bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creativity, criticality and translanguaging in assessment design: perspectives from Bangladeshi higher education
Authors: Rafi Abu Saleh Mohammad
Published: June 2023

This article presents an assessment design that embraces creativity, criticality, and translanguaging as guiding principles. The design was implemented in the language and content learning classrooms of three Bangladeshi universities. Although the design indicates considerable pedagogical and social benefits, the participants demonstrated conflicting attitudes from the individual, institutional, and ideological dimensions towards implementing such an assessment design in mainstream classrooms. The article recommends teacher education, training programmes, and prestige planning of translanguaging practices for successful implementations of translanguaging oriented assessments in Bangladeshi higher education and related contexts.
Named Entity Recognition in Digitalen Sammlungen – Ein Werkstattbericht aus der Badischen Landesbibliothek
Authors: Heim Gerrit
Published: June 2023

Die Badische Landesbibliothek hat im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts die Named Entity Recognition (NER) in den Digitalen Sammlungen für ausgewählte Zeitungsbestände realisiert. Grundlage ist eine technische Neuentwicklung in Visual Library, die auf Google Cloud Natural Language basiert. Diese ermöglicht die Erkennung von Normdaten und deren Verknüpfung in den mittels OCR generierten Volltexten. Diese Datenanreicherung schafft neue Rechercheeinstiege für die Nutzerinnen und Nutzer und ermöglicht die Anwendung neuer Recherchemethoden für die Wissenschaft.
Saddle pulmonary embolism in the setting of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review of case reports and case series
Authors: Choudry Hassan , Ata Fateen , Ibrahim Wanis , Rana Mohammad Omer Rehman , Ahmad Shoaib , Mehmood Asim , Gill Basir Afzaal , Suheb Mahammed Khan
Published: June 2023

Saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare type of pulmonary embolism that can lead to hemodynamic compromise causing sudden deaths. Due to a dearth of large prospective studies in this area, little is known regarding the epidemiology, and prognosis and factors affecting the latter for COVID-19-associated SPE. We aimed to describe COVID-19-associated SPE and quantify and compare mortality and factors affecting mortality among the cases. We included a total of 25 publications with a total of 35 cases. The average age was 45 ± 16.3 years with 11 females and 24 males. Dyspnoea (82.5%), orthopnoea (43.5%), and cough (43.5%) were the most common symptoms, and obstructive shock was present in five (21.7%) patients. The average reported oxygen (O2) saturation was 85.8% ± 11.9 mm Hg. Hypertension (26.1%), diabetes (21.7%), and deep vein thrombosis (21.7%) were the most commonly reported comorbidities. Right heart strain was recognized in seven (30%) patients on electroencephalogram (S1QIIITIII) and 12 (52.2%) patients on echocardiogram. Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and percutaneous intervention were tried in 21 (91.3%), 13 (56.5%), and 6 (26.1%) cases, respectively. Despite the aggressive management, 2 of 25 (8.7%) patients died in our smaller case report cohort. We conclude that despite aggressive management modalities, the mortality of SPE remains high in COVID-19.
The concentration of Lithium in water resources: A systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Fakhri Yadolah , Daraei Hasti , Mehri Fereshteh , Einolghozati Mahtab , Mohamadi Sara , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: June 2023

The presence of trace elements such as lithium (Li) in water resources in the long term can endanger consumers’ health. Several studies have been conducted on Li concentration in water sources; hence, this study attempted to retrieve studies using a systematic search. The search was conducted in Web of Sciences, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases from 1 January 2010 to 15 January 2023. Li concentration was meta-analyzed based on the type of water resources and countries subgroups in the random effects model (REM) statistical analysis. In addition, health risk assessment in different age groups was calculated using the target hazard quotient (THQ). This study included 76 papers with 157 data reports in our meta-analysis. The overall pooled concentration of Li was 5.374 (95 % CI: 5.261–5.487 μg/L). The pooled concentration of Li in groundwater (40.407 μg/L) was 14.53 times surface water (2.785 μg/L). The highest water Li content was attributed to Mexico (2,209.05 μg/L), Bolivia (1,444.05 μg/L), Iraq (1,350 μg/L), and Argentina (516.39 μg/L). At the same time, the lowest water Li content was associated with Morocco (1.20 μg/L), Spain (0.46 μg/L), and India (0.13 μg/L). THQ due to Li in water resources in consumers of Iraq, Mexico, South Africa, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Portugal, Malawi, South Korea, Nepal, South Korea, Argentina, and the USA was higher than 1 value. Therefore, continuous monitoring of Li concentration in water sources and reducing Li concentration, especially in groundwater water, using new water treatment processes in these countries are recommended.
Possibilités économiques des paysans dans les domaines du district du fonds public de Pécsvárad dans la première partie du 19ème siècle
Authors: Borsy Judit
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine how different the situation of serfs living in public foundation manors differed from that of serfs living in private manors or church manors. Applied methods. We analyzed the manorial accounts of the public foundation district of Pécsvárad, which is located in Hungarian National Archives of Baranya County, as well as other censuses and court documents. The focus of the examination was the three abbey estates in Pécsvárad. Outcomes. The accounts showed that the source of income of public foundation manors were significantly different from that of private or church manors. The “robot” reports show that the serfs had ample opportunity to get rid of this burdensome service. The favorable terms of the land leases proved that the serfs living in the public foundation district had more opportunities for economic growth, and they took advantage of this. Farming on leased lands and clearings, significantly increased the economic opportunities of the serfs. The lack of “allodium” offered the serfs ample space for farming.Keywords: estate, public foundation, “robot”, “allodium”, leased land
Untreue Verwaltung um die Jahrhundertwende bei den Geldinstituten im Komitat Vas
Authors: Halász Imre
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study: In the dual monarchy era, especially after 1873 there was a strong economic development in Hungary, and its results and specialties in Vas County were presented by our previous studies. Such a rapid development also brought to light the dark side of business life: amongst embezzlement the regulatory shortcomings also appeared. Applied methods: The records of savings banks were preserved fragmentarily by the Vas County Archives, there are neither ledgers nor board reports kept from the above mentioned period. We could rely on the Szombathely Regional Courts criminal suit’s documents as primary sources and the annual printed balance sheets, data of the Hungarian Compass and the contemporary press as secondary sources. Outcomes: This study deals with the three cases of embezzlement which were followed by the national press at the time. In addition, one of the cases were discussed at the meeting held for savings banks’ reforms in 1899 in Miskolc. The cases in question reveal human errors and regulatory shortcomings.
The Role of Cultural Heritage in the Development of Small Towns in Burgenland
Authors: Horeczki Réka
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study. To examine the factors that influence the innovative and sustainable use of cultural heritage in small towns and the contribution of cultural heritage protection to the development of small towns. Applied methods. Literature review including the history of small town in Burgenland and the evolution of the concept of cultural heritage. We involved sources from monographies, census records and own experiencies of study trips. The research framework is Burgenland's small towns. Outcomes. The study highlights the specificity of the concept of cultural heritage in Central-Europe, in which the economic-socio-environmental classification of theories is also valid. The opportunity for culture-based development of small towns in Burgenland is presented as an opportunity, requiring an integrated approach: the strategic use of cultural resources in development is presented as an economic potential.
The Impact of the Thermal Project on the Thermal Spa Culture of Southern Transdanubia
Authors: Nyári Tamás
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study. To present what concepts existed for the utilization of the thermal resources of the Southern Transdanubian region, both at the national and county level. Next, examine the impact of the international Thermal Project, which started in the 1970s, on the spa culture of the region, primarily on the spa culture. Applied methods. Primarily a literature review in the field of economic policy and spa history. I examined the literature on socialist economic policy and incorporated the results of my research into the information found there. The literature research was followed by the study of contemporary press and legislation. At the end of the systematic investigation, useful information was provided with relevant press reports and adequate source criticism. An important part of the research was archival research, in which national and county-level party documents and council documents were processed. Outcomes. As a result of the party decree of 1957 and the ministerial decree of 1960, the pace of hydrocarbon research increased at the same time, as a result of which thermal wells were discovered one after the other, and the demand for the development of tourism appeared at the same time. Together, this resulted in the development of spa culture based on thermal wells being put on the agenda at the local, county and national levels. Starting in the 1960s, concepts appeared one after another for the use of thermal water for tourism purposes, to boost tourism and increase the country's foreign exchange earnings. The national water management framework plan was created, and county plans were created for the development of spas. By the 1970s, taking advantage of the milder political climate, the primary goal became the utilization of the country's thermal resources, and it initiated cooperation with the UN under the name Thermal Project. A joint management planning group was created, in which Hungarian and international specialists and numerous institutions of the country participated. After a lot of preparation and the creation of a schedule, the project died after the implementation of the first phase. The implementation of the big plan was thus left for the times after the regime change.
Summarizing the Effect of Mixture Variables and Test Parameters on Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Saha Chowdhury Priyadarshini , Tavva Tejaswini Lakshmi , Mullapudi Ramya Sri , Muppireddy Amaranatha Reddy
Published: June 2023

Fatigue cracking performance of asphalt mixtures is significantly affected by mixture variables and environmental and loading conditions in the field. Thus, there is a need to understand the effect of critical factors on the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures through an extensive study. For this purpose, the present research is focused on characterizing fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures by considering different factors such as aggregate gradations (two dense and two gap gradations), binder types (two unmodified and three modified binder types), binder content (optimum binder content and optimum binder content ±0.5 %), test temperatures (15°C, 25°C, and 35°C), and three stress levels for different asphalt layer thicknesses (40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 mm). An indirect tensile fatigue test was performed to characterize fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures, and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was carried out to examine whether the factors that were considered significantly affected the fatigue performance. Pavement sections with varying thicknesses of asphalt layers were analyzed using IITPAVE, a pavement analysis software, to compare the mixtures’ fatigue performance. All of the variables taken into consideration in this study were shown to have a statistically significant effect (p value < 0.05). However, the binder type had a stronger influence than the other variables on the resistance to fatigue cracking. Finally, a fatigue life equation (adjusted R2 = 0.77) was developed considering all the mixture combinations, which can be used for determining the laboratory fatigue life of asphalt mixtures.
Relationship between mental health diagnoses and sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Bretz Lauren A. , Keshwani Najiba , Raphael Meghna
Published: June 2023

Multiple studies have demonstrated a relationship between risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mental health needs. This “syndemic” phenomenon suggests that while many patients with mental health conditions are at higher risk for STI acquisition, the relationship also works in the opposite direction: Patients diagnosed with STIs are more likely to have mental health issues. The purposes of this review article are to examine the overlap between mental health and STIs, to provide mental health providers the tools to identify individuals with behavioral health concerns who may be at increased risk for STI acquisition, to discuss how STI diagnosis can affect mental health, and to review interventions to mitigate these risks, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing-based behavioral interventions. Integrating primary health care and mental health care for sexual health needs may also help improve delivery of both of these services.
Listening to Reik and Beethoven: A Clinical Memoir
Authors: Gargiulo Gerald J.
Published: June 2023

This article exemplifies Reik's use of surprise in his psychoanalytic technique. Reik maintained that analysts should allow themselves to be surprised at times by their response. Such a reaction can offer new possibilities of deepening the treatment. An example is presented of such a nonstandard intervention that proved helpful in resolving the patient's difficulties with communicating.
Event-Related Desynchronization Induced by Tactile Imagery: an EEG Study
Authors: Yakovlev Lev , Syrov Nikolay , Miroshnikov Andrei , Lebedev Mikhail , Kaplan Alexander
Published: June 2023

It is well known that both hand movements and mental representations of movement lead to event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded over the corresponding cortical motor areas. However, the relationship between ERD in somatosensory cortical areas and mental representations of tactile sensations is not well understood. In this study, we employed EEG recordings in healthy humans to compare the effects of real and imagined vibrotactile stimulation of the right hand. Both real and imagined sensations produced contralateral ERD patterns, particularly in the μ-band and most significantly in the C3 region. Building on these results and the previous literature, we discuss the role of tactile imagery as part of the complex body image and the potential for using EEG patterns induced by tactile imagery as control signals in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Combining this approach with motor imagery (MI) could improve the performance of BCIs intended for rehabilitation of sensorimotor function after stroke and neural trauma.
The effect of psychological contract, employer branding and job satisfaction on turnover intention: Organizational commitment as moderating variable at start-up IT company
Authors: Azmy Ahmad , Wiadi Iyus , Risza Handy
Published: June 2023

IT-startup is an organization that starts a business in the technology field. The problem that is often faced is high-turnover. The reality of business processes takes a long time to develop into large companies. One of the potential factors in business success is human resources. The present study analyzes the direct and indirect effects of the psychological contract, employer branding, and job environment on turnover intention in IT start-up companies. Organizational commitment was employed as the moderating variable. The study was conducted in several IT start-up companies in Jakarta, focusing on four business fields: educational technology, IT consulting, software and hardware, and IT infrastructure. Respondents were 182 employees of IT start-up companies, recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Applying Partial Least Square, this study found that psychological contract, employer branding, and job environment, directly and indirectly, affect turnover intention. Organizational commitment was found to have the most significant direct effect on turnover intention. Meanwhile, employer branding exhibited the most significant indirect effect on turnover intention. IT start-ups need to strengthen their psychological contracts, employer branding, and job environment to reduce high turnover. IT start-ups must provide a conducive job environment to support employee work processes. This strengthens the psychological aspect of employees to stay afloat in the long term. A sense of loyalty, high commitment, and professionalism must be instilled in all employees as part of efforts to strengthen the psychological contract. The business success of an IT start-up becomes a good branding employer so that it is able to recruit potential human resources candidates. IT start-up companies need to strengthen their psychological contract, employer branding, and job environment in order to minimize turnover intention. Employees are a long-term investment for a company’s business sustainability, and their ideas, creativities, and innovation are pivotal for the company.
Interview: Odd Arne Westad and Edward Knudsen
Authors: Westad Odd Arne , Knudsen Edward Lawrence
Published: June 2023

This interview between Odd Arne Westad, Elihu Professor of History at Yale University, and Edward Knudsen covers Professor Westad’s extensive scholarship on global history, reaching from the Cold War to present politics. They discuss the links between the Cold War and current geopolitical tensions, exploring how relations between the US, China, and Russia have evolved since the 20th Century.
Perioperative Levels of Troponin and BNP and the Outcome after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Abdelrehim Ayman R. , Alnasser Faisal A. , Alnozaha Fareed A. , Uddin Mohammadnizam S.H. , Sandogji Hasan I. , Aynusah Hussain R. , Alluhaybi Asim S.S. , Alahmadi Refal A. , Alahmadi Hussam M. , Alharbi Wafaa M. , Shabaan Ahmed M.
Published: June 2023

Background: The independent predictive values of troponin I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been reported in several studies. However, adjustment only has been limited to preoperative risk factors. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the independent values of postoperative cTnI and BNP to predict the outcome after CABG with adjustment for preoperative risk estimates and postoperative complications and to report risk stratification gains, when considering the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) combined with postoperative biomarkers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 282 consecutive patients undergoing CABG between January 2018 and December 2021. We evaluated the preoperative and postoperative cTnI and BNP, EuroSCORE, and postoperative complications. The composite endpoint was death or cardiac-related adverse events. Results: The AUROC for postoperative cTnI was significantly higher than that of BNP (0.777 vs. 0.625, p = 0.041). The optimal cut-off values to predict the composite outcome were >4830 (pg/mL) and >6.95 (ng/mL) for BNP and cTnI, respectively. Adjustment for relevant and significant perioperative factors showed that postoperative BNP and cTnI had a high discriminatory power (C-index = 0.773 and 0.895, respectively) for predicting major adverse events. Conclusions: Postoperative BNP and cTnI are independent predictors of death or major adverse events, following CABG, and can add to the predictive power of EuroSCORE II.
Internet Addiction: A Concerning Issue among Chinese College Students
Authors: Yang Yaodong
Published: June 2023

The advent of computers initiated the information revolution, fundamentally transforming individuals’ ways of life. The use of internet brings about unprecedented convenience, efficiency, and abundance of information. For college students, the internet has significantly enriched their lives, opened more learning channels, and increased learning resources, as a result, broadening their horizons, facilitating academic exchanges, and making learning more engaging. On the other hand, the problematic use of internet such as internet dependence among some of them has imposed detrimental effects on their academic achievement as well as their mental and physical health.
Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and codeine phosphate in pharmaceuticals using molecular absorption spectroscopy and classical least squares method
Authors: Duy Luu Nguyen , Duong Duy Tran , Thuc Binh Tran
Published: June 2023

In this article, a combined method of molecular absorption spectroscopy and classical least squares is used to simultaneously determine paracetamol (PAR) and codeine phosphate (COP) in pharmaceutical samples without the need for prior separation or extraction steps. The absorption spectra of standard solutions and samples were measured in the wavelength range of 210 to 290 nm with a step size of 0.5 nm. The concentrations of PAR and COP in the sample solutions were calculated using a self-made program written in Microsoft Excel 2016 and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The reliability of the method was verified through the accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements when analyzing PAR and COP in Effer-Paralmax® Codeine tablets, and comparing the average values of their concentrations in the samples with the standard HPLC method.
Dental Caries: Early Intervention and the Role of the Pediatrician
Authors: Arevalo Oscar , Miranda Paula , Gereige Rani S.
Published: June 2023

Despite improvements in oral morbidity levels and access to care among the pediatric population, there are still major disparities in the United States. Results of national surveys have documented a decrease in the number of children receiving either a dental examination or a cleaning. This finding is particularly concerning for toddlers and infants, as early preventive dental visits and the establishment of a dental home is cost-effective and leads to enhanced oral health outcomes over the life span. Many infants and toddlers do not visit a dentist, suggesting that the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry to establish a dental home are not appropriately adopted.
Los paisajes antropogénicos del municipio Morelia, Michoacán de Ocampo - México
Authors: Bollo Manent Manuel , Martínez Serrano Ayesa , Martín Morales Gustavo
Published: June 2023

Los procesos de ordenación territorial y ecológica en el municipio de Morelia necesitan la definición de unidades territoriales que permitan realizar diagnósticos que integren la problemática social y de la naturaleza de este. Por ello, el objetivo es obtener unidades territoriales, con carácter sistémico, que sirvan de base a la planificación, a partir del estudio de las interrelaciones entre los sistemas sociales y naturales. Se utilizan metodologías del Manejo Integrado del Paisaje desde la geoecología del paisaje. En el municipio, clasificado como urbano, se establecieron las unidades geoecológicas que permitieron definir la zonificación funcional de la ciudad de Morelia, sus zonas urbana, periurbana y rural e identificar las unidades geoecológicas y los paisajes antropogénicos que muestran la diferenciación de los procesos y niveles de modificación originados por la apropiación histórica del espacio por la sociedad. Se presenta un método de clasificación y cartografía de estas unidades que permitirán, con el uso de indicadores naturales, antropogénicos, económicos, sociales y demográficos, evaluados en cada unidad, realizar el diagnóstico integrado, el pronóstico y las propuestas de utilización del territorio.
Psychological recreation of overcoming failures and achieving success by young rhythmic gymnasts aged 6-8
Authors: Golenkova Julia , Kravchuk Tatyana , Sanzharova Nina , Potop Vladimir , Filon Karina
Published: June 2023

Background and Study Aim. Performing physical exercises in rhythmic gymnastics requires not only physical ability, but also psychological stability and a suitable recreational environment. The satisfaction of doing gymnastic exercises is an important component of children's success. The aim of this study: to investigate the impact of psychological means of motivation and recreation, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors, on the performance and success of young gymnasts aged 6-8 in rhythmic gymnastics exercises.

Materials and Methods. A total of 20 girls (employment experience - 2-4 years) aged between 6 and 8 years who were engaged in rhythmic gymnastics at Sports school No. 5 (Kharkiv, Ukraine), participated in this study. The participants were divided into two groups - experimental and control, based on their technical training levels determined by the results of the competition. Each group comprised 10 gymnasts. The research utilized two sets of tests: 1) psychological tests to assess the motivational sphere of gymnasts, including the Sports Motivation Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children; 2) technical training tests, specifically exercises with a hoop. The technical tests were scored by two experienced coaches on a 10-point scale.

Results. The results of the study showed that the use of psychological training in the training process increased the level of motivation to achieve success. The motivational component of training was found to be closely related to the creation of an appropriate recreational environment, which in turn affected the level of technical performance of "risk" elements with the object among young gymnasts.

Conclusions. The introduction of techniques and means of psychological preparation for performing complex throwing exercises with objects had a positive effect on increasing the level of motivation to achieve success and overcome failures. This approach helped to improve results when performing complex "risk" elements. The findings suggest that incorporating psychological means of recreation in training programs for young gymnasts can be beneficial for their overall performance and success.
Physical Activity and cardiovascular function in 9-year-old schoolchildren: implications for health and well-being
Authors: Masliak Irina , Mameshina Margarita , Jagiello Marina
Published: June 2023

Background and Study Aim. Sedentary lifestyles are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases later in life. Identifying the potential benefits of physical activity for the cardiovascular health of children is crucial for developing effective strategies to promote healthy habits and prevent future health problems. Purpose of the article is to investigate the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular function in 9-year-old schoolchildren, taking into account the gender.

Materials and Methods. The study participants were 27 students of the 3rd grade (10 boys, 17 girls) of secondary school № 58 in Kharkiv, Ukraine. All children were healthy and were under the supervision of a medical worker. Consent was obtained from both the school administration and the parents of the children. The functional state of the cardiovascular system of children was determined by the indices of the Robinson index and the Ruffier index. To calculate these indicators, we measured heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) at rest and after exercise (30 squats in 45 seconds).

Results. There were no significant differences between boys and girls in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate at rest and recovery after exercise. The average level of reserves and efficiency of the cardiovascular system was revealed. A higher than average level of the response of the cardiovascular system to standard physical activity was revealed.

Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system of 9-year-old students are generally at an average level and that there are no significant differences between boys and girls in terms of heart rate, blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. These findings could be useful for developing physical education programs for children and for identifying children who may require additional cardiovascular health monitoring or interventions.
Development of volleyball skills in physical education lessons using visual imagery in 10-11-year-old schoolchildren
Authors: Krivyca Iryna , Nesen Olena , Strelnykova Yevheniia , Wnorowski Krzysztof
Published: June 2023

Background and Study Aim. Volleyball is a popular team sport that requires a combination of technical skills, coordination, and teamwork. However, there is a need for innovative and effective teaching methods that can enhance the learning experience and skill acquisition process for young learners. The study aim to assess the efficacy of using visual imagery (scheme kinematic poses of an athlete) as a teaching tool to improve the volleyball skills of 10-11-year-old schoolchildren.

Materials and Methods. The study involved schoolchildren from Lyceum № 89 in Kharkiv, Ukraine. A total of 62 schoolchildren were selected to participate in the study, with 28 students assigned to the experimental group and 30 students assigned to the control group. Among the participants, there were 22 girls and 40 boys, all aged between 10 and 11 years. The study employed a pedagogical experiment that spanned over a duration of 5 weeks, comprising 14 classes. The participants completed tests on Overhead Pass and Forearm Pass to assess their baseline volleyball skills. Cyclograms (scheme kinematic poses of an athlete during Overhead Pass and Forearm Pass), which provided visual representations of the technical techniques involved in volleyball, were utilized during the study. Brief information sessions were conducted with the schoolchildren in a "question-answer" format. Prior to the study, consent was obtained from the children's parents as well as the school administration to ensure the participation of the schoolchildren in the experiment. Ethical guidelines were followed throughout the study to ensure the well-being and safety of the participants.

Results. There was no significant difference in the performance of tests between the experimental and control groups. Both groups displayed a low level of competence in technical volleyball skills at the outset. However, the control group achieved a sufficient level of competence, while the experimental group showed significant improvement and attained a high level of competence in technical volleyball skills.

Conclusions. Physical education teachers should consider incorporating cyclograms as teaching tools when instructing 10-11-year-old schoolchildren in volleyball techniques. These visual aids can enhance comprehension and execution of the skills, leading to improved performance. Physical education classes should involve interactive teaching methods, such as brief information sessions in a "question-answer" format. This approach fosters engagement and active participation, enabling schoolchildren to grasp the concepts and techniques more effectively.
Enhancing health and well-being: unlocking the speed abilities of 9-year-old primary school children
Authors: Mameshina Margarita , Cieślicka Mirosława
Published: June 2023

Background and Study Aim. Physical activity is the key to fostering healthy growth and development in children. Encouraging children to engage in activities that enhance their speed abilities not only boosts their physical fitness but also contributes to their mental and emotional well-being. The purpose of the study - exploring speed abilities: a comparative study of 9-year-old primary school children in Ukraine and beyond.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at Kharkiv Central Educational School № 105 in Ukraine. A total of 29 children from the 4th grade (17 boys and 12 girls) participated in the study. These children were previously screened by a medical practitioner and were found to be in good health. Informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of the children, emphasizing their voluntary participation and the potential benefits and risks associated with the study.  The study focused on assessing the speed abilities of the participating children. The tests included:  1) Running 30 meters (The time taken by each participant to run a distance of 30 meters was recorded in seconds); 2) Jumping rope (The number of times each participant successfully completed jumping rope within one minute was measured).

Results. The study revealed that the general level of development of speed abilities among the participating children corresponded to the average level observed for this age group. Jumping Rope Results: 1) Boys - the average number of successful jumps per minute was 74.94 ± 13.85; 2) Girls - the average number of successful jumps per minute was 76.00 ± 28.16. 30-Meter Run Results: 1) Boys - the average time taken to complete the run was 6.64 ± 0.10 seconds; 2) Girls - the average time taken to complete the run was 6.63 ± 0.11 seconds.

Conclusions. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the speed abilities of 9-year-old primary schoolchildren, offering valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers. Understanding the specific performance levels of boys and girls in jumping rope and running can inform the development of targeted interventions and programs aimed at enhancing speed-related skills among this age group.
How Postdocs Identifying as White U.S. Citizens Can Support Undocumented Students
Authors: Jach Elizabeth , Gupta Kalpana
Published: June 2023

Research on attitudes within higher education toward undocumented students has overlooked the views of postdoctoral scholars (postdocs). With the number of postdocs in the United States on the rise, this highly trained group matters for future leadership inside and outside of higher education. Since previous research has shown that individuals of minoritized races/ethnicities and non-U.S. citizens exhibit greater support for undocumented students (Garibay et al., 2016; Jach & Gloeckner, 2020), this study conducted individual interviews with 10 postdocs who identified as White U.S. citizens. Findings indicated postdocs with a personal or professional connection to undocumented students exhibited greater levels of support toward undocumented students. Those lacking these connections exhibited greater levels of White immunity (Cabrera, 2017) and what this study terms citizenship immunity. Postdocs also expressed a need for adult education to better support undocumented students yet articulated possible strategies for engaging in allyship, suggesting postdocs have the power to counteract negative rhetoric and work toward a more inclusive policy for undocumented students.
Działalność opozycji i ruchów dysydenckich w państwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej na łamach czasopisma „Obóz”
Authors:   Europejskie Centrum Solidarności w Gdańsku, Bielanowska Judyta ,   Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa w Poznaniu
Published: June 2023

The activities of the democratic opposition in the former Soviet republics and in the countries dominated by the USSR under the post-war Yalta agreements had a chance to emerge only in the late 1980s, i.e. when the framework of the geopolitical balance of power in Europe was determined by the democratization processes in the Eastern Bloc. Only then, on the wave of perestroika and glasnostia, the voice of circles contesting the existing order of things had a chance to resonate and be heard by the international community. However, not only the structures of the political opposition, but also dissident movements, equally interested in systemic change, marked their presence in the public space of states ruled by communist parties. Thus, the pages of the magazine “Obóz” discuss the groups and milieus constituting a political opposition in the classical sense, as well as groups which, due to their previous connections, of various nature, with the collapsing communist regime, should be considered dissident movements in the strict sense of these words.
Niezależna działalność wydawnicza NZS w Krakowie w latach 1980–1981
Authors:   IPN Kraków, Kuta Cecylia ,   Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Published: June 2023

Publishing activities conducted beyond the reach of censorship were an important manifestation of the activity of the Independent Students’ Association in the 1980s. The magazines and books published by this structure were mainly informative or informative and journalistic, they served to disseminate the organization’s program, but also undermined the views expressed in offi cially published publications. Krakow’s NZS was very active in this respect, publishing 33 periodicals in 1980–1981, and in total in 1980–1989 at least 68 titles. The article discusses and summarizes the publishing achievements of the Krakow NZS in the fi rst, legal period of its existence, and highlights the specifi city of this form of its activity.
O chłopcu, który chciał zostać nazistą. Obraz narodowego socjalizmu w filmie Jojo Rabbit w reżyserii Taiki Waititiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Bartnicka Alicja
Published: June 2023

The history of World War II and the Third Reich enjoy unfading interest of filmmakers who not only include certain threads of those historical realities into their productions but make them the theme determining a course of a story. The Jojo Rabbit film directed by Taika Waititi is without a doubt much more than just an interesting story of a boy who wanted to become a Nazi. Waititi (New Zealand based) painted a satirical and ambivalent picture of national socialism; this time around viewers could watch it from the perspective of a child imbued with this ideology. The plot of the film contains references to anti-Semitism, Aryan racial superiority and ways of controlling society. The viewer’s doubts may be raised by the fact that all these elements are presented in a satirical form. The aim of this study is not only the attempt to evaluate this picture with consideration to historical realities, but also a look into the choice of media used by the director.
W poszukiwaniu modelu jedności. Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej i Akcja Wyborcza „Solidarność” jako przykłady inicjatyw scaleniowych na scenie partyjnej III Rzeczypospolitej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Lewandowski Arkadiusz
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of this article is to present the phenomenon of forming of main political parties in Poland during the 1990s such as Electoral Action “Solidarność” (AWS) and Democratic Left Alliance (SLD). Moreover, the article partly describes the polish party system and process of its consolidation. The author puts an emphasis on the significance of the parliamentary elite in this process and its influence on existence of political parties. The article has been divided into two parts describing history of formation and typical features of each party. The author made an attempt to create the model of consolidation of political party in Poland and outlined its most important elements such as the cause and aim of integration and internal structure of political party. Taking into consideration the consolidation of SLD and AWS there is a visible inability of forming, one, universal model of integration process. It appears that the participating in elections is the only thing that presented parties had in common.
Polityczne bariery rozwoju obszarów metropolitalnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Gawłowski Robert
Published: June 2023

The author tries to answer the question what are the political barriers to the development of metropolitan areas? He concludes that it is incredibly complicated and it causes many conflicts at many levels of authority. Therefore he examines several types of conflicts: conflict central city versus surrounding municipalities, the region vs. metropolis, the region vs. the central authorities, the central authorities vs. Metropolis. The subject of conflict is the division of powers between different tiers of local government. The entity most active in the debate on the shape of jurisdiction is the regional level, which is potentially the biggest loser, because losing a significant portion of its proceeds. Furthermore, in the case of a metropolitan institution manages the development of regional less wealthy individuals. The particular type of conflict we are dealing at the level of the metropolis and the central government. It is extremely destructive and can lead to ones-zero game, which has the privileged position of the government, which could solve the structure of the Metropolitan (for example of London). In view of the fact that political institutions determine the policy framework, the process of introduction of new metropolitan institutions must be carefully planned. Introduction solutions require consultation and a precise division of powers.
Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego w świetle członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Willa Rafał
Published: June 2023

Despite the progressing outer convergence of Poland, it can be stated that, with the exception of a few big cities and few areas attractive in terms of tourism and agriculture, all Polish voivodships are threatened by the peripheralization in the integrating Europe. Furthermore, the restructurization processes of industry and agriculture together with a slow privatization of these branches of economy, despite visible positive results, brought about threats of unemployment, a low investment ability, little competitiveness of enterprises or ineffectiveness of the institutional system. What is more, the above-mentioned dangers occur to different degrees in different regions. Therefore, a low socio-economic cohesion is itself an obstacle to the enlargement of the cohesion at the European level. This paper tries to present the current level of socio-economic development of Polish voivodships, especially Kujawsko-Pomorskie, within the context of cohesion policy of the European Union.
Wpływ paradygmatu realistycznego oraz ideologii neokonserwatywnej na politykę nuklearną USA po zakończeniu zimnej wojny
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Jaskuła Łukasz
Published: June 2023

The article describes the role of two major idea sets in U.S. nuclear policy-making after the end of the Cold War. The analysis discusses briefly key points of the ongoing debate in international relations. According to realists, accumulation of military power is the only rational choice for states given the anarchic nature of international system. Since Russia and her arsenal are still viewed as an existential threat to America, Cold War conception of strategic stability must be maintained. U.S. nuclear forces are perceived as an insurance against reemerging of hostile relations with Moscow. Preoccupation with the Russian threat is also the feature of neoconservative movement that shaped American policy since 2001. Apart from deterring Russia, this idea considers it necessary to prepare American arsenal to challenge regional adversaries, especially the so-called rogue states. This leads to transformation of U.S. nuclear policy towards capabilities-based planning emphasizing new missions for nuclear weapons and their overall greater importance.
Agenda-setting – niepotwierdzona teoria czy rzeczywiste zjawisko?
Authors:   studentka politologii na Uniwersytecie Kazimierza Wielkiego, Wieczorek Joanna
Published: June 2023

Each day the media filters information, making a set hierarchy of importance. Media agenda has a great influence on the point of view of most of the viewers who get most of their world knowledge from mass media. This phenomenon is called the agenda-setting process or the day-order theory. Research on this subject on a wild scale was conducted by two professors, Maxwell McCombs and Donald Show. As a result of those experiments the researchers reached the conclusion that the media has an influence on what we are supposed to think. A great role in setting the media agenda play gatekeepers – journalists who decide what information are crucial for society. After al it is them who political parties and advocacy groups are trying to reach making pseudo-events. As a result of further analysis attention was pointed to the second level of agenda-setting which infers to the features and properties of specific messages. Receiving them from the media, we create certain images in our minds. Despite many years of research the agenda-setting theory is still a big riddle and requires further consideration. Many of its aspects pose a challenge to future communicology.
Jacek Kuroń – utopijny wizjoner czy twórca realnych programów politycznych?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Kaszkur Alina
Published: June 2023

Jacek Kuroń was a politician, who has found his permanent place in collective memory of polish nation. He cannot be forgotten in the reflection on the transformation that took place in Poland in XX and XXI century. He was an author of his own political program. Under the influence his own reflection and observations of the changing social and political conditions, his program was evaluating, but it remained coherent in the meaning of main values The main influence on Kuroń’s political program had the changing social conditions, but its base was Kuroń’s ideological beliefs. Kuroń – for all his life – considered himself as a man of the left. In the system of Kuroń’s ethical and humanistic values, the main was human being – living and functioning in the society. Kuroń as an author of political program considered his work not only in the categories of political visions, but he treated it as a realization of some kind of ethos. He used to treat the politic as a space of giving a testimony of values and political attitudes, connected to the term of the left, he believed in. For all his life Kuroń was looking for such concepts, that would let him to its full implication.
Ideologia gender w krytyce medialnej środowisk prawicy w Polsce
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Demokracji w Grudziądzu, Rogowski Waldemar
Published: June 2023

The ideology of gender is recently the subject of deep critical interest of the related right side of the political scene. Proponents of gender feminist movement inspired propose a new look at the social role of women and men. This undermines the perception of sexuality. This article is an attempt to present the main lines of criticism of gender published by the Polish right-wing circles in the media.