bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signatures of Young Planets in the Continuum Emission from Protostellar Disks
Authors: Isella Andrea , Turner Neal J.
Published: June 2018

Many protostellar disks show central cavities, rings, or spiral arms likely caused by low-mass stellar or planetary companions, yet few such features are conclusively tied to bodies embedded in the disks. We note that even small features on the disk surface cast shadows, because the starlight grazes the surface. We therefore focus on accurately computing the disk thickness, which depends on its temperature. We present models with temperatures set by the balance between starlight heating and radiative cooling, which are also in vertical hydrostatic equilibrium. The planet has 20, 100, or 1000 M
⊕, ranging from barely enough to perturb the disk significantly, to clearing a deep tidal gap. The hydrostatic balance strikingly alters the appearance of the model disk. The outer walls of the planet-carved gap puff up under starlight heating, throwing a shadow across the disk beyond. The shadow appears in scattered light as a dark ring that could be mistaken for a gap opened by another more distant planet. The surface brightness contrast between outer wall and shadow for the 1000 M
⊕ planet is an order of magnitude greater than a model neglecting the temperature disturbances. The shadow is so deep that it largely hides the planet-launched outer arm of the spiral wave. Temperature gradients are such that outer low-mass planets undergoing orbital migration will converge within the shadow. Furthermore, the temperature perturbations affect the shape, size, and contrast of features at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths. Thus radiative heating and cooling are key to the appearance of protostellar disks with embedded planets.
Preferential Accretion in the Supermassive Black Holes of Milky Way-size Galaxies Due to Direct Feeding by Satellites
Authors: Sanchez N. Nicole , Bellovary Jillian M. , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly , Tremmel Michael , Brooks Alyson , Governato Fabio , Quinn Tom , Volonteri Marta , Wadsley James
Published: June 2018

Using a new, high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulation of a Milky Way-type (MW-type) galaxy, we explore how a merger-rich assembly history affects the mass budget of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). We examine a MW-mass halo at the present epoch whose evolution is characterized by several major mergers to isolate the importance of merger history on black hole (BH) accretion. This study is an extension of Bellovary et al. (2013), which analyzed the accretion of high mass, high-redshift galaxies and their central BHs, and found that the gas content of the central BH reflects what is accreted by the host galaxy halo. In this study, we find that a merger-rich galaxy will have a central SMBH preferentially fed by gas accreted through mergers. Moreover, we find that the gas composition of the inner ∼10 kpc of the galaxy can account for the increase of merger-accreted gas fueling the SMBH. Through an investigation of the angular momentum of the gas entering the host and its SMBH, we determine that gas accreted through mergers enters the galaxy halo with lower angular momentum compared to smooth accretion, partially accounting for the preferential fueling witnessed in the SMBH. In addition, the presence of mergers, particularly major mergers, also helps funnel low angular momentum gas more readily to the center of the galaxy. Our results imply that galaxy mergers play an important role in feeding the SMBH in MW-type galaxies with merger-rich histories.
CLUMP-3D: Testing ΛCDM with Galaxy Cluster Shapes
Authors: Sereno Mauro , Umetsu Keiichi , Ettori Stefano , Sayers Jack , Chiu I-Non , Meneghetti Massimo , Vega-Ferrero Jesús , Zitrin Adi
Published: June 2018

The ΛCDM model of structure formation makes strong predictions on the concentration and shape of dark matter (DM) halos, which are determined by mass accretion processes. Comparison between predicted shapes and observations provides a geometric test of the ΛCDM model. Accurate and precise measurements needs a full three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the cluster mass distribution. We accomplish this with a multi-probe 3D analysis of the X-ray regular Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) clusters combining strong and weak lensing, X-ray photometry and spectroscopy, and the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZe). The cluster shapes and concentrations are consistent with ΛCDM predictions. The CLASH clusters are randomly oriented, as expected given the sample selection criteria. Shapes agree with numerical results for DM-only halos, which hints at baryonic physics being less effective in making halos rounder.
First Observations of the Magnetic Field inside the Pillars of Creation: Results from the BISTRO Survey
Authors: Pattle Kate , Ward-Thompson Derek , Hasegawa Tetsuo , Bastien Pierre , Kwon Woojin , Lai Shih-Ping , Qiu Keping , Furuya Ray , Berry David ,   The JCMT BISTRO Survey Team
Published: June 2018

We present the first high-resolution, submillimeter-wavelength polarimetric observations of—and thus direct observations of the magnetic field morphology within—the dense gas of the Pillars of Creation in M16. These 850 μm observations, taken as part of the B-Fields in Star-forming Region Observations Survey (BISTRO) using the POL-2 polarimeter on the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), show that the magnetic field runs along the length of the Pillars, perpendicular to and decoupled from the field in the surrounding photoionized cloud. Using the Chandrasekhar–Fermi method we estimate a plane-of-sky magnetic field strength of 170–320 μG in the Pillars, consistent with their having been formed through the compression of gas with initially weak magnetization. The observed magnetic field strength and morphology suggests that the magnetic field may be slowing the Pillars’ evolution into cometary globules. We thus hypothesize that the evolution and lifetime of the Pillars may be strongly influenced by the strength of the coupling of their magnetic field to that of their parent photoionized cloud—i.e., that the Pillars’ longevity results from magnetic support.
Impuissance et contre-transfert culturel
Authors: Daxhelet Marie-Laure , Johnson-Lafleur Janique , Papazian-Zohrabian Garine , Rousseau Cécile
Published: June 2018

Le contre-transfert culturel est un concept qui souligne la dimension socioculturelle, et donc collective, du contre-transfert. Dans ce texte, nous analysons, au moyen de cinq histoires cliniques présentées dans le cadre de séminaires de discussion de cas transculturels et interinstitutionnels menés à Montréal, Canada, les diverses formes que peut prendre le contre-transfert culturel pour des cliniciens en situation d’impasse thérapeutique face à la prise en charge de familles migrantes. Nous examinons ensuite le rôle éventuel de ces séminaires dans la transformation de ce contre-transfert et dans la formulation de pistes permettant de relancer ou de soutenir le processus thérapeutique. Les résultats indiquent que les séminaires transculturels et interinstitutionnels de discussion de cas facilitent un travail d’élaboration sur les représentations collectives des cliniciens et que ce travail groupal permet de contenir et parfois de dépasser certaines situations d’échec thérapeutique.
Privation des rites de veuvage Akus et indignation
Authors: Wamba André , Mgbwa Vandelin
Published: June 2018

L’Akus est un rite funéraire permettant d’affranchir la conjointe survivante des droits du conjoint décédé sur un éventuel remariage ou rapport sexuel. Les veuves privées du rite développent un sentiment d’indignation et une mésestime de soi dues au fait qu’elles risquent d’être exclues du marché matrimonial. L’étude questionne les évènements liés à la privation des épreuves rituelles et cherche à comprendre la manière dont ils s’articulent avec la problématique matrimoniale de la dot et de la sexualité. Elle est qualitative et a concerné 7 veuves béti. Les données recueillies à partir des entretiens individuels ont été analysées grâce à l’analyse de contenu, en mettant l’accent surtout sur la signification psychosociologique de la privation aux épreuves de veuvage. Les veuves manifestent une honte qui est à l’origine du traumatisme psychique, et souffrent de l’impossibilité de rompre définitivement avec les droits/pouvoirs du défunt conjoint sur leur sexualité et sur un éventuel remariage.
Accueil des familles chinoises en consultation transculturelle
Authors: Philippe Fong Emeline , Simon-Radinez Amalini , Delanoë Daniel
Published: June 2018

L’évolution des migrations chinoises en France depuis les années 1990-2000 amène de plus en plus de familles chinoises très modestes à consulter dans les dispositifs de psychiatrie transculturelle. Dans quelle mesure ces consultations développées dans les années 1980 pour accueillir des migrants venus surtout du Maghreb et d’Afrique subsaharienne sont-elles adaptées aux familles chinoises ? Dans notre expérience avec ces familles, le recours aux étiologies de type animiste faisant intervenir le monde invisible s’est avéré très limité, nous privant d’un levier thérapeutique efficace. L’expression des affects est également très limitée. En revanche, la construction d’une alliance thérapeutique permet le travail sur les récits migratoires, les éléments linguistiques et les processus de nomination et permet aussi à l’enveloppe groupale d’exercer ses effets positifs. Sans verser dans un culturalisme réducteur, ces éléments suggèrent toutefois de moduler l’accueil des familles chinoises en fonction de certains traits de la culture chinoise.
Vers une alternance capacitante dans les Écoles de la deuxième chance (E2C)
Authors: Fernagu Oudet Solveig
Published: June 2018

L’alternance ne peut se réduire à des dispositifs législatifs, elle est aussi une pédagogie. Une pédagogie particulière visant à rapprocher formation et travail. Dans la réalité, les dispositifs de formation par alternance sont multiformes et les outils de régulation et d’accompagnement des formations, des groupes ou des apprenants, à géométrie variable. Il est possible d’en mesurer la pertinence et l’efficacité au travers la grille de lecture que nous propose l’approche par les capabilités. Nous nous proposons de le démontrer dans ce texte au travers l’analyse de ce qui met les formateurs des E2C en capacité de conduire des entretiens-référent.
Nouveau référentiel de compétences dans les Écoles de la deuxième chance : vers de nouvelles transactions
Authors: Houot Isabelle , Lavielle-Gutnik Nathalie
Published: June 2018

La présente contribution propose une réflexion sur la conduite d’une recherche-action accompagnant la mise en œuvre d’une approche par compétences au sein du réseau français des Écoles de la 2 e  Chance. Il s’agit en particulier ici de s’intéresser aux modes de conception et de diffusion d’un nouveau référentiel de compétences. Elle s’attachera à caractériser les processus de référencement à l’œuvre sur un mode coopératif au sein de ce réseau d’acteurs et à en analyser les formes transactionnelles.
Framing the Role of Culture Reflecting on How Culture Affects Learners in Transformative Learning Settings
Authors: Bamba Priscilla
Published: June 2018

From the simplest cell phone to virtual reality headsets, students today are bombarded by technology, so this is bound to affect their expectations in the learning environment and the way they relate to cognitive challenges. Today's culture is an immersion of advanced methods of communicating with each other and with their instructors. Adult learners who return to the world of higher education after having been away for some time have often felt the need to strive harder to show they fit into that world. With a broader worldview, more responsibilities, and often more wisdom gained from having held jobs, sometimes for years, they also bring a richer way of relating to the academic world. At the same, time, though, sometimes responsibilities, including full family lives, limit their time and energy they are capable of devoting to studying and completing assignments.
Culturally Inclusive Teaching of Adult English Language Learners
Authors: Rhodes Christy Michele , Lohr Kathy Diane
Published: June 2018

The growing diversity of the United States population continues to impact public education in many ways. One key area has been the increased awareness of the need to adapt learning environments to enhance the motivation of students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds. Culturally responsive teaching is one approach designed to increase motivation by replacing mainstream teaching practices with those grounded in students' experiences and ways of knowing. This multicultural approach is enacted in many adult English language classes throughout the country. It is the purpose of this chapter to highlight those practices for the larger adult education community.
Changing Formal and Informal Learning Practices Using Smartphones
Authors: Bello-Bravo Julia , Lutomia Anne Namatsi
Published: June 2018

Smartphones have afforded women opportunities to overcome some of the constraints they face in the informal sector. The culture of traditional learning for women in the marketplace refers to sharing common standardized practices of learning from each other, conducting business, communicating, and making money. Sharing information, knowledge, and experiences is already embedded in the culture of the informal sector therefore a network connection through smartphones will bring a new light of opportunities to the learning environment. Using a case study of market women in Ghana, the authors of this chapter focus on these women's experiences learning with video animation in smartphones and predict how they will envision a new way of learning that combines the formal and informal learning with easy capabilities such as visualization, simulation, technical proficiency, and accessibility to information.
Integrating Cultural Perspectives Into Organizational Learning
Authors: Gotian Ruth
Published: June 2018

Higher education has a distinct culture. Subsets of this unique culture are found in specific professional schools, including medical, dental, law, and business schools. Just as every person is different, every institution is also distinctive. Regardless of similarities, successful initiatives at one institution may not translate to another institution. To succeed, a culture of learning, open dialogue, and unbiased, active listening must reverberate through every person and level of hierarchy within the organization. This chapter will delve into the hallmarks of a learning organization and provide useful tools to create successful learning organizations at the program, departmental, and organizational levels while simultaneously being open to transformative learning opportunities for its faculty and staff.
Analyzing How Cultural Norms Affect Learner Preferences in Organizational Learning Programs
Authors: Rice Ronnie O'Brien
Published: June 2018

Offering organizational learning programs that engage employees within the culture may help them implement strategies learned within the organization. The current theoretical research scope was performed to bring a greater understanding of the effects of cultural norms upon learner preferences in organizational learning programs along with self-leadership strategies and general self-efficacy due to the possible effects of individual characteristics upon the overall organizational performance. Due to the intrinsic motivation and biological makeup of the individual, a learner style may be skewed simply because their perception of the cultural norms and effectiveness of the organizational learning program. Cultural norms may have an effect upon learner preference within organizational learning programs; however, the magnitude and direction affects learner preference may be dependent upon self-leadership strategies and the level general self-efficacy.
Association Rules-Based Gray Relational Approach for E-Commerce Recommender System
Authors: Fidan Hüseyin
Published: June 2018

Recommender systems cannot provide healthy results in case of similar products that cannot be identified in e-commerce sites. Insufficient information about users or items is one of the most crucial problems, especially with adding new users or products. The inability to perform relational analysis in the system is due to insufficient data. In this case, the system cannot recommend or bring the non-related items to the users. This chapter suggests the gray relational approach to identify more healthy recommendation lists when there are few relational items. The data was obtained from an e-commerce company and apriori algorithm was applied to the dataset that a randomly chosen user purchased. Gray relational analysis was applied for the most suitable recommendation by using support, confidence, number of likes, adding favorite, deleting from basket, and return information of the products in the dataset. In addition, the most appropriate product sequencing of the recommendation list was realized by gray relational degrees.
An Exploratory Analysis Using Co-Authorship Network
Authors: Güçlü Burçin , Canela Miguel Ángel , Alegre Inés
Published: June 2018

Social network analysis has been widely used by organizational behavior researchers to stress the importance of the context, social connections, and social structure on human behavior. In the last decade, social network analysis has emerged as one of the most useful techniques for exploring online social networks, world wide web, e-mail traffic, and logistic operations. In this chapter, the authors present an application of social network analysis techniques for academic research. The authors choose Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory as the focus of their analysis and, based on that, develop a co-authorship structure that depicts in a clear manner the key authors and/or the researchers that dominate and bridge different sub-fields in the field of management. The authors discuss the implications of this study for academic research and management discipline.
The History of Branding Narratives
Authors: Memiş H. Burcu Önder
Published: June 2018

This chapter contends that along with the digital culture being effective in the lives of individuals, the demands, tastes, entertainment and shopping patterns of groups have also changed. This change is undoubtedly a major influence on the development of communication technologies. However, as the communication technologies evolve, the decision is made by individuals using these technologies in their lives effectively. Listening to the story, imagining the heroes of this story, and mental communication with the heroes of the dream-like story are the features that human beings bring from the oral culture period. Nowadays, the desire to listen and listen to the stories of the individual is part of the consumption process. In this context, transmedia, history and transmediatic transformation of brands will be explained in the chapter.
Reflection of the Cultural Values in Animation Stories Into Transmedia
Authors: Çakmak Veysel
Published: June 2018

Animations are an important communication tool that impacts the lives of people via mass media. The fundamental attraction in the animations comes from their stories. Animation stories in fact are fictional communication tools that reflect the cultural values of the societies. Cultural differences reveal themselves in various characteristics such as the characters of the stories, the places the story take place, the language being used, clothes, games, and songs. In this study, the cultural values of the animation stories in Turkey are analyzed and its transmedia aspect is discussed. Therefore, the animation produced in Turkey called Rafadan Tayfa was analyzed in terms of individualism-collectivism, power distance, masculinity-femininity, and uncertainty avoidance sub-dimensions of “cultural dimensions” by Hofstede. The same animation appeared before the viewers in different ways as a musical, book, movie, and play. In addition, it was determined that these works being produced were continuously broadcast on social media.
Transmedia Storytelling as a Branding Strategy Through Neuromarketing
Authors: Oralkan Ayca
Published: June 2018

Branding is a perceptual bridge between past customer satisfaction and customer expectations towards potential future experiences. The perception of a company is generated by this branding process through emotional expressions of its entity. In order for particular brand information to get noticed among other products, the message has to be well-designed. Neuroscience focuses on this sensory processing by the way the customers receive messages and the way they turn them into behavioral responses. In accordance with this purpose, an effective transmedia storytelling strategy has the potential to provide maximum customer engagement. Transmedia storytelling is an experience of collective intelligence with an immense potential of creating a center of attraction through message content, enabling the participants with similar interests and thoughts to come together by virtue of interactive communication platforms.
The Story of Resistance
Authors: Turgut Hasan
Published: June 2018

In today's world, it's impossible to think about social movements apart from the media, and it has become an obligation out of necessity to set alternative media channels in terms of social movements. The new media and social media networks have been used actively in the process of setting aforementioned alternative media channels. The use of alternative media as a means of criticism and resistance becomes possible with these media networks when they are used with effective communication strategies and techniques. Transmedia storytelling is the leading one among these effective communication strategies. Based on this assertion, in this study, how transmedia storytelling was used as a political advertising activity by the social movements will be analyzed through the example of Gezi Park protests that took place in Turkey in 2013.
Teachers as Models of Internet Use
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Trúc T.
Published: June 2018

As the use of computers increases in schools, students' primary role models in computer use and the internet are their teachers. However, teachers themselves are still learning their way through technology in education and how to best use technology to support student learning. This chapter discusses seven issue areas in relation to cyber ethics and decision making online that go beyond the pedagogy of technology in learning contexts. In particular, the chapter is focused on how teachers can model and conduct best practices in digital copyright, student privacy, student access, digital citizenship, digital communication, social media and empathy, and digital literacy.
Cybernetics, Cyberethics, and Technologically Enhanced Learning
Authors: Doughty Howard A.
Published: June 2018

Cybernetics is the science of communications and control. It has been applied to everything from household thermostats to non-verbal communication. Ethics is the study of beliefs about right and wrong thought and behavior. The synthetic subfield of cyberethics deals with the application of ethics to the technologies and practices of cybernetics. This chapter will explore a definition of cybernetics that goes beyond its association with computers, information networks, and the rights, roles, and responsibilities of people involved in information technology. This more adventuresome approach will embrace broader themes in education and offer insights into the “box” outside of which we are relentlessly being told to think.
Building Resilience Through Effective Disaster Management
Authors: Sakurai Mihoko , Thapa Devinder
Published: June 2018

Existing literature argues that taking a holistic approach to disaster management is important for organizations in building resilience. Theoretical underpinnings to achieve a holistic understanding, however, is lacking. This article applies the notion of an ecosystem as a holistic lens to understand complex disaster management. The paper reports two case studies from Japan and Nepal to illustrate how an ecosystem works during a disaster. The theoretical framework of information ecology is used in analyzing the cases. Based on the findings, the study shows three interconnected mechanisms that can build resilience of an ecosystem in a disaster management context, namely (1) coevolution, (2) collaboration, and (3) embeddedness of local knowledge. The authors argue that coevolution is a key to respond to constantly changing situations during a disaster. To accomplish ecosystem coevolution, creating a collaboration system with governments and local communities and embedding local knowledge into the system are essential. Furthermore, digital tools can play a critical role in the coevolution process.
An Overview of Disaster and Emergency Management Systems Models
Authors: Sarwar Dilshad
Published: June 2018

Emergencies and disasters can cause immense physical, emotional and financial losses to individuals, organisations, and larger scale countries. These emergencies and disasters can fundamentally cause casualties, and in many cases, loss of life. Psychological and financially the impacts on individuals, organisations and countries can be irretrievable due to the impact of the disaster or emergency. Emergency management systems provide a multi-level overview of emergency environments. Bearing the current emergency management models in mind, this article looks at reviewing the existing six models in order to provide a solution for a more comprehensive emergency management system for implementation. If emergencies are managed effectively, these negative impacts can be removed or at least minimised. The article evaluates with an extensive literature review, how to develop a holistic framework to address the shortfalls of existing models.
(R)Evolutionary Emergency Planning
Authors: Lock Mary Beth , Fansler Craig , Webb Meghan
Published: June 2018

This article discusses how a library can revise its existing Emergency, Disaster and Continuity of Operations plans, through the utilization of an ongoing review cycle, new dissemination techniques, and expanded training protocols. While reviews of existing emergency plans typically happen in response to actual emergencies, flipping that scenario by conducting ongoing reviews with a small, dedicated committee will expand preparedness. The paper identifies important steps to follow in revising emergency plans and discusses incorporating e-book and short form formats to enhance training and documentation.
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management in the Caribbean
Authors: Eudoxie Gaius , Roopnarine Ronald
Published: June 2018

Caribbean countries share unique features such as small size, geographical location, limited natural resources, low economic status aligned with ambitious developmental agendas, all of which influences their vulnerability to natural disasters. Agriculture and tourism are the main economic drivers for Caribbean states. Notably, both these sectors are highly prone to natural disasters. Other sectors including forestry, biodiversity, coastal resources and inland water resources are also susceptible to climatic hazards. The eroding natural resource base aligned to these sectors demands appropriate management. Risk assessment is integral in planning and preparing for natural hazards. Several methods have been used in the Caribbean with varying success. Two successful examples are the Land Degradation Assessment (LADA) conducted in Grenada and the Landslide Mapping in Trinidad. The LADA project geospatially quantified the extent of land degradation and presented data in support of natural resource management. The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) was a milestone establishment for regional disaster management. Introduction and implementation of the Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) strategy transformed disaster management from simply response and recovery, to include preparedness, prevention and mitigation. This approach included the appointment of national focal points in all participating countries, a feature that aimed to build and improve communication channels. Whilst mostly positive, the present approach has also showcased limitations to long term sustainability. Most islands lack effective governance structures with a dedicated budget to disaster management and where available, activities are centrally operated. Improving social resilience through community engagement is seen as critical to the success of CDM. Social media has also been shown to add real value to networking and communication in disaster management.
Reliable Communication Network for Emergency Response and Disaster Management in Underground Mines
Authors: Kamruzzaman S. M. , Fernando Xavier , Jaseemuddin Muhammad , Farjow Wisam
Published: June 2018

Emergency response and disaster management in underground mines are very challenging due to the hostile nature. Environment monitoring in mines has been an obligatory requirement to ensure safe working conditions for miners. Reliable communication network is essential to quickly detect the underground condition especially in emergency situation and to conduct proper rescue operations. This chapter presents an overview of reliable communication network needed for emergency response and disaster management in underground mines. The chapter begins by introducing the most common accidents occurring in the mining, underground mine environment and channel properties. Subsequently, communications in underground mines, existing underground communication and tracking systems, and disaster forecasting & mine safety management are discussed. The chapter also covers post-disaster mine communications & tracking systems and optimized backbone networks for underground mines. Finally, the chapter concludes by reporting relevant research at Ryerson Communications Lab and pointing out some open issues and possible research directions.
Disaster Management and Continuity Planning in Libraries
Authors: Hamilton Rebecca , Brown Diane
Published: June 2018

Since the year 2000 libraries' concepts of disaster management, contingency planning and the role of libraries in a major disruptive event have changed dramatically. Libraries have gone from an emphasis on protecting and restoring collections and facilities to an emphasis on service continuity. Although broadband adoption nationwide remains disproportionate at best, the advent and widespread use of the Internet and e-government mean that libraries have become the centers of communication for their communities in a crisis. This chapter will demonstrate the essential role of libraries before, during and after a disaster, both short term and long term and how to get a seat at the table with community planners by demonstrating the functions that are critical to recovery. In order to fulfill this community role, a library first needs to be prepared with its own business continuity plan.
Communication Process of Disaster Management
Authors: Ahmed Ashir
Published: June 2018

The importance of effective and timely communication is critical in disaster management life cycle. With the proliferation of communication and web technologies, the challenge has now shifted from the availability of information to the efficient handling of the sheer amount of information available online. This has attracted researchers and practitioners to find ways which can facilitate individuals and organizations in their decision making while dealing with large amounts of online data. This chapter presents (1) the evolution of web technologies from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0, (2) the overview of communications tasks involved in disaster management, and (3) the literature survey on the pros and cons of Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 in disaster management. By comparing the role of Web 2.0 with Web 3.0, the chapter also attempts to explore how the communication tasks of disaster management could be improved using Web 3.0. It is anticipated that the findings of this chapter will assist the decision makers to use Web 3.0 as a strategic tool for effective communication in disaster management.
Microblogging During the European Floods 2013
Authors: Reuter Christian , Schröter Julian
Published: June 2018

Social media is becoming more and more important in crisis management. However its analysis by emergency services still bears unaddressed challenges and the majority of studies focus on the use of social media in the USA. In this paper German tweets of the European Flood 2013 are therefore captured and analyzed using descriptive statistics, qualitative data coding, and computational algorithms. The authors' work illustrates that this event provided sufficient German traffic and geo-locations as well as enough original data (not derivative). However, up-to-date Named Entity Recognizer (NER) with German classifier could not recognize German rivers and highways satisfactorily. Furthermore the authors' analysis revealed pragmatic (linguistic) barriers resulting from irony, wordplay, and ambiguity, as well as in retweet-behavior. To ease the analysis of data they suggest a retweet ratio, which is illustrated to be higher with important tweets and may help selecting tweets for mining. The authors argue that existing software has to be adapted and improved for German language characteristics, also to detect markedness, seriousness and truth.
WiPo for SAR
Authors: Rastrick Karyn , Stahl Florian , Vossen Gottfried , Dillon Stuart
Published: June 2018

WiPo (Web in your pocket) is a prototypical mobile information provisioning concept that can offer potential benefits to a range of situations where data sources are vast, dynamic and unvalidated and where continuous Internet connectivity cannot be assured. One such case is that of search and rescue (SAR), a unique case of emergency management characterized by the need for high-quality, accurate and time-sensitive information. This paper reports on empirical research undertaken to explore the potential for a real-world application of a mobile service such as WiPo which is based on the delivery of highly curated, multi-source data made available offline. Adopting an interpretive interview-based approach, the authors evaluate the potential usefulness of WiPo for search and rescue incidents in New Zealand. Upon learning of the core functionality of WiPo and the alignment of that with the typical search and rescue situation, study participants were unanimously positive about its potential for improving search and rescue management and outcomes.
Environmental Policies for Emergency Management and Public Safety
Authors: Ayeni Amidu Owolabi
Published: June 2018

Policy refers to the commitment of people or organization to the laws, regulations, and other green mechanisms concerning environmental issues. Community participation has become important in government, policy makers, and environmentalists over last few decades, and as a result, it is now an established principle as it is widely used not only in academic literature but in policy-making documents, international discussions, as well as in local debates when considering issues dealing with decision-making to achieve sustainable development. Implementation of green policy and community participation programs through representatives—organization, groups of individuals—enhances the benefits of polices and program and adds value to policy as well as making the policy's results and responses more effective and stronger.
Libraries to the Rescue
Authors: Mabe Michael R.
Published: June 2018

Emergency management professionals over the years have realized that preplanning and coordination is essential when mounting an effective reaction to a natural disaster. During Hurricane Katrina, professionals learned that preplanning and preparation must include a plan for responding to the unexpected. Chesterfield County, VA learned this lesson in 2011 during Hurricane Irene when unexpected events required adjusting the plan. The amount of damage caused by Irene was minimal compared to Katrina but the impact of responding to unexpected needs was just as compelling. During Irene and other natural disasters that followed the Chesterfield County Public (CCPL) became a key component in meeting unexpected needs mass care and communications. CCPL can now serve as an information hub, double as a daytime relief shelter and participate in mass feeding if necessary during emergency situations. Selected library branches are also be used as overnight relief shelters when the activation of a standard sized shelter facility is not warranted.
Responding to High-Volume Water Disasters in the Research Library Context
Authors: Baker Whitney
Published: June 2018

The University of Kansas (KU) Libraries comprise seven physical campus spaces with a total volume count of over 4.4 million volumes. The Libraries' Conservation Services Department manages a Collections Emergency Response Team (CERT), with representation across the library system. This chapter describes how, in the summer of 2012, the CERT's preparation was put to the test when extreme drought conditions in the region led to a water main break that inundated the campus art and architecture library. Over 17,000 volumes were vacuum-freeze-dried by a commercial vendor, and an additional 26,000 dry volumes moved from the space, which was rebuilt from the ground up. Lessons learned from that disaster were applied to a smaller, yet still significant, mechanical failure the following summer in the science and social science library, which wetted around 4,500 volumes and led to another contract with a commercial vendor. Insights learned from these experiences are shared in the following chapter.
A Recent Systematic Review on Simulation Modeling and Emergency Departments
Authors: Oueida Soraia , Kadry Seifedine , Char Pierre Abi
Published: June 2018

Healthcare, being a complex and huge system, suffers from low quality of care delivered to arriving patients. The quality of care depends on the patient's condition and the availability of hospital's resources. Therefore, many authors have studied the problems faced by such systems and emphasized in their articles the importance of a system review for better performance. In healthcare, different departments interact with each other in order to deliver a certain service to arriving patients and provide the recommended care. In particular, the emergency department (ED) is proven to be the busiest unit of the hospital; thus, the exiting problems and recommended solutions are highlighted in this study by a literature systematic review. The main goal of this article is to study the problems that EDs face nowadays and how simulation modeling can interfere in order to alleviate these problems, propose corresponding solutions and increase patient satisfaction.
Tourism and Crisis
Authors: Taylor Faye
Published: June 2018

Numerous researchers have highlighted a relative lack of academic attention directly addressing the influence of political economy on achieving sustainability in post-disaster reconstruction (Klein, 2008; Hystad and Keller, 2008; Olsen, 2000; Faulkner, 2001; Glaesser, 2003; Ritchie, 2004). This chapter therefore extends existing academic debates and studies in a number of areas, drawing upon the context of Thailand in the post-Asian tsunami era. In existing academic debates concerning the political economy of post-disaster reconstruction there is a trend towards disaster capitalism (Klein, 2005; Harvey, 2007; Saltman, 2007a). However, this did not occur on Phi Phi. Despite claims of a ‘clean slate' being offered by the tsunami in developmental terms (Pleumarom, 2004; UNDP, 2005; Dodds, 2011; Ko, 2005; Nwankwo and Richardson, 1994; Rice, 2005; Altman, 2005; Brix, 2007; Ghobarah et al., 2006; Dodds et al., 2010), this chapter provides explanation of why this did not and would never exist on Phi Phi, a finding that may be applied to other destinations in a post-disaster context.
Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility and Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Radovic Vesela Milorad
Published: June 2018

Numerous risks in global community represent significant risk for the future sustainable development. Serbia is exposed to various risks and international help is sometimes needed. This paper presents limitations of Serbian emergency services, business community, as well as insurance and reinsurance market, in the process of reducing environmental risks in disaster. Serbian environment is vulnerable because of irresponsible behavior of some parts of industry sector. They do not apply the concept of corporate social responsibility in a greater scope. Analysis of the data presented in the paper show that there is a lot of room for improvement despite some positive changes in business community and recent efforts in the process of disaster risk reduction. In Serbia there is obvious need for adaptation of the widest contemporary concept of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility perspective: CSR 2.0. This concept will contribute to increasing of organizational competitiveness and more adequate response of stakeholders to disaster.
About Emergency Managers and Their Tools
Authors: Nikolai Cynthia Marie , Treboniak Chelsea , Heller Page , Madey Greg
Published: June 2018

This paper presents findings emerging from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Innovation Corps (I-Corps) program. The aim of I-Corps is to aid in transitioning academic research into commercialized technology. Through this program, the authors developed and tested hypotheses in search of a sustainable and scalable business model for a potential future company. An element of the rigorous I-Corps curriculum included 133 interviews with emergency manager practitioners from around the country to determine the root of their immediate problems. The unbiased feedback from the industry professionals determined the outcome of our hypotheses, while validating our proposed business model.
Disaster Management in Digital Libraries
Authors: Ifijeh Goodluck , Idiegbeyan-Ose Jerome , Segun-Adeniran Chidi , Ilogho Julie
Published: June 2018

The role of digital libraries in information generation,organization, dissemination and storage cannot be overemphasized. This article articulates the importance of digital libraries and the need to preserve them from disasters. It highlights the causes and effects of disasters in digital libraries. Prevention and management of disasters were also discussed. Issues and challenges around information and communication technology (ICT), that has direct bearings on digital libraries and disaster management in developing countries were raised. In addition, recommendations were made on how to improve on disaster prevention and control.
Benefits From Using Bitcoin
Authors: Schmidt Rainer , Möhring Michael , Glück Daniel , Haerting Ralf , Keller Barbara , Reichstein Christopher
Published: June 2018

Bitcoin is the most successful approach for establishing a currency outside of state supervision and government institutions. Besides, Bitcoin is very controversial discussed. Therefore, a further investigation of different aspects of the benefit of using Bitcoin should be realized in order to identify some core aspects of the digital currency Bitcoin. In this context, the study described in the following achievements is done. It shows that there exist key aspects, like dissemination as well as safety, which are important impact factors on users' benefit of using a digital currency like Bitcoin. In addition, it also gives implications for a further development of the topic and aspects for future research.
A Survey of Research in Real-Money Trading (RMT) in Virtual World
Authors: Nazir Mohamed , Man Lui Carrie Siu
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a set of data relating to the investigation of RMT in the virtual world (VW) and social capital associated with RMT platforms. The investigation is carried out using five main research databases: Science Direct; Emerald Insight; Springer Link; Proquest Database; and IEEE Xplore; with a total of 161 research papers. The objective of this survey study is to highlight areas of strength and weakness in current RMT research in VW and its social capital. This study also presents the basic RMT classification based on these previous studies.
Cybercrimes via Virtual Currencies in International Business
Authors: Atli Dincer
Published: June 2018

This chapter is willing to shed some light on virtual currencies (VCs) and cybercrimes in International Business. In recent years, Cybercrime is a major concern for the global community. Besides, virtual currency (VC) has made a transformational impact on purchasing habits on a global scale. The advantages VC provides and the difficulty to control it cause the problem of the possibility of committing cybercrimes in the virtual environment. The freedom of VCs provides and the difficulties in controlling it facilitate the realization of crimes like money laundering and finance of terrorism in the virtual environment. Our research demonstrates the structural and legal status of VCs, the different regulations in various countries and the cybercrimes committed via VCs.
A Novel Security Framework for Managing Android Permissions Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ouaguid Abdellah , Abghour Noreddine , Ouzzif Mohammed
Published: June 2018

This article presents a new framework named ANDROSCANREG (Android Permissions Scan Registry) that allows to extract and analyze the requested permissions in an Android application via a decentralized and distributed system. This framework is based on the emerging technology Blockchain whose potential is approved in the matter of transparency, reliability, security and availability without resorting to a central processing unit judged of trust. ANDROSCANREG consists of two Blockchains, the first one (PERMBC) will handle analysis, validation and preparation of the raw results so that they will persist in the second Blockchain of Bitcoin already existing (BTCBC), which will assume the role of a Registry of recovered permissions and will save the permissions history of each version of the applications being scanned via financial transactions, whose wallet source, recipient wallet and transaction value have a precise meaning. An example of a simulation will be presented to describe the different steps, actors, interactions and messages generated by the different entity of ANDROSCANREG.
Ransomware
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep
Published: June 2018

Compared to the last five to six years, the massive scale by which innocent users are being subjected to a new age threat in form of digital extortion has never been seen before. With the rise of Internet, use of personal computers and devices has mushroomed to immense scale, with cyber criminals subjecting innocent users to extortion using malware. The primary victim to be hit the most has been online banking, impacting the security and reputation of banking and financial transactions along with social interactions. Online security revolves around three critical aspects – starting with the use of digital data and files, next with the use of computer systems and finally the internet as an unsecure medium. This is where Ransomware has become one of the most malicious form of malware for digital extortion threats to home and corporate user alike.