bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressões internas e externas na utilização de padrões de divulgação de informações socioambientais amplamente aceitos: uma análise sobre estrutura de governança corporativa, ambiente institucional e a perspectiva de legitimação
Authors: Ambrozini Luciana Siqueira
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2017v14n31p3O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se pressões internas, representadas pela estrutura de governança corporativa das organizações, e pressões externas, representadas pelo ambiente institucional legal e pressões exercidas por acionistas e credores, influenciam a utilização de padrões de divulgação de informações socioambientais voluntárias (i.e.GRI) amplamente aceitos. A amostra é composta pelas 96 empresas e foi utilizada a técnica estatística da Regressão Logística. Os resultados demonstraram que a estrutura de governança corporativa apresenta-se como fator relevante para utilização desses padrões de divulgação. A presença de um mecanismo de governança associado à responsabilidade socioambiental exerce influência na utilização dos padrões isoladamente do conjunto de mecanismos que compõem a estrutura de governança. O ambiente institucional legal não se apresentou significativo, enquanto as pressões exercidas por credores e acionistas apresentaram-se relevantes na decisão de utilizar o padrão de divulgação em análise. Os resultados corroboram para a perspectiva da legitimação da Teoria Institucional.
Mensuração e reconhecimento contabilístico dos ativos biológicos: um estudo de caso
Authors: Alves Maria Teresa Venâncio Dores , Pascoal Maria Olímpia Alvarez de Sousa Fernandes
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2017v14n31p46O setor agrícola continua a desempenhar um papel fulcral na economia e na sociedade portuguesa. É, também, um setor com especificidades que representam grandes desafios para a contabilidade, de que são exemplo os ciclos de produção, a atribuição de custos entre diferentes períodos, o tratamento de informação sobre animais vivos e plantas. A International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41 Agricultura encontra-se em vigor desde 1 de janeiro de 2003. Mais tarde, o Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC) veio a integrar a Norma Contabilística e de Relato Financeiro (NCRF) 17 Agricultura (2009, 2015) que se baseia na IAS 41. Estas normas constituem um importante contributo para a harmonização contabilística e consequente comparabilidade da informação em um nível não antes possível. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a conformidade com a NCRF 17 da informação produzida por uma empresa do setor agropecuário. Nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso exploratório e descritivo e recorreu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e à técnica da entrevista. A análise dos dados extraídos dos balancetes, do balanço, da demonstração dos resultados e do conteúdo da entrevista permitiu verificar que a empresa utilizava o justo valor, como requerido pela NCRF 17, com base nas cotações do mercado (existia mercado ativo), para a mensuração dos ativos biológicos. Porém, os registos relacionados com o apuramento do ganho ou perda de justo valor destes ativos eram efetuados, apenas no final do ano, pela diferença entre os animais adquiridos, nascidos e vendidos ou abatidos.
Cenas, impasses e abertura a campos possíveis
Authors: Maheirie Katia , Brizola Ana Lídia Campos
Published: July 2017

Editorial
Entre denominações geracionais: o que as narrativas acadêmicas nos ensinam sobre crianças e jovens digitais
Authors: Bortolazzo Sandro Faccin
Published: July 2017

A partir da intensa relação de crianças e jovens com artefatos digitais (tablets, smartphones, entre outros), este artigo – inscrito sob o referencial teórico dos Estudos Culturais em Educação – tem por objetivo expor algumas interlocuções entre tecnologias e educação, tendo como subsídio a emergência de diversas denominações geracionais. O estudo comtemplou três movimentações: apresentação de um panorama sobre o conceito de geração; o mapeamento das narrativas acadêmicas; uma análise de como tais narrativas estão implicadas em produzir um tipo de geração e de educação ao estilo “digital”. O aporte teórico se apoia em autores como Feixa e Leccardi, Tapscott, Prensky, Carr e Buckingham. As narrativas sinalizam os benefícios e perigos da imersão tecnológica, o que vem permeando igualmente a convocação ao uso dos aparatos tecnológicos nos espaços escolares.
Alteridade, vida pública e educação: discussões a partir de Richard Sennet e Zygmunt Bauman
Authors: Franco Leal Giuliana
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo, estabelece-se uma relação entre a educação e as dificuldades de construção de formas civis de convivência entre pessoas estranhas umas às outras, no mundo contemporâneo. A pesquisa, teórica, baseia-se em textos de Richard Sennet e Zygmunt Bauman sobre a crise na vida pública. Os objetivos são responder, acrescentando reflexões próprias às suas obras: (1) Como se dá uma crise na vida pública entre os séculos XX e XXI? (2) Quais são suas consequências sociais? (3) Existem alternativas àquela crise, das quais a educação – em especial a educação formal, no ensino básico – possa participar? Como? Um olhar sobre a realidade mostra que a educação tende a se voltar a finalidades privadas, mas a escola pode ser também um dos instrumentos de fortalecimento da vida pública, por caminhos aqui discutidos.
Homens autores de violência contra mulheres: políticas públicas, desafios e intervenções possíveis na América Latina e Portugal
Authors: F. Toneli Maria Juracy , Beiras Adriano , Ried Juliana
Published: July 2017

A partir de pesquisas desenvolvidas no contexto da América Latina e Portugal que mapearam programas de atendimento a homens autores de violência contra mulheres, este artigo busca problematizar como homens autores de violência têm sido visibilizados pelas políticas públicas. São iniciativas de entidades não governamentais, em sua grande maioria, que desenvolvem programas para o atendimento ao homem, embora tenha crescido no Brasil intervenções governamentais depois da criação da Lei Maria da Penha. Em Portugal, dos quatro programas visitados, três deles estão vinculados a universidades e outro a um hospital.  Ao esboçar alguns dos enfrentamentos para atender a demanda masculina, o êxito dos programas precisa ser salientado, ao propor atendimentos educativos reflexivos e/ou terapêuticos. Através da elaboração e fortalecimento de políticas públicas e de intervenções que deem visibilidade aos homens autores de violência amplia-se a possibilidade de promover mudanças neste cenário.
Percursos e experiências da psicologia no sistema único de assistência social em Joinville/SC
Authors: Andrade Letícia De , Gomes Allan Henrique , De Souza Josyane Alves , Braga Guilherme Caetano
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho nasceu do propósito de conhecer a participação da psicologia na implantação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social no município de Joinville - SC. A composição metodológica que norteou a atividade desta investigação foi a pesquisa de campo exploratória de cunho qualitativo, com a produção de informações realizada por meio de entrevistas, com três profissionais que participaram/contribuíram no processo histórico de implantação da política municipal de assistência social nos parâmetros do SUAS. As entrevistas foram analisadas a partir do método de análise de conteúdo, especialmente, no diálogo com referências da psicologia social brasileira. A partir das memórias e experiências das três participantes da pesquisa foi possível conhecer questões históricas da implantação do SUAS e dos serviços ofertados na cidade, bem como os dilemas na atuação profissional, afetações e desafios. Além de reflexões acerca dos aspectos relacionados aos modos de fazer assistência e a constituição dos trabalhadores deste setor.
The Procedure of Seed Potato Certification in Morocco
Authors: Eljai Fadoua , Slamini Meryem , Mzabri Ibtissam , Bekkouch Ibtihal , Kouddane Nour Eddine , Berrichi Abdelbasset
Published: July 2017

The potato -Solanum tuberosum- is a geophyte of the Solanaceae family and represents the first crops in Morocco. Thanks to its high nutritional value, the seed requirements attain around 160000 T of which 70% originate from the previous production, the reason behind the limitation of the market’s development. Considering the importance of the certified seeds, Morocco has signed a program contract to develop this sector. The production of certified potato seedling is a whole process that begins with the selection of plants and goes on until the marketing of the product where the producer should absolutely respect the cultivation processes and hygiene standards. Establishing and ensuring compliance with these standards is carried out by the National Office of Sanitary Safety and Food Supplies (ONSSA). The purpose of the present work is to summarize and represent briefly the certification standards of potato seeds in Morocco.
Estrés osmótico y germinación de Yucca elata y Menodora scabra, dos especies de plantas nativas del desierto Chihuahuense
Authors: Prado-Tarango David E. , Melgoza-Castillo Alicia , Mata-González Ricardo , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico
Published: July 2017

La propagación de plantas es esencial para la restauraciónde ecosistemas degradados. Las zonas áridas presentan especies vegetales altamente resistentes a la sequía como Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. y Menodora scabra A. Gray. Generalmente se acepta que, como parte del cambio climático, la sequía puede intensificarse en duración y frecuencia en estas zonas. Por lo tanto, la germinación de las dos especies se evaluó en diferentes niveles de estrés osmótico para determinar su respuesta a diferentes niveles de humedad. La germinación en las dos especies se redujo a medida que se incrementó el estrés osmótico, pero en Y. elata no se presentó inhibición (13 % germinación), a -1.5 MPa, mientras que en M. scabra si se presentó inhibición (0 % germinación) a este nivel de potencial osmótico. Estas respuestas muestran que la germinación de Y. elata es menos afectada por la sequía que la germinación de M. scabra. Esto representa diferentes potencialidades de manejo en programas de restauración ecológica. Mientras que Y. elata pudiera tener éxito germinando directamente en el suelo en estrés por sequía, M. scabra pudiera establecerse trasplantándola en campo en etapa de plántula o con el uso de nodrizas.
Sustainability Impact Assessment – An Overview with a Holistic and Transdisciplinary Perspective towards Agricultural Research
Authors: Mendonca Savio Barros de , Laques Anne-Elisabeth
Published: July 2017

It is important to insert agricultural research in this paper by considering it as a strategic area for providing knowledge and a technological base for agricultural production, considering that this sector generates outcomes with respective impacts to rural zones, supply-chain, economy, society and environment, representing a key piece for reaching United Nations objectives of sustainable development to each country and to the planet. Aiming to analyze how agricultural research organizations (as for instance: INRA and CIRAD, from France and EMBRAPA, from Brazil) have driving sustainability impact assessment methodologies and their interaction with transdisciplinary and holistic principles, using as a base innovation concepts. This paper will display an overview on concepts and approaches about sustainability impact assessment, but looking from a transversal perspective, passing by an historical description on impact assessment and on concepts related to sustainable development and sustainability. We will search for unedited models of sustainability impact systems by converging holism, transdisciplinarity and sustainability. There are several methodologies but few demonstrate an integrated view with a transversal perspective. It is also imperceptible any concrete governance-managerial system for sustainability impact assessment, considering every stage of the process, from a strategic to an operational level, including, analyzing environment, economy and society dimensions as one unique perspective. Such as a complex and multidimensional sector of economy, agricultural research requires profiled sustainability impact assessment with an innovative and dynamic approach.
On the Strategies of Graduation Thesis Writing Teaching of Translation Major Undergraduates Based on Eco-Translatology
Authors: Lin Wang
Published: July 2017

Graduation thesis is an indispensible procedure for each undergraduate, which is crucial for successful graduation, employment, further study and even further development. However, due to most undergraduates’ ignorance of academic writing and the deficiency of current thesis writing course, thesis writing ability can hardly be enhanced and improved, accordingly, few good graduation theses can be produced among undergraduates. As a newly-launched major in recent a few years, translation major (BTI education, i.e. Bachelor of Translation and Interpretation) is also faced up with this problem. Eco-Translatology, a new theory combining ecology and translation studies, holds translation as adaptation and selection, which can also provide important enlightenment for thesis writing of translation majors. This paper, based on Eco-Translatology and current thesis writing course deficiency, aims to explore constructive strategies on how to give effective and efficient thesis writing course in hope of greatly improving thesis writing.
Sobre extensões narrativas, estilemas hiperbolizados e Patrulha Salvadora
Authors: Hergesel João Paulo
Published: July 2017

O processo de hiperbolização das marcas estilísticas de determinados personagens, quando estes são inseridos em uma nova diegese, pode ser considerado uma estratégia de extensão narrativa. Um exemplo desse fenômeno é a série Patrulha Salvadora, que aproveita os personagens construídos previamente na telenovela Carrossel: a transformação das características psicofísicas em habilidades sobre-humanas corresponde ao que entendemos por hipérbole de estilemas. Este trabalho, portanto, estuda a transição entre o natural e o exagero como forma de criar uma narrativa continuada.
Haru e Natsu: narrativa televisiva e identidade japonesa no Brasil
Authors: Sá Porto Maria Cecilia
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho pretende situar a minissérie Haru e Natsu – as cartas que não chegaram, produzida pela emissora japonesa NHK e transmitida no país pela Rede Bandeirantes, no empreendimento narrativo da saga da imigração japonesa no Brasil, postulando que a ficção televisiva, ao compartilhar versões e saberes acerca de determinada sociedade e época, torna-se ela própria “memória documental e histórica” (Motter 2000/2001). Aborda também a minissérie como uma narrativa sobre a nação, vista não como território, mas como um acervo de recursos identitários. Explora ainda a relação entre o gênero epistolar utilizado como recurso narrativo central nesta minissérie e o ponto de vista feminino que a autora constrói sobre os fatos da imigração japonesa ao Brasil.
Blindando relacionamentos: narrativas terapêuticas e racionalização dos afetos na escola do amor
Authors: Patriota Karla Macena , Casaqui Vander , Rodrigues Emanuelle Gonçalves
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo, partindo da premissa de que o campo religioso tem atuado na construção de discursos prescritivos sobre a gestão de si, fazendo aflorar afetos racionalizados, apropriados pelo sistema capitalista e enquadrados em narrativas que apresentam fórmulas para se alcançar a felicidade, propomos uma reflexão sobre a relação entre fé racional/inteligente, relacionamentos afetivos e ‘casamento empresa’ a partir da análise das narrativas terapêuticas do casal Renato e Cristiane Cardoso e seus desdobramentos na marca The Love School, disponibilizados em diversos espaços, como televisão aberta, internet, livros e no principal templo da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus - IURD, em São Paulo.
Sentido, Gravedad y Razones del Ciberplagio entre el alumnado de ESO de Andalucía
Authors: López-Gil Mónica , Angulo Rasco Félix , Vázquez-Recio Rosa
Published: July 2017

Este artículo tiene como fin mostrar parte de los resultados que se han extraído de la investigación “El plagio académico entre el alumnado de ESO de Andalucía” (EDU2009-14019-C02-02) financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. El principal objetivo del proyecto fue captar cuál era la concepción del alumnado andaluz de ESO sobre el ciberplagio. Nos centraremos en las prácticas deshonestas en la elaboración de trabajos académicos: su sentido, la gravedad y las razones que las motivan entre las que destacan el desconocimiento ante lo que es plagio, la procastinación y la complejidad de las tareas que se les requieren. Como instrumento de recogida de información se utilizó un cuestionario diseñado por el grupo de investigación Educación y Ciudadanía de la UIB (EiC) (Sureda et al., 2015), del que se obtuvo una muestra de 1.170 alumnos/as. La conclusión más significativa es que la evitación del plagio requiere de un aprendizaje en las tareas de gestión, organización y presentación de información, por una parte, y por otra, la necesidad de formación en los procesos de citación de fuentes.
Influencia social online: nuevas tecnologías en la comunicación del sector turístico
Authors: Gavilan Diana , Martínez-Navarro Gema , Fernández-Lores Susana
Published: July 2017

Internet ha revolucionado el sector turístico desde el punto de vista del consumidor y la empresa. La información actualmente es abundante y accesible y el viajero, cada vez más tecnológico, se ha convertido en prescriptor. Así, evaluaciones y comentarios hechos por usuarios anónimos en los sites de alojamientos representan una forma de influencia de gran impacto en la toma de decisiones que ha transformado los tradicionales modelos de comunicación de las empresas. Este trabajo estudia la influencia social que ejercen las valoraciones numéricas y los comentarios en el proceso de elección de alojamientos turísticos, teniendo en cuenta la susceptibilidad del propio usuario a la información que procede de otras personas. Para ello se ha realizado un experimento cuyas conclusiones revelan que las evaluaciones constituyen un factor crítico en la decisión, pero están supeditadas al volumen de comentarios y que la susceptibilidad del usuario a la influencia social modera este proceso
Merco y RepTrak Pulse: Comparación cualitativa de atributos, variables y públicos
Authors: Pallarés Renau María , López Font Lorena
Published: July 2017

Este artículo localiza las nuevas acepciones de Reputación corporativa y sus implicaciones en la exponencial aparición de rankings y métricas de intangibles de las compañías. Tras una revisión teórica e histórica de los monitores, Merco y Rep Track Pulse, se realiza una comparación cualitativa de ambos; comparando dimensiones, atributos, metodologías, grupos de interés y resultados. El objetivo reside en encontrar las principales diferencias pedagógicas, heurísticas y sistemáticas (Nohlen, 2006). Cada monitor estudiado encuentra sus fortalezas en las debilidades del otro y viceversa. Se observará que Merco “no establece diagnóstico del nivel de compromiso de los grupos de interés, sino el grado en que la empresa cumple las condiciones para que se dé ese compromiso”. (Carreras Et., al 2013, p.347) Y que RepTrak, “se trata de una escala racional que explica la emergencia de actitudes racionales, propias de poblaciones con cierto nivel de experiencia o información”. (Carreras Et., al 2013, p.380)
La participación de la audiencia en la televisión: de la audiencia activa a la social
Authors: Romero-Luis Juan
Published: July 2017

La televisión tradicional sigue estando en casi todos los hogares de España. Es el medio que mejor ha soportado el empuje de las Redes Sociales. Sectores adheridos a este formato, como el publicitario, se resisten al cambio. Con su llegada se afrontan nuevos modos de medir las audiencias, nuevas formas de ver la televisión, y añaden la posibilidad de obtener feedback, en diferentes formatos, al esquema clásico de la comunicación de: emisor, mensaje, receptor.Este libro, La participación de la audiencia en la televisión: de la audiencia activa a la social, ha sido coordinado por Natalia Quintas Froufe y Ana González Neira y editado por AIMC, la Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación. Reúne un conjunto de análisis y reflexiones de docentes de diferentes universidades españolas. Se compone de 8 artículos que repasan el pasado y presente del medio tradicional por excelencia. Además, entre líneas, se anticipa el futuro que le espera a la televisión y la relación que tendrá con su audiencia, que dejará de prestarle atención a una única pantalla mientras ve la televisión. El consumo de televisión por parte de las audiencias está cambiando y la presencia de los teléfonos móviles o smartphones parece ser uno de las causas más determinantes.
A multi-scale model for hair follicles reveals heterogeneous domains driving rapid spatiotemporal hair growth patterning
Authors: Wang Qixuan , Oh Ji Won , Lee Hye-Lim , Dhar Anukriti , Peng Tao , Ramos Raul , Guerrero-Juarez Christian Fernando , Wang Xiaojie , Zhao Ran , Cao Xiaoling , Le Jonathan , Fuentes Melisa A , Jocoy Shelby C , Rossi Antoni R , Vu Brian , Pham Kim , Wang Xiaoyang , Mali Nanda Maya , Park Jung Min , Choi June-Hyug , Lee Hyunsu , Legrand Julien M D , Kandyba Eve , Kim Jung Chul , Kim Moonkyu , Foley John , Yu Zhengquan , Kobielak Krzysztof , Andersen Bogi , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Nie Qing , Plikus Maksim V
Published: July 2017

The control principles behind robust cyclic regeneration of hair follicles (HFs) remain unclear. Using multi-scale modeling, we show that coupling inhibitors and activators with physical growth of HFs is sufficient to drive periodicity and excitability of hair regeneration. Model simulations and experimental data reveal that mouse skin behaves as a heterogeneous regenerative field, composed of anatomical domains where HFs have distinct cycling dynamics. Interactions between fast-cycling chin and ventral HFs and slow-cycling dorsal HFs produce bilaterally symmetric patterns. Ear skin behaves as a hyper-refractory domain with HFs in extended rest phase. Such hyper-refractivity relates to high levels of BMP ligands and WNT antagonists, in part expressed by ear-specific cartilage and muscle. Hair growth stops at the boundaries with hyper-refractory ears and anatomically discontinuous eyelids, generating wave-breaking effects. We posit that similar mechanisms for coupled regeneration with dominant activator, hyper-refractory, and wave-breaker regions can operate in other actively renewing organs.
Status and Challenges of the National Service Training Program and Its Impact on Values Formation
Authors: Magbanua Jose
Published: July 2017

National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a very significant factor in the values formation of students. The study determined the status and challenges of NSTP and its impact on students ' values formation. The respondents were 349 NSTP graduates from school year 2013-2014. A set of researcher-made survey questionnaire was used as tool in data gathering. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used a descriptive statistics and Man-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis H Test at 0.05 alpha were employed as inferential statistics. All statistical computations were processed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results showed that the status of NSTP implementation as perceived by students as a whole and when grouped as to sex and program component was "good"and when classified as to course, Fisheries rated "excellent".  As to challenges of NSTP implementation, the Fisheries rated "serious" and when classified as to course, "very serious". The impact of NSTP on students ' values formation as a whole and classified as to variables was "high". No significance difference on the level of challenges was noted when variables were classified into sex and program component but a significant difference as to course. The good values of students at UA are greatly influenced by the program policies of NSTP training.
Energetics of eddy‐mean flow interactions in the Brazil current between 20°S and 36°S
Authors: Magalhães F. C. , Azevedo J. L. L. , Oliveira L. R.
Published: July 2017

The energetics of eddy‐mean flow interactions in the Brazil Current (BC) between 20°S and 36°S are investigated in 19 transects perpendicular to the 200 m isobath. Ten years (2000–2009) of output data from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) NCODA reanalysis, with a spatial resolution of 1/12.5° and 5 day averages, are used. The mean kinetic energy (MKE) and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) fields presented the same subsurface spatial pattern but with reduced values. The EKE increases southward, with high values along the BC path and the offshore portion of the jet. The values of the barotropic conversion term (BTC) are highest in the surface layers and decreased with depth, whereas the values of the baroclinic conversion term (BCC) and the vertical eddy heat flux (VEHF) are highest in the subsurface. Despite the vertical thickening of the BC, the highest energy conversion rates are confined to the upper 700 m of the water column. The energetic analysis showed that the current features mixed instability processes. The vertical weighted mean of the BTC and BCC presented an oscillatory pattern related to the bathymetry. The eddy field accelerates the time‐mean flow upstream and downstream of bathymetric features and drains energy from the time‐mean flow over the features. The BC is baroclinically unstable south of 28°S, and the highest energy conversion rates occur in Cabo de São Tomé, Cabo Frio, and the Cone do Rio Grande.
Impacts of pre‐existing ocean cyclonic circulation on sea surface chlorophyll‐a concentrations off northeastern Taiwan following episodic typhoon passages
Authors: Xu Fanghua , Yao Yuan , Oey Leo , Lin Yanluan
Published: July 2017

Off northeastern Taiwan, enhancement of sea surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) concentration is frequently found after typhoon passages. From 1998 to 2013, 46 typhoon events are analyzed to examine the variations in Chl‐a concentration from satellite ocean color data. On average, Chl‐a concentration increased by 38% after a typhoon passage. Noticeably, four remarkable Chl‐a increases after typhoons coincide with pre‐existing oceanic cyclones in the study area. The Chl‐a increase is significantly anticorrelated (p < 0.01) with relative SSH, defined as the difference of SSH in the study area and in the surrounding area. To assess the impact of pre‐existing cyclones on the upper ocean response to typhoons, we conduct a series of numerical experiments to simulate the oceanic response to Typhoon Kaemi (2006) with or without a pre‐existing oceanic cyclone, and with or without strong typhoon winds. The results show that the experiment with a pre‐existing oceanic cyclone produces the largest upwelling due to cyclone intensification, mainly induced by the positive wind stress curl dipole northeast of Taiwan.
Potential impacts of urban land expansion on Asian airborne pollutant outflows
Authors: Tao Wei , Liu Junfeng , Ban‐Weiss George A. , Zhang Lin , Zhang Jiachen , Yi Kan , Tao Shu
Published: July 2017

Eastern part of China (EPC) has experienced rapid urbanization during the past few decades. Here we investigate the impacts of urban land expansion over EPC on the export of Asian pollutants to the western Pacific during January, April, July, and October of 2009 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF/Chem) and a single‐layer urban canopy scheme. Over urbanizing areas, increases in the urban land fraction result in a linearly enhanced uplift of surface primary pollutants to higher altitudes. We further examine how this local effect would change outflows of Asian pollutants to the western Pacific using the tagged black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) tracers emitted from EPC (denoted by BCt and COt, respectively). Overall, a 0.1 increase in the fraction of land area that is urban over EPC would linearly (R2 = 0.70–0.96) increase the mean tropospheric eastward export of BCt and COt across meridional planes (i.e., 135°E and 150°E) by 4–40% and 1–6% in different months, respectively. The relative perturbation in exporting efficiency generally maximizes during July while minimizes during April. The urbanization‐export relationship is largely driven by the elevation effect and is also impacted by urbanization‐forced changes in zonal winds. The spatial pattern of the response of BCt over the downwind Pacific differs from that of COt mainly due to aerosol‐cloud interactions. Our findings demonstrate that extensive urban land expansion could substantially impact climate and air quality from a local scale to a regional scale, especially for shorter‐lived air pollutants such as BC and other aerosols.
Multiscale evaluation of NCEP and CRUNCEP data sets at 90 large U.S. cities
Authors: Tang Diandong , Ma Chun , Wang Yihui , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: July 2017

The data sets of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP I and II) and Climatic Research Unit ‐ NCEP (CRUNCEP) were evaluated by comparing against observational data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at monthly and annual scales, site, and regional scales. The evaluations were conducted for air temperature (maximum, mean, and minimum) and precipitation at the 90 largest cities across the United States. At annual scale, NCEP I, NCEP II, and CRUNCEP were slightly yet significantly underestimated for mean temperature (1%) and maximum temperatures (1%). The NCEP I was significantly underestimated for minimum temperature (1%) while overestimated for total precipitation (16%); the NCEP II was significantly underestimated for minimum temperature (2%) and total precipitation (2%); the CRUNCEP was significantly overestimated for minimum temperature (2%) and total precipitation (6%). At monthly scale, three data sets were underestimated for a majority of months in terms of monthly mean temperature, monthly maximum temperature, monthly minimum temperature, and monthly total precipitation except an overestimation of CRUNCEP on minimum temperature (48%) and monthly total precipitation (43%). At the seasonal scale, three data sets had smaller biases in summer season and larger biases in winter season for temperature, while larger biases in summer season and smaller biases in winter seasons for precipitation. Overall, the CRUNCEP data set had a slightly better performance than NCEP I and NCEP II data sets. This multiscale evaluation of the three most widely used regional climate data sets provides insightful information for atmospheric science studies, particularly urban heat impact investigation.
Relationship between cloud‐to‐ground lightning polarity and the space‐time distribution of solid hydrometeors in isolated summer thunderclouds observed by X‐band polarimetric radar
Authors: Kouketsu T. , Uyeda H. , Ohigashi T. , Tsuboki K.
Published: July 2017

To understand the charge distribution in thunderclouds associated with solid hydrometeors, the relationship between cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning polarity and the space‐time distribution of solid hydrometeors for isolated summer thunderclouds in Japan is examined using X‐band polarimetric radar. Hydrometeor classification was conducted to examine the space‐time distribution of dry snow, ice crystal, dry graupel (DG), and wet graupel in thunderclouds. Two thunderstorm cases were selected for analysis: 26 July 2010, which generated few positive CG flashes, and 25 August 2010, which generated positive CG flashes in the reflectivity cores. In both cases, negative CG flashes were observed in all reflectivity cores when a large volume of DG was identified above the height of −10°C level. This is consistent with previous studies showing that graupel particles have a negative charge below temperatures of −10°C. Reflectivity cores with positive CG flashes had a large volume of DG up to high altitudes (around or above the −45°C level). Further, reflectivity cores that sustained large DG volumes at high altitudes had a relatively large number of positive CG flashes. The top height of the DG volume reached lower altitudes for reflectivity cores without positive CG flashes compared with those with positive CG flashes. These results suggest that the persistence of graupel particles in reflectivity cores at high altitudes, implying the existence of strong updraft, is a necessary condition for positive CG flashes in summer thunderclouds. This effect would likely be caused by the positively charged graupel particles under high rime accretion rates.
The diurnal cycle of clouds and precipitation at the ARM SGP site: Cloud radar observations and simulations from the multiscale modeling framework
Authors: Zhao Wei , Marchand Roger , Fu Qiang
Published: July 2017

Millimeter Wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR) data from December 1996 to December 2010, collected at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, are used to examine the diurnal cycle of hydrometeor occurrence. These data are categorized into clouds (−40 dBZe ≤ reflectivity < −10 dBZe), drizzle and light precipitation (−10 dBZe ≤ reflectivity < 10 dBZe), and heavy precipitation (reflectivity ≥ 10 dBZe). The same criteria are implemented for the observation‐equivalent reflectivity calculated by feeding outputs from a Multiscale Modeling Framework (MMF) climate model into a radar simulator. The MMF model consists of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model with conventional cloud parameterizations replaced by a cloud‐resolving model. We find that a radar simulator combined with the simple reflectivity categories can be an effective approach for evaluating diurnal variations in model hydrometeor occurrence. It is shown that the MMF only marginally captures observed increases in the occurrence of boundary layer clouds after sunrise in spring and autumn and does not capture diurnal changes in boundary layer clouds during the summer. Above the boundary layer, the MMF captures reasonably well diurnal variations in the vertical structure of clouds and light and heavy precipitation in the summer but not in the spring.
Evaluating the patterns of spatiotemporal trends of root zone soil moisture in major climate regions in East Asia
Authors: Zohaib Muhammad , Kim Hyunglok , Choi Minha
Published: July 2017

Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is a crucial variable in land‐atmosphere interactions. Evaluating the spatiotemporal trends and variability patterns of RZSM are essential for discerning the anthropogenic and climate change effects on the regional and global hydrological cycles. In this study, the trends of RZSM, computed by the exponential filter from the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative soil moisture, were evaluated in major climate regions of East Asia from 1982 to 2014. Moreover, the trends of RZSM were compared to the trends of precipitation (P), skin temperature (Tskin), and actual evapotranspiration (AET) to investigate how they influence the RZSM trends in each climate region. Drying trends were predominant in arid and continental regions, whereas wetting trends were found in the tropical and temperate regions. The increasing trends of Tskin and AET cause drying in arid and continental regions, whereas in tropical regions, these cause wetting trends, which might be due to convective P. In temperate regions, despite decreasing P and increasing Tskin, the RZSM trend was increasing, attributed to the intensive irrigation activities in these regions. This is probably the first time to analyze the long‐term trends of RZSM in different climate regions. Hence, the results of this study will improve our understanding of the regional and global hydrological cycles. Despite certain limitations, the results of this study may be useful for improving and developing climate models and predicting long‐term vast scale natural disasters such as drought, dust outbreaks, floods, and heat waves.
Seismic constraints on magma evolution beneath Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano from transdimensional Bayesian inversion of ambient noise data
Authors: Kim Seongryong , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Rhie Junkee
Published: July 2017

The magmatic process of continental intraplate volcanism (CIV) is difficult to understand due to heterogeneous interactions with the crust and the lithospheric upper mantle. Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano (MBV) is one of the prominent CIVs in northeast Asia that has shown a complex history of eruptions and associated magmatic structures. In addition, the relationship between the crustal magmatic structures and upper mantle phenomena are enigmatic due to the lack of consistent seismic constraints for the lithospheric structure. To enhance comprehensive understanding of the MBV magma evolution, we image the lithospheric structure beneath the MBV and surrounding regions using ambient noise data and the following two approaches: (1) multiple measures of ambient noise dispersion are acquired through different methods and (2) a transdimensional Bayesian inversion method is utilized to obtain unbiased results in joint analysis of the multiple data sets. The estimated Earth structure shows a thick crust (~40 km) and a crustal anomaly with relatively high S wave velocity in the depth range 20–40 km. This type of structure extends to ~100 km north from the MBV and is accompanied by the shallow and rapid S wave velocity decrease beneath the mantle lid (~80 km). Through a comparison with previous P wave models, we interpret this structure as a consequence of compositional partitioning by mafic underplating and overlying cooled felsic layers as a result of fractional crystalization.
Dense shelf water spreading from Antarctic coastal polynyas to the deep Southern Ocean: A regional circumpolar model study
Authors: Kusahara Kazuya , Williams Guy D. , Tamura Takeshi , Massom Robert , Hasumi Hiroyasu
Published: July 2017

The spreading of dense shelf water (DSW) from Antarctic coastal margins to lower latitudes plays a vital role in the ocean thermohaline circulation and the global climate system. Through enhanced localized sea ice production in Antarctic coastal polynyas, cold and saline DSW is formed over the continental shelf regions as a precursor to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). However, the detailed fate of coastal DSW over the Southern Ocean is still unclear. Here we conduct extensive passive tracer experiments using a circumpolar ocean‐sea ice‐ice shelf model to investigate pathways of the regional polynya‐based DSW from the Antarctic margins to the deep Southern Ocean basins. In the numerical experiments, the Antarctic coastal margin is divided into nine regions, and a passive tracer is released from each region at the same rate as the local sea ice production. The modeled spatial distribution of the total concentration of the nine tracers is consistent with the observed AABW distribution and clearly demonstrates nine routes of the DSW over the Southern Ocean along its bottom topography. Furthermore, the model shows that while ∼50% of the total tracer is distributed northward from the continental shelf to the deep ocean, ∼7% is transported poleward beneath ice shelf cavities. The comprehensive tracer experiments allow us to estimate the contribution of local DSW to the total concentration along each of the pathways.
An assessment of thin cloud detection by applying bidirectional reflectance distribution function model‐based background surface reflectance using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI): A case study for South Korea
Authors: Kim Hye‐Won , Yeom Jong‐Min , Shin Daegeun , Choi Sungwon , Han Kyung‐Soo , Roujean Jean‐Louis
Published: July 2017

In this study, a new assessment of thin cloud detection with the application of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model‐based background surface reflectance was undertaken by interpreting surface spectra characterized using the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) over a land surface area. Unlike cloud detection over the ocean, the detection of cloud over land surfaces is difficult due to the complicated surface scattering characteristics, which vary among land surface types. Furthermore, in the case of thin clouds, in which the surface and cloud radiation are mixed, it is difficult to detect the clouds in both land and atmospheric fields. Therefore, to interpret background surface reflectance, especially underneath cloud, the semiempirical BRDF model was used to simulate surface reflectance by reflecting solar angle‐dependent geostationary sensor geometry. For quantitative validation, Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data were used to make a comparison with the proposed cloud masking result. As a result, the new cloud masking scheme resulted in a high probability of detection (POD = 0.82) compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (POD = 0.808) for all cloud cases. In particular, the agreement between the CALIPSO cloud product and new GOCI cloud mask was over 94% when detecting thin cloud (e.g., altostratus and cirrus) from January 2014 to June 2015. This result is relatively high in comparison with the result from the MODIS Collection 6 cloud mask product (MYD35).
Inchbald,Elizabeth, Prose
Authors: Kimberly Caroline E.
Published: July 2017

Elizabeth Inchbald (née Simpson, 1753–1821) was an actress, dramatist, novelist, and critic whose career spanned the early to middle Romantic period. While her literary reputation tends to emphasize her contributions to the world of the theatre over her fiction, her two novels,A Simple Story(1791) andNature and Art(1796), were well received by her contemporaries. They remain strong examples of the influence of sentimental and domestic fiction, as well as conduct literature, on women's writing in the late eighteenth century.
Chitosan phthalate: A novel polymer for the multiparticulate drug delivery system for diclofenac sodium
Authors: Karuna Dasari Subramaniyam , Rathnam Grace , Ubaidulla Udhumansha , Ganesh Mani , Jang Hyun Tae
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the preparation of colon specific drug delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS) using maltiparticulate system with chitosan phthalate (CP). Technique adopted to prepare sphere shaped multiparticulate system was extrusion and spheronization. The prepared pellets resulted with good spherical geometry with 1.1 ± 0.20 mm diameter. DS loaded system shows a maximum delivery pH of 7.4 and the same depressed at pH 1.2. The developed system significantly (p < .05) increase in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of DS pellets when compared to that of pure DS. As expected the novel formulation showed a significant increase in oral bioavailability of DS for about three times. Additionally, the CP pellets of DS showed a momentous improvement in anti‐inflammatory activity and reduced/ inhibited ulcer index.
Body size of young adult Polish college‐age women born before, during, and after WWII
Authors: Liczbińska Grażyna , Czapla Zbigniew , Malina Robert M. , Piontek Janusz
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the young adult body size of Polish female university students born before, during, and after WWII.

Methods

Age, height, and weight of 492 students measured between 1956 and 1972 were accessed from the Department of Anthropology archives (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań). The sample was divided into three birth year cohorts relative to WWII: before (n = 120), during (n = 196), and after (n = 176). Birth years spanned 1935 through 1952. BMI was calculated. Body size among birth cohorts was compared with age of the student and education level of the father as covariates (ANCOVA).

Results

The birth cohorts differed significantly in height (P < .01), but not in weight and BMI. Women born during WWII were shorter than women born before and after the war; heights of latter cohorts did not differ. The trend for weight was similar, but differences were not significant. Birth cohorts did not differ in BMI.

Conclusions

Young adult heights of women born during WWII were shorter than the heights of women born before and immediately after the war, although differences were relatively small.
Diagnosis of Xeroderma pigmentosum variant in a young patient with two novel mutations in the POLH gene
Authors: De Palma Armando , Morren Marie‐Anne , Ged Cécile , Pouvelle Caroline , Taïeb Alain , Aoufouchi Said , Sarasin Alain
Published: July 2017

We describe the characterization of Xeroderma Pigmentosum variant (XPV) in a young Caucasian patient with phototype I, who exhibited a high sensitivity to sunburn and multiple cutaneous tumors at the age of 15 years. Two novel mutations in the POLH gene, which encodes the translesion DNA polymerase η, with loss of function due to two independent exon skippings, are reported to be associated as a compound heterozygous state in the patient. Western blot analysis performed on proteins from dermal fibroblasts derived from the patient and analysis of the mutation spectrum on immunoglobulin genes produced during the somatic hypermutation process in his memory B cells, show the total absence of translesion polymerase η activity in the patient. The total lack of Polη activity, necessary to bypass in an error‐free manner UVR‐induced pyrimidine dimers following sun exposure, explains the early unusual clinical appearance of this patient.
Coaxial Triple‐Layered versus Helical Be6B11− Clusters: Dual Structural Fluxionality and Multifold Aromaticity
Authors: Guo Jin‐Chang , Feng Lin‐Yan , Wang Ying‐Jin , Jalife Said , Vásquez‐Espinal Alejandro , Cabellos José Luis , Pan Sudip , Merino Gabriel , Zhai Hua‐Jin
Published: July 2017

Two low‐lying structures are unveiled for the Be6B11− nanocluster system that are virtually isoenergetic. The first, triple‐layered cluster has a peripheral B11 ring as central layer, being sandwiched by two Be3 rings in a coaxial fashion, albeit with no discernible interlayer Be−Be bonding. The B11 ring revolves like a flexible chain even at room temperature, gliding freely around the Be6 prism. At elevated temperatures (1000 K), the Be6 core itself also rotates; that is, two Be3 rings undergo relative rotation or twisting with respect to each other. Bonding analyses suggest four‐fold (π and σ) aromaticity, offering a dilute and fluxional electron cloud that lubricates the dynamics. The second, helix‐type cluster contains a B11 helical skeleton encompassing a distorted Be6 prism. It is chiral and is the first nanosystem with a boron helix. Molecular dynamics also shows that at high temperature the helix cluster readily converts into the triple‐layered one.
Direct Monofluoromethylthiolation with S‐(Fluoromethyl) Benzenesulfonothioate
Authors: Zhao Qunchao , Lu Long , Shen Qilong
Published: July 2017

An electrophilic shelf‐stable monofluoromethylthiolating reagent S‐(fluoromethyl) benezenesulfonothioate (1) was developed. In the presence of a copper catalyst, reagent 1 coupled with a variety of aryl boronic acids to give the corresponding monofluoromethylthiolated arenes in high yields. In addition, addition of reagent 1 to alkyl alkenes in the presence of a silver catalyst gave alkyl monofluoromethylthioethers in high yields.