bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WSMOTER: a novel approach for imbalanced regression
Authors: Camacho Luís , Bacao Fernando
Published: June 2024

Although the imbalanced learning problem is best known in the context of classification tasks, it also affects other areas of learning algorithms, such as regression. For regression, the problem is characterized by the existence of a continuous target variable domain and the need for models capable of making accurate predictions about rare events. Furthermore, such rare events with a real-value target are often the ones with greater interest in having models that can predict them. In this paper, we propose the novel approach WSMOTER (Weighting SMOTE for Regression) to tackle the imbalanced regression problem, which, according to the experimental work we present, outperforms currently available solutions to the problem.
Hunting and Fishing CEOs: Environmental Plunderers or Saviors?
Authors: Covington Thomas , Swidler Steve , Yost Keven
Published: June 2024

CEOs who participate in hunting and fishing benefit by appreciating natural environments and permanently consuming natural resources. We examine whether CEOs who hunt and fish make different environmental decisions and find that firms led by CEOs who obtain the most hunting and fishing licenses have lower environmental performance as measured by MSCI-KLD. This effect is strongest in the environmental category of climate change but also extends to pollution, waste, and the protection of natural capital. Furthermore, firms led by CEOs with the most hunting and fishing licenses are significantly more likely to pay a regulatory settlement for an environmental regulatory infraction.
Finding orientations of supersingular elliptic curves and quaternion orders
Authors: Arpin Sarah , Clements James , Dartois Pierrick , Eriksen Jonathan Komada , Kutas Péter , Wesolowski Benjamin
Published: June 2024

An oriented supersingular elliptic curve is a curve which is enhanced with the information of an endomorphism. Computing the full endomorphism ring of a supersingular elliptic curve is a known hard problem, so one might consider how hard it is to find one such orientation. We prove that access to an oracle which tells if an elliptic curve is $$\mathfrak {O}$$
O
-orientable for a fixed imaginary quadratic order $$\mathfrak {O}$$
O
provides non-trivial information towards computing an endomorphism corresponding to the $$\mathfrak {O}$$
O
-orientation. We provide explicit algorithms and in-depth complexity analysis. We also consider the question in terms of quaternion algebras. We provide algorithms which compute an embedding of a fixed imaginary quadratic order into a maximal order of the quaternion algebra ramified at p and $$\infty $$
∞
. We provide code implementations in Sagemath (in Stein et al. Sage Mathematics Software (Version 10.0), The Sage Development Team, http://www.sagemath.org, 2023) which is efficient for finding embeddings of imaginary quadratic orders of discriminants up to O(p), even for cryptographically sized p.
Technology and pronouns: disrupting the ‘Natural Attitude about Gender’
Authors: Behrensen Maren
Published: June 2024

I consider how video conferencing platforms have changed practices of pronoun sharing, how this development fits into recent philosophical work on conceptual and social disruption, and how it might be an effective tool to disrupt the ‘natural attitude about gender’.
Cattle logic and capital logic: the recalcitrance of transhumance in the establishment of private grazing lands in North West Nigeria
Authors: Oladele O. I. , Yakubu Danlami , Oladele O. J.
Published: June 2024

Livelihoods associated with transhumance cattle production are increasingly decimated and threatened by serious loss of human lives due to increasing competition for resources as driven by cattle logic and capital logic, thus the plan and drive for livestock transformation have been subjected to the recalcitrance of transhumance in Nigeria. This study examined cattle farmers’ willingness and attitude towards the establishment of private grazing lands in Sokoto State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 457 cattle farmers from 10 Local Government Areas of Sokoto State, from which data were collected through a structured questionnaire and subjected to frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation, Probit regression, and Principal component analysis. The results revealed that cattle farmers have unfavorable attitudes and are unwilling to establish private grazing lands. The determinants of cattle farmers’ willingness and attitude to the establishment of grazing lands overlap and include age (t = 1.97; p < 0.05); marital status (t = -11.35; p < 0.05); educational level (t = -2.73; p < 0.05); credit amount (t = -44.56; p < 0.05); source of credit (t = -5.01; p < 0.05); herd composition (t = -2.20; p < 0.05); attitude (t = 8.82; p < 0.05) and constraints (t = 1.97; p < 0.05). The Principal Component Analysis extracted factors are Factor 1 (Resource utilization), Factor 2 (Environment concerns), Factor 3 (practice suitability), and Factor 4 (cattle productivity) and accounted for 21.59%, 6.93%, 6.20%, 5.35% of the variance respectively; with a cumulative 40.06% variance. These results affirm Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity with a value of X2 = 1991.43, p = 0.00, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy of 0.835. It is recommended that a clear distinction of logic for curtailing transhumance which is responsible for farmer-herder conflicts be established and limitations of cattle movements defined within their immediate surroundings.
The potential of zebrafish as drug discovery research tool in immune-mediated inflammatory disease
Authors: Smith Carine
Published: June 2024

Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) prevalence is estimated at 3–7% for Westernised populations, with annual incidence reported at almost 1 in 100 people globally. More recently, drug discovery approaches have been evolving towards more targeted therapies with an improved long-term safety profile, while the requirement for individualisation of medicine in complex conditions such as IMIDs, is acknowledged. However, existing preclinical models—such as cellular and in vivo mammalian models—are not ideal for modern drug discovery model requirements, such as real-time in vivo visualisation of drug effects, logistically feasible safety assessment over the course of a lifetime, or dynamic assessment of physiological changes during disease development. Zebrafish share high homology with humans in terms of proteins and disease-causing genes, with high conservation of physiological processes at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular level. These and other unique attributes, such as high fecundity, relative transparency and ease of genetic manipulation, positions zebrafish as the next major role player in IMID drug discovery. This review provides a brief overview of the suitability of this organism as model for human inflammatory disease and summarises the range of approaches used in zebrafish-based drug discovery research. Strengths and limitations of zebrafish as model organism, as well as important considerations in research study design, are discussed. Finally, under-utilised avenues for investigation in the IMID context are highlighted.
Concurrent ciliary body detachment in patients presenting with serous choroidal detachment following glaucoma surgery
Authors: Barayev Edward , Gal-Or Orly , Gershoni Assaf , Hadayer Amir , Barash David , Bahar Irit , Geffen Noa , Zahavi Alon
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To examine the rate of ciliary body detachment in patients with choroidal detachment following glaucoma surgery and its effect on the clinical course, management, and prognosis.

Methods

A prospective observational case-series study. Patients with choroidal detachment following glaucoma surgery in 2018–2019 were included. All underwent complete ophthalmological examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy for evaluation of the presence and extent of ciliary body detachment. Follow-up examinations including ultrasound biomicroscopy scans were performed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results

Eight patients (8 eyes) were enrolled, 4 male and 4 female, of mean age 72 years (range 60–83). Five patients underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (0.02%), which was combined with phacoemulsification cataract extraction in one; two underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantations, and one underwent ab-interno Xen45 gel stent implantation with mitomycin C (0.02%). The mean intraocular pressure was 26.0 ± 7.65 mmHg preoperatively, dropping to 6.9 ± 2.64 mmHg on first postoperative day one. Mean time from surgery to diagnosis of choroidal detachment was 11.6 ± 5.73 days. Ciliary body detachment was identified by ultrasound biomicroscopy in all patients, ranging between one and four quadrants. All patients were treated with topical steroids and cycloplegics; three (37.5%) received oral steroids. No surgical intervention for the choroidal or ciliary body detachments was indicated.

Conclusions

In this real-world prospective study, concurrent ciliary body detachment was identified in all patients who presented with choroidal detachment following glaucoma surgery. This observation may deepen our understanding of the mechanism underlying the hypotony that is often seen after glaucoma surgery.
Microbiology of acute bacterial dacryocystitis: a tertiary institutional experience in South Australia
Authors: Gowda Akash , Tong Jessica Y. , Selva Dinesh
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To provide a comprehensive microbiological profile of bacterial dacryocystitis in South Australia. By identifying the specific microorganism and antibiotic susceptibility, this study intends to aid ophthalmologists in choosing appropriate empirical antibiotic therapies and development of evidence-based clinical guidelines.

Method

A retrospective study was conducted at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) over five years (2018–2023) of patients with acute dacryocystitis. The study included 43 patients, and data encompassed demographic information, clinical presentation, microbiological analysis, management, and outcomes. Patients with chronic dacryocystitis were excluded.

Results

Among the 43 patients included in the study (female 28 (65%), mean age: 64 years old), the most common clinical features were pain (74%) and swelling (70%). Organisms were identified in 49% of patients, with the predominant bacteria being Staphylococcus aureus (42%), Streptococcus species (19%), and Escherichia coli (8%). Aggregatibacter species (8%), Morganella morganii (4%), Enterobacter cloaceae (4%), Hafnia alvei (4%), mixed anaerobes (4%), E coliforms (4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%) were also identified. The most frequently prescribed empirical antibiotics were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (50%), flucloxacillin (33%) and cefalexin (18%).

Conclusion

The microbiological trends of acute dacryocystitis have largely remained consistent, with a predominance of Gram positive organisms. This is the most recent profile analysis of acute dacryocystitis in South Australia and will help form evidence-based clinical guidelines.
DSC and FTIR study on the interaction between pentacyclic triterpenoid lupeol and DPPC membrane
Authors: Altunayar-Unsalan Cisem
Published: June 2024

Natural products are a great resource for physiologically active substances. It is widely recognized that a major percentage of current medications are derived from natural compounds or their synthetic analogues. Triterpenoids are widespread in nature and can prevent cancer formation and progression. Despite considerable interest in these triterpenoids, their interactions with lipid bilayers still need to be thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to examine the interactions of lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, with model membranes composed of 1,2‑dipalmitoyl‑sn‑glycerol‑3‑phosphocholine (DPPC) by using non-invasive techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The DSC study demonstrated that the incorporation of lupeol into DPPC membranes shifts the Lβ′-to-Pβ′ and Pβ′-to-Lα phase transitions toward lower values, and a loss of main phase transition cooperativity is observed. The FTIR spectra indicated that the increasing concentration (10 mol%) of lupeol causes an increase in the molecular packing and membrane fluidity. In addition, it is found that lupeol’s OH group preferentially interacts with the head group region of the DPPC lipid bilayer. These findings provide detailed information on the effect of lupeol on the DPPC head group and the conformation and dynamics of the hydrophobic chains. In conclusion, the effect of lupeol on the structural features of the DPPC membrane, specifically phase transition and lipid packing, has implications for understanding its biological function and its applications in biotechnology and medicine.
A statistical boundary for 3D rarefied flows through meshes: implementation to a new version of dsmcFoam+ and wind tunnel validation
Authors: Staszak Tristan
Published: June 2024

The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method has become a standard tool for rarefied aerodynamics and microchannel flows. However, the performance benefits of DSMC, such as adaptive grid sizes and number of particles, are constrained by the need to resolve small geometric details of mesh applications within relatively large simulation volumes. The requirement for a sufficient number of particles in even the smallest cells imposes a significant computational burden. A novel set of cyclic statistical boundary conditions is proposed to address the computational bottleneck associated with simulating micrometre-scale structures prevalent in atmospheric and space research under rarefied flow conditions. These conditions account for the geometric parameters of a geometric mesh and the angular dependency of impacting particles, aiming to alleviate the computational challenges posed by conventional approaches. Validation against wind tunnel measurements demonstrates excellent agreement for one of the implemented boundaries, able to simulate fine meshes for conditions of rocket soundings in the Mesosphere. The newly developed boundary conditions are implemented within the advanced DSMC solver, dsmcFoam+ framework. For this study, the solver is ported from OpenFOAM® version 2.4.0 to the OpenFOAM® version v2306 to leverage recent code developments, particularly in dynamic meshes, load balancing, and barycentric particle tracking. This advancement enhances the capabilities of DSMC simulations, offering improved fidelity and accuracy in capturing rarefied flow phenomena.
Structural and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 nanocrystals thin film
Authors: Kişnişci Zeynep , Özel Faruk , Tuğluoğlu Nihat , Yüksel Ömer Faruk
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we analyzed the structural and optical properties of quaternary semiconductor Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film. For this purpose, the structural properties of CZTSe thin film were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CZTSe nanocrystals (NCs) were formed in the kesterite phase and with good crystallinity. Optical characterization of thin film was investigated using spectroscopic measurements. Optical parameters of CZTSe film coated using the spin coating technique were determined by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, and dielectric constant of the thin film were calculated using transmittance and reflectance data. Moreover, dispersion parameters such as oscillator energy, and dispersion energy were obtained by the Wemple DiDomenico model. For CZTSe film in the visible wavelength region, the transmission has values of 70–75%. The thin film of CZTSe has a direct band gap of 1.4 eV which is suitable for absorbed layer for solar cell.
Specialized metabolites of the genus Zephyranthes Herb.: a critical review on taxonomy and phytochemistry
Authors: Šafratová Marcela , Vrabec Rudolf , Blunden Gerald , Cahlíková Lucie , Křoustková Jana
Published: June 2024

This article is a critical review of the taxonomy and phytochemistry of the genus Zephyranthes Herb., a group of plants known for their beautiful flowers and traditional medicinal uses. The present review summarizes the occurrence, isolation, and identification of specialized metabolites, which have recently been frequently studied because of their important biological activities. Among the accepted 203 species, only 27 have been phytochemically investigated. This paper provides an overview of the different types of specialized metabolites identified in these plants and considers problematic taxonomic evolution within this species. The differences between two internationally recognized databases, which classify only 41% of the species in the same way, are briefly summarized. In addition, there are many reports on their metabolites, especially alkaloids, but some of the data in the literature are occasionally inaccurate and sometimes even erroneous. This critical review aims to discuss, summarize, and evaluate up-to-date (up to July of 2023) information about metabolites of the genus Zephyranthes, focusing on phytochemistry and taxonomy.

Graphical abstract
Formal subtext analysis (FSA) in narrative interviewing
Authors: Ignatyev Yuriy , Klimczak Peter , Endres Ralph , Heinze Martin
Published: June 2024

In the framework of the plot theory of the Russian-Estonian semiotician Juri Lotman, a text is only considered narrative and eventful if it contains “…a fact which takes place, though it need not have taken place”. In this respect, Lotman models the event on the basis of description and prescription. This approach can be seen as a functional method for reconstructing the subtext. In previous studies, Lotman's event was considered a contradiction using predicate logical statements that do not allow error-free formal conclusions. However, the correct conclusions could be deduced based on deontic remodeling and its extension to the modal model of the possible worlds. In this way, the subtext of narrative texts could be formally deductible and the interpretation calculable. The aim of our study was to demonstrate this reformulation of Lotman’s event model and to discuss its application as an extension of Qualitative Comparative Analysis of narrative texts from qualitative interviews, one of the basic methods of data collection employed in qualitative research. The proposed model, named formal subtext analysis is illustrated by analyzing a narrative interview with a doctor from a German mental health clinic.
Estimating the elasticity of substitution when compiling the CES cost of living index on scanner data
Authors: Białek Jacek , Pawelec Natalia , Roszkowska Sylwia
Published: June 2024

Scanner data are electronic transaction data that specify turnover and the number of items sold by barcodes, e.g., the Global Trade Article Number. These data are of particular value and interest to theorists and practitioners who wish to measure the Cost of Living Index or the Consumer Price Index, since their complete content makes it possible to compute any price index formula, including superlative indices or CES (Constant Elasticity Substitution) indices. Since the CES index requires the estimation of the elasticity of substitution, this paper focuses on verifying various methods of estimating this parameter based on scanner data. The paper considers both algebraic methods and methods based on the panel regression approach. The main achievement of the paper is the separation of the main factors that affect the estimated value of the elasticity of substitution, i.e., the type of data filter used and the level of data aggregation. The paper also verifies how the elasticity of substitution estimates affect the differences between the values of the CES indices based on these estimates.
Carving teleology at its joints
Authors: Beni Majid D. , Friston Karl
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the conceptualisation and measurement of goal-directedness. Drawing inspiration from Ernst Mayr’s demarcation between multiple meanings of teleology, we propose a refined approach that delineates different kinds of teleology/teleonomy based on the temporal depth of generative models of self-organising systems that evince free energy minimisation.
LCA applied to comparative environmental evaluation of aggregate production from recycled waste materials and virgin sources
Authors: Linares Rafael , López-Uceda Antonio , Piccinali Andrea , Martínez-Ruedas Cristina , Galvín Adela P.
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, all productive sectors, including the construction industry, are facing the challenge of reducing their environmental impact. To achieve this objective, numerous actions are being carried out to access greater levels of environmental and economic sustainability. Techniques as Life Cycle Assessment contribute to quantifying environmental impacts, promoting a circular economy in a sector that consumes a high volume of resources, materials, and energy while generating large amounts of gaseous, liquid, or solid emissions. The present study aims to deepen our understanding of aspects that demonstrate the benefits of using RA instead of natural aggregates. This study not only quantifies the environmental impact but also explores the effects of potential improvements in the productive system and their impact on reducing environmental harm. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology is applied to quantify and compare the environmental impacts generated in the production of a ton of mixed recycled aggregates (MRA) from construction and demolition wastes, based on the data provided by plant managers. This is compared to the environmental impacts generated in the production of one ton of natural aggregates extracted from a quarry. The results revealed that the production of mixed recycled aggregate is more environmentally beneficial, confirming a reduction of 70.66% in environmental impacts during the production of recycled aggregates, in comparison to the natural aggregates extraction. Furthermore, the economic analysis demonstrates the economic advantage since the cost of producing recycled aggregates is over 30% cheaper than natural aggregates, being more competitive even when the transportation distances from the plant to the work sites exceed those of natural aggregates.

Graphical Abstract
Energy from waste biomass: an LCA study on a biofuel cell at early design stage
Authors: Rossi Eleonora , Cespi Daniele , Maggiore Irene , Setti Leonardo , Passarini Fabrizio
Published: June 2024

Diversifying energy sources and managing waste biomass are two pressing contemporary issues. The new technology proposed in this study aims to address both by converting waste biomass into energy and fertilizer through the use of a biofuel cell (BFC). The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental impacts associated with this innovative technology through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). To achieve the goal, the production and use of the cell were modelled, considering both laboratory-scale operations and industrial-scale approximations. The study explored alternative scenarios, such as sensitivity analyses involving different acids and bases, renewable energy sources, and heat recovery. Comparisons with conventional biomass waste treatments (anaerobic digestion and composting) demonstrated that the BFC technology remains competitive. To further improve the BFC’s environmental footprint, efforts should focus on reducing energy requirements and enhancing nutrient recovery during scale-up. These insights are crucial for advancing sustainable waste treatment technologies and maximizing the potential of discarded biomass in an environmentally friendly manner.
Safety of propofol sedation administered by interventional radiologists for radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kimura Shintaro , Sone Miyuki , Sugawara Shunsuke , Itou Chihiro , Ozawa Mizuki , Sato Tetsufumi , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Arai Yasuaki , Kusumoto Masahiko
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the safety of propofol sedation administered by interventional radiologists during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and methods

Propofol sedation was administered by interventional radiologists in 72 patients (85 procedures, 93 tumors) during RFA for HCC between August 2018 and December 2020. Interventional radiologists equipped with adequate knowledge and skills in sedation and respiratory management were responsible for sedation. Sedation was carefully assessed based on vital signs, including end-tidal carbon dioxide, consciousness status, and bispectral index. The primary endpoint was the incidence of sedation-related complications, which were evaluated separately as respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Secondary endpoints were technical success rate, ablation-related complications, and local tumor control rate. Technical success was defined as completion of ablation in the planned area. Complications were evaluated using the Clavien–Dindo classification. Sedation-related complications, technical success rate, and ablation-related complications were evaluated on a procedure basis, and local tumor control was evaluated on a tumor basis.

Results

Respiratory and cardiovascular complications were observed in eight (8/85, 9.4%) and two (2/85, 2.4%) patients, respectively. Four patients required the jaw thrust maneuver due to glossoptosis, whereas a decrease in oxygen saturation to < 90% was recorded in the other four patients. However, these were temporary, and none required manual ventilation or endotracheal intubation. Bradycardia (< 50 bpm) was detected in two patients; one recovered immediately without treatment, whereas the other rapidly improved after atropine sulfate administration. No severe hypotension (< 80 mmHg) was observed. The technical success rate was 100% (85/85). Grade 3 ablation-related complications were identified in three patients (3/85, 3.5%). The local tumor control rate was 95.7% (89/93).

Conclusion

Propofol sedation can be safely administered by interventional radiologists during RFA for HCC. Although it requires special safety considerations, it may be a sedation option during hepatic RFA.
Assessing the impact of climate change on dissolved oxygen using a flow field ecosystem model that takes into account the anaerobic and aerobic environment of bottom sediments
Authors: Koue Jinichi
Published: June 2024

This study examines the potential impacts of climate change on Lake Biwa, Japan’s largest freshwater lake, with a focus on temperature, wind speed, and precipitation variations. Leveraging data from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, including CCP scenarios, projecting a significant temperature rise of 3.3–5.7 °C in the case of very high GHG emission power, the research investigates how these shifts may influence dissolved oxygen levels in Lake Biwa. Through a one-dimensional model incorporating sediment redox reactions, various scenarios where air temperature and wind speed are changed are simulated. It is revealed that a 5 °C increase in air temperature leads to decreasing 1–2 mg/L of dissolved oxygen concentrations from the surface layer to the bottom layer, while a decrease in air temperature tends to elevate 1–3 mg/L of oxygen levels. Moreover, doubling wind speed enhances surface layer oxygen but diminishes it in deeper layers due to increased mixing. Seasonal variations in wind effects are noted, with significant surface layer oxygen increases from 0.4 to 0.8 mg/L during summer to autumn, increases from 0.4 to 0.8 mg/L in autumn to winter due to intensified vertical mixing. This phenomenon impacts the lake’s oxygen cycle year-round. In contrast, precipitation changes show limited impact on oxygen levels, suggesting minor influence compared to other meteorological factors. The study suggests the necessity of comprehensive three-dimensional models that account for lake-specific and geographical factors for accurate predictions of future water conditions. A holistic approach integrating nutrient levels, water temperature, and river inflow is deemed essential for sustainable management of Lake Biwa’s water resources, particularly in addressing precipitation variations.
Usefulness of DXA-based bone strain index in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bonaccorsi Gloria , Sciavicco Guido , Rinaudo Luca , Brigato Andrea , Fiorella Giuliana , Carnevale Aldo , Ulivieri Fabio Massimo , Messina Carmelo
Published: June 2024

Summary

Bone Strain Index (BSI) is a new dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based index. We retrospectively evaluated data from 153 postmenopausal women with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lumbar spine and femoral Bone Strain Index (BSI) were sensitive to skeletal impairment in postmenopausal women suffering from T2DM.

Purpose

Bone Strain Index (BSI) is a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based measurement. We evaluated the performance of BSI in predicting the presence of fragility fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postmenopausal women.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated data from a case–control study of 153 postmenopausal women with a history of at least 5 years of T2DM (age from 40 to 90 years). For each subject, we assessed the personal or familiar history of previous fragility fractures and menopause age, and we collected data about bone mineral density (BMD), BSI, and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) measurements. Statistical analysis was performed having as outcome the history of fragility fractures.

Results

Out of a total of 153 subjects, n = 22 (14.4%) presented at least one major fragility fracture. A negative correlation was found between lumbar BSI and lumbar BMD (r =  − 0.49, p < 0.001) and between total femur BSI and total femur BMD (r =  − 0.49, p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between femoral neck BSI and femoral neck BMD (r =  − 0.22, p < 0.001). Most DXA-based variables were individually able to discriminate between fractured and non-fractured subjects (p < 0.05), and lumbar BSI was the index with the most relative difference between the two populations, followed by femoral BSI.

Conclusion

Lumbar spine and femoral BSI are sensitive to skeletal impairment in postmenopausal women suffering from T2DM. The use of BSI in conjunction with BMD and TBS can improve fracture risk assessment.
Simulations of Texture Evolution in the Near-Surface Region During Aluminum Rolling
Authors: Cantergiani Elisa , Riedel Michael , Karhausen Kai F. , Roters Franz , Quadfasel Angela , Falkinger Georg , Engler Olaf , Rabindran Rajeevan
Published: June 2024

Prediction of texture changes during cold rolling is important because they affect the recrystallization and anisotropy of an aluminum sheet during successive forming steps. During cold rolling of aluminum alloys, the through-thickness textural change in the subsurface layer depends heavily on the shear stresses exerted on the material. The intensity of this shear stress is determined by the value of and change in the coefficient of friction as the contact length between the rolls and metallic sheet changes. The quality of the texture prediction under constant and variable coefficients of friction are assessed for three established texture models: the grain interaction (GIA) model, the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) approach, and the full-field crystal plasticity Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK) code. The simulation results are compared with subsurface layer textures obtained from conducting experimental cold-rolling trials on an aluminum alloy, which are designed to maximize shear in a single rolling pass. The formulation of a variable coefficient of friction is crucial for ensuring both the reasonable prediction of rolling forces and changes in texture. GIA and DAMASK yield the best texture prediction results for a variable coefficient of friction model.
A Review: Structural Shape and Stress Control Techniques and their Applications
Authors: Manguri Ahmed , Saeed Najmadeen , Jankowski Robert
Published: June 2024

This review article presents prior studies on controlling shape and stress in flexible structures. The study offers a comprehensive survey of literature concerning the adjustment and regulation of shape, stress, or both in structures and emphasizes such control’s importance. The control of systems is classified into three primary classes: nodal movement control, axial force control, and controlling the two classes concurrently. Each class is thoroughly assessed, showcasing diverse methods anticipated by various scholars. Furthermore, the paper discusses methods to reduce the number of devices (actuators) to adjust and optimize actuators’ placement to achieve optimal structural control, considering the cost implications of numerous actuators. Additionally, various actuators are presented in detail, their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Moreover, the applications of the presented techniques are reviewed in detail, the essential recommendations for future work are also suggested.
Prognostic significance of necrosis in ampullary carcinomas
Authors: Akar Kadriye Ebru , Bagci Pelin
Published: June 2024

Background/aims

Necrosis is an important pathological feature that reflects high malignancy potential in tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of necrosis in ampullary carcinomas.

Materials and methods

We reviewed 101 consecutive cases of ampullary carcinoma for tumor necrosis, types of necrosis, macroscopic and microscopic histopathological subtypes, lymphatic-vascular-perineural invasions, and other histopathological parameters.

Results

Tumor necrosis was present in 19 (18.8%) cases and was identified as an independent poor prognostic indicator in multivariate survival analysis (p = 0.029).

Conclusion

The presence of necrosis in ampullary carcinomas is directly related to vascular and perineural invasion and is a poor prognostic indicator independent of tumor stage. Including the presence of necrosis in the pathology reports of ampullary carcinomas will facilitate risk stratification.
Augmenting the Quality and Shelf Life of Ras Cheese by Adding Microencapsulated Allspice Berry Extract Nanoemulsion
Authors: El-Sayed Samah M. , Kholif Adel M. M. , El-Sayed Hoda S. , Youssef Ahmed M.
Published: June 2024

The current study was achieved to increase phenolic compounds and antioxidant content in Ras cheese by microencapsulation of the nanoemulsion of extract from the berries of allspice. The microencapsulation of the extract nanoemulsion from the berries of allspice using maltodextrin, whey protein concentrate, and guar gum was prepared by a freeze-drying process. The extract was cured, and nanoemulsion forms were prepared and evaluated for the antimicrobial effect and phenolic compound content. The morphology of microcapsules was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The prepared microcapsules were added to Ras cheese using ratios (1, 2, and 3% (w/w)) and then stored for 120 days for ripening and examined chemically, microbiologically, and organoleptically. The results indicated that the allspice extract in both forms has shown an inhibitory effect on all microorganisms. Moreover, the major phenol compound in allspice berry extract was gallic acid with quantities of 15,991 µg/g. Furthermore, the microcapsule efficiency was recorded at 80.97% and spherical with a diameter of 380 µm, while the nanoemulsion of extract as the core has a size of around 320 nm. The total lactic acid bacteria counts in all samples gradually declined during the ripening period. The mold and yeast count was not detected in fresh cheeses and appeared for cheese control more than in cheese with the extract. Cheese control and treatments contained lower titratable acidity, total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, and ash ratio than the other cheese with extract treatments. The total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) were increased through the storage period in all cheese treatments. Correspondingly, Ras cheese acceptability for sensory evaluation increased during the ripening periods in all treatments, whereas cheese supplemented with 1% microcapsules ranked the highest score for flavor and body and texture during storage gaining a high accepted point of 93.62.
In-vehicle nudging for increased Adaptive Cruise Control use: a field study
Authors: Gustavsson Pär , Ljung Aust Mikael
Published: June 2024

Close following to lead vehicles is associated with increased risk of rear-end crashes in road traffic. One way to reduce instances of close following is through increased use of the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which is designed to adjust vehicle speed to maintain a safe time headway. Since the activation of ACC is driver-initiated, there is a need to influence the propensity of drivers to use the function. This research aimed to explore whether in-vehicle nudging interventions could be effective for this purpose. A field trial was conducted to consecutively assess the effects of two nudges on drivers’ utilization of ACC, compared to baseline usage. Exposing the participants (n = 49) to the first ambient design nudge resulted in a 46% increase in ACC usage on average. Following the introduction of the second nudge (a competitive leaderboard nudge), the average increase among participants (n = 48) during the complete treatment period reached 61%. The changes in ACC utilization varied between individual drivers, highlighting the need to monitor behavioral outcomes of nudges and adapt them when needed. In conclusion, this research shows that utilizing in-vehicle nudging is a promising approach to increase the use of vehicle functions contributing to improved traffic safety.
The role of LOXL2 in tumor progression, immune response and cellular senescence: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Ye Chen , Jiang Sihan , Zeng Tanlun , He Shaohui , Cao Jinjin , Xiao Jianru
Published: June 2024

LOXL2, an enzyme belonging to the LOX family, facilitates the cross-linking of extracellular matrix (ECM) elements. However, the roles of the LOXL2 gene in mechanisms of oncogenesis and tumor development have not been clearly defined. In this pan-cancer study, we examined the notable disparity in LOXL2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels among various cancer types and elucidated its interconnected roles in tumor progression, mutational profile, immune response, and cellular senescence. Apart from investigating the hyperexpression of LOXL2 being related to poorer prognosis in different types of tumors, this study also unveiled noteworthy connections between LOXL2 and genetic mutations, infiltration of tumor immune cells, and genes in immune checkpoint pathways. Further analysis revealed the participation of LOXL2 in multiple pathways related to cancer extracellular matrix remodeling and cellular senescence. Moreover, our investigation uncovered that the knockdown and inhibition of LOXL2 significantly attenuated the proliferation and migration of PC-9 and HCC-LM3 cells. The knock-down and inhibition of LOXL2 enhanced cellular senescence in lung and liver cancer cells, as confirmed by SA-β-Gal staining and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights on the functions of LOXL2 in different types of cancer and its role in regulating the senescence of cancer cells.
On groups associated with the affine subgroups of $$Sp_{2n}(2)$$
Authors: Musyoka D. M. , Prins A. L. , Njuguna L. N. , Chikamai L.
Published: June 2024

The symplectic group $$Sp_{2n}(2)$$

S

p

2
n

(
2
)

has an affine maximal subgroup of structure $$ASp_n=2^{2n-1}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)$$

A
S

p
n

=

2

2
n
-
1

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

which is a split extension of an elementary abelian 2-group $$N=2^{2n-1}$$

N
=

2

2
n
-
1

by $$G=Sp_{2n-2}(2)$$

G
=
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

. The vector space $$N=2^{2n-1}$$

N
=

2

2
n
-
1

and its dual $$N^{*}$$

N

∗

are not equivalent as $$2n-1$$

2
n
-
1

dimensional G-modules over GF(2). Therefore, a split extension of the form $$\overline{G}_n=N^{*}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)\ncong N{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)$$

G
¯

n

=

N

∗

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

≇
N
:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

exists. In this paper, it will be shown that $$\overline{G}_n\cong \text {Aut}(2^{2n-2}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2))= \left( 2^{2n-2}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)\right) {:} 2$$

G
¯

n

≅
Aut

(

2

2
n
-
2

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

)

=

2

2
n
-
2

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

:
2

for $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. Moreover, the ordinary irreducible characters of $$\overline{G}_n$$

G
¯

n

are studied through the lens of Fischer-Clifford theory. As an example, the Fischer-Clifford matrix technique is used to construct the set Irr$$(\overline{G}_5)$$

(

G
¯

5

)

of the group $$\overline{G}_5=2^9{:}Sp_{8}(2)$$

G
¯

5

=

2
9

:
S

p
8

(
2
)

which is associated with the affine subgroup $$ASp_5=2^9{:}Sp_{8}(2)$$

A
S

p
5

=

2
9

:
S

p
8

(
2
)

of $$Sp_{10}(2)$$

S

p
10

(
2
)

.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole dosing and outcomes of pulmonary nocardiosis
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Khodadadi Ryan B. , Chesdachai Supavit , McHugh Jack W. , Clement Josh , Challener Douglas W. , Wengenack Nancy L. , Bosch Wendelyn , Seville Maria Teresa , Beam Elena
Published: June 2024

Background

Nocardia often causes pulmonary infection among those with chronic pulmonary disease or immunocompromising conditions. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is recommended as first-line treatment, though little data exists regarding outcomes of different dosing regimens.

Methods

We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult patients with non-disseminated pulmonary nocardiosis initially treated with TMP-SMX monotherapy. Patients’ initial TMP-SMX dosing was categorized as high- (> 10 mg/kg/day), intermediate- (5–10 mg/kg/day) or low-dose (< 5 mg/kg/day). Outcomes included one-year mortality, post-treatment recurrence, and dose adjustment or early discontinuation of TMP-SMX. SMX serum concentrations and their effect on management were also assessed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to Cox regression analyses.

Results

Ninety-one patients were included with 24 (26.4%), 37 (40.7%), and 30 (33.0%) treated with high-, intermediate-, and low-dose TMP-SMX, respectively. Patients who initially received low-dose (HR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.68) and intermediate-dose TMP-SMX (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.07–1.04) had lower risk of one-year mortality than the high-dose group. Risk of recurrence was similar between groups. Nineteen patients had peak SMX serum concentrations measured which resulted in 7 (36.8%) dose changes and was not associated with one-year mortality or recurrence. However, 66.7% of the high-dose group required TMP-SMX dose adjustment/discontinuation compared to 24.3% of the intermediate-dose and 26.7% of the low-dose groups (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Low- and intermediate-dose TMP-SMX for non-disseminated pulmonary nocardiosis were not associated with poor outcomes compared to high-dose therapy, which had a higher rate of dose adjustment/early discontinuation. Historically used high-dose TMP-SMX may not be necessary for management of isolated pulmonary nocardiosis.
The Incidence and Propensity of Head Acceleration Events in a Season of Men’s and Women’s English Elite-Level Club Rugby Union Matches
Authors: Allan David , Tooby James , Starling Lindsay , Tucker Ross , Falvey Éanna , Salmon Danielle , Brown James , Hudson Sam , Stokes Keith , Jones Ben , Kemp Simon , O’Halloran Patrick , Cross Matt , Tierney Gregory
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To describe and compare the incidence and propensity of head acceleration events (HAEs) using instrumented mouthguards (iMG) by playing position in a season of English elite-level men’s and women’s rugby union matches.

Methods

iMG data were collected for 255 men and 133 women from 1,865 and 807 player-matches, respectively, and synchronised to video-coded match footage. Head peak resultant linear acceleration (PLA) and peak resultant angular acceleration (PAA) were extracted from each HAE. Mean incidence and propensity values were calculated across different recording thresholds for forwards and backs in addition to positional groups (front row, second row, back row, half backs, centres, back three) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated. Significance was determined based on 95% CI not overlapping across recording thresholds.

Results

For both men and women, HAE incidence was twice as high for forwards than backs across the majority of recording thresholds. HAE incidence and propensity were significantly lower in the women’s game compared to the men’s game. Back-row and front-row players had the highest incidence across all HAE thresholds for men’s forwards, while women’s forward positional groups and men’s and women’s back positional groups were similar. Tackles and carries exhibited a greater propensity to result in HAE for forward positional groups and the back three in the men’s game, and back row in the women’s game.

Conclusion

These data offer valuable benchmark and comparative data for future research, HAE mitigation strategies, and management of HAE exposure in elite rugby players. Positional-specific differences in HAE incidence and propensity should be considered in future mitigation strategies.
qPCR assay optimisation for a clinical study comparing oral health risk in Rett syndrome
Authors: Lai Y. Y. L. , Downs J. , Leishman S. , Leonard H. M. , Walsh L. J. , Zafar S.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to validate qPCR assays for specific microbiota, for use on dental plaque samples stored on Whatman FTA cards to compare relative oral health risk in Rett syndrome.

Methods

Supragingival dental plaque samples were collected, using a sterile swab, (COPAN FLOQswab™) swabbed onto Whatman FTA™ cards. DNA extraction was performed using a modified Powersoil™ protocol. Where published assays were unsuitable, species-specific qPCR assays for caries-associated, gingivitis-associated and oral-health-associated bacteria were designed using multiple sequence alignment, Primer3Plus and PrimerQuest. Assays were run using absolute quantification. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated, and PCR products verified by Sanger sequencing.

Results

Most assays allowed detection using real-time qPCR with high specificity on samples collected on FTA cards. Several assays showed low or even single gene copy numbers on the test samples.

Conclusion

Assays were optimised for detection and evaluation of oral health risk in dental plaque samples stored on FTA cards when cold storage is not feasible, except for F. nucleatum. Several assays showed gene copy numbers less than the LOQ or outside the range of the standard curve, so there is merit in optimising these assays using digital droplet PCR.
Duality for Poincaré series of surfaces and delta invariant of curves
Authors: Cogolludo-Agustín José Ignacio , László Tamás , Martín-Morales Jorge , Némethi András
Published: June 2024

In this article we study the delta invariant of reduced curve germs via topological techniques. We describe an explicit connection between the delta invariant of a curve embedded in a rational singularity and the topological Poincaré series of the ambient surface. This connection is established by using another formula expressing the delta invariant as ‘periodic constants’ of the Poincaré series associated with the abstract curve and a ‘twisted’ duality developed for the Poincaré series of the ambient space.