bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Planning and Innovation: A Case Study of Jordan University of Science and Technology
Authors: Al-Awawdeh Waleed M.
Published: August 2017

This study aims at studying the impact of strategic planning on innovation of the Jordan University of Science and Technology in Jordan. The population of this paper is the Jordan University of Science and Technology. The study respondents consisted of those who occupy dean, deputy dean and head of scientific department's positions at this university. The researcher made use of the studies of Hill et al., (2013), and Evans (1997) to measure the strategic planning, and adopted the construct of Urbancová, (2013) and Ibarra, (1993) in order to measure the dependent variable, which is innovation. A total of 128 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 80 were received back, but only 61 questionnaires were valid for statistical analysis. The major finding of the study is strategic planning has a strong positive impact on the innovation of the researched university.
The Performance of Employees Who Works at Foreign Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Arafah Willy
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this reserach is to discuss the performance of foreign banking in Indonesia, including the performance of onshore and offshore banking activities, and local security devices. Although the offshore business of foreign banks has been relatively more active over the years than the onshore business, there has been a recent sharp increase in onshore business, and some indication of a more sympathetic attitude to onshore foreign banking by the regulatory authorities. This suggests that it is an appropriate time for surveying the foreign bank performance of Indonesia. Indonesia's banks still achieve the highest margins among their regional peers, maintaining their allure for investors, despite the headwinds and occasional crises they have faced in recent and perhaps upcoming years. Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia is more attractive compared to its neighbors. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the performance of employees working at foreign banks in Indonesia, this study was conducted in 2017, The research question lies in whether each of those factors has a simultaneous and partial effect on the employees performance or otherwise. Using the quantitative method, the population of this study was 550 respondents employees of foreign banks at the level of staff until the director with N = 1565. The results in this study are servant leadership employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior greatly affect job performance.
Youth Vocational Counseling Work: The Redefinition of Duties, the Distribution of Professional Roles, and the Impact of Gender
Authors: Devineau Sophie
Published: August 2017

The 1960s myth that good vocational counseling means successful youth entry into employment is back in favor and imposing itself on educational policy as an absolute priority during this period of high unemployment. But implementation of these youth career planning and employment policies has largely been delegated to local-level authorities, where interventions now take the form of reticular projects.This is the context in which we test the hypothesis of a crisis in the work of actors providing youth vocational counseling, program coordinators of various ranks, psychological counselors, and referent teachers working with students.The methodology for the main study is based on interviews with a range of professionals. A supplementary study analyzed the content of articles in “L’echo des régions”, the magazine of the Association of the Regions of France, from 2010 to 2015.One finding to emerge from these observations is that the educational system internalizes concerns connected with job openings in occupations, while actors focused on post-scholastic job placement request more general education. This role inversion highlights the main contradictions running through youth vocational guidance. All actors attest to the limitations thwarting their voluntarism as well as to the dilemmas they face. Among the identified obstacles are the individualization of vocational paths and the emergence of case-by-case counseling, the application of the principle of equality to competing strategies, the disorganization of institutions allocated declining financial resources, conflicts of interest in partnerships, devalued courses of study, and insecure jobs. We also observed that the proffered arguments propose handling youth career counseling and entry into employment according to an “emergency response” model. In such a landscape devoid of egalitarian prospects, it nonetheless emerges that the path toward the equality of girls with boys is more open. At the same time, an opposing gender logic appears in the distribution of professional tasks, with particular consequences for women and especially female teachers.
Generational Divide: A New Model to Measure and Prevent Youth Social and Economic Discrimination
Authors: Monti Luciano
Published: August 2017

Measures concerning intergenerational inequality generally refer to youth unemployment or youth household income and wealth. The common conclusion is that the generational gap is represented by negative trend of youth unemployment and NEETS. In this paper, I argue that this phenomenon is not the cause of intergenerational unfairness, but one of its effects.The pioneering efforts to measure the intergenerational fairness through a set of multidimensional indicators are the starting point for deeper analysis. The purpose of this paper, however, is not only to measure unfairness, but to quantify the generational divide. The latter is defined as the intensity of material and immaterial barriers affecting a sound development of individuals.The way to measure such a phenomenon is to use a new and comprehensive, synthetic index, applied to the Italian youth emergency and social discrimination. For this reason some new indicators are added to the previous models, such as credit crunch, the scar inferred to NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training), digital divide and barriers to mobility.The results of this pilot analysis in the selected country for the period 2004-2012 demonstrate a worsening of the generational divide over the last five years and these high negative trends are mainly due to housing costs, decreasing incomes and the pension burden. These results suggest the need for a deep and careful consideration on the real intergenerational sustainability of current European and development strategies and show a large discrimination towards the younger generations.
Over waargenomen onrechtvaardigheid en radicalisering
Authors: Bal M. , van den Bos K.
Published: August 2017

On perceived justice and radicalization

The authors propose that perceptions of injustice play a central role in radicalization toward violent extremism and terrorism. Perceptions of unfair disadvantage in comparison with other groups (horizontal deprivation) or by societal authorities (vertical deprivation) will elicit strong emotional and behavioral reactions. In combination with feelings of personal uncertainty and a lack of cognitive capacities to control justice-related emotions, this increases the pull and attraction of radical ideologies. Furthermore, when people join a radical organization, a vicious circle of identification with and justification of radical ideology and illegitimization and rejection of the status quo follow, possibly resulting in the justification of violence to achieve social change. Injustice perceptions are difficult to change, but a better understanding of the basic processes involved allows for the development of prevention and deradicalization programs, which should focus on full and just societal integration of groups and individuals that have a high potential to radicalize.
De Nederlandse jihadist
Authors: Bakker E.
Published: August 2017

The Dutch jihadist. Types and roles within the jihadist scene

In the past few years, about three hundred Dutch Muslims travelled to Syria and Iraq to join the violent jihad. This article explores the phenomenon by looking into the individual characteristics and processes of these Dutch jihadis. It presents the findings of a study of the life stories of twelve of them, showing the diversity of the group. It also looks into types of jihadists and their roles in the jihadist scene using categories provided by Maher and Bjørgo. The article arrives at the somewhat unsatisfactory conclusion that there is no standard Dutch jihadist and that we need to study more individual cases and better understand what is going on within the jihadist scene in order to be able to stop people from following the path towards the violent jihad.
Sharia4Belgium en de verburgerlijking van de provocatie
Authors: Verkaaik O.
Published: August 2017

Sharia4Belgium and the embourgeoisement of provocation

In their book on Sharia4Belgium, an organization that during its short existence from 2010 to 2012 criticized what it perceived as anti-Muslim discourse and promoted the introduction of the sharia in Belgium, the authors Pim Aarns and Ineke Roex focus on the use of political humor by the spokespersons of the organization. They offer a nuanced interpretation of the political humor in a large number of online videos, distinguishing between, among other things, the ridicule of right-wing nativist opponents, a ludic critique of sexual mores, and the mockery of other Muslims who do not accept the group’s version of Islam. The focus on humor is refreshing, because in today’s liberal, secular democracy devout believers, and fundamentalist Muslims in particular, are often believed to be lacking a sense of humor. Although failing to offer a broader analysis of political humor in current political discourse, the book successfully shows that radical religious ideology and political humor are not mutually exclusive.
L’enseignement des faits religieux et l’enseignement moral et civique « à la française » : des éthiques en tension?
Authors: Husser Anne-Claire
Published: August 2017

Si la relance de l’éducation morale à l’école constitue un thème récurrent dans le débat public depuis les années 1980, l’entrée en vigueur à la rentrée 2015 d’un nouvel enseignement moral et civique dans les établissements du premier et du second degré apporte avec elle un certain nombre de nouveautés par rapport aux anciens programmes d’instruction ou d’éducation civique, posant ainsi des questions inédites aux professionnels chargés de les mettre en oeuvre. Le propos de cet article n’est pas de traiter des enjeux de l’enseignement moral et civique dans sa généralité, mais de montrer comment celui-ci ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour parler des religions à l’école laïque en faisant un pas de côté par rapport à l’approche socio-historique qui préside depuis les années 1980 à la promotion de l’enseignement des faits religieux. Il s’agira de montrer qu’en tant qu’éléments de curriculum résultant de politiques scolaires distinctes ainsi qu’en raison du type d’assise qu’ils peuvent trouver dans les pratiques enseignantes, l’enseignement des faits religieux et l’enseignement moral et civique tendent à véhiculer des approches différentes mais complémentaires de ce que peut être une pédagogie laïque.
L’éthique hacker, un modèle éthique du numérique pour l’éducation?
Authors: Plante Patrick
Published: August 2017

Il existe bien une éthique appliquée (Rosati, 2012) au numérique en éducation, du respect du droit d’auteur à la cyberintimidation en passant par la nétiquette. Mais qu’en est-il d’une éthique émergente du numérique, avec de nouvelles formes d’action issues de ce contexte particulier? Pour répondre à la question, nous proposons de cerner, chez le personnage duhacker, cet acteur incontournable du numérique, des orientations éthiques et des formes d’action qui, tout en respectant les finalités de l’éducation, changeraient le rapport à la technologie. L’action deshackersconsisterait en partie à comprendre et à modifier ce que Feenberg (2013) nomme les codes de la technologie, qui sont composés de fonctions et de significations. Coder, décoder et recoder la technologie avec une visée éthique promouvant la richesse de l’existence pour soi et pour les autres est à la base de trois propositions pouvant participer à l’émergence d’une éthique du numérique en éducation, à savoir : la présence d’hackerspaces dans les écoles, l’apprentissage du code informatique et l’émergence d’une éducation aux codes de la technologie.
Femmes leaders du secteur communautaire : leur engagement et leur contribution au changement social
Authors: Savoie Lise , Pelland Marie-Andrée , Albert Hélène , Lanteigne Isabel
Published: August 2017

L’article porte sur les résultats d’une recherche visant à comprendre la trajectoire d’engagement de femmes qui occupent un poste de leader rémunéré dans le secteur communautaire à but non lucratif au Nouveau-Brunswick. Ces militantes ont relaté leurs motifs d’engagement et le sens qu’elles y accordent. Elles qui s’engagent dans la défense des droits des populations vulnérables, dans une perspective de justice et de changement social — le moteur de leur engagement — sont elles-mêmes en position d’iniquité. Cet engagement dans l’amélioration des conditions de vie des personnes contribue à la cohésion sociale dans un contexte où l’État social s’effrite. Ainsi, l’engagement des femmes dans ce secteur relève de la justice sociale pour reconstruire un monde plus équitable. Il s’agit d’un double défi : redonner du pouvoir d’agir aux populations vulnérabilisées tout en reconnaissant de manière équitable la contribution de ces femmes leaders dans le secteur communautaire tant au plan social qu’économique.
D’intervenante à militante féministe : défi et stratégies à la Maison
Unies-Vers-Femmes
Authors: Demers-Tessier Sophiane
Published: August 2017

Oeuvrant en maison d’hébergement auprès de femmes et d’enfants victimes de violence
conjugale, dans une perspective féministe, les intervenantes de la Maison Unies-Vers-Femmes
(MUVF) doivent occuper le rôle d’agente de changement social, tout en effectuant des
interventions d’urgence et de proximité. Cette double responsabilité pose un défi de taille
qui nécessite diverses stratégies de gestion et d’intervention qui seront abordées dans cet
article.
Changes in zooplankton community, and seston and zooplankton fatty acid profiles at the freshwater/saltwater interface of the Chowan River, North Carolina
Authors: Lichti Deborah A. , Rinchard Jacques , Kimmel David G.
Published: August 2017

The variability in zooplankton fatty acid composition may be an indicator of larval fish habitat quality as fatty acids are linked to fish larval growth and survival. We sampled an anadromous fish nursery, the Chowan River, during spring of 2013 in order to determine how the seston fatty acid composition varied in comparison with the zooplankton community composition and fatty acid composition during the period of anadromous larval fish residency. The seston fatty acid profiles showed no distinct pattern in relation to sampling time or location. The mesozooplankton community composition varied spatially and the fatty acid profiles were typical of freshwater species in April. The Chowan River experienced a saltwater intrusion event during May, which resulted in brackish water species dominating the zooplankton community and the fatty acid profile showed an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The saltwater intrusion event was followed by an influx of freshwater due to high precipitation levels in June. The zooplankton community composition once again became dominated by freshwater species and the fatty acid profiles shifted to reflect this change; however, EPA levels remained high, particularly in the lower river. We found correlations between the seston, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton fatty acid compositions. Salinity was the main factor correlated to the observed pattern in species composition, and fatty acid changes in the mesozooplankton. These data suggest that anadromous fish nursery habitat likely experiences considerable spatial variability in fatty acid profiles of zooplankton prey and that are correlated to seston community composition and hydrodynamic changes. Our results also suggest that sufficient prey density as well as a diverse fatty acid composition is present in the Chowan River to support larval fish production.
Traducción y Adaptación de una Escala Para Evaluar Generatividad en Abuelos en Santiago de Chile
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes, Chile, Larrain María Elena , Zegers Beatriz ,   Universidad de los Andes, Chile, Orellana Yasna ,   Universidad de los Andes, Chile
Published: August 2017

Se presentan los resultados de la traducción y adaptación en Santiago de Chile para abuelos de la Escala de Generatividad de Loyola (EGL) de McAdams y de St. Aubin (1992), que evalúa generatividad general en una muestra intencionada por cuotas según sexo, edad y nivel de ingreso de 385 abuelos chilenos. Realizando análisis paralelo de Horn y análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, se extrajeron para la escala final, compuesta por 13 ítems, 2 factores: Generatividad Positiva, que explica un 72,39% de la varianza total, y Generatividad Dudosa, que da cuenta del 27,61%. La consistencia interna, según alfa de Cronbach, del factor Generatividad Positiva (11 ítems) fue 0,85 y la del factor Generatividad Dudosa (2 ítems), según el coeficiente de Spearman-Brown, alcanzó a 0,79. Las abuelas que vivían con algún nieto fueron las que puntuaron más alto en generatividad.
Aplicación del Modelo de Escala de Clasificación Para Examinar las Propiedades Psicométricas de la Self-Control Scale
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Garrido Sebastian Jesús , Cupani Marcos ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Arbach Karin ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
Published: August 2017

Considerando la importancia teórica, empírica y práctica de la valoración del autocontrol mediante instrumentos válidos y confiables, en el presente estudio se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la versión original de la Self-Control Scale (SCS). Con este fin, se utilizó el modelo de escala de clasificación para estimar la unidimensionalidad, la idoneidad de las categorías de respuesta y el ajuste de las personas a los ítems de la SCS. Estos análisis se realizaron en una muestra por conveniencia de 1072 estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Entre los principales resultados puede mencionarse que la SCS permite una valoración unidimensional del constructo autocontrol y que una versión de la escala con 3 categorías de respuesta podría ser más adecuada para la medición del autocontrol que la versión original de 5 categorías. Sin embargo, se encontró que con la nueva configuración de las categorías de respuesta se presentaba un funcionamiento diferencial en 3 ítems de acuerdo al sexo de los participantes. Por último, el mapa de distribución de ítems y de personas mostró ausencia de elementos en el extremo superior e inferior del continuo autocontrol.
Growth and length-weight relationship of the striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax (Pisces: Istiophoridae), in Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: Melo-Barrera FN , Félix-Uraga R , Quiñónez-Velázquez C
Published: August 2017

To determine the age, backcalculate the length, and describe the individual growth and length-weight relationship of the striped marlin Tetrapturus audax, the catch of the sport-fishing fleet from Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, was sampled from 1988 to 1993. The length and weight of 1044 fishes were measured, and the fourth spine of the dorsal fin was collected from 399 of them. The mandibular length (ML) ranged from 156 to 263 cm, and the total weight (TW) ranged from 26 to 100 kg. No significant differences were detected (P > 0.05) in the ML-TW relationship either between sexes or between years. The general relationship was TW = 0.00008*ML(2.523), showing a negative allometric growth (b < 3, P < 0.05). Ten age groups were determined (2 to 11). The relationship between ML and the dorsal fin radius was highly significant (P < 0.001), justifying the use of the dorsal fin for the age determination and to describe the growth of the striped marlin. The von Bertalanffy growth model was fitted appropriately to backcalculated ML-age data (r2 = 0.99) and the values of the parameters were: L∞ = 221 cm, K = 0.23 per year, and t0 = –1.6. The striped marlin reaches 45% of the asymptotic length in its first year of life; in the second year the growth rate decreases to 10%, and during the next eight years the growth rate is 4% on average. The present study is the first to report on the individual growth of the striped marlin based on age determination in hard structures.
Deriving sediment quality guidelines in the Guadalquivir estuary associated with the Aznalcollar minig spill: A comparison of different approaches
Authors: Riba I , Forja JM , Zitko V , DelValls TA
Published: August 2017

Concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Mn) and sediment toxicity tests (mortality of amphipods, Ampelisca brevicornis, of clams, Scrobicularia plana, and of fish, Solea senegalensis) were used to derive sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The approaches are based on the determination of LC50, on the application of a multivariate analysis (MAA), and on the Threshold Effect Level Quotients (TELQs). All approaches lead to consistent SQGs. The range of concentrations established with MAA results in narrower uncertainty ranges. Sediment toxicity estimated by TELQs is in good agreement with that determined experimentally. In terms of the toxic mud concentration, the maximum and minimum LC50s (for fish EC50s) are 1.07% and 0.44% for amphipods, 5.75% and 1.25% for clams, and 7.24% and 1.97% for fish, based on dry weight. However, heavy metal concentrations or ranges should be used only as a first tier in a "weight-of-evidence" approach to determine the environmental quality in aquatic systems. The use of SQGs for the management of these systems should be taken with care, especially those used for the management of dredging processes.
Mercury in sediments and pore waters at a contaminated site in the Tagus estuary
Authors: Canário J , Vale C , Caetano M
Published: August 2017

Two sediment cores were collected at a contaminated site of the North Channel in the Tagus estuary. Sediments were sliced in 1 to 2-cm vertical sections. Major and minor elements, total organic carbon, total mercury (HNO3 digest), acid volatile sulphides –AVS– (1M HCl and 3M HCl) and simultaneously extractable iron, manganese and mercury were determined in the solids. Labile and total mercury (after UV irradiation) were measured in pore waters. Total mercury concentrations in the first 25 cm of sediment were around 100 nmol g–1, reflecting mainly anthropogenic discharges. A slightly compacted sediment layer (< 1 cm thickness) containing lower Hg concentrations (5 nmol g–1) capped the contaminated sediment. Mercury extracted with 1M HCl was only detected in this layer where AVS are low. In the sediment column, AVS were higher (50 to 197 µmol g–1), labile mercury was detected in pore waters down to 3.5-cm depth, and total dissolved Hg showed a broad maximum at 6 cm of depth (1.1 nM). The co-existence of high AVS and high total dissolved mercury implies the presence of ligands in pore waters with high affinity to mercury, which competes with sulphides and retains the metal in solution.
pH-density relationships in seawater
Authors: Hernández-Ayón JM , Zirino A , Marinone SG , Canino-Herrera R , Galindo-Bect MS
Published: August 2017

In surface waters from the Southern Ocean and from the west coast of Baja California, a relationship was found between pH and water column density. In the Southern Ocean, pH was found to correlate well with density and salinity but not with temperature because water column stability was due to salinity. The opposite was found on the west coast of Baja California, where density was controlled by temperature. This demonstrates that pH follows density independently of what controls it. According to the results of this work, we suggest that pH-density correlations may be an important option in the development of algorithms for monitoring CO2 from satellite imagery.
Nutrient concentrations in coastal waters: Impact of the Guadiana River
Authors: Cravo A , Madureira M , Rita F , Silva AJ , Bebianno MJ
Published: August 2017

Water samples were collected over an area of 900 km2 adjacent to the outflow of the Guadiana River in January 1999 to characterize the concentrations and spatial distribution of nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) in the water column. The purpose of the study was to characterize a winter situation of low discharge in terms of nutrient concentrations in the coastal area adjacent to the Guadiana outflow, before the reduction of the river flow due to the completion of the Alqueva Dam. The results show that the maximum influence of the Guadiana outflow was close to the mouth of the Guadiana River, where the highest nutrient concentrations and the minimum of salinity were registered. At the surface, the nutrient concentrations decreased gradually as the distance from the coast increased. The influence of the Guadiana outflow at the surface, despite being small, was evident in the area of about 90 km2 that extends westwards from the mouth of the river. In this area, the increase in N compounds was more significant than in P and Si. The vertical influence of the outflow of the Guadiana River, until over the isobath lower than 30 m, was reflected in nutrient concentrations that decreased with the increase in depth. However, when the depth of the water column was greater than 30 m, the nutrient concentrations increased with the increase in depth. It is expected that with the completion of the Alqueva Dam, the outflow of the Guadiana River will be reduced even further. Nutrient concentrations will also be reduced and the influence of the river in the coastal zone will be even smaller. This could have a negative impact on the nutrient biogeochemical cycles and on the overall productivity of the area.
Nutrient dynamics in a coastal lagoon (Ria Formosa, Portugal): The importance of lagoon–sea water exchanges on the biological productivity
Authors: Falcao M , Vale C
Published: August 2017

Silicates, nitrates, phosphates, chlorophyll a and primary productivity were monitored at low and high tide between September 1985 and September 1986, at four stations in Ria Formosa, a meso-tidal coastal lagoon located in the south of Portugal. The water sampling and the in situ observations were done alternatively in neap and spring tide. While silicates at low tide exceeded values at high tide thorughout the year and a weak seasonal trend was discerned, nitrates and phosphates exhibited a clear-cut seasonal variation at high spring tide. Pronounced maxima in the period of low temperatures (early spring), 7 µM of nitrates and 3 µM of phosphates, indicate their import from the adjacent coastal zone. Lower values at low tide and chlorophyll a increases (up to 2 µg g–1) point to a rapid biological consumption of the imported nutrients. Differences of temperature between coastal waters and those of the lagoon in early spring account for the more efficient consumption by the primary producers of the lagoon. The primary productivity varied from 2 mg C m–3 h–1 (winter) to 30 mg C m–3 h–1 (summer), reflecting the intensive 14C incorporation during the warmer period. High rates of nitrates and phosphates consumption could be observed during spring, when their concentrations decreased 50% within a narrow period of 6 hours from high to low tide.
Nutrient analysis in estuarine water. Effect of salinity
Authors: Arjonilla M , Blasco J
Published: August 2017

The continous flow autoanalyzer is an instrument commonly used for nutrient analysis in coastal laboratories and oceanographic vessels. The determination of micronutrient concentrations (ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, silicates and phosphates) makes it necessary to evaluate precisely how variables can affect this measure. In this sense, salinity is a parameter which must be considered, due to its wide range of variation (0–36) in estuarine ecosystems. In this work, the effect of salinity on nutrient (ammonium, nitrites, silicates and phosphates) determination is analyzed. The results show that salinity does not affect the measure of nitrites and phosphates, whereas ammonium and silicates are affected. Practical considerations of nutrient measurement with samples of different salinities are pointed out.
Mytilus californianus transplanted as upwelling bioindicators to two areas off Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Segovia-Zavala JA , Delgadillo-Hinojosa F , Vidal-Talamantes R , Muñoz-Barbosa A , Gutiérrez-Galindo EA
Published: August 2017

To study the spatial and temporal variability of bioavailable Cd, mussels (Mytilus californianus) were transplanted from a control zone to two upwelling areas off the northwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico. The mussels were placed at 5 and 15 m depth on buoy systems, at two sites selected for their different upwelling intensity. Punta Banda is characterized by intense upwelling events, with mean monthly temperatures of 13.00 ± 1.83ºC and abrupt drops in temperature to 9.7ºC, whereas upwelling off the Coronado Islands is less intense and mean monthly temperatures are 16.33 ± 2.15ºC, with abrupt drops in temperature to 11.0ºC. Mussel samples were collected regularly during upwelling (April to September) and non-upwelling periods (January to March). Mean Cd concentrations in soft tissue of transplanted mussels were higher at Punta Banda (17.23± 1.89 ∞g g|–1 dry weight) than at Coronado Islands (9.86 ± 1.37 ∞g g–1 dry weight). The analysis of correlation showed that the concentration of Cd in mussels from Punta Banda (r = 0.91) and Coronado Islands (r = 0.75) is related to the Bakun upwelling index. These results suggest that upwelling plays an important role in controlling Cd content in M. californianus from northwestern Baja California. Transplanted mussels proved to be excellent bioindicators of upwelling.
Characterization of fish assemblages in a tropical coastal lagoon in the northwest Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Díaz-Ruiz S , Pérez-Hernández MA , Aguirre-León A
Published: August 2017

Tamiahua is one of the largest estuarine-lagoonal systems in the Mexican Gulf of Mexico. It has great economic and ecological importance due to high fisheries productivity and because it serves as a nursery, feeding and reproduction area for numerous populations of fishes and crustaceans. Spatial and temporal variations of fish diversity, abundance, dominant species and community inhabitants were determined based on samples taken on a bimonthly basis from May 1994 to March 1995. A total of 83 species, 62 genera and 32 families were collected, of which 14 species, 8 genera and 3 families were recorded for the first time in this area. Based on our collections and earlier reports, 136 species are known to use this lagoon system at some stage of their life cycle. The highest diversity and abundance values occurred during the rainy season (H'n = 2.7, D = 7.1, and J' = 0.6; biomass = 59.3 g m–2, density = 5.8 ind m–2, and average weight = 10.2 g ind–1). Seasonal fluctuation of these parameters reflects the life cycles of different species (mainly the dominant species) related to the environmental dynamics of the ecosystem. Based on a graph-statistical analysis of the abundance and frequency data of 22,984 individuals, the fish species inhabiting the system were classified into four groups: resident, transient, irregular and rare. This analysis revealed the presence of 9 resident species, representing 77% and 73% of the total number of individuals and biomass, respectively. In order of importance, these species were Anchoa mitchilli, Membras vagrans, Hyporhamphus roberti, Bairdiella chrysoura, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Strongylura notata, Mugil curema, Achirus lineatus, and Cynoscion nebulosus.
Minimum welfare levels of farm workers in the San Quintín and Mexicali valleys, Baja California
Authors: Moreno-Mena JA , Niño-Contreras LM
Published: August 2017

Farm workers represent one of the poorest sectors of the population in Mexico, including Baja California. This study compares the welfare levels of a mostly immigrant population of indigenous workers from San Quintín Valley with those of mestizo farm workers from Mexicali Valley. Surveys were conducted between 1997 and 2000 by the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales of the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California and the Instituto Nacional Indigenista, based on the parameters proposed by the Unsatisfied Basic Needs method to measure poverty level. In general, the comparison did not reveal significant differences in welfare levels between both agricultural valleys, even though the populations compared were not homogeneous (one indigenous and the other mestizo). Both groups of families were found to live in poverty, and approximately one in four in extreme poverty. Nutrition proved to be the most unsatisfied need for both groups, followed by education. Most of the farm workers in both valleys earned minimum wage, or twice the amount, despite the region's high cost of living.
Nutrient dynamics in the west arm of San Quintín Bay, Baja California, Mexico, during and after El Niño 1997/1998
Authors: Hernández-Ayón JM , Galindo-Bect S , Camacho-Ibar V , García-Esquivel Z , González-Gómez MA , Ley-Lou F
Published: August 2017

Time series of 8 h (May, September and November 1997, and March 1998) and 24 h (June and September 1999, and February 2000) were carried out at two (1997–1998) or three sites (1999–2000) of the west arm (Falsa Bay, FB) of San Quintín Bay, in order to assess the nutrient dynamics during and after the 1997/1998 El Niño event. Chlorophyll a concentrations were also determined during each time series. Non-conservative fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (∆DIP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (∆DIN), nitrates (NO3–) and ammonium (∆NH4+) were estimated using a nutrient budget model. High NH4+ peaks (18–45 µM) were detected during El Niño 1997/1998, and the mean concentration values were higher than those of 1999–2000. Ammonium concentration was consistently less than 8 µM during 1999–2000. Significant correlations (r = 0.60 to 0.80) were found between tidal height and NO3– concentration in 1999–2000, as well as an inverse relationship between nitrates and salinity, thus reflecting the input of new DIN from the ocean. Chlorophyll a concentration was up to two times higher in 1999–2000 than during El Niño. There were no significant correlations between tidal height and nutrient concentration during 1997–1998, suggesting that: (a) the high NH4+ concentrations found in 1997–1998 were due to in situ remineralization of the organic matter and, possibly, the excretion by cultured mollusc bivalves in FB, and (b) the increase of chlorophyll a and NO3– during 1999–2000 was mainly due to new inputs from the adjacent ocean. The positive ∆DIP values (0.1 to 0.57) and negative values of the net ecosystem metabolism (NEM = –1 to –60 mmol m–2 d–1) observed throughout 1997–2000 indicate that FB permanently exported DIP towards the ocean and behaved as a net heterotrophic system, with or without the presence of El Niño.
Multidecadal variation of winter rainfall in northwestern Baja California
Authors: Reyes-Coca S , Troncoso-Gaytán R
Published: August 2017

Some climatic features regarding the precipitation over northwestern Baja California (Mexico) were examined relative to the interannual, decadal and multidecadal variability of some Pacific indexes. The analysis is based on annual values from 1900 to 2001 of the winter (November through April) rainfall data for Ensenada, Baja California, which is climatologically representative of northwestern Baja California. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) were also examined. The results are derived from statistical and wavelet analysis of the rainfall data. The time-frequency evolution of the data shows close association with the interannual (2–7 years), decadal (10–20 years) and multidecadal (20–70 years) signals of the SOI and PDO. It is interesting to note that the multidecadal period of drought in northwestern Baja California (1941/1942 to 1976/1977) coincides with negative PDO values (characterized by cold sea surface waters off North America) and frequent La Niña events, whereas decadal rainy conditions (1977/1978 to 1998/1999) coincide with positive PDO values (characterized by warm sea surface waters off North America) and frequent and intense El Niño events. Finally, a future scenario, derived from the wavelet analysis, shows the possibility of a dry decadal period for northwestern Baja California from 1999 to 2015, approximately.
Contribution of sedimentary resuspension to non-conservative fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in San Quintin Bay, Baja California: An experimental estimate
Authors: Ortiz-Hernández MC , Camacho-Ibar VF , Carriquiry JD , Ibarra-Obando SE , Daessle LW
Published: August 2017

Abiotic processes like sedimentary resuspension may contribute to non-conservative fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in shallow systems like San Quintín Bay (SQB), because suspended particles may adsorb or desorb inorganic phosphate. The contribution of suspended sediments to DIP concentrations in SQB was determined in the laboratory through adsorption-desorption experiments with two types of sediments (fine sand and sandy silt), and different concentrations of suspended particles, the initial concentration of DIP and resuspension time. The zero equilibrium phosphate concentration (EPC0) was observed during the first step of the adsorption process (fast step), which occurred before 10 h. The EPC0 was exceeded after 24 h of resuspension, indicating the diffusion of P from the surface toward the interior of particles (slow step). Adsorption was the dominant process in the experiments, and the intensity of adsorption-desorption was emphasized with an increase in the amount of resuspended particles. From the comparison of the non-conservative fluxes of DIP estimated using the LOICZ model with those estimated with resuspension experiments, we conclude that adsorption may lead to an underestimation of ~20% of net heterotrophy in SQB calculated with the LOICZ model, as excess respiration leads to a net release of DIP to the water column, but adsorption by particles masks this net release.
Oyster culture potential in the west arm of San Quintín Bay: Current biomass and preliminary estimate of the carrying capacity
Authors: García-Esquivel Z , González-Gómez MA , Ley-Lou F , Mejía-Trejo A
Published: August 2017

Biomass production of cultured Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, from the west arm of San Quintín Bay (SQB) was quantified from 1995 to 1998. Filtration and ingestion rates were also mesured in situ (1999–2000) to estimate the oyster carrying capacity of the west arm. At the end of nine months oyster production varied between 0.8 and 2.8 kg oyster per string. Lower values were recorded for strings with a low initial density and during a year of high oyster mortality (1998). A maximum of 483 kg oyster rack–1 yr–1 was estimated, but this value should decrease by 30% if only commercial-sized oysters (≥ 90 mm) are considered. Percent water exchange (6% to 76% of total volume, referred to MSL) and seston levels (2.5 to 14.3 mg L–1) were highly dependent on tides. However, adult oysters regulated their net ingestion rates (2.6 to 3.2 mg organic matter oyster–1 h–1), regardless of seston concentrations. It is suggested that establishing a 25% depletion limit for the available food, the carrying capacity of the west arm of SQB ranges from 1913 to 5974 t, and that the observed reduction of growth rates in cultured oysters during 2000 may have resulted from changes in the quantity/quality of the food available in SQB and/or competition for food with other filter-feeders.
Nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal lagoon strongly affected by coastal upwelling
Authors: Álvarez-Borrego Saúl
Published: August 2017

San Quintín Bay is a coastal lagoon influenced by the California Current System (CCS) coastal upwelling. Upwelling brings nutrient-rich waters near the bay mouth and tidal currents propagate those waters throughout the bay. Upwelling intensification and relaxation events occur with a period of ~2 weeks, possibly due to the variability of circulation of the CCS. Off San Quintín, the CCS has an offshore component of the flux, causing upwelling intensification events as strong as off Point Conception (34.5°N), with high phytoplankton productivity. At the lagoon's mouth, upwelling is the main cause of variability for all physicochemical properties except temperature. Semi-diurnal tides are the main cause of variability for temperature. Nutrient remineralization at the sediments and turbulence induced by tidal currents and wind waves increase nutrient concentrations in the lagoon. At the heads of the bay, phytoplankton abundance was ten-fold lower, productivity and chlorophyll concentrations were three-fold lower, chlorophyll content per cell was three-fold higher, and turbidity was higher than at the mouth. The few available data suggest the hypothesis that the effect of ENSO events on phytoplankton biomass depends on the interdecadal regime shifts in the northeastern Pacific. At the lagoon's mouth and adjacent ocean, summer salinities as low as 32.4 suggest the arrival of water parcels that originate in the north, possibly the Columbia River estuarine plume.
Structural pattern of the Todos Santos Coastal Plain, based on geophysical data
Authors: Pérez-Flores MA , Suárez-Vidal F , Gallardo-Delgado LA , González-Fernández A , Vázquez R
Published: August 2017

A set of gravity and magnetic data taken within the Todos Santos Coastal Plain between 1962 and 2000 from land, sea and air is used to integrate the structural framework and tectonic model of this area. The present work collected all the available data, homogenized them, and maintained them at their original altitude. A new technique of joint inversion for gravity and magnetic data from three-dimensional structures was applied. As a result, a well-defined topographic map of the granitic-andesitic basement was obtained and previously unknown geological structures were depicted. Several cross-sections were made from the three-dimensional model obtained, establishing the Todos Santos Coastal Plain structural pattern as a typical pull-apart basin associated with a tectonic fore-arc during the subduction of the Farallón Plate in Late Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic time.
Reconstructing the past climate at Gale crater, Mars, from hydrological modeling of late‐stage lakes
Authors: Horvath David G. , Andrews‐Hanna Jeffrey C.
Published: August 2017

The sedimentary deposits in Gale crater may preserve one of the best records of the early Martian climate during the Late Noachian and Early Hesperian. Surface and orbital observations support the presence of two periods of lake stability in Gale crater—prior to the formation of the sedimentary mound during the Late Noachian and after the formation and erosion of the mound to its present state in the Early Hesperian. Here we use hydrological models and late‐stage lake levels at Gale, to reconstruct the climate of Mars after mound formation and erosion to its present state. Using Earth analog climates, we show that the late‐stage lakes require wetter interludes characterized by semiarid climates after the transition to arid conditions in the Hesperian. These climates are much wetter than is thought to characterize much of the Hesperian and are more similar to estimates of the Late Noachian climate.
Slow slip events and the 2016 Te AraroaMw7.1 earthquake interaction: Northern Hikurangi subduction, New Zealand
Authors: Koulali A. , McClusky S. , Wallace L. , Allgeyer S. , Tregoning P. , D'Anastasio E. , Benavente R.
Published: August 2017

Following a sequence of three Slow Slip Events (SSEs) on the northern Hikurangi Margin, between June 2015 and August 2016, aMw7.1 earthquake struck ~30 km offshore of the East Cape region in the North Island of New Zealand on the 2 September 2016 (NZ local time). The earthquake was also followed by a transient deformation event (SSE or afterslip) northeast of the North Island, closer to the earthquake source area. We use data from New Zealand's continuous Global Positioning System networks to invert for the SSE slip distribution and evolution on the Hikurangi subduction interface. Our slip inversion results show an increasing amplitude of the slow slip toward the Te Araroa earthquake foreshock and main shock area, suggesting a possible triggering of theMw7.1 earthquake by the later stage of the slow slip sequence. We also show that the transient deformation following the Te Araroa earthquake ruptured a portion of the Hikurangi Trench northeast of the North Island, farther north than any previously observed Hikurangi margin SSEs. Our slip inversion and the coulomb stress calculation suggest that this transient may have been induced as a response to the increase in the static coulomb stress change downdip of the rupture plane on the megathrust. These observations show the importance of considering the interaction between slow slip events, seismic, and aseismic events, not only on the same megathrust interface but also on faults within the surrounding crust.
Live Cell Imaging Using Photoswitchable Diarylethene‐Doped Fluorescent Polymer Dots
Authors: Osakada Yasuko , Fukaminato Tuyoshi , Ichinose Yuma , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Harada Yoshie , Majima Tetsuro
Published: August 2017

Fluorescence photoswitching using nanomaterials has recently emerged as a promising approach for the imaging of biological targets. However, despite intensive research efforts during the last decade, practical microscopy of biological targets using photoswitchable nanoparticles in real time remains challenging. To address this problem, we have developed live macrophage cell imaging and single particle imaging methods, using photoswitchable fluorescent diarylethene‐doped polymer nanoparticles (P‐dots) under Xe lamp irradiation. We established a 34‐times prolonged “off‐state”, using P‐dots doped with a diarylethene‐containing methoxy substituent, upon visible‐light irradiation using a Xe lamp and a green fluorescent protein filter cube. To demonstrate the practicality of doped P‐dots imaging, we imaged lysosomes in macrophage cells, and observed 11‐times slower recovery of the fluorescence from the “off‐state” to the “on‐state”, indicating their potential for cellular imaging.