bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Essential Skills for Becoming a Today’s Automotive Vocational Teacher: Focus Group Interview Study
Authors: Yudantoko Afri , Maruanaya Rita Fransina , Gunadi Gunadi
Published: July 2024

Vocational education, as a kind of education, has an important role not only for people to get a job but also for nations to grow their national economy. Vocational teachers, especially, are the keys to the success of vocational education, so the competencies required to become such teachers are crucial issues that need attention. This study aims to explore the most needed and recent competencies that an automotive vocational teacher needs to master to survive in career life. A Focus Group Interview (FGI) study with two main questions was used to collect data from 6 participants consisting of 3 automotive vocational teachers and three automotive industrial instructors. The interview was recorded, and the data was analyzed qualitatively. The findings stated that the ability to conduct sustainable learning or lifelong learning becomes the most essential competency that automotive vocational teachers need to have. Additionally, there is a suggestion to automotive vocational teacher education institutions to conduct instructional design of learning activities that could promote the abilities of sustainable learning for the students. This is necessary because automotive technology is developing very quickly, so vocational education should deal with that phenomenon by preparing qualified automotive vocational teacher candidates who can conduct sustainable learning or lifelong learning effectively.
Influence of external magnetic field on the viscosity of electrically conducting magnetic fluids
Authors: Komilov K. , Zarifzoda A. Q.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Theoretical study of an external magnetic field on the discontinuous and bulk viscosity of electrically conductive magnetic fluids.

   Methods. The method of molecular kinetic theory is used, which, using kinetic methods for single-particle and two-particle distribution functions, allows one to determine transfer mechanisms in electrically conductive magnetic fluids.When constructing kinetic mathematical electrically conductive magnetic fluids as multicomponent systems in which non-magnetic and magnetic subsystems are independent, magnetic particles and the stabilizer substance closely interact with each other.

   Results. Based on algorithms of expressions for the coefficients of shear and volumetric viscosity, the observed mechanisms of translational and structural relaxation processes, a series of calculations was carried out depending on thecoefficients of stepwise and volumetric viscosity from the results of external magnetic fields, the volumetric structure of magnetic particles and the calculation of measured values in electrically conductive magnetic fluids based on mercury and a eutectic alloy of Gallium and India. It is shown that with increasing external magnetic fields, the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity in electrically conductive magnetic fluids increase nonlinearly. An increase in the volume of elements of magnetic particles also leads to a nonlinear increase in the coefficients of abrupt and bulk viscosity.

   Conclusion. The given calculations of the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity depending on the principle of international dependence indicate that the use of metal constants in electrically conductive magnetic fluids leads to a noticeable decrease in their viscosity. It is shown that the results obtained, in good agreement with literature data, can be used for further development of the theory of transfer processes of electrically conductive magnetic fluids.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Afatinib and Osimertinib for Patients With PD-L1-positive EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Carcinoma
Authors: INOMATA MINEHIKO , KAWASHIMA YOSUKE , SAITO RYOTA , MORINAGA DAISUKE , NOGAWA HITOMI , SATO MASAMICHI , SUZUKI YOHEI , YANAGISAWA SATORU , KIKUCHI TAKASHI , JINGU DAISUKE , YOSHIMURA NARUO , HARADA TOSHIYUKI , MIYAUCHI EISAKU
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. However, higher tumor programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with a poor response to EGFR-TKIs, and information on the comparison between afatinib and osimertinib in PD-L1-positive EGFR-mutant NSCLC is scarce. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with PD-L1-positive EGFR-mutant NSCLC to compare the effectiveness of afatinib and osimertinib. Results: A total of 177 patients were included in the study. The Cox proportion hazard model was adjusted for age, sex, performance status, EGFR mutation status, PD-L1 expression level, and brain metastasis, revealing that there was no significant difference in risk for progression [hazard ratio (HR)=0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.64-1.53] or death (HR=0.96, 95% CI=0.54-1.73) between afatinib and osimertinib. Conclusion: In conclusion, the EGFR-TKI treatment duration and overall survival after the treatment with afatinib or osimertinib were similar in patients with PD-L1-positive EGFR-mutant NSCLC in the present study.
Loneliness and Social Isolation Factors Under the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: 2-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sugaya Nagisa , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Suzuki Naho , Uchiumi Chigusa
Published: July 2024

Background

Worsening loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic have become serious public health concerns worldwide. Despite previous research reporting persistent loneliness and social isolation under repeated emergency declarations and prolonged pandemics, long-term studies are needed to identify the actual conditions of loneliness and social isolation, and the factors that explain them.

Objective

In this study, 3 web-based surveys were conducted at 1-year intervals during the 2 years after the first state of emergency to examine changes in loneliness and social isolation and the psychosocial factors associated with them in the Japanese population.

Methods

The first survey (phase 1, May 11-12, 2020) was conducted at the end of the first emergency declaration period, the second survey (phase 2, June 14-20, 2021) was conducted at the end of the third emergency declaration period, and the third survey (phase 3, May 13-30, 2022) was conducted when the state of emergency had not been declared but many COVID-19–positive cases occurred during this period. We collected data on 3892 inhabitants (n=1813, 46.58% women; age: mean 50.3, SD 13.4 y) living in the 4 prefectures where emergency declaration measures were applied in phases 1 and 2. A linear mixed model analysis was performed to examine the association between psychosocial variables as explanatory variables and loneliness scores as the dependent variable in each phase.

Results

While many psychosocial and physical variables showed improvement for the 2 years, loneliness, social isolation, and the relationship with familiar people deteriorated, and the opportunities for exercise, favorite activities, and web-based interaction with familiar people decreased. Approximately half of those experiencing social isolation in phase 1 remained isolated throughout the 2-year period, and a greater number of people developed social isolation than those who were able to resolve it. The results of the linear mixed model analysis showed that most psychosocial and physical variables were related to loneliness regardless of the phase. Regarding the variables that showed a significant interaction with the phase, increased altruistic preventive behavior and a negative outlook for the future were more strongly associated with severe loneliness in phase 3 (P=.01 to <.001), while the association between fewer social networks and stronger loneliness tended to be more pronounced in phase 2. Although the interaction was not significant, the association between reduced face-to-face interaction, poorer relationships with familiar people, and increased loneliness tended to be stronger in phase 3.

Conclusions

This study found that loneliness and social isolation remained unresolved throughout the long-term COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, in the final survey phase, these issues were influenced by a broader and more complex set of factors compared to earlier phases.
Empathic Conversational Agent Platform Designs and Their Evaluation in the Context of Mental Health: Systematic Review
Authors: Sanjeewa Ruvini , Iyer Ravi , Apputhurai Pragalathan , Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Meyer Denny
Published: July 2024

Background

The demand for mental health (MH) services in the community continues to exceed supply. At the same time, technological developments make the use of artificial intelligence–empowered conversational agents (CAs) a real possibility to help fill this gap.

Objective

The objective of this review was to identify existing empathic CA design architectures within the MH care sector and to assess their technical performance in detecting and responding to user emotions in terms of classification accuracy. In addition, the approaches used to evaluate empathic CAs within the MH care sector in terms of their acceptability to users were considered. Finally, this review aimed to identify limitations and future directions for empathic CAs in MH care.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted across 6 academic databases to identify journal articles and conference proceedings using search terms covering 3 topics: “conversational agents,” “mental health,” and “empathy.” Only studies discussing CA interventions for the MH care domain were eligible for this review, with both textual and vocal characteristics considered as possible data inputs. Quality was assessed using appropriate risk of bias and quality tools.

Results

A total of 19 articles met all inclusion criteria. Most (12/19, 63%) of these empathic CA designs in MH care were machine learning (ML) based, with 26% (5/19) hybrid engines and 11% (2/19) rule-based systems. Among the ML-based CAs, 47% (9/19) used neural networks, with transformer-based architectures being well represented (7/19, 37%). The remaining 16% (3/19) of the ML models were unspecified. Technical assessments of these CAs focused on response accuracies and their ability to recognize, predict, and classify user emotions. While single-engine CAs demonstrated good accuracy, the hybrid engines achieved higher accuracy and provided more nuanced responses. Of the 19 studies, human evaluations were conducted in 16 (84%), with only 5 (26%) focusing directly on the CA’s empathic features. All these papers used self-reports for measuring empathy, including single or multiple (scale) ratings or qualitative feedback from in-depth interviews. Only 1 (5%) paper included evaluations by both CA users and experts, adding more value to the process.

Conclusions

The integration of CA design and its evaluation is crucial to produce empathic CAs. Future studies should focus on using a clear definition of empathy and standardized scales for empathy measurement, ideally including expert assessment. In addition, the diversity in measures used for technical assessment and evaluation poses a challenge for comparing CA performances, which future research should also address. However, CAs with good technical and empathic performance are already available to users of MH care services, showing promise for new applications, such as helpline services.
Efficacy of an Artificial Intelligence App (Aysa) in Dermatological Diagnosis: Cross-Sectional Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Marri Shiva Shankar , Albadri Warood , Hyder Mohammed Salman , Janagond Ajit B , Inamadar Arun C
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Dermatology is an ideal specialty for artificial intelligence (AI)–driven image recognition to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Lack of dermatologists in many parts of the world and the high frequency of cutaneous disorders and malignancies highlight the increasing need for AI-aided diagnosis. Although AI-based applications for the identification of dermatological conditions are widely available, research assessing their reliability and accuracy is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the Aysa AI app as a preliminary diagnostic tool for various dermatological conditions in a semiurban town in India.

METHODS

This observational cross-sectional study included patients over the age of 2 years who visited the dermatology clinic. Images of lesions from individuals with various skin disorders were uploaded to the app after obtaining informed consent. The app was used to make a patient profile, identify lesion morphology, plot the location on a human model, and answer questions regarding duration and symptoms. The app presented eight differential diagnoses, which were compared with the clinical diagnosis. The model’s performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score. Comparison of categorical variables was performed with the χ2 test and statistical significance was considered at P<.05.

RESULTS

A total of 700 patients were part of the study. A wide variety of skin conditions were grouped into 12 categories. The AI model had a mean top-1 sensitivity of 71% (95% CI 61.5%-74.3%), top-3 sensitivity of 86.1% (95% CI 83.4%-88.6%), and all-8 sensitivity of 95.1% (95% CI 93.3%-96.6%). The top-1 sensitivities for diagnosis of skin infestations, disorders of keratinization, other inflammatory conditions, and bacterial infections were 85.7%, 85.7%, 82.7%, and 81.8%, respectively. In the case of photodermatoses and malignant tumors, the top-1 sensitivities were 33.3% and 10%, respectively. Each category had a strong correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the probable diagnoses (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The Aysa app showed promising results in identifying most dermatoses.
Body Composition and Energy Expenditure in Youth With Spina Bifida: Protocol for a Multisite, Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Polfuss Michele , Smith Kathryn , Hopson Betsy , Moosreiner Andrea , Huang Chiang-Ching , Ravelli Michele N , Ding Dan , Huang Zijian , Rocque Brandon G , White-Traut Rosemary , Van Speybroeck Alexander , Sawin Kathleen J
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Obesity prevalence in youth with spina bifida is higher than in their typically developing peers. Obesity is associated with lifelong medical, psychological, and economic burdens. Successful prevention or treatment of obesity in individuals with spina bifida is compromised by (1) the lack of valid and reliable methods to identify body fat in a clinical setting and (2) limited data on energy expenditure that are necessary to provide daily caloric recommendations.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study will be to develop 2 algorithms for use in youth with spina bifida in a clinical setting, one to model body fat and one to predict total daily energy expenditure. In addition, physical activity and dietary intake will be described for the sample.

METHODS

This multisite, prospective, national clinical study will enroll 232 youth with myelomeningocele aged 5 to 18 years (stratified by age and mobility). Participants will be enrolled for 1 week. Data obtained include 4 measures of body composition, up to 5 height measures, a ramped activity protocol, and a nutrition and physical activity screener. Participants will wear an accelerometer for the week. On the final study day, 2 samples of urine or saliva, which complete the doubly labeled water protocol, will be obtained. The analysis will include descriptive statistics, Bland-Altman plots, concordance correlation, and regression analysis.

RESULTS

The study received extramural federal funding in July 2019. Data collection was initiated in March 2020. As of April 2024, a total of 143 (female participants: n=76, 53.1%; male participants: n=67, 46.9%) out of 232 participants have been enrolled. Data collection is expected to continue throughout 2024. A no-cost extension until November 2025 will be requested for data analysis and dissemination of findings.

CONCLUSIONS

This study furthers previous pilot work that confirmed the acceptability and feasibility of obtaining alternate height, body composition, and energy expenditure measures. The findings from this study will enhance screening, prevention, and treatment of abnormal weight status by facilitating the accurate identification of youths’ weight status category and recommendations of daily caloric needs for this population that is at higher risk of obesity. Furthermore, the findings have the potential to impact outcomes for youth diagnosed with disabilities other than spina bifida who experience similar challenges related to alterations in body composition or fat distribution or measurement challenges secondary to mobility issues or musculoskeletal problems.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/52779
Designing a Multimodal and Culturally Relevant Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool for Black American Informal Caregivers: Cognitive Walk-Through Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bosco Cristina , Otenen Ege , Osorio Torres John , Nguyen Vivian , Chheda Darshil , Peng Xinran , Jessup Nenette M , Himes Anna K , Cureton Bianca , Lu Yvonne , Hill Carl V , Hendrie Hugh C , Barnes Priscilla A , Shih Patrick C
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Many members of Black American communities, faced with the high prevalence of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) within their demographic, find themselves taking on the role of informal caregivers. Despite being the primary individuals responsible for the care of individuals with ADRD, these caregivers often lack sufficient knowledge about ADRD-related health literacy and feel ill-prepared for their caregiving responsibilities. Generative AI has become a new promising technological innovation in the health care domain, particularly for improving health literacy; however, some generative AI developments might lead to increased bias and potential harm toward Black American communities. Therefore, rigorous development of generative AI tools to support the Black American community is needed.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to test Lola, a multimodal mobile app, which, by relying on generative AI, facilitates access to ADRD-related health information by enabling speech and text as inputs and providing auditory, textual, and visual outputs.

METHODS

To test our mobile app, we used the cognitive walk-through methodology, and we recruited 15 informal ADRD caregivers who were older than 50 years and part of the Black American community living within the region. We asked them to perform 3 tasks on the mobile app (ie, searching for an article on brain health, searching for local events, and finally, searching for opportunities to participate in scientific research in their area), then we recorded their opinions and impressions. The main aspects to be evaluated were the mobile app’s usability, accessibility, cultural relevance, and adoption.

RESULTS

Our findings highlight the users’ need for a system that enables interaction with different modalities, the need for a system that can provide personalized and culturally and contextually relevant information, and the role of community and physical spaces in increasing the use of Lola.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that, when designing for Black American older adults, a multimodal interaction with the generative AI system can allow individuals to choose their own interaction way and style based upon their interaction preferences and external constraints. This flexibility of interaction modes can guarantee an inclusive and engaging generative AI experience.
Patient-reported inpatient experiences and natural language processing: Unsupervised topic modeling to identify care experiences in free-text comments (Preprint)
Authors: Steele Brian , Fairie Paul , Kemp Kyle , D'Souza Adam G. , Wilms Matthias , Santana Maria Jose
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Patient-reported experience surveys allow administrators, clinicians, and researchers to quantify and improve healthcare by receiving feedback directly from patients. Existing research has focused primarily on quantitative analysis of survey items, but these measures may collect optional free-text comments. These comments can provide insights for health systems but may not be analyzed due to limited resources and the complexity of traditional textual analysis. However, advances in machine learning-based natural language processing (NLP) provide opportunities to learn from this traditionally underutilized data source.

OBJECTIVE

To apply natural language processing to model topics found in free-text comments of patient-reported experience surveys.

METHODS

CAHPS-derived patient experience surveys were collected and linked to administrative inpatient records by the provincial health services organization responsible for inpatient care. Unsupervised topic modeling with automated labeling was performed with BERTopic in Python. Sentiment analysis was performed using {sentimentr} in R to assist in topic description.

RESULTS

Between April 2016 and February 2020, 43.4% (n = 43,522) adult patients and 46.9% (n = 3,501) pediatric caregivers completed patient experience surveys that included free-text responses. Topic models identified 86 topics among adult survey responses and 35 topics among pediatric responses that included elements of care not currently surveyed by existing questionnaires. Frequent topics were generally positive.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that with limited tuning, BERTopic identified care experience topics with interpretable automated labeling. Results are discussed in the context of person-centered care, patient safety, and healthcare quality improvement. Further, we note the opportunity for the identification of temporal and site-specific trends as a method to identify patient care and safety concerns. As the use of patient experience measurement increases in healthcare, we discuss how machine learning can be leveraged to provide additional insight on patient experiences.
An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Text Classifier for Suicidality Prediction in Youth Crisis Text Line Users: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Thomas Julia , Lucht Antonia , Segler Jacob , Wundrack Richard , Miché Marcel , Lieb Roselind , Kuchinke Lars , Meinlschmidt Gunther
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Suicide represents a critical public health concern, and machine learning (ML) models offer the potential for identifying at-risk individuals. Recent studies using benchmark datasets and real-world social media data have demonstrated the capability of pretrained large language models in predicting suicidal ideation and behaviors (SIB) in speech and text.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to (1) develop and implement ML methods for predicting SIBs in a real-world crisis helpline dataset, using transformer-based pretrained models as a foundation; (2) evaluate, cross-validate, and benchmark the model against traditional text classification approaches; and (3) train an explainable model to highlight relevant risk-associated features.

METHODS

We analyzed chat protocols from adolescents and young adults (aged 14-25 years) seeking assistance from a German crisis helpline. An ML model was developed using a transformer-based language model architecture with pretrained weights and long short-term memory layers. The model predicted suicidal ideation (SI) and advanced suicidal engagement (ASE), as indicated by composite Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale scores. We compared model performance against a classical word-vector-based ML model. We subsequently computed discrimination, calibration, clinical utility, and explainability information using a Shapley Additive Explanations value-based post hoc estimation model.

RESULTS

The dataset comprised 1348 help-seeking encounters (1011 for training and 337 for testing). The transformer-based classifier achieved a macroaveraged area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.91) and an overall accuracy of 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.99). This performance surpassed the word-vector-based baseline model (AUC-ROC=0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.90; accuracy=0.61, 95% CI 0.61-0.80). The transformer model demonstrated excellent prediction for nonsuicidal sessions (AUC-ROC=0.96, 95% CI 0.96-0.99) and good prediction for SI and ASE, with AUC-ROCs of 0.85 (95% CI 0.97-0.86) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.88), respectively. The Brier Skill Score indicated a 44% improvement in classification performance over the baseline model. The Shapley Additive Explanations model identified language features predictive of SIBs, including self-reference, negation, expressions of low self-esteem, and absolutist language.

CONCLUSIONS

Neural networks using large language model–based transfer learning can accurately identify SI and ASE. The post hoc explainer model revealed language features associated with SI and ASE. Such models may potentially support clinical decision-making in suicide prevention services. Future research should explore multimodal input features and temporal aspects of suicide risk.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of TEM and CTX-M Beta-Lactamase Genes of Escherichia coli Isolated From Cow Milk
Authors: Aly Amr M. , Bahamdain Lina Ahmed , El-kholy Aziza S. , Alsebaey Ehab F. , M. Aly Magda , El-Halmouch Yasser H.
Published: July 2024

Objective: The study objective was to investigate the presence and antibiotic resistance of toxigenic E. coli strains in the raw milk of dairycattle and to determine the prevalence of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in the selected isolates.
Methods: Two hundred raw milk samples were collected from 20 dairy farms located in Kafr El Sheikh City.
Results: Among the samples, 60 were positive for E. coli. The sensitivity of these isolates was detected against different antibiotics. Usingthe disk diffusion test, all the isolates were resistant to at least two beta-lactam antibiotics. The resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics bythe selected E. coli was varied to be highly significant. Five percent of the tested E. coli was highly resistant with a multi-antibiotic resistant (MAR) index, of 1.0, while 8% had the lowest MAR (0.14). Both blaTEM and blaCTX-M resistant genes were detected in isolate No. 52, while, blaCTX-M was detected in isolate No. 34 and blaTEM was detected in isolates No. 9, 21, 28, and 40. The PCR products of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes were sequenced and deposited in the GenBank of the NCBI database with the accession numbers OR450046 and OR879117, respectively.
Conclusion: The macrolides group of antibiotics especially erythromycin should not be a suitable treatment of dairy herds for mastitisby E. coli in Egypt. The majority of E. coli was multiple-antibiotic resistant and co-carried many virulence genes, and it may pose a greatpotential risk to public health.
Polynomial Equivalence of Complexity Geometries
Authors: Brown Adam R.
Published: July 2024

This paper proves the polynomial equivalence of a broad class of definitions of quantum computational complexity. We study right-invariant metrics on the unitary group—often called `complexity geometries' following the definition of quantum complexity proposed by Nielsen—and delineate the equivalence class of metrics that have the same computational power as quantum circuits. Within this universality class, any unitary that can be reached in one metric can be approximated in any other metric in the class with a slowdown that is at-worst polynomial in the length and number of qubits and inverse-polynomial in the permitted error. We describe the equivalence classes for two different kinds of error we might tolerate: Killing-distance error, and operator-norm error. All metrics in both equivalence classes are shown to have exponential diameter; all metrics in the operator-norm equivalence class are also shown to give an alternative definition of the quantum complexity class BQP.

My results extend those of Nielsen et al., who in 2006 proved that one particular metric is polynomially equivalent to quantum circuits. The Nielsen et al. metric is incredibly highly curved. I show that the greatly enlarged equivalence class established in this paper also includes metrics that have modest curvature. I argue that the modest curvature makes these metrics more amenable to the tools of differential geometry, and therefore makes them more promising starting points for Nielsen's program of using differential geometry to prove complexity lowerbounds.

In a previous paper my collaborators and I—inspired by the UV/IR decoupling that happens in the phenomenon of renormalization—conjectured that high- dimensional metrics that look very different at short scales will often nevertheless give rise at long scales to the same emergent effective geometry. The results of this paper provide evidence for those conjectures, since many complexity metrics that have radically different penalty factors and therefore radically different short- distance properties are shown to belong to the same long-distance equivalence class.
Error-corrected Hadamard gate simulated at the circuit level
Authors: Gehér György P. , McLauchlan Campbell , Campbell Earl T. , Moylett Alexandra E. , Crawford Ophelia
Published: July 2024

We simulate the logical Hadamard gate in the surface code under a circuit-level noise model, compiling it to a physical circuit on square-grid connectivity hardware. Our paper is the first to do this for a logical unitary gate on a quantum error-correction code. We consider two proposals, both via patch-deformation: one that applies a transversal Hadamard gate (i.e. a domain wall through time) to interchange the logical X and Z strings, and another that applies a domain wall through space to achieve this interchange. We explain in detail why they perform the logical Hadamard gate by tracking how the stabilisers and the logical operators are transformed in each quantum error-correction round. We optimise the physical circuits and evaluate their logical failure probabilities, which we find to be comparable to those of a quantum memory experiment for the same number of quantum error-correction rounds. We present syndrome-extraction circuits that maintain the same effective distance under circuit-level noise as under phenomenological noise. We also explain how a SWAP-quantum error-correction round (required to return the patch to its initial position) can be compiled to only four two-qubit gate layers. This can be applied to more general scenarios and, as a byproduct, explains from first principles how the "stepping" circuits of the recent Google paper \cite{McEwenBaconGidney} can be constructed.
EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH HOME INDUSTRY (PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH-BASED STUDY IN GAMPONG POST-CONFLICT COT LAMME - ACEH BESAR)
Authors: Rasyidah Rasyidah , Dendi Dwi , Sakdiah Sakdiah , Maisarah Siti , Fatimah Fatimah , M Husein Mustabsyirah , Rizkitullah Harir
Published: July 2024

The service targets female home industry (HI) actors from Gampong Cot Lamme Aceh Besar who are still having social and psychological impacts due to the conflict. They tend to be pessimistic and apathetic in managing their business, even though their business contributes to the family economy. An Action Research approach was used to ensure community involvement throughout the program. The research problem formulation is how to model empowering women's home industries based on action research, strengthen home industries, and encourage community involvement, especially HI actors. The service results show that the community empowerment model is implemented through six focuses: strengthening business mentality and spirit, improving product quality, improving business management skills, expanding marketing access, and building networks. Mental strengthening of business is carried out through a religious approach based on recitation. The result was that 14 businesses had official business licensing documents, packaged products, and had diversification of salted duck egg products. Marketing is carried out with the label "Aseli Cot Lamme Poe." Meanwhile, multi-stakeholder involvement was carried out by bridging partnerships with the Islamic Community Development Study Program (PMI) FDK UIN Ar-Raniry, PLUT Aceh Besar and TP-PKK KutaBaro District.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILL ASSISTANCE FOR MARRIED COUPLES WHO ARE ALUMNI OF PRE-MARITAL COURSES AT BP4 - PARIAMAN CITY
Authors: Arif M. , Nurhasnah Nurhasnah , Afrinaldi Afrinaldi , Mahdi Yusuf Sri Andayani Binti , Surat Shahlan
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to see how far BP4 Pariaman City has a role in strengthening human psycho-social in the field of social welfare; services for alumni of post-marriage couples need to be followed up with a balanced program. The lack of psycho-social understanding of pre-marital post-marriage course graduates will have great potential to add to the long line of early marriage ages in Pariaman City. The fundamental problem that is most troubling is their ignorance of the responsibilities, rights and obligations of husband and wife in the household. To overcome this solution, the service team identified the problem of spaciousness. It mapped the problem to be treated (treatment) for the subject of service through two stages: family psychology guidance and Islamic family counseling. The first stage is pre-activity in the form of a Focus Discussion Group (FGD) presenting lecturers as participants to provide input for the mentoring action plan to be carried out. The second stage is action activities, including psychological skill assistance in family psychology and group counseling. This activity has generally received appreciation from stakeholders (BP4 Pariaman City management, pre-marital course alumni) because this program has offered various alternatives for their self-development in elaborating their knowledge to be applied in household life. The results of the reflection and evaluation of the program offered by the service conclude that they understand that a sakinah mawaddah wa rahmah household life is not achieved by material wealth but by the ability to accept oneself and have a correct understanding of an Islamic household. They understand that household problems cannot be measured only by logic. However, it includes religious and spiritual matters the human mind cannot reach. Therefore, they understand that household responsibilities are worldly matters and matters of the afterlife, which are related to God.
The art of (legal) science
Authors: Александр Иванович Бойко ,   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: July 2024

Within the framework of the social division of labor and the place of state jurisprudence among other regulatory systems designed to regulate social life, parliamentarians create rules of conduct designed only for typical situations and average citizens, and law enforcement officers are forced to apply such templates to individual cases and specific people. Thus, the reaction of the authorities turns out to be deliberately inaccurate and therefore unfair. It is corrected by various means, but the most delicate and effective – the ennobling of insensitive state law with the help of technology and extreme orientations of art as the highest layer of culture – is almost not cultivated. It is scientists who can and should correct the situation, who are engaged in free mental work every day and are not involved in law-making and the settlement of legal conflicts. The article argues for the need for legal scholars to perform this spiritual duty. It shows the connection of the attractiveness of jurisprudence with modern trends in culture and art, defines their content, differences and channels of communication with each other, on the basis of which assumptions are made about the fundamental compatibility of science and art, about the predominant need of science in art, but not vice versa, and also presents arguments for and against" the movement of law towards the beautiful. The central fragment of the article is the question of what ideals, tools and practice of art can influence the spiritualization of legal thought. The author classifies universal attitudes, private technologies, motives for striving for elegance and ways of hygiene of art into 3 categories – personal urges to creativ-ity, the ultimate socio-cultural orientations of the servants of the muses and the mechanisms of man-made maintenance of spirituality by them, shows the ways of penetration of aesthetics into jurisprudence, and also gives the names and works of representatives of criminal law science analyzing cultural fundamentals of the industry and those engaged in its spiritualization. Measures to increase the aesthetic appeal of legal science are presented to the readers and deductive knowledge is presented, the quintessence of which is the idea that a meaningful way beyond the platitudes and practicality is not contrary to the logic of legal science and its location in the social system of division of labor, assumes the individuality of a thinking scientist, strives for the ideal, is distinguished by elegance, is of particular value to cognitive activity for professionals and society.
On the issue of legal regulation of experimental artificial intelligence legal regimes in the EAEU and the EU
Authors: Евгений Олегович Соломатин ,   Государственное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение города Москвы «Школа № 2123 имени Мигеля Эрнандеса», Москва, Россия
Published: July 2024

This article covers regulatory and theoretical approaches to the governance of experimental legal regimes concerning artificial intelligence within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the European Union (EU). The author observes that the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies poses novel challenges not only of practical concern but also of legal significance. The necessity of establishing a qualitatively new legal framework for testing groundbreaking technologies is emphasized. The author identifies opportunities for their successful implementation through the mechanism of experimental legal regimes. It is concluded that the EAEU should develop an integrated legal framework to facilitate the effective operation of «regulatory sandboxes» in the realm of artificial intelligence, thereby advancing its digital agenda. Furthermore, attention is drawn to the ongoing completion of the regulatory framework for experimental legal regimes concerning artificial intelligence within the EU, suggesting that such legal insights may prove beneficial in shaping the legislation of the EAEU. A comprehensive array of methods including comparative legal analysis, functional examination, and systemic scrutiny of normative legal acts have enabled the examination of legal regulations within the EAEU and the EU, leading to the formulation of proposals for their enhancement.
On the issue of authority and responsibility of local self-government bodies as part of the unified public authority of Russia
Authors: Сергей Александрович Балаев ,   Астраханский филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Астрахань, Россия
Published: July 2024

The harmonious development of local communities is an integral attribute of strengthening the rule of law in a State governed by the rule of law, builds a balance between public interests both nationwide and at the level of individual municipalities, taking into account the relevant territorial, social, ethno-confessional and cultural specifics. Local self-government bodies are the form of government closest to the population, where the nature of citizens' perception of state administrative influence as a whole depends on the quality of the built-up interaction with the population of municipalities. Therefore, it is extremely important to build an optimal model of the functioning of local self-government bodies in cooperation with state authorities at the federal and regional levels, as well as with the population, ensuring effective legal regulation of the relevant spheres of public relations. The article identifies general patterns of the specifics of the legal regulation of the activities of municipalities, and formulates proposals to improve the efficiency of work in this area of public relations.
Characteristic features of modern information wars of a political orientation
Authors: Давид Кромвелович Григорян ,   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Евгения Николаевна Кондратенко ,   Ростовский юридический институт МВД России, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия,   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the characteristic features of information wars of a political orientation. Today, information wars are an integral element of the political system, acting as an instrument of political governance. The specificity of information warfare lies primarily in the fact that the fighting takes place in the plane of virtual space. It was revealed that the worldwide information computer network has brought information warfare to a new level, becoming a powerful tool for implementing information attacks. This trend is reflected in the political conflicts that occur within the boundaries of the information field.
Tools for developing a strategy for the development of the educational ecosystem of a university’s graduate school
Authors: Глеб Евгеньевич Глебов ,   Владимирский филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Владимир, Россия
Published: July 2024

Determining the prospects for the development of socio-economic systems is associated with the procedures for developing a strategy, usually based on the results of an analysis of external and internal environmental factors and the subsequent determination of goals, from which the core of the strategy is formed. However, the distribution of methods for implementing strategy development algorithms and their combination largely depends on the object of development. The university's postgraduate studies are specific both in terms of regulatory support and the structure of the postgraduate course itself. Of particular interest is the university’s graduate school, the structure of which is distributed across a branch network, which opens up the possibility of considering the prospects for the development of graduate school from the point of view of the ecosystem approach. The work shows that with the help of well-known methods and procedures for conducting analysis and synthesis within the framework of the proposed algorithm, it is possible to build strategic prospects for the development of a network of postgraduate schools of university branches, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the defense of postgraduate graduates, while solving the problems of the development of territories, government and business in based on synergistic effects characteristic of ecosystems.
Forecasting social behavior in the crisis conditions of Russian society: the possibilities of methodological design
Authors: Александр Владимирович Максимович ,   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: July 2024

The article examines the problem of forecasting social behavior in the crisis conditions of Russian society. Before proceeding to the consideration of this issue, the author analyzes the concept of social forecasting, highlights its main functions and stages, and notes that forecasting is associated with anticipating the direction of development of a certain social phenomenon in the future, which is realized by transferring to it ideas about how this phenomenon develops in the present. The author notes that in the conditions of the crisis state of functioning of Russian society, the value of information obtained through social forecasting techniques is manifested in the role that this information plays in determining the goals of state anti-crisis policy, the management system of socio-economic processes as a whole. After that, the author proceeds to consider the main methods of forecasting social behavior, indicates that the practice of social forecasting indicates the expediency of using combined methods, which is especially relevant in relation to forecasting social behavior. It is concluded that it is necessary to use various forecasting methods, which can make it possible to determine the dynamics of social behavior in crisis conditions with the highest degree of probability.
Social Determinants of Health Education Within Family Medicine Clerkships: A CERA Study
Authors: Gossa Weyinshet , Hawks Matthew K. , Lounsbery Jody L. , Goodie Jeffrey L.
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Social determinants of health (SDoH) education has gained popularity in undergraduate medical education; however, emphasis varies, and the curricula or assessment methods are not uniform. This study sought to examine the current SDoH teaching and assessment methods within family medicine clerkships and to identify characteristics associated with SDoH curriculum with multicomponent (two or more) teaching strategies and higher Kirkpatrick levels of assessment (Level 3-behavior change and Level 4-results).
Methods: An online survey was conducted through the 2023 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) Clerkship Directors Survey.
Results: The survey response rate was 56.8% (96/169). The degree of SDoH emphasis in the medical school was positively associated with the number of teaching strategies (r=0.48; P<.001). We found a trend toward degree of SDoH emphasis being associated with higher Kirkpatrick levels of assessment (H[3]=7.83; P=.05). Having an SDoH faculty champion was associated with more teaching strategies (F[1,77]=8.73; P=.004), more types of assessments (F[1,78]=5.88; P=.018), and higher Kirkpatrick levels of assessment (H[1]=4.46; P=.035). Underrepresented in medicine clerkship director identity was not associated with the number of teaching strategies or higher Kirkpatrick levels of assessment.
Conclusions: Greater degrees of SDoH emphasis and having a faculty champion were associated, or trended toward association, with multicomponent teaching strategies and higher Kirkpatrick levels of assessment, which prepare students to provide SDoH responsive care that could lead to reduction in health inequities.
Impacto ambiental y emisión de metano del botadero de basura de Naranjito, Guayas – Ecuador
Authors: Gavilánez-Luna Freddy , Morán Castro César , Campoverde Verdugo Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Los sitios de eliminación y acumulación de basura al aire libre concentran la contaminación del agua, el suelo y el aire; sin embargo, hay poca información sobre este problema en Ecuador. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto ambiental, incluidas las emisiones de metano, del vertedero al aire libre en Naranjito, Ecuador. Métodos: Para determinar la tasa de emisión de metano de la biomasa de residuos sólidos, aplicamos el método de cámara estática, con un dispositivo portátil, durante 15 días continuos (mayo-junio 2023) a las 08:00, 12:30 y 16:00. Para la evaluación cualitativa del impacto ambiental utilizamos la ponderación del Índice Global, basada en los impactos generados en el entorno físico y perceptual. Resultados: El Índice Global fue de 53,3, es decir, impacto crítico; la tasa media de emisión fue de 858,8mg/m²/h, superior a la tasa de emisión del suelo circundante (133,4mg/m²/h; p<0,05). Conclusión: Es urgente una alternativa de gestión sostenible para reducir la tasa de emisión de metano en Naranjito.