bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locus of Control as Moderator between Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction among Bank Employees
Authors: Illays Sidra , Nazar Naila , Hafeez Sadaf , Arshad Seemab , Adeeb Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Background: The global banking sector faces numerous challenges that necessitate a reevaluation of employee attitudes, behaviors, and the working environment. The critical roles of job satisfaction and work motivation in enhancing organizational efficiency and productivity are well-documented, with research consistently showing a positive correlation between these factors and organizational outcomes. The concept of locus of control, distinguishing between internal and external beliefs about control over life events, is a significant personality trait influencing job satisfaction and work motivation.
Objective: This study aims to explore the moderating role of locus of control on the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction among bank employees. It hypothesizes that an internal locus of control will enhance the positive correlation between work motivation and job satisfaction.
Methods: A quantitative research methodology was employed, involving the survey of 212 bank employees. Data were collected on work motivation, locus of control (internal and external), and job satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between these variables. Further, multiple hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to assess the moderating effect of locus of control on the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction. Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the constructs.
Results: The study found a strong positive correlation between work motivation and job satisfaction (r = .53, p < .01), a positive correlation between work motivation and internal locus of control (r = .44, p < .01), and a negative correlation between work motivation and external locus of control (r = -.26, p < .01). Job satisfaction also correlated positively with internal locus of control (r = .46, p < .01) and negatively with external locus of control (r = -.34, p < .01). The regression analysis revealed that internal locus of control significantly predicted job satisfaction and moderated the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction, with a total variance explained by the model of 68% (R² = .68, F = 86.83, p < .01).
Conclusion: The findings confirm the hypothesis that locus of control moderates the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction, with an internal locus of control enhancing this positive correlation. These insights highlight the importance of considering personality traits, such as locus of control, in developing strategies to enhance employee motivation and satisfaction, thereby contributing to organizational success and productivity.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antiinflammatory Potential of Hypnea Musciform (Rhodophyta) Collected from the Coastal Area of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Wasif , Khokhar Nadeem Hafeez , Abdur Rehman  , Shafaq Noori  , Muhammad Imran  , Abdul Samad Khan
Published: February 2024

Background: The extensive littoral zones of Karachi, Pakistan, are home to a diverse marine phytoplankton population, including the underutilized Hypnea musciformis. This red algae is an unexplored potential source of bioactive compounds for pharmacological use.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract of Hypnea musciformis collected from the coastal areas of Karachi.
Methods: Hypnea musciformis was collected from November 2019 to February 2021, with environmental parameters such as seawater temperature, pH, and salinity recorded. The collected samples were dried, powdered, and extracted in water. The cytotoxicity was assessed using a brine shrimp lethality test across a range of concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/ml), determining the LC50 value. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated via a membrane stabilization method on human red blood cells (HRBC), comparing the effects with the standard drug Diclofenac at concentrations ranging from 100 to 200 µg/ml.
Results: The brine shrimp lethality assay showed a dose-dependent increase in mortality with the highest concentration exhibiting 83% mortality, yielding an LC50 value of 550 µg/ml. The anti-inflammatory assay demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Hypnea musciformis provided a concentration-dependent protection with a maximum protection percentage of 78.64% at 200 µg/ml, while the control substance, Diclofenac, displayed higher efficacy.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Hypnea musciformis possesses significant cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting its potential as a source of natural compounds for therapeutic purposes. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of action and to confirm the safety and effectiveness of the extract in clinical applications.
Variation of Pain Intensity with Smoking in Knee Osteoarthritis in Males
Authors: Naseem Mahrukh , Alam Muhammad Mahmood , Akhtar Muhammad Waseem , Perwaiz Saadia , Burhan Muhammad , Masood Shehroz , Nehal Adan , Shahid Rabia
Published: February 2024

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a significant cause of disability, affecting daily living activities predominantly in females but also impacting males. Various factors contribute to its development, including smoking, yet data on its effect on the male population is sparse.
Objective: To explore the relationship between smoking and pain intensity in males with moderate-stage knee osteoarthritis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, enrolling 71 male participants aged 30 to 75 years with grade 2 knee osteoarthritis, diagnosed according to the Kellgren and Lawrence scale. Participants were categorized into smokers and non-smokers. Data on smoking habits and pain severity, assessed using the numeric pain rating scale, were collected through questionnaires. The association between smoking and pain intensity was analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square test, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: Out of 71 participants, 36 (50.7%) were smokers, and 35 (49.3%) were non-smokers. Severe pain was reported by 25 smokers, while 26 non-smokers experienced moderate pain. The analysis revealed a significant association between smoking and increased pain severity (P<0.05), with a direct correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and pain intensity.
Conclusion: The study identified a significant association between smoking and higher pain intensity in male patients with knee osteoarthritis. These findings suggest that smoking cessation should be a key component of osteoarthritis management strategies to alleviate pain and improve quality of life in affected individuals.
Teaching Anatomy in Rehabilitation Sciences: Perceptions of Undergraduate Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Sports Sciences Students of Ziauddin University, Pakistan
Authors: Hamza Fatima , Yameen Kiran , Khursheed Mahnoor , Jalil Saiqa , Khan Areeba
Published: February 2024

Background: Anatomy education serves as a cornerstone in the curriculum of rehabilitation sciences, encompassing physical therapy, occupational therapy, and sports sciences. The complexity of teaching and understanding human anatomy necessitates diverse pedagogical approaches to effectively prepare students for clinical practice. Recent trends emphasize the integration of clinical relevance and practical experience into anatomy education, reflecting the evolving needs of healthcare education.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the perceptions of undergraduate students from various rehabilitation science programs at Ziauddin University, Pakistan, regarding their anatomy education. It sought to identify the challenges faced by students, evaluate the effectiveness of current teaching methodologies, and assess the integration of theoretical knowledge with clinical practice.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, from January to June 2023, involving 120 students from the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), Doctor of Occupational Therapy (DOT), and Bachelor of Physical Education Health and Sports Sciences (BPEHSS) programs. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, assessing demographics, satisfaction with anatomy lectures, exposure to practical sessions, and perceptions of the relevance of anatomy to clinical practice. The analysis utilized SPSS version 25, presenting results in frequencies and percentages.
Results: Among the participants, 52.8% were aged 17-20, and 79.2% were female. The majority (83.2%) were in their preclinical years. A total of 66.4% expressed satisfaction with the duration of anatomy lectures, while practical sessions were attended by 52.8%. Challenges identified included the vast curriculum covered in a short time (79%), and a strong preference (83.2%) for physiotherapists trained as anatomists to teach anatomy. The relevance of anatomy to clinical performance was highly rated, with 63.9% recognizing its high relevance.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need for anatomy education in rehabilitation sciences to adapt to the demands of clinical relevance and practical application. Incorporating trained physiotherapists as instructors and increasing the focus on practical sessions could enhance students' learning experiences and preparation for clinical practice.
Observational Study on Adherence to modified Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute H3-A6 Guidelines on Blood Sampling Procedures
Authors: Rana Muhammad Zeeshan , Khan Najeeb Ullah , Batool Nayab , Anwer Hina , Khan Khizar
Published: February 2024

Background: The accuracy of clinical laboratory results is paramount for effective patient diagnosis and treatment. However, errors in the pre-analytical phase, particularly during phlebotomy, significantly impact the reliability of laboratory data. With the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines serving as a benchmark for best practices in blood collection, adherence to these standards is crucial for minimizing errors.
Objective: This study aimed to assess compliance with modified CLSI guidelines in phlebotomy procedures within a healthcare setting and identify the most prevalent errors in the pre-analytical phase that could compromise patient safety and the integrity of laboratory results.
Methods: Conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Lahore from January to March 2023, this observational study scrutinized phlebotomy practices across three distinct healthcare settings: emergency department, outpatient department, and clinical wards. A structured checklist, adapted from the European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) guidelines and aligned with local modifications, was employed to evaluate compliance in 20 specific areas of phlebotomy practice. A total of 285 phlebotomies were observed by specialized staff, with data analyzed using SPSS version 25 to compare error frequencies and compliance rates across different settings and among various healthcare professionals.
Results: The study revealed an overall compliance rate of 88% for identified request forms, 76% for patient identification according to local guidelines, and 66% for proper hand sanitization. However, significant errors were identified in checking for potential complications of venipuncture (34% compliance), with tubes being clearly under or overfilled (46% compliance), and in verifying that patients were prepared for phlebotomy (46% compliance). The error frequency varied across settings, with the highest discrepancies observed in the emergency department. Differences in compliance rates between laboratory staff and nurses were statistically significant in key areas, including patient identification (p<0.001) and tube labeling (p=0.081).
Conclusion: The study highlights a critical need for improving adherence to CLSI guidelines within phlebotomy practices to enhance patient safety and the accuracy of laboratory results. Targeted educational and training interventions are essential for addressing the identified gaps in compliance, particularly in patient identification, sample volume control, and verification of patient preparation for phlebotomy.
Long Term Outcome of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Unprotected Left Main Disease
Authors: Farooq Nasir , Osama Muhammad , Wadood Atta Ul , Waleed
Published: February 2024

Background: The management of unprotected left main coronary artery disease (LM CAD) poses a significant clinical challenge. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been extensively compared, with PCI emerging as a viable option for specific patient subsets. Advancements in interventional cardiology, including drug-eluting stents and intravascular ultrasound, have improved PCI outcomes, yet long-term efficacy remains a subject of investigation.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of PCI in patients with unprotected LM CAD, focusing on all-cause mortality, cardiac deaths, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, KPK, from November 2022 to October 2023. A total of 120 patients aged 55-70 years with LM disease undergoing PCI were included. Long-term outcomes were assessed after five years. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, focusing on frequency and association of outcomes with gender.
Results: The study observed all-cause mortality in 15.0% (n=18) of the patients, cardiovascular mortality in 6.7% (n=8), myocardial infarction in 7.5% (n=9), revascularization in 14.2% (n=17), and stroke in 4.2% (n=5). Gender analysis revealed no significant difference in all-cause mortality (P=0.73), with a notable gender disparity in cardiovascular mortality favoring females (P=0.04). Revascularization and stroke rates did not significantly differ by gender.
Conclusion: PCI presents a favorable and safe long-term treatment option for patients with unprotected LM CAD, with significant outcomes in terms of mortality, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke. The study supports the continued use of PCI in clinical practice, highlighting the necessity for further comparative research with CABG to optimize patient outcomes.
THE EFFECT OF DBT THERAPY AND TAZKIYAH AL NAFS ON IMPULSIVE SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS OF UIN RADEN FATAH
Authors: Luluk Azizah  , Najhan Haque  , Rendika Ikhsan R  , Agnes Fatimah Salwa  , Dea Narenda Oktapia  , Dhania Putri Hartono  , Neng Nurhasanah
Published: February 2024

Research on impulsivity and smoking shows that smokers are generally more impulsive than non-smokers and that impulsivity is associated with smoking initiation, maintenance, quitting, and nicotine dependence. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of BDT (dialectical behavior therapy) and Tazkiyah al-Nafs therapy on reducing impulsivity in active smokers among UIN Raden Fattah Palembang students. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research, and the participants in this study are active smoking students who have successfully quit smoking for at least 24 hours (one day). Two men were randomly selected as participants. This study used observation and interview techniques and consisted of five sessions, each session lasting 30-45 minutes. None of the two participants only quit smoking for 1-3 days (0%), but there was one participant each who managed not to smoke in 4-7 days (50%) and more than 7 days (50%). This result also indicates more success than the previous study where only 86% (6 out of 7 people) quit smoking for at least 24 hours. Despite the limitations, this study was successful in integrating the two types of therapy, and applying them well to help participants in their quit attempts.
The Plants Extract Toxicity Againts Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821) in Nyawai Ficus variegata (Blume)
Authors: Fajar Fajar Lestari , Beny Beny Rahmanto
Published: February 2024

One of the problems in developing Nyawai plants is the attack of snail pests Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821) at seedling level of the plants. Plant damage caused by these pests is quite large and causes seedling death. One of the control efforts that can be done is utilizing biomaterials which have molluscicidal properties (can kill mollusks). This study aimed to determine the toxicity of some extracts of biomaterial to control Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821) pests. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale. The study used a factorial random design with 3 replications. The treatment consisted of four biomaterials namely sembung (Blumea balsamifera), gadung (Discorea hispida), tuba (Derris eliptica and betel nut (Areca catechu) with each concentration of 10.25.50 g/l. Each concentration used 4 snails as a test sample. The parameters observed were snail mortality, and Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC95). The results showed that the gadung tuber extract had the highest toxicity as indicated by mortality of 75 % and the lowest LC95 value of 80.63 g/l. While the lowest toxicity is betel nut with mortality of 49.75 % and the highest LC95 value is 567.75 g/l. The Toxicity of tuba, pinang, and sembung are highest on 50 g/l concentration, excepted the gadung extract. In gadung extract, the highest toxicity was obtained on 10 g/l concentration. However, the application was consideration to the attack intensity of Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821) because the toxicity effect of biomaterial pesticide was slower than chemical molluscicide.
Allometric Models for Estimating Tree Biomass of Dryland Secondary Forest in East Halmahera
Authors: Mujahidah Mujahidah Sylviari Zaenal , Tatang Tatang Tiryana , Muhdin Muhdin Muhdin
Published: February 2024

Biomass estimation of secondary forests is required to support the emission reduction of carbon dioxide through an enhancement of forest carbon stocks. Commonly, forest biomass is indirectly estimated using tree biomass allometric models that are developed based on a destructive sampling of sample trees. The availability of biomass allometric models for secondary forests in Indonesia is still limited, particularly for secondary forest ecosystems in eastern Indonesia. This study aimed to develop allometric biomass models for mixed-species trees in a secondary forest of East Halmahera, North Maluku, and to compare their accuracies with some other allometric biomass models that commonly used for estimating biomass of secondary forests. The tree biomass measurement was conducted by using a destructive sampling of 18 mixed-species trees (with diameter range of 5,4 – 36,9 cm) in a secondary forest. The samples of each tree component (stem, branch, twig, and leaf) were analyzed in a laboratory to determine the biomass of each sample tree. Allometric models were developed by using a non-linear regression analysis, which were then compared with other allometric models. This study revealed that the biomass of mixed-species trees in the study area could be estimated accurately using the M7 model that used diameter, height, and wood density variables. Such local allometric model was more accurate than other allometric models commonly used for estimating tropical forest biomass. Alternatively, the M3 model that used diameter and height variables could also be used when wood density data was not available. The local allometric models from this study can enrich the availability of biomass allometric models for secondary forest ecosystems in eastern Indonesia.
Analysis of Vulnerability Levels to the Flash Flood Based on Social Economic and Institutional Factors in Wasior, Teluk Wondama, West Papua
Authors: Baharinawati Baharinawati Wilhan Hastanti , Freddy Freddy Jontara Hutapea
Published: February 2024

One form of disaster mitigation is to know the vulnerability of areas that are at risk of disaster socially and economically. Studies on vulnerability to flash floods are necessary, as it might prevent material losses and fatalities. Wasior District at Teluk Wondama Regency experienced a flash flood in 2010 causing negative impacts such as fatalities and large material losses. To anticipate flash floods that might occur in the future, studies to evaluate the vulnerability to the flash flood are needed. This study aimed to: 1) analyze the level of vulnerability to flash floods in Wasior based on socioeconomic factors post the 2010 flash floods, 2) analyze the level of vulnerability to flash floods in Wasior based on institutional factors. The method used in this study was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was conducted by observation, interview, and documentation. Data were analyzed by: 1) identifying the socioeconomic indicators of the community and institutions around the watershed, 2) providing weighting scores to the social economic criteria and institutional criteria from the most vulnerable to the least vulnerable, 3) assessing the level of community and institution vulnerabilities in the study site to the impact of flash floods based on the calculation of the weighting scores of socio-economic and institutional indicators. The results showed that the level of socioeconomic vulnerability to flash floods were categorized as moderate (total score 2.084), while the level of institutional vulnerability was low (total score 2.251). The results of this study can be used as a basis for considerations in the implementation of flash flood mitigation in Wasior.
The Effect of Tree Shade and Pruning Techniques on Screw Tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) Fruit Productivity in the Natural Habitat
Authors: Dani Dani Pamungkas , Siswadi Siswadi Siswadi
Published: February 2024

Screw tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) is a shrub species with 5 to 15 main stems where the natural distribution can be found in South Timor Tengah (TTS) regency of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province and it is potential as a medicinal plant. The fruits are the main material harnessed for traditional medicine or jamu. Recently, little is known on fruit productivity of screw tree under shaded and open area. At the field showed that there were differences on fruit and flower production under two shade condition and the main stems. The research aimed for gaining information on the effect of pruning on screw tree fruit productivity in the natural habitat under two shade conditions on fruit productivity. Split plot design was employed with two factors which were two shade conditions (shaded under trees and open) as a main plot and the pruning techniques as a sub plot. Pruning techniques had affected significantly on the number of shoots and fruits, and there was an interaction between treatments to the number of fruits. Shade conditions had an important role on fruit production. Plants grew under open space had better fruit characteristics on fruit length (46,94 cm), fruit diameter (6,41 mm), post-harvest fruit weight (0,94 g), oven-dried fruit weight (0,89 g) and lower water content (5,57 %), compared to under shaded space 44,16 mm; 5,73 mm; 0,87 g; 0,81 g and 6,95 %, respectively for fruit length, fruit diameter, post-harvest fruit weight, oven-dried fruit weight and fruit water content.
Study of Light Intensity in Riparian Zone of Teak Production Forest in KHDTK Cemoro Modang
Authors: Agung Agung Wahyu Nugroho , Heru Heru Dwi Riyanto
Published: February 2024

Vegetation is one of the factors that influence the protection function of the riparian zone. Riparian vegetation in teak production forests is dominated by teak plantation with low species diversity. Rehabilitation is needed to increase the role of vegetation in protecting riparian zone. Data and information of light intensity is required to support the success of rehabilitation. Light intensity is a significant factor for photosynthesis which impacts on the survival, growth and adaptation of a vegetation. The varying light intensity in the riparian zone due to diverse land cover becomes a challenge in rehabilitating this area. This study aims to identify light intensity in riparian zone of Modang River and Cemoro River in the teak production forest. Recognizing light characteristics will help in species selection to rehabilitate this area. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Direct measurement of light intensity was carried out along riparian zone of the Modang and Cemoro Rivers by systematic sampling. A sampling plot measuring 20 x 20 meter was used as the location of the sampling point with a total of 36 plots. Climate data are obtained from field observations through the nearest climatology station. The results showed that different canopy cover causing light intensity of Modang and Cemoro rivers varies. Canopy cover in this area can be divided into canopy cover of teak forest of various ages (production plants), johar (previous rehabilitation plants), and logged-over areas. The selection of tolerant and intolerant trees is important to use as consideration for rehabilitation, in addition to other silvicultural and socio-economic considerations of the local community.
The Volume Model of Tree Species Group in Peat Swamp Forest at Logging Concession Area of Tingang Karya Mandiri, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Qirom Muhammad Abdul Qirom , Acep Acep Akbar
Published: February 2024

Tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) has a high species diversity and value including timber value. The valuation of timber is approached by calculating the stand volume. However, the volume model at PSF is not available for every species and species groups in specific site. This study aims to obtain a volume estimation model of species groups of tree species in peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan. The model development and validation used 120 sample trees of the dipterocarpaceae and non-dipterocarpacae species. The distribution of sample trees is 70 % for the development model and 30 % for the validation stage. Modeling used linear and non-linear models). The selection of the best model used several criteria including: coefficient of determination, relative deviation (SR <8 %) and aggregation (SA <1 %), presumptive bias (s and RSE: Root Square Errors), AIC (Akaike's Information criteriation), and NRMSE (Normalized Root Mean Square Errors). The results of this study indicated the Berkhout/diameter model as a single variable was very good in estimating the volume of trees at all levels namely species groups and all species except dipterocarpaceae groups. This model had a high coefficient of determination (R2 >95 %). The models compiled met the SA and SR criteria so that the models were very accurate in estimating tree volume at the tree level, as individuals and stands. The implication of this research was that the whole species model can be used to estimate the volume of trees in peat swamp forest.
The Invigoration Techniques of Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Seeds During the Storage
Authors: Naning Naning Yuniarti
Published: February 2024

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is one of forestry plant that has double benefits (economic and ecological). One of the problems faced in the development of nyamplung is its recalcitrant seed, which can not be stored for long periods. To increase the viability of nyamplung seed during storage, seed invigoration techniques are required. Invigoration is the treatment given to seeds before planting with the aim of improving germination and growth of sprouts. The purpose of this research is to know the proper invigoration technique on nyamplung seed during storage. The experimental design of the research was used Completely Randomized Design (CRDL) with factorial. There are 2 factors treatments: the first factor of: Invigoration treatment (control, osmoconditioning with soaking in aquades for 24 hours, osmoconditioning with immersion in PEG-6000 concentration 15 % for 24 hours, matriconditioning with moisture of newspaper (CD) for 2 hours, and matriconditioning with moisture ash scrub for 2 hours) and savings period factor the second factor of period of storage (0, 1, and 2 months). The research was conducted with replication is 4 times, @ each with 50 seeds of seed. The observation of germination is done after normal sprout growth, which it has of a pair of leaves. The parameters observed were germination and germination rate. The results showed that the proper invigoration technique on nyamplung seed during storage was the treatment of matriconditioning with moisture of newspaper (CD) for 2 hours. With this treatment it can increase the viability of seed nyamplung (germination) at 42 % and vigor seed (germination rate) at 0,56 % /etmal. results at the end of the abstract. The longer the storage period will cause the value of germination and the speed of germination to decrease.
Dynamic Modeling of Neural Cell Network Formation: Some Insights into Early Brain Development
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch , Sakuramoto Paula
Published: February 2024

This study presents a computational simulation that illustrates the early stages of neural cell network formation, a fundamental process in brain development. We developed a two-phase model to simulate the dynamic and complex interactions of neural cells during and after migration. In the first phase, we focused on the radial and tangential migration of neural cells, incorporating movements influenced by both genetic programming and environmental factors. This phase was characterized by increased radial and tangential migration strengths, allowing cells to disperse and form initial connections. In the second phase, we shifted our focus to network development, simulating the reinforcement of existing connections and the formation of new ones, leading to the emergence of complex network structures. My simulation employed a rule-based approach to model cell movement and adhesion, capturing the essence of cell migration patterns and early network formation such a rich clubs and small worlds. The results highlight how neural cells, starting from random positions, migrate directionally, forming rudimentary networks that evolve into more complex structures. The study provides a visual and conceptual framework for understanding the initial formation of neural networks and offers insights into the interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental stimuli in brain development. This model serves as a foundation for future research exploring the intricacies of neural network formation and its implications for neurological development and disorders.
"Heterogeneity and Criticality in Neural Networks: A Computational Model of the Griffiths Phase"
Authors:   StornowayMinds, Motgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: February 2024

This article presents a computational exploration into the dynamics of neural networks, focusing on the manifestation of heterogeneity and critical behavior akin to the Griffiths phase observed in condensed matter physics. Drawing inspiration from the rich tapestry of neural activities within the human neocortex, we develop a simplified model to investigate how networks with diverse propensities for critical behavior can exhibit complex, adaptive functionalities. Utilizing an Erdős–Rényi random graph as the foundation, we introduce a proportion of nodes designated as "critical," possessing a higher likelihood of activation, to simulate the nuanced interplay between different regions of a theoretical brain network. Through iterative simulations, we examine the activation patterns over time, paying close attention to the influence of critical nodes on the overall network dynamics. The model integrates fundamental principles from network theory and neuroscience, offering insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the brain's remarkable ability to process information efficiently, adapt to new stimuli, and maintain robustness in the face of perturbations. Our findings highlight the importance of heterogeneity and criticality in enhancing the computational capabilities of neural networks, providing a conceptual bridge between theoretical physics and cognitive neuroscience. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the brain's operational principles and opens avenues for further research into the applications of criticality and Griffiths phases in artificial intelligence and neural network design.
Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Dental Ergonomics among Physiotherapy Practitioners – A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Sidhu Logesh , K Kasthuri , Gunasegaran Kaviashika , Hephzibah Angeline
Published: February 2024

The field of dental ergonomics encompasses much more than just mitigating musculoskeletal diseases at work. When ergonomics is used successfully, it guarantees high production, prevents diseases and injuries, and raises worker satisfaction. On the other hand, improper use might result in musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) associated to the workplace. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional survey was done among 250 Physiotherapy practitioners for a time period of 6 months through a 13 item self-administered questionnaire. The data were collected in person and was analysed to statistical methods. RESULTS: Only 28.67% of participants knew what physiotherapy dental ergonomics was, although 89% acknowledged knowing about body posture and productivity throughout the entire sample. It was shown that, in dentistry practise, 75.33% of respondents believed that good posture may avoid musculoskeletal illnesses, while 21.67% believed that it enhances one's physical appearance. Of them, 38% had a good attitude towards treating dentists, and 18.6% had treated dentists with multiple sclerosis in the past. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that physiotherapy practitioners had very less knowledge on physiotherapy dental ergonomics and showed a good positive attitude on treating the dentist population but seems to have very less encounters in their clinical practice.
Assessing the Oral Health Status and Oral Health Literacy among Adult Population Visiting the Dental College in Aurangabad – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Divekar Pallavi , Karande Purnima , Burde Karuna , Gadekar Swapnaja , Burde Kshitija
Published: February 2024

Detecting patients with insufficient oral health literacy (OHL) and enhancing communication between healthcare providers and patients is crucial in addressing the prevalence of preventable diseases and the reluctance to adopt healthy practices. This research endeavors to examine the correlation between OHL and specific socio-demographic factors, as well as adult oral health status of people residing in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30) was used to evaluate 150 participants who were chosen at random from the outpatient department of Shri Chatrapathi Shahu Maharaj Shikshan Sanstha (CSMSS). Using the 1997 World Health Organization oral health survey proforma, the demographic information and dental health status of each assessed individual were recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test, correlations, analysis of variance, and t-tests were used in the statistical study. RESULTS: Statistically, there were no significant associations noticed between gender, age, or ethnicity and REALD30 scores. However, notable associations were observed between specific oral health-related factors and the obtained REALD scores, including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, prevalence of prosthetic needs, loss of attachment scores and CPI (Community Periodontal Index). Additionally, REALD-30 scores exhibited negative correlations in Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) values. CONCLUSION: Sex, age, and ethnicity did not show associations with oral health literacy (OHL) within this sampled population from Aurangabad. However, a noteworthy association was identified between OHL and oral health status, revealing that lower OHL levels were linked to a deteriorating oral health status. Considering these findings, OHL instruments are crucial screening tools to determine who or what groups is most vulnerable to poor dental health.
Management of Cutaneous Draining Sinus Tract of Odontogenic Origin
Authors: Ali Hasan , Ahmad Masud , Shusta FarhanaHoq , Hossain Mozammal
Published: February 2024

Chronic inflammation of the dental pulp is one of the reasons for cutaneous sinus tract of odontogenic origin. A cutaneous sinus or extra oral sinus from a lesion of endodontic origin is rare as compared to an intra oral sinus and may occur as result of long-standing inflammatory process associated with necrotic pulp. Such patients are usually healthy and are unaware of the underlying asymptomatic dental problem. Thus, the treatment protocol should be elimination of the etiological factors first. A 24-year-old male was presented with a draining sinus tract on his left cheek. In radiographic assessment, periapical lesion was noticed associated with the roots of the affected tooth. Root canal treatment was performed using Calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament. The sinus tract disappeared one weeklater. However, longterm clinical and radiological evaluation is necessary.
A Review of Oil Spills on Marine Life and Associated Wildlife
Authors: Maurya J.L.
Published: February 2024

Oil is an ancient fossil fuel used to power sectors like heat and electricity production. A wide range of fuels in automobiles and lubricants for mechanical machines have a significant role in our economy. Oil spills occur due to accidents, such as vessels crashing or being damaged, problems with oil platforms and drilling, and people making mistakes or equipment breaking down. Other causes include natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic activity underwater. Volcanic eruptions can release oil and gas stored beneath the seafloor. The intense heat and pressure can cause hydrocarbons to escape, forming oil slicks on the water's surface. We provide a summary literature review and overview framework to help communities systematically consider the factors and linkages that would influence the consequences of a potential oil spill. The focus is on spills from oil tanker accidents. Drawing primarily on empirical studies of previous oil spill disasters, we focused on several domains of interest: the oil spill, the physical marine environment, marine biology, human health, and policy
LITERASI KEUANGAN PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN GURU LAB SCHOOL MUHAMMADIYAH DI MAKASSAR
Authors: Akbar Riyansyah  , Ismail Badollahi
Published: February 2024

Perencanaan merupakan langkah awal dalam mengidentifikasi segala kebutuhan organisasi. Perencanaan menentukan untuk apa, dimana, kapan dan berapa lama akan dilaksanakan, dan bagaimana cara melaksanakannya. Pada proses perencanaan keuangan Lab school dilakukan beberapa tahap. Perencanaan keuangan sekolah diimplementasikan dalam bentuk Rencana Anggaran Belanja Pendapatan Sekolah (RABPS). Rencana Anggaran Belanja Pendapatan Sekolah (RABPS) dapat membantu Bendahara Sekolah dalam merencanakan keuangan sekolah dalam satu tahun berjalandan dalam pelaksanaannya RABPS dapat pula membantu Bendahara Sekolah dalam mengatur keuangan sekolah dan sebagaipengambilan keputusan dalam pengendalian keuangan sekolah. Setiap awal tahun anggaran masing-masing bidang kerja yang meliputi: (1) Kepala Tata Usaha dan (2) Bendahara Sekolah Membuat program kerja sekolah yang memuat: (a). Indikator pencapaian program kerja, (b). Uraian kegiatan, (c). Jadwal kegiatan dan (d). Anggaran kegiatan. Berdasarkan program kerja masing-masing bidang, maka jadwal kegiatan akan dijadikan sebagai bahan dalam pembuatan Rencana Kerja Sekolah (RKS) sedangkan anggaran kegiatan akan dijadikan sebagai bahan dalam pembuatan Rencana Anggaran Belanja Pendapatan Sekolah (RABPS). Informasi dalam RABPS memuat (a). Pendapatan yang bersumber dari Pemerintah Pusat berupa dana (BOS), BOPDA dan SPP sedangkan; (b). Pembiayaan digunakan sebagai Belanja pegawai, Belanja barang dan jasa, Belanja modal dan Belanja kegiatan intra dan ekstra sekolah.
When medicine meets social sciences: autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Cirillo Nicola
Published: February 2024

Autism is often surrounded by misconceptions, especially regarding behaviours that society deems abnormal. It is crucial to understand that many of these behaviours are not inherently problematic but are perceived as such due to societal norms and social codes. This article aims to shed light on how autistic behaviours are often natural responses to the complex and sometimes unforgiving landscape of social interaction.
Multidrug-resistant Candida auris: not the usual commensal
Authors: Zainal Mukarramah , Kamil Wan NurHazirah Wan Ahmad , Arzmi Mohd Hafiz , Sarmin Nurul ‘Izzah Mohd
Published: February 2024

Candidemia remains a public health concern worldwide. In the last 10 years, Candida auris (C. auris) has emerged as a problematic pathogen in the healthcare setting. The pathogen is difficult to identify, multiple-drug-resistant and highly transmissible, and has attracted considerable attention due to its rapid and widespread transmission. The reasons behind the emer-gence of this fungus remain unclear to date. In this review, we discuss the ep-idemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathophysiology of C. auris infection and highlight key factors that enable the fungus to cause outbreaks, includ-ing the difficulties in identification and the ability to colonize medical equipment surfaces, form biofilms, and spread via direct contact, and its re-sistance to anti-fungal agents. As Candida sp. is the fungus most frequently isolated in the mouth, we also assessed whether the oral cavity could be a missing link in the emergence of C. auris outbreaks, and concluded that there is currently scarce evidence supporting the role of oral infections in the spread of this pathogen. Possible explanations include the inability of C. auris to colonise the oral cavity and the significant sensitivity to histatin 5 in hu-man saliva. An understanding of the virulence factors as well as of the mech-anisms that confer protection against C. auris infection, exemplified by the oral ecosystem, may be useful in developing effective anti-fungal strategies for this pathogen.
Evaluation of multimedia teaching-learning tools to promote the media-didactic knowledge of student teachers in teacher education
Authors: Frank Katharina , Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia Olga , Brückner Sebastian , Schell Mona , Liederbach Nina , Dormann Christian , Reichert-Schlax Jasmin
Published: February 2024

This paper describes a comprehensive multi-perspective evaluation of research-based multimedia teaching and learning tools developed in the QLB project “Technology and Economics. Integrated Didactics” on the topics "SAMR model" and "ICAP model", which address the use of media in teaching. The focus is on evaluating the potential of the newly developed tools to promote action-oriented, media-didactic knowledge among prospective teachers in economics education. To evaluate the use of the newly developed tools, data from a quasi-experimental pre-post study has been analyzed. A total of 99 trainee teachers for vocational/commercial schools worked with the tools for a two-week period. The multimedia tools had a positive influence on the target media-didactic knowledge. Based on the evaluation results, the study’s limitations are identified, as well as implications for further research and digitally transformed teacher training practice.
Efficient Selection Methods in Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Stańczak Jarosław Tomasz
Published: February 2024

Evolutionary algorithms mimic some elements of the theory of evolution. The survival of individuals and the possibility of producing offspring play a huge role in the process of natural evolution. This process is called a natural selection. This mechanism is responsible for eliminating poor population members and gives the possibility of development for good ones. The evolutionary algorithm - an instance of evolution in the computer environment also requires a selection method, a computer version of natural selection. Widely used standard selection methods applied in evolutionary algorithms are usually derived from nature and prefer competition, randomness and some kind of ``fight'' among individuals. But computer environment is quite different from nature. Computer populations of individuals are usually small, they easily suffer from a premature convergence to local extremes. To avoid this drawback, computer selection methods must have different features than natural selection. In the computer selection methods randomness, fight and competition should be controlled or influenced to operate to the desired extent. Several new methods of individual selection are proposed in this work: several kinds of mixed selection, an interval selection and a taboo selection. Also advantages of passing them into the evolutionary algorithm are shown, using examples based on searching for the maximum α-clique problem and traditional TSP in comparison with traditionally considered as very efficient tournament selection, considered ineffective proportional (roulette) selection and similar classical methods.
Most Current Solutions using Virtual-Reality-Based Methods in Cardiac Surgery -- A Survey
Authors: Mikolajewski Dariusz , Bryniarska Anna , Wilczek Piotr M. , Myslicka Maria , Sudol Adam , Tenczynski Dominik , Kostro Michal , Rekawek Dominika , Tichy Rafal , Gasz Rafal , Pelc Mariusz , Zygarlicki Jaroslaw , Koziol Michal , Martinek Radek , Kahankova Vilimkova Radana , Vilimek Dominik , Kawala-Sterniuk Aleksandra
Published: February 2024

There is a widespread belief that VR technologies can provide controlled, multi-sensory, interactive 3D stimulus environments that engage patients in interventions and measure, record and motivate required human performance. In order to investigate state-of-the-art and associated occupations we provided a careful review of 6 leading medical and technical bibliometric databases. Despite the apparent popularity of the topic of VR use in cardiac surgery, only 47 articles published between 2002 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria. Based on them VR-based solutions in cardiac surgery are useful both for medical specialists and for the patients themselves. The new lifestyle required from cardiac surgery patients is easier to implement thanks to VR-based educational and motivational tools. However, it is necessary to develop the above-mentioned tools and compare their effectiveness with Augmented Reality (AR). With the aforementioned reasons, interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists, clinicians and engineers is necessary.