bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The chemokines CCL5 and CXCL12 exhibit high‐affinity binding to N‐terminal peptides of the non‐cognate receptors CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively
Authors: Kessler Naama , Akabayov Sabine R. , Cohen Leah S. , Scherf Tali , Naider Fred , Anglister Jacob
Published: November 2023

CC and CXC chemokines are distinct chemokine subfamilies. CC chemokines usually do not bind CXC‐chemokine receptors and vice versa. CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors are activated by CCL5 and CXCL12 chemokines, respectively, and are also used as HIV‐1 coreceptors. CCL5 contains one conserved binding site for a sulfated tyrosine residue, whereas CXCL12 is unique in having two additional sites for sulfated/nonsulfated tyrosine residues. In this study, N‐terminal (Nt) CXCR4 peptides were found to bind CCL5 with somewhat higher affinities in comparison to those of short Nt‐CCR5(8–20) peptides with the same number of sulfated tyrosine residues. Similarly, a long Nt‐CCR5(1–27)(sY3,sY10,sY14) peptide cross reacts with CXCL12 and with lower KD in comparison to its binding to CCL5. Intermolecular nuclear overhauser effect (NOE) measurements were used to decipher the mechanism of the chemokine/Nt‐receptor peptide binding. The Nt‐CXCR4 peptides interact with the conserved CCL5 tyrosine sulfate‐binding site by an allovalency mechanism like that observed for CCL5 binding of Nt‐CCR5 peptides. Nt‐CCR5 peptides bind CXCL12 in multiple modes analogous to their binding to HIV‐1 gp120 and interact with all three tyrosine/sulfated tyrosine‐binding pockets of CXCL12. We suggest that the chemokine‐receptors Nt‐segments bind promiscuously to cognate and non‐cognate chemokines and in a mechanism that is dependent on the number of binding pockets for tyrosine residues found on the chemokine. In conclusion, common features shared among the chemokine‐receptors' Nt‐segments such as multiple tyrosine residues that are potentially sulfated, and a large number of negatively charged residues are the reason of the cross binding observed in this study.
Lake browning counteracts cyanobacteria responses to nutrients: Evidence from phytoplankton dynamics in large enclosure experiments and comprehensive observational data
Authors: Lyche Solheim Anne , Gundersen Hege , Mischke Ute , Skjelbred Birger , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Guislain Alexis L. N. , Sperfeld Erik , Giling Darren P. , Haande Sigrid , Ballot Andreas , Moe S. Jannicke , Stephan Susanne , Walles Tim J. W. , Jechow Andreas , Minguez Laetitia , Ganzert Lars , Hornick Thomas , Hansson Truls Hveem , Stratmann Cleo N. , Järvinen Marko , Drakare Stina , Carvalho Laurence , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Gessner Mark O. , Berger Stella A.
Published: November 2023

Lakes worldwide are affected by multiple stressors, including climate change. This includes massive loading of both nutrients and humic substances to lakes during extreme weather events, which also may disrupt thermal stratification. Since multi‐stressor effects vary widely in space and time, their combined ecological impacts remain difficult to predict. Therefore, we combined two consecutive large enclosure experiments with a comprehensive time‐series and a broad‐scale field survey to unravel the combined effects of storm‐induced lake browning, nutrient enrichment and deep mixing on phytoplankton communities, focusing particularly on potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The experimental results revealed that browning counteracted the stimulating effect of nutrients on phytoplankton and caused a shift from phototrophic cyanobacteria and chlorophytes to mixotrophic cryptophytes. Light limitation by browning was identified as the likely mechanism underlying this response. Deep‐mixing increased microcystin concentrations in clear nutrient‐enriched enclosures, caused by upwelling of a metalimnetic Planktothrix rubescens population. Monitoring data from a 25‐year time‐series of a eutrophic lake and from 588 northern European lakes corroborate the experimental results: Browning suppresses cyanobacteria in terms of both biovolume and proportion of the total phytoplankton biovolume. Both the experimental and observational results indicated a lower total phosphorus threshold for cyanobacterial bloom development in clearwater lakes (10–20 μg P L−1) than in humic lakes (20–30 μg P L−1). This finding provides management guidance for lakes receiving more nutrients and humic substances due to more frequent extreme weather events.
Stabilisation of soil organic matter with rock dust partially counteracted by plants
Authors: Buss Wolfram , Hasemer Heath , Ferguson Scott , Borevitz Justin
Published: November 2023

Soil application of Ca‐ and Mg‐rich silicates can capture and store atmospheric carbon dioxide as inorganic carbon but could also have the potential to stabilise soil organic matter (SOM). Synergies between these two processes have not been investigated. Here, we apply finely ground silicate rock mining residues (basalt and granite blend) to a loamy sand in a pot trial at a rate of 4% (equivalent to 50 t ha−1) and investigate the effects of a wheat plant and two watering regimes on soil carbon sequestration over the course of 6 months. Rock dust addition increased soil pH, electric conductivity, inorganic carbon content and soil‐exchangeable Ca and Mg contents, as expected for weathering. However, it decreased exchangeable levels of micronutrients Mn and Zn, likely related to the elevated soil pH. Importantly, it increased mineral‐associated organic matter by 22% due to the supply of secondary minerals and associated sites for SOM sorption. Additionally, in the nonplanted treatments, rock supply of Ca and Mg increased soil microaggregation that subsequently stabilised labile particulate organic matter as organic matter occluded in aggregates by 46%. Plants, however, reduced soil‐exchangeable Mg and Ca contents and hence counteracted the silicate rock effect on microaggregates and carbon within. We suggest this cation loss might be attributed to plant exudates released to solubilise micronutrients and hence neutralise plant deficiencies. The effect of enhanced silicate rock weathering on SOM stabilisation could substantially boost its carbon sequestration potential.
Anti‐inflammatory and healing effect of the polysaccharidic extract of Opuntia ficus‐indica cladodes in cutaneous excisional wounds in rats
Authors: Adjafre Beatriz Lima , Lima Iásly Costa , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Lessa Rafael Aires , Cunha Arcelina Pacheco , Pereira Maria Gonçalves , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio , Mota Mário Rogério Lima
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and wound healing effects of the polysaccharide extract from Opuntia ficus‐indica cladodes (TPL‐Ofi) using a rat cutaneous wound model. After anaesthesia, four 7‐mm‐diameter dorsal wounds per animal (n = 6/group for each experimental day of evaluation) were created in female Wistar rats using a surgical punch. The animals were treated topically twice daily with TPL‐Ofi (0.01–1%; treated group) or sterile saline (control group) for a period of 21 days. Ulcerated tissue was collected for analysis of histological parameters (inflammation score, number of polymorphonuclear, mononuclear, fibroblast/myofibroblasts and blood vessels), immunohistochemical (fibroblast growth factor 2 [FGF‐2]) and oxidative stress markers (myeloperoxidase [MPO] and glutathione [GSH]). After 21 days of treatment, body weight, net organ weight and plasma biochemical levels were measured. TPL‐Ofi, containing a total carbohydrate content of 65.5% and uronic acid at 2.8%, reduced oedema on the second day and increased the nociceptive threshold on the second and third days. TPL‐Ofi reduced mononuclear infiltrate on the second and MPO activity on the fifth day. TPL‐Ofi increased GSH levels on the second day, as well as fibroblast/myofibroblasts counts, neoangiogenesis and FGF‐2 levels on the fifth and seventh days. No changes were observed in body weight, net organ weight or toxicology assessment. Topical application of TPL‐Ofi exhibited anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, ultimately improving wound healing in cutaneous wounds.
The Beers Criteria then and now
Authors: Rochon Paula A. , Hilmer Sarah N.
Published: November 2023

This editorial comments on the article by Hanlon et al. in this issue.
Corona mortis and pelvic dissection: Understanding the relationship between anatomical structures and bone areas
Authors: David Guillaume , Milliot Nathan , Rony Louis , Fournier Henri‐Dominique , Demondion Xavier , Bernard Florian
Published: November 2023

Pelvic fractures are becoming increasingly frequent. The gold standard for surgical managements remains open procedures. Despite its excellent biomechanically results, it can lead to many complications. Minimally invasive surgery could reduce these complications. For complex pelvic trauma, extraperitoneal endoscopic technique has never been described. The aim of this study is to determine anatomical landmarks which are useful for endoscopic pelvic ring surgery using an extraperitoneal approach. The second objective is to compare this minimally invasive procedure to expose the bone versus a traditional open approach. After preparing the vessels with latex injections, 10 specimens are dissected alternately, using an endoscopic method (MIS) on one side and an open method on the other side. Both procedures are performed on the same subject. The visualized bone areas are drilled with burr holes. The marked surfaces are measured with photogrammetry. Finally, the data are processed (surface analysis). An extraperitoneal endoscopic dissection that follows anatomical landmarks can be performed. Bone area (mm2) visualized by endoscopy was 74 ± 14 (59–94) compared to 71 ± 16 (48–94) by open method. Paired t‐test was performed with no significant difference between the two methods. Skin and muscular incisions were significantly lower in the MIS group (5.1, IC95% [4.1; 6.1], p < 0.001). An extraperitoneal endoscopic dissection of the pelvis can be performed. We also find no significant difference between our method and an open traditional approach concerning bone exposure. We offer a holistic approach to treat pelvic fractures by identifying key anatomical structures.
Reinterpretation of tuberculate cervical vertebrae of Eocene birds as an exceptional anti‐predator adaptation against the mammalian craniocervical killing bite
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Göhlich Ursula B. , Roček Zbyněk , Lemierre Alfred , Winkler Viola , Georgalis Georgios L.
Published: November 2023

We report avian cervical vertebrae from the Quercy fissure fillings in France, which are densely covered with villi‐like tubercles. Two of these vertebrae stem from a late Eocene site, another lacks exact stratigraphic data. Similar cervical vertebrae occur in avian species from Eocene fossils sites in Germany and the United Kingdom, but the new fossils are the only three‐dimensionally preserved vertebrae with pronounced surface sculpturing. So far, the evolutionary significance of this highly bizarre morphology, which is unknown from extant birds, remained elusive, and even a pathological origin was considered. We note the occurrence of similar structures on the skull of the extant African rodent Lophiomys and detail that the tubercles represent true osteological features and characterize a distinctive clade of Eocene birds (Perplexicervicidae). Micro‐computed tomography (μCT) shows the tubercles to be associated with osteosclerosis of the cervical vertebrae, which have a very thick cortex and much fewer trabecles and pneumatic spaces than the cervicals of most extant birds aside from some specialized divers. This unusual morphology is likely to have served for strengthening the vertebral spine in the neck region, and we hypothesize that it represents an anti‐predator adaptation against the craniocervical killing bite (“neck bite”) that evolved in some groups of mammalian predators. Tuberculate vertebrae are only known from the Eocene of Central Europe, which featured a low predation pressure on birds during that geological epoch, as is evidenced by high numbers of flightless avian species. Strengthening of the cranialmost neck vertebrae would have mitigated attacks by smaller predators with weak bite forces, and we interpret these vertebral specializations as the first evidence of “internal bony armor” in birds.
Elastogenic potential and antisagging properties of a novel Murraya koenigii extract
Authors: Lorion Chloé , Bardin Viviane , Bonnet Sébastien , Lopez‐Gaydon Amandine , Vogelgesang Boris , Bechetoille Nicolas
Published: November 2023

Background

The process by which functional elastic fibers are produced, namely elastogenesis, is complex and difficult to assess in vitro. Identifying efficient elasticity‐boosting ingredients thus represents a challenge.

Aims

The elasticity‐boosting properties of a novel extract of Murraya koenigii leafy stems were assessed in vitro in 3D culture models before being evaluated in human female volunteers.

Methods

Synthesis of elastic fiber related proteins was evaluated in a skin‐equivalent model. Using multiphoton microscopy, the structural organization of elastin deposits was studied within a scaffold‐free dermal microtissue. Biomechanical properties of the 3D microtissue were also measured by atomic force microscopy. In vivo, fringe‐projection and image analysis were used to evaluate nasogenian fold severity in a panel of Caucasian female volunteers. The impact of gravity on visible signs of facial aging was assessed by clinical scoring carried out alternatively in the supine and sitting positions.

Results

We showed the Murraya koenigii extract increased protein expressions of elastin and fibrillin‐1 in a 3D skin equivalent model. Using scaffold‐free dermal microtissue, we confirmed that Murraya koenigii extract allowed a proper and ordered network of elastin deposits and consequently improved tissue elasticity. Clinical data showed that a twice‐daily application for 98 days of the extract formulated at 1% allowed to visibly reduce nasogenian fold severity, jowl severity and to mitigate the impact of gravity on the facial signs of aging.

Conclusion

The newly discovered extract of Murraya koenigii leafy stems represents an innovative antiaging ingredient suited for elasticity‐boosting and antisagging claims.
Competence and perceptions of spiritual care among clinical nurses: A multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guo Wei , Liu Xue , Zhang Yi , Chen Runan , Qi Wenqian , Deng Jiajia , Cui Jing
Published: November 2023

Aims

To identify latent profiles of competence and perceptions of spiritual care among clinical nurses and explore the possible influencing factors.

Background

Understanding nurses' level of spiritual care competence and their perceptions and acceptance of such care is important, which could help devise nurse training programmes to address such competence in clinical nurses. However, research addressing interindividual variability in competence and perceptions among Chinese nurses is lacking.

Design

Multicentre cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Nurses working in departments with critically ill patients from 12 community, 5 secondary and 10 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai completed a demographic information questionnaire and the Chinese versions of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale, Spiritual Care‐Giving Scale and Spiritual Perspectives Scale. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS v26.0 and Mplus version 8.3. Latent profile analysis identified subgroups with different levels of spiritual care competence.

Results

In total, 1277 Chinese nurses were recruited. Four profiles of competence and perceptions of spiritual care were revealed: Low ability (23.8%), High ability (6.4%), High acceptance (34.9%) and Moderate (34.9%). The level of job position, spiritual care‐related education, hospital grade and nurses' perceptions and perspectives of spiritual care predicted the probability of profile memberships in their competence.

Conclusions

There was heterogeneity in the characteristics of spiritual care competence. Nursing managers can implement individualised interventions, including relevant training, according to the influencing factors of different competence profiles to improve the level of such competence among nurses.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The results provide a new and expanded view of improving nurses' spiritual care competence. Interprofessional collaboration with clinicians, administrators, educators and spiritual leaders can contribute to the development of related education and training.

Reporting Method

EQUATOR guidelines, STROBE checklist: cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

All participants were clinical nurses. Participants were informed they could withdraw from the study at any time.
The Fire to Inspire: A Multilevel and Multimethod Investigation of How and When CEO Passion for Organizational Development Impacts Employee Creativity
Authors: Gong Qing , Liu Dong , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Jiang Chunyan , Chen Guoquan
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we conceptualize CEO passion for organizational development (CEO POD) as CEOs’ strong inclination to continuously grow and improve their companies, which they find important and fulfilling. We draw from social information processing theory to articulate how and when CEO POD may trickle down to facilitate frontline employees’ creativity. Our research encompasses three studies employing different methodologies, including a multilevel, multisource, and multiphase survey and two vignette‐based experiments. The results consistently support our model, revealing that CEO POD inspires middle managers to exhibit transformational leadership, which subsequently fosters frontline employees’ creativity. Moreover, CEO self‐promotion skills augment the indirect effect of CEO POD on employee creativity via middle managers’ transformational leadership. Our findings generate valuable theoretical and practical implications to leverage CEO POD to foster employees’ creativity in the fast‐changing business environment.
Size is not everything: Nuanced effects of female multiple mating and annual litter number on testes size in terrestrial mammals
Authors: van der Marel A. , Warrington M. H. , Waterman J. M.
Published: November 2023

Sperm production represents a costly reproductive investment by males. High reproductive competition within the female reproductive tract may select for higher sperm counts or quality resulting in selection for larger testes size. In species where females mate multiply or have more offspring per litter (litter size), or more litters per year (litter rate), male reproductive competition may select for larger relative testes size (i.e., scaled by body mass). Given that different mating systems vary in the alternative forms of reproductive investment available to males, sperm production levels may vary with social system. Here, we examined the relationship between testes size and mating systems, litter size, and litter rate while considering male lifespan and investment in paternal care in 224 terrestrial mammalian species in 15 orders. Relative testes size was larger in species where females mated with multiple males. Furthermore, in species with multiple mating females, species with higher litter rates had larger testes compared to species with fewer litters per year. In contrast, in monogamous species, species that had multiple litters per year had smaller relative testes sizes compared to species with fewer litters per year. Neither longevity nor paternal care influenced testes size. Our results elucidate the effect of female reproductive strategies on relative testes size is nuanced and varies between mating systems. Our findings suggest that the interplay between male reproductive investment and female reproductive investment may be different within similar social mating systems.
The effects of presidential breakdowns on foreign policy in Latin America
Authors: Sposito Italo B.
Published: November 2023

Presidents and their ideologies have long been thought to be important explanatory variables in Latin American foreign policy, but little is known about how presidential breakdowns, a common form of leader change, affect foreign policy. I use a qualitative structured comparison to analyze the effects of nine presidential ousters on their successors’ foreign policies. I focus on cases in which the legitimacy of the process is in a gray zone, when narrative disputes are more likely to emerge. The findings indicate that incumbents politicize foreign policy when they use it to attain public support but accommodate it to congressional interests when they need support of Congress; meanwhile, international peers respond to presidential breakdowns according to their strategic and ideological rather than normative concerns. Even though Latin America is dominated by weak states, domestic politics, especially during crises, play a major role in explaining their foreign policies. Considering the role played by presidents in foreign policymaking, understanding this kind of presidential succession is essential.
Photo‐identification and satellite telemetry connect southern right whales from South Georgia Island (Islas Georgias del Sur) with multiple feeding and calving grounds in the southwest Atlantic
Authors: Kennedy Amy S. , Carroll Emma L. , Zerbini Alexandre N. , Baker C. Scott , Bassoi Manuela , Beretta Nazarena A. , Buss Danielle L. , Calderan Susannah , Cheeseman Ted , Collins Martin A. , Costa‐Urrutia Paula , Ensor Paul , Groch Karina , Leaper Russell , Olson Paula , Passadore Cecilia , Riet‐Sapriza Federico G. , Vermeulen Els , Vilches Florencia , Wood Andrew G. , Jackson Jennifer A.
Published: November 2023

The sub‐Antarctic waters of South Georgia Island (Islas Georgias del Sur, SG/IG) are a regularly visited feeding ground for southern right whales (Eubalaena australis, SRW) in the southwest Atlantic. Satellite telemetry and photo‐identification records were compared to better understand the role of SG/IG in the SRW migratory network. We present the first insights from SRW satellite‐tracked from the SG/IG feeding ground, habitat use patterns in the Scotia Arc, and movements to Antarctic habitats. Photo‐identification comparisons to calving and feeding areas across the South Atlantic and a review of sightings of cetaceans reported from Bird Island (west of SG/IG) since 1979 illuminate long‐term habitat use patterns in SG/IG. We present the first recorded migratory movement between SG/IG and multiple countries: Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Photo‐identification (1) linked SG/IG to a female SRW with a long‐term sighting history in Brazil, and (2) provided the first match between SG/IG and the western Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting the latter could extend the feeding area for southwest Atlantic SRW. Satellite tracking and opportunistic sightings suggest that shelf and coastal waters west of SG/IG represent an important multi‐season SRW feeding habitat and add to our overall understanding of habitats and ranges occupied by recovering southwest Atlantic SRW.
Gastric plication surgery changes gastrointestinal and metabolic parameters in an obesity‐induced high‐fat diet model
Authors: Machado Mariana Pirani Rocha , Gama Loyane Almeida , Beckmann Ana Paula S. , Pinto Leonardo Antônio , de Miranda José Ricardo de Arruda , Marques Rozemeire Garcia , Américo Madileine Francely
Published: November 2023

Background

Obesity treatment includes less invasive procedures such as gastric plication (GP) surgery; however, its effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility parameters are underestimated. We aimed to verify the metabolic and gastrointestinal effects of GP surgery in the rat obesity model.

Methods

A high‐fat diet‐induced obesity was used. Animals were allocated to four experimental groups: control sham (n = 6); control GP (n = 10); obese sham (n = 6); and obese GP (n = 10). Nutritional and murinometric parameters, gastric motility, glucose tolerance, histopathology, fat depots, leptin, and lipoproteins levels were evaluated 30 days after surgery. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by post Tukey or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test.

Key Results

Gastric plication decreased leptin levels, feed efficiency, and body weight gain. GP does not improve lipid profile in obese animals and however, ameliorates glucose tolerance in control and obese rats. GP did not improve the gastric emptying time or normalize the frequency of contractions disturbed by obesity. Surgery provides a remodeling process in the mucosa and muscularis mucosa layers, evidenced by leukocyte infiltration mainly in the mucosa layer.

Conclusions & Inferences

Our study revealed the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on obesity is underestimated with pieces of evidence pointing out its important role as a target for surgical treatment.
Cross‐scale facilitation: a framework for microclimate moderation of climate change
Authors: Brigham Laurel M. , N. Suding Katharine
Published: November 2023

There is widespread evidence that plants can facilitate associated species through microclimate moderation. These effects can act locally, by increasing vital rates via direct effects on the conditions experienced by the beneficiary, or at the landscape scale, by enhancing population persistence via environmental heterogeneity and connectivity. Despite linkages between microclimate moderation and the consequences of climate change, few frameworks apply the concepts of facilitation, connectivity, and heterogeneity through this lens. We highlight the utility of expanding current research on facilitators to better understand how their ability to buffer abiotic conditions, promote heterogeneity, and enhance connectivity could shape beneficiaries' response to climate change at multiple scales. We additionally suggest tools and methods for enhanced incorporation of facilitators into models of species response, centered around the integration of facilitator‐moderated microclimates and species responses with the goal of better defining the scenarios under which facilitators could mitigate the effects of climate change. As climates continue to change, the consequences of microclimate moderation at local and landscape scales will become increasingly important to predict, understand, and manage biodiversity response.
Characterisation of the normal human ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer using widefield optical coherence tomography
Authors: Tong Janelle , Alonso‐Caneiro David , Kugelman Jason , Phu Jack , Khuu Sieu K. , Kalloniatis Michael
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To describe variations in ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in a healthy cohort from widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.

Methods

Widefield OCT scans spanning 55° × 45° were acquired from 470 healthy eyes. The GCIPL was automatically segmented using deep learning methods. Thickness measurements were extracted after correction for warpage and retinal tilt. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to discern trends between global GCIPL thickness and age, axial length and sex. To further characterise age‐related change, hierarchical and two‐step cluster algorithms were applied to identify locations sharing similar ageing properties, and rates of change were quantified using regression analyses with data pooled by cluster analysis outcomes.

Results

Declines in widefield GCIPL thickness with age, increasing axial length and female sex were observed (parameter estimates −0.053, −0.436 and −0.464, p‐values <0.001, <0.001 and 0.02, respectively). Cluster analyses revealed concentric, slightly nasally displaced, horseshoe patterns of age‐related change in the GCIPL, with up to four statistically distinct clusters outside the macula. Linear regression analyses revealed significant ageing decline in GCIPL thickness across all clusters, with faster rates of change observed at central locations when expressed as absolute (slope = −0.19 centrally vs. −0.04 to −0.12 peripherally) and percentage rates of change (slope = −0.001 centrally vs. −0.0005 peripherally).

Conclusions

Normative variations in GCIPL thickness from widefield OCT with age, axial length and sex were noted, highlighting factors worth considering in further developments. Widefield OCT has promising potential to facilitate quantitative detection of abnormal GCIPL outside standard fields of view.
Neurodevelopment and physical measurements in infants with birthweight of 500 grams or less
Authors: Itoshima Ryo , Oda Arata , Ogawa Ryo , Yanagisawa Toshimitsu , Hiroma Takehiko , Nakamura Tomohiko
Published: November 2023

Background

In infants born weighing ≤500 g, little has been studied about the association between neurodevelopmental prognosis and growth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and z‐scores of physical measurements in infants born weighing ≤500 g.

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective cohort study in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit in Japan. Infants born weighing ≤500 g between 2010 and 2019 were eligible. Z‐scores in weight, length/height, and head circumference at birth, due date (or discharge), 6 and 18 months of corrected age, and 3 years of age were compared between infants with and without NDI at 3 years of age. Three infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia were excluded from the comparison analyses. NDI was defined as having a developmental quotient of ≤70, cerebral palsy, visual impairment, or hearing impairment.

Results

Of 22 eligible infants, the incidence of NDI at 3 years of age was 54.5%. The z‐score was significantly smaller in the NDI group (n = 10) than that in the non‐NDI group (n = 9) in head circumference at birth (median, −1.94 vs. −0.75; Z = 0.54; p = 0.020), and in height at 18 months of corrected age (median, −2.84 vs. −1.79; Z = 0.58; p = 0.013) and 3 years of age (median, −2.02 vs. −1.21; Z = 0.47; p = 0.046).

Conclusions

NDI at 3 years of age was associated with a small head circumference z‐score at birth, height at 18 months of corrected age, and height at 3 years of age in infants born weighing ≤500 g.
Factors affecting guardians' decision‐making regarding the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine
Authors: Korematsu Seigo , Mine Mahito , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Hara Tomokuni , Oyama Shoichi , Tanaka Shuhou , Kobayashi Noriaki , Kawano Yutaka , Suganuma Eisuke , Furuichi Mihoko , Momoki Toshiro , Minakuchi Junichi
Published: November 2023

Background

In Japan, the vaccination rate against the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine for children was low. Therefore, in this study we investigated the factors influencing guardians' decision‐making regarding vaccination of their children.

Methods

From November 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023, pediatric clinics, departments, and midwifery clinics in Saitama Prefecture requested guardians of children under the age of 15 to complete an online questionnaire.

Results

Responses were obtained from 894 guardians of children aged 6 months to 15 years; 142 had had one of their children vaccinated at least once and 629 had not had any of their children vaccinated. Among guardians who had not had any of their children vaccinated, “the Age of children” was significantly younger (p < 0.001) and “Prevalence” (p < 0.001), “Free vaccination” (p < 0.001), and “Intentions of national and local governments” (p = 0.005) were selected as reasons significantly less frequently in comparison to guardians who had vaccinated their children. “Japanese adverse reactions” (p < 0.001), “Japanese effectiveness” (p < 0.001), “Adverse reactions” (p < 0.001), “History of adverse reactions” (p < 0.001), and “Reputation of friends” (p = 0.006) were selected significantly more frequently by guardians who had not had any of their children vaccinated.

Conclusions

Guardians who had had one of their children vaccinated at least once emphasized the importance of prevalence and free vaccination. On the other hand, guardians who had not had any of their children vaccinated placed particular importance on adverse reactions and the Japanese data on effectiveness. To guide the decision‐making of guardians, it is necessary to quickly collect and publish data on adverse reactions and effectiveness, particularly in Japanese individuals, so that citizens can decide whether to vaccinate themselves and their children.
Identification of compounds produced by male hairpencil glands of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea and their role in male autodetection and female mate acceptance
Authors: Mullegama S. R. , Hillier N. K.
Published: November 2023

Heliothine moths represent some of the world's most important agricultural pest species. Helicoverpa zea (Corn Earworm) and Heliothis virescens (Tobacco Budworm) cause billions in damage and control costs worldwide each year. Given their economic importance, sex pheromones of many species have been studied for the development of management techniques such as trapping for population monitoring. The majority of pheromones identified and studied to date have been female‐produced sex pheromones. Less emphasis has been placed on male sex pheromones, associated with abdominal hairpencil structures that often function in courtship or to attract females. The present study examines the composition, detection and behavioural role of male H. zea hairpencil compounds in male autodetection and in courtship. Comparative examination of the hairpencil effluvia of H. zea and H. virescens did not reveal distinct differences in pheromone blend composition produced by males of these species. Electrophysiological testing demonstrated broad antennal neuron response in both males and females of H. zea to nine key stimuli, with sexual dimorphism present in each species. Behavioural assays suggested that odours released by male hairpencils are important in mate acceptance by female H. zea and may play a role in mate choice and species isolation. Wind tunnel observations indicated that key H. zea hairpencil odours (hexadecanyl acetate and octadecanyl acetate) also function in mate competition, antagonising responses of downwind conspecific males following a synthetic female sex pheromone plume. This finding provides insight regarding male–male detection and response to hairpencil compounds in H. zea.
Systematic analysis of Prx genes in the Brachypodium genus and their expression pattern under abiotic constraints
Authors: Farjallah A. , Boubakri H. , Barhoumi F. , Brahmi R. , Gandour M.
Published: November 2023

Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are ubiquitous peroxidases required for the removal of excess free radicals produced under stress conditions.

Peroxiredoxin genes (Prx) in the Brachypodium genus were identified using bioinformatics tools and their expression profiles were determined under abiotic stress using RT‐qPCR.

The promoter regions of Prx genes contain several cis‐acting elements related to stress response. In silico expression analysis showed that B. distachyon Prx genes (BdPrx) are tissue specific. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed their differential expression when exposed to salt or PEG‐induced dehydration stress. In addition, the upregulation of BdPrx genes was accompanied by accumulation of H2O2. Exogenous application of H2O2 induced expression of almost all BdPrx genes. The identified molecular interaction network indicated that Prx proteins may contribute to abiotic stress tolerance by regulating key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis.

Overall, our findings suggest the potential role of Prx genes in abiotic stress tolerance and lay the foundation for future functional analyses aiming to engineer genetically improved cereal lines.
Support structures for a plural economy in rural areas? Analysing the role of community‐based social enterprises
Authors: Olmedo Lucas , Rinne‐Koski Katja Marika , O'Shaughnessy Mary , Matilainen Anne , Lähdesmäki Merja
Published: November 2023

Community‐led innovative solutions, including community‐based social enterprises, have been brought to the fore as significant actors with the potential to contribute to neo‐endogenous rural development. Through 34 interviews with stakeholders of four community‐based social enterprises operating in rural Ireland and Finland, we analyse the role of these organisations in the institutionalisation of plural (socio‐)economic relations within different rural areas of Europe. Our findings demonstrate how community‐based social enterprises can act as enablers and supporters of local markets, channels of redistributive resources and coordinators of local reciprocity, thus, contributing to ‘institutional thickness’ within their localities. We also show how structural differences, such as the role of local government in Finland and Ireland, can partially explain the role of these organisations as rural development actors. Finally, our article stresses the relevance of developing research and policies from a socially embedded and pluralistic view of the economy to provide nuanced analysis and realistic solutions to the complex challenges that rural areas face.
Testing the large genome constraint hypothesis in tropical rhizomatous herbs: life strategies, plant traits and habitat preferences in gingers
Authors: Záveská E. , Šída O. , Leong‐Škorničková J. , Chumová Z. , Trávníček P. , Newman M. F. , Poulsen A. D. , Böhmová A. , Chudáčková H. , Fér T.
Published: November 2023

Plant species with large genomes tend to be excluded from climatically more extreme environments with a shorter growing season. Species that occupy such environments are assumed to be under natural selection for more rapid growth and smaller genome size (GS). However, evidence for this is available only for temperate organisms. Here, we study the evolution of GS in two subfamilies of the tropical family Zingiberaceae to find out whether species with larger genomes are confined to environments where the vegetative season is longer. We tested our hypothesis on 337 ginger species from regions with contrasting climates by correlating their GS with an array of plant traits and environmental variables. We revealed 16‐fold variation in GS which was tightly related to shoot seasonality. Negative correlations of GS with latitude, temperature and precipitation emerged in the subfamily Zingiberoidae, demonstrating that species with larger GS are excluded from areas with a shorter growing season. In the subfamily Alpinioideae, GS turned out to be correlated with the type of stem and light requirements and its members cope with seasonality mainly by adaptation to shady and moist habitats. The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models suggested that evolution in regions with humid climates favoured larger GS than in drier regions. Our results indicate that climate seasonality exerts an upper constraint on GS not only in temperate regions but also in the tropics, unless species with large genomes find alternative ways to escape from that constraint.
Labour‐saving automation: A direct measure of occupational exposure
Authors: Montobbio Fabio , Staccioli Jacopo , Virgillito Maria Enrica , Vivarelli Marco
Published: November 2023

This article represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour‐saving technologies. After identifying robotic and labour‐saving robotic patents, the underlying 4‐digit CPC (Cooperative Patent Classification) code definitions, together with O*NET (Occupational Information Network) task descriptions, are employed to detect functions and operations which are more directed to substituting the labour input and their exposure to labour‐saving automation. This measure allows us to obtain fine‐grained information on tasks and occupations according to their text similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, and complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates.
Clinical efficacy and patients’ perception of virtual reality during wound care in adults: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Mazaheri Masood , Crooijmans Raoul F. , Vereen Maya , Corten Eveline M. L.
Published: November 2023

This study was aimed to review Virtual Reality's (VR) impact on pain, anxiety, opioid usage, physiological and behavioural responses, and patients’ experience during wound care (WC) in adults. We searched multiple databases (Embase, Medline ALL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar) from inception until January 27th, 2023. Included studies compared VR alone or as an adjunct to standard WC with standard WC or other distraction methods, in adults with burn or non‐burn‐related wounds. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised parallel‐group and crossover trials. The review followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting. Fourteen studies were eligible for inclusion. The meta‐analysis was limited to studies comprising solely of adult participants. VR reduced pain intensity compared to standard WC in all study designs. Despite not being included in the meta‐analysis due to reasons such as mixed population or lack of sufficient statistical data, other studies showed significant pain reduction using VR. Additionally, VR improved patients' experience of WC. No clear effect was found on other outcomes including anxiety, opioid usage and physiological and behavioural responses. VR shows promise in reducing acute pain and enhancing patients' experience of WC. The observed variations in the effects of VR at group and individual levels indicate the need for a personalised treatment plan by selecting the right VR for the right patient given at the right time.
Marker-based Augmented Reality Application for Car Basic Maintenance
Authors: Eg Su Goh , Zakaria Noor Hidayah , Muhammad Kamarul Jasmin Farena , Ahmad Johanna
Published: November 2023

In general, Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that allows the virtual object to complement the real-world environment. The rapid growth of technology has enabled mostly anyone to use AR technology. Thus, applying AR technology in the learning experience should normalize as it is now easy to access and there is much positive feedback based on the past research regarding AR in education. Unlike watching tutorial videos, AR teaching applications would provide users with different learning experiences. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide more immersive learning experiences to drivers to learn simple car maintenance. This application will illustrate 3D steps and procedures of simple car maintenance for drivers to learn in helping them to self-service their car. Consequently, there are 4 phases of this project that need to be carried out to achieve the objectives of this research. The first phase is to review the AR application concept and understand the car services techniques. The second phase is to design and develop the AR application that will provide simple car services techniques. The third phase is integrating the AR car services manual and finally evaluating the effectives of this application in providing the car basic maintenance tasks and knowledge to new drivers. The evaluation discovered that the drivers have more interaction during learning experience using the AR application.
Review: Issues and Challenges of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Technology in Autonomous Robot
Authors: Diginsa Muhammad Umar , Shafie Noraimi , Yusuf Nazir , Suleiman Sabi’U Usman
Published: November 2023

To aid in robot navigation and environment analysis, visual SLAM systems process visual data. Things like AMRs (autonomous mobile robots) and AGVs (autonomous guided vehicles) have been gaining popularity in recent years. These robots depend significantly on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology to keep the factory floor free of accidents. vSLAM employs a technique for estimating the precise positioning and orientation of a sensor relative to its environment as well as the navigation of the region around it. SLAM algorithms can be used in various applications, including self-driving vehicles, mobile robots, drones, etc. Visual SLAM does not refer to a particular set of methods or software. This paper proposes to review some of the issues and challenges facing SLAM technology in autonomous robot applications and draw a conclusion.
Neurodevelopmental defects in human cortical organoids with
N
-acetylneuraminic acid synthase mutation
Authors: Bu Qian , Dai Yanping , Zhang Huaqin , Li Min , Liu Haxiaoyu , Huang Yan , Zeng Ailing , Qin Feng , Jiang Linhong , Wang Liang , Chen Yaxing , Li Hongchun , Wang Xiaojie , Zhao Yue , Qin Meng , Zhao Ying , Zhang Ni , Kuang Weihong , Zhao Yinglan , Cen Xiaobo
Published: November 2023

Biallelic genetic variants in
N
-acetylneuraminic acid synthase (
NANS
), a critical enzyme in endogenous sialic acid biosynthesis, are clinically associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the mechanism underlying the neuropathological consequences has remained elusive. Here, we found that
NANS
mutation resulted in the absence of both sialic acid and protein polysialylation in the cortical organoids and notably reduced the proliferation and expansion of neural progenitors.
NANS
mutation dysregulated neural migration and differentiation, disturbed synapse formation, and weakened neuronal activity. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that
NANS
loss of function markedly altered transcriptional programs involved in neuronal differentiation and ribosomal biogenesis in various neuronal cell types. Similarly,
Nans
heterozygous mice exhibited impaired cortical neurogenesis and neurobehavioral deficits. Collectively, our findings reveal a crucial role of NANS-mediated endogenous sialic acid biosynthesis in regulating multiple features of human cortical development, thus linking
NANS
mutation with its clinically relevant neurodevelopmental disorders.
Intestinal Paneth cell differentiation relies on asymmetric regulation of Wnt signaling by Daam1/2
Authors: Colozza Gabriele , Lee Heetak , Merenda Alessandra , Wu Szu-Hsien Sam , Català-Bordes Andrea , Radaszkiewicz Tomasz W. , Jordens Ingrid , Lee Ji-Hyun , Bamford Aileen-Diane , Farnhammer Fiona , Low Teck Yew , Maurice Madelon M. , Bryja Vítězslav , Kim Jihoon , Koo Bon-Kyoung
Published: November 2023

The mammalian intestine is one of the most rapidly self-renewing tissues, driven by stem cells residing at the crypt bottom. Paneth cells form a major element of the niche microenvironment providing various growth factors to orchestrate intestinal stem cell homeostasis, such as Wnt3. Different Wnt ligands can selectively activate β-catenin–dependent (canonical) or –independent (noncanonical) signaling. Here, we report that the Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) and its paralogue Daam2 asymmetrically regulate canonical and noncanonical Wnt (Wnt/PCP) signaling. Daam1/2 interacts with the Wnt inhibitor RNF43, and Daam1/2 double knockout stimulates canonical Wnt signaling by preventing RNF43-dependent degradation of the Wnt receptor, Frizzled (Fzd). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Paneth cell differentiation is impaired by Daam1/2 depletion because of defective Wnt/PCP signaling. Together, we identified Daam1/2 as an unexpected hub molecule coordinating both canonical and noncanonical Wnt, which is fundamental for specifying an adequate number of Paneth cells.