and a 5km buffer zone beyond its boundaries. Data were collected using Epicollect5, a mobile application, ensuring accuracy within 10-15 meters. Variables included geospatial information and service availability. Data analysis was performed using ArcGIS 10.3, assessing coverage within buffer zones of 2km to 4km radii around each healthcare institution.
Results
General practitioners (GPs) covered 87.8% and 98.1% of the population within areas of 2km and 4km radii. All government institutions covered 21.8% and 67.6% of 2km and 4km radial buffer areas, while the coverage of private hospitals amounted to 3% and 8.8% respectively (i.e. within 2 km and 4km). It improved up to 64.1% and 90.0% by the inclusion of general practices. Majority of government hospitals and all private hospitals had inward care and 24x7 care. Blood banks were available only in 83.3% of specialized government hospitals. Of general practices, 10.6% had 24x7 care and 37.5% of private hospitals had ICU facilities. The study highlighted the significant role of general practitioners (GPs) in providing accessible healthcare, especially after routine working hours.
Conclusions:
GP settings contributed mainly in ensuring geographical access to healthcare. Hence, GP services need to be considered in all attempts of improving healthcare service delivery.
A hydrological-energy balance model to assess land surface temperature at the urban scale. The case study of Milano, Italy.
Authors: Morgese Sonia , Zhang Wenchuang , Casale Francesca , Bocchiola Daniele
Published: August 2024

We develop, and test an energy/water balance model, Poli-HE, to compute surface energy, and mass fluxes between soil surfaces, and shallow atmospheric layers. The case study is the city of Milano, Italy, where we assess Urban Heat Island (UHI). We calculate land surface temperature (LST) under given climate conditions, including different UHI in paved, and green areas.
Spatially distributed LST is assessed, and pixel displaying mixed paved/green areas are dealt with using Vegetation Fraction FV from satellite images. Joint energy and water balance share soil water content, and latent heat flux, as a function of LST. Nine meteorological stations distributed in Milano were used to gather model’s input of global radiation, air temperature, precipitation, wind velocity, and air humidity, during January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2022. Satellite images provided Land Surface Temperature for model tuning. Poli-HE well mimics spatial distribution of urban LST. During summer, when LST is higher, paved, and green surfaces differ by about + 3.7 °C, reaching up to +4.5°C at times. We offer a quantitative approach for urban authorities and professionals, usable for current and future planning, and projects within the context of national, and international adaptation and mitigation measures.
A “growing noble profession”, a “magician”, or an “emotional trash can”: an interview study of Bhutanese school counselors’ perceived challenges and resources
Authors: Larran Julie , Hein Sascha
Published: August 2024

School counselors are responsible for the well-being of students’ increasingly complex issues. However, little is known about school counseling services in the Kingdom of Bhutan. This study carried out 28 qualitative semi-structured interviews with school counselors, 19 online and 9 in-person, to investigate school counselors’ perceived challenges and resources. The data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach to inquiry and thematic analysis of interviews proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006). The identified challenges and resources were grouped for further analysis according to Martin et al. (2015) model of 11 factors affecting school counseling. The most often mentioned challenges were insufficient resources to cope with rising mental health needs (28; 100%) and cultural barriers to implementation of school counseling (26; 92.9%) such as stigma and role of corporal punishment. The most often mentioned resources were the importance of material resources such as having a separate counseling room within the school (n = 16; 57.1%) and the importance of support from external professionals such as clinical counselors (n = 11; 39.3%). In sum, the results revealed the needs for (1) more resources to cope with the various mental health needs of students across regions, (2) more awareness in the general population about school counseling, including overcoming stigma towards mental health, (3) to systemize stakeholder collaboration such that it make school counselor roles more clear, and (4) for more time for this profession to establish itself in the Kingdom.
Co-culture of postnatal mouse spinal cord and skeletal muscle explants as an experimental model of neuromuscular interactions
Authors: Mikhailova Mariya M. , Klein Olga I. , Patsaev Timofey D. , Panteleyev Andrey A.
Published: August 2024

The intercommunication between nerves and muscles plays an important role in the functioning of our body, and its failure leads to severe neuromuscular disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying nerve-muscle interactions and mediating their mutual influence is an integral part of strategies aimed at the cure of neuromuscular diseases. Here, we propose a novel ex vivo experimental model for the spinal cord (SC) and skeletal muscle interactions which for the first time utilizes only fully formed postnatal tissues. The model represents an organotypic co-culture comprising a longitudinal slice of the mouse SC and an extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle explant placed in the “damage zone” of transversally dissected SC. Using this model we have shown that SC tissue stimulates muscle contractions, affects AChR distribution on muscle surface and directs cell migration from the muscle tissue. In turn, EDL muscles stimulate the growth of SC-derived neurites. Thus, our organotypic model allows to assess the mutual influence of neurons and muscles in an nearly natural setting which maintains the architecture and cellular composition of intact tissues. Therefore, this model may provide an effective platform for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms linked to defective neuro-muscular interactions in associated pathologies.
Pathogenicity of tick-derived lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in BALB/c mice
Authors: Liu Ziyan , Liang Xiaojie , Li Liang , Liu Ning , Wang Zedong , Wei Feng
Published: August 2024

Background Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a zoonotic pathogen primarily transmitted by rodents. Recently, we identified LCMV in ticks in northeastern China; however, the pathogenicity of the virus in mice remains unknown.Results Here, we examined the tick-derived LCMV strain JX14 by inoculating BALB/c mice with 3.5×105 PFU of virus. The mice infected with LCMV displayed clinical manifestations including unkempt fur, anorexia, depression, and oliguria, which subsequently resolved by 10 days post infection (dpi) leading to survival of the infection. Viral RNA was detectable in throat and anal swabs during the early phase of infection and exhibited proliferation in Vero cells. Viral RNA was detected in the blood and various organs, with detectable levels persisting for up to 6 months specifically in the heart. Pathological lesions were identified in most organs within 5 dpi except for the kidneys and testicles. Elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), was observed during the early stages of infection.Conclusions This study provides crucial insights into the pathogenic characteristics of LCMV strain JX14, isolated from ticks in northeastern China, thereby offering a valuable in vivo research tool for investigating immunological responses induced by chronic viral infections.
Climate change and socioeconomic drivers equally influence PM 2.5 : 23-year analysis using geographically and temporally weighted regression model
Authors: Rehman Saqib , Usmani Bilal , Ahmed Muhammad , Naz Shumaila , Ahmed Zafar , Fatmi Zafar
Published: August 2024

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM <2.5µm), key air pollution indicator, affects not just health but also climate and vice versa. Identifying its drivers in megacities is vital for designing interventions. Few studies have explored the variations in PM2.5 and its causes across time and location, including climate and socioeconomic factors.
Method: We adopted a geographically and temporally weighted regression model (GTWR) to explore the direction and strength of the influences of climate change and socioeconomic variables on the concentration of PM2.5 in one of the highest polluted megacities (Lahore), covering the period 1998 to 2020.
Result: Lahore's PM2.5 concentration jumped from an average of 63.4 to 87.5 µg/m3 over 23 years. Among climatic factors, higher windspeed has a strong negative effect (coefficient range: -0.75 to -0.25) and humidity has moderate variable negative to no influence (coefficient range: -0.5 to 0.0) on PM2.5 in the city. Temperature and rainfall had a small mixed (positive and negative) influence, depending on specific locations in the city on PM2.5 (coefficient range: -0.25 to 0.25). Low winter windspeed was the key driver of increased PM2.5. Among socioeconomic factors, road density overall positive association (coefficient range: 0.9 to 0.7), land use has positive and negative association (coefficient range: 0.9 to -0.9), population density primarily has positive association (-0.4 to 0.9), FDI has positive association (coefficient range: 0.7 to 0.9) and GDP has positive association (coefficient range: 0.5 to 0.8) with PM2.5.
Conclusion: Lahore's rising PM2.5 is linked to local emissions due to socioeconomic factors, urban changes, and climatic factors over 23 years. Climate change and socioeconomic factors like windspeed, GDP, and population density all play a role. This model can explain historical and spatial PM2.5 drivers, aiding in designing solutions for Lahore.
Translocation and dissipation of seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls from contrast soils cultivated with different root vegetables
Authors: Kosnar Zdenek , Tlustos Pavel
Published: August 2024

The behaviour of 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in agricultural Chernozem and Fluvisol soils from the Czech Republic planted with radishes, onions and carrots was studied. Only the total biomass carrot yield was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when compared to the control biomass yield. All tested PCBs, especially congener PCB 28, were able to accumulate in slightly higher amounts in the radish surface than in the onion one. The highest PCB content was observed in the surface layer of carrots, which could be related to the agrochemical properties of the soil, vegetation period and more intensive contact of carrot roots with PCBs in a bulk soil. The translocation factors of PCBs were lower than 1, indicating a poor ability for PCB uptake from soil. The highest relative PCB removal from soil was observed in acidic Fluvisol, accounting for 27.2%, with a maximum of 2% plant contribution to soil PCB dissipation. Non-significant (P < 0.05) PCB removal from vegetable-planted soils indicated that root vegetables were not able to enhance the autochthonous soil microorganisms to degrade PCBs by releasing exudates in the rhizosphere of vegetables. Bioaccumulation PCB factors derived from the cultivation of examined root vegetables in Chernozem and Fluvisol soils contaminated with PCBs at nearly 1500 µg/kg dw can be considered as low and negligible.
Development of high-resolution 2D-LIF temperature system: application on a non-isothermal turbulent jet
Authors: Helfer Vincent , Cariteau Benjamin , Fillion Philippe , Toutant Adrien
Published: August 2024

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) visualization techniques are used to quantify a wide range of aqueous flows, whether monophasic or two-phase. Depending on the resolution of the cameras used, these techniques generate a large amount of data that can be used to further study the behavior of a flow. The techniques use a laser sheet to stimulate fluorescent dyes seeded in the flow, resulting in fields of local measurements, depending on the thickness of the laser sheet, and offering a variety of possibilities for comparison with different digital resolution tools. Specifically, this paper presents a two-dye LIF (2D-LIF) temperature measurement system that exploits the variation of the photo-luminescence properties of two different fluorescent dyes with temperature, allowing quantitative measurement from the recorded fluorescence intensity. The system consists of high-resolution cameras (65 Mpxl) and a pulsed Nd-YAG laser, providing instantaneous and spatially resolved measurements. The present study describes the development of the 2D-LIF system and explains the choice of experimental setups for the most accurate and precise measurements. It then applies the system to measure the temperatures of several non-isothermal and turbulent jets. Time-averaged measurements are presented according to the physical model proposed by Morton et al. (1956), calibrated here with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Radial turbulent temperature fluctuation distributions are estimated and compared in accordance with the literature.
A Research on a Method of Calculating Pixel Coordinates of Projectile Explosion Position Based on MCF-U-net Explosive Firelight Image Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Liang Shaopeng , Li Hanshan
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the difficulties existing in the test of projectile explosion position of long-range artillery, the paper proposes an image recognition method of projectile explosion fire based on MCF-U-net network, which mainly optimises and improves the original U-net network from the perspectives of model lightweighting and the accuracy of recognition of weak fire information in the beginning stage of the explosion. In addition, after segmenting and recognising the projectile explosion fire image, we base on the spatial characteristics of the downward dive of the firelight from a projectile near-ground explosion, proposing a method of calculating the pixel coordinates of the projectile explosion position based on the judgement criterion of the initial stage of the projectile explosion in consecutive multi-frame frequency and the threshold-constrained top-mean method of the firelight. By setting a threshold to define the initial and the mutation phase of explosion, the approximation of the pixel coordinates of the projectile explosion position is based on a process of successive frame-by-frame analysis of the projectile explosion fire between this two phases. Through experimental comparison and analysis, it is found that the proposed recognition algorithm of projectile explosion firelight can reach a mIoU of 81.39%, which provides a basis for the projectile fuzing control detonation judgement.
Assessment of MALDI-TOF MS for arthropod identification based on exuviaes
Authors: Bouledroua Rym , Diarra Adama Zan , Amalvict Remy , Berenger Jean-Michel , Benakhla Ahmed , Parola Philippe , ALMERAS Lionel
Published: August 2024

Background.
MALDI-TOF MS is an innovative tool for identifying both hematophagous and non-hematophagous arthropods at various life stages. However, identification by MALDI-TOF MS requires currently, euthanizing of the specimen, hindering further phenotypic tests. All arthropods have a common factor which is the molting of their exoskeletons, called exuviae. This phenomenon is indispensable for their growth and metamorphosis, and can evidence past arthropod presence.
Objective.
This study assessed the performance of MALDI-TOF MS biotyping for arthropod identification using exuviae from nine distinct laboratory-reared species (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles coluzzii, Cimex lectularius, C. hemipterus, Pediculus humanus corporis, Triatoma infestans, Rhodnius prolixus, Supella longipalpa and Blatta germanica) and compared it efficiency with molecular biology approach.
Results.
Molecular analysis showed low DNA quantity in exuviae (n = 108) across species, resulting low success of COI, 16s, and 18s amplification (50.0%), depending on the species and sequencing (10.2%). The establishment of exuviae protocol for MS submission, yielded MS spectra of high reproducibility and specificity per species. After upgrading home made reference MS database with exuviae spectra, query with remaining spectra revealed that 100% of samples were correctly identified, with 85.8% (278/324) exceeding the threshold score value for reliable identification.
Conclusion.
MALDI-TOF MS shown it high efficiency to identify various arthropod species based on their exuviae. This approach is a groundbreaking development in the field of entomology underlining that MALDI-TOF outperformed traditional methods of exuviae identification, including morphological and molecular tools. It allows also to prevent specimen sacrifice which could be used for complementary analyses.
SkillAR: Omnipresent In-Situ Feedback for Motor Skill Training using AR
Authors: Diller Florian , Henkel Nico , Scheuermann Gerik , Wiebel Alexander
Published: August 2024

We present a novel technique called SkillAR to display augmented reality feedback for motor skill learning on a head-mounted display (HMD). SkillAR allows the user to consider movement corrections independent of the head position. Therefore, the user can receive motor feedback comfortably without risking an incorrect exercise performance.
Head-mounted displays represent versatile technologies for providing motor feedback regarding skill training. In contrast to room-mounted displays, HMDs are easily portable and wearable. That allows for in-situ feedback in many situations where this would otherwise not be possible. However, the spatial positioning of the 3D feedback is not trivial. On the one hand, the user needs to understand the relation between the body and suggested correction in space. On the other hand, certain exercises demand a specific head positioning to minimize errors and injuries. Depending on the exercise and the type of feedback, these two aspects can be highly conflicting. The paper at hand presents a solution for augmented reality headsets, that provides continuous and omnipresent motor feedback comfortably while facilitating a correct exercise performance.
In a user study we verify that SkillAR, given the apparent major advantages for user health and usability, is not disadvantageous compared to conventional feedback methods found in the literature regarding identification and execution time as well as identification accuracy. Furthermore, we found that the users could identify the feedback on the HMD more accurately.
How well do climate modes explain precipitationvariability?
Authors: Hobeichi Sanaa , Abramowitz Gab , Gupta Alex Sen , Taschetto Andréa , Richardson Doug , Rampal Neelesh , Ayat Hooman , Alexander Lisa , Pitman Andy
Published: August 2024

Large-scale modes of climate variability, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Dipole, show significant regional correlations with seasonal weather conditions, and are routinely forecast by meteorological agencies attempting to anticipate seasonal precipitation patterns. Here, we use machine learning together with more traditional approaches to quantify how much precipitation variability can be explained by large-scale modes of variability, and to understand the degree to which these modes interact non-linearly. We find that the relationship between climate modes and precipitation is predominantly non-linear. In some regions and seasons climate modes can explain up to 80% of precipitation variability. However, variability explained is below 10% for more than half of the land surface, and only 1% of the land shows values above 50%. This outcome provides a clear rationale to limit expectations of predictability from modes of variability in all but a few select regions and seasons.
Individual differences in prosocial learning are represented in the hippocampal dorsal CA1
Authors: Scheggia Diego , Greca Filippo La , Zianni Elisa , Coccia Giulia , Cerchiaro Ilaria , Gusmini Michela , Castoldi Carlo , Maggioni Davide , Silva Bianca , Gardoni Fabrizio , DiLuca Monica
Published: August 2024

Learning from others is among the main expressions of humans’ social nature. Evolution has favored this capacity, which is conserved across mammals, for its environmental advantages and benefits for the species compared to trial-and-error learning. Animals can learn about danger by observing their conspecifics, but if or how they acquire prosocial behaviors is not understood. Here, we found that mice by observing a demonstrator learned to take actions that benefit others, which were goal-directed and flexible. We found that the hippocampal dorsal CA1 (dCA1) activity is required to learn a given observed prosocial behavior. Chemogenetic silencing of the dCA1 impaired the acquisition of a social preference in mice with high prosocial tendency. Fiber-photometry recording revealed individual differences in dCA1 activity patterns during observation that closely tracked the observer's later prosocial or selfish behavioral propensities. Optogenetic manipulations demonstrated that the dCA1 is key in acquiring observed social behaviors and can orient a mouse’s actions toward prosocial or selfish choices in future interactions. Our study provides a model of social transmission of knowledge that guides prosocial behavior in mice that can be relevant for studying neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, in which the ability to learn from others’ actions is often compromised.
Sustained Freshening of Arabian Sea High Salinity Water Induced by Extreme Tropical Cyclone Precipitation
Authors: Thoppil Prasad
Published: August 2024

In the northern Arabian Sea, high salinity levels are primarily sustained by year-round evaporation, driving the convective formation of Arabian Sea High Salinity Water (ASHSW) during the winter monsoon (November – February). Although precipitation has largely been discounted as a critical controlling mechanism for winter convection, recent years have seen a notable increase in extreme cyclones over the Arabian Sea, particularly in post-monsoon cyclones (September – December) since 2014. However, the extent to which these cyclone-induced freshwater inputs disrupt the region's freshwater balance (evaporation – precipitation) and impact ASHSW formation remains unclear. Here, we present observational evidence supported by a suite of model simulation experiments, revealing a significant weakening in ASHSW formation triggered and sustained by extreme tropical cyclones. The addition of freshwater reduces the density of high-salinity water, augmenting stratification and disrupting the convective sinking process, ultimately limiting the depth of convective mixing. This strengthened stratification stabilizes the water column, exacerbating warming trends and destabilizing the freshwater balance between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. These findings underscore the profound implications of extreme cyclone-induced freshwater inputs.
Shear Strain Control of Multiferroic Magnetic Ordering for Giant Ferromagnetism
Authors: Zhang Linxing , Xi Guoqiang , Fang Yue-Wen , Zheng Dongxing , Xu Shuai , Li Hangren , Tu Jie , Zhu Fangyuan , Liu Xudong , Liu Xiuqiao , Zhang Xixiang , Jin Kuijuan , Tian Jianjun
Published: August 2024

The magnetic ordering of perovskite ferroelectric oxides is essential for enhancing their stability and minimizing energy losses in magnetoelectric devices. However, inducing a transition from a magnetically disordered state to an ordered one remains a formidable challenge. Here, we propose a chemical sulfurization method that significantly bolsters the magnetic ordering of multiferroic super-tetragonal phase BiFeO3 thin film, thereby enhancing the magnetic properties. The sulfured films exhibit a robust magnetic transition temperature of 586 K. The remanent magnetization increases approximately 1.6 times in the out-of-plane direction and an impressive 62 times in the in-plane direction. Additionally, the magnetic easy axis transitions from the out-of-plane to the in-plane direction. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic scale investigation reveal a reconfiguration of the local electronic hybridization states in the film. The sulfur-induced shear strain is identified as the catalyst for a shift in the Fe–O hybridization, from the pyramid-like geometry of FeO5 to the octahedral arrangement of FeO6. This transformation is deemed the root cause of the observed magnetic transition in the films. This sulfur-induced strategy for electronic hybridization reconfiguration is expected to break new ground, offering innovative methodologies for modulating perovskite oxides, two-dimensional ferroelectric films, and other ferromagnetic functional thin films.
Spectral Similarity Based Multiscale Spatial-Spectral Preprocessing Framework for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: AKYÜREK Hasan Ali , KOÇER Barış
Published: August 2024

Hyperspectral imaging represents an advanced technology that offers an extensive array of spectral data concerning various materials. Each pixel within a hyperspectral image encompasses reflectance or transmittance values spanning a spectrum of wavelengths, thereby constructing a spectral signature or spectral curve. Despite the high spectral resolution inherent in hyperspectral images, their spatial resolution frequently remains limited, resulting in a mixture of spectral information within the spectral signatures. This situation presents a significant obstacle to achieving precise hyperspectral image classification, given that both spectral and spatial information play pivotal roles in this endeavor. In the present investigation, a novel spectral-spatial preprocessing strategy is introduced, employing a multiscale filtering technique based on spectral similarity to enhance the accuracy of hyperspectral image classification. The methodology entails performing a neighborhood operation for each target pixel vector, predicated on their spectral resemblance. This operation assigns higher priority to more similar pixels within the neighborhood window to establish the new spectral curve of the pixel of interest. The resultant spectral curves effectively amalgamate both spatial and spectral information and are subsequently utilized during the classification process instead of the original spectral curves. The study incorporates established spectral similarity metrics alongside an innovative metric grounded in Fréchet distance to calculate spectral similarities. The outcomes derived from these metrics are juxtaposed to assess their efficacy in ameliorating the accuracy of hyperspectral image classification. Moreover, the classification performance is evaluated utilizing kernel extreme learning machine and support vector classifiers across four distinct hyperspectral image datasets. The findings underscore that, particularly when confronted with constraints related to small sample sizes, the proposed spectral-spatial preprocessing technique markedly enhances the classification accuracy of hyperspectral images.
Penentuan Portofolio Saham Optimal Menggunakan Metode Markowitz Sebagai Dasar Keputusan Investasi
Authors: Nisardi Muhammad Rifki , Husain Hartina , Kusnaeni Kusnaeni , Resky Aprizal
Published: August 2024

A stock portfolio is a combination of two or more securities invested over a specific period and under certain conditions. This study analyzes the combination of stocks that can be formed into an optimal portfolio using the Markowitz method. The Markowitz method is employed to maximize returns and minimize the risks associated with a portfolio. This method uses a mathematical formulation that allows for adjustments based on risk tolerance levels and expected returns to achieve an optimal portfolio. The data used in this study comprises the monthly closing prices of stocks from five selected companies, namely ICBP, BBCA, TLKM, BBNI, and INCO, for the period from June 2019 to December 2022. The findings indicate a recommended portfolio with the lowest risk, known as the Minimum Variance Portfolio (MVP). The MVP comprises the following proportions: ICBP 36.10%, BBCA 36.28%, TLKM 17.84%, INCO 8.39%, and BBNI 1.39%. This combination of stock proportions yields an expected return of 8.58% and a portfolio risk of 21.52%.Keywords: Markowitz method, Minimum Variance Portfolio, Portfolio Optimization.
Urban flash flood hazard mapping using machine learning, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Leggesse Elias Sime , Derseh Walelign Ayaliew , Zimale Fasikaw Atanaw , Tilahun Seifu Admasu , Meshesha Mengiste Abate
Published: August 2024

Increased frequency and magnitude of flooding pose a significant natural hazard to urban areas worldwide. Mapping flood hazard areas are crucial for mitigating potential damage to human life and property. However, conventional hydrodynamic approaches are hindered by their extensive data requirements and computational expenses. As an alternative solution, this paper explores the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to map flood hazards based on readily available geo-environmental variables. We employed various ML classifiers, including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN), to assess their performance in flood hazard mapping. Model evaluation was conducted using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and root mean square error (RMSE). Our results demonstrated promising outcomes, with AUC values of 93% (DT), 97% (RF), 98% (XGB), and 91% (kNN) for the validation dataset. RF and XGB have slightly higher performance than DT and kNN and distance to river was the most important factor. The study highlights the potential of ML for urban flood modeling, offering reasonable accuracy and supporting early warning systems. By leveraging available geo-environmental variables, ML techniques provide valuable insights into flood hazard mapping, aiding in effective urban planning and disaster management strategies.
Both meteorological droughts and human activities modulated groundwater variations in the northern Yellow River Basin
Authors: Yang Xuening , Shao Xingmin , Ma Ning , Zhang Xuanze , Tian Jing , Tang Zixuan , Chen Yuyin , Tian Xiaoqiang , Feng Rui , Wu Tongjing , Bian Nan , Miao Ping , Ma Hongli , Chen Bing , Zhang Yongqiang
Published: August 2024

Groundwater level declines are largely associated with natural processes and human activities. In particular, the drivers of groundwater change can be more complex during meteorological drought owing to human activities. However, disentangling their specific contribution remains poorly understood. By focusing on semiarid ecosystems in the northern Yellow River Basin – the Ordos – here we elucidate the impact of human activities on the propagation of meteorological droughts to groundwater systems. To comprehensively analyze groundwater variations, we employ the K-means, categorizing them into four distinct patterns. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis between standardized precipitation index (SPI) and groundwater depth (GWD), we found that the majority of lag time for GWD response to SPI is less than 3 months, and the drivers influencing GWD are classified into three categories: SPI, human activities related to SPI, and human activities unrelated to SPI. Our results reveal that both meteorological droughts and human activities jointly influence GWD across the entire region. Notably, human activities unrelated to SPI have the greatest impact in the irrigation district of Ordos, followed by the western part of Ordos and the Mu Us sandy land in central Ordos. Our findings can guide us to formulate effective drought management policies and practices in semiarid regions.
Investigation of the chemical and microbial quality of water supplied by treatment stations in Kerman city, Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Ismaeil , Darijani Tooba , Noori Goushki Maryam , Faraji Maryam
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the quality of water supplied in Kerman city, southeast Iran. Total hardness, nitrite, nitrate, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and elements were measured in samples from five stations in four seasons in 2022. The concentration levels of (mg/L) As (0.42 ± 1.83), Cd (0.004 ± 0.01), Cu (2.51 ± 3.38), Ni (1.33 ± 0.86), and Pb (1.50 ± 2.11) were more than the standard. Total coliforms in samples (5.30 ± 7.87) were more than the national standard (0/100 mL) with a significant mean difference in seasons (p-value = 0.04). Fecal coliforms were detected in samples collected in autumn (2.00 ± 0.00/100 mL). The findings showed that water treatment in stations could not remove the toxic heavy metals of As, Pb, and Cd. But the microbial pollution was detected in some samples. Therefore, the use of these waters is generally not recommended. Further studies and comparisons with water quality in the distribution system can provide more useful results.
Chance-constrained programming for drinking water quality management under fuzziness and randomness
Authors: Hong Yuhang , Bao Peitong , Yao Yuzhe , Wang Yumin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an inexact fuzzy random chance-constrained programming (IFRCCP) model was proposed to deal with the randomness and fuzziness in the optimization of booster cost for the water distribution system (WDS). The IFRCCP model was applied to a WDS to analyze the effects of randomness and fuzziness on the booster costs. The booster cost intervals were obtained under various violation levels and confidence levels. The results indicated that the lower and upper booster costs increased with the confidence levels of the lower limits and decreased with the violation levels of the lower limits for both normal and log-normal distribution fuzzy random variables (FRVs). Moreover, the increased magnitude of lower and upper booster costs under normal distribution FRV is a little less than that under log-normal distribution FRV, while the decreased magnitude of lower and upper booster costs under normal distribution FRV is larger than that under log-normal distribution FRV. The same regulation can be found for the FVR with both triangular and trapezoidal distribution FRVs. With the increase of booster number, the increased magnitude of the lower and upper booster costs decreased for both normal and log-normal distribution FRVs.
Study on the automatic control method for evaporation treatment of wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater in power plants
Authors: Guo Xiangjian , Zhang Bo , Li Yanmeng , Feng Yue , Xu Shuowen
Published: August 2024

DRFNN is used to predict the evaporation state of wastewater, and incremental PID algorithm is combined to adjust the control quantity. By real-time monitoring the state and parameter changes of wastewater evaporation treatment process, online adjusting and optimizing the parameters of DRFNN and incremental PID, the automatic control of desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment is completed. The experimental results show that this method can achieve more accurate and reliable automatic control, short control time, strong ability to deal with emergencies, and can converge to stability in a short time. This method can effectively reduce the number of early alarms and failures of the system and save maintenance costs. The IAE values of chloride ion (Cl) and mercury (Hg) in this method are 0.3558 and 0.3872, respectively, which proves that the difference between the actual output and the expected output of this method is very small, which proves that the system in this paper has high accuracy.
Plot-role game as a means of femininity development in girls of the sixth year of life
Authors: Sedykh Liudmila Vladimirovna
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the problem of developing the qualities of femininity in girls of the sixth year of life. The urgency of this problem is due to profound changes in society, as there is an intensive confusion of gender ideas about male and female roles, the value of gender is lost. Femininity is a complex formation. In the sixth year of life, children have already formed an idea of ​​their gender, and children are able to characterize it by certain signs. At the same time, it is quite difficult for children of this age to identify meaningful characteristics, to highlight the qualities that characterize children as representatives of a certain gender. The analysis of the possibilities of the plot-role-playing game as a means of developing femininity is presented.
The individual educational route as means of individual educational trajectory realization
Authors: Kliapysheva Evgeniia Vladimirovna
Published: August 2024

The given article is devoted to revealing the essence of the concept «individual educational route». The results of the research expand the knowledge of the essence of the concepts «individual educational trajectory», «individual curriculum», «individual educational program». The purpose of an individual educational route is considered from the perspective of a cultural approach.
Actual problems of anti-corruption expertise
Authors: Sheenkov Andrei Aleksandrovich , Fortova Lubov Konstantinovna
Published: August 2024

The current state of the study of the institute of anti-corruption expertise is analyzed in the article, insufficiently regulated issues in the legislation in this area are considered. The authors note that systematic work to improve the normative and methodological support of anti-corruption expertise should now become one of the top priorities of the government.
Development of the method of improving the physical training of military servers when performing the service responsibilities of military-professional activities
Authors: Burikov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: August 2024

The paper presents research materials on the introduction of conjugated training of physical abilities based on specially selected exercises in the process of training military aerospace troops. The results of testing the effectiveness of the use of methods of conjugated training of physical abilities of military personnel on the basis of specially selected exercises are given. It is noted that the experimental methodology has contributed to the growth of the effectiveness of increasing the level of physical fitness of the aerospace troops.
Analysis of progressive material resource management systems for the mining industry in Russia and abroad
Authors: Zakharova Olga Borisovna
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the features of progressive systems of effective management of material resources in Russia and abroad. The theoretical position of inventory management systems is analyzed, the application of these systems by mining companies is considered. Based on a comparative analysis, a conclusion was drawn on the management of material resources as one of the main indicators of the effectiveness of the mining industry.
The Investigation of Nfκb Inhibitors to Block Cell Proliferation in OSCC Cells Lines
Authors: Cheng Yuxi , Wang Liping , Zhang Shuju , Jian Wei , Zeng Bin , Liang Long , Deng Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

Background:

Oral cancers, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as
the predominant type, have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore,
targeting the NFκB pathway shows promise in cancer therapy.

Materials and Methods:

This study investigated the impact of two NFκB inhibitors,
LY2409881 and MLN4924, on cell proliferation, apoptosis susceptibility, and in vivo tumorigenesis
in OSCC cell lines CAL27 and SCC15.

Results:

The results revealed that both LY2409881 and MLN4924 effectively suppressed
cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M
phase—a phenomenon likely associated with the NFκB pathway. Furthermore, MLN4924
demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on cell proliferation at low μM concentrations,
surpassing the effectiveness of LY2409881 as an inhibitor. (All results: p<0.05)

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the potential of LY2409881 and MLN4924 as novel
therapeutic agents for OSCC, thereby offering new insights for the clinical management
of this condition.
Deciphering Mutational Impacts on c-Src-HK2 Interaction in Colorectal Cancer Progression, and Identification of Potential Phytocompounds
Inhibitors: A Molecular Simulation and Free Energy Calculation Approach
Authors: Suleman Muhammad , Faizullah  , Khan Abbas , Mohammad Sayaf Abrar , Alghamdi Abdullah , Alghamdi Suad A. , Alissa Mohammed , Alghamdi Amani , Crovella Sergio
Published: August 2024

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the third most widespread cancer
worldwide in both men and women, witnessing a concerning rise, especially in younger demographics.
Abnormal activation of the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Src has been linked
to the advancement of several human cancers, including colorectal, breast, lung, and pancreatic
ones. The interaction between c-Src and Hexokinase 2 (HK2) triggers enzyme phosphorylation,
significantly boosting glycolysis, and ultimately contributing to the development of CRC.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study are to examine the influence of newly identified mutations
on the interaction between c-Src and the HK2 enzyme and to discover potent phytocompounds
capable of disrupting this interaction.

Methods:

In this study, we utilized molecular docking to check the effect of the identified mutation
on the binding of c-Src with HK2. Virtual drug screening, MD simulation, and binding
free energy were employed to identify potent drugs against the binding interface of c-Src and
HK2.

Results:

Among these mutations, six (W151C, L272P, A296S, A330D, R391H, and P434A)
were observed to significantly disrupt the stability of the c-Src structure. Additionally, through
molecular docking analysis, we demonstrated that the mutant forms of c-Src exhibited high
binding affinities with HK2. The wildtype showed a docking score of -271.80 kcal/mol, while
the mutants displayed scores of -280.77 kcal/mol, -369.01 kcal/mol, -324.41 kcal/mol, -362.18
kcal/mol, 266.77 kcal/mol, and -243.28 kcal/mol for W151C, L272P, A296S, A330D, R391H,
and P434A respectively. Furthermore, we identified five lead phytocompounds showing strong
potential to impede the binding of c-Src with HK2 enzyme, essential for colon cancer progression.
These compounds exhibit robust bonding with c-Src with docking scores of -7.37
kcal/mol, -7.26 kcal/mol, -6.88 kcal/mol, -6.81 kcal/mol, and -6.73 kcal/mol. Moreover, these
compounds demonstrate dynamic stability, structural compactness, and the lowest residual
fluctuation during MD simulation. The binding free energies for the top five hits (-42.44±0.28
kcal/mol, -28.31±0.25 kcal/mol, -34.95±0.44 kcal/mol, -38.92±0.25 kcal/mol, and -30.34±0.27
kcal/mol), further affirm the strong interaction of these drugs with c-Src which might impede
the cascade of events that drive the progression of colon cancer.

Conclusion:

Our findings serve as a promising foundation, paving the way for future discoveries
in the fight against colorectal cancer.
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. as a Natural Intervention for Diabesity: A Review
Authors: Jachak Sanjay Madhukar , Thakur Mridula Singh , Ahirrao Pallavi , Goyal Alok
Published: August 2024

Background:

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (family: Rutaceae), commonly known as curry leaf or
sweet neem, is a tropical plant native to India and Southeast Asia. It is highly valued in Ayurveda for its medicinal
properties. Almost every part (fresh leaves, fruits, bark, and roots) of this plant is used to treat various
ailments. Its fresh leaves are considered to have numerous medicinal properties for various diseases, including
piles, inflammation, itching, fresh cuts, dysentery, and edema. A combination of curry leaf and buttermilk is
used to treat diseases, such as amoebiasis, diabetes, and hepatitis. Its leaves are also believed to possess antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The bark has been traditionally used for treating
snakebites. Its roots are utilized in Ayurveda for the treatment of body aches. Being a storehouse of carbazole
alkaloids, M. koenigii has been reported to show anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activity in in vitro and in vivo
studies. The review aimed to appraise the role of M. koenigii leaf in the prevention of diabesity.

Methods:

We performed a literature search with the keywords “diabesity”, “obesity”, “diabetes”, “adipose
tissue”, and “carbazole alkaloids” on Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Several in vitro
and in vivo studies conducted on cell lines and animals for anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic
activities have been included and appraised in the article, providing supporting evidence for
the ethnomedicinal claims.

Results and Conclusion:

This review has been an attempt to summarize comprehensively the overall research
done on M. koenigii with regard to obesity and diabetes. The studies on anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic and
anti-hyperlipidemic activities of the plant have ranged from studies on crude extracts to isolated compounds.
However, some of the studies require further in-depth analysis and validation of obtained results.
Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Cascade Markers, Oxidative Stress-Inflammatory Signaling Axis, and Chronic Total Occlusion of Tibial Artery in Elderly Patients Suffering from Occlusion of Coronary Arteries
Authors: Li Xia , Zhao Yongjuan , Zhou Hualan , Hu Youdong , Chen Ying , Guo Dianxuan
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Oxidative response is a risk factor in the progression of arterial atherosclerosis.

Objective:

This research study aimed to examine the effects of oxidative response on atherosclerotic
susceptibility as well as the development of arteriosclerosis occlusions of the tibial artery
through pro-inflammatory mediator genes in elderly patients with occlusion of coronary arteries.

Methods:

We determined that oxidative stress biomarkers (Malondialdehyde-modified Low-density
Lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) as well as Heme Oxygenase-
1 (HO-1)] and the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediator genes [Toll-like Receptor 4
(TLR4), Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Myeloid Differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and
Growth Arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6)] have an impact on the severity of arteriosclerosis occlusions
of tibial artery in elderly patients suffering from occlusion of coronary arteries.

Results:

Levels of MDA-LDL, Ox-LDL, HO-1, TLR4, NF-κB, MyD88, and GAS6 were increased
in the occlusion of tibial arteries + two-vessel coronary occlusion group compared to the
CON group and occlusion of tibial arteries + one-vessel coronary occlusion group, respectively (p
< 0.001); they were also elevated in occlusion of tibial arteries + multiple-vessel coronary occlusion
group compared to occlusion of tibial arteries + one-vessel coronary occlusion group and occlusion
of tibial arteries + two-vessel coronary occlusion group, respectively (P < 0.001). This has
indicated the key roles of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediator genes in arteriosclerosis
occlusions of tibial artery in elderly patients with occlusion of coronary arteries.

Conclusion:

Oxidative response may promote the expressions of inflammatory genes and enhance
susceptibility to arteriosclerosis occlusions of the tibial artery in elderly patients with chronic total
coronary occlusions.