bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NATURALEZA JURÍDICA DE LA INOPONIBILIDAD: UNA PROPUESTA DE INCLUSIÓN EN EL SISTEMA DE INEFICACIAS DEL CÓDIGO CIVIL CHILENO
Authors: Walker Silva Nathalie Maureen
Published: October 2024

Este artículo argumenta que la inoponibilidad es una forma de ineficacia funcional, extrínseca, parcial, en sentido estricto y de carácter subsidiario –que no siempre se traduce en una sanción–, orientada a la tutela a determinados terceros perjudicados por la celebración de un negocio jurídico. Asimismo, postula la viabilidad de configurar una teoría general de la inoponibilidad factible de actuar más allá de los casos expresamente contemplados en el Código Civil chileno, en la medida que enmarque su ámbito de acción dentro de los contornos trazados por el sistema de ineficacias presente en el mismo, con un necesario equilibrio entre el efecto expansivo de los contratos y la protección a los terceros.
ESTUDIO SOBRE LA APLICABILIDAD DE LA LEY DE PROPIEDAD INDUSTRIAL COMO MEDIO DE TUTELA DEL DERECHO DE OBTENTOR EN CHILE
Authors: Saldaña Villoldo Benjamín
Published: October 2024

En el trabajo se aborda la falta de previsión de acciones civiles en defensa del derecho de obtentor en la Ley n.º 19342. Se analiza de forma crítica la aplicación de la acción reivindicatoria en favor del titular del derecho en esta materia, otorgándole la propiedad de las plantas reproducidas sin autorización. Se estudia la naturaleza del derecho de obtentor y la funcionalidad de las acciones para su defensa. Dicha naturaleza no se corresponde con un derecho de propiedad, sino con la facultad exclusiva de autorizar actos de propagación de la variedad. Ello se constata desde el trámite de aprobación de la ley vigente. No resulta adecuado aplicar a esta materia el derecho de autor y los derechos reales. Se postula que las lagunas existentes en la Ley n.º 19342 deben integrarse con el artículo 106 y concordantes de la Ley n.º 19039, dada la analogía de régimen jurídico con las patentes. Las notas explicativas de UPOV y la legislación proyectada en Chile sobre derechos de obtentor, señalan un régimen de acciones distinto a la acción reivindicatoria, pero coincidente con el previsto en la Ley de Propiedad Industrial.
LA TUTELA DE LA DIGNIDAD DE LA PERSONA CONSUMIDORA EN EL PROYECTO DE LEY “SERNAC TE PROTEGE”
Authors: Isler Erika
Published: October 2024

El texto analiza el proyecto de ley conocido como “Sernac te protege” en la parte que se refiere al resguardo de la dignidad de la persona consumidora. La técnica utilizada consiste en la incorporación en la norma que regula los sistemas de seguridad y vigilancia, un deber positivo y otro de abstención relativos al trato digno. Agrega, además, la enunciación de que la categoría de consumidor vulnerable podría servir de elemento de adecuación de los imperativos señalados. Aunque el tenor de los incisos propuestos, insinúa la intención del redactor de conferir una vigencia amplia de los imperativos que contiene la ubicación escogida, así como algunas expresiones utilizadas en la configuración de las normas, podrían poner en riesgo dicha amplitud.
Medioznawstwo w perspektywie zmian cywilizacyjnych
Authors: Mrozowski Maciej
Published: October 2024

Medioznawstwo to interdyscyplinarna dziedzina badań rozwijana dwojako, w ramach albo wąskiej perspektywy (media – ludzie), uzupełnianej o dodatkowe składniki, albo perspektywy szerokiej, która relacje media – ludzie – społeczeństwo ujmuje całościowo, korzystając z dorobku różnych dziedzin nauki. Jeśli czerpane z nich elementy uda się połączyć z wykorzystaniem ogólnej teorii (społeczeństwa, kultury, cywilizacji) w spójną całość, która trafnie ujmuje te relacje w danym okresie, to tak powstała hybryda wyznacza główny nurt medioznawstwa na wiele lat – do czasu istotnej zmiany tych relacji. Dotąd powstały trzy takie hybrydy, oparte na ogólnej teorii systemu społecznego (lata 60. i 70. XX w.), studiach kulturowych (lata 70. i 80. XX w.), ogólnej teorii sieci (okres od lat 90. XX w. do lat 10. XXI w.). Wpływ technologii cyfrowej i sztucznej inteligencji na ludzi (cyborgizacja, problemy adaptacyjne) wymaga stworzenia nowej hybrydy teoretycznej, której podstawą powinna być współczesna wersja teorii ewolucji. W polskim medioznawstwa dominuje wąskie podejście dziedzinowe, skutkujące dużym rozproszeniem badań. Brak szerokiego ujęcia interdyscyplinarnego wynika głównie ze słabego przyswojenia wypracowanych na Zachodzie ogólnych ram teoretycznych dla badania mediów w szerokim kontekście społecznym, kulturowym, cywilizacyjnym. Tych zaległości nie da się nadrobić, ale zwrot medioznawstwa w kierunku ewolucjonizmu otwiera nowe perspektywy badawcze, które pozwolą zbliżyć nasze medioznawstwo do zachodniego, tak jak nasza rzeczywistość zbliża się do tamtej rzeczywistości.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji "Współczesne Media 15: Nadawca – odbiorca" (Lublin, 18–19 kwietnia 2024 r.)
Authors: Fijuth-Dudek Agata
Published: October 2024

publikacja w nr. 3/2024
De Tàrraco i l’ager tarraconensis occidental a Tarragona i el camp entre els segles V i XII. Cap a un nou relat històric
Authors: Menchon Bes Joan Josep
Published: October 2024

Tarraco va patir una gran transformació a partir del segle V i, malgrat perdre la seva importància com a capital política, va mantenir el seu paper com a seu metropolitana. Això no obstant, no va sobreviure més enllà del segle IX després de la invasió islàmica de 713‑717. Ciutat i territori van mantenir una clara inèrcia al segle VIII, però després de l’establiment de la frontera carolíngia al Llobregat (principis del segle IX) l’antiga ager tarraconensis va quedar fora dels límits de la Catalunya Vella i es va contemplar com un gran territori buit fins als límits de la frontera islàmica, amb les referències de Tortosa i Lleida. La revisió historiogràfica i arqueològica apunta a unes terres encara poblades, oscil·lants entre els comtats cristians i el califat, un territori en funcionament, encreuament de velles tradicions i formes d’explotació, com s’aprecia en l’ocupació continuada d’antigues vil·les romanes (però no del sistema), juntament amb nous models propis de l’antiguitat tardana i del món andalusí. A partir del canvi de mil·lenni, com a fita de conveniència, i de la cristal·lització del feudalisme, es produeix una ruptura definitiva amb el món antic.
La cultura material d’un monestir Prepirinenc a Catalunya, dels visigots a la implantació del feudalisme a Santa Cecilia dels Altimiris
Authors: Alegría Tejedor Walter , Sancho Planas Marta
Published: October 2024

La recerca duta a terme al monestir de Santa Cecilia dels Altimiris ha aportat una riquíssima informació per l’estudi morfològic i evolutiu dels monestirs durant la Primerenca i alta edat mitjana a la península Ibèrica. Aquest assentament s’origina entre finals del segle V i principis del segle VI amb la construcció d’una església i altres estructures annexes. Aquest conjunt té reformes d’edificis i espais des del segle VI fins al segle XI, quan s’abandona el jaciment i passa a ser un refugi estacional de pastors i carboners. Fins a l’any 2022 s’han detectat tretze àmbits del conjunt central del monestir, dels quals s’han excavat deu fins a esgotar estratigrafia. Així ens ha permès definir fases d’acord amb datació relativa i produccions ceràmiques. En aquest volum presentem diverses interpretacions de l’aixecament hipotètic dels diferents edificis, fase per fase.
Outcome Predictor of Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Management
Authors: Touhidur Reza Abul Hasan Md , Karim Md Rabiul , Mohammad Humayun Rashid  , Mohammad Sanaullah  , Mahfujul Quader  , Chowdhury S M Noman Khaled , Tapas Sarker  , Md Motasimul Hasan  , Ansar Uddin Ahmed  , Md Kamal Hossain
Published: October 2024

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is responsible for higher  morbidity and mortality rates than ischemic stroke. Although SICH is less common  than ischemic stroke. Identifying the predictors of outcome after spontaneous  supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage is crucial for a clinical decision-making  framework and implementing efficient therapeutic measures.  Aims: The study aimed to analyze the clinical profile, assess the outcome, and  identify the outcome prognosticators after supratentorial SICH in the Neurosurgery  Department of a tertiary care hospital in the southeastern part of Bangladesh.  Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study included 183  patients with computerized tomography (CT) evidence of supratentorial SICH above  18 years of age from the Department of Neurosurgery of Chittagong Medical College  Hospital between September 2021 and February 2023.The variables analyzed were  age, sex, comorbidities, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score on admission, radiological  features, treatment modality and outcome at 90-day. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS)  score was used to assess the outcome. GOS score 4-5 was considered good outcome  and GOS score 1-3 was considered as poor outcome.  Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.9±14.4 years and 52.5% were male. The  90-day mortality rate was 50.8% and 55.2% patients had poor outcomes. On bivariate  analysis, higher age, comorbid CKD state, low GCS score, higher hematoma volume,  midline shift, hydrocephalus and intraventricular hematoma (IVH) were associated with  poor outcome. Independent predictors of poor outcome included a higher baseline age  (OR: 1.07, 95% CI:1.02-1.11, p=0.002), lower GCS on admission (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39-  0.76, p<0.001), and medical management (OR = 30.56, 95% CI = 7.15-130.69, P <0.001).  Conclusions: In conclusion, SICH is associated with high mortality and morbidity.  Higher age, low GCS on admission and medical management independently predicted  poor outcome in the present study. Patients with a lower age, higher GCS on admission  and who were managed surgically were more likely to have a good outcome. 
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2024; 13(2): 96-103
Prognostic Factors of Outcome in Patients Undergoing Surgical Intervention following Traumatic Intracerebral Haemorrhage
Authors: Md Shah Newaz  , Md Rabiul Karim  , Mohammad Humayun Rashid  , SM Noman Khaled Chowdhury  , Mohammad Sanaullah  , Mahfujul Quader  , Tapas Sarker  , Sirajul Munir Ohi  , Narayan Dhar  , Abul Hasan Md Touhidur Reza  , Md Kamal Hossain  , Asiful Islam
Published: October 2024

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage is a common complication after traumatic brain injury. While it is accepted practice to remove extra-axial (extradural and subdural) haematoma following traumatic brain injury, but surgical practice in the treatment of traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (TICH) differs widely, and prognostic factors associated with outcome following surgery have not yet been well established. Aims: The study aimed to determine the prognostic factors of outcome in patients undergoing surgical intervention following traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in a tertiary care hospital in southeastern part of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study included 45 patients requiring craniotomies for decompression and evacuation of an intracranial hemorrhage following traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the Neurosurgery Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital between December 2021 to June 2023. Demographic features, perioperative clinical and radiological characteristics of these patients were examined in relation to favorable/good outcome, defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score >3 at 3months follow-up, and unfavorable/poor outcome, defined as 3months mortality or GOS score d”3 at 3months after surgery. Results: The median age was 45 (range 8-75) years, 82.2% were male, and road traffic accident was the commonest cause (73.3%). Initial loss of consciousness was found in 75.7% of patients and the median GCS on admission was 9 (Interquartile range 8-10). Craniotomy and evacuation was done in 23(51.1%) of the cases, followed by craniectomy and evacuation in 22 (48.9%)patients. In-hospital and 3 months mortality rate was 28.9%. At three months post surgery, all of the survived patients(32) had good outcomes; 29 (92.3%) had GOS scores of 5, while the remaining 3 had GOS scores of 4. In bivariate analysis, age, history of comorbidity and loss of consciousness, GCS on admission, hematoma volume, and injury to surgery interval was found to have significant association with poor outcome (p<0.05). Age (OR: 1.211, 95% CI: 1.012-1.241, p=0.009) and GCS score on admission (OR: 0.301, 95% CI: 0.086-0.827, p=0.004) were independent predictors of 3-months poor outcome or mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: This study presented that older age(60 years) and lower GCS(7-10) on admission were the independent predictors of poor outcome after 3 months of surgery. Multicenter studies are needed to provide accurate data on traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in Bangladesh.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2024; 13(2): 104-111
Single Stage Cranioplasty with Customized Polyetheretherketone Implant After Removal of Eosinophilic Granuloma skull bone: Case Report
Authors: Md Rokibul Islam  , Md Moshiur Rahman  , Md Mahbub Hasan  , Abu Hena Mostafa  , Bibek Gaurab Singh  , Shamit Barua  , Mohammad Abed Abbas  , Bipin Chaurasia  , Sukriti Das
Published: October 2024

Eosinophilic granuloma is a localized form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, most commonly involving the skeletal system. Their origin from the dura is rare with only a handful of cases on record. We present one such rare case of an eosinophilic granuloma originating from the Extradural with secondary osseous invasion in a 20 year old male who presented with a swelling in the right fronto orbital region. A complete resection was scheduled with single stage reconstruction of the frontoorbital bone by a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) specific implant. This implant was computer-assisted designed and manufactured and verified by the surgeon before the intervention.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2024; 13(2): 152-156
Validation of a risk stratification tool for SARS-CoV-2 Delta community transmission in the Australian Capital Territory
Authors: Marmor Alexandra , Voo Tze Vun , Sheel Meru , Sloan-Gardner Timothy , Pingault Nevada
Published: October 2024

During the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant outbreak, from August to October 2021 in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), the number of new cases ‘in the community for part of their infectious period’ was publicly reported daily. We describe the stratification tool used during the outbreak to determine presumptive risk of community transmission from cases, and present the results of a contemporaneous validation of each case’s risk against their onward transmission detected by routine surveillance. After case interview, epidemiologists identified the most likely source of infection for each new case and used the stratification tool to classify the case as either no, low, or high risk of community transmission. Each case notified between 12 August and 14 September 2021 was matched to its recipient case(s) to determine how well the tool predicted transmission risk. Household transmissions were excluded. Of the 530 notified cases stratified, 159 (29.3%) were cases who transmitted to a recipient case. Of the 59 cases who were the source of community transmission, 66% (38/59) were undertaking high-risk activities not associated with permitted essential work at the time. Only six source cases stratified as low risk or no risk transmitted SARS-CoV-2 to those outside their own household. The tool was essential in the rapid determination of community transmission risk in the ACT, and validation of the tool against detected onward transmission provided evidence for the effectiveness of public health restrictions. In the early stages of outbreaks of diseases for which transmissibility has not yet been established, the validation of such a stratification tool relies on high quality case investigation data, but may help to understand transmission dynamics and to inform interventions.
Newly discovered deep-water nursery and spawning habitats of the queen conch Aliger gigas in Puerto Rico
Authors: Cruz-Marrero W , Stevens BG , Lipcius RN
Published: October 2024

The queen conch Aliger gigas is a large marine gastropod and sustains one of the most important fisheries in the Caribbean. Overfishing of queen conch has led to shifts in the distribution and abundance of this species in some Caribbean countries; as a result, fishing effort has been redirected to deeper waters (>25 m), where fishers have largely switched from harvesting conch by snorkeling to using SCUBA. Advances in technology such as camera sleds have been used to identify, measure, and study queen conch in shallow habitats, but only sparingly in deeper habitats that may serve as refugia. To define deep-water habitat use and composition, we used a camera sled to quantify siphonal length, life stage, and environmental characteristics of the queen conch on the west coast of Puerto Rico. We conducted multiple 2 h transect surveys at 25-45 m depths during summer 2018. Queen conch densities ranged from 2.6 to ~3000 ind. ha-1, with relative abundance highest at the 27 m depth interval. A novel finding was the discovery of deep-water nurseries and aggregations of juvenile queen conch in association with deep-water spawning grounds at the 27 m depth interval. Densities in deep-water habitats rivaled those in shallower habitats and indicate that deep-water nursery and spawning habitats warrant management measures for sustainable exploitation as well as integration of these habitats into metapopulation dynamics.
Facing the Choice of Language in Esperanto Literature: Edwin de Kock, Hasegawa Teru and Julius Balbin between Emotion and Ideology
Authors: Dubourg Glatigny Pascal
Published: October 2024

How far languages are politically connotative is a very sensitive question. In the course of their centuries long history, languages are associated with a variable imaginary, fluctuating with the place from where they are regarded. The cultural contribution of languages could not be reduced to the political experience of the respective states but they rarely escape ideological associations. The scope of this paper is to step aside and consider a language that since its origins in the 19th. Century has been regarded as neutral and independent from both the nation-states and the political spectrum. This paper takes into consideration the experience and discourse of four writers : the Japanese anti-imperialist female writer Hasegawa Teru (1912–1947), the Polish-born poet Julius Balbin (1917–2006), a former deportee to four extermination camps who settled in the US after 1951, and the South African Edwin de Kock (1930–2022) whose poetry is deeply marked by the experience of Apartheid and race division. To what extent is a transnational and anthropological narrative possible in the context of war? How do these authors deal with an affiliation to multiple communities? Why did all these authors choose to write in Esperanto and not in their own native languages? Can Esperanto be still regarded as a «neutral» language or is it the vehicle for a specific world view?
The Arduous and the Ordinary: Embodying the Conversational Voice in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Hoegaerts Josephine
Published: October 2024

This article aims to chart out a cultural history of the voice in conversation in the nineteenth century. Often understood as a period of decline of the ‘art’ of conversation, as it was defined in the eighteenth century (and studied by historians of the period), the nineteenth century was witness to a shift away from conscious cultivation. Conversation, in the nineteenth century, became the counterpoint to more formalized modes of speech like oratory and debate, and was defined as ‘natural’. As such, it also became an object of study for experts specializing in vocal health, who saw this ‘natural’ form of vocal expression as a place to see the voice in action at its least artificial. Based on the work of these experts – scientific treatises, early forays in laryngoscopy, educational work and self-help manuals – I propose an analysis of their largely normative texts that focuses on sound and vocal practice, rather than the development of scientific discourse and its disciplinary character. I borrow central concepts from sound studies, like that of the audile technique and aurality in order to do so, and place the vocalizing body at the center of this analysis.
Kırsal Peyzajdaki Değişim Üzerinden Soylulaştırmayı Okumak: Yunt Dağı Örneği (Manisa)
Authors: Arslan Ferhat , Gürbıyık Cengiz , Şenlik Yasin Furkan
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma İzmir – Manisa il sınırları içerisinde bulunan ve sahip olduğu fiziki ve beşeri coğrafya unsurları ile önemli bir coğrafi değer olan Yunt Dağı’ndaki kırsal soylulaştırma sürecini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Yunt Dağı üzerindeki 11 mahalle örneğinde kırsal peyzajdaki değişim ortaya konularak soylulaştırma olgusu incelenmiştir. Temel araştırma yöntemi olarak saha araştırmasının kullanıldığı çalışmada 2019 – 2024 yılları arasındaki çeşitli dönemlerde arazi incelemesi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin ArcGIS 10.8.1 programı ile haritaya aktarıldığı çalışmada zengin bir fotoğraf arşivi ile çalışma görselleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonrasında örneklem olarak ele alınan mahallelerde arsa ve konut fiyatlarının kent merkezi ile yarışacak derecede yükseldiği, yeni yapılan konutların kırsal alanın yapısına uygun olmayan eklentilerle inşa edildiği ve arazi kullanım konusunda gözle görünür sıkıntıların yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun ise sahada top yekûn bir şekilde olmasa bile özellikle bazı mahallelerde (Bağyurdu, Gülbahçe, Üçpınar) soylulaştırma sürecini hızlı bir şekilde ilerlettiği görülmüştür.
Uluslararası Şirketlerin Sürdürülebilirlik Raporlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Sağlık Alper Musa
Published: October 2024

Gelecek kuşaklara daha yaşanabilir bir dünya bırakmak için yapılan faaliyetler anlamını taşıyan sürdürülebilirlik günümüzün oldukça önemli konularından biridir. Kurumların bu amaç doğrultusunda yapmış oldukları faaliyetleri belirli zaman aralıklarıyla topluma bildirme aracı olan sürdürülebilirlik raporları ise özelikle uluslararası şirketler tarafından toplumla iletişime geçme aracı olarak sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde de şirketler benzer gayelerle bu raporları toplumla paylaşmalarına rağmen sürdürebilirlik raporları belli standartlara oturmamıştır. Buradan hareketle yapılan araştırmanın amaçlarını uluslararası şirketlerin yayımladığı sürdürülebilirlik raporlarında hangi konulara daha ağırlıklı olarak yer verdiğini, hangi perspektiflerden ilgili kavramı değerlendirdiklerini ve raporlamada nasıl bir yol izlediklerini gözler önüne sererek ülkemizde yayımlanan sürdürülebilirlik raporlarında standartlaşmaya yardımcı olmak oluşturmaktadır. Böylelikle ülkemizdeki yerel ya da daha küçük ölçekli firmaların uluslararası şirketlerin raporlarındaki noktalardan esinlenerek kendi raporlarını geliştirmelerini aracılık etmek hedeflenmektedir. Bu kapsamda yapılan araştırma nitel bir çalışma olup, veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Maxqda 2020 programı yardımıyla yapılan analizler sonucunda sürdürülebilirlik konusu sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel kategoriler üzerinden değerlendirilmiş en sonunda da bütüncül bir şekilde ilgili bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda kurumların sosyal boyutta en fazla eğitim-öğretime, ekonomik boyutta kurumsal yönetime çevresel boyutta ise çevresel uyum konularına ağırlık verdiği görülmüştür.
Non-classical monocyte levels correlate negatively with HIV-associated cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive performance
Authors: Singh Meera V. , Uddin Md Nasir , Covacevich Vidalle Mae , Sutton Karli R. , Boodoo Zachary D. , Peterson Angelique N. , Tyrell Alicia , Tivarus Madalina E. , Wang Henry Z. , Sahin Bogachan , Zhong Jianhui , Weber Miriam T. , Wang Lu , Qiu Xing , Maggirwar Sanjay B. , Schifitto Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite antiretroviral treatment (cART), aging people living with HIV (PWH) are more susceptible to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) probably due to synergistic/additive contribution of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors. Specifically, transmigration of inflammatory CD16+ monocytes through the altered blood brain barrier (BBB) may exacerbate cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a known cause of vascular cognitive impairment.

Methods

PWH on cART (n=108) and age, sex, and Reynold’s cardiovascular risk score-matched uninfected individuals (PWoH, n=111) were enrolled. This is a longitudinal observational study but only cross-sectional data from entry visit are reported. Neuropsychological testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. CSVD was diagnosed by Fazekas score ≥1. Flow cytometric analyses of fresh whole blood were conducted to evaluate circulating levels of monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) and markers of monocyte activation (CCR2, CD40, PSGL-1, TNFR2 and tissue factor). ELISAs were used to measure sCD14, ICAM, and Osteoprotegerin. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression models were performed to study the effects of HIV status, CSVD status, and their interaction to outcome variables such as cognitive score. Two-sample t-tests and correlation analyses were performed between and within PWoH with CSVD and PWH with CSVD participants.

Results

PWH with CSVD (n=81) had significantly lower total cognitive scores, higher levels of NCMs and soluble CD14 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) as compared to PWoH with CSVD group (n=68). sCD14 and ICAM1 were positively correlated with each other indicating that monocyte and endothelial activation are associated with each other. Cognition was negatively correlated with NCMs, especially in the PWH with CSVD group. Among other blood biomarkers measured, osteoprotegerin levels showed mild negative correlation with cognitive performance in individuals with CSVD irrespective of HIV status.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of NCMs may contribute to neuroinflammation, CSVD and subsequent cognitive impairment. This finding is of particular relevance in aging PWH as both HIV and aging are associated with increased levels of NCMs. NCMs may serve as a potential biomarker to address these comorbidities. Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether changes in NCM levels are associated with changes in CSVD burden and cognitive impairment.
LC-MS/MS analysis reveals plasma protein signatures associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Pang Chunsong , Xu Fang , Lin Yingwei , Han WeiPing , Zhang Nianzhu , Zhao Lifen
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, the diagnostic accuracy of Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is currently unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable tool that can accurately predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients diagnosed with CRC.

Methods

We conducted an extensive proteomics investigation aimed at examining lymph node metastasis (LNM) in individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). In the discovery stage, employing a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach, we analyzed a cohort of 60 colorectal cancer patients (NM=30, LNM=30), identifying distinct molecular profiles that differentiate patients with and without lymph node metastasis (LNM). Subsequently, we validated the protein classifier associated with lymph node metastasis.

Results

We elucidated a combinatorial predictive protein biomarker that can distinguish patients with and without lymph node metastasis by LC-MS/MS. The classifier achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.892 (95% CI, 0.842-0.941), while in the testing cohort, it attained an AUC of 0.929 (95% CI, 0.824-1.000). Furthermore, the four protein markers demonstrated an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.783–0.890) in the validation cohort. Additionally, we categorized patients into three types based on immunophenotyping. Type 1 primarily consisted of patients with negative lymph node metastasis (NM), characterized by immune cells such as NK cells, CD4 T effector memory cells, and memory B cells. Type 2 mainly included patients with positive lymph node metastasis (LNM), characterized by immune cells such as mesangial cells, epithelial cells, and mononuclear cells. In Type 1, a prominent upregulation observed in immune inflammation, as well as in glucose and lipid metabolism. In Type 2, significant upregulation was evident in pathways such as pyrimidine metabolism and cell cycle regulation. The findings of this study suggest that immune mechanisms may exert a pivotal role in the process of lymph node metastasis in CRC.

Conclusions

Here, we present plasma protein signatures associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, further validation across multiple centers is necessary to generalize these findings.
Use of transcriptomics and genomics to assess the effect of disinfectant exposure on the survival and resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a human pathogen
Authors: Kirchner Miranda , Nunez-Garcia Javier , Duggett Nicholas , Gosling Rebecca J. , Anjum Muna F.
Published: October 2024

Disinfectants are essential for biosecurity, preventing the persistence and spread of zoonotic pathogens on farms and subsequent human infections. In this study, transcriptomics and genomics were utilised to assess the effect of disinfectant exposure on pathogenic Escherichia coli. The exposure of E. coli O157:H7 to sub-optimal concentrations of commonly used farm disinfectants elicited changes in both the transcriptome and genome. The transcriptomics identified upregulation of >300 genes and downregulation of >100 genes with functions, which included stress response, metabolism, transcription, transportation, membrane-associated and virulence genes. The phage shock protein (psp) operon was highly upregulated in response to a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-containing disinfectant, which has not previously been associated with a response to chemical stress. Disinfectant-adapted isolates generated by exposure to sub-lethal disinfectants levels demonstrated resistance to several common antibiotics and decreased sensitivity to biocides. Whole genome sequencing of the mutant strains indicated that they had acquired mutations in the genes associated with the upregulation of the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) efflux system (lon protease and marR) and topoisomerase genes (gyrA and gyrB). The disinfectant-adapted isolates also exhibited increased expression of transcription, respiration and several pH stress response genes localised in the “acid fitness island.” This study demonstrated that sub-optimal disinfectant concentrations allow E. coli O157:H7 to adapt and survive disinfection and develop antibiotic resistance. These changes could have implications for disease treatment and elimination on farms. Although E. coli O157:H7 and farm disinfectants were the focus of this study, we believe these findings are also applicable to other settings, including hospitals.
Impact of fasting blood glucose on prognosis after acute large vessel occlusion reperfusion: results from a multicenter analysis
Authors: Luo Bin , Xiang Yi , Meng Fanlei , Wang Yubo , Zhang Zhenzhong , Ren Hecheng , Ma Lin
Published: October 2024

Objective

To analyze the effect of fasting blood glucose levels after reperfusion of acute large vessel occlusion (ALVO) on patient functional prognosis.

Methods

Retrospectively included ALVO patients from three large stroke centers in China, all of whom achieved vascular reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy or bridging thrombolysis. The prognosis scores of all patients at 90 ± 7 days post-recanalization were categorized into a good prognosis group (mRS 0–2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS 3–6). The relationship between mean blood glucose levels at 72 h post-recanalization and prognosis was explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Then we measured the area under the ROC curve for all factors to assess their predictive performance.

Results

(1) Totally 2,056 patients were included in the study, with 1,488 males and 568 females. There were 1,370 patients in the good prognosis group (mRS 0–2) and 686 in the poor prognosis group (mRS 3–6). (2) The two groups exhibited significant differences in terms of age, preoperative mRS score, history of diabetes, and mean fasting blood glucose (MFBG) (p < 0.001). (3) With 90-day mRS as the outcome variable, all independent variables were included in Univariate and multivariate regression analyses analysis, and the results showed that: age, preoperative mRS score, history of diabetes, and MFBG are all independent predictors of prognosis after recanalization of ALVO, with MFBG demonstrating a higher predictive power than the other factors (AUC = 0.644).

Conclusion

Various factors are correlated with the prognosis in patients who have undergone ALVO recanalization. Notably, the MFBG level demonstrates a significant predictive value for outcomes within the first 72 h following the recanalization procedure.
Headache disorders: a persistent public health challenge for the under 50s
Authors: Meng Weijian , Sui Liutao
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Currently, neurological diseases has surpassed cardiovascular diseases as the primary cause of global disease burden. Among these, headache disorders are the most prevalent and have emerged as the main cause of disability in people under 50 years old in recent years. Since the release of GBD 2021, there has been no comprehensive systematic exposition on the burden of headache among individuals under 50 years old and a forecast for future burdens. This study aims to quantify the global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders among people under 50 from 1992 to 2021 and to predict future trends in order to provide policy makers with precise and effective epidemiological evidence.

Methods

This study extracted the incidence, prevalence, and DALYs data related to headache disorders in the 5–50 age group from the GBD 2021. After age-standardizing the data, we used joinpoint regression analysis and health inequity analysis to analyze the burden and temporal trend of headache disorders and predicted the future disease burden and changes based on the age-period-cohort model.

Results

By 2021, the case number of global incidence, prevalence and DALYs have increased by 35, 39, and 41%, respectively, over the past 30 years. The incidence and prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH) are significantly higher than those of migraine, but migraine causes greater health burdens. The burden is higher for female than for male. In terms of age, youth aged 25–29 years had the highest incidence in 2021, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) of 13,454.64 (95%CI, 9,546.96–18,361.36) per 100,000 population. Nationally, the highest ASR of incidence and prevalence are found in Norway, and the most damaging to health is found in Belgium. Among the five sociodemographic index (SDI) categories, the middle SDI has the highest number of cases (190 million in 2021). It is worth noting that the forecast shows that by 2046 the three indicators will reach 680 million, 2.33 billion, and 41 million, respectively, indicating that the burden of headache disorders in this age group will continue to persist.

Conclusion

Globally, the burden of headache disorders in people under 50 years of age remains significant and has not improved over the past 30 years, especially in regions with high SDI. Headache problems will continue to pose a serious public health challenge for this age group for some time to come. This study reveals the burden and distribution of headache disorders in this age group, providing important basis for governments and policymakers to accurately and effectively allocate health care resources, strengthen prevention and management strategies, and respond to this global health problem.
Plukenetia volubilis leaves as source of anti-Helicobacter pylori agents
Authors: Tan Aditya , Scortecci Katia Castanho , Cabral De Medeiros Nathalia Maira , Kukula-Koch Wirginia , Butler Thomas J. , Smith Sinéad Marian , Boylan Fabio
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major issue worldwide, with widespread prevalence, combined with its link to gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Meanwhile, effectiveness of current treatment protocols is limited by increasing antibiotic resistance and patient compliance issues due to long regimens and side effects. Plukenetia volubilis, or sacha inchi, is a valuable source of bioactive molecules. However, studies on its antimicrobial activity, especially against H. pylori, are lacking.

Methods

In this study, the anti-H. pylori activity of P. volubilis leaves water extract was explored using in vitro and in silico approaches. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionisation and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI- QTOF-MS-MS) analysis of the water extract from the leaves was used to characterise the chemical composition of the plant and allowed identification of some flavonoids, such as astragalin, and some phenolic compounds. Then, high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to fractionate the ethyl acetate partition obtained from the water extract from the leaves.

Results and Discussion

The presence of flavonoids derived from kaempferol was confirmed and astragalin was isolated for the first time in P. volubilis. The P. volubilis water infusion, ethyl acetate extract and the isolated astragalin exhibited anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori J99 and two clinical isolates (e.g., minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.53, 0.51 and 0.49 μg/mL, respectively, for clarithromycin-resistant clinical isolate SSR366). Then, using molecular docking for potential protein targets for H. pylori, it was verified that astragalin could interact with these proteins by in silico analysis.

Conclusion

These findings highlight that P. volubilis and astragalin produce a bacteriostatic activity against H. pylori and may have potential to be used in treatment against H. pylori, after further research.
Towards verifiable cancer digital twins: tissue level modeling protocol for precision medicine
Authors: Kemkar Sharvari , Tao Mengdi , Ghosh Alokendra , Stamatakos Georgios , Graf Norbert , Poorey Kunal , Balakrishnan Uma , Trask Nathaniel , Radhakrishnan Ravi
Published: October 2024

Cancer exhibits substantial heterogeneity, manifesting as distinct morphological and molecular variations across tumors, which frequently undermines the efficacy of conventional oncological treatments. Developments in multiomics and sequencing technologies have paved the way for unraveling this heterogeneity. Nevertheless, the complexity of the data gathered from these methods cannot be fully interpreted through multimodal data analysis alone. Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in delineating the underlying mechanisms to explain sources of heterogeneity using patient-specific data. Intra-tumoral diversity necessitates the development of precision oncology therapies utilizing multiphysics, multiscale mathematical models for cancer. This review discusses recent advancements in computational methodologies for precision oncology, highlighting the potential of cancer digital twins to enhance patient-specific decision-making in clinical settings. We review computational efforts in building patient-informed cellular and tissue-level models for cancer and propose a computational framework that utilizes agent-based modeling as an effective conduit to integrate cancer systems models that encode signaling at the cellular scale with digital twin models that predict tissue-level response in a tumor microenvironment customized to patient information. Furthermore, we discuss machine learning approaches to building surrogates for these complex mathematical models. These surrogates can potentially be used to conduct sensitivity analysis, verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification, which is especially important for tumor studies due to their dynamic nature.
Solanum pimpinellifolium exhibits complex genetic resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Authors: Hassan Jana A. , Diplock Nathan , Chau-Ly Ilea J. , Calma Jamie , Boville Elizabeth , Yee Steven , Harris Taylor M. , Lewis Jennifer D.
Published: October 2024

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is the causal agent of bacterial speck disease in tomatoes. The Pto/Prf gene cluster from Solanum pimpinellifolium was introgressed into several modern tomato cultivars and provided protection against Pst race 0 strains for many decades. However, virulent Pst race 1 strains that evade Pto-mediated immunity now predominate in tomato-growing regions worldwide. Here we report the identification of resistance to a Pst race 1 strain (Pst19) in the wild tomato accession S. pimpinellifolium LA1589 (hereafter LA1589), using our rapid high-throughput seedling screen. LA1589 supports less bacterial growth than cultivars, and does not exhibit a hypersensitive response to Pst19. We tested an existing set of 87 Inbred Backcross Lines (IBLs) derived from a cross between susceptible Solanum lycopersicum E-6203 and Solanum pimpinellifolium LA1589 for resistance to Pst19. Using single-marker analysis, we identified three genomic regions associated with resistance. Bacterial growth assays on IBLs confirmed that these regions contribute to resistance in planta. We also mapped candidate genes associated with resistance in a cross between the Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum cultivar Heinz BG-1706 and S. pimpinellifolium LA1589. By comparing candidates from the two mapping approaches, we were able to identify 3 QTL and 5 candidate genes in LA1589 for a role in resistance to Pst19. This work will assist in molecular marker-assisted breeding to protect tomato from bacterial speck disease.
The effect of goal frame and risk perception on digital flood prevention tool acceptability
Authors: Jezierski Théo , Ragot-Court Isabelle , Weiss Karine
Published: October 2024

Introduction

To cope with catastrophic floods, people need to be better prepared. In this context, a self-assessment digital tool for habitat vulnerability was developed. To improve its take-up rate, we are looking at the motivations associated with the social acceptability of this tool. The motivations (hedonic—gain—normative), derived from goal-frame theory, as well as elements relating to risk perception, are tested.

Method

One, 688 participants (aged between 18 and 87) first read a scenario presenting the application (reflecting either one of the motivations of the Goal Framing Theory or a control scenario with no motivation). After reading one of the scenarios, they completed an online questionnaire, measuring the acceptability of the tool using three measures: a direct one (items from the Technological Acceptability Model: ease of use, perceived usefulness and social influence), an indirect measure (by asking the percentage of neighbours interested in the tool) and a social measure (judgement of a person using the tool). The last part of the questionnaire was about subjects’ risk perception.

Results

The analyses show that, of all the scenarios, the one involving hedonic motivation leads to the lowest social acceptance of the tool. We also observe that a better risk perception predicts better tool acceptability. Finally, we observe interaction effects between risk perception and motivations, showing that normative motivation is better when risk perception increases and that the control condition is better when risk perception decreases.

Discussion

Goal framing theory is usually used for ecological behaviors. It also appears here as relevant in the field of risk prevention. Although risk perception remains the best predictor of acceptability, these results lead us to conclude that hedonic motivation is not appropriate for the acceptability of a flood risk prevention tool. It is preferable to focus on normative and gain motivations.
Adult mental healthcare professionals’ experiences of family centred conversations with patients who are parents: a qualitative study
Authors: Dalton Louise J. , de Cassan Simone , Ilyas Athif , Dunn Abby , Rapa Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Background

Many parents with a mental illness report a desire for both recognition of their parental role and support for themselves and their children. However, parents are often fearful of negative judgements from professionals about their ability to be a parent, which inhibits raising concerns about their children with clinical teams. Consequently, an essential first step to supporting families is for professionals to proactively identify which patients are parents, although evidence indicates this is not consistently part of services. Professionals could play a pivotal role in guiding parents about how to talk to their children about their mental illness; this in turn can facilitate family functioning and enable children to access evidence-based interventions. This approach is crucial for mitigating the well-documented intergenerational risk of poorer outcomes and mental illness in children of affected parents. This study aimed to explore adult mental healthcare professionals’ beliefs and experiences of talking with patients about: i) their role as parents ii) communication with their children about mental illness.

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 adult mental healthcare professionals with 4-30 years’ experience of working with adult patients under the care of NHS adult mental healthcare services in England. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using an inductive coding approach following the principles of thematic analysis.

Result

All participants recognised their responsibility to identify patients’ children through routine safeguarding protocols, but supporting patients around telling their children the diagnosis was less common. Many participants expressed concerns that raising the topic of children with patients could conflict with other parts of their professional role or would not be welcomed. Obstacles to these conversations were identified, across individual, environmental and organisational factors. Potential facilitators included specific staff training and resources for clinical teams and families around how to tell children about mental illness.

Conclusion

Adult mental healthcare professionals would benefit from enhanced training on the importance and methods of guiding parents to communicate with their children about mental illness. This should include routine identification of which patients are parents and recognition of the impact of an adult’s mental illness on the wider family system.