bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnified x ray ghost imaging with tapered polycapillary optics free of the penumbra effect
Authors: Li Huiquan , Ye Zhiyuan , Yuan Tianyu , Hua Lu , Zhong Yuchuan , Hu Jinyue , Xiong Jun , Sun Tianxi , Sun Xuepeng
Published: December 2023

X ray ghost imaging (XGI) offers both radiation dose-reduction potential and cost-effective benefits owing to the utilization of a single-pixel detector. Most XGI schemes with laboratory x ray sources require a mechanically moving mask for either structured illumination or structured detection. In either configuration, however, its resolution remains limited by the source size and the unit size of the mask. Upon propagation, the details of the object can actually be magnified by the divergence of x rays, but at the same time, the penumbra effect produced by the finite source size is dramatically intensified, which ultimately leads to a degradation of image quality in XGI. To address these limitations, this work proposes a magnified XGI scheme using structured detection equipped with tapered polycapillary optics, which can efficiently suppress the object’s penumbra as well as resolve the magnified details of the object. In general, the resolution of this scheme is no longer affected by the source size but by the microcapillary size of polycapillary. Our work fundamentally achieves cancellation of penumbra effect-induced aberration, thus paving the way for high-resolution magnified XGI.
9-bit spin- and wavelength-encoded hologram using a hybrid metasurface
Authors: Yuan Huan , Zhong Zheqiang , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2023

Metasurface holographic encryption, with high resolution and strong concealment, is promising for information security. However, traditional metasurface holographic encryption is limited by spin-polarization channels and monochromaticity, restricting the level of security and information capacity. In this Letter, we propose a 9-bit spin- and wavelength-encoded hologram achieved by encoding phase and amplitude information into full spin polarization and primary color channels using a hybrid metasurface. Our hybrid metasurface structure can break the limitations of traditional metasurfaces, significantly increasing the number of encoded channels by an order of magnitude. We believe that this strategy can provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach to high-capacity information encoding and encryption.
Fast volumetric multifocus structured illumination microscopy of subcellular dynamics in living cells
Authors: Brismar Hjalmar , Senftleben Maximilian , Bajor Antone , Hirata Eduardo , Abrahamsson Sara
Published: December 2023

Studying the dynamics of subcellular structures is possible with 2D structured illumination microscopy (SIM). The technique can give fast acquisition with improved resolution over typical widefield. For 3D samples, the acquisition speed is inherently limited by the need to sequential register each focal plane in the volume. Here, we present a development of multifocus SIM designed to provide high volumetric frame rate by using fast synchronized electro-optical components. We demonstrate the high volumetric imaging capacity of the microscope by recording the dynamics of microtubule and endoplasmatic reticulum in living cells at up to 2.8 super resolution volumes per second.
Effect of crocin and treadmill exercise on oxidative stress and heart damage in diabetic rats
Authors: Pourmousavi Laleh , Hashemkandi Asadi Rasoul , Zehsaz Farzad , Jadidi Roghayeh Pouzesh
Published: December 2023

Diabetes increases the production of free radicals and inflammatory agents in the heart tissue and alters the expression of genes associated with the induction of apoptosis. Considering the importance of common cardiovascular disorders in diabetes, this study investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and crocin use, as well as tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by diabetes in the hearts of adult rats. Streptozotocin 50 mg/kg was injected as a single dose intraperitoneally to cause the diabetes. After 72 hours, a glucometer monitored blood glucose levels, and blood glucose above 250 mg/dl was considered diabetes. Continuous treadmill exercise was performed for eight weeks by placing the animal on the treadmill. Next, the animals were anesthetized, and samples were taken from the hearts and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the cardiac tissue. Finally, the hearts of half of the animals were immediately immersed in a formalin solution for histological changes. According to our findings, diabetes increased lipid peroxidation, characterized by increased MDA levels in the control diabetes group and decreased SOD and GPx levels (P <0.05). It also changes the balance of expression of genes associated with apoptosis control, increased Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression, and decreased Bcl-2 expression (P <0.05). Also, we observed the induction of apoptosis in cardiac tissue. Using eight weeks of continuous exercise and administration of crocin significantly reduced blood sugar levels and lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2 gene expression compared to the diabetes control group. In addition, continuous exercise and crocin improved the oxidative stress parameters in the control group. This study showed that diabetes could cause oxidative stress and heart dysfunction. Moreover, simultaneously and separately, aerobic exercise with a treadmill and crocin administration can reduce these disorders and prevent apoptosis in the heart tissue.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quaternary ammonium antibody drug conjugates based on camptothecin derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Ding Mengyuan , Wang Lei , Yin Sicheng , Zhang Liang , Cao Xuemei , Chen Zhiyang , Li Weinan , Guo Qingsong , Zhu Shulei , Lu Wei , Yang Tong
Published: December 2023

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a highly promising class of cancer therapeutics, comprising antibodies, effector molecules, and linkers. Among them, DS-8201a with DXd as the effector molecule, has shown remarkable anti-tumor efficacy against solid tumors, sparking a surge of interest in ADCs with camptothecin derivatives as ADC effector molecules. In this study, we introduced and successfully constructed quaternary ammonium ADCs utilizing camptothecin derivatives WL-14 and CPTS-1 for the first time. All four ADCs displayed excellent stability under physiological conditions and in plasma, facilitating their prolonged circulation in vivo. Moreover, the four ADCs, employing Val-Cit or Val-Ala dipeptide linkers effectively achieved complete release of the effector molecules via cathepsin B. Although, the in vitro antitumor activity of these ADCs was comparatively limited, the development of quaternary ammonium ADCs based on novel camptothecin derivatives as effector molecules is still a viable and promising strategy. Significantly, our study provides valuable insights into the crucial role of linker optimization in ADCs design.
A network approach to zooarchaeological datasets and human-centered ecosystems in southwestern Florida
Authors: Holland-Lulewicz Isabelle , Holland-Lulewicz Jacob
Published: December 2023

Zooarchaeological datasets are often large, complex, and difficult to visualize and communicate. Many visual aids and summaries often limit the patterns that can be identified and mask interpretations of relationships between contexts, species, and environmental information. The most commonly used of these often include bar charts, pie charts, and other such graphs that aid in categorizing data and highlighting the differences or similarities between categories. While such simplification is often necessary for effective communication, it can also obscure the full range of complexity of zooarchaeological datasets and the human-environment dynamics they reflect. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of formal network graphs to capturing the complexity of zooarchaeological datasets and to effectively highlighting the kinds of relationships between contexts, time, and faunal assemblages in which zooarchaeologists are primarily interested. Using a case study from southwestern Florida (USA), we argue that network graphs provide a quick solution to visualizing the structure of zooarchaeological datasets and serve as a useful aid in interpreting patterns that represent fundamental reflections of human-centered ecosystems.
A Detailed Sentiment Analysis Survey Based on Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Singh Neha , Jaiswal Umesh Chandra
Published: December 2023

Sentiment analysis is a rapidly growing topic of research as a result of the tremendous growth of digital information. In the modern era of artificial intelligence, one of the most crucial technologies for obtaining sentiment data from the vast amounts of data is sentiment analysis. It refers to a procedure of finding and categorising the opinions expressed in a source text. Reaching a consensus regarding business decisions is made much easier by conducting a sentiment analysis on consumer data. Machine learning offers an efficient and trustworthy technique for sentiment categorization and opinion mining. State-of-art machine learning techniques and methodologies have evolved and expanded. In addition to summarising research articles based on movie reviews, product reviews, and Twitter reviews, this survey article covers sentiment analysis notations, needs, levels, methodologies, sources, and machine learning approaches and tools. This research aims to determine the significance of sentiment analysis and to generate interest in the subject.
Technológiai forradalom a biztosítási szektorban – Az insurtech felhasználói fogadtatása Magyarországon
Authors: Halmosi Péter
Published: December 2023

A műszaki és technológiai fejlődés legújabb vívmányai az elmúlt években a pénzügyi termékek, ezen belül a különböző biztosítási termékek piacán is megjelentek. A tanulmány célja a biztosítási szektorban megjelenő technológiai újdonságok elterjedési lehetőségeinek elemzése a fogyasztók általi elfogadás vizsgálatán keresztül. A szakértői fókuszcsoport vizsgálatból kiinduló kutatás 150 fő, felsőfokú képzettségű személy válaszai alapján vizsgálja a különböző innovációs nyitottságú fogyasztói csoportok közötti legfontosabb hasonlóságokat és eltéréseket. Az eredmények közül kiemelendő a digitális megoldásokra nyitott fogyasztók fokozott érzékenysége a bizalmat fokozó és költség-haszon szempontok, valamint a rugalmas, egyedi problémára szabott innovációkra vonatkozó várakozások megléte. Az eredmények alapján szükség van egy, a biztosítási iparág sajátosságait – köztük például hosszabb távú szemléletét – figyelembe vevő technológiaelfogadási modell bevezetésére a későbbi kutatások során.
Reconstrucción de Memoria Histórica y Desarrollo del Tejido Social en Comunidades Afrocolombianas Víctimas de la Masacre de Bojayá - Chocó
Authors: Pacheco Mier Anyerson , Orozco Peña Maria Angelica , Camelo Mendoza Rossana Ninoska
Published: December 2023

En 2002, ocurrió una tragedia en Bojayá, Departamento del Chocó, en la que murieron 119 personas, principalmente afrocolombianas. Este evento ha dejado una profunda huella en la región, lo cual ha suscitado diversas iniciativas de reparación. Por esta razón, este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura con el objetivo de contribuir al debate sobre la importancia de la reconstrucción de la memoria histórica y el desarrollo del tejido social para la reparación integral de las víctimas. Este acercamiento se hace desde un metodología cualitativa-descriptiva, haciendo uso de 13 estudios que atienden a criterios de inclusión. Los resultados evidencian las consecuencias de la masacre, los efectos de este proceso en el tejido social y algunos desafíos para la reparación integral. Finalmente, se hace un llamado al gobierno a respetar el sufrimiento de las víctimas reconociendo la variedad cultural y étnica de Colombia, así como abstenerse de politizar este hecho violento.
Estado actual y percepciones ciudadanas sobre las entidades de salud en las localidades de Kennedy y Usme en Bogotá
Authors: Delrio Reina Luis Ernesto , Guzmán Grandas Sara Gineth
Published: December 2023

La Ley 100 de 1993, por la cual se creó el Sistema de Seguridad Social Integral, ha sido considerada una de las raíces de la actual crisis del sistema de salud en Colombia. Por este motivo, se ha insistido en la necesidad de plantear una reforma que responda a los problemas que presenta la normatividad actual. Este documento pretende sintetizar las discusiones públicas sobre la Ley 100 y ofrece un análisis de las causas que conllevaron a la crisis en el sistema de salud. Para identificar los factores que han contribuido a esta situación, se llevó a cabo una investigación en las localidades de Usme y Kennedy en Bogotá, la cual se basó en encuestas y entrevistas realizadas a usuarios y funcionarios del sistema de salud con el fin de indagar sus percepciones en relación con este. La indagación fue desarrollada en el marco de la línea de investigación “Estado, Democracia y Justicia” del Instituto para la Pedagogía, la Paz y el Conflicto Urbano de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (IPAZUD) durante los años 2022 y 2023, en el contexto de la reforma a la Ley 100 de 1993.
Este documento pretende sintetizar las discusiones públicas sobre la Ley 100 y propone un análisis de las causas de la crisis de la salud. Los elementos de esa crisis fueron identificados a partir de una indagación en las percepciones ciudadanas sobre el sistema de salud en las localidades de Usme y Kennedy en Bogotá mediante el uso de encuestas y entrevistas aplicadas a usuarios y funcionarios del sistema.
La investigación fue desarrollada desde la línea de investigación: Estado, Democracia y Justicia del Instituto para la Pedagogía, la Paz y el Conflicto Urbano de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (IPAZUD) durante los años 2022 y 2023 en el marco de la reforma a la Ley 100 de 1993.
Sobre los caminos de la paz en Colombia y las manos que los surcan
Authors: Sierra Rivera Cindy Marcela
Published: December 2023

Reseña de:
Meernik, J., DeMeritt, J. y Uribe-López, M. (Eds.). (2019). As War Ends: What Colombia Can Tell Us About the Sustainability of Peace and Transitional Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108614856
FEATURES OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF LITHIUM-ALUMINOSILICATE GLASS MICROSPHERES OBTAINED IN A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMA FLOW
Authors: Sigaev V. N. , Naumov A. S. , Savinkov V. I. , Lipatiev A. S. , Lotarev S. V. , Klimenko N. N. , Lopatina E. V.
Published: December 2023

The influence of the spheroidization process in the flow of high-temperature plasma of glass based on the Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LAS) system doped with 1.0 mol. % Nd2O3 on its crystallization properties is investigated. The resulting microspheres with a size of 32 – 64 ?m are characterized by a significantly higher glass transition temperature Tg compared to the Tg of the initial glass (751 °C and 677 °C, respectively), which may be due to both a change in chemical composition during spheroidization and a fundamentally different thermal history of microspheres and glass. Despite the delayed crystallization kinetics, the glass-ceramic structure based on ?-eucryptite-like solid solutions of LixAlxSi1 – xO2 is formed in microspheres, as in the initial glass, under the action of heat treatment, indicating the possibility of both obtaining microspheres with the glass-ceramic structure and varying their coefficient of thermal expansion near zero values.
THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CERMET Bi2Te3–Gd COMPOSITE
Authors: Ivanov O. N. , Yaprintsev M. N. , Vasil’ev A. E. , Zhezhu M. V. , Khovaylo V. V.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is exploring an opportunity to improve the thermoelectric properties of the cermet Bi2Te3 + 0.5 at. % Gd composite. It was found that under spark plasma sintering, a composite microstructure consisting of the Ni inclusions, which are randomly distributed inside the grained Bi2Te3 matrix, is really formed. With introducing Ni inclusions in Bi2Te3, the specific electrical resistivity increases, and the total thermal conductivity decreases. The highest thermoelectric figure-of-merit for the composite (~ 0.63) happened to be slightly enhanced as compared to that for the matrix material (~ 0.58).
AND STUDY OF HIGH-QUALITY DIFFUSION JOINTS OF PRODUCTS MADE OF STEELS AND HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS ON NICKEL-BASED WITH THE USE OF AN INTERMEDIATE LAYER, SILKSCREEN TECHNOLOGY MADE ON THE ELEMENTS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gadalov V. N. , Gubanov O. M. , Petrenko V. R. , Filonovich A. V. , Vornacheva I. V.
Published: December 2023

The features of the formation of a diffusion connection of metal products made of steels and heat-resistant nickel-based alloys with an intermediate layer using the silkscreen method are examined.
INTERGRATED APPROACH TO TEACHING SECTIONS OF APPLIED MECHANICS USING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Patrina T. A. , Stepanov S. K.
Published: December 2023

The article describes the introduction into the educational process of qualitatively new strategies, teaching methods of the sections of applied mechanics in order to train highly qualified technical specialists with knowledge of advanced technologies.
ANALYSIS OF THE DRAFT PROFESSIONAL STANDARD “CLINICAL CYTOLOGIST”
Authors: Kireev A. A. , Patsap O. I. , Sapozhkova Zh. Yu.
Published: December 2023

Clinical cytology is an important component of diagnostic medicine. The purpose is to detect pathological changes at the cellular level. about 3,500 specialists with both higher medical and non-medical education perform cytological studies in our country. Today it is obvious that the growing practical needs of the quantity and quality of cytological studies predetermine the need to optimize the cytological service in Russia.
To improve cytological diagnostics in Russia a draft professional standard (PS) “Doctor-clinical cytologist” was developed and submitted for public discussion. The article presents the analysis of the draft PS with an objective argumentation of the prematurity and unreasonableness of the adoption and the need for its substantial revision.
MORPHOLOGY OF NEUTROPHIL GRANULOCYTES IN NORM AND PATHOLOGY
Authors: Sosnin D. Yu. , Bazarnyi V. V.
Published: December 2023

A literature review describing the morphological features of normal neutrophils and their changes in various diseases is presented. Parameters of neutrophil granulocyte nuclei are described, changes in nuclei are characterized in congenital and acquired pathology. The characteristics of the cytoplasm of normal neutrophils and its changes in pathological conditions are also given. Various types of cytoplasmic inclusions present in normal cells and formed in both hereditary and acquired diseases are described in detail. The problems of clinical and diagnostic significance of changes in the morphology of neutrophils are discussed.
MECHANISMS OF EVACUATION OF THE HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS FROM THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE
Authors: Makhorina T. V. , Boeva K. E. , Malyshkina G. V. , Semenov A. V.
Published: December 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and related diseases are a major problem worldwide. The immune response to human papillomavirus infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) deserves special attention. HPV serves as an etiological agent and biological carcinogen for lesions and cancers associated with HPV. Currently, many possible mechanisms of escape of viruses from factors of innate and adaptive immunity are known. Despite the large amount of accumulated knowledge about the course of HIV and papillomavirus infections, early diagnosis and timely treatment of co-infected patients are difficult, which adversely affects their life prognosis. There is still a need to expand early methods for diagnosing papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected individuals and finding effective treatments.
ORAL FLUID AS AN OBJECT OF NONINVASIVE LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Bazarnyi V. V. , Sosnin D. Yu.
Published: December 2023

This paper is lecture which deal with the importance of laboratory examination for oral fluid so called “salivadiagnostics”. This paper is clarifying the preanalytical stage (obtaining, storing and transfer of samples) and chemical-microscopic methods (pH, relative density, leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein, glucose) for performing a “dry chemistry” technology. The features some of them and changes of parameters in various diseases (neuropsychiatric, dental, pathology of internal organs, osteoporosis and other ones) are presented.
The problems of clinical interpretation of changes of oral fluid as well as future prospects of non-invasive diagnostics have been discussed.
INTRAOPERATIVE CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ONCOCYTIC THYROID CARCINOMA. CASE REPORT
Authors: Gladysheva E. V. , Kireev A. A.
Published: December 2023

Oncocytic tumors amount for about 5 % of thyroid cancer. Oncocytic differentiation of cells can be observed in various benign processes, as well as in various neoplasms of the thyroid gland (for example, in papillary, medullary carcinomas), which can cause a number of difficulties and predetermine the need for thorough differential diagnosis during cytological examination.
The article presents a clinical and morphological features of the case of oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, demonstrating the difficulties of its diagnostics at the preoperative stage and the possibility of urgent intraoperative cytological diagnostics of this tumor, the results of which correlate with the conclusion of a subsequent histological examination.
THE MODEL OF THE FUNCTIONAL EVOLVING FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Eremenko V. T. , Loginov I. V. , Tretyakov O. V.
Published: December 2023

The article considers the problem of modeling the functional evolving of multifunctional automated systems with dedicated subsystems. It is shown that the cyber-physical approach to the organization of automated systems allows us to move on to the creation of self-adaptive or self-developing multifunctional systems. At the same time, the management of adaptation processes requires embedding a model of a controlled object to predict the trajectories of changes in the suitability of the system. The model proposed in the paper is based on a self-developing three-component functional component (service, technical subsystem and control loop) and additionally takes into account the processes of degradation and recovery. Based on the values of the parameters of the evolving processes, the change in the functional suitability of the system as a whole is calculated. The influence of changes in the expectation value and the magnitude of the intensity of changes in the functional purpose of functional components, as well as the recovery time, is investigated. With a span of less than 0,1, the uneven loading of the modernization process control system increases. The critical values of the recovery time parameters are determined at which the full use of the control system capabilities is achieved, which leads to a sharp decrease in the coefficient of functional suitability of the system with an increase in these indicators. It is shown that the presence of interference when diagnosing the need for modernization leads to a significant decrease in the potential effect.
THE PROBLEM SOLUTION OF RATIONAL PLACEMENT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT GROUPS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT AS PART OF AN OPERATIONAL RESPONSE SYSTEM
Authors: Kholostov K. M. , Betskov A. V. , Ovchinsky A. S.
Published: December 2023

A method of rational placement in urban development of a grouping of unmanned aerial vehicles (aircraft) intended for information support of the police rapid response forces is proposed. By placement, in this case, it is meant to determine the composition of the grouping and the coordinates of the locations (take-off points) of unmanned aircraft that are part of it. As geographical objects for the placement of the aviation grouping, cities and urban areas are assumed, in the construction of which residential quarters, places of recreation and mass stay of people, transport and commercial facilities predominate. The method allows, with the specified requirements for the maximum time of arrival of an unmanned aircraft (UAV) to the scene of the incident, to determine the rational composition and location of the elements of the UAV grouping in the city (village, urban district, village), including having a complex shape of the building area. To search for take-off points, fragments of a triangular lattice are used as a basic geometric model, which are virtually and conformally placed on the city plan in accordance with the developed algorithm. The proposed method allows, under conditions of resource constraints, to solve the problem of placing a group of UAVs in urban development, from the point of view of minimizing the material costs associated with its creation and operation, by reducing the number of UAVs used.
METHODOLOGY FOR MAKING EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS TO ENSURE THE PHYSICAL SECURITY OF CRITICAL FACILITIES
Authors: Shniakina E. A. , Kostin V. N.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the issues of evaluating the effectiveness of the system of physical protection of critical facilities and the development of control solutions to ensure the necessary requirements for it. The relevance of the presented tasks is due to the increase in the number and types of violations, the improvement of the technical capabilities of violators, the complexity and variety of objects of protection. The presented methodology for making effective management decisions to ensure the physical security of critical facilities is a comprehensive study of physical protection systems. With the help of a simulation model, the probability of a safe state of the object on the specified routes of penetration of the intruder is estimated. The method of principal components revealed latent connections between routes, on the basis of which the decomposition of the complex task of managing the physical security of the object was carried out to obtain more reliable dependences of the probability of the safe state of the object on the parameters (characteristics and structure) physical protection systems. For each group of routes the probability of a safe state of the object of which is insufficient, a regression equation is constructed using a complete factorial experiment – a unique function of the object’s safety management. The analysis of the coefficients of the regression equations makes it possible to make effective management decisions to modernize the structure of the physical protection system, increasing its effectiveness to the required value.Obtaining management functions is the author’s methodology for making effective management decisions to ensure the physical security of critical facilities and determines the scientific novelty of the work.
COVİD-19 (YENİ KORONAVİRÜS) SALGIN SÜRECİNDE ADIYAMAN’DA KARANTİNA KAPSAMINDA BİR DEVLET YURDUNDA KALAN BİREYLERİN PSİKO-SOSYAL DURUMLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: KILIÇ Burak , SERTPOLAT Murat
Published: December 2023

Salgın (epidemos), bir enfeksiyon hastalığının Dünya’da birden fazla ülkeye veya kıtaya kısa bir zamanda yayılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın konusu, Dünya’da hala etkileri görülen COVİD-19 (Yeni Koronavirüs) salgını sürecinde yurtdışından gelmiş ve Adıyaman ilinde söz konusu yurtta karantina altına alınmış olan bireylerin psiko-sosyal destek durumlarının incelenmesi hakkındadır. Araştırmanın amacı, yurtta kalmış ve psiko-sosyal desteğe ihtiyacı olan bireylerin bu ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasıdır. Bu süreçte psiko-sosyal destek en az tedavi kadar önemlidir ve iyileşme sürecini oldukça hızlandırmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın metodolojisi, nicel araştırma yöntemi olup; veri toplamak için anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmış olan 350 bireye “Psiko-Sosyal Destek Anketi” uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler SPSS programında değerlendirilerek “Frekans Analizi” uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın analizleri sonucunda, karantina altına alınmış olan bireylerin genellikle yurtlardan memnun kaldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin bu konu hakkında yapılan birçok çalışma gibi literatüre farklı açılardan katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness after reactive hyperemia is dependent on increases in blood flow
Authors: Jackson Ronald E. , Lima Natalia S. , Sherman Sara R. , Clifford Philip S.
Published: December 2023

The acute reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness during reactive hyperemia is assumed to be flow‐mediated; however, the mechanism remains unproven. We hypothesized that restricting the blood flow increase during reactive hyperemia would abolish the reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness. Fourteen healthy young adults (5 females, 25 ± 5 years, mean ± SD) underwent reactive hyperemia with a rapid‐release cuff on the upper arm inflated to 220 mmHg for 5 min: once with unrestricted blood flow and once with restricted blood flow by manually applying pressure to the brachial artery. Brachial–radial pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured with tonometers over brachial and radial arteries before cuff inflation and at 5, 15, and 30 min after release. Brachial blood flow was monitored with Doppler ultrasound. Baseline brachial–radial PWV was similar between conditions (10.3 ± 1.8 vs. 10.7 ± 1.7 m/s). With unrestricted flow, PWV decreased 5 min post‐reactive hyperemia (8.6 ± 1.1 m/s; p < 0.05) and returned near baseline at 15 and 30 min post (p < 0.05). With restricted flow, PWV did not change (p > 0.05) post‐reactive hyperemia. Reactive hyperemia acutely reduced peripheral arterial stiffness, but not when brachial artery blood flow increase was restricted. This suggests that the reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness during reactive hyperemia depends on increased blood flow.
The Push for the Free Transfer of IP Rights in Medical Biotechnology
Authors: Benzvi Elijah
Published: December 2023

Biotechnology is a broad range of technologies that employ living organisms or parts of them to make diverse products. Biotechnology, within the American bioeconomy, is a growing topic of concern with recent investments to help address infectious diseases, food security, and energy security. From vaccine development to comprehensive DNA mapping, the medical biotechnological industry is rapidly expanding at the forefront of technological advancement. The evolution of biotechnology as it is known today began in the 1980s with the commercialization of biotech products. The future of biotechnology is bright with scientific breakthroughs, government incentive offerings, cost-effective research and development, and therapeutic advancements to cure medical conditions that currently have inadequate or no inaccessible therapies.
Confidence in causal inference under structure uncertainty in linear causal models with equal variances
Authors: Strieder David , Drton Mathias
Published: December 2023

Inferring the effect of interventions within complex systems is a fundamental problem of statistics. A widely studied approach uses structural causal models that postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables. The underlying causal structure is then naturally represented by a directed graph whose edges indicate direct causal dependencies. In a recent line of work, additional assumptions on the causal models have been shown to render this causal graph identifiable from observational data alone. One example is the assumption of linear causal relations with equal error variances that we will take up in this work. When the graph structure is known, classical methods may be used for calculating estimates and confidence intervals for causal-effects. However, in many applications, expert knowledge that provides an a priori valid causal structure is not available. Lacking alternatives, a commonly used two-step approach first learns a graph and then treats the graph as known in inference. This, however, yields confidence intervals that are overly optimistic and fail to account for the data-driven model choice. We argue that to draw reliable conclusions, it is necessary to incorporate the remaining uncertainty about the underlying causal structure in confidence statements about causal-effects. To address this issue, we present a framework based on test inversion that allows us to give confidence regions for total causal-effects that capture both sources of uncertainty: causal structure and numerical size of non-zero effects.
Synaptic changes in pallidostriatal circuits observed in parkinsonian model triggers abnormal beta synchrony with accurate spatio-temporal properties across the basal ganglia
Authors: Lindi Shiva Azizpour , Mallet Nicolas P. , Leblois Arthur
Published: December 2023

Excessive oscillatory activity across basal ganglia (BG) nuclei in theβfrequencies (12-30 Hz) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). While the link between oscillations and symptoms remains debated, exaggeratedβoscillations constitute an important biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness in PD. The neuronal mechanisms ofβ-oscillation generation however remain unknown. Many existing models rely on a central role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or cortical inputs to BG. Contrarily, neural recordings and optogenetic manipulations in normal and parkinsonian rats recently highlighted the central role of the external pallidum (GPe) in abnormalβoscillations, while showing that the integrity of STN or motor cortex is not required. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms for the generation of abnormalβoscillations in a BG network model where neuronal and synaptic time constants, connectivity, and firing rate distributions are strongly constrained by experimental data. Guided by a mean-field approach, we show in a spiking neural network that several BG sub-circuits can drive oscillations. Strong recurrent STN-GPe connections or collateral intra-GPe connections drive gamma oscillations (> 40Hz), whereas strong pallidostriatal loops drive low-β(10-15Hz) oscillations. We show that pathophysiological strengthening of striatal and pallidal synapses following dopamine depletion leads to the emergence of synchronized oscillatory activity in the mid-βrange with spike-phase relationships between BG neuronal populations in-line with experiments. Furthermore, inhibition of GPe, contrary to STN, abolishes oscillations. Our modeling study uncovers the neural mechanisms underlying PDβoscillations and may thereby guide the future development of therapeutic strategies.

Significance StatementIn Parkinson's disease, neural activity in subcortical nuclei called the basal ganglia displays abnormal oscillatory synchronization that constitutes an important biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness. The neural mechanisms for the generation of these oscillations remain unknown. Here, in a theoretical neuronal network model strongly constrained by anatomical and physiological data, we show that specific circuit modifications in basal ganglia connectivity during Parkinson's disease lead to the emergence of synchronized oscillatory activity in the network with properties that strongly agree with available experimental evidence. This and future theoretical investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal neuronal activity in Parkinson's disease are necessary to guide the future development of therapeutic strategies to ameliorate symptoms.
Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Ameliorates Autistic-Like Phenotypes in Mice
Authors: Pan Yi-da , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Wen-ying , Zhu Min-zhen , Li Huan-yu , Ouyang Wen-jie , Wen Qin-qing , Zhu Xin-hong
Published: December 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and stereotyped behaviors. Although major advances in basic research on autism have been achieved in the past decade, and behavioral interventions can mitigate the difficulties that individuals with autism experience, little is known about the many fundamental issues of the interventions, and no specific medication has demonstrated efficiency for the core symptoms of ASD. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) is characterized by repeated exposure to lowered atmospheric pressure and oxygen levels, which triggers multiple physiological adaptations in the body. Here, using two mouse models of ASD, maleShank3B−/−andFmr1−/ymice, we found that IHH training at an altitude of 5,000 m for 4 h per day, for 14 consecutive days, ameliorated autistic-like behaviors. Moreover, IHH training enhanced hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and activated the DRN serotonergic neurons. Infusion of cobalt chloride into the DRN, to mimic IHH in increasing HIF1α expression or genetically knockdown PHD2 to upregulate HIF1α expression in the DRN serotonergic neurons, alleviated autistic-like behaviors inShank3B−/−mice. In contrast, downregulation of HIF1α in DRN serotonergic neurons induced compulsive behaviors. Furthermore, upregulating HIF1α in DRN serotonergic neurons increased the firing rates of these neurons, whereas downregulation of HIF1α in DRN serotonergic neurons decreased their firing rates. These findings suggest that IHH activated DRN serotonergic neurons via upregulation of HIF1α, and thus ameliorated autistic-like phenotypes, providing a novel therapeutic option for ASD.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in wound healing: harnessing a dual-edged sword
Authors: Murali Roopak , Evangelina Rachel , Samuel Joanna Pauline , Singh Pooja , Saha Shivangi , Singhal Maneesh , Gandhirajan Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

Graphical abstract

Chronic wounds take longer to heal and, if left untreated, can result in severe repercussions such as sepsis, gangrene, and amputation. The current treatment procedures followed are wound cleaning and debridement, specialized dressings, antibiotics and antiseptics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and vacuum-assisted wound closure. Some of the limitations of these treatment options are multidrug resistance and tissue toxicity. Cold plasma is an emerging technology that has opened a new frontier in biomedical applications and is found to have great utility in wound healing. Cold plasma comprises reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that can be targeted against bacterial inactivation and improve wound healing. The amount of RONS produced can be controlled by several parameters such as gas composition, flow rate, power, frequency, voltage, distance, and exposure time. The reactive species causes damage to the cell membrane as well as the intracellular components which ultimately lead to bacterial cell death. It can also accelerate wound healing by activating neutrophils, macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. These help in maintaining tissue oxygenation, initiating angiogenesis, collagen synthesis which aids in rapid wound closure. In this review, we summarize the various characteristics of cold plasma that can be optimized to produce an effective antimicrobial effect. The different mechanisms of bacterial inactivation and the stimulation of wound healing processes by the reactive species are discussed. Furthermore, numerous pieces of evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials that prove that cold plasma is an effective approach are presented.
Declinaciones del trabajo en la Modernidad: norma, tecnología, género
Authors: Navarro Ruiz Clara
Published: December 2023

La noción de trabajo asume un papel cada vez más relevante en la filosofía social contemporánea. Bajo tal premisa, el siguiente artículo tiene un doble objetivo: en primer lugar, exponer los motivos por los que dicha noción se ha convertido en un objeto central de la filosofía social y tras ello, mostrar los beneficios que puede tener una perspectiva compleja en el estudio de la realidad laboral contemporánea. Para ello partimos de la aproximación al concepto de trabajo de la tradición posthegeliana. A continuación, indicamos sus beneficios por medio de dos fenómenos concretos: las transformaciones del derecho laboral contemporáneo y la evolución del trabajo de reproducción en vinculación con las transformaciones tecnológicas.
La filosofía moral de Adorno. ¿Es posible la ética en un mundo de contradicciones?
Authors: López- Pérez Sheila
Published: December 2023

El presente texto tiene por objetivo rastrear, a través de la filosofía moral de Adorno, la posibilidad de actuar éticamente en un mundo falso, injusto y lleno de contradicciones. Con miras a ello, analizaremos primeramente las características de dicho mundo; acto seguido, presentaremos la necesidad de los individuos de proyectar sus actos en un mundo indeterminado para poder subjetivarse a través del acierto. Posteriormente, plantearemos que en una sociedad administrada con todas las variables fijadas no es posible que el individuo se subjetive. Por último, trazaremos las coordenadas para la emergencia del sujeto moral en uncontexto de inmoralidad.
Carga de la prueba, intuiciones metaéticas implícitas y objetivismo moral
Authors: Miranda Rojas Rafael
Published: December 2023

Recientemente, Wagner et al (2021) han desarrollado una crítica a la posición metaética pro objetivismo moral, a partir de lo que denominan “burden of proof argument” (p.2) Se trata fundamentalmente de rechazar que la carga de la prueba en la discusión entre objetivismo – no objetivismo moral se encuentre en la postura no objetivista, y que ello derive por lo tanto en una ventaja inicial de la postura objetivista, aquella que sostiene que hay verdades morales. Sostengo en este escrito que el argumento falla en un presupuesto central que es rechazado por la postura objetivista: que las verdades morales dependan de los estados epistémicos de un sujeto cognoscente S o grupo G. Por lo tanto, no es relevante desde una perspectiva metaética qué intuiciones tienen, o no, cierto grupo G o sujeto S. No obstante, se evalúan las consecuencias de sostener la no centralidad de las intuiciones (Machery 2017) para una postura metaética, y cómo las mismas no pueden por tanto ser una vía para una postura no objetivista ni para una postura objetivista. Ello impide alcanzar la conclusión central del análisis desarrollado por Wagner et alia (2021), a saber: que la posición metaética por defecto sea la que denominan pluralismo metaético, y que de este pluralismo se derive una posición moral no objetivista atribuible desde las folk intuitions.
Entre la anarquía y la tiranía: el sentido republicano del primer debate político en el Perú
Authors: Flores Camacho Francisco Alejandro
Published: December 2023

El objetivo del presente escrito es adentrarse en la primera discusión pública que se dio en la recién emancipada nación peruana1. La discusión en torno a cuál sería la mejor forma de gobierno conjugó argumentos en los que sus interlocutores mostraban partir de interpretaciones similares de la realidad política. Sin embargo, esto no los llevó a realizar la misma apuesta. La distancia entre las propuestas se entiende en vista de los principales temores que se prefirió atender: anarquía o tiranía. Estos serán los dos escenarios que monárquicos y republicanos verán con preocupación, aunque se inclinarán por dar mayor trascendencia a alguno de los dos. El artículo se propone enmarcar estas preocupaciones y los argumentos propuestos en el lenguaje de la tradición republicana, resaltando los matices que usaron los interlocutores de esta primera discusión en la política nacional y acudiendo al pensamiento de republicanos como Cicerón y Maquiavelo.
Teatro Nacional: de la institucionalidad pública a las redes de articulación (1971-2022)
Authors: Moreno Baca María Carina
Published: December 2023

Este texto explora en la historia de las compañías nacional de teatro y sus contextos para buscar considerar su pertinencia en este momento. La investigación se desarrolló a partir de la revisión de libros, documentos, artículos académicos, artículos periodísticos y entrevistas con los responsables de algunas de las iniciativas. El resultado fue la identificación de cuatro hitos: el nacimiento en 1946 con Santiago Ontañón, el paso a la INSAD y a La Cabaña con Armando Robles Godoy y el Teatro Ambulante en 1957, el Teatro Nacional Popular con Alonso Alegría en 1971 y el Teatro Nacional en 1995 con Ruth Escudero. Tras la revisión, se concluyó que, en este momento, no es pertinente ni necesaria una compañía nacional, ya que competiría con la producción local.
Alex Hurtado Lazo. Chirapu y el vanguardismo de las periferias internas. Ediciones MyL, 2022, 164 pp.
Authors: Luján Sandoval Sergio
Published: December 2023

El libro titulado Chirapu y el vanguardismo de las periferias internas (2022), del investigador sanmarquino Alex Hurtado Lazo, es una valiosa publicación que se enmarca en el espectro de las vanguardias peruanas y que se articula dentro de los pocos y potentes trabajos sobre las revistas que emergieron durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930, como El laboratorio de la vanguardia literaria en el Perú (1999) o Indigenismo de vanguardia en el Perú. Un estudio sobre el Boletín Titikaka (2000) de Yazmín López Lenci y Cynthia Vich, respectivamente1. A ellos, el texto que se reseña se suma para conformar un conjunto de investigaciones que deviene más elástico, polifónico y, al mismo tiempo, que despeja nuevas rutas para continuar explorando las producciones estético-políticas de las zonas surandinas.
Intertextos franceses en la narrativa de Horacio Quiroga
Authors: Rodríguez-Villamil Silvia Antúnez
Published: December 2023

El presente ensayo estudia los intertextos franceses en la narrativa de Horacio Quiroga, en especial de escritores fin de siècle como Paul Verlaine y Guy de Maupassant, con quienes comparte una estética decadentista. Si bien la producción de Quiroga ya se ha estudiado en relación con la obra de Edgar Allan Poe y de Rudyard Kipling, no se ha vinculado con los autores franceses del último tercio del siglo xix, de singular importancia en Uruguay para la generación del Novecientos, a la que pertenece. La línea de análisis transversal que sugieren los intertextos recorre sus narraciones y permite realizar una lectura tomando como punto de partida el cuento poco conocido “Las voces queridas que se han callado”, al que se van asociando otros textos del autor.
Influencias en el humanismo ilustrado de Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza
Authors: González Villacorta Steves
Published: December 2023

Este artículo muestra los estudios que se han realizado en torno al pensamiento de Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza y cómo se ha intentado presentar sus ideas vinculadas a la filosofía. Las ideas ilustradas comparadas van desde el pensamiento inglés hasta el alemán, con el fin de encontrar influencias. Asimismo, se analizan las relaciones que hay entre los ilustrados peruanos y su pensamiento humanista, para determinar el intercambio de ideas filosóficas en ese contexto. Para ello, se tuvo como objetivo revisar las influencias del humanismo y de la ilustración que estudió Rodríguez de Mendoza, que van desde Bacon hasta Descartes. Este interés, como se concluye, se evidencia en su crítica a la enseñanza repetitiva de Aristóteles y en su afinidad por las ideas políticas liberales.
Reflexiones sobre empatía, ética y el reconocimiento de la persona
Authors: Chavez Rabanal Mario Gonzalo
Published: December 2023

En las líneas siguientes se presentan reflexiones sobre la relación entre la empatía y la ética, y su influencia en el reconocimiento del ser humano como persona con la capacidad de construir la comunidad política, ideas que forman parte de un trabajo mayor que se desarrolla en la investigación para optar el grado de doctor en Filosofía de la Unidad de Posgrado de la Facultad de Letras de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se reflexiona en el presente artículo sobre la relación entre empatía y ética considerando al yo y al otro. Estas reflexiones nos permitirán establecer una relación entre el yo y el otro reconociéndose como personas, iguales y con la capacidad de edificar la comunidad política. Se toma de la empatía la capacidad de ponerse en la perspectiva del otro y de la ética el deber de preocuparse y del cuidado de sí y de los demás.
Диагональный процесс фон Неймана как обобщенный предел Банаха и условное ожидание для наблюдаемых операторов с непрерывным спектром
Authors: Melničenko Grigorijus
Published: December 2023

There is not abstract.