AESTHETIC PROBLEMS OF AUTOMOBILE MULTI-LEVEL TRANSPORT INTERCHANGES
Authors: Toporkov Volodymyr 
Published: May 2022

The aesthetic qualities of the artificial environment are influenced by all types of buildings that form it. This fully applies to this type of construction, such as multi-level road interchanges. The practice of building such structures shows that architects do not always pay enough attention to the appearance of transport facilities, shifting all the responsibility to engineers. The consequence of this approach is a decrease in the aesthetic qualities of the urban environment.

The nature of transport facilities changed depending on the development of economic and engineering capabilities of society, as well as the types of transport for which the fault was built.

In the case of using traditional building materials - natural stone or brick, buildings structurally and architecturally acquired features formed in ancient times. In reinforced concrete viaducts, the supports less visually overlap the natural environment. The arched structure, with its transition from the surfaces of the supports to the arch, creates the compositional integrity of the viaduct, and increasing the number of bearing supports, and their metric location, increases the role of supports in the overall composition . A small number of supports showed that the viaduct can be a structure that does not visually "cut" the surrounding landscape, does not interfere with its view and perception.

We have a slightly different situation with such transport facilities as multi-level car interchanges. The solution is horizontal planar composition. A multi-level denouement is a set of viaducts that intersect at different levels. Unlike a classic viaduct, a multi-level interchange is not a complete compositional whole. Due to the complex spatial construction of the multilevel solution, the location of the supports is perceived as chaotic and not subject to a single compositional plan. We are not talking about the aesthetic qualities of such an environment.

The history of viaduct construction has shown the importance of the shape of supports in the formation of aesthetic qualities of transport facilities. The search for expressive, attractive forms of support in architectural objects has long been given much attention. This process did not stop the whole history of architecture and construction. It continues in modern architecture. Giving supports more complex shapes than square and rectangular, improves their appearance, visually reduces the size. There are options for applying three-dimensional decor on the surface of large supports. The search for the shape of supports and other structural elements of multilevel transport interchanges can diversify and make recognizable structures of this type. In order to improve the appearance of multilevel transport interchanges, other means can be used - landscaping, color and others. In the future, with the advent of new materials, it may be possible to create the supporting supports of the trestle transparent. This will radically change their appearance. The forest of supports will become less noticeable, and overpasses will create the impression of soaring in the air.

Changing approaches to the appearance of multilevel transport interchanges, increasing the variety of architectural and compositional solutions based on the achievements of modern engineering and materials science will create them full-fledged, in terms of aesthetic qualities, elements of the urban environment.