bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is rituximab an effective treatment of refractory calcinosis?
Authors: Dubos Maria , Ly Kim , Martel Clothilde , Fauchais Anne Laure
Published: May 2016

Calcinosis, the deposition of calcified material in soft tissues, is frequently seen in systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis. Treatment options are limited, with disappointing results. Some recent case reports suggest that rituximab may be an attractive therapeutic option. In case 1, a 54-year-old woman who presented with rheumatoid arthritis in association with scleromyositis was treated with rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this, she developed multiple progressive calcinosis, necessitating extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to limit calcinosis extension and pain. In case 2, a 38-year-old man, previously treated for an anti-Pm/Scl-positive polymyositis/scleroderma overlap syndrome, presented with multiple tumoural periarticular calcinosis, which progressed despite bisphosphonates, sodium thiosulfate and thalidomide. We decided to start rituximab. Progression of calcinosis was still evident 6 and 12 months after anti-CD20 treatment. Many treatments have been tried to treat calcinosis without demonstrated effectiveness. Presently, rituximab cannot be recommended for this indication in the absence of successful controlled trials.
Late presented case of distal humerus epiphyseal separation in a newborn
Authors: Mane Prajwal Prabhudev , Challawar Nikhil Subhash , Shah Hitesh
Published: May 2016

The incidence of traumatic bone injuries occurring during birth is rare (1 per 1000 live births). Of all long bone fractures, the humerus is one of the commonest bones to be involved. However, distal humeral epiphyseal separation is rare and has seldom been written up in case reports and small case series. It warrants some critical assessment and appropriate attention. This injury is sometimes missed as it is difficult to diagnose at initial presentation. It may be mistaken for dislocation of the elbow, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis or brachial plexus injury, owing to lack of movement of the upper limb. Knowledge of its clinical and radiological findings will enable the treating physician to diagnose it at the appropriate time. Masterful observation is adequate treatment for this condition, and leads to a better clinical and radiological outcome. Timely diagnosis with an optimistic prognosis will prevent unnecessary parental apprehension.
Cascading failures coupled model of interdependent double layered public transit network
Authors: Zhang Lin , Fu Bai-Bai , Li Shu-Bin
Published: May 2016

Taking urban public transit network as research perspective, this work introduces the influences of adjacent stations on definition of station initial load, the connected edge transit capacity, and the coupled capacity to modify traditional load-capacity cascading failures (CFs) model. Furthermore, we consider the coupled effect of lower layered public transit network on the CFs of upper layered public transit network, and construct CFs coupled model of double layered public transit network with “interdependent relationship”. Finally, taking Jinan city’s public transit network as example, we give the dynamics simulation analysis of CFs under different control parameters based on measurement indicator of station cascading failures ratio (abbreviated as CF) and the scale of time-step cascading failures (abbreviated as [Formula: see text]), get the influencing characteristics of various control parameters, and verify the feasibility of CFs coupled model of double layered public transit network.
Adsorption properties of boroxol ring doped zigzag boron nitride nanotube toward NO molecule using DFT
Authors: Zahedi Ehsan , Babaie Mahsa , Bahmanpour Hooman
Published: May 2016

In previous researches it is demonstrated that reactivity and sensitivity of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) toward gas molecules can be modified by impurity. In this work, oxygen defect for three nitrogen sites was used to study the adsorption of NO molecule through the surface of boroxol ring of oxygen doped BNNT (7,0) with different adsorption patterns, including side-on and end-on. All calculations are performed using the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G[Formula: see text] level of theory, and their electronic energies are corrected by gCP and D3 correction terms. High binding energies indicate that NO molecule undergoes chemical adsorption with large charge transfer from the tube which can significantly change electronic properties of the tube. Density of state (DOS) and partial DOS (PDOS) analyses revealed that adsorption of NO molecule on the boroxol ring position is covalent in nature with significant effect on the electronic properties of tube. The Laplacian of electron density, Lagrangian kinetic energy density, Hamiltonian kinetic energy density and potential energy density at bond critical points between the tube and NO indicate that the interaction between the tube and NO molecule is covalent in nature. Topological analysis of the electron localization function shows that electrons in the new formed bonds are approximately localized, meaning that the nature of adsorption process is chemical covalent. The studied nanotube is a suitable candidate to filter and eliminate NO gas molecule.
Localization Method of Compact Invariant Sets with Application to the Chua System
Authors: Gribov A. F. , Kanatnikov A. N. , Krishchenko A. P.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we consider the problem of compact invariant sets localization for the Chua system. To obtain our results we develop and apply a localization method. This method allows us to find two types of subsets in the phase space of a nonlinear system. The first type consists of Poincaré sections having a nonempty intersection with any compact invariant set of the system. The second type consists of localizing sets containing all compact invariant sets of the system. The considered localization method produces systems of inequalities describing the localizing sets and specifies the equations of the appropriate global sections. These inequalities and equations depend on parameters of the system and, therefore, the obtained localization results can be used in the bifurcation analysis. We find one-parametric families of both compact global sections and nontrivial localizing sets for the Chua system. These localizing sets are compact or unbounded. The intersection of unbounded localizing sets in some cases is a compact localizing set. We indicate the domains where trajectories of the Chua system go to infinity.
Analysis of Fast-Scale Bifurcation in Peak Current Controlled Buck-Boost Inverter Based on Unified Averaged Model
Authors: Zhang Hao , Dong Shuai , Guan Weimin , Liu Ye
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a unified averaged modeling method is proposed to investigate the fast-scale period-doubling bifurcation of a full-bridge integrated buck-boost inverter with peak current control. In order to increase the resolution of the conventional classic averaged model to half the switching frequency, sample-and-hold effect of inductor current is absorbed into the averaged model, i.e. the proposed unified averaged model can capture the high-frequency dynamical characteristics of the buck-boost inverter, which is both an extension and a modification of conventional averaged model. Based on the unified mode, fast-scale bifurcation is identified, and the corresponding bifurcation point is predicted with the help of the locus movement of all the poles, and their underlying mechanisms are revealed. Detailed analysis shows that the occurrence of high-frequency oscillation means fast-scale bifurcation, while the occurrence of low-frequency oscillation leads to slow-scale bifurcation. Finally, it is demonstrated that the unified averaged model can provide not only a general method to investigate both the slow- and fast-scale bifurcations in a unified framework but also a quite straightforward design-oriented method which can be directly applicable.
Generation Mechanism of Alternans in Luo–Rudy Model
Authors: Kitajima Hiroyuki , Ioka Eri , Yazawa Toru
Published: May 2016

Electrical alternans is the alternating amplitude from beat to beat in the action potential of the cardiac cell. It has been associated with ventricular arrhythmias in many clinical studies; however, its dynamical mechanisms remain unknown. The reason is that we do not have realistic network models of the heart system. Recently, Yazawa clarified the network structure of the heart and the central nerve system in the crustacean heart. In this study, we construct a simple model of the heart system based on Yazawa’s experimental data. Using this model, we clarify that two parameters (the conductance of sodium ions and free concentration of potassium ions in the extracellular compartment) play the key roles of generating alternans. In particular, we clarify that the inactivation gate of the time-independent potassium channel is the most important parameter. Moreover, interaction between the membrane potential and potassium ionic currents is significant for generating alternate rhythms. This result indicates that if the muscle cell has problems such as channelopathies, there is great risk of generating alternans.
Nonlinear Breathing Vibrations and Chaos of a Circular Truss Antenna with 1:2 Internal Resonance
Authors: Zhang W. , Chen J. , Sun Y.
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the nonlinear breathing vibrations and chaos of a circular truss antenna under changing thermal environment with 1:2 internal resonance for the first time. A continuum circular cylindrical shell clamped by one beam along its axial direction on one side is proposed to replace the circular truss antenna composed of the repetitive beam-like lattice by the principle of equivalent effect. The effective stiffness coefficients of the equivalent circular cylindrical shell are obtained. Based on the first-order shear deformation shell theory and the Hamilton’s principle, the nonlinear governing equations of motion are derived for the equivalent circular cylindrical shell. The Galerkin approach is utilized to discretize the nonlinear partial governing differential equation of motion to the ordinary differential equation for the equivalent circular cylindrical shell. The case of the 1:2 internal resonance, primary parametric resonance and 1/2 subharmonic resonance is taken into account. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain the four-dimensional averaged equation. The frequency-response curves and force-response curves are obtained when considering the strongly coupled of two modes. The numerical results indicate that there are the hardening type and softening type nonlinearities for the circular truss antenna. Numerical simulation is used to investigate the influences of the thermal excitation on the nonlinear breathing vibrations of the circular truss antenna. It is demonstrated from the numerical results that there exist the bifurcation and chaotic motions of the circular truss antenna.
Hard-Spring Bistability and Effect of System Parameters in a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Vibration System with Damping Modeled by a Fractional Derivative
Authors: Guo Zhongjin , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2016

The harmonic balance coupled with the continuation algorithm is a well-known technique to follow the periodic response of dynamical system when a control parameter is varied. However, deriving the algebraic system containing the Fourier coefficients can be a highly cumbersome procedure, therefore this paper introduces polynomial homotopy continuation technique to investigate the steady state bifurcation of a two-degree-of-freedom system including quadratic and cubic nonlinearities subjected to external and parametric excitation forces under a nonlinear absorber. The fractional derivative damping is considered to examine the effects of different fractional order, linear and nonlinear damping coefficients on the steady response. By means of polynomial homotopy continuation, all the possible steady state solutions are derived analytically, i.e. without numerical integration. Coexisting periodic solutions, saddle-node bifurcation and various effects of fractional damping on the steady state response are found and investigated. It is shown that the fractional derivative order and damping coefficient change the bifurcating curves qualitatively and eliminate the saddle-node bifurcation during resonance. Moreover, the system response depicts bigger and bigger region of hard-spring bistability with increasing fractional derivative order, but the region of hard-spring bistability of steady response becomes gradually small and then disappears when we increase the linear and nonlinear damping coefficients. In addition, the analytical results are verified by comparison with the numerical integration ones, it can be found that the present approximate resonance responses are in good agreement with numerical ones.
Bifurcation Analysis of a Power System Model with Three Machines and Four Buses
Authors: Chang Yu , Wang Xiaoli , Xu Dashun
Published: May 2016

The bifurcation phenomena in a power system with three machines and four buses are investigated by applying bifurcation theory and harmonic balance method. The existence of saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation is analyzed in time domain and in frequency domain, respectively. The approach of the fourth-order harmonic balance is then applied to derive the approximate expressions of periodic solutions bifurcated from Hopf bifurcations and predict their frequencies and amplitudes. Since the approach is valid only in some neighborhood of a bifurcation point, numerical simulations and the software Auto2007 are utilized to verify the predictions and further study bifurcations of these periodic solutions. It is shown that the power system may have various types of bifurcations, including period-doubling bifurcation, torus bifurcation, cyclic fold bifurcation, and complex dynamical behaviors, including quasi-periodic oscillations and chaotic behavior. These findings help to better understand the dynamics of the power system and may provide insight into the instability of power systems.
Hidden Degeneracies in Piecewise Smooth Dynamical Systems
Authors: Jeffrey Mike R.
Published: May 2016

When a flow suffers a discontinuity in its vector field at some switching surface, the flow can cross through or slide along the surface. Sliding along the switching surface can be understood as the flow along an invariant manifold inside a switching layer. It turns out that the usual method for finding sliding modes — the Filippov convex combination or Utkin equivalent control — results in a degeneracy in the switching layer whenever the flow is tangent to the switching surface from both sides. We derive the general result and analyze the simplest case here, where the flow curves parabolically on either side of the switching surface (the so-called fold–fold or two-fold singularities). The result is a set of zeros of the fast switching flow inside the layer, which is structurally unstable to perturbation by terms nonlinear in the switching parameter, terms such as [Formula: see text] [where the superscript does mean “squared”]. We provide structurally stable forms, and show that in this form the layer system is equivalent to a generic singularity of a two timescale system. Finally we show that the same degeneracy arises when a discontinuity is smoothed using standard regularization methods.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of a Predator–Prey System with an Allee Effect and Holling Type III Functional Response
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wang Jinfeng
Published: May 2016

A diffusive Gause type predator–prey system with Allee effect in prey growth and Holling type III response subject to Neumann boundary conditions is investigated. Existence of nonconstant positive steady state solutions is proved by Leray–Schauder degree theory and bifurcation theory. Global stability of the positive equilibrium of the system is also investigated. Moreover, bifurcations of spatially homogeneous and nonhomogeneous periodic solutions are analyzed. Our rigorous results justify some recent ecological observations.
Bifurcation and Spike Adding Transition in Chay–Keizer Model
Authors: Lu Bo , Liu Shenquan , Liu Xuanliang , Jiang Xiaofang , Wang Xiaohui
Published: May 2016

Electrical bursting is an activity which is universal in excitable cells such as neurons and various endocrine cells, and it encodes rich physiological information. As burst delay identifies that the signal integration has reached the threshold at which it can generate an action potential, the number of spikes in a burst may have essential physiological implications, and the transition of bursting in excitable cells is associated with the bifurcation phenomenon closely. In this paper, we focus on the transition of the spike count per burst of the pancreatic [Formula: see text]-cells within a mathematical model and bifurcation phenomenon in the Chay–Keizer model, which is utilized to simulate the pancreatic [Formula: see text]-cells. By the fast–slow dynamical bifurcation analysis and the bi-parameter bifurcation analysis, the local dynamics of the Chay–Keizer system around the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is illustrated. Then the variety of the number of spikes per burst is discussed by changing the settings of a single parameter and bi-parameter. Moreover, results on the number of spikes within a burst are summarized in ISIs (interspike intervals) sequence diagrams, maximum and minimum, and the number of spikes under bi-parameter value changes.
Cosmological isotropic matter–energy generalizations of Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics
Authors: Arik Metin , Senikoglu Yorgo
Published: May 2016

We present a time-dependent isotropic fluid solution around a Schwarzschild black hole. We offer the solutions and discuss the effects on the field equations and the horizon. We derive the energy density, pressure and the equation of state parameter. In the second part, we generalize the rotating black hole solution to an expanding universe. We derive from the proposed metric the special solutions of the field equations for the dust approximation and the dark energy solution. We show that the presence of a rotating black hole does not modify the scale factor [Formula: see text] law for dust, nor [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for dark energy.
Free Vibration of Edge Cracked Functionally Graded Microscale Beams Based on the Modified Couple Stress Theory
Authors: Akbaş Şeref Doğuşcan
Published: May 2016

In this study, the free vibration analysis of edge cracked cantilever microscale beams composed of functionally graded material (FGM) is investigated based on the modified couple stress theory (MCST). The material properties of the beam are assumed to change in the height direction according to the exponential distribution. The cracked beam is modeled as a modification of the classical cracked-beam theory consisting of two sub-beams connected by a massless elastic rotational spring. The inclusion of an additional material parameter enables the new beam model to capture the size effect. The new nonclassical beam model reduces to the classical one when the length scale parameter is zero. The problem considered is investigated using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory by the finite element method. The system of equations of motion is derived by Lagrange’s equations. To verify the accuracy of the present formulation and results, the frequencies obtained are compared with the results available in the literature, for which good agreement is observed. Numerical results are presented to investigate the effect of crack position, beam length, length scale parameter, crack depth, and material distribution on the natural frequencies of the edge cracked FG microbeam. Also, the difference between the classical beam theory (CBT) and MCST is investigated for the vibration characteristics of the beam of concern. It is believed that the results obtained herein serve as a useful reference for research of similar nature.
On the Andreadakis conjecture restricted to the “lower-triangular” automorphism groups of free groups
Authors: Satoh Takao
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we consider a certain subgroup [Formula: see text] of the IA-automorphism group of a free group. We determine the images of the [Formula: see text]th Johnson homomorphism restricted to [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. By using this result, we give an affirmative answer to the Andreadakis conjecture restricted for [Formula: see text]. Namely, we show that the intersection of the Andreadakis–Johnson filtration and [Formula: see text] coincides with the lower central series of [Formula: see text]. In a series of this research, we obtain additional results on the integral (co)homology groups of [Formula: see text]. In particular, we determine the first homology group, and study the cup product of first cohomologies of [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we construct nontrivial second homology classes of [Formula: see text] by observing its generators and relators, and show that the second cohomology group is not generated by cup products of the first cohomology groups.
Modules with epimorphisms on chains of submodules
Authors: Dastanpour R. , Ghorbani A.
Published: May 2016

We say that an [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] satisfies epi-ACC on submodules if in every ascending chain of submodules of [Formula: see text], except probably a finite number, each module in chain is a homomorphic image of the next one. Noetherian modules, semisimple modules and Prüfer [Formula: see text]-groups have this property. Direct sums of modules with epi-ACC on submodules need not have this property. If [Formula: see text] satisfies epi-ACC on submodules, then [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius. As a consequence, a ring [Formula: see text] in which all modules satisfy epi-ACC on submodules is an artinian principal ideal ring. Dually, we say that an [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] satisfies epi-DCC on submodules if in every descending chain of submodules of [Formula: see text], except probably a finite number, each module in chain is a homomorphic image of the preceding. Artinian modules, semisimple modules and free modules over commutative principal ideal domains are examples of such modules. A semiprime right Goldie ring satisfies epi-DCC on right ideals if and only if it is a finite product of full matrix rings over principal right ideal domains. A ring [Formula: see text] for which all modules satisfy epi-DCC on submodules must be an artinian principal ideal ring.
Refinement of Robertson-type uncertainty principles with geometric interpretation
Authors: Lovas Attila , Andai Attila
Published: May 2016

A generalization of the classical covariance for quantum mechanical observables has previously been presented by Gibilisco et al. Gibilisco and Isola has proved that the usual quantum covariance gives the sharpest inequalities for the determinants of covariance matrices. We introduce a new generalization of the classical covariance which gives better inequalities than the classical one, furthermore it has a direct geometric interpretation.
Recent developments of film bulk acoustic resonators
Authors: Gao Junning , Liu Guorong , Li Jie , Li Guoqiang
Published: May 2016

Film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) experienced skyrocketing development in the past 15 years, owing to the explosive development of mobile communication. It stands out in acoustic filters mainly because of high quality factor, which enables low insertion loss and sharp roll off. Except for the massive application in wireless communication, FBARs are also promising sensors because of the high sensitivity and readily integration ability to miniaturize circuits. On the ground of summarizing FBAR’s application in wireless communication as filters and in sensors including electronic nose, bio field, and pressure sensing, this paper review the main challenges of each application faced. The number of filters installed in the mobile phone has being grown explosively, which leads to overcrowded bands and put harsh requirements on component size and power consumption control for each unit. Data flow and rate are becoming increasingly demanding as well. This paper discusses three promising technical strategies addressing these issues. Among which coupled resonator filter is given intense attention because it is able to vigorously reduce the filter size by stacking two or more resonators together, and it is a great technique to increase data flow and rate. Temperature compensation methods are discussed considering their vital influence on frequency stability. Finally, materials improvement and novel materials exploration for band width modulation, tunable band acquisition, and quality factor improvement are discussed. The authors appeal attention of the academic society to bring AlN epitaxial thin film into the FBAR fabrication and have proposed a configuration to implement this idea.
The Effects of Changing Projection Geometry on Perception of 3D Objects on and Around Tabletops
Authors: Nacenta Miguel A. , Hancock Mark , Gutwin Carl , Carpendale Sheelagh
Published: May 2016

Displaying 3D objects on horizontal displays can cause problems in the way that the virtual scene is presented on the 2D surface; inappropriate choices in how 3D is represented can lead to distorted images and incorrect object interpretations. We present four experiments that test 3D perception. We varied projection geometry in three ways: type of projection (perspective/parallel), separation between the observer's point of view and the projection's center (discrepancy), and the presence of motion parallax (with/without parallax). Projection geometry had strong effects different for each task. Reducing discrepancy is desirable for orientation judgments, but not for object recognition or internal angle judgments. Using a fixed center of projection above the table reduces error and improves accuracy in most tasks. The results have far-reaching implications for the design of 3D views on tables, in particular, for multi-user applications where projections that appear correct for one person will not be perceived correctly by another.
Streaming Sorting Networks
Authors: Zuluaga Marcela , Milder Peter , Püschel Markus
Published: May 2016

Sorting is a fundamental problem in computer science and has been studied extensively. Thus, a large variety of sorting methods exist for both software and hardware implementations. For the latter, there is a trade-off between the throughput achieved and the cost (i.e., the logic and storage invested to sort
n
elements). Two popular solutions are bitonic sorting networks with
O
(
n
log
2
n
) logic and storage, which sort
n
elements per cycle, and linear sorters with
O
(
n
) logic and storage, which sort
n
elements per
n
cycles. In this article, we present new hardware structures that we call
streaming sorting networks
, which we derive through a mathematical formalism that we introduce, and an accompanying domain-specific hardware generator that translates our formal mathematical description into synthesizable RTL Verilog. With the new networks, we achieve novel and improved cost-performance trade-offs. For example, assuming that
n
is a two-power and
w
is any divisor of
n
, one class of these networks can sort in
n
/;
w
cycles with
O
(
w
log
2
n
) logic and
O
(
n
log
2
n
) storage; the other class that we present sorts in
n
log
2
n
/;
w
cycles with
O
(
w
) logic and
O
(
n
) storage. We carefully analyze the performance of these networks and their cost at three levels of abstraction: (1) asymptotically, (2) exactly in terms of the number of basic elements needed, and (3) in terms of the resources required by the actual circuit when mapped to a field-programmable gate array. The accompanying hardware generator allows us to explore the entire design space, identify the Pareto-optimal solutions, and show superior cost-performance trade-offs compared to prior work.
Accessible Play in Everyday Spaces
Authors: Seaborn Katie , Edey Jamal , Dolinar Gregory , Whitfield Margot , Gardner Paula , Branje Carmen , Fels Deborah I.
Published: May 2016

The advent of affordable and powerful mobile technology has allowed for explorations in mixed reality that merges virtual and physical space. However, the social and entertainment value and efficacy of mixed reality platforms for adult powered chair users has not been widely explored. In this article, we introduce the
Mobility Games
project, which aims to produce a series of inclusive entertainment technologies and services for people who use powered chairs. We describe our first offering: an accessible, social mixed reality game for co-located mobile play in everyday spaces. Findings from two exploratory field studies and a post hoc observer survey show that adult powered chair users found the game to be entertaining and used a variety of path strategies as they learned to play the game. An initial set of theoretically and empirically informed guidelines for making mobile mixed reality games accessible to adult powered chair users with diverse abilities is proposed.
FORTIS
Authors: Guin Ujjwal , Shi Qihang , Forte Domenic , Tehranipoor Mark M.
Published: May 2016

With the advent of globalization in the semiconductor industry, it is necessary to prevent unauthorized usage of third-party IPs (3PIPs), cloning and unwanted modification of 3PIPs, and unauthorized production of ICs. Due to the increasing complexity of ICs, system-on-chip (SoC) designers use various 3PIPs in their design to reduce time-to-market and development costs, which creates a trust issue between the SoC designer and the IP owners. In addition, as the ICs are fabricated around the globe, the SoC designers give fabrication contracts to offshore foundries to manufacture ICs and have little control over the fabrication process, including the total number of chips fabricated. Similarly, the 3PIP owners lack control over the number of fabricated chips and/or the usage of their IPs in an SoC. Existing research only partially addresses the problems of IP piracy and IC overproduction, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no work that considers IP overuse. In this article, we present a comprehensive solution for preventing IP piracy and IC overproduction by assuring forward trust between all entities involved in the SoC design and fabrication process. We propose a novel design flow to prevent IC overproduction and IP overuse. We use an existing logic encryption technique to obfuscate the netlist of an SoC or a 3PIP and propose a modification to enable manufacturing tests before the activation of chips which is absolutely necessary to prevent overproduction. We have used asymmetric and symmetric key encryption, in a fashion similar to Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), to transfer keys from the SoC designer or 3PIP owners to the chips. In addition, we also propose to attach an IP digest (a cryptographic hash of the entire IP) to the header of an IP to prevent modification of the IP by the SoC designers. We have shown that our approach is resistant to various attacks with the cost of minimal area overhead.
Hardware Trojans
Authors: Xiao K. , Forte D. , Jin Y. , Karri R. , Bhunia S. , Tehranipoor M.
Published: May 2016

Given the increasing complexity of modern electronics and the cost of fabrication, entities from around the globe have become more heavily involved in all phases of the electronics supply chain. In this environment, hardware Trojans (i.e., malicious modifications or inclusions made by untrusted third parties) pose major security concerns, especially for those integrated circuits (ICs) and systems used in critical applications and cyber infrastructure. While hardware Trojans have been explored significantly in academia over the last decade, there remains room for improvement. In this article, we examine the research on hardware Trojans from the last decade and attempt to capture the lessons learned. A comprehensive adversarial model taxonomy is introduced and used to examine the current state of the art. Then the past countermeasures and publication trends are categorized based on the adversarial model and topic. Through this analysis, we identify what has been covered and the important problems that are underinvestigated. We also identify the most critical lessons for those new to the field and suggest a roadmap for future hardware Trojan research.
The Single-Knot Running Vesicourethral Anastomosis after Minimally Invasive Prostatectomy: Review of the Technique and Its Modifications, Tips, and Pitfalls
Authors: Albisinni Simone , Aoun Fouad , Peltier Alexandre , van Velthoven Roland
Published: May 2016

The vesicourethral anastomosis represents a step of major difficulty at the end of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy. Over 10 years ago, we have devised the single-knot running vesicourethral anastomosis, which has been widely adopted in urologic departments worldwide. Aim of the current paper is to review the technique, its adaptability in complex situations, its complications, and possible modifications, including the use of barbed sutures.
A Topology Controlling Scheme Based on Guard Region in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Kang Lin , You Jingwen , Song Mei
Published: May 2016

In dense wireless sensor network, we usually remove the unnecessary communication links by topology control in order to get an energy efficient routing. The channel environment becomes more complex, which results in difficulty to control topology under a mass node distribution according to the accurate interference model. This paper introduces the concept of a guard region, defined as the region around each receiver where interfering transmissions are inhibited to make the topology control. Based on the hard-core process in stochastic geometry, the scheduling of interfering node in guard region and the density of active sensors are achieved theoretically. Then we do the analysis of coverage of receiver; the interference around receiver is computed as main interference in guard region and secondary interference outside guard region. Finally, through Monte-Carlo simulation, the topology model based on guard region is proved to be correct and the influences on coverage under different parameters are analyzed.
Combinational Effect of Cell Adhesion Biomolecules and Their Immobilized Polymer Property to Enhance Cell-Selective Adhesion
Authors: Kurimoto Rio , Kanie Kei , Idota Naokazu , Hara Mitsuo , Nagano Shusaku , Tsukahara Takehiko , Narita Yuji , Honda Hiroyuki , Naito Masanobu , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Kato Ryuji
Published: May 2016

Although surface immobilization of medical devices with bioactive molecules is one of the most widely used strategies to improve biocompatibility, the physicochemical properties of the biomaterials significantly impact the activity of the immobilized molecules. Herein we investigate the combinational effects of cell-selective biomolecules and the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the polymeric substrate on selective adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts (FBs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To control the polymeric substrate, biomolecules are immobilized on thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-carboxyisopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAAm-co-CIPAAm))-grafted glass surfaces. By switching the molecular conformation of the biomolecule-immobilized polymers, the cell-selective adhesion performances are evaluated. In case of RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) peptide-immobilized surfaces, all cell types adhere well regardless of the surface hydrophobicity. On the other hand, a tri-Arg-immobilized surface exhibits FB-selectivity when the surface is hydrophilic. Additionally, a tri-Ile-immobilized surface exhibits EC-selective cell adhesion when the surface is hydrophobic. We believe that the proposed concept, which is used to investigate the biomolecule-immobilized surface combination, is important to produce new biomaterials, which are highly demanded for medical implants and tissue engineering.
More of Dedekind: His Series Test in Normed Spaces
Authors: Kantrowitz Robert , Neumann Michael M.
Published: May 2016

Dedekind’s test for infinite series has a canonical interpretation in the context of normed spaces. It is shown that his test holds in a normed space precisely when the space is complete.
Clinical Distinctness of Allergic Rhinitis in Patients with Allergy to Molds
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Krzysztof , Bozek Andrzej
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Molds are a very diverse group of allergens. Exposure and sensitization to fungal allergens can promote the development and worsening of allergic rhinitis (AR).Objective. The natural course of allergic rhinitis was compared between a group of patients with allergy to molds and patients with AR to other allergens as the control groups.Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 229 patients, with a mean age of27.4±6.5 yrs. The study group was compared to groups of AR patients with allergy to house dust mites or pollens or with multivalent allergy. Allergic sensitization was assessed using the skin prick test (SPT) with a panel of 15 allergens to molds and other common inhalant allergens. Specific IgEs against all tested allergens were measured. Nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level was assessed with a chemiluminescence analyzer (NIOX MINO) and compared between groups. Cluster analysis was performed for determine models of AR in whole population.Results. Patients with allergy to mold have had AR with a higher blockage of nose than in the patients with other allergies.Alternaria alternata(59% of examined),Cladosporium herbarum(40%), andAspergillus fumigatus(36%) were the predominant allergens in the study group. Patients with allergy to mold were more often present in two clusters: there were patients with more frequent accompanying asthma and high level of FeNO.Conclusion. Patients with allergy to molds have a significantly greater predisposition for bronchial asthma and high concentration of FeNO.
Availability Equivalence Analysis of a Repairable Multistate Parallel-Series System with Different Performance Rates
Authors: Hu Linmin , Yue Dequan , Tian Ruiling
Published: May 2016

This paper extends the concept of availability equivalence from general binary system to discrete multistate system with different performance rates. It considers a repairable discrete multistate parallel-series system with different performance rates. The system availability is defined as the ability of the system to satisfy consumer demand. The universal generating function technique is adopted to derive the availability of both original and improved systems according to factor method and standby redundancy method. Two types of availability equivalence factors of the system are analyzed. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the theoretical results obtained in this paper.
A Metric Observer for Induction Motors Control
Authors: Benbouzid Mohamed , Benchaib Abdelkrim , Yao Gang , Beltran Brice , Chocron Olivier
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with metric observer application for induction motors. Firstly, assuming that stator currents and speed are measured, a metric observer is designed to estimate the rotor fluxes. Secondly, assuming that only stator currents are measured, another metric observer is derived to estimate rotor fluxes and speed. The proposed observer validity is checked throughout simulations on a 4 kW induction motor drive.
The Exponential Stability Result of an Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equation with Interior Delays and Boundary Damping
Authors: Han Peng-cheng , Li Yan-fang , Xu Gen-qi , Liu Dan-hong
Published: May 2016

We study the exponential stability of Euler-Bernoulli beam with interior time delays and boundary damping. At first, we prove the well-posedness of the system by the C0 semigroup theory. Next we study the exponential stability of the system by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals. We transform the exponential stability issue into the solvability of inequality equations. By analyzing the relationship between delays parameters α and damping parameters β, we describe (β,α)-region for which the system is exponentially stable. Furthermore, we obtain an estimation of the decay rate λ⁎.
Mesoscale Spatial Variability of Linear Trend of Precipitation Statistics in Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lee Jaehyeon , Ahn Jaehyun , Choi Eunsoo , Kim Dongkyun
Published: May 2016

This study analyzed the spatial variability of the linear trend of the precipitation mean, variance, lag-1 autocorrelation coefficient, and probability of dryness (PD) based on the precipitation data between 1981 and 2015 observed at 65 rain gages located across Korean Peninsula. While the result of the Mann-Kendall test based on the yearly statistics showed no temporal trend at most of the gage locations, the same test based on the 20-yearly statistics showed that statistically significant temporal trend exists at 54% (mean), 60% (variance), 61% (autocorrelation), and 61% (PD) among the total 65 rain gages. In addition, this study produced the map of the linear trend of the precipitation statistics. The map showed a clear regional and seasonal tendency implying that the impact of the climate change varies significantly within Korea. The variogram analysis revealed that the approximate characteristic scale of linear trend of hourly and daily precipitation statistics ranges between 50 km and 200 km and between 100 km and 250 km, respectively. This characteristic scale is significantly smaller than the spatial scale of atmospheric circulation, which suggests that future water resources management plans of Korea should consider this mesoscale variability that otherwise can be missed if it is based only on the GCM simulation results.
Association of Renal Resistive Index, Renal Pulsatility Index, Systemic Hypertension, and Albuminuria with Survival in Dogs with Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Chen Hung-Yin , Lien Yu-Hsin , Huang Hui-Pi
Published: May 2016

An increased renal resistive index (RI) and albuminuria are markers of target organ damage secondary to systemic hypertension. This study evaluated associations between systemic blood pressure (SBP), renal RI, pulsatility index (PI), and albuminuria in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Predictors of overall mortality were investigated. Twenty client-owned dogs with PDH and 20 clinically healthy client-owned dogs as matched controls were included. Incidence rates of systemic hypertension (SBP ≥ 160 mmHg), albuminuria, and increased renal RI (≥ 0.70) and PI (≥ 1.45) in the control group were 5%, 0%, 5%, and 0%, respectively, compared to 35%, 40%, 50%, and 35%, respectively, in the PDH group (P=0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001, andP=0.001, resp.). No association between systemic hypertension, renal RI, renal PI, and albuminuria was observed. PDH was the only predictor of albuminuria and increased renal RI. Survival was not affected by increased renal PI, systemic hypertension, or albuminuria. Increased renal RI (≥ 0.70) was the only predictor of overall mortality in dogs with PDH.
Recurrent Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in the Mandible
Authors: Alves Nilton , de Oliveira Reinaldo José , Takehana Denise , Deana Naira Figueiredo
Published: May 2016

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a condition in which normal bone marrow is replaced by an abnormal proliferation of new fibrous connective tissue. Female patient, white, 20 years old, attended the dental clinic reporting a slow increase in volume in the right mandible region over the last 5 years. She was examined by imaging: the panoramic X-ray revealed a lesion with the appearance of ground glass while the cone-beam computed tomography showed an extensive lesion in the region of the right hemimandible. The histopathological examination was compatible with fibrous dysplasia. Bone gammagraphy was indicated, plus an endocrinological study to eliminate polyostotic forms, which produced a negative result. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the right hemimandible was diagnosed. Conservative surgery was carried out and after 1 year recurrence of the tumour was observed. We may conclude that conservative surgery might not be the best choice for treatment for monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the mandible and that other options must be considered, such as radical surgery or the use of bisphosphonates. In our study, we may also conclude that it is very important to explain to the patient the possibility of recurrence of the lesion and the need for monitoring with periodic imaging studies.
X-Ray Pulsar Profile Recovery Based on Tracking-Differentiator
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Zheng Wei , Wang Yidi , Zhang Lu
Published: May 2016

The profile recovery is an important work in X-ray pulsar-based navigation. It is a key step for the analysis on the pulsar signal’s characteristic and the computing of time of arrival (TOA). This paper makes an argument for an algorithm based on the tracking-differentiator (TD) to recover the profile from the low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) signals. In the method, a TD filter with cascade structure is designed which has very low phase delay and amplitude distortion. In the simulation experiment, two typical pulsars (PSR B0531+21 and PSR B1937+21) are used to verify the algorithm’s performance. The simulation results show that the method satisfies the application requirements in the aspects of SNR and profile fidelity. By processing the data collected by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite in space, similar results can also be achieved.
Study on Soil Mobility of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Authors: Mörtl Mária , Kereki Orsolya , Darvas Béla , Klátyik Szandra , Vehovszky Ágnes , Győri János , Székács András
Published: May 2016

Movement of two neonicotinoid insecticide active ingredients, clothianidin (CLO) and thiamethoxam (TMX), was investigated in different soil types (sand, clay, or loam) and in pumice. Elution profiles were determined to explore differences in binding capacity. Soil characterized by high organic matter content retained the ingredients, whereas high clay content resulted in long release of compounds. Decrease in concentration was strongly influenced by soil types: both CLO and TMX were retained in loam and clay soils and showed ready elution through sandy soil and pumice. Elution capability of the active ingredients in sandy soil correlated with their water solubility, indicating approximately 30% higher rapidity for TMX than for CLO. Soil organic carbon-water partitioning coefficients (Koc) determined were in good agreement with literature values with somewhat lower value for CLO in sandy soil and substantially higher values for TMX in clay soil. High mobility of these neonicotinoid active ingredients in given soil types urges stronger precautionary approach taken during their application.
The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Authors: Xiong Xi , Yan Ping , Gao Chunyan , Sun Qiulei , Xu Fenglian
Published: May 2016

Objective. To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).Methods. Clinical data from 92 patients with lower uterine segment pregnancy, who underwent conventional ultrasound and CEUS examination in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, were collected by Xinqiao Hospital Third Military Medical University from March 2014 to March 2015. The parameters of ultrasound contrast time-intensity curve (TIC), including arrival time, time to peak, time from peak to one half, basic intensity, peak intensity, and wash-in slope, were analyzed.Results. Of the 92 cases of patients with pregnancy in the lower uterine segment, 52 cases were CSP, and 40 cases were intrauterine pregnancy. CEUS was significantly better than conventional ultrasound in terms of sensitivity, negative predictive value, Youden index, and diagnostic accuracy (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in specificity and positive predictive value (P>0.05).Conclusion. CEUS has a higher accuracy than conventional ultrasound in diagnosis of CSP.