bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação de segurança de medicamento off-label utilizados no tratamento da COVID-19: revisão sistemática/ Safety assessment of off-label medication used in the treatment of COVID-19: Systematic review
Authors: Oliveira Fabianny Silva de , Mendonça Gleyze da Silva , Silva Socorro de Souza
Published: June 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: O SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus de ácido ribonucleico, composto de uma fita de RNA positiva, com genoma formado por uma molécula de ribose, um ácido fosfórico e uma base nitrogenada, destacando-se a proteína spike e nucleoproteína que compõem a glicoproteína de pico. A glicoproteína faz com que o SARS-CoV-2 penetre na célula do hospedeiro pela ligação do receptor e membrana, fazendo a replicação do vírus em seu interior, ocasionando a transmissão do vírus.OBJETIVO: Analisar as principais reações adversas dos medicamentos utilizados de forma off-label no tratamento da COVID -19.MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se as palavras chaves nos bancos de dados Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Pubmed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina) e Lilacs (Literatura Latina – Americana e do Caribe em ciência da saúde. RESULTADOS: Ao final da pesquisa, foram encontrados nos bancos de dados 120 artigos, desses, 8 na plataforma Scielo, 39 no Lilacs e 73 no Pubmed. Após as etapas de seleção, foram excluídos 109 artigos por meio dos critérios de exclusão e selecionados para análise 11 artigos completos.CONCLUSÕES: Os estudos apontam para a falta de evidências conclusivas aos benefícios e a segurança das intervenções terapêuticas contribuindo para a morbidade e mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19. A utilização de medicamentos off- label manifestou uma quantidade bem significativa de reações adversas, superando os benefícios clínicos.
Stakeholder Perspectives of Attributes and Features of Context Relevant to Knowledge Translation in Health Settings: A Multi-Country Analysis
Authors: Squires Janet E. , Hutchinson Alison M. , Coughlin Mary , Bashir Kainat , Curran Janet , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Dorrance Kristin , Aloisio Laura , Brehaut Jamie , Francis Jill J. , Ivers Noah , Lavis John , Michie Susan , Hillmer Michael , Noseworthy Thomas , Vine Jocelyn , Graham Ian D.
Published: June 2021

Background: Context is recognized as important to successful knowledge translation (KT) in health settings. What is meant by context, however, is poorly understood. The purpose of the current study was to elicit tacit knowledge about what is perceived to constitute context by conducting interviews with a variety of health system stakeholders internationally so as to compile a comprehensive list of contextual attributes and their features relevant to KT in healthcare. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with health system stakeholders (change agents/KT specialists and KT researchers) in four countries: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic content analysis in four steps: (1) selection of utterances describing context, (2) coding of features of context, (3) categorizing of features into attributes of context, (4) comparison of attributes and features by: country, KT experience, and role. Results: A total of 39 interviews were conducted. We identified 66 unique features of context, categorized into 16 attributes. One attribute, Facility Characteristics, was not represented in previously published KT frameworks. We found instances of all 16 attributes in the interviews irrespective of country, level of experience with KT, and primary role (change agent/KT specialist vs. KT researcher), revealing robustness and transferability of the attributes identified. We also identified 30 new context features (across 13 of the 16 attributes). Conclusion: The findings from this study represent an important advancement in the KT field; we provide much needed conceptual clarity in context, which is essential to the development of common assessment tools to measure context to determine which context attributes and features are more or less important in different contexts for improving KT success.
Regional Differences in Admission Rates of Emergency Patients Who Visited a Private General Hospital in the Capital City of Cambodia: A Three-Year Observational Study
Authors: Kobashi Yurie , Cheam Sophathya , Hayashi Yoshifumi , Tsubokura Masaharu , Ly Veyleang , Noun Chanmakara , Kozuma Takehiro , Nit Buntongyi , Okawada Manabu
Published: June 2021

Background: Regional disparity is an imperative component of health disparity. In particular, providing emergency care that is equally available in rural areas is an essential part of reducing the urban–rural disparity. The objective of this study was to examine the worsening admission rate among Cambodian emergency patients in a rural area and determine their background characteristics that cause this decline. Methods: To investigate the disparity among patients who visited Sunrise Japan Hospital (SJH), a major general private hospital in the capital, patient data from November 2016 to September 2019 were obtained from the electronic reception patient database. The primary outcome was defined as the proportion of admission patients as an indicator of illness severity. The patients’ addresses were classified into 4 areas based on distance from the capital. Results: A total of 6167 patients who visited the emergency department at SJH between January 2017 and September 2019 were included in the analysis. The proportion of patients who needed to be hospitalized or transferred increased with the distance from the capital. The proportion of patients who finished consultation decreased with the distance from the capital (P<.01: Chi-square test). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the admission rate in rural areas was significantly higher only among males as compared to that of the capital in multivariate analyses adjusted for age, time, and season. Conclusion: The admission rate of emergency patients who visited a private general hospital in Cambodia’s capital city increased with distance from the capital city. To improve regional disparity among emergency patients, further research is necessary to identify the issues among emergency patients, especially those who are vulnerable.
Precambrian organic compounds from the Ketilidian of South-West Greenland. Part IV
Authors: Lam J , Pedersen K.R
Published: June 2021

Organic compounds have been extracted from Ketilidian sedimentary rocks (nearly 2000 m.y. old). The results are compared with the previously published data obtained on material from the Ketilidian low metamorphic (greenschist facies) supracrustals and with results from graphite from the Nagssugtoqidian fold belt of West Greenland. Organic compounds have been extracted from two dolomitic samples and a graphite sample of respectively about 15 kg, 7 kg, and 8.5 kg. A grey dolomitic shale is the only dolomitic sample in which monoterpenoid compounds were found, and it is different from the others in the Jack of normal alkanes, or at least they are present only in trace amounts. A dark dolomitic sample is shown to contain normal alkanes of the range C11 to C20 and a graphite from a high-grade metamorphic gneiss (amphibolite facies) has a content of normal alkanes (C14 to C18), normal fatty acids from C12 to C18 and monounsaturated acids from C15 to C19 besides branched C13-, C14-, and C15-acids. The three samples contain branched-cyclic, aliphatic compounds and various aromatic substances, especially the homologous benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene compounds. The organic compounds extracted from the Ketilidian supracrustals are from graphitic and dolomitic rocks of different types deposited under rather different conditions. By comparison it is seen that low-grade metamorphosed samples yield the highest amounts of organic material per kilogram, and that monoterpenoids are present preferentially in coal-graphite samples while only one dolomitic sample contains detectable amounts of monoterpenoid compounds. The variation in the accumulation of organic material was perhaps dependent on the rate of production of organic material and/or on the deposition conditions. There was possibly also a difference in the biological activity, perhaps with different types of organisms, depending on other conditions in the area.
The structure of south Renland, Scoresby Sund. With special reference to the tectono-metamorphic evolution of a southern internal part of the Caledonides of East Greenland
Authors: Chadwick B
Published: June 2021

Renland occupies an internal position within the southern extreme of the outcrop of the Caledonian mobile belt of East Greenland exposed between latitudes 70° and 82° N. In south-west Renland migmatised paragneisses derived from sediments comparable to the late Precambrian Lower Eleonore Bay Group form a multilayered sequence with a minimum thickness of 1500 m. The migmatites are interleaved with thick concordant sheets of garnetiferous augen granite, the formation of which may be linked with the low-pressure granulite or transitional amphibolite-granulite facies conditions attained during migmatisation of the paragneisses. These conditions persisted during the folding together of paragneisses and granites into regional structures of nappe dimensions which had a north or north-west direction of transport. Refolding of the nappes under continued high-grade conditions gave rise to structures locally coaxial with nappe axes. Reversals of facing of nappes occur in backfolds. Linear fabrics of sillimanite and biotite and prolate ellipsoidal augen of feldspar are parallel to fold axes and show that constrictional deformation dominated the later stages of the nappe phase and the refolding event. The constriction is attributed to compressing of rocks in south-west Renland between nappes advancing from the south and a rising mass of granite and basement gneisses in the north. Intrusion of concordant sheets of biotite-rich hypersthene monzonite (mangerite) followed the nappe deformation in south-east Renland. The principal sheet, which is 500 m thick, forms the rim to part of a lopolithic basin. Thinner sheets of monzonite injected into migmatites within the basin have been disrupted by further migmatisation and granitisation. Stable assemblages in pyribolite restite suggest this later event, which was restricted largely to the basin, attained conditions of hornblende-granulite facies. Open warps attributed to monzonite injection and the basin formation are superimposed on nappes west of the principal sheet. Normal faults with downthrow to east and west relate to the formation of troughs filled with Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments in the Scoresby Sund region. The distribution of the faults suggests Renland was a horst area in Upper Palaeozoic times. Tertiary igneous activity in south Renland is represented by rare dykes of olivine dolerite and scattered plugs of pyroxenite which locally contain large blocks of host gneisses.
On sapphirine from West Greenland
Authors: Sørensen H
Published: June 2021

Two new occurrences of sapphirine from West Greenland are described. In the first of them (from Sukkertoppen District) sapphirine is present as rims of reaction around grains of corundum in patches of anorthite in small lenses of hornblendite. The hornblendites are found in a hydrid zone around a bronzititic ultrabasite. The second occurrence of sapphirine is a boulder of hornblendite found in the Qorqut branch of the Godthaab Fiord. Sapphirine is here found in a similar way as in the first-mentioned occurrence, namely as rims between corundum/spinel and anorthite. New observations from the Fiskenæsset occurrence are published. It is shown that the sapphirine-bearing rock has been formed by retrograde metamorphism of a spinel-bearing bronzitite. Sapphirine is formed at the expense of spinel ; gedrite, hornblende and phlogopite at the expense of the bronzite. Corundum has also been found in this occurrence. Irregular replacement veins are found in the sapphirine-bearing rock. They consist of basic plagioclase, hornblende, biotite and cordierite. It is suggested that this cordierite (and possibly the kornerupine) has been formed at the expense of the sapphirine. The occurrences of sapphirine at Sukkertoppen and at Auvaitsersarfik are briefly mentioned. Corundum in ultrabasic rocks is discussed. The parageneses with sapphirine mentioned in the literature are reviewed and the stability relations of sapphirine are discussed. It is concluded that sapphirine most often appears to be formed at the expense of spinel and corundum and that it often is associated with ultrabasic rocks. Sapphirine is regarded to be formed where concentrations of Al in a milieu rich in Mg and poor in Si have been metamorphosed in a "closed system" under conditions of P,T corresponding to high amphibolite low granulite facies.
Silurian stratigraphy and facies distribution in Washington Land and western Hall Land, North Greenland
Authors: Hurst J.M
Published: June 2021

A new lithostratigraphic scheme is erected for the Silurian rocks of Washington Land and western Hall Land, North Greenland. The lowermost Silurian sediments are grouped with underlying Ordovician rocks in the Morris Bugt Group. The remaining Silurian platform carbonate sediments are included in the Washington Land Group (new) whilst basin slope rocks are assigned to the Peary Land Group (new). Following the Morris Bugt Group Silurian sediments were deposited in two main environments, platform and basin slope. Sediments in these settings are completely different, the platform is characterised by carbonates and the basin slope by mudstones, cherts and resedimented conglomerates. The hinge between platform and basin slope is characterised by abrupt and complex facies changes and in some areas carbonate buildups and megabreccias. The platform succession is at maximum 2 km thick whilst the basin slope sediments are about 600 m thick. The platform region subsided very unequally and two major periods of platform subsidence are recognisable; late Cincinnatian to early Llandovery and late Llandovery to early Wenlock. Four formations are included in the Morris Bugt Group, of which the uppermost Aleqatsiaq Fjord Formation straddles the Ordovician – Silurian boundary. The Washington Land Group is divisible into 10 formations including: Adams Bjerg Formation (new) composed of marginal marine stromatolitic dolomites with a carbonate buildup – Early(?) to Middle Llandovery Age; Pentamerus Bjerge Formation (new) a carbonate buildup, fringing reef, complex – Middle(?) Llandovery to Wenlock Age; Kap Godfred Hansen Formation (new) composed of submarine fan calcarenites and megabreccias – Middle (?) Llandovery to Wenlock Age; Petermann Halvø Formation (new) composed of marginal to open marine dolomites – Early Llandovery Age (?); Bessels Fjord Formation (new) a carbonate buildup complex – Middle (?) to Late Llandovery age; Offley Island Formation composed of shallow platform biostromes – Late Llandovery Age; Kap Lucie Marie Formation (new) composed of offshore to slope calcarenites and shales – Late Llandovery Age; Kap Morton Formation (new) composed of offshore platform to basin slope (peri-platform) lime mudstones – Wenlock to Ludlow Age; Kap Maynard Formation(new) divisible into Dolomite and Limestone Members (new) composed of offshore platform to basin slope (peri-platform) dolomites, shales and lime mudstones – Wenlock to Ludlow Age; Hauge Bjerge Formation (new) divisible into Cape Tyson Member and Kap Independence Member (new) a carbonate buildup complex – Middle (?) Llandovery to Wenlock Age. The Peary Land Group is divisible into two formations including: Cape Schuchert Formation composed of basin slope and starved basin, calcarenites, cherts and black limestones – Middle to early Late Llandovery Age; Lafayette Bugt Formation (new) composed of basin slope shales and conglomerates – Middle Llandovery to Ludlow Age.
Triassic lithostratigraphy of East Greenland between Scoresby Sund and Kejser Franz Josephs Fjord
Authors: Clemmensen L.B
Published: June 2021

The lithostratigraphic scheme currently in use for the Triassic rocks in Jameson Land and ScoresbyLand (70°25'-72°N) is revised and extended to cover areas to the north of Kong Oscars Fjord, up to Kejser Franz Josephs Fjord (73°15'N). The Triassic sediments (1000-1700 m thick) belong to the Scoresby Land Group which is divided into two subgroups (redefined) and four formations: the marine Wordie Creek, and the mainly continental Pingo Dal (redefined), Gipsdalen (redefined) and Fleming Fjord Formations. These formations are here subdivided into a total of 12 members and 4 beds. Four members (the Svinhufvuds Bjerge, Ødepas, Kolledalen and Vega Sund Members) and four beds (Gråklint, Sporfjeld, Pingel Dal and Tait Bjerg Beds) are new. Three members (the Paradigmabjerg, Solfaldsdal and Kap Seaforth Members) are redefined. The lithostratigraphic succession and the Triassic depositional environments in East Greenland are briefly discussed and compared with other Triassic sequences in the North Sea area.
Chapter 8: Timing of thermal episodes
Authors: Christiansen F.G , Hansen K
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
Conodonts from the Upper Ordovician – Lower Silurian carbonate platform of North Greenland
Authors: Armstrong H.A
Published: June 2021

Samples from Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian strata of the North Greenland carbonate platform have yielded approximately 16 500 identifiable conodont elements referable to 25 multi-element genera and 71 species and subspecies. A single genus, Pseudobelodella and 17 species and subspecies are new. In addition, 8 informal groups of indeterminate species of Oulodus are described. The Upper Ordovician conodont species can be referred to 'Fauna 12' of the American Midcontinent Province where the presence of Rhipodognathus symmetrius in the late Richmondian is typical of shallow water deposits. The Ordovician-Silurian boundary is difficult to place in this study using conodonts. New conodont zonations are proposed for Lower Silurian shelf and slope biofacies; two new early Llandovery conodont zones are erected in the slope biofacies, the Aspelundia expansa Biozone (?earliest Rhuddanian to early Aeronian) and the Aspelundia fluegeli Biozone (early Aeronian to early Telychian). The Pterospathodus celloni Biozone is shown to be particularly valuable in the correlation of strata of late Llandovery age throughout North Greenland.
Upper Llandovery and Wenlock Cyrtograptus from the Silurian Peary Land Group, North Greenland
Authors: Bjerreskov M
Published: June 2021

Recent collections of graptolites from the Silurian Peary Land Group in North Greenland have yielded several samples of Cyrtograptus. From this material 16 species and subspecies are described, and one new species, Cyrtograptus multibrachiatus, is erected. The described material represents a time span from the uppermost Llandovery to the uppermost Wenlock.
Lithostratigraphy of the continental Devonian sediments in North-East Greenland
Authors: Olsen H , Larsen P.H
Published: June 2021

A new lithostratigraphy is erected for the continental Devonian sedimentary rocks in North-East Greenland based on genetic stratigraphy.
Early Tertiary lavas and sills on Traill Ø and Geographical Society Ø, northern East Greenland: petrography and geochemistry
Authors: Hald N
Published: June 2021

The Early Tertiary extrusion of flood basalts in East Greenland was accompanied by intrusion of numerous sills in the Upper Palaeozoic arid Mesozoic sediments of the N–S trending East Greenland rift zone. With a few exceptions the lavas and sills have low contents of Ti and other incompatible elements, indicating a genetic relationship with the lavas and sills north of Kejser Franz Joseph Fjord rather than with the lavas in the Scoresby Sund area. Two sills are described in greater detail. The first, from Geographical Society Ø, is 60 m thick and homogeneous throughout. The second, from southern Traill Ø, is more than 150 m thick and atypical as it ranges in composition from low-Ti tholeiite to diorite.
GEUS – the new national geological survey
Authors: Ghisler M
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
Contribution to the stratigraphy of the non-marine Tertiary deposits on the south coast of the Nûgssuaq Peninsula, Northwest Greenland
Authors: Koch B.E
Published: June 2021

The Tertiary, sedimentary sequence on the south coast of the Nûgssuaq peninsula, North Greenland (The Upper Atanikerdluk Formation) is described. The type area on the south-eastern part of the peninsula (the Atanikerdluk area) shows the Upper Atanikerdluk formation divided into 5 members: Plateau basalts 5. Point 976 member 4. Aussivik member 3. Umiussat member 2. Naujât member 1. Quikavsak member Cretaecous (Atane formation) The Plateau basalts rest upon the Upper Atanikerdluk formation which again rests unconformably upon the Atane formation (Cretaceous). The first occurrence of subaeric lavas is found in Aussivik member. West of the type area (Pautut and more westerly) the basalt volcanism began earlier, and here the number of sedimentary members of the type area substituted by products of the volcanism (basalt breccia and Plateau basalts) is increasing the more westerly one comes. The basal Quikavsak member is only visible locally owing to its origin as an infilling of a river-valley in connection with the Paleocene transgression. This fossil river-valley can be traced from Atanikerdluk (purely fluviatile) by Pautut to Nûk kitdleq, where a marine intercalation has yielded a minor fossil fauna making the Paleocene age probable by its accordance with an occurrence of marine, fixed Lower Paleocene fauna in a delta deposit at Angmârtussut (the Agatdalen valley), whose stratigraphic equivalence to Quikavsak member is proved. With 1) this fixed point in the Agatdalen valley, 2) the faunal agreement between this occurrence and Nûk kitdleq, 3) the agreement between the fossil flora of the fixed occurrence at Angmârtussut and Quikavsak member at Atanikerdluk and the other occurrences of this member at the south coast of the Nûgssuaq peninsula as well as 4) the same position in the geological course of events, all these occurrences of Quikavsak member and the litho-stratigraphically equivalent occurrences at Angmârtussut are linked together as Lower Paleocene deposits. This dating thus applies to the known fossil floras "Upper Atanikerdluk A" and "Upper Atanikerdluk B" of O. Heer. A short survey of the fossil floras from the localities described is given. Finally, Macclintockia Kanei (Hr.) Sew. & Conw. is stated zone fossil of the Lower Paleocene of West Greenland.
On the field occurrence and petrography of some basic dykes of supposed pre-Cambrian age from the southern Sukkertoppen District, western Greenland
Authors: Berthelsen A , Bridgwater D
Published: June 2021

Within the southern Sukkertoppen district the highly metamorphosed basement rocks are traversed by several systems of basic dykes which on field evidence may be divided into an older and a younger group. The two periods of dyke intrusion are separated by the formation of an important system of NE-striking wrench faults, the Fiskefjord fauIts. The older dykes are displaced dextrally by these faults. Both groups of dykes include several sets, each with its definite and persistent trend. Petrographically the dykes may be divided into the same two main groups, an older generally orthopyroxene and olivine-bearing group and a younger pigeonitic, olivine-free group. These criteria are, however, not absolute. The older group shows, when all dykes are considered, a gradation from a very mafic rock to a more normal tholeiite, with considerable interstitial quartz, development of pigeonite instead of orthopyroxene, and an ophitic texture. These latter features are all characteristic of dykes belonging to the younger group. Within the older group, variation in mineral composition and texture seems to have been controlled by two interdependent factors, a) the order of crystallisation and b) sorting, probably under gravity. These have led to the following, seemingly anomalous relationships ; 1) dykes with a high content of early, euhedral, magnesium-rich mafic minerals show interstitial anorthite-poor feldspars; while 2) dykes with alate, iron-rich, ophitic pyroxene show more euhedral feldspars with a greater anorthite content. It is suggested that this is due to movement and sorting of crystals during the consolidation of the magma. The mafic rocks may thus have been formed by a concentration of early crystals set in a late feldspar residium; while the lighter, early feldspars solidified in a residium containing iron-rich pyroxene and a concentration of quartz and alkali feldspar. This differentiation took place prior to injection of the dykes.
On two specimens of fossil wood with adhering bark from the Nûgssuaq Peninsula
Authors: Mathiesen F.J
Published: June 2021

An important part of the paleontological material collected by the "Danish Nûgssuaq Expeditions" under the leadership of A. Rosenkrantz consists of very extensive collections of fossil wood. The greater part of the samples brought home are distinguished by a very good, in some case an excellent state of preservation which has made it possible to obtain from them slides of a unique quality. While previous finds of fossil wood from the artic have been mostly of a casual nature, the samples collected as erratics, the greater part of the material gathered in 1938 and 1939 has been taken either from strata of known geological age or at least found in the screes originating from such strata.
On some pre-Cambrian metadolerites from the central Ivigtut region SW Greenland
Authors: Bondesen E , Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

After their consolidation, the Ketilidian gneisses were transversed by several generations of tensional, doleritic dykes-the Kuánitic dykes. During a later episode (the Sánerutian) these dykes were metamorphosed to varying degrees of alteration which increase in the described area from west to east. Along a specific metadolerite, which can be traced approx. 40 km, the metamorphic grade changes from greenschist to amphibolite facies. In the western parts static conditions and in the eastern parts dynamic conditions, prevailed during the alteration. Sánerutian shear zones in the eastern parts depict the dynamic conditions found here.
The composite net-veined diorite intrusives of the Julianehåb district, South Greenland
Authors: Windley B.F
Published: June 2021

Net-veined diorite intrusive are described from a plutonic environment of Precambrian granites in the Julianehåb district of S. Greenland. They are composite, minor intrusions consisting of a central diorite flanked by margins of aplitic granodiorite and they are characterised by the presence of pillow-shaped diorite blocks formed by granitic net-veins penetrating from the margins into the central diorite. The net-veins have not chilled the diorite, but along a few there are coarser grained margins in the diorite in which biotite, sphene and orthite have recrystallised. A contraction crack - shear plane theory is proposed to explain the formation of the net-veins. The granite material was introduced along the walls of the bodies from where it penetrated inwards through a network of contraction cracks. It was also introduced through the central parts of bodies along a set of parallel sheet fractures formed by shearing and compression of the diorite. The granitic material was produced by rheomorphism-at-depth from the recently reactivated granites of the Julianehåb district; it followed its basic parent to higher levels, where it penetrated the diorite at least partly by a process of recrystallisation and replacement.
Superposed deformations of the Ketilidian gneisses in the Sârdloq area, South Greenland
Authors: Windley B.F
Published: June 2021

A large part of the Sårdloq area comprises intercalated horizons of homogeneous gneiss, veined gneiss and banded gneiss of Precambrian age. The gneisses were deformed during the Ketilidian orogeny by three phases of folding, F1-F3. F1 are in the form of mesoscopic intrafolial folds in varying states of preservation within the regional foliation, S1. F2 are mesoscopic and macroscopic folds that have a shallow plunge to the NE and SW, where unaffected by the third folding. Asymmetrical, similar, disharmonic folds with curviplanar axial planes but constantly oriented axes are the characteristic F. structures formed under strong lithological control mostly in the veined gneiss horizons under syn-migmatisation and amphibolite facies conditions. The crystallisation of constituent minerals taking place under syn- to post-kinematic conditions outlasted the deformation. S. axial plane structures are rarely developed. F3 folds have a constant orientation with vertical axial planes and plunge variably to the NW or SE. The F3 folds are in the form of a macroscopic buckling of the S1 foliation formed under post-migmatisation and epidote-amphibolite facies conditions. A tectonic mélange was locally formed in response to the third phase movements. A structural correlation is made with neighbouring areas. It is suggested that the metamorphism and migmatisation are diachronous with respect to the fold phases, arriving during the third folding at a higher level in the Nanortalik area to the SE.
Observations on some Holocene glacier fluctuations in West Greenland.
Authors: Weidick A
Published: June 2021

Historical and contemporary data record a major fluctuation of the position of the Inland Ice and local glaciation ice margins in the area. Regardless of the glacier type these frontal fluctuations are mostly in phase, with glacial readvances occurring around 1650(?), 1750(?), 1850(?), 1890 and 1920 A.D. Correlation with meteorological data suggests the operation of a delay of a few to twenty years before glacier response to climatic fluctuation. Whilst the individual readvances generally are recognisable throughout the area their magnitude shows a regional variation. Thus, near the coast and in South Greenland the readvances before 1850 produced the historical maximum extent of glaciers, whilst in the northernmost part of the area, Nûgssuaq peninsula and Umanak district, the advance of 1920 in part was responsible for the maximum extent. The historical frontal fluctuation corresponded with a fluctuation of the glaciation limits of 100-200 m. As a whole the deposits of the historical glacier advance form a zone marking a single stage in the extent of the glaciers. Zones of Inland Ice margin deposits of a similar magnitude of prehistoric age, have been widely recognized in the area. Three zones have been distinguished; an inner zone, an outer zone and a nunatak zone. The inner zone possibly includes several stages, but the main features date from subboreal or early subatlantic times. The outer zone comprises two stages formed at 7,500-8,500 and 9,000-9,500 B.P., whilst the nunatak zone (comprising several stages) was formed before or around 10,000 B.P. Prehistoric ice margin stages of local glaciers have been less extensively investigated. In general, they indicate only late and slight development of local glaciers due, it is believed, to the glaciation limit at the time of the retreat of the continental glaciation being already too high for their widespread development. An exception from this general trend is in the Julianehåb district where the more rapid disappearance of the continental glaciers may have favoured the better development of local glaciers.
Undersøgelse af mesozoiske Lerarter og Kaolin paa Bornholm i geologisk og teknisk Henseende
Authors: Rørdam K
Published: June 2021

Af den mesozoiske Gruppe findes paa Bornholm kun Jura og det ældste Led af Kridtformalionen i Danmark, henholdsvis Lias og Grønsand. Opgaven var nøiere at undersøge de i disse Formationer forekommende Lerlag. Desforuden forekommer der nogle Lerarter af en tvivlsom Alder og Oprindelse, nemlig den bekjendte Kaolindannelse Øst for Rønne og nogle røde Lerarter paa Sydkysten fra Soseodde til Læsaa, der maaske kunne henregnes til Keuper; men disse Lerarter ere dog medtagne, da deres Alder som sagt er noget uvis, og de i flere Henseender frembyde megen Interesse.
Lower Jurassic biostratigraphy and ostracods of the Danish Embayment
Authors: Michelsen Olaf
Published: June 2021

The Lower Jurassic sequence and ostracods from 36 borings within the Danish Embayment are analysed and described.Hettangian, Sinemurian and Pliensbachian are demonstrated on the basis of extensive ostracod faunas, whilst only weak indications of Aalenian have been found.The following ostracod zones are defined as a basis for a biostratigraphical subdivision of the Lower Jurassic series in the Danish Embayment:The Ogmoconchella adenticulata - Nanacythere (Nanacythere) simplex Zone (Upper Pliensbachian).The Ogmoconchella danica Zone (Upper Sinemurian and Lower Pliensbachian).The Gramannella apostolescui - Kinkelinella (Klinglerella ) foveolata Subzone (Lower Pliensbachian).The Progonoidea reticulata Subzone (lowest Upper Sinemurian, Lias Beta-1a).The Cristacythere betzi - C. crassireticulata Zone (upper Lower Sinemurian).The Ogmoconchella aspinata Zone (Hettangian and lower Lower Sinemurian).The chronostratigraphical subdivision of the Lower Jurassic sequence in the Danish Embayment is presented, based upon the ostracod faunas described here and upon previous investigations of sediments, foraminifera and megafossils.The conditions prevailing in the basin are discussed, with descriptions of the sedimentary and faunal developments, and an evaluation of the relationships with other parts of the Northwest European area.124 ostracod species are described; 23 are described as new, whilst 30 species which cannot be referred to any known species are described with open nomenclature owing to limited or badly preserved material. The remaining 71 species have all been described previously and are more or less well-known. The 124 species fall into 27 genera or subgenera, of which 2 genera (Pseudomacrocy pris and Cristacythere) and 1 subgenus (Nanacythere (Goniocythere)) are established as new.A subdivision is made of the described Lower Jurassic "Procytheridea". The genus Klinglerella Anderson, 1964 is placed as a subgenus under Kinkelinella Martin, 1960. Pleurifera Gramann, 1962 and Progonoidea Gramann, 1962 are regarded as independent genera placed together with Kinkelinella and the new genus Cristacythere.The family Healdiidae is regarded as being represented by only three genera in the Lower Jurassic: Ogmoconcha, Ogmoconchella and Pseudohealdia. The Ontogenetic development of the muscle scar area in Ogmoconchella is shown to be a development from a simple muscle scar of the Pseudohealdia-type to a typical Ogmoconchella-scar.ree genera in the Lower Jurassic: Ogmoconcha, Ogmoconchella and Pseudohea!dia. The Ontogenetic development of the muscle scar area in Ogmoconchella is shown to be a development from a simple muscle scar of the Pseudohea/dia-type to a typical Ogmoconchella-scar.
Late- and Post-glacial sediments in the Randers fjord area. Geochemical, sedimentological, and geoelectric investigations
Authors: Villumsen Arne , Andersen Holger Lykke
Published: June 2021

Thickness and distribution of Late- and Post-glacial sediments in an Eastern Jutland valley system have been mapped, and their sedimentogenetic and diagenetic relations have been studied. The chemical and sedimentological methods used are discussed in detail. Post-glacial marine sediments formed in a tidal fjord environment are the most important deposits in the area, and it is shown that river supplies of freshwater control the salinity of the environment and were responsible for the rather high content of allochthonous material in the sediment. The marine sediments rest on Late-glacial sand, whose surface topography indicates that the valleys were formed by subglacial erosion. Local occurrences of dead ice were present at least until the Littorina sea (Atlantic) transgression. Depth conditions for Early Post-glacial peat are used to estimate the groundwater level and the course of the river Gudenå in the Continental Period. Sedimentary facies in the Atlantic Littorina sea are discussed, including salinity, tidal activity, water depth, nutrient conditions, and exchange of stagnant bottom water from the deepest parts of the fjord area. The sequence seems to have been influenced only by minor syndiagenetic and weathering processes.With the intention of providing supplementary information to that obtained from mapping of the Post-glacial sediments of the region 161 electric soundings have been carried out in the Randers fjord area. The specific resistivity of the sediments has been determined and the principle limitations of the methods applied have been investigated. Interpretation of the electric soundings has been done using a new system of computer programs. Maps showing the thickness relationships and variations in specific resistivity in the uppermost, largely Post-glacial deposits in the area have been prepared, and a map showing the location of the surface of the Danian limestone and occurrence of Tertiary clay is also presented.
The stratigraphy, structure and origin of glacial deposits in the Randers area, eastern Jutland
Authors: Larsen Gunnar , Jørgensen Flemming Højgaard , Priisholm Søren
Published: June 2021

The investigations of the glacial sequence in the Randers area include mapping of the surface layers, study of bore profiles and detailed examination of outcrops, concentrating on the determination of transport directions in the deposits.The following stratigraphic succession has been established:Highest: NE tillTebbestrup Formation (melt water deposits)SE tillHaldum Formation (melt water deposits)Lowest: NE tillThe two uppermost units can with certainty be referred to Weichselian. Arguments are presented that the three lowermost units are of Saalian age.The origin of the sequence is discussed. The highest hills in the area (Ølst, Lysnet) were probably formed by the Saalian ice from the NE, since they appear to have influenced flow directions during the deposition of the Haldum Formation. This formation is considered to represent a sandur formed in front of the advancing ice from the SE. In the Weichselian, prior to the formation of the Tebbestrup Formation, the landscape obviously had a varied relief. The formation which infills the lower parts of this landscape is considered as a sandur, formed in front of the advancing ice from the NE. This sandur, together with the prominent hills from the Saalian, formed the substrate for the ice from the NE. This ice modified, but did not destroy the old hills.
Middle and Late Weichselian marine deposits at Nørre Lyngby, northern Jutland, Denmark, and their foraminiferal faunas
Authors: Knudsen Karen Luise
Published: June 2021

The marine Weichselian deposits at Nørre Lyngby are subdivided into four assemblage zones based on the content of benthonic foraminifera.The lowermost zone, the Bulimina marginata-Buccella frigida zone, is correlated with the upper part of the Older Yoldia Clay of Yendsyssel and inferred to be of Middle Weichselian interstadial age.The Elphidium subarcticum zone is correlated with the Lower Saxicava Sand and the Elphidium excavatum zone with the Younger Yoldia Clay of Vendsyssel. The E. subarcticum zone is found to be a sandy facies within the lower part of the E. excavatum zone at Nørre Lyngby. The foraminiferal faunas of these two zones indicate mainly artic climatic conditions. Radiocarbon dates show that the E. subarcticum zone and also a major part of the E. excavatum zone belong to late Middle Weichselian.The uppermost zone, the Elphidium albiumbilicatum zone, is correlated with the Upper Saxicava Sand. The foraminiferal faunas in this zone seem to indicate an amelioration in climate, and the deposit might be present the Late Weichselian Bølling interstadial.
Bornholms Paradoxideslag og deres Fauna
Authors: Grönwall Karl A
Published: June 2021

I den første Halvdel af det 19de Aarhundrede, samtidig med den geologiske Videnskabs store almindelige Fremskridt i Europa, blev Grunden lagt til Kundskaben om Bornholms Geologi, særlig ved Forchhammer's banebrydende Arbejder. Disse beskæftigede sig, naturlig nok, dog kun i ringe Grad med de kambrisk-siluriske Dannelser, deres Lagfølge og Forsteninger.
Saltvandsalluviet det nordostlige Sjælland
Authors: Rørdam K
Published: June 2021

Efter alt hvad der foreligger, har Havets Vandstand i en geologisk seet ikke meget fjærn Fortid været højere end nu ved vore Kyster. Allerede Forchhammer var opmærksom paa dette Faktum og opstillede sin bekjendte Hævningstheori med Linien Nissumfjord-Nyborg som Sydgrændse for Hævningen. Som Udgangspunkt benyttede han "de hævede Havstakkes" Højde over "den øverste Tanglinie". F. Johnstrup har i Afhandlingen "Om de geologiske Forhold i den nordligste Del af Vendsyssel" eftervist, at der i den angivne Landsdel forekommer hævede Cardiumlag med en Maximumshøjde af 34-36.
Brøndboringer og artesisk Grundvand i det sydlige Sjælland
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

I den sydlige og den østlige Del af Sjæland er der i Løbet af den sidste Snes Aar foretaget et overordentlig stort Antal Boringer efter Vand. Dette er sket som Følge af, at de øvre Jordlag her for den langt overvejende Del bestaar af Moræneler og kun i meget ringe Omfang indeholder vandførende Lag. For større Vandforbrug er de almindelige, gravede Brønde derfor i talrige Tilfælde bleven utilstrækkelige. Det har været nødvendigt ved Boring at opsøge dybere liggende, mere righoldige vandførende Lag. Saadanne finder man her som Regel ved de kvartære Lags nedre Grænse. De Aflejringer, Istidslagene hviler paa, bestaar mest af Skrivekridt og Limsten samt graa Mergellag (Grønsandsten), hørende henholdsvis til Yngre Senon, Danien (Nyere Kridt) og Paleocæn. De træder kun i Dagen paa Strækningen mellem Kjøge Aa og Faxe Bugt, Øst for Linien: Lellinge, L. Linde, Faxe. Vestligere har man kun haft Lejlighed til at lære Lagenes Beskaffenhed at kende ved Hjælp af Boringer.
De oligocæne Lag i Jærnbanegennemskæringen ved Aarhus Station
Authors: Harder Poul
Published: June 2021

I omtrent et halvt Aarhundrede har det bekendte Findested for Tertiærforsteninger ved Aarhus været utilgængeligt. Forekomsten ligger nemlig i Jærnbanegennemskæringen umiddelbart udenfor Aarhus Station, og efter Banens Anlæggelse i Aarene omkring 1860 beklædtes Skraaningerne i Afgravningen, og der har siden dengang ikke været gravet i dem. Kendskabet til Aarhus-Tertiæret har derfor hidtil alene hvilet paa den Undersøgelse, som under Jærnbanens Bygning foretoges af daværende Adjunkt ved Aarhus Katedralskole Ed. Eerslev. Han har ikke alene Fortjenesten af at have opdaget Forekomsten, men han har tillige fremskaffet et stort Materiale af Forsteninger, som nu opbevares i Mineralogisk Museum. Paa Grundlag af dette kunde O. Mørch i 1873 udtale, at man stod overfor en Aflejring, der svarede til Tertiæret ved Antwerpen og saaledes var af mellemoligocæn Alder, et Resultat, der som bekendt bekræftedes ved v. Koenen’s Bearbejdelse af Materialet i 1886. Endelig skal det nævnes, at J. P. J. Ravn i 1907 har offentliggjort en meget omfattende Undersøgelse af Molluskerne i de forskellige jydske Tertiærlag. I dette Arbejde er adskillige af de tidligere fundne Forsteninger fra Aarhus udførligt omtalte, og der er meddelt, hvad der forelaa af andre Oplysninger om den i sin Tid foretagne Undersøgelse. For en fornyet Undersøgelse af Aarhus-Forekomsten har Afhandlingen tillige stor Betydning ved dens talrige Oplysninger om andre jydske Tertiærlokaliteter og deres Forsteninger.
Scandinavian Indicator-Boulders in the Quaternary Deposits. Extension and Distribution
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

By the word »Indicator-boulder« is meant the stones in the Quaternary layers the characteristics of which are so peculiar and distinct that it can he determined exactly from what spot or rather limited area of the region once covered by the ice they came. Knowledge of the fact that loose stones were to be found outside Scandinavia which bore a resemblance to the permanent rocks in Scandinavia had already been obtained long before any clear conception could be form ed of the significance of this resemblance. It was only gradually as the theory on the Scandinavian inland ice advanced that a clear understanding on the matter was arrived at.
Eocene insects from Denmark
Authors: Henriksen Kai L
Published: June 2021

The insect material from the Eocene deposits of Denmark which I have had for examination, and which will be treated on the following pages , comprises - to the best of my knowledge - all insect finds procured from the Eocene deposits of Denmark. All the finds originate from the lower Eocene Diatom-earth bed occupying a limited territory round the western part of Limfjorden in northern Jutland. With a single exception (Rhamphidia sp . which has been found in » Moler « (Diatom-earth proper) the rock from which all the finds have been produced is the hard, chalky »Cementsten « (cement-stone) 1 ) in which the impressions keep better than in the soft, loose Diatom-earth. Only few insects have been previously mentioned in the literature as originating from the Eocene deposits of Denmark, and then only in a few phrases or remarks.
Die Foraminiferen und Ostracoden des Palaeocäns von Rugaard in Jütland und Sundkrogen bei Kopenhagen
Authors: Franke A
Published: June 2021

Die Fauna des dänischen Palaeocäns ist seit dem Erscheinen von Koenens grundlegender Arbeit 1885: “Über eine Palaeocäne Fauna von Kopenhagen” besonders durch die Auffindungen neuer Fundpunkte, wie Rugaard in Jütland und Sundkrogen bei Kopenhagen, die von den Herren Karl A. Grönwall und Alfred Rosenkrantz und neuerdings Herrn Poul Harder eingehend bearbeitet wurden, bekannt geworden. Mehrfach ist in den Schriften auf das Vorkommen von Foraminiferen hingewie en worden. Es war für mich eine grosse Freude, als mir durch das gütige Entgegenkommen des Herrn Direktors Victor Madsen von der geologischen Landesanstalt in Kopenhagen und des Herrn Ingeniör Alfred Rosenkrantz sowohl das Foraminiferen-Material der Dänischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, als auch des Mineralogischen u. Geologischen Museums in Kopenhagen zur Untersuchung anvertraut wurde, und ich spreche den Herren meinen verbindlichsten Dank aus. Das Material stammt von den bereits erwähnten Fundorten Rugaard und Sundkrogen und weist eine ausgezeichnete Erhaltung und grossen Reichtum an Arten auf.
Kvartæret i Røgle Klint ved Lillebelt
Authors: Madsen Victor , Nordmann V
Published: June 2021

Naar man fra Strib følger Lillehelts Kyst mod Øst, kommer man først forbi en tilskreden og bevokset Klint, som hovedsagelig bestaar af Sand; derefter passerer man Røgle Mose, der er afspærret fra Havet ved en anselig Strandvold, dækket af Flyvesand, og man naar nu en Række Klinter, som følger Kysten paa den lille Halvø, der danner den nordvestligste Del af Fyn; de strækker sig ind i Baaring Vig til Fedet ud for Møllemade. Adskillige Steder staar disse Klinter saa rene, at deres Bygning ret nøje lader sig udforske. Paa den første Strækning, paa en Længde af lidt over 2 Kilometer, er de udelukkende dannede af kvartære Aflejringer. Derefter bestaar de for en stor Del af det eocæne Plastiske Ler. I dette Arbejde skal kun omhandles den første Klintstrækning fra Røgle Mose til den vestligste Forekomst af det Plastiske Ler i den saakaldte "Glimmerlerkløft". Denne Klintstrækning benævnes i denne Afhandling "Røgle Klint".