bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EXCHANGE OF ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS AND THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Kirichuk A.A.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the level of essential trace elements and the functional state of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in freshmen from foreign countries compared with freshmen from Russia (control group). The CVS study was conducted by the AngioScan-01 hardware-software complex (AIC). The level of essential elements in the analyzed biosubstrates was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that foreign students have significantly higher values of the stress index (IS) and vascular wall stiffness (SI) compared to freshmen from Russia. At the same time, the value of the reflection index (RI is a marker of peripheral vascular tone) and the integral indicator indicating aortic elasticity (dTpp) in foreign students were significantly lower than those of freshmen from Russia. Analysis of hair trace element content revealed significantly lower hair Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mg, Mn, and V levels in international students as compared to controls. Urinary trace element levels were more stable. Particularly, Co and Mn levels were found to be lower, whereas Cu and Zn concentration was higher than those in students from Russia. Correlation analysis revealed inverse association between stress index and hair Fe content. Mg and Mn levels in hair were also inversely associated with stiffness index. Urinary Cu, Se, and Zn concentration directly correlated with arterial stiffness, being inversely associated with dTpp values. Oppositely, urinary V levels were inversely and directly correlated with these parameters, respectively. Therefore, the results of analysis demonstrated the potential relationship between patterns of trace element status and cardiovascular reactivity in international students.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS IN CATARACTAL AND NON-CATARACTAL CRYSTALLINE LENSES OF THE EYES
Authors:   N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health,, Chuprov A.D. , Treushnikov V.M. ,   Research and Development enterprise LLC «Reper-NN», Notova S.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kim S.M. ,   N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health,, Kazakova Т.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Marshinskaia O.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The elemental composition of cataract and non-cataract crystalline lenses was studied in this study. The study was carried out on Wistar rats (n = 30), two groups were formed: control and experimental. The animals of the experimental group were simulated age-related cataract using ultraviolet irradiation for 6 months. The sample collection of lenses was carried out after 2 (the early stages of cataract) and 6 months (the mature stages of cataract) of the experiment. The chemical composition of the samples was determined using by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The generation of reactive oxygen species under the action of ultraviolet radiation leads to a change in the permeability of cell membranes and, as a consequence, to a disturbance of homeostasis of elements. There is an imbalance of macronutrients in the lenses with the progress of cataract accompanying by an increase in the level of calcium and sodium and decrease in potassium, magnesium and phosphorus.
Minorias, lugar de fala e direito à comunicação na mídia: entre o ativismo pela cidadania e a mercadorização de pautas sociais
Authors: Torquato Chalini
Published: March 2021

A diversidade tem se tornado pauta cada vez mais recorrente nos conteúdos apresentados pelas mídias massivas. Na tentativa de avançar numa observação crítica deste debate, busca-se indagar: estariam finalmente as pautas sociais de grupos minoritários encontrando eco na produção televisiva brasileira, ou seria este fenômeno nada mais do que mais uma apropriação desses temas como parte do processo de ‘mercadorização’ já tão conhecido pela literatura da Economia Política da Comunicação e da Cultura? Para responder a essa questão, o artigo parte de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre mídia, diversidade, valores democráticos e as lutas identitárias contemporâneas. Explana-se, em seguida, as lógicas estratégicas do mercado de TV privada para, então, se discutir exemplos práticos contemporâneos de representatividade não-normativa na TV, trazidos por outras pesquisas, que apontam a necessidade de se refletir sobre quem constrói essas narrativas. Constata-se a propensão que a lógica de mercado tem em se apropriar dos movimentos que deveriam ser contra-hegemônicos.
MANTRA PETAPA ALAS PURWO: KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA RIFFATERRE
Authors: Al Fikry Mohammad Fawaid , Mustamar Sunarti , Pudjirahardjo Christanto
Published: March 2021

Mantra (spell) is the oldest poem in oral literature used as a kind of prayer and hope to God through His creation. This research goals to describe the structure and meaning of the text found in Alas Purwo spells entitled "Restoring magic" using Riffaterre's semiotic theory. Qualitative methods and descriptive analysis are used as research method. The analysis is focused on structural analysis of themes and diction, followed by Riffaterre's semiotic analysis to discuss four things, namely the unsustainability of expression, heueristic and hermeneutic readings, matrices or keywords, and hypograms or intertexts. The results showed that the theme of the mantra is the wish from spell practitioner delivered to the Lord of the universe, while the diction is denotative and connotative. The unsustainable expression in the form of replacement of meaning is found in the use of the synecdoche; deviation of the meaning of the spell, found in the nonsense language style; while the creation of the meaning of spell is dominated by homologues. Heuristic reading uses Indonesian conventions, while hermeneutic reading shows the hope of the spell reader to return the evil magic to its owner. The matrix or keyword in the spell lies in “tekobi bae bae wong kang seja ala maring ingsun”, moreover the spell hypogram is based on verses of the Koran. The meaning of the spell is by having supernatural power, someone is able to restore evil intentions from others under the Creator’s authorization.
NOVEL SIRKUS POHON KARYA ANDREA HIRATA: KAJIAN STILISTIKA
Authors: Kristiana Ayu , Saputra Heru S. P. , Mariati Sri
Published: March 2021

The goal of this study is revealing the stylistic elements found in the novel entitled Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata, preceding by describing the relationship between structural elements. The research method is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis based on structural theoretical concepts and stylistics. The results of the study shows that the structural elements in the novel Sirkus Pohon have a relationship between one to other element namely title, theme, character, conflict, and setting. All these five elements form the wholeness of the story. In the field of stylistics, the aesthetics of the story can be obtained from the language potentiality namely diction, sentence style and figurative language. The figurative language created by the writer are metaphor, sentence style, and personification. The potential language used by Andrea Hirata cannot be separated from the sociocultural context and also the sleight of the writer. The writer presents an intellectual figure, whereas the contextual society is a traditional and poor. It twitters  people of Malay in the inland Belitung who still innocence but full of intrigue. In this novel, the appearance of pomegranates is related to the problems of love, traditional beliefs, the revival of the traveling circus, and political issues. The author expresses the traditional beliefs contradicting to the author's logic or intellect.
ANALISIS FRASA BERDASARKAN KESETARAAN DISTRIBUSI PADA TAJUK RENCANA SOLOPOS "KONSOLIDASI DAN PEMBERDAYAAN ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT SIPIL"
Authors: Widyaningsih Latifah Ayu
Published: March 2021

The research to be carried out is entitled Phrase Analysis Based on Equal Distribution in the Solopos Title Plan "Consilidation and Empowerment of Civil Society Organizations". In research, the main focus is the use of phrases. A phrase is a linguistic unit which is a combination of words that have non-predictative properties or can be called a combination that occupies a function in language syntax. Phrases based on the equality of distribution are divided into two types, namely endocentric phrases and exocentric phrases. The purpose of this paper is to describe words which are classified as endocentric and exocentric phrases and the structure of these phrases. In this study using a descriptive analysis method, is study conducted to obtain information about the inner sign at time of this research so that it can systematically check the data. Based on the data from the results of this study, there are endocentric and exocentric phrases. The effort in this research is to know the use of endocentric and exocentric phrases as well as the structure of forming phrases in headlines in Solopos news papers.
About the hypothetical source of fake news: apagogical reasoning in the interpretation of work by Quintus Cornificius’ Rhetorica ad Herennium
Authors: Lichański Jakub Z.
Published: March 2021

In the work of Quintus Cornificius Rhetorica ad Herennium (CORN., II.25.39) we encounter arguments that are considered flawed by the Roman rhetorician but resemble apagogical arguments. The article is devoted to the analysis of this fragment of deliberations from Rhetorica ad Herennium. The author shows that they can be considered both as quasi-enthymematic reasoning and as an imperfect form of apagogical reasoning and maybe also abductive reasoning. This type of reasoning, according to the researcher, is one of the possible sources of fake news.
Radio programmes in Polish as a foreign language classes: lesson ideas and opinion of students of Polish in Lviv
Authors: Nikołajczuk Chrystyna
Published: March 2021

The author’s research interests focus on the use of radio programmes in foreign language teaching. In the first part of the article the author proposes examples of learning tasks based on the material from Józio, a radio piece. These exercises are designed to help foreigners learning Polish to practise various linguistic skills. The lesson plan also features elements relating to Polish culture. The second part of the article is devoted to an analysis of the results of a survey carried out among students of Polish in Lviv. The author analyses the opinions of Ukrainians learning Polish on the use of the radio piece in question in Polish as a foreign language classes.
Distance learning — a few remarks on the margins of the problem
Authors: Lichański Jakub Z.
Published: March 2021

The problem of the quality of distance learning — or e-learning — has not had much importance attached to it thus far. After all, distance learning is at least 200 years old — if not more — and e-learning is nothing new, either. However, they were a kind of “addition” to the educational process. However, as a result of the current world-wide pandemic, the situation has changed rapidly. From what was in essence an auxiliary form of learning, has suddenly become a basic form. Thus, what has affected both higher education and, above all, secondary, primary and pre-school education is something new. This is due to the suddenness of introducing both methods (techniques) of education, and not because of their technical side. Since this problem has become the subject of a large number of different kinds of statements, and even the first book devoted to this issue has been published — it is worth looking at these issues again and try to present a few more general comments. The main thesis of the article is: the technical help side is basically correct; the problems are: i) preparing teachers for this form of teaching, ii) preparation of full-text databases adapted to secondary school curricula, iii) adaptation (in secondary schools) of e-education programs, e.g. to university syllabuses (with links to specific texts, not entire databases), iv) “Rebuilding” the way of educating teachers so that they learn these technical skills from the university or improve them via additional courses and training.
Questioned document examination with the use of alternative and complementary non-destructive methods
Authors: Cieśla Rafał
Published: March 2021

Questioned document examination occupies an important position in forensic science. Its purpose is to provide the authority conducting legal proceedings with reliable knowledge conﬁrming or excluding authenticity of a document, therefore every eﬀort should be made to use relevant and legally admissible examination methods. For many years reliable non-destructive methods have been developed, whose use in expert examination will enable subsequent control both by the authority conducting legal proceedings and other parties in the proceedings. This article proposes the use of alternative non-destructive methods in examination of documents.
Psychoactive substances in Poland and Hungary — how to fight them (problem overview)?
Authors: Jóźwiak Piotr
Published: March 2021

In view of the very serious social problem of designer drugs, which is growing with every passing day, we must take resolute and eﬀective action as quickly as possible. Undoubtedly, designer drugs have become one of the plagues of the 21st century. The choice of Poland and Hungary is not random, as both countries have one of the highest percentage intakes of legal highs in Europe. In both countries possessing and traﬃcking in designer drugs is punishable by criminal liability.
New types of usury oﬀ enses (Article 304 § 2 and 3 CC) and the ultima ratio principle of criminal law
Authors: Giezek Jacek , Lipiński Konrad
Published: March 2021

The authors analyze new types of oﬀenses of Art. 304 § 2 and 3 CC, focusing on the issue of normative structures derived from criminal law (and other branches of law) and their mutual relations. Assuming that due to the principle of subsidiarity (ultima ratio) of criminal law, it is not possible to prohibit conduct previously not deemed unlawful by provisions of civil law, the authors conclude that the condition of liability for new “usury crimes” is determination of unlawfulness of the demanded interest or other costs of the loan, assessed from the perspective of civil law.
The Cognitive Interview in Polish criminal proceedings
Authors: Janocha Marta
Published: March 2021

The Cognitive Interview is an interesting technique of supporting the memory of an eyewitness. The article discusses the basic rules of cognitive interview, the manner of its conduct, as well as strengths and weaknesses of this hearing method. The use of achievements in the ﬁeld of neurology and psychology makes it easier for witnesses to recall seemingly forgotten details.
COVID-19 and the functioning of the Polish prison system
Authors: Niełaczna Maria
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to explain the low incidence of the COVID-19 phenomenon in Polish prisons. My aim is to answer three questions: was the Polish prison system ready to respond to the threats posed by COVID-19, what actions did it take and with what eﬀect. I found that during the COVID-19 epidemic — despite serious chronic systemic problems in the Polish prison system — the statistics indicated that of the 24 people infected with the virus, none have died. During this period, 33,195 new prisoners were admitted to Polish prisons. As for the statistics of freedom cases, the result was extremely low.
Sexual oﬀ enders register. A tool of additional repression or an element of rational defense for the local community?
Authors: Kwieciński Adam
Published: March 2021

The publication is an analysis of the provisions of the Act of May 13, 2016 on counteracting the threats of sexual crime, in the extent of introducing a protective measure in the form of a register of sexual oﬀenders. It not only introduces the legal regulation of this institution, but also attempts to present all controversies and doubts related to the introduction of title databases into the Polish legal system and their functioning in the following years. The considerations focus, but are not limited to, on securing the rights of persons whose data may be entered into registers, but also on the interests of victims and their families. An equally important element of the work is an attempt to answer the question whether the control model promoted by the legislator in dealing with this type of perpetrator is in opposition to therapeutic goals.
Recidivism risk assessment in the context of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Szwejka Łukasz , Piasecka Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the eﬀectiveness of correctional programmes, which were made in the context of what works. The usage of scientiﬁc knowledge in the ﬁeld of recidivism assessment is the main postulate of the what works movement. Based on scientiﬁc evidence, the R-N-R (Risk-Need-Responsivity) programme was constructed.
Settlement concluded before a mediator in criminal proceedings as an enforcement
Authors: Sławicki Piotr
Published: March 2021

The article presents the legal nature of mediation settlements in criminal proceed-ings. The ﬁ rst chapter describes the genesis of the provisions governing a mediation settlement. Subsequently, proceedings will be presented regarding the issue of a writ of enforcement. The last part will deal with the issue of the legal nature of a settlement in enforcement proceedings.
The crime of specially audacious theft (Art. 278a § 1 of the Criminal Code)
Authors: Kluza Jan
Published: March 2021

The article is a critical analysis of the newly introduced oﬀ ence of particularly au-dacious theft (Article 278a § 1 of the Criminal Code), which constitutes a return to the regulation contained in the penal code of 1969 in force in the Polish People’s Republic. Executive features are deﬁ ned in the glossary of statutory expressions in Article 115 § 9a of the Penal Code, which, however, does not change the fact that these signs were formulated in a judgemental and blurred way. Notwithstanding this, such a signiﬁ cant diﬀ erentiation of criminal liability by returning to the solutions of the 1969 Code is un-justiﬁ ed.
Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on child-friendly justice in the light of preventing the social and legal exclusion of a juvenile
Authors: Kusztal Justyna
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to present the legal status and the state of scientiﬁc research on the implementation of national policy on the protection of the rights of children forced to participate in court proceedings. It is based on a method of analysis of the content of formal documents and selected research reports in the years 2015–2018 concerning the issues of child protection in contact with the justice system. The analysis of the research reports has led us to the conclusion that it is necessary to prepare judges and the police for the interrogation of children, but also to prepare them for contact with the institutional justice system through competently organised education on children’s rights.
Humiliated identity of aggrieved inmates as a consequence of prison (sub)culture functioning
Authors: Snopek Mariusz
Published: March 2021

The so-called ‘aggrieved inmates’ constitute a very speciﬁ c group of prisoners, who have been downgraded in prison hierarchy. The paper contains the up-to-date research results within a range of relations between downgraded individuals and other inmates. The paper also includes the description of personality traits of aggrieved inmates and those which are assigned to this prison cathegory The purpose of the research is to depict the multidimensional phenomenon of prison degradation which leads to humiliation of low-status individuals’ identity.
Infective Endocarditis as the Cause of Death: A Population based Study in Portugal, from 2002 to 2018
Authors: De Sousa Catarina , Ribeiro Ruy M. , Pinto Fausto J.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Infective endocarditis presents a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Population-based studies addressing mortality caused by infective endocarditis in Portugal are scarce. We aimed to study deaths caused by Infective endocarditis, as well as corresponding demographics and temporal trends.Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all patients whose main cause of death was Infective endocarditis in Portugal from 2002 to 2018. The data was obtained from the national death certificate information system.Results: In Portugal, 3634 people died from infective endocarditis throughout the 17-year study period - infective endocarditis specific mortality rate of 2.1 per 100 000 habitants. Of all deceased, 89% were at least 60 years old, and most were women (55%). Overall, 72% died in a healthcare institution. An annual 9% increase in the incidence death rate from Infective endocarditis was observed, with a significant upward trend during the colder months.Discussion: In Portugal, mortality by infective endocarditis increased, mainly affecting older patients and women, and which can partially be explained by factors such as ageing of the population. The management of older patients with infective endocarditis is challenging as they present a higher number of comorbidities, more valvular heart disease and valve implants, invasive medical procedures and are less likely to undergo cardiac surgery.Conclusion: In addition to data on the evolution of demographics in Portugal, it is crucial to study the incidence of infective endocarditis over time to help explain these findings. The identification of factors that can be used to better model national health policies to improve clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis in Portugal is also required.
KARAKTER TOKOH PADA NOVEL “DI BAWAH LANGIT” KARYA OPICK TOMBO ATI DAN TAUFIQURRAHMAN AL-AZIZY
Authors: Rusmawati
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang dalam pemilihan judul ini, yaitu karena isi cerita pada novel tersebut sangat berkesan sekali bagi orang yang sudah membaca novel tersebut dan banyak orang yang mengatakan bahwa novel ini sangat bagus isinya. Karakter tokoh adalah watak, sifat, dan karakter yang melekat pada diri tokoh. Karakter tokoh merupakan gambaran watak yang dimiliki tokoh dalam cerita. Karakter tokoh atau perwatakan merupakan unsur intrinsik dari sebuah novel. Objek penelitian ini berupa novel “Di Bawah Langit” Karya Opick „Tombo Ati‟ dan Taufiqurrahman al-Azizy. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan karakter tokoh pada novel Di Bawah Langit Karya Opick „Tombo Ati‟ dan Taufiqurrahman al-Azizy.
Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dengan teknik pengelompokkan data yang disesuaikan dengan prinsip deskriptif, berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa: tokoh yang terdapat pada novel “Di Bawah Langit” karya Opick „Tombo Ati‟ dan Taufiqurrahman al-Azizy berjumlah 18 orang. Para tokoh diklasifikasikan menjadi dua kategori yaitu tokoh protagonis dan tokoh antagonis. Karakter tokoh protagonis ada 15 orang yang terdapat pada novel Di Bawah Langit dan karakter tokoh yang antagonis ada 3 orang, Pandangan yang menggambarkan watak tokoh ada dua cara yaitu, secara analitik dan dramatik. Dramatik melalui dua cara yaitu, teknik cakap dan teknik reaksi tokoh. Berdasarkan hasil analisis di atas peneliti menyarankan bagi pembaca, dapat mengambil nilai-nilai positif yang terkandung pada novel tersebut.
KONFLIK TOKOH UTAMA NOVEL “SENGSARA MEMBAWA NIKMAT” KARYA SUTAN SATI
Authors: Widiastuti Siwi Andani
Published: March 2021

Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah konflik tokoh utama novel “Sengsara Membawa Nikmat” karya Sutan Sati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konflik fisik, konflik batin, dan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor  penyebab terjadinya konflik dalam novel.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik fisik yang dialami oleh tokoh utama terbagi menjadi konflik dengan lingkungan yaitu lingkungan penjara dan konflik yang terjadi dengan orang lain yaitu konflik dengan Kacak, Haji Abbas, Pak Inuh, Tuanku Laras, Sipir dan Tukang Kunci, Ganjil, Mandur Saman, tiga orang hukuman, Syekh Abdullah Al-Hadramut dan Serdadu. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi penelitian lain serta dijadikan tambahan pengajaran sastra di sekolah secara lebih mendalam. Di samping itu, dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis dan pembaca umum.
BENTUK, FUNGSI DAN MAKNA REDUPLIKASI PADA “KUMPULAN KISDAP BANJAR MALAM KUMPAI BATU“
Authors: Juwairiah Juwairiah
Published: March 2021

Reduplikasi adalalah pengulangan satuan gramatik, baik seluruh maupun sebagian, baik dengan variasi fonem maupun tidak. Dalam perkembangannya, reduplikasi sering ditemukan dalam sebuah novel atau cerpen yang bermacam- macam jenisnya seperti salah satu “Kumpulan Kisdap Banjar Malam Kumpai batu” yang dijadikan objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk,fungsi, dan makna reduplikasi kerena setiap cerita yang terdapat di dalamnya mengandung unsur-unsur budaya Banjar yang masih melekat hingga saat ini terdapat dalam buku yang dianalisis, metode dan pendekatan penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik dokumentasi yang berupa buku,majalah agenda dan lainnya.
PENGGUNAAN AFIKS PADA CERITA “SI PALUI” DALAM HARIAN BANJARMASIN POST EDISI NOVEMBER 2013
Authors: Nike Rosahin Rahmi
Published: March 2021

Menggunakan afiks bahasa Banjar memiliki perbedaan dengan afiks dalam bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk penggunaan afiks dan proses pembentukan afiks pada cerita “Si Palui”. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis metode deskriptif, yaitu menggambarkan penggunaan afiks pada cerita “Si Palui” di Banjarmasin Post yang diposting November 2013. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi. Dokumen yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cerita spesifik Banjar "Si Palui". Berdasarkan hasil ini, dapat disarankan bahwa penulis cerita ini “Si Palui” juga memasukkan kata yang digunakan infix dalam bahasa Banjar. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar infiks bahasa Banjar tidak hilang dan masyarakat Banjar masih tahu bagaimana menggunakan bahasa infix Banjar yang mulai pudar. Cerita ini “Si Palui” harus memasukkan nilai dan budaya pendidikan di dalamnya setiap cerita.
KEMAMPUAN MENGGUNAKAN KAIDAH KEBAHASAAN DALAM TEKS BERITA SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 4 BANJARMASIN TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Munawarah  , Agus Zakiah , Sabhan
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam menggunakan kaidah dalam kebahasaan teks berita. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan statistik berupa angka-angka. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kemampuan penguasaan kaidah kebahasaan siswa kelas VIII, yaitu  sebanyak 9 (14%) siswa berkategori sangat mampu, sebanyak 24 (38%) siswa mampu, sebanyak 15 (24%) cukup mampu, sebanyak 12 (19%) mampu, dan sebanyak 3 (5%) tidak mampu dalam menguasai kaidah kebahasaan. Data untuk penguasaan kaidah kebahasaan teks berita menunjukkan dari 63 orang siswa sebanyak 24 (38%) siswa mampu dalam menguasai kaidah kebahasaan teks berita. Pemakaian kata baku siswa kelas VIII dalam membuat teks berita sebanyak 56 (89% ) siswa berkategori sangat mampu, sebanyak 4 (7%) mampu, sebanyak 2 (3%) siswa cukup mampu, sebanyak 1 (1%) siswa tidak mampu dalam memakai kata baku dalam membuat teks berita.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA SISWA KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 1 DAN SMP NEGERI 3 MARABAHAN
Authors: Khairunnisa Yosi , Jumadi  , Taqwiem Ahsani
Published: March 2021

Penelitian yang mengkaji kemampuan membaca peserta didik di Marabahan bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, (a) kemampuan membaca pemahaman peserta didik, (b) kemampuan membaca kritis peserta didik, (c) perbedaan kemampuan membaca kritis antara peserta didik SMP Negeri 1 dan SMP Negeri 3 Marabahan, dan (d) hubungan membaca pemahaman dengan membaca kritis peserta didik. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode dekriptif. Populasi penelitian peserta didik kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 dan SMP Negeri 3 Marabahan. Sampel penelitian peserta didik SMP Negeri 1 Marabahan dengan responden 91 peserta didik. Sampel penelitian peserta didik SMP Negeri 3 Marabahan dengan responden 77 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan 25 tes objektif dan 4 tes subjektif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan membaca peserta didik kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 dan SMP Negeri 3 Marabahan dalam kategori rendah dengan rata-rata 57,50.
The Potential Climatic Significance of the Global Reduction in Aviation During the Pandemic
Authors: Cairns Sally
Published: March 2021

This paper argues that, in 2020, the beneficial atmospheric effect from the reduction in aviation may have been at least 7-8 times greater than that occurring from the reduction in fossil carbon dioxide emissions from all sectors. Specifically, compared to potential atmospheric effects in 2020 without the pandemic, the decrease in effective radiative forcing from reduced contrail-cirrus formation may have been in the order of 35mWm-2 in 2020, compared to a reduction of only 4-5mWm-2 from the drop in fossil CO2 emissions. Over time, pursuing a low carbon pathway generates benefits that mount up to be much more significant than 2020 effects might imply, and is essential to stabilise the climate. However, a twin-track policy focus may be needed, with more emphasis on reducing short-term climate forcing, to minimise the impacts of climate change now, and to avoid detrimental feedback events. Future policy decisions about aviation should be made in this context.
Entropy Optimized Flow of Hybrid Nanomaterial over a Porous Stretchable Surface
Authors: Hayat T. , Kainat Zobia , Khan Sohail A. , Alsaedi A.
Published: March 2021

The aim of this articles is to investigate the entropy optimization in unsteady MHD flow Darcy-Forchheimer nanofluids towards a stretchable sheet. The surface we tend to think about is porous and stretchy under acceleration. Flow occurs due to the stretching of the surface. Four distinct types of aqueous nanostructures are taken in this examination where copper oxide ( ), copper ( ), titanium dioxide ( ) and aluminum oxide ( ) are the nanoparticles. Irreversibility analysis are discussed through second law of thermodynamics. The expression of energy is mathematically designed and discussed according to heat generation / absorption, dissipation, thermal radiation, and joule heating. The nonlinear PDE (partial differential conditions) is first changed to ODE (normal differential conditions) through appropriate similarity variables. Here we used the numerically embedded solution technique to develop a numerical result for the obtained nonlinear flow expression. Influence of various flow parameter velocity temperature distribution and entropy generation are discussed. Reduction occurs in velocity profile for larger porosity and magnetic parameters. An enhancement in entropy generation and temperature distribution is seen for Brinkman number. An opposite effect is noticed in velocity and temperature through solid volume friction.
Effect of Melatonin Plus Zinc Supplementation on Fatigue Perception in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Castro-Marrero Jesus , Zaragozá Maria-Cleofé , López-Vílchez Irene , Galmés José Luis , Domingo Joan Carles , Maurel Sara , Alegre-Martin José
Published: March 2021

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multisystem, and profoundly debilitating condition, probably of multifactorial etiology. No effective approved drugs are currently available for its treatment. Several studies have proposed symptomatic treatment with melatonin and zinc supplementation in chronic illnesses; however, little is known about the synergistic effect of this treatment on fatigue-related symptoms in ME/CFS. The primary endpoint of the study was to assess the effect of oral melatonin plus zinc supplementation on fatigue in ME/CFS. Secondary measures included participants’ sleep disturbances, anxiety/depression, and health-related quality of life. A proof-of-concept, 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted in 50 ME/CFS patients assigned to receive either oral melatonin (1 mg) plus zinc (10 mg) supplementation (n = 24) or matching placebo (n = 26) once daily. Endpoint outcomes were evaluated at baseline and then reassessed at 8 and 16 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after treatment cessation, using self-reported outcome measures. Treatment was safe and well-tolerated. The most relevant results were the significant reduction in the perception of physical fatigue in the active group at the final follow-up versus placebo (p < 0.05), and the significant improvement in the physical component summary at all follow-up visits in the experimental group. Our findings suggest that oral melatonin plus zinc supplementation for 16 weeks is safe and potentially effective in reducing fatigue and improving the quality of life in ME/CFS. This clinical study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03000777).
Boon or Bane: Effect of Adjacent YIMBY or NIMBY Facilities on the Benefit Evaluation of Open Spaces or Cropland
Authors: Wu Wun-Jheng , Wu Pei-Ing , Liou Je-Liang
Published: March 2021

This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the benefit of urban open spaces and cropland with different adjacent public facilities seen as locally undesirable (“not in my backyard,” NIMBY) or desirable (“yes in my backyard,” YIMBY). The total benefit increases or decreases for urban open space and cropland with adjacent NIMBY or YIMBY facilities in a municipality in Taiwan. The results show that for the city as a whole, the current arrangement of NIMBY and YIMBY in different zones decreases the total benefit of urban open spaces in highly urbanized zones and increases the total damage to cropland in extremely rural zones. This indicates a need to avoid further installing NIMBY or YIMBY facilities in already occupied urban open spaces. The results also demonstrate that locating NIMBY or YIMBY facilities near cropland fails to highlight the benefit of YIMBY facilities and magnifies opposition to NIMBY facilities. For individual housing units, the total damage is 1.87% of the average housing price for cropland-type open space with adjacent NIMBY or YIMBY facilities, and the total benefit is 7.43% of the average housing price for urban-type open space in a highly urbanized area. In contrast, the total benefit for open space with adjacent NIMBY or YIMBY facilities is a 2.95%-13.80% increase in the average housing price for areas with mixed urban open space and cropland.
Multi-Layer Graphene Oxide in Human Keratinocytes: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression
Authors: Salesa Beatriz , Serrano-Aroca Ángel
Published: March 2021

Few-layer graphene oxide (GO) has shown none or very weak cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects in a wide range of cell lines such as glyoma cells and human skin HaCaT cells, in concentrations up to 100 µg/mL However, multi-layer GO has been hardly explored in the biomedical field. Thus, multi-layer GO was examined here in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells treated with different concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 150 µg/mL during different periods of times (3, 12 and 24 hours). The results of this study showed a time-concentration dependence with two non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.01 and 0.05 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 4.087 µg/mL at 24 hours of GO exposure. Contrary to what has been reported for few-layer GO, cell proliferation of the HaCaT cells in contact with the multi-layer GO at 0.01 μg/mL showed identical proliferative activity compared to an epidermal growth factor (1.6-fold greater than the control group) after 96 hours. The effects of the multi-layer GO on the expression of 13 genes (SOD1, CAT, MMP1, TGFB1, GPX1, FN1, HAS2, LAMB1, LUM, CDH1, COL4A1, FBN and VCAN) at the non-cytotoxic concentrations of GO in the HaCaT cells were analyzed after 24 hours. Thus, the lowest non-cytotoxic GO concentration was able to up-regulate the CAT, TGFB1, FN1 and CDH1 genes, which confirms the great potential of multi-layer GO in the biomedical field.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Pollution and its Associated Human Health Risks in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ofori Samuel Appiah , Cobbina Samuel Jerry , Imoro Abubakari Zarouk , Doke Dzigbodi Adzo , Gaiser Thomas
Published: March 2021

The frequent incidents of oil spills and other forms of pollution arising from crude oil exploration and exploitation (OEE) in the Niger Delta have caused several investigations on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution. This study aimed at developing a comprehensive report on PAH pollution and its human health risks recorded in the Niger Delta. Studies were extracted from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate using a defined selection criterion. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle – Ottawa Scale. Thirty-eight studies were selected with the majority reporting on PAH pollution in aquatic environments. Across all the selected studies, the total number of PAHs recorded ranged from 7 to 28 PAH congeners. Also, PAH potential sources reported in the studies were of pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. PAH concentrations recorded in water, sediment, aquatic organisms (fish and shrimp), soil, dust, and crop samples ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 450 ± 117.9 mg/L, BDL to 1821.5 mg/kg, 0.005 to 1.098 mg/kg, ND to 4154 ± 3461 mg/kg, 165.1 to 1012 mg/kg, and 0.020 to 3.37 mg/kg, respectively. Majority of the selected studies reported PAH levels which were higher than the permissible limits. Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) assessment of PAHs in samples ranged from low to high via ingestion and dermal routes of exposure to humans. It is recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria promotes environmentally friendly operations of OEE. Future studies should focus on PAH pollution in farmlands, ambient air and the associated human and ecological health risks.
Association Rules of Comorbidities in Patients Hospitalized for Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Sung-Soo
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out how the accompanying diseases of lung cancer patients are related. Through this, we aim to provide implications for the management of lung cancer patients and the national cancer policy. Methods: The subjects of this study were the Korean National Hospital Discharge in-depth Injury Survey, which was surveyed from 2006 to 2016, and among them, patients with lung cancer were selected. The major variable, comorbidities, were grouped based on the middle classification of the KCD-7 revision. The general characteristics were analyzed by frequency, and χ2-test was performed to test the difference in the distribution for the presence of comorbidity. In order to analyze the association rules of comorbidities, the support, confidence, and improvement of the association rules were presented and visualized using the arules package and apriori algorithm of the R program. Results: As a result of the analysis, the proportion of patients with comorbid diseases out of 21,882 discharged patients was 82.86%, and an average of 2.48±2.19 comorbidities was diagnosed. As a result of applying the association rules criteria of support (>0.01), confidence (>0.1), and lift (>1), 33 comorbidity patterns were found. The high association rules were “hypertensive diseases (I10-I15)” and “malignant neoplasms of ill-defined, secondary and unspecified sites (C76-C80)”, “diabetes mellitus (E10-E14)” and “hypertensive diseases (I10-I15)”, “malignant neoplasms of ill-defined, secondary and unspecified sites (C76-C80)” and “diabetes mellitus (E10-E14)”, “influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18)” and “hypertensive diseases (I10-I15)”, and so on. Conclusions: This study provides the rules related to comorbidities of lung cancer patients in Korean. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients, and it provides implications for effectively improving cancer policy. Future research on the effect on medical use or treatment results is needed, focusing on major comorbidities.
Quality Evaluation of Fine Dust Management Mobile Applications
Authors: Lee Jae Bin , Woo Hyekyung
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study aims to identify the contents characteristics of fine dust management apps currently released in Korea and evaluate the quality level. Methods: We found 400 apps to search for keywords related to fine dust, and 30 apps that meet certain criteria were selected as the final research subjects. It describes the main content status of 30 apps. Additionally, we evaluate the quality level of the app by utilizing the mobile application rating scale (MARS). We analyze the correlation between MARS Score, consumer score, and number of reviews. Results: Most fine dust apps were providing contents that provide fine dust concentration based on global positioning system (GPS). According to the MARS evaluation, engagement was low in average score, and in aesthetic, the gap between apps was large. The correlation analysis between the scores was not significant. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop differentiated contents such as personal health records and monitoring in order to increase the motivation and sustainability of using the fine dust mHealth app.
The Effect of Residence in Underserved Emergency Medical Services Areas on Awareness of Myocardial Infarction Symptoms in Korea
Authors: Jo Mirae , Oh Heeyoung , Jang Suk-Yong
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness level of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms for the residents in the underserved and deserved emergency medical services areas and verify the effect of the existence of residence in the underserved emergency medical services areas on the awareness of MI symptoms. Methods: This is a cross sectional study by using the data of the 2017 Korea Community Health Survey. The residence in the underserved emergency medical services areas is defined as being targeted to the residents in 101 areas notified in ⸢Emergency Medical Service Act⸥. The awareness of MI symptoms was classified as being aware of all five items of MI symptoms. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are computed by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the total 195,246 subjects, 43.6% were aware of MI symptoms (43.7% and 43.6% of underserved and deserved emergency medical services areas, respectively). The residence in the underserved emergency medical services areas was associated with the awareness of MI symptoms (aOR 1.15, 95% CI=1.11-1.18). In addition, this study has found that gender, age, education level, income level, occupation, subjective stress level, drinking frequency, current smoking, and diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes were factors influencing the awareness of MI symptoms. Conclusions: Continuous efforts are needed to increase the awareness of MI symptoms for the residents in the underserved and deserved emergency medical services areas. Education and promotion should be conducted in consideration of gender, age, education level, income level, and occupation to improve the awareness of MI symptoms.
Spatially Filtered Multilevel Analysis on Spatial Inequality of Tuberculosis in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
Authors: Im Changmin , Kim Youngho
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study aims to identify the spatial inequality of tuberculosis (TB) and related socio-environmental factors in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Methods: This study explains TB incidences in a spatial perspective. A spatial multilevel regression model was applied to account for the spatial inequality of TB and related factors. Applied socio-environmental factors were average age, population density, Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), particulate matter (PM10), medical insurance, financial independence rate, and medical doctors per 1,000 people. Results: This study finds evident spatial inequality of TB in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Most TB hotspots are identified around Yeongyang-gun, the area with the lowest socio-economic status in Korea. The regression result shows that level 1 factors (Average age, NDBI, PM10) and level 2 factors (medical insurance, financial independence rate) were statistically significant related to TB incidences. Furthermore, spatial filtering applied to multilevel regression accounts for spatial autocorrelation of TB incidence. Conclusions: Regional socio-economic and demographic conditions in Gyeongsangbuk-do influence TB incidences. Given low expectations on Gyeongsangbuk-do’s socio-economic and demographic growth, reducing the spatial inequality of TB would be challenging.
Pengaruh tanggung jawab sosial terhadap kinerja keuangan: Struktur kepemilikan sebagai variabel moderasi
Authors: Anita Anita , Amalia Desrika Putri
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to prove empirically the influence of social responsibility on financial performance moderated by the ownership structure of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The variables contained in this study were ownership concentration, the proportion of tradeable shares, leverage, long-term debt, and company size. The proportion of tradeable shares and ownership concentration were moderating variables. Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a total sample of 384 companies were selected based on predetermined criteria. Eviews were programs used to test panel data taken from annual company reports published for 5 years. The results of the study after the data test stated that social responsibility has a significant positive effect while the proportion of tradeable shares and ownership concentration do not have a significant effect on performance. The moderating variables contained in this study positively influence corporate social responsibility toward financial performance.
Dampak penerapan GSG dimediasi reputasi sekolah terhadap kinerja SMK Swasta di Kota Malang
Authors: Susilawathi Anak Agung Rai , Muawanah Umi , Ahmad Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Vocational Education is a level of education that develops students' abilities to carry out certain types of work. Vocational High Schools have many expertise programs that adapt to the needs of the existing world of work. Good School Governance (GSG) is very much needed in improving school performance, especially vocational high schools in order to be able to improve school quality. The research objectives were to analyze the effect of GSG on school reputation, to analyze the effect of GSG on school performance, to analyze the effect of school reputation on school performance. This research is a quantitative study that describes the impact of the implementation of GSG mediated by the reputation of the school on the performance of private vocational high schools in Malang. The data used are primary data from 43 private vocational high schools in Malang. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling techniques, namely saturated sampling, with the principal respondents of private vocational high schools in Malang City. Data were analyzed using Path Analysis. The results showed that GSG had a significant effect on school reputation, GSG had a significant effect on school performance, school reputation had a significant effect on school performance, GSG had a significant effect on school performance mediated by school reputation.