bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AT WORKPLACE: AN OVERVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY IN MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)
Authors: Azmi Ruzita , Ahmad Siti Nur Samawati , Mustafa Kamil Bidayatul Akmal
Published: January 2021

Surveys showed that workers in Malaysia are at high risk of health problems including mental health problems that stemmed from the rising stress level at work. Despite having employees’ safety, health, and welfare being codified, depression will be a major mental health illness among Malaysian by 2020. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) that caters to legislative framework in terms of securing safety, health, and welfare among Malaysian workforces has no provisions to provide a supportive environment for mental health wellbeing at the workplace as well as support for employees with a mental health problem. Furthermore, OSHA 1994 is self-regulated, causing fewer employers to develop OSH codes of practice and guidelines. This is among the weaknesses of OSHA 1994. This paper aims to examine the existing law and policy in Malaysia on mental health at the workplace. It also aims to compare the policy and legal framework in developed commonwealth countries such as the UK. This paper applies qualitative and comparative methods, consisting of a doctrinal legal research approach to understand the principles of law and policies dealing with mental health. A comparative method is employed in order to compare the policies and legal frameworks of mental health wellbeing in developed countries such as the UK. The comparative approach involves an examination of the similarities and dissimilarities between situations within the same legal system. The paper concludes that in order to support mental health and wellbeing at the workplace, a comprehensive legal framework and effective policy are needed especially for Malaysia. Compared with the UK, Malaysia is still lagged behind and has so much to learn from UK’s experiences to tackle issues on mental health.
The Educational Functions of the First Woman’s Almanac in Britain: Media Literacy and The Ladies’ Diary, 1704–1713
Authors: Miegoń Anna
Published: January 2021

While 18th-century almanacs transmitted usable information that was meant to be relevant to daily life, at the beginning of the century they also began to function as an educational tool that enabled readers to act as producers of media content, and, as a result, to develop media literacy via the practice of writing and responding to amateur poetry. In this article, I define media literacy as a cultural category shaped by specific media-related skills: the creation, interpretation, evaluation, and negotiation of media content. I examine John Tipper’s The Ladies’ Diary (1704–1713), one of the best-selling almanacs of the era, as an educational tool that, through the strategy of inviting and publishing amateur poetry, promoted and taught media competencies. Tipper’s almanac, I argue, should thus be acknowledged as an influential document in the history of media education.
PENGARUH SUPERVISI KEPALA MADRASAH DAN KOMPETENSI GURU TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI SE-KABUPATEN SAMBAS
Authors: Arnadi Arnadi , Putra Purniadi , Hamdah Hamdah
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian; mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis dari hasil penelitian MIN Se-Kabupaten Sambas yang berjumlah 68 guru. Pengumpulan data dengan metode kuesioner. Uji validitas instrumen dengan teknik analisis product moment, sedangkan uji reliabilitas dengan koefisien alpha. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Sebelum analisis data terlebih dahulu diadakan pengujian persyaratan analisis uji normalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh supervisi kepala madrasah terhadap kinerja guru dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.029 dan besarnya pengaruh 0.070 (7%) (2) memiliki nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.459 (45.90%) dan (3) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan signifikansinya sebesar 0.00 dan 0.521 (52.10%) artinya pengaruh antara variable supervisi kepala madrasah dan kompetensi guru (X2) terhadap kinerja guru (Y) artinya memiliki kekutan tinggi. Implikasi penelitian ini pentingnya peningkatan kinerja guru yaitu peningkatan supervisi kepala madrasah harus dilakukan dengan baik baik dari perencanaan supervisi, pelaksanaan supervisi serta tindak lanjut supervisi sehingga guru mendapatkan pembinaan, perhatian dan pengawasan yang baik, dan merasakan bahwa dengan adanya supervisi kepala madrasah, guru dapat meningkatkan kompetensi dan kinerjanya. Semakin baik supervisi kepala madrasah yang dilakukan maka akan semakin baik pula kompetensi dan kinerja guru.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MAHASISWA PAI BERBASIS WHATSHAAP
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Jamil
Published: January 2021

Pembelajaran dapat berjalan efektif jika unsur-unsur pembelajaran dapat terpenuhi dalam proses pembelajaran. Factor pendukung keberhasilan itu juga tidak lepas dari penggunaan teknologi sebagai media pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dan memenuhi kebutuhan pendidik dan peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu untuk mempermudah kegiatan mengajar terutama dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) seorang pendidik hendaknya mampu mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi. Aplikasi Whatshaap merupakan media komunikasi yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif oleh mahasiswa PAI. Dengan mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis whatshaap, dosen dan mahasiswa dapat melakukan proses pembelajaran secara jarak jauh (Distance Learning). Methode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) yaitu dengan cara mengembangkan suatu produk kemudian dikembangkan dengan menguji keefektifan produk tersebut. Kemudian model penelitian menggunakan model CTL yaitu, model pembelajaran berbasis problematic, memanfaatkan lingkungan peserta didik untuk memperoleh kegiatan pembelajaran, memberikan aktivitas kelompok, membuat aktivitas belajar mandiri, membuat aktivitas belajar bersama masyarakat (Prihantoro, 2015). Tahapan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam mengembangkan aplikasi media pembelajaran adalah: 1.) menentukan konsep dan model pembelajaran, 2.) menentukan kompetensi dasar yang akan dicapai peserta didik, 3.) menentukan materi yang akan dimuat dalam media pembelajaran, 4.) menentukan evaluasi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana keberhasilan media pembelajaran yang digunakan.
श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता में निहित शांति शिक्षा
Authors: NARAYAN BADRI
Published: January 2021

श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता औपनिष्दिक दर्शन का विश्वसमाघृत प्रतिनिधि ग्रन्थ है, जिसके उपदेश प्राणिमात्र के कल्याण के लिये हैं । इन उपनिषदों का अनुगमन करके हम समसामयिक शैक्षिक समस्याओं का समाधान प्राप्त कर सकते हैं । गीता के अनुसार आंतरिक शांति, प्रेम व अपनत्व जैसे पवित्र भाव वास्तविक ज्ञान की कसौटी हैं । इसमें अशांति व दुःख के कारण एवं अन्तःकरण की प्रसन्नता व शांति के उपाय का पूर्णतः व्यावहारिक विवेचन किया गया है । कामना एवं स्वार्थसिद्धि के लिये किये गये कर्म सभी प्रकार की अशांति एवं संघर्ष के कारण हैं । गीता कामनाओं एवं कर्मों के नियमन का मार्ग बताती है, जिससे वैयक्तिक एवं वैश्विकशांति व सौहार्द का विकास  होगा । वैयक्तिक शांति हेतु गीता ने ‘निष्कामकर्म’ एवं ‘स्थितप्रज्ञ ’ अवस्था का आदर्श प्रस्तुत किया है । निष्काम कर्म का अर्थ लोककल्याण की भावना से निःस्वार्थ कर्म करना है । इस प्रकार का कुशल कर्म पूर्ण समायोजित, स्थिर व शांत चित्त वाला ‘स्थितप्रज्ञ’ व्यक्ति ही कर सकता है । इन आदर्शों से ही वैश्विकशांति व सौहार्द का मार्ग प्रशस्त होता है । गीता में वैश्विक शांति हेतु वाँछित वैयक्तिक गुणों को दैवीय संपदा तथा अशांति जनक अवगुणों को आसुरी संपदा कहा गया है । शिक्षा का उद्देश्य ‘दैवीय संपदा’ का विकास तथा ‘आसुरी सम्पदा’ का विनाश है । आधुनिक शिक्षा में शांति व मूल्य संकट निवारण हेतु हमें भगवद्गीता के आलोक में अपनी शिक्षा व्यवस्था का परिमार्जन एवं उन्नयन करना होगा ।

The Shrimad Bhagavad Geeta is a cosmopolitan representative of the ceremonial philosophy, whose teachings are for the welfare of all beings. By following these teachings, we can find solutions to contemporary educational problems. According to the Geeta, pious feelings like inner peace, love and affinity are real indicator of wisdom. Geeta describes causes of unrest and sorrow along with ways to obtain happiness of conscience and peace. The deeds done for the desire and self-determination are cause of all kinds of unrest and conflict. The Geeta describes ways of regulating desires and deeds, which can lead to the development of personal and global peace and harmony. For personal peace, the Gita has presented the ideal of 'Nishkam karma' and 'Sthitpragya'. Nishkam karma means selfless actions in the spirit of public welfare. This type of skilled work can only be done by a 'Sthitpragya', a person with a perfectly adjusted, steady and calm mind. These ideals pave the way for global peace and harmony. In the Geeta, the personal qualities desired for global peace have been called Divine wealth and unrestrained qualities are Devilish Wealth. The aim of education is the development of 'divine wealth' and removal of 'demonic wealth'. For having peace and solving value crisis, modern education system needs to be restructured in the in the light of the teachings of Bhagavad Geeta.
Exploring the Science of Marma - An Ancient Healing Technique: Its mention in Ancient Indian Scriptures
Authors: Mishra Alka , Shrivastava Vandana
Published: January 2021

The complex science of Marma holds an extremely important place in Ayurveda. The Marmas are specific anatomical locations in body through which vital life/bio energies of the human body flows. To be more specific, a Marma point is defined as an anatomical site where muscles, veins, ligaments, bones and joints meet together. These are very important places, serving as the ‘seats of life’ (Prana - the vital life force). Any injury to these parts may lead to severe pain, disability, loss of function, loss of sensation and death. Therefore, it has been stated in the scriptures that these vital points should not be injured, and should be kept intact even while performing surgeries. Recent research indicate that if any Marma point is inflamed or painful, then stimulating its nearby Marma points can help in alleviating this pain. Several studies and texts have reported the therapeutic benefits of Marma Therapy in treating various physical and mental disorders. Looking at the importance of Marma Science with regards to surgeries, as well as their recent use and future possibilities as an effective therapeutic procedure, the present study was undertaken for an in-depth study of the Science of Marma. The present article, which is Part-1 of this study, gives an account of various ancient / classical Indian scriptures, including the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Epics, Samhitas, etc., that mention different aspects of the Science of Marma. Both the spiritual aspects and complete anatomical description of Marmas are available in these scriptures. It is observed that the knowledge of Marmas was being extensively used for various purposes like warfare, self-defense, surgery, etc., ever since the Vedic age.
Mental Health and Psychosocial Impact of Migrant Workers during COVID19 in India
Authors: Mankar Dhananjay , Ghosh Rudrani
Published: January 2021

In a country like India with an exploding population of 1.3 billion people, COVID19 has been particularly brutal to the migrant workers. With a Google search of 13.60 crores, "COVID19 and Migrant Workers" has become one of the most important topics in the digital space which needs examination. Many studies showed a positive correlation between common mental disorders and adverse conditions like poverty, inequality, and financial debts and problems. The sudden declaration of the lockdown in March 2020 in a bizarre and episodic manner took a toll on the mind of these migrant workers. There was a significant deterioration of mental health among the migrant population which had even aggravated during the post lockdown period. Thus, the present exploratory research based on secondary data was done to explore the intricate details linked with the psychosocial impact of migrant workers during the COVID crisis suggesting a need of social support system for migrant workers during such events.
An Ayurvedic Perspective of Hrid Dhauti in Shatkarmas and its Impact upon Human Physiology
Authors: Yadav Sunil Kumar , Joshi Niyanta
Published: January 2021

Yoga is an ancient psycho-physical discipline used for the spiritual elevation from centuries. It starts with the sustainability and health of the body as it is the medium of human existence. Hence Yogic science emphasizes cleansing processes for the purification before the practice of asana or pranayama. It is also essential to gain the benefits of further practices such as Asana and Dhyana. Among the cleansing processes, Dhauti is a jewel. It is classified into four categories, Anatar dhauti (Digestive Track), Danta (Mouth), Hrid (Chest), and Moola shodhana (Rectum). In which Hrid Dhauti is prominent one. Here Hrid means heart, while Dhauti refers to wash organs. It is closely associated with the heart and its nearby organs such as stomach. These Hrid Dhauti is further classified into three methods, Danda (stem), Vamana (water vomiting) and Vastra (cloth). It consists of cleaning the esophagus and stomach in three ways and helps in the management of respiratory system and upper digestive system aliments. It also cleans the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to the stomach. Now it is essential to study the yogic techniques from the ayurvedic perspective. This study has been conducted to explore the physiological effect of Hrid Dhauti from the Ayurveda`s perspective.
Effect of Prosody of Rhythmic Yoga-Based Recitation on Positive and Negative Affect among Adolescents: A Four-Armed Comparative Study
Authors: Ganguly Mollika , Mohanty Sriloy , Mishra Sampadananda , Patra Sanjib
Published: January 2021

Background: Adolescence is a critical period of maturation and immense emotional and behavioral changes. Yoga-based rhythmic recitations have been established to improve emotional personality features. Aim: The current four-arm comparative study attempted to appreciate the rhythmic recitations/prosody on Emotional personality among adolescents. Method: 138 adolescents (age 12.11 ± 0.76 years) satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and randomly allocated into four groups i.e., Humming the recitation following a Chanda (HR), Chanting a mantra (CM), Reading an English phrase, and Silent sitting, based on sections of their respective grades. Group intervention was done for 5 minutes, 3 times a day, for 30 days. According to their allocated group was provided. Subjects were assessed with positive and negative Affect Schedules (PANAS) at baseline and post-intervention. Result: There was no difference in both domains of PANAS in within group analysis. However, the positive affect was statistically significant when compared between the groups (p>0.01). A post-hoc analysis revealed the superiority of the CM and HM groups in positive affect alone when compared with other two groups. Conclusion: There was no statistical difference between CM and HM groups in both domains of PANAS. A humming prosody and mantra chanting demonstrated a similar effect on the amelioration of a positive Emotional personality among adolescents.
Effect of Pragya Yoga and Pranakarshana Pranayama on Self-Concept level of Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Deshmukh Sunil
Published: January 2021

Juvenile delinquency is the result of negative self-concept. Self-concept is essence of personality. To Study the effect of Pragya Yoga and Parnakarshana Pranayama on self-concept level of juvenile delinquents, this prospective study was done on juvenile delinquents of Chhattisgarh, India. For this study, permission was obtained from the superintendent of Juvenile Care Home, Raipur-Chhattisgarh, India. A total hundred (N=100) participants were selected by experimental control group design. 14 to 18 years juvenile   delinquents were selected for this study. In this study, to measure self-concept level, the self-concept scale constructed by Dr. R.K Saraswat was used. All participants were divided in two groups, an experimental group (N=50) and a control group (N=50). The groups were divided in such a way that there was no statistical significance difference in baseline mean between both the groups before the start of the study. The practice of Pragya Yoga and Pranakarshana Pranayama was done regularly for 45 days by the experimental group. The result showed that Pragyayoga and Pranakarshana Pranayama treatment lead to to significant improvement of self-concept of juvenile delinquents (p<0.01) indicating utility of these Yogic practices in Juvenile delinquency.
Bohm`s Quantum Potential Approach to Consciousness from the Perspective of a Four-Valued Logic
Authors: Schmieke Marcus
Published: January 2021

Parallel to David Bohm´s development of a realistic interpretation of quantum physics, German philosopher and logician Gotthard Günther worked on a generalization of the classical two-valued logic to satisfy the ontological requirements of quantum physics as well as of cybernetics. Both of these new disciplines introduced information and consciousness into the terminology of science. These terms and concepts need to be reflected in logic, ontology and the theory of science. David Bohm suggested an expansion of his own model by generalization and iteration of the quantum potential to include consciousness and mental states into a new psycho-physical theory. This article proposes Günther´s four-valued logical system of meaning/reflection as a theoretical scientific frame for this expansion of Bohm´s theory and discusses its ontological implications.
Similarities between festivals ‘Diwali’ in India and ‘Samhain’ in European civilizations
Authors: Mathur Surendra
Published: January 2021

Diwali is an Indian festival which is still alive in European tradition in a different form. The ritual for celebrating the Diwali and its cultural significance has close similarities with Samhain in Europe to that of India. The present perspective looked into available evidences for similarities of ‘Diwali’ with Samhain in  European civilization.  The study has been analyzed by dividing this topic into four parts, 1) Name Similarities between Samhain and Diwali, 2) Dates similarities between Samhain and & Diwali, 3) the similarity in the way these both festivals are celebrated even today and, 4) lastly Similarities of ‘Samhain’ in European countries. It has also been the New Year of many sects of the world. These festivals are in the heart of all societies and sects in India and Europe and thus they can help re-emerge the mythological cultures of the world. Will India look its relation with European culture in the light of Diwali?
Horticultural Therapy: An Ancient Technique in a Modern World
Authors: Altman Gary , Patel Nrupali
Published: January 2021

Horticultural therapy utilizes plants and plant-based activities in the treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with various disabilities.  The practice has been in use since the time of ancient Egypt, Hindus and other cultures. In the United States, The American Horticultural Therapy Association is the professional society that has established educational and training standards for those wishing to practice in the profession of horticultural therapy. Various studies have shown the positive mental and physiological healing benefits of plant-based activities.  While horticultural therapy has not achieved the evidence-based practice standard on its own, this treatment approach is flexible and adaptable enough to be integrated into existing scientific evidence-based therapy practices in mental healthcare. Despite current challenges with horticultural therapy practice, the use of plants and plant-based activity as a therapeutic method will continue to have a role in the healthcare community. Plants and gardening activity are benign and non-threatening, making their use in therapeutic treatments an appealing approach to populations worldwide.
Emerging Sources of Renewable Energy: Technological Advancement of Traditional and Natural approaches
Authors: Doshi Ketan
Published: January 2021

माता भूमि पुत्रोहं पृथिव्या (Mata Bhumi PutrohamPrithivyah) - The earth is my mother and I am her son. It is the well-cherished VedicSanskrit verse and is most appropriateguide for the world's struggle for energy demands. Traditionally in Vedic culture and in modern times in many countries cow-based energy sources were used to fulfill the energy demands. Since the past more than 3 centuries, human race has adopted energy sources based on fossil, which are on the edge of extinction, as well as producing consequences like global warming, irreversible damage to natural sources like sea etc. These consequences are challengingexistence of mankind. Biogas energy and biomass are the traditional and natural energy sources. The present article highlights such sustainable emerging sources. Technological advancement in biogas energy, hydrogen from biogas and other sources, geothermal energy, and biomass have made significant technological advancement and emerging as alternative energy sources to which present scientific and governmental bodies are looking into it to curb the energy challenges.
4D Atlas: Statistical Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variability in Longitudinal 3D Shape Data
Authors: LAGA HAMID , Padilla Marcel , Jermyn Ian H. , Kurtek Sebastian , Bennamoun Mohammed , Srivastava Anuj
Published: January 2021

We propose a novel framework to learn the spatiotemporal variability in longitudinal 3D shape data sets, which contain observations of subjects that evolve and deform over time. This problem is challenging since surfaces come with arbitrary parameterizations and thus, they need to be spatially registered onto each others. Also, different deforming subjects, hereinafter referred to as 4D surfaces, evolve at different speeds and thus, they need to be temporally aligned onto each others. We solve this spatiotemporal registration problem using a Riemannian approach. We treat a 3D surface as a point in a shape space equipped with an elastic Riemmanian metric that measures the amount of bending and stretching that the surfaces undergo. A 4D surface can then be seen as a trajectory in this space. With this formulation, the statistical analysis of 4D surfaces can be cast as the problem of analyzing trajectories, or 1D curves, embedded in a nonlinear Riemannian manifold. However, performing the spatiotemporal registration, and subsequently computing statistics, on such nonlinear spaces is not straightforward as they rely on complex nonlinear optimizations. Our core contribution is the mapping of the surfaces to the space of Square-Root Normal Fields (SRNF) where the L2 metric is equivalent to the partial elastic metric in the space of surfaces. Thus, by solving the spatial registration in the SRNF space, the problem of analyzing 4D surfaces becomes the problem of analyzing trajectories embedded in the SRNF space, which has a Euclidean structure. In this paper, we develop the building blocks that enable such analysis. These include: (1) the spatiotemporal registration of arbitrarily parameterized 4D surfaces even in the presence of large elastic deformations and large variations in their execution rates, (2) the computation of geodesics between 4D surfaces, (3) the computation of statistical summaries, such as means and modes of variation, of collections of 4D surfaces, and (4) the synthesis of random 4D surfaces. We demonstrate the utility and performance of the proposed framework using 4D facial surfaces and 4D human body shapes.
A Survey and Experimental Study on Privacy-Preserving Trajectory Data Publishing
Authors: Jin Fengmei , Hua Wen , Francia Matteo , Chao Pingfu , Orlowska Maria , Zhou Xiaofang
Published: January 2021

Trajectory data has become ubiquitous nowadays, which can benefit various real-world applications such as traffic management and location-based services. However, trajectories may disclose highly sensitive information of an individual including mobility patterns, personal profiles and gazetteers, social relationships, etc, making it indispensable to consider privacy protection when releasing trajectory data. Ensuring privacy on trajectories demands more than hiding single locations, since trajectories are intrinsically sparse and high-dimensional, and require to protect multi-scale correlations. To this end, extensive research has been conducted to design effective techniques for privacy-preserving trajectory data publishing. Furthermore, protecting privacy requires carefully balance two metrics: privacy and utility. In other words, it needs to protect as much privacy as possible and meanwhile guarantee the usefulness of the released trajectories for data analysis. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive study and systematic summarization of existing protection models, privacy and utility metrics for trajectories developed in the literature. We also conduct extensive experiments on a real-life public trajectory dataset to evaluate the performance of several representative privacy protection models, demonstrate the trade-off between privacy and utility, and guide the choice of the right privacy model for trajectory publishing given certain privacy and utility desiderata.
Rekognisi dan Reposisi Aktor dalam Asimilasi Hukum Lama di Nagari (Baru) Sumatera Barat
Authors: Rahmat Aulia
Published: January 2021

Nagari as a system of local wisdom that lives in the Minangkabau society has a long way in it relation to national law and international values, especially in the era of transnationalization of law. The regulations have been always led to a shifted the structure and function of the customary government structure in Minangkabau. This article is an evaluation of existing Nagari Government regulations in West Sumatra. The paradigm used is constructivist with a socio-legal approach. The result indicate that there is a shift in the order, structure, and function of cultural actors in society in the established local laws. The formation of local laws regarding Nagari as a response to the opportunities provided by the Village Law reaffirms the independence of the nagari through the existence of the Adat Salingka Nagari. The discussion to results leads to the use of the old legal assimilation in the legislation of Nagari Regulation has not succeeded to present a representative local law in protecting local wisdom in West Sumatra. So it is deemed necessary to minimize the state's domination of the people's needs in creating a balanced and comprehensive democracy.
"Bercadar Itu Pengakuan"; Reproduksi Makna Cadar di Kalangan Pengguna
Authors: Sartika Vivi , Yusuf M
Published: January 2021

This study aims to explain the production and reproduction of the meaning of the niqab among the female student who wear niqab at UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. This study used a qualitative research method (field research), with data collection using in-depth interviews with several female students that wearing the niqab at UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. This study uses Antony Giddens' structuring theoretical approach and focuses on how the female student who wearing the niqab produce and reproduce the meaning of the niqab in education. This study found that the actions of wearing the niqab take have created resources for female who wearing niqab in education. These resources can be seen from the reproduction of the meaning of the niqab as a form of applying religious doctrines (personal protection) and the niqab as a form of power (praying for individuals to wear the niqab). This study draws the conclusion that the resource is born on the basis of the practice of the women who wear niqab, but on the other hand, the practice is born in a structure that is restrictive and liberating.
Hate Speech, Agama, dan Kontestasi Politik di Indonesia
Authors: Utami Winda Wana , Darmaiza Darmaiza
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to explain the types of hate speech on Facebook and Instagram related to the political contestation of Joko Widodo as President in 2014, presidential candidate in 2019, and Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, Governor of DKI Jakarta in 2017. This research uses a content analysis approach. The result of study found several types that can be categorized as hatespeech, namely in the form of satire/sarcasm, hoaxs, cursing, distortion, insults, and negative criticism. The orientation that used in political moments is related to religion with regard to religious ideology. The term religion is used as a ripertoir for mobilizing, and the issue of ethnic, religion, race and groups (SARA) is used as a means of emphasizing political opponents. This study concludes that the current trend of political contestation is intertwined with the increasing politics of identity, religion and hatespeech as a form of democracy without morals.
Rasionalitas Beragama Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK)
Authors: Putri Rahmi , Syafruddin Syafruddin
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to explore religious rationality among prostitutes. This study is a case study with a qualitative descriptive method at the Panti Sosial Karya Wanita Andam Dewi Solok. Data was collected using in-depth interview techniques. Using Max Weber's rationality theory as an analytical tool, this study found several important findings. First, the choice to enter the world of prostitution is a rational action taken by prostitutes. The act of prostitution that is carried out is an action that is goal-oriented (instrumentally rational). Actions of prostitution are rationally strived to gain utility, either to show "himself" as a woman or as a person who is responsible in his family. Second, for prostitutes, between prostitution and religion, both are profitable. Prostitution can empower families and improve the economic sector, while religion can reduce and eliminate the sin of prostitution. Religion is not only interpreted as a doctrine that only regulates ritual aspects such as prayer, fasting and all kinds of things, but more than that religion is interpreted as an antidote for any sexual act committed in prostitution.
Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals in the Guava (Psidium guajava) for Their Health Risk Assessment in Kluang, Malaysia
Authors: Chee Kong Yap  , Azlini Razali  , Rosimah Nulit  , Shih Hao Tony Peng  , Chee Wah Yap  , Hideo Okamura  , Mohamad Saupi Ismail
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) in different parts of guava (pulps, peels and seeds) and its topsoil collected from Kluang, Malaysia, and to assess their effects on human health. The level of metals was determined using acid digestion method and atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb in all parts of guava were above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. However, the value of heavy metals in the topsoil were below the WHO limit. The concentration order of the metals in the guava's pulps was Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Ni. The contamination factor (Cf ) calculated from the topsoil were low for Cu, Zn and Ni and moderate for Pb. However, potential ecological risk (Er) of individual metal ranged from 0.25-7.58 for Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni was low. The potential non-carcinogenic health risk for consumers was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ). The contribution of heavy metals to the EDI for all consumers followed the order of Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Ni. The THQ values are all below 1 for all five metals tested, indicating no potential risk to the consumers. We suggest that the Kluang's guava is safe to consume. However, regular monitoring and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in the guava is recommended to be carried out.
Mobility Regimes, Subversive Mobilities, and Tourism
Authors: Cohen Erik
Published: January 2021

In this review article, Erik Cohen raises the question as to whether the contemporary social world is a collection of bounded entities, particularly nation-states, or an open borderless entity of global flows. He argues that while the mobilities paradigm implied a growing openness to
travel and tourism flows around the globe, new mechanisms of control and surveillance deployed by mobility regimes increasingly pose obstacles in the way of those flows. But, to him, the effects of these obstacles are not equally distributed on the global level. To show these differences,
Cohen discusses in some detail the concept of mobilities, the threats that engendered the contemporary mobility regimes, as well as the various mobilities that strive to subvert them. He shows how these factors impacted upon the shape of world travel and tourism flows. Cohen maintains that
by privileging tourists and other travelers from wealthy, particularly Western, countries, while excluding those from poor ones as undesirable visitors, those control and surveillance mechanisms exacerbate global inequalities in travel opportunities, even as they encourage the invention of
new methods of subversion of mobility regimes. He thereby concludes that the view of the social world depends on one's perspective: for the privileged people high on the mobilities hierarchy, the social world appears as a spectrum of free global flows, but for the excluded ones, low on that
hierarchy, it appears as a collection of bounded entities. (Abstract by the Reviews Editor)
A Recent Update on Formulation and Development of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bharkatiya Meenakshi
Published: January 2021

Oral route has been the most convenient and accepted  route of drug delivery. Owing to tremendous curative  benefits of the oral controlled release dosage forms are  being preferred as the interesting topic in pharmaceutical  field to achieved improved therapeutics advantages.  Gastro retentive drug delivery system is novel drug  delivery systems which has an upper hand owing to its  ability of prolonged retaining ability in the stomach and  thereby increase gastric residence time of drugs and also  improves bioavailability of drugs. Concept of novel drug  delivery system arose to overcome the certain aspect  related to physicochemical properties of drug molecule  and the related formulations. In this context, various  gastro retentive drug delivery systems have been used to  improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that have a  narrow absorption window, are unstable at alkaline pH,  are soluble in acidic conditions, and are active locally in  the stomach. Concept of novel drug delivery system  arose to overcome the certain aspect related to  physicochemical properties of drug molecule and the  related formulations. Various approaches are currently  used including gastro retentive floating drug delivery  systems, swelling and expanding system, polymeric bio  adhesive systems, modified shape systems, high density  system and other delayed gastric emptying devices.  Moreover, future perspectives on this technology are  discussed to minimize the gastric emptying rate in both  the fasted and fed states. The present review briefly  addresses the physiology of the gastric emptying  process with respect to floating drug delivery systems.  The purpose of this review is to bring together the recent  literature with respect to the method of preparation, and  various parameters affecting the performance and  characterization of floating microspheres. Attempt has  been made to summarize important factors controlling  gastro retentive drug delivery systems. Overall, this  review may inform and guide formulation scientists in  designing the gastro retentive drug delivery system.
Improved in vitro Release and ex vivo Permeation of Zotepine as Microemulsion Gel Formulation through Transdermal Application
Authors: Keshoju Akhila , Suram Dinesh , Golla Chandra Mouli , B Nagaraj
Published: January 2021

Zotepine is atypical antipsychotic drug with poor oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism and poor aqueous solubility. The objective of the current investigation was preparation and ex vivo characterization of Zotepine (ZT) loaded microemulsion (ZT-ME) and microemulsion gel (ZT-MEG) for enhanced transdermal delivery.  ZT-ME formulation was prepared with 7.5% oleic acid, 30% w/v of Tween80 and 30%w/v of absolute ethanol as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively. Optimized ZT-ME formulation was selected and converted to ZT-MEG using carbopol as gelling agent. ZT-ME and ZT-MEG subjected to in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies through rat skin, comparison with ZT coarse suspension (ZT-CS). ZT-ME formulation showed desirable physicochemical properties and stable with dilution stress. Prepared ZT-MEG formulation has showed better rheological behaviour and good spreadability. ZT-ME and ZT-MEG showed prolonged release compared with ZT-CS formulation over 24 h. ZT-ME and ZT-MEG exhibited 5-folds and 3.5-folds in permeation through rat skin compared with ZT-CS formulation. Overall, ZT-MEG formulation could be considered as an alternative delivery approach for enhanced skin delivery.
Molecular Modeling and Computer-Designing for New Compounds Starting From Thiazolidinedione Molecule as Anti-Hyperglycemics
Authors: Awad Mohamad Yahia Shikh
Published: January 2021

In the quest for novel PPAR-γ agonists as putative drugs  for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, a new test set  molecules were proposed as bioisosteric analogues to  the anti-diabetic thiazolidine-2, 5-diones (TZDs). Virtual  screening fitting study of these new molecules with the  generated discovery studio (DS) common feature PPAR-γ  agonist's hypothesis has predicted that most of these are  active as PPAR-γ agonist and hence they are as  antidiabetic-type 2 agents. Furthermore, molecular  docking virtual screening for these active compounds, with the binding site of the PPAR-γ enzyme, revealed that  the 2-pyrazolin-5-one and pyrazolidine-3,5-dione  derivatives have higher or similar docking scores like that  of the rosiglitazone. Also, the same docking study  revealed that these compounds have the same binding  site. This predicted that the designed proposed new  molecules are considered PPAR-γ agonists active, and  hence they are recommended to be synthesized as  potential anti-diabetic type-2 agents.
Recent Advances in Nanogels in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sayantan , Trivedi Pragati
Published: January 2021

Over the last decades, the development of  nanotechnology has caused great advances and growth  in the field of nanoparticle-based medical sciences,  especially in the area of drug delivery. These novel nano based systems can either be therapeutic agents  themselves, or else act as vehicles to carry different  active pharmaceutical agents into specific parts of the  body. Keeping the point in thoughts it is believed that the  tagging of presently used therapeutic compounds to  nanocarriers will likely lead to improved approaches for  enlightening the drug activity of these therapeutic  compounds and suggestively improves our aptitude to  treat numerous human diseases and would be an aid to  tissue regeneration, wound healing, and surgical devices.  Here in this report we are specifically taking Nanogel into  consideration, Nanogels are one of the techniques in  nanotechnology which has been most prevalent in  successful medication delivery inside the body and in  addition topical treatment, nanogel and hydrogel formulations have shown promising advantages for  topical and trans-mucosal routes of administration. The  nanoparticle drug within the gel matrix showed  significant enhancement in the permeation of drugs in the  topical and transdermal drug delivery. The quest of this  review article is to understand why nanogel is a  revolutionary drug delivery system, methods to prepare  them, applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical  discipline, mechanism of drug release from nanogel  carrier, features and advantages of nanogels, the main  characteristics, such as: swelling capacity, stimuli  sensitivity, the great surface area, functionalization,  bioconjugation and encapsulation of bioactive  substances, which are taken into account in designing  the structures according to the application; some data on  the advantages and limitations of the formulation also  investigate different approved nano formulations  currently on the market, and briefly cover the challenges  and future outlook as Nano carrier systems.
Physiognomy and Antibacterial Activity of Mycosynthesized Iron Nanoparticles from Penicillium critinum Thom, an Arsenic Removing Fungus
Authors: Shrivastava Karuna , Pramanik Biswajit
Published: January 2021

Nanotechnology is well established and an essential field  of material science research due to production of ultra smaller particle size with distinctive surface properties.  The fungi are ubiquitous in nature and versatile in growth  and metal tolerance ability. The present study reveals a  positive relationship between arsenic metal removing  ability of an aquatic fungus isolated from arsenic  contaminated ground water and its potential for the  synthesis of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles. The  mycobiosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs)  employing a fungus named Penicillium citrinum is being  first time reported as an eco-friendly process for the  synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The mycobiosynthesis of iron nanoparticles was confirmed to the  change of colour of solution (fungus + iron oxide + water)  from greenish to brown. These Fe-NPs were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),  Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Powder  Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transforms Infra-red (FTIR)  analysis. Ultraviolet–visible spectrum of the aqueous  medium containing iron ions showed a peak at 230 nm  and another peak at 245 nm. The morphology of Fe-NPs  was found to be rounded in shape mostly by SEM and  the average particle diameter as determined by Dynamic  Light Scattering (DLS) analysis was found to be 8 ± 3 nm,  where particles size ranged from 5 to 11 nm. The  mycosynthesized Fe-NPs have exhibited high  antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and  Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria hence may be  recommended to exercise for drug discovery and disease  control effectively.
In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro Mucoadhesive Strength Assessment of Potential Pharmaceutical Bio-resource Polymer from Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb seeds
Authors: Singh Sudarshan , Dodiya Tanvi R , Dodiya Rajesh , Singh Sangeeta , Bothara Sunil B
Published: January 2021

In this study, an oral bio-based mucoadhesive polymer was developed from Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb (Ebenaceae) seed mucilage and evaluated for mucoadhesive strength. The mucilage showed shear stress results (0.140 ± 0.0007N), with comparable adhesiveness to HPMC E5 (0.098 ± 0.0008N). Force of adhesion required to detach the seed mucilage and HPMC E5 tablets from the mucin of intestinal tissue were 0.0509 ± 0.0007 (N) and 0.0049 ± 0.0006 (N). Seed mucilage revealed significant higher detachment time, erosion time, in vitro wash off time and ex vivo residence compared to HPMC E5 and lactose tablets (p<0.01). In vivo test indicated that seed mucilage tablets possessed good mucoadhesive strength compared to HPMC E5 and resisted disintegration for ≤ 8 h. The swelling index and wetting time showed comparable results between the mucilage and synthetic polymer tablets. Mucilage demonstrated high moisture absorption, percentage hydration, and matrix erosion of 20.0 ± 0.037, 53.66 ± 0.127, and 20.00 ± 0.077 compared to HPMC E5 10.0 ± 0.079, 36.00 ± 0.089, and 1.26 ± 0.085. The mucoadhesive properties of seeds mucilage were comparable to guar gum and HPMC E5. Thus, seed mucilage of D. melonoxylon can be exploited for usage as pharmaceutical excipient in oral bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
D-Mannose-Decorated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil in the Therapy of Colon Cancer
Authors: Jain Sunil K , Dubey Vaibhav , Rajpoot Kuldeep
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer is one of the most familiar malignant tumor, which requires an efficient system specially fabricated for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is mostly used as an antineoplastic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Ligand-based targeting approaches increase the internalization of NPs within resistant cells, which results in highly well-organized treatment, markedly reduces systemic toxicities, and minimize collateral damage to adjacent healthy cells. Mannose-conjugation was carried out to increase its uptake by the cancer cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. It was attempted to develop d-mannose conjugated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) entrapped nanoparticles (NPs) with an objective to target colon cancer. The conjugated-NPs were characterized for distinct parameters, for instance, pH, viscosity, morphology of particles, particle size (PS), size-distribution, polydispersity index, %yield, surface charge, and entrapment efficiency. However, formulations were also examined (in vitro) for cell cytotoxicity against CT26 and drug leakage in dissolution fluid. The fabricated NPs produced sustained drug release effect and exhibited release of 5-FU for 24 h. In addition, conjugation of d-mannose with NPs significantly augmented sustained effect over non-conjugated formulations. The preliminary results obtained for this study suggested that conjugation of d-mannose with chitosan NPs augmented the targeting effect in colon cancer. In conclusion, d-mannose conjugated NPs proved to be a more efficient carrier system over other conventional formulation as a delivery system for tumor.
PENGARUH HARGA, BRAND IMAGE DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK OBAT BERMEREK PADA PT. BERNOFARM
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati , Gea Deni
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine how the Price, Brand Image and quality influence on purchasing decisions for branded drug products. This research was conducted at PT. Bernofarm Tbk Padang. The data used in this study came from the answer scores obtained for distributed questionnaires. The testing methods used in this study are normality test, multicollinearity test, heterokesidity test, multiple regression analysis, then use the statistical F test, the t statistic test and the coefficient of determination test (R2) with a significance level of 5%. The results of this study indicate that the price has a significant effect on purchasing decisions for branded drug products, Brand Image has a positive but not significant effect on purchasing decisions for branded drug products while the quality of the products has a positive but not significant effect on purchasing decisions for branded drug products.
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN DALAM MEDIASI PERCEIVED OF RISK TERHADAP NIAT BERBELANJA ONLINE DI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM (STUDI PADA WANITA DI KOTA PADANG)
Authors: Resty Fenisi , Wiska Mayroza
Published: January 2021

One of the effective social media for online shopping is Instagram. Shopping online on social media Instagram, consumers only see products in photos, catalogs and videos without knowing the quality of the product, because buyers do not meet directly with the seller only through gadgets, cellphones or computers. Trust is the main capital in online shopping. This research was conducted to examine the influence of trust in perceived of risk mediation on the intention to transact online shopping on social media Instagram. The sample of this research is 120 women in Padang City. The research method uses quantitative analysis techniques using a questionnaire, sampling method is non-probability sampling using purposive sampling tectic. This research uses SmartPLS version 3.0 software.