bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myth and origin of the Karitiana ethnicity
Authors: Christofoletti Elisabete
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the narrative of vice‐chief Meireles Karitiana, with the participation of chief‐shaman Cizino Karitiana, who discusses the Karitiana people’s origin myth, particularly in relation to the tension between God and Orá, his brother – a tension between good and evil. The paper describes what can be understood of ancestral life, and the value of connecting life and earth today, especially the forest. It highlights some aspects of the myth related particularly to consumption, domination, anthropocentricity, and the transcendent emergence of a third energy from the tension between the ‘good’ God and his ‘bad’ brother; this is related to Jungian thinking.
Inner‐outer couple: anima and animus revisited. New perspectives for a clinical approach in transition
Authors: Saiz Mario E. , Grez Claudia
Published: July 2022

The conflicts of the outer couple (crises, separations, divorces) with a high incidence in the rates of depression, reveal the archetypal dysfunction of the relationship between the inner‐couple (in‐shadow) and the outer‐couple (in‐crisis). To understand this in depth, a new animated and integrated model of the masculine (animus) and the feminine (anima) is explored. It is a transformational model, in which Jung’s contributions are integrated and understood as knowledge in transition.

Masculine and feminine cosmogonic principles are personified in the human psyche as anima‐animus archetypes‐complexes. Their relationship, mediated by the binding eros (cosmogonic‐eros), configures the inner‐couple‐complex. Masculine and feminine are differentiations of the Self energy, present in both men and women. In the conscious dimension, they structure the ego‐anima‐animus identity; in the dimension of the personal unconscious, the anima‐animus complexes; and at the archetypal level, the deep identity of the primordial feminine/masculine.

In this initial restructured model, the anima‐animus relationship and the description of the dual quaternity as the dynamics of the inner‐outer couple interrelation are especially significant. The breadth and comprehensive richness of the new model is illustrated in the clinical/dream material of a patient under analysis, presenting the dynamics: inner couple in shadow – outer couple in crisis.
On prophets and disciples: the case of Osho
Authors: Alonso Juan Carlos
Published: July 2022

In times of crisis, prophets tend to emerge in different realms including that of religion. This paper undertakes a Jungian analysis of the phenomenon presented between spiritual leader Osho and his disciples in the 1970s and 1980s, as an example of the risks entailed in the type of group process where leader and followers inadvertently identify with the collective archetypes of prophet and follower. Psychosocial situations that predispose the appearance of prophets are analysed, and cases of collective suicides in recent decades are recalled. The paper also highlights the intervention of another psychological phenomenon: the conflict between the ethics of individuals versus that of groups, since large groups produce a decrease in responsibility and individual ethics.
Civilization in transition (ontological confrontation)
Authors: Maroni Amnéris
Published: July 2022

This paper aims at understanding the reception of the new anthropology, in particular the perspective of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, by psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. Native peoples in Brazil have acquired visibility nationally and internationally, thanks to their mobilization and political organization. Award‐winning books have been published such as A Queda do Céu (The Fall of the Sky) by Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert, and Ideias para Adiar o Fim do Mundo (Ideas to Postpone the End of the World) by Ailton Krenak. Freudian‐based psychoanalysis keeps silent about native peoples and the new anthropology. The Lacanian psychoanalyst C. Dunker appears more open about it and wrote many articles and one important book on the subject. Jungians are the most enthusiastic and speak out politically about these peoples through courses, study groups, articles, online debates, books and the presence of native leaders and shamans in their conferences. This paper discusses the different perspectives on the issue in the psychoanalytical community, which vary from silence to excitement, and their subjacent political alliances.
Childhood and cultural evolution
Authors: Hartmann Ignez Carvalho
Published: July 2022

Already in 1912, Sabina Spielrein addressed the transforming and antagonistic movements of life that appear from conception in her work ‘Destruction as the cause of coming into being’. Her writings form a bridge between Freud and Jung, as they establish the relationship between biological experiences and archetypes. In 1974 Lloyd deMause examined the intrinsic link between primary relational experiences, brain development and the system of beliefs and values of the Sapiens species. He outlined the parallel between the transformation of child education and cultural evolution. Reflecting this theoretical approach, in child psychotherapy we have the peculiar opportunity of resorting to experiences during pregnancy and birth, to gain a deeper understanding of self‐expressions in spontaneous drawings, dreams and sand scenes.
In search of some light in this ugly darkness
Authors: Gambini Roberto
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to understand the origins of what is seen as a lack of understanding about the seriousness of our current times. The author’s view is that this failure is due to a lack of awareness that our human species is destructive, arrogant, self‐centred and ignorant of the laws of nature and the wonderful complexity of the environment that it destroys. Possible new values that could support a new civilizational framework are presented.
The Self and alien self in psyche and soma
Authors: Mizen C. Susan
Published: July 2022

This paper compares presentations of disorders of the sense of body ownership and agency from psychoanalytic and neurological perspectives to demonstrate similarities in symptomatology proposing these similarities arise from adjustments in Friston’s generative model of self‐organization and selfhood. The implications for the analytic model of the Self, for clinical practice and for neuroscience research are considered. Patients with narcissistic disorders use projective defences resulting in a disordered sense of what belongs to whom. This applies to mind and body of self and other and is central to understanding transference and countertransference. Clinical observations of this disordered sense of ownership and agency mirror findings in neurological disorders. This paper proposes that in both neurological and psychological disorders Friston’s ‘internal generative model’ of selfhood is adjusted. Further to this whilst this adjustment may be either neurogenic or psychogenic, the final neural mechanism and symptomatic outcome are similar. On the basis of these observations the paper compares the concept of the Self from Jungian and psychoanalytic perspectives. Finally, the implications for the concept of the death instinct and Britton’s concept of Xenophobia are explored along with the implications of these observations for clinical practice.
The potential of bacterial microcompartment architectures for phytonanotechnology
Authors: Raba Daniel A. , Kerfeld Cheryl A.
Published: July 2022

The application of nanotechnology to plants, termed phytonanotechnology, has the potential to revolutionize plant research and agricultural production. Advancements in phytonanotechnology will allow for the time‐controlled and target‐specific release of bioactive compounds and agrochemicals to alter and optimize conventional plant production systems. A diverse range of engineered nanoparticles with unique physiochemical properties is currently being investigated to determine their suitability for plants. Improvements in crop yield, disease resistance and nutrient and pesticide management are all possible using designed nanocarriers. However, despite these prospective benefits, research to thoroughly understand the precise activity, localization and potential phytotoxicity of these nanoparticles within plant systems is required. Protein‐based bacterial microcompartment shell proteins that self‐assemble into spherical shells, nanotubes and sheets could be of immense value for phytonanotechnology due to their ease of manipulation, multifunctionality, rapid and efficient producibility and biodegradability. In this review, we explore bacterial microcompartment‐based architectures within the scope of phytonanotechnology.
Thoracoscopic segmentectomy for congenital pulmonary airway malformation arising in a lung with an accessory fissure: A case report
Authors: Masahata Kazunori , Matsumoto Sayaka , Watanabe Miho , Kamiyama Masafumi , Tazuke Yuko , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: July 2022

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is a rare congenital lung lesion. This report documents the successful application of thoracoscopic segmentectomy in a 1‐year‐old boy prenatally diagnosed with congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Preoperative imaging studies revealed a microcystic lesion with a region of consolidation in the middle area of the right lung. Elective thoracoscopic resection was performed when the patient was aged 1 year and 4 months. Intraoperatively, the superior segment of the right lower lobe was partially separated from the normal lower lobe by a superior accessory fissure. A solid mass, fused with this segment, shared the visceral pleura. Thoracoscopic segmentectomy was successfully performed, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Histological examination revealed congenital pulmonary airway malformation stocker type 2. Thoracoscopic segmentectomy is a viable surgical option that preserves the normal lung parenchyma in pediatric patients with congenital pulmonary airway malformation.
Development of potent inhibitors by fragment‐linking strategies
Authors: Bedwell Elizabeth V. , McCarthy William J. , Coyne Anthony G. , Abell Chris
Published: July 2022

Fragment‐based drug discovery (FBDD) is a method of identifying small molecule hits that can be elaborated rationally through fragment growing, merging and linking, to afford high‐affinity ligands for biological targets. Despite the promised theoretical potential of fragment linking, examples are still surprisingly sparse and remain overshadowed by the successes of fragment growing. The aim of this review was to outline a number of key examples of fragment‐linking strategies and discuss their strengths and limitations. Structure‐based approaches including X‐ray crystallography and in silico methods of fragment optimization are discussed, as well as fragment linking guided by NMR experiments. Target‐guided approaches, exploiting the biological target to assemble its own inhibitors through dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) and kinetic target‐guided synthesis (KTGS), are identified as alternative efficient methods for fragment linking.
PTX3 mediates the infiltration, migration, and inflammation‐resolving‐polarization of macrophages in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Yifan , Zhao Yihan , Liu Tao , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Nan , Dai Ziyu , Wu Wantao , Cao Hui , Feng Songshan , Zhang Liyang , Cheng Quan , Liu Zhixiong
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an essential regulator of the immune system. However, the immune‐modulatory role of PTX3 in the tumor microenvironment of glioma has not been elucidated.

Methods

The RNA seq samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the China Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. The single‐cell sequencing data of glioblastoma (GBM) samples were obtained from the Single Cell Portal platform (http://singlecell.broadinstitute.org). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess PTX3 expression, HAVCR2, PD‐1, PD‐L1, and CD276 in glioma sections from the Xiangya cohort (n = 60). Multiplex immunofluorescence staining of PTX3, CD68, and CD163 was performed in several solid cancer types, including GBM. HMC3 was cocultured with U251 and U87, and transwell assay and flow cytometry assay were performed to explore the migration and polarization activity of HMC3.

Results

PTX3 expression is significantly increased in GBM. PTX3 expression predicts worse survival in the Xiangya cohort. PTX3 is closely related to the expression of PD‐1, PD‐L1, CD276, and HAVCR2 in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, PTX3 is involved in tumorigenic and immunogenic processes, especially the activity of macrophages based on various signaling pathways in cellular communications and critical transcription factors. Specifically, PTX3 actively mediates macrophages' infiltration, migration, and inflammation‐resolving‐polarization. PTX3 could also predict immunotherapy response.

Conclusion

PTX3 is critically involved in macrophage infiltration, migration, and inflammation‐resolving‐polarization and modulates an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Is there wealth stability across generations in the U.S.? Evidence from panel study, 1984–2017
Authors: Toney Jermaine
Published: July 2022

The net wealth accumulation of grandparents appears to be strongly determinative of the net wealth holdings of their adult grandchildren. While these general features are understood, few details are known about the persistence of wealth components that determine overall portfolio outcomes and their variance. I find that grandparental linkages in household portfolio components (risky assets, safe assets, non‐financial assets) are strongly positively correlated with the asset components of the current generation. Meanwhile, I find that there is persistence in intergroup disparities in wealth components, accounting for the intergenerational transfers of wealth from grandparents and parents. My decompositions of net wealth into risky, safe, and non‐financial assets illuminate different policy implications connected to total wealth accumulation and wealth inequality across younger households.
Abnormal microglial polarization induced by Arid1a deletion leads to neuronal differentiation deficits
Authors: Gong Maolei , Shi Ruoxi , Liu Yijun , Ke Jinpeng , Liu Xiao , Du Hong‐Zhen , Liu Chang‐Mei
Published: July 2022

Objective

Microglia, the prototypical innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are highly plastic and assume their phenotypes dependent on intrinsically genetic, epigenetic regulation or extrinsically microenvironmental cues. Microglia has been recognized as key regulators of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and brain functions. Chromatin accessibility is implicated in immune cell development and functional regulation. However, it is still unknown whether and how chromatin remodelling regulates the phenotypic plasticity of microglia and exerts what kind of effects on NSPCs.

Methods

We investigated the role of chromatin accessibility in microglia by deleting chromatin remodelling gene Arid1a using microglia‐specific Cx3cr1‐cre and Cx3cr1‐CreERT2 mice. RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq were performed to dissect the molecular mechanisms. In addition, we examined postnatal M1/M2 microglia polarization and analysed neuronal differentiation of NSPCs. Finally, we tested the effects of microglial Arid1a deletion on mouse behaviours.

Results

Increased chromatin accessibility upon Arid1a ablation resulted in enhanced M1 microglial polarization and weakened M2 polarization, which led to abnormal neurogenesis and anxiety‐like behaviours. Switching the polarization state under IL4 stimulation could rescue abnormal neurogenesis, supporting an essential role for chromatin remodeler ARID1A in balancing microglial polarization and brain functions.

Conclusions

Our study identifies ARID1A as a central regulator of microglia polarization, establishing a mechanistic link between chromatin remodelling, neurogenesis and mouse behaviours, and highlights the potential development of innovative therapeutics exploiting the innate regenerative capacity of the nervous system.
Online community's recognition and continued participation in idea competitions
Authors: Hsieh Kai‐Yu , Xiao Ping , Contractor Noshir , Wang Li
Published: July 2022

This study examines the effect of online community's recognition on continued participation in idea competitions, and how personal winning record moderates such an influence. We reason that the motivating role of community recognition might either be reinforced or substituted by personal winning record, depending upon whether relational motives (psychological and social bonding) or individualistic motives (personal benefits, such as status and career enhancement) are the primary behavior driver. Through an event history analysis of data obtained from a platform of creative design contests, we find that although community recognition exerts a positive effect on the rate of continued participation for designers who are yet to win any competitions, this effect increasingly turns negative for designers who have won. Such findings indicate that the motivating role of community recognition might be substituted instead of reinforced by personal winning record, lending support to the individualistic view while rejecting the relational view. Although virtual social spaces represent an important means for modern competition platforms to attract and motivate participants, our study informs practitioners about online community's limitation in retaining “star” participants.
“Rescue” rendezvous technique during endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Iwano Kosuke , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Katanuma Akio
Published: July 2022

Watch a video of this article.
Modelling seasonal dynamics of secondary growth in R
Authors: Jevšenak Jernej , Gričar Jožica , Rossi Sergio , Prislan Peter
Published: July 2022

The monitoring of seasonal radial growth of woody plants addresses the ultimate question of when, how and why trees grow. Assessing the growth dynamics is important to quantify the effect of environmental drivers and understand how woody species will deal with the ongoing climatic changes. One of the crucial steps in the analyses of seasonal radial growth is to model the dynamics of xylem and phloem formation based on increment measurements on samples taken at relatively short intervals during the growing season. The most common approach is the use of the Gompertz equation, while other approaches, such as general additive models (GAMs) and generalised linear models (GLMs), have also been tested in recent years. For the first time, we explored artificial neural networks with Bayesian regularisation algorithm (BRNNs) and show that this method is easy to use, resistant to overfitting, tends to yield s‐shaped curves and is therefore suitable for deriving temporal dynamics of secondary tree growth. We propose two data processing algorithms that allow more flexible fits. The main result of our work is the XPSgrowth() function implemented in the radial Tree Growth (rTG) R package, that can be used to evaluate and compare three modelling approaches: BRNN, GAM and the Gompertz function. The newly developed function, tested on intra‐seasonal xylem and phloem formation data, has potential applications in many ecological and environmental disciplines where growth is expressed as a function of time. Different approaches were evaluated in terms of prediction error, while fitted curves were visually compared to derive their main characteristics. Our results suggest that there is no single best fitting method, therefore we recommend testing different fitting methods and selection of the optimal one.
Identifying the winter grounds of the recently described Barbary Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus baeticatus ambiguus)
Authors: Jiguet Frédéric , Dufour Paul , Kardynal Kevin J. , Hobson Keith A. , Copete José Luis , Arroyo Jose Luis , Lee Raymond W. , Rguibi‐Idrissi Hamid , Procházka Petr
Published: July 2022

The Iberian and North African populations of reed warblers have been described recently as a separate taxon, ambiguus, forming a sister clade to the Sahelian subspecies minor of African Reed Warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus. Although the breeding range of ambiguus has been identified, the migration strategy of its populations remained unknown. We deployed geolocators and sampled the innermost primary from breeding adults in Spain for stable hydrogen (δ2H) analyses and also analysed stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in feathers collected in two reed warbler taxa (Acrocephalus scirpaceus and Acrocephalus baeticatus ambiguus) in Morocco, to identify the moulting and wintering sites of these populations. Ring recoveries, geolocator tracks and probabilistic assignments to origin from δ2H values indicate that Spanish ambiguus are likely to moult south of the Sahara and winter in West Africa, probably from Mauretania to southern Mali and Ivory Coast. Moroccan ambiguus, however, undergo post‐breeding moult north of the Sahara, and possibly then migrate to West Africa. With other populations of ambiguus breeding from Algeria to Libya and probably wintering further east in the Sahelian belt, the Barbary Reed Warbler can therefore be considered a trans‐Saharan migrant, with a post‐breeding moult strategy that varies between populations, and probably structured according to breeding latitude.
Struggling in pandemic times: Migrant women's virtual political organization during the COVID‐19 crisis in Spain
Authors: Martín‐Díaz Emma , Castellani Simone
Published: July 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain, the lockdowns brought about the loss of labour and social rights for many migrant women working in highly informal employment sectors. Drawing on digital ethnography, this article examines the role of migrant women in political mobilization within migrant associations during 2020 in Spain, when online interactions assumed primary importance. First, it shows how migrant organizations create bricolage by combining economic, social, cultural and political resources to organize migrants in Spain during COVID‐19 within the digital space. Second, the article highlights how the reactions of the migrant population to the pandemic in Spain represent an act of disruption led mainly by women, within the dynamics of social conflict and political activism that characterize migratory processes. This analysis displays as well the crucial role played by care relationships in these contexts of crises.
An empirical analysis of the effect of foreign direct investment on population health in Ghana
Authors: Immurana Mustapha
Published: July 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is generally viewed as a major supplement to domestic resources in economies all over the world. Given this, most countries including Ghana continue to devise strategies aimed at attracting more FDI inflows as well as reducing FDI outflows (positive net FDI inflows). This has led to several empirical studies examining the effects of FDI on development indicators. However, while FDI can affect population health, it has received very little attention especially in the case of Ghana. This study, therefore, uses annual time series data from 1975 to 2019 to examine the effect of net FDI inflows on population health (life expectancy and death rate) in Ghana. The ordinary least square (OLS) and the instrumental variable two‐stage least square (IV2SLS) estimators are employed as the empirical estimation techniques. The study finds that, net FDI inflows improve population health even after controlling for endogeneity. Thus, enhancing net FDI inflows can be used as an effective tool towards improving population health in Ghana.
A participatory action research study to inform combined type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease care provided in the context of advanced practice nursing
Authors: Blanchfield Denise , O'Connor Laserina
Published: July 2022

Aim

To outline the development, implementation and evaluation of an alternative combined type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) care delivery strategy provided in the context of advanced practice nursing informed by co‐created knowledge, between patients and healthcare teams to address identified gaps in care provision.

Design

This study was informed by the theoretical underpinnings of critical theory and operationalized using a participatory action research (PAR) design. This approach enabled alignment between the theoretical underpinnings and research methodology to respond to practice‐level problems and address issues related to healthcare delivery.

Methods

The study was undertaken in a series of three cycles of enquiry over a 20 month period (July 2018–February 2020) in five geographically diverse specialist diabetes and nephrology centres. Data collection methods included PAR group minute consensus, retrospective chart review, discovery and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.

Results

Compared with international standard care outcomes, a higher proportion of patients attending combined care achieved best practice recommendations for blood pressure, Hba1c and lipid management (64.3% vs. <40%). Patients attending combined care experienced improved detection and management of CKD‐related anaemia. Additionally, the combined care service experienced significantly lower levels of patient's failure to attend scheduled reviews compared with participating standard care services (0% vs. 7%–23.3%).

Conclusions

Best practice clinical care outcomes and patient attendance improved when a combined type 2 diabetes and CKD care delivery strategy provided in the context of advanced practice nursing was adopted.

Impact

This alternative care strategy represented a departure from standard care delivery approaches, in which care for type 2 diabetes and CKD is provided separately and led by physicians. Outcomes demonstrate improved clinical and attendance outcomes which may inform the development of future services led by advanced nurse practitioners.
Is the Australian nursing workforce ready to embrace prescribing under supervision? A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Fox Amanda , Crawford‐Williams Fiona , Ria Joseph , Lynda Cardiff , Debra Thoms , Patsy Yates , Lisa Nissen , Chan Raymond Javan
Published: July 2022

Aim

The aim was to explore nurses' preparedness to expand their practice to prescribe medicines under a supervision model.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A convenience sample of Australian nurses recruited from memberships of State‐based Nursing and Midwifery Unions and professional bodies from diverse care settings. Nurses undertook an online researcher‐constructed survey between March and July 2021 to identify current prescribing practices, motivations for undertaking education in prescribing and perceived barriers to implementation of nurse prescribing under supervision. Data related to demographics, nursing experience and barriers to becoming a prescriber were analysed descriptively. Logistic regression was used to model nursing experience variables with desire to become a prescriber.

Results

A total of 4424 nurses participated with the majority (n = 3645, 82%) reporting they were highly likely to expand their practice to prescribe medicines under supervision. The main motivations to prescribe were to enhance patient care and job satisfaction. Nurses were more likely to want to prescribe if they had <10 years experience (95% CI = 0.3–0.5, p < 0.001), held a bachelor's degree (95% CI = 1.3–2.2, p < 0.001) or higher qualification (95% CI = 1.8–2.9, p < 0.001). Most reported lack of acknowledgement of increased responsibility and workloads (n = 4098, 93%), and insufficient organizational support (n = 4197, 95%) may prevent uptake of nurse prescribing.

Conclusions

Most Australian nurses demonstrated their preparedness to embrace the role of prescribing under supervision. The perceived barriers identified in this study can inform future implementation of this expanded nursing role.

Impact

The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia has proposed a standard of practice to enable nurses to prescribe under supervision. Models of nurse prescribing are being considered globally to address population needs. Successful adoption of this practice is dependent on aspects such as key personnel's acceptance of the initiative. The workforce readiness and barriers highlighted in this study can inform implementation at policy and organizational levels.
Ethical conflicts among physicians and nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Muñoz‐Quiles José M. , Ruiz‐Fernández María D. , Hernández‐Padilla José M. , Granero‐Molina José , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , Ortega‐Galán Ángela M.
Published: July 2022

Rationale, Aims and Objectives

The healthcare system and professionals working in the sector have experienced a high caseload during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This has increased the potential for morally harmful events that violate professionals' moral codes and values. The aim of this study was to understand and explore experiences of new moral challenges emerging among physicians and nurses caring for individuals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Method

The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used in this qualitative study based on Gadamer's phenomenology. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. Thirteen medicine and nursing graduates were interviewed in depth. The participants all worked on the frontline at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were gathered in two basic healthcare districts in Spain, encompassing both primary care and hospital care.

Results

Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Betrayal of moral and ethical values as a key source of suffering; (2) Ethical and moral sense of failure accompanying loss of meaning; (3) Lack of confidence in performance; (4) Self‐demand and self‐punishment as personal condemnation among healthcare workers.

Conclusions

Health institutions must implement interventions for health professionals to help mitigate the consequences of experiencing complex ethical scenarios during the pandemic. In addition, they should promote training in moral and ethical deliberation and prepare them to make decisions of great ethical significance.
Postnatal persistence of nonhuman primate sex‐dependent renal structural and molecular changes programmed by intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Bishop Andrew C. , Spradling‐Reeves Kimberly D. , Shade Robert E. , Lange Kenneth J. , Birnbaum Shifra , Favela Kristin , Dick Edward J. , Nijland Mark J. , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Cox Laura A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Poor nutrition during fetal development programs postnatal kidney function. Understanding postnatal consequences in nonhuman primates (NHP) is important for translation to our understanding the impact on human kidney function and disease risk. We hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in NHP persists postnatally, with potential molecular mechanisms revealed by Western‐type diet challenge.

Methods

IUGR juvenile baboons were fed a 7‐week Western diet, with kidney biopsies, blood, and urine collected before and after challenge. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to analyze biosamples.

Results

Pre‐challenge IUGR kidney transcriptome and urine metabolome differed from controls. Post‐challenge, sex and diet‐specific responses in urine metabolite and renal signaling pathways were observed. Dysregulated mTOR signaling persisted postnatally in female pre‐challenge. Post‐challenge IUGR male response showed uncoordinated signaling suggesting proximal tubule injury.

Conclusion

Fetal undernutrition impacts juvenile offspring kidneys at the molecular level suggesting early‐onset blood pressure dysregulation.
Serum differentially expressed angiogenic cytokines in head and neck vascular malformations
Authors: Zhang Liming , Shen Yuchen , Wang Zhenfeng , Li Xiao , Xia Weiya , Su Lixin , Fan Xindong , Wang Deming
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds

Head and neck vascular malformation (HNVM) is a highly complex congenital condition that is difficult to diagnose, monitor and treat. Therefore, it is critical to explore serum cytokines that may be related to its pathology and prognosis.

Methods

An antibody‐based microarray was used to examine the expression of 31 angiogenic cytokines in 11 HNVM patients relative to 11 healthy subjects. ELISA was used to verify the results. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the differentially expressed cytokines (DECs). Additionally, we explored the function of DECs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro via CCK‐8, wound healing, transwell and tube formation assays.

Results

Expression of interleukin (IL)‐10, matrix metallopeptidase‐9 (MMP‐9) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF‐R2) in HNVM patients was significantly higher, whereas levels of IL‐12p40 and angiostatin were significantly lower in HNVM patients relative to healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, ELISA only verified that IL‐10, MMP‐9, VEGF‐R2 and IL‐12p40 had significant expression changes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed DECs mainly participated in the RAS signalling pathway. Functional studies demonstrated that IL‐10, MMP‐9 and VEGF‐R2 promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation, while IL‐12p40 inhibited these processes in HUVECs.

Conclusions

The present study not only indicates that IL‐10, MMP‐9, VEGF‐R2 and IL‐12p40 may participate in the development of HNVMs but also provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of new targeted molecules in the treatment of HNVMs.
Spanish mental health nurses' experiences of mechanical restraint: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Pérez‐Toribio Alonso , Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Roldán‐Merino Juan F. , Nash Michael
Published: July 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Mechanical restraint is a common practice in mental healthcare settings in Spain, despite controversy.

Mechanical restraint is perceived as a negative experience for nurses and service users.

Mechanical restraint damages the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship, which is essential in providing quality care and promoting recovery.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The negative experiences of service users and mental health nurses arising from use of mechanical restraint affects both parties involved and results in trauma.

Using mechanical restraint can provoke a moral injury in mental health nurses which can negatively impact on the establishment of trust within the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurses must be aware of the negative effects that mechanical restraint use has on both their practice and their day‐to‐day lives.

Post‐mechanical restraint debriefing is required to repair the damage to the trust aspect of the nurse–patient relationship.

Involving service users in co‐producing a debriefing framework may be a way to rebuild trust through constructive dialogue.

Introduction

Mechanical restraint is an intervention that causes harm to service users and nurses, yet continues to be used in many countries, including Spain. However, there is a lack of research exploring Spanish mental health nurses' experiences of using mechanical restraint.

Aim

To describe the experiences of mental health nurses who have used mechanical restraint in practice.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive methodology was used and a purposive sample of 10 Spanish mental health nurses were interviewed about their experiences of using mechanical restraint. Thematic analysis was then employed to analyse interview data.

Results

Participants' experiences of using mechanical restraint were mostly negative. Three main themes arose from the analysis of interview transcripts, (i) symmetrical trauma, (ii) moral injury and (iii) broken trust.

Discussion

The use of restrictive practices, which can be perceived as counter‐therapeutic, exposes nurses to risks such as moral injury and service users to broken trust in the therapeutic nurse patient relationship. Avoiding empathy in order to use mechanical restraint is counterproductive, in the understanding that empathy is key to reducing this intervention.

Implications for practice

Reducing or eliminating use of mechanical restraints should be a policy and practice priority due to the symmetrical harms it causes both nurses and service users. The trust aspect of the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship is a significant casualty when mechanical restraint is used, therefore involving service users in co‐production of post‐mechanical restraint debriefing can be an avenue for restoring this trust through dialogue.
Dynamic aphasia with emerging agrammatism, anomia, and aberrant frontal behaviors in a case of atypical parkinsonism
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya , Duffy Joseph R. , Machulda Mary M. , Lowe Val J. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: July 2022

A 57‐year‐old man presented with dynamic aphasia with evolving agrammatism and anomia. Additionally, he exhibited emerging atypical parkinsonism and features of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Insights pertinent to this complex clinical presentation are discussed.
Mesopelagic–epipelagic fish nexus in viability and feasibility of commercial‐scale mesopelagic fisheries
Authors: Kourantidou Melina , Jin Di
Published: July 2022

While considerable scientific uncertainties persist for mesopelagic ecosystems, the fishing industry has developed a great interest in commercial exploitation with improved technologies as part of their search for new sources of feed for fishmeal and fish oil for aquaculture, which will intensify with the planet's growing population. The multiple uncertainties surrounding the ecosystem structure and particularly the size of biomass, hinder a good understanding of the risks associated with large‐scale exploitation, which is needed for a management framework for sustainable ocean uses. Despite concerns regarding irreversible losses triggered by commercial fishing, work exploring the vulnerability of mesopelagic fish to harvesting is largely missing. This study investigates the economic feasibility of mesopelagic fishing which is the primary driver for any possible future expansion. Using very limited information currently available, we conduct a high‐level assessment focusing on key ecological and economic interactions and develop an initial understanding of the economic feasibility of commercial harvesting for mesopelagic fish in the coming years. We conduct simulations using a classical bioeconomic model that captures two species groups, mesopelagic and epipelagic fish, using a wide range of price and cost parameters. We analyze different scenarios for the economic profitability of the fishery in a regional fishery management context. The results of our study highlight the importance of better understanding key biological and ecological mechanisms and parameters which can in turn help inform policies aimed at protecting the mesopelagic.
The effect of human versus automated interaction on willingness to participate in government programs: The role of representation
Authors: Miller Susan M. , Song Miyeon , Keiser Lael R.
Published: July 2022

Increased reliance on automated systems in government raises important questions about the impact of these systems on program participation. We look at the relationship between an automated application process and program participation through a representation lens. From a representative bureaucracy perspective, we examine whether gender representation increases participation intentions compared with interacting with an automated system. We also consider a political dimension of representation, investigating whether interacting with an automated system increases participation intentions among those whose policy preferences do not align with program goals. While we do not see differences based on gender representation in our survey experiment, we do find evidence that an automated system leads to greater willingness to participate among those whose policy preferences do not align with the program. These results provide insight into when automated systems may influence participation, suggesting a potential positive role among those who are not politically favorable toward a program.
Sensible individuation
Authors: Sethi Umrao
Published: July 2022

There is a straightforward view of perception that has not received adequate consideration because it requires us to rethink basic assumptions about the objects of perception. In this paper, I develop a novel account of these objects—the sensible qualities—which makes room for the straightforward view. I defend two primary claims. First, I argue that qualities like color and shape are “ontologically flexible” kinds. That is, their real definitions allow for both physical objects and mental entities to be colored or shaped. Second, a single instance of these qualities can be attributed to more than one entity. Just as we attribute the same instance of a material property to a statue and to the clay that constitutes it, single instances of sensible qualities should be attributed both to the physical objects perceived and to the perceptual states that have those instances as their objects.
Age‐related changes in testicular morphometry and function in Egyptian donkeys
Authors: Masoud Shimaa R. , Kishta Afaf A. , Canisso Igor F. , Abdel‐Megeid Nazema S. , Fathalla Said I. , Shawky Sherif M. , Abdoon Ahmed Sabry S.
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to assess the effects of age on testicular morphometry and function in donkeys. Testes and epididymides of 57 donkeys were harvested immediately after slaughtering. The donkeys were grouped: young (1–4 years old, n = 13); adult (5–15 years old, n = 25) and aged (>15 years old, n = 19). Each testis and epididymis were weighed separately. Testicular volume was calculated. Epididymal sperm was harvested by retrograde flushing method, and sperm parameters were evaluated. The testicular parenchyma was immunolabelled for BAX and COX2. Adult and aged donkeys had greater testicular weight and volume than young (p < .05). Epididymal sperm concentration, motility and viability were greater (p < .05) in adults and aged (931.8 ± 39.3 and 858.2 ± 33.2 × 106/ml) than in young animals (316.3 ± 72.8 × 106/ml). Aged donkeys had a higher percentage of morphological sperm defects than the other categories (p < .05). Histological examination revealed the presence of age‐related degenerative changes in testicular tissue of donkeys. Aged donkeys had higher COX2 protein expression than adult and young donkeys. BAX protein was overly expressed in adults than aged or young animals. In conclusion, advancement of age affects the testicular morphometry and function in donkeys.
Quantitative microbiological risk assessment of nontyphoidal Salmonella in ground pork in households in Chengdu, China
Authors: Bai Li , Wang Jun , Sun Honghu , Wang Yeru , Wang Yibaina , Wang Qi , Liu Zhaoping
Published: July 2022

Foodborne disease caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the most important food safety issues worldwide. The objectives of this study were to carry out microbial monitoring on the prevalence of NTS in commercial ground pork, investigate consumption patterns, and conduct a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) that considers cross‐contamination to determine the risk caused by consuming ground pork and ready‐to‐eat food contaminated during food handling in the kitchen in Chengdu, China. The food pathway of ground pork was simplified and assumed to be several units according to the actual situation and our survey data, which were collected from our research or references and substituted into the QMRA model for simulation. The results showed that the prevalence of NTS in ground pork purchased in Chengdu was 69.64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.2–78.0), with a mean contamination level of −0.164 log CFU/g. After general cooking, NTS in ground pork could be eliminated (contamination level of zero). The estimated probability of causing salmonellosis per day was 9.43E‐06 (95% CI: 8.82E‐06–1.00E‐05), while the estimated salmonellosis cases per million people per year were 3442 (95% CI: 3218–3666). According to the sensitivity analysis, the occurrence of cross‐contamination was the most important factor affecting the probability of salmonellosis. To reduce the risk of salmonellosis caused by NTS through ground pork consumption, reasonable hygiene prevention and control measures should be adopted during food preparation to reduce cross‐contamination. This study provides valuable information for household cooking and food safety management in China.
Inflationary effects of oil price and exchange rate shocks in South Africa: Evidence from time‐varying pass‐through coefficients
Authors: Akdeniz Coşkun , Çatık Abdurrahman Nazif , Ballı Esra
Published: July 2022

This paper estimates the exchange rate and oil price pass‐through to South African domestic prices (ERPT and OPPT, respectively). This study adopts a novel approach to compute pass‐through coefficients along the pricing channel using the time‐varying responses of the time‐varying parameter (TVP)‐VAR model. Our findings show that both ERPT and OPPT are incomplete, despite varying responses to local and global economic events that cause fluctuations in the exchange rate and oil prices. The ERPT coefficients have peaked in 1998 and 2001, coinciding with the crisis that caused the excessive depreciation of the domestic currency. The OPPT coefficients, on the other hand, reach their maximum effect during the 2008 global financial crisis. Our findings do not reveal a significant decline in ERPT compared with the 1980s. In contrast to a significant first‐stage effect, the direct ERPT and OPPT coefficients are found to be insignificant. The findings also show that direct OPPT to consumer fuel prices is significantly higher than that of import prices.