bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Río adentro
Authors: Da Representaçao Natalia
Published: February 2024

El artículo propone una mirada sobre el territorio isleño en dos configuraciones territoriales del Bajo Delta del Paraná a partir del registro de los indicios del paisaje y los modos de habitación presentes en las narrativas de sus residentes. La investigación que está en la base se orienta a responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué circuitos vinculan las islas y sus habitantes? ¿Y con el territorio-continente? ¿Qué reglas organizan el paisaje isleño? ¿Cuándo y cómo se pone en juego “lo común”? ¿Qué experiencias de la articulación público-privado se gestan? ¿Cómo es la actuación del Estado en el territorio insular?  

Se trata de una investigación de corte cualitativo basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas, historias de vida y análisis de fuentes visuales, especialmente provenientes de álbumes fotográficos personales. En primera instancia, introducimos la discusión conceptual sobre los bordes y las nuevas fronteras entre lo urbano, lo rural y lo natural en la reflexión reciente sobre los denominados territorios de agua. Pondremos en foco el problema de la constitución de los espacios comunes y sus transformaciones en el tiempo a partir de los relatos biográficos. 

Luego presentamos algunas características de los dos casos de estudio elegidos, sus procesos de poblamiento y una selección de intervenciones públicas que contribuyeron a su configuración actual.  A continuación, proponemos tres lecturas en torno a la forja de estos territorios de agua. Una acerca del origen, otra que enfoca el proceso más reciente de ocupación de la isla donde la lógica del mercado aparece como “depredadora” del espacio isleño auténtico con el telón de fondo de un Estado ausente. Finalmente, echando mano a fuentes visuales, hablamos del paisaje afectivo, registro que da cuenta de las transformaciones del paisaje y de los espacios comunes desde la perspectiva de la memoria de los isleños.
Designing and Iterating for Interdisciplinary, Creative Research in Graduate Teams
Authors: Hurwich Talia , Nicholas Diana , Fleming Fraser F. , Perignat Elaine , King Daniel , Katz-Buonincontro Jennifer , Gondek Paul
Published: February 2024

Two graduate-level courses were designed to advance creative, interdisciplinary teamwork among graduate students. Over three years, the two courses underwent three iterations largely focused on refinements to teamwork, which led to high-quality student products. This design case presents the three course iterations, how course design decisions were made, and the kind of results that were achieved. The paper concludes with reflections for designing higher education courses focused on creativity, interdisciplinarity, and teamwork.
Lactate administration induces skeletal muscle synthesis by influencing Akt/mTOR and MuRF1 in non‐trained mice but not in trained mice
Authors: Kyun Sunghwan , Kim Jisu , Hwang Deunsol , Jang Inkwon , Park Hun‐Young , Lim Kiwon
Published: February 2024

The perception regarding lactate has changed over the past decades, and some of its physiological roles have gradually been revealed. However, the effects of exogenous lactate on skeletal muscle synthesis remain unclear. This study aimed to confirm the effects of a 5‐week lactate administration and post‐exercise lactate administration on skeletal muscle synthesis. Thirty‐two Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomly assigned to non‐trained + placebo, non‐trained + lactate, trained + placebo, and trained + lactate groups. Furthermore, 3 g/kg of lactate or an equivalent volume of saline was immediately administered after exercise training (maximum oxygen uptake: 70%). Lactate administration and/or exercise training was performed 5 days/week for 5 weeks. After the experimental period, it was observed that lactate administration tended to elevate skeletal muscle weight, increased protein kinase B (p < 0.05) and mammalian target of rapamycin (p < 0.05) mRNA levels, and decreased muscle ring‐finger protein‐1 expression (p < 0.05). Lactate administration after exercise training significantly enhanced plantaris muscle weight; however, it had no additional effects on most signaling factors. This study demonstrated that a 5‐week lactate administration could stimulate skeletal muscle synthesis, and lactate administration after exercise training may provide additional effects, such as increasing skeletal muscle.
Lessons in clinical reasoning – pitfalls, myths, and pearls: shoulder pain as the first and only manifestation of lung cancer
Authors: Díaz-Abad Julia , Aranaz-Murillo Amalia , Mayayo-Sinues Esteban , Canchumanya-Huatuco Nila , Schaye Verity
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and poses significant challenges in diagnosis and management. Although muscle metastases are exceedingly rare and typically not the initial clinical manifestation of neoplastic processes, their recognition is crucial for optimal patient care.

Case presentation

We present a case report in which we identify the unique scenario of a 60-year-old man with shoulder pain and a deltoid muscle mass, initially suggestive of an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. However, further investigations, including radiological findings and muscle biopsy, revealed an unexpected primary lung adenocarcinoma. We performed a systematic literature search to identify the incidence of SMM and reflect on how to improve and build on better diagnosis for entities as atypical as this. This atypical presentation highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing cognitive biases in clinical decision-making, as acknowledging the possibility of uncommon presentations is vital. By embracing a comprehensive approach that combines imaging studies with histopathological confirmation, healthcare providers can ensure accurate prognoses and appropriate management strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Conclusions

This case serves as a reminder of the need to remain vigilant, open-minded, and aware of cognitive biases when confronted with uncommon clinical presentations, emphasizing the significance of early recognition and prompt evaluation in achieving optimal patient care.
Against the strain – a diachronic perspective on prehistoric European and Near Eastern protective/symbolic archery equipment
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas
Published: February 2024

This contribution reviews selected bone and stone plaques with double or multiple opposite perforations from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Near Eastern contexts in the light of them having possibly served as symbolic or protective archery equipment. The presence of perforated plaques from Later Neolithic Europe is a well-attested phenomenon in funeral contexts and is commonly labelled as bracers or wrist-guards. With their actual practical purpose of efficiently preventing the forearm from the slashing of a bowstring being probably of subordinate importance, there seems to be a consensus that they were, if not protective, then symbolic adornments in connection with hunting as being not only a profane, food-acquiring routine but simultaneously a ritually loaded, status-enhancing endeavor. The same is assumed for specific “plaques” from much earlier post-Pleistocene contexts in Upper Mesopotamia, which might have served an identical purpose in the frame of cultural synchronisms.
Peculiarities of the constitutional and legal responsibility of the president of the state in foreign countries
Authors: Knysh V.V.
Published: February 2024

The article examines theoretical-legal and practical-applied aspects of the constitutional-legal responsibility of the president of the state in the most developed foreign countries. In the author’s opinion, an important role is assigned to the mechanisms of constitutional and legal responsibility of the president as the head of the republic (in some cases, also the head of the executive power of the republic) before civil society, the state and other public authorities. At the same time, both positive (prospective) and negative (retrospective) responsibility is important. For Ukraine at the current stage of European integration, as well as the development and improvement of the mechanism of constitutional and legal responsibility of the head of state and related institutions, the experience of leading foreign countries in this field plays an important role. The given considerations prove the theoretical and applied significance of this problem.That is why the subject of a separate study is the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal responsibility of the president of the state in foreign countries, taking into account their positive experience for Ukraine.
State ethnonational policy as a factor in guaranteeing the right of citizens to security
Authors: Balynska O.M. , Balynskyi I.O. , Dolynska M.S.
Published: February 2024

The article focuses on the function of the authorities which is supposed to comprehensively promote the normative regulation of the ethno-national development of the state, develop and implement optimal models of interethnic understanding, prevent and eliminate conflict situations caused by interethnic frictions, and at the same time ensure the right of every citizen to security in the context of self-realisation and manifestation of identity (including national identity). In particular, this study demonstrates the dependence of the security environment of society on the ethno-national policy of the state, which, in turn, determines the means of guaranteeing the right of citizens to personal security.The authors summaries that the ethno-national policy of the state should provide for the coherence of a number of concepts and theories, including ethnic and cultural heterogeneity, multicultural state, acculturation, «ethnicist position» and others. At the same time, one of the main criteria for assessing the quality of such a policy should be the level of guarantee of the right to personal security for citizens, combined with the possibility of free development of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity, i.e. self-realisation and self-identification. And in the context of the rapid development of globalization of the modern world, this aspect must necessarily be accompanied by the formation of an international system for the protection of the rights of ethnic and religious minorities, taking into account legal, socio-economic, socio-political and humanitarian factors.
War crimes on the territory of Ukraine in the conditions of the international armed conflict of the 21st century
Authors: Shpiliarevych V.V.
Published: February 2024

From the first day of the invasion until today, the Russian Federation violates the laws and customs of war and massively commits war crimes on the territory of Ukraine, which are a serious violation of the provisions of international humanitarian law and pose a threat to the entire international community, for which criminal responsibility is provided both internationally and national levels. In particular, the international legal acts that codify international humanitarian law (laws of armed conflicts, laws of war) and contain a list of war crimes committed in the context of an international armed conflict are:а) Convention on the Laws and Customs of Land War (excerpt) of July 29, 1899 No. 995_765;b) IV Convention on the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations on the Laws and Customs of War on Land dated October 18, 1907 No. 995_222;c) Geneva Conventions (Convention for the Amelioration of the Fate of the Wounded and Sick in Active Armies (Geneva Convention I) of August 12, 1949 № 995_151, Convention for the Amelioration of the Fate of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of the Armed Forces at Sea (Geneva Convention II) of August 12, 1949 № 995_152, Geneva Convention for the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Geneva Convention III) of August 12, 1949 № 995_153, Geneva Convention for the Protection of the Civilian Population in Time of War (Geneva Convention IV) of August 12, 1949 № 995_154);d) Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 (Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) of June 8, 1977 № 995_199 and Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 Relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol II) of December 8, 2005 № 995_200);g) The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of July 17, 1998 No. 995_588, which systematizes a complete list of socially dangerous acts that belong to war crimes and were regulated by many sources of international humanitarian law.In the current criminal legislation of Ukraine, criminal liability for war crimes is regulated in Chapter XX of the Criminal Code of Ukraine («Criminal Offenses Against Peace, Human Security and International Legal Order»), namely in Art. 438 – «Violation of the laws and customs of war».
Regulatory and legal provision of the right of law enforcement officers to respect for their activities during the performance of official duties
Authors: Shevchenko S.I. , Shablystiy V.V.
Published: February 2024

The article deals with normative legal acts that regulate the sphere of public relations regarding the protection of the rights of police officers to respect for their activities during the performance of official duties. Modern experience of legal regulation of protection against insults etc. of police officers in Poland, France, Germany and other European countries is presented. The conditional division of all normative legal acts that regulate the sphere of public relations regarding the protection of the rights of police officers to respect for their activities during the performance of official duties into three main groups is indicated (the first group includes international legal acts and normative legal acts of national legislation ; the second group includes normative legal acts of national legislation that provide for administrative responsibility for the violation of the specified rights of police officers, and the third group includes acts that provide for criminal liability for the violation of the specified rights). The article also talks about the existence of gaps in Ukrainian legislation regarding sanctions for disrespecting and insulting police officers while performing their official duties. It is emphasized that currently in Ukraine, the issue of protecting police officers from harassment, insults, etc. on the Internet, in social networks, on the punishment for creating video or other content on the Internet that offends the honor and dignity of police officers, the National Police of Ukraine as a state institution. The study also emphasizes that civil society has the duty to help policemen in every possible way, not only morally, but also physically, to perform their official duties, and the state must create all the conditions for the formation of favorable psychological and other conditions of service for policemen..
Procedural aspects of inquiry as forms of pre-trial investigation
Authors: Hutsuliak Iu.V.
Published: February 2024

The article summarizes approaches to the interpretation of procedural aspects of inquiry as a form of simplified pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors based on the analysis of the scientific views of scientists, as well as the legislation of Ukraine.The general legal grounds for pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors by investigative units of Ukraine are characterized. It was established that the need to introduce inquiry as a simplified form of pre-trial investigation is caused by the significant workload of investigative bodies of pre-trial investigation with criminal proceedings for minor crimes. It was noted that the level of security of the rights and freedoms of the participants in criminal proceedings depends on the proper organization of the investigation bodies.Based on the analysis of scientific sources, it was determined that the simplification of criminal proceedings can lead to the violation of the rights of a person who has committed a criminal offense and the abuse of their powers by law enforcement agencies, which requires a deep doctrinal and systemic analysis of the introduction of the institution of inquiry in the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and a rethinking of its compliance with the principle of the rule of law and principles of justice.The author of the article pointed out the problematic issues of applying the norms of the current legislation during the inquiry process, which arise when a person is notified of suspicion of committing a criminal offense, the detention of a person, determination of the terms of inquiry and their extension. Such regulation of legal relations during pre-trial investigation, in which the investigation of criminal offenses is carried out, complicates the understanding and application of these norms, because it leads to a misunderstanding of the general period of inquiry in the absence of a suspect, which, in turn, will lead to a misunderstanding in the application of this norm in practice. On the basis of the outlined problematic aspects, proposals were made to improve the procedural order of conducting a pre-trial investigation in the form of an inquiry.
Comparative production performance and rumen bacterial diversity of fattening beef cattle supplemented with different levels concentrated feed
Authors: Han Changze , Zhu Xinqiang , Chen Kai , Wang Xiaoli , Leng Feifan , Wang Yonggang , Li Shaowei
Published: February 2024

The production performance and rumen bacterial diversity were compared for different silage-based diets supplemented with common concentrate or bio-concentrate to develop an alternative of common concentrate for fatten cattle feeding. The daily gain of fattening cattle was increased by 0. 99 kg and 1.04 kg, respectively, when fed with single corn silage or mixed silage-based diet supplemented with bio-concentrate. There was no significant difference in water loss rate and cooked meat rate among groups (P>0.05), but the tenderness of beef in the bio-concentrate group was significantly higher than that in the common concentrate group (P<0.05). There were no adverse effects on beef quality and blood biochemical indexes in each group. Compared with the normal concentrate group, the OTU number and α-diversity index of rumen microorganisms of fattening cattle fed with mixed silage as the basic diet supplemented with bio-concentrate increased significantly. At generic level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Porphyromonadaceae (unclassified), and Succiniclasticum were increased by adding bio-concentrate in the diets based on mixed silage and single sorghum silage. Relative abundances of Bacteroidetes (unclassified), Ruminococcaceae (unclassified), and Firmicutes (unclassified) decreased. In conclusion, the bio-concentrate might be a better choice than common concentrate for beef cattle breeding.
Robust pretreatment in combination with ultrasound-assisted surfactant to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus pellita
Authors: Zhand Soodeh , Yang Bong Suk , Kang Kyu-Young , Jeong Myung-Joon
Published: February 2024

Alkaline pretreatment stands out as a valuable strategy in biomass conversion to overcome the recalcitrance of biomass by removing lignin and a part of hemicellulose. This enhances enzyme accessibility and promotes saccharification. However, increasing the alkaline concentration to enhance the delignification and improve glucose yield together presents inherent limitations. In this experiment the amount of delignification and glucose yield resulting from surfactant associated with sonication during mild alkaline pretreatment of Eucalyptus pellita was investigated. Also, the effect of various factors (sonication temperature and surfactant immersion time) on delignification and glucose yield were examined. The results demonstrated that surfactant associated with sonication pretreatment could overcome the limitation of alkaline pretreatment and could increase the amount of delignification alongside enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield of Eucalyptus pellita wood by around 90%. The findings indicated that surfactant-assisted with sonication during mild alkaline pretreatment of Eucalyptus pellita (i.e., hardwood) could be recommended as a supporting pretreatment method for the production of monomeric sugars.
Near-wall Estimates of the Concentration and Orientation Distribution of Semi-dilute Rigid Fiber Suspensions in Poisieulle Flow
Authors:   The Pulp and Paper Center, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Krochak Paul J. , Olson James A. ,   The Pulp and Paper Center, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Martinez D. Mark ,   Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia
Published: February 2024

A model is presented to describe the orientation and concentration state of semi-dilute, rigid ﬁber suspensions in a rectangular channel ﬂow. A probability distribution function is used to describe the local orientation and concentration state of the suspension and evolves according to a Fokker-Plank type equation. Long range hydrodynamic ﬁber-ﬁber interactions are modeled using the approach outlined by Folgar and Tucker (J. Reinforced Plast. Comp. 3 98–119 1984). Near the channel walls, we apply the no-ﬂux boundary conditions proposed by Schiek and Shaqfeh (J. Fluid Mech. 296, 271–324, 1995). Geometric constraints are used to couple the ﬁbers’ rotary motion with its translational motion. This eliminates physically unrealistic orientation states in the near-wall region. A two-way coupling between the ﬁber orientation state and the momentum equations of the suspending ﬂuid is considered. Experiments are performed to validate the numerical model by visualizing the motion of tracer ﬁbers in an index-of-refraction matched suspension. The orientation distribution function is determined experimentally as a function of channel height. The results indicate that at distances less than one half ﬁber length from the channel walls, the model accurately predicts the available ﬁber orientation states and the distribution of ﬁbers amongst these states. The model further predicts a sharp concentration gradient in this region.
Flow Permeability of Fibrous Porous Materials. Micro-tomography and Numerical Simulations
Authors:   University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, Koivu Viivi , Decain Maxime ,   Papermaking Process Laboratory of Grenoble; Laboratory 3S-R, University of Grenoble-CNRS, Domaine Universitaire, Geindreau Christian ,   Laboratory 3S-R, University of Grenoble-CNRS, Domaine Universitaire, Mattila Keijo ,   University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, Alaraudanjoki Jarno ,   University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, Bloch Jean-Francis ,   Papermaking Process Laboratory of Grenoble, Kataja Markku ,   University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics
Published: February 2024

In this work we demonstrate the use of computerized x-ray micro-tomography and numerical simulations in evaluating ﬂow permeability of ﬁbrous porous materials. This ab-initio approach involves solving ﬂuid ﬂow through material samples in the actual pore space obtained by tomographic techniques. The procedure is applied here in three different materials, namely plastic nonwoven felt, newsprint and wet pressing felt. All numerical results presented are compared with experimental data for the same materials. The non-woven felt material, having a relatively simple structure, is ﬁrst used as a test case for comparing two different numerical schemes, lattice-Boltzmann method and a ﬁnitedifference method. Here, values of both transverse and in-plane permeability are obtained. The transverse permeability of newsprint and wet pressing felt under varying degree of compression is then found using lattice-Boltzmann method. Finally, we apply the same approach in estimating permeability in different structural layers of the wet press felt material. These material parameters are laborious or even unfeasible to determine experimentally. The procedure is applicable e.g. in ﬁnding the relevant material parameters for macroscopic models describing calandering, drying and wet pressing processes.
Multi-scale Moisture Transport in Paper: Impact of Pore and Fibre Tortuosity & Anisotropy
Authors:   Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Defrenne Y. , Zhdankin V. ,   Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Takagaki S. ,   Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Ramaswamy S. ,   Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Lavrykov S. ,   Department of Paper and BioProcess Engineering & Empire State Paper Research Institute, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Ramarao B. V. ,   Department of Paper and BioProcess Engineering & Empire State Paper Research Institute, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Published: February 2024

The diffusion of moisture in paper is a complex phenomenon with pore diffusion dominating at low moisture contents and diffusion through ﬁbres dominating at high moisture contents. Vapor diffusion through the pore space depends on the topology of the pore connections. Recently available three dimensional digital reconstructions of the pore space using X Ray Micro computed tomography (XμCT) enable us to determine the impact of the pore and ﬁbre tortuosities and connectivity to moisture diffusion in an explicit manner. In this study, moisture diffusion was simulated through XμCT reconstructions of paper structures using a hybrid random walk algorithm that was developed to allow simultaneous diffusion in both the pore and ﬁbre spaces with differential ‘intrinsic diffusivities’. The algorithm is speciﬁcally applied to simulate simultaneous diffusion under low and high relative humidity conditions where diffusion occurs predominantly through one medium i.e. pore space and high humidity conditions where both media (i.e. ﬁbre and pore spaces) are highly conductive. The ‘intrinsic diffusivity’ of moisture through ﬁbres was determined by using numerical simulation and experimental results. This intrinsic diffusivity a fundamental ﬁbre characteristics is found to be independent of reﬁning level but depends only the ﬁbre moisture content under the conditions studied. The algorithm also allowed the determination of the anisotropy in diffusivity. One interesting result is that the anisotropy in diffusion is most signiﬁcant at low moisture contents when diffusion through the pore space dominates. At high relative humidities (i.e. at high moisture contents), ﬁbre conduction provides an alternative diffusion path, homogenizing diffusion to a large extent. As a result, diffusion becomes more isotropic with increased moisture contents in paper.
Instability of Webs: The Prediction of Troughs and Wrinkles
Authors:   Oklahoma State University, Engineering North 218, Stillwater, Oklahoma,, Good J.K. , Beisel J.A. ,   Oklahoma State University, Engineering North 218, Stillwater, Oklahoma, Yurtcu H. ,   Oklahoma State University, Engineering North 218, Stillwater, Oklahoma
Published: February 2024

Web troughs are deﬁned as an out-of-plane instability of a web in a free span between rollers. Troughs may be only an annoyance in some web process machines but are often detrimental to quality in coating or printing operations. Web wrinkles are deﬁned as an out-of-plane instability of a web crossing a roller. Wrinkles are much more serious than troughs in that they result in creases, fold-overs, and bursts which can shut down a paper-making, coating, or printing operation or result in decreased quality or productivity. This paper will provide proof that troughs are a necessary precursor to wrinkles. Examples will show that linear buckling analyses can be used to predict web troughs. Further examples will show how nonlinear post buckling analyses can then be used to predict wrinkling.
Plants Used for Medicine To Fight Cancer
Authors: Vijaya S. , Mishra Tulika , Sreenivas A , Balkrishna Datir Rajkumar , Bagal Jalindarnath Gajendra , . Madhu , Admuthe Namdeo Bhagwan , SANGEETHA S. , Shrivastava Ruchita , Barwant Mukul Machhindra
Published: February 2024

This article explores the potential of medicinal plants as a valuable resource in the fight against cancer. It delves into their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, safety considerations, and future prospects. Notable plants like turmeric, green tea, graviola, ginseng, and garlic are discussed for their promising anticancer properties. Research highlights their ability to hinder tumor growth by interacting with critical cellular processes. Clinical trials show positive outcomes, although challenges like standardization and interactions with conventional treatments need attention. Combining plant compounds and mainstream therapies offers exciting possibilities for better results. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern research is crucial for safe and effective treatments. Overcoming regulatory and ethical hurdles is essential for mainstream adoption. Looking forward, the discovery and development of novel plant-derived compounds hold significant promise. Personalized cancer treatment, blending genetic insights with targeted herbal approaches, represents an innovative path ahead. Collaboration between traditional practices and modern medicine is emphasized, spotlighting patient success stories. Looking ahead, the identification of novel compounds from plants and their subsequent development into pharmaceutical agents holds great potential. Personalized cancer treatment, combining genetic insights with targeted herbal interventions, is an exciting avenue for future exploration. This chapter underscores the urgency of collaborative efforts between traditional healing practices and modern medicine, spotlighting the inspiring experiences of patients who have benefited from integrating medicinal plants into their cancer care journey.
Computation of comfort indices for livestock in central Punjab
Authors: S Aatralarasi , LK Dhaliwal , PK Kingra , Malhotra Puneet , Jain Gourav
Published: February 2024

Climate change imposes detrimental heat stress, which disrupts the thermo-regulatory balance of cattle and buffaloes. Quantifying heat stress through bioclimatic indices is a vital step for identifying suitable mitigation/adaptation strategies. So, the trend of different comfort indices for cattle was computed (2000-2019) and used for estimating milk production as these indices provide a holistic view of the bovine’s thermoneutral status. The trend analysis of seasonal comfort index (CI) through box plot analysis indicated that Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) had shifted from ‘Low Impact’ to ‘High Impact’, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) had shifted from ‘Normal’ to ‘Danger’ and Comprehensive Climate Index (CCI) had shifted from ‘No stress’ to ‘Mild stress’ from winter to summer season indicating the impact of heat stress during the latter period. The milk production in April had a significant correlation with BGHI, Heat Load Index (HLI), Respiration Rate (RR), THI, CCI, and Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI). Milk production in May and June had a significant relationship with ETI and THI. Lactation-wise milk production analysis indicated that sixth lactation is related to ETI and HLI. Fourth and second lactation had a significant relation with all indices estimated and the first stage of lactation with BGHI, ETI, and RR. The CI with the highest correlation coefficients were used to develop a regression model for a respective month and lactation stage.
Additions to orchid flora of Bhutan III: Paphiopedilum × pradhanii
Authors: Dorji Phub , Gyeltshen Phub , Tobgay Kezang , Dorji Sherab , Dorji Ugyen , Doya Sha Kinley , Kumar Pankaj
Published: February 2024

Paphiopedilum × pradhanii, a natural hybrid between P. fairrieanum  (subgenus Paphiopedilum, section Ceratopetalum) and P. venustum (subgenus Paphiopedilum, section Barbata), is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Detailed geographical distribution, ecology, and conservation status, and dichotomous keys to all Paphiopedilum species found in Bhutan are provided. A brief description of the parents of this hybrid is also provided.
new species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) of the Incomptum group from the north of Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Rincón-González Milton , Santiago Ayala Elizabeth , Hágsater Eric , Vieira-Uribe Sebastián
Published: February 2024

A new species of Epidendrum of the Incomptum group is described and illustrated, so far found only from the type locality. Information is provided to separate between the species belonging to the Arbuscula and Incomptum groups. Moreover, the new taxon described here, Epidendrum pembertonii, is thoroughly compared with the four most morphologically similar species (E. brenesii, E. bisulcatum, E. foldatsii, E. sotoanum), showing notable differences in the number and shape of leaves, inflorescence length, color of flowers, sepals venation, shape and ornamentation of the lip and column.
Notes on australasian orchids 8: Eight new species of Hymenochilus (Cranichideae: Pterostylidinae) and clarification of two previously described species
Authors: Jones David L. , Zimmer Heidi C. , Clements Mark A.
Published: February 2024

Eight new species of Hymenochilus from Australia are described and illustrated. Six of the new species have affinities to (and are here compared with) H. cycnocephalus: H. anemophilus, H. calcicola, H. cymbellus, H. longipes, H. nemoralis and H. pachylus. Hymenochilus anemophilus is shorter (2–8 cm), with dark green strongly veined rosette leaves, crowded dark green flowers, oblong to obovate labellum lamina and, a broader blunter beak on the labellum appendage; H. calcicola is shorter (3–12 cm), crowded green flowers with prominent dark green stripes, ovate petals with a strongly developed basal flange on the anterior side and narrow elliptic labellum lamina with a broad pointed beak on the labellum appendage; H. cymbellus differs by its sparser basal rosette with narrower rosette leaves, thinner scapes, flowers with distinct darker green stripes and shallowly saccate lateral sepals that narrow inwards to a distinctly pointed apex; H. longipes differs by its thin-textured rosette leaves, widely spaced darker green flowers with darker green veins, elliptic-obovate labellum lamina and a longer labellum basal appendage which protrudes prominently from the flower in side view; H. nemoralis has longer rosette leaves, thicker scape  and darker green flowers with prominent narrow dark green stripes; H. pachylus has thicker rosette leaves, taller, thicker scape, flowers prominently striped, elliptic-obovate labellum lamina and labellum appendage with a short thick beak. Two of the new species have affinities (and are here compared) with H. muticus: H. pagophilus and H. pisinnus. Hymenochilus pagophilus differs by its moderately crowded to crowded flowers, broader, shinier flowers and rectangular-obovate labellum and H. pisinnus differs by its smaller rosette with smaller, narrower leaves, thinner scape, smaller flowers, that are often on long pedicels, shorter, shallowly saccate lateral sepals, smaller rhomboid petals and, smaller obovate labellum. In addition, Hymenochilus cycnocephalus and H. muticus, are characterised in the strict sense with full descriptions, distribution, and habitat.
Features of stabilization of soft soils at the base of emergency deformed buildings using finely powdered injection materials in low pressure mode
Authors: Kalach F. N.
Published: February 2024

At present, the strengthening of the soil base is often performed by high-pressure injection - injection of a solution under pressure that exceeds the structural strength of the soil (hydraulic fracturing mode). High-pressure injection makes it possible to successfully solve various geotechnical problems, but it has a number of disadvantages, first of all, the uncertainty of the shape and size of injection bodies created in the soil mass, as well as the impossibility of predicting the final deformation and strength characteristics necessary for design. It should be noted that directly from the production of injection works in the uncontrolled hydraulic fracturing mode, unpredictable technological deformations (rise followed by uneven settlement) of the Objects are observed, the base of which is stabilized, as a result of which crack formation processes in above-ground structures and fragmentary destruction of load-bearing elements develop. The article considers the possibility of solving the problem of predictable increase in the mechanical properties of stabilized soils on the example of a pilot production site in the central region of St. Petersburg. The proposed method makes it possible to ensure the absence of technological deformations from the production of injection works by using the author's kinematic scheme for the production of works and the use of modern solutions based on fine binders in the impregnation mode with an element of soil microfracture, that is, in the mode of controlled hydraulic fracturing at a reduced injection pressure of the injection solution.
Effectiveness of compensatory injection as a means of regulating the stresses in complex geotechnical conditions
Authors: Pronozin Ya. A. , Melnikov R. V. , Kiselev N. Yu. , Tarasenko A. A. , Gress Yu. D.
Published: February 2024

Deep excavations in dense urban areas often result in additional settlement of buildings that fall within the influence area of new construction. The most sensitive to such settlements, according to the normative literature, are historic buildings. One of the ways to regulate additional building settlement in the influence area of deep excavations is compensatory injection. The hydraulic fracture network created in the foundation creates additional lateral compression of the soil and changes its physical and mechanical properties. The article deals with a real example of an emergency situation at one of the objects in Tyumen, where during excavation of a pit with the designed depth of 7 meters for the construction of a five-storey building with an extended two-level underground space significant excessive settlement of the adjacent historic building and damage to its bearing structures were revealed as a consequence of the additional settlement development. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of compensatory injection using collar technology to reduce excessive additional settlement of buildings in the zone of influence of deep excavations. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of new construction on the surrounding environment has been carried out by the authors of the article by means of numerical simulation. Analyzing the results of numerical modelling, the authors of the article developed measures to eliminate the emergency situation and stabilise the foundation. Based on the results of geodetic monitoring, it was found that the installation of a geotechnical barrier by injecting soil using the collar technique not only stabilised the foundation but also brought the building into position to meet regulatory requirements.
Experimental investigation of surface roughness changes of an underground structure's material during its driving into the ground
Authors: Boyarintsev A. V. , Samohina A. D.
Published: February 2024

The mechanical interaction between dispersed soils and the surface of underground structures is fundamental in generating their load-bearing capacity. The technical and economic efficiency of piles and supporting structures depends on the friction forces that appear on the contact of their material with the soil. One of the main factors which has a significant influence on friction forces is the roughness of the material surface. Installation of underground structures, such as pile driving or vibro-driven sheet piling, is accompanied by long periods of material contact with dispersed soils: some structural segments can slip on the soil for tens of metres. As a result, it is likely that the surface properties of the underground structure material will change during this process. Although there is a considerable amount of tribological research, the methodology of such experiments does not fully represent the pile driving process in the soil mass. This means that it is not possible to accurately estimate the change in the surface properties of underground structure materials as they are driven into the soil using the results of these studies. The present paper describes a simulation of an underground structure made of three different materials: steel, fibreglass and fluoroplastic; in fine medium sand. The roughness of the materials was monitored while they were moving in the sand. It was found that with increasing diving depth the roughness of each material becomes less. And the value of this change is influenced by such material properties as material density, shear strength and hardness.
Obtaining the empirical calibration dependence for express assessment of the quality of the performance of ground structures
Authors: Sazonova S. A. , Tatiannikov D. A. , Ponomaryov A. B.
Published: February 2024

In this study, the authors consider sand pads, namely the production process and quality control. The main problem of using the compacting factor as a criterion for assessing the quality of sand pads is the impossibility of calculating future deformations of foundations, as well as the duration of laboratory studies to determine it. Thus, the development of a technological solution for the use of express methods for controlling the compaction of soil structures, which are based on empirical data and can reduce the economic costs of construction, is an urgent task. The direct object of the study is the sand pad under the production facility. In the process of installing a sand pad, layer-by-layer control of the degree of compaction was carried out according to the compacting factor with the determination of the maximum density according to the method of GOST 22733-2016, and the modulus of soil deformation according to selected soil samples for compression tests. For each layer, the compaction coefficient was determined at 5 points, the deformation modulus at 3 points. Additionally, tests were carried out using a dynamic density meter. The main result of the study is the construction of a calibration dependence of the constrained modulus on the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the soil based on the results of statistical processing. Based on the test results, it was found that the experimental data are equally accurate, the resulting model is adequate. The difference between the experimental data and the calibration dependence does not exceed 18 %, which is a good convergence for empirical methods. The obtained experimental dependence allows, with a sufficient degree of accuracy, to quickly control the quality of the sand pad.
Computer modeling of the interaction of the building underground part with the soil foundation during the karst cavity formation on the example of the administrative and business center construction
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan A. Z. , Cherkesov R. H. , Isaev I. O. , Filaretov N. A. , Vanina Yu. V.
Published: February 2024

In restrained urban conditions of Moscow, the accomplishment of complex urban construction projects is complicated by the choice of construction sites, as well as by lack of methods for computer modeling of the interaction of high-rise and unique buildings and structures with the probable formation of karst cavities in the current regulatory documents. The overall profitability of the project is under the great impact of it, therefore a reliable accounting of karts-suffusion processes is a priority issue in designing buildings and structures, especially if it concerns the unique and high-rise ones. The authors analyze the results of the calculations of the forecast assessment of the impact of a karst cavity probable formation on the subsurface parts of building of the administrative and business center construction in flat and spatial formulation. In spatial formulation different positions of the potential karst cavities are considered; their locations were chosen according to standard procedures and were guided by the results of geological and geophysical research. It has been reviewed the formation of arch over a karst cavity in a 2D and 3D formulation in the condition of different location of the karst cavities in plan and by depth of occurrence. It has been made methodological recommendations for determining the predicted bore of the karst cavity, for taking into account the frame stiffness of the aboveground part of the building, for defining the principles of a karst cavity modeling, as well as for the choice of assessment criteria of stability of cover mass above the potential cavity. The discovered differences in the results of 2D and 3D settings permit to make a conclusion that solving the problem in a flat formulation contributes to the overestimation of karst processes danger and, therefore, to the excess in anti-karst measures included in the project.
Computer modeling of the limit state of a slab foundation with regard to the rigidity of the above-foundation structure
Authors: Bartolomey L. A. , Bogomolova O. A. , Geydt V. D. , Geydt A. V.
Published: February 2024

The task of this research is to determine the values of the generalized strength parameters of the foundation soil and , at which the depth D Z of the development of Coulomb areas of plastic deformation under the edges of the foundation of finite rigidity thickness Н , loaded with a uniformly distributed load of variable intensity q and foundation of the same thickness, bearing a rigid above-foundation structure of variable height H * will correspond to the closure of plastic area under the base of the foundation what is complied with the ultimate state of the foundation (according to Prandtl). To carry out computer modeling a list of variables of design parameters that influence the process of formation and development of plastic areas under the sole of the foundation, and the intervals of their change, has been established. As a result of the calculations and processing of the data obtained it was found that the numerical values of and differ significantly from each other: equations of approximating curves of dependencies of the form have different forms correspondingly and are described by the different approximating expressions. If it is given the values of the generalized strength parameters of the foundation soil and , which the soil mass should have after its fixing, then using the graphs shown in Fig. 6-10 and the table it will be possible to conclude whether the limit state of the fixed soil base will be achieved under given loads. In other words, focusing on the numerical values of and , it is possible to determine the values , which must be obtained in the process of fixing the soil base so that the specified external load does not exceed the maximum permissible value.