bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll catabolites in the frass of the Small Tortoiseshell caterpillars (Aglais urticae L.)
Authors: Amarsanaa B , Boland W
Published: October 2014

Herbivorous insects excrete most of the consumed chlorophyll as partly degraded derivatives lacking the phytol side chain and the central magnesium ion. To study common degradation patterns of chlorophyll in plant-feeding insects, the frass of the Lepidopteran caterpillar, Aglais urticae was analysed for chlorophyll catabolites. The major metabolites were determined as pheohorbide a and pyropheophorbide a by using LC-MS, LC-SPE-NMR and UV. These compounds are not present in fresh leaves of the food plants (Urtica dioica). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.198 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p46-50
Synthesis and characterization of Taurine
Authors: Bayarmaa B , Otgonsuren D , Odonmajig P
Published: October 2014

Have been obtained 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) from ethanolamine, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite during the synthesis in laboratory condition. The process involves two steps of reactions, the first was esterification of ethanolamine with sulfuric acid to produce the intermediate product of 2-aminoethyl ester which than was extended to the second step by sulfonation with sodium sulfite to produce 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. Resulting product was analyzed using 1H-NMR, IR, FAB-MS analysis and examined purity characterizations of the synthesized products. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.200 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p57-60
Characterization of ash pond ashes from 3rd thermal power plant by SEM/EDX and XRD methods
Authors: Minjigmaa A , Zolzaya Ts , Bayanjargal E , Davaabal B , Temuujin J
Published: October 2014

Coal combustion by products from ash pond of 3rdthermal power plant of Ulaanbaatar city have been collected in 2010 and 2013 years. The ash samples have been characterized by XRD, XRF and SEM-EDX methods in order to evaluate their chemical and mineralogical composition changes with disposed times. The mineralogical composition of ash varies with time though the chemical composition of the ashes were close each other. Possibly, inefficient operating condition of the TPS shows influence on the mineralogical composition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.201Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p61-65
Immigració, unions mixtes i integració sociocultural: cap a una anàlisi complexa multimètode
Authors: Rodríguez García Dan , Solana Solana Miguel , Lubbers Miranda J. , De Miguel Luken Verónica
Published: October 2014

Des de principis de la darrera dècada, coincidint amb la important arribada d’immigració estrangera a Espanya, les unions mixtes o binacionals han augmentat considerablement. Malgrat això, encara se sap ben poc sobre l’abast, les dinàmiques internes, els significats i les conseqüències d’aquesta realitat. En aquest article presentem els avenços de dos projectes de recerca en curs on s’està intentant clarificar la relació entre unions/llars mixtes i integració/cohesió social, a partir de l’estudi d’unions mixtes i no mixtes de set col·lectius immigrats residents a Catalunya, aplicant una aproximació multimètode (quantitativa i qualitativa), que inclou la explotació de fonts estadístiques administratives i l’anàlisi de 94 xarxes personals/socials. Les dades que presentem aquí corresponen a l’anàlisi d’una de les fonts estadístiques més significatives (ENI) i a l’anàlisi descriptiva d’alguns casos de xarxes personals. Tot apunta a una relació entre «mixicitat» i integració multidireccional o segmentada, més complexa del que tradicionalment s’ha teoritzat.
Sultana, F. y Loftus, A. (2012). The right to water. Politics, governance and social struggles
Authors: Morote Seguido Álvaro Francisco
Published: October 2014

Sultana, F. y Loftus, A. (2012)The right to water. Politics, governance and social strugglesAbingdon, Oxon: Earthscan, 262 p.ISBN 978-1-84971-360-3
La nova «guerra de l’aigua» a Barcelona: austeritat, deute i participació privada
Authors: March Hug
Published: October 2014

En aquest article es presenten de manera detallada els episodis més recents de reconfiguració del cicle metropolità i regional de l’aigua a Barcelona: la licitació del subministrador en alta Aigües Ter-Llobregat i la creació de l’empresa mixta Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l’Aigua, SA. Aquests grans canvis s’emmarquen en unes polítiques d’austeritat i de privatitzacions legitimades pel deute creixent de l’Administració pública en un context de crisi econòmica. El deute acumulat per l’administració hídrica (Agència Catalana de l’Aigua) es pot entendre millor si es té en compte la reescalació de les polítiques mediambientals a Europa i una estructura de finançament insuficient del cicle de l’aigua en l’àmbit regional. Més enllà d’aquestes dues grans reconfiguracions, l’article presenta noves esferes del cicle de l’aigua que potencialment poden ser nínxols de mercat importants, com la gestió intel·ligent. Finalment es reflexiona críticament sobre quin impacte poden tenir aquests canvis per a la ciutadania i per al medi ambient.
Karvonen, Andrew (2011). Politics of Urban Runoff. Nature, Technology and the Sustainable City
Authors: Saurí i Pujol David
Published: October 2014

Karvonen, Andrew (2011)Politics of Urban Runoff. Nature, Technology and the Sustainable CityCambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 288 p.ISBN 978-0-262-51634-1
Volumetric Next-best-view Planning for 3D Object Reconstruction with Positioning Error
Authors: Vasquez-Gomez J. Irving , Sucar L. Enrique , Murrieta-Cid Rafael , Lopez-Damian Efrain
Published: October 2014

Three-dimensional (3D) object reconstruction is the process of building a 3D model of a real object. This task is performed by taking several scans of an object from different locations (views). Due to the limited field of view of the sensor and the object's self-occlusions, it is a difficult problem to solve. In addition, sensor positioning by robots is not perfect, making the actual view different from the expected one. We propose a next best view (NBV) algorithm that determines each view to reconstruct an arbitrary object. Furthermore, we propose a method to deal with the uncertainty in sensor positioning. The algorithm fulfills all the constraints of a reconstruction process, such as new information, positioning constraints, sensing constraints and registration constraints. Moreover, it improves the scan's quality and reduces the navigation distance. The algorithm is based on a search-based paradigm where a set of candidate views is generated and then each candidate view is evaluated to determine which one is the best. To deal with positioning uncertainty, we propose a second stage which re-evaluates the views according to their neighbours, such that the best view is that which is within a region of the good views. The results of simulation and comparisons with previous approaches are presented.
Richness Theory: From Value to Action1
Authors: Mikkelson Gregory M.
Published: October 2014

Richness theory offers a promising axiology. In this paper, I discuss how to translate it into a deontology. To do so, I recruit the concept of moral distance from a recently developed epistemology, and construe it in terms of causal power. Finally, I apply the resulting decision-theoretic framework to the question of how best to avert ecological disaster over the next 36 years and achieve ecological harmony over the next 986.
Sources, raisons et exigences
Authors: Guindon Bruno
Published: October 2014

Il existe de nombreuses sources d’exigences. Certaines exigences sont normatives dans la mesure où elles impliquent des affirmations concernant ce que nous avons raison de croire, faire, désirer, etc. À ce titre, les exigences morales sont parmi les meilleures candidates. Si la morale exige que l’on tienne notre promesse, il semble que nous avons une raison de la tenir. Cependant, ce ne sont pas toutes les exigences qui sont normatives en ce sens. Le catholicisme exige que l’on assiste à la messe chaque dimanche. Il ne s’ensuit pas pour autant que nous avons une raison d’y assister. Pourquoi cela? Pourquoi certaines exigences sont normatives en ce sens, mais pas d’autres? En vue de répondre à cette question, je défends la conception reasons-sensitive des exigences normatives, selon laquelle les exigences normatives sont celles et seulement celles qui sont sensibles aux raisons. Par contre, cette conception n’est pas la seule disponible. Selon ce que j’appelle la conception reasons-providing, les exigences normatives sont celles et seulement celles qui fournissent des raisons. Je soutiens que cette conception-ci est vulnérable à deux objections, ce qui nous donne raison de préférer la première.
Multi-species, multi-transcription factor binding highlights conserved control of tissue-specific biological pathways
Authors: Ballester Benoit , Medina-Rivera Alejandra , Schmidt Dominic , Gonzàlez-Porta Mar , Carlucci Matthew , Chen Xiaoting , Chessman Kyle , Faure Andre J , Funnell Alister PW , Goncalves Angela , Kutter Claudia , Lukk Margus , Menon Suraj , McLaren William M , Stefflova Klara , Watt Stephen , Weirauch Matthew T , Crossley Merlin , Marioni John C , Odom Duncan T , Flicek Paul , Wilson Michael D
Published: October 2014

As exome sequencing gives way to genome sequencing, the need to interpret the function of regulatory DNA becomes increasingly important. To test whether evolutionary conservation of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) gives insight into human gene regulation, we determined transcription factor (TF) binding locations of four liver-essential TFs in liver tissue from human, macaque, mouse, rat, and dog. Approximately, two thirds of the TF-bound regions fell into CRMs. Less than half of the human CRMs were found as a CRM in the orthologous region of a second species. Shared CRMs were associated with liver pathways and disease loci identified by genome-wide association studies. Recurrent rare human disease causing mutations at the promoters of several blood coagulation and lipid metabolism genes were also identified within CRMs shared in multiple species. This suggests that multi-species analyses of experimentally determined combinatorial TF binding will help identify genomic regions critical for tissue-specific gene control.
B4GAT1 is the priming enzyme for the LARGE-dependent functional glycosylation of α-dystroglycan
Authors: Praissman Jeremy L , Live David H , Wang Shuo , Ramiah Annapoorani , Chinoy Zoeisha S , Boons Geert-Jan , Moremen Kelley W , Wells Lance
Published: October 2014

Recent studies demonstrated that mutations in B3GNT1, an enzyme proposed to be involved in poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis, were causal for congenital muscular dystrophy with hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (secondary dystroglycanopathies). Since defects in the O-mannosylation protein glycosylation pathway are primarily responsible for dystroglycanopathies and with no established O-mannose initiated structures containing a β3 linked GlcNAc known, we biochemically interrogated this human enzyme. Here we report this enzyme is not a β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase with catalytic activity towards β-galactose but rather a β-1,4-glucuronyltransferase, designated B4GAT1, towards both α- and β-anomers of xylose. The dual-activity LARGE enzyme is capable of extending products of B4GAT1 and we provide experimental evidence that B4GAT1 is the priming enzyme for LARGE. Our results further define the functional O-mannosylated glycan structure and indicate that B4GAT1 is involved in the initiation of the LARGE-dependent repeating disaccharide that is necessary for extracellular matrix protein binding to O-mannosylated α-dystroglycan that is lacking in secondary dystroglycanopathies.
A Profissão e Atuação do Secretário Escolar no Ensino Público e Privado em Escolas de São Sebastião-DF
Authors: Almeida Veronica Lima da Fonseca , De Souza Alcina Martins , Oliveira Patricélia Nunes
Published: October 2014

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa sobre a profissão do secretário escolar em escolas urbanas, públicas e privadas, de pequeno e grande porte na cidade de São Sebastião, no Distrito Federal. Objetivou-se analisar o trabalho do secretário nas escolas diante da composição pedagógica e administrativa, do perfil do secretário escolar, das atribuições, das rotinas de trabalho e das possíveis mudanças e inovações. A metodologia faz parte da abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa através um estudo etnográfico realizado por meio da pesquisa de campo e entrevista com o secretário e o diretor, através da aplicação questionário semiestruturado, observações e registros fotográficos no ambiente de trabalho em quatro escolas (duas privadas e duas públicas). O estudo mostrou que a profissão do secretário escolar e a carreira de assistência educacional têm crescido muito no país, principalmente em escolas urbanas com número maior de aluno, docentes, composição pedagógica, administrativa e apoio-técnico. Também que a atuação deste profissional pode ser diferente no espaço público e privado, da escola de porte pequeno a grande, da presença de profissionais com ensino superior e em processo de formação em nível técnico. Isso por que o secretário escolar está se constituindo como um sujeito da profissão devendo atender ao contexto moderno da nossa sociedade, que tem como requisito formação e qualificação condizente ter curso de nível técnico ou tecnólogo. Cada vez mais se reconhece a relevância deste profissional da secretaria escolar, na gestão da secretaria de educação, na gestão da escola e na vida escolar dos alunos.DOI: 10.7769/gesec.v4i3.195
Da Universidade ao Mercado: O Movimento Estudantil na Consolidação de uma Identidade de Classe.
Authors: Sabino Rosimeri Ferraz
Published: October 2014

Neste trabalho analisa-se o movimento estudantil do curso de Secretariado Executivo da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, com o objetivo de verificar como tal movimento relaciona-se à construção da identidade profissional e ao consequente fortalecimento da classe secretarial sergipana. Buscou-se identificar como ocorre o movimento estudantil no curso, verificando a percepção dos estudantes sobre o atual estágio da profissão de secretário em Sergipe e analisando as ações e os resultados do movimento para a consolidação identitária da classe profissional. Como instrumento da técnica de estudo de caso foi utilizado um questionário distribuído a estudantes do curso com matrículas ativas até o primeiro semestre de 2013. Os dados obtidos foram analisados sob a luz da História Cultural, no tocante à construção identitária, e da Sociologia das Profissões. Constatou-se que o movimento estudantil do curso mostra-se forte agente nas ações de construção identitária da profissão no mercado, principalmente pelo fato de ser constituído na única formação em nível superior oferecida no Estado. No tripé do sistema de credencialismo profissional: entidades representantes, Estado e profissionais, os estudantes do curso da UFS parecem ser os agentes mais ativos na busca de reconhecimento na sociedade, comprovando-se, assim, que a cultura universitária em seus movimentos estudantis corroboram a construção da identidade profissional do futuro egresso.DOI: 10.7769/gesec.v4i3.231
Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável: Um Estudo de Caso nos Cursos de Secretariado Executivo
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Nunes de , Oliveira Pablo Pedrosa Teixeira de , Paula Nanci Fernandes de
Published: October 2014

O conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável tem sido usado em diferentes contextos desde sua divulgação em 1897 pelo Relatório Brundtland (também conhecido como Relatório “Nosso Futuro Comum”) da Comissão Mundial para o Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CMMAD). Tendo em vista que a educação constitui um dos principais motores da construção de um futuro sustentável, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) precisam preparar os futuros profissionais para que os mesmos possam atender a demanda do mercado. E isso significa que disciplinas voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável (DS) precisam estar inseridas nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo é verificar se os cursos de graduação em Secretariado Executivo possuem disciplinas que capacitam a formação de profissionais comprometidos com o DS. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva que contou com a amostra de oitenta e seis cursos de Secretariado Executivo no grau bacharelado e modalidade presencial. Concluiu-se que apenas vinte e seis cursos, de vinte e três IES, possuem disciplinas relacionadas à educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Este número mostra que os cursos estudados ainda não possuem dentre seus objetivos formar profissionais preparados para a realidade atual. Pode-se inferir também que para que o estudante atinja o perfil do profissional de Secretariado Executivo constante nas diretrizes curriculares citadas na Resolução n.º 3 de 2005, a educação voltada para o desenvolvimento sustentável deve fazer parte da estrutura curricular, permitindo que o mesmo tenha postura crítica e reflexiva sobre todos os aspectos da tomada de decisão do gestor que está assessorando.DOI: 10.7769/gesec.v5i1.248
Distribution and sources of particulate organic matter in the Indian monsoonal estuaries during monsoon
Authors: Sarma V. V. S. S. , Krishna M. S. , Prasad V. R. , Kumar B. S. K. , Naidu S. A. , Rao G. D. , Viswanadham R. , Sridevi T. , Kumar P. P. , Reddy N. P. C.
Published: October 2014

The distribution and sources of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PN) in 27 Indian estuaries were examined during the monsoon using the content and isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen. Higher phytoplankton biomass was noticed in estuaries with deeper photic zone than other estuaries receiving higher suspended matter. The δ13CPOC and δ15NPN data suggest that relatively higher δ13CPOC (−27.9 to −22.6‰) and lower δ15NPN (0.7 to 5.8‰) were noticed in the estuaries located in the northern India, north of 16°N, and lower δ13CPOC (−31.4 to −28.2‰) and higher δ15NPN (5 to 10.3‰) in the estuaries located in the southern India. This is associated with higher Chl a in the northern than southern estuaries suggesting that in situ production contributed significantly to the POC pool in the former, whereas terrestrial sources are important in the latter estuaries. The spatial distribution pattern of δ15NPN is consistent with fertilizer consumption in the Indian subcontinent, which is twice as much in the northern India as in the south whereas δ13CPOC suggests that in situ production is a dominant source in the southern and terrestrial sources are important in the northern estuaries. Based on the Stable Isotope Analysis in R model, 40–90% (70–90%) of organic matter is contributed by C3 plants (freshwater algae) in the estuaries located in the northern (southern) India.
The Role of Surface States in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Hematite
Authors: Iandolo Beniamino , Hellman Anders
Published: October 2014

Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is an extensively investigated semiconductor for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The nature and role of surface states on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain however elusive. First‐principles calculations were used to investigate surface states on hematite under photoelectrochemical conditions. The density of states for two relevant hematite terminations was calculated, and in both cases the presence and the role of surface states was rationalized. Calculations also predicted a Nerstian dependence on the OER onset potential on pH, which was to a very good extent confirmed by PEC measurements on hematite model photoanodes. Impedance spectroscopy characterization confirmed that the OER takes place via the same surface states irrespective of pH. These results provide a framework for a deeper understanding of the OER when it takes place via surface states.
Novel Capsaicin Analogues as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Approach
Authors: Damião Mariana C. F. C. B. , Pasqualoto Kerly F. M. , Ferreira Adilson K. , Teixeira Sarah F. , Azevedo Ricardo A. , Barbuto José A. M. , Palace‐Berl Fanny , Franchi‐Junior Gilberto C. , Nowill Alexandre E. , Tavares Maurício T. , Parise‐Filho Roberto
Published: October 2014

A novel class of benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐ylmethyl alkyl/aryl amide and ester analogues of capsaicin were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against human and murine cancer cell lines (B16F10, SK‐MEL‐28, NCI‐H1299, NCI‐H460, SK‐BR‐3, and MDA‐MB‐231) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC‐5). Three compounds (5f, 6c, and 6e) selectively inhibited the growth of aggressive cancer cells in the micromolar (µM) range. Furthermore, an exploratory data analysis pointed at the topological and electronic molecular properties as responsible for the discrimination process regarding the set of investigated compounds. The findings suggest that the applied designing strategy, besides providing more potent analogues, indicates the aryl amides and esters as well as the alkyl esters as interesting scaffolds to design and develop novel anticancer agents.
‘Imperfect’ conjugated polymer nanoparticles from MEH‐PPV for bioimaging and Fe(III) sensing
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Zhou Ying , Cheng Guifang , Liu Shuxian , Dong Meiting , Huang Chaobiao
Published: October 2014

A simple and effective method was reported for the preparation from MEH‐PPV of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) that are water‐soluble and well dispersed. The as‐prepared Pdots show bright orange fluorescence at a quantum yield up to 32.37%. The fluorescence intensity of Pdots can be quenched with good selectively by the successive addition of Fe3+. In addition, the as‐obtained Pdots were applied to the imaging of HeLa cells, and exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Trisheteroleptic RuII‐Based Molecular Switch
Authors: Monczak Katharina , Peuntinger Katrin , Sorsche Dieter , Heinemann Frank W. , Guldi Dirk M. , Rau Sven
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of a trisheteroleptic ruthenium complex [Ru(tb)(dppz)(tmbiH2)][PF6]2 (tb=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, dppz=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazin, tmbiH2=5,6,5′,6′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′‐bibenzimidazole) is described. In addition, the structural characterisation by means of 1D, 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, along with determination of the solid‐state structure of the important precursor Ru(tb)(dppz)Cl2, supports the proposed octahedral coordination geometry. The capability of tmbiH2 to form hydrogen bonds is corroborated by the solid‐state structure. The photochemical characteristics of this complex can be described as a combination of the “light switch” effects, which are either attributed to the dppz or to the tmbiH2 ligand. To illustrate the molecule’s double switchable features, steady‐state absorption and emission measurements were performed, which include the determination of the quantum yield and the pKa values of the acidic protons of the tmbiH2 ligand. Notably, the emission lifetimes are sensitive to the solvents used. This phenomenon is due to a proton‐coupled deactivation of the excited metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state of the complex.
Prevalence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus genotypes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: A Korean multicenter study
Authors: No Jae Hong , Sung Myung‐Whun , Hah J. Hun , Choi Seung Ho , Lee Myung‐Chul , Kim Hee Seung , Song Yong‐Sang
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

This study was aimed at investigating the change in the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and the association of the HPV genotype with the prognosis.

METHODS

This multicenter study included 175 patients with TSCC from 3 general hospitals between 1991 and 2009. HPV DNA was detected in paraffin‐embedded tissues with genotyping chips. A survival analysis that considered clinicopathological factors, the HPV genotype, and the expression of p53, retinoblastoma protein, p16, and epidermal growth factor receptor (assessed with immunohistochemistry) was performed with Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS

High‐risk HPV types were found in 23.4% of the cases. The prevalence of HPV‐18 (10.3%) was as high as that of HPV‐16 (10.3%). The proportion of high‐risk HPV‐positive tumors increased from 5.9% in 1991 to 31.6% in 2009. HPV‐16 positivity was associated with an advanced stage and lymph node metastasis, whereas HPV‐18 positivity was associated with old age and an advanced T stage. The survival analysis showed that old age and T classification were poor prognostic factors, whereas the expressions of various biomarkers were not associated with prognosis. HPV‐18–positive cases had a poorer prognosis than HPV‐16–positive cases and non–HPV‐related TSCC cases. A multivariate analysis revealed that HPV‐18 positivity, old age, and an advanced T stage were independent prognostic factors for predicting poor outcomes for patients with TSCC.

CONCLUSIONS

The proportion of HPV‐positive tonsillar cancer cases has increased during the last 20 years in the Republic of Korea. The presence of HPV‐18 may serve as a biomarker for a poor prognosis. Cancer 2015;121:535–544. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Optimal employment of color attributes to achieve saliency in icon matrix designs
Authors: Choi Kyungah , Suk Hyeon‐Jeong
Published: October 2014

With the wide use of smart devices, through which information is presented in vast quantities, objective guidelines are needed to enable designers to choose appropriate colors for information display. The purpose of this study is to determine which colors are the most eye‐catching in displays that employ icon matrices and thereby provide empirical grounds for strengthening the visual information structure of interface designs. Three attributes of color, which include hue, tone, and color combinations, are examined to optimize the color saliency in information displays. An eye‐tracking study was conducted to evaluate saliency objectively by analyzing fixations of visual attention. Based on the hue‐saturation‐brightness color system, a 5‐by‐5 matrix of 25 color patches was adopted to generate 21 color stimuli. Part I of the study focused on hue and indicated that warm colors are perceptually more eye‐catching relative to cool and neutral colors. Part II of the study investigated tonal influences and revealed that highly saturated colors provoked the greatest visual magnetism against a black background across all hue groups, although there was an alternative tendency for a blue hue. Contrary to expectations, no distinctive patterns were observed among brightness groups. With regard to color combination, Part III of the study provided empirical verification that high contrast between a foreground and a background generates a more dominant conspicuity. The results of the present study can be applied in designing electronic interfaces that display icon matrices to create effective communication by guiding visual attention and increasing aesthetic satisfaction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 429–436, 2015
Responses to drought stress among sex morphs ofOxyria sinensis(Polygonaceae), a subdioecious perennial herb native to theEastHimalayas
Authors: Yang Jie , Hu Lijuan , Wang Zhengkun , Zhu Wanlong , Meng Lihua
Published: October 2014

It is generally accepted that dioecious plants occur more frequently in dry and nutrient‐poor habitats, suggesting that abiotic stress factors could contribute to evolution of dioecy from hermaphrodite. Therefore, experimental investigations on the responses of subdioecious species, a special sexual system comprising male, female, and hermaphrodite plants, to abiotic stress factors could quantify the contribution of selective pressure on the evolution of dioecy. In this study, we evaluated the physiological responses of different sex morphs ofOxyria sinensisHemsley, a perennial herb native to the East Himalayas, to drought stress. Male, female, and hermaphrodite plants ofO. sinensiswere subjected to low, moderate, and high drought stress conditions in a glasshouse. Generally, with increasing water stress, the values of most measured variables slightly decreased, whereas water‐use efficiency slightly increased. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in most of the measured parameters among the sex morphs under each drought stress treatment, indicating thatO. sinensismight be well‐adapted to drought stress conditions as its typical habitat is the dry and hot habitats of xerothermic river valleys. However, nitrogen‐use efficiency was significantly higher in male and female plants than in hermaphrodite plants under high drought stress conditions, suggesting that that nitrogen‐use efficiency under conditions of drought stress might have contributed to the evolution of dioecy from the hermaphrodite to some degree.
Plant‐derived differences in the composition of aphid honeydew and their effects on colonies of aphid‐tending ants
Authors: Pringle Elizabeth G. , Novo Alexandria , Ableson Ian , Barbehenn Raymond V. , Vannette Rachel L.
Published: October 2014

In plant–ant–hemipteran interactions, ants visit plants to consume the honeydew produced by phloem‐feeding hemipterans. If genetically based differences in plant phloem chemistry change the chemical composition of hemipteran honeydew, then the plant's genetic constitution could have indirect effects on ants via the hemipterans. If such effects change ant behavior, they could feed back to affect the plant itself. We compared the chemical composition of honeydews produced by Aphis nerii aphid clones on two milkweed congeners, Asclepias curassavica and Asclepias incarnata, and we measured the responses of experimental Linepithema humile ant colonies to these honeydews. The compositions of secondary metabolites, sugars, and amino acids differed significantly in the honeydews from the two plant species. Ant colonies feeding on honeydew derived from A. incarnata recruited in higher numbers to artificial diet, maintained higher queen and worker dry weight, and sustained marginally more workers than ants feeding on honeydew derived from A. curassavica. Ants feeding on honeydew from A. incarnata were also more exploratory in behavioral assays than ants feeding from A. curassavica. Despite performing better when feeding on the A. incarnata honeydew, ant workers marginally preferred honeydew from A. curassavica to honeydew from A. incarnata when given a choice. Our results demonstrate that plant congeners can exert strong indirect effects on ant colonies by means of plant‐species‐specific differences in aphid honeydew chemistry. Moreover, these effects changed ant behavior and thus could feed back to affect plant performance in the field.
Rapid quantification of polar compounds in thermo‐oxidized oils by HPTLC‐densitometry
Authors: Correia Ana Cristina , Dubreucq Eric , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana , Lecomte Jérôme
Published: October 2014

The level of polar compounds is a good indicator of oil quality and it is the basis of the international regulations limiting the use of degraded frying fats/oils for human consumption. According to ISO 8420:2002 standard, polar compound content is determined by adsorption chromatography extraction followed by gravimetric quantification. This simple and accurate method is time‐consuming and considerable amounts of silica‐gel and solvents are needed. This study aims at developing a fast and reliable alternative method for polar compound quantification in frying oils, using HPTLC‐densitometry. This technique was tested for soybean, sunflower and peanut oils, heated at 180°C, and for frying oil samples. This technique proved to be fast, accurate and repeatable.

Practical applications: The developed method is adequate for rapid screening of unknown oil samples, with respect to their level of polar compounds. Using HPTLC‐densitometry to evaluate polar compound content in oils, the number of samples to be analyzed by the ISO standard method may be considerably reduced to those having values close to the maximum allowed. Thus, the proposed methodology allows for a reduction in time and chemicals used, with economic and environmental benefits.

HPTLC‐densitometry is an alternative technique to the standard method for polar compound quantification in heated/frying vegetable oils. The method developed is fast, accurate, and repeatable with economic and environmental benefits.
Child Negative Emotionality and Caregiver Sensitivity Across Context: Links with Children's Kindergarten Behaviour Problems
Authors: Hartz Karyn , Williford Amanda
Published: October 2014

Behavioural adjustment is critical for children's school readiness. This study used data from a nationally representative sample of children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort. We examined the effects of interactions between children's negative emotionality, maternal sensitivity and preschool teacher sensitivity on children's kindergarten internalizing and externalizing behaviours. Parent report of children's negative emotionality and observations of maternal sensitivity were obtained at age 2 years, teacher sensitivity was observed in preschool and teacher report of children's behaviour problems was obtained in kindergarten. Negative emotionality moderated links between maternal sensitivity, teacher sensitivity and children's internalizing behaviours. For children high in negativity, maternal sensitivity was positively associated with internalizing behaviour in the context of low teacher sensitivity, whereas for children low in negativity, maternal sensitivity was negatively associated with internalizing behaviour. For children high or low in negativity, internalizing behaviour was comparable when teacher sensitivity was high regardless of maternal sensitivity. Maternal sensitivity and teacher sensitivity interacted to predict externalizing behaviour regardless of child negativity. Children who experienced high teacher sensitivity displayed comparable externalizing behaviour regardless of maternal sensitivity. When children experienced low teacher sensitivity, maternal sensitivity was negatively associated with externalizing behaviour. Interactions between child characteristics and caregiving across developmental contexts are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and CHRNA1 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of rocuronium in Chinese patients
Authors: Mei Yang , Wang Sai‐Ying , Li Yang , Yi Shuang‐Qiang , Wang Chun‐Yan , Yang Mi , Duan Kai‐Ming
Published: October 2014

This study explored the role of SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and CHRNA1 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy and duration of action of rocuronium in Chinese patients. Two hundred seven unrelated Chinese patients scheduled for elective surgery were recruited, and 200 completed the study. Their ABCB1, SLCO1B1, and CHRNA1 genotypes were determined. Demographic and clinical non‐genetic data also were collected. The SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and CHRNA1 variants did not affect the onset time of rocuronium. Clinical duration and recovery time of rocuronium were prolonged in patients with the ABCB1 rs1128503TT and SLCO1B1 rs2306283 AG and GG genotypes. We demonstrate that the SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 gene variants could affect the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium. The ABCB1 rs1128503 C>T genotype was the most important factor on the efficacy of rocuronium.
Augmentation of virulence related traits of pqs mutants by Pseudomonas quinolone signal through membrane vesicles
Authors: Bala Anju , Kumar Lokender , Chhibber Sanjay , Harjai Kusum
Published: October 2014

Pathogenicity of opportunistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated through expression of different virulence determinants, most of which are under the control of quorum sensing. Besides acylhomoserine lactones, P. aeruginosa produces Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) molecules which co‐regulate expression of overlapping subset of genes. In the present study, effect of mutations in the pqs genes on the production of virulence factors, biofilm, and membrane vesicles (MVs) was studied using standard strain and isogenic pqs mutants of P. aeruginosa. Mutations in pqs genes severely reduced elastase, pyocyanin, siderophores, biofilm formation, and production of MVs. Further, effect of synthetic PQS on virulence of P. aeruginosa and its correlation with MVs was investigated. Supplementation of PQS resulted in enhancement of phenotypic expression of virulence factors and biofilm forming capacity of these strains. Restoration of virulent phenotype of mutants in presence of PQS indicated that PQS system play an important role in the virulence of P. aeruginosa. In addition, PQS also induced substantial release of MVs in all strains. When vesicles containing natural PQS were added to the mutants, significant increase in production of virulence factors was observed. This augmentation of the virulence traits may be associated with the efficient delivery of PQS among bacterial cells, which could be one possible mechanism of pqs system contributing to the overall virulence of P. aeruginosa.
HILIC‐MS for metabolomics: An attractive and complementary approach to RPLC‐MS
Authors: Tang Dao‐Quan , Zou Ll , Yin Xiao‐Xing , Ong Choon Nam
Published: October 2014

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is an emerging separation mode of liquid chromatography (LC). Using highly hydrophilic stationary phases capable of retaining polar/ionic metabolites, and accompany with high organic content mobile phase that offer readily compatibility with mass spectrometry (MS) has made HILIC an attractive complementary tool to the widely used reverse‐phase (RP) chromatographic separations in metabolomic studies. The combination of HILIC and RPLC coupled with an MS detector expands the number of detected analytes and provides more comprehensive metabolite coverage than use of only RP chromatography. This review describes the recent applications of HILIC‐MS/MS in metabolomic studies, ranging from amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, organic acids, pharmaceuticals, and metabolites of specific nature. The biological systems investigated include microbials, cultured cell line, plants, herbal medicine, urine, and serum as well as tissues from animals and humans. Owing to its unique capability to measure more‐polar biomolecules, the HILIC separation technique would no doubt enhance the comprehensiveness of metabolite detection, and add significant value for metabolomic investigations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:574–600, 2016
Advancements in waste water characterization through NMR spectroscopy: review
Authors: Alves Filho Elenilson G. , Alexandre e Silva Lorena M. , Ferreira Antonio G.
Published: October 2014

There are numerous organic pollutants that lead to several types of ecosystem damage and threaten human health. Wastewater treatment plants are responsible for the removal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants from the sewage, and because of this function, they play an important role in the protection of human health and the environment. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be a valuable analytical tool as a result of its versatility in characterizing both overall chemical composition as well as individual species in a wide range of mixtures. In addition, NMR can provide physical information (rigidity, dynamics, etc.) as well as permit in depth quantification. Hyphenation with other techniques such as liquid chromatography, solid phase extraction and mass spectrometry creates unprecedented capabilities for the identification of novel and unknown chemical species. Thus, NMR is widely used in the study of different components of wastewater, such as complex organic matter (fulvic and humic acids), sludge and wastewater. This review article summarizes the NMR spectroscopy methods applied in studies of organic pollutants from wastewater to provide an exhaustive review of the literature as well as a guide for readers interested in this topic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Insulin Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Protect Against Alzheimer's Disease?
Authors: Rdzak Grzegorz M. , Abdelghany Osama
Published: October 2014

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the United States. A better understanding of the disease's underlying pathways may provide novel treatment and/or prevention strategies for this progressive chronic neurodegenerative disorder. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the possible links between insulin and Alzheimer's disease. Insulin‐induced hypoglycemia causes adaptive changes in the brain, including an improved ability to use alternative fuels. Insulin has been shown to facilitate reduction of intracellular amyloid plaque and downregulation of amyloid‐β–derived diffusible ligand‐binding sites. Insulin also promotes tau hypophosphorylation, which stabilizes microtubules and promotes tubulin polymerization. Excess exogenous insulin may also play a role in overcoming the decreased utilization and transport of glucose in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Intranasal insulin therapy may have beneficial effects on cognition and function in patients with Alzheimer's disease, as well as having only minor adverse effects, and this route of administration been the focus in clinical trials. These data support the mechanistic pathways that might link excess exogenous insulin administered to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to possible protection from Alzheimer's disease and provide a rationale for using insulin to prevent the disease in high‐risk patients.
Morphology and crystallization behavior of poly(l‐lactide)/poly(butylene oxalate) blends
Authors: Kuo Pei‐Chun , Chang Ya‐Ching , Chen Chuh‐Yung , Lo Chieh‐Tsung
Published: October 2014

The isothermal crystallization of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) in blends with poly(butylene oxalate) (PBOX) is investigated by time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy. We focus on the temperatures at which only PLLA crystallizes while PBOX is amorphous. It is obtained that the addition of PBOX causes a reduction of the melting temperature of PLLA. The lamellar thickness of PLLA crystals decreases whereas the amorphous layer thickness increases with blend composition, suggesting the occurrence of the interlamellar incorporation upon the addition of PBOX. The crystal growth rate and morphology of PLLA/PBOX blends are analyzed by polarized optical microscopy. The spherulite growth rate of PLLA is found to increase with the addition of PBOX. Analysis of the isothermal crystallization in terms of the Lauritzen and Hoffman equation give the reduction of the fold surface free energy upon the addition of PBOX in PLLA, indicating that the mobility of the PLLA chains is significantly improved due to the presence of PBOX. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 192–202
Bridging the gap between easy generation and efficient verification of unsatisfiability proofs
Authors: Heule Marijn J. H. , Hunt Warren A. , Wetzler Nathan
Published: October 2014

Several proof formats have been used to verify refutations produced by satisfiability (SAT) solvers. Existing formats are either costly to check or hard to implement. This paper presents a practical approach that facilitates checking of unsatisfiability results in a time similar to proof discovery by embedding clause deletion information into clausal proofs. By exploiting this information, the proof‐checking time is reduced by an order of magnitude on medium‐to‐hard benchmarks as compared to checking proofs using similar clausal formats. Proofs in a new format can be produced by making only minor changes to existing conflict‐driven clause‐learning solvers and their preprocessors, and the runtime overhead is negligible. This approach can easily be integrated into Glucose 2.1, the SAT 2012 challenge winner, and SatELite, a popular SAT‐problem preprocessor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood Income Volatility and Adult Outcomes
Authors: Hardy Bradley L.
Published: October 2014

Using data linked across generations in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate the relationship between exposure to volatile income during childhood and a set of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. The empirical framework is an augmented intergenerational income mobility model that includes controls for income volatility. I measure income volatility at the family level in two ways: (1) instability as measured by squared deviations around a family-specific mean; and (2) instability as percentage changes of 25 % or more. Volatility enters the model both separately and interacted with income level. I find that family income volatility during childhood has a modest negative association with educational attainment. Volatility has a smaller descriptive role in explaining intergenerational outcomes relative to permanent income. Across the income distribution, the negative association between volatility exposure and educational attainment is largest for young adults from moderate-income families.
Revisiting the interplay between contractual and relational governance: A qualitative and meta‐analytic investigation
Authors: Cao Zhi , Lumineau Fabrice
Published: October 2014

Although extant literature has shown that formal contracts and relational governance play a key role in interorganizational relationships, the nature of their interplay still remains equivocal. To better understand the relationships between contractual and relational governance, we conducted a qualitative review and meta‐analysis of the existing literature. Meta‐analytic results from 33,051 interorganizational relationships across 149 empirical studies have indicated that contractual governance is positively related to both sides of relational governance—trust and relational norms. Our results have also indicated that contracts, trust, and relational norms jointly improve satisfaction and relationship performance and jointly reduce opportunism. These findings provide strong evidence for the complementarity arguments of the contractual–relational governance relationships and their joint impacts on performance. We also found that the mutual relationships between contractual and relational governance are moderated by the institutional environments, the interorganizational relationship type and length, and the construct measurement of contracts. Overall, this study provides new insights onwhencontractual and relational governance complement or substitute each other. We discuss the implications of our study for theory and practice and propose a research agenda for future research on governance in interorganizational relationships.