bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bronchial resection margin and long-term survival in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Poullis Michael , McShane James , Shaw Mathew , Page Richard , Woolley Steve , Shackcloth Michael , Mediratta Neeraj
Published: May 2013

Clear resection margins are necessary for long-term survival of patients undergoing surgical resection. We aimed to determine whether bronchial resection margin is a factor determining long-term survival in patients undergoing R0 resections for non-small-cell lung cancer. There were 2695 consecutive pulmonary resections performed between October 2001 and September 2011 in our institution; 1795 were R0 resections for non-small-cell lung cancer and bronchial margin length data were available. Benchmarking against the 7th International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer dataset was performed. Cox multivariate and neuronal network analysis was undertaken. Benchmarking failed to reveal any significant differences between our data and the 7th International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer dataset. Cox regression demonstrated that age ( p < 0.001), sex ( p < 0.0001), body mass index ( p = 0.002), T1 stage ( p = 0.0002), T3 stage ( p < 0.0001), N1 stage ( p < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( p < 0.0001), squamous histology ( p = 0.009), mixed adenosquamous histology ( p = 0.008), and pneumonectomy ( p = 0.01) were all significant determinants of long-term survival, but bronchial resection margin was not. Neuronal network analysis confirmed these findings. Bronchial resection margin length has no impact on long-term survival.
Anxiety and depression after thoracic aortic surgery or coronary artery bypass
Authors: Okamoto Yuko , Motomura Noboru , Murashima Sachiyo , Takamoto Shinichi
Published: May 2013

Background: although the outcome of thoracic aortic surgery has improved remarkably, mortality remains high, and mental distress is often present. Psychological outcomes of coronary artery disease have been increasingly researched but few studies have been conducted in thoracic aortic surgery patients.

Objective: to compare the psychological outcomes of patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery with those of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: a questionnaire was mailed to 190 patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery or coronary artery bypass, at 1–5 years postoperatively. Psychological outcomes were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale.

Results: 128 patients responded; 49 had aortic surgery and 79 had coronary artery bypass. The incidence of borderline or significant anxiety was 14% in thoracic aortic surgery patients and 16% in coronary bypass patients; depression was present in 28% and 20%, respectively. Psychological outcome scores in the 2 groups did not differ significantly. Emergency surgery was associated with depression after aortic surgery, and symptoms such as chest pain and fatigue were associated with both anxiety and depression after coronary artery bypass.

Conclusions: some psychological problems remain in the midterm following thoracic aortic surgery. While we expected a more psychologically compromised outcome in the thoracic aortic surgery group, psychological outcomes were quite similar to those in coronary artery bypass patients. The similarity of the profiles of both groups suggests that thoracic aortic surgery patients have a parallel course of midterm psychological improvement following surgery.
Preoperative embolization in surgical management of massive thoracic tumors
Authors: Khairy Mahmoud , Othman Moustafa HM , Ali Elsayed Mostafa , Eldin Eman Nasr
Published: May 2013

Background: The surgical excision of a highly vascular giant tumor may be challenging. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with preoperative percutaneous embolization of massive vascular chest tumors before surgical excision.

Methods: From 2009 to 2011, 8 cases of giant vascular thoracic tumor were treated at Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, by preoperative embolization of the feeding arteries followed by successful excision after 48 h.

Results: The median age of the 8 patients was 39 years. Embolization of their tumors resulted in a reduction of tumor size, and minimal blood loss was observed perioperatively. Perilesional edema and easy differentiation of ischemic tissue facilitated complete surgical removal of the tumors.

Conclusions: Preoperative embolization of giant vascular thoracic tumors is useful to decrease perioperative blood loss and facilitate total excision.
Clinical Aspects and Repair of Cardiac Rupture after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Maeda Masanobu , Murase Mitsuya , Murakami Humihiko , Teranishi Katsuhiko
Published: May 2013

Between October 1987 and September 1991, 357 patients were admitted to Ohgaki Municipal Hospital for acute myocardial infarction. Fifteen patients suffered left ventricular free-wall rupture. Of 7 surgical cases, 4 underwent direct closure, 2 patch closure, and 1 collagen sheet covering with fibrin glue. In 1 case, an additional coronary bypass graft was performed. In 6 cases, the myocardium was sutured under cardiopulmonary bypass, and in 1 case it was sutured in the CCU without cardiopulmonary bypass. Seven of the 15 patients suffering from cardiac rupture underwent surgical repair. The remaining 8 nonsurgical cases died. Six of the 7 surgical cases survived. Left ventricular free-wall rupture is the second most frequent cause of hospital death after myocardial infarction following cardiac failure. The key point in salvage from rupture is frequent examination with echocardiography and early diagnosis at the oozing phase. The most important step in surgery is to perform an immediate cardiopulmonary bypass, especially in the oozing phase before the blowout. In postoperative management, intra-aortic balloon pumping should be required for systolic unloading at the suture line.
Surgical Treatment of Cardiac Echinococcosis: Report of Ten Cases
Authors: Saritas Ahmet , Yamak Birol , Şener Erol , Birincioğlu Levent , Battaloğlu Bektaş , Mavitaş Binali , Taşdemir Oğuz , Bayazit Kemal
Published: May 2013

From 1977 to July 1994, 10 patients underwent operation for cardiac cysts in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 to 39 years (mean 25.2 ± 8.82). Nine patients had cardiac and pericardial cysts, and the first patient of this series had two pericardial cysts. One patient died in the early postoperative period due to rupture of the interventricular septum. Hospital mortality was 10% (1/10). Late follow-up data were obtained for 8 of the 9 hospital survivors, and no recurrence was found.
Closed Mitral Valvotomy for Mitral Stenosis in Mirror Image Dextrocardia
Authors: Ramasubrahmanyam Gutti , Dilip Dronamraju , Ramnarayan Pirovam Venkat , Iyer Raju Subramaniam , Naidu Kothapalle Venugopal
Published: May 2013

A 22-year-old female with mirror image dextrocardia and rheumatic valvular mitral stenosis underwent closed mitral valvotomy using a Tubb's dilator with good results. Despite abnormal position of situs, the surgical approach was simple through right anterolateral thoracotomy, and the operator's hands were mirror image to that of levocardia valvotomy in certain steps. Preoperative mitral valve area was 0.8 cm2, and peak and mean diastolic gradients were 21 and 15 mmHg respectively. Postoperatively, valve area improved to 2.16 cm2, and peak and mean diastolic gradients were 8 and 3.1 mmHg, respectively.
Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm Esophageal Fistula
Authors: Wong James WW , Sivathasan Cumaraswamy , Hen Ng Eng , Keong Wong Wai
Published: May 2013

It has been estimated that 10% of ruptures of thoracic aortic aneurysm present as aortoesophageal fistula. They can present with mild esophageal bleeding giving warning of a fistula formation or as torrential exsanguinating hemorrhage. It is during the window of mild esophageal bleeding where it is possible to salvage the situation with prompt diagnosis and emergency surgical treatment. Once exsanguinating hemorrhage occurs, most patients are beyond salvage. We describe a patient who has torrential hemorrhage from an aortoesophageal fistula from a ruptured thoracic aneurysm. The hemorrhage was controlled promptly by the Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon compression tube (Willy-Rusch Ag, Kernen, Germany), which allowed stabilization of the patient's condition before definitive surgery was undertaken.
Successful Detection of Cerebral Hypoperfusion by near Infrared Spectroscopy in Two Patients with Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Mirow Nikolas , Minami Kazittomo , Reiβ Nils , Miche Eckard , Honikel Olaf , Körfer Reiner
Published: May 2013

Near infrared spectroscopy is being used to monitor mixed cerebral oxygen saturation intraoperatively. In 2 patients receiving surgical treatment for acute aortic dissection, cerebral hypoperfusion was detected by near infrared spectroscopy (INVOS3100, Somanetics Corporation, Troy, MI, USA) and corrected accordingly. Near infrared spectroscopy may help to prevent serious neuropsychiatric complications in surgery for aortic arch dissection.
Surgical Treatment of Aneurysms of the Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch
Authors: Magotra Ratna , Khaja Moinuddin , Shahani Rohit , Khanna Surendra , Mukadam Majid , Khandeparkar Jagdish , Agrawal Nandkishor , Tendolkar Anil
Published: May 2013

Surgery for aneurysms of the aorta is a formidable challenge especially when these aneurysms involve the ascending aorta and the transverse arch. We have used the technique of cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest with marked reduction in neurological complications. Availability of albumin coated and gelatin sealed grafts, as well as blood components, has reduced the associated bleeding problems. Ninety-six patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta and the transverse arch were operated upon between 1983 and 1993. Patients with aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva have not been included in this study. Syphilitic pathology was predominant in the group with late presentation of very large aneurysms. The mortality was 17.71% and was largely due to low cardiac output, prolonged ventilatory support, lung infections, and mediastinitis.
Late Surgical Closure of Secundum Type Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Mavitaş Binali , Katircioğlu S Fehmi , Yamak Birol , Saritaş Ahmet , Uzunonat Gürkan , Taşdemir Oğuz , Bayazit Kemal
Published: May 2013

Between 1968 and 1995, a total of 153 patients who were between 35 and 63 years of age (mean 49.8 years), underwent surgery for secundum type atrial septal defect. There were 78 (50.9%) males and 75 females (49.1 %). Mean left-to-right shunt ratio was calculated as 2.49. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was 50.15 mm Hg. Three patients died within 30 days of surgery, giving a hospital mortality of 1.96%. Long-term follow-up was available in 135 cases (90%). Total follow-up was 967.3 patient-years and ranged from 3 months to 11.3 years (mean 7.16 years). There were no late deaths reported. Four patients were readmitted with atrial fibrillation and 2 with pericardial effusion. In our experience, surgical closure of atrial septal defect in adults was found to be successful, safe, and with low morbidity in patients with pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Experience during the Learning Curve
Authors: Arom Kit V , Emery Robert W
Published: May 2013

This communication briefly details the goals, indications, surgical approaches, and limitations of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery. The clinical data of 93 cases performed at our institution were analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups: group A consisted of 70 healthy low-risk patients with single left anterior descending or right coronary artery lesions; group B consisted of 23 high-risk patients who had major contraindications to conventional cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. Using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons' preoperative predicted risk module, group A had a 1% predicted mortality versus 5% in group B. The 30-day mortality was 1% in group A and 13% in group B. The postoperative length of hospital stay averaged 4 days for group A and 9 days for group B. Short-term follow-up is promising and 83% of patients are free of angina.
Antithrombotic Therapy for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Cheem Tan Huay , Teng Lim Yean , Lock Chia Boon
Published: May 2013

The use of adjunctive pharmacologic therapy in the setting of coronary angioplasty has evolved in recent years with the introduction of new antithrombotics and better understanding of the pharmacologic properties of the drugs. This manuscript reviews the various antithrombotic agents currently in use and their impact on the outcomes of patients receiving them.
Large Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect: Surgical Closure at Sixty Years
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Suri Rajendar Krishan , Jha Neerod Kumar , Juneja Rajnish , Bali Harinder Kumar , Puri Goverdhan Dutt
Published: May 2013

Large congenital ventricular septal defects have an unfavorable natural history and survival to 60 years of age with a large left-to-right shunt is very uncommon; surgical closure of such a defect in the elderly is even rarer. We report the case of a 60-year-old female who presented with a large left-to-right shunt across a congenital subaortic ventricular septal defect and underwent successful surgical closure.
Management of Cardiac Myxomas
Authors: Phang Lim Yeong , Seng Tan Yong
Published: May 2013

Cardiac myxomas are benign primary tumors of the heart that require prompt surgical intervention because of the possibility of developing syncope and hemodynamic or embolic complications. From 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1996, 20 patients (11 male and 9 female) underwent surgery for cardiac myxoma at Singapore General Hospital. Nineteen patients had a left atrial myxoma and 1 had a right atrial myxoma. Five patients had concomitant coronary artery disease including one with severe mitral regurgitation. Nine patients presented with progressive dyspnea, 5 with systemic embolus, 2 with syncope, 3 with congestive cardiac failure, and 1 with right ventricular failure. In 6 patients the diagnosis was established by cardiac catheterization and 14 patients were diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiopulmonary bypass with mild to moderate systemic hypothermia was used for excision of the myxoma in all cases. Five patients had concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and 2 had concomitant mitral valve replacement. There was no hospital mortality among patients who had only excision of the myxoma, including a patient who had a recurrence of her left atrial myxoma 5 years after the initial excision. There were 2 deaths in patients with coexisting cardiac and other diseases. Surgical excision is recommended for all cases of cardiac myxoma. There is little risk associated with this procedure. All patients should be followed up regularly with echocardiographic assessment as there is a small risk of recurrence.
Luetic Aneurysm of Ascending Aorta with Aorta-to-Right Atrial Fistula
Authors: Shipra Shrivastava , Sandeep Shrivastava , Manohar Soman Rema Krishna
Published: May 2013

We report a case of luetic saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta eroding into the right atrium causing an aorta-to-right atrial fistula. The patient had severe aortic regurgitation, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. Patch repair of the aneurysm from the aortic side, direct closure of the fistulous opening from the right atrial side, and aortic valve replacement were performed. The patient recovered fully. This case is reported because of its extreme rarity and good surgical result.
Experimental Study of Autogenous Vein Patches for Repair of Defective Tracheal Membranous Walls
Authors: Horita Keiichi , Li Cao Zhi , Itoh Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2013

The feasibility of using vein patch grafts to repair defective tracheal membranous walls was determined. The right jugular veins of 5 adult mongrel dogs were harvested through midline cervical incisions and used as patch grafts. Each cervical trachea was exposed and a full-thickness lesion (2 × 1 cm) was created in the cervical tracheal membranous wall by resecting part of the trachea at the fourth ring below the cricoid cartilage. The defect was repaired by grafting a vein patch to the posterior surface of the injured trachea. All the dogs survived without complications until euthanasia 6 months later. Bronchoscopic examination demonstrated adequate tracheal patency with no inspiratory or expiratory collapse. The constrictive ratio of the cross-sectional area of the most stenotic site to that of the third tracheal ring below the membranous patch was 1.06 ± 0.28. Histologic examination revealed neoepithelium on the surfaces of all the patch grafts. The results indicate that jugular vein patch grafts can be used to repair tracheal membranous wall lesions.
Serotonin: Ubiquitous Neuromodulator in the Failing Heart
Authors: Ghatak Ashim , Agarwal Ajay , Singh Pankaj , Shankar Kripa , Chandra Mahesh
Published: May 2013

Serotonin exhibits various cardiovascular effects and evidence of its role in various cardiovascular disorders is emerging. Serotonin levels in whole blood and the platelet serotonin uptake were significantly increased in patients with heart failure compared to control subjects. However, the intraplatelet serotonin content was not significantly different in the two groups. We conclude that serotonin is involved in the syndrome of heart failure both directly and indirectly through its action on cardiac contractility, heart rate, preload, and afterload.
The Influence of Prior Median Sternotomy on Outcome of Heart Transplantation
Authors: Handa Nobuhiro , Mussa Shafi , O'Fallon W Michael , Daly Richard C , McGregor Christopher GA
Published: May 2013

This study is a retrospective analysis of the influence of previous cardiac surgery on the outcome of heart transplantation in 118 consecutive recipients from January 1988 to December 1996. Group 1 consisted of 67 patients who had no previous sternotomy, group 2 was 33 patients who had one previous sternotomy, and group 3 was 18 patients who had two or more previous sternotomies. The three groups were demographically similar apart from the indication for transplantation and the sex distribution. Preoperative hemodynamic data, except systolic pulmonary artery pressure, were similar among the three groups. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality, 1-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates, incidence of renal dysfunction requiring dialysis, prolonged respiratory support, elevated total bilirubin, re-exploration for bleeding, incidence of mediastinitis, or postoperative hospital stay between the groups. The rejection-free and infection-free survival rates were similar in the three groups. However, previous sternotomy resulted in significantly longer cardiopulmonary bypass times and increased requirement for blood and blood products. The use of a cell saver limited the need for stored red blood cells. This study demonstrated no survival disadvantage of previous sternotomy in patients undergoing heart transplantation.
Use of a Pericardial Fat Pad for Alveolar Air Leaks after Pulmonary Resections
Authors: Kawashima Osamu , Hirai Toshikazu , Kamiyoshihara Mitsuhiro , Ishikawa Susumu , Morishita Yasuo
Published: May 2013

To investigate the effectiveness of using a free pericardial fat pad to control air leaks from residual raw parenchymal surfaces after pulmonary resections, 30 consecutive patients were studied. There were 23 males and 7 females with a median age of 69 years. The indication for this technique was any alveolar air leak from a residual raw parenchymal surface which could not been controlled by suturing. There were 25 lobectomies with incomplete fissure and 5 cases of segmentectomy. None of the patients exhibited air leaks beyond 2 days, post-operative space problems, or infections. All patients had chest drains removed within 2 days after the operation. The application of a free pericardial fat pad is a promising new method of treating air leaks from residual raw parenchymal surfaces after pulmonary resections.
Effects of Pregnancy on Long-Term Follow-Up of Mitral Valve Bioprostheses
Authors: Emir Mustafa , Uzunonat Gürkan , Yamak Birol , Ulus A Tulga , Göl M Kamil , Iscan Zafer , Katircioğlu S Fehmi , Mavitaş Binali , Taşdemir Oğuz , Bayazit Kemal
Published: May 2013

Between 1986 and 1990, 304 females between 11 and 45 (mean, 33.9 ± 6.9) years of age underwent isolated mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Thirty-nine of the 285 survivors experienced 48 pregnancies during the late follow-up period (group 1). Structural valve deterioration occurred in 25 (64.1%) of these patients and in 70 (28.4%) of the 246 patients (group 2) who did not become pregnant (p < 0.01). The mean time at which structural valve deterioration occurred was 7.01 ± 1.19 years postoperatively (range, 4.74 to 8.36 years) for group 1 patients and 6.76 ± 1.34 years (range, 2.33 to 10.17 years) for group 2 patients (p > 0.05). Freedom from structural valve deterioration at 10 years was 22.9% ± 8.11% for group 1 and 29.24% ± 6.09% for group 2 (p > 0.05). We concluded that pregnancy did not influence the long-term outcome after mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthesis.
Technique to Monitor Pulmonary Artery Pressure after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Muralidhar Kanchi , Shetty Devi Prasad
Published: May 2013

Pulmonary hypertensive crisis is a recognized cause of sudden deterioration and death after correction of congenital heart disease. In phase 1 of this study, pulmonary artery pressure was monitored continuously in 200 high-risk children aged 9 days to 5 years using pulmonary artery pressure monitoring lines inserted through the right internal jugular vein. The success rate for placement of catheter tips in the pre-incision period was not high but all could be placed in the pulmonary artery before right atrial closure prior to separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. Complications related to the technique were transient ventricular or atrial arrhythmias during insertion and slipping or coiling of the catheter in the right ventricle. Carotid arterial puncture in 2 patients and pneumothorax in another 2 were additional complications. In phase 2, the directly measured pulmonary artery pressure was compared to that measured by echocardiography in 20 high-risk patients aged 7 days to 10 years weighing 2.6 to 26 kg. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure ranged from 16 to 58 mm Hg (mean, 38.1 ± 12.5 mm Hg) measured by the catheter and 21 to 54 mm Hg (mean, 39.7 ± 11.7 mm Hg) measured by echocardiography, showing excellent correlation (r = 0.97). Our study indicates that percutaneous insertion of a pulmonary artery pressure line in infants and children undergoing open-heart surgery is safe and practical for those at risk of postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis.
Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Abdominal Aorta
Authors: Lim Chong Hee , Lim Jeremy , Tan Yong Seng
Published: May 2013

Delayed pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta is an exceedingly rare but potentially fatal complication following blunt abdominal trauma. A 25-year-old male presented 3 months after a road traffic accident with central abdominal pain. A 4-cm pseudoaneurysm of the infrarenal aorta was detected by computed tomography. Successful surgical repair was performed with an interposition graft and reimplantation of the inferior mesenteric artery.
Videothoracoscopic Internal Mammary Artery Harvest for Coronary Bypass
Authors: Kirali Kaan , Güler Mustafa , Dağlar Bahadir , Ipek Gökhan , Balkanay Mehmet , Akinci Esat , Berki Turan , Gürbüz Ali , Işik Ömer , Yakut Cevat
Published: May 2013

Between March 1996 and September 1997, videothoracoscopy was performed in 50 of 140 patients who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting. Mean age was 45.3 ± 6.8 years. The left internal mammary artery was harvested by thoracoscopy alone in 21 patients and by both thoracoscopy and direct vision in 29. Coronary artery bypass was then performed through a left anterior minithoracotomy. In 48 patients, the internal mammary artery was grafted directly to the left anterior descending artery; a small saphenous vein graft was interposed in the other 2 patients. The diagonal branch was bypassed with saphenous vein in 2 patients, the first obtuse marginal in 1, the right posterior descending branch in 1, and the right ventricular branch of the right coronary artery in 1. Concomitant carotid endarterectomy was performed in 1 patient. There was no mortality. Two patients had perioperative myocardial infarction. It was concluded that videothoracoscopy can help to achieve complete mobilization of the left internal mammary artery for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting. These techniques can be regarded as safe and effective, giving excellent results and a shortened hospital stay with the advantage of avoiding some morbidity due to costal cartilage resection.
Remote ischemic preconditioning improves spatial learning and memory ability after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats
Authors: Hu X , Lu Y , Zhang Y , Li Y , Jiang L
Published: May 2013

Objective:

Using a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we investigated the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on spatial learning and memory ability after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).

Method:

Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n=12, each): sham group, rats were subjected to sham operations without MCAO and RIPC; I/R group, rats were subjected to 1h of MCAO followed by 3 days of reperfusion; I/R+RIPC group, rats were subjected to RIPC and 1h MCAO followed by 3 days of reperfusion. The spatial learning and memory ability of the rats was measured by the Morris water maze task.The activity of cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus CA1 region was observed by an immunohistochemistry method.

Results:

In the Morris water maze task, MCAO elicited a significant decrease of the ability of spatial learning and memory in contrast to the sham group. Meanwhile, RIPC induced a significantly shorter prolongation of the escape latency (p<0.05); greater number passing through the platform (p<0.05) and less time for exploring the target quadrant (p<0.05) as compared with values for the I/R group. Furthermore, the number of ChAT positive cells in the CA1 region in the I/R+RIPC group was strikingly more than those of the I/R group (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

RIPC could improve the ability of spatial learning and memory after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion probably due to its protection of the cholinergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region.
Embodied Information, Knowing Bodies, and Power
Authors: Marlin-Bennett Renée
Published: May 2013

The turn to materialism emerging in world politics scholarship promises fruitful ways of understanding power and political life by focusing on agency in the physical world. Yet immaterial information and ‘the virtual’ seem to dominate our lives. How can we understand the relationship between the material and the informational? Does this understanding promise any further insight into agency, power, and world politics? The focus in this paper is on the materiality (corporeality) and information of the human body as a special case. Embodied information is the information contained in the body that can potentially be accessed by others through an act of power. The way in which embodied knowledge is implicated in practices of world politics is exemplified by surveillance, DNA databases, and organ trade. Bodies are also the means by which information becomes sensible: we understand information from various sources and with various kinds of content through our bodies’ ability to sense. This knowing body is also implicated in power, as exemplified by the use of sound and the augmentation of the senses through technology. Drawing on the interpretation of embodied information and knowing bodies, this article provides a pragmatic model of world politics in which to control how information flows, how it is extracted from the body, how it is inserted or received, how quickly, and to what end, is to have power or to be powerful.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Type 2 Superior Labral Anterior Posterior Repairs in Elite Overhead Athletes
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Chung Seok-Won , Jeon Seung-Hyub , Lee Jun-Gyu , Oh Kyung-Soo
Published: May 2013

Background:

Although there are multiple reports on surgical outcomes of type 2 superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) repairs, a literature review noted a paucity of data on clinical and radiological outcomes in elite overhead athletes.

Purpose:

To determine midterm clinical outcomes of type 2 SLAP repairs in elite overhead athletes and whether labral integrity provides consistent return to play.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed of 24 elite overhead athletes who underwent arthroscopic type 2 SLAP repairs. There were 18 men and 6 women, and their mean age was 22.7 years (range, 19-30 years); the majority of them (16/24) were baseball players. Four outcome measures were used: visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, subjective feeling of recovery, and return to play. Multidetector computed tomographic arthrography was performed to evaluate labral integrity after surgery.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 45.8 months (range, 24-68 months), overall pain and function improved significantly. The VAS for pain was 5.7 preoperatively and 2.0 postoperatively ( P < .01), and VAS for satisfaction was 8.6. The ASES score was 55.8 preoperatively and 87.1 postoperatively ( P < .01). The overall mean value of subjective feeling of recovery was approximately 76%. Twelve of 24 athletes (50%) returned to play after the operation. Although there was a trend toward higher return rate in the other overhead athletes (75%) compared with the baseball players (38%), this trend did not reach statistical significance ( P = .097). Labral retear with clinical significance was noted in 2 athletes who failed to return to play. Osteolysis was observed in 2 athletes, 1 of whom had a retear. A statistical relation between the integrity of the repair and return to play was not found ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic SLAP repairs show favorable clinical and radiological outcomes; however, the study findings raise a concern that return to play may still be problematic in elite baseball players. This study also indicates that labral healing does not ensure consistent return to play in elite overhead athletes.
State Energy-Based Economic Development Policies and Examples
Authors: Yusuf Juita-Elena (Wie) , Neill Katharine A.
Published: May 2013

States have adopted various policies and initiatives to develop and/or expand their energy industries, many of which have been driven by economic development purposes rather than specific energy or environmental concerns. Of the many reasons states have considered explicit energy policies, the direct economic benefits of stimulating the economy—creating jobs and increasing revenues—have often been at the forefront of policy decision making. This research note reviews existing policies targeted at developing the energy industry and presents two typologies of state-level energy policies. The first typology offers an organizing framework for categorizing such policies by energy source (existing vs. new) and energy approach (production vs. consumption). The second typology categorizes policies by regulatory approach (regulation vs. incentives) and target audience (producers vs. consumers). Different policy options are described and are used to illustrate the different types of policies according to the two typologies.
Does surface wettability influence the friction and wear of large-diameter CoCrMo alloy hip resurfacings?
Authors: Curran Sarah , Hoskin Tom , Williams Sarah , Scholes Susan C , Kinbrum Amy , Unsworth Anthony
Published: May 2013

The role of surface tension in the lubrication of metal-on-metal (CoCrMo alloy) hip resurfacings has been investigated to try to explain why all metal joints fail to be lubricated with simple water-based lubricants (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), which have similar rheology to synovial fluid, but are lubricated with the same fluid with the addition of a proportion of bovine serum. As part of this study, surfactants, in the form of detergents, when added to carboxymethyl cellulose, have been shown to produce a predominantly fluid-film lubrication mechanism with friction even lower than the biological lubricant containing serum. Friction factors were reduced by 80% when a detergent was added to the lubricant. It is considered that the failure of the water-based fluids to generate fluid-film lubrication is due to the fact that ‘boundary slip’ takes place where the fluid does not fully attach to the bounding solid surfaces as assumed in Reynolds’ equation, thereby drawing in less lubricant than predicted from hydrodynamic theory. The addition of surfactants either in the form of natural materials such as serum or in the form of detergent reduces surface tension and helps the water-based lubricant to attach more fully to the bounding surfaces resulting in more fluid entrainment and thicker fluid-film formation. This was confirmed by up to 70% lower wear being found when these joints were lubricated in a detergent solution rather than 25% bovine serum.
Are we just friends? Immigrant integration into high- and low-cost social networks
Authors: Windzio Michael , Bicer Enis
Published: May 2013

We argue that the degree of ethnic segregation in multiplex social networks depends on the cost of ties in different network dimensions, which is motivated by the distinction between low- and high-cost situations in rational choice theory. We assume that ethnic boundaries become more important, the closer a relationship is and the higher the costs of a social tie are. By estimating Exponential Random Graph ( p*) models for complete social networks in school classes of 1228 students and 19,764 dyads, we test this assumption. We analyse the degree of ethnic segregation not only in friendship networks, but also in ‘more costly’ networks such as leisure time spent together, visits to one another’s home and contact between children’s parents. In line with our expectation it will be shown that the degree of segregation increases the higher the costs of ties in social networks are.
Dynamic stability of piezoelectric laminated cylindrical shells with delamination
Authors: Yang Jinhua , Yang Jie , Kitipornchai Sritawat
Published: May 2013

The dynamic stability of a composite laminated cylindrical shell containing a throughout delamination along circumferential direction integrated with piezoelectric layers at both inner and outer surfaces is investigated in this article. The Heaviside step function is used to describe the displacement components in the regions with and without delamination. Based on the classical shell theory, linear piezoelastic constitutive relationship, and variational principle, the governing equations of motion are derived and then solved by employing Rayleigh–Ritz method and Bolotin method to obtain the principal unstable region. Numerical results are presented in both tabular and graphical forms to show the effects of the piezoelectric layer; the length, depth, and location of the delamination; and the static axial force on the resonance frequency and the principal unstable region of the delaminated piezoelectric laminated shell.
Stress, strain, and resistance behavior of two opposing shape memory alloy actuator wires for resistance-based self-sensing applications
Authors: Furst Stephen J , Crews John H , Seelecke Stefan
Published: May 2013

Shape memory alloy actuator wires undergo a significant (∼4%) contraction and a corresponding change in resistance because of a temperature- and load-induced phase transformation. When a restoring force such as a pre-stretched bias spring is placed in series with a shape memory alloy wire, the system becomes an actuator that can generate a repeatable force. Simultaneously, the resistance of the wire can be correlated to strain and enable self-sensing, eliminating the need for external feedback sensors. The self-sensing task, however, is complicated in applications requiring multiple coupled wires, for example, advanced two-dimensional or three-dimensional positioning. The presence of coupled (passive or active) actuator wires with nonlinear, hysteretic force–displacement characteristics has a strong impact on an individual wire’s resistance behavior that has not been systematically studied to date. This article expands upon previous work that studied a single-shape memory alloy–spring system by adding a second opposing shape memory alloy wire and focusing on the resistance to strain mapping that is crucial for self-sensing applications. Systematic stress–strain and resistance–strain experiments are presented alongside physics-based modeling results that help to identify several sources of hysteresis in the resistance–strain behavior and facilitate intelligent calibration schemes for multifunctional self-sensing and actuation applications.
Models of Physician–Patient Relationships in Pharmaceutical Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Consumer Interviews
Authors: Arney Jennifer , Lewin Benjamin
Published: May 2013

The rise of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has mirrored, if not facilitated, the shift toward more active health care consumers. We used content analysis to identify models of physician–patient interaction in DTCA from the 1997 to 2006 issues of a broad sample of women’s, men’s, and common readership magazines. We also conducted 36 in-depth interviews to examine the ways consumers receive and regard advertising messages, and to explore their preferences for clinical communication and decision making. We identified four models of physician–patient relationships that vary in their locus of control (physician, patient, or shared) and the form of support sought or obtained in the relationship (emotional or instrumental). Whereas consumer interviews reflected references to all four models of interaction, only two appeared in DTCA. The limited range of interactions seen in these advertisements creates a lack of congruity between interaction styles found in advertisements vs. styles reported by actual consumers.
Affective Facial Expression Processing in 15-Month-Old Infants Who Have Experienced Maltreatment
Authors: Curtis W. John , Cicchetti Dante
Published: May 2013

This study examined the neural correlates of facial affect processing in 15 month-old maltreated and nonmaltreated infants. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited while infants passively viewed standardized pictures of female models posing angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions. Differences between maltreated ( N = 25) and nonmaltreated ( N = 20) infants were observed on three ERP components: P1, P260, and Nc. The results for the P260 waveform were consistent with previous ERP findings in older maltreated children, showing a hyperresponsivity to angry facial affect relative to happy in maltreated infants. However, the findings for the P1 and Nc indicated a hyperresponsivity to relative affective novelty, whereby the maltreated infants had greater amplitude in response to happy facial affect, whereas nonmaltreated infants had greater responsivity to angry faces. The results provided further support for the hypothesis that the experience of maltreatment and the predominantly negative emotional tone in maltreating families alters the functioning of neural systems associated with the processing of facial emotion. In particular, the findings suggested that at this early stage in the development of facial affect recognition, novelty of facial emotion is especially salient. These results exemplify the importance of early preventive interventions focused on emotion for children who have experienced maltreatment early in life.
Force on a screw dislocation in a multiphase laminated structure
Authors: Ogbonna Nkem
Published: May 2013

The force on a screw dislocation in a multiphase laminated elastic structure is determined, both as an infinite integral and as a sum of multiple image terms. When the dislocation is near an interface, it is found that dislocation mobility is largely dependent on the ratio of the rigidities of the adjacent materials, and the perpendicular distance of the dislocation from the interface becomes the important length scale. When the dislocation is far from the interface layers, it is found that a combination of an odd number of alternate strata of two different materials has a stabilizing influence on the dislocation. Further, if two dissimilar semi-infinite planes are separated by any number of dissimilar thick layers, then the force on a screw dislocation at large distances is independent of the physical properties of the interface layers.
Pathways of Influence for Sustainability in Business Schools
Authors: Sharma Sanjay
Published: May 2013

While faculty members are champions and implementers of change in business schools, deans play a critical role in generating support and resources for fostering sustainable curriculums. The pathways of change can be outside-in by connecting the agendas and visions of external stakeholders to support internal change or inside-out by selling the faculty’s vision to external stakeholders to generate resources. This essay draws lessons from the outside-in and inside-in pathways for developing sustainable curriculums and programs in two very different business schools in Canada and the United States.
Revenue and Profit Implications of Industrial Service Strategies
Authors: Eggert Andreas , Hogreve Jens , Ulaga Wolfgang , Muenkhoff Eva
Published: May 2013

In many business markets, manufacturers seek service-led growth to secure their existing positions and continue to grow in increasingly competitive environments. Using longitudinal data from 513 German mechanical engineering companies and latent growth curve modeling, this study offers a fine-grained view of the financial performance implications of industrial service strategies. By disentangling the revenue and profit implications of industrial service strategies, findings reveal that such strategies increase both the level and the growth of manufacturing firms’ revenue streams. In contrast, they reduce the level but improve the growth of manufacturers’ profits. Results further suggest that services supporting the clients’ actions (SSC) and services supporting the supplier’s product (SSP) affect performance outcomes in different ways. SSCs directly affect revenue and profit streams. In turn, SSPs display only indirect effects on financial performance mediated through SSCs. A moderator analysis identifies two organizational contingencies that facilitate service business success: Only companies with decentralized decision-making processes and a high share of loyal customers can expect favorable financial results from industrial service strategies. In summary, this research provides significant insights and managerial guidance for turning service strategies into financial successes.
Asserting criminality and denying migrant belonging: The production of deportability in US judicial court hearings
Authors: Newstead Clare , Frisso Giovanna Maria
Published: May 2013

Recent interest in the securitization of immigration has highlighted a significant shift in immigration enforcement, from border regulation to the control of territorially present populations. Emphasis has focused on the production of migrant illegality and strategies that criminalize undocumented workers. In this article, we shift the focus of analysis to examine how legal residents convicted of non-immigration-related criminal offences are also actively produced as deportable subjects. Drawing on research examining records of appeal cases involving Jamaican nationals in removal proceedings consequent to a criminal conviction, we illustrate how deportability is produced by the deportation process itself, through legal practices that assert migrant criminality and alienage. We suggest ‘criminality’ not only comes to represent migrant subjectivity, at the expense of other forms of subjectivity based on belonging and territorial presences, but acts as affirmation of alienage.
Indexing modernity: English and branding in the linguistic landscape of Addis Ababa
Authors: Lanza Elizabeth , Woldemariam Hirut
Published: May 2013

In this article we address the issue of language and globalization by focusing on the use of international brand names and English in the linguistic landscape of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiopia has been at the margins of the world economy; however, in the past decade Addis Ababa has witnessed a promising emerging economy, with many new international corporations investing in the country. The linguistic landscape is increasingly marked by the use of English, not only in general signage but also through international brand names and advertising. Moreover, a curious phenomenon has evolved in which international brand names and logos are used locally and are imparted an Ethiopian identity. The article highlights a particular case of cloning an international brand that touches on the discourse of national identity and development. The use of both English and international brand names in the linguistic landscape is perceived by locals as prestigious, indexing their aspirations towards modernity in this capital of the global South, with the notion of mobility covering not only geographical movement but also movement on a social scale. In conclusion, we relate our findings to a theoretical approach that aims to capture language in late modernity.
Alignment of two languages: The spreading of mouthings in Sign Language of the Netherlands
Authors: Bank Richard , Crasborn Onno , van Hout Roeland
Published: May 2013

Mouthings and mouth gestures are omnipresent in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). Mouthings in NGT are mouth actions that have their origin in spoken Dutch, and are usually time aligned with the signs they co-occur with. Frequently, however, they spread over one or more adjacent signs, so that one mouthing co-occurs with multiple manual signs. We conducted a corpus study to explore how frequently this occurs in NGT and whether there is any sociolinguistic variation in the use of spreading. Further, we looked at the circumstances under which spreading occurs. Answers to these questions may give us insight into the prosodic structure of sign languages. We investigated a sample of the Corpus NGT containing 5929 mouthings by 46 participants. We found that spreading over an adjacent sign is independent of social factors. Further, mouthings that spread are longer than non-spreading mouthings, whether measured in syllables or in milliseconds. By using a relatively large amount of natural data, we succeeded in gaining more insight into the way mouth actions are utilised in sign languages.