bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibility of Use of NCC-Reinforced Melamine-Urea- Formaldehyde Adhesive in Plywood Manufacturing
Authors: Kawalerczyk Jakub , Dziurka Dorota , Mirski Radosław , Siuda Joanna , Babicka Marta
Published: July 2021

The possibility of using nanocellulose (NCC) as a filling substance for melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive was investigated for the process of manufacturing plywood. The adhesive mixtures were prepared with various nanocellulose concentrations. The amount of introduced filler had a significant effect on both resin and plywood characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) did not show any major changes between experimental and reference variants. The viscosity of resin increased after the introduction of nanocellulose. The addition of NCC in the amount of 5 g and 10 g per 100 g of solid resin led to an improvement in bonding quality, modulus of elasticity and bending strength. Further increase of NCC concentration caused a deterioration of manufactured plywood properties. In summary, the addition of proper amount of nanocellulose resulted in manufacturing plywood with improved properties.
Redescriptions of Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Errantia: Nereididae) species from worldwide regions
Authors: Villalobos-Guerrero Tulio F. , Kara Jyothi , Idris Izwandy
Published: July 2021

The present study redescribes four species of Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Nereididae de Blainville, 1818) based on their type specimens collected from different worldwide localities: Neanthes chilkaensis (Southern, 1921) from India, N. galetae (Fauchald, 1977) from Panama, N. helenae (Kinberg, 1865) from St Helena Island, and N. mossambica (Day, 1957) from Mozambique. The morphology of the types was re-examined for the first time after the species were originally described, and incorporated the recent improvements in the standards and terminology for describing nereidid features. The arrangement of paragnaths on area VI stood out among the diagnostic features used to distinguish these four species. Neanthes chilkaensis and N. helenae are the unique nereidids bearing p-bar paragnaths on the area VI. Both species are also distinctive as the former species only exhibited p-bar paragnaths on the area VII–VIII and the latter ventrolateral projections on the apodous segment. Further examination revealed that N. nanciae (Day, 1949) from St Helena is a junior synonym of N. helenae. Moreover, N. galetae and N. mossambica are distinguishable from other species also by the development of dorsal cirri, neuropodial postchaetal lobe and ventral ligule, the presence/absence of merged paragnaths on area IV, paired oesophageal caeca, among other features. This study has further contributed to the morphological delimitation of the species in Neanthes as a first step towards revising the genus.
Role of Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping for Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in Small Biopsy and Cytology Specimens
Authors: Chan Alexander , Scarpa Carniello Jose Victor , Gao Qi , Sigler Allison , Baik Jeeyeon , Roshal Mikhail , Lin Oscar
Published: July 2021

Context.—

The diagnosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) traditionally requires surgical tissue biopsy because of the paucity of diagnostic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Diagnosis can be challenging in small core needle and cytologic biopsies, which are increasingly used because of reduced costs and minimal invasiveness. Flow cytometric (FC) identification of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells is possible, but FC test efficacy is not well studied outside of validation settings, especially in small specimens.

Objective.—

To assess the testing efficacy of FC performed on small biopsy and cytology specimens for the diagnosis of CHL.

Design.—

We reviewed 131 patients with CHL and 459 patients without CHL during a 3-year period who underwent a small biopsy procedure, including core biopsy and/or cytology evaluation, with concurrent routine clinical FC testing for CHL, assessing performance of FC in small specimens.

Results.—

Evaluating testing efficacy, sensitivity was 95.4% and specificity was 98.2%, whereas positive and negative predictive values were 92.2% and 99.0%, respectively. Although there were more false-positive results than compared with published validation studies, expert review identified distinct diagnostic pitfalls; awareness of these may improve testing efficacy.

Conclusions.—

Although FC diagnosis of CHL was historically considered unfeasible, our findings in a real-world clinical setting suggest that FC adds diagnostic value to small biopsy evaluation, reducing time to treatment, costs, and invasive excisional procedures.
Investigation the effects of green mortar parameters using analytical methods
Authors: Thanon Dawood , Hani Abdullah
Published: July 2021

The various green mortar mixes have been used in this study using various percentages of waste glass powder (WGP), steel slag (SG) and Micro-silica fume(SF). The different properties of flow, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), compressive and flexural strengths have been tested for such green mortar in the first phase of experimental work. The second phase deals with the regression analysis of such properties. Whereas, the analysis of the results have also been using the integrated AHP and TOPSIS methods for selection the best performance of the green mortar due to the ecological effects of such materials. The results showed that the use of 70%OPC+8%WGP+12%SG+10% SF indicated as the best performance in term of ecological impact compared with other mortar mixes. Also, the regression analysis using the integrated AHP and TOPSIS methods gives an effective strategy for the selection of the best mortar mix.
Using the linear damage summation hypothesis in the fatigue tests analysis of titanium alloy pieces
Authors: Gnatyuk Evgeniya , Skvortsov Arkadiy , Kuleshova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of fatigue tests of titanium alloy, and also describes the use of the hypothesis of linear damage summation when processing the results of fatigue tests. Based on the experiments, the endurance limit of the titanium alloy was determined, which lies in the range from 460 to 480 MPa with the number of cycles from 105 to 108. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the endurance limit of high-strength material, as well as a mathematical measurement of the expected destruction. In this study, empirical methods were used such as indirect observation of the object under study, description, and measurement of technical influences exerted on it by an artificial means, as well as linear regression analysis to establish the relationship between stress and durability. As a result of the experiment, fatigue curves were obtained for various probabilities, which give grounds to conclude that the use of the linear damage summation hypothesis in processing the results of fatigue tests entails a satisfactory practical accuracy of the calculation of endurance limit. This experiment is aimed at improving metal production by studying the quality of titanium alloy test pieces and performing mathematical analysis of possible problems arising in the process of its operational testing.
Interfaces entre interesses privados e públicos na educação escolar: o caso da Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Johann Rafaela Cristina , Malanchen Júlia
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as abordagens que direcionam a Base Nacional Comum Curricular para a Educação Básica – BNCC (BRASIL, 2017 e 2018), verificando em que medida o documento atende aos interesses dos grupos privados. Este trabalho faz uma investigação das condições que motivaram a criação de um currículo que prevê uma padronização no alcance de todo o território nacional. Assim sendo, fundamentamos nosso estudo com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de natureza básica e descritiva, considerando a abordagem conceitual crítica amparada no materialismo histórico-dialético. Ao tecer considerações, compreendendo as particularidades da educação pública, fica claro que a estratégia utilizada pelas elites é a formação do trabalhador com mão de obra barata e adaptável, tendo como foco a proliferação da ideologia e interesses da classe dominante e do acúmulo cada vez maior do capital.
Percepção dos docentes de Atendimento Educacional Especializado acerca da valorização do seu trabalho
Authors: Silva Osni Oliveira Noberto da , Miranda Theresinha Guimarães , Garcia Bordas Miguel Angel
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi conhecer a opinião dos professores de Atendimento Educacional Especializado acerca de como estes enxergam a valorização de seu trabalho pelos diversos indivíduos que permeiam direta ou indiretamente o ambiente escolar. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário com perguntas fechadas, aplicado a 36 docentes de Atendimento Educacional Especializado dos municípios da região do Piemonte da Diamantina, estado da Bahia. De forma resumida, os achados indicam que os docentes de AEE participantes do estudo acreditam que quem mais valoriza o seu trabalho são os seus próprios alunos, seguidos dos familiares desses alunos, dos outros profissionais que, por ventura trabalham na sala de recursos, e o Coordenador(a) pedagógico(a) da escola onde ocorre o atendimento. Entretanto, os mesmos professores creem que os outros alunos que frequentam as salas de aula regular e os seus respectivos professores, além do(a) Diretor(a) da escola, da Secretário(a) de educação e de outros funcionários da escola apenas valorizam em parte o seu trabalho.
Polis: Escalar de la deliberación mediante el mapeo de espacios de opinión de alta dimensión
Authors: Small Christopher
Published: July 2021

Deliberative and participatory approaches to democracy seek to directly include citizens in decision-making and agenda-setting processes. These methods date back to the very foundations of democracy in Athens, where regular citizens shared the burden of governance and deliberated every major issue. However, thinkers at the time rightly believed that these methods could not function beyond the scale of the city-state, or polis. Representative democracy as an innovation improved on the scalability of collective decision making, but in doing so, sacrificed the extent to which regular citizens could participate in deliberation. Modern technology, including advances in computational power, machine learning algorithms, and data visualization techniques, presents a unique opportunity to scale out deliberative processes. Here we describe Polis, an open source web application capable of collecting and synthesizing feedback from people in a scalable and distributed fashion. Polis has shown itself capable of building shared understanding, disincentivizing counterproductive behavior (trolling), and cultivating points of consensus. It has done this in the context of journalistic and academic research, and directly as part of decision-making bodies at local and national levels, directly affecting legislation. These results demonstrate that deliberative processes can be scaled up beyond the constraints of in-person gatherings and small groups.
López Bustos, Francisco L. (Dir.) y Bombillar Sáenz, Francisco Miguel (Coord.) (2018). Régimen jurídico del voluntariado y de la cooperación al desarrollo. Granada: Editorial Comares
Authors: Aviles Hernández Elena
Published: July 2021

La presente reseña lleva a cabo un análisis de la obra "Régimen jurídico del voluntariado y de la cooperación al desarrollo". Para ello, recoge y clarifica las cada vez más diversas vertientes que componen el régimen jurídico del voluntariado y la cooperación al desarrollo. Al mismo tiempo, es también un homenaje póstumo a Rafael Barranco Vela, una de las personalidades más relevantes y pioneras en este campo.
The development of artificial intelligence in Brazil: emphasis on the military sphere and the questions of intellectual property
Authors: Belikova Ksenia Michailovna
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the development of artificial intelligence in Brazil based on the recently adopted act “National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence” of April 2021 with an emphasis on the military sphere through the prism of legislative provisions on intellectual property, potential and needs of the country, as well as real joint projects with its foreign partner Israel in the sphere of procurement and engineering of unmanned aerial vehicles (Harpia, Elbit Hermes 900 and 450, IAI Heron). The relevance of this article is substantiated by timely consideration of the legal perspective of the approaches of Brazil towards the implementation of artificial intelligence, as multiple foreign states aim to implement the adopted strategies in this sphere. The scientific novelty consists in the following positions: artificial intelligence can be implemented in production, public safety and public authority, through ensuring the due level of the development of such crucial components as education and human resources, scientific and technology infrastructure, and business foundation, legal regulation and management, as well as taking into account international experience. At the same time, the technologies underlying artificial intelligence and machine learning – computational models, algorithms of classification, clusterization, educational, and others are not subject to patenting in Brazil (same as in the European Union), although are regarded as inventions for solution of technical issues – as the engineering applications of artificial intelligence.
On the constitutional legal consolidation of the principles of egalitarian education in Russia and Finland
Authors: Riekkinen Mariya
Published: July 2021

This article carries out a comparative legal analysis of the constitutional legal consolidation of the principles of egalitarian education in Russia and Finland. The majority of national education systems represent the so-called hybrid systems, in which egalitarian foundations coexist with certainty elitist elements. First and foremost, it is associated with the need to ensure practical orientation of education for maintaining competitiveness of the countries that are capable of inventing innovative technologies. The achievement of humanistic goals of education remains important. Articulating the problem of whether to allocate budgetary funds to support students with outstanding talent, or rather support those experiencing difficulties with access to education. The object of this research is the legal relations in the area of exercising the right to basic public education. The author’s special contribution consists in articulation of the problem of clarifying the social effectiveness of egalitarian and elitist models of education on the example of legislation of Russia and Finland. Leaning on the conceptual and international legal principles of equality in education, a comparative legal analysis is conducted on the constitutional legal consolidation of equal opportunities in receiving basic public education in Russia and Finland. It is noted that the differences in the structure of education system, mostly egalitarian in Finland and rather elitist in Russia, depend not only on the availability of resources, but also on the political choice of the past, present and oriented towards the future.
Pembiayaan Pasien COVID-19 dan Dampak Keuangan terhadap Rumah Sakit yang Melayani Pasien COVID-19 di Indonesia Analisis Periode Maret 2020 – Desember 2020
Authors: Ambarwati Wiwi
Published: July 2021

Rendahnya kunjungan pasien selama pandemi COVID-19 berakibat turunnya pendapatan rumah sakit secara drastis. Beban rumah sakit yang menangani pasien COVID-19 semakin tinggi dengan adanya keterlambatan pembayaran klaim COVID-19. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kebijakan pembiayaan COVID-19 di rumah sakit, kendala dari pelaksanaan kebijakan, serta dampaknya pada keuangan rumah sakit di Indonesia. Kajian bersifat deskriptif analitik, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran literatur dari jurnal ilmiah, BPJS Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan, Asosiasi Rumah Sakit, maupun seminar ilmiah di media massa daring. Data BPJS per tanggal 28 Januari 2021 menunjukkan total pengajuan klaim COVID-19 oleh rumah sakit sebanyak 433.077, dari hasil verifikasi tercatat sebanyak 266.737 kasus yang sesuai (61,59%) dan dapat diklaim dengan biaya 17,3 triliun,  165.189 kasus dispute (38,14%) dengan biaya 9,7 triliun dan 1.151 kasus tidak sesuai (0,27%). Total klaim yang diajukan sampai Desember 2020 sebesar Rp. 22.9 triliun, jumlah yang sudah dibayarkan Kementerian Kesehatan kepada rumah sakit sebesar Rp. 14.5 triliun (63.3%) dan sisa yang belum dibayarkan sebesar Rp. 8.4 triliun (36,6%). Kendala yang ditemui dalam pembayaran klaim antara lain; pembayaran tidak tepat waktu, tingginya dispute klaim yang disebabkan perbedaan persepsi terhadap regulasi yang berlaku, dokumen klaim rumah sakit yang tidak lengkap, ketidaksiapan perangkat aplikasi dan jumlah verifikator dispute dari Kementerian Kesehatan dalam melakukan proses verifikasi ulang. Penurunan arus kas mengakibatkan terjadinya hambatan operasional rumah sakit, antara lain penurunan kemampuan kewajiban membayar penyedia obat dan alat kesehatan, termasuk pembayaran gaji tenaga kesehatan dan karyawan rumah sakit.
A Study of The Properties of Forming Mixtures Containing Polystyrene Wastes
Authors: Dan Olena , Trofimova Larysa
Published: July 2021

Expanded polystyrene is widely used as a material for packaging, in modern construction as a heat and sound insulation layer, in thermal insulation systems for buildings, as well as tanks and pipelines. It is additionally used in foundry engineering for the production of models which are gasified during the production of castings from ferrous and non-ferrous alloys under the contact with liquid metal. The use of expanded polystyrene products is associated with waste generation, both in production and in consumption. About 40–50 kg/person of polystyrene waste is generated per year. The peculiarity of polymeric wastes is their resistance to aggressive environments. They do not rot and the destruction processes in natural conditions proceed rather slowly, with the formation of harmful substances that poison the environment. Therefore, the problem of the processing of waste from polymeric materials is of great importance, not only from the standpoint of environmental protection, but also due to the fact that in conditions of a shortage of polymer raw materials, this waste becomes a powerful raw material resource. This article describes the prospects for recycling expanded polystyrene wastes in foundry engineering. In this work, the properties of molding and core sands containing a combined binder, consisting of a solution of expanded polystyrene wastes in turpentine and clay were investigated, and their main characteristics (weight during stretching and crumbling) were determined. Molding and core mixtures, which contain only a binder in the form of a solution of expanded polystyrene in turpentine, have a crude strength of not more than 0.01 MPa. The introduction of a mixture of clay in the amount of 2–3% allows a crude strength of the mixture of up to 0.05 MPa to be obtained. After drying, the investigated mixtures containing a solution of expanded polystyrene wastes and clay have a tensile strength of up to 2.1 MPa. Mixtures into which a solution of polystyrene wastes and clay was introduced have an insignificant gas capacity and satisfactory gas permeability.
Price equation captures the role of drug interactions and collateral effects in the evolution of multidrug resistance
Authors: Gjini Erida , Wood Kevin B
Published: July 2021

Bacterial adaptation to antibiotic combinations depends on the joint inhibitory effects of the two drugs (drug interaction [DI]) and how resistance to one drug impacts resistance to the other (collateral effects [CE]). Here we model these evolutionary dynamics on two-dimensional phenotype spaces that leverage scaling relations between the drug-response surfaces of drug-sensitive (ancestral) and drug-resistant (mutant) populations. We show that evolved resistance to the component drugs – and in turn, the adaptation of growth rate – is governed by a Price equation whose covariance terms encode geometric features of both the two-drug-response surface (DI) in ancestral cells and the correlations between resistance levels to those drugs (CE). Within this framework, mean evolutionary trajectories reduce to a type of weighted gradient dynamics, with the drug interaction dictating the shape of the underlying landscape and the collateral effects constraining the motion on those landscapes. We also demonstrate how constraints on available mutational pathways can be incorporated into the framework, adding a third key driver of evolution. Our results clarify the complex relationship between drug interactions and collateral effects in multidrug environments and illustrate how specific dosage combinations can shift the weighting of these two effects, leading to different and temporally explicit selective outcomes.
A role for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) but not arcuate kisspeptin neuron output in male mice
Authors: Vanacker Charlotte , Defazio R Anthony , Sykes Charlene M , Moenter Suzanne M
Published: July 2021

GnRH neurons are the final central neural output regulating fertility. Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (KNDy neurons) are considered the main regulator of GnRH output. GnRH and KNDy neurons are surrounded by astrocytes, which can modulate neuronal activity and communicate over distances. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), synthesized primarily by astrocytes, increases GnRH neuron activity and downstream pituitary release of luteinizing hormone (LH). We hypothesized that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes play a role in regulating GnRH and/or KNDy neuron activity and LH release. We used adeno-associated viruses to target designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to GFAP-expressing cells to activate Gq- or Gi-mediated signaling. Activating Gq signaling in the preoptic area, near GnRH neurons, but not in the arcuate, increases LH release in vivo and GnRH firing in vitro via a mechanism in part dependent upon PGE2. These data suggest that astrocytes can activate GnRH/LH release in a manner independent of KNDy neurons.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of the YABBY gene family in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz)
Authors: Ma Ruifang , Huang Bin , Huang Zhinuo , Zhang Zhijun
Published: July 2021

Background

The YABBY gene family is a family of small zinc finger transcription factors associated with plant morphogenesis, growth, and development. In particular, it is closely related to the development of polarity in the lateral organs of plants. Despite being studied extensively in many plant species, there is little information on genome-wide characterization of this gene family in Moso bamboo.

Methods

In the present study, we identified 16 PeYABBY genes, which were unequally distributed on 11 chromosomes, through genome-wide analysis of high-quality genome sequences of M oso bamboo by bioinformatics tools and biotechnological tools. Gene expression under hormone stress conditions was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments.

Results

Based on peptide sequences and similarity of exon-intron structures, we classified the PeYABBY genes into four subfamilies. Analysis of putative cis-acting elements in promoters of these genes revealed that PeYABBYs contained a large number of hormone-responsive and stress-responsive elements. Expression analysis showed that they were expressed at a high level in Moso bamboo panicles, rhizomes, and leaves. Expression patterns of putative PeYABBY genes in different organs and hormone-treated were analyzed using RNA-seq data, results showed that some PeYABBY genes were responsive to gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA), indicating that they may play an important role in plant hormone responses. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses of YABBY proteins indicated that they may be involved in many developmental processes, particularly high level of enrichment seen in plant leaf development. In summary, our results provide a comprehensive genome-wide study of the YABBY gene family in bamboos, which could be useful for further detailed studies of the function and evolution of the YABBY genes, and to provide a fundamental basis for the study of YABBY in Gramineae for resistance to stress and hormonal stress.
Influenza A virus infection in turkeys induces respiratory and enteric bacterial dysbiosis correlating with cytokine gene expression
Authors: Ngunjiri John M. , Taylor Kara J.M. , Ji Hana , Abundo Michael C. , Ghorbani Amir , KC Mahesh , Lee Chang-Won
Published: July 2021

Turkey respiratory and gut microbiota play important roles in promoting health and production performance. Loss of microbiota homeostasis due to pathogen infection can worsen the disease or predispose the bird to infection by other pathogens. While turkeys are highly susceptible to influenza viruses of different origins, the impact of influenza virus infection on turkey gut and respiratory microbiota has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the relationships between low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus replication, cytokine gene expression, and respiratory and gut microbiota disruption in specific-pathogen-free turkeys. Differential replication of two LPAI H5N2 viruses paralleled the levels of clinical signs and cytokine gene expression. During active virus shedding, there was significant increase of ileal and nasal bacterial contents, which inversely corresponded with bacterial species diversity. Spearman’s correlation tests between bacterial abundance and local viral titers revealed that LPAI virus-induced dysbiosis was strongest in the nasal cavity followed by trachea, and weakest in the gut. Significant correlations were also observed between cytokine gene expression levels and relative abundances of several bacteria in tracheas of infected turkeys. For example, interferon γ/λ and interleukin-6 gene expression levels were correlated positively with Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas abundances, and negatively with Lactobacillus abundance. Overall, our data suggest a potential relationship where bacterial community diversity and enrichment or depletion of several bacterial genera in the gut and respiratory tract are dependent on the level of LPAI virus replication. Further work is needed to establish whether respiratory and enteric dysbiosis in LPAI virus-infected turkeys is a result of host immunological responses or other causes such as changes in nutritional uptake.
Инженер Роберт Рунеберг: между Финляндией и Россией, "Природа"
Authors: Сазонов К.Е.
Published: July 2021

Деятельность инженера Роберта Рунеберга (1846–1919) в конце XIX — начале XX в. во многом способствовала развитию технического прогресса в его родной Финляндии и во всей России. Сферами приложения его таланта были ледоколостроение, авиация, строительство, выставочная деятельность и др. В статье дано описание интересной и напряженной жизни этого выдающегося инженера.
ФЕОДАЛИЗМ КАК ФОРМА ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ВЛАСТИ: ПРИМЕР КАСТИЛИИ И ЛЕОНА XI - СЕРЕДИНЫ XIV ВЕКА, "Средние века"
Authors: Ауров Олег Валентинович
Published: July 2021

Статья содержит обзор результатов исследований (в том числе - предпринятых самим автором), касающийся правомерности использования термина «феодализм» для определения политической системы средневековой Европы на примере Кастилии и Леона XI - середины XIV в. Основное внимание уделяется роли договоров частно-правового характера (особенно - вассальных контрактов) как ключевого элемента политической организации феодального времени, определявший характер политикума Кастилии и Леона XI - середины XIV в. как иерархически организованной системы личных связей.
К ВОПРОСУ О «БАСТАРДНОМ ФЕОДАЛИЗМЕ», "Средние века"
Authors: Праздников Андрей Геннадьевич
Published: July 2021

«Бастардный феодализм» - система патронажно-клиентальных связей, существовавшая в Англии позднего Средневековья, противопоставляемая вассально-сеньориальным отношениям классического феодализма. Актуальным является вопрос о степени распространения данного явления как по вертикали (в различных слоях английского общества), так и по горизонтали (в локальных сообществах). Кроме того, совершенно не изучен вопрос о специфике или универсальности «бастардного феодализма» по сравнению с социальной историей других стран Европы (Францией, Кастилией, Арагоном и др.).
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ФИБРОЗНО-КАВЕРНОЗНОГО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА ЛЕГКИХ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Гиллер Д.Б. , Короев В.В. , Кесаев О.Ш. , Ениленис И.И. , Щербакова Г.В. , Роменко М.А. , Добрин Р.Р. , Фролова О.П.
Published: July 2021

Цель исследования – повышение эффективности хирургического лечения больных с фиброзно-кавернозным туберкулезом (ФКТ) легких за счет разработки современных показаний, тактики, техники лечения и методики послеоперационного ведения. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы истории болезней 872-х пациентов с ФКТ легких. В исследование включены пациенты, проходившие лечение в период с 2011 по 2017 г. в клинике фтизиопульмонологии Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова. По степени радикальности хирургического лечения пациенты были разделены на следующие группы: радикальные, условно-радикальные и паллиативные операции. Результаты. При выписке из стационара непосредственная эффективность радикальных операций составила 100%, условно-радикальных – 96,5%, паллиативных операций – 9,3%. В группе радикально и условно-радикально оперированных в сроки до 30 дней отмечалось 2 (0,1%) случая смерти после 1514 операций, а после всех 1628 операций, включая паллиативные вмешательства, 10 (0,6%) случаев смерти. Эффективность через год после хирургического лечения в группе радикально оперированных составила 100%, условно-радикально оперированных – 99,3% и паллиативно – 47,1%, а через 5 лет – 100%, 96,1% и 34,3% соответственно. Заключение. В современных условиях при использовании малоинвазивной хирургической техники и рекомендуемых нами методик операций хирургическое лечение ФКТ может сопровождаться низким риском послеоперационной летальности и высокой эффективностью в случае своевременно выставленных показаний к радикальному или условно-радикальному хирургическому лечению.
Microbiological Efficacy of Hessian Bag on Leafy Vegetables during Distribution in (Aguleri) Anambra State
Authors: Oramunwa V. O. , Agu H. O. , Ogbo F. C.
Published: July 2021

Vegetables are highly perishable commodities that easily get spoilt or deteriorate during handling along the supply chain from the producer to the final consumer. This study aims to compare the microbiological efficacy of hessian bags and non hessian bags on leafy vegetables (Telfairia occidentalis) Ugu and (Ocimum gratissimum) Nchuanwu leaves using hessian bags and non-hessian bagsduring distribution. Standard procedures on microbial count, isolationof microorganisms, purification of microbial isolates, biochemical identification of isolateswasused to identify the microorganisms present. The microbial load of the leafy vegetables from farmland to consumer increased progressively along the distribution chain. Staphylococcus species were the predominant bacteria in the leafy vegetables from the farmland. Other bacteria found were Pseudomonas, Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli and fungi Penicillium spp, Aspergillus niger, Rhodotorula spp, Fusarium spp, Mucor spp. The study showed that the microbial contents of the vegetables increased across the distribution line from farmland to consumer irrespective of the use of hessian bags.
Efficacy of Trichoderma Fortified Organic Amendments on Fusarium Wilt Suppression, Growth and Yield of Eggplant
Authors: Rao V. Govardhan , Dhutraj D. N. , Navgire K. D. , Apet K. T.
Published: July 2021

Trichoderma harzianum is commonly used as effective biological control agent against phytopathogens especially the soil-borne fungi while some isolates are able to ameliorate plant growth. In the present study, Trichoderma fortified with different organic amendments were evaluated to reduce the pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, diseases of stem and root of eggplant caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, a soil-borne fungal pathogen. Two experiments were set up, one at pot culture and second in the field under natural epiphytotic conditions. Among the nine Trichoderm harzianum fortified amendments tested, neem seed cake recorded significant and superior effect as pre-sowing soil application against Fusarium wilt with respect to seed germination (92.33%), pre-emergence seed rot (7.66%) and post-emergence seedling mortality (15.33%) in pot culture. However, cotton cake recorded least efficacy in all respect. Similar trend observed in wilt incidence under field experiments during autumn 2018 (17.47%) and 2019 (18.60%) with T. harzianum fortified neem cake soil application against Fusarium wilt with mean inhibition of disease incidence (58.43%) and also observed excellent enhancement of mean yield (54.63%). It is observed that organic amendment at higher concentrations further increase the microbial populations and stimulate the microbial activity in soil against Fusarium oxysporum resulted to decrease the pathogen populations. Moreover, yield and yield related attributes increased remarkably due to fortified amendments providing adequate nutrient reservoir to the bioagents thereby enhancing its survival in a hostile environment.
Changes in Fish Consumer Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bandung City
Authors: Rania Nabila Nur , Anna Zuzy , Rizal Achmad , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted in Cicendo District, Bandung City, West Java. To analyze factors that influence changes in fish consumers behaviour and preference before the COVID-19 pandemic. Case study with quantitative and qualitative data analysis was employed and an accidental sampling technique method using 100 respondents. The results showed changes in factors during the COVID-19 pandemic are the system and place of purchase, the frequency of fish consumption, the amount of consumption of fish and products consumed, and the price of fish. Based on binary logistic regression analysis, before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, the Wald test showed that income, education and age variables had an influence on preferences between fresh fish and processed fish. Preferences between fresh freshwater fish and marine fish before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the Wald test shows that employment and income variables have an influence.
Gillnet Selectivity on the Narrow-barred Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) Fishery in Pangandaran Waters
Authors: Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Dewanti Lantun P. , Hamdani Herman , Gigentika Soraya , Cesario Rachmad , Oktavera Caca
Published: July 2021

Analyzing the selectivity of gillnet fishing gear using two different mesh sizes, namely 3.5 and 4 inches. Gillnets of these mesh sizes are commonly used by fishermen in Fish Landing Base (PPI) Cikidang, Pangandaran Regency, West Jawa. A total of 8 fishing trips were conducted at the coastal waters around PPI Cikidang, Pangandaran Regency, West Java from August 2018 to January 2019  using gillnet fishing gear As for each trip, 2-3 times the operation of the tool is carried out. The operation of the fishing gear is carried out with the help of vessels measuring 2-3 Gross Tonnage (GT). The catch obtained was differentiated based on the main catch and bycatch and the amount is calculated for analysis of the proportion of the catch. Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is caught as the main catch, the fork length was measured for analysis of the length frequency distribution and selectivity curves. The operation of gillnets with a mesh size of 3.5 inches obtained a higher proportion of bycatch compared to gillnets with a mesh size of 4 inches. In addition, the length distribution of mackerel caught by gillnets with a mesh size of 3,5 inches is smaller (27-49 cm FL) compared to a mesh size of 4 inches (40-55 cm FL). Based on the distribution of length distribution, gillnets with a mesh size of 3.5 inches are more dominant in catching mackerel in a smaller size class interval than gillnets with a mesh size of 4 inches. Meanwhile, based on the selectivity curve for the length of mackerel with a 50% chance of being caught, it shows that gillnets with a mesh size of 3.5 or 4 inches are selective in catching mackerel, this is because the chances of catching fish at more than L50 are high.
A Novel Method for Measuring Myocardial Performance Index using Non-contact Ballistocardiogram System
Authors: Nishanth K. R. , Singh Aashit , Parchani Gaurav , Kumar Gulshan , Saran Vibhor , Manjunath Cholenahally , Padmanabhan Deepak
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim was to validate the Systolic Time Intervals (STI) measured by Ballistocardiography (BCG) with STI derived from simultaneously performed Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) and attempt to create an AI algorithm that automatically calculates Tei Index from BCG tracings.

Study design:  Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology and Department of Electrophysiology of Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences & Research, Bangalore, India, between January 2020 and January 2021.

Methodology: Two hundred seventy-four patients with clinically indicated TTE were enrolled in the study, average age was 52. Simultaneous recordings on BCG and TTE were done. 150 patients had clinically usable TTE images for accurate calculations. STI was calculated independently by operators experienced in TTE and BCG. Results were compared using Pearson’s R. A proprietary AI algorithm for automatically calculating the MPI, was trained over a subset of patients. Its accuracy in detecting STI was compared to that of TTE and manually calculated STI from BCG.

Results: There was a strong positive correlation (r=0.766, P<0.00, 99%CI [0.691,0.824]) between the TTE and BCG derived MPI values. The result was validated over predetermined subgroups of subjects with reduced EF (EF<50) and subjects with normal EF (EF>=50). The AI algorithm had correlation of 0.54(p<0.01) with the MPI calculated by TTE and 0.34(P<0.10) with the manually calculated MPI on the BCG.

Conclusion: BCG derived manual and automated MPI correlates well with TTE derived MPI in a variety of EF fraction subgroups. Automated calculation algorithms for MPI derived from BCG remain a work under progress.
How Agroecology is an Alternative to Avoiding the "Hunger Pandemic" and Climate Change?
Authors: Jules Mitashi K.
Published: July 2021

The crisis plaguing the world has weakened the globalization that has been underway for several decades. Trade, movement of goods and people are affected. Food security is threatened. Consequently, the recourse to a production-consumption policy which underpins the viability of ecosystems and human societies is more imperative than ever. Based on its potential, agroecology is proving to be an alternative since it is in many ways an expression of the population mainly made up of non-executives in society.
Possible Antioxidant and Haematinic Properties of the Stem Bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar Rats
Authors: Oluwatayo B. O. , Kolawole T. A. , Wali C. C. , Olayanju O. A. , Okwori A. E. J.
Published: July 2021

Background: This study investigated the potential antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar rats.

Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 126 g – 224 g were grouped randomly into 4groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received water while groups 2, 3 and 4 rats were given 1000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg b.wt of the extract respectively for 28days. On the 29th day, the rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for analysis of some haematological parameters, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidant activities.

Results: The results obtained showed that there was significant increase (p<0.001) in SOD, Catalase activities and MDA levels in a dose dependent manner. The results also showed significant increase (p<0.001) in RBC Group 2, 3 and 4 rats when compared to the Group1. Significant increase was also observed in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) level in group 2 and 3 rats (p<0.001). Mean corpuscular volume was significantly increased in group 2 rats (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The findings from this study showed the antioxidant and hematinic potentials of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L.The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. has a potential antioxidative and hematinic effects in Wistar rats. This is largely due to its rich phytochemical and nutritive contents. Further research work will be needed to see the possible application of these properties in humans.
Factors Associated with Utilization of Donor Funds in Somali Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Mumin Ali Ahmed , Oladeji Olusola , Yohannes Abenet
Published: July 2021

Aims: Donor funds play a critical role in the provision of social services and development process in developing countries, however poor utilization of the donor funds has been reported as a major barrier to achieving this. The study investigated the factors that influence the use of donor funds.

Study design: This was a cross-sectional survey using quantitative method. 

Place and duration of study: Jijiga Town of Somali Region between June   and July 2020.

Methodology: Descriptive analysis was done using Relative Importance Index (RII) and Inferential statistics was conducted using correlation analysis and Pearson’s coefficient was performed to examine the effects of the four independent variables (Financial management practice, Human resource capabilities, stakeholder’s participation in planning, coordination and communication and Monitoring and Evaluation) and utilization of the donor- funded projects.

Results: The study found lower utilization rate of donor funds across all the sectors in the region compared to domestic funds with utilization rate for domestic resources ranged from 93%-100% compared with 43% utilization rate for donor funds. All the four predictor variables show positive correlation with utilization of donor funds, p value less than 0.01. Monitoring and Evaluation has the highest correlation, r=0.754, n=79, p=0.0003) followed by Stakeholder Participation, r=0.695, n=79, p=0.0005), Human Resource Capabilities r=0.654, n=79, p=0.0004) and Financial Management Practice with r=0.634, n=79, p=0.0005).

Conclusion: The study reaffirmed the poor utilization of donor-funds in most developing countries and the associated factors which are major barriers to socio-economic development and will contribute to knowledge management in the region and help all stakeholders in improving utilization of donor funds.
Assessment of Common Mental Health Problems among General Population
Authors: Meshram Dharti , Kasturkar Pooja
Published: July 2021

Background: Around 7.3 per cent of the global disease burden was due to mental and behavioral problem. The majority of the load is correlated with unipolar depressive condition and certain conditions of mental health, including depression, anxiety, eating disorder, and substance use. Roughly 450 million persons are currently suffering from these disorders, and It is assessed that at some stage in their lifetime, one-four individuals in the world will be affected by mental health conditions. Mental health condition rank among the world's principal reasons of illness or impairment. Persons with most depressing condition or schizophrenia were 40 to 60 per cent more likely than the general population to die prematurely.

Aim: To identify common mental health problems among general population.

Objective: This study is planned with the objective. 1. To assess common mental health problems among general population. 2. To compare the common mental health problems among rural and urban general population. 3. To associate common mental problems, score among general population with their demographic variables.

Methodology: lt is community based cross-sectional study. Sample will be general population i.e., Male and Female of Nalwadi, Arvi Naka wardha city will be involved in this study. Sample will be selected for study as per inclusion criteria and sampling technique will be N on-Probability y convenient sampling technique. Data will be collected by demographic variables of participants Global mental health assessment Marathi tool will be distributed for assessing mental health problem need 20 min for each participant.

Conclusion: The conclusion will e drawn from the statistical analysis.
Study the Effect of Ipomea carnea Jacq. Patra swarasa (Leaves Juice) in Treatment of Indralupta (Alopecia Areata): A Pilot Study
Authors: Umate Prashant R. , Khobragade Pramod D. , Deshmukh Saurabh , Wairagade Sonali , Kalambe Minal , Muley Sonal
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hair and skin disease create negative impact on individuals. Although such diseases doesn’t have any life threatening effects like systemic diseases still have much more importance as the cosmetic issue concern. Indralupta is a rare entity found in both male, and female at any age which can be correlated with Alopecia areata. There are many treatment modalities are available for the Indralupta (Alopecia areata) but application of leaf juice of Ipomoea carnia is simple and cost effective treatment.

Aim &Objective: Study the effect of Ipomea carnea Jacq. patra swarasa (leaves juice) in management of Indralupta (Alopecia Areata). To study the adverse effects of Ipomea carnia leaf juice local application if noted during study.

Methodology: Fresh leaf juice will be extracted from clean leaf of Ipomea carnia and apply over the spot where hairs are lost for 15 days at morning before bath. 10 objects will be selected from kaychikitsa OPD randomly and consider for study after their willingness and consent. Outcomes will be assessed with the help of different criteria according to hair texture, Hair fall and scalp area examination.

Result: Result will be observed according to criteria and Wilcoxon signed rank test will be a applied.

Conclusion: Ipomea carnea will be effective in Indralupta(Alopecia areata).
Comprehensive analysis of BTN3A1 in cancers: mining of omics data and validation in patient samples and cellular models
Authors: Liang Fan , Zhang Chen , Guo Hua , Gao San‐Hui , Yang Fu‐Ying , Zhou Guang‐Biao , Wang Gui‐Zhen
Published: July 2021

Butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1), a major histocompatibility complex‐associated gene that encodes a membrane protein with two extracellular immunoglobulin domains and an intracellular B30.2 domain, is critical in T‐cell activation and adaptive immune response. Here, the expression of BTN3A1 in cancers was analyzed in eight databases comprising 86 733 patients of 33 cancers, and the findings were validated in patient samples and cell models. We showed that BTN3A1 was expressed in most cancers, and its expression level was strongly correlated with clinical outcome of 13 cancers. Mutations of BTN3A1 were detected, and the mutations were distributed throughout the entire gene. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that BTN3A1 co‐expression genes and interacting proteins were enriched in immune regulation‐related pathways. BTN3A1 was associated with tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and was co‐expressed with multiple immune checkpoints in patients with breast cancer (BRCA) and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We reported that BTN3A1 was downregulated in 46 of 65 (70.8%) NSCLCs, and its expression level was inversely associated with clinical outcome of the patients. BTN3A1 in tumor samples was lower than in counterpart normal tissues in 31 of 38 (81.6%) BRCAs. Bioinformatics analyses showed that BTN3A1 could be a target gene of transcription factor Spi‐1 proto‐oncogene (SPI1), and our ‘wet’ experiments showed that ectopic expression of SPI1 upregulated, whereas silencing of SPI1 downregulated, BTN3A1 expression in cells. These results suggest that BTN3A1 may function as a tumor suppressor and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in NSCLCs and BRCAs.