bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risks Associated with the use of Performance-Enhancing Stimulants
Authors: Balykova L. A. , Makarov L. M. , Ivyanskiy S. A. , Varlashina K. A.
Published: July 2021

The number of people involved in regular exercise and sports is increasing. Not infrequently, this is associated with intake of sports biologically active food supplements (BAS) and stimulators of physical ability. Data has been reported on the frequency of use of physical ability stimulators among professional athletes and on the use of the most popular food supplements among young people. Special attention is paid to the effect of such use on the cardiovascular system of athletes. This review describes negative cardiac effects and clinical cases of death of athletes due to the use of such supplements and stimulators.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemias and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Susekov A. V.
Published: July 2021

Along with increased levels of low-density cholesterol, lipid factors of the risk of cardiovascular complications (CVC) include hypertriglyceridemia, particularly increased plasma levels of remnant particles. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) are essential for normal functioning of cell membranes, retina, nerve tissue, skeletal muscles, etc. Among the large family of fatty acids (FA), eicosapentaenoic (EPC) and docosahexaenoic (DHX) FA are most studied. The beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFA consumption on the cardiovascular system is related with improvement of blood rheology, antiarrhythmic and anti-inflammatory effects, and a decrease in triglycerides. Large randomized studies of ω-3 PUFA (mixed EPC and DHX or only EPC) have demonstrated their efficiency and safety and a capability for reducing the incidence of CVC and sudden death as well as improvement of the prognosis in various patient populations. In the STRENGTH study (combination of omega-3 and statins), no significant decrease in the risk of CVC was achieved in patients with high triglycerides and low high-density lipoproteins. The ω-3 PUFA treatment is regulated by current international Guidelines and Consensuses as a part of combination therapy with statins for reduction of the risk of CVC and correction of pronounced hypertriglyceridemia.
Eugenesia y educación sexual en México: 1882-1934
Authors: Ramírez González1 Karen
Published: July 2021

The work presents the institutionalization of sex education and eugenics in Mexico between 1882 and 1934. The study focuses on the factors that allowed the emergence of ideas about racial improvement among liberal and conservative Catholic elites; examines the roots of sexual education development as a pedagogical and institutional project; and explains the reasons for the opposition of the Catholic Church against these policies. The study concludes that despite the lack of discrepancies towards eugenics and sex education at the beginning of the 20th century between the Catholic Church and the Mexican State, the abortive and sterilizing practices of the 1930s in the West produced the opposition of Pius XI towards these projects, for undermining the family and Catholic values. In Mexico this influenced the articulation of the social foundations of the Catholic Church and that sexual education could not be implemented in that period, due to the opposition of radical Catholics.
Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Ficus hispida dried fruit
Authors: Choudhury Asif , Jha Deepak Kumar , Rajashekhar U.
Published: July 2021

Background: Natural products are a valuable resource of novel bioactive metabolites and these products exist in which the anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation studies the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Ficus hispida in rat’s model.Methods: Plant material was extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Indomethacin was used as a standard drug here, which is a known potent inhibitor of PG synthesis. The carrageenin and histamine induced paw oedema were selected to represent models of acute inflammations. The test compounds and standard drugs were administered orally. After 60 minutes paw oedema was induced by giving 0.1 ml of 1% Carrageenan and 0.1 % histamine by sub-plantar administration. Paw volume-Plethysmometer by mercury displacement method, before and after 1 hr to 4 hours of carrageenan and histamine administration. Performed MTT-based cytotoxicity assay of the Ficus hispida on the RAW264.7 cell line to determine the IC50 and calculate the pro-inflammatory cytokines viz, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and compared to the LPS control.Results: The result obtained from the in-vivo study shows that the Ficus hispida has significant anti- inflammatory activity in a dose dependent manner. This effect is similar to that produced by NSAIDS such as Indomethacin. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, secreted by the cells after challenging with bacterial LPS (2 µg/ml) and subsequent treatment with 50 µg Ficus hispida has been found to reduce the production of all the three pro-inflammatory cytokines viz, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α as compared to the LPS control. The activity, in fact, is comparable to the standard NSAID Indomethacin.Conclusions: All these findings and phytoconstituents present in the extract could be the possible chemicals involved in the prevention of inflammations.
Appraisal and discernment of prevalent drug-drug interactions in patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Jacob Axa , Thomas Cristin Simon , Deore Anay , Deshpande Prasanna
Published: July 2021

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) contribute majorly to hospital admissions, treatment failures, avoidable medical complications and subsequent healthcare costs. Thus, we employ a mechanistic approach to prospectively investigate the incidence of potential DDIs in the psychiatric patients in a clinical setting.Methods: In this prospective, observational, multi centred study conducted for a span of 6 months, psychiatric inpatients (≥18 years) prescribed with 2 or more medications daily for any medical illness were included. The secured prescriptions of the inpatients selected in accordance to the inclusion criteria were then assessed for DDIs using Micromedex(TM) as a standard.Results: Of the total 400 enrolled participants, 383 (95%) of them showed at least one pDDI regardless of the severity. An average of 7.33 interactions per patient was also deduced. A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient.  Most of the interactions were of major (56.52%) and moderate severity (39.07) followed by contraindicated (2.55) and minor (1.83). Cardiovascular system (41.77%) had the highest potential to be affected due to the pDDIs identified. Trihexyphenidyl, haloperidol, promethazine, amisulpride, risperidone, divalproex, trifluoperazine, olanzapine and clozapine where among the most commonly encountered drugs in these interactions.Conclusions: A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient.  A significant association of the pDDIs with variables such as age, gender, diagnosis and total number of drugs used was identified. More studies are required to explore the overall pattern of DDIs in psychiatric patients along with their levels and correlation with different risk factors. Careful monitoring and documentation are necessary to prevent further complications thereby improving the therapeutic outcome.
Obstructed labour in a Nigerian tertiary health facility: a mixed-method study
Authors: Ubom Akaninyene Eseme , Ijarotimi Omotade Adebimpe , Ogunduyile Ifeoluwa Emmanuel , Omilakin Ayobami , Nyeche Solomon , Igbodike Emeka Philip , Emmanuel Ogunjide Olakunle , Orji Ernest Okechukwu , Ikimalo John Igemo , Adeyemi Adebanjo Babalola
Published: July 2021

Background: Obstructed labour remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the incidence, causes, complications and outcomes of obstructed labour at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria.Methods: A mixed methods approach was employed for this study. A 10-year retrospective review of all cases of obstructed labour managed at the OAUTHC, between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, was done. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted for some selected patients. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 24, while the qualitative data was analyzed with NVivo version 12.Results: The incidence of obstructed labour was 1.99%. Most of the patients were unbooked (217, 90.4%), primigravid (138, 57.5%), and either had no formal or only primary/secondary education (120, 50%). Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) was the commonest cause of obstructed labour (227, 94.6%). The most common maternal complication was wound infection (48, 20%). There were three maternal deaths, giving a case fatality rate of 1.25%. The most common foetal complication was birth asphyxia (85, 34.7%). The perinatal mortality rate was 18.8 %. From the qualitative arm of the study, reasons given by parturients who suffered obstructed labour, for avoiding hospitals for delivery, included religion, finance, fear of hospitals, faith/belief in mission homes/maternity houses, and proximity.Conclusions: Obstructed labour remains an important obstetric problem in our environment, contributing significantly to the burden of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.
Evaluation of transvaginal ultrasound role in the prediction of adenomyosis: correlation with histopathology
Authors: Hussein Naglaa Ali M. , El Rafaey Mohammed H.
Published: July 2021

Background: Adenomyosis is a common gynecologic disorder that primarily affects women of reproductive age that has reported incidence of 5-70% in surgical and postmortem specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of various transvaginal sonographic findings in adenomyosis by comparing them with histopathological results and to determine the most valuable sonographic feature in the diagnosis of adenomyosis.Methods: All transvaginal US findings were correlated with those from histologic examination. The frequency of presenting symptoms and signs of adenomyosis were evaluated. Transvaginal US depicted 10 of 12 pathologically proved cases of adenomyosis. Adenomyosis was correctly ruled out in 33 of 38 patients.Results: Transvaginal US had a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 86%, and a positive and negative predictive value of 66% and 94%, respectively. Of the 10 patients with true-positive findings at transvaginal US, the myometrium demonstrated heterogeneous with or without the presence of cysts in nine (75%) patients, linear striation in four (33.3%) patients and globular uterus in six (50%) patients. Three (25%) of 12 cases of adenomyosis had an enlarged uterus, adenomyosis was a significant association with high parity.Conclusions: Adenomyosis can be diagnosed with a considerable accuracy by transvaginal ultrasound. The most common sonographic criteria of adenomyosis are heterogeneous myometrial appearance while the most specific criteria are myometrial cysts, sub-endometrial echogenic linear striations and globular configuration of the uterus.
A case control study on behavioural risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women delivered at a tertiary care hospital in Haryana
Authors: Ohlan Sunny , Jha S. K. , Singhal Parul
Published: July 2021

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP) is one of the most common preventable causes of maternal morbidity and poor prenatal outcome. World Health Organization (WHO) has accepted up to 11 gm/dl as the normal hemoglobin (Hb) level in pregnancy. In Haryana state, the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women is 50.2% in urban areas and 58.1% in rural areas. Pregnant women are predominantly susceptible to nutritional deficiencies because of the increased metabolic demands imposed by pregnancy and its related factors. The aim and objective of the study was to determine the behavioural factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women delivering at a tertiary care hospital in Haryana.Methods: This hospital-based case control study was carried out in BPS Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat (Haryana). Study was conducted for one year. One hundred sixty-eight pregnant women were enrolled for study. Inclusion criteria for cases and controls was age of 18 years and above and residents of Sonepat district. Analysis was performed by using R statistical software.Results: The majority 57 (67.9%) of cases and 49 (58.3%) of controls were in age group of 18-24 years. Among different behavioral risk factors studied, not using bed nets, not wearing shoes consistently, eating pica and no use of the other drugs during pregnancy were significantly associated with anemia during pregnancy. However, on Multivariable Logistic regression analysis, the major behavioral risk factors for anemia were not using bed net during pregnancy (AOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 0.68-5.01), and not wearing shoes consistently during pregnancy (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 0.83-10.01). The odds of getting anaemia in pregnant mothers who reported pica during their pregnancy was AOR = 2.85 (CI: 0.90 – 10.01) than odds of mothers who did not report pica during their pregnancy.Conclusions: Consistent use of bed net, wearing shoes and not consuming pica prevent anaemia during pregnancy.
Study of association of socio-demographic characteristics with the knowledge about sex determination and preconception and prenatal diagnostic technique act among pregnant women
Authors: Dwivedi Seema , Gupta Garima , Kumari Sudha , Sharma Bandana
Published: July 2021

Background: Preconception and prenatal diagnostic technique Act was amended in year 2003 which provides for prohibition of sex selection before and after conception and for regulation of prenatal diagnostic technique.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in antenatal ward of GSVM Medical College Kanpur during the period of January to December 2019. A total of 2500 pregnant women were included and predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to get information regarding socio-demographic details of pregnant women. They were asked regarding the knowledge and attitude towards the PC-PNDT Act. Data were collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS-12. Results: In the present study, out of 2500 women, 2125 (85%) knew about sex determination while 125 (5%) knew about PNDT Act. There was significant association of occupation, education and annual income with knowledge. Majority of women know about PC-PNDT act from health staff and ultrasonography was the main technique they know to detect sex determination. Conclusions: The falling ratio of girl child is a matter of grave concern. Effective implementation of the PNDT Act in addition to spreading awareness about this act among people is the need of the hour. Educating the community will prevent the decline in sex ratio and female feticide through PC-PNDT Act.
Radical vulvectomy for a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma vulva: a case report
Authors: Nahar Kirty , Nahar Nikita
Published: July 2021

Cancer of the vulva is the fourth most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Vulvar carcinoma is a rare and aggressive gynecological malignancy. It affects elderly females, with the mean age at diagnosis being 55-60 years. Regional metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes is common. There is a high incidence of pelvic node involvement, especially in those with pathologically positive inguinal nodes. Surgery appears to be the only curative treatment option in the early stages of the disease. But in most patients, surgery is associated with considerable morbidities and psychosexual issues. Hence, in the quest for a less morbid form of treatment, multimodality approaches with various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been suggested for advanced vulvar cancers. Due to the low incidence of the disease, the level of evidence for the success of these treatment modalities is poor. Mrs. X, a 54-year-old female, P2L2 A0 presented at Apollo hospitals, Ahmedabad with a giant vulvar tumor of about 8x7 cm in size arising from anterior half of vulva involving clitoris and both labia minora. The vulval growth was initially small and had attained present size in last 15 days. She had complaints of postmenopausal bleeding per vaginum for 8 days, foul smelling discharge and itching vulva on and off for 1 month. Biopsy revealed moderate to well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MRI pelvis with contrast found suspicious lymph node in bilateral iliac vessel region and bilateral inguinal region. She underwent radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection, and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Early diagnosis, timely intervention and prompt surgical management could save the patient’s life. Histopathological report showed well differentiated SCC of vulva with no lymphnodes involvement. Depth of tumor was 12 mm and there was no lymphovascular and perineural invasion. All surgical margins and base of growth were free of tumor. According to TNM stabilization patient had SCC vulva stage IB (T1bN0M0). This patient was disease free after 18 months of follow-up. Vulvar cancer incidence is significantly high in post-menopausal and multiparous women. The most important prognostic factors are tumor stage and lymph node status. Oncological resection should be equated with functional outcome. The multidisciplinary team approach should be sought for this rare gynecological malignancy.
Prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis in a known case of rheumatic heart disease at 37 weeks pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Nahar Kirty , Nahar Nikita
Published: July 2021

Pregnancy with prosthetic valve is a challenging situation since this is a hypercoagulable state and maintenance of anticoagulation for prosthetic valves becomes difficult due to the teratogenic effects and altered pharmacokinetics of anticoagulant drugs. Despite adequate anticoagulation, the incidence of prosthetic valve thrombosis has been estimated as 4% to 14% during pregnancy. Management decisions for this life-threatening complication are complex. Open-heart surgery has a very high risk of maternal mortality and fetal loss, especially in early pregnancy. Furthermore, bleeding and embolic risks associated with thrombolytic agents, the limited efficacy of thrombolysis in certain subgroups, and a lack of experience in the setting of pregnancy raise important concerns.  Mrs. X, a 36-year-old, gravida 3, para1+1 with 37 weeks pregnancy presented at Apollo hospitals, Ahmedabad in emergency department with complaints of severe dry cough and breathlessness for 24 hours. On through workup, she was diagnosed as mitral valve thrombosis in a known case of rheumatic heart disease post mitral valve replacement at 37 weeks pregnancy with late onset fetal growth restriction. After multi-speciality consultation she underwent thrombolytic therapy followed by high-risk emergency caesarean section. She delivered healthy male child, weight 2.21 kg and was discharged on 4th post-op day. Management of pregnant patients with mechanical valves is complex, especially when valve thrombosis and other complications occur. Multidisciplinary approach is essential and, in this case, led to successful maternal and foetal outcome.
NOS 'ESTRATOS DO TEMPO', UMA ESCRITA DE PRÓPRIO PUNHO: IDENTIDADES E REPRESENTAÇÕES NUMA CARTA DE IMIGRANTE (ANTÔNIO PRADO/RS)
Authors: Ciconetto Bernardi Manuela , Marques de Freitas Aline , Luchese Terciane Ângela
Published: July 2021

Estudo de identidades e representações produzidas pela análise da carta do imigrante italiano Pedro Da Poian, redigida em 1974, em Antônio Prado, Rio Grande do Sul. Procedemos à análise do discurso a partir de Orlandi (1996, 2003) e Payer (2009) em diálogo com História Cultural. A carta narra uma história dos imigrantes e faz um breviário geral do processo, apresentando um jogo de representações:  história e memória. Publicada nas comemorações do centenário de Antônio Prado, foi recebida pelos pradenses como sua identidade, reafirmando representações coletivas. Assim, a memória é apropriada e intenta fixar identidades e representações desejadas da imigração italiana.
APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE MICHEL FOUCAULT E O FEMINISMO PÓS-ESTRUTURALISTA DE DONNA HARAWAY, JUDITH BUTLER E MARGARET MCLAREN SOBRE A SEXUALIDADE E A PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Verona Stéfani Oliveira
Published: July 2021

O pós-estruturalismo é uma vertente que pensa as relações interpessoais através da crítica ao presente, ao modo que a produção do conhecimento acontece e através da busca por encarar a escrita da história a partir de sujeitos deslocados ou marginalizados. Desta forma, este artigo busca fazer uma aproximação entre o pensamento de Michel Foucault com as publicações feministas pós-estruturalistas de Donna Haraway e Judith Butler, em torno dos conceitos de sujeito, da produção do conhecimento e da sexualidade. Os três autores citados convergem suas análises ao considerar os saberes locais e subjetivos importantes componentes para o desenvolvimento do “intelectual específico”, frente à produção de um conhecimento que é julgado universal e que exclui certos sujeitos de sua produção, como as mulheres.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO PARA O EXERCÍCIO DA CIDADANIA EM UM REGIME DEMOCRÁTICO NO PENSAMENTO DE ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA
Authors: Eschriqui Vieira Pinto Jorge
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisa o pensamento do educador, intelectual e gestor público Anísio Spínola Teixeira (1900-1971) sobre o papel relevante da Educação para uma formação voltada para o exercício da cidadania e a constituição de uma cultura política de valorização do Estado Democrático de Direito. Nesse sentido, a escola pública seria um elemento primordial para a mudança da realidade histórica do país de exclusão social e política de grande parcela da população nacional, desconhecimento dos direitos e deveres pelos cidadãos e desprestígio e ataque à democracia. Para o autor, a Educação tem a tarefa fundamental de propiciar os aprendizados, as experiências, as condições elementares e os instrumentos didático-pedagógicos necessários para a valorização e a utilização consciente dos mecanismos institucionais e meios legais proporcionados por um regime democrático para o exercício da cidadania.
UMA ESCRITORA DA HOSPITALIDADE: AS IMAGENS DA ESCUTA DE SVETLANA ALEKSIÉVITCH
Authors: Grazziotin Portal João Camilo
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo procura tecer contribuições para a teoria da escuta e da hospitalidade. A partir da obra de Svetlana Aleksiévitch, busca-se analisar a sua postura em relação aos testemunhos e a inscrição da escuta enquanto elemento linguístico de hospitalidade e acolhimento em relação ao trauma. Para tanto, procuramos dialogar com a teoria do reconhecimento de Judith Butler, a hospitalidade de Derrida e a teoria das imagens de Didi-Huberman. Assim, foi analisado um pouco do seu processo de escrita imagética, enquanto produtora de discursos sensíveis de alteridade a partir de violências extremas. Os recursos imagéticos, enquanto atos de inscrição do sensível na linguagem, foram vinculados à narrativa traumática, e buscam trabalhar as potencialidades da autora no que diz respeito à escrita.Palavras-chave: Svetlana Aleksiévitch; hospitalidade; trauma; escrita visual; catástrofe
Fungal strains for mycological production of citric acid
Authors: Yadav Subedar
Published: July 2021

Citric acid has become an important raw material for general industrial use with many varied and expanding applications such as iron, steel, treatment and conditioning of industrial water supplies, preparation of alkyl resins, paints and in the printing of calico and textile industries. Mycological Production of citric acid includes preparation and sterilization of different media, culture medium, and seedling of culture tube, incubation of culture tubes, determination of citric acid formed and molasses left unfermented during the course of present investigation. The Present work deals mainly selection of potent strains of fungus.
Development and validation of pimavanserin tartrate by normal phase- HPTLC method
Authors: Mojeeb Gulzar Khan Mohammad , Vivek Laxman Pawar , Talib Abdul , Dinkar Firke Sandip , Kalaskar Mohan G , Arun Shirkhedkar Atul
Published: July 2021

For the determination of pimvanserin tartrate in bulk and formulation, a rapid and simple High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography at 226 nm was developed and validated. The determination was carried out on thin coated aluminum backing plates covered with 200 mm layer of silica gel G 60 F254 (10×10 cm) plate as stationary phase and using a mobile phase of methanol: chloroform: trimethylamine (4:6:0.1 v/v/v) respectively. With a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.998, the development of pimvanserin tartrate was linear in the range of 0.7 to 4.2 µg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 7.68 ng/spot while the limit of quantification was found to be 23.28 ng/spot. The percentage label claim of pimvanserin tartrate in bulk and formulation was found to be 99 – 101 %. The percentage found in the formulation shows that no effect of excipient on drug. The conducted procedure has the benefit of being simple and quick. As a result, it can be used to examine pimvanserin tartrate in pharmaceutical formulations.
EL ARQUEÓLOGO COMO HISPANISTA. 150 AÑOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA ALEMANA EN ESPAÑA
Authors: Schattner Thomas
Published: July 2021

Desde una perspectiva histórica se analizan en tres apartados las distintas y variadas aportaciones de la intelectualidad alemana a la Cultura y especialmente al estudio de las Antigüedades hispánicas. Son sobre todo arqueólogos, prehistoriadores, historiadores, epigrafistas, pero también filólogos, historiadores de arte y otros tantos más. Les une su interés por los problemas científicos, pero además, desarrollaron y desarrollan hasta el día de hoy un especial interés que se extiende hacia el país y su gente y que los convirtió, de esta manera, en hispanistas.
NUEVAS APORTACIONES AL ANÁLISIS ARQUEOLÓGICO DEL CASTILLO DE ALCARAZ (ALBACETE)
Authors: Soria Combadiera Lucía , González Ballesteros José Ángel , Sanz Almendros Sonia
Published: July 2021

El proyecto de desarrollo rural, en el marco territorial de la Sierra de Alcaraz y Campo de Montiel, supuso el inicio de la investigación de los contextos arqueológicos de la fortaleza de Alcaraz. Este enclave fue cabeza de comarca de un importante distrito en la Edad Media. Se presenta un primer balance de los resultados obtenidos, a partir de distintos criterios de actuación. Cuestiones iniciales que pretenden establecer una serie de parámetros sobre las técnicas constructivas, el origen de la fortificación y la configuración de su recinto amurallado.
LA INSTITUCIÓN PARROQUIAL CATÓLICA EN EL ANTIGUO RÉGIMEN. PROPUESTA DE ANÁLISIS Y ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN
Authors: Gómez Navarro Mª Soledad
Published: July 2021

Este artículo pretende un doble objetivo. Por un lado, presentar la institución parroquial de la España moderna de un modo bastante desapercibido —por no afirmar inédito— en la historiografía especializada cual es explorarla en su doble, genuina y paritaria identidad de parroquia e Iglesia parroquial, esto es, como jurisdicción —primera noción—, y templo propiamente dicho —la segunda— y, en este caso, tanto como compendio de las diferentes instituciones eclesiásticas que alberga en su seno —“institución de instituciones” sería así la Iglesia parroquial—, cuanto en sí misma, pues también es institución, como se verá. En esta perspectiva de análisis asimismo la academia ha reparado muy poco, por no decir nada, lo que supone también evidente contribución de este texto al conocimiento especializado. Por otro lado, analizar la abundante producción científica que avala la conceptualización indicada y que muestra, efectivamente, la novedad de esta aportación. Son sus dos partes, posibles por el seguimiento de una metodología esencialmente cualitativa y comparada, y que abrochan unas reflexiones finales a modo de conclusión.
BEATERIO DE ARREPENTIDAS DE SANTA MARÍA LA BLANCA, SEGÚN SUS CONSTITUCIONES (SIGLOS XVI Y XVII
Authors: Aguado Sánchez Mª Elena
Published: July 2021

Las reglas que regían las mancebías en el siglo XVI obligaban a las meretrices a dejar de trabajar en Cuaresma y Semana Santa. Durante este tiempo se recogían en hospitales o en casas honestas y acudían a las iglesias donde por medio de los sermones eran invitadas a dejar su oficio y comenzar un camino de conversión. Ante la demanda de un lugar donde poder recoger definitivamente a estas mujeres, que querían dejar la prostitución, el cardenal Juan Martínez de Silíceo fundó en Toledo una institución benéfica para tal fin. Fue ubicada en la judería, en unas casas junto a la capilla de Santa María la Blanca la antigua sinagoga convertida al culto cristiano que formaba parte de sus instalaciones. Estas mujeres ingresaban de forma voluntaria, se las instruía, y cuidaban de que no volviesen a tener relación con su vida anterior. Esta institución, establecida como colegio de Nuestra Señora de la Piedad, fue conocida popularmente como beaterio de santa María la Blanca o Refugio de la Penitencia. El fin de este trabajo es conocer los inicios de este lugar y la forma de vida de las mujeres que lo habitaron, por medio del estudio de sus constituciones.
DEL POZO A LA AVENIDA. ADOLPHE DESOIGNIE, UN INGENIERO DE MINAS POLIFACÉTICO EN LAS INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE LA ASTURIAS DEL XIX
Authors: Muñiz Sánchez Jorge
Published: July 2021

Los ingenieros de minas, especialmente en el siglo XIX español, fueron un tipo de técnico en general bien dispuesto a ensanchar el espectro de sus actividades más allá de la producción de carbón, en labores auxiliares de esta en muchos casos y más alejadas en otros, como el que nos ocupa. Adolphe Desoignie fue un ingeniero que aplicó su saber a las minas, pero también ejerció la ingeniería civil en las comunicaciones terrestres y marinas, el urbanismo o el saneamiento de la villa de Avilés y de la provincia de Asturias a mediados del XIX, cuando la industrialización y la modernización en general avanzaban parejas y a trompicones. Él tomó parte en ambos desarrollos y dejó su impronta
LA FORJA DEL PATRIMONIO DE FRANCISCO ROMERO ROBLEDO
Authors: Fernández Paradas Mercedes , García Ariza Francisco José
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación analiza una faceta hasta ahora desconocida sobre Francisco de Paula Romero Robledo, una de las figuras más relevantes de la política nacional española de la segunda mitad del ochocientos y comienzos del novecientos. Nos referimos a cómo forjó su patrimonio, sirviéndose en buena medida de sus relaciones de parentesco, clientelares y de amistad. Las vías de conformación de su patrimonio fueron las siguientes: 1) Las herencias recibidas; 2) Su matrimonio con María Josefa Zulueta Samá, hija de Julián Zulueta y Amondo, comerciante de esclavos y fabricante de azúcar en Cuba; 3) Las compras de fincas rústicas y urbanas; y, 4) Su participación en empresas con actividades muy diversas, entre las que destacó sobremanera la Sociedad Azucarera Antequera, empresa que fundó en 1890. Asimismo, hemos constatado su interés por gestionar su patrimonio. Nos hemos basado principalmente en documentación inédita, conservada en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Antequera y el Archivo de Protocolos Notariales de Madrid.
CRÓNICAS INMIGRANTES DEL SUEÑO AMERICANO. VÍNCULOS HISTÓRICOS ENTRE LA DIÁSPORA PORTUGUESA Y SU PRENSA EN ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Pena Rodríguez Alberto , Formoso David
Published: July 2021

Desde sus orígenes a finales del siglo XIX, la prensa portuguesa en Estados Unidos ha sido un medio relevante de comunicación social entre los inmigrantes. Por medio de la recopilación de elementos de análisis de carácter simbólico y paradigmático provenientes de varias fuentes hemerográficas o de archivo, este artículo intenta analizar esencialmente el rol informativo e instructivo de este fenómeno periodístico desde una perspectiva histórica, centrada en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, cuando la producción de periódicos en portugués adquirió cuantitativamente mayor relevancia.
POSICIONAMENTOS CONTRA DIREITOS HUMANOS: A REALIDADE BRASILEIRA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DECOLONIAL
Authors: Mendanha Cruz Matheus
Published: July 2021

La reflexión propuesta tiene como punto de partida la ganancia de espacio que la difusión del discurso contra los Derechos Humanos ha ganado en el Brasil actual. Esta reflexión se convierte en central para la comprensión de los posicionamientos de los medios que colocan a la militancia pro derechos humanos como defensores fuera de la ley, lo que acaba por rebajar, frente al propio sentimiento de humanidad, el acusado por crímenes y, en consecuencia, el militante. Además de este aspecto, el presente trabajo se basa en conceptos como Cultura Histórica y Cultura Política para explicar la dinámica de las ideas acerca de este tema en la sociedad brasileña. Dentro de ese proceso, la ciencia de la historia permite la reflexión sobre la utilización del pasado, experiencia que da sentido y orienta el posicionamiento en el presente. La conclusión es que tales discursos contra los Derechos Humanos y consecuentemente, contra la Democracia, son consecuencia de la construcción colonial de Brasil.
El rol del mármol en la configuración del paisaje epigráfico de Tarraco
Authors: Ruiz Julio C.
Published: July 2021

En este artículo realizamos un estudio de los programas epigráficos de los edificios públicos en Tarraco durante el periodo altoimperial, centrándonos en el soporte y concretamente en los materiales lapídeos en que están realizadas las inscripciones. Nuestro objetivo es valorar el papel que ejerció el mármol lunense como materia prima en contraposición a otras rocas ornamentales, tanto de carácter local como importado. Como resultado, ponemos de manifiesto que este material sirve como indicador socioeconómico, puesto que fue utilizado para la elaboración de las inscripciones relacionadas con los individuos más privilegiados de los espacios y edificios públicos de mayor importancia en la capital de la provincia Hispania citerior.
Novelas, cuplés, postales y cine: una aproximación a las representaciones erótico-pornográficas durante la Segunda República Española
Authors: Guillén Lorente Carmen
Published: July 2021

El presente texto analiza el incremento experimentado por las representaciones erótico-pornográficas durante la Segunda República al hilo de las particularidades contextuales de apertura que tuvieron lugar entonces. La hipótesis de trabajo sitúa el esplendor de la sicalipsis española en este periodo favorecido por un escenario político permisivo que aumentó la edición de dichas publicaciones. A partir de la prensa y la literatura de la época se examina en primer lugar el paisaje cultural español atendiendo, específicamente, al desarrollo de la sexología como expresión del interés suscitado por el binomio sexo/sexualidad. A continuación, se estudiará el surgimiento y desarrollo de la noción pornografía discurriendo por su complejidad terminológica para, finalmente, indagar en todo el espectro de representaciones pornográficas que entonces comprendían la fotografía, el cine, la novela sicalíptica, las revistas licenciosas y el teatro.
El acoso terrorista al centro-derecha durante la Transición a la democracia. El aislamiento político de la Unión del Centro Democrático en el País Vasco
Authors: Montero Manuel
Published: July 2021

Este artículo estudia el impacto que durante la Transición tuvo el terrorismo en el centro-derecha del País Vasco. Tiene en cuenta el acoso de ETA a UCD y las formas que adoptó la propagación del terror, entre ellas las derivadas de los silencios sociales y de los apoyos que obtuvo. En las postrimerías del franquismo, la presión terrorista hizo que disminuyese la presencia pública de este ámbito ideológico, gestando así deficiencias en el pluralismo político vasco. En este proceso influyeron algunos conceptos: la relativización del terrorismo, entendido como una parte más del juego político, y la idea generalizada de que el principal medio para reducirlo era la adopción de medidas autonomistas, lo que incrementó su influencia en el proceso de descentralización. Al aislamiento del centro político contribuyeron planteamientos de los grupos antifranquistas, para los que los avances democráticos y autonómicos eran logros arrancados, no metas compartidas.
Conjunctival flap with auricular cartilage grafting: a modified Hughes procedure for large full thickness upper and lower eyelid defect reconstruction
Authors:   Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Chen Ben , Liu Jia ,   Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Zhu Xiu-Ying ,   Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Lin Yan-Yan ,   Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Ma Ying-Jie ,   Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Chen Xi ,   Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: July 2021

AIM: To investigate the suitability of a modified Hughes procedure, which consists of conjunctival flap with auricular cartilage grafting in reconstructing large full thickness upper and lower eyelid defect.
METHODS: Patients with full thickness eyelid carcinoma involving more than 50% margin length who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed in the study. The defects were reconstructed using conjunctival flap with auricular cartilage grafting, covered with myocutaneous flap above. Followed-up time ranged from 12 to 24mo. Outcomes were classified as “good”, “fair”, and “poor” by evaluating the margin appearance, eyelid appearance, and complications.
RESULTS: A total of 42 patients were enrolled in the study (26 males, 16 females, mean age, 68.6±7.7y, range: 53 to 82y). The mean defect widths measured 23.2±2.9 mm (range, 17 to 28 mm). The mean posterior lamellar defect height was 5.5±1.3 mm (4 to 8 mm). Thirty-seven patients had a “good” outcome (88.1%), 5 patients had a “fair” outcome (11.9%), and no one had a “poor” outcome.
CONCLUSION: Conjunctival flap with auricular cartilage grafting and myocutaneous flap grafting is an effective procedure in reconstructing large full thickness upper and lower eyelid defect. It can not only achieve satisfied reconstruction, but also preserve intact tarsal plate of the opposite eyelid, avoiding retraction or entropion.
Progression rate to primary angle closure following laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle-closure suspects: a randomised study
Authors:   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Mou Da-Peng , Fan Su-Jie ,   Beijing Ophthalmology&Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China, Peng Yi ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Wang Ning-Li ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Thomas Ravi ,   Handan Eye Hospital, Handan 056001, Hebei Province, China; Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane 4343, Australia
Published: July 2021

AIM: To report the progression rate (PR) to primary angle closure (PAC) following laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in PAC suspects (PACS).
METHODS: Prospective, randomized controlled interventional clinical trial conducted at the Handan Eye Hospital, China. Totally 134 bilateral PACS, defined as non-visibility of the posterior trabecular meshwork for ≥180 degrees on gonioscopy were randomly assigned to undergo LPI in one eye. Gonioscopy and Goldmann applanation tonometry were performed prior to, on day 7 and 12mo post LPI.
RESULTS: Eighty of 134 patients (59.7%) could be followed up at one year. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in treated eyes was 15.9±2.6 mm Hg at baseline, 15.4±3.0 mm Hg on day 7; 16.5±2.9 mm Hg at one month, and 15.5±2.9 mm Hg at 12mo; the IOP in untreated eyes was similar (P=0.834). One or more quadrants of the angle opened in 93.7% of the LPI treated eyes, but 67.0% (53/79) remained closed in two or more quadrants. The PR to PAC in untreated eyes was 3.75% and one developed acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG); the PR to PAC in treated eyes was 2.5% and none had developed peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) or AACG.
CONCLUSION: LPI can open some of the occludable angle in the majority of eyes with PACS, but 67% continue to have non-visibility of the trabecular meshwork for over 180 degrees.
Comparison of the SITA Faster–a new visual field strategy with SITA Fast strategy
Authors:   The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China, Qian Chao-Xu , Cun Qing ,   The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China, Tao Yi-Jin ,   The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China, Yang Wen-Yan ,   The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China, Yang Yue ,   The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China, Hu Zhong-Yin ,   The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China, Zhu Ying-Ting ,   Tissue Tech, Inc., 7300 Corporate Center Drive, Suite B, Miami, FL 33126, USA, Zhong Hua ,   The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
Published: July 2021

AIM: To compare visual field defects using the Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) Fast strategy with SITA Faster strategy, a newly developed time-saving threshold visual field strategy.
METHODS: Ninety-three participants (60 glaucoma patients and 33 normal controls) were enrolled. One eye from each participant was selected randomly for the study. SITA Fast and SITA Faster were performed using the 24-2 default mode for each test. The differences of visual field defects between the two strategies were compared using the test duration, false-positive response errors, mean deviation (MD), visual field index (VFI) and the numbers of depressed test points at the significant levels of P<5%, <2%, <1%, and <0.5% in probability plots. The correlation between strategies was analyzed. The agreement between strategies was acquired by Bland-Altman analysis.
RESULTS: Mean test durations were 246.0±60.9s for SITA Fast, and 156.3±46.3s for SITA Faster (P<0.001). The test duration of SITA Faster was 36.5% shorter than SITA Fast. The MD, VFI and numbers of depressed points at P<5%, <2%, <1%, and <0.5% in probability plots showed no statistically significant difference between two strategies (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed a high correlation for MD (r=0.986, P<0.001) and VFI (r=0.986, P<0.001) between the two strategies. Bland-Altman analysis showed great agreement between the two strategies.
CONCLUSION: SITA Faster, which saves considerable test time, has a great test quality comparing to SITA Fast, but may be not directly interchangeable.
Open globe injuries in geriatric population in Iran: characteristics and outcomes
Authors:   Ocular Trauma and Emergency Department, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran, Zamani Maryam , Fotouhi Akbar ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran, Naderan Morteza ,   Ocular Trauma and Emergency Department, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran, Soleimani Mohammad ,   Ocular Trauma and Emergency Department, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran
Published: July 2021

AIM: To investigate the patterns and outcomes of open globe injuries in the elderly population in Iran.
METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional chart review, medical records of 248 patients (aged 60y and more) with the diagnosis of open globe injury from 2006 to 2016 were reviewed. Demographic features, type, and mechanism of open globe injury, ocular trauma score (OTS), visual acuity before and after treatment, the zone of injuries, and the associated injuries found at the presentation or thereafter were documented.
RESULTS: A total of 248 eyes of 248 patients were included. The mean age was 69.2±5.8y (range: 60-90y). Male/ female ratio was about 3:1 (187 vs 61). The three most common causes of injury were falling (25.2%), sharp objects (18.9%), and tree branches (13.9%). Penetrating injury accounted for most of the geriatric ocular trauma (50.4%), followed by globe rupture (40.3%), intraocular foreign body (IOFB; 7.3%), and perforating injury (2.0%). The median raw OTS for the population was 60.5 and the most common OTS class was 3. The injuries tend to affect zone I more than zone II and zone III. The only predictor of final visual acuity was the class of OTS (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Geriatric open globe injury should be valued specifically. The most common type of open globe injury in Iran is penetrating injuries but falling remain the main cause. The OTS class must be considered as an important predictor of final visual acuity.
Visualizing the intellectual structure and recent research trends of diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Xiao Li , Liu Qi ,   School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Peng Jun ,   The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China, Yan Jun-Feng ,   School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Peng Qing-Hua ,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
Published: July 2021

AIM: To analyze the intellectual structure and recent research trends in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and unearth potential knowledge.
METHODS: English DR publication included in this study was exported from the Web of Science Core Collection, and Chinese DR publication was exported from China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the establishment time of the database to 2019. CiteSpace and Microsoft Excel were used to visually analyze DR research, including analysis of the number of publications, highly cited publication analysis, spatial distribution analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 23 795 English studies and 11 577 Chinese studies, including 2089 studies related to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), were obtained. The data suggested the following: 1) The number of English and Chinese DR publications increased over time, and the growth rate of English publications was relatively fast. 2) The distribution of international scholars and institutions was close, while the distribution was scattered in China. Shanghai Jiao Tong University has the largest number of publications. Tien-Yin Wong was the core author with the largest number of publications. England and the United States are the core of international DR research cooperation. 3) Optical coherence tomography and risk factors are recent international research hot spots and trends. The difference is that TCM is a recent research trend under DR in China.
CONCLUSION: DR has drawn an increasing amount of attention worldwide. The focus of research in this field has shifted from tertiary type DR treatment to secondary prevention strategies which focus on the screening and monitoring of disease progression. The advantages of TCM in the prevention of DR have attracted attention, and it is worth incorporating this with Western medicine to address this challenge.