bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable Titania Nanostructures on Stainless Steel Coronary Stent Surface for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Endothelialization
Authors: Mohan Chandini C. , Cherian Aleena Mary , Kurup Sujish , Joseph John , Nair Manitha B. , Vijayakumar Maniyal , Nair Shantikumar V. , Menon Deepthy
Published: March 2017

Stainless steel (SS) coronary stents continue to present risk of in‐stent restenosis that impact its long term safety and efficacy. The present work focuses on developing a drug‐free and polymer‐less surface on coronary stents by utilizing a titania (TiO2) nanotexturing approach through hydrothermal processing, that will offer improved stent performance in vivo. Mechanically stable and durable nanotextured coatings are obtained on SS stents that also offer good corrosion resistance. In vitro vascular cell (endothelial and smooth muscle cells) studies on surface modified SS show preferential rapid endothelialization with enhanced nitric oxide production and reduce smooth muscle cell proliferation, in comparison to unmodified SS. In vivo evaluation of the nanotextured stents after subcutaneous implantation in rabbits show reduced irritability and minimal localized inflammatory response. These beneficial effects suggest that the stable, easily scalable titania nanosurface modification strategy on coronary stent surfaces can be a much cheaper alternative to drug eluting stents in addressing in‐stent restenosis.
Cobalt Tungsten Oxide Thin Films Prepared by RF‐Sputter for Photosensor
Authors: Lan Kai‐Wei , Hong Ying‐Jhan , Chang Pin , Yew Tri‐Rung
Published: March 2017

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of nonstoichiometric nanocrystalline Co2.59W0.41O4 thin film by the radio frequency (RF)‐sputter technique suitable for photosensor applications. The photoconductive characteristics of Co2.59W0.41O4 thin film are investigated by fabricating a sandwich‐structure device of p+Si/Co2.59W0.41O4 thin film/indium tin oxide with Schottky barriers. The device characteristics including responsivity, light intensity response, and time response are studied. It is found that Co2.59W0.41O4 thin film exhibits good absorption (absorption coefficient ≈104 cm−1 in visible light spectrum), relatively high responsivity (Rres = 5.427 A W−1), and fast photoresponse time including rise time (tr) = 81.04 ms and fall time (tf) = 80.67 ms. Hence, the Co2.59W0.41O4 thin film is favorable for potential photosensor applications.
Synthesis and Measurement of Cohesive Mechanics in Polydopamine Nanomembranes
Authors: Klosterman Luke , Ahmad Zeeshan , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian , Bettinger Christopher J.
Published: March 2017

Polydopamine (PDA) is a complex biomimetic material exhibiting advantageous properties of both melanin polymers and biological adhesives. These concomitant features have prompted an increasing interest in exploiting PDA for bioelectronics, smart coatings, and functional membranes. The ability to apply the rich biochemistry of melanins in structurally durable contexts will help accelerate their practical implementation and the design of next‐generation materials. Here, this paper presents approaches for manipulating the adhesion and cohesive mechanics of PDA nanomembranes. Visual recording of PDA film delamination from SiO2 substrates reveals accelerated delamination (spanning orders of magnitude from 12 h to 1 min) with increasing pH and monovalent salt concentration. Delamination is retarded for films synthesized from higher dopamine concentrations, and it is completely prevented in the presence of Ca2+. Delaminated nanomembranes exhibit orientation‐dependent underwater adhesion to polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. Elastic moduli of PDA nanomembranes are quantified by compressive thin film buckling, and the measured value of 2.0 ± 0.9 GPa supports compositional simulations of PDA. Crosslinking of primary amines within the nanomembranes by genipin is successful in increasing the modulus to 7.9 ± 2.5 GPa. These results demonstrate that the adhesive stability and elastic modulus of PDA films/nanomembranes can be controlled by synthesis and postprocessing techniques.
Emergency Medicine Morbidity and Mortality Conference and Culture of Safety: The Resident Perspective
Authors: Wittels Kathleen , Aaronson Emily , Dwyer Richard , Nadel Eric , Gallahue Fiona , Fee Christopher , Tubbs Robert , Schuur Jeremiah ,   the EM M&M Culture of Safety Research Team
Published: March 2017

Objective

Morbidity and mortality conference (M&M) is common in emergency medicine (EM) and an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirement. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of elements of EM M&M conferences that foster a strong culture of safety.

Methods

Emergency medicine residents at 33 programs across the United States were surveyed using questions adapted from a previously tested survey of EM program directors and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Culture of Safety Survey.

Results

The survey response rate was 80.3% (1,002/1,248). A total of 60.3% (601/997) of residents had not submitted a case of theirs to M&M in the past year. A total of 7.6% (73/954) reported that issues raised at M&M always led to change while 88.3% (842/954) reported that they sometimes did and 4.1% (39/954) reported that they never did. A total of 56.2% (536/954) responded that changes made due to M&M were reported back to the residents. Of residents who had cases presented at M&M, 24.2% (130/538) responded that there was regular debriefing, 65.2% (351/538) responded that there was not, and 10.6% (57/578) were unsure. A total of 10.2% (101/988) of respondents agreed that M&M was punitive, 17.4% were neutral (172/988), and 72.4% (715/988) disagreed. A total of 18.0% (178/987) of residents agreed that they felt pressure to order unnecessary tests because of M&M, 22.3% (220/987) were neutral, and 59.6% (589/987) disagreed. A total of 87.4% (862/986) felt that M&M was a valuable educational didactic session, and 78.3% (766/978) believed that M&M contributes to a culture of safety in their institution.

Conclusions

While most residents believe that M&M is a valuable didactic session and contributes to institutional culture of safety, there are opportunities to improve by communicating changes made in response to M&M, debriefing residents who have had cases presented, and taking steps to make M&M not feel punitive to some residents.
The use of a hybrid latent class approach to identify consumer segments and market potential for organic products in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Muhammad , Abdulai Awudu
Published: March 2017

Using data from a hypothetical stated preference survey conducted in Nigeria, we show how the relative importance that consumers attach to organic products’ attributes varies strongly as a function of underlying attitudes. We specify a latent class structure that allows us to jointly analyze responses to stated choice and assignment to latent classes, while avoiding measurement error problems. Our results reveal that consumers are willing to pay premium for both health and environmental gains achieved through organic production systems, although their quantitative valuation is higher for the health concerns. Furthermore, we note that individuals with stronger preferences for organic products tend to attach a global value to the certification program, whereas the valuation tends to be more restrictive among respondents that prioritize the status quo option (conventional alternative). We also observe that differences in respondents’ geographic location and level of awareness of organic food production characteristics (prior to the survey) have significant impact on consumers’ choices.[EconLit citations: D12, Q13, Q18, Q56]
Novel screening for transthyretin amyloidosis by using fat ultrasonography
Authors: Misumi Yohei , Ueda Mitsuharu , Yamashita Taro , Masuda Teruaki , Kinoshita Yumiko , Tasaki Masayoshi , Nagase Terumasa , Ando Yukio
Published: March 2017

We aimed to assess the possibility of using a noninvasive screening method for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis by means of abdominal fat ultrasonography. Quantitative analysis of ultrasound B‐mode images demonstrated a significant increase in mean echogenicity and a loss of the normal structure of the layers of fat tissue in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (n = 19). The ultrasound features of the fat tissue and the degree of amyloid deposition seen histopathologically showed a significant correlation. These results suggest that abdominal fat ultrasonography may be a valuable method for screening for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Ann Neurol 2017;81:604–608
Solitons in One‐Dimensional Lattices with a Flat Band
Authors: Bercioux Dario , Dutta Omjyoti , Rico Enrique
Published: March 2017

We investigate the spectral properties of a quasi‐one‐dimensional lattice in two possible dimerisation configurations. Both configurations are characterised by the same lattice topology and the identical spectra containing a flat band at zero energy. We find that, one of the dimerised configuration has similar symmetry to a one‐dimensional chain proposed by Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger for studying solitons in conjugated polymers. Whereas, the other dimerised configuration only shows non‐trivial topological properties in the presence of chiral‐symmetry breaking adiabatic pumping.
Combined Analysis of NMR and MS Spectra (CANMS)
Authors: Chong Mei , Jayaraman Anusha , Marin Silvia , Selivanov Vitaly , de Atauri Carulla Pedro R. , Tennant Daniel A. , Cascante Marta , Günther Ulrich L. , Ludwig Christian
Published: March 2017

Cellular metabolism in mammalian cells represents a challenge for analytical chemistry in the context of current biomedical research. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy together with computational tools have been used to study metabolism in cells. Compartmentalization of metabolism complicates the interpretation of stable isotope patterns in mammalian cells owing to the superimposition of different pathways contributing to the same pool of analytes. This indicates a need for a model‐free approach to interpret such data. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy provide complementary analytical information on metabolites. Herein an approach that simulates 13C multiplets in NMR spectra and utilizes mass increments to obtain long‐range information is presented. The combined information is then utilized to derive isotopomer distributions. This is a first rigorous analytical and computational approach for a model‐free analysis of metabolic data applicable to mammalian cells.
Water as a Hydride Source in Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Heck Reactions
Authors: Kong Wangqing , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: March 2017

Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric carbopalladation of N‐aryl acrylamides followed by reduction of C(sp3)‐Pd intermediate using diboron–water as a hydride source afforded enantioenriched 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles in high yields and enantioselectivities. When heavy water was used as a deuterium donor in combination with bis(catecholato)diboron (Cat2B2), deuterium was incorporated into the products with high synthetic efficiency. The ligand determined both the enantioselectivity of the reaction and the reaction pathways, thereby affording either hydroarylation (reductive Heck) or carboborylation products.
Learning to cite framework: How to automatically construct citations for hierarchical data
Authors: Silvello Gianmaria
Published: March 2017

The practice of citation is foundational for the propagation of knowledge along with scientific development and it is one of the core aspects on which scholarship and scientific publishing rely. Within the broad context of data citation, we focus on the automatic construction of citations problem for hierarchically structured data. We present the “learning to cite” framework, which enables the automatic construction of human‐ and machine‐readable citations with different levels of coarseness. The main goal is to reduce the human intervention on data to a minimum and to provide a citation system general enough to work on heterogeneous and complex XML data sets. We describe how this framework can be realized by a system for creating citations to single nodes within an XML data set and, as a use case, show how it can be applied in the context of digital archives. We conduct an extensive evaluation of the proposed citation system by analyzing its effectiveness from the correctness and completeness viewpoints, showing that it represents a suitable solution that can be easily employed in real‐world environments and that reduces human intervention on data to a minimum.
Domain‐independent search expertise: Gaining knowledge in query formulation through guided practice
Authors: Smith Catherine L.
Published: March 2017

Although modern search systems require minimal skill for meeting simple information needs, most systems provide weak support for gaining advanced skill; hence, the goal of designing systems that guide searchers in developing expertise. Essential to developing such systems are a description of expert search behavior and an understanding of how it may be acquired. The present study contributes a detailed analysis of the query behavior of 10 students as they completed assigned exercises during a semester‐long course on expert search. Detailed query logs were coded for three dimensions of query expression: the information structure searched, the type of query term used, and intent of the query with respect to specificity. Patterns of query formulation were found to evidence a progression of instruction, suggesting that the students gained knowledge of fundamental system‐independent constructs that underlie expert search, and that domain‐independent search expertise may be defined as the ability to use these constructs. Implications for system design are addressed.
Future perspectives for abundance measurements in clusters of galaxies with XMM‐Newton
Authors: de Plaa J. , Mernier F.
Published: March 2017

The CHEERS (CHEmical enrichment reflection grating spectrometer sample) observations of clusters of galaxies with XMM‐Newton have shown to be valuable to constrain the chemical evolution of the universe. The soft X‐ray spectrum contains lines of the most abundant metals from N to Ni, which provide relatively accurate abundances that can be compared to supernova enrichment models. The accuracy of the abundances is currently limited by systematic uncertainties introduced by the available instruments and uncertainties in the modeling of the spectra, which are of the order of 20–30%. We discuss the possible gain of extending the current samples at low and high redshift. We conclude that expanding the samples would be expensive in terms of exposure time, but will not yield significantly improved results, because the current samples already reach the systematic limits. New instrumentation, like Astro‐H2 and ATHENA, as well as improvements to the atomic databases, are needed to make significant advances in this field.
An additive‐multiplicative mean residual life model for right‐censored data
Authors: Cai Jingheng , He Haijin , Song Xinyuan , Sun Liuquan
Published: March 2017

Many studies have focused on determining the effect of the body mass index (BMI) on the mortality in different cohorts. In this article, we propose an additive‐multiplicative mean residual life (MRL) model to assess the effects of BMI and other risk factors on the MRL function of survival time in a cohort of Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. The proposed model can simultaneously manage additive and multiplicative risk factors and provide a comprehensible interpretation of their effects on the MRL function of interest. We develop an estimation procedure through pseudo partial score equations to obtain parameter estimates. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators and conduct simulations to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The application of the procedure to a study on the life expectancy of type 2 diabetic patients reveals new insights into the extension of the life expectancy of such patients.
Effects of Grain Boundaries at the Electrolyte/Cathode Interfaces on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Kinetics of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Choi Mingi , Koo Ja Yang , Ahn Minwoo , Lee Wonyoung
Published: March 2017

We systematically investigated the effects of grain boundaries (GBs) at the electrolyte/cathode interface of two conventional electrolyte materials, i.e., yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and gadolinia‐doped ceria (GDC). We deposited additional layers by pulsed laser deposition to control the GB density on top of the polycrystalline substrates, obtaining significant improvements in peak power density (two‐fold for YSZ and three‐fold for GDC). The enhanced performance at high GB density in the additional layer could be ascribed to the accumulation of oxygen vacancies, which are known to be more active sites for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) than grain cores. GDC exhibited a higher enhancement than YSZ, due to the easier formation, and thus higher concentration, of oxygen vacancies for ORR. The strong relation between the concentration of oxygen vacancies and the surface exchange characteristics substantiated the role of GBs at electrolyte/cathode interfaces on ORR kinetics, providing new design parameters for highly performing solid oxide fuel cells.
LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of flavonoids and physalins in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Chinese lantern) extract
Authors: Guo Yaqing , Liu Hongxia , Ding Liqin , Oppong Mahmood , Pan Guixiang , Qiu Feng
Published: March 2017

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of luteolin, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, physalin A, physalin D and physalin L in rat plasma. Scutellarein and dexamethasone were used as the internal standards (IS). Plasma samples were prepared by liquid‐liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The five constituents were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). A gradient elution procedure was used with acetonitrile (A)‐0.1% aqueous formic acid (B). Mass spectrometric detection was performed in negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. This method showed good linearity (r2 > 0.997) over a concentration range of 2.0–500 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 2.0 ng/mL for all five compounds. The inter‐ and intra‐day accuracy ranged from 91.7 to 104%, and precisions (RSD) were <6.46% for all analytes. The extraction recoveries of all analytes were >85%. This validated method was successfully applied for the first time to the pharmacokinetic study of five ingredients after oral administration of 70% ethanol extract of Chinese lantern in rats.
Comparison of spectroscopy technologies for improved monitoring of cell culture processes in miniature bioreactors
Authors: Rowland‐Jones Ruth C. , van den Berg Frans , Racher Andrew J. , Martin Elaine B. , Jaques Colin
Published: March 2017

Cell culture process development requires the screening of large numbers of cell lines and process conditions. The development of miniature bioreactor systems has increased the throughput of such studies; however, there are limitations with their use. One important constraint is the limited number of offline samples that can be taken compared to those taken for monitoring cultures in large‐scale bioreactors. The small volume of miniature bioreactor cultures (15 mL) is incompatible with the large sample volume (600 µL) required for bioanalysers routinely used. Spectroscopy technologies may be used to resolve this limitation. The purpose of this study was to compare the use of NIR, Raman, and 2D‐fluorescence to measure multiple analytes simultaneously in volumes suitable for daily monitoring of a miniature bioreactor system. A novel design‐of‐experiment approach is described that utilizes previously analyzed cell culture supernatant to assess metabolite concentrations under various conditions while providing optimal coverage of the desired design space. Multivariate data analysis techniques were used to develop predictive models. Model performance was compared to determine which technology is more suitable for this application. 2D‐fluorescence could more accurately measure ammonium concentration (RMSECV 0.031 g L−1) than Raman and NIR. Raman spectroscopy, however, was more robust at measuring lactate and glucose concentrations (RMSECV 1.11 and 0.92 g L−1, respectively) than the other two techniques. The findings suggest that Raman spectroscopy is more suited for this application than NIR and 2D‐fluorescence. The implementation of Raman spectroscopy increases at‐line measuring capabilities, enabling daily monitoring of key cell culture components within miniature bioreactor cultures. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:337–346, 2017
Large‐scale synthesis of tert‐butyl (3R,5S)‐6‐chloro‐3,5‐dihydroxyhexanoate by a stereoselective carbonyl reductase with high substrate concentration and product yield
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Hu Zhong‐Liang , Zhang Xiao‐Jian , Tang Xiao‐Ling , Cheng Feng , Xue Ya‐Ping , Wang Ya‐Jun , Wu Lin , Yao Dan‐Kai , Zhou Yi‐Teng , Zheng Yu‐Guo
Published: March 2017

To biosynthesize the (3R,5S)‐CDHH in an industrial scale, a newly synthesized stereoselective short chain carbonyl reductase (SCR) was successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The fermentation of recombinant E. coli harboring SCR was carried out in 500 L and 5000 L fermenters, with biomass and specific activity of 9.7 g DCW/L, 15749.95 U/g DCW, and 10.97 g DCW/L, 19210.12 U/g DCW, respectively. The recombinant SCR was successfully applied for efficient production of (3R,5S)‐CDHH. The scale‐up synthesis of (3R,5S)‐CDHH was performed in 5000 L bioreactor with 400 g/L of (S)‐CHOH at 30°C, resulting in a space‐time yield of 13.7 mM/h/g DCW, which was the highest ever reported. After isolation and purification, the yield and d.e. of (3R,5S)‐CDHH reached 97.5% and 99.5%, respectively. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:612–620, 2017
Small‐cell lung carcinoma and acute onset of antiglial nuclear antibody‐positive limbic encephalitis
Authors: Chan Melvin , Rangaswamy Rajesh , Peng Yen‐Yi
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

Limbic encephalitis (LE) can present as a nonspecific manifestation preceding neoplastic disease. Having high clinical suspicion and using newer onconeural antibodies, like antiglial nuclear antibody (AGNA), can lead to an earlier diagnosis. We report a patient with AGNA‐positive LE who is later diagnosed and treated for small‐cell lung carcinoma.
Chance Events and Career Decidedness: Latent Profiles in Relation to Work Motivation
Authors: Hirschi Andreas , Valero Domingo
Published: March 2017

Research has shown that chance events affect careers but has not established the nature of their effects. Moreover, the relationship between chance and career decidedness is not well understood. The authors used a person‐centered approach with latent profile analysis to examine 312 Swiss adolescents in their 1st year of vocational training. The authors identified 5 qualitatively differing profiles according to levels of perceived chance events and career decidedness: balanced scorers, undecided with mean chance, undecided with high chance, decided with chance, and decided without chance. The groups differed significantly in work motivation (i.e., occupational self‐efficacy beliefs, perceived person–job fit, and work engagement). Decided adolescents reported more favorable work motivation regardless of their level of perceived chance events. The results imply that promoting decidedness remains a valuable goal in career counseling despite the occurrence of unpredicted events.
An Individual Mixed‐Evaluation Method for Career Intervention
Authors: Jacquin Philippe , Juhel Jacques
Published: March 2017

Economic issues linked to career counseling are a cause for concern to policy makers in developed countries because they expect career practitioners to provide evidence of the efficiency of career counseling interventions. The aim of this study was to test an individual evaluation method mixing time series (outcomes) and life narrative (processes). The method used 5 items related to 1 client's career decision self‐efficacy and studied the evolution of those items throughout the intervention of 1 career counselor (43 days). Changepoint analysis helped in identifying the changes that have to be taken into account for time series and which are contextualized in the client's verbatim analysis. This mixed method highlighted that the career counselor's intervention increased the client's career decision self‐efficacy. Practitioners could use the methodology proposed in this article to evaluate their interventions. They could also report their practice to clients, employers, and decision makers.
Project HOPE: Evaluation of Health Science Career Education Programming for Rural Latino and European American Youth
Authors: Ali Saba Rasheed , Brown Samantha Danielle , Loh Yunkyoung
Published: March 2017

Project HOPE comprises a health science career pipeline program based in social cognitive career theory. The program aims to promote health science career exploration for rural and Latino middle school students while simultaneously emphasizing the importance of achieving in math and science subjects. The authors conducted 2 studies to evaluate Project HOPE using baseline and follow‐up evaluation data. Results of Study 1 indicated that Project HOPE was associated with increases in math/science self‐efficacy for both Latino (n = 42) and European American (n = 31) students. Results of Study 2 indicated that Project HOPE was associated with higher health science career self‐efficacy beliefs for European American students (n = 22) and higher health science career interests for Latino students (n = 28). These results suggest that domain‐specific career interventions for middle school students that focus on jobs tied to the local economy may be a useful way to engage students in career exploration.
Constructivist and Social Constructionist Career Counseling: A Delphi Study
Authors: Kang ZiYoung , Kim Hyunhee , Trusty Jerry
Published: March 2017

Constructivist and social constructionist (SC) career counseling approaches direct attention to individuals as authors who construct their identities and careers in relation with others. Often contrasted with positivist or modern approaches, distinguishing features of these relatively new approaches have not yet been explicitly identified. Panel members in this Delphi study comprised the 9 most‐cited authors on the topics of constructivist and SC career counseling, 8 of whom completed all 3 rounds of questionnaires. They offered views about definitions of constructivist and SC career counseling and identified distinguishing and essential features of these approaches in terms of theoretical underpinnings, counseling processes, client–counselor relationships, and range of applicability. The defining features and the range of applicability identified in this study may serve to guide practice, training, and supervision. A research agenda including development of fidelity measures and evaluation of the efficacy of these approaches is proposed. Controversial issues are discussed.
Predicting Undergraduate Student Retention in STEM Majors Based on Career Development Factors
Authors: Belser Christopher T. , Prescod Diandra J. , Daire Andrew P. , Dagley Melissa A. , Young Cynthia Y.
Published: March 2017

A research gap exists with regard to examining the influence of career interventions and career readiness assessments on student retention in college majors related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To address this gap, the authors examined 3 variables as potential predictors of retention in STEM‐related majors: (a) a STEM‐focused career planning intervention, (b) students' initial major declarations, and (c) changes in scores on a measure of career readiness. Results revealed that all 3 independent variables were significant predictors of STEM retention but did not accurately predict students who would not be retained. These results have implications for undergraduate STEM initiatives, college counselors and career advisors, and researchers investigating the predictors of STEM retention. Future research should include additional predictor variables.
Educational Technology and Distance Supervision in Counselor Education
Authors: Carlisle Robert Milton , Hays Danica G. , Pribesh Shana L. , Wood Chris T.
Published: March 2017

The authors used a nonexperimental descriptive design to examine the prevalence of distance supervision in counselor education programs, educational technology used in supervision, training on technology in supervision, and participants' (N = 673) perceptions of legal and ethical compliance. Program policies are recommended to guide the training and use of technology in supervision.
TNU‐9 Zeolite: Aluminum Distribution and Extra‐Framework Sites of Divalent Cations
Authors: Karcz Robert , Dedecek Jiri , Supronowicz Barbara , Thomas Haunani M. , Klein Petr , Tabor Edyta , Sazama Petr , Pashkova Veronika , Sklenak Stepan
Published: March 2017

The TNU‐9 zeolite (TUN framework) is one of the most complex zeolites known. It represents a highly promising matrix for both acid and redox catalytic reactions. We present here a newly developed approach involving the use of 29Si and 27Al (3Q) MAS NMR spectroscopy, CoII as probes monitored by UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, and extensive periodic DFT calculations, including molecular dynamics, to investigating the aluminum distribution in the TUN framework and the location of aluminum pairs and divalent cations in extra‐framework cationic positions. Our study reveals that 40 and 60 % of aluminum atoms in the TNU‐9 zeolite are isolated single aluminum atoms and aluminum pairs, respectively. The aluminum pairs are present in two types of six‐membered rings forming the corresponding α and β (15 and 85 %, respectively, of aluminum pairs) sites of bare divalent cations. The α site is located on the TUN straight channel wall and it connects two channel intersections. The suggested near‐planar β site is present at the channel intersection.
Achieving MnO2 Nanosheets through Surface Redox Reaction on Nickel Nanochains for Catalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Liu Xianchun , Wang Yuanhong , Liu Chengzhan , Xing Shuangxi
Published: March 2017

The redox reaction between KMnO4 and Ni was carried out on a chain‐like Ni surface under hydrothermal conditions and γ‐MnO2 nanosheets were produced through this facile route. The original Ni nanochains, as cores, dominated the final morphology of the composites with MnO2 nanosheets loaded on their surface. The uniform assemblies of MnO2, with large amounts of exposed sites, allowed them to be good candidates for application in various fields. The reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by NaBH4 was selected as model reaction to test the catalytic activity of the samples and the samples could also be made into electrodes for supercapacitor measurement. Both the results revealed the advantages of the γ‐MnO2 assembled on the Ni chain surfaces. Furthermore, the magnetic cores facilitated the recycling of the sample and increased the stability upon charge–discharge cycles.
Ligand‐Supported E3 Clusters (E=Si–Sn)
Authors: Pan Sudip , Saha Ranajit , Osorio Edison , Chattaraj Pratim K. , Frenking Gernot , Merino Gabriel
Published: March 2017

The interaction among E3 (E=Si, Ge, Sn) clusters and different ligands (L) encompassing five carbon‐based donors (cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC), N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), saturated NHC (SNHC), mesoionic carbenes (MIC1, and MIC2)), two nitrogen‐based donors (trimethylamine and pyridine), and two phosphorous‐based donors (phosphinine and trimethylphosphine) in E3(L)3 complexes is explored through DFT computations. Although all carbenes form very strong bonds with E3 clusters, cAAC makes the strongest bond with Si3 and Ge3 clusters, and MIC1 with the Sn3 cluster. Nevertheless, other ligand‐bound complexes are also viable at room temperature. This finding indicates that experimentalists may make use of them to synthesize the desired clusters based on precursor availability. The nature of the interaction in E−L bonds is analyzed through natural bond orbital analysis; energy decomposition analysis, in combination with the natural orbital for chemical valence; and adaptive natural density partitioning analysis. The L→E σ‐donation and L←E π‐back‐donation play important roles in making contacts between L and E3 clusters favorable; where the former is significantly more dominant over the latter.
Mononuclear or Dinuclear? Mechanistic Study of the Zinc‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Aldehydes and Acetylenes
Authors: Yue Xiaoyu , Qi Xiaotian , Bai Ruopeng , Lei Aiwen , Lan Yu
Published: March 2017

Although zinc catalysis is widely used in organic synthesis, very few studies on the dinuclear zinc mechanism have been reported. Here, a dinuclear zinc pathway is proposed for the Zn(OTf)2‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of aldehydes with terminal alkynes. DFT calculations revealed that the deprotonation of the terminal alkyne would preferentially lead to the formation of a dinuclear zinc intermediate. The nucleophilic addition of this intermediate to an aldehyde, followed by an Oppenauer‐type oxidation was investigated theoretically according to the mono‐ and dinuclear pathways. The formation of a dinuclear zinc intermediate from a mononuclear alkynyl zinc complex was exergonic, favoring the dinuclear zinc pathway. The subsequent protonation and regeneration of the active dinuclear catalyst were also evaluated by DFT calculations. The oxidizabilities of various aldehydes and ketones were evaluated to determine the best oxidant for this step. Trifluoroacetaldehyde was predicted to be a better oxidant for this reaction because its calculated energy barrier for the Oppenauer‐type oxidation step was much lower than that of the other carbonyl complexes.
Unusually Stable Picoloyl‐Protected Trimethylsilyl Glycosides for Nonsymmetrical 1,1′‐Glycosylation and Synthesis of 1,1′‐Disaccharides with Diverse Configurations
Authors: Lu Yen‐Chu Luke , Ghosh Bhaswati , Mong Kwok‐Kong Tony
Published: March 2017

Nonsymmetrical 1,1′‐disaccharides and related derivatives constitute structural components in various glycolipids and natural products. Some of these compounds have been shown to exhibit appealing biological properties. We report a direct yet stereoselective 1,1′‐glycosylation strategy for the synthesis of nonsymmetrical 1,1′‐disaccharides with diverse configurations and sugar components. The strategy is based on the joined forces of a new class of configurationally stable glycoside acceptors and stereodirecting thioglycoside donors. The new glycoside acceptors feature a picoloyl (Pico) protecting group at the remote C4/C3 position that confers unusual stability on TMS glycosides under acidic conditions.
Chalcone‐Benzotriazole Conjugates as New Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Synergism with Clinical Drugs
Authors: Liu Hanbo , Gopala Lavanya , Avula Srinivasa Rao , Jeyakkumar Ponmani , Peng Xinmei , Zhou Chenghe , Geng Rongxia
Published: March 2017

A series of chalcone‐benzotriazole conjugates as new potential antimicrobial agents were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS spectra. Antimicrobial assay manifested that some target compounds gave moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities. The N‐1 derived benzotriazole 5e and N‐2 derived benzotriazole 6a exhibited valuable inhibitory efficacy against some tested strains. Especially, derivative 6a gave superior antifungal efficacies against C. utilis, S. cerevisiae and A. flavus (MIC=0.01, 0.02, 0.02 µmol/mL, respectively) to Fluconazole. The drug combination of compound 5e or 6a with antibacterial Chloromycin, Norfloxacin and antifungal Fluconazole respectively showed stronger antimicrobial efficiency with less dosage and broader antimicrobial spectrum than their separated use alone. The preliminary interaction with calf thymus DNA revealed that compound 6a could intercalate into DNA to form 6a‐DNA supramolecular complex which might be a factor to exert its powerful bioactivity. Molecular docking study indicated strong binding of compound 6a with DNA gyrase. The structural parameters such as molecular orbital energy and molecular electrostatic potential of compound 6a were also investigated, which provided better understanding for its good antimicrobial activity.
Controversies in postoperative atrial fibrillation after noncardiothoracic surgery: clinical and research implications
Authors: Vallurupalli Srikanth , Shanbhag Anusha , Mehta Jawahar L.
Published: March 2017

Post operative atrial fibrillation after non‐cardiothoracic surgery is an increasingly common problem. There is little high quality data to guide clinicians in risk prediction as well as short term and long term management. There appears to be a significant risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation and stroke but effective screening strategies have not been tested. In this commentary, we delineate various controversies in the management of post operative atrial fibrillation and briefly review the available evidence. Prospective studies in this clinically important area of cardiology should be encouraged.
Heart Rhythm Society: expert consensus statements—part 1
Authors: Sennhauser Susie , Anand Rishi , Kusumoto Fred , Goldschlager Nora
Published: March 2017

One of the most important roles for professional societies in medicine is assembling multiple stakeholders and experts to develop documents that can help guide and define policies and strategies for best medical care. Each year the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) develops several consensus documents that address critical clinical subjects that have been identified by input from HRS members and HRS committees. Over the past 5 years, HRS has produced documents with multiple professional societies from around the world, and although the topics chosen for exploration center around arrhythmia management, the reviews and recommendations made in the documents are important for clinical cardiologists and generalists who are not arrhythmia specialists. When an internist or other primary care provider identifies a patient who may be having symptoms from an arrhythmia, the referral first is made to the clinical cardiologist and only later, if necessary, does an arrhythmia specialist become involved. These expert consensus statements are developed for specific clinical questions regarding arrhythmia management where there is controversy or uncertainty, often with less data from randomized controlled trials to help guide recommendations, which must then be made by extrapolation of existing data, observational data, and expert opinion. In this 2‐part review, the consensus statements developed by the HRS over the past 5 years that pertain to adults are discussed in part 1; part 2 focuses on consensus statements that HRS has developed in conjunction with the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society that address arrhythmia issues in children and adults with congenital heart disease.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Remote Cardiac Monitoring With theCardioMEMSHeart Failure System
Authors: Schmier Jordana K. , Ong Kevin L. , Fonarow Gregg C.
Published: March 2017

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in the United States and presents a substantial economic burden. A recently approved implantable wireless pulmonary artery pressure remote monitor, theCardioMEMS HFSystem, has been shown to be effective in reducing hospitalizations among New York Heart Association (NYHA) classIII HFpatients. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of this remote monitoring technology compared to standard of care treatment forHF. A Markov cohort model relying on theCHAMPION(CardioMEMSHeart Sensor Allows Monitoring of Pressure to Improve Outcomes inNYHAClassIIIHeart Failure Patients) clinical trial for mortality and hospitalization data, published sources for cost data, and a mix ofCHAMPIONdata and published sources for utility data, was developed. The model compares outcomes over 5 years for implanted vs standard of care patients, allowing patients to accrue costs and utilities while they remain alive. Sensitivity analyses explored uncertainty in input parameters. TheCardioMEMS HFSystem was found to be cost‐effective, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $44,832 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Sensitivity analysis found the model was sensitive to the device cost and to whether mortality benefits were sustained, although there were no scenarios in which the cost/QALYexceeded $100,000. Compared with standard of care, theCardioMEMS HFSystem was cost‐effective when leveraging trial data to populate the model.
Posttreatment trajectories of physical activity in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Lucas Alexander R. , Levine Beverly J. , Avis Nancy E.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer survivors face a risk of disease recurrence and a higher risk of developing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease when compared with the general population. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to reduce such risks. The current analyses sought to identify: 1) unique patterns of PA among breast cancer survivors; and 2) characteristics associated with the level of PA.

METHODS

A total of 548 women reported PA and sociodemographic, health‐related, and psychosocial factors at 3 time points, 6 months apart, after primary treatment of breast cancer. Cancer‐related factors were obtained from chart reviews. Finite mixture modeling was used to examine trajectory groups of moderate‐intensity to vigorous‐intensity PA (MVPA) in the early posttreatment period. The authors then examined the characteristics associated with trajectory group membership.

RESULTS

Three groups with distinct, stable patterns of PA were identified: the low MVPA (42.5% of patients), medium MVPA (45.5% of patients), and high MVPA (12.0% of patients) groups. In a multivariable setting, compared with more active breast cancer survivors, the least active group was found to have a higher body mass index, were less likely to report alcohol consumption, were more likely to smoke cigarettes, and had worse physical functioning and vitality scores. Cancer treatment‐related factors did not significantly predict group membership.

CONCLUSIONS

A large percentage of breast cancer survivors remain physically inactive after treatment, suggesting the need for interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. Cancer 2017;123:2773‐80. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Improved risk stratification for patients with high‐grade urothelial carcinoma following application of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology
Authors: Cowan Morgan L. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , VandenBussche Christopher J.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) requires 4 cytomorphologic criteria for a definitive diagnosis of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in urinary tract cytology (UTC) specimens: an elevated nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio (at or above 0.7), markedly atypical nuclear borders, moderate to severe hyperchromasia, and coarse chromatin. However, malignant UTC specimens often contain degenerative changes, and this limits the number of malignant cells meeting all 4 TPS cytomorphologic criteria.

METHODS

One hundred twelve UTC specimens from patients with a subsequent diagnosis of HGUC were reviewed and reclassified according to TPS criteria. The presence of TPS cytomorphologic criteria for HGUC in each specimen was recorded, as was the proportion of atypical cells meeting all 4 criteria.

RESULTS

The number of specimens definitively diagnosed as HGUC did not significantly change upon reclassification. However, approximately 40% of indeterminate specimens (21 of 51) were reclassified into a higher risk category. The most restrictive cytomorphologic criterion was an N/C ratio of 0.7 or higher (seen in 78% of specimens), and approximately half of specimens containing all 4 cytomorphologic criteria did not meet TPS's numerical criterion for HGUC (at least 5 malignant cells). In the majority of specimens qualifying for HGUC by TPS standards, only a small fraction of atypical cells (10%‐20%) met all the criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

When applied to malignant UTC specimens, TPS criteria improved specimen risk stratification by upgrading approximately 40% of indeterminate specimens into higher risk categories while not significantly changing the frequency of HGUC diagnoses. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:427–34. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Alterations in expression of Cat‐315 epitope of perineuronal nets during normal ageing, and its modulation by an open‐channel NMDA receptor blocker, memantine
Authors: Yamada Jun , Ohgomori Tomohiro , Jinno Shozo
Published: March 2017

The perineuronal net (PNN), a specialized aggregate of the extracellular matrix, is involved in neuroprotection against oxidative stress, which is now recognized as a major contributor to age‐related decline in brain functions. In this study, we investigated the age‐related molecular changes of PNNs using monoclonal antibody Cat‐315, which recognizes human natural killer‐1 (HNK‐1) glycan on aggrecan‐based PNNs. Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of Cat‐315 epitope in the hippocampus were higher in middle‐aged (MA, 12‐month‐old) mice than in young adult (YA, 2‐month‐old) mice. Although there were no differences in the expression levels of Cat‐315 epitope between old age (OA, 20‐month‐old) and MA mice, Cat‐315 immunoreactivity was also detected in astrocytes of OA mice. To focus on Cat‐315 epitope in PNNs, we used YA and MA mice in the following experiments. Optical disector analysis showed that there were no differences in the numbers of Cat‐315‐positive (Cat‐315+) PNNs between YA and MA mice. Fluorescence intensity analysis indicated that Cat‐315 immunoreactivity in PNNs increased with age in the dorsal hippocampus, which is mainly involved in cognitive functions. Administration of an open‐channel blocker of NMDA receptor, memantine, reduced the expression levels of Cat‐315 epitope in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the numbers of glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals colocalized with Cat‐315 epitope around parvalbumin‐positive neurons were decreased by memantine. These findings provide novel insight into the involvement of PNNs in normal brain ageing, and suggest that memantine may counteract the age‐related alterations in expression levels of Cat‐315 epitope via regulation of its subcellular localization.
Extracting Crystal Chemistry from Amorphous Carbon Structures
Authors: Deringer Volker L. , Csányi Gábor , Proserpio Davide M.
Published: March 2017

Carbon allotropes have been explored intensively by ab initio crystal structure prediction, but such methods are limited by the large computational cost of the underlying density functional theory (DFT). Here we show that a novel class of machine‐learning‐based interatomic potentials can be used for random structure searching and readily predicts several hitherto unknown carbon allotropes. Remarkably, our model draws structural information from liquid and amorphous carbon exclusively, and so does not have any prior knowledge of crystalline phases: it therefore demonstrates true transferability, which is a crucial prerequisite for applications in chemistry. The method is orders of magnitude faster than DFT and can, in principle, be coupled with any algorithm for structure prediction. Machine‐learning models therefore seem promising to enable large‐scale structure searches in the future.