bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orange Peel Waste as a Source of Bioactive Compounds and Valuable Products: Insights Based on Chemical Composition and Biorefining
Authors: Ortiz-Sanchez Mariana , Cardona Alzate Carlos Ariel , Solarte-Toro Juan Camilo
Published: February 2024

Few valorization pathways have been implemented as alternatives to reduce the orange peel waste (OPW) disposal in landfills. OPW can be a source of income or economic savings in juice production factories since this waste is a potential source of value-added products (e.g., bioactive compounds) and energy vectors (e.g., biogas). Valorization alternatives should be based on (i) orange peel chemical composition, (ii) market analysis, and (iii) availability. Nevertheless, few literature papers have highlighted the chemical composition change caused by the different juice production schemes as a potential opportunity to obtain different value-added products and biorefinery schemes. Thus, the aims of this review paper are related to (i) reviewing different orange fruit processing pathways, (ii) analyzing several OPW chemical compositions reported in the open literature, (iii) providing a summary of OPW extraction pathways for bioactive compounds production, and (iv) evaluating the effect of applying different extraction methods on bioactive compound extraction performance. This review includes a description of the OPW matrix, market insights, packaging, physicochemical characterization, processing technologies, and suggested biorefinery approaches. Finally, different extraction methods for obtaining bioactive compounds from OPW are compared. As a result, the supercritical fluid extraction process has the highest extraction performance and selectivity since this method extracted a high amount of hesperidin (8.18 g/kg OPW db.). In conclusion, OPW is a source of bioactive compounds and valuable products that can be introduced in juice-producing factories to increase product portfolio or economic savings by changing the energy matrix.
Ensemble Methods to Optimize Automated Text Classification in Avatar Therapy
Authors: Hudon Alexandre , Phraxayavong Kingsada , Potvin Stéphane , Dumais Alexandre
Published: February 2024

Background: Psychotherapeutic approaches such as Avatar Therapy (AT) are novel therapeutic attempts to help patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Qualitative analyses of immersive sessions of AT have been undertaken to enhance and refine the existing interventions taking place in this therapy. To account for the time-consuming and costly nature and potential misclassification biases, prior implementation of a Linear Support Vector Classifier provided helpful insight. Single model implementation for text classification is often limited, especially for datasets containing imbalanced data. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the change in accuracy of automated text classification machine learning algorithms when using an ensemble approach for immersive session verbatims of AT. Methods: An ensemble model, comprising five machine learning algorithms, was implemented to conduct text classification for avatar and patient interactions. The models included in this study are: Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Linear Support Vector Classifier, Multi-layer perceptron classifier, XGBClassifier and the K-Nearest-Neighbor model. Accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score were compared for the individual classifiers and the ensemble model. Results: The ensemble model performed better than its individual counterparts for accuracy. Conclusion: Using an ensemble methodological approach, this methodology might be employed in future research to provide insight into the interactions being categorized and the therapeutical outcome of patients based on their experience with AT with optimal precision.
Small-Diameter Blood Vessel Substitutes: Biomimetic Approaches to Improve Patency
Authors: Behr Jean-Marc , Wong Yee Shan , Venkatraman Subbu
Published: February 2024

Small-dimeter blood vessels (<6 mm) are required in coronary bypass and peripheral bypass surgery to circumvent blocked arteries. However, they have poor patency rates due to thrombus formation, intimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomosis, and compliance mismatch between the native artery and the graft. This review covers the state-of-the-art technologies for improving graft patency with a focus on reducing compliance mismatch between the prosthesis and the native artery. The focus of this article is on biomimetic design strategies to match the compliance over a wide pressure range.
A Method for Determination of Moment Contribution Ratio under Foundation Rotation in Shear Wall-Frame Systems
Authors: Bozdogan Kanat Burak , Keskin Erdinc
Published: February 2024

In shear wall-frame systems, the foundation rotation that may occur under the shear walls changes the displacements and interstory drift ratios and changes the internal force distribution. This study investigates the effect of foundation rotations under shear walls on internal force distribution in shear-frame systems. The originality of the study lies in considering parabolic loads and dynamic analysis (first mode), in addition to static uniform or triangular distributed loads, when determining the shear wall moment contribution ratio under the influence of foundation rotation. The shear wall contribution ratio, a key parameter in many earthquake codes, is defined as the ratio of the sum of bending moments taken by the shear walls at the base to the overturning moment. It plays a crucial role in determining the building’s behavior. Depending on this ratio, the load-reduction coefficient is changed. This study investigates the effect of foundation rotation on the moment distribution at the base for three different static load cases and the first mode in the dynamic analysis. The multi-story building is modeled as an equivalent sandwich beam. The moment contribution ratio (MCR) was calculated with the help of analytical solutions of the differential equations written for three different load cases in static conditions, and graphs were created for practical use directly calculating the MCR. In the methodology of the study, the initial step involves the calculation of the equivalent sandwich beam stiffness parameters and the foundational rotational spring. Subsequent to these calculations, the MCR values can be directly obtained with the help of graphs. This approach facilitates the rapid and practical determination of the MCR and can be used in the preliminary sizing phase to eliminate possible errors in the data entry of software that performs detailed analysis. In addition, in the presented study, it has been shown that taking a single mode into account is sufficient when calculating MCR values in dynamic analysis.
Oligometastases of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Sato Yuta , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Yokoi Ryoma , Tsuchiya Hiroshi , Sengoku Yuki , Fukada Masahiro , Yasufuku Itaru , Asai Ryuichi , Tajima Jesse Yu , Kiyama Shigeru , Kato Takazumi , Murase Katsutoshi , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa
Published: February 2024

Patients with oligometastases show distant relapse in only a limited number of regions. Local therapy such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation for the relapsed sites may thus improve patient survival. Oligometastases are divided into oligo-recurrence and sync-oligometastases. Oligo-recurrence indicates a primary lesion that is controlled, and sync-oligometastases indicate a primary lesion that is not controlled. The management of oligo-recurrence and sync-oligometastases in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has not been clearly established, and treatment outcomes remain equivocal. We reviewed 14 articles, including three phase II trials, that were limited to squamous cell carcinoma. Multimodal treatment combining surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy for oligo-recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma appears to be a promising treatment. With the development of more effective chemotherapy and regimens that combine immune checkpoint inhibitors, it will become more likely that sync-oligometastases that were unresectable at the initial diagnosis can be brought to conversion surgery. Currently, a randomized, controlled phase III trial is being conducted in Japan to compare a strategy for performing definitive chemoradiotherapy and, if necessary, salvage surgery with a strategy for conversion surgery in patients who can be resected by induction chemotherapy.
Extrahepatic Malignancies Are the Leading Cause of Death in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B without Cirrhosis: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chon Young Eun , Park Sung Jun , Park Man Young , Ha Yeonjung , Lee Joo Ho , Lee Kwan Sik , Yoon Eileen L. , Jun Dae Won
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Accurate statistics on the causes of death in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are lacking. We investigated mortality rates and causes of death over time. (2) Methods: Data on patients newly diagnosed with CHB from 2007 to 2010 (cohort 1, n = 223,424) and 2012 to 2015 (cohort 2, n = 177,966) were retrieved from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Mortality data were obtained from Statistics Korea. The causes of death were classified as liver-related (hepatic decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) or extrahepatic (cardiovascular-related, cerebrovascular-related, or extrahepatic malignancy-related). (3) Results: Over a 10-year follow-up period of 223,424 patients (cohort 1) with CHB, the overall mortality was 1.54 per 100 person-years. The mortality associated with HCC was the highest (0.65 per 100 person-years), followed by mortality related to extrahepatic malignancies (0.26 per 100 person-years), and cardio/cerebrovascular diseases (0.18 per 100 person-years). In the non-cirrhotic CHB (87.4%), 70% (11,198/15,996) of patients died due to non-liver-related causes over ten years. The 10-year overall mortality was 0.86 per 100 person-years. Among these, mortality due to extrahepatic malignancies had the highest rate (0.23 per 100 person-years), followed by mortality related to HCC (0.20 per 100 person-years), and cardio/cerebrovascular diseases (0.16 per 100 person-years). The 5-year mortality associated with extrahepatic malignancies increased from 0.36 per 100 person-years (cohort 1) to 0.40 per 100 person-years (cohort 2). (4) Conclusions: Mortality related to HCC decreased, whereas mortality related to extrahepatic malignancies increased in the antiviral era. Extrahepatic malignancies were the leading cause of death among patients with CHB without cirrhosis.
A National School Health Campaign in Lebanon on Children Aged between 3 and 12 Years Old: Concordance Level between Parents’ Reports and Medical Visit Findings about Physical and Mental Health
Authors: Tahan Léa , Habchy Peter , Moussi Charbel , Khadra Tia , Jawich Melissa , Njeim Alain , Kattan Ogarite , Abou Habib Leila , El Bitar Wassim , El Asmar Béchara , Chahine Mirna N.
Published: February 2024

A school’s commitment to promoting health extends beyond students’ efforts to encompass parental involvement and must recognize the critical role of parents in enhancing overall student well-being. This study, conducted in 27 schools across Lebanon, assessed parents’ awareness of their children’s physical and mental health. A school health campaign involved direct medical interventions on 7184 students, followed by phone interviews with 3880 parents to compare their responses with the medical findings. Discordances ranged from extreme mismatches (≥50%) to mild mismatches (<15%), with notable disparities in incomplete vaccination (67.8%), BMI (59%), and mental health indicators (expressions of sadness (69.1%), loneliness (61.0%), and anxiety (53.4%)). Factors such as school type, child’s age, governorate, family income, parents’ occupation, education level, and marital status significantly influenced discordance rates. Notably, mental health aspects exhibited higher disparities, emphasizing the need for improved communication between parents, physicians, and children. Bridging these gaps could empower parents with better knowledge, fostering environments conducive to lifelong healthy behaviors in children. The study underscores the urgency for enhanced communication strategies to bridge discrepancies and ensure a more comprehensive understanding of children’s physical and mental well-being.
Review of the Current State of Pyrolysis and Biochar Utilization in Europe: A Scientific Perspective
Authors: Volpi Maria P. C. , Silva Jean C. G. , Hornung Andreas , Ouadi Miloud
Published: February 2024

This scientific paper provides an overview of the current state of pyrolysis in Europe, with a focus on mapping the key research areas and technologies employed. This research relied on search equations that centered on the utilization of biomass and plastics as primary feedstocks in pyrolysis, with a particular emphasis on biochar generation and different technologies applied. The results showed that both plastic and biomass pyrolysis can contribute to reducing waste and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, plastic pyrolysis can release harmful pollutants due to the presence of chlorine and other additives in plastics, which requires sophisticated emission control systems to be implemented. The production of biochar from sewage sludge is identified as a promising approach for phosphorus recovery, which can subsequently be utilized as a valuable fertilizer in agricultural applications. The data from this study contribute to exploring future applications at pilot and industrial scales for pyrolysis, with a critical assessment of the use of feedstocks. Moreover, this work provides information about current companies that are already operating on a large scale with pyrolysis and a map of the principal countries in Europe engaged in pyrolysis research, correlating the characteristics of the pyrolysis processes investigated.
Characterizing Seiches Oscillations in a Macro-Tidal Estuary
Authors: Guillou Nicolas , Chapalain Georges
Published: February 2024

Seiches oscillations may account for an important proportion of sea level variations in nearshore environments, inducing overflow and surges while impacting the safety of marine areas. However, complementary investigations are still required to characterize seiches in coastal basins, including especially estuaries. The present study exhibited seiches characteristics in the intertidal zone of the upper Elorn estuary (western Brittany, France), within the city of Landerneau, which is regularly subjected to river overflow and inundation. This investigation relied on five-year measurements of the free-surface elevation. As recorded time series were highly discontinuous around low tide, an original data analysis technique was implemented to exhibit seiches characteristics during the different tidal cycles. Measurements revealed important seiches oscillations with heights liable to exceed 0.6 m and periods of around 45–70 min. Seiches showed furthermore a fortnightly variability with pronounced heights and an increased number of oscillations during neap tides. These variations appeared, however, to be disturbed by the additional effects of meteorological conditions, including especially the influence of wind. The number of oscillations around high tide was thus found to increase in strong wind conditions. These effects were particularly noticeable at low atmospheric pressure, suggesting a sensitivity of seiches to wind meteorological patterns during cyclonic events.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electrically Assisted Brazing Joints of Dissimilar Aluminum and Steel Alloys
Authors: Gao Kun , Liu Guiqi , Sun Xiaojun , Wang Yu
Published: February 2024

The microstructure and mechanical properties of electrically assisted brazing (EA-brazing) joints of aluminum alloy 6061-t6 (AA6061-t6) and S45C steel are experimentally investigated. During the EA-brazing process, an electric current is directly applied to the cylindrical specimen assembly (S45C and AA6061-t6) and fillers of 88% Al and 12% Si (in the middle of the specimen assembly). The temperature of the specimen assembly rises rapidly to the melting point of the filler and remains nearly constant for a period of time using a pulsed electric current. Two types of EA-brazing joints are fabricated, namely Joint-0s (no temperature holding time) and Joint-12s (12 s temperature holding time). The characteristics of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the EA-brazing joint interface are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. Compared to Joint-0s, the Fe-rich IMCs (FeAl) are observed at the interface of Joint-12s due to the 12 s temperature holding time. In addition, the microstructural analysis shows that the thickness of the diffusion layer increases with increasing temperature holding time. The mechanical properties of the EA-brazing joints are evaluated using bending tests. The results of the mechanical test show that the strength of Joint-12s is higher than that of Joint-0s.
Using Repeated Light-Weight Deflectometer Test Data to Predict Flexible Pavement Responses Based on the Mechanistic–Empirical Design Method
Authors: Kuttah Dina
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the potential of lightweight deflectometer (LWD) data in predicting layer moduli and response measurements within the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide. To achieve this goal, field repeated LWD tests and laboratory repeated load triaxial tests were carried out on granular base material compacted at 3% and 6% water content, sandy subgrade soil compacted at 3%, 4% and 9% water content and silty sand subgrade soil compacted at 8% and 10% water content. The results revealed that substituting traditional repeated load triaxial (RLT) data with LWD data for predicting these parameters was notably effective for cohesionless materials, especially for unbound granular materials (UGMs) compacted at optimum water content. The accuracy and reliability of predictions were remarkably high, showcasing the potential of LWD to enhance efficiency and precision in pavement design within this context. Conversely, for cohesive road materials, the study emphasized the importance of considering specific material properties and water content when integrating LWD into the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide. The distinctive characteristics and behaviors of cohesive materials necessitate a nuanced approach. This understanding is critical to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of pavement design and assessment across diverse conditions. In summary, the study presents a promising avenue for utilizing LWD data in cohesionless road materials, offering potential cost and time-saving advantages. Additionally, it underscores the necessity of tailored approaches when considering material properties and moisture content for cohesive materials, thereby advancing the field of pavement engineering by providing insights for improved practices and adaptable frameworks.
Effectiveness and Safety of Boesenbergia rotunda Extract on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Its Use in Capsaicin-Loaded Body-Firming Formulation: In Vitro Biological Study and In Vivo Human Study
Authors: Sritananuwat Phaijit , Samseethong Tipada , Jitsaeng Kusuma , Duangjit Sureewan , Opanasopit Praneet , Rangsimawong Worranan
Published: February 2024

Boesenbergia rotunda has been used as an antiobesity agent by suppressing adipogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the biological activity of B. rotunda on preadipocyte cells and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using B. rotunda extract in a capsaicin-loaded body-firming formulation. The antiadipogenesis of B. rotunda ethanolic extract was evaluated in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. After the application of the B. rotunda extract-loaded body-firming formulation on the skin of volunteers for 28 d, thigh circumference, melanin index, and skin erythema were investigated. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of B. rotunda was not toxic toward 3T3-L1 cells at concentrations lower than 20 µg/mL, with antiadipogenesis of the B. rotunda extract occurring at a concentration of 1 µg/mL. The B. rotunda extract containing panduratin A was mixed with capsaicin body-firming products and successfully permeated into and through the skin. Applying this formulation to the thighs of the volunteers two times a day for 21 days led to a significant reduction in thigh circumference and melanin index. A slight elevation in skin erythema was observed, but there was no significant increase in redness or pain. In conclusion, the B. rotunda extract contained bioactive compounds that inhibited antiadipogenesis. The formulations containing B. rotunda extract and capsaicin showed potential as effective body-firming products.
Optimal Doping Concentrations of Nd3+ Ions in CYGA Laser Crystals
Authors: Lu Siliang , Tan Juncheng , Li Zhen , Zhang Peixiong , Chen Zhenqiang
Published: February 2024

The kinetic process of the excited state population of Nd3+ ion in Nd: CaY0.9Gd0.1AlO4 (Nd: CYGA) crystal were studied in detail to estimate the optimal doping concentration, which maximize ~1 μm fluorescence emission from the 4F3/2 state to the 4I9/2 state of Nd3+. The analysis was accomplished by revealing the dependence of the excited state population on the doping concentration in a relatively convenient way in theory. After comparing the theoretical prediction results with the experimental findings and approximating the results obtained using the aforementioned method, the optimal relative doping concentration of Nd: CYGA was determined to be 2.1 at.%, which closely matched the 2.0 at.% obtained through experimental comparison. This verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. In particular, it is worth mentioning that in this method only one doping concentration of the crystal is required to obtain the optimal concentration, which may be used to guide the concentration optimization process for improving efficiency and saving resources.
Effects of Land Cover on the Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of the Bird Communities on an Urban Subtropical Mountain
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Zhao Shengjun , Yang Xiao , Tian Jing , Wang Xue , Chen Ding , Yu Yuan , Shi Jie , Cui Peng , Li Chunlin
Published: February 2024

Mountain ecosystems are crucial for global biodiversity conservation. However, their landscape features are constantly changing owing to urban expansion. Understanding the relationships between biotic communities and landscape features is essential for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to examine the effect of land cover type on avian communities in Lishui, a mountainous urban area in eastern China. Avian surveys were conducted using 168 line transects in total across different land cover types once per season from December 2019 to January 2021. We assessed the diversity of bird communities by calculating various metrics at both taxonomic and functional levels. Among the land cover types measured, woodland, built-up land, cultivated land, and water bodies significantly influenced bird community diversity and composition. Species richness, species abundance, and functional richness were negatively correlated with the proportion of woodland but were positively correlated with the proportion of non-natural land cover, such as built-up and cultivated land. In contrast, functional evenness was positively correlated with the proportion of woodland and grassland but negatively correlated with the proportion of non-natural land cover. Land cover type also exhibited significant correlations with avian functional characteristics such as diet, foraging strata, and body mass, thereby influencing the overall community structure. Our results indicated that mountainous landscape patterns substantially affect avian communities. Different land cover types possess varying resource endowments that affect the distribution of avian species. Therefore, urban landscape planning in mountainous areas should carefully consider the various functions provided to organisms by different types of land cover to promote biodiversity.
On the Dynamics of Flexible Wings for Designing a Flapping-Wing UAV
Authors: Silva Renan Cavenaghi , Bueno Douglas D.
Published: February 2024

The increasing number of applications involving the use of UAVs has motivated the research for design considerations that increase the safety, endurance, range, and payload capability of these vehicles. In this article, the dynamics of a flexible flapping wing is investigated, focused on designing bio-inspired UAVs. A dynamic model of the Flapping-Wing UAV is proposed by using 2D beam elements defined in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, and the flapping is imposed through constraint equations coupled to the equation of motion using Lagrange multipliers. The nodal coordinate trajectories are obtained by integrating the equation of motion using the Runge–Kutta algorithm. The imposed flapping is modulated using a proposed smooth function to reduce transient vibrations at the start of the motion. The results shows that wing flexibility yields significant differences compared to rigid-wing models, depending on the flapping frequency. Limited amplitude of oscillation is obtained when considering a non-resonant flapping strategy, whereas in resonance, the energy levels efficiently increase. The results also demonstrate the influence of different flapping strategies on the energy dissipation, which are relevant to increasing the time of flight. The proposed approach is an interesting alternative for designing flexible, bio-inspired, flapping-wing UAVs.
Synergetic Effect of FeTi in Enhancing the Hydrogen-Storage Kinetics of Nanocrystalline MgH2
Authors: Paramonov Roman , Spassov Tony , Nagy Péter , Révész Ádám
Published: February 2024

High-energy ball milling was applied to produce nanocrystalline MgH2-FeTi powder composites. In order to achieve a remarkable synergetic effect between the two materials, the amount of the FeTi catalyst was chosen to be 40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.%. The morphology and microstructure of the as-milled powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The evaluation of the diffraction profiles by the Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile fitting algorithm provided a detailed microstructural characterization of the coherently scattering α-MgH2 crystallites. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments revealed two overlapping endotherms corresponding to the dehydrogenation of metastable γ-MgH2 and stable α-MgH2 hydrides. Isothermal hydrogen-sorption experiments were carried out in a Sieverts-type apparatus. It was established that the MgH2-40 wt.% FeTi powder is capable of absorbing 5.8 wt.% hydrogen, while extraordinary absorption kinetics were observed for the MgH2-50 wt.% FeTi alloy, i.e., 3.3 wt.% H2 is absorbed after 100 s.
Combined MIMO Deep Learning Method for ACOPF with High Wind Power Integration
Authors: Unlu Altan , Peña Malaquias
Published: February 2024

The higher penetration of renewable energy sources in current and future power grids requires effective optimization models to solve economic dispatch (ED) and optimal power flow (OPF) problems. Data-driven optimization models have shown promising results compared to classical algorithms because they can address complex and computationally demanding problems and obtain the most cost-effective solution for dispatching generators. This study compares the forecast performance of selected data-driven models using the modified IEEE 39 benchmark system with high penetration of wind power generation. The active and reactive power load data of each bus are generated using Monte Carlo simulations, and synthetic wind power data are generated by utilizing a physical wind turbine model and wind speed samples withdrawn from a Weibull distribution. The objective is to design and evaluate an enhanced deep learning approach for the nonlinear, nonconvex alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem. The study attempts to establish relationships between loads, generators, and bus outcomes, utilizing a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) workflow. Specifically, the study compares the forecast error reduction of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), deep feed-forward neural networks (DFFNNs), combined/hybrid CNN-DFFNN models, and the transfer learning (TL) approach. The results indicate that the proposed combined model outperforms the CNN, hybrid CNN-DFFNN, and TL models by a small margin and the DFFNN by a large margin.
Real-Time Online Estimation Technology and Implementation of State of Charge State of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle Lithium Battery
Authors: Dou Zhaoliang , Li Jiaxin , Yan Hongjuan , Zhang Chunlin , Liu Fengbin
Published: February 2024

The SOC estimation of UAV lithium batteries plays a crucial role in the mission planning and safe flight of UAVs. Aiming at existing UAV lithium battery SOC estimation problems, such as low estimation accuracy and poor real-time performance, a real-time online estimation scheme for UAV lithium battery SOC is proposed. A model-based approach is adopted to establish an SOC estimation model on the basis of the Thevenin equivalent circuit model, and a UAV lithium battery online monitoring device is developed to monitor the current and voltage of the UAV lithium battery in real time and import the data into the SOC estimation model in real time for calculation. Using the developed online monitoring device, the current and voltage of the lithium UAV battery are monitored in real time, and the data are imported into the SOC estimation model in real time for calculation, realizing the real-time online estimation of the SOC of the lithium UAV battery. The experimental results show that the program can realize the real-time online estimation of UAV lithium battery SOC, and the estimation error is less than 3%, which meets the requirements of online estimation accuracy of the UAV lithium battery SOC.
The Carbon Storage of Reforestation Plantings on Degraded Lands of the Red Soil Region, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Li Peng , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Chen , Lu Yanjie , Luo Laicong , Tao Lingjian , Xiao Tingqi , Liu Yuanqiu
Published: February 2024

To assess the effects of reforestation on ecosystem carbon storage, a long-term Forest Restoration Experimental Project (FREP) was established in 1991 on southern degraded red soil in Taihe County, Jiangxi Province, China. In this study, we selected five types of plantations: Schima superba plantation (SS), Liquidambar formosana plantation (LF), Pinus massoniana plantation (PM), Pinus elliottii plantation (PE), and P. elliottii and broadleaf mixed plantation (MEB). The unforested land was used as an experimental control check (CK). We aimed to assess the changes in carbon storage in plantations and the factors affecting them. Thirty years after reforestation, the ecosystem carbon storage of the five types of plantations was significantly higher than that of the control site, and there were also significant differences in the ecosystem carbon storage between the different plantation types (p < 0.05). The ecosystem carbon storage of SS, MEB, LF, PM, and PE were 211.71 Mg ha−1, 199.02 Mg ha−1, 160.96 Mg ha−1, 155.01 Mg ha−1, and 142.88 Mg ha−1, respectively. Compared to the CK, these values were increased by 436.8%, 404.6%, 308.1%, 293.1%, and 262.3%, respectively. The ecosystem carbon storage was significantly positively correlated with soil porosity, total nitrogen (TN), and stand density, and was significantly negatively correlated with pH, Pielou’s evenness index (PEI), and the Shannon–Weiner diversity index (SWDI). The soil water content (SWC), bulk density (BD), SWDI, and stand density can be used as indicators of the impact of reforestation plantings on ecosystem carbon storage. The research results has shown that reforestation plantings significantly increase ecosystem carbon storage, and that afforestation should be encouraged on degraded land.
Effect of Glucose Concentration on the Production of Proteolytic Extract by Different Strains of Aspergillus under Solid-State Fermentation
Authors: Londoño-Hernández Liliana , García-Gómez María de Jesús , Huerta-Ochoa Sergio , Polanía-Rivera Anna María , Aguilar Cristóbal Noé , Prado-Barragán Lilia Arely
Published: February 2024

Proteases are important enzymes because of their extended uses in several industries, such as food, beverages, pharmacy, detergents, and many others. Aspergillus is one of the most used fungi strains for enzyme production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Disponibility of the carbon source is a key factor for protease production. In addition, the selection of solid support has great importance, as it must provide suitable airflow through the packed bed and nutrient diffusion inside the fermentable mass. Six Aspergillus strains and two inert supports (Agrolite (AL) and Polyurethane (PUF)) were tested for protease production from fish flour (FF) at different glucose concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15%) by SSF. The FF/PUF mixture at 70/30 (w/w) ratio, with 75.39% moisture, and a critical moisture point of 0.11 gH2O/g, presented a texture that allowed heat and mass transfer and provided enough moisture to make free water available as required for microorganism growth during the fermentation process. Aspergillus oryzae 2095 produced higher amounts of neutral and alkaline proteases with the addition of 5% glucose to the growth medium. Kinetics studies reveal that protease production is partially associated with growth. The extracts obtained can be used in different industries, and especially to prepare fish high-value by-product hydrolysates.
Flame Retardant Additives Used for Polyurea-Based Elastomers—A Review
Authors: Dukarski W. , Rykowska I. , Krzyżanowski P. , Gonsior M.
Published: February 2024

The growing interest in modern polymer materials has targeted research on complex plastic coatings and the possibilities of modifying their features and properties during manufacturing. Today’s modern coatings, including polyurea and polyurethane, are among the most modern developed resins. Compared to other polymer coatings, they are distinguished by their versatility, strength, and durability. They undoubtedly represent the next step in the evolution of coatings. Advances in coating technology have also led to the development of spray, injection, and roto-cast application equipment, improving polyurea-based elastomers’ performance. For many years, there has been much interest in increasing the flame resistance of polymers. This is dictated by safety considerations and the increasing requirements for the flammability of plastics, the area of application of which is growing every year. This text attempts to provide an overview of current research on flame retardant composites. Particular attention was paid to polyurea (PU) and polyurea-based hybrids and the application areas of polyurea coatings. The paper defines flame retardants, discusses how they work, and presents the types of flame retardants and the current trends of their usage in the production of plastics.
Shaping and Structuring of Polymer Gels
Authors: Dobashi Toshiaki
Published: February 2024

Most industrial gels are prepared as apparently isotropic and homogeneous materials through a preparation process encompassing alterations in temperature, application of isotropic mechanical stress, exposure to high-energy electromagnetic waves, and mixing with cross-linkers (gelators) [...]
Transcription Factor Regulation of Gene Expression Network by ZNF385D and HAND2 in Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Tan Ming , Andersen Lars Juel , Bruun Niels Eske , Lindholm Matias Greve , Tan Qihua , Snoer Martin
Published: February 2024

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate indicator for atherosclerosis and has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk in multiple large studies. Identification of molecular markers for carotid atheroma plaque formation can be critical for early intervention and prevention of atherosclerosis. This study performed transcription factor (TF) network analysis of global gene expression data focusing on two TF genes, ZNF385D and HAND2, whose polymorphisms have been recently reported to show association with CIMT. Genome-wide gene expression data were measured from pieces of carotid endarterectomy collected from 34 hypertensive patients (atheroma plaque of stages IV and above according to the Stary classification) each paired with one sample of distant macroscopically intact tissue (stages I and II). Transcriptional regulation networks or the regulons were reconstructed for ZNF385D (5644 target genes) and HAND2 (781 target genes) using network inference. Their association with the progression of carotid atheroma was examined using gene-set enrichment analysis with extremely high statistical significance for regulons of both ZNF385D and HAND2 (p < 6.95 × 10−7) suggesting the involvement of expression quantitative loci (eQTL). Functional annotation of the regulon genes found heavy involvement in the immune system’s response to inflammation and infection in the development of atherosclerosis. Detailed examination of the regulation and correlation patterns suggests that activities of the two TF genes could have high clinical and interventional impacts on impairing carotid atheroma plaque formation and preventing carotid atherosclerosis.
A New Era for Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease Research: The First-Ever Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease Classification Criteria and Considerations for Measuring Outcomes in Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K.
Published: February 2024

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease is a crystalline arthritis that was described more than 60 years ago, yet our knowledge about this condition greatly lags behind other forms of arthritis. This is an exciting era for CPPD disease as a robust framework for CPPD clinical research has been established. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and EULAR co-sponsored the development of the first-ever classification criteria for CPPD. The Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) CPPD Ultrasound Subtask Force developed and validated definitions for ultrasonographic findings of CPPD, and the OMERACT CPPD Working Group is establishing a core outcome domain set for this crystalline arthritis. This review focuses on key elements of the 2023 ACR/EULAR CPPD disease classification criteria and considerations for measuring outcomes in CPPD disease.
Artificial Intelligence for Digital Heritage Innovation: Setting up a R&D Agenda for Europe
Authors: Münster Sander , Maiwald Ferdinand , di Lenardo Isabella , Henriksson Juha , Isaac Antoine , Graf Manuela Milica , Beck Clemens , Oomen Johan
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a game changer in many fields, including cultural heritage. It supports the planning and preservation of heritage sites and cities, enables the creation of virtual experiences to enrich cultural tourism and engagement, supports research, and increases access and understanding of heritage objects. Despite some impressive examples, the full potential of AI for economic, social, and cultural change is not yet fully visible. Against this background, this article aims to (a) highlight the scope of AI in the field of cultural heritage and innovation, (b) highlight the state of the art of AI technologies for cultural heritage, (c) highlight challenges and opportunities, and (d) outline an agenda for AI, cultural heritage, and innovation.
Using Bokashi and Cow Urine as Organic Low-Cost Amendments Can Enhance Arugula (Eruca sativa L.) Agronomic Traits but Not Always Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Hata Fernando Teruhiko , da Silva Diego Contiero , Yassunaka Hata Natália Norika , Pavinatto Michelle da Silva , de Queiroz Cancian Mariana Assis , Macedo Rogério Barbosa , Ventura Maurício Ursi , Resende Juliano Tadeu Vilela de , Spinosa Wilma Aparecida
Published: February 2024

Productive traits, total polyphenols (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of arugula submitted to the combination (or not) of cow urine and doses of bokashi were evaluated in two experimental areas. Arugula was planted in cultivation bags with 55 dm3 of capacity in protected cultivation. The treatments were bokashi doses (0, 10, 20, and 30 g) and use (or not) of cow urine diluted 1% in water. The variables evaluated were fresh leaf biomass (FLB), dry leaf biomass (DLM), plant height (PH), chlorophyll index, TPC, and DPPH. In area 1, all agronomic variables were increased at 30 g and 20 g bokashi doses. FLB was increased by 87 and 76% with 30 g of bokashi. Cow urine only increased PH. In area 2, the use of bokashi + cow urine increased FLB, DLB, and PH with a positive quadratic response. At the maximum point, the FLB was increased by 159% with 28.92 g of bokashi. Bokashi increased FLB and DLB in the two areas in all evaluated doses. For TPC, with the use of cow urine, 10 g of bokashi increased TPC by 14%. Without the use of cow urine, increases of 17 and 33% with 10 and 30 g of bokashi were observed. The 30 g of bokashi is recommended because of increased productive traits and TPC.
Recent Advancements in Mitigating Abiotic Stresses in Crops
Authors: Oyebamiji Yusuf Opeyemi , Adigun Basit Akolade , Shamsudin Noraziyah Abd Aziz , Ikmal Asmuni Mohd , Salisu Monsuru Adekunle , Malike Fadila Ahmad , Lateef Adebola Azeez
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the progressive escalation of climate change scenarios has emerged as a significant global concern. The threat to global food security posed by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, waterlogging, temperature stress (heat stress, freezing, and chilling), and high heavy metal accumulation is substantial. The implementation of any of these stresses on agricultural land induces modifications in the morphological, biochemical, and physiological processes of plants, leading to diminished rates of germination, growth, photosynthesis, respiration, hormone and enzyme activity disruption, heightened oxidative stress, and ultimately, a reduction in crop productivity. It is anticipated that the frequency of these stresses will progressively escalate in the future as a result of a rise in climate change events. Therefore, it is crucial to develop productive strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of these challenges on the agriculture industry and improve crop resilience and yield. Diverse strategies have been implemented, including the development of cultivars that are resistant to climate change through the application of both conventional and modern breeding techniques. An additional application of the prospective and emerging technology of speed breeding is the acceleration of tolerance cultivar development. Additionally, plant growth regulators, osmoprotectants, nutrient and water management, planting time, seed priming, microbial seed treatment, and arbuscular mycorrhiza are regarded as effective methods for mitigating abiotic stresses. The application of biochar, kaolin, chitosan, superabsorbent, yeast extract, and seaweed extract are examples of promising and environmentally benign agronomic techniques that have been shown to mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses on crops; however, their exact mechanisms are still not yet fully understood. Hence, collaboration among researchers should be intensified to fully elucidate the mechanisms involved in the action of the emerging technologies. This review provides a comprehensive and current compilation of scientific information on emerging and current trends, along with innovative strategies to enhance agricultural productivity under abiotic stress conditions.
CMIP5 Decadal Precipitation over an Australian Catchment
Authors: Hossain Md Monowar , Anwar A. H. M. Faisal , Garg Nikhil , Prakash Mahesh , Bari Mohammed Abdul
Published: February 2024

The fidelity of the decadal experiment in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase-5 (CMIP5) has been examined, over different climate variables for multiple temporal and spatial scales, in many previous studies. However, most of the studies were for the temperature and temperature-based climate indices. A quite limited study was conducted on precipitation of decadal experiment, and no attention was paid to the catchment level. This study evaluates the performances of eight GCMs (MIROC4h, EC-EARTH, MRI-CGCM3, MPI-ESM-MR, MPI-ESM-LR, MIROC5, CMCC-CM, and CanCM4) for the monthly hindcast precipitation of decadal experiment over the Brisbane River catchment in Queensland, Australia. First, the GCMs datasets were spatially interpolated onto a spatial resolution of 0.05 × 0.05° (5 × 5 km) matching with the grids of observed data and then were cut for the catchment. Next, model outputs were evaluated for temporal skills, dry and wet periods, and total precipitation (over time and space) based on the observed values. Skill test results revealed that model performances varied over the initialization years and showed comparatively higher scores from the initialization year 1990 and onward. Models with finer spatial resolutions showed comparatively better performances as opposed to the models of coarse spatial resolutions, where MIROC4h outperformed followed by EC-EARTH and MRI-CGCM3. Based on the performances, models were grouped into three categories, where models (MIROC4h, EC-EARTH, and MRI-CGCM3) with high performances fell in the first category, and middle (MPI-ESM-LR and MPI-ESM-MR) and comparatively low-performing models (MIROC5, CanCM4, and CMCC-CM) fell in the second and third categories, respectively. To compare the performances of multi-model ensembles’ mean (MMEMs), three MMEMs were formed. The arithmetic mean of the first category formed MMEM1, the second and third categories formed MMEM2, and all eight models formed MMEM3. The performances of MMEMs were also assessed using the same skill tests, and MMEM2 performed best, which suggests that evaluation of models’ performances is highly important before the formation of MMEM.
Cannabigerol Induces Autophagic Cell Death by Inhibiting EGFR-RAS Pathways in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Zeppa Laura , Aguzzi Cristina , Morelli Maria Beatrice , Marinelli Oliviero , Giangrossi Martina , Luongo Margherita , Amantini Consuelo , Santoni Giorgio , Nabissi Massimo
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent infiltrating type of pancreatic cancer. The poor prognosis associated with this cancer is due to the absence of specific biomarkers, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. PDAC is a deadly malignancy bearing distinct genetic alterations, the most common being those that result in cancer-causing versions of the KRAS gene. Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychomimetic cannabinoid with anti-inflammatory properties. Regarding the anticancer effect of CBG, up to now, there is only limited evidence in human cancers. To fill this gap, we investigated the effects of CBG on the PDAC cell lines, PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2. The effect of CBG activity on cell viability, cell death, and EGFR-RAS-associated signaling was investigated. Moreover, the potential synergistic effect of CBG in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) was investigated. MTT was applied to investigate the effect of CBG on PDAC cell line viabilities. Annexin-V and Acridine orange staining, followed by cytofluorimetric analysis and Western blotting, were used to evaluate CBG’s effect on cell death. The modulation of EGFR-RAS-associated pathways was determined by Western blot analysis and a Milliplex multiplex assay. Moreover, by employing the MTT data and SynergyFinder Plus software analysis, the effect of the combination of CBG and chemotherapeutic drugs was determined.