bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Value-at-Risk using Weibull distribution – portfolio analysis on the precious metals market
Authors: Krężołek Dominik
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we present a modification of the Weibull distribution for the Value-at- Risk (VaR) estimation of investment portfolios on the precious metals market. The reason for using the Weibull distribution is the similarity of its shape to that of empirical distributions of metals returns. These distributions are unimodal, leptokurtic and have heavy tails. A portfolio analysis is carried out based on daily log-returns of four precious metals quoted on the London Metal Exchange: gold, silver, platinum and palladium. The estimates of VaR calculated using GARCH-type models with non-classical error distributions are compared with the empirical estimates. The preliminary analysis proves that using conditional models based on the modified Weibull distribution to forecast values of VaR is fully justified.
Why pacing of conduction system?
Authors: Mitkowski Przemysław
Published: October 2021

Cardiac pacing since the 50th of the last century is the standard of care for patients with bradycardia. The aims of this therapy have changed over the decades from a life-saving option to achieve the most physiologic “prosthesis” of the conduction system in patients with atrioventricular blocks and improve depolarization sequence in those with heart failure and intraventricular conduction abnormalities. In the last years, direct conduction system pacing methods are developing very quickly. His bundle pacing, direct left bundle branch pacing with its modifications were introduced into clinical practice. Lack of big, randomized trials and technical aspects of these new modes of pacing caused that these methods haven’t achieved a high class of recommendation in recently published guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology.
Novelties in cardiac pacing. Left bundle branch pacing, a step-by-step guide
Authors: Jastrzębski Marek
Published: October 2021

Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) technique is a new method for conduction system pacing that is useful for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. LBBP, while less physiological than His bundle pacing, offers several practical advantages. Namely, lower and stable pacing thresholds, good sensing of the intrinsic ventricular activity and easiness in localizing the pacing target. The LBBP method more often than His bundle pacing results in engagement of the conduction system distal to the area of the block.
A step-by-step approach to LBBP was described. Attention was given to the following phases of the procedure: 1) localization of the target area on the septum, 2) the lead rotation technique with an interpretation of the lead responses (drill effect, screwdriver effect, entanglement effect), 3) methods for monitoring the lead depth in the septum to avoid perforation (fixation beats, continuous pace mapping, impedance), and 4) methods to differentiate between LBBP and left ventricular septal pacing.
EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA, QUEM DECIDE?
Authors: Nogueira Ana Luísa Melo
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar se as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal ocorridas no contexto da pandemia de COVI-19, especificamente as Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade nº 6.341 e 6.343 e a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 672, estão de acordo com a tendência atual do federalismo brasileiro, em sua vertente cooperativa e assimétrica, e também com a concretização adequada do direito à saúde como direito fundamental dos brasileiros. Para tanto, optou-se por uma pesquisa exploratória que buscasse entender a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre conflitos federativos e as pecuiaridades desses casos específicos, julgados em um momento padêmico agravado pela crise federativa que se instalou. Também foi feita uma pesquisa exploratória dos aportes teóricos de novas vertentes do federalismo, especialmente a cooperativa e a assimétrica, e de como o direito à saúde é tratada pelo nosso pacto federativo. Por fim, buscou-se analisar como o Supremo entendeu a federação em meio à pandemia.
A REPRESENTATIVIDADE DO SERTÃO MINEIRO PELAS VEREDAS DA LITERATURA ROSEANA
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Luiza
Published: October 2021

O objetivo do artigo em questão é apresentar, por meio do clássico literário ‘Grande Sertão: Veredas’ de João Guimarães Rosa, uma análise das diversas faces do sertão de Minas Gerais, local quase sempre colocado à margem na historiografia. Neste sentido, parte-se de uma observação acerca do conceito de sertão nas produções intelectuais brasileiras ao longo dos séculos, tendo seu foco na escrita de Rosa, visto que o autor narra os atores e processos do espaço com uma singularidade inédita. Assim, este trabalho busca demonstrar como a narrativa roseana representa a região, contribuindo diretamente com a história e as vivências de Minas Gerais.
DA TUTELA INIBITÓRIA NO DIREITO DE FAMÍLIA
Authors: Chebile Jéssica , Cruz Milena Pessôa
Published: October 2021

Pretende-se, neste artigo demonstrar a possibilidade da aplicação da tutela inibitória no Direito de Família posto que seu uso não é algo frequente, talvez e em especial por  ser está mesmo desconhecida de grande parte dos operadores do direito. Neste sentido, buscou-se através dos estudos tanto, de doutrina, quando de jurisprudências, bem como a interpretação da legislação processual e civil em vigor, sempre com enfoque constitucional para obtenção da resposta sobre o meio de pôr fim à repetição ou continuação de ilícitos no âmbito familiar.
From Expansionist Power to the Erosion of Bios in Arendt’s Interpretation of Hobbes
Authors: Robison Meghan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

This essay examines Arendt’s interpretation of Hobbes as it develops from “Expansion and the Philosophy of Power” (1946) and The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) to The Human Condition (1958) by focusing on the role of the concept of process, and the reductive concept of life as “the life-process” in order to highlight an important way in which Arendt sees Hobbes as contributing to the valorization of the life-process in modernity. By reconstructing Arendt’s interpretation of Hobbes as it develops in these texts, I aim to expand our understanding of Hobbes’s importance for Arendt’s analysis of modernity by showing that Hobbes is not only the philosopher of an original “expansionist” concept of power and a political-economic imperialist state but also, on account of the centrality of the notion of process within it, key to the elevation of life as the highest value in the modern vita activa.
Living in Nowheresville: David Hume’s Equal Power Requirement, Political Entitlements and People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Gould James B. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Political theory contains two views of social care for people with intellectual disabilities. The favor view treats disability services as an undeserved gratuity, while the entitlement view sees them as a deserved right. This paper argues that David Hume is one philosophical source of the favor view; he bases political membership on a threshold level of mental capacity and shuts out anyone who falls below. Hume’s account, which excludes people with intellectual disabilities from justice owing to their lack of power, but includes them in charity, is morally deficient. The shortcomings of Hume’s theory underscore the necessity of having a view of justice which ensures that people with intellectual disabilities are not marginalized. In defending the entitlement view, I integrate philosophical analysis and concrete examples of policy issues.
Revocation of will and judicial proceedings for declaring a will ineffective under the Law on Inheritance of Serbia with reference to other contemporary European legal systems
Authors: Vidić-Trninić Jelena
Published: October 2021

In Serbian law, a valid will can be revoked based on the will of the testator, more precisely through the revocation of the will or based on a court decision. This paper analyzes the solutions of the Law on Inheritance of Serbia, dedicated to the mentioned ways of revoking a last will, and at the same time examines the legal regulation of that issue in other legal systems in Europe. The author finds that in the realization of the right to revoke a will, the legislation of Serbia undoubtedly affirms the freedom of will, and that in that respect, it is in principle harmonized with the legal solutions observed on European legal soil. In the aspect of the purpose for which it is prescribed, a special advantage of domestic regulation is the possibility of declaring a will ineffective through a court decision. The author further considers that certain solutions that can be found in comparative law, such as the possibility to invalidate testamentary dispositions made in favour of former spouse, could be accepted in Serbian inheritance law as well. Finally, according to the author, some existing legal solutions dedicated to the revocation of wills, need to be specified and completed de lege ferenda, in order to achieve legal certainty.
Development of special property rights regimes
Authors: Nikolić Dušan , Midorović Sloboda
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the shaping of special legal regimes has been intensified. They discreetly influence the ideological and value orientation of the Civil law and, to an increasing extent, its structure. Deviation from the general legal regime means that individuals or narrower social groups are brought either to a privileged or to a less favorable position in relation to other right holders. A more pronounced disparity between the general and the special can affect the stability of society, especially when it comes to the segment of the legal system that regulates issues related to the distribution and appropriation of goods in the domain of Real property law and Inheritance law. The introduction of new special legal regimes should affect the spread of Civil law. However, in most legal systems there is an opposite trend. New legal institutes that are in the function of implementing special legal regimes are governed by special regulations and often become part of separate, independent branches of law. Dispersion is especially emphasized in the domain of Real property law. The problem is that special legal regimes have not been the subject of more detailed studies in domestic doctrine. In this paper, questions concerning their conceptual definition, legal nature and practical significance are opened. In the first part, which could be conditionally called general, the current problems related to ideological and systemic dilemmas are analyzed. In the second, special, the current concept of a special property regime that applies to cultural goods is analyzed. Cultural goods are material elements of the cultural heritage of our country. The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia recognizes their status as goods of public interest, which implies the need for their enhanced protection. It is achieved by prescribing various public law restrictions that narrow the autonomy of the will of the owner. The paper analyzes the limitations of property entitlements for immovable and movable cultural goods, as well as for the goods that enjoy prior protection. Domestic regulations are inadequate in some segments because they provide for excessive restrictions (e.g. when determining the category of goods to which the right of pre-emption applies), because in some places they are insufficiently precise (in terms of determining the holder of the pre-emption right), or insufficiently elaborated (due to the failure to provide for the notification (die Anmerkung) of an (immovable) property that enjoys prior protection in the real estate cadastre). This emphasizes the importance of striving to achieve a fair balance between the public interest of the community, on the one hand, and the interests of owners, on the other.
Consultation between central and local authorities in financial matters in Serbia
Authors: Orlović Slobodan , Rajić Nataša
Published: October 2021

Financial autonomy is of crucial importance for the political automony within the vertical organisation of power. Local level of government seems to be in the most vunerable position, bearing in mind the flexibility of the constitutional framework in this area. The communication between different levels of government is an useful tool in searching for a balans between local needs and needs of public financial sector as a whole. The subject of this paper is the existance of normative and institutional preconditions for integovernmental dialogue between central and local levels of government in the Republic of Serbia. This question had been put into the wider social and political context which include the constitutional position of local self-government, the type of eceltoral system on the both levels as well as the degree of constitutional and political culture in our society. The results of research show that there are normative and institutional preconditions for intergovernmental dialogue in the constitutional system of the Republic of Serbia, but, in reality, there is still much space for developing of a such kind of cooperation.
Administrative jurisprudence as a popular science in Hungary
Authors: Rixer Adam
Published: October 2021

Why should administrative jurisprudence not also be one of the popular sciences? Why only physicists have the privilege to talk about their own field in a way that is accessible, understandable and interesting for many? After defining the general concept of science promotion, this study briefly presents the main goals of promotion, including the skills that can be developed the most through these promotion efforts, the administrative areas that, in our opinion, are of the most public interest, new communication opportunities and channels and concrete (methodological) solutions that increase opportunities for addressing and dialogue, including the interdisciplinary fields that use and present results of administrative law. It proceeds to consider answers regarding the matters of what skills and knowledge the ideal promoter should have and what social target groups can potentially be the focus of promotion efforts. The study also captures the general and administrative knowledge limitations of science promotion before concluding with a summary of the results obtained.
On the changes and ammendments to the Law on Protection of the Population from Contagious Diseases: What novelties does the so-called corona law bring
Authors: Milić Ivan
Published: October 2021

The National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia has adopted changes and ammendments to the Law on Protection of the Population from Contagious Diseases twice in the year 2020. The main goal of the author is to demonstrate that the adopted changes and ammendments are a "clear indicator" that certain measures adopted in order to stop and slow the spread of the contagious disease COVID-19 were without legal basis.
Professional Consciousness as a Subjective Component of a Personal Professional Development
Authors: Avramchenko Svitlana M. , Ievtushenko Iryna V. , Kaliuzhna Yevheniia M. , Levchenko Viktoriia V. , Nezhynska Olena O.
Published: October 2021

The study discusses the professional development of the individual, which is a multi-faceted process. The relevance of this work is defined by development trends that radically change the essence of professions on the labour market and require an understanding of the role of career guidance and professional self-determination as a single process throughout the entire working life of an individual. The study aims to investigate professional consciousness as a subjective component of professionalism and consider the algorithm for the development of professional self-consciousness in society. The study covers the main stages of professional development of the individual as a single process. The analysis of documents (monographs, websites, statistics, academic papers, and textbooks) was the objective method for the study. The study researched and systematised the leading approaches to discovering personal potential based on the collected material and identified all types of professional competence using the analysis method. As a result, the definition of factors of professionalism creates mental models of professional activity and the professional self-consciousness of the individual. The practical value of the study discussed and analysed the stages of development and establishment of a professional individual is implementing the results in the educational process and using the provided recommendations for creating a personal programme for mastering the course on the psychology of personality and professional development.
Inclusive Education as a Condition for Innovative Activities at Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Bahno Yuliia M. , Serhiichuk Olena M. , Tanana Svitlana M. , Tkachenko Larysa V. , Khmelnytska Olena S.
Published: October 2021

This study discusses the activities of higher education institutions in the context of inclusive education as an innovative approach. The introduction of inclusive education in the modern higher education system is highly important. The existing specialised education system is undergoing changes resulting in new requirements for work with people with special educational needs in various areas. The purpose of this study is to consider the mechanism of implementation of inclusive education in the activities of higher education institutions, which ensures accessibility and requires high-quality education, in particular, taking into account the educational needs of every individual. The problems of the educational process faced by the students are analysed in detail. This study justifies the necessity of introducing inclusive education in modern educational systems, describes positive experiences of some higher education establishments, provides a step-by-step analysis of the introduction of inclusive education in higher education institutions in Ukraine and defines promising areas for its implementation. This study's theoretical and methodological basis included the works of the world’s leading scientists and a regulatory framework for inclusive education. The article presents students’ attitudes to the implementation of inclusive education. To achieve these objectives, the analysis of the latest research on the implementation of the right to education of persons with special educational needs was carried out. The study results showed a positive attitude towards inclusive education and joint education of people with special educational needs. The study found that inclusive education requires more time and effort to organise the educational process. The introduction of inclusive education elements can increase the efficiency of this process. The effective use of the methods to implement inclusive education in higher education institutions contributes to achieving its goals and results. The introduction of inclusive education provides an effective operational analysis of training quality for students with special educational needs and educational process adjustments, which ultimately creates a management system.
Dynamics of the Professional Endurance Indicators in Officers of the Operational Level in a Higher Military Educational Institution During Training
Authors: Oleniev Dmytro G. , Petrachkov Oleksandr V. , Verbyn Nazarii B. , Shemchuk Vadym A. , Tiazhyna Anzhela M.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of an experimental study on the development of professional endurance and psycho-emotional stability in the future officers of operational level during training in a higher military educational institution. The educational research was conducted in three stages, in the National Defence University of Ukraine, named after Ivan Cherniakhovskyi. The current level of professional endurance in this category of officers gave grounds to assume that with traditional approaches to the organisation of the educational process, it is quite difficult to achieve a high level of development of this property. Therefore, there is a need to find and substantiate the pedagogical conditions for developing professional endurance in officers and improving their mental health. To confirm the effectiveness of the implementation of the conditions defined by the authors at the beginning and end of the experiment, a comparison of the obtained data of the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) was carried out according to the authors’ criteria and indicators. The results of the study on the implementation and substantiation of pedagogical conditions for the development of professional endurance in officers confirmed that the proposed measures contributed to the effective development of this quality. Statistical methods ensure that the officers from the EG had statistically significant changes in professional endurance as a result of the experiment. Comparison of the development of professional endurance in the EG at the beginning and end of the experiment using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test confirmed the effectiveness of implementing appropriate pedagogical conditions for the development of professional endurance and psycho-emotional stability.
Enfermagem forense: atuação do enfermeiro à mulher vítima de violência sexual
Authors: Barros Lara Vitória Nascimento , Barros Layanny Nascimento , Alves Larissa Luz
Published: October 2021

A ciência forense inclui um conjunto de área de disciplina cientificas que atua em sintonia, unindo seus conhecimentos, visando auxiliar a justiça na resolução de casos de domínio médico-legal. Segundo o Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos no ano de 2021, 64,75% de abuso sexual acomete o sexo feminino, na maioria das vezes, sendo exercidas por pessoas conhecidas. As mulheres vítimas de violência sexual causam uma certa repercussão, que se não forem identificadas e tratadas precocemente, pode causar sérios problemas e até mesmo levar a morte. O enfermeiro pode realizar um atendimento humanizado e integral para seus pacientes, identificando, coletando e preservando vestígios indicativo de violência, assim contribuindo para punição do agressor. Analisar e conhecer o desenvolvimento da área forense, dando a importância de informações sobre a atuação do enfermeiro forense e suas atribuições em casos de violências sexuais. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, com análise qualitativa, com a intenção de avaliar conhecimento sobre a temática. A coleta de dados ocorrera entre agosto, setembro e outubro de 2021, sendo a mesma realizadas no sistema eletrônico, por meios de consulta em artigos científicos, SCIELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), e LILAC (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências em Saúde), google acadêmico. A contribuição da atuação do enfermeiro forense no contexto social, jurídico e de saúde trará benefícios na assistência prestada, com intuito de promover e combater a violência sexual no país. Desse modo, atender a relevância da sua intervenção no cuidado às vítimas, sendo fundamental que os enfermeiros tenham conhecimentos sobre os princípios das ciências forenses, podendo aplicá-los na sua pratica clínica. Concluímos então que existe uma necessidade de realizar uma qualificação aos profissionais de saúde sobre este assunto, é importante abordar, não só o tema do enquadramento legal dos crimes sexuais, mais também os tipos de sinais, marcas e objetos que podem ser utilizados como vestígios, de modo a identificar, recolher e preservar o mesmo, para a descoberta de possíveis vítimas.
A History of Contested Narratives: The National Film Board of Canada’s Evolving Cinematic Treatment (1945–2018) of the Internment of Japanese Canadians during World War Two
Authors: Melnyk George
Published: October 2021

The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) is world-renown for its documen- taries and animations. This article examines how the NFB dealt with one specific topic – the internment of Japanese Canadians during World War Two. By analyzing the films produced by the NFB between 1945 and 2018, this study seeks to understand how and why its narratives of the internment changed dramatically over three-quarters of a century. The study deals with six NFB films: Of Japanese Descent (1945), Enemy Alien (1975), Minoru: Memory of Exile (1992), Freedom Has a Price (1994), Sleeping Tigers: The Asahi Baseball Story (2003), and East of the Rockies (2018). Drawing on the postcolonial concepts of the colonizing gaze and hegemony, as well as poststructuralist concepts of the trace and discourses of power, it probes the evolution of the NFB’s cinematic culture and concludes that the NFB’s film legacy parallels a changing public discourse in Canada on this traumatic historical violation of human rights.
Offshore Detention in Australia: Behrouz Boochani’s No Friend but the Mountains: Writing from Manus Prison (2018)
Authors: Wilson Janet
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on the “Pacific Solution,” the Australian national policy of controlling illegal migration by detaining refugees in Immigrant Detention Centres in offshore Pacific islands of Manus and Nauru, and the human rights issues it raises. It refers to Behrouz Boochani’s prize-winning refugee memoir, No Friend but the Moun- tains: Writing from Manus Prison (2018) as both a prison narrative of resilience and a politically resistant text, and it discusses Boochani’s representation of Manus Detention camp as “The Kyriarchal System” in terms of Foucault’s “monstrous heterotopia.” The ar- ticle emphasises the issues of accountability and responsibility in the bilateral governance arrangements of the Manus Detention Centre between Australia and Papua New Guinea, and considers the possibility of more humane detention practices in the future.
Pedagogické přístupy a didaktické postupy zaměřené na volnočasovou kompetenci
Authors:   Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Teologická fakulta, Kněžská 8, 370 01 České Budějovice, Česká republika, Dudová Anna , Macků Richard ,   Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Teologická fakulta, Kněžská 8, 370 01 České Budějovice, Česká republika
Published: October 2021

The article offers an overview of the pedagogical approaches and didactic procedures used for leisure education in school facilities (after-school club, school clubs, children's and youth homes) and evaluates them in terms of the development of leisure education, whose general goal is leisure literacy. In the introductory part, the authors explain the basic concepts. The first (most extensive) chapter is focused on education (extra-curricular education, education outside teaching). Information on various methods, mostly traditional, is followed by a section devoted to methods based on constructivist pedagogy. The first chapter concludes with a section devoted to the methods used in so-called open youth work (Offene Jugendarbeit, Open Youth Work). The second chapter is devoted to the concept of leisure competence, and the third chapter contains an evaluation of educational methods in terms of their suitability for education focused on leisure literacy.
Arch Height Index, Arch Rigidity Index and Arch Stiffness Values in a Symptomatic Population
Authors: Balsdon Megan , Khan Michaela E , Richards Dillon , Dombroski Colin E
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Normative studies on the Arch Height Index (AHI), Arch Rigidity Index (ARI), and arch stiffness have primarily focused on healthy populations, with little consideration of pathology. The purpose of this study was to create a normative sample of the aforementioned measurements in a pathological sample and to identify relationships between arch structure measurements and pathology. METHODS: AHI was obtained bilaterally at 10% and 90% weightbearing conditions using the Arch Height Index Measurement System (AHIMS). ARI and arch stiffness were calculated using AHI measurements. Dependent t-tests compared right and left, dominant and non-dominant, and injured and non-injured limbs. Measurements of the dominant foot were compared between sexes using independent t-tests. Relationships between arch stiffness and age, sex, and AHI were examined using the coefficient of determination (R2). One-way ANOVAs were used to determine differences between arch structure measurements and number of pathologies or BMI. RESULTS: A total of 110 participants reported either one (n=55), two (n=38), or three or more (n=17) pathologies. Plantar fasciitis (n=31) and hallux valgus (n=28) were the most commonly reported primary concerns. AHI, ARI, and arch stiffness did not differ between limbs for any comparisons, nor between sexes. Between subgroups of BMI and number of pathologies, no differences exist in AHI or ARI; however, BMI was found to have an impact on AHI (10%WB) and arch stiffness (p<.05). Arch stiffness showed a weak relationship to AHI, where a higher AHI was associated with a stiffer arch (R2=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Normative AHI, ARI and arch stiffness values were established in a pathological sample with a large incidence of plantar fasciitis and hallux valgus. Findings suggest relationships between arch stiffness and both BMI and arch height; however, few trends were noted in AHI and ARI. Determining relationships between arch structure and pathology is helpful for both clinicians and researchers.
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), a key checkpoint in reprogramming of regulatory T cells metabolism and function
Authors: Daneshmandi Saeed , Cassel Teresa , Higashi Richard M , Fan Teresa W-M , Seth Pankaj
Published: October 2021

Cellular metabolism has key roles in T cells differentiation and function. CD4+ T helper-1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 subsets are highly glycolytic while regulatory T cells (Tregs) use glucose during expansion but rely on fatty acid oxidation for function. Upon uptake, glucose can enter pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) or be used in glycolysis. Here, we showed that blocking 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in the oxidative PPP resulted in substantial reduction of Tregs suppressive function and shifts toward Th1, Th2, and Th17 phenotypes which led to the development of fetal inflammatory disorder in mice model. These in turn improved anti-tumor responses and worsened the outcomes of colitis model. Metabolically, 6PGD blocked Tregs showed improved glycolysis and enhanced non-oxidative PPP to support nucleotide biosynthesis. These results uncover critical role of 6PGD in modulating Tregs plasticity and function, which qualifies it as a novel metabolic checkpoint for immunotherapy applications.
If I Die I Lose Everything: Understanding Poverty from the Perspective of Ankaful Residents in Ghana
Authors: Obeng Alex Somuah , Yin Elijah Tukwariba
Published: October 2021

Poverty is a condition in which people and communities lack the resources and basic elements necessary for a minimum standard of living. Poverty means that the level of income from employment is too low to meet basic human needs. Poor individuals or families are likely not to have sufficient housing, clean water, healthy diet, and health care. This paper examines the concept of poverty from the perspective of local actors. The study made use of a qualitative approach to data gathering and analysis. The data discussion revealed that participants interpreted poverty to mean lack of money to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, clothing, transportation, etc. It was also understood as one’s inability to meet desired goals. Among other interpretations, death was seen as the highest form of poverty. Lack of formal education and employment opportunities, the unwillingness of some local actors to work, the disadvantaged position of women, and early childbirth were seen as the main causes of poverty. In dealing with poverty, participants suggested the creation of employment opportunities by the government of Ghana and other private agencies. Acquiring formal education and practicing good financial management were also seen as key to alleviating poverty. The study concludes that poverty is collective among the indigenes, hence has huge social connotations, covertly and overtly.
Colostomies: A Brief Review
Authors: Santos Marques Dilce dos , Andrade Bruna Rodrigues , De Oliveira Dhelfeson Wyllia Douglas , Verli Flaviana Dornela , Marinho Sandra Aparecida
Published: October 2021

Aims: To carry out a brief review of the literature on the theme of ostomy, focusing on colostomies.

Study Design: A review study.

Methodology: The papers, in English, Portuguese and Spanish were collected in Scielo database in January 2021. After reading the abstracts, a selection of papers related to the theme was made. Full-text papers that were not available were excluded.

Results: Twenty papers and three books were used. It was observed that ostomized patients show changes in their routines and they also presents body changes, due to the stoma attached to the abdomen. Other problems of these patients were: discomfort with physical appearance, lack of control over noise caused by bowel movements and gases elimination, the possibility of leakage of fecal content, as well as rejection and shame of the new image. Colostomized patients need special care, such as psychological and family supports, to improve their self-esteem, as well as an orientation to colostomy devices use and their periodical hygiene, which should be provided by the multidisciplinary health team. In addition, the team must encourage the patients to avoid social isolation, in order to improve their self-esteem and quality of life.

Conclusion: The use of the stoma leads the ostomized patient to a social isolation, alterations in sexual life and changes in lifestyle, which causes worse quality of life for these patients.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique among the Patient with Anxiety Disorders in the Selected Mental Health Centers
Authors: Bharathi A. R.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, major impact of researchers’ toevaluate the intensity of anxiety between Anxiety Disorder with the Patient, and theirefficacy of enlightened muscle relaxation and disorder of anxiety to the patients, intensity of anxiety amongst mental health center describe the anxiety disorder patients with correlated with the social cum geographical values. Hypothesis,  nominated socio demographic variables around the difference between posttest level and pretestanxiety of disorder patients. Nearby is an important association among intensity of unease. In tangible background: Inaccurate Roy’s variation classical was cast-off for this study. Methodology: A Pre-experimental and progressive muscle and decreasetherapy by used as a posttest. 40 anxiety ailment patients were confident by successive sampling process.Hypothesis formulated between. Pre and posttest was shown progressive muscle relaxation on forty minutes trainingto the anxiety patients on 5 consecutive days. In our results suggested anxiety patients output of reduced levels of anxiety disorder on the 6th day of posttest. To evaluate the Reformist muscle slackening is non-invasive, cost effective, non – pharmacological complementary therapy to between disorder patients with anxiety and diminish anxiety. Also posttest levels varied with age, academic qualification, anxiety, social value and alcoholic addiction and its duration.
Correlation of the Protein Expression of Salivary Cortisol, Serum Vitamin B12 and Interleukin 1 Beta in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Viswasini R. Deepa , Ramani Pratibha , Selvaraj J.
Published: October 2021

This study will help in determining which molecules participate in the ulceration with an integrated approach combining external and internal factors. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common condition affecting the oral mucosa. Clinically it is manifested through recurrent painful lesions. A total of 28 subjects were recruited for this systematic case-controlled study (14 Control and 14). Whole unstimulated saliva was used for measuring Cortisol and IL-1 b levels. Patients with RAS lesions exhibited an elevated salivary cortisol level as against their healthy counterparts. The mean value for salivary cortisol among RAS patients was determined to be 16.2 nM/dL as against the control group which had a mean salivary cortisol of 12 nM/dL. Overall, this study helps provide insights into the correlation of the different biomarkers and RAS patients which can eventually lead to better therapeutic options and prevent recurrence in patients.
O abuso sexual infantil e a cultura do silêncio: machismo, racismo e adultocentrismo em questão
Authors: Neto Wilmar Ferreira Neves , Rezende Marília Gabriela Costa , Carvalho Cíntia de Sousa
Published: October 2021

A ideia de proteção à infância, sobretudo quanto às violências sexuais, é uma construção social recente e o enfrentamento desse fenômeno é um desafio na contemporaneidade. Por outro lado, ainda existe uma resistência em compreender crianças como sujeitos de direitos e, por isso, há uma má interpretação dos seus respectivos direitos sexuais. Percebemos assim que, visando garantir a proteção, muitos dos direitos de crianças são violados. Buscamos então, com essa revisão bibliográfica, aprofundar o conceito de abuso sexual infantil numa perspectiva de gênero, além de enfatizar as implicações dos atravessamentos de uma cultura machista, racista e adultocêntrica na relação abusiva, bem como no seu silenciamento.
Onticídio: Afropessimismo, Teoria Queer e Ética
Authors: Warren Calvin
Published: October 2021

Neste texto Calvin Warren aponta os limites do Afropessimismo e da Teoria Queer ao se aproximarem do/a Queer Preto/a. Nomeando de Onticídio o cruzamento entre a posição de não-ontologia da Pretitude e a experiência de não-liberdade da Experiência Queer, o autor discute im/possibilidades éticas baseadas em aparatos da justiça humanista/humana.
Analysis of Geotechnical Characteristics of Coastal Clay Soil Found in Incheon and Gwangyang
Authors: Lee Sungyeol , Baek Wonjin , Ko Hwabin , Kim Daeho , Lim Gilsang , Lim Joungjae
Published: October 2021

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of projects involving the planning and construction of business complex facilities and land development in coastal regions. However, coastal regions are characterized by very soft clay soil. Consequently, such clay soil needs to be augmented for facilitating land procurement. Furthermore, to realize land improvement, the associated geotechnical characteristics need to be analyzed through laboratory tests by acquiring pristine samples of cohesive soil. According to the results obtained from previous studies, the characteristics of the cohesive soil found in Korea can vary depending on the region and depositional environment. The objective of this study is to examine the representative physical and mechanical characteristics of marine clay found in Namhae coast (Gwangyang) and Seohae coast (Incheon) by comparing and analyzing these characteristics. To this end, land examinations were conducted during planning and construction, and data were gathered from 445 sites in Incheon and 844 sites in Gwangyang for comparing the associated physical and mechanical characteristics. Subsequently, by conducting regression analysis, equations of correlation between liquid limit and natural water content, effective surface load and pre-consolidation load, compression index and liquid limit, and compression index and natural water content were deduced. The obtained results indicate that compared to the soil found in Incheon, the clay fraction, natural water content, liquid limit, plasticity index, liquidity index, initial void ratio, and compression index of the soil found in Gwangyang are higher.
Examination of Awareness about Traffic Rules by Drivers in a School Zone
Authors: Park Ki-Jun , Song Ki-Wook
Published: October 2021

Recently, public interest in accidents involving children has been increasing owing to a decrease in birth rate in Korea. Specifically, interest in traffic safety in school zones has been increasing because of the revision of the Minsik Act. However, there is a lack of studies and evidence on the effect of the actual designation of a school zone on traffic accidents involving children and awareness of drivers. In this study, we examined the psychological effect of increasing awareness about traffic regulations on drivers within a school zone via an awareness survey of a school zone for drivers in Changwon. Additionally, based on this survey, the characteristics that affect a driver's sense of compliance with respect to traffic rules in a school zone were analyzed. Finally, a method was presented for enhancing traffic safety for children in a school zone.
Assessment of Heatwave Vulnerability in Korea Considering Socio-economic Indices
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Kim Ji Eun , Jang Cho-Rok , Jang Moon-Yup
Published: October 2021

The rising heatwave occurrences in recent times due to climate change have resulted in increased mortalities and socio-economic damage. Consequently, several studies have been conducted to examine heatwave vulnerability in Korea. However, most of these studies used the IPCC vulnerability framework and weighting techniques, such as the equal weight and AHP methods, which lacked objectivity in the process of calculating vulnerability. This study employed socio-economic data to measure the heatwave vulnerability index for individual local governments in Korea using the principal component analysis and entropy weighting methods. These techniques ensure that the aggregation of proxies and the weighting process remain objective, unlike previous studies. According to the obtained results, rural areas such as Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do, and relatively decrepit urban areas demonstrated high vulnerability scores. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the calculated vulnerability index and mortalities from the recent heatwaves. The heatwave vulnerability index developed in this study can therefore be used to form effective heatwave response policies suited to the conditions of each local government.
Pallavas
Authors: Francis Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

The Pallavas (r. ca. 300–900) were one of the major dynasties of South India in the first millennium
ce
. They were responsible for the earliest durable monuments in the Tamil‐speaking South India, notably at their capital city Kāñcīpuram and at Māmallapuram (Mahābalipuram). They were patrons of Brahmanism and Hinduism and were rivals of the Cāḷukyas and Rāṣṭrakūṭas. They played an important role in the spread of northern Brahmanical Sanskritic culture in South India, but also fostered Tamil literature. The dynasty came to an end due to the rise of the Cōḻas of Tanjore.
Ethnoarchaeology
Authors: Lyons Diane
Published: October 2021

Ethnoarchaeology is ethnographic research conducted by archaeologists to understand how people in different social, environmental, historical, and ontological contexts materially constitute societal practices and relationships. These relationships can be with people, other living organisms, environmental materials and conditions, and culturally invisible entities. Ethnoarchaeological study enriches the understanding of the variability of material practice within and across contemporary societies and can provide information useful in developing archaeological inference.
Ancient DNA
Authors: Sawchuk Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2021

As the continent where humans evolved and thus exhibit the greatest genetic diversity, Africa is one of the most attractive places to conduct ancient DNA (aDNA) research. Yet the “aDNA revolution” only recently reached the continent, thanks in part to methodological breakthroughs that make it possible to extract aDNA from poorly preserved materials from hot and/or humid climates. Since the first fully sequenced ancient African human genome was published in 2015, dozens of additional genomes from the continent have illuminated population movements, economic and social transitions, patterns of adaptation, and the timing of our species' evolution. However, sequenced individuals come from archaeological contexts widely separated in space and time and represent only a tiny fraction of ancient human genetic diversity. Many questions and entire regions/time periods have yet to be explored using aDNA. This is also the case for non‐human African aDNA studies, which have been slower to develop in part because of poor preservation. This entry describes the science of aDNA, discusses how the field has revolutionized in the past decade, and explores the history of aDNA research in Africa starting with mummy studies in the 1980s. It concludes with a discussion of the ethical challenges facing African aDNA research, some of which are specific to the continent while others apply to postcolonial contexts more broadly. While there is major work ahead to ensure aDNA studies in Africa and beyond are conducted ethically and equitably, the field is poised to shift knowledge on the African past in the coming years.
Climate Proxies
Authors: Patalano Robert , Roberts Patrick
Published: October 2021

Adapting to climatic and environmental change is a defining human characteristic, as is our species' global impact on land and life. Although today we can monitor climatic change and our influence on global ecologies, it has been more challenging to document the impact changing climates and environments had on prehistoric and historic human societies and vice versa. Because we often do not have direct measurements for studying the composition and dynamics of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, or biosphere in the past, we rely on indirect proxies to reconstruct climatological and environmental conditions of relevance to human populations and experiences. Both “off‐site” (those from ocean and lake cores, glacial ice, or speleothems) and “on‐site” (those collected directly at archaeological sites) proxies are now used to reconstruct the ecological settings in which societies developed, flourished, and struggled. Climate proxies can inform on such parameters as changing air temperatures, precipitation amounts, concentration of atmospheric gases, vegetation communities, or the seasonal intensity of monsoons. When coupled with archaeological data, climate proxies can be used to explore human–environment interactions across the African and Asian continents.
Wang Chong
Authors: Song Yunwoo
Published: October 2021

Wang Chong (27–ca. 100
ce
) was a critical thinker of the Later Han dynasty, best known for his book
Lunheng
. He became well known about a century after his death, when the
Lunheng
started circulating more broadly. He is famous for criticizing various intellectual conventions of his time. Notably, he did not partake in the cult of Confucius and maintained that not even a sage like Confucius is infallible. His chapter “Questioning Confucius,” together with another chapter criticizing Mencius, was a critical factor in his exclusion from the mainstream Confucian tradition.

Another argument of Wang Chong's that became a frequent target of criticism by later Neo‐Confucian scholars was that there are three grades of human nature. With the rise of Neo‐Confucianism, this theory became a classic example of the failed understanding of the universal moral principle. To Wang Chong, however, that everyone's moral tendency differed was as plain as the fact that everyone was born with different amounts of talents, wealth, longevity, and even luck. He thought that all these things were irreversibly determined when one received
qi
from one's parents.

Wang Chong is also famous for his arguments against the Five Phases, which was already an indispensable part of Chinese cosmology in his time. In Wang Chong's view, however, the Five Phases never explained anything convincingly, and this position is behind many of his reproofs against popular practices of his time, which claimed to disclose hidden relationships among things that appear unrelated. Wang rejected all such practices as groundless.