bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Among Patients with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Qureshi Sameer Raeesuddin , Siddiqui Atif Hafeez , Mehboob Shafaque , Ahmed Naseer , Imtiaz Aftab
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis among patients with nasal polyps.Methods: This study was performed at Department of ENT and Head Surgery, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi during July 2018 to January 2019. Patients with nasal polyp fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Sino-nasal contents were removed during operation and divided into two parts. Sample one was preserved in formalin solution and sent for histopathology to verify eosinophilic mucin and polyps. Another sample was preserved in 10% of potassium hydroxide solution to observe fungal hyphae by culture and fungal staining SPSS v-23.0 was used for the analysis.Results: Total of one hundred and fifty patients was included in the present study. There were sixtyone females (40.7%) and eighty-nine (59.3%) males. The mean age of patients was 30.5 ± 11.4 years. Out of 150 patients with nasal polyps, 33(22.0%) had allergic fungal rhino sinusitis (AFRS). In this study, it was found that, AFRS was associated with gender and smoking (p=0.036).Conclusion: AFRS is perceived generally among patients with nasal polyps. In this way, each patient with nasal polyp ought to be assessed for the existence of AFRS
Comparative Analysis of the Anthropometric Parameters Among the Ethnic Groups of Karachi
Authors: Kamran Mahrukh , Rahan Rabia , Mubeen Sahar , Obaid Munazza Suharwardy , Ahmed Hira , Fahmi Shazia
Published: February 2023

Objective: Objectives of this study were to determine the average height, weight, BMI, BSA and LBM among the different ethnic groups that exist in population of Karachi and to determine whether these anthropometric parameters vary significantly among the ethnic groups.Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study that was carried out at Ziauddin University and Hospital from March 2012 to May 2014. In this study healthy volunteers aged 21 years and above were recruited. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and lean body mass (LBM) of healthy volunteers were taken into account through the standard protocol after following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was approved by the ethical review committee IRB and BASR committee of Ziauddin University Clifton Karachi.Results: Greatest height 169.5 ± 9.1 cm and weight 73.4 ± 15.4 kg was found in Pathans. Highest body mass index (BMI) 27.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2, body surface area (BSA)1.8 ± 0.2 m2 and lean body mass (LBM) 52.6 ± 9.6 kg was found in Hazarah group. Weight, BMI and BSA was found to vary significantly among the ethnic groups (p<0.05) while height and LBM was found to vary insignificantly among the ethnic groups. Anthropometric parameters vary significantly between the genders among all the ethnic groups. Beside BMI all the anthropometric parameters were significantly greater in males.Conclusion: Anthropometric parameters noted among the ethnic groups in Karachi were very close to the studies done in the different provinces of Pakistan. In almost all the ethnic groups, BMI males were found to have significantly greater anthropometric parameters as compare to the females.
Awareness Regarding Family Planning Methods Among Final Year Medical Students
Authors: Somroo Nadia , Hyder Naqvi Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar , Jafry Syed Imtiaz Ahmed , Saleem Paras , Jameel Nazia , Hussain Mudassir
Published: February 2023

A cross-sectional awareness survey was conducted among final year MBBS students of ISRA University, Hyderabad from May 2017 to November 2017. After checking eligibility and taking verbal informed consent, 100 participants were included in the study and interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire.Data was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. The study results showed that 29 (29%) of the study participants got information about family planning methods from health care providers, 27 (27%) through social circle, 24 (24%) through mediawhile 20 (20%) through conference, meetings and events. Furthermore, 42 (42%) of the participants correctly identified all permanent family planning methods, 65 (65%) correctly identified temporary family planning methods, 47 (47%) correctly identified short-term family planning methods whereas 54 (54%) correctly identified long term family planning methods. Efforts by both public and private sector to enhance awareness regarding family planning methods among medical students are recommended
Pictorial Quiz
Authors: Shoaib Shameen , Jamaluddin Muhammad , Majeed Sobia
Published: February 2023

An 11-year-old girl came with the complaint of colicky right iliac fossa pain for 1 week and vomiting for 1 day. On examination abdomen was soft, tender at right iliac fossa, guarding present all over the right lower quadrant and rebound tenderness was positive. Digital rectal examination was unremarkable. Ultrasound whole abdomen was normal. Attached below is a picture of the operative findings of the patient.
Measuring Treatment Readiness Among Patients With Opioid Use
Authors: Washdev Washdev , Jat Muhammad Ilyas , Taufeeq Fatima , Arain Muhammad Tarique , Yasein Saba , Ahmed Shaoib
Published: February 2023

Objective: To measure treatment readiness in patients with opioid use in the form of problem reorganization, desire for help and taking steps.Methodology: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted at the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (IBS), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was from 1st January 2018 to 1st June 2018. Those patients who fulfilled the criteria of the dependent on opioids as per the International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) were enrolled in the study. Those who were using substances other than opioids such as Cannabis or having organic brain disorder such as dementia were excluded from the study. Treatment readiness was measured by The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness scale (SOCRATE). The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0.Results: Of the 120 participants, 96 (80%) were males while 24 (20%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 31.57 ± 8.71 years. Among all 48 (40%) were married. Majority of patients 54 (52.9%) were employed. Almost two-thirds were in favour of the strongly agree option as per the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale. While talking about ambivalence 54% strongly agreed that they were ambivalent about their addiction. Twenty-one per cent strongly agreed that they have taken steps to quit. Statistically age group, gender, marital status, educational status and occupational status were not significant.Conclusion: As the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness scale, mostly opioids usersstrongly agree for treatment as well as recognition of their problems and desire for change.
Orthodontic retention protocol - A review
Authors: Alnazeh Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry which deals with malalignment of teeth and facial skeleton. The mechanics of fixed appliance therapy completely relies on retention of orthodontic appliance. Retention is the phase of  Orthodontic treatment that attempts to keep teeth in corrected position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Without the phase of retention, there is a tendency for teeth to return to their initial position. Hence it is very necessary to prevent relapse. It depends on many factors. Every orthodontic patient should wear retention appliances to prevent relapse. This review article in detail discusses the protocol of retention and various factors affecting it.
Frequency of Anatomical Variations and Congenital Anomalies in Pancreatobiliary Tract through Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Ishaque Imran , Siddiqui Naveed Ali , Mahveen  , Keshan Jay , Sara  , Illyas Amber
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of pancreatobiliary tract in adults through the Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done on patients suspected to have pancreatobiliary disease referred to MRI unit. MRCP was performed on a 1.5 Tesla in MR unit, using phased-array coil for signal detection. Heavily T2 weighted images were obtained with SSF-SE technique. Axial and coronal source images and reformatted images were evaluated together for the possibility of any anomaly and variation in pancreatobiliary tract. Analysis was done by SPSS version 20.Results: Total no of 377 patients included in this study. The patients presented with epigastric pain, obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis and post-cholecystectomy epigastric pain and jaundice. MRCP was performed on these patients to examine the pancreatobiliary tract. In this study, 52% were females and 48% were males. The variations and anomalies were found in 24.93 and 75.07% had normal anatomy of pancreatobiliary tract. The most observed frequency was low insertion of cystic duct and least observed frequency was duct of Santorini. High insertion of cystic duct, absent gallbladder and aberrant hepatic ducts were not found in this study.Conclusion: Majority of the patients in this study were found to be free from pancreatobiliary disease. It is important to clarify the anatomy of the pancreatobiliary tract by preoperative evaluation. Congenital anomalies and anatomical variation in pancreatobiliary tract present a complex spectrum, which areworthy of alteration in both the clinical and surgical setting and are readily identified by MRCP.
Evaluation of Orthodontists Knowledge About Maintenance of Oral Hygiene in the Course of Active Orthodontic Management
Authors: Aljahdal Manal Nasser , Almashhour Laila , Alshahrani Renad Saleh , Alrwuili Mohammad , Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , Ahmed Tauseef , Alsharani Abdulaziz , Alnazeh Abdullah A.
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess orthodontist's knowledge about maintenance of oral hygiene in the course of active management in the sub-population performed in Saudi Arabia.Methods: The cross-sectional plan, performed in multiple dental treatment facilities including governmental hospitals and private dental clinics in Abha City, KSA, between November 10, 2019 and December 29, 2019. A total of 500 individuals were selected according to the following inclusion criteria which was male and female during orthodontic treatment patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances for at least 6 months which aged between 10-30 years. Sample size was calculated through Rao soft software. Data was collected through non probability purposive sampling. The exclusion criteria were uncooperative and unresponsive patients. A structured questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics of patients (age, gender) and orthodontists' knowledge about maintenance of oral hygiene of patients in the course of active management. They evaluated frequency of tooth brushing, tooth paste selection, usage of several fluoride supplements etc. For categorical data, mean and standard deviation were used, descriptive statistics was described as frequency and percentage. Forthe evaluation of association among categorical variables, a Chi-square test was used. Statistically significant p <0.05 was considered significant.Results: About 500 patients participated in this study, 50% females and 50% males. 130 (26%) participants were treated in governmental facilities, while 370 (74%) were treated in private clinics. The association between orthodontists' awareness and orthodontist's age was found statistically significant "p=0.004". Statistically significant correlation among orthodontists' awareness and place of receiving orthodontic treatment "p=0.001" was also found.Conclusion: The orthodontists' knowledge about maintenance of oral hygiene in the course of active management in subpopulation of Saudi Arabia is insufficient in patient's opinion and there is significant association between orthodontist's age and place of treatment.
Lateral Sphincterotomy Under Local Anaesthesia; A Safe and Time- Efficient Alternative Without Compromising Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Haider Syed Ali , Owais Muhammad Abid , Abbas Sidra , Ahmed Saeed , Rajput Akram , Ahmed Khalid
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out whether Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS) can be carried out using Local Anaesthesia (LA) hence, lowering down the cost and anaesthesia related complications in patients without compromising operative easiness or final result.Methods: One hundred patients who were diagnosed clinically as anal fissure patients and were scheduled for LIS were randomly distributed into two treatment arms. Non-probability consecutive sampling approach was employed. In the first group, LIS was carried out using LA while in the second group LIS was performed in spinal anaesthesia (SA). Age, gender, BMI, procedure time, post-operative complications like pain, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), bleeding, headache, incontinence, urinary retention and patient satisfaction were the main outcome variables which were studied.Results: Out of 100 patients who were treated with LIS, 50 of these patients had SA whereas, the rests of the 50 patients were given LA. We found no statistically significant difference in the post-operative pain, PONV, bleeding, incontinence, and overall patient satisfaction but duration of surgery and post-operative complications like headache and retention of urine were considerably less in the LA group. The difference between the two groups dictated that LIS under local anaesthesia (Group A) took 13.46 minutes (SEM 0.808) lesser than Group B which was statistically significant. But the Mean postoperative pain scores of patients in both groups were not significantly different on statistical analysis nor pain scores at 12 hours from surgery and 24 hours from surgery separately i-e 'p-value>0.05'Conclusions: LIS under LA is less time-intensive, safe and has a comparable patient satisfaction rate to SA. Besides, the advantage of significant cost benefit, duration of surgery, exemption of the requirement of an anaesthetist, and less post-operative headache and PONV, LA also shows no noteworthy difference in the post-operative complications in comparison with SA.
IAA, GAD65 AND IA2 Antibodies In Type 1 Children and Adolescents
Authors: Dr Yasir Naqi Khan  , Dr Muhammad Ashfaq  , Dr Bader-u-Nisa  , Dr Mehrunnisa Yasir  , Dr Hira Waseem  , Kanpurwala Muhammad Adnan
Published: February 2023

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated, prolonged metabolic disorder that leads to hyperglycemia and it occurrs due to complete deficiency of insulin with or with insulin resistance. The most common type of DM in children and adolescents is Type-1 DM (T1DM). The aim of this study was to determine the associations of IAA, GAD65 and IA-2A antibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus with age, gender and duration of disease.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted in the NICH hospital at the department of endocrinology and diabetes by using non probability consecutive sampling technique, after taking ethical approval. The duration of the study was one year. A total of 143 patients with clinically diagnosed type 1 diabetes ( ?1 year to ?20 years of age, regardless of the duration of the disease) were selected for the study. All study subjects were investigated for pancreatic autoimmune markers (GAD65, IA-2A, IAAs). Pearson’s Chi square test was applied to evaluate the association.

Results: A total of 143 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were enrolled for this study wherein 71(49.7%) were males and 72(50.3%) were females. Regarding the distribution of positivity of autoantibodies, 27(18.9%) had AntiInsulin IgG, 63(44.1%) had GAD65, 47(32.9%) had IA-2A and only 5(3.5%) had grey zone. There was a significant association was reported (p<0.001) in duration of diabetes and with IAA. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association with  (p=0.003) duration of diabetes and frequency of IA-2A.

Conclusion: This study concluded that presence of autoantibodies such as insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies, Insulin autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 were found to be predominant in males than females although it was not significantly associated with age and gender. Additionally, presence of insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies, Insulin autoantibodies significantly associated with the duration of disease.
Divalent Metal Ions; Key factor towards Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ashfaq Ahsan , Taseer Ahmed Khan  , Fatima Sadia
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

 

Introduction: In tuberculosis disease infection, trace elements perform a significant role as their insufficiencies may be related to weakened immunity. The purpose of this study was to compare demographic profile and divalent metal Ions in Tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculosis individuals.

Methodology: This case control study was carried out on 345 subjects. Patients were grouped into two categories i.e. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (cases group) with 115 patients and without Pulmonary Tuberculosis (control group) with 230 subjects. Demographic and dietary profile was recorded through already designed proforma. 4 to 5 ml sterile gel tube was used to collect blood samples. The samples, which were then centrifuged, and the serum were examined to check the levels of iron and copper. Data was evaluated using SPSS version 25.

Results: Male patients are more likely to have TB in comparison of female patient. In comparison of patient with normal serum copper, patient with serum copper below normal are less likely for TB and patient with serum copper above normal are more likely to develop TB. Patient with serum iron below normal are also more likely to develop TB in comparison of patients with normal serum iron.

Conclusion: Male patients in productive age groups were commonly affected with tuberculosis. In Tuberculosis patients, we found low serum iron concentrations along with significantly high concentration of serum of copper when compared to healthy controls. Subsequently, low iron concentrations synergistically with increased serum copper levels may increase the human susceptibility to the infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Iron, Copper ,BMI,  Nutritional status.
Significance Of Student's Feedback In The Development Of Dental Curriculum: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sheikh Qaiser Masud , Ghafoor Muhammad Wajahat , Jameel Rafey Ahamd , Chaudhry Sabahat Yasmin Ghafoor , Ejaz Sumera , Masood Minal
Published: February 2023

Objective:

       The objective of this study is to understand the significance of student’s feedback as a stakeholder so that we can incorporate their feedback in the development of Dental Curriculum.

Methods:

        A qualitative explorative study was done a; duration was 6 months i.e. from 6th Feb to 18th Aug 2017. We conducted a two session focus group discussion (FGD) with likewise graded students as per their exam scores i.e. high achieving (75-85%) and low achieving groups (55-66%) in Oral Biology. A total of 14 students took part in the Focus Group Discussion FGD sessions.

Results:

       Six common themes on which students expressed their reservations are as follows;

i) Teaching approach, ii) Issues regarding 1st year BDS education, iii) Teachers/Students collaboration, iv) Faculty qualification/experience status, v) Impact of student’s input in curriculum development and vi) Absence of collaborative sessions.

All these points that were emphasized by the student’s feedback about curriculum, teachers and assessment modes are critical for better learning.

Conclusion:

        As per our study findings, integrating multiple teaching approaches and emphasizing on students feedback is significant for dental curriculum development.
Sutureless and Glue Free Conjunctival Autograft in Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Taqi Uzma , Shahid Erum
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of the study is to report a newer technique of pterygium excision followed by suture less and glue free conjunctival autograft for its complications and recurrence rate.  

METHODS: This prospective and quassi experimental study was carried out at Baqai medical university hospital, Karachi from January 2016 to December 2016. This study consists of 30 eyes of 22 patients, above 15 years of age with primary progressive Pterygium of 2 mm or more in size and interfering with the vision. All the patients were operated under sub tenon’s anesthesia, Pterygium was excised with surgical blade followed by suture less and glue free conjunctival autograft from superior limbus. Primary outcomes measures included graft loss, granuloma and any other complications noted within six months. Recurrence was also noted at 6 months.

RESULTS: There were 30 eyes of 22 patients.  There were 4 females (18.18%) and 18 male patients (81.81%). The mean age was 31.28 years ± 9.4 SD. Right eye was seen in 16 (53%) cases. Graft lost was recorded in 1 patient (4.5%), conjunctival pyogenic granuloma in 1 patient (4.5%) and graft retraction was seen in 1 (4.5%) case. Recurrence rate was none at 6 months post operatively.

CONCLUSION: Conjunctival autograft without suture and glue is a new and simple technique that can be done with minimal expenses and limited resources. It has fewer complications and no recurrence.
Association of Clinicopathological Factors with Radiation Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Zareef Uzma , Razi Afifa , Imad Rehan , Iqbal Atif
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the association of clinicopathological factors with radiation induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck carcinoma .

Methodology

This cross sectional study was conducted at  Department of Neurospine and Cancer Institute,  Inclusion criteria were patients with confirmed non-metastatic carcinoma histologically, age range of > 20 and  70 years, patients requiring radical radiotherapy showing visible oral and oropharyngeal mucosa in the field of radiation (55 to 66 Gray). The exclusion criteria were: history of more than one tumour recurrence; prior history of radiation to the head and neck region; atypical liver and renal function; unusual haematological status; other deliberated medical conditions. Non-probability convenience sampling was used for  assesment of oral mucositis. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 23.

Results:                                                

A total of 30 patients were included. The mean age was 43 years (25-70 years) and 76.7% were males. Right sided buccul mucosa was most common primary tumor site, 70%  cases belongs to middle-class families with 90%  has no previous family history. Histological grade 2 and grade 2 and grade 3 mucositis was mostly reported. Tobacco chewing and betel nut chewing is the most common habit. The most common site affected is  buccul mucosa, followed by the cheek and tongue. It has been observed that TNM staging and histological grading have shown significance in cases of oral mucositis.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that the oral mucositis is significantly associated with TNM staging and   histological grading of tumors. Male gender, elderly age, middle to low socioeconomic status,  tobacco and betal nut chewing , right sided buccal mucosa and stage II TNM staging. Grade 2 and grade 3 oral mucositis was  the most frequent clinicopathological factors associated with the development of head and neck cancer. Although previous family is not very frequent in our study population.
Clinicopathological Pattern of Gynecological Malignancies at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Perveen Shakira , Mala Jai
Published: February 2023

Objective: To view current clinicopathological pattern of gynecological malignancies at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.

Methods: This is a retrospective research performed in the department of obstetrics and gynecology unit 1 from January 2020 to December 2021. All cases of gynecological malignancies irrespective of age, race and cast were included for study. Around 164 cases with clinical or radiological diagnosis of malignancy were admitted for gynecological malignancy work up. Out of them 42 were confirmed on histopathology of biopsy or resected specimen. Patients with gestational trophoblastic disease and metastatic malignancies from another primary site were excluded. Data of these confirmed 42 cases fulfilling exclusion and inclusion criteria was included for study. Relevant data on pre-designed Performa was tabulated and histopathology according to WHO histological classification system.

Results: Out of 164 cases of suspected gynecological malignancy 42 histopathological confirmed cases were selected for study. Frequency of gynecological malignancies out of 885 gynecological ad- mission is 4.7%. Ovarian cancers were commonest gynecological malignancy (54.7%), followed by cervical cancer (19.04%), uterine cancer (16.66%), and vulvar /vaginal cancers (9.5%). In ovarian can- cers epithelial cancers were (86.9%) and (13.04%) were non-epithelial. In epithelial (65%) serous, (15%) mucinous and (20%) were other less common types. In non-epithelial were dysgerminoma (66.66%) and (33.33) sex cord stromal cancers. In cervical (100%) were squamous cell carcinoma. In uterine (85.7%) were adenocarcinoma and (14.28%) were leiomyosarcoma. In vaginal cancers (50%) squamous cell carcinoma and (50%) was melanoma. In vulvar cancers all (100%) were squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion: Ovarian cancer is commonest gynecological malignancy in our study. Common age group, parity, clinical presentation and histopathology is comparable with studies. Majority of cases came late in advanced stage of disease.
An Outbreak Of Delta Variant in Pakistan
Authors: Umm e Habiba  , Naveed Shajee
Published: February 2023

According to reports, Pakistan has very res- trained facts available on the situation of covid-19 variations, and simplest the first model alpha has been said because of the precept circulating ancestors1. At a few degrees with inside the cutting-edge has a glance at, an entire of two thousand two hundred and seventy-four samples have been examined on PCR for the presence of sars-Cov-2 from the month of May additionally 14 to 31 May 2021, and amongst the ones, and almost 17% have been tested positive, even as eighty-three percent of the samples showed a failure of the spike gene purpose (sgtf). Of the strong samples, 22 were processed for whole- genome sequencing, the delta version times had been cautioned typically from Islamabad (63%) accompanied via way of means of Peshawar and Azad Kashmir (13%). Beta model times originated from Islamabad (56%), Peshawar (22%), Azad Kashmir, and Rawalpindi (11%). Drastically, the characteristic mutation e484q was also found in delta version b.1.617.22
Hair Dye (Kala-Pathar) Poisoning- A Lethal Toxin with Fatal Outcomes
Authors: Khan Saleemullah
Published: February 2023

Seventy-three percent of suicides in the world occur in developing countries1. It is the third heavy cause of death in 15-44 years age-bracket2. In Southeast Asian countries, the practice of self-harm with poison ingestion is exceedingly common. Although pesticide poisoning being the most common, there has been an alarming increase in hair-dye ingestion in lower income countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India. The use of so-called Kala-Pathar aka Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in making hair color is by and large confined to emerging nations specifically and is exceptionally rare in western world because of strict usage guidelines. On the contrary, the commonness of unintentional and self-destructive ingestion is more found in low financial regions where it is arising as a typical method for self-destruction especially Africa and Asia3. In our locale, Pakistan, reports have been received and recorded generally from Sindh and Punjab detailing the clinical signs and symptoms after (PPD) containing hair color ingestion4.
Comparative efficacy of the Antiplaque Effect of Natural Honey Mouthwash and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Quareshi Saima , Zehra Tazeen
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of natural Honey (10%) and chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.12%) on the dental plaque levels. Moreover, to evaluate the efficacy of natural Honey and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the level of dental plaque.

Methods: This study was a single-centered randomized controlled trial conducted on participants attending the Dental OPD of Dar-ul-Sehat hospital in Karachi. A total of 60 participants were included in the trial from June 2020 to December 2020. The sample size was calculated using openepi after entering the mean and SD of the honey and chlorhexidine groups. The study included sixty male and female participants ranging in age from 18 to 25 years, and those with medical illness, missing teeth, and antimicrobial history were excluded from the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: Natural Honey or Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. The data was collected at the baseline and 14th day; the plaque was revealed using a disclosing solution. Their scores were recorded at four sites per tooth using the Silness-Loe plaque index criteria. Later, statistical analysis was performed to compare the effects of the two groups. P ? 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Our findings revealed that both groups effectively lowered the plaque score. However, it showed a more significant reduction in plaque indices in the honey group on Day 14 when compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Conclusion: Honey has been identified as a potent antibacterial agent with therapeutic properties. Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to conclude that gargling with the original honey 10% solution is effective in lowering dental plaque score. Honey can be used in relation to conventional treatments to protect dental plaque and gingivitis. More research will be needed to back up these preliminary findings. Moreover, the synergistic effect of Chlorhexidine with natural Honey must be investigated
Pengaruh Biaya Distribusi Terhadap Laba Bersih Pada Perusahaan Di Sektor Transportasi dan Logistik Sub Sektor Logistik dan Pengantaran yang Terdaftar di BEIPeriode 2019-2021
Authors: Casmadi Y , Anggi Hutagalung Yosinda
Published: February 2023

Perusahaan di sub sektor logistik dan pengantaran merupakan perusahaan yang menyediakan jasa pengangkutan kargo, jasa kurir dan pengiriman barang melalui satu atau lebih modal transportasi seperti truk, kereta api, kapal laut, dan pesawat udara serta jasa pendukung terkait. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi agar perusahaan dapat menghasilkan laba yang maksimal adalah dari segi strategi distribusi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya distribusi terhadap laba bersih pada perusahaan di sektor transportasi dan logistik sub sektor logistik dan pengantaran yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2019-2021. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Teknik analisis data yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif, korelasi product moment, regresi linier sederhana, koefisien determinasi dan uji parsial (uji t). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa biaya distribusi secara parsial memiliki pengaruh terhadap laba bersih.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ SỎI BỂ THẬN NHIỀU VIÊN BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP NỘI SOI SAU PHÚC MẠC TẠI CẦN THƠ
Authors: Thái Thành Để , Nguyễn Trung Hiếu
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Sỏi hệ tiết niệu là bệnh thường gặp của đường tiết niệu. Phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc lấy sỏi đã chứng tỏ được nhiều ưu thế, giảm được các tai biến, biến chứng. Hiện nay, tại Cần Thơ vẫn chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu đánh giá kết quả điều trị sỏi bể thận bằng phương pháp nội soi sau phúc mạc, đặc biệt là sỏi bể thận nhiều viên. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và đánh giá kết quả điều trị sỏi bể thận nhiều viên bằng phương pháp nội soi sau phúc mạc lấy sỏi tại Cần Thơ 2021-2022. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang trên 35 bệnh nhân mắc sỏi bể thận nhiều viên được điều trị bằng phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc tại Cần Thơ từ 3/2021 đến tháng 7/2022. Kết quả: 35 bệnh nhân được đưa vào nghiên cứu, trong đó có 15 nam (42,9%), 20 nữ (57,1%). Độ tuổi trung bình của đối tượng nghiên cứu là 53,8±11,7 tuổi. Đau hông lưng là triệu chứng thường gặp nhất chiếm 94,3%. Vị trí sỏi: Bên phải chiếm 60%, bên trái chiếm 40%. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 112,7±28,4 phút. Kết quả tốt chiếm 71,4%, khá chiếm 22,9% và xấu chiếm 5,7%. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc là phương pháp điều trị an toàn và hiệu quả trong điều trị sỏi bể thận nhiều viên.
A STUDY ON THE EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF POPULAR MUSIC BANDS IN KENYA: THE CASE OF MASENO UNIVERSITY BAND
Authors: Kusienya Fred Wekesa , Mindoti Kaskon W. , Wanyama Mellitus N.
Published: February 2023

Majority of the music audience both within and without the academic circles in Kenya have perceived the function of popular music bands to be entertainment. This paper however takes a departure from this notion and explores other functions that the bands serve, beyond entertainment. Therefore, the study explored and brought to the fore the educational function that such bands also give to the society. With a focus on Maseno University Music band, the authors objectively sought to establish the teaching and training process, the performance styles, genres employed in music band instruction, the leadership organization and management of the band. Data collection methods and tools included interviews, participant and non-participant observation and tape recorder. The study population which comprised band practitioners, trainers and instructors was obtained through purposive and snowballing technique. Qualitative data obtained was organized in topics of discussion and presented in prose. It is hoped that the findings of this study shall augment the pool of existing knowledge of popular music locally and internationally.
MELODIC AND TEXTUAL RESOURCE MATERIALS IN A. T. ’S ‟ ________________________
Authors: Owoaje Tolulope Olusola
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the compositional resource materials of Yorùbá native airs (YNAs) composed by Rev. A. T. lá Olúdé in his o mn ook k n v l Yorùbá native air composers have contributed greatly to the development of the YNAs in Christian liturgy, which was as a result of the need for hymns that best represent the Yorùbá identity since there was a clash between the speech tone of the Yorùbá texts and the European hymn melodies of the translated European hymns. This paper established four compositional resource materials used in k n the Yorùbá hymn book. Rev. lá Olúdé adapted Yorùbá folktales and ceremonial melodies to which he added newly composed text in idiomatic Yorùbá language reflecting Christian doctrine. In addition, he adapted and madeparody of Yorùbá drum language in form of speech surrogacy. He also composed melodies in Yorùbá idioms to the first verse of translated European hymns and in addition, he composed entirely original hymns in both text and tune.
DETERMINANTS OF MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN IN THE KENYAN MUSIC EDUCATION SPACE
Authors: Kwamboka Osoro Tabitha , Monte Ernest Patrick , Were Marciana Nafula
Published: February 2023

Women music educators in Kenya have, for long-time, experienced inequalities while navigating the music education space. As pointed out by various feminist scholars in the west and Africa, the oppression of women is experienced in multiple ways on the basis of patriarchy, race, class and sexuality. Thus, this paper explores the determinants of marginalization of women music educators in the Kenyan music education spaces. It focuses on the experiences of women music educators to bring forth discourses of gender, class, western ideologies and sexuality within the music education field. The paper perpetuates two assertions. One, that women music educators are marginalized within the music education field and two, that these inequalities are differently experienced amongst them. Through the Foucauldian concept of power, the paper demonstrates how a dominant identity produces discourses that define the women music educators as subordinate.
THE GLOBALISATION OF AFRICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS: A CASE OF THE ADEUDEU OF TESO COMMUNITY IN KENYA
Authors: Masasabi Nancy A. , Kususienya Fred W.
Published: February 2023

There are various insights into the discourse of musical culture from a global context. Some of these insights include the impact of globalisation on the music industry and African music-making at large. African musical instruments continue to be cultural artifacts and productions of immaterial culture and music. African instruments have not remained static but have responded to intercultural reciprocity. This study stems from an ambit that has discussed African traditional musical instruments such as the Mbira, Kora, Djembe, and Endara of West and South Africa but needs to pay more attention to those from East Africa and Kenya in particular. This paper is a case study of the Adeudeu (a chordophone), a principal instrument of the Teso community in Western Kenya and a symbol of their cultural identity. The purpose is to highlight the extent to which traditional musical performances have been appropriated and retained in the contemporary setting creating their popular music. The study engaged eight musical groups drawn from each of Teso district’s divisions, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Qualitative data analysis was used. The paper analyses music performed on the traditional Adeudeu vis a vis that performed on the contemporary Adeudeu to elucidate similarities and differences in music making. The argument is that a change in one element of the musical ensemble has ramifications on the music producing a different ‘musical colour’. The paper culminates in highlighting changes that have taken place on the instrument and the overall musical rendition of the Teso.
ANALYSIS OF BÈMBÉ MUSIC OF OBÀFÈMI OWÓDÉ COMMUNITY, OGUN STATE SOUTH WEST NIGERIA
Authors: Oikelome Albert
Published: February 2023

This paper examined the structural forms of Bèmbé music in Obàfèmi Owódé local government area of Abeokuta in Ògùn State. It also investigated the content and context of Bèmbé musical performance among the people with specific reference to rituals. The study equally examined the musical instruments used in Bèmbé musical performance and categorised them under the Sachs and Honbostel system of classification. The performances of the Arífáyò family band wererecorded and their songs randomly selected then subsequently analysed after the collection of relevant data from the field. Through detailed analysis, the study reveals salient elements of call and response with varied improvisations used in the music. It also established the multiple function of music performance in the context of social interaction and religious experience.
ADVOCACY FOR CONTEXTUALIZATION OF CHRISTIAN WORSHIP IN AFRICA
Authors: Jessee Wanderi
Published: February 2023

Though Christianity is the biggest religion in Africa (Johnson, 2018) its liturgy remains predominantly Western. Religion being a link between a community and its deity must be authentic and contextualized for it to have meaning. The introduction of Christianity and the damnation of the African culture by early missionaries, has contributed to the current worship style that can only truly be defined as foreign. Consequently, there has been retrogression over time of positive traditional worship practices that otherwise contribute to an authentic African liturgy. This paper seeks to demystify the notion that the African culture and its worship is entirely based on pagan practices and therefore void of emulative practices that can be used to enhance and contextualize worship. It seeks to illuminate the role that music plays in liturgy and worship within the African context. The method adopted for this study is qualitative and comparative approach. This study elucidates the fact that Africans are religious and contextualization of worship enhances and authenticates worship. It is a call on elite African musicians to educate church leaders and congregants on the need for contextualized worship based on idioms inherent within the African culture and worship. Recommendations on the incubation of contextualized African worship models; for both religious leaders and church musicians has therefore been made an integral part of this study.
Contextualizing Traditional Music Studies in an Institution of Higher Learning: A Case Study of the BA Irish Music and Dance at the University of Limerick
Authors: Nzewi O’dyke
Published: February 2023

The indigenous knowledge system that informs the content of African performance practices derives from the distinctive history, philosophy, creative theory, geographical location, cross-cultural influences, and such of particular African communities. The transfer of these indigenous knowledge systems to students in a classroom situation has been a challenge in African school curriculum. There are music cultures that have been able to appropriate their indigenous music cultures for classroom education at the third level of education. This paper, therefore, is an investigation into one of such institutions that have incorporated its traditional music into the music curriculum and the contextual implications of achieving this feat.
Relation of Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in few Diseases
Authors:   Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Ghazizadeh Elham , Ganji Shahla , Nassey Zahra , Jamiallahmadi Khadijeh
Published: February 2023

The abundance of circulating miRNAs which are small non-coding RNAs involved in posttranscrip-tional regulation of gene expression in body fluids of patients with cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neuro-logical diseases, autoimmune and infectious diseases hold great promise to identify stable and specific bi-omarkers, which may be useful for early diagnosis as well as to predict the clinical outcome and treatment response. Because of an aberrant miRNA expression, emerging theme for a wide variety of diseases, high-lighting the fundamental role played by miRNAs in both physiological and pathological states. Recent stud-ies have reported significant levels of miRNAs in serum and other body fluids, raising the possibility that circulating miRNAs could serve as useful clinical biomarker. We review the disease and cancer-specific profiles of circulating microRNAs. We also discuss possible functions of circulating microRNAs and their potential as non-invasive biomarkers. Keywords: Biomarker, circulating mi RNA, cancer, cardiovascular diseases
Epidural Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine or Fentanyl for Lower Abdominal and Lower Limb Surgeries - A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors:   Professor, BGS Global Medical college, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Nupoor Neha , Talikoti Anand T , PB Ramesh Kumar , K Dinesh
Published: February 2023

Background: Epidural anaesthesia with catheter insertion offers a useful anaesthetic technique for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Further it can also be used to offer effective post operative analgesia. Adjuvants added to local anaesthetics improve the quality of epidural block and prolong block-ade. Objectives: To assess and compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to epi-dural bupivacaine in lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries Materials and Methods: This randomized prospective study was conducted in a referral teaching hospital in Kolar, Karnataka. Sixty adult patients of either sex belonging to ASA physical status I and II and aged between 18 to 50 years undergoing elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under epidural anaesthesia were studied. Patients were random-ly allotted to group D who received epidural bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine and to Group F who re-ceived bupivacaine with fentanyl. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks with haemodynamic variability were assessed. The requirement of rescue analgesics and side effects were recorded. Continuous data is analysed using student t-test and categorical data using Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Time to attain adequate sensory and motor block was faster in Group D in comparison to Group F (p<0.001). Two segment regression, the duration of analgesia and time to complete motor recovery was prolonged in Group D when compared to Group F. On-set of sensory blockade and motor blockade were faster in group D compared to group F. Duration of senso-ry and motor blockade were prolonged in group D compared to compared to group F. Conclusion: Epidural bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine is associated with faster onset of and prolonged sensory and motor blockade with lesser requirement of rescue analgesia compared to bupivacaine with fentanyl. Keywords: Epidural analgesia, Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl, RCT
Primary Parasitic Leiomyoma: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., A K Jayashree , Raidu Deepthi
Published: February 2023

Leiomyoma is one of the most common benign tumor of uterus. They are the most common tumour of the female pelvis and the diagnosis is usually straightforward. Sometimes they undergo various patholog-ic changes when they may pose diagnostic and management difficulties. Parasitic fibroid being one such tumor which presents rarely and is a challenge for its diagnosis and management. Keywords: Primary parasitic leiomyoma, fibroid, uterine tumor, degenerative changes
Mapping of Vector Borne Diseases using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, S J Dr. Naresh Kumar
Published: February 2023

Vector-borne diseases accounts for more than 17% of all infectious diseases in the world causing more than 1 million deaths annually. Around 2.5 billion people in over 100 countries are at a risk of contracting dengue alone. Ma-laria causes more than 4 lakh deaths every year globally and most of in them children of under 5 years. Around 13,000 cases of malaria are being reported annually in Karnataka state for the past few years. Kolar is declared by NVBDCP as one among the 13 malaria endemic districts in Karnataka state
Yoga for Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus)
Authors:   Principal, Shri J.G.C.H.S Ayurvedic Medical College, Ghataprabha, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, Sarma Dr. Jayanta Kumar
Published: February 2023

Ayurveda describes Madhumeha under Asth-amagada (eight major diseases) and is one of the oldest documented disease. It is described as a disease in which the patients urine is sweet as honey, quantitatively increased and of Kashaya rasa, Aruna varna and Ruksha in guna or quality. Since the ancient times management of Madhumeha has been through a multi-pronged approach with includes diet modifica-tion, drug prescription, behaviour modification and control of psychosomatic factors. Modern life style though physically comfortable is men-tally stressful and is blended with faulty die-tary habits and poor physical activity which are risks for diabetes.[1]
The Looming Menace of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and the Quest for the Elusive Vaccine
Authors:   MD(BHU), DNB, D(ABMM) Professor of Microbiology, SVIMS, Sri Padmavathi Medical College (Women),Tirupati-517507, Andhra Pradesh, India, Chaudhury Dr. Abhijit
Published: February 2023

The malady which took away the life of the protagonist in John Bunyan’s book of 1680 “The life and death of Mr Badman” was con-sumption and it was described as “The captain of all these men of death”. Tuberculosis (TB), which was a major killer in the mediaeval times, still remains a formidable disease to reckon with, causing substantial mortality in the economically less developed countries in the world.