bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Water Based Mud Using Solanum Tuberosum Formulated Biopolymer and Application of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting Mud Rheological Properties
Authors: Tomiwa Oguntade , Oluwatosin Rotimi , Temiloluwa Ojo , Oluwasanmi Olabode , Joy Idaka
Published: July 2019

Drilling fluids are the most important materials in drilling operations, therefore improving the properties of these fluids are very essential in order to meet up with the increase in demands and required standards. In this experimental study, Solanum tuberosum formulated biopolymer was used to improve the water based mud rheological properties and artificial neural network predicted data for (PV) plastic viscosity, (AP) apparent viscosity and (YP) yield point. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to train the rheological properties of the formulated mud and the network developed predicted the rheological properties of an untrained combination of bentonite and modified biopolymer. The main target is to regenerate or predict the rheological properties of the formulated mud; (AP) apparent viscosity, (YP) yield point and (PV) plastic viscosity generated originally from experimental procedures but this time using the ANN. The mean average error target was set to around 5-10%. As a model for choosing the best ANN architecture for predicting target value, two statistical parameters, mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) were utilized. A system with the lower estimations of MSE and the higher estimations of R2 gives more precise forecasts. Three different network were created and the two statistical parameters were used to determine the best number of neurons in the hidden layer. The developed neural network with best prediction has Root Mean Square Error (MSE) of 1.25221 and overall correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99373 for the predicted plastic viscosity, yield point and apparent viscosity
Predictive Models on Viable Options for Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG Distribution: Case for a Small and Medium Scale Enterprise SME Commodity in Nigeria
Authors: Neeka Jacob B. , Ikoku Uche , Iyalla Ere , Joel Ogbonna , Ikiensikimama Sunday
Published: July 2019

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), a product of natural gas processing is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases mainly propane, butane, butylene and impurities such as Sulphur compounds. The production of LPG depends largely on available natural gas. Fortunately, Nigeria has proven gas reserves of over 189.27 Trillion Cubit Feet (TCF). However, LPG production in the country and its distribution especially in an emerging economy appeared to have limited growth over the last three decades. In this study, a stochastic model is applied to secondary historical and predictive data from 1994 – 2020, essentially on the production, consumption and streamline distribution pattern for the country. Certain assumptions were made including changes in the various stages in the production value chains (production, storage, distribution, pipeline infrastructure, and supply chains in-country.). Linear regression and correlation approaches were adopted using the models which agreed favorably with the plots from established data. It indicated that LPG consumption increases rapidly from 2016 upward following increases in infrastructural surplus, investment and awareness enlightenment initiatives. The results obtained indicated a strong correlation between demand-supply bond driven by market forces in the urban and suburban cities in-country. These indicators are reliable parameters for sustainable strategic planning, policy development and implementation for rapid economic recovery.
Production Optimization of Liquid Loading Problem in Offshore Niger Delta Gas Condensate Field
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Bashir , Sulaiman A. D. , Abdulkadir Usman , Salaudeen Ibraheem , Shehu Bashir Umar
Published: July 2019

In a natural gas field development plan, determining the life of the field and deciding the best-optimized production strategy as well as meeting the economic viability are the most important considerations to sustain gas production. Development optimization can increase the net present value by maximizing the hydrocarbon recovery and reducing the operating cost. Optimizing gas condensate bearing reservoirs below dew point exhibit complexities due to the hydrocarbon condensation and many times, an in-situ oil phase may result to reduce gas well productivity. Liquid loading can be a serious problem in gas-bearing condensate wells near the end of their production life. As the pressure in the drainage area is depleted below the dew point, the condensate will start to build up and the gas velocity in the production tubing falls below the critical rate resulting in inadequate energy to lift the entire condensate hydrocarbon out of the wellbore. The condensate liquid migrates down the tubing and accumulates at the bottom of the completion, increasing the bottom hole flowing pressure, thereby, reducing the production rate. Liquid loading phenomenon can be encountered in low productivity gas condensate wells. Preventive actions need to be considered for predicting and monitoring of liquid loading issue before it becomes a serious problem in production system form a reservoir to the surface facilities. This study focuses on optimizing gas production strategy in a field development plan of gas condensate well. Sensitivity analysis was implemented on the Bara well-1 through optimizing the operating parameters such as tubing sizes, wellhead pressures, skin factors, condensate gas ratio, water gas ratio and surface chokes sizes by using Niger-Delta field data and PROSPER dynamic simulator in order to select best well model construction that promote high gas deliverability and low condensate production. The reservoir GIIP has been estimated to 370 Bscf from both geological and dynamic simulation models. From the dynamic nodal analysis result, 5.5in tubing size promotes the highest optimum gas rate and low erosional velocity based on the investigated operating conditions.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Well Screening and Production Optimisation in Oredo Oilfields, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Akanji Lateef T. , Dala Joshua , Bello Kelani , Olalekan Olafuyi , Jadhawar Prashant
Published: July 2019

An enhanced neuro-fuzzy technique is deployed in production optimisation and fluid flow analysis for wells drilled and completed in Oredo oilfields Niger delta Nigeria. The impact of historical production data, reservoir rock and fluid properties, well geometry, architecture, completion profile and surface data on overall well deliverability is incorporated in the model. The artificial intelligence training process is complete at the point a minimum quantifiable error is obtained or when a value less than the set tolerance limit is reached. Production data obtained from the short and long-strings for wells completed in Oredo field was processed, analysed and input into the enhanced neuro-fuzzy algorithm. The adopted enhanced neuro-fuzzy system is capable of modelling the direct approach of Mamdani and that of Sugeno in a five-layer feed-forward neural network and fuzzy logic process designed and implemented in a C/C++ numerical computation objected oriented platform. This study highlights the significance of data analytics and artificial intelligence in well performance prediction and cost reduction and optimisation in oil producing wells.
Modelling historical variability of phosphorus and organic carbon fluxes to the Mackenzie River, Canada
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Prowse Terry D. , Tso Lois
Published: July 2019

This study provides an improved statistical modelling framework for understanding historical variability and trends in water constituent fluxes in subarctic western Canada. We evaluated total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes for the Hay, Liard and Peel tributaries of the Mackenzie River. The TP and DOC concentrations primarily exhibit chemodynamic relationships with discharge, with the exception of the chemostatic relationship between DOC and discharge for the Hay River. With this understanding, we explored a number of enhancements in the load estimation model that included the use of (i) linear regression and logarithmic models, (ii) air-temperature as an alternate input variable and (iii) quantile mapping for bias-correction. Further, we evaluated uncertainties in the simulation of fluxes and trends by using a bootstrapping method. The modelled TP and DOC fluxes show considerable seasonal and interannual variability that generally follow the runoff dynamics. The annual and seasonal trends are mostly small and insignificant, with the largest significant increases occurring in the winter months. These trends are amplified compared with discharge, suggesting the possibility of pronounced changes with large changes in discharge. Additionally, the results provide evidence that directly using limited water constituent samples for trend analysis can be problematic.
A vida como aposta política:
Authors: Vieiras Rosinei Ronconi , Tristão Martha
Published: July 2019

A problematização da Educação Ambiental, da constituição de “si” e a própria vida objetificada com seus assujeitamentos atravessam a proposta de discussão trazida pelo texto. Lançando mão das problematizações empreendidas por Michel Foucault a respeito da importância de pensar nossa própria constituição e a capacidade de mudar o que se pensa e o que se faz, o artigo procura ressignificar a noção de “cuidado de si” a partir do aforismo estóico “altere o valor da moeda” articulando com a necessidade de se repensar determinados valores socioambientais. Considera urgente potencializar a Educação Ambiental com uma guinada ético-política que se configure em novas subjetividades capazes de engendrar um mundo comum.
Como criar uma paisagem em ruínas? Deslocamentos, desconstruções e a insistência de pensar a Educação Ambiental no Antropoceno
Authors: Sampaio Shaula Maíra Vicentini de
Published: July 2019

Este ensaio é sobre o processo de criar ruínas – por meio do radical estranhamento com relação a discursos que nos são caros, familiares e confortáveis – e passar a [gostar de] habitá-las. As ruínas criadas são o resultado de deslocamentos e desconstruções que efetuados por estudos afinados com perspectivas teóricas pós-estruturalistas. A proposta consiste em favorecer a invenção de outras paisagens em Educação Ambiental, nas quais não nos sintamos tão seguros, mas que talvez por isso mesmo sejam instigantes e desafiadoras por permitirem uma sensação de desorientação e desfamiliarização. A Educação Ambiental é constituída e marcada por verdades e certezas, tanto provindas do campo da educação quanto do que poderíamos chamar de “metanarrativas ambientais” – as verdades ambientais que nos interpelam. A fim de imprimir rasuras e instalar fissuras nessas metanarrativas, foram focalizadas provocações, ideias explosivas, vindas de dois “lugares” diferentes: a desconstrução dos conceitos de meio ambiente e natureza feita por Bruno Latour e colaboradores; e as mordazes críticas aos discursos ambientalistas feitas em um vídeo pelo filósofo Slavoj Žižek. A partir dessa insólita combinação, acredita-se ter provocado alguns desmoronamentos, algumas rachaduras, produzindo, quiçá, espaços vazios que venham a ser ocupados de formas inventivas pelos educadores ambientais.
Silentium est aurum: The relationship between silence and sound in film as illustrated by films Le Samourai (1967) Goya’s Ghosts (2006), The Artist (2011) i Acts of Vengeance (2017)
Authors: Novakovic Monika
Published: July 2019

Silence in film and understanding of silence in the seventh art poses many
questions. The results of the analysis of these four films gave their unique
answers to the said questions. The unique relationship of silence and sound
was considered, and the reason for dedicating equal attention to both ends of
this important spectre was to reach better understanding of the films that
served as case studies, as well as to understand message or messages that
were given to the viewers in conjuction with the action on screen (or lack
thereof). Special attention was also given to several elements that, I
believe, play vital part in understanding the usage of silence in film, such
as: character?s behaviour and body language as well as his appearance, his
relationship with other characters, and, maybe most important, the reason why
director chose to build specific sound world around the particular character.
Jef Costello (Le Samourai), as a character, is defined by his cold exterior,
few words and little to no dialogue he exchanges with other characters -
silence is inherent to him as a person. Goya?s Ghosts is the perfect example
of the biopic that can be built around one specific information from a
person?s biography. Of course, I?m speaking of Goya?s loss of hearing which
was illustrated in the film via his relationship with other characters and
also via the fact that, like Costello, he expresses himself using body
language, except it is for entirely different reasons. In the third case
study, George Valentin is a character whose profession is silence and who
refuses to give it up for the sake of new technological advancement in films
- sound, the sole enemy to his professional survival (the very film The
Artist is a silent movie depicting this golden era of film history). Last
case study provides an insight into the nature of vow of silence, especially
in stoic sense of the word. Namely, character Frank Valera takes a vow of
silence until he avenges his family and the basis for his vow is the book
Meditations which Marcus Aurelius wrote. Equipped with the appropriate
theoretical apparatus, these four ?views? on silence show how silence can be
understood and presented in diverse ways. Directors may use it to reach
better effectiveness of the film they direct and that fact has been,
ultimately, manifested through four unique types of silence: 1) silence as
the absence of dialogue and as dominant ?sound landscape? of the film, filled
with ambient sounds and, therefore, realistic (Le Samourai), 2) loss of
auditory world and entrance into the embrace of silence (Goya?s Ghosts), 3)
genre-specific silence (The Artist) and 4) stoic silence (Acts of Vengeance).
Divertículo de Kommerell: rara etiologia de disfagia
Authors: Pessuti Fernando , Fontes Cristina Asvolinsque Pantaleão
Published: July 2019

Angiotomografia computadorizada (AngioTC) de tórax que evidenciou presença de dilatação cônica na origem da artéria subclávia direita aberrante (divertículo de Kommerell), além de trombo mural (Figuras 1 e 2).
Postmortem Degradation of Desmin and Dystrophin in Breast Muscles from Capons and Cockerels
Authors: Wojtysiak Dorota , Calik Jolanta , Krawczyk Józefa , Wojciechowska-Puchałka Joanna , Obrzut Joanna , Nahajło Karolina
Published: July 2019

In recent years, consumers have increasingly sought niche food products with specific aroma and flavour, and rich in nutrients. With a growing demand for quality poultry products, there is an opportunity to increase production of capons, which are more and more often marketed as high quality products, because their meat is more delicate, tender and juicy. Therefore the objective of this study was to compare meat quality parameters and rate of protein degradation between capon and cockerel breast muscle during postmortem aging. Fibre type diameter, intact desmin and dystrophin contents at 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h postmortem and the following technological parameters of breast meat were also determined: pH15, pH24, pH48, drip loss, shear force. The study was carried out on hybrids between Rhode Island Red cockerels (R-11) and Yellowleg Partridge hens (Ż-33) aged 24 weeks. The current findings indicate that compared with cockerel breast muscles, the capon breast muscles had significantly higher pH15 (P≤0.01), and lower drip loss (P≤0.01) and shear force values (P≤0.05). Additionally, the intensity of intact desmin and dystrophin in capon breast samples at 24 h and 48 h postmortem was significantly lower (P≤0.05) than that in the cockerel breast sample. In turn, the lower rate of desmin and dystrophin degradation (P≤0.05), along with higher drip loss in cockerel compared to capon breast muscles, may account for their lower muscle fibre diameters at 24 h and 48 h postmortem. Moreover, the rate of early postmortem pH decline can partly explain the variation of desmin and dystrophin degradation.
Pain in the cervico-facial pathology: elements of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic principles
Authors: Cobzeanu Bogdan Mihail , Palade Dragos Octavian , Rosu Andrei , Vonica Patricia Sonia , Martu Cristian , Radulescu Luminita , Rusu Daniela Carmen , Cobzeanu Luiza Maria , Cobzeanu Mihail Dan
Published: July 2019

The authors conduct a review of the etiopathogenesis, the main diagnostic methods and the treatment principles in cervico-facial pain. Pain in otorhinolaryngology is a multifactorial symptom, based on the rich innervation and vascularisation of the cephalic extremity. Pain can be of central or peripheral origin, acute and chronic. With the diversification of methods for exploring pain-generating lesions, different treatment protocols could also be achieved.
The association of absolute eosinophil count, serum immunoglobulin E and spirometry with co-morbid bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Vijayan Neelima , Karthikeyan Padmanabhan , Venkataramanujam Nirmal Coumare , Kaipuzha Ramiya Ramachandran , Pulimoottil Davis Thomas
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE. This study aimed to analyse the association of absolute eosinophil count (AEC), serum IgE and spirometry with co-morbid bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. This study involved 50 patients with signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis who underwent a clinical examination and various tests, including spirometry, and were followed up regularly. Patients found to have bronchial asthma or nasal polyposis were treated accordingly.

RESULTS. The study found the prevalence of bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis to be 58% and that the severity of bronchial asthma was reduced significantly, with lesser acute attacks and reduced hospitalizations with the effective treatment of allergic rhinitis (p=0.064).

CONCLUSION. This study showed that elevated AEC and serum IgE were significantly associated with co-existing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma and increased the chance of co-existence of these two pathologies. Spirometry is a useful tool for observing the response to treatment.
Langfristige Medialisierungsprozesse im Wintersport. Theoretische Perspektiven und empirische Spuren.
Authors: Hagenah Jörg , Meier Henk Herik
Published: July 2019

Der mediale Wandel stellt viele Sportarten vor die Herausforderung, wie sich künftig mediale Präsenz erreichen lässt. Umso erstaunlicher ist der mediale Erfolg der Wintersportarten im öffentlich-rechtlichen Fernsehen. Daher fragt die vorliegende Untersuchung, wie die Wintersportarten die öffentlich-rechtlichen Fernsehtage erobert haben. Um die langfristigen Medialisierungsprozesse im Wintersport zu analysieren, wird zunächst das System des Mediensports beschrieben. Auf dieser Basis wird das Konzept einer Sport-Medien-Spirale skizziert. Anschließend wird für einen Zeitraum von zwanzig Jahren nachvollzogen, wie sich medial angestoßene Veränderungen im Wintersport in der medialen Präsentation des TV-Angebots und in der Reichweite beim Publikum niedergeschlagen haben. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen das Konzept einer Sport-Medien-Spirale. Der Wintersport ist erfolgreich medialisiert worden, während sich Fernsehen und Sportrezeption „wintersportisiert“ haben. Detaillierte Untersuchungen über den Wintersport hinaus sind notwendig.
EVALUASI TPA RASAU JAYA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
Authors: Siska Natalia , Fitrianingsih Yulisa , Fitria Laili
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKEvaluasi terhadap pengelolaan sampah dibutuhkan sebagai masukan mengenai hal-hal yang perlu diperbaiki agar terlaksana pengelolaan sampah yang berwawasan lingkungan. Hal ini menjadi semakin penting untuk direalisasikan karena adanya UU No. 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Kegiatan pembuangan sampah akhir di suatu lahan TPA pada umumnya mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Agar kualitas lingkungan tetap terjaga dan dampak yang timbul dapat diminimalisir, maka lahan TPA harus berada di lokasi yang tepat kemudian dirancang, dibangun, serta dioperasikan sesuai fungsinya. Permasalahan muncul sebagai akibat dari ketersediaan lahan yang terbatas dan kondisi lingkungan yang tidak memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia tentang pemilihan lokasi TPA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis lokasi TPA Rasau Jaya berdasarkan SK SNI 03-3241-1994 serta mengevaluasi kelayakan lokasi TPA Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kapasitas lahan TPA dapat menampung jumlah timbunan sampah Kabupaten Kubu Raya dari daerah terlayani (4 kecamatan dari 9 kecamatan) dalam kurun waktu 9 tahun kedepan terhitung mulai dari tahun 2015 hingga 2023 dengan tingkat pelayanan eksisting 30 % tanpa ada penambahan tingkat pelayanan hingga 2023, dan dapat menampung sampah 5 tahun ke depan dengan asumsi tingkat pelayanan 50% sesuai dengan Memorandum Program Sanitasi Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Evaluasi kelayakan lokasi TPA Rasau Jaya yang mengacu pada SK SNI 03-3241-1994 adalah layak dipertimbangkan.Kata Kunci :Sampah, Kelayakan TPA, SK SNI 03-3241-1994
UJI TOKSISITAS LIMBAH CAIR TAHU TERHADAP KUTU AIR TAWAR (DAPHNIA MAGNA)
Authors: Wulandari0 Annisa , Fitria Laili
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKLimbah cair industri tahu yang dibuang ke badan air penerima tanpa pengolahan merupakan salah satu sumber pencemar di perairan yang menyebabkan kematian biota akuatik sehingga perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas akut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai LC50 limbah cair dari industri tahu yang terdapat di Kota Pontianak. Uji toksisitas akut dilakukan dengan metode statis dalam waktu 48 jam menggunakan hewan uji kutu air tawar (Daphnia magna). Konsentrasi           rata-rata parameter limbah cair dari industri tahu yang didapatkan yaitu BOD sebesar 532,46 mg/L, COD 1870,20 mg/L, TSS 747 mg/L, amonia 432,50 mg/L, pH 5,58 dan suhu 32 oC. Nilai parameter limbah cair tahu tersebut melewati baku mutu KEP/MENLH/ No.5 Tahun 2014 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah bagi Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan Pengolahan Kedelai dan KEP/MENLH/ No.3 Tahun 2010 2010 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah bagi Kawasan Industri. Nilai LC50 rata-rata dari limbah cair tahu sebesar 3,56%. Peningkatan nilai BOD, COD, TSS, amonia dan pH akan menyebabkan peningkatan mortalitas hewan uji..Kata Kunci : LC50-48 jam, toksisitas, limbah cair tahu, kutu air tawar (Daphnia magna)
KAJIAN ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN LAYANG PADA SUNGAI JAWI KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Zul Pratomo Dicky Reno , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Fitria Laili
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKSungai Jawi merupakan salah satu saluran primer yang ada di Kota Pontianak. Aliran Sungai Jawi berada di Kecamatan Pontianak Barat, Sungai Jawi berfungsi tidak hanya untuk menampung dan mengalirkan limpasan air hujan, tetapi juga untuk menampung dan mengalirkan air limbah domestik dan menyediakan air bagi kebutuhan rumah tangga. Kondisi Sungai Jawi akhir-akhir ini semakin memburuk, air permukaan Sungai Jawi semakin keruh, dan terjadi pendangkalan di beberapa tempat terutama tempat-tempat yang memiliki aktivitas seperti di depan Pasar Dahlia dan di pertemuan saluran dari RS Antonius dengan Sungai Jawi, dan limbah hasil buangan yang berupa limbah cair yang mengandung lumpur ini akan terbawa aliran sungai yang seiring perubahan waktu, perjalanan aliran yang membawa lumpur (sedimen) ini akan masuk ke Sungai Jawi dan bermuara di Sungai Kapuas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kadar sedimen layang (suspended load) di Sungai Jawi Kota Pontianak serta mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi pola angkutan sedimen di  Sungai Jawi yang dipengaruhi pasang surut. Metode pengambilan sampe­­l­­ air menggunaan grab sampling sedangkan pemeriksaan sampel air dilakukan pada 3 titik pengambilan pada titik pengambilan sampel. Berdasarkan pengukuran elevasi muka air di muara Sungai Jawi selama 3 hari disimpulkan bahwa Sungai Jawi memiliki periode 1 kali dan 1 kali surut dalam 24 jam yang tergolong tipe pasang surut harian tunggal (diurnal tide). Konsentrasi sedimen tertinggi pada titik 1 sebesar 50 mg/l dimana titik 1 merupakan titik yang terdekat dengan muara sehingga terjadi akumulasi sedimen. Laju sedimen layang  tertinggi terletak pada titik 2 segmen tengah dengan nilai laju sedimen layang (suspended load) sebesar 173,02 ton/ hari atau 63.152,54 ton/tahun. Laju sedimen terendah pada titik 3 segmen kanan dengan laju sedimen layang 8,67  ton/ hari atau 3.163,45 ton/tahun. Rata–rata laju sedimen layang di setiap titik 50,74 ton/ hari atau 18.519,49 ton/tahun.Kata Kunci : Sungai Jawi, pasang surut , sedimen layang, TSS.
Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Ampas Kopi Sebagai Adsorben Kadmium Pada Air Sumur (The Usage of Coffee Waste Actived Charcoal as Adsorbent of Cadmium in Well Water)
Authors: Moelyaningrum Anita Dewi
Published: July 2019

Logam berat masih banyak ditemukan mencemari lingkungan. Cadmium adalah logam berat yang bisa ditemukan didalam air disekitar tempat pembuangan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis arang aktif ampas kopi dalam menurunkan kadar Cd dalam air. Metode penelitian ini adalah true eksperimental dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Tahap pertama adalah pembuatan arang kemudian diaktivasi dengan HCl. Hasil Uji kualitas arang aktif ampas kopi meliputi rendemen (98,5%), kadar air (7%), kadar abu (4%) dan daya serap idoin (687,96 mg/g). Terdapat empat kelompok yaitu tanpa perlakuan 0 gr/l (P0), perlakuan dengan 5 gr/ l (P1), 8 gr/l (P2) dan 10g/l (P3),  dimana masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 6 replikasi. Kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dikontakkan dengan arang aktif ampas kopi selama 2 jam. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa kadar Cd dalam air dengan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian dilakukan uji normalitas kemudian dilakukan uji one way anova menggunakan SPSS. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan sebesar 0,000 dengan interval kepercayaan 95% antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Arang aktif ampas kopi  secara significant dapat mengikat kadar cadmium dalam air. Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is still polluted the environment. It can be found in the wells around the landfill. This study aimed to analyze the active charcoal coffee ground to adsorb the cadmium in the water. This research method is the true experimental design with Completely Randomized Design. The first stage is making charcoal and then activated with HCl. There are four groups 0 gram/littre (P0), perlakuan dengan 5 gram/littre (P1), 8 gram/littre (P2) dan 10 gram/littre (P3) with each group consisting of 6 replication. Treatement group contacted with active charcoal coffee around 2 hours. Results of research normality test later conducted ANOVA test. The test results informed that there is 0,000 difference significanly with 95% confidence intervals. The active charcoal coffee had significant to adsorb cadmium in the water.
Peranan Kelekatan Aman Pada Ayah Dan Ibu Terhadap Penyesuaian Diri Santriwati
Authors: Muzdalifah Risnida , Anward Hemy Heryati , Rachmah Dwi Nur
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to find out whether there was a role of secure attachment to father and mother towards self-adjustment. The subjects in this study were 60 people, which were selected using a cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected using psychological scales including a scale of secure attachment to father, a scale of secure attachment to mother and a scale of self-adjustment. These scales used Likert-Scale model and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) there was a role of secure attachment to mother towards self-adjustment in female students as indicated by the value of t count > t table (2.319 > 2.002); (2) there was a role of secure attachment to father towards self-adjustment in female students as indicated by the value of t count > t table (2.319 > 2.002); (3) there was no difference between the secure attachment to father and the secure attachment to mother towards the self-adjustment in female students as indicated by F count > F table (7.330 > 3.159). Based on these results, it can be seen that the effective contribution of the secure attachment to father and mother towards the self-adjustment was 20.5%, while the remaining 79.5% was contributed by other factors.
Exploring factors that motivate and influence medical students to attend medical school
Authors:   Faculty of Education, The University of Auckland, New Zealand, Stowers Tari , Lyndon Mataroria P. ,   Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Counties Manukau District Health Board, New Zealand, Henning Marcus A. ,   Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Auckland, New Zealand, Hill Andrew G. ,   Counties Manukau District Health Board, New Zealand; South Auckland Clinical Campus, The University of Auckland, New Zealand, Webber Melinda ,   Te Puna Wānanga/School of Māori and Indigenous Education, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Published: July 2019

Introduction: This study explored motivation among a cohort of New Zealand medical students from The University of Auckland. The research questions were: 1) What motivates students to attend medical school? 2) What are the values, beliefs or cultural practices that influence students’ decisions to go to medical school? 3) How do students’ families influence their decisions to go to medical school? Methods: Twenty medical students from The University of Auckland in Years Two and Five of a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) degree participated in semi-structured focus group interviews. Two cohorts of medical students were involved, Māori and Pacific Admission Scheme students (MAPAS), and non-MAPAS students. An interpretive methodology was used, and data analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: This study found both MAPAS and non-MAPAS students have intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to attend and continue medical school. However, the non-MAPAS students had more individualised motivations to study medicine whereas the MAPAS students were more motivated by collectivism. Family and cultural customs influenced MAPAS students’ motivation to study medicine. Non-MAPAS students were influenced by positive school experiences. Common to both cohorts was the significant influence of family. Non-MAPAS students specified family members’ professions and educational support as influencing factors. In contrast, MAPAS students identified being motivated to study medicine to improve the financial and health situations of their families. Conclusion: All students have different motivations for attending medical school which is influenced by their culture and environment. Culture encompasses the individual and their family, inclusive of ethnicity, beliefs, values and behaviours. Family plays a crucial role in motivating and influencing students to pursue medicine.
Molecular Modeling Study of 2-Substituted Isoindoline Derivatives of a-Amino Acids as Inhibitors of Lipoxygenase by Docking Simulations
Authors: Mancilla Percino Teresa , Correa Basurto José , Alavés Carbajal Karla S. , Valle-Sandoval Nagchielli , Trujillo Ferrara José
Published: July 2019

In this work two series of isoindolines 1(a-g) and 2(a-g) were evaluated as possible inhibitors of lipoxygenase (LOX) by docking studies, as well as for the antiinflammatories isoindolilamides 3-5 and ibuprofen 6, as part of a theoretical study to found dual LOX/ COX inhibitory activities. Therefore, dihydrodimethylbenzofurane 7, licofelone 8 and darbufelone 9 were also evaluated, which are wellknown as dual LOX/COX inhibitors and consequently, in this work they were used to identify their binding sites on the LOX and compared with those obtained from 1(a-g), 2(a-g) and 3 to 6 under study. Analysis of the results showed that all compounds under study could inhibit to the LOX, since they are binding in the same or close to the region as the compounds 7-9 taken as references. Several interactions of heteroatom of all compounds with the amino acid residues of binding sites of LOX were determined. The DG values were obtained for all the complexes (LOX-compound), among all the complexes, LOX-8 (-12.76 kcal/mol) resulted to be the most stable; and from the compounds under study, LOX-1f (-8.97 kcal/mol) resulted to be more stable than the other compounds tested. Whereas, theoretical dissociation constant values Kd (mM) were obtained. Among all compounds, 8 (0.000433 mM) showed more affinity to LOX; while from compounds under study, 1f (0.266 mM) exhibited more affinity to LOX. These results also show that compounds 1(a-g) and 2(a-g), and 3-6 could have a dual LOX/COX/ inhibition, as have been shown for 7-9 and from their similar docking study within the COX-1 and COX-2 previously reported.
Isocordoin Derivatives From the Root Extract of Lonchocarpus xuul
Authors: Yam-Puc Alejandro , Peña-Rodríguez Luis M.
Published: July 2019

Two natural isocordoin derivatives, dihydroisocordoin (1) and flemistrictin B (2), were isolated from the root extract of Lonchocarpus xuul. Both metabolites were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic data and by comparing them with those reported in the literature.
Secondary Metabolites from Heliotropium angiospermum
Authors: Erosa-Rejón Gilda , Peña-Rodríguez Luis M. , Sterner Olov
Published: July 2019

Blumenol A (1), blumenol B (2) and loliolide (3), together with the ubiquitous β-sitosterol, α-amyrin and β-amyrin, were isolated from the organic extract of the leaves of Heliotropium angiospermum. Structural elucidation of the metabolites was carried out by analysis of their spectroscopic data and/or by comparison with those reported in the literature
Substituted Pyridopyrimidinones. Part 3. Synthesis of Some Novel Ether Derivatives of 4H-Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one
Authors: Abass Mohamed , M. Ismail Mostafa , Abdel-Monem Wafaa R. , S. Mayas Aisha
Published: July 2019

A series of novel bis-heterocyclic ethers, containing 4Hpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one along with other five and six-membered heterocyclic rings, was obtained utilizing ethyl [(4-oxo-4Hpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]acetate (1), [(4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2a]pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]acetic acid (2) and/or [(4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2a]pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]acetohydrazide (3). Reaction of ester 1 with some ortho-hydroxy-aldehydes furnished the corresponding pyridopyrimidyloxypyrones. Reaction of ester 1 or acid 2 with 1,2-diamines led to some imidazoles. Also, some pyrazole, triazole, and oxadiazoline derivatives have been prepared from hydrazide 3.
Evaluation of Some Plant-derived Secondary Metabolites Against Sensitive and Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Camacho-Corona María del Rayo , Favela-Hernández Juan Manuel de Jesús , González-Santiago Omar , Garza-González Elvira , Molina-Salinas Gloria María , Said-Fernández Salvador , Delgado Guillermo , Luna-Herrera Julieta
Published: July 2019

The results on the bioevaluation of thirty five plant-derived secondary metabolites against one sensitive and three multidrugresistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are reported. Results toward the sensitive strain showed that five products gave MIC values of 12.5 µg/mL: the alkaloids 6-methoxydihydrochelerytrine (2) and 6-methoxy-dihydrochelirubine (6), the flavanone pinostrobin (17), 1-hydroxy-benzoisochromanquinone (23) and 23-hydroxy-5a-lanosta7,9(11),24-triene-3-one (33). These were followed by the peracetylstrictosidine lactam (12) and the quinone aloe-emodin (24) which displayed MICs of 6.25 µg/mL. Finally, liriodenine (8) was the most active (MIC: 3.125 µg/mL) of all secondary metabolites. Results with the multidrug-resistant clinical isolates showed that 6-methoxy-dihydrochelirubine (6) was the most active (MIC: 12.5 µg/mL).
A New Method to prepare an e,e,e Trisadduct of C60 Using a ProtectionDeprotection Sequence
Authors: Duarte-Ruiz Álvaro , Echegoyen Luis , Aya Adriana , Gómez-Baquero Fernando
Published: July 2019

A racemic mixture of the e,e,e Bingel-trisadduct, tris[di(ethoxycarbonyl)methano][60]fullerene 3 was synthesized by malonate additions (Bingel reaction) following by retro Diels-Alder reactions using a C60 tris-e,e,e adduct of anthracene 1 as precursor. Using this approach, the anthracenes act as protective groups and help orient the new additions so that poly-adducts with particular geometries are obtained. From the e,e,e anthracene-trisadduct 1 we also obtained the mono[di(ethoxycarbonyl)methano][60]fullerene 6 and bis [di(ethoxycarbonyl)methano][60]fullerene 7. This approach exhibits a total yield of 4,2 % for the e,e,e tris malonate adduct, gives rise to less complex reaction mixtures and makes it easier to separate and characterize the compounds than other methods. The compounds obtained where characterized by UV/VIS, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and MALDI-TOF.
Sesquiterpene Lactones, Acyl Phenyl Propanoids and Other Constituents from Schkuhria pinnata var. wislizeni. Antioxidant Evaluation
Authors: León Alejandra , M. Reyes Blanca , Chávez María Isabel , A. Toscano Rubén , Delgado Guillermo
Published: July 2019

Chemical investigation of aerial parts of Schkuhria pinnata var wislizeni (Asteraceae) allowed the characterization of the sesquiterpene lactones 1, 2 and 5, the flavonoids 3 and 4, and the acyl phenyl propanoids 10 and 11. Structure 2, named dischkuhriolin, was confirmed as a Diels Alder adduct of 1 as dienophile and a guaianolide as diene. Spectroscopic analysis of 5 and its diacetyl derivative allowed the structural correction of compounds previously reported from Schkuhria. 2, 10 and 11 are new natural compounds. Biological assays indicated that the mixture 10 + 11 showed antioxidant activity expressed as inhibition of AAPH-induced damage in rat pancreatic homogenate.
A Debt Repaid. Ernest L. Eliel’s Life Made Possible by Five Years in Latin America
Authors: I. Seeman Jeffrey
Published: July 2019

A review is presented of Ernest L. Eliel’s contributions and dedication to chemists and chemistry in Latin American, in general, and México, in particular. During his long and productive career as a successful academic (and member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences), Eliel taught many students from Latin America. During an equally long and productive ‘extra-curricular’ professional career, Eliel was Chairman of the Board of the American Chemical Society (ACS), president of the ACS, and chair as well as a member of a number of ACS committees dealing with international activities. It was through those associations as well as through his scientific achievements that he was able to have great influence and positive effect on the chemistry in developing countries, in general, and in México, in particular.
Calculation of the Density and Detonation Properties of C, H, N, O and F Compounds: Use in the Design and Synthesis of New Energetic Materials
Authors: Willer Rodney L.
Published: July 2019

The estimation of the density and detonation properties of C, H, N, O, F explosives is discussed. A simple computer program, “Energy”, first developed at the Naval Weapons Center-China Lake in the early 1980’s is presented in an updated form. This program allows the rapid calculation of the estimated properties of both known and hypothetical energetic materials. A review of the use of this program in the synthesis of new energetic materials is given.
Preparation and supporting on solid phase of chiral auxiliary (S)-4-(4hydroxybenzyl)oxazolidin-2-one from L-tyrosinol assisted by Microwaves
Authors: Cruz Adriana , Rivero Ignacio A.
Published: July 2019

An oxazolidinone chiral auxiliary, (S)-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 4 was prepared in 23-80 % yield from L-tyrosinol using different methodologies. In solution, compound 4 was protected with a benzyl group on the phenolic hydroxyl 5a, which allowed the optimization of the solid phase synthesis of 5b-5d. Chiral auxiliaries 5a and 5b reacted in solution with an α,β-unsaturated system to give (S)-4-(4-(benzyloxy)benzyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 6a. By contrast, in solid phase the same reaction afforded 6b. Both reactions were carried out under microwave activation. New compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Allylic Proton-Proton Coupling in Stereodefined Alkylidenecyclobutanes and Alkylidenecycopentanes
Authors: F. Bailey William , V. Ovaska Timo
Published: July 2019

Analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of eight stereodefined alkylidenecycloalkanes allows determination of the magnitude of allylic coupling in these compounds. In contrast to the trend normally observed, the magnitude of transoid-allylic coupling was found to be invariably greater by ~0.5 Hz than the cisoid-allylic coupling. The larger transoid-allylic coupling may be attributed to the slightly smaller dihedral angle relating allylic =C–C–H plane with the C=C–C plane in the E-isomers.
Carbene Spin Multiplicity in Solution Probed Using Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Jin , V. Lebedeva Natalia , S. Platz Matthew , E. Forbes Malcolm D.
Published: July 2019

Time-resolved (CW) EPR spectroscopy at X-band has been used to detect free radicals created by H-atom abstraction reactions of photochemically generated carbenes in n-hexadecane solutions at room temperature. Three different carbenes were studied, formed via loss of nitrogen after photo-excitation of a substituted biphenyl diazo precursor. The TREPR signals from two different alkyl radicals and the benzylic-type radical from the carbene are detected for two of the three diazo substrates. The radicals were unambiguously identified by spectral simulation using literature parameters (g-factors and hyperfine coupling constants). Previous transient optical absorption spectroscopy experiments have concluded that these two carbenes have triplet ground states, which is confirmed by the low field emissive, high field absorptive phase of the TREPR signals reported here. The spectra are strongly spin polarized by the Radical Pair Mechanism of CIDEP, and their overall intensities track with the measured quantum yields for carbene production. A third substrate, known to react via a concerted Wolff reaction or excited state rearrangement via a singlet state, showed no TREPR signal, as expected. Reactions run in acetonitrile, where the spin multiplicity is reversed to give a singlet ground state, did not lead to detectable TREPR signals for all three substrates. The observations are consistent with previously published laser flash photolysis results.
Rapid and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of the Trace Amount of Thallium (III) in Water and Urine Samples by New Oxidative Coupling Reaction
Authors: Nagaraja Padmarajaiah , Saeed Al-Tayar Naef Ghllab , Shivakumar Anantharaman , Kumar Shresta Ashwinee , K. Gowda Avinash
Published: July 2019

A very simple, sensitive and fairly selective direct spectrophotometric method is presented for the rapid determination of thallium(III) at trace level. The method is based on the oxidation of 2-hydrazono-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole hydrochloride (MBTH) by thallium(III) in phosphoric acid medium to form a diazoniumcation, which couples immediately with 10,11-dihydro-5Hdibenzo[b,f]azepine (IDB) at room temperature giving a blue colored species having a maximum absorption at 660 nm. The reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were optimized.The calibration curve was found to be linear over the range of 0.1-4 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of 4.5 × 104 L mol- cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.00454 μg cm-2. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection have been found to be 0.58% and 0.0147 μg/mL respectively. Almost all common anions and cations are found notto interfering in matrix level of the analytical process. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of thallium(III) in synthetic standard mixtures, water and human urine samples. The performance of proposed method was evaluated in terms of student’s t-test and variance ratio F-test, to find out the significance of proposed method over the reported methods.
Crown Ether Ditopic Receptors for Ammonium Salts with High Affinity for Amino Acid Ester Salts
Authors: Rosete-Luna Sharon , Medrano Felipe , Bernal-Uruchurtu Margarita I. , Godoy-Alcántar Carolina
Published: July 2019

Two bis crown ether receptors were synthesized and tested as host molecules for protonated forms of alkyl amines and amino acid esters. Molecular recognition studies were conducted in CH2Cl2:MeOH (92:8) by spectrophotometric UV/Vis titrations andby spectrometric 1H NMR titrations in CDCl3. The calculated binding constants are in the range 102-105 M-1. A high affinity for L-amino acid methyl ester derivatives was found. A theoretical study at the DFT level of the synthesized receptor and some analog ligands with three different ammonium ions helps to rationalize the experimentally found trends.
Chemical Constituents of Psacalium sinuatum
Authors: Arciniegas Amira , Pérez-Castorena Ana L. , Nieto-Camacho Antonio , Villaseñor José Luis , Romo de Vivar Alfonso
Published: July 2019

A chemical study of Psacalium sinuatum afforded the furanoeremophilane decompostine, the modified eremophilanes: cacalol, cacalol acetate, dehydrocacalol, maturinin, cacalohastin, dehydrocacalohastin, adenostin B, cacalone-epi-cacalone mixture, dimaturin, adenostylide, radulifolin F, and epi-radulifolin F, in addition to hyperin, sucrose and a mixture of sitosterol-stigmasterol. Extracts and isolated compounds were tested for anti-inflammmatory activity. The hexanic extract of root showed a dose dependent activity (IC50 0.20 mg/ear).
The Cosmochemical Record of Carbonaceous Meteorites: An Evolutionary Story
Authors: Pizzarello Sandra
Published: July 2019

This account traces a lecture given to El Colegio Nacional last March during a Conference “On the origin of life on the Earth” organized to celebrate Darwin’s Bicentennial. It reports on the extraterrestrial organic materials found in carbon-containing meteorites, their composition, likely origin and possible prebiotic contribution to early terrestrial environments. Overall, this abiotic chemistry displaysstructures as diverse as kerogen-like macromolecules and simpler soluble compounds, such as amino acids, amines and polyols, and show an isotopic composition that verifies their extraterrestrial origin and lineage to cosmochemical synthetic regimes. Some meteoritic compounds have identical counterpart in the biosphere and encourage the proposal that their exogenous delivery to the early Earth might havefostered molecular evolution. Particularly suggestive in this regard are the unique l-asymmetry of a number of amino acids in some meteorites as well as the rich and almost exclusively water-soluble compositions discovered for other meteorite types.
Conductivity and Activation Energy in Polymers Synthesized by Plasmas of Thiophene
Authors: Olayo Ma. Guadalupe , Cruz Guillermo J. , López Salvador , Morales Juan , Olayo Roberto
Published: July 2019

The electric conductivity, activation energy and morphology of polythiophene synthesized by radiofrequency resistive plasmas are studied in this work. The continuous collisions of particles in the plasma induce the polymerization of thiophene but also break some of the monomer molecules producing complex polymers with thiophene rings and aliphatic hydrocarbon segments. These multidirectional chemical reactions are more marked at longer reaction times in which the morphology of the polymers evolved from smooth surfaces, at low exposure time, to spherical particles with diameter in the 300-1000 nm interval. Between both morphologies, some bubbles are formed on the surface. The intrinsic conductivity of plasma polymers of thiophene synthesized in this way varied in the range of 10-10 to 10-8 S/m; however, the conductivity resulted very sensitive to the water content in the polymers, which produced variations of up to 5 magnitude orders. The activation energy of the intrinsic conductivity was between 0.56 and 1.41 eV, increasing with the reaction time.
 
Plasma, Polymerization, Polythiophene, Conductivity, Activation Energy