bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Program Expenditure on Developmental Outcomes of Children in Out-of-Home Care: Evidence from Administration-Level Data
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Woo Seokjin , Kang Hyunah , Nho Choong Rai , Chun JongSerl , Chung Ick-Joong
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the effect of program expenditure on developmental outcomes of the children in out-of-home care, aged 10-13. Past studies on the efficacy of programs in out-of-home care report that programs implemented in out-of-home care tend to improve psychological and emotional development of the children. However, it is rarely studied how the expenditure amount of program, which represents the quantity and quality of program, affects the developmental outcomes. That is partially because the data which merges the cost information of program and the developmental outcomes.
In order to estimate the effect of program expenditure on the developmental outcomes, we collected the cost information for program implementation using the administration-level data from group-homes and institutional facilities. We merged the cost data with the Panel Study on Korean Children in Out-of-home Care, PSKSCC). Specifically, we surveyed the accounting staffs at group-homes and institutional care facilities on how much they spent on program implementation. We asked them to answer the detailed questionnaire referring to the official cost information reported to the governments. we checked whether the sums of cost data were equal or close to the official administration data. If missed, we imputed the cost information with the administration data which lacks detail. We merged the information with the developmental outcome data of the children from the PSKSCC 2014 and 2015, who lived in the facilities we surveyed.
The results from cross-sectional multivariate regression analysis show that the children who lived in the facility which spent more on program are likely to have better developmental outcomes. More specifically they had better social support, life satisfaction, performance satisfaction, parent attachment, and care for others in the dimension of positive outcomes. In addition, more program expenditure tended to lower drinking and smoking experiences of the children.
A Study on the Financial Accounting of German National Pension: Focusing on System, Objectives, and Indicators
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Min Kichae
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive implications for the Korean National Pension System through reviewing the financial calculation system, financial objectives, and financial indicators of the German National Pension System. For this purpose, we explain the development process of the public pension system related to the financial calculation, the institutional characteristics(coverage, finance, benefit) and reform trends related to the calculation of national pension finances in order to understand the financial calculation of the German national pension. Next, we will examine the financial calculation system, financial objectives, and financial indicators of the German National Pension in detail, and give implications for the Korean National Pension System.
The main implications of this study are clear agreement on financing method, clear financial goal setting, specific goal setting of major financial indicators to achieve financial goal (contribution rate ceiling, income replacement rate lower limit system, 0.2-1.5 times of monthly pension expenditure), tax subsidy of 25% of the total income, a clear accounting system such as goal, subject and calculation cycle, estimation period, and report verification, various administrative agencies. In particular, it should be noted that the major financial indicators for assessing the achievement of financial objectives in Germany are clearly presented as the contribution rate, the benefit level, and the level of the fund.
Germany, which introduced the public pension system of social insurance scheme for the first time, has successfully implemented the financial calculation system for the long-term sustainability of the public pension. Over the course of more than 100 years after the introduction of the pension system, financial methods experiencing the crises such as the World War and the economic downturn (inflation) were transformed and financial objectives were clearly set in the face of low fertility and aging, unification of East and West Germany and frequent economic crises. In the case of Germany, where the Korean National Pension System has been encountered before and will be faced various economic and social crises in the future, their systematic financial calculation system and establishment of clear financial objectives have many implications for the financial calculation system in the Korean National Pension System. If the implications for the German case are reflected in the fourth financial accounting system of National Pension in 2018, it will be a more sustainable and trustworthy system.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen
Authors: Yuliyanah
Published: April 2019

AbstrakManajemen informasi yaitu seluruh aktivasi untuk memperoleh informasi menggunakan nya seefektif mungkin dan membuangnya pada saat yang tepat.
Resume materi sistem informasi manajemen
Authors: Fadillah Arif
Published: April 2019

Sistem informasi manajemen adalah sistem perencanaan bagian dari pengendalian internal suatu bisnis yang meliputi pemanfaatan manusia, dokumen, teknologi, dan prosedur oleh akuntansi manajemen untuk memecahkan masalah bisnis seperti biaya produk, layanan atau suatu strategi bisnis. Disni ada tugas seorang manajer yaitu mengelola sumber daya agar dapat digunakan secara efektif untuk mengontrol biaya, data dan mengelola sumber daya. Adapun tugas seorang direktur yaitu mengetahui sistem yang ada di manajer dari direktur dan memberi kebijakan dari direktur, seperti memberi persetujuan izin dari direktur.
Sistem Informasi Management
Authors: Alzedan Rizki Meigusti
Published: April 2019

Sistem Informasi (SI) adalah kombinasi dari teknologi informasi dan aktivitas orang yang menggunakan teknologi itu untuk mendukung operasi dan manajemen. Dalam arti yang sangat luas, istilah sistem informasi yang sering digunakan merujuk kepada interaksi antara orang, proses algoritmik, data, dan teknologi.
69 Tahun HMI Meng-Islam dan Meng-Indonesia
Authors: Rusdiyanto
Published: April 2019

Waktu itu, Di seleruh penjuru dunia umat Islam masih diliputi suasana bahagia memperingati kelahiran manusia teladan sepanjang Masa. Muhammad ibn Abdullah. Di Yogyakarta, Sultan baru saja menyelenggarakan skatenan untuk seluruh masyarakat, ritual budaya tahunan yang dipungkasi dengan Grebek Mulud. Di hitung dari proklamasi kemerdekaan, sampai dengan hari itu Indonesia baru berusia 18 bulan 5 hari, dimana Belanda masih menjadi ancaman yang mengharuskan segenap bangsa Indonesia berjuang mempertahankan kemerdekaan yang baru saja diraih.
Apišumarstvo – pčelarstvo i šumarstvo
Authors: Franić Zdenko
Published: April 2019

U radu je kroz pregled znanstvene i stručne literature prikazana povijest interakcije pčelarstva i šumarstva (apišumarstva) u Hrvatskoj. Sistematizirane su najvažnije preporuke i zaključci. Gotovo svi autori kao preduvjet naprednog pčelarenja i umanjivanja negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena na pčele preporučuju sadnju medonosnog bilja bogatog nektarom i peludom. Prilikom obnove i sadnje šuma od medonosnog drveća posebice se preporučuje sadnja bagrema, lipe i kestena. Korist od pčela vezana uz oprašivanje i održavanje bioraznolikosti, a koja je na razini EU procijenjena na oko 1280 € po pčelinjoj zajednici, višestruko nadmašuje neposrednu korist od meda i ostalih pčelinjih proizvoda. U Hrvatskoj apišumarstvo, posebice u kestenovim šumama, pruža priliku za razvoj inovativnih aktivnosti i usluga koje se zasnivaju na pčelarstvu. Primjer jest apiterapija kao zdravstveni segment pčelarskog turizma. Problematika apišumarstva i dalje treba biti predmet multidisciplinarnih istraživanja, a koordinaciju i suradnju između sektora šumarstva i pčelarstva treba neprestano poboljšavati.
ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE DENSITY OF INFILTRATION IN PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE MAMMARY GLAND BY TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES AND POSTOPERATIVE PROGNOSIS
Authors: Aikian A.Z. , Shynkevych V.I. , Kaidashev I.P.
Published: April 2019

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) of the M2-type dominate in tumors and produce molecules, favorable for their growth, stimulating tumor growth. However, changing the M2-type for M1 can slow down or arrest this growth. For realization of the M1 / M2 modulation direction in the treatment of carcinoma / breast cancer (BC), a substantiated diagnosis and confirmation of the TAM negative prognosis is necessary. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the relation of tumor associated macrophages to the postoperative prognosis / survival of patients with 5 molecular-biological types of breast carcinoma. Materials of the study were intraoperative tissues of tumors and ipsilateral lymph nodes in radically removed mammary glands. Pathomorphological study of lymph nodes was conducted to clarify the diagnosis in relation to N0/1. The density of TAM infiltration was determined by immunohistochemical staining of CD68 and CD163 in 30 samples of five molecular biological types of breast cancer (three clinical cases of each type). Immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for the determination of TAM and M2-like macrophages were conducted using streptavidin-peroxidase method. The quantitative representation of CD68 + and CD163 + Mph is very different from patient to patient and also within one sample, which depends, in particular, on the morphological characteristics of breast cancer, studied by the biopsy. The density of infiltration by CD163 + macrophages of the BC focus negatively correlated with postoperative survival, which did not reach statistical significance, but is included in the general concept of a negative prognosis of infiltration by M2-like macrophages. Further research is needed to confirm the negative significance of the ТАМ infiltration density in the BC primary focus for postoperative prognosis. Promising is the development of differential diagnosis and approach to the treatment of breast cancer, taking into account the levels of its infiltration by subpopulations of TAM.
Registration of ‘Goldenhart’, a Two‐Rowed Spring Food Barley
Authors: Hu G. , Evans C. P. , Satterfield K. , Ellberg S. , Marshall J. M. , Schroeder K. , Obert D. E.
Published: April 2019

‘Goldenhart’ (Reg. No. CV‐368, PI 688445) is a two‐rowed spring hull‐less food barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the USDA‐ARS, Aberdeen, ID, in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, and released in 2017. Goldenhart is derived from the cross of 02HR 4590/‘CDC Fibar’ and was advanced through modified bulk pedigree F1– F5. Goldenhart was tested at the USDA‐ARS, and all other cooperative trials, as line 2Ab09‐X06F058HL‐31. Goldenhart was tested over 40 location years and has shown better yield under irrigated conditions than ‘CDC Alamo’ and ‘Transit’ and better yield in dryland areas than all the current two‐rowed spring hull‐less food barley cultivars, ‘Julie’, Transit, and CDC Alamo. Moreover, Goldenhart has shown significantly higher yields than Transit, the barley check with similar β‐glucan concentration, in both irrigated and dryland conditions. Goldenhart will be a good hull‐less cultivar and a better alternative than Transit in the food barley production market.
CURRENT SITUATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN SENEGAL
Authors: FAYE Cheikh , GOMIS Eddy , DIEYE Sidy
Published: April 2019

Water is essential for human life, the socio-economic improvement of the state and the protection of its natural environment. Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential, most of whose surface water reserves are located in the basins of the Senegal and Gambia rivers and in groundwater. Unfortunately, water resources can be threatened by anthropogenic actions of various origins and by the adverse effects of climate change. This article aims to analyze the current state of water resources, water problems and prospects for the sustainable development of water resources in Senegal. Information is collected from secondary sources and available statistics (books and the Internet). The results show the importance of Senegal's water resources potential (in terms of surface and groundwater), water resources that are often severely deteriorated due to pollution, agricultural activities and the rised water demand from the population. This degradation is likely to worsen with population growth, development and climate change. For example, the Senegalese government has been conducting a water control policy for several decades aimed at providing the various sectors with water in sufficient quantity and of appropriate quality according to custom to accelerate development balanced. There are several policies and actions for the formulation of rules and regulations on the general use of water. To be in line with the sustainable development goals (SDG), including SDG 6, Senegal is committed to the sustainable management of water resources to ensure universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all population by 2030.
PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION FOR INCREASED INTRACELLULAR INULINASE ACTIVITY OF A YEAST STRAIN
Authors: Kabaivanova Lyudmila , Goushterova Adriana , Brazkova Mariya , Grozdanov Petar , Chorukova Elena , Krastanov Albert
Published: April 2019

This study reveals the selection of a yeast strain, possessing inulinase activity and finding the optimal conditions of cultivation. Intra- and extracellular activity assay was performed after cultivation on media, containing inulin as a sole source of carbon. Optimization of the cultivation conditions was carried out for establishing the favorable conditions for biosynthesis of inulinase. Modifying the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of a cultivation process lead to major improvement of the enzyme activity. Highest intra- and extracellular inulinase activity was registered when 1.5% inulin was used, 5 % inoculum, temperature 28°C, pH=6.5 and agitation of 200rpm. The selected strain Kluyveromyces sp. C showed higher values for the intracellular inulinase activity, making it suitable for immobilization and further use.
Key words: Kluyveromyces sp., inulinase activity, parameters optimization
Gustav Mie's longitudinal electrical field lines and superluminal signals and longitudinal waves
Authors: Enders Peter
Published: April 2019

In his textbook, Gustav Mie states, that the radiation field consists solely of transverse electrical field lines, which are closed. The longitudinal field lines goes without interruption from the positive to the negative charges; they cannot be expelled. This raises the question about the speed of propagation along them. For this, a mathematical description of Mie’s field lines is developed (the Helmholtz-transverse and longitudinal components of [Formula: see text] are non-local auxiliary quantities and thus not suitable for that). On the other hand, Mie also states, that the propagation of electromagnetic fields is governed by Maxwell’s equations and Poynting’s theorem. Here, however, there is a single wave equation for all vector components of the electrical field. In this contribution, a minimum modification of Maxwell’s equations is proposed, which yields both, an instantaneous Coulomb field and longitudinal electrical radiation.
Tunneling confronts special relativity
Authors: Nimtz Günter
Published: April 2019

Superluminal signal velocity is widely assumed to confront Einstein causality and thus the Special Theory of Relativity (STR). Actually, there is only the tunneling mechanism known to permit superluminal signal velocities at present. The demonstrated negative group velocity experiments don't represent superluminal signal velocities. In those experiments only the signal's peak traveled faster than light and the signal was reshaped. In this Note we shall discuss why tunneling allows superluminal signal velocities. However, opposed to text books on STR we have shown that a superluminal signal beam does not allow the design of a time machine.
From Fermat principle to the Lobačevskii-Fok space in particle physics
Authors: Pardy Miroslav
Published: April 2019

The Poincaré model of the Lobačevskii geometry is derived from the Fermat principle. The Lobačevskii geometry is interpreted as the Lobačevskii-Fok velocity space geometry of moving particles. The relation of this geometry to the decay of the neutral pi-meson is considered. The generalization of the Lobačevskii geometry is performed and the new angle of parallelism is derived. The light confined circularly in the optical medium is defined as the optical black hole. The existence of the centrifugal force acting on the photon is discussed.
Impacts of mobility patterns on mobile IP handoff in wireless LANs
Authors: Zhou Ting , Ci Song , Sharif Hamid
Published: April 2019

Mobile IP has been adopted to provide seamless services to mobile nodes. Currently, there are many mobile IP handoff schemes proposed at different layers of the network protocol stack. However, the handoff performance under different mobility patterns in terms of velocity and path has been largely ignored by the current research work. In this paper, we present our study of the mobility pattern's impact on the performance of mobile IP handoff by theoretical analysis as well as NS-2 simulations, where both deterministic and hybrid models for mobility patterns have been adopted. Our results show that the performance of mobile IP handoff schemes is directly impacted by the mobility patterns. Moreover, the cross-layer handoff schemes outperform other mobile IP handoff schemes under different mobility patterns. We conclude that the routing update delay is one of main performance bottlenecks in mobile IP handoff. So we propose a new solution to reduce the routing update delay by considering the behaviors at the lower layers such as the link layer. Furthermore, our study also presents a platform for efficient network design due to the fact that the routing update delay is tightly coupled with the deployment of access points.
Extension and use of KMRCRelat algorithm for biological problems
Authors: El Zant El Kadhi Nahla , El Kadhi Nabil , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine
Published: April 2019

The main goal of this paper is to present a new extension of KMRCRelat algorithm allowing Word Train searches. First, we recall the fundamental lemma of our KMRCRelat algorithm and we focus on the concept of flexible relational repeated words. Then, we introduce the concept of Word Trains and we show, in deep, the needed modification and extension to include such features in this algorithm. To illustrate Word Train searches, we present all details about KMRCRelat extension computation steps. We also show how this new extension is applicable to the characterization of short tandem repeat in DNA sequence providing an alternative way to solve originally this known problem in sequence analysis. Before concluding by introducing other possible KMRCRelat applications, the paper expands a set of experimental results obtained when applied to locus identification problem.
Smart support functions for sequential pattern mining
Authors: Che Dunren , Zheng Wei
Published: April 2019

In real applications, transaction data typically contain quantitative attributes. Existing approaches and algorithms proposed for sequential pattern mining such as AprioriAll often assume Boolean attributes (i.e., quantitative values are simply interpreted/transformed as Boolean values). This article addresses the impact of varied quantitative attributes in sequential pattern mining. More specifically, we define alternate smart support functions for computing the support measure of candidate sequential patterns. A noticeable advantage of this work is that the proposed smart support functions can be smoothly integrated into the framework of existing sequential pattern mining algorithms. In the discussion of this article, we assume adoption of the well-known AprioriAll algorithm and discuss the incorporation of the proposed smart support functions into this framework. The expected mining results are believed better reflecting the particular interests of different user groups and thus are more satisfactory to the intended users.
Performance tuning policies for application level fault tolerance in distributed object systems
Authors: Soldatos Theodoros , Iakovidou Nantia
Published: April 2019

In distributed object systems, application level fault tolerance is often attained by appropriate object replication policies. These policies aim at increasing the exhibited service availability by masking potential faults that do not recur after recovery. Existing middleware support infrastructures allow customizing object replication properties. However, since fault tolerance has a significant impact in the perceived service performance, there is a need for a suitable quantitative design technique, which allows comparing different replication policies by trading off the caused overhead cost against the achieved fault-tolerance effectiveness. We are also interested in taking into account different concerns in a combined manner (e.g. fault tolerance combined with load balancing and multithreading). This paper presents experimental evidence for the most important performance tradeoffs revealed in a simulation-based study. We considered different cases of object request loss behavior for the faulty objects, as well as, a number of request-retry strategies. The experiments took place in two different application workload levels for varied fault detection settings. We provide results for the combined effects of the studied replication policies with two specific load-balancing strategies. The presented results constitute a valuable experience report for performance tuning object replication policies for application level fault tolerance.
Implementing digital folklore collections
Authors: Lourdi Irene , Nikolaidou Mara , Papatheodorou Christos
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a metadata model is analyzed to describe the digitized digital folklore collection of the Department of Greek Studies in the University of Athens. Folklore collection consists of different kinds of digitized material and requires a specialized data schema to describe its peculiarities. The collection big size and material variety results in representing the collection as a hierarchical structure, according to the type of objects, the corresponding chronological period and geographic region. The main goal is to preserve and popularize to all kinds of users the precious information regarding cultural collection data. For this purpose a metadata model is developed that enables efficient navigation to the notebooks sub-collection, as well as meaningful information retrieval to the collection objects.
WaterMed: A watermarking method for medical digital images
Authors: Karoui Syrine , El Kadhi Nabil
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we present a technique about digital documents protection, known under the term watermarking. The main idea is to illustrate a new and useful application of watermarking technique in medical field. We mainly focus on mammography images and diagnosis. In fact, mammography analysis necessitates more than one diagnosis. Experts are in general a bit influenced by any colleague point of view. Our WaterMed solution is used to insert a diagnosis in a digital mammography in order to protect both the diagnosis and the mammography. We particularly focus on printing and scanning effects protection due to the fact that medical images are exposed to such processes.
Response of magnetostrictive smart structures to sinusoidal and step force inputs
Authors: Aljahdali Sultan , Hyder Syed J.
Published: April 2019

Constitutive equations of magnetostrictive smart materials involving mechanical and magnetic fields are presented via Hamilton's principle. Finite element equations are used to solve the equations of motion subjected to different force inputs. Magnetostrictive (CoFe2O4) layers mounted on the root of cantilever beam is considered as the case study to obtain the displacement and magnetic response both in the X and Y directions when subjected to sinusoidal and step force inputs. Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) technique is also employed to obtain the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of displacement and magnetic responses in both X and Y directions.
Aplicación Seis Sigma, a los procesos productivos, para optimizar la materia orgánica desperdiciada
Authors: Castelo Rivas Ángel Fredy , Perez Campdesuñer Reyner , Alarcon Tobanda Piedad Elizabeth , Castelo Rivas Walter Patricio
Published: April 2019

La investigación realiza una propuesta de mejora del proceso productivo de la Empresa Frimaca orientada a disminuir las mermas que se originan en este y que por lo general alcanzan valores superiores a los establecidos para el mismo. Con este fin se aplicó la metodología Seis Sigma a la cual como aspecto relevante y novedoso se le incorporó en la fase de diseño y selección de la mejora la aplicación de los indicadores de evaluación de las inversiones como herramienta de evaluación de las propuestas de mejora. Como resultado de aplicación de la metodología se diseñaron dos procesos de mejora que deben contribuir a una mejora del rendimiento financiero de la entidad.
Biodegradable Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Parveen Israt , Iqbal Mahmud Md. , A. Khan Ruhul
Published: April 2019

Biodegradable polymers as biomaterial are hotcake nowadays especially in medical and pharmaceutical applications. The present contribution comprises an overview of the biodegradable polymers for various biomedical applications. To meet the need of modern medicine, their physical, chemical, functional, biomechanical are highlighted as well as biodegradation properties like non-toxicity, low antigenicity, high bio-activity etc. This review summarizes the emerging and innovative field of biopolymer with the focus on tissue engineering, temporary implants, wound healing, and drug delivery applications etc.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Aktivator EM4 dan Aktivator MOL Tape Singkong Dalam Pembuatan Kompos Dari Sampah Pasar (Organik) Di Nagari Kototinggi Kecamatam Gunuang Omeh Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota Tahun 2017
Authors: Novela Vina
Published: April 2019

Kompos merupakan hasil fermentasi atau dekomposisi bahan-bahan organik seperti tanaman, hewan atau limbah organik lainya. Di pasar Koto tinggi pedagang buah-buahan menyatakan rata-rata sayur yang mulai membusuk dan tidak terjual lebih kurang 8 kg dan buah-buahan 7 kg setiap kali perdagangan berlangsung. Penelitian ini adalah eksperiment dengan rancangan posttest dengan kelompok kontrol (posttest only control group design) dengan uji T-Test Independent pada bulan Agustus-September 2017. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah sampah pasar (organik). Kelompok eksperimen pertama menggunakan EM4, kelompok eksperimen kedua menggunakan MOL tape singkong dan kelompok eksperiment 3 tanpa menggunakan aktivator atau kelompok kontrol dengan 3 kali pengulangan untuk 1 kelompok eksperimen. Hasil penelitian bahwa Kualitas fisik kompos  menggunakan aktivator EM4 adalah warna akhir hitam, berbau tanah, suhu 32,690C, pH 6,608, kualitas kimia kompos EM4 rasio C/N 6,31, kadar N 3,66%, P 2,20% , K 2,45% serta waktu matangnya kompos 8,67 hari. Kualitas fisik kompos menggunakan aktivator MOL tape singkong adalah warna hitam, berbau tanah, suhu 34,720C, pH 6,019, kualitas kimia kompos Mol Tape Singkong rasio C/N 6,38, kadar N 3,41%, P 2,33%, K 2,23% serta waktu matangnya kompos 10,67 hari. Kesimpulan penelitian ada perbedaan efektivitas aktivator EM4 dan MOL tape singkong dilihat dari lama waktu pengomposan, kualitas fisik kompos (bau, warna, suhu dan pH) serta kualitas kimia kompos ( nitrogen (N), phosfor (P2O5), kallium (K2O) dan rasio C/N). Disarankan kepada masyarakat agar mengelola sampah terutama sampah organik dengan cara pembuatan kompos dengan menggunakan MOL tape singkong.
Harp Kazançları Vergisi’nde Muafiyet Durumu ve Uygulaması
Authors: Bostancı Emir
Published: April 2019

Tarihteki diğer savaşlarda olduğu gibi getirdiği ekonomik yıkımla beraber 1. Dünya Savaşı da (hatta büyüklüğü ile doğru orantılı olarak daha fazla sayıda insana) ekonomik fırsatlar sunmuş ve olağanüstü kazançlar elde edilmesini sağlamıştır. Birçok ülke gibi Osmanlı Devleti, Ankara Hükümeti ve daha sonraki yeni Türk Devleti buna karşı aldıkları kararlar ile bu savaş zamanı kazançlarını vergilendirmeye çalışmışlardır. Böylece tek seferde alınan Harp Kazançları Vergisi ortaya çıkmıştır.Bu verginin önemli bir vechesi muafiyet uygulaması olmuştur. Diğer birçok vergide olduğu gibi bu vergide de bazı durumlarda hem yerli hem yabancı devlet tebaası olan şirketlere, kişilere veya bölgelere gerekli görüldüğü takdirde muafiyet uygulanmıştır. Bu uygulama Lozan Anlaşması’nın öncesi ve sonrasında olduğu gibi zamana ve koşullara göre farklılık göstermiştir.
6/7 Eylül Olaylarına TBMM ve Kamuoyu Tartışmaları Çerçevesinde Yeni Bir Bakış
Authors: Zorbay Taner
Published: April 2019

Demokrat Parti (DP) iktidarı döneminde yaşanan 6/7 Eylül Olayları basit bir dış politika meselesinden fazlasını teşkil etmektedir. Bu olayları, yine salt Gayrimüslimlere karşı ve dinî temelli bir saldırı olarak açıklamak ise ancak olayların bir boyutunu görmek olacaktır. Bu bağlamda önce olayların arka planına bakılmış, sebepler incelenmiştir. Ardından olayların başlaması, gelişimi ve sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Bilahare, olayların hem TBMM müzakerelerine, hem de basın ve kamuoyuna yansımaları tekrar hatırlanmıştır. Bundan başka, Türkiye’deki Gayrimüslim cemaatlerin bazı mensupları ile yapılan bazı görüşmelere dayalı olarak olaylara siyaset dışı bir bakışa yer verilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, olaylar sonrası zararın tespit ve tazminine dair detaylardan başka, 27 Mayıs askeri darbesine dek ortaya çıkan diğer yansımalar da açıklanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, DP’nin iktidardan uzaklaştırılması sonrası yapılan Yassıada Yargılamaları da mercek altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın yazarı, böylece 6/7 Eylül Olayları’nın bir kez daha hatırlanmasını sağlayarak ve olayların DP hükümeti ile ne kadar bağlantısı olduğu sorusunu cevaplandırabilmeyi ümit etmektedir.
Deterioro social y participación en el tráfico de drogas en el estado de Sonora
Authors: Piña Osuna Francisco Manuel ,   El Colegio de Sonora, México., Poom Medina Juan
Published: April 2019

En este artículo se analiza la existencia de una asociación entre algunas condiciones del deterioro social de una muestra de individuos y su participación dentro del tráfico de drogas, partiendo de teorías sociales que señalan distintos factores del contexto detrás de la trasgresión de la ley. Por medio de una metodología cuantitativa y una nueva base de datos que surge del estudio de 371 expedientes de personas presas por delitos de drogas en el estado de Sonora, México, los hallazgos muestran que antecedentes penales, consumo de drogas, condición de pobreza, rezago educativo, desintegración familiar y residencia en dicho estado influyen en la participación en actividades de tráfico de drogas. Este análisis contribuye a la discusión sobre algunos de los elementos que facilitan la reproducción de la delincuencia en el norte de México y señala que el deterioro de las condiciones sociales son elementos cruciales en la adhesión a actividades delictivas.
Study of Vitamin D Status and its Correlation with Glycated Haemoglobinin Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aljabri Khalid
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Few published researches have surveyed the correlation between Vitamin D status and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study was conducted to investigate the status of vitamin D and its correlation with glycated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A cross-sectional single centre study was conducted in 2440 patients with T2DM attending the Diabetes Centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between January 2018 and December 2018. Eligible patients were 20 years or older. Results: There were 2440 patients with T2DM. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD<50 nmol/l) was found 47.5%. Patients with HbA1c<7% were younger than patients with HbA1c 7%-9% and >9% (55.3 ±16.0 vs. 58.4 ±15.2 vs. 57.1 ±15.4 respectively, p<0.0001). The mean 25-OHD concentration was statistically significant lower in patients with Hba1c>9% compared to patients with Hba1c<7% and 7%-9% (49.7 ±27.0 vs. 61.8 ±31.4 vs. 56.9 ±28.8 respectively, p<0.0001). The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was statistically significant higher in patients with Hba1c>9% compared to patients with Hba1c<7% and 7%-9% (40% vs. 48% vs. 61% respectively, p<0.0001). The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was upward across HbA1c groups as age advanced with highest frequency of vitamin D deficiency was found to be statistically significant in HbA1c>9% compared to HbA1c< and 7%-9% groups in the age group 50-59 years and ≥60 years with males most frequently predominant than females in all age group associated with HbA1c 7%-9% and 9%. HbA1c was significantly positively correlated with age whereas 25-OHD concentration was significantly negatively correlated with age. Conclusions: We report vitamin D deficiency and its inverse association with Glycated Haemoglobin in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
In the Theatre of the Self: Reflections on the use of Drama in Treating Traumatic Stress
Authors: Corcoran Seamus
Published: April 2019

Our sense of agency, how much we feel in control, is defined by our relationship with our bodies and its rhythms. In order to find our voice we have to be in our bodies – able to breath fully and able to access our inner sensations. Acting is an experience of using your body to take your place in life.
Who Might Be Interested in a Deep Borehole Disposal Facility for Their Radioactive Waste?
Authors: Chapman Neil
Published: April 2019

The deep borehole disposal (DBD) concept for certain types of radioactive wastes has been discussed for many decades, but has enjoyed limited R&D interest compared to ‘conventional’ geological disposal in an excavated repository at a few hundreds of metres depth. This article explores the circumstances under which a national waste management programme might wish to consider DBD. Starting with an assumption that further R&D will answer technical issues of DBD feasibility, it examines the types of waste that might be routed to borehole disposal and the strategic drivers that might make DBD attractive. The article concludes by identifying the types of national programme that might wish to pursue DBD further and the pre-requisites for them to give it serious consideration.
Factors Correlating to the Development of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients—Findings Mainly from Asiatic Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cai Gaofeng , Zheng Hongjie , Luo Lan , Wang Zhengting , Jiang Zhenggang , Xu Shuangfei , Lv Huakun , Chen Yongdi , Zhou Biao , Hu Chonggao
Published: April 2019

Hemodialysis is an effective replacement therapy for chronic renal failure patients. In recent decades, the number of hemodialysis patients has grown rapidly and some measures for preventing blood-borne diseases have been implemented, but hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant problem. The meta-analysis published in 2009 on HCV infection-related factors was based on localized study objects, and some additional studies have been published since 2009; however, the contribution of these factors remains under dispute. Our study pooled the odds ratios (ORs) or mean standard deviations (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and analyzed sensitivity using Review Manager 5.1 software (5.1 version Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre; 2011) by searching data in the PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and EBSCO databases. Spearman correlation analysis was performed using the SPSS package. In our meta-analysis, 1715 HCV-infected hemodialysis patients and 7093 non-HCV-infected hemodialysis patients from 44 studies were analyzed. The pooled ORs with 95% CIs were: histories of blood transfusion, 4.30 (3.11, 5.96); weekly hemodialysis times > 2, 6.00 (3.25, 11.06); kidney transplantation, 5.80 (3.95, 8.52); hemodialysis units > 2, 6.90 (2.42, 19.68); shared hemodialysis devices, 5.00 (2.35, 10.65); and drug addiction, 4.73 (1.54, 14.47). The pooled MDs with 95% CIs were duration of hemodialysis (months) 27.48 (21.67, 33.30). There was a positive correlation between duration of hemodialysis and the HCV infection rate (p < 0.01). Hemodialysis patients, especially from Asia, with shared hemodialysis devices, hemodialysis units > 2, blood transfusion, kidney transplantation, and drug addiction were at increased risk of HCV infection. The HCV infection rate increased with the duration of hemodialysis. High-risk hemodialysis patients should be monitored and receive timely screening.
Discovery of Potent and Selective Halogen-Substituted Imidazole-Thiosemicarbazides for Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii Growth In Vitro via Structure-Based Design
Authors: Paneth Agata , Węglińska Lidia , Bekier Adrian , Stefaniszyn Edyta , Wujec Monika , Trotsko Nazar , Hawrył Anna , Hawrył Miroslaw , Dzitko Katarzyna
Published: April 2019

Employing a simple synthetic protocol, a series of highly effective halogen-substituted imidazole-thiosemicarbazides with anti-Toxoplasma gondii effects against the RH tachyzoites, much better than sulfadiazine, were obtained (IC50s 10.30—113.45 µg/mL vs. ~2721.45 µg/mL). The most potent of them, 12, 13, and 15, blocked the in vitro proliferation of T. gondii more potently than trimethoprim (IC50 12.13 µg/mL), as well. The results of lipophilicity studies collectively suggest that logP would be a rate-limiting factor for the anti-Toxoplasma activity of this class of compounds.
Coumarins and P450s, Studies Reported to-Date
Authors: Foroozesh Maryam , Sridhar Jayalakshmi , Goyal Navneet , Liu Jiawang
Published: April 2019

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) are important phase I enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds mainly through mono-oxygenation reactions into more polar and easier to excrete species. In addition to their role in detoxification, they play important roles in the biosynthesis of endogenous compounds and the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Coumarins, phytochemicals abundant in food and commonly used in fragrances and cosmetics, have been shown to interact with P450 enzymes as substrates and/or inhibitors. In this review, these interactions and their significance in pharmacology and toxicology are discussed in detail.
Absolute Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Erinacine S in Hericium erinaceus Mycelia
Authors: Hu Jun-Hao , Li I-Chen , Lin Ting-Wei , Chen Wan-Ping , Lee Li-Ya , Chen Chin-Chu , Kuo Chia-Feng
Published: April 2019

Erinacine S, so far known to have been produced only in Hericium erinaceus mycelia, has just recently been discovered and is able to reduce amyloid plaque growth and improve neurogenesis in aged brain of rats. However, few investigations have been conducted on the absorption, distribution, and excretion study of Erinacine S. This study aimed to investigate the absolute bioavailability, tissue distribution, and excretion of Erinacine S in H. Erinaceus mycelia in eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats. After oral administration and intravenous administration of 2.395 g/kg body weight of the H. erinaceus mycelia extract (equivalent to 50 mg/kg body weight Erinacine S) and 5 mg/kg of Erinacine S, respectively, the absolute bioavailability was estimated as 15.13%. In addition, Erinacine S was extensively distributed in organs such as brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The maximum concentration of Erinacine S was observed in the stomach, 2 h after the oral administration of H. erinaceus mycelia extract, whereas the maximum amount of Erinacine S found in other tissues were seen after 8 h. Total amount of unconverted Erinacine S eliminated in feces and urine in 24 h was 0.1% of the oral dosage administrated. This study is the first to show that Erinacine S can penetrate the blood–brain barrier of rats and thus support the development of H. erinaceus mycelia, for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Protein Hydrolysate from Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus, Armoured Catfish, with High Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Michael Nicholas , Fonseca Madrigal Jorge , Sosa Aguirre Carlos , Jauregi Paula
Published: April 2019

Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus, locally named the armoured catfish, is a by-catch of tilapia fishing that accounts for up to 80% of total captured fish in the Adolfo Lopez Mateos dam, in Michoacán, México, affecting the economy of its surrounding communities. This invasive fish is discarded by fishermen since native people do not consume it, partly due to its appearance, yet it is rich in protein. The aim of this study was to produce hydrolysates from armoured catfish using food-grade proteases (neutrases HT and PF and alcalase PAL) and investigate the processing conditions (pH and temperature) that lead to a high degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant activity, and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory activity. No other similar research has been reported on this underutilized fish. The antioxidant activity was measured by three different methods, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC, with relevance to food and biological systems in order to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of the activity. In addition, the main peptide sequences were identified. All enzymes produced hydrolysates with high antioxidant activity. In particular, the protease HT led to the highest antioxidant activity according to the ABTS (174.68 μmol Trolox equivalent/g fish) and FRAP (7.59 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g fish) methods and almost the same as PAL according to the ORAC method (51.43 μmol Trolox equivalent/g fish). Moreover, maximum activity was obtained at mild pH and temperature (7.5; 50 °C). Interestingly, the ORAC values obtained here were higher than others previously reported for fish hydrolysates and similar to those reported for fruits such as blueberries, apples and oranges. The peptide sequence IEE(E) was present in several peptides in both hydrolysates; this sequence may be partly responsible for the high antioxidant activity, particularly the one based on iron-reducing power. These findings will be relevant to the valorization of other fish/fish muscle discards and could contribute to the production of food supplements and nutraceuticals.
Identifying Reducing and Capping Sites of Protein-Encapsulated Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Hsu Yu-Chen , Hung Mei-Jou , Chen Yi-An , Wang Tsu-Fan , Ou Ying-Ru , Chen Shu-Hui
Published: April 2019

The reducing and capping sites along with their local structure impact photo properties of the red bovine serum albumin-capped Au nanocluster (BSA-AuNC), however, they are hard to identify. We developped a workflow and relevant techniques using mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the reducing and capping sites of BSA-AuNCs involved in their formation and fluorescence. Digestion without disulfide cleavages yielded an Au core fraction exhibiting red fluorescence and [AunSm] ion signals and a non-core fraction exhibiting neither of them. The core fraction was identified to mainly be comprised of peptides containing cysteine residues. The fluorescence and [AunSm] signals were quenched by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, confirming that disulfide groups were required for nanocluster stabilization and fluorescence. By MS sequencing, the disulfide pairs, C75–C91/C90–C101 in domain IA, C315–C360/C359–C368 in domain IIB, and C513–C558/C557–C566 in domain IIIB, were identified to be main capping sites of red AuNCs. Peptides containing oxidized cysteines (sulfinic or cysteic acid) were identified as reducing sites mainly in the non-core fraction, suggesting that disulfide cleavages by oxidization and conformational changes contributed to the subsequent growth of nanoclusters at nearby intact disulfide pairs. This is the first report on precise identification of the reducing and capping sites of BSA-AuNCs.
Synthesis of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polymers with Low PDIs by Polymerizations of 1-Decene, 1-Dodecene, and 1-Tetradecene by Cp*TiMe2(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)–Borate Catalyst
Authors: Nomura Kotohiro , Pengoubol Sarntamon , Apisuk Wannida
Published: April 2019

Polymerizations of 1-decene (DC), 1-dodecene (DD), and 1-tetradecene (TD) by Cp*TiMe2(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3) (1)–[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] (borate) catalyst have been explored in the presence of Al cocatalyst. The polymerizations of DC and DD, in n-hexane containing a mixture of AliBu3 and Al(n-C8H17)3, proceeded with high catalytic activities in a quasi-living manner, affording high molecular weight polymers (activity 4120–5860 kg-poly(DC)/mol-Ti·h, Mn for poly(DC) = 7.04–7.82 × 105, after 20 min at −30 °C). The PDI (Mw/Mn) values in the resultant polymers decreased upon increasing the ratio of Al(n-C8H17)3/AliBu3 with decreasing the activities at −30 °C. The PDI values also became low when these polymerizations were conducted at low temperatures (−40 or −50 °C); high molecular weight poly(DD) with low PDI (Mn = 5.26 × 105, Mw/Mn = 1.16) was obtained at −50 °C. The TD polymerization using 1–borate–AliBu3 catalyst (conducted in n-hexane at −30 °C) afforded ultrahigh molecular weight poly(TD) (Mn = 1.02 × 106, Mw/Mn = 1.38), and the PDI values also decreased with increasing the Al(n-C8H17)3/AliBu3 ratio.
Dealing with Undeniable Differences in Thessaloniki’s Solidarity Economy of Food
Authors: Buchanan Christabel
Published: April 2019

In the context of capitalist crisis, a re-emergence of reciprocal economic relationships has been praised by postcapitalist researchers. Self-organised solidarity food economies have indeed brought promise of democratic change. However, this article draws on two years of fieldwork in Thessaloniki to develop Iris Young’s Politics of Difference in order to challenge the view of solidarity economy as wholly a process of collaboration. Thus, the article overturns prevalent myths regarding the cultural ineptitude of Greek actors. In doing so, it highlights the need for food movements to acknowledge the inevitable tensions that arise from structural inequalities. The article argues that overcoming these tensions requires challenging difference-blindness in grassroots democracy. It concludes that an acknowledgement of shifting structural inequalities, exaggerated by the economic crisis, must be incorporated into an initiative’s democratic processes alongside mechanisms for dealing with disharmony.
The Effect of Listing Period on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Jung Nam Chul , Kim Hyun Ah
Published: April 2019

Newly listed firms can actively engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) to build reputation, but they may postpone CSR until they have enough slack for it. Related to this, prior literature does not provide consistent results, the US evidence supports the latter while the Chinese results support the former. To extend the literature, we use Korean listed companies and examine the association between the listing period and CSR. We further investigate the effect of analyst following on the relationship. The empirical results show that firms with a shorter listing period invest more in CSR and that the association exists only in firm-years followed by analysts, indicating the importance of the information environment to inform CSR. We additionally find that young listed companies mainly use social contribution and soundness, which can be discretionarily conducted from a short-term perspective. The results of this study using CSR to obtain a short-term objective suggest that policymakers need to analyze a firm’s behavior from various perspectives and to establish proper guidelines to achieve a long-term goal of CSR “sustainability”.