bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interview with Maurizio Andolfi
Authors: Wendt Robert N.
Published: September 2013

This interview was completed in Rome, Italy, on June 12, 1986. Maurizio Andolfi has evolved into one of the most creative family therapists regarding the use of self and metaphorical objects in the therapy process. For readers familiar with his interview in the American Journal of Family Therapy, 1981, (9)2, and his book, Family Therapy: Interactional Family Therapy, (1979), New York: Plenum, and Behind the Family Mask, (1983), New York: Brunner/Mazel, this interview reflects some of these changes and should provide interesting reading.
Brief Family Therapy: A Critique of Kinston and Bentovim
Authors: Smyrnios Kosmas X. , Kirkby Robert J. , Smyrnios Stephanie M.
Published: September 2013

There has been a growing interest in the use of brief family therapy with children. Despite this increased interest, research into the effectiveness of this approach appears to have lagged behind clinical practice. The present paper critically reviews a study by Kinston and Bentovim (1978) which could be viewed as typical in the area of brief family therapy. Analysis of Kinston and Bentovim's investigation revealed serious methodological deficiencies and raised some important clinical issues in brief family therapy studies. These include the importance of training in family therapy, the use of a consistent theoretical framework, and flexibility in the application of techniques. On the basis of this review, recommendations are made that future investigations of brief family therapy follow the guidelines necessary for valid psychotherapy research.
Marital Therapy — My Style
Authors: Webster Michelle
Published: September 2013

Recipes often evolve over time and can become enshrined by chefs. I have set out my recipe on marital therapy reflecting the collected cooking wisdom of generations. My instructions and information will enable a therapist as chef to create special dishes for a variety of occasions.
A Brief Note on Family Violence
Authors: Keeney Bradford P. , Bobele Monte
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a preliminary report of the results of a project investigating discourse used in research, treatment and theory in the area of family violence. An overview of the understandings of family professionals in the field is set forth. In addition, the results of the analysis of family violence discourse and the direction of future research are discussed.>
An Approach to Childhood Stealing with Evaluation of 45 Cases
Authors: Seymour Fred W. , Epston David
Published: September 2013

Childhood stealing is a distressing problem for families and may have wider community costs since childhood stealers often become adult criminals: This paper describes a therapeutic ‘map’ that emphasises direct engagement of the child, along with his/her family, in regrading the child from ‘stealer’ to ‘honest person’. Analysis of therapy with 45 children revealed a high level of family engagement and initial behaviour change. Furthermore, a follow‐up telephone call made 6–12 months after completion of therapy sessions revealed that 81% of the children had not been stealing at all or had substantially reduced rates of stealing.
The Couple Relationship as the Focus of Sex Therapy: The Integration of Sex Therapy Ideas and Techniques with Marital and Family Therapy
Authors: Atwood Joan D. , Weinstein Estelle
Published: September 2013

The marriage and family therapist needs basic information about techniques used in sex therapy in order to deal with the sexual issues they may encounter in their practice. This paper outlines a method of incorporating the psychotherapeutic techniques presently used in sex therapy into the marriage and family counselling setting when there is a sexual issue involved. The paper is separated into (1) a discussion of the problem, (2) recovering the relationship as the focus for sex therapy, and (3) the main approaches to treatment. Next, (4) practice issues are considered, with a presentation of couple therapy using concepts and techniques of sex therapy, including discussions on A. Identification of Organic Causes, B. Identification of Psychological Issues, C. Examination of Interpersonal Issues, and D. Assessment of Systemic Issues. (5) Some more common interventions are then presented.
Audio‐Video Reviews
Authors: KNOTHE BARBARA
Published: September 2013

Barbara Knothe, Consultant Psychiatrist, Bouverie Family Therapy Centre, has reviewed two videotapes, produced by Anita Morawetz. The tapes demonstrate Anita's work with two families, seen at the Bouverie Family Therapy Centre. In one tape, Anita supervised one of the trainees on the Training Programme and it is interesting to see how the work of the training group, family and supervisor evolves. The tapes were produced in 1988–1989 and are available from: Bouverie Family Therapy Centre, 31 Poplar Road, Parkville Vic 3052 Tel: (03) 389 2480. The contact person is Ms Kate Gerber, Clerical Officer. There is no charge for borrowing the tapes, although interstate borrowers must pay for postage (“Cash on Delivery” charges). People may borrow 2 tapes at a time, for a period of 2 weeks. Each borrower is asked to sign a form, which will be sent to them, stating they will accept responsibility for the tape and they will respect the confidentiality of the family.

Thanks to Anita for producing the tapes and making her work available to other therapists and trainees, for their professional development. Thanks also to Barbara for her reviews and to Bouverie Family Therapy Centre for their generosity and for maintaining an excellent tape library.

I would like to encourage other therapists in Australia and New Zealand to produce audio and/or videotapes of their work, on particular areas of interest. David Epston was one of the first therapists to do this — when he produced a videotape called “The Family who loved to stay at Home” which was reviewed by Jim Birch. Many “local” therapists are making recordings of their work and these provide an invaluable resource for training, supervision, consultation and research. If you are interested in producing some material for reviewing and “public” use, please contact me on: (Work) 03 550 130 (Home) 03 898 6983. You may feel overwhelmed by the task, but please don't abandon the idea. Call me and we can talk about this and your ideas. Making tapes for these purposes may not be as difficult or as daunting as you think.
Re‐Marriage — Some Issues for Clients and Therapists
Authors: Hartin Warwick W.
Published: September 2013

Family re‐formation after dissolution of first marriage is conceptualised in terms of a process involving four stages: 1. The first marriage and its dissolution 2. The divorced family 3. Re‐partnering 4. Achieving family solidarity.

It is asserted that the primary conditions for the successful formation of a second family are that the emotional divorce from the first spouse be completed, and that the second family be conceptualised differently from the first. The most important task of the new family is to integrate the members of two former families. Those families which are able to promote flexibility of boundaries within the new system have a greater chance of success.
Marital Therapy — The Therapist
Authors: Hayes Heather
Published: September 2013

This article applies systems principles to an appreciation of the couple therapist. It offers an overview of the changing role of therapists and addresses the philosophical debate of the therapist as scientist or artist. It demonstrates how the worldviews, beliefs and values of clients and therapists are influenced by, and in turn influence, the therapeutic and wider social contexts to which they belong. The question of how a therapist simultaneously maintains personal values and neutrality is considered.

The implications of examining the therapist's role from a systems framework are discussed. It is concluded that research needs to adopt a more holistic methodology and that impasses need to be analysed by examining beliefs at different levels within the systems involved. Finally, a personal account of the effect that therapy has on the therapist is offered.
Intervening in a Rigid Supervisory System: A Bowen/Structural View of Neutrality
Authors: Westheafer Charles
Published: September 2013

This paper expands on an earlier publication (1984), by the author. The earlier paper hypothesized that there were three levels of ‘pathological triangles’ in a stuck supervisory system. These triangles constituted a ‘defence’ against issues of attachment‐detachment from the family of origin for both supervisor and therapist. The current paper discusses the ideas which led to the development of the earlier theory and if utilises a case discussion format to illustrate the application of the theory in a stuck supervisory system. It is argued that this is a useful model for teaching neutrality.
Is There a Place for Psychiatric Diagnosis in Family Therapy?
Authors: Gibney Paul
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the process of psychiatric diagnosis is contrasted with the practice of family therapy. The ‘mental illness' metaphor suggested by the acts of diagnosis is critiqued on the grounds that it obscures issues of class, gender and power, that it deletes the clinician's role in the development of diagnoses, and that the overall schemata in it contain serious philosophical and methodological insecurities. It is suggested that, as psychiatric diagnosis seeks to name individual pathology and as family therapy aims at contextual analysis, the two processes belong to different quests. The paper concludes with a discussion urging for the inclusion of the moral‐ethical‐aesthetic domain in both quests.
When Strategic Approaches get Stuck: Maps out of the Mire
Authors: Sved‐Williams Anne E. , Burnett Peter , Hawker Fiona
Published: September 2013

Using a biopsychosocial model, a three dimensional map provides guidelines for changing from strategic therapy when progress in this approach falters. The method is pragmatic and atheoretical, and brings together ideas from various schools which empirically have been found useful. Practical and inclusive guidelines are offered for family (and individual) therapy which address two important issues: reinforcement of change when progress is occurring, and a shift from an interactional to another dimension when stuck points are reached. The multi‐dimensional approach is clear, can be used by individuals or teams, lends itself to teaching and is of particular value for entrenched and complex problems. Four case histories are presented to highlight the approach.
Impasses of Divorce: Neither Together Nor Apart
Authors: Renouf Emilia
Published: September 2013

This paper looks at one type of intervention that has made it possible to help separating couples, given to irrationality and engaged in protracting disputes over their children, become more rational parents, capable of using mediation as a method of dispute resolution. The central theoretical formulation in this intervention is the divorce transition impasse.

The process involved in overcoming the impasse combines a therapeutic and counselling effort with the mediation. One counsellor/mediator coordinates both phases of the process, by first assessing the impasse and then shifting the factors that created it and moving on to negotiation and implementation of the agreement made.

A case seen by the author is presented to illustrate the phases of intervention and the strategies used in each phase. The possibility is raised that this type of intervention offered by specialised counsellor/mediators might prove to the Family Court's advantage in dealing with potentially complex cases, such as access enforcement cases and some ex‐nuptial children disputes.
Worthy of Discussion: Collaborative Group Therapy
Authors: O'Neill Marilyn , Stockell Gaye
Published: September 2013

In this paper the development of a new approach to group therapy is presented. Collaborative group therapy has been successfully used in working with people with schizophrenia. It has provided both participants and therapists with the opportunity to move away from a restrictive view of mental illness toward alternative self knowledge and empowerment. New ethnographic methodology has been used to measure both process and outcome of the group therapy.
Naivety and Family Therapy An Interview with John Carpenter
Authors: Jackson Sue
Published: September 2013

Family therapists have been naive about families, the pressures on them and the contexts of therapy. Therapists should be clear about their roles, sensitive to families' experience of therapy, and resist the temptation to mystify therapy.

John Carpenter is Senior Lecturer in Mental Health, University of Kent, Canterbury, England and Co‐Editor of Journal of Family Therapy. He was a guest keynote speaker at the 1991 Australian Family Therapy Conference in Brisbane, and this interview took place shortly afterwards in Melbourne.
Enhanced apoptotic effects of dihydroartemisinin‐aggregated gelatin and hyaluronan nanoparticles on human lung cancer cells
Authors: Sun Qian , Teong Benjamin , Chen I‐Fen , Chang Shwu Jen , Gao Jimin , Kuo Shyh‐Ming
Published: September 2013

Recent studies suggest that dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a derivative of artemisinin isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua L., has anticancer properties. Due to poor water solubility, poor oral activity, and a short plasma half‐life, large doses of DHA have to be injected to achieve the necessary bioavailability. This study examined increasing DHA bioavailability by encapsulating DHA within gelatin (GEL) or hyaluronan (HA) nanoparticles via an electrostatic field system. Observations from transmission electron microscopy show that DHA in GEL and HA nanoparticles formed GEL/DHA and HA/DHA aggregates that were approximately 30–40 nm in diameter. The entrapment efficiencies for DHA were approximately 13 and 35% for the GEL/DHA and HA/DHA aggregates, respectively. The proliferation of A549 cells was inhibited by the GEL/DHA and HA/DHA aggregates. Fluorescent annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) staining displayed low background staining with annexin V‐FITC or PI on DHA‐untreated cells. In contrast, annexin V‐FITC and PI stains dramatically increased when the cells were incubated with GEL/DHA and HA/DHA aggregates. These results suggest that DHA‐aggregated GEL and HA nanoparticles exhibit higher anticancer proliferation activities than DHA alone in A549 cells most likely due to the greater aqueous dispersion after hydrophilic GEL or HA nanoparticles aggregation. These results demonstrate that DHA can aggregate with nanoparticles in an electrostatic field environment to form DHA nanosized aggregates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 455–462, 2014.
Graphene oxide and its application as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment
Authors: Kyzas George Z. , Deliyanni Eleni A. , Matis Kostas A.
Published: September 2013

Graphene oxide, particularly as magnetic particles, has recently been used as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment in applications such as heavy metals separation (mercury, cadmium, copper, chromium, arsenic) and also organics (antibiotics, dyes, i.e. Reactive black 5, etc.). Selected examples will be given in the present review—mostly from the literature. The following themes are examined among others: the synthesis route (impregnation, co‐precipitation), kinetics of adsorption, thermodynamics, isotherm studies and applications in comparison with other adsorbents. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Circular Chromatic Indices of Regular Graphs
Authors: Lin Cheyu , Wong Tsai‐Lien , Zhu Xuding
Published: September 2013

The circular chromatic index of a graph G, written , is the minimum r permitting a function such that whenever e and are adjacent. It is known that for any , there is a 3‐regular simple graph G with . This article proves the following results: Assume is an odd integer. For any , there is an n‐regular simple graph G with . For any , there is an n‐regular multigraph G with .
Metal–organic frameworks: a novel SERS substrate
Authors: Yu Tsung‐Han , Ho Chin‐Hsian , Wu Cheng‐You , Chien Ching‐Hsuan , Lin Chia‐Her , Lee Szetsen
Published: September 2013

We report the direct observation of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as substrates. Without the aid of any metal colloids or enhancing agents, the SERS signals of methyl orange (MO) adsorbed in MOFs were observed and even remained active if the organic linkers in MOFs were completely removed by high temperature and O2 plasma treatments. It implies that the SERS active site is at the metal oxide clusters. The ultraviolet‐visible spectra of MO, MOFs, and MO–MOF complexes show that absorption peaks are far from laser excitation line. Thus, conventional resonance enhancement effect should be ruled out, and charge‐transfer mechanism is the most likely scenario responsible for the observed SERS effect. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to interpret the chemical enhancement mechanism and the adsorption orientation‐dependent SERS spectra in our observation. The preferred adsorption orientations calculated by DFT method are consistent with the observed SERS results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inhibition of oleic acid induced hepatic lipogenesis and the promotion of lipolysis by caffeic acid via up‐regulation of AMP‐activated kinase
Authors: Liao Chung‐Chia , Ou Ting‐Tsz , Huang Hui‐Pei , Wang Chau‐Jong
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

Caffeic acid (CA) can inhibit toxin‐induced liver injury. In this study, CA is assessed for its lipid lowering potential when oleic acid is used to induce non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in human HepG2 cells.

RESULTS

The results showed that both the triglyceride and cholesterol content are decreased in the HepG2 cells by using the enzymatic colorimetric method. CA enhances the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its primary downstream targeting enzyme, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. CA down‐regulates the lipogenesis gene expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 and its target genes, fatty acid synthase in the presence of oleic acid. In addition, CA significantly decreases cholesterol and triglyceride production via inhibition the expression of both 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyglutary coenzyme A reductase and glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase. These effects are eliminated by pretreatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate that CA inhibits oleic acid induced hepatic lipogenesis and the promotion of lipolysis via up‐regulation of AMP‐activated kinase. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The International ADHD in Substance Use Disorders Prevalence (IASP) study: background, methods and study population
Authors: van de Glind Geurt , Van Emmerik‐van Oortmerssen Katelijne , Carpentier Pieter Jan , Levin Frances R. , Koeter Maarten W.J. , Barta Csaba , Kaye Sharlene , Skutle Arvid , Franck Johan , Konstenius Maija , Bu Eli‐Torild , Moggi Franz , Dom Geert , Demetrovics Zolt , Fatséas Mélina , Schillinger Arild , Kapitány‐Fövény Máté , Verspreet Sofie , Seitz Andrea , Johnson Brian , Faraone Stephen V. , Ramos‐Quiroga J. Antoni , Allsop Steve , Carruthers Susan , Schoevers Robert A. ,   Iasp Research Group, van den Brink Wim
Published: September 2013

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized comorbid condition in subjects with substance use disorders (SUDs).

This paper describes the methods and study population of the International ADHD in Substance Use Disorders Prevalence (IASP) study. Objectives of the IASP are to determine the prevalence of ADHD in adult treatment seeking patients with SUD in different countries and SUD populations, determine the reliability and validity of the Adult ADHD Self‐report Scale V 1.1 (ASRS) as ADHD screening instrument in SUD populations, investigate the comorbidity profile of SUD patients with and without ADHD, compare risk factors and protective factors in SUD patients with and without a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD, and increase our knowledge about the relationship between ADHD and the onset and course of SUD.

In this cross‐sectional, multi‐centre two stage study, subjects were screened for ADHD with the ASRS, diagnosed with the Conner's Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM‐IV (CAADID), and evaluated for SUD, major depression, bipolar disorder, anti social personality disorder and borderline personality disorder.

Three thousand five hundred and fifty‐eight subjects from 10 countries were included. Of these 40.9% screened positive for ADHD.

This is the largest international study on this population evaluating ADHD and comorbid disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rasante Entwicklung in der 3D‐Bildgebung
Authors: Wunderlich Max
Published: September 2013

Optoelektrische Sensoren, die eine dreidimensionale Bildinformation auswerten können, eröffnen nicht nur der Mensch‐Maschinen‐Interaktion durch Gestensteuerung völlig neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Auch für die Industrie erweitert sich durch diese Technologie die Prozessüberwachung und Steuerung sprichwörtlich um eine neue Dimension.
Impact of cancer‐related fatigue on chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in Asian cancer patients
Authors: Poon Ken Shing Ho , Un Man Kit , Low Xiu Hui , Cheung Yin Ting , Yap Kevin Yi‐Lwern , Chan Alexandre
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) has been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This study aims to evaluate the potential of CRF in predicting the occurrence of CINV.

Method

This is a prospective, observational study. Recruited patients received moderately to highly emetogenic single‐day chemotherapy regimens. On the day of chemotherapy, patients were instructed to provide a score (Likert scale of 0–10) to describe how CRF interfered with his or her ability to engage in daily activities and a score for how severe it was. Patients were then given a standardized 5‐day diary to document their CINV events.

Results

A total of 473 eligible patients (median age: 55 years, interquartile range (IQR): 48–61 years) were recruited, with most of the patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal (45%) and breast (37%) cancers. The median score of fatigue interference was 3 (IQR: 0–5). After confounders were adjusted for, patients with low fatigue interference scores (≤3) were more likely to achieve complete protection (no nausea, no vomiting, and no breakthrough antiemetics) of CINV (adjusted odds ratio = 1.57, 95%CI [1.05, 2.35], p = 0.027).

Conclusion

This is the largest study to date to evaluate the association between CRF and CINV. Patients experiencing CRF possessed a higher risk of poor control for CINV. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using genetically modified tomato crop plants with purple leaves for absolute weed/crop classification
Authors: Lati Ran N , Filin Sagi , Aly Radi , Lande Tal , Levin Ilan , Eizenberg Hanan
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

Weed/crop classification is considered the main problem in developing precise weed‐management methodologies, because both crops and weeds share similar hues. Great effort has been invested in the development of classification models, most based on expensive sensors and complicated algorithms. However, satisfactory results are not consistently obtained due to imaging conditions in the field.

RESULTS

We report on an innovative approach that combines advances in genetic engineering and robust image‐processing methods to detect weeds and distinguish them from crop plants by manipulating the crop's leaf color. We demonstrate this on genetically modified tomato (germplasm AN‐113) which expresses a purple leaf color. An autonomous weed/crop classification is performed using an invariant‐hue transformation that is applied to images acquired by a standard consumer camera (visible wavelength) and handles variations in illumination intensities.

CONCLUSION

The integration of these methodologies is simple and effective, and classification results were accurate and stable under a wide range of imaging conditions. Using this approach, we simplify the most complicated stage in image‐based weed/crop classification models. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A realistic generic model for anti‐tetrachiral systems
Authors: Gatt Ruben , Attard Daphne , Farrugia Pierre‐Sandre , Azzopardi Keith M. , Mizzi Luke , Brincat Jean‐Pierre , Grima Joseph N.
Published: September 2013

Chiral systems are a class of structures, which may exhibit the anomalous property of a negative Poisson's ratio. Proposed by Wojciechowski and implemented later by Lakes, these structures have aroused interest due to their remarkable mechanical properties and numerous potential applications. In view of this, this paper investigates the on‐axis mechanical properties of the general forms of the flexing anti‐tetrachiral system through analytical and finite element models. The results suggest that these are highly dependent on the geometry (the ratio of ligament lengths, thicknesses, and radius of nodes) and material properties of the constituent materials. We also show that the rigidity of an anti‐tetrachiral system can be changed without altering the Poisson's ratio.

The anti‐tetrachiral system, with the unit cell shown in red.
Using enstrophy advection as a diagnostic to identify blocking‐regime transition
Authors: Jensen A. D. , Lupo A. R.
Published: September 2013

This article proposes a method to identify blocking onset and decay by means of two stability indicators: enstrophy advection and its integral. The key to this technique is the use of local Lyapunov exponents for the barotropic vorticity equation, which can be approximated by the integral of enstrophy (IRE) over a fixed, finite region. The IRE can then be viewed as a measure of stability. However, by differentiating the IRE with respect to time, two measures of stability can be derived to assess blocking onset and decay: (i) the integral of enstrophy advection (DIRE), for which a time series is used to assess stability, and (ii) enstrophy advection, for which contours are plotted in conjunction with 500 hPa heights to locate blocking. One year's worth of Northern Hemisphere blocking events from July 2011–July 2012 are studied to demonstrate that the integral of enstrophy advection is a useful diagnostic. In particular, time series of IRE and DIRE for four of the blocking cases are presented, while contour plots of enstrophy advection for one case are presented. In all cases studied, the diagnostics were seen to detect the instability in an incipient blocking event and in its decay.
Differentiation Potential of Limbal Fibroblasts and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Corneal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Katikireddy Kishore Reddy , Dana Reza , Jurkunas Ula V.
Published: September 2013

The cornea is covered by a stratified epithelium that is renewed by stem cells located in the peripheral region of the cornea known as the limbus. This stroma of the limbus contains stromal keratocytes that, when expanded in culture, are termed limbal fibroblasts (LFs). It is thought that LFs exhibit similar characteristics to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) and help maintain the epithelial stem cell phenotype in the limbal region. In this study, we aimed at reprogramming stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA4+) LFs and BM MSCs into corneal epithelial lineage using a three-dimensional culture system and embryonic stem cell medium. After enrichment, SSEA4+ cells showed a higher level of stem cell marker expression such as Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, Rex1, ABCG2, and TRA-1–60, and colony-forming efficiency than did SSEA4− cells. SSEA4+, as compared to SSEA4− cells, had a greater propensity to form spheres that, in turn, were induced into ectodermal lineage and further differentiated into functional corneal epithelium. Results show that LFs were similar to BM MSCs in marker profiles, and together with the differences noted between SSEA4+ and SSEA4− cells, point to LFs’ being tissue-specific MSCs. However, LFs showed a greater potential for differentiation into corneal epithelium, indicating the potential importance of tissue-specific adult progenitors in their reprogramming capacity into cells of interest. This study opens a new avenue for investigating the molecular mechanism involved in maintaining a limbal stem cell niche and thus a potentially important clinical application to treat corneal epithelial stem cell loss. Stem Cells  2014;32:717–729
The Nucleus of Populism: In Search of the Lowest Common Denominator
Authors: Rooduijn Matthijs
Published: September 2013

There are different area-based bodies of literature on populism, which generally define the concept in slightly different ways. As a result, the term ‘populism’ has been attached to a wide variety of political actors, from Perot in the US to Berlusconi in Italy, and from Perón in Argentina to Le Pen in France. Is it an unfortunate coincidence that the same word has been used for completely different parties and politicians, or is it possible to discern the lowest common denominator that these actors share? By means of a comparison of six cases, based on a most-different systems design, I demonstrate that populists in different times and places have four characteristics in common: (1) they emphasize the central position of the people; (2) they criticize the elite; (3) they perceive the people as a homogeneous entity; and (4) they proclaim a serious crisis. These four characteristics constitute the core elements of populism.
The Demand for Expert Opinion: Bordeaux Wine
Authors: Ashenfelter Orley , Jones Gregory V.
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we use unique data from the market for Bordeaux wine to test the hypothesis that consumers are willing to pay for expert opinion because it is accurate. Using proprietary indicators of the quality of the vintage, which are based on both publicly and privately available information, we find that additional publicly available information on the weather improves the expert's predictions of subsequent prices. This establishes that the expert opinions are not efficient, in the sense that they can be easily improved, and that these opinions must be demanded, at least in part, for some purpose other than their accuracy. (JEL Classification: D8, Q13)
Constant-Sign and Nodal Solutions to a Dirichlet Problem with p-Laplacian and Nonlinearity Depending on a Parameter
Authors: Marano Salvatore A. , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S.
Published: September 2013

A homogeneous Dirichlet problem with p-Laplacian and reaction term depending on a parameter λ > 0 is investigated. At least five solutions—two negative, two positive and one sign-changing (namely, nodal)—are obtained for all λ sufficiently small by chiefly assuming that the involved non-linearity exhibits a concave-convex growth rate. Proofs combine variational methods with truncation techniques.
A description ofNeoechinorhynchus(Neoechinorhynchus)veropesoin. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the intestine of the silver croaker fishPlagioscion squamosissimus(Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) off the east coast of Brazil
Authors: Melo F.T.V. , Costa P.A.F.B. , Giese E.G. , Gardner S.L. , Santos J.N.
Published: September 2013

Plagioscion squamosissimus(Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) is considered piscivorous and is a generalist species endemic to the Amazon region. This fish is an important part of the natural ecosystems in which it occurs and provides basic functional components in the food web. The genusNeoechinorhynchusStiles & Hassall, 1905 is distributed worldwide and parasitizes fish and turtles, but there are few reports of parasites of this genus in South America, due to the high diversity of fish that can be found in this region. A new species of thorny-headed worm (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described fromP. squamosissimusfrom Guajará Bay, Belém, Pará, Brazil. In general, the unique characteristics of the hooks on the anterior end of the proboscis and the length-to-width ratio relationship separate this new species from other described species in the genusNeoechinorhynchus. Although the species in this genus are mostly found in North America, the dearth of species known from the neotropics may be due to the lack of studies in this region.
Endocannabinoid system as a potential mechanism for n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid mediated cardiovascular protection
Authors: Wainwright Cherry L. , Michel Lisa
Published: September 2013

The presence of an active and functioning endocannabinoid (EC) system within cardiovascular tissues implies that this system has either a physiological or pathophysiological role (or both), and there is a substantial literature to support the notion that, in the main, they are protective in the setting of various CVD states. Moreover, there is an equally extensive literature to demonstrate the cardio- and vasculo-protective effects of n-3 long-chain (LC)-PUFA. It is now becoming evident that there appears to be a close relationship between dietary intervention with n-3 LC-PUFA and changes in tissue levels of EC, raising the question as to whether or not EC may, at least in part, play a role in mediating the cardio-and vasculo-protective effects of n-3 LC-PUFA. This brief review summarises the current understanding of how both EC and n-3 LC-PUFA exert their protective effects in three major cardiovascular disorders (hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction) and attempts to identify the similarities and differences that may indicate common or integrated mechanisms. From the data available, it is unlikely that in hypertension EC mediate any beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFA, since they do not share common mechanisms of blood pressure reduction. However, inhibition of inflammation is an effect shared by EC and n-3 LC-PUFA in the setting of both atherosclerosis and myocardial reperfusion injury, while blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels is one of the possible common mechanisms for their antiarrhythmic effects. Although both EC and n-3 LC-PUFA demonstrate vasculo- and cardio-protection, the literature overwhelmingly shows that n-3 LC-PUFA decrease tissue levels of EC through formation of EC–n-3 LC-PUFA conjugates, which is counter-intuitive to an argument that EC may mediate the effects of n-3 LC-PUFA. However, the discovery that these conjugates have a greater affinity for cannabinoid receptors than the native EC provides a fascinating avenue for further research into novel approaches for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and myocardial injury following ischaemia/reperfusion.
Physical aspects, water movements and modelling studies of the Forth estuary, Scotland
Authors: Webb A. J. , Metcalfe A. P.
Published: September 2013

Synopsis

The hydrography of the Forth estuary is described, and various modelling studies that have been carried out are briefly summarised. The description of the hydrography includes information on the currents, salinity, temperature, tidal elevations, and turbidity, as well as physical dimensions and freshwater inputs. The vertical salinity structure of the estuary varies from the well-mixed state to the partially-mixed state, depending on the freshwater input and the tidal range (which determines the amount of turbulent kinetic energy available for mixing). The tides in the estuary exhibit double high and low waters because of shallow-water effects, and there are observations of a small tidal bore. The resuspended solids are found to account for a large fraction of the biochemical oxygen demand in the water column. The modelling studies range from an early physical model, to an analytical model of water-quality, to more recent numerical models produced by the Forth River Purification Board and Imperial Chemical Industries, which were developed in order to assess the impact of proposed discharges on water-quality. Finally, currently active projects are described and suggestions for future work given.
A differential game of international pollution control with evolving environmental costs
Authors: Masoudi Nahid , Zaccour Georges
Published: September 2013

We consider a two-player differential game of international emissions to represent the interactions between two groups of countries, namely, developed and developing countries. We adopt a broader-than-usual definition of environmental cost for developing countries to account for their evolving involvement in tackling environmental externalities. Cooperative and non-cooperative solutions are characterized and contrasted. We find that it may not be the best course of action to push developing countries to reduce their emissions in the short term, and that cooperation may not create enough dividend, also in the short term, to be implementable.
Eating out is associated with self-reported food poisoning: a Western Australia population perspective, 1998 to 2009
Authors: Pollard Christina M , Meng Xingqiong , Williamson Sophe , Dodds Jim , Binns Colin W
Published: September 2013

Objective

To explore factors associated with self-reported food poisoning among Western Australian adults between 1998 and 2009.

Design

Data were pooled from four Nutrition Monitoring Surveys Series which included information on suspected food poisoning among Western Australian adults. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression analyses were used to describe factors associated with self-reported food poisoning, food safety knowledge and behaviours.

Setting

Population of Western Australia estimated to be 2·5 million in 2009.

Subjects

A representative sample of 4494 adults aged between 18 and 64 years.

Results

There was no significant change in self-reported food poisoning over time, with about 18 % saying they had suspected food poisoning in the last 6 months. Overall, 2·1 % said they had confirmed their food-borne illness with a nurse of doctor. People less than 34 years old, those with a university degree and people who ate meals out on the day prior to the survey (one meal: OR = 1·30, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·62; two meals: OR = 2·21, 95 % CI 1·30, 3·76) were the most likely to report food poisoning. Younger people were also more likely to have their food poisoning confirmed by a health professional. Use of refrigerator thermometers and cool bags for storing food increased significantly between 2004 and 2009.

Conclusions

Findings support the inclusion of food safety advice in dietary recommendations. Food safety and handling education and training is recommended for food businesses, particularly the takeaway food sector, and for consumers. Because food poisoning is reported more often by younger people, food safety education should begin during childhood.
New Findings About Social Intelligence
Authors: Conzelmann Kristin , Weis Susanne , Süß Heinz-Martin
Published: September 2013

Social intelligence (SI) is an ability construct with a long history in scientific psychology which has yet to be clearly established. SI tests show low convergent validity and can hardly be distinguished from academic intelligence. This may be the result of conceptual ambiguity and a lack of reliable and valid performappance tests that apply nonverbal stimuli. The Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI) is a new multimedia-based performance test battery relying on a potential-based concept of SI. It presently comprises subtests for social understanding, social memory, and social perception, each of which is measured with real auditory, video-based, pictorial, and verbal task material. It applies target scoring to the social understanding tasks. Two studies with 127 and 190 participants, respectively, examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the MTSI. Discriminant construct validation was conducted with well-established academic intelligence and personality tests. The findings revealed satisfactory psychometric properties for nearly all of the 22 tasks. A general SI and a social perception factor were not substantiated. Social understanding was separate from academic intelligence, whereas social memory and social perception tasks showed systematic correlations with academic intelligence. The SI tasks were not systematically related to personality traits.
Perceptual Grouping and High-Order Cognitive Ability
Authors: Brick Larkin Gabriella , Kurylo Daniel D.
Published: September 2013

High-order cognitive functions require the integration of information across functionally related modules. This relationship suggests that cognitive ability is related to the efficiency and processing speed of basic integrative function. In order to examine individual differences for this relationship, we compared standardized tests of intelligence to visual perceptual grouping abilities, which represents a basic process of integration. Sixty participants discriminated perceived grouping of dot patterns based upon similarity in luminance. Psychophysical measurements were made of the functional limits and processing speed of grouping. We assessed cognitive abilities with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and found that measures of grouping efficiency as well as speed varied considerably across subjects, indicating substantial individual differences at this relatively early level of visual processing. Faster grouping speed was associated with higher scores on all WASI subtests, whereas grouping ability, when not restricted by time, was associated only with the performance IQ components. These results demonstrate an association between a basic integrative function, in which cognitive and motoric factors were minimized, with measures of high-order cognition, which include both verbal and spatial cognitive components.
Highly durable non-sticky silver film with a microball-nanosheet hierarchical structure prepared by chemical deposition
Authors: Wu Yunwen , Hang Tao , Wang Ning , Yu Zheyin , Li Ming
Published: September 2013

Non-sticky and highly adhesive superhydrophobic microball-nanosheet hierarchically structured silver films were obtained after surface modification and storage respectively.
Interaction of Language Processing and Motor Skill in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: DiDonato Brumbach Andrea C. , Goffman Lisa
Published: September 2013

Purpose

To examine how language production interacts with speech motor and gross and fine motor skill in children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method

Eleven children with SLI and 12 age-matched peers (4–6 years) produced structurally primed sentences containing particles and prepositions. Utterances were analyzed for errors and for articulatory duration and variability. Standard measures of motor, language, and articulation skill were also obtained.

Results

Sentences containing particles, as compared with prepositions, were less likely to be produced in a priming task and were longer in duration, suggesting increased difficulty with this syntactic structure. Children with SLI demonstrated higher articulatory variability and poorer gross and fine motor skills compared with aged-matched controls. Articulatory variability was correlated with generalized gross and fine motor performance.

Conclusions

Children with SLI show co-occurring speech motor and generalized motor deficits. Current theories do not fully account for the present findings, though the procedural deficit hypothesis provides a framework for interpreting overlap among language and motor domains.
Two-patch colloidal model with re-entrant phase behaviour
Authors: Kalyuzhnyi Y. V. , Cummings P. T.
Published: September 2013

We propose a second-order thermodynamic perturbation theory for a hard-sphere patchy colloidal model with two doubly bondable patches of type A and B. AB bonding results in the formation of a three-dimensional network of the particles and AA and BB bonding promotes chain formation. The theory is applied to study the phase behaviour of the model at different values of the potential model parameters. Competition between network and chain formation gives rise to a re-entrant phase behaviour with upper and lower critical points. The model with an additional van der Waals type of interaction may have a re-entrant phase diagram with three critical points and two separate regions of the liquid-gas phase coexistence. We analyze our results in terms of the fractions of the particles in different bonding states and conclude that re-entrant phase coexistence can be seen as a coexistence between a gas phase rich in chain ends and a liquid phase rich in branch points.
How linear is wall-bounded turbulence?
Authors: Jiménez Javier
Published: September 2013

The relevance of Orr's inviscid mechanism to the transient amplification of disturbances in shear flows is explored in the context of bursting in the logarithmic layer of wall-bounded turbulence. The linearized problem for the wall normal velocity is first solved in the limit of small viscosity for a uniform shear and for a channel with turbulent-like profile, and compared with the quasiperiodic bursting of fully turbulent simulations in boxes designed to be minimal for the logarithmic layer. Many properties, such as time and length scales, energy fluxes between components, and inclination angles, agree well between the two systems. However, once advection by the mean flow is subtracted, the directly computed linear component of the turbulent acceleration is found to be a small part of the total. The temporal correlations of the different quantities in turbulent bursts imply that the classical model, in which the wall-normal velocities are generated by the breakdown of the streamwise-velocity streaks, is a better explanation than the purely autonomous growth of linearized bursts. It is argued that the best way to reconcile both lines of evidence is that the disturbances produced by the streak breakdown are amplified by an Orr-like transient process drawing energy directly from the mean shear, rather than from the velocity gradients of the nonlinear streak. This, for example, obviates the problem of why the cross-stream velocities do not decay once the streak has broken down.
Germanium doping of self-assembled GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Schörmann Jörg , Hille Pascal , Schäfer Markus , Müßener Jan , Becker Pascal , Klar Peter J. , Kleine-Boymann Matthias , Rohnke Marcus , de la Mata Maria , Arbiol Jordi , Hofmann Detlev M. , Teubert Jörg , Eickhoff Martin
Published: September 2013

Germanium doping of GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates is studied. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal a constant Ge-concentration along the growth axis. A linear relationship between the applied Ge-flux and the resulting ensemble Ge-concentration with a maximum content of 3.3×1020 cm−3 is extracted from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements and confirmed by a systematic increase of the conductivity with Ge-concentration in single nanowire measurements. Photoluminescence analysis of nanowire ensembles and single nanowires reveals an exciton localization energy of 9.5 meV at the neutral Ge-donor. A Ge-related emission band at energies above 3.475 eV is found that is assigned to a Burstein-Moss shift of the excitonic emission.