bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Comparison of MTA and BC RRM-Fast Set Putty as Retrograde Filling Materials
Authors: Arvelaiz Carla , Fernandes Andreina , Graterol Veronica , Gomez Katiuska , Gomez-Sosa Jose Francisco , Caviedes-Bucheli Javier , Guilarte Carolina
Published: November 2021

Background: To compare, in vitro, the bioceramic materials (MTA and BC RRM-fast set putty) capacity to prevent microleakage of Enterococcus faecalis over time. Methods: An experimental design was made with forty extracted human teeth, coronally cut, and prepared to be placed in a leakage system under sterile conditions. They were randomly divided into an experimental group: thirty teeth (fifteen for retrograde filling material MTA and BC RRM-fast set putty, respectively) and a control group: ten teeth (five positive control, five negative control). The 3 mm root-ends were submerged in a brain-heart infusion broth with a red phenol indicator. The coronal access of each sample was inoculated with E. faecalis every seven days to maintain bacterial viability. The lower chamber was evaluated daily for 30 days to observe the turbidity of the culture medium and establish the presence and day of the filtration. Calculation of the colony-forming units (CFU) was performed for each leaked sample. Results: Of the total samples prepared for each type of bioceramic material, leaked 60.0% (9/15) of the MTA group and 40.0% (6/15) of the BC RRM-fast set putty group. All positive controls filtered on the first day of evaluation, while 20% (1/5) of the negative control leaked in the second week. There was no significant difference in leakage between the bioceramic material types, nor concerning the bacterial count and the type of cement used (p = 0.101). Conclusions: This study suggests that BC RRM-fast set putty and MTA have a similar sealing capacity when used as a retrograde filling material in vitro.
Application of SS-CS-HR-AAS Measurements for the Detection of Ag Nano-particles in Marine Invertebrates
Authors: Orani Anna Maria , Vasileva-Veleva Emilia , Thomas Olivier
Published: November 2021

The aquatic fate of NPs governs the ecotoxicity in the aquatic environment and marine organisms. The present study describes the development of fit for purpose analytical procedure for the determination of Ag NPs in different marine organisms by Solid Sampling Continuous Source High Resolution Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (SS-CS HR-AAS). The detection is based on the observation of the Ag absorption peak and its atomization delay tad, i.e., the time at which the maximum absorbance is observed. Indeed, the presence of Ag NPs is easily detected through the analysis of tad as Ag ions and Ag NPs have different interactions with the sample matrix and different tad. The method was first developed using biota CRMs (DORM-3 and SRM 2976) spiked with Ag NPs standard solutions of different sizes (10, 20, 40 and 60 nm) or ionic Ag (Ag+) at the same concentrations. The temperature program was optimized in order to achieve the maximum difference between the tad obtained for Ag+ and the one obtained for Ag NPs (Δtad). Then, laboratory experiments were performed on mussels and marine sponges, two different marine invertebrates. The results showed that the developed methodology is suitable for the detection of Ag NPs for both groups of organisms, showing Δtad up to 3.1 s. The behavior can be slightly different from matrix to matrix but a clear separation between ionic Ag and Ag NPs is always visible. The developed analytical method is therefore a promising tool to assess the presence of Ag NPs in marine invertebrates.
Three Birds with One Stone: Co-Encapsulation of Diclofenac and DL-Menthol for Realizing Enhanced Energy Deposition, Glycolysis Inhibition and Anti-Inflammation in HIFU Surgery
Authors: Wu Haitao , Zhou Hu , Zhang Wenjie , Jin Ping , Shi Qianqian , Miao Zhaohua , Wang Hua , Zha Zhengbao
Published: November 2021

Despite attracting increasing attention in clinic, non-invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery still commonly suffered from tumor recurrence due to the generation of thermo-resistance and adverse therapy-induced inflammation which would promote the secretion of growth signals to trigger tumor recurrence and even metastasis. In this work, inspired by the intrinsic dependence of thermo-resistant heat shock proteins (HSPs) with the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), dual-functionalized diclofenac (DC) with anti-inflammation and glycolysis-inhibition abilities were successfully co-encapsulated with phase-change dl-menthol (DLM) in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (DC/DLM@PLGA NPs) to realize improved HIFU surgery without causing adverse inflammation. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the great potential of DC/DLM@PLGA NPs for serving as an efficient synergistic agent of HIFU surgery, which can not only amplify HIFU ablation efficacy through DLM vaporization-induced energy deposition but also simultaneously sensitize tumor cells to hyperthermia by glycolysis inhibition as well as diminished inflammation. Thus, our study provides an efficient strategy for simultaneously improving the curative efficiency and diminishing the harmful inflammatory responses of clinical HIFU surgery.
FNDC3B is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Glioma
Authors: Huang Yeping , Li Shanshan , Hu Cheng , Zhang Hong , Wang Xiao
Published: November 2021

Background: Recent discoveries have revealed that fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) acts as an oncogene in various cancers; however, its role in glioma remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we comprehensively investigated the expression, prognostic value, and immune significance of FNDC3B in glioma using several databases and bioinformatics analysis. RNA expression data and clinical information of 529 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 1319 patients from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases were downloaded for further investigation. A nomogram model based on TCGA low-grade glioma (LGG) dataset was constructed to assess the prognosis value of FNDC3B in glioma by plotting calibration, K-M, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The predicted nomogram was validated by CGGA cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by the Wilcoxon test based on the TCGA-LGG dataset and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was implemented to identify the significant module associated with the expression level of FNDC3B. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between FNDC3B with cancer immune infiltrates using TISIDB, ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORTx.Results: Higher FNDC3B expression displayed a remarkably worse overall survival and the expression level of FNDC3B was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with glioma. Based on TCGA LGG dataset, a co-expression network was established and the hub genes were identified. FNDC3B expression was positively correlated to the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune infiltration score, and high FNDC3B expression was accompanied by the increased expression of B7-H3, PD-L1, TIM-3, PD-1, and CTLA-4. Moreover, expression of FNDC3B was significantly associated with infiltrating levels of several types of immune cells and most of their gene markers in glioma. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that FNDC3B may be involved in the occurrence and development of glioma and can be regarded as a promising prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker for the treatment of glioma.
Identification of Ferroptotic Genes in Spinal Cord Injury at Different Time Points: Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation
Authors: Kang Yu , Li Qiangwei , Zhu Rui , Li Shuang , Xu Xin , Shi Xuanming , Yin Zongsheng
Published: November 2021

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important pathologic process after spinal cord injury (SCI), and as a newly type of PCD, ferroptosis is also involved in the secondary SCI, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Integrating animal experiment and bioinformatics, we validated the ferroptotic phenotype in SCI first, and then bioinformatic analyses, including Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, gene set enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis were performed to investigate the ferroptotic genes at 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 56 days post-SCI, finally, the ferroptotic genes in SCI were identified and expression of 5 key genes were validated by western blot. The ferroptotic symbols including iron overload, lipid peroxidation, shrunken mitochondria and ROS accumulation were detected in the acute and sub-acute phase of SCI. The outcomes of bioinformatics suggested that mTOR signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were involved in ferroptotic regulation and ATF-3, XBP-1, HO-1, DDIT-3 and CHAC-1 were selected as the ferroptotic key genes in SCI. Besides, response to oxidative stress, amide metabolic process, cation transport and cytokine production were showed as the essential biological process in ferroptosis after SCI. The ferroptotic phenotype following SCI was validated and the ferroptotic genes and signaling pathways were identified. The results contribute to exploring the ferroptotic mechanism underlying secondary SCI and to providing potential target for clinical treatment.
Prominent Respiratory Involvement Featured in High-Risk Screening for Late-Onset Pompe Disease in China
Authors: Jiao Kexin , Dong Jihong , Luo Sushan , Yu Liqiang , Ke Qing , Wang Zhiqiang , Luan Xinghua , Zhang Xiaojie , Guo Junhong , Chen Yan , Li Xihua , Tan Song , Qian Fangyuan , Jiang Jianming , Yu Xuen , Yue Dongyue , Liu Changxia , Luo Lijun , Li Jianping , Qu Yanzhou , Chen Lan , Tu Jianglong , Sun Chong , Yan Chong , Song Jie , Xi Jianying , Lin Jie , Lu Jiahong , Zhao Chongbo , Zhu Wenhua , Fang Qi
Published: November 2021

Backgroud: Pompe disease is a rare metabolic disorder with available enzymatic replacement therapy. Contrasting with the classic infantile form, the others subtypes have a heterogeneous presentation that makes an early and accurate diagnosis difficulty. A multicenter observational study was aimed to assess the prevalence of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) in high-risk population, using dried blood spot (DBS) as a main screening tool.Methods: 20 Chinese neuromuscular centers were involved in the early LOPD screening study. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age ≥1 years, (2) either one of a) persistent hyperCKemia; or b) muscle weakness of axial and/or limb-girdle muscles; or c) unexplained restrictive respiratory insufficiency. Enzymatic activity of acid α-glucosidase (GAA) was measured on DBS by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) assay. For the final diagnosis genotype was assessed by next-generation sequencing.Result: In a 9-month period, we studied 492 cases: 26 positive samples (5.3%) were detected by DBS screening. Molecular studies finally confirmed LOPD diagnosis in 8 cases (1.6%). The GAA activities in individuals bearing pseudodeficiency alleles were well separated from those in LOPD patients by MS/MS assay. The median interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 5 years. Besides axial/proximal muscle weakness, all patients showed respiratory insufficiency with a mean forced vital capacity of predicted of 48%. The level of creatine kinase ranged from normal to no more than 5-fold of upper normal limit. LOPD with isolated hyperCKemia was not identified.Conclusions: This study confirms that DBS test is a reliable method for screening for LOPD. Respiratory insufficiency is earlier and more severe among Chinese LOPD patients. LOPD presented with paucisymptomatic hyperCKemia. Therefore, a prompt diagnosis is critical to prognosis.
A Boltzmann Machine Optimizing Dynamic Routing for FANETs
Authors: WEI Xing , HUANG WenTao , YANG Hua
Published: November 2021

Routing optimization for FANETs is a kind of NP-hard in the field of combinatorial optimization that describes simple and difficult to handle. The quality of routing has a direct impact on the network quality of FANETs, and the design of routing protocols becomes a very challenging topic in FANETs. In this paper, we study the characteristics of dynamic routing, combine the characteristics of FANETs themselves, use the energy of nodes, bandwidth, link stability, etc. as the metric of routing, and use Boltzmann machine for routing search to form an optimized dynamic routing protocol. The NS3 simulation simulator is used to compare and study with traditional MANET dynamic routing AODV and DSR, and the simulation results show that the routes obtained by using Boltzmann machine search are better than AODV and DSR in many aspects such as end-to-end average delay, average route survival time and control overhead.
The GP’s perceived role and use of language concerning the existential dimension of palliative patients
Authors: Busser Sara T. , Rens Jeanne , Thoonsen Bregje , Engels Yvonne , Wichmann Anne B.
Published: November 2021

Background: Palliative patients have to cope with their disease and impending death. Knowing what this means for a patient is crucial for person-centrered care. Although guidelines state it is a GP core task to explore existential issues of palliative patients, this is not standard practice.Aim: Exploring Dutch GPs’ perceived role regarding addressing the existential dimension of palliative patients, and which vocabulary is used.Design and Setting: Qualitative study among Dutch GPs. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling and snowballing, considering gender, working experience and world view.Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed, transcribed and analysed using content analysis.Results: Seventeen GPs participated. Three themes were identified: Language, Perceived role and Practice. Interviewees generally saw it as their role to pay attention to the existential dimension of their palliative patients. However, not all knew how to define this role, or how to refer patients with existential struggles to a spiritual counsellor. The multidisciplinary Dutch guideline ‘Existential and Spiritual Aspects of Palliative Care’ seemed largely unknown. Interviewees mostly fulfilled their role in an intuitive, pragmatic way. Questions such as “What does it mean for you to be seriously ill?” or “Do you have support from someone or something?” fitted daily practice.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of basic GP education in exploring existential issues. The coexistence of a professionally obliged attention and an intuitive approach seems to be in conflict. We recommend enhancing collaboration between GPs and spiritual counsellors, appropriate training, and implementation of the relevant guideline on well-known platforms.
The Importance of Screening for Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome or its Components: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Cho Hyun Seok , Moon Gilseong , Yoon Jong Ho
Published: November 2021

Background

The rapidly increasing coincidence of thyroid cancer and metabolic syndrome (MS) in recent decades suggests an association between the two disorders. To investigate this association, we conducted a nationwide study of a large-scale patient cohort.
Methods

Between 2009 and 2011, data were collected by the Korean National Health Insurance Service for 4,658,473 persons aged 40–70 years without thyroid cancer. During the 6-year follow-up period, participants were monitored for the development of thyroid cancer. The relative risks and incidences of thyroid cancer were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses after adjusting for age and body mass index.
Results

At the end of the study, 47,325 subjects (1.0%) were newly diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The risk of thyroid cancer was significantly elevated in men and women with MS or MS components, except for hyperglycaemia (p = 0.723) or hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.211) in men. The incidence of thyroid cancer per 10,000 person-years in individuals with MS was significantly higher in men (6.2, p < 0.001) and women (21.3, p < 0.001) compared to those without MS. Additionally, the risk of thyroid cancer increased significantly with an increasing number of MS components even in individuals with only one or two MS components.
Conclusions

MS and its components were significantly associated with increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. Patients with MS or MS components should be regularly screened for thyroid cancer to enable swift therapeutic response in this at-risk population.
Music-evoked emotions affect memory for emotional pictures
Authors: Talamini Francesca , Eller Greta , Vigl Julia , Zentner Marcel
Published: November 2021

Music is widely known for its ability to induce emotions. However, to investigate music-evoked emotions, most studies rely on self-report questionnaires, which are vulnerable to bias. In the present study, we explored mood-congruency effects on memory as an indirect, nonverbal method to examine the experience of musical emotions. Participants listened to 15 music excerpts chosen to induce different emotions; after each excerpt, they were required to look at four different pictures, that could be either congruent with the emotion conveyed by the preceding music excerpt, incongruent, or neutral. After the presentation of the stimuli, participants completed a recognition task, including new pictures, already seen emotionally congruent pictures, and already seen emotionally incongruent pictures. Based on previous findings about mood-congruency effects, we hypothesized that if individuals had felt an emotion, this would facilitate memorization of emotionally congruent pictures. Results supported this prediction, as accuracy in the recognition task was higher for the emotionally congruent pictures than for the emotionally incongruent ones. This effect suggests that music-evoked emotions have an influence on subsequent cognitive processing of emotional stimuli, a result relevant for application in different psychology fields. Moreover, mood-congruency tasks may represent a source of evidence for the presence of music-evoked emotions.
Cost-Effective Proximity Detection and Filtering of Unreliable Results Based on BLE RSSI and IMU Readings Using Smartphones for Indoor Environments
Authors: Filus Katarzyna , Nowak Sławomir , Domańska Joanna , Duda Jakub
Published: November 2021

Indoor environments are a major challenge in the domain of location-based services due to the inability to use GPS. Currently, Bluetooth Low Energy has been the most commonly used technology for such services due to its low cost, low power consumption, ubiquitous availability in smartphones and the dependence of the signal strength on the distance between devices. The article proposes a system that detects the proximity of a moving object with respect to static points (anchors), evaluates the quality of this prediction and filters out the unreliable results based on custom metrics. We define three metrics: two matrics based on RSSI and Intertial Measurement Unit (IMU) readings and one joint metric. This way the filtering is based on both, the external information (RSSI) and the internal information (IMU). To process the IMU data, we use machine learning activity recognition models (we apply feature selection and compare three models and choose the best one-Gradient Boosted Decision Trees). The proposed system is flexible and can be easily customized. The great majority of operations can be conducted directly on smartphones. The solution is easy to implement, cost-efficient and can be deployed in real-life applications (MICE industry, museums, industry).
Tuning Riboflavin Derivatives For Photodynamic Inactivation of Pathogens
Authors: Fruk Ljiljana , Crocker Leander , Lee Ju Hyun , Mital Suraj , Mills Gabrielle , Schack Sina , Bistrovic-Popov Andrea , Franck Christoph , Mela Ioanna , Kaminski Clemens , Christie Graham
Published: November 2021

The development of effective pathogen reduction strategies is required due to the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and zoonotic viral pandemics. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria and viruses is a potent reduction strategy that bypasses typical resistance mechanisms. Naturally occurring riboflavin has been widely used in PDI applications due to efficient light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. By rational design of its core structure to alter (photo)physical properties, we obtained derivatives capable of outperforming riboflavin’s visible light-iinduced PDI against E. coli and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, revealing functional group dependency for each pathogen. Bacterial PDI was influenced mainly by guanidino substitution, whereas viral PDI increased through bromination of the flavin. These observations were related to enhanced uptake and ROS-specific nucleic acid cleavage mechanisms. Trends in the derivatives’ toxicity towards human fibroblast cells were also investigated to assess viable therapeutic derivatives and help guide further design of PDI agents to combat pathogenic organisms.
Tissue Segmentation from Whole-Slide Images Using Lightweight Neural Networks
Authors: Frank Steven
Published: November 2021

Pathology slides of malignancies are segmented using lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that may be deployed on mobile devices. This is made possible by preprocessing candidate images to make CNN analysis tractable and also to exclude regions unlikely to be diagnostically relevant. In a training phase, labeled whole-slide histopathology images are first downsampled and decomposed into square tiles. Tiles corresponding to diseased regions are analyzed to determine boundary values of a visual criterion, image entropy. A lightweight CNN is then trained to distinguish tiles of diseased and non-diseased tissue, and if more than one disease type is present, to discriminate among these as well. A segmentation is generated by downsampling and tiling a candidate image, and retaining only those tiles with values of the visual criterion falling within the previously established extrema. The sifted tiles, which now exclude much of the non-diseased image content, are efficiently and accurately classified by the trained CNN. Tiles classified as diseased tissue — or in the case of multiple possible subtypes, as the dominant subtype in the tile set — are combined, either as a simple union or at a pixel level, to produce a segmentation mask or map. This approach was applied successfully to two very different datasets of large whole-slide images, one (PAIP2020) involving multiple subtypes of colorectal cancer and the other (CAMELYON16) single-type breast-cancer metastases. Scored using standard similarity metrics, the segmentations exhibited notably high recall, even when tiles were large relative to tumor features.
IFA-EO: An Improved Firefly Algorithm Hybridized With Extremal Optimization for Continuous Unconstrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Chen Min-Rong , Yang Liu-Qing , Zeng Guo-Qiang , Lu Kang-Di , Huang Yi-Yuan
Published: November 2021

As one of the evolutionary algorithms, firefly algorithm (FA) has been widely used to solve various complex optimization problems. However, FA has significant drawbacks in slow convergence rate and is easily trapped into local optimum. To tackle these defects, this paper proposes an improved FA combined with extremal optimization (EO), named IFA-EO, where three strategies are incorporated. First, to balance the tradeoff between exploration ability and exploitation ability, we adopt a new attraction model for FA operation, which combines the full attraction model and the single attraction model through the probability choice strategy. In the single attraction model, small probability accepts the worse solution to improve the diversity of the offspring. Second, the adaptive step size is proposed based on the number of iterations to dynamically adjust the attention to the exploration model or exploitation model. Third, we combine an EO algorithm with powerful ability in local-search into FA. Experiments are tested on two group popular benchmarks including complex unimodal and multimodal functions. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IFA-EO algorithm can deal with various complex optimization problems and has similar or better performance than the other eight FA variants, three EO-based algorithms, and one advanced differential evolution variant in terms of accuracy and statistical results.
Acute Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Lower Respiratory Infections in Guangzhou Children of China
Authors: Zhong Huawen , Yang Linlin , Qiang Wei , Zhou Yongxian , Wei Lintong , Ji Jiamin , He Miao
Published: November 2021

Daily concentrations of air pollution are associated with lower respiratory diseases. We investigated the short-term association of ambient air pollution with daily hospital admissions due to pneumonia among children aged 0−17 in Guangzhou city of China. Ambient air pollutants were all positively associated with children hospital admissions due to pneumonia of all ages. Significant associations were found for air pollutants except for inhalable particulate matter (PM) \(\le\)10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) in children of all ages. Increments of an interquartile range (IQR) (279.10µg/m3 and 28.42µg/m3, respectively) in the 7-day-average level of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were associated with a 26.17% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40%-56.98%) and 25.09% (95%CI 0.54%-55.64%) increase in pneumonia hospitalizations for children aged 6−17, respectively. An IQR increase in CO concentrations was associated with a 15.15% (95%CI 4.34%-27.08%) increase in pneumonia hospitalizations for children aged 1−5. Daily cases of microbial detection for pneumonia were positively associated with daily NO2 concentration. The pneumonia hospitalizations due to Mycoplasma pneumonia, Flu A virus and Flu B virus, the predominant pathogenic microorganisms detected in children aged 0−5 are apparently associated with levels of PMs, CO, NO2 and O3.
Spontaneous Generated Convective Anticyclones in Low Latitude --- A Model for the Great Red Spot
Authors: Cai Tao , Chan Kwing L. , Chow Kim-Chiu
Published: November 2021

The Great Red Spot at about latitude 22oS of Jupiter has been observed for hundreds of years, yet the driving mechanism on the formation of this giant anticyclone still remains unclear. Two scenarios were proposed to explain its formation. One is a shallow model suggesting that it might be a weather feature formed through a merging process of small shallow storms generated by moist convection, while the other is a deep model suggesting that it might be a deeply rooted anticyclone powered by the internal heat of Jupiter. In this work, we present numerical simulations showing that the Great Red Spot could be naturally generated in a deep rotating turbulent flow and survive for a long time, when the convective Rossby number is smaller than a certain critical value. From this critical value, we predict that the Great Red Spot extends at least about 500 kilometers deep into the Jovian atmosphere. Our results demonstrate that the Great Red Spot is likely to be a feature deep-seated in the Jovian atmosphere.
Statistical Interpretation and Profiling the Leaching Characteristic of Chromium in the Basic Chrome Sulphate (BCS) Sludge Dumping at Village Khanchandpur-Rania, District Kanpur Dehat, Uttar Pradesh (India)
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Sahu Pokhraj , Singh Richa , Gupta Arti , Singh Pramod Kumar
Published: November 2021

Without immobilized hazardous waste contaminates soil and groundwater, which can further bio-accumulates and poses serious negative health impact on flora as well as fauna. The present investigation has been conducted to study of leaching behavior of chromium species in immobilized hazardous waste containing Basic Chrome Sulphate (BCS) dumped at dumping site Khanchandpur Kharanja, Rania, Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Results indicated that the pH of sludge ranged from 10.16–11.90 while EC ranged from 840-16160 dSm-1 in a different layer of the dumpsite and significantly varies on increasing depth. A similar trend was also observed in TDS contents which strongly justified the leaching of salts in lower depth. Total Cr concentration (25029.94 mg kg-1) was observed in the top layer which was significantly increased on increasing depth i.e., 36102.0 mg kg-1 and 42811.77 mg kg-1 while TCLP based concentration ( 216.44 mg kg-1 in top layer) was significantly increased on increasing depth i.e., 406.25 mg kg-1 and 517.60 mg kg-1. A similar trend was also observed in total and TCLP hexavalent and trivalent (Cr6+ and Cr3+) chromium concentration. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is separated all sample based on depth into three different cluster based on dissimilarity. A significant correlation was observed with TCLP Cr6+ in TCLP Cr3+, EC, and TDS at 0.01 levels while EC, TDS, total Cr6+, and TCLP Cr were significant correlated with TCLP Cr3+. The leaching behavior of Cr species was higher as well as increasing of depth in the dumping site.
The Clinical Characteristics, Perioperative Management, and Treatment Outcomes of Spinal Tuberculosis Associated With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhang Hongqi , Xiao Lige , Tang Mingxing , Sun Yang , Yang Guanteng
Published: November 2021

Background. To report a preliminary experience of surgical treatment for patients with spinal tuberculosis (STB) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and discuss the strategic factors that should be considered.Methods. A retrospective study of DMSTB patients who underwent surgical treatment between January 2012 and April 2018 in our center was carried out. For each patient: demographic information, perioperative management, laboratory examination, radiographic assessments, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.Results. A total of 17 patients were included (11 males and 6 females), with a mean age of 57.53±9.25 years and a follow-up of 28±3.00 mos. Hypertension, Osteoporosis, and Hypoproteinemia were the most common complication. All patients passed the perioperative period smoothly, the 3 months follow-up showed the CRP and ESR have a significant decline, and the final follow-up shows both CRP and ESR back to normal, and there were a significant improvement of serum albumin levels. The Bone fusion time is 9.88±2.65 mos.Conclusions. Perioperative management of DMSTB patients is a complicated issue with numerous factors to be considered. Spinal surgery can achieve satisfactory outcomes in these patients if the glycemic level remains well controlled, nutritional supplementation is adequate, and antituberculosis treatment is sufficient.
What is the Prevalence of Peri-Implantitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Diaz Pedro , Gonzalo Esther , Villagra Luis J Gil , Miegimolle Barbara , Suarez Maria J
Published: November 2021

Background: Peri-implantitis is a usual finding but estimates of its prevalence fluctuate very much. This may be due to the wide variety of disease definitions. This systematic review aims to estimate the overall prevalence of peri-implantitis and the effect of different study designs, function times, and use of probing depth on prevalence rate.Methods: Following electronic and manual searches of the literature published from January 2005 to December 2020, data were extracted from the studies fitting the study criteria. Fifty-seven articles were included in this study.Results: Prevalence of peri-implantitis was 19.6% (95% CI, 15.25-24.75) at the patient-level, and 12.39% (95% CI, 9.46-15.43) at the implant-level and it remains highly variable even following restriction to the clinical case definition. The use of probing depth like diagnostic criteria affected the prevalence data.Conclusion: The results indicate that it remains essential the identification of the diagnostic markers for more accurate disease classification.
Tumor microenvironment before and after chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer: Beyond PD-L1
Authors: Tayshetye Pritam , Friday Andrew J. , Omstead Ashten N. , Miller Stacey , Zheng Ping , Jani Prashant , Verma Tanvi , Zaidi Ali , Finley Gene
Published: November 2021

Background:

In rectal cancer treatment, neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is the standard of care and reduces local failure rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex entity comprising of tumor cells, immune cells and surrounding stroma and is closely associated with tumor growth and survival, response to antitumor therapies and also resistance to antitumor therapies. The purpose of this study is to assess the change in biomarkers associated with TME following standard neoadjuvant CRT in rectal cancer.
Methods:

We accessed archival tissue from rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT at Allegheny Health Network (AHN) facilities over the past 14 years. Pre-treatment and post-treatment biopsies were assayed for PD-L1, CD8+ T-cells, CXCL9, TIM-3, IDO-1, IFN-G, IL17RE, LAG-3, and OX40 in 41 patients.
Results:

We found statistically significant upregulation in multiple biomarkers namely CD8, IL17RE, LAG3 and OX40 post neoadjuvant CRT and a trend towards upregulation, although not statistically significant, in biomarkers PD-L1, CXCL9, TIM-3, IDO-1 and IFN-G expression.
Conclusions:

This data has broad implications, not only in rectal cancer but also in other malignancies, and provides a glimpse into the TME before and after neoadjuvant CRT. We hypothesize that the biomarkers which were noted to be upregulated could be used for development of therapeutic targeted drug therapy and designing appropriate clinical trials in an effort to achieve better response to neoadjuvant therapy, increasing pathological complete response rates and improved overall outcomes.
Small events and transdisciplinarity
Authors: Хвостова К.В.
Published: November 2021

В современной исторической науке большую роль играет малая событийность, изучаемая с помощью вероятностных статистических методов. Применение количественных методов в историописании, распространенное с 1960-х гг., сочетается с воз-росшим интересом к малой однородной будничной событийности, образующей исторические тенденции, традиции и процессы.

In modern historical science, a large role is played by small events, which are studied by using probabilistic statistical methods. The use of quantitative methods in historical writing, which has been widespread since the 60s of the twentieth century, is combined with an increased interest in small, homogeneous everyday events that form historical trends, traditions and processes.
About Impossibility of Forgetting
Authors: Кузин И.В.
Published: November 2021

В статье исследуется следующий парадокс: если индивидуальная память основана исключительно на внутренних ресурсах сознания, без принципиальной связи с внеш-ним положением дел, то мир, оказавшись непричастным к ней, становится местом взаимного равнодушия и полного одиночества. Без осознания всеобщей связи и усво-ения общей судьбы, в т.ч. через страдание как средства выхода за пределы инстинктивности страха, замкнутость на себя была бы непреодолимой. Цель проводимого сравнительного анализа с помощью примеров из художественной и исторической областей состояла в том, чтобы показать процесс погружения человека в измерение тотальной рассогласованности как с собой, так и с миром. В результате было продемонстрировано, что и катализатором, и действенным условием выхода из данного процесса является по-разному настраиваемый механизм культуры как памяти. Эти примеры свидетельствуют, что в жизненных исканиях, надеждах и через саму память происходитвозвращение к такому прошлому, которое, задавая рутину жизни, откры-вается в качестве искомого источника основы. В ходе анализа выясняется и то, что разрыв нарастающих цепей автоматических отношений, хоть и обнаруживает себя как трудноразрешимая задача, вместе с тем является реализуемым опытом, который прекращает раздвоение, т.е. прекращается такое состояние, когда растягиваемое «па-мятливое забвение» превращается во вторую натуру человеческого «я». Разбор филь-ма А. Паркера «Сердца Ангела» позволяет прийти к заключению, что обратная сторона удержания памяти бытия-лишь-при-себе имеет отношение к повседневности совместного бытия, с его частными отражениями в личном опыте, не только духовно-душевном, но и телесном. Через этот опыт и начинает формироваться онтология памяти не как автоматического существования (дления), а как усилия трансцендирующей мысли, благодаря чему изменяется отношение к повторению того же самого.

The problem of individual memory is analyzed in this article. The following paradox is put forward: if the basis of individual memory is its own internal resources and they are not related to the external state of affairs, the world is a place of mutual indifference and complete loneliness. When a common destiny does not exist, it is impossible to overcome isolation. The purpose of the comparative analysis based on examples from art and historical studies was to show the process of putting a person in a state of disconnection from both himself and the world. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the mechanism of culture as memory is a condition for leaving this process. These examples show that in life searches, hopes and through memory itself there is a return to such a past, which, setting the routine of life, opens up as a sought-after source of foundation. Consequently breaking the automatism of connections is the termination of bifurcation. As a result forgettingceases to be the second kind of human “self”. The bodily factor is of fundamental importance here. An analysis of A. Parker 's “Angel's Hearts” confirms this. Here, memory experience is shown.
Benevolence and Abhorrence of Incest (the Case of Francis Hutcheson)
Authors: Прокофьев А.В.
Published: November 2021

В статье реконструированы представления Фрэнсиса Хатчесона об истоках и моральном статусе запрета на инцест. Интерпретация этого запрета создает затруднения для любой теории морали, которая отождествляет ее содержание с непричинением вреда и помощью другому человеку. Степень морального осуждения инцеста не соответствует его относительной безвредности для других (в категориях, используемых Хатчесоном, участники инцестуальных отношений не проявляют явного «недостатка благожелательности»). Автор показывает, как Хатчесон, обсуждая универсальность морального чувства и моральные препятствия для заключения брака, пытается редуцировать «отвращение к инцесту» к благожелательным переживаниям.

The paper reconstructs Francis Hutcheson’s view on the moral status of incest and origins of the incest prohibition. The phenomenon of incest creates problems for every theory of morality that identifies its content with other-regarding requirements. The intensity of moral blame that incestuous behavior faces is not consistent with its relative harmlessness in comparison with violence or refusal to help (in Hutcheson’s terms, participants of incestuous relationships do not express ‘want of benevolence’). The author shows how Hutcheson reduces the ‘abhorrence of incest’ to benevolent affections in his discussions of the universality of moral sense and moral impediments of marriage.
Hot climates theories in European medical literature of modern times
Authors: Афанаcьева А.Э.
Published: November 2021

В центре внимания статьи находятся климатические объяснения патогенности жарких стран, доминировавшие в западной медицине в Новое время. Исследуется связь между концептуализацией жарких климатов врачами и меняющимся интеллектуальным и политическим контекстом XVII–XIX вв.

The article is focused on climatic explanations of the pathogenicity of the tropics, which dominated in Western medicine of the modern period. It explores the relationship between the conceptualisation of hot climates by physicians and the changing intellectual and political contexts of the 17th – 19th centuries.
Memupuk Jiwa Pustakawan Sejak Dini: Refleksi Implementasi Literasi Informasi dalam Menciptakan Masyarakat Terinformasi
Authors: Alam Umar Falahul
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Information literacy for all of the community is a condition that is predicted by the Indonesian government to be realized immediately. This achievement will create an informed society. This situation can be realized if the librarian's soul becomes the soul of the community. Therefore, two things that must be prepared are first, increasing interest in reading in the community, and second, carrying out an information literacy program.Methodology. This paper is library research. Writing analysis uses a qualitative descriptive method by capturing the fact. This study uses relevant literature to relate the research theme in formulating the problems that occur and in making final conclusions.Discussion. Librarians who are referred to as "guardians of knowledge", have an enlightening spirit compared to other professions. There are two guidelines that can make this enlightening soul, the first is code of ethics, and the second is the activities of the librarian's functional position. These two guidelines provide direction for librarians in carrying out sustainable activities to improve information literacy skills for the community. Many programs have been implemented to develop this information literacy program, by various librarians, but today, informed society has not created the programs yet.Conclusion. So far, this information literacy program has not realized the informed society. Information literacy programs that have been developed must not stop and must be implemented. An informed society will be formed if all levels of society reflect the librarian's spirit in life.
Inovasi Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah–‘Aisyiyah (PTMA) Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19: Sebuah Studi Literatur Bunga Rampai
Authors: Kusuma Gretha Prestisia Rahmadian
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on education systems around the world, including Indonesia. The government carried out temporary closure of public services to reduce the number of additional cases. One of the community services affected is the library as a support for education. As a supporter of education, the perceived impact is the non-utilization of services in the library. Efforts made by the library to continue to provide services are by changing the system and management mechanism in the library. This paper aims to find out the innovations and strategies implemented in several PTMA libraries in the era of the covid-19 pandemic.Methodology. This study uses a literature review to collect data and documentation to support the analysis.Result. The result of this paper is that PTMA library librarians must be able to use facilities or technology to serve the academic community.Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only hurt society. The other side of the Covid-19 pandemic is being able to develop competence through online seminars. In addition, the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is gradually improving, has forced libraries to reopen services while still implementing health protocols to suppress the rate of transmission.
Use of simultaneous absorbance-transmittance and excitation-emission matrix (A-TEEM) spectroscopy to monitor source water contamination for waterworks
Authors: Chen L. , Kow C. , Afira N. A. , Mok E. , Teng S. , Gilmore A. M.
Published: November 2021

Conventional oil-in-water analyzers used by waterworks have hydrocarbon detection limits at mg/L levels and do not identify the type of oil compounds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a more sensitive optical instrument and the analysis method to (1) determine the signature excitation and emission matrixs of each type of oil (such as diesel, heavy oil, gasoline and kerosene) or their indicator organic compounds and enter them into the instrument's software library and (2) test out the effectiveness of the instrument in detecting the above-mentioned oil in local waterworks’ source and treated water. The patented simultaneous absorbance-transmittance excitation-emission matrix (A-TEEM) instrument method was used to identify and quantify low levels of organic contaminants present in a much higher background of other dissolved organic matter components in raw and treated water. Multivariate regression and machine learning techniques were applied and shown to have potential for alerting plant operators to organic contamination events.
Clinical and Regulatory Status of Silymarin
Authors: Ralli Tanya , Kalaiselvan Vivekanandan , Tiwari Ritu , Shukla Shatrunajay , Kholi Kanchan
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Silymarin is a mixture of 9 different active flavanolignans extracted from
the seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) plant. It has been extensively used by local people
and medicinal practitioners in European countries from around 2,000 years for the treatment of liver
and biliary-related disorders.

Aims of this review:

This review article documents and critically assesses, for the first time, up to
date the regulatory status of the silymarin extract for the treatment of hepatic and other diseases.

Methods:

Information was collected systematically from electronic scientific databases including
Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS Publications, Elsevier, SciFinder,
and Wiley Online Library, as well as other literature sources (e.g., books). Additionally, various
regulatory authority websites have been searched for exploring the data.

Key findings:

Silymarin has been approved in different doses for the treatment or adjuvant therapy
for liver disorders by the regulatory authorities of different countries. But, silymarin has still been
used as a dietary supplement in the US, despite its high sales. The potential of silymarin to be approved
for various other indications has been proved by assessing its efficacy in human patients. In
addition to efficacy, it is found to be safe and well-tolerated.

Conclusion:

Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that silymarin is an
important medicinal herb with prominent bioactivities. Thus, there is a need to conduct clinical
trials in a larger number of patients to get approval for use in diseases like metabolic syndrome, diabetes
mellitus, cancer, and many more.
Empathy as an expression of emotions and mood in English lingvoculture
Authors: Narmurodova Gulnoza I.
Published: November 2021

This article provides information on the expression of feelings in expressing sympathy in English culture. There are a lot of emotions. The way they are expressed is special and unique for each culture and is influenced by various historical, social, and cultural factors. Therefore, as there are people in the world, there are as many ways to express sympathy. Each person chooses for himself how to express joy, sorrow, compassion, or simply remain silent and stay on the sidelines. The study of the verbal expression of sympathy allows us to assert that a sympathetic attitude can induce a person to the following speech actions - the expression of sympathy or condolences. Various factors influence the choice of a specific speech act. Emotions such as sympathy and condolence are aimed at establishing speech contact and maintaining speech and social relations with the interlocutor, at regulating them.