bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESS: the Library of Congress experimental search system
Authors: Wilder Dean , Greenfield Rich
Published: May 2004

Presents the experiences of the Library of Congress‘s experimental Web based public catalogue which sets out to combine the varied resources of the library through one gateway. Considers how this system attempts to introduce new methods of retrieval rather than the traditional Boolean searches. Covers the origin of the project, the features of the system, problems encountered in implementation and future ideas for development.
Options for the presentation of multilingual text: use of the Unicode standard
Authors: Erickson Janet C.
Published: May 2004

The use of Unicode/10646 will increase dramatically in the coming few years for many reasons. Use of the Internet has increased awareness of the problems inherent in the use of multiple character set standards. It has also increased the potential audience for HTI‐created texts. The standard was created by and has been embraced in the computer industry. Many products have come on the market with support for some or all of the standard; Microsoft‘s use of UTF‐8 and Unicode, especially in Windows NT, is a boost to the mainstreaming of such products.
The University of Michigan Digital Library Program: A Retrospective on Collaboration within the Academy
Authors: Lougee Wendy P.
Published: May 2004

The University of Michigan Digital Library Program is a collaborative enterprise that has built digital content and an information infrastructure for the campus community. A near‐term strategy of project‐based activity has provided visible successes, opportunities for development and elaboration of skills, and a context in which to explore broader issues of the networked information arena. The program’s early focus on developing an architecture for digital collections and durable formats for information resources has provided a foundation on which to build future domain‐based, knowledge environments.
Anticipating the Future: The University of Michigan’s Media Union
Authors: Miller Michael
Published: May 2004

The Media Union is a new facility that brings together information resources, information technology, and media production studios. It is unique in the blending of those resources into an integrated program serving the entire University of Michigan and supporting interdisciplinary collaboration. The Media Union anticipates the future not only by the proximity of its informational resources but by bringing together different types of information specialists to work collaboratively. The article provides a thorough description of the facility, its administrative structure, and examples of how pre‐existing organizational units made the trasition into the new environment.
Critical Engagement: The Merging of Public Health Information Resources
Authors: Allee Nancy , Savage Darin C.
Published: May 2004

As academic libraries and computer centers move toward convergence, multiple issues must be addressed before successful models of merged operations can develop. The organizational model of merged public health information resources at the University of Michigan stands as a viable example of collaborative operations under a unified management stucture. The undertaking represents more than administrative shuffling to consolidate staff and budgets: it is an attempt to reconceptualize the role of library services and computer services within an integrated model of cooperation that can offer more to its costituency than could the library and computing center functioning as separate entities. It is an undertaking that required a belief in the importance of information resources coupled with service and an approach that engages the larger academic mission of the university. The initiative has spawned new collaborative opportunities, resources, and interest, and has reinvigorated a sence of purpose and relevancy for the activities of the information professional.
Creating Knowledge Facilities for Knowledge Work in the Academic Library
Authors: MacAdam Barbara
Published: May 2004

Based on the work of a planning group of staff from across the library representing both technical and public services, a new facility called the Knowledge Navigation Center (KNC) opened. No positions were dedicated specifically to the KNC. Located in the Harland Hatcher Graduate Library, the center housed seven workstations and a mix of Macintosh and Windows platforms with an array of peripheral equipment. The initial software collection, all network mounted, included nearly 100 resources falling into several general categories: Internet tools form browsers to Web design software, imaging tools and multimedia design software, distance learning tools, presentation software, OCR and other tools for text applications, and GIS software and resources. In trying to define focus, and recognizing that no staff member could be expected to develop expertise in all the possible areas users might need, the planning group identified five main specialty areas: GIS, imaging and multimedia, text, distance learning/interactive technologies, and Internet tools. Publicity about the center stressed these five areas and attempted to convey a broad mission for the center in knowledge retrieval and creation.
Reality Check 1997: Personal Computing Approaches The Millenium
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: May 2004

Five years is several lifetimes in personal computing–or is it? The first “Trailing Edge” for 1992 (written in 1991) was “Reality Check: A Personal Quiz on Personal Computing,” It featured 66 true‐or‐false statements on all aspects of personal computing and provided comments on why the answers might or might not be significant. In a blatant attempt to reuse old material, the author reviews each of those 66 questions and answers and updates the answers more than five years later. Which topics are now irrelevant? Which continue to be interesting? The author adds some notes on aspects of personal computing that weren’t “on the radar” in early 1992 but that require attention in 1997 and 1998.
MicroMARC for integrated formats
Authors: Fleck Nancy W. , Rust Margaret
Published: May 2004

Archives collection managers have employed the power and flexibility of MicroMARC:amc since 1984. Now this MARC‐based information and storage retrieval software has been expanded to accommodate all MARC formats. The authors examine MicroMARC for Integrated Format version 1.2 and its data entry, searching, and reporting features, along with its latest upgrades. Features of the software include the ability to transfer records to and from local systems, make global changes to headings in the database, create additional indexes, and create reports that can be downloaded into word processing documents if necessary. The software can be loaded on stand‐alone computers or into a local area netowork (LAN) using DOS, Windows 95, or Windows NT.
The Internet public library: an intellectual history
Authors: Janes Joseph
Published: May 2004

The ideas and work behind the Internet Public Library are described, from the original conception and initial set of projects through to current endeavors. Emphasis is given to questions asked about the nature of librarianship in a digital environment and projects and services that attempt to answer those questions.
Section 2: The UW‐Madison Electronic Library: The administrative framework
Authors: Pope Nolan F.
Published: May 2004

The foundations for building a large research‐ and service‐orientated library automation environment are examined. The coordinating efforts between the UW‐Madison campus library community and administrative library committees overseeing the Electronic Library are described. The collaborative relationship between these committees, technical and non‐technical library staff, and library technology development, integration and support efforts is discussed.
Section 3: The Public Electronic Library: Learn as you go ‐ creating an electronic publishing capability
Authors: Gorman Peter C.
Published: May 2004

This section describes how library resources and services are made available through the EL. Access is considered in several forms including interface design and continuity, creating and testing the effectiveness of subject‐based organization, Web page menuing versus OPAC cataloging, electronic texts and publishing initiatives, desktop GIS applications and geospatial data sets, remote access from locations outside the libraries, and adaptive (ADA) technologies.
The Public Electronic Library: Web‐based subject guides
Authors: Dean Charles W.
Published: May 2004

Considers the way electronic information can be accessed by the adaptation and use of guides. Highlights the current interest in creating and implementing such a value‐added support when technical accessibility via the web is common. Outlines the creation of a web based subject guide at the University of Wisconsin. Profiles the structure of this and looks at the benefits and drawbacks of the system from the views of the students and the faculties.
The Public Electronic Library: Web‐menuing versus OPAC cataloging
Authors: Dentinger Sue
Published: May 2004

Compares and contrasts the benefits of Web menuing against the merits of OPAC cataloging. Looks at recent electronic developments of OPAC cataloging using web interfacing and the cost implications of cataloging the large volumes of data available. Discusses new metadata formats and offers a succint definition of metadata. Considers the need for national standards in electronic data searching.
The Public Electronic Library: Making resources more accessible
Authors: Daggett Steven C. , Lundquist Mitch
Published: May 2004

Outlines the issues facing those providing access through networked CD‐ROM databases, looking in particular at the limitations to users. Profiles the University of Wisconsin‘s solutions to these problems include the use of tape loading onto several computers and the implementation of a Silver Platter ERL server. Looks at the issues these solutions caused. Assesses Adaptive Computer Technologies in General Library Systems and mentions areas for future development.
Section 4: Technical infrastructure of the electronic library
Authors: Lundquist Mitch , Daggett Steven C. , McClung Mark , Gorman Peter C.
Published: May 2004

This section describes the clients, servers, and networks that comprise the EL. The technical and administrative process of integrating campus library LANs for accessing CD‐ROM databases is explained. A timeline is provided highlighting the major events in the development of the Campus OPAC, the suite of EL database resources, library computer networks and public and staff workstations.
Section 5: Electronic library production support: the library technology group help desk
Authors: Lundquist Mitch
Published: May 2004

The library technology group help desk is described, and the tools, procedures, and personnel for providing technical support to the campus libraries and library production systems are explained. Library production systems include both the public EL and the services and applications used by library staff to do their work. Developing and supporting the SilverPlatter ERL and Beilstein Minerva Consortium databases is also covered.
The Public Electronic Library: Unified access through EL workstation and interface
Authors: Gorman Peter C.
Published: May 2004

Profiles the accessibility of information from any computer at the University of Wisconsin. States that the building of a common hardware and software infrastructure has allowed the development of menu systems which combine a variety of systems into one seamless program. Cites the web as the key to this and shows how this is available to any user without consulting different indexes and lists. Provides examples of search results produced on this system.
Digital libraries: future potentials and challenges
Authors: Pope Nolan F.
Published: May 2004

Four broad area for future development in the digital library environment are identified and explored. The presentation and display of information is linked to interface design issues and the types of data and services that might be made available. The challenge of organizing resources and services into virtual collections, often based on vendor, product name, or levels of bibliographic access, is considered. Issues concerning the technical architecture of library systems and data are described, including multi‐tiered architecture, broadcast search capabilities, and support for a growing diversity of data formats. Rights management and access controls related to resource integrity and user security are discussed.
Hospital Advertising
Authors: Saad Andaleeb Syed
Published: May 2004

Examines the factors that influence consumer dispositions toward
hospital advertising. Both perceptual and demographic variables were
included in the analysis. The results suggest that when hospital
advertisements are perceived as helpful and not adding to patients′
costs, consumers are likely to favor this marketing activity. With the
exception of education, demographic factors did not have a significant
effect on the dependent variable.
International services: perspectives at century’s end
Authors: Clark Terry , Rajaratnam Daniel
Published: May 2004

As the twentieth century draws to a close, trade in services has begun to dominate the economies of many nations. International trade in services has also grown significantly, yet little research has been undertaken to understand international services. Theory lags practice by a considerable degree. This paper examines the international trade and services marketing literature, develops a definition and classification scheme of four types of international services, discusses recent trends in international services data and presents some perspectives on the future of international services.
Why Use Business Simulations?
Authors: Fripp John
Published: May 2004

Examines the design, development and use of a computer‐based simulation
as part of a course for executives in a leading insurance company. Uses
the case to show the benefits of such approaches to learning.
Competency Assessment
Authors: Tovey Laura
Published: May 2004

Part II outlines the strategic approach to competency assessment
developed by Harbridge Consulting Group. This consists of five main
building‐blocks, the components of which are selected and blended
depending on the situation and needs. These comprise: the strategic
review; strategic areas of competence; competency requirements;
application; and job and business performance. Finally furnishes two
brief case studies in order to illustrate the strategic approach to
competency assessment outlined.
Learning to manage risk in public services
Authors: Dowlen Ashley
Published: May 2004

Managing risk is a growing concern of operational managers who face
legislative change, financial constraint, increasing litigation and more
rigorous external scrutiny. Describes an approach to helping managers in
a social services department to consider and deal more effectively with
the risks encountered in day‐to‐day service delivery by focusing their
problems in a way which assists in determining effective learning
strategies. Identifies, key issues of concern both from the risk
management literature and by interviewing managers themselves, alongside
the exploration of practical methods of improving effectiveness. These
routes enabled learning priorities to be established, which were
incorporated in a carefully devised learning programme to help managers
in dealing with the complexities of risk in their day‐to‐day work.
Walking the tightrope
Authors: Brigley Stephen
Published: May 2004

Summarizes the findings of a research project into ethical
awareness and the relationship between individuals′ own ethics and those
within their own organization. Concludes that a majority see their work
in a professional ethical light and believe their organizations are
ethical too. However, ethical tensions produce ethical “grey
areas” making “pure” business decisions appear an
illusion. Recommends that ethics should be openly discussed and that
organizations raise the level of ethical awareness.
Releasing middle management potential: part 1
Authors: Dixon Philippa
Published: May 2004

Presents findings of research into culture change among middle
managers. Middle managers from 46 privatized organizations in the UK
formed the survey group, and their attitudes towards the process of
privatization and the culture change from public to private sector were
recorded and discussed. Results show that managers have a positive
attitude towards the changes and a willingness to adapt their role by
becoming more proactive in the change process.
The standards of competence for senior management :field test
results
Authors: Pierce Chris , Hannon Paul , Wilson Liz
Published: May 2004

Describes the national trialling of the Management Charter
Initiative Senior Management Standards which involved hundreds of senior
managers in 1994‐5. Outlines the results of the field tests and
concludes that the senior management standards have a high level of
acceptance among senior managers across a wide variety of organizations.
Organizational knowledge, learning and memory: three concepts in search of a theory
Authors: Spender J.‐C.
Published: May 2004

There is much interest in organizational knowledge following the recognition of its strategic place in inter‐firm competition, but there is no adequate theory of such knowledge, or of its acquisition, storage and application. Penrose’s (1959) theory of the growth of the firm, Nelson and Winter’s (1982) evolutionary economics, and the gestalt notions of discontinuous perceptual change taken from Lewin (1935), still define the cutting edge of the learning and knowledge‐based approaches to the firm. Compared with these field‐shaping works, the recent literature on organizational knowledge, learning and memory seems inconclusive. Takes a new start from the Jamesian distinction between knowing what and knowing how, and the Durkheimian distinction between individual and social forms of knowledge. The resulting pluralistic organizational epistemology implies a dynamic theory of the firm as a dialectical system of knowledge processes.
Pairing myth with type of change: implications for change communication
Authors: Jabri Muayyad
Published: May 2004

Draws attention to the value of myths for therapeutic purposes; cleansing oneself of addiction to theory. Espouses the need for moving beyond the rigidity of types and quantification of change. Attempts to loosen these types and to prepare the ground for their consideration side by side with myths. Discusses implications for learning and communication.
Journeys in a declining industry: stories of footwear manufacturing
Authors: Harfield Toby , Hamilton R.T.
Published: May 2004

Represents an experiment in style and methodology. Presents stories of managing decline in a rapidly deregulating environment. Collected data from managers in the New Zealand footwear manufacturing industry in face‐to‐face interviews with the intention of giving an insider view of strategic change. Highlights the stories of the managers, both visually and structurally, and places the academic discourse of theory and method in this background. Six stories demonstrate the diversity of the journeys taken in an attempt to manage decline in one industry. Suggests that, from the manager’s perspective, destination is determined by (and after) the journey, and not vice versa as suggested in the classical strategic management literature.
Towardsdemokratia‐ myth and the management of organizational change in ancient Athens
Authors: Cummings Stephen , Brocklesby John
Published: May 2004

Suggests that a systems approach to the management of organization change is something most business schools assume to be a recent development. Presents a 2,500‐year‐old example of an extremely successful systemic transformation, one which provides a useful stimulus to aid thinking in this field today. Of particular interest is the ancients’ appreciation of an aspect which is often paid little mind in modern systems interventions ‐ organizational mythology, and the notion that perhaps the most important aspect in managing change is providing continuity.
Electricity industry reform: a case analysis in Australia
Authors: Nelson Lindsay , Dowling Peter J.
Published: May 2004

Deregulation in the electricity supply industry (ESI) is taking place globally and this paper analyses a case of reform in Australia. The focus is on change management rather than the technical aspects of power generation, transmission and retail supply. Change theory has moved on from static models to dynamic models of strategic choice and it is against this background that the case is viewed. A contextualist approach is employed in which the substance, context and politics of change are used to analyse unfolding events. Management implications of the case are discussed.
Transforming the tax collector: reengineering the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore
Authors: Kien Sia Siew , Siong Neo Boon
Published: May 2004

This paper provides a comprehensive account of how the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) successfully managed organizational transformation to achieve significantly increased customer satisfaction, enhanced organizational agility, and dramatic reduction in tax arrears. The case study reaffirms that the soft issues are the hard issues in reengineering. Indeed, the recognition by IRAS that people resource issues are at the heart of change is the major factor for its success. In addition to tackling people issues, the transformation experience of IRAS also reveals the need to integrate the traditional change models more tightly in managing large‐scale change. The inability of IRAS in anticipating all major consequences of their change actions suggests an improvisational model of change management. Organizations embarking on large‐scale transformation should consciously build their internal capabilities to tackle emergent changes (e.g. establishing the information systems for change, nurturing people resources, and providing slack resources).
Informational network industrialization and Japanese business management
Authors: Steffensen Sam K.
Published: May 2004

Linking informational network and organizational change theories with the multi‐faceted transformations taking place in global competition, in particular the economic recession in the Asia‐Pacific and information technological progress, the paper focuses on two major issues: first, the task facing Japanese companies in accommodating themselves to new trends pushed ahead primarily by changes emerging in the info‐communications industries. It is demonstrated that major challenges are facing Japanese‐style organization and management practices along with the advent of informational network industrialization. Essentially, Japanese business networks are forced to transform their organizational structure in conjunction with open networking and management practices. Second, the paper focusses on the impact of the economic slump in Asia on the strategies and management of Japanese production networks in the region. It is argued that impending domestic restructuring will extend in much the same way to the Asian production networks, while integrating these into new types of international production complexes.
Crafted culture: governmental sculpting of modern Singapore and effects on business environments
Authors: Haley Usha C.V. , Low Linda
Published: May 2004

The Singaporean government has enjoyed an astounding record of success based on its ability to attract MNCs and corresponding capital. Government‐led development has involved crafting a culture that will adapt to MNCs’ needs and to fast‐changing global environments in a restructured economy. The socially re‐engineered Singaporean culture appears hierarchical, disciplined, authoritarian and a showcase for technocratic management. Yet, further crafting of the Singaporean culture along the top‐down, technocratic model seems to result in a diminishing ability to produce creative, innovative and productive workers for the knowledge economy and the MNCs that dominate it. The authors sketch the ideological bases for Singapore’s crafted culture and explore Singapore’s distinctive characteristics as well as governmental policies that have molded this culture. They proceed to highlight specific governmental policies that are designing Singapore for the restructured, globalizing and fast‐changing knowledge economy; and discuss the competing model offered by Taiwan. Finally, the authors propose some implications for civic society and cultural change in Singapore.
Making staff aware of risks
Authors: Symons John
Published: May 2004

Outlines the essential steps in establishing risk management as an
effective process in any organization and relates to management claims,
complaints and adverse incidents. Discusses the way to elicit and use
information from patients and staff. Emphasizes the need to learn from
all those involved in delivery and receipt of care.
Evaluating self‐managed learning – part 3: developing leaders
in a US health system
Authors: Herman Gilligan J.
Published: May 2004

The last in a series which evaluates the use of self‐managed
learning in management development processes within health care
settings. Analyses the evolution of the leadership development programme
established by the Lutheran Health System in the mid‐West USA.
Local pay determination
Authors: Meadows Sandra
Published: May 2004

Discusses the building blocks required for National Health Trusts in the UK to move effectively towards local pay determination as part of an overall coherent reward strategy. Concludes that the current preoccupation with purely the pay part of the reward strategy, combined with the absence of many of the other required building blocks, may well result in an extremely patchwork approach to reward and will leave the National Health Service in the position where it has lost the advantages of a national system, while failing to achieve the benefits of local pay determination.
Human resource management in the health‐care industry
Authors: Conant Galen , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2004

It has been said that managing change is a synonym for managing people through change. No other industry has experienced more change in the past ten years than the health‐care industry. In order to regulate all of this change, managers in health‐care organizations must identify new ways to deal with the changes. The issues are as old as time: job satisfaction, cultural conflict, and compensation. This paper addresses each of these key issues with the following examples. A new nursing paradigm that was implemented at a hospital has significantly increased job satisfaction. This paper also takes a look at ways to manage cultural conflict in a diversified workforce. Finally, the results of a team approach to compensation are studied.
Protecting the whistleblower: preventing retaliation following a report of patient abuse in health‐care institutions
Authors: Burkin Kevin , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2004

Health‐care providers throughout the USA face litigation and the threat of litigation on a daily basis due to claims of patient abuse. Hidden within the costs associated with defending patient abuse claims are the wrongful termination filings made by employees who claim they were retaliated against for their whistleblowing activity. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why an employer would resort to retaliatory acts in the shadow of a patient abuse filing and to discuss what steps are currently taken to prove and investigate the validity of a retaliation claim. Included within the body of this paper are court decisions on the topics of whistleblowing protection and violation of public policy. These examples are illustrated so that recommendations can be provided that assist the employer in avoiding a wrongful discharge claim and help to conclude that retaliation against the whistleblower is a costly mistake even with the employment at‐will principle as a defense.
Environmental Studies of Plants Grown in Soil Polluted with Cobalt and
Nickel‐56
Authors: Abo El‐Seoud M.A. , Abdel‐Sabour M.F. , Abdel‐Shafy H.I.
Published: May 2004

Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different levels
of Cobalt (Co), on the growth and on the chemical constituents of peanut
plants. Co was added to soil at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200
and 400mg Co/kg soil. Dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content,
catalase activity, total proteins and free amino acids content,
carbohydrates and sugars and mineral contents were determined in roots,
stems and leaves of the plant. Results showed that soil polluted with
higher rates of Co depressed plant growth in terms of dry matter
production. However, the relatively low levels of Co increased the dry
matter accumulation. The results obtained indicated high accumulation of
Co in plant, although the level of Co in the soil was added in
relatively low concentrations. On the other hand, plant chemical
constituents exhibited different responses according to plant organ and
Co application rate. In addition, the interaction effect both Co and Ni
on the mineral content of peanuts was investigated.
Managing our wastes
Authors: Wills Julian
Published: May 2004

Discusses the concept of waste management as opposed to waste
disposal – as the way in which organizations deal with their waste
– through the introduction of the Environmental Protection Act
(EPA) 1990 Part II which replaced the Control of Pollution Act (COPA)
1974. Examines the problems of the COPA and defines the benefits of the
EPA which gives the new waste regulation authorities (WRAs) extensive
powers such as the granting/revoking of licences to operators, the aim
being the control of the waste management process. Also examines other
features of the Act such as public registers and environmental auditing,
and takes a look at the future prospects of waste management.
Beach nourishment as efficient coastal protection
Authors: Charlier Roger H. , De Meyer Christian P.
Published: May 2004

Coastal sections suffering from erosion generally show the common
symptom of a lack of available sand to allow the build up of the natural
coastal barrier. Soft methods of coastal protection, including beach
nourishment, profile nourishment, feeder berms, compensation‐dredging,
aim to tackle the problem at its source, i.e. by supplying sand to the
system. When thoroughly designed, these methods are considered the best
technical/economical and appropriate solutions.
Electromagnetic fields and neoplasms ‐ fact and fiction
Authors: Szmigielski Stanislaw
Published: May 2004

About 50 epidemiological reports about possible associations between cancer morbidity and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) were published between 1979 and 1994. The majority of them (60‐75 per cent) documented a slight (1.5 to twofold) but significant increase in the incidence of certain rare forms of neoplasms (leukaemia, lymphoma, brain tumours). A limited support for carcinogenic potencies of EMFs is provided from cellular studies, but the effects appear to be generally weak, transient and difficult to replicate. Concludes that the available evidence associating cancer and EMF exposure is too tenuous to be convincing but too consistent to be ignored. Further progress needs better quantification of exposure levels and conditions, evaluation of dose‐effect relationships and liability to confounding carcinogenic factors that may influence morbidity rates in the investigated populations.
Integrating environmental education and environmental management
Authors: Leal Filho Walter
Published: May 2004

Shows how environmental education and environmental management, two major tools in promoting sustainable development, may be integrated. Outlines the common features of environmental education and environmental management, listing the benefits of the integration of both methodologies. Also describes some of the items that need to be considered so that such an integration may take place.
Reducing commercial vehicle accidents through accident databases
Authors: Murray Will , Whiteing Tony
Published: May 2004

Commercial vehicle accidents impose very significant costs on industry and society but for a variety of reasons the full costs are often poorly understood. Advocates that vehicle operators should undertake a full and systematic analysis of accident levels, causes and costs. Introduces the CCSM model of vehicle accident reduction. By undertaking analysis based on this approach, most vehicle operators should be able to identify measures to reduce accidents substantially. Typical measures include the implementation of vehicle accident monitoring systems, driver age and experience policies, reviews of vehicle speed policy, driver training schemes, more systematic driver recruitment and better vehicle specification.
Time‐based manufacturing logistics
Authors: Andries B. , Gelders L.
Published: May 2004

Proposes that, due to the changing market, companies can no longer
work with the logistic systems of the past but must develop new logistic
concepts, logistic management and control systems to support the new
concepts. Discusses the importance of order penetration point (OPP)
within the development of time‐based management and control systems.
Concludes that creativity in product development, production and
distribution must be based on strong modern logistical foundations to
survive in the competitive market.
Look before you leap
Authors: Perry Ray
Published: May 2004

Automating warehouse operations can be a very alluring proposition. However, it is vital that a decision to progress with such substantial investment is taken only after the deliverable benefits are thoroughly understood. This is especially important when the business environment is changing rapidly. Describes the approach taken by B&Q to decide on the appropriate level of automation; explains how, through a process of establishing good performance through manual processes, it has created a sound base against which it can evaluate automation, and how its new supply chain strategy has exposed further opportunities to improve business performance. Also describes how B&Q Distribution has renewed its focus on serving the customer (the B&Q retail store), and how this experience has affected the automation project. Finally, covers B&Q’s approach to supplier selection.
The role of supply‐chain re‐engineering in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Booth Rupert
Published: May 2004

Analyses the role of supply‐chain management in the pharmaceutical industry. Uses the pharmaceutical industry as a case study since it is an industry undergoing considerable change and is subject to a wide variety of commercial pressures. Illustrates therefore how logisticians can link the technicalities of their disciplines to the business issues facing their industry.
Integrated logistic support ‐ the Fleet Air Arm IT programme: problems, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Lashbrooke D.P. , Stratton J.D.
Published: May 2004

Describes the integrated logistics IT programme recently introduced in the Fleet Air Arm. This is part of a wider strategy to introduce improved management techniques. Explains the historical factors which led to the recognition of the need for the programme. Discusses some of the difficulties encountered and the challenges faced, and identifies the benefits.
Getting logistics into the boardroom
Authors: Day Abby
Published: May 2004

Ponders the factors which make senior management support of logistical initiatives so important and explores means of ensuring that such initiatives are included in the boardroom agenda. Presents an understanding of logistical activity which emphasizes its all‐embracing organizational influence, and its function as the deliverer of the marketers’ “promises”. Offers a further reason for boardroom attentiveness to logistical strategy ‐ the issue of profitability. recommends a number of practical strategies for individuals to rehearse in day‐to‐day dealings with senior management in their endeavours to retain board‐level support for logistical processes.
Carrier involvement in buyer‐supplier strategic partnerships
Authors: Gentry Julie J.
Published: May 2004

Refers to the recent trend to utilize strategic alliances and partnerships for securing both goods and services. Additionally, the supply chain management concept is gaining more acceptance as a method of sustaining a competitive advantage in global markets. Although the literature explores strategic partnerships within both the buyer and supplier context and the shipper and logistics context, there has been little attempt to link these relationships in order to explore multi‐firm interactions. Examines existing buyer‐supplier strategic partnerships and the role of carriers used to transport the particular items sourced within these partnerships through an in‐depth case study methodology of firms engaged in identifiable three‐party relationships. There are two primary objectives of this research: to assess the carriers’ perceived importance and degree of participation within the buyer‐supplier partnerships; and to explore further the relationship between strategic partnerships and supply chain management by presenting more detailed information from firms involved in three‐way relationships. Of interest to carriers, manufacturers, purchasers and academics.
Applying ISO 9000 principles when auditing
Authors: Gardner Edward R.
Published: May 2004

ISO 9000 should help an organization establish a new perspective for auditing; particularly with audit administration. Provides potentially new concepts to consider in administering the audit programme. Principal entities within the audit programme are the: audit programme administrator; audit administrator (or the auditor); and the auditee. Prior to ISO 9000, the administration of the audit process was often single‐threaded, typically applied to a single programme, initiative, application, or interest area. With ISO 9000, the audit process is recognized as organizational in nature, integrated with other key validation methods, to help evaluate and determine the effectiveness of the quality system across the organization. Argues that, in its implementation, ISO 9000 rollout within the organization should introduce new concepts, techniques, tasks, and process improvements that will help the quality of the organization, advance the audit process, and be complementary to the organization’s total quality management practices.
The Olympia and York Crisis
Authors: Ghosh Chinmoy , Guttery S. , Sirmans C.F.
Published: May 2004

Olympia and York (O&Y), the world′s largest privately held real estate
developer, filed for bankruptcy in Canada, the US and the UK in May
1992. The study of O&Y′s impact on banks′ financial performance is
important because its financial difficulties affected the banking
industry significantly. Unlike studies testing how major lenders′
problems affect other US banks′ stock prices, the study is novel in that
it tests how a major borrower′s problems affect both US and foreign
banks′ stock prices. Analyses the reactions of US and foreign bank
stocks and of O&Y′s bonds to its crisis; the capital market′s response is
strongly negative. O&Y′s distress was a major event that signalled the
real estate recession and investors′ concerns over the banking sector′s
substantial exposure to non‐performing real estate loans. Its creditors
applied increasing pressure on its management to disclose more financial
information, to renegotiate loans, and eventually, to file for
bankruptcy.
Housing as an Investment?
Authors: Hutchison Norman E.
Published: May 2004

Considers whether housing has been a successful investment for the home
owner during the period 1984‐1992, in absolute terms and in comparison
with other investment media such as equities and gilts. Discusses the
social and political influences which have encouraged a rise in home
ownership and evaluates the trends in share ownership. Details the
methodologies used in calculating the total returns from housing and the
impact of taxation. Shows that, on an aggregated UK basis, housing has
shown positive overall returns over this holding period and has proved
to be a good hedge against inflation, although under‐performing the
returns from UK equities. On a regional basis, the housing returns from
the northern regions were higher than those from the south of the
country, with the latter also showing a higher volatility of return.
Raises the question of whether housing could be a worthwhile addition to
an institutional property investment portfolio.
Property lending survey 1995
Authors: Riley Mike , Isaac David
Published: May 2004

Presents the results of a 1995 survey of the lending practices (for
property) of 59 banks and financial institutions. Highlights the salient
results in investment, development, location and the future. Concludes
that lenders are relaxing their lending criteria which will assist the
property sector. Cautions that lessons from the recession are still
fresh in lenders′ minds.
Swiss real estate as a hedge against inflation
Authors: Hamelink Foort , Hoesli Martin
Published: May 2004

Tests the inflation‐hedging effectiveness of Swiss real estate. Four proxies for expected inflation are used, two of them being based on autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models (ARCH‐M and QTARCH). The series used to proxy for real estate returns is a transactions‐based series adjusted for quality of the buildings by means of a hedonic model. Swiss stocks, bonds, real estate and real estate mutual funds are usually positively related to expected inflation and negatively related to unexpected inflation. Many of these coefficients, however, do not exhibit statistical significance.
The long‐term inflation‐hedging characteristics of UK commercial property
Authors: Matysiak George , Hoesli Martin , MacGregor Bryan , Nanthakumaran Nanda
Published: May 2004

Based on a multivariate analysis of long‐term total returns and inflation data over the period 1963‐1993, shows that commercial property total returns reflect both expected and unexpected components of inflation in the long term. There is no evidence that property returns systematically provide, on an annual basis, hedging characteristics against either of these components.
Is commercial property a hedge against inflation?
Authors: Tarbert Heather
Published: May 2004

Historically, investment in commercial property has been perceived as providing a hedge against inflation. A complete hedge against inflation is formally defined as an asset where the nominal returns vary in a positive one‐for‐one way with inflation. The belief that commercial property is an inflation hedge has persisted, notwithstanding the fact that many empirical tests have proven inconclusive. Use of the traditional methodology in this paper also produces poor results, although the hypothesis that commercial property is a hedge cannot be rejected. Explores the reasons for these poor results, and introduces a method of testing for a long‐run hedging relationship, based on cointegration. Cointegration techniques reject the hypothesis that commercial property is a consistent long‐run hedge against inflation.
Inflation hedging and UK commercial property
Authors: Schofield J.A.
Published: May 2004

Suggests that recent attempts to measure the inflation‐hedging characteristics of commercial property use an inappropriate methodology. As a result the conclusions of much of this body of work are of dubious value. Having an income and capital repayment linked to inflation, index‐linked gilts appear to be a good hedge against inflation. Applies traditional regression‐based inflation hedging tests to UK index‐linked gilts. The tests suggest that index‐linked gilts are not a hedge against inflation. There is an anomaly. The anomaly is resolved through explicitly defining a hedge against inflation and, given the definition, building a model to test if index‐linked gilts are a hedge against inflation. Concludes that index‐linked gilts are a hedge against inflation and that the regression‐based methodology is an inappropriate one. Given this finding, uses the procedure to assess the inflation‐hedging capacity of a single standard UK commercial property. It is found that property is around 20 per cent prone (80 per cent inflation proof). Finds the impact of the number of years between reviews, the level of yield and the level of gearing to be significant in the inflation‐hedging capacity of UK commercial property. Finally, the assumption of single property is relaxed to consider the characteristics of the portfolio of investment. This does not significantly change the results.
Impact fees and the financial structure of development
Authors: Henneberry John , Goodchild Barry
Published: May 2004

There is increasing pressure to shift the financial burden of the provision of off‐site infrastructure and services from government to building producers and consumers. Some measures to achieve this end have already been introduced on a piecemeal basis. Examines the financial implications of impact fees for development. The amount of the fee levied on a particular development is determined by the fee system. Its effects on the economics of property development are determined by the financial structure of the development. There is no necessary equivalence between impact fees and the ability of schemes to bear them. The same dichotomy exists, by extension, in the property market as a whole. Any fee system based on actual infrastructure impact will produce charges whose pattern differs from that of market strength. Weak markets would be faced with much greater adjustment problems than strong markets. As a result, impact fees threaten to disrupt existing property market structures. Developers should be aware of the fundamental change in their operational environment which would ensue.
Economic models: perspectives for the professional
Authors: Baumann Mark W. , Groth John C.
Published: May 2004

Economic models enjoy growing use and importance. An environment characterized by rapid change and the interplay of a host of variables prompts increased use of and reliance on models. For example, one might want to predict the effect of a change in interest rates on housing starts. On the other hand, a company might desire to predict demand levels for specific building products given reported housing starts. Others may have an interest in a better understanding of how humans behave in response to a change in variables in the environment. The first paper in a two paper series, provides a perspective and guidelines useful to the professional who may have to make decisions about economic models such as the usefulness of models, the important issues to consider when developing a model, the appropriateness of an existing model and interpretation of model output. Provides guidelines for the development and use of models.
Do EREIT returns measure real estate returns?
Authors: Moss Steven E. , Schneider Howard C.
Published: May 2004

Tests for correlation between the NCREIF (NC) Index and EREIT Index. A multiple time series methodology is used to control for spurious correlation, allow for leading and lagging relationships, and to control for autoregressive moving average processes found in the time series. The underlying variables generating returns for the investor, current cash flow and capital appreciation, are analysed separately. Significant correlation is found between the NC cash flows and EREIT dividends. Significant correlation is not observed between the NC portfolio and EREIT when capital values are analysed. Suggests that one or both series are not a good measure of real estate returns.
The appraisal of over‐rented property
Authors: Adams Andrew , Booth Philip
Published: May 2004

Develops and compares a number of alternative discounted cash flow (DCF) approaches to the appraisal of over‐rented property. The transparent nature of DCF techniques makes them more suitable than traditional techniques for the appraisal of over‐rented property, but the different DCF approaches reveal the essential risk characteristics of over‐rented property, including option characteristics similar to those of convertible bonds. This suggests that even more complex appraisal techniques used in other investment markets may be more appropriate.