bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Powerful AGN jets and unbalanced cooling in the hot atmosphere of IC 4296
Authors: Grossová R , Werner N , Rajpurohit K , Mernier F , Lakhchaura K , Gabányi K , Canning R E A , Nulsen P , Massaro F , Sun M , Connor T , King A , Allen S W , Frisbie R L S , Donahue M , Fabian A C
Published: June 2019

We present new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA, 1.5 GHz) radio data for the giant elliptical galaxy IC 4296, supported by archival radio, X-ray (Chandra, and XMM–Newton) and optical (SOAR, and HST) observations. The galaxy hosts powerful radio jets piercing through the inner hot X-ray emitting atmosphere, depositing most of the energy into the ambient intracluster medium (ICM). Whereas the radio surface brightness of the A configuration image is consistent with a Fanaroff–Riley Class I system, the D configuration image shows two bright, relative to the central region, large (${\sim } 160\, \rm {kpc}$ diameter), well-defined lobes, previously reported by Killeen et al., at a projected distance $r\gtrsim 230\, \rm {kpc}$. The XMM–Newton image reveals an X-ray cavity associated with one of the radio lobes. The total enthalpy of the radio lobes is ${\sim }7\times 10^{59}\, \rm {erg}$ and the mechanical power output of the jets is ${\sim } 10^{44}\, \rm {erg\, s}^{-1}$. The jets are mildly curved and possibly rebrightened by the relative motion of the galaxy and the ICM. The lobes display sharp edges, suggesting the presence of bow shocks, which would indicate that they are expanding supersonically. The central entropy and cooling time of the X-ray gas are unusually low and the nucleus hosts a warm Hα + [$\rm{N\,{\small II}}$] nebula and a cold molecular CO disc. Because most of the energy of the jets is deposited far from the nucleus, the atmosphere of the galaxy continues to cool, apparently feeding the central supermassive black hole and powering the jet activity.
Quantum Bayesianism Assessed
Authors: Earman John
Published: June 2019

The idea that the quantum probabilities are best construed as the personal/subjective degrees of belief of Bayesian agents is an old one. In recent years the idea has been vigorously pursued by a group of physicists who fly the banner of quantum Bayesianism (QBism). The present paper aims to identify the prospects and problems of implementing QBism, and it critically assesses the claim that QBism provides a resolution (or dissolution) of some of the long-standing foundations issues in quantum mechanics, including the measurement problem and puzzles of nonlocality.
Identification of DNA motifs that regulate DNA methylation
Authors: Wang Mengchi , Zhang Kai , Ngo Vu , Liu Chengyu , Fan Shicai , Whitaker John W , Chen Yue , Ai Rizi , Chen Zhao , Wang Jun , Zheng Lina , Wang Wei
Published: June 2019

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark but how its locus-specificity is decided in relation to DNA sequence is not fully understood. Here, we have analyzed 34 diverse whole-genome bisulfite sequencing datasets in human and identified 313 motifs, including 92 and 221 associated with methylation (methylation motifs, MMs) and unmethylation (unmethylation motifs, UMs), respectively. The functionality of these motifs is supported by multiple lines of evidence. First, the methylation levels at the MM and UM motifs are respectively higher and lower than the genomic background. Second, these motifs are enriched at the binding sites of methylation modifying enzymes including DNMT3A and TET1, indicating their possible roles of recruiting these enzymes. Third, these motifs significantly overlap with “somatic QTLs” (quantitative trait loci) of methylation and expression. Fourth, disruption of these motifs by mutation is associated with significantly altered methylation level of the CpGs in the neighbor regions. Furthermore, these motifs together with somatic mutations are predictive of cancer subtypes and patient survival. We revealed some of these motifs were also associated with histone modifications, suggesting a possible interplay between the two types of epigenetic modifications. We also found some motifs form feed forward loops to contribute to DNA methylation dynamics.
High-throughput amplicon sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene with single-nucleotide resolution
Authors: Callahan Benjamin J , Wong Joan , Heiner Cheryl , Oh Steve , Theriot Casey M , Gulati Ajay S , McGill Sarah K , Dougherty Michael K
Published: June 2019

Targeted PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing (amplicon sequencing) of 16S rRNA gene fragments is widely used to profile microbial communities. New long-read sequencing technologies can sequence the entire 16S rRNA gene, but higher error rates have limited their attractiveness when accuracy is important. Here we present a high-throughput amplicon sequencing methodology based on PacBio circular consensus sequencing and the DADA2 sample inference method that measures the full-length 16S rRNA gene with single-nucleotide resolution and a near-zero error rate. In two artificial communities of known composition, our method recovered the full complement of full-length 16S sequence variants from expected community members without residual errors. The measured abundances of intra-genomic sequence variants were in the integral ratios expected from the genuine allelic variants within a genome. The full-length 16S gene sequences recovered by our approach allowed Escherichia coli strains to be correctly classified to the O157:H7 and K12 sub-species clades. In human fecal samples, our method showed strong technical replication and was able to recover the full complement of 16S rRNA alleles in several E. coli strains. There are likely many applications beyond microbial profiling for which high-throughput amplicon sequencing of complete genes with single-nucleotide resolution will be of use.
Criminally Ignorant
Authors: Sarch Alexander
Published: June 2019

Criminally Ignorant: Why the Law Pretends We Know What We Don’t is about the legal fiction that we know what we don’t. If you bury your head in the sand rather than learn you’re committing a crime, you can be punished as if you knew. How can that be justified? This book offers a framework to explain why it’s not as puzzling as it seems. When remaining ignorant of the facts is sufficiently culpable, the interests and values protected by the criminal law are served by punishing you as though you knew those facts. This idea—imputing mental states based on equal culpability—is what this book seeks to justify (at least within limits). The resulting theory shows that some legal fictions—like the willful ignorance doctrine—require reform. At the same time, it shows why we also need more legal fictions of this kind. Moreover, they should be extended to impose further accountability on corporations. Still, equal culpability imputation can be taken too far. We need to determine its limits to avoid injustice. Thus, the book seeks to place equal culpability imputation on a solid normative foundation, while demarcating its proper boundaries. The resulting theory of when and why the criminal law can pretend we know what we don’t has far-reaching implications for legal practice and reveals the pressing need for reform.
The Scope of the Willful Ignorance Doctrine (II)
Authors: Sarch Alexander
Published: June 2019

This chapter argues that willful ignorance involves breaching a duty to reasonably inform oneself, and the equal culpability thesis holds when one breaches it in a sufficiently serious way before doing the actus reus. This chapter thus offers a limited defense of the equal culpability thesis. The chapter argues that the willful ignorance doctrine requires reform. To remain faithful to the courts’ “traditional rationale” for this doctrine, knowledge should not be imputed in just any case of willful ignorance (as many courts allow), but only when one’s willful ignorance rendered one’s conduct as culpable as the analogous knowing wrong. Identifying a defensible version of the equal culpability thesis thus places constraints on the proper application of the willful ignorance doctrine. The chapter then discusses how to formulate workable willful ignorance jury instructions that also lower the risk of injustice.
Iterated Reckless Ignorance as a Substitute for Knowledge
Authors: Sarch Alexander
Published: June 2019

Previous chapters have been concerned mainly with willful ignorance—which, paradigmatically, is to violate the duty to reasonably inform oneself about a suspected inculpatory proposition with the intention of preserving one’s ignorance. But one also might fail to inform oneself about one’s suspicions with other mens rea: one might do so while reckless or negligent with respect to the fact that one will remain in ignorance. Such lesser breaches of one’s investigatory duties can be culpable too. However, the existing willful ignorance doctrine does not reach these lesser forms of culpable ignorance. That is a problem. This chapter argues not only that it would be good for courts to go beyond the existing willful ignorance doctrine, but that they are committed to doing so. The law allows willful ignorance to substitute for knowledge on the theory that acting with the former can be culpable to the same degree and in the same way as acting with the latter. Accordingly, the law is committed also to allowing certain forms of egregious nonwillful ignorance—most importantly, reckless ignorance—to substitute for knowledge, provided the conditions of equal culpability are met.
Some Musical Illusions Are Discovered
Authors: Deutsch Diana
Published: June 2019

Chapter 2 focuses on musical illusions that involve stereo sounds that were discovered by the author. These are described and demonstrated as sound examples. In each illusion, two simultaneous streams of tones are played, one to the listener’s right and the other to their left. The tones are perceptually reorganized in space, so that the melodies we hear are quite different from those that are really being played. Most people tend to hear the higher tones as coming from their right and the lower tones as coming from their left, but other people hear the illusions differently. These perceptual differences depend statistically on the listener’s handedness, so that left-handers are more likely than right-handers to obtain different illusions. So not only do we hear these patterns “wrongly,” but we also hear them differently from each other. The illusions also show that listeners are strongly influenced by their assumptions concerning what is likely to occur—termed unconscious inference or top-down processing. In each illusion, sequences coming from both the right and the left channels consist of tones that leap around in pitch. However, listeners instead create in their minds patterns that do not really exist: They perceive two smooth melodies, each in a different pitch range. The illusions are not simply quirks of artificial sounds generated in the laboratory. Instead, related effects occur in music that is produced by natural instrument sounds, and can even be found in conventional orchestral music. Other related effects are also discussed.
The Mystery of Absolute Pitch
Authors: Deutsch Diana
Published: June 2019

Chapter 6. discusses absolute pitch (or “perfect pitch”)—the rare ability to name a musical note in the absence of a reference note. It is argued that acquiring absolute pitch requires exposure to certain environmental influences during a critical period early in life. This ability is associated with early musical training—and the earlier the onset of training the stronger the association. The author and her coworkers have found at music conservatories and universities in the United States and China that the earlier students had begun taking music lessons, the greater the probability that they possessed absolute pitch. We also found that the prevalence of absolute pitch is much higher among people who speak a tone language—in which the meaning of a word changes depending on the pitch or pitches in which it is spoken. It is therefore argued that when babies learn to speak a tone language, they automatically associate pitches with words, and so develop absolute pitch for the words they hear. Therefore when they begin taking music lessons, their brain circuitry for absolute pitch is already in place. Speakers of non-tone languages are therefore at a disadvantage compared with tone-language speakers for acquiring absolute pitch. Further work by the author and colleagues also point to a genetic factor in acquiring absolute pitch. Also discussed are the neurological correlates of absolute pitch, and its presence in some autistic savants, and in people who are blind. It also considers the decline of absolute pitch with aging, and distortions in absolute pitch judgment under certain medications.
Catchy Music and Earworms
Authors: Deutsch Diana
Published: June 2019

Chapter 8 begins with “stuck tunes” or “earworms,” a malady that strikes most people at times: A tune or other musical fragment bores deep into our heads and replays itself over and over, sometimes for hours, days, or even weeks. It is argued that the present epidemic of earworms is partly due to background music being heard everywhere, and to people listening to music fairly continuously over their radios, televisions, iPods, and other devices. This constant exposure to music could sensitize our music processing systems so strongly that they tend to fire spontaneously. Several famous musicians have publically decried the ubiquity of background music, arguing that it debases our musical experience. In the past, all music was sung or played live, and in certain venues such as churches, concert and dance halls, or at special events such as birthday and wedding celebrations. Another source of earworms may be the frequent repetition of phrases within a song, a device that is now extremely common in popular music. The popularity of a song based on sales, radio play, and online streaming increases with the amount of repetition within the song. The tendency for music to get stuck in our heads makes it ideal for radio and TV advertisements—a catchy tune can turn into an earworm, and carry the name of the product along with it.
The Speech-to-Song Illusion
Authors: Deutsch Diana
Published: June 2019

Chapter 10 begins with the author’s discovery that a phrase she had enunciated—“Sometimes behave so strangely”—when presented repeatedly, came to be heard as sung rather than spoken. This illusion is presented as a sound example. It shows that speech can be perceptually transformed into song without altering the sounds in any way, or by adding any musical context, but simply by repeating a phrase several times over. The speech-to-song illusion, as Deutsch named it, has no obvious explanation in terms of current scientific thinking about the neural underpinnings of speech and music. Many researchers believe that speech and music are each analyzed in independent modules, based on their physical characteristics. This view was supported by studies of stroke patients, some of whom lost their power of speech while their musical abilities remained intact, whereas others lost aspects of musical ability while their speech remained normal. In contrast, philosophers and composers throughout the ages have argued that a continuum extends from ordinary speech at one end to song at the other, with emotional and heavily intoned speech in between. Some recent brain-scanning studies have supported the idea that speech and song are subserved by the same circuitry, while others have shown that song involves more brain regions than speech. Evidence for these different views are currently being debated, but the exact explanation for the speech-to-song illusion remains a mystery.
People
Authors: Budasz Rogério
Published: June 2019

This chapter concerns the activity of professionals connected with the casas da ópera and the various specializations involved in providing theatrical entertainment to the urban population of Portuguese America. Individual sections focus on singers and actors, music directors, music instructors, instrumentalists, choreographers, dancers, stage producers, playwrights, and managers. The largest section, dealing with singers and actors, raises a variety of issues related to social mobility, training, race, gender, and trans-Atlantic circulation of artists. Lengthier discussions address prevalent practices of cross-dressing onstage, the social status of artists in Portuguese America, the role of mixed-race artists in the performing arts in the colony, perceptions and social mobility of female singers, and controversies regarding religious and secular authorities. This chapter also updates biographical data of several artists, some of them previously unknown in musicological research.
The Symbolism of the Tragic
Authors: Toly Noah J.
Published: June 2019

This chapter argues that modern environmental thought has consistently been preoccupied with the tragic. Drawing upon the work of Paul Ricoeur, the chapter explores the ways in which common themes in modern environmental thought symbolize the need to give up, undermine, or destroy one or more goods in order to possess one or more other goods. Specifically, scarcity (which has preoccupied modern environmental thought from its beginnings), tragedy (as explored in literature on the tragedy of the commons), and risk (a measure of the likelihood that certain costs will be incurred) each simultaneously illuminate and mask aspects of our relationship to the tragic.
The Macondoization of the World
Authors: Toly Noah J.
Published: June 2019

This chapter argues that globalization has made possible both environmental catastrophe, as symbolized by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and attempts to grasp and manage environmental change at the global level. Governing global environmental challenges in the face of the tragic requires some good by which we may discriminate between competing and often incommensurable goods, some mechanism for apprehending the tragic, justifying certain choices in the face of the tragic, and patterning or teaching acceptable responses to the tragic. The rise of religious imaginaries in global governance has opened the door further to religious ways of thinking about the tragic in global environmental governance.
The Cruciform Imaginary
Authors: Toly Noah J.
Published: June 2019

This chapter explores the role of social imaginaries in revealing the tragic, justifying responses to the tragic, and patterning legitimate courses of action in the face of the tragic. It examines the rise of religious imaginaries, in particular, as frameworks for environmental thought and governance. Finally, drawing upon the work of Dietrrich Bonhoeffer, the chapter sketches the contours of a religious imaginary by which we might apprehend the tragic, justify certain choices in the face of the tragic, and pattern or teach appropriate responses to the tragic. This “cruciform imaginary” encourages us to bear the costs of the tragic so that others might benefit from possessing or securing more goods at once.
The Benefits: New Goods
Authors: Diamond Arthur M.
Published: June 2019

The value of innovative new goods is hard to measure, but can be seen in how people vote with their feet to live where there are innovative new goods. Among the most important new goods are cures for diseases, electric light, cars, washing machines, air conditioning, television, and computers. Cures for disease are especially important because they are primary goods that are needed for pursuing almost any life plan. The grandson of John D. Rockefeller, the richest person ever to live, died of scarlet fever because medical invention and entrepreneurship had not yet created Prontosil. Washing machines reduce time spent in routine drudgery. Air conditioning aids health, and allows the mental sharpness needed for pursuing creative and challenging life plans. Cars increase safety and control of travel times and companions. Some goods, such as Ray Kurzweil’s optical character recognition (OCR) machine, enables the blind to read regular books.
Easing the Pains of Labor
Authors: Diamond Arthur M.
Published: June 2019

The worst labor-market fears about innovative dynamism are either unjustified or can be allayed by better policies. Except during the depths of recessions, more jobs are created than destroyed. Job loss is usually gradually and often can be foreseen. The pains of labor can be reduced through policies that avoid repeating the Great Depression or the Crisis of 2008. The pains can be further reduced by fostering more robustly redundant job markets, such as in Silicon Valley, where most workers can quickly and easily find new jobs. Some innovative entrepreneurs succeed at turning their startups into the fast-growing gazelles that create most of the new jobs in the economy. Redundant job markets can be fostered by minimizing regulations on the gazelles, and by reducing the credentialism exemplified by occupational licensing. Robots and artificial intelligence are not to be feared because they are more complements than substitute for human labor.
Funding Inventors
Authors: Diamond Arthur M.
Published: June 2019

Since breakthrough inventions are costly, hard, and precarious, patents can be fair rewards for invention and can provide funding to enable future inventions. The funding widens the opportunity to invent, as illustrated by the tinkering working-class inventors who developed and applied steam power in Britain in the Industrial Revolution, and who later invented many of the agricultural and manufacturing tools and processes in the United States in the 1800s. Working-class inventors could hire patent agents, for modest fees, to help with the legal paperwork. Later, important breakthrough inventors such as Thomas Edison and Dean Kamen depended on patents of earlier inventions to fund their later inventions. Patent reforms can counter flaws (such as costly frivolous litigation) in the current patent system. Invention can also be encouraged by private institutional innovations, following the examples of micropayments for web content, and patent pools by firms such as Intellectual Ventures.
Funding Entrepreneurs
Authors: Diamond Arthur M.
Published: June 2019

At the key early stage of most breakthrough innovations, when innovative ideas are hardest to communicate and most widely doubted, the innovations will be largely self-funded through job income, mortgage loans, or family investments. Many examples illustrate early self-funding, including Walt Disney, Frederic Tudor, Soichiro Honda, Steve Jobs, and Harold Hamm. Self-funding remains important at later stages of growth of the entrepreneurial firm because it allows the original innovative entrepreneur to maintain the enough control to continue innovating. This is especially important for project entrepreneurs. Centrally planned funders, such as MITI in Japan or DARPA in the United States, are unlikely to be the main agents of breakthrough innovations. Self-funding is easier to achieve when taxes are limited. The garage is the symbol of the importance of self-funding, where the inventor does not need to ask permission to invent, and the entrepreneur does not need to ask permission to innovate.
Introduction
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad
Published: June 2019

The introduction sets up the stage for the rest of the book by asking a series of key questions: Does classical liberalism entail a systematic framework of principles regarding public governance? If so, what are its broad recommendations and how does this perspective differ from other, more well-known perspectives on public administration? Classical liberalism accepts a wide range of collective arrangements and activities ranging from certain types of regulation to the provision of specific public goods and even to specific welfare policies. As such, the question arises, within the range of government activities accepted as legitimate, or at least not entirely beyond the pale, what are the particular classical-liberal views on the instruments and procedures of the administration of collective affairs? What kind of doctrine of governance and public administration does classical liberalism inspire? Is it possible to reconstruct or piece together such a position using the existing literature and practice?
Public Choice, Public Administration, and Self-Governance
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad
Published: June 2019

Chapter 5 illuminates the specific nature of the synthesis attempted by the Ostroms’ and their associates and discusses the successes as well as the failures of their endeavors. Their effort to promote the public choice perspective in public administration, and the public administration perspective in public choice and to advance on that basis a paradigm change (from “bureaucratic public administration” to “democratic public administration”) is presented as a reference point, a model and case study entailing several lessons about the nature and limits of such endeavors. The chapter also builds upon the work of Michael Spicer, a remarkable author who has kept alive this type of approach in the field of public administration by combining public choice and knowledge process theory, long after the initial effect of the Ostroms’ efforts faded.
Heterogeneity, Co-production, and Polycentric Governance
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad
Published: June 2019

Chapter 6 elaborates the conceptual framework and the apparatus emerging from the Ostroms’ efforts, especially the pivotal notion of polycentricity, as a unifying and organizing framework or principle for governance theorizing. First, it explicitly articulates the elements of a theory of value heterogeneity as a foundational component of the entire approach. Then it proceeds to clarify a technical ambiguity in the construction of the co-production model that connects the domain of individual subjective values with the domain of institutions and social order. Third, in light of first two points, the discussion reconsiders the issue of polycentricity, the capstone of the Ostromian system. The chapter advances a fresh elaboration of the notion of polycentrism, seem as a solution both to the co-production problem and to the problems of social choice in conditions of deep heterogeneity, emphasizing several critical features that pertain to its positive-analytical dimension.
Metropolitan Governance
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Boettke Peter J. , Tarko Vlad
Published: June 2019

Chapter 7 focuses on the problems of metropolitan governance, one of the first domains in which the polycentrism theoretical lenses were applied. The example of the police services is used as an overture, as the chapter revisits the field and the literature fifty years after the Ostroms engaged in the “metropolitan reform debate” and launched their program. From a normative standpoint, the underlying thesis is that, even when government is involved in the production of public services, the most efficient form of organization is not hierarchical but polycentric. The chapter uses the example of police services to illustrate. This is also one of the first domains in which the polycentrism theoretical lens was applied. The chapter elaborates this approach and presents new insights. The public choice institutionalist, polycentricity-based perspective gets thus to be applied, illustrated, and expounded at a concrete, applied level.
Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly
Published: June 2019

Eurydice (c. 410–340s bce) played a part in the public life of ancient Macedonia, the first royal Macedonian woman known to have done so. She was the wife of Amyntas III, the mother of Philip II (and two other short-lived kings of Macedonia), and grandmother of Alexander the Great. Her career marked a turning point in the role of royal women in Macedonian monarchy, one that coincided with the emergence of Macedonia as a great power in the Hellenic world. This study examines the nature of her public role as well as the factors that contributed its expansion and the expansion of Macedonia. Some ancient sources picture Eurydice as a murderous adulteress willing to attempt the elimination of her husband and her three sons for the sake of her lover, whereas others portray her as a doting and heroic mother whose actions led to the preservation of the throne for her sons. Both traditions describe her as the leader of a faction, as well as an active figure at court and in international affairs. Eurydice also participated in the construction of the public image of the dynasty. Archaeological discoveries since the 1980s enable us to better understand this development.
Introduction
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly
Published: June 2019

This chapter begins with an overview of Eurydice’s career. It addresses the source problems connected to her life and considers the likely origin of these contradictory accounts. It provides a brief survey of the history of Macedonia prior to her lifetime. It discusses the nature of the kingdom of Macedonia and the character of its monarchy. It analyzes the pattern of succession to the throne within the Argead dynasty. It looks at the role of royal women in Macedonian monarchy, particularly as it related to royal polygamy. Finally, it focuses on royal mothers’ (and sisters’) function as succession advocates.
The Marriage of Eurydice and Her Husband’s Rule
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly
Published: June 2019

This chapter, after consideration of the preceding dynastic disarray and violence, begins with discussion of the reign of Amyntas III, the husband of Eurydice, and proceeds to Amyntas’ two known marriages. It notes the fundamental problems with chronology that characterize the period and the failures of Amyntas’ reign, particularly the issue of whether he was forced to flee his kingdom once or twice. It also assesses his achievements, chiefly increased dynastic stability, in the later stages of his reign. The chapter then discusses Amyntas’ marriages: he had three sons by Eurydice and three by Gygaea. This chapter argues that Amyntas was polygamous and Gygaea was likely the second of the two wives. Amyntas’ marriage to Eurydice was a political alliance, related to the Illyrian invasion of Macedonia, but whether Eurydice herself was partly Illyrian remains disputed because of the uncertain ethnic identity of her mysterious father Sirras. This chapter considers it likely that her father was Illyrian. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the possible reasons for the consecutive succession of each of Eurydice’s three sons and the failure of any of Gygaea’s sons to rule.
Eurydice and Her Sons
Authors: Carney Elizabeth Donnelly
Published: June 2019

Our extant sources are full of contradictions and obscurities about Eurydice’s career. I will assess the available evidence relating to a series of questions about her public career and actions. Was she an adulterer? Was she the murderer (or would be murderer) of her husband and any of her sons? Who was the man named Ptolemy who played such an important part in her life and that of her sons? Did she marry Ptolemy? If she married him, when did she do so, in relation to what events? The chapter will conclude with a discussion of the nature, likely origin, and credibility of our extant sources and with a reflection on the role of fourth-century propaganda in what our extant sources say about Eurydice and an examination of Eurydice’s role as a political actor and faction leader during the 360s.
Not Just Play
Authors: Nadel Meryl , Scher Susan
Published: June 2019

Not Just Play: Summer Camp and the Profession of Social Work offers the only book written in many decades that focuses on the relationship between social work and the summer camp movement. Is camp just play or more? This volume responds with a comprehensive treatment of this underappreciated field of practice. In addition to updating their knowledge, social workers, students, and camp professionals will benefit froem the book’s exploration of many perspectives on this subject. The text features four sections. An introduction to underlying concepts is followed by a historical perspective on the profession’s significant involvement in the development of nonprofit camps. The third section examines ways in which social workers contribute to camps: providing skilled practitioners for a range of key roles, serving as venues for research and recruitment to the profession, and providing a milieu for growth through group membership. The concluding section explores the myriad of opportunities offered by today’s camps for social workers and social work students. Not Just Play offers several distinctive and unique features. Although scholarly research is a hallmark of the book, case vignettes are incorporated into many chapters. All comprise either first-person contributions or use primary source material. In addition, numerous quotations gathered from interviews and online questionnaires are incorporated into the text, many from well-known social workers citing the impact of their camp involvement. The book will inspire its readers to incorporate the peaceful, invigorating, growth experiences of summer camp and its environs with their client systems and—perhaps—themselves.
Resilience and the Strengths Perspective in Action
Authors: Nadel Meryl
Published: June 2019

“Resilience and the Strengths Perspective in Action” connects the summer camp experience to the strengths perspective and related concepts. Major principles of the strengths perspective, identified by Dennis Saleebey, are summarized. The constructs of risk factors and protective factors are reviewed in relation to the positive outcome of resilience. The strengths and resilience perspectives link to empowerment practice in social work as associated with Simon, Solomon, and Gutierrez. Positive youth development—often found in the youth services field—focuses on skill building, character development, health, and prevention. Michael Ungar suggests that camps can bolster resilience by identifying and meeting campers’ individualized needs. The milieu offered by camps described in later chapters embody these social work approaches as do few other settings.
Recruitment to the Profession
Authors: Nadel Meryl
Published: June 2019

“Recruitment to the Profession” discusses the key role that nonprofit camps have long played in the recruitment of new social workers. Early efforts were uneven and uncoordinated. During the 1950s and 1960s, shortages in the field impelled recruitment efforts, culminating in the National Commission for Social Work Careers and its recruitment committees. One such committee and its Summer Experience in Social Work Program are detailed. Camps provided paid summer jobs, supervision, a seminar class, and a final two-day workshop, all with the goal of testing interest in and potential for social work. Social Work Seminar, the recruitment program of Camp Wel-Met, is described. The camp experience along with social work values conveyed by camp staff often inspire or confirm a decision to enter the profession. The chapter concludes with reminiscences from social workers about camp experiences and their choice of social work as a career.
Camps for Many Populations
Authors: Nadel Meryl
Published: June 2019

“Camps for Many Populations” surveys the variety of camp settings in which social workers serve today. They include general population camps (and their inclusion and camper care programs) as well as specialized settings. Such specialized camps may focus on children from lower-income households, those with behavioral health concerns, children living with environmental stressors, a gender identity cohort, children living in out-of-home placements, those with physical and intellectual challenges, and children with medical conditions. A number of vignettes help to illustrate how social workers enhance the experience for campers grappling with a variety of situations.
Model Worlds
Authors: Barrett Caitlín Eilís
Published: June 2019

Expanding current constructions of Nilotica, chapter 6 examines the creation of three-dimensional “Egyptian” landscapes through garden statuary and water features at the Casa di Acceptus e Euhodia. Sidestepping unproductive debates about whether garden statuary signified “religion” or “Egyptomania,” this case study shows how “Egyptianizing” statuary collaborated with the garden’s other contents to create an interactive model landscape. Some evidence from this house suggests that its inhabitants may have directed a domestic cult toward a form of Isis. However, this chapter argues that such practices should not overdetermine our understanding of the garden assemblage. Rather than a binary divide between “Isiacs” and “non-Isiacs,” evidence suggests a broad spectrum of available religious choices. Furthermore, domestic material culture does not correspond to religious identity in a simple or straightforward way. Regardless of their relationship (or lack thereof) to Egyptian-derived cults, most Pompeians appear to have employed domestic Aegyptiaca and Nilotica in fairly similar ways.
Conclusions
Authors: Barrett Caitlín Eilís
Published: June 2019

Chapter 7 synthesizes the major conclusions of the book. As an examination of the Egyptian themes at Hadrian’s villa in Tivoli demonstrates, these conclusions are significant not only for Pompeii in 79 CE but also for Roman visual culture more broadly. Issues considered include the use of household material culture to literally “domesticate” ideologies of empire; the relationship between “Egyptianizing” and “Classicizing” forms of Roman art; a comparison of display strategies in “elite” and “non-elite” houses; the relationship between religious identity and material culture; conceptions of order versus chaos in Roman gardens; and the agency of domestic material culture in shaping everyday practices and experiences. The garden assemblages in this book present the Pompeian house not only as a microcosm of empire but also as a workshop where individuals could work out through practice what it actually meant to live in a changing, profoundly interconnected, and increasingly interdependent world.
Alfred Schnittke's Concerto Grosso no. 1
Authors: Schmelz Peter J.
Published: June 2019

This book provides for the first time an accessible, comprehensive study of Alfred Schnittke’s Concerto Grosso no. 1 (1977). One of Schnittke’s best-known and most compelling works, the Concerto Grosso no. 1 sounds the surface of late Soviet life, resonating as well with contemporary compositional currents around the world. This innovative monograph builds on existing publications about the Concerto Grosso no. 1 in English, Russian, and German, augmenting and complicating them. It adds new information from underused primary sources, including Schnittke’s unpublished correspondence and his many published interviews. It also engages further with his sketches for the Concerto Grosso no. 1 and contemporary Soviet musical criticism. The result is a more objective, historical appraisal of this rich, multifaceted composition. The Concerto Grosso no. 1 provided a utopian model of the contemporary soundscape. It was a decisive point in Schnittke’s development of the approach he called polystylism, which aimed to contain in a single composition the wide range of contemporary musical styles, including jazz, pop, rock, and serial music. Thanks to it and his other similar compositions, Schnittke became one of the most-performed and most-recorded living composers at the end of the twentieth century. The novel structure of this book engages the Concerto Grosso no. 1 conceptually, historically, musically, and phenomenologically: the six movements of the composition frame the six chapters. The present volume thus provides a holistic accounting of Schnittke’s Concerto Grosso no. 1, its influences, and its impact on subsequent music making in the Soviet Union and worldwide.
Anti-Noise Waves
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo
Published: June 2019

The chapter focuses on two processes: complaints brought to the press by residents since the 1910s and the city administration’s responses to those complaints. In order to establish an inventory of contentious urban sounds and examine the successive shifts in São Paulo’s acoustic environment, I went through roughly 1,510 stories in two newspapers that used the term “noise.” This allowed me to catalog the actors and sounds that led to dissent in São Paulo and the routes through which they became public problems. The chapter also considers how the municipal administration framed the problems and what solutions (if any) it proposed. This will reveal some of the “translation gaps” between complainants and administrations in the back-and-forth between public controversies and their proposed scientific, legal, and political solutions.
Conclusion
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo
Published: June 2019

We have identified some of the most controversial sounds in São Paulo and considered how government actors articulate mechanisms to regulate these sounds. Having compiled this information, in this conclusion I summarize the findings presented in the book and suggest potential lines of inquiry for a study of citizenship and modernity. I do this by further elaborating on the notion of sound-politics, examining how sounds have entered and left the sphere of state control in São Paulo. Integrating the book’s two analytical threads presented in the Introduction (modes of existence and governmental arrangements), I describe sound-politics in São Paulo as a field comprised of four strata: sonic complexes, debate axes, governmental dilemmas, and governmental solutions.
Facilitating Practicum-Training Experiences
Authors: Crappell Courtney
Published: June 2019

Chapter 7, “Facilitating Practicum-Training Experiences,” includes information on guiding pedagogy students through observations of experienced teachers, and then it explores how pedagogy teachers can design and facilitate practicum- and internship-teaching experiences. Example observation and self-evaluation forms are embedded within several classroom exercises. For pedagogy teachers who plan to start preparatory programs in which their pedagogy students will “student-teach,” an overview of the considerations related to starting and running a school follows. This chapter then introduces several alternative ideas to starting in-house preparatory schools and incudes suggestions for dealing with frequent teacher turnover that occurs as student-teachers graduate and their piano students then move on to work with new teachers. It includes templates for writing letters of recommendation for transfer students and semester progress reports.
Introduction
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2019

On this cool February morning the coarse, unkempt field grass on the steep slopes above the Qechené River—at this time of year little more than a stream—looks much as it did in the 1880s, when King Menelik of Shewa first broke ground to begin building on the hilltop with its commanding vistas across the vast plain below to accommodate his new capital of Addis Ababa. In the morning mist a distant dog barks, and a few early risers on the road pull their ...
The Trigger
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2019

Using Italian and Ethiopian sources, the author describes the attempt by members of the urban resistance on the life of Viceroy Rodolfo Graziani at the Gennete Liul Palace on Friday 19th February 1937. Grenades thrown at Graziani and his entourage injured him and resulted in his evacuation to hospital. Meanwhile Italian military and civilians attacked and eventually slaughtered the crowd of 3,000 Ethiopians in the palace courtyard.
An Hour of Mayhem
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2019

Based on both Ethiopian and foreign sources, this chapter describes how, after the attack on Graziani, the Italian military cordoned off a circle of radius approximately 360 meters around the perimeter of the Gennete Liul Palace and killed many of the Ethiopians within that area between noon and 1 pm on Friday 19th February. The account includes important testimony by the American, British and French envoys, and from several eye witnesses including Sara Gebre Iyyesus and Temesgen Gebre.
The Second Day
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2019

This chapter describes the resumption of the massacre on Saturday 20th February, the transportation of bodies by fleets of military vehicles to incineration sites in the city’s northern suburb of Gulele, and conditions in the temporary detention camps. Suspected by the Italians of involvement in the plot to assassinate Graziani, the Anglo-Indian business community of Mohamedally suffered persecution by the Italian military.
The Third Day
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2019

On Sunday 21st February the massacre continued but was officially terminated by the Fascist Party officials in Addis Ababa at noon. Believed to have been on the orders of Mussolini, who was concerned about news of the massacre demonstrating to the international community that the Italians were actually not in control of Ethiopia, the termination angered the Blackshirts, who defied the Party officials by continuing the killing in the suburbs throughout the third day.
The Reckoning
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2019

In this chapter the author attempts to resolve several key questions not previously answered by scholars, including identifying those responsible for authorizing the massacre, those who carried it out, the extent of civilian involvement, and the demographics of the victims. Attention is drawn to individuals who attempted to mitigate or stop the massacre. Finally, the author conducts a detailed analysis of the likely death-toll of the massacre, which no historian has previously attempted. Consisting of three independent estimates, the analysis concludes that around 19,200 Ethiopians died in the massacre of Addis Ababa, constituting 19-20% of the population of the city at that time.
Reflections
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2019

This chapter reflects upon the degree of savagery of the massacre of Addis Ababa, in the context of Fascism’s glorification of war and suffering. The author notes that the techniques of civilian repression tried and tested by the Italians in Ethiopia were subsequently employed in Albania, Greece and Yugoslavia, sometimes by the same commanders who had deployed them in Ethiopia. He also reflects on the fact that although Hitler copied many of the policies and strategies of Mussolini. Yet unlike the Germans, who were taken to task for the excesses of the Nazis, the Italians were never held accountable for the excesses of the Fascists, none of whom were ever sent to trial for the atrocities in Ethiopia, Albania, Greece or Yugoslavia.
The Jewish Tailor
Authors: Kolker Robert P. , Abrams Nathan
Published: June 2019

The process of writing the screenplay for Eyes Wide Shut involved ongoing differences with chosen screenwriter Frederic Raphael. The chapter traces the long process and ongoing difficulties in preparing a workable script, examining Kubrick’s markup of Raphael’s drafts until he finally took over polishing the screenplay himself. One of the main sources of conflict was the level of the inherent Jewishness of the source novel that Kubrick wanted removed, another source of conflict with his Jewish screenwriter. The chapter also examines some possible origins of the film’s title and the creation of the character of Ziegler, which was Raphael’s invention.
The Knishery
Authors: Kolker Robert P. , Abrams Nathan
Published: June 2019

As with all his other films, Kubrick did a prodigious amount of research in preparation for shooting Eyes Wide Shut. He marked up not only Schnitzler’s Traumnovelle but other works by the Viennese author as well as critical works about him. He went through a number of possibilities for the main characters before deciding on Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman. Casting of the other characters also went through a careful process of auditioning under the guidance of Leon Vitali. Specific body types were stipulated for the women taking part in the orgy. Hundreds of masks from Venice were photographed, as were locations in London that might stand for New York. In the end, most of New York was built in the studio. Costumes underwent a similar research process.