bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference in the Characteristics of Imposter Syndrome in Dental Students of Preclinical and Clinical Phase
Authors: Khan Munsara Khalid , Khan Khalid Rahim
Published: September 2021

Background: People suffering from imposter syndrome despite being competent consider themselves less skillful and incapable. Such individuals are also more prone to regret their choice of career with consequent early drop out, experience burnout, more prone to medical errors, absenteeism and low job satisfaction.  The current study aims to determine the difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome in dental students of preclinical and clinical phase and its gender predisposition.
Objectives: 1. To find out the frequency and characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students. 2. To evaluate the differences in the characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students of preclinical and clinical year. 3. To determine gender predisposition of imposter syndrome among dental students.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 dental students of CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College. A validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5-point Likert scale was used to collect data by convenient sampling technique. The characteristics of IP were determined by adding the scores of all items. Descriptive statistics were done, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: One hundred and thirty-eight students filled the IP Scale. The frequency of imposter syndrome is found to be 52.1% among Dental Students. Majority (72) of the dental students have frequent to intense imposter feelings. There is non-significant difference in the IP characteristics of male and female students. No significant difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome is found between dental students of preclinical and clinical year.
Conclusions: There frequency of imposter syndrome is high among Dental students. Non-significant difference in the IP characteristics is found between male and female students as well as students of preclinical and clinical year.
Should teens be allowed to consent for vaccines?
Authors: Lantos John
Published: September 2021

Teens and children will need to be vaccinated in order to achieve herd immunity against COVID-19. Most parents are eager to have their teens immunized, whereas some are hesitant. Should teens be allowed to consent to immunization even if their parents’ objects? Vaccines are safe and effective, medically recommended, and good for both the individual and the community. Inspite of these powerful arguments, the law lags behind. Most parents want their teens to be immunized. Most vaccine-hesitant parents ultimately agree to vaccination. Furthermore, teens who get COVID generally have mild cases. For now, the law in most states does not permit teens to consent to the COVID-19 vaccine without parental permission.
From the Chief Editor's Desk
Authors: Shahid Adeela
Published: September 2021

Medical journals are a credible source of disseminating research and innovations, and Launching a medical journal is a challenging task. Many medical science journals are establishing a platform to publish quality research but still the task is tough and requires perseverance and hard work. Shalamar Medical and Dental College (SMDC) Lahore, strives to promote a culture of research. As part of this initiative, SMDC had launched ‘Medical Journal of Sakina Begum Institute’, but publication of the second volume was delayed due to the pandemic. Moreover, the name of the journal had to be changed due to some administrative issues. However, the committed editorial team was successful in bringing efforts for the latest issue to fruition.
Epiphyseal Fusion of Iliac Crests in Male and Female Adolescents: An Age Estimation Criterion
Authors: Maqsood Muhammad , Muhammad Zahid Bashir Muhammad Zahid Bashir , Muhammad Kashif Butt Muhammad Kashif Butt , Faizan Maqsood Faizan Maqsood
Published: September 2021

Background: Determination of age depends upon physical examination, dental assessment, and skeletal evaluation. The radiological examination of bone for appearance and fusion of ossification centers helps in the assessment of skeletal maturity as the process occurs in a particular sequence which is almost constant for that particular bone.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the age of fusion of iliac crest by radiological examination of subjects of age bracket 17-25 years coming to Shalamar Hospital Lahore
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, radiological examinations (Digital X-Rays) were performed to evaluate the fusion of Iliac Crest in 200 subjects of both genders of 17 – 25 years. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 23. Conclusions were drawn and compared with available results of previous work done in this field.
Results: Out of 200 subjects, there were 132 males (66 %) and 68 females (34%). The mean ± SD age of both genders was 20.41± 2.55. There were 93 cases (70.45%) of complete fusion among males, showing 100 % union in the age groups of 21-25 years, while 40 cases (58.83%) of complete union among females were observed during 20-25 year of age groups. The mean ± SD age of complete union for males was 20.67± 2.61 years and for females 19.90 ± 2.38 years, with a significant p value of <0.05. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was observed among people of different socio-economic statuses. No difference was observed among different ethnic groups.
Conclusions: The fusion of the iliac crest is not affected by ethnicity. Factors like diet and nutrition directly affect bone growth and hence bone age. More studies should be conducted across the country to formulate a standard in setting up a uniform criterion for assessing the age of adolescents
Emotive Language in Online News: The Case of Awani News Channel
Authors: Kadri Hamdi Khalis , Yahya Nidana , Khalib Farahnaz
Published: September 2021

Employing emotive words in news writing is one of the most common strategies in today’s newspaper reporting. Emotive words are usually used in writings to evoke readers’ emotion on the subject. It is important for a reader to be aware of this phenomenon so they would not be easily manipulated by provoking news articles. However, in Malaysia where the news media is still being controlled strictly by regulations and ethics, are emotive words the commonly employed strategy by journalists? This study intends to discover the usage of emotive words in news reporting in Awani News. The data for this study are the ‘viral’ news articles on one of the social media, Twitter. The tweets with mass number of engagements were taken and the article from the link attached with those tweets were analysed. From the analysis, the researcher found that generally, Awani News was able to keep their objectivity in reporting the news article but not in the headlines. However, there were also some instances where the news channel used emotive words heavily in their news reporting. Out of 14 news articles analysed, there were 13 headlines that contained emotive words/phrases and 32 emotive words/phrases within the news articles. But, the employment of emotive words in the news articles is not even as there are news articles that have 9 emotive words/phrases and there are also news articles that do not contain any of them.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIOLATED GUM KONDAGOGU AND EVALUATION AS MUCOADHESIVE POLYMER
Authors: Patil Ashwin A. , Patil Ketan B. , Zawar Laxmikant R.
Published: September 2021

Present work focused on thiolation for enhancing the mucoadhesive potential of Gum kondagogu (GK). Thiolation of GK was done by esterification process with 80 % thioglycolic acid in presence of 7N HCl. Thiolated Gum kondagogu (ThioGK) was determined to possess 1.59 ±0.04 mmol of thiol groups/g of the polymer by Ellman’s method. ThioGK was characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, XRD, and FE-SEM. The tablets were prepared by direct compression using 75 mg of ThioGK and GK. Tablets containing ThioGK (F1) and GK (F2) were subjected to evaluation of weight variation, hardness and friability and show enhanced disintegration time, swelling behavior, drug release and mucoadhesion. In vitro drug release of batch F1 exhibits complete release of drug in 24 hr with zero order release kinetics. Comparative mucoadhesive strength was studied using chicken ileum by texture analyzer and revealed higher mucoadhesion of tablet containing ThioGK. From the above study, ThioGK was suitability exploited as mucoadhesive sustained release matrix tablet.
SIMPLE, COST EFFECTIVE UV-VIS METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ELVITEGRAVIR (EVG) IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORM BY QBD APPROACH AND IN PRESENCE OF MAMMALIAN PLASMA
Authors: Ghante Minal R. , Masale Akash C. , Jagtap Supriya G. , Sawant Sanjay D. , Nikam Vandana S.
Published: September 2021

A simple, cost effective, UV-VIS spectrophotometric method for analysis of elvitegravir (EVG) in the presence of plasma was developed to facilitate the assessment of clinical samples or as a routine alternative tool in drug quality control laboratories for quantitative estimation of EVG. The present work delineates the estimation of EVG in 50μl of rat plasma that is directly dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subjected to analysis. Firstly, estimation of EVG in pure and dosage form was developed and validated using analytical quality by design (QbD) as per ICH Q2 (R1), Q8 (R2) guidelines. Validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and recovery were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). The % RSD for accuracy, precision and robustness was found to be < 2%. The detection of EVG in DMSO spiked with plasma showed asymmetrical curves that were transformed by deconvolution techniques. The deconvoluted spectra were symmetrical and linearity plot having a coefficient of regression of 0.999 was obtained. The proposed method could be further utilized for the estimation of EVG in biological samples.
EFFECT OF SOLVENTS IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE IN MARKETED FORMULATION
Authors: Choudhury Priyabati , Roy Smriti , Adhikari Lopamudra , Pattanaik Sovan
Published: September 2021

Chromatography is the procedure for analysing a multicomponent mixture of trace, minor or major constituent by separaationinto its individual fractions.For the analytical determination of sildenafil in pharmaceutical dosages forms an expeditious & sensitive RP-HPLC method is described.The mobile phase composition for chromatographing sildenafil was acetonitrile: methanol: water(60:25:15, V/V/V) with a flow rate of 1mL/min using C18 column. The internal standard selected was racecadotril and its eluents were observed at 217nm. The retention time was 4.919 min for the drug. Between 5-200μg/mL the linearity of this method was observed. For analysis of drug in tablets, the depicted method was found to be appropriate. The results of the analysis was evaluated statistically. The method were found to be robust, accurate and economic with a major advantage of column longevity, as buffer was not used throughout the method. Hence the proposed method can be extended for routine analysis.
IN VITRO EVALUATION FOR PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BAMBOO LEAVES AGAINST GAMMA RADIATION INDUCED GENETIC DAMAGE AND THEIR POLYPHENOLS QUANTIFICATION USING RP-HPLC
Authors: Patel Mansi , Tewari Shikha , Bhayani Dhara , Bakshi Sonal , Patel Snehal , Mehta Priti
Published: September 2021

Radioprotector is the prime antidote to radiation injury. The desire to search an ideal radioprotector led us to explore natural sources. Bamboo species are known for theirimmense medicinal potential such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory activities and are enriched with polyphenolic phytoconstituents. In CBMN assay, the pre-treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with varying concentration of bamboo leaf extract before exposure to different doses of γ- radiation resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) decline of radiation induced micronuclei. Among all the selected species, Bambusa arundinacea showed highest protection ~70% at 9 μg/mL concentration. Through RP-HPLC analysis, compared to other species, B. arundinacea showed presence of all selected polyphenols to the highest extent. The results favour the direct correlation of radioprotective activity and the amount of polyphenol, indicating the role of bamboo polyphenols as radioprotector against gamma radiation induced genetic damage.
DETECTION OF IMIDACLOPRID RESIDUES IN SPINACH BY HPLC AND ITS EFFECT ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Thorat Swapnali Ashok , Dharanguttikar Vyankatesh Ravindra , Adnaik Rahul Shivaji , Mohite Shrinivas Krishna
Published: September 2021

Imidacloprid is an insecticide for the control of green peach aphids on selected fruits and vegetables. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is used as a functional food for its wholesome nutritional, antioxidants and anti-cancer composition. In the present study, HPLC technique is applied to detect Imidacloprid residues in fresh Spinach, when treated with legal and illegal doses by some farmers. Samples of fresh bio-vegetables were bought and divided into three groups (blank, group treated with legal dose and group treated with illegal dose of Imidacloprid). Freeze-dried samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, filtered and evaporated till dryness. Interestingly, comparison of antioxidant activity of organic spinach sample (not exposed to pesticide) with treated samples (propylgallate positive control having 100% antioxidant activity) showed reduction of antioxidant activity for the treated samples (spinach sample with illegal dose) but slightly higher in spinach sample with legal dose. These results indicate a lower nutritional quality of the treated Spinach with illegal doses.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEED OF MEDICINAL HERB, ARECA CATECHU LINN. AND EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ARECOLINE IN AQUEOUS AND ORGANIC EXTRACTS
Authors: M Sumithra , N Ishwarya , P Shanmugasundaram , M Vijeyaanadhi , G. Dineshnath
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study was to extract the active constituent of Areca catechu Linn (Arecaceae) and evaluate the anthelmintic effect of arecoline. liquid liquid extraction was used to extract the arecoline from areca nut. polar and nonpolar solvents were used for extraction. The anthelmintic activity was performed by in vitro studies using adult earthworm (Pheretima posthuma). The anthelminitic test was performed for both extracts and the results compared by using piperazine citrate as reference standard. Water and Hexane there used as polar and non polar solvent for extraction. The hexane extract produced maximum anthelmintic activity with minimum concentration.The hexane and aqueous extracts of nuts of areca catechu exhibited significant anthelmintic activity, as evidenced by decreased paralyzing time and death time. The results support the use of areca catechu as an anthelmintic agent.
The Power of Continuing Professional Development on EFL Teachers’ Creativity
Authors: Mohammadifar Fatemeh , Tabatabaee-Yazdi Mona
Published: September 2021

Creativity has played a leading role in education that not only attracts many learners but also teachers. According to Ismail, Desa, and Balakrishnan (2018) creativity is one of the main skills that is extremely noticeable in teaching. Moreover, because of the alteration of generation and expansion of knowledge and technology, the instruction requires creative teachers that can use up-to-date and modern techniques. Within this framework, the researcher tried to investigate any significant relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and their creativity. To comply with the objective, a total of 210 Iranian EFL teachers took part in this study. For gathering the data two questionnaires were administered through Google Form that shared via social media like Telegram and WhatsApp. The results of correlation analyses revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ CPD and their creativity. Accordingly, this study proposed a structural model to examine CPD factors contributing to EFL teachers’ creativity. Due to the outcome of SEM, collaborating is the best predictor of Iranian EFL teachers’ creativity. Moreover, this study provides evidence that there is no significant difference in the level of Iranian EFL teachers’ creativity between male and female teachers and years of teaching experience. Together these results provide important insights into the significant role of CPD on the teachers’ creativity. These findings provide a potential mechanism for teachers, supervisors, and administrators of English language institutes or schools to elevate teachers’ creativity knowledge, and education by applying beneficial practices and activities of CPD.
A new Siphocypraea species from the Immokalee Reef Tract (Unit 2) of the Tamiami Formation, Florida
Authors: Berschauer David , Waller David
Published: September 2021

A new species of Siphocypraea is described from the Immokalee Reef Tract(Unit2), Tamiami Formation that represents an evolutionary link between Siphocypraea (Lokossea) dimasi Petuch,1998 and S.(L.) mulepenens is Petuch, 1991.
Description of four species of Marginella, Lamarck, 1799, from the Neogene beds of Algarve, Portugal and Port Elizabeth, South Africa, respectively
Authors: Aikin Roy
Published: September 2021

The relative similarity between Marginella’s from the Neogene in Portugal and Italy, and South Africa, is investigated, and comparative living species are illustrated, with four new fossil species described and the redescription of Marginella stephaniae.
Description of Hyalina cunhai, a new species of Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the eastern seaboard of Brazil
Authors: Minor Daniel
Published: September 2021

A new species of the marginellid genus Hyalina is described from Brazil. The new species Hyalina cunhai is compared to four other western Atlantic Hyalina species, including H. avenacea Deshayes, 1844, H. moolenbeeki Espinosa & Ortea, 2012, H. pallida Linnaeus, 1758, H. tenuilabra Tomlin, 1917, and five western Atlantic Volvarina species, including V. adrianadiae Cossignani, 2006, V. af inis Reeve, 1865, V. brasiliana Boyer, 2000, V. frazzinii Cossignani, 2006 and V. lactea Kiener, 1841. When compared to these similar species, H. cunhai varies from them with distinct differences in body shape, spire, lip, and body ornamentation
Patient-Reported Outcomes for Fractures of the Acetabulum: A Comparison Between Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System and Traditional Instruments
Authors: Schumaier Adam P. , Matar Robert N. , Ramalingam Wendy G. , Archdeacon Michael T.
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

The objective of this study was to compare instruments from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) with previously validated acetabulum fracture outcome instruments.

Methods:

This study included adult patients presenting for routine follow-up at least 3 months after surgical treatment of an acetabulum fracture. Participants completed four different patient-reported outcomes in a randomized order: PROMIS Mobility, PROMIS Physical Function, Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA). Primary outcomes were the correlations between instruments, floor/ceiling effects, and survey completion time. The effects of age, education, and race on survey completion time were also evaluated.

Results:

Overall strong correlations were observed between PROMIS instruments and the SMFA/SF-36 (r = 0.73 to 0.86, P < 0.05) with weaker, more moderate correlations in those with >18 months of follow-up (r = 0.41 to 0.76, P < 0.05). No instruments demonstrated notable floor or ceiling effects. The PROMIS outcomes required less time to complete (PROMIS [56 to 59 seconds] than SF-36 [5 minutes 22 seconds] and SMFA [6 minutes 35 seconds]; P < 0.001). Older individuals required more time to complete the PROMIS PF (0.5 s/yr, P = 0.03), SF-36 (2.35 s/yr, P = 0.01), and SMFA (3.85 s/yr, P < 0.01). Level of education did not affect completion time; however, African Americans took significantly longer than Caucasians to complete the SMFA and SF-36 by 151 and 164 seconds (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

This study supports that the PROMIS Mobility and Physical Function surveys are much more efficient instruments for evaluating patients with acetabulum fractures when compared with the SMFA and SF-36. Convergent validity of the PROMIS instruments was overall strong but weaker and more moderate in those with a long-term follow-up, and additional study is suggested for longer-term outcomes. Level of education did not influence survey completion time; however, it took markedly longer time for older individuals and African Americans to complete the SMFA and SF-36.
Unplanned Emergency and Urgent Care Visits After Outpatient Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Williams Benjamin R. , Smith Lauren C. , Only Arthur J. , Parikh Harsh R. , Swiontkowski Marc F. , Cunningham Brian P.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

This study sought to determine (1) incident risk, (2) chief report, (3) risk factors, and (4) total cost of unplanned healthcare visits to an emergency and/or urgent care (ED/UC) facility within 30 days of an outpatient orthopaedic procedure.

Methods

This was a retrospective database review of 5,550 outpatient surgical encounters from a large metropolitan healthcare system between 2012 and 2016. Statistical analysis consisted of measuring the ED/UC incident risk, respective to the procedures and anatomical region. Patient-specific risk factors were evaluated through multigroup comparative statistics.

Results

Of the 5,550 study patients, 297 (5.4%) presented to an ED/UC within 30 days of their index procedure, with 23 (0.4%) needing to be readmitted. Native English speakers, patients older than 45 years, and nonsmokers had significant reduced relative risk of unplanned ED or UC visit within 30 days of index procedure (P < 0.01). In addition, hand tendon repair/graft had the greatest risk incidence for ED/UC visit (11.0%). Unplanned ED/UC reimbursements totaled $146,357.34, averaging $575.65 per visit.

Discussion

This study provides an evaluation of outpatient orthopaedic procedures and their relationship to ED/UC visits. Specifically, this study identifies patient-related and procedural-related attributes that associate with an increased risk for unplanned healthcare utilization.
Organizational Leadership Styles and Utilization of Evaluation Results
Authors: Okul Edwin Ochieng , Nyonje Raphael O.
Published: September 2021

The greatest concern in programme management, given the potential of programme or project evaluations to inform decision-making, remains how to ensure the results of an evaluation are used for the intended purpose and how information from an evaluation process and/or the products are applied to practices and decision-making processes. This article presents a research that sought to explore the degree to which organizational leadership style impacts the use of evaluation findings for programme improvement. Based on the pragmatic paradigm and informed by the Utilization Focused Evaluation Model and Knowledge Use Theory, the research adopted a descriptive and correlational design using mixed methods. The study’s sample comprised of 232 project staff from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) based in Kisumu Central Sub-County, Kenya. Content analysis method that involved coding and identifying themes from respondents’ responses was used to analyse the qualitative data obtained from key informant interviews. Both percentages and frequencies were used to summarize the quantitative data. The instrument reliability was assessed through pilot testing and Cronbach alpha of 0.908 attained. A hypotheses H01: Leadership style does not significantly influence utilization of evaluation results was tested at α = .05 level of significance, but it was rejected because P = 0.000 < 0.05. The study established a statistically significant relationship between organizational leadership style and the utilization of evaluation results. In so doing, it reinforces the existing literature by helping to understand the way organizational leadership style influences the utilization of evaluation results. It fills a gap in the literature, thereby contributes to the appreciation of the factors that enhance and predict the utilization of evaluation results.
Paisajes tradicionales asistidos por galerías drenantes: un patrimonio cultural y territorial amenazado
Authors: López Fernández José Antonio
Published: September 2021

El uso del agua ha configurado paisajes a lo largo de la historia en ámbitos áridos y semiáridos, como es el caso de la Región de Murcia, gracias a los sistemas de galerías drenantes, que han permitido la creación de espacios regados y la configuración de un patrimonio territorial y cultural. Sin embargo, los sondeos profundos y los cambios en el territorio desde los años 80 del siglo XX están provocando el abandono de estos ingenios hidráulicos. La investigación trata de determinar las características de estos complejos de abastecimiento a través del análisis de documentación y el trabajo de campo. Los resultados muestran el paulatino abandono de estas construcciones, lo cual se traduce en la pérdida de paisajes históricos, caracterizados por la presencia de un patrimonio hidráulico singular. Se requiere su puesta en valor y la adopción de medidas para reconocer este legado patrimonial.
Psychologie für die Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Jürgens Barbara
Published: September 2021

The second, updated edition of this textbook offers an introduction tailored to the special needs and requirements of the study and professional practice of social work. It focuses on the psychological topics that are particularly important for the professional work of social workers on the one hand and that are required by most examination regulations on the other. These include selected areas of learning psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, educational and family psychology, and clinical psychology. Examples from research and everyday professional life illustrate the topics dealt with in comprehensible language. References to important definitions and explanations, references to supplementary literature, questions for self-testing, an index and suggestions for final theses support the learning process and facilitate exam preparation.
Das Verhältnis zwischen Marken- und Lauterkeitsrecht beim Schutz von Unternehmenskennzeichen
Authors: Chai Yaotian
Published: September 2021

Company signs can be protected by trademark law and unfair competition law. However, can the two legal instruments be applied cumulatively? If the results obtained under the two laws conflict with each other, how can the conflict be resolved?

The German Federal Court of Justice has confirmed the principle of cumulative application in the Hard-Rock-Café judgement in 2013. However, in this case, the result under unfair competition law was aligned with that under trademark law. This approach seems doubtful.

This comparative study seeks to delimit the application domain of unfair competition law besides trademark law by protection of company signs and to find the appropriate approach by contradictory results.
Der privatrechtliche Vertrag als Handlungsform im Steuerverfahrensrecht
Authors: Lapp Nele Marlena
Published: September 2021

The form of action of the contract is classically anchored in private law as a consensual means of enforcing individual means. Nevertheless, it is recognized that the administration may also make use of private law in addition to its public forms of action, but the tax administration, as an intervention administration, is subject to strict obligations and limitations. In the present work it is presented which possibilities are permissible for the tax administration to act by private-law contract, which is to be considered by it and which consequences result from it. In particular, § 48 para. 2 AO, the tax guarantee according to §§ 241 para. 1 no. 7, 245 AO and the insolvency plan procedure are taken into consideration.
Nasolabial Angle in Profiles Perceived as Attractive: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mohammadi Shekoufeh , Eslamian Ladan , Motamedian Saeed Reza
Published: September 2021

Context: The nose and lips area play an important role in facial appearance and nasolabial angle (NLA) can be considered as a determinant factor for attractiveness. The perception of beauty and attractiveness is vastly influenced by media and thus, can change with trends over time. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature on NLA in faces perceived as attractive over time and in different ethnic groups. Evidence Acquisition: This study was performed following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. We conducted an electronic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases with the employment of MeSH and free text terms "beauty"[MeSH], "esthetics"[MeSH], "soft tissue", "nasolabial angle", "attractive" and "cephalometric analysis". The inclusion criteria were studies that indicated facial attractiveness by a panel of at least 10 judges, evaluated the soft tissue profile characteristics, and reported the preferred NLA. Results: The search results revealed 271 related articles, of which 21 studies investigated NLA as a conducive factor in profile attractiveness and were included in the review. The range of preferred NLA was 86° to 107° for men and 84° to 123.12° for women. Conclusions: The most pleasing lip position and subsequently NLA is influenced by variables including the observer and subject’s gender, and their ethnic background as well as time. Over all, NLA in faces perceived as attractive is more obtuse in women than men. Compared to white norms, NLA is more acute among Chinese and African-Americans, while amongst Iranian women, it is not distinctly far from North American Caucasians. Over the course of time, preferred NLA has significantly changed in women but has been unwavering in men.
A Comprehensive Review on Covid-19
Authors: Hassanpour Seyyed Hossein , Nikbakht Jafar
Published: September 2021

: During the past two decades, multiple viral epidemics have emerged, including the epidemics of H1N1 influenza in 2009 and the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 - 2003. Moreover, the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially recognized in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Recently, cases of another lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) were discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, on December 31st 2019, and reported to the WHO country office in the country. Studies in the field have referred to the identification of first symptomatic people in early December 2019. Since experts in the field could not determine the causative agent of the disease, they mistakenly categorized the first reported cases as pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE). Therefore, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), as well as local CDCs, arranged a full outbreak investigation plan, ascribing the etiology to a newly discovered virus of the coronavirus (CoV) family (i.e., the causative agent of COVID-19).
Académicas enREDadas en cuarentena
Authors: Navarro Astor Elena , Guardiola Víllora Arianna
Published: September 2021

El 30 de enero del 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declara la emergencia de salud pública global por Covid-19. En mayo, los habitantes de un gran número de países se encuentran confinados. La cuarentena implica que toda actividad laboral no esencial se desarrolla en modo teletrabajo, transformando las tareas académicas e investigadoras al modo no-presencial. En esta comunicación se muestran las vicisitudes de un grupo internacional de mujeres académicas que compatibilizan la  investigación y la docencia universitaria con la maternidad. Conectadas a través Facebook, comparten durante la pandemia una serie de memes que reflejan sus estados de ánimo, retos y expectativas. Se elige el formato meme por constituir una de las grandes revoluciones mediáticas recientes y por su forma novedosa y original de transmitir información, impactando al receptor y despertando su empatía. 45 imágenes visibilizan experiencias del conflicto familia-trabajo, frustración con la productividad, espacios laborales caseros y docencia telemática.

The World Health Organization declares a global public health emergency due to Covid-19 on January 30, 2020. The population of a large number of countries is confined in May. The lockdown means that all non-essential work activity is carried out from home, transforming all academic and research tasks into remote mode. This paper shows the hurdles of an international group of women academics who combine research and teaching with motherhood. Connected through Facebook, they share a series of memes during the pandemic that reflect their moods, challenges and expectations. The meme format was chosen because it constitutes one of the great media revolutions of recent years and due to its novel and original way of transmitting information, impacting the recipient and awakening his or her empathy. 45 images make visible their experiences of the work-family conflict, frustration with productivity, home work spaces and on-line teaching.
Habitar el confinamiento: una lectura a través de la fotografía y la danza contemporáneas
Authors: Aguilar Alejandre María , Carrascal Pérez María F. , Guerra Sarabia Inmaculada Concepción
Published: September 2021

La experiencia docente “Habitar el confinamiento: una lectura a través de la fotografía y la danza conteporánea” perteneciente al curso “Narrativa visual aplicada a la fotografía” surge como una necesaria reformulación de la materia “Danza y Ciudad”, debido a las condiciones de confinamiento a las que se vio abocada la sociedad española debido a la irrupción de la pandemia generada por la Covid-19. Este módulo que incluye trabajo de campo in situ en distintos espacios de la ciudad donde los estudiantes fotografían dichos lugares mientras son habitados y bailados por un conjunto de bailarines, necesitó de un rápido rediseño a través del cual, sin perder los objetivos docentes, se consiguieran desarrollar las actividades adaptadas a la situación anteriormente mencionada. Esta comunicación muestra los cambios producidos en esta experiencia docente y sus resultados, para lo cual, hace previamente un recorrido por su situación y características anteriores al estado de alarma.

The teaching experience "Inhabiting confinement: a reading through photography and contemporary dance" belonging to the course "Visual Narrative applied to photography" arises as a necessary reformulation of the subject "Dance and City" as a result of confinement conditions in Spain due to Covid-19. This subject that includes field work in situ where the students photograph several urban places while they are being danced by a group of dancers, required a rapid redesign to be adapted to the aforementioned situation. This paper shows the changes produced in this teaching experience and its results, for which, it previously presents a review of its situation and characteristics prior to the state of alarm.
¿Arquitectura a distancia? Comparando las docencias remota y presencial en Urbanismo
Authors: Ruiz-Apilánez Borja , García-Camacha Irene , Solís Eloy , Ureña José María de
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la viabilidad de una docencia a distancia de Arquitectura, adaptando el modelo de enseñanza presencial mediante el uso de las TIC. Se analiza el caso de las asignaturas de Urbanismo de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Toledo (España), en las que, debido al confinamiento provocado por la pandemia de la COVID-19, los estudiantes experimentaron ambos modos docentes. A través del análisis de un cuestionario destinado a recoger la percepción del alumnado sobre ambas modalidades, el estudio muestra: a) un grado de satisfacción con la docencia no presencial que, en general, no es significativamente inferior que con la presencial; b) la mayor eficacia y eficiencia del modelo presencial; c) la posibilidad de incorporar algunas de las metodologías a distancia a la docencia presencial; y d) el efecto negativo sobre la experiencia del estudiante derivado de los problemas con las TIC.

This article presents the results of an investigation on the viability of a distance teaching of Architecture, adapting the face-to-face teaching model using ICT. The study analyses the Urban Design and Planning courses of the Toledo School of Architecture in Spain where, due to the confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the students experienced both teaching modes. Through the analysis of a questionnaire designed to collect the student's perception of both modalities, the study shows: a) a degree of satisfaction with non-face-to-face teaching that, in general, is not significantly lower than with face-to-face teaching; b) the greater effectiveness and efficiency of the face-to-face model; c) the possibility of incorporating some of the distance methodologies into face-to-face teaching; and d) the negative effect on the student's experience derived from problems with ICT.
¿Materia o bit? maqueta real o virtual como herramienta del taller integrado de proyectos
Authors: Tárrago-Mingo Jorge , Martín-Gómez César , Santas-Torres Asier , Azcárate-Gómez César
Published: September 2021

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la utilidad docente de la maqueta en dos posibles formatos, material y virtual, teniendo como campo de estudio el Taller Integrado de Proyectos (TIP) de quinto curso de la ETSA de la Universidad de Navarra[1] , y a la luz de la experiencia del estado de alarma a causa de la pandemia global por COVID-19. Se diferencian y analizan las debilidades y fortalezas de ambas alternativas en función del momento del desarrollo del proyecto, la disponibilidad de medios, la naturaleza del TIP, el trabajo en grupo o individual, la adaptación de la docencia al formato de taller no presencial provocada por estados de confinamiento y su aplicabilidad en relación con las asignaturas técnicas que desarrollan el proyecto. Como herramienta de trabajo se ha confeccionado una encuesta enviada a profesores de proyectos de otras escuelas de arquitectura, nacionales e internacionales, que han sido además invitados al TIP en alguna ocasión. Preguntas y resultados, así como las observaciones aportadas por los 32 participantes definitivos se incluyen como anexo.

The main objective of this paper is determining the pedagogical utility of the architectural model in two possible formats, physical and virtual, having as a field of study the Taller Integrado de Proyectos (hereinafter, TIP) of the fifth year of the School of Architecture of the University of Navarra, and under the experience of the recent confinement due to the global COVID-19 pandemia. The weaknesses and strengths of both formats are differentiated and analyzed depending on the time of the project's temporal development, the availability of means, the nature of the TIP, the group or individual work and the adaptation of the teaching to remote modes, as well as its applicability in relation to the technical subjects that define the project. To prepare this paper, a survey has been drawn up and sent to professors from other national and international Schools of Architecture, who have also been invited to the TIP on some occasion. Questions and results, as well as comments by the 32 definitive participants, are included as an appendix.
Proyectando un territorio Expo: grupos mixtos engarzando el evento con la ciudad existente
Authors: Gavilanes Vélaz de Medrano Juan , Castellano Pulido Javier , Fuente Moreno Jesús de la , Torre Fragoso Ciro de la
Published: September 2021

Una Expo Especializada nos brinda una ocasión incomparable para reflexionar sobre el futuro y crecimiento de la ciudad y sobre lo que supone organizar un acontecimiento de estas características. Abordar este tema en el aula supone enfrentarse a una tarea compleja. La temporalidad del evento no solo obliga a pensar en un diseño flexible que no solo engarce con los sistemas de comunicaciones, transportes, energía y ciudadanía sino que también desde su misma concepción, atienda al día después y a su continuación con la trama urbana. Para esta experiencia se ha buscado impulsar el aprendizaje cooperativo transversal entre alumnos de distintas asignaturas de proyectos arquitectónicos, afines pero pertenecientes a distintos niveles del grado. La estrategia didáctica ha consistido en trabajar en constante intercambio de escalas arquitectónicas y urbanas, incentivando el trabajo en equipo como una forma de simulación profesional.

A Specialized Expo gives us an incomparable occasion to reflect on the future and growth of the city and what it means to organize an event of these characteristics. Approaching this topic in the classroom means facing a complex task. The temporality of the event not only forces us to think of a flexible design that connects with the existing communication, transport, energy and citizenship networks but also, from its very conception, attend to the day after and the continuity with the urban fabric. We have sought to promote a cooperative transversal learning experience between students of different architectural design courses, related but belonging to different years of the Degree. The didactic strategy has been to work in a constant interchange of architectural and urban scales, encouraging teamwork as a form of professional simulation.
Urbanismo participativo para la docencia sobre espacio público, llegó el confinamiento
Authors: Telleria Andueza Koldo , Otamendi Irizar Irati
Published: September 2021

La participación ciudadana en la producción del espacio urbano es una necesidad aceptada e impulsada por la agenda global, así como en muchas agendas locales. En esta comunicación se describe una adaptación metodológica, proveniente de las ciencias sociales, empleada para desarrollar un proceso de investigación proyectual aterrizado en el territorio y que permite colaborar con sus gentes. Asimismo, se comparte una primera evaluación de la misma. Este proceso participativo, desarrollado en el marco de una asignatura optativa, ha pretendido introducir la complejidad y la responsabilidad socio ambiental entre las personas que cursan los últimos años del grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura,  así como generar transmisión de conocimiento bidireccional academia-sociedad, en un curso sorprendido por la pandemia.

Citizen engagement in the production of urban space is an accepted need, driven by the global as well as many local agendas. This communication has two main goals: first to describe a design adaptation of a method that comes from social sciences, used to develop a research-project process grounded in the territory that allows collaborating with its people. Second, to present an initial evaluation of this method. This inclusive process, developed within the framework of an optional subject in the Fundamentals of Architecture degree, has sought to introduce complexity and socio-environmental responsibility among the students as well as generating transmission of bi-directional knowledge academia-society, in a course disrupted by the pandemic.
Enseñanza de la arquitectura en Chile: acciones pedagógicas con potencial innovador
Authors: Lagos Vergara Rodrigo , Barrientos Diaz Macarena
Published: September 2021

Desde el año 2000, las estructuras y dinámicas universitarias han tendido a homologar los procesos internos de las escuelas de arquitectura chilenas. No obstante, el perfil de un estudiante más informado y exigente ha desafiado, tanto la política pública como la pedagogía disciplinar. Así los docentes, más valorados por su productividad científica que por su práctica -desde instituciones torpes para atender las exigencias de los estudiantes- han actuado más bien reactivamente. Sin embargo, desde regiones, surgen tres talleres cuyas acciones pedagógicas -en la línea radical de los años sesenta- desafían el pensamiento normativo; cuestionando y reorganizando aspectos disciplinares desde la base formativa. Con un potencial innovador, apuestan por otra forma de relación docente-estudiante y práctica-investigación que, desde una organización flexible, construye comunidad a través del proyecto. En esta comunicación, estas dimensiones nos permitirán describir y caracterizar estos talleres y sus respectivas acciones pedagógicas.

Since 2000, the structures and university dynamics have tended to a standardization of certain internal processes of Chilean schools of architecture. At the same time, a more informed and demanding profile of student has challenged both public policies and disciplinary pedagogy. Thus, teachers, more valued for their scientific productivity than for their practice – and from their clumsy institution to attend student demands- have acted rather reactively. However, from regional contexts, three workshops emerge presenting pedagogical actions -in the radical line of the 60’s- that challenge normative thinking; while interrogating and reorganizing disciplinary aspects from the training base of architects. With an innovative potential, they bet on another form of teacher-student and practice-research relationship that, from a flexible organization, they get to build community through the project. In this communication, these dimensions will allow us to describe and characterize these workshop experiences’ and their respective pedagogical actions.
Eliminating the Sterntube in New Deep Sea Ship Construction
Authors: Thomson George A. , Ogle Kenneth
Published: September 2021

With water lubricated shafts, the point of sealing the shaft needed to be positioned for access and that required a connecting tube to the sealing gland location. With oil lubricated bearings, a tube was required to contain the oil. As more ships are now being fitted with water lubricated bearings, the need for the ubiquitous stern tube becomes questionable. This paper will address the potential for fundamental design changes to vessel construction from the perspective of material cost reduction and the simplification of ship-building procedures, based on elimination of the stern tube. As propulsion systems evolve into increasingly complex packages this initiative toward simplification may have appeal.
Down Angle Gearboxes – Calculation and Manufacturing Innovation for Low Noise Beveloid Gears
Authors: Fasterding Gerald , Birkholz Hagen
Published: September 2021

Conical involute gears, also known as beveloid gears, are used in marine gearboxes to provide an angle between the drive shaft and the output shaft. The axes of the beveloid gear meshes reviewed can be intersecting or skewed. Beveloid gears are a general case of spur gears with their virtual generating rack cutter tilted in the direction of feed. An appropriate variable addendum modification along the face width leads to conjugate flanks and therefore to tooth line contact. The elasticity of the gear mesh itself, the shafts, bearings and the gear housing cause deformations and deflections. Thus a tip relief at the generating tool in combination with flank modifications is applied to improve strength and transmission characteristics. Noise emission is reduced by comparing the level of dynamic excitation of different profile corrections. Strength calculations are done with local stresses, since there is no standardized nominal stress assessment. Theoretical evaluations are confirmed by prototype testing. This integrated designing procedure allows for an efficient planning and engineering for special beveloid gears. Several examples of application will be shown.