bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Analysis of Optimal Operating Conditions in Heating Systems
Authors: Kong Chan , Sun Yong , Zhang Hongxi , Shi Yongjiang
Published: May 2019

With changes in the outdoor air temperature, the heat consumption of buildings also changes. Timely adjustment of the heating systems to ensure optimal operating conditions is extremely significant to save energy. In this study, the operation conditions of a heating system were analyzed numerically, and the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the optimal operation conditions of the heating system were proved. An operation optimization model that could obtain the optimal operation conditions was also established, and the correctness of the model was verified experimentally. Experimental results showed that when the flow rate was 0.606 m3/h, the supply water temperature was 67.13°C, water return temperature was 65.90°C, and the pump consumed the least amount of electricity. The experimental results and model calculation results showed that the operating cost is lower when the system flow rate is low and the supply water temperature is high under the same heat dissipation and indoor temperature.
Water Inrush from Pregrouting Fractures Induced by Mining Activities and Its Engineering Control Method Optimization
Authors: Li Jianbo
Published: May 2019

Water inrush accidents during coal mining still occur after reinforcement of fissured water bearing strata underlying coal seams through grouting, which seriously troubles field technicians. In order to further prevent the water inrush, especially the water inrush after grouting reinforcement, the grouting technique needs to be improved. Experimental design, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation have been carried out in sequence. On the microscale level, the relationship between strains and water flow rate was analyzed through laboratory experiments; on the macroscale level, the propagation mechanism of grouting cracks resulting from the rock strata deformation during coal production was analyzed with rock beam theory, and then a new model of casing pipes preventing water inrush by controlling deformation of the floor rock strata is proposed. The laboratory test results show that the response of the radial strain and the water flow rate to mining operation is consistent and positively correlated and verify that it is feasible to reduce water inrush disaster by controlling deformation of the rock strata. The deformation governing equation of the casing pipes is deduced theoretically. At last, the numerical calculation was done to prove the effectiveness of controlling the floor rock strata deformation by the casing pipe group, which indicated that the displacement of the monitoring points after grouting is smaller than that before grouting practice. It is practicable to realize grouting technique optimization by the innovative adoption of the grouting casing pipes in the future.
Electrochemical Coprecipitation of Zinc and Aluminum in Aqueous Electrolytes for ZnO and AZO Coverage Deposition
Authors: Martynova Natalia A. , Svishchev Viktor N. , Lepnev Leonid S. , Alieva Shakhnozabonu R. , Chertorylskaya Elena G. , Vishnevskiy Mikhail E. , Bozhko Alexey D. , Grigorieva Anastasia V.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the technological challenge of the electrochemical formation of zinc oxide and Al-doped ZnO films (ZnO:Al, AZO) as transparent conductive oxide coatings with complex architectures for solar cell photoanode materials. A cathodic electrodeposition of AZO was performed using aqueous nitrate electrolytes at 25°C. A significant positive deviation in aluminum percentage in the films was demonstrated by the LAES, EDX, and XPS methods, which originates from aluminum hydroxide sedimentation. The photoluminescent characteristics of the ZnO films reveal low band intensities related to intrinsic defects, while the samples with 1 at.% of aluminum show a strong and wide PL band at 600±80 nm and increase in conductivity.
On Unsteady Effects in WIG Craft Aerodynamics
Authors: Kornev Nikolai
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the analysis of unsteady forces and their influence on the aerodynamics and motion of a wing-in-ground (WIG) effect craft. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional aerodynamic models based on the potential flow are coupled with time domain simulations in the longitudinal plane. A special attention is paid to the explanation of the dynamic ground effect on both the sink and pitching motions. The influence of unsteady and quasi-steady forces on the dynamic ground effects and the craft motion is analyzed for different heights of flight.
Numerical Modelling of Heavy Metal Dynamics in a River‐Lagoon System
Authors: Torres-Bejarano F. , Couder-Castañeda C. , Ramírez-León H. , Hernández-Gómez J. J. , Rodríguez-Cuevas C. , Herrera-Díaz I. E. , Barrios-Piña H.
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the development of a two‐dimensional water quality model that solves hydrodynamic equations tied to transport equations with reactions mechanisms inherent in the processes. This enables us to perform an accurate assessment of the pollution in a coastal ecosystem. The model was developed with data drawn from the ecosystem found in Mexico’s southeast state of Tabasco. The coastal ecosystem consists of the interaction of El Yucateco lagoon with Chicozapote and Tonalá rivers that connect the lagoon with the Gulf of Mexico. The results of pollutants transport simulation in the coastal ecosystem are presented, focusing on toxic parameters for two hydrodynamic scenarios: wet and dry seasons. As it is of interest in the zone, the transport of four metals is studied: Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Lead. In order to address these objectives, a self‐posed mathematical problem is solved numerically, which is based on the measured data. The performed simulations show how to characterise metals transport with an acceptable accuracy, agreeing well with measured data in total concentrations in four control points along the water body. Although for the accurate implementation of the hydrodynamic‐based water quality model herein presented boundary (geometry, tides, wind, etc.) and initial (concentrations measurements) conditions are required, it poses an excellent option when the distribution of solutes with high accuracy is required, easing environmental, economic, and social management of coastal ecosystems. It ought to be remarked that this constitutes a robust differential equation‐based water quality model for the transport of heavy metals. Models with these characteristics are not common to be found elsewhere.
Use of Statin Medications Following Diagnosis in Relation to Survival among Women with Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Harding Barbara N. , Delaney Joseph A. , Urban Renata R. , Weiss Noel S.
Published: May 2019

Background:

It has been suggested that the likelihood of survival among women with ovarian cancer could be increased by postdiagnosis statin use. This study examines the potential association between postdiagnosis statin use and cancer-specific mortality among women with ovarian cancer.

Methods:

This cohort study used SEER-Medicare data on women ≥66 years of age diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 2007 to 2012 who were enrolled in Medicare parts A, B, and D during the year after diagnosis. Statin use was defined as two or more fills for a statin during the year after diagnosis. Ovarian cancer–specific death was assessed starting 1 year after diagnosis. Marginal structural Cox models were used, adjusting for the inverse probability of treatment weighting and censoring weighting. Treatment weights and censoring weights were calculated using logistic regression models with a priori–defined covariates.

Results:

Among 2,195 women with ovarian cancer, 489 (22%) used statins within 1 year after their diagnosis. Over a mean follow-up of 2.2 years, 796 (36%) women died from ovarian cancer. The adjusted HR for ovarian cancer mortality comparing statin users to nonusers was 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.91).

Conclusions:

Findings from this and prior work suggest statin use following a diagnosis with ovarian cancer is associated with a lower risk of cancer death.

Impact:

Because, in most women, statin administration has limited side effects, a randomized trial of statins among patients with ovarian cancer may be warranted.
Mesothelin-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate (MSLN-TTC): Preclinical Evaluation of a New Targeted Alpha Therapy for Mesothelin-Positive Cancers
Authors: Hagemann Urs B. , Ellingsen Christine , Schuhmacher Joachim , Kristian Alexander , Mobergslien Anne , Cruciani Véronique , Wickstroem Katrine , Schatz Christoph A. , Kneip Christoph , Golfier Sven , Smeets Roger , Uran Steinar , Hennekes Hartwig , Karlsson Jenny , Bjerke Roger M. , Ryan Olav B. , Mumberg Dominik , Ziegelbauer Karl , Cuthbertson Alan S.
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

Targeted thorium-227 conjugates (TTC) represent a new class of molecules for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Covalent attachment of a 3,2-HOPO chelator to an antibody enables specific complexation and delivery of the alpha particle emitter thorium-227 to tumor cells. Because of the high energy and short penetration range, TAT efficiently induces double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) preferentially in the tumor cell with limited damage to the surrounding tissue. We present herein the preclinical evaluation of a mesothelin (MSLN)-targeted thorium-227 conjugate, BAY 2287411. MSLN is a GPI-anchored membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in mesothelioma, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and breast cancers with limited expression in healthy tissue.

Experimental Design:

The binding activity and radiostability of BAY 2287411 were confirmed bioanalytically. The mode-of-action and antitumor potency of BAY 2287411 were investigated in vitro and in vivo in cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer.

Results:

BAY 2287411 induced DSBs, apoptotic markers, and oxidative stress, leading to reduced cellular viability. Furthermore, upregulation of immunogenic cell death markers was observed. BAY 2287411 was well-tolerated and demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy when administered via single or multiple dosing regimens in vivo. In addition, significant survival benefit was observed in a disseminated lung cancer model. Biodistribution studies showed specific uptake and retention of BAY 2287411 in tumors and enabled the development of a mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to describe the preclinical data.

Conclusions:

These promising preclinical results supported the transition of BAY 2287411 into a clinical phase I program in mesothelioma and ovarian cancer patients (NCT03507452).
Acquired Resistance to BET-PROTACs (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras) Caused by Genomic Alterations in Core Components of E3 Ligase Complexes
Authors: Zhang Lu , Riley-Gillis Bridget , Vijay Priyanka , Shen Yu
Published: May 2019

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) are bifunctional molecules that hijack endogenous E3 ubiquitin ligases to induce ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of protein of interest. Recently, it has been shown that PROTACs with robust in vitro and in vivo activities and, in some cases, drug-like pharmaceutical properties can be generated using small-molecule ligands for the E3 ligases VHL and CRBN. These findings stoked tremendous enthusiasm on using PROTACs for therapeutics development. Innate and acquired drug resistance often underlies therapeutic failures, particularly for cancer therapy. With the PROTAC technology progressing rapidly toward therapeutic applications, it would be important to understand whether and how resistance to these novel agents may emerge. Using BET-PROTACs as a model system, we demonstrate that resistance to both VHL- and CRBN-based PROTACs can occur in cancer cells following chronic treatment. However, unlike what was often observed for many targeted therapeutics, resistance to BET-PROTACs did not result from secondary mutations that affect compound binding to the target. In contrast, acquired resistance to both VHL- and CRBN-based BET-PROTACs was primarily caused by genomic alterations that compromise core components of the relevant E3 ligase complexes.
Direct Admission versus Secondary Transfer for Acute Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy: Insights from the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry
Authors: Weisenburger-Lile David , Blanc Raphaël , Kyheng Maeva , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Labreuche Julien , Piotin Michel , Mazighi Mikael , Consoli Arturo , Lapergue Bertrand , Gory Benjamin ,   on behalf of the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Investigators
Published: May 2019

Background: To date, thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes can be performed only in comprehensive stroke centers with thrombectomy capacity. We compared the clinical outcome of patients first referred to a primary stroke center to those admitted directly to a comprehensive stroke center and treated on site in the multicentric observational Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) registry. Methods: From our perspective, multicenter, observational ETIS registry, we analyzed anterior circulation stroke patients, treated within 8 h, who underwent thrombectomy after thrombolysis and were admitted to a comprehensive stroke center either with drip and ship or mothership. Clinical and safety outcomes were compared between 2 groups. Results: A total of 971 patients were analyzed: 298 were treated with the mothership approach and 673 with drip and ship. Significantly more functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2) was achieved in mothership (60.1%) than in drip and ship patients (52.6%; adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.98, p = 0.018). Excellent outcome (90-day mRS 0–1) was achieved in 45.3% of the mothership group, compared to 37.9% of the drip and ship group (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.98; p = 0.026). According to the distance between the primary stroke center and the comprehensive stroke center, greater functional independence was achieved in mothership than in drip and ship >12.5 miles patients (adjusted RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71–0.94). Results in the drip-ship group stratified according to time between cerebral imaging and groin puncture (categorized according to the median cut-off: 140 min) were similar. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rate and mortality within 90 days was similar in both groups (7.5 vs. 5.9%, p = 0.40; 17.4 vs. 16.1%, p = 0.63). Conclusions: Our study suggests that LVO stroke patients directly admitted to a comprehensive stroke center present a higher chance of functional independence, especially when the distance between the primary stroke center and comprehensive stroke center is >12.5 miles or when the time between cerebral imaging and groin puncture is ≥140 min.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile Infection: A One-Center Experience
Authors: Lynch Shaina M. , Mu Jinjian , Grady James J. , Stevens Richard G. , Devers Thomas J.
Published: May 2019

Background: Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic, and spore-forming bacillus, which is responsible for the majority of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. Objective: Determine if fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective in a population sample from Connecticut. Methods: We report the clinical experience of 92 consecutive patients from one gastroenterology practice in central Connecticut treated by colonoscopy with FMT for infection with Clostridium difficile from 2012 to 2017. The analyses are based on clinical follow-up up to 3 months after the FMT procedure and on medical chart review. Results: Overall, complete recovery occurred in 86% of patients. As previously reported in a limited number of previous studies, community-acquired cases were more common than hospital-acquired cases, and community-acquired cases were more likely to be female. Conclusions: Consistent with some previous reports, we found the following: the source of the donor for FMT did not make a difference in recovery: material from nonrelatives was as effective as from close relatives; and the presence of multiple comorbidities did not make a difference in recovery: patients with 2 or more comorbidities did as well as those with one or none.
Left Ventricular Twist Is Augmented in Hypoxia by β
1
-Adrenergic–Dependent and β
1
-Adrenergic–Independent Factors, Without Evidence of Endocardial Dysfunction
Authors: Williams Alexandra M. , Ainslie Philip N. , Anholm James D. , Gasho Chris , Subedi Prajan , Stembridge Mike
Published: May 2019

Background:

Left ventricular (LV) twist mechanics are augmented with both acute and chronic hypoxemia. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, sympathetic activation and a direct effect of hypoxemia on the myocardium have been proposed, the latter of which may produce subendocardial dysfunction that is masked by larger subepicardial torque. This study therefore sought to (1) determine the individual and combined influences of β
1
-AR (β
1
-adrenergic receptor) stimulation and peripheral O
2
saturation (Sp
o
2
) on LV twist in acute and chronic hypoxia and (2) elucidate whether endocardial versus epicardial mechanics respond differently to hypoxia.

Methods:

Twelve males (27±4 years) were tested near sea level in acute hypoxia (Sp
o
2
=82±4%) and following 3 to 6 days at 5050 m (high altitude; Sp
o
2
=83±3%). In both settings, participants received infusions of β
1
-AR blocker esmolol and volume-matched saline (double-blind, randomized). LV mechanics were assessed with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography, and region-specific analysis to compare subendocardial and subepicardial mechanics.

Results:

At sea level, compared with baseline (14.8±3.0°) LV twist was reduced with esmolol (11.2±3.3°;
P
=0.007) and augmented during hypoxia (19.6±4.9°;
P
<0.001), whereas esmolol+hypoxia augmented twist compared with esmolol alone (16.5±3.3°;
P
<0.001). At 5050 m, LV twist was increased compared with sea level (19.5±5.4°;
P
=0.004), and reduced with esmolol (13.0±3.8°;
P
<0.001) and Sp
o
2
normalization (12.8±3.4°;
P
<0.001). Moreover, esmolol+normalized Sp
o
2
lowered twist further than esmolol alone (10.5±3.1°;
P
=0.036). There was no mechanics-derived evidence of endocardial dysfunction with hypoxia at sea level or high altitude.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest LV twist is augmented in hypoxia via β
1
-AR–dependent and β
1
-AR–independent mechanisms (eg, α
1
-AR stimulation), but does not appear to reflect endocardial dysfunction.
A Social Movement in First Person Singular: The Colours of the “Colourful Revolution” in North Macedonia
Authors: Rizankoska Josipa , Trajkoska Jasmina
Published: May 2019

The true identity of the Colourful Revolution in North Macedonia was subject to contrasting public discourses. The authors provide a combined descriptive and micro-level empirical analysis, based on an original dataset, to prove that the Colourful Revolution complies with the essential elements of a social movement. They elaborate the main features of its collective identity by focusing on the perceptions of its participants (567 protesters were surveyed). A firm campaign for resignation of the executive government and for free judicial processes of the criminal charges for high-level political figures was detected. The Colourful Revolution’s repertoire contained calls for freedom, justice and solidarity, and the movement demonstrated strong unity beyond its internal social, ethnic and party diversity. The Colourful Revolution’s successful horizontal organization relied mostly on the internet, but the opposition political parties also played an important role in the processes of mobilization and endurance through time.
Population Control of Free-Ranging Dogs in Turkey: Never Kill Strategy
Authors: Salgirli Demirbas Yasemin , Saral Begum , Safak C. Etkin , Graça Da Pereira Gonçalo
Published: May 2019

Turkey is one of the developing countries facing a serious free-ranging dog problem. Although the Catch, Neuter, Vaccinate, Return (CNVR) method has been implemented in shelters since 2004, the population of free ranging dogs continues to increase. In this review, Turkey’s control strategy for free-ranging dog population, its effectiveness and other factors affecting free-ranging dog control are discussed.
The aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the "Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna" National Park (Central Italy)
Authors: CIANFERONI FABIO , MAZZA GIUSEPPE
Published: May 2019

We provide the first checklist of the aquatic Heteroptera of the “Foreste Casentinesi, M. Falterona e Campigna” National Park, located on the Apennines between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. We list 31 species, representing the 28% of the aquatic Hemiptera present in Italy. We summarize data on Gerromorpha (14 spp.), Nepomorpha (13 spp.) and water-dependent Leptopodomorpha (4 spp.) of this protected area, reporting for each species all sampling data.
Flea weevils of the genus Synorchestes Voss (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Rhamphini), with description of a second species from India
Authors: AYRI SHALOO , KOJIMA HIROAKI , RAMAMURTHY V. V.
Published: May 2019

A second species of Synorchestes Voss, S. indicus sp. nov. is described from India. The species is a gall maker on Persea bombycina (King ex Hook.f) Kosterm. (Lauraceae), a very unusual habit among Rhamphini reported here for the first time. Synorchestes grisescens Voss genitalia is illustrated and a key to the two species is provided.
Two new dwarfgobies from the Southwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Eviota)
Authors: GREENFIELD DAVID W. , WINTERBOTTOM RICHARD
Published: May 2019

Two species of Eviota with red or orange bars crossing the body, a bifurcated 4th pelvic-fin ray with two long branches,and lacking many or all cephalic sensory-canal pores are described from Palau, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Eviotajewettae has a dorsal/anal fin-ray formula of 8/8, 98% of the specimens lack all cephalic sensory-canal pores, 2–4 lowerpectoral-fin rays branched; non-filamentous dorsal-fin spines; short tubular anterior nares that are not black and are lessthan ½ pupil diameter in length, and five wide bars across the body. Eviota pinocchioi has a dorsal/anal fin-ray formulaof 9/8, always lacks the POP and IT pores and the PITO and AITO pores are fused in about 50% of the specimens, un-branched pectoral-fin rays, males with filamentous dorsal-fin spines, tubular anterior nares black and very long, almost equal to the pupil diameter, and six narrow bars across body.
Description of the male of Lasiotheus Paclt, 1963, its implication in Atelurinae supra-generic taxonomy and keys for the genera (Insecta: Zygentoma)
Authors: MENDES LUIS F.
Published: May 2019

The male is described by the first time for Lasiotheus Paclt, 1963 (Nicoletiidae: Atelurinae) upon a sample of L. nanus (Escherich, 1903) obtained in Gabon, from where the genus was previously unknown. The real independence of Lasiotheus relatively to Gastrotheus Casey, 1890 s.s. and to Pseudogastrotheus Mendes, 2003 (all previously considered under Gastrotheus Casey, 1890) is reinforced. Five tribes are recognized in Nicoletiidae (Atelurinae), characterized on morphological characteristics shared by groups of genera: Atelurini Remington, 1954, Atopatelurini n. tribe, Dinatelurini n. tribe, Dionychellini n. tribe and Grassiellini n. tribe. Identification keys are proposed to the ca. 70 genera today known in the subfamily.
Revision of Nanophareus, a mysterious harvestman genus from Chile, with descriptions of three new species (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae)
Authors: HARA MARCOS RYOTARO , PINTO-DA-ROCHA RICARDO , KURY ADRIANO BRILHANTE
Published: May 2019

The Chilean genus Nanophareus Roewer, 1929 is revised and three new species are described: N. araucanus sp. nov. (typelocality: Parque Nacional La Campana, Valparaíso, Chile); N. bipartitus sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional La Cam-pana, Valparaíso, Chile); N. bosqenublado sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, Coquimbo, Chile). Thetype species, N. palpalis Roewer, 1929, is redescribed and a lectotype is designated. A cladistic analysis was performedusing these three new species plus N. palpalis and 14 more laniatorid species, and a data matrix of 72 characters: Sevenfrom the ocularium, 22 from the dorsal scutum, one from the venter, one from the chelicera, eight from the pedipalp, 24from male legs, and nine from male genitalia. Two equally most parsimonious trees were found (L = 210; C.I. = 0.41; R.I.= 0.51). Nanophareus was recovered as nested within a paraphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. The genus Nanophareus wasfound to be monophyletic based on the following exclusive synapomorphies: An external row of enlarged tubercles in-serted among small ones on lateral margin of the dorsal scutum (innapplicable in N. bosqenublado); the ventro-basal mar-gin of pedipalpal tibia curved 90 degrees in lateral view; and retrolateral seta of the pedipalpal tibia with a socket apically bifid (socket and seta longer than pedipalpal tibia length).
Taxonomic status of the enigmatic salamander Cryptotriton adelos (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) from northern Oaxaca, Mexico, with observations on its skull and postcranial skeleton
Authors: WAKE DAVID B. , ROVITO SEAN M. , MAISANO JESSICA A. , HANKEN JAMES
Published: May 2019

Papenfuss and Wake (1987) described a new species of plethodontid salamander from northern Oaxaca, Mexico, which they named Nototriton adelos. The species was assigned to Nototriton primarily on the basis of its similarity to members of that widespread genus, which as then constituted ranged from Oaxaca, Mexico, to east-central Costa Rica. At that time, Nototriton had no unique synapomorphies but rather included diminutive species that could be excluded from membership in all other genera. Wake and Elias (1983), who erected Nototriton, acknowledged that the genus might eventually be shown to be paraphyletic, but they were unable to further resolve the phylogeny with information then available. The original description of N. adelos was based on the holotype and three paratypes; in the subsequent 25 years, despite many futile attempts, only one additional specimen of this species has been discovered: UTAVC A-3956, the largest known specimen, a female, 25.6 mm snout-vent length, from near the type locality.
A new species of Stereocyclops Cope (Anura, Microhylidae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: CARAMASCHI ULISSES , DE OLIVEIRA LULA SALLES RODRIGO , CRUZ CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVES
Published: May 2019

A new species of Stereocyclops is described from the Zona da Mata Regional Airport (21o 31’S, 43o 11’W; 408 m a.s.l.),Municipality of Goianá, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Stereocyclops palmipes sp. nov. is characterized by itsmedium size (SVL 43.7–48.5 mm in males; SVL 48.4–56.7 mm in females); in males, large, numerous dermal spinesconcentrated in the inferior border of mandible, forming a band; dermal spines scattered on ventral surfaces of body, arms,fingers, legs, toes, and pericloacal region of males, and agglomerate only in pericloacal region and ventral surfaces of thighs infemales; fringes and interdigital membranes of toes developed; color pattern composed by two mid-dorsal, poorly defined, dark brown stripes from the inguinal regions to head, passing on the occipital dermal fold and reaching the upper eyelid.
Microphysogobio nudiventris, a new species of gudgeon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang (Yangtze River) basin, Hubei Province, South China
Authors: JIANG ZHONG-GUAN , GAO ER-HU , ZHANG E
Published: May 2019

Microphysogobio nudiventris, new species, is described from the Du-He, a tributary flowing into the Han-Jiang of themiddle Chang-Jiang (Yangtze River) basin, in Zhushan County, Hubei Province, South China. It belongs in theincompletely scaled group of this genus, but differs from all other species of this group except M. yaluensis, M. rapidus,and M. wulonghensis in the presence of a scaleless midventral region of the body extending more than two-thirds of thedistance from the pectoral-fin insertion to the pelvic-fin insertion. This new species differs from M. yaluensis in theslightly concave or straight distal edge of the dorsal fin, interorbital width, and snout length; from M. rapidus in thenumber of perforated scales on the lateral line and number of pectoral-fin rays, and the placement of the anus; and fromM. wulonghensis in having the two lateral lobes of the lower lip posteromedially disconnected, the shape of the median mental pad of the lower lip, and the number of circumpeduncular scales.
Preface
Authors: ARMBRUSTER JONATHAN W. , PAGE LAWRENCE M. , MAYDEN RICHARD L.
Published: May 2019

(Preface)
Redescription of Schistura myrmekia (Fowler 1935) (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: SINGER RANDAL A. , PAGE LAWRENCE M.
Published: May 2019

Schistura myrmekia (Fowler 1935) was originally described from a single specimen collected from Keng Sok,southwestern Thailand. It was differentiated from a similar species, S. desmotes (Fowler 1934), by having four—ratherthan three—dark bands behind the dorsal fin, and the presence of a wart-like suborbital flap. Although S. myrmekia hassince been placed in the synonymy of S. desmotes, it is distinguishable by the size and orientation of the suborbital flap,a much shorter maxillary barbel, and a more slender appearance. The holotype, the only known specimen of S. myrmekia,is redescribed and contrasted with other species of Schistura in southern Thailand. Schistura myrmekia is known onlyfrom the holotype, collected in an area that recently has been highly modified by human activities. Recent efforts to find the species have failed, and it is probably extinct.
Phylogenetic placements of the barbin genera Discherodontus, Chagunius, and Hypselobarbus in the subfamily Cyprininae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) and their relationships with other barbins
Authors: YANG LEI , HIRT M. VINCENT , SADO TETSUYA , ARUNACHALAM M. , MANICKAM RAJA , TANG KEVIN L. , SIMONS ANDREW M. , WU HSIN-HUI , MAYDEN RICHARD L. , MIYA MASAKI
Published: May 2019

The barbin genera Discherodontus Rainboth 1989, Chagunius Smith 1938 and Hypselobarbus Bleeker 1860 are distrib-uted in Southeast and South Asia and are among the least studied taxa of the order Cypriniformes. Few morphologicalstudies have been conducted on these genera and only a very limited number of morphological characters were employedto hypothesize or infer their monophyly, inter-relationships, and relationships with other barbins. The main aim of thisstudy is to examine the monophyly of these three genera and propose hypothesis of relationship among these taxa andother barbins based on a molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Cyprininae. A total of 106 cypriniform species were sam-pled, including 64 species and 31 genera of barbins collected from Eurasia and Africa. Partitioned maximum likelihoodanalysis was performed using DNA sequences derived from five mitochondrial genes (5601 bp): cytochrome c oxidasesubunit I (COI), cytochrome b (Cyt b), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 (ND4) and subunits5 (ND5). The resulting phylogeny demonstrates that, under current taxon sampling, Discherodontus, Chagunius, andHypselobarbus are all monophyletic genera. Together they do not form a monophyletic group, as hypothesized in previousstudies, but are instead part of three distinct and unrelated clades. Discherodontus constitutes the basal lineage of a cladeformed by Southeast Asian barbins (e.g. Poropuntius, Hypsibarbus, Balantiocheilos); Chagunius is basal to a cladeformed mainly by Puntius and allies (although this relationship was only weakly supported); Hypselobarbus and Barbuscarnaticus formed a clade sister to a clade including Tor, Neolissochilus, Labeobarbus, and Varicorhinus. Homoplasy andshared plesiomorphy of some hypothesized important morphological characters employed in previous studies that led researchers to hypothesize earlier relationships are discussed.
A new genus and species of the tribe Apameini from the Russian Far East (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Xyleninae)
Authors: KONONENKO V. S. , МАТОV A. JU.
Published: May 2019

A new genus Minigrapta gen. n. (type-species Xanthograpta basinigra Sugi, 1982) and new species Minigrapta minimoides sp. n. of the tribe Apameini are described from the Primorye territory, Russia. The species described as Xanthograpta basinigra Sugi, 1982 is transferred from Acontiinae (sensu auctorum) to the subfamily Xyleninae, tribe Apameini; the new combination Minigrapta basinigra Sugi, 1982 comb. n. is proposed. The adults and genitalia are illustrated for these and allied species.
Two new chiggers of the genus Xinjiangsha (Acari: Trombiculidae) and a key to species of the genus
Authors: KALÚZ STANISLAV , KOVÁČIK JÁN
Published: May 2019

Two new chigger mites Xinjiangsha rychliki sp. nov. and Xinjiangsha stekolnikovi sp. nov. (Acari: Trombiculidae) aredescribed on the basis of single specimens. The larva of Xinjiangsha rychliki sp. nov. was captured by pitfall trap in Turkey(host unknown) and Xinjiangsha stekolnikovi sp. nov. was collected from the ears of Chionomys gud (Satunin) in Caucasus. The key to the known Xinjiangsha species is also presented.
Redescription of the damsel-dragonfly Parafleckium senjituense on the basis of a more complete specimen (Odonata: Isophlebioptera: Campterophlebiidae)
Authors: LI YONGJUN , NEL ANDRÉ , REN DONG , PANG HONG
Published: May 2019

Parafleckium senjituense Li et al., 2012 is of great importance to clarify the phylogeny of the superfamily Isophlebioidea, as it has several significant structures considered as typical of either Campterophlebiidae or Isophlebiidae (Li et al. 2012). But the established genus and species was based on forewings only. We describe a new specimen, allowing precise description of some other important characters, especially those of the male hindwing. On the basis of this specimen, the diagnosis of Parafleckium senjituense is amended.
The crickets of genus Zvenella Gorochov, 1988 (Gryllidae: Podoscirtinae) from China
Authors: MA LIBIN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: May 2019

Three species of genus Zvenella from China are reviewed and the species Zvenella acutangulata Xia, Liu & Yin, 1991 is redescribed and illustrated. Three additional new species, Zvenella scalpratus sp. nov., Zvenella aequalis sp. nov. and Zvenella decussatus sp. nov., are described and reported from Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China.
Linkages between the South and East Asian Monsoon Water Vapor Transport during Boreal Summer
Authors: Liu Yong , Huang Ronghui
Published: May 2019

This study provides a water vapor transport (WVT) perspective on the linkages between the South Asian and East Asian summer monsoons (SASM and EASM) and indicates two robustly coupled modes of the vertical integrated WVT (VIWVT) over the two monsoons that accounts for above 90% of the total squared covariance fraction. The first coupled mode [singular value decomposition mode 1 (SVD1 mode)] depicts a meridional linkage between the meridional dipole VIWVT anomalies over both the SASM and EASM, while the second coupled mode (SVD2 mode) illustrates a zonal connection of an anomalous cyclonic/anticyclonic VIWVT over the SASM and a zonal wavelike VIWVT over the EASM. The SVD1 mode is linked through the anomalous subtropical high over the western North Pacific (WNPSH) and is primarily associated with the transition phase of El Niño/La Niña (ENSO) and simultaneous Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) SST warming/cooling. The meridional connection of the VIWVT in the SVD1 mode experienced a clear intensification since the late 1970s that may be attributed to the strengthened impacts of the ENSO/IOBM on the EASM and SASM after the late 1970s. The SVD2 mode is connected by the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern and related to the developing phase of ENSO and summer North Atlantic tripole (NAT) SST anomalies. The zonal VIWVT connection in SVD2 mode is strongly modulated by the SASM–CGT connections and reveals significant weakening since the late 1970s but reintensifies after the early 1990s. This may be associated with the weakened ENSO–SASM relationship after the late 1970s and interdecadal decreasing of the all Indian summer rainfall since the early 1990s.
Hydroclimate Responses over Global Monsoon Regions Following Volcanic Eruptions at Different Latitudes
Authors: Zuo Meng , Zhou Tianjun , Man Wenmin
Published: May 2019

Understanding the influence of volcanic eruptions on the hydroclimate over global monsoon regions is of great scientific and social importance. However, the link between the latitude of volcanic eruptions and related hydroclimate changes over global monsoon regions in the last millennium remains inconclusive. Here we show divergent hydroclimate responses after different volcanic eruptions based on large sets of reconstructions, observations, and climate model simulation. Both the proxy and observations show that Northern Hemispheric (Southern Hemispheric) monsoon precipitation is weakened by northern (southern) and tropical eruptions but is enhanced by the southern (northern) eruptions. A similar relationship is found in coupled model simulations driven by volcanic forcing. The model evidence indicates that the dynamic processes related to changes in atmospheric circulation play a dominant role in precipitation responses. The dry conditions over the Northern Hemisphere (Southern Hemisphere) and global monsoon regions following northern (southern) and tropical eruptions are induced through weakened monsoon circulation. The wet conditions over Northern Hemispheric (Southern Hemispheric) monsoon regions after southern (northern) eruptions are caused by the enhanced cross-equator flow. We extend our model simulation analysis from mean state precipitation to extreme precipitation and find that the response of the extreme precipitation is consistent with that of the mean precipitation but is more sensitive over monsoon regions. The response of surface runoff and net primary production is stronger than that of precipitation over some submonsoon regions. Our results imply that it is imperative to consider the potential volcanic eruptions at different hemispheres in the design of near-term decadal climate prediction experiments.
Completion Rates, Adverse Effects, and Costs of a 3-Month and 9-Month Treatment Regimen for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in California Inmates, 2011-2014
Authors: Wheeler Charlotte , Mohle-Boetani Janet
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

In California, about 80% of tuberculosis disease is caused by untreated latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and the rate of LTBI is higher among incarcerated persons (16%) than among nonincarcerated persons (6%). We compared 2 regimens to treat LTBI in an adult prison population in California: 9 months of twice-weekly isoniazid (9H; previous standard of care) and 12 once-weekly doses of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP; introduced in 2011).

Methods:

We evaluated the rates of completion and discontinuation caused by hepatotoxicity among randomly selected patients with LTBI prescribed the 9H regimen in 2011 and among patients with LTBI prescribed the 3HP regimen who entered California prisons during September 2013–March 2014. We compared the cost per fully treated patient for the 2 regimens.

Results:

Of 92 patients treated with the 9H regimen, the treatment completion rate was 42% and discontinuation due to hepatotoxicity was 14%. Of 122 patients who accepted the 3HP regimen, the completion rate was 90% and discontinuation due to hepatotoxicity was 2%. The cost per fully treated patient for the 9H regimen was $981 and for 3HP was $652.

Conclusions:

In an incarcerated population, the 3HP regimen had a higher completion rate, lower hepatotoxicity, and lower cost per fully treated patient than the 9H regimen. If coupled with a high treatment initiation rate, the high rate of LTBI treatment completion with 3HP may contribute to reducing tuberculosis morbidity in California.
Linkages Between Incarceration and Health
Authors: Massoglia Michael , Remster Brianna
Published: May 2019

The dramatic expansion of the US penal system during the past 4 decades has led to an increase in adverse health conditions that affect an unprecedented number of individuals. This article first provides an overview of the literature on the immediate and lasting associations between incarceration and physical health, highlighting the diverse health conditions linked with incarceration, including health functioning, infectious disease, chronic conditions, and mortality. Next, we discuss potential explanations for the associations between incarceration and these health conditions, focusing on stress, contagion, social integration, and reintegration challenges. We then consider how medical and social science research can be combined to advance our understanding of these health conditions and suggest ways to reduce the negative association between incarceration and health, such as by improving prison conditions and medical care both inside prisons and after release.
The Nature and Operation of Structural Sin: Additional Insights from Theology and Moral Psychology
Authors: Kelly Conor M.
Published: May 2019

Recent work has improved the understanding of social structures in theological discourse, but ambiguity persists with respect to structures of sin. Here, a revised definition of structural sin reconnects this concept with its theological roots, adding clarity to the nature of structural sin and strengthening the moral weight of the term. Parallels with fMRI research in the field of moral psychology then refine the existing account of the operation of structural sin. Together, these insights aid in the identification of structures of sin and improve efforts to combat their influence.
Stepping toward a Synodal Church
Authors: Osheim Amanda C.
Published: May 2019

In his address commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the institution of the Synod of Bishops, Pope Francis expressed hope for a more synodal church. Consulting recent theological literature aids the discovery of potential—if only partial—steps towards a synodal church in three areas: spiritualities and structures of discernment; theological methodologies; and ecumenical gifts of synodality.
Jacques Dupuis and Chalcedon
Authors: Yenson Mark
Published: May 2019

This article reexamines Jacques Dupuis’s distinction between the action of the Word as such and the action of the Word incarnate. Against recent critics, I argue that Dupuis’s Christology is compatible with Chalcedon as interpreted by Leo the Great. I suggest ways in which this Leonine christological approach needs corrective amplification, particularly regarding the unity of Christ and the action of Christ in his risen humanity.
‘White flight’ in Milan: School segregation as a result of home-to-school mobility
Authors: Cordini Marta , Parma Andrea , Ranci Costanzo
Published: May 2019

The paper aims to show how and to what extent the system of compulsory education in Milan is affected by social and ethnic segregation. We argue that, despite being guided by the general criteria of universal access and equality of treatment, not only do Milan’s schools fail to counter socio-economic inequalities and differentiation along ethnic lines in an effective manner, but they actually tend to amplify and entrench them. We begin with a theoretical discussion of the main factors contributing to school segregation and a general overview of Italy’s compulsory education system. This is followed by a presentation of the empirical case of Milan, analysing social and ethnic segregation of children of primary school age (i.e. 6–10 years) by place of residence and school of enrolment. As a clear gap emerges between the ‘natural’ and the ‘actual’ school composition, our analytical focus then shifts to home-to-school mobility as an expression of parental choice. We show that 56% of all students in Milan do not enrol at local state schools and this is due to two main phenomena: families choosing private schools and families moving within the state school system. The analysis of these movements makes it possible to identify avoidance dynamics (i.e., in which disadvantaged or ethnic areas are avoided), as well as incoming mobility towards private schools and state schools located in affluent areas or with a lower intake of pupils of non-Italian ethnic backgrounds.
Neurovascular coupling during optogenetic functional activation: Local and remote stimulus-response characteristics, and uncoupling by spreading depression
Authors: Böhm Maximilian , Chung David Y , Gómez Carlos A , Qin Tao , Takizawa Tsubasa , Sadeghian Homa , Sugimoto Kazutaka , Sakadžić Sava , Yaseen Mohammad A , Ayata Cenk
Published: May 2019

Neurovascular coupling is a fundamental response that links activity to perfusion. Traditional paradigms of neurovascular coupling utilize somatosensory stimulation to activate the primary sensory cortex through subcortical relays. Therefore, examination of neurovascular coupling in disease models can be confounded if the disease process affects these multisynaptic pathways. Optogenetic stimulation is an alternative to directly activate neurons, bypassing the subcortical relays. We employed minimally invasive optogenetic cortical activation through intact skull in Thy1-channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice, examined the blood flow changes using laser speckle imaging, and related these to evoked electrophysiological activity. Our data show that optogenetic activation of barrel cortex triggers intensity- and frequency-dependent hyperemia both locally within the barrel cortex (>50% CBF increase), and remotely within the ipsilateral motor cortex (>30% CBF increase). Intriguingly, activation of the barrel cortex causes a small (∼10%) but reproducible hypoperfusion within the contralateral barrel cortex, electrophysiologically linked to transhemispheric inhibition. Cortical spreading depression, known to cause neurovascular uncoupling, diminishes optogenetic hyperemia by more than 50% for up to an hour despite rapid recovery of evoked electrophysiological activity, recapitulating a unique feature of physiological neurovascular coupling. Altogether, these data establish a minimally invasive paradigm to investigate neurovascular coupling for longitudinal characterization of cerebrovascular pathologies.
‘A Cracked Sheet-Glass Mirror’: Conditions of Collaboration at the 1945 P.E.N. All-India Writers’ Conference
Authors: Nunes Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This article examines how P.E.N., an organisation born in imperial Britain, endeavoured in some cases and floundered in others to create conditions for collaboration between Indian and British writers. Drawing on the P.E.N. archives at the Harry Ransom Center (HRC), I examine communication among and between Indian and British writers in P.E.N.'s orbit during the World War II era and leading up to the Indian Independence Act of 1947. As a forum for collaboration among writers internationally not only to develop writing and editing projects together, but also to forge a unifying conception for the modern era of the relationship between literature and political freedom, P.E.N. aimed to create opportunities for exchange among Indian and British writers. Analysing Indian writers' articulation of the necessary conditions for cross-imperial collaboration, I consider how mutuality was compromised under political conditions of imperialism hinging on hierarchal notions of culture.
Theodicy in an ironical sense: The Joban Wager and the portrait of folly
Authors: Aimers Geoff John
Published: May 2019

A case is made for the sophistication of the prose of the Job Prologue. The issue of theodicy in Job is then re-investigated by looking at paratactic elements in the Divine Wager. Three aspects of the Divine wager are probed: (1) Use of Virtual Quotations; (2) The demands on credulity of a ‘Tall Tale’, where one would have it that the system of retributive justice be suspended just so that the suffering of one extra-ordinary individual need not reflect on his punishment due to sin; and (3) Prophetic Discernment: the spectre of a false vision report where the heavenly council scene is a canard. It is concluded that the real issue in Job is not theodicy per se but the folly of raging against God so as to absolve oneself of sin (Prov. 19:3). Thus, Job and the Friends represent a composite portrait of human folly in the manner of the Wisdom Literature. Job is linked to the deterioration of the fool depicted in Proverbs.