bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING INVENTORY DIGITALISATION AND PRODUCT DELIVERY IN SELECTED FOOD MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: W. T. FATOYINBO  , O. A. ALADEJEBI
Published: February 2025

The study examines how inventory digitalisation affects product delivery in selected food manufacturing firms in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and Eighty-one181 respondents were selected, with 141 completed questionnaire were analysed which make for a 77.9% response rate. Both descriptive and inferential statistics like regression and ANOVA were used for the study. Key findings show: ANOVA shows that inventory digitalisation improves product delivery (p = 0.000, F = 3.658). Employee digital tool training improves operational efficiency, with a mean response range of 3.93 to 4.54 and a relative importance index (RII) of 0.77 to 0.91. the study revealed that Inventory planning and inventory coordination contributed more to product delivery in the study area. The findings also revealed that inventory digitalisation improves both operational efficiency and product delivery in a positive way. Inventory training programs are crucial for implementation of digital tools. The study concludes that regular training exercise, better inventory planning, and IoT and virtual inventory systems are good for the deployment of inventory digitalisation.
EFFECT OF THE SUSTAINABLE LAST MILE DELIVERY ON CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN CARINTHIA, AUSTRIA
Authors: PEDRO, IBUKUNOLUWA OLUWASEUN
Published: February 2025

Last Mile Delivery (LMD) means the last leg of a delivery process by which sellers sell and delivers goods to buyer without limits of geographical distance. This term came on board as a byproduct of globalization which birthe e-format of trade. LMD had evolved to take into consideration greenhouse effects and seamless delivery through various distinct modules to conform to sustainability standards. This evolution of LMD birthes the Sustainable Last Mile Delivery (S-LMD) which is based on Learnable Optimization which includes the Logistic Model (Operational Framework) and Business model (Business Strategy). The interoperability of these models drives the significance of S-LMD in three United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): goal eight (8), goal nine (9), and goal eleven, avail criteria to conform with both logistic innovation, and technical sustainability. This research work hopes to present data driven feedback on the awareness of S-LMD strategies on Customer satisfaction in Carinthia, Austria, and lastly, measures the effect of S-LMD on customers’ satisfaction in the state. The research made use of Multiple Linear Regression Analyses to test the significance of the variable and constructs through the use of descriptive and inferential quantitative informational tools. The results pointed out that with p-value of 0.005 & p-value of < 0.001 S-LMD business model does have an effect customer satisfaction respectively in Carinthia, Austria. The study highlights that sustainable last-mile delivery is viewed positively, the recommendation deduced from the data are: improve business models to meet customer expectations, bridge the gap between awareness and actions.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FORASTERO COCOA (Theobroma cacao L.) BEANS REQUIRED FOR ITS PROCESSING
Authors: MUHAMMED-BASHIR, W. O  , ADEJUMOBI, M. A  , OLA, F. A  , AKANDE, F  , ABDUSALAM, I. A
Published: February 2025

The physical and mechanical properties of cocoa beans are indispensable in its processing. However, larger percentages of cocoa production are exported in the raw form due to limited literature information regarding the physico-mechanical properties required for its handling. This study evaluates selected physical and mechanical properties of forastero cocoa beans required for its processing. The axial dimensions (major, intermediate and minor diameters), sphericity, aspect ratio surface area and volume of the coco sample and the force required for cracking the coco sample were assessed at 7.49±1.5 %wb moisture content. The compression test indicated that the breaking force required along the major bean diameters were lower to the force required along the intermediate bean diameters.
Well-being at school
Authors: Batic Nidia
Published: February 2025

The concept of personal well-being is multidimensional and encompasses both objective (economic, cultural, environmental, physical) and subjective (psychological, emotional, affective, socio-relational) conditions experienced by the individual. Numerous studies have confirmed the existence of a strong positive relationship between classroom climate and well-being, as well as between well-being and learning. This research is part of an action research framework and does not aim to draw inferential conclusions. Based on the assumption that any discomfort arising within a classroom must first be analyzed (research) and subsequently addressed through targeted interventions (action), the focus of this study was on the social and relational dimensions of well-being in the classroom.
Between February and April 2024, a non-probability sample of 553 children from third, fourth, and fifth grades in several primary schools in the northeast was surveyed using a structured questionnaire with 15 questions. The practical implications of this research are significant, as children provide clear insights into the conditions that foster their well-being. These findings offer valuable guidance for teachers and students alike on the actions that can be taken to improve classroom quality of life, and consequently, enhance learning outcomes.
Tango takes two: the contribution of Lithuanian state leaders in creating a supportive environment for diaspora engagement – the case of Vytautas Landsbergis
Authors: Strumickienė Ilona
Published: February 2025

The restoration of independence in 1990 highlighted the role of Vytautas Landsbergis, the first head of the re-established Lithuanian state. He played a key part in strengthening ties with the Lithuanian diaspora. Under his leadership, transformative initiatives were launched to involve Lithuanians abroad in shaping the nation’s future. Their contributions were recognized as vital to achieving independence. Efforts to develop a diaspora policy also began, aiming to integrate Lithuanians abroad into Lithuania’s political, economic, and cultural life. Landsbergis fostered a partnership with the diaspora, encouraging it not only to support Lithuania’s independence but also to contribute to the development of the newly forming state’s well-being. However, early legal acts related to diaspora sparked debate. Although citizenship and property restoration laws sought to maintain a legal connection with the diaspora, restrictions on dual or multiple citizenship and requirements for permanent residence in Lithuania did not align with the expectations of the diaspora. Nevertheless, Landsbergis’ initiatives laid the groundwork for long-term ties between the diaspora and Lithuania, and his efforts created conditions for the development of these relations, even if the political decisions of the time were limited by the realities of the period. According to researchers like Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, effective diaspora policy requires institutional capacity and a legal framework designed to foster and enhance emigrants’ active participation in the nation’s life. Landsbergis’ contribution, though somewhat ambiguous due to certain legal restrictions, was significant – he set the directions and foundations of diaspora policy that encouraged the diaspora to contribute to the creation of an independent Lithuania’s future.
Post Shallow-landslide Habitat Disturbance and Vegetation Recovery Status in a Wet Montane Wildlife Sanctuary in Chimanimani, Zimbabwe
Authors: Innocent Mahakata, , Prudence Gonhi,
Published: February 2025

Landslides are a form of slope failure that may lead to soil and vegetation removal on the earth surface. This study seeks to assess the vegetation recovery status and succession in areas affected by the Tropical Cyclone Idai induced shallow landslides in Eland Sanctuary Park that occurred in March, 2019. Site observations and floristic surveys were conducted to assess the extent of woody vegetation recovery and plant successional process. Plant diversity was assessed by estimating the Shannon‒Wiener index, whereas species richness was computed using the Menhinick’s index. Fifty-eight shallow landslide sites were recorded in the southwestern part of the study area. The areas affected are mostly located in open woodland at elevations between 1418m and 1673m and slopes ranging between 20–70 degrees. Areas affected by shallow landslides summed up to 1.850km2 in size. The sites are associated with loose soils of clay-silt and loam dominated on impervious substrata. Across the sites affected, twenty-nine plant species were recorded from the plots sampled. Among the plants species recorded are Pteridium aquilinum, Pinus patula, Helichrysum spp, Vernonathura polyanthes, Cyperus iria and Acacia mearnsii. The Shannon index calculation showed medium diversity (Shannon (H) = 2.474). The species richness (Menhinick index) was 0.5233. The woody plants species recorded were mostly seedlings, although there was no significant differences in numbers with recorded bushes and mature trees (Mann‒Whitney test at p = 0.05, where the p value = 0.2203). There was also no significant difference in number of colonisers from woody invasive plants of Pinus patula, Vernonathura polyanthes and Acacia mearnsii (H =4.57; DF = 2; p value = 0.102, p = 0.05) recorded across the sampled plots. Active habitat restoration of the affected sites using native woody species is recommended.
A Survey on Public Knowledge and Awareness about Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Mjini Magharibi- Unguja, Zanzibar
Authors: Said Abbas I. , Mahmoud Salma A. , Bakari Amanzi I , Upinde Rifath K. , Aboud Hannan A. , Mbuya Amina Hillary , Okafor Chukwuma J.
Published: February 2025

Background: Antibiotics are among drug groups that have, for centuries, played a key role in treating and combating infectious diseases worldwide. This key role is being compromised by antibiotic resistance, driven by many factors, such as low-quality antibiotics and improper use of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is scrutinized as a major threat to global health today. It is estimated that in 2050, more than 10 million deaths and 100 trillion USD will be lost due to antibiotic resistance if no substantial actions are taken to end this emerging threat.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Mjini Magharibi. Only people over 18 who live in Mjini Maghrib and non-medical personnel were allowed to participate in our research. A Purposive sampling technique was used to target specific individuals of interest. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants, and data were analyzed using SPSS computer software version 22. The study involved 200 people from Mjini Magharibi-Unguja.
Results: The study showed that 64.4% of the participants were female, and 61.5% were 18-24 years. 47.5% of all respondents obtained antibiotics after getting a prescription from a doctor or nurse and received advice from a doctor or nurse on how to use the antibiotics.
The study also showed that 35.5% of the participants get antibiotics from a doctor or nurse. 72.5% of all respondents disagreed that it was okay to use antibiotics given to friends or family members as long as they were used to treat the same illness. Among the respondents, 46.5% disagreed that buying or requesting the same antibiotics from a doctor was okay. 57.5% take all of the antibiotics as prescribed.
Lastly, our study assesses the level of education on knowledge of antibiotic resistance, and 65.5%,61.5%, and 71.5% of all respondents did not hear of antibiotic, antimicrobial, or drug resistance.
Conclusion: Poor knowledge and awareness of antibiotic resistance existed across the study area, irrespective of gender and age. This proves a population problem, as seen in many other studies. The study sheds light on significant gaps in public knowledge, which can guide future educational programs and policy decisions. The topic is highly relevant globally, and this research adds valuable insights from a region not frequently studied.
Sex Differences in Primary Care–Based Chronic Kidney Disease Management
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge A. , Chen Sarah W. , Gao Chenxi , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Mendu Mallika L. , Samal Lipika
Published: May 2024

This retrospective study uses electronic health record data to investigate the sex differences in guideline-based management outcomes between male and female patients with chronic kidney disease.
Staircase Lamellar Macular Hole in a Male Patient Aged 54 Years
Authors: Marchese Alessandro , Harrell Michael , Gill Manjot K.
Published: May 2024

This case report discusses a diagnosis of X-linked Alport syndrome in a 54-year-old male patient who presented with a lamellar macular hole in his left eye.
Vitreopapillary Traction in Stickler Type IV COL9A1
Authors: Adhan Iniya , Kim Joon-Bom , Vuppala Amrita
Published: May 2024

This case report describes a woman aged 43 years with Stickler syndrome and bilateral vitreopapillary traction who presented with shadows and ghosting of vision in both eyes.
The fungicide cymoxanil impairs respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via cytochrome c oxidase inhibition
Authors: Mendes Filipa , Santos‐Pereira Cátia , Vieira Tatiana F. , Martins Pinto Mélanie , Castro Bruno B. , Sousa Sérgio F. , Sousa Maria João , Devin Anne , Chaves Susana R.
Published: May 2024

Cymoxanil (CYM) is a widely used synthetic acetamide fungicide, but its biochemical mode of action remains elusive. Since CYM inhibits cell growth, biomass production, and respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we used this model to characterize the effect of CYM on mitochondria. We found it inhibits oxygen consumption in both whole cells and isolated mitochondria, specifically inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity during oxidative phosphorylation. Based on molecular docking, we propose that CYM blocks the interaction of cytochrome c with CcO, hampering electron transfer and inhibiting CcO catalytic activity. Although other targets cannot be excluded, our data offer valuable insights into the mode of action of CYM that will be instrumental in driving informed management of the use of this fungicide.
Exploring the molecular landscape of cancer of unknown primary: A comparative analysis with other metastatic cancers
Authors: Andersen Laura , Christensen Ditte S. , Kjær Asbjørn , Knudsen Michael , Andersen Andreas K. , Laursen Maria B. , Ahrenfeldt Johanne , Laursen Britt E. , Birkbak Nicolai J.
Published: May 2024

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) tumors are biologically very heterogeneous, which complicates stratification of patients for treatment. Consequently, these patients face limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. With this study, we aim to expand on the current knowledge of CUP biology by analyzing two cohorts: a well‐characterized cohort of 44 CUP patients, and 213 metastatic patients with known primary. These cohorts were treated at the same institution and characterized by identical molecular assessments. Through comparative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data, we found that CUP tumors were characterized by high expression of immune‐related genes and pathways compared to other metastatic tumors. Moreover, CUP tumors uniformly demonstrated high levels of tumor‐infiltrating leukocytes and circulating T cells, indicating a strong immune response. Finally, the genetic landscape of CUP tumors resembled that of other metastatic cancers and demonstrated mutations in established cancer genes. In conclusion, CUP tumors possess a distinct immunophenotype that distinguishes them from other metastatic cancers. These results may suggest an immune response in CUP that facilitates metastatic tumor growth while limiting growth of the primary tumor.
Remarkable Optoelectronic Characteristics of Synthesizable Square‐Octagon Haeckelite Structures: Machine Learning Materials Discovery
Authors: Alibagheri Ehsan , Ranjbar Ahmad , Khazaei Mohammad , Kühne Thomas D. , Vaez Allaei S. Mehdi
Published: May 2024

The research explores new compounds with structures similar to square‐octagonal beryllium oxide, commonly known as Haeckelites. The goal is to identify semiconducting variations compounds that can be synthesized and show promising potential in optoelectronic devices. Start with 1083 binary Haeckelite structures, and to test the synthesis potential of these materials quickly, develop new descriptors and use machine learning techniques. As a result, it identifies a subset of 350 materials with suitable properties in terms of phase stability and electronic perspective. These materials are further investigated to analyze their electronic structure and phase stability, which are determined through density functional theory calculations. The phase stabilities of the predicted semiconducting Haeckelites are also compared to other binary compounds using an evolutionary structure search algorithm. The comprehensive methodology also includes examining the dynamic stabilities through phonon calculations and mechanical properties through elastic constant calculations. Eventually, 13 new Haeckelite compounds are discovered, demonstrating exceptional stability and performance in electronic tests. Among these compounds, eight have shown remarkable absorption coefficients and are considered promising candidates with high reflectivity. Additionally, they have exhibited high electron mobility. These findings strongly suggest the potential of these compounds for synthesis and their application in optoelectronic devices.
Promoting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate via Sulfur‐Assisted Electrolysis
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Wei Zhiming , Su Xiaozhi , Shi Xiuwen , Liu Lingyue , Wang Tianyu , Xu Xueting , Zhao Ming , Zhai Yueming , Yang Hong Bin , Liu Bin
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a renewable approach to transform CO2 to produce chemicals and fuels. Unfortunately, it faces the challenges of sluggish CO2 activation and slow water dissociation. This study reports the modification of Bi‐based electrocatalyst by S, which leads to a remarkable enhancement in activity and selectivity during electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate. Based on comprehensive in situ examinations and kinetic evaluations, it is observed that the presence of S species over Bi catalyst can significantly enhance its interaction with K+(H2O)n, facilitating fast dissociation of water molecules to generate protons. Further in situ attenuated total reflectance surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) and in situ Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal that S modification is able to decrease the oxidation state of Bi active site, which can effectively enhance CO2 activation and facilitate HCOO* intermediate formation while suppressing competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Consequently, the S‐modified Bi catalyst achieves impressive electrochemical CO2RR performance, reaching a formate Faradaic efficiency (FEformate) of 91.2% at a formate partial current density of ≈135 mA cm−2 and a potential of −0.8 V versus RHE in an alkaline electrolyte.
Design of Phytic Acid Crosslinked Xerogels as Organic Photocatalysts for Visible Light‐Assisted Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Mir Aleena , Aazam Elham S. , Riaz Ufana
Published: May 2024

Extensive research is being carried out on the degradation of water pollutants using various strategies to overcome the global water crisis. In the present study, xerogels as a better alternative is utilized to metal oxides for the photocatalytic degradation of toxic water pollutants such as dyes. Xerogels of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are synthesized using phytic acid as a dopant as well as cross‐linker in the weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 via simple chemical oxidative polymerization. The synthesized xerogels are analyzed for their spectral, morphological, thermal, and optical properties using FTIR, UV–vis, XRD, SEM, and TGA techniques. The xerogels are also tested for their photocatalytic activity against textile dyes – Methylene Blue (MB), Alizarin Red S, (ARS), Rhodamine B (RhB), and Methyl Orange (MO). Among all the composite xerogels, PANI/PPy‐2/1 showed excellent degradation efficiency of 91% for MB dye, 88% for RhB dye, 96% for ARS dye, and 92% for MO dye respectively. The composite PANI/PPy xerogels showed better degradation efficiency than their pristine counterparts. The fragments of the degraded dyes are examined using the LCMS technique and a tentative dye degradation mechanism is proposed.
Making 2‐D Materials Mechanochemically by Twin‐Screw Extrusion: Continuous Exfoliation of Graphite to Multi‐Layered Graphene
Authors: Chen Haili , Cao Qun , Ye Ziwei , Lai Beibei , Zhang Yuancheng , Dong He , Crawford Deborah E. , Istrate Oana M. , James Stuart L.
Published: May 2024

Mechanochemistry has developed rapidly in recent years for efficient chemicals and materials synthesis. Twin screw extrusion (TSE) is a particularly promising technique in this regard because of its continuous and scalable nature. A key aspect of TSE is that it provides high shear and mixing. Because of the high shear, it potentially also offers a way to delaminate 2‐D materials. Indeed, the synthesis of 2‐D materials in a scalable and continuous manor remains a challenge in their industrialization. Here, as a proof‐of‐principle, the automated, continuous mechanochemical exfoliation of graphite to give multi‐layer graphene (MLG, ≈6 layers) by TSE is demonstrated. To achieve this, a solid‐and‐liquid‐assisted extrusion (SLAE) process is developed in which organic additives such as pyrene are rendered liquid due to the high temperatures used, to assist with the exfoliation, and simultaneously solid sodium chloride is used as a grinding aid. This gave MLG in high yield (25 wt%) with a short residence time (8 min) and notably with negligible evidence for structural deterioration (defects or oxidation).
High‐Performance and High Bandwidth Electroadhesive Clutch Enabled by Fracture Mechanics and a Dielectric Nanoparticle‐Based High‐k Composite
Authors: Choi Changhyun , Gardner Sophia , Chatterjee Sitangshu , Kuchibhotla Aditya , Wan Guangchao , Hipwell M. Cynthia
Published: May 2024

Clutches are integral components in robotic systems, enabling programming of system stiffness and precise control over a wide range of motion types. While different types of clutches exist, electroadhesive (EA) clutches present several key advantages, such as flexibility, low mass, low power consumption, simplicity, and fast response. Achieving high EA stress in EA clutches has remained a challenge, however, necessitating high voltage input or a large contact area to achieve the desired force. In this work, an EA clutch is proposed with a high EA stress achieved by taking fracture mechanics into account and using a high dielectric composite layer while still maintaining a comparable high switching speed to other dielectric‐based EA clutches. The maximum EA stress is observed to be 108.8 N cm−2, which is four times larger than what has been reported previously among dielectric‐based EA clutches at room temperature. This high EA stress clutch can facilitate miniaturization and lower the operating voltage as well as extend to high load capacity applications. The proposed approach holds promise for advancements in various domains, including haptics (both kinesthetic and cutaneous), exoskeletons, walking robots, and other systems that require compliance, low mass, and precise force control.
Extended Gate Transistor‐based Multi‐biomarker Sensing Platform for Real‐time Urine Analysis
Authors: Panigrahi Debdatta , Zheng Youbin , Wang Jing , Sublaban Majd , Haick Hossam
Published: May 2024

Urine analysis stands as a critical diagnostic tool, offering insights into health and disease. However, current techniques demand sophisticated equipment or significant sample processing for urine examination, reducing their suitability for regular point‐of‐care assessments. This study introduces a novel multi‐component sensing platform to address these constraints. The proposed sensor array can detect sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca++), chloride (Cl−), and pH levels, thus, enabling real‐time urine analysis. This sensing platform utilizes an extended gate (EG)‐field effect transistor (FET) design employing EG electrodes made of LASER engraved graphene on flexible Kapton substrates. These experimental findings from individual sensors demonstrate consistent linear responses to ion levels, discrimination of specific ions among interferences, and operational stability over time. Additionally, the six‐channel sensor array exhibits notable sensitivity and selectivity in a urine environment, effectively discerning various ions and pH, illustrating its efficacy for urine analysis and validating its potential for reliable point‐of‐care diagnostics.
2D Erucamide Crystal Synthesis and Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: Cao Weiwei , Li Yinwu , Xu Huakai , Yao Jiandong , Ke Zhuofeng , He Yan , Yang Guowei
Published: May 2024

2D organic crystals play a unique role in photodetection owing to their tunable detection wavelength, low manufacturing cost, compatibility with lightweight, and controllable synthesis. However, their detection wavelength range mainly encompasses the visible (Vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) spectra. Herein, 2D erucamide crystals are synthesized using nitrogen gas and methanol as raw materials without catalysts at room temperature under atmospheric pressure via laser processing. The synthesized 2D erucamide is demonstrated to be a promising broad bandgap organic semiconductor material. A UV photodetector made of 2D erucamide exhibited a responsivity as high as 145 mA W−1, a millisecond‐level response speed, and an excellent detectivity of 4.96 × 109 Jones. Furthermore, the synthesized erucamide showed an excellent UV–vis suppression ratio (R254 nm/R532 nm) of 59. The synthesis mechanism of erucamide via laser bubbling in liquids is proposed. Thermodynamically, the high temperature of the bubbles is beneficial for nitrogen and methanol decomposition. Kinetically, rapid bubble quenching facilitates final product formation. This accomplishment represented the pioneering utilization of lasers in converting nitrogen gas into organic compounds while introducing 2D erucamide into the realm of organic UV photodetectors.
Simple Encoded Circularly Polarized Protein Lighting
Authors: Grümbel Stephanie , Hasler Marco , Ferrara Sara , Patrian Marta , Banda‐Vázquez Jesús Agustín , Coto Pedro B. , Fuenzalida Werner Juan Pablo , Costa Rubén D.
Published: May 2024

Lighting systems with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are an emerging field with high hopes in, for example, neural cell circuits and encoding applications. The major challenges that forfeits their real‐world application are i) the design of chiroptical materials (CMs) with high CPL brightness (BCPL; today's record is Eu‐based compounds with average 287 M−1cm−1, while 90% of other CMs show <150 M−1cm−1 in solution) and ii) how to keep CPL response in films/coatings of technological relevance. Since natural evolution is driven by chiral selectivity at the supramolecular level, fluorescent proteins (FPs) are ideal candidates to provide large BCPL spanning visible and near‐infrared regions. This hypothesis is confirmed for all the known FP classes, demonstrating high emission intensities (photoluminescence quantum yields (ϕ) up to 76%) and record average BCPL of |200| M−1cm−1 (solution). What is more, the CPL response is also kept in polymer coatings. It is rationalized that structural factors (chromophore rigidity, surrounding amino acids, supramolecular packaging, and exciton coupling) hold a significant influence, regardless of the ϕ values. Finally, proof‐of‐concept CPL‐encoded signals in monochromatic/white hybrid light‐emitting diodes with FP‐polymer filters show exceptional stabilities. Overall, this work stands out FPs toward a new CM family, in general, and biogenic CPL‐encoded lighting systems, in particular.
Achieving Deep‐Blue Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Emitter by Designing the Donor‐π‐Donor‐σ‐Acceptor Molecular Structure
Authors: Zuo Peng , Yang Yue‐Jian , Liu Fu‐Ming , Wu Jian‐Rong , Zheng Qi , Yuan Hai‐Tian , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Jiang Zuo‐Quan
Published: May 2024

In the realm of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have demonstrated remarkable achievements. Nevertheless, realizing both deep‐blue emission and high efficiency by the TSCT strategy remains a persistent challenge. Here, the novel donor‐π‐donor‐σ‐acceptor (D‐π‐D‐σ‐A) type deep‐blue TSCT emitter, namely D‐tCz‐BO, is formulated to investigate its performance in OLED. D‐tCz‐BO show a narrow deep‐blue emission and efficient TADF character (λPL = 448, FWHM = 54 nm, ΦPL = 82%, and ΔEST = 0.09 eV). More importantly, the OLED based on D‐tCz‐BO as the emitter showed a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.5%, with a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.14, 0.12). This represents one of the best deep‐blue TSCT‐TADF emitters to date.
Dental sculpting and compensatory shearing crests demonstrated in a WEAR series of Presbytis rubicunda (Cercopithecoidea, Colobidae) with dental topography analysis
Authors: Pampush James D. , Morse Paul E. , Kay Richard F.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Maintaining effective and efficient occlusal morphology presents adaptive challenges for mammals, particularly because mastication produces interactions with foods and other materials that alters the geometry of occlusal surfaces through macrowear and/or catastrophic failure (i.e. “chipping”). Altered occlusal morphologies are often less effective for masticating materials of given diet—but not always—some species exhibit dental sculpting, meaning their dentitions are set up to harness macrowear to hone their occlusal surfaces into more effective morphologies (i.e. secondary morphologies). Here we show that dental sculpting is present in the folivorous Presbytis rubicunda of Borneo.

Methods

Thirty‐one undamaged lower second molars of P. rubicunda exhibiting various stages of macroscopic wear were micro‐CT scanned and processed into digital surfaces. The surfaces were measured for convex Dirichlet normal energy (vDNE, a measure of surface sharpness), and degree of surface wear. Regression analyses compared surface sharpness with several measures of wear to test for the presence and magnitude of dental sculpting.

Results

Positive correlations between the wear proxies and vDNE reveal that P. rubicunda wear in such a way as to become sharper, and therefore more effective chewing surfaces by exposing enamel‐dentine junctions on their occlusal surfaces and then honing these junctions into sharpened edges. Compared to another primate folivore in which increasing surface sharpness with macrowear has been demonstrated (i.e., Alouatta palliata), the worn surfaces are similarly sharp, but the dental sculpting process appears to be different.

Discussion

The results presented here suggest that not only do some primates exhibit dental sculpting and the attendant secondary morphology, but that there appear to be multiple different morphological configurations that can achieve this result. P. rubicunda has thicker enamel and a more stereotyped wear pattern than A. palliata, although both show positive correlations of occlusal surface sharpness (vDNE) with various wear proxies. These findings shed light on the varied approaches for the maintenance of effective and efficient occlusal surfaces in primates.
Concomitant Near‐Infrared Photothermy and Photoluminescence of Rod‐Shaped Au52(PET)32 and Au66(PET)38 Synthesized Concurrently
Authors: Gu Wanmiao , Zhou Yue , Wang Wenying , You Qing , Fan Wentao , Zhao Yan , Bian Guoqing , Wang Runguo , Fang Liang , Yan Nan , Xia Nan , Liao Lingwen , Wu Zhikun
Published: May 2024

Gold nanoclusters exhibiting concomitant photothermy (PT) and photoluminescence (PL) under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation are rarely reported, and some fundamental issues remain unresolved for such materials. Herein, we concurrently synthesized two novel rod‐shaped Au nanoclusters, Au52(PET)32 and Au66(PET)38 (PET = 2‐phenylethanethiolate), and precisely revealed that their kernels were 4 × 4 × 6 and 5 × 4 × 6 face‐centered cubic (fcc) structures, respectively, based on the numbers of Au layers in the [100], [010], and [001] directions. Following the structural growth mode from Au52(PET)32 to Au66(PET)38, we predicted six more novel nanoclusters. The concurrent synthesis provides rational comparison of the two nanoclusters on the stability, absorption, emission and photothermy, and reveals the aspect ratio‐related properties. An interesting finding is that the two nanoclusters exhibit concomitant PT and PL under 785 nm light irradiation, and the PT and PL are in balance, which was explained by the qualitative evaluation of the radiative and non‐radiative rates. The ligand effects on PT and PL were also investigated.
Engineering Ultrathin CuxS Layer on Planar Sb2S3 Photocathode to Enhance Photoelectrochemical Transformation
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Zhang Li‐Jun , Li Jian , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: May 2024

Sb2S3 has been extensively used as light absorber for photoelectrochemical cell. However, its p‐type nature may result in the formation of Schottky junction with substrates, thus hindering the collection of photogenerated holes. Herein, an ultrathin CuxS layer is successfully engineered as the bottom junction for Sb2S3 for the first time. Capitalizing on its impressive electrical properties and superior optical properties, the CuxS layer exhibits a high work function of 4.90 eV, which causes the upward band bending of p‐type Sb2S3, forming a hole‐transparent structure with ohmic contact. The transparency of the ultrathin CuxS layer enables back‐illumination of the Sb2S3/CuxS platform, facilitating the integration of intricate catalyst layers for photoelectrochemical transformation. When modified with Pt nanoparticles, the photocurrent density reaches −5.38 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE, marking a fourfold increase compared to the photocathode without CuxS layer. When introducing a molecular hybrid TC‐CoPc@carbon black, a remarkable average photocurrent density of −0.44 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of 0 V is obtained for CO2 reduction reaction, while the photocurrent density is less than −0.03 mA cm−2 without CuxS.
Experimental combustion characteristics and NOx emissions for a 600‐MWe utility boiler after the retrofitted: Effects of load variation
Authors: Wang Haopeng , Deng Shanshan , Ti Shuguang , Jin Haoze , Yang Zhi , Gao Ke , Wu Xuehong , Liu Shengyong , An Jingxue , Sheng Ranran
Published: May 2024

To enhance the rapid switching ability of the boiler load and reduce NOx emissions, a new combustion system was implemented in a 600‐MWe wall‐fired boiler with swirl burners. This system included two levels of overfire air (OFA) and low NOx combustion technology. Industrial tests were conducted at 300‐, 450‐, and 600‐MWe loads before and after the retrofitted. These tests included measuring flue gas and furnace temperatures with thermocouples and analyzing local gas concentrations using a gas analyzer. The research results indicate that under conditions where the OFA ratio exceeds 30%, the burner exhibits good ignition performance at different loads. At the 600‐MWe load, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were reduced by 55% compared to before the retrofit. After the retrofit, the flame center inside the furnace of different loads was located at the height of 33.36 m, the first and second‐stage cooling water quantities were slightly higher, the reheat cooling water quantity was greatly reduced after the retrofit, and contributes to the boiler's safe operation. Under different load conditions after the retrofit, the gas temperature near the sidewall was below 850°C, and the O2 concentration near the sidewall was above 5%, effectively suppressing sidewall high‐temperature corrosion and slagging.
Analysis of the ethical issues in authorship of collaborative research. Observations inspired by the historical case study of Gerard L. Blaes' (Blasius) claim to sole authorship of ‘Anatome medullae spinalis’
Authors: Pękacka‐Falkowska Katarzyna , Raj Danuta , Węglorz Jakub
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the historical context of collaborative research and authorship disputes, exemplified by the complex relationship between Dutch anatomist and physician Gerard L. Blaes and his East‐Central European mentee, Daniel Gödtke, during the study of medulla spinalis. The study employs historical analysis to unravel the dynamics of scholarly collaboration, emphasizing the significance of mentorship in scientific progress and the communal nature of knowledge exchange. This historical analysis is based on primary sources and historical records. It underscores Blaes's strategy to circumvent public confrontations regarding the authorship of the seminal work ‘Anatome medullae spinalis, et nervorum inde provenientium’ (1666). As a teacher, he facilitated his student's participation in a public disputation to avert public authorship conflicts over the book. This ultimately led to the publication of two distinct versions of ‘Anatome medullae spinalis.’ The first one was co‐authored by the mentor and his mentee, while the latter was solely attributed to the mentor. This historical narrative raises essential questions about attributing individual contributions in medical sciences, echoing concerns still pertinent in contemporary academia. Additionally, it makes visible the power dynamics inherent in faculty–students relationships and the potential repercussions of authorship disputes on scholars' reputations. By drawing parallels between historical and modern authorship dilemmas, this study contributes to ongoing discussions on equitable authorship in scientific research and publishing. It not only highlights a historical precedent for the complex dynamics of mentor–mentee collaborations and authorship disputes but also illuminates how these practices continue to influence contemporary academic and publishing customs.
Influence of Carbonisation Temperatures on Multifunctional Properties of Carbon Fibres for Structural Battery Applications
Authors: Tavano Ruben , Xu Johanna , Creighton Claudia , Liu Fang , Dharmasiri Bhagya , Henderson Luke C. , Asp Leif E.
Published: May 2024

Carbon fibres are multifunctional materials considered for the realisation of structural battery electrodes. Processing conditions affect the carbonaceous microstructure of carbon fibres. The microstructure dictates the fibre‘s mechanical properties, i. e. modulus and strength, as well as its electrochemical capacity. Here, carbon fibre processing conditions are investigated to identify the effect of carbonisation temperature on carbon fibre multifunctionality. Different thermal conditions during carbonisation are considered, while keeping the precursor material, applied tension, and oxidation temperature constant. The carbonaceous microstructure of fibres is investigated via wide‐angle x‐ray scattering (WAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses to determine the effect of the carbonisation temperature. Mechanical and electrochemical tests are performed to characterise carbon fibre multifunctionality with respect to mechanical and electrochemical performance. A moderate trade‐off between mechanical and electrochemical performance is demonstrated, where the elastic modulus and strength decrease and the electrochemical capacity increase with reduced carbonisation temperature. Here, for the studied temperature interval, the elastic modulus and strength is found to drop up to 7 % with a 15 % increase in capacity. Thus, fibres customised for targeted multifunctionality within a limited design space can be realised by careful selection of the processing conditions in conventional carbon fibre manufacture.
Study finds close link between violence against women, committing mass shootings
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: May 2024

Nearly three‐quarters of school shooters perpetrated violence against women before or during their mass shooter events, according to a study from Lehigh University.
Characterization of HER2‐low breast cancer in young women with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenetic variants: Results of a large international retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schettini Francesco , Blondeaux Eva , Molinelli Chiara , Bas Raphaëlle , Kim Hee Jeong , Di Meglio Antonio , Bernstein Molho Rinat , Linn Sabine C. , Pogoda Katarzyna , Carrasco Estela , Punie Kevin , Agostinetto Elisa , Lopetegui‐Lia Nerea , Phillips Kelly‐Anne , Toss Angela , Rousset‐Jablonski Christine , Acheritogaray Marion , Ferrari Alberta , Paluch‐Shimon Shani , Fruscio Robert , Cui Wanda , Wong Stephanie M. , Vernieri Claudio , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Matikas Alexios , Rozenblit Mariya , Villarreal‐Garza Cynthia , De Marchis Laura , Puglisi Fabio , Vasconcelos de Matos Leonor , Mariño Monica , Teixeira Luis , Graffeo Rossella , Rognone Alessia , Chirco Alessandra , Antone Nicoleta , Abdou Yara , Marhold Maximilian , Božović‐Spasojević Ivana , Cortés Salgado Alfonso , Carmisciano Luca , Bruzzone Marco , Curigliano Giuseppe , Prat Aleix , Lambertini Matteo
Published: May 2024

Background

Breast cancer (BC) in women aged ≤40 years carrying germline pathogenetic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 genes is infrequent but often associated with aggressive features. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐low‐expressing BC has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target but has not been characterized in this rare patient subset.

Methods

Women aged ≤40 years with newly diagnosed early‐stage HER2‐negative BC (HER2‐0 and HER2‐low) and germline BRCA1/2 PVs from 78 health care centers worldwide were retrospectively included. Chi‐square test and Student t‐test were used to describe variable distribution between HER2‐0 and HER2‐low. Associations with HER2‐low status were assessed with logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival. Statistical significance was considered for p ≤ .05.

Results

Of 3547 included patients, 32.3% had HER2‐low BC, representing 46.3% of hormone receptor–positive and 21.3% of triple‐negative (TN) tumors. HER2‐low vs. HER2‐0 BC were more often of grade 1/2 (p < .001), hormone receptor–positive (p < .001), and node‐positive (p = .003). BRCA2 PVs were more often associated with HER2‐low than BRCA1 PVs (p < .001). HER2‐low versus HER2‐0 showed better DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.97) in the overall population and more favorable DFS (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.95) and overall survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.93) in the TN subgroup. Luminal A–like tumors in HER2‐low (p = .014) and TN and luminal A‐like in HER2‐0 (p = .019) showed the worst DFS.

Conclusions

In young patients with HER2‐negative BC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs, HER2‐low disease was less frequent than expected and more frequently linked to BRCA2 PVs and associated with luminal‐like disease. HER2‐low status was associated with a modestly improved prognosis.
Retrospective Analysis of Structure‐Property Relationship of Emergent Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymer Networks
Authors: Chang Wei , Song Weihua , Zhang Mingxin , Yin Panchao
Published: May 2024

Metallo‐supramolecular polymer networks (MSPNs) are fabricated from the crosslinking of polymers by discrete supramolecular coordination complexes. Due to the availability of various coordination complexes, e. g., 2D macrocycles and 3D nanocages, the MSPNs have been recently developed with broadly tunable visco‐elasticity and enriched functions inherited from the coordination complexes. The coordination complexes possess enriched topologies and unique structural relaxation dynamics, rendering them the capability to break the traditional tradeoffs of polymer systems for the design of materials with enhanced mechanical performance. The structure‐property relationship studies are critical for the material‐by‐design of MSPNs, while the spatiotemporal investigations are desired for the exploration of dynamics information. The work summarizes recent studies on the unique ligand‐exchange kinetics and the multi‐level structural relaxation dynamics of MSPNs. The MSPNs’ mechanical properties can be quantitatively correlated with the dynamics for understanding the structure‐property relationship. This concept will not only serve to attract more researchers to engage in the study of the structure‐activity relationship of MSPNs but also inspire innovative research findings pertaining to the application of MSPNs.
Dose Optimization in Oncology Drug Development: An International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development White Paper
Authors: Samineni Divya , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Othman Ahmed A. , Pithavala Yazdi K. , Poondru Srinivasu , Patel Chirag , Vaddady Pavan , Ankrom Wendy , Ramanujan Saroja , Budha Nageshwar , Wu Michael , Haddish‐Berhane Nahor , Fritsch Holger , Hussain Azher , Kanodia Jitendra , Li Meng , Li Mengyao , Melhem Murad , Parikh Apurvasena , Upreti Vijay V. , Gupta Neeraj
Published: May 2024

The landscape of oncology drug development has witnessed remarkable advancements over the last few decades, significantly improving clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients with cancer. Project Optimus, introduced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, stands as a groundbreaking endeavor to reform dose selection of oncology drugs, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the field. To address complex dose optimization challenges, an Oncology Dose Optimization IQ Working Group was created to characterize current practices, provide recommendations for improvement, develop a clinical toolkit, and engage Health Authorities. Historically, dose selection for cytotoxic chemotherapeutics has focused on the maximum tolerated dose, a paradigm that is less relevant for targeted therapies and new treatment modalities. A survey conducted by this group gathered insights from member companies regarding industry practices in oncology dose optimization. Given oncology drug development is a complex effort with multidimensional optimization and high failure rates due to lack of clinically relevant efficacy, this Working Group advocates for a case‐by‐case approach to inform the timing, specific quantitative targets, and strategies for dose optimization, depending on factors such as disease characteristics, patient population, mechanism of action, including associated resistance mechanisms, and therapeutic index. This white paper highlights the evolving nature of oncology dose optimization, the impact of Project Optimus, and the need for a tailored and evidence‐based approach to optimize oncology drug dosing regimens effectively.
Reversing Reprogramming of Cancer Cell Metabolism by Singlet Oxygen Triggered Release of Dichloroacetate Enhances Photodynamic Cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhou Zhenyan , Wang Lei , Yan Shoucai , Liu Ziang , Sun Rensong , Qiao Yuan , Akkaya Engin U.
Published: May 2024

Cancer cells change their glucose metabolism towards lactic acid production for various defensive and proliferative advantages. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an inhibitor of a key enzyme and thus, changes back the OX‐PHOS to glycolysis ratio. We designed and synthesized a singlet oxygen triggered source of dichloroacetate which releases this inhibitor during photodynamic singlet oxygen generation. Synergistic action of DCA and singlet oxygen results in significant enhancement of photocytotoxicity. The results suggest that this approach could offer significant improvement in the therapeutic outcome of PDT.