bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinant of the level of sharia compliance of Islamic banks in Indonesia
Authors: Hasani Muhammad Adib , Muhammad Rifqi
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine the relationship between SSB remuneration, SSB cross-membership, board independence, audit committee independence, IAH, leverage, profitability, and firm size to the level of sharia compliance of Islamic banks. In this study, sharia compliance is measured by an index compiled in previous studies. The sample used in this study is 10 Islamic banks that have published annual reports on each website with an observation period between 2015-2020. Multiple regression analysis using EViews 10 application. The results of this study indicate that board independence, audit committee independence, firm size, and SSB cross-membership significantly affect sharia compliance. While SSB remuneration, IAH, leverage, and profitability do not affect the level of sharia compliance.
Case Study of a Mathematical Dance Performance “Point Has No Parts”
Authors: Budinski Natalija , Joksimović Jelena , Vučićević Danijela , Lavicza Zsolt
Published: November 2022

This paper describes a process of developing dance performance based and inspired by mathematical concepts and development of mathematics through history. The performance was included in the manifestation of the May month of mathematics in Serbia and prepared in collaboration with mathematicians, choreographers, dancers, science communicators and designers. The mathematical-dance performance was called “Point has no parts” and covered development of several important mathematical concepts and highlighted its influences on the contemporary world saturated with technology.
Neural Assemblies as Precursors for Brain Function
Authors: Greer Kieran
Published: November 2022

This concept paper gives a narrative about intelligence from insects to the human brain, showing where evolution may have been influenced by the structures in these simpler organisms. The ideas also come from the author's own cognitive model, where a number of algorithms have been developed over time and the precursor structures should be codable to some level. Through developing and trying to implement the design, ideas like separating the data from the function have become architecturally appropriate and there have been several opportunities to make the system more orthogonal. Similarly for the human brain, neural structures may work in-sync with the neural functions, or may be slightly separate from them. Each section discusses one of the neural assemblies with a potential functional result, that cover ideas such as timing or scheduling, structural intelligence and neural binding. Another aspect of self-representation or expression is interesting and may help the brain to realise higher-level functionality based on these lower-level processes.
Evidence of Critical Dynamics in the Honey Bee Swarm
Authors: Shpurov Ivan Ilich , Froese Tom
Published: November 2022

Social insects, such as honey bees exhibit complex behavioral patterns and their inconspicuous coordination enables decision-making on the colony level. It is thus proposed, that a high-level description of their collective behavior might share commonalities with neural processes in the brains. At the same time, recent research concerning overarching features of neural activity implies that brains are poised at the edge of the critical phase transition and that such a state is enabling maximal computational power and adaptability. In our research, we applied some tools developed in the computational neuroscience field to the dataset of bee trajectories recorded within the hive, during the course of many days. Our results imply that certain characteristics of the system are remarkably similar to the Ising model when it operates at critical temperature and also shares some of the features with the human brain at the resting state
Automatic XML Extraction from Word and Formatting of E-book Formats: Insight into the Open Source Academic Publishing Suite (OS-APS)
Authors: Borchert Carsten , Cozatl Roberto , Eichler Frederik , Hoffmann Astrid , Putnings Markus
Published: November 2022

Due to resource constraints, most Diamond Open Access journals publish less than 25 articles per year, and 75% of journals are not able to provide their content in XML and HTML, primarily providing only PDFs (Bosman et al., 2021, p. 7-8). In order to keep up with larger commercial publishers, a high degree of automation and streamlining of processes is necessary. The Open Source Academic Publishing Suite (OS-APS) project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research aims to achieve this. OS-APS automatically extracts the underlying XML from Word manuscripts and offers optimization and export options in various formats (PDF, HTML, EPUB). The professional corporate design, e.g., of the PDFs, is managed automatically by using templates or creating one's own using a Template Development Kit. OS-APS will also connect to scholarly-led and community-driven publishing platforms such as Open Journal Systems (OJS), Open Monograph Press (OMP), and DSpace: the software will be able to be integrated into a wide range of publication processes, whether at small, low-resource commercial Open Access Publishers, or institutional and Diamond Open Access Publishers. References: Bosman, J., Frantsvåg, J. E., Kramer, B., Langlais, P.‑C., & Proudman, V. (2021). Oa Diamond Journals Study. Part 1: Findings. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558703
Do Quantum Measurements Reveal Pre-existing Properties?
Authors: Mardari Ghenadie N.
Published: November 2022

The EPR paradox was caused by the provision that quantum variables must have pre-existing values. This type of “hidden property realism” was later falsified by Bell’s Theorem. Yet, modern interpretations of quantum entanglement still insist on the reality of pre-existing properties, whether explicitly or implicitly. Instead, they treat Bell’s inequality as a Locality Criterion. This is a questionable practice, considering that classical joint measurements also violate such inequalities for mutually exclusive wave properties. In particular, consecutive measurements of polarization produce the same coefficients of correlation as parallel measurements with polarization-entangled quanta, yet they are explicitly local. Nonetheless, they also require nonlocal interpretations if pre-existing properties are taken for granted. The solution is to reject the models with pre-existing properties for both classical and quantum wave-like phenomena.
The Place of the Child in Recent Australian Debate about Freedom of Religion and Belief
Authors: Barker Renae
Published: November 2022

Political and legal debate about freedom of religion and belief (FoRB) in Australia has intensified since the Same-sex marriage postal survey in 2017. Central to this debate has been children, their parents and institutions (Schools). This paper outlines the place of children in the Australian FoRB since 2017, focusing on the Same-sex marriage postal survey debate and subsequent reviews into freedom of religion. In particular it highlights the links drawn between same-sex marriage or marriage equality and the Safe School Coalition Australia campaign, the emphasis on parental rights in relation to education about marriage in schools and the ongoing debate about potential reform to Australia’s suit of anti-discrimination laws
Optimal Irrigation Levels can Improve Maize Growth, Yield, and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency under Drip Irrigation in Northwest China
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Wang Guodong , Liang Fei , Li Quansheng , Tian Yuxin , Jia Hongtao
Published: November 2022

Drip irrigation systems are becoming more and more mature and are present extensively applied to increase crop yield and water use efficiency in Xinjiang, northwest China. To investigate the effects of irrigation quota on maize growth, the grain yield, and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), a field experiment with four irrigation quotas (T1 4200m3·hm-2, T2 4800m3·hm-2, T3 5400m3·hm-2 and T4 6000m3·hm-2.) were conducted from 2013 to 2021 in Xinjiang China. The re-sults showed significant changes in maize growth, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency in response to different irrigation quotas. The plant height, leaf area index, SPAD, biomass, yield and harvest index of maize at different irrigation quotas all showed a “single peak curve”, and its change was closely related to the irrigation level. The growth index, dry matter accumulation, yield and irrigation water use efficiency with T3 were the highest. The dry matter transfer effi-ciency, contribution of dry matter translocation to grain and the harvest index with T3 showed significant increase of 13.86%, 26.06%, 29.93% and 7.62% compared to T1, respectively. In com-parison to T1, T2 and T4, the yield of T3 increased by 32.17%, 13.54% and 11.27% respectively, and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increased by 2.80%, 0.93% and 23.63% respectively. The significant correlations established between the maize yield and irrigation quotas could be sim-ulated by kuznets-style relation. The maize yield was negative correlated with irrigation quotas, When the irrigation quota (x) was 5376.73m3·hm-2, the maize yield (y) was 15841.00m3·hm-2. These results demonstrate that the optimized irrigation quota (5400m3·hm-2 treatment) can effectively improve the growth, yield and irrigation water use efficiency of drip irrigation maize in North-west China. In the meanwhile, it can provide theoretical reference and data support for the op-timal irrigation amount of drip irrigation maize in Northwest Xinjiang.
Prevalence and Severity of Breast Arterial Calcification on Routine Mammography
Authors: Bochkareva E. V. , Butina E. K. , Bayramkulova E. Kh. , Molchanova O. V. , Rozhkova N. I. , Gavrilova N. E. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: November 2022

Aim. To determine the frequency of detection and severity of breast arterial calcification (BAC) among women undergoing mammography on the basis of medical institutions in Moscow.Material and methods. The analysis included 4274 digital mammograms of women aged 40-93 who underwent preventive or diagnostic mammography. Standard full-format digital mammograms were performed in craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections. In addition to the standard diagnosis of breast disease, all mammograms were evaluated for the presence of BAC. The severity of BAC was assessed on a 12-point scale: mild 3-4 points, moderate 5-6 points, severe 7-12 points.Results. The average frequency of BAC was 10.1%, in the middle age group 50-59 years – 6.0%. The incidence of BAC increased with age, from 0.4% to 0.6% in women <50 years of age to >50% in women ≥80 years of age. A statistically significant and pronounced correlation was found between the woman's age and the presence of BAC r Pearson =0.769 (p<0.001). There was also a less noticeable but statistically significant correlation between age and severity of BAC r Spearman =0.319 (p<0.001). Regression analysis made it possible to estimate the probability of CAD depending on age. In women <50 years of age, only mild to moderate calcification occurred, while those ≥65 years of age had a significant increase in the incidence of severe CAD.Conclusion. There was an expected increase with age in both prevalence and severity of BAC. Cases of severe BAC in women younger than 65 years of age and any BAC in women younger than 50 years of age are atypical and require clarification of their association with cardiovascular and other diseases.
The Role of Structured Telephone Support in the Development of Self-care in Comorbid Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Kartamysheva E. D. , Lopatin Yu. M.
Published: November 2022

Aim. To research the effect of structured telephone support on the self-care in comorbid patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) over 12 months of follow-up.Material and methods. Self-care was assessed using The Self-care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI, version 6.2) in 130 patients with CHF II-IV functional class according to NYHA, mean age 63.2±9.6 years old, left ventricular ejection fraction averaged 47.1±11.6%, men (70.8%) and patients with ischemic etiology of CHF (78.5%) prevailed. After fixed simple randomization by the envelope method, the patients were divided into groups of standard (control) and active outpatient follow-up (additional telephone contacts or correspondence using available messengers – structured telephone support). All patients received CHF therapy in accordance with the current Russian clinical guidelines. The indicators evaluated initially and after 12 months of follow-up.Results. Over 12 months, total SCHFI scores increased significantly by 62% in the telephone support group and by 34.7% in the comparison group (p<0.001). A significant maximum improvement in the score was noted in section B of this scale (self-care management) in patients in the telephone support group (by 100%; p<0.001).There was an improvement in the clinical condition and an increase in exercise tolerance in both groups, somewhat more in the telephone support group (p>0.05).However, there were no statistically significant differences in the intake of the main groups of drugs and the achievement of their target dosages (p>0.05).Conclusion. The study found a positive effect of structured telephone support on the self-care and the clinical condition of patients with CHF, although it did not reach the maximum possible acceptable values. Further studies are need to assess the self-care in patients with CHF.
The Problem of Drug Interactions Between Rosuvastatin and Ticagrelor in the Aspect of the Risk of Rhabdomyolysis: Discussion of the Problem and Description of the Clinical Case
Authors: Gaisenok O. V. , Chichkov Yu. M. , Leonova M. V.
Published: November 2022

Background. Combination therapy with two antiplatelet agents (ticagrelor or clopidogrel plus acetylsalicylic acid) and a high dose statin is recommended in accordance with clinical guidelines for patients undergoing acute coronary syndrome and coronary intervention. Combined therapeutic regimens have drug-drug interaction potential. Rhabdomyolysis is a known side effect of statin therapy, and there is evidence that co-therapy with ticagrelor increases the risk of this complication.Case description. A 72-year-old female patient was hospitalized with typical signs of rhabdomyolysis: muscle pain, oliguria, weakness, significant increases in creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin and creatinine. One month before that, she was urgently hospitalized with acute recurrent ST-elevation myocardial infarction and underwent endovascular intervention on a critical stenosis of the left anterior descending artery with stent implantation. After that, rosuvastatin 40 mg per day and ticagrelor 90mg 2 times a day were added to her therapy. During the current hospitalization, rosuvastatin, ACE inhibitors and spirolactone were canceled, infusion therapy was carried out, which led to a rapid regression of symptoms, restoration of adequate diuresis, and normalization of CK, myoglobin and creatinine levels. Conclusions. The combined use of ticagrelor with rosuvastatin (especially at a high dose) increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis in elderly patients. Patients taking ticagrelor may require changes in statin therapy, dose adjustments, and possible drug changes to avoid pharmacological interactions and an increased risk of side effects.
Assessment and Correction of the Cardiac Complications Risk in Non-cardiac Operations – What's New?
Authors: Sumin A. N.
Published: November 2022

Cardiovascular complications after non-cardiac surgery are the leading cause of 30-day mortality. The need for surgical interventions is approximately 5,000 procedures per 100,000 population, according to experts, the risks of non-cardiac surgical interventions are markedly higher in the elderly. It should be borne in mind that the aging of the population and the increased possibilities of medicine inevitably lead to an increase in surgical interventions in older people. Recent years have been characterized by the appearance of national and international guidelines with various algorithms for assessing and correcting cardiac risk, as well as publications on the validation of these algorithms. The purpose of this review was to provide new information about the assessment and correction of the risk of cardiac complications in non-cardiac operations. Despite the proposed new risk assessment scales, the RCRI scale remains the most commonly used, although for certain categories of patients (with oncopathology, in older age groups) the possibility of using specific questionnaires has been shown. In assessing the functional state, it is proposed to use not only a subjective assessment, but also the DASI questionnaire, 6-minute walking test and cardiopulmonary exercise test). At the next stage, it is proposed to evaluate biomarkers, primarily BNP or NT-proBNP, with a normal level – surgery, with an increased level – either an additional examination by a cardiologist or perioperative troponin screening. Currently, the prevailing opinion is that there is no need to examine patients to detect hidden lesions of the coronary arteries (non-invasive tests, coronary angiography), since this leads to excessive examination of patients, delaying the implementation of non-cardiac surgery. The extent to which this approach has an advantage over the previously used one remains to be studied.
The problem of obesity «through the eyes» of patients (results of the survey of patients of the outpatient registry)
Authors: Lerman O. V. , Lukina Yu. V. , Kutishenko N. P. , Martsevich S. Yu. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: November 2022

Aim. To assess, based on the results of the questionnaire, patients' awareness of the presence, possible causes and health effects of overweight /obesity; to determine patients' self-assessment of their own weight, information about the methods used to treat the disease, adherence to therapy.Material and methods. The survey of patients of the outpatient registry was carried out as part of a face-to-face visit of inclusion in the observational study of EVA using a specially designed questionnaire. Out of 582 patients of the PROFILE registry who came for a visit in the period from 08.04.2019 to 24.03.2020, 295 people with a body mass index (BMI) were included in the study>25 kg/m2.Results. According to the BMI values, the patients of the study cohort were divided into 4 groups: 108 (36.6%) with pre-obesity, 124 (42.1%) with class I obesity, 42 (14.2%) with class II obesity, 21 (7.1%) with class III obesity. With an increase in the class of obesity, the number of patients who admit the presence of this pathology in self-assessment increases (p<0.0001): 26.6% of patients with grade I obesity, 47.6% with grade II obesity and 81% of patients with grade III obesity gave correct answers. Among the possible causes of overweight/obesity, every third patient of the study indicated physical inactivity (31.3%) and every fifth specified excessive nutrition (20.8%). The majority of patients, 244 (82.7%), believe that being overweight worsens their health, the same number of patients, 255 (86.4%), are sure that they need to lose weight. The most common (70% of responses) for weight loss patients used various dietary restrictions, fasting, only 17% of patients increased the level of physical activity. Frequent violation of the principles of rational nutrition was revealed (insufficient amount of fruits and vegetables in the diet, salting food, eating a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates. One hundred and thirty nine (47.1%) patients noted that it was difficult for them to observe any restrictions in food, to adhere to a diethalf of all patients and 70% of patients with class III obesity experience a constant feeling of hunger. Of the 25 patients to whom pharmacotherapy was recommended, 21 (84%) people were adherent.Conclusion. Overweight and obese patients are not always critical of self-assessment of their body weight, and the main reasons for being overweight or obese considered to be inactivity and various violations of the principles of rational nutrition. The patients of the study cohort were characterized by eating disorders and half of the patients showed signs of food addiction. Recommendations for the pharmacotherapy of obesity were received by less than 10% of patients in the study cohort, while the patients' adherence to drug therapy was high.
A New Chapter in the Treatment of Patients with Heart Failure. The Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter Type 2 Inhibitors
Authors: Golubovskaya D. P. , Karetnikova V. N. , Oleinik I. R. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: November 2022

Heart failure (HF) remains one of the major social and medical public health problems worldwide. Despite new advances in the treatment of patients with HF, the prognosis is still poor. According to the European Cardiology Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (CHF) 2021, a new class of drugs related to hypoglycemic has been confirmed to be effective in influencing the survival of patients with heart failure with low ejection fraction (HFpEF), regardless of the presence of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. We are talking about inhibitors of the sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (iSGLT-2) or gliflozins. The article presents the results of the latest large clinical trials on the effective use of SGLT-2 in patients with HF, not only with low, but also with intact ejection fraction (HFpEF), for which there is no evidence base at the present stage. The review article presents the results of experimental studies that explored the potential mechanisms of action of gliflozins with an emphasis on new ones that are of fundamental importance for patients with heart failure, and also describes controversial and little-studied issues. Currently, there is no therapy that improves outcomes in patients with acute heart failure. The article presents the results of small analyzes of the use of iSGLT-2 in this category of patients, which are the basis for the hypothesis of their potentially effective and safe use in the case of acute decompensation of CHF, however, the role of gliflozins in this category of patients requires further in-depth study.
Dissolution of NTO, DNAN, and insensitive munitions formulations and their fates in soils : SERDP ER-2220
Authors: Dontsova Katerina , Taylor Susan , Arthur Jennifer , Becher Julie , Brusseau Mark , Hunt Edward , Mark Noah , Ringelberg Dave , Šimunek Jirí , Walsh Marianne
Published: November 2022

The US military is interested in replacing TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) with DNAN (2,4-di-nitroanisole) and NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), which have similar explosive characteristics but are less likely to detonate unintentionally. Although these replacements are good explosives, basic information about their fate and transport was needed to evaluate their environmental impact and life-cycle management. This project measured their dissolution, photodegradation, and how aqueous solutions interact with soils, data critical to determining exposure potential and, consequently, risk.
Oil palm cultivation and social indicators of independent smallholders in pompa air: A review
Authors: Hamid Ernawati , Yanita Mirawati , Alamsyah Zulkifli
Published: November 2022

This study aims to describe the independent smallholders' oil palm farming and the social conditions of the ISPO-certified farmers. who are members of KUD Mutiara Bumi. Descriptive and quantitative data were used to describe oil palm farming and the social needs of independent smallholders who received ISPO certificates. The results showed that the average oil palm production was 23,788 Kg/Ha/Year with an average selling price of IDR. 1,578/Kg. The land use is 3.12 Ha/Farmer, the number of trees is 132/Ha, fertilizer 920 Kg/Ha/Year, pesticides 8.02 litre/Ha/Year, and labour is 64.46 working days/Ha. For comparison, the measurement of farmer social studies consists of livelihood, education level, housing, and consumption patterns. Therefore, each hand was classified with the appropriate category, except for livelihood and education indicators. Ownership of an ISPO Certificate requires a commitment to maintaining compliance with standards and improving social indicators.
Study on entrepreneurship competencies of coffee farmers
Authors: Rasoki Timbul , Nurmalia Ana , Asnamawati Lina
Published: November 2022

Coffee is the main source of income for 1.8 million heads of farming families spread across almost all provinces and 69 thousand families of employees of large plantations, plays a role in job creation, encouraging domestic agribusiness. The stock of coffee beans in Indonesia for the last 5 years has continued to decline. Seeing this phenomenon, researchers are interested in studying entrepreneurial competence, and the factors that influence it both directly and indirectly. Determination of respondents using the method of arikunto 10% of the total population, then obtained as many as 496 respondents. Analysis of research data using path equations. The results of the study stated the eleven indicators of entrepreneurial competence have competencies of which 1 indicator is included in low competence. The results of the path analysis state that X2 (Farming Business Experience), X5 (Access to Information), X7 (Farmers' Perceptions of Government Policy) have a significant direct and indirect influence on the entrepreneurial competence of farmers.
The Use of Indonesian-English Code Mixing in One of Molita Lin’s YouTube Video as Beauty Vlogger
Authors: Auliabella Putu Prahasti Des
Published: November 2022

The occurrence of code mixing phenomenon was unavoidable, moreover in the bilingual society such as Indonesia, where the speakers communicate by in other (foreign) languages besides their national or local languages. There is no exception to Molita Lin, an Indonesian beauty vlogger who produces and uploads videos about beauty-related topics, such as cosmetics, skincare products, body care routines, and make-up tutorials to the YouTube platform. Since she has the ability to speak in English, Molita Lin significantly uses English terms while explaining something in her videos. Therefore, this study was aimed to provide an important opportunity to advance the understanding the types of code mixing as well as the reasons of the occurrences of code mixing in one of Molita Lin’s YouTube video entitled “SKINCARE UNTUK PEMULA ANTI RIBET | Day Night” by using documentation method as the method of data collection. and then the data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively by applying theories proposed by Hoffman regarding types and the reasons of code mixing. As an outcome, this study concluded that in the Molita Lin’s video transcribe, there are three types of code mixing and only four out of seven reasons of code mixing that can be observed.
Teachers’ Profile on Minimum Competency Assessment Tasks Implementation in Senior High School Level
Authors: Ni'amah Afi
Published: November 2022

Pandemic era has given amendment toward education that the government legalizes new regulation related to learning quality by considering assessment matter. In relation to assessment, minimum competency assessment is the first aspect to be deliberated. It made the society is not prepared and get incomprehensible. Considering teachers take essential role in the implementation of the new regulation, investigation on teachers’ competence on designing minimum competency assessment task comes into concern. In analyzing teachers’ competence, qualitative method was prepared by combining documentation and questionnaire. The documentation is minimum competency assessment tasks designed by teachers. The tasks designed were analyzed by using components of AKM. Based on the data analysis, the tasks designed were fulfilled and completed the components of AKM that teachers’ competence on designing AKM tasks is accomplished. In finding teachers’ sketch, questionnaire was then distributed. The questionnaire confirms teachers’ motivation in AKM implementation. By referring to the questionnaire, suggestion for further research related to minimum competency assessment is recommended for the sake of society’s conception on succeeding learning quality as well as assessment matter supplemented that support their perplexing.
THE EFFECT OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM ON STUDENTS‟ READING COMPREHENSION AT SMA NEGERI 1 WAWOTOBI
Authors: Umar Abdullah
Published: November 2022

The purpose of study is to investigate the effect of flipped classroom on students reading comprehension at SMA Negeri 1 Wawotobi. This study employed a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test design without control group for quantitative approach. The population of this research was the entire XI IPS 2 students’ of SMAN 1 Wawotobi who enrolled in academic year 2021/2022. The data were obtained from students’ pre-test and posttest scores. The pre-test was given before the treatment applied and the posttest is given after the treatment finished. Results of the study found that there was a significant positive effect of flipped classroom on students’ reading comprehension, p (.000) 0.05 with the effect size was 3.57. In light of all these findings, flipped classroom significantly affected students’ reading comprehension.
An Integrated Review on Asphaltene: Definition, Chemical Composition, Properties, and Methods for Determining Onset Precipitation
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed A. , Abdul-Majeed Ghassan H. , Alhuraishawy Ali K.
Published: November 2022

Asphaltene is a solid oil component with a wide range of molecular compositions and structures, making it one of oil’s most complicated components. The deposition and precipitation of asphaltene in several places along the oil production line, such as the wellbore, reservoir, flow lines, tubing, and the separation unit at the surface, of the most prevalent flow assurance challenges. Changes in pressure, composition, and temperature cause asphaltene to precipitate out of the oil continuum. Variations in operation condition are caused by various recovery processes (gas injection, natural depletion, and chemical injection) in addition to the creation and blending of various oils during transportation. This paper presents a complete review of asphaltene precipitation (AP) and deposition (AD), which in turn helps in understanding the governing mechanisms and thermodynamic behaviors in this field. This study consists of several stages: analyzing the current state of asphaltene research (asphaltene characteristics, chemical nature, molecular structure, asphaltene crude oil phase behavior, solubility factors, and other factors); describing the phases of asphaltene (from its stability through its deposition in the reservoir pores, facilities, wellbore path in addition to the reasons for their occurrence); clarifying the rheology and asphaltene flow behavior in the reservoir; and finally examining the advantages and disadvantages of most widely used strategies for determining onset AP. In addition, some measured Iraqi asphaltene data are demonstrated and analyzed. This work will contribute to better knowledge of asphaltene and will serve as a reference for future studies on how to properly investigate and simulate asphaltene.
A Mechanistic Model for the Two-Phase Slug Flow of the Purely Viscous Non-Newtonian Liquids through Pipes
Authors: Ramirez M. G. , Cruz D. O. A. , Nikfarjam F. , Anbarlooei H. R.
Published: November 2022

Mechanistic slug models generally depend on several empirical correlations. This work presents an extended model, which incorporates a recently theoretically developed family of friction equations for purely viscous non-Newtonian fluids to reduce this dependency. In contrast to other models where a fixed transition Reynolds number is used, a proper rheology-dependent laminar-to-turbulent transition criteria has been adopted. Finally, to fully specify the characteristics of the slug flow, a new model is introduced for the slug frequency, by balancing the pressure forces and the drag over the gas bubble. The resulting model requires just one empirical coefficient, drag coefficient of the bubble, which depends on the rheology of the fluids and diameter of the pipe. The developed models have been extensively verified with the experimental data, for the two-phase flows with Newtonian and non-Newtonian (power law and Bingham) liquid phase. Our mechanistic model predicts the pressure drop of the experimental data within ±20% error range, while it does not introduce any new empirical coefficient for the non-Newtonian case. This model, besides its simplicity and accuracy, successfully captures the physical trends in experimental data where other available models fail. The frequency model with calibrated drag coefficient reproduces the experiments with less than 30% error, while one can find a universal drag coefficient which can reproduce most of the experimental observations within the same error range. To summarize, the proposed models can fully characterize two-phase slug flows in presence of a non-Newtonian purely viscous fluid phase.
Rapid Paediatric and Adolescent Anti-retroviral Therapy Optimization in Uganda, 2020-2021: a National Implementation Success During a Raging Covid19 Pandemic
Authors: Namusoke-Magongo Eleanor , Nakanwagi Miriam , Adoa Dennis , Nyamitoro Ian , Arinaitwe Ivan , Nazziwa Esther , Nkolo Esther Karamagi , Nabitaka Vennie , Chimulwa Teddy , Kiranda Edward Katto , Ayitewala Alisen , Ochora Esther Nyamugisa , Katureebe Cordelia , Musinguzi Joshua
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Children and adolescents (0-19 years) living with HIV (CALHIV) in Uganda have historically had lower viral load suppression (VLS) rates than adults and this was partly attributed to sub-optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. By June 2019, less than 50% of CALHIV were on optimal regimens despite appropriate policies in place. In July 2019, Ministry of Health (MOH) embarked on an ART optimization campaign to put all CALHIV on optimal regimens. We describe the process, challenges, and achievements during June 2019 – March 2021.
Methods
The campaign started in July 2019 and ART optimization was phased by age and by region due to ART stock shortage and gradually spread to the entire country with realization of sufficient stock. ART optimization referred to initiating or transitioning CALHIV on either an integrase strand transfer inhibitor(dolutegravir) or a protease inhibitor (Boosted lopinavir) as the anchor drug.
Implementation of the campaign involved building capacity for ART optimization for all stakeholders and weekly use of robust data to monitor progress and make timely interventions along with regular supervision and onsite mentorships. MOH developed indicators on optimization which the implementing partners reported at weekly meetings facilitated by the MOH.
A data call was made at end of March 2021 to determine the progress on ART optimization of CALHIV in Uganda and VLS analysis was done to assess the early impact of ART optimization.
Results
Adolescents comprised the majority (40,931/ 64,723; 63.2%) of CALHIV in HIV care by March 2021. Almost all (63,053/64,723; 97.4%) of CALHIV had been transitioned to optimal ART regimens. Despite the successful ART optimization for CALHIV, viral load suppression increased just slightly and remained suboptimal (<95%) by March 2021.
Conclusions
Proper preparation and timely data use for decision making enabled Uganda to succeed at ART optimization for almost all CALHIV amidst the COVID19 pandemic. However, ART optimization alone was not sufficient to have optimal viral load suppression nationally.
Red dichromatic imaging improved the visibility of exposed blood vessels in gastric ulcer induced by endoscopic submucosal dissection– a pilot study
Authors: miyamoto shuichi , Ono Masayoshi , Sugiura Ryo , Higashino Masayuki , Suda Goki , Kohya Lisako , Suzuki Kazuharu , Hirata Koji , Abiko Satoshi , Kinoshita Kenji , Hirata Hiromi , Hatanaka Kazuteru , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Naruse Hirohito , Ono Shoko , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: November 2022

Background
One of the major complications of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is delayed bleeding. The treatment of exposed vessels after completed dissection should be effective to avoid delayed bleeding. However, it’s sometimes difficult to detect the detection of exposed blood vessels on ulcers induced by ESD. A recent study reported that red dichromatic imaging (RDI) was useful for detecting exposed vessels. In this study, we aimed to measure the visibility of exposed vessels and the quantitative color difference between the exposed vessels and surrounding tissue on ulcers, as observed using RDI after completed dissection.
Methods
Sixty-four vessels (14 patients) in gastric ESD-induced ulcers were evaluated using both white light imaging (WLI) and RDI. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage 1976 (L*a*b*) color space was used to measure the color difference. The color difference was evaluated by comparing the color values of regions of interest for the point of an exposed vessel and three points surrounding an exposed vessel. The visibility of exposed vessels was evaluated using a visibility scoring system. The primary endpoint was color differences (ΔE) between the exposed vessels and surrounding tissue in each modality.
Results
The average ΔE values (± SEM) for WLI and RDI were 24.85 (± 1.19) and 31.83(± 1.31), respectively. The ΔE value for RDI was significantly higher than that for WLI (p < 0.01). The visibility score was improved in 54.7% (35/64) of cases.
Conclusions
The color differences between the exposed vessels and surrounding tissue on gastric ESD-induced ulcers were higher with RDI than with WLI, and RDI improved the visibility of exposed vessels.
One-Step Combinatorial Strategy for Optimization of Antibiotics With Plant Extract Against Drug Resistant Clinical Bacteria
Authors: Gideon Mathew , Ladan Zakari
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of global concern, resistance to every antibiotic is not an essential requirement for bacteria or fungi to be considered dangerous, and a severe problem can arise from resistance to just one antibiotic. Medicinal plants are the primary sources of active ingredients used in formulating drugs. This current work demonstrates a one-step combinatorial strategy where antibiotics can be optimized using random selectivity of phytochemicals present in aqueous plant extract, which is effective against resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp, and Escherichia coli. Concentrated sulphuric acid and 10% sodium hydroxide were used in the combination of Calotropis Procera extract with Amoxicillin and Ampicillin at 1 mg/mL. To validate the positive results obtained in stage one, Piliostigma reticulatum extract was combined with 100 µg/mL of azithromycin and separately with 100 µg/ml of ampicillin, varying the volume of the acid. Higher inhibitions zones were observed at 16.7 mm for salmonella spp, 16.4 mm for shigella spp, 16.8 mm for S. aureus, 21.3 mm for E.coli, and 22.4 mm streptococcus spp in situations where antibiotics inhibitions zones were 0 mm. The results of this present work report a cost-effective method by which antibiotics can be enhanced to overcome resistance in bacteria using various phytochemicals present in plant extracts. This method can be explored and applied in different ways to identify novel compounds isolates and purify their active principles for selectivity, efficacy, safety, and their development to the clinical trial candidate, which may lead to being applied in antiviral and anticancer research to overcome enormous health challenges.
Comparative root anatomy and root bud development in two species of Malvaceae
Authors: Cury Graziela , Santos Devid , Barbosa Lucas , Ferro Luan , Lima Leomar
Published: November 2022

Aims. Since underground plant organs, usually the thickened ones, are structures capable of producing buds that allow shoot regrowth when the aerial part of the plants is eliminated by human disturbances or fire episodes and some plants have roots that produce buds, which may or may not be branched systems, but which allow vegetative propagation in unfavorable environments, due the presence of carbohydrate of reserves tis study aimed to analyze the roots of two Brazilian species, Apeiba tibourbou and Pachira aquatica, which present starch grains, root buds and capacity to propagate vegetatively and to compare the anatomical structure of these gemiferous roots.
Methods. The material of both species was analyzed in loco environment, collected and anatomical standardized methods were used to compare the species. Also tests for carbohydrate detection were made.
Results. Anatomical analyses showed that these roots produce endogenous buds, originating from pericycle cells in A. tibourbou and from parenchyma rays in P. aquatica. Both species presented starch as carbohydrate reserve but with significance difference on the amount between them.
Conclusions.The results demonstrated the diversity not only in relation to the high potential of differentiation and specialization of plant cells, but also in relation to the reproductive strategies adopted by these species, whether they are associated with the environment or not.
The effects of social capital, the sharing economy, and mutual support on the co-housing intentions of elderly groups - Application of the theory
Authors: Yeh Wen-chih , Lee Chun-chang , Chang Hung-chung , Lin Miao-Fen , Yu Zheng
Published: November 2022

Backgrounds: The aging of the population and low birth rates are two major social issues worldwide and are particularly prominent in Taiwan. Co-housing, which has been implemented in Europe, the U.S., and Japan for several years, is often regarded as a solution for housing elderly groups.
Methods: This study integrated the theory of planned behavior with three variables—social capital, the sharing economy, and mutual support-to explore the co-housing intentions of elderly groups. The questionnaire survey method was employed for data collection, and 335 responses were recovered.
Results: The empirical results indicated that social capital and the sharing economy indirectly and significantly affect co-housing intentions through attitudes as a mediator variable. Furthermore, perceived behavioral control had significant positive effects on co-housing intentions.
Conclusion: The results imply that social capital and the sharing economy are important determinants of elderly groups' decisions on whether to co-live with younger generations.
Expression Analysis of Fiber Pigmentation Genes in Cotton
Authors: Muneer Ayesha , Khan Zulqurnain , Ali Zulfiqar , Fatima Akash
Published: November 2022

The biochemical basis of pigmentation has been well studied in naturally colored cotton, but little is known about the molecular basis of color development in cotton fibers. The differences in pigmentation between white, khaki, shades of brown and shades of green cotton fiber can be mined by the molecular study of structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The transcriptome analysis of five flavonoid biosynthesis related structural genes, encoding chalcone isomerase (GhCHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (GhF3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (GhDFR), anthocyanidin synthase (GhANS), and anthocyanidin reductase (GhANR) was performed at two fiber developmental stages i.e. 10 DPA and 20 DPA in white, khaki, dark brown, light brown, green, light green and dark green cotton. The transcript level of all structural genes was higher in brown cotton fiber as compared to green and white at all stages. The transcript accumulation of GhANS was negligible in green and white cotton fiber at both stages. Correlating these findings with the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway revealed that GhANR and its substrate GhANS are crucial for the synthesis of proanthocyanidins, which is a brown pigment and transcripts of structural genes are directly proportional to the brown pigment. Likewise, GhF3Hand GhDFR were found to be important for the creation of green color in cotton. In conclusion, GhANS is strongly associated with brown color development and GhF3H and GhDFR are associated with green color development. Modulation in the transcript level of these genes could improve the pigmentation of brown and green cotton fibers.
Influence of Alstonia Angustiloba Tree Water Uptake on Slope Stability: A Case Study at the Unsaturated Slope, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Zaini Muhammad Syamsul Imran , Hasan Muzamir , Zolkepli Muhammad Farhan
Published: November 2022

This study examines the effects of tree water uptake at different depths and distances on the improvement of induced water uptakes in soil owing to transpiration. This study is performed to examine the tree water uptake profile in a vegetated slope with the existence of Alstonia Angustiloba mature tree at the top and the permanence of the slope during various precipitation penetration events by which the data of the tree water uptake produced within this section of the slope is recorded and implemented to evaluate the factor of safety (FOS). Slope stability analysis is further conducted to explore how plant transpiration affects slope stability. The results portrayed that, higher tree water uptake lead to the greatest FOS of the slope up to 53% (from 2.17 to 4.57). The highest tree water uptake recorded was at the slope station with the existence of the Alstonia Angustiloba tree with a depth of 0.25 m and a distance of 1.1 m from the tree. The tree water uptake utilized in this study can contribute to a carbon-free and eco-friendly approach which can be implemented globally to prevent slope catastrophe.
Hooked Embracing Plate for Rolando Fracture Fixation: A Preliminary Result
Authors: Tsai Yueh-Ju , Yeh Jui-Po , Lin Tsen-Hung , Lin Tsan-Shiun , Hsieh Ching-Hua
Published: November 2022

Background
Rolando fracture is a comminuted, intra-articular fracture over the metacarpal bone base of the thumb which often leads to joint instability and requirement of surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiological and functional outcomes of Rolando fracture following surgical fixation with a hooked embracing plate designed for Rolando fracture.
Method
We retrospectively reviewed a consequence of patients between 2018 to 2022 with Rolando fracture who received open reduction internal fixation with hooked embracing plates. Primary endpoints were the quality of radiologic reduction after the operation and peri-operative complications. Secondary outcomes were bone union, pinch and grip strength, palmar abduction, opposition and radiographic osteoarthritis over the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint.
Results
A total of 5 patients were included. All patients had good quality of radiological reduction without peri-operative complications. The opposition, abduction, pinch and grip strength were nearly full-recovered for all patients with fine bone unions after 3 months follow-up.
Conclusion
The hooked embracing plate is a good and safe option for surgical fixation in patients with Rolando fracture. Compared with traditional method such as lag screw or mini-plate fixation, the hooked embracing plate could provide rigid fixation with fine radiologic and functional outcomes with early mobilization.