bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisit the relationship between two inflation indicators: Case of Pakistan
Authors: Ghauri Saghir
Published: January 2021

This research paper determines the association between two inflation indicators, consumer price index and wholesale price index in three groups' i.e. general group, food group, and non-food group. The objective is to f ind out if the relationship is unidirectional or bidirectional between CPI and WPI in all groups. For this purpose monthly data from July 1971 to December 2019 has been used. Furthermore, Cointegration has been calculated via Johansen's cointegration test on time series data to discover if the long-run aff iliation occurs between the variables. Before cointegration, it is essential to discover the stationarity of the variables for which the augmented dickey fuller test has been used at the f irst difference. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is also employed to check for the disturbances of divergence or convergence f inally Granger causality/Block exogenity test is applied to discover causality between variables, it also specifies unidirectional relationship or bidirectional relationship. As a result, it is found that there is a signif icant co-integration equation which indicates that there is an existence of long-run association amongst variables. On the other hand, there is also an indication of the short-run relationship among variables. Finally, a two-way causal relationship is indicated by the granger causality test, between CPI and WPI in general and food group and one-way causal association between CPI and WPI in the non-food group.
Exploring Experiential Learning Models and developing an EL based ERE cycle in teaching at higher education in Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Rana Naeem
Published: January 2021

Experiential Learning (EL) is a process where a learner learns in various phases by doing, reflecting, and experimenting (Kolb, 1984). To determine the best practices in EL, one needs to explore it by doing in-depth readings of primitive and contemporary researches and theories of EL. The current study is aimed at exploring and analyzing existing EL theories and cycles to address the needs of the local students of Pakistan. After a thorough and careful discussion, an EL-based ERE model is proposed to use EL strategies in teaching at higher education in Pakistan considering the local requirements and settings. After doing a content analysis of the relevant literature, an ERE cycle was developed that includes three phases with the basic components derived from existing prevailing EL cycles. The whole process was termed as 'ERE' cycle, where 'E' referred to 'experience', 'R' referred to 'reflection' and 'E' referred to 'experiment'.This study will enable the researchers and EL practitioners to follow the strategies and activities and experiment ERE cycle in teaching different courses. The study will permit the students and teachers to experience EL strategies and have productive, meaningful, and long-lasting learning.
Pela Valorização dos Artigos de Pesquisa no Movimento Espírita
Authors: Fonseca Alexandre
Published: January 2021

Editorial
Maldives Macroeconomic Forecasting:
Authors: Baluga Anthony , Nakane Masato
Published: January 2021

This study aims to build an efficient small-scale macroeconomic forecasting tool for Maldives. Due to significant limitations in data availability, empirical economic modeling for the country can be problematic. To address data constraints and circumvent the “curse of dimensionality,” Bayesian vector autoregression estimations are utilized comprising of component-disaggregated domestic sectoral production, price, and tourism variables. Results demonstrate how this methodology is appropriate for economic modeling in Maldives. With the appropriate level of shrinkage, Bayesian vector autoregressions can exploit the information content of the macroeconomic and tourism variables. Augmenting for qualitative assessments, the directional inclination of the forecasts is improved.
Mortar for 3D printers using river sand, Portland cement and hydraulic lime
Authors: Palacios Javier , Paredes Marcel , Castillo Tito , Paredes Oscar
Published: January 2021

The 3D printing is a construction technology that uses mortar to make elements and structures. In this research, four types of mortar were elaborated using Portland cement types I and HE, adding hydraulic lime. Mortars with cement types I and HE without hydraulic lime presented higher resistance to compression than mortars made with lime. The four mortars had an adequate resistance to compression and features that are suitable for use in 3D printers.
Role of accuracy and quantity of field tests in engineering-geotechnical researches for construction
Authors: Kutliyarov Damir , Ryzhkov Igor , Kutliyarov Amir , Khafizov Ayrat , Zubairov Ruslan
Published: January 2021

The aim of this work is to summarize previously conducted studies on the optimization of the unequal geotechnical testing program and on the selection of the desired calculation indicator based on the results of such tests. The approximate, but quick and cheap tests (“express methods”) are recommended to be performed on a large scale and considered as a means of assessing the geotechnical structure of the site as a whole. It is proposed to carry out expensive “accurate” tests in a reduced volume and to use them as a means of correcting approximate tests. In the article, these issues are considered by the example of determining the bearing capacity of piles according to the data of static sounding (cone penetration testing – CPT), dynamic and static tests of full-scale piles. We propose the mathematical model for evaluating the informative content of the test complex, based on the concepts of information theory. The site is mentally divided into several sections, each of which is characterized by one of the possible values of the ultimate resistance of piles of a certain length. All variants of “placement in the plan” of possible values of pile resistances (“site images”) are considered. Initially, when nothing is known about the true value of the pile resistances in each section, all possible values of the pile resistances are assumed to be equally probable, i.e. the uncertainty of the situation is maximum. In the theory of information, such uncertainty is quantified by the value called entropy. When any test is performed at the site, the uncertainty decreases, and the more accurate the test the more significant is the decrease. The difference in entropy before and after the test represents the amount of information (in bits) that these tests carry. The calculations using this model showed that the information content of a large number of approximate tests can (due to heterogeneity of the soil) exceed the information content of small exact tests. Only one approximate test method can lead to the systematic error (overestimation or underestimation of the average value of the desired indicator). It is necessary to carry out control “exact” tests and approximate tests to eliminate such a danger. A technique is proposed for adjusting approximate estimates based on data from “accurate” tests, which ensures optimal “safety margins” in decisions being made.
Prospects of electrosleep therapy devices for long-distance drivers
Authors: Kernytskyy Ivan , Storchun Yevhen , Yakovenko Yevheniia , Horbay Orest , Humenuyk Ruslan , Sholudko Yaroslav
Published: January 2021

Accomulated exhaustion is a fairly common problem for long-distance truck and bus drivers on international routes. In case of uncompensated exhaustion, the driver is unable to overcome the resulting attention violations with will effort, which increases the probability of errors and accidents. The last claim is confirmed by the increase in the number of incidents after 7 h and especially 10 h of work. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to stop and fall asleep for a short time. Recovery comes in about 10–15 min of relaxation. The source of stimulation of the brain is weak impulse current, which causes sleep of varying depth and duration. Clinical studies have shown that the strongest impact is on pulses with a duration of approximately 0.3– –0.5 ms and a frequency of repetition ranging from 0.5–2 to 80–100 Hz. Current levels are typically between 50 and 5 mA. Transcranial electrotherapy is considered to stimulate endorphin production and affect the hypothalamus, causing changes in neurohormonal regulatory mechanisms and reticular formation of the brain stem. The reticular formation is involved in many behavioral reactions and has a significant impact on body functioning and thought processes. The aim of this work was to determine correlation between human brain biorhythms and electrosleep device signal by calculating mutual correlation. For this purpose, the model in MATLAB Simulink environment was developed. The encephalogram was processed using the EEGLAB tool to remove artifacts. A model in the MATLAB Simulink environment was developed to evaluate the effect of the signal characteristics of electrosleep therapy devices on brain biorhythms, with the help of which correlation coefficients were calculated.
Najczęściej występujące uszkodzenia fundamentów słupów linii elektroenergetycznych najwyższych napięć i sposoby ich napraw
Authors: Witkowska-Dobrev Joanna , Szlachetka Olga , Brzezińska Anna
Published: January 2021

W pracy omówiono zagadnienia związane z trwałością fundamentów słupów linii elektroenergetycznych najwyższych napięć (NN) oraz przedstawiono sposoby ich renowacji. W części badawczej przeprowadzono diagnostykę wybranych fundamentów słupów linii NN (400 kV) Wielopole–Noszowice. W trakcie wizji lokalnej ustalono, że istnieją odpryski i niewielkie ubytki powierzchniowe betonu, a w niektórych przypadkach ubytki otuliny zbrojenia bez widocznych wżerów. Na podstawie stopnia uszkodzeń określono zakres napraw niekonstrukcyjnych oraz zabezpieczeń antykorozyjnych, przedstawiając kolejne etapy ich realizacji.
Group decision-making in civil engineering based on AHP
and PROMETHEE methods
Authors: Marović Ivan , Tijanić Ksenija , Šopić Martina , Car-Pušić Diana
Published: January 2021

The Analytical Hierarchy Process
(AHP) and PROMETHEE have gained increasing attention in the field of construction
management as techniques for the analysis
of complex situations and as decision support for decision makers. However, these
two methods in themselves or their potential applications to problems of construction
management are not sufficiently defined in
the existing literature. The environment of
group decision-making bring even more challenges. This paper consolidates and critically
discusses the current knowledge on the application of AHP and PROMETHEE methods
in the light of the specifics of the construction industry. A systematic literature review
was used to select the contributions indexed
in the databases Scopus and Web of Science.
The findings indicate that the studies deal
with broad topics and different aspects in
different phases of civil engineering projects.
This paper provides a useful reference work
for researchers and practitioners interested in
the application of AHP and PROMEETHEE
as tools for group decision-making in civil
engineering.
Wpływ alkoholu na ryzyko wypadku na stanowiskach pracy
z wykorzystaniem rusztowań budowlanych
Authors: Sawicki Marek , Szóstak Mariusz
Published: January 2021

Spożywanie alkoholu w miejscu pracy jest surowo zabronione. Niestety zakaz ten jest często łamany.
Nietrzeźwość pracownika może stworzyć
zagrożenie, a w najgorszym przypadku może
również doprowadzić do trwałego kalectwa,
a nawet śmierci. Celem prowadzonych badań
było zidentyfikowanie głównych problemów
związanych z nadużywaniem i ze spożywaniem alkoholu przez pracowników budowlanych w trakcie pracy. Dane do analizy
pozyskano z dokumentacji powypadkowej
(analizie poddano 219 osób poszkodowanych w wypadkach przy pracy z wykorzystaniem rusztowań budowlanych) oraz ankiet
zebranych podczas realizowanego projektu
naukowo-badawczego „Model oceny ryzyka
wystąpienia katastrof budowlanych, wypadków i zdarzeń niebezpiecznych na stanowiskach pracy z wykorzystaniem rusztowań budowlanych” (573 badań ankietowych osób
pracujących na rusztowaniach, na ankietowanych terenach budowy).
Consequences of improper renovation decisions in a 17th century half-timbered building
Authors: Nowogońska Beata
Published: January 2021

In the case of historic half-timbered buildings, the consequences of erroneous decisions regarding renovation or neglected conservation lead to irreversible damage processes. The effective undertaking of protection activities thus requires carrying out appropriate diagnostic studies. The results of these studies will make it possible to put forth renovation solutions which do not interfere with the historic architectural-structural layout of the building. The article presents the results of the assessment of the technical conditions of a 17th century church in Sękowice, built using traditional frame construction. As a consequence of earlier, inappropriate decisions pertaining to renovation works, a significant portion of the elements of the wooden construction underwent biological corrosion, as a result of which it lost its original mechanical properties. Some of the walls settled on corroded ground beams, with the uneven settling leading to distortions of the entire structure.
Biliary Disease: Calculous and Acalculous Cholecystitis
Authors: Davis Kimberly A , Ruangvoravat Lucy
Published: January 2021

Cholelithiasis is extremely common in the United States, affecting approximately 10 to 15% of the population. The vast majority of patients remain asymptomatic. Elective cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis is a well-established procedure with excellent outcomes. The diagnosis in critically ill patients may not be straightforward. Inflammation and infection of the gallbladder can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Whether the gallbladder is the primary etiology of hemodynamic compromise (as in emphysematous or gangrenous cholecystitis) or is the victim of secondary insult (as in ischemia-related acalculous cholecystitis), the intensivist must consider cholecystitis in the differential of clinical deterioration.
This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 59 references.
Key words: acalculous, biliary disease, cholangitis, cholecystitis, emphysematous cholecystitis
Somatic Symptom Disorder and Related Conditions
Authors: Thielke Stephen
Published: January 2021

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a novel construct, first presented in the DSM-5. It has two criteria: distressing or impairing bodily symptoms and excessive or disproportionate thoughts, feelings, or behaviors directed toward those symptoms. The criteria must be applied critically to make sense logically and clinically. The framework does not suggest any causal relationship between the elements. SSD uses a different formulation than in previous constructs, with no requirement that symptoms be medically unexplained. Little research has been conducted about SSD, and it is inappropriate to draw conclusions from similar diagnoses. Therefore, almost nothing is known about epidemiology, natural history, and treatment response in SSD. Health anxiety disorder is similar to SSD, but without significant somatic symptoms. Conversion disorder and factitious disorder entail more specific findings than does SSD. Providers should carefully apply diagnostic criteria for SSD, focus on the individual’s distress, and consider how this diagnosis influences the provider-patient relationship. Future research will refine the understanding of the condition and therapeutic approaches to it.
This review contains 1 figure, 5 tables, and 39 references.
Key words: behaviors, conversion disorder, disproportionate, excessive, factitious disorder, feelings, health anxiety, somatic symptom disorder, somatization, thoughts
Factitious Disorders
Authors: Amos James , Strong Michael , Black Donald W.
Published: January 2021

Factitious disorder (FD) is a psychiatric disorder in which patients deliberately perpetrate or lie about medical and/or psychiatric illness in themselves or others. Although it has been thought to be driven by the need to take the patient role, no body of research has clearly identified the underlying motivation, cause, or treatment for it. Illness deception, along with the similarity to other diagnostic categories, such as somatic symptom disorder, personality disorder, and malingering (which is not considered a mental illness but can be a focus of clinical attention), has hindered basic and clinical research into the nature and treatment of FD. Still, moving psychiatric treatment of FD forward can take advantage of tools already available to clinicians, including motivational interviewing techniques to facilitate empathic confrontation in the general hospital. Despite the lack of treatment studies, employing therapies known to be effective for borderline personality disorder, which is similar in many ways to FD, for FD patients willing to participate might be helpful.

This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables and 27 references
Key words: factitious disorder imposed on another, factitious disorder imposed on self, malingering, medically unexplained symptoms, Munchausen by proxy, Munchausen syndrome, pseudologia fantastica, somatic symptom disorders
The effect of BMI and type 2 diabetes on socioeconomic status: a two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pedron Sara , Kurz Christoph F , Schwettmann Lars , Laxy Michael
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To
assess the independent causal effect of BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on
socioeconomic outcomes applying two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR)
analysis.

RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS

We
carried out univariate and multivariate two-sample MR to jointly assess the
effect BMI and T2D on socioeconomic outcomes. We used overlapping genome-wide
significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for BMI and T2D as
instrumental variables. Their causal impact on household income and regional
deprivation was assessed using summary-level data from the UK Biobank.

RESULTS

In
the univariate analysis, higher BMI was related with lower income (marginal
effect of 1-SD increase in BMI [β=-0.092 (95% CI: -0.138; -0.047)] and higher
deprivation [β=0.051 (95% CI: 0.022; 0.079)]. In the multivariate MR, the
effect of BMI controlling for diabetes was slightly lower for income and
deprivation. Diabetes was not associated with these outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

High
BMI, but not diabetes, shows a causal link with socioeconomic outcomes.
PENERAPAN IoT UNTUK SISTEM KENDALI JARAK JAUH PERALATAN LISTRIK RUMAH TANGGA BERBASIS RASPBERRY PI
Authors: Ariawan Ketut Udy
Published: January 2021

Perkembangan internet pada masa sekarang sangatlah pesat. Ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap internet sangat tinggi, terutama digunakan sebagai sumber pencarian informasi dan berbagai macam media sosial. Namun, saat ini penggunaan internet tidak hanya terpaku pada pencarian informasi dan media sosial saja, akan tetapi dapat juga digunakan untuk menghubungkan dan mengendalikan satu perangkat dengan perangkat lainnya tanpa campur tangan manusia. Teknologi ini disebut dengan Internet of Things (IoT). Salah satu perangkat yang sering dikendalikan menggunakan internet adalah peralatan listrik rumah tangga. Listrik saat ini juga menjadi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat. Namun, masyarakat juga sering mengeluh tentang biaya pembayaran listrik yang semakin mahal setiap bulannya. Hal ini disebabkan karena masyarakat sering lupa mematikan listrik sebelum pergi meninggalkan rumah. Dengan melihat permasalahan tersebut, maka dibuatlah sebuah alat yang mampu mematikan dan menghidupkan peralatan listrik rumah tangga dari jarak jauh melalui internet. Alat ini menggunakan Raspberry Pi, Relay, dan Platform Cayenne yang dipasangkan pada Smartphone Android.
ANALISIS KESUKSESAN IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI ONLINE SINGLE SUBMISSION MENGGUNAKAN METODE DELONE DAN MCLEAN
Authors: Kurniawan I Made Windu Segara , Dantes Gede Rasben , Indrawan Gede
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan atas dasar untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dari sebuah sistem informasi yang diterapkan dalam sebuah organisasi sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesuksesan implementasi aplikasi Online Single Submission (OSS) menggunakan metode Delone dan Mclean pada Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPTSP). Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pengguna sistem informasi yang berjumlah 55 orang. Sebanyak 48 responden dipilih sebagai sampel yang ditentukan dengan teknik group random sampling. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa system quality, informasi quality, service quality dan individual impact memiliki pengaruh terhadap organizational impact sebesar 95,9% dan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan pengguna sebesar 64,55% berada pada kategori cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan terdapat kesuksesan implementasi aplikasi OSS menggunakan metode Delone dan Mclean pada DPMPTSP Kabupaten Buleleng. Dari hasil ini diharapkan kedepannya aplikasi OSS dapat di implementasikan pada lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan yang lain di Kabupaten Buleleng.
SKENARIO OPEN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (OPBL) PADA ANIMASI TEKS 2D MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN POLYA
Authors: Untari Rahmania Sri , Su’udiah Firdaus , Liansari Vevy
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Animasi dengan berbagai peranan menjadikannya sebagai ilmu pengetahuan teknologi yang sangat penting. Peran OPBL memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk berpikir kreatif, mengemukakan ide kritisnya, keterampilan kolaboratif, dan penggunaan teknologi yang akan bermakna dalam dunia kerja dan di kehidupan nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa sebelum diberi perlakuan OPBL dan sesudah diberi perlakuan OPBL. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen semu. Uji paired sample t-test digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa sebelum diberi perlakuan OPBL dan sesudah diberi perlakuan OPBL, dan perbedaan ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh sintaksis atau skenario model pembelajaran. Pembelajaran kooperatif membuat pembelajaran kelompok siswa lebih terstruktur sesuai dengan topik pembelajaran yang ditugaskan.
RANCANGAN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK DAN PENDEKATAN KONTINGENSI PADA RSU BINTANG KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG
Authors: Arthajaya Anak Agung Gede Putra Dwi , Candiasa I Made , Dantes Gede Rasben
Published: January 2021

RSU Bintang merupakan rumah sakit binaan pemerintah daerah kabupaten Klungkung. Regulasi pada pemerintah daerah menyebabkan sering terjadi rotasi dan mutasi pegawai. Hal tersebut menyebabkan kehilangan pengetahuan tentang pekerjaan dan pengalaman pegawai serta pengolahannya yang masih belum baik. Oleh karena itu, RSU Bintang membutuhkan sistem yang dapat mengelola pengetahuan pegawai, sehingga diharapkan dapat meminimalkan hilangnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki organisasi. Knowledge Management System (KMS) merupakan salah satu pilihan yang dapat digunakan. Dari persoalan tersebut dirancanglah rancangan prototype KMS dengan menggunakan Theoretical framework dan pendekatan kontingensi. Theoretical framework digunakan dalam mengkombinasikan perancangan milik Fernandez Shaberwal dan Amrit Tiwana. Pendekatan kontingensi dipilih dikarenakan penelitian lebih ditekankan pada proses Knowledge Management. Peneliti mengumpulkan data menggunakan teknik observasi, kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini memprioritaskan  pengembangan proses KMS yaitu exchange, direction, socialization for knowledge shering, externalization, routines,  combination, dan socialization for knowledge discovery. Fitur yang dihasilkan adalah  dokumentasi artikel atau berita, forum diskusi, manajemen dokumen dan manajemen pengetahuan. Hasil uji coba fungsionalitas menggunakan metode UAT mendapat  rata 97,8 dan uji coba usability menggunakan metode SUS mendapatkan nilai 75,75 dengan tingkat usability baik. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut digunakan sebagai acuan untuk memberikan rekomendasi untuk dikembangkan KMS pada RSU Bintang.
Capacity Building Kelembagaan Komisi Informasi Provinsi Lampung dalam Meningkatkan Penyelenggaraan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik di Provinsi Lampung
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Yolanda Wice , Duadji Noverman ,   Universitas Lampung, Hutagalung Simon Sumanjoyo ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: January 2021

Transparency in government management is important to continue to be improved. The existence of a good government management is the increasing of public trust through public information disclosure. The Information Commission as an implementor in the implementation of law No. 14 of 2008 on Public Information Disclosure must continue to develop the capacity of institutions in order to provide maximum performance so as to encourage the implementation of public information disclosure in Lampung Province. This research aimed to describe the institutional capacity building efforts conducted by the Lampung Provincial Information Commission as well as identify inhibitory factors in the effort. The research method used a qualitative approach. The results of the study generally showed that the Lampung Provincial Information Commission began to make institutional capacity building efforts through the development of physical resources, the development of operational processes, and the development of human resources. Overall all three aspects have gone pretty well.Aspects of physical resource development are starting to go well due to structural changes in the institution that have a good impact on other aspects. In terms of operational development, efforts are made that motivate employees through incentives, personnel addition and building good cooperation and coordination. Aspects of human resource development are trying to be built through training efforts. The obstruction factor in capacity building efforts found to be related to legal devices as well as agency budgets that are not yet fully independent.
Prescripción del ejercicio físico desde la realidad virtual semi-inmersiva, alternativa en los procesos de rehabilitación funcional para el adulto mayor
Authors: Montealegre Lina María , Castellanos Ruíz Julialba , Márquez Carolina , Murillo Santiago , Torres Escobar Juan , Arbeláez Granada Zarín
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Determinar la prescripción del ejercicio en un programa realizado con realidad virtual (RV) para adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó búsqueda de artículos con las palabras clave “virtual reality”, “physical therapy”, “Exergames”, “Healthy”, “Older people”, “Exercise”, en los buscadores Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Académico y Base de datos Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquia –EIA. En el criterio de inclusión de los artículos, se tuvo en cuenta: intensidad, frecuencia, tiempo, tipos de juegos y resultados. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 40 artículos, que permitieron evidenciar la prescripción del ejercicio en RV en adultos mayores. Conclusión: En la prescripción del ejercicio en la realidad virtual se puede indicar que las sesiones de trabajo deben durar entre 30 a 50 minutos, frecuencia semanal de 3 a 5 veces/semana; se propone realizar 3 a 5 series de 8 a 20 repeticiones con una intensidad inicial del 30% hasta un 75% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima.
Primary School Teachers’ Views on the Implementation of the 4th Class Science Course Curriculum
Authors: TARTAR Sinan
Published: January 2021

When it is considered that the basis of the science course is taken in elementary school, the primary school teachers who arealso the practitioners of the science curriculum in this level have great responsibilities in the acquisition of scienceconsciousness. It is thought that updating the science curriculum will cause some changes in practice. Therefore, the opinionsof the primary school teachers about the implementation of the new program are important. This study was carried out inorder to investigate the opinions of the 4th class primary school teachers about the objectives, content, educational statusand evaluation items of the 4th class science curriculum in primary school which was updated in 2018 and implemented as ofthe 2018-2019 academic year. The study group consisted of 5 primary school teachers in the central district of a province inthe Western Black Sea Region, selected from the same primary school according to the criteria sampling. The data werecollected through the semi-structured interview form. There were 10 open-ended questions in the interview form. The datawere analyzed by using a descriptive analysis method. The primary school teachers who participated in the research indicatedthat the science curriculum should be suitable for the level of the students, their simplicity, attractiveness of the subjects,interest and attention, the content in terms of being appropriate for the characteristics of the students and the beginning ofthis course from the third grade of primary school; on the other hand, they stated that the coursebook was not prepared inself-sufficient way, there were too many concepts in the program and too many details were included, the number ofexperiments were low, there was difficulty in providing material for some subjects and there was no laboratory environment.Meeting the equipment needs in schools can increase the effectiveness of the program in practice. Another variable thatincreases the effectiveness of the program in practice is the inclusion of out-of school activities by primary school teachers inscience classes.
Investigation of Environmental Related Course Gains at the First Level of Primary Education in Terms of Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: YURTTAŞ Arefe , ERDAŞ KARTAL Eda , ÇAĞLAR Atila
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Environment is an interdisciplinary research field related to many social, cultural, psychological, economic and social fields. Therefore, the success of a study to be planned in environmental education requires directing the study by considering these disciplines. Since environment and environmental problems affect many areas in our lives, environmental education in education programs should be handled with an interdisciplinary approach. In the research, environmental related gains in primary education curriculum were examined in the context of associating with other disciplines based on integrated interdisciplinary approach.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is qualitative research and document analysis method was used in the analysis of the data.Findings: The number of environmental related gains at primary level was determined to be 96. It has been determined that the environmental related gains in primary education curriculum are concentrated in some courses such as Life Science, Science and Social Studies, and these gains are not included in the curriculum of some courses. It has been observed that the level of association of the determined gains with other disciplines is weak. In addition, no clear explanation has been found in the curriculum about the necessity of handling environmental related gains with an interdisciplinary approach.Highlights: The research shows that environmental gains in primary education curriculum are insufficient in terms of integrated interdisciplinary approach.
Investigating Life Skills Of Students Who Are Engaged In Sports (İstanbul Bakırköy District Example)
Authors: ALTUN Mehmet , ACAK Mahmut , BÜYÜKÇELEBİ Hakan , SAVAS Seyfi
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Sport is defined as regular physical activities for different purposes and it is a concept, which is aimed at satisfyingthe subconscious emotions of human beings, such as integrating a set of physical, psychological and mental efforts, andsocializing. Nowadays, sports are becoming more and more important in terms of their place and importance in the society aswell as increasing their influence on human life. Individual athletes develop in terms of physical and mental abilities. It is knownthat it strengthens social ties among individuals and socializes the individual in terms of its social aspect. This study wasconducted to examine the life skills of individuals participating in sports activities in high schools in terms of various variables.Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, the Effect of Sport Scale on Life Skills was used. Screening method was used inthe research. The research population consists of 417 students studying in high schools in Bakırköy district of Istanbul.Findings: Sports in young people; it has been found that it has developed many life skills such as teamwork, goal setting, takinginitiative, respecting other peoples, time management, cognitive skills, emotional skills, communication skills, social skills,leadership, problem solving and decision making.Highlights: The findings are discussed with previous studies and suggestions for new research are included.
The Relation between Parental Bonding with Intimacy and Authentic Self In Mediated By Attachment Style
Authors: AKBAY Sinem Evin , GÜNDOĞDU Hakan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to test, an investigation of the relations between parental bonding with intimacy andauthentic self in mediated by attachment style.Design/Methodology/Approach: Research data have been collected from 1022 university students: 711 females and 311males who were attended in 2013-2014 academic year at Mersin University, Education Faculty. The data related with thepredicted variables romantic intimacy and authentic self have been collected by using “Romantic Intimacy Scale” and “TheAuthenticity Relationship Scale” which have been adopted by researcher; whereas data of predictor variables have beencollected by “Parental Bonding Instrument” and “Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory”. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0software has been used for statistical analyses of research data. In pursuant to aim of the study, path analysis was used todetermine variables that effect romantic intimacy and authentic self. Signifiance level vas .05 for all analyses.Findings: In this study, first of all a model which relation to effects of styles of humor on attachment styles wassuggested, after that, the most suitable model was favored among alternative models. According to the resultsof analyses, while mother bonding has been presented as a predictor. In line with the findings obtained withinthe scope of the research, suggestions were made to the employees and researchers in the field of application.
The Use Of Newspapers As A Tool In History Teaching And Students' Approaches In This Subject
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Mehmet
Published: January 2021

Many different tools are used in history teaching. One of these tools is newspapers. Newspapers are common tools that are cheap, effective, useful and easy to access, which can be used both in and outside the class. Newspapers, one of the sources where students can improve their research skills, can broaden their horizons. In this study, the use of the history lessons of newspapers as a tool in teaching has been examined, students' perceptions, views and opinions about the use of newspapers as a tool in education have been revealed and their thoughts on library use have been evaluated. The study also examined how students used newspapers as primary sources. The research was carried out with 151 students who were studying at the 11th grade of Fatih Gelenbevi Anatolian High School in the district of Fatih in Istanbul. From 2000 until 1929, Evening published in Turkey, Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet, Milliyet, Sabah, Turkey, Ulus and Zafer newspapers were examined in this study. As a data collection tool, a written evaluation report consisting of 5 questions was taken from each student. The analysis of the data was done using descriptive analysis technique, and the numerical breakdown and comparison of the data was done. Anxiety and prejudice were observed in the majority of students, especially for the use of newspapers in the teaching of history lessons. However, at the end of the research assignment, it was determined that there was a big change in the negative perspectives of the students. It has been observed that students' thoughts about library use have changed, their ability to use the library has increased and they have become more social.
Investigation of Primary School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics in terms of Various Variables
Authors: AKTAN Osman , BUDAK Yusuf
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The current study aims to examine primary school students’ attitudes towards mathematics lessons in terms ofgender, having an individual room, having internet connection at home, having a social media account, family income andparents’ education level.Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a descriptive study that aims to investigate primary school students’ attitudes towardsmathematics lessons in terms of various variables, and it employs survey design. Data of the study were collected from 229students attending fourth grade in primary schools in the central district of Düzce, Turkey in the 2017-2018 academic year. Inorder to identify primary school students’ attitudes towards mathematics lessons, Scale of Attitudes towards Mathematics,which was developed by Nazlıçiçek and Erktin (2002) and the reliability and validity of which was tested by Aktan (2018) withregard to scale structure, was used in the current study. The data in this study were analyzed with a statistical package program.Findings: The findings of the study reveal that students’ attitude means scores towards mathematics do not differ significantlyin terms of gender, having an individual room, having internet connection at home, having a social media account, familyincome, parents’ education level. With regard to factors of the scale of attitude towards mathematics, there are significantdifferences in the factors of the scale in terms of having an individual room, having internet connection at home and familyincome while there are not any significant differences in terms of having a social media account and parents’ education level.Conclusion : Based on the results of the current study, to help students develop positive attitudes towards mathematicslessons, it is recommended that social media should be used to support learning, primary school teachers should offermathematics lessons in an interesting and fun way, and activities should include games considering the developmentalcharacteristics of primary school students. Besides, families should arrange environments for their children to study efficiently,offer better studying opportunities and they should be guided about efficient studying to raise their awareness.
Multiculturalism in Social Studies Teaching: A Meta-Synthesis Study
Authors: KARDAŞ İŞLER Nergiz
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate the findings of studies investigating multiculturalism in social studies teaching in Turkey.Studies examining the concept of multiculturalism, which belongs to an important place in the social studies course, wereanalyzed, and the findings related to what was focused most, what was needed and the subjects that had never beeninvestigated before were presented.Design/Methodology/Approach: The meta-synthesis method, which is one of the qualitative methods based on interpretingand synthesizing the findings of the studies, carried out with a qualitative and mixed method investigating multiculturalism inthe field of social studies teaching. In the meta-synthesis method, researches on the same subject are interpreted from acritical point of view by creating themes or main templates. Within the scope of the “inclusion criteria” determined, 11 studiesexamining multiculturalism in social studies teaching were analysed.Findings: The findings showed that in order to describe the current situation, the great majority of the studies examined thedocuments, and the data collection and data analysis methods were similar due to the document analysis method. Studiesexamining multiculturalism in different units of the curriculum of social studies course show that the situations of addressingmulticulturalism in the program have varied over the years, and that there have been significant developments over time interms of the representation of multiculturalism in the context of learning domain. Studies conducted on social studiestextbooks show that the reflection of multiculturalism on books took place later than the curriculum. As a result, it is seen thatthe level of multiculturalism is still not sufficient.Conclusion: Instead of conducting descriptive studies that determine the extent to which multiculturalism is represented insocial studies documents, social studies researchers are suggested to carry out studies using different methods that createproducts for the creation of multicultural education environments that can be carried out with a social studies curriculum.
Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Setek Teh (Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Klon Gmb 7 pada Berbagai Interval Penyiraman
Authors: Rezamela Erdiansyah , Rosniawaty Santi , Suherman Cucu
Published: January 2021

Cekaman kekeringan pada bibit teh dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan terhambat hingga kematian tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan bibit teh terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan mencari interval penyiraman yang ideal bagi pertumbuhan bibit teh. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina, Gambung Jawa Barat berada pada ketinggian ±1.350 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl) mulai Januari sampai Maret 2020. Bibit setek teh klon GMB 7 umur 6 bulan diberi perlakuan penyiraman dengan interval 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 dan 9 hari ditambah perlakuan tanpa penyiraman dan aplikasi kitosan sebagai anti-transpirant. Hasil yang didapat setelah hari ke-57, interval penyiraman 7 hari sekali memberikan pengaruh nyata dan respons tertinggi terhadap luas daun, indeks luas daun dan bobot kering tajuk, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang. Penyiraman pada semua interval yang berbeda dan perlakuan kitosan menunjukkan nilai jumlah daun, root shoot ratio dan pengurangan daun yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanpa penyiraman. Berdasarkan analisis regresi non linear, kecenderungan penurunan root shoot ratio, bobot kering tajuk, jumlah dan luas daun mulai terjadi setelah mencapai titik optimumnya pada interval penyiraman 6 hari sekali. Oleh karena itu, penyiraman 6 hari sekali merupakan interval ideal untuk mempertahankan pertumbuhan bibit teh klon GMB7 pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan saat proses adaptasi.
Kemampuan Bacillus subtilis dan Trichoderma harzianum dalam Campuran Serat Karbon dan Silika Nano untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Tanaman Padi Terhadap Penyakit Blas (Pyricularia oryzae)
Authors: Wartono Hersanti , Safitri Nurul , Djaya Luciana , Sianipar Martua Suhunan
Published: January 2021

Penyakit blas yang disebabkan Pyricularia oryzae merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman padi di Indonesia.  Pengendalian yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan penyakit blas ialah menggunakan agens biokontrol. Dalam penelitian ini bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan jamur Trichoderma harzianum diformulasikan dengan bahan pembawa berupa serat karbon dan diperkaya dengan unsur hara mikro berupa silika dalam ukuran nano. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kemampuan B. subtilis dan T. harzianum yang diaplikasikan secara tunggal maupun kombinasi, dengan dan tanpa campuran serat karbon dan silika nano, dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap penyakit blas. Pengujian pada tanaman padi dilakukan dengan merendam benih dan akar semai padi dalam delapan perlakuan formulasi. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi B. subtilis dan T. harzianum, baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi, mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap penyakit blas dengan penghambatan penyakit berkisar antara 15,64% - 21,59%. Selain itu, aplikasi tunggal maupun kombinasi B. subtilis dan T. harzianum yang diformulasikan dengan serat karbon dan silika nano mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap penyakit blas, dengan penghambatan penyakit berkisar antara 18,75% - 25,12%.
Analysis of Cinnamomum Land Suitability and The Conservation Efforts at Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden
Authors: Rahayu Ayyu
Published: January 2021

Cinnamomum is an aromatic plants that have high economic value. At the Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden Plant Conservation Center, the Cinnamomum collection has a problem, that is drought and deciduous leaves. The purpose of this study is to determine the land suitability class and climate of the growth of Cinnamomum collections. The method used is by matching the Cinnamomum growth conditions data to the actual data on the condition of the land. The results show that the level of land suitability for Cinnamomum collections is S3 (marginally suitable) with a limiting factor is water availability. Strategies that can be used to reduce the impact of excess water are water management and the application of organic matter.
Ekstrak Metanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Menekan Pertumbuhan Koloni Jamur Rhizoctonia oryzae dan Kejadian Penyakit Hawar Bibit Padi
Authors: Yulia Endah , Sari Elga , Sudarjat Sudarjat , Widiantini Fitri , Nurhelawati Ida
Published: January 2021

Penyakit bercak pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia oryzae merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman padi. Penyakit ini umumnya dikendalikan dengan menggunakan fungisida sintetik meskipun pengendalian cara ini dipercaya dapat memberikan efek negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Dalam upaya pengembangan pengendalian penyakit tanaman yang lebih ramah lingkungan, pemanfaatan bahan-bahan alami seperti tumbuhan sebagai pestisida nabati telah mendapat banyak perhatian pada saat ini. Tanaman binahong (Anredera cordifolia) telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional terutama di bidang kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan ekstrak metanol daun binahong dalam menekan pertumbuhan koloni jamur R. oryzae serta menekan perkembangan penyakit hawar bibit pada benih padi akibat infeksi R. oryzae. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL).  Pengujian penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni jamur R. oryzae dilakukan menggunakan teknik poisoned food dengan 7 perlakuan yaitu 5 konsentrasi ekstrak 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, dan 2%, serta perlakuan kontrol akuades steril dan fungisida propineb 0,3% yang diulang 4 kali. Pengujian pada benih dilakukan dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yang masing-masing terdiri atas 25 benih padi menggunakan teknik perendaman. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun binahong 2% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan koloni dan pembentukan sklerotia jamur R. oryzae serta mampu menekan kejadian penyakit akibat infeksi R. oryzae pada bibit padi dengan penekanan tertinggi sebesar 46,2%.
Kandungan Prolin, Klorofil, dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat Mutan IAA9 pada Kondisi Cekaman Suhu Tinggi
Authors: Suminar Erni , Mubarok Syariful , Nuraini Anne , Ezura Hiroshi , Fitriatin Fitri Widya
Published: January 2021

Cekaman suhu tinggi dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada kandungan prolin, klorofil tanaman tomat sehingga mempengaruhi produksi buah tomat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kandungan klorofil dan prolin sebagai respon fisiologi tanaman tomat mutan iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5, serta WT-MT terhadap kondisi cekaman suhu tinggi yaitu berkisar  40-45oC. Perlakuan terdiri dari tiga genotipe tomat asal introduksi dan masing-masing terdiri dari  12 unit tanaman, sedangkan analisis data hasil pengamatan menggunakan analisis Student’s T-Test. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua mutan tomat iaa9  yaitu mutan iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5 serta WT-MT sebagai kontrol yang diberi perlakuan kondisi cekaman suhu tinggi suhu berkisar 40-45 oC dimana rata-rata suhu maksimum 42,84 oC, sedangkan rata-rata suhu minimum yaitu 22.57 oC dan rata-rata kelembaban maksimum yaitu  82,84 % sedangkan rata-rata kelembaban minimum yaitu 61,57 %. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada mutan iaa9-5 memiliki kandungan prolin yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan WT-MT dan iaa9-3, sedangkan kandungan klorofil mutan iaa9-5 dan iaa9-3 lebih tinggi daripada WT-MT. Jumlah dan bobot buah pada mutan iaa9-5 lebih tinggi daripada mutan iaa9-3, sedangkan pada WT-MT mengalami kegagalan membentuk buah.