bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular manifestations in patients with autoimmune bullous dermatoses: A hospital-based retrospective study
Authors: Sharma Surinder K. , Sharma Anju Lath , Mahajan Vikram K.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Ocular involvement in autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBD) remains underappreciated.

Objectives:

The objective was to study the prevalence and characteristics of ocular involvement in patients with AIBD.

Methods:

The medical records of 25 patients (males: females 11:14) aged between 27 and 85 years (mean ± standard deviation = 44.9 ± 15.6 years) with AIBD were analyzed retrospectively for clinico-epidemiological attributes and the presence of ocular abnormalities.

Results:

There were 20 (80%) pemphigus patients, of which most were pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n = 14) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n = 6). Other 5 (20%) patients included bullous pemphigoid (BP, n = 4) and cicatricial pemphigoid (CP, n = 1). Seventeen (68%) patients comprising 11 (78.6%) of PV, 3 (50%) of PF, 2 (50%) of BP, and 1 (100%) of CP had 27 ocular abnormalities. Erosions of lid margins (n = 3, 27.3%), blepharitis with meibomitis (n = 1, 9.1%), chalazion (n = 1, 9.1%), and conjunctival vesicles over bulbar conjunctivae (n = 2, 18.2%), conjunctivitis (PV = 5, 45.5%, PF = 1, 33.3%), and symblepharon and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in one (9.1%) patient each, respectively, were major ocular manifestations in pemphigus. Entropion with trichiasis, shallow fornices, and corneal opacities were major abnormalities in patients with BP (n = 2, 100%) and CP (n = 1, 100%).

Conclusion:

Ocular comorbidities vary in prevalence and severity between subtypes of AIBD. These are mainly from complications of ocular surface disease predominantly affecting the anterior segment of the eye. They are more severe in patients with CP compared to others. The study is limited by a single-center, retrospective-study design, a small number of patients in each group for stratification, and long-term follow-up.
Ocular trauma study in rural indian population – clinical features and visual outcomes based on ocular trauma score
Authors: Bhat Ketaki , Gupta Kanav , Khandelwal Rekha
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The study was aimed to assess the clinical features of ocular trauma and to classify and compare mechanical ocular injuries.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was done on 299 patients with ocular injuries from January 2018 to May 2019. We reviewed case record forms for visual acuity (VA) and anterior segment findings. Fundus findings and intraocular pressure values were also noted. When indicated, radiological examinations such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, B-scan, and X-ray orbit were performed. The SPSS 11.0 package was used for data analysis.

Results:

Of the 299 instances in this study, 104 (34.78%) were in the 30–45 age group. The impact on males was 4.8 times greater than that on females. The most frequent cause among the 102 participants (34.11%) was industrial work. Out of 216 cases of closed-globe injuries, more than half, i.e., 113 cases (52.31%), were in zone I.

Conclusion:

Ocular trauma is more common among young males, with industrial work being the most common cause. A unilateral, closed-globe injury was more common compared to bilateral and open injuries. In open-globe injuries, zone II was more commonly affected, while in closed injuries, zone I was more common. Visual impairment was more severe in open-globe injuries. With regard to the prediction of final VA, our results were comparable to the ocular trauma score study, thus affirming its utility.
Blouse-hook injury in breastfeeding children: Canalicular laceration to corneal tear
Authors: Agrawal Mahesh , Agrawal Teena
Published: May 2024

An ocular injury in a kid is very common, especially in <5 years of age, which ranges from eye adnexa to globe injury. In breastfeeding kids, there are chances of eyelid avulsion with involvement of the canaliculus. In our case series, we report two cases of eyelid laceration and one case of corneal tear due to the use of a safety pin as a blouse hook. Our first case of a 2.5-year-old kid presented with multiple laceration of the eyelid and was managed by primary repair due to the unavailability of mini-monoka stent. The second child was managed well by the mini-monoka stent and had given excellent anatomical as well as functional outcome on 6 months of follow-up. Our third case was corneal tear which was managed well with good visual outcome without cataract formation on 6 months of follow-up.
To study visual evoked potential in patients with optic nerve diseases
Authors: Poonia Kavita , Tuli Rajeev , Sharma Gaurav , Bhardwaj Amit
Published: May 2024

Background:

To study Visual Evoked Potential in patients with Optic Nerve diseases. Study design and settings: Cross – Sectional study.

Material and Methods:

72 patients were included in our study, aged 12 years and above, diagnosed as optic nerve diseases like optic neuritis, Nonarteritc ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), hereditary, nutritional and compressive optic neuropathy etc. Flash and Pattern VEPs were used. VEP amplitude and latency were noted.

Results:

Out of total 144 eyes, 107 eyes were affected. Ethambutol induced Toxic optic neuropathy was the most common etiology, followed by secondary optic neuropathy, idiopathic, traumatic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, NAION, compressive and post CRAO (Central Retinal Artery Occlusion) optic neuropathy. Mean latency of all affected eyes was 132±22.5 msec. mean amplitude of the all affected eyes was 6.36±2.1 microvolt. Latency was moderately delayed (110-140 msec) in 45.8%, while severely delayed (>140 msec) in 40.3% of total eyes. Amplitude was reduced in 36.5% of total eyes. Prolonged latency with normal amplitude was found in most of the eyes with optic neuritis while latency was also prolonged in fellow eyes of optic neuritis. In case of NAION prolonged latency and reduced amplitude was found in all eyes.

Conclusion:

Flash or pattern VEP can be used as an important tool for diagnosis of optic neuropathies or revealing of recurrence of disease and for follow up. VEP can also be used to detect subclinical damage in the fellow eyes of optic neuritis and also useful in differentiating the optic neuritis from ischemic optic neuropathy.
Health sciences educator's simulation debriefing practice needs: A mixed methods study
Authors: Nyoni Champion N. , van der Merwe Anke , Botha Benjamin S. , Fourie Cecille , Botma Yvonne , Labuschagne Mathys J. , van Wyk Riaan
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Simulation debriefing influences learning from healthcare simulation activities. Health sciences educators must be competent in conducting simulation debriefing for healthcare students. A structured faculty development intervention for health sciences educators must be informed by educator needs to enhance its utility. This paper describes the needs of health sciences educators regarding simulation debriefing at a faculty of health sciences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A parallel convergent mixed methods study design was applied on a selected population of 30 health sciences educators at the University (x) who integrate immersive simulation for first- to final-year students in their undergraduate programs. The Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing tool underpinned observations which informed the quantitative strand of the study, while semi-structured interviews were conducted as part of the qualitative strand. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

Health sciences educators struggled to establish the learning environment for simulation (median 1), facilitate learning (median 3), and evaluate their debriefing activities. However, they were able to apply an appropriate approach toward simulation (median 4). They identified the need to be educated on the fundamentals of simulation-based education.

CONCLUSION:

A continuing professional development program must be developed aimed at transforming approaches toward facilitating learning, explaining the fundamentals of simulation-based education, modeling of best-practices related to debriefing, and applying appropriate strategies for evaluating debriefing activities.
The effect of comprehensive individual motivational-educational program on medication adherence in elderly patients with bipolar disorders: An experimental study
Authors: Tahghighi Hossein , Mortazavi Hamed , Manteghi Ali Akhondpour , Armat Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

The number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing and medication non-adherence is a major problem that negatively impacts the course of bipolar disorder. This study aimed to determine the effect of a comprehensive individual motivational-educational program on medication adherence in elderly patients with bipolar disorder.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

An experimental study with pretest-posttest repeated measures with a control group was conducted on two groups of 62 elderly people with bipolar disorders hospitalized at Ibn Sina Hospital in Mashhad, Northeast Iran, 2019. For the elderly in the intervention group, a comprehensive motivational-educational program was administered for one month (four 30–45 minute sessions), and for the elderly in the control group, routine clinical care was performed. Medication adherence in both elderly groups was measured before, immediately after, one and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 16) using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, paired t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square tests.

RESULTS:

The mean age of elderlies in the intervention and control groups were 69.03 ± 5.75 and 68.50 ± 6.73 years, respectively. Regardless of the groups to which the patients were assigned, a significant difference in medication adherence scores was observed during the study period (time effect; P < 0.001). Also, the medication adherence score was significantly lower in the intervention group, compared to the control group (group effect; P < 0.001). Also, there was a group time interaction between the medication adherence score and the time of evaluation (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

The results of the present study confirm the positive effect of a comprehensive educational-motivational program on improving medication adherence in elderly patients with bipolar disorder.
The effect of the health belief model education for cervical cancer prevention, screening promotion among rural women in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu (HBMECC)
Authors: Thahirabanuibrahim  , Logaraj Muthunarayanan
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this interventional study is to investigate the efficacy of health belief model-based health education in screening promotion and improving awareness about cervical cancer prevention.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 370 rural married respondents were selected using a multistage random sampling method. To gather information from study participants before and after the six-month intervention period, the standard questionnaire instrument paired with a health belief model and cervical cancer knowledge assessments was employed. This quasi-experimental study incorporated health belief model-based education for 45 minutes, supplemented by audio-visual, flipchart, and interactive sessions, and regular motivation was given once every three days until the call for mass screening camps, which were held every 15 days. The data was imported into Excel and analyzed using SPSS 21. A paired test for pre- and post-intervention significance and a cross-tab test for association was utilized. At the end of the study, the percentage of all women screened was estimated.

RESULTS:

The findings revealed that 37.8% of participants were between the ages of 30 and 40, 32.7% had no formal education, and 42% were housewives. The pre-and post-test mean scores for knowledge about cervical cancer and prevention differed, with a mean value difference of 4 for signs of cervical cancer, 24.32 for risk factors, 1.31 for the cervical cancer screening (Pap) test, 1.07 for vaccination, and 0.48 for attitude toward self-assessment of cervical cancer symptoms and attitude toward screening. By the end of the study, 39% of the women had been screened in a mass screening camp and from outside sources.

CONCLUSION:

The health belief model, therefore, assisted in increasing the required information and addressed the perception regarding screening obstacles, consequently increasing the screening rate, and can thus be implemented as an appropriate strategy for instructing women about cervical cancer screening and prevention.
Perception of medical students towards teaching basic clinical skills in otorhinolaryngology through peer physical examination (PPE)
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Begum Yousuf , Singh Abhishek , Agrawal Deepika
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Medical education is now largely learner centered with self-directed learning. The best method for teaching physical examination skills is difficult to determine. The process by which students examine each other as part of their learning process in anatomy and clinical skills is known as peer physical examination (PPE). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the perceptions of students toward PPE in ear, nose, throat, head, and neck.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among 100 medical students after obtaining ethical approval. In the PPE programme, students participated in a small group of 2–3 students. A self-administered questionnaire was also filled out by students before and after the program, which gathered demographic details and responses to the modified Peer Physical Examination Questionnaire (PPEQ). Significant associations (P < 0.05) were examined using ANOVA analysis.

RESULTS:

In the present study, 81.5% of students have previously conducted examinations on fellow students. Prior to the program, the willingness to be examined (for throat) by a peer was 71.7%, which rose to 95.7% after the program. Most students replied that “I am concerned about being a possible object of sexual interest during PPE.” A univariate analysis showed that age, gender, and residence of students were significantly associated with PPEQ scores (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

In the present study, it was observed that there was a change in the willingness for PPE before and after the programme and also that there was a change in the perception towards PPE following the program.
Using education based on the health belief model to modifications in performance of behaviors related to sexually transmitted infections in vulnerable women
Authors: Golshiri Parastoo , Mohaghegh Negar , Shamsaee Somayeh , Boroumandfar Zahra
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have always been considered as a health problem in the world. Also, vulnerable women (addicts, jail breakers, and prostitutes) are at the highest risk. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) approach, the only effective way to prevent and control this disease is public health education, and high-risk and vulnerable groups should be prioritized in educational programs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of health belief model (HBM)-based education on changing the behaviors related to STIs in vulnerable women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study is an intervention (field trial) study in vulnerable women. Convenience sampling method was used in this study and the sample size was determined to be 84 subjects. Through tossing a coin, the social support center was selected as the intervention group and the drop-in center as the control group. Quantitative data analysis was performed, and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used.

RESULTS:

The mean scores of perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy and changes in performance between the three measurement stages, as well as changes in the scores of perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy over three measurement times were significantly different between the two groups (interaction) (P < 0.001). The mean score of performance 3 months after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The present study confirmed the effectiveness of the HBM in promoting behavioral modifiers that lead to STIs. Therefore, educational interventions with emphasis on understanding the threats, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy and, ultimately, performance improvement in relation to STIs are recommended.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding intellectual property rights among medical, dental, and nursing professionals in a tertiary institution in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Jena Samikshya , Jha Kunal , Singh Arpita
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about intellectual property rights (IPRs) among medical, dental, and nursing students and faculties in a tertiary institute through cross-sectional survey in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from October to December, 2021 in a tertiary institution in Bhubaneswar city, Odisha. A self-structured, 29 close-ended questionnaires based on IPRs was used in the survey. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. All the components of KAP were measured as absolute and relative frequencies. They were also assessed as mean and standard deviation. Descriptive analysis through frequency distribution was calculated and the Chi-square test was applied. The correlation between the domains was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

RESULT:

A total of 489 participants participated in the survey, out of which 196 (40.1%) were males and 293 (59.9%) were females; 177 (36.2%) were interns, 147 (30.1%) were postgraduates, and 165 (33.7%) were faculties from all the three fields (medical, dental, and nursing). A total of 192 (39.3%) participants were from medical, 198 (40.5%) from dental, and 99 (20.2%) were from the nursing field. The mean KAP scores were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher among nursing interns respondents (2.963, 0.637, and 0.390), dental postgraduate respondents (2.213, 0.844, and 0.351), and dental faculties (1.953, 0.876, and 0.481). The mean knowledge score was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater among females than males and the mean attitude and practice scores were significantly (P < 0.0001) greater among males than females. Pearson's correlation coefficientwas found to be significant for knowledge-attitude, knowledge-practice domain. The values obtained were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:

This study showed that more KAP was found in dental faculties, dental postgraduates, and nursing interns. However, the need to know IPR is still lacking among the healthcare professionals. Since IPR is the need of the hour and it has a potential ahead, it is necessary to include it in the curriculum so as to increase the knowledge about IPR among individuals, which will enable to creation of dynamic innovations in the near future.
The dramatic increase in sudden cardiac deaths and the alarming low survival: A global call to action to improve outcome with the engagement of tertiary education system
Authors: Fodale Vincenzo , Angileri Filippo F. , Antonuccio Pietro , Basile Giorgio , Benedetto Filippo , Leonetti Danilo , Micari Antonio , Fodale Michele F.
Published: May 2024

The number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, cause of disability and death, has dramatically increased worldwide, but despite the progress, the incidence of survival does not appear to have increased significantly. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains the principal factor in saving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Analyzing the immense efforts produced by states and professional organizations to train people in CPR skills for immediate intervention in the occurrence of a cardiac arrest, the primary global strategy is centered on CPR education and training for schoolchildren. But the rate of CPR training remains low, with wide differences among communities. The concept of CPR training for schoolchildren to increase bystander CPR rates needs to be implemented. We suggest a global call to action for the tertiary education system for CPR learning and training, including all undergraduate students regardless of the degree course, as a possible method to improve the traditional CPR training today centered on the secondary education system. Extending CPR training courses to the university educational system could significantly increase the number of people educated in life-saving maneuvers. The final objective is to improve the survival rate of patients with out-of-hospital primary cardiac arrest, which has dramatically increased worldwide.
Effectiveness of multimodal intervention for depression, self-esteem, and quality of life among elderly people residing at selected old age homes in Jalandhar, Punjab
Authors: Gupta Rajratan , Omkarappa Dayananda Bittenahalli , Andrade Reema Jacqueline
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Depression is the most common mental disorder among old age people residing at old age homes. It is also associated with many physiological and psychological symptoms along with the impaired quality of life and self-esteem. The multimodal intervention, including physical activity, cognitive training, and social activities, has a positive effect on depression and self-esteem. However, only a few studies were conducted in India setup on the older population residing at old age homes. Hence, this study focused on finding the effectiveness of multimodal intervention for depression, quality of life, and self-esteem among elderly people residing at selected old age homes in Jalandhar, Punjab.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A randomized, controlled trial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 months. An simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 50 subjects to the experimental group and 50 subjects to the control group. Elderly people who are residing at selected old age homes in Jalandhar were selected for the study. The multimodal intervention was administered to the experimental group once weekly eight sessions over eight weeks after the pre-interventional assessment. The data were collected pre-intervention, at one month, three months, and six months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.

RESULTS:

There were no significant differences in demographics between groups at baseline. The mean age of subjects was 64.35 ± 1.32 years in the experimental group and 64.12 ± 1.83 in the control group. The mean duration of stay in old age home was 3.64 ± 1.25 years in the experimental group and 4.05 ± 1.65 in the control group. There were significant multimodal intervention effects on decreasing depression (F = 20.15, P < 0.05, np
2 = 0.092) and increasing self-esteem (F = 84.65, P < 0.001, np
2 = 0.24) and quality of life (F = 62.32, P < 0.001, np
2 = 0.52) over the 6-month interval.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrated that the multimodal intervention was effective in reducing depression among elderly people residing at selected old age homes. It also shows that self-esteem and quality of life improved significantly after intervention.
Desynchronized daily activity rhythms and gender related psychological well-being of Moroccan university students during the quarantine-isolation
Authors: Sabaoui Ikram , Lotfi Said , Zerdani Ilham , Talbi Mohammed
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

The disturbance of students' biological and academic rhythms induced by the Coronavirus generated considerable challenges that had an influence on their psychological well-being. This study aims to highlight the daily rhythm desynchronization and examine the mental health of Moroccan students who were impacted, notably females, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in May 2020 at ten Moroccan faculties including 312 students with an average age of 22 ± 1.70 years old, processed according to a random sampling. A Daily Activities Biorhythm Questionnaire was used to assess the students' daily activities time use and duration, while the PTSD Symptom Scale, Hamilton Scale, Worry Domains Questionnaire, and Visual Analog Mood State Scale were used to assess their mental health. A statistical analysis used both Chi-square and t test to evaluate the relationship between females and males as two independent groups to the studied variables.

RESULTS:

Based on individual gender differences, a significant disruption emerged in the daily time use and duration of activities during home confinement. Besides, females were more likely to experience psychological issues notably anxiety (2.04 ± 0.49), physical tiredness (2.11 ± 0.39), sadness (p <.05), and posttraumatic stress disorder (p <.01). In contrast, there is a strong correlation between males' concern of declining employment (p <.05) and their worry of declining family budgets (2.10 ± 1.39).

CONCLUSIONS:

As an emerging behavior for a new risk factor, the daily activities rhythm of Moroccan university students have been altered and mental health difficulties have appeared due to the quarantine isolation. This might influence their overall academic performance and psychological balance. In this instance, psychological assistance is highly recommended.
Impact of structured training program about Hospital Infection Control practices on Knowledge and Perception of nursing students at public and private nursing teaching institute of Northern India- An interventional study
Authors: Singh Sukhbir , Kaur Kiran , Saini Ravinder Singh , Singh Sunita , Aggarwal Hari Kishan , Chandra Hem
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a primary cause of illness and death and increased expenditure due to prolonged hospitalization and poor prognosis. HAI is a global safety concern, according to World Health Organization (WHO). This study assesses the current level of knowledge and perception regarding hospital infection control practices among nursing students and evaluates the impact of structured training interventions on their baseline knowledge and perception level.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

It was a single group, a pre-post interventional study done on nursing students of one government and one private nursing college in the year 2021. A pretested questionnaire consisting of was used as a study tool. Various statistical tests like one repeated-measure ANOVA, Mauchly's Test of Sphericity, and Greenhouse-Geisser correction were used.

RESULTS:

The mean knowledge was minimum in the pretest group (Mean = 79.4430, SD = 17.49746) and maximum immediately after the training group (Mean = 96.5443, SD = 25.42322). But after one month, knowledge decreased; however, it was more than pre-training Knowledge (Mean = 84.4937, SD = 22.40313).

CONCLUSIONS:

Annual educational/training modules help retain knowledge in hospital infection control practices and HAI prevention. All healthcare workers need regular training.
Comparative impact of yoga and ayurveda practice in insomnia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Verma Kanika , Singh Deepeshwar , Srivastava Alok
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Insomnia is connected with a lifted hazard for neurocognitive dysfunction and psychiatric disarranges. Clinical observations of psychosomatic patients indicate that their distorted somatopsychic functioning necessitates their practice of yoga-like therapy. Sleep and its modifications and management have also been explained well in ayurveda. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Yoga and Nasya Karma on the sleep quality, stress, cognitive function, and quality of life of people suffering from acute insomnia.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

It was an open-label, randomized controlled trial. A total of 120 participants were randomly (computer-generated randomization) equally allocated to three groups, yoga group (G-1), ayurveda group (G-2), and control group (G-3). All the groups were assessed on the first day before the start of the yoga regime and the 48th day. Participants in the study were included in the age group of 18 to 45 years, fulfilling DSM-V criteria for insomnia, physically fit for the yoga module, and Nasya procedure. Outcomes were measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), cognitive failure questionnaire, and WHO Quality of Life Scale-Brief (WHOQOL-Brief). Proportions and frequencies were described for categorical variables and compared using the Chi-square test. ANOVA (one-way) and post hoc analysis, Bonferroni test, were performed for multiple comparisons in groups at a significance level of P < 0.05 using SPSS (23 version).

RESULTS:

A total of 112 participants were analyzed as per protocol analysis. All groups have observed significant mean differences for stress (<0.05) and sleep quality (<0.05). All five aspects of quality of life – general health (<0.05), physical health (<0.01), psychological health (<0.05), social health (<0.05), and environmental health (<0.05) – had a significant mean difference in all three groups. All three aspects of cognitive failure, forgetfulness (<0.05), distractibility (<0.05), and false triggers (<0.01) had a significant mean difference in scores for all three groups.

CONCLUSION:

Yoga practice was effective, followed by ayurveda and the control group in reducing stress and improving sleep, cognitive function, and quality of life.
Lifestyle and preventive behaviors among adults during the early phase of the COVID-19 movement control order (MCO) in Malaysia
Authors: Ithnain Norbaidurah , Kassim Rosnani , Musa Khairul A. , Amirudin Nadia , Suhaimi Saiful A. , Kaundan Manimaran K. , Panting Albeny J.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Enforcement of the movement control order (MCO) in Malaysia caused by COVID-19 impacted people's health, social, behaviors, and economic consequences. Thus, this study aims to identify adults' lifestyle and preventive behaviors during the MCO's early phase.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was conducted in April 2020 using a convenience sampling technique. A total of 9987 adults aged 18 years and above from all over Malaysia participated in the study. The questionnaire was distributed through online platforms, such as Facebook, Telegram, WhatsApp, and the official website. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to describe the categorical data and the independent T-test and one-way ANOVA tests were performed to compare continuous variables between two or more groups. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05.

RESULTS:

Selangor showed the highest participation (28.4%) and most of the respondents were females (68.2%), married (67.8%), and aged between 36 and 45 years old (34.1%). This study found that 10.3% were smokers, and 46.7% of the smokers intended to quit smoking. Most respondents took their three main meals daily (72.4%), but not even half completed daily food groups (45.1%). The frequent activities were internet surfing (18.8%) and house chores (18.2%). Almost 98% of the respondents agreed to implement preventive behaviors. This study also revealed that attitudes toward preventive behaviors significantly differed across genders, age groups, categories of marital status, and monthly income categories (P < .05). Furthermore, regarding readiness for behavior change after MCO end, only gender shows a significance difference (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:

This study shed light on understanding public behavior during the early phase of the pandemic that may significantly impact public health in designing relevant regulations and policies to reduce the spread of COVID-19 infections and preparing strategies for future outbreaks or pandemics. As COVID-19 evolves, continuous efforts to promote positive behavioral changes in lifestyle and preventive behavior are needed to ensure the public practices a healthy lifestyle and complies with pandemic preventive measures.
Psychosocial distress, perceived social support, and coping in women survivors of domestic violence seeking help from a women's helpline in urban India
Authors: Jyothsna K. A. , Shetty Kannappa V. , Kumar Sanjeev , Baruah Upasana , Jyothi H. P , Amritha K. S. , Sachetha G. M.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Domestic violence against women is a worldwide phenomenon and a major public health concern. The adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the women survivors of domestic violence are influenced by various psychosocial factors. This study aimed to understand psychological distress, perceived social support, and coping strategies among women survivors of domestic violence and its implications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 30 women survivors of domestic violence from urban Bengaluru who were registered with a women's helpline. Data were collected using a socio-demographic schedule, a self-reporting questionnaire assessing psychological distress, perceived social support scale, and ways of coping scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

Psychological distress was the highest among participants facing violence due to perpetrator using alcohol (M = 11.6, SD = 3.9) and (M = 11.73, SD = 3.5) dowry harassment. Perceived social support from family (M = 14.76, SD = 4.54) and friends (M = 11.85, SD = 4.7) was the highest among participants who reported that alcohol use was not a reason for violence.

CONCLUSION:

It can be noticed that alcohol use, dowry harassment, and poor coping strategies were the main reasons for domestic violence, which has led to severe psychosocial distress among the women survivors.
Investigating the relationship between religious orientation and spiritual intelligence with general health dimensions in women with breast cancer
Authors: Noroozi Mahnaz , Mohebbi-Dehnavi Zahra
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of death among women. Religion and spiritual behaviors are effective strategies for maintaining human health. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation and spiritual intelligence with general health dimensions in women with breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study is a correlational study that was performed on 50 women with breast cancer referred to medical centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Data were collected through questionnaires of religious orientation, spiritual intelligence, and general health. Data were analyzed by Spearman and regression tests.

RESULTS:

The results showed that religious orientation had a significant positive relationship with the overall score of general health, but the components of religious orientation had a significant negative relationship with the number of components of public health (p < 0.05). Spiritual intelligence also had a significant positive relationship with general health. However, the number of components of spiritual intelligence has a significant negative relationship with the number of components of general health (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Considering the relationship between religious orientation and spiritual intelligence with public health and considering educational programs based on spiritual intelligence and religious orientation in this group of people can be an important step in promoting their general health.
Isfahan general dentist's awareness, attitude, and performance regarding prescription of new caries prevention materials containing calcium and fluoride components
Authors: Nilchian Firouzeh , Ataie Zahra , Azadi Sakineh
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Fluoride Ion can cause remineralization of primary caries lesions in the presence of calcium and phosphate. New compounds of calcium-containing casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), make the remineralization more effective. This research has been done to evaluate the awareness, attitude, and performance of Isfahan general dentists regarding the prescription of new caries prevention materials containing calcium and fluoride components.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional-descriptive-analytic study has been conducted on 152 general dentists in Isfahan ensuring confidentiality of information and obtaining informed consent. Isfahan general dental offices and clinics were selected using a simple random method. Data of this research were collected using a questionnaire from previous studies. The questions were divided into four sections, including demographic information, awareness, attitude, and performance towards products containing calcium and fluoride prescription. The significance level of P was considered 0.05. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, T statistical test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS:

The mean score for dentists awareness was 46.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 15.4), the mean score of attitude was 91.4 (SD = 26.1) and the Mean Score of performance was 54.3 (SD = 27.3) (the scores range from 0 to 100). According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, there was no significant relationship between dentists' awareness, attitude besides performance, and their ages together with dentistry work experiences (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

According to the study results, dentists' awareness of compounds containing CPP-ACP is overall average. However, attending to their positive attitudes toward this context, providing appropriate training programs seem to stimulate them for optimum cooperation as well as using these products for patients.
Elements of the educational policy model in schools (a systematic review)
Authors: Sarghini Azar , Talebi Behnam , Hoseinzade Omidali
Published: May 2024

Educational policymaking is a kind of public policy that is done in order to achieve the goals of the educational system in fields areas such as education and students' health. The purpose of this study was to determine the components of educational policymaking model in education. The method of the present study is systematic review. This is done using the SPIDER framework. The statistical population of the study included all related Persian and English articles published in the years 2010–2021 consisting of 98 articles that are indexed in ScienceDirect, Sage, Springer, Wiley, Eric, and PMC English language databases and SID, Irandoc, and Magiran Persian language databases. The research sample included 52 articles selected in the article screening stage. The number of Persian language references was 12 and English language references was 40. Sterberg thematic analysis was used for coding the selected texts of articles. Results of coding the selected texts of the articles showed that the components of the educational policymaking model are included in 11 themes: quiddity of policy and public policy, educational policy's necessity, quiddity of educational policy, process of educational policy, consequences, factors, obstacles, stakeholders, evaluation criteria, and change in educational policies. Paying attention to all the dimensions and factors interacting in educational policy can lead to better education and improve the quality of education in all dimensions, especially in the field of health education.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of a CPOE system in a cancer care setting: A case study on the gastric cancer patients
Authors: Afrash Mohammad Reza , Kianersi Shirin , Bahadori Mohammadkarim
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Chemotherapy is a complex, multi-disciplinary, and error-prone process. Information technology is being increasingly used in different health care settings with complex work procedures such as cancer care to enhance the quality and safety of care. In this study, we aimed to develop a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) for chemotherapy prescribing in patients with gastric cancer and to evaluate the impact of CPOE on medication errors and order problems.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A multi-disciplinary team consisting of a chemotherapy council group and system design and implementation team was formed for chemotherapy process evaluation, requirement analysis, developing computer-based protocols, and implementation of CPOE. A before and after study was conducted to evaluate the impact of CPOE on the chemotherapy process and medication errors and problem orders. To evaluate the level of end-user satisfaction, an ISO Norm 9241/110 usability questionnaire was chosen for the evaluation.

RESULTS:

Before the implementation of the CPOE system, 37 medication errors (46.25%) and 53 problem orders (66.25%) were recorded for 80 paper-based chemotherapy prescriptions. After implementation of the CPOE system, 7 (8.7%) medication errors and 6 (7.5%) problem orders were recorded for 80 CPOE prescriptions. The implementation of CPOE reduced the medication error by 37.55% and the problematic order by 58.75%. The results for usability evaluation indicate that the CPOE was within the first class of the ISONORM level rating; this shows that a CPOE is with very high satisfaction and a very high functionality rate.

CONCLUSION:

Developing a CPOE system significantly improved safety and quality of the chemotherapy process in cancer care settings by reducing the medication error, deleting unnecessary steps, improving communication and coordination between providers, and use of updated evidence-based medicine in direct chemotherapy orders. However, the CPOE system does not prevent all medication errors and may cause new errors. These errors can be human-related factors or associated with the design and implementation of the systems.
Development and validation of breastfeeding and dietary education package for women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shuhaimi Farhanah Ahmad , Abdul Hamid Syahrul Bariah , Md Yazid Nurul Ainfarhanah
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Recent findings show that a longer breastfeeding duration and proper dietary management could lower the risk of postnatal diabetes. An excellent and interactive education module on breastfeeding and diet may effectively improve breastfeeding practices and dietary knowledge among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, this study delves into developing and validating the content of Breastfeeding and Dietary Education Package (BFDEP) for women with GDM.

METHOD:

The development of the module involved three phases: need assessment, module development, and validation. Six experts deployed a content validity index (CVI) to evaluate three areas of the module, including objectives, structure or presentation, and relevance. Sixteen women with GDM were involved in the face validation process by assessing the “literacy presentation,” “illustrations,” “material is sufficiently specific,” and “quality of information.”

RESULTS:

Generally, I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave, and S-CVI/UA of the objectives, structure or presentation, and relevance revealed an excellent level of content validity. No alteration was needed for the domains of objective and relevance (S-CVI/Ave: 1.0, S-CVI/UA: 1.0). However, a minor revision was required in the structure or presentation domain (S-CVI/Ave: 0.98, S-CVI/UA: 0.90). The experts also thought that some module pages were wordy, and a change of font color was needed. The module was thus modified accordingly. For face validation, “literacy presentation” and “material is sufficiently specific” had a 99% positive response, while “illustrations” and “quality of information” had 100% positive feedback.

CONCLUSION:

A BFDEP with excellent content validity was developed and can be implemented to improve breastfeeding practices and dietary knowledge among women with GDM.
The live experience of coronavirus disease with emphasis on its psychological effects and consequences
Authors: Omidian Morteza , Rahmati Amin , Sepehrtaj Seyedeh Samaneh
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to investigate the living experience of coronary patients in Shiraz and the peak prevalence of the second stage in summer. This study could further examine these experiences in broader groups in subsequent studies. Identifying the psychological causes and effects of this disease with the help of patients involved in some countries has been considered.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The method, which was used in this study, was a qualitative method and content analysis. Participants in this study were 13 patients with COVID-19, some of whom were members of the medical staff. The participants were selected purposefully. The semi-organized interview with the participants continued until the theoretical saturation was reached.

RESULTS:

After extracting the codes, researchers classify them, and then the results were examined in more depth and categorized. About 120 extracted codes were classified into seven general categories; three of them were directly related to psychological issues. The other four of them were related to the subject of psychological effects and consequences.

CONCLUSION:

In general, during the interview process, it was proved that the more severe the symptoms of the disease, the psychological experiences of confronting the disease because of its outbreak, and the processes of coping with it were deeper.
The experience of Saudi respiratory therapists dealing with COVID-19 patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Al Nufaiei Ziyad F. , Alluhibi Reem H. , Almoshaigeh Sama N. , Alzahrani Raghad M. , Baaqeel Wed O. , Al Zhranei Raid M. , Al-Shareef Ali S. , Zipp Genevieve P.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Healthcare professionals have fought hard to restrain the COVID-19 pandemic by providing high-quality care for their infected patients, but in doing so they have developed fears of becoming sick and feelings of isolation and loneliness. The lived experience of respiratory therapists (RTs) in Saudi Arabia who works with these infected patients needs further investigation. The study sought to describe the experiences and coping strategies of Saudi RT managing patients with COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study utilized qualitative research methods, specifically employing a phenomenological research design. A total of 25 Saudi RT (RTs) who were in direct contact with COVID-19 patients were selected after they agreed to participate in this study. The study followed a one-on-one semi-structured interview process using the Zoom platform. This qualitative data collection technique focuses on the participants' lived experiences and feelings to discover shared patterns. The data were analyzed via an inductive approach.

RESULTS:

Six themes were found in the RT perceptions including stress while treating COVID patients, managing the fear of catching of Covid 19, feelings towards COVID-19 patients, challenges faced by female RTs, workplace experiences, and excessive workload.

CONCLUSIONS:

RTs feelings dramatically changed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. All the RTs have developed a self-copying style that has helped them improve their psychosocial behavior to face the pandemic. During the outbreak, frontline RTs' positive and negative emotions intertwined and coexisted. Negative emotions predominated in the beginning, while good feelings emerged gradually. Self-coping methods and psychosocial development were significant factors in RTs mental health while caring for COVID-19 patients.