bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the Askja caldera July 2014 landslide, Iceland, from seismic signal analysis: precursor, motion and aftermath
Authors: Schöpa Anne , Chao Wei-An , Lipovsky Bradley , Hovius Niels , White Robert S. , Green Robert G. , Turowski Jens M.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Using data from a network of 58 seismic stations, we characterise a large landslide that occurred at the southeastern corner of the Askja caldera, Iceland, on 21 July 2014, including its precursory tremor and mass wasting aftermath. Our study is motivated by the need for deeper generic understanding of the processes operating not only at the time of catastrophic slope failure, but also in the preparatory phase and during the transient into the subsequent stable state. In addition, it is prompted by the high hazard potential of the steep caldera lake walls at Askja as tsunami waves created by the landslide reached famous tourist spots 60 m above the lake level. Since direct observations of the event are lacking, the seismic data give valuable details on the dynamics of this landslide episode. The excellent seismic data quality and coverage of the stations of the Askja network made it possible to jointly analyse the long- and short-period signals of the landslide to obtain information about the triggering, initiation, timing, and propagation of the slide. The seismic signal analysis and a landslide force history inversion of the long-period seismic signals showed that the Askja landslide was a single, large event starting at the SE corner of the caldera lake at 23:24:05 UTC and propagating to the NW in the following 2 min. The bulk sliding mass was 7–16 × 1010 kg, equivalent to a collapsed volume of 35–80 × 106 m3, and the centre of mass was displaced horizontally downslope by 1260 ± 250 m during landsliding. The seismic records of stations up to 30 km away from the landslide source area show a tremor signal that started 30 min before the main landslide failure. It is harmonic, with a fundamental frequency of 2.5 Hz and shows time-dependent changes of its frequency content. We attribute the complex tremor signal to accelerating and decelerating stick-slip motion on failure planes at the base and the sides of the landslide body. The accelerating motion culminated in aseismic slip of the landslide visible as a drop in the seismic amplitudes down to the background noise level 2 min before the landslide high-energy signal begins. We propose that the seismic signal of the precursory tremor may be developed as an indicator for landslide early-warning systems. The 8 hours after the main landslide failure are characterised by smaller slope failures originating from the destabilised caldera wall decaying in frequency and magnitude. We introduce the term afterslides for this subsequent, declining slope activity after a large landslide.
A classification algorithm for selective dynamical downscaling of precipitation extremes
Authors: Meredith Edmund P. , Rust Henning W. , Ulbrich Uwe
Published: December 2017

Abstract. High-resolution climate data [O(1 km)] at the catchment scale can be of great value to both hydrological modellers and end users, in particular for the study of extreme precipitation. Despite the well-known advantages of dynamical downscaling for producing quality high-resolution data, the added value of dynamically downscaling to O(1 km) resolutions can often not be realised due to the prohibitive computational expense. Here we present a novel and flexible classification algorithm for discriminating between days with an elevated potential for extreme precipitation over a catchment and days without, so that dynamical downscaling to convection-permitting resolution can be selectively performed on high-risk days only, drastically reducing total computational expense compared to continuous simulations; the classification method can be applied to climate model data or reanalyses. Using observed precipitation and the corresponding synoptic-scale circulation patterns from reanalysis, characteristic extremal circulation patterns are identified for the catchment via a clustering algorithm. These extremal patterns serve as references against which days can be classified as potentially extreme, subject to additional tests of relevant meteorological variables in the vicinity of the catchment. Applying the classification algorithm to reanalysis, the set of potential extreme days (PEDs) contains well below 10 % of all days, though includes essentially all extreme days; applying the algorithm to reanalysis-driven regional climate simulations over Europe (12 km resolution) shows similar performance and the subsequently dynamically downscaled simulations (2 km resolution) well reproduce the observed precipitation statistics of the PEDs from the training period. Additional tests on continuous 12- and 2 km resolution historical and future (RCP8.5) climate simulations show the algorithm again reducing the number of days to simulate by over 90 % and performing consistently across climate regimes. The downscaling framework we propose represents a computationally inexpensive means of producing high-resolution climate data, focused on extreme precipitation, at the catchment scale, while still retaining the advantages of the physically-based dynamical downscaling approach.
The Persistence of Utopia: Plasticity and Difference from Roland Barthes to Catherine Malabou
Authors: Wagner-Lawlor Jennifer A.
Published: December 2017

The theorizing of utopia is a persistent theme throughout several generations of the French continental tradition, and alongside the process theory of Alfred North Whitehead to a large degree recuperates the concept of utopia from its supposed dismissal by Marx and his intellectual descendants. Most recently, attention to the notion of plasticity, popularized (relatively speaking) by Catherine Malabou, extends speculation on utopian possibility.  Compelled to answer to Marx’s denigration of utopia as fantasy, the tendency was (still is, for many) to compensate for the absence of a programmatic politics by stressing what is “useful” about utopian dreaming, and therefore where or how exactly a utopian text reveals or creates political drive, or motivates political action. In this essay, I argue that theorists have overlooked the use of utopia as not only the reproduction of difference, or what Malabou calls positive plasticity, but also as, therefore, a disruption; Malabou might prefer the term accident here. Tracing the concept of plasticity from Roland Barthes to Malabou, with a nod at Miguel Abensour, this essay teases out the links between a contemporary notion of plasticity to argue, simply put, that utopia is plastic. This plasticity of the concept ensures its political force. These links, obscured in the essay “Plastic,” Barthes makes only later in his writing. But for Malabou, plasticity underlies a principle of futurity and/as generativity, such that new forms, new meanings, new concepts emerge through difference. Utopia’s horizons of potentiality depend on difference, and on non-achievement. Finally, I argue that the persistence of utopia (Abensour) as a form of thinking is the most important, and political, effect of utopian plasticity.
Introduction: Forum on Creolizing Theory
Authors: Gordon Lewis R.
Published: December 2017

This introduction outlines why the author assembled a community of scholars with the task not of commenting on Jane Anna Gordon’s work on creolizing political theory but instead placing it in dialogue with their own.   The idea is that the value of theory depends also on the extent to which it could be engaged as a communicative practice with other theories dedicated to a shared concern.  In this case, it is scholars committed to thought devoted to concerns of dignity, freedom, and liberation as well as the critical question of the ultimate value of doing theoretical work.
QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA E DO LEITE EM PROPRIEDADES LEITEIRAS DO PLANALTO NORTE DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Voges Joana Gerent , Felipus Nadine Cristina , Machado Reche Natália Luiza , D’Ovídio Loredana , Silva Kazama Daniele Cristina da , Thaler Neto André
Published: December 2017

O estudo objetivou avaliar os fatores que influenciam na qualidade do leite de propriedades da agricultura familiar no Planalto Norte Catarinense e identificar a qualidade da água utilizada na higienização dos equipamentos de ordenha. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em propriedades leiteiras do Planalto Norte Catarinense visitadas no inverno de 2013 e no verão de 2014, caracterizadas por meio de um questionário guia semi-estruturado. Nas amostras de leite foi realizada análise de contagem bacteriana total, contagem de células somáticas e contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas. Nas amostras de água foram realizadas as seguintes análises microbiológicas: Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35ºC, aeróbios mesófilos e contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas. Os dados foram avaliados por análise fatorial. O manejo de ordenha influenciou a qualidade microbiológica do leite, porém a estrutura da propriedade exerceu pouca influência. Em 84% das propriedades a água que abastecia a produção era a mesma que abastecia a casa da família. As concentrações dos diferentes indicadores de qualidade microbiológica da água analisados estão relacionadas entre si, assim como as concentrações dos indicadores de qualidade do leite. Entretanto, a qualidade da água utilizada nas propriedades leiteiras não tem relação com a qualidade do leite e é influenciada pela precipitação pluviométrica.
MODELO DE FOMENTO FLORESTAL NAS INSTITUIÇÕES ESTADUAIS NOS ESTADOS DO SUL, SÃO PAULO E MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Eisfeld Rozane De Loyola , Socher Luis Gustavo , Ribeiro Corina Carril
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar estratégias de fo­mento florestal adotadas pelas instituições públicas nos estados do Sul, São Paulo e Minas Gerais, além de analisar as linhas de cré­dito disponíveis para o setor e as dificuldades para acessá-las. Para tal fim, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico dessas informa­ções e entrevistas in loco com os técnicos de cada instituição. Na análise das linhas de crédito, conclui-se que o país avançou consi­deravelmente na quantidade e na diversidade de linhas, com re­cursos, taxas e tempo de carência adequados. A análise dos pro­gramas de fomento mostrou um modelo de fomento completo para o Paraná, contendo cinco treinamentos e assistência técnica, desde a elaboração de projeto para o financiamento até a venda da madeira para o mercado. Em Santa Catarina, o modelo de fo­mento é restrito em assistência técnica de plantio e na elaboração de projeto para financiamento. No Rio Grande do Sul, o modelo de fomento é bastante incipiente, o qual ocorre só por iniciativa das prefeituras. Em São Paulo existe pouca interferência dos ór­gãos estaduais, com modelos de fomento restrito entre produto­res e empresas florestais. Minas Gerais foi o único estado que apresentou diversos programas de fomento, os quais divergem conforme as necessidades de cada produtor (fomento ambiental ou de produção), além de ser o único que possibilita distribuir in­sumos e ter programa específico para recuperação de áreas de­gradadas com espécies nativas. Com anos de tradição em fomento florestal, Minas Gerais é estado que apresentou a estratégia de fomento mais completa.
INVENTÁRIO DE EMISSÕES DE GÁS DE EFEITO ESTUFA EM EMPRESA DE BASE FLORESTAL
Authors: Tosato Jéssica Priscila , Pelissari Allan Libanio
Published: December 2017

A elaboração do inventário de emissões é o primeiro passo para que uma empresa contribua para a minimização das mudanças climáticas, uma vez que, a partir do diagnóstico obtido pelo inventário, a organização estabelece estratégias e metas para redução e para gestão das emissões de gases efeito estufa (GEE), empenhando-se na solução desse problema. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi obter o balanço entre as emissões e o sequestro de GEE pelos plantios de Eucalyptus sp. de uma empresa de base florestal. Para isso, quantificou-se o carbono emitido pelas operações florestais, desde a produção das mudas até o transporte dos toretes para a fábrica, bem como o carbono sequestrado pelos plantios florestais, e comparou-se com o ano base de 2015. A metodologia adotada para a quantificação das emissões baseiou-se nas especificações do IPCC. Considerando o balanço entre a captura e as emissões no sistema estudado conclui-se que 8,8% do CO2eq. removido foi efetivamente armazenado pelos plantios (255.394,38 t), contribuindo positivamente para a redução do efeito estufa. Além disso, as emissões de CO2eq. reduziram em 2016 (20.036,08 t CO2eq.), quando comparado ao ano base de 2015 (25.624,65 t CO2eq.).
MODELAGEM DA ALTURA DE Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS
Authors: Cerqueira Clebson Lima , Môra Rômulo , Corrêa Lenzi Italo Luiz , Drescher Ronaldo , Lima Edberto Moura , Lisboa Gerson Dos Santos , De Jesus França Luciano Cavalcante
Published: December 2017

Apesar do Pinus ser um gênero nativo do hemisfério norte, sua introdução nas regiões equatoriais ocorre gradativamente desde as últimas décadas, demonstrando sua capacidade de adaptabilidade e rusticidade. Devido sua importância comercial, se faz necessário o estudo de modelos para estimativa de variáveis dendrométricas. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo ajustar e avaliar modelos tradicionais de relação hipsométrica e verificar o efeito de dois espaçamentos (2,5 m x 2,5 m e 2,0 m x 2,5 m) no ajuste das equações sobre um povoamento de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis no município de Vilhena, Rondônia. A partir das variáveis dendrométricas de 405 árvores mensuradas, ajustou-se seis modelos estatísticos lineares e não lineares de relação hipsométricas. N avaliação dos modelos, analisou-se a influência do espaçamento na relação hipsométrica por meio do teste de identidade de modelos. As equações ajustadas apresentaram coeficiente de determinação ajustado de 0,32 a 0,57 e erro padrão médio em percentagem de 10,3% a 14,2%. As análises gráficas demonstraram que o modelo logístico proporciona estimativas mais acuradas para predição da altura total nos diferentes tratamentos, ao passo que o teste de identidade de modelos realizados nos tratamentos agrupados apresentou resultados significativos, não sendo recomendado o ajuste de um modelo global para todo o conjunto de dados.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS COMUNS EM ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA
Authors: Dos Santos Lais Silva , Ribeiro Ícaro José Santos , Boery Eduardo Nagib , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira
Published: December 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida e transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de medicina da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia campus de Jequié. Estudo de corte transversal desenvolvido com 115 estudantes (61 homens e 54 mulheres) durante o segundo semestre de 2016. A prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns foi de 32,2% (n=37). O menor domínio da qualidade de vida entre os indivíduos com transtornos mentais comuns foi o meio ambiente com mediana de 56,4 (IQ 46,9-68,8), seguido pelo psicológico 56,9 (IQ 50-66,6); físico 57,1 (IQ 46,6-67,8); e relações sociais 65,5 (IQ 50-83,3). Vislumbra-se que a totalidade dos domínios da qualidade de vida foram reduzidos em indivíduos com suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns, tendo o modelo final da regressão evidenciado os domínios físico e psicológico como fator de proteção para os mesmos.
This Book or That Book? A Book Selection Study, Book Selection Checklist, and How Educators Can Select Books That Engage Young Readers of Color and Possibly Improve Reading Achievement
Authors: Dawkins Beth Kara
Published: December 2017

This study examined book selection strategies of young African American and Latino readers from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with the intent of uncovering the content of books these students find interesting and engaging. Students’ book selections may indicate the book content young readers find interesting; and numerous studies indicate that reading interest is connected to reading engagement, reading amount and reading achievement (Guthrie & Wigfield, 2000). As national achievement data show, African American and Latino students, and individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are scoring below level in reading (NAEP, 2009; 2011), and the ultimate goal of this inquiry is to gain insight towards improving literacy achievement and closing the reading achievement gap for these students. A mixed-methods study- qualitative and quantitative- was conducted with 160 kindergarten students from a school district in the Southern region of the United States, and informing the study is a prior international experience in the country of Albania, Eastern Europe. Results indicated that students select books that contain well-developed story content as well as culturally-relevant content, and emerging from the study is a book selection checklist that educators can use to select quality literature for young readers.
Using an “Escape Room” toolbox approach to enhance pharmacology education
Authors: Hermanns Melinda , Deal Belinda , Campbell Ann M. , Hillhouse Shawn , Opella J. Brian , Faigle Casey , Campbell IV Robert H.
Published: December 2017

Background: Faculty are encouraged to use a variety of teaching/learning strategies to engage nursing students. While simulation and games are now common, there were no reports in the nursing literature using an “escape room” concept. Escape rooms use an entertainment approach as teams engage in critical thinking to solve puzzles and find clues to escape a room. In the classroom setting, this concept is modified to solve a mystery by finding various objects through a series of puzzles to locate clues. Some of these games involve finding numerical clues to open locks on a box, such as a toolbox. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of a toolbox gaming strategy based on an escape room concept to help students learn about cardiovascular medications in a pharmacology course.Methods: This pilot study employed a descriptive qualitative method to investigate an approach to pharmacology education. The sample consisted of first semester nursing students.Results: Student responses to criteria-based questions resulted in three themes: engaging, teamwork, and frustration, related to using a toolbox scenario strategy as a pathway to learning.Conclusions: This descriptive study yielded mixed results from the students who were frustrated by time constraints but engaged in the learning experience. Lessons are offered for future improvements.
Non-Legal Considerations in the Reasoning of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Zajac Kacper
Published: December 2017

Non-Legal Considerations in the Reasoning of the European Court of Human Rights

This article discusses the role of non-legal considerations in the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. First, it considers what legal instruments are available to the Court in interpreting the Convention Rights and why such instruments came to being in the first place. Second, the article identifies what types of non-legal considerations are taken into account by the Court and what impact they have on the Court’s decision-making process. The article argues that the Court pays considerable attention to such considerations and, in certain circumstances, it deploys available legal instruments, such as the margin of appreciation doctrine or fair balance test, to give those non-legal considerations a legal pretence. The article concludes that the importance of the non-legal factors in the decision-making process can be attributed to the vulnerable position of the European Court of Human Rights vis-à-vis the contracting states.
Effectiveness of a strength training program for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: feasibility study
Authors: Andrade Alexandro , Vilarino Guilherme Torres , Liz Carla Maria de , Steffens Ricardo De Azevedo Klumb
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a disease characterized by chronic pain; it is a syndrome with an unknown cause and has no cure. Objective: Examine the feasibility of a strength training program in patients with FM. Methods: Fortyseven patients from general community were allocated into two groups: strength training group and control group. The patients underwent strength training performed three times per week for eight weeks. We used the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale to obtain data. Results: After eight weeks of strength training, there was a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.00) and stress (p = 0.02). No changes were found in the variables analyzed in the control group pre- and post-test. Conclusions: The practice of strength training is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of fibromyalgia patients.
Efeitos de um salgante isento de sódio sobre marcadores sanguíneos bioquímicos hepáticos, renais e cardíacos de ratos normo e hipertensos
Authors: Menezes-Rodrigues Francisco Sandro , Ferraz Renato Ribeiro Nogueira , Oliveira Alex Sandro Felisberto , Silva Marcos José da , Bergantin Leandro Bueno , Ambrósio Ricardo Thiago Paniza , Fantoni Alessandra De Oliveira , De Paula Luciana , Errante Paolo Ruggero , Serinolli Mário Ivo , Caricati-Neto Afonso
Published: December 2017

Introduo: A hipertenso arterial um dos fatores de risco para doenas cardiovasculares, estando diretamente associada ao elevado consumo de sdio. Objetivo: Avaliar os nveis de marcadores de leso heptica, renal e cardaca em ratos hipertensos comparados aos seus controles normotensos, tratados com um salgante isento de sdio, gua ou NaCl. Mtodos: Ratos hipertensos (SHR) e seus controles normotensos (NWR) foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=7): G1 (gua); G2 (soluo aquosa contendo NaCl 70 mg/kg/dia); G3 (soluo aquosa contendo salgante sem sdio 70 mg/kg/dia). Aps 30 dias, o sangue dos animais foi processado. Resultados: No houve diferena entre os nveis sricos de creatina quinase total, creatina quinase-MB, lactato desidrogenase, cido rico, aspartato aminotransferase e fosfatase alcalina tanto nos NWR como nos SHR tratados com NaCl ou Salgante. Houve diminuio da creatinina nos NWR e SHR tratados com NaCl e Salgante em relao aos controles (p0,005). Concluses: A suplementao diria com o Salgante e NaCl diminuiu os nveis sricos de creatinina nos grupos NWR e SHR. Contudo, no houve modificao nos nveis sricos de marcadores de leso cardaca e heptica.
Fisioterapia em idosas após cirurgia para câncer de mama: um estudo piloto
Authors: Santos Keyla Mara dos , Honório Gesilani Júlia da Silva , Medeiros da Luz Clarissa , Santos Saionara Dos , Petry Débora Melissa , Tonon da Luz Soraia Cristina
Published: December 2017

Introduo: O cncer de mama incidente em idosas. A cirurgia destaca-se como tratamento, com possibilidade de leses nervosas responsveis por alteraes sensitivas. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da fisioterapia na sensibilidade cutnea e mapa termogrfico de idosas no ps-operatrio do tratamento do cncer de mama. Mtodos: Avaliadas 9 mulheres antes e aps 15 sesses de fisioterapia, atravs dos monofilamentos de Semmes-Weinstein e da cmera termogrfica. Os testes Wilcoxon e correlao de Spearman foram utilizados. Resultados: Aps a interveno houve aumento da temperatura em todos os quadrantes. No houve relao significativa entre temperatura e sensibilidade. Em relao sensibilidade antes e depois da interveno, a diferena foi significante nos quadrantes superior externo (p=0,038) e inferior externo (p=0,007) da mama preservada e no superior externo da mama comprometida. No houve correlao entre a regio operada e no operada em relao sensibilidade e temperatura. Concluses: A interveno promoveu aumento da temperatura local, induzindo melhora no limiar de sensibilidade das pacientes.
Análise da qualidade do sono em Mulheres climatéricas ativas e sedentárias
Authors: Portela Larisse Passos Ribeiro , Silva Lucília Da Costa , Rodrigues Thaysa Ferreira , Oliveira Luciane Marta Neiva de , Mazullo Filho João Batista Raposo
Published: December 2017

Introduo: O climatrio caracterizado pelo estado fisiolgico do hipoestrogenismo, com a interrupo definitiva dos ciclos menstruais. Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade do sono em mulheres climatricas ativas e sedentrias. Mtodos: A pesquisa foi realizada com 60 mulheres climatricas, onde foram dividas em trs grupos, 20 praticantes de exerccio aerbico, 20 que realizam treinamento resistido e 20 sedentrias, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de dois questionrios, para analise dos dados foi usado o teste Pearson Qui-quadrado com intervalo de confiana em 95% e significncia estabelecida em p 0,05. Resultados: A mdia de idade dos grupos de 49,25�0,97 a 53,4�1,08. Os resultados apontam uma dife 49,25�0,97 a 53,4�1,08. Os resultados apontam uma diferena significativa quando comparados os grupos a sintomatologia, porm com o questionrio de PSQI no houve diferenas significativas. Concluso: O estudo mostrou que comparadas quanto a sintomatologia, as mulheres praticantes de exerccios anaerbicos obtiveram um melhor resultado, entretanto em relao a qualidade do sono precisa-se de mais estudo.
Analysis of the Usage Possibility of the Electromagnetic Curtain
Authors: Ambroziak Radosław , Ambroziak Sławomir J. , Milczanowski Maciej
Published: December 2017

In the article the definition of IED has been presented as well as its classification and countering methods. The concept of AEGIS device for neutralization of RCIED has been presented. The usage possibility of AEGIS device in civilian environments has been analysed.
Analysis of Ice Conditions in the Baltis Sea and in the Puck Bay
Authors: Dyrcz Czesław
Published: December 2017

The paper presents results of research based on analysis of ice conditions in the Baltic Sea and in the Puck Bay. Analyses are concerned on the last century the maximum ice extents in the Baltic Sea (1915-2015) and ice conditions in the Puck Bay (1986-2005). Ice conditions in the Baltic Sea are generally of average intensity and depend mainly on the type of winters (mild, average/ normal and severe), however, the Baltic bays and gulfs cover the sea ice almost every year. The average ice extent in the Baltic Sea during typical winters, the ice extent in the Baltic Sea during winters in years from 1915 to 2015 and the average time limits the occurrence of the first ice, number of days with ice, ice thickness, terms the disappearance of the last ice in the Puck Bay together with examples of ice forms are presented in this paper. The phenomenon of ice has a significant impact on human activities in the sea, have an effect on weather and climate, plant and animal life, fishery and ports activities and the safety of navigation.
No taxon left behind? – a critical taxonomic checklist of Carpinus and Ostrya (Coryloideae, Betulaceae)
Authors: Holstein Norbert , Weigend Maximilian
Published: December 2017

Hornbeams (Carpinus) and hop-hornbeams (Ostrya) are trees or large shrubs from the northern hemisphere. Currently, 43 species of Carpinus (58 taxa including subdivisions) and 8 species of Ostrya (9 taxa including sudivisions) are recognized. These are based on 175 (plus 16 Latin basionyms of cultivars) and 21 legitimate basionyms, respectively. We present an updated checklist with publication details and type information for all accepted names and the vast majority of synonyms of Carpinus and Ostrya, including the designation of 54 lectotypes and two neotypes. Cultivars are listed if validly described under the rules of the ICN. Furthermore, we consider Carpinus hwai Hu & W.C.Cheng to be a synonym of Carpinus fargesiana var. ovalifolia (H.J.P.Winkl.) Holstein & Weigend comb. nov. During the course of our work, we found 30 legitimate basionyms of non-cultivars that have been consistently overlooked since their original descriptions, when compared with the latest checklists and floristic treatments. As regional floras are highly important for taxonomic practice, we investigated the number of overlooked names and found that 78 basionyms were omitted at least once in the eight regional treatments surveyed. More seriously, we found 4 basionyms of accepted species being overlooked in a major floristic treatment.
L’institutionnalisation des communautés minoritaires au Canada : des communautés politiques aux politiques communautaires ?
Authors: Fournis Yann
Published: December 2017

Objet énigmatique, les communautés sont le sujet d’analyses originales au Canada, qui peinent néanmoins à sortir de la dichotomie entre les approches « socio-centrées » et les approches « stato-centrées » de la politique de la reconnaissance. Dans cet article, nous proposons une lecture néo-institutionnaliste des communautés minoritaires, qui conduit à comprendre les communautés comme le résultat de l’interaction entre les dynamiques sociales internes au groupe et les politiques publiques de construction nationale mises en place par le gouvernement fédéral. Une première partie est consacrée à des travaux sur les identités minoritaires qui, en termes de nationalisme régional ou de complétude institutionnelle, considèrent que les communautés sont desmini-politiesoù l’usage de l’identité permet un traitement collectif des enjeux communautaires. Dans une deuxième partie, nous revenons sur les travaux récents qui suggèrent que les États en Amérique du Nord, formellement « faibles », devraient être compris comme disposant d’une forte capacité d’action, un pouvoir infrastructurel pour construire uneméta-polity. L’État fédéral a ainsi mis en place des politiques publiques communautaires qui construisent des communautés conformes à ses stratégies de construction nationale. La conclusion revient sur la « nature » des communautés au Canada pour questionner la pertinence de la notion de complétude institutionnelle comme réponse ascendante à la gouvernementalité descendante de l’État fédéral.
Efficacy of Chemical Weed Control in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Jovović Zoran , Popović Tatjana , Velimirović Ana , Milić Vesna , Dolijanović Željko , Šilj Milana , Poštić Dobrivoj
Published: December 2017

In this paper the results of efficiency of combined application of six herbicides in weed control in potato were presented. The study was done during 2007 and 2008 in Kolašin, on acid brown soil, at an altitude of about 900 m. In the experiment the following herbicides were examined: S-metalachlor, Bentazone, Acetohlor, Flurochloridone, Metribuzin and Dimetenamid-P. The study was conducted in the Kennebec variety crop. All applied herbicides had satisfactory effect in decreasing number and biomass of weeds. As the most effective variants in two-year average, Sencor 70 WP and Genius were expressed (95 and 94% for the number and 92 and 88.8% for weed biomass) and the weakest effect had combination of Dual Gold 960 EC + Basagran (82.3; 69.4, respectively). In all investigated combinations of herbicides significantly higher tuber yield was achieved comparing to the control. The highest yield of tubers was measured in variant where Acenit 800 EC was applied - 33 t ha-1, while the lowest yield had the control variant - 18.4 t ha-1.
Effect of Withdrawal of Vitamin and Trace Mineral Additives from Diet on Broiler Bone Strength
Authors: Drinić Milanka , Kralj Aleksandar
Published: December 2017

Selection of broiler on high growth rate affected significant decre­asing of fattening period and gain feed ratio. However, it caused disproportion between ingreasing of body weight and skeleton. Because of that, the skeleton was lagging behind the body weight. This situation could lead to break of bones and significant economical loss. Vitamin and trace mineral additives which are responsible for appropriate bone mine­rali­sation, were removed in this experiment. Due to these resons, the broiler tibia strength was researched. The removing of vitamin and trace mineral additives from broiler diet last 12 and 8 had negative effect on the broiler bone strenght. The four day removing of these additives did not cause the negative effect on bone strenght, which should be the subject of new researches.
Zamke deskriptivnog i inferencijalnog statističkog pristupa u biološkim i poljoprivrednim naukama
Authors: Mićić Nikola , Bosančić Borut
Published: December 2017

Deskriptivna statistika skup podataka tretira kao dati skup, tj. konačan i prebrojiv statistički skup i tako ga i interpretira, dok inferencijalna statistika kao prvi korak u analitičkom pristupu, saglasno cilju istraživanja, mora da definiše elementarna određenja osnovnog skupa (pojmovno, prostorno i vremenski), a potom i uzoraka koji se odnose na planirano istraživanje, odnosno, njihovu reprezentativnost u oceni parametara osnovnog skupa. Takođe, u inferencijalnoj statistici izbor logičko–matematičke argumentacije u oceni parametara osnovnog skupa mora da odredi i kolikoj greški će biti izloženi zaključci na osnovu kojih se procenjuje verovatnoća postavljenih hipoteza o osnovnom skupu. Tako, dok deskriptivna statistika konstatuje postojeće stanje u datom konačnom i prebrojivom skupu podataka, inferencijalna statistika, na osnovu eksperimentalnih, instrumentalnih i logičko-matematičkih metoda, analizira varijacije podataka u uzorcima i procenjuje objašnjene, neobjašnjene i dozvoljene varijacije posmatranog obeležja, kao mere verovatnoće ispoljavanja posmatranog svojstva u osnovnom skupu. Dakle, u deskriptivnoj statistici koristi se matematička aritmetička sredina, dok u inferencijalnoj statistici aritmetička sredina u stvari predstavlja centralnu tendenciju kao pouzdanu verovatnoću pojavljivanja ili ispoljavanja posmatranog obeležja u osnovnom skupu. Tako je u inferencijalnoj statistici reprezentativnost uzoraka u stvari reprezentativnost centralnih tendencija uzoraka, koja se argumentuje dozvoljenim varijacijama posmatranih vrednosti obeležja, odnosno, dozvoljenim intervalom relativnog varijabiliteta (5 % < Vk < 30 %). Naime, uzorci čiji su koeficijenti varijacije manji od 5 % "suviše su dobri" (odnose se na skup istovetnih statističkih jedinica), a uzorci sa koeficijentima varijacije većim od 30 % moraju se razložiti na poduzorke sa dozvoljenim varijabilitetom za centralnu tendenciju i osnovnom pretpostavkom za analizu strukture podskupova posmatranog obeležja u osnovnom skupu. U ovom radu obrađeno je pitanje biometričke analize uzoraka sa nedozvoljenim relativnim varijabilitetom podataka u argumentaciji centralne tendencije.
Effect of Plant Density on Photosynthesis Productivity and Yield of Spring Garlic
Authors: Moravčević Đorđe , Gvozdanović Varga Jelica , Stojanović Anamarija , Beatović Damir , Todorović Vida , Pavlović Nenad
Published: December 2017

Garlic was examined in field experiments conducted in central Ser­bia (Belgrade). Spring garlic was examined. The objective was to examine the effect of plant density on photosynthesis productivity (LAR-Leaf Area Ratio, NAR- Net Assimilation Rate) and the yield of garlic. The analysis involved the following plant densities: 300 (G1), 450 (G2), 600 (G3), 750 (G4) and 900 (G5) thousand plants ha-1. The garlic exhibited better results in denser crop establishment. It is clearly indicated by the yield of garlic attained in the experiments. Average yield rates range from 5.6 (G1) to 12.5 t ha-1 (G5). The results demonstrate that the garlic should be grown in high density establishment.
Association Convolvulo-Polygonetum aviculare (ass. new) in Weed Vegetation of Vineyard Region in Herzegovina
Authors: Kovačević Zlatan
Published: December 2017

Floristic-phytocenological research of weed vegetation in vineyards of Bosnia and Herzegovina determined a new association Convolvulo-Polygonetumaviculare (ass. new). Regarding floristic character, the asso­ciation was qualified by numerous thermophilic species, and it was ranked in the mediterranean syntaxonomic unit DiplotaxionBr.-Bl. 1931 em 1936 from ordo ChenopodietaliamediterraneaBr.-Bl. 1931 em 1936. Stands association builds 56 plant species. A complete set of association is built by five species: ConvolvulusarvensisL., PolygonumaviculareL., Cynodondactylon (L.) Pers., PortulacaoleraceaL. and ChenopodiumalbumL. Biological spectrum of association shows dominance of hemi­therophytes (62,50%) and hemikryptophytes which together make up 85,71% of the species. Gradient analysis shows very little dependence of floristic composition in relation to soil moisture medium rich in minerals. The value of the coefficient of correlation points a relatively high degree of dependence floristic composition in comparison to the gradient of light and temperature. Areal spectrum of associations suggests the dominance of cosmopolitan and mediterranean group of floral elements. By means of numerical classification and ordination of stands, there may be distin­guished two groups of stands.
Epigenetic considerations in aquaculture
Authors: Gavery Mackenzie R. , Roberts Steven B.
Published: December 2017

Epigenetics has attracted considerable attention with respect to its potential value in many areas of agricultural production, particularly under conditions where the environment can be manipulated or natural variation exists. Here we introduce key concepts and definitions of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA, review the current understanding of epigenetics in both fish and shellfish, and propose key areas of aquaculture where epigenetics could be applied. The first key area is environmental manipulation, where the intention is to induce an ‘epigenetic memory’ either within or between generations to produce a desired phenotype. The second key area is epigenetic selection, which, alone or combined with genetic selection, may increase the reliability of producing animals with desired phenotypes. Based on aspects of life history and husbandry practices in aquaculture species, the application of epigenetic knowledge could significantly affect the productivity and sustainability of aquaculture practices. Conversely, clarifying the role of epigenetic mechanisms in aquaculture species may upend traditional assumptions about selection practices. Ultimately, there are still many unanswered questions regarding how epigenetic mechanisms might be leveraged in aquaculture.
Population structure and phenotypic variation ofSclerotinia sclerotiorumfrom dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the United States
Authors: Kamvar Zhian N. , Amaradasa B. Sajeewa , Jhala Rachana , McCoy Serena , Steadman James R. , Everhart Sydney E.
Published: December 2017

The ascomycete pathogenSclerotinia sclerotiorumis a necrotrophic pathogen on over 400 known host plants, and is the causal agent of white mold on dry bean. Currently, there are no known cultivars of dry bean with complete resistance to white mold. For more than 20 years, bean breeders have been using white mold screening nurseries (wmn) with natural populations ofS. sclerotiorumto screen new cultivars for resistance. It is thus important to know if the genetic diversity in populations ofS. sclerotiorumwithin these nurseries (a) reflect the genetic diversity of the populations in the surrounding region and (b) are stable over time. Furthermore, previous studies have investigated the correlation between mycelial compatibility groups (MCG) and multilocus haplotypes (MLH), but none have formally tested these patterns. We genotyped 366 isolates ofS. sclerotiorumfrom producer fields and wmn surveyed over 10 years in 2003–2012 representing 11 states in the United States of America, Australia, France, and Mexico at 11 microsatellite loci resulting in 165 MLHs. Populations were loosely structured over space and time based on analysis of molecular variance and discriminant analysis of principal components, but not by cultivar, aggressiveness, or field source. Of all the regions tested, only Mexico (n= 18) shared no MLHs with any other region. Using a bipartite network-based approach, we found no evidence that the MCGs accurately represent MLHs. Our study suggests that breeders should continue to test dry bean lines in several wmn across the United States to account for both the phenotypic and genotypic variation that exists across regions.
Optimal Design for Placements of Tsunami Observing Systems to Accurately Characterize the Inducing Earthquake
Authors: Mulia Iyan E. , Gusman Aditya Riadi , Satake Kenji
Published: December 2017

Recently, there are numerous tsunami observation networks deployed in several major tsunamigenic regions. However, guidance on where to optimally place the measurement devices is limited. This study presents a methodological approach to select strategic observation locations for the purpose of tsunami source characterizations, particularly in terms of the fault slip distribution. Initially, we identify favorable locations and determine the initial number of observations. These locations are selected based on extrema of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) spatial modes. To further improve the accuracy, we apply an optimization algorithm called a mesh adaptive direct search to remove redundant measurement locations from the EOF‐generated points. We test the proposed approach using multiple hypothetical tsunami sources around the Nankai Trough, Japan. The results suggest that the optimized observation points can produce more accurate fault slip estimates with considerably less number of observations compared to the existing tsunami observation networks.
Where Does Wood Most Effectively Enhance Storage? Network‐Scale Distribution of Sediment and Organic Matter Stored by Instream Wood
Authors: Pfeiffer Andrew , Wohl Ellen
Published: December 2017

We used 48 reach‐scale measurements of large wood and wood‐associated sediment and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) storage within an 80 km2 catchment to examine spatial patterns of storage relative to stream order. Wood, sediment, and CPOM are not distributed uniformly across the drainage basin. Third‐ and fourth‐order streams (23% of total stream length) disproportionately store wood and coarse and fine sediments: 55% of total wood volume, 78% of coarse sediment, and 49% of fine sediment, respectively. Fourth‐order streams store ~0.8 m3 of coarse sediment and 0.2 m3 of fine sediment per cubic meter of wood. CPOM storage is highest in first‐order streams (60% of storage in 47% of total network stream length). First‐order streams can store up to 0.3 m3 of CPOM for each cubic meter of wood. Logjams in third‐ and fourth‐order reaches are primary sediment storage agents, whereas roots in small streams may be more important for storage of CPOM. We propose the large wood particulate storage index to quantify average volume of sediment or CPOM stored by a cubic meter of wood.
Drop Height and Volume Control the Mobility of Long‐Runout Landslides on the Earth and Mars
Authors: Johnson Brandon C. , Campbell Charles S.
Published: December 2017

Long‐runout landslides are landslides with volumes of 105 m3 or more, which move much farther from their source than expected. The observation that Martian landslides are generally less mobile than terrestrial landslides offers important evidence regarding the mechanism responsible for the high mobility of long‐runout landslides. Here we simulate landslides as granular flow using a soft‐particle discrete element model. We show that while surface gravity plays a negligible role, observed differences in fall height naturally reproduce the observed differences in mobility of Martian and terrestrial landslides. We also demonstrate that landslides on Iapetus may fit this trend. Our simulations do not include any fluid and indicate that a mechanism similar to acoustic fluidization can explain the high mobility of long‐runout landslides. This implies that long‐runout landslides on Mars should not be considered as evidence for ice, saturated clays, or liquid water.
Equatorial E Region Electric Fields and Sporadic E Layer Responses to the Recovery Phase of the November 2004 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Moro J. , Resende L. C. A. , Denardini C. M. , Xu J. , Batista I. S. , Andrioli V. F. , Carrasco A. J. , Batista P. P. , Schuch N. J.
Published: December 2017

Equatorial E region electric fields (EEFs) inferred from coherent radar data, sporadic‐E (Es) layers observed from a digital ionosonde data, and modeling results are used to study the responses of the equatorial E region over São Luís (SLZ, 2.3°S, 44.2°W, ~−7° dip angle), Brazil, during the super storm of November 2004. The EEF is presented in terms of the zonal (Ey) and vertical (Ez) components in order to analyze the corresponding characteristics of different types of Es seen in ionograms and simulated with the E region ionospheric model. We bring out the variabilities of Ey and Ez components with storm time changes in the equatorial E region. In addition, some aspects of the electric fields and Es behavior in three cases of weak, very weak, and strong Type II occurrences during the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm are discussed. The connection between the enhanced occurrence and suppressions of the Type II irregularities and the q‐type Es (Esq) controlled by electric fields, with the development or disruption of the blanketing sporadic E (Esb) layers produced by wind shear mechanism, is also presented. The mutual presence of Esq along with the Esb occurrences is a clear indicator of the secular drift of the magnetic equator and hence that of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) over SLZ. The results show evidence about the EEJ and Es layer electrodynamics and coupling during geomagnetic disturbance time electric fields.
Magnetic Shear Damped Polar Convective Fluid Instabilities
Authors: Atul Jyoti K. , Singh Rameswar , Sarkar Sanjib , Kravchenko Oleg V. , Singh Sushil K. , Chattopadhyaya Prabal K. , Kaw Predhiman K.
Published: December 2017

The influence of the magnetic field shear is studied on the E × B (and/or gravitational) and the Current Convective Instabilities (CCI) occurring in the high‐latitude F layer ionosphere. It is shown that magnetic shear reduces the growth rate of these instabilities. The magnetic shear‐induced stabilization is more effective at the larger‐scale sizes (≥ tens of kilometers) while at the scintillation causing intermediate scale sizes (∼ a few kilometers), the growth rate remains largely unaffected. The eigenmode structure gets localized about a rational surface due to finite magnetic shear and has broken reflectional symmetry due to centroid shift of the mode by equilibrium parallel flow or current.
Interpreting Dust Impact Signals Detected by the STEREO Spacecraft
Authors: O'Shea E. , Sternovsky Z. , Malaspina D. M.
Published: December 2017

There is no comprehensive understanding yet of how dust impacts on spacecraft (SC) generate signals detected by antenna instruments. The high sensitivity of the S/WAVES instrument and the large number and high diversity of dust impacts detected make the STEREO mission particularly well suited for a closer investigation. A floating perturbation model (FPP) was recently proposed to explain the characteristic shape of dust impact signals with an overshoot. The FPP model posits that the overshoot is due to the different discharge time constant of the SC and the individual antennas. Kinetic simulations are performed to demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, antennas are inefficient collectors of charged particles from impact plasmas. The collection efficiency is small, only 0.1–1%, varying weakly with the bias potential between the antenna and the SC, and more strongly with impact location. The low recollection efficiencies and an analysis of the shapes and scaling of typical and atypical signals recorded by S/WAVES suggest that, besides the mechanism described by the FPP model, there is another, possibly stronger mechanism that is responsible for generating the characteristic overshoot for most dust impact signals observed by STEREO.