bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATERIALS FOR SOUND-PROOF DESIGNS OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES (review)
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Shuldeshov E.M. , Kraev I.D. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Obraztsova E.P. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: July 2021

An overview of applied sound-proof designs, and also the directions of researches on improvement both designs, and materials applied to their manufacturing. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing ZPK options are considered. The main approaches to the solution of question of increase of acoustic efficiency of sound-proof designs are classified and described. Advantages and shortcomings of practical implementation of each approach are given. The conclusion is drawn on the most perspective direction of researches.
The Performance of Glycated Hemoglobin vs. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in the Diagnosis of Glycemic Disorders among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Southern Iraq
Authors: Altemimi Mahmood Thamer , Musa Alaa Khattar , Mansour Abbas Ali
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A baseline oral glucose tolerance test (2-h OGTT) is important to screen for dysglycemia in PCOS particularly those high risk women. Due to its advantages by fasting is not required and less day-to-day variability, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) might be a convenient screening tool. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of HbA1c vs. 2-h OGTT in the diagnosis of glycemic disorders in PCOS and to evaluate the correlation between glycemic disorders, insulin resistance (IR), and anthropometric measures.METHODS: One hundred and twenty nine women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam 2003 criteria in Basrah were included in the study. All subjects were examined for weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Then they were tested for fasting glucose, 2-h OGTT, HbA1c, and fasting insulin to assess IR.RESULTS: The result of 2-h OGTT test showed that there were 21 subjects (16.1%) showed to have IGT. The result of HbA1c test showed that 25 subjects (19.4%) were diagonised with prediabetes. Meanwhile FPG test result showed that 34 subjects (26.4%) were having IFG. The HbA1c examination showed an underdetected the diagnosis of T2DM (0.8%) and an overdeteced diagnosis of prediabetes (19.4%) (p=0.021) and at HbA1c 5.55% (37.2 mmol/mol), the specificity was (74.3%) and sensitivity (56.5%) to discriminate normal from abnormal glucose status. Ninety nine women (76.7%) were either overweight or obese and most of them had IR (76.8%).CONCLUSION: Screening of glycemic disorders is crucial for PCOS by using 2-h OGTT regardless of risk factor and HbA1c seems to be an unsatisfactory screening tool to predict glycemic disorders in women with PCOS.KEYWORDS: PCOS, glycemic disorders, OGTT, HbA1c, insulin resistance, and prediabetes
Association of rs10830963 MTNR1B and rs841853 SLC2A1 Polymorphism with Obesity on Type 2 Diabetes Patients: An Overview of Melatonin Receptor and Transporter
Authors: Tursinawati Yanuarita , Kartikadewi Arum , Yuniastuti Ari , Susanti R
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the hormones that plays a role in glucose metabolism of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is melatonin. Its genetic variation is believed to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of obese and non-obese T2DM. The role of MTNR1B (melatonin receptor coding gene) and SLC2A1 (Glucose transporter 1/GLUT 1 transporter coding gene) on the risk of obese and non-obese T2DM patients is controversial. This study aims to analyze the association between the rs10830963 MTNR1B and rs841853 SLC2A1 polymorphism to the risk of Javanese obese T2DM.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that involved 107 Javanese T2DM patients from primary heath care in Semarang. Furthermore, obese T2DM was defined by a body mass index (BMI) more than 25 kg/m2. The genetic variations examined were rs10830963 MTNR1B and rs841853 SLC2A1 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP methods. Blood biochemistry parameters were also examined. Allele and genotype frequencies of rs10830963 MTNR1B and rs841853 SLC2A1 polymorphisms were analyzed using the x2 test with p≤0.05 and 95% CI.RESULTS: There was a significant association between rs10830963 MTNR1B polymorphisms in obese and nonobese T2DM (p=0.044) and the CG genotype increased the risk of obese T2DM. Furthermore, the allele and genotype frequency of rs841853 SLC2A1 polymorphism in both group had no significant difference, with a p=0.756 and p=0.802, respectively. There was also no significant difference in the biochemical parameters' in both groups of the two genetic variants studied.CONCLUSION: The rs10830963 MTNR1B polymorphism is associated with the risk of obesity in Javanese T2DM patients but not for the rs841853 SLC2A1 polymorphism.KEYWORDS: polymorphism, MTNR1B, SLC2A1, obese, diabetes mellitus
Metabolic Reprogramming and Molecular Rewiring in Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: A lot of contemporary cancer research has concentrated on genetic influence. However, cancer also involves biochemical changes, such as metabolic adaptation to support the aberrant cell proliferation.CONTENT: The fast cell proliferation in cancer cells enforce a metabolic re-arrangement to promote their long-term survival. The increased glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate are common features of this altered metabolism known as “the Warburg effect”. These metabolic pathways regulation enable cancer cells to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an efficient way. Epigenetic and metabolic changes also both affect molecular rewiring in cancer cells and promote cancer development and progression.SUMMARY: Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling establishing a direct link between metabolism and nuclear transcription to promote the survival of tumor cells. A further understanding of how metabolic remodeling can result in epigenetic changes in tumors, affecting cancer cell differentiation, proliferation, and/or apoptosis, will lead to a new strategy for cancer therapy.KEYWORDS: cancer metabolism, epigenetics, metabolic reprogramming, molecular rewiring
Podstawy demometrii
Authors: Rossa Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

Publikacja zawiera omówienie podstawowych metod i narzędzi demografii matematycznej (demometrii), m.in. takich jak współczynniki demograficzne, prawdopodobieństwo zdarzeń demograficznych, tablice trwania życia, metody obliczania (szacowania) parametrów opisu ruchu naturalnego ludności czy syntetyczne miary reprodukcji ludności. Jej walorem jest klarowna prezentacja założeń i metod analizy demograficznej. Omawiane zagadnienia zostały zilustrowane przykładami i uzupełnione ćwiczeniami do samodzielnego rozwiązania.
Książka jest przeznaczona dla nauczycieli akademickich i specjalistów z zakresu demografii, a także dla studentów kierunków ekonomicznych oraz specjalności, których programy przewidują zajęcia z demografii ogólnej i matematycznej.
„Publikacja stanowi wartościowe uzupełnienie literatury traktującej o metodach analizy demograficznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ujęcia wzdłużnego. Zaprezentowano w niej kilka formuł szacowania liczby i dynamiki ludności w określonych przedziałach czasu, co poszerza perspektywę oceny procesu zastępowalności pokoleń”.
Z recenzji prof. dra hab. Andrzeja Ochockiego
Effect of Planting Pattern on Physico-chemical Properties of Two Garlic Cultivar
Authors: Fakhar F. , Biabani A. , Zarei M. , Moghadam A. Nakhzari
Published: July 2021

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) member of the family Alliaceae, quality planting material is one of the major inputs to successful crop production. Planting spacing is the systematic evaluation of the farm area or any growing surface for crop production. Methods: In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern on morphology and physiology variables of two garlic cultivars an experiments was conducted as a factorial based randomized block design with three replications in research field of Gonbad-e-Kavous University during 2016-2017. The factors were included seven planting patterns (12.5×12.5, 15×15, 17.5×17.5, 20×20, 22.5×22.5, 25×25 and 27.5×27.5 cm) and two garlic cultivars (Tarom and Hamedan) and the measurements were phenology bulb yield, harvest index, biological yield and quality parameters (total phenol, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and allicin). Result: The highest bulb yield (19014.4 kg ha-1) was recorded in planting pattern 12.5×12.5 cm that obtained from the Hamedan cultivar. The highest and lowest of total phenol content ranged from 10.43 mg/100 g (27.5 × 27.5 cm) to 8.50 mg/100gr (12.5 × 12.5 cm). The antioxidant activity varied from 85.20% (27.5 × 27.5 cm) to 77.59% (12.5 × 12.5 cm). The results also showed that Hamedan cultivar had a higher bulb yield, total phenol, Flavonoid and antioxidant activity than Tarom cultivar. The minimum days to 50% leafing (24.16 days), days to 50% bulb initiation (74.50 days) and days to 50% maturation (152.83 days) observed in planting pattern 12.5×12.5 cm treatment.
​Color Doppler Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Embryonic Development and Mortality in Dairy Cows
Authors: Mahajan Mohit , Singh Madhumeet , Sharma Akshay , Kumar Pravesh
Published: July 2021

Background: Embryonic mortality is one of the major factors leading to reproductive failure, decreased fertility and delayed pregnancy in cattle. Method: The study was aimed for investigating the incidence of embryonic mortality(EM), differentiate embryonic development and mortality based on color Doppler ultrasonographic characteristics. Different characteristics correlated were corpus luteum(CL) vascularity, embryonic development and EM features, monitored on day 21 post-insemination. Result: The overall incidence of EM was recorded to be 25%, with 15% and 10% mortality occurred between days 21-28 and 28-35 of gestation. Color Doppler analysis stated that, the CL in pregnant cows had a higher percentage of luteal tissue with positive Doppler signals on initial examination (day 21) differing significantly (P less than 0.01) from non-pregnant and consistently increased till the end of the examination. However, cows with EM had a significantly lower CL vascularity than pregnant (P less than 0.05) but significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than non-pregnant cows on day 21. Embryos from pregnant cows (detected by 28 days) increased in size along the days of examination. However, cows diagnosed with EM showed signs (day 28), which included reduced intra-uterine allantoic fluid, absence of embryo proper with an embryonic heartbeat, hyperechoic free-floating embryonic debris in the uterus and distorted allanto-chorionic membrane. In conclusion, the present study firmly supports color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of pregnant cows based on CL vascularity, visualizing the different characteristics signs of EM, and detecting non-pregnant animals undergoing EM as early as day 21.
Impact of Yeast Supplement to the Rations Contained Different Levels of Barley Grain in Milk Production and Components of Awassi Ewes
Authors: Almallah O.D. , Abdullah M.N. , Abbo N.Y. , Hussien N.G.
Published: July 2021

Background: Sheep milk production after weaning is produced for a limited period of 80-100 days, it is used for cheeses manufacturing, especially in the Mediterranean region due to its high content of total solids and it preferred in human nutrition because it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein, nucleotides and nucleosides, this earns therapeutic functions especially cancer prevention. On the other hand, reducing the cost of feeding is important in reducing production costs. Methods: Eighteen Awassi ewes in late lactation were used in this experiment, aged 3-5 years, average body weight 55.27 kg. Ewes were divided randomly into three groups and fed periodically on experimental rations in cross over design (3×3) each period lasted 17 days, first ration was control, second ration was similar to control and fed with addition 10 g/ ewe of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, while in the third ration barley grain decreased to 35% and fed with added yeast. Ewes were milked on two consecutive days at the end of each experimental period and components were analysis using a milk scan analyzer. Result: Results were indicated that rations had no significant effect in milk yield and components. Also serum blood parameters of glucose, urea, cholesterol and total protein were not affected significantly.
Ameliorative, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Potential of Vitamin D on Aminoglycoside Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Rats
Authors: Thakur Neeraj , Shukla S.K. , Ahmad A.H. , Jadon N.S. , Singh J.L. , Chethan G.E.
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute kidney injury causes an abrupt decline in renal filtration and affects animals in a similar way to humans. Diagnosis can be made based on urinalysis, serum biochemistry and various biomarkers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative, antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of vitamin D in rats induced with acute kidney injury. Methods: In the present study, group A rats were taken as healthy control, group B rats were given gentamicin @ 100 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally for 8 days and were considered as disease control and group C rats were treated with Vitamin D @ 0.4 µg/kg/day subcutaneously for 8 days along with intraperitoneal gentamicin injection. Reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in erythrocytes on day 0, 4 and 8. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) and interleukin 10 (IL 10) were also estimated along with urine and serum biochemistry on day 0, 4 and 8. Kidney tissue samples were collected on day 8 for histopathological examination. Result: The mean values of GSH, catalase and SOD were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher whereas the mean value of LPO was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in group C compared to group B on day 4 and 8. On day 4 and 8, the mean value of TNF α was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower, while the mean value of IL-10 was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in rats treated with vitamin D as compared to disease control. Histopathological examination along with urine and serum biochemistry revealed protective efficacy of vitamin D in acute kidney injury. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that vitamin D is having ameliorative efficacy along with antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential in case of gentamicin induced acute kidney injury in Wistar rats. However, detailed studies are required to explore the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in clinical cases of kidney diseases.
A New Family of Continuous Distributions: Properties, Copulas and Real Life Data Modeling
Authors: Refaie Mohamed
Published: July 2021

A new family of distributions called the Kumaraswamy Rayleigh family is defied and studied. Some of its relevant statistical properties are derived. Many new bivariate type G families using the of Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern, modified Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula, Clayton copula and Renyi’s entropy copula are derived. The method of the maximum likelihood estimation is used. Some special models based on log-logistic, exponential, Weibull, Rayleigh, Pareto type II and Burr type X, Lindley distributions are presented and studied. Three dimensional skewness and kurtosis plots are presented. A graphical assessment is performed. Two real life applications to illustrate the flexibility, potentiality and importance of the new family is proposed.
Discrete Chebyshev Polynomials for Solving Fractional Variational Problems
Authors: Mohammadi Fakhrodin , Leila Moradi  , Dajana Conte
Published: July 2021

In ‎the current study, a‎ general formulation of the discrete Chebyshev polynomials is given. ‎The operational matrix of fractional integration for these discrete polynomials is also derived. ‎Then,‎ a numerical scheme based on the discrete Chebyshev polynomials and their operational matrix has been developed to solve fractional variational problems‎. In this method, the need for using Lagrange multiplier during the solution procedure is eliminated.‎ The performance of the proposed scheme is validated through some illustrative examples. ‎Moreover, ‎the obtained numerical results ‎‎‎‎were compared to the previously acquired results by the classical Chebyshev polynomials. Finally, a comparison for the required CPU time is presented, which indicates more efficiency and less complexity of the proposed method.
DETERMINAN PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Azhari Alifia Riza , Sukmaningrum Puji Sucia
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan company size, premium growth, investment, risk based capital, volume of capital, dan claim expense terhadap profitabilitas asuransi syariah di Indonesia. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode analisis meta. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua belas artikel sampel yang diterbitkan di Indonesia melalui Sinta Journal dan Google Scholar dengan periode empat tahun (2017-2020). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa company size, premium growth, investment, dan volume of capital berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Sementara itu risk based capital dan claim expense tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan asuransi syariah. Temuan dari penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa perusahaan asuransi syariah perlu memperhatikan aspek company size, premium growth, investment, dan volume of capital serta dapat mempertimbangkan nilai risk based capital dan claim expense dalam mendukung peningkatan profitabilitas perusahaan sehingga kinerja perusahaan asuransi syariah di Indonesia menjadi lebih baik.Kata Kunci: Profitabilitas, Asuransi Syariah, Analisis Meta, Indonesia. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between company size, premium growth, investment, risk based capital, volume of capital, and claim expense on the profitability of Islamic insurance in Indonesia. This research applies a quantitative approach with meta-analysis methods. This study used twelve sample articles published in Indonesia through Sinta Journal and Google Scholar during the 2017-2020 period. This study shows that company size, premium growth, investment, and volume of capital have significant effect on profitability. Meanwhile, risk based capital and claim expense do not have significant effect on the profitability of Islamic insurance companies. The findings of this study imply that Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia need to pay attention to aspects of company size, premium growth, investment, and volume of capital and can consider the value of risk based capital and claim expenses in supporting the increase in company profitability so that the performance of Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia is better.Keywords: Profitability, Islamic Insurance, Meta-Analysis, Indonesia.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NON PERFORMING FINANCING BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH PERIODE 2015-2019
Authors: Umami Desy Reza , Rani Lina Nugraha
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor internal yaitu Financing to Deposit Ratio dan Return on Asset serta faktor eksternal yaitu BI Rate dan Indeks Produksi Industri terhadap Non Performing Financing Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah di Indonesia periode 2015 hingga 2019 baik secara parsial dan simultan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh, yaitu Industri Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series yang diperoleh dari web resmi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis berdasarkan regresi linier berganda Ordinary Least Square. Berdasarkan hasil uji t (parsial) bahwa Financing to Deposit Ratio dan Return on Asset tidak berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan BI Rate dan Indeks Produksi Industri berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Non Performing Financing. Hasil uji F (simultan) variabel Financing to Deposit Ratio, Return on Asset, BI Rate, dan Indeks Produksi Industri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Non Performing Financing. Oleh karena itu, Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah harus lebih memperhatikan kondisi makroekonomi terutama BI Rate dan Indeks Produksi Industri karena dapat mempengaruhi kebijakan dalam manajemen pembiayaan sehingga terjadinya Non Performing Financing dapat dikendalikan.Kata Kunci: Faktor Internal, Faktor Eksternal, Non Performing Financing, Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah. ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the influence of internal factors, namely Financing to Deposit Ratio and Return on Assets as well as external factors, namely the BI Rate and Industrial Production Index on Non-Performing Financing of Sharia Rural Banks in Indonesia for the period 2015 to 2019 both partially and simultaneously. The sample used is a saturated sample, namely the Sharia Rural Bank Industry in Indonesia. The data used is time series data obtained from the official website of the Financial Services Authority and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The method used is a quantitative approach with an analysis technique based on Ordinary Least Square multiple linear regression. Based on the results of the t test (partial) that Financing to Deposit Ratio and Return on Assets have no significant effect, while the BI Rate and Industrial Production Index have a significant negative effect on Non Performing Financing. The results of the F test (simultaneous) of the variable Financing to Deposit Ratio, Return on Assets, BI Rate, and Industrial Production Index have a significant effect on Non-Performing Financing. Therefore, Sharia Rural Banks must pay more attention to macroeconomic conditions, especially the BI Rate and Industrial Production Index because they can influence policies in financing management so that the occurrence of Non-Performing Financing can be controlled.Keywords: Internal Factors, External Factors, Non Performing Financing, Sharia Rural Bank.
EXAMINING SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE E-COMPLAINTS AND SERVICE QUALITY IN BANGKOK HOTELS
Authors: Sangpikul Aswin
Published: July 2021

Purpose – There are few studies examining the reliability of e-complaints in the hotel industry. This topic is important for hotel managers as it can help them in distinguishing emotional complaints from factual complaints. Therefore, this study aims to examine and classify customers’ e-complaints regarding hotel service quality and classify them into subjective and objective categories based on factual and non-factual opinions. Design/methodology – Content analysis and descriptive statistics were employed to analyse the data (e-complaints about Bangkok hotels) collected from a secondary source. Findings – It was found that approximately 54% of e-complaints regarding service quality in Bangkok hotels were objective complaints (factual opinions) while 46% were subjective complaints (personal feelings). The study indicated that customer complaints resulted from hotel performance which was below than customer expectations. In addition, both types of e-complaint were found to be associated with the five dimensions of SERVQUAL, implying that hotels still had problems with service delivery in all service dimensions. Originality of the research – Due to the insufficient literature on the reliability of customer ecomplaints in the hotel industry, this study identified the characteristics of subjective and objective e-complaints and their relationship with SERVQUAL, thereby extending knowledge of ecomplaints and service quality in the hotel industry. The findings are expected to assist hotel managers in better understanding the nature of online complaints, thus offering a complementary approach to service improvement.
The Characteristic Equation of the Exceptional Jordan Algebra: Its Eigenvalues, and their relation with the Mass Ratios of Quarks and Leptons
Authors: Singh Tejinder Pal
Published: July 2021

We have recently proposed a pre-quantum, pre-space-time theory as a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics on an octonionic space-time. This pre-theory offers the prospect of unifying the internal symmetries of the standard model with gravity. It can also predict the values of free parameters of the standard model, because these parameters arising in the Lagrangian are related to the algebra of the octonions which define the underlying non-commutative space-time on which the dynamical degrees of freedom evolve. These free parameters are related to the algebra $J_3(\mathbb O)$ [exceptional Jordan algebra] which in turn is related to the three fermion generations. The exceptional Jordan algebra [also known as the Albert algebra] is the finite dimensional algebra of 3x3 Hermitean matrices with octonionic entries. Its automorphism group is the exceptional Lie group $F_4$. These matrices admit a cubic characteristic equation whose eigenvalues are real and depend on the invariant trace, determinant, and an inner product made from the Jordan matrix. Also, there is some evidence in the literature that the group $F_4$ could play a role in the unification of the standard model symmetries, including the Lorentz symmetry. The octonion algebra is known to correctly yield the electric charge values (0, 1/3, 2/3, 1) for standard model fermions, via the eigenvalues of a $U(1)$ number operator, identified with $U(1)_{em}$. In the present article, we use the same octonionic representation of the fermions to compute the eigenvalues of the characteristic equation of the Albert algebra, and compare the resulting eigenvalues with the known mass ratios for quarks and leptons. We find that the ratios of the eigenvalues correctly reproduce the [square root of the] known mass ratios for quarks and charged leptons. We also propose a diagrammatic representation of the standard model bosons, Higgs and three fermion generations, in terms of the octonions, exhibiting an $F_4$ and $E_6$ symmetry. In conjunction with the trace dynamics Lagrangian, the Jordan eigenvalues also provide a first principles theoretical derivation of the low energy value of the fine structure constant, yielding the value $1/137.04006$. The Karolyhazy correction to this value gives an exact match with the measured value of the constant, after assuming a specific value for the electro-weak symmetry breaking energy scale.
Decoding State Vaccination Rates Using Intelligence Quotient, Income, and Political Affiliation
Authors: Kabir Azad , Kabir Raeed , Nahar Jebun , Sengar Ritesh
Published: July 2021

The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination rates in the United States. The study evaluated the effect of red-blue political affiliation, and the effect of the US state's average intelligence quotient (IQ) and per capita income on states vaccination rates. The study found that states with concomitantly lower income along with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) are less vaccinated while the states with higher income have higher vaccination rates even among those with lower intelligence quotients. These findings stayed significant after adjusting for red-blue political affiliation where states with red political affiliation have lower vaccination rates. Further study is needed to evaluate how to stop online misinformation among low-income low intelligence quotient states and whether such an effort will increase overall vaccination rates in the United States.
Emerging Potential of Naturally Occurring Molecules against Gastric Cancer: Insights Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Kang Seog Young , Hwang Dongwon , Shin Soyoung , Park Jinju , Kim Myoungchan , Rahman MD. Hasanur , Rahman Md. Ataur , Ko Seong-Gyu , Kim Bonglee
Published: July 2021

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a cancer which develops from the lining of the stomach. Accumulated evidences and epidemiological studies have been indicated that natural products play an important role in gastric cancer prevention and treatment, although its mechanism of action did not elucidate yet. Particularly, experimental studies have been showed that natural products displayed a protective effect against gastric cancer via numerous molecular mechanisms such as suppression of cell metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of autophagy. Although chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer along with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy, but its adverse side effects including neutropenia, stomatitis, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and emesis are well documented. Additionally, intake of naturally occurring phytochemicals could increase the efficacy of gastric chemotherapy and chemotherapeutics resistance. However, natural product structural stability and powerful bioactivity are important to develop novel treatments for gastric cancer that may minimize such adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the potential therapeutic effects of natural products on prevention and treatment of gastric cancer with intensive molecular mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and safety efficacy.
DETERMINANTS OF CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS OF ARTISANAL FISHERS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Adisa Rashid Solagberu , Oluwaseun Ifabiyi John , Gbenga Opeyemi
Published: July 2021

Nigerians are high fish consumers as the per capita consumption is 14.9 kg per year and has the largest market for fish and fishery products in Africa. Artisanal fishers provide fish for large proportion of fish consumed by our teeming population. These set of fishers depend on crude gears and technology and small vessels in capturing multiple fish species. This study examined the determinants of the capacity building needs of artisanal fishers in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study used primary data. The primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was use to select the respondents. A total number of 292 respondents were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and Binary Logistic Regression. The results showed that more than half (71.6%) of the respondents had low knowledge level and majority (87.0%) of the respondents had high capacity building needs. The educational status (p<0.10), years of experience in fishing activities (p<0.10), contacts with extension services (p<0.01) and craft type (p<0.05) are the determinants factors of capacity building needs of the artisanal fishers. The study concluded that the majority of the fisher folks had low knowledge level on fishing practices. Majority of the fisher folks had high capacity building needs. The study therefore recommends the provision of training in the areas of high capacity building needs and that there should be consideration of factors influencing the capacity building needs of artisanal fisher folks during the planning and implementation of any training programme on artisanal fisheries.
BARRIERS AND SUPPORTS IN STARTING FARM-STAY BUSINESSES WITH INBOUND TOURISM EXPERIENCED BY MIGRANTS IN RURAL JAPAN (CASE STUDY OF LOCAL VITALIZATION COOPERATOR ENTREPRENEURS)
Authors: LI JI , Nakatsuka Masaya
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to clarify the barriers and the process of supports obtained in starting the farm-stay businesses with inbound tourism from the perspective of migrants. In- depth interviews on entrepreneurship of farm-stay businesses among local vitalization cooperators (LVC) were conducted, and the following results were found. First, there are two main types of barriers when starting farm-stay businesses namely barriers caused by new businesses start-up and barriers caused by local life. The barriers caused by local life have three aspects: an inadequate understanding of the ways to interact with local residents, insufficient information on community rules, and insufficient agricultural knowledge. The barriers to receiving foreigners include lack of understanding by neighbors, publicity, service and activities supplied, and matching facilities. Second, supports can also be divided into two categories: supports in local life and those in business start-up. The network and trust relationship established with local residents during the first stage of overcoming local life barriers can help overcome the barriers faced when starting businesses. Meanwhile, supports in business start-up deepen the relationship between migrants and local residents, thus playing a supportive role in life stabilization. Third, by analyzing the LVC cases, we conclude that ordinary migrants need ample time to undergo the process of accommodating to local life, thereby building a network and trust with local regions before starting new businesses. This research provides references on the study of starting new businesses in rural areas from the migrants’ views and issues to farm-stay businesses and inbound tourism at the starting phase.
Penyuluhan Dampak Lama Waktu Membatik dengan Kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) di Kampoeng Batik Laweyan
Authors: Mirawati Diah Kurnia , Budianto Pepi , Prabaningtyas Hanindya Riani , Putra Stefanus Erdana , Hafizhan Muhammad , Susilo Wahyu Agung , Santosa Novian Anindito
Published: July 2021

Pengabdian masyarakat berjudul “Penyuluhan Dampak Lama Waktu Membatik dengan Kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) di Kampoeng Batik Laweyan” bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran para pengrajin batik akan dampak negatif gerakan tangan yang repetitif atau berulang selama membatik dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Kegiatan ini juga bertujuan mengarahkan para pembatik untuk melakukan modifikasi posisi kerja yang ergonomis dalam proses membatik sehingga dapat mencegah timbulnya kejadian CTS. Target yang dicapai adalah peningkatan pemahaman dan informasi terkait dampak lama waktu membatik serta pencegahan kejadian CTS pada pembatik. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberdayaan dan pengabdian masyarakat pada mitra berupa pemetaan demografi pengrajin batik dengan cara mendata jumlah pembatik, jenis kelamin, umur, lama masa kerja sebagai pembatik, frekuensi gerakan repetitif pada pergelangan tangan, riwayat penyakit sebelumnya, pemeriksaan elektromiografi (EMG) gratis pada pembatik, dan analisa hasilnya. Selanjutnya, peneliti melakukan penyuluhan dengan cara menjelaskan hasil pemeriksaan EMG, dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari gerakan tangan repetitif dalam membatik, diskusi dan tanya jawab, edukasi posisi kerja yang ergonomis dalam membatik, serta evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa para pembatik memiliki pemahaman yang meningkat dibandingkan sebelum penyuluhan tentang hubungan lama waktu membatik dan dampak buruknya, sehingga meningkatkan kesadaran para pembatik akan kejadian CTS yang dapat timbul akibat posisi kerja yang tidak ergonomis.

 

Kata kunci: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, pengabdian masyarakat, pengrajin batik, penyuluhan
Reduced Risk of Revision with Computer-Guided Versus Non-Computer-Guided THA
Authors: Davis Edward T. , McKinney Kerren D. , Kamali Amir , Kuljaca Selena , Pagkalos Joseph
Published: July 2021

Background:

Computer-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) is known to improve implantation precision, but clinical data demonstrating an improvement in survivorship and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are lacking. Our aim was to compare the risk of revision, PROMs, and patient satisfaction between cohorts who underwent THA with and without the use of computer guidance.

Methods:

We used the data set and linked PROM data of the National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man. Our sample included THAs performed for osteoarthritis using cementless acetabular components from a single manufacturer (cementless and hybrid THAs). An additional analysis was performed limiting the sample size to cementless-only THAs. The primary end point was revision (any component) for any reason. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis and an adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model were used.

Results:

There were 41,683 non-computer-guided and 871 (2%) computer-guided cases included in our analysis of the cementless and hybrid group. There were 943 revisions in the non-computer-guided group and 7 in the computer-guided group. The cumulative revision rate at 10 years was 3.88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.59% to 4.18%) for the non-computer-guided group and 1.06% (95% CI: 0.45% to 2.76%) for the computer-guided group. The Cox proportional-hazards model yielded a hazard ratio of 0.45 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.96; p = 0.038). In the analysis of the cementless-only group, the cumulative revision rate at 10 years was 3.99% (95% CI: 3.62% to 4.38%) and 1.20% (95% CI: 0.52% to 3.12%) for the 2 groups, respectively. The Cox proportional-hazards model yielded a hazard ratio of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22 to 1.01; p = 0.053). There was no significant difference in the 6-month Oxford Hip Score, the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and EQ-VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores, and patient-reported success rates. Patient satisfaction (single-item satisfaction outcome measure) was higher in the computer-guided group, but this finding was limited by a reduced number of responses.

Conclusions:

In our analysis, the use of computer-guided surgery was associated with a lower rate of revision at mean follow-up of 5.6 years. This finding was upheld when the sample was restricted to cementless-only THAs. Causality cannot be inferred in view of the observational nature of the study, and additional studies are recommended to validate these findings.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Alternatives to Traditional Pedicle Screws for Posterior Fixation of the Degenerative Lumbar Spine
Authors: Rosinski Alexander A. , Mittal Ashish , Odeh Khalid , Ungurean Victor , Leasure Jeremi , Telles Connor , Kondrashov Dimitriy
Published: July 2021

Background:

Traditional pedicle screws are currently the gold standard to achieve stable 3-column fixation of the degenerative lumbar spine. However, there are cases in which pedicle screw fixation may not be ideal. Due to their starting point lateral to the pars interarticularis, pedicle screws require a relatively wide dissection along with a medialized trajectory directed toward the centrally located neural elements and prevertebral vasculature. In addition, low bone mineral density remains a major risk factor for pedicle screw loosening, pullout, and pseudarthrosis. The purpose of this article is to review the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and complications associated with posterior fixation techniques of the degenerative lumbar spine beyond the traditional pedicle screws.

Methods:

Comprehensive literature searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were performed for 5 methods of posterior spinal fixation, including (1) cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws, (2) transfacet screws, (3) translaminar screws, (4) spinous process plates, and (5) fusion mass screws and hooks. Articles that had been published between January 1, 1990, and January 1, 2020, were considered. Non-English-language articles and studies involving fixation of the cervical or thoracic spine were excluded from our review.

Results:

After reviewing over 1,700 articles pertaining to CBT and non-pedicular fixation techniques, a total of 284 articles met our inclusion criteria. CBT and transfacet screws require less-extensive exposure and paraspinal muscle dissection compared with traditional pedicle screws and may therefore reduce blood loss, postoperative pain, and length of hospital stay. In addition, several methods of non-pedicular fixation such as translaminar and fusion mass screws have trajectories that are directed away from or posterior to the spinal canal, potentially decreasing the risk of neurologic injury. CBT, transfacet, and fusion mass screws can also be used as salvage techniques when traditional pedicle screw constructs fail.

Conclusions:

CBT and non-pedicular fixation may be preferred in certain lumbar degenerative cases, particularly among patients with osteoporosis. Limitations of non-pedicular techniques include their reliance on intact posterior elements and the lack of 3-column fixation of the spine. As a result, transfacet and translaminar screws are infrequently used as the primary method of fixation. CBT, transfacet, and translaminar screws are effective in augmenting interbody fixation and have been shown to significantly improve fusion rates and clinical outcomes compared with stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect Of Some Media Lumpur Lapindo Proportions With The Soil And Dosage Of Organic Fertilizer On The Growth Beginning Of Plant Banana King (Musa Paradisiaca L.)
Authors: Wardani Sri Kusuma , Wachid Abdul
Published: July 2021

The research objective was to determine the effect of the proportion of Lapindo mud and the addition of organic fertilizer to the growth of banana plant seeds. Factorial research using randomized block design (RBD) was repeated three times. The first factor is the proportion of Lapindo mud, which consists of four levels, namely 100% ordinary land (land not contaminated with Lapindo mud), 20% Lapindo mud: 80% ordinary land, 40% Lapindo mud: 60% ordinary land, 60% mud lapindo: 40% of ordinary land. The second factor is the use of organic fertilizer which consists of three levels, namely not using 500 grams of organic fertilizer 750 grams of organic fertilizer Organic fertilizer. The observed characters were stem diameter, plant length, number of leaves, plant wet weight and plant dry weight. Data analysis using 5% ANOVA continued with BNJ test. The results showed that the more content or mixture of Lapindo mud mud the banana plant growth was getting worse. Giving Lapindo mud mixture range of 20%, namely in the ratio of 3 kg Lapindo mud with 12 kg of ordinary land. With the addition of 50% to 75% organic fertilizer improves the growth of banana plants.
The Influence Of Giving Fertilizer And Fertilizer (N) Fertilizer Time On Plant Growth And Production Sawi Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Wachid Abdul , Sairi Achmad
Published: July 2021

The average pakcoy mustard production in Indonesia is still quite low at 20 tons / ha. This study aims to determine the effect of goat manure and nitrogen fertilizer (N) on the growth and production of mustard greens. This research was carried out in Plaosan village, Wonoayu sub-district, Sidoarjo regency, using factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors, factor 1: without goat manure (control) (P0), goat manure 100 grams / polybag (P1 ), 200 gram goat manure / polybag (P2). Factor 2: giving nitrogen at 7 hst (K1), giving nitrogen at 14 hst (K2), giving nitrogen at 21 hst (K3). Of the two factors, 9 treatment combinations were repeated and repeated 3 times so that 27 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that goat manure significantly affected plant height, number of leaves and wet weight. However, when giving nitrogen (N) there was no significant difference in each treatment, while there was interaction between goat manure and nitrogen (N) fertilization time on the wet weight of mustard pakcoy plants with the best treatment in K2P2 with an average of 231,8.
Contribution of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Salinity Resistance of Citrus Roots (Citrus, Sp)
Authors: N.P Palupi
Published: July 2021

Abiotic stress conditions with high salinity cause a decrease in plant growth and production in citrus plants. The application of mycorrhizal fungi with various species is expected to be able to overcome this problem to improve plant root conditions. The results showed that the application of mycorrhizal fungi was able to improve roots so as to increase nutrient absorption, be able to maintain plant conditions under salinity stress gradually, and be able to increase the capacity of higher seedlings to control ROS formation and to activate enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses.
An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)
Authors: Assafi Mahde S. , Ali Fawwaz F. , Polis Reem Fouad , Sabaly Nisreen Jawad , Qarani Sozan Muhsin
Published: July 2021

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is problematic and still the leading cause of urinary tract infections worldwide. It is developed resistance against most antibiotics. The investigation, surveillance system, and efficient strategy will facilitate selecting an appropriate treatment that could control the bacterial distribution. The present study aims to investigate the epidemiology and associated risk factors of uropathogenic E. coli and to study their antibiotic resistance patterns. 1585 midstream urine specimens were collected from symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) patients (225 males and 1360 females) admitted to Zakho emergency hospital, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq from January 2016 until the end of December 2018. Specimens were inoculated on blood and MacConkey plates and incubated at 37оC for 24 hours. Uropathogenic E. coli was diagnosed based on gram staining, colony characteristics, and standard biochemical tests in accordance with local standards and guidelines. All isolates were screened for their antibiogram pattern using the disk diffusion method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The results showed that out of 1585 urine specimens, 1026 (64.7%) were UTIs positive with a statistically higher rate in 2016 (83.6%) (P< 0.0001). The UTIs frequency in females was significantly higher than males (P< 0.0001). Generally, the uropathogenic E. coli represented 21.1% with the highest level in 2016 (22.9%). The uropathogenic E. coli rate was higher, statistically not significant, in females (21.4%) than males (18.5%) (P=0.4946). Additionally, through the three years of study, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) was in high frequency in February and May 2016. The female’s age group from 20 to 39 years was the most vulnerable (46%) form total infected females, while those from 70-74 years (1%) were the least susceptible in males and females. A high percentage (80.56 %) of multidrug resistance E. coli isolates was observed with high resistance against -lactamase and macrolides antibiotics. However, higher sensitivity was towards imipenem and meropenem. In conclusion, the wrong and overuse of antibiotics will increase the resistance rate of E. coli. For this reason, proper use of available antibiotics is necessary. Also, the educational programs and periodic monitoring of antimicrobial suscep­tibility are essential for reducing the antibiotic resistance rate.