bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study between Lean Construction and the Traditional Production System
Authors: Bajjou Mohamed Saad , Chafi Anas , En-Nadi Abdelali
Published: March 2017

The growing context of globalization permanently increases pressure on the construction companies to improve their performances in order to resist to the constraints of competitiveness in the international market. It has become ineluctable to look for introducing a new alternative capable of bringing creative improvement to the traditional production system. This paper will relate mainly to the most relevant management techniques in the construction industry, and more specifically, the lean construction concept. Initially, we will determine the main characteristics of the construction industry compared to the manufacturing industry according to three levels: on-site production, one of a kind projects, and complexity. Subsequently, we will focus our attention on the main sources of waste in the construction industry. Finally, a rigorous comparative study will be carried out to show the contribution of the lean construction tools in the promotion of traditional construction especially at the level of the following factors: Creating value and eliminating waste; Planning and mutual coordination; Site organization. Lean construction as Last Planner System (LPS), Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Just-in-Time philosophy, Visual management (VM) and 5S have shown a great ability to improve the traditional production system through waste reduction, encouraging people involvement, ensuring a pull flow production, and promotion of a continuous improvement philosophy.
Toward an Integrated Approach of HV and MV Circuit-Breakers Optimization Maintenance Planning and Reliability Assessment: A Case Study
Authors: Mahmoudi Morad , El Barkany Abdellah , El Khalfi Ahmed
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates technical and organizational tools to improve maintenance planning performances. Indeed, maintaining a high level of reliability and availability of a Medium Voltage electrical network protection system such as the Medium Voltage and High Voltage circuit-breaker and its numerical protection relay at a low operating expenses cost is one of the most critical and challenging tasks for MV electrical distribution network operators. This work has mainly two goals. Firstly, to propose an operating expenses budget function that evaluates the Planned Scheduled Preventive Maintenance Policy combined with a Condition-based maintenance fora real series-parallel multi-assets MV electrical distribution system with active redundancy under the reliability and the maintenance frequency visits of these components. Secondly, to implement an integrated genetic algorithm approach in order to look for the optimal perfect and planned preventive maintenance scheduling policy and condition-based maintenance that minimizes the maximum operating expenses cost of the entire system.The method determines the optimal schedule of preventive maintenance actions based on minimization both reliabilty and operating expenses costs. Conclusions and recommendations for practice are made on the basis of obtained results.
Implementation of Lean Tools in an Automotive Industry for Productivity Enhancement - A Case Study
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Adil Ahamed M.A.
Published: March 2017

Value stream mapping has the reputation of uncovering waste in manufacturing, production and business process. This helps in identifying and removing or streaming value added steps and eliminating non value added steps. In this study the process was analyzed to find an opportunity to drastically reduce the number of actions and to simplify the same. By reducing waste the proportion of value adding time increases in the whole process and the process throughput speed could also be increased. This makes the redesigned process more effective and more efficient. The reengineered process was flow charted in its future state with process steps and information flows re-engineering, simplified and economized. The current layout was analysed to identify and eliminate the non value added activities through lean tools like 5S, VSM and line balancing in a manufacturing industry. From the observed results, it was concluded that the non value added time could be reduced by about 13% while the process cycle efficiency could be increased by about 10%. Virtual simulation was conducted to verify and validate the existing situation as well as to propose the results and the effectiveness of lean principles in a systematic manner with the help of ARENA.
Investigation of PDC Cutter Interface Geometry Using 3D FEM Modelling
Authors: Heydarshahy Seyed Ali , Karekal Shivakumar
Published: March 2017

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters have been popularly used in recent times due to their resistance against mechanical and thermal wear. This paper was focused on interface geometries between the substrate and the diamond table. Various types of interfaces were designed, to investigate how different interface geometries influence distribution of stress and strain under shear loading. The interface geometries examined in this paper included castle interface, dent interface, honeycomb interface and chase interface. Parallel to the interface, shear loading was applied to the top of diamond table to mimic the shear loading component from the rock cutting. To apply the shear loading, two locations were considered for each of the geometries. These locations differed depending on the interface features. Stress and strain distribution and values across different interface geometries were analysed with the aid of 3D Finite Element Method (FEM). The numerical simulations indicated that stress and strain magnitudes and distribution patterns varied in relation to different geometries. Some substrates showed relatively lower plastic strain representing higher durability of the geometries. Concentration of stress and strain distribution showed the areas where one could expect weakness. It also implies that rotating the PDC cutter assemblies around their cylindrical axis helps avoiding fatigue of interface elements in regions of high stress concentration; and thus, preventing premature failure of interface elements.
A Novel Near-Infrared Fluorescence Sensor for H2O2 Based on N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine-Capped Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Dong Wen Juan , Han Ji Yan , Wu Xin , Fan Li , Liang Wen Ting
Published: March 2017

A novel near-infrared fluorescence quenching method has been developed for the determination of hydrogen peroxide based on N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped gold nanoparticles (NAC-AuNPs) as a fluorescence probe. The prepared gold nanoparticles with the size of about 1.91 nm exhibited strong near-infrared fluorescence emission at 693 nm with excitation wavelength at 450 nm in aqueous solution. The fluorescence intensity of NAC-AuNPs was quenched dramatically by adding hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, it could be used to detect hydrogen peroxide based on the fluorescence quenching intensity was linear with the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear range and detection limit were 1.0×10-6 –3.0×10-2 mol/L and 1.0×10-7 mol/L, respectively. The possible quenching mechanism was investigated by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The proposed method was simple, sensitive and showed good repeatability and stability.
Micro-Mechanical Properties of Individual Phases in Cement Pastes under Brine Solution Using Nanoindentation and Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Li Yue , Peng Wang , Guan Zhong Zheng , Ding Qing Jun
Published: March 2017

Understanding the micro-mechanical properties and the microstructure of cement-based materials under the saline lake environment in western China can provide a scientific basis for the durability design. In this study, cement pastes ((w/c=0.35) and (w/c=0.53)) were prepared and soaked in brine solution to carry out the dry-wet cycle test, the chemical composition of which is similar to saline lake solution. The micrographs of corroded regions and corrosion products were observed and analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Micro-mechanical properties of different phases were tested by nanoindentation, and multi-peaks fitting was carried out for the experimental frequency distributions of the indentation modulus and indentation hardness by Gaussian function. In the meantime,the statistical distribution of micro-mechanical properties was summarized for the hydrates in corroded cement paste, which has included the low density calcium–silicate–hydrates (LD C-S-H gel), high density calcium–silicate–hydrates (HD C-S-H gel) and calcium hydroxide (CH). The results show that micro mechanical properties of each phase in cement paste after brine corrosion decreased significantly. In addition, the water-cement ratio has little effect on the micro mechanical properties, but much effect on volume fraction of each phase.
Ultra-Thin Electro-Spun PAN Nanofiber Membrane for High-Efficient Inhalable PM2.5 Particles Filtration
Authors: Su Shi , Li Jiang Ling , Zhou Lei , Wan Shu , Bi Heng Chang , Ma Qing , Sun Li Tao
Published: March 2017

In this work, we introduce a synthesis method for a nanofiber membrane made of polyacrylonitrile and verify its filtration ability with micron-size particles. The polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane was produced by electro-spun technique with a thickness less than 0.2 mm. The filtration experimental result from micron-size particle penetration proved that after 60-min deposition, the polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane successfully filtrated ~99% micron-size particles in solution. We found that uniform morphology, consistent nanofiber diameter without disordered beads will lead to a better filtration performance. This finding will provide a low-cost, environmental-friendly and straightforward filtration approach for future PM2.5 elimination in an aqueous and harsh environment.
Influence of Interface Traps on the Electrical Properties of Oxide Thin-Film Transistors with Different Channel Thicknesses
Authors: Jiang Jing Xin , Wang Da Peng , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Kimura Mutsumi , Liu Sheng Yang , Furuta Mamoru
Published: March 2017

The electrical properties of bottom-gate amorphous InSnZnO (a-ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with different channel thicknesses (TITZO) were investigated. The difference between front- and back-channel interface traps influence on subthreshold swing (S) and turn on voltage (Von) of a-ITZO TFTs was further analyzed using device simulation. Variations of front-channel interface traps (Naf) on S and Von were hardly dependent on TITZO. However, variations of S and Von became larger for thinner TITZO TFT when back-channel interface traps (Nabk) varied; which can be explained by considering screening length. Not only Naf but also Nabk are important factors of S and Von to achieve high performance thinner oxide TFT.
SAR interferometry for permafrost monitoring
Authors: Short N , Brisco B , Budkewitsch P , Murnaghan K
Published: March 2017

Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) is a technique that can be used to measure ground movement from two or more SAR acquisitions. The SAR data sets must be of the same area, acquired with exactly the same radar properties and the same viewing
geometry, and separated by a period of time. When the SAR data are processed carefully and controlled for errors, the resulting patterns of phase shift can be converted to patterns of ground movement.
While the theory of InSAR for permafrost environments is well established, SAR satellite limitations have made it difficult, if not impossible, to carry out regular monitoring. In the past four years three new SAR satellites have been launched with dramatically improved capabilities for InSAR. These
sensors are ALOS-PALSAR (Lband SAR), RADARSAT-2 (C-band SAR) and TerraSAR-X (X-band SAR).The project
at CCRS is a comprehensive exploration of these new sensors and their capabilities for use in permafrost environments.
Preliminary results show that the quality of the InSAR data pairs from the new sensors is very high and that ground movement patterns can be clearly identified. Figure 1 shows the ground displacement detected over Herschel Island between August 19 and October 4, 2007, using ALOS-PALSAR data.
Significant subsidence is observed on the north coast and over the higher elevation areas. Figure 2. shows the ground displacement detected over a one year period for the same area, also using ALOS-PALSAR data. Again significant subsidence is noted along the north coast. Other subsidence patterns
seem more related to surface hydrology and breaks in surface slope.The SAR sensors recently launched appear to hold significant promise for detecting ground displacement patterns over larger areas than are possible with ground surveys. Both seasonal and longer term trends can be detected. Future
work includes plans for field validation and investigation of the high resolution modes of RADARSAT-2 and TerraSAR-X.
Note on the availability of geochemical data for soils and other surficial media
Authors: Kettles I M , Spirito W A , Rencz A N
Published: March 2017

Through evolution of the Internet and improvements in software capabilities, it is now possible to immediately obtain a large amount of the geochemical data generated from field surveys and laboratory studies by federal and provincial government agencies in
Canada. One important source is the Canadian Geochemical Surveys catalogue which is found on the Geochemical Data Repository (GDR) at Natural Resources Canada (http://gdr. nrcan.gc.ca/index_e.php [accessed March 11, 2010]). The catalogue contains searchable metadata and raw data for approximately
700 geochemical surveys carried out by the GSC and provincial geological agencies since the 1950s
The geochemical catalogue was initially created in partnership with Health Canada to provide Health Canada - Federal Contaminated Sites Program with information on soil and till geochemistry to support risk management decisions. More recently, the catalogue was expanded to include data for
vegetation and lake and stream sediments, in addition to soil and till, and was extensively cross-linked to other databases and the provincial and territorial geological surveys. The database underlying the catalogue is updated on a regular basis. NRCan - Earth Sciences Sector Library has an
extensive web site through which there is access to many databases, mechanisms for searches and other services, most of which are broadly cross-linked. It is possible to download for free selected GSC articles through GeoPub, search for publications using the library catalogue and GEOSCAN, peruse
and obtain more than 7000 digital photos and view Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds for frequently updated works. GEOSCAN is the bibliographic database for scientific publications of NRCan - Earth Sciences Sector. It has more than 60,000 records of publications of the Geological Survey of Canada
and the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Canada topographic maps and external publications authored by ESS scientists and specialists. The following is one portal of entry for all of the databases and services described above: http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/bookstore/index_e.php [accessed March 11,
2010].
Introduction - three-dimensional geological mapping
Authors: Russell H A J , Berg R C , Thorleifson L H
Published: March 2017

This workshop is the seventh in an ongoing series primarily designed to share insights among geological mappers who are maximizing the use of variable and often voluminous subsurface information in order to produce 3D models that map sediment and rock, with an
emphasis on the needs of groundwater management. The first workshop in this series was held in Normal, Illinois, ten years ago this past April, (Berg and Thorleifson, 2001). This year's workshop reflects the evolving focus of the series from issues of data quality, datasets, and methods for data
collection to a focus at the Geological Survey Organization level on institutional implementation of modelling standards at state, provincial, and national scales. Since the 2009 workshop in Portland two notable outcomes of the workshop series have been published. Firstly, Thorleifson et al. (2010)
discussed the emergence of 3D mapping at Geological Survey Organizations (GSO). Secondly, Berg et al. (2011) edited a collection of papers on approaches to 3D geological mapping at several geological survey organizations from Europe, North America, and Australia.
This year's workshop continues the trend of increased focus on work at GSOs with 11 of 15 contributions focused on this subject. The four remaining papers, however, maintain the essential link to research on methods.
Fe and Mg signatures of the Bong Uranium Deposit, Thelon Basin, Nunavut
Authors: Potter E G , Sharpe R , Girard I , Fayek M , Gammon P , Quirt D , Robbins J
Published: March 2017

The Bong deposit is one of several uranium occurrences located ca. 5 km southeast of the faulted margin of the Proterozoic Thelon sub-basin, within altered metasedimentary rocks of the Woodburn Lake group. The deposit exhibits features in common with
unconformity-related deposits of the Athabasca Basin, in particular a spatial association with the regional unconformity, alteration and ore mineralogy and structural context. Primary uranium enrichment is associated with a broad hydrothermal alteration halo characterized by an inner illite-rich
zone and an outer chlorite-rich zone. Whole rock and clay-sized fraction 57FeIRMM-014 and 26MgDSM-3 values of the least-altered host rocks cluster near 0 -0, within range of average values of crustal materials. Zones characterized by intense illite alteration have high 57Fe and 26Mg values, with
average whole-rock values of 57Fe = 0.87 }0.23-0 and 26Mg = 0.61 }0.29-0, and clay-size fraction values of 57Fe = 0.77 }0.29-0 and 26Mg = 0.82 }0.090. These isotopic values correlate with reductions in Fe2+ concentrations (average of 0.47 mol. % versus average of 2.30 mol. % Fe2+ in
least-altered hosts). The high 57Fe values support leaching of Fe2+ (aq) with low 57Fe compositions from the system, causing precipitation of iron-bearing minerals with 57Fe values higher than the host rocks. The 57Fe values may have been locally influenced by the formation of hematite and
Fe-oxyhydroxide minerals in secondary miniature roll-front mineralization due to redox reactions. The high 26Mg values coincide with formation of illite, which preferentially incorporated heavier magnesium isotopes during the intense hydrothermal alteration observed in both the ore zone and an upper
hematitic horizon. Despite the significant shifts in isotopic compositions, the net iron depletion in the ore zone via selective leaching of Fe2+ without Fe3+ enrichment implies that redox reactions were not the dominant mechanism of primary uranium mineralization at the Bong deposit. Mineralogical
and geochemical data support primary uranium precipitation through reduction and neutralization of an oxidized, acidic fluid. As Fe2+ was leached from the system in solution, enrichment of Fe-oxides and low whole-rock ?57Fe values may be a distal signature of these systems.
Hyperspectral reflectance spectrometry in the exploration for VMS deposits using the Izok Lake Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag deposit, Nunavut as a test site
Authors: Laakso K , Rivard B , Peter J M
Published: March 2017

We have investigated the application of ground, laboratory and airborne optical remote sensing methods to the detection of hydrothermal alteration zones associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits using the Izok Lake Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag deposit, Nunavut
as a test site. The deposit is located in a subarctic environment where lichens are abundant on the rock outcrops. The rhyolitic host rocks to the deposit have been hydrothermally altered and contain white mica and chlorite group minerals. These alteration minerals have Al-OH and Fe-OH absorption
features in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region. The absorption feature wavelength positions can shift as a function of chemical compositional changes within minerals. In and around the Izok Lake deposit there are systematic trends in the Al-OH and Fe-OH absorption feature wavelength
positions with distance from the massive sulphide lenses. Furthermore, these trends can be detected in bulk rock lithogeochemical data. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using hyperspectral remotely sensed data to delineate hydrothermal alteration zones and determine alteration intensity in
high-latitude regions.
Oxygen isotope zonation about the Izok Ag-VMS deposit, Slave Province, Nunavut: hanging-wall vector to mineralization
Authors: Taylor B E , Peter J M , Laakso K , Rivard B
Published: March 2017

Oxygen isotope compositions were determined for 99 whole-rock samples of felsic host rocks collected in the vicinity of the Izok volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit. The results reveal a distinct pattern of oxygen isotope zonation spatially centred over the
massive sulphide lenses produced by water/rock reaction in a hydrothermal system. The zonation indicates that this paleo-hydrothermal system is relatively 'up right', centered over the massive sulphide lenses. Analyzed samples are primarily from the hanging wall, and have d18OV-SMOW values as high
as 14.7perthousand. In contrast to isotopic studies describing 18O-depleted footwall and upflow zones, the 18O-enriched zoning pattern in the Izok Lake area illustrates a clear hanging-wall "vector" to the buried sulphide lenses. This isotopic 'fingerprint' of an Archean hydrothermal system has been
retained in the rocks, despite subsequent amphibolite facies metamorphism. The isotopic zonation broadly corresponds to an isopleth indicating loss of Na2O from the rocks, and, to some extent, with a mapped distribution of the Ishikawa alteration index and short-wave infrared spectral mapping of
white-mica and biotite+chlorite-related absorption features. However, the pattern of oxygen isotope zonation provides a more focused 'target'.
Multiple sulphur isotope reconnaissance of Slave Province volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits
Authors: Taylor B E , Peter J M , Wing B
A
Published: March 2017

Multi-sulphur isotope (32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S) analysis of galena, sphalerite, and pyrite from 30 Archean volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and occurrences from across the Slave Province reveals a variable contribution from Archean atmosphere-derived
sulphur. Mass-independent fractionation of the sulphur isotopes produced anomalous abundances (D33S) of the sulphur isotopes that were incorporated to varying degrees in deposits that formed in different tectonic settings. Our data indicate that deposits of the bimodal-mafic type (bimodal rift
setting) are characterized by a restricted range of D33S from -0.3 to 0.1 per mil, whereas deposits of the bimodal-felsic type (arc-like settings) exhibit a broader range in D33S, from -0.8 to 0.6 per mil. Mantle-derived (juvenile) sulphur is essentially the sole source of sulphur in deposits of the
bimodalmafic type, whether derived directly by magmatic degassing, or indirectly by leaching of magmatic sulphides in the associated hydrothermal system; these deposits are also characterized by relatively low silver contents. Bimodal-felsic type deposits, typified by high silver contents, contain
variable amounts of atmosphere- derived sulphur that was more readily available in arc-like settings.
LA-ICP-MS analysis of volatile trace elements in massive sulphides and host rocks of selected VMS deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick: methodology and application to exploration
Authors: Soltani Dehnavi A , Lentz D R , McFarlane C R M
Published: March 2017

The application of volatile trace element contents of pyrite, chlorite, and white mica in selected polymetallic Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp, northern New Brunswick (Armstrong A, Brunswick No. 12, Canoe
Landing Lake, Halfmile Lake Deep Zone, Key Anacon, Louvicourt, and Restigouche) as a vectoring tool in VMS exploration has been investigated. In situ volatile trace element contents (As, Cd, Hg, In, Sb, Tl, etc.) were determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
(LA-ICP-MS). Pyrite is a ubiquitous sulphide in altered host rocks to VMS mineralization and can accommodate a wide range of volatile trace elements. Most analyzed pyrite grains are arsenian with As contents up to 7.3 wt%, Sb (up to 2910 ppm), Tl (up to 4110 ppm), Au (up to 73.2 ppm), Hg (up to
220 ppm), In (up to 49 ppm), and Cd (up to 270 ppm). Variations in the spot chemical compositions of pyrite in stratigraphic profiles of the examined deposits reveal distinct volatile trace element features. Pyrite in the footwall alteration zones typically displays systematically increasing
volatile trace element contents with decreasing distance stratigraphically upward to the ore horizon. However, in the hanging-wall alteration zones, there are no consistent pyrite chemical compositional trends. Pyrite in the hanging wall of some deposits, such as Brunswick No. 12, Canoe Landing
Lake, Restigouche, and Key Anacon, show high As in the upper portions and, to a lesser extent, higher abundances of other volatile trace elements. Volatile element contents of chlorite and white mica (muscovitic to phengitic in composition) indicate that these elements are crystal lattice-bound.
White mica typically contains As (up to 1.01 wt%), Sb (up to 4750 ppm), Tl (up to 698 ppm), In (up to 563 ppm), Hg (up to 67 ppm), Cd (up to 83 ppm), and Bi (up to 185 ppm). In comparison to white mica, chlorite is preferentially enriched in Cd (0.07-420 ppm) and Bi (0.02-185 ppm). The spot
LA-ICP-MS analyses of chlorite and white mica demonstrate that volatile trace element contents of hanging-wall- and footwall-altered rocks increase with decreasing distance toward mineralization.
Our data indicate that pyrite, chlorite, and white mica are the residence sites of significant abundances of volatile trace elements, in particular As, Sb, Tl, Bi, and to lesser extent Cd, In, and Hg. Therefore, these minerals can serve as the primary widespread dispersal proxies for volatile
elements in the studied drillholes. Systematic trends in volatile trace element distribution patterns in pyrite, chlorite, and white mica can be used to vector toward VMS mineralization in the Bathurst Mining Camp. This methodology may be applicable in other areas where polymetallic deposits occur,
and may complement other geochemical and geophysical exploration methods.
Integration of rock properties and geophysics, Bathurst Mining Camp
Authors: Tschirhart P A , Morris W A
Published: March 2017

Physical rock property information is an important aspect of geophysical processing and interpretation as it provides a direct link between geophysical data and geological interpretations. Herein, the existing physical rock property (density and magnetic
susceptibility measurements) database for host rocks and volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization in the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC), northern New Brunswick, is expanded by incorporating new measurements taken on in situ samples and drill cores from throughout the BMC. Descriptive
statistics are calculated and presented, and density-magnetic susceptibility bivariate plots are used to illustrate patterns indicative of changes in the abundances of paramagnetic versus ferrimagnetic mineral phases. A discrete object magnetic inversion, solving for the remanent magnetization
vector of the Armstrong B anomaly, is computed. The inversion is constrained geometrically by geological mapping at surface and diamond drilling at depth. Magnetic susceptibility values for the country rock and mineralization are from the physical property database. Results of the inversion suggest
that the remanent vector was acquired sometime between 470 and 420 Ma, likely during the Salinic orogeny. Density information is used to reprocess ground gravity and airborne gravity gradiometry (AGG) data by applying a laterally variable Bouguer and terrain density correction linked to averaged,
measured density values and mapped extents of the different tectonostratigraphic groups that make up the BMC. The results of this reprocessing subtly change the gravity and gravity-gradient anomaly patterns allowing for isolated anomalies to be more discretely resolved and reduce the impact of the
terrain-related signal in the AGG data. Finally, helicopterborne frequency domain electromagnetic data for a small test site within the BMC are inverted for magnetic susceptibility and forward modelled into a magnetic anomaly grid. Magnetic susceptibility values from the physical property database
are used to validate the results of the inversion. This computed near-surface magnetic anomaly grid is then used as a reference to effectively filter measured total magnetic intensity data to represent solely near-surface magnetic sources. Although petrophysical measurements in the BMC may not apply
elsewhere, the various methodologies presented are appropriate wherever the geological and geophysical requirements of the method are met.
Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Waconichi Formation east of the Lemoine auriferous volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec
Authors: Boulerice A R , Ross P -S , Mercier-Langevin P
Published: March 2017

The Lemoine Mine exploited a small but exceptionally rich auriferous volcanogenic massive sulphide body (0.76 Mt of ore grading 4.6 g/t Au). The deposit was located in the Lower Lemoine Member of the Waconichi Formation, in the Chibougamau area of the Archean
Abitibi greenstone belt. The Lower Lemoine Member, which is mostly of tholeiitic magmatic affinity, is overlain by the Upper Lemoine Member comprising transitional basalt and transitional to calc-alkaline rhyolite. Field mapping, geochemical analyses, and detailed core logging of every accessible
drillhole in the study area, east of the former mine, has helped to define the Lower Lemoine Member subunits and identify their mode of emplacement. The Lower Lemoine Member is composed of multiple extrusive subunits: from the bottom of the volcanic stratigraphy, the Alpha Rhyolite followed by the
Lemoine Rhyolite, the Lemoine Dacite, the Lemoine Andesite, and the Hanging-wall Quartz and Feldspar Porphyry. A second, later, component of the Alpha Rhyolite intrudes the Lemoine Rhyolite locally. The Marelle Quartz and Feldspar Porphyry and the Coco Lake Rhyolite represent subvolcanic intrusions
that form concordant sills at multiple stratigraphic levels in the Lower Lemoine Member. Preliminary results also indicate the potential presence and general location of previously unrecognized volcanic vents northeast of the Lemoine deposit, which may have been the site of paleohydrothermal fluid
up-flow and may host additional mineralization. The precise location of the volcanic vents is the topic of ongoing work and will have implications for exploration for volcanogenic massive sulphides in the area and in similar settings elsewhere. Moreover, our work indicates that the Lemoine
auriferous volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit is hosted in a felsic-dominated volcanic sequence comprising a significant portion of shallow intrusive rocks, defining a major thermal corridor over a large synvolcanic intrusion; conditions that may have contributed in forming such a base- and
precious-metal-rich deposit.
Precambrian lode gold deposits - a summary of TGI-4 contributions to the understanding of lode gold deposits, with an emphasis on implications for exploration
Authors: Dubé B , Mercier-Langevin P , Castonguay S , McNicoll V
J , Bleeker W , Lawley C J M , De Souza S , Jackson S E , Dupuis C , Gao J -F , Bécu V , Pilote P , Goutier J , Beakhouse G P , Yergeau D , Oswald W , Janvier V , Fontaine A , Pelletier M , Beauchamp A -M , Malo M , Katz L R , Kontak D J , Tóth Z , Lafrance B , Gourcerol B , Thurston P
C , Creaser R A , Enkin R
J , El Goumi N , Grunsky E
C , Schneider D A , Kelly C J , Lauzière K
Published: March 2017

The TGI-4 Lode Gold project, which comprises numerous site-specific and thematic research activities, covers the entire spectrum of crustal settings for lode gold deposits, from orogenic banded iron formationhosted and greenstone-hosted quartz carbonate vein-type
gold deposits formed deep in the crust (>5 km), to intrusion-related deposits that are formed at shallower crustal levels (~2-5 km), and to deposits formed at or near the seafloor. Herein we synthesize a number of important project contributions that have significant implications for
on-going mineral exploration for hidden deposits. Among the key findings is a newly established link between major faults, their early evolution, syntectonic magmatism and synorogenic sedimentary basin evolution, and gold metallogenesis in various greenstone belts. The revised model incorporates a
phase of tectonic extension-a distinct feature recognized in gold-rich settings worldwide-that is applicable to mineral exploration targeting across the Canadian Shield. Importantly, the simultaneous multidisciplinary study of a number of large banded iron formation-hosted gold deposits and
districts allows for the development of a unifying genetic model for such deposits that integrates critical structural, stratigraphic, hydrothermal, and metamorphic elements. Several key features that are common to all of the studied deposits, but elements specific to dominantly banded iron
formation-hosted gold deposits or to deposits that are only partly hosted in banded iron formation, were also established. The Lode Gold project also bridges a major knowledge gap by characterizing a spectrum of "unusual" or "atypical" gold deposits in the Superior Province. The new and revised
models incorporate synvolcanic as well as pre-deformation and synorogenic synmagmatic or intrusion-related gold deposits that represent a large part of the newly discovered resources in the Canadian Shield in both "brownfield" and "greenfield" exploration environments.
The Archean Côté Gold intrusion-related Au(-Cu) deposit, Ontario: a large-tonnage, low-grade deposit centred on a magmatic-hydrothermal breccia
Authors: Katz L R , Kontak D J , Dubé B , McNicoll V J
Published: March 2017

The recently discovered Côté Gold deposit, located in the southeast limb of the Swayze greenstone belt, Abitibi Subprovince, is an Archean low-grade, high-tonnage Au(-Cu) deposit. The deposit is hosted by the 2741 Ma Chester intrusive complex (CIC), a
high-level, multi-phase, laccolithic-shaped synvolcanic intrusion composed of several tonalite and diorite phases. Although a close temporal and spatial relationship exists between the phases of the CIC, whole-rock geochemistry on least-altered samples suggests they are petrogenetically unrelated.
Notably, the tonalite phases are characterized chemically as low-Al type, which is atypical of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites in the Archean Superior Province and elsewhere, but typical of primitive arc submarine environments. The mineralized system at the Côté Gold deposit
is cospatial with a multi-phase, magmatic-hydrothermal breccia body that contains multiple brecciation events and matrices and is overprinted by several alteration types (biotite, sericite, silica-sodic). Whole-rock geochemistry indicates that the deposit is Au(-Cu) only and is relatively depleted
in other elements (e.g. As, F, Bi, Te). The overlap of Re-Os dates on syn-gold-deposition molybdenite (2739 ± 9 Ma) with the 2741 Ma CIC is consistent with field observations that suggest an overlap of magmatic and hydrothermal events. The results of this study have defined a new significant
early stage gold metallogenic event in the Abitibi Subprovince at 2740 Ma and the deposit provides a guide for future exploration in other composite, subvolcanic, low-Al intrusions in the Archean.
Geology of the metamorphosed Roberto gold deposit (Éléonore Mine), James Bay region, Quebec: diversity of mineralization styles in a polyphase tectonometamorphic setting
Authors: Fontaine A , Dubé B , Malo M , McNicoll V J , Brisson T , Doucet D , Goutier J
Published: March 2017

The world-class Roberto gold deposit is a major discovery in the James Bay region. Hosted by <2675Ma (Timiskaming) sedimentary rocks, the deposit is located a few kilometres south of the tectonometamorphic contact between the Opinaca (paragneiss to
migmatite) and the La Grande subprovinces (tonalitic basement, volcano-sedimentary belts and syn- to late-tectonic intrusions). Multiple deformation events, long-lived metamorphic event(s), and magmatic activity, including proximity to the migmatitic Opinaca domain, constitute a geological context
that is favourable for long-lived hydrothermal systems or multiple mineralizing and/or remobilization events. Detailed underground and surface mapping of the ore zones and host rocks of the Roberto gold deposit (Eleonore mine) provide new insights into host-rock variations, relationships between
metamorphism and ore zones, syn- to post-mineralization structural events, and magmatic activity. These have led to a diversity of mineralization styles including i) stockwork of quartz, dravite (magnesian tourmaline) veinlets with microcline, phlogopite replacement zones with pyrrhotite,
arsenopyrite, and lollingite (Roberto zone), ii) quartz, diopside, schorl (iron-rich tourmaline), arsenopyrite veins (East-Roberto zone), and iii) more atypical ore zones in migmatitic rocks or in biotite, amphibole schist (Lake zone). All of the mineralized zones are deformed (isoclinal folding,
mylonitic shearing, boudinage) and some (e.g. Roberto zone) are locally strongly metamorphosed, suggesting that the bulk of the ore is pre-peak metamorphism (amphibolite facies). The timing of the mineralization relative to peak metamorphism and the complex geological setting are the dominant
factors that influenced the nature of the Roberto deposit.
Insights into the timing of mineralization and metamorphism in the North Caribou greenstone belt, western Superior Province
Authors: Kelly C J , Schneider D A
Published: March 2017

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb depth profiles of unpolished detrital zircon were used in an attempt to resolve the timing of metamorphism and mineralization in the North Caribou greenstone belt of northern Ontario, which hosts the Musselwhite gold
mine. Eleven samples located 10-75 km from the mine site were collected from metasedimentary rocks adjacent to structures that may have promoted hydrothermal fluid flow. Zircon rim material is commonly characterized by decreased Th/U concentrations (up to an order of magnitude), as well as generally
possessing concordant ages. Rim ages obtained via this technique range from 2788-2703 Ma, up to 250 m.y. younger than zircon cores. The timing of zircon rim recrystallization overlaps with the timing of potassic alteration in the surrounding plutons, as well as regional gold mineralization in the
North Caribou Superterrane. These zircon rims may represent the timing and potential distribution of Au-bearing fluids within and regional to the Musselwhite deposit.
Geology of the banded iron formation-hosted Meadowbank gold deposit, Churchill Province, Nunavut
Authors: Janvier V , Castonguay S , Mercier-Langevin P , Dubé B , Malo M , McNicoll V J , Creaser R
A , de Chavigny B , Pehrsson S
J
Published: March 2017

The Meadowbank gold deposit is hosted in ca. 2711 Ma banded iron formation (BIF) successions within the polydeformed and metamorphosed Woodburn Lake Group. This volcano-sedimentary sequence comprises several similar BIF successions of which only one contains
economical gold mineralization. Deposit host rocks consist of greenschist- to amphibolite-facies, intermediate to felsic volcaniclastic rocks, mafic and ultramafic rocks, quartzite and BIF. Notwithstanding cryptic and strongly overprinted Archean tectonism, four phases of Proterozoic Trans-Hudsonian
deformation have been regionally documented. In the Meadowbank deposit area, several generations of structures are recognized: 1) isoclinal F1 folds and D1 faults strongly overprinted by 2) south-trending isoclinal F2a folds and associated D2 fault zones that cut mineralized zones. Late D2
deformation consists of north-trending gentle F2b folds, 3) open to closed southwest- plunging megascopic F3 folds, and 4) south-verging shallowly to moderately inclined, open to tight, chevron-style F4 folds.
The bulk of the gold is hosted in BIF and is associated with pyrrhotite +-pyrite and traces of chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. Gold-rich quartz-pyrrhotite +-pyrite veins cut intercalated intermediate to felsic volcaniclastic rocks. The ore-associated mineral assemblage includes grunerite and
chlorite within BIF, whereas muscovite, chlorite, and pyrite represent the dominant mineral assemblage of altered volcaniclastic rocks. Biotite, Fe-Mg amphibole, and garnet occur in variable modal abundance in the southern part of the deposit, where metamorphic grade is higher.
Crosscutting relationships suggest that most of the gold was preferentially introduced along D1 faults and was likely remobilized during D2 deformation, especially along sheared contacts and F2a fold limbs. Deposit- and regional-scale lithogeochemistry coupled with new U-Pb zircon ages indicate that
the Meadowbank deposit is located at or near the boundary between two distinct lithological assemblages (2711 Ma and 2717 Ma), which are separated by long-lived fault zones that potentially controlled the occurrence and geometry of the Meadowbank deposit.
A global database of gold deposits: quantification of multi-element ore signatures
Authors: Grunsky E C , Dubé B , Hagemann S , Brauhart C W
Published: March 2017

A new approach to characterizing and classifying mineral deposits based on whole-rock geochemistry is currently being developed jointly by the mineral exploration industry, the University of Western Australia, and the Geological Survey of Canada.
Based on 24 elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Re, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, In, Tl, Pb, Hg, As, Sb, Bi, Te, Mo, W, Sn, La, U), a centred log-ratio transformation is used for representative samples of mineral deposits. Success of this approach requires the use of rigorous analytical protocols that have also
been established for this project.
A component of this project is focused on the development of a statistical classification approach to cataloguing ore deposit styles. Research done to date, shows that this methodology has successfully identified a wide range of mineral deposit types including porphyry, lode gold, PGE, skarn,
sedimentary rock-hosted massive sulphides, volcanic-hosted massive sulphides and Mississippi-type lead-zinc deposits. This contribution focuses solely on gold deposits.
Geochemical data of unknown metallogenic affinities can be classified and existing classifications can be enhanced/re-defined. The results indicate that trends and differences of a spectrum of gold deposits can be successfully classified using statistical methodologies and metrics for expressing ore
chemistry. In conjunction with geological knowledge, this database and associated methodologies will enhance the recognition and classification of a range of lode gold deposit types and could be useful in both greenfields and brownfields exploration programs.
Foreword
Authors: Williamson M -C
Published: March 2017

Foreword
The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program1 is laying the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North. The Program provides modern public geoscience that will set the stage for long-term decision making related to investment in responsible resource development. Geoscience
knowledge produced by GEM supports evidence-based exploration for new energy and mineral resources and enables northern communities to make informed decisions about their land, economy and society. Building upon the success of its first five-years, GEM has been renewed until 2020 to continue
producing new, publically available, regional-scale geoscience knowledge in Canada's North.
During the summer 2015, the GEM program has successfully carried out 17 research activities that include geological, geochemical and geophysical surveying. These activities have been undertaken in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia
and the private sector. GEM will continue to work with these key collaborators as the program advances.
HALIP intrusions, contact metamorphism, and incipient diapirism of gypsum-carbonate sequences
Authors: Bédard J H , Troll V , Deegan F
Published: March 2017

As part of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) GEM2 project, five sets of HALIP-related intrusions and wallrocks were sampled for a regional-scale study of geochemical signatures indicative of PGE-Ni exploration potential. Investigation of a bedded
gypsum-carbonate sequence revealed possible incipient diapiric structures with a wavelength of ~100 m and an amplitude of ~40 m. Incipient diapiric mass flow appears to be the result of a diagenetic (?) reaction between the two lithologies that generate large amounts of gas or fluid that
brecciate wall rocks (decreasing strength) and increase volume (generating buoyancy). Several sample sections were collected through an oil-shale adjacent to a sill to better constrain the impact of HALIP intrusions on the basin's oil and gas potential, to quantify the volumes and species of
environmentally significant gas species expelled, and to determine the impact of shale assimilation on magma chemistry and possible sulphide immiscibility.
Collaborative bedrock mapping of White Glacier basin, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut
Authors: Thomson L , Copland L
Published: March 2017

This article outlines a collaborative project in development involving participants in the GEM 2 HALIP Activity and the Laboratory for Cryospheric Research, University of Ottawa. Glaciological research in the vicinity of White Glacier, Expedition Fiord, has
recently involved the combined use of Structure from Motion photogrammetry methods and ultra-high resolution GigaPan© images to study landscape evolution. Here we propose to apply these techniques to generate a detailed geological map of the area centred on the Between Lake massive sulphide
showing. The requirements include (a) sufficient camera resolution, (b) the availability of high-resolution satellite imagery, and (c) ground-based measurements using differential GPS systems. A 4-step approach is proposed that involves limited helicopter survey work to establish ground-control
markers; the acquisition of high-resolution, spectrally-rich satellite images such as SPOT6 or WorldView3; the use of panoramic photography using GigaPan©; and targeted sampling of ridges and nunataks to ground truth a preliminary remote predictive geological map. The requirements as well as
the mutual benefits to be gained in glaciological and geological research are discussed. For example, improved bedrock mapping could help to better delineate the extent of the massive sulphide deposit, and improve understanding of controls on the subglacial hydrology and basal motion of White
Glacier.