bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counterfactual floods: What if the storm track would have taken a different path?
Authors: Merz Bruno , Nguyen Viet Dung , Björn Guse , Han Li , Guan Xiaoxiang , Rakovec Oldrich , Samaniego Luis , Ahrens Bodo , Vorogushyn Sergiy
Published: March 2024

When a flood disaster occurs, there is an opportunity for affected individuals and decision-makers to learn from the experience. However, this learning tends to be narrowly focused on the specific event, missing the chance to discuss and prepare for even more severe or different events. For instance, regions that have been spared from havoc might feel safe and underestimate the risk. We suggest spatial counterfactual floods to encourage society to engage in discussions about exceptional events and appropriate risk management strategies. We create a series of floods across Germany by spatially shifting the rainfall fields of the 10 most expensive floods, arguing that past storm tracks could have occurred several tens of kilometers away from their actual paths. The set of spatial counterfactual floods generated includes events that are more than twice as severe as the most devastating flood in Germany since 1950. Our approach obtains peak flows that exceed the current flood-of-record at more than 70% of the gauges (369 out of 516). Spatial counterfactuals are proposed as an easy-to-understand approach to overcome society's unwillingness to consider and prepare for exceptional floods, which are expected to occur more frequently in a warmer world.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics in an urbanized tropical watershed, Kuala Lumpur area, Malaysia
Authors: Suzuki Taiga , Tsujimura Maki , Saito Mariko , Torimaru Sumire
Published: March 2024

There is not enough data on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater-surface water interaction in the urbanized tropical watersheds. Tropical regions are generally characterized by high annual precipitation and groundwater recharge. Especially the coastal cities of southeastern Asia have larger hydraulic gradient and subsurface water flux due to high topographical gradient in the elevation recharge area. We focus on an urbanized coastal watersheds, Langat River and Klang River watersheds, Kuala Lumpur area, capital city, Malaysia and investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of river water and subsurface water with the multi-tracer methods using inorganic dissolved constituents and stable isotope ratios.    The SiO2 concentrations and (Na+K)/(Ca+Mg) ratio of river water decreases from upstream to midstream in Langat River. The decrease seems to be caused by geological setting, granite in the upper reaches and schist in the middle reaches. The stable isotope ratios (δ18O & δ2H) of the river water are plotted along with the local meteoric water line, and tend to be enriched toward to downstream. In the upstream area, hot springs are distributed along the faults and rivers. They showed Na-HCO3 type quality and much higher SiO2 concentrations than that of river water. There are wetland and lake in the midstream, and they show a significant depletion of d-excess value, suggesting an evaporation from the water surface of lakes and wetland. Na+, Cl- concentrations and stable isotope ratios increase in downstream of Langar River, suggesting seawater intrusion. On the other hand, stable isotope ratios and inorganic dissolved constituents decrease in the downstream of Klang River. This would be caused by the process that deep groundwater with depleted isotopic ratios discharges to the stream.
How much, how deposited, how old – what can we learn from sediments in Pine Island Bay?
Authors: Larter Robert , Hogan Kelly , Graham Alastair , Nitsche Frank , Wellner Julia , Hillenbrand Claus-Dieter , Totten Rebecca , Smith James , Miller Lauren , Anderson John , Mawbey Elaine , Clark Rachel , Hopkins Rebecca , Lehrmann Asmara , Lepp Allison , Marschalek James , Munevar Garcia Santiago , Taylor Laura
Published: March 2024

A number of studies have defined a boundary in the Amundsen Sea embayment between an inner continental shelf, which contains areas where crystalline bedrock is at or near the seabed, and the shelf further offshore, which is underlain by sedimentary strata that increase in overall thickness oceanward. Other studies have shown that much of the inner shelf in Pine Island Bay is covered by a drape of sandy mud averaging about 1 m in thickness, interpreted as having been deposited from meltwater plumes during the mid-late Holocene. Much thicker sediments have been shown to be present in isolated deep basins based on acoustic sub-bottom profiles and sparse seismic reflection profiles, including an estimated maximum thickness of >400 m in one basin close to the front of Pine Island Glacier.  Thus, the widespread impression exists that, apart from the thin Holocene drape, sedimentary cover in Pine Island Bay is restricted to isolated basins.Here we examine the distribution and thickness of sediments in Pine Island Bay using a network of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles collected in 2020 on RV Nathaniel B Palmer cruise NBP20-02. We show that more extensive thick sediments are present near the front of Pine Island Glacier than have been reported previously. In some places sediment units exhibit characteristics that suggest their deposition was influenced by bottom currents. We also show that sedimentary deposits are present over the tops and on the flanks of some bathymetric highs that must have been former ice shelf pinning points. Finally, we consider what the extent, thickness and character of the sedimentary units identified tell us about glacial/glacimarine processes and ice sheet history in the area, and what could be learned by further study and sampling.
In situ Lu-Hf dating of garnet and apatite as a means to understand fluid processes
Authors: Cutts Kathryn , Szentpeteri Krisztian , Karvinen Seppo , Glorie Stijn , Käpyaho Asko , O'Brien Hugh
Published: March 2024

Understanding fluid processes is crucial for understanding the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of rocks, as well as mineral transport and deposition. Targeted in situ geochronology of minerals which have interacted with fluids allow us to investigate the temporal evolution of these fluid systems. Combined with trace element analysis or stable isotope analysis it is possible to gain insight into the nature of source of mineralising fluids. These results contribute to modelling and understanding of mineral systems which can be used for targeting mineral deposits.Early results of this work are presented based on situ Lu-Hf geochronology applied to garnet and apatite associated with a variety of mineral deposits from Finland. The mineral deposits are hosted in rocks are variable age (Archean to Proterozoic) and all were affected by the Svecofennian orogeny (1.92-1.78 Ga) causing deformation, metamorphism and/or remobilisation.The Siilinjärvi P deposit hosted in a 2.61 Ga carbonatite (Karhu et al., 2001) presents apatite ages ranging from 2050 to 2260 Ma and calcite ages of 1800 to 1920 Ma indicating potentially several phases of fluid remobilisation which may be prior to or during the Svecofennian orogeny.The Kiviniemi Sc deposit is hosted in a garnet bearing ferrodiorite (1857 ± 2 Ma, U-Pb zircon; Halkoaho et al 2020). In situ Lu-Hf analysis of garnet produces an age of 1824 ± 18 Ma and for apatite an age of 1835 ± 19 Ma.Garnet and apatite geochronology has also been applied to Li bearing pegmatites in the Somera-Tammela pegmatite province in Southern Finland. Garnet gave an age of 1801 ± 53 Ma and apatite gives 1835 ± 26 Ma. A second sample produced a nearly identical apatite age of 1835 ± 15 Ma.Two garnets were sampled from inferred Archean deposits, the Sotkamo silver Mine is hosted in the Tipasjärvi Greenstone Belt and the Hosko gold deposit hosted in the Ilomantsi Greenstone Belt. In Sotkamo garnet from a quartz vein hosting base metal mineralisation produced a Lu-Hf age of 1870 ± 27 Ma. Two garnet samples were dated from the Hosko gold deposit, in mineralised sediments, garnet associated with vein quartz produced an age of 1837 ± 4 Ma. A granitic vein cross-cutting the ore hosting sediments gave an age of 2620 ± 7 Ma, although this sample clearly recorded a resetting event with younger ages obtained from the rim.Despite only have the age results so far, it is clear that the Svecofennian orogeny had a strong impact on mineral systems, reworking of deposits thought to be Archean. Halkoaho, T., Ahven, M., Rämö, O.T., Hokka, J., Huhma, H., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00952-2Karhu, J.A., Mänttäri, I., Huhma, H., 2001. Radiometric ages and isotope systematic of some Finnish carbonatites. University Oulu, Res. Terrea, Ser. A. No. 19.8.
Creeping Pütürge Segment with Geodetic Evidence
Authors: Özarpacı Seda , Hofstetter Celeste , Funning Gareth , Dogan Ugur , Ergintav Semih , Çakır Ziyadin , Zabcı Cengiz , Özdemir Alpay , Ayruk Efe Turan , Farımaz İlay
Published: March 2024

On January 24, 2020 the Mw 6.8 Sivrice (Elazığ) earthquake was arrested by the ~80 km long Pütürge segment. On February 6, 2023, the first earthquake of the Kahramanmaras Earthquake Sequence, also ended at the southwest end of this segment. Is it creep also that arrest 2023 Pazarcik rupture? We analyzed InSAR data over the Pütürge segment to answer this question. We used over 5000 ARIA standard product interferograms from two ascending and two descending tracks of the Sentinel-1 satellites and the MintPy software to produce InSAR time series and velocity maps for the area. Also we processed both survey and continuous GNSS data with GAMIT/GLOBK GNSS software (v10.7) from 2014. We analysed the results in three time periods – before, between, and after the two earthquakes. InSAR shows that before both earthquakes the segment was creeping and GNSS data is confirming that outcome. We also are searching for any unbroken part of this segment and if this could be another danger in the future.This work is supported by TUBITAK project numbers 114Y250, 118Y435 and 121Y400.
Quantifying of the ten-year variation in surface velocity of the Svalbard Archipelago glaciers using SAR data
Authors: Milczarek Wojciech , Kopeć Anna , Tymplaski Michał , Sompolski Marek
Published: March 2024

Dynamic climate changes are especially noticeable in polar regions, where glaciers are retreating landward at an increased rate. This study emphasizes the application of the feature tracking method for analyzing the ice flow velocity across the entire Svalbard archipelago from 2015 to 2024. We conducted our analysis using the Geogrid and autoRIFT platforms, complemented by Sentinel-1 imagery. To validate our ice velocity products, we employed the Glacier Feature Tracking (GLAFT) aproach. Our analysis culminated in the development of an extensive glacier repository for the archipelago, which includes velocity data spanning the study period. These results facilitated the identification of glaciers demonstrating surging behavior. Additionally, the study introduces a novel approach to analyzing glacier flow velocities, focusing on their acceleration characteristics.
First paleosecular variation intensity curve for the las 4k years for Central Asia 
Authors: Bonilla Alba Raquel , Gómez-Paccard Miriam , Pavón-Carrasco F. Javier , Beamud Elisabet , Campuzano Saioa Arquero , Martinez-Ferreras Verónica , Gurt-Esparraguera José María , Osete María Luisa
Published: March 2024

Thanks to recent archaeomagnetic studies, it has been observed that the intensity of the magnetic field undergoes abrupt variations in different eras and regions of the planet. In particular, the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA), first observed in Israel, has been studied. This phenomenon is characterised by reaching exceptionally high levels of intensity in a short period of time, followed by a rapid decline. Despite the importance of this anomaly, the geographical limit of the LIAA to the east is poorly constrained, with very few studies from Central Asia. The aim of this work is twofold: first, to provide the first high-quality archaeointensity data for the 2nd millennium BC in Central Asia. For this propose, 76 potteries sherds, collected from three different archaeological sites in Uzbekistan date between 2000 and 300 BC, were analysed by Thellier-Thellier method. The second objective is to present a first paleosecular variation (PSV) intensity curve for the last 4000 years, which allows a detailed understanding of the magnetic intensity behaviour in Central Asia. This work not only deepens our understanding of the LIAA and its magnetic implications, but also contributes to the global understanding of variations in the Earth's magnetic field over time.
Ten-year air masses contribution study and potential source of specific components in Paris
Authors: Fu Hao , Té Yao , Janssen Christof , Jeseck Pascal , Boursier Corinne , Marie-Jeanne Patrick , Rouille Christian
Published: March 2024

The European megacity of Paris with 11 million habitants provides a unique research platform for atmospheric science. Since 2011, our group has continuously operated a high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTS-Paris) for the study of atmospheric composition above Paris. The measurements cover alternatively the near-infrared spectral domain related to the TCCON[1] network (since 2014) and the thermal infrared related to NDACC-IRWG[2] network. So far, there has been limited research into the origins of air masses over Paris. However, understanding the dynamics of the air masses over Paris is crucial for comprehending and studying the city’s atmospheric composition. Consequently, we have studied the seasonal variability of the air mass passing through Paris in the period 2011 to 2020 by using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (Hysplit) model. Furthermore, we combined our NDACC-IRWG measurement data with simulated trajectories from Hysplit to investigate the characteristics of the potential source of the specific trace gases by applying Weighted Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF). The results illustrated that the air masses above Paris were predominantly contributed from the west the north, while the eastern sector, despite its minor contribution, emerged as a significant source of the specific trace gases from the WPSCF results.
[1] Total Carbon Column Observation Network

[2]Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change – Infrared Working Group
Network of extremes in ocean eddy-resolving climate models
Authors: Ferri Emma , Gruber Nicolas , Münnich Matthias , Putrasahan Dian
Published: March 2024

Marine extreme events, such as marine heatwaves, have a disproportional impact on marine organisms and ecosystems, shaping many of their characteristics. Even though such extremes have become the focus of much research in the last few years, our understanding of the processes that give rise to extreme conditions is still relatively poor. Mesoscale processes have been shown to structure and shape extremes, but also not much is known about their role. Here we use graph theory to detect the correlation between extreme marine events and distant occurrences of atmospheric extremes in the context of mesoscale variability. The data stem from a set of mesoscale resolution model simulation results obtained from the European Eddy RIch Earth System Models (EERIE) project. Common statistical tests such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Granger causality will be used to build the graph object. This will permit us to build a network of different oceanographic and atmospheric variables in an attempt to detect teleconnections, such as, for example, the impact of El Niño, on the onset, persistence, and demise of extremes. Our initial networks correlate various variables, such as precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST), eddy kinetic energy and SST, and global SST variations.
pySWAP: Python wrapper for SWAP hydrological model
Authors: Zawadzki Mateusz
Published: March 2024

The Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model has been continuously developed since 1974 and has gained a community of users. The need for clearer and more reproducible model development and interpretation drove the development of wrapper packages in R, such as SWAPTools and RSWAP. Due to the steady increase in the community of Python users, it became important to provide similar interface tools written in Python. This work introduces the pySWAP Python package, developed as a wrapper for the SWAP model.A key feature of pySWAP is its user-friendly, object-oriented design. Users provide the essential model setup, for example, in the form of a Jupyter notebook, and the package creates the input files while preemptively checking for errors. This ensures a smooth setup and execution process, significantly reducing common user errors and streamlining the model setup. This is especially beneficial for those new to SWAP, who can easily access documentation through their Integrated Development Environments (IDEs). The package also runs the model, captures the results, and provides tools for simple data visualization.pySWAP also aims to optimize work with multiple scenarios and the parameter estimation process. This is achieved through the integration of a SQLite database, which stores data from intermediate simulations. This method not only reduces file storage requirements but also enhances the efficiency of data retrieval and manipulation during and after simulation runs. The use of open-source SQLite is also beneficial for sharing models between users, as it can efficiently store input and output data of multiple models in a single file, accessible on all operating systems. Furthermore, we are in the process of developing a Dockerized version of PySWAP, which may further improve collaboration on models and allow users to effortlessly deploy and execute simulations developed on local machines on supercomputers.As a proof-of-concept, we use pySWAP in the Grow project to develop a SWAP model for a pilot site in Kinrooi, East Belgium, where treated wastewater is reused through a subirrigation system.
Lava flow monitoring from EO microwave imageries
Authors: Bignami Christian , Ferrentino Emanuele , Beccaro Lisa , Polcari Marco
Published: March 2024

In this study, microwave satellite images, and in particular Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), are used to detect volcanic lava flow. We propose methods that exploit both single and dual polarization channels to map the deposits that occurred in three case studies: the Etna Volcano (Italy) 2007-2008 eruption and the Sangay Volcano (Ecuador) eruption that took place in December 2021.The objective of the work is to analyse the different information carried out by single and dual polarization data, in different volcanic environments, aiming to identify the most suitable solution for each setting.For the Etna case study, we applied two change detection methods. The first one exploits the normalised difference and is used on a pair single polarization (SP) image captured by ENVISAT mission. The second method relies on the dual polarization (DP) data acquired by ALOS-PALSAR satellite. The latter is based on the covariance matrix derived from DP images, and the normalized difference of pre and post-event matrices.As far as the Sangay case study, the results are undertaken over a pair of images collected by the C-band Sentinel-1 DP SAR sensor. The outputs are then analyzed to detect the different phenomena (i.e., lava flow, pyroclastic currents, landslides), that occurred over the scene.The work demonstrates the complementary evidence provided by the co- and cross-polarized channels, suggesting the combination of them to obtain additional and more accurate information.This activity is part of a INGV funded project, SAFARI - an AI-based StrAtegy For volcano hAzaRd monItoring from space, a research project that aims at developing a comprehensive space-based strategy for the near-real-time characterization of volcanic state of activity, based on the extraction of satellite-derived input parameters to physical models for rapid scenario forecasting during the eruptive phases.
Towards nation-wide individual tree carbon sink and biodiversity mapping utilizing high performance computing
Authors: Puttonen Eetu , Hyyppä Juha , Hyyppä Matti , Yu Xiaowei , Virtanen Juho-Pekka , Campos Mariana , Kivimäki Arttu , Wang Yunsheng
Published: March 2024

There exists an urgent need towards forest value chain optimization on societal level. Effective policy making is required to reduce effects of global climate change and or to improve yields in forestry. Unfortunately, these two ecosystem services are competing and even conflicting with each other. To succeed in their joint optimization, precise carbon intake and water balance estimates in different biomes are crucial and require new tools for the task.Forest data are typically collected with forest inventories. These inventories provide the fundamental information for all decision-making in society and industry that are relevant to human interventions, including harvest planning. Nordic countries have long performed forest inventories on a national level to estimate the country-wide forest averages with area-based inventories (ABA) and at stand level relying on airborne laser scanning (ALS). Current ABA techniques are limited in their spatial resolution and can be improved by focusing on individual tree level. Individual tree level mapping allows to focus not only on the wood material volumes, but also to their quality and health. Computation of this information, especially over wide geographic areas, is a significant computational and data management challenge and requires high-performance computing.Our goal is to develop the missing mapping technology and demonstrate this in Finland where we will automatically count and characterize all five billion dominant and co-dominant forest trees. We will do this by merging already existing laser scanning technologies on different scales, by developing novel methods as needed, and finally implementing them in the EuroHPC LUMI supercomputer. Each tree will be individually segmented and imputed with wood quality information. All trees and their parameters are collected into the “Metsäkanta” database for interactive mapping and Digital Twinning applications.We will further enhance the database by computing the CO2 sink potential for each detected tree. The CO2 sink potential is modelled from dense spatiotemporal in-situ laser scanning references collected from individual trees. The results are then imputed to all trees. The outcome of these efforts will be a Digital Forest Replicate (DFR) at individual tree level. The DFR combines the information of individual tree wood quality, growth potential, and near real-time carbon sink reporting. This allows improved country-level carbon stock estimates.
Preparatory experiments to investigate the vesicle formation of hydrous lower Laacher See phonolite at near liquidus conditions
Authors: Hummel Frederic , Marks Patricia Louisa , Nowak Marcus
Published: March 2024

The Laacher See volcano in the Eifel region of western Germany caused one of the largest eruptions in Central Europe within the last 100,000 years. The Plinian eruptions lasted days to weeks and ejected about 6.3 km³ phonolitic magma. The ascent and subsequent discharge of magma is greatly influenced by the amount of dissolved H2O. During the magma ascent the solubility of H2O in the melt decreases while simultaneously the supersaturation of the melt increases. This is the prerequisite for phase separation, which leads to the formation of volatile bubbles.A set of high temperature decompression experiments with hydrous lower Laacher See phonolite (LLST) has recently been conducted at high temperature superliquidus conditions of 1323 K and starting pressure of 200 MPa showing spontaneous phase separation (Marks and Nowak 2024) at a final pressure of 80 MPa. In order to investigate the temperature dependence of vesicle formation, preparatory phase relation experiments were conducted in the cold seal pressure vessel at low temperature near liquidus conditions. Synthetic glass cylinders of the LLST composition were hydrated for 11 days with excess H2O at 1123 K and 200, 90, and 70 MPa to obtain H2O solubility data and pressure dependent liquidus conditions.The hydrated and quenched sample at 200 MPa is a crystal-free homogeneous glass with residual H2O fluid. The H2O content of the glass was determined with FTIR-spectroscopy. The measured H2O content of ~5.7 wt.% at 200 MPa and 1123 K is in good agreement with previous results of Schmidt and Behrens (2008).In contrast, the samples hydrated at P
Impact of the Atlantic Niño on California Ecosystem predictability
Authors: Rodríguez-Fonseca Belen , Pozo Mercedes , Fiechter Jerome , Bograd Steven , Jacox Mike
Published: March 2024

The Atlantic Niño is the dominant mode of sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Atlantic at interannual time scales. In the last decades this mode of variability has been identified as a driver of the Pacific Niño, increasing its predictability. The mechanism involved in the relation between the Atlantic Niño and ENSO is through the modification of the Walker Cell, altering surface winds in the western Pacific and triggering oceanic kelvin waves. These kelvin waves propagate to the east in the equatorial Pacific and along the north and South American coasts, altering the structure of the water column. The impact of this teleconnection on eastern boundary current upwelling systems has not been analyzed so far. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the impact of the Atlantic Niño on physical and biogeochemical processes in the California Current ecosystem, by the alteration of wind-driven coastal upwelling and the modification of upwelled source water properties. The mechanism relates an Atlantic Niño with enhanced production due to the uplifting of isopycnals, which that supplies more nutrients to the euphotic zone and enhances primary production and subsequent vertical export and remineralization at depth. In addition, statistical prediction is performed, indicating strong predictability of California Current biogeochemical variability from the equatorial Atlantic anomalous SSTs more than one year ahead. 
The influence of proglacial lakes on climate and surface mass balance of retreating ice sheets: A study of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets at 13 ka BP
Authors: Krebs-Kanzow Uta , Sijbrandij Lianne , Knorr Gregor , Ackermann Lars , Niu Lu , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: March 2024

During the last deglaciation large proglacial lakes formed at the base of the retreating northern hemisphere ice sheets. We assess the effect of these ice-contact lakes on regional climate and on the ice sheet surface mass balance components of the adjacent  Laurentide (LIS) and Fennoscandian (FIS) ice sheets,  using an atmosphere general circulation model with a novel extension for proglacial lakes in combination with a surface mass balance scheme for ice sheets, which, for the first time, allows to estimate the effect of the cold surface of these extensive lakes on the surface mass balance of the adjacent ice sheets. In a set of simulations inspired by the  Allerød interstadial around 13000 years before present, we demonstrate that the presence of proglacial lakes significantly reduces summer air temperatures in a larger area around the proglacial lakes and leads to reduced precipitation with increased snow/rain ratio. In consequence surface ablation reduces by 39% over the FIS and 28% over the LIS while accumulation only changes slightly by 1% and -3%  respectively. About one quarter of the response in surface ablation is related to the perennially cold surface of the proglacial lakes.
Citizen science in geoheritage: who participates in community geosite assessments?
Authors: Pál Márton , van Wyk de Vries Benjamin , Vereb Viktor , Albert Gáspár
Published: March 2024

Citizen science has only recently started to develop in the field of geoheritage . It is a methodology that involves the public in the study, conservation, and evaluation of geoscientific phenomena. The involvement of non-geoscientists in geoheritage tasks and processes enables collaboration between professionals and the public, harnessing the collective power of the community to collect valuable data and observations.  

One of the citizen science opportunities in geoheritage is to include visitor opinions in geosite assessment. Since the introduction of the Modified Geosite Assessment Model (Tomić & Božić, 2014), some publications have included geotourists’ opinions about scientific and infrastructural criteria in the evaluation using online questionnaires (Pál & Albert, 2020; Vereb, 2020). These can be filled in with the help of QR codes placed in the field.  

A few years ago, we designated two areas – the Chaîne des Puys in France and the Balaton Uplands in Hungary – with several geosites to analyse the modifying effect of visitor involvement in geosite assessment. Apart from the assessment results, the demographic and professional composition of questionnaire fillers can also be examined.  

In our questionnaire, we collected data at each site on each participant’s age, gender, education, profession in geosciences or tourism, distance of residence, interest in geosciences and geoheritage, and hiking frequency. These data have been compared regarding the Hungarian (1123) and French (321) completions. 

According to the results, there are more male respondents in both countries. There is a difference between the most populated age groups (France: 46-60, Hungary: 36-45). Most respondents have a university degree, but only a few percent of them are geoscientists or tourism professionals. In France, the majority is interested in geoheritage and geosciences, while in Hungary, the interest is only mediocre. The majority of French respondents live close to the subject area (
Predicting massive floating macroalgal blooms in the regional sea
Authors: Zhou Fucang , Chen Zhi , Liu Dongyan , Chen Ruishan , Chen Changsheng , Soetaert Karline , Ge Jianzhong
Published: March 2024

Increasingly severe and massive floating macroalgal blooms pose significant challenges to the prediction and management of coastal and ocean environment. This study introduces the Floating Macroalgal Growth and Drift Model (FMGDM), a physical-ecological model that tracks, replicates, and extinguishes Lagrangian particles to dynamically simulate the growth and drift pattern of floating macroalgae. The model updates the position, velocity, quantity, and represented biomass of these particles synchronously within its tracking and ecological modules. The macroalgal ecodynamic processes are driven by the oceanic physical-biochemical environments of hydrodynamics, temperature, nutrients, and atmospheric conditions. With the support of the hydrodynamic model and biological macroalgae data, FMGDM can serve as a model tool to forecast floating macroalgal blooms. We developed a forecasting system for large-scale floating macroalgal blooms, which integrates the FMGDM with the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). This system is capable of predicting the physical-biogeochemical environment and macroalgal ecodynamic processes in the regional ocean. Biological parameters for this model were specifically derived from culture experiments of Ulva prolifera, a phytoplankton species causing the largest worldwide bloom of green tide in the Yellow Sea, China. With real-time multi-resource satellite data, the system successfully applied to predict green tide events in the Yellow Sea for 2021-2023. The prediction accuracy of coverage can reach 67.0%, and the minimum error of green tide center of mass is 7.39 nautical miles for total coverage of 52.01 km2 and prediction duration of 7 days. Supported by regional marine data and macroalgal physiological characteristics, this system can be expanded to other similar floating macroalgal blooms.
Do root exudates stabilize in coastal wetland soils?
Authors: Gösele Clarisse , Müller Peter
Published: March 2024

Salt marshes are highly effective long-term carbon sinks. The capacity of these ecosystems to sequester carbon is controlled by the balance of plant primary production and microbial decomposition. Besides the input of litter, plants are able to excrete organic carbon into the soil by transporting recently fixed carbon compounds from the living roots into the surrounding soil. Despite playing an important role in the global carbon cycle, studies on root exudates in tidal wetlands are rare. This study reports findings on (1) the detection and (2) the stabilization of root exudates in a wetland plant-soil system. Conducting a 13CO2 pulse-labeling study, we (1) tested if Spartina anglica Hubb. supplies a relevant (i.e. detectable) flux of recently fixed carbon via root exudates to the soil environment. The biogeochemical conditions of a typical wetland were simulated by planting S. anglica, a dominant grass in large parts of the European salt marsh area, in waterlogged mesocosms. The aboveground biomass was labeled by acidifying 0.1 g of 13C-pure bicarbonate inside a cylindric transparent acrylic glass chamber. Labeling was conducted once daily over a period of ten days. Isotope-ratio mass-spectrometry was used to track the 13C label through different compartments of the plant-soil system, including leaves, roots and bulk soil. We found a rapid translocation of recently fixed carbon to belowground plants tissues. (2) Subsamples of the labeled bulk soil were used to study the decay and stabilization of root exudates in the soil. A full factorial pot experiment (labeled vs. unlabeled x vegetated vs. non-vegetated) was conducted, where a total of 12 mesocosms were sampled over approx. 15 months and the bulk soil was analyzed for its δ13C-signature. This long-term approach showed that root exudates stabilize in coastal wetland soils under anoxic soil conditions and thereby could play an important role in their carbon sequestration capacity.
Modelling the life-environment interface in ancient shelf seas
Authors: Sjosten Sara , Daines Stuart , Lenton Tim
Published: March 2024

The co-evolution of life and environment is a dynamic system of feedbacks. Much of the evolution of life took place in localized shelf sea environments where evolving biota and redox conditions created feedbacks which are hypothesized to have increased the ecospace for life to radiate - and sometimes perhaps brought about its own demise. Models can suggest hypotheses to test ecosystem dynamics and the effects of changes to life or the environment on the other. A particular modelling challenge is to connect these localized environments to global Earth system dynamics over long timescales. A hierarchy of models is needed to separate spatial and temporal scales and allow for the construction of models specific enough to be supported by limited geological data. We introduce a 1D column model of an ocean shelf sea in the PALEO framework to represent the ecological dynamics of important early life forms such as plankton, sponges and early burrowers and their effects on redox conditions, sediment burial and diagenesis. This model demonstrates that ecological dynamics and nutrient cycling can be modelled at the finest scales, while remaining computationally viable over geological timescales. Ongoing work integrating this model with data from critical time intervals in the Ediacaran and Cambrian can provide specific hypotheses for the local behavior of the life-environment interface and can be connected to broader models for global investigations.
Climate Change Impacts on Nuclear Waste Management: Insights from Belgium and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Montoya Vanessa , Beerten Koen
Published: March 2024

Climate evolution over millennial timescales significantly influences various environmental aspects, including thermal conditions, regional sea levels, geomorphological evolution, weathering processes, and hydrogeological evolution. This intricate relationship has direct implications for nuclear waste management facilities, as climate change alters the frequency and intensity of extreme events, posing risks during construction, operation, and post-closure phases. Understanding these impacts is crucial for ensuring safety and to building civil society's confidence in radioactive waste management programes. This contribution centers on Belgian scenarios.SCK CEN, with extensive experience in studying climate change impacts on nuclear waste management, shares its insights from projects such as BIOCLIM, BIOMOSA, and EURAD. The Belgian case, with its diverse climate regions, offers valuable data applicable to other countries facing similar climate challenges. For example, SCK CEN's involvement in EURAD - UMAN has already prompted recommendations for managing uncertainties in the geosphere, particularly in climatic evolution. Key areas of focus could include validating permafrost depth models, modeling hydrochemical changes resulting from permafrost development, conducting detailed palaeo-hydrological studies, and considering the influence of decompaction on host rock properties. This study serves as a critical resource for understanding and addressing climate-related challenges in nuclear waste management, fostering international collaboration and knowledge exchange.
Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Glacierized Catchments in Central Asia Using an Open Source Toolkit
Authors: Schuster Phillip , Georgi Alexander , Osmonov Azamat , Sauter Tobias
Published: March 2024

The impacts of climate change and the retreat of mountain glaciers will significantly affect the headwaters of high mountain river systems. Accurate predictions of future water availability are essential to mitigate local impacts. Despite the availability of various glacio-hydrological modeling tools and high-quality input datasets, their effective application in less developed countries facing severe climate change impacts remains limited. Accessible and cost-effective tools are particularly scarce, hindering engagement with water management stakeholders, especially at the local level.We present MATILDA, an open-source toolkit for glacierized catchments that allows users to acquire and process public data, apply well-established glacio-hydrological modeling routines, and estimate climate change impacts on the catchment of their choice. The workflow integrates Google Earth Engine, several state-of-the-art online data sources, and calibration algorithms. Published as a Jupyter book, it can be executed in an online Python environment, allowing users to generate scenario-based hydrological projections and analyze trends in runoff contributions, requiring only runoff observations.The workflow is outlined and discussed in terms of practical application, sensitivity and uncertainty, limitations, and possible improvements. With a view to two regional studies in the Tian Shan Mountains, we evaluate MATILDA’s practical potential to support water management decisions in high mountain areas. The first study assesses the impacts of glacier change on lake levels and local agriculture in the endorheic Issyk-Kul basin in Kyrgyzstan. The second study focuses on the Chirchik River Basin in Uzbekistan and it's crucial role for hydropower production and fresh water supply for the Tashkent metropolitan area.
Seamounts and giant carbonate mounds drive bio-physical connections in the deep-sea: Two case studies from the North Atlantic.
Authors: Mohn Christian , Schourup-Kristensen Vibe , Larsen Janus , Schwarzkopf Franziska , Biastoch Arne , Tojera Inês , Souto Miguel , Kaufmann Manfred , van der Kaaden Anna-Selma , Soetaert Karline , van Oevelen Dick
Published: March 2024

Seamounts and carbonate mounds are ubiquitous features of the global deep seascape. They often provide habitat for unique benthic species communities and support increased production and aggregation of phytoplankton, zooplankton, micronekton, and fish. Seamounts and carbonate mounds interact with the surrounding currents generating flow phenomena over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales including stable Taylor caps, energetic internal waves and turbulent mixing, all with the potential to enhance productivity, biomass, and biodiversity in an often food-limited deep-sea environment. We present hydrodynamic and ecological framework conditions at two contrasting topographic features in the North Atlantic, Great Meteor Seamount and Haas Mound. Great Meteor Seamount is of volcanic origin and one of the largest seamounts in the subtropical North Atlantic rising from 4200 m depth at the seafloor to a summit depth of 270 m. Great Meteor Seamount shows remarkable endemism in meiofaunal groups of copepods and nematodes. Haas Mound is one of the largest biogenic carbonate mounds of the Logachev mound province along the Southeast Rockall Bank in the Northeast Atlantic with a species rich benthic fauna dominated by the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum (Lophelia pertusa). We used results from hydrodynamic models to identify the physical processes, which potentially support seamount and carbonate mound biodiversity. The models employ high-resolution local bathymetry, basin-scale lateral forcing and tidal forcing. Our model simulations provide a detailed three-dimensional picture of the fine-scale motions and physical processes, which potentially drive bio-physical connections such as particle retention and continuous or episodic food supply to benthic communities. 
Quantifying the impact of wave dynamics, tidal influence, and bathymetric variations on the performance of Coastal Altimetry: a case study in the Indonesian seas
Authors: Nadzir Zulfikar Adlan , Fenoglio Luciana , Kusche Jürgen
Published: March 2024

Coastal altimetry datasets are essential to understand coastal dynamics, using sea level variability as a proxy. Yet, their level of accuracy is influenced by, among others,  the condition of bathymetry, tides, and waves in the region. Until now, only a few studies assessed the contribution of these oceanographic conditions, especially in regions with a challenging coastal environment, such as the Indonesian seas.  This study aims to assess the individual and combined impacts of the aforementioned factors on the accuracy level of three coastal altimetry datasets (ALES, X-TRACK, and X-TRACK/ALES). Focusing on the Indonesian seas, we seek to provide insights into challenges specifically posed by these diverse, dynamic coastal settings. Utilizing a selection of statistical analysis, we combine three said coastal altimetry datasets with different numerical and empirical tidal, bathymetry, and wave models to isolate and evaluate the impact of bathymetry variation, tidal regime, and wave dynamics on the performance of coastal altimetry datasets, in comparison to a selection of tide gauges. We then classify the contributions of different factors to coastal altimetry datasets' accuracy. Preliminary results reveal different patterns of influences from each oceanographic condition in three different regions on the Indonesian seas. We suggest this could aid coastal (less than 10 km) altimetry data processing, particularly in regions characterized by intricate coastal dynamics. The outcome underlines the necessity to take the interplay between bathymetry, tides, and waves into consideration when processing coastal altimetry datasets.
Geodynamic Stratigraphy — Defining the Need for Mapping Strategies to link Models of Mantle Dynamics to Surface Processes on Geological Scales
Authors: Friedrich Anke M.
Published: March 2024

Geodynamicists have long proposed that mantle convection creates dynamic topography — a long-wavelength, low-amplitude signal extending beyond plate tectonics. This predicts transient vertical Earth surface movement of 1–2 km across thousands of horizontal kilometers at any location, including continental interiors. Despite these claims, experts working on local observations, using the multitude of high-resolution geological, sedimentological, and geomorphological data, face challenges in finding clear evidence to unequivocally support dynamic models of whole mantle convection, including the plume mode. Moreover, regional-scale stratigraphic techniques, such as sequence stratigraphy, which enabled hydrocarbon exploration, invoke unconformities on multiple scales but, from their far-field perspective, render correlation to distinct geodynamic events difficult.To circumvent this scaling and correlation problem, I propose to reverse the stratigraphic perspective to an outwards-directed view. This approach requires a theoretical geodynamic framework and the identification of tectonic events (center, near field), such as magmatic arcs, flood basalts, or uplifted domes, followed by outward-directed geological mapping of regional-scale stratigraphic unconformities —predicted by theory— to distal regions. This approach is analogous to the way in which paleoseismologists examine so-called event horizons, i.e., unconformities in the stratigraphic record adjacent to fault scarps that preserve a record of the Earth's surface at the time of earthquake rupture.This event-based stratigraphic mapping method (EVENT-STRAT) enables analysis of geological events on geological maps compiled at regional to continental scales. The technique connects local work into a continent-scale framework, allowing identification of transient patterns related to dynamic mantle-derived events. The EVENT-STRAT mapping method is designed to visualize geological effects resulting from both the plate and the plume mode of mantle convection. The toolbox consists of the hiatus mapping method (Friedrich 2019, Geological Magazine) and the event-based stratigraphic framework mapping (e.g., Friedrich et al. 2018, Gondwana Research). The upcoming EVENT-STRAT mapping method involves multiple polygonal stacking to analyze various stratigraphic event horizons, such as hiatus surfaces and unconformities. The most significant current challenge is to add the high-precision stratigraphic data compiled on local chronostratigraphic charts to continent-scale geological maps. This effort requires the attention of geological surveys on international scales seeking to compile theory-based geodynamic-stratigraphic parameters on the next generation of global and continent-scale geological maps.