bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the natural and cultural history of Typha orientalis (Raupō) in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Li Xun , Newnham Rewi , Vandergoes Marcus J. , van den Bos Valerie , Howarth Jamie D. , Rees Andrew , Reyes Lizette , Clowes Chris , Crouch Erica M. , Gregersen Rose , Wood Susanna A. , Martin Reece , Ellison Riki , Cassidy Tūmai , Smith Rawiri , Šunde Charlotte , Tremain Roger , Te Koha Te Aomania
Published: September 2024

A new multi-proxy paleo database for lake ecosystem and catchment change in Aotearoa New Zealand points to the potential resource and ecosystem service roles of Typha orientalis (raupō). In the context of chronic wetland degradation in Aotearoa New Zealand over the past century, this iconic yet enigmatic wetland plant can be viewed, alternately, as an invasive threat; a valuable cultural and economic resource; and a natural, indigenous agent for bioremediation. Our investigation reconstructs the history of raupō over the past ~1000 years, based on 92 new pollen records generated from lake sites across Aotearoa New Zealand. At almost every site where raupō is present today, its expansion is promoted to varying extents during periods of human activity and at 87% of sites investigated, raupō shows its maximum palynological abundance post human arrival. Multiple patterns of response over time point to a range of hydrological, trophic, and cultural scenarios that are conducive for raupō expansion, raising prospects for its potential role in mitigating the ecological impacts of disturbance. Raupō expansion, promoted by anthropogenic forest clearances and associated sediment and nutrient flux, would in turn have provided new opportunities for its use as a valuable food and material resource, prompting further questions as to the extent it was deliberately managed by indigenous populations. As both a benefactor from, and provider for, expanding populations, raupō may be regarded as a human associate in Aotearoa New Zealand prehistory. As well as being indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand, T. orientalis also occurs naturally in Australia and east Asia and shares the intrinsic ecological and morphological attributes of the ~40 species or hybrids of Typha that span most of the planet. This work therefore may encourage wider application of the genus as a biocultural asset informed from its local natural history.
Worldwide Prevalence and Description of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome According to the Results of the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Izagirre Arantzazu , Sarasqueta Cristina , Flores-Arriaga Joel , Aso María C. , Pérez Pérez María , Tack Jan , Huang I-Hsuan , Sperber Ami D. , Palsson Olafur S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , D'Amato Mauro , Lanas Ángel , Lobo Beatriz , Alonso-Cotoner Carmen , Santos Javier , Bujanda Luis
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction of unknown origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the global prevalence of this disorder and its associated factors.

METHODS:

Data were collected from nationwide Internet surveys in 26 countries, with subjects evenly distributed by age, sex, and country. The survey included the Rome IV questionnaire and an extensive supplemental questionnaire to evaluate additional factors.

RESULTS:

A total of 54,127 participants completed the questionnaire (51% male, mean age 44.3 years). The pooled prevalence of CVS was 0.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3%–0.4%; n = 187), highest in Brazil (1%, 95% CI 0.6–1.5), and lowest in Japan and Germany (with no subject who fulfilled the criteria for CVS). The mean age of participants with CVS was 36.7 years (SD 13.5), and it was more common in women (56.7% vs 43.5%). Factors independently associated with this syndrome were female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% CI 1.13–2.03), young age (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.34–4.94, for people between the ages of 18 and 39 years, compared with those older than 65 years), depression (OR 3.14, 95% CI 2.05–4.82, P < 0.001), and anxiety (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.15–2.78, P < 0.001). Individuals with CVS had impaired quality of life (QoL) (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System 10-item score: physical QoL mean, 12.9 vs 15.5, P < 0.001; mental QoL mean 12.3 vs 14.4, P < 0.001) compared with others.

DISCUSSION:

CVS is a relatively common disorder that has a negative impact on QoL. It is important to raise awareness on this syndrome to avoid underdiagnosis and improve clinical practice.
Health State Utility is Substantially Reduced With an Increasing Burden of Patient-Reported Symptoms in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Cotton Cary C. , Biswas Mousumi , Dellon Evan S.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to estimate health state utility in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) by histologic activity and assess association with disease parameters.

METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study, we measured health state utility by time trade-off and assessed symptoms with the EoE Symptom Activity Index.

RESULTS:

In 51 adults with EoE, the mean utility was 0.91 (95% CI 0.86, 0.95). Utility was numerically worse in patients with dilation or a smaller stricture diameter. With each ten-point improvement in EoE Symptom Activity Index, utility increased by 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

EoE is associated with reduced health state utility, with symptoms most strongly predicting valuation.
Application of artificial intelligence in ultrasound diagnostics of thyroid nodules
Authors: Troshina E. A. , Zakharova S. M. , Tsyguleva K. V. , Lozhkin I. A. , Korolev D. V. , Trukhin A. A. , Zaytsev K. S. , Soldatova T. V. , Garmash A. A.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: the use of artificial intelligence in ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid nodules is expected and quite promising. However, in order to understand this, it is necessary to see how a doctor works with its help, diagnosing diseases step by step, and how exactly this intelligence is implemented in practical healthcare. The current publication provides an overview of existing intelligent systems for supporting medical decisions in thyroidology, and describes in detail the capabilities of the Russian intelligent computer assistant for ultrasound diagnostics - a system for stratifying thyroid nodules by EU-TIRADS categories.

AIM: increasing the accuracy and reducing the time of ultrasound diagnostics in the study of thyroid nodules through the use of an intelligent system for assisting the ultrasound doctor at various stages of his activity with demonstration of the actions of the “assistant”.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: to understand the possibilities of ultrasound doctors using artificial intelligence in their work, the proposed solution is divided into stages, each of which demonstrates the additional capabilities that a doctor has when using intelligent computer vision methods. Various artificial neural network architectures are used as an intellectual base, which can be further trained like a human on new medical data.

RESULTS: the proposed intelligent solution allows the ultrasound doctor to have a “second opinion” at his workplace, which, by processing ultrasound cine loops, allows him to solve the problems of segmentation and stratification of thyroid nodules according to EU-TIRADS categories with an accuracy of 70%, i.e. at the level of a doctor with 5 years of experience. The proposed data driven approach will improve its accuracy as new patient loops are processed.

CONCLUSION: the narrative leads the reader to understand in what diagnostic processes it is useful to use artificial intelligence methods in the ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid nodules, and how natural and artificial intelligence can effectively interact within the framework of a software web application.
Amyloid goiter: difficulties of differential diagnosis, choice of treatment tactics
Authors: Deunezhewa S. M. , Dzeranova L. K. , Perepelova M. A. , Shutova A. S. , Pigarova E. A. , Soldatova T. V. , Bondarenko E. V. , Dvoryanchikov Ya. V. , Mikheenkov A. A. , Abrosimov A. U. , Troshina E. A.
Published: September 2024

Amyloid goiter is an orphan disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins in the thyroid parenchyma, which can be the result of both localized primary deposition and secondary, against the background of persistent chronic inflammatory disease. The diagnosis is made through imaging techniques and histological examination of thyroid tissue. Depending on the degree of enlargement of the thyroid gland, the presence of hypothyroidism, as well as compression syndrome, therapeutic tactics are reduced to dynamic observation, the achievement of an euthyroid state, and in case of a pronounced cosmetic defect and / or tracheal compression, surgical intervention. Histochemical staining of the resected drug is necessary to make a definitive diagnosis. The prognosis is generally favorable, but it depends on the underlying cause of amyloid deposition and the degree of thyroid damage. In this clinical case, we describe a 36-year-old patient with periodic disease, AA-amyloidosis with predominant kidney damage, after kidney allotransplantation due to a history of end-stage chronic kidney disease. The patient contacted the center with complaints of difficulty breathing, swallowing, during examination, the thyroid gland is enlarged in size, according to ultrasound data, specific changes in the thyroid gland indicate the amyloid genesis of goiter. According to the hormonal examination, it is euthyroidism. According to the cytological examination of a thyroid biopsy: extracellular deposits of a dense structureless substance colored red-brown, most corresponding to the deposition of amyloid, were found in smears of liquid cytology when stained with congo red.
Effects of hepatic fibrosis on the quantification of hepatic steatosis using the controlled attenuation parameter in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Park Hee Jun , Kang Hyo Jeong , Kim So Yeon , Yoon Seonghun , Baek Seunghee , Song In Hye , Jang Hyeon Ji , Jang Jong Keon
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study assessed the impact of hepatic fibrosis on the diagnostic performance of the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in quantifying hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods: CHB patients who underwent liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and CAP assessment using transient elastography before liver resection between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical data included body mass index (BMI) and laboratory parameters. The histologically determined hepatic fat fraction (HFF) and fibrosis stages were reviewed by pathologists blinded to clinical and radiologic data. The Pearson correlation coefficient between CAP and HFF was calculated. The diagnostic performance of CAP for significant hepatic steatosis (HFF ≥10%) was assessed using areas under the receiver operating curve (AUCs), stratified by fibrosis stages (F0-1 vs. F2-4). Factors significantly associated with CAP were determined by univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses.Results: Among 399 CHB patients (median age 59 years; 306 men), 16.3% showed significant steatosis. HFF ranged from 0% to 60%. Of these patients, 9.8%, 19.8%, 29.3%, and 41.1% had fibrosis stages F0-1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. CAP positively correlated with HFF (r=0.445, P<0.001). The AUC of CAP for diagnosing significant steatosis was 0.786 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.726 to 0.845) overall, and significantly lower in F2-4 (0.772; 95% CI, 0.708 to 0.836) than in F0-1 (0.924; 95% CI, 0.835 to 1.000) (P=0.006). Multivariable analysis showed that BMI (P<0.001) and HFF (P<0.001) significantly affected CAP, whereas LSM and fibrosis stages did not.Conclusion: CAP evaluations of significant hepatic steatosis are less reliable in CHB patients with significant or more advanced (F2-4) than with no or mild (F0-1) fibrosis.
“Can I become a tree?”: Plant Imagination in Contemporary Indian Poetry in English
Authors: Ghosh Joyjit , Ali Sk Tarik
Published: September 2024

Indian poetry in English has a deep engagement with plant imagination from its beginning. The discourse of plant imaginary, however, is never monolithic here. The early poems often use trees either as symbols or semantic entities. In other words, the representation of ontological identity of a tree is largely ignored in early Indian English poems barring a few remarkable exceptions. But contemporary Indian English poetry looks beyond the anthropomorphic vision of a tree and portrays plant subjectivity and plant agency. The depiction of a symbiotic relation between the human world and the arboreal world is also at the centre of this poetry. Some poems speak of plant personhood and even human aspiration for becoming a tree. The present paper critically reads the relevant poems of poets like Toru Dutt, Keki N. Daruwalla, Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, Gieve Patel, Dilip Chitre, Temsula Ao, Sumana Roy, Paresh Tiwari, Kiriti Sengupta among others, and explores all these issues from the perspectives of Critical Plant Studies. The paper also examines how Indian poetry in English is at times implicated in didacticism when it critiques the unprecedented botanical loss in the Anthropocene.
Language, Friendship, and God: Jesuit Appropriation of Classical Legends for Evangelical Use in Late Ming China
Authors: Li Sher-shiueh
Published: September 2024

Western Classicism came to Ming China through various channels including re-interpretations of “Aesop and His Tongues,” “Damon and Pythias,” and “The Sword of Damocles.” This paper traces ideas in these legends to sources in the Christian Bible and its related texts, and demonstrates how Jesuits recast these stories as vehicles for evangelizing Ming-dynasty intellectuals, with an obvious, ethical comparison of them with traditional Chinese texts.
Toxicological assessment of reactive blue 19 dye aqueous solutions under UV-LED light
Authors: Kanjal Muhammad Imran , Muneer Majid , Ullah Saif , Hussain Mazhar , Abbas Sohail , Afzal Muhammad Wasim , Amrane Abdeltif , Mouni Lotfi
Published: September 2024

The dye-contaminated industrial effluent causes serious health issues when it gets mixed with underground water without primary treatment. The current project was designed to treat reactive blue-19 dye aqueous solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) under UV-LED light. The characterization of the photocatalyst was carried out via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for structure, purity, and surface study. The effect of various factors such as pH, TiO2 dose, UV-LED light exposure time, H2O2, and dye concentration, on the degradation rate and cytotoxicity reduction was evaluated and optimized through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The maximum degradation of dye solution and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was achieved at 98.81  and 86.22 %, respectively for 50 ppm solution, using UV-LED/H2O2(3 %)/TiO2(6  g/L) hybrid process. The toxicity evaluation through the Allium cepa test demonstrated a 62.40, 65.2, and 56.97 % increase in root length (RL), root count (RC), and mitotic index (MI), respectively, following treatment with the UV-LED/H₂O₂/TiO₂ combined process for 150 min. The hemolytic and brine shrimp tests revealed a reduction in toxicity up to 92.18  and 84.08 %, respectively, after applying the same treatment. Additionally, the Ames test indicated up to 80.94 % reduction in mutagenicity for TA98 and an 84.04 % reduction for TA100 strain when dye samples were treated with UV-LED light in the presence of H₂O₂ and TiO₂ for 150 min. The findings suggested that UV-LED light in conjunction with H2O2 and TiO2 can be a useful tool for the degradation and detoxification of toxic pollutants found in textile wastewater.
Bioactive surface modification of Ti–Nb alloy by alkaline treatment in potassium hydroxide solution
Authors: Basry Nur Adila Amira , Zuhailawati Hussain , Shariff Khairul Anuar
Published: September 2024

The aim of this work is to compare the responsive behaviour of titanium, niobium and titanium–niobium alloy during alkaline treatment in forming alkaline titanate layer and their resultant bioactive properties. Titanium and niobium powder mixture with composition in the beta region was pressed at 550 MPa and sintered at 1,200 °C for 2 h. The alloy was soaked in potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at 60 °C for 24 h with different concentrations of 0.5 M and 5 M. The effect of post sintering-heat treatment was investigated by annealing the treated alloy at 600 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were used to evaluate the chemical composition and the functional group of material on the treated alloy surface respectively. Immersion in Hanks solution for 1 day resulted in traces of calcium and phosphate on alloy surfaces treated in different concentrations of alkali as well as post-heat treatment. The cell viability evaluation using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on the new beta-Ti alloy with potassium-based titanate layer demonstrated potassium hydroxide treatment with a 5 M concentration after post-heat treatment significantly improved cell proliferation, which is a prerequisite for bone mineral apatite deposition.
Towards a word similarity gold standard for Akkadian: creation and model optimization
Authors: Sahala Aleksi , Baragli Beatrice , Lentini Giulia , Tushingham Poppy
Published: September 2024

We present a word similarity gold standard for Akkadian, a language documented in ancient Mesopotamian sources from the 24th century BCE until the first century CE. The gold standard comprises 300 word pairs ranked by their paradigmatic similarity by five independently working Assyriologists. We use the gold standard to tune PMI + SVD and fastText models to improve their performance. We also present a hyper-parametrized PMI + SVD model for building count-based word embeddings, that aims to deal with the data sparsity and repetition issues encountered in Akkadian texts. Our model combines Dirichlet smoothing with context distribution smoothing, and uses context similarity weighting to down-sample distortion caused by formulaic litanies and partially or fully duplicated passages.
Prestige on Display: Markers of Economic and Social Status in Ur III Babylonia
Authors: Borrelli Noemi , Notizia Palmiro
Published: September 2024

The Ur III kingdom, which flourished in southern Mesopotamia at the end of the third millennium (ca. 2110–2003 BCE), produced and kept detailed administrative records from which historians can reconstruct the economic and social life of the period. Among these sources, we find household inventories of wealthy individuals, lists of temple treasures, receipts of luxury gifts, and accounts documenting allocations of prestige goods. Collectively, these documents shed light on the material culture of Babylonian society in the Early Bronze Age. Clothing, footwear, accessories, jewellery, weapons, and furniture feature among the objects most frequently associated with royals, priests, urban notables, and other elites. By combining data from these diverse textual sources and comparing them with possible parallels in glyptic iconography and the archaeological record, we will examine the elements that most clearly identify high-status individuals to determine the relationship between the economic and socio-cultural value of these objects, and reconstruct the context within which they were gifted and displayed.
Emerson’s Scholar: A Transcendental Response for Sentient Resilience
Authors: Chaves Christopher A. Ulloa
Published: September 2024

In this essay, I engage in an interpretive and critical analysis of Emerson’s The American Scholar (1837) essay wherein he states, “Our day of dependence, our longstanding apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws to a close.” I assert that the educational philosophy Emerson posits in this essay on how to educate the new American intellectual of his time, which includes curricular engagement with nature, books, action, and the development of the human traits Emerson characterized as “man thinking,” continues to be relevant for informing contemporary forms of liberal learning curricula; indeed, some of these curricula can represent a Transcendentalist response to the decaying effects of neo-liberal economic interests, anti-intellectual impulses, and the neglect of the perennial idea of learning for its own sake. I contemporize and critique Emerson’s ideas explored in The American Scholar by including the work of two philosophers namely Murray Miles and Iris Murdoch; and, Emerson and Transcendentalism scholars including Barbara Packer and Robert D. Richardson Jr. and others provide contextual insights about The American Scholar address’s implications for achieving self-reliance and a more autonomous creative impulse initiated through the liberal arts tradition, with special attention to the essential literary works of humanity.
Hydrogen susceptibility of Al 5083 under ultra-high strain rate ballistic loading
Authors: Baltacioglu Mehmet Furkan , Mozafari Farzin , Aydin Murat , Cetin Baris , Oktan Aynur Didem , Teoman Atanur , Li Yang , Bal Burak
Published: September 2024

The effect of hydrogen on the ballistic performance of aluminum (Al) 5083H131 was examined both experimentally and numerically in this study. Ballistics tests were conducted at a 30° obliquity in accordance with the ballistic test standard MIL-DTL-46027 K. The strike velocities of projectiles were ranged from 240 m s−1 to 500 m s−1 level in the room temperature. Electrochemical hydrogen charging method was utilized to introduce hydrogen into material. Chemical composition of material was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Instant camera pictures were captured using high-speed camera to compare H-uncharged and H-charged specimen ballistics tests. The volume loss in partially penetrated specimens were assessed using the 3D laser scanning method. Microstructural examinations were conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that with the increased deformation rate, the dominance of the HEDE mechanism over HELP became evident. Furthermore, the experimental findings were corroborated through numerical methods employing finite element analysis (FEM) along with the Johnson–Cook plasticity model and failure criteria. Inverse optimization technique was employed to implement and fine-tune the Johnson–Cook parameters for H-charged conditions. Upon comparing the experimental and numerical outcomes, a high degree of consistency was observed, indicating the effective performance of the model.
The challenge of dissecting the frog: cartoonists analyze their creative process
Authors: Pedrazzini Ana
Published: September 2024

This article delves into two intrinsic tensions present in humor and cartoons: funniness-seriousness and repetition-novelty. The focus is on the perspectives of cartoonists regarding the semiotic and rhetorical resources they put into play to create humor and satire. In this way, the study echoes a key question in semiotics, and particularly in multimodal studies: how image and words interplay in meaning-making. With that aim, a questionnaire was designed and filled out by 100 cartoonists from 22 different countries. The responses were analyzed applying mixed methods (content analysis, non-parametric statistical techniques, and network analysis). Based on the findings, four distinct profiles of cartoonists were identified, ranging from those who prioritize multimodality (the largest group) to those who favor the verbal mode. Cartoonists who prioritize the visual mode and skeptics to humor analysis fall in between. The article also discusses the various rhetorical resources that cartoonists declare to use to create humor, with irony and sarcasm being the most frequent ones, while puns are the least common. The results are examined in relation to the cartoonists’ conceptions of humor, satire, and the cartoon genre, as well as the different dimensions they considered when discussing their humor style. The study contributes to gaining a deeper understanding of the ways cartoonists use image and writing to create humor and satire and sheds light on an under-researched area in this field.
BAKLA PROTEİNİ: MİKRODALGA DESTEKLİ ÖZÜTLEME KOŞULLARININ OPTİMİZASYONU VE KARAKTERİSTİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN PEYNİRALTI SUYU PROTEİNİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Karakuş Mehmet Şükrü
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmada bakla proteini konsantresinin (BP) mikrodalga destekli özütleme işlemi, yanıt yüzey yöntemi kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Mikrodalga gücü (250-500 W) ve işlem süresi (10-60 dakika) bağımsız değişkenler olarak seçilmiş ve bu parametrelerin protein verimi üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. En yüksek protein verimi (%47.74), 481.70 W mikrodalga gücünde ve 50.68 dakika işlem süresinde elde edilmiştir. Optimum koşullarda elde edilen BP’nin karakteristik özellikleri ticari peyniraltı suyu proteini (PSP) ile kıyaslanmıştır. Proteinlerin karakteristik bağ yapıları fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) ile doğrulanmış ve molekül ağırlıkları sodyum dodesil-sülfat poliakrilamid jel elektroforezi (SDS-page) ile tespit edilmiştir. BP ve PSP’nin çözünürlük değerleri sırasıyla %80.23 ve %91.12 olarak belirlenmiştir (P <0.05). BP’nin köpük oluşturma özellikleri, emülsifiye edici davranışları ve stabilite katsayısı PSP’den daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar bitkisel proteinlerin gıda sistemlerinde alternatif protein kaynağı olarak değerlendirileceğini göstermiştir.
Conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem sobre preparo e administração de insulina em crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados
Authors: Lavor Sarah Arrais de , Magalhães Fernanda Jorge , Soares Andreia Ferreira , Oliveira Roberta Meneses , Oliveira Sherida Karanini Paz de
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem sobre o preparo e a administração de insulina em crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados. Métodos: estudo transversal com 64 profissionais de Enfermagem de um hospital público infantil de alta complexidade, recrutados por amostragem por conveniência. Utilizou-se um questionário para a coleta de dados; e o nível de conhecimento do profissional e a qualidade da assistência foram analisados pelo índice de positividade. Os princípios éticos e legais em pesquisa foram atendidos. Resultados: predominaram mulheres (94,4%) com média de idade de 37,16+8,09 anos, tempo médio de atuação em Pediatria de 13,90+ 8,91 anos. Dos 19 itens sobre insulina, prevaleceram aqueles considerados assistência sofrível (oito), seguidos de assistência limítrofe (cinco) o que pode ter impacto no preparo e na administração da insulina com repercussão glicêmica e metabólica no paciente pediátrico internado. Conclusão: evidenciaram-se as fragilidades em relação ao conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem em diversos aspectos sobre o uso de insulina em crianças e adolescentes no ambiente hospitalar. Contribuições para a prática: o estudo aborda lacunas do conhecimento da equipe de Enfermagem sobre a injeção de insulina, vislumbrando oportunidades de melhoria.
Establishment of Star-edited Y1 cells as a novel in vitro functional assay for STAR
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Narumi Satoshi , Sakuma Tetsushi , Shimura Kazuhiro , Ichihashi Yosuke , Yamamoto Takashi , Ishii Tomohiro , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: September 2024

Genetic variants involving steroidogenic acute regulatory protein cause lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is characterized by impaired steroidogenesis in the adrenal glands and gonads. Functional assessment of variant STAR proteins is necessary for an accurate genetic diagnosis. Ideally, steroidogenic cells should be used to assess the functionality of STAR proteins, but the presence of endogenous STARs in steroidogenic cells precludes such a method. Here, we generated Star-edited cells from steroidogenic Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells by genome editing. Star-edited Y1 cells exhibited very low but measurable cAMP-dependent pregnenolone production. Furthermore, stimulation of the cAMP pathway for 2 weeks resulted in the formation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of Star-edited Y1 cells, which resembled the histology of the adrenal glands of patients with lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The steroidogenic defect of Star-edited Y1 cells can be restored by transient overexpression of mouse Star. We found that human STAR can also restore defective steroidogenesis in Star-edited Y1 cells, and we were able to construct a novel in vitro system to evaluate human STAR variants. Collectively, we established Star-edited Y1 cells that retain the steroidogenic pathway downstream of the Star protein. Star-edited Y1 cells recapitulate the functional and morphological changes of lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia and can be used to evaluate the functionality of human STAR variants.
The Scientific Production of Women and their Presence in Management Position in Science and technology careers in the Ecuadorian Higher Education System
Authors: Escobar-Jiménez Christian , Torres Rentería Sergio , Delgado Alejandra
Published: September 2024

Aim. This paper analyzes the scientific production and the management positions in the universities of the Ecuadorian higher education system from a gender parity perspective, considering STEM careers as the central point of the analysis. Three perspectives was consider,: the underrepresentation of women in STEM careers, the underrepresentation of women in scientific production and in classic managerial positions, and the Norwegian paradox of equality.
Methods. This article used two databases: the first one was built from Ecuadorian scientific production, within the period 2010-2018, by the indexing platform SCOPUS. The second one, evaluates the presence of women in management positions and was built from the databases that universities and polytechnic schools report to the educational Ecuadorian  autority. Theoretical perspectives are discussed to explore the singularities of the Ecuadorian case, through an analytical and quantitative perspective.
Results. In the case of Ecuadorian scientific production men showed a greater presence in all fields, except for pedagogy and psychology. This results replicate for the case of higher education management positions (30% women, 60% men, on average).
Conclusions. The underrepresentation of women is generally confirmed, both in scientific production measured by publications, as well as in access to management positions, especially in science and technology. Also, in scientific publications, women are more likely to collaborate only with men, precisely because of the structures created around science, which not only have to do with the greater number of men involved, but probably with gender discrimination practices that are not visible in the mechanisms adopted for the analysis.
Deep learning-based detection and classification of intracranial tumors on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kondova Mariya , Korczynski Oliver , Müller-Eschner Matthias , Chan Winson , Sanner Antoine , Othman Ahmed , Brockmann Marc A. , Altmann Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Background

We evaluated the capability of an AI application to independently detect, segment and classify intracranial tumors in MRI.

Methods

In this retrospective single-centre study, 138 patients (65 female and 73 male) with a mean age of 35 ± 26y were included. 97 were diagnosed with an intracranial neoplasm, while 41 exhibited no intracranial pathology. Inclusion criteria were a 1.5 or 3.0T MRI dataset with the following sequences: T2 axial, T1 axial pre- and post-contrast with a slice thickness between 3 and 6 mm and no previous brain surgery. Image analysis was performed by two human readers (R1 = 5 years and R2 = 10 years of experience in brain MRI) and a deep learning (DL)-based AI model. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the AI model and the human readers to detect and correctly classify brain tumors were measured. Histological results served as the gold standard.

Results

The AI model reached a sensitivity of 93.81% [87.02–97.70] and a specificity of 63.41% [46.94–77.88], while human readers reached 100% [96.27–100.00] and 100% [91.40–100.00], respectively. Human readers provided a significantly higher accuracy rate with R1 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88–0.97) and R2 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.99) vs. 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66–0.81) for the AI model (P-value <0.001).

Conclusion

The underlying DL-based AI algorithm can independently identify and segment intracranial tumors while providing satisfactory results for establishing the correct diagnosis. Despite its current inferiority compared to experienced radiologists, it still experiences ongoing development and it is a step towards developing an artificial intelligence-augmented radiology workflow.
Criminal law protection of state symbols in the countries of Central Europe: Common features and differences
Authors: Tóth Zoltán J. , Flander Benjamin , Syryt Aleksandra , Tribl Norbert , Frumarová Kateřina , Skrobák Ján
Published: September 2024

The paper deals with criminal law protection of state and national symbols in five Central European countries. It aims at reviewing the regulation of these symbols concerning the penal law level, and compare the characteristics of the legal systems analyzed. The paper concludes that there is no significant difference in the protection of state or national symbols at the level of legal regulation between the geographically eastern and western countries of Europe. The state and national symbols (flags, coats of arms or anthems) are symbols of state identity and of the unity of citizens, whose ideological role in forming identity justifies even their protection under criminal law.
The Medieval Origins of Commandaria
Authors: Weaver William Woys
Published: September 2024

The author examines the history of Commandaria,  the legendary sweet wine from Cyprus commonly understood to be the denomination with the longest continuous identity of any wine in Europe.
Bürokrasi Kuramları ve İşlevselliği: Marksist, Liberal ve Diğer Kuramlar Dahilinde Bir Analiz
Authors: Çiftçi Abdulgaffar , Şen Alper Tunga
Published: September 2024

Bürokrasi devlet yönetiminin yapısal işleyişini sağlayan mekanizma olması ve kendine özgü belirli özellikleri barındırması sebebiyle birçok teorisyenin araştırmalarına konu olmuştur. Çalışmada bahsedilen teorisyenler, savundukları ideolojiler, içinde bulundukları ekonomik gelişme düzeyleri, yönetim biçimleri, hükümet sistemleri gibi değişkenlerin etkisinde kalarak bürokrasi ile ilgili görüşlerini ortaya koymuşlardır. Çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak sosyalist ve liberal yaklaşımlar temelinde görüşlere yer verilmiş olunsa da bürokrasi hakkında önemli katkılar sunan yönetim bilimcilerin de çeşitli yaklaşımlarına yer verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Marx, bürokrasiyi egemen sınıfın kullandığı bir güç olarak ortaya koyarken, Hegel ise, bürokrasiye kamusal hizmetlerin yürütülmesinde devlet ve sivil toplum kuruluşları arasında aracı /köprü görevinde bulunma rolü atfetmiştir. Gerek klasik Liberal görüşlerin temelini atan Hobbes, Locke, Mill gibi teorisyenler, gerekse de Hayek ve Mises gibi Liberal görüşe mensup olan kişiler bürokrasinin kamusal hizmetlerdeki önemli rolünü görmezden gelmemiş; fakat devletin ve bürokrasinin kamunun yararına olacak şekilde sınırlandırılmasının da kaçınılmaz olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Weber tarafından “ideal bir bürokrasi” tanımlaması yapılmış; Bennis ise Weber’in geliştirdiği teorinin günümüz kamu yönetimi şartlarına uygun olmadığını iddia etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın esası ise bürokrasi kavramının gelişim seyrini literatürden yararlanarak tarihsel bir bakış açısıyla açıklamaktır. Çalışmada sözü edilen bu teorisyenlerin ortaya koyduğu çeşitli görüşler ortaya konularak, bürokrasinin günümüzdeki işlevselliğinin artırılması hedeflenmiştir.
PERCEPÇÕES DE DOCENTES DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA ACERCA DA REORGANIZAÇÃO CURRICULAR DO NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: SANTOS JOSÉ VITOR PALHARES DOS , REPOLÊS MARIA CATARINA PAIVA
Published: September 2024

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as percepções de docentes da educação profissional e tecnológica da Fundação Osorio acerca da atual organização curricular proposta pelo Novo Ensino Médio. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de survey qualitativo, pela aplicação de questionário on-line com 35 docentes da educação profissional e tecnológica da Fundação Osorio, utilizando a ferramenta Google Formulários. Os dados foram analisados mediante Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que os desdobramentos da Reforma do Ensino Médio recaem, principalmente, sobre docentes do ensino propedêutico, enquanto professores das disciplinas técnicas relataram poucas implicações sobre o trabalho didático-pedagógico e sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Além disso, muitos docentes acreditam que o Novo Ensino Médio poderá impactar de forma negativa a qualidade dos cursos técnicos e o perfil dos profissionais a serem formados, tendo em vista a desvalorização de algumas disciplinas nos currículos em detrimento de outras, além da falta de preparação e adesão efetiva dos professores e dos alunos à reforma. A interdisciplinaridade foi citada como principal benefício da reforma, porém, ao mesmo tempo, a realização de atividades e avaliações integradas foi ressaltada como principal dificuldade, haja vista o agrupamento das disciplinas em grandes áreas. Esta pesquisa permite avançar na discussão ainda incipiente sobre a importância da avaliação de currículos escolares, sobretudo após o Novo Ensino Médio, já que a reforma é recente e poucos estudos avaliaram seus desdobramentos.
ANÁLISE DAS PERCEPÇÕES DE TILS QUANTO À ATUAÇÃO NO ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL
Authors: SANSÃO WELBERT VINÍCIUS DE SOUZA , CRUZ-SANTOS ANABELA
Published: September 2024

RESUMO: Este artigo objetiva analisar as percepções de tradutores e intérpretes de Libras/Língua Portuguesa (TILS) quanto à atuação e aos processos tradutórios frente ao período pandêmico no Brasil. O estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, no qual foi confeccionado um questionário no Google Forms dirigido aos TILS atuantes no ensino remoto emergencial no Brasil. O questionário foi divulgado online nas redes sociais, em grupos de TILS, nos centros de capacitação de profissionais da educação e de atendimento às pessoas com surdez (CAS), nas federações de TILS e associações de surdos a fim de conseguirmos o maior alcance possível aos participantes alvo deste estudo. Para tanto, responderam 58 participantes ao pedido de participação no estudo. A partir dos dados analisados, verificou-se que houve transformações drásticas que refletem na atuação desses profissionais que incidem em três aspectos principais: (1) o (re)conhecimento da profissão e a formação dos TILS; (2) as transformações das atividades desempenhadas pelos TILS durante a pandemia; e (3) o lócus de trabalho no ensino remoto emergencial.
(IM)POSSIBLE LIMITS AND REACHES BETWEEN PSYCHOANALYSIS AND EDUCATION: FROM FREUD’S TIME TO THE PRESENT
Authors: SANTOS SILVANO MESSIAS DOS , ALMEIDA INÊS MARIA MARQUES ZANFORLIN PIRES DE
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to discuss the interface between Psychoanalysis and Education. To this end, a historical journey is made through attempts to bring the fields closer together: part of the first decade of the twentieth century, when the dialogues around the relationship between Psychoanalysis and Education began with Sándor Ferenczi and Oskar Pfister, among other contemporary authors of Freud, and then transit through psychoanalytic studies in the field of Education developed in Brazil over the last 100 years. The experiences and theoretical-practical productions socialized by the wide list of intellectuals interested in the possible incidences of psychoanalysis in the educational field, in Brazil and other countries, lead us to admit that, although they encounter resistance both in the psychoanalytic environment and within educational studies, the possible encounters between both areas should not be ignored, not from the perspective of one field that overlaps the other, but of two fields that can hurt and nourish each other. Thus, it is concluded that, after more than a century of Sigmund Freud’s invention, the limits and scope of the interlocutions of Psychoanalysis and Education do not cease to be (not) inscribed, inciting fruitful debates on consecrated pedagogical themes or aspects involved in education.
Leiomyosarcoma associated with acute abdomen and uterine torsion in a white-collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu)
Authors: Melo Elizandra T. , Lima Telma S. , Bom Hisadora A.S.C. , B. Silva-Filho Givaldo , Fonseca Silvio M.C. , Santos José R.P. , Andrade Andrezza C. , Lima Polly Ana C.P. , Evêncio-Neto Joaquim , Mendonça Fábio S.
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to report a leiomyosarcoma associated with acute abdomen and uterine torsion in an 8-year-old, nulliparous, white-collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) kept under human care. The animal presented a two-day clinical history of abdominal bulging, vaginal discharge, and acute abdomen. Ultrasound findings indicated an intrabdominal tumor, and an exploratory laparotomy followed by an emergency ovariohysterectomy was performed to remove the tumor. Grossly, the right horn exhibited a firm, friable tumor measuring 23cm in diameter and weighing 9.3kg. On the cut surface, the tumor drained a foul-smelling fluid and bloody content. The tumor wall was 6cm thick, dark red, firm, and had a brittle, soft, yellow fibrillar material firmly adhered to its surface. Microscopically, the lesion consisted of malignant proliferation of leiomyocytes with necrosis and hemorrhage of the endometrium and myometrium. The cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells was strongly immunopositive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin but negative for cytokeratin and desmin. Leiomyosarcoma is uncommon in Tayassuidae, and its clinicopathological presentation may be concomitant with acute abdomen, uterine torsion, and pyometra. These conditions should be included in the differential diagnosis of reproductive diseases observed in female peccaries.
A episteme médica e as incertezas do diagnóstico de Covid longa: um ensaio antropológico
Authors: Ferreira Jaqueline , Nóbrega Graziani Araújo de Lima da
Published: September 2024

Resumo A Covid longa é uma condição subsequente da infecção aguda pela Covid-19 com persistência dos sintomas por longo tempo ou agravamento ou surgimento de outras complicações. Apesar da recorrência desse fenômeno há uma invisibilidade diagnóstica. Este ensaio objetiva analisar, sob o ponto de vista da epistemologia médica, as incertezas que circundam esse fenômeno desde a sua atribuição como doença e os sintomas inespecíficos, sobretudo a fadiga, que terminam por influenciar a sua invisibilidade diagnóstica. Esse tipo de análise é uma proposta sintonizada com a abordagem socioantropológica da saúde e doença e da antropologia da biomedicina. Por tratar-se de um problema de saúde global e que se traduz em uma condição incapacitante temporária ou permanente, compreender as razões de sua invisibilidade diagnóstica do ponto de vista da biomedicina ocidental pode auxiliar na sua melhor compreensão e na gestão do seu cuidado.
Tendência temporal da mortalidade fetal segundo duas classificações de evitabilidade do óbito
Authors: Xavier Rebeca Danielly Barros , Vilela Mirella Bezerra Rodrigues , Bonfim Cristine Vieira do , Oliveira Conceição Maria , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de , Sarinho Silvia Wanick
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade fetal e de seus componentes, das causas evitáveis e mal definidas segundo duas classificações de evitabilidade no Recife, Pernambuco, 2010–2021. Método: Estudo ecológico de tendência temporal para a mortalidade fetal no Recife, 2010–2021. Foram utilizadas as classificações de evitabilidade Lista Brasileira de Causas de Morte Evitáveis para óbitos fetais (LBE-OF) e Lista Brasileira de Causas de Morte Evitáveis para menores de cinco anos (LBE < 5). O modelo de regressão Joinpoint foi aplicado para analisar as tendências temporais. Resultados: As tendências da mortalidade fetal e de seus componentes foram estacionárias. O grupo de causas evitáveis apresentou maiores taxas de mortalidade nas duas classificações, com tendência crescente segundo a LBE-OF (Variação Percentual Anual-APC: 2,1; p = 0,018) e estacionária segundo a LBE < 5. Houve tendência decrescente para a mortalidade por causas mal definidas apenas conforme a LBE-OF (APC: –12,3; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciaram a estagnação da tendência temporal da mortalidade fetal, a evitabilidade da maior parte dos óbitos, e a potencialidade da LBE-OF no monitoramento da qualidade das informações sobre as causas básicas e evitabilidade dos óbitos fetais.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among young adults in Brazil: Results of the 2013 and 2019 editions of the National Health Survey
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de , Soares Fabiana Alves , Aquino Priscila de Souza , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa , Alves Gilberto Sousa , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population aged 18 to 24, according to socioeconomic and demographic aspects in Brazil, comparing its evolution between 2013 and 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data obtained from National Health Survey 2013 and 2019. It were included 7,823 young adulthood (aged 18 to 24) from 2013 and 8,047 from 2019. The instrument used to assess depression was the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All estimates included population weights and complex sampling. Results: The prevalence of depression almost doubled: 10.9% (95%CI 9.6–12.2) in 2019, compared to 5.6% (95%CI 4.8–6.4) in 2013, an absolute difference of 5.3% (4.5–6.0) greater. Women were the most affected in both surveys, with an increase between 2013 (8.3%; 95%CI 6.9–9.6) and 2019 (15.6%; 95%CI 13.5–17.6) higher than that of men (2013: 2.9%; 95%CI 2.0–3.8 and 2019: 6.2%; 95%CI 4.7–7.7). In both sexes, the pattern of increase was greater for the groups aged 18 to 20, not participating in religious activities, who were at the lowest levels of education and income, who lived with two or three or more people, who lived in the Northeast, Southeast, capitals and metropolitan areas of the country. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of depressive symptoms over the six years between the two surveys. However, this increase did not occur homogeneously among the characteristics analyzed, indicating population groups and locations in Brazil where the presence of these symptoms increased most in the period.