bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Etiology of Osteomyelitis and its Empirical Therapy
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Pliska Natalya , Tokubayeva Daken ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to study the causative agents of osteomyelitis in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to identify the sensitivity of antibiotics for empirical therapy in the study of different groups of antimicrobial drugs. Methods. In all patients admitted with chronic osteomyelitis to the Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics for the period 2017 - 2019, swabs were taken from the wound discharge, fistulous canal, punctate, as well as the selected biomaterial after surgery, in case of re-revision of the joint or its replacement in order to determine the microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics. The results of the study showed that over the course of three years of observations in 2017 - 2019, Staphylococcus aureus is in the lead in the etiology of osteomyelitis. It was found that the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus is preserved to cephalosporins of the III-IV generation, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems and vancomycin. The group of tricyclic glycopeptides, which is represented by vancomycin, can be used as a backup application in cases of detection of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Conclusions. For 2017 - 2019, Staphylococcus aureus is the leader in the etiology of osteomyelitis. The drugs of choice in critically ill patients for this purpose may be the following antibiotics: Timentin, Ceftazidime or Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Meropenem or Imipenem, which can be used as empiric therapy
Long-term Survival of Endoprostheses in Patients of Different Age Groups
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vredena, Shubnyakov Maxim , Tikhilov Rashid ,   Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vredena, Shubnyakov Igor ,   Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vredena, Denisov Alexey ,   Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vredena
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of evaluating the long-term effectiveness of primary hip replacement in patients of different age groups using endoprostheses with various types of fixation and a metal-polyethylene friction pair and substantiate recommendations for choosing the optimal combination of articulating surfaces. Long-term survival of endoprostheses was influenced by age, initial diagnosis and higher level of physical activity. At the risk of revision are patients under 50 years of age, in whom the relative risk of early revisions is 2 times higher and that of late revisions is 3.6 times higher
Mid-Term Results of Two-stage Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors:   Ankara 29 Mayıs State Hospital, Koker Yasin , Yuzugulen Mehmet ,   Sanlıurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Karaguven Dogac ,   Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Akan Burak ,   Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Doral Mahmut Nedim ,   Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Today, knee arthroplasty is one of the most common surgical procedures. Infection after endoprosthetics is the most dangerous complication in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty, which negatively affects the prognosis. Most cases of infection develop within the first 2 years after surgery, and the frequency is 1.5%, and after that it decreases to 0.5%. Material and Method. When a study group of 31 patients (22 female, 9 male) who were diagnosed with infected knee prosthesis and underwent two-stage revision knee prosthesis as a treatment method; the mean age of all patients (31 patients) was 68.78 years. In our study by using the American knee association scoring system; preoperative knee scores of 31 patients who underwent two-stage revision surgery were 35.43 ± 7.14, while this parameter was found to be 83.27 ± 8.89 postoperatively (p <0.01). Conclusion. We believe that two-stage revision surgery is an effective method in the treatment of infection that develops after primary total knee arthroplasty application. Restoration of the joint line in accordance with the anatomical structure will positively affect the clinical results, and the use of a long stem to increase the stability of the prosthesis is appropriate for successful results, especially in the cases with bone defects. Key words: Total Knee Arthroplasty, Two-Stage Revision Surgery, Infected Knee Prosthesis.
Results of a Study of Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents with Low-energy Fractures of Long Bones
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Matanov Zamirbek , Umarov Fayzulla ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The aim: to determine the initial indicators of bone mineral density in children and adolescents with fractures of long bones, to assess the status of vitamin D. Methods. We studied the data of densitometric and laboratory methods of studying 46 sick children (39 (84.8%) boys and 7 (15.2%) girls) with long bone fractures at the age from 6 to 18 years. Bone mineral density was assessed by the method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on a bone densitometer using the Eurasian regulatory database. Results. In 9 sick children with fractures, osteopenia of the I degree was revealed, in one patient - osteopenia of the II degree, in 5 patients - osteoporosis of the I degree, in the remaining 31 children the indicators of bone mineral density corresponded to normal values. Low calcium levels in 56.4% of boys and 57.1% of girls, along with increased alkaline phosphatase activity in 94.8% of boys and 100% of girls, testified to impaired bone formation. The results showed that 61.5% of boys were deficient and 57.1% of girls were deficient in vitamin D. Conclusion. Low bone mineral density, the presence of hypovitaminosis D in children and adolescents with low-energy fractures, given the importance of these indicators for fracture healing, require correction of the revealed violations: the choice of more gentle treatment methods, the appointment of adequate drug therapy, dynamic monitoring of the effectiveness of the prescribed therapy, and in children with a confirmed diagnosis of osteoporosis - studies of bone mineral density in dynamics. Key words: bone mineral density, low-energy fractures of long bones, hypovitaminosis D, osteoporosis, fractures in children and adolescents, Uzbekistan.
The Dynamics of Indicators of Industrial Injuries in Karaganda Region
Authors:   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Jaxybekova Galina , Bermagambetova Gazima ,   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Tuleubayev Berik ,   Karaganda Medical University
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative analysis of the indicators of industrial injuries in Karaganda region for 2015-2019. Methods. The article analyzes the data on industrial injuries in Karaganda region for 2015-2019 years by the method of descriptive statistics, as well as the material consequences of accidents. Results. In Karaganda region, the number of victims in accidents related to labor activity per 100 thousand adult populations is 2.5 times, and the number of deaths is 2.2 times higher than the national indicator. Over the 5-year period, there has been a slight decrease in the number of work-related fatalities from 9.9% in 2015 to 9% for 2019. At the same time, there was a 1.2-fold increase in material costs. Conclusions. In Karaganda region for 2015-2019, the number of people injured at work decreased. Nevertheless, the level of industrial injuries remains quite high, indicating the need to improve the procedure of certification of production facilities on working conditions, as well as the regulatory framework on compliance with working conditions in the mining industry. Keywords: occupational injury rate, fatality rate, disability rate, Karaganda region, Kazakhstan
Issues of Medical Products Import Phase-out Applied in the Field of Traumatology and Orthopaedics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Policy Brief
Authors:   National Research Center for Trauma and Orthopaedics named after Academician ND Batpenov, Bekarissov Olzhas , Batpen Arman ,   National Research Center for Trauma and Orthopaedics named after Academician ND Batpenov, Ospanov Kuanysh ,   National Research Center for Trauma and Orthopaedics named after Academician ND Batpenov, Orazova Galiya ,   Astana Medical University
Published: December 2021

What the problem is? - Medical products applied in the field of traumatology and orthopaedics of Kazakhstan are fully import phase-out; - Measures carried out within the framework of medical products import phase-out applied in this field have been put on hold due to lack of funding. Policy options • Option 1. Regulatory and economic support from the state in particular an assistance in investors attracting for production growth of the domestic medical products applied in the field of traumatology and orthopaedics; • Option 2. Upgrade training of participants of the process on medical products import phase-out applied in the field of traumatology and orthopaedics of Kazakhstan for promotion of competitiveness on the market; • Option 3. Development of longstanding complex research and practice program for formation of clinical evidential base on efficiency and safety of medical products the manufacturing of which is planned within the framework of import phase-out policy. Policy options realization perspective Our three policy options are mutually supportive. The combined realization of these policy options will allow organizing the production of domestic medical products in the field of traumatology and orthopaedics with the aim of import phase-out. Conclusions Import phase-out of medical products in the field of traumatology and orthopaedics (prostheses, implants, various plates, etc.), of course, is an effective solution in terms of economics. However, to achieve this goal from the state, regulatory and economic support is needed. In turn, the manufacturer must also increase its own potential. We expect that after the stabilization of domestic production of medical products in traumatology orthopaedics and full-fledged import phase-out, problems associated with the export of these products may arise. We believe that a “vertical” strategy focused on the domestic market is most suitable for the development of domestic production of medical products. Key words: traumatology and orthopaedics, medical products, import phase-out, Kazakhstan
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Injury Rates in the World and in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Astana Medical University, Mussina Aiman , Amirseitova Farida ,   Astana Medical University, Ismailova Aigul ,   Astana Medical University
Published: December 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an overall decrease in injury rates. The type of injury also changed depending on the period and the strengthening of restrictive measures: the number of street, sports, and school injuries decreased. However, the share of domestic injuries increased. This information can be useful in planning the work of health authorities and allocating resources in pandemic situations that may arise in the future. Keywords: injuries, COVID-19, pandemic, quarantine measures, Kazakhstan.
Clustering-based device-to-device discovery and content delivery in wireless networks
Authors: Tolga Girici  , Ahmet Cihat Kazez
Published: December 2021

Device-to-device (D2D) cache placement and content delivery is a recent technology that exploits idle memory capacity of mobile devices and promises to fulfill users' content needs with very low delay and without using the scarce cellular network capacity. Recent literature on D2D caching mostly concentrated on optimal cache placement and mostly disregarded the required discovery mechanisms and the accompanying overhead. In this work we propose a clustering-based procedure that is used to cache content at the helper nodes along with advertisement and discovery procedures for content delivery. We implement a Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based simulation setup to evaluate the proposed schemes. Numerical results reveal that the clustering-based user and content discovery significantly improves cellular offloading and reduces the discovery overhead with a minimal sacrifice from delay.
Одна из задач турецкой делегации на Брест-Литовских мирных переговорах (03-15. 12. 1917)
Authors: Kavrelishvili Roin
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются пять турецких документов. Их анализ показывает суть одной из задач турецкой делегации на Брест-Литовских мирных переговорах - проблему эвакуации османских территорий, завоеванных российской армией после победы в Сарыкамышской операции. Из этих же документов видно, что османская делегация не смогла достичь своей цели, поставленной на первом этапе переговоров.
Влияние животных на экономические, религиозные и культурные аспекты жизни урартов
Authors: Manaseryan Nina , Mirzoyan Lubov
Published: December 2021

На Армянском нагорье в середине IX в. до н. э. образовалось и про-существовало до VI в. до н. э. одно из могущественных рабовладельческих государств Древнего Востока - Урарту. Археологические исследования, проведенные на территории урартского государства, выявили клинообразные надписи свидетельствующие о завоеваниях и строительных работах урартских царей, остатки древних крепостей, храмов, ирригационной системы. Результаты раскопок свидетельствовали о больших масштабах государственных, храмовых и частных хозяйств, обилии скотских помещений в жилых кварталах. В то же время, фаунистические остатки, как неотъемлемая часть археологических раскопок, на протяжении многих лет оставались без особого внимания.
Գետահովիտ -2 քարայրում 2020թ. իրականացված պեղումների արդյունքները
Authors: Kalantaryan Iren , Zarikyan Nushik , Fereteshyan Vahagn
Published: December 2021

2020թ. շարունակվեցին Աղստևի վտակ Խաչաղբյուրի կիրճում (Տավուշի մարզ) տեղակայված Գետահովիտ-2 քարայր կացարանի վաղ շերտերի պեղումները։ Մի քանի տարվա ընթացքում կուտակված նյութը թույլ է տալիս հետաքրքիր գիտական եզրահանգումներ կատարել, նաև փաստեր արձանագրել պղնձիքարիդարի բնակության հորիզոնների վերաբերյալ։ Հոդվածում ներկայացվում են վերջին տարիների պեղումների տվյալները, որոնք քննարկում են ավելի վաղ թվագրվող հորիզոնները քարայրում։
Analysing Israel-Hamas Conflict Based on Game Theory Approach
Authors:   Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, PRC, Hamida Abdullah , Jin Yongsheng ,   Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, PRC
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT The Islamic Resistance Movement (AKA: Hamas) has taken control over Gaza Strip, Palestine, in 2007. Since then, the organization was in a continues hit-run conflict against the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF). The conflict is very resistant to any sort of resolution, and Hamas and Israel engage frequently in what it seems an endless cycle of resentment and violence. Despite numerous mediations by global and regional powers, this conflict appears to be further away than ever. This particular conflict can’t be addressed according to the common negotiation theories that based on rationality and hard politics, which seems not that functional. Instead, a model based on the game theory approach is presented in this study to explain this phenomenon. In this work, some facts about Israel - Hamas regional concerns are explained. Moreover, the study analyses the reasons behind Hamas enforcing calm in Gaza, even though Hamas considers Israel as its arch enemy. The presented model shows that whenever Israel and Hamas reach an agreement, both sides can collaborate in maintaining a state of calm. Moreover, results show that the proposed model is applicable to analyse a conflict in terms of actions, duration and terms of settlement. KEYWORDS: Israel; Israeli-Palestinian conflict; Hamas; Gaza strip; Game theory
Controlling the Menace of High-tech Weapons: A New Direction for Arms Control
Authors:   Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn, Germany, Swan Ryan R. , Hovaness Haig ,   Peace Action Committee of the Green Party of the United States, USA
Published: December 2021

Abstract This paper describes the risks posed by the advent of software-based weaponry (SBW) and the novel challenges it raises for existing arms control architectures. It highlights the fundamental mismatch between the dynamic, persistent character of SBW advancement and the static, intermittent nature of prevailing arms control practices, and argues that a new arms control model is needed in order to keep pace with the rapidly evolving SBW threat. It introduces a preliminary sketch of a modernized arms control approach that better accounts for the realities of contemporary arms development. Keywords: arms control, arms race, high-tech weapons, emerging technologies
Encircling Transnational Peace through Khaita – Joyful Dances
Authors:   University of Salzburg, Austria, Leick Eva
Published: December 2021

Abstract This article investigates how Khaita- Joyful Dances promote an understanding of peace from a transrational and Buddhist perspective. Khaita dances have been created by the Buddhist Dzogchen master Namkhai Norbu as a practice of presence and collaboration, promoting an inner attitude of peace spreading from the individual to the group. Peace is hereby understood as a multi-faceted, intra- as well as interpersonal, dynamic state perceived and experienced not only by the intellectual mind but also through the body and subtle energies. This article is structured in three parts. First, I will explore peace theory in the context of Khaita. Second, I will illustrate the peace understanding promoted by the Tibetan artists through examples from the Khaita songs. The Tibetan song lyrics thereby express the wish for unification amongst Tibetans and the desire for (world) peace. Third, I will investigate the principles of accessible participation, equality as well as collaboration as parameters for peace experiences through examples from the Khaita practice sessions as well as Khaita Kordros, circle dances. The circle dances thereby offer an easy, non-hierarchical immersion in a diverse group of dancers and require presence and self-observation. KEYWORDS: transrational peace, peace theory, circle dance, Tibetan dance, Buddhism
Global Citizenship Education (GCED) in The Digital Era: The Unexpected Tool for Peacebuilding. How 21st Century Fluencies Can Shape Sustainable Global Peace?
Authors:   Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies-Paris, France, El Massoudi Nezha
Published: December 2021

Abstract If education is unanimously recognized as a powerful and impactful tool for social advancement, its use in global affairs as a major component has not yet been fully acknowledged. The current world state, with multiplying challenges amidst a global crisis - caused by the fallouts of an unmanageable pandemic - exposed the limits of multilateralism, undermining international cohesion already struggling over geopolitical rivalries and bursting territorial conflicts. Growing gaps between citizens and governing bodies are threatening the very essence of democracy, the quintessence of people representation, the act of being a citizen. If such struggles arise even within states’ borders, needless to say, building a global citizenship feeling of belonging may prove difficult, requiring exceptional efforts and a strong driver, such as education, leaning on an innovative approach. Peacebuilding through education to global citizenship is one of the pillars of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. In this regard this work is directly relevant to the Sustainable Development Goal 4.7 (Education for sustainable development and global citizenship, and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence), an indicator building a basis for decision-making and institutional frameworks, reflecting on citizen political involvement on a local/global level, leaning on the tryptic pattern of foundation/adaptation/integration. GCED could be one of the strongest peace advancement tools to think globally and act locally, by integrating emotional intelligence, creating a common shared value, tackling climate change and gender equity, as women are often in the frontline of rising challenges. This work will investigate and analyze the paradigms of GCED in peacebuilding using a cross-national analysis within the framework of digital humanities and peace studies research fields. KEYWORDS: peace, education, peacebuilding, digital citizenship, emotional intelligence, critical thinking, global security, 21st century skills, peacetech, innovation, empowerment
Improving Social Capital, A Solution to Manage Water Conflicts
Authors:   Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, Deylami Behavar
Published: December 2021

Abstract Water systems are categorized as coupled human-natural systems. It is argued that extreme events are primarily associated with the natural component of the system, while conflicts are considered as part of the human component of the water systems. Since the system is coupled, both human and natural components interact with each other. For instance, extreme events such as droughts can trigger conflict among societies. What needs to be noted here is that such disturbances in both systems are, to some extent, inevitable. However, by using the proper mechanisms and leverages, they can be alleviated. Enhancing social capital among stakeholders is one of those leverages to reduce the conflicts' likelihood or at least intensity. Social capital reflects people’s collective level of awareness on the issues, their reciprocal relationships, and public participation. In other words, social capital captures three concepts of “Public Justice,” “Public Cohesion,” and “Public Participation.” This paper aims to descriptively analyze the effect of social capital in social conflicts in the context of water systems. The results of this study indicated that social capital is effective in alleviating water conflicts, but requires large and long-term investments. Therefore, it can be used to alleviate conflicts to reduce vulnerability, and achieve development. Keywords: Social capital, Water systems, Conflict, Vulnerability
Making the Soft Power Hard: Nepal’s Internal Ability in Safeguarding National Interest
Authors:   Tribhuvan University, Nepal, Bhandari Pitambar
Published: December 2021

Abstract Soft power is an important instrument of foreign policy and a tool in safeguarding national interests. Under various regimes after the advent of democracy in 1950, Nepal has experienced a turbulent effect of international influence on technology, governance capability, policy transfer, labor migration and climatic affairs. In these contexts, traditional diplomatic effort based on persuasive bargaining requires an interest based practice which is complicated for the countries like Nepal where military power and economy are considered to be public goods rather than strategic base for the expansion of domestic policy making the other countries follow. Nepal creates an exemplary image in coping with the internal and external threats even during the major political transitions in 1950, 1990 and 2006. In all these power sharing mechanisms, the immunity that galvanized internal forces with minimum experience of indirect influence from the neighbouring countries shows that soft power values in Nepal became the major component for managing internal tensions and mitigating external interests. At one hand, the sources of soft power rests on ancient value system and on the other, Nepal celebrates new political system confronting the values earlier regime survived on. Political crisis before 2015 and the natural disaster after it plunged Nepal into a serious threat. During the time of crisis it is need and the value that functions compared to the interest. This paper posits a central question that how soft power became a variant during the war to peace transition from 2006 to the period of implementation of constitution stipulated in 2015 with the result of a stable government. The first part of the paper explores the dimensions of soft power in Nepal- both perceived and practiced- after Jana Aandolan II. The effectiveness of soft power in maintaining the geostrategic importance through a constant coupling of soft power diplomacy adopted and endorsed in Nepal by the external powers and Nepal’s own soft power standpoint will be analyzed in the second part of the paper. The last section of the paper analyzes the challenges for effective implementation of soft power diplomacy in meeting the national interest. Key words: Soft power, geo-strategic importance, national interest
Study On The Situation Between France And The South China Sea From The Perspective Of Balance Of Power Theory
Authors:   University of Nottingham, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China, Chen Zhenyi
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT With the rise of China and the escalation of tension between China and the United States, European countries led by Britain, France and Germany pay increasing attention to the regional situation in the Asia-Pacific (now known as "Indo-Pacific"). Among them, the South China Sea (SCS) is one of the main areas disputed by China, the United States, Southeast Asian countries and some European countries. Western countries are worried that the rise of China's military power will break the stability of the situation in SCS and alter the balance of power among major powers. Therefore, they tried to balance China's rise through alliance. In France's Indo-Pacific strategy, France aims to build a regional order with the alliance of France, India and Australia as the core, and regularly carry out military exercises targeting SCS with the United States, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. This paper aims to study the activities and motivation of France in the South China Sea, and put the situation in SCS under the perspective of Balance of Power Theory, focusing on China, America and France. It will be argued that great powers are carefully maintaining the balance of military power in SCS, and it is highly possible that this trend would still last in the middle and long term, particularly via military deployment and strategic alliances. KEYWORDS: South China Sea, France, China, Balance of Power theory, Indo-Pacific.
The American Perception of the Palestine-Israel Conflict
Authors:   University of Missouri - Kansas City, USA, Daas Israa
Published: December 2021

Abstract The Palestine-Israel conflict is probably one of the most pressing problems in the Middle East. Moreover, the United States has been involved in this conflict since the 1970s. Therefore, the present research aims to learn more about the American perception of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. It was conducted using a survey that addressed Americans from different backgrounds, focusing on four variables: the American government’s position, solutions, the Israeli settlements, and Jerusalem. The research suggests a correlation between political party and the American perception of the conflict. It appears that Republicans seem to be against the withdrawal of the Israeli settlements, and they believe that the US government is not biased toward Israel. Nevertheless, Democrats tend to believe that the US government is biased in favor of Israel, and they support withdrawing the Israeli settlements. Moreover, there might be another correlation between the American perception and the source of information they use to learn about the conflict. Most of the surveyed Americans, whatever their resource of information that they use to learn about the conflict is, tend to believe that the US is biased in favor of Israel. It is crucial to know about the American perception when approaching to a solution to the conflict as the US is a mediator in this conflict, and a powerful country in the world. Especially because it has a permanent membership in the UN council. KEYWORDS: American Perception, Palestine-Israel Conflict, Jerusalem, Israeli settlements
Theory of Institutional Peace and Peacebuilding in Transboundary River Basins
Authors:   Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, Nofeli Reihane , Dehkordi Seyede Simin Mirhashemi , Mianabadi Hojjat
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Social developments have led to prompt the significance of concentrating on peace and the factors influencing it throughout history. In order to analyze this concept, various theories have been proposed in the field of international relations and peace and conflict studies. Institutional peace theory is one of the prominent theories that emphasizes the role of international institutions to achieve meaningful change and cooperation among governments at the international level. Most researchers in the field of environmental challenges in general and water challenges in particular have also based liberal institutionalism in their research at the international level. Attention to the role of institutions in dealing with water conflicts and peacebuilding in transboundary river basins has led to the need to analyze the theory of institutional peace in the management of water conflicts. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to analyze the capacity of institutional peace theory in dealing with water conflicts in transboundary river basins. With this goal in view, while using library resources, the effectiveness of institutional peace theory in the management of water conflicts is analyzed. Based on the analyses, it can be acknowledged that despite the positive effect of water institutions in relieving water conflicts in some river basins, there are significant criticisms of this theory. KEYWORDS: Water Conflicts, Institutional Peace, Transboundary river basins, Institutionalism
UNAMID: A Path Towards Hybrid Peacekeeping?
Authors:   ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute, Portugal, Thó Monteiro Francisco
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT In 2007, the United Nations - African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) was established as the first joint peacekeeping operation (PKO) of the United Nations (UN), with the African Union (AU) in Darfur, Sudan, which became known as the first hybrid PKO, bringing together two of the largest international organizations and taking over AMIS (African Union Mission in Sudan). In this paper, we want to understand the purpose of this bilateral relationship, since this hybrid operation opened a window of opportunity for future operations to adopt this typology. Firstly, the responsibility of managing certain conflicts is distributed among other regional organizations, giving them more autonomy and responsibility. Secondly, the “burden” – human and financial – of the UN is somehow eased. To this end, we will gather and process the data relating to the strengths and weaknesses of this PKO typology, with the help of a SWOT analysis, to find clues and bring evidence to light that demonstrate the possibility of this model being replicated in future situations, while respecting the due differences inherent to each mission and each country and region. We concluded that the hybridization of more PKOs could be a reality, albeit dependent on a greater investment by regional organizations in adapting to UN procedures, namely through diverse types of training. In addition, it will always be necessary a prior and careful analysis regarding the implementation of a PKO of this typology, with a concrete and clear definition of the roles of each organization. KEYWORDS: hybrid peacekeeping; United Nations; peacekeeping operations; UNAMID; African Union.
Sustainable Design through Up-Cycling Crafts in the Mainstream Fashion Industry of India
Authors:   Ekati Designs, India, Chhajlani Avani
Published: December 2021

Abstract Fashion is considered to be the most destructive industry, second only to the oil rigging industry, which has a greater impact on the environment. While fashion today, banks upon fast fashion to generate higher turnover of designs and patterns in apparel and relate accessories, crafts push us towards a more slow and thoughtful approach with culturally identifiably unique work and slow community centred production. Despite this strong link between indigenous crafts and sustainability, it has not been extensively researched and explored upon. In the forthcoming years, the fashion industry will have to re-invent itself to move towards a more holistic and sustainable circular model to balance the harm already caused. And closed loops of the circular economy will help the integration of indigenous craft knowledge which is regenerative. Though sustainability and crafts of a region go hand- in- hand, craft still have to find its standing in the mainstream fashion world; craft practices have a strong local congruence and knowledge that has been passed down generation-to-generation through oration or written materials. This paper aims to explore ways a circular economy can be created by amalgamating fashion and craft while creating a sustainable business model and how this is slowly being created today through brands. KEYWORDS: Circular Economy, Fashion, India, Indigenous Crafts, Slow Fashion, Sustainability, Up-cycling
Sosial kontroll begrenser minoritetsungdommers identitetsutvikling i majoritetsfosterhjem
Authors: Hansen Tina
Published: December 2021

I denne artikkelen diskuteres identitetsutvikling hos minoritetsungdom som bor i majoritetsfosterhjem, et lite utforsket tema i nordisk fosterhjemsforskning. Mer spesifikt undersøkes: Hvilke utfordringer erfarer minoritetsungdom med muslimsk bakgrunn når de utvikler sin identitet i ikke-muslimske majoritetsfosterhjem? Hvordan håndterer de utfordringene? Artikkelen bygger på kvalitative intervju med ni ungdommer med muslimsk minoritetsbakgrunn som bor i ikke-muslimske majoritetsfosterhjem. Materialet er analysert ved hjelp av en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk meningsfortetning. Analysen viser at ungdommene i fosterhjemskonteksten utsettes for sosial kontroll av fosterforeldre, biologisk familie, muslimske venner og medlemmer av muslimsk gruppe. Kontrollen fører til at ungdommenes handlingsrom begrenses når de skal utvikle sin identitet. Ungdommene responderer på kontrollen ved å utarbeide tre strategier for å endre eget handlingsrom: De utøver informasjonskontroll, hvor de begrenser hvilken informasjon de gir til hvem, tilbaketrekning fra aktører som utsetter dem for sosial kontroll, og søker støtte hos aktører som ikke utøver sosial kontroll. Slik får ungdommene et tykkere aktørskap når de utvikler sin identitet.
English abstract
Social control limits the identity development of minority youth in majority foster homes
In this article, I discuss identity development among Norwegian minority youth living in majority foster homes, a little researched topic in Nordic foster home research. The main questions to be addressed are: Which challenges do minority youth with Muslim background experience as they develop their identity in non-Muslim majority foster homes? How do they handle these challenges? The article is based on qualitative interviews with nine young people with a Muslim minority background who live in non-Muslim majority foster homes. The material is analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. My analysis suggests that the youth are exposed to social control by foster parents, biological families, Muslim friends, and members of religious groups. The control means that the young people’s room for manoeuvre when developing their identity is limited. The young people respond to the control by developing three strategies that may alter their room for manoeuvring: Information control, where they limit what information they provide to whom, withdrawal from people who subject them to social control, and seeking support from actors who do not exercise social control. In this way, the youth get a thicker agency when they develop their identity.
Barns stemme ved samlivsbrudd: En kvantitativ studie av barns meninger om egen livssituasjon etter samlivsbrudd
Authors: Sunde Dina Helene , Larsen Linda , Sand Helland Maren
Published: December 2021

Barn anerkjennes i økende grad som kompetente og meningsbærende aktører med rett til å bli hørt. Studiens formål var å identifisere mønstre for barns meninger om konkrete aspekter ved egen livssituasjon etter foreldres samlivsbrudd, samt å belyse i hvilken grad kjennetegn ved barnet, familien og foreldrekonflikt predikerer hvorvidt barna har dannet seg klare meninger om disse aspektene. Problemstillingene undersøkes med prinsipal komponentanalyse og regresjonsanalyser benyttet på selv-rapport-data fra 503 barn (7–15 år) som deltar i FamilieForSK-studien. Resultatene viser at barn generelt har klare meninger om mange aspekter ved egen livssituasjon etter foreldres samlivsbrudd. Temaer som kontinuitet og åpenhet fremstår som mest betydningsfulle. Barnas opplevelse av foreldrekonflikt hang i liten grad sammen med om barna hadde klare meninger om egen livssituasjon etter foreldres samlivsbrudd. Alder og andre egenskaper ved barnet og familien syntes å ha større betydning.
English abstract
Children’s voices when parents break up: A quantitative study of children’s opinions about their livingsituation after parental break-up
Children are increasingly acknowledged as competent actors with their own opinions and rights to be heard. This study aims to identify emerging patterns in children’s opinions about different aspects of their living situation after parental break-up. Further, it aims to shed light on the extent to which characteristics of the child, family and parental conflict, respectively, predicts whether children express clear opinions about these different aspects. A total of 503 children (7–15 years) participated, and principal component analysis and regression analysis was used to address the research questions. Results show that children generally have clear opinions on many aspects of their living situation after parental break-up. Topics like stability and openness appears to be the most important. Children’s experience of parental conflict had little to do with whether children had clear opinions about their living situation after parental break-up. Age and other characteristics of the child and the family seemed to have greater significance.
”När mor och far ska ha ledigt” – De kommersiella barnpensionatens annonser under åren 1915–1972
Authors: Sjöberg Johanna
Published: December 2021

I 1900-talets Sverige kunde föräldrar, mot betalning, ordna barntillsyn genom att inackordera barnen på privata kommersiella barnpensionat. Studien undersöker hur marknadsföringen av barnpensionaten såg ut och hur den konstruerade barn och föräldrar som konsumenter. Utifrån analys av 689 annonser publicerade i svensk dagspress mellan åren 1915 och 1972 visar studien att 122 barnpensionat utannonserade barnpensionatsverksamhet och att de främst riktade sig till en välbärgad föräldramålgrupp. Granskningen ger inblick i annonsargumentation om att barn kunde inackorderas under ”längre eller kortare tid” medan föräldrarna skulle göra annat, tillexempel resa bort. Professionalitet och barnpensionatsvistelsens hälsosamma och stärkande aspekter var återkommande beskrivningar av den goda kvalitet som erbjöds. Tidigt fanns en barnorienterad retorik där aktiviteter som barn själva skulle kunna tycka var roliga nämns, men annonstilltalet riktades enbart till vuxna. Annonseringen positionerar barn som en handelsvara som det sker pengatransaktioner kring, vilket låter studien problematisera föreställningen om det känslomässigt ovärderliga barnet inom 1900-talets konsumtionskultur.
English abstract
The ads of Swedish commercial “barnpensionat”, 1915–1972
During the 20th century parents in Sweden were offered full-board accommodation childcare at private commercial enterprises, known as barnpensionat. This study examines 689 advertisements published by 122 barnpensionat in Swedish daily press between 1915 and 1972. Focus is on how children and parents were addressed and constructed as consumers in and through the advertisements. Analysis shows that well-to-do parents were the main central target group and that children could be cared for longer or shorter periods of time while the parents did other things, for example travelled. Professionalism, and healthy strengthening aspects of children’s stays at the barnpensionat were recurrently highlighted. Early on there was a child-oriented rhetoric, activities that children themselves might think were fun were mentioned. Yet, the advertisements positioned children, not as consumers but as commodities that money transactions took place around. Hereby the study problematizes how children historically have been made part of consumer culture.
Mulighetsrom for de yngste barna til deltakelse, lekende dynamikk og samspill i et fellesskap
Authors: Winje Annette Kristoffersen , Halland Sissel Janette Aastvedt
Published: December 2021

Med dette essayet ønsker vi å løfte frem nye perspektiver knyttet til hvordan nærvær og fravær av sekundære intersubjektive fellesskap kan påvirke de yngste barnas opplevelser av deltakelse i barnehagehverdagen. Vi knytter sekundære intersubjektive fellesskap til Hans Skjervheims (1996) og Solveig Østrems (2008; 2012) forståelse av en treleddet relasjon. Å se barn er noe annet enn å se sammen med barn, og i dette essayet forsøker vi derfor å bidra med ny kunnskap knyttet til de yngste barnas deltakelse i barnehagens fellesskap.
English abstract
Opportunities for the youngest children to participate, play dynamics and interaction in a community
In this essay we seek to highlight new perspectives related to how the presence and absence of secondary intersubjective communities can affect the youngest children’s experiences of participation in everyday kindergarten. We link secondary intersubjective communities to Hans Skjervheim’s (1996) and Solveig Østrems (2008, 2012) understanding of a three-way relationship. Seeing children is something different than seeing with children, and this essay we therefore try to contribute new knowledge related to the youngest children’s participation in the kindergarten community.
Mimari Bir Öge Olarak Balkon
Authors: ERBAY Muteber
Published: December 2021

Mimari bir öge olarak balkon tarih boyunca yapının zorunlu bir parçası olarak görülmemiş, istek ve ihtiyaç doğrultusunda yapılan çıkıntılar olarak tasarlanmışlardır. Geleneksel konutlarda cumbadan evrilen balkonlar; açık, yarı kapalı, gömme ya da sonradan camla kapatılmış olsalar dahi bahçeli evde yaşamayanlar için dış mekân ihtiyaçlarının ve işlevlerinin karşılandığı iç-dış arası bir ara mekân olmuşlardır. İşlevsel olarak tasarlanan balkonlar zaman içinde yapının estetiğine katkı sunan bir yapı bileşenine, günümüzde ise anlamsal değerler taşıyan bir ögeye dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışma; balkonun mimaride ortaya çıkışı, işlevsel ve estetik kullanımlarının yanı sıra 2020 yılının ilk ayından itibaren tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 salgını ile başlayan pandemi sürecinde üstlendiği anlamsal değerler üzerinden bir çıkarım yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda balkonun tarih süreci içerisinde mimarlık ile olan ilişkisi irdelenmiş, daha sonra mimarlıkta balkon kullanımı işlevsel, estetik ve pandemi başlıkları altında örnekleri ile açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç değerlendirmesinde ise işlevsel özelliklerinin hangi eylemlerle sağlandığı, estetik amaçlı kullanımının mimarideki etkileri ve pandemi dönemindeki anlamsal değeri tartışılmıştır.
Teknoloji Yönetimi: Almanya, Japonya ve Türkiye Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ULUTAŞ Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Araştırma karşılaştırmalı olarak, Almanya, Japonya ve Türkiye’nin eğitim sistemlerinde teknolojiye yapılan yatırımlarıyla teknolojiyi kullanmadaki durumlarını ortaya koymak ve konu ile ilgili mevcut durumlarını irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden belge tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Almanya, Japonya ve Türkiye ülkeleri oluşturmaktadır. Ülkelerle ilgili veriler, OECD, STAT, TUİK ve WIPO istatistiklerinden alınmıştır. Çalışma bu verilerle sınırlıdır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde, istatistiksel olarak sayısal değerlere, yüzdeliklere bakılmıştır. İlgili değerler belirtilen ülkeler arasında karşılaştırılmıştır. Türkiye’nin diğer gelişmiş ülkelere göre uzaktan eğitim ve bilgisayar destekli eğitim gibi teknolojinin etkilerinin üst düzeyde olduğu eğitim uygulamalarında gerilerde olduğu, AR-GE harcamaları ele alındığında Almanya ve Japonya’nın harcama tutarları Türkiye’ye oranla oldukça yüksek olduğu gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmış ve Türkiye’de eğitimin, teknolojiyle iç içe entegre edilerek, mevcut sorunların giderilmesine çalışılması, bilim ve teknolojiye gerekli önemin verilmesi gibi önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Role Perceptions of Public Relations Practitioners: Kyrgyzstan Sample
Authors: ARTYSHEVA Meerim , YURDİGÜL Aslı
Published: December 2021

: In order to determine the condition of the public relations sector in a particular country, it is important to define the role perception public relations practitioner. Studies aimed at roles in public relations started in 1978, when the first research was conducted by Broom and Smith. As a result of this study, 5 fundamental roles of practitioners were identified. In Kyrgyzstan, public relations field began to develop after the 90s with the acquisition of independence.. This study presents the results of a research aimed at identifying the fundamental roles of public relations practitioners in Kyrgyzstan. This study based on the work of Broom and Smith. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 public relations practitioners to determipublic relations rolesne which basic roles they fulfilled. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the public relations practitioners in Kyrgyzstan play 4 roles among 5 basic roles and more technician roles than the manager role categories.
RELEVÂNCIA DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Ribeiro Yasmin Pacheco , Silva Jennyfer de Fátima Aryadne , Spinelli Dayane Azevedo , Soares Anna Paula Maia , Muniz Mariana Pinheiro , Barbosa Amanda da Silva , Silva Andréa Mendes , Machado Ingrid Ellen Lima , Borges Bárbara Lima , Ribeiro Nelson Antonio Bailão
Published: December 2021

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre os eixos norteadores e as implicações da Estratégia Saúde da Família na saúde pública do Brasil esclarecendo até que ponto o programa reduziu as desigualdades no acesso aos cuidados de saúde no país. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa baseada na coleta de dados por meio de levantamento bibliográfico. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, utilizando os descritores: Atenção Primária à Saúde / Primary Health Care / Atención Primaria de Salud, Estratégia Saúde da Família / Family Health Strategy / Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, Saúde Pública / Public Health / Salud Pública. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Dentre os achados na literatura a respeito das implicações da Estratégia Saúde da Família na saúde pública do Brasil, destacaram-se aspectos a respeito do aumento na disponibilidade e acesso aos serviços de saúde, influenciando em melhores indicadores de saúde, como redução da mortalidade infantil, hospitalização evitável, mortalidade por doenças cerebrovasculares e cardiovasculares, maior equidade, mais acesso e continuidade do cuidado. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: As implicações positivas do programa quanto ao acesso da comunidade à rede de saúde resultaram na redução significativa das desigualdades nacionais referentes ao acesso à saúde.