bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An appraisal of the implementation of the English language syllabus for French-speaking learners in Cameroon
Authors: Talba Baissana , Paschal Mahona Joseph
Published: August 2023

The present paper set out to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of the English Syllabus for French-speaking learners in some secondary schools in the Diamaré, Mayo Kani, and Mayo Tsanaga Divisions in the Far-North Region of Cameroon. The target schools were GBHS Maroua, GBHS Kaele, and GBHS Mokolo.  The main assumption was that the English language curriculum is not well implemented in the target schools. The study was carried out on a sample of 152 students, nine (09) English teachers and three (03) pedagogic inspectors. The instruments used for the collection of quantitative and qualitative data were questionnaire and interview, respectively. After the analysis of the data, the findings revealed the English language syllabus was appropriate in terms of goals, contents, and methods. However, teachers did not use the adequate methods suggested by the syllabus in their respective classrooms and they had negative attitudes toward the implementation of the syllabus. Moreover, some external and internal factors hinder the implementation of the syllabus. Thus, the English syllabus was not well implemented in those target schools. The study also made some recommendations for the good implementation of the syllabus by teachers such as the follow-up of teachers by the pedagogic inspectors to keep the former abreast with new approaches and methods; the incorporation of listening and oral skills in the examinations, and the provision of schools’ libraries with the adequate resources and internet facilities.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Smartphone Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ningsih Sulistio , Yanti Syafridha , Wahyuni Sri
Published: August 2023

Di dalam dunia pendidikan adanya kemajuan teknologi memberi kemudahan mengakses dalam segala bidang pelajaran yang ada di sekolah. Selain memberikan kemudahan ke arah yang lebih posistif, dampak menggunakan telepon genggam atau smartphone dalam dunia pendidikan juga memberikan dampak yang negatif jika salah dalam penggunaanya.Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan smartphone siswa pada SMA Negeri 2 Takengon (2) untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan smartphone mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian ex post fakto. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah diperoleh nilai  signifikansi (Sign) sebesar 0,515 yang artinya lebih besar dari 0,05. Selain itu uji t diperoleh nilai t-hitung = 0,657 > 0,316 = t-tabel. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak yang berarti tidak terdapat pengaruh penggunaan smartphone (X) secara siginifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa (Y). Selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini diperoleh niai R Square 0,12 yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh penggunaan smartphone (X) terhadap hasil belajar siswa (Y)  adalah sebesar 12 % sedangkan 88 % lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.
Investigation of Information, Attitudes and Behaviors About Sunglasses and Ultraviolet Light Protection Sunglasses Wearing Behavior
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Zekeriya
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the sunglasses-wearing habits, the level of knowledge about the purpose of wearing sunglasses and the awareness of the effects of sunlight on ocular tissues among patients attending the outpatient clinic.
Methods: Between January and March 2023, a questionnaire was administered to people who visited the ophthalmology clinic at the Elbistan State Hospital. 250 people who volunteered to participate in the survey were included in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions.
Results: The mean age of the 250 participants (56% female and 44% male) was 41.94±15.31 years. 90.5% of the villagers, all the illiterate participants and 54.1% of the unemployed participants stated not to know about UV. 82.9% of the university graduates and 80% of the office workers reported knowing about UV. Illiterate participants reported buying sunglasses based on brand and price; most university graduates reported buying sunglasses based on UV protection. When asked about the purpose of wearing sunglasses, most men reported it was to prevent glare, while most women reported it was for aesthetic and cosmetic reasons. 90.5% of villagers and 83.8% of illiterates reported wearing sunglasses for aesthetic and cosmetic reasons. 84.2% of university graduates reported that it was used to protect the eye tissues from the harmful rays of the sun.
Conclusion: The study highlights the lack of awareness of sunlight in society and the general lack of sun protection, suggesting the need for health education programs. Informative public service announcements and videos on the topic have been suggested.
Da Tamandaré à Paula Souza: vivências do passado e experiência adquirida
Authors: Esther de Carvalho Maria
Published: August 2023

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Vigilância e controle de carrapatos transmissores da Febre Maculosa Brasileira no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Pinter Renata Caporalle Mayo, Adriano , Pinter Adriano , Souza Celso Eduardo de , Bergo Eduardo , Deus Juliana  Telles de , Alves Maria Jose Chinelatto Pinheiro , Souza Savina Silvana Aparecida Lacerra de , Díaz Sueli Yasumaro , Silva Silvio Carvalho da , Oliveira Vera Lucia Matias
Published: August 2023

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Vigilância entomológica e controle vetorial no Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Ciaravolo Ricardo Mario de Carvalho , Henriques Lucia de Fatima , Rangel Osias , Sampaio Susy Mary Perpétuo
Published: August 2023

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Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Culicídeos ( LaBEC)
Authors: Marques Gisela Rita Alvarenga Monteiro , Mucci Luis Filipe , Serpa Lígia Leandro Nunes , Molinari Laércio , Bonafé Luiz Milton , Cardoso Juliana F , Arduino Marylene Brito
Published: August 2023

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Laboratório de Entomologia Médica
Authors: Tubaki Rosa Maria
Published: August 2023

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Alertas terapêuticos em farmacovigilância: estratégia sanitária para promoção do uso racional de medicamentos
Authors: Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças Centro de Vigilância Sanitária.
Published: August 2023

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Segurança química e vigilância sanitária de acidentes com produtos perigosos no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Bataiero Marcel
Published: August 2023

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Serviços de terapia renal substitutiva – monitoramento 2015
Authors: Lima Domingues Ferreira Meire , Lucia Cardoso Regina
Published: August 2023

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Investigação de soroconversão de receptor com suspeita de HIV transfusional: um olhar da Vigilância Sanitária
Authors: Lucia Cardoso Regina , Filomena M. Saiki Maria , L. S. de Souzai Marcelo
Published: August 2023

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Pesquisas Clínicas, Comportamentais e Epidemiológicas
Authors: DST/Aids CRT
Published: August 2023

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Paradigmas da adesão vacinal nos 1000 dias de vida: análise e repercussões na saúde pública
Authors: Felipe Galvão da Silva Juan , Boaventura de Oliveira Silva Janinne , Raynner Carvalho Alves Ludmila , Isabela de Paula Sousa Marina , Faria de Moura Villela Edlaine , Morato de Oliveira Fábio , Augusto Barbosa Silva Pedro
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Imunização objetiva organizar e garantir a cobertura vacinal nacional, a fim de reduzir doenças imunopreviníveis. Há, contudo, circunstâncias sociopolíticas e demográficas que reduzem a adesão à vacinação, sobretudo em crianças menores de 2 anos. Assim, é necessário discutir as causas e os impactos dessa questão no Brasil. Objetivos: Analisar a cobertura vacinal direcionada às crianças no período dos 1000 dias, entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico analítico, de recorte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, sobre a imunização de indivíduos de até 2 anos entre os anos de 2016 a 2020, com o uso da plataforma DATASUS e das bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO, BVS e do Ministério da saúde. Resultados: Verificou-se a redução, predominantemente, de 10,51% das aplicações de vacinas entre os anos de 2016 a 2020 na população de até 2 anos de idade. Ademais, os imunobiológicos que mais sofreram redução foram: hepatite B (84,87%), influenza (99%) e poliomielite oral (18,45%). Discussão: Alguns fatores relacionados à redução da aplicação de imunobiológicos nesse período são a baixa cobertura vacinal, propagação de fake news, falta de informação da população e a pandemia da COVID-19, com o isolamento social. Conclusão: Apesar da importância das vacinas para o controle das doenças infectocontagiosas, percebeu-se a redução de aplicações dos imunobiológicos e o aumento da morbimortalidade, sendo necessária a criação de estratégias para promover a adesão à imunização e a ampliação da cobertura vacinal no Brasil.
Vacinação contra a Covid-19
Authors: Franco Alessandra Lucchesi de Menezes Xavier , Lang D’Agostini Tatiana , Moraes Nathalia Cristina Soares Franceschi Landi de , Camargo Jéssica Pires de , Paula Regiane Cardoso de
Published: August 2023

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Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de felinos domésticos notificados com esporotricose no município de São Paulo no ano de 2020
Authors: Cardoso Tadeu Campioni Morone , Tommaso Valéria Gentil , Cortez Tamara Leite , Sinhorini Juliana Anaya , Bastos Paula Andrea Santis
Published: August 2023

A esporotricose é uma dermatozoonose causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix. Estes fungos costumam estar presentes no meio ambiente, no solo e vegetação em decomposição. A infecção não zoonótica se dá por meio da inoculação traumática do agente etiológico durante o manuseio de solo contaminado, plantas ou matéria orgânica. Atualmente, essa ainda é uma via de transmissão possível, porém a transmissão zoonótica vem, crescentemente, se destacando, sendo a esporotricose humana, frequentemente, relacionada à arranhadura ou mordedura de animais, em especial o gato doméstico (Felis catus). Em São Paulo, a Divisão de Vigilância em Zoonoses (DVZ) e as Unidades de Vigilância em Saúde (UVIS) são os órgãos da prefeitura responsáveis pela vigilância, prevenção e controle dessa zoonose. O objetivo do presente trabalho é traçar o perfil epidemiológico de felinos domésticos com esporotricose no município de São Paulo dos casos atendidos e/ou notificados no ano de 2020. Ao todo foram avaliadas 1.050 fichas de felinos, dos quais 653 tinham diagnósticos confirmados, destes 76% possuem livre acesso à rua. Felinos adultos, machos e não castrados, devido aos seus hábitos comportamentais e exploratórios, se mostram mais expostos à infecção. Quanto à localização anatômica das lesões fúngicas, as regiões de maior ocorrência foram: cabeça (58,35%), membro torácico (34,76%), corpo (28,33%) e focinho (27,72%).
Der Green Impact Fund for Technology
Authors: Roth Benjamin , Hollis Aidan , Brandi Clara , Kistler Sebastian , Matthey Maximilian , Ngcobo Zeke
Published: August 2023

Monetäre Anreize auf der Makroebene stellen das Zentrum der bis heute kontrovers diskutierten Homann’schen Wirtschaftsethik dar. Wir unternehmen in diesem Beitrag den Versuch, seine Ethikkonzeption auf ihre Praxistauglichkeit hin am Beispiel des von uns in einer internationalen Arbeitsgruppe entwickelten ›Green Impact Fund for Technology‹ zu untersuchen. Dabei werden die Anschlussfähigkeiten, aber auch die Grenzen seines Ansatzes aus einer praktischen Perspektive verdeutlicht.
Der Ungrund der Freiheit im Denken von Böhme, Schelling und Heidegger
Authors: Friedrich Hans Joachim
Published: August 2023

Heidegger sah in der Freiheitsschrift den 'Gipfel der Metaphysik des deutschen Idealismus'; das deshalb, weil die Unterscheidung zwischen Grund und Existenz hier auf das Wollen als Grund der Existenz zurückgeführt werde. Schelling selbst hat die Unterscheidung jedoch nicht auf das Wollen zurückgeführt, sondern auf den von Jakob Böhme übernommenen Begriff des Ungrundes. Schelling bezeichnet damit die Indifferenz der Freiheit, worin das Seiende durch den Willen erst zur Entscheidung zu bringen ist als das Seinkönnende und Seinsollende.
Economic Impacts of the Establishment of Alternative Water Retention Habitats on the Agricultural Holdings
Authors: Glavan Matjaž
Published: August 2023

The municipal spatial plan of the city of Ljubljana determined the location for the expansion of the Ljubljana Regional Waste Management Centre. The environmental condition for the expansion is the establishment of alternative water retention habitats (267.1 ha) on the northern edge of the Ljubljana Marsh. The study aimed to analyze possible mitigation measures for agriculture due to the envisaged changes in land use. The plan envisaged a change in the use of conventional agricultural land, overgrowth vegetation and forest for extensive grassland (172 ha), forest (86 ha), and water surfaces (8.9 ha). Results indicate that the income from subsidy payments will be higher due to establishing additional wetland meadows (28 ha) in the currently overgrown areas. The intervention will decrease the value of the crop produce (−61 to −71%) and thus the farm revenue (−34 to −43%). However, variable costs are lower due to the expected extensive land use. A larger area of protected habitats on agricultural land returns lower variable costs (−60 to −69), a positive balance of gross margin for the total area (+5 to +15%), and a lower gross margin per hectare of agricultural land (−4 to −12%), and thus the income of most agricultural holdings.
Perspective Chapter: A View – Cloud-Edge Computing Technology
Authors: Santhiya C. , Padmavathi S.
Published: August 2023

In the computing era, the users of Internet grow tremendously. Each individual is using a number of devices that access data indefinitely. For any desired task, we will have three sorts of basic work in terms of storing, processing, and computation. In distributed world, many applications depending upon individual or enterprise rely on cloud computing. Edge computing has also evolved after cloud computing. Both the technologies have many common characteristics. The advantage of edge computing technology is service provisioning and it is done at the device level closer to the user rather than cloud. The application that needs faster response time or that holds sensitive data almost relied on edge technology for its computation.
Performance Evaluation of Solar Cells by Different Simulating Softwares
Authors: Shakoor Abdul , Aman Nowsherwan Ghazi , Fasih Aamir Muhammad , Ali Ahmar , Ur Rehman Sami , Alam Waheed , Yasir Muhammad , Arif Khizra , Ahmad Muhammad , Yousaf Jamal
Published: August 2023

In the contemporary era of technological advancements, solar energy emerges as a promising and easily implementable solution to meet future energy demands sustainably. This chapter delves into recent innovative techniques and simulation software pertaining to this environmentally friendly technology, focusing on device simulation, novel structures, and cutting-edge methods. A comparative analysis among major solar cell modeling simulators, such as PC1D, SCAPS-1D, wxAMPS-1D, AMPS-1D, ASA, Gpvdm, SETFOS, PECSIM, ASPIN, ADEPT, AFORS-HET, TCAD, and SILVACO ALTAS, is presented. These simulators not only aid in analyzing fabricated cells but also predict the impact of device modifications. The current year has witnessed significant efforts in developing sustainable energy systems through innovative solar cell simulators and semiconductor models. A concise evaluation of well-established solar cell simulators is provided to identify the most reliable tool for assessing photovoltaic technology performance. The chapter offers a user-friendly linear operating procedure and a congenial dialog box for multi-junction solar cells, providing valuable benefits for scientists, researchers, and skilled programmers in the photovoltaic community. This solar simulation software plays a crucial role in designing environment-friendly solar energy systems and calculating potential solar PV system outcomes for various projects, both grid-tied and off-grid, continually improving the solar energy technology landscape.
Relation between Vastus Lateralis Electromyography Activation and VO2max Values Obtained in Bicycle Ergometry
Authors: Sözen Hasan
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between maximum oxygen consumption values obtained on a bicycle ergometer and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle EMG activity values during the test. A total of 20 athletes participated in the study. To determine the VO2max, a bicycle ergometer was used with a portable gas analyzer. The discontinuous incremental protocol was used to determine the VO2max values of subjects. The data were gathered from the right side VL muscle via surface electromyography. According to the results obtained, MVIC% values of the VL muscle of the subjects and VO2max (mL min−1) values (p = 0.586, r = 0.130); VO2max (mL min−1 kg−1) values (p = 0.295, r = 0.246); RER values (p = 0.308, r = −0.240) and HRmax (beats min−1) values (p = 0.321, r = 0.234) were not statistically significant and no significant difference was found in the regression analysis between the MVIC% value of the VL muscle obtained and the VO2max (mL min−1 kg−1) values (p = 0.295, R2 = 0.061). There was no significant correlation and regression between the muscle activation involved in the workout during the VO2max test and the cardiovascular response.
Immunosensing of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A on a Portable Device as Point-of-Care
Authors: Azura Mohd Said Nur , Sheryna Jusoh Noor , Awaludin Norhafniza , Rejab Ismail Mohammad , Fadilah Mohd Bakri Noor , Suhaida Mohd Sojak Lily , Salam Faridah
Published: August 2023

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are potent mycotoxins produced by the fungal genus Aspergillus. Their occurrence in grain corn is alarming hence the need for rapid on-site detection. An immuno-based biosensor technique for detection of the aforementioned toxins is described here. Highly specific in-house polyclonal antibodies against AFB1 and OTA were employed as bioreceptors in a label-free electrochemical biosensor; immobilized on modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The immuno-functionalized SPCEs were first characterized on a laboratory electrochemical workstation for proof-on-concept study using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) electrochemical technique. An Android-based device is improvised as a portable electrochemical reader integrated with internet of thing (IoT) features which include cloud server and a dedicated website. Sensitivity achieved by the modified SPCEs on the portable device is superior compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and lab-based electrochemical workstation. The miniaturized biosensor system has been successfully tested on cornfield for in-situ mycotoxins detection with simple sample extraction. Analysis performed on twenty samples were validated using chromatographic analysis. This biosensor-IoT system offers a potential application for real-time detection and the portable reader serves as an excellent tool for point-of-care in routine monitoring of harmful mycotoxins.
Micro(Nano)Plastics as Carriers of Toxic Agents and Their Impact on Human Health
Authors: Lizzeth Morales-Cano Karla , Hermida-Castellanos Leandro , M. Adame-Adame Carlos , Alberto Peralta Peláez Luis , Peña-Montes Carolina
Published: August 2023

Currently, globally the demand and production of plastic items are increasing exorbitantly, generating a large amount of waste, and polluting the ecosystem, a site in which degradation processes are triggered, which give rise to smaller particles such as micro(nano)plastics (MNP). Continuous human exposure to these particles generates negative alterations in the host’s health. Three routes of MNP exposure or contact have been established: inhalation, ingestion of particles, and dermal absorption. Recently, it has been pointed out that microplastics (MP) can even be found in the human placenta. This chapter aims to compile and provide information on their role as conveyor vectors of agents potentially toxic to humans, mechanisms by which they enter the human body, their bioaccumulation, and health human effects.
Whey Protein Fermentation with Aspergillus niger: Source of Antioxidant Peptides
Authors: Patricia Gomez Rojas Marcela , Marino Mosquera Martinez Oscar
Published: August 2023

Aspergillus niger is a filamentous fungus that through its proteolytic activity, as a result of its proteases, hydrolyzes whey proteins into smaller peptides. These peptides are characterized by antioxidant properties due to the presence of specific amino acids, such as histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan, cysteine, and methionine, which have been shown to have antioxidant effects. Considering the above, peptide extracts derived from the fermentation of a lactic serum substrate with Aspergillus niger were obtained, which were partially purified by precipitation with ZnSO4/acetone; subsequently, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by spectrophotometric techniques as 2,2-azinobis-3ethyl benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS▪+), diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH▪), in 96-well microplates, these analyses showed that these extracts have an antioxidant activity higher than 50%; likewise, the amount of thiol groups (-SH) was determined to be higher than 29 nmol/μL and the superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) with values above 0.010 SOD units/mL. For this reason, it is proposed that they can be studied in the future as substances within a food supplementation or in the therapeutic field.
Cocoa Production and Distribution in Bahia (Brazil) after the Witch’s Broom
Authors: Rocha Sousa Filho Hélio , de Almeida Bezerra Marcos , Mota de Jesus Raildo , Chiapetti Jorge
Published: August 2023

Theobroma cacao production in the state of Bahia (Brazil) suffered crises due to a combination of falling prices, the end of subsidized credit, droughts, international supply and witches’ broom disease. The objective was to verify the distribution of the cocoa crop in the state of Bahia and to analyze the indicators of harvested area, production and productivity, starting from the crop crisis that started in the late 1980s. Data were collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography database. and Statistics, period from 1988 to 2019. Cocoa production is present in 26% of the municipalities, distributed in nine economic regions, especially in the east of the state. Harvested area decreased by 30.7%, production by 65.4% and productivity by 50.1%; numbers that demonstrate the dimension of the problem. In the economic regions, there was a separation of two periods: 1988–1999 and 2000–2019. In the first, the indicators show higher numbers that decrease with the deepening of the crisis. In the second, cultivars resistant to witches’ broom and new management and production techniques were implanted, measures related to the behavior of the indicators. Thus, decades after the cocoa farming crisis, increasing production and productivity levels remains a challenge.
Literature Review on South Asian Tourism Industry: Strengths and Weaknesses
Authors: Akmal Asma
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the state of the tourism industry in South Asian nations. This study aims to examine the tourism potentials of South Asian countries, as well as the vulnerabilities and strengths of this industry. For analysis, the available literature was reviewed. According to the results, this region has the potential to attract both regional and international spiritual tourists. Researchers have identified a number of negative aspects, including inadequate transportation, infrastructure, service facilities, and untrained tourist personnel. To promote interregional tourism, it is necessary to revise visa and passport policies.
Challenges for the Promotion of Innovation and R&D in Latin America: A Territorial Perspective
Authors: Alatrista-Corrales Arturo , Coaquira-Flores Angel
Published: August 2023

This chapter aims to analyze the current state of innovation promotion, mainly from a territorial and regional perspective in Latin America. It briefly describes the historical process that led to the relevance of the regional innovation policy. Thus, it also analyzes the orientation, degree of development, maturity, and role of the organizations in charge of promoting regional innovation initiatives. It shows that each region has its own process of adapting to the new challenges of promoting innovation from the territory. The existence of factors contributing to or limiting this process is also observed, some of which may be political, technological, or even cultural. Likewise, the chapter discusses some challenges, dilemmas, and opportunities that some regions of Latin America face. It is intended, with this analysis, to present knowledge that can be useful to public or private organizations in developing countries, which seek to design strategies to promote innovation with an emphasis on the regional level.
Architectural Trend and Style a Historical-Ethical-Esthetic Approach to Design Praxis
Authors: Avila-Calle Marco
Published: August 2023

Throughout the history of mankind, there have been great cultures that have excelled in the creation of architectural works that endure to this day; these works have been catalogued of great architectural value for multiple characteristics. Today, with the globalization of information, architecture has undergone a dizzying change, the distinctive characteristics of the styles marked in history have been mixed, creating an eclectic architecture, the function has gone to the background, the form prevails over the structural and functional, magazine spaces are conceived in places that do not correspond without considering the context in which they are located, so there is no correct definition of the value of the current architectural work. From the above, how to know what characteristics give true value to an architectural work, and if the beauty of architecture always represents the good of humanity, this academic essay addresses the analysis and search for the relationship between ethics, aesthetics and design praxis. Through critical reflection and discourse analysis, ethics and aesthetics in architecture are contextualized, relating the processes of conquest, abstraction, transformation and generation of new knowledge, in order to interpret how the architectural work influences the daily life of man and society.
Bovine Mastitis Control Strategies with Emphasis on Developing Countries
Authors: Iraguha Blaise
Published: August 2023

Mastitis is a major problem that reduces milk production and quality in the whole world. Because mastitis is an endemic disease, farmers in most countries have mastitis control programs to keep mastitis prevalence at a low level of less than 5%. However; a mastitis control program cannot be implemented unless the prevalence and the risk factors of mastitis are known. Therefore; a systematic review was conducted to provide broad information on mastitis prevalence and associated risk factors and propose appropriate control strategies with emphasis on developing countries. This book chapter recommends dairy farmers to monitor milking cow’s udder health, improve hygiene, regular use of teat dips, practice dry cow therapy, appropriate and effective treatment of affected animals.
Neuroimaging for Epilepsy Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Sau Ning Sarah Lau , King Fai Kevin Cheng , Ho Grace
Published: August 2023

This chapter will cover the neuroimaging techniques and their application to the diagnostic work up and management of adults and children with new onset or chronic epilepsy. We will focus on the specific indications and requirements of different imaging techniques for the diagnosis and pre-surgical work up of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies. We will discuss the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic value of imaging features, benign variants and artefacts, and the possible diagnostic significance of non-epileptogenic lesions. This chapter is intended to be relevant for day-to-day practice in average clinical circumstances, with emphasis on MRI and most commonly used functional neuroimaging techniques.
Biological Seed Coating Innovations for Sustainable Healthy Crop Growth in Tomato
Authors: Sujatha Patta , Madhavi Madagoni , Pallavi Mandalapu , Bharathi Yarasi , Jagan Mohan Rao Polneni , Rajeswari Bodduluru , Praveen Kumar Saddy , Akhil Reddy Anumala
Published: August 2023

Biological seed coating (BSC) is the fastest-growing segment under the seed treatment approaches in the global seed market. It refers to the application of certain beneficial microbes to the seed prior to sowing in order to suppress, control, or repel pathogens, insects, and other pests that attack seeds, seedlings, or plants. Beneficial bioagents along with the compatible adjuvants can safely be delivered through coatings onto the seed surface. The polymer acts as a protective cover for bioagents and helps in improving the shelf life and dust-free seed. It is an efficient mechanism for placement of microbial inoculum into soil where they colonize the seedling roots and protect against soil-borne pathogens. It is also used to increase the speed and uniformity of germination, along with protection against soil-borne pathogens in nursery and improves final stand. Some induces systemic resistance in plants against biotic agents. It is a low-cost, alternative viable technology to chemical-based plant protection and nutrition. Thus, the demand for biological seed treatment solutions is increasing in view of consumer acceptance for chemical-free food. They give protection to seedlings in the nursery against damping-off fungi like Fusarium spp. or Rhizoctonia spp. and improve crop growth and yield in the main field.
The Neuropathology of Concussion
Authors: Mavroudis Ioannis , Balmus Ioana-Miruna , Gorgan Lucian , Ciobica Alin
Published: August 2023

This review provides a detailed analysis of the pathophysiology involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI), with an emphasis on mild TBI and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). It explains the dynamic interaction between mechanical trauma and the neuroinflammatory response, especially the crucial role of microglia in post-TBI inflammation. Moreover, the review discusses the significance of dendritic and spinal changes as indicators of a regenerative response. The role of transactive response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 and tau protein in the pathogenesis of mild TBI and CTE is assessed, with tau protein changes being a potential biomarker for acute and chronic TBI-related conditions. The study also investigates syndromes commonly found in young athletes, such as second impact syndrome and juvenile head trauma syndrome. The review addresses the complex inflammatory response after mild TBI, focusing on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP as potential indicators of injury severity and outcome. The review calls for further research to elucidate the exact relationship of these factors in TBI and its long-term effects.
Analysis Dialogs and Machine Consciousness
Authors: Kontos John
Published: August 2023

Analysis dialogs aim at analyzing the operation of a chatbot or more generally of a question answering system to discover its limitations and maybe discover their nonhuman nature as in the case of the Turing test. The answers elicited from the system may be accompanied by explanations that are crucial for judging whether a system is self-aware. Self-awareness of question answering systems, or the so-called “artificial consciousness” require the recording of the actions that a system performs to generate its answer. These actions may be represented either as a path of state changes or as a sequence of reasoning steps. When this path or sequence is too long, an analysis dialog may aim at exploring the capability of a system to summarize the raw explanations and generate shorter explanations friendlier to the interrogating user. The real analysis dialogs of two Turing test champions, namely Chip Vivant and Mitsuku with the user are presented and commented on. The comments aim at clarifying the difficulty of these systems to answer reasonably some questions a fact that indicates their nonhuman nature. The methodology tested was applied to ChatGPT, and the results are presented with analogous comments. An appropriate subset of questions augmented by new ones was used.
Effect of Alhagi maurorum Hydroalcoholic Extract on Preventing Secondary Hydatid Cysts in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Yaghoobi Hajar , Ghanbari Salehe , Hataminejad Maryam , Azizi Hakim
Published: August 2023

Background: Surgery is the main treatment for hydatid cyst disease, during which the spillage of live protoscoleces is a major cause of hydatidosis recurrence. Scolicidal agents are used to prevent this problem. However, they may have some unpleasant side effects. Objectives: This study assessed the scolicidal effects of Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract on developing secondary cysts in BALB/c mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus parasites. Methods: BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with viable protoscoleces. One month after the infection, the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 per group). Group 1 (control group) was orally administered PBS daily. Group 2 was orally administered albendazole daily (150 mg/kg). Group 3 was orally administered Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract daily (500 mg/kg). Group 4 was orally administered Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract daily (250 mg/kg). After 6 weeks of treatment, the weight (g), size (mm), number, and fertility of hydatid cysts were measured after the euthanasia and necropsy of all mice. Results: The weight (g), size (mm), and the number of cysts was significantly lower in the groups receiving 500 mg/kg Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract, 250 mg/kg Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract, and 150 mg/kg albendazole than in the control group (P < 0.05). The fertility percentage of hydatid cysts did not show a significant difference between the four groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in the parasitological parameters between the three groups: Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract 500 mg/kg, Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract 250 mg/kg, and albendazole 150 mg/kg (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings demonstrated the effect of Alhagi maurorum hydroalcoholic extract against protoscoleces in BALB/c mice. However, cellular and molecular research should be carried out to gain a deeper understanding of the various effects of this extract on hydatid cysts.
Survival Rate of Hemodialysis Patients: A Competing Risk Analysis Approach
Authors: Zafar Mohtashami Azita , Hadian Babak , Izadi Meidarsofla Narges
Published: August 2023

Background: Chronic kidney disease, a global health problem, leads to end-stage kidney disease, whose treatment requires long-term renal replacement therapy. The incidence of hemodialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease is increasing worldwide. The survival rate of hemodialysis patients is crucial for decision-making and planning. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the survival rate of hemodialysis patients and its related factors using the competing risk analysis approach to acquire more precise estimations of survival and mortality of the patients. Methods: This study was primarily based on medical records of hemodialysis patients who started dialysis from January 2011 to December 2017. The end of the study follow-up period was December 2021. The study included 214 eligible patients. Death was regarded as the event of interest, kidney transplantation as the competing risk, and other consequences as censored. We analyzed the data by cumulative incidence functions, Gray’s test, and Fine-Gray regression model using R version 4.1.2 and Stata v.16 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The median age at the initiation of hemodialysis was 60 years. The risks of death in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth years were 18.3%, 31.7%, 41.6%, 49.9%, and 60.9%, respectively. In the regression model, age at the initiation of hemodialysis (P-value = 0.000) and education (P-value = 0.000) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: Competing risk estimates of survival analysis of hemodialysis patients are more reliable than conventional approaches (e.g., Kaplan–Meier estimator) for planning and improving interventions and allocating resources. Detection of patients at a younger age and increasing patients' knowledge plays a significant role in improving their survival.
Effect of Three Educational Methods on Anxiety and Hemodynamics of Candidates for Exercise Stress Test: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Beizaei Maani , Torabizadeh Camellia , Shojaei-Zarghani Sara , Safarpour Ali Reza , Mehrabi Manoosh , Jorat Mohammad Vahid
Published: August 2023

Background: Exercise stress test (EST) is commonly performed to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. Patients undergoing EST usually experience anxiety and stress mainly because they lack knowledge about the test. Objectives: The present double-blinded randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effects of education via face-to-face, interactive multimedia, and short messaging service (SMS) methods on anxiety level (main outcome) and vital signs (secondary outcomes) in candidates for EST. Methods: Candidates of EST with moderate to severe anxiety were allocated randomly (block size of 6) to receive education via the face-to-face routine method (control, n = 47), multimedia (n = 48), or SMS (n = 49). The educational content was similar in the groups and focused on EST methods, preparations, and potential adverse effects. Anxiety was assessed at baseline and one week after education. The patients’ blood pressure and pulse rate were measured at baseline, before, and after the EST. Results: One-hundred-forty-four patients completed the study. The post-intervention anxiety reduced significantly in the SMS group compared to the control group (P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = -1.09) and in the SMS group compared to the multimedia group (P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = -0.83). The anxiety score was not significantly different between the multimedia and control groups (P = 0.454, Cohen’s d = -0.26), although within-group comparison showed a significant decrease in the multimedia and SMS groups. Patients who received education via SMS also experienced lower pulse rates than those in the control group. Conclusions: Because of the effectiveness of education via SMS in decreasing patients’ anxiety scores, we recommend using this method to prevent anxiety before EST, especially in developing and low-income countries.
MOSQUITO RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN BULGARIA
Authors: Mikov Ognyan , `Boneva-Bukovska Sofia , Ivanova-Aleksandrova Nadya , Nikolova Milena , Stoitsova Savina , Ivanova Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

Mosquitoes are a group of blood-sucking insects that plays a major role in disease transmission in both humans and animals. They can pose a heavy nuisance, or serve as vectors of numerous viruses and parasites on most continents, including Europe. The strategy for successful control of the mosquito populations relies on the use of insecticides of five different categories: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and biopesticides. The extensive use of the first four classes has resulted in the development of resistance originating in various mechanisms. The main ones are metabolic resistance and genetic resistance, manifested by point mutations in the insecticide targets, resulting in limited binding of neurotoxic substances. Much data is available on mosquito insecticide resistance in Bulgaria between 1948 and 1990, but only regarding organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates. There is no data on pyrethroid resistance, which should raise an alarm for both public health authorities and private pest control companies since the only insecticides registered for professional mosquito control nowadays are pyrethroids. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the use of modern multidisciplinary approaches to study the resistance of native and invasive species of mosquitoes to insecticides, which should be a key contribution to elucidating their role in the circulation of pathogens of humans and animals and optimizing methods for controlling their populations.
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SARS-COV-2 IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HIV INFECTION
Authors: Vangelov Damian , Aleksova Milena , Todorova Yana , Emilova Radoslava , Kapincheva Nikol , Yancheva Nina , Koleva Vesselina , Nikolova Maria
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Data for the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2/HIV co-infection on immune restoration, as well as the level of post-exposure and post-vaccination immunity at the current stage of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in HIV+ individuals is still scarce. We assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses, and the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immune recovery in HIV+cART+ patients with different exposure history. 
Materials and methods. HIV+cART+ patients 9 (2-18) months after mild/moderate COVID-19 and completed immunization with anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (n=13, group A), convalescent, not immunized (n=11, group B), or with no history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (n=11, group C) were included in the study. CD4AC and CD4/CD8 ratio were determined before and after the documented/probable contact with SARS-CoV-2 by 4-color flow cytometry (TRUCount, MultiTest, FACSCanto II). Virus-specific immunity was characterized by the SARS-CoV-2 specific IFNγ production (SARS-CoV-2 IGRA, Euroimmun) and the levels of RBD-IgG ((Euroimmun ELISA). 
Results. SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell and IgG responses were highly correlated and present, respectively, in 92% and 100%; 64% and 54%, 36% and 50% from group A, B and C patients. SARS-CoV-2 specific IFNy+T cells and RDB-IgG were significantly higher in the group with hybrid exposure (A) as compared to convalescent (B) and asymptomatic (C) patients. No significant difference existed between background and actual CD4AC (mean 836 vs 799 cells/µl, p>0.05, Mann-Whitney), and the CD4/CD8 ratio significantly increased in the group with hybrid exposure (0.92 vs 1.07, p<0.01, paired T-test). 
Conclusion. Over 80% of tested HIV+ individuals have mounted a SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response. Immunization and hybrid exposure provide a durable and significantly stronger SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response as compared to mild/ asymptomatic infection, without affecting the long-term immune recovery.
A CLINICAL CASE OF PULMONARY NOCARDIOSIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT
Authors: Boyanova Lyubomira , Ivanova Zoya
Published: August 2023

Nocardia microorganisms are saprophytes, either non-pathogenic or pathogenic, causing nocardiosis. The clinically significant disease  occurs in immunocompromised people, most often as pneumonia with cough, dyspnea, and fever. Antibiotic therapy, which is longer in time, is necessary. The main treatment is with sulfonamides, but the sensitivity of these bacteria varies. Therefore, the antibiotic susceptibility of the respective strain is important to apply combined therapy if needed. The risk of death without treatment is high, especially if the infection disseminates and the brain is involved. Antibacterial prophylaxis is therefore recommended in patients at high risk of nocardiosis. Our clinical case concerns an immunocompromised patient with isolated Nocardia from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
Roles of Telemarketing in Marketing of Marketplace at PT. LTP South Tangerang
Authors: Encep Sopandi  , Nurdin  , Fadli Ahmad , Badriyah  , Surya Kencana Dadang
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted to determine the role of telemarketing in job marketplace marketing at PT LTP South Tangerang, the main purpose of this study was to determine the role of telemarketing in marketing the installation of job vacancy information at PT LTP South Tangerang, Telemarketing obstacles in the marketing process of installing job vacancy information, and solutions carried out to overcome obstacles that occur during the marketing process of installing job vacancy information. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection methods carried out, namely observation, interviews, and literature studies. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the role of telemarketing in job marketplace marketing at PT LTP South Tangerang is to increase the number of customer databases, develop customer relationships by telephone, conduct digital marketing to increase the use and branding of job marketplaces, influence prospective customers to be interested in posting job vacancy information ads, direct and assist the process of posting job vacancy information. There are still obstacles experienced including inadequate telephone facilities, poor telephone networks, not directly connected to the target telephone recipient, and invalid database contact numbers. Then solutions were obtained to overcome existing obstacles, including solutions for inadequate telephone facilities, namely routinely cleaning the chace, preparing cellphone storage reserves and adding telephone facilities. The bad network solution is to change the provider, the solution if it is not directly connected to the target telephone recipient, namely by increasing the number of databases to be called and follow up and ask for HRD contact information so that it can be contacted directly, Then the solution to invalid contact numbers is to update the database with more relevant sources.
ESG - reviravolta oportuna nos investimentos em infraestrutura
Authors: Contador Prof. Ph. D. Claudio R. , Oliveira Dra. Maria de Lara Moutta Calado de , Iaccarino Prof. D. Sc. Sergio
Published: August 2023

Existe uma diferença fundamental entre modismo e relevância permanente. Assim como a logística - na origem um termo de âmbito estritamente militar, hoje com grande amplitude - a trilogia ESG (Environment, Social e Governança), possibilita uma envoltória nos projetos, ao tratar ambiente, aspectos sociais e de governança de forma harmônica e equilibrada, situação negligenciada anteriormente. É evidente não ser modismo e sim adequação dos projetos de infraestrutura. Sendo assim, ao tratar dos reflexos de assumirmos uma metodologia ESG, enquanto se evidenciam as oportunidades para o setor de infraestrutura de transportes, devemos visualizar com clareza que - a exemplo de uma competição como o salto em altura dos jogos olímpicos, na qual a barra a ser ultrapassada (métrica) vai sendo aumentada à medida do sucesso em transpô-la pelos atletas - a exigência da trilogia ESG também vai sendo ampliada, com exigências de modernidade. Nesta pesquisa, é apresentada análise evolutiva do tripé ESG e sua utilização nos projetos, considerando - de forma agregada, sistêmica e sinérgica - que o limiar de bons projetos deva ser representado por bons contratos administrativos. Assim - e de forma inovadora - se vincula a metodologia ESG à recente lei 14.133 de 01/04/2021, a qual, já sintonizada com a nova realidade, abrange artigos sobre a ESG e seus evidentes reflexos nos projetos de infraestrutura. Este estudo efetiva uma abordagem da ESG, analisando sua essência e elementos motivacionais para inserção nos projetos, almejando inspirar outros trabalhos técnicos, tendo em vista que sua utilização é e será uma incontornável exigência nos cenários atuais e futuros, não somente pela abordagem adequada à realidade, como também em termos de oportunidades de surgimento de ótimos projetos para o setor de infraestrutura de transportes, considerando sua inserção no quadro de desenvolvimento sustentável.