bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Immobilized Fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Removal of Heavy-Metals from Wastewater
Authors: Huang Dan Lian , Zeng Guang Ming , Xu Piao , Lai Cui , Zhao Mei Hua , Huang Chao , Li Ning Jie , Zhang Chen , Li Fang Ling , Cheng Min
Published: September 2013

Immobilized microbe technologies are expected to be effectively used in wastewater treatment. Removal of heavy-metals from wastewater by immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Pc) with Ca-alginate and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied. The results showed that a biosorbent as Pc immobilized by Ca-alginate and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles was successfully developed. And the iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles played an important role in the increase of biosorption capacity of Pc. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis confirmed that metal ions adsorbed to the surface of the biosorbents were partly transmitted to the interior of biosorbents, mainly embedded with iron oxide nanoparticles and Ca-alginate. Moreover, it was found that MNPs-Ca-alginate immobilized Pc showed a good affinity to various heavy metals, such as Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) or Mg(II) and so on. The results proved the high efficiency of the biosorbents for heavy-metal removal and its potential application in the treatment of metal-containing wastewater.
Efficient Storage and Retrieval of XML Documents Using XQuery
Authors: Chiu Yu Bin , Chen Huei Huang , Liu Chu Yen , Chen Shih Chih , Hung Chung Wen
Published: September 2013

XML has already been the standard of data interchange on the Internet. Nowadays, a large amount of data is represented in XML format. However, most of the critical data in businesses are still stored in relational database management systems. It is difficult to query XML databases because of its textual format. This research intends to tackle this problem, and we proposed a system to manage XML documents that could be queried by the query language XQuery. XML documents are stored in relational format and the XQuery expressions are translated into appropriate SQL queries. The results of the SQL queries are transformed into XML documents. Comparing with LegoDB System, our system reduces processing time to search a relation configuration and proposes a better translating and executing technique which is more efficiently.
The Studies of Stability of Non-Interval Gray Verhulst Model
Authors: Fan Xian Sheng , Shi Xiao Chun
Published: September 2013

For the system analysis and design, the research of the stability of system model has always been the primary problem to considerate and solve, unstable system is actually not paid for use. Combining classic mathematical analysis and Lyapunov (Lyapunov) stability of the Criterion, we get the stability of the conclusions that its asymptotic stability only depend on development factor, regardless of the gray action and time interval .The research provide new ideas and methods for non-interval model stability studies.
A Novel Fault Tree Analysis Theory
Authors: Huang Yuan Liang , Zhong Jia Qi
Published: September 2013

A novel fault tree analysis theory is introduced for the ambiguity in complex systems. In the theory, the frequency grey number, which can express the events subjective ambiguity and objective ambiguity, is introduced to express the degree and probability that the components go wrong, dynamic envelope is applied to score the relation among components, and a new logic gate, Grey-gate, is advanced for expressing the effect of system reliability when the components go wrong. Finally, the theory is applied to analyze the fault effect of the system with software and hardware.
An EEG Investigation of the Impact of Noise on Attention
Authors: Tseng Li Ho , Cheng Ming Tai , Chen Shih Tsung , Hwang Jyi Faa , Chen Chia Ju , Chou Chia Yi
Published: September 2013

During the past two decades, most researchers employed a questionnaire to characterize the effect of noise on psychosomatic responses. Developments in physiological techniques offer a non-invasive method for recording brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG). This method for assessing the impact of noise on attention is growing in popularity. The aim of this study was to investigate brain activity changes in response to noise exposure during attention-demanding tasks by using EEG power and phase coherence estimation. We hypothesized that brain rhythms could be affected by environmental stimuli and would be reflected in the EEG power and phase coherence. Nineteen healthy right-handed university students (mean age = 21.5 ± 2.0 years) participated in this study. The experiment comprised recording EEG data for participants in the following steps: rest with eyes closed (< 50 dBA), rest with eyes open, listening in a noisy environment (85 dBA), performance on an attention-demanding task in a quiet environment (< 50 dBA), and performance on an attention-demanding task in a noisy environment (85 dBA). Significant differences were observed between stages, and the participants performed more effectively in the quiet environment, where they showed higher rates of correct responses (p <.05). From the assessment of the EEG power and phase coherence estimation, the study demonstrated the following: (1) Alpha-2 (10-13 Hz) power and phase coherence decreased when participants shifted from closed eyes to open eyes, while theta power increased. (2) In contrast, during the noise exposure phase, whether during an attention-demanding task or not, beta (13-30 Hz) phase coherence decreased in the brain, but theta phase coherence was not affected compared to the results in the quiet environment. We suggest that the high frequency of neural synchronization is relevant for cognitive performance, and that participants at risk for selective attention are affected by noise exposure.
Preparation of Poly (dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride - Acrylamide) via Inverse Microemulsion Polymerization Process
Authors: Wang Xiao Na , Yue Qin Yan
Published: September 2013

The inverse microemulsion copolymerization of poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide) (PDMDAAC-AM) has been studied using a blend of two surfactants Span-80 and OP-10 as the composite emulsifier in kerosene-water media. The effects of various polymerization parameters (e.g., polymerization method, reaction time, addition of electrolyte, oil-soluble initiator concentration and aqueous-to-oil phase volume ratio (A/O)) on the conversion and copolymer characteristics have been investigated. The optimum operating conditions for preparing (PDMDAAC-AM) were determined as reaction time 1h, HCOONa concentration 0.05% (w), AIBN concentration 0.045% (w), A/O 2/3 and semi-continuous process. Stable latex with high conversion (97.42%) and 267cm3/g intrinsic viscosity was obtained. In the semi-continuous process, the size distribution peak narrows along with the reaction process and the average diameter of the final product is 15.2 nm, which is significantly less than that prepared by one-time process.
Purchase Research on Supply Chain for EPC Project
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Wang Feng Shan , Zhou Ru Shan , Liu Bin
Published: September 2013

Procurement decides the quality of materials supply in the process of engineering development and it is the important link in EPC project. This paper shows the advantages of supply chain procurement through comparing and revealing the connotation and characteristics of supply chain procurement in EPC project. Moreover, making an integration and reconstruction of every part of EPC project procurement through adding supply management mode and building supply chain procurement management mode of EPC project which is proper for now and future development, there will be the significance for the practice of EPC project procurement management.
Keywords: EPC Project; Comparative Analysis; Supply Chain Management; Integration and Reconstruction; Supply Chain Procurement Management Mode
Sustainable Logistic of Raw Materials Used by a Zootechnical Firm. Focus on CO2 Emission Reduction through the Creation of a Local Suppliers Network
Authors: Ceppa Clara , Marino Gian Paolo
Published: September 2013

These are days in which words such as CO2 emissions, global warming, depletion of raw materials, climate change, etc. are terms that mean environmental and social concern to be solved for the whole world community. Nowadays, through a systemic planned management is luckily possible to improve, albeit in part, environmental criticisms in particular by acting on the efficiency of logistics flows of materials (input) of business processes. The positive benefits of systemic acting/thinking/designing are given substance thanks to a greater traceability of materials and packaging components and their suppliers, as well as a higher quality of the entire supply-chain and a significant reduction of CO2 emissions and logistics costs. The systemic methodology (here presented via a specific case study: an Italian zootechnical firm) promotes precisely this kind of management by creating new networks in which local companies/suppliers, geographically close one another, work together to achieve economic and environmental benefits both immediate and tangible. In the end, by putting into practice the systemic methodology, it is also fostered the best use of resources already on site and the promotion of the local economy by exploiting territorial potentialities.
A New Detector for Impulse Noise Removal
Authors: Liang Tian Shou , Zhou De Jian
Published: September 2013

This paper proposes a new detector for impulse noise filter on switch scheme. We construct the detector by using two kind of information: the closeness and volatility of intensities of local pixels. The simulation results of noise detecting with gray level images show that the proposed detector has a better performance than other detectors with high correct rate and low misjudgment for impulse noise.
Optimization Study Based on the Mileage-Saving Method of Oil Distribution
Authors: Zhu Min Jie , Zhang Jian Wei
Published: September 2013

In this paper,in view of the relationship between the distribution cost and the optimization path for oil distribution, based on the load limit of the vehicle scheduling, we tried to study the optimization path for oil distribution by the method of the mileage-saving.
Keywords: Oil Distribution, Distribution Path, Distribution Cost, Mileage-saving Method
Study of High-Density Zn-Doped Tungsten Trioxide Ceramic Targets
Authors: Xiao Chao , Zhang Zhong Jian , Gao Qing Qing , Liu Cun Qi , Shang Fu Liang , Yang Hai Tao
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with the preparation of zinc oxide doped tungsten oxide target by sintering in oxygenated flow atmosphere. The effect of the composition and the sintering conditions on the properties and microstructures of the targets has been studied. The optimal sintering conditions were found. The sintered zinc doped tungsten oxide ceramic target can achieve a relative density of 99.58%, a bending strength of 31.79MPa and a Vickers hardness of 349MPa.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Nanoscale Magnesium Hydroxide under Normal Pressure
Authors: Zheng Jun , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2013

In the present paper, nano-scale magnesium hydroxide has been prepared at low temperature via a wet chemical process using MgCl2· 6H2O (or Mg(NO3)2) and NaOH as the starting reagents under normal pressure. The fresh synthesized magnesium hydroxide nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electronic diffraction (SAED) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. Patterns of XRD and SAED exhibited that the products were high-quality hexagonal crystal system nanocrystals. Though the TEM pictures, large quantities of lamellar-like and needle-like magnesium hydroxide nanocrystals could be observed without obvious aggregation. Using the present method, high yield magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles would be produced without expensive equipments like the high temperature and high-pressure reactor.
Membrane Separation Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanorods
Authors: Zheng Jun , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2013

In the current paper, hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanorods have been synthesized via a precipitation method with membrane separation technique assisted. The reactants were Ca(NO3)2 ·4H2O, NH4H2PO4 and ammonia water. The synthesized HAP nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. Patterns of XRD exhibit that the products are indexed high-quality hexagonal crystal system nanocrystals. Though the TEM pictures, large quantities of HAP nanorods could be observed with a length of about 50-80nm and a diameter of about 10-20 nm. Preliminary study on the membrane based purifing process is also discussed by comparion the membrane of molecular weight cut-off 6000 to 10000. The resulting HAP nanorods have extensive use in biomedical area such as the bone graft substitute, drug delivery system, carrier for gene transfection, and etc.
Separation of Nickel in Manganese Sulfate Solution Soaked out from Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Pyrite and H2SO4
Authors: Zou Xing , Qiu Xiao Dan
Published: September 2013

The study on separation of nickel ions with S.D.D from six kinds of solutions or systems was conducted. One of six kinds of systems was prepared with the solution (called as original solution here) leached from pyrolusite with pyrite and H2SO4, and the other five kinds of systems were prepared with analytical reagents, they are respectively: a monophyletic system of NiSO4, two binary systems of MnSO4NiSO4 and (NH4)2SO4NiSO4, a ternary system of MnSO4(NH4)2SO4NiSO4, a pentanary system of MnSO4(NH4)2SO4NiSO4CoSO4ZnSO4. The experiments about reaction time and S.D.D dosage were conducted. Results showed that the equilibrium time of reactions for the prepared five systems were equally 10min at most, while 3h was needed at least for original solution under the conditions of low temperature and low stirring speed. The residual nickel ion concentrations of the six systems were different when the same multiples of S.D.D theory dosage of each system was used for separation of nickel ions, and the S.D.D dosages for the six systems needed to meet the requirement of electrolysis were also different.
Study on Magnetic Model and Magnetic Force of Magnetic Fluid in Pressure Difference Sensor
Authors: Hao Rui Can , Li De Cai , Yang Wen Ming , Liu Hua Gang
Published: September 2013

Magnetic fluid is the key core of magnetic fluid sensor. Here magnetic model of magnetic fluid is analyzed. The magnetic curve of magnetic fluid is divided into 3 parts and the liner area is presented to make magnetic fluid sensor more sensitively. The magnetic force of magnetic fluid in magnetic field is calculated and analyzed. The magnetic permeability of magnetic fluid in sensor could be treated as a constant in the linear area of magnetization curve. And the magnetic force of magnetic fluid in magnetic field could be ignored if the length to diameter ratio of the solenoid is large enough.
Effect of Excess Li2CO3 Addition on the Physical and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Chun Huy
Published: September 2013

In the present study, various quantities of Li2CO3 were added into Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5TiO3 (abbreviated as 0.82BNT-0.18BKT) ceramics. For 0.82BNT-0.18BKT ceramics, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the planar mode kp reaches 0.22 at the sintering of 1125 oC for 3 h. High-density samples were obtained through the addition of Li2CO3 into 0.82BNT-0.18BKT ceramics. It was found that 0.82BNT-0.18BKT with the addition of 0~0.9 wt.% Li2CO3 exhibit relatively good piezoelectric properties. For 0.82BNT-0.18BKT ceramics with the addition of 0.5 wt.% Li2CO3, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the planar mode kp reach 0.37 at the sintering of 1125oC for 3 h. To promote the kp value, by adding low quantities of Li2CO3 is a effective method for 0.82BNT-0.18BKT solid solution ceramic.
Researchon Frost-Resistant Durability of Recycled Concrete
Authors: Su Xiao Ning
Published: September 2013

In order to study the frost-resistant durability of recycled concrete, This test of freezing and thawing cycle were conducted to normal concrete specimens, recycled concrete specimens and include 2% LJ115 liquid anti-freezing mixture recycled concrete specimens respectively by quickly freezing method at±20±2°C. On the basis of this ,to the four kinds of specimens, analyse the mass loss rate and the dynamic modulus of elasticity.The result indicates that the frost-resistant durability of include antifreeze recycled concrete had improved greatly, even more than the normal concrete.
Experimental Research on the Characteristics of Bamboo Powder Model Sediment
Authors: Li Guo Bin , Song Dong Sheng , Xu Hui , Zhao Jian Feng
Published: September 2013

Physical characteristics (including unit weight, dry unit weight and submarine rest angle) and motion characteristics (including settlement characteristics, incipient velocity and resistance characteristics) of bamboo powder model sediment were studied by test in this paper. Experimental study on physical characteristics showed that particle size variation had little effect on unit weight, dry unit weight increased with the particle size,submarine rest angle increased with the decrease in particle size and an empirical formula for calculating submarine rest angle of bamboo powder model sediment was proposed. Experimental study on motion characteristics found that the single particle settling velocity of bamboo powder model sediment increased with particle size, the relative settling velocity initially increased and then decreased with sediment concentration, the incipient velocity increased with the particle size and water depth, the roughness decreased with water depth and increased with the flow velocity and an empirical formula for calculating the incipient velocity of bamboo powder model sediment is proposed.
A Method of Tool Breakage Detection in CNC High-Speed Milling
Authors: Gao Qi
Published: September 2013

Tool condition monitoring, mainly tool breakage detection for high-speed machining (HSM), is an important problem to solve; however, the techniques or types of sensors applied in other research projects present certain inconveniences. In order to improve tool breakage monitoring systems, a simple, effective, and fast method is presented herein. This method is based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and statistical methodologies. The effectiveness of the method is based on the measurements of the feed-motor current signals using inexpensive sensors. It is well-known that during the cutting process, the motor current is related to the tool condition.
Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Drag Reduction with Triangular Riblet Surface
Authors: Wei Zhi Guo , Li Yong , Ke Zhi Wu , Li Xian Ling
Published: September 2013

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation is adopted to analyze the drag reduction ability of triangular riblet on tube internal flow. The resistance characteristic of smooth tube and tube covered with triangular riblet surface are compared, and the near wall flow structure over smooth surface and riblet surface are investigated. Based on the simulation analysis, the drag reduction mechanism of riblet surface is studied. Results show that the characteristic dimension of riblet section, i.e., height (h) and width (w) are main factors affecting drag reduction, suggesting that the riblet structure can be optimized according to the actual application condition.
Design of Pressurized Vaulted Rectangular Conduits Using the Rough Model Method
Authors: Achour Bachir
Published: September 2013

A new theory is presented to design pressurized conduits, particularly vaulted rectangular conduit. This theory is based on a referential rough conduit model characterized by an arbitrarily assigned relative roughness taken in the fully turbulence flow regime. Thus, the geometric elements of the chosen model are well defined. These allow a direct determination of the required geometric elements of the conduit by the use of a non-dimensional correction factor. A practical example is presented to explain the procedure of calculation. Keywords: Rough Model Method, Pressurized conduit, Vaulted rectangular conduit, Turbulent flow, Discharge, Energy slope.
Numerical Simulation of Reinforcement Effect and Settlement of Concrete Pile Composite Foundation
Authors: Wang Dao Fang , Wang Xue Qing , Zhang Nan Tong , Chen Yan
Published: September 2013

The differential and large settlement may have a great effect on the construction and maintenance of highway. Based on the study of concrete pile composite foundation, the effect of concrete pile composite foundation on reinforcement and influence factors of settlement are analyzed in the paper. The effects of pile modulus and embankment modulus on settlement with numerical simulation method are analyzed in the paper. The result of numerical simulation method is that the settlement of embankment may be reduced with the method of concrete pile composite foundation and pile modulus may have a great effect and embankment modulus may have some effect on the settlement of embankment.
The Applied Research of Emulsified Heavy Fuel Oil Used for the Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Miao Yong Chao , Yu Chun Ling , Wang Bing Hui , Chen Kai
Published: September 2013

In order to achieve the application of emulsified fuel oil on the marine,our discussion group developed a set of heavy fuel oil intelligent online emulsifying equipment tested on G6300ZC18B diesel of the ship Ningda "6". And the experimental result shows that, when water mixing ratio ranged from 16% to 24%, emulsification reached good level to apply as marine fuel. When burning emulsified fuel oil, the explosive pressure of diesel engine fluctuated in the range of 1-2Mpa, the exhaust temperature decreased 12°Cand the outlet temperature of cooling water declined slightly, but all the parameters above are in the normal range. The oil consumption decreased by 9.7% and the emission of NOX ,carbon smoke ,and CO reduced by 19.6%,20%,35% respectively.
A Method for Determining Length of Freeway Work Zone Based on Classification of Service Level
Authors: Wu Ke Man , Zhong Lian De
Published: September 2013

based on the relationship between speed and density according to the classification criteria of freeway service level when the design speed is 80km/h in Highway capacity manual, the method of microscopic traffic flow simulation supported by VISSIM software is adopted, such that, in the situation the capacity and desired speed are guaranteed to be consistent with the reality, the proposed values of the length of work zone under different traffic composition and traffic volume are given in the condition that a 2-way-8-lane freeway is half closed for construction with 2-way-4-lane being left open for traffic.
Electrostatic Discharge Generator Circuit Model and its Simulation
Authors: Wang Jin Shan
Published: September 2013

According to the international electrotechnical commission issued IEC61000-4-2 testing standards, through the electrostatic discharge current waveform characteristics analysis and numerical experiment method, using exponential pulse signal and the damped sinusoidal signal to construct a new the ESD current expression. Using Laplace transform, established the ESD system mathematical model. According to the mathematical model, construct four-order circuit model of the ESD system, and the simulation is carried out. The simulation results meet the IEC61000-4-2 standard, and verify the consistency of the ESD current expression, the mathematical model and the circuit model.
Analysis and Discussion on Impact Factor to Asphalt Pavement Roughness of Airport
Authors: Shi Bao Hua , Zhang Ya Men , Sun Tao , Wang Yong Jie
Published: September 2013

According to requirement of operation safety and comfort of airplane on the asphalt pavement of airport, the cause incurring unevenness is discussed subject to aspects of inherent unevenness of pavement, unsatisfied construction equipment and process, repeated action of airplane load during utilization process, and long term action of natural factors, etc; aiming at the requirement on how to improve the airport construction quality and guarantee asphalt pavement roughness, and on the basis of engineering examples of bad roughness of asphalt runway, the roughness impact factors are discussed by three aspects as uneven settling of earth foundation, unstable base course, relaxed construction control of topping asphalt mixture, etc , so as to take control measures with pertinence at each stage of airport construction, to guarantee the excellent roughness of asphalt pavement.
The Possibility of Using Oxide Cathode Materials of Spent Lithium-Ion Power Batteries for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Fossil Fuel Plant
Authors: Zhao Guang Jin , Wu Wen Long , Guo Yang
Published: September 2013

Following during development of electric vehicles and other modern-life appliances, numerous lithium-ion batteries are fabricated and used every year, and their consumption is constantly expanding. However, the battery life of the lithium-ion batteries is about 3 to 5 years, and there are some hazardous and noxious substances in spent lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to recycling these spent batteries with some resourceful and environment friendly technology. In this work, we propose a novel technology of resourceful disposing and utilizing oxide cathode materials from spent power lithium-ion batteries, which is using the recovered compounds from spent lithium-ion batteries to capture carbon dioxide from fossil fuel plant. The detailed technical routes of laboratory scale test and bench scale test are also given in the work.
Effect of Cross Passage Construction on the Structural Safety of Collapse Reinforcement Segment of Existing Tunnel
Authors: Shen Kong Jian , Wan Shui , Zhang Xiao Chun
Published: September 2013

On the basis of the engineering background of cross passage construction in the Chen Yu Tunnel project, the collapse section above the intersection of the existing tunnel is selected to establish finite element model. Considering the effect of cross passage construction and the local weakening area of surrounding rock on the safety of existing tunnel structure, the strength of the shotcrete supporting structure of existing tunnel intersection is checked, and the security of the existing tunnel is evaluated. This research is of great practical significance and a certain reference value for the plan and design upon the construction of tunnel engineering.
Design and Stabilization Analysis of the Parabola-Type Assistance Characteristic of Electric Power Steering System
Authors: Geng Guo Qing
Published: September 2013

In order to realize the curve-type assistance characteristic of the electric power steering system , the parabola-type assistance characteristic is brought out, and realizing it by designing the electric power steering system which is controlled by computer. And then math model of computer control system is constructed, and adopting Z-transform to analysis the stabilization of the system. The result shows that computer control system can realize the curve-type assistance characteristic.
Study on Lateral Vibration Offsets of Speed Increased Freight Cars on the Tangent Track
Authors: Han Hui Shi , Han Mei , Wang Xiao Xia
Published: September 2013

According to the vehicle dynamics theory, the dynamics simulation models of single-vehicle NX70H flat marked loading capacity of 70t with K5 bogies and NX70 flat marked loading capacity of 70t with K6 bogies under certain loading and running conditions were established by SIMPACK, in order to discuss the change rules of the roll angles, the yaw angles, the lateral offsets and the maximum lateral vibration offsets. Based on the statistical analysis of data calculated by SIMPACK, the results of dynamics single-vehicle models of the two wagon types running on Chinese I and III grade railway lines respectively were compared. Simulation results show that the running speed, the line condition and the height distancing the rail surface all have a significant impact on the maximum lateral vibration offset.
Research on Valid Serve Life of Pavement Marking in Urban Area
Authors: Peng Lei , Su Wen Ying , Wang Zhen Hua
Published: September 2013

A two year study of evaluate the valid service life of durable pavement markings on urban roads was conducted in Beijing as a pilot field study of Chinese national transportation product evaluation program and minimum retro-reflectivity requirements standards and road maintenance standards. 34 pavement marking lines including edge line, arrow, skip line, crossing line and stop line were installed on expressway and intersection. Marking materials included thermoplastic with glass beads, preformed thermoplastic tape with glass beads and preformed rubber based pavement tape. Service life evaluation was base on minimum value of durability and retro-reflectivity. Retro-reflectivity attenuation varies at different locations (express way, intersection), different marking functions (e.g., skip line, edge line) and different materials (thermoplastic or tape). It was found the more accumulated traffic, the more loss of retro-reflectivity. The most loss of retro-reflectivity happens at stop lines, skip line and cross line are better, arrows are less, edge line is the best. Cleanliness factor are also considered, retro-reflectivity significantly rises after cleaned. A maintenance schedule for different markings was given in this paper. Stop line, skip line and crossing line are suggested to be replaced every 12 months; arrow and edge line are suggested to be replaced every 24 months with a special concern of cleanliness at urban area.
Optimization Design of Gasoline Engine Intake Based on CFD
Authors: Zhou Bin
Published: September 2013

This paper analyzed the structure of the intake about 65-gasoline engine, which take into account t of the shortcomings of the lack of intake, a new intake system was re-designed. And a numerical calculation was carried on about the air transport computation on the new system. The result indicated that the intake flow resistance to reduce greatly after the improvement, and the filling ratio has the distinct improvement. And a comparative test has carried. Also the experimental result indicated, the engines useful torsion increased and the fuel oil consumption rate reduces also after the optimization.
Study on Soft Foundation Settlement Analysis and Treatment of Bridge-Head
Authors: Zhao Hong Li , Hui Zhen Jiang , Lin Jie
Published: September 2013

In recent years, the construction of roads and bridges in China has been made remarkable achievements; the construction quality and road performance have been greatly improved. But the soft foundation settlement processing still prevents the quality of driving from improving. The improper handling of soft foundation settlement would result in vehicle bump at bridge head, and cause damage to the road surface of the bridge and telescopic device. On the principle of effective stress of the soil, a method is used to accelerate the foundation settlement in the negative pressure zone, and it has effectively reduced the differential settlement of bridge-head which improves the stability of roadbed.
Crew Qualification Comprehensive Evaluation of Shipping Enterprise Based on Multi-Level Fuzzy Evaluation Method
Authors: Zhu Lian Yu , Hou Mao Dong , Li Jian Guo
Published: September 2013

Under the background of international trade and economic globalization, shipping enterprise which provide ocean shipping service undertake most cargo transportation globally plays a very important role today. Ships navigation is the basic operating method of shipping enterprise, ship crew is undoubted a key factor. Due to the specificity of ocean shipping industry, work specification greatly different from onshore staff, therefore, crew qualification evaluation is a challenge. This article based on the characteristics of shipping enterprise, specifically study on comprehensive evaluation index system for crew qualification, adopted multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to obtain each index weight and corresponding values, proved effectiveness of model through appraisal of crew in a shipping enterprise. The model designed comprehensive crew qualification evaluation index system, it provides reference for crew performance assessment and further improved crew human resources management and career planning.
Research on Approaches for Low-Carbon Transportation Strategy from both Supply and Demand Sides
Authors: Peng Peng , Qin Yong Hui
Published: September 2013

Arresting the emission of road transport is one of the significant issues to develop the low-carbon transportation in urban area. This paper mainly discusses the substantial approaches both from technological and behavioral aspects to reduce even arrest the environmental impact from vehicle emissions. The technological approaches from supply side include constructing the transport facilities, transport system management and technological upgrading of fleet and fuel; while behavior modifications from travel demand side take account of the traffic restraint measures such as road pricing, the promotion of public transport and land use modification. This paper focuses on evaluating the potential and limitations of these approaches through the examples in the countries of the UK, America, Japan, Netherlands, Italy and China.
Rail Pre-Grinding on Shanghai-Nanjing PDL and its Effect on Wheel-Rail Contact Geometry
Authors: Wei Kai , Xiao Xin , Xu Yu De
Published: September 2013

The paper tests the rail profiles of Shanghai-Nanjing PDL after its rail pre-grinding. The grinding values are counted, which shows that the grinding mainly occurs on the inner side of rail top, ranging from 0 to 1.26mm. Wheel-Rail Contact Geometry is also analyzed. Results shows that after pre-grinding, the wheel-rail contact points concentrate to the center of rail top, and it is good for rail wear control. But the rolling radius difference decreases and it weakens the rails ability of return the wheels position.
Structure Fatigue Life Analysis of a 1.5MW Smart Yaw Slewing Bearing
Authors: Feng Yang , Chen Jie , Huang Xiao Diao , Wang Wei
Published: September 2013

As an important rolling connection of the wind turbine, yaw slewing bearing plays a critical role in the structure reliability. Therefore, effective health monitoring of a slewing bearing to execute timely maintenance or replacement have attracted significant interest. In order to monitor working conditions on line, various sensors have been used. This paper discussed the installation approaches of various sensors in a yaw slewing bearing, and analyzed the effect of local structure change on the fatigue life of a 1.5MW slewing bearing by MSC.FATIGUE, and thus providing an effective reference for structural design of a smart slewing bearing.
Parameter Identification of the Non-Linear Rolling Damping Based on PLS Regression Technique
Authors: Sun Li Ping , Sun Wei Ben
Published: September 2013

The rolling motion analysis of ships or other marine structures is of paramount importance. However, one of the thorniest issues in the analysis is the determination of roll damping. The main objective of this work is to apply thePartial Least-Squares regressioninto the Bass Energy Method and Roberts Method, which are used for the identification of non-linear roll damping parameters. When the number of sample points decreases due to limitations of the experimental conditions and other factors, the differences between the results obtained from Partial Least-Squares Regression and from traditional Least-Squares method demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Discussion on the Calculation and Analytic Method of the Surrounding Rock of Tunnel on the ADINA
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Lei , Liu Xiang
Published: September 2013

Space of surrounding rock pressure is caused by underground excavation surrounding rock mass and the supporting force of deformation or destruction. Weight model, reduction weight model, tunnel specification and finite element model are four commonly surrounding rock pressure calculation methods. This paper put forward a more reasonable tunnel surrounding rock pressure calculation model by using the finite element analysis software, numerical simulation of tunnel excavation and comparison and analysis of the four calculations results.
Study and Application of High-Speed Railway Real-Time Dynamic Response Based on Running Simulation
Authors: Cai Yi Chang , Pu Hao , Li Wei , Li Jian , Long Xi An , Zhao Hai Feng
Published: September 2013

In order that the vehicle-track dynamic simulation can reflect the actual operation better, the running simulation theory was introduced into the analysis process of the high-speed railway dynamic response. Firstly, the data (including time, mileage, velocity, acceleration, etc.) of train running simulation was worked out by traction calculation. Secondly, according to the structure feature of high-speed railways vehicle and track, the vehicle-track coupled dynamic model was built. Non-linear Hertz theory was used for modeling the wheel-rail contact. Then the wheel-track creep force was obtained by using Kalker's creep theory and Shen's non-linear theory. Meanwhile, various track spectrums were simulated. Furthermore, the running simulation data as the original data were used to work out the real-time dynamic response indices in the dynamic calculation process. Thirdly, the indices would be applied to the alignment comfort evaluation. Finally, the system was developed out and the rationality and practicability of the method were verified through an example.
Study on Extenics Evaluation of the Safety for Urban Road Intersections
Authors: Cheng Wei , Yuan Man Rong , Zhao Jun Jun
Published: September 2013

On the basis of the theory and method of extenics and to evaluate the safety level of urban road intersections quantitatively, those are selected that infrastructure, signal lamp, conflict rate in all 3 categories of 9 indicators, meanwhile, the matter element model of safety evaluation for urban road intersections is put forward based on extenics, and the objective assessment with multiobjects for urban road intersections safety level is transformed into the single objective decision which is convenient to be estimated and compared. Then by calculating the comprehensive correlative degree it is analyzed that each index factor has influence on intersection safety. The results of numerical analysis shows that the extension method can much better evaluate intersection safety level for improving intersection safety to provide efficient and valued basis for traffic management department to make decision.
Analysis and Prediction of Ground Vibration Induced by High-Speed Train
Authors: Zhang Ke Xin , Yao Jian Wei , Zhao Ze Ping
Published: September 2013

The principal aim of this paper is to determine the reasonable design parameters of high-speed railway vibration attenuation. The orthogonal test method is used to design the test of ground vibration induced by high-speed train. Four main factors that impact the maximum ground vertical vibration level are selected, and different values are given to each factor, so 8 groups of combinations can be obtained by using orthogonal test technique. Each group test data of the maximum ground vertical vibration level can be obtained by conducting vehicle testing on-track. In this paper, the primary and secondary factors that impact the maximum ground vertical vibration level are determined by range analysis. Moreover, the neural network theory is used to establish a model of the ground vertical vibration level, and this model can be trained and verified by the test data. The impact factors can be predicted by the method of combining orthogonal test and neural network concerning the specified vibration limit, and the value of maximum ground vertical vibration level with the predicted factors meets the requirement of accuracy. The conclusions provide a valuable reference to the vibration attenuation design of the high-speed railway.
Metal Corrosion of Ballast Tank Caused by Electrolytically Treated Ballast Water
Authors: Kun Dang , Song Yong Xin , Zhang Xu Li
Published: September 2013

The metal corrosion of ballast tank caused by ships ballast water that has been electrolysed has been studied in the laboratory by means of statically immersing metal sample in treated sea water. Experimental tests show that the corrosion rate in the electrolyzed seawater is larger than that in the natural seawater, but the increment of the corrosion rate is not more than 35% in the first 12 hours in the medium with a 5 mg/L initial chlorine concentration and the corrosion rate will decrease with time.
Research on Preventive Management of Freeway Traffic Accident
Authors: Li Bing , Liu Jia Xin
Published: September 2013

With the rapid development of the freeway, preventive work of freeway traffic faces larger and larger test. This paper adopts 1561 cases of traffic accidents in the Jiliao-freeway in past 5 years to find out the factors that affect safety. The study found out some factors which cause freeway traffic accidents, they are time, weather, the number of patrol vehicles and monitoring, age and attribution of the accident driver. The paper studies the management problems and puts forward on the countermeasures and suggestions, especially the problem of freeway traffic police burnout. This problem which involves in freeway traffic accident prevention will reach a new level and lay the foundation for the future research work.
Wharf Risk Assessment Based on AHP&D-S Evidence Theory
Authors: He Ying , Jiao Zhan Li , Jiang Fu Cai
Published: September 2013

AHP is a method broadly applied in Risk Assessment. However this method has some shortcomings in evaluations. The subjective qualitative analysis of risk events and impacts in the wharf risk assessment make the conclusion with vagueness, which reduces the credibility of the result. The core idea of the Evidence Theory is the synthesis of evidence, which can be a good expression of "uncertainty" and "unknown", using the theory in the assessment can reveal the uncertainty effectively. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the assessment, this method combines AHP with D-S Evidence Theory, in which the D-S Evidence Theory applied to fuse and correct the expert rating data for determine-making of the wharf risk and AHP used to establish the system of assessment and determine the value. The Combination Rule for data fusion of multi- reliability can improve the reliability and make up for the lack of AHP. Through correction and data fusion by Synthetic Formula, the high support reviews get higher credibility, the low support reviews get lower credibility after synthesis, the polarization phenomenon lets the result more realistic and accurate. Taking a wharf project for example to prove the new combination method is more applicable to the wharf risk assessment.
Study on Traffic Congestion Pricing for Large Scale Multimodal Networks in City
Authors: Kang Wang Lin , Liu Xin Min , Li Lu Yan
Published: September 2013

Traffic congestion brings more and more negative effects on the urban economy and society safety. This paper analyzes and extends the travel mode split problem for urban multimodal networks based on the game theory and Arnotts bottleneck model. Firstly, we present a theoretical model of traffic behavior under various tolling schemes such as no-toll and dynamic toll. Secondly, several important behavioral features related to the response of users to the congestion pricing strategy are provided. Such features include the travelers relative valuations of early arrival, late arrival, and the bus conditions. Finally, we put forward numerical examples to explain the model.
Performance and Evaluation Index for Asphalt Pavement of Airfield Runway on Highway
Authors: Huang Wei Ye , Shi Bao Hua , Huang Bi Bin , Ren Wei , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2013

In order to resolve the outstanding problem of China on how to scientifically manage and maintain airfield runway on highway, and according to realistic situation of prevailing of asphalt pavement, as well as transit characteristics of automobile and airplane on airfield runway on highway, the performance of asphalt pavement is analyzed via the aspects of bearing capability, high temperature stability, low temperature anti-cracking property, durability, smoothness, anti-sliding performance, drainability, etc, to qualitatively propose the requirements; in order to provide reference for utilization and management, to effectively and properly evaluate the asphalt pavement, the evaluation system is proposed, and its main index includes pavement bearing strength, appearance quality, friction coefficient, and evenness, etc.
Analysis on Requirement and Prediction of Feeder Airport Resources Based on TDM
Authors: Wang Ru Xin , He Qiu Zhao
Published: September 2013

Feeder airport constructions and managements are analyzed in the perspective of airport positioning, management system and resources allocation to provide the decision making and consulting reference for the feeder airport construction, by applying the theoretical achievement of Traffic Demand Management (TDM) in the field of urban transportation planning, absorbing the theory and thoughts, technical methods, policy measures and organization performance.
Model Test and Numerical Simulation for Directional Pressure Relief Blasting
Authors: Xiao Ding Jun , Li Bin , Pu Chuan Jin , Zhou Hui Qi
Published: September 2013

To study directional pressure relief blasting, cement mortar model tests are carried out. Protecting borehole wall, free-face wall and bottom wall are tested of the dynamic strain. Three-dimensional numerical simulation and numerical calculation of the tests are conducted by using LS-DYNA3D. The pressure values and test results of the protecting borehole wall, free-face wall and bottom wall with the same distance from the explosives are compared. Development and distribution of pressure regularity are analyzed; blast hole pressure relief effect of protecting borehole wall materials and bottom interval air column are explicated. The present results indicate that there is an obvious stress concentration phenomenon on the free-face wall, with an average pressure decrease rate of 26% from the free-face wall to the protecting borehole wall with the same distance to the explosive center, while the isolation materialPVCU plays a good directional protection. The pressure effect of the blast hole bottom air column on the blast hole is apparent. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental dates.
Bus Passenger Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Using Available Information from Automatic Data Collection Systems in Chongqing, China
Authors: Chen Su Ping , Liu Dai Zong
Published: September 2013

This research explores the application of available information from Automated Data Collection Systems (ADC) with a focus on bus passenger Origin-Destination (OD) matrices inference, using Chongqing as a case study. It demonstrates the feasibility and ease of applying to infer bus passengers boarding and alighting locations if boarding information is available from neither Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC) nor GPS data, and is the first known attempt to create an algorism to use stop Geographic Information System (GIS) and dual-direction bus stop group to estimate the boarding location and traveling direction when GPS data cannot provide the arriving information at bus stops. The results of this research have been practically applied to a full-size bus network in Chongqing, and can be easily implemented to other Chinese cities as Chongqing presents most popular data structure of ADC in China.