bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The experience of financial burden for patients with multimorbidity: A protocol for a systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Larkin James , Foley Louise , Smith Susan M. , Harrington Patricia , Clyne Barbara
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Multimorbidity is increasingly important due to its high disease burden, prevalence and related high healthcare utilisation. For patients, there is also a high financial burden due to direct and indirect costs arising from their multimorbidity. It is unclear how this financial burden affects patients. This study aims to synthesise qualitative evidence exploring the experience of financial burden from the perspective of patients with multimorbidity.

Methods: The review will be reported using the ENTREQ guidelines. A systematic search of Lilacs, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts will be conducted using a predefined search strategy. A search of fourteen pre-specified websites will be conducted for grey literature. Forward and backward citation checking of included studies will be conducted also. Studies will be included if they contain primary qualitative research and reference the experience of financial burden from the perspective of adult (≥ 18 years) community dwelling patients with multimorbidity. Studies from any country and in any language will be included. Titles and abstracts of search results will be screened; if a study appears relevant, then full-texts will be screened for eligibility. Study characteristics of included articles will be extracted. Study quality will be evaluated using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) checklist for qualitative research. These three processes will be carried out by two reviewers independently. Thematic-synthesis will be used to analyse data. This will be carried out by one reviewer and cross-checked by a second reviewer. The GRADE CERQual approach will be used to assess the overall confidence in the evidence.

Discussion: This review will identify evidence on the experiences of financial burden for patients with multimorbidity and forms part of a project to support consideration of financial burden for patients in the development of clinical guidelines in Ireland.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019135284
Katerina Gógou como persona: elementos auto-biográficos na ficcionalização de uma autora politicamente engajada
Authors: Oliveira Nicolas Pelicioni de
Published: March 2020

Os poemas de Katerina Gógou (1940-93) ambientam-se no contexto político da Grécia dos anos 1970-90, isso significa que a poetisa pôde ter como pano de fundo para sua obra as lutas dos grupos anarquistas da época. Escrevendo a partir da perspectiva de um narrador anárquico que vive e se opõe à política opressora vigente, Gógou aderiu aos ideais ainda hoje mantidos por grupos como, por exemplo, o Luta Revolucionária (Επαναστατικός Αγώνας). Tal posicionamento político articulado com um procedimento narrativo que ficcionaliza o autor, parece ter autorizado uma leitura biografista e referencial; no entanto, essa leitura é bastante redutora da criação poética gogueana. O presente artigo tem por fim analisar esse procedimento à partir de uma ótica que valorize a escolha narrativa, uma vez que, em termos poéticos, se um autor ficcionalalizado aceita os riscos de uma leitura biografista, posteriormente paga pela ousadia dessa transgressão, ainda que tal procedimento tenha ampliado de modo significativo as possibilidades interpretativas do texto.
ENSAIO FILOSÓFICO SOBRE O POEMA DE PARMÊNIDES
Authors: Martins Zildenice , Nogueira Ricardo
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho foi elaborado com base na pesquisa interdisciplinar que venho desenvolvendo no Curso de Doutorado em Letras Clássicas da UFRJ sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Ricardo de Souza Nogueira. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar algumas características contidas no poema Da Natureza de Parmênides que permitam uma comparação entre a linguagem imagética e simbólica contida em seu proêmio (fragmento 1) e um tipo de expressão mais abstrata, relacionada ao pensamento filosófico-científico, que foi desenvolvido na Grécia a partir do século VI a.C. e que pode ser melhor observado em diversas outras passagens do poema, também selecionadas para constarem nesse estudo (fragmentos 2, 3, 6 e 8). Para isso, o poema será estudado em meio ao contexto de enunciação no qual foi escrito, de modo a identificar as influências recebidas de outros pensadores e constatar os traços das influências da épica e a presença do pensamento filosófico-científico. Palavras-chave: Parmênides, Poema Da Natureza, Pensamento filosófico
Apresentação
Authors: Lima Fernanda
Published: March 2020

Apresentação do número três da revista.
Adriano, graeculus ou filo-helenista?
Authors: Azevedo Evelyne
Published: March 2020

A Grécia era considerada um reduto de cultura admirável e, sobretudo, admirada pelo Imperador Adriano, que viu ali um horizonte a ser seguido e um modelo a ser emulado. Adriano imprimiu nas suas obras uma noção de cultura filo-helenística vinculada à sua agenda política, que tinha na imagem do soberano o pilar estrutural do Império. Suas viagens, seu retrato, sua Villa podem ser considerados testemunhos preciosos do projeto político imperial que tornavam visíveis a complexidade e a ambição do programa político de Adriano, o qual considerava a cultura como um instrumento político.
Synthesis and optimization of combustion of briquettes based on substandard brown coals of Kazakhstan deposits with multipolymer binders
Authors: Tulepov Marat I. , Sassykova Larissa R. , Baiseitov Dauren A , Rakhimova Bibigul U , Abdrakova Fedosya Y , Spanova Galiya A , Aknazarov Sestager Kh , Beksultan Zhansaya
Published: March 2020

The work aimed to study the process of burning coal briquettes with polymers. As the object of the research, the coals of Kazakhstan deposits were applied. The methodology of the study included theoretical and computational studies on the applied significance of coal processing, analysis by physicochemical research methods, pressing, drying and briquetting of coal with binders. It is shown that the briquettes combustion takes place stepwise and is characterized by a stationary regime. This is due to the mutual influence of the stages of pyrolysis of polyolefins and combustion of coke residue of substandard coal. In the combustion zone, the temperature did not depend on the content of polyethylene and was 400–500ºC in the coal burnout zone. The optimal compositions of briquettes supporting the combustion temperature of 1300°С were determined: coal-40 %, clay-20 %, polyethylene-40 %. Adding up to 20% clay to the polymer and coal mixture led to the formation of a combustion wave structure with symmetric temperature profiles. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that polyethylene plays the role of the initiator of combustion, burning at   500ºC, and in the future does not affect the maintenance of the combustion temperature of the briquette. The perspective of the results obtained is the possibility of utilization of low-demand coals of various brands of Kazakhstan deposits, which are waste of coal mining and coal enrichment with further production of coal briquettes of the required quality. Coal briquettes made from substandard coals with a multi-polymer binder, from chemical production waste have a higher calorific value, are mechanically robust during prolonged storage, do not crumble in the furnace until complete combustion, and are waterproof. These advantages determine their use for the population, as well as for various purposes of industrial economy, metallurgy and chemical industry.
Influence of GaAs and GaSb substrates on detection parameters of InAs/GaSb superlattice-based mid-infrared interband cascade photodetectors
Authors: Hackiewicz Klaudia , Kopytko Małgorzata , Rutkowski Jarosław , Martyniuk Piotr , Ciura Łukasz
Published: March 2020

The paper presents electrical and optical properties of interband cascade infrared photodetectors with InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice absorbers. We compare the detection parameters of detectors grown on the native GaSb substrate and lattice-mismatched GaAs substrate and seek solutions to enhance device performance, specifically with using an optical immersion. The detectors grown on GaAs have better detection parameters at room temperature, but, at lower temperatures, the misfit dislocations become more important, and detectors grown on GaSb become better.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ULTRASONIC INFLUENCES ON THE EXTRACTION OF ANTI-OXIDANT COMPOUNDS OF BLACKBERRY BERRIES (VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L.)
Authors: Makarova Nadezhda Viktorovna , Yeremeyeva Natal'ya Borisovna
Published: March 2020

The interest in berries from food manufacturers is huge, which is explained by good organoleptic characteristics and high biological activity of berries. One way to preserve the properties of berries throughout the year is to obtain extracts. Determining the conditions and type of optimal extraction technology to obtain biologically active substances from plant materials is an important stage in the production of new natural preventive additives. The aim of this work is to study the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of blueberry extracts (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) obtained by various methods: maceration, ultrasonic and microwave extraction. The use of ultrasonic extraction as a method of intensifying the process of extracting biologically active compounds from blueberries is very effective. This proves an almost 2-fold increase in the flavonoid content in the extracts. However, the content of anthocyanins in the extracts of blueberries is not the highest for ultrasonic extraction (a decrease by 3.3 times compared with maceration), in all likelihood due to the instability of this class of compounds in this type of processing. Among the extracts of blueberries obtained by three technologies (maceration, microwave and ultrasound treatment), it is the ultrasound extract that has the highest antioxidant activity (9.5±0.1 mg/cm3, 18.18 mmol±0.24 Fe2+/1 kg, 58.6%), determined by three methods: DPPH method, FRAP method, method for assessing antioxidant properties using a model system with linoleic acid. Ultrasonic extraction was chosen as a technology for obtaining a concentrated blueberry extract.
THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES WATER-ALCOHOL EXTRACTS OF ASPEN BARK
Authors: Soboleva Svetlana Vital'yevna , Voronin Valeriy Mikhaylovich , Esyakova Ol'ga Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

The aim of this work was to study the bark of aspen growing in the suburban area of Krasnoyarsk and obtain water-ethanol extracts based on it, with different growth-regulating activity. The paper deals with the possible processing of aspen bark with the release of biologically active substances of the phenolic group. Water-ethanol solutions of aspen bark of different concentrations were used as an extractant. The regression equations and the optimum conditions of extraction of the bark of aspen with the allocation of the maximum amount of extractives. Studies have shown that aspen bark contains a variety of groups of biologically active substances, including phenolic group: tannins (tannins from 17.0 to 18.0%) polyphenols (glycosides – 0.71–0.84%), flavonoids – 0.33–0.43%; pigments: (chlorophylls from 0.63 to 0.74%; carotenoids (from 0.52 to 0.55%). The obtained mathematical models were adequate to the studied processes at 95% confidence probability. The optimal values for maximum extraction of extractive substances: the concentration of ethanol was 65%; the duration of the process – 3.5 hours, hydro – 15. In the optimal mode was obtained aspen bark extract, its characteristics coincide with the requirements of TU 9377-162-20680882-10 "raw Materials for the production of biologically active additives "aspen bark Extract "thick". It was established that water-ethanol extracts of aspen bark have depending on the concentration of growth-inhibiting or stimulating activity. In the range of concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g/l, they have an inhibitory effect, with further dilution from 1∙10-2 to 1∙10-4 g/l, a stimulating effect is observed. The tendency of increasing the growth of seedlings of cereals, %: corn – 30, barley – 40 and wheat – 35; legumes, %: peas – 35, beans – 45 and lentils – 25 compared with the control at a concentration of extractive substances of aspen bark 1∙10-3 g/l. the Data obtained may be useful after appropriate sanitary-toxicological studies to increase the germination and germination of seeds of legumes and cereals.
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF PEAT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Selyanina Svetlana Borisovna , Ponomareva Tamara Igorevna , Yarygina Ol'ga Nikolayevna , Trufanova Marina Vital'yevna , Zubov Ivan Nikolayevich
Published: March 2020

The deep processing of peat is one of the important resources for the development of the Northern Russia territories. The humic products are the most perspective from peat bio-active derivatives. At the same time, the presence of accompanying components with biological activity in them does not take into account. This research is focused on the elimination of this inaccuracy by studying the biological activity of fractions extracted from high-moor peat by the method of sequential disassembly. Bioactivity was characterized by the method of laboratory phytotesting on lettuce seeds, pretreated with solutions of preparations with stabilized pH and the content of nutrient salts. The performed studies confirmed the authors' hypothesis about the influence of the method of obtaining peat humic preparations on the biological activity. Antagonism of the effect on the phytoactivity of humic compounds, resins and waxes was revealed.  The additional studies are required for an explanation of this mechanism.  The fulvic acids stimulate seed germination, as part of the humic part, but intensify their damage by rot, while humic acids provide a smaller, but more stable, increase in germination due to the greater preservation of seedlings. Seed treatment with bituminous preparations inhibits the development of rot. The greatest fungicidal effect is shown by the fraction of resins, whereas peat wax, to a lesser extent, inhibits seed damage, but provides the highest and most stable stimulating effect in relation to their germination. Thus, peat bitumen waxes can serve as a good protective and stimulating agent and can be used, for example, to encapsulate seeds, as a presowing treatment to increase yields.
THE STUDY OF AMINO ACID CONTENT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA OVERGROUND AND UNDERGROUND PARTS
Authors: Nedil'ko Ol'ga Viktorovna , Yanitskaya Aleftina Vladimirovna
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the research was a comparative study of the amino acid composition and the quantitative content of individual amino acids in the over-ground and underground parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae) growing in the Volgograd region. Previously, using the reaction with ninhydrin, as well as carrying out TLC on the plates «Silufol», the presence of amino acids in watery extracts from the samples of vegetable raw materials was established. On an AAA 400 amino acid analyzer in the underground and over-ground parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. 16 amino acids were identified, 9 of which are interchangeable and 7 are irreplaceable, their quantitative content and accumulation characteristics were established. The total amount of amino acids found in the over-ground parts of the medicinal plant is higher (15.88%) than in the underground organs – 8.42%. Of the individual amino acids, glutamic acid (1.84±0.02%), aspartic acid (1.74±0.02%), arginine (1.03±0.01%), leucine (1.41±0.01%), lysine (1.02±0.01), valine (0.92±0.01%), phenylalanine (0.86±0.01%), isoleucine (0.76±0.01%), threonine (0.77±0.01%) was detected. In the underground organs of the studied plant, aspartic (1.17±0.02%) and glutamic (0.62±0.01%) acids predominantly accumulate, but in percentage they are 1.5–3 times less than the over-ground parts. Separately, it should be noted a feature of the accumulation of proline, which is one of the dominant amino acids in the over-ground and underground parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (1.49±0.02% and 1.87±0.02%, respectively). Obtained in the course of the research data indicate the prospects for further study of the over-ground parts of the medicinal as a source of this group of biologically active substances.
DETERMINATION OF SIMPLE SUGARS IN MEDICINAL PLANT MATERIALS BY THE METHOD OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (FOR EXAMPLE, THE FRUITS OF SEA BUCKTHORN L. AND NETTLE LEAVES L.)
Authors: Trineeva Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Slivkin Aleksey Ivanovich
Published: March 2020

An analysis of the literature over the past 20 years has shown that when controlling the quality of drugs containing monosaccharides, as well as studying the composition of simple sugars in polysaccharide complexes of medicinal plants and not only, preference is given to physicochemical methods, as the most express, sensitive and informative. No means have been found in the scientific literature to identify and quantify simultaneously various monosaccharides by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). An economical and rapid method has been developed for the identification and quantitative determination of simple reducing sugars (by the example of glucose, rhamnose and xylose) by the HPTLC method. The optimal conditions for their chromatography in a thin layer of sorbent with a quantitative interpretation of HPTLC data on a personal computer were experimentally selected and theoretically substantiated. In a detailed study of the influence of the polarity of the system on the value of Rf, the intervals of values of the polarity of the eluent were chosen, in which these dependences become linear. Using the proposed dependencies, you can select different systems for the separation of monosaccharides in a thin layer of sorbent, so that the value of Rf fit into the optimal values. The proposed method was tested on medicinal plant raw materials of nettle dioica and sea buckthorn fruits of various conservation methods. Zones of simple sugars of characteristic color were found on the chromatograms of extracts from the studied raw materials, among which glucose, xylose and rhamnose were identified by the characteristic value of Rf values in comparison with reliable standard samples. The technique can be used in quality control of substances, single-component and complex preparations, plant objects, dietary supplements, premixes and products of the food industry.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FLAVONOID COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF PHARMACOPEIAL SPECIES OF THE GENUS POPULUS
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Kupriyanova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

The comparative study of the flavonoid composition of leaves of black poplar (Populus nigra L.), balsamic poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), canadian poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh.) and laurel poplar (Populus laurifolia Ledeb.) was held to determine the most perspective species as source of biologically active compounds. Nowadays poplar buds are registered as pharmacopeial medicinal raw material with antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects. It is also known that poplar leaves are used in folk medicine as an analgesic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. The leaves are also considered to be a perspective medicinal plant raw material along with buds. As a result of the comparative chromatographic analysis using detection at a wavelength of 366 nm and an alcoholic solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl3), rutin was found in all investigated extracts from the leaves of pharmacopeial species of poplars. Moreover, in extracts from Populus balsamifera L. and Populus laurifolia Ledeb. was revealed the presence of pinostrobin. It was determined that in all UV spectra of extracts from the leaves of the investigated poplar species, a long-wave batochromic shift were observed in the presence of 3% alcohol solution AlCl3, which indicates the presence of flavonoids. In the conditions of differential spectrophotometry, the maximum absorption in the range of 406–412 nm was observed, which indicates the necessity of using rutin standard which have maximum absorption at a wavelength of 414±2 nm. The content of the total flavonoids at the wavelength of 414 nm calculated on rutin in all samples was determined, which varies from 2.04% to 4.61% and corresponds to the recommended lower limit of the content of the total flavonoids (not less than 2.0%).
THE NEW METHOD OF OBTAINING MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE FROM SPRUCE WOOD
Authors: Yatsenkova Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Skripnikov Andrey Mikhaylovich , Karacharov Anton Aleksandrovich , Mazurova Elena Valentinovna , Vorob'yev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich
Published: March 2020

The new method of producing of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from spruce wood was described. This method includes the stages of cellulose obtaining by peroxide delignification of wood in the medium “acetic acid-water-H2SO4 catalyst” and cellulose acid hydrolysis, ultrasonic treatment, and freeze drying. The structure of cellulosic products was studied by FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, dynamic light scattering methods. The particle size of final cellulosic products is characteristic of microfibrillated cellulose according to the TAPPI Standard WI 3021 classification. The particles of the MFC are characterized by a rather high surface charge, and its aqueous suspension showed a high colloidal stability for a long time. According to the AFM data the surface of the microfibrillated cellulose film is formed by homogeneous spherical particles with a diameter about 80 nm and does not contain external inclusions.

The new method of obtaining MFC from spruce wood is less energy-consuming and more environmentally friendly compared to traditional technologies due to single-stage production of high quality cellulose without the use of sulfur- and chlorine containing delignifying agents, increased pressure and high water consumption.
THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE DESTRUCTION ON THE HYDROPHILICITY AND ABILITY TO FORM CONNEC-TIONS OF THE CELLULOSE FIBERS
Authors: Osovskaya Iraida Ivanovna , Antonova Veronika Sergeyevna
Published: March 2020

When using cellulose fibers to produce paper, the main role is played by the state of the surface of the fiber and its ability to adhesive-cohesive interaction. The main indicators characterizing the surface of the fiber are development and roughness, chemical heterogeneity, depending on the presence of various functional groups, as well as structural heterogeneity of the surface layers, leading to the formation of a stronger bond between the fibers. The surface modification of the fiber was carried out by partial acid hydrolysis. The study is aimed at optimizing hydrolysis, choosing methods for its control, obtaining physicochemical and physicomechanical characteristics of partially hydrolyzed cellulose, and increasing the ability to bind cellulose fiber. A method has been developed for producing modified cellulose with improved adhesion-cohesive properties by surface destruction of wet cellulose fibers during hydrolysis. The patterns of activation of the surface properties of cellulose fibers are obtained. The effect of partial acid hydrolysis on the development of the surface of the fiber in the absence of "wet" grinding with water shortage is shown. The effect of short chains and reducing carbonyl groups of cellulose macromolecules on the binding capacity of modified cellulose has been established. The optimal content of short chains of cellulose macromolecules, which is 12%. Such a content of short chains of modified fibers by acid hydrolysis was detected at a temperature of 363 K and an exposure time of 40 s; under these optimal conditions, the strength of the experimental castings increases by 70%.
FLAVONOIDS OF SERRATULA KOMAROVII ILJIN (FAMILY ASTERACEAE)
Authors: Myagchilov Aleksey Viktorovich , Gorovoy Petr Grigor'yevich , Sokolova Larisa Ivanovna
Published: March 2020

In the Far East of Russia the genus Serratula L. (family Asteraceae) is represented by 2 species - Serratula manshurica Kitag. and Serratula komarovii Iljin, which can be potential sources of biologically active compounds (phytoecdysteroids). For the first time in the aerial part (leaves, stems, inflorescences) of Serratula komarovii 6 flavonoid compounds (luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin, luteolin, 3-methylquercetin) were identified by liquid extraction (70% ethyl alcohol) and reverse phase liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). The structure of compounds (luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside), isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel in a gradient elution with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol) was proved by UV and NMR-1H, -13C, 1H-,13C-HMBC spectroscopy. It was noted that the dominant flavonoid in Serratula komarovii is luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (in the leaves – 4.92±0.98% and in the stems – 1.23±0.25%), and in inflorescences – apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1.10±0.22%). The method of differential spectrophotometry was used to determine the sum of flavonoids in the aerial organs of Serratula komarovii which varies from 1.96 to 9.04%. The maximum content of flavonoids was detected in the leaves – 9.04±0.71%, and the minimum in the stems of the plant – 1.96±0.20%. Thus, Serratula komarovii can be a promising and constantly renewable source of not only phytoecdysteroids, but also flavonoids necessary for the pharmaceutical industry.
SEARCH FOR A SOURCE OF TRITERPENE ACIDS IN RUSSIAN BIRCHES
Authors: Vedernikov Dmitriy Nikolayevich , Eregina Ol'ga Alekseyevna , Shemyakina Anna Viktorovna
Published: March 2020

The composition of triterpene acids and triterpene alcohols of the outer bark of a damaged silver birch tree (Betula pendula Roth.) the outer bark of silver birch branches, the outer bark of Betula davurica Pall., B. mandshurica (Regel) Nakai, B. platyphylla Sucacz. and B. costata Trautv. is considered. Silver birch bark was harvested in the Leningrad region. The bark of other species of birches was harvested in the Khabarovsk region. The qualitative composition of triterpene compounds was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The quantitative composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and absolute calibration. Butyl esters of acids were preliminarily prepared for GLC analysis of triterpene acids. The outer bark of the eastern species of birches contains significantly more betulinic and oleanolic acid than silver birch. The relative content of triterpene acids is greater in the outer bark of branches and in the bark of damaged silver birches. The increase in acid content is apparently associated with the desire to heal a wound. The main component among the triterpenoids of the investigated raw materials is betulin. For the separation of acids from other triterpenoids, various solubilities of the compounds in solvents and the ability of acids to form poorly soluble salts were used.
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION CONDITIONS OF AMORPHOUS CELLULOSE WITH A HIGH ENZYMATIC HYDROLYZABILITY
Authors: Ioelovich Michael Yacob , Morag Eli Aleks
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a method for producing amorphous cellulose (AC) was studied by treatment of initial cellulosic materials (MCC and mixed paper waste paper) with a cold solvent, containing 7% NaOH and 12% urea, at different solvent to cellulose (R) ratios, ml/g. Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that after treatment of MCC with the solvent at R = 3, the crystalline modification (CM) of CI of the initial cellulose is converted to CM CII, having a low crystallinity degree. In the case, where the initial cellulose is treated with the solvent at R ≥ 5, a completely amorphous cellulose (AC) is formed. Due to its high hydrolyzability, the AC with concentration of 50 g/L is converted into glucose almost completely within 48 hours under the action of the CTec-3 enzyme preparation at a dose of 30 mg/g dry substrate. The obtained AC sample can be used as an amorphous standard in the study of enzymatic hydrolysis of various types of cellulose and lignocellulose. It was found that the most beneficial enzymatic saccharification of AC is carried out at increased concentration of the cellulosic substrate, 150 g/L. Due to the high cost of MCC, it is preferable to use low-cost cellulosic raw material, such as mixed waste paper, for the industrial production of AC and glucose.
Plato
Authors: Lin Chunbin , Boursier Etienne , Papakonstantinou Yannis
Published: March 2020

Plato provides fast approximate analytics on time series, by precomputing and storing compressed time series. Plato's key novelty is the delivery of tight deterministic error guarantees for the linear algebra operators over vectors/time series, the inner product operator and arithmetic operators. Composing them allows for evaluating common statistics, such as correlation and cross-correlation. In the offline processing phase, Plato (i) segments each time series into several disjoint segmentations using known fixed-length or variable-length segmentation algorithms; (ii) compresses each segment by a compression function that is coming from a user-chosen compression function family; and (iii) associates to each segment 1 to 3 precomputed error measures. In the online query processing phase, Plato uses the error measures to compute the error guarantees. Importantly, we identify certain compression function families that lead to theoretically and experimentally higher quality guarantees.
Traversing large graphs on GPUs with unified memory
Authors: Gera Prasun , Kim Hyojong , Sao Piyush , Kim Hyesoon , Bader David
Published: March 2020

Due to the limited capacity of GPU memory, the majority of prior work on graph applications on GPUs has been restricted to graphs of modest sizes that fit in memory. Recent hardware and software advances make it possible to address much larger host memory transparently as a part of a feature known as unified virtual memory. While accessing host memory over an interconnect is understandably slower, the problem space has not been sufficiently explored in the context of a challenging workload with low computational intensity and an irregular data access pattern such as graph traversal. We analyse the performance of breadth first search (BFS) for several large graphs in the context of unified memory and identify the key factors that contribute to slowdowns. Next, we propose a lightweight offline graph reordering algorithm, HALO (Harmonic Locality Ordering), that can be used as a pre-processing step for static graphs. HALO yields speedups of 1.5x-1.9x over baseline in subsequent traversals. Our method specifically aims to cover large directed real world graphs in addition to undirected graphs whereas prior methods only account for the latter. Additionally, we demonstrate ties between the locality ordering problem and graph compression and show that prior methods from graph compression such as recursive graph bisection can be suitably adapted to this problem.
Supporting hard queries over probabilistic preferences
Authors: Ping Haoyue , Stoyanovich Julia , Kimelfeld Benny
Published: March 2020

Preference analysis is widely applied in various domains such as social choice and e-commerce. A recently proposed frame- work augments the relational database with a preference re- lation that represents uncertain preferences in the form of statistical ranking models, and provides methods to evaluate Conjunctive Queries (CQs) that express preferences among item attributes. In this paper, we explore the evaluation of queries that are more general and harder to compute.

The main focus of this paper is on a class of CQs that cannot be evaluated by previous work. These queries are provably hard since relate variables that represent items be- ing compared. To overcome this hardness, we instantiate these variables with their domain values, rewrite hard CQs as unions of such instantiated queries, and develop several exact and approximate solvers to evaluate these unions of queries. We demonstrate that exact solvers that target specific common kinds of queries are far more efficient than gen- eral solvers. Further, we demonstrate that sophisticated ap- proximate solvers making use of importance sampling can be orders of magnitude more efficient than exact solvers, while showing good accuracy. In addition to supporting provably hard CQs, we also present methods to evaluate an important family of count queries, and of top-k queries.
Reference intervals of salivary cortisol and cortisone and their diagnostic accuracy in Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Bäcklund Nils , Brattsand Göran , Israelsson Marlen , Ragnarsson Oskar , Burman Pia , Edén Engström Britt , Høybye Charlotte , Berinder Katarina , Wahlberg Jeanette , Olsson Tommy , Dahlqvist Per
Published: March 2020

Objective

The challenge of diagnosing Cushing’s syndrome (CS) calls for high precision biochemical screening. This study aimed to establish robust reference intervals for, and compare the diagnostic accuracy of, salivary cortisol and cortisone in late-night samples and after a low-dose (1 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST).

Design and methods

Saliva samples were collected at 08:00 and 23:00 h, and at 08:00 h, after a DST, from 22 patients with CS and from 155 adult reference subjects. We also collected samples at 20:00 and 22:00 h from 78 of the reference subjects. Salivary cortisol and cortisone were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The reference intervals were calculated as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the reference population measurements. Diagnostic accuracies of different tests were compared, based on areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves.

Results

The upper reference limits of salivary cortisol and cortisone at 23:00 h were 3.6 nmol/L and 13.5 nmol/L, respectively. Using these reference limits, CS was detected with a sensitivity (95% CI) of 90% (70–99%) and specificity of 96% (91–98%) for cortisol, and a 100% (84–100%) sensitivity and 95% (90–98%) specificity for cortisone. After DST, cortisol and cortisone upper reference limits were 0.79 nmol/L and 3.5 nmol/L, respectively. CS was detected with 95% (75–100%) sensitivity and 96% (92–99%) specificity with cortisol, and 100% (83–100%) sensitivity and 94% (89–97%) specificity with cortisone. No differences in salivary cortisol or cortisone levels were found between samples collected at 22:00 and 23:00 h.

Conclusion

Salivary cortisol and cortisone in late-night samples and after DST showed high accuracy for diagnosing CS, salivary cortisone being slightly, but significantly better.
Percepción del Sistema Normativo y sus correlatos psicosociales en Argentina, Perú y Venezuela
Authors: Beramendi Maite Regina , Espinosa Pezzia Agustín , Acosta Yorelis
Published: March 2020

Este estudio analiza la percepción del sistema normativo, su relación con las emociones que derivan de dicha evaluacióny componentes de la identidad nacional en Argentina, Perú y Venezuela. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 799 personas.Por una parte, los resultados dan cuenta de una percepción negativa del sistema normativo en los países estudiados, una alta sensación de desmoralización social y una balanza emocional negativa ante el funcionamiento del sistema normativo; por otra, muestran puntuaciones medias-altas en las medidas de identificación con el colectivo nacional y la autoestima colectiva. A partir de un análisis de senderos se observa que la percepción del sistema normativo genera sensaciones de desmoralización social, emociones negativas, ausencia de emociones positivas, disminución de la autoestima colectiva e, indirectamente, una menor identificación con el colectivo nacional. Es decir, la percepción negativa del sistema normativo repercute negativamente a nivel emocional en los ciudadanos, debilita la sensación de justicia distributiva informal y disminuye los sentimientos de orgullo y satisfacción por la patria.
Sesgo Cognitivo de Optimismo y Percepción de Bienestar en una Muestra de Universitarios Ecuatorianos
Authors: Torres-Salazar Cristina , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Ramos-Ramírez Martha , López-Castro Javier
Published: March 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la relación  del sesgo cognitivo de optimismo en el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en una muestra de universitarios del Ecuador. Para ello, se implementó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal, a través de la aplicación de cuestionarios de satisfacción con la vida, afectos positivos y negativos, bienestar psicológico, orientación de vida y visión del futuro, en una muestra de 400 participantes (67% mujeres y 33% hombres), con edad media de 21,3 años, estudiantes de una universidad pública (66.5%) y una cofinanciada (37.5%) de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Según los resultados, el optimismo disposicional se correlaciona con la satisfacción con la vida (r=.378), los afectos positivos (r=.357) y los negativos (r=-.413), y el bienestar psicológico (r=.616), mientras que los sesgos de optimismo ilusorio (r=.221) e ilusión de invulnerabilidad (r=-.235) lo hacen únicamente con el bienestar psicológico. Como conclusión se adelanta que existe evidencia de racionalidad limitada a través de los sesgos que estimulan el bienestar.
Metaphorical and metonymic conceptualization in body part idioms in English and Hungarian
Authors: Soldatkina Tatiana A.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. In modern linguistics, the study of metaphorical and metonymic conceptualization in the phraseology of different structural languages is relevant. The main purpose of the article is to study the similarities and differences in metonymic and metaphorical conceptualization, through body part idioms in English and Hungarian. The conceptual mechanisms of somatic phraseological units in the English language and their Hungarian equivalents were studied.
Materials and Methods. The article is based on Corpus of the English body part phraseological units from the Соllins Соbuild Dictionary of Idioms, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 605 idioms were singled out by continuous sampling. The most adequate translation equivalents of the English metaphorical linguistic expressions are taken from Anglo-Hungarian idiom dictionaries and from Brief General Dictionaries. The descriptive method and elements of the comparative-historical method were used in the work.
Results and Discussion. By analyzing phraseological units of body parts and their Hungarian equivalents, the author divided them into thematic groups according to the body part criteria, namely English body part idioms with such components as ‘body’, ‘bone’, ‘flesh’, ‘muscles’, ‘chest’, ‘eyebrows’, ‘ear’, ‘nose’, ‘mouth’, ‘throat’, ‘neck’, ‘knee’, ‘toe’, and their Hungarian equivalents represented by various metaphorical and metonymic models.
Conclusion. The research showed significant similarity between the English and the Hungarian languages. The languages are characterized by similar conceptual metaphors, metonymies and a variety of traditional/cultural background. The analysis of body part idioms has revealed similarities at the generic level, whereas differences tend to exist at the specific level. Different ways of conceptualization can be expressed in several ways in English and Hungarian. Linguistic differences may relate to literary meanings of expressions, the choice of specific conceptual mechanisms, and the expression of the same or different conceptual metaphors and metonymies.
Historical memory in Finno-Ugric families of Mordpvians and Udmurts (experience in analyzing of family histories)
Authors: Dadaeva Tatiana M. , Motkin Vladislav N.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Historical memory determines a person’s attitude towards the country, towards their people, ethnic group, and other groups with which they identify themselves with. The formation of historical memory involves not only the state, which is interested in fostering a sense of patriotism and citizenship in the young generation, but also such social institutions as the family, school, University, media, etc. Family attaches the individual to the social experience of the past, as it lays the foundation of the individual forms of self-awareness, love for the homeland, and its past. Family memory is part of historical memory, because there is no family history outside the history of the country.
Materials and methods. The article presents an analysis of sociological qualitative research of semi-structured interviews in order to identify the role of the family in the process of forming the historical memory of young people in the Finno-Ugric families of Mordovians and Udmurts. 28 interviews were conducted (14 Mordovian and 14 Udmurt families were interviewed). The research included the study of the main mechanisms, factors and features of the formation of historical memory in the Finno-Ugric families of Mordovians and Udmurts.
Research and Discussion. It was revealed that the main mechanisms for transmitting family memory to the younger generation are family stories, observance of a certain family, ethnic traditions, commemorative practices, etc. The central event of historical memory in the families of Mordovians and Udmurts is the Great Patriotic war, which affected every family. Most of the informants participate in the action «Immortal regiment». The interest in the history of the family, the family name is higher than interest in the homeland, the history of their ethnic group. In Udmurt families, there was a better awareness of ethnic traditions and holidays than in Mordovian ones. The most visited places of memory are churches, cemeteries, and the Eternal fire memorial.
Conclusion. The family aspect of historical memory is given more attention in the Finno-Ugric families of Mordovia and Udmurts than the regional (ethnic) or Federal one. Most respondents believe that family and school play a crucial role in shaping the historical memory of the younger generation.
The Mari wedding robes as a group’s identity marker (based on the materials of the Russian Museum of Ethnography)
Authors: Pesetskaya Aleksandra A.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. In traditional culture, wedding clothing is distinguished by its multifunctionality and attractiveness, as it is meant to reflect significant social changes. In a Mari wedding clothing, robes have always played a particular role of an indicator of belonging to the community. The robe’s design and decorative features played a role of a marker.
Materials and Methods. The research is based on the collections of the Russian Museum of Ethnography, which has an archive of wedding caftans of the Hill and Meadow Mari, as well as a great deal of written and field sources (2010 – 2018).
Results and Discussion. The article differentiates male’s and female’s wedding caftans, underlines their basic local distinctive decor features. The colour serves as the main criterion. Apart from that, there are some distinctive features in the caftans’ back part and breast area. The article singles out highly and least decorated parts of the wedding caftan, takes a look at various materials served as a basis for decoration of the most important areas of the item. The paper highlights the most “alteration-proof” parts of the caftan and underlines the features of the wedding clothing.
Conclusion. A study of this clothing item is of great significance in terms of the research of changes in the Mari traditional ceremonial clothes, because as field research in the region has proved, the color of the wedding caftan keeps on varying depending on local customs and remains to be a criterion of the group’s identity.
Technical and technological features of the pottery in Mordovia
Authors: Barmenkov Andrey S.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The article considers to the features of pottery and brings the results of the research of pottery technology which was common on the territory of Mordovia. An in-depth, systematically organized culturological approach to the study of artistic ceramics and ancient ornaments on pottery allows the author to study a wide range of issues of ancient history, which until now have been resolved mainly on an intuitive level and not within the framework of cultural studies, if they were the subject of the attention of researchers at all.
Materials and methods. The article discusses a specific aspect of the study of pottery ceramics, technological. The analysis is based on the historical, cultural and morphological principles of the study. It employed the documents stored in the Scientific Archive of the Research Institute for the Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as the ethnographic material of the S. D. Erzia Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts, Mordovian Republican United Museum of Local Lore, Museum of Folk Culture of Mordovia.
Results and discussion. An attempt to build a typology of pottery ceramics on the territory of Mordovia traces both the preservation of all-Russian functional, formal-morphological features, names of objects, and the emergence of new regional, local features, which was the result of adaptation and mutual influence of various ethnographic groups of the population. The design of this typology suggests the possibility of introducing additional levels when revealing new samples of clay utensils.
Conclusion. In the economy of the ancient Mordovians up to the middle of I thousand AD a large role was played by various crafts. The appearance and development of pottery is inextricably linked with the productive activities of the Mordovians. For many centuries, dishes were made by stucco, and later by an exhaust method. Pottery ceramics played an important role in developing the basis of peasant farming and occupied a special niche in the ethno-economic structure of the peasants.
Late Gothic, Renaissance and Manneristic Figural Sepulchral Monuments in Moravia and Czech Silesia
Authors: Myslivečková Hana
Published: March 2020

The overview study summarises in an updated context the findings of a long-term research into sepulchral sculpture in Moravia and Czech Silesia, which dealt primarily with whole-figure sepulchral monuments, ranging from examples dependent on fading Central European late Gothic tradition, through examples gradually influenced by early Renaissance italianising elements up to such forms that were marked by Italian and Nordic Mannerism. Based on a comprehensive regional and broader Central European style-critical comparison, applying the criteria of contemporary artistic influences, individual creative approach, craftsmanship routine and other indicia important for a work to be done, the study presents the efforts to incorporate works into circles given by a specific author or workshops, or to highlight the provenience ties of solitary works.

The study shows that despite the enormous loss of sepulchral monuments that have occurred in the past, Moravia and Czech Silesia excel in its numerous production of figural tombstones, which demonstrate the ability of the monitored area to accept and operate with new humanist and representative content, and by the existence of which the local sepulchral sculpture reached specific expression. In addition to eschatological significance and private memorial function, the sepulchral monuments of nobility served also as a family policy, whereby the privileged strata confirmed the old tradition; which contained a personal, genealogical, confessional and political reminder.

Despite the selective character of the study, the processed material brings findings that can contribute to deeper understanding of the overall picture of sepulchral tomb sculpture of the monitored area as well as to its evaluation in the national and European context.