bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Disease and Other Determinants in Deaths Due to COVID-19 From a Health Protection and Promotion Perspective: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Özkan Filiz , Öztürk Mustafa , Ödek Ömer , Savaş Mümin
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To examine the age, gender, and chronic disease status of patients who died due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic process and the effects of these diseases on their deaths.

Methods:

It was a retrospective retrospective analysis with 2715 patients. The statistics of the patients who met the research criteria were evaluated from the hospital database. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, length of hospital stay, presence of chronic disease, and Modified Comorbidity Index Scores.

Results:

It was determined that the Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (MCCI) score mean of the patients was 4.74 ± 2.07 and MCCI scores of 56.9% were serious. There was a statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay according to the number of diseases the patient had, age, and MCCI score. It was determined that there was a statistically significant, negative and high-level correlation between MCCI score and the length of hospital stay (r = −0.075: P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Age, comorbidity score, and the number of comorbidities were found to affect the length of hospital stay, ie death. For this reason, it is recommended to use comorbidity indices in health protection and development studies, in the field, as well as in the clinics.
Embracing Complexity and Diversity in Business History: A Latin American Perspective
Authors: Lluch Andrea
Published: January 2023

The boundaries of Business History, as a discipline, are constantly revisited. There have been contradictory views on the nature of our field for many decades, and they still exist today, reformulated by new generations and interest groups. As if these differences were not enough, there are also substantial disparities on when and how the subject has evolved worldwide. The discipline has expanded to new geographies recently, and several signals point to a more multicultural business history setting. However, some critical aspects still need to be addressed. How can we reinterpret and overcome the perpetuation of some hierarchies in our field? What are possible key insights from embracing an even more inclusive, global, and pluralistic vision of business history? My proposition is that these issues can be reinvigorated as part of a broader epistemological debate on humanistic and social sciences. This brief article considers possible alternatives for embracing even more diversity and complexity in our field from a Latin American perspective.
Defining priority areas for conservation of poorly known species: A case study of the endemic Brazilian three-banded armadillo
Authors: Feijó Anderson , Magalhães Rodolfo , Bocchiglieri Adriana , Cordeiro José Luís P. , Sena Liana Mara , Attias Nina
Published: January 2023

Conservation of poorly known species is challenging as lack of knowledge on their specific requirements may hamper effective strategies. Here, by integrating biogeographical and landscape analyses, we show that informed actions can be delineated for species with limited presence-only data available. We combine species distribution and connectivity models with temporal land cover changes to define priority areas for conservation of the endemic Brazilian three-banded armadillo, one of the most threatened xenarthrans that was once considered extinct in the wild. We revealed that areas of savanna and grassland are the most suitable habitats for the species and that uplands in the Caatinga ecoregion have a greater likelihood for dispersal. The few remnant armadillo populations are spatially associated with core areas of natural vegetation remnants. Worrisomely, 76% of natural core areas were lost in the past 30 years, mirroring the species’ severe population decline. Preserving the remnant core natural areas should be a high priority to ensure the species’ survival. We highlight key areas for proactive and reactive conservation actions for the three-banded armadillo that will benefit other threatened sympatric species. Our integrative framework provides a set of valuable information for guided conservation management that can be replicated for other poorly known species.
ITERATING THE COFINALITY- CONSTRUCTIBLE MODEL
Authors: YA’AR UR
Published: January 2023

We investigate iterating the construction of
$C^{*}$
, the L-like inner model constructed using first order logic augmented with the “cofinality
$\omega $
” quantifier. We first show that
$\left (C^{*}\right )^{C^{*}}=C^{*}\ne L$
is equiconsistent with
$\mathrm {ZFC}$
, as well as having finite strictly decreasing sequences of iterated
$C^{*}$
s. We then show that in models of the form
$L[U]$
we get infinite decreasing sequences of length
$\omega $
, and that an inner model with a measurable cardinal is required for that.
Discovering fire events in the HAS1 settlement on the Dhofar coast (Oman) by a multi-methodological study of mollusk shells
Authors: Crippa Gaia , Lischi Silvia , Chiari Andrea , Dapiaggi Monica , Cremaschi Mauro
Published: January 2023

Mollusk shells from archeological deposits are often exposed to high temperatures through human-caused or natural heating events. While heat exposure affects reliability of mollusk shells for environmental reconstructions based on geochemistry, it can provide a valuable source of information on past human behaviors and human–environment interactions. We analyzed burned and not-burned bivalve and gastropod specimens collected within two megalithic circular structures in the HAS1 settlement in Oman (Late Iron Age and Classical Period). Through a multi-methodological approach, we investigated shell microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), shell mineralogy using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and shell stable-isotopic composition (δ18O, δ13C) using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to infer the temperatures these specimens were exposed to and to reconstruct the processes responsible for heating the shells. Thermal response of aragonite and calcite shells having different microstructures were also determined. We found that mollusk shells at this site were exposed to three temperature ranges: a) no exposure or <300°C, b) between 250°C and 500°C, and c) ≥500°C. The heat source was likely a fire which engulfed the entire settlement, which is also supported by evidence of carbonized wooden poles found in situ inside the circular structures.
Ergothioneine: an underrecognised dietary micronutrient required for healthy ageing?
Authors: Tian Xiaoying , Thorne James L. , Moore J. Bernadette
Published: January 2023

Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring amino acid and thiol antioxidant found in high amounts in mushrooms and fermented foods. Humans and animals acquire ergothioneine from the diet through the pH-dependent activity of a membrane transporter, the large solute carrier 22A member 4 (SLC22A4), expressed on the apical membrane of the small intestine. The SLC22A4 transporter also functions in the renal reabsorption of ergothioneine in the kidney, with avid absorption and retention of ergothioneine from the diet observed in both animals and humans. Ergothioneine is capable of scavenging a diverse range of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, has metal chelation properties, and is predicted to directly regulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Although not lethal, the genetic knockout of the SLC22A4 gene in multiple organisms increases susceptibility to oxidative stress, damage and inflammation; in agreement with a large body of preclinical data suggesting the physiological function of ergothioneine is as a cellular antioxidant and cytoprotectant agent. In humans, blood levels of ergothioneine decline after the age of 60 years, and lower levels of ergothioneine are associated with more rapid cognitive decline. Conversely, high plasma ergothioneine levels have been associated with significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality and overall mortality risks. In this horizon’s manuscript, we review evidence suggesting critical roles for dietary ergothioneine in healthy ageing and the prevention of cardiometabolic disease. We comment on some of the outstanding research questions in the field and consider the question of whether or not ergothioneine should be considered a conditionally essential micronutrient.
PROFILE ROMAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY HISTORY
Authors: Elliott Colin
Published: January 2023

Fundamentally, Roman economic history is the study of how and why inhabitants of the Roman world produced, distributed and exchanged goods and services. By understanding the economic actions, events, institutions and products of the Roman world, Roman economic historians come to understand better the Romans themselves: their motivations, values, relationships and identities, among other things. With such a broad remit, today's Roman economic and monetary historians not only scour traditional sources for evidence of Roman commerce, prices, labour, capital and contracts, but they now deploy an ever-broadening range of methodologies, theories and approaches – some of which originate well outside the disciplines of both history and economics. Some Roman economic historians, for example, create, investigate and run simulations, using massive digital archives of data gleaned from ancient evidence. Others compare micro-nutrients in ancient wheat varieties with their modern counterparts to gain a better understanding of diet, nutrition and economic prosperity in Roman cities. Increasingly, specialists in some aspect of the Roman economy find themselves members of internationally funded interdisciplinary teams seeking to understand what Arctic ice cores or North-American tree rings say about money production in the Roman principate. Roman economic historians’ scholarly sprawl has never been more challenging to describe, but I believe it is possible to group recent developments in the field into three overlapping areas: digitisation, particularisation and consilience.
Immunological mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and polarization in schistosomiasis
Authors: Licá Irlla Correia Lima , Frazão Gleycka Cristine Carvalho Gomes , Nogueira Ranielly Araujo , Lira Maria Gabriela Sampaio , dos Santos Vitor Augusto Ferreira , Rodrigues João Gustavo Mendes , Miranda Guilherme Silva , Carvalho Rafael Cardoso , Silva Lucilene Amorim , Guerra Rosane Nassar Meireles , Nascimento Flávia Raquel Fernandes
Published: January 2023

Human schistosomiasis is caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma. Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune regulation of this disease. These cells acquire different phenotypes depending on the type of stimulus they receive. M1 macrophages can be ‘classically activated’ and can display a proinflammatory phenotype. M2 or ‘alternatively activated’ macrophages are considered anti-inflammatory cells. Despite the relevance of macrophages in controlling infections, the role of the functional types of these cells in schistosomiasis is unclear. This review highlights different molecules and/or macrophage activation and polarization pathways during Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum infection. This review is based on original and review articles obtained through searches in major databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, ACS, PubMed, Wiley, Scielo, Web of Science, LILACS and ScienceDirect. Our findings emphasize the importance of S. mansoni and S. japonicum antigens in macrophage polarization, as they exert immunomodulatory effects in different stages of the disease and are therefore important as therapeutic targets for schistosomiasis and in vaccine development. A combination of different antigens can provide greater protection, as it possibly stimulates an adequate immune response for an M1 or M2 profile and leads to host resistance; however, this warrants in vitro and in vivo studies.
Structural brain plasticity and inflammation are independently related to changes in depressive symptoms six months after an index ECT course
Authors: Brooks John O. , Kruse Jennifer L. , Kubicki Antoni , Hellemann Gerhard , Espinoza Randall T. , Irwin Michael R. , Narr Katherine L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treatment-resistant depression and leads to short-term structural brain changes and decreases in the inflammatory response. However, little is known about how brain structure and inflammation relate to the heterogeneity of treatment response in the months following an index ECT course.

Methods

A naturalistic six-month study following an index ECT course included 20 subjects with treatment-resistant depression. Upon conclusion of the index ECT course and again after six months, structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and peripheral inflammation measures [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein] were obtained. Voxel-based morphometry processed with the CAT-12 Toolbox was used to estimate changes in gray matter volume.

Results

Between the end of the index ECT course and the end of follow-up, we found four clusters of significant decreases in gray matter volume (p < 0.01, FWE) and no regions of increased volume. Decreased HAM-D scores were significantly related only to reduced IL-8 level. Decreased volume in one cluster, which included the right insula and Brodmann's Area 22, was related to increased HAM-D scores over six months. IL-8 levels did not mediate or moderate the relationship between volumetric change and depression.

Conclusions

Six months after an index ECT course, multiple regions of decreased gray matter volume were observed in a naturalistic setting. The independent relations between brain volume and inflammation to depressive symptoms suggest novel explanations of the heterogeneity of longer-term ECT treatment response.
Altered frontolimbic activity during virtual reality-based contextual fear learning in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Siehl Sebastian , Wicking Manon , Pohlack Sebastian , Winkelmann Tobias , Zidda Francesca , Steiger-White Frauke , Nees Frauke , Flor Herta
Published: January 2023

Background

Deficiency in contextual and enhanced responding in cued fear learning may contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We examined the responses to aversive Pavlovian conditioning with an unpredictable spatial context as conditioned stimulus compared to a predictable context. We hypothesized that the PTSD group would demonstrate less hippocampal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation during acquisition and extinction of unpredictable contexts and an over-reactive amygdala response in the predictable contexts compared to controls.

Methods

A novel combined differential cue-context conditioning paradigm was applied using virtual reality with spatial contexts that required configural and cue processing. We assessed 20 patients with PTSD, 21 healthy trauma-exposed (TC) and 22 non-trauma-exposed (HC) participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging, skin conductance responses, and self-report measures.

Results

During fear acquisition, patients with PTSD compared to TC showed lower activity in the hippocampi in the unpredictable and higher activity in the amygdalae in the predictable context. During fear extinction, TC compared to patients and HC showed higher brain activity in the vmPFC in the predictable context. There were no significant differences in self-report or skin conductance responses.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that patients with PTSD differ in brain activation from controls in regions such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the vmPFC in the processing of unpredictable and predictable contexts. Deficient encoding of more complex configurations might lead to a preponderance of cue-based predictions in PTSD. Exposure-based treatments need to focus on improving predictability of contextual processing and reducing enhanced cue reactivity.
Epistemic injustice and the psychiatrist
Authors: Kious Brent M. , Lewis Benjamin R. , Kim Scott Y. H.
Published: January 2023

Background

Psychiatrists depend on their patients for clinical information and are obligated to regard them as trustworthy, except in special circumstances. Nevertheless, some critics of psychiatry have argued that psychiatrists frequently perpetrate epistemic injustice against patients. Epistemic injustice is a moral wrong that involves unfairly discriminating against a person with respect to their ability to know things because of personal characteristics like gender or psychiatric diagnosis.

Methods

We review the concept of epistemic injustice and several claims that psychiatric practice is epistemically unjust.

Results

While acknowledging the risk of epistemic injustice in psychiatry and other medical fields, we argue that most concerns that psychiatric practice is epistemically unjust are unfounded.

Conclusions

The concept of epistemic injustice does not add significantly to existing standards of good clinical practice, and that it could produce changes in practice that would be deleterious. Psychiatrists should resist calls for changes to clinical practice based on this type of criticism.
The Definition of an Archdeacon: Legal, Pastoral or Neither?
Authors: Hogger Clive
Published: January 2023

Previous articles in this Journal on the subject of the role of archdeacons have created a dichotomy, between an archdeacon's role as being primarily legal or their role being primarily pastoral. This article examines the development of the role of an archdeacon and explores what was and is actually stated about them in legislation. It becomes clear that a legal definition is insufficient, so various non-statutory roles are then explored to ascertain whether it is, instead, pastoral. This, too, is found to be unconvincing, leading to a conclusion that the function of the archdeacon in the Church of England does not have a legal definition at all, but is rather a people-facing role which has attracted legal functions to it. What is more, even the pastoral aspect of the role is ill-defined without the legally stated relationships found in other offices, leaving an archdeacon's overall function, essential as it may be, subjective and open to challenge or interpretation. The article concludes that the role is primarily defined by nothing more than a blend of both national and local customs, a feature that could potentially be a vital source of strength.
Response to ‘Reflections on the Workings of General Synod’
Authors: Milbank Alison
Published: January 2023

There is much to address in responding to such a rich and thoughtful range of reflections as given by Bishop Pete in his article published in the previous pages of this Journal. I was asked to respond to that paper from a theological perspective as part of the Ecclesiastical Law Society's 2022 day conference, and this comment piece has been based substantially on that response. So many areas of theological relevance are raised by Bishop Pete: the nature of authority in the Church of England, the role of the bishop, the shortcomings of the synodical process and the legal framework for evangelism.
The 2022 Revision of The Principles of Canon Law Common to the Churches of the Anglican Communion
Authors: Dewhurst Russell
Published: January 2023

At the 2008 Lambeth Conference, The Principles of Canon Law Common to the Churches of the Anglican Communion were launched. For the first time, detailed principles of Anglican canon law were made manifest, the fruit of earlier research by the legal academic Norman Doe. As early as 2002, the Primates of the Communion had recognised that ‘the unwritten law common to the Churches of the Communion and expressed as shared principles of canon law may be understood to constitute a fifth “instrument of unity”’. The Principles project proved to be a wellspring of legal scholarship and ecumenical activity both before and after the 2008 publication.
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Authors: Lingiah Jason
Published: January 2023

The General Assembly of the Church again met in a ‘blended’ form, based from the Assembly Hall. The Moderator of the General Assembly this year was the Rev'd Dr Iain Greenshields, BD PhD, Minister of Dunfermline St Margaret's, Presbytery of Fife. Last year's Moderator was an Elder, rather than a Minister: Lord Wallace of Tankerness, PC QC FRSE. Lord Hodge, Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, was Her Late Majesty The Queen's personal representative to the Assembly as Lord High Commissioner. A brief synopsis of Assembly Business follows.
General Synod of the Church of England
Authors: Dobson Edward
Published: January 2023

This report covers the group of sessions held in July 2022. General Synod met in York for the first time since the pandemic between 8 and 12 July 2022.
A Kin-based Trade Partnership Model for Obsidian in the Halafian Interaction Sphere: A View from the Southern Levant Wadi Rabah Culture
Authors: Yacobi Doron , Gopher Avi
Published: January 2023

The abundance of obsidian at the Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah culture (7600/500–6800 cal. bp) settlement of Hagoshrim IV in northern Israel, the rich repertoire of stamp seals, and imported chlorite vessels at the site, as well as the presence of skilled obsidian knappers, indicate intensive trade. Reviewing the archaeological data, we propose that the obsidian discovered at Hagoshrim IV and at other Wadi Rabah sites of the southern Levant reflects one of the earliest forms of a kin-based direct trade. Kin-based direct trade partnerships revolve around the migration of family members from the source area of the goods to areas in which the goods are highly valued to form trading communities and act as agents to receive them. We further propose that Hagoshrim acted as a possible trading community, interacting with the Wadi Rabah settlements of northern Israel and that the transition in the source of the obsidian from mainly central Anatolian sources (in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period) to mainly Eastern Anatolian sources (in the Pottery Neolithic period) is connected with changes occurring at the source areas of the obsidian, possibly the rise of the Halaf cultural complex in the northern Levant c. 7900 cal. bp. All these indicate that the Wadi Rabah culture was well integrated in the expanding interaction sphere of the Middle and Late Halafian.
An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar
Authors: Bacon Bennett , Khatiri Azadeh , Palmer James , Freeth Tony , Pettitt Paul , Kentridge Robert
Published: January 2023

In at least 400 European caves such as Lascaux, Chauvet and Altamira, Upper PalaeolithicHomo sapiensgroups drew, painted and engraved non-figurative signs from at least ~42,000bpand figurative images (notably animals) from at least 37,000bp. Since their discovery ~150 years ago, the purpose or meaning of European Upper Palaeolithic non-figurative signs has eluded researchers. Despite this, specialists assume that they were notational in some way. Using a database of images spanning the European Upper Palaeolithic, we suggest how three of the most frequently occurring signs—the line<|>, the dot <•>, and the —functioned as units of communication. We demonstrate that when found in close association with images of animals the line <|> and dot <•> constitute numbers denoting months, and form constituent parts of a local phenological/meteorological calendar beginning in spring and recording time from this point in lunar months. We also demonstrate that the  sign, one of the most frequently occurring signs in Palaeolithic non-figurative art, has the meaning . Thepositionof the  within a sequence of marks denotes month of parturition, an ordinal representation of number in contrast to the cardinal representation used in tallies. Our data indicate that the purpose of this system of associating animals with calendar information was to record and convey seasonal behavioural information about specific prey taxa in the geographical regions of concern. We suggest a specific way in which the pairing of numbers with animal subjects constituted a complete unit of meaning—a notational system combined with its subject—that provides us with a specific insight into what one set of notational marks means. It gives us our first specific reading of European Upper Palaeolithic communication, the first known writing in the history ofHomo sapiens.
Comparison of ventricular synchrony in children with left bundle branch area pacing and right ventricular septal pacing
Authors: Li Jinghao , Jiang He , Cui Jian , Zhang Yi , Li Meiting , Zhou Huiming , Li Xiaomei
Published: January 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the ideal pacing site in children by comparing the postoperative ventricular synchrony in children with left bundle branch area pacing and those with right ventricular septal pacing.

Methods:

This retrospective study included children with complete atrioventricular block who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation from March 2019 to August 2021. Patients were grouped according to their ventricular pacing site, the left bundle branch area pacing group and the right ventricular septal pacing group. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was used to evaluate the ventricular synchrony.

Results:

Forty-eight children (median age, 2.7 years; interquartile range, 1.7–4.6 years) were included. The paced QRS duration in the left bundle branch area pacing group was significantly narrower than that in the right ventricular septal pacing group (100.2 ± 9.3 versus 115.4 ± 15.1 ms, p = 0.001). The median follow-up duration was 1.5 years (interquartile range, 1–2 years). At the last follow-up, the average capture threshold of the ventricular electrode in the left bundle branch area pacing group was lower than that in the right ventricular septal pacing group (0.79 ± 0.18 versus 1.20 ± 0.56 V, p = 0.008). The left ventricular intraventricular synchrony parameters in the left bundle branch area pacing group were better than those in the right ventricular septal pacing group (e.g. standard deviation of the time to peak longitudinal strain, 37.4 ± 4.3 versus 46.6 ± 8.2 ms, p = 0.000). The average interventricular mechanical delay time in the left bundle branch area pacing group was significantly shorter than that in the right ventricular septal pacing group (36.4 ± 14.2 versus 52.5 ± 22.7 ms, p = 0.016).

Conclusion:

Compared with right ventricular septal pacing, left bundle branch area pacing in children produces a narrower QRS duration and better pacing and ventricular synchrony parameters postoperatively.
Early re-replacement after mitral valve replacement using the chimney technique in a child: a case report
Authors: Maeda Toshi , Nagato Hisao , Ishihara Haruko
Published: January 2023

Mitral valve replacement for small pediatric patients is technically difficult because of the small annulus and requires some technical ideas. The chimney technique is useful for supra-annular mitral valve replacement. We describe a paediatric case of early re-replacement owing to pannus formation after mitral valve replacement using the chimney technique.
Pregnancy in Eisenmenger syndrome: a case series from a tertiary care hospital of Northern India
Authors: Sharma Bharti , Sikka Pooja , Chopra Seema , Bansal Ramandeep , Suri Vanita , Aggarwal Neelam , Saha Subhas C. , Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Bhukal Ishwar , Kumar Praveen
Published: January 2023

Background:

Despite advances in medical care, we still come across pregnancy in Eisenmenger syndrome. Eisenmenger syndrome represents the severe end of the spectrum for disease in pulmonary artery hypertension associated with CHD. Due to very high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, pregnancy is contraindicated among these women. Current guidelines also recommend that the women who become pregnant should opt for early termination of pregnancy. Here, we present a case series of 11 women of Eisenmenger syndrome and their pregnancy outcome.

Methods:

It was a retrospective analysis of 12 pregnancies among 11 women with Eisenmenger syndrome who were managed in a tertiary care referral centre of Northern India.

Results:

The mean age of these women was 28 ± 4 years (range 22 to 36 years). Almost 80% of them (9/11) were diagnosed with Eisenmenger syndrome during pregnancy. The commonest cardiac lesion was Ventricular Septal defect (54.5%) followed by Atrial Septal defect (27.3%) and Patent Ductus arteriosus (9.1%). Only three women opted for medical termination of pregnancy, rest eight continued the pregnancy or presented late. Pregnancy complications found include pre-eclampsia (50%), abruption (22%), and fetal growth retardation (62.5%). There were three maternal deaths (mortality rate 27%) in postpartum period.

Conclusion:

This case series highlights the delay in diagnosis and treatment of CHD despite improvement in medical care. Women with Eisenmenger syndrome require effective contraception, preconceptional counselling, early termination of pregnancy, and multidisciplinary care.
A rare and fatal cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Danon disease
Authors: Türkmen Hasan , Uysal Fahrettin , Bostan Özlem Mehtap
Published: January 2023

Danon disease is a rare and fatal disease caused by a mutation in the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 gene. Impaired intracellular autophagy causes lysosomal vacuoles to accumulate mainly in myocardial and skeletal muscle cells, leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and varying degrees of intellectual disability. Two distinct childhood presentations of Danon disease are described in this report.
“It Doesn’t Affect Me!” – Do Immunity	Beliefs Prevent Subsequent Aggression After Playing a Violent Video	Game?
Authors: Ridge Robert D. , Hawk Christopher E. , McCombs Logan D. , Richards Kelsie J. , Schultz Cheyenne A. , Ashton Rowan K. , Hartvigsen Luke D. , Bartlett Derek
Published: January 2023

Abstract: We identified participants in the United States ( N = 302) who believed that they were vulnerable to becoming more aggressive after playing a violent video game (a vulnerability belief) and those who believed that playing violent video games would not make them more aggressive (an immunity belief). Participants played either a violent or a nonviolent video game and then competed with a fictional opponent in a competitive reaction time task. Results revealed that those with an immunity belief did not behave more aggressively after playing a violent video game. Unexpectedly, those with a vulnerability belief behaved less aggressively after playing a violent video game. We discuss implications for future research and media literacy education.
Improvement in Dust Storm Simulation by Considering Stone Coverage Effects for Stony Deserts in East Asia
Authors: Sekiyama T. T. , Kurosaki Y. , Kajino M. , Ishizuka M. , Buyantogtokh B. , Wu J. , Maki T.
Published: January 2023

Approximately 50% of the Earth's deserts are covered with stony surfaces, not dunes. The stony surfaces often block or diminish mineral dust aerosol emissions through area fraction and roughness element effects. Incorporating these stone coverage effects is crucial for climate and environmental modeling research. Based on our field observations, this study combined the stone coverage effects into a dust simulation model for East Asia using two regression formulas and some constants. The double regression scheme assumed that the stone roughness density could be derived from the coarse fragment fraction of the SoilGrids 2.0 data set. According to the data set, the stone coverage is higher in Western Mongolia and Dzungaria and lower in the Chinese Gobi Desert and the Loess Plateau. Consequently, the model reproduced fewer dust aerosols in the higher coverage areas and more in the lower coverage areas. This simulation result was consistent with the World Meteorological Organization's current weather reports and satellite aerosol observations. The improved model reproduced the diversity of soil erodibility and was well balanced in performance statistics. This study is the first successful investigation of stone coverage effects on dust storm simulation using a realistic stone coverage map to the authors' best knowledge.
A Wetting‐Front Model for Vadose Zone Infiltration via Drywells
Authors: Moreno Z. , Paster A. , Kamai T.
Published: January 2023

Drywell infiltration is a common approach to recharge groundwater and reduce load from drainage systems. In order to properly design a drywell, it is critical to predict its infiltration capacity, that is, its response to anticipated precipitation/stormwater/flood events. This is commonly conducted using models that solve the unsaturated flow in the subsurface using complex and costly numerical schemes. This work proposes a different approach, based on a solution for a sharp interface wetting front. The proposed model predicts the water level in the well and the subsurface wetting front location during and after an infiltration event. The model was tested and compared with numerical simulations of Richards' equation and with data from a field experiment, and proved to be sufficiently accurate. The typical run times of the model are smaller than 1 s and about three orders of magnitude shorter compared to the numerical model of Richards' equation. For illustrating possible applications, we use field data: the model is used to estimate the hydraulic properties via parameter optimization. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the drywell response was conducted, demonstrating some practical applications for analysis, which may be used for properly determining site‐specific drywell design.
One-year breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates of protection in fully vaccinated hematological patients
Authors: Piñana José Luis , Vazquez Lourdes , Calabuig Marisa , López-Corral Lucia , Martin-Martin Gabriel , Villalon Lucia , Sanz-Linares Gabriela , Conesa-Garcia Venancio , Sanchez-Salinas Andrés , Gago Beatriz , Facal Ana , Risco-Gálvez Irene , Olave María T. , Espigado Ildefonso , Lopez-Jimenez Javier , Hernández-Rivas José Ángel , Avendaño-Pita Alejandro , Arroyo Ignacio , Ferrer Elena , García-Cadenas Irene , González-Santillana Clara , Roldán-Pérez Alicia , Ferrer Blanca , Guerreiro Manuel , Suarez-Lledó María , Camara Angela , Campos-Beltrán Diana , Navarro David , Cedillo Ángel , Sureda Anna , Solano Carlos ,   Spanish Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Group (GETH-TC), Martino Rodrigo
Published: January 2023

The long-term clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to antibody response in immunosuppressed patients such as hematological patients has been little explored. A prospective multicenter registry-based cohort study conducted from December 2020 to July 2022 by the Spanish Transplant and Cell Therapy group, was used to analyze the relationship of antibody response over time after full vaccination (at 3–6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months) (2 doses) and of booster doses with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1551 patients with hematological disorders. At a median follow-up of 388 days after complete immunization, 266 out of 1551 (17%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection at median of 86 days (range 7–391) after full vaccination. The cumulative incidence was 18% [95% confidence interval (C.I.), 16–20%]. Multivariate analysis identified higher incidence in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (29%) and with the use of corticosteroids (24.5%), whereas female sex (15.5%) and more than 1 year after last therapy (14%) were associated with a lower incidence (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Median antibody titers at different time points were significantly lower in breakthrough cases than in non-cases. A serological titer cut-off of 250 BAU/mL was predictive of breakthrough infection and its severity. SARS-CoV-2 infection-related mortality was encouragingly low (1.9%) in our series. Our study describes the incidence of and risk factors for COVID-19 breakthrough infections during the initial vaccination and booster doses in the 2021 to mid-2022 period. The level of antibody titers at any time after 2-dose vaccination is strongly linked with protection against both breakthrough infection and severe disease, even with the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.
Hallmarks of peripheral nerve function in bone regeneration
Authors: Tao Ranyang , Mi Bobin , Hu Yiqiang , Lin Sien , Xiong Yuan , Lu Xuan , Panayi Adriana C. , Li Gang , Liu Guohui
Published: January 2023

Skeletal tissue is highly innervated. Although different types of nerves have been recently identified in the bone, the crosstalk between bone and nerves remains unclear. In this review, we outline the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in bone regeneration following injury. We first introduce the conserved role of nerves in tissue regeneration in species ranging from amphibians to mammals. We then present the distribution of the PNS in the skeletal system under physiological conditions, fractures, or regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the ways in which the PNS communicates with bone-lineage cells, the vasculature, and immune cells in the bone microenvironment. Based on this comprehensive and timely review, we conclude that the PNS regulates bone regeneration through neuropeptides or neurotransmitters and cells in the peripheral nerves. An in-depth understanding of the roles of peripheral nerves in bone regeneration will inform the development of new strategies based on bone-nerve crosstalk in promoting bone repair and regeneration.
Intrastriatal injection of Parkinson’s disease intestine and vagus lysates initiates α-synucleinopathy in rat brain
Authors: Yang Zhaofei , Wang Ying , Wei Min , Li Song , Jia Congcong , Cheng Cheng , Al-Nusaif Murad , Zhang Jun , Liu Cong , Le Weidong
Published: January 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the pathological accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that the formation of misfolded α-syn and aggregation may begin in the peripheral nervous system, specifically the enteric nervous system, and then propagate to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. However, the PD-like neuropathology induced by the intestine and vagus nerve extracts is rarely investigated. In this work, we injected lysates of the intestine and vagus obtained from a diagnosed PD patient, which contained abnormal α-syn aggregates, into the rat striatum unilaterally. Strikingly, such an injection induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-syn depositions in the striatum, substantia nigra, and other brain regions, including the frontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Moreover, significant activation of microglia and the development of astrogliosis were observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the injected rats. These findings provide essential information for our understanding of PD pathogenesis, as we established for the first time that the α-syn aggregates in the intestine and vagus of a PD patient were sufficient to induce prion-like propagation of endogenous α-syn pathology in wild-type rats.
Adipose tissue is a source of regenerative cells that augment the repair of skeletal muscle after injury
Authors: Sastourné-Arrey Quentin , Mathieu Maxime , Contreras Xavier , Monferran Sylvie , Bourlier Virginie , Gil-Ortega Marta , Murphy Enda , Laurens Claire , Varin Audrey , Guissard Christophe , Barreau Corinne , André Mireille , Juin Noémie , Marquès Marie , Chaput Benoit , Moro Cédric , O’Gorman Donal , Casteilla Louis , Girousse Amandine , Sengenès Coralie
Published: January 2023

Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, as they generate a favorable niche that allows satellite cells to perform efficient muscle regeneration. After muscle injury, FAP content increases rapidly within the injured muscle, the origin of which has been attributed to their proliferation within the muscle itself. However, recent single-cell RNAseq approaches have revealed phenotype and functional heterogeneity in FAPs, raising the question of how this differentiation of regenerative subtypes occurs. Here we report that FAP-like cells residing in subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT), the adipose stromal cells (ASCs), are rapidly released from ScAT in response to muscle injury. Additionally, we find that released ASCs infiltrate the damaged muscle, via a platelet-dependent mechanism and thus contribute to the FAP heterogeneity. Moreover, we show that either blocking ASCs infiltration or removing ASCs tissue source impair muscle regeneration. Collectively, our data reveal that ScAT is an unsuspected physiological reservoir of regenerative cells that support skeletal muscle regeneration, underlining a beneficial relationship between muscle and fat.
Constructing robust heterostructured interface for anode-free zinc batteries with ultrahigh capacities
Authors: Zheng Xinhua , Liu Zaichun , Sun Jifei , Luo Ruihao , Xu Kui , Si Mingyu , Kang Ju , Yuan Yuan , Liu Shuang , Ahmad Touqeer , Jiang Taoli , Chen Na , Wang Mingming , Xu Yan , Chuai Mingyan , Zhu Zhengxin , Peng Qia , Meng Yahan , Zhang Kai , Wang Weiping , Chen Wei
Published: January 2023

The development of Zn-free anodes to inhibit Zn dendrite formation and modulate high-capacity Zn batteries is highly applauded yet very challenging. Here, we design a robust two-dimensional antimony/antimony-zinc alloy heterostructured interface to regulate Zn plating. Benefiting from the stronger adsorption and homogeneous electric field distribution of the Sb/Sb2Zn3-heterostructured interface in Zn plating, the Zn anode enables an ultrahigh areal capacity of 200 mAh cm−2with an overpotential of 112 mV and a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5%. An anode-free Zn-Br2battery using the Sb/Sb2Zn3-heterostructured interface@Cu anode shows an attractive energy density of 274 Wh kg−1 with a practical pouch cell energy density of 62 Wh kg−1. The scaled-up Zn-Br2battery in a capacity of 500 mAh exhibits over 400 stable cycles. Further, the Zn-Br2battery module in an energy of 9 Wh (6 V, 1.5 Ah) is integrated with a photovoltaic panel to demonstrate the practical renewable energy storage capabilities. Our superior anode-free Zn batteries enabled by the heterostructured interface enlighten an arena towards large-scale energy storage applications.
Improving cassava bacterial blight resistance by editing the epigenome
Authors: Veley Kira M. , Elliott Kiona , Jensen Greg , Zhong Zhenhui , Feng Suhua , Yoder Marisa , Gilbert Kerrigan B. , Berry Jeffrey C. , Lin Zuh-Jyh Daniel , Ghoshal Basudev , Gallego-Bartolomé Javier , Norton Joanna , Motomura-Wages Sharon , Carrington James C. , Jacobsen Steven E. , Bart Rebecca S.
Published: January 2023

Pathogens rely on expression of host susceptibility (S) genes to promote infection and disease. As DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that affects gene expression, blocking access to S genes through targeted methylation could increase disease resistance. Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis, the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight (CBB), uses transcription activator-like20 (TAL20) to induce expression of the S gene MeSWEET10a. In this work, we direct methylation to the TAL20 effector binding element within the MeSWEET10a promoter using a synthetic zinc-finger DNA binding domain fused to a component of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. We demonstrate that this methylation prevents TAL20 binding, blocks transcriptional activation of MeSWEET10a in vivo and that these plants display decreased CBB symptoms while maintaining normal growth and development. This work therefore presents an epigenome editing approach useful for crop improvement.
Photonic machine learning with on-chip diffractive optics
Authors: Fu Tingzhao , Zang Yubin , Huang Yuyao , Du Zhenmin , Huang Honghao , Hu Chengyang , Chen Minghua , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei
Published: January 2023

Machine learning technologies have been extensively applied in high-performance information-processing fields. However, the computation rate of existing hardware is severely circumscribed by conventional Von Neumann architecture. Photonic approaches have demonstrated extraordinary potential for executing deep learning processes that involve complex calculations. In this work, an on-chip diffractive optical neural network (DONN) based on a silicon-on-insulator platform is proposed to perform machine learning tasks with high integration and low power consumption characteristics. To validate the proposed DONN, we fabricated 1-hidden-layer and 3-hidden-layer on-chip DONNs with footprints of 0.15 mm2 and 0.3 mm2 and experimentally verified their performance on the classification task of the Iris plants dataset, yielding accuracies of 86.7% and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, a 3-hidden-layer on-chip DONN is fabricated to classify the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit images. The proposed passive on-chip DONN provides a potential solution for accelerating future artificial intelligence hardware with enhanced performance.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, trajectories, and clinical outcomes for frailty in COPD
Authors: Hanlon Peter , Guo Xuetong , McGhee Eveline , Lewsey Jim , McAllister David , Mair Frances S.
Published: January 2023

This systematic review synthesised measurement and prevalence of frailty in COPD and associations between frailty and adverse health outcomes. We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science (1 January 2001–8 September 2021) for observational studies in adults with COPD assessing frailty prevalence, trajectories, or association with health-related outcomes. We performed narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analyses. We found 53 eligible studies using 11 different frailty measures. Most common were frailty phenotype (n = 32), frailty index (n = 5) and Kihon checklist (n = 4). Prevalence estimates varied by frailty definitions, setting, and age (2.6–80.9%). Frailty was associated with mortality (5/7 studies), COPD exacerbation (7/11), hospitalisation (3/4), airflow obstruction (11/14), dyspnoea (15/16), COPD severity (10/12), poorer quality of life (3/4) and disability (1/1). In conclusion, frailty is a common among people with COPD and associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. Proactive identification of frailty may aid risk stratification and identify candidates for targeted intervention.
Interaction-free, single-pixel quantum imaging with undetected photons
Authors: Yang Yiquan , Liang Hong , Xu Xiaze , Zhang Lijian , Zhu Shining , Ma Xiao-song
Published: January 2023

A typical imaging scenario requires three basic ingredients: (1) a light source that emits light, which in turn interacts and scatters off the object of interest; (2) detection of the light being scattered from the object and (3) a detector with spatial resolution. These indispensable ingredients in typical imaging scenarios may limit their applicability in the imaging of biological or other sensitive specimens due to unavailable photon-starved detection capabilities and inevitable damage induced by interaction. Here, we propose and experimentally realize a quantum imaging protocol that alleviates all three requirements. By embedding a single-photon Michelson interferometer into a nonlinear interferometer based on induced coherence and harnessing single-pixel imaging technique, we demonstrate interaction-free, single-pixel quantum imaging of a structured object with undetected photons. Thereby, we push the capability of quantum imaging to the extreme point in which no interaction is required between object and photons and the detection requirement is greatly reduced. Our work paves the path for applications in characterizing delicate samples with single-pixel imaging at silicon-detectable wavelengths.