bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR IRRIGATION PUMPING SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Authors: DIOP Lamine
Published: August 2021

Climate change has become a major constraint to the development of rain-fed agriculture due to the decline of rainfall. Therefore, irrigated agriculture is an alternative allowing farmers to have more access to water in order to meet crop water requirements. However, irrigated agriculture faces a major constraint related to the accessibility of energy sources used in pumping water. In general, the most common energy sources used in pumping water for irrigation are fuel and electricity. Nevertheless, they are very expensive, are not always accessible particularly in rural areas in Africa and have a negative impact on the environment; hence the need to find alternatives to solve this problem. This review focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of solar irrigation pumps and the impact of their use on the environment. Several aspects related to solar pumping have been discussed, namely the components of the solar pumping system, the energy source used, the principle of operation of the system, the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility. Reviews show that the use of solar irrigation pumps is a technically and economically feasible alternative in several areas with less environmental impact.
ON THE EVALUATION OF THE GRADIENT TREE BOOSTING MODEL FOR GROUNDWATER LEVEL FORECASTING
Authors: Naganna Sujay Raghavendra , Beyaztas Beste Hamiye , Bokde Neeraj , Armanuos Asaad M.
Published: August 2021

Though groundwater is a replenishable resource, it’s over exploitation has posed greater problem of its depletion. Hence, monitoring and forecasting of groundwater levels has become a primary task of governmental water boards/agencies for sustainable water management. The current study focused on evaluating the performance of Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB) model with that of conventional Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) models in forecasting groundwater levels of two coastal aquifers. Data of two groundwater level monitoring wells penetrating into unconfined aquifers located at Shirtadi and Rayee near to Mangalore city of Karnataka state, India was considered in the present study. Monthly groundwater level data of the years 2000 – 2013 were used for model simulation; wherein 70% of data was used for model training and the remaining 30% served as testing data. Comparative result evaluation shows that the proposed GTB approach for one month ahead groundwater level forecasting was giving much accurate results than the other models for the same period of time and same set of data. For Rayee monitoring well, the error statistic, RRMSE of GTB, GMDH and ANFIS models obtained during test phase were 0.473, 0.517 and 0.7522, respectively. The comparison is examined further with different performance metrics.
The Association of Ponderal Benznidazole with its Ultra-high Diluted Formula Reduces the Toxic Effects and Allows Increasing of Dose in Dose-dependent Protocol in Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Aleixo Denise Lessa , Benvenutti Mateus Joacir , Lera Katiucha Rebeca Jennifer Lopes , Ciupa Larissa , Ferraz Fabiana Nabarro , De AraÃºjo Silvana Marques
Published: August 2021

Although several diseases are treated by toxic drugs, their side effects may hamper adherence to the therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the association of ponderal benznidazole (BZ) with its ultra-high diluted (UHD) formula on clinical and parasitological parameters of mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). 24 non-isogenic Swiss mice were divided into groups: CI â€“ infected animals treated with 7% alcohol; BZp â€“ infected animals treated with BZ (500 mg/ kg) from the beginning of infection; BZp+d â€“ infected animals treated with ponderal BZ and with UHD BZ, which started to be administered four days after the beginning of treatment with ponderal BZ; CNI - group of non-treated and non-infected animals. The UHD medicine was prepared according to Phamacopoeia until 30x. The different treatment schedules were statistically compared through parasitological and clinical parameters. The group BZp+d displayed more favorable clinical evolution than the group BZp, with improvement of mass gain, feed conversion and water intake, presenting data approximated to CNI group. The significant increase of the body temperature of BZp+d group indicates an activation of the immune system which was not observed in the other groups. Moreover, the anti-parasitic effect of the ponderal drug was maintained in all parasitological parameters of this group. By reducing the side effects and maintaining the action of the ponderal drug, the combination of toxic drugs with their UHD formula could be considered a way of improving efficacy of the treatment.
Relative importance and interactions of primary and secondary ice production in the Arctic mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Zhao Xi , Liu Xiaohong
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A discrepancy of up to 5 orders of magnitude between ice crystal and ice nucleating particle (INP) number concentrations was found in the measurements, indicating the potential important role of secondary ice production (SIP) in the clouds. However, the relative importance and interactions between primary and SIP processes remain unexplored. In this study, we implement five different ice nucleation schemes as well as physical representations of SIP processes (i.e., droplet shattering during rain freezing, ice-ice collisional break-up, and rime splintering) in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). We run CESM2 in the single column mode for model comparisons with the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) observations. We find that the model experiments with aerosol-aware ice nucleation schemes and SIP processes yield the best simulation results for the M-PACE single-layer mixed-phase clouds. We further investigate the relative importance of ice nucleation and SIP to ice number and cloud phase as well as interactions between ice nucleation and SIP in the M-PACE single-layer mixed-phase clouds. Our results show that SIP contributes 80 % to the total ice formation and transforms ~ 30 % of pure liquid-phase clouds simulated in the model experiments without considering SIP into mixed-phase clouds. We find that SIP is not only a result of ice crystals produced from ice nucleation, but also competes with the ice nucleation. Conversely, strong ice nucleation also suppresses SIP by glaciating mixed-phase clouds.
AsiaRiceMap10m: high-resolution annual paddy rice maps for Southeast and Northeast Asia from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Han Jichong , Zhang Zhao , Luo Yuchuan , Cao Juan , Zhang Liangliang , Cheng Fei , Zhuang Huimin , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2021

Abstract. An accurate paddy rice map is crucial for food security, particularly for Southeast and Northeast Asia. The MODIS satellite data is useful for mapping paddy rice at continental scales but has a problem of mixed-pixel due to coarse spatial resolution. To reduce the mixed pixels, we designed a rule-based method for mapping paddy rice by integrating time-series Sentinel-1 and MODIS data. We demonstrated the method in generating annual paddy rice maps for Southeast and Northeast Asia in 2017–2019 (AsiaRiceMap10m). The resultant paddy rice maps were compared with available agricultural statistics at subnational levels and existing rice maps for some countries. The results show that the linear coefficient of determination (R2) between our paddy rice maps and agricultural statistics ranges from 0.80 to 0.97. The paddy rice planting areas in 2017 were spatially consistent with the existing maps in Vietnam (R2 = 0.93) and Northeast China (R2 = 0.99). The spatial distribution of the 2017–2019 composite paddy rice map is consistent with the rice map from the International Rice Research Institute. The paddy rice planting area may be underestimated in the region where the flooding signal is not strong. The dataset is useful for water resource management, rice growth, and yield monitoring. The full product is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.17632/j34b3jsvr9.1 (Han et al., 2021a). Find small examples here (https://doi.org/10.17632/cnc3tkbwcm.1) (Han et al., 2021b).
Development of a country-wide seismic site-response zonation map for the Netherlands
Authors: van Ginkel Janneke , Ruigrok Elmer , Stafleu Jan , Herber Rien
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Earthquake site-response is an essential part of seismic hazard assessment, especially in densely populated areas. The shallow geology of the Netherlands consists of a very heterogeneous soft sediment cover, which has a strong effect on seismic wave propagation and in particular on the amplitude of ground shaking, resulting in significant damage on structures despite the fact that the events are of small magnitude. Even though it is a low-to-moderate seismicity area, the seismic risk cannot be neglected, in particular, because shallow induced earthquakes occur. The aim of this study is to establish a nationwide site-response zonation by using the lithostratigraphy, earthquake- and ambient vibration recordings. In the first step, we constrain the parameters (velocity contrast and shear-wave velocity) that are indicative of ground-motion amplification in the Groningen area. For this, we combine ambient vibration and earthquake recordings using resp. the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method (HVSR), borehole empirical transfer functions (ETFs) and amplification factors (AFs). This enables us to define an empirical relationship between measured earthquake amplification from the ETF and AF, and amplification estimated with the HVSR derived from the ambient seismic field. Therewith, we show that the HVSR can be used as a first proxy for amplification. Subsequently, HVSR curves throughout the Netherlands are estimated. The resulting peak amplitudes largely coincide with the in-situ lithostratigraphic sequences and the presence of a strong velocity contrast in the near-surface. Next, sediment profiles representing the Dutch shallow subsurface are categorized into five classes, where each class is representing a level of expected amplification. The mean amplification for each class, and its variability, is quantified using 66 sites with measured earthquake amplification (ETF and AF) and 115 sites with HVSR curves. The site-response (amplification) zonation map for the Netherlands is designed by transforming published geological 3D grid cell models into the five classes and an AF is assigned to most of the classes. This presented site-response assessment on a national scale is important for a first identification of regions with increased seismic hazard potential, for example at locations with mining or geothermal energy activities.
Brown tumor of the mandible as an initial presentation of hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Delantoni Antigone , Önder Merve , Orhan Kaan
Published: August 2021

The paper presents a brown tumor case related to secondary hyperparathyroidism in an end stage kidney disease patient undergoing dialysis treatment. The interesting feature of the case is that the primary clinical presentation of the condition was a mild swelling in the attached gingiva of a mandibular molar tooth. Medical practitioners should be alert to the fact that some pathological conditions may have an initial presentation in the oral cavity. Thus, a thorough and careful examination of the oral mucosa with the accompanying dental radiographs of patients, should be noted and studied in all cases, where available.
Hubungan Status Akreditasi Sekolah Dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Siswa Di MTS Nurul Amaliyah
Authors: Rica Widiastuty Azwardi, Mutiara Ritonga,
Published: August 2021

Pengembangan potensi yang dimiliki. Sebagai peningkatan keimanan, ketaqwaan, akhlak mulia, bertanggung jawab dan mandiri. Maka setiap lembaga Pendidikan memiliki misi untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kualitas pendidikannya. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan kini sebenarnya sedang dan akan terus dilaksanakan secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Hubungan Status Akreditasi Sekolah Dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Siswa di MTS Nurul Amaliyah Jl. Sei Merah Desa Dagang Kerawan Tanjung Morawa Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini  menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Sebagai subjek dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak didik di MTS Nurul Amaliyah. Data yang Korelasi Product Moment Pearson yaitu untuk menguji hipotesis dan menganalisa data penelitian yang bersifat hubungan (assosiatif). Uji t adalah rumus untuk menguji tingkat signifikasi korelasi , maka dapat dilihat pengujian hipotesis dan melihat signifikan variabel bebas dan variabel terikat dengan ketentuan :  Bila t hitung > t tabel, maka ada pengaruh signifikan antara X dan Y begitu pula sebaliknya. Nilai t hitung yang didapat dari analisis sebesar 2.162 sedangkan pada t tabel sebesar 1.960 (dk=170), jadi t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel sehingga korelasi antara kedua variabel signifikan.  Koefisien Determinasi (D), teknik yang dipergunakan untuk mengetahui berapa persen besarnya pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Perhitungannya dilakukan dengan mengkuadratkan nilai koefisien product moment (rxy) dan dikalikan dengan 100%, didapat nilai 4.67%. Melalui uji determinasi tersebut  dapat diketahui bahwa kepuasan siswa dipengaruhi oleh akreditasi sekolah hanya sebesar 4.67%. Sedangkan sisanya 95.33,% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya seperti lokasi dan lingkungan sekolah, biaya yang relatif murah, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler  dan lain sebagainya.
Pengaruh Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Dan Sumber Daya Guru Aqidah Akhlak Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak
Authors: Fauzi Ridwan Zulaika, Nanda Miranda,
Published: August 2021

Gejala sosial baru yang terjadi di masyarakat akhir-akhir ini yang berimplikasi pada tuntutan dan harapan model pendidikan masa depan. Kenyataan di lapangan memperlihatkan profesional guru masih belum memadai. Hal ini yang menjadi salah satu faktor rendahnya prestasi belajar. Tulisan ini menggambarkan Pengaruh Manajemen Pendidikan Islam dan Sumber Daya Guru Aqidah Akhlak terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru-guru Aqidah Akhlak dan Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri dan Swasta se- Kabupaten Langkat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data mengenai manajemen pendidikan Islam dan sumber daya guru aqidah akhlak dilakukan melalui penyebaran angket. Data terkumpul melalui angket dari 81 responden sebagai sampel total dari 69 Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri dan Swasta se- Kabupaten Langkat. Prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran di ambil dari nilai laport kemudian dirata-ratakan per sekolah. Data diolah dengan menggunakan program SPSS 17 for wimdows. Berdasarkan analisis hasil penelitian di atas dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu Manajemen pendidikan islam dan sumber daya guru aqidah akhlak secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran aqidah akhlak, artinya semakin baik manajemen pendidikan Islam dan sumber daya guru aqidah akhlak cenderung semakin tinggi tingkat prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran aqidah akhlak. Sehubungan dengan hasil penelitian di atas, disampaikan saran-saran (1). diperlukan peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang manajemen pendidikan Islam sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa sehingga siswa terhindar dari terjadinya degradasi moral. (2). perlu adanya upaya-upaya peningkatan sumber daya guru Aqidah Akhlak melalui pelatihan-pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi guru, karena sumber daya yang dimiliki guru berpengaruh terhadap rendah tingginya mutu pendidikan. (3). Bagi peneliti selanjutnya disarankan untuk melakukan penelitian dengan cakupan materi yang lebih luas, pengembangan variabel-variabel penelitian dan pengkajian yang lebih dalam.
Antara Rusia dan Indonesia: Petualangan film dan budaya dari Awal Uzhara
Authors: Santoso Gilang Bayu
Published: August 2021

Para penikmat sinema di Indonesia tentu tidak asing dengan nama-nama seperti Sjumandjaja, Sukarno M. Noor, Bing Slamet dan banyak lagi lainnya. Mereka adalah nama-nama besar yang pernah menghiasi dunia film Indonesia dan berjaya dimasa nya, bahkan hingga saat ini nama dan karyanya masih sering kita perbincangkan. Tetapi, jika kita mau sedikit menilik kembali sejarah secara mendetail, kita semua telah luput pada satu nama yaitu Awal Uzhara, nama yang seharusnya dapat diperhitungkan di jagat sinema Indonesia jika saja nasib buruk terkait peristiwa G30S tidak menimpanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang Awal Uzhara dan proses pengkaryaan Awal Uzhara sebagai seorang sutradara, aktor maupun pelaku seni. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tekhnik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.
Long-Term Perspectives of Human Resources in Georgia
Authors: Svirava Gela , Svirava Giorgi
Published: August 2021

we have analyzed Georgia’s population by country and by region, developed calculation methodology of occupied region’s population, analyzed quantitative condition of Georgia’s citizenship receiving persons and those with residency permit , natural increase and Natural increase coefficient are studied on the level of country and region. Based on research we made Georgia’s population and human resource (work force) quantitative forecast for 2025-2100 years. Also, it is mentioned, that for human resource drain, decrease and natural population growth it is important for economical politics to be completely revised and with that, happen the reforming of educational system in a way, that the development of technology-generating specializations and increase of research costs within at least 1.5 percent of GDP to be fully supported. Also, it is important to implement large projects in the regions, such as, for example "Anaklia Port". The Non-implementation of this kind of project specifically in region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti will decrease the population in nearest 45 years by 50 percent. The situation is similar in almost all regions of Georgia.
The Essence of Political Behavior and Forms
Authors: Gogua Malkhaz
Published: August 2021

The aim of the work is to study political behavior and formation. Researching process of the problem depends on the methods of comparing and empirical analysis. The work is partly studying effort of political behavior and related problem in Georgian Political Science. Political behavior is the form of political activeness and passiveness, which represents different forms of political persons’ actions, with aim of satisfying politically important interest of these persons. Conclusions according to the researching result can be used in the process of analysis of political behavior.
Allegory of the Didgori War, allusions and paradigms in the poem "The Knight in the shoes of a Panther"
Authors: Biganishvili Tinatin
Published: August 2021

In the Georgian mythology the underworld, ctonic world is symbolized by Kajeti (Kajaveti), the residence of negative demons, after defeating of which St. George and other Sons of God after descent to the underworld obtain treasure, chalice. This is the initation path of St. George. In ,,The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” the symbolic drama of the heroic initation is given through the images of the Georgian mythology and folklore. In the Georgian culture and mentality of XII c. the defeating of the underworld, ctonic world, the victory over the lower world is the end of the initation path of sunny heroes and knights. In ,,The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” it is symbolized by two episodes: defeating of Kajeti and the big war of Khataeti. Also, these two episodes contain symbols and allegories, allusions and paradigmatic meanings, which are connected with the main Georgian symbol of the defeating of evil by God’s knights – The Didgori battle.
Perspnages like Rustaveli’s in a biographical novel (Rostom Chkheidze’s ‘Son of music’, ‘Days of storm’- cronicle of Merab Kostava’s life)
Authors: Pipia Nestan
Published: August 2021

In the article a summary account and ideological meaning in the title of the biographical novel and in general allusive style of Rostom Chkheidze’s biographical novels is underlined. The author is drawing a parallel between ‘ The Knight in the Panther’s Skin’ Tariel-Avtandil and Zviad-Merab, people of the 20-th century. (A real face of Avtandil-Tariel, their life style, knightly friendship is shown). By telling above mentioned novel in artistic and publicistic way the etimology each of the names is proved to make clear the research question, which leads to the main point. From the aesthetics of the title ‘Sons of music’ and ‘Days of storm’ the author links the way of Zviadi’s life to the highest art, eucharist and struggle against dictatorial regime, fight for the health of the nation’s conscious and soul. It is significant that documental materials in the novel are shown with amazing frankness. For true attitude, creativity and originality each passage is convincing. The reader shares the true friendship of these two special friends who managed to face the challenges in Georgia where the soviet darkness and arrogance of national movement was rising. Artistic peculiarity of the work is that it guides you to informatical awareness through the deep lays of literature, music, politics and tells you everything with refined sequence. It is the method chosen by Rostom Chkheidze. This thick book carries true knightly friendship of Merab Kostava and Zviad Gamsakhurdia who where brought by fate on ruds of Konstantine Gamsakhurdia in Colchic tower. They were similar to Rustaveli’s personages, the way of struggling with evil was chosen by them in the same way.
Analysis of Financial Fundamental Factors and Systematic Risks on Stock Prices of Pharmaceutical Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2010-2019
Authors: Sukartini Hulu Tri Hartati , Yahya Idhar , . Tarmizi
Published: August 2021

The study aims to analyze fundamental financial factors and systematic risks to the share prices of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. This study uses the company's share price as a dependent variable and returns on Return on Equity (ROE), Earning Per Share (EPS), Price Earning Ratio (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Beta stock as independent variables. Samples were taken as many as nine pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2010-2019. The data used in the financial statements of each sample company, published through www.IDX.co.id and www.financeyahoo.com. The analysis method used in this study is a quantitative method, with classic assumption testing and statistical analysis that is multiple linear regression analysis using a standard effect model. The sampling method used is saturated sampling. The analysis results showed that the financial ratio consisting of ROE, DER, and the Beta stock had a negative effect and did not significantly affect the stock price. EPS has a negative and significant effect on the stock price, while PER and PBV have a positive and insignificant effect on the stock price.

Keywords: Return on Equity (ROE), Earning Per Share (EPS), Price Earning Ratio (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Beta Stock and Stock Price.
Comparative Study of Ketamine and Fentanyl When Added to Intrathecal Bupivacaine on Sensory and Motor Blockade in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Wani Saba , Ali Wani Sadia , Mariyam Salma
Published: August 2021

Introduction:- Ketamine and Fentanyl used intrathecally as adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for patients undergoing TAH to shorten the onset of sensory and motor blockade and prolonging the duration of block.
Aims and Objective:-We evaluated onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade and timing of regression of sensory blockade to T 12 and motor blockade to Bromage scale 3.
Material and Methods:-This analytical Comparative Study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow over a period of eighteen months from 2016 -2018 following approval from institutional ethical committee and written informed patient consent. The sample size of 162 female patient aged 40 to 60 years, belonging to ASA physical status 1 and 2 undergoing TAH were randomly allocated to three groups in double blind manner. Group I Received Inj. Bupivacaine (0.5% Heavy) 3.0ml + Inj. Ketamine (25 mg), Group II Received Inj. Bupivacaine (0.5% Heavy) 3.0 ml + Inj. Fentanyl (25 µgm), Group III (Control Group): Received Inj. Bupivacaine (0.5% Heavy) 3.0 ml + Normal saline 0.5 ml. Onset and Duration of Sensory and Motor Blockade and time taken for regression of sensory level to T12 and motor level to Bromage scale 3 noted.
Results:- The present study showed that both Ketamine as well as Fentanyl shortened the onset time and prolonged the block duration. However, with respect to onset time, ketamine has shorter onset of blockade than fentanyl.
Conclusion:- Both the modalities independently assured quicker onset and prolonged duration of block, thus suggesting that adjuvant use of either of two could be beneficial.

Keywords: TAH, Ketamine, Fentanyl, Bupivacaine.
The Influence of Financial Literacy, Lifestyle and Self-Control on the Consumption Behavior of Economic Education Student
Authors: Fariana Ririn Eka , Surindra Bayu , Arifin Zainal
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine financial literacy and lifestyle as well as self-control on the consumptive behavior of Economic Education students at UNP Kediri. This research approach used a quantitative approach as well as descriptive research techniques and multiple linear regressions. The sample collection used was a purposive sampling technique totaling 46 students. The results of this study indicated that financial literacy had a positive effect and had a significant value on student consumptive behavior, this can be seen in the value of Sig 0.027 <0.05. This lifestyle had a positive effect and had a significant value on the consumptive behavior of students, this could be seen in the value of Sig 0.038 <0.05. Self-control had a positive effect and had a significant value also on the consumptive behavior of students, this could be seen in the value of Sig 0.002 <0.05. Financial literacy, lifestyle and self-control had a significant and significant effect on the consumptive behavior of students, this could be seen in the value of Sig 0.000 <0.05.

Keywords: Financial Literacy, Lifestyle, Self Control, Consumptive Behavior.
Comprehensive evaluation of protein-coding sORFs prediction based on a random sequence strategy
Authors: Yu Jiafeng , Guo Li , Dou Xianghua , Jiang Wenwen , Qian Bowen , Liu Jian , Wang Jun , Wang Chunling , Xu Congmin
Published: August 2021

Background: Small open reading frames (sORFs) with protein-coding ability present unprecedented challenge for genome annotation because of their short sequence and low expression level. In the past decade, only several prediction methods have been proposed for discovery of protein-coding sORFs and lack of objective and uniform negative datasets has become an important obstacle to sORFs prediction. The prediction efficiency of current sORFs prediction methods needs to be further evaluated to provide better research strategies for protein-coding sORFs discovery. Methods: In this work, nine mainstream existing methods for predicting protein-coding potential of ORFs are comprehensively evaluated based on a random sequence strategy. Results: The results show that the current methods perform poorly on different sORFs datasets. For comparison, a sequence based prediction algorithm trained on prokaryotic sORFs is proposed and its better prediction performance indicates that the random sequence strategy can provide feasible ideas for protein-coding sORFs predictions. Conclusions: As a kind of important functional genomic element, discovery of protein-coding sORFs has shed light on the dark proteomes. This evaluation work indicates that there is an urgent need for developing specialized prediction tools for protein-coding sORFs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It is expected that the present work may provide novel ideas for future sORFs researches.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the imperative ecological remediation regarding tree growth, root development, and edaphic properties after Typhoon Hato (2017) in Zhuhai, China
Authors: Zhang Chi , Qian Wanhui , Song Lei , Xu Dongxian , Zhao Qing
Published: August 2021

Background: urban forest in coastal cities encounters multiple disturbances of frequent typhoon events caused by global change, under which ecological remediation can help to improve urban environment. We measured and analyzed the growth and ecosystem services of four newly-planted tree species in Zhuhai after Typhoon Hato (2017), aiming to evaluate the efficiency of the ecological remediation. Methods: National Meteorological Information Center of China supplied climate variables. From June 2018 to December 2019, we measured soil physical and chemical properties, above- and below-ground development regarding stem, tree height, and root growth of all the selected tree species. Results: Sl (Sterculia lanceolata Cav.), Ir (Ilex rotunda Thunb), Ss (Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.) could be more wind-resistant from the above-ground morphological perspective. For the below-ground process, Sl was the only tree species with continuous development, while Ir, Ss, and Es (Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir.) decreased. Furthermore, Sl, Ir, and Ss maintained their investment in deep roots when Es had apparent deep root biomass reduction. The edaphic condition showed notable improvement in chemical properties rather than physical properties, especially for AN (available nitrogen), AK (available potassium), and SOM (soil organic matter). Conclusions: The ecological remediation in Zhuhai after Typhoon Hato (2017) was efficient, and in the future, tree species like Sl with advantages in root development and morphological profile were preferentially recommender for plantation in typhoon-affected areas.
Rictor is involved in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory but not autism-like behaviors
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Xu Man , Xu Qingbao , Yang Feng , Tang Hui , Shao Chuan , Wang Luyi , Wang Yan , Deng Jing , Wang Shali
Published: August 2021

Background: The CTNND2 gene which encodes a δ-catenin protein (CTNND2) is associated with multiple severe neurological disorders. However, the specific role of CTNND2 in spatial cognition and related mechanisms remains obscure. Methods: In this study, we generated a new line of Ctnnd2-Knock out (KO) mice with its exon2 deleted, and then characterized their behavioral phenotypes and explore the Biological mechanism. Results: Ctnnd2-KO mice were with typical autism-like behaviors as evidenced by reduced social interaction in three-chamber sociability test, more frequent stereotypic behaviors (self-grooming), and deficits in spatial learning and memory tested by the Morris water maze. Furthermore, the expression of Rictor protein, a core component of the mTORC2 complex, was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of mutant mice. ShRNA-induced knockdown of Rictor protein in the hippocampus of both Ctnnd2-KO mice and wild-type mice exacerbated spatial learning and memory deficits but did not affect their autism-like behaviors. Mechanistically, the hippocampal CA1 neurons of Ctnnd2-KO mice showed decreased actin polymerization, postsynaptic spine density. Down-regulation of Rictor resulted in altered expression of post-synaptic proteins such as GluR1 and ELKS, but not presynaptic protein Synapsin1, implying abnormal synaptic changes in KO mice. Conclusion: The CTNND2 gene is involved in spatial learning and memory via Rictor-mediated actin polymerization and synaptic plasticity. Our study provides a novel insight into the role and mechanisms of the Ctnnd2 gene in cognition at the molecular and synaptic levels. Highlights 1. Ctnnd2−/− mice exhibited autism-like behaviors and impaired spatial learning and memory. 2. Rictor was involved in the regulation of Ctnnd2-associated spatial cognition but not autism-like behaviors. 3. Rictor played a crucial role in spatial learning and memory by modulating postsynaptic changes in hippocampal neurons of Ctnnd2-⁣/- mice.
Smart drugs and neuroenhancement: what do we know?
Authors: Esposito Massimiliano , Cocimano Giuseppe , Ministrieri Federica , Rosi Giuseppe Li , Nunno Nunzio Di , Messina Giovanni , Sessa Francesco , Salerno Monica
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Smart drugs are among the most common drugs used by students. It is estimated that they are second in incidence after cannabis. Although they are usually used for diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dementia, in most cases the use of smart drugs is illegal and without a prescription. Methodological issues: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. SCOPUS, Medline (using PubMed as a search engine), Embase, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar were used as search engines from January 1, 1980 to June 1, 2021 to evaluate the association between smart drugs and neuro-enhancement. A total of 4715 articles were collected. Of these, 295 duplicates were removed. A total of 4380 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. In conclusion, 48 articles were included in the present systematic review. Results: Most of the studies were survey studies, 1 was a prospective longitudinal study, 1 was a cross-over study, and 1 was an experimental study in an animal model (rats). The largest group of consumers was school or university students. The most frequent reasons for using smart drugs were: better concentration, neuro enhancement, stress reduction, time optimization, increased wake time, increased free time, and curiosity. There are conflicting opinions, in fact, regarding their actual functioning and benefit, it is not known whether the benefits reported by consumers are due to the drugs, the placebo effect or a combination of these. The real prevalence is underestimated: it is important that the scientific community focus on this issue with further studies on animal models to validate their efficacy.
Possible causes of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Adams James D.
Published: August 2021

Parkinson’s disease, in most patients, is possibly caused by natural oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons, insufficient exercise and galactose induced oxidative stress. Dopamine oxidizes to produce oxygen radicals that damage neurons. Exercise generates lactic acid and myokines that are essential for brain health. Galactose produces oxidative stress in the brain. These factors change with age and lifestyle. It is likely that lifestyle interventions, including daily exercise and much less alcohol and milk consumption, can delay or prevent Parkinson’s disease.
Visual hallucination caused by multiloculated hydrocephalus in the frontal lobe: a case report
Authors: 石田 哲朗
Published: August 2021

A 72-year-old man consulted our hospital for visual hallucination. His non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of head showed multiloculated hydrocephalus in the frontal lobe. Memantine treatment was started and his visual hallucination disappeared. This is a rare case of frontal lobe damage causing visual hallucination.
Cultivo in vitro de Lenga (Nothofagus pumilio)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Síntesis de los resultados del proyecto Innova Chile 02C8FT-05: "Masificación de genotipos de interés comercial de Lenga en la XI Región", ejecutado por el Instituto Forestal entre los años 2003 y 2006, con la colaboración de la Corporación Nacional Forestal, Forestal Aysén y el Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas CADIC de Argentina
La Industria del Aserrío 2010
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Entre los meses de Junio y Julio del año 2010, INFOR realizó un muestreo a la Industria Forestal Primaria, con el propósito de conocer la realidad del sector forestal chileno, después de los acontecimientos del 27 de febrero en nuestro país. Para ello se seleccionó una muestra representativa de aserraderos a nivel nacional y regional, con el propósito de recopilar los principales indicadores de esta industria forestal durante el año 2009.

En este informe se presentan los antecedentes recopilados durante el año 2009, incorporando a nivel nacional, los correspondientes al año 2008. Esto permitirá al usuario, efectuar una rápida comparación de la oferta de madera aserrada entre ambos periodos
Un nuevo cultivo para Chile. El Pino piñonero (Pinus pinea L.)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Este documento contiene las indicaciones principales para los interesados en plantar y cultivar pino piñonero mediterráneo a fin de producir piñones, más conocidos como pine nuts o pinoli, el fruto seco más caro en el mercado mundial.

Resulta de particular utilidad puesto que en el país no existe una cultura difundida sobre la silvicultura de esta interesante especie, y contiene los conocimientos básicos para hacer de una inversión de este tipo rentable, con base en una extensa bibliografía que recoge información de los principales países con experiencia en la especie.

Se estructura en cinco capítulos, ilustrados con atractivas ilustraciones.

El primer capítulo está dedicado a una descripción de la especie, incluyendo aspectos históricos, distribución, requerimientos ecológicos, aspectos reproductivos y genéticos, y finalmente sanitarios.

El segundo capítulo está dedicado al piñón, explayándose en sus características, usos, elaboración, rendimiento, y mercado nacional e internacional.

El tercer capítulo se dedica a la madera, presentando información sobre características de la misma, usos y mercados, y crecimiento y productividad.

El cuarto capítulo se centra en plantaciones y huertos, y contiene aspectos relacionados a la producción de plantas y clones (plantas injertadas), y con gran detalle presenta la forma de establecer y manejar plantaciones; asimismo, y aunque en forma más reducida debido a la escasa información existente en el mundo, también lo hace para el caso de huertos frutícolas, establecidos con plantas injertadas.

Finalmente, el quinto capítulo analiza con gran detalle el potencial de desarrollo del cultivo en Chile, incluyendo las zonas potenciales en Chile, un análisis del impacto social del cultivo, y el análisis económico del cultivo en Chile.

El libro finaliza con conclusiones, una extensa bibliografía que puede servir de guía para los interesados, y cuatro anexos.

Infaltable para quienes han emprendido o están por emprender en este nuevo rubro del quehacer agrícola forestal
Anuario Forestal 2014
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

El Anuario Forestal 2013 entrega series estadísticas, la mayor parte actualizadas al año 2013, en los siguientes ámbitos: indicadores macroeconómicos nacionales y sectoriales; recursos forestales; producción industrial y consumo de madera; comercio exterior; precios del mercado nacional y de exportación; transporte; disponibilidad de madera y ocupación en la actividad forestal
Anuario Forestal 2016
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

El Anuario Forestal 2016 entrega series estadísticas, la mayor parte actualizadas al año 2015, en los siguientes ámbitos: indicadores macroeconómicos nacionales y sectoriales; recursos forestales; producción industrial y consumo de madera; comercio exterior; precios del mercado nacional y de exportación; transporte; disponibilidad de madera y ocupación en la actividad forestal
Herramienta para negocios sustentables en biomasa forestal, Región de Aysén
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

La Región de Aysén concentra el 30% de la superficie de bosque de Chile, su recurso forestal se ha trabajado por muchos años y la extracción de leña forma parte de la costumbre patagona.

El uso del recurso forestal biomasa privilegia la utilización de un recurso energético propio de la región, que permite la generación de energía térmica/eléctrica como energía renovable no convencional (ERNC) llamada dendroenergía.

Este tipo de ERNC involucra beneficios, como la estabilidad poblacional, al crear empleo en las zonas rurales; la reducción de la contaminación, al emplear un combustible de calidad y renovable, y la disminución de los riesgos de incendios, al incentivar el manejo de los bosques, tornándose así en un recurso local que genera riqueza en el territorio
Manual de sistemas silvopastorales en plantaciones forestales de Aysén
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

El Instituto Forestal, en conjunto con la Secretaria Regional Ministerial de Agricultura de la Región de Aysén, consciente del problema de bajo nivel de manejo de las plantaciones forestales, generó el programa “Transferencia silvopastoral en plantaciones forestales de la Región de Aysén” que busca aumentar el nivel de valorización de las plantaciones mediante un uso mixto silvopastoral.
El presente manual reporta los principales resultados del programa y la información necesaria para que los pequeños productores puedan aplicar sistemas silvopastorales en su propiedad, con el fin de aumentar la valorización de sus predios y mejorar su calidad de vida.
Anuario Forestal 2020
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Como cada nueva edición, el Anuario Forestal incluye mejoras en su contenido, ya sea incorporando nuevas series estadísticas sobre temas relevantes, como también en la forma de presentación de la información. Así, se destaca en esta edición 2020 la incorporación de cuadros estadísticos sobre los subproductos de la industria del aserrío, que en los últimos años han adquirido creciente interés, y series de consumo aparente para los cuatro principales tableros de madera producidos en Chile.
Manual 29: Evaluación, diseño y montaje de entramados prefabricados industrializados para la construcción de viviendas
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Espinoza G. Marcos , Hernández C. Gonzalo , Lesser S. Heinz , López Vega Alfredo Ricardo , Mancinelli Z. Carlos , Oyarzún O. Ricardo , Quezada Fonseca Alonso
Published: August 2021

Este documento didáctico presenta en forma resumida y gráfica las consideraciones básicas para el empleo de entramados prefabricados de madera para la vivienda. Estos aspectos básicos están referidos al diseño, prefabricación de la planta y montaje en terreno mismo.
Manual 37: Protocolos de certificación sanitaria forestal
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Faúndez C. Jorge , González González Marlene Verónica , Parra Sanhueza Patricio , Valencia Baier Juan Carlos
Published: August 2021

Entrega un importante avance en la propuesta de Sistema Integral de Mitigación del Riesgo de Plagas en productos forestales primarios de exportación (trozas, madera aserrada y astillas) de pino, eucalipto, coigue y tepa.
La avispa taladradora de la madera Tremex fuscicornis (Fabr.)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), González González Marlene Verónica , Parra Sanhueza Patricio , Salinas R. Aldo , Soto Aguirre Daniel Alberto
Published: August 2021

Tremex fuscicornis (Fabr.) infesta árboles que presentan evidentes síntomas de debilitamiento causado por algún factor de estrés. Entre ellos, el déficit hídrico es una de las causas de mayor importancia, pero también se presenta en aquellos árboles dañados por fuego en la base del tronco, daño mecánico a las raíces y con deficiencias nutricionales. Asimismo la plaga puede utilizar como sustrato árboles muertos, árboles volteados y desechos de cosecha del bosque.

Tremex fuscicornis tiene un alto potencial de diseminación mediante el vuelo propio o en maderas infestadas con la plaga transportadas a otras regiones. Los adultos emergidos desde estas maderas podrían colonizar rápidamente los hospederos susceptibles que encuentre a su alrededor.
Estadísticas forestales X Región 2003
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Contiene: Cap.1. Indicadores macroeconómicosCap.2. Recurso forestal Uso del suelo, Superficie de Bosque Nativo por provincia y tipo forestal, PlantacionesCap.3. Consumo y Producción Trozas, Madera aserrada, Empresas ForestalesCap.4. Comercio Exterior: Exportaciones forestalesCap.5. Precios de productos forestalesCap.6. TransporteCap.7. Ocupación forestalCap.8. Indíces de precios, dólar
Exportaciones forestales chilenas Diciembre 2006
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

La exportación de productos forestales durante el año 2006 presentó una evolución positiva y también una cifra récord en el período enero-diciembre 2006, al sumar US$ 3.890 millones, lo que significó un crecimiento de 11,3% respecto del año 2005. Esta cifra representa el 6,7% del valor total de las exportaciones del país, bastante menor a la participación que el sector forestal presentó entre los años 2000 y 2002, cercana al 12%.

El crecimiento de las exportaciones se explica por la mejora de los precios de la celulosa, principal producto exportado. A continuación se ubican el grupo de productos de papel y cartón y las molduras, que también evidenciaron incrementos muy superiores a la media.
Cerezo común (Prunus avium). Una alternativa para producir madera de alto valor
Authors: Loewe Muñoz Verónica Francisca , Delard R. Claudia , Pineda Bravo Gabriel Enrique
Published: August 2021

El cerezo común (Prunus avium L.) es un árbol que combina una esplendida floración con la producción de madera de calidad, por lo que se perfila como la especie más importante dentro del género Prunus.
Es usado principalmente para la producción de frutos, empleándose como patrón para injertar diversas variedades y, como árbol ornamental en parques y jardines o constituyendo arboledas en calles y praderas de montaña. Se le considera forestalmente idóneo ya que bajo manejo tiene tendencia a crecer formando un eje central cilíndrico y recto, sin defectos, y una copa bien desarrollada, siendo posible obtener fustes libres de ramas de 6 a 7 m; es apto para su empleo en pequeños grupos, puro o en mezclas, cortinas cortaviento y plantaciones en hileras, así como también para el enriquecimiento de bosques.
Es una especie fácil de establecer y muy productiva, que puede cultivarse en rotaciones cortas. Dada su plasticidad, rusticidad y rapidez de crecimiento tiende a ser una especie pionera.
Actas del seminario regional: avances en la investigación de Acacia saligna, como opción productiva para la IV Región
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile),   Seminario regional: avances en la investigación de Acacia saligna, como opción productiva para la IV Región
Published: August 2021

Los principales objetivos que se logró satisfacer con la realización del Seminario fue el promover la interacción entre los investigadores e informar al medio nacional sobre la contribución en el desarrollo de la actividad rural de la región de Coquimbo del proyecto "Acacia saligna, una especie multipropósit como alternativa silvopastoral para la optimización del D.L 701 en la IV Región", llevado a cabo por el Instituto Forestal y financiado por el Fondo de Desarrollo e Innovación de CORFO.

El presente documento corresponde a un resumen de las actas del seminario regional, que contempla las principales investigaciones realizadas durante el desarrollo del proyecto.