Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19
Authors: Thwaites Ryan S , Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu Ashley , Siggins Matthew K , Liew Felicity , Russell Clark D , Moore Shona C , Fairfield Cameron , Carter Edwin , Abrams Simon , Short Charlotte-Eve , Thaventhiran Thilipan , Bergstrom Emma , Gardener Zoe , Ascough Stephanie , Chiu Christopher , Docherty Annemarie B , Hunt David , Crow Yanick J , Solomon Tom , Taylor Graham P , Turtle Lance , Harrison Ewen M , Dunning Jake , Semple Malcolm G , Baillie J Kenneth , Openshaw Peter JM ,   on behalf of the ISARIC4C investigators, >Baillie J Kenneth , Semple Malcolm G , Openshaw Peter JM , Alex Beatrice , Bach Benjamin , Barclay Wendy S , Bogaert Debby , Chand Meera , Cooke Graham S , Docherty Annemarie B , Dunning Jake , da Silva Filipe Ana , Fletcher Tom , Green Christopher A , Gupta Rishi K , Harrison Ewen M , Hiscox Julian A , Ho Antonia Ying Wai , Horby Peter W , Ijaz Samreen , Khoo Saye , Klenerman Paul , Law Andrew , Lim Wei Shen , Mentzer Alexander J , Merson Laura , Meynert Alison M , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Moore Shona C , Palmarini Massimo , Palmieri Carlo , Paxton William A , Pollakis Georgios , Price Nicholas , Rambaut Andrew , Robertson David L , Russell Clark D , Sancho-Shimizu Vanessa , Scott Janet T , de Silva Thushan , Sigfrid Louise , Solomon Tom , Sriskandan Shiranee , Stuart David , Summers Charlotte , Tedder Richard S , Thomson Emma C , AA Roger Thompson , Thwaites Ryan S , Turtle Lance , Zambon Maria , Hardwick Hayley , Donohue Chloe , Lyons Ruth , Griffiths Fiona , Oosthuyzen Wilna , Norman Lisa , Pius Riinu , Drake Tom M , Fairfield Cameron J , Knight Stephen , Mclean Kenneth A , Murphy Derek , Shaw Catherine A , Dalton Jo , Girvan Michelle , Saviciute Egle , Roberts Stephanie , Harrison Janet , Marsh Laura , Connor Marie , Halpin Sophie , Jackson Clare , Gamble Carrol , Leeming Gary , Law Andrew , Wham Murray , Clohisey Sara , Hendry Ross , Scott-Brown James , Greenhalf William , Shaw Victoria , McDonald Sarah , Keating Seán , Ahmed Katie A. , Armstrong Jane A , Ashworth Milton , Asiimwe Innocent G , Bakshi Siddharth , Barlow Samantha L , Booth Laura , Brennan Benjamin , Bullock Katie , Carlucci Nicola , Cass Emily , Catterall Benjamin WA , Clark Jordan J , Clarke Emily A , Cole Sarah , Cooper Louise , Cox Helen , Davis Christopher , Dincarslan Oslem , Carracedo Alejandra Doce , Dunn Chris , Dyer Philip , Elliott Angela , Evans Anthony , Finch Lorna , Fisher Lewis WS , Flaherty Lisa , Foster Terry , Garcia-Dorival Isabel , Greenhalf Willliam , Gunning Philip , Hartley Catherine , Holmes Anthony , Jensen Rebecca L , Jones Christopher B , Jones Trevor R , Khandaker Shadia , King Katharine , Kiy Robyn T. , Koukorava Chrysa , Lake Annette , Lant Suzannah , Latawiec Diane , Lavelle-Langham L , Lefteri Daniella , Lett Lauren , Livoti Lucia A , MacLean Alan , Massey Hannah , Maziere Nicole , Mancini Maria , McCafferty Sarah , McDonald Sarah , McEvoy Laurence , McLauchlan John , Metelmann Soeren , Miah Nahida S , Middleton Joanna , Mitchell Joyce , Moore Shona C , Morrice Kirstie , Murphy Ellen G , Murphy Lee , Penrice-Randal Rebekah , Pilgrim Jack , Prince Tessa , Reynolds Will , Ridley P. Matthew , Sales Debby , Shaw Victoria E , Shears Rebecca K , Small Benjamin , Subramaniam Krishanthi S , Szemiel Agnieska , Taggart Aislynn , Tanianis-Hughes Jolanta , Thomas Jordan , Trochu Erwan , van Tonder Libby , Wilcock Eve , Wrobel Nicola , Zhang J. Eunice , Adeniji Kayode , Agranoff Daniel , Agwuh Ken , Ail Dhiraj , Aldera Erin L , Alegria Ana , Angus Brian , Ashish Abdul , Atkinson Dougal , Bari Shahedal , Barlow Gavin , Barnass Stella , Barrett Nicholas , Bassford Christopher , Basude Sneha , Baxter David , Beadsworth Michael , Bernatoniene Jolanta , Berridge John , Best Nicola , Bothma Pieter , Brealey David , Brittain-Long Robin , Bulteel Naomi , Burden Tom , Burtenshaw Andrew , Caruth Vikki , Chadwick David , Chambler Duncan , Chee Nigel , Child Jenny , Chukkambotla Srikanth , Clark Tom , Cole Sarah , Collini Paul , Cosgrove Catherine , Cupitt Jason , Cutino-Moguel Maria-Teresa , Dark Paul , Dawson Chris , Dervisevic Samir , Donnison Phil , Douthwaite Sam , DuRand Ingrid , Dushianthan Ahilanadan , Dyer Tristan , Evans Cariad , Eziefula Chi , Fegan Chrisopher , Finn Adam , Fullerton Duncan , Garg Sanjeev , Garg Sanjeev , Garg Atul , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Godden Jo , Goldsmith Arthur , Graham Clive , Hardy Elaine , Hartshorn Stuart , Harvey Daniel , Havalda Peter , Hawcutt Daniel B , Hobrok Maria , Hodgson Luke , Holme Anita , Hormis Anil , Jacobs Michael , Jain Susan , Jennings Paul , Kaliappan Agilan , Kasipandian Vidya , Kegg Stephen , Kelsey Michael , Kendall Jason , Kerrison Caroline , Kerslake Ian , Koch Oliver , Koduri Gouri , Koshy George , Laha Shondipon , Laird Steven , Larkin Susan , Leiner Tamas , Lillie Patrick , Limb James , Linnett Vanessa , Little Jeff , Lyttle Mark , MacMahon Michael , MacNaughton Emily , Mankregod Ravish , Masson Huw , Matovu Elijah , McCullough Katherine , McEwen Ruth , Meda Manjula , Mills Gary , Minton Jane , Mirfenderesky Mariyam , Mohandas Kavya , Mok Quen , Moon James , Moore Elinoor , Morgan Patrick , Morris Craig , Mortimore Katherine , Moses Samuel , Mpenge Mbiye , Mulla Rohinton , Murphy Michael , Nagel Megan , Nagarajan Thapas , Nelson Mark , O’Shea Matthew K , Otahal Igor , Ostermann Marlies , Pais Mark , Papineni Padmasayee , Panchatsharam Selva , Papakonstantinou Danai , Paraiso Hassan , Patel Brij , Pattinson Natalie , Pepperell Justin , Peters Mark , Phull Mandeep , Pintus Stefania , Pooni Jagtur Singh , Post Frank , Price David , Prout Rachel , Rae Nikolas , Reschreiter Henrik , Reynolds Tim , Richardson Neil , Roberts Mark , Roberts Devender , Rose Alistair , Rousseau Guy , Ryan Brendan , Saluja Taranprit , Shah Aarti , Shanmuga Prad , Sharma Anil , Shawcross Anna , Sizer Jeremy , Shankar-Hari Manu , Smith Richard , Snelson Catherine , Spittle Nick , Staines Nikki , Stambach Tom , Stewart Richard , Subudhi Pradeep , Szakmany Tamas , Tatham Kate , Thomas Jo , Thompson Chris , Thompson Robert , Tridente Ascanio , Tupper-Carey Darell , Twagira Mary , Ustianowski Andrew , Vallotton Nick , Vincent-Smith Lisa , Visuvanathan Shico , Vuylsteke Alan , Waddy Sam , Wake Rachel , Walden Andrew , Welters Ingeborg , Whitehouse Tony , Whittaker Paul , Whittington Ashley , Wijesinghe Meme , Williams Martin , Wilson Lawrence , Wilson Sarah , Winchester Stephen , Wiselka Martin , Wolverson Adam , Wooton Daniel G , Workman Andrew , Yates Bryan , Young Peter 
Published: March 2021

GM-CSF is elevated early, scaled with severity, and is central to the inflammatory response in COVID-19, but not severe influenza.