bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning value chains for better signals in the post-COVID era: vaccine supply chain concerns
Authors: Finkenstadt Daniel J. , Handfield Robert B.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The authors identify the critical bottlenecks that exist in the vaccine supply chain that are preventing a robust coronavirus disease (COVID) response. The authors posit that improved supply chain signals can result in improved handling and distribution of vaccines in a post-COVID world and identify recommendations for redesign of the vaccine supply chain as well as future research questions for scholars.

Design/methodology/approach

The supply chain operating reference (SCOR) model is used as a framework to identify each of the major gaps that exist in the supply chain for the COVID vaccine. The critical bottlenecks and delays that exist within this supply chain are identified through this framework and validated through the ongoing research and interviews in the field.

Findings

Whilst the vaccine supply chain for influenza is perfectly sized for development and distribution of this cyclical virus, the emergence of a new virus created a pandemic, which has exposed a number of critical shortages. The authors find that the design of the COVID vaccine supply chain suffers from a flawed structure. To date, less than 3% of the United States and global population has been fully vaccinated. The authors advocate a “back to front design”, beginning with demand planning for actual vaccinations and working backwards toward supply planning and distribution planning. These lessons may be helpful for capacity planning and supply chain strategy for future vaccinations as variants of the COVID vaccine emerge.

Originality/value

The authors provide a unique approach for viewing the current shortages that exist in the vaccine supply chain and offer suggestions for new variants of this supply chain for the future.
Sub-national union coverage and the youth's labor market outcomes: evidence from a national survey in Vietnam
Authors: Bach Thang Ngoc , Ly Dai Hung , Nguyen Viet Hung , Le Thanh
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper examines the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

In the context of the private business sector in Vietnam, this study link individual labor market data with union coverage at provincial level in the period 2013–2016 to investigate the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes. Contingent on the outcome variable, we use the OLS and probit model that control for diverse individual characteristics, year- and industry-fixed effects, and particularly control for selection bias in the labor market.

Findings

The empirical results show that the union coverage is positively associated with a wide range of the youth's labor market outcomes, including employment status, wage rate, work hour, and job formality. Also, the coverage is complementary to individual labor contract in determining the youth's wage rate.

Practical implication

Our empirical results indicate positive associations between union coverage and the youth's multi-dimensional labor market outcomes, which contribute to this young age cohort's smooth school-to-work transition, provided that the role of trade union is challenged both in developing and developed countries.

Originality/value

This study provides an in-depth study on the interplay between trade union and the youth's labor market outcomes that contributes to the literature of labor market institutions and youth employment policies in a dynamic transitional economy of Vietnam.
Assessing the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey with a novel economic uncertainty index
Authors: Mugaloglu Erhan , Polat Ali Yavuz , Tekin Hasan , Kılıç Edanur
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to measure economic uncertainty in Turkey by a novel economic uncertainty index (EUI) employing principal component analysis (PCA). We assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey with our constructed uncertainty index.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to obtain the EUI, this study employs a dimension reduction method of PCA using 14 macroeconomic indicators that spans from January 2011 to July 2020. The first principal component is picked as a proxy for the economic uncertainty in Turkey which explains 52% of total variation in entire sample. In the second part of our analysis, with our constructed EUI we conduct a structural vector autoregressions (SVAR) analysis simulating the Covid-19-induced uncertainty shock to the real economy.

Findings

Our EUI sensitively detects important economic/political events in Turkey as well as Covid-19-induced uncertainty rising to extremely high levels during the outbreak. Our SVAR results imply a significant decline in economic activity and in the sub-indices as well. Namely, industrial production drops immediately by 8.2% and cumulative loss over 8 months will be 15% on average. The losses in the capital and intermediate goods are estimated to be 18 and 25% respectively. Forecast error variance decomposition results imply that uncertainty shocks preserve its explanatory power in the long run, and intermediate goods production is more vulnerable to uncertainty shocks than overall industrial production and capital goods production.

Practical implications

The results indicate that monetary and fiscal policy should aim to decrease uncertainty during Covid-19. Moreover, since investment expenditures are affected severely during the outbreak, policymakers should impose investment subsidies.

Originality/value

This is the first study constructing a novel EUI which sensitively captures the critical economic/political events in Turkey. Moreover, we assess the impact of Covid-19-driven uncertainty on Turkish Economy with a SVAR model.
Income and healthcare financing system in the United States: an asymmetric analysis
Authors: Barati Mehdi , Fariditavana Hadiseh
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to first assess how the US healthcare financing system is influenced by income variation. Then, it examines whether or not the impact of income variation is asymmetric.

Design/methodology/approach

For the analyses of this paper, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is implemented to a data set covering the period from 1960 to 2018.

Findings

The results provide evidence that major funding sources of aggregate healthcare expenditure (HCE) respond differently to changes in income. The results also imply that the effect of income is not always symmetric.

Originality/value

Many studies have attempted to identify the relationship between income and HCE. A common feature of past studies is that they have only focused on aggregate HCE, while one might be interested in knowing how major funders of aggregate HCE would be affected by changes in income. Another common feature of past studies is that they have assumed that the relationship between income and HCE is symmetric.
Perceptions of white-collar crime registries
Authors: Jasperson Jill O. , Dearden Thomas E. , Miller Ronald Mellado
Published: June 2021

Purpose

In 2015, Utah enacted the first white-collar crime (WCC) registry. Similar to sex offender registries, this registry provides demographic information to the public. Utah’s law includes convicted offenders of second-degree felonies for a variety of non-violent, financial crimes, including securities fraud, insurance fraud and theft by deception (H.B. 378, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to examine the perceptions of this new registry.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was built in 2016 to better understand the perceptions of said WCC registry. This paper considers the relationships between demographic variables, fear of crime and support for Utah’s WCC registry using data from over 968 university students in Utah.

Findings

The authors find strong support for the registry, with 76% of the sample supporting its implementation. Only one variable, social political affiliation, was significant. Those who defined themselves as social strong liberals were more likely to select somewhat support rather than definitely support the registry.

Originality/value

This is the first paper that we know of to examine support for a WCC registry.
Effect of intellectual capital and entrepreneurial orientation on innovation performance of manufacturing SMEs: mediating role of knowledge sharing
Authors: Hanifah Haniruzila , Abd Halim Nursyamimi , Vafaei-Zadeh Ali , Nawaser Khaled
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Manufacturing sectors are identified to be of the foremost importance expected to increase Malaysia's GDP contribution to the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (11th MP). The present study aims to examine the effects of intellectual capital and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on knowledge sharing in manufacturing SMEs. The impact of intellectual capital and EO on firms' innovation performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is accordingly investigated by considering knowledge sharing as the mediator.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected via a questionnaire consisting of the owners or top managers of 121 manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia. Partial least square (PLS) was used to analyze the obtained data.

Findings

Results indicated that human capital, as well as external relational capital, has a positive correlation with both knowledge sharing and innovation performance mediated by knowledge sharing. It was also shown that knowledge sharing has a significant impact on firm innovation performance. Interestingly, structural capital, internal relational capital and (EO) did not significantly impact knowledge sharing and innovation performance. However, all of these elements are important to influence the firm's innovation performance.

Practical implications

The study contributes to the literature on intellectual capital, entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge sharing and innovation through developing and testing the possible connections among them. The finding of this study will provide owners and top managers in manufacturing SMEs insight into the variables improving firm innovation performance.

Originality/value

This study provides a basis for researchers to reach more mounting evidence about the practice of knowledge sharing and innovation performance among manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia.
Intellectual capital and dividend policy: the effect of CEO characteristics
Authors: Battisti Enrico , Nirino Niccolò , Christofi Michael , Vrontis Demetris
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The paper aims to empirically test the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on a firm's dividend policy. Further, the authors investigate the moderator effect of Chief Executive Officer's (CEO) characteristics (gender, age and education) on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was carried out on the main Chinese listed companies reported on the CSI 100 Index from 2016 to 2018. To assess the impact of IC on the dividend policy and then the moderating effect of the characteristics of the CEOs, the authors used a fixed effects panel data analysis.

Findings

The results suggest a positive impact of IC on dividend policies. In addition, this relationship is enhanced when the CEO is a woman, and the lower the age the higher the effect is.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study that explores the effect of IC on a firm's dividend policy in an emerging country. Specifically, this paper demonstrates the impact that IC has on the creation of shareholder value. Furthermore, considering the characteristics of the CEOs, this study tests new moderating effects in the relationship between IC and value creation and highlights how IC, dividends and CEO characteristics can be useful in aligning interests between ownership and management, enriching the debate on agency theory.
Economic benefits and the geographic aspect of business behaviour
Authors: Rwehumbiza Deusdedit Augustine , Sakijege Tumpale
Published: June 2021

Purpose

While existing research confirms that hazardous locations increase fear and decrease entrepreneurial intentions, there is only limited knowledge on why and how business managers decide to invest in flood-prone areas to create economic benefits. The purpose of this paper is to employ location and protection motivation theories as complementary lenses for this investigation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were purposively collected from ten businesses. Then, using MAXQDA 2018 software programme for qualitative data, a systematic content analysis was carried out to draw empirical insights from the selected cases.

Findings

Consistent with both location and protection motivation theories, research findings show that strategic location, proximity to supporting and related businesses, availability of public goods, lack of alternative locations and proximity to social services are the key drivers related to location decisions. Furthermore, the economic benefits gained from flood-prone areas overshadow the adverse impact of floods, compelling business managers to apply structural and non-structural strategies to overcome flood risks.

Originality/value

This is a pioneering phenomenon-based research contributing to the understanding of the geographic aspect of business behaviour by explaining why and how business managers decide to invest in flood-prone instead of safer areas. It differs from previous studies by building on the overlooked complementarities between location theory and protection motivation theory in explaining the economic benefits accruing from flood-prone areas. Finally, the study calls for business managers and policy advisers to safely align the use of flood-prone areas with income-generating activities.
Twitter as a clique: journalists' patterns of Twitter use in Israel
Authors: Laor Tal
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Approximately 75% of journalists in Western society maintain a Twitter account. This significant presence underscores Twitter's impact on the public agenda. The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of journalists' practices on Twitter, from the perspective of journalists in Israel, and explore whether journalists use Twitter's potential as a pluralistic platform of expression.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted in-depth interviews with leading journalists working on traditional media and those active on Twitter in Israel.

Findings

Although Twitter is an open, inclusive platform for opinion exchange, in which journalists have a sense of unfettered freedom of expression, findings indicate that in Israel, Twitter effectively functions as an echo chamber used by a clique of journalists and politicians in a manner than reifies the hegemonic system. The majority of the public do not use Twitter to draw attention to contentious issues, and journalists almost exclusively continue to set and control the agenda on this platform. As a result, journalists become even more disconnected from society. Therefore, Twitter has been found to be a complementary platform to traditional media that helps to preserve the existing social order.

Social implications

This paper offers not only a theoretical contribution but also social relevance, as the topics and issues discussed in the paper might concern citizens and policymakers. This paper contributes to the debate on freedom of the press, which is an important principle of pluralism and democracy. This study illustrates that the general public's opinions remain unheard-of on Twitter. Therefore, despite its potential to express a variety of opinions and voices, Twitter does not undermine the existing social order, but it is one of the cultural frameworks that help preserve the existing social order and reinforce it through uniform conformity thinking.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research lies in its identification and analysis of the characteristics of the Twitter scene, its meanings and its implications from the perspective of journalists. In addition, this research investigates the relationships forged in the Twitter space between journalists and politicians and among journalists themselves.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-07-2020-0324
Determining factors of participants' attitudes toward the ethics of social media data research
Authors: Chen Yi , Chen Chuanfu , Li Si
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the participants' attitudes toward the ethical issues caused by collecting social media data (SMD) for research, as well as the effects of familiarity, trust and altruism on the participants' attitudes toward the ethics of SMD research. It is hoped that through this study, scholars will be reminded to respect participants and engage in ethical reflection when using SMD in research.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted social media users as its research subjects and used Sina Microblog, the world's largest Chinese social media platform, as the example. Based on the 320 valid responses collected from a survey, structural equation modeling was employed to examine the research model.

Findings

The results indicated that altruism, familiarity and trust have significant influences on participants' attitudes toward the ethics of SMD research, and familiarity also influences attitudes through the mediating role of trust and altruism.

Originality/value

This study explored the mechanism underlying the relationship between the determining factors and participants' attitudes toward the ethics of SMD research, and the results demonstrated that the informed consent mechanism is an effective way to communicate with participants and that the guiding responsibility of the platform should be improved to standardize SMD research.
Selective visual attention skills differentially predict decoding and reading comprehension performance across reading ability profiles
Authors: Lancaster Hope Sparks , Li Jing , Gray Shelley
Published: June 2021

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between selective visual attention (SVA), reading decoding, listening comprehension and reading comprehension in children with and without a reading disorder.

Methods

We used longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We split children into four groups: Typical Readers, Dyslexics, Poor Comprehenders and Comorbid Reading Disorder. We included measures of single word reading, nonword reading, spelling, phonological processing, vocabulary, receptive language, nonverbal intelligence, selective attention and reading comprehension. We used analysis of variance, correlations and structural equation modelling to examine the relationship between SVA and reading. We fit two possible models: SVA Indirect and SVA Direct. The difference between these models was the inclusion of a direct path from SVA to reading comprehension.

Results

We examined an indirect model, where SVA predicted reading comprehension through word decoding and listening comprehension, and a direct model, which included a pathway from SVA to reading comprehension. Based on our analysis of variance and correlation results, we collapsed the Dyslexic, Poor Comprehenders and Comorbid Reading Disorder groups for the structural equation modelling. We found evidence that for Typical Readers, an indirect model was the best fit, whereas the direct model was the best model for children with a reading disorder.

Conclusions

Selective visual attention is related to reading comprehension. This relationship differs for children with and without a reading disorder.
Vaginal bacterial load in the second trimester is associated with early preterm birth recurrence: a nested case–control study
Authors: Goodfellow L , Verwijs MC , Care A , Sharp A , Ivandic J , Poljak B , Roberts D , Bronowski C , Gill AC , Darby AC , Alfirevic A , Muller‐Myhsok B , Alfirevic Z , van de Wijgert JHHM
Published: June 2021

Objective

To assess the association between vaginal microbiome (VMB) composition and recurrent early spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB)/preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Design

Nested case–control study.

Setting

UK tertiary referral hospital.

Sample

High‐risk women with previous sPTB/PPROM <34+0 weeks’ gestation who had a recurrence (n = 22) or delivered at ≥37+0 weeks without PPROM (n = 87).

Methods

Vaginal swabs collected between 15 and 22 weeks’ gestation were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 16S quantitative PCR.

Main outcome measure

Recurrent early sPTB/PPROM.

Results

Of the 109 high‐risk women, 28 had anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis, with the remainder dominated by lactobacilli (Lactobacillus iners 36/109, Lactobacillus crispatus 23/109, or other 22/109). VMB type and diversity were not associated with recurrence. Women with a recurrence, compared to those without, had a higher median vaginal bacterial load (8.64 versus 7.89 log10 cells/mcl, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.90, 95% CI 1.01–3.56, P = 0.047) and estimated Lactobacillus concentration (8.59 versus 7.48 log10 cells/mcl, aOR 2.35, (95% CI 1.20–4.61, P = 0.013). A higher recurrence risk was associated with higher median bacterial loads for each VMB type after stratification, although statistical significance was reached only for L. iners domination (aOR 3.44, 95% CI 1.06–11.15, P = 0.040). Women with anaerobic dysbiosis or L. iners domination had a higher median vaginal bacterial load than women with a VMB dominated by L. crispatus or other lactobacilli (8.54, 7.96, 7.63, and 7.53 log10 cells/mcl, respectively).

Conclusions

Vaginal bacterial load is associated with early sPTB/PPROM recurrence. Domination by lactobacilli other than L. iners may protect women from developing high bacterial loads. Future PTB studies should quantify vaginal bacteria and yeasts.

Tweetable abstract

Increased vaginal bacterial load in the second trimester may be associated with recurrent early spontaneous preterm birth.
The Australian Acoustic Observatory
Authors: Roe Paul , Eichinski Philip , Fuller Richard A. , McDonald Paul G. , Schwarzkopf Lin , Towsey Michael , Truskinger Anthony , Tucker David , Watson David M.
Published: June 2021

Fauna surveys are traditionally manual, and hence limited in scale, expensive and labour‐intensive. Low‐cost hardware and storage mean that acoustic recording now has the potential to efficiently build scale in terrestrial fauna surveys, both spatially and temporally.

With this aim, we have constructed the Australian Acoustic Observatory. It provides a direct and permanent record of terrestrial soundscapes through continuous recording across Australian ecoregions, including those periodically subject to fire and flood, when manual surveys are dangerous or impossible.

The observatory comprises 360 permanent listening stations deployed across Australia. Groups of four sensors are deployed at each of 90 sites, placed strategically across ecoregions, to provide representative datasets of soundscapes. Each station continuously records sound, resulting in year‐round data collection. All data are made freely available under an open access licence.

The Australian Acoustic Observatory is the world's first terrestrial acoustic observatory of this size. It provides continental‐scale environmental monitoring of unparalleled spatial extent, temporal resolution and archival stability. It enables new approaches to understanding ecosystems, long‐term environmental change, data visualization and acoustic science that will only increase in scientific value over time, particularly as others replicate the design in other parts of the world.
HumBug – An Acoustic Mosquito Monitoring Tool for use on budget smartphones
Authors: Sinka Marianne E. , Zilli Davide , Li Yunpeng , Kiskin Ivan , Msaky Dickson , Kihonda Japhet , Mkandawile Gustav , Kaindoa Emmanuel , Killeen Gerry , Zanga Josue , Metelo Emery , Kirkham Daniel , Mansiangi Paul , Herreros-Moya Eva , Rafique Waqas , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Tisgratog Rungarun , Wang Lawrence , Chan Henry , Gutteridge Benjamin , Portwood Henry , Roberts Stephen , Willis Kathy J.
Published: June 2021

Mosquito surveys are time‐consuming, expensive and can provide a biased spatial sample of occurrence data—the data often representing the location of the surveys, not the occurrence of the mosquitoes.

We present the HumBug project, an acoustic system that can turn any Android smartphone into a mosquito sensor. Our sensor has the potential to significantly increase the quantity of mosquito occurrence data as well as access locations that are more difficult to survey by traditional means.

We describe our database of wild‐captured mosquito fight tone audio data and outline our mosquito detection algorithms that these data train. We also present our MozzWear App, designed to work on budget smartphones, which, together with our HumBug Net (an adapted traditional bednet), facilitates data collection and allows the user to record and directly upload mosquito flight tones from any dwelling with a bednet in the field.

Our HumBug system has the potential to vastly increase our understanding of the distribution of mosquito species in space and time and greatly improve surveys needed to assess the success or failure of ongoing vector control measures. At a time when the WHO reports a plateauing in the decade‐long decline in malaria mortality rates, this new technological solution for surveying mosquito vectors will provide a timely new resource.
No change in plasma potassium concentration during 10 minutes of apnoea: An observational study on potential organ donors
Authors: Benterud Bjørn P. , Lindenskov Paal H. H. , Rosseland Leiv A.
Published: June 2021

Background

Acute acidosis can increase the plasma potassium concentration. However, data on the effects of acute respiratory acidosis on plasma potassium concentration are conflicting. This study aimed to determine whether acute respiratory acidosis induces an immediate increase in plasma potassium concentration.

Methods

This observational study was conducted on participants undergoing apnoea testing prior to final radiological examination, registered in an internal quality registry at Oslo University Hospital between 25 April 2013 and 1 May 2020. A total of 124 donors were assessed for inclusion. Sixteen donors with blood glucose concentrations exceeding 10 mmol L−1 were excluded; finally, data from 108 donors were included in the study. The apnoea test, which is a standard neurological test performed in potential organ donors prior to radiological confirmation of ceased brain circulation, induces respiratory acidosis. The arterial plasma potassium concentration, pH and PaCO2 before and after the apnoea test were compared. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired t test.

Results

The pre‐apnoea and post‐apnoea mean plasma potassium concentrations were 3.79 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 3.70–3.87) and 3.79 mmol L−1 (95% CI 3.70–3.88), respectively. The mean difference was −0.002 mmol L−1 (95% CI −0.04 to 0.04); the difference was not significant. The pre‐apnoea and post‐apnoea mean pH were 7.39 and 7.21, respectively, and the mean difference was 0.175 (P < .01). The pre‐apnoea and post‐apnoea mean PaCO2 were 5.66 and 9.48 kPa, respectively, and the mean difference was −3.83 (P < .01).

Conclusions

Acute respiratory acidosis does not lead to rapid changes in plasma potassium concentration during apnoea testing in potential organ donors.
The presence, morphology and clinical significance of vertebral body malformations in an Australian population of French Bulldogs and Pugs
Authors: Brown JD , Podadera J , Ward M , Goldsmid S , Simpson DJ
Published: June 2021

Objective

To describe the incidence, morphology and clinical significance of congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) in two breeds of brachycephalic dogs presenting to a referral veterinary hospital.

Design

Prospective cohort study series.

Materials and methods

Forty‐nine French Bulldogs and Pugs were prospectively evaluated and placed in one of two groups based on whether or not they presented for neurological signs referable to spinal cord disease. A computed tomography (CT) of their entire spine was obtained and the presence and classification of CVM along with the degree of spinal kyphosis recorded for all dogs. Statistical analysis was performed to identify clinical associations between these factors (P < 0.05).

Results

CVM were prevalent across both breeds with the French Bulldog having more malformations than the Pug (Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance, P < 0.0001). Breed associated vertebral malformation subtypes included butterfly subtype in French Bulldogs (Chi‐square, P = 0.0002), and transitional subtype in Pugs (odds ratio, 22.7; P = 0.000). A new subtype, dorsal wedge, was observed in 12 cases. The presence, number and subtype of vertebral malformation were not reliable for predicting the development of neurological signs across both breeds (Chi‐square, P > 0.05). However, spinal kyphosis >35° calculated via Cobb angle was associated with Pugs that had neurological deficits (Chi‐square, P = 0.028).

Conclusions

Congenital vertebral malformations largely appear to be incidental findings in this population of French Bulldogs but are of more significance in the Pug breed when spinal kyphosis is >35°. French Bulldogs that have spinal cord disease and CVM are more likely to have pathology distant to CVM with intervertebral disc herniation most common.
Generalization of a genetic risk score for time to first albuminuria in children with sickle cell anaemia: SCCRIP cohort study results
Authors: Rashkin Sara R. , Rampersaud Evadnie , Kang Guolian , Ataga Kenneth I. , Hankins Jane S. , Wang Winfred , Estepp Jeremie H. , Weiss Mitchell J. , Lebensburger Jeffrey , Zahr Rima S.
Published: June 2021

Albuminuria predicts kidney disease progression in individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA); however, earlier prediction of kidney disease with introduction of reno‐protective therapies prior to the onset of albuminuria may attenuate disease progression. A genetic risk score (GRS) for SCA‐related nephropathy may provide an improved one‐time test for early identification of high‐risk patients. We utilized a GRS from a recent, large, trans‐ethnic meta‐analysis to identify three single nucleotide polymorphisms that associate individually and in a GRS with time to first albuminuria episode in children with SCA.
Street vending in the metropolis: Proximity, distance, and emotions between migrants and tourists in Paris
Authors: Cattan Nadine , Frétigny Jean‐Baptiste
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on the role played by migrants in the informal economy in the emblematic tourist sites of a Global North metropolis, paying heed to their interactions with tourists. It investigates the acceptability of the migrants’ presence by probing the distance or proximity of tourists to migrant vendors. Our key hypothesis is that these subaltern assert a certain right to the city by mastering interpersonal distances with others and changing the dominant meaning attached to major tourist sites. This research draws on in‐depth fieldwork carried out in four of Paris's most famous attractions: the Eiffel Tower, Notre‐Dame, Montmartre, and the Louvre. It is based on ethnographic observations, 75 interviews in five languages with tourists, and 29 interviews with actors in the informal economy, often street vendors. Analyzing this research material has allowed us to conceptualize a wide range of strategies by which migrants negotiate their place in the city. We highlight three modalities of proxemic relationships between tourists and migrants that shape the multi‐scalar emotional experiences of these sites. These complex (im)possible proximities help us better grasp how a translocal and progressive sense of place is at stake, in the very heart of a global city.
Granuloma anulare und maligne kutane Lymphome: Gibt es eine Assoziation beider Erkrankungen?
Authors: Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi , Vogt Thomas
Published: June 2021

In den vergangenen Jahren wurden mehrfach Assoziationen des Granuloma anulare mit malignen kutanen Lymphomen im Sinne einer fakultativen Paraneoplasie beobachtet. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuelle Literatur zum Granuloma anulare zu geben sowie seine Assoziation mit kutanen Lymphomen zu prüfen. Am Beispiel zweier Patienten mit Granuloma anulare und kutanen Lymphomen möchten wir klinisch tätige Dermatologen sowie Dermatopathologen für die mögliche Koinzidenz dieser beiden Erkrankungen sensibilisieren.

Es werden charakterisierende Merkmale und klinisch‐pathologische Warnsignale genannt, die den Verdacht auf ein malignes Lymphom lenken können. Es wird empfohlen, bei ungewöhnlichen klinischen Konstellationen (zum Beispiel Verteilungsmuster, subjektive Beschwerden, Alter bei Erstmanifestation, fehlendes Ansprechen auf konventionelle Therapie) an ein zugrundeliegendes kutanes und/oder extrakutanes Lymphom zu denken, insbesondere bei Fehlen anderer bekannter klinischer Auslöser des Granuloma anulare wie Insektenstiche, Traumata oder Varizella‐Zoster‐Infektionen.

Trotz umfangreicher Literaturrecherche und Untersuchung der bekannten Fälle von Granuloma anulare und malignen Lymphomen lässt sich weiterhin nicht abschließend feststellen, ob das Granuloma anulare paraneoplastisch bei Lymphomen vorkommt oder ob es sich um eine Koexistenz handelt. Jedoch können im Einzelfall die oben genannten Faktoren ein Lymphom‐Screening rechtfertigen.
Aggregation behaviors of young nymphs inPanesthia angustipennis spadica(Blaberidae)
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Osawa Naoya
Published: June 2021

The wood‐feeding cockroachPanesthia angustipennis spadicaShiraki (Blaberidae) lives in a tunnel of decayed logs and is considered as gregarious species. However, decayed logs are distributed in a forest in clumps, and woody tunnels in decaying logs provide a semi‐enclosed environment for nymphs. We performed laboratory experiments to determine whether first‐ and second‐instar nymphs ofP. angustipennis spadicashow gregariousness in small spaces like woody tunnels. We also compared the aggregation intensity of sibling groups and mixed groups in the second instar. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that both the first‐ and second‐instar nymphs show gregariousness, with no difference in aggregation behavior regardless of kin relatedness. These results suggest that non‐kin‐based gregariousness may help to maintain colonies ofP. angustipennis spadicathat contain individuals derived from multiple families in a field.
Online one pass clustering of data streams based on growing neural gas and fuzzy inference systems
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Ali , Kuchaki Rafsanjani Marjan , Javidi Mohammad Masoud
Published: June 2021

The clustering of big data streams has become a challenging task due to time and space constraints of the hardware and decreasing accuracy when the dimensionality of input data grows in time. In this paper, fuzzy growing neural gas is introduced, an online fuzzy approach for clustering data streams based on the growing neural gas algorithm, by adopting more restrictive criteria for selecting the winner nodes in the topological graph constructed at each iteration of the algorithm. The algorithm is tested on public datasets, and the results show improvements over existing clustering methods.
Human immunodeficiency virus and solid organ transplantation: a 15‐year retrospective audit at a tertiary Australian transplant centre
Authors: Griffin David W. J. , Kotecha Sakhee , Basu Gopal , Gow Paul , Lau Jillian S. Y. , Morrissey Catherine O. , Hoy Jennifer F.
Published: June 2021

Background

The incidence of end‐stage organ disease in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) is increasing, as people live longer due to potent, tolerable antiretroviral therapy (ART). Consequently, the number of PLWH who would benefit from solid organ transplant (SOT) is rising. The SOT experience in PLWH in Australia remains limited.

Aim

To retrospectively review the outcomes for SOT in PLWH at our service, in Victoria, Australia.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of PLWH undergoing SOT over a 15‐year period was performed. Adult PLWH age >18 years were eligible and identified from the Victorian HIV Service database. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise baseline demographics and clinical data, and outcomes following SOT.

Results

Nine virologically suppressed PLWH underwent SOT from HIV‐negative donors (five kidneys, two livers and two bilateral sequential lung transplants). All patients were male, with a median age of 57.3 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 54.3–60.1) and CD4 count of 485 (IQR = 342–835) at transplantation, and comorbidities were common at baseline. After a median follow up of 3.9 years (IQR = 2.7–7.6), 8 (89%) patents were alive, 7 (78%) had functioning grafts, although 5 (56%) experienced organ rejection. Infections were common. Two patients required modification to their ART due to significant drug−drug interactions prior to transplant, while 5 (56%) had modifications post‐SOT. No patients experienced HIV virologic failure.

Conclusion

PLWH with end‐stage organ disease experience good clinical and functional outcomes and should be considered for SOT where indicated. However, multidisciplinary planning and care is essential to optimise care in this patient group.
Central sensitivity and fibromyalgia
Authors: Mezhov Veronica , Guymer Emma , Littlejohn Geoffrey
Published: June 2021

Fibromyalgia presents with symptoms of widespread pain, fatigue, sleeping and cognitive disturbances as well as other somatic symptoms. It often overlaps with other conditions termed ‘central sensitivity syndromes’, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and temporomandibular disorder. Central sensitisation, mediated by amplified processing in the central nervous system, has been identified as the key pathogenic mechanism in these disorders. The term ‘central sensitivity’ can be used to describe collectively the clinical presentation of these disorders. Fibromyalgia is highly prevalent in most rheumatic diseases as well as non‐rheumatic chronic diseases and if unrecognised results in high morbidity. It is diagnosed clinically after excluding important differential diagnoses. Diagnostic criteria have been developed as tools to help identify and diagnose fibromyalgia. Such tools can fulfil an important need when managing patients with rheumatic disease and other chronic diseases as a way to identify fibromyalgia and improve patient outcomes. Treatment involves an integrated approach including education, exercise, stress reduction and pharmacological therapies targeting the central nervous system. This approach is suitable for all presentations of central sensitivity and some central sensitivity syndromes have additional treatment options specific to the clinical presentation.
Skin in the game: The professionalization of lived experience roles in mental health
Authors: Roennfeldt Helena , Byrne Louise
Published: June 2021

The lived experience workforce has moved from being a grassroots support and activist movement to become the fastest growing workforce within mental health. As lived experience work becomes assimilated within mainstream mental health service delivery, it faces mounting pressure to become more professionalized. Professionalization has evoked both optimism and fear, with diverging views within the lived experience workforce. In this paper, an assessment of the existing professionalization of the lived experience workforce is undertaken by drawing on theoretical positions and indices of what constitutes a profession. The arguments for and against professionalization are explored to identify the risks, benefits, and considerations for the lived experience workforce. The drive for professionalization has largely occurred due to the clinically focused mental health systems’ valuing of professional identity. The argument in favour of professionalization is motivated by a need for credibility within the views of that system, as well as greater regulation of the workforce. However, tensions are acknowledged with concerns that professionalization to appeal to the clinically focused system may lead to erosion of the values and uniqueness of lived experience work and nullify its effectiveness as an alternative and complementary role. Given mental health nurses are increasingly colleagues and often line managers of lived experience workers, it is important at this stage of lived experience workforce development that mental health nurses understand and are able to advocate for lived experience roles as a distinct professional discipline to help avoid the risks of co‐option to more dominant clinical practice.
Labor‐Management Partnerships' Effects On Unionists' Interaction Networks: Evidence From Us Public Schools
Authors: McCarthy John E.
Published: June 2021

Industrial Relations scholars have argued that labor‐management partnerships influence union leaders' communication patterns within organizations. To date, however, these arguments have lacked theoretical clarity, as well as strong empirical support. We address this gap by developing and testing hypotheses that concern how the emergence of labor‐management partnerships shape union leaders' communication patterns within and between worksites (Study 1), as well as how these communications patterns associate with frontline workers' attitudes about their jobs and their union leader (Study 2). We test our hypotheses using multi‐source, multi‐year data from the context of U.S. public schools.
Soybean seed growth dynamics exposed to heat and water stress during the filling period under field conditions
Authors: Veas Rodolfo E. A. , Ergo Verónica V. , Vega Claudia R. C. , Lascano Ramiro H. , Rondanini Deborah P. , Carrera Constanza S.
Published: June 2021

Soybean production can be affected by heat (HS) and water stress (WS). However, studies on effects of stresses combination under field conditions are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of HS, WS and their interaction (HS × WS) during seed filling on seed weight, seed growth rate (SGR) and seed filling duration (SFD) of same phenological age pods from different canopy positions. Two soybean genotypes were exposed to four treatments during seed filling: control (irrigated plots at ambient temperature), HS (plots under temperatures >32°C for 6 hr/day during 15 days), WS (plots under 25% of soil water content, during entire seed filling) and HS × WS. Stresses interaction caused similar responses to WS alone, decreasing yield and its components (seed number and weight), as well as seed weight for each canopy position (SWCP), SGR and SFD. Non‐significant effect of irrigated HS and non‐additive effects was observed in HS × WS plots, exhibiting WS a dominant effect over HS. The SWCP strongly correlated with SGR, exhibiting upper position a trend to higher SWCP than lower one. Seed maximum water content and pod weight, positively associated with SWCP, indicated seed metabolic limitations under WS and HS × WS. Our results advance in the understanding of SW determination under abiotic stresses and highlight the importance of identifying pods of same phenological age to establish accurate comparisons between seeds from different canopy positions.
A polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process model for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)
Authors: Santhosh Unni , Ahmad Jalees , Easler Timothy , Gowayed Yasser
Published: June 2021

This work describes a physics‐based model to simulate the polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) manufacturing process for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Models have been developed to characterize volumetric distribution of constituents and track porosity inside the composite at different PIP stages utilizing test data from TGA and DSC characterization of a commercial preceramic polymer. Laboratory experiments were done using C/SiC CMC specimens manufactured with a variable number of PIP cycles in order to obtain inputs for the models, and the analytical results have been shown to agree with porosity determined from physical measurements.
Nonlinear dielectric response and positive dielectric tunability in antipolar CaTiSiO5
Authors: Murata Tomoki , Asaka Toru , Hirose Sakyo
Published: June 2021

Dielectric tunability has been extensively investigated in ferroelectric materials, which exhibit a negative tunability of dielectric permittivity in an external electric field. In contrast, positive tunability is rare and has been reported only in a few antiferroelectric materials. We present positive (and negative) tunability in the titanite, CaTiSiO5. The dielectric property of CaTiSiO5 was measured up to an extraordinarily high electric field of 40 MV/m. A nonlinear polarization field loop with no hysteresis was obtained. The dielectric permittivity of εr ~ 25 increases up to εr ~ 40 at 20 MV/m and room temperature. Although titanite has an antipolar structure and is expected to be “antiferroelectric,” its dielectric response in high electric fields up to ~40 MV/m differs from that of conventional antiferroelectrics. We demonstrate that the phase‐transition temperature and dielectric tunability could be modulated through the chemical substitution of Ca1−xLaxTiSi1−xAlxO5, in which the destabilization of the long‐range antipolar order is revealed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. These results indicate that the observed dielectric response to an electric field may originate from the unique features of the antipolar and domain structures in CaTiSiO5.
“I felt like it would’ve been perfect, if they hadn’t been rushing”: Black women’s childbirth experiences with medical providers when accompanied by perinatal support professionals
Authors: Collins Cyleste C. , Rice Heather , Bai Rong , Brown Portia L. , Bronson Cassaundra , Farmer Christin
Published: June 2021

Aims

This study examined the nature and characteristics of Black women's interactions with medical providers during childbirth when accompanied by a perinatal support professional (PSP; similar to a doula).

Design

The design was qualitative, and a phenomenological approach was employed to examine the meaning of women's experiences.

Methods

We conducted in‐depth interviews with 25 Black women enrolled in a perinatal support program in Cleveland, Ohio, in late 2017 and early 2018, exploring their interactions with medical providers, the meaning of their experiences, and the roles their PSPs played.

Results

Clients broadly categorized experiences as positive or negative. When medical providers respected them, their birth plans and/or collaborated with PSPs, women reported more positive experiences. They associated negative experiences with providers having their own timelines and agendas, and women perceiving their needs were unheard and/or disrespected.

Conclusion

The findings emphasize the need for medical providers to be patient‐centred, set aside assumptions, treat their patients as experts, value women's knowledge and voice, and treat patients and their supports as part of the team.

Impact

Findings support the importance of having a knowledgeable but non‐medical support person present during birth. We discuss implications for how empowerment may be a tool to achieving better birth outcomes.