bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Adhesion to Dentin of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Coelho Ana , Vilhena Luís , Antunes Maria , Amaro Inês , Paula Anabela , Marto Carlos Miguel , Saraiva José , Ferreira Manuel Marques , Carrilho Eunice , Ramalho Amílcar
Published: October 2022

After the elimination of dental caries lesions, some microorganisms may remain viable in the tooth structure. Thus, cavity disinfection is an important procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cavity disinfectants on the adhesion to dentin of permanent teeth. Sixty molars were ground flat and randomly assigned to six groups: control; chlorhexidine; Aloe vera; glutaraldehyde; EDTA; ethanol. Cavity disinfectants were applied, rinsed, and air-dried. The restorations were performed with the aid of polyethylene tubes. Shear bond strength, work to detachment, and shear modulus were evaluated. All data were statistically analyzed and the level of significance was set at 5%. The control group showed the lowest shear bond strength (8.34 ± 2.68 MPa). Aloe vera showed the lowest work to debonding (2284 J/m2) while chlorhexidine showed the highest (9347 J/m2). Regarding the shear modulus, ethanol, chlorhexidine, and EDTA presented similar values to the control group (216.11 kPa), and glutaraldehyde and Aloe vera presented values twice as high. The use of chlorhexidine, ethanol, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, and Aloe vera did not impair the adhesion established between the dentin of permanent teeth and composite resin. Even though there is a need for clinical studies to support these findings, all disinfectants seem to be good choices as pretreatment agents.
How Does the Amount of a Physical Education Intervention Affect Gross Motor Coordination in Early Childhood?
Authors: Navarra Giovanni Angelo , Scardina Antonino , Thomas Ewan , Battaglia Giuseppe , Agnese Massimiliano , Proia Patrizia , Palma Antonio , Bellafiore Marianna
Published: October 2022

Little is known about the dose–response of physical education interventions on motor coordination in preschoolers. Our aim was to investigate whether the development of motor skills changed depending on different amounts of a physical education program (PEP) in children aged 3–5 years. One hundred forty-five children were recruited from kindergartens and randomly divided into a control group (CG, n = 28), which did not perform any PEP, and two intervention groups, which performed 4 h/week (I1, n = 78) and 10 h/week (I2, n = 39) of a PEP for 16 weeks. Each lesson was set in the form of a programmed game in order to produce fun, thus increasing enthusiasm for participation. Before and after the intervention, locomotor and object control skills and the gross motor development quotient were assessed with the Italian version of the gross motor development test. Both intervention groups showed a significant increase in the motor skills compared with the control group. Moreover, the level of performance was significantly higher after 10 h/week compared to 4 h/week. These findings can be useful for standardizing PEPs in preschool settings so that they can be applied by teachers for planning effective programs for developing motor skills in early childhood.
Postural Evaluation in Young Healthy Adults through a Digital and Reproducible Method
Authors: Trovato Bruno , Roggio Federico , Sortino Martina , Zanghì Marta , Petrigna Luca , Giuffrida Rosario , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

Different tools for the assessment of posture exist, from the simplest and cheap plumb line to complex, expensive, 3D-marker-based systems. The aim of this study is to present digital postural normative data of young adults collected through a mobile app to expand the possibilities of digital postural evaluation. A sample of 100 healthy volunteers, 50 males and 50 females, was analyzed with the mobile app Apecs-AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System® (Apecs). The Student’s t-test evaluated differences between gender to highlight if the digital posture evaluation may differ between groups. A significant difference was present in the anterior coronal plane for axillary alignment (p = 0.04), trunk inclination (p = 0.03), and knee alignment (p = 0.01). Head inclination (p = 0.04), tibia shift (p = 0.01), and foot angle (p < 0.001) presented significant differences in the sagittal plane, while there were no significant differences in the posterior coronal plane. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was considered to evaluate reproducibility. Thirteen parameters out of twenty-two provided an ICC > 0.90, three provided an ICC > 0.60, and six variables did not meet the cut-off criteria. The results highlight that digital posture analysis of healthy individuals may present slight differences related to gender. Additionally, the mobile app showed good reproducibility according to ICC. Digital postural assessment with Apecs could represent a quick method for preventing screening in the general population. Therefore, clinicians should consider this app’s worth as an auxiliary posture evaluation tool.
Iodine-123 β-methyl-P-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic Acid (123I-BMIPP) Myocardial Scintigraphy for Breast Cancer Patients and Possible Early Signs of Cancer-Therapeutics-Related Cardiac Dysfunction (CTRCD)
Authors: Harada Yuko , Shimada Kyosuke , Harada Satoshi John , Sato Tomomi , Kubota Yukino , Yamashita Miyoko
Published: October 2022

(1) Background: The mortality of breast cancer has decreased due to the advancement of cancer therapies. However, more patients are suffering from cancer-therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Diagnostic and treatment guidelines for CTRCD have not been fully established yet. Ultrasound cardiogram (UCG) is the gold standard for diagnosis of CTRCD, but many breast cancer patients cannot undergo UCG due to the surgery wounds or anatomical reasons. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of myocardial scintigraphy using Iodine-123 β-methyl-P-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) in comparison with UCG. (2) Methods: 100 breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy within 3 years underwent Thallium (201Tl) and 23I-BMIPP myocardial perfusion and metabolism scintigraphy. The images were visually evaluated by doctors and radiological technologists, and the grade of uptake reduction was scored by Heart Risk View-S software (Nihon Medi-Physics). The scores were deployed in a 17-segment model of the heart. The distribution of the scores were analyzed. (3) Results: Nine patients (9%) could not undergo UCG. No correlation was found between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and Heart Risk View-S scores of 201Tl myocardial perfusion scintigraphy nor those of BMIPP myocardial metabolism scintigraphy. In a 17-segment model of the heart, the scores of the middle rings were higher than for the basal ring. (4) Conclusions: Evaluation by UCG is not possible for some patients. Myocardial scintigraphy cannot serve as a perfect alternative to UCG. However, it will become the preferable second-choice screening test, as it could point out the early stage of CTRCD.
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics
Authors: Bakiu Rigers , Boldrin Francesco , Pacchini Sara , Schumann Sophia , Piva Elisabetta , Tolomeo Anna Maria , Ferro Diana , Grapputo Alessandro , Santovito Gianfranco , Irato Paola
Published: October 2022

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight sulfur-rich proteins, widely distributed in nature. They play a homeostatic role in the control and detoxification of metal ions. Previous studies indicated that MTs also have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the protein in the notothenioid fish, evolved under the selective pressure of relatively high oxygen partial pressures, characteristics of cold Antarctic seawaters, and relatively high concentrations of metal ions, Cd and Cu in particular. The cDNA sequences of MT isoforms were characterized in members of the Nototheniidae, Bathydraconidae, Artedidraconidae, and Channichthyidae families. The phylogenetic relationships of MTs from these families and other teleosts were inferred by using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis of coding region and untranslated (UTR) sequences indicated the presence of two MT clades, each containing one of the two MT isoforms, MT-1 and MT-2. Our results indicated, for the first time for these proteins, that the evolution of MT genes has been characterized by strong purifying selection, whereas it did not observe any evidence of positive selection. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the UTRs suggested that functional changes, in particular related to the MT-1 gene expression, had accompanied the duplication event.
Interspecific Aggression and Food Competition between the Global Invader Palaemon macrodactylus and the Native Palaemon elegans
Authors: Cavraro Francesco , Facca Chiara , Altavilla Luca , Malavasi Stefano
Published: October 2022

The impact of invasive alien species on native communities can act at different levels both by affecting the ecosystem’s structure (i.e., mainly in the case of vegetation) and through direct interactions (i.e., competition for food or space). Behavioral studies under controlled conditions can provide relevant information on both the invasive potential of alien species and the potential impact of the invaders on the local native species. In the laboratory, the competition for food resources between the invasive oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus, Rathbun, 1902, and the Mediterranean native shrimp Palaemon elegans, Rathke, 1836, was analyzed. These species are typical residents of coastal transitional and estuarine waters, so the experiments were carried out using two salinity conditions that characterize the coastal lagoon of Venice. Although at both salinity treatments the alien species tended to be more aggressive than the native one, significant differences between the two species were mainly observed at a salinity of 30. In particular, at a salinity of 30, P. macrodactylus spent more time attending to the food source than the native species. The results are discussed in light of the potential inter-specific competition between the two species within the conditions of the Venice lagoon.
Backscattering Statistics of Labeled Sentinel-1 Wave Mode Imagettes for Ten Geophysical Phenomena
Authors: Dai Ziyue , Li Huimin , Wang Chen , He Yijun
Published: October 2022

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a sensor that is proven to have great potential in observing atmospheric and oceanic phenomena at high-spatial resolutions (∼10 m). The statistics of SAR backscattering that describe the image characteristics are essential to help interpret the properties of the geophysical processes. In this study, we took advantage of a hand-labeled database of ten commonly observed geophysical processes created based on the Sentinel-1 wave mode vignettes to document the SAR backscattering statistics. The probability density function (PDF), normalized variance, skewness, and kurtosis were investigated among the ten labeled categories. We found that the NRCS PDFs differ between types, implying the influences of these large-scale features on the radar backscattering distribution. The statistical parameters exhibited distinct variations among classes at the two incidence angles of 23.5∘ and 36.5∘. In particular, the normalized variance of low wind area at 23.5∘ exceeded other phenomena by an order of magnitude. This lays the basis for directly identifying the SAR images of low wind areas in terms of this parameter. Sea ice and rain cells at 36.5∘ span within a similar range of kurtosis values, much higher than the other groups. While sea ice could be excluded using a latitude threshold, the rain cells are readily detected. The global percentage map of directly identified rain cells is consistent with the deep-learning results but with higher efficiency. The influence of these large-scale atmospheric and oceanic features on radar backscattering statistics must be considered in the future wave retrieval algorithm for improved accuracy.
Dynamic Response of DP Offshore Platform-Riser Multi-Body System Based on UKF-PID Control
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Zhao Bowen , Bai Yong , Zhu Keqiang
Published: October 2022

The coupling effect between the offshore platform and the riser in the offshore platform-riser multi-body system might be greatly increased under heavy external maritime stresses. The system will become significantly more nonlinear. The partial secondary development of OrcaFlex is carried out considering the strong non-linearity of the dynamic positioning (DP) offshore platform-riser multi-body system, combined with the actual offshore construction engineering background and the lumped mass method, based on Python-language embedded programming with the basis of the operation principle of the application program interface (API) and the composition of its modules. To regulate the dynamic positioning of the offshore platform-riser multi-body coupling system, a UKF-PID control approach based on an unscented Kalman filter is presented. Based on the procedures described above, a classical calculation model is created, and the model’s calculation results are compared to those of relevant references, confirming the method’s validity and viability. Finally, the model of the PID-controlled dynamic positioning offshore platform-riser rigid–flexible multi-body system is developed, and a dynamic simulation is performed under specified sea conditions. The findings have implications for engineering practice.
Validating Sea-Level Altimetry Data against Tide Gauge for Coastal Risk Analysis in Mozambique
Authors: Nehama Fialho Paloge Juma , Veriua Zeinul Dufa Hassane , Maueua Clousa , Hibbert Angela , Calafat Francisco , Cotton Peter David
Published: October 2022

Satellite altimetry data provide a solution to the lack of in situ tide gauge data, which are essential for comprehending various marine processes worldwide. In the present study, we seek to validate ALES-retrieved sea-level data against tide gauge observations from four ground stations on the coast of Mozambique. The approach consisted of extracting data from selected tracks of the Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 missions, and processing it to (i) remove outliers, (ii) collocate alongside tide gauge data, (iii) remove the tidal component and detrend, and (iv) perform a set of statistical analyses. Good agreement was found between the altimetry and tide gauge data in three of the four stations (Maputo, r = 0.59; Inhambane, r = 0.87; and Pemba, r = 0.75), with the exception of Beira. The annual and semi-annual cycles in the two datasets revealed that the altimetry signal is smaller in amplitude and ahead (with a few exceptions) of tide gauge by a varying number of days in each location. Both the annual and semi-annual cycles are far more comparable in Pemba, where the amplitude in particular has the same order of magnitude, followed by the Maputo station. The study concluded that the selected altimetry data for Pemba and Maputo stations are valid and can be used for coastal risk analysis and other applications. No altimetry data could be validated for Inhambane and Beira stations due to lack of consistent and sufficiently long tide gauge records. This difficulty urges the need for improved maintenance practices of ground stations located near human settlements that rely on sound information of the sea level and its variability to protect lives, infrastructure and livelihoods.
Fish Farming Techniques: Current Situation and Trends
Authors: Araujo Glacio Souza , Silva José William Alves da , Cotas João , Pereira Leonel
Published: October 2022

World aquaculture is increasingly diversified and intensive, due to the use of new technologies, having grown a lot in recent decades and contributed significantly to improving food security and reducing poverty in the world, with fish farming being a promising activity for the production of protein with high nutritional value. The large aquaculture companies that recognize the potential of this important modality have invested in the study and production of various productive segments of the most diverse species of fish. This review article aims to provide information on the world panorama of marine fish farming, with the main systems and production stages of the most important organisms with commercial potential, aiming to achieve a highly sustainable production, with high nutritional content and benefits for human health. The production of live feed in the larval stage should be highlighted, in order to optimize survival and weight gain. In addition, trends in the cultivation of estuarine and saltwater fish will be detailed in this review, such as the use of biotechnology and technological innovations, cultivations integration, and biosecurity. Thus, innovative methods to optimize the farming system need to be more ecosustainable, reducing the negative impacts on the environmental level.
Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Marine SOx Scrubber Systems
Authors: Jee Jaehoon
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to identify the best solution for three SOx scrubber systems by evaluating their economic, environmental and technical performances: open-loop, closed-loop and hybrid scrubber systems. It adopted a novel muti-criteria decision-making model which can be introduced as the combination of lifecycle cost and lifecycle assessments, and fuzzy-TOPSIS and fuzzy-AHP. The analysis results of the case study of 72,100 gross-ton cargo ships suggested that the closed-loop scrubber systems would be the most effective in the consideration of all of the aspects, overall. It also shows the excellence of the proposed decision-making model to remedy the shortcomings of the conventional multi-criteria decision-making process by directing the analytic process in a wiser way, by means of fuzzy elements. For the environmental impact assessment, the lifecycle assessment approach enables one to obtain a holistic view of the Lifecycle emissions from the cradle to the grave. This paper finally shows the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can improve confidence in decision-making by extending a short-term view widely. Therefore, it was strongly believed that the proposed model is not necessarily/limitedly applied to marine systems but can be broad and noteworthy for a variety of studies requiring appropriate decision-making.
Toxicological Assessment of Pure Lolitrem B and Ryegrass Seed Infected with the AR37 Endophyte Using Mice
Authors: Finch Sarah C. , Hawkes Allan D. , Fitzgerald Joan M. , Broadhurst Ric B. , Staincliffe Maryann R. , Munday John S.
Published: October 2022

Fungal endophytes in perennial ryegrass are essential to New Zealand’s pastoral system due to anti-insect effects. However, endophytes also produce compounds which can be detrimental to animals. Furthermore, as these toxins have been detected in the milk and fat of animals grazing common-toxic (containing lolitrem B) or AR37 endophyte-infected herbage they could enter the human food chain. To assess the risk to human health mice were fed for 90 days with three dose rates of lolitrem B and of AR37. Parameters indicative of animal health were measured as well as chemical, hematological and histological analysis of samples collected on day 90. Since endophyte toxin residues have been detected in milk, they could be transferred from mother to offspring via breast milk. To evaluate possible effects on reproduction two complete generations of mice were fed lolitrem B or AR37. At the dose rates given no adverse effects were observed in either study. The 100-fold safety factor to allow the use of animal data in human health assessments was applied and by considering the concentrations of lolitrem B or AR37 metabolites which could be ingested by a consumer it is highly unlikely that they pose any risk to human health.
Ecological and Oceanographic Perspectives in Future Marine Fungal Taxonomy
Authors: Wijayawardene Nalin N. , Dai Don-Qin , Jayasinghe Prabath K. , Gunasekara Sudheera S. , Nagano Yuriko , Tibpromma Saowaluck , Suwannarach Nakarin , Boonyuen Nattawut
Published: October 2022

Marine fungi are an ecological rather than a taxonomic group that has been widely researched. Significant progress has been made in documenting their phylogeny, biodiversity, ultrastructure, ecology, physiology, and capacity for degradation of lignocellulosic compounds. This review (concept paper) summarizes the current knowledge of marine fungal diversity and provides an integrated and comprehensive view of their ecological roles in the world’s oceans. Novel terms for ‘semi marine fungi’ and ‘marine fungi’ are proposed based on the existence of fungi in various oceanic environments. The major maritime currents and upwelling that affect species diversity are discussed. This paper also forecasts under-explored regions with a greater diversity of marine taxa based on oceanic currents. The prospects for marine and semi-marine mycology are highlighted, notably, technological developments in culture-independent sequencing approaches for strengthening our present understanding of marine fungi’s ecological roles.
Special Issue: “Fungi: What Have We Learned from Omics?”
Authors: Esteves Ana Cristina
Published: October 2022

Fungi are vast in terms of diversity, ecological roles, habitats they occupy, physiology, metabolism, and in many other characteristics [...]
DhDIT2 Encodes a Debaryomyces hansenii Cytochrome P450 Involved in Benzo(a)pyrene Degradation—A Proposal for Mycoremediation
Authors: Padilla-Garfias Francisco , Sánchez Norma Silvia , Calahorra Martha , Peña Antonio
Published: October 2022

Pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), e.g., benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), are common components of contaminating mixtures. Such compounds are ubiquitous, extremely toxic, and they pollute soils and aquatic niches. The need for new microorganism-based remediation strategies prompted researchers to identify the most suitable organisms to eliminate pollutants without interfering with the ecosystem. We analyzed the effect caused by BaP on the growth properties of Candida albicans, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Their ability to metabolize BaP was also evaluated. The aim was to identify an optimal candidate to be used as the central component of a mycoremediation strategy. The results show that all four yeast species metabolized BaP by more than 70%, whereas their viability was not affected. The best results were observed for D. hansenii. When an incubation was performed in the presence of a cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor, no BaP degradation was observed. Thus, the initial oxidation step is mediated by a CYP enzyme. Additionally, this study identified the D. hansenii DhDIT2 gene as essential to perform the initial degradation of BaP. Hence, we propose that D. hansenii and a S. cerevisiae expressing the DhDIT2 gene are suitable candidates to degrade BaP in contaminated environments.
Serum Levels of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) Discriminate Moderate Uncontrolled from Severe Asthma
Authors: Kotsiou Ourania S. , Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Mavrovounis Georgios , Marsitopoulos Konstantinos , Tourlakopoulos Konstantinos , Kirgou Paraskevi , Daniil Zoe , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The most clinically useful concept in asthma is based on the intensity of treatment required to achieve good asthma control. Biomarkers to guide therapy are needed. Aims: To investigate the role of circulating levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor suPAR as a marker for asthma severity. Methods: We recruited patients evaluated at the Asthma Clinic, University of Thessaly, Greece. Asthma severity and control were defined according to the GINA strategy and Asthma Contro Test (ACT). Anthropometrics, spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), suPAR, blood cell count, c-reactive protein (CRP), and analyses of kidney and liver function were obtained. Patients with a history of inflammatory, infectious, or malignant disease or other lung disease, more than 5 pack years of smoking history, or corticosteroid therapy were excluded. Results: We evaluated 74 asthma patients (69% female, mean age 57 ± 17 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 29 ± 6 kg/m2). In total, 24%, 13%, 6%, 5%, 29% and 23% of the participants had mild well-controlled, mild uncontrolled, moderate well-controlled, moderate uncontrolled, severe well-controlled, and severe uncontrolled asthma, respectively. Overall, 67% had T2-high asthma, 26% received biologics (15% and 85% received omalizumab and mepolizumab, respectively), and 34% had persistent airway obstruction. suPAR levels were significantly lower in asthmatics with moderate uncontrolled asthma than in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma without (2.1 ± 0.4 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 ng/mL, p = 0.023) or with biologics (2.1 ± 0.4 vs. 3.6 ± 0.8 ng/mL, p = 0.029). No correlations were found between suPAR levels and age, BMI, T2 biomarkers, CRP, or spirometric parameters. Conclusions: suPAR levels were higher in asthmatics with severe disease than in those with moderate uncontrolled asthma.
Microalbuminuria and Hypertension among Immigrants with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sukhram Shiryn D. , Zarini Gustavo G. , Shaban Lemia H. , Vaccaro Joan A. , Huffman Fatma G.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: This study examined the association of microalbuminuria (MAU), as determined by albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with hypertension (HTN) among Turkish immigrants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) living in deprived neighborhoods of The Hague, Netherlands. Methods: A total of 110 participants, physician-diagnosed with T2D, aged ≥ 30 years were recruited from multiple sources from The Hague, Netherlands in a cross-sectional design. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using automated office blood pressure equipment. Urine albumin was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay. Urine creatinine was determined using the Jaffe method. MAU was defined as ACR ≥ 3.5 mg/mmol for females and/or ACR ≥ 2.5 mg/mmol for males. Results: MAU was present in 21% of Turkish immigrants with T2D. Adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of having MAU were 6.6 times higher in hypertensive than those that were normotensive (p = 0.007; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19, 36.4). Conclusion: These findings suggest that HTN and MAU may be assessed as a standard of care for T2D management for this population. Prospective studies of diabetes outcomes are recommended to further verify these findings.
The Australian Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening Project (Mackenzie’s Mission): Design and Implementation
Authors: Archibald Alison D. , McClaren Belinda J. , Caruana Jade , Tutty Erin , King Emily A. , Halliday Jane L. , Best Stephanie , Kanga-Parabia Anaita , Bennetts Bruce H. , Cliffe Corrina C. , Madelli Evanthia O. , Ho Gladys , Liebelt Jan , Long Janet C. , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Kennedy Jillian , Massie John , Emery Jon D. , McGaughran Julie , Marum Justine E. , Boggs Kirsten , Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Burnett Leslie , Dive Lisa , Freeman Lucinda , Davis Mark R. , Downes Martin J. , Wallis Mathew , Ferrie Monica M. , Pachter Nicholas , Scuffham Paul A. , Casella Rachael , Allcock Richard J. N. , Ong Royston , Edwards Samantha , Righetti Sarah , Lunke Sebastian , Lewis Sharon , Walker Susan P. , Boughtwood Tiffany F. , Hardy Tristan , Newson Ainsley J. , Kirk Edwin P. , Laing Nigel G. , Delatycki Martin B. ,   The Mackenzie’s Mission Study Team
Published: October 2022

Reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) provides people with information about their chance of having children with autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic conditions, enabling informed reproductive decision-making. RGCS is recommended to be offered to all couples during preconception or in early pregnancy. However, cost and a lack of awareness may prevent access. To address this, the Australian Government funded Mackenzie’s Mission—the Australian Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening Project. Mackenzie’s Mission aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of an easily accessible RGCS program, provided free of charge to the participant. In study Phase 1, implementation needs were mapped, and key study elements were developed. In Phase 2, RGCS is being offered by healthcare providers educated by the study team. Reproductive couples who provide consent are screened for over 1200 genes associated with >750 serious, childhood-onset genetic conditions. Those with an increased chance result are provided comprehensive genetic counseling support. Reproductive couples, recruiting healthcare providers, and study team members are also invited to complete surveys and/or interviews. In Phase 3, a mixed-methods analysis will be undertaken to assess the program outcomes, psychosocial implications and implementation considerations alongside an ongoing bioethical analysis and a health economic evaluation. Findings will inform the implementation of an ethically robust RGCS program.
Temporomandibular Disorders as a Risk Factor for Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dibello Vittorio , Panza Francesco , Mori Giorgio , Ballini Andrea , Di Cosola Michele , Lozupone Madia , Dibello Antonio , Santarcangelo Filippo , Vertucci Vincenzo , Dioguardi Mario , Cantore Stefania
Published: October 2022

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of common musculoskeletal dysfunctions that affect the temporomandibular joint or masticatory muscles and related structures or are expressed as a clinical combination of these two factors. The etiology of TMD is multifactorial and features related to anxiety, depression and mental disorders can contribute to the predisposition, onset and progression of TMD. The ability to adapt and develop coping attitudes was reduced in patients presenting with chronic pain, while suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completion) was increased. The objective of this review was therefore to investigate suicidal behavior in relation to TMD. Methods: The review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid, and Google Scholar) were consulted through the use of keywords related to the review topic. The study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022320828). Results: The preliminary systematic search of the literature yielded 267 records. Excluding duplicates, 15 were considered potentially relevant and kept for title and abstract analysis. Only six articles were considered admissible reporting a single exposure factor, TMD and a single outcome, suicidal behavior, although these were evaluated through different assessment tools. We found a low association of TMD with suicidal behavior in observational studies, with estimates partly provided [prevalence ratio (PR) from 1.26 to 1.35, 95% confidence intervals (CI) from 1.15 to 1.19 (lower) and from 1.37 to 1.54 (higher); and odds ratios (OR) from 1.54 to 2.56, 95% CI from 1.014 to 1.157 (lower) and 2.051 to 6.484 (higher)], a relevant sample size (n = 44,645), but a few studies included (n = 6). Conclusions: The results of the included studies showed that the prevalence data of suicidal behavior were more present in young adults with TMD, with a controversial association with gender. Suicidal behavior was also correlated and aggravated by the intensity of pain.
Clinical and Virological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Viral Necrotizing Retinitis
Authors: Fitoussi Léa , Baptiste Amandine , Mainguy Adam , L’Honneur Anne-Sophie , Bojanova Magdalena , Dechartres Agnès , Rozenberg Flore , Bodaghi Bahram , Touhami Sara
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Describe the clinical and virological characteristics of viral necrotizing retinitis (VNR) and assess its prognostic factors. Methods: Retrospective study (Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris) of consecutive VNR patients diagnosed and monitored by qPCR on aqueous humor between 2015 and 2019. All patients received induction therapy with intravenous +/− intravitreal injections (IVI) of antivirals. Results: Forty-one eyes of 37 patients with a mean age of 56 years were included. Involved viruses were VZV (44%), CMV (37%) and HSV2 (19%). Acute retinal necrosis represented 51%, progressive outer retinal necrosis 12% and CMV retinitis 37% of eyes. Forty-six percent of patients were immunocompromised. Median BCVA was 0.7 LogMAR at baseline and 0.8 LogMAR after an average of 14.1 months. VNR bilateralized in 27% of cases after 32 months. Retinal detachment (RD) occurred in 27% of cases after a mean duration of 98 days. Factors associated with a “poor BCVA” at 1 month were: advanced age, low baseline BCVA, high vitritis grade and viral load (VL) at baseline and the “slow responder” status (i.e., VL decrease <50% after 2 weeks of treatment). Factors associated with RD were: advanced age, immunocompetence, low baseline BCVA, high vitritis grade at baseline and use of ≤5 IVIs. Conclusions: Clinical factors including advanced age, immunocompetence, low BCVA and high vitritis grade at baseline were associated with a poor prognosis. New virological factors were predictive of a poor outcome: high baseline VL and the “slow responder” status. Sequential intraocular fluid sampling might help prognosticate the outcomes of VNR.
Association between Early Phase Serum Albumin Levels and Outcomes of Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Heekyung , Lee Juncheol , Shin Hyungoo , Lim Tae-Ho , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Cho Youngsuk , Kim Wonhee , Kim Jae-Guk , Choi Kyu-Sun , Na Min-Kyun , Ahn Chiwon , Kwon Sae-Min
Published: October 2022

We aimed to evaluate early phase serum albumin levels in and outcomes of resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest. Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched until 4 July 2022, for studies on post-cardiac arrest patients and involving measurement of early phase albumin levels and assessment of in-hospital mortality or neurologic outcomes. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. We included 3837 patients from seven observational studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The serum albumin level was significantly higher in survivors than in non-survivors, showing a positive association with an overall standardized mean difference (SMD) [(mean value of non-survivors—mean value of survivors)/pooled standard deviation] of 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.62; I2 = 0%; p < 0.001). Additionally, the serum albumin level was significantly higher in the good neurologic outcome group than in the poor neurologic outcome group (four studies; SMD = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.49–1.52, I2 = 87%; p < 0.001). Relatively low serum albumin levels in the early phase may be associated with in-hospital mortality of resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest. However, we could not evaluate the association between albumin level and neurologic outcome because of limited included studies and unresolved high heterogeneity.
Over 25 Years of Partnering to Conserve Chiricahua Leopard Frogs (Rana chiricahuensis) in Arizona, Combining Ex Situ and In Situ Strategies
Authors: Harris Tara R. , Heuring Whitney L. , Allard Ruth A. , Owens Audrey K. , Hedwall Shaula , Crawford Cat , Akins Christina
Published: October 2022

The Phoenix Zoo has partnered with US Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Game and Fish Department, US Forest Service, and other organizations for more than 25 years to help recover Chiricahua leopard frogs (Rana [=Lithobates] chiricahuensis) in Arizona, USA. This federally threatened species faces declines due to habitat loss and degradation, long-term drought, disease, and invasive species. Over 26,000 larvae, froglets, and adults, as well as 26 egg masses produced by adults held at the Phoenix Zoo have been released to the wild, augmenting and/or re-establishing wild populations. Chiricahua leopard frog-occupied sites in Arizona have increased from 38 in 2007, when the species’ recovery plan was published, to a high of 155 in the last five years, as a result of ex situ and in situ conservation efforts. As one of the longest-running programs of its kind in the United States, communication among partners has been key to sustaining it. Recovery strategies and complex decisions are made as a team and we have worked through numerous management challenges together. Though Chiricahua leopard frogs still face significant threats and a long road to recovery, this program serves as a strong example of the positive effects of conservation partnerships for native wildlife.
Developing a 3D City Digital Twin: Enhancing Walkability through a Green Pedestrian Network (GPN) in the City of Imola, Italy
Authors: Gholami Mansoureh , Torreggiani Daniele , Tassinari Patrizia , Barbaresi Alberto
Published: October 2022

Predominantly, dense historical cities face insufficient pedestrian-level greenery in the urban spaces. The lack of greenery impacts the human thermal comfort on the walking paths, which contributes to a considerable reduction in pedestrian flow rate. This study aims at developing a model to assess pedestrian-level thermal comfort in city environments and then evaluate the feasibility of creating a green pedestrian network (GPN). Imola, as a historical city in Italy with a compact urban pattern, is selected as the case study of this paper. To accomplish this, a three-dimensional digital twin at city scale is developed for the recognition of real-time shade patterns and for designing a GPN in this city. The 3D model of the proposed digital twin is developed in the Rhinoceros platform, and the physiological equivalence temperature (PET) is simulated through EnergyPlus, Honeybee, and Ladybug components in grasshopper. This study provides the city with a digital twin that is capable of examining pedestrian-level thermal comfort for designing a GPN based on real-time PET in the compact urban morphology of Imola. The PET model indicates that during the hottest hour of the 25th of June, pedestrians in open spaces can experience 3 °C more than on narrow shaded streets. The results are validated based on in situ datasets that prove the reliability of the developed digital twin for the GPN. It provides urban planners and policy makers with a precise and useful methodology for simulating the effects of pedestrian-level urban greenery on human thermal comfort and also guarantees the functionality of policies in different urban settings.
Soil Erosion and Deposition Rate Inside an Artificial Reservoir in Central Italy: Bathymetry versus RUSLE and Morphometry
Authors: Bufalini Margherita , Materazzi Marco , Martinello Chiara , Rotigliano Edoardo , Pambianchi Gilberto , Tromboni Michele , Paniccià Marco
Published: October 2022

This study, using different direct and indirect methodologies, evaluated the sedimentation rate in an artificial reservoir in central Italy. This reservoir is regionally representative and was built in the 1960s for hydroelectric purposes; it has experienced a strong decrease in trap efficiency and a loss of over 70% of the stored water volume. Direct measurements of the lake bottom bathymetry, carried out in 2006 and 2015, and 3D reconstructions performed in a GIS environment, made it possible to calculate the volume of filling material and to verify an increasing trend in the sedimentation rate since 2006. The sample reservoir denudation rate was compared with that obtained using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation method to calibrate the fundamental and critical factors of the method itself, and verify the contribution of a hydrological “direct” (through new channels or gullies) or “diffuse” (overland flow) connectivity. Furthermore, the comparison with the results obtained from past studies on ten other artificial regional reservoirs, performed with morphometric analysis, demonstrated a good relationship between soil erosion rate, stream frequency, and contributing area size. The study highlighted how a correct estimate of soil erosion and/or solid transport rates within a hydrographic basin is fundamental for the assessment of the trap efficiency of a reservoir, in a period in which the availability of water resources is becoming more and more vital.
Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Urban Construction Land in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei under Carbon Emission Constraints
Authors: Zhou Xia , Cao Fengyu
Published: October 2022

This paper explores the spatial and temporal variability and changes in characteristics of the economic efficiency of urban construction land (EEUCL) in 14 administrative regions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration from 2002 to 2019, based on the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model and Malmquist index, using carbon emissions as the non-desired output. On this basis, the Tobit model is used to study the role of nine external environmental factors, such as the level of socioeconomic development and industrial structure, in influencing the EEUCL. The results indicate that (1) carbon emissions from urban construction land in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei have all reached their peak, and the growth rate has slowed down significantly in the past two years, although there has been a slight rebound; (2) from the 10th Five-Year Plan period to the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Beijing has maintained a high level of EEUCL and the trend is slowly increasing. However, the EEUCL values of Tianjin and Hebei are gradually declining; (3) the socio-economic development level, industrial structure, and green economy development level have a significant positive impact on the EEUCL in the BTH region, while the urban scale, scientific and technical support intensity, outward opening level and population density have significant negative effects.
Agricultural Production Services, Farm Size and Chemical Fertilizer Use in China’s Maize Production
Authors: Huan Meili , Zhan Shaoguo
Published: October 2022

Although various previous studies have explored the relationship between agricultural service adoption and its economic impact, little is known about how it may affect environmental quality, especially chemical fertilizer application. Our study examines the effects of agricultural production services (APSs) on chemical fertilizer use, as well as the effects mediated by farm size, using a national representative survey data set comprising 1321 farm households from 132 villages in China. We show that farms adopting APSs tend to decrease the usage of chemical fertilizer and, thus, have less deviation from optimal chemical fertilizer application. Farms with large sizes are more likely to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer. Moreover, farm size has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between APS adoption and chemical fertilizer use. In particular, farms adopting APSs are more likely to expand farm size, resulting in chemical fertilizer reduction. Our results suggest that APSs contribute to promoting the scale operation and environmental quality in agriculture.
Comprehensive Land Consolidation as a Tool to Promote Rural Restructuring in China: Theoretical Framework and Case Study
Authors: Yin Qiqi , Zhou Shenglu , Lv Chengxiang , Zhang Yang , Sui Xueyan , Wang Xiaorui
Published: October 2022

In the context of current global rural decline, land consolidation has been adopted with the objectives of promoting rural vitalization and regional sustainable development. In this paper, we provide a theoretical framework for rural restructuring driven by comprehensive land consolidation (CLC). The framework describes three key mechanisms of rural spatial, economic, and social restructuring driven by CLC: improving spatial patterns and functions, vitalizing the collective economy, and reshaping the social community. Based on the theoretical framework, we present a case that exemplifies the micro processes of rural restructuring. Taking spatial restructuring as the material basis and carrier, CLC promotes economic restructuring from traditional agricultural production to modern agricultural production and industrial integration, as well as social restructuring from a traditional rural society to urbanization, communitization, and a society with diversified culture. After CLC, it is very important to further enhance the sustainability of the collective economic development and enhance the cohesion and prosperity of the social community.
Flower Margins: Attractiveness over Time for Different Pollinator Groups
Authors: Brittain Claire , Benke Szabolcs , Pecze Rozalia , Potts Simon G. , Peris-Felipo Francisco Javier , Vasileiadis Vasileios P.
Published: October 2022

Supporting biodiversity in agricultural landscapes is key from both a conservation and ecosystem services perspective. Planting flower margins along crop field edges is one of the most established approaches to try and improve habitat and resources for insect pollinators on farms. Whilst there is growing evidence that these margins can result in increased pollinator abundance and diversity on farms in the short-term, there is little data looking at how these margins perform over longer periods. This study looked at the utilization of pollinator-friendly margins over time in an agricultural landscape in Hungary. ‘Operation Pollinator’ seed mixes with 12 species, were used at 96 farms in Hungary from 2010 to 2018. Insect pollinators were recorded on the sown flower margins and control margins (with naturally occurring vegetation) using walked transects. Repeated sampling of the margins was done over several years so that data was collected on margins from 0 (planted that season) to 7 years old. The abundance of pollinators in the Operation Pollinator flower margins was greater than in control margins for all groups recorded (honey bees, bumble bees, mining bees, trap-nesting bees, hoverflies and Lepidoptera). The biggest relative increase in abundance was in honey bees (768% increase in average abundance in the flower margin compared to the control across all observations), with mining (566%) and bumble bees (414%) showing the next largest increases. The abundance of bumble bees, trap-nesting bees and Lepidoptera in the margins did not vary with the age of the margin. Honey bees, mining bees and hoverflies all decreased in abundance with increasing margin age, as did flower abundance. The results suggest that for some pollinator groups, regardless of age, flower margins provide important resources in the agricultural landscape. However, this is not universally true and for certain pollinator groups, some re-sowing of the margins may be needed to sustain longer-term benefits.