bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging a Dual Organisation-Development (OD) Process: A Longitudinal Study of a Start-up’s Transformation in the Energy Sector
Authors: Rubach Synnøve
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the transformative journey of a start-up company in the energy sector, employing a Dual Organisation-Development (OD) Process, as conceptualised within the co-generative learning/organisation development (OD) model. Originating from a doctoral thesis, this research unveils the application of the dual OD process in a longitudinal study of a start-up’s pursuit to revolutionise the Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs) market through digitalisation. The company aimed to connect energy users directly with renewable energy producers, ensuring transparency and traceability of the renewable origin of energy. Initiated through the “DIgitalised Node-trading for renewable energy with GO (DINGO)” project, the start-up received funding from a Norwegian research fund called Oslofjordfondet, propelling the development of a digitalised platform and the underlying research. This paper documents the dynamic interplay between daily business operations and the DINGO project, presenting the dual OD process as a bridged, facilitated intraorganisational and interorganisational development mechanism. Grounded in participatory organisation development and the cogenerative learning model, the study draws on historical written sources and insider perspectives. The research unfolds three key dimensions of the dual OD process within the start-up. Firstly, the research-based innovation project itself serves as a continuous learning and maturing process, reshaping the company over time. Secondly, the project opens avenues for accessing crucial financial, technological, and human resources, fostering new interorganisational collaborations. Thirdly, the project introduces friction between the research project and daily business operations, propelling the business model into unforeseen pathways, resulting in intraorganisational changes. To enhance the depth of the study, a reflection dialogue with the project owner were conducted in the spring 2024, offering a hindsight reflection on the effectiveness of the dual OD process in enhancing project outcomes and its continued application within the company. The paper contributes to understanding the pivotal role of research in early-stage business development, introducing the dual OD process as a valuable model for comprehending the intricate interaction between daily business operations, business modelling, and research projects. It also pays homage to Professor Morten Levin, highlighting the enduring influence of his mentorship and the co-generative learning model. In addition, entrepreneurs can derive practical insights from the dual OD model, providing a framework for navigating the challenges and opportunities inherent in combining business modelling and research, thereby facilitating successful business development.
Deformation Mechanisms of (100) and (110) Single-Crystal BCC Gum Metal Studied by Nanoindentation and Micropillar Compression
Authors: Jarząbek Dariusz M. , Włoczewski Mateusz , Milczarek Michał , Jenczyk Piotr , Takesue Naohisa , Golasiński Karol M. , Pieczyska Elżbieta A.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, small-scale testing techniques—nanoindentation and micropillar compression—were used to investigate the deformation mechanisms, size effects, and strain rate sensitivity of (100) and (110) single-crystal Gum Metal at the micro/nanoscale. It was observed that the (100) orientation exhibits a significant size effect, resulting in hardness values ranging from 1 to 5 GPa. Conversely, for the (110) orientation, this effect was weaker. Furthermore, the yield strength obtained from the micropillar compression tests was approximately 740 MPa for the (100) orientation and 650 MPa for the (110) orientation. The observed deformations were consistent with the established features of the deformation behavior of body-centered cubic (bcc) alloys: significant strain rate sensitivity with no depth dependence, pile-up patterns comparable to those reported in the literature, and shear along the {112}<111> slip directions. However, the investigated material also exhibited Gum Metal-like high ductility, a relatively low modulus of elasticity, and high yield strength, which distinguishes it from classic bcc alloys.
Supported g-C3N4/WO3 mixed layers for photocatalytic water remediation
Authors: Brabec Libor , Mikyskova Eliska , Zin Olha , Walderova Barbora , Zouzelka Radek , Rathousky Jiri , Weers Marco , Schechterle Arne , Wark Michael
Published: October 2024

g-C3N4 layers with good mechanical properties, including their cohesion and adhesion to stainless-steel supports, were prepared by the quantitative electrophoretic co-deposition of g-C3N4 and WO3 nanocrystals. It was carried out in a mixture of organic solvents by applying a voltage of 750 V. The typical layer area density was 0.64 mg cm–2. The photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol under blue-light irradiation showed that the performance of stable composite layers containing 25–50 wt.% of WO3 was only slightly weaker than that of unstable pristine g-C3N4 ones. The high photocatalytic performance was due to g-C3N4, while WO3 contributed to a good mechanical resistance of layers in stirred water. Finally, the composite layers exhibited a very high 4-chlorophenol mineralization of 75% in 24 h, even higher than the corresponding suspensions. Owing to their stability in water and performance, the developed layers are suitable for applications in environmental technologies.

Graphic Abstract
The Role of Subcutaneous Furosemide in Heart Failure Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Widiarti Wynne , Saputra Pandit Bagus Tri , Ariyanto Melissa Valentina , Savitri Cornelia Ghea , Multazam Chaq El Chaq Zamzam , Putranto Johanes Nugroho Eko , Alkaff Firas Farisi
Published: October 2024

Background

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients with symptomatic congestion often require in-hospital admission for intravenous (IV) diuretic, impacting both patient well-being and healthcare expenses. Subcutaneous (SC) furosemide has a potential to facilitate outpatient management of ADHF patients. Thus, this study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of SC furosemide utilization, offering a potential alternative to traditional IV administration.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted until April 14 2024 across scientific databases. This review included studies comparing SC furosemide with oral and IV formulations in adult HF patients.

Results

This study analyzed 687 patients from 20 studies. The results demonstrate that SC furosemide can effectively manage symptomatic congestion in HF patients and results in significant cost reductions, symptom relief, and improved quality of life. Although further investigation into mortality rates is needed, SC furosemide demonstrates efficacy comparable to IV furosemide in diuresis and weight loss, with similar bioavailability and natriuretic effects. Adverse events are generally minor, predominantly related to skin irritation. Innovative strategies, such as developing isotonic alkaline solutions and improved infusion devices, are being explored to address these challenges.

Conclusion

SC furosemide offers a promising alternative for managing ADHF, particularly in symptomatic HF patients with volume overload. The integration of SC furosemide into routine clinical practice and future guidelines, could optimize the management of HF, reducing hospital admission and improving patient outcomes.
Glycoprofile Comparison of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Expressed in CHO and HEK Cell Lines
Authors: Wright Helen L. , Evans Caroline , Jackson Philip J. , James David C. , Tee Kang Lan , Wong Tuck Seng , Dickman Mark J. , Pandhal Jagroop
Published: October 2024

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein remains a key focus of research due to a continued need for diagnostic and therapeutic tools to monitor and respond to new variants. Glycosylation of the spike protein is critical for the protein’s functions in viral attachment and host cell entry. For scalable and cost-effective production of the spike protein, expression system-driven divergence in glycosylation patterns on recombinant spike proteins needs to be fully understood. This study assessed the N-glycosylation profiles of a full-length trimeric spike protein expressed in either Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK Expi293F) or Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-S) cells. Glycopeptide analysis was performed using a tandem mass spectrometry workflow and BioPharma $${\hbox {Finder}}^{\textrm{TM}}$$

Finder

TM

incorporating HEK and CHO glycan databases for protein characterisation. The results outline important differences in the variety and types of N-glycan generated by the two cell lines across the 22 known N-glycosylation sites of the spike protein. A notable increase in terminal sialylation, as well as the presence of the potentially immunogenic N-glycolylneuraminic acid at a functionally key N-glycosylation site, was observed in the CHO-S derived spike protein. With the potential for the relatively vast and more complex CHO glycan repertoire (182 glycans relative to 39 human glycans) to produce functional implications with CHO-S expressed spike protein, this study adds valuable knowledge to aid Quality by Design approaches and enable Multi Attribute Monitoring of specific N-glycosylation sites for proteoform analyses. This can further inform antigen development with future variants in order to devise updated diagnostic tests and therapeutic vaccine designs.
Analysing cross-border logistics operations for performance improvement: development and validation of a reference model
Authors: Bandaranayake Namal , Kiridena Senevi , Kulatunga Asela K. , Dam Hoa
Published: October 2024

The critical role played by cross-border logistics (CBL) systems in sustaining fast, efficient and responsive global supply chains is widely recognised. However, scholarly research focusing on CBL systems is limited, which means that theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches available for analysing and improving CBL operations are underdeveloped. As such, coordination among diverse stakeholders, meeting regulatory requirements, adapting to a rapidly evolving technological environment, and limited capacity for investing in high-value assets, all remain ongoing challenges hindering the smooth and swift flow of cargo across borders. With a view to addressing these challenges and research gaps, this paper develops a reference model for analysing and improving CBL-specific processes. Seven underlying process dimensions have been identified following a rigorous methodological approach for the modelling, analysis and improvement of CBL operations. The efficacy of the reference model is demonstrated using two purposive case applications. The reference model also helps identify potential technological interventions to improve operations and benchmark CBL systems, operations and processes.
Exploring the Ability of ChatGPT to Act as a Research Aid in Otolaryngology
Authors: Shaari Ariana L. , Herzog Isabel , Kokush Emily , Zabielski Sylvia , Langer Sydney , Filimonov Andrey
Published: October 2024

Recently artificial intelligence (AI) platforms have developed at a rapid pace. To date no studies have explored AI platform ChatGPT’s ability to serve as an aid in research in the field of otolaryngology. The objective of our study is to evaluate the ability of ChatGPT to generate unique research ideas relevant to Otolaryngology. ChatGPT was tasked to generate novel research project ideas. Seven categories for all otolaryngology subspecialties were created: general otolaryngology, facial plastics and reconstructive surgery, rhinology and skull base surgery, pediatrics, head and neck oncology, laryngology, and otology/neurotology. Within each of the subspecialties, ChatGPT was prompted to provide research ideas for two specific research topics in order to gauge ChatGPT’s ability to explore specific domains. Ten prompts were entered for general otolaryngology, and five prompts were entered for each subspecialty and subspecialty topic. ChatGPT was subsequently prompted with the same query to generate systematic review ideas for each category. Ideas were deemed novel if there were no similar systematic reviews retrieved during the literature review on PubMed, Scopus, or Web of Science. Ideas were graded for Clinical Relevance on a scale of 0 to 5, 5 being considered highly relevant/would contribute greatly to patient care and 0 being considered not relevant/not beneficial to patient care. Two reviewers graded each response. Out of 100 systematic review ideas generated by ChatGPT, we found that the artificial intelligence platform was incapable of creating unique systematic review research ideas. However, the ideas that it did generate were largely feasible and clinically relevant. Future studies should investigate the ability of ChatGPT to generate research inquiries with non-systematic review methodologies and in more specific otolaryngology topics.
Species richness − environmental diversity relationships are shaped by the underlying species − area curves and negative secondary effects
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Pausas Juli G.
Published: October 2024

Background

The relationship between the environmental (ED) or habitat (HD) diversity of a landscape and its species richness (S) is of global interest. The standard linear relationship tested is that total S rises with an increase in variability of environmental properties.

Findings

We recognize three basic S − ED patterns: convex, unimodal, and concave. These are shown to be based on three underlying species − area (S − A) curves: power, logarithmic, and sigmoid. From these, we find that the standard linear relationship lacks theoretical support. There are two sets of circumstances that can lead to a humped relationship: a particular type of S-A curve (logarithmic), and the operation of negative secondary effects as habitats become smaller and more isolated. The preponderance of positive linear and dearth of unimodal S − ED and S − HD relationships reported so far can be attributed to six causes. These include: only testing for linear relationships; limited data sets that exclude small, unique, or isolated habitats; regressions against non-causal variables; and/or use of biased data that have not been ground-truthed.

Conclusions

Informed by the underlying S − A curves and the level of negative biotic effects at high ED, one can predict the numerous shapes of the S − ED curve. Hump-backed S − ED curves should apply widely in regions with species-rich biotas and where the environmental range is large and numerous isolated habitats are present.
Unconscious Perception, Action, and the Problem of Attribution
Authors: Zięba Paweł Jakub
Published: October 2024

According to Phillips, (1) genuine perception is attributable to the individual (i.e. it is a personal state/event, as opposed to sub-personal states/events in the individual’s brain); (2) since unconscious perceptual representations are ill-suited to guide action, there is no good reason to attribute them to the individual; (3) not being attributable to the individual, they do not instantiate genuine perception, thereby failing to support the hypothesis that genuine perception can occur unconsciously. I argue that this reasoning is flawed and cannot be easily fixed. Phillips contends that unconscious perceptual representations do not guide action because they fail to meet certain conditions that are sufficient for action guidance. But those conditions may not be necessary for action guidance. Consequently, unconscious perceptual representations may guide action even if they do not meet Phillips’ conditions. Furthermore, due to his commitment to the distinction between personal and sub-personal states/events, Phillips is not in a position to argue that his conditions are necessary for action guidance. For the distinction applies to action as well as to perception, and when genuine action is identified by personal-level criteria, Phillips’ conditions turn out unnecessary for action guidance.
Sharp Weighted Non-tangential Maximal Estimates via Carleson-Sparse Domination
Authors: Rosén Andreas
Published: October 2024

We prove sharp weighted estimates for the non-tangential maximal function of singular integrals mapping functions from

$${\textbf{R}}^n$$

R

n

to the half-space in

$${\textbf{R}}^{1+n}$$

R

1
+
n

above

$${\textbf{R}}^n$$

R

n

. The proof is based on pointwise sparse domination of the adjoint singular integrals that map functions from the half-space back to the boundary. It is proved that these map

$$L_1$$

L
1

functions in the half-space to weak

$$L_1$$

L
1

functions on the boundary. From this a non-standard sparse domination of the singular integrals is established, where averages have been replaced by Carleson averages.
Paeoniflorin mitigates insulin-like growth factor 1-induced lipogenesis and inflammation in human sebocytes by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Cai Chuanchuan , Liu Si , Liu Yufeng , Huang Shaobin , Lu Shiya , Liu Fang , Luo Xiaohua , Zouboulis Christos C. , Shi Ge
Published: October 2024

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is considered as a pathogenic factor contributing to sebaceous gland dysfunction, which leads to acne vulgaris. Paeoniflorin (Pae), a bioactive monomer derived from total glycosides of paeony, has shown potential in treating various diseases. However, its anti-acne effects on human sebocytes are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of Pae on acne development induced by IGF-1 in SZ95 sebocytes. Following IGF-1 stimulation, SZ95 sebocytes were exposed to Pae and then determined for proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, lipogenesis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. We also analyzed the expression of proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Pae significantly inhibited colony formation, induced G1/S cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis, inhibited lipogenesis and cytokine synthesis in IGF-1-treated SZ95 sebocytes. Furthermore, Pae suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, FoxO1, JAK2, and STAT3. Importantly, the sebo-suppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of Pae were enhanced by blocking PI3K and JAK2. In summary, our findings suggest that Pae has potent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in SZ95 sebocytes. Additionally, Pae effectively protects against IGF-1-induced lipogenesis and inflammation by targeting the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.

Graphical Abstract
Perfusion Bioreactor Conditioning of Small-diameter Plant-based Vascular Grafts
Authors: Gorbenko Nicole , Vaccaro John C. , Fagan Ryan , Cerro Robert A. , Khorrami Jonah M. , Galindo Lucia , Merna Nick
Published: October 2024

Background:

Vascular grafts are mainly composed of synthetic materials, but are prone to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia at small diameters. Decellularized plant scaffolds have emerged that provide promising alternatives for tissue engineering. We previously developed robust, endothelialized small-diameter vessels from decellularized leatherleaf viburnum. This is the first study to precondition and analyze plant-based vessels under physiological fluid flow and pressure waveforms. Using decellularized leatherleaf viburnum as tissue-engineered grafts for implantation can have profound impacts on healthcare due to their biocompatibility and cost-effective production.

Methods:

A novel perfusion bioreactor was designed, capable of accurately controlling fluid flow rate and pressure waveforms for preconditioning of small-diameter vascular grafts. A closed-loop system controlled pressure waveforms, mimicking physiological values of 50–120 mmHg at a frequency of 8.75 Hz for fluid flow reaching 5 mL/min. Plant-based vascular grafts were recellularized with endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and cultured for up to 3 weeks in this bioreactor. Cell density, scaffold structure and mechanics, thrombogenicity, and immunogenicity of grafts were evaluated.

Results:

Bioreactor treatment with fluid flow significantly increased luminal endothelial cell density, while pressure waveforms reduced thrombus formation and maintained viable vascular smooth muscle cells within inner layers of grafts compared to static controls. Suture retention of grafts met transplantation standards and white cell viability was suitable for vascular remodeling.

Conclusion:

Low thrombogenicity of endothelialized leatherleaf viburnum holds great potential for vascular repair. This study provides insight into benefits of conditioning plant-based materials with hemodynamic forces at higher frequencies that have not previously been investigated.
Development of Automotive and Marine Appliable Aluminium Composite by Utilizing Agro-Waste Material as Performance Enhancement Particles
Authors: Akande I. G. , Kazeem R. A. , Jen T.-C. , Daramola O. M. , Akinlabi E. T.
Published: October 2024

Aluminium-based materials are lightweight materials used for producing automotive and aircraft components. However, aluminium materials diminish in performance on exposure to degrading environments, which limits their areas of usage and applications. The degrading effect results in poor resistance to wear and corrosion, reduced properties and defective microstructure. In this work, 6063 aluminium alloy was reinforced with particles of agricultural waste (walnut shell) to produce six samples with five samples of reinforced and a control (unreinforced) sample. Each of the samples of the reinforced alloy was moulded into a 25 mm diameter by 130 mm height using the stir casting method using an industrial pit furnace. The samples were thereafter machined to a diameter of 20 mm and cut into a thickness of 10 mm for characterizations. The potentiodynamic polarization method was used to test for the samples’ corrosion resistance properties following the ASTM G102 standard in a 3.65% NaCl test medium. The hardness property was investigated using the Brinell hardness machine following the ASTM A-370 standard, while the microstructure and crystallographic phase studies were carried out using SEM/EDS and XRD profiles, respectively. The unreinforced 6063 Al alloy sample exhibited the highest corrosion rate (Cr) of 0.7321 mm/year and the lowest hardness of 104.94 kgf/mm2. The 10% wt. walnut shell particles (WSP) reinforced 6063 Al alloy sample exhibited the lowest corrosion rate (Cr) of 0.1336 mm/year and the highest hardness of 109.24 kgf/mm2. This indicated that the walnut shell particles enhanced the corrosion and indentation resistance of the alloy. In addition, the SEM images indicated that the agricultural waste (walnut shell particles) reinforced samples exhibited more refined microstructure, lower porosity and smoother morphology compared to the unreinforced (control) sample. Also, the XRD profile of samples revealed some high peak intensity crystallites such as Al(ZnS), Al2O3 and (FeMn)SiO2. These high peak intensity crystallites indicated that these reinforced samples possessed chemical and microstructural homogeneity, high stability and good surface texture.
Correction to: A note on properly discontinuous actions
Authors: Kapovich M.
Published: October 2024

We correct a mistake appearing in the earlier paper “A note on properly discontinuous actions.”
Latent democratic potential: reflections on contemporary citizenship education in Singapore
Authors: Chia Yeow-Tong , Neoh Jia Ying
Published: October 2024

Democratic citizenship education aims to empower students for active participation in democratic deliberation and meaningful public action. However, defining 'democratic' is complex, and ideals vary. Singapore's education system has faced criticism for perceived shortcomings in preparing students for democratic engagement. Concerns include a lack of understanding of democracy, a tendency to accept hierarchy without critical assessment, and a superficial grasp of citizenship concepts. The social studies curriculum and overall school environment are often seen as limited in fostering democratic involvement. This is attributed in the literature to a lack of explicit commitment to democracy in Singapore's citizenship education. Instead, the system appears to lean towards uncritical adherence to national values and commitment to the nation. This paper challenges the focus on formal citizenship education by exploring the potential for democratic engagement within the broader Singapore curriculum. It argues that implicit democratic values emerge through initiatives like "Thinking School, Learning Nation" and the 21st-century competencies framework, fostering critical thinking, which is crucial for developing democratic dispositions. The analysis of alignment between competencies in Singapore education initiatives and those crucial for contemporary democratic participation offers a nuanced understanding of citizenship education beyond its traditional link to notions of liberal democracy. The paper contributes to debates about democracy's relevance in non-liberal democratic contexts, enriching our understanding of alternative pathways to civic engagement and possible futures for democratic citizenship.
The frequency and types of resident relocations in Dutch nursing homes: a nationwide cohort study of electronic health record data
Authors: Schreuder Miranda C. , Joling Karlijn J. , Groen Wim G. , Perry Marieke , Landeweer Elleke G. M. , Luijendijk Hendrika J. , Zuidema Sytse U. ,   the RELOCARE Consortium, Verbeek H. , Hamers J.P.H. , Schols J.M.G.A. , de Boer B. , Urlings J.H.J. , Brouwers M. , Achterberg W.P. , Caljouw M.A.A. , Landeweer E.G.M. , Luijendijk H.J. , Schreuder M.C. , Zuidema S.U. , Perry M , Koopmans R.T.C.M. , Luijkx K.G. , Stoop A. , Groen W.G.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

One third of Dutch nursing home residents relocated at least once during length of stay. Roughly 75 percent were individual relocations and the other 25 percent concerned group relocations. The average yearly number of individual relocations was about 3 times as high in the first 4 months after admission compared with later periods.

Methods

We performed an historical cohort study of pseudonymized registration data from a Dutch electronic health record. We selected data from nursing home residents aged 65 years and older who stayed on a ward for physical impairment or dementia and passed away between 2015 and 2019. Our study sample consisted of 26,060 long-stay nursing home residents from 67 nursing homes in the Netherlands. We examined the number of relocations, trends over time, individual versus group relocations and relocation destinations.

Results

We found that approximately one-third of long-stay nursing home residents relocated at least once with an average of 36 relocations per 100 residents per year. Roughly, 75 percent of relocations were individual relocations and 25 percent concerned group relocations. In the first 4 months after admission, the average number of individual relocations per 100 resident per year was about 3 times as often compared to later periods after admission. Most individual relocations were within the same type of care.

Conclusion

A considerable proportion of Dutch long-stay nursing home residents experienced one or more relocations. Relocations for individual reasons occurred mostly in the first months after admission. Further investigation is warranted to explore which factors lead to relocations.
Impact of levetiracetam and ethanol on memory, selected neurotransmitter levels, oxidative stress parameters, and essential elements in rats
Authors: Zwierzyńska Ewa , Klimczak Michał , Nasiadek Marzenna , Stragierowicz Joanna , Pietrzak Bogusława
Published: October 2024

Background

Ethanol disrupts brain activity and memory. There is evidence supporting the beneficial effect of levetiracetam on alcohol consumption. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine whether levetiracetam has a protective activity against ethanol-induced memory impairment, alterations in selected neurotransmission activities, oxidative stress, and selected essential elements in rats.

Methods

The rats were given levetiracetam (300 mg/kg b.w. po) with ethanol for three weeks prior to behavioral tests. Spatial memory was tested using the Morris water maze, while recognition memory was evaluated using the Novel object recognition test. The GABA and glutamate concentration was determined in three rat brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex). Serum oxidative stress parameters and selected essential elements concentration (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Mg) in the rat brain were analyzed.

Results

Levetiracetam administered with ethanol improved spatial memory, but did not affect abstinence-induced impairment. The drug also decreased ethanol-induced long-term recognition memory impairment. No alterations in glutamate levels were observed. GABA levels were elevated by levetiracetam in the cerebral cortex and by ethanol in the cerebellum. Ethanol increased catalase activity (CAT) and decreased superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in the serum. Levetiracetam significantly increased the activity of SOD. Alcohol disrupted the levels of trace elements (Mn, Zn, Mg) in the rat brain. Additionally, levetiracetam alone increased Mg, Fe, and Cu concentrations while all animals receiving the drug also had significantly lower concentrations of Zn.

Conclusions

Levetiracetam had differential effects against ethanol-induced impairments. These findings could have important implications for future levetiracetam treatment in patients.
Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) for the diagnosis of hip effusion in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Katz-Dana Hadas , Stackievicz Rudica , Dana Elad , Friedman Nir , Lackner Gali , Rosenbloom Ehud , Shles Ayelet
Published: October 2024

Purpose

A new limp or refusal to weight-bear are common symptoms in children presenting to the pediatric emergency department (ED). This poses a diagnostic challenge, particularly among toddlers and nonverbal patients. Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) used by pediatric emergency medicine physicians may detect hip effusion, which dramatically aids diagnostic workup and management. There is limited literature regarding the accuracy of hip PoCUS conducted by pediatric emergency medicine physicians. This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of pediatric emergency medicine physician-performed PoCUS in identifying hip effusion.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted in a single-center pediatric ED. Children presenting with limb pain or new limp were evaluated by pediatric emergency medicine physicians who also performed hip PoCUS and categorized findings as either “effusion” or “no effusion” based on standard sonographic definitions. Patients also underwent radiology department ultrasound reviewed by a pediatric radiologist. Diagnostic test characteristics with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using radiology department ultrasound findings as the reference standard.

Results

A total of 95 patients were enrolled by 8 pediatric emergency medicine physicians. Excellent agreement was observed between PoCUS performed by pediatric emergency medicine physicians and radiology department ultrasound for the presence or absence of hip effusion (kappa = 0.81 [95% CI 0.70–0.93]). Hip effusion was identified by PoCUS in 44 out of 49 effusion-positive patients, with a sensitivity of 89.8% (95% CI 77.7–96.6%), specificity of 91.3% (95% CI 79.2%-97.5%), positive likelihood ratio of 10.33 (95% CI 4.03–26.47), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.11 (95% CI 0.05–0.26).

Conclusion

PoCUS performed by pediatric emergency medicine physicians has reasonably high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing hip effusion among pediatric patients presenting to the pediatric ED with a limp or leg pain. This practice may potentially expedite both diagnosis and treatment within this patient population.
A retrospective review of LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy
Authors: Ortiz Judit M. Perez , Muthusamy Karthik , Tobin W. Oliver , Gavrilova Ralitza , Cousin Margot A. , Dhamija Radhika
Published: October 2024

Introduction

LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by overexpression of LMNB1. We retrospectively reviewed charts of all ADLD patients seen at Mayo Clinic.

Methods

All available data from molecularly confirmed ADLD patients was reviewed.

Results

Of eight patients identified, three were male. Age at symptom onset ranged from 33 to 64 years. In males, the first symptom was erectile dysfunction (2/3) or neurogenic bladder (1/3) and, in females, weakness (3/5), bladder dysfunction (2/5), or depression (1/5). Diagnostic delay from symptom onset was a median of 6 (IQR 2.3–10) years. Other reported symptoms included cognitive difficulties (8/8), fatigue (7/8), sleep issues (4/8), mood disturbances (5/8), tremor (4/8), and migraine (4/8). Family history was positive in 6. All eight patients had LMNB1 duplication. Eighteen brain MRIs were reviewed from 7 patients. All showed symmetric confluent T2W deep cerebral and periventricular white matter hyperintensities with involvement of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract in brain stem, and superior and middle cerebellar peduncles. Seven spine MRIs from six patients showed moderate diffuse atrophy of the spinal cord.

Conclusion

Typical clinical symptoms and characteristic MRI changes should prompt genetic testing for ADLD.
Microneedle sensors for dermal interstitial fluid analysis
Authors: Kim Gwangmook , Ahn Hyunah , Chaj Ulloa Joshua , Gao Wei
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement in personalized healthcare has driven the development of wearable biomedical devices for real-time biomarker monitoring and diagnosis. Traditional invasive blood-based diagnostics are painful and limited to sporadic health snapshots. To address these limitations, microneedle-based sensing platforms have emerged, utilizing interstitial fluid (ISF) as an alternative biofluid for continuous health monitoring in a minimally invasive and painless manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of microneedle sensor technology, covering microneedle design, fabrication methods, and sensing strategy. Additionally, it explores the integration of monitoring electronics for continuous on-body monitoring. Representative applications of microneedle sensing platforms for both monitoring and therapeutic purposes are introduced, highlighting their potential to revolutionize personalized healthcare. Finally, the review discusses the remaining challenges and future prospects of microneedle technology.

Graphical Abstract
Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis of blade geometric deviation on compressor performance
Authors: Ji T.Y. , Chu W.L. , Guo Z.T.
Published: October 2024

Carefully designing blade geometric parameters is necessary as they determine the aerodynamic performance of a rotor. However, manufacturing inaccuracies cause the blade geometric parameters to deviate randomly from the ideal design. Therefore, it is essential to quantify uncertainty and analyse the sensitivity of the blade geometric deviations on the compressor performance. This work considers a subsonic compressor rotor stage and examines samples with different geometry features using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations. A method to combine Halton sequence and non-intrusive polynomial chaos is adopted to perform the uncertainty quantitative (UQ) analysis. The Sobol’ index and Spearman correlation coefficient help analyse the sensitivity and correlation between the compressor performance and blade geometric deviations, respectively. The results show that the fluctuation amplitude of the compressor performance decreases for lower mass flow rates, and the sensitivity of the compressor performance to the blade geometrical parameters varies with the working conditions. The effects of various blade geometric deviations on the compressor performance are independent and linearly superimposed, and the combined effects of different geometric deviations on the compressor performance are small.
Invasion of superbugs: Cockroach-driven outbreak of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter in an ICU
Authors: Hanrahan Jennifer , Schouten Nicholas , Fyffe Steven H. , Jencson Annette , Stroever Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To describe factors in an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (MRE) in an intensive care unit (ICU) over a 20-month period including the likely contribution of cockroaches to the outbreak.

Design:

This is a retrospective descriptive study.

Setting:

ICU in an urban hospital.

Patients:

All patients admitted to the ICU during the 20-month outbreak period were included in the study.

Interventions:

Infection prevention interventions included contact isolation, hand hygiene, dedicated patient equipment, environmental cultures, and pest control.

Results:

25 patients were identified as being colonized or infected with MRE. Relatedness of the outbreak strain and strains found in cockroaches was demonstrated by pulse field gel electrophoresis. Standard IP interventions did not have an impact on the outbreak until pest control was added. Once additional pest control measures were put in place, the outbreak ended.

Conclusions:

Insects have a potential role in transmission of pathogens in hospitals and their role should be considered when outbreaks are being investigated.
Relationship between defense styles and neurochemical variables of the hippocampus in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Atmaca Murad , Gurok Mehmet Gurkan , Tabara Muhammed Fatih , Yildirim Hanefi
Published: October 2024

This study aims to assess the correlation between NAA (N-acetyl-l-aspartate), CHO (choline), and CRE (creatine) levels in the hippocampus regions of individuals suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and defensive styles of the ego.

The study group was composed of twenty patients with OCD and twenty healthy controls. NAA, CHO, and CRE values in the hippocampal region using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) were measured. Participants’ defense styles were ascertained by administering the Defense Style Questionnaire-40.

The patient group’s NAA levels were considerably lower than the control group’s on both sides of the hippocampus. The levels of CHO and CRE did not significantly differ between the two groups. The following statistically significant correlations were discovered: in the comparison group, there were negative correlations between the scores of mature defense styles and the right and left CHO levels, as well as between the immature defense mechanism scores and the right NAA levels in both the patient and control groups. In the patient group, there were also negative correlations between the left NAA values and the scores of mature defense styles.

OCD patients have lower levels of NAA in the hippocampus. To validate and extend the current findings, more research involving a greater sample size is required.
The not-so-forbidden triad: Evaluating the assumptions of the Strength of Weak Ties
Authors: Neal Zachary P.
Published: October 2024

The Strength of Weak Ties is among the most influential social theories of the past 50 years. However, its prediction that weak ties are especially useful for obtaining novel information is sometimes not supported. To understand why, I investigate whether social networks typically satisfy the theory’s assumptions, and whether the theory’s prediction is robust to violations of its assumptions. First, examining a diverse corpus of 56 empirical social networks, I show that empirical social networks (nearly) satisfy some but not all of the theory’s assumptions. Second, using a simulation of information diffusion, I show that the predicted utility of weak ties is not robust to violations of these assumptions. When the assumptions of the theory are violated, as is common in social networks, access to novel information depends on bridging ties, regardless of their strength. Moreover, when they exist, strong bridges (i.e., bridges with high bandwidth) are more useful than weak bridges (i.e., bridges with low bandwidth). I conclude by recommending that research applying this theory should first consider whether its assumptions are satisfied, and that a tie’s strength and bridgeness should be measured and modeled independently.
SkyMapper Southern Survey: Data release 4
Authors: Onken Christopher A. , Wolf Christian , Bessell Michael S. , Chang Seo-Won , Luvaul Lance C. , Tonry John L. , White Marc C. , Da Costa Gary S.
Published: October 2024

We present the fourth data release (DR4) of the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS), the last major step in our hemispheric survey with six optical filters: u, v, g, r, i, z. SMSS DR4 covers 26 000 deg

$^{2}$

from over 400 000 images acquired by the 1.3 m SkyMapper telescope between 2014-03 and 2021-09. The 6-band sky coverage extends from the South Celestial Pole to

$\delta=+16^{\circ}$

, with some images reaching

$\delta\sim +28^{\circ}$

. In contrast to previous DRs, we include all good-quality images from the facility taken during that time span, not only those explicitly taken for the public Survey. From the image dataset, we produce a catalogue of over 15 billion detections made from

$\sim$

700 million unique astrophysical objects. The typical 10

$\sigma$

depths for each field range between 18.5 and 20.5 mag, depending on the filter, but certain sky regions include longer exposures that reach as deep as 22 mag in some filters. As with previous SMSS catalogues, we have cross-matched with a host of other imaging and spectroscopic datasets to facilitate additional science outcomes. SMSS DR4 is now available to the worldwide astronomical community.
TOWARDS A LEGAL ERA OF ISLANDS: THE INTERNATIONAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL STATUS OF ISLAND TERRITORIES
Authors: Hobbs Harry , Rothwell Donald
Published: October 2024

The characterisation, legal status and future of islands are increasingly prominent in international and legal affairs. This emerging ‘legal era of islands’ demands a clearer understanding of the multiple distinctive legal issues that islands, whether as sub-national political units or as the territory of continental or mainland States, raise. This article conducts the first contemporary study of these issues by examining the international and constitutional legal status of island territories. It finds that although the relationship between islands and mainland States is characterised by incredible diversity, island territories are pursuing a range of innovative strategies to preserve and protect their autonomy.
Crust and Mantle Flow From Central Tibetan Plateau to the Indo‐Burma Subduction Zone
Authors: Timsina Prakash , Hearn Thomas M. , Ni James F.
Published: October 2024

The extremely oblique Indo‐Burma subduction zone exhibits dextral strike‐slip faulting along the Sagaing, Kabaw, and Churachandpur‐Mao Faults as well as east‐west shortening between the Sagaing Fault and Bengal Basin. Through regional stress analysis, considering areas from central Tibet, around the eastern Himalaya Syntaxis, to Burma, it has been determined that the principal compressive stress directions align with the principal strain rates. The northeast‐southwest oriented compressive stress direction from the western Shan Plateau continues into Burma. Notably, P axes align with the topographic gradients, and T axes are sub‐parallel to the topographic contours in the Shan Plateau region south of 27°N. These stress patterns are consistent with a gravitational potential energy induced crustal and mantle flow. The alignment of the fast shear wave with the maximum strain rate and the colinear NW‐SE to E‐W fast direction of the SKS wave and T axis determined from focal mechanisms in the Shan Plateau suggest that the mantle lithosphere deforms in concert with the crust. We suggest crust and mantle flow south of the Red River Fault has resulted in widening of the lithosphere in the Shan Plateau in an east‐west direction. Therefore, the Sagaing Fault has bowed approximately 50–100 km westward if we assume that the Sagaing Fault was originally straight. Our results of regional stress inversion are consistent with late Miocene to present E‐W shortening in the Indo‐Burma subduction zone resulting from the release of gravitational potential energy from the central Tibetan Plateau.
Remote Impacts of Cyclonic Eddies on Productivity Around the Main Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Feloy K. , Powell B. S. , Friedrich T.
Published: October 2024

The Hawaiian Island chain lies on the southern limb of the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, an area characterized by low productivity. In this region, productivity is controlled by several factors, including the island mass effect and mesoscale eddies generated by wind stress curl in the lee of the islands. This study identifies high‐chlorophyll events that occur periodically off the northern coasts of the Main Hawaiian Islands. These events are present in the satellite record and can be reproduced using a regional dynamical model. Model results indicate events are characterized by increases in total phytoplankton and total zooplankton, and a shift in phytoplankton size structure. We show these events are uniquely driven by the presence of cyclonic mesoscale eddies located downstream, on the opposite side of the island chain. While these eddies are known to impact productivity locally, we reveal that nutrients upwelled by these eddies can also be transported around the islands, counter to the mean background flow. These results demonstrate how leeward cyclonic eddies can have far‐reaching, remote impacts on productivity around the Hawaiian Islands.
Deep‐Focus Earthquake Mechanisms at the Subducting Nazca Plate (Peru‐Brazil Border): Cold Slab Behavior in a Warm Plate
Authors: Leite Neto G. S. , Julià J. , Prieto G. A.
Published: October 2024

We calculate focal mechanisms and centroid depths for deep‐focus earthquakes (DFEs) along the Peru‐Brazil border. We obtained a total of 28 focal solutions for events with magnitudes between 4.2 and 7.5 Mw and occurring between 2014 and 2022. Focal mechanisms indicate predominance of normal faulting, demonstrating a rather uniform down‐dip compression (DDC) regime within the plate. The orientations of the nodal planes suggest that earthquakes tend to occur along faults parallel to the local slab strike, although other fault types are documented. Stress orientations derived from the focal mechanisms agree with patterns expected if faulting were initiated by transformational faulting on a metastable olivine wedge (MOW) under DDC. Centroid depths range between 557 and 659 km, defining a narrow seismic zone within the lower portion of the subducting plate and an aseismic upper portion. We suggest that DFEs nucleate through transformational faulting within a narrow MOW preserved at a colder slab segment right above the lower mantle and juxtaposed to a shallower, warmer segment at around 500 km depth. This thermal complexity was possibly produced through flat subduction initiated by the subduction of the Nazca Ridge. We speculate that subduction of other aseismic ridges is possibly controlling the thermal state of the Nazca slab as a whole and, consequently, the depth distribution of DFEs along the South America subduction front.