bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ideological divide in public perceptions of self-driving cars
Authors: Peng Yilang
Published: May 2020

Applications in artificial intelligence such as self-driving cars may profoundly transform our society, yet emerging technologies are frequently faced with suspicion or even hostility. Meanwhile, public opinions about scientific issues are increasingly polarized along the ideological line. By analyzing a nationally representative panel in the United States, we reveal an emerging ideological divide in public reactions to self-driving cars. Compared with liberals and Democrats, conservatives and Republicans express more concern about autonomous vehicles and more support for restrictively regulating autonomous vehicles. This ideological gap is largely driven by social conservatism. Moreover, both familiarity with driverless vehicles and scientific literacy reduce respondents’ concerns over driverless vehicles and support for regulation policies. Still, the effects of familiarity and scientific literacy are weaker among social conservatives, indicating that people may assimilate new information in a biased manner that promotes their worldviews.
Truth and consequences? Reconceptualizing the politics of exposure
Authors: Stampnitzky Lisa
Published: May 2020

Secrecy, especially state secrecy, has taken on increasing interest for scholars of international relations and security studies. However, even with interest in secrecy on the rise, there has been little explicit attention paid to exposure. The breaking of secrecy has generally been relegated to the role of a mere ‘switch’, whose internal workings and variations are of little consequence. This article argues that exposure is a significant process in its own right, and introduces a new conceptualization of exposure as a socially and politically constructed process, one that must be ‘thickly described’ if we are to understand how it occurs and has effects. I differentiate the process of exposure into two distinct aspects, reserving the concept of exposure to refer to releases of information, while introducing the concept of revelation to refer to a collective recognition that something has been exposed. The first part of the article explores existing understandings of secrecy and exposure to demonstrate why a new framework is needed, while the second part applies this framework to a case study of the exposure of the use of torture in the post-9/11 US ‘war on terror’.
The implementation of child rights in healthcare services
Authors: Yigitbas Cagla , Top Fadime Ustuner
Published: May 2020

Background:

Hospitalized children have the right to “partake in practices related to their treatment and care.” Midwives and nurses have important roles and responsibilities regarding the protection and enforcement of these rights, such as providing information and advocating for children.

Objectives:

This study aims to determine the attitudes of midwives and nurses toward their roles and responsibilities in the implementation of child rights in healthcare services and the factors affecting their attitudes.

Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study included 122 midwives and nurses in total. The data were collected through a questionnaire.

Ethical considerations:

Written permission was obtained from an ethics committee in the center of the city where the research was conducted.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 36.70 ± 8.03 years; 58.9% of midwives and nurses stated that they understood the child’s consent about the treatment by looking at the child’s facial expression; 36% of midwives and nurses stated that children could not participate in decisions regarding their own health. It was observed that obtaining the child’s consent in matters related to treatment does not make any difference between midwives and nurses. The rate of the midwives stating that they would report suspicious violence-neglect and abuse was found to be higher.

Conclusion:

The variables of the unit of employment, the state of having children, choosing the profession and practicing in it willingly, and getting training on children’s rights make a difference in terms of children’s rights in healthcare services. Midwives and nurses should be reminded of child rights in healthcare services through regular in-service training programs.
Optimizing patient selection for treatment-free remission
Authors: Rausch Caitlin R , Paul Shilpa
Published: May 2020

The advent of BCR–ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Life expectancy for patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia now nears that of the healthy population; however, optimal outcomes require continuous tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration, which can impact patient quality of life. Consequently, the concept of treatment-free remission has been explored in patients achieving and sustaining a deep molecular response. Heterogeneous data exist with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, nilotinib is currently the only therapy that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment-free remission. The decision to pursue treatment-free remission is one that relies heavily on both patient- and disease-related factors. Herein, we will discuss relevant considerations to be made when determining an optimal candidate for treatment-free remission.
Engage for Equity: Development of Community-Based Participatory Research Tools
Authors: Parker Myra , Wallerstein Nina , Duran Bonnie , Magarati Maya , Burgess Ellen , Sanchez-Youngman Shannon , Boursaw Blake , Heffernan Amanda , Garoutte Justin , Koegel Paul
Published: May 2020

We developed a set of four community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership tools aimed at supporting community–academic research partnerships in strengthening their research processes, with the ultimate goal of improving research outcomes. The aim of this article is to describe the tools we developed to accomplish this goal: (1) the River of Life Exercise; (2) a Partnership Visioning Exercise; (3) a personalized Partnership Data Report of data from academic and community research partners; and (4) a Promising Practices Guide with aggregated survey data analyses on promising CBPR practices associated with CBPR and health outcomes from two national samples of CBPR projects that completed a series of two online surveys. Relying on Paulo Freire’s philosophy of praxis, or the cycles of collective reflection and action, we developed a set of tools designed to support research teams in holding discussions aimed at strengthening research partnership capacity, aligning research partnership efforts to achieve grant aims, and recalling and operationalizing larger social justice goals. This article describes the theoretical framework and process for tool development and provides preliminary data from small teams representing 25 partnerships who attended face-to-face workshops and provided their perceptions of tool accessibility and intended future use.
Comparing perturbation models for evaluating stability of neuroimaging pipelines
Authors: Kiar Gregory , de Oliveira Castro Pablo , Rioux Pierre , Petit Eric , Brown Shawn T , Evans Alan C , Glatard Tristan
Published: May 2020

With an increase in awareness regarding a troubling lack of reproducibility in analytical software tools, the degree of validity in scientific derivatives and their downstream results has become unclear. The nature of reproducibility issues may vary across domains, tools, data sets, and computational infrastructures, but numerical instabilities are thought to be a core contributor. In neuroimaging, unexpected deviations have been observed when varying operating systems, software implementations, or adding negligible quantities of noise. In the field of numerical analysis, these issues have recently been explored through Monte Carlo Arithmetic, a method involving the instrumentation of floating-point operations with probabilistic noise injections at a target precision. Exploring multiple simulations in this context allows the characterization of the result space for a given tool or operation. In this article, we compare various perturbation models to introduce instabilities within a typical neuroimaging pipeline, including (i) targeted noise, (ii) Monte Carlo Arithmetic, and (iii) operating system variation, to identify the significance and quality of their impact on the resulting derivatives. We demonstrate that even low-order models in neuroimaging such as the structural connectome estimation pipeline evaluated here are sensitive to numerical instabilities, suggesting that stability is a relevant axis upon which tools are compared, alongside more traditional criteria such as biological feasibility, computational efficiency, or, when possible, accuracy. Heterogeneity was observed across participants which clearly illustrates a strong interaction between the tool and data set being processed, requiring that the stability of a given tool be evaluated with respect to a given cohort. We identify use cases for each perturbation method tested, including quality assurance, pipeline error detection, and local sensitivity analysis, and make recommendations for the evaluation of stability in a practical and analytically focused setting. Identifying how these relationships and recommendations scale to higher order computational tools, distinct data sets, and their implication on biological feasibility remain exciting avenues for future work.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of cholecystoduodenostomy sites in six cats
Authors: DeJesus Antonia A , Penninck Dominique G , Webster Cynthia RL
Published: May 2020

Case series summary

This case series describes the postoperative ultrasonographic findings in six cats that underwent a cholecystoduodenostomy as treatment for extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The surgery site was identified in all six cats, most often within the right cranial abdomen as a thick-walled gall bladder, with a broad-based connection to the descending duodenum. Postoperatively, the biliary tree often remained distended, similar to its preoperative appearance. Recurrent extrahepatic biliary obstruction was suspected in three cats with worsening hyperbilirubinemia. Common bile duct distension was progressive in one of these cats and unchanged in another, but improved in the third. Intrahepatic bile duct distension resolved in one cat following surgery but reappeared with suspected recurrent biliary obstruction. In two cats, progressive echogenic biliary contents were associated with locally aggressive cholangiocarcinoma. Our findings suggest that in cats with cholecystoduodenostomy and progressive increases in hyperbilirubinemia following surgery, progressive or recurrent biliary distension and/or progressive echogenic biliary contents should prompt further investigation.

Relevance and novel information

Biliary diversion surgery in cats is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The ultrasonographic appearance of a postoperative cholecystoduodenostomy site has not been described, making differentiation of the expected appearance from postoperative abnormalities difficult. The goal of this study was to determine the expected ultrasonographic appearance, in order to assist in managing cats with recurrent, persistent or worsening clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities following surgery.
Chemical composition and source characterization of PM10 in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Khanum Fatima , Chaudhry Muhammad Nawaz , Skouteris George , Saroj Devendra , Kumar Prashant
Published: May 2020

This study aims to assess the physicochemical characteristics of the particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) at both congested and non-congested areas of Lahore, the second-largest city of Pakistan. PM10 samples from 10 urban sites in Lahore were analysed for source apportionment. The techniques of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were used to determine the morphology and the chemical composition of PM10. Thirteen elements including toxic metals were consequently detected and quantified: Ca (48.1%), Zn (17.0%), Fe (13.3%), Al (8.2%), Mg (6.6%), Pb (5.5%), Mn (0.4%), Cu (0.3%), Ba (0.17%), Cd (0.15%), Ni (0.04%), Cr (0.01%) and Co (0.008%). The results showed that the daily PM10 concentration was 6%–9% higher than the World Health Organization’s guideline values at all urban sites of Lahore. The congested sites showed higher contents than the non-congested areas for most of the elements, including Cd (41.8%), Cr (35.0%), Zn (19.7%), Cu (12.7%), Ni (6.2%), Ca (3.4%), Ba (1.2%), Mg (1.2%) and Al (0.07%). The non-congested areas showed higher contents only for Pb (0.07%) and Co (4.3%). The principal component analysis indicated that 72% of PM10 originates from road dust and vehicular sources, and 38% from industrial sources.
Embedding, quoting, or paraphrasing? Investigating the effects of political leaders’ tweets in online news articles: The case of Donald Trump
Authors: Dumitrescu Delia , Ross Andrew R N
Published: May 2020

Journalists frequently turn to Twitter for quotes from elite and non-elite sources to include within their online news articles. While recent research has found that including posts from ordinary people can influence news consumers’ issue perceptions, there is limited research on the impact of including politicians’ posts. We conduct two similar survey experiments, with Republican and Democrat respondents, to test the relative impact of including Donald Trump’s tweets in a news article either in embedded format, quoted in plain text, or quoted in paraphrased format. Among Republicans, embedded tweets were unique in eliciting positive emotions which mediated higher ratings of Donald Trump’s warmth and competence. Among Democrats, no significant differences were elicited by tweet format on perceptions of Trump. However, Democrats rated articles containing verbatim Trump tweets as significantly lower in journalistic quality. Results are discussed in relevance to journalist–politician power relations and perceptions of journalistic quality.
“Discipline that hurts”: Punitive logics and governance in sport
Authors: Kennedy Liam , Silva Derek
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we undertake a case study of the National Hockey League’s supplementary discipline regime to reflect on the ways in which discourses about social harm are configured, taken up and used in the sporting landscape and how they reflect and reify narrow understandings of crime and punishment. We find that the hockey world employs predictable crime and justice metaphors when discussing on-ice violence and suggest this breeds fear and legitimates governance strategies. The National Hockey League’s supplemental discipline process itself—much like penality away from the rink—is characterized by multiple, sometimes contradictory, objectives. Notably, the league responsibilizes players, long endorsing or accepting vigilantism, refusing to enact structural changes, and compelling players themselves to create a safe workplace. This regime has contributed to financial struggles, chronic physical and mental health issues, and the early deaths of a host of former players.
Attempt of estimating flow characteristics from wall heat fluxes measured using a three-point micro-electro-mechanical systems sensor
Authors: Dejima Kazuhito , Nakabeppu Osamu
Published: May 2020

In this study, it was attempted to estimate the flow characteristics in the vicinity of an engine inner wall from the instantaneous local heat fluxes measured using a micro-electro-mechanical systems sensor. As the sensor has three resistance temperature detectors with a size of 315 µm fabricated on a circumference with a diameter of 900 µm in rotational symmetry, it can measure local heat flux on the equivalent scale of the turbulence of in-cylinder flow. The advective velocity and turbulent eddy scale were estimated from heat flux fluctuations using a cross-correlation analysis, and these were compared with results of particle image velocimetry performed under motored operation conditions. As a result, it was found that the micro-electro-mechanical systems sensor has the potential to detect the gas side information such as the wall parallel flow velocity. Although further verification of the physical meanings of the estimated characteristics is necessary, the micro-electro-mechanical systems sensor will become a powerful tool for engine diagnostics.
Ethics and the Gospel of John: Toward an Emerging New Consensus?
Authors: Skinner Christopher W.
Published: May 2020

For decades the scholarly consensus held that the Fourth Gospel was either devoid of ethics or that its ethical material was narrow, exclusive, and sectarian. In recent years, that consensus has begun to show signs of wear. This article examines the more recent turn to ‘implied’ ethics by looking at four English-language books on the subject published in the past four years. This examination is undertaken with a view to tracing a newly emerging consensus, which holds that (1) the Gospel of John has ethical material, and (2) that material must be taken seriously by those reflecting on ancient ethical systems in general and New Testament ethics in particular. Further, the emerging consensus holds that the implied ethics of the Fourth Gospel, far from being strictly sectarian, are useful for reflecting on and/or constructing models of normative Christian behavior.
Normativity in Realist Legitimacy
Authors: Cross Ben
Published: May 2020

Political realists reject the view that politics is applied morality. But they also usually claim that judgements about political legitimacy are normative. Where, then, does this normativity come from? So far, realists have given two answers: ‘concessive realism’, which identifies legitimacy as a norm internal to political practice while delegating to morality the task of explaining why this practice is valuable; and ‘naturalist realism’, which holds that alternatives to legitimate politics are not ‘real options’ for anyone. I argue that concessive realism should be rejected because it neglects the importance of the realist critique of morality. I also argue that naturalist realism should be rejected because alternatives to legitimate politics remain ‘real options’ for some people. I conclude with some thoughts on how a plausible account of the normative force of realist legitimacy should proceed.
Assessment of the relation between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and the severity and complexity of peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Süleymanoğlu Muhammed , Burak Cengiz , Gümüşdağ Ayça , Yesin Mahmut , Rencüzoğulları İbrahim , Karabağ Yavuz , Çağdaş Metin , Çap Murat
Published: May 2020

Background

Peripheral arterial disease is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. C-reactive protein and albumin are biomarkers of inflammation and malnutrition that play key roles in the pathophysiological pathways involved in the progression of atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and the suprapopliteal peripheral arterial disease severity and complexity as assessed by TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus-II (TASC-II) classification.

Method

Our study enrolled 224 consecutive patients referred for peripheral angiography with the clinical features of possible peripheral arterial disease at a tertiary care center between January 2016 and September 2019. Level of disease and lesion characteristics were defined with reference to angiographic findings according to the TASC-II classification.

Results

C-reactive protein/albumin ratio levels were significantly higher in TASC-II class C and D than in TASC-II class B patients with a median level of 1.8 to 2.1 vs 1.4, respectively ( p = 0.018). In multivariate regression analysis, C-reactive protein to albumin ratio remained an independent predictor of severe peripheral arterial disease. The predictive performance of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio, C-reactive protein, and albumin were compared by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. C-reactive protein to albumin ratio surpassed C-reactive protein and albumin in predicting peripheral arterial disease severity and complexity. A level of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio  > 0.14 predicted a higher grade of suprapopliteal TASC-II class with sensitivity and specificity of 68.2% and 56.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio was strongly associated with peripheral arterial disease severity and complexity, as assessed by TASC-II classification. Also, C-reactive protein to albumin ratio was found to be a more accurate marker than C-reactive protein and albumin alone in predicting more severe and complex lesions in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular cancer patients especially with >5 cm tumors, treated by liver transplantation
Authors: Ince Volkan , Carr Brian I. , Bag Harika Gozukara , Koc Cemalettin , Usta Sertac , Ersan Veysel , Baskiran Adil , Sahin Tevfik Tolga , Yilmaz Sezai
Published: May 2020

Background

Serum AFP levels are typically elevated in less than 50% of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels have been suggested to be a potentially useful HCC biomarker.

Aims

To assess in a cohort of prospectively evaluated HCC patients who underwent liver transplant and whose survival was known; the occurrence, prognosis, and clinical characteristics of patients with elevated serum GGT levels.

Results

Serum GGT levels were found to be elevated in a higher proportion in patients with either small or large HCC than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and were significantly related to prognosis in patients with large size HCCs. There was no clear correlation between GGT and AFP levels, likely reflecting different HCC characteristics or HCC cell lineages associated with these two markers. Furthermore, elevated GGT was found in 24% of low-AFP patients with small tumors and 46% with large tumors. Elevated GGT levels were also significantly associated with microvascular invasion and tumor diameter.

Conclusions

Elevated serum GGT levels were associated with HCC size and worse survival, and were unrelated to AFP levels. GGT may be a useful prognostic tumor marker, especially for low-AFP HCC patients.
The evolution of TIF: transoral incisionless fundoplication
Authors: Ihde Glenn M.
Published: May 2020

Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) was introduced in 2006 as a concerted effort to produce a natural orifice procedure for reflux. Since that time, the device, as well as the procedure technique, has evolved. Significant research has been published during each stage of the evolution, and this has led to considerable confusion and a co-mingling of outcomes, which obscures the results of the current device and procedure. This report is intended to review the identified stages and literature associated with each stage to date and to review the current state of treatment outcomes.
European Defence After Brexit: A Plus or a Minus?
Authors: Shea Jamie
Published: May 2020

The departure of the UK from the EU is taking place at a time when the Union is ramping up its own ambitions in the field of security and defence. The EU is pursuing the goal of strategic autonomy to make itself a more influential actor on the world stage. It has initiated a number of programmes, such as Permanent Structured Cooperation and the European Defence Fund, with the aim of spending its defence euros more productively. These European initiatives may well drive the UK further away from the EU as they embody the very integration that had driven the UK to distance itself from the Continent in the first place. Yet this article will argue that the EU still needs to engage the important military capabilities of the UK to be successful in its new ventures and that the UK will also be exposed to many of the security threats that will keep the EU busy in the future.
Using Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) to Conduct Environmental Design Research: A Primer and Decision Framework
Authors: Joseph Anjali , Browning Matthew H. E. M. , Jiang Shan
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

We propose a methodological framework to use immersive virtual environments (IVEs) in head-mounted displays for environmental design research.

Background:

IVEs offer researchers with experimental control and realistic representations of environments with high levels of ecological validity. IVEs are also increasingly being used to visualize proposed designs. Despite these tremendous benefits, IVEs are underutilized in environmental design research. We are unaware of preexisting frameworks that synthesize the methodological decisions related to the use of IVEs to conduct environmental design research.

Methods/Results:

We define the concepts necessary to conduct IVE research (virtual reality [VR], IVEs, ecological validity, visual realism, behavioral realism, and contextual realism). We also summarize the available study designs (correlational studies, experimental studies, and performance evaluations) and software systems used to create IVEs. We conclude with a conceptual framework that describes how research questions and study designs inform IVE selection and ecological validity. This framework is accompanied by a workflow that operationalizes the creation and use of IVEs in research.

Conclusions:

VR provides a robust and innovative research strategy for environmental design research because of its high degree of experimental control, rich data collection options, and opportunities for systematic evaluation of alternative design configurations.
Effects of metformin in obesity treatment in different populations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pu Ruiyang , Shi Dian , Gan Ting , Ren Xiaoyu , Ba Yupei , Huo Yanbei , Bai Yana , Zheng Tongzhang , Cheng Ning
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Some studies have shown that metformin can reduce body weight. However, metformin has not been officially approved as a medicine for weight loss because its effect on different populations remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the weight loss effect of metformin quantitatively.

Method:

The randomized controlled and high-quality case-control trials of metformin monotherapy in obesity treatment were eligible. Baseline body mass index (BMI) was chosen as a self-control to compare the changes in BMI of different populations before and after treatment. All changes were calculated as differences between the final and initial BMI values (with negative values indicating a decrease). Results were presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI 95%). Subgroup analysis was performed based on baseline BMI, age, daily dose, and duration of medication.

Results:

A total of 21 trials ( n = 1004) were included, and the meta-analysis of metformin treatment in different populations showed that metformin has a modest reduction in the BMI of included participants (WMD −0.98; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.72), and the reduction of BMI was most significant in the simple obesity population (WMD −1.31; 95% CI, −2.07 to −0.54). The subgroup analysis showed that metformin treatment significantly reduced BMI in obesity patients with a BMI >35kg/m2 (WMD −1.12; 95% CI, −1.84 to −0.39) compared with before treatment. BMI in the high dose group decreased by 1.01 units (WMD−1.01; 95% CI, −1.29 to −0.73) and BMI did not continue to decrease significantly after treatment of more than 6 months.

Conclusion:

Patients treated with metformin experienced about a one-unit reduction in BMI at the end of treatment. But whether this decreased value produced enough weight loss (5% of baseline body weight) to qualify as a “weight loss drug” as current guidelines require, requires larger specific randomized control trials.
Betadine-Soaked Alcohol Pad and Rigid Immobilization: An Inexpensive and Effective Method to Diminish Infections With Exposed Kirschner Wires in Hand Fractures
Authors: Lovy Andrew J. , Levy Isaiah , Keswani Aakash , Hausman Michael R.
Published: May 2020

This study describes a novel method of pin care with a Betadine-soaked alcohol pad in conjunction with immobilization to reduce pin site complications in hand fractures treated with exposed Kirschner wires (K-wires). We conducted a retrospective review of all phalangeal and metacarpal fractures from 2010 to 2016 treated with K-wire fixation, a Betadine-soaked alcohol pad, and immobilization in a well-moulded plaster cast. A total of 155 patients with metacarpal or phalangeal fractures were identified, of which 149 were included with 164 fractures treated with 217 exposed K-wires. Overall complication rate was 6.1% (10/164), of which 3 fractures (1.8%) developed infections. Two infections occurred in patients with a history of organ transplantation. The most common complication was stiffness requiring closed manipulation under anesthesia (2.4%, 4/164), resulting in full range of motion in 3 of 4 patients. Exposed K-wires remain an effective method of hand fracture fixation associated with a low complication rate.
Poorly Differentiated Breast Adenocarcinoma as a Rare Cause of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Compression: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Long Ashleigh , Marik Paul
Published: May 2020

Metastatic cancer that involves the structures of the heart is a rare complication and most commonly diagnosed during postmortem examination. Classically, the development of secondary tumors involves invasion of the pericardium or the myocardium and may disrupt the cardiac conduction system, causing new arrhythmias and heart failure. In this article, we present the case of a 58-year-old female with new diagnosis of ventricular bigeminy, and evidence of cardiac tamponade physiology from direct compression of the right ventricular outflow tract from high-grade carcinoma of the left breast. As oncologic therapies advance and provide more life-prolonging options to patients, recognition of the mass effect of large tumors should be recognized.
Whose Responsibility Is It Anyway? Exploring Barriers to Prevention of Oral Diseases across Europe
Authors: Leggett H. , Csikar J. , Vinall-Collier K. , Douglas G.V.A.
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Dental caries, gum disease, and tooth loss are all preventable conditions. However, many dental care systems remain treatment oriented rather than prevention oriented. This promotes the treatment of oral diseases over preventive treatments and advice. Exploring barriers to prevention and understanding the requirements of a paradigm shift are the first steps toward delivering quality prevention-focused health care.

Objectives:

To qualitatively explore perceived barriers and facilitators to oral disease prevention from a multistakeholder perspective across 6 European countries.

Methods:

A total of 58 interviews and 13 focus groups were undertaken involving 149 participants from the United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Hungary. Interviews and focus groups were conducted in each country in its native language between March 2016 and September 2017. Participants were patients ( n = 50), dental team members ( n = 39), dental policy makers( n = 33), and dental insurers ( n = 27). The audio was transcribed, translated, and analyzed via deductive thematic analysis.

Results:

Five broad themes emerged that were both barriers and facilitators: dental regulation, who provides prevention, knowledge and motivation, trust, and person-level factors. Each theme was touched on in all countries; however, cross-country differences were evident surrounding the magnitude of each theme.

Conclusion:

Despite the different strengths and weaknesses among the systems, those who deliver, organize, and utilize each system experience similar barriers to prevention. The findings suggest that across all 6 countries, prevention in oral health care is hindered by a complex interplay of factors, with no particular dental health system offering overall greater user satisfaction. Underlying the themes were sentiments of blame, whereby each group appeared to shift responsibility for prevention to other groups. To bring about change, greater teamwork is needed in the commissioning of prevention to engender its increased value by all stakeholders within the dental system.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The results from this study provide an initial first step for those interested in exploring and working toward the paradigm shift to preventive focused dentistry. We also hope that these findings will encourage more research exploring the complex relationship among dental stakeholders, with a view to overcoming the barriers. In particular, these findings may be of use to dental public health researchers, dentists, and policy makers concerned with the prevention of oral diseases.
A New Method for Measuring Glenoid Version on Standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Maister Nicholas J. , Hely Andrew , Twycross Liam G. , Gill Stephen D. , Page Richard S.
Published: May 2020

Background

The most effective method and modality for measuring glenoid version for different shoulder conditions is uncertain. Computed tomography (CT) imaging exposes the patient to radiation, and standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not consistently image the entire scapula. This study investigates the reliability of a new method for assessing glenoid version using routine shoulder MRI.

Methods

MRI images of 20 patients undergoing arthroscopy for shoulder instability were independently assessed by 3 clinicians for osseous and chondrolabral glenoid version. To assess glenoid version, a line was drawn from medial corner of the glenoid body to midpoint of the glenoid face. A line perpendicular to this was the reference against which to measure glenoid version. Measurements were repeated after 3 months to assess intra- and interobserver reliability. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results

Interclass correlation coefficients showed at least good reliability for most estimates of intraobserver reliability (ICC ≥ .66) and excellent reliability for most estimates of interobserver reliability (ICC ≥ .84), with the exception of some inferior glenoid measurements where ICC was poor (ICC ≤.41).

Discussion

We propose that this new method of measuring glenoid on standard axial MRI can be used as a simple, practical, and reliable method in shoulder instability patients, which will reduce the requirement for CT in this group.
StatBreak: Identifying “Lucky” Data Points Through Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Rosenbusch Hannes , Hilbert Leon P. , Evans Anthony M. , Zeelenberg Marcel
Published: May 2020

Sometimes interesting statistical findings are produced by a small number of “lucky” data points within the tested sample. To address this issue, researchers and reviewers are encouraged to investigate outliers and influential data points. Here, we present StatBreak, an easy-to-apply method, based on a genetic algorithm, that identifies the observations that most strongly contributed to a finding (e.g., effect size, model fit, p value, Bayes factor). Within a given sample, StatBreak searches for the largest subsample in which a previously observed pattern is not present or is reduced below a specifiable threshold. Thus, it answers the following question: “Which (and how few) ‘lucky’ cases would need to be excluded from the sample for the data-based conclusion to change?” StatBreak consists of a simple R function and flags the luckiest data points for any form of statistical analysis. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with simulated and real data across a range of study designs and analyses. Additionally, we describe StatBreak’s R function and explain how researchers and reviewers can apply the method to the data they are working with.
Thrombosis in patients with myeloma treated in the Myeloma IX and Myeloma XI phase 3 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bradbury Charlotte A. , Craig Zoe , Cook Gordon , Pawlyn Charlotte , Cairns David A. , Hockaday Anna , Paterson Andrea , Jenner Matthew W. , Jones John R. , Drayson Mark T. , Owen Roger G. , Kaiser Martin F. , Gregory Walter M. , Davies Faith E. , Child J. Anthony , Morgan Gareth J. , Jackson Graham H.
Published: May 2020

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but data are lacking from large prospective cohorts. We present thrombosis outcome data from Myeloma IX (n = 1936) and Myeloma XI (n = 4358) phase 3 randomized controlled trials for NDMM that treated transplant-eligible and transplant-ineligible patients before and after publication of thrombosis prevention guidelines. In Myeloma IX, transplant-eligible patients randomly assigned to cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (CVAD) induction had higher risk of VTE compared with patients treated with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (CTD) (22.5% [n = 121 of 538] vs 16.1% [n = 89 of 554]; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR],1.46; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.11-1.93). For transplant-ineligible patients, those randomly assigned to attenuated CTD (CTDa) induction had a higher risk of VTE compared with those treated with melphalan and prednisolone (MP) (16.0% [n = 68 of 425] vs 4.1% [n = 17 of 419]; aHR, 4.25; 95% CI, 2.50-7.20). In Myeloma XI, there was no difference in risk of VTE (12.2% [n = 124 of 1014] vs 13.2% [n = 133 of 1008]; aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.72-1.18) or arterial thrombosis (1.2% [n = 12 of 1014] vs 1.5% [n = 15 of 1008]; aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.37-1.70) between transplant-eligible pathways for patients treated with cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (CRD) or CTD. For transplant-ineligible patients, there was no difference in VTEs between attenuated CRD (CRDa) and CTDa (10.4% [n = 95 of 916] vs 10.7% [n = 97 of 910]; aHR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73-1.29). However, arterial risk was higher with CRDa than with CTDa (3.1% [n = 28 of 916] vs 1.6% [n = 15 of 910]; aHR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.02-3.57). Thrombotic events occurred almost entirely within 6 months of treatment initiation. Thrombosis was not associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS), apart from inferior OS for patients with arterial events (aHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08) in Myeloma XI. The Myeloma XI trial protocol incorporated International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) thrombosis prevention recommendations and compared with Myeloma IX, more patients received thromboprophylaxis (80.5% vs 22.3%) with lower rates of VTE for identical regimens (CTD, 13.2% vs 16.1%; CTDa, 10.7% vs 16.0%). However, thrombosis remained frequent in spite of IMWG-guided thromboprophylaxis, suggesting that new approaches are needed.
Multimodal warning design for take-over request in conditionally automated driving
Authors: Yun Hanna , Yang Ji Hyun
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Humans are required to respond to a vehicle’s request to take-over anytime even when they are not responsible for monitoring driving environments in automated driving, e.g., a SAE level-3 vehicle. Thus, a safe and effective delivery of a take-over request from an automated vehicle to a human is critical for the successful commercialization of automated vehicles.

Methods

In the current study, a set of human-in-the-loop experiments was conducted to compare diverse warning combinations by applying visual, auditory, and haptic modalities under systematically classified take-over request scenarios in conditionally automated driving. Forty-one volunteers consisting of 16 females and 25 males participated in the study. Vehicle and human data on response to take-over request were collected in two take-over scenarios, i.e., a disabled vehicle on the road ahead and a highway exit.

Results

Visual-auditory-haptic modal combination showed the best performance in both human behavioral and physiological data and visual-auditory warning in vehicle data. Visual-auditory-haptic warning combination showed the best performance when considering all performance indices. Meanwhile, visual-only warning, which is considered as a basic modality in manual driving, performed the worst in the conditionally automated driving situation.

Conclusions

These findings imply that the warning design in automated vehicles must be clearly differentiated from that of conventional manual driving vehicles. Future work shall include a follow-up experiment to verify the study results and compare more diverse multimodal combinations.
Retraction Note: Ultrasound versus temporal artery biopsy in patients with Giant cell arteritis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zou Quan , Ma Sumei , Zhou Xinghu
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Work- and stress-related musculoskeletal and sleep disorders among health professionals: a cross-sectional study in a hospital setting in Switzerland
Authors: Hämmig Oliver
Published: May 2020

Background

Musculoskeletal and sleep disorders have been reported to be very common among health care and hospital workers and particularly nurses. They are assumed or found to be a result of psychological stress and/or physical strain or pain. However, no other study so far – at least in a hospital setting and for Switzerland – has considered and investigated musculoskeletal as well as sleep disorders in consequence of or rather in association with both physical workload and psychological stress.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey data of 1232 health professionals were used and analysed. Data were collected in 2015/16 among the health care workforces of three public hospitals and two rehabilitation clinics in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Musculoskeletal and sleep disorders were assessed by three items taken from the Swiss Health Survey, a 2-item measure of accumulated low back, back, neck and shoulder pain and a single-item measure of problems in getting to sleep or sleeping through. Stratified and adjusted bivariate logistic and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to calculate measures of association (adjusted odds ratios, z-standardized beta coefficients), to control for potential confounders, and to compare different health professions (nurses, physicians, therapists, other).

Results

Almost every fourth of the studied health professionals reported severe or even very severe musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and nearly every seventh severe sleep disorders (SDs). These prevalence rates were significantly or at least slightly higher among nurses than among physicians and other health care workers. General stress, work stress, physical effort at work, and particularly a painful or tiring posture at work were found to be clear and strong risk factors for MSDs, whereas only general and work-related stress were found to be significantly associated with SDs. There was no or only weak association between MSDs and SDs.

Conclusions

This study found MSDs to be largely a result of physical workload or rather poor posture at work and only secondarily a consequence of (general) stress, whereas SDs were revealed to be primarily a consequence of stress on and particularly off the job. Preventive strategies therefore have to differentiate and combine measures for the reduction of both psychological stress and physical strain.
Rotavirus infection in children in Southeast Asia 2008–2018: disease burden, genotype distribution, seasonality, and vaccination
Authors: Lestari Fajar Budi , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Poovorawan Yong
Published: May 2020

Background

Rotaviruses (RVs) are recognized as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children worldwide. Here we summarize the virology, disease burden, prevalence, distribution of genotypes and seasonality of RVs, and the current status of RV vaccination in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) from 2008 to 2018.

Methods

Rotavirus infection in Children in Southeast Asia countries was assessed using data from Pubmed and Google Scholars. Most countries in Southeast Asia have not yet introduced national RV vaccination programs. We exclude Brunei Darussalam, and Timor Leste because there were no eligible studies identified during that time.

Results

According to the 2008–2018 RV surveillance data for Southeast Asia, 40.78% of all diarrheal disease in children were caused by RV infection, which is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old in Southeast Asia. Mortality was inversely related to socioeconomic status. The most predominant genotype distribution of RV changed from G1P[8] and G2P[4] into the rare and unusual genotypes G3P[8], G8P[8], and G9P[8]. Although the predominat strain has changed, but the seasonality of RV infection remains unchanged. One of the best strategies for decreasing the global burden of the disease is the development and implementation of effective vaccines.

Conclusions

The most predominant genotype distribution of RV was changed time by time. Rotavirus vaccine is highly cost effective in Southeast Asian countries because the ratio between cost per disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is less than one. These data are important for healthcare practitioners and officials to make appropriate policies and recommendations about RV vaccination.
What is the impact of radical hysterectomy on endometrial cancer with cervical involvement?
Authors: Barquet-Muñoz Salim Abraham , Cantú-de-León David , Bandala-Jacques Antonio , González-Enciso Aarón , Isla-Ortiz David , Prada Diddier , Herrera Luis A. , Salcedo-Hernández R. A.
Published: May 2020

Background

When endometrial carcinoma invades the cervical stroma, overall survival and disease-free survival decrease. However, it is still controversial whether patients in suspected stage II should be treated with radical hysterectomy. The goal of this study is to describe the role of radical hysterectomy in patients with endometrial carcinoma and cervical involvement.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study were a total of 239 patients with endometrial carcinoma with cervical involvement from Mexico City’s National Cancer Institute were divided according to the type of hysterectomy, and the outcomes were compared using statistical analysis.

Results

The 5-year overall survival was 75.76% for the simple hysterectomy group and 89.19% for the radical hysterectomy group, without achieving statistical significance. The 5-year disease-free survival was 72.95% for the simple hysterectomy group and 64.31% for the radical hysterectomy group, without achieving statistical significance. Radicality was associated with longer surgical times, intraoperative complications, and bleeding over 500 ml.

Conclusions

In patients with endometrial carcinoma with cervical involvement, radical hysterectomy does not improve prognosis or alter adjuvant therapy.
Correction to: Characterization of immortalized human islet stromal cells reveals a MSC-like profile with pancreatic features
Authors: Villard Orianne , Armanet Mathieu , Couderc Guilhem , Bony Claire , Moreaux Jerome , Noël Daniele , De Vos John , Klein Bernard , Veyrune Jean-Luc , Wojtusciszyn Anne
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.