bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasive grasses increase fire occurrence and frequency across US ecoregions
Authors: Fusco Emily J. , Finn John T. , Balch Jennifer K. , Nagy R. Chelsea , Bradley Bethany A.
Published: November 2019

Fire-prone invasive grasses create novel ecosystem threats by increasing fine-fuel loads and continuity, which can alter fire regimes. While the existence of an invasive grass-fire cycle is well known, evidence of altered fire regimes is typically based on local-scale studies or expert knowledge. Here, we quantify the effects of 12 nonnative, invasive grasses on fire occurrence, size, and frequency across 29 US ecoregions encompassing more than one third of the conterminous United States. These 12 grass species promote fire locally and have extensive spatial records of abundant infestations. We combined agency and satellite fire data with records of abundant grass invasion to test for differences in fire regimes between invaded and nearby “uninvaded” habitat. Additionally, we assessed whether invasive grass presence is a significant predictor of altered fire by modeling fire occurrence, size, and frequency as a function of grass invasion, in addition to anthropogenic and ecological covariates relevant to fire. Eight species showed significantly higher fire-occurrence rates, which more than tripled for
Schismus barbatus
and
Pennisetum ciliare.
Six species demonstrated significantly higher mean fire frequency, which more than doubled for
Neyraudia reynaudiana
and
Pennisetum ciliare
. Grass invasion was significant in fire occurrence and frequency models, but not in fire-size models. The significant differences in fire regimes, coupled with the importance of grass invasion in modeling these differences, suggest that invasive grasses alter US fire regimes at regional scales. As concern about US wildfires grows, accounting for fire-promoting invasive grasses will be imperative for effectively managing ecosystems.
RIP1 kinase mediates angiogenesis by modulating macrophages in experimental neovascularization
Authors: Ueta Takashi , Ishihara Kenji , Notomi Shoji , Lee Jong-Jer , Maidana Daniel E. , Efstathiou Nikolaos E. , Murakami Yusuke , Hasegawa Eiichi , Azuma Kunihiro , Toyono Tetsuya , Paschalis Eleftherios I. , Aihara Makoto , Miller Joan W. , Vavvas Demetrios G.
Published: November 2019

Significance

Pathological angiogenesis has been implicated in diverse pathologies. Infiltrating macrophages, especially those activated to M2-like phenotype, are critically important for angiogenesis. Although the role of RIP1 kinase in the regulation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation has been well-established, its role in angiogenesis remains elusive, despite being abundantly expressed in angiogenesis-related infiltrating macrophages. This study demonstrates that RIP1 kinase inhibition attenuates angiogenesis in multiple mouse models of pathological angiogenesis in vivo and suggests a therapeutic role of RIP1 kinase inhibition in pathological angiogenesis. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect on angiogenesis depends on RIP kinase inhibition-mediated caspase activation in infiltrating macrophages through suppression of M2-like polarization, and subsequent attenuation of pathological angiogenesis.
ABCA7 haplodeficiency disturbs microglial immune responses in the mouse brain
Authors: Aikawa Tomonori , Ren Yingxue , Yamazaki Yu , Tachibana Masaya , Johnson Madeleine R. , Anderson Casey T. , Martens Yuka A. , Holm Marie-Louise , Asmann Yan W. , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Fitzgerald Michael L. , Bu Guojun , Kanekiyo Takahisa
Published: November 2019

Carrying premature termination codons in 1 allele of the
ABCA7
gene is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While the primary function of ABCA7 is to regulate the transport of phospholipids and cholesterol, ABCA7 is also involved in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. Since inflammatory pathways causatively or consequently participate in AD pathogenesis, we studied the effects of
Abca7
haplodeficiency in mice on brain immune responses under acute and chronic conditions. When acute inflammation was induced through peripheral lipopolysaccharide injection in control or heterozygous
Abca7
knockout mice, partial ABCA7 deficiency diminished proinflammatory responses by impairing CD14 expression in the brain. On breeding to
App

NL-G-F

knockin mice, we observed increased amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and abnormal endosomal morphology in microglia. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ABCA7 loss of function may contribute to AD pathogenesis by altering proper microglial responses to acute inflammatory challenges and during the development of amyloid pathology, providing insight into disease mechanisms and possible treatment strategies.
Swim exercise in
Caenorhabditis elegans
extends neuromuscular and gut healthspan, enhances learning ability, and protects against neurodegeneration
Authors: Laranjeiro Ricardo , Harinath Girish , Hewitt Jennifer E. , Hartman Jessica H. , Royal Mary Anne , Meyer Joel N. , Vanapalli Siva A. , Driscoll Monica
Published: November 2019

Regular physical exercise is the most efficient and accessible intervention known to promote healthy aging in humans. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate system-wide exercise benefits, however, remain poorly understood, especially as applies to tissues that do not participate directly in training activity. The establishment of exercise protocols for short-lived genetic models will be critical for deciphering fundamental mechanisms of transtissue exercise benefits to healthy aging. Here we document optimization of a long-term swim exercise protocol for
Caenorhabditis elegans
and we demonstrate its benefits to diverse aging tissues, even if exercise occurs only during a restricted phase of adulthood. We found that multiple daily swim sessions are essential for exercise adaptation, leading to body wall muscle improvements in structural gene expression, locomotory performance, and mitochondrial morphology. Swim exercise training enhances whole-animal health parameters, such as mitochondrial respiration and midlife survival, increases functional healthspan of the pharynx and intestine, and enhances nervous system health by increasing learning ability and protecting against neurodegeneration in models of tauopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Remarkably, swim training only during early adulthood induces long-lasting systemic benefits that in several cases are still detectable well into midlife. Our data reveal the broad impact of swim exercise in promoting extended healthspan of multiple
C. elegans
tissues, underscore the potency of early exercise experience to influence long-term health, and establish the foundation for exploiting the powerful advantages of this genetic model for the dissection of the exercise-dependent molecular circuitry that confers system-wide health benefits to aging adults.
Sterile activation of invariant natural killer T cells by ER-stressed antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Bedard Melissa , Shrestha Dilip , Priestman David A. , Wang Yuting , Schneider Falk , Matute Juan D. , Iyer Shankar S. , Gileadi Uzi , Prota Gennaro , Kandasamy Matheswaran , Veerapen Natacha , Besra Gurdyal , Fritzsche Marco , Zeissig Sebastian , Shevchenko Andrej , Christianson John C. , Platt Frances M. , Eggeling Christian , Blumberg Richard S. , Salio Mariolina , Cerundolo Vincenzo
Published: November 2019

Significance

While there is a clear understanding of how invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are activated in foreign infection, it remains unclear how they are activated during sterile inflammation, including cancer, where they have a well-defined role in tumor immunosurveillance. Here we elucidate a mechanism by which iNKT cells are activated through 1) the presentation of self-lipid antigens by endoplasmic reticulum-stressed antigen-presenting cells and 2) enhanced functional avidity driven by actin cytoskeletal remodeling. We further provide evidence that this mechanism of activation is at play in tumor settings. Here we describe a physiological context, relevant to human health and disease, that drives the presentation of immunogenic self-lipids to activate iNKT cells during sterile inflammation.
Universality in the viscous-to-inertial coalescence of liquid droplets
Authors: Xia Xi , He Chengming , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2019

We present a theory on the coalescence of 2 spherical liquid droplets that are initially stationary. The evolution of the radius of a liquid neck formed upon coalescence was formulated as an initial value problem and then solved to yield an exact solution without free parameters, with its 2 asymptotic approximations reproducing the well-known scaling relations in the inertially limited viscous and inertial regimes. The viscous-to-inertial crossover observed in previous research is also recovered by the theory, rendering the collapse of data of different viscosities onto a single curve.
ATP-based therapy prevents vascular calcification and extends longevity in a mouse model of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Villa-Bellosta Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Pyrophosphate deficiency may explain the excessive vascular calcification found in children with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and in a mouse model of this disease. The present study found that hydrolysis products of ATP resulted in a <9% yield of pyrophosphate in wild-type blood and aortas, showing that eNTPD activity (ATP → phosphate) was greater than eNPP activity (ATP → pyrophosphate). Moreover, pyrophosphate synthesis from ATP was reduced and pyrophosphate hydrolysis (via TNAP; pyrophosphate → phosphate) was increased in both aortas and blood obtained from mice with HGPS. The reduced production of pyrophosphate, together with the reduction in plasma ATP, resulted in marked reduction of plasma pyrophosphate. The combination of TNAP inhibitor levamisole and eNTPD inhibitor ARL67156 increased the synthesis and reduced the degradation of pyrophosphate in aortas and blood ex vivo, suggesting that these combined inhibitors could represent a therapeutic approach for this devastating progeroid syndrome. Treatment with ATP prevented vascular calcification in HGPS mice but did not extend longevity. By contrast, combined treatment with ATP, levamisole, and ARL67156 prevented vascular calcification and extended longevity by 12% in HGPS mice. These findings suggest a therapeutic approach for children with HGPS.
Rare pre-Columbian settlement on the Florida Gulf Coast revealed through high-resolution drone LiDAR
Authors: Barbour Terry E. , Sassaman Kenneth E. , Almeyda Zambrano Angelica Maria , Broadbent Eben North , Wilkinson Ben , Kanaski Richard
Published: November 2019

Significance

An unexpected discovery made during the environmental impact surveys after the
Deepwater Horizon
oil spill of 2010 was the remains of an ancient village on the northern Gulf Coast of Florida. Drone-mounted LiDAR reveals a complex of 37 rings of oyster shell, and archaeological testing shows that each of the households occupying the rings produced large numbers of beads from the shells of marine gastropods. Shell beads were integral to the political economy of chiefdoms in eastern North America, but archaeologists have very little knowledge about bead making at the source of the shells. The Raleigh Island village of AD 900 to 1200 is unprecedented in its architecture, its scale of bead production, and its place in regional geopolitics.
Sex differences in the circadian misalignment effects on energy regulation
Authors: Qian Jingyi , Morris Christopher J. , Caputo Rosanna , Wang Wei , Garaulet Marta , Scheer Frank A. J. L.
Published: November 2019

Significance

Shift workers frequently experience circadian misalignment and are at increased risks of obesity. It is established that some characteristics of the circadian system and body weight regulation differ between males and females. However, whether there are sex differences in the effects of circadian misalignment on energy regulation remains unknown. Here we show that circadian misalignment disrupts energy balance in females and males through different pathways. Females had more disturbances in the energy homeostasis process, including a decrease in the satiety hormone and an increase in hunger hormone. Males had elevated cravings for energy-dense and savory foods. These data have potential implications for sex-specific weight gain prevention in shift work populations and other groups experiencing circadian rhythm disturbances.
The end of ice I
Authors: Moberg Daniel R. , Becker Daniel , Dierking Christoph W. , Zurheide Florian , Bandow Bernhard , Buck Udo , Hudait Arpa , Molinero Valeria , Paesani Francesco , Zeuch Thomas
Published: November 2019

Significance

How small can a water cluster be and still stabilize ice I, the macroscopic crystal polymorph? What is the nature of coexistence between ice and liquid in small clusters? In this work, we show that the smallest water clusters that can sustain ice contain only around 90 water molecules. Our experimental and theoretical analysis suggests that the melting transition in these small droplets is very different from macroscopic water and our everyday experience. When cooled slightly below their freezing temperature, water clusters with less than

∼

150 molecules can oscillate in time between the liquid and crystalline state. These results can be significant to understand the state of water confined in proteins and other materials.
Message passing on networks with loops
Authors: Cantwell George T. , Newman M. E. J.
Published: November 2019

Message passing is a fundamental technique for performing calculations on networks and graphs with applications in physics, computer science, statistics, and machine learning, including Bayesian inference, spin models, satisfiability, graph partitioning, network epidemiology, and the calculation of matrix eigenvalues. Despite its wide use, however, it has long been recognized that the method has a fundamental flaw: It works poorly on networks that contain short loops. Loops introduce correlations that can cause the method to give inaccurate answers or to fail completely in the worst cases. Unfortunately, most real-world networks contain many short loops, which limits the usefulness of the message-passing approach. In this paper we demonstrate how to rectify this shortcoming and create message-passing methods that work on any network. We give 2 example applications, one to the percolation properties of networks and the other to the calculation of the spectra of sparse matrices.
Changes in argument structure
Authors: Dreschler Gea
Published: November 2019

English is often contrasted with German and Dutch when it comes to the semantic roles that the subject can express (Hawkins 1986;Los & Dreschler 2012). Specifically, English seems to have more middles (She photographs well) and allows for unusual inanimate subjects (The cottage sleeps four). However, it seems that the semantics of the grammatical subject in Dutch are also changing, as witnessed by recent examples from websites and advertisements, such asUw fietsenstalling verbetertandPresikhaaf vernieuwt.Although these sentences do not have the adverb that is typical of middles in Dutch (Broekhuis, Corver & Vos 2015: 455ff.), they meet several other requirements for middle formation. In this paper, I analyse examples with one such verb,vernieuwen, and identify two different types of intransitive uses for this predominantly transitive verb. I argue that ambiguity, analogy and genre all play an important role in this change in argument structure.
Restrictions on “Low” person agreement in Dutch specificational
copular constructions
Authors: Hartmann Jutta M. , Heycock Caroline
Published: November 2019

Agreement between the verb and its arguments as a predominant
phenomenon in language has received major attention in the theoretical
literature. One specific aspect under discussion concerns differences between
number and person agreement, with the latter being the more restricted one
(restricted by Baker’s 2008 SCOPA, by
variants of the Person Licensing Condition of Béjar & Rezac 2003, or by multiple agreement see
Schütze 2003; Ackema & Neeleman 2018). In this
paper we address the restrictions on person agreement with a nominative noun
phrase in a low position by investigating a relatively little-discussed
configuration, namely specificational copular constructions in Dutch such as
dat de inspiratie voor deze roman niet jij
%bent/??is. We provide data from both a
production and a rating study comparing 3/2 person agreement and show that what
initially looks like a “person effect” in Dutch turns out to be a pronoun
effect.
Emphatic reflexives as part-structure modifiers
Authors: Tellings Jos
Published: November 2019

The standard analysis of emphatic reflexives assumes that they
are focused expressions of identity in all their uses (e.g. Gast 2006). On the basis of semantic
and prosodic data, I argue that exclusive adverbial emphatic reflexives in Dutch
and English should instead be analyzed as expressions excluding certain
participants from the modified event (“P-exclusives”). The proposed analysis is
based on Moltmann’s (2004) account of
the part-structure modifier ‘alone’, and avoids a number of problems that the
standard analysis has when applied to these data.
Metaphor and metonymy in jokes
Authors: Herrero Ruiz Javier
Published: November 2019

Over the last few years there has been a rapprochement between Cognitive Linguistics and semantic theories of humour based on the notion ofscriptorframe. By drawing on Ritchie’s version of the theory of frame-shifting (2005) and reviewing the cognitive linguistic account of humour, we shall demonstrate how the interpretation of jokes containing a metaphor or a metonymy involves two cognitive-pragmatic tasks: the completion of the metaphorical/metonymic mapping that results in a new frame, and the resolution of the joke’s incongruity via a contrast with the surrounding frames of the joke.

We also develop a classification of frame shifts according to their ontological structure (non-metaphorical/metonymic shifts and shifts based on metaphorical and/or metonymic reasoning) and the degree of the interpreter’s inferential activity (conceptual filling out and metaphor/metonymy replacement). In doing so, we attempt to identify some of the defining features of humorous metaphors and metonymies, as well as other phenomena that may also characterise jokes.
A connected history of audiovisual translation
Authors: Gambier Yves , Jin Haina
Published: November 2019

Why do we need a history of audiovisual translation? The elements of such a history cannot be tackled without any context, especially outside of a history of cinema, understood both as an art made of techniques and a business. And what kind of history do we need? We try here to define the conditions and resources for a connected and comparative history and deal with a few methodological challenges.
The postmitotic midbody: Regulating polarity, stemness, and proliferation
Authors: Peterman Eric , Prekeris Rytis
Published: November 2019

Abscission, the final stage of cell division, requires well-orchestrated changes in endocytic trafficking, microtubule severing, actin clearance, and the physical sealing of the daughter cell membranes. These processes are highly regulated, and any missteps in localized membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics often lead to a delay or a failure in cell division. The midbody, a microtubule-rich structure that forms during cytokinesis, is a key regulator of abscission and appears to function as a signaling platform coordinating cytoskeleton and endosomal dynamics during the terminal stages of cell division. It was long thought that immediately following abscission and the conclusion of cell division, the midbody is either released or rapidly degraded by one of the daughter cells. Recently, the midbody has gained prominence for exerting postmitotic functions. In this review, we detail the role of the midbody in orchestrating abscission, as well as discuss the relatively new field of postabscission midbody biology, particularly focusing on how it may act to regulate cell polarity and its potential to regulate cell tumorigenicity or stemness.
Magnetic flux penetration into micron-sized superconductor/ferromagnet bilayers
Authors: Simmendinger J , Weigand M , Schütz G , Albrecht J
Published: November 2019

Flux penetration into small superconductor/ferromagnet elements is investigated by magneto-optical imaging and magnetic scanning transmission x-ray microscopy at low temperatures. It is found that penetration of magnetic flux into a thin bilayer of YBCO and Py strongly depends on the direction of a perpendicular magnetic field. The soft-magnetic layer acts as an amplifier for magnetic in-plane components that are generated by electric currents in the superconductor. These in-plane components point in opposite direction above the ferromagnet and below the superconductor. As a consequence a strong inclination of the local magnetic field occurs that significantly slows down or speeds up the flux penetration into such elements. From detailed magnetic scanning x-ray microscopy results it is found that the effect dramatically increases if the elements get smaller. In 20 × 20 μm2 superconducting squares we observe magnetic flux penetration that differs by more than a factor of four when reversing the external magnetic field.
Open circuit voltage generated by dragging superconducting vortices with a dynamic pinning potential
Authors: Xue Cun , He An , Milošević Milorad V , Silhanek Alejandro V , Zhou You-He
Published: November 2019

We theoretically investigate, through Ginzburg–Landau simulations, the possibility to induce an open circuit voltage in absence of applied current, by dragging superconducting vortices with a dynamic pinning array as for instance that created by a nearby sliding vortex lattice or moving laser spots. Different dynamic regimes, such as synchronous vortex motion or dynamic vortex chains consisting of laggard vortices, can be observed by varying the velocity of the sliding pinning potential and the applied magnetic field. Additionally, due to the edge barrier, significantly different induced voltage is found depending on whether the vortices are dragged along the superconducting strip or perpendicular to the lateral edges. The output voltage in the proposed mesoscopic superconducting dynamo can be tuned by varying size, density and directions of the sliding pinning potential.
Leggett collective excitations in a two-band Fermi superfluid at finite temperatures
Authors: Klimin S N , Kurkjian H , Tempere J
Published: November 2019

The Leggett collective excitations for a two-band Fermi gas with s-wave pairing and Josephson interband coupling in the BCS-BEC crossover at finite temperatures are investigated within the Gaussian pair fluctuation approach. Eigenfrequencies and damping factors for Leggett modes are determined in a nonperturbative way, using the analytic continuation of the fluctuation propagator through a branch cut in the complex frequency plane, as in Kurkjian et al (2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
122 093403). The treatment is performed beyond the low-energy expansion, which is necessary when the collective excitation energy reaches the pair-breaking continuum edge. The results are applied in particular to cold atomic gases at the orbital Feshbach resonance and in a regime far from BEC, which can be relevant for future experiments.
Basic features of the multiscale interaction between tearing modes and slab ion-temperature-gradient modes*
Authors: Wei L , Wang Z X , Li J Q , Hu Z Q , Kishimoto Y
Published: November 2019

Nonlinear interaction between tearing modes (TM) and slab ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) modes is numerically investigated by using a Landau fluid model. It is observed that the energy spectra with respect to wavenumbers become broader during the transition phase from the ITG-dominated stage to TM-dominated stage. Accompanied with the fast growth of the magnetic island, the frequency of TM/ITG with long/short wavelength fluctuations in the electron/ion diamagnetic direction decreases/increases respectively. The decrease of TM frequency is identified to result from the effect of the profile flattening in the vicinity of the magnetic island, while the increase of the frequencies of ITG fluctuations is due to the eigenmode transition of ITG induced by the large scale zonal flow and zonal current related to TM. Roles of zonal current induced by the ITG fluctuations in the instability of TM are also analyzed. Finally, the electromagnetic transport features in the vicinity of the magnetic island are discussed.
Observation of thermal events on the plasma facing components of Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Sitjes A. Puig , Gao Y. , Jakubowski M. , Drewelow P. , Niemann H. , Ali A. , Moncada V. , Pisano F. , Ngo T.T. , Cannas B. , Sleczka M.
Published: November 2019

Long pulse operation of present and future magnetic fusion devices requires sophisticated methods for protection of plasma facing components from overheating. Typically, thermographic systems are being used to fulfill this task. Steady state operation requires, however, autonomous operation of the system and fully automatic detection of abnormal events. At Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), a large advanced stellarator, which aims at demonstrating the capabilities of the stellarator line as a future fusion power plant, significant efforts are being undertaken to develop a fully automatic system based on thermographic diagnostics. In October 2018, the first divertor-based experimental campaign has been finished. One of the goals of this operation phase (named OP1.2) was to study the capabilities of the island divertor concept using an uncooled test divertor made of fine-grain graphite tiles. Throughout this campaign, it was possible to test the infrared imaging diagnostic system, which will be used to protect the actively water-cooled plasma facing components (PFCs) during the steady-state operation in the next experimental campaign. An overview of the most relevant thermal events on the PFCs that were detected in OP1.2 using this system are presented. This includes events that limited operation during the campaign, like baffle hot spots and divertor overloads, events that are potentially critical in steady state operation like leading edges, events caused by the ECRH and NBI heating systems (shine-through hot spots and fast particle losses) and other events which are a common source of false alarms like surface layers. The detected thermal events are now part of an important and extensive image database which will be used to further automate the system by means of computer vision and machine learning techniques in preparation for steady-state operation, when the system must be able to detect dangerous events and protect the machine in real-time.
Assessing international virtual water trade of crops in Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Cai Rong , Hu Mengting , Guo Huiting , Zhang Sinan , Bai Xue , Zhang Lijia
Published: November 2019

Faced with increasingly severe pressure on water resources, virtual water and virtual water trade theory provide a feasible solution to improve global water use efficiency for agricultural production and to alleviate the pressure on water resources in water-scarce countries or regions. The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, is facing increasing water scarcity. In this study we researched the crops international virtual water trade of 9 provinces and autonomous regions in Yellow River Basin in 2002 to 2010, to explore the effect on water resource of Yellow River Basin by crops international virtual water trade. The result shows that Yellow River Basin was the virtual water net import region in 2002 to 2010. Virtual water net import was increased from 7.5 billion tonnes to 52.4 billion tonnes from other countries in Yellow River Basin. Virtual water imports of Yellow River Basin relied mainly on the soybean import. Yellow River Basin exported virtual water by international trade of rice from 2002 to 2010. Yellow River Basin only exported virtual water by international trade of wheat in 2005 and imported virtual water in the other years. Also, Yellow River Basin imported virtual water by international trade of corn in 2002 to 2007 and exported virtual water in 2008 to 2010. The import and export of virtual water of rice, wheat and corn was very small compared to soybean. So crops international virtual water trade played a very important role in the water resources utilize of Yellow River Basin and will be increasingly important. This will to some extent alleviate the pressure of the water shortage in Yellow River Basin.
Evaluation of the Influence of Ningxi Water Supply Project on Economy, Society and Environment of Ningxia
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Liang Ji
Published: November 2019

Ningxi Water Supply Project (here in after referred to as “the Project”) undertakes many important tasks, such as supporting the industrial development of Yinchuan City, providing ecological protection for Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area and Yinchuan City, and developing the dominant agricultural industry in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain. Therefore, it is important to carry out the evaluation of the influence of the Project on the economy, society and environment of Ningxia, such evaluation and analysis can help us make a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the role of the Project of Ningxia, and then take further corresponding measures to promote the normal performance of the Project to support and guarantee the healthy, sustainable economic and social development of Ningxia.
Comparative analysis of pore structure and fractal characteristics of micropores in medium and high rank coals——Taking the typical mining area of western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan as an example
Authors: Peng Yujie , Chen Guoneng , Liu Peng , Qi Xili , Song Shuai
Published: November 2019

In order to clarify the micropore pore structure characteristics of medium and high rank coal reservoirs, based on low temperature CO2 adsorption test and surface/volume fractal theory, the structure and fractal characteristics of medium and high coal rank micropores (0.40∼2nm) were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of coal metamorphism, the pore size of coal reservoirs changes from 0.55∼0.8nm to 0.5∼0.7nm, and the pore size is 0.5∼0.9nm. Microporous pores have good fractal characteristics, Dav1<Dav2 indicating stage the pore volume heterogeneity increases with the pore size in the pore range. Dav2 is positively correlated with the maximum vitrinite reflectance, indicating that the pore volume heterogeneity increases with the pore size in the micropore range. The heterogeneity of the surface area of the adsorption pore is far more complicated than the volume heterogeneity, Das1< Das2⩾Das3, indicating that the surface heterogeneity of the micropore decreases with the decrease of the pore size and tends to be stable; As the degree of metamorphism of coal increases. And the study shows that the influence of coal rank on surface heterogeneity decreases with the decrease of pore size.
Impacts of air pollution and meteorological conditions on the generation efficiency of photovoltaic system in Xi’an, China
Authors: Liyuan Zhang , Xiaoxiao Yi , jiale Yan , Binyu Bai , Wenrui Guo , Yachen Fu , Min Zhao
Published: November 2019

In recent years, as a renewable resource, solar energy has been widely used and has bright prospects. Studies have shown that air pollution has a certain impact on photovoltaic power generation, but the quantitively influence of the impact factors is not clear. Though the analysis of experimental records of various air pollutants and meteorological factors, and calculation results of extinction coefficient and power generation efficiency, the main factors affecting photovoltaic power generation are determined quantitively.
Production of bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of seafood waste--taking Zhoushan coastal anglerfish waste as an example
Authors: Lou Chenxi , Feng Ge , Cao Fengming , Chen Yong
Published: November 2019

As an important part of renewable energy, the development and utilization of biomass hydrothermal liquefaction and oil production technology has become one of the important topics in the field of sustainable energy research in the new century. Based on China is rich in resources, low comprehensive utilization of seafood waste as raw materials, with low energy consumption, reaction conditions are relatively mild hydrothermal liquefaction process of the production of oil, to study the efficiency of oil in the process of hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, and by comparing the experimental conditions (temperature, raw material and the water ratio, reaction time, catalyst and its concentration) the influence of the reaction. Through the analysis of the infrared spectrum, density and viscosity of the bio-oil, the bio-oil contains alcohols, phenols, acids, esters, ketones and amines. The product oil is heavy oil and can be used after certain processing.
Characteristics and Mechanism of Loess Landslides Induced by Strong Earthquake in The Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Pu Xiaowu , Xu Shiyang
Published: November 2019

The Loess Plateau is the main loess distribution area in China with strong tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes. This paper systematically summarizes the characteristics and mechanism of loess landslides induced by strong earthquakes. The geometric characteristics of loess seismic landslide are gentle slope with 10°∼25°. The motion characteristics of earthquake-induced loess landslides are high-speed and long-distance. The distribution characteristics of loess seismic landslides are also basically consistent with the distribution of earthquake active region, and mainly distribute in loess hilly and gully area or the edges of the loess tableland. Based on the mechanism of seismic instability of loess slope, we consider that there are three types of loess landslides: seismic subsidence type, liquefaction type and tension-shear coupling type.
The effect of make-up air system on the performance of oil fume collection in commercial kitchen
Authors: Chen Ruoning , Zhao Dongfang , You Xue-yi
Published: November 2019

Make-up air and exhaust system dominates the airflow pattern in the commercial kitchen. In this paper, the numerical simulations were performed to analyze and compare the effect of different make-up air modes on the flow field characteristics, the temperature and concentration of C19H30 distribution and the collection efficiency of fume particles. It was shown that air curtain supply can prevent oil fume from spreading out more effectively than ceiling supply (CS) mode. It improves primary collection efficiency when the exhaust airflow rate is less than 4500m3/h in upward air curtain supply (UACS) and 4000 m3/h in downward air curtain supply (DACS) mode, respectively.
Analysis of Heat Hazard and Exploration of Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Deep Buried Thick Coal——SeamTaking Ningzheng Mining Area as an Example
Authors: Yu Lan , Yang Rili , Zheng Chao , Yang Fengfeng , Su Ruiqing
Published: November 2019

At present, 53% of reserves buried under 1 kilometers in China and the amount of green coal resources is less than 500 billion tons. Ningzheng Mining Area is a newly developed large-scale coal mining area in Western China, and is the main succession area of coal resources in Gansu Province in the future. The coal seams are generally buried more than 1 kilometres. Taking the newly built mines in Ningzheng Mining Area as an example, this paper carried out a geological analysis of thermal environment and analysis of the main influencing factors of thermal hazards, established the model of mine production system, and explored several comprehensive utilization technologies of thermal hazards such as HEMS (High Temperature Exchange Machinery System) cooling technology model and gas, the cooling modes of power generation combined heat, power and cooling system and the artificial ice-making. The cooling technology can effectively guide the development of new mines in Western China in mines and the efficient utilization of resources.
Optimization of Different Carbohydrate-rich Foods Combining Carbon Footprint and Nutritional Value
Authors: Yang Xiaoke , Chen Qian , Chen Qiuhua , Xu Weijun , Xu Zhongyue
Published: November 2019

Background: The food system significantly contributes to global carbon emissions. Carbohydrate-rich (CR) foods are very important components of Chinese traditional foods. However, it is often neglected because animal-based foods are considered as more efficient to reduce GHG emissions. Optimized dietaries through linear programming considering nutrients intake and carbon emissions have raised attention of many researchers. Objectives: This study was highlighted on the carbon emissions of 19 common CR foods consumption in China and tried to develop a sustainable dietary scenario that can be both environment friendly and healthy. Results: Results showed that when providing sufficient nutrients, optimized refined grain produced much higher carbon emissions than the current CR food diet. A theoretical dietary pattern and a realistic dietary pattern could reduce carbon emissions significantly. Rice and tailored flour consumption substituted by whole grains, beans and tuber foods can both reduce GHG emissions and increase nutrients intake. Due to the demand difference in nutrients, dietary structure of males and females were significantly different. Conclusion: The importance of this study was showed implied potential for reducing carbon emissions from CR foods that was neglected usually. Besides, sustainable CR foods dietary patterns also generated to combine ecological and nutritional aspects.
Analysis on Professional Team Formation for Chemical Firefighting Based on Petrochemical Fire Treatment in A Certain City
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Li Changhai , Lu Shouxiang
Published: November 2019

The petrochemical disaster accidents nowadays are often characterized in large scale and great complexity, showing features of abrupt happening, severe damages, high requirements on firefighting techniques, great disposing difficulties, and long firefighting time. The technical and tactical research on petrochemical fire disaster disposition has always been a vital subject of the fire brigade. In this paper, in view of firefighting combat estimation, technical and tactical application and equipment model selection under different fire disaster conditions, the basic combat formation and equipment standard were proposed according to the petrochemical industry layout and structural features of a certain city. It is significant to further standardize the formation of daily training and cross-region joint operation. Meanwhile, it can effectively enhance the professional ability and level of the firefighting team in disposing petrochemical accidents.
A comprehensive and comparative analysis of liposoluble constituents in sloughs of five different species of snakes by GC-MS
Authors: Chunfu Shao , Wei You , Minsha Qiao , Fan Wang , Changwen Li , Yujie Dai
Published: November 2019

As a sort of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), snake sloughs have been proved to be effective in curing miscellaneous diseases such as pruritus, muscular spasm and laryngalgia. However, there are few researches on their chemical components, especially the discriminant analysis based on different species. In this study, the liposoluble constituents in sloughs of five species of snakes (Deinagkistrodon, Elaphe carinata, Naja atra, Ptyas mucosus and Zaocys dhumnades) were revealed by comparative evaluation on GC-MS analysis that fatty acids (49.89%-54.65%) and steroids (13.55%-24.98%) were their major components. Moreover, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found by cluster analysis to be the key index to distinguish the quality of a snake slough. It could be concluded that the slough of Naja atra be more appropriate to be a raw material of traditional Chinese medicines. It was also concluded that the GC-MS based method as well as the experimental results could be of referential value for further studies on the efficiency and activities of snake sloughs.
Research on an accurate heart rate extraction method based on image sequence
Authors: Yu Jiang-jun , Zhou Liang , Liu Zhao-hui
Published: November 2019

We had collected the video frame of people’s index finger by the smart phone, and then extracted the human’s pulse signal by analyzing the sequence images. When the original signal exists serious noise interference, the traditional heart rate detection algorithm is not applicable. Therefore, we proposed a heart rate extraction algorithm based on K-means clustering algorithm and dynamic image sequence, which can effectively extract heart rate information under the condition of strong noise. Finally, we used Bland-Altman analysis method to evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm, and the experimental result shows that it’s in good agreement with the professional measuring instrument.
Analysis of mRNA biomarker predicting progression of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by big data mining
Authors: Deng Jianzhi , Cheng Xiaohui , Zhou Yuehan
Published: November 2019

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy. In this study, we focus on the research of the progressed biomarker of the ALL disease based on the ALL phase II to phase III mRNA expression data from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatment (TARGET). 204 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were screened from the mRNA matrix (P-value < 0.01 and |LogFoldChange| > 4). And the DEmRNAs were enriched in 16 MF, 15 CC and 49 BP groups of the gene ontology (GO) terms (Count > 2 and P-value < 0.1) and 3 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways (P-value < 0.05, q-value < 0.05) by the GO and KEGG pathway analysis. The survival analysis done by Kaplan-meier method was shown that the DEmRNAs and their enriched GOterms were closely related with the high risk of ALL progression. And the DemRNAs would be the progressed biomarker of ALL when they were proved by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
An improved clinical data similarity algorithm based on ICD10
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Wang Kai , Hu Bin , Huang Yu
Published: November 2019

Disease prediction helps prevent disease and early diagnosis, and accurate classification of patients greatly improves the accuracy of disease prediction. Today’s massive multi-dimensional medical data and its similarity algorithms provide the basis for the classification of clinical diseases. Based on this, we randomly generated the simulated clinical data of ICD10 structure, used the improved similarity algorithm to calculate the similarity and classification of the two patients, and found the patients belonging to different disease categories in the classified patient group. This finding provides a scientific basis for the correction of genetic algorithms and genetic research.
Classification and phylogenetic relationship of 10 fig varieties by RAPD and SSR molecular markers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoai , Hu Yue , Liu Liping , Wang Xingteng , Wang Weixin , Liu Yuerong , Deng Qunxian , Zhang Huifen , Wang Xun , Xia Hui , Liang Dong
Published: November 2019

In this experiment, 24 fig varieties were analyzed by RAPD and SSR. Results showed that 80 loci were amplified by 9 RAPD primers, including 70 polymorphic loci. The polymorphic percentage was 87.50%. A total of 34 allelic variations were detected in 10 pairs of SSR primers, 29 of which were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic sites was 85.29%. Correlation analysis of the two markers of genetic identity showed significant correlation, indicating that the two markers were highly consistent in the analysis of fig genetic diversity. Cluster analysis revealed that the RAPD markers showed that the 24 fig varieties had a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.7 and could be divided into four groups. SSR markers showed that the 24 fig varieties can be divided into four groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66. The results show that the two molecular markers are suitable for the genetic diversity analysis of fig, and they are more reliable when combined than when used alone.
Research progress and design strategy of hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kaixiang Shen
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells is divided into inorganic materials, organic small molecular materials and polymer materials, and their development in recent years is reviewed. After focusing on the factors affecting the transport ability of the hole transport layer, it was found that the thiophene structure and the triphenylamine group can significantly improve the hole transporting ability of the hole transporting material, thereby designing two novel hole transporting materials TTT and TST. According to the simulation calculation of density functional theory, the energy level prediction of TTT and TST shows that the HOMO energy level can reach -5.27eV and -5.33eV respectively, which can achieve better energy level matching.
Cyclic pumping technique to increase CO2 sequestration in fractured geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Bongole Kelvin , Sun Zhixue , Yao Jun , Mboje James , Jiang Chuanyin , Wang Tong
Published: November 2019

Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in deep geothermal reservoirs is one of the promising technique to reduce global temperature by decreasing the atmospheric CO2 content. In this study, a cyclic pumping technique is proposed and applied in an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) for CO2 sequestration together with heat mining process. Cyclic pumping at higher frequency (small interval of days) can significantly increase the accumulated amount of CO2 sequestrated. Reducing the pumping frequency results to lower amounts of CO2 sequestrated, less than using a fixed pumping pressure. The pumping frequency refers to the number of days between maximum to minimum pressure interchange. Furthermore, compared to a fixed low pumping pressure, a cyclic pumping technique improves geothermal heat extraction ratio, thus higher performance of the EGS.
Optimization and Analysis of Grinding Head Components Based on MGK-4080 CNC Grinding Machine
Authors: Yan Liu , Gui-sheng Zhou , Guang-hua Lu , Yao-qi Shen , Di-pei Yang
Published: November 2019

The research of CNC grinding machine system has become an important frontier topic in the field of machinery industry. In this paper, the design and optimization analysis of the grinding head components of MGK-4080 CNC grinding machine are carried out. Therefore, the research of this subject has high scientific research value and economic value, which is of great significance to the development of the subsequent grinding machine parts system of CNC grinding machine.
Collapse Failure of Submarine Pipelines with Corrosion Defect
Authors: Chen Yanfei , Gao Modi , Ao Chuan , Liu Hao , Ma Shang , Liu Hanyu
Published: November 2019

Corrosion is a common type of defects which results serious impact on the safe operation of submarine pipelines. Considering the influence of corrosion defects, the collapse failure mode and collapse pressure of submarine pipelines are investigated. It is concluded that corrosion has a significant effect on the collapse failure of submarine pipelines. Under various corrosion depth and width, different collapse modes are obtained. In terms of collapse pressure, the influence of corrosion depth is more pronounced than corrosion width. The deeper the corrosion defect is, the less impact the corrosion width could cause.