bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐carbon power system operation with disperse carbon capture‐transportation‐utilization chain
Authors: Song Zhenzi , Wang Xiuli , Zhao Tianyang , Hesamzadeh Mohammad Reza , Qian Tao , Huang Jing , Li Xin
Published: May 2024

The carbon capture‐transportation‐utilization (C‐CTU) chain strengthens the coupling between terminal energy consumption and renewable energy resources (RES), achieving carbon emission reduction in power generation sectors. However, the dynamic operation of the C‐CTU chain and the uncertainties induced by RES output pose new challenges for the low‐carbon operation. To address above challenges, the nonlinear dynamic operation model of C‐CTU chain is first proposed in this study. It is further incorporated into the day‐ahead operation scheme of the electricity‐carbon integrated system considering the stochastic nature of wind power. This scheme is treated as a two‐stage stochastic integer programming (TS‐SIP) problem with a mixed‐integer nonlinear recourse. By means of the polyhedral envelope‐based linearization method, this recourse is reformulated into its linear counterpart. To further improve the computational performance of classical decomposition algorithms, a novel Benders decomposition framework with hybrid cutting plane strategies is proposed to obtain better feasible solutions within a limited time. Simulations are conducted on two power system test cases with the C‐CTU chain. Numerical results indicate that the engagement of C‐CTU chain promotes the low‐carbon economic operation of the power system. Also, the proposed decomposition algorithm shows a superior solution capability to handle large‐scale TS‐SIP than state‐of‐the‐art commercial solvers.
Fast prediction of temperature distributions in oil natural air natural transformers using proper orthogonal decomposition reduced‐order data‐driven modelling
Authors: Lan Haijuan , Tang Wenhu , Gong Jiahao , Zhang Zeyi , Xu Xiongwen
Published: May 2024

In response to the time‐consuming computational fluid dynamics simulations faced in naturally convective oil‐immersed transformers, which result from complex models and a high degree of freedom, an innovative reduced‐order digital twin prediction model for transformer temperature fields is proposed. This model facilitates fast predictions of transient temperature distributions. Initially, a comprehensive full‐order finite element model of transformer temperature distributions is established. Subsequently, a hybrid approach, combining proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)‐Galerkin and data‐driven techniques, is proposed to create a reduced‐order model (ROM). In this model, a Fourier number is utilised as a criterion to select POD training snapshot sets. Subsequently, the dynamic predictive capability of the proposed model under changing operational conditions is validated. Finally, the ROM is employed for fast predictions of temperature field, and its computational errors and time efficiency are compared across diverse operating conditions with full‐order models. The research findings confirm the precision, timeliness, and dynamic nature of the reduced‐order prediction model, offering a substantial improvement in prediction efficiency and capabilities, all while preserving the accuracy of the digital twin model.
Probabilistic and progressive deblended far-infrared and sub-millimetre point source catalogues
Authors: Wang Lingyu , La Marca Antonio , Gao Fangyou , Pearson William J. , Margalef-Bentabol Berta , Béthermin Matthieu , Bing Longji , Donnellan James , Hurley Peter D. , Oliver Seb J. , Hale Catherine L. , Jarvis Matt J. , Marchetti Lucia , Vaccari Mattia , Whittam Imogen H.
Published: May 2024

Context.Single-dish far-infrared (far-IR) and sub-millimetre (sub-mm) point source catalogues and their connections with galaxy catalogues at other wavelengths are of paramount importance to studying galaxy evolution. However, due to the large mismatch in spatial resolution, cross-matching galaxies detected at different wavelengths is not straightforward.

Aims.This work aims to develop the next-generation deblended far-IR and sub-mm catalogues in deep extragalactic survey fields, by extracting photometry at the positions of known sources. We present the first application of our methodology in the COSMOS field.

Methods.Our progressive deblending used the Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC)-based Bayesian probabilistic framework known as XID+. The deblending process started from theSpitzer/MIPS 24 μm data, using an initial prior list composed of sources selected from the COSMOS2020 catalogue and radio catalogues from the VLA and the MeerKAT surveys, based on spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling which predicts fluxes of the known sources at the deblending wavelength. To speed up flux prediction, we made use of a neural network-based emulator. After deblending the 24 μm data, we proceeded to theHerschelPACS (100 and 160 μm) and SPIRE wavebands (250, 350 and 500 μm). Each time we constructed a tailor-made prior list based on the predicted fluxes of the known sources, taking into account the deblended photometry from the previous steps.

Results.Using simulated far-IR and sub-mm sky, we detailed the performance of our deblending pipeline. After validation with simulations, we then deblended the real observations from 24 to 500 μm and compared with blindly extracted catalogues and previous versions of deblended catalogues. As an additional test, we deblended the SCUBA-2 850 μm map and compared our deblended fluxes with ALMA measurements, demonstrating a higher level of flux accuracy compared to previous results. We publicly release our XID+ deblended point source catalogues, including best estimates and posterior probability distribution functions. These deblended long-wavelength data, which are cross-matched with multi-band photometry by construction, are crucial for studies such as deriving the fraction of dust-obscured star formation and better separation of quiescent galaxies from dusty star-forming galaxies.
Analysis of Key Genes, Signaling Pathways, and Regulatory Networks Associated with Brain Aging based on Gene Transcriptome
Authors: Zhou Ziyan
Published: May 2024

The brain is a vital organ that governs human behavior, volition, and emotions, with brain cells serving as the fundamental structures for these activities. Research has proven that brain aging is a significant contributing factor to the decline in cognitive functions such as learning, memory, reasoning, and executive functions in older individuals. Furthermore, a series of biochemical changes resulting from cell aging are often reported as early indicators of pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases. In an attempt to identify the key signaling pathways and core regulatory genes involved in the course of cell aging, this study deeply mined RNA-array data and RNA-seq data associated with brain aging. Firstly, differentially expressed genes highly expressed in a significant way in older individuals in comparison to younger individuals were identified, followed by enrichment analysis of signaling pathways to identify critical pathways. Subsequently, regulatory networks were analyzed on the differentially expressed genes, and finally, drug target prediction was performed for the core genes. The analysis revealed that four signaling pathways, i.e., antigen processing and presentation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Bcell receptor signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway, are closely associated with brain aging, and 20 core regulatory genes were identified, including RHOA, FYN, INSR, FOXA2, HOXA10, among others. These genes play a role in such processes as inducing cell apoptosis, regulating cell growth, and inducing inflammation. Currently, the research on brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases is not comprehensive, and there are still many puzzles yet to be solved. The findings of this study provide new research insights and directions for exploring new breakthroughs in research and understanding of brain aging.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Paenibacillus-Derived Exopolysaccharides in Colorectal Cancer: A Cellular and Inflammatory Perspective
Authors: Luo Xingchen
Published: May 2024

This study seeks to explore the possibility of discovering a novel therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer. The exopolysaccharide (EPS-J12) from Paenibacillus spp. PYQ-J12 was used as the experimental subject. Caco-2 cells were used to simulate impaired intestinal epithelial cells, and TNF-α was used to cause inflammation of the cells, which was expected to investigate the reparative functions of EPS on inflamed, damaged Caco-2 cells and its influence on the expression levels of different inflammatory factors. Cell viability was used as an indicator to evaluate the reparative effects of the polysaccharide. The expression levels of different cytokines, including Interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, and Interleukin 12A (IL-12A), were tested. The findings indicated that EPS has a certain repair effect on inflammatory damage and can cause a reduction in the expression levels of inflammatory factors, thereby controlling inflammation. Therefore, it has the potential to become a new therapeutic option.
Study on the technology of sterilization water for injection in celine bottle
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Ji Ye
Published: May 2024

Manufacturers of penicillin bottled sterile injection water often encounter the problem of increased pH of the produced sterile injection water. The qualified range of pH for sterile injection water specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is 5.0 to 7.0, while the actual results of stability testing for penicillin bottled sterile injection water in the near term are often close to the upper limit. This article mainly explores the production process of sterilized injection water in penicillin bottles. The penicillin bottles are pretreated under different conditions, and then sterilized injection water is filled. The effect of pretreatment of penicillin bottles on the pH value and conductivity of sterilized injection water is investigated. After sterilization with a 121 °C water bath for 45 minutes, the pH value and conductivity of the sterilized injection water can be reduced, and the stability is good. After processing the penicillin bottles, the injection water is packaged and sterilized. The production process is stable, the product quality meets the requirements, and the long-term and accelerated stability is good.
Study on the Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer with Multiple Pathway
Authors: Zhou Junheng
Published: May 2024

Despite advances in treatment options, colorectal cancer (CRC) still has one of the highest mortalities rates. CRC remains difficult to treat due to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways such as the Notch pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway and the TGF-β pathway. For the Notch pathway, the activation of Notch pathway inhibits the proliferation of intestinal epithelium and promotes tumor cells invasiveness and metastatic in final. The Wnt pathway controls the expression of downstream protein following the alteration of β-catenin and plays an imperative role in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) self-renewal and cell proliferation without entering differentiation phase. The TGF-β pathway associates with CRC tumor initiation, development and metastasis and played a dichotomous role at different stages of CRC carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of these three signaling pathways while separately discussing the interaction mechanisms of the corresponding small molecule drug inhibitors with them.
Research of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Li Zetian
Published: May 2024

Pancreatic cancer has a low incidence but remains one of the deadliest cancers, and its complex microenvironment is easy to coordinate metabolic changes and allow tumor cells to properly escape immunity. This article focuses on the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, the current common immunotherapy methods and the state of clinical immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and its outlook in the future. This article not only reviews the microenvironmental mechanisms studied by scientists, but also goes into more detail about recent developments in immunotechnology that have expanded our knowledge of how complex pancreatic cancer is. It is hoped that through the review of this article, readers can have a more detailed understanding of pancreatic cancer, which will help improve the survival rate of this too low disease through mechanism studies and clinical trials in the future.
Systematic investigation of aging-related molecular factors
Authors: Yang Huiwen M.
Published: May 2024

Aging is an irreversible process that negatively impacts vitality and health. Investigation of aging on a molecular level in vertebrates revealed key regulatory genetic pathways. However, previous studies have been focused on one pathway. Moreover, the functions of small molecules taken from diet were almost neglected. Thus, current knowledge about aging lacks comprehensiveness, and most aging-related factors remain unknown. In addition, the inter- and intra- regulations of different pathways were still unclear. In this paper, we summarized regulatory pathways of aging on a molecular level, such as insulin/insulin-like growth factors signaling (IIS), target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway and telomerase-related pathways. In summary, reduced IIS and TOR signaling are anti-aging. However, in the case of telomer, which was previously shown to be associated with aging, the underlying mechanism was not well understood. Hence, we proposed design of experiments for deconvolution. Furthermore, we investigated the diet dependency of aging at a molecular level, such as how it relates to fasting, carbohydrate, and fat. Plus, we searched for biological techniques that can be used for the discovery of new aging-related pathways and the inter-/intra regulation between known genetic pathways. Our paper provided insights into the unbiased systematic investigation of aging.
The change of SPAD value and the establishment of correlation model of lettuce in intercropping mode
Authors: Wang Linlin , Song Tingting , Du Yuejiao , Zheng Que , Zou Guangyu
Published: May 2024

In order to find out the change rule of SPAD value in lettuce leaves and the rapid, non-destructive and more accurate detection method of chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves under intercropping mode, the effect of intercropping on SPAD value in lettuce leaves was studied and the correlation model between chlorophyll content and SPAD value was established. The results show that the SPAD value of lettuce leaves increases at first and then decreases slowly with the development of the days of aerosol culture, and intercropping has obvious advantage in the middle and late stages of aerosol culture. At the same time, the results show that the regression equations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content with SPAD value are best fitted by power equation, exponential equation and power equation respectively, and the coefficients of determination are 0.8302,0.6719 and 0.8503 respectively. The models are verified. It is found that the predicted value and the measured value of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content have a good correlation, and there is no significant difference, which shows that the regression models have a good prediction effect on chlorophyll content. The results provide a theoretical basis for the effect of intercropping on SPAD value of lettuce leaves and provide a reference method for rapid, nondestructive and more accurate detection of chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves.
The Impact and Benefits of Digital Health Management Systems on Chronic Disease Management
Authors: Li Zhe
Published: May 2024

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the application of digital health management systems in chronic disease management, revealing how they promote proactive, personalized, and scientific management models. This system achieves precise assessment of patients' health conditions through real-time monitoring and data analysis, effectively preventing and timely intervening in chronic diseases. Additionally, it optimizes the allocation of healthcare resources, reduces medical costs, and significantly improves patients' quality of life. In practical cases worldwide, this system has demonstrated significant effectiveness, accelerating the transformation of chronic disease prevention and control management models. Therefore, the promotion of digital health management systems is of great significance, not only improving the management of chronic diseases but also making important contributions to the modernization and efficiency enhancement of the entire healthcare sector.
Adaptability and Strategy of Ant Society: Analysis of Cooperation and Defense Behavior
Authors: Ji Yijia
Published: May 2024

The behavior and ecology of social insects have always been one of the important directions of biological research. Ants are typical true social insects. Through the study of their social behavior, we can not only reveal the adaptability and strategy of social insects, but also provide enlightenment for the interaction between human society and nature. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding the complex interactions and underlying mechanisms that govern the adaptability and strategic behaviors of ant societies, particularly in the context of rapidly changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic influences. Therefore, this paper deeply studies the adaptability and strategy of ant society, focusing on its cooperation and defense behavior. This paper first outlines the unique position of social insects in ecosystems, and then discusses in detail the social structure of ants, including the roles of soldiers, workers and queens. In terms of internal cooperation behavior, the tacit cooperation between ant individuals, as well as the care of larvae and the maintenance of nests were analyzed. In terms of external defense mechanisms, it highlights the diversity strategies of ant society against external threats. This comprehensive study provides a new perspective for understanding the behavior and ecological characteristics of social insects. By examining the adaptability and strategic behaviors of ant societies through a comprehensive lens, this study provides critical insights into the mechanisms of social cohesion and resilience in insect colonies, which have important implications for the broader field of biological research.
Application of modern instrumental analysis to the determination of starch structure and properties
Authors: Wang Ziwen
Published: May 2024

Starch as a common natural polymer carbohydrate, widely sourced and green renewable, is a cheap biomass material, has been widely used in food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing and petroleum exploration and other fields.In the process of modernization in China, with the development of China's economy and science and technology, people's demand for functional food, nutritional food and health food is increasing, more and more biomass materials are used in the preparation of functional materials and polymer materials, and the development and application of starch has attracted much attention.In the process of starch research and application, the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other detection methods, the characterization of starch has become an important means.
A Study on the Association between Lifestyle, Psychological State, and Diabetes Mellitus among Chinese Elderly
Authors: Liang Zhen-Ying , Qin Bo , Cheng Chen , Zou Tao
Published: May 2024

This study is based on the questionnaire data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to analyze the association between lifestyle, psychological status, and the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among Chinese adults aged 60 and above. A total of 9,695 participants were included in the study. Variance analysis, binary logistic regression, negative binomial regression and random forest were employed to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors (gender, highest level of education, marital status), lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep), and depression on diabetes, as well as the mediating role of depression. The results indicate that both lifestyle factors and depression have varying degrees of influence on diabetes. Additionally, the highest level of education and marital status are associated with diabetes through their effects on depression.
Exploring the inhibitory effects of glutamic acid on melanin production: Mechanistic insights and molecular docking analysis
Authors: Zhong Lin , He Qi , Chen Fangfang , Wu Hongtan , Chen Yu-Pei
Published: May 2024

Glutamic acid is widely recognized as safe and has various applications in the medical and food industries. This study demonstrated its significant inhibition of tyrosinase, acting as a mixed-type inhibitor according to enzymatic kinetic analysis. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis and investigation of tyrosinase activity under different pH confirmed that glutamic acid induced changes in the protein structure of tyrosinase, leading to its reduced activity through acidification and binding effects. Additionally, glutamic acid was found to inhibit L-DOPA auto-oxidation, thereby preventing further formation of dopachrome. The IC50 values for glutamic acid inhibiting tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA auto-oxidation were detected to be 4.69 mM and 0.72 mM, respectively. Glutamic acid had a better inhibitory effect on L-DOPA autooxidation than tyrosinase activity. The L-DOPA auto-oxidation process can also lead to the formation of melanin, and its inhibition by glutamic acid further supported its potential in controlling melanin synthesis. Moreover, glutamic acid demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in melanin production in B16 cells while maintaining cell viability. Western blot analysis revealed decreased protein expression of TYR and TRP-1, both of which are involved in melanin production, with increasing concentrations of glutamic acid. Molecular docking analysis suggested a potential mechanism involving the disruption of copper binding sites on tyrosinase. These findings underscore the potential of glutamic acid as a promising agent for controlling melanin production and associated disorders.
Les circuits synthétiques de gènes fonctionnant en boucle fermée
Authors: Giraudot Clélia , Alazard-Dany Nathalie , Lambert Véronique
Published: May 2024

Les progrès récents de la biologie synthétique ont ouvert la voie à de nouvelles thérapies fondées sur des cellules rendues aptes à produire de manière autonome des substrats afin de traiter des maladies chroniques. Ces cellules modifiées intègrent un ensemble de gènes fonctionnant en circuit synthétique à boucle fermée, qui permettent de délivrer un effecteur thérapeutique en réponse à un signal pathologique déterminé. Bien que prometteuses chez la souris, ces thérapies font face à des obstacles cliniques liés à leur sûreté et à leur implémentation in vivo. Les dernières générations de circuits synthétiques cherchent à résoudre ces problèmes grâce à des stratégies de bioingénierie avancées, que nous présentons dans cet article.
Difference in the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity relative to the proximal tibial fragment between opening wedge and closed wedge high tibial osteotomies
Authors: Kikuchi Kentaro , Kumagai Ken , Yamada Shunsuke , Nejima Shuntaro , Choe Hyonmin , Ike Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Naomi , Inaba Yutaka
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the anterior-posterior (AP) displacement of the tibial tuberosity (TT) and to assess the difference between closed wedge and opening wedge high tibial osteotomies (OWHTO and CWHTO). Methods: One hundred consecutive knees with osteoarthritis that underwent OWHTO (50 knees) or CWHTO (50 knees) were investigated retrospectively. The femorotibial angle (FTA) was measured on AP radiographs of the knee. AP displacement of the TT, posterior tibial slope (PTS), the modified Blackburne-Peel index (mBPI), and the modified Caton-Deschamps index (mCDI) were measured on lateral radiographs of the knee. Results: Patients had a mean correction angle of 12.58 ± 2.84° and 18.98 ± 5.14° (P < 0.001), with a mean AP displacement of TT of 0.84 ± 2.66 mm and 7.78 ± 3.41 mm (P < 0.001) in OWHTO and CWHTO, respectively. The AP displacement of the TT per correction of 1° was significantly greater in CWHTO than in OWHTO (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the correction angle and AP displacement of the TT in CWHTO (r = −0.523, P < 0.001), but not in OWHTO. The change of PTS per correction of 1° was significantly greater in OWHTO than in CWHTO (P < 0.001). The changes of mBPI and mCDI per correction of 1° were significantly greater in CWHTO than in OWHTO (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: There was greater anterior displacement of the TT in CWHTO than in OWHTO, which was correlated with the correction angle. The results suggested that CWHTO would be better than OWHTO when a concomitant anteriorization of TT is required.
Pre-operative planning for reverse shoulder arthroplasty in low-resource centres: A modified Delphi study in South Africa
Authors: Rachuene Pududu Archie , Dey Roopam , Kauta Ntambue Jimmy , Sivarasu Sudesh , du Plessis Jean-Pierre , Roche Stephen , Vrettos Basil
Published: May 2024

Background: Pre-operative planning for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) poses challenges, particularly when dealing with glenoid bone loss. This modified Delphi study aimed to assess expert consensus on RSA planning processes and rationale, specifically targeting low-resourced institutions. Our objective was to offer pre-operative decision-making algorithms tailored for surgeons practising in resource-constrained hospitals with limited access to computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: A working group generated statements on pre-operative imaging and glenoid of glenoid morphology and intra-operative decision-making. The study was conducted in three stages, with virtual consensus meetings in between. Stages 2 and 3 consisted only of closed questions/statements. The statements with over 70% were considered consensus achieved and those with less than 10% were considered disagreement consensus achieved. Results: Twelve shoulder surgeons participated, with 67% having over five years of experience in shoulder arthroplasty. In the absence of glenoid bone loss, the sole use of plain radiographs for pre-operative planning reached consensus and is recommended by these groups, while 100% advise using CT scans when bone loss is present. Most surgeons (70%) recommend using patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) in cases of structural bone loss. Most of the statements on intra-operative decision-making related to component placement and enhancing stability failed to reach consensus. Conclusion: While consensus was achieved on most aspects of pre-operative imaging and planning, technical aspects of surgery lacked consensus. Planning for patients with structural glenoid bone loss necessitates CT scans and planning tools.
Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns, and Cost Analysis of Immune Thrombocytopenia in Spain between 2014 and 2020: A Population-based Study
Authors: González-López Tomás J. , Alperovich Gabriela , Burillo Elena , Espejo-Saavedra Soler Marta , Rebollo-Gómez Elena , Hernández Ignacio , Justicia Jose L. , Lozano María L.
Published: May 2024

Background Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterised by low platelet counts and often leads to bleeding, fatigue, and reduced health-related quality of life.

Methods This observational, retrospective, population-based study using BIG-PAC® database included Spanish paediatric and adult patients with primary ITP diagnosed in primary care and hospitals between 2014 and 2020 (median follow-up: 4 years). Epidemiology, baseline/clinical characteristics, treatment trends, healthcare resources and costs were analysed.

Results The BIG-PAC® database contains records of 1,818,588 patients; 170 adults and 27 children with ITP were included in our analysis. ITP prevalence and annual incidence per 100,000 were estimated in 10.8 (2.8 in chronic ITP [cITP] patients) and 1.5 (0.3 in cITP patients), respectively. Epistaxis was the most common bleeding event, followed by genitourinary and gastrointestinal bleeding; >50%/> 75% of ITP/cITP patients reported fatigue. Chronic patients had lower platelet counts at baseline and required more transfusions. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and thrombopoietin receptor agonists were the most used agents in first-, second- and third-line treatment, respectively. Thirty-five patients, all of them in chronic phase, underwent splenectomy. Patients had on average 13.9, 6.6, and 1.2 visits/year to primary care, haematology/internal medicine, and emergency departments, respectively. More than one-fourth of adult patients took on average 16.3 days of sick leave annually. Mean annual total health care costs were €10,741 (ITP patients) and €19,809 (cITP patients).

Conclusion This is the first study to provide an overall perspective on the situation of the Spanish ITP population in terms of epidemiology, treatment trends, health care resources and costs, highlighting unmet patient needs, and direct and indirect costs/resource use between 2014 and 2020.
Impact of Dehydrated Anchovy Powder on the Growth and Nutritional Well-Being of the Human Undernourished Population: Assessing Bioavailability and Nutritional Effectiveness through In Vivo Experimental Models
Authors: Pradeep Akshay , Remadevi Gopika , Padmaprakashan Amruth , Mannuthy Rosemol Jacob , Paul Preethy Treesa , Chalil George Joshy , Mathew Suseela
Published: May 2024

The research focuses on assessing the efficacy of dried anchovy powder as a dietary supplement, examining its bioavailability and impact on growth and nutritional status. The study, centered on Wistar male rats, acknowledges anchovies for their rich essential nutrients and potential health benefits. Employing a meticulously controlled experimental design, the research exposes experimental animals to various dietary interventions by integrating dried anchovy powder. This study investigates the availability of vital nutrients like proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals in the dried anchovy powder to Wistar male rats. The effects of dried anchovy powder on growth parameters, encompassing body weight, length, organ development, and the nutritional status of the rats, are explored. Examining hematological and biochemical markers provide insights into the overall health of the experimental subjects. Additionally, the research delves into potential mechanisms underlying the observed effects, including nutrient absorption and metabolism. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights into the potential of dried anchovy powder as a nutritional supplement and its role in enhancing the nutritional status of the malnourished people of India. These findings may have a direct impact on dietary interventions aimed at improving human nutrition and health.
Threshold voltage instability in III-nitride heterostructure metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors: Characterization and interface engineering
Authors: Huang Sen , Wang Xinhua , Yao Yixu , Deng Kexin , Yang Yang , Jiang Qimeng , Liu Xinyu , Guo Fuqiang , Shen Bo , Chen Kevin J. , Hao Yue
Published: May 2024

III-nitride heterostructure-based metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs), compared with Schottky and p-GaN gate HEMTs, have demonstrated significant potential in the next-generation high-power electronic devices due to their exceptional gate reliability. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of threshold voltage (VTH) instability in III-nitride heterostructure-based MIS-HEMTs, with a specific emphasis on the interfaces of the multi-heterostructures. Two widely studied amorphous materials, namely, Al2O3 and SiNx, have been extensively examined as primary gate insulators in GaN-based MIS-HEMTs. To efficiently remove native oxides from the (Al)GaN surface, a novel in situ high-temperature remote plasma pretreatment (RPP) technique has been developed. This technique involves sequential application of NH3/N2 plasmas on the (Al)GaN surface before depositing the gate insulators using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. The remarkable RPP process has proven to be a highly effective method for revealing atomic steps on the GaN surface, irrespective of whether the surface has undergone oxidation or etching processes. To further enhance the interface quality and potentially reduce bulk traps in the gate insulator, optimization of deposition temperature and post-deposition annealing conditions have been explored. Additionally, an electron-blocking layer, such as SiON, is incorporated into the MIS-HEMTs to prevent electron injection into bulk traps within the insulator. Novel characterization techniques including constant-capacitance and isothermal-mode deep-level transient spectroscopy have also been developed to explore the failure mechanisms in MIS-HEMTs. These techniques allow for the differentiation between bulk traps in the GaN epitaxy and those present within the gate insulators. This in-depth physical understanding provides valuable insights into the sources of failure in GaN-based MIS-HEMTs.
Two-dimensional molecular crystal Sb2O3 for electronics and optoelectronics
Authors: Yu Jing , Han Wei , Ong Ruey Jinq , Shi Jing-Wen , Suleiman Abdulsalam Aji , Liu Kailang , Ling Francis Chi-Chung
Published: May 2024

As a two-dimensional (2D) inorganic molecular van der Waals crystal, Sb2O3 has been widely recognized as an excellent dielectric and encapsulation material due to its wide bandgap, high dielectric constant (κ), and remarkably high air stability. Considering the significance and potential application of Sb2O3 in future electronic devices, it is valuable to summarize its recent advancements. In this review, we present the latest progress on 2D Sb2O3 flakes and films, encompassing synthesis methods, physical properties, and device applications. First, preparation strategies such as chemical vapor deposition, vertical physical vapor deposition, thermal evaporation deposition, liquid metal synthesis, and atomic layer deposition growth routes are highlighted. Subsequently, the mechanical properties and the phase transition mechanisms of 2D Sb2O3 are presented. Moreover, device applications, including encapsulation layer, photodetector, and gate dielectric, are demonstrated. Finally, we outline the future challenges and research priorities of 2D Sb2O3 materials.
Recurrent flow patterns as a basis for two-dimensional turbulence: Predicting statistics from structures
Authors: Page Jacob , Norgaard Peter , Brenner Michael P. , Kerswell Rich R.
Published: May 2024

A dynamical systems approach to turbulence envisions the flow as a trajectory through a high-dimensional state space [Hopf,Commun. Appl. Maths1, 303 (1948)]. The chaotic dynamics are shaped by the unstable simple invariant solutions populating the inertial manifold. The hope has been to turn this picture into a predictive framework where the statistics of the flow follow from a weighted sum of the statistics of each simple invariant solution. Two outstanding obstacles have prevented this goal from being achieved: 1) paucity of known solutions and 2) the lack of a rational theory for predicting the required weights. Here, we describe a method to substantially solve these problems, and thereby provide compelling evidence that the probability density functions (PDFs) of a fully developed turbulent flow can be reconstructed with a set of unstable periodic orbits. Our method for finding solutions uses automatic differentiation, with high-quality guesses constructed by minimizing a trajectory-dependent loss function. We use this approach to find hundreds of solutions in turbulent, two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow. Robust statistical predictions are then computed by learning weights after converting a turbulent trajectory into a Markov chain for which the states are individual solutions, and the nearest solution to a given snapshot is determined using a deep convolutional autoencoder. In this study, the PDFs of a spatiotemporally chaotic system have been successfully reproduced with a set of simple invariant states, and we provide a fascinating connection between self-sustaining dynamical processes and the more well-known statistical properties of turbulence.
A novel magnet system—which enables uniformity of radial flux density by means of a parabolic yoke—applied in the Planck-Balance
Authors: Konrad Johannes , Rothleitner Christian , Fröhlich Thomas
Published: May 2024

A uniform magnetic flux density that is effective in the movement range of the coil is essential for accurate Kibble balance experiments. By utilizing Hopkinson’s law and Kirchhoff’s circuit laws, basic formulas have been derived, providing a method to calculate the magnetic flux density distribution in the airgap of a cylindrical magnet system. A parabolic outer contour of the inner yoke has been found to be a suitable solution to achieve uniformity. Experiments show, that this approach results in a relative change of magnetic flux density in the order of

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per 8 mm movement range, using a magnet system with a mass of only 2.3 kg. Therefore, the system will be integrated into the upgraded version of PTB’s Planck-Balance—a compact variant of a Kibble balance—aiming for sub

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accuracy level determination of the geometric factor. The solution described provides a comparatively easy means to design a cylindrical magnet system, using only one permanent magnet disc, without the use of complex simulation software.
Color image encryption scheme for distributed architecture with SCFP chaotic map
Authors: Liu Yunhao , Xue Ru
Published: May 2024

Image protection mechanism in distributed cloud network is an essential component of information security field. In this paper, a novel one-dimensional sine-cosine fractional power chaotic map (SCFP) is proposed. Results of various dynamical system tests illustrate that SCFP exhibits superior chaotic behavior over its infinite positive real parameter range, whose complexity and unpredictability can guarantee the strength of image cryptosystem. Furthermore, a color image encryption scheme tailored for distributed architecture is devised. Firstly, a hybrid cryptographic mechanism is designed to perform diffusion and confusion encryption for image data and ECC public key encryption for intermediate keys. Secondly, the diffusion structure elevates processing units to row-column level, and the diffusion order is dictated by a pseudo-random sequence generated by SCFP. Thirdly, the confusion structure extends the unbiased and efficient Fisher-Yates algorithm into a 2D space, and adopts a design of dual plaintext-related key. Lastly, three techniques namely QOI lossless compression, DE information embedding and threshold secret sharing are integrated to resolve issues of data volume inflation, key synchronization difficulty and poor fault tolerance. Simulation experiments conducted on multiple color images demonstrate that the proposed scheme offers significant ciphertext randomness, sufficiently large key space and strong key sensitivity, which can ensure the integrity of image data and resist various typical cryptographic attacks, and outperforms existing schemes oriented to centralized architecture in terms of security and efficiency.
Optical nuclear electric resonance in LiNa: selective addressing of nuclear spins through pulsed lasers
Authors: Krondorfer Johannes K , Diez Matthias , Hauser Andreas W
Published: May 2024

Optical nuclear electric resonance (ONER), a recently proposed protocol for nuclear spin manipulation in atomic systems via short laser pulses with MHz repetition rate, exploits the coupling between the nuclear quadrupole moment of a suitable atom and the periodic modulations of the electric field gradient generated by an optically stimulated electronic excitation. In this theory paper, we extend the scope of ONER from atomic to molecular systems and show that molecular vibrations do not interfere with our protocol. Exploring the diatomic molecule LiNa as a first benchmark system, our investigation showcases the robustness with respect to molecular vibration, and the ability to address and manipulate each of the two nuclear spins independently, simply by adjusting the repetition rate of a pulsed laser. Our findings suggest that it might be possible to shift complicated spin manipulation tasks required for quantum computing into the time domain by pulse-duration encoded laser signals.
Microwave assisted efficient non-degenerate four-wave mixing in pulsed regime
Authors: Mallick Nawaz Sarif , Seth Priyabrata , De Sankar
Published: May 2024

We theoretically investigate a N-type 87Rb atomic system for efficient generation and control of a non-degenerate four wave mixing (FWM) signal in pulsed regime. The susceptibility of the atomic medium is customized as a gain profile by a weak probe pulse and two strong continuous wave control fields which allow us to generate the pulsed FWM signal. We study the propagation dynamics of the generated FWM signal inside the nonlinear medium. The FWM signal obtains the exact shape of the probe pulse and travels without changing the shape whereas, the probe pulse is absorbed inside the nonlinear medium. The conversion efficiency of this scheme without a MW field is 5.36%. However, a MW field that couples two metastable ground states enhances the conversion efficiency to 20.6%. The generation and control of such FWM signal in pulsed regime has important applications in signal processing, optical communication and information science.
Comparison of hole expansion ratios in a dual phase steel for holes prepared by conventional punching and fine piercing
Authors: Ebrahim Abrar Salam , Aravind U , Chakkingal Uday
Published: May 2024

Dual phase steels generally exhibit poorer stretch flangeability compared to lower strength steels. Stretch flangeability is normally evaluated using hole expansion testing, wherein a specimen with a 10 mm central hole is expanded using a conical punch till onset of cracking at the edge of the hole. The percentage increase in hole diameter is referred to as the hole expansion ratio (HER). In this study, hole expansion ratios of a DP 600 steel were evaluated. Holes were prepared on a standard 90 mm x 90 mm specimen using two different hole preparation conditions: i) conventional punching where the hole edge exhibits both fracture and shear regions and ii) fine piercing where the hole edge exhibits almost completely smooth shear. Hole expansion testing was carried out on these specimens as per standard ISO 16630. The specimens with holes produced by fine piercing exhibited lower values of HER in spite of having a hole edge with a smooth surface. The specimens with holes prepared by conventional punching exhibited higher HER values. The influence of strain hardening of the cut edge during hole preparation and the surface roughness of the cut edge on the HER are discussed.
Comparison of homogeneous anisotropic hardening models in the case of the direct redrawing of a DP600 steel
Authors: Gautam N , Yoon S , Barlat F , Thuillier S
Published: May 2024

The use of DP600, an advanced high strength steel, has gained significant attention in automotive industry, especially for complex structures that require multi-step forming operations, leading to non-linear strain path changes. From a numerical modelling perspective, the use of advanced constitutive equations has enabled a precise representation of a large range of behaviors, encompassing reverse and orthogonal strain path changes. Within this context, this study is dedicated to the numerical simulation of a two-step deep drawing process based on distortional plasticity. Two models developed within the Homogeneous Anisotropic Hardening (HAH) framework are considered. This study presents a comparison of the model predictions, calibrated over the same experimental database, in terms of their ability to predict the strain path changes and mechanical behavior of the material during the forming process. Several outputs like the punch load evolution and the strain field are compared with experimental data.
Feature based bipolar plate forming
Authors: Meelkop D. , Janssen H. , Brecher C.
Published: May 2024

By the end of the 1990s, the global peak of energy supply from oil and gas deposits had already been reached. Since then, there has been a clear trend towards the development of new, more sustainable ways of supplying energy. To realize this reduction, a holistic and rapid restructuring of the energy supply towards CO2-free and renewable energy production, storage and processing across all areas of life is necessary. The development and implementation of a functioning hydrogen economy can be crucial with respect to the goal of climate neutrality. The scale-up and commercialization of technologies for the cost-effective production and use of hydrogen carry significant importance. Accordingly, innovative production technologies and process chains must be developed to be able to manufacture fuel cells reliably in high volumes and at optimized costs. In this context, BPPs in the PEM-FC are responsible for about 80 % of the total weight, just over 50 % of the system volume, and up to 40 % of the total cost. Current research approaches in the field of BPP forming focus mainly on the optimization of a pre-selected production technology. Thereby, the possibility of combining different forming technologies to represent a holistic process chain is mostly disregarded. This research gap is to be closed by the developments within the scope of this work. The bipolar plate is not to be regarded as a coherent component, but as a composition of different geometric features.
Straightening rollformed profiles by controlled partial rolling
Authors: Kilz J , Arnold S C , Groche P
Published: May 2024

Roll forming is a sheet metal forming process in which flat sheets are incrementally formed into a desired profile geometry. The process is characterized by high material utilization and output. Along with these advantages, process-related longitudinal strains occur, causing profile defects such as bowing and twisting of the profile, which require subsequent straightening. Conventional straightening methods use overbending and twisting to eliminate existing profile defects. However, this approach is purely experience-based and iterative due to the complex interactions between the various bending and twisting operations. Therefore, a closed-loop control of the straightening process is currently not implemented. This can be remedied by the novel knowledge-based straightening method of partial rolling.

In this paper, the basic idea of partial rolling will be introduced and the idea of knowledge-based process control will be demonstrated. A simulation model is then presented to test different process control strategies and evaluate their impact on the profile defects. Finally, an outlook is given on how a closed-loop controlled partial rolling process could be set up in a real process.