bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Bearing Strength of Sandy Loam Soil Compressed Earth Block Bricks Using Sugercane Bagasse Ash
Authors: Salim Ramadhan , Ndambuki Julius , Adedokun David
Published: June 2014

The need for affordable and sustainable alternative construction materials to cement in developing countries cannot be underemphasized. Compressed Earth Bricks have gained acceptability as an affordable and sustainable construction material. There is however a need to boost its bearing capacity. Previous research show that Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a soil stabilizer has yielded positive results. However, there is limited research on its effect on the mechanical property of Compressed Earth Brick. This current research investigated the effect of adding 3%, 5%, 8% and 10% Sugarcane Bagasse Ash on the compressive strength of compressed earth brick. The result showed improvement in its compressive strength by 65% with the addition of 10% Sugarcane Bagasse Ash.
Economic Growth and Climate Change: A Cross-National Analysis of Territorial and Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions in High-Income Countries
Authors: Knight Kyle , Schor Juliet
Published: June 2014

An important question in the literature on climate change and sustainability is the relation between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions. While the “green growth” paradigm dominates in the policy arena, a growing number of scholars in wealthy countries are questioning the feasibility of achieving required emissions reductions with continued economic growth. This paper explores the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions over the period 1991–2008 with a balanced data set of 29 high-income countries. We present a variety of models, with particular attention to the difference between territorial emissions and consumption-based (or carbon footprint) emissions, which include the impact of international trade. The effect of economic growth is greater for consumption-based emissions than territorial emissions. We also find that over this period there is some evidence of decoupling between economic growth and territorial emissions, but no evidence of decoupling for consumption-based emissions.
Drivers and Consequences of the First Jatropha curcas Plantations in Mexico
Authors: Valdés Rodríguez Ofelia , Vázquez Arturo , Muñoz Gamboa Caupolicán
Published: June 2014

Jatropha curcas has received great attention and national support by Mexican authorities interested in promoting cash crops to alleviate poverty and rural crises. Thus, several states have implemented programs to sponsor its cultivation and research. This paper analyzes the policies generated by the Mexican government to promote the establishment of Jatropha plantations for biofuel purposes. The supporting schemes, the state-of-the-art national research and the environmental implications of establishing this new crop were reviewed to assess their impact on small-scale producers that participated in these programs. Scientific research on native germplasm indicates the existence of great diversity in Mexico, including non-toxic ecotypes, from which highly productive varieties are being developed. However, when the plantation programs started, producers were not technically or economically prepared to face the risks associated with this new crop, nor was there a good internal supply-chain. Consequently, some programs have been abandoned and the low productivity and income generated by the plantations have not satisfied producer expectations. Thus, there is a need to review the national strategy to support this crop and to develop a well-structured biofuel market in the country for the success of Jatropha plantations in Mexico.
Riding the Hype: The Role of State-Owned Enterprise Elite Actors in the Promotion of Jatropha in Indonesia
Authors: Simandjuntak Deasy
Published: June 2014

Within a few years following its ambitious promotion in 2006, the development of jatropha in Indonesia came to a halt. Claimed as a potential solution to problems in energy and poverty, the introduction of jatropha in Indonesia’s energy policy had been triggered by the high oil prices in 2005. While studies by biofuel scholars have generally focused on what brought the end of the “miracle crop” hype by underlining various technical problems and the absence of market structure as the cause of its failure, few have examined jatropha as part of a policy-making trajectory, which began with, and was influenced by, the development narratives disseminated by individual actors. This article sheds light on the role of elite actors in the making of biofuel energy policy in Indonesia. Taking the case of the promotion of jatropha in 2005–2007, the article illustrates the role of the director of Indonesia’s leading sugar state-owned enterprise (SOE), Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (RNI), whose decision in promoting jatropha became influential in forwarding its narratives into the national energy and development policy in 2006. In order to discover why a specific elite actor decided to promote jatropha, the article relies on data, including the SOE’s documents and interviews with key actor(s). The analysis is conducted using an actor-oriented approach, which underlines the discrepancy between the ideals and the operational practice of developmental goals.
Microcystins Alter Chemotactic Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans by Selectively Targeting the AWA Sensory Neuron
Authors: Moore Caroline , Lein Pamela , Puschner Birgit
Published: June 2014

Harmful algal blooms expose humans and animals to microcystins (MCs) through contaminated drinking water. While hepatotoxicity following acute exposure to MCs is well documented, neurotoxicity after sub-lethal exposure is poorly understood. We developed a novel statistical approach using a generalized linear model and the quasibinomial family to analyze neurotoxic effects in adult Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to MC-LR or MC-LF for 24 h. Selective effects of toxin exposure on AWA versus AWC sensory neuron function were determined using a chemotaxis assay. With a non-monotonic response MCs altered AWA but not AWC function, and MC-LF was more potent than MC-LR. To probe a potential role for protein phosphatases (PPs) in MC neurotoxicity, we evaluated the chemotactic response in worms exposed to the PP1 inhibitor tautomycin or the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid for 24 h. Okadaic acid impaired both AWA and AWC function, while tautomycin had no effect on function of either neuronal cell type at the concentrations tested. These findings suggest that MCs alter the AWA neuron at concentrations that do not cause AWC toxicity via mechanisms other than PP inhibition.
Improvement in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Bladder Fibrosis Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation into the Bladder Wall
Authors: Lee Hong Jun , An Jin , Doo Seung Whan , Kim Jae Heon , Choi Sung Sik , Lee Sang-Rae , Park Seung Won , Song Yun Seob , Kim Seung U.
Published: June 2014

Experiments on spinal cord injury (SCI) have largely focused on the transplantation of stem cells into injured spinal cords for motor recovery while neglecting to investigate bladder dysfunction. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of B10 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) directly transplanted into the bladder wall of SCI rats and to determine whether they are capable of inhibiting collagen deposition and improving cystometric parameters in SCI rats. Forty 6-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups (group 1: control, group 2: sham operated, group 3: SCI, group 4: SCI rats that received B10 cells). B10 cells were labeled with fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Four weeks after the onset of SCI, MNP-labeled B10 cells were injected to the bladder wall. Serial magnetic resonance (MR) images were taken immediately after MNP-B10 injection and at 4 weeks posttransplantation. Voiding function was assessed at 4 weeks posttransplantation, and the bladder was harvested. Improvements in bladder fibrosis and bladder function were monitored by molecular MR imaging. Transplantation of B10 cells into the SCI rats markedly reduced their weights and collagen deposition. MR images showed a clear hypointense signal induced by the MNP-labeled B10 cells at 4 weeks posttransplantation. Transplanted B10 cells were found to differentiate into smooth muscle cells. The intercontraction interval decreased, and the maximal voiding pressure increased after SCI but recovered after B10 cell transplantation. Survival of B10 cells was found at 4 weeks posttransplantation using anti-human mitochondria antibody staining and MR imaging. The transplanted B10 cells inhibited bladder fibrosis and ameliorated bladder dysfunction in the rat SCI model. MSC-based cell transplantation may be a novel therapeutic strategy for bladder dysfunction in patients with SCI.
Differential effects of lactobacilli on activation and maturation of mouse dendritic cells
Authors: Elawadli I. , Brisbin J.T. , Mallard B.A. , Griffiths M.W. , Corredig M. , Sharif S.
Published: June 2014

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of interest because of their potential to modulate immune responses. The effects of LAB range from regulation to stimulation of the immune system. A series of studies were performed in vitro to study the effects of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus helveticus LH-2, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, La-115, La-116 and La-14, and Lactobacillus salivarius, on maturation and activation of mouse dendritic cells. Production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-?, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 by dendritic cells (DCs) was determined after treating cells with live LAB. The expression of DC maturation markers, CD80 and CD40, was also measured using flow cytometry after stimulation with LAB. In addition, the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 9 by DCs stimulated with LAB was measured. Our results revealed that LAB act differentially on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and induction of co-stimulatory molecules by DCs. Specifically, L. salivarius was found to be the most effective LAB to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Moreover, La-14, La-116 and La-5 induced moderate maturation and activation of DCs. On the other hand, LH-2 and La-115 were the least effective lactobacilli to induce DC responses. The present study also revealed that L. salivarius was able to induce the expression of TLR2, 4 and 9 by DCs. In conclusion, various strains and species of LAB can differentially regulate DC activation and maturation, providing further evidence that these bacteria may have the ability to influence and steer immune responses in vivo.
Analysis ofFusarium toxins in grain via dust: a promising field of application for rapid test systems
Authors: Reichel M. , Staiger S. , Biselli S.
Published: June 2014

On site, mycotoxin measurements shall enable rapid decisions on the acceptance or rejection of lots. Hence, results have to be available fast, easy to get and, first of all, reliable. An innovative approach using dust samples was tested for its fitness for on-site mycotoxin analyses of grain lots and compared to current practice in grain testing. To prove correlation between mycotoxin concentrations in dust and respective concentrations in grain, regression analyses were performed. To obtain data points, dust was sieved from grain and both samples were analysed. As the contamination of the overall sample and its dust particles correlated well (wheat:R2
DON
=0.85,R2
ZEA
=0.82; rye:R2
DON
=0.73), contaminations in the grain were predictable from concentrations determined in respective dust particles. For on-site analysis, common lateral flow devices (LFD) were evaluated for their suitability to detect deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain dusts. On site, grain and dust samples were taken during the unloading of trucks using a customised dust-sampler. In contrast to grain samples, no additional physical sample preparation or homogenisation step was needed for dust. Instead, the sample was directly extracted and analysed for DON using LFD. By means of the regression line DON concentrations in grain were predicted from dust results and compared to concentrations directly measured in grain samples. No false negative results were observed and a contaminated grain lot (<1000 ?g/ kg DON) could be clearly identified. Evidence for reduced measurement uncertainty compared to current practice at lower total measurement costs was given. In this way, the fitness for purpose of the new approach combining rapid analyses with dust sampling for on-site mycotoxin screening was shown. The innovative high-throughput technology has the potential to improve on-site mycotoxin measurements in terms of speed, sensitivity, manageability and reliability and thus is a promising tool for enhanced industrial self-control.
Introducción. En el 150º aniversario de la Cruz Roja: nuevas cuestiones y enfoques en la historia del humanitarismo de guerra
Authors: Arrizabalaga Jon
Published: June 2014

No disponible
Los orígenes de la Sociedad de la Cruz Roja Británica y las políticas y prácticas del socorro en guerra (1870-1906)
Authors: Gill Rebecca
Published: June 2014

Este artículo rastrea la historia de la British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (NAS) y sus intervenciones en las guerras europeas y coloniales de finales del siglo XIX. La NAS se fundó con el estallido de la Guerra Franco-Prusiana en agosto de 1870. Acabó convirtiéndose en uno de los miembros fundadores más importantes de la Sociedad de la Cruz Roja Británica (BRCS) cuando se estableció en 1905. El propósito del artículo es mostrar las peculiares inquietudes y aspiraciones que contribuyeron a la fundación de la NAS. Demuestra cómo estas preocupaciones –muchas de ellas asociadas al status de los militares británicos– condicionaron sus prácticas subsiguientes y sus relaciones con el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja. Al rastrear el surgimiento de la NAS como un cuerpo paramilitar experto en urgencias médicas de respuesta rápida, este artículo pone de manifiesto la rivalidad que caracterizó los intentos dentro de la NAS y de la BRCS por atribuirse el “verdadero espíritu” de la ayuda voluntaria en la guerra –una rivalidad que propició la insistencia británica en revisar la Convención de Ginebra en 1906.
La melancolía en la obra de Pedro Gatell, cirujano y marino ilustrado
Authors: Peset Jose Luis
Published: June 2014

La melancolía es una emoción de moda desde el Renacimiento hasta hoy, también en la Ilustración la razón se vio acompañada de fuertes sentimientos que anunciaban el Romanticismo. Personaje destacado en este terreno es Pedro Gatell, cirujano naval e infatigable escritor. En sus novelas y textos morales muestra las principales novedades que surgen en la vivencia melancólica y en su comprensión.
El significado de “parálisis general del demente” en Victoria, Australia; 1886-1906
Authors: Roberts Phillip
Published: June 2014

En este trabajo presenta una conclusión sobre el significado de la “parálisis general de los locos” como diagnóstico en los informes del Victorian Registrar General durante el siglo XIX. La mayoría de los estudios sugieren que en el pasado el diagnóstico se refiere a la neuro-sífilis, y aunque después de 1906 no se discute, este trabajo mostrará que el diagnóstico tiene un significado mucho más amplio e incorpora muchas formas de enfermedad degenerativa del cerebro durante el período de estudio (Victoria 1886 a 1906). Se reconoce, sin embargo, que el uso de este diagnóstico puede haber variado drásticamente en el pasado dependiendo de la formación y del ambiente médico. Se ha llegado a esta conclusión mediante el análisis de los registros hospitalarios de la población de Victoria, Australia. Este documento también presenta métodos para determinar el significado de los diagnósticos médicos obsoletos cuya definición es confusa.
La dictadura militar en la historia oficial del psicoanálisis chileno: sobre la construcción de un pathos discursivo
Authors: Radiszcz Esteban , Sabrovsky Mara , Vetö Silvana
Published: June 2014

A partir del análisis de una controversia suscitada en los preparativos del Congreso de la Asociación Psicoanalítica Internacional, realizado en Santiago de Chile en julio de 1999, este artículo intenta trazar los modos en los que la dictadura militar de Pinochet aparece en el corpus de textos con vocación histórica producidos en el seno de la Asociación Psicoanalítica Chilena. Se revela, así, la construcción de un pathos discursivo, caracterizado por la negación, la búsqueda apresurada del consenso y el eufemismo, que sin embargo no sólo nace de los fantasmas de la única sociedad psicoanalítica local de la época, sino que se alimenta de las políticas institucionales implementadas por la asociación internacional a partir del nazismo y por la retórica de la reconciliación elaborada en Chile desde la recuperación de la democracia.
La investigación histórica y el debate actual sobre la salud masculina: el caso de Alemania
Authors: Dinges Martin
Published: June 2014

El discurso actual sobre la salud masculina remite con demasiada insistencia a una imagen obsoleta y monolítica de la masculinidad contrastando de manera simplista el colectivo “hombres” con el de las “mujeres”. Sin embargo, el análisis histórico hace muy evidentes los notables cambios que se han producido en la salud de los hombres, tanto en lo que se refiere a sus actitudes como a sus comportamientos, desde la revolución industrial; así, por ejemplo, se ha transformado no solamente la vida profesional y el mundo del trabajo, sino también la relación entre la masculinidad y el comportamiento de riesgo a lo largo de la vida y, asimismo, la evaluación médica de ciertos comportamientos de alto riesgo como fumar. Las diferencias en la esperanza de vida entre hombres y mujeres merecen una explicación más precisa y menos simplista. Desde una perspectiva histórica de longue-durée, también es un mito que los hombres guarden silencio en asuntos de salud.
Surveillance and Monitoring of White-Tailed Deer for Chronic Wasting Disease in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Evans Tyler S. , Schuler Krysten L. , Walter W. David
Published: June 2014

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease that affects both wild and captive cervid populations. In the past 45 y, CWD has spread from northern Colorado to all bordering states, as well as the midwestern United States (Midwest) and northeastern United States (Northeast), Canada, and South Korea. Because CWD is a relatively new issue for wildlife management agencies in the Northeast, we surveyed a representative (e.g., cervid biologist, wildlife veterinarian) from 14 states to gain a better understanding of state-specific surveillance measures. Between 2002 and 2012, New York (37,093) and Pennsylvania (35,324) tested the greatest number of harvested white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in the Northeast. Additionally, the 14 states surveyed have tested 121,730 harvested deer, or approximately 15,216/y, since CWD was first detected in 2005. The most common tissues used by agencies in the Northeast for testing were retropharyngeal lymph nodes, which have been determined to be the most reliable in detecting CWD in cervids. Understanding CWD surveillance efforts at a regional scale can help to provide guidance for the development of new surveillance plans or the improvement of existing ones. Furthermore, collaborations among state and regional agencies in the Northeast may attempt to identify deficiencies in surveillance by state or subregion.
Architecture Design of Multisystem Satellite Navigation Signal Simulator Base on Software
Authors: Shu Zhan , Chen Rong
Published: June 2014

Compared to conventional navigation signal simulators, software simulator has many advantages, which include flexible design, easy extending, strong openness, and low cost. With the development of satellite navigation, satellite navigation system is getting more and more complicated. Based on the analysis for satellite navigation signal model in different modulation methods of multisystem, it is very urgent to establish a unified description method, which can reduce duplication writing of algorithm. firstly, description method for multisystem satellite navigation signal simulator is proposed. Secondly, it can describe different systems of satellite navigation signals and provide estimation method for signal transmission delay time and Doppler frequency shift. Finally, the signal of simulation is validated.
The Study on the System Dynamics Characteristics of Automatic Variable Transmission
Authors: Liu Yong Hui , Wang Hui Jun , Qiu Xu Yun , Du Ying Ling
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a new automatic variable transmission (AVT) is studied. This AVT is made up of two parts, which include the metal belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) and gear transmission. And the CVT mode is used in the low speed and the gear transmission is used in the high speed. The software of simulationX is used to build a simulation model for the AVT vehicle, and the system dynamics characteristics of AVT are studied via this model. Compared to the CVT vehicle in terms of the maximum speed, the accelerate time and fuel consumption, the AVT vehicle develops the advantage of CVT in the low load and improves the weakness of low power in the high load. The results of this paper show that the AVT vehicle has good dynamics performance at the whole work area, which can advance the transmission efficiency and improve the fuel economy of the vehicle.
Angle Measurement of Robotic Fish Based on Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhao Zi Yi , Hong Zhi Hu , Deng Yan Song
Published: June 2014

In water polo competition of robotic fish, due to the influence of factors like ripple disturbance, target point drift and image acquisition delay, the angle between robotic fish and water polo that competition platform return has great error. To improve the shortage, this article put forward an optimal angle estimation algorithm based on Kalman filter. Let the angle go through Kalman filter to eliminate error interference in process and measurement. So that output angle approach truth value. Results of experiment prove that this method can effectively get the better angle between robotic fish and water polo.
Study on Control Algorithm in Servo System of Servo Aimable Warhead
Authors: Mi Shuang Shan , Teng Xi , Shao Yi
Published: June 2014

In order to understand control algorithm in servo system of servo aimable warhead present situation and the research emphasis, improve the competency of damage targets, its future research direction are put forward base on the summary of current research situation. For studying servo system control algorithm and improving the competency of servo aimable warhead has important guiding significance.
Pole Placement for Time-Delay Systems with Low-Order Controllers a Parameter Space Approach
Authors: Wang De Jin , Fan Yi Jun , Shi Wan Qi
Published: June 2014

This paper discusses the pole placement with low-order controllers, e.g., PID type controllers and phase lead/lag compensators, using parameter space approach. The damping ratio sector region and the relative stability region in s-plane, which form a trapezoid region in the left-half of s-plane, are mapped into the controller parameters space. Thus, the corresponding controller parameters can place all the closed-loop poles in a specified trapezoid region, and guarantee the performances of the closed-loop systems. The advantage of the proposed method is that it is simple and can be applied to time-delay systems. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the design.
The Framework Base on Bayesian Predictive Filtering Algorithm in VR/AR
Authors: Zhang Jian , Song Wan Juan
Published: June 2014

Tracking system is a vital aspect of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, the efficiency of tracking system is determined by the implementation of framework and the predictive filtering algorithm. As a result of the better applicability of Bayesian predictive filtering algorithm in simulation of non-linear system model, this paper proposes a framework for Bayesian predictive filter, which includes predictive filtering layer and denotation layer, and according to every layer’s function, analyses the implementation of framework. The optimal simulation count is worked out by the experiment. The results show that in the simulation of non-linear system model, this framework for Bayesian predictive filter can implement the tracking of simple motion and the orientation prediction.
A Design and Implementation of Video Monitoring System at Smart Home
Authors: Xu Heng , Fu Cheng Hua , Yang Yun Jin
Published: June 2014

The traditional real-time video surveillance system at smart home tends to occupy a lot of resource .In order to solve this kind of problem, a design of an infrared sensor to trigger video monitoring system is proposed in this paper .The system uses arm9-Linux as the platform ,and infrared sensor as the trigger device and uses the mpeg-4 algorithm to encode the video stream finally .The article mainly introduces how to build the hardware and software platform and tests the feasibility of the system.
Proof and Application of Complex Impedance of Inductor and Capacitor
Authors: Zhang Sheng Guo , Dang Xiao Ping
Published: June 2014

This paper aims at proving the complex impedance of the inductor and capacitor elements and applying the proved complex impedance concept to directly obtain the transfer function model of the complicated circuit network. Based on Laplace Transformation method, the complex impedances of the inductor and capacitor elements are proved. Using the proved complex impedances and the equivalent complex impedances in series and in parallel, both the transfer functions of the passive and active circuit networks are modeled. This facilitates the transfer function modeling of the complicated circuit network very much.
Study on Simplified Model for PV System Based on Functional Equivalence
Authors: Guo Dong , Liu Xing Jie
Published: June 2014

The model of the photovoltaic power generation system is complex, and it requires multiple iterations in calculation, which is not available for simulation analysis and calculation when a large number of PV systems connected to the grid. This paper presents a simplified model for PV system based on functional equivalence. DC part consisting of PV array and MPPT controller is simplified into a maximum output model; and inverter with its control strategy, of which the function is to achieve decoupling control of active and reactive power, are simplified to controlled voltage source with control module. Last, simulation tests are conducted based on Matlab/Simulink platform. The results show that the simplified model can not only ensure accuracy, but also improve the simulation efficiency, which is of a good practical value.
Package Design of High Power IGBT Module for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Peng , Liu Xian Zheng , Bao Hai Long , Li Jin Yuan , Liu Wen Guang , Han Rong Gang
Published: June 2014

IGBT is the important component of electric vehicle. According to the characteristics of IGBT module in electric vehicle, this article introduces the package design of a high power IGBT module. The feature of the scheme is analyzed from the aspects of power chip, substrate, power electrode, control electrode and epoxy resin layer. Experimental results of the sample show the design meets the qualification.
The Voltage Balance Control Strategy of the Sub-Module Capacitor in STATCOM
Authors: Wang Zhi Xia , Liu Jun , Xie Li Jun , Bao Hai Long , Li Jin Yuan , Guo Gao Peng
Published: June 2014

The capacitor voltage balance of the sub-module is the necessary condition for normal operation of the STATCOM. In this paper, the topology and mathematical model of the STATCOM are introduced briefly, the instantaneous power characteristic and capacitor voltage balance principle are studied in detailed, and the balance control algorithm for real project is put forward, in this algorithm, the modified reference wave is got by delay the phase modulation wave by 90°, rather than calculate the sine value of the PLL phase. So the algorithm in this paper can realize in sub-module in real project, the simulation result and real project validated its efficient.
Knock Detection and Evaluation of Kerosene Piston Engine
Authors: Zhang Pei Ze , Mao Jian Guo , Wang Han Quan , Liang Xun , Wang Shi Feng , Wei Te Te
Published: June 2014

In this paper, knock detection and analysis methods of the gasoline engine are applied to a modified kerosene engine. Two kinds of signals, the cylinder pressure signal and the vibration signal, are acquired by a pressure sensor mounted in a spark plug and an accelerometer mounted on the cylinder block separately. Due to the influence of noise, such as cam shocks, piston up-and-down motion, crank rotation and so on, the vibration signal should be processed to extract knock feature. Firstly, FFT, a frequency analysis approach, is used to determine the characteristic frequency range of knock. Then, combining the sampling frequency, the vibration signal is divided into different frequency sub-bands, and the characteristic sub-band of DWT, a time-frequency analysis method, is determined. After that, DWT is applied to extract knock feature from the vibration signal. At last, the knock energy evaluation index is used to judge knock intensity. The reference knock energy is chosen by the researchers, and it is not absolutely suitable for the engine operating condition, so intuitive cylinder pressure signal is applied to supplement for knock judgment.
A High Efficient and Robust Adaptive Coding and Modulation Algorithm for Ka Band Satellite Communications
Authors: Zheng Xiao Tian , Li Ji Lin , Wang Xin Rong
Published: June 2014

The Ka band for satellite communications is allocated from 27GHz to 40GHz and it is possible to realize the high speed data transmission in this 13GHz bandwidth. However, the attenuation especially the rain attenuation is tremendous for the Ka band. And we need to reserve about 4~8dB link budget to guarantee the typical link reliability 99.9% for the constant coding and modulation (CCM). In this paper, we propose a adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) algorithm that can dynamically change the modulation and code efficiency according to link condition. Based on this algorithm we only need reserve about 1dB to realize the 99.7% reliability. The simulation results show that we can derive more than triple throughout compare to CCM.
Multi-Task Assignment 0-1 Programming Model and Algorithm Based on the Improved Contract Net Protocol
Authors: Wang Hong , Luo Dan , Zhang Fan , Wang De Gang
Published: June 2014

For the problem of multi-task assignment based on the contract net protocol, this paper improved the traditional contract net protocol after analyzing its defects ,such as broad bidding scope and low efficiency etc. The research proposed a method of screening the bidders for each task by using distance matrix in task distribution ,employed the 0-1 programming model established to determine the successful bidders for each task in bidding process. Meanwhile, the study applied the auction mechanism to realize the dynamic assignment of multi-task, provided a concrete model algorithm and analyzed the performances of the algorithm proposed as well. The results show that the model algorithm effectively improves the overall performances of the task assignment system.
Network Security Management System Based on Digital China
Authors: Xu Wen Jie , Xu Fang Qin , Lu Hai Feng
Published: June 2014

With the popularity of the Internet, web applications have become an essential part of business development. At the same time, network security issues have become increasingly prominent, enterprises feel the convenience brought by the network, while they are also facing a variety of attacks and threats: leaks of confidential, loss of data, network abuse, identity theft, illegal invasion. At present, some enterprises have established the appropriate network security systems, but in actual use, because of the wrong use of various security tools, the phenomenon of system vulnerabilities, illegal software, viruses and malicious code intrusion causes the computer operating system can not reach the required level of standard safety levels.
Research and Application of ONVIF Protocol in IP Camera
Authors: Di Hong Wei , Luo Cong You , Cai Xiao Chun
Published: June 2014

Currently, the security industry taking the high definition network video surveillance as representation is developing rapidly,so the security device interface standard is becoming more and more important. This paper studies the security industry new standard interface ONVIF protocol, analyzes its systematic structure and work principle,discusses the interactional process of video server NVT and client NVC with ONVIF. The design scheme of IP camera based on ONVIF is presented. Finally, the instance of IP camera is given.
A New Method for Wax Precipitation Prediction of Waxy Oil Wells and Software Designing
Authors: Sun Ren Yuan , Wang Cheng Xiang , Xuan Ying Long , Xiong Qi Yong , Huang Ai Xian , Xia Zhao Hui , Ding Wei
Published: June 2014

Wax precipitation of oil production wells seriously influence the oil production. In order to improve the level of wax removal, it is necessary to predict the depth, thickness and period of wax precipitation in the wellbore with oil production. On the basis of the mechanism analysis for wax precipitation in the wellbore, the theoretical model and empirical model were built up and programmed wax precipitation of oil production wells software and the results by the two models were compared. The sensitive factors which influence wax precipitation in the wellbore were analyzed. The results show that the two models can be used to predict the wax thickness, depth and precipitation cycle. The empirical model for wax precipitation profile prediction is more accurate than the theoretical model. The wax precipitation varies with the productive time and water cut.
Analysis of Cloud Calculation and its Realization on Computers
Authors: Luo San Chuan , Zhou Shan
Published: June 2014

Cloud computing is a new Internet-based computer technology. This paper introduces the historical development of cloud computing in the narrow and broad senses. Various definitions of cloud computing are compared, and a generalized concept of cloud computing is put forward combining its features of virtualization, dynamic extensibility, deployment according to need, high flexibility, high reliability, and high cost efficiency. Following a summery of the seven forms of cloud computing technology, the present status and future trend of cloud computing technology are analyzed. The research and analysis provides a guide to the direction of computer network algorithms.
Study on the Construction and Property Maintenance Process of Residence Project Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Han Rui , Mo Wei , Jin Ri Xue
Published: June 2014

High quality residence is an important guarantee for improving the people's living standards. In order to adapt to the new situation, we have obligation to make residence construction tending to be high efficiency, low pollution, energy saving and more environmental protection. We plan to use the BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology to better control the construction cost, enhance the efficiency of property maintenance, this behavior conforms to the development strategy of energy-saving emission reduction and ecological architecture which advocated by the government. This study will do residence design collision detection; engineering building quantitative statistics; construction management and property maintenance in the whole building life cycle based on BIM technology. With the help of its strong function such as timely 3D display and collaborative network, we look forward to establish a new mode of residence construction and property management. So we could provide a more suitable living space for the occupants, optimize spatial pattern of urban and rural, optimize the management pattern, improve the city's overall carrying capacity. Through this study, we can also accumulated rich experience for the occupation education of architectural design.
Composition Study of Amorphous InxAs1-x Films Prepared by Radio-Frequency Sputtering
Authors: Yao Yan Ping , Bo Bao Xue
Published: June 2014

Amorphous InAs films are deposited on substrates of quartz glass by RF magnetron sputtering technique in different gas ambient. We present a systematic study of the affects of the sputtering parameters on the chemical composition. Amorphous InAs (a-InAs) films have been achieved at higher working pressure when the substrate temperature and RF power are increased respectively. The films composition is controlled by transport phenomena of sputtered atoms from the target to the substrate and by substrate surface dynamics. We study how to improve the sputtering parameters in order to obtain stoichiometric a-InAs films.
Vessel Anchor Dragging early Warning System Based on Cable Vibration Frequency Analysis
Authors: Wang Yong , Yuan Zhi Jiang , Xu Ming
Published: June 2014

Anchor dragging threatens vessel anchoring security directly, so how to find and predict anchor drgging is an important issue of navigation fields. Most existing judgement methods depend on distinguishing feature of dragging vessel from normal anchoring, so vessels usually have moved a certain distance when duty officers find anchor dragging. Thus it is necessary to develop a practical anchor dragging early warning techonology. Based on the special change of anchor cables. Vibration frequency while anchor dragging, a new anchor dragging early warning system (ADEWS) was designed. The system was composed of two main facilities: acceleration sensor and teminal unit. The acceleration sensor was fixed on anchor cables to monitor its vibration frequency, and the teminal unit in the bridge was designed to analyze change characteristic of frequency and release early warnning. For facilitis of this new ADEWS is simple, it is easy to be equipped on vessels. Furthermore, the system can automatically analyze vibration frequency and release early warning, so it has advantages of high feasibility and reliability. These advantages can lessen duty officers work burden and reduce the dependece on duty officers individual experience. Therefore, ADEWS based on Vibration frequency analysis possesses a good application prospect in practical engineering.
Lens Design of Low Light Level Night Vision Objective Optical System
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Chun Hong , Luo Yan Chun , Wang Ping
Published: June 2014

This paper discussed the working principle of the LLL night vision(low-light level night vision)device and researched into the LLL night vision objective opjective optical system.An LLL night vision objective optical system with good image quality is finally got,which comes after debugging with the optical design software ZEMAX according to the theoretical calculation of the objective lens parameters specific to night vision system.
Development on Virtual Experimental System of Hydraulic Transmission
Authors: Tang De Dong , Liu Yi , Min Zhao Wei , Zhang Ya Qi , Yan Chun Bao , Zhao Tong Bo
Published: June 2014

In order to meet the demand of hydraulic experiment teaching in universities, base on the analysis of the function of virtual hydraulic experimental system, the main research contents、 system scheme and key technology are determined. Three-dimensional model of the hydraulic components are established. Working principle of hydraulic component is displayed. The action process and the performance of the hydraulic circuit are simulated. A virtual hydraulic experimental system with its own characteristics is built. The virtual experiment system is not only suitable for classroom teaching but also suitable for the experimental teaching and learning activeness of students is enhanced by using the system.
A Coordination Control Method of Generator Out-of-Step Protection Based on WAMS Transient Stability Prediction
Authors: Huang Guo Lin , Zhang Yan Jun , Chen Zhao , Zhao Peng , Wang Qing , Liu Kai , He Xiao Yang , Gao Kai , Song Yun Ting , Ma Shi Ying , Xu Yan
Published: June 2014

The construction of ultra-high voltage grid and the input of large generating units make the out-of-step protection become increasingly important. Traditional out-of-step protection device can only judge from local perspective, no consideration to the global situation. In order to solve this problem, a coordination control method of generator out-of-step protection based on WAMS transient stability prediction is proposed, the coordination between grid side out-of-step protection and the generator out-of-step protection is achieved. Using the self-memory trajectory to predict the stability of grid, calculate excess energy of system based on EEAC theory, and utilize convexity-concavity of phase diagram method which is not affected by the change of network structure to judge the stability of system. Utilize double forecast strategy to improve the stability of the system further.
Information Management System of Smart Substation Electrical/Optical Cables Based on RFID Technology
Authors: Cheng Hai Qing , Qian Ping , Wu Meng Chu , Liu Jin Sheng
Published: June 2014

A kind new type of information management system of smart substation electrical /optical cables (hereinafter referred to as: cables) based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is proposed, because the current information management efficiency of substation cables is low and the error rate is high. The paper analyses and optimizes the composition and realization way of the information management system in the design, construction and inspection three aspects, to implement software read CAD drawings, software generates and optimizes the arrangement of cables and path planning. Engineering practice shows that the system has shortened statistical work, reduce the dosage of cables, reduce construction errors, and can offer intelligent, automation and dynamic management of the cables laying and acceptance in the substation construction and expansion.
The Regional Differences Analysis of Chinese Ports FDI in Theil Index
Authors: Tu Min , Wu Rong , Yu Shuo Quan
Published: June 2014

This paper analyzed the regional differences of FDI in Chinese ports between 1991-2011 by measurement methods based on the Theil index, concluded that the foreign direct investment differences in Chinese five largest port groups fluctuated greatly between 1991-2011. Among the port groups, the FDI regional differences of the southwest coastal port group was the largest, followed by the southeast coastal port group. Since 2008, the Theil index of the FDI of the Bohai sea port cluster had fluctuated significantly, which indicated that the recent foreign direct investment in Chinese ports began to move from the Pearl River Delta’s port group and the Yangtze River Delta’s port group to the Bohai sea port group.
Non-Uniformity Correction Algorithm Research Based on One FPGA Processor
Authors: Wu Qiang , Liu Han , Li Xu Wen
Published: June 2014

The two-point non-uniformity correction based on Least mean square (LMS) algorithm which was proposed by Suxia Xing need one FPGA processor, one DSP processor and four SRAM chips. This will increase the cost and volume of the whole infrared system. In the LMS algorithm, this paper improves the estimation of the ideal signal, so that it can reduce the influence of blind elements and improve the effect of non-uniformity correction. Besides, this paper realizes the two-point non-uniformity correction based on LMS algorithm with only one FPGA processor and two SRAM chips in the final, this will reduce the volume, weight, cost of the whole infrared system. Comparing with the two-point non-uniformity correction based on one FPGA processor, this paper did not need blackbody with uniform radiation in system. Above all, the method of this paper is useful and practical.
Design and Implementation of High Precision Online Thickness Gauge by Laser Displacement Sensor
Authors: He Ping , Wang Meng , Liu Chao , Li Ying
Published: June 2014

Steel rolling occupies a very important position in the iron and steel industry. The thickness of the steel plate is a crucial index of the quality, so the automatic detection system for high-precision thickness of the steel industry has a vital significance. The traditional thickness instruments have X-ray thickness gauge and ultrasonic thickness meter while the X-ray thickness gauge has radiation which is harmful to human body and ultrasonic thickness has a lower precision. For these shortcomings, a high precision thickness gauge by laser sensor was designed. Presented the differential measurement method based on laser displacement sensor. Then using TMS320F2812 as main control chip designed the hardware of the system. Finally, software programming was completed based on the hardware design. By experiment research, the results show that the laser thickness gauge has advantages of high precision and high reliability. It has a high practical value.
Design of 10.2299MHz Frequency Source Based on AD9854
Authors: Wang Guo Yong , Liu Ya , Li Xiao Hui , Wang Wen Li
Published: June 2014

To measure frequency stability of 10.23MHz signal, a 10.2299MHz frequency source based on AD9854 was developed. The performance of frequency source was tested using a phase noise and Allan deviation test set 5125A. According to the experiment results, the following conclusion can be drawn that the Allan deviation of the 10.2299MHz frequency signal is about 2.6E-14 at 1s when the 10MHz reference signal was generated by a frequency and phase offset generator HROG-10. The 10.2299MHz frequency source can be used as a common source in dual mixer time difference and as a reference signal in beat frequency method when measuring the frequency stability of 10.23MHz signal.
Magnetometers Correction and Magnetometers-Aided MINS Systems Based on LabWindows/CVI and MATLAB
Authors: Wang Long , Li Xing Cheng , Li Chuan Jun , Zhang Shuang Biao
Published: June 2014

Magnetometers-aided MINS could solve roll angle measurement of air vehicle at fast spinning rate, but magnetometers were easily disturbed and had measuring error, so it was necessary to establish tri-axial magnetometer correction system for magnetometers-aided MINS navigation system. Based on LabWindows/CVI and MATLAB fuzzy programming, earth magnetic field and ellipsoid fitting model were built to complete magnetometers correction system and its virtual instrument. On that basic, magnetometers-aided MINS navigation system and its virtual instrument were established. Results of correction and non-correction magnetometers-aided MINS navigation test showed that the magnetometers correction system can compensate the error of interference, measuring and so on, furthermore geomagnetic attitude computing become more accurate and the higher precision of position and velocity for magnetometers-aided MINS system. All of them are significant for engineering and products.
Research on the Networked and Smart Interface Standards for Underground Water Monitoring
Authors: Shi Yun , Feng Jian Hua , Yuan Ai Jun , Pang Li Li , Wei Guang Hua
Published: June 2014

The networked and smart interface standards have very important role for underground water monitoring system integration, dynamic information real time acquisition and sharing. Firstly this paper introduces several interface standards as IEEE 1451, and field of environmental monitoring in the popular serial data communication interface standard SDI-12 in the Europe and the United States, then summarize their architectures, main contents and application situation,and then analyze their advantages and questions existing in the standards respective. Introduction groundwater level, water temperature automatic monitoring and remote management system implementation method based on the SDI-12 standard form. Finally puts forward interface standards which could be applied to the underground water monitoring system.