bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior Instrumented Spinal Surgery Outcomes in the Elderly: A Comparison of the 5-Item and 11-Item Modified Frailty Indices
Authors: Kweh Barry T. S. , Lee Hui Qing , Tan Terence , Liew Susan , Hunn Martin , Wee Tee Jin
Published: August 2022

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort

Objectives

To validate the most concise risk stratification system to date, the 5-item modified frailty index (mFI-5), and compare its effectiveness with the established 11-item modified frailty index (mFI-11) in the elderly population undergoing posterior instrumented spine surgery.

Methods

A single centre retrospective review of posterior instrumented spine surgeries in patients aged 65 years and older was conducted. The primary outcome was rate of post-operative major complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification ≥ 4). Secondary outcome measures included rate of all complications, 6-month mortality and surgical site infection. Multi-variate analysis was performed and adjusted receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and compared by DeLong’s test. The indices were correlated with Spearman’s rho.

Results

272 cases were identified. The risk of major complications was independently associated with both the mFI-5 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.01-3.55, P = .047) and mFI-11 (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.90-7.30, P = .000). Both the mFI-5 and mFI-11 were statistically significant predictors of risk of all complications ( P = .007 and P = .003), surgical site infection ( P = .011 and P = .003) and 6-month mortality ( P = .031 and P = .000). Adjusted ROC curves determined statistically similar c-statistics for major complications (.68 vs .68, P = .64), all complications (.66 vs .64, P = .10), surgical site infection (.75 vs .75, P = .76) and 6-month mortality (.83 vs .81, P = .21). The 2 indices correlated very well with a Spearman’s rho of .944.

Conclusions

The mFI-5 and mFI-11 are equally effective predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality in this population. The brevity of the mFI-5 is advantageous in facilitating its daily clinical use.
Expression of T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Nakazawa Tadao , Nagasaka Takuya , Yoshida Keita , Hasegawa Atsuko , Guo Feng , Wu Di , Hiroshima Kenzo , Katoh Ryohei
Published: August 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint proteins have not been fully examined in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive carcinomas. Even multimodal treatment does not result in favorable clinical outcomes for patients with ATC. Anti-tumor immunity has therefore been highlighted as having therapeutic promise for ATC.

Methods

We examined a novel immune checkpoint receptor, T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT), in variable thyroid lesions: adenomatous goiter, follicular adenoma, and thyroid carcinoma (TC) using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results

Our IHC results showed that TIGIT expression was detected in cancer cells of MTC and high-grade TC: poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and ATC. Neoplastic cells were positive for TIGIT in four of five MTCs (80.0%), 17 of 31 ATCs (54.8%) and in 3 of 12 PDTCs (25.0%). TIGIT was not detected in any adenomatous goiters, thyroid benign tumors, or differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTCs). Intriguingly, ATC cells showing pleomorphic/giant cell features were positive for TIGIT, while ATC cells with other cell morphologies lacked the immunoreactivity. Intra-tumoral immune cell was inclined to be enriched in TIGI-positive ATC. Although coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) components demonstrated high-grade microscopic features, neither the PTC nor follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) components expressed TIGT in any composite ATCs.

Conclusion

TIGIT was immunohistochemically found in MTC with high frequency and partially in high-grade TC. TIGIT expression in cancer cells may be beneficial for a potential utility in MTC and a subset of high-grade TC, especially ATC therapy.
Calling situated: a survey among medical students supplemented by a qualitative study and a comparison with a surveyed sample of physicians
Authors: Bonvin S. , Stiefel F. , Gholam M. , Bourquin C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Calling within the medical context receives growing academic attention and empirical research has started to demonstrate its beneficial effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate what motivates students to enter medical school and what role calling may play (i), to evaluate if calling influences the way in which they experience their studies (ii), and to compare medical students’ experience of calling with those of physicians.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was distributed among medical students (N = 1048; response rate above 60%) of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. It was supplemented by a group discussion between bachelor medical students (N = 8) and senior physicians (N = 4), focusing on different facets of calling. An existing data set of a survey among physicians, addressing calling with the same questionnaire, was used to compare students’ and physicians’ attitudes towards calling. Survey data were analyzed with the habitual statistical procedures for categorical and continuous variables. The group discussion was analyzed with thematic analysis.

Results

The survey showed that experiencing calling is a motivational factor for study choice and influences positively choice consistency. Students experiencing calling differed from those who did not: they attributed different definitions to calling, indicated more often prosocial motivational factors for entering medical school and perceived the learning context as less burdensome. The analysis of the group discussion revealed that the concept of calling has a fluid definition. It was conceived as having the characteristics of a double-edged sword and as originating from within or outside or from a dialectic interplay between the inner and outer world. Finally, calling is experienced less often by physicians than by medical students, with a decreasing prevalence as the immersion in the clinical years of the study of medicine progresses.

Conclusions

Calling plays an important role in study choice and consistency of medical students. Given its relevance for medical students and its ramifications with the learning context, calling should become a topic of the reflexive parts of the medical curriculum. We critically discuss the role played by calling for medical students and provide some perspectives on how calling could be integrated in the reflection and teaching on physicianhood.
Virtual Interviews Improve Equity and Wellbeing: Results of a Survey of Applicants to Obstetrics and Gynecology Subspecialty Fellowships
Authors: Do Tran Ann , Heisler Christine A. , Botros-Brey Sylvia , Wang Hanzhang , Gaigbe-Togbe Bertille , Leegant Ava , Hardart Anne
Published: August 2022

Background

Nationwide restrictions and recommendations from the Association of American Medical Colleges mandated program directors to conduct all graduate medical education interviews virtually in the Spring of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to assess the impact of virtual interviews on a candidates’ ability to effectively create a rank list.

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate Obstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) subspecialty fellowship applicants’ perspectives regarding the effectiveness of virtual interviews for creating a rank list. Secondary outcomes included perceived advantages and disadvantages of the process and costs of the process.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional IRB-exempt study, using an electronic survey administered to a convenience sample of applicants to ObGyn subspecialty fellowship programs. The survey was administered via RedCap between the rank list submission deadline and the Match. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results

Response rate was 158/330 (48%). Overall, 129/158 (82%) percent of respondents felt confident in making their rank list based on the virtual interviews, and 146/158 (92%) were “very satisfied” or “somewhat satisfied” with the process. Of those who expressed an interview style preference, 65/149(44%) of respondents preferred virtual interviews; 49/149(33%) had no preference or were not sure. Nearly all 146/148(99%) applicants cited cost-savings as a distinct advantage of virtual interviews.

Conclusion

Applicants to ObGyn subspecialty fellowships felt comfortable to create a rank list based on the virtual interview. This study indicates that the virtual format is effective, less stressful and less costly for ObGyn subspecialty interviews and should be considered beyond the pandemic to remove barriers and burdens for applicants.
Dynamics between insight and medication adherence in first-episode psychosis: Study of 3-year trajectories
Authors: Elowe Julien , Ramain Julie , Solida Alessandra , Conus Philippe , Golay Philippe
Published: August 2022

Background

While specialized early intervention programs represent the gold standard in terms of optimal management of first-episode psychosis (FEP), poor medication adherence remains a predominant unmet need in the treatment of psychosis. In this regard, an interaction between insight and adherence in FEP patients has been hypothesized but has been challenged by multiple pitfalls.

Methods

Latent profile analysis and trajectory modeling techniques were used to evaluate insight and adherence of 331 FEP patients engaged at the beginning, middle, and end of a 3-year specialized early psychosis program. A Bayesian model comparison approach was used to compare scores of clinical, functional, and socioeconomic outcomes at the end point of the study.

Results

Nearly one-third of the patients maintain a high level of insight and adherence during the entire program. At the end of the 3-year follow-up, more than three-quarters of patients are considered adherent to their medication. Patients with low levels of insight and adherence at the beginning of the program improve first in terms of adherence and then of insight. Furthermore, patients with high levels of insight and adherence are most likely to reach functional recovery and to experience an increase in environmental quality of life.

Conclusions

Latent FEP subpopulations can be identified based on insight and adherence. Medication adherence was the first variable to improve, but a gain in insight possibly plays a role in the reinforcement of adherence.
Beam steered graphene-based Yagi–Uda array antenna with a transverse magnetic to hybrid mode conversion approach
Authors: Yadav Rajesh , Pandey V. S. , Kumar Sandeep , Gotra Shailza
Published: August 2022

This work presents the existence of the mode conversion technique in a graphene-based Yagi–Uda array antenna. It comprises four arrays whose strands are placed on a silicon dioxide substrate, and are eventually connected with the graphene ring. All four driven elements of the Yagi–Uda array antenna are excited through the

50

Ω

silver nanostrip feedline. The proposed antenna offers mode conversion due to variation of the chemical potential of graphene. It controls conversion of the

T
M

32

δ

to

H
E
M

21

δ

mode of the antenna. This is attributed to the change in the biasing voltage of graphene. This in turn shifts the radiation pattern from the end-fire to the broadside direction, which effectively confirms the beam reconfigurability. This antenna provides a high directivity of 12.21 dBi at 4.55 THz center frequency. The proposed antenna is designed and analyzed by using CST Microwave Studio, which is based on the finite difference time domain scheme. The beam steered graphene-based antenna has been utilized for several terahertz communication systems.
Synergy of electromagnetic effects and thermophysical properties of metals in the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures
Authors: Tsibidis George D. , Lingos Panagiotis , Stratakis Emmanuel
Published: August 2022

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed lasers have been widely used over the past few decades for precise materials structuring at the micro- and nano-scales. However, in order to realize efficient material processing and account for the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), it is very important to understand the fundamental laser–matter interaction processes. A significant contribution to the LIPSS profile appears to originate from the electromagnetic fingerprint of the laser source. In this work, we follow a systematic approach to predict the pulse-by-pulse formation of LIPSS on metals due to the development of a spatially periodic energy deposition that results from the interference of electromagnetic far fields on a non-flat surface profile. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the induced electromagnetic effects alone are not sufficient to allow the formation of LIPSS, therefore we emphasize the crucial role of electron diffusion and electron–phonon coupling on the formation of stable periodic structures. Gold (Au) and stainless steel (SS) are considered as two materials to test the theoretical model while simulation results appear to confirm the experimental results that, unlike with Au, fabrication of pronounced LIPSS on SS is feasible.
Usability and feasibility of a cognitive-behavioral mobile app for ADHD in adults
Authors: Knouse Laura E. , Hu Xiaodi , Sachs George , Isaacs Sebastian
Published: August 2022

Objective

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has growing evidence of efficacy for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. Mobile health apps are promising tools for delivering scalable CBT. In a 7-week open study of Inflow, a CBT-based mobile app, we assessed usability and feasibility to prepare for a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Method

240 adults recruited online completed baseline and usability assessments at 2 (n = 114), 4 (n = 97) and after 7 weeks (n = 95) of Inflow use. 93 participants self-reported ADHD symptoms and impairment at baseline and 7 weeks.

Results

Participants rated Inflow’s usability favorably, used the app a median of 3.86 times per week, and a majority of those using the app for 7 weeks self-reported decreases in ADHD symptoms and impairment.

Conclusion

Inflow demonstrated usability and feasibility among users. An RCT will determine whether Inflow is associated with improvement among more rigorously assessed users and beyond non-specific factors.
No increase in use of hospitals for childbirth in Tanzania over 25 years: Accumulation of inequity among poor, rural, high parity women
Authors: Straneo Manuela , Beňová Lenka , van den Akker Thomas , Pembe Andrea B. , Smekens Tom , Hanson Claudia
Published: August 2022

Improving childbirth care in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa is essential to attain the commitment expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals to leave no one behind. In Tanzania, the period between 1991 and 2016 was characterized by health system expansion prioritizing primary health care and a rise in rural facility births from 45% to 54%. Facilities however are not all the same, with advanced management of childbirth complications generally only available in hospitals and routine childbirth care in primary facilities. We hypothesized that inequity in the use of hospital-based childbirth may have increased over this period, and that it may have particularly affected high parity (≥5) women. We analysed records of 16,080 women from five Tanzanian Demographic and Health Surveys (1996, 1999, 2004, 2010, 2015/6), using location of the most recent birth as outcome (home, primary health care facility or hospital), wealth and parity as exposure variables and demographic and obstetric characteristics as potential confounders. A multinomial logistic regression model with wealth/parity interaction was run and post-estimation margins analysis produced percentages of births for various combinations of wealth and parity for each survey. We found no reduction in inequity in this 25-year period. Among poorest women, lowest use of hospital-based childbirth (around 10%) was at high parity, with no change over time. In women having their first baby, hospital use increased over time but with a widening pro-rich gap (poorest women predicted use increased from 36 to 52% and richest from 40 to 59%). We found that poor rural women of high parity were a vulnerable group requiring specifically targeted interventions to ensure they receive effective childbirth care. To leave no one behind, it is essential to look beyond the average coverage of facility births, as such a limited focus masks different patterns and time trends among marginalised groups.
Inverse source problem for an equation of mixed parabolic-hyperbolic type with the time fractional derivative in a cylindrical domain
Authors: Durdiev Durdimurod Kalandarovich
Published: August 2022

Исследуется обратная задача об источнике для уравнения
смешанного типа с дробным уравнением диффузии в параболической части и волновым уравнением
в гиперболической части цилиндрической области. Решение задачи получено в виде ряда Фурье-Бесселя
с использованием ортогонального множества функций Бесселя.
Доказаны теоремы единственности и существования решения.
Utilization of point-of-care ultrasound and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in the diagnosis and management of amniotic fluid embolism presenting as post-partum hemorrhage and cardiac arrest
Authors: Phillips Angela N. , Kirkland Lisa L. , Wagner William E. , Melamed Roman , Tierney David M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To describe the integration of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in the diagnosis and management of cardiac arrest secondary to amniotic fluid embolism (AFE).

Case presentation

A 29-year-old female presented for induction of labor at 39 weeks. Labor was complicated by hemorrhage and subsequent sinus tachycardia pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest. Intra-arrest POCUS demonstrated right ventricular dilation and hypokinesis adding to a presumed hemorrhagic arrest etiology. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was initiated at the bedside following the POCUS findings. ROTEM further clarified the etiology of hemorrhage as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and in combination with the POCUS findings led to a final diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism with DIC. The patient was maintained on VA-ECMO without heparin in the setting of DIC. She had a complicated hospital course but was discharged home with her healthy child and no residual physical or neurologic deficits.

Conclusions

In the absence of more specific testing modalities the utilization of rapidly available POCUS in conjunction with ROTEM can impact clinical decision making of cardiovascular resuscitation in patients during labor and delivery by narrowing the differential between pulmonary embolism and AFE.
Improve cardinality with two-dimensional unipolar (optical) orthogonal codes for multiple access interference
Authors: M. N. Harshavardhana , Tarannum Suraiya
Published: August 2022

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is one of the promising technologies to be implemented using all-optical networks. The OCDMA system performance is substantially determined by the particular encoding codes. Due to the different transmitter and receiver design considerations, selecting the right code family and code dimension is critical. In this research, 2D codes based on permutation vectors’ (PV) codes are presented to overcome the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) problem and system complexity. Consequently, the research work focused on two-dimensional unipolar codes to mitigate the probability error and cardinality of the optical CDMA system. A fast wavelength-hopping/time-spreading (FWHTS) is introduced as an encoding technique. The FWHTS is used for code construction design, and it achieves cardinality in upper bound theory without sacrificing good auto-and-cross correlation properties. Accordingly, hybrid codes with serial elimination interference receivers are presented to estimate the error probability of 2D optical codes. The proposed method is simulated using Python software. The performance metrics are flexibility, bit rate, minimum temporal length, computational complexity, cardinality and wavelength. The proposed method is compared with the existing 2D balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) technique and multidiagonal (MD) codes. The performance of the proposed method is approximately 4% higher than these existing methods. Subsequently, in the future work, a SAC-OCDMA code construction design shall be presented and the decoding techniques can be introduced, which can reduce the receiver noise and other phase intensity induced noise, respectively.
The roles of microalgae and bacteria in wastewater treatment
Authors: Tran Dinh Nguyen , Phuong Thu Le , Thanh Dat Ngo , Khanh Toan Nguyen , Le Anh Pham
Published: August 2022

Nature-based wastewater treatment employing microalgae and bacteria has gained serious attention due to its combination with valuable biomass production. In wastewater, microalgae serves as the primary source of dissolved oxygen (DO) production for bacterial organic matter degradation. In addition, microalgae can effectively remove nutrients, pathogens as well as various heavy metals. Bacteria, on the other hand, has been widely applied in biological wastewater treatment for stabilization of organic matter, nitrification, denitrification, and under some specific conditions, enhanced biological phosphorus removal. When cultured together, microalgae and bacteria can cooperate effectively for wastewater treatment as well as form big flocs which can be harvested easily via sedimentation. However, some natural antagonistic interactions between them should be expected. Various environmental and operational factors showed significant influences on microalgae and bacteria in wastewater. They can impact system performance individually or in combination with others. Therefore, those factors should be carefully monitored for improving performance of the system.
Análisis de la relación entre educación y tecnología
Authors: Herrera-Pérez Jhan Carlos , Ochoa-Londoño Efraín Darío
Published: August 2022

Introducción: Los procesos formativos han incorporado un sinnúmero de tecnologías facilitadoras del aprendizaje, logrando mayor eficiencia e innovación en la mediación didáctica pedagógica. Objetivo: El presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de las nuevas tecnologías en el campo educativo y su impacto en diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad, conllevando a que el individuo tenga un mejor desempeño en sus labores cotidianas. Metodología: Paradigma interpretativo con enfoque cualitativo, la técnica de análisis documental y como instrumento de recolección de información una ficha de registros de datos, se consultaron artículos, tesis actualizadas sobre educación y tecnología. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados muestran la necesidad de incorporar las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación-TIC a los procesos didácticos y fortalecer su apropiación en las escuelas. En lo relacionado con el impacto de la tecnología en la sociedad resalta que las personas tienen la percepción de que adquirir conocimientos y habilidades practicas sobre tecnología incrementará la productividad y repercutirá en una mejoría de la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la necesidad por parte del Estado de definir políticas públicas en educación que ayuden a mejorar el acceso, uso y apropiación de las TIC, por cuanto son un factor determinante para el desempeño eficiente en diversos sectores de la sociedad posibilitando la resolución de problemas con mayor productividad en términos de tiempos y costos.
Espacios educativos universitarios: una mirada desde los estudiantes
Authors: Vélez-Álvarez Consuelo , Pico-Merchán Maria Eugenia , Escobar-Potes María Del Pilar , Jaramillo-Ángel Claudia Patricia
Published: August 2022

Introducción: Los espacios educativos son escenarios configuradores de la vida académica y de experiencias para el desarrollo personal y profesional de estudiantes. Objetivo: Interpretar las percepciones de los estudiantes de una universidad pública sobre los espacios educativos. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva interpretativa, técnicas grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad con estudiantes líderes. Información analizada desde la hermenéutica. Resultados y discusión: Las percepciones sobre espacios físicos, instalaciones y el mobiliario, fueron interpretadas como agente inhibidor de la calidad de vida; se evidencia percepción de seguridad-inseguridad en la ciudad, el uso de bicicleta fue valorado para favorecer la socialización, la salud y el aprendizaje. La dispersión de sedes de la universidad en la ciudad se considera barrera para interacciones cotidianas. Conclusiones: La universidad es experiencia de vida, permite construir y fortalecer trayectorias universitarias, que se relacionan con vivencias en los espacios de la ciudad y aportan el proceso educativo de manera diferencial.
Lessons Learnt from Humanitarian Negotiations with the Taliban, 1996-2001
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: August 2022

This rapid literature review finds that humanitarian actors responded in a variety of ways to Taliban actions limiting principled aid in the country during the period of their rule (1996-2001). The report is focused on the findings around humanitarian negotiation and the strategy of humanitarian actors in response to Taliban policies limiting women's ability to work for humanitarian organisations or access services. The findings are not intended to imply parallels with the current situation in Afghanistan. Evidence is in the form of a number of evaluations, academic articles and lessons learned papers on negotiating with the Taliban. It discusses the methods of negotiating with the Taliban (e.g. co-ordination, working with the leadership or rank-and-file), the content of negotiations and particularly the question of reaching agreement on women’s rights, as well as humanitarian actors’ negotiating capacity. There is less discussion on the negotiation of specific programmes (e.g. anti-gender-based violence programmes). Due to the different goals and principles of humanitarian actors, as well as different ideas of feasibility, conclusions on the effectiveness of negotiating tactics vary. Strategies therefore cannot be judged as 'successful' without reference to a conception of what is most important in humanitarian programming, and the constraints of the situation. The review highlights lessons on good negotiating practices. The main issue being negotiated was the clash between the Taliban's restrictions on women and humanitarian actors' aim of providing aid to all, including women, according to need. Various strategies were used to persuade the Taliban to consent to principled aid. This review considers aid agency negotiating strategy and tactics, as well as the underlying interests and constraints that may make negotiations more or less successful.
Tipologias literárias e exposição técnica em Virgílio e Paládio
Authors: Trevizam Matheus
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, discutimos a questão de haver textos, na Antiguidade, mais ou menos focados no rigor expositivo dos temas técnico-científicos que contêm. No primeiro grupo estão os tratados – como Opus agriculturae de Paládio – e, no segundo, a poesia didática – como as Geórgicas de Virgílio. Em seguida, introduzimos alguns dos principais traços constitutivos dessas tipologias específicas – com menção ao aspecto organizacional das informações, aos níveis de clareza expressiva etc. – e exemplificamos as diferenças entre a escrita agronômica das Geórgicas e aquela de Opus agriculturae. Isso é obtido comparando lexicalmente passagens de ambos a tematizarem as ferramentas agrícolas e a localização das colmeias. Os resultados das observações apontam, assim, grande prevalência da função do docere em Paládio e do delectare em Virgílio.
EXPRESSIONS OF PERCEIVED SUSCEPTIBILITY TOWARD NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Ho Jia Yiing Lucy , Ting Su Hie , Podin Yuwana
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Perceived susceptibility to diseases influences intentions to undertake health protective measures. Methods: The study investigated perceived susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) among Malaysians, focusing on their expressions of disease susceptibility before and after reading an NPC health pamphlet.  Method: A total of 65 participants in Kuching and Kota Samarahan, Malaysia, aged 13 to 65, were interviewed on their perceptions of their risk of getting NPC.  Results: The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed several levels of perceived susceptibility to NPC, namely, 1) not susceptible to NPC, 2) may be susceptible to NPC, 3) susceptible to NPC, and 4) not knowing much about susceptibility to NPC. The expressions the participants used revolved around “living a healthy life”, “second-hand smoker”, “polluted air” and “eat preserved or salted food”, indicating perceived risk factors of NPC. Conclusion: Some mentioned family history and ethnic background as risk factors. After reading the NPC pamphlet, the participants gave the same reasons but with more specific details on the symptoms and types of food associated with NPC. The study indicated that the NPC pamphlet can increase awareness of NPC because additional reasons given for NPC susceptibility after reading the pamphlet were signs of cancer, age, and NPC incidence in Malaysia.
RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TO THE PREVENTION OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG STUDENTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM
Authors: Nugraheni Novalina Retno , Isfandiari Muhammad Atoillah
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease that causes the body's tissues or organs to deteriorate over time. One of the provinces in Indonesia with the highest prevalence of diabetes is the province of East Java. Knowledge related to DM type II should have been instilled since school. When someone has enough knowledge, it will form good attitudes and actions. This study aims to study the relationship between attitudes and knowledge of public health students with actions related to the prevention of DM type II. Methods: This type of research is analytic descriptive research with cross-sectional research design. The study population was all S1 Public Health Sciences students, amounting to 870 students. The sampling technique is total sampling / saturated sample. So the size of the study sample is 870 students. This study uses prevalence ratio (PR) analysis to determine the strong relationship between variables and the magnitude of risk. Result: The homework between knowledge and action variables shows a value of 1,114 (95% CI = 0.888 – 1.399) and the prevalence ratio value between attitude and action variables shows a value of 0.597 (95% CI = 0.490 - 0.726). Conclusion: Suggestions from this researcher are making public service advertisements about student compliance and awareness about healthy lifestyle habits, especially restrictions on foods high in sugar, limiting eating fast food, doing proper and regular exercise, and getting enough sleep.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES IN WORKSHOP MECHANICS
Authors: Kafi Dadang Shokhibul , Nawawinetu Erwin Dyah
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Stress is the occurrence of the individual's emotions, thoughts, and physical conditions. Each individual has the potential to experience stress. Stress that comes from the workplace is called occupational stress. Increased blood pressure is one of the physical impacts of work stress that needs attention due to continuous increase in blood pressure will cause high blood in the worker. The purpose of this study was to describe the overview of the relationship between occupational stress and the change in blood pressure on workers. Methods: This was descriptive observational research. Respondents were 30 people (mechanics of the workshop). The variables of this research were occupational stress level and systolic blood pressure changes. The stress level was measured by using a questionnaire, while blood pressure was measured by using the tensimeter. The correlation between stress level and blood pressure was analyzed by using cross-tabulation. Result: The results showed that the percentage of respondents with moderate stress levels was higher (53.4%) compared to mild stress levels (46.6%). The percentage of respondents with increased systolic blood pressure was higher (63.3%) compared to respondents with decreased systolic blood pressure (3.4%) and constant blood pressure (33.3%). The percentage of respondents with increasing blood pressure was higher for those with moderate stress levels (93.7%) compared to those with mild stress levels (28.5%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the higher the stress level, the higher percentage of respondents with increasing blood pressure would be.
Time-changed Fractional Convoluted Skellam Process
Authors: SENGAR AYUSHI S. , UPADHYE Neelesh S.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we introduce a convoluted version of Skellam process. We also give an alternate definition through its transition probabilities and discuss its distributional properties. Next, we consider the fractional version of convoluted Skellam process, which we call as fractional convoluted Skellam process (FCSP), and derive the probability generating function, mean, variance, covariance function, and establish its the long-range dependence property. Later, we introduce two time-changed variants of fractional convoluted Skellam process, in which we introduce time-change FCSP by Lévy subordinator and its first exit time, and call as TCFCSP-I and TCFCSP-II respectively. We also derive the law of iterated logarithm property for TCFCSP-I. Later we give the expression for the asymptotic behavior of moments of TCFCSP-II. MSC Classification: 60G22; 60G55
Arsenic removal performance of granular adsorbents using novel clinoptilolites modified with iron nanoparticles
Authors: Nami Shamin Hosseini , Mousavi Seyed Borhan , Fazli-Shokouhi Sara , Khatamian Masoumeh
Published: August 2022

In this research, novel beads were successfully synthesized from natural clinoptilolite (CL) modified with iron nanoparticles (FCL). Beads were prepared using alginate (A) and chitosan (C). FESEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques were employed to characterize the CL, FCL, A-bead, and C-bead. A comprehensive series of batch adsorption experiments were conducted utilizing both prepared samples to study the influential parameters. The most effective cross-linking solutions of chitosan and alginate were sodium tripolyphosphate/sodium hydroxide and 4% Ferric chloride, respectively. The optimum ratio of chitosan/FCL and alginate/FCL was 1:3 and 1:4, sequentially. The effect of initial arsenic concentration, and adsorbent concentration were evaluated. The optimal removal rate of 86% and 93.27% were found for A-beads and C-beads using their optimized initial concentration. Moreover, the best arsenic removal performance was seen 1 g/L for both A-beads and C-beads. The removal rate of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/L of alginate was 75.12%, 81.15%, 82.21%, 82.90%, and 83.15%, respectively. On the other hand, C-beads had higher removal rates at the considered contents. The removal rate of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/L of C-beads were 75.18%, 88.78%, 91.86%, 92.25%, and 92.4%, respectively. Additionally, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were employed to find the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of qmax of alginate and chitosan beads was 10000 𝜇g/g.
Eksperimen Sekolah Unggul untuk Pemimpin Masa Depan
Authors:   SMAN 10 Malang, Sudibyo Sudibyo
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini merefleksikan secara expost facto Program Sampoerna Academy di SMAN 10 Malang 2009 - 2014 sebagai eksperimen sekolah unggul. Dari tarikan induktif atas penyelenggaraannya dapat disimpulkan bahwa program itu merupakan program sekolah unggul yang mengeksperimenkan sekolah pemimpin, yaitu sekolah sebagai wahana belajar para calon pemimpin masa depan. Dengan memadukan sistem sekolah dan sistem asrama, kurikulum nasional dan kurikulum internasional, pajanan bilingual bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris, sekolah ini memfasilitasi para siswa memperoleh capaian dan kepercayaan dalam pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap agar mampu dan cakap memimpin masa depan. Untuk kepentingan itu, materi, aktivitas dan situasi belajar disusun mengarah pada pembekalan kemampuan dan kecakapan kepada siswa untuk bisa mengembangkan diri secara lebih spesifik kompetensi-kompetensi lanjutan bagi pemimpin masa depan. Citra ideal situasi masa depan adalah satu dunia kehidupan bersama yang damai, sejahtera, dinamis, dan terkelola kemajuan teknologi. Untuk ini, dibutuhkan pendidikan calon pemimpin yang mengembangkan paduan visi lokal, nasional dan global, menanam kemampuan menerjemahkan dan melaksanakan kewenangan dan tanggung jawab, menggali informasi yang kaya dan cepat untuk keputusan efektif, berkomunikasi dan bekerja sama secara efektif, menegosiasikan kepentingan, menginovasi penyelesaian persoalan, mendamaikan konflik, menjaga keseimbangan dan daya tahan terhadap tekanan, mengembangkan toleransi atas keragaman, dan mengembangkan perhatian dan kepedulian terhadap kesejahteraan kemanusiaan dan keseimbangan lingkungan. Sambil menanam bekal, program ini menyadari tercapainya tujuan institusional SMA,yaitu sukses menjadi jembatan siswa memasuki universitas terbaik, di dalam negeri atau di luar negeri, yang memungkinkan pengembangan diri lebih lanjut untuk kecerdasan visi, kekuatan mental, dan kecakapan efektif sehingga mampu berperan menciptakan kebersamaan dan kesejahteraan kehidupan global.
Parasitization Levels of Spodoptera frugiperda Eggs (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Three Different Corn Ecosystems in East Java
Authors: Wahyuningsih Rizki Dwi , Harjaka Tri , Suputa Suputa , Trisyono Y. Andi
Published: August 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda  (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has successfully invaded and spread to almost all provinces of Indonesia which may cause significant impacts on corn production. Local natural enemies could play an important role in managing this invasive insect, and more diverse ecosystems would benefit natural enemies. This study aimed to assess parasitization rates of S. frugiperda eggs by local egg parasitoids in three different corn ecosystems (agroforestry, rice field, and rainfed field) in East Java. Sentinel egg masses were used for this study by exposing eight-hour-old egg masses collected from the laboratory mass-rearing and left for 24 hours in corn plantations aged 7, 14, and 28 days after planting. Telenomus sp. was more abundant in the three ecosystems compared to Trichogramma sp. The egg mass parasitization varied from 15.6 to 52.5%. The number of egg masses parasitized was consistently higher in agroforestry, followed by rice fields and rainfed fields in all three different sampling times. Interestingly parasitization rates on egg masses were not different, and they ranged from 43.7 to 81.6%. These findings provide evidence on the importance of local egg parasitoids for managing S. frugiperda and some insights related to plant diversity to improving the services by these parasitoids.
O posicionamento frente à violência policial contra suspeitos branco e negro
Authors: Silva Ferreira Andreza Silene , Da Costa Silva Khalil , Pereira dos Santos Camino Cleonice , Rosas Torres Ana Raquel
Published: August 2022

Este estudo investigou se a cor da pele das vítimas da violência policial influenciava os argumentos utilizados frente a esse tipo de violência. Participaram deste estudo 105 residentes de João Pessoa (Brasil) (idade M = 25,31; DP = 7,5). Utilizou-se um questionário com uma reportagem fictícia, na qual o suspeito de praticar um assalto havia sido gravemente agredido por um policial. Em uma condição, mencionava-se que o suspeito era branco e, em outra, que ele era negro. Os participantes foram convidados a escrever um texto justificando seus posicionamentos acerca do fato ocorrido. As respostas foram analisadas por meio do Iramuteq. Quando o suspeito era branco, a maioria dos posicionamentos (65 %) discordavam da ação policial, justificando-se que o uso da violência era ilegal ou arbitrário. Quando o suspeito era de cor negra, a maioria dos posicionamentos era de concordância com o uso da violência (51,43 %), justificando-se a mesma como medida de punição do suspeito e como procedimento necessário dada a ineficácia da justiça no combate ao crime. Concluiu-se que o posicionamento frente à violência policial consiste numa das expressões da discriminação contra negros e contribui para a manutenção de hierarquias raciais no Brasil.
Pilot Study of the Impact of a Head-Mounted Display and Probe Fixation for Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation
Authors: Moors Nina , Dekkers Janne M.A. , van de Wal Tessa J.H.L. , Peters Johannus F.W.A. , van Loon Fredericus H.J.
Published: August 2022

Highlights

Background:

Ultrasound is an efficient and effective technique to aid intravenous cannulation, in which good hand-eye coordination is crucial. To reduce the difficulty, the ultrasound image should be projected and visible in front of the practitioner during cannulation, and the probe should be stabilized on the target vein. The current study investigates the impact of a head-mounted display and probe fixation for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous cannulation success and time needed to successful insertion.

Materials and Methods:

This nonclinical pilot study included 49 nurse anesthetists. They were divided into an intervention group (cannulation with a head-mounted display and probe stabilizer for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous cannulation, n = 24) and control group (conventional method of ultrasound-guided cannulation, n = 25). Participants performed 20 procedures each on phantoms, with focus on first attempt cannulation success and time taken to completion of successful cannulation.

Results:

In the intervention group, 98% succeeded on their very first attempt at cannulation, compared to 52% in the control group (P < 0.001). Time to successful cannulation on the first attempt was 1.13 ± 0.4 minutes in the intervention group, compared with 1.69 ± 0.8 minutes in the control group (P = 0.003). Overall, first attempt cannulation success was 92% in the intervention group and 90% for the control group (P = 0.359). Times required for successful cannulation was reduced by 0.08 minutes in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

This pilot study is the first describing the use of a head-mounted display and probe fixation for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous cannulation, which resulted in an increased success rate and decreased time to cannulation success.
The development of sets-based chemic media on hydrocarbon material
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Sartika Silaban Meli , Aprilia Nisa Selly ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Silaban Saronom ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Sianturi Julinton ,   Department of Chemistry, Max Planck Institute, Germany
Published: August 2022

Learning media is a tool that is inseparable from the learning process in the world of education, especially in the current era of the media world which is increasingly utilizing media innovation. This research is a development research that aims to develop hydrocarbon chemical media. The development method used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) which is modified by the researcher so that in this development research, only four stages are carried out, namely analysis, design, development and evaluation. The validation of the developed hydrocarbon chemical media was managed on a Likert scale of 1-4 by five expert validators, namely chemistry lecturers and teachers. The results of the analysis from the validation by expert validators on the feasibility of hydrocarbon chemical media according to the BSNP (National Education Standards Agency) modified with SETS eligibility are the content feasibility aspect of 3.58 (89.50 %); language feasibility aspect 3.68 (92.00%); presentation feasibility aspect 3.49 (87.25%); aspects of the feasibility of graphics 3.41 (85.25%); the feasibility aspect of implementing SETS 3.41 (85.25%). The average score of validation by the five validators is 3.54 with valid criteria and a presentation of 86.80% in a very feasible category. Based on the results of the validation of the hisrocarbon chemic media, it was concluded that the hydrocarbon chemical media was in accordance with the feasibility of the BSNP (National Education Standards Agency) modified with SETS eligibility and showed that the SETS-based hydrocarbon chemic media (chemistry comic) was very suitable to be used as a learning medium on hydrocarbon material.
Developing the i-spring media based on project based learning model on the alkane derivatives topic
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Evina Dibyantini Ratu , Fitriani Harahap Aura ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia
Published: August 2022

This study aims to (1) obtain i-spring-based media teaching materials from Project Based Learning which meet the criteria for content eligibility, language eligibility, and presentation eligibility under the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP), and (2) know the increase in student learning outcomes after using i-spring-based media Project Based Learning. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D), which has been modified as needed. This research was conducted on students of class XII IPA 4 at Senior High School in Indonesia in the academic year 2021/2022, separately purposive sampling. The results showed that: 1) The developed i-spring-media based on Project Based Learning on the material of alkane derivative compounds meets the BSNP criteria, with the result: material feasibility is 3.31 and media feasibility is 3.51. It means the criteria are valid and do not need to be revised; 2) The developed media can improve student learning outcomes with an N-gain of 0.52 medium category.
Development of electronic activity sheet based preview, question, read, reflect, recite, review (pq4r) learning strategy on ion balance and pH of buffer solution
Authors:   Department of Chemistry Education, Riau University, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia, Rery R. Usman , Erviyenni Erviyenni ,   Department of Chemistry Education, Riau University, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia, Agus Hardiyansyah Muhammad ,   Department of Chemistry Education, Riau University, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
Published: August 2022

The development of a PQ4R-based electronic activity sheet on the material of ion balance and pH of the buffer solution aims to develop a valid electronic activity sheet and determine user responses in learning. The research method used is the research and development (R&D) method by applying a 4-D development model which includes Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. Pandemic conditions cause research to only be carried out until the Develop stage which was followed by one-on-one trials, teacher trials, and limited trials. The data collection tools used were validity sheets and user response questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is to calculate the results of the validation percentage score and user response. The results of the study explain that the PQ4R-based electronic activity sheet developed has been categorized as "valid" according to 2 material validation experts and 2 media validation experts based on the feasibility of content, PQ4R characteristics, language, presentation, display, and software utilization with average scores are 100%, 96.42%, 97.5%, 87.5%, 99%, and 98.21%. One-on-one trials were carried out on 3 students with different abilities to get comments that were used as improvements to the electronic activity sheet. The results of the user response test for 3 teachers and 20 students were categorized as "very good" with scores of 92.59% and 84.87%, respectively.