bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAPD Is Classified in ICD-10 as H93.25 and Hearing Evaluation—Not Screening—Should Be Implemented in Children With Verified Communication and/or Listening Deficits
Authors: Iliadou Vasiliki (Vivian) , Sirimanna Tony , Bamiou Doris-Eva
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The article “It Is Time to Rethink Central Auditory Processing Disorder Protocols for School-Aged Children” (DeBonis, 2015) appeared in theAmerican Journal of Audiologyas a tutorial. The author used the argument made by Cowan, Rosen, and Moore (2009), referring to central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), that “such impairments have not been shown to uniquely contribute to a clearly defined condition that would warrant its inclusion inanyof the major disease classification systems” (emphasis added; p. 129). However, CAPD is included in the U.S. version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems–10th Revision (ICD-10) under the code H93.25; this was not mentioned in the article by DeBonis. We would like to point out some additional omissions of this tutorial that may bias its conclusions.
Lexical Ambiguity Resolution Using Discourse Contexts in Persons With and Without Aphasia
Authors: Henderson Amy , Wright Heather Harris
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of persons with aphasia (PWA) to resolve different types of ambiguous words (homophones, metaphors, and metonyms) in discourse contexts.

Method

Six PWA and 10 controls listened to short discourses that biased either the dominant (more frequent) or subordinate (less frequent) version of an ambiguous word as well as nonsense (filler) discourses. Participants then indicated whether or not the final sentence, which contained the ambiguity, made sense in the discourse. Data for both accuracy and reaction time were collected.

Results

There was no significant Group × Word Type × Frequency interaction in the reaction time data. In the accuracy analysis, there was a significant Group × Frequency × Word Type interaction, which appeared to be driven by the PWA's relative accuracy with subordinate homophones and relative inaccuracy with subordinate metaphors.

Conclusions

These results suggest that PWA were able to use discourse contexts to resolve subordinate versions of literal ambiguous words but have difficulty resolving metaphoric ambiguous words. Further investigations should be done to clarify how much context PWA require to successfully resolve lexical ambiguities.
Cross-Linguistic Differences in a Picture-Description Task Between Korean- and English-Speaking Individuals With Aphasia
Authors: Sung Jee Eun , DeDe Gayle , Lee Soo Eun
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine cross-linguistic differences in a picture-description task between Korean- and English-speaking individuals with Broca's and anomic aphasia to determine whether a variation exists in the use of verbs and nouns across the language and aphasia groups.

Method

Forty-eight individuals (male = 29; female = 19) participated in the study (
n
= 28 for aphasic group and
n
= 20 healthy controls). Data for English speakers were obtained from the Aphasia Bank Project. We used the picture-description task to obtain connected speech samples and analyzed noun- and verb-related linguistic variables.

Results

Korean speakers with aphasia produced more verbs per utterance and a lower noun-to-verb ratio than English speakers with aphasia, whereas English speakers produced more nouns than Korean speakers. The Korean anomic group produced more verbs than Korean speakers with Broca's aphasia, whereas no effects were significant for English speakers with aphasia depending on the type of aphasia.

Conclusions

Aphasia symptoms vary as a function of linguistic features of languages that individuals with aphasia used premorbidly. Furthermore, the linguistic characteristics of the individual's language influenced aphasia symptoms more strongly than the type of aphasia. It is theoretically and clinically important that this cross-linguistic study provides different perspectives, and that noun–verb deficits may vary depending on linguistic features.
Looking for a Location: Dissociated Effects of Event-Related Plausibility and Verb–Argument Information on Predictive Processing in Aphasia
Authors: Hayes Rebecca A. , Dickey Michael Walsh , Warren Tessa
Published: December 2016

Purpose

This study examined the influence of verb–argument information and event-related plausibility on prediction of upcoming event locations in people with aphasia, as well as older and younger, neurotypical adults. It investigated how these types of information interact during anticipatory processing and how the ability to take advantage of the different types of information is affected by aphasia.

Method

This study used a modified visual-world task to examine eye movements and offline photo selection. Twelve adults with aphasia (aged 54–82 years) as well as 44 young adults (aged 18–31 years) and 18 older adults (aged 50–71 years) participated.

Results

Neurotypical adults used verb argument status and plausibility information to guide both eye gaze (a measure of anticipatory processing) and image selection (a measure of ultimate interpretation). Argument status did not affect the behavior of people with aphasia in either measure. There was only limited evidence of interaction between these 2 factors in eye gaze data.

Conclusions

Both event-related plausibility and verb-based argument status contributed to anticipatory processing of upcoming event locations among younger and older neurotypical adults. However, event-related likelihood had a much larger role in the performance of people with aphasia than did verb-based knowledge regarding argument structure.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963553
Algorithmic Classification of Five Characteristic Types of Paraphasias
Authors: Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Gorman Kyle , Bedrick Steven
Published: December 2016

Purpose

This study was intended to evaluate a series of algorithms developed to perform automatic classification of paraphasic errors (formal, semantic, mixed, neologistic, and unrelated errors).

Method

We analyzed 7,111 paraphasias from the Moss Aphasia Psycholinguistics Project Database (Mirman et al., 2010) and evaluated the classification accuracy of 3 automated tools. First, we used frequency norms from the SUBTLEXus database (Brysbaert & New, 2009) to differentiate nonword errors and real-word productions. Then we implemented a phonological-similarity algorithm to identify phonologically related real-word errors. Last, we assessed the performance of a semantic-similarity criterion that was based on word2vec (Mikolov, Yih, & Zweig, 2013).

Results

Overall, the algorithmic classification replicated human scoring for the major categories of paraphasias studied with high accuracy. The tool that was based on the SUBTLEXus frequency norms was more than 97% accurate in making lexicality judgments. The phonological-similarity criterion was approximately 91% accurate, and the overall classification accuracy of the semantic classifier ranged from 86% to 90%.

Conclusion

Overall, the results highlight the potential of tools from the field of natural language processing for the development of highly reliable, cost-effective diagnostic tools suitable for collecting high-quality measurement data for research and clinical purposes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963559
Intelligibility and Clarity of Reverberant Speech: Effects of Wide Dynamic Range Compression Release Time and Working Memory
Authors: Reinhart Paul N. , Souza Pamela E.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) release time on intelligibility and clarity of reverberant speech. The study also considered the role of individual working memory.

Method

Thirty older listeners with mild to moderately-severe sloping sensorineural hearing loss participated. Individuals were divided into high and low working memory groups on the basis of the results of a reading span test. Participants listened binaurally to sentence stimuli simulated at a range of reverberation conditions and WDRC release times using a high compression ratio. Outcome measures included objective intelligibility and subjective clarity ratings.

Results

Speech intelligibility and clarity ratings both decreased as a function of reverberation. The low working memory group demonstrated a greater decrease in intelligibility with increasing amounts of reverberation than the high working memory group. Both groups, regardless of working memory, had higher speech intelligibility and clarity ratings with longer WDRC release times. WDRC release time had a larger effect on speech intelligibility under more reverberant conditions.

Conclusions

Reverberation significantly affects speech intelligibility, particularly for individuals with lower working memory. In addition, longer release times in hearing aids may improve listener speech intelligibility and clarity in reverberant environments.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963952
Design and prototyping of low‐power wide area networks for critical infrastructure monitoring
Authors: Xu Rongtao , Xiong Xiong , Zheng Kan , Wang Xianbin
Published: December 2016

Low‐energy critical infrastructure monitoring (LECIM) networks is essential for the monitoring of infrastructure facilities in smart cities. One critical requirement of an LECIM network is its wide coverage of up to several kilometres by using a star topology instead of the tree or mesh networks. In meeting this requirement, this study develops a system with a transceiver of extremely high receiver sensitivity based on the IEEE 802.15.4k physical layer specifications. To reduce the energy consumption, the modulation schemes suitable for low complexity detection are chosen for the data transmission in the design. Also, an efficient parallel preamble and payload data detection are adopted at the access point of the proposed LECIM to acquire concurrent packets from respective nodes. Meanwhile, a data‐aided dynamic timing adjustment scheme is proposed for data field detection to rapidly and adaptively synchronise to the long duration of data packet. Furthermore, a testbed is implemented using a software‐defined radio to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design.
Transient current limiter for suppressing transformer inrush, motor starting and fault currents in power system
Authors: Amiri Pouya , Akhbari Mahdi
Published: December 2016

Transient currents (TCs) including transformer inrush, motor starting and fault currents cause mechanical, thermal and electrical stresses to the transformer windings and the power utility equipments. Of these, the inrush current suppression is crucial due to high second harmonic level, causing inadvertent operation of the protective relays. In this study, a TC limiter (TCL) comprising of two diodes and two reactors in each phase is proposed. The number of diodes in the proposed TCL is the half of those employed in the single‐phase diode‐bridge type inrush current limiter (ICL); thus, the proposed TCL topology offers much more reliability and lower cost in addition to lower current ripple. Comparing with the three‐phase diode‐bridge type ICL, the proposed topology is independent of the transformer primary winding connection type. The analysis and design procedure is provided and the performance is verified through simulation and an experimental scaled down prototype for transformer energising, motor starting and fault event.
Direct instantaneous torque and force control: a control approach for switched reluctance machines
Authors: Klein‐Hessling Annegret , Hofmann Andreas , De Doncker Rik W.
Published: December 2016

Switched‐reluctance technology is appealing to the automotive industry due to its low cost. Conventional research focuses on the two main issues, namely torque ripple and acoustic noise. However, control schemes usually only address one of these two issues at a time. This study unifies the approaches of direct instantaneous torque control and direct instantaneous force control to simultaneously eliminate two central drawbacks of switched reluctance machines (SRMs). A search algorithm was used to predict appropriate reference values for each phase to keep torque and overall radial force smooth at any time. Simulation and measurement results confirmed that the control objectives were met so that torque ripple was reduced and the acoustic behaviour of the investigated automotive traction drive was simultaneously improved. A comparison with conventional control methods investigating vibrations and efficiency is provided. The proposed control approach thus provides future engineers with a powerful tool for adapting SRMs to the requirements of the automotive sector.
Proposed diagnostic methodology using the cross‐correlation coefficient factor technique for power transformer fault identification
Authors: Saleh Saber M. , EL‐Hoshy Salah Hamdy , Gouda Osama E.
Published: December 2016

This study investigates the impact of electrical parameter variation of a high‐frequency transformer model on its sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) signature to help in classification and interpretation. The simulations have been done using MATLAB and compared with the reference data. The results of SFRA measurements are repeatable up to and beyond 1MHz. The proposed diagnostic methodology using the Cross‐Correlation Coefficient Factor (CCF) is used to identify the transformer faults. CCF used to measure the degree of relationship between two variables that establish a relation between the predicted and actual data set. The results of this proposed methodology using the CCF compared with existing Chinese Standard factor (CSF) indicate that, the proposed method is valid to identify the transformer faults. Characteristics of the proposed scheme are fully analyzed by extensive MATLAB simulation studies that clearly reveal that this method can accurately identify the transformer faults compared with CSF. And also does not affected by different fault conditions such as transformer normal condition, Turn to Turn Fault for both HV, LV sides, Axial Fault and/or Radial Faults on both sides, Short Circuit Fault between H.V and L.V Sides, Short Circuit to Ground Fault for both HV, LV sides.
Efficient algorithms for real‐time monitoring of transmission line parameters and their performance with practical synchrophasors
Authors: Gurusinghe Dinesh Rangana , Rajapakse Athula D.
Published: December 2016

Accurate transmission line parameters are important for many applications that ensure reliable operation of a power system. The traditional theoretical calculations and offline measurements are widely used approaches obtaining line parameters, but they do not allow tracking of the parameters that change with the environmental factors and load conditions. Synchrophasor‐based real‐time transmission line parameter monitoring algorithms can track the changing parameters. In this study, two novel line parameter estimation algorithms: a lump parameter model and a distributed parameter model are proposed. The performance of the new algorithms are evaluated under various operating conditions using a real‐time digital simulator, and compared with six existing algorithms in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency. The algorithms were also tested and compared using synchrophasor data obtained from a hardware experimental setup. Furthermore, application of the algorithms to an actual 230 kV transmission line is demonstrated. Finally, the sensitivity of the estimated parameters to bias errors in the measurements is analysed.
Fading correlation modelling for troposcatter microwave propagation in array antenna detection applications
Authors: Wang Mengnan , Wang Zhuang , Wang Jing , Cheng Zhu
Published: December 2016

Microwave over‐the‐horizon (OTH) propagation through troposcatter is a valuable candidate for remote targets detection. Array antenna is promising to handle the contradiction between real‐time wide spatial coverage requirement and high antenna gain to capture weak scattering signal. The detection tactics and performance of array receiving systems are significantly affected by the fading correlation between array antennas, but there is no analytical study which considers the fading correlation in troposcatter passive sensing environments for uncooperative targets. In this study, an analytical method based on a scattering transfer function is proposed to derive the channel fading correlation, and the result is a function of transmitter deviation and spatial, temporal, frequency, angular separations of receiving array antennas in uncooperative troposcatter circumstances. In addition, the OTH troposcatter array receiving signal model is derived by exploiting the fading correlation to form the covariance structure of the received array signal, adding up with the signal transmission loss. Existing experimental results validate the derived fading correlations, and the simulation results validate the OTH passive detection performance based on the provided signal model.
Aperture‐coupled microstrip patch antenna fed by orthogonal SIW line for millimetre‐wave imaging applications
Authors: Foudazi Ali , Roth Thomas E. , Ghasr Mohammad T. , Zoughi Reza
Published: December 2016

A new microstrip patch antenna feeding technique for millimetre‐wave imaging applications is proposed. The technique utilises a substrate integrated waveguide line that orthogonally feeds the patch antenna through a coupling aperture. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna was designed to operate at 32 GHz. Measurement and simulation results for rectangular patch antenna are presented showing good agreement with 9% bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB). The aperture‐coupled rectangular patch antenna provided 5.5 dBi gain and 72% efficiency at the design frequency. Finally, the rectangular patch antenna is used for near‐field and wideband synthetic aperture radar imaging to demonstrate the potential of the proposed antenna for imaging applications at millimetre wave frequencies.
Light emitting from the self‐interstitial clusters buried in the Si+ self‐ion implanted Si films
Authors: OuYang Lingxi , Wang Chong , Zhou Mengwei , Yang Jie , Yang Yu
Published: December 2016

The photoluminescence (PL) properties corresponding to different types of the interstitial clusters (or defects) in the silicon ion (Si+) self‐implanted Si have been well reviewed. Given a brief of the conjectural origin, defect type, annealing temperature of the W (1218 nm), X (1193 nm) peak, R (1376 nm), and D bands concluded the present application of Si+ self‐ion‐implantation. The challenges for application of light‐emitting Si and application prospects are also discussed.
An Automated Methodology for Assessing Anatomy-Specific Instrument Motion during Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Harbison R. , Li Yangming , Berens Angelique , Bly Randall , Hannaford Blake , Moe Kris
Published: December 2016

Objectives Describe instrument motion during live endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) and evaluate kinematics within anatomic regions.

Design Case series.

Setting Tertiary academic center.

Participants A single skull base surgeon performed six anterior skull base approaches to the pituitary.

Main Outcomes and Measures Time-stamped instrument coordinates were recorded using an optical tracking system. Kinematics (i.e., mean cumulative instrument travel, velocity, acceleration, and angular velocity) was calculated by anatomic region including nasal vestibule, anterior and posterior ethmoid, sphenoid, and lateral opticocarotid recess (lOCR) regions.

Results We observed mean (standard deviation, SD) velocities of 6.14 cm/s (1.55) in the nasal vestibule versus 1.65 cm/s (0.34) near the lOCR. Mean (SD) acceleration was 7,480 cm/s2 (5790) in the vestibule versus 928 cm/s2 (662) near the lOCR. Mean (SD) angular velocity was 17.2 degrees/s (8.31) in the vestibule and 5.37 degrees/s (1.09) near the lOCR. We observed a decreasing trend in the geometric mean velocity, acceleration, and angular velocity when approaching the pituitary (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Using a novel method for analyzing instrument motion during live ESBS, we observed a decreasing trend in kinematics with proximity to the pituitary. Additional characterization of surgical instrument motion is paramount for optimizing patient safety and training.
Comparison of two synthesis methods for birefringent metasurfaces
Authors: Achouri Karim , Lavigne Guillaume , Caloz Christophe
Published: December 2016

Birefringent metasurfaces are two-dimensional structures capable of independently controlling the amplitude, phase, and polarization of orthogonally polarized incident waves. In this work, we propose an in-depth discussion on the mathematical synthesis of such metasurfaces. We compare the two methods, one that is rigorous and based on the exact electromagnetic fields involved in the transformation and one that is based on approximate reflection and transmission coefficients. We next validate the synthesis technique in metasurfaces performing the operations of a half- and quarter-wave plates, polarization beam splitting, and orbital angular momentum multiplexing and present the corresponding microwave experimental demonstrations.
Nonadiabatic Berry phase in nanocrystalline magnets
Authors: Skomski R. , Sellmyer D. J.
Published: December 2016

It is investigated how a Berry phase is created in polycrystalline nanomagnets and how the phase translates into an emergent magnetic field and into a topological Hall-effect contribution. The analysis starts directly from the spin of the conduction electrons and does not involve any adiabatic Hamiltonian. Completely random spin alignment in the nanocrystallites does not lead to a nonzero emergent field, but a modulation of the local magnetization does. As an explicit example, we consider a wire with a modulated cone angle.
Exchange coupling and microwave absorption in core/shell-structured hard/soft ferrite-based CoFe2O4/NiFe2O4 nanocapsules
Authors: Feng Chao , Liu Xianguo , Or Siu Wing , Ho S. L.
Published: December 2016

Core/shell-structured, hard/soft spinel-ferrite-based CoFe2O4/NiFe2O4 (CFO/NFO) nanocapsules with an average diameter of 17 nm are synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal process using CFO cores of ∼15 nm diameter as the hard magnetic phase and NFO shells of ∼1 nm thickness as the soft magnetic phase. The single-phase-like hysteresis loop with a high remnant-to-saturation magnetization ratio of 0.7, together with a small grain size of ∼16 nm, confirms the existence of exchange-coupling interaction between the CFO cores and the NFO shells. The effect of hard/soft exchange coupling on the microwave absorption properties is studied. Comparing to CFO and NFO nanoparticles, the finite-size NFO shells and the core/shell structure enable a significant reduction in electric resistivity and an enhancement in dipole and interfacial polarizations in the CFO/NFO nanocapsules, resulting in an obvious increase in dielectric permittivity and loss in the whole S–Ku bands of microwaves of 2–18 GHz, respectively. The exchange-coupling interaction empowers a more favorable response of magnetic moment to microwaves, leading to enhanced exchange resonances in magnetic permeability and loss above 10 GHz. As a result, strong absorption, as characterized by a large reflection loss (RL) of -20.1 dB at 9.7 GHz for an absorber thickness of 4.5 mm as well as a broad effective absorption bandwidth (for RL<-10 dB) of 8.4 GHz (7.8–16.2 GHz) at an absorber thickness range of 3.0–4.5 mm, is obtained.
Alpha Helix Nucleation by a Simple Cyclic Tetrapeptide
Authors: Hoang Huy N. , Wu Chongyang , Beyer Renee L. , Hill Timothy A. , Fairlie David P.
Published: December 2016

The simple cyclic tetrapeptide cyclo-(1,4)-[Ala-Arg-Ala-homoGlu]-NH2 (3) is shown to adopt an unusual α-turn structure, which is not α-helical but can nucleate α-helicity when attached to the N-terminus of either model peptides or two biologically relevant peptides. This new N-terminal helix-capping macrocycle provides very simple and rapid synthetic access to α-helical peptide structures.
Ontogeny of clock and KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (Kiss1) gene expression in the prepubertal mouse hypothalamus
Authors: Yap Cassandra C. , Mark Peter J. , Waddell Brendan J. , Smith Jeremy T.
Published: December 2016

Kisspeptin is crucial for the generation of the circadian-gated preovulatory gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)–LH surge in female rodents, with expression in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) peaking in the late afternoon of pro-oestrus. Given kisspeptin expression is established before puberty, the aim of the present study was to investigate kisspeptin and clock gene rhythms during the neonatal period. Anterior and posterior hypothalami were collected from C57BL/6J mice on Postnatal Days (P) 5, 15 and 25, at six time points across 24 h, for analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like gene (Bmal1) and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2 (Rev-erbα) in the anterior hypothalamus (containing the suprachiasmatic nucleus) was not rhythmic at P5 or P15, but Bmal1 expression exhibited rhythmicity in P25 females, whereas Rev-erbα expression was rhythmic in P25 males. KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (Kiss1) expression did not exhibit time-of-day variation in the anterior (containing the AVPV) or posterior (containing the arcuate nucleus) hypothalami in female and male mice at P5, P15 or P25. The data indicate that the kisspeptin circadian peak in expression observed in the AVPV of pro-oestrous females does not manifest at P5, P15 or P25, likely due to inadequate oestrogenic stimuli, as well as incomplete development of clock gene rhythmicity before puberty.
Dynamic NHERF interaction with TRPC4/5 proteins is required for channel gating by diacylglycerol
Authors: Storch Ursula , Forst Anna-Lena , Pardatscher Franziska , Erdogmus Serap , Philipp Maximilian , Gregoritza Manuel , Mederos y Schnitzler Michael , Gudermann Thomas
Published: December 2016

Significance

Transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) 4 and 5 channels are nonselective cation channels activated via G protein-coupled receptors. In contrast to all other TRPC channels, they are regarded as insensitive to the phospholipase C (PLC) product diacylglycerol (DAG). Deeper insight into the G protein-dependent activation mechanism of TRPC4/5 channels is lacking. In this study we unravel the Gq/11protein-mediated signaling pathway leading to TRPC4/5 activation. Depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate causes a conformational change of the TRPC5 C terminus leading to dissociation of Na+/H+exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) proteins thereby inducing a DAG-sensitive channel state. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified activation mechanism of TRPC4/5 channels with NHERF proteins as dynamic regulators of channel activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that TRPC channels are DAG sensitive.
Microstructural characterisation of borided binary Fe–W alloys
Authors: Azakli Y. , Tarakci M.
Published: December 2016

Binary Fe–W alloys with 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 at.-% W additions were prepared to investigate the effect of tungsten on the boronising behaviour by performing pack boronising at 1100°C for 3 h. The borided samples were characterised using SEM, SEM-EPMA, X-ray diffraction, microhardness tester and profilometer. The formation of the FeW2B2 and FeWB precipitates in the main boride layer, the transition zone was verified, and their number and size increased in the main boride layer and transition zone with increasing amount of W in Fe–W binary alloys. The cross-sectional etching with strong acid solution and SEM examination of borided samples revealed the 3D morphology of the FeWB boride crystals with various shapes in the transition zone. The thickness of the boride layer decreased while the average microhardness values of the main boride layer and transition region increased with increasing W contents in the Fe–W binary alloys.
Evaluation of Methods to Estimate Salmon Harvest Using Angler Harvest Permits Available on a Smartphone Application
Authors: McCormick Joshua L.
Published: December 2016

Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha harvest in Oregon is currently estimated using voluntary returns of angler harvest permits. However, estimates are potentially biased due to nonresponse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a new method for estimating harvest in which anglers were given the option to record harvest on a smartphone application in addition to traditional paper harvest permits. Estimates were evaluated via simulation using eight basins along the mid- and north coast of Oregon as a theoretical case study. Simulated harvest was estimated using data from supplemental on-site surveys in conjunction with hypothetical harvest data recorded on smartphones. Confidence intervals varied from 1.2% to 24.7% of actual harvest at the aggregate scale and from 2.6% to 104.1% at the individual-fishery scale when smartphone recording rates were consistent among fisheries. Precision increased as the percentage of anglers recording harvest on a smartphone increased. Based on the simulation results, it is expected that harvest estimates relying on smartphones would have a precision up to 3.0 times greater than that of traditional creel survey estimates. Although the methods described in this study will likely need further evaluation when implemented in practice, they have the potential to provide cost-effective harvest estimates compared with those of the techniques that are currently being applied.

Received March 25, 2016; accepted July 30, 2016 Published online December 20, 2016
A Profitability Analysis of Catch Quotas for the Pacific Hake Fishery in the Gulf of California
Authors: Ramírez-Rodríguez Mauricio
Published: December 2016

Fishing for Pacific Hake Merluccius productus in the Gulf of California is carried out by shrimp trawlers. When the shrimp fishing season ends, these boats shift to catching Pacific Hake and other finfish. The Pacific Hake fishery is relatively new and has the potential to grow as an industry. Therefore, there is interest in defining management plans to create a sustainable fishery. One option is an individual vessel quota system. This paper estimates the per-vessel quota in the Pacific Hake fishery that achieves a break-even operation and estimates the number of vessels that could enter the fishery to avoid overexploitation and overcapacity. Potential per-vessel quotas were estimated based on the cash flow of a representative trawler and the estimate of total Pacific Hake biomass. The results indicate that individual catch quotas for Pacific Hake should be 90.4 or 100 metric tons to achieve a 30% or 45% increase, respectively, in net cash. Additionally, with total allowable catch values equivalent to 25% of the available biomass, the corresponding fleet size would be 74, 82, or 103 vessels based on different scenarios. Because the Pacific Hake fishery is under development, these approximations can be used during the planning stage to meet resource conservation and right-of-use standards.

Received November 12, 2015; accepted August 16, 2016Published online December 20, 2016
Examination of Black Sea Bass Trap Catches in Relation to Soak Time in the Middle Atlantic Bight
Authors: Cullen Daniel W. , Stevens Bradley G.
Published: December 2016

Fish traps were soaked for long (d) and short (min) intervals to examine the relationship between the catch of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata and soak time for traps used in the Middle Atlantic Bight commercial fishery. First, we soaked traps over a 14-d period to examine how catch changes over time and modeled catch as a function of soak time using two three-parameter models from the literature. Maximum catches were obtained after 11 soak days before declining. Models applied to catch and soak time data fit reasonably well and may be used to correct for changes in soak time to develop abundance estimates. Second, we used a modified trap equipped with video cameras to observe fish interactions, including entry and escapement dynamics with traps over short (~60 min) soak times. Out of all the fish that were observed entering the trap, 48 (84.2%) exited while 9 (15.8%) were caught. Patterns for cumulative distributions of entries and exits indicated that entry and escapement behaviors may lead to saturation in Black Sea Bass traps used in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Additional study is needed to examine the dynamics of the saturation process and to elucidate how well trap catches reflect true abundance.

Received February 2, 2016; accepted September 7, 2016 Published online December 20, 2016
Screen Efficiency and Implications for Losses of Lamprey Macrophthalmia at California's Largest Water Diversions
Authors: Goodman Damon H. , Reid Stewart B. , Reyes Rene C. , Wu Brandon J. , Bridges Brent B.
Published: December 2016

We investigated the guidance efficiency of fish screens for the protection of emigrating Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Western River Lamprey (also known as River Lamprey) Lampetra ayresii in a series of experimental trials. All trials were conducted at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility, located in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Estuary at the entrance to one of the world's largest surface water diversions. Using 1,200 lamprey macrophthalmia, we tested for the effect of screen type, time of day, and channel water velocity to guide their swimming behavior to avoid entrainment. We found overwhelming evidence for an effect of screen type on efficiency, whereby all lampreys were successfully guided to a holding tank when a vertical traveling screen was used. This was likely due to the small pore size of the screen relative to lamprey sizes. In contrast, the efficiency of louvers, a behavioral screen designed for salmonids, varied by the interaction of time of day and channel velocity. During nighttime, when lamprey typically emigrate, louver guidance efficiency ranged from 21% (95% CI, 14–30%) to 24% (95% CI, 16–34%). These results were applied to estimate the probability for salvage of lamprey macrophthalmia at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility, which includes a two-stage fish screen design. Between 1957 and 2014, we estimated that 94–96% of the lampreys that were entrained in the export flows were lost and not returned to the delta. However, the probability for fish loss was reduced in 2014 when the secondary louver was replaced with a vertical traveling screen. Our results suggest that lamprey macrophthalmia entrainment into the canals will be eliminated at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility if the primary screen is converted to vertical traveling screen. Surface water diversions may represent a substantial threat to regional metapopulations of anadromous lamprey species worldwide, and screening approaches applied to other fish species such as salmonids may not be protective of lampreys.

Received June 7, 2016; accepted August 23, 2016Published online December 20, 2016
Increased Aldosterone Release During Head-Up Tilt in Early Primary Hypertension
Authors: Reinold Annemarie , Schneider Andreas , Kalizki Tatjana , Raff Ulrike , Schneider Markus P. , Schmieder Roland E. , Schmidt Bernhard M.W.
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Hyperaldosteronism is well known cause of secondary hypertension. However, the importance of aldosterone for the much larger group of patients with primary hypertension is less clear. We hypothesized that in young subjects with primary hypertension, the rise of plasma aldosterone levels in response to head-up tilt testing as a stress stimulus is exaggerated.

METHODS

Hemodynamics (blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), and total peripheral vascular resistance index (TPRI), all by TaskForce monitor) and hormones (plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone) were measured before and during 30 minutes of head-up tilt in 45 young hypertensive and 45 normotensive subjects.

RESULTS

BP, HR, CI, and TPRI all increased in response to head-up tilt, with no difference between groups. There was no difference in baseline PRA, Ang II, and aldosterone between groups. During head-up tilt, PRA, and Ang II levels increased similarly. However, aldosterone levels increased to a greater extent in the hypertensive vs. normotensive subjects (P = 0.0021).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that an increased release of aldosterone in response to orthostatic stress is a feature of early primary hypertension. The similar increase in PRA and Ang II suggests a potential role for secretagogues of aldosterone other than Ang II in this response. In addition to its established role in secondary hypertension, dysregulation of aldosterone release might contribute to the development of primary arterial hypertension.
MRUniNovo: an efficient tool for de novo peptide sequencing utilizing the hadoop distributed computing framework
Authors: Li Chuang , Chen Tao , He Qiang , Zhu Yunping , Li Kenli
Published: December 2016

Tandem mass spectrometry-based de novo peptide sequencing is a complex and time-consuming process. The current algorithms for de novo peptide sequencing cannot rapidly and thoroughly process large mass spectrometry datasets. In this paper, we propose MRUniNovo, a novel tool for parallel de novo peptide sequencing. MRUniNovo parallelizes UniNovo based on the Hadoop compute platform. Our experimental results demonstrate that MRUniNovo significantly reduces the computation time of de novo peptide sequencing without sacrificing the correctness and accuracy of the results, and thus can process very large datasets that UniNovo cannot.

Availability and Implementation

MRUniNovo is an open source software tool implemented in java. The source code and the parameter settings are available at http://bioinfo.hupo.org.cn/MRUniNovo/index.php

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How the Brain Converts Negative Evaluation into Performance Facilitation
Authors: Prévost Charlotte , Lau Hakwan , Mobbs Dean
Published: December 2016

Surpassing negative evaluation is a recurrent theme of success stories. Yet, there is little evidence supporting the counterintuitive idea that negative evaluation might not only motivate people, but also enhance performance. To address this question, we designed a task that required participants to decide whether taking up a risky challenge after receiving positive or negative evaluations from independent judges. Participants believed that these evaluations were based on their prior performance on a related task. Results showed that negative evaluation caused a facilitation in performance. Concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the motivating effect of negative evaluation was represented in the insula and striatum, while the performance boost was associated with functional positive connectivity between the insula and a set of brain regions involved in goal-directed behavior and the orienting of attention. These findings provide new insight into the neural representation of negative evaluation-induced facilitation.
Joint Attention and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Eggebrecht Adam T , Elison Jed T , Feczko Eric , Todorov Alexandre , Wolff Jason J , Kandala Sridhar , Adams Chloe M , Snyder Abraham Z , Lewis John D , Estes Annette M , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Botteron Kelly N , McKinstry Robert C , Constantino John N , Evans Alan , Hazlett Heather C , Dager Stephen , Paterson Sarah J , Schultz Robert T , Styner Martin A , Gerig Guido , Das Samir , Kostopoulos Penelope ,   The IBIS Network, Schlaggar Bradley L , Petersen Steven E , Piven Joseph , Pruett John R
Published: December 2016

Initiating joint attention (IJA), the behavioral instigation of coordinated focus of 2 people on an object, emerges over the first 2 years of life and supports social-communicative functioning related to the healthy development of aspects of language, empathy, and theory of mind. Deficits in IJA provide strong early indicators for autism spectrum disorder, and therapies targeting joint attention have shown tremendous promise. However, the brain systems underlying IJA in early childhood are poorly understood, due in part to significant methodological challenges in imaging localized brain function that supports social behaviors during the first 2 years of life. Herein, we show that the functional organization of the brain is intimately related to the emergence of IJA using functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging and dimensional behavioral assessments in a large semilongitudinal cohort of infants and toddlers. In particular, though functional connections spanning the brain are involved in IJA, the strongest brain-behavior associations cluster within connections between a small subset of functional brain networks; namely between the visual network and dorsal attention network and between the visual network and posterior cingulate aspects of the default mode network. These observations mark the earliest known description of how functional brain systems underlie a burgeoning fundamental social behavior, may help improve the design of targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders, and, more generally, elucidate physiological mechanisms essential to healthy social behavior development.
Locking Compression Pilon Plate for Fixation of Comminuted Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures: A Novel Technique
Authors: Lee Adam K. , Wagner Benjamin R. , McPhillips Kristin , Horwitz Daniel S. , Widmaier James C.
Published: December 2016

Posterior wall acetabular fractures involving a large portion the wall's width and with extensive comminution are difficult fractures to manage operatively. Cortical substitution with a pelvic reconstruction plate and supplemental spring plates has been the traditional means of fixation for these fractures. This option, however, requires the use of multiple, unlinked plates and provides no reliable option for peripheral fixation in comminuted fragments. We describe a novel technique for operative fixation of large, comminuted posterior wall fractures using a single distal tibia pilon plate with the option for peripheral locking screw fixation and report on a series of 20 consecutive patients treated with this method.
Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma of the Toe: Unusual Location of the Mixoid Variant
Authors: Lamberti Arianna , Miracco Clelia , Fimiani Michele , Rubegni Pietro
Published: December 2016

Superficial acral fibromyxoma (SAFM) is a rare soft tissue tumor that frequently involves the periungual and subungual regions of acral surfaces. Macroscopically, it appears as a flesh-colored dome-shaped solitary mass; microscopically, it consists of a moderately cellular proliferation of spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells embedded in a myxocollagenous stroma and arranged in a loose storiform and focally fascicular pattern. The tumor cells are immunoreactive for CD34, epithelial membrane antigen, CD99, and CD10. In this study, we describe a case of SAFM on the fourth toe with predominantly myxoid stroma. Our case, in contrast of those reported in the literature, showed an unusual location for the myxoid variant. SAFM is often not recognized; it may resemble some benign and malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. The gold standard treatment is surgery. The tumor was completely excised, and no recurrence was evident at 1-year follow-up. Awareness of this entity facilitates its diagnosis and management, avoiding unwarranted concerns and additional procedures for the patient.
Total Matricectomy and V-Y Advancement Flap Technique in the Treatment of Onychogryphosis
Authors: Gürbüz Kaan , Ozan Firat , Kayali Cemil , Altay Taşkin
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Onychogryphosis is manifested by irregular thickening and curving of nails and the nailfold, resulting in ram horn appearance. No therapeutic modality that can normalize nails with onychogryphosis is yet available. Recommended therapies include palliative measures and various surgical interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The authors reviewed the outcomes of total matricectomy and V-Y advancement flap technique used for nail removal in patients with onychogryphosis at the big toe.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The authors evaluated 14 patients with onychogryphosis, including 8 men and 6 women (15 big toes; 10 at the right foot and 5 at the left foot), who underwent total matricectomy and V-Y advancement flap technique. The general complaints included repeated nail removal, pain, cosmetic complaints, and difficulty in wearing shoe and footwear.

RESULTS

Mean age of the patients was 42.4 years. Mean follow-up was 13.5 months. Clinical history revealed at least 2 previous nail removals. No complications were observed during the follow-up period. Mean time to return to daily activities was 4.5 weeks. Patient satisfaction was rated as very good in 9 patients and good in 5 patients.

CONCLUSION

The surgical technique employed in patients with onychogryphosis is a safe treatment option with a high success rate.
Treatment Practices and Outcomes of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction at a Tertiary Center in Southern India
Authors: Lee Ling , Garrett Qian , Flanagan Judith L. , Vaddavalli Pravin K. , Papas Eric B.
Published: December 2016

Objective:

To describe the current treatment practices for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) at a tertiary eye center, together with the subjective outcomes and compliance behaviors of patients.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records for MGD severity grading, treatment prescribed, and follow-up schedule. In addition, participants were surveyed to gauge subjective outcomes and treatment adherence.

Results:

Eight hundred ten patients were diagnosed with “MGD” or “meibomitis” and had a total of 14 different treatment combinations prescribed. In 3.0% of cases, there was no treatment specified. As MGD severity increased, it became more likely that management would be applied and this was also associated with significantly longer treatment durations (P=0.02) and shorter follow-up periods (P<0.001). Posttreatment subjective outcomes and treatment adherence surveys had a response rate of 36.7% and 24.1% respectively. Overall, 53.5% reported sustained improvement, 40.7% no improvement, and 5.7% experienced temporary relief. Although no treatment regimen seemed to be more efficacious than others, patients showed greater adherence when using topical reagents compared with lid hygiene measures (P≤0.002).

Conclusion:

Clinicians, in this large tertiary eye center, use a wide range of treatment regimens to manage MGD. This suggests the need for development of standard management protocols. Whether alone, or in combination, no MGD treatment significantly improved subjective symptoms, a result that may be influenced by compliance behaviors. Use of topical reagents (eye drops or ointment) seemed to be associated with the best compliance. Future focus on more effective MGD treatments is needed to improve practical outcomes.