bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the assimilation of IASI radiances in forecasting polar lows
Authors: Randriamampianina Roger , Iversen Trond , Storto Andrea
Published: June 2011

We studied the use of IASI data to improve the forecasts of extreme weather events in the Arctic region. For this purpose, the HARMONIE/Norway regional model was used. A set of 366 IASI channels was initially chosen from the ECMWF archived database. Active channels showing the best fit with the analysis system were selected by applying a multi‐step monitoring technique. The IASI data were assimilated together with most of the available conventional and operational satellite observations using a three‐dimensional variational data assimilation system. Four experiments with cyclic assimilations and subsequent 48‐hour forecasts were performed during the IPY‐THORPEX campaign period to evaluate the impact of the IASI data and the campaign observations on the hydrostatic HARMONIE/Norway analyses and forecasts.

The assessment of the degrees of freedom for signals on the analysis showed that incorporating the IASI data in the assimilation system improved the contribution of the other observations. The utilization of an energy norm‐based approach proved the sensitivity of the forecasts to the IASI channels in cases dominated by dynamic instabilities leading to quickly developing weather systems like, for example, polar lows.

Comparison of the HARMONIE/Norway forecasts against independent observations and the ECMWF analyses showed a clear positive impact of the IASI data on geopotential fields in mid‐troposphere and in the troposphere in general, respectively. We found small but significant positive impact on the temperature and humidity in the lower troposphere.

A case‐study showed positive impact of IASI radiances on the analysis and forecasts of a polar low. The impact on the forecasts lasted up to 24 hours when extra in situ campaign data were excluded from the analysis, and up to 36 hours when the campaign data were assimilated together with the IASI radiances. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Totally robotic right colectomy: a preliminary case series and an overview of the literature
Authors: Buchs Nicolas C. , Pugin François , Bucher Pascal , Morel Philippe
Published: June 2011

Background

Since the introduction of robotics, relatively few series have been published evaluating its role for right colectomy. The aim of this study was to report our preliminary experience with totally robotic right colectomy (TRRC).

Methods

Between 2009 and 2010 we performed three TRRCs, using a hand‐sewn intracorporeal anastomosis. Data were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Two women and one man underwent a TRRC. Mean operative time was 270 min. Mean blood loss was 30 ml. There was no conversion. Mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 18. There were no complications. Median hospital stay was 10 days. After a median follow‐up of 10 months, there was no tumoural recurrence.

Conclusion

TRRC is not only safe and feasible but also oncologically effective. Although preliminary and small, this experience confirmed the results from previous series using a hand‐sewn intracorporeal anastomosis. Larger series are required to draw firm conclusions concerning the possible indications for TRRC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vorindustrielle Eisenbauteile — Produktionstechnik und Materialeigenschaften
Authors: Junker Thomas , Holzer Stefan M. , Kröber Christoph , Gudladt Hans‐Joachim
Published: June 2011

Über die Eigenschaften von Eisenbaustoffen, die vor der Einführung des Puddelverfahrens produziert worden sind, liegen nur wenige Veröffentlichungen vor. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zwei Probensätze aus charakteristischer Verwendung untersucht: Eine eiserne Gewölbesicherungen aus der ehemaligen Abteikirche Fürstenfeld (1727) und eine eiserne Gewindestange aus einer Reparatur des Dachwerks von Schloss Schleißheim (1819). Die Untersuchungsergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der historischen Quellen zur Produktion eiserner Bauteile vor 1820 in Deutschland betrachtet, und Hinweise zur Interpretation zerstörungsfreier In‐Situ‐Untersuchungen derartiger Bauelemente auf Grundlage der Bestimmung der Vickershärte werden gegeben.

Iron elements in pre‐industrial buildings — Production and material properties. Centuries before the erection of the earliest all‐iron structures, iron elements played a crucial role in many important constructions. Little data have been published on the properties of pre‐industrial iron as a building material. The present paper presents the results of an indepth analysis of two sets of specimens from typical pre‐industrial building uses of iron: iron ties from the vault of the baroque church at Fürstenfeld (1727) and iron bolts from an early 19th century rehabilitation of the roof of the palace at Schleißheim (1819). Rich historical source material is also available, so that the findings can be viewed from two different perspectives. We conclude with a tentative assessment of the non‐destructive Vickers hardness test in such cases.
Besonderheiten bei der Sanierung des Korrosionsschutzes älterer Stahlkonstruktionen
Authors: Gelhaar Andreas , Schneider Andreas
Published: June 2011

Die Sanierung des Korrosionsschutzes von älteren Stahlkonstruktionen kann durch eine Instandsetzung oder Vollerneuerung erfolgen. Für den Fall einer vorgesehenen Instandsetzung kann eine Entscheidung dazu erst im Ergebnis einer detaillierten Zustandsüberprüfung am Objekt vorgenommen werden. Unabhängig von der gewählten Sanierungsvariante bestehen bei Altkonstruktionen spezielle Anforderungen an die Planung und Durchführung einer derartigen Maßnahme. Diese resultieren einerseits aus den konstruktiven Besonderheiten, wie sie beispielsweise bei Nietkonstruktionen vorhanden sind. Andererseits kann auch eine verstärkte korrosive Belastung der Konstruktion während der bisherigen Bauwerksnutzung die Durchführung von gesonderten Maßnahmen erforderlich machen. Ist eine Instandsetzung geplant, dann sollte das aufgestellte Sanierungskonzept erprobt und dazu Probeflächen am Objekt angelegt werden.

Particular aspects in the renewal of corrosion protection on older steel structures. The renewal of corrosion protection on older steel structures may take the form of maintenance or complete renewal. A decision regarding this is only possible as a result of a detailed examination of the condition of the structure. Irrespective of the renewal variant chosen, old structures typically place special requirements on the planning and implementation of such measures. On the one hand these are the result of the construction peculiarities, such as those found in rivet construction. On the other hand, increased corrosive stress on the structure during its usage thus far may demand the implementation of separate measures. In the case of a planned implementation the renewal concept should be tested and test areas created on the structure. In the scope of the drafting of the bidding documents an exhaustive description of the work is to be undertaken, including a detailed description of the condition of the existing corrosion protection, to ensure that the bidder can conduct an orderly calculation of his work.
Network topology measures
Authors: Kincaid Rex K. , Phillips David J.
Published: June 2011

Networks have emerged as a unifying modeling tool across a diverse set of problem domains. Evolving methods for the analysis and design of networks must be able to address network performance in the face of increasing demands, contain and control local network disturbances, and efficiently determine network topologies that accurately represent the underlying process. Central to this effort is the identification of network‐invariant functions that measure relevant topological features such as connectivity and sparsity. Results concerning network topology measures and their relationship to global and local network structures are surveyed. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 557–565 DOI: 10.1002/wics.180

This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Graph and Network Data

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Integer Programming
Synthesis and Characterization of 3,3′‐Bis(Dinitromethyl)‐5,5′‐Azo‐1H‐1,2,4‐Triazole
Authors: Dippold Alexander A. , Klapötke Thomas M.
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of 3,3′‐bis(dinitromethyl)‐5,5′‐azo‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (5) using the readily available starting material 2‐(5‐amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)acetic acid (1) is described. All compounds were characterized by means of NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The energetic compound 5 was additionally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and DSC measurements. The sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrical discharge were determined. In addition, detonation parameters (e.g. heat of explosion, detonation velocity) of the target compound were computed using the EXPLO5 code based on the calculated (CBS‐4M) heat of formation and X‐ray density.
Facile Separation and Crystal Structure Determination of C2‐C82(3) Fullerene
Authors: Ziegler Karolin , Amsharov Konstantin Yu , Halasz Ivan , Jansen Martin
Published: June 2011

A report of the facile separation of C2‐C82(3) fullerene is given, which has resulted in the isolation of isomerically pure C82(3) on a preparative scale, avoiding time consuming recycling procedures. By single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of C82(3)·Ni(OEP) (Nickel octaethylporphyrine) the first crystal structure containing pristine C82(3) has been revealed.
The Geometry of Enhancement in Multiple Regression
Authors: Waller Niels G.
Published: June 2011

In linear multiple regression, “enhancement” is said to occur when R2=b′r>r′r, where b is a p×1 vector of standardized regression coefficients and r is a p×1 vector of correlations between a criterion y and a set of standardized regressors, x. When p=1 then b≡r and enhancement cannot occur. When p=2, for all full-rank Rxx≠I, Rxx=E[xx′]=VΛV′ (where VΛV′ denotes the eigen decomposition of Rxx; λ1>λ2), the set \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\boldsymbol{B}_{1}:=\{\boldsymbol{b}_{i}:R^{2}=\boldsymbol{b}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}=\boldsymbol{r}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i};0 \ltR^{2}\le1\}$\end{document} contains four vectors; the set \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\boldsymbol{B}_{2}:=\{\boldsymbol{b}_{i}: R^{2}=\boldsymbol{b}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}\gt\boldsymbol{r}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}$\end{document}; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$0\lt R^{2}\le1;R^{2}\lambda_{p}\leq\boldsymbol{r}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}\lt R^{2}\}$\end{document} contains an infinite number of vectors. When p≥3 (and λ1>λ2>⋯>λp), both sets contain an uncountably infinite number of vectors. Geometrical arguments demonstrate that B1 occurs at the intersection of two hyper-ellipsoids in ℝp. Equations are provided for populating the sets B1 and B2 and for demonstrating that maximum enhancement occurs when b is collinear with the eigenvector that is associated with λp (the smallest eigenvalue of the predictor correlation matrix). These equations are used to illustrate the logic and the underlying geometry of enhancement in population, multiple-regression models. R code for simulating population regression models that exhibit enhancement of any degree and any number of predictors is included in Appendices A and B.
Intracellular transport of synaptic proteins
Authors: Kneussel Matthias
Published: June 2011

Intracellular transport delivers cellular car­goes to and from their sites of action. Neurons are characterized by a polar and excitable nature and require the precise delivery of mRNAs, proteins and organelles to specific subcellular domains.

Multiple motor protein complexes have been identified that actively transport synaptic cargoes along microtubules and actin fil­aments in both anterograde and retrograde directions. Different synaptic proteins couple via adaptor molecules to molecular motors and individual cargo adaptors also mediate scaffolding functions at postsynaptic membrane specializations, or have been found to participate in the navigation of cargoes to either axons or dendrites.

Increasing evidence suggests a functional crosstalk between synaptic activation and the intracellular transport machinery.

Whether microtubule-based transport contributes to long-term strengthening or weakening of synapses is currently under investigation. A variety of posttranslational modifications of tubulin positively or negatively influence cargo traffic and are suggest­ed to act as molecular traffic signs in trans­port regulation.
Relatively unramified elements in cycle modules
Authors: Kahn Bruno
Published: June 2011

In a recent paper, Merkurjev showed that for a smooth proper varietyXover a fieldk, the functorM* ↦A0(X, M0) from cycle modules to abelian groups is corepresented by a cycle module constructed on the Chow group of 0-cycles ofX. We show that if “proper” is relaxed, the result still holds by replacing the Chow group of 0-cycles by the 0-th Suslin homology group ofX.
Ensemble-based analysis of regional climate change effects on the cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus(Mrsh.)) in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.)
Authors: JUNK J. , EICKERMANN M. , GÖRGEN K. , BEYER M. , HOFFMANN L.
Published: June 2011

The impact of projected regional climate change on the migration of cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus) to oilseed rape crops in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is evaluated for past and future time spans. Several threshold-based statistical models for the emergence and the main migration ofC. pallidactyluswere chosen from the literature and combined with selected regional climate change projections of the EU ENSEMBLES project. Additionally, a simple degree-day based model was used to assess the plant development under expected climate change conditions. An earlier onset as well as a prolongation of the possible emergence times and the main migration periods was detected. The onset of stem elongation of oilseed rape was predicted to occur 3·0 days earlier per decade, while emergence ofC. pallidactyluswas expected to occur between 3·0 and 3·3 days earlier per decade. The main migration period of the weevil to the field may start 2·0 days earlier per decade under future climate conditions. Additionally, the time span of possible migration is prolonged for about 30 days under projected future climate conditions.
Which cognitions and behaviours mediate the positive effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Knoop H. , van Kessel K. , Moss-Morris R.
Published: June 2011

Background

Chronic fatigue is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was more effective in reducing MS fatigue than relaxation training (RT). The aim of the current study was to analyse additional data from this trial to determine whether (1) CBT compared to RT leads to significantly greater changes in cognitions and behaviours hypothesized to perpetuate MS fatigue; (2) changes in these variables mediate the effect of CBT on MS fatigue; and (3) these mediation effects are independent of changes in mood.

Method

Seventy patients (CBT, n=35; RT, n=35) completed the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses to Symptoms Questionnaire (CBSQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) modified to measure negative representations of fatigue, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ), pre- and post-therapy. Multiple mediation analysis was used to determine which variables mediated the change in fatigue.

Results

Avoidance behaviour and three cognitive variables (symptom focusing, believing symptoms are a sign of damage and a negative representation of fatigue) improved significantly more in the CBT than the RT group. Mediation analysis showed that changing negative representations of fatigue mediated the decrease in severity of fatigue. Change in anxiety covaried with reduction in fatigue but the mediation effect for negative representations of fatigue remained when controlling for improvements in mood.

Conclusions

Change in beliefs about fatigue play a crucial role in CBT for MS fatigue. These beliefs and the role of anxiety deserve more attention in the further development of this intervention.
Smoking, Stigma and Social Class
Authors: GRAHAM HILARY
Published: June 2011

The decline in cigarette smoking in high-income countries is attributed to the increasing social unacceptability of smoking, a cultural shift in which tobacco control policies are identified as playing a major part. While seen as essential to protect public health, there is a growing appreciation that these polices may have contributed to a social climate in which smoking is stigmatised. The paper reviews this debate on smoking and stigma. It notes that individuals are represented by their smoking status; other social differences are typically treated as secondary. Thus, while the links between disadvantage and smoking are acknowledged, social class remains on the margins of the debate. The paper argues instead that class provides an essential analytic lens through which to understand the stigma of smoking and the stigmatising impacts of tobacco control policies. In support of its argument, it discusses how the stigmatisation of smoking has occurred against a backdrop of widening socioeconomic differentials in smoking and the increasing importance of the body and behaviour in public discourses about social class and moral worth. The paper concludes by underlining the importance of embedding tobacco control research and policy in an appreciation of social class, and social inequalities more broadly.
Revisiting the pediment of the Palatine metroön: a Vergilian interpretation
Authors: Bell Roslynne
Published: June 2011

In questo articolo viene riesaminato il frontone del tempio augusteo della Magna Mater sul Palatino. Vengono anche presi in considerazione argomenti a favore del riferimento alsellistemium, e alle tradizionali identificazioni delle principali figure della composizione sia come Attis o comegalliViene proposta una lettura alternativa del frontone. Usando il ramo di pino come chiave di lettura,l'Eneidedi Virgilio viene anteposta come un iconografico ‘piano’ per una scena in cui la Magna Mater fu celebrata sia come divinità nazionale di Roma sia come divinità tutelare di Augusto e dei Giulio-Claudii. Le figure in questione sono re-identificate come personificazioni del Monte Ida troiano e del colle Palatino — importanti luoghi di adorazione nell'Oriente e nell'Occidente, e simboli della duplice eredità condivisa dalla Magna Mater, Roma e lo stesso principe.
Excavations at Le Mura di Santo Stefano, Anguillara Sabazia
Authors: Van de Noort Robert , Whitehouse David , Becker Marshall Joseph , Blagg Thomas , Burnett Douglas , Caruso Ida , Claridge Amanda , Clark Gill , Costantini Loredana , Costantini Lorenzo , Burke Belinda Hall , Lyttelton Margaret , Napolitano Gilberto , Patterson Helen , Perkins Phil , Rovelli Alessia , Sutherland Sheila
Published: June 2011

La relazione presenta i risultati degli scavi condotti tra il 1977 e il 1981 presso le imponenti rovine note come Le Mura di Santo Stefano, situate vicino Anguillara Sabazia, appena 3 km a sud del Lago di Bracciano. La fase più antica di occupazione era relativa ad una fattoria di I secolo d.C. Intorno al 200 d.C. viene costruita una serie di strutture, compreso un edificio a pianta rettangolare su tre piani copiosamente decorato con diciannove tipi di marmo, suggerendo così che il complesso avesse un carattere lussuoso, possibilmente parte di unlatifundium. Si hanno evidenze di ulteriori attività nel III o inizi IV secolo d.C. Nel IX secolo, dopo un periodo di abbandono, parte del complesso fu convertito nella chiesa di Santo Stefano. L'aula rettangolare fu rioccupata e le restanti rovine usate come cimitero. Si è dedotto che il sito possa aver funzionato come centro di una proprietà medievale, parte delladomuscultapapale, o in alternativa come unfundusdi una struttura monastica. Nell'XI secolo il sito fu abbandonato, dopo ehe i resti di scheletri appartenenti ad almeno 90 individui, e le ossa di tre cani, furono interrati in un pozzo tappato con pezzi di sculture marmoree romane.
Governor and government in sixteenth-century Rome
Authors: Pattenden Miles
Published: June 2011

L'importanza del governo a Roma e il ruolo del papa e dei suoi ufficiali in esso crebbero rapidamente nel corso del XVI secolo. Il presente articolo prende la figura del governatore della città come uncase-studye, usando dati legislativi, d'archivio e finanziari, ci si domanda come possiamo valutare quel processo e cosa rivela circa le aspirazioni dei Romani per il governo. Si conclude che questa espansione non fu il risultato di una centralizzazione deliberate o di una razionalizzazione dai papi del XVI secolo, ma che differenti gruppi all'interno della società romana sfruttarono l'idea di un'autorità papale per promuovere i loro propri interessi e incoraggiare la stabilità politica. Infine l'articolo prende in considerazione le conseguenze che questo ha avuto per lo sviluppo di Roma come una comunità politica, e si arguisce che nei secoli precedenti la rivoluzione francese, lungi dall'essere una causa di stagnazione e declino, il governo papale continuò ad evolversi per incontrare le aspettative maturate su di esso dalla societàdell'ancien régime.
Notes from Rome
Authors: Coates-Stephens Robert
Published: June 2011

Questa gazzetta ha lo scopo di presentare ad un lettore fuori Roma notizie della recente attività archeologica (principalmente per il 2008, ma anche per gli inizi del 2009) tratte da conferenze, convegni, mostre e relazioni su giornali.
La domus dei Valerii sul Celio alla luce delle recenti scoperte
Authors: Barbera Mariarosaria , Palladino Sergio , Paterna Claudia
Published: June 2011

This article describes the discovery of an area of habitation of the domus of the Valerii, a family with yen ancient origins, said to descend from the first consul, Valerius Publicola. The excavation, undertaken in 2005, investigated deposits beneath the Ospedale dell'Addolorata where, in the early years of the twentieth century, the construction of the southeast block destroyed the upper levels and a complex row of structures along the northern side, towards via Santo Stefano Rotondo. Since the middle of the sixteenth century, uncontrolled excavation and research have recovered an important inheritance of knowledge and of high-quality finds — often sold or dispersed in some way. The excavation has revealed part of a frescoed corridor, 3.8 m wide and originally c. 3 m high, with a pavement in black mosaic, with windows opening onto a garden. Of this imposing structrure, datable to the late Hadrianic period, various phases of building activity, abandonment and reuse have been identified, amongst which the construction of a hidental is of particular interest.
Saint Peter's, Leo the Great and the leprosy of Constantine
Authors: Liverani Paolo
Published: June 2011

È possibile rialzare all'età di Costantino la datazione di due mosaici situati sull'arco di trionfo e sull'abside della basilica vaticana di San Pietro, sulla base della reinterprctazione delle loro iscrizioni. Sulla facciata della chiesa possiamo anche ricostruire il soggetto apocalittico di un terzo importante mosaico e attribuirlo al periodo di Papa Leone Magno (440–61). Alcune sillogi del VII secolo d.C. ci informano circa la presenza dell'immagine di Costantino accompagnata da una lunga iscrizione in cui si fa allusione alla sua guarigione miracolosa dalla lebbra e al suo battesimo. Questo testo ha evitato la discussione sull'origine dell'AchisSilvestri, che ha una notevole importanza in quanto è il primo documento che attesta chiaramente questa leggenda. Inoltre esso è significativamente connesso a Papa Leone Magno — nel contesto del dibattito circa la supremazia del papa di Roma — e probabilmente con la famiglia di Costantino stesso. Infatti il mosaico fu pagato da Flavius Avitus Marinianus, pretoriano prefetto del 422 e console un anno più tardi, e da sua moglie, Anastasia, che fu probabilmente una stranipote dell'imperatore Costantino.
A portrait of Cardinal Pompeo Colonna, rival and imitator of the papal Caesars
Authors: Bates Piers Baker
Published: June 2011

Nella Galleria Colonna di Roma si trova un ritratto poco considerato di uno delle figure più significative, e lui stesso a sua volta poco considerato, della storia dei primi venticinque anni del XVI secolo a Roma: il Cardinale Pompeo Colonna. I fini di questo articolo sono due: innanzitutto identificare il reale artista di quel ritratto, precedentemente attribuito a Lorenzo Lotto, ma in questa sede identificato come Sebastiano del Piombo; e, in secondo luogo, restituire al Cardinale Pompeo il giusto grado di importanza in questo momento critico della storia del papato e di Roma. Il tema dell'articolo sarà quindi ampliato al fine di comprendere i percorsi che avrebbero reso possibile l'incontro tra il patrono e l'artista, e dimostrare come queste particolari contatti — qui riferiti come ‘imperiali’ — offrano una nuova via per collegare la carriera di Sebastiano del Piombo a Roma.
Dosso's early artistic reputation and the origins of landscape painting
Authors: Colby Robert
Published: June 2011

Nei loro rispettivi resoconti biografici di Dosso Dossi (1487?—1542), Paolo Giovio e Giorgio Vasari descrissero l'artista della corte ferrarese con una buona reputazione per la pittura dei paesaggi. Con questo articolo si esamineranno le reazioni critiche alla luce del programma storiografico di ciascun autore, considerando come si evolvevano gli approcci di Dosso alla pittura dei paesaggi nel corso della sua carriera. I dipinti di Dosso sono stati a lungo visti come primi esempi di un ‘paesaggio indipendente’, costrutto che deve essere esaminato di nuovo al fine di comprendere pienamente lo scopo, il contesto e il significato delle inusuali scene di paesaggio della pittura di Dosso.
‘Adelchi’ and ‘Attila’: the barbarians and the Risorgimento
Authors: Wood Ian
Published: June 2011

Durante il Risorgimento frequenti riferimenti sono stati fatti al Medioevo al fine di comprendere le condizioni del presente. Vari sono gli eventi medievale riferiti, ma un uso particolare fu fatto delle migrazioni barbariche, specialmente quelle unniche e longobarde. Le interpretazioni offerte da questi eventi furono ispirate dalle idee già sviluppate in Francia e Germania. Con il presente lavoro si guarda all'ampia storiografia francese alla base del trattamento di Manzoni dei Longobardi nella tragedia diAdelchi(e il suoDiscorsodi accompagnamento, scritto per spiegare la sua interpretazione), e ai lavori, molto diversi, di letteratura tedesca e svizzera che sono alla base del trattamento di Verdi degli Unni nel suoAttila.
The words of the migrant: tales of contemporary Italy
Authors: Forgacs David
Published: June 2011

L'articolo fornisce un quadro breve del progetto di ricerca ‘Linguaggio/lingua, spazio e potere in Italia sin dal 1800’ che sto conducendo alla British School at Rome dal 2006 al 2009, e fornisce esempi tratti da uno dei più completi case studies. Nell'insieme, con questi case studies si esaminano gli intrecci del linguaggio/lingua, dello spazio e del potere in un certo numero di istituzioni e agenzie, inclusi l'esercito, i tribunali e gli ospedali psichiatrici, e in ricerche etnografiche e antropologiche. Il caso qui illustrato è quello della recente immigrazione in Italia e in particolare la verbalizzazione delle relazioni di potere tra ospiti e immigrati, e le rappresentazioni verbali e visive degli immigrati. I due esempi costituiscono eventi che hanno avuto luogo nel campo di detenzione di Regina Pacis in Puglia e le rappresentazioni degli immigrati rumeni a Roma, incluse le giovani donne che lavorano come prostitute.
Notes from Rome
Authors: Coates-Stephens Robert
Published: June 2011

Questa gazzetta intende presentare ad un lettore fuori Roma un notiziario di una recente attività archeologica (principalmente del 2007 ma anche degli inizi del 2008) raccolta da conferenze pubbliche, convegni, mostre e articoli di giornali.
Exploring the sanctuary of Venus and its sacred grove: politics, cult and identity in Roman Pompeii
Authors: Carroll Maureen
Published: June 2011

Sommarii:

Indagini archeologiche condotte nel tempio di Venere a Pompei hanno dimostrato che il santuario fu costruito su un triplice portico e che degli alberi furono sistemati nella corte intorno a tre lati del tempio. Questo paesaggio è contemporaneo alia costruzione del tempio romano della metà del I secolo a.C, ed è uno dei boschi consacrati piu antichi nel mondo romano per il quale si abbiano evidenze archeologiche. I risultati del lavoro archeologico gettano luce non solo sul paesaggio del sito, ma anche su vari importanti aspetti correlati con gli sviluppi originari del recinto e dell'uso del suolo nella colonia di Pompei. Una riflessione dell'evidenza archeologica e storica e delle circostanze sociali della città nel I secolo a.C. suggerisce che il tempio e il bosco sacro degli dei tutelari della città simboleggiavano sia l'identità politica sia la divina sanzione della Pompei romana.
Rome and the transformation of the imperial office in the late fourth–mid-fifth centuries AD
Authors: McEvoy Meaghan
Published: June 2011

Sommarii:

Questo articolo identifica una ragione finora non riconosciuta circa la crescente presenza imperiale a Roma dall'ascesa di Onorio nel 395 d.C. fino all'assassinio di Valentiniano III nel 455, nella forma della trasformazione dell'ufficio imperiale stesso, che stava prendendo piede in questo periodo, come risultato della ripetuta ascesa degli imperatori-bambini nel Occidente tardo-romano. Questi prolungati governi dei minori, che si verificano a un certo punto nella storia tardo-romana quando la crescita della cerimonializzazione e owiamente della cristianizzazione andarono a costituire un importante parte del ruolo delrimperatore, portarono con loro anche una piu grande necessita che la citta di Roma agisse come stage politico chiave per l'esposizione del cerimoniale imperiale, in particolare tanto il supporto della ricchezza deH'aristocrazia senatoria fondata a Roma, divenne ancora piu cruciale quanta le fonti delle entrate imperiali andarono perdute all'impero d'Occidente per via delle invasioni barbariche. In aggiunta, la fondazione del mausoleo di Onorio, adiacente alia basilica di San Pietro, e l'estesa costruzione delle chiese e gli sforzi decorativi della famiglia imperiale durante il regno di Valentiniano III, illuminarono le credenziali cristiane dell'imperatore d'Occidente, e contestano la vecchia visione che i vescovi di Roma avevano gia preso il soprawento sul ruolo delrimperatore' all'interno della citta a partire dal V secolo d.C.
The influence of bilingualism on third language acquisition: Focus on multilingualism
Authors: Cenoz Jasone
Published: June 2011

This paper focuses on the advantages that bilinguals have over monolinguals when acquiring an additional language. Bilinguals are more experienced language learners and have potentially developed learning strategies to a larger extent than monolinguals. They also have a larger linguistic and intercultural repertoire at their disposal. In this paper the methodology and results of studies on the influence of bilingualism on third language acquisition (TLA) will be reviewed and their contribution to the study of multilingualism discussed. A new perspective,focus on multilingualism, is presented as a more appropriate way to analyse the effect of bilingualism on TLA. This perspective is holistic and focuses on multilingual speakers and their linguistic repertoires, including the interaction between their languages.
Ultraviolet irradiation and the mechanisms underlying its inactivation of infectious agents
Authors: Cutler Timothy D. , Zimmerman Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2011

We review the principles of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the inactivation of infectious agents by UV, and current applications for the control of microorganisms. In particular, wavelengths between 200 and 280 nm (germicidal UV) affect the double-bond stability of adjacent carbon atoms in molecules including pyrimidines, purines and flavin. Thus, UV inactivation of microorganisms results from the formation of dimers in RNA (uracil and cytosine) and DNA (thymine and cytosine). The classic application of UV irradiation is the inactivation of microorganisms in biological safety cabinets. In the food-processing industry, germicidal UV irradiation has shown potential for the surface disinfection of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. UV treatment of water (potable and wastewater) is increasingly common because the process is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, overdose is not possible, chemical residues or by-products are avoided, and water quality is unaffected. UV has been used to reduce the concentration of airborne microorganisms in limited studies, but the technology will require further development if it is to gain wider application. For bioaerosols, the primary technical challenge is delivery of sufficient UV irradiation to large volumes of air, but the absence of UV inactivation constants for airborne pathogens under a range of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) further compounds the problem.
Deployment of either a whole or dissected wild nuclear genome into the wheat gene pool meets the breeding challenges posed by the sustainable farming systems
Authors: De Pace Ciro , Pasquini Marina , Vaccino Patrizia , Bizzarri Marco , Nocente Francesca , Corbellini Maria , Eugenia Caceres Maria , Cionini Pier Giorgio , Vittori Doriano , Vida Gyula
Published: June 2011

Deploying whole and dissected nuclear genome of wild Triticeae species in the homoeologous wheat genetic background through inter-specific hybridization and introgression is a lower cost and effective option to prepare wheat germplasm with unexploited genes for disease resistance and enhanced grain yield and quality traits. The whole nuclear genomes of Dasypyrum villosum (Dv) and T. turgidum var durum have been combined, and an homoploid derivative of the original amphiploid displayed typical ‘farro’ spike morphology, tough rachis and the adaptive traits of Dv such as high resistance to diseases (caused by Tilletia tritici, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia triticina and P. graminis f. sp. tritici), heading earliness and fortified caryopses (high protein and micronutrient contents). The dissection of the Dv genome by either ‘Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring (CS) × hexaploid amphiploid’ or ‘(CS × Dv) × CS’ hybridization and backcrossing provided wheat introgression breeding lines (IBLs) expressing one or more of the Dv adaptive traits. Molecular analyses revealed that either cryptic or Genomic In-situ Hybridization (GISH) detectable Dv chromatin introgression occurred in those IBLs. The IBLs, after 2 years of low-input field tests and genetic analyses in Italy and Hungary, showed simple inheritance, dominance and stability of the adaptive and disease resistance traits.
RF-MEMS switches with AlN dielectric and their applications
Authors: Fernández-Bolaños Badía Montserrat , Nicole Pierre , Ionescu Adrian Mihai
Published: June 2011

This paper reports on the potential of RF-MEMS technology based on aluminum nitride capacitive dielectric and nickel-suspended membranes to provide RF circuit functions in reconfigurable front-end radios. The RF performance of capacitive switches, distributed MEMS transmission lines (DMTLs) phase shifters for beam steering and tunable filters, including center frequency and bandwidth tuning of bandpass and band-stop filters are presented. Detailed characterization based on S-parameter data demonstrates very promising figures of merit of all fabricated demonstrators from 5 to 40 GHz.
The auto-correlator for the soft X-ray FEL FLASH at DESY
Authors: Noll T. , Mitzner R.
Published: June 2011

A new auto-correlator has been developed, built and implemented. It contains eight mirrors on an optical bench, which are independent, adjustable in the nrad and nm range. A parallelogram-based delay stage moves two of the mirrors over ±15 mm with 30 nm resolution and without random parasitic motions. The paper presents the new ideas applied in the design of this device.
Variable line spacing plane grating monochromator for first LNLS undulator beamline
Authors: Rodrigues F. , Neuenschwander R. T. , Ribeiro L. F. , Rocha M. , da Silva T. J. , dos Santos J. E. , Seraphim R. M.
Published: June 2011

In early 2007 an elliptically polarized Apple II undulator was installed on an LNLS storage ring. It will provide photons to the first PGM beamline at LNLS designed to deliver photons ranging from 100 to 1000 eV with a resolving power of over 10 000. The beamline is about to start the commissioning process and this paper describes mainly the monochromator design and construction.
The Role of Morality in Emotional Reactions to and Enjoyment of Media Entertainment
Authors: Raney Arthur A.
Published: June 2011

This article examines the complex role that morality plays in emotional reactions to media entertainment. Morality no doubt influences and to a certain extent governs our emotional responses to media, with the stories we chose to consume, the characters we love and hate, the rationale behind those feelings, the emotions that we experience on their behalf, and the pleasure and meaning comes as a result. Specifically, as media consumers, we experience emotional reactions to characters (liking), to their plights (anticipatory emotions), and to their ultimate outcomes (enjoyment and appreciation). Each of these emotional reactions are regulated by morality: character liking by moral judgments about the behaviors and motivations of characters, anticipatory emotions by sense of expected justice restoration, and enjoyment by the moral evaluation of the actual outcome portrayed in relation to the expected outcome. These processes and relationships are discussed in light of recent work on moral intuition, moral emotions, and moral disengagement.
Not So Moral Moral Responses to Media Entertainment?
Authors: Hartmann Tilo
Published: June 2011

The present contribution comments Art Raney’s article on the role of morality in emotional reactions to media entertainment. It dwells on Raney’s distinction between pleasure-based versus appreciation-based media entertainment. On a normative level, Raney seems to favor appreciation-based media entertainment over pleasure-based entertainment, because he presumes the latter one to result from more automatic, archaic and, overall, less desirable moral activity among users. Recalling and extending Raney’s arguments, the present article discuss the ambivalence of seemingly moral judgments of characters, the potential selfishness of users’ concern for the fate of the protagonist, and potential biases in the appraisals of justice restoration. However, the present article wrestles with Raney’s arguments underlying his critical evaluation of pleasure-based entertainment. While agreeing to most of his arguments about the moral mechanisms underlying pleasure-based entertainment, it departs from his normative position. The present article argues that pleasure-based entertainment may fulfill a psychologically functional role: it may allow people to effectively recreate and to restore exhausted resources.
Media Psychology and Complex Modes of Entertainment Experiences
Authors: Klimmt Christoph
Published: June 2011

This comment briefly examines the history of entertainment research in media psychology and welcomes the conceptual innovations in the contribution by Oliver and Bartsch (this issue). Theoretical perspectives for improving and expanding the “appreciation” concept in entertainment psychology are outlined. These refer to more systematic links of appreciation to the psychology of mixed emotions, to positive psychology, and to the psychology of death and dying – in particular, to terror management theory. In addition, methodological challenges are discussed that entertainment research faces when appreciation and the experience of “meaning for life” need to be addressed in empirical studies of media enjoyment.
What’s Next?
Authors: Vorderer Peter
Published: June 2011

This paper points to new developments in the context of entertainment theory. Starting from a background of well-established theories that have been proposed and elaborated mainly by Zillmann and his collaborators since the 1980s, a new two-factor model of entertainment is introduced. This model encompasses “enjoyment” and “appreciation” as two independent factors. In addition, several open questions regarding cultural differences in humans’ responses to entertainment products or the usefulness of various theoretical concepts like “presence,” “identification,” or “transportation” are also discussed. Finally, the question of why media users are seeking entertainment is brought to the forefront, and a possibly relevant need such as the “search for meaningfulness” is mentioned as a possible major candidate for such an explanation.
Ionizing shocks in argon. Part I: Collisional-radiative model and steady-state structure
Authors: Kapper M. G. , Cambier J.-L.
Published: June 2011

A detailed collisional-radiative model is developed and coupled with a single-fluid, two-temperature convection model for the transport of shock-heated argon. The model is used in a systematic approach to examine the effects of the collision cross sections on the shock structure, including the relaxation layer and subsequent radiative-cooling regime. We present a comparison with previous experimental results obtained at the University of Toronto’s Institute of Aerospace Studies and the Australian National University, which serve as benchmarks to the model. It is shown here that ionization proceeds via the ladder-climbing mechanism, in which the upper levels play a dominant role as compared to the metastable states. Taking this into account, the present model is able to accurately reproduce the metastable populations in the relaxation zone measured in previous experiments, which is not possible with a two-step model. Our numerical results of the radiative-cooling region are in close agreement with experiments and have been obtained without having to consider radiative transport. In particular, it found that spontaneous emission involving the upper levels together with Bremsstrahlung emission account for nearly all radiative losses; all other significant radiative processes, resulting in transitions into the ground-state, are mostly self-absorbed and have a lesser impact. The effects of electron heat conduction are also considered and shown to have a large impact on the electron-priming region immediately behind the shock front; however, the overall effect on the induction length, i.e., the distance between the shock front and the electron avalanche, is small.
Room temperature device performance of electrodeposited InSb nanowire field effect transistors
Authors: Das Suprem R. , Delker Collin J. , Zakharov Dmitri , Chen Yong P. , Sands Timothy D. , Janes David B.
Published: June 2011

InSb nanowires have been formed by electrodeposition in porous anodic alumina templates and employed as transistor channels. The 100 nm diameter nanowires had a zinc blende crystal structure. Single-nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs) with a channel length of 500 nm exhibited on-currents of ∼40 μA, on/off ratios of ∼16–20, drain conductances of ∼71 μS and field-effect electron mobility of ∼1200 cm2 V−1 s−1. Compared with reported NW-FETs, the on-current is large and the current saturation occurs at low source-drain voltages. These characteristics can be understood in terms of velocity saturation effects with enhanced scattering.
Analytical solution on Magnus wind turbine power performance based on the blade element momentum theory
Authors: Luo Dahai , Huang Diangui , Wu Guoqing
Published: June 2011

Instead of using conventional horizontal axis wind turbine blades, a Magnus wind turbine is equipped with rotating cylinders, which rotate around their own axes according to the principle of the Magnus effect. Based on the blade element momentum (or BEM) theory, an analytical analysis of the Magnus wind turbine power performance is conducted and its expression of power coefficient has been derived in this paper. The analytical solution has shown that there is a close relationship between the power coefficient of Magnus wind turbine and its physical parameters such as the tip rotor solidity, the tip speed ratio of Magnus turbine, and the relative speed of the cylinders rotation. In addition, a numerical BEM computation for the power coefficient of Magnus wind turbine is also performed using experimental lift and drag coefficients of a rotating cylinder obtained in the previous literature in order to validate the analytical solution. As a result, the aerodynamic characteristics of Magnus wind turbine observed in this study will be of some guiding significance for the initial research and preliminary design of Magnus wind turbines.
Coupled shear and shuffle modes during twin growth in B2-NiTi
Authors: Ezaz T. , Sehitoglu H.
Published: June 2011

Deformation twinning of B2 austenitic phase in NiTi has not been understood despite its significance. A number of experimental observations have been made, but these alone cannot explain the complex shears and shuffles that produce the twin. We propose that twinning can occur via (2¯11)[1¯1¯1¯] shear and the proposed shuffle differs from previous work and is parallel to the twinning shear. We established a twin energy barrier which is lower compared the previously proposed twinning modes, and has a magnitude of 79 mJ/m2. Hydrostatic pressure is found to alter this energy barrier and the coupling of shear and shuffle mechanism.
Effect of n-GaN thickness on internal quantum efficiency in InxGa1-xN multiple-quantum-well light emitting diodes grown on Si (111) substrate
Authors: Lu L. , Zhu Y. H. , Chen Z. T. , Egawa T.
Published: June 2011

The mechanism of the effect of n-GaN thickness on the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in InxGa1-xN multiple-quantum-wells (MQWs) grown on GaN/Si by means of metal organic chemical vapor deposition has been investigated by x-ray diffractometry, photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the increasing n-GaN thickness obviously improves the IQE in InxGa1-xN MQWs. It is clarified that the threading dislocation density (TDD) directly determines the V-defect density and the V-defect density is lower than the TDD. As the n-GaN thickness increases from 1.0 to 2.0 μm, the TDD significantly decreases by one order of magnitude. The V-defect density obviously reduces from 3.9 × 109 cm−2 to 8.7 × 108 cm−2, while the IQE in InxGa1-xN MQWs is improved from 28.3 to 44.6%. As the GaN thickness increases, the V-defect density in the InxGa1-xN MQW decreases due to the reduction of TDD in GaN, and subsequently the nonradiative recombination centers are effectively eliminated due to the reduction of the V-defect density in the InxGa1-xN MQWs.
Band gap bowing in quaternary nitride semiconducting alloys
Authors: Gorczyca I. , Suski T. , Christensen N. E. , Svane A.
Published: June 2011

Structural properties of InxGayAl1−x−yN alloys are derived from total-energy minimization within the local-density approximation (LDA). The electronic properties are studied by band structure calculations including a semiempirical correction for the “LDA gap error.” The effects of varying the composition and atomic arrangements are examined using a supercell geometry. An analytical expression for the band gap is derived for the entire range of compositions. The range of (x, y) values for which InxGayAl1−x−yN is lattice matched to GaN, and the ensuing energy gaps, are given. This range of available gaps becomes smaller when In atoms form clusters. Comparison to experimental data is made.