bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-Dependent Progression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Osterrieder Nikolaus , Bertzbach Luca D. , Dietert Kristina , Abdelgawad Azza , Vladimirova Daria , Kunec Dusan , Hoffmann Donata , Beer Martin , Gruber Achim D. , Trimpert Jakob
Published: July 2020

In late 2019, an outbreak of a severe respiratory disease caused by an emerging coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, resulted in high morbidity and mortality in infected humans. Complete understanding of COVID-19, the multi-faceted disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, requires suitable small animal models, as does the development and evaluation of vaccines and antivirals. Since age-dependent differences of COVID-19 were identified in humans, we compared the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in young and aged Syrian hamsters. We show that virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract was independent of the age of the animals. However, older hamsters exhibited more pronounced and consistent weight loss. In situ hybridization in the lungs identified viral RNA in bronchial epithelium, alveolar epithelial cells type I and II, and macrophages. Histopathology revealed clear age-dependent differences, with young hamsters launching earlier and stronger immune cell influx than aged hamsters. The latter developed conspicuous alveolar and perivascular edema, indicating vascular leakage. In contrast, we observed rapid lung recovery at day 14 after infection only in young hamsters. We propose that comparative assessment in young versus aged hamsters of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and treatments may yield valuable information, as this small-animal model appears to mirror age-dependent differences in human patients.
Comparative Analyses of the Antiviral Activities of IgG and IgA Antibodies to Influenza A Virus M2 Protein
Authors: Okuya Kosuke , Eguchi Nao , Manzoor Rashid , Yoshida Reiko , Saito Shinji , Suzuki Tadaki , Sasaki Michihito , Saito Takeshi , Kida Yurie , Mori-Kajihara Akina , Miyamoto Hiroko , Ichii Osamu , Kajihara Masahiro , Higashi Hideaki , Takada Ayato
Published: July 2020

The influenza A virus (IAV) matrix-2 (M2) protein is an antigenically conserved viral envelope protein that plays an important role in virus budding together with another envelope protein, hemagglutinin (HA). An M2-specific mouse monoclonal IgG antibody, rM2ss23, which binds to the ectodomain of the M2 protein, has been shown to be a non-neutralizing antibody, but inhibits plaque formation of IAV strains. In this study, we generated chimeric rM2ss23 (ch-rM2ss23) IgG and IgA antibodies with the same variable region and compared their antiviral activities. Using gel chromatography, ch-rM2ss23 IgA were divided into three antibody subsets: monomeric IgA (m-IgA), dimeric IgA (d-IgA), and trimeric and tetrameric IgA (t/q-IgA). We found that t/q-IgA had a significantly higher capacity to reduce the plaque size of IAVs than IgG and m-IgA, most likely due to the decreased number of progeny virus particles produced from infected cells. Interestingly, HA-M2 colocalization was remarkably reduced on the infected cell surface in the presence of ch-rM2ss23 antibodies. These results indicate that anti-M2 polymeric IgA restricts IAV budding more efficiently than IgG and suggest a role of anti-M2 IgA in cross-protective immunity to IAVs.
Human Metapneumovirus Escapes NK Cell Recognition through the Downregulation of Stress-Induced Ligands for NKG2D
Authors: Diab Mohammad , Schmiedel Dominik , Seidel Einat , Bacharach Eran , Mandelboim Ofer
Published: July 2020

The Pneumoviridae family includes human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human orthopneumovirus, which is also known as a respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). These are large enveloped, negative single-strand RNA viruses. HMPV and HRSV are the human members, which commonly infect children. HMPV, which was discovered in 2001, infects most children until the age of five, which causes an influenza-like illness. The interaction of this virus with immune cells is poorly understood. In this study, we show that HMPV evades natural killer (NK) cell attack by downregulating stress-induced ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D including: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I polypeptide-related sequences A and B (MICA, MICB), UL16 binding proteins ULBP2, and ULBP3, but not ULBP1. Mechanistically, we show that the viral protein G is involved in the downregulation of ULBP2 and that the viral protein M2.2 is required for MICA and MICB downregulation. These findings emphasize the importance of NK cells, in general, and NKG2D, in particular, in controlling HMPV infection, which opens new avenues for treating HMPV.
Parkinson’s Disease Depression Mechanisms
Authors: Tsygankov Boris , Kuznetsov Evgeniy , Zaitsevskaya Sofiya
Published: July 2020

Depression occurs among a significant number of patients with Parkinson’s disease. There is evidence of a common mechanism for the formation of Parkinson’s disease and depression, but their mutual influence and clinical features of the resulting comorbid conditions require further research.
Non-adaptive responses to learning stress of medical students and approaches to psychotherapy (transcultural study results)
Authors: Ruzhenkova Victoria , Ruzhenkov Victor , Gomelyak Yuliya
Published: July 2020

Medical students have a high level of learning stress, anxiety, depression, symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and suicidal thoughts, and using by them smoking, alcohol and drugs to overcome stress creates a risk of forming addictive behavior. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for increasing the tolerance of medical students to learning stress based on the study of the prevailing types of their response. 1045 medical students of 1–6 courses were examined: 724 Russian-speaking — 537 (74,2 %) female and 187 (25,8 %) male and 321 students from India (who do not speak Russian, studying in English) — 248 (77,3 %) male and 73 (22,7 %) female. Medical-sociological, psychometric and statistical methods of research were applied. There are 7 predominant types of response to learning stress (adaptive, neurotic, affective, personal, addictive, psychosomatic and suicidal), which have different meanings for social-psychological adaptation. The affective method was dominated (28–30 % dispersion). Smoking and alcohol intake created a risk of alcohol and nicotine dependence (11 % of the population). The risk of psychosomatic disorders in Russian-speaking students was created by personal, affective, neurotic and suicidal types, and in foreign students — neurotic, affective and alcohol intake. Adaptive method and computer games are more common for foreign students, but Russian-speaking students were dominated by neurotic and affective type, as well as alcohol intake and suicidal behavior. To increase the resistance of students to learning stress, it is expedient to implement the program “Stress management”, which has shown high efficiency, and for the prevention of neurotic and psychosomatic types of response — personal psychotherapy.
Comparative characteristics of educational stress and mental health of senior medicine students at different universities (results of an interregional study)
Authors: Ruzhenkova Victoria , Sheremet’eva Irina , Ruzhenkov Viktor
Published: July 2020

Stress negatively affects the mental health of students, causes anxiety and depression, leads to poor academic performance, lowers level of professional training and success in the future. The purpose of the research is to study the state of mental health of medical students to develop recommendations for the prevention of maladaptation. Materials and methods. 252 5-year students aged 20–29 (22 ± 1,1) years, 168 (66,7 %) females and 84 (33,3 %) males (137 students of Belgorod State University and 115 of Altay State Medical University (ASMU)) were examined by medico-sociological and psychometric methods. Results. It was established that every fifth student of the Belgorod State University and every third of the ASMU did not enter the medical university on their own initiative. Less than half (43 %) of Belgorod State University students and 30.4 % of the ASMU ones are convinced that the choice of profession was correct, 35 and 37.4 % are, consequently, completely disappointed with it. Students of Belgorod State University dealt with training stress factors poorer and, as a result, have more pronounced mental symptoms of training stress, difficulties in organizing the daily regimen, irregular nutrition, and fear of the future. Regardless of the region of studying, the number of students not committed to the medical profession, after 5 years of study, is more than 3 times higher among those who enter the university not on their own initiative. Students of the ASMU hit substances, skipped classes, played computer games and took sedative drugs more often to overcome academic stress. The degree of anxiety before the exams in students of Belgorod State University was higher (9 points) than in their peers from the State Medical University (7 points). An extremely high (8–10 points) level of anxiety before exams was characteristic of 75,9 and 44,3 % of students, respectively. The former were more likely to experience clinically significant panic attacks: 27,7 and 6,1 %. Conclusion. Given the high incidence of social phobia (19,1–24,1 %), depression (22,6–32,2 %) and anxiety (21,9– 27,8 %) among medical students, the development and implementation of psycho-correctional programs aimed at the formation of adaptive ways to overcome stress, reduce anxiety and depression is required. This will prevent the development of psychosomatic disorders and addictions.
Comparative analysis of minimally invasive surgical decompression and fusion surgery in the treatment of stable stage i lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis complicated by spinal stenosis
Authors: Kartavykh Roman , Borshchenko Igor , Chmutin Gennadiy , Baskov Andrey , Baskov Vladimir
Published: July 2020

Purpose: a comparative analysis of long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of bilateral microsurgical decompression from unilateral approach and open fusion surgery in the treatment of patients with stable stage I lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis complicated by spinal stenosis. Materials and methods: this study included 83 patients with degenerative stage I lumbar spondylolisthesis, combined with spinal stenosis at one/several levels. Bilateral microsurgical decompression from unilateral approach was performed in group A (n = 41), in group B (n = 42) we used transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Results: intraoperative blood loss and operation time significantly prevailed in group B (P < 0,05). Pain in the legs (VAS), Oswestry disability index significantly decreased in both groups in the long-term postoperative period. No statistical difference in these was found in groups A and B (P = 0,59; P = 0,10). Lower back pain in both groups at the follow-up period had a significant difference: in fusion group there was a significantly higher intensity, than in group А (P < 0,001). Assessment of radiological outcomes in group A at the level of spondylolisthesis showed a slight decrease in segment stability: an increase in anteroposterior displacement of the vertebrae by an average of 0,44 mm, the angular difference by 0,77°, an increase in displacement of the vertebral body by 1,30 % (P < 0,05). Conclusion: minimally bilateral microsurgical decompression from unilateral approach is an effective method for treatment of stable stage I degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, combined with spinal stenosis, allowing to achieve significant regression of leg pain and disability in the long-term postoperative period. And this method admits to significantly decrease of low back pain, then in fusion surgery, as well as a low risk of postoperative instability and reoperation with instrumentation.
Diagnostic scales for suicide risk assessment
Authors: Gelda L. , Nesterovich L.
Published: July 2020

The problem of adequate diagnostic tools use for suicide risk assessment т medical research and practice is of extreme importance because of the high incidence of suicide in the population of psychotic patients and the high vulnerability of the latter to the known risk factors. The article provides ап overview of the existing psychometric instruments (scales) used to assess the risk of suicide in psychiatry as well as in general medicine.
The relationship of motor activity of university students in Voronezh with subjective assessment of their health status
Authors: Fertikova Tatiana
Published: July 2020

The lack of motor activity of university students is a risk factor for the health of students, causing a deterioration in the subjective indicators of health assessment identified by the questionnaire. The study of the motor activity of students was carried out by the method of pedometry using the GEONAUTE ONstep 100 instrument. The study was attended by students of the first three courses of universities in Voronezh. The number of subjects was 66. Actual motor activity of the studied students did not reach optimal values in any of the universities. Medical students who have the most critical assessment of their own health have the lowest indicators of motor activity. Students of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction are ahead of Voronezh State Medical University and Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies students in total walking time during the day, the differences are statistically significant (126.7 ± 2.4 vs. 107.7 ± 1.9, p < 0.001, and 126.7 ± 2.4 vs. 119.1 ± 1.9, p < 0.02, respectively). The performed study allowed us to assess the level of students’ motor activity and compare these results with the parameters of their subjective health assessment. In Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction, the proportion of students surveyed who rated their health status as «good» and «excellent» amounted to 73.3 %, in Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies — 59.4 %, in Voronezh State Medical University — 46.9 %. Thus, the parameters of students’ motor activity correlate with the results of their questionnaire. In that university, where the majority of students highly rated their own health, reliably higher results of physical activity were determined by the number of steps and the total walking time during the day, the average daily distance and the amount of energy spent walking. The information obtained suggests the need for the development and implementation of measures to increase the motor activity of young people in the framework of the functioning of students’ health programs taking into account the profile of education.
Analysis of the impact of technogenic environmental factors on public health in the territory of the Voronezh region
Authors: Mekhantyeva Lyudmila , Perfilyeva Marianna , Stepanova Tatyana , Karateeva Irina , Chernigovskaya Alyona
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of a study on the degree of influence of environmental factors on public health in the Voronezh region. Nowadays, people are often exposed to numerous harmful environmental factors that have a negative impact on their health. The main of the leading factors are air pollution and the hygienic condition of drinking water. The analysis of the sanitary-epidemiological situation was carried out and the incidence rate in the territory of the Voronezh region from 2016–2018 was estimated. We also analyzed the data of observation of air pollution, drinking water at observation posts of organizations of Rospotrebnadzor located in the city of Voronezh. As a result of the study, an analysis was made of the environmental situation in more than 30 districts of the Voronezh region. At the same time, the tendency of the incidence rate in these territories was studied. The presence of endemic diseases of certain classes was revealed. The results of the study indicate the leading factors that have a negative impact on the health of the population living in different regions. In conclusion, it was noted that over the past 4 years, the environmental situation in the territory of the Voronezh region has remained unfavorable. The increased content of certain substances in the air and water of the area entails a high incidence rate for specific classes of diseases. The relationship of environmental pollution indicators with the incidence rate of the population of certain areas was also identified and the dependence of the content of certain substances in the air, water and the purity of the manifestation of specific classes of diseases in various parts of the region was established.
Requirements for the classification of rheumatic diseases
Authors: Perminova Elena
Published: July 2020

Rheumatic diseases currently include many diseases, the basis of which is systemic or local lesions of the connective tissues, and articular syndrome is the most common clinical manifestation. There are more than 80 such pathological conditions, so it is not surprising that in many countries much attention is paid to the development of classifications. The main task of the classification is to help the specialist in improving the diagnosis, in systematizing the list of diseases related to this problem. That is, the goal is to create the basis for statistical processing, which makes it possible to objectively assess the prevalence of this pathology and its influence on the public health and its social and economic development.
Lactic acidosis in diabetes mellitus in the practice of a family doctor
Authors: Skvortsov Vsevolod , Skvortsova Ekaterina , Malyakin Georgiy , Goliyeva Elina
Published: July 2020

Lactic acidosis is a metabolic acidosis with a large anion gap (> 10 mmol/L) and a level of lactic acid in the blood > 4 mmol/L (according to some definitions, more than 2 mmol/L). This is a critical pathological condition of the body, accompanied by acute or chronic hypoxia, and even coma. The prognosis for the development of this condition is always severe, mortality is 50–80 %. Clear criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathological condition are defined at the moment. This article focuses on the main issues that endocrinologists and resuscitators may encounter when identifying this complex of symptoms.
Organization of infection control in the Orenburg region in 1941– 1945: article dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory
Authors: Kaspruk Lyudmila
Published: July 2020

Risk of the spread of acute contagious infections at the front has sharply increased with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, as a result of which the problem of ensuring sanitary and epidemic wellbeing, including the home front, has been put forward. The issue of preventing the spread of infectious diseases was developed in the war period on the home front, by a group of scientists from the city of Chkalov as well. An important role was given to solving the problem of production of bactericides, improving the production of vaccines and serums, research to increase their immune properties, reduce reactivity, etc. Three institutes of epidemiology and microbiology functioned in the city of Chkalov (now Orenburg) in wartime: Smolensky, Chkalovsky and Ukrainian institute named after I. I. Mechnikov.
Cancer
Authors: Petrosyan Georgiy
Published: July 2020

Cancer is a malignant neoplasm based on the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that are capable of invasion into surrounding tissues and subsequent metastasis. These cells are characterized by a low degree of differentiation – the lower it is, the more malignant the process is. Cancer has become a pandemic worldwide, yielding only to the diseases of cardiovascular system in terms of mortality. Etiology of this pathological process remains unclear. Development of medications and effective methods for the treatment of malignant neoplasms is extremely important today and it is still an unsolved scientific problem.
HIV-induced diseases in adults
Authors: Petrishcheva Olga
Published: July 2020

Now, when the coronavirus pandemic has swept the whole world, few people recall that AIDS was called the plague of XX century. Manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are the terminal stage of infection of the body with the human immunodeficiency virus, which belongs to retroviruses and leads to the development of secondary immunodeficiency. The first case of HIV infection in an adult was described in 1981 in America. A young homosexual sought help for a fungal infection resistant to treatment in one of the hospitals of San Francisco. Some time after the treatment, pneumonia developed in the young man, from the complications of which he soon died. Human immunodeficiency virus got its name only in 1982, and the disease caused by it began to be called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Today there are more than 40 million infected people in the world, 2/3 of whom live in Africa. Nearly 100 million people have been infected with HIV since the beginning of the epidemic, and the number of victims is twice as much as the number of people killed in the World War I. Despite the fact that this infection is not transmitted by airborne droplets, in the household and via contact, the growth rate of this disease continues to shock. So, every day about 5 thousand people in the world become infected with HIV, about 1 million die every year from the complications of this disease. It should be noted that only 71% of infected people know about their status, while all the rest continue to be a potential source of the spread of this terrible infection.
Complex case of differential diagnosis of malaria and hemolytic anemia
Authors: Guseva Gyuldana
Published: July 2020

Correct diagnosis is the basis of timely and complete treatment. Sometimes situations arise in clinical practice when it seems that the diagnosis does not cause any doubts. However, experience shows that an erroneous diagnosis, even when it seems certain, is not uncommon.
Dual-Modality X-Ray-Induced Radiation Acoustic and Ultrasound Imaging for Real-Time Monitoring of Radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Oraiqat Ibrahim , Lei Hao , Carson Paul L. , EI Naqa Issam , Wang Xueding
Published: July 2020

Objective
. The goal is to increase the precision of radiation delivery during radiotherapy by tracking the movements of the tumor and other surrounding normal tissues due to respiratory and other body motions.
Introduction
. This work presents the recent advancement of X-ray-induced radiation acoustic imaging (xRAI) technology and the evaluation of its feasibility for real-time monitoring of geometric and morphological misalignments of the X-ray field with respect to the target tissue by combining xRAI with established ultrasound (US) imaging, thereby improving radiotherapy tumor eradication and limiting treatment side effects.
Methods
. An integrated xRAI and B-mode US dual-modality system was established based on a clinic-ready research US platform. The performance of this dual-modality imaging system was evaluated via experiments on phantoms and ex
vivo
and
in vivo
rabbit liver models.
Results
. This system can alternatively switch between the xRAI and the US modes, with spatial resolutions of 1.1 mm and 0.37 mm, respectively. 300 times signal averaging was required for xRAI to reach a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio, and a frame rate of 1.1 Hz was achieved with a clinical linear accelerator. The US imaging frame rate was 22 Hz, which is sufficient for real-time monitoring of the displacement of the target due to internal body motion.
Conclusion
. Our developed xRAI, in combination with US imaging, allows for mapping of the dose deposition in biological samples
in vivo
, in real-time, during radiotherapy.
Impact Statement
. The US-based image-guided radiotherapy system presented in this work holds great potential for personalized cancer treatment and better outcomes.
COVID-19 pandemic may fuel academic bullying
Authors: Mahmoudi Morteza , Keashly Loraleigh
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate factors influencing abusive workplace behaviors in general such as psychological health, economic and social inequities. This is true in academic and research environments where we can expect to see an increase in the incidence of academic bullying. Research and experience shows that academic bullying will have significant and enduring negative effects on scientific integrity and academic health. In this perspective piece we will explore the potential facilitative influence of COVID-19 and specifically responses to it, on bullying behaviors in academic and research environments.
Microfluidic system for screening disease based on physical properties of blood
Authors: Yadav Siddharth Singh , Sikarwar Basant Singh , Ranjan Priya , Janardhanan Rajiv
Published: July 2020

Introduction:A key feature of the 'One Health' concept pertains to the design of novel point of care systems for largescale screening of health of the population residing in resource-limited areas of low- and middle-income countries with a view to obtaining data at a community level as a rationale to achieve better public health outcomes. The physical properties of blood are different for different samples. Our study involved the development of an innovative system architecture based upon the physical properties of blood using automated classifiers to enable large-scale screening of the health of the population living in resource-limited settings.Methods:The proposed system consisted of a simple, robust and low-cost sensor with capabilities to sense and measure even the minute changes in the physical properties of blood samples. In this system, the viscosity of blood was derived from a power-law model coupled with the Rabinowitsch-Mooney correction for non-Newtonian shear rates developed in a steady laminar Poiseuille flow. Surface tension was measured by solving the Young-Laplace equation for pendant drop shape hanging on a vertical needle. An anticipated outcome of this study would be the development of a novel automated classifier based upon the rheological attributes of blood. This automated classifier would have potential application in evaluating the health status of a population at regional and global levels.Results:The proposed system was used to measure the physical properties of various samples like normal, tuberculous and anemic blood samples. The results showed that the physical properties of these samples were different as compared to normal blood samples. The major advantage of this system was low-cost, as well as its simplicity and portability.Conclusion:In this work, we proposed making a case for the validation of a low-cost version of a microfluidic system capable of scanning large populations for a variety of diseases as per the WHO mandate of "One Health".
Effects of Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dorfl seed extract combined with glibenclamide on paraoxonase1 activity, lipid profile and peroxidation, and cardiovascular risk indices in diabetic rats
Authors: Alizadeh-Fanalou Shahin , Nazarizadeh Ali , Babaei Mohammad , Khosravi Mohsen , Farahmandian Navid , Bahreini Elham
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Seeds of Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dorfl are rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids which have potent biological effects. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of S. securidaca seeds (HESS) alone, and in combination with a standard drug, glibenclamide (GB) on paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity, lipid profile and peroxidation, and cardiovascular risk indices in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight equal groups and orally treated with various doses of HESS (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) alone and in combination with GB (5 mg/kg) for 35 consecutive days. After blood sampling, lipid profile including triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, high, low and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C), as well as serum PON1 activity, were assessed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were also measured. Several indices of cardiovascular risk and the correlation between PON1 activity and these indices were calculated based on the obtained results from the lipid profile. Results: Induction of diabetes could dramatically alter all of the parameters mentioned above, and the lower dose of HESS (100 mg/kg) was not effective in restoring the parameters. However, the higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) alone and in combination with GB could significantly improve lipid profile, restore PON1 activity, and decrease cardiovascular risk indices, MDA, as well. However, neither HESS nor GB could significantly reduce TNF-α and hs-CRP. A significant negative correlation also was detected between PON1 activity and cardiovascular risk indices. Conclusion: conclusively, HESS can be considered as a potent antihyperlipidemic agent with remarkable cardioprotective effects and can potentiate the antidiabetic effects of GB.
Designing a light-activated recombinant alpha hemolysin for colorectal cancer targeting
Authors: Alizadeh Siamak , Barzegari Abolfazl , Esmaeili Abolghasem , Omidi Yadollah
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main health burden worldwide, which can cause major economic and physiological problems along with relatively high rate of mortality. It is important to develop new methods for the localized delivery of recombinant protein therapeutics, in large part due to the failure of conventional therapies in most cases. Since E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) does not produce any virulence factors, here we used these bacteria with the light-activated promoter system to deliver therapeutic agents in the desired location and time. Methods: In this study, Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin (SAH), after codon usage optimization, was cloned into blue light activating vector (pDawn) and transferred to EcN strain. Then, the functionality and cytotoxicity of secreted alpha hemolysin was evaluated in the SW480 colon cancer cell line by using different experiments, including blood agar test, flow cytometry analysis, and DAPI staining. Results: Our findings revealed that EcN can produce functional SAH under the blue light irradiation against SW480 cancer cells. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays confirmed the dose- and time-dependent toxicity of this payload (SAH) against SW480 cancer cells. Conclusion: Based on our results, EcN is proposed as an appropriate light-activated vehicle for delivery of anticancer agents to the target cancer cells/tissues.
Engineered nanoparticle bio-conjugates toxicity screening: The xCELLigence cells viability impact
Authors: Yah Clarence S , Simate Geoffrey S.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
The vast diverse products and applications of engineered nanoparticle bio-conjugates (ENPBCs) are increasing, and thus flooding the-markets. However, the data to support risk estimates of ENPBC are limited. While it is important to assess the potential benefits, acceptability and uptake, it is equally important to understand where ENPBCs safety is and how to expand and affirm consumer security concerns. Methods: Online articles were extracted from 2013 to 2016 that pragmatically used xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA) technology to describe the in-vitro toxicity of ENPBCs. The xCELLigence is a +noninvasive in vitro toxicity monitoring process that mimics exact continuous cellular bio-responses in real-time settings. On the other hand, articles were also extracted from 2008 to 2016 describing the in vivo animal models toxicity of ENPBCs with regards to safety outcomes. Results: Out of 32 of the 121 (26.4%) articles identified from the literature, 23 (71.9%) met the in-vitro xCELLigence and 9(28.1%) complied with the in vivo animal model toxicity inclusion criteria. Of the 23 articles, 4 of them (17.4%) had no size estimation of ENPBCs. The xCELLigence technology provided information on cell interactions, viability, and proliferation process. Eighty-three (19/23) of the in vitro xCELLigence technology studies described ENPBCs as nontoxic or partially nontoxic materials. The in vivo animal model provided further toxicity information where 1(1/9) of the in vivo animal model studies indicated potential animal toxicity while the remaining results recommended ENPPCs as potential candidates for drug therapy though with limited information on toxicity. Conclusion: The results showed that the bioimpacts of ENPBCs either at the in vitro or at in vivo animal model levels are still limited due to insufficient information and data. To keep pace with ENPBCs biomedical products and applications, in vitro, in vivo assays, clinical trials and long-term impacts are needed to validate their usability and uptake. Besides, more real-time ENPBCs-cell impact analyses using xCELLigence are needed to provide significant data and information for further in vivo testing.
Computational-based drug repurposing methods in COVID-19
Authors: Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh Yosef
Published: July 2020

COVID-19, as a newly emerging disease, has disrupted human’s different activities. Hence, it is essential to develop drugs or vaccines in order to control COVID-19. Since there is not a medication or vaccine for treating the disease and drug development project is a time and cost consuming process, drug repurposing approaches may yield to proper curing plans. However, there are some limitations in this field, which make the process a challenging one. This letter aims to introduce drug repurposing methods and the existing challenges to detect candidate drugs which may be helpful in controlling COVID-19.
Effects of ginger along with exercise training on serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes and malondialdehyde and the activity of liver tissue superoxide dismutase in male Wistar rats
Authors: Ghasemnian Aghaali , Iddehloei Zeinab , Rahmani Ahmad , Usefpour Mozhgan
Published: July 2020

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 months of endurance training (ET) along with ginger consumption on the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the weight as follows: control (n=8), sham (n=8), ET (n=8), ginger (n=8), and ET + ginger (n=8). The training protocol was an ET program on a treadmill for two months (5 days a week). Besides standard water and food, in groups using the supplement, 100 mg of ginger solution per kg body weight of the rats was injected three days a week. Then, 48 hours after the last training session and after 8 hours of fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected over night and the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), MDA level of the liver tissue, and activity of the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks, the activity of liver SOD in ET group (131.7±18.6, P=0.001) and ET + Ginger group (130.2±31.3, P=0.001) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (83.8±14.9). Moreover, liver MDA levels in the ET group (0.38±0.08, P=0.008) and ET + Ginger group (0.37±0.09, P=0.013) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (0.25.0±03). However, 8 weeks of ET coupled with ginger consumption had no effects on the serum levels of AST and ALT (P>0.05). Furthermore, ginger had no effect on MDA level and enzymatic activity of SOD (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study does not support the protective effects of ginger on the reduction of liver enzymes levels and improvement of the antioxidant status
Sigmoid sinus thrombosis in an elderly client with chronic varicose vein in the leg: a case report
Authors: Kamali Azadeh , Arian Mahdieh , Arashnia Parisa , Amini Zakiyeh , Roshanravan Mostafa
Published: July 2020

Dehydration and malignancies are known as the most frequent predisposing factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in older adults despite the fact that 30% of them remain idiopathic cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) cases with no clear etiology. Cases of left sigmoid sinus involvement were rarely reported. Herein, an elderly case of sigmoid sinus thrombosis with unilateral hearing loss with chronic varicose vein in the leg was reported. Sigmoid sinus thrombosis that affects hearing is one of the rare complications of otitis media. Whether or not a large chronic varicose vein in the leg can serve as a predisposing factor for CVT requires further studies. Successful management of anticoagulant therapy prevented serious complications in the patient.
TRAUMATISMO TORÁCICO POR ARMA DE FUEGO
Authors: González L. Roberto , Riquelme U. Alejandra , Ávalos T. Matías , Reyes M. Rodrigo , Seguel S. Enrique , Stockins L. Aleck , Jadue T. Andrés , Toloza A. Claudio , Alarcón O. Felipe , Barra M. Sebastián , Alarcón C. Emilio
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Los traumatismos torácicos por armas de fuego (TTAF) son cada vez más frecuentes. Objetivo: Describir características clínicas, morbilidad, mortalidad y la evolución a través del tiempo de hospitalizados por TTAF. Material y método: Estudio analítico longitudinal. Período enero 1981- diciembre 2018. Revisión base de datos, protocolos prospectivos y fichas clínicas. Se utilizó planilla Microsoft Excel ® y programa SPSS24 ® con chicuadrado y de Mann-Whitney. Descripción de características de TTAF en pacientes hospitalizados y comparación por períodos. Se calcularon índices de gravedad del traumatismo (IGT): Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS-T), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Resultados: Total 4.306 pacientes hospitalizados por traumatismo torácico (TT), 205 (4,8%) hospitalizados por TTAF. Hombres: 188 (91,7%), edad promedio 28,8±11,2 años, TTAF aislado 115 (56,1%), asociado a lesiones extratorácicas 90 (43,9%), de estos 55 (26,8%) se consideraron politraumatismos. Mecanismo: Agresión 193 (94,1%), autoagresión 11 (5,4%) y accidental 1 (0,5%). Lesiones y/o hallazgos torácicos más frecuentes: Hemotórax 127 (62,0%), neumotórax 96 (46,8%) y contusión pulmonar 51 (24,9%). Tratamiento definitivo: Pleurotomía 88 (42,9%), cirugía 71 (34,6%) y tratamiento médico 46 (22,4%). Mediana de hospitalización 7 días. Según IGT: ISS promedio 16,7±11,7, RTS-T promedio 11,1±2,1, TRISS promedio 9,6. Morbilidad: 44 (21,5%). Mortalidad: 14 (6,8%). En los diferentes períodos, se observó aumento de politraumatismos y TRISS, sin cambios en mortalidad. Discusión: La mayoría de los TTAF fueron aislados. Aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes requirió cirugía. La mortalidad observada es menor a la esperada. Se observan cambios en los TTAF a través del tiempo.
El bazo errante asociado con Vólvulo Gástrico de tipo organoaxial
Authors: Bouchentouf Rachid
Published: July 2020

Varón de 17 años de edad sin antecedentes de interés que acude a Urgencias por dolor abdominal de 24 horas de evolución  asociado con vómitos y disnea. Al examen físico se  encontró abdomen doloroso con masa epigástrica. La ecografía abdominal mostró la ausencia del bazo en su posición normal.  La tomografía computarizada abdominal mostró un bazo errante asociado con vólvulo gástrico. (Figura 1)El paciente requirió un tratamiento quirúrgico de emergencia, por laparotomía que  confirmó el diagnostico de vólvulo gástrico asociado a un bazo errante. (Figura 2)El tratamiento consistió en la detorsión y en la gastropexia.El vólvulo gástrico es una entidad clínica muy rara, originada por el giro del estómago sobre su mismo eje. Aproximadamente el 70% de los vólvulos son órgano-axiales y la mayoría son secundarios y de presentación aguda.Los factores predisponentes más frecuentes son la hernia al hiato para esofágica, hernias diafragmáticas congénitas, bridas, adherencias, o secuela tardía de trauma torácico o abdominal.La tomografía de abdomen aparece como el estudio más sensible para su diagnósticoEl tratamiento de elección del vólvulo gástrico consiste en la destorsión y  gastropexia, además del tratamiendo del defecto herniario, si este existe.
Docencia innovadora en Cirugía
Authors: Marinkovic Boris
Published: July 2020

La docencia innovadora en cirugía la asociamos habitualmente al uso de tecnología moderna para mejorar la educación que realizamos en nuestra especialidad. Sin embargo, en educación, la innovación está relacionada con la incorporación de aspectos más teóricos que tecnológicos. Esto está respaldado por una creciente cantidad de evidencia conducida principalmente por educadores, quienes utilizan la mirada de las ciencias sociales, que difieren ampliamente de como validamos la evidencia los cirujanos. Pese a esto, en los últimos 40 años, hemos visto globalmente como ha habido un importante cambio paradigmático en el modelo educativo con el que educamos en cirugía. Este ha sido impulsado básicamente por la introducción de técnicas mínimamente invasivas, cambios sociales y el progreso de las ciencias de la educación. Como sociedad científica tenemos aun el desafío de impulsar la formación de educadores quirúrgicos, establecer estándares nacionales según la experiencia de paises líderes en la materia y regular los currículos de pre y postgrado introduciendo conceptos educacionales modernos como el profesionalismo y la educación basada en competencias. Nuestra meta debería ser una sola: profesionalizar la educación quirúrgica en nuestro país poniendo el foco en el residente o en el estudiante. Esto implica entre otras cosas, que se cambie el objetivo de formar profesionales que dominen una batería rígida de procedimientos a prepararlos para enfrentar competentemente un mundo profesional que se encuentra en constante cambio y evolución. Sólo así estaremos realmente realizando innovación en docencia quirúrgica y podremos enfocarnos entonces en la tecnología.
Políticas Públicas de Lazer
Authors: Gomes Christianne Luce , Pinto Gabriela Baranowski , Elizalde Rodrigo , Noronha Vânia
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetiva discutir as políticas públicas e sociais de lazer, verificando se a temática é pesquisada na Pós-graduação em Lazer, Recreación e Tiempo libre na América Latina. A metodologia desta pesquisa qualitativa foi composta por investigação bibliográfica e realização de entrevistas com 25 voluntários vinculados a cinco mestrados desenvolvidos em quatro países: Brasil, Costa Rica, Equador e México. Todos os entrevistados salientaram a relevância da temática, mas, ela não vem sendo estudada na maioria dos mestrados investigados. Destaca-se a importância de aprofundar conhecimentos sobre o tema, reconhecendo o lazer como um campo relevante, mobilizador de intervenções estatais e integrante das agendas políticas governamentais. Assim, ampliar os estudos e pesquisas sobre as políticas públicas e sociais de lazer é um desafio que se coloca para as cinco propostas formativas estudadas.
Esporte na Cidade
Authors: Demoner João Alexandre , Gomes Ivan Marcelo , Moraes Cláudia Emília Aguiar , Almeida Ueberson Ribeiro , Almeida Felipe Quintão de
Published: July 2020

Em relação à cidade de Vitória, muito pouco sabemos sobre o desenvolvimento das práticas ligadas ao ócio, ao lazer e ao esporte no início do século XX. Analisamos a capacidade de essas práticas redefinirem os usos do território urbano, produzindo novas formas espaciais e introduzindo novos objetos na paisagem. A investigação se situou entre os anos de 1896 e 1940 e tomou como referência a história de alguns clubes capixabas, registrada em fontes diversas, como revistas, jornais, relatórios e imagens publicadas no período em tela. Concluímos que o movimento que difundiu as práticas de ócio, lazer e esportes em Vitória apresentou dois fatores diretamente relacionados com espaços públicos: por um lado, a criação de espaços e/ou a introdução de objetos na paisagem com vistas a reunir o público em torno do espetáculo esportivo; por outro, o incentivo às atividades ao ar livre (nas praias, nos jardins, nas praças e nos “passeios”).
Batuque na Cozinha a Sinhá Não Quer... E o Delegado Também Não!
Authors: Tavares Luiz Carlos Vieira , Barbieri Cesar Augustus S. , Sampaio Tânia Mara Vieira
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta o percurso do negro na constituição de nossa matriz cultural, destacando a sua capacidade e resistência às pressões oficiais advindas dos interesses de uma elite branca e letrada. A visão preconceituosa presente desde o Brasil Colônia não conseguiu apagar o Homem negro como sujeito histórico que agiu em defesa de sua identidade sócio-cultural. Apoiado em textos representativos da afirmação da etnia negra em nossa formação social, os autores revelam a força do batuque, não apenas na sustentação da música ou do ato de tocar e dançar, mas como uma forma de resistência no universo da cultura afro no Brasil. Dos seus argumentos, pode-se depreender a força das manifestações sonoras, ritmadas, dos negros (escravos, libertos, forros e livres), que fincaram raízes profundas nas músicas genuinamente brasileiras dos dias atuais e em outras manifestações de nossa cultura.
A visão das Crianças sobre o Lazer
Authors: Rocha Michelle Araújo , Souza Luciana Karine de
Published: July 2020

Este estudo buscou conhecer o conceito de lazer de crianças, suas práticas de lazer, a companhia nessas práticas, se se aprende algo com o lazer, quais atividades fariam mais e quais deixariam de fazer. Foram entrevistadas individualmente 41 crianças de 9 a 10 anos de idade, estudantes de escolas públicas ou privadas da cidade de Belo Horizonte. As respostas transcritas passaram por análise de conteúdo, gerando categorias de unidades temáticas semelhantes. O lazer para estas crianças envolve realizar atividades generalizadas com os pais e se divertir. Olhar televisão, descansar, fazer atividades físicas e brincar são as atividades que as crianças realizam em suas vidas como lazer, principalmente na companhia dos pais, amigos e irmãos. Na visão dessas crianças, o lazer ensina novidades de toda natureza. Gostariam de realizar mais atividades físicas e esportivas, e pouco se manifestaram quanto a atividades de lazer que deixariam de realizar. Há muito a se estudar com relação ao lazer em crianças. Trata-se de uma dimensão importante do bem-estar subjetivo e da satisfação de vida infantil. A psicologia positiva precisa atentar mais para o campo de estudos do lazer, e este último pode se enriquecer com a perspectiva subjetiva do estudo do bem-estar e da felicidade, especialmente com o foco na visão da criança sobre o descanso, o prazer e oportunidades de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem.
Percepção da Qualidade de Vida por Pessoas com Deficiências Físicas Praticantes e Não Praticantes de Atividades de Lazer
Authors: Lima Rejane Martins Canedo , Ribeiro Priscilla Rosa Queiroz , Tonello Maria Georgina Marques
Published: July 2020

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a percepção que as pessoas com deficiências físicas praticantes e não praticantes de atividades de lazer possuem da sua qualidade de vida. Participaram deste estudo 100 pessoas com deficiências físicas, sendo 45% do sexo feminino e 55% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 42,06 ±13,80 anos da cidade de Patos de Minas MG. A amostra foi avaliada através de um questionário com informações gerais, abordando a participação em atividades de lazer. Para avaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida foi aplicado o questionário WHOQOL – breve. Os participantes que realizavam atividades de lazer apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significantes, em todos os domínios de qualidade de vida: físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente. Podemos concluir que as atividades de lazer apresentaram uma grande importância na percepção de qualidade de vida dos entrevistados.