bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„March for Sozialgeographie“? Rechtspopulismus als Zumutung und die regressive Moderne als Herausforderung der Humangeographie
Authors: Oßenbrügge Jürgen
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The paper outlines an approach to right wing populism in recent years not
only in critizing the use of so called alternative facts but using the
concept of a regressive modernisation as a debate which includes populist
movements into a broader social theory and diagnosis of western societies.
The evolution of regressive modernisation reveals both, the success of a
neoliberal globalization and a rise of marginality and perceived dangers of a
downward mobility. These findings are used in order to explain certain
transformations of academic fields in general and social geography in
particular. It is argued that the success of postmodern geographies may be
seen as an overcoming of hegemonic discourses of positivism as well as of
marxism, but was and is unable to counteract geographies of recent right wing
populism. Even the positions of the „march for science“ which has
been a major initiative to fight for academic integrity are seen as not being
sufficient to rebuilt an „antipopulist“ social geography. This
situation leads to some suggestions and recommendation for further work in
this field.
Accounting for Carbon and Nitrogen interactions in the Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ORCHIDEE (trunk version, rev 4999): multi-scale evaluation of gross primary production
Authors: Vuichard Nicolas , Messina Palmira , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Guenet Bertrand , Zaehle Sönke , Ghattas Josefine , Bastrikov Vladislav , Peylin Philippe
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Nitrogen is an essential element controlling ecosystem carbon (C) productivity and its response to climate change and atmospheric [CO2] increase. This study presents the evaluation – focussing on gross primary production (GPP) – of a new version of the ORCHIDEE model that gathers the representation of the nitrogen cycle and of its interactions with the carbon cycle from the OCN model and the most recent developments from the ORCHIDEE trunk version. We quantify the model skills at 78 Fluxnet sites by simulating the observed mean seasonal cycle, daily mean flux variations, and annual mean average GPP flux for grasslands and forests. Accounting for carbon-nitrogen interactions does not substantially change the main skills of ORCHIDEE, except for the site-to-site annual mean GPP variations, for which the version with carbon-nitrogen interactions is in better agreement to observations. However, the simulated GPP response to idealized [CO2] enrichment simulations is highly sensitive to whether or not carbon-nitrogen interactions are accounted for. Doubling of the atmospheric [CO2] induces an increase of the GPP, but the site-averaged GPP response to CO2 increase projected by the model version with carbon-nitrogen interactions is half of the increase projected by the version without carbon-nitrogen interactions. This model's differentiated response has important consequences for the transpiration rate, which is on average 50 mm yr−1 lower with the version with carbon-nitrogen interactions. Simulated annual GPP for northern, tropical and southern latitudes shows good agreement with the observation-based MTE-GPP product for present-day conditions. An attribution experiment making use of this new version of ORCHIDEE for the time period 1860–2016 suggests that global GPP has increased by 50 %, the main driver being the enrichment of land in reactive nitrogen (through deposition and fertilization), followed by the [CO2] increase. Based on our factorial experiment and sensitivity analysis, we conclude that if carbon-nitrogen interactions are accounted for, the functional responses of ORCHIDEE r4999 better agrees with current understanding of photosynthesis than when the carbon-nitrogen interactions are not accounted for, and that carbon-nitrogen interactions are essential in understanding global terrestrial ecosystem productivity.
Risk zoning of typhoon disasters in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Lu Yi , Ren Fumin , Zhu Weijun
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In this paper, typhoon simply means tropical cyclone. As risk is future
probability of hazard events, when estimated future probability is the same as
historical probability for a specific period, we can understand risk by
learning from past events. Based on precipitation and wind data over the
mainland of China during 1980–2014 and disaster and social data at the
county level in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2012, a study on risk zoning
of typhoon disasters (typhoon disasters in this paper refer to affected
population or direct economic losses caused by typhoons in Zhejiang Province)
is carried out. Firstly, characteristics of typhoon disasters and factors
causing typhoon disasters are analyzed. Secondly, an intensity index of
factors causing typhoon disasters and a population vulnerability index are
developed. Thirdly, combining the two indexes, a comprehensive risk index for
typhoon disasters is obtained and used to zone areas of risk. The above
analyses show that southeastern Zhejiang is the area most affected by
typhoon disasters. The annual probability of the occurrence of typhoon
rainstorms >50 mm decreases from the southeast coast to inland
areas, with a maximum in the boundary region between Fujian and Zhejiang,
which has the highest risk of rainstorms. Southeastern Zhejiang and the
boundary region between Zhejiang and Fujian provinces and the Hangzhou Bay
area are most frequently affected by extreme typhoon winds and have the
highest risk of wind damage. The population of southwestern Zhejiang is the
most vulnerable to typhoons as a result of the relatively undeveloped
economy, mountainous terrain and the high risk of geological disasters in
this region. Vulnerability is lower in the cities due to better disaster
prevention and reduction strategies and a more highly educated population.
The southeast coastal areas face the highest risk of typhoon disasters,
especially in the boundary region between Taizhou and Wenzhou cities.
Although the inland mountainous areas are not directly affected by typhoons,
they are in the medium-risk category for vulnerability.
Quantification of extremal dependence in spatial natural hazard footprints: independence of windstorm gust speeds and its impact on aggregate losses
Authors: Dawkins Laura C. , Stephenson David B.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Natural hazards, such as European windstorms, have widespread
effects that result in insured losses at multiple locations throughout a
continent. Multivariate extreme-value statistical models for such
environmental phenomena must therefore accommodate very high dimensional
spatial data, as well as correctly representing dependence in the extremes to
ensure accurate estimation of these losses. Ideally one would employ a
flexible model, able to characterise all forms of extremal dependence.
However, such models are restricted to a few dozen dimensions, hence an a
priori diagnostic approach must be used to identify the dominant form of
extremal dependence. Here, we present various approaches for exploring the dominant extremal
dependence class in very high dimensional spatial hazard fields: tail
dependency measures, copula fits, and conceptual loss distributions. These
approaches are illustrated by application to a data set of high-dimensional
historical European windstorm footprints (6103 spatial maps of 3-day maximum
gust speeds at 14 872 locations). We find there is little evidence of
asymptotic extremal dependency in windstorm footprints. Furthermore,
empirical extremal properties and conceptual losses are shown to be well
reproduced using Gaussian copulas but not by extremally dependent models such
as Gumbel copulas. It is conjectured that the lack of asymptotic dependence
is a generic property of turbulent flows. These results open up the
possibility of using geostatistical Gaussian process models for fast
simulation of windstorm hazard fields.
A 3-year time series of volatile organic iodocarbons in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia: a northwestern Atlantic fjord
Authors: Shi Qiang , Wallace Douglas
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We report weekly observations of volatile organic iodocarbons
(CH3I, CH2ClI and CH2I2) over the
time period May 2015 to December 2017 from four depths in Bedford Basin, a
coastal fjord (70 m deep) on the Atlantic coast of Canada. The fjord is
subject to wintertime mixing, seasonal stratification and bloom dynamics,
subsurface oxygen depletion, local input of freshwater, and occasional
intrusions of higher-density water from the adjacent continental shelf.
Near-surface concentrations showed strong seasonal and sub-seasonal
variability, which is compared with other coastal time series. The vertical
variation of CH2I2 and CH2ClI within the upper 10 m is
consistent with rapid photolysis of CH2I2. Average annual
sea-to-air fluxes (46.7 nmol m−2 day−1) of total volatile
organic iodine were similar to those observed in other coastal and shelf
time series, and polyiodinated compounds contributed 80 % of the total flux.
Fluxes were subject to strong interannual variability (a factor of 2)
mainly due to wind speed variability. Near-surface net production of
CH3I averaged 1 pmol L−1 day−1 and was similar to
rates in the English Channel but an order of magnitude higher than in shallow
waters of the Kiel Fjord, Germany, possibly due to higher microbial
degradation in the latter. The near-bottom (60 m) time series showed
evidence of CH3I production associated with organic matter
degradation and a possible “switch” from the production of CH3I via
an alkylation pathway to the production of CH2I2 by a haloform-type
reaction. Near-bottom CH3I production varied strongly between years
but was generally ca. 20 times lower than near-surface production.
Interannual sea ice thickness variability in the Bay of Bothnia
Authors: Ronkainen Iina , Lehtiranta Jonni , Lensu Mikko , Rinne Eero , Haapala Jari , Haas Christian
Published: November 2018

Abstract. While variations of Baltic Sea ice extent and thickness have been
extensively studied, there is little information about drift ice thickness,
distribution, and its variability. In our study, we quantify the interannual
variability of sea ice thickness in the Bay of Bothnia during the years
2003–2016. We use various different data sets: official ice charts, drilling
data from the regular monitoring stations in the coastal fast ice zone, and
helicopter and shipborne electromagnetic soundings. We analyze the different
data sets and compare them to each other to characterize the interannual
variability, to discuss the ratio of level and deformed ice, and to derive
ice thickness distributions in the drift ice zone. In the fast ice zone the
average ice thickness is 0.58±0.13 m. Deformed ice increases the
variability of ice conditions in the drift ice zone, where the average ice
thickness is 0.92±0.33 m. On average, the fraction of deformed ice is
50 % to 70 % of the total volume. In heavily ridged ice regions near the
coast, mean ice thickness is approximately half a meter thicker than that of
pure thermodynamically grown fast ice. Drift ice exhibits larger interannual
variability than fast ice.
Repeat mapping of snow depth across an alpine catchment with RPAS photogrammetry
Authors: Redpath Todd A. N. , Sirguey Pascal , Cullen Nicolas J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Being dynamic in time and space, seasonal snow represents a difficult target
for ongoing in situ measurement and characterisation. Improved understanding
and modelling of the seasonal snowpack requires mapping snow depth at fine
spatial resolution. The potential of remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS)
photogrammetry to resolve spatial variability of snow depth is evaluated
within an alpine catchment of the Pisa Range, New Zealand. Digital surface
models (DSMs) at 0.15 m spatial resolution in autumn (snow-free reference)
winter (2 August 2016) and spring (10 September 2016) allowed mapping of snow
depth via DSM differencing. The consistency and accuracy of the RPAS-derived
surface was assessed by the propagation of check point residuals from the
aero-triangulation of constituent DSMs and via comparison of snow-free
regions of the spring and autumn DSMs. The accuracy of RPAS-derived snow
depth was validated with in situ snow probe measurements. Results for
snow-free areas between DSMs acquired in autumn and spring demonstrate
repeatability yet also reveal that elevation errors follow a distribution
that substantially departs from a normal distribution, symptomatic of the
influence of DSM co-registration and terrain characteristics on vertical
uncertainty. Error propagation saw snow depth mapped with an accuracy of ±0.08 m (90 % c.l.). This is lower than the characterization of
uncertainties on snow-free areas (±0.14 m). Comparisons between RPAS
and in situ snow depth measurements confirm this level of performance of RPAS
photogrammetry while also highlighting the influence of vegetation on snow
depth uncertainty and bias. Semi-variogram analysis revealed that the RPAS
outperformed systematic in situ measurements in resolving fine-scale spatial
variability. Despite limitations accompanying RPAS photogrammetry, which are
relevant to similar applications of surface and volume change analysis, this
study demonstrates a repeatable means of accurately mapping snow depth for an
entire, yet relatively small, hydrological catchment (∼0.4 km2) at very high resolution. Resolving snowpack features
associated with redistribution and preferential accumulation and ablation,
snow depth maps provide geostatistically robust insights into seasonal snow
processes, with unprecedented detail. Such data will enhance understanding of
physical processes controlling spatial distributions of seasonal snow and
their relative importance on varying spatial and temporal scales.
Sharing by proxy: Invisible users in the sharing economy
Authors: Newlands Gemma , Lutz Christoph , Hoffmann Christian Pieter
Published: November 2018

With the future of work increasingly data-driven, platforms automate decisions based on the collection of vast quantities of user data. However, non-users constitute a challenge as they provide little to no data for either platforms or other users. We focus on a category of (non-)users that has not received any attention in research: users-by-proxy. Users-by-proxy make use of sharing services but they are not themselves part of the sharing transaction. Platforms cannot analyze their behavior to tailor services or allocate labor most effectively. Users-by-proxy also have significant implications for trust and reputation mechanisms. In this conceptual contribution, we provide a definition of users-by-proxy as a third category between users and non-users, developing a typology of users-by-proxy based on motives of non-/use. We focus on the ramifications of users-by-proxy for the future of work and their significance for the limits of data-driven decision-making.
Weaponizing the haters: The Last Jedi and the strategic politicization of pop culture through social media manipulation
Authors: Bay Morten
Published: November 2018

Political discourse on social media is seen by many as polarized, vitriolic and permeated by falsehoods and misinformation. Political operators have exploited all of these aspects of the discourse for strategic purposes, most famously during the Russian social media influence campaign during the 2016 presidential election in the United States and current, similar efforts targeting the U.S. elections in 2018 and 2020. The results of the social media study presented in this paper presents evidence that political influence through manipulation of social media discussions is no longer exclusive to political debate but can now also be found in pop culture. Specifically, this study examines a collection of tweets relating to a much-publicized fan dispute over the Star Wars franchise film Episode VII: The Last Jedi. This study finds evidence of deliberate, organized political influence measures disguised as fan arguments. The likely objective of these measures is increasing media coverage of the fandom conflict, thereby adding to and further propagating a narrative of widespread discord and dysfunction in American society. Persuading voters of this narrative remains a strategic goal for the U.S. alt-right movement, as well as the Russian Federation. The results of this study show that among those who address The Last Jedi director Rian Johnson directly on Twitter to express their dissatisfaction, more than half are bots, trolls/sock puppets or political activists using the debate to propagate political messages supporting extreme right-wing causes and the discrimination of gender, race or sexuality. A number of these users appear to be Russian trolls. The paper concludes that while it is only a minority of Twitter accounts that tweet negatively about The Last Jedi, organized attempts at politicizing the pop culture discourse on social media for strategic purposes are significant enough that users should be made aware of these measures, so they can act accordingly.
Communicative functions of emoji sequences on Sina Weibo
Authors: Ge Jing , Herring Susan C.
Published: November 2018

The popular press is currently rife with speculation that emoji are becoming a global, digitally-mediated language. Sequences of emoji that function like verbal utterances potentially lend strong support to this claim. We employ computer-mediated discourse analysis to analyze the pragmatic meanings conveyed through emoji sequences and their rhetorical relations with accompanying text, focusing on posts by social media influencers and their followers on a popular Chinese social media platform. The findings show that the emoji sequences can function pragmatically like verbal utterances and form relations with textual propositions, although their usage differs from textual utterances in several respects. We also observed user innovations that make the sequences more language like, although there is not as yet a fixed grammar of emoji sequences. We characterize this emoji use as an emergent graphical language, with the caveats that it is not yet a fully-formed language and that the Chinese emoji language that is emerging is different from the English variety, and therefore emoji are not a universal language. In order to promote the further development of emoji language(s), we advance recommendations for emoji design grounded in linguistic principles.
Preferência alimentar de uma fêmea e um filhote de Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) em cativeiro
Authors: TESTA CAROLYNE ASSIS EIGENHEER PINKE , Rosa Patrícia Sammarco , De Castro Thiago Ferla Novais , Hippólito Alícia Giolo , Ferro Bárbara Sardelo , Melchert Alessandra
Published: November 2018

Em cativeiro, as dietas para Dasypus novemcinctus, em geral, constituem-se de proteína animal misturadas com frutas, verduras e suplemento vitamínico-mineral. Porém, não há estudos relacionados com a preferência alimentar de tatus em cativeiro. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a preferência alimentar de uma fêmea adulta e de um filhote mantidos em cativeiro, expostos a quatro dietas com origem e porcentagens proteicas diferentes. Desta forma, o experimento foi realizado durante cinco semanas, sendo que as quatro primeiras semanas foi um período de manejo preliminar e a quinta semana foi realizada a coleta dos dados. A preferência alimentar, segundo a frequência de consumo, foi diferente para mãe e filhote, sendo que o filhote apresentou uma maior preferência pela dieta 1 e a mãe procurou igualmente as dietas. Quanto ao consumo, a dieta 1 apresentou maior ingestão. Assim, conclui-se que a preferência alimentar do filhote está em consonância ao requerimento proteico da espécie e a mãe apresentou um comportamento alimentar diverso, relacionado ao seu comportamento de espera de escolha do filhote.
Efeito da granulometria do milho sobre a qualidade do extrusado de dietas para papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva)
Authors: Moreno Tatiane Brandão , Werneck Gabriel Rodrigues , Félix Ananda Portella , Rocha Chayane Da , Merchiori Aline
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos da granulometria do milho sobre a qualidade do extrusado em dietas para papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva). Para tanto, o milho com inclusão de aproximadamente 74%, foi moído em moinho de martelos em peneiras de 0,8; 1,2; 2,6 e 4,2 mm e, as demais matérias-primas foram moídas em peneira com tamanho de furo de 0,8 mm. Em seguida, as dietas foram extrusadas, com um tamanho de extrusado de 4 mm, gerando quatro tratamentos de diferentes granulometrias: 528, 575, 528 e 830,5 μm de diâmetro geométrico médio (DGM). Foram realizadas análises de densidade, tamanho, dureza e porosidade dos extrusados. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Dietas com maiores DGM resultaram em aumento linear (P<0,05) da densidade. As demais variáveis de qualidade do extrusado não foram afetadas pela granulometria do milho (P>0,05). A qualidade dos extrusados é mantida mesmo com moagens mais grosseiras, demonstrando que o DGM do milho interfere na densidade da dieta, mas não influencia no tamanho e na dureza dos extrusados.
Programa Prático de Modelagem de Curvas aplicado a Mazama gouazoubira (Fischer, 1814)
Authors: Carvalho Gabriela De Souza Peres , Freitas Gaby Soares de , Sousa Lucio Oliveira e , Cassiano Rodrigo Pereira , Garcia Neto Manoel , Filardi Rosemeire Da Silva
Published: November 2018

Descrever o crescimento não é tarefa fácil, os processos bioquímicos demandam tempo, pois em sua dinâmica ocorrem mudanças de tamanho, formato e proporções. Pode-se considerar que esse processo, apresenta quatro fases: crescimento exponencial; linear; decrescente; peso estabilizado (adulto). Para justificar os diferentes comportamentos da curva, considera-se limitações nos recursos como: disponibilidade de nutrientes, oxigênio, espaço, exigências de manutenção, inviabilizando que o crescimento se mantenha apenas na primeira fase exponencial (Lawrence e Fowler, 2012; Garcia-Neto, 2018). Os dados foram tabelados no Excel 2010, transferidos para a Programa Prático de Modelagem (PPM) e ajustados pelo modelo matemático de Richards: y = a [1+(b-1) e-c(x-d)]1/(1-b), sendo o input a idade do animal em dias e o output, o peso em kg.Cassiano et al., 2018, descreve que o programa proporciona um conceito fundamental para o estudo do crescimento animal ou qualquer sistema biológico.A idade do animal não nos permite encontrar os pontos F1, Fi e F2 e F3 na curva, porém nota-se que a curva tende a continuar crescente se as condições seguirem favoráveis para tal. Mostra também a aplicabilidade do programa para animais silvestres, tornando possível acompanhar o desenvolvimento do animal, visto que pesquisas com dietas e crescimento de animais silvestres em cativeiro ainda são excassas na literatura.
Dieta do Guaxinim (Procyon cancrivorus) no Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara
Authors: Batista Cíntia Cleub
Published: November 2018

O Guaxinim (Procyon cancrivorus) é um animal de hábito noturno e solitário, pode ser encontrado em mangues, várzeas, praias e matas ciliares, justificando, portanto, seu hábito alimentar onívoro e variado, composto principalmente por crustáceos, peixes, moluscos, frutos e sementes. No entanto, estudos direcionados a dietas de animais cativos ainda são bastante escassos, ocasionando frequentemente a oferta de dietas desbalanceadas e oferecidas em excesso, podendo causar obesidade e distúrbios nutricionais. Dessa forma, o trabalho em questão, objetou reformular a dieta do guaxinim cativo no Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara, de forma que esta atenda as exigências nutricionais da espécie, promovendo uma melhor qualidade nutricional para o animal. A implementação da nova dieta foi feita de maneira gradativa, uma vez que a dieta anterior era composta em sua maioria por frutos e pequenas quantidades de carne bovina e ração para cachorros. Diante da variação de itens consumidos pelas espécies em vida livre, com modificações que dependem do habitat, buscou – se adequar uma dieta que atendesse as exigências da espécie, com melhor índice de aceitação e menor desperdício. Assim, a dieta que obteve melhor aceitação por parte dos animais foi composta por 40% de proteína animal, 50% de frutas e vegetais e 10% de ração para cachorros. Contudo, torna – se necessário ainda a realização de mais estudos a respeito das dietas de animais cativos, uma vez que estas podem variar consideravelmente de acordo com a região, tipo de recinto e comportamento do animal.
Ingestão de nutrientes e consumo voluntário em Red Rumped (Psephotus haematonotus) alimentados com ração comercial e sementes
Authors: Oliveira Julia Caroline , Fernandes Barbara , Moreno Tatiane , Rocha Chayane
Published: November 2018

Devido à falta de informação sobre a ingestão de nutrientes das aves em cativeiro é comum o fornecimento de rações não especificas ou misturas de diversas sementes, podendo ocasinar doenças por deficiência nutricional, uma vez que esses animais comem seletivamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ingestão voluntária e de nutrientes de dietas contendo ração e/ou sementes para periquito Red Rumped. Dessa forma, 21 aves foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três tratamentos com sete repetições cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em: T1- ração extrusada (RE)+ sementes de girassol (G), alpiste (A) e painço (P); T2- RE + A + P e T3- RE. O estudo teve duração de 12 dias, sendo 5 de adaptação e 7 de coleta de dados. Diariamente, foi disponibilizado para as aves 59 g de cada item alimentar e, quantificado as sobras do comedouro e desperdício de alimentos. Foi estimada a ingestão de matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, cálcio e fósforo. Os dados de ingestão voluntária e de nutrientes foram submetidos à ANOVA e suas médias comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey (5%). Verificou-se que as aves que receberam todos os itens alimentares (T1) (19,03 g/dia) ingeriram maior quantidade total de MS (p<0,001) em relação ao T3 (10,26 g/dia). A ingestão de PB e EE foram maiores no T1 (2,85; 3,65 g/dia) quando comparado aos T2 (2,37; 0,59 g/dia) e T3 (1,36; 1,07 g/dia). O consumo mínimo recomendado de Ca foi suprido somente nas aves que receberam apenas ração (T3) (1,07 g/dia) e diferiu dos T1 e T2 (0,05; 0,04 g/dia). A ingestão de energia (110,4 kcal/dia) nas aves do T1 foi superior (p<0,0001) em relação ao T2 (79,97 kcal/dia) e T3 (45,05 kcal/dia).
A Research on the Forming Process of College Students' Academic Misconduct — Based on the Self-analysis of the Completion of College Students' Personal Growth Report
Authors: Liu Jingjing
Published: November 2018

Based on the materials of 63 college students’ self-analysis of their personal growth report —the assignment of the curriculum named college students' mental health education, research from the angle of psychology, pedagogy, sociology analysis of college students in the process of personal growth and the specificity in the process of completing course assignments, construct the model of academic misconduct behavior, further in-depth understanding of the current college students' learning and psychological characteristics, provide theoretical reference to improve and develop college students' psychological health education in the future teaching work.
Bayesian Modeling of Working Memory and Inhibitory Control
Authors: Cepeda-Freyre Héctor A. , Garcia-Aguilar Gregorio , Oliveros-Oliveros J. Jacobo
Published: November 2018

In cognitive science, working memory is a core cognitive ability that might be functionally related to other capacities, such as perceptual processes, inhibitory control, memory and attention processes and executive functions. The mathematical study of working memory has been explored before. However, there is not enough research aiming to study the relationship between working memory and inhibitory control. This is the objective of the present report. Bayesian hypothesis testing is often more robust than traditional p-value null hypothesis testing. Yet, the number of studies using this approach is still limited. A secondary objective of this paper is to contribute to fill that gap, as well as provide an empirical application of Bayesian hypothesis testing using cognitive and behavioral data. A within-subjects design was used to measure working memory function for three types of visual stimuli that varied in the degree of attentional interference they were designed to elicit. Data collected was contrasted with measurements of inhibitory control and analyzed using Bayes’ theorem. Our results provide evidence against the theoretical relationship of working memory and inhibitory control. This outcome is analyzed in light of related cognitive research.
Manufacturing and Sensorial Acceptance of Cereal Bars Enriched with Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Flour
Authors: Concenco Fernanda Izabel Garcia da Rocha , Gonzales Rosane Nunes de Lima , Vizzotto Marcia , Nora Leonardo
Published: November 2018

There is increasing demand from consumers for foods with functional properties. These foods, in addition to presenting adequate nutrient levels, provide beneficial health effects thus helping to prevent numerous diseases. Among the functional foods, the flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), belonging to the family Linaceae, is of great nutritional value. This oleaginous is rich in proteins, lipids, lignans and fibers. Consumers have preference on cereal bars for being practical, healthy and with low calorie density when proper combinations of ingredients are used. This work had as objective the production and sensorial evaluation of cereal bars enriched with flaxseed flour. Two formulations, denominated S.01 and S.02, respectively added with corresponding 5% and 10% flaxseed flour, respectively, were prepared. The physico-chemical analyzes comprised moisture and ash contents. The cereal bars were sensorially evaluated by 50 untrained testers by using the nine-point hedonic scale including attributes of flavor, texture and overall acceptance, besides intention of purchase. The averages from the sensorial evaluation were between 7 and 8, indicating, with purchasing preference of about 90%, which was considered a high acceptance rate.
Organization, Society and Environment
Authors: Aragón Wilson López , Rodriguez Martha Cecilia Sandino , Valencia Heriberto González
Published: November 2018

The research dynamics were focused towards a convenient and relevant thematic description of the advances and new trends in the approach of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) facing the new century.  Two important phenomena were taken into account: the changing context of the corresponding problems, thus, the innovation of responsible answers of the organizations before those changes. It also follows diverse alternatives of organizational participation within CSR, given the numerous references and authors who, in one way or another, focus the enterprise management in order to contribute to basic factors such as the social and the environmental ones.
Fetal alcohol syndrome – a literature review
Authors: Ludwików Katarzyna , Małkiewicz Konrad
Published: November 2018

The fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a syndrome of congenital somatic and neurological defects occurring in children of mothers who drank alcohol during their pregnancy. Both ethanol and its main metabolite, acetic aldehyde cause developmental disorders in the fetus. The full spectrum FAS includes characteristic abnormalities in the structure of the facial skeleton, height and weight deficits as well as damage in the structure and functions of the central nervous system. The FAS is an incurable disorder and the most severe one among developmental disorders resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol. In Poland, according to the estimates of Państwowa Agencja Rozwiązywania Problemów Alkoholowych (PARPA) - the State Agency for Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems, three in a thousand of live births may be affected by the FAS. So far, an alcohol dose that would be safe for the fetus has not been determined and any quantity poses a risk of disturbances in a child’s development. Aim. This paper is aimed at getting to know better the problems of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, presentation of its symptoms and diagnostic methods based on an analysis of available literature. Material and methods. A literature review was conducted based on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Polska Bibliografia Lekarska /Polish Medical Bibliography/, with the use of the key words: FAS, fetal alcohol syndrome, facial abnormalities, prenatal alcohol exposure. For analysis, 35 papers published in the years 1968-2016 in the Polish and English languages were selected. Conclusions. Although for the diagnostics of the fetal alcohol syndrome in Poland a four-digit diagnostic code is applied, the FAS continues to represent a difficult diagnostic challenge and its correct diagnosis requires collaboration of physicians in numerous medical specialties.
E-business challenges in the field of payment solutions - Bitcoin a sustainable currency or gambling
Authors: BINDA Jacek
Published: November 2018

Money is a widely accepted commodity allowing to determine the economic value of purchased goods and services and to make payments. Over the centuries, "money" has been constantly evolving. In recent times, following dynamic development of various forms of e-business, dematerialized money has emerged. However, in constantly changing conditions it is very difficult to grasp the essence of the so called e-money or cryptocurrencies. The paper tries to define Bitcoin, one of the most recognizable cryptocurrencies, and answer the question whether investing in cryptocurrencies is a serious business or a mere gambling. In search for the answers, the author reviews literature on the topic and conducts his own risk analysis based on Value at Risk measure, of selected traditional currencies and Bitcoin. The results of the analysis unambiguously show that investments in Bitcoin are burdened with definitely much higher risk. Furthermore, conclusions of the considerations clearly show that despite growing popularity of cryptocurrencies they do not fulfill the definition of both electronic money or money in general. The paper attempts to discuss selected issues related to Bitcoin cryptocurrencies from the monetary point of view but also with respect to restrictions of Bitcoin as a means of payment, investments in Bitcoin and risk assessment.
Institutional Risk in Child Protection: Perspective of Professionals
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona , Auglytė Vaida
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on institutional risk factors that relate to the ability of child rights professionals to protect maltreated children. The aim of the article is to reveal the structural threats existing in the system of protection of the child’s rights, which create preconditions for the disclosure of institutional risks. Semi-structured qualitative interview method used. Ten interviews with children's rights protection specialists (CRPS) conducted during March-April 2018. According to the content analysis method, it has been established that the family assistance model for child protection is declarative in nature, due to the lack of services that meet the needs of children and families, and poor accessibility and quality, especially in rural areas, and social work orientation into control. The findings highlighted gaps in inter-agency cooperation in the protection of the child, the low level of involvement of health care, in particular – the treatment of paediatric and addictive diseases. In view of the internal field of the childʼs rights services, it has been highlighted that institutional problems are significantly contributing to the institutional risk: CRPS experienced inadequate methodological assistance and training which not corresponding to the problems encountering in everyday practice, lack of human resources, large workloads, low wages, lack of working methods, lack of stress management. In the context of the ongoing reform of the protection of the rights of the child, it is recommended to eliminate institutional risks, to strengthen services for children and families, and to improve inter-agency cooperation in the protection of the child.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21953
Societal and Political Pressure on Child Protection: The Perspective of Child Protection Professionals
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona , Auglytė Vaida
Published: November 2018

Although goals of child protection policy are defined by law and the institutional implementation system is in place, the practical protection of the child is not sufficiently effective. Effective child protection is adversely affected by the so-called social (fear of children being subjected to violence) and institutional risk (high workload, excessive bureaucracy, etc.) that arise in the practical process of child protection. The purpose of this article is to investigate the experiences of the children's rights protection specialists (CRPS) during the process of the social risk management, and to characterise the context of  social, political and mass media pressure on the CRPS, its impacts and solutions in the daily work of CRPS in Lithuania. Article is based on analysis data of 10 semi-structured qualitative interviews with children's rights protection specialist conducted in 2018 March-April. It has been established that controversial policy goals are being addressed in the field of child protection, which oblige CRPS to preserve a child's family and, at the same time, protect the child from domestic violence. In everyday practice, matching these goals poses many challenges. CRPS experiences a negative attitude from the public, mistrust of their work, the issue of their decisions, accusations and pressures through mass media and politicians who influence on a constant workload and stress. CRPS is confronted with extremely difficult situations in its work only rely on informal support from colleagues and individual strategies for coping with stress. Structured CRPS support tools are not implemented. As a result particularly in the context of public cases specialists remain single, accused and without support. Such work environment encourages employees to burn out, emotional overload, insensitivity, and other factors that reduce work efficiency. It is recommended to implement structural stress-strain strategies that would enable all kinds of support to specialists, help them more objectively look at situations and share decision-making responsibilities. It is very important to form socially responsible journalists, since the publication of negative and inaccurate news only undermines confidence of VTAS, undermines their professionalism, complicates the day-to-day work of child protection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21954
Changes of Local Functions and Local Powers in Lithuania 1994–2016
Authors: Burbulytė-Tsiskarishvili Gabrielė , Dvorak Jaroslav , Žernytė Agnė
Published: November 2018

The interconnection of functions and powers at local level in Lithuania during the period of 1994-2016 is analysed in the article. Using the quantitative capacity methodological approach, the authors provide a novel research model based on the analysis of legal documents and statistical data. The analysis of legal documents, mainly the Law on Local Self-Government (1994) and its amendments, reveal the constant growth of local functions since the beginning of the period. However, the substantial part of the state’s delegated functions in the total of the local functions is the first indicator of the ruling influence of state on local government. To prove the limited capacities of local governments the indicators disclosing functional responsibilities and local discretion are calculated. Several trends reveal as the results of these calculations: (i) the steady trend of the deficit of the local budgets, meaning that municipalities have or to increase their debts, or to provide less services, or to provide services of less quality; (ii) the immutably small trend of local expenditures as the part of total general government expenditures and as the part of the GDP, meaning the stagnancy in the growth of functional responsibilities and low level of fiscal decentralization; (iii) the constant trend of significant state’s subsidies, meaning the constrained local discretion. These calculations prove that the increase of functional responsibilities at local level has not been accompanied by the increase of discretion, thus, the main conclusion of the research is that powers of local governments in Lithuania remain constrained despite the increase of functions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21955
The Analysis of Effective Immigrant Integration Policy in Lithuania: Practice and Problems
Authors: Čepeliauskaitė Gabrielė
Published: November 2018

Immigrant integration policy is one of the most important issues in political discourse and is likely to remain so in the future. The article investigates the effectiveness of immigrant integration policy formation in Lithuania. According to  theoretical insights, the general idea of integration includes the national reorganization of social and political areas for the inclusion of new immigrants, when legal, social, cultural and political rights are deliberately expanded for the immigrants in the host country. The analysis of legal documents reveals that the EU-level European Migration Agenda (2015) sets common priorities focusing on highly skilled workers, when at the same time Immigration Policy Guidelines (2008) determines general directions and principles of immigrant integration at the national level. It is necessary to highlight the point that the document does not set a specific goals, objectives, measures or evaluation criteria of immigration policy. The quantitative Eurostat (2016), European Migration Network (2017) and Statistics Lithuania (2004–2017) data analysis showed that among the EU member states Lithuania's attractiveness for immigrants is low and the implementation of immigration policy can not create a counterweight to the aging population and large emigration. In conclusion, the Immigration Policy Guidelines (2008) provided at national level are not sufficiently specific and clear to ensure effective integration of immigrants in Lithuania.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21956
Higher Education Policy in Independent Lithuania (1990–2018): Between Local and Global Public Policy Factors
Authors: Miseliūnaitė Brigita , Vaidelytė Eglė
Published: November 2018

The article analyses the development of Higher Education Policy in independent Lithuania (1990-2018).  The analysis is dwelling on the results of qualitative research conducted in 2018 with a focus on local national and global neoliberal public policy factors that have impact on higher education policy development, as well as Lithuanian education policy issues and it’s funding system. The empirical evidence revealed that higher education policy in Lithuania is highly influenced by global neoliberal public policy, however, the biggest higher education development problems are related to the local political factors: financial resources, political parties, the lack of sustainable higher education strategy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21957
Risks Induced by Lithuanian Housing Policy for the Youth Living in the Private Rental Sector
Authors: Indriliūnaitė Rasa , Žilys Apolonijus
Published: November 2018

Rapid expansion of welfare state model and persistent processes of housing sector commodification are corroding the stable social security net and transforming the structure of housing sector at the same time. The growing private rent sector becomes a desirable option for those households which struggle to acquire housing in private housing sector. Lithuanian private rent sector is a peculiar case because the rent segment is poorly regulated and the practice of informal rent is widely spread. Even the general official framework of Lithuanian housing policy considers private rent sector an economic activity, but not the residential one – the rent is legally treated as just a contract between the renter and the tenant. The study aims at showcasing the situation of Lithuanian youth (18–35 yr.) who rent housing units privately, and their attitudes towards private rent sector. The analysis presents the differences in socio-demographic features and value orientations among young tenants and home-owners. The article describes several profiles of young tenants: they usually live in more compact housing units and are more likely to be single or cohabitate with a partner and without any children. Important feature of Lithuanian private rent sector is a quite short residential period, and the fact that the majority of young tenants have not declared or registered rented housing unit as their primary place of residency. Young tenants are more anxious about their liability to the renter, but not about their rights as the tenants. More than one quarter of young tenants participate in informal housing rent sector, only about half of young tenants have legal contracts with renters. All these features of the private sector allow concluding about the rent sector’s ambivalence or existence of various levels of residential security for young tenants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21958
Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Arora Komal , Riddle Nicole D.
Published: November 2018

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma arising from soft tissues, mainly of the lower extremities, meninges, and orbits. It usually presents during the second to third decades of life, and has a slight predominance in females. Histologically, it has a typical biphasic pattern comprising small cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. It can pose a diagnostic challenge in small biopsy specimens where 1 of the 2 components can be absent. The prognosis is extremely variable; survival varies depending on the location of the tumor.
Hyperhemolysis Syndrome in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Banks Mara , Shikle James
Published: November 2018

Sickle cell disease is a genetic disease commonly affecting people of African, Indian, and Mediterranean descent. Patients with this chronic disease often require lifelong red blood cell transfusions. Formation of alloantibodies and autoantibodies are well-known complications that can arise with multiple transfusions. Another rare, but serious complication associated with transfusion is hyperhemolysis syndrome. The acquisition of new and/or rare alloantibodies can make it more difficult to find compatible blood products for patients with sickle cell disease. Genotyping and national donor registries are useful tools for finding appropriate blood products for these patients. This review will describe the clinical and laboratory findings of sickle cell disease, including hyperhemolysis syndrome. The challenges associated with locating compatible blood for patients with various red blood cell antibodies will be reviewed.
Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma
Authors: Skala Stephanie L. , Hristov Boris , Hristov Alexandra C.
Published: November 2018

Context.—

Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma that is limited to the skin at diagnosis. It has a differential diagnosis that includes systemic/nodal follicular lymphoma secondarily involving the skin; primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type; reactive lymphoid hyperplasia; and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma.

Objective.—

To review the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma; its differential diagnosis; and the evidence that supports use of immunohistochemistry and genetic testing in the diagnosis and prognosis of this entity.

Data Sources.—

Pertinent literature regarding cutaneous B-cell lymphomas is summarized and University of Michigan cases are used to highlight characteristics of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.

Conclusions.—

Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma with distinctive features, although some cases may have elements that overlap with other lymphomas, complicating interpretation.