bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting PRMT1 Reduces Cancer Persistence and Tumor Relapse in EGFR- and KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Kumbier Karl , Gayathri Savitha , Steri Veronica , Wu Lani F. , Altschuler Steven J.
Published: December 2024

Incomplete killing of cancer cells undermines oncogene-targeting therapies and drives disease relapse. Eliminating cancer cells that persist during treatment is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Here, we discovered that a specific isoform of type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT), namely, PRMT1, enables lung cancer cells with EGFR or KRASG12C driver mutations and high STAT1 activity to persist through targeted drug treatments. PRMT1 knockdown, combined with EGFR or KRASG12C inhibitors, decreased persistence and delayed cancer cell regrowth across cell line models and significantly prolonged tumor regression in xenograft models. In contrast, we found that knockdown of two other type I PRMT isoforms, PRMT4 and PRMT6, increased persistence. Finally, we found that targeting PRMT1 to reduce persistence is more effective in lung cancer models with intact versus deleted chromosome 5q31.1, a region enriched with JAK-STAT pathway genes, suggesting a potential stratification criterion. Together, our study pinpoints the PRMT1 isoform as a critical vulnerability of cancer persistence in EGFR- or KRASG12C-targeted therapies.

Significance:

Eliminating “persisters” before relapse is crucial for achieving durable treatment efficacy. This study provides a rationale for developing PRMT1-selective inhibitors to target cancer persisters and achieve more durable outcomes in oncogene-targeting therapies.
Nigerian Exceptionalism
Authors: Apata Gabriel O.
Published: December 2024

The United States boasts the largest Nigerian diaspora, a group reputed to be among the most educated and highest achieving diasporans in that country. In explaining the Nigerian successes in the US, this article identifies Nigerian exceptionalism as a key factor, here framed around the concept of national narcissistic grandiosity. Although Nigeria is not a nation-state but a state of many nations, Nigerians in the US are constructing the nearest thing to an ideational national identity outside Nigeria. This identity formation is based on the idea that diaspora, which means dispersing or scattering, often undergoes a three-way evolutionary process of shedding, retaining and acquiring identity, which creates interstitial spaces for the emergence of new identities. The discussion draws mainly on secondary literature to support the thesis and the arguments presented.
Proportion of forest surrounding breeding habitat predicts newt condition and fluctuating asymmetry
Authors: Lammens Leni , Vanroy Tosca , De Saeyer Nancy , Martel An , Baeten Lander , Lens Luc , Strubbe Diederik , Verheyen Kris , Croubels Siska , Goethals Peter , Pasmans Frank
Published: December 2024

We need urgent conservation efforts to curb global amphibian declines. Individual indicators provide valuable insights into how amphibian populations respond to different management practices. We compared body condition and fluctuating asymmetry of individual alpine newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris) from ten populations across a gradient of both terrestrial and aquatic structural habitat complexity. Newt body condition was better in ponds surrounded by a greater proportion of forest (, estimate ± SE = 0.46 ± 0.11). Moreover, newts in such ponds were more symmetrical than conspecifics in ponds surrounded by less forest (, estimate ± SE = −0.25 ± 0.09). Neither structural complexity of ponds nor the complexity of the terrestrial environment had a significant impact on alpine newt body condition and fluctuating asymmetry. Our findings suggest a sufficient proportion of forest adjacent to the breeding habitat is important in sustaining adult condition of a common semi-aquatic amphibian.
On the Myanmar amber field-crickets described as “transitional” mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidea)
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , TAVARES GUSTAVO COSTA , HU TIAN-HAO , HE ZHU-QING
Published: December 2024

Two recent contributions on amber crickets from Myanmar are analyzed and contrasted. The first contribution was published by Cadena-Castañeda et al. (2023), and the second by Gu et al. (2024). The positions of both contributions are compared, and the different results are discussed in terms of morphology, phylogeny, and taxonomy. The following nomenclatural acts are proposed: at the suprageneric level, the family †Pseudogryllotalpidae Gu, Yuan & Ma, 2024 syn. nov. is synonymized under the subtribe †Pherodactylina Cadena-Castañeda & He, 2023 (Sclerogryllini), maintaining its placement in the family Gryllidae. At the genus level, †Pseudogryllotalpa Gu, Yuan & Ma, 2024 syn. nov., †Unidigitus Gu, Yuan & Yue, 2024 syn. nov., and †Petilus Gu, Yuan & Ma, 2024 syn. nov. are synonymized under †Pherodactylus Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020. Similarly, the synonymy of †Tresdigitus Xu, Fang & Wang, 2020 with †Pherodactylus is confirmed. †Chunxiania Xu, Wang & Fang, 2022 is revalidated, now including only one species †Chunxiania fania Xu, Wang & Fang, 2022. At the species level, †Pseudogryllotalpa scalprata Gu, Yuan & Ma, 2024 syn. nov., †Petilus zhengi Gu, Yuan & Ma, 2024 syn. nov., and †Unidigitus longialatus Gu, Yuan & Yue, 2024 syn. nov. are considered synonyms of †Pherodactylus micromorphus Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, while †Chunxiania fascia Gu, Yuan & Ma, 2024 syn. nov. is synonymized under †Chunxiania fania Xu, Wang & Fang, 2022. Additionally, the synonymy of †Tresdigitus gracilis Jiang, Xu, Jarzembowski & Xiao, 2022 under †Pherodactylus rectanguli (Xu, Fang & Wang, 2020) is corroborated. These synonymies were thoroughly justified, reducing the number of species from eight to three and genera from six to two. The other taxa represent different sexes or developmental stages of the three recognized species. The studied taxa are considered field crickets with notable adaptations to subterranean life compared to other Gryllidae, refuting their classification as an independent family related to Gryllotalpoidea.
5. Victory in Europe
Authors: Smith Justin
Published: December 2024

In the third part of this book the regular correspondence of Joan Prior, now promoted to Leading Wren, takes centre stage as the principal source, interspersed in Chapter 5 with the fortnightly summary reports on the progress towards the European war’s conclusion entered in the official Naval War Diary by ANCXF. Wrens supported the continuing work to clear and reopen key channel ports damaged by both allied bombing and the fleeing German forces, and the Mulberry harbour at Arromanches was finally closed. Meanwhile, cross-channel traffic and supply routes were extended amidst the ongoing menace of German U-boats, E-boats and midget submarines, and Hitler’s V-weapons, and the Channel Islands remained under Nazi control.

As the grip of a harsh winter gave way to spring, the social attractions of Paris were augmented by ENSA concert parties featuring the likes of Noël Coward, a visitation from the Glenn Miller Orchestra and the Luna Park funfair. While the cinema was still the staple and frequent entertainment, Montmartre became Joan’s favourite haunt, accompanied by her regular Royal Marine consorts. Meanwhile, her family at home were divided between Barking where V-weapons take a heavy local toll, and rural Somerset where her parents find safe retreat. It was there that Joan spent VE Day on leave, when it came at last, while her fellow Wrens partied with abandon in central Paris.
Mean Cold Pool Size of Quasi-Equilibrium Convection. Part I: Why Do Cold Pools Collide?
Authors: Fu Hao , O’Neill Morgan E
Published: December 2024

Precipitation-driven cold pools play an important role in organizing tropical convection. Previous studies of tropical convection in the radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) setup found that cold pools tend to collide with each other and trigger new convection. It remains unclear why most cold pools do not have enough space to dissipate without collision. We explain it as the smaller mean cold pool radius Req compared to its maximum potential radius Rmax. The latter denotes the radius needed for a cold pool’s buoyancy deficit to be dissipated by surface heating. Applying an energy balance constraint leads to an analytical solution for their ratio Rmax/Req, which depends on the Bowen ratio, surface precipitation–evaporation ratio, and rain sedimentation efficiency. The theory predicts that in the regime of marine tropical convection where the Bowen ratio is much smaller than one, Req cannot reach Rmax, and cold pools must collide frequently. This prediction is supported by large-eddy simulations using varying rain evaporation rates. In Part II, we combine the energy balance constraint with a convective life cycle model to obtain a theory of the mean cold pool radius Req.
Potential Vorticity Circulation across the Boundary of the Northern Troposphere and Its Link with East Asian Summer Monsoon in July
Authors: Li Yanxi , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , He Bian , Sheng Chen , Mao Jiangyu , Ma Tingting
Published: December 2024

Based on the potential vorticity (PV) theory and employing statistics and diagnostics, this study investigated the characteristics of the PV substance (PVS) and PV circulation (PVC) and the relationship between the PVC across the equator and tropopause in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in July. The results indicate that the elevation of the thermal tropopause produces a prominent downward slope in the midlatitudes, with stronger absolute PVS in the stratosphere. The wind-shear-related PVC penetrates the tropopause downward over the NH high latitudes, travels southward in general to the Southern Hemisphere (SH), penetrates the tropopause upward over the SH high latitudes, and finally travels northward to the northern stratosphere. The cross-equatorial PVC exhibits a layered structure from the surface to the tropopause depending on the vertical shear of the zonal wind. The cross-tropopause PVC has strong meridional gradients over the northern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The combined effects of the PVC across the tropopause and equator can trigger the adjustment of the tropospheric internal PVC, resulting in PVS and circulation redistribution within the NH. Abnormal temperature advection, moisture convergence, and vertical motion were generated, forming a meridional seesaw of precipitation over the East Asian summer monsoon area. Attribution diagnoses revealed that the tropical sea surface temperature anomaly contributed significantly to the cross-equatorial PVC, whereas the meridional gradient of the PVS over the northwestern TP contributes more to the cross-tropopause PVC. Their joint effects generate a precipitation seesaw in the EASM in July.
Des druides à l’Assemblée nationale du Québec. Laïcité et spiritualité autour de la « Charte des valeurs » (projet de loi 60)
Authors: Boissière Nicolas
Published: December 2024

In November 2013, the Minister responsible in Quebec for Democratic Institutions and Citizen Participation launched, as part of his Bill 60 for the adoption of a “charter of values”, a general consultation in which the whole population was invited to deliver its opinion in the form of memoirs submitted to the Commission des institutions. Over two hundred documents were received, including one from the Communauté des druides du Quebec, a group of French-speaking practitioners of Druidry, this Contemporary Pagan tradition that reconstructs and reinvents the pre-Christian religious system of the Celtic peoples. Based notably on ethnographic research conducted between 2012 and 2017 within the Quebecois Neo-Druidic milieu, this article aims to analyze the issues surrounding this initiative in order to question, following recent works, how secularism is tackled by religious and spiritual groups.
A European reflection on the revision of the System of Radiological Protection
Authors: Cromnier N.
Published: December 2024

This paper provides HERCA's reflections on the revision of the system of radiological protection. HERCA has identified four key areas of improvements of importance for HERCA members. These are simplification of the system of RP, justification and optimisation, use of reference levels, radon and communication. The paper elaborates the need for change identified in these four areas as well as in regard to a few other issues.
Enhance justification of medical exposures: a case study of completeness and vetting of CT requisitions for children and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kisembo H.N. , Malumba R. , Babirye D. , Salama D.H. , Kawooya M.G.
Published: December 2024

Clinical information is of importance for justification of imaging procedures, strengthening radiation protection and improving appropriate utilisation of imaging resources. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of completeness of clinical information and vetting computerised tomography requisition forms (CTRFs). This was a retrospective review of all consecutive CTRFs for patients 35 years and below performed from 1 July through 31 December 2018 from six hospitals. Hard copies of CTRFs were reviewed for completeness of clinical information against a ‘standardised’ check list and whether vetted by a medical imaging practitioner (MIP). Data was descriptively analysed using STATA-14. The results were presented as proportions / frequencies /tables. Of the 972 CTRFs assessed, 464(47.7%) were from PNFP, 408(42%) public hospitals and 100 (10.3%) from PFP hospitals. All the CTRFs had incomplete clinical information. The fields with 100% information included patient's name, age and anatomical region to be scanned. Pregnancy status, renal functional tests and allergy status were the worst fields with no information at all and Only 18 (1.9%) CRFs were vetted by a MIP. There are low levels for clinical information completeness in sub-Saharan Africa. Strengthening justification of medical exposures and radiation protection is a shared responsibility by both the users and providers yet underestimated.
An introduction to ecosystem services for radiological protection
Authors: Martinez N.E. , Canoba A. , Donaher S.E. , Garnier-Laplace J. , Kinase S. , Mayall A. , Stark K. , Whicker J.
Published: December 2024

It is important that the system of radiological protection provides for an appropriate level of human and environmental protection without unduly limiting desirable human actions, adversely affecting sustainable development, or resulting in unintended consequences. As such, there has been increasing interest in incorporating monitoring and assessment of ecosystem services in many contexts related to environmental protection and policy making. Ecosystem services are the benefits humankind derives from the workings of the natural world, i.e., from ecosystems, and are crucial to human well-being by, for example, providing nutritious food and clean water; regulating air quality; supporting crop pollination and soil formation; and offering recreational, cultural, and spiritual benefits. The mandate of the recently formed Task Group 125 is to explore and share knowledge on ecosystem services by providing background and recommendations on if and how ecosystem services can support a more holistic approach to environmental radiological protection (ERP) and, as specifically relevant to ERP, explore how the system of radiological protection contributes to the delivery of sustainable development. This paper provides an overview of ecosystem services and an introduction to the ongoing work of Task Group 125.
How do you solve a problem like conservatism?
Authors: Jeffries C. , Hondros J.
Published: December 2024

The International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP) has commenced a review of the system of Radiological Protection. This review commenced with a discussion paper, Keeping the ICRP Recommendations Fit for Purpose, and workshop in October 2021. The review, planned to take ten years, is an opportune time to rethink the way we do radiation protection. Members of the Australasian Radiation Protection Society work at the leading edge of implementation of ICRP recommendations. As practitioners, we know there can be undue effort applied at low doses (< 1 to 5 mSv y−1). This effort may, at times, divert resources from more significant radiation protection or workplace safety matters. Proactive consideration of the transition from reasonable protection measures to excessive conservatism will help to maximise benefit in radiation protection. This paper proposes practical approaches to the application of LNT for radiation protection at doses in the range of natural background levels. The proposals consider the IRPA position on reasonableness and aim to be consistent with the IAEA graded approach to regulation of radiation.
Modeling of heavy charged particle tracks overlap by pair of Al2O3:C, Mg dosimeters
Authors: Elshiekh S. , Kehail M.A.A.
Published: December 2024

Ion beam therapy (IBT) is the medical use of heavy charged particles to treat cancer due to their physical and biological properties, and damage the tumor at a given physical dose without causing damage to healthy tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the ion track overlap (TO) from aluminium oxide doped with carbon and magnesium (Al2O3:C-Mg) dosimeters as a probability function. The dosimeters were exposed to proton 3 MeV u−1 and carbon 26 MeV u−1 heavy charged particle (HCP) beams-dosimeters in the interval of fluencies from 2.23 × 106 to 8.93 × 107 (ion cm−2). The TO occurs for fluencies higher than 106 cm2 for all radiation types. A model for the TO process was developed, considering the dependence of the quantity of TO on the number of simulated tracks by a probability function, also the number of total induced tracks was determined. As the particle fluence increases, TO also increases, leading to increasing the number of track per spot. Therefore, the HCP fluence or dose at which the histogram starts to change may be an indication of onset of TO. It was observed that, TO starts from the fluence above 106 cm2, also the number of track per spot was increased with the increase of the fluence and the probability of getting one track per spot is approximately 100%. for the very low fluence.
Communication with patients on radiological procedures
Authors: Paeng J.C. , Kang K.W.
Published: December 2024

In recent years, radiological procedures in medical practice have been increased dramatically. The average radiation exposure from medical procedures and nuclear medicine was estimated to be 3.0 mSv year−1 in the United States, and 2.1 mSv year−1 in South Korea. Radiotherapy and radioisotope therapy are also increasing with the rising incidence of various cancers. Most of patients and physicians understand the concept of risk-benefit assessment and accept the benefit of such procedures that exceed the risk from radiation exposure. However, some patients and their caregivers have overconcern about the radiation exposure. On the other hand, a few do not pay any attention to the radiation protection. Thus, appropriate communication between the physicians, patients and their caregivers are required for optimal patient care and radiation protection. The communication should be based on scientifically appropriate risk assessment. Currently, dosimetry schemes for radiological procedures are well established, and there are considerable epidemiological data about the radiation effect on human health. A physician should be aware of the radiation dose and its effect, when performing a radiological procedure. Also, the purpose and need for radiological diagnosis or treatment should be discussed between the physician and the patient. Reliable quantitative assessment of risk and benefit is the beginning of the communication. In communication with those who have overconcern about radiation exposure, some principles need to be noted to improve emotional perception of the risk, such as high understanding, self-decision, and self-control. For better understanding of the radiation hazard, its amount needs to be understood in comparison with those of other well-known risk factors, such as traffic accident, surgical anaesthesia, and bike riding. Exaggerated or even false information from media or film should be avoided. It is also necessary to give sufficient information on the disease status and other available diagnostic and therapeutic options, except radiological procedures. When the decision for a certain radiological procedure is made by patient, the emotional perception would be improved. Additionally, it is also good to provide guidance for self-controlling radiation dose, if available. In case of radioisotope treatment, there are several preparation methods and guidance for patients to reduce radiation exposure of themselves and their caregiver. In summary, physicians' communication with patients on radiation risk should be based on scientific data, sufficient information, and sharing of decision and control with patients.
Reverse hate speech, pragmatics, and the authority problem
Authors: Brown Alexander
Published: December 2024

Applying speech act theory to the phenomenon of hate speech, some philosophers seek to explain how even ordinary people can obtain the capacity, power, or authority to oppress, subordinate, or marginalise the targets of their verbal attacks. Such explanations are answers to what is called the authority problem. However, hitherto these philosophers have focused exclusively on standard examples of racist speech in which members of historically oppressor groups verbally attack members of oppressed groups. In this paper, I address the (or an) authority problem in relation to examples of reverse hate speech, where members of historically oppressed groups verbally attack members of oppressor groups. I critically examine two conventional answers to the authority problem: the first is that even ordinary people can successfully perform prototypical hate speech acts by virtue of being participants in norm-governed social practices of racism; the second is that such people can do so by virtue of the silence of bystanders granting them licensed authority. I argue these conventional answers have lesser explanatory heft as applied to examples of reverse hate speech. I then introduce and defend a third answer to the authority problem, which I believe can adequately account for examples of both standard and reverse hate speech, namely the possession of informal social authority.
Teaching artists or live performers? Early careers after a Jazz Master’s graduation in French-speaking Switzerland
Authors: Widmann Hélène , Perrenoud Marc , Güsewell Angelika , Audétat Marc
Published: December 2024

This article presents the results of the “Jazz Alumni” survey conducted in 2022 on the career beginnings of the musicians who obtained a jazz master’s degree at HEMU—Haute école de musique in French-speaking Switzerland between 2011 and 2017. Based on a mixed-methods diachronic approach, the study included 45 graduates (38 men and 7 women). Like most performing artists, they experience professional instability and are faced with low incomes compared to their level of training. Our study indicates that jazz graduates predominantly rely on teaching to mitigate the risks associated with the precarious nature of their profession, thereby improving their working conditions and generally avoiding non-musical work. Further findings identify two distinct approaches to balancing teaching and performing. Possible explanations for these different career paths include socialization to different national regulatory regimes and gender inequalities.
Effects of 4-week Eri silkworm cornflakes supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in male university athletes: A preliminary crossover study
Authors: Boonla Orachorn , Booranasuksakul Uraiporn , Padkao Tadsawiya , Phoemsapthawee Jatuporn , Tangwattanachuleeporn Marut , Koowattanatianchai Sukrisd , Prasertsri Piyapong
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study among moderately fit male athletes investigated changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant levels after supplementation with Eri silkworm cornflakes. Method: Male university athletes ( n = 18, age 19–21 years) were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial. They participated in either the supplementation period (consuming 0.20 g protein/kg body weight Eri silkworm daily) or the control period (no supplementation). Each period lasted 4 weeks, with a washout period of 4 weeks in between. Results: Compared to the control period, reduced glutathione concentration ( p = 0.019) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio ( p < 0.001) were significantly higher, and oxidized glutathione ( p = 0.018) and malondialdehyde ( p = 0.002) concentrations were significantly lower in the supplementation period. Conclusion: Eri silkworm supplementation as cornflakes for 4 weeks improved oxidative stress and antioxidant status in male university athletes. This supplement may be an alternative to support optimal antioxidant status for athletic individuals. Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR): TCTR20180303003.
Risk-based breast cancer screening: What are the challenges?
Authors: Rubio Isabel T. , Drukker Caroline A. , Esgueva Antonio
Published: December 2024

Population-based screening programs aim to detect the disease at an early stage, so less treatment will be needed as well as having better oncological outcomes when diagnosed earlier. In the majority of European countries, breast cancer screening programs are designed based on women age.

Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial data demonstrates a reduction in the relative risk of breast cancer mortality due to screening, which has been estimated to be approximately 20%.

One of the controversies about the population breast screening programs is that age-based screening ignores women’s individual breast cancer risk. Identification of high-risk women may intensify the screening measures and will optimize the population screening programs to align them to individual risks.

Family history of breast cancer is one of the risk factors to consider along with the recently developed polygenic risk scores to stratify women into a risk group. Other factors to assess risk include: mammographic breast density; B3 lesions with atypia in breast biopsy specimens; hormonal and lyfestyle and, potentially, epigenetic markers. Still, there are some difficulties in validating these factors and reflecting the interaction between risk factors in the models.

Ongoing screening trials (e.g., WISDOM and MyPebs) are currently evaluating the clinical acceptability and utility of risk-stratified screening programs in the general population, and should provide valuable information for the possible implementation of such programs.

Communication of complex risk information to the women, as well as assessing ethical concerns need to be addressed before implementation of risk stratified programs.
Singing interventions in depression: A scoping review
Authors: Wei Yaming , Zheng Wenjia , Fan Qianqi , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: December 2024

The growing prevalence of depression, a major global health problem, has led to the exploration of complementary treatments such as singing, which can provide emotional healing and psychological support. Singing interventions are known for their universal appeal and potential neurobiological and psychosocial benefits. This review analyzes 11 studies from 2013 to 2023, revealing singing’s efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms, enhancing emotional well-being, and fostering social connections across diverse populations and backgrounds. The versatility of singing interventions is emphasized, with various formats including online sessions and person-centered therapy, addressing conditions like postpartum depression, geriatric depression with dementia, and depression in Parkinson’s disease patients. The article confirms the effectiveness of these interventions in multiple settings, underlining their adaptability and wide applicability as therapeutic tools. Singing interventions are presented as promising, non-invasive, and enjoyable options for managing depression, with immediate benefits and potential for long-term impact. The review calls for further research and integration of singing into mental health care, advocating for more standardized and flexible intervention strategies and a deeper exploration of singing’s lasting effects on depression.
Mathematical modeling and optimum design of zinc oxide nanostructures modified carbon fiber reinforced polymethylmethacrylate-based bone cement composite using machine learning methods
Authors: Savran Melih , Aydin Levent , Ok İzel , Aykaç Ahmet
Published: December 2024

A novel design-modeling strategy is proposed to enhance the mechanical properties of a medical polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (BC) under compressive and flexural loading conditions by considering the ratio of carbon fiber (CF), zinc (Zn)-coated carbon fiber (CF/Zn), and nanostructured zinc-oxide (ZnO) coated CF as design variables. A detailed study was carried out on multiple nonlinear neuro-regression analyses and revealed the advantages of the proposed method compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Polynomial, trigonometric and hybrid mathematical models are used to define the experimental process accurately. The boundedness of the candidate models is checked after the calculation of R2training and R2testing values to reveal whether the model is realistic or not. The results show that hybrid models are the most successful when the strength and strain are considered objective functions; the fourth-order polynomial model should be preferred when the module is considered objective. Also, it is seen that the most significant advantage of the Neuro-regression approach compared to artificial neural networks is that the mathematical models can be used directly without needing any transformation. This is not possible in neural networks and, therefore, significantly limits and complicates the use of models obtained using ANN.
Understanding the Customers’ Emotions and Experience of Robot-assisted Services in Luxury Hotels and Its Influence on Revisit Intention
Authors: Suganthi A. , Jasim K. Mohamed
Published: December 2024

The application of artificial intelligence is growing rapidly in the hospitality industry. Therefore, understanding guests’ emotions and the services provided by service robots is critical to assessing guests’ revisit intentions in robotic hotels. Data from 390 respondents were collected using a structured questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modelling using the semopy library in Python programming was used to test the measurement model and the structural model. The results show that customer emotions and customer service have an insignificant impact, while customer experience has a significant positive impact on revisit intention. In addition, the mediation effect of customer experience was also measured. The results provide deep insights into the influence of service robots on revisit intention. In addition, the recommendations are discussed in the implications of the study. In summary, this study improves the understanding of customer expectations of service robots in hotels, which, in turn, affects visit intention. This study applies cognitive appraisal theory and uses first- and second-order constructs to investigate the influence of customer emotions, customer service and customer experience on guests’ revisit intention in hotels with service robots.
Impact of Phototherapy on Childhood Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Galdos-Bejar Marcelo , Belanovic-Ramirez Ivana , Baquedano-Rojas Carlos , Alarcón-Espinosa Jorge , Joya-Arista Valeria , Arrarte-Perez Aaron , Orco-Leon Alipio
Published: December 2024

Neonatal phototherapy is a widely used and generally safe short-term treatment. This review aims to explore the association between phototherapy and the risk of childhood neoplasia. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted, including cohort or case-control studies that investigated this association. Bias and certainty assessments were performed, utilizing the DerSimonian-Laird model for random-effects analyses. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot, with adjustments made through the trim-and-fill method. A total of 15 studies from nine countries were included, encompassing 7,842,858 individuals, of whom 4.8% received neonatal phototherapy The findings, rated at a medium level of evidence, indicated that those who underwent phototherapy had a 19% increased risk of developing any cancer (HR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.07-1.32; I² = 0.0%; T² = 0.00). The risk was 22% for hematopoietic malignancies (HR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.00-1.50) and 31% for leukemia (HR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.26-1.53), with no significant association found for solid tumors, brain tumors, or lymphomas. Moreover, those receiving phototherapy had 44% greater odds of developing any neoplasm (OR 1.44; 95% CI = 1.07-1.93). Despite limitations regarding dosage, duration, and shared risk factors in patients receiving phototherapy, the treatment should be administered according to guidelines to minimize unnecessary exposure.
The politics of inflation and revitalisation of wage solidarity in Scandinavia
Authors: Ibsen Christian Lyhne , Alsos Kristin , Andersen Søren Kaj , Bengtsson Erik , Nergaard Kristine
Published: December 2024

This article compares the policy and collective bargaining responses in the three Scandinavian countries to the cost-of-living crisis that began in 2021. The countries are known for their coordinated and consensual response to exogenous shocks. However, Scandinavian variants of neoliberal reforms, the 2009 Financial Crisis and, more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic have challenged the model. The comparative analysis finds three things. First, Norway and Sweden opted for rather generous measures compared with Denmark, and their measures were generally universal in nature, whereas the Danish measures were more targeted on specific groups. Second, with no statutory minimum wage, all three countries relied on collective bargaining to shore up wage incomes. Third, the different responses in the three countries pertain to different political and economic problem loads. We also find signs of convergence as wage solidarity seems to be experiencing a revitalisation in all three countries. This could have lasting effects on bargaining systems.
Work-Related Injury and Healthcare Access Among Day Laborers. Struggling at the Esquina
Authors: Garcia Rivas Javier , Choi Bongkyoo
Published: December 2024

California has a significant day laborer population, with about one-third of the total U.S. day laborer population working in the state. Day laborers, characterized by a lack of labor protections, low socioeconomic status, English illiteracy, and irregular immigration status, face numerous challenges regarding work-related injuries and limited access to healthcare. Eighty percent of day laborers are undocumented, and most do not have access to healthcare. Despite recent research growth, little is known about their experiences with work-related injuries and healthcare treatment. Our findings reveal that only 8.4% of day laborers have health insurance, and around 26% have experienced work-related injuries. This paper highlights the challenges faced by this population and emphasizes the importance of understanding their experiences to improve occupational health and safety policy. Additionally, we acknowledge the critical role of worker centers and national efforts in addressing health and safety issues among day laborers.
Disability and the transition from higher education to employment: Exploring attitudes among Norwegian frontline workers towards work inclusion
Authors: Goodall Gemma , Hardonk Stefan , Mjøen Odd Morten , Witsø Aud Elisabeth , Horghagen Sissel , Flatholm May-Liz , Kvam Lisbeth
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite labour market measures aimed at promoting work inclusion, the employment rate of people with disabilities in Norway remains lower in comparison to the general population. In addressing this discrepancy between policy and reality, our paper focuses on how disability is understood within the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV).

Objective

Our objective was to investigate frontline workers’ attitudes towards job-seeking graduates with disabilities and their suitability in different types of employment positions.

Method

We conducted a factorial survey experiment in which 1510 frontline workers evaluated 11701 vignettes describing graduate jobseekers with varying characteristics and types of disability. Multilevel linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of vignette variables and respondent characteristics on these evaluations.

Results

Results indicate that frontline workers within NAV are positive towards facilitating inclusive practices, but rate jobseekers with disabilities as significantly less likely to gain employment compared to those without. Personality traits and ethnicity also influence these ratings, indicating that perceptions of the successful jobseeker reflect ableist ideals that exist within the labour market.

Conclusion

We discuss our findings in light of street-level bureaucracy, arguing for increased attention towards the tension frontline workers face in promoting inclusion while simultaneously meeting employer expectations.
Employment status among persons attending cardiac rehabilitation in a primary healthcare setting: A Danish cohort study
Authors: Lindholm Mette Toft , Pedersen Charlotte Gjørup , Pedersen Pernille
Published: December 2024

Background:

Limited understanding exists regarding effective return-to-work strategies for persons participating in cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the association between CR completion and employment status at 6- and 18-months post-inclusion in CR within primary healthcare settings in the Central Denmark Region.

Methods:

A cohort study was conducted using data from a non-randomized clinical controlled trial involving persons with ischemic heart disease attending CR between August 1, 2018, and July 31, 2019, within the working age (18–65 years). Successful CR completion was defined as attending ≥75% of the program. Employment status was assessed at 6- and 18-months post-CR inclusion. Logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used for association analysis.

Results:

The study encompassed 244 participants, of whom 109 completed CR and 135 not. At 6 months’ follow-up, 65.9% of the study population were working, with 47.8% being CR completers and 52,2% non-completers. At 18 months’ follow-up, 69.3% of the participants were working, including 45.0% completers and 55.0% non-completers.

Conclusion:

The study found no statistically significant differences in employment status between persons who completed CR and those who did not, suggesting limited influence of CR attendance on subsequent employment outcomes.
Receipt of workplace accommodations does not vary by race/ethnicity but does vary by organization size for older workers in the U.S
Authors: Brucker Debra L. , Henly Megan , Houtenville Andrew J.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Prior research has found evidence that persons who are nonwhite are less likely to receive workplace accommodations than other persons.

Objective:

To test whether the receipt of workplace accommodations by adults aged 50 and older who had work limitations varies by race/ethnicity in the U.S., controlling for age, gender, education, organizational size, and the physical nature of the occupation.

Methods:

Bivariate and logistic regressions using 2002 to 2018 Health and Retirement Study data on adults aged 50 and older with a work limitation ( n = 6,711).

Results:

Receipt of workplace accommodations does not vary by race/ethnicity for U.S. adults aged 50 and older who had a work limitation, with an estimated 34% to 37% of all older adults receiving accommodations across all racial categories. Receipt of accommodations was more likely for persons working at organizations that employed 100 or more people, holding all else constant.

Conclusion:

Smaller employers may benefit from training or other supports to increase the availability of workplace accommodations. Workers with disabilities might also benefit from increased education offered by vocational rehabilitation agencies, workforce development programs, and other similar organizations on how to make requests for and implement reasonable accommodations.
A review of visually supported portable technology to support employment-related social behaviors for young adults with autism and developmental disorders
Authors: Peña Humberto , Gilson Carly B , Morissette Luis , Rogers Ashley , Kesavalu Anushka , Sabella Maya
Published: December 2024

Background: 

Portable electronic assistive technology with visual supports can assist people with autism and developmental disorders in their employment-related social behaviors in integrated work settings.

Objective: 

The purpose of this systematic literature review was to summarize the literature on different types of technology used to support the social skills of people in integrated employment. The research questions were: (1) What are the participant characteristics (e.g., age, disability, gender, race/ethnicity)?; (2) What are the intervention characteristics (e.g., design, interventionist, technology, setting)?; and (3) To what extent are the studies effective and meet quality standards based on WWC Standards 4.1?

Methods: 

This review included four phases (i.e., identification, screening, eligibility, inclusion) in which we identified nine studies that met our inclusion criteria and applied quality indicators based on What Works Clearinghouse Standards.

Results: 

Results for success estimates revealed improvements in social skills in the majority of the studies. Additionally, six studies met What Works Clearinghouse Standards With or Without Reservations.

Conclusions: 

Future directions and implications for practice are discussed. This review offers clinicians, educators, researchers, and practitioners in the community options to use different types of portable technology to support employment skills in young adults with autism and developmental disorders.
Parties and Coalition Governance in Presidential Democracies
Authors: Thijm Joris , Fernandes Jorge M.
Published: December 2024

Under what conditions do political parties employ junior ministers to keep tabs on their coalition partners in multiparty cabinets in presidential democracies? Existing literature on coalition governance in presidential systems has focused mainly on the role of presidents in monitoring coalition partners. Political parties have yet to be noticed. This paper contributes to the literature by placing parties front and center as strategic actors in presidential coalition governance. Specifically, we look at the conditions in which political parties employ junior ministers to shadow their coalition partners. Using an original data set covering 25 cabinets in seven presidential democracies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, we find that parties strategically use junior ministers to curb delegation perils and implement their collectively agreed-upon policy preferences. Our findings show that parties shadow nonpartisan ministers more extensively where presidents are strong. Furthermore, we show that democratic experience cements the use of coalition governance tools, suggesting an institutional learning process.
Analysis of Hydrological Response to Climate and Land Use Land Cover Changes in Jewha Watershed Using SWAT Model, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebrie Habte Dereje , Belliethathan Satishkumar , Ayenew Tenalem
Published: December 2024

Climate and LULC changes can affect runoff. Water stress is a major problem in Ethiopia’s upper and lower parts of the Jewuha watershed. This study aimed to examine the long-term patterns of freshwater availability in the study area under climate and LULC changes by analyzing long-term climate data using SWAT models. The SWAT model was used to simulate the runoff data. Calibrating and validating SWAT results were done by selecting sensitive parameters in the watershed. The LULC change predicted for 2045, a climate change analysis of the years 1984 to 2015 is conducted. The result of the study showed that surface runoff increased by 30.34 m3/s in 2015 as compared with 1984 mainly due to the impact of LULC change. Additionally, climate change’s impacts on the runoff increased by 16.1 m3/s in 2015 compared to 1984. The LULC classes, including vegetation cover (Forest and shrubland), experienced a shift from 35.94% in 1984 to 27.32% in 2015. The agricultural sector, which was 38.01% in 1984, has changed to 50.43% in 2015. The prediction values of agriculture and grassland are 52.29% and 24.193% respectively. At the same time, the prediction value of shrubland decreased to 14.186% in 2045. In general, the hydrology of the Jewha watershed is influenced by LULC and climatic variability in a significant and combined way.
Parasitic Contamination and Its Associated Factors in Fruits and Vegetables Collected From Ethiopia’s Local Markets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Girma Abayeneh , Aemiro Aleka , Alamnie Getachew , Mulie Yitbarek
Published: December 2024

Background:

Vegetables and fruits are vital components of a healthy diet; however, consuming unclean, uncooked, or improperly prepared products can lead to parasitic infections. Contamination often occurs during both the pre-harvest and post-harvest phases. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide evidence-based scientific information about the level of parasitic contamination and risk factors in Ethiopian fruits and vegetables sold in local markets.

Methods:

A random effects model was selected for analysis. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity using the I2 test. Publication bias was evaluated using the funnel plot, Begg’s, and Egger’s tests.

Results:

A total of 3697 samples from 11 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of parasitic contamination was 43.99% (1642/3697) with (95% CI: 38.04-49.95). The highest prevalence was recorded from helminths (26.42%), followed by protozoan infections (17.57%). The most predominant parasites were Entamoeba spp. (6.40%), Ascaris spp. (6.28%), Giardia spp. (5.98%), and Strongylida (4.59%). Contamination rate of fruits alone was 7.02%, while that of vegetables was 36.97%. Additionally, cabbage (8.14%), lettuce (6.46%), tomato (6.12%), carrot (5.71%), and green pepper (5.12%) were the most contaminated vegetables. Factors such as the vegetable produce (aOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 0.86-3.65) and not washed prior to display (aOR = 3.36; 95% CI: 2.00-4.73) were factors associated significantly with parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables.

Conclusion:

The current finding revealed a significant level of parasitic contamination in fruits and vegetables. As a result, food and drug regulatory bodies, the agricultural sector, and public health organizations need to educate vendors, farmers, and consumers about safe methods for growing, transporting, handling, and eating these products, while also ensuring the establishment of safe market environments.

Registration:

The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number “CRD42024585961.”