bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use and Costs of Paid and Unpaid Care for People with Dementia: Longitudinal Findings from the IDEAL Cohort
Authors: Henderson Catherine ,   on behalf of the IDEAL programme team, Knapp Martin , Martyr Anthony , Gamble Laura D. , Nelis Sharon M. , Quinn Catherine , Pentecost Claire , Collins Rachel , Wu Yu-Tzu , Jones Ian R. , Victor Christina R. , Pickett James A. , Jones Roy W. , Matthews Fiona E. , Morris Robin G. , Rusted Jennifer , Thom Jeanette M. , Clare Linda
Published: January 2022

Background: The drivers of costs of care for people with dementia are not well understood and little is known on the costs of care for those with rarer dementias. Objective: To characterize use and costs of paid and unpaid care over time in a cohort of people with dementia living in Britain. To explore the relationship between cohort members’ demographic and clinical characteristics and service costs. Methods: We calculated costs of health and social services, unpaid care, and out-of-pocket expenditure for people with mild-to-moderate dementia participating in three waves of the IDEAL cohort (2014–2018). Latent growth curve modelling investigated associations between participants’ baseline sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics and mean weekly service costs. Results: Data were available on use of paid and unpaid care by 1,537 community-dwelling participants with dementia at Wave 1, 1,199 at Wave 2, and 910 at Wave 3. In models of paid service costs, being female was associated with lower baseline costs and living alone was associated with higher baseline costs. Dementia subtype and caregiver status were associated with variations in baseline costs and the rate of change in costs, which was additionally influenced by age. Conclusion: Lewy body and Parkinson’s disease dementias were associated with higher service costs at the outset, and Lewy body and frontotemporal dementias with more steeply increasing costs overall, than Alzheimer’s disease. Planners of dementia services should consider the needs of people with these relatively rare dementia subtypes as they may require more resources than people with more prevalent subtypes.
New progress in international nanotechnology research in the past ten years – visual analysis based on CitesSpace
Authors: Ma Yadong
Published: January 2022

With the continuous development of high-tech industry, Moore’s law is close to the limit. People urgently need nano science and technology to trigger a new scientific and technological revolution to meet the needs of life, military and so on. Nanotechnology covers almost all industries and has made achievements in the industries such as medical, materials, manufacturing, and information technology. It has changed the production and life of human beings and subverted many industries. In recent years, more and more people have conducted data mining on nanotechnology research. By combing the literature, this paper summarizes the core authors, keyword changes, important authors and emergent words of the existing literature. Contributing to analyzing the research status of this field and revealing research hotspots in this field. It is of great significance for scholars to sort out the development process of nano field and predict the future development trend. Using CitesSpace bibliometric analysis software, 44002 pieces of literature about nanotechnology in SCI and SSCI journals in the core collection of the Web of Science database were analyzed in this paper. The results indicated that countries such as the United States, Germany, China, and Japan have issued more articles; However, the centrality of articles published in European countries such as the UK, Germany, and France was relatively strong; High-yield units mainly included Chinese Acad Sci and Russian Acad Sci; The main research scholars were Wei Wang, Peixuan Guo, Thomas J Webster, Hao Yan; Research emergent words primarily included polymer, particle, dynamics, mechanical properties and silver nanoparticle. On this basis, countermeasure suggestions and prospects are proposed.
Service supplier selection under fuzzy and stochastic uncertain environments
Authors: Liu Meng , Wang Xiaolin , Li Yupeng
Published: January 2022

Owing to the heterogeneity and inherent uncertainty of services, the selection of service suppliers is a complicated multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem in which fuzzy criteria and stochastic criteria coexist. During the past few decades, many real-world supplier selection problems have been resolved using MAGDM methods. Nevertheless, extant research on supplier selection considers either fuzzy criteria or stochastic criteria, and hence most of these methods cannot address the complex and unstructured nature of contemporary service supplier selection problems. In this study, a novel technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach, integrating both fuzzy criteria and stochastic criteria, is developed; in this approach, the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) cross-entropy for fuzzy criteria and the Euclidean distance for stochastic criteria are used to acquire the rankings of alternatives. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is conducted for a case study of hoisting service supplier selection, and a comparative analysis with other existing methods is performed to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
An improved ant colony algorithm based on artificial potential field and quantum evolution theory
Authors: Zhai Longzhen , Feng Shaohong
Published: January 2022

The optimal evacuation route in emergency evacuation can further reduce casualties. Therefore, path planning is of great significance to emergency evacuation. Aiming at the blindness and relatively slow convergence speed of ant colony algorithm path planning search, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed by combining artificial potential field and quantum evolution theory. On the one hand, the evacuation environment of pedestrians is modeled by the grid method. Use the potential field force in the artificial potential field, the influence coefficient of the potential field force heuristic information, and the distance between the person and the target position in the ant colony algorithm to construct comprehensive heuristic information. On the other hand, the introduction of quantum evolutionary theory. The pheromone is represented by quantum bits, and the pheromone is updated by quantum revolving door feedback control. In this way, it can not only reflect the high efficiency of quantum parallel computing, but also have the better optimization ability of ant colony algorithm. A large number of simulation experiments show that the improved ant colony algorithm has a faster convergence rate and is more effective in evacuation path planning.
Hyperparameter tuning for multi-label classification of feedbacks in online courses
Authors: Ruiz Alonso Dorian , Zepeda Cortés Claudia , Castillo Zacatelco Hilda , Carballido Carranza José Luis
Published: January 2022

In this work, we propose the extension of a methodology for the multi-label classification of feedback according to the Hattie and Timperley feedback model, incorporating a hyperparameter tuning stage. It is analyzed whether the incorporation of the hyperparameter tuning stage prior to the execution of the algorithms support vector machines, random forest and multi-label k-nearest neighbors, improves the performance metrics of multi-label classifiers that automatically locate the feedback generated by a teacher to the activities sent by students in online courses on the Blackboard platform at the task, process, regulation, praise and other levels proposed in the feedback model by Hattie and Timperley. The grid search strategy is used to refine the hyperparameters of each algorithm. The results show that the adjustment of the hyperparameters improves the performance metrics for the data set used.
Satisfaction of visually disabled users with California educational websites
Authors: Keavney Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: College and university websites in the United States are legally required to meet accessibility standards to promote equal opportunity in education for blind and visually disabled students. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are the recognized standard for website accessibility. OBJECTIVE: Determine how satisfied blind and visually disabled college and university students are with college and university websites in California, and whether compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines is a good predictor of that satisfaction. METHODS: A random sample of websites from California colleges and universities was evaluated for accessibility compliance. A stratified sample of six websites was taken from the initial sample. Thirty blind or visually disabled students performed a prescribed series of tasks on each of the six websites, then answered a Likert-format survey regarding their satisfaction with each website. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of websites did not meet the first priority accessibility criteria. Participant responses showed a majority were satisfied with websites, both compliant and non-compliant, and a strong correlation between satisfaction and accessibility compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Despite legal requirements, a majority or large minority of college and university websites in California do not meet accessibility guidelines, indicating a significant opportunity to improve the accessibility of those websites.
Nuestro desafío está en la creación de capacidades 011218
Authors: Salas Humberto
Published: January 2022

Columna de opinión
Los desafíos del comercio detallista en La Araucanía
Authors: Salas Humberto
Published: January 2022

Columnas de opinión
Estrategias pedagógicas integradas a partir del saber colaborativo con docentes Universitarios para el logro de aprendizajes significativos en estudiantes de primer año de la facultad de administración y negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile
Authors: Salas Humberto
Published: January 2022

La Universidad Autónoma de Chile cuenta con Modelo Educativo que impulsa implementación de mecanismos que aseguran la calidad y construcción de competencias profesionales basados en aprendizajes significativos, aquí se presenta el resultado de la implementación de las “Comunidades académicas” y una estrategia pedagógica integrada.
PORT-A-CATH catheter rupture: case report
Authors: de la O Escamilla Manuel , Gómez-Álvarez Rodrigo , Vergara Miranda Héctor , Garza-Cerna Jorge Adrián
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The modern management of cancer treatment requires access to the venous system repeatedly for the passage of drugs, fluids and blood components. Peripheral veins are rapidly damaged by repeated punctures and by fluids that pass through them. To solve this problem, long-term vascular accesses avoid repeated punctures. One type of long-term venous access is the Port-A-Cath, which is an implantable device usually in the chest with a central venous catheter. Case report: Next, the case of a 34-year-old female with a diagnosis of breast cancer in the right breast is presented. It is treated with a radical mastectomy, and after the procedure a port-a-cath is placed in the left subclavian route for future treatments. The first cycle of chemotherapy is performed, later the patient reports pain at the catheter placement site with increased volume and progressive increase in pain. The patient goes to her health center for an evaluation, they decide to take a chest X-ray showing the migration of the catheter. The management used was through the seldinger technique at the femoral puncture site with a 6 Fr Amplatz GooseNeck Snare Guide, with which it was possible to extract the foreign body at the level of the left brachiocephalic vein. Conclusion: The implantation of a Port-A-Cath catheter is associated with some risks in the process. Catheter and patient care should be maintained to decrease the incidence of complications.
Is Modernity Single and Universal?: Olaju and the Multilateral Modernity
Authors: Afolayan Adeshina
Published: January 2022

This essay confronts two orthodoxies at the heart of the modernity debate. The first is that modernity, which supposedly originated from the West, is a sin­gle and universal historical development. The assumption therefore is that any genuine modernity elsewhere must proceed from aping the structuratlon of western modernity. The second orthodoxy challenges the first, and coalesces around the idea of multiple modernities, which do not share the historical con­tours of western modernity. Yet, these modernities supposedly take their ini­tiatives from the original source in the West. On the contrary, I will argue that these orthodoxies ignore a critical fact of global history: The concept of the modern was shaped and reshaped within a multilateral framework of confron­tations and conflicts amongst cultures and societies, which enabled each soci­ety to creatively respond and adapt itself to the changes it confronted. I will use the Yoruba concept of olaju as a conceptual foil to reconfigure the understand­ing of this multilateral modernity. With olaju, we arrive at the conclusion that both Europe and non-Europe are complicit in the formation and configuration of what it means to be modern. It is only from this premise that the foundation of multiple modernities can properly be erected. It is also from this premise that various societies can take charge of the elements of social change as well as the power and knowledge dynamics involved in it.
A Voice Sweeter than Salt: Toyin Falola and the Construction of Subaltern Narrative Space
Authors: Weiss Ben
Published: January 2022

Gayatrl Spivak is arguably most recognized for her 1988 intervention in the dialogue of Subaltern Studies. It is within the intellectual rift of Spiva k's "Can the Subaltern Speak?" that I explore the narrative of Toyin Falola's memoir, A Mouth Sweeter than Salt. While Spivak concludes that the subaltern cannot speak be­cause of the subaltern's placement within existing knowledge production, Fa­lola's "Mouth" articulates a formation that says otherwise. Indeed, in A Mouth Sweeter than Salt, Falola's status In the subalternlty of a decolonlzlng Nigeria depicts a powerful subaltern voice with deep implications for knowledge, rep­resentation, authorial location, multifaceted identity paradox, and most of all, the tendrils of modernity.

Fundamentally, this piece argues against Spivak by constructing a case for the relative authenticity of Falola's voice, despite its incorporation into Western intellectualism. Spivak claims that the subaltern cannot speak so long as the Western academy can only relate to the other within its own investigative par­adigm of the non-Western object. Here, I frame A Mouth Sweeter than Salt, not as a Western co-opting of an indigenous voice, but rather, as an invitation to explore Falola's memoir from the position of the non-Western subject. The work also allows us to move beyond the categories of the Western and non-Western subject to seriously engage the paradox of postcolonial existence.

In granting credence to the idea of identity paradox, a close analysis of A Mouth Sweeter than Salt reveals the complexities of African subaltern voice and its dialectic with the forces of modernity. While Spivak might argue that this formulation is tainted by the motives of the West, such an interpretation of Fa­lola's memoir also builds ground to discuss alternatives to the Western archive in the development of African intellectualism. Falola's memoir stands as a tes­tament to the legitimization of oral history, micro-historical storytelling, and the disintegration of Western disciplinary divisions between history, literature, sociology, philosophy, and a host of other imported intellectual categories. By outlining the critical duality of Falola's act of subaltern speech, I hope to build a realm in which the African intellectual voice is not artificially segmented from the historical influence of modernity, but can also open discursive space to stand on its own ground.
Oríṣiríṣi àwọn Akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Kíláàsì Yorùbá fún Àjòjì àti oríṣi àwọn ọ̀nà Ìkédè wọn
Authors: Ojo Akinloye
Published: January 2022

Ijapa bo, o ni ohun ti eniyan ba moo se, bi idan nii ri. Amo sa, ki i le se ohunkohun lo dabi idan, igbaradi ati ipalemo to ye se pataki pupo. Ninu apileko yii, a o soro nipa okan pataki ninu awom eroja ti o se koko fun kiko ajoji ni ede ati asa Yoruba ni akoyege. Eroja yi ni ise ti oluko kookan gbodo se lati da orisi awon akekoo ti won wa ni kilaasi mo ati lati yara se amodaju orisi ona ti onikaluku won n gba kekoo paapaa julo ikede won. Awon itoka ti a se ninu apileko yii yoo da lorii gbogdo iriri ati akitiyan ti a ti n se fun igba die ti a ti nko orisiriawon ajoji ni ede ati asa Yoruba ni ilu Amerika. Laarin akoko yi, a ti ko awon akekoo yunifasiti ti o le nigba ni akoyege. Enikan ki i gbon tan. Yato si iriri tiwa, a o tun mulo lara imo awon ti won ti n ko ajoji ni ede ati asa Yoruba nile ati lokeere fun igba die lati fi kun gbogbo alaye inu apileko yi. Aleye awon rikan ti a ti ri pe o se koko, ti o si ti wulo ninu akiti-yan atiko awon ajoji lede ati lasa abinibi wa ni a se akojopo re sino apileko yii.
Kíkọ́ Àjòjì Ní Gírámà Èdè Yorùbá: Àkóónú Àti Ọgbọ́n-Ìkọ́ni
Authors: Adeniyi Harrison
Published: January 2022

O pon dandan lati wa ona ti awon ajoji ti won nifee lati ko ati lati mo ede Yoruba yoo gba ti yoo fi ro won lorun lai si pe kiko ede Yoruba n ko won lominu. Idi pataki ni pe ogooro ninu awon ti o fe ko ede yii ni o je wi pe ki i se fun siso nikan tabi kiko lerefee, bikose pe won fe ni imo ti o kun ti awon naa yoo fi le se bi omo bibi Yoruba. Eko gbigbona ni oro kiko girama ede je, o n fe suuru gidigidi. Nitori idi eyi, awa Oluko ede Yoruba ni lati wa ona ti yoo je ki kiko ati mimo ede Yoruba ati paapaa girama ede, dabi pe a n fi eran jeko. Ohun ti yoo je wa logun ju ninu ise yii ni pe a o wo bi a se le ko awon akekoo yii, ti won tun je ajoji, ni girama ede Yoruba lai si pe a le won sa lati ko ati lati mo ede yii. A o wo gbogbo awon ohun ti o ye ki awon akekoo mo ninu girama ede Yoruba, awon ipele ti o ye ki won ti mo on ati bi o ti ye ki a ko won ni ipele kookan. A o beere, a o si tun dahun idi ti awon ajoji fi nifee lati ko ati lati mo ede Yoruba. Gbogbo ohun ti o ye ki o wa ninu akoonu ti akekoo gbodo mo ni a o ye wo finnifinni. Leyin eyi, a o tun wo gbogbo ogbon ikoni ti a le lo ti yoo fi je ki kiko girama ede rorun fun wa lati ko, ki o si tun rorun fun awon akekoo lati mo. Leyin eyi, a o soro lekun-un rere lori bi o se ye ki a ko awon akekoo yii ni akodunnu ti yoo fi je ki ede Yoruba wu won lopolopo.
Àìgbọ́ àti àìlèsọ èdè Yorùbá àti àbáyọ fún àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà
Authors: Mosadomi Fehintola
Published: January 2022

Ohun ti o je mi logun ninu apileko yii ni bi ogooro awon omo bibi ile Yoruba ni ile Amerika ko se le so tabi gbo ede Yoruba. Akiyesi mi ni pe, oro naa dabi oro amukun-un ti eru re ti wo lati ile ni. Mo salaye wi pe ainifee ede Yoruba lokan wa lara isoro ti o n koju opolopo awon omo bibi Yoruba ti won n gbe ni Amerika. Apileko naa gba gbogbo awon omo bibi Naijiria ni imoran pe o ye ki won nifee ede Yoruba, ki won si gbaruku ti kiko ede naa, papaa nipase iranlowo fun awon akomolede Yoruba.
Kíkọ́ èdè Yorùbá Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Èdè Abínibí: Àkóónú àti ọgbọ́n Ìkọ́ni
Authors: Makinde Solomon Olanrewaju
Published: January 2022

Ninu apileko yii, mo salaye ni ekunrere lori akoonu, ogbon-ikoni, ogbon iseto, ati ilana ayewo fun awon oluko ti won n ko ede Yoruba gege bi ede abinibi. Mo safiwe iyato ti o wa laarin akitiyan awon oluko ede Yoruba gege bi ede abinibi ati awon oluko ti won n ko ede Yoruba gebe bi ede ajoji tabi ede akokunteni.
Àgbéyẹ̀wò Ipa Èdè, Àṣà, àti Lítíréṣọ̀ Yorùbá Nínú ọ̀gbagadè Ìtàn Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà
Authors: Adejumo Arinpe
Published: January 2022

Ede, asa ati litireso je mayami eta-oko to n safihan idanimo awon eniyan kan. Ni orile-ede Naijiria, ede, asa, ati litireso n ko ipa pataki ninu itan won lati igba ti won ti da ekun ariwa ati guusu papo ni odun 1914. ninu aoileko yli, a lo tiori imo ajemotan-tuntun ati tiori imo asa lati sayewo ipa ti ede, asa ati litireso n ko ninu itan, iselu, ibagbepo-eda, eto-oro-aje, esin, ati eto-eko ni orile-ede Naijiria. Arifayo ti a ri ni pe: asa duro bi aaringbungbun fun iselu. Ipo ti awon oba ko ninu iselu olona-ero Lord Lugard si fi pataki asa mule. Bi o tile je pe awon asejoba-amunisin bu enu ate lu ede Yoruba, igbende re ti mu itesiwaju ba imo ero. Litireso Yoruba naa je ohun-elo-ija fun ifi-oju-amuwaye-eni lole ni Naijiria. Imugbooro ti ise ona ise owo, ise ona-alawomo litireso, tilu-tifon, ati fiimu n mu ba eto oro aje naa je jade. Ni ikadii, apileko yil fi idi re mule pe kiko ati mimo ede, asa, ati litireso Yoruba je ohun ti o ye ki a mu ni okunkundun fun igbelaruge asa, ki a si samulo re fun idagbasoke abanikale.
"Recalling-ls-Greatest": Personal Memory and Lyricism in Toyin Falola's A Mouth Sweeter than Salt and Counting the Tiger's Teeth
Authors: Ohwovoriole Felicia
Published: January 2022

The reflective disclosure of the past is a major trend in African literature as indicated in writers like Wale Soyinka, Chinua Achebe and Ngugi Wa Thi­ong'o. Personal memory is also often employed aesthetically to mirror what is embedded in the past. Toyin Faiola the author of A Mouth Sweeter than Salt and Counting the Tiger's Teeth presents his childhood and teenage years, fam­ily history and the social and historical events of Ibadan, Ilorin and Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He also details his personal experiences as a witness to the Agbekoya rebellion of 1968-70. In presenting actions in the two self-narratives, Toyin Faiola exploits the resources of indigenous and contemporary African songs, incantatory chants and transliterated version of many lyrics. He uses the lyrics to also investigate the symbolic meaning of words used in the past and reiter­ates the prevalence of songs in Yoruba culture. The lyrics link together many themes as well as serving as an avenue for community and individual expres­sion. We have memorial songs, songs of rebellion, songs of sexuality and sa­tirical songs which mock teachers, the police and government officials. Faiola presents an inseparable relationship of mutual exchange between the oral and written traditions. However, our point of emphasis is to evaluate the context and usage of the lyrics and panegyrics in the two texts.
The Egba Council, 1899-1918: I
Authors: Biobaku S.O.
Published: January 2022

A reprint of an essay from ODO: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies, 1955, No. 2.
Coastal Yorubaland: Habitability, Inhabitance, and Inheritances
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: January 2022

Although the conference from which this Special Issue derives was convened by two prominent historians, this article is multi-disciplinary; both within and outside the boundaries of history. The purpose is to merge various ideas in different disciplines to argue that the study of Coastal Yorubaland as an important unit of analysis should, on the one hand, stand alone, and, on the other, be integrated into larger studies in all fields from Art to Zoology. For thousands of years, people have been living along the coast, experiencing interactions with the sea: they were shaped by the lagoon and sea, and they in turn shaped the coastline and waterways. The past of the coastal Yoruba people shapes their present, and this present will shape their future.In this article, I speak to the impact of the consciousness of history, the consciousness of the past, and the consciousness of self and identity on coastal Yorubaland.
Making Sense of the Yoruba Littoral
Authors: Olukoju Ayodeji
Published: January 2022

This article examines the Yoruba coast in its local and global settings. Drawing on the work by Michael Pearson, the article argues that the Yoruba littoral is by no means a monolithic community in cultural, religious and economic terms. It points out that while most Yoruba define themselves in relation to fixed settlements in the hinterland, the littoral is defined by high mobility and flexibility that stretch far beyond the boundaries associated, in the widest sense, with the Yoruba.

“[S]tudies of the littoral can contribute importantly as we try to write not only maritime, but also world, history.” Michael N. Pearson, 20061

1. Michael N. Pearson, “Littoral Society: The Concept and the Problems,” Journal of World History, 7.4 (2006): 373.
The Dynamics of Traditional Religion in the Political Economy of Ìkòrodú
Authors: Balógun Adéyẹmí
Published: January 2022

In the precolonial period, the coastal town of Ìkòrodú played a prominent role in the traffic of goods and services between traders on its coast and many Yorùbá groups who lived in the interior. While this traffic was sustained by socio-political institutions such as the Oloja and the Osugbo cult, the role of religious groups – including the Ifá priests, Màgbó, Líw`ẹ and Agẹmọ – remained highly influential because they represent the deities and spirits which shaped Ìkòrodú’s inhabitants’ views about social life, economic activities and political institutions. Ìkòrodú has, however, experienced a transformation from a traditional commercial economy into an urban center with modern industrial firms and capital infrastructures. The town has also witnessed the emergence of Muslimand Christian groups, and socio-ethnic groups from many parts of Nigeria. This transformation has not only challenged the authority of the traditional institutions in Ìkòrodú, it has also impacted on the religious beliefs and practices which underpin the socio-economic and political systems of the people. A notable example is the reduction in dates of religious festivals which Traditionalists believe were once instrumental in sustaining social order and prosperity in the town. The power of the state has also affected the responsibilities of the Traditionalists in the town. This article further shows how this transformation hasshaped relations between religious groups and the state in Ìkòrodú.
Who Owns the Central Mosque? Ethnic Identity and the Struggle for Spiritual Space in Epe, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Mudasiru Moruff
Published: January 2022

Religion and ethnicity are core attributes of identity in West Africa, and the majority of the population defines itself in relation to these values. But most studies of religious conflict in Nigeria focus on the conflicts between the two great world religions, Islam and Christianity. Equally, studies of ethnic conflict tend to focus on conflict between different language groups. This article shows that it is also important to focus on sub-ethnic difference, and the meso-level conflicts and tensions that often occur within each faith. In Epe, a coastal town in Lagos, southwest Nigeria over eighty percent of the population profess Islam, but remain distinguished as different social and ethnic sub-groups, as “Ijebu Epe” and “Eko Epe.” Over time, both groups invested in ethno-religious contestation, which led to open conflict when they were brought together in the same local Council and differed over the ownership of the only Central Mosque in the town. The study shows that the struggle for the soul of the first Epe Central Mosque at Oke Balogun between Ijebu Epe and Eko Epe was used in pursuit of both spiritual and political power, and in order to gain control over important resources. This study therefore provides empirical evidence that ethnic and group differences do affect some aspects of religious practices and can even lead to rivalry within the same religion.
Ghanaian Settlers in Orimedu: Oju Ota, Gender, and Christianity in a Coastal Fishing Community
Authors: Adewusi Adebayo
Published: January 2022

Orimedu was a relatively small coastal community in Ibeju-Lekki area of Lagos State before the area was connected to other parts of state through access roads and electricity in the late 1980s. This article traces the relationship of Orimedu, a predominantly traditionalist and Muslim community, with migrant and Christian fishermen from Ghana and from Togo over the past century or so. It explains that the Ghanaians were welcome despite their Christian identity because they simply adapted to the local religious landscape when they arrived and joined into the worship of Oju Ota, a local deity of fishermen. However, over the past three decades, the Ghanaians have established a Christian community which has been largely accepted.

The establishment of Christianity was linked to struggles over the gendered economy of the town. When it was found that the Ghanaians spent most of their profit in Ghana rather than locally, the people of Orimedu insisted that according to the covenant of Oju Ota, the fishermen should no longer sell their fish as this was traditionally regarded as a female occupation. This helped the indigenous Orimedu community to share in the profit made by the Ghanaians. However, by the 1980s and 1990s, when it became obvious that this arrangement made the local women very wealthy, the Ghanaians sought to recapture some of the profit by inviting their own wives to Orimedu to act as fish sellers and traders. This led to a more permanent presence of the Ghanaians in Orimedu, and eventually to the establishment – and acceptance – of Christian churches in the locality.
Communique Issued at the End of the First International Conference on Community, Trade and Religion in Coastal Yorubaland and Western Niger Delta, Held at Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, from 6–8 December 2016
Authors: Yoruba Studies Review
Published: January 2022

An international conference was held from December 6 to 8 2016 at Adeyemi College of Education Ondo, with the theme “Mobile Populations, Fluid Boundaries: Community, Trade and Religion in Coastal Yorubaland and the Western Niger Delta.” The conference was sponsored by the European Research Council (ERC), and jointly organized by the University of Birmingham, Osun State University, and Adeyemi College of Education.

Over a period of three days, many papers were presented, covering various topics and issues on mythologies, oral traditions, religion, making sense of the Yoruba littoral, economy and intergroup relations in the Gulf of Guinea during the 18th and 19th centuries, trade on the north eastern bank of the Lagos lagoon, history, religion and community formation, moral traditions of the Yoruba and non-Yoruba speaking groups, and many more.
The Transition from Yorùbá Metaphysics to Islamic Aesthetics in Ọláńrewájú Adépọ̀jù’s Poetry
Authors: Ogundipe Stephen Toyin
Published: January 2022

This paper explores the poetry of Ọlánrewájú Ade ́ ṕ ọ̀jù, a major contemporary Yorùbá poet, based in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Much of the scholarship on the poet focuses purely on his sociopolitical interest, but the development of his craft has been largely ignored. This paper examines peculiar features of Adépọ̀jù’s poetry based on its fusion of Yorùbá cultural and Islamic religious values with the view to theoretically characterizing his practice. It draws on purposefully selected, recorded audio poetic compositions of Adeṕ ọ̀jù produced between 1974 and 2012 in order to yield a comprehensive view of his poetics. It employs hybridity, an aspect of postcolonial theory advanced by Homi Bhabha, as a theoretical framework to analyze the texts. The essay reveals that Adépọ̀jù’s poetry grows from the simple narration of the Yorùba traditional worldview, identity, and ́ òri ̀ṣa pantheon to become an instrument of radical Islamic ideology. It concludes that the integration of the indigenous and the Islamic cultural values in the work of Adeṕ ọ̀jù results in a unique poetic idiom in Yorùbá poetry.
Social Media Marketing in the Yorùbá Video Film Industry
Authors: Alamu Olagoke
Published: January 2022

The thrust of this paper is the critical evaluation of the level of acceptance of social media marketing in the Yorùbá film industry. In this age of globalization, many film marketers across the world have abandoned traditional media in favor of online forms of communication, which enable them to share information and get feedbacks from their audience. Based on this premise, it is necessary to investigate the level of acceptance of social media as a channel for film marketing in the fledgling Yorùbá video film industry. Questionnaires were administered to fifty randomly selected marketers in Ibadan and the Lagos metropolis, where there is a high concentration of these video film personnel. The study reveals that due to technology deficiency and lack of interest many marketers have not adopted social media for marketing their film products. The ineffective implementation of the copyright law in Nigeria, which is the major bane of this industry, has also prevented the marketers from adopting the new media. The loose market structure in the industry also deters marketers from maximally utilizing the great potentials social media marketing offers. Recommendations are made for improvement.
Ẹlẹ́nu Rírì ati Àmù Ìyá Rẹ̀.
Authors: Òkédìjí Mọyọ̀ṣọ́rẹ
Published: January 2022

Arò ̀ko ̣ yi ̀i ́ se ạ yè wò ̣ ̀ i ̀di ́ abájo ̣ ti ́ orọ̀ , è ̣ rò ̀ atì ́ is̀ e Ẹ ẹ̀ ̀bó fi mú omụ ́ layá ̀ awò n olu ̣ wa ̀ ́di ǎ ti o ̀ mọ̀ we ̀ ̣ í ṣẹ-́ ọnà aláwọ du ̀ ́du ju a ́ s̀ ạ adu ̀ ́lawó lọ̀ , ni ̣ wó n i ̣̀ gba ̀ ̀ ti ́ elẹ nu ri ̣́ rí ̀ ló ni aà mu ̀ ̀ i yà ́ re.̣̀ 2 Kayè é fí ̀ yi ̀i ́ ni ó se Ọ jọ̀ gbo ̣̀ n a ̣́ gba ̀ ̀ Rowland Abió dụ́ n ti ́ wo ́ n fi oju ̣́ sú nnu ̀ ̀kun wo o ̀ rọ̀ sụ̀ nnu ̀ ̀kun la ̀ ti ko ́ ị we ̀ í ̀jiró rò ni ̀ pa ́ àkójo, ạ ̀kosó ̣ ati iru ̀ wa ́ ́ ède ̀ li ́lò ninú ́ iṣẹ-́ ọnà awò n adu ̣ ́lawo ́ , pa ̀ ̣ à pá à ́ jùlo ̣ iṣẹ-́ ọnà awò n Ka ̣ á à ró -o-o ̀ ̣ -ji ̀ ́ire. Kóko ó rò ̣ ti ̣̀ ó jé yọ ni ̣ nú í we ̀ Ba ́ ̀ba Abi ́ ó dụ́ n, ́ lehi ̣́ n i ̀ wa ̀ ́di ti ̌ wo ́ n s ̣́ e fu ̣ n n ́ ̀kan aà ́dota o ̣́ dụ n, ni wi ́ pe ́ ó ś e pa ̣ tà ̀ki là ti ni ́ ran ́ awò n i ̣ ̀jinle ̀ ọ̀ rọ̀ ti ̣̀ ó ́jẹ́ iye ̀kan ati o ̀ mọ ị yà iś ẹ ó nạ à wò n Yoru ̣ ̀ba ni ́ gba ́ tì a ba ́ ́ n peri ́ á won is ̀ ẹ ó nạ ì sè ṇ̀ ̀bayé wo ́ nyi ̀ ̣ . Á rò ̀ko se ̣ ́kéle yi ́ ̀i ji ́ ró rò wí pé ̀ ako ́ ́lòlò iran Yoru ̀ ̀bá ti ń pe baba lati o ́ jọ ́ ̣ alayé ́ ti dayé . Í gba ̀ ̀ wo ni, ati e ̀ è se ti ́ ́ won ̣ wa be ́ rẹ̀ ạ̀ s̀ ạ ̀kasạ là ti ma ́ a fi o ́ wọ ọ́ sì jù we i ́ ṣẹ-́ ọnà ile Ka ̣̀ á à ró -o-o ̀ ̣ -ji ̀ ́ire? Ǹje ọ́ ́ dájú wi ́ pé awò n Yoru ̣ ̀bá ni ́ as̀ ạ ̀lò ewạ ̀ e ̀dè tó selẹ̀ ṇ́ ́ke jọ́ fụ̀ n a ́ yè wò ̣ ̀ iṣẹ-́ ọnà wọnyí ni ̀ ́ ekụ̀ n re ́ rẹ́ ? Bi ̣́ ́ ó bá je be ̣́ é ̣, emi ni a ̣̀ wò n oju ̣ ́lowo ́ ́ ewạ ̀ èdè wonyi ̣ ? ́ Bawo ni a s ́ e le ̣ ̀ mú won lo ̣ ? Ǹ ̀je a tile ̣́ lẹ̀ ̀ ko ̣ igilango ̣ Yorùbá si ́le ni ̣̀ ́ onạ̀ ̀ ti ́ ó kun oju ́ ́ iwo ̀ n, ni ̣̀ ́ ekụ̀ nre ́ rẹ́ ạ́ ti ni ̀ ́ ohun ti ̀ ́ ó fa ogbo ̣ n yo ́ ̣ ̣ fun a ́ gbe ̀ yé wọ̀ ̀ awò n is ̣ ẹ ́ ̣ onạ ti ̀ ó gba ́ mu ́ ś ẹ wo ́ nyi ̣̀ ? Ki ́ ni e ́ rò à wò n a ̣ gba ̀ oni ̀ ś ẹ ọ nạ bi ̀ ́i Bàbá Lami ̀ ́di ̀ Fáké ̣ye ̣ nipa a ́ ̀bá ki ́ á maa fi a ́ s̀ a ạ ti e ̀ rò ̀ Eè ̀bó se ạ ̀kawe ̀ ́ ati a ̀ ̀layè ́ iṣẹ-́ ọnà awò n Yoru ̣ ̀ba? Ń ̀je ọ́ ́ bà ni àbi ́ ó ti bàje tạ́ n porongodo, ti ́ ́ asọ ọ̀ ̀ si ̀ le ba ̀ Ó mọ yẹ́ mo ̣ ? Í ̣ wò nyi ̀ ̣ ni i ̌ wò nba ko ̣̀ ́ko di ́ é ni ̣̀ nú í ̀fomi-jomi-tooro-orọ̀ ti ̣̀ ́ ó jeyọ ̣ ninú ́ arò ̀ko ̣ yi ̀i ́ nipa pabambari ́ ̀ orọ̀ ti ̣̀ ́ Baba Abió dụ́ n so ́ kale ̣̀ ni ̣̀ nú ́ iwe ̀ ́ tuntun yi ̀i.
The Landbound Chicken and the Deliberate Chameleon yet have their Uses: Yorùbá Art History, Language, and Interpretation.
Authors: Curnow Kathy
Published: January 2022

Rowland Abiodun’s Yorùbá Art and Language contains many extremely valuable features, wrapped around a question he raises in its introduction: can foreign scholars ever truly understand a work the way its Yorùbá makers and users do? Language mastery certainly provides the native speaker with access to inestimable insights regarding not only general worldview, but specifics of philosophy, history keeping, and subtleties of knowledge transmission. However, in the attempt to read an artwork and unpack its meaning, cultural in[1]siders also face obstacles as well as advantages, particularly when pieces date from the more distant past. The import of Abiodun’s major contributions regarding Yorùbá art’s history and the validity of his contentions are considered here in light of the varied contributions both foreign and Yorùbá art historians bring to Yorùbá scholarship, in the recognition that working with art of bygone centuries makes all scholars outsiders to a degree.

 

A kì í gbójú-u fífò lé adìẹ àgàgà; à kì í gbójú-u yíyan lé alágẹmọ. One should not expect the flightless chicken to soar; one should not expect the chameleon to stride.

 

Can outsiders ever truly understand a work of art the way its makers and users do? In the introduction to his book Yorùbá Art and Language: Seeking the African in African Art, Rowland Abiodun concludes that only those with a mastery of the Yorùbá language and deep cultural familiarity can interpret Yorùbá artworks effectively. His argument produces numerous salie observations and the viewing framework he creates provides an exceedingly valuable set of lenses for interpreting Yorùbá sculpture. However, the question posed above remains intriguing, and is more complex than it appears. Even when an artist and his patron live in the same community at the same time, their interpretations of a commissioned work may not be identical, so when one moves out to the analyses of art historians, Yorùbá or not, one cannot necessarily assume a third party will understand the work just as its maker and user did. Additional corollaries to the question exist as well. What are the parameters of outsider status? Do they constitute a spectrum? Do insider advantages always trump outsiders’ perceptions? These issues become even more pertinent as distance from our own era increases. While the question of outsider/insider status does not constitute the thrust of Abiodun’s book, it is a major aspect of his introduction, and thus worth considering.1 While this paper considers the unique multiple contributions of Abiodun’s book, it also argues that careful considerations of objects and context can be made by outsiders, while insiders, like all researchers, can choose to ignore elements that conflict with their own preconceptions, develop greater interest in one topic than another, generalize their known experience to the whole of Yorubaland or apply it half a millennium into the past. While these perspectives differ, one does not automatically eclipse the other.
Ọmọ Tí A Kò Kọ́: Globalization and Cultural Education among New Generation Nigerian Yorùbá
Authors: Afolayan Michael O.
Published: January 2022

This essay critically explores the semantic, phonological and philosophical implications of the sound “kọ” (build) in the Yorùbá proverb  ́ Ọmọ tí a kò kọ́ ni yóò gbé ilé tí a kọ́ tà (the child that is not taught will eventually sell the house that is built). I will read the concept behind the sound as a multi-layered, multi-semantic meta-philosophical building block which not only showcases a serious aspect of indigenous epistemology and serving as a note of caution on Yorùbá education and its sociology of filial responsibilities, but could also be deployed to interrogate the emerging youth culture of the new generation Nigerian Yorùbá in the age of globalization. The essay draws on the semantic and philosophical content of kọ́ to articulate the argument that investments on material possession are counterproductive and antithetic to investment on human capital, the epitome of which is investing on one’s child/ ren. The essay concludes that the spirituality and permanency of the kọ of the ́ child’s mind is diagonally opposed to the superficiality and transience of the kọ́ of the building, a mere structure with limited value.
The Depersonalized as Vanishing Hero and Heroine in Yorùbá Moral Placards
Authors: Lawuyi Olatunde Bayo
Published: January 2022

The paper critically examines the relationship between the idea of moral placards and the existence of Yorùbá heroes and heroines. It takes as its starting point the philosophical import of the Yoruba proverb. Ọjọ́ a bá kú là ń dère, èèyàn ò sunwọ̀n láàyè (It is on the day one dies that one becomes an idol; no one is appreciated when alive). The paper argues that in the imagination, reality, and social constructions of the Yorùbá, desirable existence would make the dead, and not a living person, a deity, hero or heroine. It further argues that because Yorùbá society permits the co-existence and co[1]extensiveness of individual and public moral placards which is not regarded as an entirely closed system, an otherwise depersonalized person can later become a hero/deity/heroine. Basically, therefore, public moral placard can be revised to accommodate new values, give rise to new class of people, and establish for them an enviable status. These arguments are then deployed to the understanding of the nature of heroes and heroines within the Nigerian post-independence polity.
Ìwà l’ẹwà: Towards a Yorùbá Feminist Ethics
Authors: Oyeleye Olayinka
Published: January 2022

This paper explores a narrative path towards foregrounding what it calls a gender-relative morality as a core dimension of female subordination. It takes a feminist approach to ethics, which stresses specifically the political enterprise of eradicating systems and structures of male domination and female subordination in both the public and the private domains. The theoretical implications of Feminist narrative ethics is then applied to the philosophical imports of Yorùbá proverbs about women as a way to tease out how female subordination is grounded in Yorùbá ontology and ethics. Spe[1]cifically, the essay interrogates the ethical and aesthetical trajectory that leads from ìwà l’ẹwà (character is beauty), a Yoruba moral dictum, to ìwà l’ẹwà obìnrin ([good moral] character is a woman’s beauty). Within this transition, there is the possibility that the woman is excluded from the category of those properly referred to as ọmọlúwàbí.
Women in Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí’s Poetry
Authors: Bolarinwa Abidemi
Published: January 2022

Women have been victims of gender ideology which, according to Hussein (2005), is a systemic set of cultural beliefs through which a society constructs and wields its gender relations and practices. Gender ideology contains legends, narratives and myths about what it means to be a man or a woman and suggests how each should behave in a society (Olabode, 2009). Women are a non-homogenous group as their status and roles in the society are determined by a complexity of factors such as being a daughter, sister, and wife; a cultic member; and the economic and political positions they hold in the market place and in local governance (Ilesanmi, 2013). Sub-ethnic variations were also reported in customs and practices such as a marriage and family life, pre-natal and post-natal practices and others. Men in various sub-ethnic (Yorùba) groups are given privileges in matters relating to power and control ́ in domestic and public spheres. Since culture is not static but rather dynamic, therefore contemporary writers are now advocating for portrayal that will extol women’s virtues, thereby bringing to the fore the indispensable roles women play in society. In order to redeem and recreate an enhanced status for women, studies about women abound in literary studies, with little attention given to issues of women in Adébayó ̀ Fa ̩ ́letí ’s poetry. Thus, using the feminist approach ex ́ - amines how women are portrayed in Fálétí’s poetry so as to establish his view about the womenfolk.
Alàgbà Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí as a Yorùbá Novelist
Authors: Adeyemi Lere
Published: January 2022

In their introduction to a book entitled: Yorùbá creativity, fiction, language, life, and songs, Falola and Genova (2005) assert that creativity among the ̣ Yorùbá has a long history and the traditions of oral histories, storytelling, performances and dramas are parts of fundamental habit of their civilization. In the pre-colonial era, the authorship of the stories in the folktales and in some poetic genres could not be claimed by any particular artist/artiste, but due to the influence of colonial rule, western literary traditions, among others, storytellers can claim authorship of their works today. The Yorùbá make no distinction between myth, legend and history. They all come under ìtàn (Ogunsina, 1992). One Yorùbá novelist that has distinguished himself in the effective use of ìtàn (story) in novel writing is Adébáyò ̣ Fálétí. He is not only a storyteller, he is a literary historian. Every creative writer in Yorùbá society is admired and judged as competent or otherwise not only by writing in the medium of the language but by having captivating story line and on the basis of his/her use of ‘quality’ Yorùbá language (i.e. language full of proverbs and other rhetoric devices). An average Yorùbá reader of Fálétí’s novels, poetry, plays and viewer of his films usually responds with delight because of his powerful use of Yorùbá language and captivating story lines, plot construct, narrative techniques and thematic contents. Isọ la (1998) classifies all other Yorùbá major novelists apart from Fágúnwà ̣ into three groups on their use of language and creative pedigree (190). According to him, “some are mere story tellers” who use mainly casual language; 154 Lere Adeyemi there are others with mixed styles and there are a few of them who creatively exploit the genius of the language. He identifies Adébáyò ̣ Fálétí among few others as belonging to the genius category. Ogunsina (1992) groups Fálétí as a prominent historical novelist who incorporates historical materials into novel writing. I agree with Ogunsina that Fálétí’s effective transfer of histori ̣ - cal materials into fiction is a revelation of the novel’s eclectic quality and also a manifestation of Fálétí’s creative genius. Fálétí’s love of ìtàn (story) is reflected in all his literary works, be it poetry, play or novel. However, our focus in this study is to examine Adébáyọ̀ ̣ Fálétí as a Yorùbá novelist through his literary lens.
Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí, Icon on Screen
Authors: Ibikunle Toluwanimi
Published: January 2022

One of the main chords through which Yorùbá cinema connects with its core target audience – the Yorùbá people both at home and in the diasporas – is the penchant of Yorùbá filmmakers to present core traditional values, mores, philosophies and customs in their works. A significant part of this presentation lies in the deliberate choice of actors whose off-screen personas already enjoy public acclamation as knowledgeable ‘masters’ or practitioners of Yorùbá culture and traditions. For over two decades of contemporary Yorùbá cinema practice, Adébáyọ̀ Fáléti ́ remained one of the most prominent and culturally renowned actors that filmmakers have used in portraying, presenting and accentuating different cultural values of the Yorùbá. Long before he became a star film actor, Adébayọ́ Fa ̀ ́leti’s impressive body of works ́ as a poet, theatre artiste, journalist, translator, broadcaster, writer and culture administrator had firmly established his vast knowledge and mastery of Yorùbá language and philosophy. In many films therefore, the appearance of Adébayọ́ ̀ Fáleti in any role, instantly and inevitably transforms that filmic ́ character into a symbol of Yorùbá cultural authenticity, depth and authority. This, arguably, is the function of the veteran Yorùbá actor Fáleti in many no ́ - table and outstanding Yorùbá films from Túndé Kèlání’s Ṣaworoidẹ (1999), Agogo Eè wọ ̀ ̀ (2002), Ẹfuń ṣetan Ani ́ wú rá ̀ (2005), Thunderbolt (2001), to Níji Àkànní’s Arà mọ ̀ tú ̀ (2010) and Muyiwa Adẹmọ́la’s OwóÒkutá (2010). This, this paper examines the manipulation of iconic significations of Adébáyọ̀ Fáleti in ́ Ṣaworoidẹ and Agogo Ẹẹwọ.