bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«The Hexaemeron» of St. Anastasius of Sinai in Light of Modern Research
Authors: Ерошев Евгений Валерьевич
Published: March 2021

В данной статье автор предпринимает попытку описать современное состояние исследований такого значимого и малоизученного труда, как приписываемый прп. Анастасию Синаиту «Шестоднев». В современной российской богословской науке сложилось устойчивое представление о том, что данный памятник, скорее всего, является подложным, то есть что он в действительности не принадлежал автору таких трудов как «Путеводитель», «Три слова об устроении человека по образу Божию», «Вопросы и ответы» и др. Является ли это мнение основательно подкрепленным данными современных исследований Анастасианы? Каковы аргументы за и против подлинности «Шестоднева»? Цель статьи заключается в ответах на эти вопросы и во внесении в дискуссию новых аргументов. Для этого автор оценивает новые аргументы за и против подлинности, анализирует богословские и лексические особенности различных трудов прп. Анастасия, приводит важные фрагменты «Шестоднева», впервые переведённые на русский язык и сопоставляет их с другими работами Анастасиева корпуса. В итоге автор приходит к выводу, что аргументы за подлинность несколько перевешивают аргументы против, хотя выносить окончательное суждение относительно авторства «Шестоднева» кажется преждевременным.

In this article, the author attempts to describe the current state of research of significant and poorly studied work such as the «Hexaemeron» attributed to St. Anastasius of Sinai. In modern Russian theological science there exist a commonly held opinion that this work is most likely spurious, that it does not really belong to the author of such works as «The Guide», «Three sermons on the creation of man in the image of God», «Questions and Answers» et al. Is this opinion substantiated by current data? What are the arguments for and against the authenticity of the «Hexaemeron»? The purpose of the article is to answer these questions and introduce new arguments to the discussion. For this, the author assesses the new arguments for and against authenticity, analyzes the theological and lexical features of various works of St. Anastasius, cites important fragments of the Hexaemeron, translated for the first time into Russian and compared with other works of the Anastasius Corpus. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the arguments for authenticity somewhat outweigh the arguments against, although it is premature to make a final judgment regarding the authorship of «Six Days».
WANPRESTASI PEMERINTAH TERHADAP WARGA NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF UUD 1945 DIKAITKAN DENGAN KONSEP TEORI KONTRAK
Authors: Syuhada Otong
Published: March 2021

Dalam konteks disiplin ilmu hukum perdata kata wanprestasi memiliki makna sebuah perbuatan atau tindakan yang tidak sesuai dengan isi kesepakatan/perjanjian (kontrak) yang telah dibuat secara bersama-sama (cedera janji). Bentuk dari wanprestasi yaitu: 1) tidak melakukan kewajiban sepenuhnya sesuai dengan yang diperjanjikan, 2)hanya sebagian saja yang dipenuhinya atau 3)memenuhi semua  kewajibannya namun tidak sesuai dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan kesepakatan sebelumnya. Dalam konsep ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia UUD 1945 merupakan konstitusi Negara Republik Indonesia yang harus ditaati dan dipatuhi oleh segenap rakyat Indonesia terutama  pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara negara. UUD 1945 didalamnya berisi tentang hak dan kewajiban yang harus dijalankan baik oleh seluruh warga negara Indonesia maupun oleh penyelenggara negara dalam hal ini  pemerintah Indonesia, oleh sebab  UUD 1945 merupakan hukum dasar yang harus dipedomanilebih utama oleh  pemerintah dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahannya. Ada empat tujuan negara indonesia sebagaimana tertuang didalam alinea ke 4 UUD 1945 yaitu, 1) melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia. 2) memajukan kesekahteraan umum. 3) mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. dan 4) mewujudkan ketertiban dunia berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abdi dan keadilan sosial.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA PERSEKUSI YANG TERJADI DI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA DIKAITKAN DENGAN PASAL 170 KITAB UNDANG – UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Dewi Kurniawati Rani , Nurhadiansah
Published: March 2021

Manusia disebut mahkluk sosial karena manusia tidak dapat hidup sendiri dan selalu membutuhkan manusia lainnya. Kehidupan di masyarakat tentunya manusia bersoalisasi dengan yang lainnya dan itu semua merupakan hal yang penting, karena dengan bersosialisasi maka kehidupan akan terasa nyaman dan tenang. Ketika manusia berinteraksi dalam suatu ikatan di masyarakat di situlah dibutuhkan Hukum. Saat ini banyak hal yang terjadi di masyarakat di luar aturan Hukum. Tindakan kekerasan menjadi salah satu contohnya termasuk tindakan main hakim sendiri tanpa mengindahkan aturan yang berlaku, terkadang timbulah kesewenang – wenangan dari salah satu pihak dalam hal mengadili konflik tersebut.

Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Deskriftif Analisis yaitu yaitu menggambarkan permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian dan terhadap masalah tersebut kemudian dianalisis dan dikaitkan dengan peraturan perundang – undangan yang berlaku.

Tindak pidana persekusi yang terjadi di Kabupaten Majalengka adalah kekerasan bisa di kategorikan tindakan persekusi dan melanggar Pasal 170 Ayat satu poin satu Kitab Undang – undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Undang – Undang Dasar Tahun 1945 Pasal 1 ayat (3), Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) juga di langgar karena telah mengambil hak – hak yang di miliki korban. Unsur sifat melawan Hukum inilah yang menjadi dasar suatu perbuatan dinilai sebagai melawan Hukum apabila perbuatan tersebut memenuhi seluruh unsur tindak pidana yang ditentukan dalam Undang – undang. Berdasarkan tuntutan Jaksa Penuntut Umum agar dituntut seberat – beratnya menurut perbuatan yang terdakwa lakukan terhadap korban. Selain itu, Jaksa juga melihat dari teori pertanggungjawaban pidana salah satunya Kesalahan dapat juga dihubungkan dengan moralitas, “salah” atau “kesalahan” itu adalah perbuatan yang bertentangan atau melanggar ketentuan mengenai hak dan keadilan. Maka dengan apa yang dilakukan Jaksa, Kepolisian Resort Majalengka harus mengantisipati terhadap tindak persekusi dan wajib mensosialisasikan bahaya dan dampaknya kepada masyarakat.
FENOMENA BUDAYA POLITIK PAROKIAL DAN PERWUJUDANDEMOKRASI PANCASILA DALAM PERSFEKTIF HUKUM TATA NEGARA
Authors: Syuhada Otong
Published: March 2021

Budaya politik juga dapat diartikan sebagai suatu sistem nilai bersama suatu masyarakat yang memiliki kesadaran untuk berpartisipasi dalam  pengambilan keputusan kolektif dan penentuan kebijakan publik untuk masyarakat seluruhnya. Namun Budaya politik parokial (parochial political culture) yaitu  tingkat partisipasi politiknya  sangat rendah, yang disebabkan faktor kognitif (misalnya tingkat pendidikan  relatif  rendah). Budaya politik parokial merupakan  tipe budaya politik yang paling  rendah. Dalam budaya politik ini masyarakat  tidak  merasakan bahwa mereka adalah warga negara dari suatu  negara, mereka lebih mengidentifikasikan dirinya pada perasaan lokalitas.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier sebagai data utama. Setelah data sekunder dan primer terkumpul, kemudian diadakan analisis secara kualitatif.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa terbentuknya pemerintahan  yang baik  (good Governance) serta pemerintahan yang bersih (Clean Governmance) berawal dari bagaimana  proses pelaksanaan dalam sistem keterpilihan baik legislatif maupun eksekutif dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah demokrasi yang sesungguhnya, keterlibatan setiap anggota masyarakat dalam proses pemilihan umum  adalah sebuah keniscayaan dalam sistem pemerintahan yang demokratis. Beranjak dari pemahaman tersebut, maka  budaya politik masyarakat menjadi sebuah variabel yang sangat menentukan dalam mewujudkan tatanan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang adil, makmur dan sejahtera  sejalan dengan cita-cita negara Republik Indonesia yang tertuang didalam   konstitusi (UUD RI 1945).
KEBERADAAN PIDANA ADAT DALAM MAZHAB SEJARAH DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN POSITIVISME HUKUM
Authors: Sudibyo Ateng
Published: March 2021

Hukum pidana adat berikut sanksi-sanksi adat diupayakan untuk dihapus dari sistem hukum di Indonesia dan diganti oleh peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga prosedur penyelesaian perkara-perkara pidana pada umumnya disalurkan melalui peradilan umum. Akan tetapi, kenyataannya sampai sekarang masih terdapat hakim-hakim yang mendasarkan putusannya pada hukum adat atau setidak-tidaknya pada hukum yang dianggap sebagai hukum adat dengan penafsirannya atas dasar Pasal 5 ayat 3 UU No. 1/Drt/1951 tentang Tindakan-Tindakan Sementara Untuk Menyelenggarakan Kesatuan Susunan Kekuasaan Dan Acara Pengadilan-Pengadilan Sipil

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier sebagai data utama. Setelah data sekunder dan primer terkumpul, kemudian diadakan analisis secara kualitatif

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa Aksiologi hukum pidana adat  merupakan bahan hukum asli Indonesia yang sudah sepatutnya dijadikan sumber hukum positif. Namun, hingga saat ini hukum Indonesia masih menerapkan hukum Hindia Belanda. Eksistensi hukum pidana adat Indonesia berada pada tataran dogmatik hukum, teori hukum dan filsafat hukum. Oleh karena itu hukum pidana adat secara holistik menjiwai seluruh lapisan ilmu hukum yang pada hakikatnya hukum pidana adat tidak diragukan kapabilitasnya sebagai karakteristik praktek hukum di Indonesia. Dengan demikian eksistensi hukum pidana adat di masa yang akan datang, harus tetap mempunyai peranan yang penting, terutama dalam pembentukan hukum nasional yang akan datang.
KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TABRAK LARI YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN BERDASARKAN PASAL 310 AYAT (4) DAN 312 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN JO PASAL 359 KUHP
Authors: Pribadi Riky , Maryana Diki
Published: March 2021

Kecelakaan lalu lintas yang pelakunya tidak bertanggung jawab, dengan membiarkan korbannya begitu saja tanpa menghentikan kendaraannya sering  di sebut dengan tabrak lari. Namun ada beberapa faktor yang kerap dijadikan alasan bagi pelaku tabrak lari, yakni, pelaku takut dihajar masa, enggan berurusan dengan hukum yang terlalu berbelit-belit, dan terjadi di tempat yang sepi, sehingga besar kemungkinan untuk melarikan diri.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif  dan sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dalam rangka memperoleh data sekunder, baik yang berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, maupun bahan hukum tertier. Untuk mendukung penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dilaksanakan pula penelitian lapangan dalam rangka memperoleh data primer yang menunjang data sekunder. Adapun teknis analisis yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis kualitatif.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hukum positif yang mengatur mengenai tindak pidana tabrak lari dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 diatur secara terpisah, yakni kelalaian yang menyebabkan kecelakaan diatur dalam Pasal 310 ayat (4) dan tindakan melarikan diri dalam Pasal 312. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa tabrak lari merupakan perbarengan tindak pidana (Concursus). Oleh sebab itu jika dikaitkan dengan teori negara hukum Pancasila maka, negara tidak dikehendaki hanya membatasi fungsinya untuk pembuatan peraturan-peraturan pidana saja, melainkan lebih jauh lagi yaitu bagaimana melindungi dan menangani permasalahan tabrak lari yang menimbulkan korban meninggal dunia. Jika kita kaitkan dengan teori pertanggungjawaban  pidana, unsur-unsur kesalahan pelaku tabrak lari harus dihubungkan dengan tindak pidana yang dilakukan.
Optimization of diagnosing and treatment of cervical dystonia
Authors:   Ростовский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РФ, СЕХВЕЙЛ С. М. М. , ГОНЧАРОВА З. А. ,   Ростовский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РФ, БЛИНОВ И. М. ,   Ростовский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РФ
Published: March 2021

The purpose is to optimize diagnostics of cervical dystonia using multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the cervical spine to improve the results of botulinum toxin therapy. Material and methods. 27 patients diagnosed with the idiopathic CD (21 females among them) were examined. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 72 years old (the average age was 40 (3,3)). All the patients were scanned with 3D multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the cervical spine in order to verify the dystonic muscles and determine the degree of head and neck rotation. MSCT helped to identify the cervical spine deformation, the level of its displacement and the state of dystonic muscles. The Tsui et al. rating scale was used for assessing the severity of CD before and after the treatment. Also the intensity of pain syndrome was assessed according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after the treatment. All the patients had injections of botulinum toxin type A, in the dose 200–300 U. The time period between the injections was 3,5–4 months. Results. The study revealed that women tend to have cervical dystonia more often (77,8%). Late diagnostics of the disease still remains. The duration of the disease lasted from 1 month to 18 years. Before the treatment the pain syndrome intensity amounted to 5,6 (0,8) points, according to VAS, whereas after the treatment it was 1,9 (0,8) points. The 3D MSCT revealed the deformation of the cervical spine. MSCT helped to verify the dystonic muscles (a bigger surface of the dystonic muscle in comparison with the healthy part, a more «round» image of the muscle). MSCT of the cervical spine enabled to verify the form of dystonia (caput, collis or their combination). Conclusions. Late diagnostics of CD remains. Botulinum toxin therapy is a highly effective way of CD treatment. The efficiency of the botulinum toxin therapy in the given category of patients depends on the right choice of target muscles, the verification of the form of CD and adherence to the early treatment principle.
Stroke at a young age.A clinical case of dissection of the vertebral artery
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, NOVIKOVA L. B. , AKOPYAN A. P. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, SHARAPOVA K. M. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, LATYPOVA R. F. ,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The article presents a description of a clinical case of ischemic stroke in a 32 year old patient as a consequence of dissection of the vertebral artery against the background of congenital connective tissue pathology, provoked by a sports load.
Diagnostics value of neurospecific proteins in patients with meningiomas
Authors:   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, KURAKINA A. S. , SHCHELCHKOVA N. A. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, MUKHINA I. V. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, GRIGORYEVA V. N. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The purpose was to study the diagnostic value of the content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in patients with meningiomas before and after surgery. Material and methods. The study involved 70 patients with meningiomas and 62 healthy people. The examination of the patients included clinical and neurological examination, determination of BDNF and GDNF (R&D Systems, USA) content in blood plasma using enzyme immunoassay performed before the surgery and 5–6 days after meningioma surgery. The totality of meningioma removal was determined intraoperatively, which was then confirmed by control neuroimaging a day after the operation. Results. BDNF level less than 2038,6 PG/ml allows diagnosing the characteristic of meningiomas changes with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 44%. GDNF level more than 3.1 PG/ml allows diagnosing the meningioma-related changes in the brain with sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 51%. The plasma level of BDNF in patients after subtotal removal of meningioma on 5–6 days after surgery significantly increased, compared with the preoperative value, p = 0,01. The plasma concentration of GDNF in patients with meningiomas after radical removal of the tumor significantly decreased compared to its preoperative lever, p = 0,01. Conclusion. To summarize, our data show that none of the investigated markers is suitable to substitute histological diagnosis. However, measurement of circulating BDNF and GDNF before and after surgery may be a support to diagnose the totality of meningioma removal.
Cognitive profile of patients with Chiari 1 malformation
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, MENDELEVICH E. G. , KOKURKINA R. G. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

This paper presents literature review on cognitive impairments in patients with CM1, data on which began to be formed in the recent years. Data on the predominant deficit in the structure of executive functioning in patients with CM1 are presented. The genesis of cognitive deficits in patients with CM1 is most often considered in the context of cerebellar dysfunction and damage to the connections of the cerebellum with the prefrontal cortex, which leads to dysmetria of thinking and emotions. Data from other studies are presented that consider the role of additional factors of cognitive dysfunction in CM1, such as pain and emotional disorders.
Chronic neuropathic facial pain associated with cranial nerves damage: clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, SAKOVETS T. G. , BOGDANOV E. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The purpose — to study of the features of chronic neuropathic facial pain associated with cranial nerve damage. Material and methods. We studied the modern works on the features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of chronic orofacial pain caused the cranial nerves damage. Special attention was paid to the methods of diagnosing neuropathic facial pain of various etiologies, and identifying clinical variants of their course. Results. The best known and most common variant of neuropathic orofacial pain is trigeminal neuralgia. There are classic trigeminal neuralgia that occurs as a result of vaso-neural conflict, secondary trigeminal neuralgia (in multiple sclerosis, voluminous brain neoplasm, etc.), and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Patients have short-term (from fractions of a second to 2 minutes) unilateral paroxysmal facial pain in classic trigeminal neuralgia. In case of secondary trigeminal neuralgia, mainly bilateral neuropathic pain is detected. Painful trigeminal neuropathy (trigeminal neuropathic pain other than trigeminal neuralgia) is caused by trauma and herpes zoster with acute neuropathic pain. After 3 months, painful manifestations after the herpes zoster are qualified as trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. Post-traumatic neuropathic trigeminal pain is the result of external trauma or iatrogenic damage resulting from dental treatment or neuroablation procedures. Both classical and secondary, idiopathic neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal nerve is characterized by unilateral short-term stabbing pain in the ear, base of the tongue, tonsil region, posterior part of the pharynx; it is less common, in contrast to trigeminal neuralgia. Intermediate nerve neuralgia was first described in 1907 by Hunt; it is rare, manifests itself as unilateral, shooting, paroxysmal pain in the ear canal and temporal areas. Painful neuropathy of the intermediate nerve (Ramsey — Hunt syndrome) with herpes zoster is characterized by dull, persistent pain that occurs inside the ear canal, auricle or mastoid. Rarely, tumors of the face can be the cause of Ramsey — Hunt syndrome. Conclusion. Thus, chronic neuropathic facial pain associated with facial nerves damage has a varied etiology, which requires careful differential diagnosis and selection of adequate treatment tactics.
Evaluation of multiple sclerosis risk factors in the Republic of Ingushetia
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, GONCHAROVA Z. A. , UZHAKHOV R. M. ,   Rostov State Medical University, DOBAEVA N. M. ,   Rostov State Medical University, MEGERYAN V. A. ,   Rostov Clinical Hospital «Southern district Medical Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency»
Published: March 2021

Currently the ubiquitous increase of multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence is observed. The increase in number of patients with MS is marked also in the areas where MS prevalence was low previously, so the assessment of multiple sclerosis risk factors in populations with low multiple sclerosis risk is of a great value. There were no investigations of demyelinating disease epidemiology performed in the Republic of Ingushetia (RI) before. The purpose. To perform the clinical and epidemiological study of MS in RI; to study the factors, affecting the risk of MS development in RI population. Material and methods. We examined 73 patients (46 women and 27 men) with reliable MS (according to McDonald criteria, 2010, 2017). The investigation of risk factors of MS development was carried out by the method of analytical epidemiology «case-control». All respondents were inhabitants of RI, the pairs were comparable in age, gender and nationality. We studied serum concentration of vitamin D3 metabolite — 25(ОН)D3 by ELISA method. Results. Prevalence of NS in RI was 14.4 cases for 100 thousand of the population as of 1.01.2020. Among MS patients we revealed a higher frequency of contact with petrol and oil products (12 of 73 respondents vs 2 of 61 in groups of MS patients and control group respectively, р < 0,05), and paints (15 of 73 respondents vs 2 of 61 in groups of MS patients and control group respectively, р < 0,05), aged over 15 years old. Reliably more often than persons of control group MS patients have a case of surgical interventions, severe caries at the age over 15 years old (р < 0,05), head injury at any age (р < 0,05), tonsillitis, measles, rubella, parotitis occurred at the age before 7 years old (р < 0,05) and herpetic infection at any age (р < 0,05). According to the comparison of vitamin D3 metabolite — 25(ОН)D3 serum concentration parameters in MS patients of both sexes of RI population and control group we revealed a tendency to decrease of serum vitamin D level in MS patients; the differences in this feature in men with MS (15,15 (0,61) ng/ml) and men of control group (22,04 (8,0) ng/ml) were statistically reliable. Conclusion. The Republic of Ingushetia belongs to the areas of low-mild multiple sclerosis development risk, which is probably due to both demographic and geographical-climatic features. The external factors of MS development risk revealed in this research confirm the multifactor nature of the disease. Further investigations of the probable modifiability of these factors are of great importance.
Modern approach to the examination of young athletes with pain in the lower back
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, BIKCHURIN N. M. , TAKHAVIEVA F. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, BORISOVA A. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The article presents the developed diagnostic algorithm SMART for examination of young athletes. The research object is girls aged 8 to 15 engaged in rhythmic gymnastics at a youth sports school. Research methods: collecting anamnesis, visual examination, assessing the volume of active and passive movements, assessing muscle strength, conducting specific tests, statistical data processing. Results. The use of SMART-examination revealed postural disorders in 67% of the examined, deviations in the bends of the spine — in 85%, instability of the lumbar spine in 11%, a test of nerve root irritation was positive in 6%. It was also noted that in all young athletes have joint hypermobility. For the purpose of early diagnosis of vertebrogenic pathology in children and adolescents engaged in rhythmic gymnastics, it is recommended to carry out the proposed SMART-examination.
Influence of insulin resistance on the course of ischemic stroke in the acute period
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, NOVIKOVA L. B. , IZHBULDINA G. I. ,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: March 2021

Among the reasons that increase the risk of stroke, its severity and outcome, a special place is given to disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. However, to date, there is no consensus on the role of hyperglycemia in stroke, whether it is physiological or pathological. The purpose to study the effect of insulin resistance on the course and clinical outcome of ischemic stroke (IS) in the acute period. Material and methods. A total of 862 patients with IS (370 men, 492 women), mean age was 66,1 ± 10,8 years. The degree of neurological deficit (NIHSS scale) and clinical outcome were assessed. When admitted to hospital, the level of glycemia, insulin, and C-peptide in the fasting blood were found. Results. In 186 (21,6%) patients type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was diagnosed. In 27,8% of patients without DM and 76,3% of patients with DM hyperglycemia was detected. In patients without DM with hyperglycemia, compared with patients with normoglycemia, a higher representation of severe neurological deficit (by 14,7%), a lower frequency of noticeable positive dynamics (by 14,8%), and a higher mortality rate (by 11,5%) were found. In patients with DM, hyperglycemia was associated with a lower incidence of noticeable positive dynamics (by 27,7%). The development of IS is accompanied by an increase in the blood level of C-peptide more than twice. High values of the C-peptide/insulin ratio are associated with a higher frequency of severe neurological deficit in patients with DM (by 32,4%) and without DM (by 23,8%), and a decrease in the incidence of noticeable positive dynamics (by 23,5% and 20,9%, respectively). Conclusion. Development of IS is characterized by high representation of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The severity of glucose metabolism disorders is interrelated with the severity and clinical outcome of the disease.
Assessment of the Willis circle pathology in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, PERMINOVA S. K. , YAKUPOVA A. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NAZIPOVA A. Ya. ,   Kazan State Medical University, GAYFUTDINOV R. T. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The purpose — to evaluate the Willis circle pathology in patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, to assess the degree of functional disorders and the long-term perspective. Material and methods. Data from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain were analyzed in 47 patients with acute cerebrovascular accident. The study included 21 (44,6%) men and 26 (55,4%) women, with an average age of 67,08 ± 16,03. All patients underwent neurological examination using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, assessment of functional disorders using the Rivermead scale, and assessment of long-term perspective using the Rankin scale before and after treatment. Results. Patients with the absence of one posterior connective artery showed a significant stroke severity according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. The largest subgroup with the absence of both posterior connective arteries was identified, having the best indicators on the Rivermead scale before treatment and a good recovery for neurological deficit after treatment. Significant positive results by the Rivermead scale after treatment were shown in the subgroup with the absence of all connecting arteries. Conclusion. The variant of the Willis circle structure in the form of the absence of both posterior connective arteries in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident is most often found with a good recovery of neurological deficit.
Status Kerbau Lokal Di Kecamatan Waeapo Berdasarkan Struktur Populasi dan Laju Silang Dalam
Authors: Rajab Rajab , Papilaya Bercomien J. , Dewi Tria F. K.
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status populasi kerbau lokal didasarkan pada struktur populasi dan laju silang dalam per generasi. Survey dilakukan pada dua desa yang masih memelihara kerbau di Kecamatan Waeapo, dan pengambilan data dengan metode sensus terhadap semua peternak kerbau. Variabel yang diamati meliputi struktur populasi, populasi aktual, populasi efektif dan laju silang dalam per generasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan populasi kerbau yang terdapat di Kecamatan Waeapo sebanyak 374 ekor dengan komposisi berikut anak jantan 8,56% ; anak betina 7,49% (1,14 : 1), muda jantan 11,5% ; muda betina 10,96% (1,05 : 1), dan dewasa jantan 18,72% ; dewasa betina 42,78% (1 : 2,29). Ukuran populasi aktual kerbau lokal adalah 230 ekor, dengan ukuran populasi efektif sebesar 194 ekor. Laju silang dalam (inbreeding) per generasi adalah 0,26%. Mengindikasikan bahwa belum terjadinya tekanan silang.
First Confirmed Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a University Hospital in Turkey: Housemate Internists
Authors: Uyaroğlu Oğuz Abdullah , Çalık Başaran Nursel , Özışık Lale , Taş Zahit , Telli Dizman Gülçin , İnkaya Ahmet Çağkan , Alp Şehnaz , Tanrıöver Mine Durusu , Metan Gökhan , Güven Gülay Sain
Published: March 2021

Objective

On 30 January 2020, WHO declared that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has met the criteria for a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Here, we report the clinical features and outcome of the first two cases of COVID-19 in a university hospital in Turkey, who were housemate internists.

Case Presentation

Our first patient was a 28-year-old female who works as a resident in the Internal Medicine Department of a 1200-bed, tertiary care University Hospital. Her initial symptom was fatigue. She developed dry cough, nausea, and myalgia. She had no fever, no shortness of breath, or any other complaints. As the 2019-nCoV PCR test was positive, oral hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were commenced. After the positive PCR test of the first patient, we screened 85 subjects who had unprotected exposure to her; most of them were her colleagues and other healthcare workers. Test results of all but one were negative. The only person with a positive test result was the 35-year-old female who was the housemate and also a colleague of the first patient.

Discussion

These two cases showed us the desperate situation of COVID-19. To fight an infectious disease that had a high transmission rate, it is important to the infection chain between source and vulnerable subject and transmission route. Unfortunately, to find all infected sources is not possible every time, due to asymptomatic or mild cases, or with low sensitivity diagnostic tests. So, we need to do vigorous isolation precautions and to test more people to end up this pandemic.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL PROFILE AND PATTERN OF CONJUCTIVAL CONGESTION IN MILD COVID -19 PATIENTS IN DESIGNATED COVID-19 HOSPITALS.
Authors: Gupta Surbhi , Gupta Suharshi
Published: March 2021

Background: SARS-COV-2 is thought to be transmitted from person to person mainly through respiratory droplets or close contact. The most common symptoms of COVID -19 are fever, cough, slight dyspnoea, sore throat, headache and fatigue. Complications in severe cases include pneumonia, renal failure, etc.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Ophthalmology GMC Jammu in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, GMC Jammu, upon 139 mild Covid-19 positive patients, kept under isolation during the period: March 2020 to August 2020. Patients with fever, upper respiratory symptoms, or asymptomatic individuals who were confirmed positive for COVID -19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from nasophayngeal swabs were included in the study.
Results: The mean age of patients was: 37-years. 37 patients diagnosed as Covid-19 positive showed no symptom of Covid-19.  72 (51.8%) patients were surely healthy individuals without any kind of illness or co-morbidities. While only 16 patients (11.5%) reported with conjunctivitis (congestion) or a recent history thereof. Three patients had developed conjunctival congestion without Covid-19 symptoms. 8 patients had recent history before the onset of Covid-19 symptoms. Most of the patients had manifestation within the first week of admission.
Conclusions: Conjunctival congestion is significant ocular manifestation among Covid-19 patients. Covid-19 related history and symptoms should therefore include such ocular examinations as well and sufficient precaution is implemented while dealing with conjunctivitis patients showing mild symptoms of Covid-19.
Key words: SARS-COV-2, COVID-19, Conjunctival Congestion, Nasophayngeal Swabs
Análisis para determinar como se valúa una herramienta de software de tipo educativo
Authors: Jerónimo Yedra Rubén , Ramos Méndez Eric , Ferrer Sánchez Jesús Antonio
Published: March 2021

Actualmente la oferta de materiales informáticos con fines didácticos se ha disparado, coexistiendo bajo la misma etiqueta de "educativo", las aplicaciones con más variado propósito, muchas de ellas claramente comerciales, como si la utilización de gran cantidad de medios audiovisuales, fuera garantía de la calidad instruccional del producto. El software educativo es un desarrollo tecnológico con característica didácticas, que tienen la intención de apoyar en el aprendizaje, de quien hace uso de la información instruccional del mismo, utilizando como recurso mediador, entre el usuario y el contenido, un equipo de computo, un dispositivo móvil o la Web. La evaluación de los programas educativos debe verse como un proceso que determine el grado de adecuación de los mismos, al contexto educativo, pero generando un aprendizaje en quien los usa. En este trabajo se hace un análisis para determinar como se evalúa una herramienta de software de tipo educativo, por los desarrolladores.
Химия средней школы техник и Enem: сравнение учебных программ
Authors: Gortz Julia Santana , Taty Salvador Rodrigues , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dendasck Carla Viana , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: March 2021

Национальный экзамен в средней школе (ENEM) – это экзамен, состоящий из эссе и вопросов с несколькими вариантами ответов. Эта оценка направлена ​​на измерение знаний, полученных в старшей школе. Цель этой статьи – сравнить содержание вопросов химического компонента Национального экзамена в средней школе (ENEM) в период с 2014 по 2018 год с содержанием учебной программы курса технической химии в Федеральном институте Амапа (IFAP). Исследование проводилось с использованием вопросов по химии из Национального экзамена в средней школе (ENEM), взятых из программы Супер учитель (программное обеспечение). Содержание трехлетнего технического курса химии в Федеральном институте Амапы (IFAP) соответствует требованиям Национального экзамена для старших классов средней школы (ENEM). Объем работы достаточен также для освоения базовых и технических дисциплин. Контент-анализ показывает, что, поскольку это технический курс, он дает глубокие знания, что увеличивает субсидию на выполнение ENEM. Это содержание сформировано теорией, а также большим практическим опытом (лабораторный). Практические знания в огромной степени помогают закрепить обучение и дают знания для обсуждения содержания.
Profil épidémiologique des accidents avec exposition à des matières biologiques survenus chez des travailleurs de l’État d’Amapá, en Amazonie, au Brésil, de 2015 à 2019
Authors: Maciel Danilo Pereira Garcia , Medeiros José Leandro Tomaz , Silva Mariana Freitas da , Silva Matheus Freitas da , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Daher Donizete Vago , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de
Published: March 2021

Les expositions accidentelles avec des instruments tranchants sont les accidents du travail les plus courants impliquant des professionnels et des étudiants en milieu hospitalier. L’accident avec du matériel biologique (MB) résulte d’un contact direct entre le sang et des fluides organiques génitaux ou séreux, avec une peau, des muqueuses malsaines ou par inoculation percutanée directe à travers des objets pointus. L’objectif de ce travail était de caractériser le profil épidémiologique des accidents avec exposition à des matières biologiques survenus chez des travailleurs de l’État d’Amapá, en Amazonie, au Brésil, entre 2015 et 2019, en analysant le nombre, le type d’événements, la profession et circonstance de l’accident. Une étude épidémiologique rétrospective, descriptive et transversale a été réalisée avec une approche quantitative. Ainsi, la base de données du Système d’information sur les maladies à déclaration obligatoire (SINAN) a été recherchée à la recherche d’enregistrements faisant référence aux notifications d’accidents avec du matériel biologique, survenus dans l’État d’Amapá entre 2015 et 2019, enregistrés par le Centre de surveillance de la santé au travail (NVST) / Centre de référence pour la santé au travail (CEREST / AP). Les expositions professionnelles à des matières biologiques représentent un risque potentiel de transmission de maladies. Donner l’ordre aux travailleurs de signaler immédiatement les accidents est essentiel pour alimenter le système de notification. En ce qui concerne les circonstances, les deux causes les plus fréquemment rencontrées étaient avec des valeurs proches l’une de l’autre, l’administration de médicaments (21,6%) et une élimination inadéquate du matériel (20%). Cette élimination incorrecte démontre le manque de zèle des professionnels pour leur propre santé.
Punti di vista
Authors: Sartori Norma , Valcanover Fabrizio
Published: March 2021

I punti di vista affrontati nell'articolo si riferiscono a quelli di due professionisti sanitari, un medico di medicina generale e uno psichiatra-psicoterapeuta, e a quello del virus che imper-versa nel mondo dall'inizio del 2020. Sia nella narrazione che dà voce al virus sia nelle ri-flessioni condotte dai due medici si spazia "tra sacro e profano". Profano, ovvero laico, è il punto di vista del virus e di chi si ammala a causa sua, ma anche dei cittadini che leggono i giornali e sono immersi nel bombardamento mediatico. È una pandemia, meglio una sindemia, ma anche una infodemia. Sacro, ovvero le riflessioni professionali che i medici conducono dal loro osservatorio quotidiano specifico: ambulatori, territoriali, come sempre luoghi dimenticati e lontani dalla ribalta di cui godono le terapie intensive e gli ospedali in generale con i loro eroi; trincee sporche e fangose dove si affronta il nemico a mani nude e a volte si scappa e ci si nasconde. Tutte le riflessioni e i punti di vista si intrecciano e si mescolano, senza un confine preciso tra laico e professionale, in un clima di perplessità e incertezza che a tratti diviene sofferenza per un'umanità che arranca e forse stenta ad apprendere dagli errori ed ignora le lezioni del passato anche il più recente.
Cantieri. Un maestro con lo sguardo bambino. Generare l'inedito
Authors: Forti Dario , Scalari Paola
Published: March 2021

Voglio condividere, attraverso alcune pennellate, le immagini che emergono dalla mia me-moria a seguito della morte di Francesco Berto (8 maggio 1934-8 luglio 2020), psicosocioa-nalista e già socio di Ariele. Fa da sfondo alla narrazione l'incontro tra Berto e Pagliarani. Su questo intreccio umano e professionale, intellettuale ed emotivo emergono gli ambiti del pensiero nei quali Berto ha applicato il pensiero psicosocioanalitico. Quelli principali sono il mondo scolastico, la consulenza ai genitori, la formazione degli operatori dei servizi socio-educativi. Ne sono testimonianza i molti libri sull'argomento. La ricerca teorica e applicativa di Berto dunque si è attestata in un modello di apprendimento psicosocioanalitico capace di far emergere l'inconscio e di utilizzare il gruppo per rielaborarlo. Molto ci ha insegnato. Ora a tutti noi far germinare la sua eredità. Per dare avvio a questo impegno nel testo sono riportate le parole di amici e colleghi, di allievi e studiosi, di psicoanalisti e psicosocioanalisti che, alla sua morte, mi hanno inviato una riflessione riconoscendo la potenza del suo modo di operare con grandi e piccini, in aula e nella polis, con l'individuo e con i gruppi.
Setting analitico e pandemia
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Antonio
Published: March 2021

L'irruzione della pandemia con la conseguente fase di confinamento, ci ha costretto a sospendere l'abituale setting dal vivo per sostituirlo con un altro succedaneo, mediante l'uso di tecnologie che permettono la continuità del trattamento a distanza. Viene illustrata l'esperienza dell'autore con una paziente, nel passaggio dal setting in presenza a quello virtuale e poi nel ritorno a quello dal vivo. Vengono formulate alcune considerazioni generali sul setting dal vivo, per poterlo confrontare con quello virtuale. Si sostiene l'idea che l'assenza dei corpi del paziente e dell'analista in uno stesso spazio limiti le possibilità di un'autentica comunicazione e, quindi, di un'esperienza analitica, nell'impossibilità di accedere ai vissuti percettivi-sensoriali più primitivi.
L'Europa in tempi oscuri. Alcune dinamiche dell'alterità e del pregiudizio
Authors: Sklar Jonathan
Published: March 2021

I ricordi della storia recente degli anni '30 e il legame tra austerità e colpa riducono ancora una volta il nostro senso di umanità, ora aggravato dalla pandemia mondiale. La rimozione delle storie traumatiche nell'individuo e nella società deve essere analizzata al fine di evidenziare gli attuali attacchi dell'alterità sui cittadini, laddove i regimi totalitari diventano sempre più la norma e la gentilezza e l'amore vengono trattati con disprezzo mentre prevale l'egoismo. La teoria di Ferenczi nel saggio La confusione delle lingue è fondamentale per capire la dinamica del pregiudizio nel razzismo, nella misoginia e, ovviamente, rispetto agli ebrei. La conoscenza analitica è uno strumento essenziale per consentire ai popoli di comprendere i traumi transgenerazionali, la paranoia dei grandi gruppi e i pregiudizi attuali della politica e della cultura.
Le diseguaglianze in Italia nella stagione del Covid-19
Authors: Delbono Flavio
Published: March 2021

In questo articolo, analizzo alcune delle probabili conseguenze della pandemia in atto e delle collegate restrizioni imposte alla popolazione. Il punto di partenza è l'inversione dell'andamento della curva della mobilità sociale in Italia, curva sulla quale la fase post-Covid non potrà che aggravare l'andamento. Mi soffermo quindi su alcune implicazioni derivanti dall'esame dei sistemi sanitario e scolastico in questi mesi nel paese. Concludo tratteggiando alcune ipotesi per uscire dall'attuale recessione e indirizzare il sistema italiano verso un nuovo sentiero di sviluppo.
Covid-19 and labour migration: Investigating vulnerability in Italy and in the UK
Authors: Baglioni Simone , Calò Francesca , Lo Cascio Martina
Published: March 2021

This article provides preliminary analyses on how the Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the labour market positions of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Italy and in Great Britain. Our research interest stems from the findings of the EU funded SIRIUS project (Skills and integration of migrants, refugees and asylum applicants in European labour markets) as well as from literature which highlight that migrants' roles in the European labour markets are characterised by a high level of vulnerability. Such a vulnerable situation depends, on the one hand, from the juridical-legal status that migrants receive when entering the new country of settlement, a status which may limit their rights and their access to regular employment and to services conducive to decent employment such as vocational training or language learning. On the other hand, migrants' vulnerability depends also on they being over-represented in those jobs which have been qualified as ‘front-line', and therefore more exposed to risks of contagion during the Covid-19 pandemic, such as workers in the care, or parcel distribution sectors. Hence, this paper discusses the effect of the intertwinement of the pandemic with a status of double-vulnerability on migrants' life.
Smart working nell'era della digitalizzazione post-Covid: da soluzione d'emergenza a strategia per la sostenibilità
Authors: Frey Marco , Loré Silvia
Published: March 2021

Lo Smart Working è un approccio al lavoro flessibile adottato in massa duran-te la pandemia da Covid-19 per consentire distanziamento sociale e prosecuzione delle attività. Il lockdown ha promosso un cambiamento radicale del concetto di spazio e tempo di lavoro. Ma quali sono gli impatti e quali le potenzialità delle soluzioni di lavoro a distanza? Il presente studio dimostra che lo smart working può configurarsi come una misura vincente per rendere le città più sostenibili e in armonia con l'ambiente, conciliare esigenze di vita e di lavoro, tutelare la salute e la sicurezza dei lavoratori, per sopravvivere a crisi di portata globale; riflettere sull'esperienza emergenziale può orientare le imprese verso l'adozione di pratiche più sostenibili proponendosi come promotori della creazione di smart cities.
Assessment of investment attractiveness for regional sustainable development using methods of economic, statistical and factor analysis
Authors: L. Lozhkina Svetlana , A. Novikov Alexander , A. Chepkasova Elena , V. Novikova Elena
Published: March 2021

The modern stage of civilizational processes puts forward "sustainable development" as the fundamental goal, considering this the most important vector of promising transformations of human society. This stage of globalization development reveals the need to make the above processes not spontaneous, but controlled, which can be implemented, inter alia, through a qualitative transformation of tools and technologies used to monitor and predict the development of individual territories. The article presents a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the investment attractiveness of a region using methods of integrated statistical assessment, including methods of descriptive analysis, and using the method of factor analysis. This method allows monitoring the level of development of information and communication technologies in the region as a whole, as well as in the context of individual types of economic activity in order to determine the main points of bifurcation for the concentration of financial resources in the development of ICT and increase the investment potential of the region as a whole.