bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Analysis of Ice-cream Sold in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Thapa Krishtina , Shrestha Sonu
Published: October 2014

Different types of ice cream samples were collected from three different local vendors of Kathmandu (i.e. Samakhusi, Jawalakhel and Chabahil) for the microbial examination. Study explored that the ice cream samples from Chabahil showed the presence of highest number of mesophilic microorganisms with an average of 2.16×107 CFU/ml and 27.4 CFU/100ml of Coliform followed by samples collected from Jawalakhel and Samakhusi. The samples have been found to be contaminated with Coliforms (Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp.), Salmonella (Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella enteritidis), Shigella (Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae) and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings indicated that not only the unhygienic practices of handling by the vendors but also the carelessness of manufacturers during processing of ice creams. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10615   J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (90-92), 2012
Making Clinical Case-Based Learning in Veterinary Medicine Visible: Analysis of Collaborative Concept-Mapping Processes and Reflections
Authors: Khosa Deep K. , Volet Simone E. , Bolton John R.
Published: October 2014

The value of collaborative concept mapping in assisting students to develop an understanding of complex concepts across a broad range of basic and applied science subjects is well documented. Less is known about students' learning processes that occur during the construction of a concept map, especially in the context of clinical cases in veterinary medicine. This study investigated the unfolding collaborative learning processes that took place in real-time concept mapping of a clinical case by veterinary medical students and explored students' and their teacher's reflections on the value of this activity. This study had two parts. The first part investigated the cognitive and metacognitive learning processes of two groups of students who displayed divergent learning outcomes in a concept mapping task. Meaningful group differences were found in their level of learning engagement in terms of the extent to which they spent time understanding and co-constructing knowledge along with completing the task at hand. The second part explored students' and their teacher's views on the value of concept mapping as a learning and teaching tool. The students' and their teacher's perceptions revealed congruent and contrasting notions about the usefulness of concept mapping. The relevance of concept mapping to clinical case-based learning in veterinary medicine is discussed, along with directions for future research.
Decreased incidence of venous thromboembolism after spine surgery with early multimodal prophylaxis
Authors: Cox J. Bridger , Weaver Kristin J. , Neal Daniel W. , Jacob R. Patrick , Hoh Daniel J.
Published: October 2014

Object

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a significant complication after spine surgery, with reported rates as high as 2%–4%. Published institutional practices for VTE prophylaxis are highly variable. In 2008, the authors implemented a departmental protocol for early VTE prophylaxis consisting of combined compressive devices and subcutaneous heparin initiated either preoperatively or on the same day of surgery. In this study, the authors compared the incidence of VTE in spine surgery patients before and after implementing this protocol.

Methods

An institutional review board–approved retrospective review of outcomes in patients undergoing spine surgery 2 years before protocol implementation (representing the preprotocol group) and of outcomes in patients treated 2 years thereafter (the postprotocol group) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were that patients were 18 years or older and had been admitted for 1 or more days. Before 2008 (preprotocol), VTE prophylaxis was variable and provider dependent without any uniform protocol. Since 2008 (postprotocol), a new VTE-prophylaxis protocol was administered, starting either preoperatively or on the same day of surgery and continuing throughout hospitalization. The new protocol consisted of 5000 U heparin administered subcutaneously 3 times daily, except in patients older than 75 years or weighing less than 50 kg, who received this dose twice daily. All patients also received sequential compression devices (SCDs). The incidence of VTE in the 2 protocol phases was identified by codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE). Bleeding complications arising from anticoagulation treatments were evaluated by the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for postoperative epidural hematoma (EDH) requiring evacuation.

Results

In total, 941 patients in the preprotocol group met the inclusion criteria: 25 had DVT (2.7%), 6 had PE (0.6%), and 6 had postoperative EDH (0.6%). In the postprotocol group, 992 patients met the criteria: 10 had DVT (1.0%), 5 had PE (0.5%), and 4 had postoperative EDH (0.4%). This reduction in DVT after the protocol's implementation was statistically significant (p = 0.009). Despite early aggressive prophylaxis, the incidence of postoperative EDH did not increase and compared favorably to the published literature.

Conclusions

At a high-volume tertiary center, an aggressive protocol for early VTE prophylaxis after spine surgery decreases VTE incidence without increasing morbidity.
Maidstone's woodpecker – an unexpected bird specimen in the herbarium of Sir Hans Sloane
Authors: Jarvis Charles E. , Cooper Joanne H.
Published: October 2014

It had long been believed that none of the bird, egg or nest specimens that had been in the collection of Sir Hans Sloane at his death in 1753 had survived. However, a specimen of a rhinoceros hornbill, originally in Sloane's hands, was discovered in the Natural History Museum's collections in London in 2003, and three more Sloane hornbill specimens have subsequently come to light. In addition, we report here a most unexpected discovery, that of the head of a woodpecker among the pages of one of Sloane's bound volumes of pressed plants. The context suggests that the head, like its associated plant specimens, was probably collected in south-east Asia about 1698–1699 by Nathanael Maidstone, an East India Company trader, the material reaching Sloane via William Courten after the latter's death in 1702. A detailed description of the head is provided, along with observations on its identity and possible provenance.
Squirrels from the Mariana Islands (south-western Pacific) in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, with notes on the mammalian fauna of this Micronesian archipelago
Authors: Masseti Marco , Van Der Mije Steven
Published: October 2014

Two mounted skins of squirrels allegedly originating from the Mariana islands, Micronesia (south western Pacific Ocean) are held in the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. They may have been collected in the course of a French scientific expedition, commanded by Louis-Claude De Saulses de Freycinet, in 1819. This paper discusses the identifies of the two specimens, their place in the list of mammals recorded from the Mariana Islands, and reflects on the origins of the Mariana Islands' mammalian fauna.
Clemente Onelli's sketch map and his first-hand, retrospective account of an early fossil-hunting expedition along the Río Santa Cruz, southern Patagonia, 1888–1889
Authors: Brinkman P. D. , Vizcaíno S. F.
Published: October 2014

A 1922 letter from Clemente Onelli to North American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs, found at Chicago's Field Museum, is one of only a few known first-hand accounts of the former's participation on a fossil hunting expedition along the Río Santa Cruz, southern Patagonia, 1888–1889. Onelli and his companions, who were sent to Patagonia by Francisco P. Moreno, director of the Museo de La Plata, were among the first to collect fossil mammals at this important locality. Moreno had first discovered fossil mammals there in 1876–1877. He then sent Carlos Ameghino, who worked as an assistant preparator of palaeontology at the museum, to revisit his discoveries in January 1887. Ameghino later lost his position at the museum over a dispute between his brother, paleontologist Florentino Ameghino, and the director, in March 1889. Onelli, who had only been associated with the Museo de La Plata for a few short months, was asked by Moreno to accompany a new expedition outfitted in 1888–1889. In December 1922, Riggs travelled to South America to make a representative collection of the fossil mammals of Argentina and Bolivia. Learning of his arrival in Buenos Aires, Onelli wrote him a letter, in Spanish, providing detailed information about fossil localities along the Río Santa Cruz. This letter, translated here, along with the accompanying sketch map, provides previously unknown details about Onelli's itinerary and his observations.
A review of nineteenth-century records of Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens)
Authors: Waller G. N. H.
Published: October 2014

Data on 27 mesoplodont whales are compiled from the original nineteenth century published records from Britain, Ireland, Europe and the United States. These data comprise the type specimen of Sowerby's beaked whale ( Mesoplodon bidens) and 26 other records, all referred to the taxon M. bidens. Records may include the following information: specimen total length, sex, date of discovery and the locality, pigmentation pattern, external morphology, osteology and soft-tissue anatomy. This information is summarized here from the original descriptions. Only a handful of these specimens was externally complete when described at first hand.
Trends in Upstream and Downstream Process Development for Antibody Manufacturing
Authors: Gronemeyer Petra , Ditz Reinhard , Strube Jochen
Published: October 2014

A steady increase of product titers and the corresponding change in impurity composition represent a challenge for development and optimization of antibody production processes. Additionally, increasing demands on product quality result in higher complexity of processes and analytics, thereby increasing the costs for product work-up. Concentration and composition of impurities are critical for efficient process development. These impurities can show significant variations, which primarily depend on culture conditions. They have a major impact on the work-up strategy and costs. The resulting “bottleneck” in downstream processing requires new optimization, technology and development approaches. These include the optimization and adaptation of existing unit operations respective to the new separation task, the assessment of alternative separation technologies and the search for new methods in process development. This review presents an overview of existing methods for process optimization and integration and indicates new approaches for future developments.
The Role of Play in Children’s Palliative Care
Authors: Boucher Sue , Downing Julia , Shemilt Rise
Published: October 2014

Play is the universal language of childhood and the time and opportunity to play is every child’s right. The role of play as a vehicle for communication, a tool for distraction and its value in the holistic development of a normal child is without dispute. The role and value of play increase proportionately when a child is made more vulnerable through illness or disability. Despite this, providing time and opportunities to play can be overlooked or considered to be of little importance or relevance when the focus of the adult carers is the amelioration of clinical symptoms of the illness and on lessening the psychological impact the illness may have on the child. This paper outlines the role and the value of play as an integral component in the provision of palliative care for children with chronic, life-threatening and life-limiting conditions. It will show how providing appropriate equipment, sufficient time and relevant play opportunities not only improves the very sick child’s psychological wellbeing, but also allows the child to cast aside the confines and restrictions imposed upon them by their illness and for a few golden moments to be nothing more than a child at play.
Atrazine Affects Phosphoprotein and Protein Expression in MCF-10A Human Breast Epithelial Cells
Authors: Huang Peixin , Yang John , Song Qisheng
Published: October 2014

Atrazine, a member of the 2-chloro-s-triazine family of herbicides, is the most widely used pesticide in the world and often detected in agriculture watersheds. Although it was generally considered as an endocrine disruptor, posing a potential threat to human health, the molecular mechanisms of atrazine effects remain unclear. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we identified a panel of differentially expressed phosphoproteins and total proteins in human breast epithelial MCF-10A cells after being exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine. Atrazine treatments for 6 h resulted in differential expression of 4 phosphoproteins and 8 total-proteins as compared to the control cells (>1.5-fold, p < 0.05). MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins belong to various cellular compartments (nucleus, cytosol, membrane) and varied in function, including those regulating the stress response such as peroxiredoxin I, HSP70 and HSP27; structural proteins such as tropomyosin and profilin 1; and oncogenesis proteins such as ANP32A. Six of the 12 identified proteins were verified by quantitative PCR for their transcript levels. The most up-regulated phosphoprotein by atrazine treatment, ANP32A, was further analyzed for its expression, distribution and cellular localization using Western blot and immunocytochemical approaches. The results revealed that ANP32 expression after atrazine treatment increased dose and time dependently and was primarily located in the nucleus. This study may provide new evidence on the potential toxicity of atrazine in human cells.
Drying of Pigment-Cellulose Nanofibril Substrates
Authors: Timofeev Oleg , Torvinen Katariina , Sievänen Jenni , Kaljunen Timo , Kouko Jarmo , Ketoja Jukka
Published: October 2014

A new substrate containing cellulose nanofibrils and inorganic pigment particles has been developed for printed electronics applications. The studied composite structure contains 80% fillers and is mechanically stable and flexible. Before drying, the solids content can be as low as 20% due to the high water binding capacity of the cellulose nanofibrils. We have studied several drying methods and their effects on the substrate properties. The aim is to achieve a tight, smooth surface keeping the drying efficiency simultaneously at a high level. The methods studied include: (1) drying on a hot metal surface; (2) air impingement drying; and (3) hot pressing. Somewhat surprisingly, drying rates measured for the pigment-cellulose nanofibril substrates were quite similar to those for the reference board sheets. Very high dewatering rates were observed for the hot pressing at high moisture contents. The drying method had significant effects on the final substrate properties, especially on short-range surface smoothness. The best smoothness was obtained with a combination of impingement and contact drying. The mechanical properties of the sheets were also affected by the drying method and associated temperature.
Prion Protein-Specific Antibodies-Development, Modes of Action and Therapeutics Application
Authors: Rovis Tihana , Legname Giuseppe
Published: October 2014

Prion diseases or Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) are lethal neurodegenerative disorders involving the misfolding of the host encoded cellular prion protein, PrPC. This physiological form of the protein is expressed throughout the body, and it reaches the highest levels in the central nervous system where the pathology occurs. The conversion into the pathogenic isoform denoted as prion or PrPSc is the key event in prion disorders. Prominent candidates for the treatment of prion diseases are antibodies and their derivatives. Anti-PrPC antibodies are able to clear PrPSc from cell culture of infected cells. Furthermore, application of anti-PrPC antibodies suppresses prion replication in experimental animal models. Major drawbacks of immunotherapy are immune tolerance, the risks of neurotoxic side effects, limited ability of compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier and their unfavorable pharmacokinetic. The focus of this review is to recapitulate the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms for antibody mediated anti-prion activity. Although relevant for designing immunotherapeutic tools, the characterization of key antibody parameters shaping the molecular mechanism of the PrPC to PrPSc conversion remains elusive. Moreover, this review illustrates the various attempts towards the development of anti-PrP antibody compounds and discusses therapeutic candidates that modulate PrP expression.
Nitritation and N2O Emission in a Denitrification and Nitrification Two-Sludge System Treating High Ammonium Containing Wastewater
Authors: Wu Guangxue , Zheng Derui , Xing Lizhen
Published: October 2014

The effective management of high ammonium containing wastewater is important for the sustainable development of the wastewater industry. A pre-denitrification and post-nitrification two-sludge system was proposed to treat high ammonium containing wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios. In the system, pre-denitrification was adopted to use organic carbon in raw wastewater efficiently for nitrogen removal, while post-nitrification was adopted to achieve nitritation. System performance and the characteristics of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission were examined. As to the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) concentration, both 800 mg/L, nitrogen removal was mainly through pre-denitrification, and the nitrogen removal percentage was 43.4%. In post-nitrification, nitritation was achieved with a nitrite accumulation efficiency of 97.8% and a NH4-N removal loading rate of 0.45 g/(L·d). With nitrite as the electron acceptor during denitrification, its removal rate increased, while the N2O emission factor decreased with increasing C/N ratios. Nitrification was affected significantly by the aeration rate. When the aeration rate was below 0.6 L/min, the NH4-N removal rate increased, while the N2O emission rate decreased with increasing aeration rates. However, when the aeration rate was above 0.6 L/min, it had little influence on N2O emission. During nitrification, N2O emission factors decreased exponentially with increasing ammonium oxidation rates.
Citation Analysis in Health Care Sciences
Authors: Rigby M.
Published: October 2014

Background: Citations of scientific papers in health care have become a subject of interest, as in any scientific sector. However, such a metric, while useful in a simple way, can become subject to too much credibility, and therefore to advanced analyses which are not soundly grounded even if methodologically valid.

Objectives: The objective was to contextual-ise citation indices in health care science, juxtaposed with a parallel analytic paper.

Methods: The literature was reviewed and set against the objectives of metrics of literature and of researchers.

Results: The strengths and weaknesses of citation indices in the health sector were identified, with practical examples of perverse effects, and compared with the core objectives of health care development.

Conclusions: Citation indices in health care science have a value, but this is limited to giving a broad overview. Other measures of effectiveness, including impact on education, on health care development, and on stimulation of applied developments, are needed rather than spuriously scientific advanced analyses of citation counts.
HOW TO CREATE INDICES FOR BANK BRANCH FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT USING MCDA TECHNIQUES: AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
Authors: Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Santos Sérgio P. , Santos Paulo M. M. , Spahr Ronald W.
Published: October 2014

Most banks have been negatively affected by the recent economic recession, which has forced them to evaluate their operating performance including the financial performance of bank branches. Approaches that have been applied to address the financial performance evaluation of bank branches include: optimization techniques, simulations, stochastic tools, fuzzy logics and decision support systems. Although recent improvements have been made in assessing financial performance, the potential for significant further improvement remains since the recent world economic crisis is adding pressure on business margins. The purpose of this paper is to construct an exemplificative evaluation index for bank branch financial performance by integrating cognitive maps with measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique. We aim to apply this methodology constructively to serve as a learning mechanism and introduce transparency in the decision making process. Practical applications, strengths and weaknesses of the proposed evaluation index are also discussed.
SUPPLIER SELECTION USING A HYBRID MODEL FOR 3C INDUSTRY
Authors: Chen Kwo-Liang , Yeh Ching-Chiang , Huang Jo-Chen
Published: October 2014

Supplier selection is a good strategy for firms that can reduce operating costs and improve competitiveness for computer, communication and consumer electronics (3C) industry. The major aim of this research is to build a systematic approach for establishing a supplier selection model, and then prioritize improvement criteria in order to best supply chain management. The study proposed a hybrid approach by using the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method to deal with the interrelationship among criteria, and the analytic network process (ANP) method is employed to recognize the criteria of supplier selection and evaluate with respect to environmental competency for the case of Taiwan's 3C industry. The study shows that the proposed model could be an effective and efficient decision-making tool that can be easily extended to other contexts. Especially, it has provided decision-makers and researchers with better understanding of the differences in supplier selection activity needs and specific management interventions by examining these criteria.
La mémoire de quelqu'un d'autre, quatre ou cinq moments
Authors: Mouchard Claude
Published: October 2014

Trois « mémoires » sont évoquées dans leurs constitutions respectives (pour être, dans cette juxtaposition, rendues à leurs énigmes propres). Celle de l’auteur des Récits de la Kolyma de Varlam Chalamov. Celle d’une paysanne solitaire après la disparition de son fils résistant en 1944 à Dachau. Celle d’un homme ayant fui le Darfour pour se retrouver, en 2007, clandestin en France.
Aventures de trois Russes et de trois Anglais dans l'Afrique australe . Les enjeux de la chasse chez Jules Verne
Authors: Guillaume Isabelle
Published: October 2014

Aventures de trois Russes et de trois Anglais dans l’Afrique australe (1872) est construit comme un récit de voyage fictif sur les traces de Livingstone et comme un roman scientifique qui retrace le calcul d’un méridien terrestre. Il se lit aussi comme une grande partie de chasse au gibier africain. Les ressources didactiques et romanesques du thème, l’inspiration puisée dans des succès éditoriaux signés par des chasseurs (Baldwin et Cumming notamment) ne suffisent pas à expliquer ce parti pris d’un romancier qui a déclaré qu’il « n’aime pas les chasseurs ». Chasses africaines et armement européen traduisent l’ambiguïté de Verne à l’égard du modèle occidental qui progresse alors sur le globe. Ils reflètent aussi l’évolution d’un écrivain qui déconstruit ici le roman colonial dont il a lui-même lancé la vogue avec Cinq semaines en ballon .
adoption : une étroite bienveillance
Authors: Grelet Stany
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec un bureau de l’adoption
la santé séparée
Authors: Grelet Stany , Lalande Aude
Published: October 2014

Résumé le métier de médecin-inspecteur de santé publique
Il gommone : un dispositif de désobéissance civile
Authors: Tijou Brigitte , Prieur Ludovic
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le 29 janvier dernier, Il gommone et les 20 000 manifestants réunis à Milan ont réussi à obtenir la fermeture du centre de rétention de la Via Corelli, le plus grand centre d’Italie du Nord. La stratégie fut relativement simple : il fallait réussir à entrer à l’intérieur du centre de rétention avec des médias, pour rendre ainsi publique l’existence de ces camps, obtenir rapidement la fermeture du centre lombard, afin de poursuivre la bataille pour la fermeture de tous les centres de rétention. La (...)
« on veut aller où ? »
Authors: Mangeot Philippe , Renouard Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec Claire Villiers
mouvements d'anémone
Authors: Chottin Ariane
Published: October 2014

Résumé Klein disait à Linnæus : « Supposez que l’on donne du poil au lézard, ce sera une belette. » C’est une erreur. Cuvier, Histoire des sciences naturelles. L’été aux champs. Miroitent des étoiles, des ophiures, des oursins aux armures globuleuses, des holothuries couvertes de papilles colorées ; limaces et lièvres de mer se déplacent lentement ; les jupons translucides des méduses s’évasent et se retroussent. Posés aux fonds sableux, gorgones cramoisies, vérétilles, fouets et coraux tendent leurs branches (...)
Ka, Djed, Djed II
Authors: Nancy Hélène
Published: October 2014

Résumé pour Fat, Sa, Ja, Ma (Ka) Égypte, Hikuptah : le palais du ka de Ptah. Momie tête rasée, Ptah. Thot est sa langue : r gr.(w) n mdw.n=f Hathor, Mout, elle vient étant grande, Iousaâs, un scarabée sur la tête. L’autre, Seshat, sa tête, nul n’en sait le secret. Kefthernébès face à son seigneur dans la nécropole de Thèbes qui a existé avant tout autre lieu. Colonnes palmi, papyri, lotiformes. Cobra, taureau dans les étoiles, hippopotame gras à la poitrine humaine, Ti le chasse au harpon . Celui-là (...)
Salvage of Failed Total Hip Arthroplasty With Proximal Femoral Replacement
Authors: Savvidou Olga D. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Sakellariou Vasilios , Christogiannis Ioannis , Vottis Christos , Christodoulou Michael , Vlasis Konstantinos , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: October 2014

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Identify the available types of reconstruction for failed total hip arthroplasty.

2.

Summarize the preoperative workup of patients with failed total hip arthroplasty and massive proximal femoral bone loss.

3.

Assess the surgical technique of proximal femoral replacement for failed total hip arthroplasty.

4.

Recognize treatment complications, patient outcomes, and survival of proximal femoral megaprostheses for revision of failed total hip arthroplasty.

Despite recent advances in device manufacturing and surgical techniques, the management of proximal femoral bone loss in revision total hip arthroplasty remains challenging. Currently, failed total hip arthroplasty in elderly and less active patients, nonunion of the proximal femur with multiple failed attempts at osteosynthesis, resection arthroplasty, and massive proximal femoral bone loss can be salvaged with proximal femoral replacement using a megaprosthesis. The procedure is technically demanding and requires careful preoperative planning. Instability and aseptic loosening are the major complications, especially in younger and more active patients. The new generation of modular proximal femoral replacement megaprostheses and the increased experience obtained with these surgeries have reduced complication rates and improved outcomes. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(10):691–698.]
Outcomes and Cost of Care for Patients With Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Farner Scott , Malkani Arthur , Lau Edmund , Day Judd , Ochoa Jorge , Ong Kevin
Published: October 2014

This study was designed to evaluate treatment patterns in open treatment and percutaneous fixation of distal radius fractures, compare morbidity rates for the 2 types of treatment, and compare costs associated with the procedure and treatment of complications up to 1 year after surgery. From a 5% sample of nationwide Medicare claims records (1997–2009), patients with distal radius fractures were identified withInternational Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification(ICD-9-CM), codes. Patients who underwent percutaneous fixation and open treatment were tracked with appropriate Current Procedural Terminology codes. Complications were identified at 3 and 12 months. Medicare charges and payments associated with the treatment groups were compiled from the claims data. The rate of surgical treatment increased from 44.7 to 82.0 surgeries per 100,000 persons (+83.0%) over the study period. A total of 9343 procedures met the inclusion criteria between 1998 and 2008. The proportion of open treatment procedures increased from 25.5% in 1998 to 73.4% in 2008. Percutaneous fixation was associated with lower adjusted risk of carpal tunnel syndrome and release and mononeuritis at 3 and 12 months. The percutaneous fixation group had lower adjusted risk of malunion/nonunion at 3 months and tendon rupture at 12 months. Average charges were lower in the percutaneous fixation group for the index operation as well as for treatment of morbidities at 3 and 12 months. The operative fixation rate for distal radius fractures in the Medicare population continues to rise, with a significant trend toward open fixation. Charges and payments associated with open treatment are significantly higher than those for percutaneous fixation.
Primary Tuberculosis of the Clavicle
Authors: Prakash Jatin , Aggarwal Shilpi , Mehtani Anil
Published: October 2014

Tuberculosis of the clavicle is a rare lesion, accounting for less than 1% of all osteoarticular tuberculosis. The lesion has been described in a few case reports. The lesion can have a varied presentation, ranging from dull, aching pain to bony swelling and a draining sinus. The rarity of the lesion, its nonspecific symptoms, and its striking resemblance to common cystic conditions such as bone tumors and metabolic conditions such as rickets make diagnosis difficult. The authors describe a series of 17 patients with primary tuberculosis of the clavicle. Radiographs and magnetic resonance images were obtained for all patients, and a preliminary diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features and the results of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and Mantoux tests. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was uniformly elevated. Radiographs showed diffused thickening and honeycombing, eccentric expansile lytic lesions with surrounding osteopenia, or sequestration not unlike pyogenic infection. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for determining the extent of the lesion and soft tissue involvement. The radiological and laboratory findings provided complementary information. The diagnosis was confirmed on biopsy material that was analyzed with histopathology, pus culture and sensitivities, gram stain, acid-fast stain, and cultures on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Patients were treated with multidrug antitubercular chemotherapy for 18 months and were assessed on pre- and posttreatment radiology, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale. The results of conservative management of tubercular osteomyelitis were uniformly good, and all patients recovered well.
Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy: Aggregate Recommendations From High-volume Hip Arthroscopy Centers
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , Stake Christine E. , Finch Nathan A. , Cramer T. Luke
Published: October 2014

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique often performed in athletes who want an expeditious return to sport. To the authors’ knowledge, no studies in the literature provide a time frame or criteria for return to sport after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to develop an aggregate recommendation for return to sport after hip arthroscopy based on data assimilated from high-volume hip arthroscopy centers. Twenty-seven orthopedic surgeons from high-volume hip arthroscopy centers completed a survey regarding return to sport after hip arthroscopy. The questionnaire asked surgeons to give a time frame for return to sport and to choose meaningful criteria that an athlete must meet prior to return to sport. Surgeons were asked to categorize various common sports as high, medium, or low risk with regard to the hip. The aggregate results were used to create standardized recommendations for time, criteria, and risk for return to competitive sports. Regarding time frame for return to sport, 70% of surgeons recommended 12 to 20 weeks. In addressing criteria for return to sport, 85% of surgeons recommended that patients need to be able to reproduce all motions involved in their sport without pain. A majority of surgeons recommended criteria of pain-free running, jumping, lateral agility drills, and single-leg squats. Finally, surgeons categorized sports requiring the most movement and impact of the hip joint (football, basketball, wrestling, and martial arts) as high-risk sports. Sports with less impact on the hip, such as golf, were ranked as low risk.
Surgical Treatment of Extra-articular or Simple Intra-articular Distal Tibial Fractures: MIPO Versus Supercutaneous Plating
Authors: He Xianfeng , Zhang Jingwei , Li Ming , Yu Yihui , Zhu Limei
Published: October 2014

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) has become a widely accepted technique to treat distal tibial fractures. Recently, the novel application of a locking plate used as an external fixator (supercutaneous plating) was introduced for the management of open fractures and infected nonunions and even as an adjunct in distraction osteogenesis, which is considered another less invasive method. The aim of this study was to compare the results of supercutaneous plating with closed reduction and minimally invasive plating in the treatment of distal tibial fractures. Forty-eight matched patients were divided according to age, sex, Injury Severity Score, and fracture pattern into the MIPO group and the supercutaneous plating group. Minimum follow-up was 12 months (mean, 18.5 months; range, 12–26 months). No patient had nonunion, hardware breakdown, or deep infection. Patients in the supercutaneous plating group had a significantly shorter mean operative time (65.6±13.2 vs 85.9±14.0 minutes;
P
=.000), hospital stay (7.5±2.0 vs 13.0±4.4 days;
P
=.000), and union time (15.2±2.4 vs 17.0±2.8 weeks;
P
=.000). In the MIPO group, 15 (62.5%) patients reported implant impingement or discomfort and there was 1 incidence of stripping of 15.6% at the time of locking screw removal, whereas in the supercutaneous plating group, no patient reported skin irritation, and removal of the supercutaneous plate was easily performed in clinic without anesthesia. Distal tibial fractures may be treated successfully with MIPO or supercutaneous plating. However, the supercutaneous plating technique may represent a superior surgical option because it offers advantages in terms of mean operative time, hospital stay, and union time; skin irritation; and implant removal.
Bilateral Mobile Thoracolithiasis
Authors: Bhayana Rajesh , Chen Yingming Amy , Deva Djeven Parameshvara
Published: October 2014

Thoracolithiasis is the presence of one or more freely mobile pleural stones (with or without calcification) in the pleural space.  They occur with a reported incidence of less than 0.1% and are benign and do not require intervention. Historically, they have led to unnecessary interventions - something unlikely in the era of multidetector computed tomography (CT). Thoracolithiasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of a single or multiple, mobile peripheral pulmonary nodules. Here, we review the imaging characteristics of a rare case of bilateral mobile thoracolithiasis.
Con « m » de « mamá » : las militantes comunistas y la Unión de Mujeres Argentinas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Casola Natalia
Published: October 2014

Cet article analyse la politique qu’adopte le Parti Communiste Argentin à l’égard des femmes, au cours d’une période située entre la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la fin de la dictature militaire en 1983. L’objectif est, dans un premier temps, d’étudier comment se traduisait la stratégie globale du parti sur la plan organisationnel, soit la dénommée « révolution démocratique » qui donna naissance à l’Union des Femmes Argentines (UMA) ; Dans un second temps, il s’agit d’examiner quels sont les modèles de genre reproduits par l’organisation et quelles étaient les subjectivités militantes qu’elle générait, en particulier dans les années 1960 et 1970, période de forte radicalisation de la gauche Argentine.
Catastrophes au Japon et complexité des relations homme/nature. De l’apport de la médiance…
Authors: Lagane Jean
Published: October 2014

Cet article emprunte au géographe orientaliste Augustin Berque un ensemble d’analyses mésologiques sur les désastres environnementaux qui ont affecté la société japonaise. L’œuvre de Berque, inspirée du philosophe japonais Watsuji Tetsurô, démontre que les liens qui unissent le peuple japonais à la nature (shizen) et à leur milieu (fûdo) diffèrent de la conception dualiste occidentale. En d’autres termes, le milieu naturel au Japon renvoie, d’une part, au monde habité et anthropisé – l’écoumène – et, d’autre part, au monde inhabité, domaine de la grande nature et des divinités shintôistes (kami) – l’érème. Ainsi la perception que les Japonais ont de la nature est celle d’un sujet allant de soi et non celle, fréquemment répandue en Occident, d’un objet devant être dominé, héritage du naturalisme et de l’anthropocentrisme de la pensée moderne. Aussi la nature au Japon inspire-t-elle un fort sentiment de respect et infuse-t-elle maintes formes culturelles. De cette conception d’une nature comme allant de soi a découlé une conception de la modernisation du Japon (initiée à partir de 1868, première année de l’ère Meiji) et de l’idéologie du progrès comme une deuxième forme d’allant de soi. Or, peu à peu, les Japonais ont cessé de considérer le milieu comme une alliance pérenne et indissociable de la nature et de la culture, ce qui a entraîné une logique de forclusion de la nature de l’archipel et généré de la part des Japonais une attente, celle que la nature régule, voire contrecarre les excès de leur civilisation en proie aux enjeux de leur modernité non occidentale.
Towards Multiple 3D Bone Surface Identification and Reconstruction Using Few 2D X-Ray Images for Intraoperative Applications
Authors: Prakoonwit Simant
Published: October 2014

This article discusses a possible method to use a small number, e.g. 5, of conventional 2D X-ray images to reconstruct multiple 3D bone surfaces intraoperatively. Each bone's edge contours in X-ray images are automatically identified. Sparse 3D landmark points of each bone are automatically reconstructed by pairing the 2D X-ray images. The reconstructed landmark point distribution on a surface is approximately optimal covering main characteristics of the surface. A statistical shape model, dense point distribution model (DPDM), is then used to fit the reconstructed optimal landmarks vertices to reconstruct a full surface of each bone separately. The reconstructed surfaces can then be visualised and manipulated by surgeons or used by surgical robotic systems.
Soniferous Architecture
Authors: Ismail Mostafa Refat
Published: October 2014

“I call architecture frozen music” a quote by Johan Wolfgan von Goethe. It seems that his description of architecture will not be this much long lasting. Since many architectural structures now are considered soniferous. In an approach to rational the thinking of positive soundscape and move onwards in terms of systematic decision making, and creating tools for more creative planning techniques, this paper utilizes two methodologies in assessing soundscape impacts. One approach usually implemented in quality of manufacturing and product development, namely the Kano Model. The other approach deals with the case in the form of a wider scope which relates the design of the soundscape, and the effect of sound sculptures in objective terms. Due to the complexity of characterizing the soundscape, and its dependence on several of perceptual aspects and interventions, both models are mapped to form an evaluation tool for a specific sonic environment. It can be considered to be a complement along with previous frameworks that shed light on the emission of sound, and others on factors influencing the soundscape perception, or to be used as a tool for understanding and assessing individual responses and evaluation. In this case the importance of having a framework is to help evaluating the common effect of a successful intervention on the positive attributes of the soundscape.
Game-Based Learning
Authors: Leitão Rui , Rodrigues J.M.F. , Marcos Adérito Fernandes
Published: October 2014

In teaching, the use of virtual and augmented reality has been on the rise, exploring different means of interaction and student engagement. Based on constructivist pedagogic principles, augmented reality pretends to provide the learner/user with effective access to information through real-time immersive experiences. Game-based learning is one of the approaches that have received growing interest. This paper presents the development of a game in a teaching and learning context, aiming to help students acquire knowledge in the field of geometry. The game was intended to develop the following competences in primary school learners (8-10 years): a better visualization of geometric objects on a plane and in space; understanding of the properties of geometric solids; and familiarization with the vocabulary of geometry. The authors will show that by using the game students have improved around 35% the hits of correct responses to the classification and differentiation between edge, vertex and face in 3D solids.
Cooperative Cache Replacement Policy for MANETs
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Chauhan Naveen , Awasthi LK , Chand Narottam
Published: October 2014

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are autonomously structured multi-hop wireless links in peer to peer fashion without aid of any infrastructure network. In MANETs network topology is dynamic, as nodes are mobile. Due to this dynamic topology and multi-hop environment data availability in MANETs is low. Caching of frequently accessed data in ad hoc networks is a potential technique that can improve the data access, performance and availability. While caching the new data items, it is very important which data item is to be removed, as in MANETs the data is not stored only on behalf of caching node but interest of the vicinity is also considered. In this paper the authors presented a new cache replacement policy for MANETs. This policy is based on multi-parameter value called SAT. We simulate the proposed work on OMNET++ and the simulation results shows that proposed replacement policy helps to improve the data availability in network.
Managing Information for a Risk Based Approach to Stakeholder Management
Authors: Caron Franco , Salvatori Fulvio
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes a risk based approach in order to obtain a quantitative estimate of the salience of the stakeholders involved in a project. The integration between stakeholders and risk management processes in the Project Management System allows us to realize a twofold objective: a quantitative estimate of the salience of each stakeholder in terms of the contribution to the overall project riskiness and an identification of the most effective responses as a function of the dynamics of the risks generated by each stakeholder. The proposed approach has been applied to an international project concerning the building of a pipe line.
Enablers and Barriers of Knowledge Sharing for Offshore Outsource ISD Project
Authors: Solli-Sæther Hans , Karlsen Jan Terje
Published: October 2014

Many firms increase their flexibility and raise their information systems development (ISD) capacity by exploiting qualified personnel in low cost countries. Since ISD is a knowledge-intensive activity, knowledge sharing is particularly critical in an offshore outsourcing context. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of enablers and barriers to knowledge sharing in offshore ISD projects. This research is important, as there is a need to understand knowledge organizations case by case to develop effective and contingent strategies to increase knowledge sharing. The empirical data are based on a qualitative case study with in-depth interviews following a semi-structured approach. In this research we investigate a Norwegian based information systems service provider and their offshoring of ISD to Bangladesh. The paper contributes to understanding the role and specific challenges of knowledge sharing in offshoring ISD projects. The empirical results showed that structural as well as political, cultural and personal enablers play an essential role in facilitating knowledge sharing. The role of the Scrum methodology, in particular, with its daily Scrum meeting should be underlined because it enables coordination, communication and knowledge sharing between the parties. Additionally, several key barriers hindering knowledge sharing were discovered such as lack of direct personal interaction, time differences, poor infrastructure, cultural heterogeneity, and different personalities.
Investment Selection in Complex Multinational Projects
Authors: Strang Kenneth David
Published: October 2014

Project executives believe complex multinational investment selection is complicated because there are many criteria to evaluate and the decision-making theories are difficult to implement in practice. The 2008 global recession has forced companies to rebalance existing programs and products. Thus, project selection is not merely a go/no-go decision for a single project but instead it is a multiple-criteria factor analysis of multiple new proposals – and whether to continue existing projects. Different selection approaches can produce opposite outcomes when applied to the same situation. Qualitative techniques such as managerial preferences or Delphi consensus building are subjective. Objective quantitative methods such as Markov analysis, linear programming and search heuristics are grounded on rigorous calculus theory, but they produce a single result (not priorities). Also, quantitative techniques may omit important managerial insight. This study demonstrates how qualitative and quantitative selection techniques can be combined for complex multinational investment decision making at a Virginia-USA-based coal mine company that generates electricity.
Community Detection Approaches in Real World Networks
Authors: Wadhwa Pooja , Bhatia M.P.S
Published: October 2014

Online social networks have been continuously evolving and one of their prominent features is the evolution of communities which can be characterized as a group of people who share a common relationship among themselves. Earlier studies on social network analysis focused on static network structures rather than dynamic processes, however, with the passage of time, the networks have also evolved and the researchers have started to focus on the aspect of studying dynamic behavior of networks. This paper aims to present an overview of community detection approaches graduating from static community detection methods towards the methods to identify dynamic communities in networks. The authors also present a classification of the existing dynamic community detection algorithms along the dimension of studying the evolution as either a two-step approach comprising of community detection via static methods and then applying temporal dynamics or a unified approach which comprises of dynamic detection of communities along with their evolutionary characteristics.