bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yerli ve Yabancı Ticari Kahverengi Yumurtacı Tavukların Serbest (Free-Range) Yetiştirme Sisteminde Verim Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Türker İsmail , Alkan Sezai , Akçay Serpil
Published: July 2017

Araştırma serbest sistem yumurta tavukçuluğunda kullanılacak uygun tavuk materyalini belirlemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla yerli kahverengi yumurtacı Atak-S genotipi ile YB kodu verilen yabancı kahverengi ticari yumurtacı genotip verim ve yumurta özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada her bir genotipten 150‘şer adet olmak üzere toplam 300 adet tavuk kullanılmıştır. Her genotip kendi arasında üç parsele ayrılmış ve her parselde 50 tavuk barındırılmıştır. Derin altlıklı yer sistemli kümes içerisinde birim alanda (m2) 5 tavuk yetiştirilirken, otlatma alanında ise tavuk başına 4 m2 alan ayrılmıştır. Aynı gün kuluçka çıkışı yapılmış olan yarkalar 16 haftalık yaşta özel bir firmadan temin edilmiştir. Araştırma 80 haftalık yaşa kadar sürdürülmüş olup bu süre zarfında verim ve yumurta kalite özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu özelliklerden, %50 yumurta verim yaşı, yumurta ağırlığı, tavuk-gün yumurta verimi, tavuk-kümes yumurta verimi, yaşama gücü, ak indeksi, sarı indeksi, haugh birimi ve sarı rengi bakımından genotipler arasında farklılık bulunmamıştır. Buna karşın, 18-80. hafta canlı ağırlığı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, şekil indeksi, kabuk kalınlığı, kabuk direnci, et-kan lekesi oranı ve kabuk rengi bakımından ise genotipler arasındaki farklılığın önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, genotiplerden herhangi birisinin bütün özellikler bakımından öne çıkmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak, piyasa şartları dikkate alınarak yapılan ekonomik analiz sonuçları ve hayvan hassasiyetleri bakımından yapılan gözlemler neticesinde Atak-S genotipinin serbest sistem yumurta tavukçuluğuna daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
The Determination of Nutrient Value, Digestibility and Energy Levels of Compound Feeds Used for Ruminant Nutrition by in Vitro Methods
Authors: Baran Murat Sedat , Altaçli Selçuk , Kaplan Oktay , Deniz Suphi
Published: July 2017

There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region‘s animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low.
Comparisons on nutritive values of local and introduce forages and feed mixture for ruminant feed in central dry zone of Myanmar
Authors: Thein Soe Min , Aung Min , Oo Lwin Naing , Htun Moe Thidar , Mu Khin San , Hanks Jenny E. , Stur Werner W. , Poppi Dennis P. , Aung Aung
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to compare nutritive values of local (Sorghum) and introduced (Mombasa) forages and their feed mixtures for ruminant feed in central dry zone of Myanmar. Sorghum based feed mixtures (FeedMix-1, 2 and 3) were the commonly used feed mixtures for cattle in dry zone of Myanmar and other feed mixtures (FeedMix-4, 5 and 6) were based on Mombasa. The lower CP and higher fibre contents (P<0.05) were observed in sorghum and its feed mixtures. The highest gas volumes (P<0.05) were observed in the FeedMix-4 and 6, and then the lowest gas volume (P<0.05) was observed in FeedMix-3. The gas production from quickly soluble fraction (a) of sorghum was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of Mombasa, inversely the gas production from insoluble fraction (b) of sorghum was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of Mombasa. Moreover, potential gas production (a+b), ME, OMD and SCFA of sorghum were also significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of Mombasa. The value of “a” was lowest (P<0.05) in FeedMix-1, whereas the highest value was found in FeedMix-6. The lowest values (P<0.05) of “b”, “a+b”, ME, OMD and SCFA were observed in FeedMix-3 and the highest values (P<0.05) of those parameters were found in FeedMix-4. Thus, the higher nutritive values observed in the introduced forage, Mombasa and its feed mixtures were indicating that Mombasa should be used instead of sorghum for the feed of cattle in dry zone of Myanmar.
Pharmacognostic study of Helicteres isora L.
Authors: Kanthale Prakash R. , Biradar Sharad
Published: July 2017

Objective: Helicteres isora L. is erect woody branched shrub of family Sterculaceae, commonly called Murud sheng. Pharmacognostic study includes dermal characters like stomata, trichomes, anatomical features, macerated vessels and differential phytochemical test have been carried out for the authentication of the samples.Methods: The fruit of Helicteres isora was collected from Mahur range forest of Nanded district, Maharashtra. The fruits were dried in shade and powdered. The fruit powder was extracted with in distilled water. For macroscopic and microscopic study of fresh leaves were selected. Leaf epidermal studies were carried out on fresh specimens. Transection of leaf, petiole, stem were taken by free hand. Fresh and preserved materials used. Results: The preliminary screening of phytochemicals of present study reveals that the presence of bioactive constituents alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and saponins. These secondary metabolites help to cure dysentery, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and pharmacology assay is useful for the evaluation of drug and to detect the adulteration.Conclusions: Biological actions are primarily due to these secondary metabolic components in a complex form concern with synergistic or antagonistic activities.
Dermatophytosis in animals: an overview
Authors: Ganguly Subha , Sharma Vijay
Published: July 2017

Dermatophytosis or ringworm is a fungal infection which causes superficial infection on the animal skin. The lesions are circular in nature resembling a rash which become itchy and develop erythema. It remains covered by a scaly scab. Generally the lesions are evident with loss of fur or hair in that portion of the skin. Clinical signs and symptoms starts within 4 – 14 days after exposure. Different regions on the skin may become infected.
Champion of the Oppressed: Redescribing the Jewishness of Superman as Populist Authenticity Politics
Authors: Zeichmann Christopher B.
Published: July 2017

Commentators largely agree that the character Superman is rooted in his creators' Judaism. The present article supplements such research by historicizing Superman's Jewishness vis-à-vis the populist politics of the left from which he emerged, namely the social movement known as the Popular Front (1934–39)—a leftist political coalition marked by significant Jewish involvement. Examining the first year of Superman comic books (Action Comics #1–12, June 1938–May 1939), this article will suggest that the creators of Superman may have deployed the Kryptonian hero to delineate the “proper” relationship between ethnic and religious Jewish identity in the context of the Popular Front. It will be suggested that the authenticity politics in these Superman stories subordinates ethnic identity to leftist populism under the aegis of a loosely Marxist conception of “history.”
Current developments of biomedical porous Ti–Mo alloys
Authors: Li Yong-Hua , Wang Fang , Li Jian-Jun
Published: July 2017

As a biomedical hard tissue implant candidate, porous Ti–Mo alloy has received considerable attention because of its special porous structure, appropriate Young's modulus and compressive strength as well as good corrosion resistance. As a bioactive coating, hydroxyapatite is commonly used to cover the surface of bioinert metallic prostheses due to its excellent biocompatibility, bone-like structure and composition. This article reviews the current developments and the relationships between the fabrication methods, porous structure, mechanical properties, bioactive surface modification and corrosion behavior of porous Ti–Mo alloy used for hard tissue implant application. Furthermore, the future research directions are discussed to optimize the porous structure and improve the properties of porous Ti–Mo alloys.
Time evolution of agglomerate size of semisolid magnesium alloy AZ91D during a real isothermal shearing
Authors: Li Liang , Zheng Mian
Published: July 2017

The present study attempts to discuss the time evolution of the slurry microstructure of semisolid magnesium alloy AZ91D so as to control the forming process more effectively. We calculated the instantaneous shear stress and the time evolution of average agglomerate size of a real isothermal shearing process containing increasing shear rate, holding the maximal shear rate and decreasing shear rate. The calculated results demonstrate that we should adopt as great a maximal shear rate as possible to achieve a finer slurry microstructure and reduce the resulting larger startup shear stress by increasing the time interval required to increase the shear rate to maximum. Moreover, we also should shorten the time interval required to decrease the shear rate to zero as far as possible, so as to weaken agglomeration during decreasing shear rate and achieve a better final slurry microstructure.
A localization method for submarines based on array probes magnetic measurement at two positions to overcome the influence of background field
Authors: Shangguan YunQi , Yuan JianSheng , Zou Jun
Published: July 2017

Induced magnetic field of ferromagnetic submarines will interfere with geomagnetic field in their surroundings, which makes possible localization of submarines through measuring the magnetic anomaly signals. This paper presents a localization method for submarines by measurements of the gradient tensor of the induced magnetic field at two positions. The components of the gradient tensor are measured approximately as a finite difference of two magnetometers of a detection array. Since the background field is eliminated in the difference, it can avoid the influence of either the time varying geomagnetic environment or other disturbance fields. The localization equations are based on the independent components of the gradient tensor. By solving the equations, the submarine can be located accurately from a relatively far distance. The simulation shows that through this method and a detection array made by 7 single-axis magnetometers with a sensitivity of 10 pT, the maximum detection range can up to 500 m.
Complex Treatment for the Disposal and Utilization of Process Wastewaters of the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Szabados Erika , Jobbágy Andrea , Tóth András József , Mizsey Péter , Tardy Gábor , Pulgarin Cesar , Giannakis Stefanos , Takács Erzsébet , Wojnárovits László , Makó Magdolna , Trócsányi Zénó , Tungler Antal
Published: July 2017

A complex treatment of process wastewaters (PWW) of the pharmaceutical industry has been elaborated, the objective was their common disposal and utilization. The biodegradability of polluting components is concentration dependent, the mixing of PWWs with domestic wastewater at WWTP is possible, if no toxic and/or non-biodegradable components are present. So the organic content can serve as carbon source in the denitrification step. The characterization and the proper treatment methods of PWWs have been developed. Only 20-30 % of PWWs required pretreatment. The majority can be mixed directly with the domestic wastewater and send to the WWTP. The characterization includes COD, TOC, BOD, AOX, volatile content, toxicity, metal ion content measurements. The pretreatment methods could be: distillation, WO or catalytic WO. After the activated sludge treatment the degradation of emergent pollutants and the disinfection can be performed by UV-Fenton or high energy irradiation. The design of a complex treatment plant attached to a WWTP of 100000 m3/day capacity and its life-cycle analysis to determine the environmental benefits were carried out also.
Accessing Research Publications; A Brief Guideline on Literature Review
Authors: Iqbal Md Ashif , Khan Md Huzzatul Islam
Published: July 2017

Abstract not availableUpdate Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (1): 01-03
Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma among Patients with Head Injuries
Authors: Hasnat Abul , Hoque AKM Erfanul , Azam Md Selim Ul , Kamrujjaman Mohammad , Akhtar Mahmuda
Published: July 2017

Background: Patients with maxillofacial trauma are at high risk of having traumatic cranial injuries. Prompt determination of head injury in these patients is crucial for improving patients survival and smooth recovery.Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in a patient with head injuries and to study their relationship.Study design: A prospective Cross-sectional descriptive study was made over 60 patients.Study setting and period: The study was conducted in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000 from May 2010 to April 2011.Participants: Sixty patients with maxillofacial and head injuries were selected for the study.Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional descriptive hospital based study. 60 patients who were diagnosed of having concomitant maxillofacial and head injuries were included in this study. Informations based on age, sex, mode of injury, pattern of facial and head injury, GCS score and type of head injury were taken for each case. Appropriate skull X-ray was done for all patients with maxillofacial injury and patients with initial sign of neurological deficit an initial CT scan of brain was done. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program.Results: Majority of the patients were in the 2nd to 4th decade (75%) with a male to female ratio of 7.57:1 Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of injury (60%), followed by fall from height (13.3%).- Mandible was the most commonly fractured facial bone (36.67%), followed by midface fracture (18.3%).Majority of the patients had moderate head injury and were managed conservatively. Among depressed fracture of skull, frontal bone was most commonly affected. Conclusion: Adult males were most common victims in craniofacial trauma, and road traffic accidents were responsible for the majority. Most of the patients sustained moderate head injuries and were managed conservatively. Open reduction and internal fixation with miniplates were used for displaced facial bone fractures.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (1): 14-20
A Study on Biofilm Formation in Relation to Oral Hygiene Status Related to Tooth Brushing Practice
Authors: Akbar Tamanna , Hasan Hasibul , Awal Md Abdul , Ghosh Milon Kumar , Haque Md Jawadul , Sultana Nihar
Published: July 2017

Introduction:The aim of the present study was to assess the biofilm formation in oral cavity and its relationship with oral hygiene status related to practice of tooth brushing among school going children in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the 386 school going children with age range of 6-16 years old. The study was carried out in the police line school, Rajshahi. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzedby using SPSS software version 21.0.Result: The most prevalent age group of the study was 6-11 years with frequency 192(49.7%).The proportion of the boys and girls was1.71: 1. It was found that 243(66.8%) students learnt about tooth brushing from their family and235(60.9%) of total studentsbrush their tooth once in a day. Majority367(95.1%) of them use tooth paste as dentifrices and377(97.7%) use tooth brush as tooth brushing instrument. Only 2(0.5%)studentsdo not brush their teeth at all. We also found, that mostof them 274(71%) used horizontal tooth brushing technique. This study showed the relationship between practice of tooth brushing of the respondents and the index of biofilm formationthat was statistically insignificant (p> 0.05), but relationship between respondents oral hygiene status and biofilm formation is statistically significant (p< 0.05).Conclusion: It was assessing that state of oral hygiene condition of school going children can be improved by prevention of biofilm formation, and also suggesting to ensure the practice of regular brushing of teeth.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (1): 21-25
A Study on Marginal Continuty of Shoulder and Chamfer Finish Line of Metal Crown
Authors: Munira Mahenaz , Nahar Faruk , Khatun Nasima , Khatun Mahamuda , Sultana Alia
Published: July 2017

Background: Marginal continuty is very important for the longevity of restoration .The junction between the cemented restoration and the tooth is always a potential site for recurrent caries, gingivitis and periodontitis and ultimately failure of crown as well as teeth.Hypothesis: Marginal continuity for shoulder finish line for anterior teeth and chamfer for posterior teeth are equally effective.Objectives: To evaluate the marginal continuity of metal crown.Methods: Thirty extracted human teeth were prepared with shoulder margin (group-A) and another thirty teeth were prepared with chamfer (group-B) as methodically. Metal crown was fabricated by lost wax technique of casting procedure. All of the crowns (both group-A and group-B) were cemented by glass inomer luting cement. Each crown was sectioned in faciolingual direction at the midpoint of each surface by slow speed isomet saw. The sectioned crowns were examined under sreriomicroscope for measurement of marginal continuty. Data were collected on the basis of marginal continuty of each crown was compared. Collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Service) version 12.Results: The frequency distribution of marginal continuity were statistically non significant between two groups.Conclusion: All metal crowns had greater continued margin than discontinued margin.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (1): 26-29
High Dose Ascorbate Causes Both Genotoxic and Metabolic Stress in Glioma Cells
Authors: Castro Maria , Carson Georgia , McConnell Melanie , Herst Patries
Published: July 2017

We have previously shown that exposure to high dose ascorbate causes double stranded breaks (DSBs) and a build-up in S-phase in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Here we investigated whether or not this was due to genotoxic stress as well as metabolic stress generated by exposure to high dose ascorbate, radiation, ascorbate plus radiation and H2O2 in established and primary GBM cell lines. Genotoxic stress was measured as phosphorylation of the variant histone protein, H2AX, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8OH-dG) positive cells and cells with comet tails. Metabolic stress was measured as a decrease in NADH flux, mitochondrial membrane potential (by CMXRos), ATP levels (by ATP luminescence) and mitochondrial superoxide production (by mitoSOX). High dose ascorbate, ascorbate plus radiation, and H2O2 treatments induced both genotoxic and metabolic stress. Exposure to high dose ascorbate blocked DNA synthesis in both DNA damaged and undamaged cell of ascorbate sensitive GBM cell lines. H2O2 treatment blocked DNA synthesis in all cell lines with and without DNA damage. DNA synthesis arrest in cells with damaged DNA is likely due to both genotoxic and metabolic stress. However, arrest in DNA synthesis in cells with undamaged DNA is likely due to oxidative damage to components of the mitochondrial energy metabolism pathway.
Estimating Extrinsic Dyes for Fluorometric Online Monitoring of Antibody Aggregation in CHO Fed-Batch Cultivations
Authors: Schwab Karen , Hesse Friedemann
Published: July 2017

Multi-wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy was evaluated in this work as tool for real-time monitoring of antibody aggregation in CHO fed-batch cultivations via partial least square (PLS) modeling. Therefore, we used the extrinsic fluorescence dyes 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS), 4,4′-bis-1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (Bis-ANS), or Thioflavin T (ThT) as medium additives. This is a new application area, since these dyes are commonly used for aggregate detection during formulation development. We determined the half maximum inhibitory concentrations of ANS (203 ± 11 µmol·L−1), Bis-ANS (5 ± 0.5 µmol·L−1), and ThT (3 ± 0.2 µmol·L−1), and selected suitable concentrations for this application. The results showed that the emission signals of non-covalent dye antibody aggregate interaction superimposed the fluorescence signals originating from feed medium and cell culture. The fluorescence datasets were subsequently used to build PLS models, and the dye-related elevated fluorescence signals dominated the model calibration. The soft sensors based on ANS and Bis-ANS signals showed high predictability with a low error of prediction (1.7 and 2.3 mg·mL−1 aggregates). In general, the combination of extrinsic dye and used concentration influenced the predictability. Furthermore, the ThT soft sensor indicated that the intrinsic fluorescence of the culture might be sufficient to predict antibody aggregation online.
Targeting Platelets for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Elaskalani Omar , Berndt Michael , Falasca Marco , Metharom Pat
Published: July 2017

The majority of cancer-associated mortality results from the ability of tumour cells to metastasise leading to multifunctional organ failure and death. Disseminated tumour cells in the blood circulation are faced with major challenges such as rheological shear stresses and cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells. Nevertheless, circulating tumour cells with metastatic ability appear equipped to exploit host cells to aid their survival. Despite the long interest in targeting tumour-associated host cells such as platelets for cancer treatment, the clinical benefit of this strategy is still under question. In this review, we provide a summary of the latest mechanistic and clinical evidence to evaluate the validity of targeting platelets in cancer.
A Novel Numerical Approach for a Nonlinear Fractional Dynamical Model of Interpersonal and Romantic Relationships
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Kumar Devendra , Qurashi Maysaa Al , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we propose a new numerical algorithm, namely q-homotopy analysis Sumudu transform method (q-HASTM), to obtain the approximate solution for the nonlinear fractional dynamical model of interpersonal and romantic relationships. The suggested algorithm examines the dynamics of love affairs between couples. The q-HASTM is a creative combination of Sumudu transform technique, q-homotopy analysis method and homotopy polynomials that makes the calculation very easy. To compare the results obtained by using q-HASTM, we solve the same nonlinear problem by Adomian’s decomposition method (ADM). The convergence of the q-HASTM series solution for the model is adapted and controlled by auxiliary parameter ℏ and asymptotic parameter n. The numerical results are demonstrated graphically and in tabular form. The result obtained by employing the proposed scheme reveals that the approach is very accurate, effective, flexible, simple to apply and computationally very nice.
Investigation of Oriented Magnetic Field Effects on Entropy Generation in an Inclined Channel Filled with Ferrofluids
Authors: Baskaya Elgiz , Komurgoz Guven , Ozkol Ibrahim
Published: July 2017

Dispersion of super-paramagnetic nanoparticles in nonmagnetic carrier fluids, known as ferrofluids, offers the advantages of tunable thermo-physical properties and eliminate the need for moving parts to induce flow. This study investigates ferrofluid flow characteristics in an inclined channel under inclined magnetic field and constant pressure gradient. The ferrofluid considered in this work is comprised of Cu particles as the nanoparticles and water as the base fluid. The governing differential equations including viscous dissipation are non-dimensionalised and discretized with Generalized Differential Quadrature Method. The resulting algebraic set of equations are solved via Newton-Raphson Method. The work done here contributes to the literature by searching the effects of magnetic field angle and channel inclination separately on the entropy generation of the ferrofluid filled inclined channel system in order to achieve best design parameter values so called entropy generation minimization is implemented. Furthermore, the effect of magnetic field, inclination angle of the channel and volume fraction of nanoparticles on velocity and temperature profiles are examined and represented by figures to give a thorough understanding of the system behavior.
Utilizing Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Reactive Transport to Model CH4 Production from the Nankai Trough Gas Hydrate Reservoir
Authors: Qorbani Khadijeh , Kvamme Bjørn , Kuznetsova Tatiana
Published: July 2017

The ongoing search for new sources of energy has brought natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs to the forefront of attention in both academia and the industry. The amount of gas reserves trapped within these reservoirs surpasses all of the conventional fossil fuel sources explored so far, which makes it of utmost importance to predict their production potential and safety. One of the challenges facing those attempting to analyse their behaviour is that the large number of involved phases make NGHs unable to ever reach equilibrium in nature. Field-scale experiments are expensive and time consuming. However, computer simulations have now become capable of modelling different gas production scenarios, as well as production optimization analyses. In addition to temperature and pressure, independent thermodynamic parameters for hydrate stabilization include the hydrate composition and concentrations for all co-existing phases. It is therefore necessary to develop and implement realistic kinetic models accounting for all significant routes for dissociation and reformation. The reactive transport simulator makes it easy to deploy nonequilibrium thermodynamics for the study of CH4 production from hydrate-bearing sediments by considering each hydrate-related transition as a separate pseudo reaction. In this work, we have used the expanded version of the RetrasoCodeBright (RCB) reactive transport simulator to model exploitation of the methane hydrate (MH) reservoir located in the Nankai Trough, Japan. Our results showed that higher permeabilities in the horizontal direction dominated the pressure drop propagation throughout the hydrate layers and affected their hydrate dissociation rates. Additionally, the comparison of the vertical well versus the horizontal well pattern indicated that hydrate dissociation was slightly higher in the vertical well scenario compared to the horizontal.
A Novel Workflow for Geothermal Prospectively Mapping Weights-of-Evidence in Liaoning Province, Northeast China
Authors: Sang Xuejia , Xue Linfu , Liu Jiwen , Zhan Liang
Published: July 2017

Geological faults are highly developed in the eastern Liaoning Province in China, where Mesozoic granitic intrusions and Archean and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks are widely distributed. Although the heat flow value in eastern Liaoning Province is generally low, the hot springs are very developed. It is obvious that the faults have significant control over the distribution of hot springs, and traditional methods of spatial data analysis such as WofE (weight of evidence) usually do not take into account the direction of the distribution of geothermal resources in the geothermal forecast process, which seriously affects the accuracy of the prediction results. To overcome the deficiency of the traditional evidence weight method, wherein it does not take the direction of evidence factor into account, this study put forward a combination of the Fry and WofE methods, Fry-WofE, based on geological observation, gravity, remote sensing, and DEM (digital elevation model) multivariate data. This study takes eastern Liaoning Province in China as an example, and the geothermal prospect was predicted respectively by the Fry-WofE and WofE methods from the statistical data on the spatial distribution of the exposed space of geothermal anomalies the surface. The result shows that the Fry-WofE method can achieve better prediction results when comparing the accuracy of these two methods. Based on the results of Fry-WofE prediction and water system extraction, 13 favorable geothermal prospect areas are delineated in eastern Liaoning Province. The Fry-WofE method is effective in study areas where the geothermal distribution area is obviously controlled by the fault. We provide not only a new method for solving the similar issue of geothermal exploration, but also a new insight into the distribution of geothermal resources in Liaoning Province.
Short-Term Effects of Reduced-Impact Logging on Copaifera spp. (Fabaceae) Regeneration in Eastern Amazon
Authors: Klauberg Carine , Vidal Edson , Silva Carlos , Hudak Andrew , Oliveira Manuela , Higuchi Pedro
Published: July 2017

Timber management directly influences the population dynamics of tree species, like Copaifera spp. (copaíba), which provide oil-resin with ecological and economic importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure and population dynamics of Copaifera in unmanaged and managed stands by reduced-impact logging (RIL) in eastern Amazon in Pará state, Brazil. Based on a stem map of the study area, 40 Copaifera trees were randomly selected, where an equal number of trees were selected in managed and unmanaged stands. A transect of 10 × 100 m was centered at each tree (50 m each side) to assess Copaifera regeneration. Transects were subdivided into ten plots, of which six were systematically chosen to assess the height, diameter and number of Copaifera seedlings and saplings. The field assessment occurred in 2011 and 2013. To estimate the amount of sunlight transmitted to the forest floor, we computed canopy cover from airborne LiDAR data. According to the results, the abundance of Copaifera seedlings/saplings was higher in managed than unmanaged stands. About 5% of Copaifera regeneration was found between 45–50 m from the Copaifera tree while ~73% of regeneration was concentrated within a 10 m radius of the Copaifera tree. We verified that the diameter distribution of Copaifera regeneration was not a negative exponential distribution, as is typical of most tree species in natural forest. Rather, the Copaifera regeneration had a spatially aggregated distribution. In this short-term analysis, the impact of timber management is not negatively affecting the population structure or dynamics of Copaifera regeneration.
An Investigation of Sensory Specific Satiety and Food Size When Children Consume a Whole or Diced Vegetable
Authors: Goh Jasmine , Russell Catherine , Liem Djin
Published: July 2017

Children’s vegetable consumption is often lower than that needed to promote optimal health and development, and practical approaches for increasing vegetable consumption are needed. Sensory Specific Satiety (SSS) reduces the liking and consumption of a consumed food over the course of an eating occasion and is an important factor in meal termination. The present study aimed to investigate the development of SSS when children ate vegetables of different sizes. The absence of SSS would be an encouraging sign to provide children more vegetables during a meal. Seventy-two children (33 boys, ages 8.8 ± 1.5 years) were recruited from Australian primary schools. Participating children consumed either whole or diced carrots for a maximum period of 10-min from a 500 g box. Cucumber was used as a control vegetable. Children’s liking of carrots and cucumber was measured with a 5-point child friendly hedonic scale prior to and after carrot consumption. In comparison to cucumber, liking for neither diced (p = 0.57) nor whole carrots (p = 0.18) changed during ad libitum consumption of carrots, indicating that SSS did not occur. However, children (n = 36) who finished eating carrots within the 10-min time limit, spent more time eating the whole carrots compared to the diced carrots (p < 0.05), which tended to result in a higher consumption of whole carrots (p < 0.06). This suggests that, in order to increase vegetable consumption, it is better to present children whole carrots than diced carrots. These findings might aid in the development of strategies to promote children’s greater vegetable consumption.
Ulysses and the Signature of Things
Authors: Dukes Hunter
Published: July 2017

James Joyce’s depiction of autographic signatures resembles the “doctrine of signatures”—a pre-modern system of correspondence between medicinal plants and parts of the body. Certain aspects of this episteme reappear in the late nineteenth century. This recurrence is due, in large part, to developments in the technology of writing that threaten what Friedrich Kittler calls the “surrogate sensuality of handwriting.” Reading the “Nausicaa” episode of Ulysses against fin-de-siècle ideas about graphology, I argue that signature offers a unique perspective on Joyce’s taxonomic representation, which questions the boundaries between a body of text and (non)human bodies.
Increased Risk of Drug-Induced Hyponatremia during High Temperatures
Authors: Jönsson Anna K , Lövborg Henrik , Lohr Wolfgang , Ekman Bertil , Rocklöv Joacim
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between outdoor temperature in Sweden and the reporting of drug-induced hyponatremia to the Medical Products Agency (MPA). Methods: All individual adverse drug reactions (ADR) reported to MPA from 1 January 2010 to 31 October 2013 of suspected drug-induced hyponatremia and random controls were identified. Reports where the ADR had been assessed as having at least a possible relation to the suspected drug were included. Information on administered drugs, onset date, causality assessment, sodium levels, and the geographical origin of the reports was extracted. A case-crossover design was used to ascertain the association between heat exposure and drug-induced hyponatremia at the individual level, while linear regression was used to study its relationship to sodium concentration in blood. Temperature exposure data were obtained from the nearest observation station to the reported cases. Results: During the study period, 280 reports of hyponatremia were identified. More cases of drug-induced hyponatremia were reported in the warmer season, with a peak in June, while other ADRs showed an opposite annual pattern. The distributed lag non-linear model indicated an increasing odds ratio (OR) with increasing temperature in the warm season with a highest odds ratio, with delays of 1–5 days after heat exposure. A cumulative OR for a lag time of 1 to 3 days was estimated at 2.21 at an average daily temperature of 20 °C. The change in sodium per 1 °C increase in temperature was estimated to be −0.37 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.02, −0.72). Conclusions: Warm weather appears to increase the risk of drug-induced hyponatremia
Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Properties of Graphene Th(IV) Phosphate Composite Cation Exchanger: Its Applications in the Selective Separation of Lead Metal Ions
Authors: Rangreez Tauseef , Inamuddin  , Asiri Abdullah , Alhogbi Basma , Naushad Mu.
Published: July 2017

In this study, graphene Th(IV) phosphate was prepared by sol–gel precipitation method. The ion-exchange behavior of this cation-exchanger was studied by investigating properties like ion-exchange capacity for various metal ions, the effect of eluent concentration, elution behavior, and thermal effect on ion-exchange capacity (IEC). Several physicochemical properties as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, thermal studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were also carried out. The material possessed an IEC of 1.56 meq·dry·g−1 of the exchanger and was found to be nano-composite. The selectivity studies showed that the material is selective towards Pb(II) ions. The selectivity of this cation-exchanger was demonstrated in the binary separation of Pb(II) ions from mixture with other metal ions. The recovery was found to be both quantitative and reproducible.
An Update on Jacalin-Like Lectins and Their Role in Plant Defense
Authors: Esch Lara , Schaffrath Ulrich
Published: July 2017

Plant lectins are proteins that reversibly bind carbohydrates and are assumed to play an important role in plant development and resistance. Through the binding of carbohydrate ligands, lectins are involved in the perception of environmental signals and their translation into phenotypical responses. These processes require down-stream signaling cascades, often mediated by interacting proteins. Fusing the respective genes of two interacting proteins can be a way to increase the efficiency of this process. Most recently, proteins containing jacalin-related lectin (JRL) domains became a subject of plant resistance responses research. A meta-data analysis of fusion proteins containing JRL domains across different kingdoms revealed diverse partner domains ranging from kinases to toxins. Among them, proteins containing a JRL domain and a dirigent domain occur exclusively within monocotyledonous plants and show an unexpected high range of family member expansion compared to other JRL-fusion proteins. Rice, wheat, and barley plants overexpressing OsJAC1, a member of this family, are resistant against important fungal pathogens. We discuss the possibility that JRL domains also function as a decoy in fusion proteins and help to alert plants of the presence of attacking pathogens.
Autophagy and Human Neurodegenerative Diseases—A Fly’s Perspective
Authors: Kim Myungjin , Ho Allison , Lee Jun
Published: July 2017

Neurodegenerative diseases in humans are frequently associated with prominent accumulation of toxic protein inclusions and defective organelles. Autophagy is a process of bulk lysosomal degradation that eliminates these harmful substances and maintains the subcellular environmental quality. In support of autophagy’s importance in neuronal homeostasis, several genetic mutations that interfere with autophagic processes were found to be associated with familial neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, genetic mutations in autophagy-regulating genes provoked neurodegenerative phenotypes in animal models. The Drosophila model significantly contributed to these recent developments, which led to the theory that autophagy dysregulation is one of the major underlying causes of human neurodegenerative disorders. In the current review, we discuss how studies using Drosophila enhanced our understanding of the relationship between autophagy and neurodegenerative processes.
The Effects of Artemisinin on the Cytolytic Activity of Natural Killer (NK) Cells
Authors: Houh Youn , Kim Kyung , Park Sunyoung , Hur Dae , Kim Seonghan , Kim Daejin , Bang Sa , Yang Yoolhee , Park Hyun , Cho Daeho
Published: July 2017

Artemisinin, a chemical compound used for the treatment of malaria, has been known to show anti-cancer activity. However, the effect of this chemical on natural killer (NK) cells, which are involved in tumor killing, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that artemisinin exerts a potent anti-cancer effect by activating NK cells. NK-92MI cells pre-treated with artemisinin were subjected to a cytotoxicity assay using K562 cells. The results showed that artemisinin significantly enhances the cytolytic activity of NK cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the artemisinin-enhanced cytotoxic effect of NK-92MI cells on tumor cells was accompanied by the stimulation of granule exocytosis, as evidenced by the detection of CD107a expression in NK cells. Moreover, this enhancement of cytotoxicity by artemisinin was also observed in human primary NK cells from peripheral blood. Our results suggest that artemisinin enhances human NK cell cytotoxicity and degranulation. This is the first evidence that artemisinin exerts antitumor activity by enhancing NK cytotoxicity. Therefore, these results provide a deeper understanding of the action of artemisinin and will contribute to the development and application of this class of compounds in cancer treatment strategies.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Composites Incorporating an Fe(II) Spin Crossover Complex and Polyoxometalates
Authors: Kuramochi Satoshi , Shiga Takuya , Cameron Jamie , Newton Graham , Oshio Hiroki
Published: July 2017

[Fe(dppOH)2]2+ (dppOH = 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine) is known to show spin crossover (SCO) behavior and light-induced excited spin state transitions (LIESST). Here, we show that the SCO properties of the [Fe(dppOH)2]2+ complex can be altered by a crystal engineering approach employing counter anion exchange with polyoxometalate (POM) anions. Using this strategy, two new composite materials (TBA)[Fe(dppOH)2][PMo12O40] (1) and [Fe(dppOH)2]3[PMo12O40]2 (2) (TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium) have been isolated and studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements. 1 was found to be in a high spin state at 300 K and showed no spin crossover behavior due to a dense packing structure induced by hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of the dppOH ligands and the POM anions. Conversely, 2 contains two crystallographically unique Fe centers, where one is in the low spin state whilst the other is locked in a high spin state in a manner analogous to 1. As a result, 2 was found to show partial spin crossover behavior around 230 K with a decrease in the χmT value of 1.9 emu·mol−1·K. This simple approach could therefore provide a useful method to aid in the design of next generation spin crossover materials.
On Identification of Critical Material Attributes for Compression Behaviour of Pharmaceutical Diluent Powders
Authors: Zhang Jianyi , Wu Chuan-Yu , Pan Xin , Wu Chuanbin
Published: July 2017

As one of the commonly-used solid dosage forms, pharmaceutical tablets have been widely used to deliver active drugs into the human body, satisfying patient’s therapeutic requirements. To manufacture tablets of good quality, diluent powders are generally used in formulation development to increase the bulk of formulations and to bind other inactive ingredients with the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). For formulations of a low API dose, the drug products generally consist of a large fraction of diluent powders. Hence, the attributes of diluents become extremely important and can significantly influence the final product property. Therefore, it is essential to accurately characterise the mechanical properties of the diluents and to thoroughly understand how their mechanical properties affect the manufacturing performance and properties of the final products, which will build a sound scientific basis for formulation design and product development. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties of the widely-used pharmaceutical diluent powders, including microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powders with different grades (i.e., Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102, and DG), mannitol SD 100, lactose monohydrate, and dibasic calcium phosphate, were performed. The powder compressibility was assessed with Heckel and Kawakita analyses. The material elastic recovery during decompression and in storage was investigated through monitoring the change in the dimensions of the compressed tablets over time. The powder hygroscopicity was also evaluated to examine the water absorption ability of powders from the surroundings. It was shown that the MCC tablets exhibited continuous volume expansion after ejection, which is believed to be induced by (1) water absorption from the surrounding, and (2) elastic recovery. However, mannitol tablets showed volume expansion immediately after ejection, followed by the material shrinkage in storage. It is anticipated that the expansion was induced by elastic recovery to a limited extent, while the shrinkage was primarily due to the solidification during storage. It was also found that, for all powders considered, the powder compressibility and the elastic recovery depended significantly on the particle breakage tendency: a decrease in the particle breakage tendency led to a slight decrease in the powder compressibility and a significant drop in immediate elastic recovery. This implies that the particle breakage tendency is a critical material attribute in controlling the compression behaviour of pharmaceutical powders.
Tool Run-Out Measurement in Micro Milling
Authors: Attanasio Aldo
Published: July 2017

The interest in micro manufacturing processes is increasing because of the need for components characterized by small dimensions and micro features. As a result, researchers are studying the limitations and advantages of these processes. This paper deals with tool run-out measurement in micro milling. Among the effects of the scale reduction from macro to micro, tool run-out plays an important role, affecting cutting force, tool life, and the surface integrity of the produced part. The aim of this research is to develop an easy and reliable method to measure tool run-out in micro milling. This measuring strategy, from an Industry 4.0 perspective, can be integrated into an adaptive model for controlling cutting force, with the aim of improving the production quality and the process stability, while at the same time reducing tool wear and machining costs. The proposed procedure deduces tool run-out from the actual tool diameter, the channel width, and the cutting edge’s phase, which is estimated by analyzing the cutting force signal. In order to automate the cutting edge phase measurement, the suitability of two functions approximating the force signal was evaluated. The developed procedure was tested on data from experimental tests. A Ti6Al4V sample was machined using two coated micro end mill flutes made by SECO setting different run-out values. The results showed that the developed procedure can be used for tool run-out estimation.
Hydrothermal Alteration in the Main Sulfide Zone at Unki Mine, Shurugwi Subchamber of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe: Evidence from Petrography and Silicates Mineral Chemistry
Authors: Chaumba Jeff
Published: July 2017

The main platinum-group element (PGE) occurrence in the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe, the Main Sulfide Zone (MSZ), is a tabular stratabound layer hosted in pyroxenites. A petrographic and silicate composition study across the MSZ at Unki Mine in the Shurugwi Subchamber was conducted to help place some constrains on the origin of the mineralization. The PGE-enriched zone at Unki Mine is a ~10 m thick package of rocks ranging from gabbronorites, a chromitite stringer, plagioclase websterite, plagioclase pyroxenite (pegmatitic in one narrow zone), a base metal sulfide zone and it is largely located below the contact of the Mafic and Ultramafic Sequences. Pyroxenes have been partially hydrothermally altered to amphibole and chlorite in most lithologies. In addition, sulfides tend to occur as cumulus phases or as inclusions in all the silicate phases. Two generations of sulfide mineralization likely occurred at Unki Mine with primary sulfides occurring in association with cumulus phases, and the relatively finer-grained, often lath-like, sulfides that occur in association with alteration phases of chlorite and amphibole that were likely formed later during hydrothermal alteration. Chlorite thermometry yields temperatures ranging from 241 to 390 °C, and from 491 to 640 °C, and they are interpreted to be temperatures recording the hydrothermal event(s) of magmatic origin which affected the mineralization at Unki Mine. Two-pyroxene thermometry yields temperatures that range from 850 to 981 °C, and these temperatures are interpreted to indicate a hydrothermal imprint on the minerals that constitute the MSZ.