bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DGPRI, a new liver fibrosis assessment index, predicts recurrence of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Bolun , Xue Junshuai , Xu Bowen , Chang Jianping , Li Xin , Huang Zhen , Zhao Hong , Cai Jianqiang
Published: May 2024

Although patients with alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFPNHCC) have a favorable prognosis, a high risk of postoperative recurrence remains. We developed and validated a novel liver fibrosis assessment index, the direct bilirubin-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (DGPRI). DGPRI was calculated for each of the 378 patients with AFPNHCC who underwent hepatic resection. The patients were divided into high- and low-score groups using the optimal cutoff value. The Lasso-Cox method was used to identify the characteristics of postoperative recurrence, followed by multivariate Cox regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors associated with recurrence. A nomogram model incorporating the DGPRI was developed and validated. High DGPRI was identified as an independent risk factor (hazard ratio = 2.086) for postoperative recurrence in patients with AFPNHCC. DGPRI exhibited better predictive ability for recurrence 1–5 years after surgery than direct bilirubin and the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio. The DGPRI-nomogram model demonstrated good predictive ability, with a C-index of 0.674 (95% CI 0.621–0.727). The calibration curves and clinical decision analysis demonstrated its clinical utility. The DGPRI nomogram model performed better than the TNM and BCLC staging systems for predicting recurrence-free survival. DGPRI is a novel and effective predictor of postoperative recurrence in patients with AFPNHCC and provides a superior assessment of preoperative liver fibrosis.
A novel score for early prediction of urinary tract infection risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a nomogram-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Qinqin , Feng Pinpin , Zhu Jun , Wang Yunling , Zhou Xiaojuan , Xia Zhongni , Wang Danqing , He Yueyue , Wang Pei , Li Xiang
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to construct and externally validate a user-friendly nomogram-based scoring model for predicting the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A retrospective real-world cohort study was conducted on 1748 consecutive hospitalized patients with AIS. Out of these patients, a total of 1132 participants were ultimately included in the final analysis, with 817 used for model construction and 315 utilized for external validation. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to develop the model. The discriminative capacity, calibration ability, and clinical effectiveness of the model were evaluated. The overall incidence of UTIs was 8.13% (92/1132), with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent causative pathogen in patients with AIS. After multivariable analysis, advanced age, female gender, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥ 5, and use of urinary catheters were identified as independent risk factors for UTIs. A nomogram-based SUNA model was constructed using these four factors (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.810), which showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.788), calibration, and clinical utility in the external validation cohort. Based on four simple and readily available factors, we derived and externally validated a novel and user-friendly nomogram-based scoring model (SUNA score) to predict the risk of UTIs in patients with AIS. The model has a good predictive value and provides valuable information for timely intervention in patients with AIS to reduce the occurrence of UTIs.
Control of large amplitude limit cycle of a multi-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system of a composite cantilever beam
Authors: Sun Lin , Li Xu Dong , Liu Xiaopei
Published: May 2024

For the first time, a control strategy based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control is implemented in the control of a large amplitude limit cycle of a composite cantilever beam in a multi-dimensional nonlinear form. In the dynamic model establishment of the investigated structure, the higher-order shearing effect is applied, as well as the second-order discretization. Numerical simulation demonstrates that a multi-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system of the investigated structure is demanded for accurate estimation of large amplitude limit cycle responses. Therefore, a control strategy is employed to effectively suppress such responses of the beam in multi-dimensional nonlinear form.
Antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of curcumin and curcuminoids in SH-SY5Y cells infected by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Nicoliche Tiago , Bartolomeo Cynthia Silva , Lemes Robertha Mariana Rodrigues , Pereira Gabriela Cruz , Nunes Tamires Alves , Oliveira Rafaela Brito , Nicastro Arthur Luiz Miranda , Soares Érica Novaes , da Cunha Lima Brenno Fernandes , Rodrigues Beatriz Moreira , Maricato Juliana Terzi , Okuda Liria Hiromi , de Sairre Mirela Inês , Prado Carla Máximo , Ureshino Rodrigo Portes , Stilhano Roberta Sessa
Published: May 2024

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affects neuronal cells, causing several symptoms such as memory loss, anosmia and brain inflammation. Curcuminoids (Me08 e Me23) and curcumin (CUR) are derived from Curcuma Longa extract (EXT). Many therapeutic actions have been linked to these compounds, including antiviral action. Given the severe implications of COVID-19, especially within the central nervous system, our study aims to shed light on the therapeutic potential of curcuminoids against SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in neuronal cells. Here, we investigated the effects of CUR, EXT, Me08 and Me23 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. We observed that Me23 significantly decreased the expression of plasma membrane-associated transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and TMPRSS11D, consequently mitigating the elevated ROS levels induced by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, Me23 exhibited antioxidative properties by increasing NRF2 gene expression and restoring NQO1 activity following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both Me08 and Me23 effectively reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing ACE2 (SH-ACE2). Additionally, all of these compounds demonstrated the ability to decrease proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, while Me08 specifically reduced INF-γ levels. Our findings suggest that curcuminoid Me23 could serve as a potential agent for mitigating the impact of COVID-19, particularly within the context of central nervous system involvement.
Anomalous trends in global ocean carbon concentrations following the 2022 eruptions of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai
Authors: Franz Bryan A. , Cetinić Ivona , Ibrahim Amir , Sayer Andrew M.
Published: May 2024

We report on observed trend anomalies in climate-relevant global ocean biogeochemical properties, as derived from satellite ocean color measurements, that show a substantial decline in phytoplankton carbon concentrations following eruptions of the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in January 2022. The anomalies are seen in remotely-sensed ocean color data sets from multiple satellite missions, but not in situ observations, thus suggesting that the observed anomalies are a result of ocean color retrieval errors rather than indicators of a major shift in phytoplankton carbon concentrations. The enhanced concentration of aerosols in the stratosphere following the eruptions results in a violation of some fundamental assumptions in the processing algorithms used to obtain marine biogeochemical properties from satellite radiometric observations, and it is demonstrated through radiative transfer simulations that this is the likely cause of the anomalous trends. We note that any future stratospheric aerosol disturbances, either natural or geoengineered, may lead to similar artifacts in satellite ocean color and other remote-sensing measurements of the marine environment, thus confounding our ability to track the impact of such events on ocean ecosystems.
MISATO: machine learning dataset of protein–ligand complexes for structure-based drug discovery
Authors: Siebenmorgen Till , Menezes Filipe , Benassou Sabrina , Merdivan Erinc , Didi Kieran , Mourão André Santos Dias , Kitel Radosław , Liò Pietro , Kesselheim Stefan , Piraud Marie , Theis Fabian J. , Sattler Michael , Popowicz Grzegorz M.
Published: May 2024

Large language models have greatly enhanced our ability to understand biology and chemistry, yet robust methods for structure-based drug discovery, quantum chemistry and structural biology are still sparse. Precise biomolecule–ligand interaction datasets are urgently needed for large language models. To address this, we present MISATO, a dataset that combines quantum mechanical properties of small molecules and associated molecular dynamics simulations of ~20,000 experimental protein–ligand complexes with extensive validation of experimental data. Starting from the existing experimental structures, semi-empirical quantum mechanics was used to systematically refine these structures. A large collection of molecular dynamics traces of protein–ligand complexes in explicit water is included, accumulating over 170 μs. We give examples of machine learning (ML) baseline models proving an improvement of accuracy by employing our data. An easy entry point for ML experts is provided to enable the next generation of drug discovery artificial intelligence models.
Characterisation of a Japanese Encephalitis virus genotype 4 isolate from the 2022 Australian outbreak
Authors: Nguyen Wilson , Gyawali Narayan , Stewart Romal , Tang Bing , Cox Abigail L. , Yan Kexin , Larcher Thibaut , Bishop Cameron R. , Wood Nicholas , Devine Gregor J. , Suhrbier Andreas , Rawle Daniel J.
Published: May 2024

Human infections with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are a leading cause of viral encephalitis. An unprecedented outbreak of JEV genotype 4 was recently reported in Australia, with an isolate (JEVNSW/22) obtained from a stillborn piglet brain. Herein we conduct a thorough characterization of JEVNSW/22 in three different mouse strains and in human cortical brain organoids (hBOs), and determined the ability of JEVNSW/22 to be neutralized by sera from humans vaccinated with IMOJEV. JEVNSW/22 was less virulent than JEVFU (genotype 2) and JEVNakayama (genotype 3) in C57BL/6J mice and in interferon regulatory factor 7 deficient (Irf7−/−) mice, with infection of wild-type and knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts indicating JEVNSW/22 is more sensitive to type I interferon responses. Irf7−/− mice provide a new model for JEVNSW/22, showing higher viremia levels compared to C57BL/6J mice, and allowing for lethal neuroinvasive infection. All JEV strains were universally lethal in Ifnar−/− mice by day 3, with histological signs of brain hemorrhage, but no other lesions. There were no indications of brain infection in Ifnar−/− mice, with viral protein detected in blood vessels, but not neurons. All JEV isolates showed robust cytopathic infection of human cortical brain organoids, albeit lower for JEVNSW/22. IMOJEV vaccination in humans induced antibodies capable of neutralizing JEVNSW/22, although, for all JEV strains, cross-neutralization titers declined with increasing divergence from IMOJEV in the envelope amino acid sequences. Overall, our study establishes JEVNSW/22 mouse and hBO models of infection, allowing for possible lethal neuroinvasive infection in mice that was rarer than for other JEV genotypes. JEV vaccination regimens may afford protection against this newly emerged JEV genotype 4 strain, although neutralizing antibody responses are sub-optimal.
Bound polyphenols in insoluble dietary fiber of navel orange peel modulate LPS-induced intestinal-like co-culture inflammation through CSF2-mediated NF-κB/JAK-STAT pathway
Authors: Chang Xinxin , Zheng Bing , Guo Yue , Chen Yi , Xie Jianhua , Shan Jialuo , Wang Yudan , Xue Puyou , Hu Xiaoyi , Hu Xiaobo , Yu Qiang
Published: May 2024

The bound polyphenols in the insoluble dietary fiber of navel orange peel have good anti-inflammatory activity and could alleviate intestinal inflammation.
Toward microfluidic continuous-flow and intelligent downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Mottafegh Amirreza , Joo Jeong-Un , Kang Ji-Ho , Wang Lei , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: May 2024

The concept of miniaturized biopharmaceutical downstream processing with AI-controlled continuous flow platforms is described to overcome limitations of conventional processes, potentially accelerating the development of novel biotherapeutics.
A nonsolvolytic fluorine/LiNO3-containing electrolyte for stabilizing dynamic interfaces in Li||LiMn2O4 batteries
Authors: Tang Tian , Utomo Nyalaliska W. , Zheng J. X. Kent , Archer Lynden A.
Published: May 2024

Complementary characterization results show that chemical dissolution of transition metal in LiMn2O4 is caused by solvolysis-generated HF, which can be suppresed by rational design of a group of nonsolvolytic electrolytes.
Supramolecular assembly of amphiphilic platinum(ii) Schiff base complexes: diverse spectroscopic changes and nanostructures through rational molecular design and solvent control
Authors: Zhang Huilan , Chan Michael Ho-Yeung , Lam Jonathan , Chen Ziyong , Leung Ming-Yi , Wong Eric Ka-Ho , Wu Lixin , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: May 2024

Amphiphilic platinum(ii) Schiff base complexes self-assemble into highly ordered diverse nanostructures via directed cooperative assembly. The formation of Pt⋯Pt interactions has been supported by NCI analysis.
Enhancing antitumor immunity with stimulus-responsive mesoporous silicon in combination with chemotherapy and photothermal therapy
Authors: Chen Shuai , Huang Rui , Shen Feiyang , Wu Yijia , Lin Yao , Yang Xiaoyu , Shen Jianfeng , Fang Yan
Published: May 2024

DOX/MSN-4S@PDA-HA combined with photothermal and chemotherapy in tumor-bearing mice improves anti-tumor efficacy.
The meso-substituent electronic effect of Fe porphyrins on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: He Hongyuan , Qiu Zi-Yang , Yin Zhiyuan , Kong Jiafan , Dang Jing-Shuang , Lei Haitao , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: May 2024

The meso-substituents of Fe porphyrins play critical roles in regulating the electrocatalytic properties for CO2 reduction, showing significantly improved activity with increased electron-donating features of meso-substituents.
Synergistic dual sites of Zn–Mg on hierarchical porous carbon as an advanced oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Liu Mincong , Zhang Jing , Peng Yan , Guan Shiyou
Published: May 2024

Hierarchical porous carbon with dual sites of Zn–Mg exhibits excellent ORR activity and outstanding Zn–air battery performance.
Spin-crossover cobalt(ii) complexes exhibiting temperature- and concentration-dependent optical changes in solution
Authors: Izumiyama Naoki , Fujii Shun , Kato Kiichi , Tokunaga Ryuya , Hayami Shinya , Nakaya Manabu
Published: May 2024

Terpyridine-based cobalt(ii) complexes with dynamic amine substituents have been found to exhibit not only solid-state spin-crossover behavior but also spectral changes associated with spin-state change in various organic solvents.
Soma–Iwamoto-type SCO complex Fe(quinazoline)2[Au(CN)2]2 using the quinazoline-type ligand
Authors: Kitase Kosuke , Akahoshi Daisuke , Kitazawa Takafumi
Published: May 2024

We have synthesized Fe(quinazoline)2[Au(CN)2]2 (1). Complex 1 shows the Soma–Iwamoto-type bilayer and a spin-crossover (SCO) phenomenon. Mononuclear complex with a hydrogen-bonding network Fe(H2O)2(quinazoline)2[Au(CN)2]2 has also been obtained.
Triboelectric nanogenerators exhibiting ultrahigh charge density and energy density
Authors: Liu Xiaoru , Zhao Zhihao , Gao Yikui , Nan Yang , Hu Yuexiao , Guo Ziting , Qiao Wenyan , Wang Jing , Zhou Linglin , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: May 2024

Ultrahigh charge density (8.6 mC m−2) and energy density (0.808 J m−2 per cycle) are achieved in triboelectric nanogenerators by suppressing air breakdown via triboelectric polymer design.
Uniform nodule-like Ni3C/Ni heterostructure templated by metal–organic frameworks for high-performance overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Shumin , Zhang Yi , Deng Xiaoyang , Ma Zizai , Li Jinping , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: May 2024

Developing highly active and low-cost electrocatalysts for efficient water electrolysis is of great significance for energy and environment sustainability.
Understanding the impact of silica nanoparticles in cancer cells through physicochemical and biomolecular characterizations
Authors: Saorin Asia , Martinez-Serra Alberto , Paparoni-Bruzual Germán Jose , Crozzolin Michele , Lombardi Vincenzo , Back Michele , Riello Pietro , Monopoli Marco P. , Rizzolio Flavio
Published: May 2024

Study on the impact of silica nanoparticles on cancer cells using physicochemical and biomolecular characterization in different cell culture media to understand cellular responses.
“Seasoning” antimalarial drugs' action: chloroquine bile salts as novel triple-stage antiplasmodial hits
Authors: Silva Ana Teresa , Oliveira Isabel , Duarte Denise , Moita Diana , Prudêncio Miguel , Nogueira Fátima , Ferraz Ricardo , Marques Eduardo Figueira , Gomes Paula
Published: May 2024

Malaria is one of the “big three” global infectious diseases, with the heaviest toll on human lives in low-to-middle income countries. Cost-effective antimalarial drugs with multi-stage action remain an unmet and urgent need in global healthcare.
A comparative study on the synthesis and crystal structures of Ni(ii) complexes bearing tetradentate N2O2 donor Schiff bases: biomolecular interactions, cytotoxicities and molecular docking
Authors: İnci Özbağcı Duygu , İlkar Erdağı Sevinç , Aydın İpek , Aydın Rahmiye , Zorlu Yunus , Arı Ferda
Published: May 2024

As potential drug candidates N2O2-type tetradentate Schiff bases and their Ni(ii) complexes have been synthesized and investigated in vitro biomolecular (CT-DNA/BSA) interactions and biological activities.
Photocurable acylhydrazone covalent adaptable networks with fast dynamic exchange and tunable viscoelastic properties
Authors: Xu Yunsheng , Liu Chonglin , Zhao Yanying , Zhang Xianming , Hakkarainen Minna
Published: May 2024

Photo-curable vanillin-derived acylhydrazone-based covalent adaptable networks (CANs) were designed with tunable acylhydrazone exchange reactions and viscoelastic behavior.
Unprecedented associative exchange in CO2-sourced cyclic S,O-acetal-based covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Maes Stephan , Habets Thomas , Fischer Susanne M. , Grignard Bruno , Detrembleur Christophe , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: May 2024

An unexplored associative dynamic exchange reaction between CO2-sourced cyclic S,O-acetals and thiolates was investigated and utilized to create covalent adaptable networks suitable for the production of healable coatings.
Copper doping boosts the catalase-like activity of atomically precise gold nanoclusters for cascade reactions combined with urate oxidase in the ZIF-8 matrix
Authors: Wang Yi-Shu , Chen Yan , Dong Chen , Wang Zhao-Yang , Cai Jinmeng , Zhao Xueli , Mo Hui-Lin , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: May 2024

A biocompatible cascade system was constructed by integrating the merits of urate oxidase and atomically precise Au nanoclusters with tunable catalase-like activity in ZIF-8 for constructing potential drug delivery systems.
Modulating the Fe spin state in FeNC catalysts by Ru nanoparticles to facilitate the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Hou Jinfu , Jian Yongqi , Chen Chengjie , Zhang Dengke , Xie Fangyan , Chen Jian , Jin Yanshuo , Wang Nan , Yu Xiang , Meng Hui
Published: May 2024

FeNC is a promising non-precious metal catalyst that can replace platinum-based catalysts in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and zinc–air battery applications.
Microstructure and physical properties of black-aluminum antireflective films
Authors: Corrêa Cinthia Antunes , More-Chevalier Joris , Hruška Petr , Poupon Morgane , Novotný Michal , Minárik Peter , Hubík Pavel , Lukáč František , Fekete Ladislav , Prokop Dejan , Hanuš Jan , Valenta Jan , Fitl Přemysl , Lančok Ján
Published: May 2024

The microstructure and physical properties of reflective and black aluminum were compared for layers of different thicknesses deposited by magnetron sputtering on fused silica substrates.
Fabrication of bulk superhydrophobic wood by grafting porous poly(divinylbenzene) to wood structure using isocyanatoethyl methacrylate
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Liao Ruijia , Wang Kaiji , Zheng Miao , Li Hongji , Wang Rui , Liu Xiaorong , Dong Youming , Wang Kaili , Li Jianzhang
Published: May 2024

Robust bulk superhydrophobic wood with super abrasion resistance was prepared using graft copolymerization and solvothermal methods.
Application of PLS–NN model based on mid-infrared spectroscopy in the origin identification of Cornus officinalis
Authors: Liu Bing , Wang Junqi , Li Chaoning
Published: May 2024

The model proposed in this study has superior performance in the external test set.
Fluorene- and fluorenone-based molecules as electron-transporting SAMs for photovoltaic devices
Authors: Svirskaite Lauryna Monika , Kasparavičius Ernestas , Steponaitis Matas , Grzibovskis Raitis , Franckevičius Marius , Katerski Atanas , Naujokaitis Arnas , Karazhanov Smagul , Gopi Sajeesh Vadakkedath , Aizstrauts Arturs , Vembris Aivars , Getautis Vytautas , Malinauskas Tadas
Published: May 2024

New semiconductors containing fluorene or fluorenone central fragments along with phosphonic acid anchoring groups were synthesized and investigated as electron transporting materials for possible application in photovoltaic devices.
Synthesis and characterization of a green and recyclable arginine-based palladium/CoFe2O4 nanomagnetic catalyst for efficient cyanation of aryl halides
Authors: HajimohamadzadehTorkambour Sanaz , Nejad Masoumeh Jadidi , Pazoki Farzane , Karimi Farzaneh , Heydari Akbar
Published: May 2024

The utilization of magnetic nanoparticles in the fields of science and technology has gained considerable popularity.
Preparation and characterization of polydopamine and n-butyl methacrylate copolymer coatings on titanium–nickel alloy stents
Authors: Liu Yuanhui , Jin Guocheng , Miao Han , Xu Shiai
Published: May 2024

PBMA-b-PVP copolymer can improve the adhesion of PBMA homopolymer to TiNi alloys. The PDA coating enhances the corrosion resistance of TiNi alloys. The composite coating demonstrates excellent biocompatibility.
Portable hydroxyl-functionalized coal gangue-based cordierite porous ceramics sheets for effective adsorption of fluorine-containing wastewater
Authors: Wang Deyin , Guo Liming , Qiao Zhennan , Liu Hongwei , Zhang Yanlan , Wang Yongzhen
Published: May 2024

Portable hydroxyl-functionalized coal gangue-based cordierite porous ceramic sheets were prepared for treating fluorine-containing wastewater based on the composition characteristics of coal gangue solid waste (material-based directional design).
Investigation of the surface mechanical properties of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) reinforced PDMS nanocomposites using nanoindentation analysis
Authors: Ananthasubramanian Pavithra , Sahay Rahul , Raghavan Nagarajan
Published: May 2024

Functionalizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with different chemical functional groups directly enhances their chemical adhesion and dispersion in viscous polymeric resins such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) improving the overall surface mechanical properties of the composite.
Sulphur-atom positional engineering in perylenimide: structure–property relationships and H-aggregation directed type-I photodynamic therapy
Authors: Khatun Mst Nasima , Nandy Satyendu , Roy Hirakjyoti , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Kumar Sachin , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: May 2024

This work unveils an S-atom positional engineering strategy generating distinct condensed state emitters with high ΦPL of 0.85 in aqueous media, rare supramolecular assembly, specific type-I photosensitizers, and H-aggregation directed selective PDT.
Water-soluble densely functionalized poly(hydroxycarbonylmethylene) binder for higher-performance hard carbon anode-based sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Patra Amarshi , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: May 2024

A high-density carboxylic acid containing water-soluble polymer binder, poly(hydroxycarbonylmethylene), enhances the specific capacity, rate capability and initial coulombic efficiency of hard carbon electrode in sodium-ion batteries.
Engineering fast Ti electron channels to single-atom Fe for enhanced CO2photoreduction
Authors: Feng Wuyi , Zhu Pan , Li Shouyuan , Fu Jiantao , Niu Haoming , Ren Zhenyu , Liu Shoujie , Zheng Lirong , Zhao Di , Zhang Jiatao
Published: May 2024

We report, for the first time, the synthesis of Fe single atoms loaded on MXene for photocatalytic CO2reduction under gas–solid conditions. Fast Ti electron channels to single-atom Fe allow photogenerated electrons to localize around Fe sites, which enhances the CO2reduction.
Heterostructures made from bone-like plasmonic Au nanoantennas and ZnO quantum dots for broadband photodetectors
Authors: Liu Bingwu , Xie Xi , Feng Yuan , Chen Pu , Li Dong , Cheng Huan , Min Changjun , Zhang Qinglin , Hu Jiawen
Published: May 2024

The BLAuNAs/ZnO heterostructures not only improve the photoresponse to UV light but also extend the photoresponse to the visible light region due to the  plasmonic properties of BLAuNAs and their material nature.
Development of high-performance direct X-ray detector materials: from hybrid halide perovskites to all-inorganic lead-free perovskites
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Li Anfeng , Yang Manman , Hao Xia , Wu Lili , Su Rong , Zhang Jingquan
Published: May 2024

This review summaries the research progress of perovskite materials in X-ray detectors and provides ideas for the development of more environmentally friendly and higher-performance X-ray detectors.
Sausage, kink, and fluting magnetohydrodynamic wave modes identified in solar magnetic pores by Solar Orbiter/PHI
Authors: Jafarzadeh S. , Schiavo L. A. C. A. , Fedun V. , Solanki S. K. , Stangalini M. , Calchetti D. , Verth G. , Jess D. B. , Grant S. D. T. , Ballai I. , Gafeira R. , Keys P. H. , Fleck B. , Morton R. J. , Browning P. K. , Silva S. S. A. , Appourchaux T. , Gandorfer A. , Gizon L. , Hirzberger J. , Kahil F. , Orozco Suárez D. , Schou J. , Strecker H. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Valori G. , Volkmer R. , Woch J.
Published: May 2024

Solar pores are intense concentrations of magnetic flux that emerge through the solar photosphere. When compared to sunspots, they are much smaller in diameter and can therefore be affected and buffeted by neighbouring granular activity to generate significant magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave energy flux within their confines. However, observations of solar pores from ground-based telescope facilities may struggle to capture subtle motions that are synonymous with higher-order MHD wave signatures because of the seeing effects that are produced in the Earth’s atmosphere. Hence, we exploited timely seeing-free and high-quality observations of four small magnetic pores from the High Resolution Telescope (HRT) of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI) on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft during its first close perihelion passage in March 2022 (at a distance of 0.5 au from the Sun). Through acquisition of data under stable observing conditions, we were able to measure the area fluctuations and horizontal displacements of the solar pores. Cross correlations between perturbations in intensity, area, line-of-sight velocity, and magnetic fields, coupled with the first-time application of novel proper orthogonal decomposition techniques on the boundary oscillations, provided a comprehensive diagnosis of the embedded MHD waves as sausage and kink modes. Additionally, the previously elusive m = 2 fluting mode is identified in the most magnetically isolated of the four pores. An important consideration lies in how the identified wave modes contribute to the transfer of energy into the upper solar atmosphere. Approximately 56%, 72%, 52%, and 34% of the total wave energy of the four pores we examined is associated with the identified sausage modes and about 23%, 17%, 39%, and 49% with their kink modes, while the first pore also receives a contribution of about 11% linked to the fluting mode. This study reports the first-time identification of concurrent sausage, kink, and fluting MHD wave modes in solar magnetic pores.
Effect of Repolishing on Color Stability, Translucency, and Surface Roughness of Aged Monochromatic Dental Composites
Authors: Abdul-Monem Mohamed M. , Hussein Mohamed A. , Abdelrehim Mona G.
Published: May 2024

Objective This study aimed to test repolishing effect on color stability, translucency, and surface roughness of aged monochromatic dental composite in artificial saliva, tea, mouthwash, and coffee after 1 month, simulating 2.5 years of clinical use.

Materials and Methods Omnichroma, a monochromatic dental composite, and Z250 XT a nanohybrid multishade dental composite were used in this study. Specimens (n = 80) from each dental composite were prepared to determine color stability, translucency parameter, and surface roughness after repolishing of aged specimens in artificial saliva, tea, mouthwash, and coffee for 1 month. Scanning electron microscope and laser scanning microscope were used to study surface topography after repolishing. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance, Scheffe test, and independent t-test.

Results A significant difference between both dental composites after repolishing in terms of color stability and translucency parameter as that of Omnichroma was higher but sill color changes of Omnichroma were perceptible. There was no difference between both composites in regard to surface roughness after repolishing; however, values of both composites were above the accepted value of 0.2 µm and laser scanning microscope images confirmed these findings.

Conclusions Repolishing did not enhance color and surface roughness of aged monochromatic dental composites.
Graphene–fullerene heterostructures as robust and flexible nanomechanical bits
Authors: Xue Yixuan , Park Harold S. , Jiang Jin-Wu
Published: May 2024

Electrical computers have revolutionized society over the past several decades, but questions have remained about their ability to perform in extreme environments, such as their stability at high-temperature conditions. This has motivated the recent surge of interest in developing mechanical computing platforms at all length scales, including the nanoscale, in which traditional electrical computers are augmented with mechanical ones. However, the most proposed nanomechanical bits are volatile memory bits based on the dynamic response of nanomechanical resonators, and as such, there is a need to develop robust and reprogrammable entirely non-volatile nanomechanical bits. Here, we exploit the multiple quasi-stable configurations of the graphene/fullerene/graphene (GFG) van der Waals heterostructure to work as a novel nonvolatile nanomechanical bit. The GFG heterostructure is unique and robust in that it can return to its initial state without further mechanical input, it can be used for logic functions at relevant operating temperatures through simple application of uniaxial strain, it can exhibit reprogrammability between five basic logic gates (NOT, AND, NAND, OR, NOR) by varying the magnitude or direction of applied strain, and it can be used to represent combinatorial logic through full and half adders. These findings provide a new opportunity to develop mechanical computers based on the large class of nanomaterials.
Preparation and properties of a new high-energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride system energy exchanger electrothermal pyrogenant
Authors: Zhou Mi , Li Ming , Lei Jie , Li Jiao , Meng Qingying , Wang Yin , Tong Honghai , Diwu Minjie , Yin Guofu
Published: May 2024

In order to improve the safety and energy exchange efficiency of electric thermal pyrotechnic devices, a new energy exchange element technology of high energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride ceramic was explored by taking advantage of the high thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride ceramic materials. High-temperature co-fired ceramics were used to prepare the new system energy exchangers, and the prototype of the new system energy exchanger of high-energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride was obtained. Through infrared microscopic test and ignition performance test, the new system energy exchanger of high-energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride can satisfy the 1A1W5min non-ignition test, and the ignition current of 50% is 2.80 A. The response current of 99.9% is 3.54 A, and the response current of 0.1% is 2.06 A, which provides technical support for the application of a new type of passivated electric thermal pyrogenic product.
Flash melting amorphous ice
Authors: Mowry Nathan J. , Krüger Constantin R. , Bongiovanni Gabriele , Drabbels Marcel , Lorenz Ulrich J.
Published: May 2024

Water can be vitrified if it is cooled at high rates, which makes it possible to outrun crystallization in so-called no man’s land, a range of deeply supercooled temperatures where water crystallizes rapidly. Here, we study the reverse process in pure water samples by flash melting amorphous ice with microsecond laser pulses. Time-resolved electron diffraction reveals that the sample transiently crystallizes despite a heating rate of more than 5 × 106 K/s, even though under the same conditions, vitrification can be achieved with a similar cooling rate of 107 K/s. Moreover, we observe different crystallization kinetics for amorphous solid water and hyperquenched glassy water. These experiments open up new avenues for elucidating the crystallization mechanism of water and studying its dynamics in no man’s land. They also add important insights into the laser melting and revitrification processes that are integral to the emerging field of microsecond time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy.
Mechanically induced optical loss mechanism due to thermal expansion coefficient mismatch in micro-cavities with all-around stressor layers
Authors: Al-Attili Abdelrahman Z. , Burt Daniel , Rahman Tasmiat , Li Zuo , Higashitarumizu Naoki , Gardes Frederic Y. , Ishikawa Yasuhiko , Saito Shinichi
Published: May 2024

Various excitation-induced loss mechanisms have been identified during the development of direct-gap semiconductor lasers. Recently, indirect-gap laser sources, particularly germanium (Ge) or GeSn based, have emerged due to silicon industry compatibility. Tensile strain is crucial for optical gain or low-threshold room-temperature operation in such media. This study investigates an excitation-induced optical loss mechanism of mechanical origin in Ge-based micro-cavities with all-around stressor layers, a popular platform for strain-engineered laser sources. Using Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and simulations, we find that excitation lowers the optical gain by altering the strain profile. Heating causes Ge micro-cavities to expand within a constraining stressor layer, inducing compressive strain, which is explained by the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients.
Impact of defect concentration on piezoelectricity in Mn/Fe-doped KTN crystals
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Wang Yu , Xing Bohan , Jin Xinyu , Liu Mingxuan , Ruan Jinyu , Wen Xing , Tan Peng , Tian Hao
Published: May 2024

Defect engineering via doping exhibits considerable potential for improving the performance of environment-friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials. Owing to the susceptibility to lattice vibrations and the micro-local chemical environment, the readily available Mn/Fe transition metal elements (TMEs) facilitate the construction of defect structures. However, the role of TMEs in shaping the domain structures and the corresponding promotional mechanism of piezoelectricity need to be further decoded. Herein, we propose the different influence mechanisms of Mn and Fe ions on the ferroelectric domain and piezoelectric properties. Different concentrations of (MnNb/Ta′-VO••)• and (FeNb/Ta″-VO••)× defect dipoles are obtained based on the synergy of Mn/Fe ions with oxygen vacancies. Diverse ferroelectric behaviors resulting from (MnNb/Ta′-VO••)• and (FeNb/Ta″-VO••)× defect dipoles are observed. Furthermore, the variation of the dielectric diffusiveness with the defect dipole concentration is investigated. Trace concentration of (MnNb/Ta′-VO••)• generates strong diffusiveness. With the characterization of the ferroelectric domain, this strong diffusiveness is attributed to the lattice-like domain structure. Thereafter, the mechanisms of Mn/Fe defect dipoles on the formation of domain structures are clarified. Macroscopically, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties are measured with Mn/Fe ion components. Trace Mn doping and the resulting lattice-like domain significantly enhance the piezoelectric coefficient, resulting in an increase of nearly 50% for K(Ta,Nb)O3 single crystals. This work highlights the tremendous potential of TME-induced defect dipoles for modifying the ferroelectric domain and provides a reference paradigm for improving piezoelectricity through defect engineering.
The electronic structure and magnetic properties of stable Sr2BB′O5 (B = Fe, Co, Ni and B′ = Co, Ni, Mn) with the brownmillerite structure
Authors: Huang Zhiqing , Chen Zaibing , Li Xin , Zhao Zhenjie , Xie Wenhui
Published: May 2024

First-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Sr2BB′O5 (B = Fe, Co, Ni; B′ = Co, Ni, Mn) brownmillerite materials. By considering the atomic arrangements and the tetrahedral rotated modes, including typical magnetic configurations, the ground states are found by comparing their total energy. The thermodynamic and dynamic stability studies revealed that two compounds, Sr2FeCoO5 and Sr2NiMnO5, could be stable in the brownmillerite structure. Further electronic structure calculations show that the ground state of Sr2FeCoO5 is a G-AFM insulator, while the ground state of Sr2NiMnO5 is an A-AFM half-metal with a half-metallic bandgap of about 1 eV, exhibiting excellent half-metallic properties. In addition, the magnetic interactions are analyzed, which suggest that Sr2FeCoO5 could suffer from the influence of the B-site atomic disorder to maintain the G-AFM state, while Sr2NiMnO5 is more sensitive to atomic disorder, so its A-AFM state would be easily destroyed by the B-site disorder. These results would be helpful for further research.
Keeping accurate time while on the ocean
Authors: Sieben Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Researchers use iodine to design smaller optical clocks for uses outside the laboratory.
Regional differences in the air–sea CO2 flux between 3 and 14°S in the south-western tropical Atlantic
Authors: Guimarães Lucas Medeiros , Montes Manuel J. Flores , Lefèvre Nathalie
Published: May 2024

Context The fugacity of surface-seawater CO2 (fCO2sw) and the sea–air CO2 fluxes in the south-western tropical Atlantic (SWTA) were studied to increase the knowledge about the carbon cycle in this region. Aims This paper aims to describe the distribution of fCO2sw in SWTA. Methods The fCO2sw was measured from 2008 to 2020 by volunteer merchant ships with an onboard system that measures pCO2 while the vessels were underway. Key results Higher values occurred north of 8°S than in the region south of 8°S. The north is a strong source of CO2 for the atmosphere, with an annual mean value of 3.14 ± 0.52 mmol m−2 day−1. The south is a weaker source of CO2, with an annual average of 0.93 ± 0.90 mmol m−2 day−1. In the months of July and August, a weak sink of CO2 was observed, with a mean of −0.55 mmol m−2 day−1. Conclusions and implications The differences between these two regions are explained by the origin of the surface-water masses encountered along the ship track. The central branch of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) transports surface water, with a higher CO2 concentration and lower salinity, north of 8°S, whereas the surface waters between 8 and 14°S come from the southern branch of the SEC. The intertropical convergence zone is another physical process influencing the region north of 8°S.
Sensory transduction in auditory hair cells—PIEZOs can’t touch this
Authors: Holt Jeffrey R. , Fettiplace Robert , Müller Ulrich
Published: May 2024

In this Viewpoint, Holt, Fettiplace, and Müller weigh the evidence supporting a role for PIEZO and TMC channels in mechanosensory transduction in inner ear hair cells.
Security augmenting of optical cryptosystem based on linear canonical transform domain using a full phase encoding technique
Authors: Mohammed Emad A , Qasim Israa M
Published: May 2024

For the purpose of alleviating the vulnerability of double random phase encryption system in the linear canonical transform domain, a novel approach for optical security and cryptographic systems is presented. This proposed system uses a fully phase encoding technique to augment the security of encryption system in the linear canonical transform. The first step in this system involves phase encoding of the initial amplitude image to be ciphered and then modulated by the phase masks. The decryption process of image is the reversal operation of the encryption method. The effectiveness and sensitivity of our proposed cryptosystem for the encryption secret keys are verified. The resistance of our method against occlusion attacks is investigated. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the fully phase-based optical cryptosystem is more secure and robust than the amplitude-based scheme in a linear canonical domain.
Tuning the potentials of aluminum phosphide nanotube photocatalyst for wastewater treatment through band gap engineering: a DFT study
Authors: Saadu Itas Yahaya , Razali Razif , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Boukhris Imed
Published: May 2024

The photocatalytic properties of semiconductor materials, which are controllable through the design of the bandgap structure, make them a promising catalyst for wastewater treatment. This work investigated the photocatalytic properties of single-walled aluminum phosphide nanotube (SWAlPNT) doped with different concentrations of boron (B) atoms for wastewater treatment. Analysis of the structural, electronic and optical properties of the SWAlPNT photocatalyst was performed using the density functional theory approach in terms of plane wave basis set and pseudopotential. SWAlPNT was found to be stable to B doping with 3.6% and 7.1% concentrations. The obtained formation energy values of 12.33 eV, 12.00 eV and 11.98 eV and also cohesive energies of −0.82, eV, −0.75 eV and 0.79 eV for pristine, 3.6% and 7.1% B-doped SWAlPNTs, revealed the systems’ well mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities. Results also revealed that cohesive energy decreases with an increase in concentration of B dopant, which significantly enhances efficient thermal stability. Electronic band gap calculations revealed that pristine SWAlPNT demonstrated a direct band gap value of 0.2 eV. Due to B doping, an indirect band gap value of 1.4 eV was obtained with 3.6% B-doped SWAlPNT, which agreed well with band gaps of other photocatalysts used for wastewater purification. Analysis using optical absorption spectra revealed that 3.6% B-doped system absorbs visible light while 7.1% doped system absorbs both visible and ultraviolet light. This study found both 3.6% and 7.1% B-doped SWAlPNT as suitable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment under solar irradiation, with the 3.6% B-doped system demonstrating relatively better performance for wastewater treatment.
Balanced travelling-wave parametric amplifiers for practical applications
Authors: Longden J C , Navarro Montilla J , Tan B-K
Published: May 2024

The development of superconducting travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) over the past decade has highlighted their potential as low-noise amplifiers for use in fundamental physics experiments and industrial applications. However, practical challenges, including signal-idler contamination, complex pump injection and cancellation, impedance mismatch, and the reciprocal nature of the device, have made it challenging to deploy TWPAs in real-world applications. In this paper, we introduce an innovative solution to these issues through phase-controlled balanced-TWPA architectures. These architectures involve placing two TWPAs in parallel between a pair of broadband couplers. By carefully controlling the phases of the tones propagating along the TWPAs, we can effectively separate the signal and idler tones, as well as the pump(s), using a straightforward injection and cancellation mechanism. The balanced-TWPA architecture offers versatility and flexibility, as it can be reconfigured either intrinsically or externally to suit different application needs. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the working principles of the balanced-TWPA, including various configurations designed to meet diverse application requirements. We also present the expected gain-bandwidth products in comparison to traditional TWPAs and conduct tolerance analysis to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the balanced-TWPA architecture. By addressing the practical challenges associated with TWPAs, the balanced-TWPA architecture represents a promising advancement in the field, offering a more practical and adaptable solution for a wide range of applications.
Geodesic structure, shadow and optical appearance of black hole immersed in Chaplygin-like dark fluid
Authors: Li Xiang-Qian , Yan Hao-Peng , Yue Xiao-Jun , Zhou Shi-Wei , Xu Qiang
Published: May 2024

In this study, we focus on a black hole immersed in a cosmological Chaplygin-like dark fluid (CDF), characterized by the equation of state p = -B/ρ and an additional parameter q influencing the energy density of the fluid. We investigate the geodesic structure, shadow, and optical appearance of such a black hole. Through analysis on the effective potential and the epicyclic frequencies, it is found that the existence of innermost/outermost stable circular orbits for a timelike particle is governed by the CDF parameters. The behaviors of the orbital conserved quantities and Keplerian frequency are also examined. Due to the existence of pseudo-cosmological horizon, the determination of the shadow radius depends significantly on the position of the observer. By placing the static observer at an approximately flat position between the event and pseudo-cosmological horizons, we constrain the CDF parameters using EHT observations. We investigate the effect of CDF on the shadows and optical images of the black hole, surrounded by various profiles of accretions. For the thin disk accretion, the light trajectories are categorized into direct emission, lensing ring, and photon ring based on impact parameters. Due to the existence of outermost stable circular orbits, outer edges could exist in the direct and lensing ring images. The observed brightness is mainly due to direct emission, with a minor contribution from the lensing ring, while the contribution from the photon ring is negligible due to extreme demagnetization. In the case of spherical accretion, we consider both static and infalling accretion models. The images obtained under infalling accretion are slightly darker than those under static accretion, attributed to the Doppler effect. Throughout the study, we analyze the influence of the parameters B and q on the results.