bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zipper repair of 3 cm iatrogenic colonic perforation with dual‐channel endoscope and twin grasper‐assisted titanium clip
Authors: Yang Wei , Wen Wei , Ren Xiaoli , Zhai Qi , Li Shupei , Xuan Ji
Published: July 2023

A 53‐year‐old man undergoing painless colonoscopy for long‐term diarrhea. After colonoscopy withdrawing to the sigmoid colon, a local perforation was found, about 3 cm in size, oval in shape. We used a two‐channel endoscope and grip to pull the edges of the intestinal wall on both sides of the perforation site to close together, and then repair the 3 cm oval perforation of the colon through multiple ordinary titanium clips. The patient had no obvious infection after surgery and recovered well after 1 month of follow‐up. Preliminary experience has shown that using multiple titanium clips under dual‐channel endoscope to zipper suture can effectively repair 3 cm iatrogenic colonic perforations.
Exploring the impact of clawback on pharmaceutical expenditure: A case study of public hospitals in Greece
Authors: Letsios Apostolos N. , Mavridoglou George , Ladopoulou Domniki , Tsourdini Despoina , Dedes Nikolaos , Polyzos Nikolaos M.
Published: July 2023

Several European administrations have applied various mechanisms promoting cost containment to stabilise their budgets for pharmaceutical expenditure. Since 2016, Greece has adopted the clawback as a policy to contain the NHS hospitals' pharmaceutical expenditure, which increased significantly in the 2016–2020 period. The present study reviews the impact of this policy on the operation of NHS hospitals, the uninterrupted supply and rational use of their medicines, along with the sustainability of their finances. The trend of pharmaceutical expenditure for the period 2016–2020 is combined with further analysis of detailed drug consumption data of 15 sampled NHS hospitals. The data is classified by Anatomical Therapeutic Category (ATC) and the percentage of clawback distributed to each ATC and pharmaceutical company is calculated. It was found that a large proportion of the clawback is allocated to a few therapeutic categories (ATCs) and consequently, few pharmaceutical companies are particularly burdened. The increased burden on pharmaceutical companies, due to the continuous increase in the excessive pharmaceutical expenditure of the NHS hospitals and their limited budget, endangers the uninterrupted supply of medicines to hospitals and the viability of pharmaceutical companies. This issue was discussed in a scientific consensus group*, in which participants proposed ways to keep the level of pharmaceutical expenditure in line with patients' needs, the country's economic potential, and the sustainability of pharmaceutical companies.
Post Covid‐19 behaviour problems: it's not all about pandemic puppies!
Authors: Loftus Loni
Published: July 2023

The extent of the social behaviour issues that arose in dogs following the Covid‐19 pandemic has been apparent for several years now, but some owners are still struggling to cope. Following the first Covid‐19 lockdown in 2020, various sources reported increases in unwanted behaviours with associated increases in pet relinquishment and abandonment rates as owners struggled with new pets or their pets' new behavioural problems. This article considers behaviour problems in both puppies and adult dogs following the pandemic. It discusses the risk factors involved in socialisation issues, emotional motivations for the behavioural changes, how owners are tackling them and provides useful tips that veterinary professionals can employ to set up treatment strategies to help.
Nonhuman Primates in Public Health: Between Biological Standardization, Conservation and Care
Authors: Druglitrø Tone
Published: July 2023

By the mid-1960s, nonhuman primates had become key experimental organisms for vaccine development and testing, and was seen by many scientists as important for the future success of this field as well as other biomedical undertakings. A major hindrance to expanding the use of nonhuman primates was the dependency on wild-captured animals. In addition to unreliable access and poor animal health, procurement of wild primates involved the circulation of infectious diseases and thus also public health hazards. This paper traces how the World Health Organization (WHO) became involved in the issue of primate supply, and shows how by the late 1960s concerns for vaccine development and the conservation of wildlife began to converge. How did the WHO navigate public health and animal health? What characterized the response and with what implications for humans and animals? The paper explores how technical standards of care were central to managing the conflicting concerns of animal and human health, biological standardization, and conservation. While the WHO’s main aim was to prevent public health risks, I argue that imposing new standards of care implied establishing new hierarchies of humans and animals, and cultures of care.
The Legal and the Literary: Cultural Perspectives on Brexit
Authors: Nicolini Matteo , Fiorato Sidia
Published: July 2023

The essay introduces a special issue on Brexit. Instead of merely focusing on its legal implications, this issue undertakes an examination of the UK leaving the EU from a law-and-humanities perspective. The legal analysis is therefore complemented by a broader assessment of the social and cultural features of Brexit, also extending over the complexity of the present and the incertitude posed by its future. Brexit is also a matter of reimagination; constitutional and literary issues thus coalesce towards a transdisciplinary dialogue. To this extent, the collected essays engage with Brexlit, i.e. novels and essays, political pamphlets, and other writings prompted by Brexit. The aim is to explore the doubts, fears, and threats that still haunt the UK after leaving the EU, paying particular attention to the development of new narrative strategies and forms capable of reflecting and giving expression to the new Brexit identities.
The Logic of Lexical Connectives
Authors: Sbardolini Giorgio
Published: July 2023

Natural language does not express all connectives definable in classical logic as simple lexical items. Coordination in English is expressed by conjunction and, disjunction or, and negated disjunction nor. Other languages pattern similarly. Non-lexicalized connectives are typically expressed compositionally: in English, negated conjunction is typically expressed by combining negation and conjunction (not both). This is surprising: if $$\wedge $$
∧
and $$\vee $$
∨
are duals, and the negation of the latter can be expressed lexically (nor), why not the negation of the former? I present a two-tiered model of the semantics of the binary connectives. The first tier captures the expressive power of the lexicon: it is a bilateral state-based semantics that, under a restriction, can express all and only the distinctions that can be expressed by the lexicon of natural language (and, or, nor). This first tier is characterized by rejection as non-assertion and a Neglect Zero assumption. The second tier is obtained by dropping the Neglect Zero assumption and enforcing a stronger notion of rejection, thereby recovering classical logic and thus definitions for all Boolean connectives. On the two-tiered model, we distinguish the limited expressive resources of the lexicon and the greater combinatorial expressive power of the language as a whole. This gives us a logic-based account of compositionality for the Boolean fragment of the language.
Secrets of the clouded leopard: abundance, habitat use and carnivore coexistence in tropical forest of Manas National Park, Assam, India
Authors: Bhatt Urjit , Lyngdoh Salvador
Published: July 2023

The mainland clouded leopardNeofelis nebulosais categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and considered at high risk of extinction in the wild. Despite this, knowledge of its ecology and population status remains limited. We investigated the population density, habitat utilization and spatial and temporal ecology of the clouded leopard in Manas National Park, north-east India. We deployed camera traps across the forested habitats of Manas for 11,388 trap-nights, resulting in images of 12 clouded leopard individuals. The estimated population density was 1.73 individuals per 100 km2and the relative abundance index was 0.18 per 100 trap-nights. The availability of small prey species and primary forests influenced clouded leopard habitat use significantly, highlighting the potential conservation importance of species such as hares, gallinaceous birds, porcupines and primates. We observed a high degree of temporal overlap (> 0.70), with distinct activity peaks, between clouded leopards and sympatric carnivores. We observed no spatial co-occurrence pattern between clouded leopards and sympatric carnivores. This study contributes to our understanding of the mainland clouded leopard population and its behavioural ecology in Manas National Park.
Effectiveness and safety of caplacizumab in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: health technology assessment and classification according to the methodology established in Colombia
Authors: Soto-Mora Jahir A. , Gómez-Espitia Lina M. , Lasalvia Pieralessandro , Castellanos Moreno Camilo A. , Casallas Vanegas Carol A. , Londoño Gutiérrez Sergio A.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) is a rare hematological disease whose clinical management includes caplacizumab along with plasma exchange and immunosuppression, according to international guidelines. Caplacizumab has been available in Colombia since 2022. This study seeks to determine the therapeutic classification of caplacizumab according to the methodology of the Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud.

Methods

The classification was carried out through a deliberative process following the modified Delphi technique, with a panel of experts, made up of four hemato-oncologists, a pharmaceutical chemist, and a patient. The results of effectiveness and safety obtained through a systematic review, therapeutic thresholds (clinical significance), and degree of acceptability (willingness to use the technology) were used for the classification.

Results

Fourteen effectiveness and safety outcomes were submitted for the classification process. Caplacizumab showed clinical significance for some effectiveness outcomes, was not considered inferior in terms of safety, and displayed acceptability of use. Through consensus, the panel determined that caplacizumab plus the standard regimen is superior to the standard regimen in terms of treatment response and composite outcome, and no different for the other effectiveness and safety outcomes. Likewise, in overall terms, the panel determined that caplacizumab together with the standard regimen is superior to the standard regimen.

Conclusion

Treatment with caplacizumab together with the standard regimen was considered superior to the standard regimen for the treatment of patients with aTTP, as it showed clinically significant benefits in critical outcomes for decision making, and a safety profile no different to its comparator.
Infrastructural Thinking in China: A Research Agenda
Authors: Rippa Alessandro , Oakes Tim
Published: July 2023

Despite China's leading role in the construction of infrastructure over the past decades, the most influential paradigms for the study of infrastructure in the social sciences originate from research conducted elsewhere. This introduction to the special section “Chinese Infrastructure: Techno-politics, Materialities, Legacies” seeks to address this apparent gap, and contributes to building an innovative research agenda for an infrastructural approach in the China studies field. To do so, it pushes forward an understanding of infrastructure as both an empirically rich material object of research and an analytical strategy for framing research questions. We draw from two strands of inquiry: recent efforts to rethink the materiality of infrastructures not as an inert or stable basis upon which more dynamic social processes emerge, but rather as unstable assemblages of human and non-human agencies; and scholarship that explores the often hidden (techno-)political dimensions of infrastructures, through which certain intended and unintended outcomes emerge less from the realms of policy and implementation and more from the material dispositions and effects of infrastructural formations. These strands of inquiry are brought together as part of our effort to recognize that the infrastructural basis of China's approach to development and statecraft deserves a more concerted theorizing of infrastructure than we have seen thus far.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE “LANIER WING” DESIGN
Authors: STOKES Y. M. , SWEATMAN W. L. , HOCKING G. C.
Published: July 2023

Six patents were secured by E. H. Lanier from 1930 to 1933 for aeroplane designs that were intended to be exceptionally stable. A feature of five of these was a flow-induced “vacuum chamber” which was thought to provide superior stability and increased lift compared to typical wing designs. Initially, this chamber was in the fuselage, but later designs placed it in the wing by replacing a section of the upper skin of the wing with a series of angled slats. We report upon an investigation of the Lanier wing design using inviscid aerodynamic theory and viscous numerical simulations. This took place at the 2005 Australia–New Zealand Mathematics-in-Industry Study Group. The evidence from this investigation does not support the claims but, rather, suggests that any improvement in lift and/or stability seen in the few prototypes that were built was, most probably, due to thicker airfoils than were typical at the time.
Diversity in Indian wheat (T. aestivumL.) germplasm for various agro-morphological traits
Authors: Sabhyata Sabhyata , Gupta Arun , Aggarwal Diwakar , Tiwari Ratan , Singh Gyanendra , Singh Gyanendra Pratap
Published: July 2023

A better understanding of diversity in landraces is essential for planning crosses for the development of trait specific varieties with better adaptability and stability. In the present study, 120 wheat genotypes comprised of landraces, genetic stocks, released varieties and improved genotypes were evaluated in randomized block design for 14 agro-morphological traits. The clustering method and principal component analysis (PCA) programme of Statistical Package for Agricultural Research (SPAR1) was used for grouping the genotypes. These 120 genotypes were grouped into nine clusters based on agro-morphological traits. These nine clusters differed significantly on the basis of mean values for 14 agro-morphological traits. PCA showed that the two principal components (PC1 to PC2) exhibited about 49% of the total variability. Scatter plot was constructed by plotting scores of PC1 and PC2. Based on mean values obtained over two years, the diverse superior genotypes were identified for utilization in hybridization programme. From the present study, we conclude that cluster analysis grouped the landraces with greater agro-morphological similarity into one group rather than geographical isolation indicating that geographical origin may not be the only factor causing diversity. Further, released varieties exhibited superiority for grain yield, while many landraces had higher values for number of tillers in a meter, biomass and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Thus, for the improvement in TGW in released varieties, the hybridization between superior landraces for TGW from cluster ‘E’ and released wheat varieties from cluster ‘C’ could give desirable segregates.
Clergy-lay political (mis)alignment in 2019–2020
Authors: Roso Joseph , Chaves Mark
Published: July 2023

We use data from the new and nationally representative National Survey of Religious Leaders, supplemented with the 2018 General Social Survey, to examine the extent to which clergy are politically aligned with people in their congregations. Two assessments of alignment—clergy reports of how their political views compare to the political views held by most people in their congregations, and comparisons between clergy and lay voting preferences in the 2016 election—yield the same findings. Clergy in Black Protestant and predominantly white evangelical churches are much more likely to be politically aligned with their people than are Catholic or, especially, white mainline Protestant clergy, who often are more liberal than their people. Contrary to media reports suggesting that evangelical clergy are now likely to be less conservative than their people, the vast majority are either politically aligned with, or more conservative than, their members.
A systematic review exploring the association between the human gut microbiota and brain connectivity in health and disease
Authors: Mulder Danique , Aarts Esther , Arias Vasquez Alejandro , Bloemendaal Mirjam
Published: July 2023

A body of pre-clinical evidence shows how the gut microbiota influence brain functioning, including brain connectivity. Linking measures of brain connectivity to the gut microbiota can provide important mechanistic insights into the bi-directional gut-brain communication. In this systematic review, we therefore synthesized the available literature assessing this association, evaluating the degree of consistency in microbiota-connectivity associations. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted, including studies published up to September 1, 2022. We identified 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Several bacterial genera, including Prevotella, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Collinsella were most frequently reported in association with brain connectivity. Additionally, connectivity of the salience (specifically the insula and anterior cingulate cortex), default mode, and frontoparietal networks were most frequently associated with the gut microbiota, both in terms of microbial diversity and composition. There was no discernible pattern in the association between microbiota and brain connectivity. Altogether, based on our synthesis, there is evidence for an association between the gut microbiota and brain connectivity. However, many findings were poorly replicated across studies, and the specificity of the association is yet unclear. The current studies show substantial inter-study heterogeneity in methodology and reporting, limiting the robustness and reproducibility of the findings and emphasizing the need to harmonize methodological approaches. To enhance comparability and replicability, future research should focus on further standardizing processing pipelines and employing data-driven multivariate analysis strategies.
Dotted crystallisation: nucleation accelerated, regulated, and guided by carbon dots
Authors: Vashistha Mayank , Cliffe Caoilfhionn , Murphy Emma , Palanisamy Parimaladevi , Stewart Andy , Gadipelli Srinivas , Howard Christopher A. , Brett Dan J. L. , Kumar K. Vasanth
Published: July 2023

Dotted crystallisation can regulate and accelerate nucleation and can minimise batch production time.
Cr-doped Al2O3–YAG binary and Al2O3–YAG–ZrO2 ternary eutectic materials crystallized by the micro pulling down technique and their characterization
Authors: Xu J. , Guyot Y. , Nehari A. , Pillonnet A. , Ledoux G. , Takeda H. , Xiaodong X. , Lebbou K.
Published: July 2023

Cr-doped Al2O3–YAG and Al2O3–YAG–ZrO2 eutectic ceramics rods of 3 mm in diameter were solidified from the melt by a micro-pulling down (μ-PD) technique.
Iodine(i)-based and iodine(iii)-based halogen bond catalysis on the Friedel–Crafts reaction: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhao Chang , Li Ying , Li Xiaoyan , Zeng Yanli
Published: July 2023

The iodine(i)-based and iodine(iii)-based halogen bond catalysis on the Friedel–Crafts reaction were investigated and compared.
Molten salt infiltration–oxidation synergistic controlled lithium extraction from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries: an efficient, acid free, and closed-loop strategy
Authors: Zhang Jiafeng , Zou Jingtian , He Di , Hu Wenyang , Peng Dezhao , Li Yong , Zhao Zaowen , Wang Shubin , Li Pengfei , Su Shilin , Ma Keyi , Wang Xiaowei
Published: July 2023

Based on a molten salt Li extraction from spent LiFePO4, which constitutes a one-step preparation with a LiFePO4 product, a closed-loop process was conducted to regenerate a spent LiFePO4 cathode.
Highly efficient production and purification of fructoseviaglucose isomerization by calcium chloride and triethylamine
Authors: Guo Zhaohui , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Chang Honghong , Wang Yingxiong , Qiao Yan
Published: July 2023

CaCl2and Et3N promoted glucose isomerization cooperatively, the generated fructose with CaCl2 and Et3N form the α-fructofuranose complex, which shifted the reaction equilibrium towards fructose formation and precipitated fructose from the mixture.
“On-water” defluorophosphorylation of trifluoromethylated enones with phosphine oxides
Authors: Chu Xue-Qiang , Sun Li-Wen , Ma Cheng , Chen Jia-Wei , Chen Yu-Lan , Ni Shao-Fei , Zhu Ming-Quan , Zhou Jie , Ma Mengtao , Shen Zhi-Liang
Published: July 2023

An efficient “on-water” reaction of β-trifluoromethylated enones with phosphine oxides was developed for the preparation of phosphorylatedgem-difluorodienes with excellentZ-selectivity.
Synthesis of tosyl starch in eco-friendly media
Authors: Namnouad Phitawat , Kongkaew Manisa , Pikulthong Suttiporn , Wongsagonsup Rungtiwa , Amornsakchai Taweechai , Smith Siwaporn Meejoo , Bunchuay Thanthapatra
Published: July 2023

A green strategy for efficient tosylation of starch was demonstrated in the eco-friendly solvent NaOH–urea in the presence of surfactants.
Development of Agriculture in the Context of Geopolitical Tensions
Authors: Yalmaev Rustam , Shkarupa Ekaterina , Gorshkova Natalya
Published: July 2023

The conditions of instability in the country, due to economic and political aspects, dictate the need to expand and strengthen the agricultural potential that can provide the country’s population with food. Despite geopolitical tensions, domestic agriculture has shown decent results in the past year, with some production volumes reaching scale. The purpose of this study is to study the key trends in the development of agriculture, the emphasis is placed primarily on crop production. Realizing the importance of ensuring food security, the tasks of the state should be to create stimulating conditions for intensifying the process of import substitution. It is necessary to expand the potential of domestic breeding, the development prospects of which are seen in the application of the “triple helix” concept (state-business-science). Providing farmers with highly effective plant protection products is also an important component of the agrarian policy of the state, which ensures, first of all, an increase in production and, as a result, consumption. In 2023, the mechanism of state support is being improved; appropriately raised the issue of adjusting the directions and priorities due to sanctions pressure and a shift in emphasis towards the policy of import substitution.
The Mechanism of Carbon Regulation of Emissions in Industrial Energy
Authors: Musaeva Kheda , Annadurdyeva Gulpam
Published: July 2023

The introduction of cross-border taxes on hydrocarbon-intensive goods in the EU is expected in 2023, and the draft proposals are expected in the second quarter of 2021. The conditions for collecting such a tax from the EU will affect the interests of the EU itself for the next two decades remaining under the Green Deal until zero emissions. Apparently, the mechanism of tax collection will soon become clear, where and for what the collected funds will be directed. The issue of the impact of new taxes on Russian exports shifts the internal debate over the nature of such regulation to several urgent issues. This is the need for a more accurate, reliable and documented accounting of emissions in the country. And this is the choice of the option of adapting the country’s tax system to minimize the losses of companies, which began to be actively discussed, since the time factor begins to operate. An important aspect of the problem is the need for the simultaneous and rapid introduction of measures in the field of regulation, taxes, statistics in a complex, depending on the chosen response option. The new measures will not only affect the country’s climate programs, taxation and foreign trade, but will also have implications for economic strategy and even regional development.
Features of Landslide Manifestations in the Mountainous Parts of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Gakaev Rustam , Ahmieva Roza , Dzhandarova Luiza
Published: July 2023

In the distribution of landslides on the territory of the North Caucasus, there is a regularity associated with the latitudinal zonality of the climatic and geological conditions of landslide formation. On the territory of the North Caucasus, landslides of sliding, squeezing out, upflow of the current, subsidence and complex, distinguished by the mechanism of mixing, are developed. General factors - the processes of formation of landslides in all types: causing a change in the configuration of slopes (an increase in their height and steepness to values exceeding the critical ones for this type of rock; bottom and side erosion); causing a regressive change in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks (weathering, moistening of surface and ground waters); causing additional pressure on rock masses (hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure, seismic shocks); anthropogenic, causing changes in slopes and slopes (undercutting, and artificial watering, overloading with dumps and earthworks, vibrodynamic loads).
“Oxygen Factory” at the CSU Carbon Farm them A. A. Kadyrov
Authors: Bekmurzaeva Rashiya
Published: July 2023

This paper presents studies carried out at the carbon farm of the ChSU named after A.A. Kadyrov from April to November 2022 in order to identify factors affecting CO2 fluxes in different environmental conditions. On the territory of the carbon farm, where paulownia was planted, CO2 emissions were measured, air temperature, temperature and soil moisture were simultaneously recorded. Soil samples of 0-10 cm layers were taken. Field methods of analysis were carried out by the chamber method, gas analyzer LI-COR 7810 in the area where the foundations were installed in the amount of 10 pieces.
Features, Opportunities and Problems of Decarbonization of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Samarina Vera , Tereshina Maria , Khodjaliev Saleh
Published: July 2023

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that climate mitigation and increased interest in the development of the Arctic, accompanied by state support, gives impetus to the development of new industrial projects, social and industrial infrastructure. As a result of the increased anthropogenic impact, there has been a trend towards an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and disruption of the fragile ecological balance of the Arctic territories. It was revealed that carbon pollution in the Arctic has its own characteristics associated with natural and anthropogenic causes. The low ability of Arctic ecosystems to absorb greenhouse gases, on the one hand, and the need to reduce the cost of production of Arctic enterprises in the current conditions, on the other hand, predetermined the need for CO2 sequestration in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It is substantiated that the current deterrents for the decarbonization of the Arctic are geopolitical risks and sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries.
The Green Agenda in Global Trade: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Musaev Magomed , Stepanova Lyudmila
Published: July 2023

The environmental agenda in world trade has two main dimensions: the expansion of environmental requirements for goods and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental requirements, due to their admissibility by WTO rules, provide countries with an opportunity to support national producers and protect against goods produced “incorrectly” in terms of environmental or even social standards. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, which, although regulated at the global level by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, is largely voluntary, “multi-speed” in nature, as it faces a fundamental contradiction the right of lagging states to develop in accordance with their national goals. The whole complex of these contradictions is a serious problem, but it also brings opportunities for those who know how to play in this field, including Russia, as an important participant in international trade focused on sustainable development.
The Role and Impact of Economic Processes on the Environmental Management of the Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors: Cheldieva Dinara , Cheldiev Daniil , Umarova Madina
Published: July 2023

The economic situation in the agro-industrial complex is heterogeneous. One of the fastest growing industries is the food industry. This industry is characterized by a stable financial position, it is being actively modernized. The production of chemical fertilizers, after a sharp drop in domestic demand for them in the 90s, was reoriented mainly to external demand. The state of this industry is currently influenced mainly by the conjuncture of the world market. Low domestic demand and competition from imports of used machinery have a negative impact on the development of agricultural engineering. Low capacity utilization and unsatisfactory financial position do not allow industry enterprises to concentrate financial resources for large-scale modernization of the industry. In agriculture, the situation is also not homogeneous.
Implementation of the New Climate Policy
Authors: Mezentseva Elena , Maltzagov Isa , Magomaev Tamerlan
Published: July 2023

In addition to public policies, the availability or availability of new clean energy technologies will be critical to the transition to resource efficiency and sustainable development. Some clean energy technologies in our country have already been widely used or are under research and development. In Russia and in the world, there is also a high level of readiness for technologies for enhanced oil recovery by injection of carbon dioxide into the reservoir, technologies for hydrostorage of electric energy, the use of hydro- and geothermal energy, and energy-saving lighting. Technologies that are already widespread in world markets, but not yet in Russia, include energy-efficient solutions for the processing of copper and copper-bearing raw materials, carbon capture in the production of ammonia, fluidized bed boilers for biomass combustion (for thermal energy production), lithium-ion batteries for various modes of transport, the use of ammonia and hydrogen as a fuel in transport, hot water storage systems for households, building technologies that reduce the energy consumption of buildings.
“Green” Standards as a Tool for Preserving the Environment
Authors: Ilyasov Ruslan , Chernyavskaya Anna , Trots Natalia
Published: July 2023

At present, the ideas of economic, social and environmental balance of development, harmonization of nature and society are no longer new, however, the transformation of the economy based on “green” standards, taking into account rational environmental management and eco-efficiency, remains very relevant in modern conditions. The problem of environmental protection and rational nature management is complex, interdisciplinary and multifaceted. This nature of the problem is determined, first of all, by the complexity of the structure of the managed object. The most important components of the ecological-socio-economic system are nature, man, society and production. All these elements are closely interconnected. Thus, human well-being depends on the socio-economic level of development, the level of manufacturability of production and the state of the natural environment. The development of production depends on the number of workers, the level of their education and training, the state of health and the interest of people in the development of production. At the same time, production depends on the scale and intensity of the use of natural resources. In turn, the state of ecological systems to a decisive extent depends on the scale of production and the nature of production technologies, the results of their impact on nature.
General Characteristics and Assessment of the Natural Resource Potential of the Russian Federation
Authors: Galazova Svetlana , Akoeva Madina , Ailarova Zarina
Published: July 2023

The solution of such fundamental tasks as stabilizing the economic development of the Russian Federation, coordinating the level of environmental and socio-economic development of the regions, solving a wide range of environmental and economic problems, developing the environmental culture of society and improving the professional training of specialists in our country has identified the need to introduce, develop and implement a universal system of environmental and economic education and training, covering the processes of pre-school education, secondary general education and professional training of specialists in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions in the Russian Federation.
Development of Socio-Ecological Systems: Climate, Ecology and General Trends
Authors: Musostova Deshy , Dzobelova Valentina , Spitsov Dmitriy
Published: July 2023

Recent world history has been marked by economic crises, environmental disasters, an increase in intrastate and interstate armed conflicts, as well as a heated confrontation in the field of energy resources. Among these risks, environmental problems such as rising global temperatures, rising sea levels, soil erosion, and shortages of food and minerals have become the most prominent. The safety of mankind and the environment is a value that in the XXI century. has acquired a global character and at the same time has become an urgent problem for the entire international community. Sustainable development, as one of the goals enshrined in the fundamental international legal documents, implies the conservation of the Earth’s natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations.
The Effect of Antifibrinolytic Use on Intraoperative Cell Salvage: Results from a National Registry of Surgical Procedures
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Tesdahl Eric A. , Mongero Linda B. , Patel Kirti
Published: July 2023

Intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) is a critical component of any blood management program involving surgery with a high potential for blood loss. The introduction of antifibrinolytics (AF) may reduce blood loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of AF on ICS in non-cardiac surgical procedures. Following institutional review board approval, 69,935 consecutive case records between January 2016 and September 2019 from a national registry of adult surgical patients were reviewed. Procedure types were stratified into one of nine surgical categories: general (GN, n = 1,525), neurosurgical (NS, n = 479), obstetric (OB, n = 1,563), cervical spine (CS, n = 2,701), lumbar spine (LS, n = 38,383), hip arthroplasty (HA, n = 13,327), knee arthroplasty (KA, n = 596), vascular (VA, n = 9,845), or orthopedic other (OO, n = 1,516). The primary endpoint was the use of AF with the secondary endpoints ICS shed blood volume and volume available for return. The overall use of AF across all surgical procedures increased from 21.4% in 2016 to 25.4% in 2019. The greatest increases were seen in NS (4.4% to 16.2%), LS (13.7% to 23.1%), and HA (55.8% to 61.9%). For several procedure types, there was an initial increase then either a leveling off or a decline in AF use: OB initially increased from 6.2% to 10.8% in 2018, whereas GN (9.4% to 7.2%) and VA surgery declined slightly (9.9% to 5.7%). When comparing patients who did not receive AF with those who did, there were similar volumes of ICS available for return in all groups, except for LS, GN, and VA, where lower volumes were seen in the No-AF groups. The use of AF has increased each year over the 4-year period in most of the surgical categories, but several have declined. There may be a beneficial effect of AF with lower ICS volumes available for return in a few groups.
Can the Minimum Protamine Dose to Neutralize Heparin at the Completion of Cardiopulmonary Bypass be Significantly Lower than the Conventional Practice?
Authors: Lee Min-Ho , Riley William , Shann Kenneth G.
Published: July 2023

Systemic anticoagulation with heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) should be neutralized by protamine administration to restore normal hemostasis. However, protamine has potentially serious side effects and excessive protamine can cause increased postoperative bleeding. Thus, our goal is to appropriately dose protamine at the completion of CPB to neutralize heparin so that neither residual heparin nor excessive protamine is present. We performed a retrospective study of 216 patients who underwent cardiac surgery to search for a safe minimum protamine dose (PD) when measuring heparin concentration (HC). In addition, we developed a formula to determine PD using total heparin dose (THD) and CPB time without measuring HC. When protamine-to-heparin ratio (P-to-H) is set at 1 mg protamine to 100 international unit (IU) heparin in HMS Plus Hemostasis Management System (HMS), we determined that 75% of the calculated total PD is a safe minimum PD to sufficiently neutralize circulating heparin after CPB. On average, this translates into either .37 mg protamine/100 IU heparin of THD or .54 mg/100 IU of the first heparin bolus. The formula we developed to calculate PD without measuring HC can provide a PD that strongly agrees with the safe minimum PD when measuring HC. The safe minimum PD to neutralize circulating heparin after CPB can be significantly lower than conventional dosing practices. Reduction of PD may decrease the risk of postoperative bleeding and protamine-related adverse events. Based on our data, we decreased P-to-H in HMS to examine whether it is possible to reduce PD further than the safe minimum PD determined in this study.
To RAP or Not to RAP: A Retrospective Comparison of the Effects of Retrograde Autologous Priming
Authors: Foreman Emily , Eddy Morgan , Holdcombe Jenny , Warren Phoebe , Gebicke Lisa , Raney Pamela , Clements Wilson , Zellner James
Published: July 2023

Retrograde autologous priming (RAP) is a process used to reduce hemodilution associated with the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Previous studies have reported potential benefits to RAP; however, many of these studies do not evaluate the benefits of RAP with limited preoperative fluid administration combined with a condensed CPB circuit. We examined clinical metrics of patients who underwent RAP versus those who did not undergo RAP prior to the initiation of CPB. This was a retrospective data review of 1,303 patients who underwent CPB in the setting of open-heart surgery for a 2-year period. RAP was used on all patients between June 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018 (n = 519) and not used on patients between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019 (n = 784). Both groups were subjected to a low-prime CPB circuit volume of 800–900 mL. We compared the clinical metrics for packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion, oxygen delivery, postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), Albumin utilization, ventilator time, Intensive Care Unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and 30-day mortality between the two groups. Our data analysis showed there were no statistically significantly differences between the two groups on the incidence of postoperative AKI, PRBC administration, ventilator time, ICU LOS or 30-day mortality. In the RAP group, there was a statistically significant lower oxygen delivery and a statistically significant increased volume of Albumin administered postoperatively, although those differences were so small, they were potentially not clinically significant. Our analysis revealed no significant benefit to performing RAP with limited preoperative fluid administration and minimized CPB circuit prime volume. We formalized a process that included limiting preoperative fluid administration and minimizing the CPB circuit volume so that we were not required to RAP and did not simultaneously sacrifice patient outcomes in other areas.
Blood and Blood Product Conservation: Results of Strategies to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Open Heart Surgery Patients at a Tertiary Hospital Are Maintained 4 Years after Initiation
Authors: Khan Junaid H. , Barkin Marilyn S. , Stanton Jeffrey , Khan Asim , Stanten Russell D.
Published: July 2023

Blood product usage is an important outcome for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In 2015, our center made a concerted effort with multiple departments to focus on reducing transfusion rates in surgical patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Specific changes included an upgrade of the oxygenator in mid-2015 and, in early 2016, implementation of a hemostasis management system (HMS) that used heparin dose-response titration assays for heparin and protamine management. A retrospective chart review demonstrated significant decreases in the quarterly average of patients receiving packed red blood cells (PRBCs) from a baseline of 26.7% to 22.7% following the oxygenator upgrade (p = .021) and from 22.7% to 8.8% following implementation of the HMS (p = .0017). Platelet usage decreased from an average of 50.5% during the baseline and oxygenator upgrade periods to 22.2% following implementation of the HMS (p < .0001). Usage of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) decreased from an average of 28.2% of cases during the baseline and oxygenator upgrade periods to 10.4% during 2016, and cryoprecipitate usage decreased from 38.5% to 15.4%. Heparin usage averaged 56,903 units before implementation of the HMS, decreasing to an average of 43,796 units following HMS implementation (p < .0001). During the same time periods, protamine usage averaged 340.3 mg and 183.2 mg, respectively. Because improvements achieved during quality initiatives may revert back to their pre-intervention state once the assessment period is over, we performed a second retrospective analysis to determine whether the improvements achieved were maintained during the 48 months following the initial study. During 2017–2020, quarterly average usage of blood products was as follows: PRBCs, 11.9%; platelets, 14.7%; FFP, 6.2%; and cryoprecipitate, 11.5%. Quarterly, average use of heparin and protamine were 31,556 ± 2,757 units and 189 ± 113 mg, respectively. These findings indicate that the improvements achieved were not limited to the duration of the initial quality initiative.
Enhanced bio-fluids mixing by the soft polyelectrolyte layer-modulated electroosmotic vortices
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Mehta Sumit Kumar , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: July 2023

We investigate the mixing of soft biofluids in a narrow fluidic device under the influence of electroosmotic vortices generated by the patterned soft polyelectrolyte layers (PEL)-modulated electrical double effect. We numerically solve the transport equations that describe the solute mixing in the chosen configuration and estimate the shear-induced kinetics of binary aggregation in the deployed soft matter system. The prevailing interplay of forcings that stems from the fluid rheology and geometrical parameters of the PEL substantially affects the size and strength of the developed vortices, which, in turn, non-trivially modulate the underlying mixing strength. We aptly demonstrate in this endeavor that the higher shear-thinning behavior of the constituent components together with the larger extent of PEL's structure results in enhanced solute mixing (>90%). Additionally, we estimate the characteristic time of binary aggregation kinetics, which is particularly pertinent for analyzing the mixing of biofluids containing biomolecules, based on the set of parameters used in this analysis. The results reveal that increasing the shear-thinning behavior of solutes decreases the characteristic time of binary aggregation kinetics. Overall, the findings of this work seem to be of beneficial importance for the design and development of state-of-the-art on-chip devices intended for the augmented mixing of soft biofluids.
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy
Authors: Albert Loïc , Lafrenière David , Doyon René , Artigau Étienne , Volk Kevin , Goudfrooij Paul , Martel André R. , Radica Michael , Rowe Jason , Espinoza Néstor , Roy Arpita , Filippazzo Joseph C. , Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Talens Geert Jan , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Willott Chris J. , Fullerton Alexander W. , LaMassa Stephanie , Hutchings John B. , Rowlands Neil , Begoña Vila M. , Zhou Julia , Aldridge David , Maszkiewicz Michael , Beaulieu Mathilde , Cook Neil J. , Piaulet Caroline , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Lamontagne Pierrot , Morel Kim , Frost William , Salhi Salma , Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Benneke Björn , MacDonald Ryan J. , Johnstone Doug , Turner Jake D. , Fournier-Tondreau Marylou , Allart Romain , Kaltenegger Lisa
Published: July 2023

The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency contribution to the suite of four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tailor-made to undertake time-series observations of exoplanets to perform transit spectroscopy. The SOSS permits observing point sources between 0.6 and 2.8 μm at a resolving power of 650 at 1.25 μm using a slitless cross-dispersing grism while its defocussing cylindrical lens enables observing targets as bright as J = 6.7 by spreading light across 23 pixels along the cross-dispersion axis. This paper officially presents the design of the SOSS mode, its operation, characterization, and its performance, from ground-based testing and flight-based commissioning. On-sky measurements demonstrate a peak photon conversion efficiency of 55% at 1.2 μm. The first time series on the A-type star BD+60°1753 achieves a flux stability close to the photon-noise limit, so far tested to a level of 20 parts per million on a 40 minute timescale after simply subtracting a long-term trend. Uncorrected 1/f noise residuals underneath the spectral traces add an extra source of noise equivalent to doubling the readout noise. Preliminary analysis of an HAT-P-14b transit time series indicates that it is difficult to remove all of the noise in pixels with partially saturated ramps. Overall, the SOSS delivers performance at the level required to tackle key exoplanetary science programs such as detecting secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets and measuring abundances of several chemical species in gas giants.