bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplifying the ratification process of international treaties in the Indonesian legal system: Fast-track legislation as an efficient option
Authors: Setiadi Wicipto , Nasution Ali Imran , Syahuri Taufiqurrohman , Bakhtiar Handar Subhandi , Fauzan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The study provides conceptual ideas about the role of the House of Representatives in approving the ratification of international treaties and analyzes how the concept of applying fast-track legislation to the ratification of international treaties works. The research is conducted as normative juridical by using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that the House of Representatives is excluded from the negotiation process of international agreements delivered by the State’s delegates, making it vulnerable to having agreements overturned by the House of Representatives when they do not approve them. The processes of forming inter-ministerial and/or inter-non-ministerial committees, holding meetings of these committees, harmonizing, finalizing, and solidifying concepts are unavailing in drafting laws to ratify international treaties, as the government has already finalized the substance of the international treaty during the negotiation. This study is expected to serve as reference material and part of the consideration for stakeholders to develop better regulations regarding the international ratification law-making process in the national legal system. This research is expected to be useful in terms of the practice of international treaty formation in Indonesia and to simplify the process.
Enhancement of a SWIPT Based Amplify and Forward Cooperative Relaying Protocol for Wireless Communication System
Authors: Ojo Festus Kehinde , Akintoye Nafiu Olayiwola , Ojo Samson Iyanda , Oyedokun Oluwatobi Omolola
Published: February 2025

Communication through unbounded environment known as Wireless Communication (WC) undergoing rapid expansion driven by the escalating demand for its services. However, WC system is subjected to severe multipath propagation due to obstruction in the medium of transmission thereby resulting in signal fading that degrades system performance. SWIPT based Amplify and Forward (AF) relaying protocol previously used in addressing signal fading is characterized with poor performance due to noise amplification. Hence, this paper, enhanced a SWIPT based AF relaying technique for WC system using angular beamforming at the source and spectral subtraction at the relay node. The transmitting signal at the source was beamformed using angular beamforming technique at varying angles of  and . The received signal was made to pass through Power Splitter (PS) energy harvester where the signal power  was splited into two fractions,  and . The first fraction that is , was used for energy harvesting by making it to pass through energy harvester device to scavenge energy and store in the power storage. The remaining fraction that is, , was made to pass through spectral subtraction and amplify using relay gain before forwarded to the destination during second hop transmission. The enhanced technique's performance was assessed using BER and TP, comparing it to the existing SWIPT-based AF relaying technique. The enhanced SWIPT based AF gave better performance with reduce BER and improve TP which justify the reduction of amplify noise in the propose technique. The proposed technique can be integrated into wireless communication systems to improve their overall performance.
Pengoptimalan Spasial Skill dan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Siswa SDIT Al-Kautsar Kebonduren Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar, Jawa Timur, melalui Batik Ecoprint Berbasis Pola Spasial
Authors: Sonia Musdalifah Putri , Wardhani Indah Setyo , Rahmawati Ika Dian , Pamungkas Bian Dwi
Published: February 2025

Pelatihan pembuatan batik ecoprint ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan minimnya pengembangan keterampilan spasial dan jiwa kewirausahaan siswa SD Islam Terpadu Al Kautsar yang terletak di Jl. Onggoleksono No.01 RT.02 RW.05 Desa Kebonduren, Kec. Ponggok, Kabupaten Blitar. Selain itu juga untuk memberikan wawasan, melatih, dan mendampingi siswa selama proses pembuatan batik ecoprint. Subjek pelatihan ini adalah 60 siswa SDIT Al Kautsar yang terdiri dari kelas 3, 4, dan 5. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan. Tahap pertama adalah tahap persiapan yaitu menyiapkan alat dan bahan untuk pembuatan pola batik eco print berupa totebag yang sudah di mordan, palu kayu, plastik, daun-daunan. Tahap kedua adalah tahap pelaksanaan yaitu pembuatan pola batik ecoprint mulai dari memperkenalkan ecoprint hingga pengaturan komposisi dan pola daun pada kain. Tahap ketiga yaitu evaluasi kegiatan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan materi yaitu ceramah dan tanya jawab sedangkan metode untuk memperkenalkan teknik ecoprint menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan praktik. Hasil dari kegiatan pelatihan ini yaitu siswa lebih paham dan menguasai keterampilan spasial beserta kewirausahaan. Setiap batik ecoprint yang sudah dibuat oleh siswa memiliki motif yang unik, mencerminkan kreativitas masing-masing siswa dalam menggunakan keterampilan spasial.
Penumbuhan Spasial Skill dan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Siswa SDIT Al-Kautsar Kebonduren, Ponggok, Kabupaten Blitar, Jawa Timur melalui Pelatihan Pengasinan Telur Bebek
Authors: Putri Maulidia Indah Mega , Wardhani Indah Setyo , Rahmawati Ika Dian , Pamungkas Bian Dwi
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan spatial skill dan jiwa kewirausahaan siswa SDIT Al Kautsar Kebonduren, Kecamatan Ponggok, Kabupaten Blitar. Pelaksanaan kegiatan melibatkan siswa SDIT Al Kautsar khususnya kelas 3, 4, dan 5 dengan jumlah partisipan 60 siswa. Tahapan metode pelaksanaan kegiatan terdiri dari tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap evaluasi. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa spatial skills dan jiwa kewirausahaan siswa belum optimal. Hal ini karena siswa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan bangun datar dan bangun ruang, siswa kesulitan memandang obyek dalam orientasi tertentu, dan jiwa kewirausahaan siswa masih rendah, yaitu siswa mudah menyerah dan kurang berani dalam mengemukakan pendapat. Berdasarkan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilakukan di SDIT Al Kautsar, kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu kegiatan pelatihan yang telah dilaksanakan mampu menumbuhkan spatial skill dan jiwa kewirausahaan dalam diri siswa melalui pelatihan pengasinan telur bebek. Berdasarkan evaluasi kegiatan, siswa dan dewan guru menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan. Pelatihan ini diadakan bukan hanya untuk mengajarkan keterampilan anak dalam melakukan pengasinan telur bebek, tetapi juga dapat mengaitkan teori-teori yang telah dipelajari dikelas dengan praktik nyata sehingga membuat pembelajaran jauh lebih bermakna dan kontekstual. Selain itu, siswa dapat dibekali keterampilan kewirausahaan dan spatial skill yang berguna dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Introduction Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease through Analysis High-throughput Sequencing Using R Packages
Authors: Yu Fuyang
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disease, accounts for 80% in dementia, especially in the elderly people aged 65 years and above. Nowadays, with the acceleration of the population ageing, the incidence will continue to increase in the absence of new effective pathological interventional strategy, especially in developing countries. The high-throughput sequencing technologies and the integrated algorithms employed to discover more biomarkers and risk genes, such as APOE4, TREM2 and WWTR. This review mainly summarizes the new AD risk genes, marker molecules for diagnosis and targeting treatment using high-throughput sequencing technology and R language algorithm in recent years, which is conducive to the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and pathological progress of AD, and provides new ideas and directions for the early diagnosis, intervention and treatment of AD, eventually improves patient quality of life, reduces medical expenses and social burden.
The Prospect and Challenges of Therapeutic Vaccines for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jiang Mufei
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s Disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, still poses many problems in treatment, such as the side effects of medications and the lack of therapies for Parkinson’s Disease’s non-motor symptoms. This review discusses a novel measure of coping with the disease—the use of therapeutic vaccines to direct toward alpha-synuclein, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s Disease. This review will primarily discuss UB-312, which had undergone a carefully conducted clinical trial, as an example of the therapeutic vaccines. The clinical trial demonstrated that UB-312 could elicit robust immune responses while being safe and well tolerated, suggesting a great potential for therapeutic vaccines in Parkinson’s Disease treatment.
Comparison of Traditional Treatments and Therapeutic Vaccines for Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Anjun
Published: February 2025

One prevalent malignant tumor that poses a major risk to women's health is breast cancer. In addition, breast cancer is also one of the main causes of female mortality. Despite this, most breast cancer still uses traditional treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. Although traditional treatment can control the disease process, there are a series of problems and limitations. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapies to improve the prognosis and the standard of living for those with breast cancer. Immunotherapy, as an innovative method of treatment, is receiving increasing attention. Cancer immunotherapy works by using the immune system's defenses to stop cancer from spreading and eradicate cancerous cells. Therapeutic vaccines are a highly anticipated immunotherapy. The unique advantages of therapeutic vaccines may become one of the main directions for cancer treatment. However, there are still many problems and challenges with cancer therapeutic vaccines at present. This review aims to discuss the advantages and research progress of therapeutic vaccines for breast cancer and discuss the potential and challenges of vaccines in the treatment of breast cancer. It aims to provide reference and guidance for further research on therapeutic vaccines against breast cancer.
Research of Implantable Nerve Electrodes for Neuroregulation
Authors: Liang Zichuang
Published: February 2025

The deep integration of human brain and computer through continuous high-throughput information interaction is an important development vision in the field of neural engineering. Brain-computer fusion technology can not only greatly improve the therapeutic effect of patients with various diseases such as motor disability, mental illness, sensory and perceptual impairment, but also directly transmit the massive information stored in the electronic computer system and high-speed numerical computing power to the human brain, thus giving individuals "super powers". The implantable neural electrode array is an indispensable interface device for developing a wideband brain-computer integrated intelligent system. On the one hand, the implantable electrode array can simultaneously ensure the precise time and waveform of neuronal action potential in a large range and with high precision, laying a solid foundation for fully extracting neural information and interpreting the activity of the brain neural network. On the other hand, by using implantable electrode arrays to write information to neurons with high spatial and temporal precision, not only can new information be directly introduced into the brain, but also may change the abnormal neural network activity of patients with neuropsychiatric diseases (such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and major depression), so as to alleviate symptoms or treat diseases.
Current progress of immunotherapy in cancer treatment
Authors: Yu Huijun
Published: February 2025

Currently, cancer is the second cause of death in the world. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for every 100,000 people, 403 new cancer cases were reported and 144 people died of cancer in 2021. Nowadays, besides chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and genetic therapy which have been common treatments for cancer in clinic, scientists have kept developing other strategies to fight against cancer. One innovative and critical approach is immunotherapy. Tumor immunotherapy is a treatment method that induces the body to produce tumor-specific immune responses in an active or passive way, and exerts its function of inhibiting and killing tumor cells. Among them, immunotherapy designed to elicit or enhance the immune response is called activation immunotherapies, while reducing or suppressing the immune response is suppression immunotherapies. Immunotherapy, disparate with other therapies, depends on patients’ immune systems, improving the anti-tumor ability of patients’ immune cells. Nowadays, there are five main types of immunotherapy: molecularly targeted therapy; immune checkpoint blockers or inhibitors; cytokine therapy, and cancer vaccines. Despite the significant progress immunotherapy achieved in cancer treatment, still, it faces a huge challenge in application. This review introduces the pathogenesis of cancer and the function mechanism of immunotherapy, as well as introduces several different available immunotherapies, and the improved strategies of immunotherapy and other therapies.
Wearable Devices and The Energy Supply of It
Authors: Wang Zimo
Published: February 2025

This paper mainly focuses on two perspectives. The first part is about the principle of some popular optical biosensors (oximeter and heart rate sensor). Next part is about the possible solution for wearable devices’ energy supply. In today's era, wearable devices already have many very perfect functions, such as a series of health detection such as heart rate detection. However, due to the limited size, the power supply of wearable devices has been a problem. The reasons why I come up with this device is that wearable devices are attached to our body, like smart watches. Every time when I start walking or doing the sports, I feel like my body is burning. This may be exaggerated, but this feeling is true. The human body is a wonderful structure that has a microelectronic system within it. So far, there are several devices that can extract excess energy from the body and convert it into thermoelectricity.
Intro Advancements in Haptic Biosensing: Fundamental Principles and Applications
Authors: Fang Xin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the field of tactile sensors has seen remarkable advancements, particularly in bio-tactile sensors, known for their high performance, cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing, and rapid response times. These advancements have made bio-tactile sensors increasingly essential in various aspects of daily life, especially in human-interactive systems, wearable technologies, and minimally invasive surgical procedures. In biomedical engineering, research into bio-tactile sensors has become a critical component, significantly enhancing medical care and everyday convenience. Their applications, though already diverse, continue to expand. This technology is under continuous development, set to play an even more prominent role in the future technological landscape. The ongoing evolution of bio-tactile sensors underscores their growing potential in enhancing human-machine interfaces, contributing to medical diagnostics and treatment, and enabling more responsive, adaptive technologies across a wide range of applications. This paradigm shift indicates a growing recognition of the importance of integrating sensitive, responsive touch-based technologies in various fields, from robotics to healthcare.
Research on Issues in the Stone Crushing Workshop of LB Company Based on Human Factors Engineering
Authors: Qi Wenyu , Yang Ying
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a systematic study of the operational environment in the stone crushing workshop of LB Company in northern China, based on principles of human factors engineering. The study first identified key environmental issues within the workshop through a combination of field measurements and questionnaire surveys. These issues included excessive noise levels, elevated dust concentrations, inadequate lighting, and a lack of temperature and humidity control. Such environmental factors have a significant adverse impact on employee health and work efficiency. In particular, the high noise levels, dust pollution, poor lighting, and unfavorable microclimate conditions in the workshop are conducive to worker fatigue, respiratory diseases, and other health problems. Based on the findings, improvement standards were established for environmental factors such as noise, dust, lighting, and temperature and humidity control in the crushing workshop. Drawing on human factors engineering principles, proposed improvements include noise source isolation, dust control, lighting optimization, and climate regulation, all aimed at enhancing employee health and work comfort. The study demonstrates that a systematic human factors engineering approach can significantly improve the environmental quality in stone crushing workshops, providing effective theoretical support and practical reference for industries such as stone crushing and mineral processing.
Combined nanotechnology with monoclonal antibody drugs for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Fan Wenqing
Published: February 2025

Cancer, a genetic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread, remains a major global health challenge, with its complexity lying in the myriad ways it can manifest and resist treatment. It is marked by the accumulation of mutations that lead to genomic instability, contributing to its lethality and the difficulty in treatment. Epidemiologically, cancer constitutes a significant burden worldwide, being a leading cause of death. The International Agency for Research on Cancer projects a relentless increase in cancer incidence and mortality, underscoring the urgent need for more effective treatment modalities. Among the therapeutic strategies, immunotherapy, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), has emerged as a revolutionary approach, exploiting the immune system's inherent ability to combat cancer. This review also elucidates the mechanisms through which mAbs target cancer cells. The core of the article highlights the innovative merger of mAbs with nanotechnology, showcasing how this combination aims to surmount the limitations of current therapies by improving drug delivery, reducing side effects, and enhancing treatment efficacy. By leveraging nanocarriers like gold and albumin nanoparticles, this integrated approach holds promise for more personalized, effective, and safer cancer treatments, marking a significant stride towards better patient outcomes in the ongoing battle against cancer. This review article provides an exploration into the evolving landscape of cancer treatment, focusing on the advancements in monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and their synergistic integration with nanotechnology.
Role of CAR-T-Based Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Yinuo
Published: February 2025

Liver cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors worldwide, with a high rate of morbidity and death. The intricacy and variety of liver cancer mean that while there are an increasing number of therapeutic options—such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, etc.—the effectiveness of these approaches is not always optimal. This is despite advances in medical technology. A low long-term survival rate and the possibility of metastasis and recurrence persist for many individuals following therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has great potential for application in liver cancer treatment due to its highly targeted nature, potent and long-lasting anti-tumor effects, and high degree of personalization. In this paper, the basic structure and mechanism of action of CAR-T are firstly introduced. Then, it summarizes the application of CAR-T therapy in liver cancer by targeting different targets in liver cancer, such as Glypican-3 (GPC3), Recombinant Mucin 1 (MUC1), and NKG2D, respectively. Finally, the limitations of current CAR-T therapies and future research directions are discussed.
Research on the Impact of Rural Energy Transition in China Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Liao Yulian
Published: February 2025

Rural energy is an important component of China's energy system, and promoting the green transformation and development of rural energy plays an important strategic role in improving the national green, low-carbon and circular development economic system and helping to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Considering the complexity and dynamism of rural energy transformation, this article establishes a system dynamics model for rural energy transformation in China, which includes three subsystems: energy, socio-economic, and environmental. The energy subsystem is divided into two sub modules: renewable energy and traditional energy substitution. The changes in the energy, socio-economic, and environmental subsystems under the background of rural energy transformation in China from 2010 to 2030 are simulated, and the development of rural energy and the impact of rural energy transformation are predicted and analyzed. last. Using scenario analysis to test the effectiveness of different rural energy measures. The results show that: (1) The total energy supply in rural areas of China is showing a trend of "first increasing and then decreasing", and the energy structure is undergoing significant changes. Biogas, solar energy, and renewable electricity are gradually replacing traditional energy sources such as coal, straw, and firewood, effectively improving rural energy utilization efficiency; (2) The overall development prospects of solar energy are better than biogas, and it will continue to grow from 2020 to 2030. The development of biogas is facing a transformation scenario. Household biogas is gradually being abandoned by rural residents due to various reasons such as urbanization, intensive agriculture, and raw material shortages. With strong policy support, biogas engineering will develop rapidly. (3) The substitution of renewable energy for traditional energy has outstanding contributions to reducing CO2, SO2, NOx, and PM2.5 emissions, and can improve the ecological environment in rural areas; (4) The development of renewable energy in rural areas can broaden the income channels of rural residents, provide more job opportunities, and at the same time, the development of biogas can provide high-quality organic fertilizers for agriculture, treat agricultural waste, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China. These pieces of information are of great significance for China's future low-carbon energy transformation and will provide recommendations for policy-making.
CAR-T cell therapy in treating advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Tang Angelina Belle
Published: February 2025

Prostate cancer (PCa), a common cancer among older men, poses unique issues due to its slow progression and limited therapeutic choices for advanced stages. Since standard medicines such as chemotherapy and radiation have limited efficacy, it is in urgent need to develop novel therapies. CAR-T cell treatment modifies patients' T cells to produce chimeric antigen receptors that target certain antigens expressed on cancer cells, thereby enhancing the immune system's ability to identify and eliminate malignant cells. Targets for CAR-T cell therapy in prostate cancer include PSCA, PSMA, and EpCAM. Numerous studies have been conducted on PSMA, which is overexpressed in PCa cells. CAR-T cells that target PSMA have shown encouraging results in preclinical and clinical trials. Similarly, PSCA and EpCAM are promising targets for CAR-T cell therapy, with continuing research focused on improving their efficacy and safety profiles. The evolution of CAR-T cell therapy, spanning multiple generations, reflects continual efforts to enhance therapeutic outcomes. From first-generation CAR-T cells lacking co-stimulatory signals to advanced fourth and fifth-generation CAR-T cells equipped with additional functionalities like cytokine secretion, each iteration represents a progression towards improved efficacy and safety. However, optimizing CAR-T cell design, managing side effects, and identifying appropriate antigen targets still need to be addressed to realize the full promise of CAR-T cell therapy in PCa treatment. This review introduces the mechanisms, structures, evolution, and uses of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of PCa and discusses its great potential as a transformative cancer treatment strategy.
Improving Human Attention through EEG-based Neurofeedback under Different Levels of Attention
Authors: Fan Peiqi
Published: February 2025

As is well known, human cognitive ability affects all aspects of their lives, such as their learning and understanding abilities, as well as their efficiency in dealing with problems. Human’s cognitive ability are significantly influenced by their attention level. To improve human’s cognitive perform in daily life, we do a research to find out the relationship between human’s attention level and their neurofeedback mechanism. Moreover, we use EEG function and some EEG-based study to prove this association. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of electroencephalogram based neural feedback in improving human attention levels under different attention needs. We collect EEG data through the internet to analyze the brain activity patterns related to attention and explore experimental methods for the relationship between EEG and attention. Our research findings indicate that neural feedback can effectively improve attention levels, especially under conditions of high attention demands. This improvement is evident in both behavioral measurement and EEG data, indicating a direct correlation between brain activity and attentional performance. These results are of great significance for the development of cognitive enhancement technologies and interventions aimed at improving attention abilities in various environments, including education, workplace, clinical settings, and so on.
Applications of CRISPR in the Detection of Ebola Virus
Authors: Sun Yue , Wang Zichen , Xue Yuyang
Published: February 2025

Through the rapid development of the Internet today, people learned about viruses such as Ebola virus. Ebola virus has brought serious harm to human society. Different tests have been developed to detect the virus and provide assurance for its diagnosis and treatment, such as CRISPR technology. To this end, this research will analyze how this technology enables virus detection, and further understand the advantage and drawback of using CRISPR to detect Ebola virus. Studies have found that the use of CRISPR-Cas13a technology has the characteristics that other detection do not have, such as techniques of fast, no amplification, and sensitivity, but at the same time, it may also have the disadvantages of false positives in the detection. CRISPR tests for Ebola virus do better than harm. But because Ebola virus is an infectious virus with a very high fatality rate, detection techniques still need to be optimized, as soon as possible to find a better method or technology to detect Ebola virus.
The Role of Meaningful Work and Employee Well-being on Employee Experience: Moderation by Employee Autonomy - Literature Review
Authors: Pereira Edigar Filipe , Miswanto Miswanto , Biyanto Frasto , Siregar Baldric , Soares Anacleto Roberto Carolina , Pereira Filipe Mendes
Published: February 2025

This study examines the moderating effect of employee autonomy on the relationship between meaningful work and employee well-being in the context of employee experience. A literature review was used, combined with meta-analysis, to examine 95 publications from Scopus-indexed journals published between 2014 and 2023. The findings indicate that employee autonomy significantly moderates the relationship between meaningful work and employee well-being, which positively influences employee experience. In addition, employee well-being is identified as the most substantial factor affecting employee experience, followed by employee autonomy and meaningful work. This study emphasizes the importance of organizations providing autonomy to employees to improve their overall well-being and work experience. Theoretical and practical implications are emphasized for human resource management, especially in formulating policies that enhance employee engagement through meaningful work and empowerment. Future studies should investigate moderating factors, including organizational culture and leadership style, in more depth.
Optimizing fly ash and rice husk ash as cement replacements on the mechani-cal characteristics of pervious concrete
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, SriLanka., Sathiparan Navaratnarajah , Niruban Subramaniam Daniel ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, SriLanka.
Published: February 2025

Replacing cement with fillers while being environment-friendly contributes to the performance enhancement of conventional concrete. In the investiga-tion, nine batches of concrete mix were prepared with different amounts of cement, fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA). This experiment investigated the consequence of substituting cement with FA at various water-to-binder (W/B) proportions. The FA content was ranged from 5% to 20% of cement by weight, and the W/B ratio was adjusted to 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, and 0.45. Further-more, for 10% cement replacement, FA and RHA combination of 10:0, 7.5:2.5, 5:5, 2.5:7.5 and 0:10 by weight were used. When FA alone was used as cement replacement, the optimal mix achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 31.33 MPa at a W/B ratio 0.40 with 10% FA. Moreover, incorpo-rating FA and RHA resulted in a cost reduction of approximately 15% per cubic meter of concrete and a decrease in CO₂ emissions by 20% compared to conventional concrete production. The findings demonstrate that FA and RHA can be effectively combined to manufacture pervious concrete that enhances performance, reduces costs, and minimizes environmental pollu-tants.
High performance synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete mixed with nanoparticles: A proof-of-concept green railway sleeper product
Authors:   School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80161, Thailand, Leelatanon Satjapan , Setkit Monthian , Imjai Thanongsak ,   School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80161, Thailand, Ghorbel Elhem ,   University of Cergy Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville, Oise, 95031, France, Kim Boksun ,   School of Engineering, Computing & Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the effects of nanoparticles and fibers on the durability and microstructural properties of mortar and concrete, aiming to create a high-performance railway sleeper product as an alternative sustainable material in the market. In the Phase 1, the main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of nanoparticles, such as nano alumina (NA) and nano silica (NS), at 1%, 3%, and 5% additions, along with rice husk ash (RHA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in terms of strength and durability performance. To further enhance structural integrity, the study incorporates fibers such as polypropylene fiber (PPF) and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) at a constant volume fraction of 0.5%. The hybridization of NA and NS with PPF and PVA fibers was developed and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) analysis. The mechanical property tests revealed that hybrid nanoparticles enhanced compressive strength by 15% compared to control and mono nanoparticle composites. Durability tests, including water absorption, rapid chloride penetration, and water penetration, showed that adding 5% hybrid nanoparticles and 0.5% fibers resulted in high strength (17.81%) and significant pre refinement. In Phase 2, a proof-of-concept green railway sleeper was developed using 100% recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and the hybrid fibers from Phase 1, demonstrating enhanced mechanical properties and durability. Additionally, finite element crack analysis using Abaqus® software provided an in-depth understanding of sleeper performance, revealing improved crack resistance under operational fatigue loading and reduced maintenance costs. This innovative approach showcases a sustainable product with superior performance, addressing both environmental and structural challenges in railway infrastructure.
Penggunaan Teknologi Augmented Dengan Pendekatan Studi Eksploratif Reality dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Arisanti Fifi , Sulthon Habiby Jawwad , Muttaqin Muhammad ‘Azam
Published: February 2025

Studi ini mengeksplorasi penggunaan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) dalam konteks pendidikan anak usia dini. Penelitian dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana AR dapat diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan keterlibatan anak-anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksploratif dengan fokus pada pengalaman guru, respon anak, serta tantangan dan peluang implementasi AR di kelas-kelas PAUD. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan guru dan observasi langsung terhadap aktivitas belajar anak-anak menggunakan AR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan AR dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak-anak dan memfasilitasi pemahaman mereka terhadap konsep-konsep abstrak. Namun, implementasi AR juga menghadapi sejumlah tantangan seperti keterbatasan teknis dan kurangnya pelatihan bagi guru. Implikasi penelitian ini mencakup rekomendasi bagi pendidik dan pengembang kurikulum dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi AR secara efektif dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini.
Pelaksanaan Evaluasi Pembelajaran pada Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Merdeka di RA Fatun Qorib Banda Aceh
Authors: Fitriya JF
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran pada Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Merdeka di RA Fatun Qorib. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya perbedaan pendekatan dan penekanan dalam evaluasi pembelajaran antara kedua kurikulum tersebut. Kurikulum 2013 lebih menekankan pada penilaian berbasis kompetensi, sementara Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan kebebasan yang lebih besar kepada pendidik dalam memilih metode evaluasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif . Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dan dokumentasi untuk memahami bagaimana evaluasi pembelajaran diterapkan dalam dua kurikulum yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurikulum 2013, evaluasi lebih berfokus pada aspek kognitif dengan penilaian berbasis kompetensi. Sementara itu, Kurikulum Merdeka menekankan evaluasi yang lebih fleksibel, berpusat pada siswa, dan lebih menghargai perkembangan individu serta kreativitas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan evaluasi pembelajaran pada kedua kurikulum memiliki kelebihan dan tantangan masing-masing, dan penting bagi para pendidik untuk dapat menyesuaikan metode evaluasi dengan kebutuhan siswa.
Konsep Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru dalam Pendekatan Pendidikan Akhlak
Authors: Mauliyah Anita , Wiluntari Peni
Published: February 2025

Kompetensi kepribadian guru merupakan ujung tombak dalam sebuah pendidikan, bahkan dalam    Islam kompetensi terutama bagi seorang guru merupakan suatu hal yang yang sangat strategis. Islam memandang bahwa guru mengemban amanah demi mewujudkan peserta didik mampu menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Islam sehingga mencapai tingkat kemampuan diri dan sosial. Penelitian ini didasari pada keprihatinan penyusun dalam melihat kondisi problematika pendidikan baik di lembaga umum pada umumnya maupun lembaga islam pada khususnya. Oleh karena itu, dengan penelitian ini diharapkan penyusun dapat menganalisa   kompetensi kepribadian guru dalam perspektif pendidikan karakter sehingga dapat merumuskan karakter seorang pendidik yang baik sekaligus berdampak kepada siswa yang baik.
Penelitian tentang kompetensi pendidik memang sudah banyak, akan tetapi penelitian seputar yang fokus pada kepribadian masih sangat jarang ditemui terlebih aspek akhlak dan adab secara umum jarang diteliti di lembaga umum. Jadi, penelitian tentang kompetensi kepribadian yang diambil dari pendekatan akhlak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research dengan sumber primer  berupa  buku  akhlak karya ulama’-ulama’ aswaja dan buku-buku tentang studi kompetensi kepribadian guru dalam pendidikan Islam.
Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kompetensi kepribadian guru merupakan landasan utama yang menitikberatkan pada peran dan penerapan secara substansial. Kompetensi kepribadian seorang guru dalam kacamata akhlak dan adab serta tidak terletak pada kedudukan dan posisi sebagai guru, melainkan pada cara penyampaian yang baik, memberi contoh yang baik, tidak diskriminasi, tidak intervensi terhadap peserta didik serta menekankan pada aspek tauhid dan akhlak dalam proses pembelajaran. Berdasarkan content analysis dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi kepribadian guru yang Ideal hendaknya menghadirkan sudut pandang akhlaki dan spiritual, meliputi prinsip keragaman, musyawarah, keadilan, dan  kebebasan, yang kemudian dari prinsip-prinsip tersebut menghadirkan sebuah karakter peserta didik yang baik. Karakter Ideal yang disarikan dalam kajian tasawuf meliputi aspek perbaikan dirisecara jasmani dan rohani, serta bisa membangun kemanfaatan secara sosial. Dengan demikian terwujud seorang pendidik yang moderat, tidak fanatik dan menjunjung tinggi nilai keragaman dan kerukunan tanpa adanya intervensi dan diskriminasi dalam dunia pendidikan.
Eksplorasi Pengalaman Belajar Melalui Media Flashcard dalam Mengembangkan Daya Baca Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Maulana M. Rifqy , Wahyudi Mukhammad
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pengembangan kemampuan membaca sejak usia dini sebagai dasar untuk mendukung proses belajar di masa mendatang. Salah satu metode yang digunakan adalah media flashcard, yang dianggap mampu meningkatkan minat dan kemampuan membaca anak secara efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis pengalaman belajar membaca anak usia dini di TK Darussalam Wedoro Waru Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengalaman belajar membaca anak usia dini di TK Darussalam Wedoro Waru Sidoarjo melalui penggunaan media flashcard efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca. Pengalaman belajar tersebut diterapkan dalam tiga bentuk, yaitu pengalaman langsung, tidak langsung, dan melalui aktivitas tertentu. Penggunaan flashcard terbukti mampu meningkatkan pengenalan huruf dan kata, keterampilan membaca awal, kemampuan kognitif, serta motivasi belajar anak. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa flashcard merupakan media pembelajaran yang efektif untuk mengembangkan daya baca anak usia dini.
Impact and Growth in the Concert Industry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Linhui
Published: February 2025

The role of concerts as a crucial component of events is undeniable, especially in the post-epidemic age. As the concert business has grown significantly in recent years, its connections with participant engagement, destination management, and technology have garnered increased attention. This paper focuses on the systematic review method and combines the PRISMA model to collect existing literature on concerts and classify them. Following the PRISMA guidelines, which include four steps (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion), 56 papers were examined and categorised into three dimensions. At the same time, through the analysis of existing literature, it also points out new research directions that may appear in this field in the future, such as the dual role of technology, more diverse research methods and factors, environmental and social influence components, the difference between music festivals and concerts, and the operational analysis of the event itself. The purpose is to understand and analyze the current status of research in this industry and provide new directions for future development in research topics and methods.
The Impact of Socialization on Increasing High School Students Gender Stereotypes
Authors: Li Yuxuan
Published: February 2025

While stereotypes are a rigid system of beliefs held by society about certain groups of people, gender stereotypes are a particular type of these beliefs, whereby socio-culture assigns certain characteristics or values to individuals based on their biological sex. While many scholars have explored the development of gender stereotypes during the socialisation stage, few studies have focused on the specific factors that reinforce these stereotypes. This study analysed the factors that influence the reinforcement of gender stereotypes in high school students, including teachers, parents and peers, and the role these factors play in reinforcing gender stereotypes in high school students was analysed and explored in this study through a literature review. The analysis reveals that teachers, parents and peers have a role to play in reinforcing gender stereotypes among senior secondary school students, and based on this conclusion, a suitable method of investigation, i.e. a combination of questionnaire survey and non-participant observation, is proposed and designed to provide a direction of development and a tool for revealing the dynamics that lead to the persistence of gender stereotypes in the critical period of socialisation.
Study on the Problems and Integration of Intercultural Education Development in the Perspective of Globalisation of Education
Authors: Li Xinyi
Published: February 2025

In the wave of globalization, intercultural education is seen as a vital bridge linking diverse cultures, but its promotion is not without challenges. Despite its widely acknowledged importance, practical implementation faces several issues, including conflicts arising from cultural differences in classroom management, difficulties merging local and foreign cultural elements, and the education system's limited capacity to embrace multiculturalism fully. This article conducts an in-depth analysis of these problems and identifies, through research, that intercultural education can facilitate the international reform of education systems and significantly improve education quality. As a necessary direction for education in a globalized world, intercultural education is critical in cultivating individuals with global awareness and intercultural competencies. To this end, institutions must prioritize enhanced curriculum design and robust teacher training programs. This study also reveals that the implementation of intercultural education varies widely across regions, with noticeable disparities and imbalances. To address these challenges, the article introduces an innovative and inclusive education model aimed at overcoming cultural barriers, fostering global cultural coexistence, and charting a new course for the future of intercultural education.
Enhancing ESL Writing through Artificial Intelligence: Improving Linguistic Complexity and Integrated Skill Development
Authors: Nan Shijie
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the in-depth development of globalization, the importance of English as an international language has become increasingly prominent. However, those who learn English as a second language (ESL), often face challenges such as lack of language complexity and difficulty in improving their language and writing ability simultaneously. To solve this problem, this study focuses on applying artificial intelligence (AI) technology in ESL writing teaching. It discusses its potential to improve learners' language complexity and realize comprehensive ability development. Through a systematic review of existing research, this study analyzes the role of AI tools in ESL writing teaching. The research object is ESL learners, and the research data comes from academic literature in related fields. The theoretical framework includes language complexity definition and interactive feedback theory. The results show that artificial intelligence technology effectively improves learners' syntactic complexity and lexical diversity through personalized feedback and language template support. In addition, the mixed teaching mode combined with teacher guidance can optimize the learning effect and promote the common development of language ability and writing ability. The significance of this study is to provide theoretical support for ESL writing teaching and practical enlightenment for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of education. This achievement not only helps to enhance learners' academic and professional competitiveness but also promotes the innovative development of language teaching.
General Discussion of Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Education and the Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Education
Authors: Wang Qiushi
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, a series of different tools have come into sight of people. Currently, with the rapid development of science and technology, classes and schools are in great revolutions. Also, a series of high-tech tools with AI is integrating the region of education, in which the classes and teachers are facing great challenges in the aspect of stages, teaching approaches, etc. It is true that such tools help teachers as well as students enhance their working efficiency. However, Artificial intelligence also brings a series of troubles in the region of education like moral issues and cheating as well as over-reliance on technology when people are using them improperly. In this case, people need to bring some approaches into the application of Artificial Intelligence to guide people to apply Artificial Intelligence Properly. Therefore, educators should emphasize the norms of AI use, and learners should focus on strengthening academic self-discipline.
Innovation of TESOL Teaching Mode Based on Modern Technology
Authors: Ren Xiyao
Published: February 2025

Modern information technology provides TESOL teaching with rich resources and abundant tools, such as multimedia teaching software, online learning platforms etc., and thereby creating a more realistic, vivid and interactive environment for language learning. In terms of teaching approaches, personalized teaching can be achieved with the help of information technology. Teachers can innovate teaching plans and provide customized learning goals and strategies in accordance with every student's learning conditions; meanwhile, the ever-changing technology also provides the possibility for high cooperative learning to become a mainstream among students, allowing themselves to exchange perspectives with one another through online meetings, which is instructive to foster the enhancement of language proficiency and intercultural communication competence. Additionally, the transition of information technology leads to the alteration of the assessment approach of teaching. The innovation of TESOL teaching mode on the basis of modern information technology is conducive to promoting teaching effectiveness significantly, and thus cultivating more and more English teaching professionals with strong ability to innovate who are in line with the contemporary social demands. Nevertheless, challenges in cross-cultural understanding ought to be taken seriously. In response to the situation at present, the relevant theories and practices remain to be further explored and consummated.