bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROJETO PINTURINHA FELIZ: VIVÊNCIAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Lima Adrianne Cardoso , Siqueira André Luiz Moura , Magalhães Marli Fernandes
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar as vivências e desafios do projeto Pinturinha Feliz, abordando as oficinas de pintura, desde a concepção até a realização, em que ofertamos as oficinas de pintura no gesso, cujas peças são produzidas em casa, de forma artesanal, e levadas até às praças da cidade de Gurupi, Tocantins, para que as crianças as pintem livremente. Sabemos que a arte é necessária, ela é um meio de comunicação, uma forma de expressar-se e estimular o desenvolvimento da criança. Ao aproximar as crianças dessa arte, durante as oficinas de pintura, por meio da observação, foi possível identificar particularidades das crianças em relação à pintura. Ao realizar essa observação assistemática, é possível traçar uma linha de desenvolvimento das crianças que frequentam regularmente a Pinturinha Feliz . Diante disso, acreditamos que é possível refletir e fazer apontamentos acerca do desenvolvimento das habilidades artísticas das crianças, por meio das oficinas e do ensino da arte.
A relação escola, família e criança: Leitores na educação infantil
Authors: Silva Reigiane Xavier da , Fragasso Edina Ribeiro , Santos Rosane Maria Dos , Santod Rosangela Maria Dos , Fonseca Vanessa Barbosa Costa da
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo é uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativa, com a temática a formação literária da criança dentro e fora da escola, cujo objetivo geral busca analisar a importância da relação escola, familia e criança no processo de o gosto pela leitura. Os objetivos específicos buscam identificar a importância da Literatura Infantil; conhecer as ações que promovem a Literatura Infantil e relacionar como as familias participam desse momento de leitura. Todo o processo metodológico parte das pesquisas no Google Académico, leitura e estudos de artigos e livros. Através de tabulação e análise, os dados revelaram o poder que a leitura possui através dos livros e da literatura de formar e transformar o ser humano numa sociedade letrada, no senso critico. Na infância, se a criança tem acesso e hábito de leitura compartilhada, família e escola, na vida adulta terá maior facilidade e compreender, interpretar, conviver e conquistar melhores oportunidades.
Years and Years: The Distribution of the Sensible in Woolf and Ernaux
Authors: O'Leary Timothy
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Both Virginia Woolf and Annie Ernaux, in their respective works titled The Years , undertake an exploration of the shifting experience of women across two different periods of profound historical change. Reading the texts through the lens of Jacques Rancière's concept of the "distribution of the sensible," allows us ask to what extent works of literature such as these not only trace the shifting elements of a particular distribution of the sensible, but also provoke a change in that distribution by destabilizing and disrupting the smooth, unthought continuance of any such distribution. In doing so, we can attain a greater understanding of the complex historical determiners of individual experience and evaluate the possibility of undermining and overcoming those ingrained modes of experience.
Occupational Risks Prevention Practices Among Medical Waste Handlers in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Obadina AO , Oyerinde O , Atulomah NO , Ogundahunsi O
Published: October 2024

Background: Medical waste handlers are at immediate risk of needle stick injuries and exposure to infectious materials from medical waste. Adequate knowledge and safe practices on the part of the workers are essential for the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Objective: To assess and compare the factors involved in occupational risk prevention practices among medical waste handlers in two tertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study compared medical waste handlers and the risk prevention measures available in a specialist hospital and a teaching hospital. The 100 participants were randomly selected and surveyed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.
Results: The prevalence of needle stick injury at the teaching hospital and specialist hospital were 38% and 28%, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccine uptake was 6% in the teaching hospital compared to 70% at the specialist hospital. There was a significant difference concerning the provision of safety equipment (p<0.001), personal protective equipment (PPE) (p<0.001), Hepatitis vaccine (p<0.001), training (p<0.001) and availability of waste management policy (p = 0.015) but no significant difference concerning the regular supply of water and soap (p = 0.494) between both institutions.
Conclusion: The waste handlers at the specialist hospital were better equipped for safety than those at the teaching hospital. A safer environment, equipment, and training for medical waste handlers are needed to enable them to practise occupational risk prevention more effectively.
Factors Influencing Delay in Seeking Post-abortion Care among Women in Keffi, Nasarawa State
Authors: Kever RT , Gana MK , Binga SF
Published: October 2024

Background: Unsafe abortion complications are a significant public health concern, particularly in underdeveloped countries, resulting in maternal mortality. Delays in seeking Post-abortion Care (PAC) at the clinical area leave health workers minimal options for resolving the situation.
Objective: To identify the factors that contribute to the delay in obtaining PAC among women with post-abortion complications in Keffi, Nasarawa State.
Methods: A mixed-method, prospective, cross-sectional survey was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre Keffi. A total of 60 patients were polled, and 15 of the polled patients participated in in-depth interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered by questionnaires and structured interview guides, respectively.
Results: The predictors of delayed presentation were age 15-24 years (OR = 16, CI = 1.42 – 180.90, p = 0.047), a secondary level of education (OR = 38, CI = 4.15 – 347.89, p < 0.001), earning less than ₦30,000/Month (OR = 25.00, CI = 3.45 – 180.98, p = 0.001), living in rural areas (OR = 5.20, CI = 1.72 – 47.30, p < 0.001), having an abortion performed at a chemist's shop (OR = 7.564, CI = 6.70 – 10.00, p = 0.011), and use of herbs to induce abortion (OR = 1.23, CI = 1.04 – 1.45, p = 0.047).
Conclusion: The study identified younger age, low level of education, occupation, place of residence, low income, and previous history of induced abortion as factors contributing to delayed presentation for PAC. Effective counselling for the use of contraceptives among women who are not ready for pregnancy is recommended.
Reflection of Crew Resource Management (CRM) Trainings to Real-Life Field Practice in Air Passenger Transportation: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Kaynak Özlem Munise
Published: October 2024

In the air transportation sector, flight safety stands as one of the foremost values. To ensure safety, airlines rely on Crew Resource Management (CRM) training. These training programs aim to foster coordination, communication, and awareness among all personnel involved in flight operations, encouraging rational responses to potential issues as a unified team. Naturally, as is the case with any training process, the practical applicability of CRM training alongside its theoretical structure is of paramount importance. Hence, this study, conducted within the framework of qualitative research, delves into the perspectives of cabin crew members regarding CRM training by evaluating its content, benefits, and real-life field applications. Employing interview-based methodology, qualitative data were gathered from 19 cabin crew participants through purposive sampling. The collected data underwent descriptive analysis, leading to certain conclusions. The findings illustrate that CRM training has a positive impact on emotional and knowledge management, communication skills, team collaboration, and a proactive approach in matters of safety. It underscores that CRM training significantly permeates into the realm of real-world applications—namely, flight operations. However, participants highlighted certain issues and emphasized the need for more practical, interactive, and participant-centered training methods for the enhancement of CRM training, aiming to address those concerns.
Pemilihan makanan sehat dan hubungannya dengan status gizi remaja karang taruna Desa Manyarejo berdasar besar uang saku
Authors: Hamiyah Salsabila , Rahma Amalia , Supriatiningrum Dwi Novri
Published: October 2024

Istilah uang saku merujuk pada uang yang diberikan pada pelajar dengan tujuan membeli sesuatu yang diinginkan atau kebutuhan harian. Pemberian uang saku dapat dilakukan dalam waktu harian, mingguan, maupun bulanan. Penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan jenis penelitiannya adalah deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cros-sectional. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 57 responden dipilih menggunakan rumus Lameshow pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuisioner. Adapun rata – rata uang saku yang diberikan orang tua setiap hari nya berkisar Rp. 22.018 dari 57 responden. pemilihan makanan gol. Karbohidrat tertinggi nasi putih gol. Ptotein tertinggi daging ayam gol. Serat tertinggi pisang gol. Lemak tertinggi gorengan gol. Sayuran tertinggi wortel. sebagian responden memiliki status gizi baik / normal 48 Responden (84,2%), gizi kurang 5 Responden (8,8%), dan Gizi Lebih 4 Responden (7,0%). Terdapat korelasi secara signifikan antara status gizi dengan uang saku, tidak adanya hubungan pemanfaatan uang saku dan status gizi, serta adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara jumlah uang saku dan pemanfaatan nya.
Análisis histórico de las plagas forestales en México
Authors: González Camacho Giovani , Herrera Tapia Francisco
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el comportamiento histórico de las plagas forestales en México. Para ello, se consultaron los anuarios forestales estadísticos de 1994 a 2020 así como datos atmosféricos. Con los datos recabados se realizó un análisis de correlación de Pearson, se efectuó un análisis de tendencias y se generaron 2 índices de afectación histórica, uno a nivel nacional y otro a nivel estatal. Como resultado, se obtuvo que la temperatura mínima anual fue el factor atmosférico que presentó mayor correlación positiva con las plagas forestales, que las tendencias de las plagas forestales alcanzaron su clímax alrededor del 2015 y que las entidades con mayor afectación histórica han sido Durango, Jalisco, Veracruz y Chihuahua.
Efecto insecticida de un extracto metanólico de la flor Malvastrum americanum contra Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Villegas-Mendoza Jesus Manuel , Rosas-García Ninfa María , Mireles-Martínez Maribel
Published: October 2024

Este es un primer estudio de Malvastrum americanum con los objetivos de identificar la planta y  metabolitos y evaluar un extracto de la flor contra Spodoptera frugiperda. La muestra presento un 99.12% de similitud con M. americanum, mientras que por Cromatografía de Gases se identificó: isovanilina, ciclohexasiloxano, dodecametilo, hexadecametilo, tetradecametilo, y ácido hexadecanoico asociados con efectos medicinales, y con Espectroscopia Infrarroja por trasformada de Fourier mostro grupos O-H, C-C, C=H, C-H, relacionados con flavonoides y terpenoides asociados con efectos biológicos hacia insectos. En el bioensayo a 10 mg/ml tuvo una mortalidad de 62 % y una DL50 de 9.23 mg/ml contra larvas neonatas de S. frugiperda demostrando que M. americanum contiene sustancias bioactivas con propiedades insecticidas.
Calidad de la alimentación en un grupo de adolescentes mexicanos, 2020
Authors: Macedo-Ojeda Gabriela , Flores-Vázquez Ana Silvia , Rodríguez-Rocha Norma Patricia , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco , González-Estevez Guillermo , Hernández-Bello Jorge
Published: October 2024

Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 1433 estudiantes de educación media superior, del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, en 2020. Se caracterizaron los patrones alimentarios y se evaluaron diferencias por año escolar, turno escolar y sexo. Se aplicó la Mini Encuesta de Calidad del Consumo Alimentario versión 2 mediante formulario digital. Se utilizaron las pruebas chi-cuadrada y ANOVA de una vía para evaluar diferencias. El patrón alimentario “no saludable” se presentó en 55.5% de los estudiantes, 38.9% presentó un patrón “con hábitos alimentarios que necesitan mejorar” y sólo 5.6% mostró un patrón “saludable”. Es urgente el desarrollo y cumplimiento de políticas públicas claras e intervenciones nutricionales eficaces para mejorar el patrón alimentario en los adolescentes estudiantes.
Bases de datos Latinoamericanas de productos naturales como fuente de compuestos bioactivos
Authors: Gómez-García Alejandro , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: October 2024

Los productos naturales son la mayor fuente de moléculas bioactivas. A lo largo del mundo han sido publicadas bases de datos de productos naturales aislados y caracterizados en determinadas regiones geográficas. Una aplicación práctica de estas bases de datos es el diseño de fármacos asistido por computadora (DIFAC). El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar de manera general la significancia de las bases de datos moleculares de productos naturales enfocándose en el DIFAC. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, se exponen ejemplos de bases de datos moleculares publicadas alrededor del mundo y se muestra el estado del arte actual en el desarrollo de este rubro en Latinoamérica.
Estrategias familiares en contextos de pobreza en América Latina
Authors: Romero Plana Virginia
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo analiza las estrategias familiares en contextos de pobreza en América Latina a partir de una revisión documental sistemática y del análisis de 60 artículos indizados en cinco bases de datos en el periodo 2000-2022. Las estrategias familiares cobran sentido en contextos de vulnerabilidad ante la falta de eficacia de las políticas sociales asistencialistas. Las estrategias más abordadas son las redes de apoyo, la migración y el trabajo informal. Las mujeres juegan un papel esencial en el desarrollo y éxito de estas estrategias, aunque el descuido hacia su salud sea visible en el marco de las violencias de género.
Neurotropic Effect of Botulinum Toxin and the Potential of Specific Serum Therapy in Botulism (Review)
Authors: Eliseeva E. M. , Mazerkina I. A. , Chistokhina A. A.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION. The outbreak of foodborne botulism that occurred in Russia in June 2024 once again demonstrated the danger of this rather rare but severe infectious disease caused by ingesting botulinum neurotoxin. The only aetiological treatment for botulism is currently the administration of antitoxins against various serotypes of botulinum toxin. However, antitoxins do not provide rapid regression of neurological symptoms, which may raise doubts about the effectiveness of the selected treatment option. It is impossible to assess the potential of specific treatment without understanding the mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin and antitoxin.

AIM. This study aimed to systemise information on the mechanism underlying the damaging effect of botulinum neurotoxin, aetiological antitoxin treatment, and the patient recovery process.

DISCUSSION. The mechanism underlying the damaging effect of botulinum neurotoxin consists in the destruction of SNARE proteins in presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals, which disrupts the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft and the transmission of excitation between neurons. The lack of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction results in a distinctive form of persistent flaccid paralysis. The specific mechanism of action of botulinum toxin determines the treatment strategy, which includes a set of life-sustaining measures and the earliest possible antiserum administration. If used within 48 hours from the onset of symptoms, botulinum antitoxin binds botulinum toxin circulating in the blood, which stops the progression of paralysis and prevents further disorders in patients. However, botulinum antitoxin cannot neutralise the effect of the toxin that has already bound to nerve receptors, so clinical symptoms may worsen within 12 hours after antiserum administration. Restoration of normal neuronal transmission occurs through the formation of new axonal sprouts and can take a long time.

CONCLUSIONS. Antitoxin administration is effective and irreplaceable in the aetiological treatment of botulism. Nevertheless, the duration of recovery depends on the speed of reinnervation and restoration of transmission at the neuromuscular junction.
PENYELENGGARAAN DAN PENANGANAN KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL GELANDANGAN DAN PENGEMIS
Authors: Utami Tuarita Tridita Yuniar , Hernawan Denny , Apriliyani Neng Virly , Rusliandy  , Wahyudin Cecep , Salbiah Euis , Ramdani Faisal Tri , Munjin Akhmad
Published: October 2024

Kebijakan dan program yang tepat sasaran dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan masyarakat harus didukung oleh upaya pemerintah untuk menetapkan kebijakan yang tepat. Kebijakan yang tepat sasaran diperlukan agar program dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif dan efisien  kebijakan penanganan pemerlu pelayanan kesejahteraan sosial gelandangan dan pengemis di Dinas Sosial Kota Bogor.  Penelitian ini menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan terdiri dari empat komponen utama yaitu: Komunikasi, Sumber Daya, Disposisi, dan Struktur Birokrasi. Analisis kuantitatif deskriptif adalah pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan dan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 24 responden. Dalam proses analisis data, digunakan metode analisis yaitu rumus Weight Mean Score (wms), lalu untuk mengukur menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dimensi komunikasi 4,81 dengan kategori sangat baik, dimensi  sumber daya 4,61 dengan kategori sangat baik, dimensi disposisi 4,25 dengan kategori sangat baik, dan dimensi struktur birokrasi 4,65 dengan kategori sangat baik. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian terkait implementasi kebijakan mendapat penilaian 4,58 dengan kategori sangat baik. Diharapkan penelitian ini akan membantu Dinas Sosial Kota Bogor mengevaluasi atau mepertimbangkan kebijakan penanganan pemerlu pelayanan kesejahteraan sosial gelandangan dan pengemis di Kota Bogor.
From Parenthood to Prejudice: Associations Between Parenthood and Anti-Immigrant Sentiments in 38 Industrialized Nations
Authors: Marie Antoine , Xiao Hualin
Published: October 2024

Anti-immigrant sentiments are a challenge to maintaining the cohesion of modern industrialized societies. In this paper, we ran a pre-registered analysis of the European Social Survey fielded across 38 industrialized nations over the 2002–2018 period (n = 277,466) to investigate whether anti-immigrant sentiments are amplified by the experience of parenthood. Drawing on evolutionary theories of group relations, we predicted that parenthood would increase threat-avoidance motivations, leading to greater anti-immigrant sentiments (H1). We further anticipated stronger effects of parenthood on anti-immigrant sentiments among women than men due to their greater parental investment (H2). Both hypotheses were confirmed in our pooled data analyses with ethnic majority members: whether parenthood was operationalized as having given birth to/fathered a child (biological parenthood) or as having a child living at home (residential parenthood), being a parent was associated with greater anti-immigrant sentiments among both sexes, and larger effects were observed among women than men. By-country analyses revealed cross country variations in the size of the positive association between parenthood and anti-immigrant sentiments. Complementary analyses further showed a stronger effect of parenthood among younger parents (who were more likely to have young, dependent children) than among older parents. Overall, although statistically significant on members of ethnic majorities in the countries surveyed, positive effects of parenthood on anti-immigrant sentiments were modest. This may be due to high levels of safety in contemporary industrialized societies limiting the activation of threat-avoidance mechanisms. Limitations regarding possible confounds are discussed.
Definitional confusion and collateral damage due to new deforestation-free trade policies
Authors: van Noordwijk Meine , Dewi Sonya , Minang Peter , Harrison Rhett , Leimona Beria , Burgers Paul , Slingerland Maja , Sassen Marieke , Watson Cathy , Do Hoan Trong , Sayer Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

1. New policies for deforestation-free trade policies, such as the European Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), critically depend on the definition of forest, as mappable land cover and/or as rights-related land use type. Areas with a high tree cover combined with agricultural use and agroforestry are excluded from the official forest definition but are not separately mapped. Based on the definitional confusion and publicly available maps traders (and EUDR control agents?) erroneously perceive high risks of deforestation for EUDR-compliant forest-margin farmers practicing agroforestry. Laudable objectives and perceived rights to act do not prevent collateral damage to ‘bystanders’ in a contested space. 2. Designed to reduce the shared responsibility for demand-driven deforestation associated with seven ‘forest-risk’ commodities, the regulation requires a detailed account of production locations, to be checked against existing spatial information on deforestation. However, the ‘non-mandatory’ EU-forest map for the 2020 reference date claims, for example, 25% more forest than what the government of Indonesia reports internationally. In Indonesia the risk of misrepresentation as forest on the ‘indicative’ EU forest map was 31% for tree crop monocultures (other than oil palm) and 63% for agroforests (rubber, cacao or coffee). The EUDR maps are not fit for the purpose for which they were designed. 3. In our analysis expected collateral damage is due to: Oversight (of social impacts on smallholders), Overconfidence (ignoring the considerable gap between the forest definition and available tree cover data), Overkill (the high precision of required production data is not aligned with capacities for valid interpretation) and Overreach (through a forest definition that has exclusion of agricultural use as key element). 4. Options respecting the common-but-differentiated responsibility of local and national governments (Far together instead of fast alone) have been discarded. A focus on old-growth forest (primary or naturally regenerated forest of high conservation value) could leave regulation of other tree cover to more local institutions. EUDR design flaws can still be corrected if collateral damage is recognized and taken seriously by the EU authorities.
Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Stimulus
Authors: Rayudu Posina Venkata
Published: October 2024

Myths, movies, and novels are all playgrounds inviting the subject to be free—freedom-from-stimulus—choose her very own conscious experience (e.g., remember crying in the movies as if a string of images is actually a real person really dying, knowing full-well and willingly discounting the fact that it's just a movie—made for the express purpose of eliciting a pre-conceptualized experience), which the subject sometimes unwittingly gives up—voluntarily surrendering his freedom when he asks "what does it really mean?" which in turn fueled somewhat militant artistic movements: "against interpretation" that celebrate "refusal to communicate." Watching a movie is less of an amusement / entertainment purchased on sale and more of a flexing of the freedom that is conscious experience. We look at play, given our religious commitment to the utilitarian calculus of work ethic, as refueling for purposeful work, but a play is a play is play as in leela: festive dance of subjective conscious experience. The warring factions in the epic intellectual battle that is living have been labeled as contrasting: Being vs. Becoming (unity vs. change), but we can, in the hope of staying cognizant of our most precious inheritance of freedom to see, think, and feel, rename the dialectic: Naming vs. Being, in a nod to the primacy of mind-made and in an acknowledgement of the fact that things don't come equipped with theories.
Out-of-Phase Rhythmic Sampling of Internal Visual Target and Distractor Object Representations Correlates with Target Discrimination
Authors: Noah Sean , Meyyappan Sreenivasan , Ding Mingzhou , Mangun George R.
Published: October 2024

Recent studies suggest that sustained visual attention operates rhythmically, as if the visual system periodically samples stimuli in the environment. In this study, we find evidence for rhythmic attentional sampling of internal representations of Targets and Distractors up to almost one second after the offset of visual stimulation. Twenty participants performed an anticipatory object-based visual attention task in which they were instructed to determine whether a short-lasting Target object image was blurry or not-blurry. This task was made more challenging by the overlaid presentation of a Distractor object image that might also be blurry, requiring focused attention to the cued object category to perform the task successfully. We recorded EEG during the task and performed a decoding analysis on the stimulus-evoked EEG to measure Target and Distractor information present in the scalp voltage topography over the stimulus epoch. We found that the magnitude of the represented Target and Distractor information oscillates in the theta frequency range (4-8 Hz), consistent with previous characterizations of rhythmic attentional sampling. Moreover, we found a correlation between the Target-Distractor theta band phase difference and task performance. Our findings suggest that: 1. Attention separately samples Target and Distractor representations during the cognitive processes that occur between stimulus presentation and behavioral response; 2. These separately sampled streams of information interfere with one another; and 3. Target discrimination improves when Target and Distractor sampling rhythms are desynchronized.
The Music of the Hemispheres and the Heart of Neurodynamics
Authors: Jacob Michael
Published: October 2024

Neuroscience is traditionally considered a branch of biology, with interdisciplinary influences from a wide range of fields including psychology, computer science, engineering and mathematics. As a result, a computational approach to neuroscience has emerged that analyzes human brain activity as the superposition of signals that yield complex rhythms and nonlinear dynamics. The computational approach assumes that normative properties, such as value, meaning and purpose, that are highly relevant to humanity are somehow emergent from these otherwise mechanical interactions. Here, I propose that brain dynamics reflect an organic whole that, in the words of Iain McGilchrist, is “inextricably linked with values, meaning and purpose.” This proposal suggests that brain activity can be investigated as a “kind of music:” a global, emotive form, the shape of which contains nested information regarding vital physiology and embodied emotionality. Using electroencephalography (EEG) as an example, and drawing on the field of musicology, I review historical and recent evidence that reveals how neurodynamics can be seen more like music or an artistic creation: multi-scale, context sensitive, dynamically evolving, and intrinsically meaningful. This “neurodynamics of music” hypothesis is investigated using a geometric framework that includes rhythms and nonlinear dynamics, but where those properties must be understood in the context of the vital metabolism of living organisms. Vital, homeostatic and emotional signals underpin the recurrent play of anticipation and fulfillment in life, brain activity and from which, differentiated meaning is sculpted from the global whole. Neuroscience can benefit from the tools of the humanities informing its analytic methods, theoretical assumptions and interpretive frameworks. Through reengagement with the musical heart of neurodynamics, we may be more inclined to see our brains, our minds, and ourselves, as creatively meaningful, purposeful and alive.
Amoral Wolves and Cultured Reindeer: Anthropomorphism and Ethical Judgments in the Case of Reindeer Herders of European Russia and Western Siberia
Authors: Istomin Kirill
Published: October 2024

Ethical evaluation and ethical judgments about animals are traditionally regarded as hopelessly anthropomorphic and even anthropocentric: it is believed that they are based on attributing, without sufficient grounds, human qualities such as free will as well as human values to the animals. This belief, however, is based on an implicit assumption that the logic of ethical judgments about animals is the same as that used in the case of humans. In this paper, which is based on ethnographic data on reindeer-herding nomads of the European part of Russia and of Western Siberia, I demonstrate that this assumption is false. In the case of reindeer herders, ethical judgments about animals are based on detailed knowledge of their behaviour originating from the experience of direct interaction with them. They take into account possible variations of animal behaviour and do not contain any mechanical transfer of human values. Furthermore, in the case of domestic animals, the behaviour introduced by constant interaction with their masters represents a special object of evaluation, which involves ethical assessment of the masters themselves. Therefore, if it can be said that some anthropomorphism is involved here, then it is an anthropomorphism of a special kind, one that is based on knowledge and represents an effective means of learning. The ethical judgments themselves can play an important role in organizing interaction between the herders and the animals and in their mutual adaptation.
“Elephant Ayurveda” at the 18th-century Russian Court: Medical Pluralism, Technology Transfer, and Avatars of Power
Authors: Pirogovskaya Maria
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes Russian documents of the 18th century related to the delivery of elephants to the Russian court, their allowance and treatment. The study focuses on the political and technological aspects of the animals’ life. The relocation of elephants from eastern powers to Moscow and St Petersburg was part of animal diplomacy and was conditioned by the status of animals as avatars of power. In turn, elephantine political charisma encouraged both parties — the donor and recipient of living gifts — to invest considerable effort in maintaining their well-being. For this purpose, the Russian Empire imported elephant keepers (mahouts), oriental food and Ayurvedic medicines. The author proposes to consider people, equipment, food, and medicinal matter as components of a technological system. The relocation of elephants between different states is interpreted as a case of technology transfer, which follows the same logic as the more explored scalable technologies. In this way, the therapeutic landscape of the Russian Empire was enriched with enclaves of Eastern medical knowledge that were conditioned by animal life. The results of the study not only complicate current ideas about historical configurations of medical pluralism, but also provide new insights into the grand narrative about the trajectories of knowledge importation in early modern Russia.
Aportes para instalar y consolidar centros y programas de escritura: el caso railees
Authors: Castagno Fabiana , Giammarini Gabriela L. , Waigandt Diana M. , Ávila Ximena
Published: October 2024

Este capítulo tiene como propósito presentar una experiencia de cooperación académico–científica entre instituciones universitarias de Argentina a través de la conformación y desarrollo de una red interinstitucional. Se trata de la Red Argentina de Instituciones Lectoras y Escritoras de Educación Superior (railees). Esta iniciativa se orienta al abordaje de las prácticas letradas en los procesos de formación, de producción y de socialización de conocimiento en tanto son concebidas como vías para favorecer políticas de democratización del nivel con base en los principios de inclusión con calidad. Se describe el contexto de surgimiento, su encuadre teórico, sus principios, enfoque y estrategias sobre los que se asienta el desarrollo de su accionar. También, se describen dos iniciativas desplegadas como parte del trabajo en dicha red que materializan su modo de operar y se consideran potencialmente valiosas para aportar posibles maneras de instalar y desarrollar redes de este tipo.
Principios didácticos como eje transversal de un centro de escritura digital para la educación superior
Authors: Calle Álvarez Gerzon Yair , Chaverra Fernández Dora Inés , Hurtado Vergara Rubén Darío , Bolívar Buriticá Wilson Antonio
Published: October 2024

En este capítulo se abordan los principios didácticos que fundamentan el diseño y operación de un centro de escritura digital (CED) desde los componentes que lo integran: la tutoría académica desarrollada de forma individual o colectiva, los talleres virtuales de escritura que combinan el trabajo en línea con el tutor y las orientaciones para el trabajo independiente, y la biblioteca de recursos digitales a través de los cuales se materializa la tutoría. Para ello, se presentan los referentes teóricos sobre alfabetización académica en la cultura digital que soportan conceptualmente el funcionamiento del ced en la educación superior. Posteriormente, se desarrollan los principios didácticos como eje transversal del mismo: énfasis en la producción de ideas, formación en la autonomía, aprendizaje colaborativo, el error como oportunidad para el aprendizaje y la usabilidad de las tecnologías digitales. Finalmente, se presentan unas conclusiones desde los aportes desarrollados en el capítulo para los académicos e investigadores interesados en su diseño y operación.
Demonstration of Helium Measurement Capability to Support Repair of Irradiated Components
Authors: Collin Jean , Marks Chuck , Dingee Jack , Tatman Jonathan
Published: October 2024

As many nuclear power plants are in the license renewal operating period and some are entering subsequent license renewal, there is increased probability that repairs will be needed on components that have been exposed to significant neutron fluence. The neutron-driven transmutation of nickel and tramp boron in austenitic materials commonly used in reactor internals can lead to the generation of trapped helium and the associated risk of helium-induced cracking (HeIC) during weld repairs. In the weld heat affected zone, where temperatures are insufficient to allow the helium to diffuse out of the material, the helium can remain trapped. Upon cooling, the residual stresses, combined with weakened grain boundaries due to helium coalescence, can lead to cracking. The current ASME limit for helium content for Code repairs is 0.1 appm. Prior work has demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between helium content and permissible weld heat input for avoidance of HelC. The helium concentration in the material to be repaired is thus a critical input to the development of weld repair processes to be applied to these materials. The reliable measurement of helium in irradiated materials at concentrations relevant for the evaluation of HeIC risk is a specialized process. It is important to demonstrate that the capability is available and can be practically leveraged to support emergent repairs. This paper presents on the execution and results of a multi-laboratory test program aimed at demonstrating the industry capability of acquiring accurate, repeatable, and timely measurements of relatively low concentrations of helium (< ~20 appm) within austenitic materials commonly used in reactor internals. Participating laboratories were supplied with equivalent specimens extracted from boron-doped coupons that were irradiated to drive the boron-to-helium transmutation reaction. The results and lessons learned from the program are expected to support the development of industry guidance for the acquisition of similar measurements supporting nuclear component repairs.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-based Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Dryepondt Sebastien , Hyer Holden , List Fred , Taller Stephen , Ziabari Amir , Su Yi-Feng , Snow Zackary
Published: October 2024

The Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (AMMT) program is aiming at the accelerated incorporation of new materials and manufacturing technologies into nuclear-related systems. Complex Ni-based components fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) could enable operating temperatures at T > 700°C in aggressive environments such as molten salts or liquid metals. However, available mechanical properties data relevant to material qualification remains limited, in particular for Ni-based alloys routinely fabricated by LPBF such as IN718 (Ni- 19Cr-18Fe-5Nb-3Mo) and Haynes 282 (Ni-20Cr-10Co-8.5Mo-2.1Ti-1.5Al). Creep testing was conducted on LPBF 718 at 600°C and 650°C and on LPBF 282 at 750°C. finding that the creep strength of the two alloys was close to that of wrought counterparts. with lower ductility at rupture. Heat treatments were tailored to the LPBF-specific microstructure to achieve grain recrystallization and form strengthening γ' precipitates for LPBF 282 and γ' and γ" precipitates for LPBF 718. In-situ data generated during printing and ex-situ X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans were used to correlate the creep properties of LPBF 282 to the material flaw distribution. In- situ data revealed that spatter particles are the potential causes for flaws formation in LPBF 282. with significant variation between rods based on their location on the build plate. XCT scans revealed the formation of a larger number of creep flaws after testing in the specimens with a higher initial flaw density. which led to a lower ductility for the specimen.
Investigating the Microstructural Evolution of Inconel 718 under a Controlled Thermal Gradient
Authors: Koko Abdalrhaman , Bond Wesley , Simpson Rob , Lodeiro Maria , Mendieta Aldo , Sutton Gavin
Published: October 2024

This study demonstrates the Electro-Thermal Mechanical Testing (ETMT) system's capability to analyze the thermo-mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 (IN718) at a heating rate of 5 °C/s, achieving temperatures up to 950 °C. The temperature profile peaks at the sample's center and is approximately 25 °C at the extremes. Upon reaching 950 °C, the sample was aged for 30 hours before being rapidly quenched. This process froze the microstructure, preserving the phase transformations that occurred at various temperatures across the temperature parabolic gradient, which resulted in a complex gradient microstructure, providing a comprehensive map of phase transformations in IN718. The integration of thermal measurement, COMSOL modeling, scanning electron microscopy enabled a thorough characterization of the microstructural evolution in IN718, linking observed phases to the specific temperatures which provided a rapid screening of the effect of using different heating treatment routes.
Microstructural Analysis of MoSiBTiC Alloys Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy Image Segmentation
Authors: Kudo Chihana , Yan Xinyu , Yoshimi Kyosuke
Published: October 2024

The microstructure of MoSiBTiC alloys is very complex, with three to four constituent phases and characteristic structures such as fine precipitates and lamellar structures. To perform the microstructural analysis efficiently, image segmentation was first performed for each phase of the microstructural images. Utilizing the Trainable Weka Segmentation method based on machine learning, the required segmentation time was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, by pre-adjusting the contrast of the images, the segmentation could be performed accurately for gray phases with different shades of gray. In addition, the U-Net method, based on deep learning, could perform highly accurate segmentation of characteristic microstructures consisting of multiple phases. The correlations between microstructural features and hardness were investigated using the segmented images in this study. The findings revealed that the volume fraction of each phase and the number of TiC clusters within the field of view significantly influenced hardness. This suggests that the hardness of MoSiBTiC alloys may be controlled by controlling the amount of TiC precipitates.
INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING OF YOUTH ORGANIZATION TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY
Authors: Meythi Meythi  , Riki Martusa  , Asep R. Rukmana
Published: October 2024

The urgency of this research is focused on the education of strengthening Youth Organization institutions towards a Green Economy. Through this activity, it is hoped that the Youth Organization of Joglo Hamlet is ready for the Green Economy and can be equipped to take advantage of existing economic opportunities. In addition, this activity can provide assistance to partners (Youth Organization of Joglo Hamlet) in order to improve community welfare through Freshwater Fish Breeding. The purpose of this activity is to provide experience and knowledge for partners (Youth Organization of Joglo Hamlet) to be able to strengthen the Youth Organization institution towards a Green Economy. It is hoped that this activity will become an opening activity to establish closer cooperation between academics and the community, so that in the future more intensive assistance can be carried out.
As práticas informais urbanas: uma resposta para as comunidades
Authors: Anile Lorena Helena
Published: October 2024

Introdução: As práticas informais urbanas estão cada vez mais sendo consideradas como funcionais no ceio do desenvolvimento da sociedade urbana, seja ela formal ou informal. A nível comunitário estas práticas são mais percetíveis, considerando-nas como estratégias que os atores sociais criam para atender a sua necessidade de habitar na cidade. Metodologia: Este estudo tem como método de pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza indutiva, realizada através da pesquisa de terreno, utilizando como técnica e instrumento de recolha de dados a observações não-participante, análise documental, pesquisa bibliográfica e a realização de 07 entrevista (história de vida). Resultados: As práticas urbanas informais se manifestam na coletividade através das relações sociais, se concretizando mediante as redes de solidariedade e entreajuda que encontramos nas relações de vizinhança que protegem os bairros e dão respostas as suas próprias necessidades sociais. Discussão: As práticas informais urbanas não só contribuem para o enraizamento e a constituição do território informal, como foi a partir delas que esse território pôde ser construído, compreendendo que tais relações sociais e a entreajuda estão no pilar do desenvolvimento de todo esse processo. Conclusão: Constatamos, também, que estes espaços podem ser promotores de um desenvolvimento local pautado na sua sustentabilidade e autonomia comunitária.
Differentiating Primary and Recurrent Lesions in Patients with a History of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zarghami Anita , Mirmalek Seyed Abbas
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer (BC) recurrence remains a concerning issue, requiring accurate identification and differentiation from primary lesions for optimal patient management. This comprehensive review aims to summarize and evaluate the current evidence on methods to distinguish primary breast tumors from recurrent lesions in patients with a history of BC. Also, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the different imaging techniques, including mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, highlighting their diagnostic accuracy, limitations, and potential integration. In addition, the role of various biopsy modalities and molecular markers was explored. Furthermore, the potential role of liquid biopsy, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor DNA in differentiating between primary and recurrent BC was emphasized. Finally, it addresses emerging diagnostic modalities, such as radiomic analysis and artificial intelligence, which show promising potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Through comprehensive analysis and review of the available literature, the current study provides an up-to-date understanding of the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future directions in accurately distinguishing between primary and recurrent breast lesions in patients with a history of BC.
Healing Effects of Luteolin Versus Silver Sulphadiazine on Second-Degree Burn Wounds in Animal Model
Authors: Salimi-Tabatabaee Seyed Alireza , Karamali Fatemeh , Rahimi Ghobad , Mirmalek Seyed Abbas , Shafagh Shima , Sadeghi Hassan Abadi Hossein
Published: October 2024

Background: Burn wounds are one of the most important injuries with significant mortality and morbidity. Although some treatments like silver sulphadiazine (SSD) ointment were introduced, the more effective as well as lower complications agents are under investigation. Current evidence shows that luteolin, as a flavonoid component of some fruits, has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. this study aimed to investigate healing effects of luteolin ointments on second-degree burn wounds in rat models and compared it with SSD. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. A 2×2 cm2 circled second-degree wound was induced on the dorsal surface of the rat neck. In the control group, rats received no any treatments while in the vehicle group rats received ointment base, i.e., eucerin. Rats in positive control and experimental groups were treated with SSD and luteolin ointments (i.e., contained 2 and 5 percent of luteolin), respectively. The treatments of rats were performed daily for 17 days and wound closer rate (WCR) was measured. Also, histopathological examinations graded the severity of tissue damages using the determination of collagen formation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis rate, and polymorphological leukocyte density. Results: On the 17th day, WCR in control and vehicle groups was markedly lower than in both treatment and experimental groups (P<0.005). Also, WCRs in the L2% and L5% groups were higher than the SSD group. Histopathological studies indicated more significant wound healing effects of L2% and L5% ointments versus SSD and eucerin treatments in terms of tissue-enhanced damage severity in a dose-dependent manner. Also, collagen formation and re-epithelialization were markedly more observed in the rats, which received luteolin ointments than in other groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that based on WCR and histopathological examination findings, luteolin ointments could significantly enhance wound healing more than SSD in the second-degree wounds rat model.