bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on knowledge of breast feeding and effect of antenatal counseling on exclusive breast feeding in primigravida mothers
Authors: Tiwari Kamlesh , Savarna Neha , Khanam Ishmat
Published: July 2018

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age is very beneficial not only to baby and mothers, but also to the family, society and the whole nation. In spite of best efforts by various organizations at government and NGO levels, the counselling for breast feeding during ante natal period is almost an unaddressed arena, which if proper attention is given, may result in very high incidence of successful breast feeding.Methods: It is a hospital based prospective study. A total of 150 primiparous mothers (100 study group and 50 control group) were counselled during every antenatal checkup for exclusive breast feeding attending the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Vardhman Institute of Medical sciences, Pawapuri, Nalanda, Bihar from January 2015 to December 2016 and the outcome of counselling was observed during follow up in puerperium for 6 weeks.Results: Similar profile primiparous mothers in both study and control group, the mothers who were counselled on their antenatal visit for exclusive breast feeding, the success rate was much higher in counselled group than study group (p value 0.0001). It was also observed that the prior information about breast feeding were provided by electronic media, papers and family members and in this regard contribution of health system is minimal.Conclusions: Every obstetrician and other care givers must include routine care of breast and counselling on breast feeding during antenatal check up to enhance the confidence of primiparous mothers. A few extra minutes spared in counselling on breast feeding has a long-lasting effect on successful breast feeding during the post-natal period.
Unusual presentation of a case of ovarian endometrioma
Authors: Sutaria Rini Rajiv , Satia Meena Naresh , Badhwar V. R.
Published: July 2018

Ca-125 is a cell surface glycoprotein present in epithelial ovarian tumors. It is called as a biomarker because it provides information about the biological state of a disease. It is also considered a “tumor associated protein” because elevated CA 125 levels do not always indicate ovarian cancer. Pelvic inflammatory disease irritable bowel disease, tuberculosis pancreatitis and endometriosis can also increase the Ca125 levels in these benign conditions the Ca 125 levels are rarely markedly. Here authors report a case of ovarian endometrioma with markedly elevated levels of Ca 125 who was diagnosed as a case of ovarian malignancy due to presence of ascites and a large ovarian mass of 20x20 cm size arising from the pelvis.
Knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy among pharmacy students from Mumbai university
Authors: Limaye Dnyanesh , Deshpande Omkar , Gite Pratik , Chavan Sushil , Sydymanov Arlan , Limaye Vaidehi , Pitani Ravi Shankar , Sathe Sushama , Fortwengel Gerhard
Published: July 2018

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain that affects people worldwide. The overall prevalence (3.0-11.9 / 1,000) and incidence (0.2-0.6/1,000) of epilepsy in India are comparable to the rates of high-income countries. The high prevalence of negative attitudes towards epilepsy has been highlighted by several studies. Pharmacy students represent a better-educated section of society regarding drugs and have the potential to create awareness, and influence attitudes towards the disease. Thus, it is important that they have the appropriate and updated knowledge and appropriate attitude towards epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Objective of the present study was to determine the Mumbai University pharmacy student’s awareness about epilepsy, so as to know the kind of education and awareness strategies that would be applicable to them.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 213 agreed to participate (males: 107; females: 106). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: Response rate for this study was 85.2% (213/250). Ninety six percent (204/213) of the participants had heard or read about epilepsy. Overall knowledge was poor (40.2%) and attitude was fair (75.3%). None of the participants were aware about recent research regarding hereditary nature of epilepsy. Only 2 (0.98%) students were aware how to perform the first aid in epilepsy. Only 6.8% participants felt that epileptics should participate in sports.Conclusions: The findings of this study show that, even with extensive curriculum covering diseases, drugs and relevant laws of land, the knowledge and attitude scores were low. There is a need to have focused education and campaigns to increase the knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy.
Ectopic pregnancy at Soavinandriana hospital center, Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Randriamahavonjy Romuald , Rabarikoto Hary F. , Mahefarisoa Fy N. A. T. , Ratsiatosika Tanjona A. , Andrianampanalinarivo Hery R.
Published: July 2018

Background: In the first trimester pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy is the most life-threatening gynecological emergency. The aim of this study was to estimate the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of ectopic pregnancy in Antananarivo, Soavinandriana Hospital Center.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out among consecutive patients of ectopic pregnancy admitted from January 2014 to February 2016. All cases of diagnosed ectopic pregnancy admitted and managed in the gynecological ward were included in the study. These were reviewed and information was extracted regarding women characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, management and post-operative complications.Results: During this period, there were 41 ectopic pregnancies. The incidence was therefore 20/1000 births. The mean age was 32,26years. The peak age of incidence was the 30-39 years age group. Nulliparous were the most sufferers. The commonest risk factors identified were previous genital infection. (n=17; 41,46%) previous induced abortions (n=15; 36,58%) and the age ≥35 years old (n =16; 39,02%). Twenty seven patients (n=11) did not have a quantitative measurement of the β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). Pelvic ultrasound (transabdominal) was performed on all patients. The majority of patients had a laparotomy (n=35, 85,36%). Tubal pregnancies were noted in 90% (n=37) cases.Conclusions: Health educations on early presentation in hospitals are expected to reduce the incidence of EP and the consequent loss of reproductive potential. The majority of risk factors we identified can be early detected and treated.
Role of p63 expression in non-proliferative and proliferative lesions of breast
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Sharma Bhavna , Singh Preeti , Sharma S. P. , Rathi Monika , Raj Dheeraj
Published: July 2018

Background: Breast lump among females, is a fairly common complaint. Breast lump have a variety of etiologies ranging from inflammatory to benign to malignant lesions. Myoepithelial markers are useful in helping to distinguish invasive carcinoma from benign proliferations with a similar morphological appearance, benign proliferative lesions and most pre-invasive lesions with an intact myoepithelium. Invasive carcinomas lack the myoepithelial cell layer that normally surrounds benign breast glands. p63 antibody is a myoepithelial cell marker that selectively stains nuclei. Also, it is negative in stromal, myofibroblastic and adipocytic cells. This makes p63 more specific and superior to other myoepithelial markers.Methods: The present study was done on a total of 151 cases of breast diseases, received in the form of core biopsy, tru cut biopsy, lumpectomy, and mastectomy specimens. Clinical history and examination findings of the patients were collected in all the cases. All specimens were routinely processed and stained with haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stain and only 50 cases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for p63.Results: Out of total 151 cases, 09 were inadequate for evaluation, 96 cases benign and 46 malignant. In benign category, fibroadenoma was most common and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (NOS) was the most common in malignant category. Mean size of benign tumors was found to be less than that of malignant tumors. All malignant cases were negative for p63 expression. In the benign category, 88.6% cases showed positive expression for p63 while 11.4% were negative. Among the benign category, non-proliferative lesions were continuous positive, proliferative showed discontinuous positivity for p63.Conclusions: Myoepithelial markers are useful in helping to distinguish invasive carcinoma from benign proliferations with a similar morphological appearance, benign proliferative lesions and most pre-invasive lesions with an intact myoepithelium. Invasive carcinomas lack the myoepithelial cell layer while in the benign category, non-proliferative lesions are continuous positive, proliferative lesions show discontinuous positivity for p63.
Orientation program to MBBS course at a missionary run medical college in Kerala: analysis of students’ feedback
Authors: Francis Anu , Kotturan Aaron David , Kuttichira Praveen Lal
Published: July 2018

Background: Orientation programs help medical students to tide over many difficulties faced during their transition to a new study environment. Therefore, it is important that it be conducted well covering all essential aspects.Methods: The present study assesses the feedback of a three-day orientation program given to 100 students who attained admission to MBBS in 2016.The program was organized and conducted by the management and the Medical Education unit. The sessions included lectures, small group assignments, observations and group activities. A semi structured Questionnaire was used to gather the feedback.Results: All of the 100 students (67 female and 33 male students. Median age19 years.) attended. Considering the overall rating of the orientation programme, 40% opined it to be excellent, 50% very good, 7% good and 3 % satisfactory.Conclusions: Through this orientation program, the students were able to understand that leadership quality, team work and good communication skills are needed to be an efficient doctor. Physical work and shadowing of the patients were two innovative and well appreciated sessions. It is evident through the feedback of the students that such orientation programmes are beneficial to them.
Prospective of study of gestational diabetes mellitus risk in relation to maternal recreation physical activity before and after pregnancy
Authors: R. S. Sukesh , Rajmohan Laxmy
Published: July 2018

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is common complications of pregnancy. Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to know association between physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus in the first 20 weeks of their pregnancy.Methods: In the current case-control study, 50 pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus as the case group and 50 pregnant females as control group were selected. To diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus using diagnostic criteria. Females with abnormal oral glucose challenge test (>140mg/dL) were asked to perform the three-hour 100 g oral glucose tolerance test. The details of physical activity were collected by pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric and other data were recorded for all of the participants.Results: Females with low total physical activity at early pregnancy were at a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus compared to the ones with higher levels of physical activity. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity and a family history of diabetes, females with low physical activity during 20 weeks of pregnancy were at a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. Females with the low intensity of sedentary, light and moderate physical activity are at a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus compared to females with a higher intensity of sedentary, light and moderate physical activity.Conclusions: Females should be encouraged to do regular daily physical activity during pregnancy, if there is no specific contraindication to it.
Epidemiological investigation into the source of water contamination at a tertiary care cancer hospital
Authors: Kumar Atul , H. Vikas , Satpathy Sidhartha , Hakim Abdul
Published: July 2018

Background: Water quality impacts the performance of the hospitals and leads to drastic health service deterioration affecting infection control programs, along with safety of the patients and staff. Good quality water is an essential prerequisite to ensure optimal patient care, and the well-being of the staff and visitors in a hospital environment. Objectives was to study the current water supply and treatment system in the cancer hospital. Also, to carryout root cause analysis of the causes of episodes of diarrhoea amongst patients and staff and to identify the source of infection and suggest improvement in the existing system to prevent recurrence.Methods: There were 25 reported cases of diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal symptoms between May 12 and June 2 2017, allegedly due to water contamination occurring in admitted patients and staff of a tertiary care cancer hospital in north India. This was reported to Hospital Administration, which prompted an epidemiological investigation.Results: Formation of Biofilms on the plastic taps was found to be the main reason for contamination of water.Conclusions: It was very clear that deposition of biofilm within the plastic taps was the main reason of diarrhea among the patients.
Etiology, clinical profile in cortical venous thrombosis
Authors: Pazare Amar R. , Karkera Karan B
Published: July 2018

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is increasingly recognized entity in young patients due to the widespread availability of MRI and rising clinical awareness. CVST is a multifactorial condition with a wide clinical presentation, variable etiologies and prognosis and it requires high index of suspicion for diagnosis.Methods: It is an observational prospective study conducted in 57 patients. Patients above 12 years of age with a diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were included in the study to know aetiology, risk factors, clinical presentation and prognosis.Results: Mean age for males was 40 years and for females it was 36.5 and male to female ratio was 3:2. Headache was the most common symptom (89.47%) followed by convulsions, vomiting, focal neurological deficit, altered sensorium, fever and papilloedema. Superior Sagittal Sinus was the most common sinus involved followed by transverse sinus. Common risk factors were Hyperhomocysteinemia, alcohol, tobacco, APLA syndrome. 52.63% of patients had complete neurological recovery.Conclusions: CVST is uncommon condition and it is more common in neonates, children and females. The major risk factors for CVT in adults are prothrombotic (hypercoagulable) conditions, oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the puerperium, malignancy, infection, head injury. Headache is the most common symptom may be accompanied by focal neurologic deficits, seizures, and encephalopathy. It carries 5% mortality in the acute phase and 10% over a long-term follow up.
Calculation of Fourier-Galois transforms in reduced binary number systems
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Chernov V. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2018

The paper proposes a new method for calculating Fourier-Galois transforms (number-theoretical transforms), which are a modular analog of the discrete Fourier transform. A number of specific problems related to the calculation of transforms in a finite field can be solved by representing the elements of these fields in “exotic” number systems, which are reductions of the canonical number systems proposed by I. Katai when mapping the corresponding ring of an integer quadratic field into a field of the prime residue classes modulo. The case of binary reduced number systems is studied in detail. It is proved that such number systems exist for any prime number.
CRIMINALISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE OBJECT AND THE SUBJECT OF APPROACH IN THE STRUCTURE OF CRIMES
Authors: Khlus A. M.
Published: July 2018

In this article, the problem of the relationship between the concepts of object and the subject of criminal encroachment in criminal law and criminalistics is examined. The work has an interdisciplinary character and is of interest from the standpoint of the development of integration processes between the sciences of the criminal law cycle. The author comes to the conclusion that the abstract character of the object of crime as an element of the criminallegal structure does not satisfy the needs of criminology. Do not reflect the system of traces containing significant information about the crime and its elements. In the article it is suggested from the point of view of criminalistics to consider an object as an element of the structure of a crime in the form of a material aggregate or systemic formation directly affected, one or several constituent parts of them can determine the purpose of a criminal act. The author focused on such objects of the material structure of the crime as a person, property, computer and other electronic systems, money and securities, vehicles, enterprises, institutions, firms, state bodies. Particular attention in the work the author focuses on the relationship between the object and the subject of encroachment, which in some cases can be correlated as general and particular. The author from the point of view of criminalistics gives a generalized description of the subject of encroachment, which he considers a material element of the criminal act, which determines the target orientation in the activity of the subject of encroachments.
TRANSBORDER CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT AS A SUI GENERIS CONTRACT
Authors: Goddard I. A.
Published: July 2018

The author investigates the problems of normative and legal regulation of relations arising due to a cross-border construction contract. The author analyzes the concept of contract in its transborder meaning, analyses the principles of choice of law in cases when parties to the treaty have not provided for the applicable law, examines general theoretical and international private law doctrine and arbitration practice on the issue of a cross-border construction contract. In order to properly resolve a dispute from a cross-border construction contract, the court must establish the transborder nature of private-law relations, whether their contractual or non-contractual nature, establish the legal nature (type) of the transaction in order to determine the applicable law. The author examines the features and peculiarities of a cross-border construction contract, which facilitates the establishment of these facts for the court and concludes that it is necessary to separate this sort of contracts into a separate type. The most important aspects revealed by the author in the article concern the theoretical and practical aspects of defining the characteristics and features of the transboundary construction contract. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the cross-border construction contract is a contract sui generis.
CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH OF CREDITOR’S OBLIGATIONS
Authors: Gurova E. A.
Published: July 2018

The article considers the measures which should be applied to a creditor in case of breach of creditors obligations. The author states that performance of creditors obligations is protected by civil-law sanction. The term sanction is comprehended by the author in a general sense and integrates penalties and other protection measures. Under the Civil Code of the RF compensation of losses can be applied to a creditor as a penalty, but other protection measures are applied to acreditor oftener (for example,onesided change of contract conditions by adebtor) because of subsidiary character of creditors obligations. At the same time, ensuring performance of such duties by civillaw sanctions emphasizes their importance for the proper performance of obligation and allows to make aconclusion that creditors obligations are an independent element of the content of the civil obligation and are not a part of acreditors right.
STRUCTURE OF CONTRACTUAL COMMUNICATIONS AT MANAGING MULTI-FAMILY BUILDING BY HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION AND SPECIALIZED COOPERATIVE
Authors: Trufanov A. V.
Published: July 2018

The author uses O. S. Ioffes classification of structure of contractual communications on simple and complex by criterion of concurrence of parties to the contract and implementer, considers different variants of formation of structure of contractual communications at managing multi-family building by homeowners association and specialized cooperative; the author differentiates these variants depending on how these subjects manage multi-family building directly or by contract with managing organization. The author concludes that process ofmanaging a multi-family building by homeowners association and specialized cooperative has multilevel management system and complex structure ofcontractual communications. In addition, the author analyzes some advantages and disadvantages of different management options, in critical keys considers some formulations of current housing legislation.
ON THE DEFINITION OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Potseluev E. L. , Gorbunov A. E.
Published: July 2018

The article critically analyzes the approaches of Soviet and modern Russian scientists to the notion of legal responsibility. The authors prove the fallibility of the absolutization of state coercion as the main sign of legal responsibility, including retrospective, and support the idea of a two-facetedness of this institution, give its author's definition.
ON THE POSSIBILITY AND LIMITS OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF THE RESOCIALIZATION OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO THE DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY
Authors: Adoyevskaya O. A.
Published: July 2018

The article examines the possibilities and limits of taking into account international experience in the sphere of resocialization of prisoners sentenced to the deprivation of liberty. The updated UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rule, 2015) are analyzed and special attention is paid to the provisions of this international act on the social ties of prisoners and their guardianship after release. The problems of the formation of the Russian state policy in the sphere of resocialization of persons released from serving their sentences are shown. The notion of resocialization, which is understood as the process of integrating persons who served a sentence, into the system of social relations by means of mastering a new socio-cultural environment is given. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to adopt the federal law On the resocialization of persons who have served a criminal sentence and were released from it., which should reflect the main directions and means of post-penitentiary assistance to persons released from serving their sentence. The question is raised about the need to develop a Road Map for resocialization and the real inclusion in civil society of persons who have served a criminal sentence and who have been released from it.
AN INVESTIGATOR IN POST-SOVIET CRIMINAL PROCESS
Authors: Savelev K. A.
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the development of legislation on pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases in the post-Soviet countries. Changes in the rights of the defence during the preliminary investigation of these countries are considered. The lack of a link between the actions of the investigating judge and the competitiveness of preliminary investigation is shown. The comparative analysis of historical and contemporary forms of participation by investigating judges in the criminal process is carried out. The general trends of development of legislation of the former Soviet States are set. Recommendations for improving legislation are given.
Обеспечение устойчивого организационного развития национальной экономической системы: проблемы и перспективы
Authors: Гершанок Александр Александрович , Малышев Евгений Авенирович
Published: July 2018

В статье проводится исследование причин отставания в организационном развитии национальной экономической системы от зарубежных в условиях качественного роста и глобализации экономики. Выделены существующие организационные недостатки действующей модели управления экономической системой России. В связи со значительным ускорением научно-технического прогресса отмечается переход в высокоразвитых странах от организационных структур масштабной экономики к самоорганизующимся структурам качественной экономики. Доказана зависимость темпов роста ВВП от надлежащего порядка в экономической системе. Предложена новая модель управления экономической системой в современных условиях, основанная на самоорганизации, синергетическом эффекте и горизонтальном взаимодействии субъектов рынка.
Формирование комплексного подхода к эффективной интеграции вузовской науки в национальную инновационную систему
Authors: Белова Екатерина Алексеевна
Published: July 2018

В статье уточняются теоретико-методологические подходы к разработке организационно-экономического механизма инновационного развития высшего учебного заведения. Систематизированы теоретические подходы к формированию роли вуза как ядра интеграции участников инновационных процессов в рамках национальной инновационной системы. Предложен методический подход к разработке системы мероприятий по повышению эффективности управления инновационным потенциалом высшего учебного заведения.
Практика управления предприятиями при переходе на новые цифровые технологии
Authors: Ширинкина Елена Викторовна
Published: July 2018

Настоящая статья посвящена особенностям функционирования промышленных предприятий в условиях развития цифровой экономики и определении основных направлений в управленческой деятельности предприятий. Актуальность проведенного в данной статье исследования обусловлена тем, что в условиях глобализации сегментирования рынков, ужесточения конкуренции, повышаются требования к выживаемости предприятий. В ближайшие годы лидерство будет принадлежать предприятиям с преимущественным развитием цифровых технологий. Основная гипотеза сводилась к тому, что в деятельности предприятий по повышению уровня цифровизации препятствуют, прежде всего, отсутствие стратегии управления человеческого капитала при переходе предприятий на цифровые технологии. Для подтверждения данной гипотезы били проведены эмпирические исследования на базе опроса 75 предприятий. Сегодня применение цифровых технологий воспринимается топ-менеджментом многих российских компаний все еще как сугубо технологическая задача. В то время как смысл происходящей цифровизации состоит в том, что меняются не столько технологии, сколько сама система управления человеческим капиталом и организации деятельности самой компании.
Análise de interações medicamentosas em prescrições dentárias
Authors: Furini Adriana Antônia Da Cruz , Malagoli Juliana Mendes de Almeida , Dias Nayane Justi , Lima Bruna Miranda , Bonjardin Manuela Manzano , Machado Ponatyellen Souza , Lima Tiago Aparecido Maschio de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: avaliar as interações medicamentosas potenciais (DI) em prescrições para pacientes de clínica odontológica de uma universidade privada. Material e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo. Foram analisadas 204 prescrições odontológicas entre abril de 2015 e outubro de 2016. As bases de dados para a análise do potencial de DI foram acessadas pelos programas Medscape, Drugs.com e Micromedex. Os DIs foram classificados por intensidade em maior, moderada e menor. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 43 ± 14 anos e 61% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino. Hipertensão e diabetes tipo II foram as doenças mais prevalentes. 237 anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais foram prescritos, sendo a nimesulida a mais prevalente nas prescrições, seguida da dipirona com efeito analgésico e antipirético. Destes, oitenta e nove eram antimicrobianos, principalmente amoxicilina. Foram identificadas 95 interações medicamentosas potenciais, sendo 28% de maior intensidade e 67% de intensidade moderada. Doze interações envolveram drogas antiinflamatórias não esteroidais, principalmente cetoprofeno, diclofenaco e ibuprofeno; e nove foram relacionados aos antimicrobianos amoxicilina, metronizadol e azitromicina. Conclusão: A necessidade de uma análise cuidadosa das prescrições dentárias e uma revisão da terapia concomitante utilizada pelos pacientes, reduzindo o risco de interações e, conseqüentemente, prevenindo reações adversas e preservando a segurança dos pacientes, são observadas.
Pneumonia por aspiração e saúde bucal: uma revisão crítica da literatura
Authors: Nascimento Nayara Perpétuo Gonçalves do , Gonçalves Patricia Furtado , Douglas-de-Oliveira Dhelfeson Willya , Flecha Olga Dumont
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: identificar evidências na literatura científica se a higiene bucal mecânica ou química pode prevenir a pneumonia aspirativa em pacientes hospitalizados. Material e Métodos: foram incluídos estudos clínicos indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo de 2008 a 2017, seguindo critérios pré-determinados de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: doze estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram revisados. De acordo com a qualidade das evidências, três estudos foram avaliados como I, seis como II e três como III. Em relação ao tratamento utilizado, pesquisas clínicas investigaram a efetividade de diferentes soluções antimicrobianas para higiene bucal com o objetivo de reduzir a pneumonia aspirativa em pacientes hospitalizados. Diferentes concentrações de clorexidina (0,05%, 0,1%, 0,12%, 0,2%, 2%) foram utilizadas, assim como outras substâncias para bochechos. Conclusão: a falta de estudos de alta qualidade compromete a confiança na eficácia das soluções antimicrobianas na redução da pneumonia aspirativa. Entretanto, aqueles estudos com boa metodologia sugeriram a redução da pneumonia pela higiene bucal.
Conhecimento e atitudes dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre a saúde bucal de gestantes
Authors: Silva Jinária Fernandes da , Pinheiro Ferreira Suélem Maria Santana , Silva Rogério Vieira , Pereira Rejane Marques , Santos Isis Cardoso Benício dos
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento e as atitudes dos cirurgiões-dentistas em relação à atenção à saúde bucal de gestantes em atendimento odontológico pré-natal. Material e Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, censitária e descritiva, que aplicou um formulário com questões objetivas aos cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes na atenção primária à saúde da área urbana da cidade de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, em 2015. Resultados : vinte e nove cirurgiões-dentistas foram entrevistados e, pelos resultados, foi possível identificar que 20,7% não foram estimulados a prestar atenção à saúde bucal das gestantes durante a graduação. Em relação ao conhecimento, 82,8% apontaram o segundo trimestre como o melhor momento para atendimento; 24,1% indicam que os dentes se tornam mais fracos durante esse período. Além disso, a maioria tinha conhecimento sobre questões controversas, como a possibilidade de utilização de anestesia odontológica (93,1%) e radiografia (69%). Em relação às atitudes e práticas na atenção primária à saúde, 31% dos cirurgiões-dentistas não discutiram a importância do atendimento odontológico pré-natal com a equipe. Conclusão: o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas foi inconsistente em alguns aspectos importantes, o que pode dificultar o diálogo com gestantes e demais integrantes da equipe de saúde. As ações de educação em saúde bucal e a conscientização sobre a importância do atendimento odontológico pré-natal requerem profissionais treinados em odontologia, que possam contribuir para a melhoria do cuidado integral da gestante.
Clinical exams and their implications for the effectiveness of the nursing process.
Authors: Souza Patrícia Cristine Barbosa de , Cordeiro Aldenora Laisa Paiva de Carvalho , Cardoso Michelle Morais , Costa Daniela Galdino , Oliveira Fabíola Cardoso de , Stacciarini Thaís Santos Guerra
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o registro do exame clínico realizado pelo enfermeiro, e descrever suas implicações para a efetividade do PE em um hospital de ensino. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e documental. Verificou-se no formulário os itens para registro do exame clínico: identificação do paciente, necessidades humanas básicas, escalas e identificação profissional. Analisou-se que dos 371 prontuários, três (0,8%) não constava informações quanto a identificação do paciente. A regulação neurológica apresentou maior percentual de informações completas, com 63,3% prontuários preenchidos adequadamente. Mobilidade, cuidado corporal e sono e repouso apresentaram o maior número de ausência de informações com 20,8% formulários em branco. Em 25,3% prontuários não constaram identificação profissional. Conclui-se que o registro do exame clínico realizado por enfermeiros ainda é falho, apresentando grande número de informações incompletas comprometendo a efetividade do Processo de Enfermagem.
La protección de las mujeres en su vejez
Authors: Farne Stefano , Ríos Arredondo Paola Andrea
Published: July 2018

En Colombia, como en otros países del mundo, las mujeres reciben menores salarios y experimentan mayores interrupciones en el mercado formal de trabajo, frente a los hombres. Las anteriores condiciones reducen la probabilidad de tener una protección económica adecuada en la vejez. La distribución inequitativa de las labores no remuneradas del cuidado del hogar juega un rol importante en este contexto. Por ello, las políticas encaminadas a corregir las disparidades de género en el mercado laboral son esenciales. El presente artículo reconoce la importancia de estas acciones. Sin embargo, se concentra en políticas directamente relacionadas con mecanismos de protección social que mejoren la probabilidad de que las mujeres reciban una pensión o de que incrementen su mesada pensional. El artículo describe y explica las bajas tasas de cobertura pensional entre las adultas mayores colombianas. Adicionalmente, explora y  analiza las políticas de protección en favor de las mujeres que se han llevado a cabo en otros países con el fin de discutir posibles iniciativas para Colombia.
GENETIC MARKERS: COMPARATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS
Authors: Chesnokov Yu. V.
Published: July 2018

With the creation of the molecular markers allowing to carry out analysis of genotypes on the level initial genetic information – DNA, onset one of the most multifarious and one of the most large in number class of markers at the present day. It is concerned with that each separate nucleic acid sequence is unique on its structure. Set of molecular and genetic methods, named as DNA-fingerprinting, most wide used in modern investigations for solving different problems in different biological areas. In this connection, necessity in comparative classification of modern molecular and genetic markers is actual. Based on published literature material it shown data on different classifications of molecular markers. Determined definition of term “marker” in genetics and breeding. Gave the characters and distinctive features of genetic markers. It given the definition what is “good” genetic marker as well as kinds, categories, variations and types on heredity of molecular markers. Manifested by means of molecular markers polymorphisms can classified on polymorphism of sequence itself (including nucleotide substitution and insertion-deletion) and polymorphism the number of tandem repeat sequences in repeated regions. Moreover, molecular markers can classify on two variations: anonymous, for which nucleotide acid sequence unknown and for manifestation of the molecular marker its detection not necessary (for example, RAPD, AFLP, RFLP), and announce (or determined), for which nucleic acid sequence is known or can be detect during analysis (for example, SNP, CAPS, STS). However, in independence on using of molecular markers the choice of method of investigation will be depend on investigated plant species as well. The next influence of molecular and genetic methods on genetics and practical breeding of plants will be depend on results, which will be obtain, in particular, on revealing the possibility or not possibility of genotyping of individual on single genetic marker as wel as on economic price of obtain informative data.
CREATION AND EVALUATION OF THE VARIETAL-LINEAR HYBRIDS OF ONION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Amirov B. M. , Amirova Z. S. , Manabaeva U. A. , Zhasybaeva K. R.
Published: July 2018

The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 on the experimental fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of the city of Almaty, under irrigation conditions. The aim of the research was a comprehensive field assessment of selective onion samples with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galantum and their derivatives – varietal-linear hybrids obtained by pollination with domestic cultivars. Visual assessment, which was conducted on the background of natural disease infection, showed that 20 accessions of onions had a very weak susceptibility to peronosporosis (1-10% of leaves); 63 – weak susceptibility (11-25% of the leaves); 91 - average susceptibility (26- 50% of leaves); 118 – severe susceptibility (more than 51% of the leaves). As the results of the research showed, onion accessions differed significantly in terms of productivity: the gross yield varied from 13,3 to 83,6 t/ha, the commodity yields ranged from 10,6 to 78,3 t/ha, and the marketability ranged from 65,4 up to 98,8%. Yield level above 70 t/ha had breeding accessions with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galanthum: ON518, ON533, ON519 and ON516, amounting to 83,6; 75,3; 74,2 and 73,4 t/ha, respectively. Very high marketability of bulbs had breeding accessions ON171 – 98,8%, ON439 – 97,6% and ON158 – 96,8%. The value of storage losses varied depending on the genotype of the selected onion breeding material. The greatest physiological reduction in weight was observed in the accessions ON517 – 32,1%, ON516 – 26,5%, ON533 – 24,2% and ON336 – 17,7%, and the lowest - in the accessions ON431 – 4,6%, ON486 – 4,0% and ON327 – 3,4%. The correlation analysis showed a weak relationship between the parameters of the onion yield and its storabilioty (R = -0,10-0,24). Storability was mainly due to the physiological reduction in weight (R = -0,59), bulb soft rot (R = -0,59) and bulb sprouting (R = -0,69).
SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HIGHER PLANTS AS GROWTH REGULATORS FOR ONIONS
Authors: Borovskaia A. D. , Mashcenсo N. A. , Gumaniuk A. V.
Published: July 2018

Possibility of pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators of steroid and iridoid nature has been studied while growing onions. In the experiment, an "ecostim" preparation has been used for the pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds, the active ingredient of which is the glycoside of the steroid nature of tomatosides isolated from the seeds of Solanum lycopersicum L., as well as the sum of iridoid glycosides (linarosides) from Linaria vulgaris Mill. To identify the technological parameters of the use of plant growth bio-regulators preliminary testing has been conducted in the Laboratory of Natural Bio-Regulators of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, A comparison of the effectiveness of the compounds obtained on the germination of onion seeds has shown that the greatest stimulation has been achieved by using low concentrations (0.0001% - 0.001%) of tomatoside solutions (eostimis preparation) and higher concentrations (0.005% - 0.01%0 of linarosides. Production tests have been carried out in the field in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. Variety specificity of the impact of natural bio-regulators has been determined by the example of 3 varieties of onions, different in terms of maturation, resistance, etc. (Pinguin, Diamant and Chalcedon). It has been proved that the effect of the tested growth regulators has a pronounced varietal specificity and mainly is determined by the early maturity of the variety. It has been found that the compounds studied were most effective when growing onions under unfavorable conditions, and the amount of iridoid glycosides from the linaria had a greater stimulating effect compared with the tomatoside. Seed treatment with bio-regulators has provided the simultaneous emergence of seedlings, the leveling in growth and development of plants, as well as increased the yield of onions by 27.6% - 41.3%.
THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF HYBRID ONION, GROWN IN ANNUAL CROPS UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION
Authors: Borisov V. A. , Khovrin A. N. , Bebris A. R. , Fillrose N. A. , Monahos G. F.
Published: July 2018

In the studies of 2014-2016 years on rich medium-loamy alluvial soils of the Moscow region in the cultivation of hybrids of onions Pervenets F1, Bennito F1 and Poisk 012 F1 in drip irrigation conditions in an annual crop, the best yield of Repka 45.1 t/ha, 47.9 t/ha and 59.9 t/ha, respectively. The greatest effect was obtained from the complex application of N90P90K90 (main) in combination with plant fertilization with potassium nitrate and Zircon growth regulator during the period of intensive growth of vegetative mass and the beginning of bulb formation for late Bennito F1 hybrids and Poisk 012 F1, and for the medium-unrided hybrid the Pervenets F1 system was the best N90P90K90+Zircon. This system allowed to obtain a high yield of standard products (up to 93%) with good bio-chemical quality of the onion. New technologies of cultivation of onions in an annual crop with the complex use of drip irrigation, fertilizers and new hybrids of intensive type, allow in the conditions of the Central non-Chernozem zone to obtain the yield of onion-turnip at the level of 50-60 t/ha, with the output of standard products 80-93%. The best biochemical quality indicators of bulbs were obtained with the complex application of fertilizers with the growth regulator Zircon, with the cultivation of hybrids Pervenets F1 and Bennito F1, and hybrid Poisk 012 F1 is not mature enough in the Moscow region. From the conducted research it can be concluded that the studied hybrids of onion Pervenets F1, Bennito F1 and Poisk 012 F1 when grown in annual crops in terms of Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation use better fertilizing than the main fertilizer.
EFFECT OF PEAT BRIQUETTES ON THE FORMATION OF CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS IN INTENSIVE LIGHT CULTURE
Authors: Udalova O. R. , Panova G. G. , Anikina L. M.
Published: July 2018

Obtaining high-quality seedlings is an essential condition for growing vegetables in modern cultivation facilities of protected ground. The influence of the composition and properties of peat briquettes on the growth and development of hybrid F1 of cucumber Zozulya seedlings, indicators of plant leaves photosynthetic activity, their net productivity in cultivation under controlled conditions of intensive light culture were investigated. It is shown how the change in the composition of peat briquettes affects their hydrophysical properties: volume, density, moisture absorbing capacity, etc., which is reflected in the state of cucumber seedlings. Thus, for the grown cucumber seedlings, peat briquettes had more favorable hydrophysical properties, which included, in addition to neutralized peat, Cambrian clay, separately or in combination with straw in the amount of 10% of the peat volume, or with sapropel. The moisture absorbing capacity in the considered peat briquettes was optimal for growing plants in conditions of intensive light culture and ranged from 617 to 774%. Optimization of the hydrophysical properties of peat briquettes was positively reflected in the photosynthetic activity of the leaves. The photosynthetic potential increased by 20-29%, the leaf surface area – by 19-40%; net productivity of plants photosynthesis – by 0.6-3.2 g/m2 per day, which eventually led to the formation of plants with a higher biomass – by 10-48%. An increase in the content of straw in the peat briquette to 20% led to a decrease in the moisture absorbing capacity of the peat briquette, which contributed to a certain deterioration in the physiological state of plants and, as a consequence, to a tendency towards to reduce the mass of plant seedlings.
PRESION HIDRODINAMICA EN PRESAS CON DEPOSITO CILINDRICO SEMICIRCULAR
Authors: Sánchez-Sesma Francisco , Rosenblueth Emilio
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se presentan soluciones para análisis modal de las presiones hidrodinámicas generadas por los tres componentes traslacionales de sismo longitudinal, vertical y transversal sobre la cortina de una presa que limita un depósito cilíndrico semicircular.Se compraran los resultados con los obtenidos para sección rectagular y se encuentra una reducción sistemática en la respuesta con respecto a sección rectangular de igual área y profundidad.Se establece que, para fines de diseño, el primer modo representa apropiadamente la respuesta para distintas excitaciones de interés práctico.
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA REVISIÓN Y DISEÑO DE MUROS DE MAMPOSTERIA CONFINADOS POR MARCOS, SUJETOS A CARGA LATERAL
Authors: Bazán E.
Published: July 2018

Se presenta un procedimiento basado en el método de los elementos finitos, para analizar muros de mampostería confinados por marcos de concreto, sujetos a cargas elásticas en su plano. Se considera la posible aparición de grietas en la zona de contacto entre muro y marco y a lo largo de la diagonal del muro.El procedimiento se emplea para estudiar varios muros confinados de un piso ante cargas laterales, haciendo variar la características geométricas del muro y del marco confinante. Con base a los resultados, se proponen métodos sencillos para evaluar la rigidez lateral de un conjunto marco-muro, y los esfuerzos que generan el muro y las columnas del marco, para diferentes estados de agrietamiento.
ANALISIS SISMICO-DINAMICO DE PLATAFORMAS MARINAS APOYADAS POR GRAVEDAD
Authors: López Jorge
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo versa sobre el análisis sísmico que se le ha aplicado a las plataformas marinas de concreto apoyadas por gravedad, que se pretenden desarrollar para una serie de usos diferentes en la Sonda de Campeche. Con objeto de obtener la primera generación de ellas, de acuerdo de una depuración que se haga de los conceptos estructurales mediante modelos simplificados, como sean aplicado para el análisis sísmico cuya descripción y resultados se mencionan en este trabajo.
AMORTIGUAMIENTO ADICIONAL PARA REDUCIR EFECTOS SISMICOS**
Authors: DEL VALLE ENRIQUE
Published: July 2018

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UN METODO PARA CALCULO APROXIMADO DE ESPECTROS DE RESPUESTA SISMICA Y ALGUNAS APLICACIONES
Authors: Reinoso 1 Eduardo , Ordaz 2,4 Mario , Sánchez 1,2 Francisco , Singh 3,4 Shri
Published: July 2018

Se propone un método basado en la teoría de la vibraciones casuales para calcular en forma aproximada valores esperados de espectros de respuesta. Con base de trabajos recientes se presentan tres explicaciones del método para la ciudad de México: (1) cálculo rápido a partir de acelerogramas registrados, (2) predicción de espectros esperados antes temblores futuro y (3) postdicción de los mismos ante temblores ya ocurridos pero en sitios donde recientemente se ha instalado acelerómetros.