bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Arc Search Interior-Point Algorithm for Monotone Linear Complementarity Problems over Symmetric Cones
Authors: Pirhaji Mohammad , Zangiabadi Maryam , Mansouri Hossein , Amin Saman H.
Published: February 2018

An arc search interior-point algorithm for monotone symmetric cone linear complementarity problem is presented. The algorithm estimates the central path by an ellipse and follows an ellipsoidal approximation of the central path to reach an "-approximate solution of the problem in a wide neighborhood of the central path. The convergence analysis of the algorithm is derived. Furthermore, we prove that the algorithm has the complexity bound O ( p rL) using Nesterov-Todd search direction and O (rL) by the xs and sx search directions. The obtained iteration complexities coincide with the best-known ones obtained by any proposed interior- point algorithm for this class of mathematical problems.
A Neptune-mass Free-floating Planet Candidate Discovered by Microlensing Surveys
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Ryu Y.-H. , Skowron J. , Udalski A. , Gould A. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Poleski R. , Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. , Pawlak M. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Jung Y. K. , Han C. , Hwang K.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration)
Published: February 2018

Current microlensing surveys are sensitive to free-floating planets down to Earth-mass objects. All published microlensing events attributed to unbound planets were identified based on their short timescale (below two days), but lacked an angular Einstein radius measurement (and hence lacked a significant constraint on the lens mass). Here, we present the discovery of a Neptune-mass free-floating planet candidate in the ultrashort (t
E = 0.320 ± 0.003 days) microlensing event OGLE-2016-BLG-1540. The event exhibited strong finite-source effects, which allowed us to measure its angular Einstein radius of θ
E = 9.2 ± 0.5 μas. There remains, however, a degeneracy between the lens mass and distance. The combination of the source proper motion and source-lens relative proper motion measurements favors a Neptune-mass lens located in the Galactic disk. However, we cannot rule out that the lens is a Saturn-mass object belonging to the bulge population. We exclude stellar companions up to ∼15 au.
The Direct Detection and Characterization of M-dwarf Planets Using Light Echoes
Authors: Sparks William B. , White Richard L. , Lupu Roxana E. , Ford Holland C.
Published: February 2018

Exoplanets orbiting M-dwarf stars are a prime target in the search for life in the universe. M-dwarf stars are active, with powerful flares that could adversely impact prospects for life, though there are counter-arguments. Here, we turn flaring to advantage and describe ways in which it can be used to enhance the detectability of planets, in the absence of transits or a coronagraph, significantly expanding the accessible discovery and characterization space. Flares produce brief bursts of intense luminosity, after which the star dims. Due to the light travel time between the star and planet, the planet receives the high-intensity pulse, which it re-emits through scattering (a light echo) or intrinsic emission when the star is much fainter, thereby increasing the planet’s detectability. The planet’s light-echo emission can potentially be discriminated from that of the host star by means of a time delay, Doppler shift, spatial shift, and polarization, each of which can improve the contrast of the planet to the star. Scattered light can reveal the albedo spectrum of the planet to within a size scale factor, and is likely to be polarized. Intrinsic emission mechanisms include fluorescent pumping of multiple molecular hydrogen and neutral oxygen lines by intense Lyα and Lyβ flare emission, recombination radiation of ionized and photodissociated species, and atmospheric processes such as terrestrial upper atmosphere airglow and near-infrared hydroxyl emission. We discuss the feasibility of detecting light echoes and find that light echo detection is possible under favorable circumstances.
Where is OH and Does It Trace the Dark Molecular Gas (DMG)?
Authors: Li Di , Tang Ningyu , Nguyen Hiep , Dawson J. R. , Heiles Carl , Xu Duo , Pan Zhichen , Goldsmith Paul F. , Gibson Steven J. , Murray Claire E. , Robishaw Tim , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Dickey John , Pineda Jorge , Stanimirović Snežana , Bronfman L. , Troland Thomas ,   The PRIMO Collaboration
Published: February 2018

Hydroxyl (OH) is expected to be abundant in diffuse interstellar molecular gas because it forms along with H2 under similar conditions and forms within a similar extinction range. We have analyzed absorption measurements of OH at 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz toward 44 extragalactic continuum sources, together with the J = 1–0 transitions of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O, and the J = 2–1 transition of 12CO. The excitation temperatures of OH were found to follow a modified lognormal distribution

the peak of which is close to the temperature of the Galactic emission background (CMB+synchrotron). In fact, 90% of the OH has excitation temperatures within 2 K of the Galactic background at the same location, providing a plausible explanation for the apparent difficulty of mapping this abundant molecule in emission. The opacities of OH were found to be small and to peak around 0.01. For gas at intermediate extinctions (A
V ∼ 0.05–2 mag), the detection rate of OH with a detection limit N(OH) ≃ 1012 cm−2 is approximately independent of A

V
. We conclude that OH is abundant in the diffuse molecular gas and OH absorption is a good tracer of “dark molecular gas (DMG).” The measured fraction of DMG depends on the assumed detection threshold of the CO data set. The next generation of highly sensitive low-frequency radio telescopes, such as FAST and SKA, will make feasible the systematic inventory of diffuse molecular gas through decomposing, in velocity, the molecular (e.g., OH and CH) absorption profiles toward background continuum sources with numbers exceeding what is currently available by orders of magnitude.
Convección por brisa en Tenerife
Authors: Campos Hernández David
Published: February 2018

El frente de brisa marina es un fenómeno mesoescalar de gran relevancia en Meteorología y Climatología como mecanismo disparador de tormentas en condiciones de inestabilidad atmosférica. Si además el frente de brisa interacciona con otras zonas de convergencia, el movimiento vertical adicional que se produce en estas zonas de intersección, aumenta considerablemente la probabilidad de que se inicie la actividad convectiva y se desarrollen tormentas más intensas. Con este trabajo se pretende realizar un estudio sobre episodios convectivos ocurridos en la vertiente sur y/o este de la isla de Tenerife, asociados al calentamiento diurno, y forzados por el frente de brisa y/o convergencia a sotavento del flujo sinóptico superficial en los años 2005, 2009 y 2012, a partir de la caracterización meteorológica de 4 situaciones destacadas y representativas. La finalidad por tanto es caracterizar la convección que se genera en el interior de la isla de Tenerife y que afecta principalmente a medianías y zonas altas.
Evolución y pautas geográficas de la segregación residencial de los marroquíes en España
Authors: Achebak Hicham , Bayona-i-Carrasco Jordi , Domingo i Valls Andreu
Published: February 2018

Uno de los colectivos inmigrantes con mayor representatividad dentro de España es el marroquí, cuyos residentes configuraron uno de los primeros flujos migratorios internacionales conocidos en el país. En este contexto, el interés del presente trabajo se ha proyectado sobre un aspecto clave de su asentamiento en los municipios españoles: la segregación residencial, adoptando como principal novedad una perspectiva de conjunto, más allá de los estudios de caso hasta ahora existentes. Para la consecución de tal objetivo, se han analizado aquellos municipios que cuentan con una mayor presencia de efectivos marroquíes, tomando los datos de una serie temporal de población amplia (2000-2014) y territorialmente detallada que nos brinda el Padrón Continuo. Los principales resultados arrojan unos niveles de segregación moderados y en disminución, sin embargo la interacción con los españoles en los espacios residenciales es cada vez menor.

[fr] Les marocains constituent l’un des communautés étrangères le plus représentatives en Espagne. Ils configurèrent aussi l’un des premiers flux migratoires internationaux vers le pays. Dans ce contexte, le présent travail focalise sur un aspect clé de sa distribution spatiale à l’échelle locale: la ségrégation résidentielle, en adoptant une perspective globale au-delà des études de cas existants. A cet effet, on analyse celles municipalités où les marocains ont une forte présence, grâce à une série de donnés temporellement large (2000-2014) et territorialement détaillés. Les principaux résultats montrent des niveaux de ségrégation résidentielle modérées et en recul, néanmoins l’interaction avec les autochtones dans l’espace résidentiel est de plus en plus en diminution.
La contribución de las fórmulas existentes de cooperación intermunicipal en la equidad territorial: el caso de la Mancomunitat de la Ribera Alta
Authors: Farinós Dasí Joaquín , Gomis Fons Andrés
Published: February 2018

La buena gobernanza está considerada, tanto desde el punto de vista político como geográfico y económico, como un elemento clave para la competitividad territorial y urbana. El artículo presenta un punto de vista crítico y alternativo a esta formulación, entendiendo la gobernanza como factor del objetivo de equilibrio territorial. Para ello, se consideran dos conceptos clave: policentrismo (no morfológico, sino funcional y urbanorural) y cooperación territorial (de geometrías variables), como forma más eficiente de dotar servicios y aplicar políticas con impacto territorial. Para todo ello se toman como referencia la idea de cohesión territorial, configurada principalmente desde la Unión Europea, y la Estrategia Territorial de la Comunitat Valenciana, que pone énfasis en los elementos de gestión territorial. Tras esta contextualización, el artículo presenta el análisis de la forma de cooperación intermunicipal predominante en el territorio valenciano, la mancomunidad, mediante un estudio de caso: la Mancomunitat de la Ribera Alta.valenciano, la mancomunidad, mediante un estudio de caso: la Mancomunitat de la Ribera Alta.
Aplicación del modelo de regresión múltiple para la interpolación de las temperaturas y precipitaciones de la península ibérica y las Islas Baleares
Authors: Pardo Navarro Fernando
Published: February 2018

Se han elaborado mapas de precipitación mensual y temperatura media mensual para la península ibérica y Baleares mediante la interpolación de los valores de 3736 estaciones pluviométricas y 1626 estaciones termométricas, con software estadístico y de sistemas de información geográfica libres. El método utilizado fue la regresión múltiple con interpolación de residuos. Distintas variables no utilizadas en modelos anteriores mejoraron el ajuste de las regresiones. Entre ellas la altitud y pendiente medias en el caso de la precipitación y la radiación real en la temperatura. La validación de los modelos con el 30 % de los datos presenta errores similares a los obtenidos en trabajos previos. La comparación de los datos del modelo climático con los de los 60 Observatorios Meteorológicos Principales españoles para los tres últimos periodos climáticos referenciales (1961-1990, 1971-2000 y 1981-2010), muestra que el modelo, en líneas generales, sobrestima las precipitaciones y subestima las temperaturas actuales debido a los cambios climáticos recientes.
Sobre la diversidad del olivar andaluz: del territorio al paisaje (El caso de la provincia de Jaén)
Authors: Sánchez Martínez José Domingo , Garrido Almonacid Antonio
Published: February 2018

El olivar es el cultivo más común y la base económica de gran parte de los municipios rurales de Andalucía, a menudo alcanzando la condición de monocultivo, sumando en conjunto una superficie de más de un millón y medio de hectáreas. Para contribuir al mantenimiento y proyección de los territorios donde está presente, la conservación y valorización del paisaje y la cultura del olivar se contempla ahora como un activo de desarrollo sostenible y competitividad regional, lo que ha llevado incluso a plantear su reconocimiento patrimonial al más alto nivel internacional. Más allá de la consideración del olivar como un todo, en nuestro trabajo se pretende demostrar la inmensa diversidad interna que contiene, y cómo esta se plasma en términos paisajísticos. Para ello hemos creado una base de datos espacial en la que se integran variables agrícolas, cronológicas y espaciales. Como resultado final se presentan cuatro grandes categorías de paisajes olivareros: marginales, en áreas protegidas, tradicionales y productivistas.

[fr] L’oliveraie est la culture la plus commune et la base économique de la plupart des municipalités rurales de l’Andalousie, atteignant souvent la condition de monocultures. Pour contribuer au maintien et au développement de ces territoires, la conservation et l’amélioration du paysage et de la culture de l’oliveraie est désormais considérée comme un atout pour le développement durable et la compétitivité régionale. L’objectif de notre travail est de montrer la grande diversité interne qu’il contient, et comment cela se traduit en termes de paysage. Nous avons donc créé une base de données spatiale dans laquelle les variables agricoles , chronologiques et spatiales sont intégrées. Comme résultat final quatre grandes catégories de paysages d’oliviers sont présentés: marginal, dans les zones protégées, traditionnel et productivistes.
Variaciones espaciales y temporales de las condiciones bioclimáticas en la España peninsular (1951-2010)
Authors: López M. L. , Peña-Angulo D. , Marco R. , López M. S. , González-Hidalgo J. C.
Published: February 2018

Hemos analizado los cambios de las condiciones bioclimáticas de la España peninsular en las décadas más recientes mediante la clasificación Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System. La comparación entre las treintenas 1951-1980 y 1981-2010 ha permitido identificar cambios en los niveles más bajos de la clasificación (Continentalidad, y régimen térmico y ombrotérmico), no observándose grandes variaciones espaciales en la distribución de los niveles elevados (Macrobioclimas, Bioclimas/Variantes), pero sí en el nivel de Piso Bioclimático (Termotipos y Ombrotipos). Los resultados sugieren que los cambios ocurridos en las condiciones bioclimáticas han afectado con preferencia a la mitad norte peninsular, y no han sido tan intensos ni extensos como cabría pensar de anteriores estudios.
Kinetic Simulations of Diffusion-Controlled Phase Transformations in Cu-Based Alloys
Authors: Tang Ying , Chen Qing , Engström Anders
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, we present computational kinetics of diffusion-controlled phase transformations in Cu-based alloys, which becomes possible only most recently due to the establishment of the first atomic mobility database (MOBCU) for copper alloys. This database consists of 29 elements including most common ones for industrial copper alloys. It contains descriptions for both the liquid and Fcc_A1 phases. The database was developed through a hybrid CALPHAD approach based on experiments, first-principles calculations, and empirical rules. We demonstrate that by coupling the created mobility database with the existing compatible thermodynamic database (TCCU), all kinds of diffusivities in both solid and liquid solution phases in Cu-based alloys can be readily calculated. Furthermore, we have applied the combination of MOBCU and TCCU to simulate diffusion-controlled phenomena, such as solidification, nucleation, growth, and coarsening of precipitates by using the kinetic modules (DICTRA and TC-PRISMA) in the Thermo-Calc software package. Many examples of simulations for different alloys are shown and compared with experimental observations. The remarkable agreements between calculation and experimental results suggest that the atomic mobilities for Cu-based alloys have been satisfactorily described. This newly developed mobility database is expected to be continuously improved and extended in future and will provide fundamental kinetic data for computer-aided design of copper base alloys.
The Diffusion and Solid-Liquid Phase Transformation in Directional Solidification of Alloy: A Quantitative Phase Field Characterization and Real-Time Observation
Authors: Chen Yun , Xiao Na Min , Li Dian Zhong , Gong Tong Zhao , Nguyen-Thi Henri
Published: February 2018

Directional solidification is a paradigm process to gain the desired microstructure via certain applied solidification parameters. A thorough understanding of the diffusion-limited solid-liquid interface morphology evolution from initial transient to steady state is of uppermost importance to optimize the solidification processes. The rapid development of quantitative phase-field model provides a feasible computational tool to explore the underlying physics of the morphological transition at different stages. On basis of the diffusion-limited quantitative phase-field simulations using adaptive finite element method, the directional solidification of Al-4wt.%Cu alloy is characterized and both the solid interface propagation speed and solute profile are analyzed. The simulations are then compared with the in situ and real-time observation by means of synchrotron radiation x-ray radiography image. Good agreements are obtained between simulations and experimental data. Detailed mechanism that controls the morphological instability and transition are then addressed.
Fécondation d’une chienne avec de la semence congelée. Naissance d’une première portée en France
Authors: Théret Marcel , Régnier M.
Published: February 2018

Fertilisation of a bitch with frozen semen. First birth of a litter in France.

The authors relate the first birth in France of a litter of puppies (nine Greyhounds) : the bitch was inseminated with frozen semen that was stored from three months in liquid nitrogen.

Advantages of frozen semen ar called again with the necessity to restate a national and international legislation for usual practice.
Vaccination du renard contre la rage par voie orale
Authors: Blancou Jean , Andral L. , Aubert Michel , Artois Marc
Published: February 2018

Oral vaccination of foxes against rabies results of trials in France.

Trials of oral vaccination against rabies are reported in 117 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), their results being evaluated by titration of antibodies and challenge with a wild strain. These trials used six different strains of rabies virus (Flury, S.A.D., C.V.S., G.S./C., Ts O 55 and Av O 1) living, modified by serial passages in vivo or in vitro, and one inactivated C.V.S. strain. This last did not protect foxes after direct deposit in their mouth, but living virus did, provided they were used at sufficient titres.

However safety test of these virus, for non target species, remain to be achieved before their practical use in the field.
Isolement d'un virus dans une enzootie de polyarthrite chez la chèvre. Enquête sérologique préliminaire
Authors: Russo Pierre , Delor Véronique , Thévenot C.
Published: February 2018

Ce travail décrit l'isolement, pour la première fois en France, d'un virus (Réf. 1736-81) à partir d’une articulation de chèvre atteinte de polyarthrites. Ses caractères «in vitro» et son étude en microscopie électronique peuvent nous permettre de le classer aux côtés du virus Maedi-Visna et de le rapprocher de l’agent viral spécifique, responsable du syndrome encéphalite-arthrite de la chèvre (C.A.E.V.).

Les examens sérologiques, ainsi que les signes cliniques, montrent que la maladie est présente en France avec une fréquence non négligeable.

L’utilisation d'un antigène homologue pourrait permettre une détection plus précoce des animaux atteints, donc un meilleur dépistage de cette affection.

Une étude plus approfondie de l’agent pathogène et de l’épidémiologie de la maladie sera poursuivie.
Étude du premier foyer français de Varroatose de l’abeille
Authors: Colin M. E. , Faucon Jean-Paul , Heinrich A. , Ferry R. , Giauffret A.
Published: February 2018

The spread of varroatosis reached our country in Wissembourg (Bas-Rhin) for the first time (1st november 1982). Many apiairies are infested but without damages. For controlling this disease we have used experimentally the aerosols of amitraz (ND. Taktic) and essential oils (thyme, garlic, mint), made by the technic of spinning disc. (Apparatus Phagogene Nice).
Étude de la repolarisation auriculaire chez le cheval. Application d'un programme informatique
Authors: Sevestre Jacques
Published: February 2018

Une recherche statistique de la signification de la forme des ondes de repolarisation auriculaire Ta est faite à partir de 498 observations. Chez le cheval, l’onde Ta peut revêtir trois aspects, une onde Ta-1 qui débute après la fin de l’onde P et dont l’amplitude est modérée, une onde Ta-2 qui débute également après la fin de l'onde P et qui excède la moitié de l’amplitude de l’onde de dépolarisation auriculaire, une onde Ta-3 qui est séparée de P par un court segment isoélectrique.

L’onde Ta-1 s’observe chez les jeunes chevaux non entraînés, chez les chevaux peu sollicités à l'effort, et chez les chevaux retirés au haras. L’onde Ta-3 est caractéristique des chevaux en plein entraînement, bien adaptés à l'effort sportif ; néanmoins, on observe un pourcentage élevé d'aspects pathologiques de l'onde P indiquant probablement des cas de cardiopathies compensés dans ce lot. L'aspect Ta-2 marque un état frontière entre la forme sportive et le déséquilibre de surentraînement, ce qui incite à conseiller de surveiller plus étroitement ces sujets.
Seroprevalence of Dengue Antibodies in Three Urban Settings in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Pavía-Ruz Norma , Diana Patricia Rojas  , Salha Villanueva  , Granja Pilar , Balam-May Angel , Longini Ira M. , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Gómez-Dantés Hector
Published: February 2018

Dengue transmission in Mexico has become a major public health problem. Few epidemiological studies have examined the seroprevalence of dengue in Mexico, and recent estimates are needed to better understand dengue transmission dynamics. We conducted a dengue seroprevalence survey among 1,668 individuals including all age groups in three urban settings in Yucatan, Mexico. Children (< 19 years old) were selected randomly from schools. The adults (≥ 19 years old) were selected from healthcare facilities. Participants were asked to provide a venous blood sample and to answer a brief questionnaire with demographic information. Previous exposure to dengue was determined using indirect immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seroprevalence was 73.6%. The age-specific seroprevalence increased with age, going from 51.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 45.0–57.9%) in children ≤ 8 years to 72% (95% CI = 66.3–77.2%) in the 9- to 14-years old. The highest seroprevalence was 83.4% (95% CI = 77–82.2%) in adults greater than 50 years. The seroprevalence in Merida was 68.6% (95% CI = 65–72%), in Progreso 68.7% (95% CI = 64.2–72.8%), and in Ticul 85.3% (95% CI = 81.9–88.3%). Ticul had the highest seroprevalence in all age groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that age and city of residence were associated with greater risk of prior dengue exposure. The results highlight the level of past exposure to dengue virus including young children. Similar studies should be conducted elsewhere in Mexico and other endemic countries to better understand the transmission dynamics of dengue.
XBAER-derived aerosol optical thickness from OLCI/Sentinel-3 observation
Authors: Mei Linlu , Rozanov Vladimir , Vountas Marco , Burrows John P. , Richter Andreas
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A cloud identification algorithm used for cloud masking, which is based on the spatial variability of reflectances at the top of
the atmosphere in visible wavelengths, has been
developed for the retrieval of aerosol properties by MODIS. It is shown that the spatial pattern of cloud reflectance, as observed
from space, is very different from that of aerosols. Clouds show a high spatial variability in the scale of a hundred metres to a
few kilometres, whereas aerosols in general are homogeneous. The concept of spatial variability of reflectances at the top of
the atmosphere is mainly applicable over the ocean, where the surface background is sufficiently homogeneous for the separation
between aerosols and clouds. Aerosol retrievals require a sufficiently accurate cloud identification to be able to mask these ground scenes. However, a conservative mask will
exclude strong aerosol episodes and a less conservative mask could introduce cloud contamination that biases the retrieved
aerosol optical properties (e.g. aerosol optical depth and effective radii). A detailed study on the effect of cloud contamination on
aerosol retrievals has been performed and parameters are established determining the threshold value for the MODIS aerosol cloud mask
(3×3-STD) over the ocean. The 3×3-STD algorithm discussed in this paper is the operational cloud mask used for MODIS
aerosol retrievals over the ocean. A prolonged pollution haze event occurred in the northeast part of China during the period 16–21 December 2016. To assess the impact of such
events, the amounts and distribution of aerosol particles, formed in such events, need to be quantified. The newly launched Ocean Land
Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3 is the successor of the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). It provides
measurements of the radiance and reflectance at the top of the atmosphere, which can be used to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness
(AOT) from synoptic to global scales. In this study, the recently developed AOT retrieval algorithm eXtensible Bremen AErosol
Retrieval (XBAER) has been applied to data from the OLCI instrument for the first time to illustrate the feasibility of
applying
XBAER to the data from this new instrument. The first global retrieval results show similar patterns of aerosol optical thickness, AOT, to those from MODIS and MISR aerosol products. The AOT retrieved
from OLCI is validated by comparison with AERONET observations and a correlation coefficient of 0.819 and bias (root mean square) of
0.115 is obtained. The haze episode is well captured by the OLCI-derived AOT product. XBAER is shown to retrieve AOT well from the
observations of MERIS and OLCI.
Towards a bulk approach to local interactions of hydrometeors
Authors: Baumgartner Manuel , Spichtinger Peter
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The growth
of small cloud droplets and ice crystals is dominated by the diffusion of
water vapor. Usually, Maxwell's approach to growth for isolated particles is
used in describing this process. However, recent investigations show that
local interactions between particles can change diffusion properties of cloud
particles. In this study we develop an approach for including these local
interactions into a bulk model approach. For this purpose, a simplified
framework of local interaction is proposed and governing equations are
derived from this setup. The new model is tested against direct simulations
and incorporated into a parcel model framework. Using the parcel model,
possible implications of the new model approach for clouds are investigated.
The results indicate that for specific scenarios the lifetime of cloud
droplets in subsaturated air may be longer (e.g., for an initially water
supersaturated air parcel within a downdraft). These effects might have an
impact on mixed-phase clouds, for example in terms of riming efficiencies.
Observed aerosol suppression of cloud ice in low-level Arctic mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Norgren Matthew S. , de Boer Gijs , Shupe Matthew D.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The interactions that occur between aerosols and a mixed-phase cloud system, and the subsequent alteration of the microphysical state of such clouds, is a problem that has yet to be well constrained. Advancing our understanding of aerosol-ice processes is necessary to determine the impact of natural and anthropogenic emissions on Earth’s climate and to improve our capability to predict future climate states. This paper deals specifically with how aerosols influence ice mass production in low-level Arctic mixed-phase clouds. In this study, a 9-year record of aerosol, cloud and atmospheric state properties is used to quantify aerosol influence on ice production in mixed-phase clouds. It is found that mixed-phase clouds present in a clean aerosol state have higher ice water content by a factor of 1.22 to 1.63 at cloud base than do similar clouds in cases with higher aerosol loading. We additionally analyze radar-derived mean Doppler velocities to better understand the drivers behind this relationship, and conclude that aerosol suppression of ice nucleation, together with reduced riming rates in polluted clouds are likely influences on the observed reductions in ice water content.
Geodynamic diagnostics, scientific visualisation and StagLab 3.0
Authors: Crameri Fabio
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Today's Geodynamic models can, often do, and sometimes have to become very complex. Their underlying, increasingly elaborate numerical codes produce a growing amount of raw data. Post-processing such data becomes therefore more and more challenging and time consuming. In addition, visualising processed data and results has, in times of coloured figures and a wealth of half-scientific software, become one of the weakest pillars of science, widely mistreated and ignored. Efficient and automated Geodynamic diagnostics and sensible, scientific visualisation, preventing common pitfalls, is thus more important than ever. Here, a collection of numerous diagnostics for plate tectonics and mantle dynamics is provided and a case for truly scientific visualisation is made. Amongst other diagnostics are a most accurate and robust plate-boundary identification, slab-polarity recognition, plate-bending derivation, surface-topography component splitting and mantle-plume detection. Thanks to powerful image processing tools and other elaborate algorithms, these and many other insightful diagnostics are conveniently derived from only a subset of the most basic parameter fields. A brand-new set of scientifically proof, perceptually uniform colour maps including "devon", "davos", "oslo" and "broc" is introduced and made freely available. These novel colour maps bring a significant advantage over misleading, non-scientific colour maps like "rainbow"', which is shown to introduce a visual error to the underlying data of up to 7.5 %. Finally, StagLab (http://www.fabiocrameri.ch/software) is introduced, a software package that incorporates the whole suite of automated Geodynamic diagnostics and, on top of that, applies state-of-the-art, scientific visualisation to produce publication-ready figures and movies, all in a blink of an eye, all fully reproducible. StagLab, a simple, flexible, efficient and reliable tool, made freely available to everyone, is written in MatLab and adjustable for use with Geodynamic mantle-convection codes.
Real-time monitoring and FEMLIP simulation of a rainfall-induced rockslide
Authors: Li Zhaohua , Tao Zhigang , Jiang Yuanjun , Lv Qian , Darve Felix , He Manchao
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Rockslides are a common and devastating problem affecting mining and other engineering activities all over the world; consequently, there have been many studies into their prediction and prevention. This study focused on a recent rockslide in an open pit mine in Liaoning province, China. The stability of the rock slope under excavation and rainfall conditions was monitored using an efficient real-time monitoring system. A further numerical analysis was performed using the Finite Element Method with Lagrangian Integration Points (FEMLIP), and the normalized global second order work was implanted to assess the structure instability as a safety factor. In fact for the future it would be very interesting to compare in real time measurements and simulations, and not only to develop back computations after failure. The numerical results indicate that the rock slope remained stable during excavation, yet lost stability after subsequent rainfall. Water infiltration, along with a major geological discontinuity, degraded the strength of the weak zone and induced the rockslide. The monitoring approach presented its robustness and generality, and was worth being generalized. The numerical approach proposed the evolution of the safety factor, comparing the monitoring data, and the mechanism of the rockslide was determined. It could be used as an assistant tool for the disaster predictions.
Numerical modeling of surface wave development under the action of wind
Authors: Chalikov Dmitry
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The numerical modeling of two-dimensional surface wave development under the action of wind is performed. The model is based on three-dimensional equations of potential motion with free surface written in a surface-following non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system where depth is counted from moving surface. А three-dimensional Poisson equation for velocity potential is solved iteratively. А Fourier transform method, the second-order accuracy approximation of vertical derivatives on a stretched vertical grid and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta time stepping are used. Both the input energy to waves and dissipation of wave energy are calculated on the basis of the earlier developed and validated algorithms. A one-processor version of the model for PC allows us to simulate an evolution of wave field with thousands degrees of freedom over thousands of wave periods. A long-time evolution of two-dimensional wave structure is illustrated by the spectra of wave surface and input and output of energy.
GHOST: Geoscientific Hollow Sphere Tesselation
Authors: Thieulot Cedric
Published: February 2018

Abstract. I present in this work the GHOST (Geoscientific HOllow Sphere Tesselation) software which allows for the fast generation of computational meshes in hollow sphere geometries counting up to a hundred millions of cells. Each mesh is composed of concentric spherical shells which are built out of quadrilaterals or triangles. I focus here on three commonly used meshes used in geodynamics/geophysics and demonstrate the accuracy of shell surfaces and mesh volume measurements as a function of resolution. I further benchmark the built-in gravity and gravitational potential procedures in the simple case of a constant density geometry and finally show how the produced meshes can be used to visualise the S40RTS mantle tomography model. The code is open source and is available on the GitHub sharing platform.
Changes in glacier dynamics in the northern Antarctic Peninsula since 1985
Authors: Seehaus Thorsten , Cook Alison J. , Silva Aline B. , Braun Matthias
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The climatic conditions along the northern Antarctic Peninsula have shown significant changes within the last 50 years. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of temporally and spatially detailed observations of the changes in ice dynamics along both the east and west coastlines of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Temporal evolutions of glacier area (1985–2015) and ice surface velocity (1992–2014) are derived from a broad multi-mission remote sensing database for 74 glacier basins on the northern Antarctic Peninsula ( <  65° S along the west coast and north of the Seal Nunataks on the east coast). A recession of the glaciers by 238.81 km2 is found for the period 1985–2015, of which the glaciers affected by ice shelf disintegration showed the largest retreat by 208.59 km2. Glaciers on the east coast north of the former Prince Gustav Ice Shelf extent in 1986 receded by only 21.07 km2 (1985–2015) and decelerated by about 58 % on average (1992–2014). A dramatic acceleration after ice shelf disintegration with a subsequent deceleration is observed at most former ice shelf tributaries on the east coast, combined with a significant frontal retreat. In 2014, the flow speed of the former ice shelf tributaries was 26 % higher than before 1996. Along the west coast the average flow speeds of the glaciers increased by 41 %. However, the glaciers on the western Antarctic Peninsula revealed a strong spatial variability of the changes in ice dynamics. By applying a hierarchical cluster analysis, we show that this is associated with the geometric parameters of the individual glacier basins (hypsometric indexes, maximum surface elevation of the basin, flux gate to catchment size ratio). The heterogeneous spatial pattern of ice dynamic evolutions at the northern Antarctic Peninsula shows that temporally and spatially detailed observations as well as further monitoring are necessary to fully understand glacier change in regions with such strong topographic and climatic variances.
Generalized nonlinear height–diameter models for a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in the Pingba region of Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Chai Zongzheng , Tan Wei , Li Yuanyuan , Yan Lan , Yuan Hongbo , Li Zhaojun
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The relationship between height and diameter (H-D) is an important component
in forest growth and yield models, and a better understanding of the
relationship will improve forest monitoring, management, and biomass
estimation. Sixteen nonlinear growth functions were fitted to H-D data for
1261 trees from a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in the Pingba
region of Guizhou Province, China. Of the 1261 trees, 80 % were randomly
selected for model calibration, while the remaining trees were reserved for
model validation. All models were evaluated and compared by means of
multiple-model performance criteria. Although all 16 models showed a good fit
to the dataset and each of them accounted for more than 75 % of the total
variation in height, a large difference in asymptotic estimates was observed.
The Chapman–Richards, Weibull, and Näslund models were recommended for
C. fortunei plantations, due to their satisfactory height prediction
and biological interpretability.
Learning from Country
Authors: Wheatley Nadia
Published: February 2018

This article describes the author's journey through the collaborative process of making six award-winning books, all of which begin with the principle of “Learning from Country,” which the author encountered while working in the Aboriginal community of Papunya (Northern Territory, Australia) and later used with culturally diverse urban students in Sydney. This experience confirms that Indigenous principles of education are best-practice pedagogical principles, no matter where the learning takes place. Whatever “country” (whether city or bush) students live on, and whatever “country” (geopolitical nation) their families originally come from, a way of learning that puts the Aboriginal sense of Country (encompassing home, homeland, environment, and habitat) at the center is the holistic way of learning that young people need in the twenty-first century if they are to sustain the very planet they live on. This model of learning, collaborative and co-operative, also confirms students both in their individual identity and in their sense of belonging to their neighborhood community.
Canadian Urological Association best practice report on chronic scrotal pain
Authors: Jarvi Keith A. , Wu Christopher , Nickel J. Curtis , Domes Trustin , Grantmyre John , Zini Armand
Published: February 2018

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Effect of X-Word Grammar and Traditional Grammar Instruction on Grammatical Accuracy
Authors: Livingston Sue , Toce Andi , Casey Cyndi , Montoya Fernando , Hart Bonny R. , O’Flaherty Carmela
Published: February 2018

This study first briefly describes an instructional approach to teaching grammar known as X-Word Grammar and then compares its effectiveness in assisting students in achieving grammatical accuracy with traditionally taught grammar. Two groups of L2 pre-college students were taught using curricula and practice procedures in two different grammar texts over a three-month period of time for 20% of their class time. Essays written at three different times were analyzed for the correct and incorrect use of sentence patterns and verb constructs. Results demonstrated that improvement (writing with less error) was larger in both categories for the X-Word Grammar group and significant for two verb constructs as compared to the traditional grammar group, indicating that X-Word Grammar students wrote more accurately in month three than they did in month one of the study when compared with students in the traditional grammar group. Possible reasons for these results are discussed in light of the differences in the two approaches and how these differences support the literature on ways of improving grammar instruction.
Analysis of the rrl3 Mutants Reveals the Importance of Arginine Biosynthesis in the Maintenance of Root Apical Meristem in Rice
Authors: Shelley Israt J. , Watanabe Sayaka , Ozaki Hiroaki , Nagasawa Nobuhiro , Ogawa Atsushi , Takahashi-Nosaka Misuzu , Nishiuchi Shunsaku , Yamauchi Akira , Kitano Hidemi , Inukai Yoshiaki
Published: February 2018

We characterized reduced root length3(rrl3) mutantsof rice that exhibit a short-root phenotype under conditions producing mechanical impediments to growth, such as aerated water culture medium. The mutants were not able to maintain the quiescent center (QC) identity and produced disorganized root apical meristem (RAM) under aeration because of impaired cell division. A map-based cloning approach showed that RRL3 encodes carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) which is thought to be required for the conversion of ornithine into citrulline during arginine biosynthesis. The RRL3 gene is expressed highly at the root tip area that includes the root cap and division zone. The RRL3 gene expression level was greatly affected by aeration treatment, indicating that the spatiotemporal expression of the RRL3 gene with respect to the aeration is important for the maintenance of RAM. Furthermore, the application of citrulline and arginine could rescue the root phenotype, which implied that arginine biosynthesis was impaired in the rrl3-1 mutant. These results suggest that the RRL3 regulated arginine biosynthesis is important for the maintenance of RAM organization in the presence of mechanical impediments.
Two new rapacious nematodes from intertidal sediments, Gammanema magnum sp. nov. and Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. (Nematoda, Selachinematidae)
Authors: Shi Benze , Xu Kuidong
Published: February 2018

Two new species of the family Selachinematidae Cobb, 1915 from an intertidal sandy flat in the East China Sea are described. Both species are distinct rapacious nematodes, preying on other nematodes. Gammanema magnum sp. nov. is characterized by its leaf-like labial setae, large loop-shaped amphideal fovea in the male and small spiral ones in the female, an anterior buccal cavity reinforced by 12 rhabdia, each rhabdion with about six denticles, and two unequally long spicules. Gammanema magnum sp. nov. is a striking species, exhibiting extreme sexual dimorphism in the amphideal fovea, but lacking a gubernaculum or precloacal supplements, all features by which it can be differentiated from congeneric species. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. is characterized by a posterior buccal cavity, with three mandibles each with a large tooth flanked by three smaller teeth on both sides, a transverse oval-shaped multispiral amphideal fovea, and a bluntly rounded tail with a protuberant caudal duct. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. is unique in the genus in having a protuberant caudal duct in the tail end. Furthermore, it differs from its congeners by its mandibles, which have seven teeth each. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. lacks a gubernaculum and a precloacal supplement, both features present in congeners except S. depressum Gerlach, 1954.
TAS3 miR390-dependent loci in non-vascular land plants: Towards a comprehensive reconstruction of the gene evolutionary history
Authors: Morozov Sergey Y. , Milyutina Irina A. , Erokhina Tatiana N. , Ozerova Liudmila V. , Troitsky Alexey V. , Solovyev Andrey G.
Published: February 2018

Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) are transcribed from protein non-coding genomic loci and belong to a plant-specific class of endogenous small RNAs. These siRNAs have been found to regulate gene expression in most taxa including seed plants, gymnosperms, ferns and mosses. In this study, bioinformatic and experimental PCR-based approaches were used as tools to analyze TAS3 and TAS6 loci in transcriptomes and genomic DNAs from representatives of evolutionary distant Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta. We revealed previously undiscovered TAS3 loci in classes Sphagnopsida and Anthocerotopsida, as well as TAS6 loci in Bryophyta classes Tetraphidiopsida, Polytrichopsida, Andreaeopsida and Takakiopsida. These data further unveil the evolutionary pathway of the miR390-dependent TAS3 loci in land plants. We also identified SGS3-coding sequences in charophytes and hypothesized that the appearance of TAS3-related sequences could take place at a very early step in evolutionary transition from charophyte algae to an earliest common ancestor of land plants.
Does the community size distribution influence the diversity-stability relationship? Empirical evidence from fish communities across European seas.
Authors: Frelat Romain , Hidalgo Manuel , Möllmann Christian
Published: February 2018

The relationship, if any, between diversity and stability has puzzled ecologists for decades. Most studies use taxonomic classifications to understand why and under what conditions the community is more stable than the sum of its parts. However, fish populations, for example, are known for their strong ontogenetic-trophic niche shift, suggesting a size-based classification of individuals that complement information on its functional role. We propose a size-based approach to study the Diversity-Stability Relationship in order to understand the influence of the size distribution on the stability of the community. Our empirical study is based on a data collection of more than 25.000 fisheries hauls covering most of the European marine ecosystems (Baltic Sea, North Sea, European Atlantic Shelf and the Mediterranean Sea). We compiled long term (>20 years) time series of fish abundances in 23 distinct areas and calculated stability indicators with both the taxonomic and size classification. Our size-based approach provides new insights into the dynamics of communities, complementary to the view offered by taxonomic diversity. Knowing the importance of size distribution in the stability of fish community could provide relevant advices for marine ecosystem based management.