bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capture suggests the successful introduction of Sirex parasitoid in Brazil
Authors: Penteado Susete Do Rocio Chiarello , Iede Edson Tadeu , Schuhli Guilherme Schnell e
Published: May 2020

Além do nematóide Deladenus siricidicola, outros organismos podem ser usados no controle da vespa-da-madeira, como o parasitoide Megarhyssa nortoni. Sua liberação no Brasil ocorreu com um número limitado de exemplares. Até o momento não havia evidências para assegurar seu estabelecimento. Depois de 20 anos da introdução recebemos relatos de que adultos de M. nortoni foram capturados em Santa Catarina. Nós identificamos vários adultos do parasitoide nas amostras deste material, o que sugere seu estabelecimento em território brasileiro.
Analisis Rasio Profitabilitas Pada Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam (UED-SP) Desa Kembung Luar Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Syariah
Authors: Dariana Dariana
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat Rasio Profitabilitas pada Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam (UED-SP) Desa Kembung Luar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Rasio Profitabilitas pada Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam (UED-SP) Desa Kembung Luar. Dan Rasio Profitabilitas pada Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam (UED-SP) Desa Kembung Luar menurut perspektif Syariah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam (UED-SP) Desa Kembung Luar. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam (UED-SP) Desa Kembung Luar dan objek penelitian Rasio Profitabilitas. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini analisis deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menggambarkan hasil penelitian dengan menelaah data yang diperoleh dari perusahaan kemudian dibandingkan dengan berbagai teori yang mendukung masalah penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan Return On Invesment tahun 2016-2018 ROI mengalami penurunan karena perputaran aset dan laba bersih dalam satu tahun menurun. Hal ini menunjukkan kemampuan UED-SP dalam menghasilkan laba bersih dari aset belum maksimal. Tahun 2016-2018 mengalami peningkatan karena laba yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2016-2018 meningkat. Begitu juga dari hasil perhitungan Return On Equity, bahwa pada UED ini dalam mengelola modal dalam menghasilkan keuntungan netto mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2016-2017 dan mengalami peningkatan di tahun 2017-2018. Rasio profitabilitas pada UED-SP Desa Kembung Luar tidak sesuai dengan prinsip syariah karena terdapat bunga. Ketidaksesuaian tersebut disesuaikan firman Allah dalam QS. Ali-‘Imran ayat 130 dan Al-Baqarah ayat 276. Ayat tersebut menjelaskan dalam syariah, imbalan dari modal tidak boleh berbentuk bunga karena bunga dianggap riba, sedangkan riba hukumnya haram.
Kinerja Reksa Dana Syariah Di Pasar Modal Indonesia
Authors: Sepdiana Nana
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kinerja reksadana syariah yang meliputi saham, pendapatan tetap, campuran, dan pasar uang. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik dokumentasi dengan data sekunder yaitu melalui situs resmi bareksa.com. Pengukuran kinerja reksadana syariah dalam penelitan ini menggunakan satu metode saja yaitu metode sharpe. Berdasarkan perhitungan Sharpe dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja tertinggi di antara reksa dana syariah yang meliputi saham, pendapatan tetap, campuran dan pasar uang pada tahun 2015, 2016, dan 2017 adalah reksa dana saham syariah.
Analisis Perubahan Laba Kotor Sebagai Alat Evaluasi Penyebab Naik Turunnya Laba Perusahaan
Authors: Maruta Heru
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to provide information to the public about the understanding, uses, objectives, limitations and methods of calculating changes in gross profit analysis. Management requires information that can be used as a basis for evaluating the causes of the increase or decrease in the company's gross profit. By knowing the causes of the increase or decrease in the company's gross profit, management can determine the actions to be taken, if the gross profit shows an increase, then the factors causing it are worth defending. Conversely, if gross profit decreases, the factors that cause it are carried out as necessary so as not to be repeated in the next period. Analysis of changes in gross profit provides information that can be used by management as a basis for evaluation and actions needed in the next period, while to calculate the required data on sales and Cost of Goods Sold also in units and rupiah. The basis for calculating changes in gross profit is twofold, the first comparing the achievements of the current period with the previous and the second by comparing the target with the realization.
Investasi Syariah Melalui Surat Berharga Syariah Negara
Authors: Misissaifi Mira , Erlindawati Erlindawati
Published: May 2020

Investment is something that aims to develop the assets owned by expecting high returns. Basically investment in a sharia perspective is an active form of Sharia Economy. Although many investment products have the opportunity to provide high returns, it must be borne in mind that they are solely in the form of worldly benefits but also ukhrawi profits. One form of sharia investment is Sukuk issued by the state in 2008 to expand alternative sources of funding for the State Budget and Expenditure, as well as developing the Islamic Finance market. From the results of the issuance of the State Sukuk, the construction of various infrastructure projects in all corners of the country has now been realized, such as railroad tracks, roads and bridges, revitalization of the hajj hostel, and universities.
Pengaruh Pendidikan, Profesi Dan Bagi Hasil Terhadap Persepsi Masyarakat Pada Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Rahmany Sri , Asnita Yuni
Published: May 2020

This research aims to determine whether education, profession and profit-sharing partially and simultaneously affect public perceptions of sharia banking in Siak Kecil District. The data analysis technique used is the validity test, reliability test, normality test, multiple linear regression test, t-test, f test and the coefficient of determination test. The results of this study found that the level of education did not significantly influence people's perceptions of Islamic banking in Siak Kecil District. Then in terms of the profession, there is a significant influence on people's perceptions of Islamic banking in the Siak Kecil District. In terms of revenue sharing, there is a significant influence on people's perceptions of Islamic banking in Siak Kecil District. Simultaneously education, profession and profit-sharing affect people's perceptions of Islamic banking in Siak Kecil District with a large influence of 55.4%.
Analysis of the Influence of High Technology Export to the Industry in Tanzania
(2011-2017)
Authors: A. Sansa Nuhu
Published: May 2020

Recent studies in Tanzania explore that high - tech manufactured exports in total
manufactured exports, have deteriorated when measured by the CIP index.
Regarding that fact, the present study is undertaken to assess the influence of
High Technology exports to the industry from 2011 to 2017 in Tanzania. The
study considers a simple regression method to assess and answer whether the
High technology exports have influence on the industry or not. Because the other
studies have been done in the period from 1966 to 2011, the World bank data for
the period from 2011 to 2017 were applied by the study to assess the influence of
high technology export to industry in Tanzania. During the process of evaluating
the influence of high technology export to the industry in Tanzania, the study
assumes high technology export to be the independent variable while the industry
to be a dependent variable of the study. The findings of the study were quite
interesting. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant positive
relationship between High technology export and industry GDP during the period
from 2011 to 2017 in Tanzania. The results indicate that high technology exports
have significant influence on the overall industry during the period from 2011 to
2017 in Tanzania
Allelopathic Potential of Castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) Aqueous Extracts on
Germination on Selected Crop Species.
Authors: J Parreno , B Cempron , N Bucog , M Pepito , C Zamora
Published: May 2020

Weeds in agricultural system are becoming problem nowadays in which it
reduces yield of many crops. Synthetic herbicides are usually used to control
weed growth. Meanwhile, using herbicides creates hazardous impacts on
agricultural products and also increases environmental pollution. Thus, this study
aimed to evaluate the allelopahatic potential of Castor plant (fresh leaves, dry
leaves, seeds) aqueous extracts on germination rate, germination value indices
and root growth on selected crop species. The inhibitory effects of
allelochemicals might be used against weeds as a controlling tool for decreasing
weed emergence in field conditions. The study consists of 4 treatments replicated
5 times within 7 days. Germination rate, germination value indices and root
length were collected in the 7th day of the experiment. Data gathered were
analyzed using one way ANOVA and tukey HSD for comparison. Based on the
results, it shows that fresh leaves and seed aqueous extract had an allopathic
effect on the seed germination and germination value of Zea mays L. and
Solanum lycopersicum. In terms of root length inhibition, all treatments had an
inhibition effect on the selected crop species. The result showed great potential
for the natural herbicide from the determined parts of identified plant
Dados de pesquisa em informação legislativa
Authors: Brandt Mariana Baptista , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório
Published: May 2020

Os dados descritos neste artigo foram coletados em documentos da Câmara dos Deputados, com pesquisa in loco e no website da instituição Foi feita análise desses documentos com o objetivo de identificar metadados de negócio para a informação legislativa, como etapa da metodologia de Arquitetura da informação para processos de trabalho desenvolvida na tese originária destes dados. Os dados da pesquisa podem ser reutilizados por pesquisadores e profissionais das áreas de jornalismo, ciência da computação, ciências sociais, ciência política, legística e legimática, para análise em seus domínios de conhecimento e aplicação em outras pesquisas e aplicações práticas, como na implementação de sistemas de informação para a área legislativa, para a gestão do processo de tramitação legislativa, para acompanhamento de proposições legislativas, acompanhamento e gestão de trabalho das comissões da Câmara dos Deputados, entre outros fins.
O fenômeno da pós-verdade e suas implicações para a agenda de pesquisa na Ciência da Informação
Authors: Araújo Carlos Alberto Ávila
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Apresentar as características do fenômeno conhecido como pós-verdade e como ele se coloca para a agenda de pesquisas da ciência da informação.Método: É realizada uma revisão de literatura atualizada sobre o fenômeno da pós-verdade e seu tensionamento com a literatura sobre epistemologia da ciência da informação, considerando-se autores e perspectivas de diferentes países.Resultado: Evidencia-se que o fenômeno da pós-verdade implica alterações consideráveis na maneira como a informação é produzida, compartilhada, consumida e utilizada, apresentando dimensões até então inéditas nas questões informacionais. A produção intelectual da ciência da informação, que privilegiou por décadas determinadas dimensões dos fenômenos informacionais (relevância, recuperação, estratégias de busca, dinâmicas de identidade e memória) não desenvolveu até o momento categorias de análise adequadas para se ter uma centralidade da dimensão de “verdade” da informação.Conclusões: Recomenda-se que a ciência da informação aproveite as categorias de análise e modelos teóricos já existentes, aliadas a novos esquemas interpretativos a serem criados, para diagnosticar, caracterizar e propor formas de resistência e ação às consequências negativas do fenômeno da pós-verdade.
Cases Studied in Genocide Studies and Prevention and Journal of Genocide Research and Implications for the Field of Genocide Studies
Authors: Bachman Jeffrey
Published: May 2020

The adoption of the Genocide Convention in 1948 was accompanied by the emergence of genocide as a field of study, first in the form of Holocaust Studies, followed by Genocide Studies, then Comparative Genocide Studies and, most recently, Critical Genocide Studies. Over the last 20-30 years, the field of genocide studies has greatly expanded. According to Alexander Hinton, “As the outlines of the field emerge more clearly, the time is right to engage in critical reflections about the state of the field.” This article seeks to enhance the field of genocide studies by answering Hinton’s call for reflective analysis. It does so by analyzing every original research article published in the Journal of Genocide Research (1999-2018) and Genocide Studies and Prevention (2006-2018), based on case of genocide studied; the canon location of the case; method of genocide; and the type of government of the perpetrator. The results of this research show that the field remains dominated by particular understandings genocide and which types of governments are most associated with the crime.
Book Review: Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine
Authors: Crocco Natalia Paola
Published: May 2020

The article is a review of the book "Red famine. Stalin´s war on Ukraine" by Anne Applebaum. The book takes a tour of the process of artificial famine that Ukraine suffered in the early 1930s by the Soviet Union, its historical background and its consequences today.
Chomsky and Genocide
Authors: Jones Adam
Published: May 2020

Noam Chomsky may justly be considered the most important public intellectual alive, and the most significant of the post-World War Two era. Despite his scholarly contributions to linguistics, at least three generations know him primarily for his political writings and activism, voicing a left-radical, humanist critique of US foreign policy and other subjects.

Given that a human-rights discourse is prominent in Chomsky’s political writing, and given that genocide-related controversies have sometimes swirled around him, it is worthwhile to consider the overall place and framing of genocide in his published output. The present paper undertakes such an inquiry. It employs a broad and systematic sampling of Chomsky's published work (including online sources and interviews) to explore:

- How Chomsky understands the concept "genocide," and how this has evolved over the years;

- His skepticism towards the term and and criticisms of its political manipulation;

- Past genocide-related controversies involving Chomsky (the Holocaust, Cambodia, Bosnia/Kosovo, Rwanda);

- Cases of mass violence that Chomsky considers genocides, "near" or "virtual" genocides, and propagandistic non-genocides;

- The place of the Holocaust and Israel in Chomsky's analysis; and

- Structural forms of genocide, especially those linked to contemporary capitalism and neoliberalism.

The attempt is to provide a critical and wide-ranging evaluation of a leading public intellectual's writing and commentary on genocide over the past half-century.
Origin and transformation of ambient volatile organic compounds during a dust-to-haze episode in northwest China
Authors: Xue Yonggang , Huang Yu , Ho Steven Sai Hang , Chen Long , Wang Liqin , Lee Shuncheng , Cao Junji
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The high contribution of secondary organic aerosol to the
loading of fine particle pollution in China highlights the roles of volatile
organic compound (VOC) oxidation. In this respect, particulate active metallic
oxides in dust, like TiO2 and Fe ions, were proposed to influence the photochemical reactions of ambient VOCs. A case study was conducted at an urban site in Xi'an, northwest China, to investigate the origin and transformation of VOCs during a windblown dust-to-haze pollution episode, and the assumption that dust would enhance the oxidation of VOCs was
verified. Local vehicle exhaust (25 %) and biomass burning (18 %) were found to be the two largest contributors to ambient VOCs. In the dust
pollution period, a sharp decrease in the loading of VOCs and the aging of their
components were observed. Simultaneously, the secondary oxygenated VOC
fraction (i.e., methylglyoxal) increased. Source strength, physical
dispersion, and regional transport were eliminated as major factors for
the variation of ambient VOCs. In another aspect, about a 2- to 3-fold
increase in the loading of iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti) was found in the airborne particles, together with a fast decrease in trans-/cis-2-butene ratios, which demonstrated that dust can accelerate the oxidation of ambient VOCs and the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors.
Optimal design of hydrometric station networks based on complex network analysis
Authors: Agarwal Ankit , Marwan Norbert , Maheswaran Rathinasamy , Ozturk Ugur , Kurths Jürgen , Merz Bruno
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hydrometric networks play a vital role in providing information for
decision-making in water resource management. They should be set up
optimally to provide as much information as possible that is as accurate as possible and, at
the same time, be cost-effective. Although the design of hydrometric
networks is a well-identified problem in hydrometeorology and has received
considerable attention, there is still scope for further advancement. In this
study, we use complex network analysis, defined as a collection of nodes
interconnected by links, to propose a new measure that identifies critical
nodes of station networks. The approach can support the design and redesign
of hydrometric station networks. The science of complex networks is a
relatively young field and has gained significant momentum over the last few years
in different areas such as brain networks, social networks, technological
networks, or climate networks. The identification of influential nodes in
complex networks is an important field of research. We propose a new node-ranking measure – the weighted degree–betweenness (WDB) measure – to evaluate the
importance of nodes in a network. It is compared to previously proposed
measures used on synthetic sample networks and then applied to a real-world rain
gauge network comprising 1229 stations across Germany to demonstrate its
applicability. The proposed measure is evaluated using the decline rate of the
network efficiency and the kriging error. The results suggest that WDB
effectively quantifies the importance of rain gauges, although the benefits
of the method need to be investigated in more detail.
Multistep-ahead daily inflow forecasting using the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set based on gradient-boosting regression trees
Authors: Liao Shengli , Liu Zhanwei , Liu Benxi , Cheng Chuntian , Jin Xinfeng , Zhao Zhipeng
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Inflow forecasting plays an essential role in reservoir management and operation. The impacts of climate change and human activities have made accurate inflow prediction increasingly difficult, especially for longer lead times. In this study, a new hybrid inflow forecast framework – using the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set as input and adopting gradient-boosting regression trees (GBRT) and the maximal information coefficient (MIC) – is developed for multistep-ahead daily inflow forecasting. Firstly, the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set provides more information for the framework, allowing it to discover inflow for longer lead times. Secondly, MIC can identify an effective feature subset from massive features that significantly affects inflow; therefore, the framework can reduce computational burden, distinguish key attributes from unimportant ones and provide a concise understanding of inflow. Lastly, GBRT is a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of decision trees, and it has a strong ability to more fully capture nonlinear relationships between input and output at longer lead times. The Xiaowan hydropower station, located in Yunnan Province, China, was selected as the study area. Six evaluation criteria, namely the mean absolute error (MAE), the root-mean-squared error (RMSE), the Pearson correlation coefficient (CORR), Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) scores, the percent bias in the flow duration curve high-segment volume (BHV) and the index of agreement (IA) are used to evaluate the established models utilizing historical daily inflow data (1 January 2017–31 December 2018). The performance of the presented framework is compared to that of artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The results indicate that reanalysis data enhance the accuracy of inflow forecasting for all of the lead times studied (1–10 d), and the method developed generally performs better than other models, especially for extreme values and longer lead times (4–10 d).
Leonardo García Pabón. El cuento sentimental romántico en Bolivia (siglo XIX)
Authors: Bottaro Mayra G.
Published: May 2020

Esta es una reseña de Leonardo García Pabón. El cuento sentimental romántico en Bolivia (siglo XIX). La Paz: Plural Editores, 2017. Pp. 457.
Los "mil rostros" del quechua en el Norte de Potosí
Authors: Howard Rosaleen
Published: May 2020

Este artículo examina la interrelación entre las lenguas aimara, quechua y castellano en los valles centrales de Bolivia tal como la autora la observó durante varias estadías de trabajo de campo en los años 1990. Se basa en la premisa de que la distribución socio-geográfica y los patrones de uso de estas lenguas se deben explicar en términos de las relaciones de poder sociales, económicas y políticas desiguales entre el sector urbano y el sector campesino que se daban en la época. En primer lugar, el artículo ofrece una reseña del panorama de la sociolingüística macro, luego procede a un análisis a nivel micro de las influencias entre las tres lenguas, enfocándose en una serie de campos léxicos en particular. Se recalca el interés de tomar en cuenta las perspectivas de los mismos hablantes para calificar el significado del contacto lingüístico desde un punto de vista antropológico y no meramente formal.
Introducción al estudio de lectura crítica y multimedia en la narración de la ruta de Hernán Cortés hacia México-Tenochtitlan (1519).
Authors: López Yepes José , López Hernández Alfonso
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo presenta la justificación y descripción preliminar de un proyecto internacional de investigación financiado por la Universidad Panamericana, campus de Ciudad de México, que tiene por objeto el estudio y fijación de la ruta que siguió Cortés desde la salida de La Habana y desembarco en la isla de Cozumel hasta su llegada a México-Tenochtitlan, 1519. Bajo los principios de la metodología dc la lectura crítica como recurso para descubrir la veracidad de los contenidos de los documentos en sus distintos soportes físicos, (texto, fotos y audiovisual), se busca despertar el espíritu crítico entre los estudiantes universitarios y facilitar base de reflexión para el alumbramiento de nuevas ideas. En el artículo se esbozan algunos aspectos consustanciales a la expedición como las características del encuentro mutuo de indígenas y españoles, el papel de la Malinche (Doña Marina) en la ruta, las alabanzas que dedican los cronistas a la nueva tierra descubierta y explorada -Nueva España-, el comportamiento de indígenas y españoles y nuestra propuesta de  itinerario de la ruta tras la mención  de las propuestas de otros autores. Se añade una etapa concreta de la ruta como es el llamado puerto o paso de Cortés, último obstáculo para alcanzar la soñada meta México-Tenochtitlan, entre los volcanes Popocatepetl e Iztaccihuatl.
Presentación
Authors: Castelli Nunzia , Bogoni Milena
Published: May 2020

Desde la última crisis económica se han generado una serie de cambios y reformas que han incidido de manera directa en aspectos esenciales del sistema español de relaciones laborales, profundizando y agrandando debilidades preexistentes. Es así como, una vez más, el impacto de la crisis ha sido especialmente acusado entre colectivos que ya presentaban especial vulnerabilidad en el mercado laboral que se ha mantenido pese a la tímida recuperación económica. El estudio de factores como la edad y el género permite identificar las debilidades estructurales del mercado laboral español y proponer un análisis en el que el derecho del trabajo puede funcionar como una herramienta esencial para la reconfiguración, de manera necesaria y urgentemente inclusiva, del nexo entre ciudadanía y trabajo.
Personalidad emprendedora y género
Authors: Yurrebaso Macho Amaia , Rodríguez-Parets Carabaza Carolina , Jáñez González Álvaro , Picado Valverde Eva María , Guzmán Ordaz Raquel , Pérez Iglesias José Luis
Published: May 2020

: En la última década adquieren especial protagonismo en la literatura científica los estudios vinculados a la actividad emprendedora, especialmente aquellos que abordan las diferencias de género y su influjo en la intención de emprender. En la misma línea, este trabajo se centra en el análisis del llamado perfil psicosocial del emprendedor y su influencia en la intención emprendedora. Se analiza si existen diferencias de género en aquellos emprendedores ya empresarios en su perfil psicosocial, así como la potencial influencia que éstas hayan podido tener en el mantenimiento de la intención emprendedora en una muestra de 479 empresarios emprendedores. La literatura científica previa defiende estas diferencias de perfil entre hombres y mujeres antes de realizarse el emprendizaje, asumiendo que influyen en la intención. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos en este estudio confirman que una vez que el emprendedor ha llevado a cabo la actividad emprendedora no se encuentran diferencias significativas en base al género. Se concluye que alguna de las posibles causas de este hecho esté vinculada al constructo social que hace que la mujer sienta que tiene mayores dificultades a la hora de emprender.
La Europa indolente. Una hipótesis sobre los efectos geopolíticos de la pandemia
Authors: Romero Juan
Published: May 2020

La Unión Europea afronta lo que tal vez pudiera ser su última oportunidad para consolidar un proyecto político tan original como necesario. De los acuerdos políticos que se adopten para hacer frente a los efectos de la pandemia global dependerá que el proyecto salga reforzado o que se acentúe la crisis existencial y de legitimidad que hace tiempo se evidencia. Es el momento histórico para demostrar que desea ser algo muy distinto a una unión de mercado: una comunidad política. De otra parte, también puede ser una oportunidad para consolidarse como referente moral en defensa de una sociedad decente y como “tercer espacio” geopolítico en un mundo nuevo, sin centro, caracterizado durante las primeras décadas del siglo XXI por cierto (des)orden geopolítico, debido al declive relativo de EE UU y al ascenso relativo de China.
Espacialidad y pandemia: la crisis del coronavirus vista desde la geopolítica negativa
Authors: Saracho López Francisco José
Published: May 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 que trastoca miles de cotidianeidades a nivel global se ha convertido en un paradigma para comprender las formas en que se articula el sistema-mundo, en virtud de la capacidad que ha tenido para sumirlo en una profunda crisis. El presente artículo propone la pertinencia de reflexionar a través de la geopolítica negativa las implicaciones de la dispersión del virus. Dicha propuesta se articula en seis ejes principales: la producción del espacio, las relaciones de poder transescalares, los procesos de dominación y violencia, la concreción del sistema-mundo, el análisis de espacios geoestratégicos y el reconocimiento de espacios negativos. Se considera que esta metodología permite otorgar tanto claridad a la crisis, como horizontes de cambio significativos.
¿Qué mundo geopolítico después de 2020?
Authors: Loyer Barbara , Giblin Béatrice
Published: May 2020

Con la crisis del nuevo coronavirus los Estados Unidos parecen desvanecerse como potencia frente a las ambiciones chinas, mientras la debilidad europea es patente. Lo que pueda ocurrir entre el régimen autoritario de China y los Estados democráticos occidentales europeos o Estados Unidos depende mucho de consideraciones geopolíticas internas. Los casos de Francia y España, dos sociedades seriamente tocadas por esta crisis sanitaria, ilustran en el artículo estas incertidumbres internas que tienen sus consecuencias a nivel mundial.
La ciudad bajo el signo de 'Afrodita Pandemos'
Authors: Tapia Carlos
Published: May 2020

La ciudad es el lugar de la humanidad. Es su mayor invento. Con ese pensamiento hemos medido nuestra evolución y hemos replicado los modelos en todo el mundo más eficaces con una precisión de dominio cuyas consecuencias son descubiertas como una autopsia, a destiempo. Este escrito se redacta en el periodo en que un coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2 ha roto las reglas de ese dominio. Primeramente, porque lo que se refiere a replicación y autopsia, términos ligados a la biología, dejan de ser metáforas. Seguidamente, porque el confinamiento que ha conllevado el control de la pandemia se ha organizado en las propias ciudades, demostrando que no han sido pensadas, inventadas contra un enemigo como éste. Tercero, porque la proliferación de información en la cuarentena no ha servido sino para reivindicar las mismas formas y modos de vida que dominaban el planeta, con propuestas de adaptación remediales, no integrales. Virus e información se disputan un lugar de privilegio para apropiarse el uno el cuerpo del otro. A través de un minucioso registro de lecturas hechas durante el periodo de encierro, apenas relajado en los días en que se entrega este artículo, se pretende demostrar que no tenemos aún conciencia de la oportunidad de redefinir las alineaciones de la Tardomodernidad, si confiamos en la formulación de lecturas contra-históricas, metáforas aún, pero que desintegren nuestras convicciones más paralizadoras. De ahí saldrá la ciudad por llegar, para albergar lo que denomino vida con valor. Estas metáforas contramitológicas nos remiten a la reformulación de nuestros orígenes. Se ejemplificará con una doble contraposición de dos arquitectos y dos pinturas, Jean Prouvé y Rem Koolhaas, por un lado y la Fragua de Vulcano de Velázquez, y Santa Tecla rezando por la Plaga, de Tiepolo. Por el primer arquitecto, cerraremos el proceso de la construcción tal y como la conocemos y la fragua será su contramitología. Por el segundo, Koolhaas, abriremos a un mundo exterior donde debería aprovecharse la oportunidad de la visión de nuestro propio enclaustramiento, mental, para poder generar las preguntas liberadas de lógicas autoimpuestas. Será la composición del boceto de Tiepolo padre, la que nos haga retroceder hasta su encuentro, para volver con el impulso de Eros, figura que representa la aspiración revolucionaria a una forma de vida y sociedad completamente diferente. Se concluye que el procedimiento contramitológico es oportuno, aunque la dificultad de que se consiga una metamorfosis planetaria valiente, acorde a la pandemia que nos azota, no augure grandes transformaciones sociales. De no hacerlo, las mutaciones serán trágicas en las formas, sociales, públicas, espaciales, que se derivan de nuestras ciudades en corto plazo.
Los mapas y calendarios de la pandemia
Authors: Piazzini Suárez Carlo Emilio
Published: May 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 asociada al virus SARS-CoV-2 ha estado generando una serie de efectos severos sobre las experiencias de espacio y tiempo social, que amerita comenzar a identificar y comprender. En este texto se propone una aproximación inicial a la problemática, examinando cómo esas experiencias podrían estar dando continuidad o transformando regímenes espaciotemporales que ya venían en marcha. Para el efecto se analizan las medidas de confinamiento y regulación de los ritmos de la vida cotidiana, así como las proyecciones del comportamiento de la pandemia en mapas y calendarios. Ello conduce a identificar cómo operan unas geopolíticas y cronopolíticas de la pandemia, y a proponer algunas estrategias de cara a lo que sigue.
El virus cosmopolita: lecciones de la COVID-19 para la reconfiguración del Estado-Nación y la gobernanza global
Authors: Millán Natalia , Santander Guillermo
Published: May 2020

La crisis social, económica y política que se ha desencadenado a partir de la pandemia de COVID-19 esta afectando a todos los ámbitos de las organizaciones humanas. Esta epidemia ha puesto en evidencia la vulnerabilidad multidimensional de las sociedades contemporáneas configuradas bajo la lógica del capitalismo global. En este marco, el artículo analiza, en clave cosmopolita, el impacto de la pandemia desde la dialéctica local/global así como los posibles escenarios de respuesta a esta crisis trasnacional. El artículo concluye en la necesidad de reconfigurar y fortalecer los Estados-nación tanto para que estos ofrezcan protección y servicios públicos a su ciudadanía como para desarrollar una mirada cosmopolita que le permita comprehender y gestionar las amenazas trasnacionales a las que se enfrenta la humanidad.
Disforia de género en niños y controversias en su tratamiento: dos concepciones distintas sobre la identidad de género
Authors: Cox Cruzat Paula , Carrasco María Alejandra
Published: May 2020

La disforia de género es una marcada incongruencia entre el sexo que se siente o expresa y el que se asigna al nacer, asociada a un malestar clínicamente significativo o deterioro en lo social, que puede darse en niños, adolescentes y adultos. En relación con los pacientes pediátricos, no existe actualmente consenso sobre su tratamiento, así como tampoco evidencia que apoye claramente un enfoque por sobre otro. En la literatura se describen principalmente tres tipos de abordaje en niños preadolescentes: modelo terapéutico, watchful waiting (espera atenta) y modelo afirmativo. En este trabajo se realiza una breve revisión de la literatura existente sobre la disforia de género, se describen los distintos abordajes en niños y se analizan las visiones antropológicas que los sustentan. Plantearemos que existen al menos dos modos de entender la identidad de género, lo que ha dado lugar, en gran medida, a las controversias en los tratamientos propuestos. Por ello, resulta de gran importancia comprender los supuestos antropológicos en que se fundamentan estos modelos, ya que a cada uno de ellos subyacen diferentes maneras de entender la relación sexo-género en la persona y, por tanto, el rol de la corporalidad y de la autoconsciencia en la identidad de género.
Examining the Fear of Happiness Among Football Referees by Specific Variables
Authors: Togo Osman Tolga , Bozdoğan Tuba Kızılet
Published: May 2020

The aim of the present study is to determine the fears of happiness of football referees working in the Turkish Super League and 1st League. The study group consists of 23 chief referees, 36 Super League assisting referees, 8 Class A referees, and 48 Class A assisting referees (115 football referees in total). As data collection instrument, the Fear of Happiness Scale that has been developed by Joshanloo (2013) in order to determine the beliefs that happiness would cause certain negative/bad consequences was used. The study on scale’s adaptation to Turkish language and its reliability/validity was carried out by Demirci, Ekşi, Dinçer, and Kardaş (2016). In analyzing the data, the descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) tests were used. The statistical significance level was set to be p < 0.05. At the end of the study, it was determined that the Fear of Happiness scores by the marital status were found to be statistically significantly different in favor of single referees.
Trajectories of Academic Achievement in High Schools: Growth Mixture Model
Authors: Alhadabi Amal , Li Jian
Published: May 2020

The current study investigated patterns of growth in academic achievement trajectories among American high school students (N = 12,314) that were obtained from a nationally representative, public-use dataset (the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009) in relation to key demographic information (i.e., gender, grade level, socioeconomic status [SES] in ninth grade, and ethnicity) and a distal outcome (i.e., applying for college). Unconditional growth mixture model showed that the three-class model was most appropriate in capturing the latent heterogeneity (i.e., low-achieving/increasing, moderate-achieving/decreasing, and high-achieving/slightly increasing). Two covariates (i.e., gender and SES in ninth grade) were positively associated with the intercept growth factor (i.e., initial GPA) in two of the three achievement classes (i.e., high-achieving and moderate-achieving). In contrast, two other covariates (i.e., Hispanic and African American) were negatively associated with the intercept growth factor in all of the achievement classes. The multinomial logistic regression coefficients identified an increase in the likelihood of belonging to the following achievement classes: (1) Moderate-achieving, if the students were male or African American and of low SES, (2) Low-achieving, if the students were male and of low SES, and (3) High-achieving, if the students were female and of an ethnicity other than African American and high SES. The probability of not applying for college was higher among the low-achieving and the moderate-achieving classes compared with the high-achieving class (223 words).
The Level of Teachers’ Awareness of Smart Schools in Jordan
Authors: Alzyoud Mohammad Sayel , Alzyoud Mohammad Taha , Suleiman Bilal Mohammed
Published: May 2020

The study aimed to identify the level of teachers’ awareness of smart schools in Jordan. In addition, it sought to find the statistical significant differences (α=0.05) of the level of teachers’ awareness of smart schools in Jordan according to gender, qualifications and experience. The study used the descriptive approach. The researchers developed a questionnaire that consisted of 35 items to collect the data from the study sample. The study population consisted of 1,554 teachers, with the study sample consisting of 466 teachers who were chosen according to the stratified sample approach. The study results showed that Jordanian teachers have different levels of awareness of the smart schools philosophy, principles, requirements, and benefits. Teachers are aware of some elements of smart schools but are not aware of others. Teachers have a high level of awareness that smart schools have become a necessary part of the political, social, economic and educational development of contemporary nations. However, their awareness is moderate on the role of smart schools in promoting participatory (or cooperative) education that allows the exchange of experiences among learners who them benefit from each other. Also, their awareness is moderate on the role of smart schools in the transition of schools to be learning organizations and community institutions that are not separated from the local communities and their realities and problems, and contribute efficiently to the process of comprehensive development. In light of the study findings, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education start a national project to transfer Jordanian schools from their current traditional settings to be smart schools in the near future. In addition, the Ministry of Education and private schools should make Jordanian teachers aware of the philosophies, requirements, and the effectiveness of smart schools.
Workload Stress and Results Based Performance of Multigrade Teachers
Authors: Rotas Erwin Emperado , Cahapay Michael Bobias
Published: May 2020

Teaching is a multifaceted task. Teachers are inevitably exposed to superfluous teaching workloads and predicaments causing them stress. This research aimed to determine the relationship between workload stress and results based performance of multigrade teachers. It employed correlation research design involving thirty (30) purposively selected multigrade teachers in the Schools Division of General Santos City (GSC) during the school year 2015-2016. Following the survey method, a tailored questionnaire was used to gather the needed information. Secondary data were also collected. The statistical tools employed in the analysis were frequency distribution, percentage rate, weighted mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results revealed that the multigrade teachers experience moderate level of workload stress and high level of results based performance. It was further found out that there is no significant relationship between workload stress and results based performance, providing evidence that stress may not necessarily influence performance. This result offers unique implications in theory, practice, and research which are discussed in the study.
Charles Lewes's Career
Authors: Harris Margaret
Published: May 2020

Like many offspring of celebrity parents, Charles Lee Lewes, the eldest son of George Henry Lewes, is known—if at all—as a footnote to the biography of his father and stepmother, George Eliot. This article demonstrates his claims to consideration on his own account, particularly in his role as George Eliot's residual legatee, while acknowledging the advantages he derived from his family connections. Charles was employed in the Post Office, but had aspirations to a literary career, publishing translations, stories, sketches, and articles on topical subjects. He also prepared his father's work and George Eliot's Essays and Leaves from a Notebook (1884) for the press. Charles's wife, Gertrude, who succeeded him as literary trustee, was a sister of the reformer Octavia Hill, and her family also influenced his activities.
ESTUDO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTE DE SERVIÇO DE SAÚDE PARA REDUÇÃO DE CUSTOS ECONÔMICOS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Machado Gustavo , Yokoyama Lídia
Published: May 2020

As universidades e instituições de pesquisa geram cerca de 1% dos resíduos químicos perigosos no mundo, sendo, muitas delas, da área de saúde. Para que esses resíduos sejam tratados como efluente é necessária a adequação às legislações ambientais de disposição final de resíduos de serviço de saúde e lançamento de efluentes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma proposta de tratamento de efluente de laboratório de assistência à saúde, por meio de processos oxidativos avançados (POA). Utilizou-se efluente gerado de equipamento de análise, Labmax 240 Premium, o qual realiza testes bioquímicos e imunoquímicos de sangue e soro humano, oriundo do Laboratório de Diagnóstico, Ensino e Pesquisa do Centro de Saúde EscolaGermano Sinval Faria (ENSP/Fiocruz). Para tratamento do efluente, foram comparadas as seguintes alternativas: peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), fotólise (UV), H2O2/UV, reagente de Fenton e foto-Fenton. Entre todos os POA estudados, o reagente de Fenton apresentou os melhores resultados nas condições de concentração molar de oxidante 3:1 (H2O2:DQO) com adição única; razão mássica de catalisador Fe2+ foi 5:1 (H2O2:Fe2+) e pH 2,0. As eficiências de remoção foram de DQO de 73,4%, de demanda bioquímicade oxigênio (DBO) de 46%, de turbidez de 90,1%, ocorrendo consumo total do oxidante (H2O2) e geração de 2.126 mg/L de lodo, de modo que o efluente final se adequou à legislação ambiental. A análise econômicaverificou uma economia de 71,8% no custo total em relação à disposição praticada, incineração, o que a torna viável e indica que o método utilizado gera menores impactos ambientais globais.
TRANSLINGUAGENS: DISCURSO, POLÍTICAS E PEDAGOGIAS
Authors: Hilsdorf Rocha Claudia , Tanzi Neto Adolfo
Published: May 2020

A translinguagem pode ser concebida como um conceito ainda em evolução. (Re)Pensada a partir do contexto da educação bilíngue (GARCÍA, 2009), como uma forma de enfrentamento a visões monolíticas e racionalistas diante da linguagem, do sujeito e da cultura, a translinguagem seguiu evidenciando-se como uma ruptura paradigmática no campo dos Estudos da Linguagem, expandindo a noção de comunicação para além das palavras e línguas individuais ou nominadas, em favor de processos e práticas de construção de sentidos, ideológica e historicamente situados e ecologicamente constituídos (CANAGARAJAH, 2013, 2017a/b). Alinhada às ideias do pós-estruturalismo, a noção de translinguagem vincula-se a ideologias e práticas (educativas) que corroboram à luta por equidade e justiça social (GARCÍA; LI WEI, 2014), em seus mais variados aspectos, ao mesmo tempo em que celebram a mobilidade, a mistura e a dinamicidade linguística, cultural, identitária e política sob lentes mais plurais, abertas e transgressivas. Performativas por natureza, as práticas translíngues mostram-se criativas, críticas, estratégicas e flexíveis (LI WEI, 2011; GARCÍA; WEI, 2014), situando-se em meio a espaços de tensão e ruptura, abertos à desestabilização e à transformação. Em sua complexidade, as translinguagens imbricam-se em discursos e ideologias que podem, em uma roupagem restritiva, servir a discursos neoliberais, e, em contrapartida, assumir formas mais expansivas que potencialmente rompem modos mais autoritários e opressores de discurso e vida (Canagarajah, 2017a). Este dossiê é pensado nesse horizonte, em que a translinguagem evidencia sua pluralidade e, por decorrência, realiza-se como filosofia, como espaços de crise e criatividade, como um conjunto de práticas pedagógicas, como discursos, ideologias e políticas potencialmente transgressoras, entre outras possibilidades.
Piotr Wandycz as Historian of Diplomacy of the Reborn Poland (1918–1939)
Authors: Kornat Marek
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to professor Piotr Wandycz’s (1923–2017) work in the field of history of diplomacy. The author tries to reexamine his main arguments and conceptions. Wandycz was first of all the historian of French-Polish-Czechoslovak and Soviet-Polish relations in the inter-war era, but not only. His major contribution to historiography was made in the research on Polish foreign policy (1919–1939). Wandycz’s thesis that the Polish policy of balance between Germany and Soviet Russia had no real strategic alternative seems to be one of the most convincing interpretations of the inter-war Poland’s diplomacy. The geopolitical situation of the reconstructed Poland was highly unfavorable. and Wandycz was convinced of it more than any other historian in the West. Working on international relations in the inter-war Europe, he preferred rather multilateralism than bilateralism. In his studies we can find more empathy for more moderate Polish ministers of foreign affairs like Aleksander Skrzyński (1922–1926) or August Zaleski (1926–1932) than Józef Beck (1932–1939). Wandycz’s excellent works require the special attention of historians.