bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review evaluating metacognitive beliefs in health anxiety and somatic distress
Authors: Keen Edwina , Kangas Maria , Gilchrist Philippe T.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Increasing evidence suggests metacognitive beliefs may underpin transdiagnostic mechanisms maintaining psychopathology. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate published studies investigating the role of metacognitive beliefs in somatic distress in adult samples.

Method

A systematic review was conducted, spanning five data bases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were qualitatively synthesized.

Results

Thirty‐six studies (N = 12,390) met inclusion criteria with results suggesting a relatively consistent positive relationship between metacognitive beliefs and somatic distress. Both general and syndrome‐specific metacognitive beliefs demonstrated relationships with not only emotional distress, but also physical symptoms themselves.

Conclusions

Results are discussed in terms of conceptualizing somatic distress through the Self‐Regulatory Executive Function (S‐REF) Model. Future research into metacognitive therapy for somatic populations is recommended.
Statistical modelling of vignette data in psychology
Authors: Baguley Thom , Dunham Grace , Steer Oonagh
Published: June 2022

Vignette methods are widely used in psychology and the social sciences to obtain responses to multi‐dimensional scenarios or situations. Where quantitative data are collected this presents challenges to the selection of an appropriate statistical model. This depends on subtle details of the design and allocation of vignettes to participants. A key distinction is between factorial survey experiments where each participant receives a different allocation of vignettes from the full universe of possible vignettes and experimental vignette studies where this restriction is relaxed. The former leads to nested designs with a single random factor and the latter to designs with two crossed random factors. In addition, the allocation of vignettes to participants may lead to fractional or unbalanced designs and a consequent loss of efficiency or aliasing of the effects of interest. Many vignette studies (including some factorial survey experiments) include unmodeled heterogeneity between vignettes leading to potentially serious problems if traditional regression approaches are adopted. These issues are reviewed and recommendations are made for the efficient design of vignette studies including the allocation of vignettes to participants. Multilevel models are proposed as a general approach to handling nested and crossed designs including unbalanced and fractional designs. This is illustrated with a small vignette data set looking at judgements of online and offline bullying and harassment.
Differential perivascular microglial activation in the deep white matter in vascular dementia developed post‐stroke
Authors: Hase Yoshiki , Ameen‐Ali Kamar E. , Waller Rachel , Simpson Julie E. , Stafford Charlotte , Mahesh Ayushi , Ryan Lucy , Pickering Lucy , Bodman Caroline , Hase Mai , Boche Delphine , Horsburgh Karen , Wharton Stephen B. , Kalaria Raj N.
Published: June 2022

With the hypothesis that perivascular microglia are involved as neuroinflammatory components of the gliovascular unit contributing to white matter hyperintensities on MRI and pathophysiology, we assessed their status in stroke survivors who develop dementia. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods were used to assess the distribution and quantification of total and perivascular microglial cell densities in 68 brains focusing on the frontal lobe WM and overlying neocortex in post‐stroke dementia (PSD), post‐stroke non‐dementia (PSND) and similar age control subjects. We primarily used CD68 as a marker of phagocytic microglia, as well as other markers of microglia including Iba‐1 and TMEM119, and the myeloid cell marker TREM2 to assess dementia‐specific changes. We first noted greater total densities of CD68+ and TREM2+ cells per mm2 in the frontal WM compared to the overlying cortex across the stroke cases and controls (p = 0.001). PSD subjects showed increased percentage of activated perivascular CD68+ cells distinct from ramified or primed microglia in the WM (p < 0.05). However, there was no apparent change in perivascular TREM2+ cells. Total densities of TREM2+ cells were only ~10% of CD68+ cells but there was high degree of overlap (>70%) between them in both the WM and the cortex. CD68 and Iba‐1 or CD68 and TMEM119 markers were colocalised by ~55%. Within the deep WM, ~30% of CD68+ cells were co‐localised with fragments of degraded myelin basic protein. Among fragmented CD68+ cells in adjacent WM of PSD subjects, >80% of the cells expressed cleaved caspase‐3. Our observations suggest although the overall repertoire of perivascular microglial cells is not changed in the parenchyma, PSD subjects accrue more perivascular‐activated CD68+ microglia rather than TREM2+ cells. This implies there is a subset of CD68+ cells, which are responsible for the differential response in perivascular inflammation within the gliovascular unit of the deep WM.
Reimagining Language
Authors: Cohn Neil , Schilperoord Joost
Published: June 2022

Since its inception, the study of language has been a central pillar to Cognitive Science. Despite an “amodal view,” where language is thought to “flow into” modalities indiscriminately, speech has always been considered the prototypical form of the linguistic system. However, this view does not hold up to the evidence about language and expressive modalities. While acknowledgment of both the nonvocal modalities and multimodality has grown over the last 40 years in linguistics and psycholinguistics, this has not yet led to a necessary shift in the mainstream linguistic paradigm. Such a shift requires reconfiguring models of language to account for multimodality, and demands a different view on what the linguistic system is and how it works, necessitating a Cognitive Science sensitive to the full richness of human communication.
Partially latent factors based multi‐view subspace learning
Authors: Lu Run‐kun , Liu Jian‐Wei , Liu Ze‐Yu , Chen Jinzhong
Published: June 2022

Multi‐view subspace clustering always performs well in high‐dimensional data analysis, but is sensitive to the quality of data representation. To this end, a two‐stage fusion strategy is proposed to embed representation learning into the process of multi‐view subspace clustering. This article first proposes a novel matrix factorization method that can separate the coupling consistent and complementary information from observations of multiple views. Based on the obtained latent representations, we further propose two subspace clustering strategies: feature‐level fusion and subspace‐level hierarchical strategy. The feature‐level method concatenates all kinds of latent representations from multiple views, and the original problem therefore degenerates to a single‐view subspace clustering process. The subspace‐level hierarchical method performs different self‐expressive reconstruction processes on the corresponding complementary and consistent latent representations coming from each view, that is, the prior constraints imposed on different types of subspace representations are related to the relevant input factors. Finally, extensive experimental results on real‐world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed methods by comparing them against some state‐of‐the‐art subspace clustering algorithms.
Vision function in children 10 years after grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage with ventricular dilation: A masked prospective study
Authors: Williams Cathy , Warnes Penny , Jary Sally , Young Grace , Blair Peter S. , Benton Christopher P. , Miller Helen , Whitelaw Andrew , Pople Ian , Luyt Karen ,   DRIFT10 study group
Published: June 2022

Aim

We examined children 10 to 11 years after grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage and ventricular dilation (IVHVD) and investigated whether the grade of IVHVD affected their visual outcome. We explored associations between visual outcomes with cognitive outcomes and extra support at school.

Method

The visual examinations were part of a 10‐year follow‐up study for children in a randomized trial. Testers followed a protocol and were masked to whether the child had experienced grade 3 or grade 4 IVHVD and all other data.

Results

Thirty‐two children were tested: 24 were male and mean (standard deviation) age was 10 years 5 months (1 year 2 months); range 8 years 9 months to 12 years 9 months. All had at least one visual impairment. The median (interquartile range) number of impairments per child was six (six to nine) for children who experienced a grade 4 IVHVD compared with three (two to four) for children who experienced a grade 3 IVHVD (p = 0.003). Each extra vision impairment per child was associated with increased educational support at school, after adjustment for developmental age equivalence (odds ratio = 1.7 [95% confidence interval 1.1–2.6], p = 0.015).

Interpretation

Children who experience grade 3 or 4 IVHVD have a high level of visual morbidity at age 10 to 11 years. These children may have unmet visual needs and their outcomes might improve if these needs could be addressed.

What this paper adds

Parent‐reported questionnaire responses underestimated directly assessed visual morbidity.

Grade 4 intraventricular haemorrhage and ventricular dilatation (IVHVD) was followed by more vision impairments than grade 3 IVHVD.

Simple tests of visual perceptual skills correlated with the neuropsychology tests.

Children with supranuclear eye movement disorders were more likely to be receiving extra help at school.

Each additional visual impairment increased the likelihood of extra educational support.
Why national development experts are not included in development policy‐making and practice: The case of Ghana
Authors: Kamruzzaman Palash , Kumi Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

Motivation

This article contributes to the debate around understanding whether and how the identity of aid workers (e.g. nationality, race, etc.) can contribute to inequality within various aid relationships. As “decolonizing development” is often employed either as a slogan or genuine goal, it is imperative that the politics of exclusion among/within development experts is critically scrutinized.

Purpose

This article explores the processes of and the motivations behind how national development experts (NDEs) are frequently excluded in development policy‐making and practice in Ghana.

Methods and approach

This article relies on qualitative research methods and draws from semi‐structured interviews conducted in two phases in 2017 and 2018 in Ghana. We focus on the narratives of the NDEs in Ghana who are perceived to be well placed to elucidate different mechanics of exclusionary processes and practice.

Findings

International development experts (IDEs) are able to set agendas and exercise development decision‐making power as their governments or organizations provide funding for many development projects. This allows IDEs to influence development policies and practices in a way that eventually excludes the NDEs from development policy‐making in Ghana. We also reveal internal competition and power relations between NDEs and local actors (i.e. bureaucrats and politicians) can also exclude the NDEs from development policy‐making processes, a feature that is non‐existent in current scholarship.

Policy implications

The exclusion of NDEs from national development decision‐making processes undermines efforts to promote national ownership. It is important to adopt a holistic approach that does not just focus on one particular aspect (e.g. power inequality among different actors) of exclusionary practice in international development but also looks into local political‐cultural settings as well as possible internal competition for resources.
Cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with the use of lamotrigine
Authors: Christensen Jakob , Trabjerg Betina B. , Dreier Julie Werenberg
Published: June 2022

Objective

The US Food and Drug Administration recently issued a warning against the use of the antiseizure medication lamotrigine in people at risk of cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities. This study assessed the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality in new users of lamotrigine.

Methods

In a Danish population‐based cohort study, we followed cohort members aged ≥15 years for the first 2 years after they initiated lamotrigine therapy. The main outcomes were cardiac conduction disorders in people without pre‐existing cardiac morbidity and all‐cause mortality in people with pre‐existing cardiac morbidity. Cox proportional hazards models provided hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for comparison of the risk in current versus past users of lamotrigine.

Results

There were 91 949 (36 618 males [39.8%]) new users of lamotrigine (median age = 45.7 years, interquartile range = 32.0–60.2 years). Among users without pre‐existing cardiac disease (n = 86 769), 194 (.23%) developed a cardiac conduction disorder. Comparison of the risk in current and past lamotrigine treatment periods yielded an adjusted HR of new onset cardiac conduction disorder of 1.03 (95% CI = .76–1.40). Among users with pre‐existing cardiac disease (n = 5180), 1150 (22.2%) died. Comparison of the risk in current and past lamotrigine treatment periods yielded an adjusted HR for all cause‐mortality of 1.05 (95% CI = .93–1.19).

Significance

In this large population‐based study, lamotrigine use was associated neither with a risk of cardiac conduction disorders in people without pre‐existing cardiac morbidity nor with all‐cause mortality in people with pre‐existing cardiac morbidity.
Which hidradenitis suppurativa comorbidities should I take into account?
Authors: Tzellos Thrasyvoulos , Zouboulis Christos C.
Published: June 2022

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent skin inflammatory disease associated with a variety of comorbidities, like metabolic syndrome, reduced quality of life, sexual dysfunction, working disability, inflammatory bowel disease, axial spondyloarthritis, depression and anxiety. Like psoriasis, HS patients have been found to have higher risk of cardiovascular death and suicide risk. Evidence suggests that for such a chronic, multi‐comorbid disease, the use of validated outcomes to assess severity and effect of treatment, along with the use of clinically important patient reported outcomes, is essential. Clinicians should be informed about these comorbidities so that appropriate screening is implemented. The potential of available treatments to negatively and positively affect these comorbidities should also be taken into account when designing treatment strategies. This article aims to provide an outline of important HS comorbidities with emphasis on possible implications for daily clinical practice.
A three‐factor ethical reasoning model for court‐involved practitioners: Services, roles, and values
Authors: Wittmann Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2022

Court‐involved mental health professionals (CIMHPs) practice in a context fraught with ethical challenges and complexity. Prior commentators have offered perspectives on the factors that should be considered as these ethical issues are navigated, yet no structured system for organizing the process of ethical analysis has been offered to date in this area of practice. The three‐factor ethical reasoning model described below suggests the following basic process: (a) the operational definition of the service (s) requested; (b) a precise definition of the professional role that will be assumed for each separate service; and (c) an analysis of the ethical issues within a case by referencing promulgated statutes, regulations, codes, and guidelines, as well as foundational values.
Grazing and global change factors differentially affect biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships in grassland ecosystems
Authors: He Miao , Pan Yuhan , Zhou Guiyao , Barry Kathryn E. , Fu Yuling , Zhou Xuhui
Published: June 2022

Grazing and global change (e.g., warming, nitrogen deposition, and altered precipitation) both contribute to biodiversity loss and alter ecosystem structure and functioning. However, how grazing and global change interactively influence plant diversity and ecosystem productivity, and their relationship remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we synthesized 73 field studies to quantify the individual and/or interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on biodiversity‐productivity relationship in grasslands. Our results showed that grazing significantly reduced plant richness by 3.7% and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) by 29.1%, but increased belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) by 9.3%. Global change factors, however, decreased richness by 8.0% but increased ANPP and BNPP by 13.4% and 14.9%, respectively. Interestingly, the strength of the change in biodiversity in response to grazing was positively correlated with the strength of the change in BNPP. Yet, global change flipped these relationships from positive to negative even when combined with grazing. These results indicate that the impacts of global change factors are more dominant than grazing on the belowground biodiversity‐productivity relationship, which is contrary to the pattern of aboveground one. Therefore, incorporating global change factors with herbivore grazing into Earth system models is necessary to accurately predict climate‐grassland carbon cycle feedbacks in the Anthropocene.
Projected climate change impact on a coastal sea—As significant as all current pressures combined
Authors: Wåhlström Iréne , Hammar Linus , Hume Duncan , Pålsson Jonas , Almroth‐Rosell Elin , Dieterich Christian , Arneborg Lars , Gröger Matthias , Mattsson Martin , Zillén Snowball Lovisa , Kågesten Gustav , Törnqvist Oscar , Breviere Emilie , Brunnabend Sandra‐Esther , Jonsson Per R.
Published: June 2022

Climate change influences the ocean's physical and biogeochemical conditions, causing additional pressures on marine environments and ecosystems, now and in the future. Such changes occur in environments that already today suffer under pressures from, for example, eutrophication, pollution, shipping, and more. We demonstrate how to implement climate change into regional marine spatial planning by introducing data of future temperature, salinity, and sea ice cover from regional ocean climate model projections to an existing cumulative impact model. This makes it possible to assess climate change impact in relation to pre‐existing cumulative impact from current human activities. Results indicate that end‐of‐century projected climate change alone is a threat of the same magnitude as the combination of all current pressures to the marine environment. These findings give marine planners and policymakers forewarning on how future climate change may impact marine ecosystems, across space, emission scenarios, and in relation to other pressures.
Spatially explicit risk mapping reveals direct anthropogenic impacts on migratory birds
Authors: Buchan Claire , Franco Aldina M. A. , Catry Inês , Gamero Anna , Klvaňová Alena , Gilroy James J.
Published: June 2022

Aim

Migratory species rely on multiple ranges across the annual cycle, rendering them vulnerable to a wide range of spatially disparate anthropogenic threats. The spatial distribution of these threats will strongly influence the magnitude of their population‐scale effects, but this has not been quantitatively assessed for most species.

Location

Europe, Central Asia, Western Asia, Africa.

Time period

Modern.

Major taxa studied

Aves.

Methods

We combined remote‐sensed data and expert opinion to map 16 anthropogenic threats relevant to migratory birds across Europe, Africa and the Middle East – including the first spatially‐explicit pan‐continental assessment of relative hunting pressure. By combining the resulting composite threat maps with species range polygons and morpho‐behavioural traits‐based weightings (reflecting relative threat susceptibility), we created species‐specific risk maps for 103 Afro‐Palaearctic migratory birds breeding in Europe and evaluated how spatial threat vulnerability relates to long‐term population trends.

Results

We found that greater vulnerability to direct mortality threats (including hunting pressure, infrastructure and nocturnal lights), especially in the non‐breeding season, is associated with declining bird population trends.

Main conclusions

Our results emphasize the importance of spatially explicit approaches to quantifying anthropogenic drivers of population declines. Composite risk maps represent a valuable resource for spatial analyses of anthropogenic threats to migratory birds, allowing for targeted conservation actions.
Neoliberal feminism in old age: Femininity, work, and retirement in the aftermath of the Great Recession
Authors: Fegitz Ella
Published: June 2022

This article employs a Foucauldian discourse analysis of UK social policy on work and retirement from the austerity measures of 2010 to 2019, to explore the emergence of older femininity as a key site to articulate and justify a neoliberal governmentality in old age, in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Feminist Cultural Studies' scholarship has remarked and critiqued the centrality of work in contemporary cultural discourses of female emancipation and empowerment, highlighting how the celebration of female workplace success has been employed to sustain the social, cultural, and economic project of neoliberalism. However, this academic field has focused predominantly on young women and women up to childbearing age, failing to account for the way older femininity is being increasingly included in neoliberal discourses through the encouragement to work in old age. Through the dialogic relationship between ‘entrepreneurialism’ and―what I call―‘gendered anti‐welfarism’ in old age, the UK social policy draws on a feminist vocabulary to offer ‘the older entrepreneurial woman’ as its ideal subject, characterized by capacity and willingness to work, personal and job‐market flexibility, responsibilization and individualization of risk, and―but only for the more privileged few―choice. Ultimately, the article illustrates how contemporary cultural discourses that place work as central to female empowerment and emancipation are not limited to younger women, but extend to older femininity through the normalization of the figure of the older entrepreneurial woman, with the articulation of a ‘neoliberal feminism in old age’.
MicroRNA‐23a‐3p promotes macrophage M1 polarization and aggravates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury by regulating PLK1/STAT1/STAT3 signalling
Authors: Jiang Tao , Sun Li , Zhu Jun , Li Ning , Gu Haibo , Zhang Ying , Li Miaomiao , Xu Jiayao
Published: June 2022

Macrophage polarization is an important effector process in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players in regulating ALI process. Here, we showed that elevated microRNA‐23a‐3p (miR‐23a‐3p) promoted LPS‐induced macrophage polarization and ALI in mice, while inhibition of miR‐23a‐3p led to reduced macrophage response and ameliorated ALI inflammation. Mechanically, miR‐23a‐3p regulated macrophage M1 polarization through targeting polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1). PLK1 was downregulated in LPS‐treated macrophages and ALI mouse lung tissues. Knockdown of PLK1 increased macrophage M1 polarization through promoting STAT1/STAT3 activation, while overexpression of PLK1 reduced macrophage immune response. Collectively, our results reveal a key miRNA regulon that regulates macrophage polarization for LPS‐induced immune response.
Fat type and baking conditions for cookies recipe: a sensomic approach
Authors: Merlino Maria , Arena Elena , Cincotta Fabrizio , Condurso Concetta , Brighina Selina , Grasso Antonia , Fallico Biagio , Verzera Antonella
Published: June 2022

Fat replacement is a particular challenge for food technologists as it determines changes in the rheological properties, which could be translated into a reduction of the consumer's acceptability. In this context, a sensomic approach has been applied to cookies obtained by using different fats and baking conditions for orienting product development towards end‐consumers’ expectations. The approach included instrumental analyses, gas‐chromatography‐mass‐spectrometry, high‐performance‐liquid‐chromatography, qualitative‐descriptive‐analysis, consumer's acceptability test and Multivariate data analysis. Preference map was applied by combining the analytical with the hedonic sensory data. Cookies made of different fats were characterised by a typical sensory profile which was influenced by the baking conditions; the amount of the aroma volatile and dicarbonyl compounds also distinguished the different cookies samples. The approach allowed to verify the sensory interactions among the different studied chemical compounds and how these influence sensory properties and the main sensory features on which consumers focus their preferences.
Superfine grinding improves the physicochemical, sensory and functional characteristics of Hanfu apple pomace
Authors: Yan Tingcai , Liu Ran , Shi Lin , Wang Yanqun , Meng Xianjun , Shen Yixiao
Published: June 2022

Apple pomace (APP) is the main by‐product in apple processing industry with abundant functional components. To improve the APP economic value, superfine grinding (SG) was used as an effective processing method. The result showed that SG provided great uniformity and particle size of APP. Also, with SG treatment, the water‐holding capacity and oil‐holding capacity increased from 7.50 to 8.13 g g−1 and from 2.07 to 3.81 g g−1, respectively. Furthermore, SG enhanced the sensory properties by increasing the brightness, yellowness and sweetness and decreasing the sourness and bitterness of APP. For functional properties, SG increased total phenols content, total flavonoids content and the soluble dietary fibre from 5.83 to 8.86 mg g−1, from 4.39 to 6.43 mg g−1 and from 8.50% to 14.51%, respectively. Therefore, SG improved the physicochemical, sensory and functional characteristics of APP powder. The results would provide important information for applying SG techniques in processing APP or other fruit by‐products for future commercial market purposes.
Coexistence of obesity and hunger in young adolescents: Evidence from the Global School‐based Student Health Survey
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Fu Peipei , Zhang Min , Zhou Chengchao
Published: June 2022

Background

Hunger and obesity among young adolescents are serious public health issues; however, the relationship between these issues in this demographic has yet to be examined.

Objective

To determine whether both obesity and hunger coexist in young adolescents from a global perspective.

Methods

We analysed data of 142 565 adolescents (age, 12–15 years) from 60 countries from the Global School‐based Student Health Survey.

Results

Total prevalence of moderate and severe hunger was 22.32% and 7.8%, respectively—with the highest in Africa (29.14% and 12.14%, respectively) and the lowest in the Americas (16.83% and 5.31%, respectively). The prevalence of obesity among adolescents with severe hunger was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.38) times the prevalence among those without hunger; however, this association varied across countries or regions. Moreover, the prevalence of obesity was 17% (95% CI: 1.04–1.29) higher in adolescent girls with moderate hunger in high‐income countries, 91% (95% CI: 1.23–2.58) higher in adolescents with severe hunger in low‐income countries and 54% (95% CI: 1.34–1.76) higher in lower middle–income countries compared to those without hunger.

Conclusions

Both obesity and hunger coexist in adolescent populations worldwide. Our findings emphasize the need for double‐duty actions to simultaneously address burdens of hunger and obesity among adolescents.
Cord blood leptin level and a common variant of its receptor as determinants of the BMI trajectory: The EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Cissé Aminata H. , Taine Marion , Tafflet Muriel , de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Clément Karine , Khalfallah Olfa , Davidovic Laetitia , Lioret Sandrine , Charles Marie A. , Heude Barbara
Published: June 2022

Background

Cord blood leptin is an indicator of neonatal fat mass and could shape postnatal adiposity trajectories. Investigating genetic polymorphisms of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) could help understand the mechanisms involved.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the association of cord blood leptin level and the LEPR rs9436303 polymorphism, with body mass index (BMI) at adiposity peak (AP) and age at adiposity rebound (AR).

Methods

In the EDEN cohort, BMI at AP and age at AR were estimated with polynomial mixed models, for 1713 and 1415 children, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models allowed for examining the associations of cord blood leptin level and LEPR rs9436303 genotype with BMI at AP and age at AR adjusted for potential confounders including birth size groups. We also tested interactions between cord blood leptin level and rs9436303 genotype.

Results

Increased leptin level was associated with reduced BMI at AP and early age at AR (comparing the highest quintile of leptin level to the others). Rs9436303 G‐allele carriage was associated with increased BMI at AP and later age at AR but did not modulate the association with leptin level.

Conclusion

These results illustrate the role of early life body composition and the intrauterine environment in the programming of adiposity in childhood.
Anti-inflammatory effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 on DSS-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Wang Hui , Fan Chengfei , Zhao Zhaoer , Zhai Zhengyuan , Hao Yanling
Published: June 2022

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice.

Methods and Results

Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group). Each group was administered with PBS (Control and DSS group) or B. lactis A6 with a dosage of ~4.0 × 109 CFU day−1 (DSS + A6 group) for 21 consecutive days. The DSS and DSS + A6 group mice were ad libitum drinking 2.5% DSS water during day 15–21, while the Control group mice were given normal water. The administration of B. lactis A6 significantly inhibited DSS-induced bodyweight loss and colon shortening (p < 0.001), but showed no significant influence on the spleen enlargement (p > 0.05). The intestinal barrier integrity was improved by reducing colonic damage, recovering mucus layer loss and enhancing tight junction expression including ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1. In addition, B. lactis A6 attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD and GSH levels in colon tissues. Moreover, B. lactis A6 suppressed DSS-induced inflammatory responses via downregulating TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and upregulating IL-10 level in colon tissues.

Conclusion

B. lactis A6 effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory responses.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This study suggests that B. lactis A6 could act as a candidate probiotic for UC treatment.
Enculturating, embedding and investing in fundamental care in an academic health science centre
Authors: Merkley Jane , Ronald Kara , Amaral Nely , Yang Lily , Ginty Leanne , Jeffs Lianne
Published: June 2022

Aim

This manuscript aims to provide a discursive description of how one academic health care centre is enculturating, embedding and investing in the fundamental care framework and lessons learned that can serve as a blueprint for other organizations.

Background

A call to action to focus on fundamental care is not new as the initial Fundamentals of Care (FoC) Framework has been evolving over the last decade through efforts lead by the International Learning Collaborative (ILC). Now more than ever, there is a pressing need for leaders to influence a humane, compassionate evidence‐informed approach to the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond by embedding an FoC framework and focusing on fundamental care as part of their academic mandate and daily care practices.

Design

This discursive paper delineates an evolving and ongoing enculturation, embeddedness and investment in advancing fundamental care as part of a larger academic practice strategy and quality improvement plan that is evidence‐informed and collaborative in nature.

Method

The action framework (value, talk, do, own and research fundamental care) developed by ILC guides efforts to how the FoC framework was embedded into one academic health science centre's strategic directions, academic practice strategy, professional practice model, quality plan and research and innovation platform.

Conclusion

An overview of how we leveraged the FoC and ILC Leadership frameworks in our efforts to enculturate, embed and invest in advancing fundamental care and lessons learned that may inform other healthcare organizations in their efforts.

Impact on nursing science, practice or disciplinary knowledge

Underpinning all of our efforts is the integral value we place on fundamental care to guide how we practice, educate and learn, discover and innovate and lead at x. We shared how we value, talk, do, own and research fundamental care by having it embedded into our strategic directions, academic practice strategy, professional practice model, quality aims and research and innovation platform.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Blessing or Curse? The Rise of Tourism‐Led Growth in Europe's Southern Periphery
Authors: Bürgisser Reto , Di Carlo Donato
Published: June 2022

Despite being one of the world's major internationally traded services, tourism remains neglected within debates on European integration and growth models. We highlight the rise of tourism‐led growth in southern Europe and argue that the process of European integration has been a double‐edged sword, simultaneously incentivizing and forcing southern European economies to reap their comparative advantage in tourism. While European integration has created the preconditions for the expansion of intra‐European tourism, monetary integration pre‐empts macroeconomic management. Since the eurozone crisis, internal devaluation and fiscal austerity have suppressed the domestic growth drivers, inducing these governments towards an export‐led growth strategy. We document the emergence of unprecedented tourism‐related current account surpluses in southern Europe, driven strongly by tourism imports from the EMU core countries and the UK. Thus, while different export‐led growth strategies now coexist in the EMU, southern Europe's excessive reliance on international tourism for growth comes with severe pitfalls.
Dermoscopy of skin parasitoses, bites and stings: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Chauhan P. , Jindal R. , Errichetti E.
Published: June 2022

Besides classic applications, dermoscopy has gained significant appreciation also for non‐tumoral dermatoses (general dermatology). In this field, skin parasitoses (infestations), bites and stings have been reported among the conditions that may benefit most from dermoscopic examination. However, published data on this topic are sparse and often lack a standardized analytical approach. In this systematic review of the literature, we sought to summarize available data on dermoscopy of cutaneous parasitoses, bites and stings, analysing dermoscopic features and used setting (polarization or not/magnification), pathological correlation and level of evidence of published studies as well as trying to align dermoscopic terminology of reported findings following a standardized methodology. A total of 150 publications addressing 29 different dermatoses and reporting 96 different dermoscopic findings were included in the analysis. Most of them displayed a level of evidence of V (113 single case reports and 36 case series), with only one study featuring a level of evidence of IV (case–control study). Additionally, our analysis also displayed poor uniformity in the terminology used in published articles (even for the same dermatosis). Therefore, albeit promising, dermoscopy of cutaneous parasitoses, bites and stings needs future systematized studies for a better characterization.
Artificial intelligence for the automated single‐shot assessment of psoriasis severity
Authors: Okamoto T. , Kawai M. , Ogawa Y. , Shimada S. , Kawamura T.
Published: June 2022

Background

PASI score is globally used to assess disease activity of psoriasis. However, it is relatively complicated and time‐consuming, and the score will vary due to the inconsistent subjectivity between dermatologists. Therefore, an AI system capable of assessing psoriasis severity will be useful.

Objectives

To propose a simplified PASI system (Single‐Shot PASI) and associated AI models capable of assessing psoriasis severity.

Methods

Overall, 705 psoriasis images of the trunk's front and back were used in our research. Considering the relatively small number of images, we used data augmentation techniques to expand the data. A psoriasis expert's scores were used as teacher data. Various convolutional neural network models and hyperparameters were adjusted using a fivefold cross‐validation. From these adjustments, we discovered that fine‐tuning Imagenet2012‐pretrained InceptionV3 whose last linear layer was replaced by a two‐layer perceptron (30 hidden units and five output units) exhibited the best performance.

Results

To validate our deep learning system, 10 images were selected as test sets and were excluded from the training sets. The AI assessment of Single‐Shot PASI was almost consistent with the clinical severity. We examined whether AI assistance would affect human scoring. In this study, 13 dermatologists and 9 medical students were invited as evaluators. Mean absolute differences from AI scores and standard deviation among evaluators reduced with AI assistance. In addition, the evaluator's scores got close to the teacher's score with AI's assistance.

Conclusions

We proposed a Single‐Shot PASI system and developed an associated AI system capable of assessing psoriasis severity simply by uploading a single clinical image. An easy‐to‐use scoring system and our freely available AI software would help dermatologists and patients with psoriasis.
Nutritional problems of patients with COVID‐19 receiving dietetic treatment in primary care
Authors: Slotegraaf Anne I. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. , Wierdsma Nicolette J. , Weijs Peter J. M. , Kruizenga Hinke M.
Published: June 2022

Background

The nutritional problems of patients who are hospitalised for COVID‐19 are becoming increasingly clear. However, a large group of patients have never been hospitalised and also appear to experience persistent nutritional problems. The present study describes the nutritional status, risk of sarcopaenia and nutrition‐related complaints of patients recovering from COVID‐19 receiving dietetic treatment in primary care.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, data were collected during dietetic treatment by a primary care dietitian between April and December 2020. Both patients who had and had not been admitted to the hospital were included at their first visit to a primary care dietitian. Data on nutritional status, risk of sarcopaenia and nutrition‐related complaints were collected longitudinally.

Results

Data from 246 patients with COVID‐19 were collected. Mean ± SD age was 57 ± 16 years and 61% of the patient population was female. At first consultation, two thirds of patients were classified as overweight or obese (body mass index >25 kg m–2). The majority had experienced unintentional weight loss because of COVID‐19. Additionally, 55% of hospitalised and 34% of non‐hospitalised patients had a high risk of sarcopaenia. Most commonly reported nutrition‐related complaints were decreased appetite, shortness of breath, changed or loss of taste and feeling of being full. Nutrition‐related complaints decreased after the first consultation, but remained present over time.

Conclusions

In conclusion, weight changes, risk of sarcopaenia and nutrition‐related complaints were prevalent in patients with COVID‐19, treated by a primary care dietitian. Nutrition‐related complaints improved over time, but remained prevalent until several months after infection.
Factors associated with satisfaction and depressed mood among nursing home workers during the covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Navarro‐Prados Ana Belén , García‐Tizón Sara Jiménez , Meléndez Juan Carlos , López Javier
Published: June 2022

Aims and Objectives

This paper aims to examine the satisfaction and depressed mood experienced by nursing home workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated variables. Specifically, to analyse the factors that may contribute to nursing home workers developing adaptive behaviours that promote satisfaction or, on the contrary, show characteristics associated with a negative mood.

Background

Nursing homes have faced unprecedented pressures to provide appropriately skills to meet the demands of the coronavirus outbreak.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design using the STROBE checklist.

Methods

Professionals working in nursing homes (n = 165) completed an online survey measuring sociodemographic and professional characteristics, burnout, resilience, experiential avoidance, satisfaction with life and depression. Data were collected online from April to July 2021, the time in which Spain was experiencing its fifth wave of COVID‐19. Two multiple linear regression models were performed to identify salient variables associated with depressive mood and satisfaction.

Results

Resilience, personal accomplishment and satisfaction had a significant and negative relationship with depression and emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and experiential avoidance had a positive relationship with depression. However, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and experiential avoidance had a negative and significant relationship with satisfaction and personal accomplishment, and resilience had a positive and significant relationship with satisfaction. In addition, it was found that accepting thoughts and emotions when they occur is beneficial for developing positive outcomes such as satisfaction.

Conclusions

Experiential avoidance was an important predictor of the effects that the COVID‐19 pandemic can have on nursing home workers.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Interventions focusing on resources that represent personal strengths, such as acceptance, resilience and personal accomplishment, should be developed.

No Patient or Public Contribution

The complex and unpredictable circumstances of COVID's strict confinement in the nursing home prohibited access to the centres for external personnel and family members. Contact with the professionals involved could not be made in person but exclusively through online systems. However, professionals related to the work environment have subsequently valued this research positively as it analyses ‘How they felt during this complicated process’.
Obesity and neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions among adolescents aged 10–17 years: The National Survey of Children's Health 2017–2018
Authors: Buro Acadia W , Salinas‐Miranda Abraham , Marshall Jennifer , Gray Heewon L , Kirby Russell S
Published: June 2022

Aim

Adolescents have a high prevalence of obesity and neurodevelopmental and mental health co‐occurring conditions. This study examined the association between obesity and several co‐occurring conditions – autism spectrum disorder (ASD); intellectual disability; learning disability; stuttering, stammering or other speech problems; developmental delay; attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder; epilepsy or seizure disorder; cerebral palsy; depression; anxiety; and Tourette Syndrome – in adolescents aged 10–17 years (n = 26 266) using 2017–2018 National Survey of Children's Health data.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used 2017–2018 National Survey of Children's Health data (n = 27 328); χ2 tests were conducted to compare the prevalence of obesity and several co‐occurring conditions. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to adjust for age, gender, race/ethnicity and household income.

Results

Obesity prevalence was 15.3%. Adolescents with ASD (25.1%) and epilepsy/seizure disorder (27.8%) had the greatest obesity prevalence. Adjusting for socio‐demographic characteristics, odds of obesity were higher in those with ASD (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.6), learning disability (OR 1.5, CI 1.2–2.0), epilepsy or seizure disorder (OR 2.2, CI 1.2–3.8) and depression (OR 2.0, CI 1.6–2.5). For all regression analyses, odds of obesity were higher among adolescents who were non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic and low‐income.

Conclusions

The increased prevalence of obesity in adolescents with ASD, learning disability, epilepsy or seizure disorder, and depression demonstrates the need to attend to their nutrition and physical activity needs. Future research should examine obesity risk factors among adolescents with specific neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, as well as racial or ethnic minority and low‐income populations, to properly tailor obesity prevention services.
COVID‐19‐associated hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Dupuis Michel , Ronot Maxime , Asselah Tarik , Bodard Sylvain
Published: June 2022

Cases of coronary and pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms secondary to COVID‐19 have been reported in the literature and are supposed to be secondary to inflammatory and vasculitis processes linked to a viral multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Although the incidence of COVID‐19‐associated liver injury ranges from 14% to 53% in hospitalized patients, COVID‐19‐associated hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms have never been reported so far. We present the case of a patient whose follow‐up CT after cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma revealed seven fusiform pseudoaneurysms of the two hepatic arteries secondary to COVID‐19. Anticoagulant or anti‐inflammatory treatments were not introduced. Vascular lesions were unchanged on the 3‐month follow‐up CT. At 6‐month CT, the proximal pseudoaneurysm was replaced by a proximal occlusion of the accessory RHA.