bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal program evaluation of an inter-institutional mentorship network for pediatric rheumatology using a quality improvement framework
Authors: Hayward Kristen , Grom Alexi , Muscal Eyal , Nigrovic Peter A. , Rouster-Stevens Kelly A. , Ardalan Kaveh , Hiraki Linda , Moorthy L. Nandini ,   for the A. C. R./CARRA Mentoring Interest Group
Published: July 2024

Background

The American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Mentoring Interest Group (AMIGO) is an inter-institutional mentorship program launched to target mentorship gaps within pediatric rheumatology. Initial program evaluation indicated increased mentorship access. Given the small size of the pediatric rheumatology workforce, maintaining a consistent supply of mentors was a potential threat to the longevity of the network. Our aims were to: (i) describe the sustainability of AMIGO over the period 2011–2018, (ii) highlight ongoing benefits to participants, and (iii) describe challenges in the maintenance of a mentorship network.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach centered on a quality improvement framework was used to report on process and outcomes measures associated with AMIGO annual cycles.

Results

US and Canada Pediatric rheumatology workforce surveys identified 504 possible participants during the time period. As of fall 2018, 331 unique individuals had participated in AMIGO as a mentee, mentor or both for a program response rate of 66% (331/504). Survey of mentees indicated high satisfaction with impact on general career development, research/scholarship and work-life balance. Mentors indicated increased sense of connection to the community and satisfaction with helping mentees despite limited perceived benefit to their academic portfolios. Based on AMIGO’s success, a counterpart program for adult rheumatology, Creating Adult Rheumatology Mentorship in Academia (CARMA), was launched in 2018.

Conclusions

Despite the challenges of a limited workforce, AMIGO continues to provide consistent access to mentorship opportunities for the pediatric rheumatology community. This experience can inform approaches to mentorship gaps in other academic subspecialties.
Real world community-based HIV Rapid Start Antiretroviral with B/F/TAF versus prior models of antiretroviral therapy start – the RoCHaCHa study, a pilot study
Authors: Valenti William , Scutaru Jacob , Mancenido Michael , Zuppelli Ashley , Danforth Alexandra , Corales Roberto , Hilliard Shealynn
Published: July 2024

Background

The rapid start of antiretroviral therapy (RSA) model initiates antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after a new or preliminary diagnosis of HIV, in advance of HIV-1 RNA and other baseline laboratory testing. This observational study aims to determine if RSA with a single tablet regimen of bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) is an effective regimen for achieving viral suppression and accepted by patients at the time of diagnosis.

Methods

Adults newly or preliminarily diagnosed with HIV were enrolled from October 2018 through September 2021. Real world advantage, measured in days between clinical milestones and time to virologic suppression, associated with B/F/TAF RSA was compared to historical controls.

Results

All Study RSA participants (n = 45) accepted treatment at their first visit and 43(95.6%) achieved virologic suppression by week 48. Study RSA participants had a significantly shorter time (median 32 days) from diagnosis to ART initiation and virologic suppression, in comparison to historical controls (median 181 days) (n = 42). Qualitative feedback from study RSA participants showed high acceptance positive response to RSA.

Conclusions

RSA is feasible and well accepted by patients in a real-world community-based clinic setting. Promoting RSA in community-based clinics is an important tool in ending the HIV epidemic.
A rare partnership: patient community and industry collaboration to shape the impact of real-world evidence on the rare disease ecosystem
Authors: Klein T. L. , Bender J. , Bolton S. , Collin-Histed T. , Daher A. , De Baere L. , Dong D. , Hopkin J. , Johnson J. , Lai T. , Pavlou M. , Schaller T. , Žnidar I.
Published: July 2024

People with rare lysosomal storage diseases face challenges in their care that arise from disease complexity and heterogeneity, compounded by many healthcare professionals being unfamiliar with these diseases. These challenges can result in long diagnostic journeys and inadequate care. Over 30 years ago, the Rare Disease Registries for Gaucher, Fabry, Mucopolysaccharidosis type I and Pompe diseases were established to address knowledge gaps in disease natural history, clinical manifestations of disease and treatment outcomes. Evidence generated from the real-world data collected in these registries supports multiple stakeholders, including patients, healthcare providers, drug developers, researchers and regulators. To maximise the impact of real-world evidence from these registries, engagement and collaboration with the patient communities is essential. To this end, the Rare Disease Registries Patient Council was established in 2019 as a partnership between the Rare Disease Registries and global and local patient advocacy groups to share perspectives on how registry data are used and disseminated. The Patient Council has resulted in a number of patient initiatives including patient representation at Rare Disease Registries advisory boards; development of plain language summaries of registry publications to increase availability of real-world evidence to patient communities; and implementation of digital innovations such as electronic patient-reported outcomes, and patient-facing registry reports and electronic consent (in development), all to enhance patient engagement. The Patient Council is building on the foundations of industry–patient advocacy group collaboration to fully integrate patient communities in decision-making and co-create solutions for the rare disease community.

Graphical Abstract
Prepare Romania: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to promote pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and persistence among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Authors: Lelutiu-Weinberger Corina , Filimon Mircea L. , Zavodszky Anna M. , Lixandru Mihai , Hanu Lucian , Fierbinteanu Cristina , Patrascu Raluca , Streinu-Cercel Adrian , Luculescu Sergiu , Bora Maria , Filipescu Irina , Jianu Cristian , Heightow-Weidman Lisa B. , Rochelle Aimee , Yi Brian , Buckner Nickie , Golub Sarit A. , van Dyk Ilana Seager , Burger Julian , Li Fan , Pachankis John E.
Published: July 2024

Background

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) represent a high-risk group for HIV transmission in Romania, yet they possess few resources for prevention. Despite having no formal access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through the health system, GBMSM in Romania demonstrate a high need for and interest in this medication. In anticipation of a national rollout of PrEP, this study tests the efficacy of a novel strategy, Prepare Romania, that combines two evidence-based PrEP promotion interventions for GBMSM living in Romania.

Methods

This study uses a randomized controlled trial design to examine whether GBMSM living in Romania receiving Prepare Romania, a culturally adapted counseling and mobile health intervention (expected n = 60), demonstrate greater PrEP adherence and persistence than those assigned to a PrEP education control arm (expected n = 60). Participants from two main cities in Romania are prescribed PrEP and followed-up at 3 and 6 months post-randomization. PrEP adherence data are obtained through weekly self-report surveys and dried blood spot testing at follow-up visits. Potential mediators (e.g., PrEP use motivation) of intervention efficacy are also assessed. Furthermore, Prepare Romania’s implementation (e.g., proportion of enrolled participants attending medical visits, intervention experience) will be examined through interviews with participants, study implementers, and healthcare officials.

Discussion

The knowledge gained from this study will be utilized for further refinement and scale-up of Prepare Romania for a future multi-city effectiveness trial. By studying the efficacy of tools to support PrEP adherence and persistence, this research has the potential to lay the groundwork for PrEP rollout in Romania and similar contexts.

Trial registration

This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05323123, on March 25, 2022.
The effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on galectin-9 expression in decidual macrophages contributing to dysfunction of decidual NK cells during pregnancy
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Shuyan , Xu Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuzhu , Ren Liqin , Zhang Haixia , Li Zhidan , Liu Xianbing , Hu Xuemei , Ren Yushan
Published: July 2024

Background

Toxoplasma gondii infection causes adverse pregnancy outcomes by affecting the expression of immunotolerant molecules in decidual immune cells. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is widely expressed in decidual macrophages (dMφ) and is crucial for maintaining normal pregnancy by interacting with the immunomodulatory protein T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3). However, the effects of T. gondii infection on Gal-9 expression in dMφ, and the impact of altered Gal-9 expression levels on the maternal–fetal tolerance function of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells, are still unknown.

Methods

Pregnancy outcomes of T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 and Lgals9−/− pregnant mice models were recorded. Expression of Gal-9, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), and Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was detected by western blotting, flow cytometry or immunofluorescence. The binding of FOXO1 to the promoter of Lgals9 was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation–polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR). The expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in dNK cells was assayed by western blotting.

Results

Toxoplasma gondii infection increased the expression of p-JNK and FOXO1 in dMφ, resulting in a reduction in Gal-9 due to the elevated binding of FOXO1 with Lgals9 promoter. Downregulation of Gal-9 enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK, inhibited the expression of p-CREB and IL-10, and promoted the expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in dNK cells. In the mice model, knockout of Lgals9 aggravated adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by T. gondii infection during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Toxoplasma gondii infection suppressed Gal-9 expression in dMφ by activating the JNK/FOXO1 signaling pathway, and reduction of Gal-9 contributed to dysfunction of dNK via Gal-9/Tim-3 interaction. This study provides new insights for the molecular mechanisms of the adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by T. gondii.

Graphical Abstract
Network analysis of gut microbial communities reveal key genera for a multiple sclerosis cohort with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection
Authors: Ashraf Hajra , Dikarlo Plamena , Masia Aurora , Zarbo Ignazio R. , Solla Paolo , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Sechi Leonardo A.
Published: July 2024

Background

In gut ecosystems, there is a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic interactions that decide the overall fitness of an individual. Divulging the microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions may lead to better strategies in disease management, as microbes rarely act in isolation. Network inference for microbial communities is often a challenging task limited by both analytical assumptions as well as experimental approaches. Even after the network topologies are obtained, identification of important nodes within the context of underlying disease aetiology remains a convoluted task. We therefore present a network perspective on complex interactions in gut microbial profiles of individuals who have multiple sclerosis with and without Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Our exposé is guided by recent advancements in network-wide statistical measures that identify the keystone nodes. We have utilised several centrality measures, including a recently published metric, Integrated View of Influence (IVI), that is robust against biases.

Results

The ecological networks were generated on microbial abundance data (n = 69 samples) utilising 16 S rRNA amplification. Using SPIEC-EASI, a sparse inverse covariance estimation approach, we have obtained networks separately for MAP positive (+), MAP negative (-) and healthy controls (as a baseline). Using IVI metric, we identified top 20 keystone nodes and regressed them against covariates of interest using a generalised linear latent variable model. Our analyses suggest Eisenbergiella to be of pivotal importance in MS irrespective of MAP infection. For MAP + cohort, Pyarmidobacter, and Peptoclostridium were predominately the most influential genera, also hinting at an infection model similar to those observed in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). In MAP- cohort, on the other hand, Coprostanoligenes group was the most influential genera that reduces cholesterol and supports the intestinal barrier.

Conclusions

The identification of keystone nodes, their co-occurrences, and associations with the exposome (meta data) advances our understanding of biological interactions through which MAP infection shapes the microbiome in MS individuals, suggesting the link to the inflammatory process of IBDs. The associations presented in this study may lead to development of improved diagnostics and effective vaccines for the management of the disease.
Can white matter hyperintensities based Fazekas visual assessment scales inform about Alzheimer’s disease pathology in the population?
Authors: Pradeep Aishwarya , Raghavan Sheelakumari , Przybelski Scott A. , Preboske Gregory M. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Lowe Val J. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Cogswell Petrice M. , Vemuri Prashanthi
Published: July 2024

Background

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are considered hallmark features of cerebral small vessel disease and have recently been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Their distinct spatial distributions, namely periventricular versus deep WMH, may differ by underlying age-related and pathobiological processes contributing to cognitive decline. We aimed to identify the spatial patterns of WMH using the 4-scale Fazekas visual assessment and explore their differential association with age, vascular health, AD imaging markers, namely amyloid and tau burden, and cognition. Because our study consisted of scans from GE and Siemens scanners with different resolutions, we also investigated inter-scanner reproducibility and combinability of WMH measurements on imaging.

Methods

We identified 1144 participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging consisting of a population-based sample from Olmsted County, Minnesota with available structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid, and tau positron emission tomography (PET). WMH distribution patterns were assessed on FLAIR-MRI, both 2D axial and 3D, using Fazekas ratings of periventricular and deep WMH severity. We compared the association of periventricular and deep WMH scales with vascular risk factors, amyloid-PET, and tau-PET standardized uptake value ratio, automated WMH volume, and cognition using Pearson partial correlation after adjusting for age. We also evaluated vendor compatibility and reproducibility of the Fazekas scales using intraclass correlations (ICC).

Results

Periventricular and deep WMH measurements showed similar correlations with age, cardiometabolic conditions score (vascular risk), and cognition, (p < 0.001). Both periventricular WMH and deep WMH showed weak associations with amyloidosis (R = 0.07, p = < 0.001), and none with tau burden. We found substantial agreement between data from the two scanners for Fazekas measurements (ICC = 0.82 and 0.74). The automated WMH volume had high discriminating power for identifying participants with Fazekas ≥ 2 (area under curve = 0.97) and showed poor correlation with amyloid and tau PET markers similar to the visual grading.

Conclusion

Our study investigated risk factors underlying WMH spatial patterns and their impact on global cognition, with no discernible differences between periventricular and deep WMH. We observed minimal impact of amyloidosis on WMH severity. These findings, coupled with enhanced inter-scanner reproducibility of WMH data, suggest the combinability of inter-scanner data assessed by harmonized protocols in the context of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia biomarker research.
Central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Qin Li-Yuan , Geng Ye , Mu Jian-Feng , Wang Wen-Jun , Zhang Cai-Xia , Gao Yi-Nan , He Jian-Xia
Published: July 2024

Background

Central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia rarely occurs, and there is no standard therapy for central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This article aims to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Case presentation

It reports two cases of central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia describing the clinical course, therapy, and prognosis. Case 1 is a 67-year-old Asian male patient, he experienced complications with central nervous system involvement after developing resistance to ibrutinib, bendamustine, and rituximab (BR) chemotherapies. The central nervous system lesion was controlled with high-dose methotrexate combined with pomalidomide, but Richter transformation occurred several months later. Case 2 is a 62-year-old Asian female patient, she had central nervous system involvement at initial diagnosis, and bone marrow and central nervous system lesions were controlled by ibrutinib therapy.

Conclusion

Central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is rare and can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid testing, and radiographic evaluation. Ibrutinib, pomalidomide, and other drugs that can cross the blood–brain barrier may be effective for treating central nervous system involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Epidemic modelling by birth-death processes with spatial scaling
Authors: Arharas Ihsan , El Fatini Mohamed , Louriki Mohammed , Pettersson Roger
Published: July 2024

In epidemic modeling, interpretation of compartment quantities, such as s, i, and r in relevant equations, is not always straightforward. Ambiguities regarding whether these quantities represent numbers or fractions of individuals in each compartment rise questions about significance of the involved parameters. In this paper, we address these challenges by considering a density-dependent epidemic modelling by a birth-death process approach inspired by Kurtz from 1970s’. In contrast to existing literature, which employs population size scaling under constant population condition, we scale with respect to the area. Namely, under the assumption of spatial homogeneity of the population, we consider the quantities of susceptible, infective and recovered per unit area. This spatial scaling allows diffusion approximation for birth-death type epidemic models with varying population size. By adopting this approach, we anticipate to contribute to a clear and transparent description of compartment quantities and parameters in epidemic modeling.
Laryngeal cancer incidence trends in the United States over 2000–2020: a population-based analysis
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Ilaghi Mehran , Aslani Armin , Najafi Morvarid , Yekta Zahra , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Laryngeal cancers account for one-third of all head and neck cancers. We aimed to report the incidence trends of laryngeal cancer over 2000–2020 in the United States (US), by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and histological subtypes.

Methods

Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 database were used to identify patients with laryngeal cancer based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, version 3. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) for laryngeal cancer, adjusted for reporting delays, were calculated. The Joinpoint Regression Program was then utilized to determine annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in the trends. The analysis excluded data from 2020 to prevent potential bias related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

A total of 104,991 cases of laryngeal cancer were identified in the US from 2000 to 2019. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant subtype, accounting for 94.53% of cases. Above 73.20% occurred among non-Hispanic whites, with the highest incidence observed among individuals aged 55–69 years (46.71%). The ASIRs were 5.98 and 1.25 per 100,000 population for men and women, respectively. Over 2000–2019, there was a significant reduction in ASIRs for laryngeal cancer in both sexes. Non-Hispanic black men exhibited the highest ASIR (9.13 per 100,000) and the largest decline in the ASIRs over 2000–2019 (AAPC: -3.26%).

Conclusions

Laryngeal cancer incidence rates showed a decline from 2000 to 2019, in addition to 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional research is required to investigate risk factors and their influence on incidence rates of laryngeal cancer.
Monitoring the invasion of Campuloclinium macrocephalum (less) DC plants using a novel MaxEnt and machine learning ensemble in the Cradle Nature Reserve, South Africa
Authors: Makobe Benjamin , Mhangara Paidamwoyo , Gidey Eskinder , Kganyago Mahlatse
Published: July 2024

The proliferation of non-native plant species has caused significant changes in global ecosystems, leading to a surge in international interest in the use of remote sensing technologies for both local and global detection applications. The Greater Cradle Nature Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is facing a decline in its global status due to the spread of pompom weeds, affecting its biodiversity. A significant reduction in grazing capacity leads to the displacement of game animals and the replacement of native vegetation. We used Sentinel-2A multispectral images to map the distribution of pompom weeds. At the nature reserve from 2019 to 2024, which allowed us to distinguish it from other land cover types and determine the appropriateness of the habitat. The SVM model provided 44% and 50.7% spatial coverage of pompom weed at the nature reserve in 2019 and 2024, respectively, whereas the RF model yielded 31.1% and 39.3%, respectively. The MaxEnt model identified both soil and rainfall as the most important environmental factors in fostering the aggressive proliferation of pompom weeds at the nature reserves. The MaxEnt predictive model obtained an area under curve score of 0.94, indicating outstanding prediction model performance. Classification of above 75%, indicating that they could distinguish pompom weeds from existing land cover types. For sustainable environmental management, this study suggests using predictive models to effectively eradicate the spatial distribution of invasive weeds in the present and future.
Strut-and-Tie Method for GFRP-RC Deep Members
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Nanni Antonio
Published: July 2024

The current code provisions in ACI 440.11 are based on the flexural theory that applies to slender members and may not represent the actual structural behavior when the shear span-to-reinforcement depth ratio is less than 2.5 (i.e., deep members). The Strut-and-tie method (STM) can be a better approach to design deep members; however, this chapter is not included in the code. Research has shown that STM models used for steel-reinforced concrete (RC) give satisfactory results when applied to glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced (GFRP)-RC members with a/d less than 2.5. Therefore, this study is carried out to provide insights into the use of STM for GFRP-RC deep members based on the available literature and to highlight the necessity for the inclusion of a new chapter addressing the use of STM in the ACI 440.11 Code. It includes a design example to show the implications of ACI 440.11 code provisions when applied to GFRP-RC deep members (i.e., isolated footings) and compares it when designed as per STM provided in ACI 318-19. It was observed that current code provisions in ACI 440.11 required more concrete thickness (i.e., h = 1.12 m) leading to implementation challenges. However, the required dimensions decreased (i.e., h = 0.91 m) when the design was carried out as per STM. Due to the novelty of GFRP reinforcement, current code provisions may limit its extensive use in RC buildings, particularly in footings given the water table issues and excavation costs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt innovative methods such as STM to design GFRP-RC deep members if allowed by the code.
A review on the cultivation, bioactive compounds, health-promoting factors and clinical trials of medicinal mushrooms Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus and Tropicoporus linteus
Authors: Tee Phoebe Yon Ern , Krishnan Thiiben , Cheong Xin Tian , Maniam Snechaa A. P. , Looi Chung Yeng , Ooi Yin Yin , Chua Caroline Lin Lin , Fung Shin-Yee , Chia Adeline Yoke Yin
Published: July 2024

Medicinal mushrooms, such as Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus, and Tropicoporus linteus, have been used in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes and promotion of overall health in China and many East Asian countries for centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the large amounts of bioactive constituents (such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds) available in these medicinal mushrooms and their potential therapeutic properties. Due to the rising demand for the health-promoting medicinal mushrooms, various cultivation methods have been explored to combat over-harvesting of the fungi. Evidence of the robust pharmacological properties, including their anticancer, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiviral activities, have been provided in various studies, where the health-benefiting properties of the medicinal fungi have been further proven through numerous clinical trials. In this review, the cultivation methods, available bioactive constituents, therapeutic properties, and potential uses of T. camphoratus, I. obliquus and T. linteus are explored.
A review on the thermochemical reaction mechanisms for distiller pyrolysis process
Authors: Lin Sheng-Lun , Zhang Hongjie , Chen Wei-Hsin , Wu Yee-Lin , Wu Che-Wei , Huang Shih-Wei
Published: July 2024

Circular utilization of distillery byproducts is crucial, and pyrolysis has emerged as a viable technology for converting them into fuels and high-value chemicals. This review investigates the thermochemical reactions of byproducts generated during the grain fermentation process. We begin by discussing the physicochemical properties of these byproducts as they relate to their potential conversion into fuels. Subsequently, we explore various thermochemical processes for biomass-to-energy conversion, including the influence of reaction conditions and catalysts. The intricate interactions between cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and protein during pyrolysis are then examined. These interactions, particularly the Maillard reaction between proteins and carbohydrates and vapor–solid interactions, significantly impact the reaction pathways and ultimately the yield and quality of bio-oil, a key product of the pyrolysis process. Understanding these interactions, as evidenced by studies demonstrating the influence of levoglucosan, furfural, and hydroxyacetic acid on product yields, is essential for optimizing pyrolysis processes of distillery byproducts and maximizing the efficiency of biomass energy conversion. By elucidating the theoretical foundation and scientific basis for optimizing the energy conversion of distillery byproducts, this review aims to contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly practices within the brewing industry.
Calculation of the ratio of branching fractions
Authors: Amirkhanlou Elnaz , Mohammadi Behnam
Published: July 2024

The LHCb Collaboration has reported for the first time the branching fraction for the

decay as

. They measured the branching fraction of this decay relative to that of the

normalization channel as

. In this work, we have studied the

and

decays in three scales of μ and strong coupling values mesons using a simple model based on the framework of the factorization approach presented. We have obtained

for

decay at

and

for

decay at

. We have also estimated

at

which is consistent with the experimental result.
Effects of Low-dose Methotrexate With Methimazole in Patients With Graves’ Disease: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Xie Pu , Shen Liyun , Peng Rongguang , Wang Yanqiu , Yin Qinglei , Chen Xinxin , Jin Zhou , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Wang Shu , Zhou Yulin
Published: July 2024

Context

Supplemental methotrexate (MTX) may affect the clinical course of Graves’ disease (GD).

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of add-on MTX on medical treatment in GD.

Design

Prospective, open-label, randomized supplementation controlled trial.

Setting

Academic endocrine outpatient clinic.

Patients

One hundred fifty-three untreated hyperthyroid patients with GD.

Intervention

Patients received MTX 10 mg/w with methimazole (MMI) or MMI only. MTX and MMI were discontinued at months 12 to 18 in euthyroid patients.

Main Outcome Measures

Discontinuation rate at month 18 in each group.

Results

In the MTX with MMI group, the discontinuation rate was higher than the MMI group at months 15 to 18 [50.0 vs 33.3%, P = .043, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.020-3.922; and 55.6 vs 38.9%, P = .045, 95% CI 1.011-3.815, respectively). The decrease in thyrotropin-related antibodies (TRAb) levels in the MTX with MMI group was significant from baseline to month 6 compared to the MMI alone group [MTX + MMI 67.22% (43.12-80.32), MMI 54.85% (33.18-73.76), P = .039] and became more significant from month 9 [MTX + MMI 77.79% (62.27-88.18), MMI 69.55% (50.50-83.22), P = .035] to month 18 (P < .01 in 15-18 months). A statistically significant difference was seen between the levels of TRAb in the MTX with MMI group and the MMI group at 9 to 18 months. There were no significant differences in the levels of free T3, free T4, and TSH between the 2 groups. No serious drug-related adverse events were observed in either group (P = .771).

Conclusion

Supplemental MTX with MMI resulted in a higher discontinuation rate and improvement in decreased TRAb levels to homeostatic levels faster than methimazole treatment alone at months 12 to 18.
Loss of Function of Vasoactive-intestinal Peptide Alters Sex Ratio and Reduces Male Reproductive Fitness in Zebrafish
Authors: Yu Yang , Tanaka Sakura , Wong Ten-Tsao , Zohar Yonathan , Zmora Nilli
Published: July 2024

Vasoactive-intestinal peptide (Vip) is a pleiotropic peptide with a wide range of distribution and functions. Zebrafish possess 2 isoforms of Vip (a and b), in which Vipa is most homologous to the mammalian form. In female zebrafish, Vipa can stimulate LH secretion from the pituitary but is not essential for female reproduction, as vipa−/− females display normal reproduction. In contrast, we have found that vipa−/− males are severely subfertile and sex ratio of offspring is female-biased. By analyzing all aspects of male reproduction with wild-type (WT) males, we show that the testes of vipa−/− are underdeveloped and contain ∼70% less spermatids compared to WT counterparts. The sperm of vipa−/− males displayed reduced potency in terms of fertilization (by ∼80%) and motility span and duration (by ∼50%). In addition, vipa−/− male attraction to WT females was largely nonexistent, indicating decreased sexual motivation. We show that vipa mRNA and protein is present in Leydig cells and in developing germ cells in the testis of WT, raising the possibility that endogenous Vipa contributes to testicular function. Absence of Vipa in vipa−/− males resulted in downregulation of 3 key genes in the androgen synthesis chain in the testis, 3β-hsd, 17β-hsd1, and cyp11c1 (11β-hydrogenase), associated with a pronounced decrease in 11-ketotestosterone production and, in turn, compromised reproductive fitness. Altogether, this study establishes a crucial role for Vipa in the regulation of male reproduction in zebrafish, like in mammals, with the exception that Vipa is also expressed in zebrafish testis.
Anti-Kurdish Racism in Germany: Decolonial Perspectives on the German Education System
Authors: Yeşil Sincar Diren
Published: July 2024

Educational institutions are places of identity formation and reformation, contributing differently to existing identity politics. In the author's biographical narrative interviews with people who position themselves as Kurds, conducted as part of her PhD project, “Experiences of Racism among Kurds in Germany—Functions and Effects of (Not) Speaking About Anti-Kurdish Racism,” the author frequently encounters instances of devaluation of Kurdish identities due to racialization and everyday invisibilization. The professional demands on educational institutions, on the other hand, require them to give resonance and validity to the multitude of identities and diversity of experiences in society and to make these visible. A critical pedagogy of decolonization involves overcoming colonized perspectives and acquiring alternative forms of knowledge. The author adopts a decolonial perspective to acknowledge and problematize the mechanisms of invisibilization and identity erasure, and thus not only shifts the content of hegemonic orders of knowledge but also enables the recognition of different modes of articulation. This article asks, what characterizes anti-Kurdish racism, and how does it impact Kurdish individuals within the German educational system? Through interview excerpts, the author addresses how these questions can be structurally addressed through biographical clues in Germany.
The Return of the Oppressed: Notes on Kurdish Anti-colonialism
Authors: Aydınkaya Fırat
Published: July 2024

This article critically examines the historical trajectory and contemporary manifestations of Kurdish anti-colonialism. The analysis unfolds in two parts, dissecting the intricate relationship between theory and action within the Kurdish struggle. The historical dimension delves into Ottoman-era Turkish-style colonization, elucidating the displacement strategies employed by the Ottoman state. The study underscores the delayed integration of the colonialism concept into the Kurdish intellectual framework, shedding light on the challenges faced by the oppressed in articulating their anti-colonial narrative. The second part scrutinizes the ideological challenges within the Kurdish anti-colonial discourse. The instrumental use of the slogan “Kurdistan is a colony” is explored, emphasizing the dominance of socialist objectives over national liberation aspirations. The impact of socialism and pan-Islamism on Kurdish politics and the linguistic complexities that obscure the colonial difference through language are examined. Contemporary dynamics, such as the Peace and Democracy Process and political violence, are analyzed to provide insights into the evolving nature of the Kurdish struggle. The resurgence of colonial theory within Kurdish society, particularly through techno-Kurdishness, is explored, highlighting the role of modern communication technologies in reshaping the narrative. The article concludes by reflecting on the potential of the Kurdish struggle to inspire global resistance movements.
A Role of Physical Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – A Literature Review
Authors: Staniszewska Izabela , Baran Milena
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease of unknown cause. Inflammation and immune-mediated damage to multiple organ systems are the hallmarks of this condition. It is capable of affecting virtually every organ of the body, including but not limited to the hematologic, kidney, mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, and kidney systems. Immunologic abnormalities, specifically the production of numerous antinuclear antibodies
Purpose of work: Collect information on the impact of physical exercise and diet on SLE patients and the possibilities of their therapeutic use.
Summary: Being active helps patients with SLE maintain a lower body weight, improve their mental state, relieve their fatigue, and increase their general satisfaction. There are some findings that indicate that physical activity is not as important in therapy for patients with SLE as adding exercise to the basic treatment program. Nevertheless, physical activity is beneficial for the overall well-being of individuals, regardless of whether they have SLE or not. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with SLE engage in physical activity, as it has been widely acknowledged to have significant positive health benefits.
Does the patient's physical activity affect the course of cardiac surgery - a comprehensive approach to cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Różańska-Smuszkiewicz Gabriela , Smuszkiewicz-Różański Paweł , Koszyczarek Karolina , Marańska Diana
Published: July 2024

Cardiovascular diseases represent a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Over the past years, the field of cardiac surgery has significantly evolved. Globally, more than 2 million cardiac surgeries are performed annually. Among the main procedures are coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve replacements, and heart transplants. The increasing number of patients requiring such treatment and, consequently, the rising number of procedures performed imply an improvement in their quality. With advancements in surgical techniques, the scope of patients eligible for procedures has also expanded. Patients undergoing cardiac surgeries are increasingly older and often suffer from significant comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. Effective cardiac surgery significantly enhances the quality of life. When caring for a patient undergoing cardiac surgery, many aspects of the patient need to be considered to approach them holistically, while simultaneously creating an individualized treatment pathway. Not only the cardiac aspect but also various other factors need to be taken into account, including the patient's diet, medications, comorbidities, mental state, and physical activity. In this work, we emphasize the role of both postoperative and preoperative care for cardiac surgery patients, which, when properly executed, can be the key to the patient's recovery.
Inspections Clinic: Pauses to inspections
Authors: Stephenson Jo
Published: July 2024

Planned changes to allow for inspections of state schools to be paused for a short time will now be extended to all provision regulated by Ofsted. Jo Stephenson looks at how the new policy will work
A guide to topical retinoids
Authors: Yilmaz Cigdem Kemal
Published: July 2024

Topical retinoids continue to be the treatment of choice for healthcare professionals and patients due to their effectiveness in treating several common skincare concerns. In a comprehensive review, Cigdem Kemal Yilmaz discusses the most used topical retinoids: retinyl palmitate, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde), tretinoin (retinoic acid) and adapalene, and their potential benefits to the skin. This article also addresses the latest EU regulations impacting their use, and the necessity for healthcare professionals to stay informed about advancements and regulatory changes in topical retinoid therapy in order to provide personalised treatment plans for their patients.
Toyota Goes Electric
Authors: Fanning Paul
Published: July 2024

Toyota has introduced an number of new models lately, not the leastof which is a n electric model using lithium ion technology.
STEM Centre Focuses on Outreach
Authors: Fanning Paul
Published: July 2024

Renishaw has opened a new centre providing a dedicated space for local schoolchildren to visit to learn more about STEM subjects and associated careers.
Navigating treatment resistance: Janus kinase inhibitors for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Soldera Jonathan
Published: July 2024

The management of refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) and acute severe UC (ASUC) is challenging due to the lack of standardized approaches in cases resistant to multiple treatments. In this editorial, I investigate the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors, particularly upadacitinib and tofacitinib, in controlling severe and refractory disease. I highlight a notable case report by Xu et al , which explores the case of a patient with primary nonresponse to two classes of biologics and two fecal microbiota transplants who exhibited a remarkable response to upadacitinib. Furthermore, I discuss the use of tofacitinib in refractory UC and ASUC, either as monotherapy or in combination with biologics, which has shown promising response rates. Additionally, emerging evidence of upadacitinib efficacy in ASUC is presented. Overall, these cases emphasize the complex nature of managing refractory ASUC and the potential of small-molecule therapies to achieve remission. Further research is needed to refine treatment strategies for patients with treatment-resistant UC.
Influence of humanistic care-based operating room nursing on safety, recovery, and satisfaction after radical surgery for colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xian-Pu , Niu Min
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Radical surgery is a preferred treatment for colorectal carcinoma, wherein nursing intervention is essential for postoperative recovery and prevention of complications. Recently, the application of humanistic care in medical care has attracted attention. Humanistic care emphasizes comprehensive care, with importance attached to patients’ physical needs as well as psychological and emotional support to provide more humane and personalized care services. However, no clinical reports have examined the use of humanistic care in patients undergoing radical surgery for colorectal carcinoma.

AIM

To investigate the influence of humanistic care-based operating room nursing on the safety, postoperative recovery, and nursing satisfaction of patients who have undergone radical surgery for colorectal carcinoma.

METHODS

In total, 120 patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between August 2023 and March 2024 were selected and grouped based on the nursing methods employed. Of these patients, 55 were treated with routine nursing intervention (control group) and 65 were provided humanistic care-based operating room nursing (research group). The patients’ vital signs were recorded, including systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and heart beats per minute (BPM), as well as serum stress indices, including norepinephrine (NE), adrenal hormone (AD), and cortisol (Cor). Postoperative recovery and complications were also recorded. Patients’ negative emotions, life hope, and nursing satisfaction were evaluated using the Self-rating Depression/Anxiety Scale (SDS/SAS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and self-developed nursing satisfaction questionnaire, respectively.

RESULTS

During emergence from anesthesia, SBP, DBP, and BPM levels were found to be lower in the research group than those in the control group, also serum Cor, AD, and NE levels were lower. In addition, the research group had shorter operative, awakening, anal exhaust, first postoperative ambulation, drainage tube removal, intestinal recovery, and hospital times. The total complication rate and the SDS and SAS scores were lower in the research group than those in the control group. The HHI and nursing satisfaction scores were higher in the research group.

CONCLUSION

Humanistic care-based operating room nursing can mitigate physiological stress responses, reduce postoperative complications, promote postoperative recovery, relieve adverse psychological emotions, and enhance life hope and nursing satisfaction in patients undergoing radical surgery for colorectal carcinoma, which can be popularized in clinical practice.
Assessment of early factors for identification or prediction severe acute pancreatitis in pregnancy
Authors: Mei Li-Fen , Gan Quan , Hu Jing , Li Yun-Xiang , Tian Rui , Shi Cheng-Jian
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) is a rare and serious condition, and severe APIP (SAPIP) can lead to pancreatic necrosis, abscess, multiple organ dysfunction, and other adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Therefore, early identification or prediction of SAPIP is important.

AIM

To assess factors for early identification or prediction of SAPIP.

METHODS

The clinical data of patients with APIP were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified with mild acute pancreatitis or severe acute pancreatitis, and the clinical characteristics and laboratory biochemical indexes were compared between the two groups. Logical regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the efficacy of the factors for identification or prediction of SAPIP.

RESULTS

A total of 45 APIP patients were enrolled. Compared with the mild acute pancreatitis group, the severe acute pancreatitis group had significantly increased (P < 0.01) heart rate (HR), hemoglobin, neutrophil ratio (NEUT%), and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), while lymphocytes were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Logical regression analysis showed that HR, NEUT%, NLR, and lymphocyte count differed significantly (P < 0.01) between the groups. These may be factors for early identification or prediction of SAPIP. The area under the curve of HR, NEUT%, NLR, and lymphocyte count in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 0.748, 0.732, 0.821, and 0.774, respectively. The combined analysis showed that the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.869, 90.5%, and 70.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

HR, NEUT%, NLR, and lymphocyte count can be used for early identification or prediction of SAPIP, and the combination of the four factors is expected to improve identification or prediction of SAPIP.
Non-Similar Analysis of Mixed Convection Biomagnetic Boundary Layer Flow Over a Vertical Plate with Magnetization and Localized Heating/Cooling
Authors: Prodhan Rayhan , Ferdows Mohammad , Misra J. C. , Tzirtzilakis Efstratios , Murtaza M. G.
Published: July 2024

Theoretical and numerical investigation of an applied magnetic field on mixed convection flow of a biofluid through a vertical plate using contained heating or cooling is observed in this study. The mathematical formulation is that of the full Biomagnetic Fluid Dynamics (BFD) model which deals with on the ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) principle. In this work, the study is performed on a specific biofluid, viz. human blood. Assume that the magnetization very linearly with magnetic field strength, temperature dependency of dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity is noticed. A system of non-linear equations with appropriate boundary condition is obtained by familiarizing suitable non-dimensional variables in the physical problem. For the numerical solution, we used finite difference method which is based on an efficient technique is applied in the problem. Computations for flow profiles, local skin friction coefficient and local heat transfer coefficient are performed with the magnetic parameter Mn, the viscosity/temperature parameter θr and the thermal/conductivity parameter S∗. The effect of the localized heating or cooling is examined. The computational results presented graphically and have been validated in an appropriate manner. The study reveals that the impact of a magnetic field for blood flow in arteries is found significantly. The results presented bear the promise of valuable applications in physiology, medicine and bioengineering.