bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of energy‑absorbing and support characteristics of glass microsphere-filled steel tube columns under uniaxial compression
Authors: Ma Jia-hui , Sun Qiu-di , Liu Shun , Yang Xiao-bin
Published: February 2024

An innovative energy-absorbing and bearing structure was proposed, which incorporated the coupling of glass microspheres with a metal tube. Glass microsphere-filled steel tube (GMFST) column, consisting of external steel tube and inner glass microspheres, was expected to give full play to the energy-absorbing and load-bearing capacities of the particle while restricting particle flow from collapsing, thereby enhancing the overall structural strength. Four groups of steel tubes and the GMFST specimens were designed and subjected to axial compression tests at four different loading rates to investigate the performance of the structure. These tests aimed to analyze the deformation mode, mechanical response, and energy absorption capacity of the GMFST columns under quasi-static to low-speed compression conditions. The results indicated that the deformation process and failure mode of GMFST columns were similar to those of hollow steel tubes, albeit with a different post-buckling mode. Filling the steel tubes with glass microspheres reduced the load fluctuation range, moderated load–displacement curves, and exhibited a strain rate strengthening effect. The GMFST columns demonstrated superior energy absorption capacity, with significant increases in crush force efficiency, the averaged crush force, and the total absorbed energy, particularly in terms of subsequent support capacity. The load-increasing reinforcement properties enabled GMFST columns to overcome the limitations associated with the unstable post-buckling path of energy‑absorbing damping structure, exhibiting outstanding load-bearing performance and stability in the later stages. The results provided valuable guidelines for designing and engineering high-performance GMFST columns, serving as a new type of energy-absorbing and supporting structure.
Unveiling molecular mechanisms of pepper resistance to Phytophthora capsici through grafting using iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis
Authors: Shi Fengyan , Zhang Xi , Wang Zhidan , Wang Xiuxue , Zou Chunlei
Published: February 2024

Phytophthora blight severely threatens global pepper production. Grafting bolsters plant disease resistance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used P. capsici-resistant strain ‘ZCM334’ and susceptible strain ‘Early Calwonder’ for grafting. Compared to self-rooted ‘Early Calwonder’ plants, ‘ZCM334’ grafts exhibited delayed disease onset, elevated resistance, and reduced leaf cell damage, showcasing the potential of grafting in enhancing pepper resistance to P. capsici. Proteomic analysis via the iTRAQ technology unveiled 478 and 349 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the leaves and roots, respectively, between the grafts and self-rooted plants. These DEPs were linked to metabolism and cellular processes, stimulus responses, and catalytic activity and were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organizations, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Twelve DEPs exhibiting consistent expression trends in both leaves and roots, including seven related to P. capsici resistance, were screened. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed a significant correlation between the protein and transcript levels of DEPs after P. capsici inoculation. This study highlights the molecular mechanisms whereby grafting enhances pepper resistance to Phytophthora blight. Identification of key genes provides a foundation for studying the regulatory network governing the resistance of pepper to P. capsici.
Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRDCT): a new tool in cultural heritage and stone conservation for 3D non-destructive probing and phase analysis of inorganic re-treatments
Authors: Possenti Elena , Marinoni Nicoletta , Conti Claudia , Realini Marco , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Colombo Chiara
Published: February 2024

SR X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRDCT) was used to non-destructively analyse the effects of sequential inorganic-mineral re-treatments on decayed cultural heritage carbonatic stones. It offers new analytical perspectives for conservation science.
Red phosphorus encapsulated in 3D N-doped porous carbon nanofibers: an enhanced sodium-ion battery anode material
Authors: Chen Lin-Wei , Lu Nannan , Liu Fanfan , Shao Yu , Wang Lei
Published: February 2024

This sodium-ion battery anode design with red phosphorus in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers improves conductivity, mitigates expansion, and enhances performance.
A chiral bipolar host for efficient solution-processed circularly polarized OLEDs via a chirality energy transfer process
Authors: Dong Qiwei , He Binghong , Qiao Wenjian , Zhu Weiguo , Duan Pengfei , Wang Yafei
Published: February 2024

Chiral bipolar hosts of (R/S)-l-2mCPCN are synthesized, which show high S1/T1 energy levels and clear circularly polarized luminescence. Solution-processable CP-OLEDs based on such chiral hosts were achieved via a chirality energy transfer process.
Growth “self-inhibition” of irbesartan desmotrope: surface intra-annular tautomer inter-conversion is the culprit
Authors: Kang Xiang , Zhang Mingtao , Tang Weiwei , Gong Junbo
Published: February 2024

The dynamic intra-annular tautomerism on the surface (Path II) is essential for producing the “self-inhibited” growth phenomenon of irbesartan desmotrope.
Towards high performance and durable soft tactile actuators
Authors: Tan Matthew Wei Ming , Wang Hui , Gao Dace , Huang Peiwen , Lee Pooi See
Published: February 2024

This review assesses diverse strategies to enhance the actuation performance and durability of soft tactile actuators, enabling optimal functionality in real-world conditions.
Mitochondria-targeted ruthenium(ii) complexes for photodynamic therapy and GSH detection in living cells
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Chen Weibin , Fu Fengfu , Li Mei-Jin
Published: February 2024

Two novel Ru(ii) complexes were designed, synthesized and characterized. They were functionalized to achieve selective sensing of GSH in aqueous solutions. Probe Ru-2 can be used to detect cellular GSH and as a photosensitizer for mitochondria-targeted photo-induced therapy of cancer cells.
Contracting pore channels of a magnesium-based metal–organic framework by decorating methyl groups for effective Xe/Kr separation
Authors: Li Liangjun , Zhang Xu , Xu Wenli , Guo Mengwei , Liu Qingying , Li Fangru , Liu Tao , Xing Tao , Li Zhi , Wang Mingqing , Wu Mingbo
Published: February 2024

A new magnesium-based metal–organic framework with unprecedented short-chain secondary building units and ultra-micropore channels approaching the kinetic diameters of Xe is fabricated by decorating methyl groups on ligands.
TiO2-modified two-dimensional composite of nitrogen-doped molybdenum trioxide nanosheets as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Zhixin , Zhang Lixin , Jiu Hongfang , Liang Dong , Wang Congli , Song Wei , Yue Luchao , Che Sicong , Han Yuxin , Ma Jinfeng
Published: February 2024

TiO2 nanoparticles were attached to the surface of MoO3/NC nanosheets, providing more active sites for lithium ions and alleviating volume expansion. The TiO2@MoO3/NC anode shows excellent rate performance.
Amplified photomodulation of a bis(dithienylethene)-substituted phosphine
Authors: Sherstiuk Anastasiia , Villabona Marc , Lledós Agustí , Hernando Jordi , Sebastián Rosa María , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: February 2024

By connecting two dithienylethene photoswitches to the same phosphorus atom, amplified light-induced modulation of the electronic properties of a phosphine is achieved in situ upon photoisomerization.
Fatty acids and their metabolites (resolvins) are altered in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Authors: Joshi Nikita , Jadhav Anjali , Godhamgaonkar Aditi , Sundrani Deepali , Randhir Karuna , Pisal Hemalata , Wagh Girija , Krishnaveni Ghattu , Gupte Sanjay , Joshi Sadhana
Published: February 2024

Maternal fatty acids and placental resolvins (RvE1, RvD1 and RvD2) are altered in women with GDM. Maternal and placental fatty acids are associated with placental resolvins.
Polar coordinate active-matrix digital microfluidics for high-resolution concentration gradient generation
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Fu Jinxin , Du Maohua , Jin Kai , Huang Qi , Li Jiahao , Wang Dongping , Hu Siyi , Li Jinhua , Ma Hanbin
Published: February 2024

Advancing active-matrix digital microfluidics through polar coordinates for precise concentration gradients. Demonstrated with chip photography, concentration gradient solution demo, and efficiency comparison.
Optimal bilayer composites for temperature-tracking wireless electronics
Authors: Kim Doyoung , Kim Wooseok , Kim Jihwan , Lee Hee Kyu , Joo Janghoon , Kim Bogeun , Allen Mark G. , Lu Dengyang , Venkatesh Vishal , Huang Yanghang , Yu Ki Jun , Park Young-Jin , Kim Mu Kyung , Han Seungyong , Won Sang Min
Published: February 2024

The study presents a cost-effective temperature sensing solution by embedding wireless electronics in a multi-layered elastomeric composite, to concurrently mitigate thermal transience from air and maximize thermal conductivity from the skin.
Exploring the sensing potential of Fe-decorated h-BN toward harmful gases: a DFT study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Isa , Akber Muhammad Imtiaz , Gul Muhammad , ul ain Noor , Iqbal Tahir , Alarfaji Saleh S. , Mahmood Abid
Published: February 2024

Gas sensing technology has a broad impact on society, ranging from environmental and industrial safety to healthcare and everyday applications, contributing to a safer, healthier, and more sustainable world.
A wireless fluorescent flexible force sensor based on aggregation-induced emission doped liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Du Xiaoxue , Liu Yanjun , Zhao Dongyu , Gleeson Helen F. , Luo Dan
Published: February 2024

Flexible strain sensors have drawn a lot of interest in various applications including human mobility tracking, rehabilitation/personalized health monitoring, and human–machine interaction, but suffer from interference of electromagnetic (EM).
Optical limiting effects of 1,10-phenanthroline functionalized heterometallic Sn–Ti oxo clusters with distinct π⋯π interactions
Authors: Zhao Hui-Fang , Chen Wei-Zhou , Wang San-Tai , Chen Shumei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2024

Heterometallic Sn–Ti oxo clusters functionalized with conjugated 1,10-phenanthroline ligands have been prepared, which exhibit distinct optical bandgaps and optical limiting properties influenced by π⋯π interactions.
Persistent guaiazulene arylmethylium ions as electrophilic traps for metal enolates
Authors: Kisszékelyi Péter , Mudráková Brigita , Cigáň Marek , Šebesta Radovan
Published: February 2024

Guaiazulene-derived carbocations react with metal enolates. These reactions afford guaiazulene-containing carbonyl derivatives and reaction progress can be easily monitored by UV-Vis or fluorescence spectroscopy.
Controllable electronic properties, contact barriers and contact types in a TaSe2/WSe2 metal–semiconductor heterostructure
Authors: Nguyen Son T. , Cuong Q. Nguyen , N. Hieu Nguyen , Phuc H. V. , Nguyen Ch. V.
Published: February 2024

Herein, we design a metal–semiconductor heterostructure combining metallic TaSe2 and semiconducting WSe2 materials and investigate its atomic structure, electronic properties and controllable contact types using first-principles calculations.
Electronic structure and magnetothermal properties of two-dimensional ScCl
Authors: Wu Hao-Jia , Wang Dan , Geng Hua-Yun , Chen Xiang-Rong
Published: February 2024

The magnetothermal properties of two-dimensional ScCl are regulated based on carrier concentration and size effects.
Nitrate and nitroarene hydrogenations catalyzed by alkaline-earth nickel phosphide clathrates
Authors: Adamson Marquix A. S. , Wei Lin , Yox Philip , Hafiz Fatema H. B. , Vela Javier
Published: February 2024

Grinding and hydrogen-annealing activate ANi2P4 (A = Ba or Sr) clathrates toward the reduction of nitrate or nitroarenes. Activity and selectivity can be tuned based on the catalyst activation method, particle size, or acid used.
Engineering a zinc anode interphasial chemistry for acidic, alkaline and non-aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Ma Lin , Pollard Travis P. , Schroeder Marshall A. , Luo Chao , Zhang Ye , Pastel Glenn , Cao Longsheng , Zhang Jiaxun , Shipitsyn Vadim , Yao Yan , Wang Chunsheng , Borodin Oleg , Xu Kang
Published: February 2024

By employing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) pyrazole (TFMP) as an electrolyte additive in both aqueous and non-aqueous mediums, a versatile interphase strategy is achieved. This facilitates stable Zn anodes with improved efficiency and longer cycling life.
Correction: High performance LiMnFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 full cells by functionalized polymeric additives
Authors: Daigle Jean-Christophe , Rochon Sylviane , Asakawa Yuichiro , Fleutot Benoît , Mallet Charlotte , Amouzegar Kamyab , Zaghib Karim
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘High performance LiMnFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 full cells by functionalized polymeric additives’ by Jean-Christophe Daigle et al., Mater. Adv., 2021, 2, 253–260, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00679C.
Recent advancement in the synthesis of quinoline derivatives via multicomponent reactions
Authors: Mandal Arnab , Khan Abu Taleb
Published: February 2024

This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of various quinoline derivatives through a multi-component approach involving different types of catalysts and catalyst-free reactions.
A manganese-based catalyst system for general oxidation of unactivated olefins, alkanes, and alcohols
Authors: Verspeek Dennis , Ahrens Sebastian , Wen Xiandong , Yang Yong , Li Yong-Wang , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2024

An inexpensive MnCl2–picolinic acid catalyst with N-heterocyclic additives enables epoxidation of unactivated olefins, selective C–H oxidation of simple alkanes to ketones, and O–H oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide at ambient conditions.
Study on the electrodeposition of uranium in chloride molten salt
Authors: Wu Pei , Wang Liqin , Wang Jinrui , Luo Junhan , Lu Yuexiang , Song Xiaopeng , Liu Jilian , Qin Yongquan , Hou Liudong , Ma Jing
Published: February 2024

Pure UO2 was obtained with a recovery efficiency up to 97%. The system exhibited better removal of La with a decontamination factor as high as 119.
Introduction to polymer networks
Authors: Takeoka Yukikazu
Published: February 2024

Yukikazu Takeoka introduces the Soft Matter and Polymer Chemistry cross-journal themed collection on polymer networks.
Gallium–indium bimetal sites in the indium–gallium metal organic framework for efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into formate
Authors: Gao Yang , Xiao He , Ma Xiaofang , Yue Zhizhu , Liu Chunmei , Zhao Man , Zhang Li , Zhang Junming , Luo Ergui , Hu Tianjun , Lv Baoliang , Jia Jianfeng , Wu Haishun
Published: February 2024

In–Ga bimetal sites facilitate the initial adsorption and activation to *CO2− and adjust the surface electronic features, thus significantly promoting the favorable conversion of the adsorbed *OCHO intermediate toward formate.
4D printing for biomedical applications
Authors: Mandal Arkodip , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: February 2024

Schematic illustration of 4D printing.
PRODIGE – planet-forming disks in Taurus with NOEMA
Authors: Semenov D. , Henning Th. , Guilloteau S. , Smirnov-Pinchukov G. , Dutrey A. , Chapillon E. , Piétu V. , Franceschi R. , Schwarz K. , van Terwisga S. , Bouscasse L. , Caselli P. , Ceccarelli C. , Cunningham N. , Fuente A. , Gieser C. , Hsieh T.-H. , Lopez-Sepulcre A. , Segura-Cox D. M. , Pineda J. E. , Maureira M. J. , Möller Th. , Tafalla M. , Valdivia-Mena M. T.
Published: February 2024

Context. The physics and chemistry of planet-forming disks are far from being fully understood. To make further progress, both broad line surveys and observations of individual tracers in a statistically significant number of disks are required.

Aims. Our aim is to perform a line survey of eight planet-forming Class II disks in Taurus with the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA), as a part of the MPG-IRAM Observatory Program PRODIGE (PROtostars and DIsks: Global Evolution; PIs: P. Caselli and Th. Henning).

Methods. Compact and extended disks around T Tauri stars CI, CY, DG, DL, DM, DN, IQ Tau, and UZ Tau E are observed in ~80 lines from > 20 C-, O,- N-, and S-bearing species. The observations in four spectral settings at 210–280 GHz with a 1σ rms sensitivity of ~8–12 mJy beam−1 at a 0.9″ and 0.3 km s−1 resolution will be completed in 2024. The uv visibilities are fitted with the DiskFit model to obtain key stellar and disk properties.

Results. In this first paper, the combined 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2–1 data are presented. We find that the CO fluxes and disk masses inferred from dust continuum tentatively correlate with the CO emission sizes. We constrained dynamical stellar masses, geometries, temperatures, the CO column densities, and gas masses for each disk. The best-fit temperatures at 100 au are ~ 17–37 K, and decrease radially with the power-law exponent q ~ 0.05–0.76. The inferred CO column densities decrease radially with the power-law exponent p ~ 0.2–3.1. The gas masses estimated from 13CO (2–1) are ~0.001–0.2 M⊙.

Conclusions. Using NOEMA, we confirm the presence of temperature gradients in our disk sample. The best-fit CO column densities point to severe CO freeze-out in these disks. The DL Tau disk is an outlier, and has either stronger CO depletion or lower gas mass than the rest of the sample. The CO isotopologue ratios are roughly consistent with the observed values in disks and the low-mass star-forming regions. The high 13CO/C18O ratio of ~23 in DM Tau could be indicative of strong selective photodissociation of C18O in this disk.
The bright black hole X-ray binary 4U 1543–47 during the 2021 outburst: A thick accretion disk inflated by high luminosity
Authors: Zhao S. J. , Tao L. , Li P. P. , Soria R. , Feng H. , Zhang Y. X. , Ma R. C. , Zhang W. D. , Qiao E. L. , Yin Q. Q. , Zhang S. N. , Zhang L. , Bu Q. C. , Ma X. , Huang Y. , Ge M. Y. , Li X. B. , Chen L. , Zhao Q. C. , Peng J. Q. , Xiao Y. X.
Published: February 2024

The black hole X-ray binary source 4U 1543–47 experienced a super-Eddington outburst in 2021, reaching a peak flux of up to ∼1.96 × 10−7 erg cm−2 s−1 (∼8.2 Crab) in the 2−10 keV band. Soon after the outburst began, it rapidly transitioned into the soft state. Our goal is to understand how the accretion disk structure deviates from a standard thin disk when the accretion rate is near Eddington. To do so, we analyzed spectra obtained from quasi-simultaneous observations conducted by the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT), the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift). These spectra are well fitted by a model comprising a disk, a weak corona, and a reflection component. We suggest that the reflection component is caused by disk self-irradiation, that is by photons emitted from the inner disk that return to the accretion disk surface as their trajectories are bent by the strong gravity field. In this scenario, the best-fitting parameters imply that the reflected flux represents more than half of the total flux. Using general relativistic ray-tracing simulations, we show that this scenario is viable when the disk becomes geometrically thick, with a funnel-like shape, as the accretion rate is near or above the Eddington limit. In the specific case of 4U 1543–47, an angle ≳45 deg between the disk surface and the equatorial plane can explain the required amount of self-irradiation.
Cosmic evolution of radio-excess active galactic nuclei in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across 0 < z < 4
Authors: Wang Yijun , Wang Tao , Liu Daizhong , Sargent Mark T. , Gao Fangyou , Alexander David M. , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Zhou Luwenjia , Daddi Emanuele , Xu Ke , Kohno Kotaro , Jin Shuowen
Published: February 2024

Context. Radio-excess active galactic nuclei (radio-AGNs) are essential to our understanding of both the physics of black hole (BH) accretion and the interaction between BHs and host galaxies. Recent deep and wide radio continuum surveys have made it possible to study radio-AGNs down to lower luminosities and up to higher redshifts than previous studies, and are providing new insights into the abundance and physical origin of radio-AGNs.

Aims. Here we focus on the cosmic evolution, physical properties, and AGN-host galaxy connections of radio-AGNs selected from a total sample of ∼400 000 galaxies at 0 < z < 4 in the GOODS-N and COSMOS fields.

Methods. Combining the deep radio continuum data with multi-band, de-blended far-infrared, and submillimeter data, we were able to identify 983 radio-AGNs out of the entire galaxy sample through radio excess relative to the far-infrared–radio relation.

Results. We studied the cosmic evolution of 1.4 GHz radio luminosity functions (RLFs) for both star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio-AGNs, which can be well described by a pure luminosity evolution of L⋆ ∝ (1 + z)−0.34 × z + 3.57 and a pure density evolution of Φ⋆ ∝ (1 + z)−0.77 × z + 2.69, respectively. We derived the turnover luminosity, above which the number density of radio-AGNs surpasses that of SFGs. We show that this crossover luminosity increases with increasing redshifts, from 1022.9 W Hz−1 at z ∼ 0 to 1025.2 W Hz−1 at z ∼ 4. At the full redshift range of 0 < z < 4, we further derive the probability (pradio) of SFGs and quiescent galaxies (QGs) hosting a radio-AGN, as a function of stellar mass (M⋆), radio luminosity (LR), and redshift (z), which yields pradio ∝ (1+z)3.08 M⋆1.06 LR−0.77 for SFGs, and pradio ∝ (1+z)2.47 M⋆1.41 LR−0.60 for QGs, respectively.

Conclusions. The quantitative relation for the probabilities of galaxies hosting a radio-AGN indicates that radio-AGNs in QGs prefer to reside in more massive galaxies with higher LR than those in SFGs. The fraction of radio-AGN increases toward higher redshift in both SFGs and QGs, with a more rapid increase in SFGs.
The multiwavelength phase curves of small bodies
Authors: Alvarez-Candal Alvaro
Published: February 2024

Context. Small bodies change their brightness for different reasons: rotation along their axis or axes, combined with irregular shapes and/or changing surface properties, or changes in the observation geometry. We investigate the problem of phase curves, which show the change in brightness due to changes in the fraction of illuminated surface as seen by the observer.

Aims. We study the effect of the phase curves in the five wavelengths of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in scores of objects (several tens of thousands). We focus in particular on the spectral slopes and the colors and their changes with phase angle.

Methods. We used a Bayesian inference method and Monte Carlo techniques to retrieve the absolute magnitudes in five wavelengths. We used the results to study the phase-coloring effect in different bins of the semimajor axis.

Results. We obtained absolute magnitudes in the five filters for over 40 000 objects. Although some outliers are identified, most of the usual color–color space is recovered by the data we presented. We also detect a dual behavior in the spectral slopes, with a change at a ~ 5 deg.
Study of type II migration under the framework of the disk instability model for giant planet formation
Authors: Yang Jingxi , Jin Liping
Published: February 2024

Context. Hydrodynamic simulations of the migration of planets formed by gravitational instability suggest that after an initial phase of fast migration, planets can open gaps and continue to migrate on a type II migration timescale. The simulation time length is typically on the order of 104 yr.

Aims. We study the effects of the subsequent type II migration during the disk lifetime on the final orbital radii of planets.

Methods. We used a numerical disk model that follows the disk formation and evolution. The disk acquires mass through the mass influx from the collapse of its parent molecular cloud core. The model reflects the influence of the properties of the parent core on the disk. Considering clumps forming at different times in a disk and also in different disks with different parent core properties, we used the type II migration rate to follow the clump migration from the formation location. We studied the dependence of the clump migration on the properties of the parent core.

Results. The mass influx drag enhances the migration process. The duration and viscosity of gravitational instability, viscosity in the dead zone, and the collapse time of the parent core play important roles in planet migration. As the angular momentum and mass of the parent core increase, migration is enhanced. The final radius is sensitive to the initial radius. Clumps forming at large radii might migrate outward with the disk expansion.

Conclusions. Even though type II migration is slow, clumps can migrate over significant distances. A considerable proportion of clumps migrate to the central protostar via type II migration. Our calculations support the idea that the observed pile-up of planets at <0.3 AU is explained by a scenario where planets might form at large radii, then migrate to orbits of <0.3 AU, and halt by a stopping mechanism at this location.
MALS discovery of a rare H I 21 cm absorber at z ∼ 1.35: Origin of the absorbing gas in powerful active galactic nuclei
Authors: Deka P. P. , Gupta N. , Chen H. W. , Johnson S. D. , Noterdaeme P. , Combes F. , Boettcher E. , Balashev S. A. , Emig K. L. , Józsa G. I. G. , Klöckner H.-R. , Krogager J-. K. , Momjian E. , Petitjean P. , Rudie G. C. , Wagenveld J. , Zahedy F. S.
Published: February 2024

We report a new, rare detection of H I 21 cm absorption associated with a quasar (only six quasars are known at 1 < z < 2) toward J2339−5523 at zem = 1.3531, discovered through the MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS). The absorption profile is broad (∼400 km s−1 ), and the peak is redshifted by ∼200 km s−1 from zem. Interestingly, optical/far-UV spectra of the quasar from the Magellan-MIKE/HST-COS spectrographs do not show any absorption features associated with the 21 cm absorption, despite the coincident presence of the optical quasar and the radio core inferred from a flat-spectrum component with a flux density of ∼65 mJy at high frequencies (> 5 GHz). The simplest explanation would be that no large H I column (N(H I) > 1017 cm−2) is present toward the radio core and the optical active galactic nucleus. Based on the joint optical and radio analysis of a heterogeneous sample of 16 quasars (zmedian = 0.7) and 19 radio galaxies (zmedian = 0.4) with H I 21 cm absorption detection and matched in 1.4 GHz luminosity (L1.4 GHz), a consistent picture emerges according to which quasars primarily trace the gas in the inner circumnuclear disk and cocoon created by the interaction of the jet with interstellar medium. They (i.e., quasars) exhibit a L1.4 GHz – ΔVnull correlation and a frequent mismatch of the radio and optical spectral lines. The radio galaxies show no such correlation and likely trace the gas from the cocoon and the galaxy-wide interstellar medium outside the photoionization cone. The analysis presented here demonstrates the potential of radio spectroscopic observations to reveal the origin of the absorbing gas associated with active galactic nuclei that may be missed in optical observations.
ZPEKTR: A code for spectral synthesis of fast-rotating stars
Authors: Levenhagen Ronaldo S. , Curé Michel , Arcos Catalina , Diaz Marcos P. , Araya Ignacio , Amôres Eduardo B. , Turis-Gallo Daniela , Concha David
Published: February 2024

Context. Estimating the physical states of the surfaces of fast-rotating stars is challenging due to several intrinsic processes, which include radiative flux inhomogeneities on the photosphere induced by rotation and circumstellar signatures in their spectra. The analysis of their spectra ultimately requires the use of synthetic grids of spectra accounting for all these physical processes.

Aims. In this paper, we present the ‘von ZeiPEl’s code for gravity darKening specTRal synthesis’ (ZPEKTR) code, which is designed to perform the spectral synthesis of fast-rotating stars, accounting for gravity darkening, limb-darkening effects in the continuum and geometrical deformation induced by fast rotation.

Methods. We consider colatitudinal temperature and surface-gravity variations, assuming both the classical prescription developed by von Zeipel and the new formulation by Espinosa-Lara. The code runs either with a rectangular or a triangular mesh on the stellar surface. We compare the temperature and gravitational distribution as a function of the stellar latitude arising from both models.

Results. The line profiles of He I 4388, 4471, 4922, and 6678 Å produced with both formalisms are compared at three different rotation rates and illustrate differences in shape and central intensity. We also illustrate the fittings of 31 line spectra of classical Be stars averaged from the Be Stars Observation Survey (BeSOS) database and make a comparison among their apparent physical parameters and ages determined from plane-parallel non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE) models and parameters determined from classical von Zeipel models, finding a displacement of more evolved objects towards the zero-age main sequence. We also compare the distributions of projected rotation velocities of these objects obtained with and without the inclusion of gravity-darkening effects with ZPEKTR.

Conclusions. We observe a shift of the histogram of rotation velocities calculated accounting for effects of gravity darkening concerning rotation velocities obtained through the fittings with classical plane-parallel non-LTE models. We show that models that do not account for gravity darkening can underestimate the rotation velocity, because the stellar latitudes that contribute the higher velocities are those in the equator with the least radiative flux. We envisage near-future improvements to the code, such as the inclusion of differential rotation and treatment of tidal forces in binary stellar systems.
An atlas of resolved spectral features in the transmission spectrum of WASP-189 b with MAROON-X
Authors: Prinoth B. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Morris B. M. , Lam M. , Kitzmann D. , Sedaghati E. , Seidel J. V. , Lee E. K. H. , Thorsbro B. , Borsato N. W. , Damasceno Y. C. , Pelletier S. , Seifahrt A.
Published: February 2024

Exoplanets in the ultra-hot Jupiter regime provide an excellent laboratory for testing the impact of stellar irradiation on the dynamics and chemical composition of gas giant atmospheres. In this study, we observed two transits of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b with MAROON-X/Gemini-North to probe its high-altitude atmospheric layers, using strong absorption lines. We derived posterior probability distributions for the planetary and stellar parameters by calculating the stellar spectrum behind the planet at every orbital phase during the transit. This was used to correct the Rossiter–McLaughlin imprint on the transmission spectra. Using differential transmission spectroscopy, we detect strong absorption lines of Ca+, Ba+, Na, Hα, Mg, Fe, and Fe+, providing an unprecedented and detailed view of the atmospheric chemical composition. Ca+ absorption is particularly well suited for analysis through time-resolved narrow-band spectroscopy, owing to its transition lines formed in high-altitude layers. The spectral absorption lines show no significant blueshifts that would indicate high-altitude day-to-night winds, and further analysis is needed to investigate the implications for atmospheric dynamics. These high signal-to-noise observations provide a benchmark data set for testing high-resolution retrievals and the assumptions of atmospheric models. We also simulate observations of WASP-189 b with ANDES/ELT, and show that ANDES will be highly sensitive to the individual absorption lines of a myriad of elements and molecules, including TiO and CO.
La glutathionylation de la protéine mitochondriale humaine MIA40 régule l’homéostasie des ROS
Authors: Arab Razika , Sitolle Julie , Ziga Jessica , Golinelli-Cohen Marie-Pierre
Published: February 2024

Dans le cadre du module d’enseignement « Physiopathologie de la signalisation » proposé par l’université Paris-Saclay, les étudiants du Master « Biologie Santé » se sont confrontés à l’écriture scientifique. Ils ont sélectionné des articles scientifiques dans le domaine de la signalisation cellulaire présentant des résultats originaux, via des approches expérimentales variées, sur des thèmes allant de l’exploration des sites de contacts membranaires aux mécanismes moléculaires de la ferroptose, en passant par la signalisation hépatique et tumorale. Après un travail préparatoire réalisé avec l’équipe pédagogique, les étudiants, organisés en binômes/trinômes, ont ensuite rédigé, guidés par des chercheurs, une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité de l’article étudié. Ils ont beaucoup apprécié cette initiation à l’écriture d’articles scientifiques et, comme vous pourrez le lire, se sont investis dans ce travail avec enthousiasme !
Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine 2023 : Katalin Karikó et Drew Weissman
Authors: Dieu-Nosjean Marie-Caroline , Teillaud Jean-Luc
Published: February 2024

Le 2 octobre 2023, le prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine a été décerné à Katalin Karikó et Drew Weissman, tous deux professeurs à l’université de Pennsylvanie, pour leur « découverte concernant les modifications des nucléosides qui ont permis le développement de vaccins ARN efficaces contre le COVID-19 ». Le communiqué du comité Nobel indique que « grâce à leurs découvertes exceptionnelles qui ont changé radicalement notre compréhension des mécanismes par lesquels l’ARN messager interagit avec notre système immunitaire, ces deux lauréats ont contribué au développement, avec une rapidité sans précédent, d’un vaccin contre l’une des plus grandes menaces des temps modernes affectant la santé humaine ».
Retrograde Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Intractable Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina Injuries: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Chun Lin , ShakerKhavidaki SeyedMilad , Sitthinamsuwan Bunpot , Jirachaipitak Sukunya , Srirabheebhat Prajak
Published: February 2024

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) offers an alternative treatment for refractory pain resulting from various etiologies. Generally, SCS electrodes are inserted in an anterograde fashion, moving from caudal to rostral direction. However, there are instances where anterograde placement is unfeasible due to technical limitations. We present the use of retrograde surgical electrode placement in SCS for a patient with extensive epidural fibrosis at the site intended for electrode insertion. A 48-year-old female suffering from refractory neuropathic pain caused from injuries to the conus medullaris and cauda equina opted for SCS. During the SCS trial procedure, challenges emerged when attempting percutaneous electrode insertion at the site of a prior T12 laminectomy. However, the trial stimulation resulted in significant pain relief. For the permanent placement of the stimulator, utilizing a surgical electrode centered at T11 vertebral level, a considerable amount of epidural fibrosis was encountered at the entry of the spine, particularly at the T12 vertebral level. To avoid dural injury and ensure accurate electrode positioning, a retrograde technique for surgical electrode was employed via partial laminectomies at the T9-T10 level. The final electrode positioning was in accordance with the preoperative plan, well-centered at the T11 vertebral level. The patient experienced sustained relief from neuropathic pain over the long term. Retrograde epidural SCS is a suitable option for cases characterized by extensive epidural fibrosis resulting from a previous spinal surgery or when the anterograde placement of the electrode is unattainable due to aberrant vertebral anatomy.
Mirroring the heart-kidney relationship using organoids
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: February 2024

Improved organoid models can more accurately replicate the relationships between organs and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
Observation of enhanced epsilon-near-zero effects in resonant stratified media
Authors: Calpe Roman , Karvinen Petri , Pääkkönen Pertti , Ornigotti Marco , Caglayan Humeyra , Turunen Jari , Hakala Tommi K. , Koivurova Matias
Published: February 2024

Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials have gained recent interest due to their exotic optical properties, but their potential is limited by intrinsic material losses. Enhanced epsilon-near-zero (eENZ) materials are periodically stratified media consisting of alternating ENZ and dielectric layers. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication and optical characterization of 15-layer ENZ-dielectric thin film stack, wherein indium tin oxide functions as the ENZ material and titanium dioxide as the dielectric. We experimentally show the enhanced optical transmission of the structure over a bare ENZ film with similar thickness. Further, we display the giant polarization dependent optical response of the material, which is characterized by the narrowing from 56° to 14° in half-width at half-maximum of the transmission cone. These properties are physically attributed to guided-waves, Fabry–Pérot resonances, and Ferrell–Berreman plasmons within the film stack. The experimental realization of our material paves the way for devices utilizing eENZ-materials, such as coherence switchable lasers and light sources with directional emission.
An efficiently excited Eu3+ luminescent site formed in Eu,O-codoped GaN
Authors: Iwaya Takenori , Ichikawa Shuhei , Dierolf Volkmar , Mitchell Brandon , Austin Hayley , Timmerman Dolf , Tatebayashi Jun , Fujiwara Yasufumi
Published: February 2024

For the development of III-nitride-semiconductor-based monolithic micro-light-emitting diode (LED) displays, Eu,O-codoped GaN (GaN:Eu,O) is a promising material candidate for the red LEDs. The luminescence efficiency of Eu-related emission strongly depends on the local atomic structure of Eu ions. Our previous research has revealed that post-growth thermal annealing is an effective method for reconfiguring luminescent sites, leading to a significant increase in light output. We observed the preferential formation of a site with a peak at ∼2.004 eV by the annealing process. In this study, we demonstrate that it is a previously unidentified independent site (OMVPE-X) using combined excitation–emission spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. In addition, we perform excitation power-dependent photoluminescence measurements and show that this OMVPE-X site dominates the emission at a low excitation power region despite its small relative abundance, suggesting a high excitation efficiency. Most importantly, applying our annealing technique to an LED exhibits a reasonably increased electroluminescence intensity associated with OMVPE-X, confirming that this site has a high excitation efficiency also under current injection. These results demonstrate the importance of OMVPE-X as a notable luminescent site for brighter and more efficient GaN:Eu,O-based LEDs.
Design and theoretical study of new configuration of photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) solar collector
Authors: Morsli Abdelkader , Ali Amjad , AL-Zoubi Omar H. , Alzubaidi Laith H. , Shoja Sarah Jawad , Abdulhasan Maki Mahdi , Arjomandi Morteza
Published: February 2024

This study aims to compare how well different designs of combined photovoltaic-thermal collectors work in terms of electricity and heat production. One big benefit of photovoltaic-thermal collectors, compared to regular solar panels, is that they cool down the module and make it produce more electricity efficiently. In simple terms, using this method produces heat and electricity in a device, which means one needs less space to install the collector and module. In a recent study, scientists looked at how well different designs of a solar panel that is also used to generate heat performed. They tested using water to keep it cool. To study and understand how different shapes and sizes affect the performance of a solar panel, we used a computer program called MATLAB to create models of the panel. The research shows that the sheet and tube design with a round or rectangular shape is the most efficient in terms of heat and overall performance. Moreover, when a glass cover is present, it causes electricity to be less efficient while making heat efficiency and overall heat energy higher.
Spectral analysis of spin noise in an optically spin-polarized stochastic Bloch equation driven by noisy magnetic fields
Authors: Kim Minwoo M. , Lee Sangkyung
Published: February 2024

We theoretically analyze an optically spin-polarized collection of atoms, which serves as a basis for atomic sensors. Assuming that the intrinsic atomic spin projection noise is negligible, we provide the closed-form autocorrelation function and the power spectral density (PSD) of the solution to a noisy version of an optically pumped Bloch equation, wherein each component of the external magnetic field is subjected to white noise. We conclude that noise in the bias B-field direction does not affect the autocorrelation function, up to first order in white noise covariance amplitudes. Moreover, the noise terms for the remaining two axes make different contributions to the magnetic noise-driven spin PSD; in particular, the contribution corresponding to noises perpendicular to the probing direction dominates at high frequencies. Some results concerning the second (and higher)-order terms are given. In particular, we anticipate a decrease in the effective Larmor frequency despite an increase in the magnetic field magnitude in the case of anisotropic transversal B-field noises. The analytic results are supported by Monte Carlo simulations employing the Euler–Maruyama method. The analytic methodology is applied to the case of a Bell–Bloom magnetometer, which reveals a non-linearity in the PSD of the magnetometer output and also a broadening effect due to magnetic field noise.
WS2 lateral p–n homojunction toward a sensitive self-driven photodetector by water treatment
Authors: Jian Liang , Zhang Shuai , Gao Wei , Sang Yuheng , Sun Yiming , Huo Nengjie , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yang Mengmeng
Published: February 2024

2D p–n homojunctions exhibit distinctive structural properties, including continuous energy band structure and perfect lattice matching, making them promising for the design of optoelectronic and electronic devices. Herein, we present a straightforward approach to fabricate a highly sensitive, self-driven photodetector based on a WS2 homojunction. The p-doping on the WS2 interface is easily achieved through water treatment, eliminating the need for chemical dopants. There is an evident reversal of polarity in the WS2 devices treated as compared to the intrinsic WS2. Particularly, the mobility of the weak p-doping WS2 field-effect transistor is 0.65 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the on/off ratio can reach 103 after water treatment. The WS2 p–n homojunction can be prepared by local boron nitride covering on n-type WS2. Moreover, the lateral p–n homojunction demonstrates remarkable photovoltaic properties, including a maximum short-circuit current of 7.55 nA and an open-circuit voltage of 0.15 V. Additionally, due to the effective in-plane built-in field, the device achieves a high Ilight/Idark ratio of nearly 105, a high specific detectivity of 5.8 × 1011 Jones, and a large linear dynamic range of 60 dB. This investigation offers a promising facile and soft avenue for the design of high-performance self-driven homojunction photodetectors with potential applications in low-consumption optoelectronics.
Study on the effect of magnetic needle grinding process on the service properties of medical Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn alloy
Authors: Lv Shenjin , Wang Tianzhong , Sang Shunheng , Yuan Kezhen , Gao Dongfang , Li Xian , Qiao Yang
Published: February 2024

Magnesium alloy, valued for its superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility in biomaterials, faces limitations such as rapid corrosion, poor wear resistance, and unfavorable cell adhesion. To address these challenges and enhance medical magnesium alloy development, this study investigates a magnetic needle grinding process on magnesium alloy. Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn alloy, prepared through powder metallurgy and T6 aging treatment, undergoes milling, and magnetic grinding using various needle sizes. The impact is assessed through Vickers hardness, residual stresses, surface roughness, friction and wear tests, electrochemical assessments, and contact angle tests. Results indicate a 22.59% microhardness increase, 30.43 MPa residual compressive stress, increased surface roughness, improved wear and corrosion resistance, and improved hydrophilia after magnetic needle grinding. This research provides a theoretical foundation for advancing medical magnesium alloy industrially.
Spot the difference: optimising camera trap use to detect and identify individuals of a medium-sized carnivorous marsupial
Authors: Taylor Melissa C. , Wayne Adrian F. , Armstrong Nicola J. , Calver Michael C. , Bryant Kate A.
Published: February 2024

Camera trap model and setup choice can significantly affect data collection. This study investigated standard-angle Reconyx and wide-angle Swift camera traps in different setups and how the choice of equipment influenced detection and individual identification of the chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii). Camera models were placed side-by-side in four setups: (i) single and (ii) paired camera traps 30 cm above ground; and single cameras (iii) 1 m and (iv) 2 m above ground, with a lure (tuna oil) in the centre of all setups. Swifts had a higher Detection probability than Reconyx, although the number of detections with identified individuals did not significantly differ between camera models. The 30 cm paired camera setups had the highest Detection and Identification probabilities for both camera models, with both probabilities decreasing as cameras were positioned higher. Camera model and setup choice are important in obtaining detection and identification data, and should be considered when planning studies and interpreting results.
Implementation of a strengths-based approach in a traumatic brain injury community service; perspectives of community workers
Authors: Simard Pascale , Turcotte Samuel , Vallée Catherine , Lamontagne Marie-Eve
Published: February 2024

Background The strengths-based approach (SBA) was initially developed for people living with mental health issues but may represent a promising support option for community participation of people living with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). A community-based organisation working with people living with TBI is in the process of adapting this approach to implement it in their organisation. No studies explored an SBA implementation with this population. This study explores the implementation of key components of the SBA in a community-based organisation dedicated to people living with TBI. Methods A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews (n = 10) with community workers, before and during implementation, was used. Transcripts were analysed inductively and deductively. Deductive coding was informed by the SBA fidelity scale. Results Group supervision and mobilisation of personal strengths are key SBA components that were reported as being integrated within practice. These changes led to improved team communication and cohesiveness in and across services, more structured interventions, and greater engagement of clients. No changes were reported regarding the mobilisation of environmental strengths and the provision of individual supervision. Conclusion The implementation of the SBA had positive impacts on the community-based organisation. This suggests that it is valuable to implement an adaptation of the SBA for people living with TBI.