bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Dissipation Design Based on Topology Optimization and Auxiliary Materials
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Yan Zhongming , Qiao Yang , Lin Feihong , Wang Yu , Zhou Hongcheng
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a variable density topology optimization method is used to design a high thermal conductivity path structure for efficient heat dissipation. The temperature and stiffness in the module volume are taken as the objective function. Simulations are carried out to compare with a high-power electronics device heat dissipation. The heat dissipation performance (HDP) of structures optimized topologically is further enhanced through the use of auxiliary materials, including highly thermally conductive coating material and phase change material (PCM). The efficient heat dissipation of the constructed topology optimization model and the effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.
Localized Blowing for Near-Wake Flow and Vortical Structure Control in Turbulent Boundary Layers Over Periodic Two-Dimensional Roughness
Authors: Hamed Ali M. , Gallary Ryan M. , McAtee Bailey R.
Published: November 2023

Volumetric three-component flow measurements were made to investigate localized blowing (injection) as a control strategy for turbulent boundary layers over k-type two-dimensional (2D) roughness. The flow measurements were made using particle tracking velocimetry at a Reynolds number of 100,000, based on the freestream velocity and boundary layer thickness. The roughness occupied ∼13% of the boundary layer thickness and consisted of transverse square bars positioned periodically at a pitch-to-height ratio of 11. Two cases were considered: a baseline case without blowing and a case with blowing through five spanwise jets issuing from the downstream face of the 11th bar. The results highlight the effectiveness of blowing in reducing the size of the recirculation zone and turbulence past the bar. Specifically, the spanwise-averaged flow field for the blowing case shows a 40% reduction in the reattachment length and ∼25% reduction in the maximum Reynolds shear stress relative to the baseline case. Moreover, visualizations of the vortical structures past the bars for the baseline case display coherent spanwise vortices similar to those observed past isolated 2D bars and backward-facing steps; however, the spanwise vortices observed here exhibit more three-dimensionality likely due to the turbulence enhanced by upstream bars. Blowing disrupts these spanwise vortices and produces new vortical structures with a wall-normal sense of rotation, although significantly weaker than the spanwise vortices. As such, blowing results in a reduction in the spanwise-averaged spanwise vorticity characteristic of the flow over k-type 2D roughness. The disruption of the spanwise vortices and the reduction in the size of the recirculation zone are likely responsible for the reduction in the Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy in the near wake.
What a Wave Buoy Actually Measures in 3D: Analysis of a Mild Sea State
Authors: Ding Yue , Taylor Paul H. , Zhao Wenhua , Dory Jean-Noel
Published: November 2023

Measurements of surface waves from oceanographic buoys have been regarded as the “ground truth” for validation of sea-state prediction models, providing the basis for input to the design of offshore structures. The engineering practice is to produce wave statistics of vertical surface displacements over periods of years. However, a wave buoy can provide simultaneous time histories of its motion, one vertically and the other two horizontally, giving the complete vector displacement field in time. We investigate the measured time histories of a wave buoy in three orthogonal directions and explore the relationship between them, for a relatively benign, so typical, sea state. We adopt a NewWave-type analysis to investigate the average shape of the large events across the measured time histories. In combination with a conditioning analysis, we give a reciprocity relationship between the vertical displacement of the wave buoy and those in the horizontal plane. The relationship is of value, as it allows for the prediction of wave kinematics in the horizontal plane based on the vertical measurement only. We observe significant second-order components in the measured data in the horizontal directions and smaller contributions vertically. This data-driven analysis paves the way for wave-by-wave prediction and the active control of wave energy converters and personnel transfers offshore.
4H-SiC layer with multiple trenches in lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors for high temperature and high voltage applications
Authors: Sohrabi-Movahed Amir , Orouji Ali Asghar
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we present a novel lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor for high-temperature and high breakdown voltage applications. The key idea in our study is replacing a 4H-SiC layer in a part of the buried oxide region (BOX) to reduce temperature effects. Moreover, the top of the 4H-SiC layer has multiple trenches to increase the breakdown voltage. These multiple trenches have been filled with an N-type silicon material. So, we call the proposed structures as multiple trenches 4H-SiC LDMOS (MTSiC-LDMOS). The proposed device is simulated by a two-dimensional ATLAS simulator, and we have shown that the maximum lattice temperature decreases and the breakdown voltage improves by optimization of multiple trenches in the 4H-SiC region. Also, the results show that the current flow and specific on-resistance have improved. Therefore, the MTSiC-LDMOS structure is more reliable than a conventional LDMOS (C-LDMOS) for high-temperature and high breakdown voltage applications.
Improved optical efficiency of GaAs-based infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser enabled by combining a metallic reflector and a Bragg reflector
Authors: Jang In-Kyu , Lee Hyung-Joo , Kim Dae-Kwang , Kwac Lee-Ku , Cho Sung Woon
Published: November 2023

The use of coupled reflectors was investigated to improve the device performance of GaAs-based 860 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Here, the combined reflector was fabricated by coupling a metallic reflector (Ag) and a distributed Bragg reflector of an epitaxial structure. The performance parameters of the VCSEL, such as light-emitting efficiency, operational voltage, and power consumption, were dramatically improved by using a combined reflector. As a result, infrared GaAs-based VCSELs with combined reflectors could show superior light-emitting performance and reduced operational threshold voltage characteristics compared to conventional VCSELs.
Modeling and algorithm of three-dimensional metrology with critical dimension scanning electron microscope
Authors: Chen Delong , Zhou Jielin , Zhang Yanjun , Xiao Erbo , Ge Jinguo , Li Quantong , Liu Zhuming
Published: November 2023

To address the challenges of accurate metrology of height and sidewall angle (SWA) of three-dimensional structures with critical dimension scanning electron microscopy, general modeling and algorithms based on tilted electron beam technology and the corresponding application skills are proposed, and the validity and error accuracy are evaluated as well. Three typical structures, the trapezoid, inverted trapezoid, and step, are investigated with Monte Carlo simulation. The maximum derivative method is used to extract key parameters from the secondary electron linescan. The efficiency of the proposed modeling, algorithms, and the accuracy of the calculated height and SWA are improved further with the application of wavelet transform.
Temporal coherence of harmonic frequencies affects echo detection in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus
Authors: Simmons James A. , Hom Kelsey N. , Simmons Andrea Megela
Published: November 2023

Echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) broadcast frequency modulated (FM) ultrasonic pulses containing two prominent harmonic sweeps (FM1, FM2). Both harmonics typically return as echoes at the same absolute time delay following the broadcast, making them coherent. Electronically splitting FM1 and FM2 allows their time delays to be controlled separately, making them non-coherent. Earlier work shows that big brown bats discriminate coherent from split harmonic, non-coherent echoes and that disruptions of harmonic coherence produce blurry acoustic images. A psychophysical experiment on two trained big brown bats tested the hypothesis that detection thresholds for split harmonic, non-coherent echoes are higher than those for coherent echoes. Thresholds of the two bats for detecting 1-glint echoes with coherent harmonics were around 35 and 36 dB sound pressure level, respectively, while thresholds for split harmonic echoes were about 10 dB higher. When the delay of FM2 in split harmonic echoes is shortened by 75 μs to offset neural amplitude-latency trading and restore coherence in the auditory representation, thresholds decreased back down to those estimated for coherent echoes. These results show that echo detection is affected by loss of harmonic coherence, consistent with the proposed broader role of coherence across frequencies for auditory perception.
Modeling of recovery efficiency of sampling devices used in planetary protection bioburden estimation
Authors: DiNicola Michael , Seuylemezian Arman , Guan Lisa , Moissl-Eichinger Christine , Baker Amy , Johns Jason
Published: November 2023

Planetary protection is a discipline dedicated to preventing biological contamination between celestial bodies and Earth during space exploration to ensure the integrity of scientific research. National space agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European Space Agency set biological cleanliness requirements for their missions based on the guidelines provided in The Committee on Space Research’s Planetary Protection Policy. Compliance with these requirements is often demonstrated by surface sampling of spacecraft hardware and associated surfaces to enumerate the number of microorganisms present and establish that they are below the required level. The discipline has employed a variety of tools to perform sampling; the recovery efficiency of which is a key parameter used to generate spacecraft level cleanliness estimates. In this study, we investigated how recovery efficiency differs by inoculum amount and species. This was analyzed across different sampling devices using a set of microorganisms applied to stainless steel surfaces (representative of spacecraft surfaces) and two processing methods. Data were analyzed by developing a probabilistic model of the experimental process, from stainless steel coupon inoculation through recovery of spores observed in the form of colony forming units. The model quantifies the probability that an individual spore is recovered, a key metric for predicting bioburden and statistically assessing bioburden requirements. A cost function was developed to identify those assay methods that provided optimal bioburden estimation capability. Results show the nylon-flocked swab and the TX3211 wipe yield the highest recovery efficiency of those tested.

IMPORTANCE

Planetary protection at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) requires bioburden on certain spacecraft to be estimated via sampling in order to comply with biological cleanliness requirements. To achieve this, the recovery efficiency of devices used to sample the spacecraft pre-launch must be understood and their uncertainty quantified in order to produce the most reasonable estimates of bioburden. This study brings together experiments performed by NASA and the European Space Agency with approved swab and wipe sampling devices, inoculating steel coupons with laboratory strains of
Bacillus
spp. spores commonly recovered from spacecraft assembly clean rooms (
B. atrophaeus
,
B. megaterium
,
B. safensis
and
B. thuringiensis
), with a mathematical model of the assay process to assess recovery efficiency. The statistical treatment developed in this study allows comparison of bioburden estimates made from different devices processed by different methods. This study also gives stakeholders and practitioners a statistically rigorous approach to predict bioburden that can be folded into future modeling efforts.
Pantailocins: phage-derived bacteriocins from
Pantoea ananatis
and
Pantoea stewartii
subsp.
indologenes
Authors: Stice Shaun P. , Jan Hsiao-Hsuan , Chen Hsiao-Chun , Nwosu Linda , Shin Gi Yoon , Weaver Savannah , Coutinho Teresa , Kvitko Brian H. , Baltrus David A.
Published: November 2023

Phage-derived bacteriocins are highly specific and effective antimicrobial molecules, which have successfully been used as prophylactic treatments to prevent phytopathogen infections. Given the specificity of tailocins, a necessary step for broadening the tailocin catalog and for extending applicability across systems and diseases is the screening of new clades of phytopathogens for the production of molecules with tailocin-like killing activity. Here, we describe the production by and sensitivity of strains to tailocins produced by
Pantoea ananatis
and
Pantoea stewartii
subsp.
indologenes
. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that these tailocins are derived from Myoviridae family phage like many previously described R-type tailocins but also suggests that cooption from phage occurred independently of previously described tailocins. Since these tailocin encoding loci are present in the same genomic locations across multiple strains of both species and display a level of divergence that is consistent with other shared regions between the genomes and with vertical inheritance of the locus, we refer to them broadly as “Pantailocins.”

IMPORTANCE

Phage-derived bacteriocins (tailocins) are ribosomally synthesized structures produced by bacteria in order to provide advantages against competing strains under natural conditions. Tailocins are highly specific in their target range and have proven to be effective for the prevention and/or treatment of bacterial diseases under clinical and agricultural settings. We describe the discovery and characterization of a new tailocin locus encoded within genomes of
Pantoea ananatis
and
Pantoea stewartii
subsp.
indologenes
, which may enable the development of tailocins as preventative treatments against phytopathogenic infection by these species.
In vitro
digestion of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated berries reveals high inactivation of infectious virus during gastrointestinal passage
Authors: Esseili Malak A.
Published: November 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectivity was shown to be stable on frozen berries for at least a month; however, whether the virus on berries remains infectious as it passes through the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Here, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity on berries under
in vitro
digestion was investigated. The INFOGEST (an international network of excellence on the fate of food in the gastrointestinal tract) and the biorelevant fast- and fed-state models were used. SARS-CoV-2 (~7 log 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID
50
]/mL) infectivity was assessed in blueberry and strawberry homogenates at 4°C and 37°C, and following consecutive oral (2 min), gastric (10 and 60 min), and intestinal (15 and 120 min) digestion at 37°C. SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was quantified on Vero-E6 cell line using the TCID
50
assay. SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in berry homogenates was stable for 120 min at 4°C; however, the virus was completely inactivated at 37°C within 60 min. The biorelevant fed-state model closely mimicked the INFOGEST model. In the oral phase, SARS-CoV-2 infectivity decreased by ~1 log, which did not change during the 10-min gastric digestion. By 60 min of gastric digestion, strawberries had a protective effect on SARS-CoV-2, showing less inactivation (~2 log) in comparison to blueberries (~3–3.4 log). The viruses entering the intestinal phase showed a 2.6–3.3 log inactivation within 15 min. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 in the fast-state model showed high inactivation at the 10- and 15-min gastric and intestinal time points (2.5 and 4 log, respectively). Therefore, under high levels of SARS-CoV-2 contamination of berries, it is possible for the virus to infect the oral cavity but less likely to infect the intestine.

IMPORTANCE

During the pandemic, news outlets occasionally reported on the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on various foods, raising concerns over contaminated foods initiating infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients often experience gastrointestinal symptoms and shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their feces. In addition, active virus replication in the gastrointestinal tract was shown; however, infectious viruses were rarely detected in feces. We previously showed that SARS-CoV-2 remained infectious on frozen berries for at least a month. Here,
in vitro
digestion models showed that SARS-CoV-2 on berries exhibits minimal inactivation at the oral phase and the virus may escape gastric inactivation early during feeding. However, high intestinal inactivation of the virus on berries suggested that SARS-CoV-2 was less likely to initiate infection in the small intestine. In contrast, the oral cavity is a potential site where infection might be initiated, providing more input for the gastrointestinal tract. High intestinal inactivation might explain the difficulty of detecting infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces but not of virus RNA.
Systems-wide analysis of the ROK-family regulatory gene
rokL6
and its role in the control of glucosamine toxicity in
Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Li Chao , Urem Mia , Du Chao , Zhang Le , van Wezel Gilles P.
Published: November 2023

Streptomycetes are saprophytic bacteria that grow on complex polysaccharides, such as cellulose, starch, chitin, and chitosan. For the monomeric building blocks glucose, maltose, and
N
-acetylglucosamine, the metabolic pathways are well-documented, but that of glucosamine (GlcN) is largely unknown.
Streptomyces nagB
mutants, which lack glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase activity, fail to grow in the presence of high concentrations of GlcN. Here, we report that mutations in the gene for the ROK-family transcriptional regulator RokL6 relieve the toxicity of GlcN in
nagB
mutants, as a result of elevated expression of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) exporter SCO1448. Systems-wide analysis using RNA sequencing, ChIP-Seq, EMSAs, 5′RACE, bioinformatics, and genetics revealed that RokL6 is an autoregulator that represses the transcription of sco1448 by binding to overlapping promoters in the
rokL6
-sco1448 intergenic region. RokL6-independent expression of sco1448 fully relieved the toxicity of GlcN to
nagB
mutants. Taken together, our data show a novel system of RokL6 as a regulator that controls the expression of the MFS transporter SCO1448, which in turn protects cells against GlcN toxicity, most likely by exporting toxic metabolites out of the cell.

IMPORTANCE

Central metabolism plays a key role in the control of growth and antibiotic production in streptomycetes. Specifically, aminosugars act as signaling molecules that affect development and antibiotic production, via metabolic interference with the global repressor DasR. While aminosugar metabolism directly connects to other major metabolic routes such as glycolysis and cell wall synthesis, several important aspects of their metabolism are yet unresolved. Accumulation of
N
-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate or glucosamine 6-phosphate is lethal to many bacteria, a yet unresolved phenomenon referred to as “aminosugar sensitivity.” We made use of this concept by selecting for suppressors in genes related to glucosamine toxicity in
nagB
mutants, which showed that the gene pair of
rok
-family regulatory gene
rokL6
and major facilitator superfamily transporter gene sco1448 forms a cryptic rescue mechanism. Inactivation of
rokL6
resulted in the expression of sco1448, which then prevents the toxicity of amino sugar-derived metabolites in
Streptomyces
. The systems biology of RokL6 and its transcriptional control of sco1448 shed new light on aminosugar metabolism in streptomycetes and on the response of bacteria to aminosugar toxicity.
CRISPR-Cas attack of HIV-1 proviral DNA can cause unintended deletion of surrounding cellular DNA
Authors: Liu Ye , Binda Caroline S. , Berkhout Ben , Das Atze T.
Published: November 2023

Several studies indicate that CRISPR-Cas gene-editing systems can be used to inactivate the HIV-1 proviral DNA in infected cells. Such gene editing introduces mutations, mostly small insertions and deletions (indels), at the targeted sites in the HIV genome or causes excision or inversion of the proviral DNA fragment between two target sites. To investigate whether CRISPR-Cas treatment of latently infected T cell lines can also cause large unintended deletions, we designed a PCR-based sequencing strategy with primer binding sites at various positions in the chromosomal DNA surrounding the integrated proviral DNA genome. We, here, demonstrate that both continuous and transient CRISPR-Cas attack on the integrated HIV DNA does not only result in the expected small indels, but also frequently causes much larger deletions that can include flanking cellular DNA sequences. Analysis of the breakpoint junction sites indicates that the deletions were triggered by an initial on-target attack by CRISPR-Cas. Upon continuous CRISPR-Cas treatment, small microhomologies were frequently observed at the junction sites, which indicates that microhomology-mediated end-joining DNA repair is involved in the generation of the large deletions. As the loss of chromosomal sequences may cause oncogenic cell transformation, unintended large deletions form a potential safety risk in clinical application of this antiviral application.

IMPORTANCE

Although HIV replication can be effectively inhibited by antiretroviral therapy, this does not result in a cure as the available drugs do not inactivate the integrated HIV-1 DNA in infected cells. Consequently, HIV-infected individuals need lifelong therapy to prevent viral rebound. Several preclinical studies indicate that CRISPR-Cas gene-editing systems can be used to achieve permanent inactivation of the viral DNA. It was previously shown that this inactivation was due to small inactivating mutations at the targeted sites in the HIV genome and to excision or inversion of the viral DNA fragment between two target sites. We, here, demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas treatment also causes large unintended deletions, which can include surrounding chromosomal sequences. As the loss of chromosomal sequences may cause oncogenic transformation of the cell, such unintended large deletions form a potential safety risk in clinical application of this antiviral application and possibly all CRISPR-Cas gene-editing approaches.
The dynamic nature of aTiO2: Implications for Ti-based thermometers in magmatic systems
Authors: Fonseca Teixeira L.M. , Troch J. , Bachmann O.
Published: November 2023

In recent decades, new Ti-based thermometers have found widespread use in geosciences, providing a convenient and powerful tool for investigating the crystallization temperatures of quartz and zircons in magmatic systems. However, a commonly overlooked aspect is the constraint of TiO2 activity (aTiO2liquid–rutile). Many studies assume aTiO2 to be constant or equate the presence of Ti-rich phases, such as ilmenite, with fixed activity levels. Using solubility models and data from natural systems, we demonstrate that aTiO2 is a dynamic parameter, influenced by temperature, mineral assemblage, and TiO2 content in the melt. Focusing on examples from several volcanic fields (Bishop Tuff, Fish Canyon Tuff, Yellowstone, and Shiveluch), we discuss the impact of these factors on aTiO2 and highlight how inadequate constraint of aTiO2 can lead to erroneous interpretations of magma storage conditions.
Postdigital health practices: new directions in medical humanities
Authors: Pietrzak-Franger Monika
Published: November 2023

Digitalisation has changed the way we understand and practice health. The recent pandemic has accelerated some of the developments in digital health and brought about modifications in public access to information. Taking this into consideration, this programmatic paper sets the stage for and conceptualises postdigital health practices as a possible field of inquiry within medical humanities. While delineating some central aspects of said practices, I draw attention to their significance in contemporary strategies of knowledge production. Spotlighting online environments as the point of ingress for the analysis of these practices, I propose three possible foci of critical and methodological engagement. By spotlighting the serialisation, multimodality, and transmediality of such environments, I argue, we have a chance to both augment and go beyond the field’s long-standing preoccupation with narrative, attend to various strategies of communicating illness experience, and re-frame them within larger questions of systemic inequalities. On this basis, and taking as examples COVID-19 and Long COVID, I sketch some of the directions that future strands of medical humanities may take and some of the questions we still have to ask for the field to overcome its own biases and blind spots.
Congenital myasthenic syndrome from aMUSKgene mutation
Authors: McLean Antonia , Wilson Ian
Published: November 2023

Slowly progressive neuromuscular symptoms often have a genetic basis. We present the case of a woman in her 40s with gradually progressive symmetrical weakness and respiratory muscle involvement. Extensive investigation found no specific cause. After a novel neuromuscular gene panel became available, we identified a mutation in theMUSKgene (muscle-specific kinase), confirming a diagnosis of congenital myasthenic syndrome. This group of rare disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding the neuromuscular junction.
Effective field theory analysis of the Coulomb breakup of the one-neutron halo nucleus $$^{19}$$C
Authors: Capel Pierre , Phillips Daniel R. , Andis Andrew , Bagnarol Mirko , Behzadmoghaddam Behnaz , Bonaiti Francesca , Bubna Rishabh , Capitani Ylenia , Duerinck Pierre-Yves , Durant Victoria , Döpper Niklas , El Boustani Aya , Farrell Roland , Geiger Maurus , Gennari Michael , Goldberg Nitzan , Herko Jakub , Kirchner Tanja , Kubushishi Live-Palm , Li Zhen , Muli Simone S. Li , Long Alexander , Martin Brady , Mohseni Kamyar , Moumene Imane , Paracone Nicola , Parnes Elad , Romeo Beatriz , Springer Victor , Svensson Isak , Thim Oliver , Yapa Nuwan
Published: November 2023

We analyse the Coulomb breakup of $$^{19}$$

19

C measured at 67A MeV at RIKEN. We use the Coulomb-Corrected Eikonal (CCE) approximation to model the reaction and describe the one-neutron halo nucleus $$^{19}$$

19

C within Halo Effective Field Theory (Halo EFT). At leading order we obtain a fair reproduction of the measured cross section as a function of energy and angle. The description is insensitive to the choice of optical potential, as long as it accurately represents the size of $${}^{18}$$

18

C. It is also insensitive to the interior of the $${}^{19}$$

19

C wave function. Comparison between theory and experiment thus enables us to infer asymptotic properties of the ground state of $$^{19}$$

19

C: these data put constraints on the one-neutron separation energy of this nucleus and, for a given binding energy, can be used to extract an asymptotic normalisation coefficient (ANC). These results are confirmed by CCE calculations employing next-to-leading order Halo EFT descriptions of $${}^{19}$$

19

C: at this order the results for the Coulomb breakup cross section are completely insensitive to the choice of the regulator. Accordingly, this reaction can be used to constrain the one-neutron separation energy and ANC of $${}^{19}$$

19

C.
Erratum to: Unveiling confinement in pure gauge SU(3): flux tubes, fields, and magnetic currents
Authors: Baker M. , Chelnokov V. , Cosmai L. , Cuteri F. , Papa A.
Published: November 2023

This erratum corrects an error in the estimates of systematic errors in the last line of Table 2 of the original paper
Probability measures of fermions on branes
Authors: Moreira A. R. P. , Dong Shi-Hai
Published: November 2023

In our research, we explore the impact of a geometric non-minimal coupling between fermions and curvature scalars on the positioning of fermions within a brane structure. Our investigation encompasses massless fermionic modes and massive modes, revealing that specifically fermionic modes with left chirality are situated within the brane. This insight allows us to gain a more direct understanding of how the system’s geometry influences the placement of fermion fields on the brane. To delve deeper into the precise localization of massless fermionic modes, we employ entropic information measurements. By varying the parameters that govern the curvature scalars, we observe the ability to adjust the localization of these fermionic modes on the brane. Importantly, the BBM uncertainty relation remains satisfied in all scenarios, particularly for $$f_{1,2,3}$$

f

1
,
2
,
3

. We leverage the Shannon entropy as a highly effective metric to yield accurate results regarding the positioning of massless fermionic modes within our model. In the case of massive fermionic modes, we utilize relative probability analysis to pinpoint the resonant modes, and we identify the existence of these resonant modes in both $$f_{1,2,3}$$

f

1
,
2
,
3

cases. Ultimately, we ascertain that these parameters influence the placement of resonant modes by increasing the amplitude of the massive modes in the core of the brane.
Optical solitons of stochastic perturbed Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan model with Kerr law of self-phase-modulation
Authors: Albayrak Pinar , Ozisik Muslum , Secer Aydin , Bayram Mustafa , Das Sebahat Ebru
Published: November 2023

This study aims to obtain the optical soliton solutions of the stochastic perturbed Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation which models the optical solitons in optical waveguides such as silica fibers with Kerr law in the presence of chromatic and third-order dispersions by multiplicative white noise in Itô calculus. The study constitutes one of the works aimed at adapting the model in accordance with the importance of the noise effect in nonlinear optics. In the first step, the nonlinear ordinary differential form of the investigated problem has been obtained by using an appropriate complex wave transformation. The enhanced Kudryashov technique, which is the combination of Kudryashov and the new Kudryashov methods, is applied to the nonlinear ordinary differential form. As the result, bright, dark and singular stochastic soliton solutions of the analyzed problem have been carried out by assigning appropriate parameter values and the impact of noise effect on the soliton behavior has been investigated. Lastly, the graphical representations and required comments have been presented in the related sections.
Influence of geometric structure on information entropy in spin-1 ferromagnetic dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Wang Zekai , Zhang Jichuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: November 2023

In this study, we investigate the dynamics properties of spin-1 ferromagnetic Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with dipole–dipole interaction (DDI). Numerical results are obtained by solving the mean-field nonlocal Gross–Pitaevskii equation. We find that the population of the information entropy in momentum space [Formula: see text] is greatly affected by geometric structure and dipole strength. The prolate condensate is favorable to obtain bigger [Formula: see text] than oblate condensate. The density distribution verifies that the formation of magnetic domain is associated with the variation of [Formula: see text]. In addition, the kinetic energy displays that dramatical oscillation appears for strong dipolar interaction and it is larger in prolate condensate. Also, we use the order parameter to describe the order–disorder crossover. It is shown that BECs develop toward the disordered state with prolate condensate under strong DDI.
A Comprehensive Survey on IoT-Aided Pest Detection and Classification in Agriculture Using Different Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Prasath B. , Akila M. , Mohan M.
Published: November 2023

Insect and rodents constantly cause trouble to the farmers leading to different kinds of diseases in the crop. Controlling as well as crop maintenance becomes a highly essential task for the farmers to ensure the health of the crop. However, they cause various social as well as environmental issues. Excessive pesticide usage may affect the contamination of soil and water, and also, it becomes highly toxic to plants. Hence, bugs and insects become more cautious against plants along with constant exposure, which pushes the farmer to utilize heavy pesticides. However, genetic seed manipulation is mainly used to provide high robustness against pest attacks, and they are highly expensive for practical execution. Implementation of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) in the agricultural domain has brought an enhanced improvement in on-field pest management. Several pest detections, as well as classification models, have been implemented in prior works, and they are based on effective techniques. The main purpose of this survey paper is to provide a literature review of IoT-aided pest detection and classification using different images. The datasets used in different pest detection and classification, the simulated platforms, and performance measures are analyzed. Further, the recent trends of machine learning and deep learning methods in this field are reviewed and categorized. Thus, the given survey impacts the economy for analyzing pest detection in the early stage, which provides better crop production, and also maximizes the protection of crops. Moreover, it helps to minimize human errors, and also it provides the best efforts to increase the automated monitoring system for large fields.
Fault-seal analysis in the Greater Bay du Nord area, Flemish Pass Basin, offshore Newfoundland
Authors: Bernal Asdrúbal J.
Published: November 2023

A 3D subsurface structural model was built in a zone of the Greater Bay du Nord area, Flemish Pass Basin, offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, to carry out a post-drilled, fault-seal analysis in a multi-rift, geological complex setting; this aimed to test fault-seal predictions, calibrate computed static fault-zone attributes and estimate hydrocarbon contact depths.

Hydrocarbon exploration campaigns in the Greater Bay du Nord area have primarily targeted rotated fault blocks that often exhibit structural segmentation and compartmentalization. A comprehensive approach that combines empirical and deterministic methods for static fault-seal analysis has been implemented. This approach provides insights into open, base and tight fault-seal scenarios, aiding prospect evaluation in this region. Notably, shale gouge ratios (SGRs) in the range 16–25% serve as a crucial indicator of the transition between fault-rock sealing and non-sealing fault segments. Furthermore, it emphasizes the critical role of hydrodynamics when calibrating or evaluating fault-sealing properties.

In areas like the Greater Bay du Nord region, characterized by complex geology, it is imperative to regularly update fault-seal models. These updates should align with the availability of new subsurface data, comprehensive analyses and an improved understanding of the petroleum system.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Fault and top seals 2022 collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/fault-and-top-seals-2022
The Right to Transparency in Public Governance: Freedom of Information and the Use of Artificial Intelligence by Public Agencies
Authors: Olsen Henrik Palmer , Hildebrandt Thomas Troels , Wiesener Cornelius , Larsen Matthias Smed , Flügge Asbjørn William Ammitzbøll
Published: November 2023

What information should and can be transparent for artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms? This article examines the socio-technical and legal perspectives of transparency in relation to algorithmic decision-making in public administration. We show how transparency in AI can be understood in light of the various technologies and the challenges one may encounter. Despite some first steps in that direction, there exists so far no mature standard for documenting AI models. From a legal perspective, this article examined the applicable freedom of information (FOI) regimes across different jurisdictions, with a particular focus on Denmark and other Scandinavian countries. Despite notable differences, our findings show that the FOI regimes generally only grant access to existing documents, and that access can be denied on the basis of the wide proprietary interests and internal documents exemptions. This is why we ultimately conclude that the European data-protection framework and the proposed EU AI Act — with their far-reaching duties to document the functioning of AI systems — provide promising new avenues for research and insights into transparency in AI.
Contextual Ranking and Selection with Gaussian Processes and Optimal Computing Budget Allocation
Authors: Cakmak Sait , Wang Yuhao , Gao Siyang , Zhou Enlu
Published: November 2023

In many real-world problems, we are faced with the problem of selecting the best among a finite number of alternatives, where the best alternative is determined based on context specific information. In this work, we study the contextual Ranking and Selection problem under a finite-alternative-finite-context setting, where we aim to find the best alternative for each context. We use a separate Gaussian process to model the reward for each alternative and derive the large deviations rate function for both the expected and worst-case contextual probability of correct selection. We propose the GP-C-OCBA sampling policy, which uses the Gaussian process posterior to iteratively allocate observations to maximize the rate function. We prove its consistency and show that it achieves the optimal convergence rate under the assumption of a non-informative prior. Numerical experiments show that our algorithm is highly competitive in terms of sampling efficiency, while having significantly smaller computational overhead.
JPEG-compatible Joint Image Compression and Encryption Algorithm with File Size Preservation
Authors: Peng Yuxiang , Fu Chong , Cao Guixing , Song Wei , Chen Junxin , Sham Chiu-Wing
Published: November 2023

Joint image compression and encryption algorithms are intensively investigated due to their powerful capability of simultaneous image data compression and sensitive information protection. Unfortunately, most of the existing algorithms suffered from either poor compression efficiency or weak encryption strength, making them vulnerable to cryptanalysis. To address these limitations, we propose a chaos-based JPEG-compatible joint image compression and encryption algorithm. We separate the luminance and chrominance coefficients to preserve file size and encrypt the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in parallel. The proposed inter-block DC encryption strategy achieves high encryption intensity based on the permutation-substitution structure. In addition, we apply both inter- and intra-block permutations to AC coefficients and strengthen the encryption using an inter-block substitution for non-zero AC coefficients. The results of security and performance analyses demonstrate that the proposed algorithm offers robust encryption of image data while maintaining compression efficiency for real-time transmission.
Effect of Wind on Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption: Sensitivity Analyses and Implications for Range Estimation and Optimal Routing
Authors: Tran Trung Bach , Kolmanovsky Ilya , Biberstein Erik , Makke Omar , Tharayil Marina , Gusikhin Oleg
Published: November 2023

The energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) depends on multiple factors. As it affects vehicle range, energy consumption must be accurately predicted. After a summary of the relevant literature, this article focuses on two sensitivity studies: one on the impact of wind on energy consumption, and the other on the identifiability of wind in the absence of vehicles’ speed and acceleration profiles. The studies show that wind has a significant impact on the energy consumption for a trip, and without high-resolution knowledge of the acceleration and instantaneous velocity, minor variations in the wind condition do not drastically alter the energy consumption distribution. After that, data sources for the information on the wind velocity and direction are discussed. A data-driven approach based on fuzzy set theory is proposed to incorporate wind into the energy prediction; the best model from this approach shows a notable improvement (3.62%) over the currently implemented production-level predictive model for energy consumption on a dataset of 35,139 real-world trips;
the improvement is even more pronounced (~ 7%) for trips with more substantial headwind or tailwind level
. Recognizing the interplay between range prediction and route selection, we consider a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework for battery-charge- and travel-time-aware optimal route planning that accounts for the impact of the wind and includes stops at the charging stations. Finally, we propose a framework that includes wind in the operation of EVs, which consists of learning the impact of wind, incorporating wind forecasting into range and energy prediction, and using that prediction to perform optimal routing.
Cancer-associated fibroblast-associated gene IGFBP2 promotes glioma progression through induction of M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Sun Xiaolin , Guo Chen , Li Jianan , Liang Guobiao
Published: November 2023

The cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-related gene insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) is highly expressed in gliomas and is associated with poor prognosis. CAF-related gene IGFBP2 promotes glioma progression by inducing polarization of M2 macrophages. This study provides a new basis for an in-depth investigation of the functional mechanisms of the glioma tumor microenvironment and the search for key genes involved in immune regulation in CAF.
Kv2 channels contribute to neuronal activity within the vagal afferent-nTS reflex arc
Authors: Ramirez-Navarro Angelina , Lima-Silveira Ludmila , Glazebrook Patricia A. , Dantzler Heather A. , Kline David D. , Kunze Diana L.
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the expression and function of the voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channel Kv2 in vagal nodose neurons. Within sensory neurons, Kv2 channels limit the width of the broader C-type but not narrow A-type action potential. Within the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS), the location of the vagal terminal field, Kv2 does not influence glutamate release. However, Kv2 limits the action potential discharge of nTS relay neurons. These data suggest a critical role for Kv2 in the vagal-nTS reflex arc.
Defining ketone supplementation: the evolving evidence for postexercise ketone supplementation to improve recovery and adaptation to exercise
Authors: Robberechts Ruben , Poffé Chiel
Published: November 2023

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of ketone supplements to improve athletic performance. These ketone supplements transiently elevate the concentrations of the ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the circulation. Early studies showed that ketone bodies can improve energetic efficiency in striated muscle compared with glucose oxidation and induce a glycogen-sparing effect during exercise. As such, most research has focused on the potential of ketone supplementation to improve athletic performance via ingestion of ketones immediately before or during exercise. However, subsequent studies generally observed no performance improvement, and particularly not under conditions that are relevant for most athletes. However, more and more studies are reporting beneficial effects when ketones are ingested after exercise. As such, the real potential of ketone supplementation may rather be in their ability to enhance postexercise recovery and training adaptations. For instance, recent studies observed that postexercise ketone supplementation (PEKS) blunts the development of overtraining symptoms, and improves sleep, muscle anabolic signaling, circulating erythropoietin levels, and skeletal muscle angiogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art about the impact of PEKS on aspects of exercise recovery and training adaptation, which is not only relevant for athletes but also in multiple clinical conditions. In addition, we highlight the underlying mechanisms by which PEKS may improve exercise recovery and training adaptation. This includes epigenetic effects, signaling via receptors, modulation of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, and oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways.
Relationship between red blood cell lifespan and endogenous carbon monoxide in the common bottlenose dolphin and beluga
Authors: Pearson Anna B. , Hückstädt Luis A. , Kinsey Stephen T. , Schmitt Todd L. , Robeck Todd R. , St. Leger Judy , Ponganis Paul J. , Tift Michael S.
Published: November 2023

This is the first study to determine the red blood cell lifespan in a marine mammal species. High concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) were found in the blood of bottlenose dolphins and in the blood and breath of belugas compared with healthy humans. Red blood cell turnover accounted for these high levels in bottlenose dolphins, but there may be alternative mechanisms of endogenous CO production that are contributing to the CO concentrations observed in belugas.
To PLEX or Not to PLEX for Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Ahuja Tania , Nuti Olivia , Kemal Cameron , Kang Darren , Yuriditsky Eugene , Horowitz James M. , Pashun Raymond A.
Published: November 2023

Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) carries significant cardiovascular morbidity. There are two types of AIT with treatment including antithyroid medications and corticosteroids and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) also known as “PLEX” may help remove thyroid hormones and amiodarone. We report a case of PLEX in an attempt to treat cardiogenic shock secondary to AIT. This case highlights the robust rapidly deleterious demise of AIT, specifically in patients with decompensated heart failure. The decision to PLEX or not to PLEX for AIT should be individualized, prior to definitive therapy.
Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Containing a Blend of Waste Marble Powder and Waste Glass Powder
Authors: Gelanew Dejene Mengesha , Demiss Belachew Asteray
Published: November 2023

Using blended supplementary cementitious materials in the production of concrete has a contribution to make in reducing cement consumption, as well as having a negative environmental impact. The main objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical and microstructural properties of bamboo fiber-reinforced concrete containing a blend of waste marble powder (WMP) and waste glass powder (WGP) as a partial replacement for cement. To achieve these objectives, the physical and chemical properties of concrete ingredients were studied. The design mix was done as per the American Concrete Institute (ACI) mixing procedure by using 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% blended WMP and WGP as a replacement for cement and 0.75% bamboo fiber as an addition. The mechanical tests were conducted after samples were cured for 7 and 28 days in water. The microstructural properties of the hardened concrete from three different mixes were also determined for the 28-day cured specimens. The study result indicated improvement in compressive strength, shear stress, and bond stress at M2 (10%), whereas maximum splitting tensile strength was achieved at M1 (5%). Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a denser microstructure, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) illustrated portlandite, calcium aluminum silicate, quartz, and calcium silicate hydrate as common phases of the concrete structure. Eventually, the experimental finding implied that using a 10% blend of WMP and WGP as a partial replacement for cement and 0.75% bamboo fiber improves fresh and hardened concrete properties.