bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M.
Published: February 2008

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as James A, Soler A, Weatherall R. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004690. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004690.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Cognitive behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Offringa M.
Published: February 2008

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as Macdonald GM, Higgins JPT, Ramchandani P. Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001930. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001930.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Media‐based behavioural treatments for behavioural problems in children’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M.
Published: February 2008

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as Montgomery P, Bjornstad G, Dennis J. Media‐based behavioural treatments for behavioural problems in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002206. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002206.pub3.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Behavioural and cognitive therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M.
Published: February 2008

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as O'Kearney RT, Anstey KJ, von Sanden C. Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004856. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004856.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: February 2008

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: O'Kearney RT, Anstey KJ, von Sanden C. Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004856. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004856.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: February 2008

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: James A, Soler A, Weatherall R. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004690. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD004690.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: February 2008

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Brazzelli M, Griffiths P. Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002240. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002240.pub3.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Media‐based behavioural treatments for behavioural problems in children’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: February 2008

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Montgomery P, Bjornstad G, Dennis J. Media‐based behavioural treatments for behavioural problems in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002206. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD002206.pub3.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: February 2008

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Macdonald GM, Higgins JPT, Ramchandani P. Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No. CD001930. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001930.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents’, with response from the author
Authors: Andrews Gavin , Mahoney Alison , Turner William
Published: February 2008

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: James A, Soler A, Weatherall R. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004690. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004690.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children’
Authors: Catto‐Smith Anthony G.
Published: February 2008

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Brazzelli M, Griffiths P. Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002240. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002240.pub3.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Media‐based behavioural treatments for behavioural problems in children’
Authors: Hazell Philip
Published: February 2008

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Montgomery P, Bjornstad G, Dennis J. Media‐based behavioural treatments for behavioural problems in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002206. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD002206.pub3.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused’
Authors: McCrory Eamon
Published: February 2008

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Macdonald GM, Higgins JPT, Ramchandani P. Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No. CD001930. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001930.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Behavioural and cognitive therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents’ with a response from the review author
Authors: Turner Cynthia M , Mataix‐Cols David
Published: February 2008

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: O'Kearney RT, Anstey KJ, von Sanden C. Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004856. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004856.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
The Cochrane Library and sickle cell disease: an overview of reviews
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Harvey Krystal , Stobart Kent
Published: February 2008

Background

Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited red blood cell disorder which features pain as a predominant manifestation.

Objectives

To review the evidence within Cochrane systematic reviews on the management of pain associated with vaso‐occlusive crises and priapism secondary to sickle cell disease in paediatric populations.

Methods

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews was searched for all reviews that addressed interventions to relieve pain associated with sickle cell disease. Reviews that primarily addressed the reduction of sickle cell crises were excluded. Data were extracted from included reviews.

Results

Three reviews were included. One review examined pharmacological interventions to relieve pain associated with vaso‐occlusive pain crises. One trial in children reported a significant reduction in VAS scores associated with ketorolac administration versus pethidine, but another trial performed in adults showed no significant reduction in VAS scores when ketorolac was compared to placebo. Two trials found that parenterally delivered corticosteroids reduced the length of analgesic therapy compared to placebo, and another trial found that there was no difference in the pain scores of children when morphine was delivered either parenterally or orally. Two trials reported on long‐term psychological interventions to manage pain. One found that coping skills training in children resulted in a reduction in the tendency to report pain, while the other trial found that cognitive behavioural therapy in adolescents and adults resulted in a decrease in the emotional component of pain but not the sensory component. One review addressed the treatment of stuttering priapism in boys and men using stilboestrol, but included an insufficient number of patients to draw a conclusion.

Authors' Conclusions

Pharmacological interventions to treat vaso‐occlusive pain crises show mixed results in the use of ketorolac and no difference between parenteral versus oral administration of morphine. Psychological interventions for vaso‐occlusive crises demonstrated benefit in improving some components of pain. Evidence regarding treatment of priapism was weak. Further studies should employ multi‐centre trials and begin to address generalisability concerns by more focus in Africa, where the majority of patients with sickle cell disease reside. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Alkylmagnesium Complexes with the Rigid dpp‐bian Ligand {dpp‐bian = 1,2‐Bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene}
Authors: Fedushkin Igor L. , Morozov Alexander G. , Hummert Markus , Schumann Herbert
Published: February 2008

The reactions between equimolar amounts of (dpp‐bian)Na(Et2O)x (1) {dpp‐bian = 1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene} and MeMgBr, EtMgBr and Me3SiCH2MgCl in Et2O afford the corresponding alkylmagnesium complexes [(dpp‐bian)MgMe]2 (2), (dpp‐bian)MgEt(Et2O) (3) and (dpp‐bian)MgCH2SiMe3(Et2O) (4), respectively. Compound 2 and tBuOH react with elimination of methane and the formation of [(dpp‐bian)MgOtBu]2 (5). Compounds 2–5, all of which contain the dpp‐bian ligand in its radical monoanionic form, were characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, as well as by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Molecular structure determination revealed that the magnesium atoms in 2–5 are four‐coordinate. The magnesium atoms of complexes 2 and 5 reach the coordination number four by dimerisation through bridging Me and tBuO groups, respectively, whereas compounds 3 and 4 reach it by coordination of one molecule of diethyl ether.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Different Morphological Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials as Fluorescent Chemosensors and Adsorbents for CuII Ions
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Bae Doo Ri , Han Won Seok , Lee Shim Sung , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: February 2008

Functionalized silica nanotubes (FSNT), functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS), and functionalized silica nanoparticles (FSNP‐15) with an immobilized phenanthroline moiety as a fluorescent receptor were fabricated by a sol–gel reaction, and their binding abilities with metal ions were evaluated by fluorophotometry in water/acetonitrile (8:2, v/v) at pH 7. They selectively recognized Cu2+ ions among other metal cations such as Co2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Ag+, Pb2+, and Zn2+, because the Cu2+ ion selectively binds to the nitrogen atoms of the phenanthroline moiety. Among the three silica nanomaterials with the immobilized receptor 1, the sensitivity of FSNT for Cu2+ ions is better than those of FMS and FSNP‐15, indicating that the adsorption capacity for metal ions is dependent on the shape and surface area of the supporting nanomaterials. FSNT (10 mg) adsorb 75 % of the Cu2+ ions (2.0 × 10–4 mM) while FSNP‐15 (10 mg) adsorb only 36 %. The detection limit of FSNT for Cu2+ ions was ca. 3.0 × 10–8 M. FSNT and FMS can be easily renewed by treatment with a solution of HCl and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties of New Chalcogen‐Bridged Heterodimetallic Cluster Compounds with Heterocubane Structure
Authors: Bechlars Bettina , Issac Ibrahim , Feuerhake Robert , Clérac Rodolphe , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter
Published: February 2008

The reaction of nickel, iron and cobalt complexes with MCl5 (M = Nb, Ta) and silylated chalcogen compounds in the presence of phosphane ligands yield the cluster compounds [Nb2Ni2S4Cl4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (1), [Nb2Ni2Se4Cl4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (2), [Ta2Ni2S4Br4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (3), [Ta2Ni2Se4Br4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (4), [Ni3S2(PMe3)6][Ta3NiS4(PMe3)4Cl6]2 (5), [Fe(dppm)2(CH3CN)2][NbFe3S4Cl3(dppm)(CH3CN)]2 (6) [dppm = (diphenylphosphanyl)methane], [Fe(dppm)2(CH3CN)2][TaFe3S4Cl3(dppm)(CH3CN)]2 (7), [FeCl(dppmSe)2][TaFe3Se4Cl3(dppm)(CH3CN)] (8) and [NbCo3Se4(PPh3)3(CH3CN)3][CoCl3(PPh3)] (9). The compounds (Et4N)3[NbFe2S4(SPh)4] (10) and (Et4N)3[NbFe2Se4(SPh)4] (11) were obtained by treating (Et4N)2[Fe(SPh)4] with Li3NbE4 (E = S, Se). (Et4N)3[Nb2Fe6S8(SPh)9] (12) was synthesized by adding FeCl2 to compound 10 used as starting material. (Et4N)3[Nb2Fe6Se8(SePh)9] (13) (which is isostructural to 12) was synthesized by treating FeCl2 with NaSetBu, NbCl5 and PhSeSiMe3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Isolation of an Intermediate in the Platination of p‐Nitroacetophenone 4‐Methylthiosemicarbazone: Potential Application as an Antitumor Drug
Authors: Quiroga Adoración G. , Cubo Leticia , Miguel Pablo J. Sanz , Moneo Victoria , Carnero Amancio , Navarro‐Ranninger Carmen
Published: February 2008

The investigation of the formation and reactivity of Pd and Pt thiosemicarbazone complexes has revealed an unstudied intermediate derived from p‐nitroacetophenone 4‐methylthiosemicabazone (L1H2). The L1H2 ligand leads to a new complex [Pt(L1)(L1H2)] that supports the postulated mechanism of how cyclometallation reactions take place. All the newly synthesized complexes, [(Pd(L1)4], [(Pt(L1)4], and [Pt(L1)(L1H2)] (3), have been characterized and tested against MCF7, SF268, and NCI H460 cell lines. The crystal structure of [Pt(L1)(L1H2)]·dmso is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Oxa‐Pictet–Spengler Reaction: A Highlight on the Different Efficiency between Isochroman and Phthalan or Homoisochroman Derivative Syntheses
Authors: Guiso Marcella , Betrow Abduelhakem , Marra Carolina
Published: February 2008

Recently we reported that 6‐hydroxy‐ and 6,7‐dihydroxyisochromans can be obtained under very mild conditions and with very good yield by a one‐pot synthesis based on a modified oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reaction. In this paper, we demonstrate that the above reaction is also useful for the synthesis of hydroxyphthalans, and we discuss the effects of the substituents on the alcoholic aromatic ring on the course of the reaction, as well as those on the aldehydic structure. We also report a synthesis of hydroxyhomoisochromans performed by the same method. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Novel Angular Heterocyclic Lignans by an InCl3‐Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐Type Cyclization
Authors: Dorbec Matthieu , Florent Jean‐Claude , Monneret Claude , Rager Marie‐Noëlle , Fosse Céline , Bertounesque Emmanuel
Published: February 2008

The synthesis of a 1‐aryltetralin privileged structure‐based library of novel angular heterocyclic lignans is described. Indolotetralins 3, tetrahydroquinolinotetralins 4, and thiochromanotetralins 5 were obtained from the methyl ester of thuriferic acid 2 according to a three‐step procedure involving an InCl3‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐type cyclization as the key step.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of an Oxazole–Pyrrole–Piperazine Scaffold as an α‐Helix Mimetic
Authors: Moisan Lionel , Odermatt Severin , Gombosuren Naran , Carella Alexandre , Rebek Julius
Published: February 2008

The synthesis of nonpeptidic α‐helix mimetics based on a tricyclic oxazole–pyrrole–piperazine scaffold is described. The scaffold presents both a hydrophobic surface for recognition and a hydrophilic edge that enhances solubility. The synthesis is highly modular and allows the targeting of a range of protein–protein interactions involving α‐helices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Reaction of Thiolesters with Nitrogen Ylides
Authors: Voltrova Svatava , Srogl Jiri
Published: February 2008

The pairing of unstabilized nitrogen ylides generated in situ with functionalized thiolesters under ambient conditions resulted in a new intramolecular carbon–carbon bond forming reaction. The scope of the reaction was illustrated with a series of substituted thiolester substrates. This reaction represents a new method for the synthesis of 2‐substituted tetrahydrothienyl compounds through a unique 1,2‐thiolate shift. Whereas nitrogen ylides have been used in synthesis previously, very few examples exist in which unstabilized nitrogen ylides have been utilized in synthetically meaningful transformations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Novel Macrolactam and Macroketone Analogues of Migrastatin from D‐Glucal and Comparison with Macrolactone and Acyclic Analogues: A Dorrigocin A Congener Is a Potent Inhibitor of Gastric Cancer Cell Migration
Authors: Anquetin Guillaume , Horgan Gareth , Rawe Sarah , Murray David , Madden Aideen , MacMathuna Padraic , Doran Peter , Murphy Paul V.
Published: February 2008

Novel macrolactam and macroketone analogues of the migrastatin macrolide core have been synthesised from tri‐O‐acetyl‐D‐glucal in order to facilitate structure‐activity studies. The Horner olefination, followed by ring‐closing metathesis were key steps in the synthesis of the macroketone. The ability of the macroketone and macrolactam derivatives to inhibit the migration of gastric tumour cells as determined using a transwell migration assay were compared with macrolactone analogues and dorrigocin A analogues. One dorrigocin A congener was the most potent inhibitor of gastric cancer cell migration.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Biased assimilation: the role of source position
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias , Fischer Peter , Frey Dieter , Schulz‐Hardt Stefan
Published: February 2008

Biased assimilation is the tendency to evaluate belief‐consistent information more positively than belief‐inconsistent information. Previous research has demonstrated that biased assimilation is due to an inconsistency between an argument and the recipient's position toward this argument. The present research revealed that an inconsistency between a source's position (independently of the argument) and the recipient's position is also responsible for biased assimilation. In two studies, participants evaluated arguments stated by a politician. Party affiliation of the politician was correctly labeled, incorrectly labeled, or not labeled. The politicians' arguments were evaluated more favorably by their respective voters when party affiliation was correctly labeled. This biased evaluation diminished when party affiliation was not labeled and even slightly reversed when party affiliation was incorrectly labeled. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social ostracism and group motivation gain
Authors: Kerr Norbert L. , Seok Dong‐Heon , Poulsen Joan R. , Harris David W. , Messé Lawrence A.
Published: February 2008

There is considerable evidence from the social loafing literature that groups can often undermine task motivation (relative to comparable individual performers). There is less but growing evidence that under the appropriate conditions, working in a group can have the opposite effect and actually produce a motivation gain. Little is known about how such motivation losses and gains are affected by the social relationships among group members. The present experiment examined the effect of being ostracized by one's work partner on the Köhler motivation gain (which occurs when less able team members work harder under conjunctive group task demands than when working individually). Such ostracism attenuated but did not eliminate the Köhler motivation gain. Ostracism only had such a moderating effect when participants worked in a group, not under comparable coactive work conditions. It is argued that social ostracism can undermine group members' concern for group success or for protecting their reputation in the group without affecting the social comparison processes that also contribute to the Köhler effect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left–right ideological differences in system justification following exposure to complementary versus noncomplementary stereotype exemplars
Authors: Kay Aaron C. , Czapliński Szymon , Jost John T.
Published: February 2008

The capacity for victim‐derogating stereotypes and attributions to justify social inequality and maintain the status quo is well known among social scientists and other observers. Research conducted from the perspective of system justification theory suggests that an alternative to derogation is to justify inequality through the use of complementary stereotypes that ascribe compensating benefits and burdens to disadvantaged and advantaged groups, respectively. In two experimental studies conducted in Poland we investigated the hypothesis that preferences for these two routes to system justification would depend upon one's political orientation. That is, we predicted that the system‐justifying potential of complementary versus noncomplementary stereotype exemplars would be moderated by individual differences in left–right ideology, such that left‐wingers would exhibit stronger support for the societal status quo following exposure to complementary (e.g., “poor but happy,” “rich but miserable”) representations, whereas right‐wingers would exhibit stronger support for the status quo following exposure to noncomplementary (e.g., “poor and dishonest,” “rich and honest”) representations. Results were supportive of these predictions. Implications for theory and practice concerning stereotyping, ideology, and system justification are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Identity affirmation and social movement support
Authors: Simon Bernd , Trötschel Roman , Dähne Dorit
Published: February 2008

Identity Affirmation and Social Movement Support By Bernd Simon, Roman Trötschel and Dorit Dähne.

The above article (DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.473) was published online in Early View on 6 November 2007.

On page 7 of the initial online publication of this article, the first subheading was incorrect.

The correct first subheading is reproduced below:

Manipulation Checks and Dependent Variable
Hysteretic model development and seismic response of unbonded post‐tensioned precast CFT segmental bridge columns
Authors: Chou Chung‐Che , Hsu Chih‐Po
Published: February 2008

The study investigated the cyclic behavior of unbonded, post‐tensioned, precast concrete‐filled tube segmental bridge columns by loading each specimen twice. Moreover, a stiffness‐degrading flag‐shaped (SDFS) hysteretic model was developed based on self‐centering and stiffness‐degrading behaviors. The proposed model overcomes the deficiency of cyclic behavior prediction using a FS model, which self‐centers with fixed elastic and inelastic stiffnesses. Experimental and analytical results showed that (1) deformation capabilities of the column under the first and second cyclic tests were similar; however, energy dissipation capacities significantly differed from each other, and (2) the SDFS model predicted the cyclic response of the column better than the FS model. Inelastic time‐history analyses were performed to demonstrate the dynamic response variability of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system using both models. A parametric study, performed on SDOF systems subjected to eight historical earthquakes, showed that increased displacement ductility demand was significant for structures with a low period and low‐to‐medium yield strength ratio and reduced displacement ductility demand in these systems was effectively attained by increasing energy dissipation capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of groundwater flow on meandering; example from the Geul River, The Netherlands
Authors: van Balen R. T. , Kasse C. , De Moor J.
Published: February 2008

The Geul River, located in the south‐eastern part of The Netherlands, is a meandering river with a planform shape characterized by large loops consisting of multiple bends. We evaluate the effect(s) of groundwater flow on the shapes of meanders as a possible explanation for the multi‐bend loops, using a combined meandering–groundwater computer model. In the model seeping groundwater enhances bank erodibility.

Based on the simulation results, we present a conceptual, generalized model for groundwater–meandering interaction, based on wavelength selection and fixation effects. Wavelength selection occurs because of the positive feedback between growing meander bends and groundwater flow patterns and velocities. The promoted wavelengths have the same spatial scale as the groundwater flow system in the aquifer underlying the floodplain. In the case of the Geul River these wavelengths are of the order of 100 m. Since groundwater flow velocities are largest close to the recharging hill‐slopes, the seepage‐enhanced bank erodibilities are at a maximum near the floodplain limits. At these locations the difference in erodibility between banks facing the floodplain and those facing the hill slopes is large, so it is difficult for the river to migrate away from the floodplain limits. This causes long stretches of the river to be aligned along the floodplain limits, which we term a fixation effect. This mechanism best explains the multi‐bend loops of the Geul River.

The general interaction between groundwater flow and meandering is site specific since it depends on climatic, fluvial and hydrogeological parameters. The Geul is characterized by a wide floodplain and steep hill‐slopes, and it is underlain by coarse‐grained deposits with good aquifer properties, favoring an important groundwater system. Since this kind of river frequently occurs, our results could apply to many other river systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian flows in compliant vessels
Authors: Lukáčová‐Medviďová M. , Zaušková A.
Published: February 2008

The aim of this paper is to present recent results on numerical modelling of non‐Newtonian flow in two‐dimensional compliant vessels with application in hemodynamics. We consider two models of the shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian fluids and compare them with the Newtonian model. For the structure problem, the generalized string equation for radial symmetric tubes is used and extended to a stenosed vessel. A global iterative approach is used to approximate the fluid–structure interaction. At the end we present numerical experiments for selected non‐Newtonian models, comparisons with the Newtonian model and the hemodynamic wall parameters: the wall shear stress and the oscillatory stress index. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conservative unstructured scheme for rapidly varied flows
Authors: Kramer Stephan C. , Stelling Guus S.
Published: February 2008

This article introduces a new semi‐implicit, staggered finite volume scheme on unstructured meshes for the modelling of rapidly varied shallow water flows. Rapidly varied flows occur in the inundation of dry land during flooding situations. They typically involve bores and hydraulic jumps after obstacles such as road banks. Near such sudden flow transitions, the grid resolution is often low compared with the gradients of the bathymetry. Locally the hydrostatic pressure assumption may become invalid. In these situations, it is crucial to apply the correct conservation properties to obtain accurate results. An important feature of this scheme is therefore its ability to conserve momentum locally or, by choice, preserve constant energy head along a streamline. This is achieved using a special interpolation method and control volumes for momentum.

The efficiency of inundation calculations with locally very high velocities, and in the case of unstructured meshes locally very small grid distances, is severely hampered by the Courant condition. This article provides a solution in the form of a locally implicit time integration for the advective terms that allows for an explicit calculation in most of the domain, while maintaining unconditional stability by implicit calculations only where necessary.

The complex geometry of flooded urban areas asks for the flexibility of unstructured meshes. The efficient calculation of the pressure gradient in this, and other semi‐implicit staggered schemes, requires, however, an orthogonality condition to be put on the grid. In this article a simple method is introduced to generate unstructured hybrid meshes that fulfil this requirement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining CVFEM and meshless front tracking in Hele–Shaw mold filling simulation
Authors: Estacio K. C. , Nonato L. G. , Mangiavacchi N. , Carey G. F.
Published: February 2008

In this work, a generalized Hele–Shaw approach is developed for non‐isothermal, non‐Newtonian and inelastic flows arising in injection molding. The advancing free surface of the injected fluid is predicted by a novel meshless front‐tracking method coupled to control volume finite element solution for the pressure. A modified Cross constitutive model with Arrhenius temperature dependence is employed to describe the viscosity of the melt and the temperature field is solved by a semi‐Lagrangian scheme with a finite volume method. The utility of the combined algorithm is demonstrated for a test problem that has complex ‘obstacles’ in the mold interior. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved meshing method for shape optimization of aerodynamic profiles using genetic algorithms
Authors: López D. , Angulo C. , Macareno L.
Published: February 2008

One of the basic problems in fluid dynamics shape optimization is mesh generation. When analysis is performed using the finite element method, meshes of sufficient quality need to be constructed automatically. This work presents a structured meshing procedure that creates subdomains for generating good quality structured meshes in critical flow regions around aerodynamic profiles. Techniques of this nature enable other kinds of problems and geometries to be tackled. To demonstrate its capacity, it was applied to a straightforward shape optimization problem in fluid dynamics via genetic algorithms (GAs), including a preliminary efficiency study for different GA parameter combinations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collocated discrete least‐squares (CDLS) meshless method: error estimate and adaptive refinement
Authors: Afshar M. H. , Lashckarbolok M.
Published: February 2008

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (in press) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) (DOI: 10.1002/fld.1571)

The authors apologizes the respected readers of the Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids for the unnoticed error in the formula (35) in Page 7 of the paper. The correct formula is
Development and application of a parallel multigrid solver for the simulation of spreading droplets
Authors: Gaskell P. H. , Jimack P. K. , Koh Y.‐Y. , Thompson H. M.
Published: February 2008

We consider the parallel application of an efficient solver developed for the accurate solution of a range of droplet spreading flows modelled as a coupled set of nonlinear lubrication equations. The underlying numerical scheme is based upon a second‐order finite difference discretization in space and a second‐order, fully implicit, adaptive scheme in time. At each time step, this leads to the need to solve a large system of nonlinear algebraic equations, for which the full approximation storage multigrid algorithm is employed. The motion of the contact line between the three phases (liquid, air and the solid substrate) is based upon the assumption of a thin precursor film, with a corresponding disjoining pressure term in the governing equations. It is the inclusion of this precursor film in the model that motivates the need for a parallel solution method. This is because the thickness of such a film must be very small in order to yield realistic predictions, while the finite difference grid must be correspondingly fine in order to obtain accurate numerical solutions. Results are presented which demonstrate that the parallel implementation is sufficiently efficient and robust to allow reliable numerical solutions to be obtained for a level of mesh resolution that is an order of magnitude finer than is possible using a single processor. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A symmetric formulation for flux‐limited convection schemes
Authors: Waterson N. P.
Published: February 2008

The present paper introduces a new limiter formulation for the definition of bounded higher‐order convection schemes within a finite‐volume context. The new formulation emphasizes the symmetry property and brings into clearer view certain types of solution behaviour, in particular strong positive solution curvature. The new formulation can be shown graphically, in a diagram similar to the well‐known Sweby diagram, and the various boundedness criteria in current use, in particular the total‐variation diminishing (TVD) and positivity conditions, can be shown as regions in the new diagram. The formulation allows the definition of smooth limiters with simple and flexible functional forms, of which some example classes are given (along with the transformed versions of some existing limiters). The smooth classes can be extended to maintain positive solution behaviour on non‐uniform grids in a simple and natural manner. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐order methods and mesh adaptation for Euler equations
Authors: Alauzet F.
Published: February 2008

In this paper, we point out a novel contribution of mesh adaptation to high‐order methods for stationary and time‐dependent problems. From theoretical results, we exhibit that mesh adaptation, based on an adjoint‐free method, achieves a global second‐order mesh convergence for numerical solutions with discontinuities in Lp norm. To attain this result, it is mandatory to combine together all mesh adaptive methods developed in the previous work. This theoretical result is validated on 2D and 3D examples for stationary and time‐dependent simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of orthogonal functions in fluid‐dynamic gradient‐based optimization
Authors: Catalano L. A. , Dadone A. , Daloiso V. S. E.
Published: February 2008

This paper proposes a method to derive a set of symmetrical and antisymmetric orthogonal shape functions, which can be efficiently used in fluid‐dynamic design optimization. The inverse design of an airfoil in inviscid transonic flow conditions is proposed to demonstrate that a gradient‐based optimization using orthogonal profiles is 6–10 times faster than the same procedure using non‐orthogonal interpolation functions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐eddy simulation of the flow in a low‐speed centrifugal compressor
Authors: Guleren K. M. , Turan A. , Pinarbasi A.
Published: February 2008

The results of a series of numerical simulations for the NASA low‐speed centrifugal compressor are presented. Large‐eddy simulation (LES) is carried out together with the most commonly used Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models, including the mixing length, k–ε and k–ω models. Predictions are compared with the available experimental data. It is seen that quantitative predictions of LES are better than those of RANS models for the tip jet and wake regions. LES, unlike these RANS models and the past computational fluid dynamics predictions, shows separation near the casing starting around the halfway of the impeller and reveals a vortex bubble close the impeller exit/casing corner. The tip leakage flow, which is the main characteristic of an unshrouded compressor, is investigated using the probability density function (PDF) and the power spectral density (PSD) of the instantaneous velocity values. The skewness and flatness calculated from the PDF profiles show that the unsteady flow in the tip wake region is less‐intermittent compared with the flow in the tip jet region. The PSD analysis shows that the turbulent energy transfer rate from the larger scales to the smaller scales and the frequency range where the inertial region is valid increase in the tip wake region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of film cooling effectiveness on a flat plate
Authors: Kanani Homayoon , Shams Mehrzad , Ebrahimi Reza , Ahmadian Taher
Published: February 2008

Numerical simulation has been conducted to study film cooling effectiveness on a flat plate. Three‐dimensional geometry was generated and the effects of blowing ratio and geometrical shape were studied. A cylindrical round, simple angle (CYSA) and laterally diffused, simple angle (LDSA) hole with a streamwise angle of 30° and spanwise angle of 0° were used. Hole length to diameter ratio (L/D=4) is constant for all geometries. Also the diameter of film cooling hole for different cooling holes at the entrance surface (D=10 mm) is constant. The blowing ratio ranges from 0.5 to 1.67, and the mainstream Reynolds number based on the mainstream velocity and hole diameter (ReD) was 8563. Both local and lateral averaged values are presented. Results have a good correspondence with experimental data obtained by Yuen and Martinez‐Botas (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 2003; 46:221–235). The simulation results show that cooling hole shape affects film cooling effectiveness significantly. The LDSA hole decreases the momentum of jet flow at the exit area of the hole and avoids lift‐off phenomenon. Counter‐rotating vortex formed downstream of the hole is weaker for the LDSA hole and secondary flow is not powerful enough to disturb the jet flow structure next to the wall. Also the results show that the LDSA hole has a better lateral coverage due to the diffused shape of the hole and has a higher effectiveness value in a wider region on the wall. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A large eddy simulation of an airfoil turbulent wake subjected to streamwise curvature
Authors: Farsimadan E. , Mokhtarzadeh‐Dehghan M. R.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents large eddy simulations (LES) of the curved wake of an airfoil. The wake was generated by placing a NACA0012 airfoil in a uniform stream of air, which is then subjected to an abrupt 90° curvature created by a duct bend. The trailing edge of the airfoil is one chord length upstream of the bend entry. The duct cross‐section measures 457 mm × 457 mm, and the bend has radius to height ratio of 1.17. The flow Reynolds number (1.02 × 105) is based on a mainstream velocity of 10 m/s and airfoil chord length 0.15 m. The sub‐grid scale models employed are the classical Smagorinsky, its dynamic variant and the dynamic kinetic energy transport. The performance of LES in depicting the experimental flow is assessed and compared with results predicted by the Reynolds stress model (RSM). The results show the advantages of LES over Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes methods in predicting convex wall separation in strongly curved ducts on relatively coarse grids. Results from LES on a considerably finer near‐wall‐resolved grid lead to much improved comparison with the experimental data in the near wake, bettering predictions by RSM and LES on the coarse grid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational framework for the regularized 20‐moment equations for non‐equilibrium gas flows
Authors: Mizzi S. , Gu X. J. , Emerson D. R. , Barber R. W. , Reese J. M.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents a framework for solving the regularized 20‐moment equations consisting of a set of transport‐like governing equations, the required constitutive closure, re‐casting of the equations in second‐order partial derivative form and derivation of additional wall boundary conditions. Couette flow results reveal that good agreement occurs between the 20‐moment equations and direct simulation Monte Carlo data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Invariant numerical methods
Authors: Dawes A. S.
Published: February 2008

The discretization of partial differential equations can produce numerical errors, and in particular symmetry errors. Typically the symmetry is fitted into the numerical method based on the relative merits of physically aligning the mesh, solving in the natural coordinate frame or modifying the truncation error. In this paper we will consider two alternative approaches developed from capturing the underlying symmetries, inherent in the partial differential equations, in the numerical method. The invariant numerical methods are developed from the extension of Lie group theory to discretized equations using discrete invariants and the technique of invariantization for the heat equation. Their performances against more traditional schemes will be presented. © British Crown Copyright 2008/MOD. Reproduced with permission. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two remarks on a paper by Sani et al.
Authors: Rempfer Dietmar
Published: February 2008

In Sani et al. (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2006; 50:673–682), the authors claim to provide a proof of well‐posedness for certain formulations of the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flow. We consider the proof of their main Theorem 1 incomplete, and point out some inconsistencies in the above paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast and robust fictitious domain method for modelling viscous flows in complex mixers: The example of propellant make‐down
Authors: Coesnon Benjamin , Heniche Mourad , Devals Christophe , Bertrand François , Tanguy Philippe A.
Published: February 2008

This work deals with the development of a fast three‐dimensional numerical strategy for the simulation of viscous fluid flow in complex mixing systems. The proposed method is based on a distributed Lagrange multiplier fictitious domain method and the use of the low‐cost MINI finite element. Contrary to the previous fictitious domain method developed by our group a few years ago, the underlying partial differential equations are solved here in a coupled manner using a consistent penalty technique. The method is discussed in detail and its precision is assessed by means of experimental data in the case of an agitated vessel. A comparison made with our existing fictitious domain method and its decoupled Uzawa‐based solver clearly shows the advantages of resorting to the MINI finite element and fully coupled solution strategy. The new technique is then applied to the simulation of the flow of a Newtonian viscous fluid in a three‐blade planetary mixer in the context of the production of solid propellants. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conformal Petrov–Galerkin method for convection‐dominated problems
Authors: Delsaute B. , Dupret F.
Published: February 2008

In this paper, we present the ‘conformal Petrov–Galerkin’ (CPG) method in order to solve the 2D convection–diffusion equation on meshes composed of triangular elements. By ‘conformal’ it is meant that the discrete system is obtained from the continuous weak formulation by appropriately selecting different finite‐dimensional subspaces for the shape and test functions without any additional stabilizing term. Our approach is based on searching continuous test functions that provide exact nodal values for a selected class of solutions. This method induces a stabilizing upwinding effect that removes the wiggles obtained with the Galerkin method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.