bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting early outcomes in patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk prostate cancer using prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Meijer Dennie , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Donswijk Maarten L. , Boellaard Thierry N. , Schoots Ivo G. , van der Poel Henk G. , Hendrikse Harry N. , Oprea‐Lager Daniela E. , Vis André N.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To identify predictors of early oncological outcomes in patients who opt for robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) for localized prostate cancer (PCa), including conventional prognostic variables as well as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET).

Patients and Methods

This observational study included 493 patients who underwent RARP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) for unfavourable intermediate‐ or high‐risk PCa. Outcome measurement was biochemical progression of disease, defined as any postoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) value ≥0.2 ng/mL, or the start of additional treatment. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess predictors for biochemical progression, including initial PSA value, biopsy Grade Group (GG), T‐stage on mpMRI, and lymph node status on PSMA PET imaging (miN0 vs miN1).

Results

The median (interquartile range) total follow‐up of all included patients without biochemical progression was 12.6 (7.5–22.7) months. When assessing biochemical progression after surgery, initial PSA value (per doubling; odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.40; P = 0.004), biopsy GG ≥4 vs GG 1–2 (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.18–2.85; P = 0.007), T‐stage on mpMRI (rT3a vs rT2: OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.39–3.27; P = 0.001; ≥rT3b vs rT2: OR 4.78, 95% CI 3.20–7.16; P < 0.001) and miN1 on PSMA PET imaging (OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.02–4.27; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of early biochemical progression of disease.

Conclusion

Initial PSA value, biopsy GG ≥4, ≥rT3 disease on mpMRI and miN1 disease on PSMA PET were predictors of early biochemical progression after RARP. Identifying these patients with an increased risk of early biochemical progression after surgery may have major implications for patient counselling in radical treatment decisions and on patient selection for modern (neo‐)adjuvant and systematic treatments.
Neural Modelling of Flower Bas‐relief from 2D Line Drawing
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Wei , Wang Jinlei , Wang Wenping , Chen Yanzhao , Liu Hui , Ji Zhongping , Zhang Caiming
Published: May 2021

Different from other types of bas‐reliefs, a flower bas‐relief contains a large number of depth‐discontinuity edges. Most existing line‐based methods reconstruct free‐form surfaces by ignoring the depth‐discontinuities, thus are less efficient in modeling flower bas‐reliefs. This paper presents a neural‐based solution which benefits from the recent advances in CNN. Specially, we use line gradients to encode the depth orderings at leaf edges. Given a line drawing, a heuristic method is first proposed to compute 2D gradients at lines. Line gradients and dense curvatures interpolated from sparse user inputs are then fed into a neural network, which outputs depths and normals of the final bas‐relief. In addition, we introduce an object‐based method to generate flower bas‐reliefs and line drawings for network training. Extensive experiments show that our method is effective in modelling bas‐reliefs with depth‐discontinuity edges. User evaluation also shows that our method is intuitive and accessible to common users.
A “Win‐Win” for Soil Conservation? How Indiana Row‐Crop Farmers Perceive the Benefits (and Trade‐offs) of No‐Till Agriculture
Authors: Kawa Nicholas C.
Published: May 2021

To address problems of soil degradation, industrial farmers across the United States have converted to no‐till agriculture, which can mitigate the effects of soil erosion and reduce operating costs without necessarily compromising agricultural output. However, producers still debate the benefits of this practice. Through participant observation and semi‐structured interviews with 14 row‐crop farmers in central Indiana, this study examines farmer perceptions of no‐till as a soil conservation practice. Ethnographic findings reveal that adopters highlight no‐till’s benefits for improving soil quality while also minimizing operating costs, including labor and fuel. However, both adopters and critics alike acknowledge trade‐offs; for example, no‐till disrupts entrenched management practices and norms—from the aesthetics of “clean” fields to the timing of spring planting. Furthermore, some non‐adopters argue that no‐till’s heightened reliance on herbicide contradicts the broader goals of conservation. This study thus shows that while a compelling case can be made for no‐till as an environmental and economic “win‐win,” this narrative also elides ongoing disagreements and trade‐offs linked to its adoption. No‐till’s appeal for many producers is that it advances soil conservation without fundamentally challenging industrial farming’s aspiration for ever‐increasing efficiency and profitability.
Sanitary Crises and “No Contact” Aquaculture: Chilean Fish Farming During the Pandemic
Authors: Thomas Eric H.
Published: May 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has inspired novel strategies for keeping worksites operational and workers safe, with varying degrees of success. In southern Chile, where more than a third of the world’s farmed salmon is produced, the industrial aquaculture sector has been largely successful at avoiding major disruptions and financial losses by mobilizing strategies developed during previous sanitary crises that threatened the health of fish and the industry itself. Here, I engage with the literature on crises and disasters to evaluate these strategies as well as their unintended consequences. I contend that many of the strategies developed to address COVID‐19 as a sanitary crisis and prevent the spread of the virus have deepened the divisions between aquaculture firms and the remote coastal communities where they operate. These social and economic divisions have the potential to undermine the industry’s long‐term viability.
Participación de los pacientes en una intervención de coaching en línea para padres de niños con retraso en el desarrollo
Authors: Ogourtsova Tatiana , O'donnell Maureen , Filliter Jillian H , Wittmeier Kristy ,   Bright Coaching Group, Majnemer Annette
Published: May 2021

Objetivo

Evaluar los procesos de participación de los pacientes en el desarrollo de una nueva intervención de coaching de salud para padres de niños con problemas de desarrollo emergentes.

Método

Se utilizó un diseño de estudio transversal de método mixto. Los investigadores (n=18) y los padres‐asesores (n=9) fueron encuestados utilizando la Herramienta de Evaluación del Compromiso Público y del Paciente (PPEET) en áreas de comunicación/apoyos para la participación, compartiendo puntos de vista/perspectivas, impactos/influencia de la iniciativa de compromiso, y pensamientos finales/satisfacción. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y resúmenes temáticos para analizar los datos.

Resultados

Para ambos grupos de estudio, en las cuatro secciones de la PPEET se observó un alto grado de acuerdo, con respuestas que variaban en gran medida entre 'estoy de acuerdo' y 'estoy muy de acuerdo'. Los informes cualitativos reflejaban que la participación de los pacientes era importante, significativa y tenía un impacto significativo en la calidad del proyecto y en el desarrollo profesional de los investigadores en su comprensión y uso de la metodología orientada al paciente. Los padres‐asesores señalaron los problemas relacionados con la fijación de plazos realistas para proporcionar la retroalimentación y la falta de una representación más amplia entre los miembros.

Interpretación

Se destacaron los beneficios y desafíos de aplicar estrategias orientadas al paciente a un ensayo multicéntrico. Estos se utilizarán para mejorar nuestros procesos de participación.

Lo que este artículo añade

Los investigadores y los padres‐asesores reportaron un compromiso del paciente exitoso y benéfico.

Los facilitadores tomaron en cuenta la diversidad y el compromiso de los miembros, la comunicación, la asociación y los apoyos.

Las barreras para el compromiso fueron reportadas principalmente por padres‐asesores en lugar de investigadores.

Las barreras incluyeron cuestiones de comunicación, homogeneidad de grupo y dificultades de gestión de tareas.

La participación de los pacientes mejoró la relevncia y la calidad del proyecto de investigación.
Adolescent Attachment: A Social Relations Perspective on Family Relations
Authors: De Meulenaere Jan , Stas Lara , Antrop Inge , Buysse Ann , Lemmens Gilbert M.D.
Published: May 2021

While attachment at an early age is almost exclusively determined by parental behavior, variation in the quality of attachment in adolescence seems strong to be influenced by the complex interplay between the adolescent’s internal working model and its environment. To unravel the different sources of variance in adolescent attachment relationships we applied the Social Relations Model. Two parents and two adolescents from 70 relatively well‐functioning families reported on their attachment relationships within a family context. In this study, attachment was conceptualized by two different dimensions of attachment, namely anxiety (for being abandoned) and avoidance (of intimacy). Our findings suggest adolescents experience little attachment anxiety throughout adolescence, but they report significantly more attachment avoidance toward their parents. The variance in the quality of adolescents’ attachment relationships was mainly determined by characteristics of the adolescent and the unique adjustments they make to the attachment figure.
Covariability of Fraser River sockeye salmon productivity and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Rosengard Sarah Z. , Freshwater Cameron , McKinnell Skip , Xu Yi , Tortell Philippe D.
Published: May 2021

Using satellite ocean color measurements and sockeye salmon stock–recruit data from 1995 to 2016, our analysis reveals a significant, positive relationship between Fraser River sockeye productivity and summer chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl‐a) in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska. The correlation is the strongest for the area adjacent to the continental shelf near Kodiak Island (northern Gulf of Alaska), during midsummer of the juvenile sockeye salmon ocean entry year. The inclusion of (Chl‐a) data from this region significantly improved the performance of Ricker stock–recruitment models for ten out of eighteen Fraser River stocks. We discuss the potential oceanographic processes driving the correlation between (Chl‐a) and sockeye productivity. During midsummer, positive sea‐level anomalies in the offshore waters near Kodiak Island suggest the presence of mesoscale eddies, which can transport nutrients to this region and concentrate phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass, thus supporting enhanced sockeye salmon prey abundance. These results suggest a mechanism linking mesoscale oceanographic dynamics to sockeye salmon productivity, and identify a potentially important region for future studies of Fraser River sockeye salmon survival.
Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management
Authors: Kelly Julia , Ibáñez Theresa S. , Santín Cristina , Doerr Stefan H. , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte , Holst Thomas , Lindroth Anders , Kljun Natascha
Published: May 2021

The extreme 2018 hot drought that affected central and northern Europe led to the worst wildfire season in Sweden in over a century. The Ljusdal fire complex, the largest area burnt that year (8995 ha), offered a rare opportunity to quantify the combined impacts of wildfire and post‐fire management on Scandinavian boreal forests. We present chamber measurements of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes, soil microclimate and nutrient content from five Pinus sylvestris sites for the first growing season after the fire. We analysed the effects of three factors on forest soils: burn severity, salvage‐logging and stand age. None of these caused significant differences in soil CH4 uptake. Soil respiration, however, declined significantly after a high‐severity fire (complete tree mortality) but not after a low‐severity fire (no tree mortality), despite substantial losses of the organic layer. Tree root respiration is thus key in determining post‐fire soil CO2 emissions and may benefit, along with heterotrophic respiration, from the nutrient pulse after a low‐severity fire. Salvage‐logging after a high‐severity fire had no significant effects on soil carbon fluxes, microclimate or nutrient content compared with leaving the dead trees standing, although differences are expected to emerge in the long term. In contrast, the impact of stand age was substantial: a young burnt stand experienced more extreme microclimate, lower soil nutrient supply and significantly lower soil respiration than a mature burnt stand, due to a thinner organic layer and the decade‐long effects of a previous clear‐cut and soil scarification. Disturbance history and burn severity are, therefore, important factors for predicting changes in the boreal forest carbon sink after wildfires. The presented short‐term effects and ongoing monitoring will provide essential information for sustainable management strategies in response to the increasing risk of wildfire.
Parallel proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal cellobiose‐dependent regulation of lignocellulase secretion in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
Authors: Xiong Bentao , Wei Linfang , Wang Yifan , Li Jinyu , Liu Xin , Zhou Yunheng , Du Panpan , Fang Hao , Liesche Johannes , Wei Yahong , Li Jisheng , Chen Shaolin
Published: May 2021

High cost of lignocellulases restricts the commercialization of biofuel and bio‐product production from lignocellulosic biomass. Constitutively expressed lignocellulases are considered to degrade cellulose to release small amount of soluble cellodextrins such as cellobiose for further large‐scale production of lignocellulases; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, a triple β‐glucosidase mutant of the model fungus Neurospora crassa, which prevents rapid turnover of cellobiose and thus allows the disaccharide to induce lignocellulases, was applied to perform parallel analyses of proteome and phosphoproteome changes in response to cellobiose and Avicel cellulose. The results revealed shared proteome and phosphoproteome responses to cellobiose and Avicel, corroborating the idea that cellobiose mediates the regulation of lignocellulase expression and secretion. The results further suggest that this regulation is achieved at multiple levels, including epigenetic, transcription, post‐transcription, translation, and post‐translation. Proteome profiling revealed that the proteins upregulated by cellobiose and Avicel were over‐represented in cellulose degradation and degradation product transport pathways. Phosphoproteome profiling revealed that the proteins differentially phosphorylated by cellobiose and Avicel were over‐represented by the pathways such as transcriptional control, protein processing and export, cell wall biogenesis, and cellular signaling. Deletion mutation analysis further suggests that the ER chaperon protein Hsp70‐6, the translocation complex subunit Sec66/Sec71, and the signal peptidase subunit Spc2 are involved in lignocellulase secretion, particularly translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum. Altogether, the results offer a new insight into how cellobiose mediates the regulation of lignocellulase expression and secretion, providing a potential strategy for the strain engineering to improve lignocellulase production.
A worthy conservation target? Revising the status of the rarest bumblebee of Europe
Authors: Ghisbain Guillaume , Martinet Baptiste , Wood Thomas J. , Przybyla Kimberly , Cejas Diego , Gérard Maxence , Rasmont Pierre , Monfared Alireza , Valterová Irena , Michez Denis
Published: May 2021

Against the context of global wildlife declines, targeted mitigation strategies have become critical to preserve what remains of biodiversity. However, the effective development of conservation tools in order to counteract these changes relies on unambiguous taxonomic determination and delineation.

In this study, we focus on an endemic bumblebee species recorded only from the highest altitudes of the Sierra Nevada (Spain), Bombus reinigiellus (Rasmont, 1983). The species has the smallest range of any European bumblebee, along with a restricted diet and an inability to disperse because of its isolated montane distribution, making it an appropriate conservation target. However, through an integrative taxonomic approach including genetics, morphometrics and semio‐chemistry, we demonstrate the conspecificity of this taxon with one of the most common and widespread bumblebee species of Europe, Bombus hortorum (L. 1761). We assign a subspecies status to this endemic taxon (Bombus hortorum reinigiellus comb. nov.) shown to be different in colour and morphology but also in wing shape and relative wing size compared to the other conspecific subspecies.

Following our taxonomic revision, we reassessed the IUCN conservation status of Bombus hortorum both at the continental and Spanish scale. We then propose how historic climatic oscillations of the last Ice age could explain such a phenotypic divergence in a post‐glacial refugium and highlight the critical role of establishing unambiguous taxonomic revision prior to any conservation assessment.
Risk factors in urinary stones: A case–control study
Authors: Gürler Hesna , Gündüz Emine Selda
Published: May 2021

What are the urinary stones risk factors? Is there a relationship between nutritional, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and urinary stones. The aims of this study are to determine risk factors in urinary stones, to examine the relationship between nutritional, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and urinary stones and to compare these variables with those of healthy individuals. Urinary stones are multifactorial diseases. Determining the risk factors that cause urinary stones is vital to take preventive measures for urinary stones and avoiding recurrence. A 1:1 matched case–control study was performed and it included 123 cases and control group. The study data were collected with a questionnaire designed by the researchers. The study results suggested that 73.2% (n = 90) of the participants in the case group and 74.8% (n = 92) of the control group were male, the use of vitamin D was higher and the daily fluid consumption was lower in the case groups. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of urinary stones was 3.9 times higher (OR: 3.9, CI: 2.175–7.180) in patients who had a relative with urinary stones and 2.3 times higher in patients with previous urinary infection (OR: 2.309, CI: 1.200–4.443). It was concluded that a relative with urinary stones, prior urinary infection and usage of vitamin D were risk factors for urinary stones. Nurses should determine risk factors for urinary stones among all population groups and inform the public about the prevention of stone development.
Mission and reconciliation
Authors: Jović Rastko
Published: May 2021

Conflicts and wars often occur, with devastating consequences in society. Attaining reconciliation is a challenging task, especially if each side in the conflict articulates its identity in terms of victimhood through education, history, and memories. Can theology offer an adequate answer and help overcome conflicts and bring forgiveness? Each time we serve the liturgy, we are reminded to remember the future and remember Christ’s ultimate forgiveness. In that sense, worship as a communal and God‐oriented event can remind us of our mission, which is participation in God’s salvific work. This paper offers some theological insights as guidelines for Christians and their respective communities to pursue. Hopefully, theology will prove its ability and strength to foster reconciliation and unity in a suffering world.
“Liturgy emerges from a wound”
Authors: Aldous Benjamin
Published: May 2021

Serious academic reflection and scholarship on the Fresh Expressions of Church (FXoC) movement in the United Kingdom is developing significantly, but there exists almost no such work in South Africa. What has been produced deals with scholars reflecting on their experiences of Fresh Expressions in the United Kingdom (Ian Nell and Rudolph Grobler, “An Exploration of Fresh Expressions as Missional Church: Some Practical‐Theological Perspectives,” NGTT DEEL 55:3–4 (2017), 747–68). This is an unfortunate situation. While there has been a generous response by many churches, there has been little interest, by and large, from the Anglican Church of Southern Africa (ACSA). FXoC is, then, an under‐researched entity in South Africa. This article, part of a larger study, seeks to ask questions about how liturgy might develop from below in a new ecclesial community of marginalized people.
Properties of SiC‐Si made via binder jet 3D printing of SiC powder, carbon addition, and silicon melt infiltration
Authors: Cramer Corson L. , Elliott Amy M. , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Flores‐Betancourt Alexis , Lance Michael J. , Han Lu , Blacker Jesse , Trofimov Artem A. , Wang Hsin , Cakmak Ercan , Nawaz Kashif
Published: May 2021

We report the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic composite materials fabricated by binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) with silicon carbide (SiC) powders, followed by phenolic resin infiltration and pyrolysis (IP) to generate carbon, and a final reactive silicon melt infiltration step. After two phenolic resin infiltration and pyrolysis cycles; porosity was less than 2%, Young's modulus was close to 300 GPa, and the flexural strength was 517.6 ± 24.8 MPa. However, diminishing returns were obtained after more than two phenolic resin infiltration and pyrolysis cycles as surface pores in carbon were closed upon the formation of SiC, resulting in reaction choking and residual‐free carbon and porosity. The instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion of the composite was found to be independent of the number of phenolic IP cycles and had values of between 4.2 and 5.0 ppm/°C between 300 and 1000℃, whereas the thermal conductivity was found to have a weak dependence on the number of phenolic IP cycles. While the manufacturing procedures described here yielded highly dense, gas impermeable, siliconized SiC composites with properties comparable to those of bulk siliconized silicon carbide processed according to conventional techniques, BJ3DP enables the manufacture of objects with complex shape, unlike conventional techniques.
Targeting the glycans: A paradigm for host‐targeted and COVID‐19 drug design
Authors: Pourrajab Fatemeh
Published: May 2021

There is always a need for new approaches for the control of virus burdens caused by seasonal outbreaks, the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential and the development of resistance to current antiviral drugs. The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus‐disease COVID‐19 represented a pandemic threat and declared a public health emergency of international concern. Herein, the role of glycans for the development of new drugs or vaccines, as a host‐targeted approach, is discussed where may provide a front‐line prophylactic or threats to protect against the current and any future respiratory‐infecting virus and possibly against other respiratory pathogens. As a prototype, the role of glycans in the coronavirus infection, as well as, galectins (Gal) as the glycan‐recognition agents (GRAs) in drug design are here summarized. Galectins, in particular, Gal‐1 and Gal‐3 are ubiquitous and important to biological systems, whose interactions with viral glycans modulate host immunity and homeostatic balance.
Boeravinone B alleviates gut dysbiosis during myocardial infarction‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Chen Yu , Peng Lei , Shi Shaoqing , Guo Gang , Wen Heling
Published: May 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common heart disease, and also, it is one of the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease. It is well known that MI causes additional injury during blood flow restoration in ischaemic myocardium. Boeravinone B (BB) is a well‐known antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory drug. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of BB drug against isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced MI in rats in this experimental study, along with we analysed its underlying mechanism. Adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated subcutaneously with ISO (45 mg/kg), then divided into groups and then given BB drug was administered orally. The cardioprotective effect of BB on ISO‐induced MI rats was analysed by estimating the heart injury markers, antioxidant pro‐inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory parameters. We also detected quantified expression of inflammation and apoptosis‐related marker protein family. We estimated the effect of BB drug on GUT microbiota in ISO‐induced MI rats and scrutinized the histopathological variations in heart tissues. BB treatment significantly (P < .001) diminished the level of heart markers such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin (TnT), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK‐MB). BB treatment also altered the antioxidant parameters and reduced the pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the serum and tissues. Additionally, the histopathological aspects demonstrated that the pathological changes observed in the heart tissue of the ISO group rats were suppressed by the BB treatment to varying degrees. Furthermore, the expressions of caspase‐3, p53, caspase‐9, Bax, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cytochrome C, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in the heart tissue were down‐regulated whereas the Bcl‐2 expression seemed to be enhanced. BB treatment not only alleviated ISO‐induced gut dysbiosis by its enhanced specified Firmicutesto‐Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio but also maintained the relative abundance of major bacteria such as Clostridium IV, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium XIVs, Akkermansia and Roseburia. Collectively, our findings showed that the BB drug acted against myocardial infraction and prevented the damage by reducing the oxidative stress and controlling the inflammatory pathways, and gut microbiota.
Theoretical model and experimental study on environmental dissipation mechanism of tapping mode atomic force microscope
Authors: Wei Zheng , Liu Jing , Wei Ruihua , Peng Anjie
Published: May 2021

The phase information reflects the energy dissipation of the probe and sample interactions in tapping mode atomic force microscopes (TM AFMs). In this paper, we use the method of tune test in TM AFM to study the contribution of external environment to energy dissipation by changing the probe position and ambient humidity. Finally, the theoretical and experimental quality factors of air viscous damping, squeeze film damping and liquid bridge force are obtained to characterise energy dissipation. The analytically predicted values of the model established on squeeze film damping, viscous damping and liquid bridge force comparing to the experimental results in this paper is rational. And the comparative analysis results show that the main mechanism of energy dissipation is different at different probe positions and different relative humidness. This result is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of phase imaging experimentally and theoretically.
Masters of the countryside and their enemies: Class dynamics of agrarian change in rural Java
Authors: Habibi Muchtar
Published: May 2021

This paper scrutinizes class dynamics of agrarian change in rural Java. Updating the literature of agrarian change on the island in the 21st century, the study shows how the agrarian ruling class (capitalist farmers and landlords) and classes of labour in contemporary rural Java negotiate over wages and working conditions, mediated by a local institution called a “village meeting.” Apart from dominating the agrarian landscape, capitalist farmers and landlords also occupy powerful positions in non‐agricultural spheres of village life and make themselves “the masters of the countryside.” The discussion on the struggle between the masters of the countryside and their enemies in the classes of labour offers a new understanding of how agricultural wages and working conditions are adjusted in Java. Our study of a Javanese village also highlights the importance of exploring the complexity of class location to understand the nature of class relations. Looking at both class location and class relations in a single analysis offers a fuller understanding of the class dynamics of agrarian change.
CD93 has a crucial role in pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Shehata Wafaa Ahmed , Maraee Alaa Hassan , Tayel Nermin , Mohamed Asmaa S. , Abd El Gayed Eman M. , Elsayed Nehad Badr Abd Elaty , Mostafa Mohammed I. , Bazid Heba A. S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune‐related disorder; inflammation, higher rate of epidermal proliferation, and angiogenesis are the main pathognomonic features. Cluster of differentiation 93 (CD93), an angiogenic element, plays a role in cell adhesion regulation and has a putative function in inflammation.

Objective

To assess CD93 immunohistochemical expression in psoriatic skin and the association of CD93 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2749817 to disease pathogenesis and severity.

Methods

This case‐control study was done on 50 patients with psoriasis vulgaris beside 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Assessment of psoriasis severity was done by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. 3 mm punch skin biopsies were taken from every participant, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD93 antibody were done. Assessment of CD93 rs2749817 gene polymorphism by the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay technique (real‐time PCR) was done.

Results

Immunohistochemical expression of CD93 showed membrano‐cytoplasmic localization in both endothelial and inflammatory cells of cases and controls with significant more positivity in dermal endothelial and inflammatory cells of cases than controls (p = 0.001 and 0.014 respectively). Strong intensity was present in 18 of cases endothelial cells and 24 inflammatory cells with absence in controls (p =  0.001 for both) with significantly higher H‐score and higher percent of positive cells (p  =  0.001 for both).

The TC genotype was lower in patients compared to control (p‐value = 0.006) and CC genotype which was present only in cases (p‐value = 0.021).

Conclusion

Cluster of differentiation 93 has an essential role in psoriasis and an encouraging future therapy for psoriasis.
Use of Hyaluronic acid fillers in treatment of periorbital melanosis induced by tear trough deformity: Anatomical considerations, patient satisfaction, and management of complications
Authors: Nanda Soni , Bansal Shikha , Lakhani Ridhima
Published: May 2021

Background

Periocular melanosis (POM) due to shadow effect of tear trough deformity (TT) does not respond to the conventional treatment modalities. Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are a favurable treatment modality. This area is a high risk for injectables due to its unique anatomy.

Aims

To find role of HA fillers in treatment POM due to TT deformity with special emphasis on practical anatomy, patient satisfaction rate, and management of complications. A correlation of the grade of TT, age of the patient, and patient satisfaction was done. A follow‐up at 1 year was done to assess longevity of results.

Methods

Retrospective study of 60 cases of clinically diagnosed POM (120 TT) due to TT deformity was performed. Each patient was injected with 1 ml, cross‐linked HA 22.5 mg/ml in under‐eye area using 30 G needle or a 25 G cannula. Follow‐up was done at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 1 year.

Results

Mean age of patients was 36.4 years. Majority of patients, that is, 31 (52%) were in the age group of 30–40. As per Hirmand's classification, 46.6% (28/60) had grade 2 TT which was most common. We graded results in the form of VAS and 80% patients had VAS > 7. There were no major side effects.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid fillers are promising treatment modality without any major side effects. Both needle and cannula can be used effectively. Patient satisfaction is higher in younger patients with low grade of TT and results persisted in all cases for a minimum of 1 year.
Parenthood, stress, and well‐being among cisgender and transgender gay and lesbian adults
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chien Hai‐Yen , Wilkins Kiana K. , Gorman Bridget K. , Reczek Rin
Published: May 2021

Objective

This study examines whether and how parenthood status is associated with two key aspects of health—mental well‐being and smoking—among sexual minority adults across three gender identity groups: cisgender gay men, cisgender lesbian women, and transgender gay/lesbian adults.

Background

Parents tend to report worse health than nonparents due to elevated stress associated with parenting. However, most existing scholarship de facto examines parental status and health among cisgender heterosexual adults. Little research has employed an intersectional approach to focus on parenthood and health differences within sexual minority adults across varying gender identities.

Method

Ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models were used to analyze data from the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality Project (N = 2803), a survey of racially diverse sexual and gender minority adults residing in all 50 US states and Puerto Rico.

Results

In a sample composed predominantly of people of color, parenthood status is related to both mental well‐being and smoking status among gay and lesbian adults, but this relationship is inconsistent across cisgender and transgender groups. OLS regression models show that parenthood is positively related to mental well‐being among gay and lesbian transgender people, whereas logistic regression results find that parenthood is associated with higher odds of smoking among cisgender gay men.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that among a sample of sexual and gender minorities composed mostly of people of color, parenthood status is connected with the health and well‐being of gay and lesbian adults in ways that depend on gender identity.
Building Responsible Innovation in International Organizations through Intrapreneurship
Authors: Ambos Tina C. , Tatarinov Katherine
Published: May 2021

Responsible innovation to address grand societal challenges has become the raison d’être of international organizations, such as the United Nations. Although these entities are established to act responsibly, they struggle to innovate. Acknowledging the tensions of this unique context, this study applies an inductive research methodology drawing on eight case studies of intrapreneurial initiatives in socially oriented organizations. The initiatives originated in country offices and scaled either organically (country‐by‐country) or strategically (via headquarters). This distinguishes two ways how the initiatives mitigate different responsible innovation tensions to foster competence development, structural alignment, and mission stretch. The findings add to the literatures on responsible innovation and intrapreneurship in large, complex organizations by uncovering the boundary conditions of non‐profit intrapreneurship, its tensions, and its scaling processes. This study builds theory that intrapreneurial initiatives can foster digital transformation and contribute to the development of an organizational capability for responsible innovation via organizational imprinting.
A mixed methods study reviewing consumer experiences for oral health treatment in Medicaid‐eligible children in Florida
Authors: Zolnikov Tara Rava , Garces Kristin , Masood Azam , King Roderick , Robbins Mary , McGuigan Katelyn
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Oral health is essential to a person's overall health, well‐being, and dignity; unfortunately, dental caries, which can cause pain and difficulty eating, affect approximately 50 percent of children between 6 and 8 years old. This is in part because Medicaid‐eligible children face numerous obstacles obtaining dental care. To date, there are 74 million Americans who do not have dental coverage or access to dental services, which is strongly associated with race, class, gender, and ethnicity. The objective of this research was to identify barriers to accessing and utilizing children's Medicaid oral health care and services, to evaluate care delivery and quality, and to assist in establishing a more consumer‐driven approach.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted throughout the state of Florida, using qualitative and quantitative data collection to seek answers to these questions. There were 422 surveys and 39 interviews distributed to Medicaid‐eligible families and individuals across the state; data collection focused on experiences with oral health care, gaps in current access to Medicaid dental care, and concerns when utilizing care.

Results

Our study shows the majority of barriers parents face when accessing Medicaid oral health care are due to logistical access issues, such as cost, appointment wait‐times, and confusion surrounding which dental providers accept specific insurance plans. The findings also highlight how location, race, language, and ethnicity impact families who lack preventive dental health services access and how, in turn, families view their own access to dental services.

Conclusion

Ultimately, there exists an avenue to implement programs and policies that address existing disparities in oral health to improve health outcomes by increasing access to care and reducing cultural and socioeconomic barriers.
The Playful Writing Project: exploring the synergy between young children's play and writing with Reception class teachers
Authors: Smith Kate
Published: May 2021

This study highlights the potential of play to support young children's mark‐making and writing and, in turn, shows how writing can become a driver of play. By detailing elements of this symbiotic relationship, the intention was for teachers as practitioner–researchers to deepen their professional knowledge of how best to support young children in meaningful writing activity, thereby countering policy‐led reductive understandings of both play and literacy. During a year‐long research project, six English reception class teachers gathered photographs, video and multimodal observations of children and used these to analyse how multimodal mark‐making and writing occurred as part of play in their classrooms. From this analysis, the concept of ‘playful writing’ was developed. This identified three interconnecting characteristics that mark‐making and writing has as part of play activity: social function, multimodal movement and material possibilities. The findings of the study indicate that young children's classroom play stimulates the multimodal, social and material dimensions needed for the creation of meaningful and transformative writing. The study highlights the importance of harnessing teachers' expertise in paying close attention to children's playful literacy, in order to create a strong knowledge base from which to make the best decisions about literacy practices with young children.
A simple macro‐model of COVID‐19 with special reference to India
Authors: Parui Pintu
Published: May 2021

Motivated by the prevailing severe situation in India, we extend the SIR(S) model of infectious diseases to incorporate demand dynamics and its interaction with COVID‐19 spread. We argue that, on one hand, the spread of COVID‐19 creates panic among consumers and firms and negatively affects economic activity. On the other hand, economic activity intensifies the spread of the infection. Initially assuming that recovered individuals do not develop antibodies and become susceptible again, we capture the interaction between economic activity and the spread of the disease in a two‐dimensional dynamical system. We show that a large fiscal expansion combined with measures to boost community health and improve the health sector's capacity to provide critical care can simultaneously improve the economy and control the spread of the disease. Finally, assuming that only a fraction of recovered individuals become susceptible to contracting the diseases again, we obtain richer dynamics in a three‐dimensional dynamical system. This paper also highlights the important role of infection rates and the recovery rate in determining the uniqueness and the stability properties of steady state.
Morphological and genetic identification of fungal genus/species in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens obtained from patients with histologically proven fungal infection
Authors: Sunagawa Keishin , Nakamura Shigeki , Sato Yuko , Iida Shun , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Suzuki Tadaki , Katano Harutaka
Published: May 2021

Background

Although fungi are found relatively easily by microscopic examination of pathological samples, identification of fungal genus and species in pathological samples is not easy because the morphological features of fungi are similar among genera and species.

Objectives

A multiple real‐time PCR was developed for identification of fungal genus/species, and morphological characterizations of fungi were analysed in pathological samples.

Patients/Methods

Seventy‐five formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples morphologically proven to contain any fungus were examined. A multiple real‐time PCR system was developed to identify 25 fungal genus/species in pathological samples. Morphology of fungus in the specimens was re‐reviewed retrospectively based on the results of real‐time PCR.

Results

Real‐time PCR identified fungal genus/species in 56 of 75 (74.6%) specimens with histologically proven fungal infection. In 53 specimens of filamentous fungi, Aspergillus spp. (22 specimens), Cladosporium (8), Scedosporium apiospermum (4), Malassezia sympodialis (1) and Candida albicans (1) were identified. Pseudohyphae of Candida were confused with filamentous fungus in a case. Morphological observation suggested differences in the presence of septated or non‐septated hyphae, the filament size, and the branch angle among genus/species of filamentous fungi; however, genus/species was not able to be determined by their morphological features. In 22 specimens of yeasts, real‐time PCR allowed for the identification of Candida albicans (12 specimens), Candida glabrata (2), Cladosporium (2), Scedosporium apiospermum (2), Pichia kudriavzevii (1) and Aspergillus sydowii (1).

Conclusions

These data suggest that it is difficult to identify fungal genus/species by morphological features alone. Real‐time PCR is useful to identify fungal genus/species in pathological samples.
Naked resting bud morphologies and their taxonomic and geographic distributions in temperate, woody floras
Authors: Schoonderwoerd Kristel M. , Friedman William E.
Published: May 2021

Resting bud cataphylls are often assumed to play an essential protective role in winter due to their widespread presence among temperate, woody plants. This view is challenged by our documentation of significant numbers of temperate woody angiosperm taxa with naked buds that overwinter without cataphyll protection.

We inventoried temperate, woody angiosperm taxa reported to have resting buds without cataphyll protection in winter and for the first time characterised the morphological and functional diversity of naked buds. Using this new classification of bud types, the taxonomic and geographic distributions of taxa with naked buds were summarised and relationships between plant functional traits and bud type were investigated.

Naked buds are not, as long presumed, markedly rare in temperate, woody floras. They occur in at least 87 genera in 42 families throughout the angiosperm phylogeny in various morphologically distinct manifestations. The geographic distribution of species with naked buds in temperate areas was found to be associated with summer precipitation, but not with winter climatic variables.

Resting bud structure is not necessarily a trait optimised solely for winter survival. A taxon’s bud composition may be influenced by factors such as biogeographic history and ontogenetic pattern of leaf formation over the growing season.
Divinity in nursing: The complexities of adopting a spiritual basis for care
Authors: Garrett Bernie
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the historical alignment of nursing with divinity‐based perspectives and modern New Age nursing theories are explored. The nature of divinity in nursing is examined, together with the complexities and issues that arise in adopting a spiritual basis for care. The work of the key theorists in this area (Rogers, Newman, Parse, Watson, Dossey) is reconsidered and fundamental epistemological problems inherent in this approach reviewed. Specific concerns with the interpretation of holistic care, adoption of doxastic logic, faith‐based rationales, influence of Caucasian Judeo‐Christian and New Age values, misappropriation of science, use of pseudoscience and development of divinity as social consumer product are discussed. Practical problems with using a spiritual basis in contemporary nursing practice are also explored and the alignment of divinity‐based nursing theories with the modern antiscience movement is examined. Overall, the re‐emergence of divinity‐based nursing and spiritual basis for care may be problematic, and would seem to counter the development of an inclusive profession. Additionally, the alignment of nursing with antiscience movements rejecting biomedicine has significant public health implications. This is argued as a regressive step for the advancement of the profession.
Covid‐19 Control and the Economy: Test, Test, Test*
Authors: Taamouti Abderrahim
Published: May 2021

Hard lockdowns have left policymakers to face the ethical dilemma of choosing between saving lives and saving the economy. However, massive testing could have helped to respond more effectively to Covid‐19 crisis. In this paper, we study the trade‐off between infection control, lockdown and testing. The aim is to understand how these policies can be effectively combined to contain Covid‐19 without damaging the economy. An extended SIR epidemic model is developed to identify the set of testing and lockdown levels that lead to a reproduction number below one, thus to infection control and saving lives. Depending on whether the testing policy is static or dynamic, the model suggests that testing 4% to 7% of the population is the way to safely reopen the economy and the society.