bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The strength and economic benefit of soil stabilization with Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as agro-waste
Authors: Toyeb Muhammad , Hakam Abdul , Andriani
Published: December 2023

Soil stabilization is most effective method to increasing the strength of poorly soil. In generally, adding cement is preference that other but it is not environmentally friendly. Due to the production process of cement more released the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Alternative stabilization method can use agro-waste from palm oil milling is called POFA, which having pozzolanic properties such as cement. The purpose of this study to find how much the increasing soil strength when add 20% treated POFA and how the economic benefits in replacing cement. Soil strength testing utilize an unconfined compression test (UCT) and economic benefits by reviewing previous research on soil-cement stabilization. Based on compaction standard that added 20% treated POFA was decrease the maximum dry density (MDD) and increase the optimum water content (OMC). The Soil-treated POFA stabilization gained the maximum compressive strength after curing for 28 days. Exhibit the increasing of compressive strength from 0.55 MPa to 1.04 MPa. The economic advantage with add of 20% treated POFA was able to replace the cement between 5% - 7.5%. Thus, treated POFA is feasible to be used as a soil stabilization material by considering the curing times.
Observation of mixed grain size sediment transport rate and streamwise nearbed flow velocity in a gravel-worked bed
Authors: Saadi Yusron , Suroso Agus , Negara I. Dewa Gede Jaya , Salehudin
Published: December 2023

This experiment observed the prediction of sediment movement for channel bed composed of mixed grain size and its relationship with nearbed turbulence. Changes in transport rate at different time elapsed was obtained by observing bedload transport rate and associated them with streamwise nearbed flow velocity. Regardless of the shape and duration, observations indicate that the total amounts of transported bedload during the antecedent flow hydrographs are the best indicators of bed stability as observed in the stability hydrographs. Experiments also suggest that high turbulence flow caused by dispersion in the average streamwise nearbed velocity roughly disrupted the bed, allowing dislodgement of coarser grain and preventing finer materials from being fully sheltered. As the result the production of transported material was very significantly increased. Systematic change is presumably absent in the variation of average instantaneous shear stress following an increasing and decreasing discharge as evidenced by average streamwise nearbed flow velocity during different pattern of antecedent flow hydrographs. The variations that produced slightly different fashion in transport rate led to the inference that the major difference in the transport rate response during stability tests were created by unsteady flow hydrographs with rapid increase and rapid decrease.
Empowerment of MSME crafts recommendation system with content-based filtering method on social commerce after the pandemic
Authors: Kamal Ahmad , Sura Suaini Binti , Hung Lai Po , Astri Renita , Kurniati Titi
Published: December 2023

Since the government officially declared the end of the pandemic in Indonesia, face-to-face trading activities between buyers and traders have increased again, especially in West Sumatra province. Some traders, in addition to running their businesses offline, also continue to utilize social media as they did during the pandemic, especially in marketing activities. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assist handicraft merchants in particular, in empowering social commerce, by understanding the behavior of recommendation systems (RS) which are specialized software for filtering in social commerce. The application of the right method determines the performance of an RS. In this discussion, the method used in RS for filtering is content-based. By applying this method, it can produce an RS that is right to support the marketing techniques of handicraft shops online, by adding complete, detailed, and uniform descriptions to each promotional photo or graphic model.
A preliminary results: crustal structure in celebes region based on receiver function analysis
Authors: Ariyanto Puji , Dzilfikra Muhammad Adli , Sinambela Marzuki , Suardi Iman , Marsono Agus , Anfasa Imam Tanthawi , Margiono Relly , Ali Munawar
Published: December 2023

The Celebes region is located in a subduction zone, leading to its complex tectonic conditions, active seismicity, and volcanic activity. In this study, researchers aimed to estimate the thickness of the Earth's crust by analyzing P, S wave velocities, and Vp/Vs values at 8 3-component broadband stations administered by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The P and S wave velocities were modeled using receiver function inversion, while the thickness of the earth's crust and Vp/Vs values were calculated using the H-κ stacking method. The data used teleseismic earthquake recordings with an epicenter distance of 30°-90° and M>6. The results indicate that the Earth's crust is around 35-40 km thick at the TMSI station, around 34-40 km thick at the SMSI station, around 38-42 km thick at the KRSI station, around 33-38 km at the MKS station, around 32-38 km at the WKCM station, around 25-32 km at the SRSI station, and around 35-38 km thick at the LUWI and BBSI stations. Furthermore, the P wave speed model for all zones in Celebes is estimated to range from 3.59-9.73 km/s, the S wave speed is estimated to range from 2.00-5.42 km/s, and the Vp/Vs value is estimated to range from 1.75-2.51 km/s.
Finite element model of reinforced concrete interior beamcolumn joints subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Maulana Hafiz , Syaifa Lala , Nabila Waode Ulya , Thamrin Rendy , Kurniawan Ruddy
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the finite elements of beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loads. This study aims to numerically obtain the beam-column joints' capacity without shear reinforcement in the joints. The variable used in the specimen is the beam's longitudinal reinforcement ratio. While the analytical study was carried out using ATENA 2D software, a computer program based on the non-linear finite element method. In this analytical study, the beam-column joints are loaded cyclically to obtain the envelope curve of the hysterical response. The results of this numerical analysis are then compared with the test results. The comparison results show that the model used in ATENA 2D can approach the test results well. In addition, the crack pattern obtained from the analysis shows a pattern close to the test results.
Study of the effect of installing seismic isolators at higher elevations in moment frame structures
Authors: Kurniawandy Alex , Djauhari Zulfikar , Jamil Hafizd Ahmed , Aryanti Riza
Published: December 2023

A seismic isolator is a helpful technology to protect structures from seismic hazards that threaten building structures. Seismic isolators increase the structure's natural period, thereby reducing the seismic response that occurs in the structure. Seismic isolators are generally installed at the base of the structure. However, in this study, the installation will be simulated at a higher elevation. The study purpose is to investigate the effect of installation seismic isolators in different level. The case study is a ten stories structures with four models. Model 1 is fixed without a base isolator, model 2 has an isolator on the ground floor, model 3 has an isolator on the third floor, and model 4 has an isolator on the fifth floor. The results show that structures with seismic isolators have longer natural periods than structures without isolators. The installation of seismic isolators on the lower floor produces higher natural period than installation at higher levels. In addition, due to the influence of the overturning moment, variations in the placement of the seismic isolator on the higher level can reduce the tensile strength up to 68.58%. Furthermore, the use of seismic isolators will increase the performance level of the structure.
Structural analysis due to wind speed as static loads on building
Authors: Sunaryati Jati , Yulianti  , Nidiasari  , Anggraini Vivi
Published: December 2023

The effect of wind as a dynamic load on structures can vary greatly depending on geographic location, topography, building height, and the characteristics of the building itself. Therefore, careful calculations and an in-depth understanding of these factors are essential in the design of safe wind-resistant structures. For tall buildings, the structural response due to horizontal loads due to wind loads is much greater than vertical loads. This paper reviews the analysis of wind loads as static lateral loads against the internal forces and inter-story drift that occur. A review was carried out of a reinforced concrete structure building with a plan size of 25 x 10 m; the frame height is 32 m, with a total of 8 floors. The speed of the wind is 120 mph. The structural response reviewed compares internal forces, deformation, and inter-story drift under wind loads with variations of wind speed factors based on surface roughness and topographic influence factors (slopes and hills). From the analysis of the effect of wind loads on building structures, it can be seen that wind speeds in flat areas without obstructions (exposure D) and slope areas have more significant wind speeds compared to the city center and hilly regions.
Analyzing the experiential meanings of survivors’ expressions of natural disasters in Indonesia
Authors: Zulprianto  , Yusda Maharaniguna , Sari Kamelia , Najma Eva , Lindawati  , Rambe Sojuangan
Published: December 2023

This study examines how natural disaster survivors in Indonesia construe their experiences regarding such calamities affecting them personally or environmentally from a linguistic angle. To this end, the direct expressions of the survivors were analyzed following the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) framework. The transitivity analysis of the survivors' expressions allows us to uncover the experiential meanings in terms of Processes, Participants, and Circumstances, which correspond to verbs, nouns and adjuncts in the grammar, respectively. The survivors' direct expressions were extracted from forty conveniently and criteria-based sampled Indonesian news articles. These articles vary in terms of the types and locations of natural disasters. In total, 195 expressions were found. While the results show that the survivors construe their experience in various ways, they predominantly construe their experience as material Processes or physical events that affect them personally and environmentally. The grammar of their expressions demonstrates that they mostly position the natural disasters as Actors and themselves as Goals in the events, attesting to the agentive power of nature over humans. The survivors also understood the natural disasters in abstract ways, using relational and existential Processes. This study contributes to the public narrative and collective memory in discourses related to natural disasters.
Earthquakes in Padang during the colonial period
Authors: Narny Yenny , Cribb Robert , Putri Febriani Rahayu , Iman Diah Tyahaya , Syafrizal  , Hadiansyah Dian
Published: December 2023

This research explores newspaper records regarding earthquake events during the Dutch colonial period in Padang, West Sumatra. This note is vital amidst the difficulties in acquiring historical statistical data for studying disasters in the past. The method used in this research is the historical method by integrating information in newspapers, particularly those that discuss the situation of society and the policies of the Dutch colonial government in dealing with various earthquakes taking place in the city of Padang during the colonial period. This research is expected to open new insights for developing the discipline of disaster science and provide access to the development of historical disaster studies in disaster-prone countries, in this case, in Indonesia.
Identifying precursor of Sumatra squall line
Authors: Pratiwi Asri
Published: December 2023

Sumatra Squall Line (SSL) is a detectable mesoscale meteorological phenomenon at least prior to 3 hour using Doppler radar imagery interpretation. By identifying precursors, SSL can be detected 6-12 hours earlier before the occurences. Infrared data from MTSAT satellite were used to identify clusters of SSL clouds which then produce two types of SSL with different orientations, namely Northwest SSL (oriented northwest - southeast) and Northeast SSL (oriented northeast - southwest). Wind, helicity, and moisture transport were selected as precursor variables due to their importance information of squall line. The results of the precursor variable pattern comparison in the case of SSL with non-SSL showed clear differences. Bottom layer convergence and the westerlies wind patterns were proven to be formed in SSL cases. Helicity concentration was related to orientation of SSL cloud cluster. The convergence of moisture transport was detected 6 hours before the SSL occurences.
Combination of Biogas-dual Fuel Engine Method and Activated Charcoal Adsorbent to Minimize Emissions from Two-wheeler
Authors: Sakke Tira Hendry , Allo Padang Yesung , Syahrul  , Restu Arindra Putra Dimas , Mulyanto Arif , Salman
Published: December 2023

Two-wheelers emissions have been reduced by using sustainable fuels, mainly biogas, in conjunction with adsorbents made from corncob charcoal. Biogas is obtained by purifying biogas from fermented cow dung. In addition, activated charcoal adsorbents obtained from corn cobs are used in the biogas purification process. This process yields biogas with a methane concentration of 93.4%. Purified biogas is then mixed with liquid fuel. Therefore, this study employs the dual fuel combustion method, in which liquid fuel serves as the pilot fuel. The experiment was conducted by introducing biogas at a rate of 1 L/minute and without load at a constant engine speed of 900 rpm. The findings demonstrate a strong synergy between biogas and activated carbon adsorbents in significantly reducing CO and HC emissions. Notably, the adsorbent's capacity to adsorb exhaust emissions improves as the concentration of NaCl activator in activated charcoal increases. HC emissions can be reduced by up to 20%, while CO emissions can be reduced by up to 5.6%. However, CO emissions show an increase, particularly during biogas combustion. Yet, this increase is reversed when combined with activated charcoal adsorbent. The NaCl activator has been proven to widen charcoal pores effectively, enhancing absorption efficiency.
Inventory Model for Closed Loop Supply Chain with Carbon Tax, Imperfect Production, and Exchange Rate
Authors: Nur Affifah Devina , Ahmad Jauhari Wakhid , Widyo Laksono Pringgo
Published: December 2023

This paper develops an inventory model for a closed-loop supply chain system (CLSC) involving of a manufacturer and retailer. A carbon tax policy is applied to cut down emission from production. transportation, and storage. To lessen the emissions, the manufacturer invests in green technologies. The manufacturer’s production process is assumed to be imperfect, so the lot deliveries to the retailer contain imperfect products. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the joint total cost incurred by the supply chain. The objective of the model is to minimise total cost by determining the shipment size, number of deliveries, green investment, and safety factor. A numerical example and a sensitivity analysis are presented to show the application of the model and to investigate the influence of key parameters on the performance of the model.
Review of Sustainable Biofuel Supply Chain Model Design
Authors: Talitha Tita , Ahmad Jauhari Wakhid , Hisjam Muh
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis and review of the progress of sustainable biofuel supply chain research. Based on a search of the Scopus database, it resulted in 208 articles published from 2013 to 2022. Bibliometric analysis examines the results by observing keywords, journal trends, and authorship. The results of the analysis of publication trends or publication developments show an increase in article publications in the field of sustainable biofuel supply chain research. Mapping science analysis forms a classification of articles to analyze research themes that have emerged over the past ten years, and to present future research.
Evaluation of Work Posture When Assembling a Study Chair in Industrial Engineering Design Practicum 2
Authors: Herdiman Lobes , Priadythama Ilham , Rochman Taufiq , Setyanto Hari , Heru Setiawan Dwi
Published: December 2023

In a study chair assembly workstation facility at Industrial Engineering Design Practicum 2 (IEDP2), practicum students experienced difficulties, including rotating fixtures, separating bolt and nut components, and changing assembly positions. Kinetics analysis through evaluation of work postures is needed to redesign assembly stations. This paper compares the before and after redesigning of a study chair assembly workstation in IEDP2 based on work posture with kinetic analysis through 3D motion with Kinect and LightBuzz Vitruvius sensors. As many as 20 students were involved, including practicum assistant students and practicum students at the Laboratory of Product Planning and Design (LPPD). Comparison of assembly workstation redesigns was measured using fair and maximum moments, testing through paired t-tests. The significant differences between before and after redesigning a study chair assembly at workstation facilities were statistical (p < 0.001). Kinetic analysis showed an increase in improving students' working posture by redesigning workstation facilities, showing a different workload on the upper limbs when assembling.
Performance Analysis of the Distributed Support Vector Machine Algorithm Using Spark for Predicting Flight Delays
Authors: Khotimah Husnul , Wilda Al Aluf Baiq , Ari Rifqi Muhammad , Hernawan Ari , Satya Nugraha Gibran
Published: December 2023

In big data analysis requires powerful machine learning frameworks, strategies, and environments to analyze data at scale. Therefore, Apache Spark is used as a cluster computing framework to process big data in parallel and can run on multiple clusters. In this study, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is used as a classification method to predict whether a flight will experience a delayed arrival. This study also aims to analyze the performance of the distributed SVM algorithm using the Apache Spark framework in classifying delayed flight arrivals. Running time evaluation is important in proving how fast the data processing is done using Apache Spark. In addition, there is a test to prove the effect of using the SVM algorithm with a distributed system on the results of the classification accuracy of delayed flight arrivals. Distributed SVM performance testing is carried out using variations in data size and the number of worker nodes in the built cluster. From the test results, it was found that the most effective number of worker nodes used in the flight delay classification process was 4 worker nodes with the lowest running time results from the experiment of 4 variations in the number of worker nodes. In terms of accuracy, adding the number of worker nodes does not affect the accuracy of the program. The difference in the accuracy of results is caused by the random oversampling process on the data performed on each system test. Using the SVM algorithm with Spark is sufficient to provide good performance in the classification process with the highest accuracy result in the test being 93.98 %.
Production Prioritization at PT. XYZ with Stock Needs Rule (SNR) Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Bunga Mandira Arifianti Elva , Liquiddanu Eko , Priyandari Yusuf
Published: December 2023

The intensity of delay delivery at PT. XYZ continues to increase. The cause of these delays is the changes in production schedules due to fluctuating daily demand and the fulfillment of customer requests based on customer priorities. This study aims to create a model for determining the prioritization of running production that minimizes delivery delays by considering objective factors such as shortage dates and balance stock, and subjective factors such as customer priority. The methods used for determining production priorities are the Stock Needs Rule (SNR) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This model utilizes three criteria for determining the prioritization of running part numbers, that is: shortage dates that consider the daily stock quantity of finished goods, Work in Process (WIP), and previous day's demand; balance stock that considers the inventory stock and the demand that needs to be fulfilled during the lead time; and customer priority that takes into account the intensity of demand fluctuations, loyalty, and fixed product usage time. With this model, PT. XYZ can determine the priority part numbers that need to be produced first.
An Optimization Model for Electric Motorcycle Battery Swapping Station in Indonesia: A Case Study
Authors: Iqbal Sulistyo Putra Muhammad , Hisjam Muhammad , Ahmad Jauhari Wakhid
Published: December 2023

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) has become a new technological innovation that effectively accelerates electrification due to their short charging and swapping processes. On the other hand, developing charging infrastructure, such as charging stations, still needs to be improved in Indonesia. The absence of government policies regulating charging station design has led each electric motorcycle company to innovate with their own standards. This research aims to implement a proposed Battery Swap Station (BSS) model to minimize swapping costs by optimizing the charging schedule for each exchanged battery based on a case study of one electric motorcycle service provider in Solo. Three factors are considered in searching for the objective function: the number of batteries taken from the stock during daily operations, battery degradation resulting from high charging scheme usage, and the electricity cost used at the station. Genetic Algorithms are proposed to determine the optimal charging scheduling, resulting in the minimum objective function. A series of battery swapping demand case studies are simulated to assess the feasibility of the proposed model, which can serve as a policy reference for the government and companies.
Wax Printing Technology as a Printing Model for Craft Goods Based on Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Prianto Eko , Herianto  , Kusumawan Herliansyah Muhammad
Published: December 2023

The application of Additive Manufacturing has brought progress and transformation in the industrial world. 3D printing technology is advantageous over traditional manufacturing processes, as it can turn 3D designs/models into ready-to-use products. This research aims to identify the wax printing process as a printing model for the craft industry using additive manufacturing-based technology. Studies related to wax printing technology using a 3D printer to print handicrafts are needed to find out the characteristics of wax as the primary printing material, what parameters of the printing process are required for the wax printing process, and what kind of 3D printing technology is appropriate in the wax printing process, especially for use in the craft industry. Testing wax model printing using an FDM 3D Printer with the most suitable heating temperature of 2000C and a retract distance of 50 mm using wax material in the filament. Shrinkage resulting from the wax printing process has a minimal value, with an average minimum shrinkage of 1.16% and a maximum average enlargement of 0.02%, which indicates that this technology is suitable for use in the printing process of handicraft models.
Design and Implementation of DC Fast Charging for 48V LiFePO4 Battery Pack
Authors: Griyasti Suci Windhu , Asto Putro Firman , Surya Adinata Fandi , Nizam Muhammad , Ramelan Agus , Nur Ramadhani Aida
Published: December 2023

This research focuses on developing a fast charging system to charge lithium-ion battery packs with a voltage rating of 48 volts. Standard battery charging uses a 0.25 C charging rate, which takes about 4 hours. The charging method in this study uses the constant current, constant voltage (CC-CV) method by adjusting the charging current at a charging rate of 1C, 2C, and 3C from the battery capacity. The buck converter determined the charging current value, setting it to produce a voltage of 53 V and a charging current of 10 A for a 1C charging rate, 20 A for a 2C charging rate, and 30 A for a 3C charging rate. Based on the testing, the battery charging time to reach 80% takes 57 minutes for charging rate 1C, 30 minutes for charging rate 2C, and 26 minutes for charging rate 3C.
Distributed Machine Learning using HDFS and Apache Spark for Big Data Challenges
Authors: Cahya Indirman M. Didik , Wahyu Wiriasto Giri , Irfan Akbar L. Ahmad S.
Published: December 2023

Hadoop and Apache Spark have become popular frameworks for distributed big data processing. This research aims to configure Hadoop and Spark for conducting training and testing on big data using distributed machine learning methods with MLlib, including linear regression and multi-linear regression. Additionally, an external library, LSTM, is used for experimentation. The experiments utilize three desktop devices to represent a series of tests on single and multi-node networks. Three datasets, namely bitcoin (3,613,767 rows), gold-price (5,585 rows), and housing-price (23,613 rows), are employed as case studies. The distributed computation tests are conducted by allocating uniform core processors on all three devices and measuring execution times, as well as RMSE and MAPE values. The results of the single-node tests using MLlib (both linear and multi-linear regression) with variations of core utilization ranging from 2 to 16 cores, show that the overall dataset performs optimally using 12 cores, with an execution time of 532.328 seconds. However, in the LSTM method, core allocation variations do not yield significant results and require longer program execution times. On the other hand, in the multinode (2) tests, optimal performance is achieved using 8 cores, with an execution time of 924.711 seconds, while in the multi-node (3) tests, the ideal configuration is 6 cores with an execution time of 881.495 seconds. In conclusion, without the involvement of HDFS, distributed MLlib programs cannot be processed, and core allocation depends on the number of nodes used and the size of the dataset.
Design and Development of Eye Tracking System for Children with Autism
Authors: Slamet Saputro Joko , Kirana Anggarani Fadjri , Yusuf Munawir , Basu Dewa Refansyah , Aston Susetyo Ricky , Yusuf Hayyan
Published: December 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition impacting communication and social interaction in children. Eye-tracking technology has emerged as a valuable tool to investigate visual attention patterns in children with ASD. This paper presents the design and development of an eye-tracking system for children with ASD, employing a Raspberry Pi 4, Noir camera, gaze tracker, and LED display to create an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment for precise visual attention measurement. The hardware implementation involves integrating the Raspberry Pi circuitry and AMOLED screen into a VR box, with the Noir camera capturing eye images. A meticulous calibration process maps pupil coordinates to screen coordinates accurately. The system's software, employing OpenCV for image processing and Firebase for data storage, is rigorously tested on adults to ensure reliable gaze tracking prior to assessing children with autism. Successful tracking of gaze coordinates during stimulus display indicates its potential for accurate data collection. However, minor reading errors from the sensor slightly hinder accuracy, suggesting improvements via camera sensor and microcontroller upgrades. The eye-tracking system offers a promising avenue for early and accurate ASD diagnosis, offering critical insights into visual attention patterns, and facilitating effective interventions to enhance social and communication skills in children with ASD.
On random trees and forests
Authors: Contat Alice , Delmas Jean-François , Duchamps Jean-Jil , Kortchemski Igor , Nassif Michel
Published: December 2023

The first talk at the session Random trees and random forests “Journée MAS” (27/08/2021) was presented by I. Kortchemski. After a general up-to-date introduction to local and scaling limits of Bienaymé trees (which are discrete branching trees), he presented new results on precise behavior of the largest out-degree of large branching trees when the offspring distribution μ is subcritical with μ(n) of order n−β for large n and β > 2 or critical with μ(n) of order n−2. In the next talk, M. Nassif gave asymptotics of additive functionals of large Bienayme trees in the global regime, which can be understood using scaling limits. Looking at Cayley trees with fixed size, A. Contat established a surprising identity for randomly built independent sets. Eventually J.-J. Duchamps presented some results on the distribution of the discrete Moran forest, a random graph arising in a classical population model at equilibrium.
Some recent advances in random walks and random environments
Authors: Devulder Alexis , Diel Roland , Zeng Xiaolin
Published: December 2023

Recent contributions to random walks in random environments and related topics are presented. We focus on non parametric estimation for one dimensional random walks in random environment and on the Dirichlet distribution on decomposable graphs.
Bayes in action in deep learning and dictionary learning
Authors: Arbel Julyan , Dang Hong-Phuong , Elvira Clement , Herzet Cedric , Naulet Zacharie , Vladimirova Mariia
Published: December 2023

This article summarizes some recent works and associated challenges in the field of Bayesian statistics that were presented during the Journées MAS 2020. The goal of the session was to give an overview of the many aspects of Bayesian statistics investigated by young researchers of the community.
Kurse und Weiterbildungen der staatlich und DKG anerkannten WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: December 2023

Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie auf www.wbs-ulm.de.
Gesunde Ernährung im Spannungsfeld von Klimawandel und chronischer Nierenkrankheit
Authors: Knöller Susi
Published: December 2023

Ungefähr 25–37 % der weltweiten CO2-Emissionen entstehen direkt und indirekt durch die Nahrungsmittelproduktion; mit ca. 60–80 % entfällt der größte Anteil auf die Erzeugung von Fleisch und tierischen Produkten. Hochrechnungen zufolge werden sich die CO2-Emissionen der Nahrungsmittelproduktion bis zum Jahr 2050 verdoppeln – vor allem, weil der Fleischkonsum weiter zunimmt. Gleichzeitig mehrt sich die Evidenz, dass eine fleischreiche Diät, eine sogenannte Western Diet, die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität erhöht und die Progression von Nierenkrankheiten beschleunigt. Es handelt sich somit um eine Lose-Lose-Diät, da diese weder nachhaltig noch gesund ist. Pflanzenbasierte, ballaststoffreiche Ernährungsformen sind mit einer Reduktion der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität sowie einer Verlangsamung der Progression einer chronischen Nierenkrankheit (CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease) assoziiert. Gleichzeitig spart der Anbau pflanzlicher Nahrungsmittel CO2 ein; es ist somit eine Win-Win-Diät (nachhaltig und gesund.) Dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über den Einfluss unserer Ernährungsgewohnheiten im Spannungsfeld von Klima wandel und Gesundheit unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung der CKD.
Flexiblere Ernährungsmöglichkeiten für Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Contzen Barbara
Published: December 2023

Hyperkaliämie stellt für viele Ärzte, Dialysefachkräfte und Patienten mit einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung (CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease) eine große Herausforderung dar. Ursachen dafür sind nicht nur diätetische Faktoren, sondern mitunter auch Medikamente, eine metabolische Azidose oder eine Obstipation. Meist werden nur pauschale Empfehlungen im Sinne eines Kaliumverbots bezüglich der Kostform ausgesprochen. Das kann einer gesunden Ernährungsweise nicht gerecht werden. Zudem ist eine kaliumarme Kost fade und geschmackslos. Viele Hinweise deuten darauf hin, dass eine kaliumarme Ernährung nicht immer den gewünschten Effekt (Absinken des Serum- Kalium-Spiegels) mit sich bringt. Ziel ist es, eine Ernährungsweise zu finden, die gesund ist, schmeckt und das Risiko einer Hyperkaliämie vermindert. Neuere Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass eine nahrungsfaserreiche Kost („plant-based diet“) diesbezüglich einen sinnvollen Ansatz darstellt. Die Speisen einer pflanzenbasierten Kost sollten sich auszeichnen durch eine frische Zubereitung, wenig prozessierte (Fertig-)Gerichte und eine deutlich limitierte Menge an Obstsäften. Vorteile einer pflanzenbasierten Kost sind eine geringere Menge an zugesetzten Lebensmittelzusatzstoffen, eine reduzierte postprandiale Kaliumlast, weniger Obstipation, die Zufuhr vieler gesunde Nährstoffe, wie z. B. Vitamine und Mineralstoffe, sowie „gutes Futter“ für das Mikrobiom und angenehme Geschmackserlebnisse. Diese Empfehlungen gelten allerdings nicht für Menschen mit insulinpflichtigem Diabetes mellitus, da hier ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Hyperkaliämie besteht. Ein Paradigmenwechsel ist gewünscht, der ein gesundes Ernährungsmuster in Form einer pflanzenbasierten Kost fördert und strikte Kaliumverbote vermeidet.
Ernährungstherapie bei Dialysepflicht
Authors: Marsen Tobias A.
Published: December 2023

Bislang konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden, dass intradialytische parenterale Ernährung (IDPE) im Vergleich zu einer Ernährungsberatung und einer oralen Nahrungsergänzung bei terminaler Niereninsuffizienz die Patientengesundheit oder klinisch wichtige Ernährungsergebnisse verbessert. Aufgrund der Verbesserung von Ernährungsindikatoren empfehlen jedoch die bestehenden Leitlinien die IDPE als sinnvolle weitere Behandlungsoption für Patienten, die auf eine Ernährungsberatung und eine orale Nahrungsergänzung nicht ansprechen oder diese Erstbehandlungen aufgrund einer Fehlfunktion des Magen-Darm-Trakts oder anderer Probleme nicht erhalten können. Trotz der höheren Kosten ist somit ein Einsatz der IDPE gerechtfertigt. Zu den Nebenwirkungen der IDPE liegen nur begrenzt Daten vor. Es scheint jedoch keine signifikanten Unterschiede bezüglich unerwünschter Wirkungen zwischen Therapie- und Kontrollgruppe zu geben. In der klinischen Praxis sollte die IDPE immer auch gegen die anderen Ernährungsoptionen abgewogen und individuell über einen idealerweise initial zu definierenden und klar limitierten Zeitraum verordnet werden.
Contributing to a Greener New York: Analysis of Methane Emissions in New York State
Authors: Weil Matthew , Cooney Jacob , Hossain Muhtasim , Konieczny Mikolaj , Leibensperger Eric M.
Published: December 2023

New York state is reducing its carbon footprint through the Community Leadership and Climate Protection Act. One important target is methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes 35% of the state’s CO2-equivalent emissions.1 Here we present the results of mobile observations conducted to better identify and quantify emissions of methane in central New York. We discovered a modest source of methane following numerous visits to a mining operation. During repeated visits the facility produced two distinct plumes with ethane and methane ratios of 0.010 and 0.007, which differ from local natural gas infrastructure. Using a Gaussian plume approach, we estimate the emission flux to be 70−100 kg/h. Additional observations are required to better refine our estimate.
Synchronized B-site alloying for high-efficiency inorganic tin–lead perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wang Feng , Chen Hao , Qian Feng , Li Jian , Zheng Hualin , Yuan Shihao , Peng Xuefeng , Wang Yafei , Huang Jiang , Cui Hao , Yu Zhinong , Chen Zhi David , Li Shibin
Published: December 2023

Inorganic tin–lead perovskites with low bandgap (1.2–1.4 eV) are desired absorber materials for solar cells owing to their ideal bandgap and compositional stability. However, such tin–lead perovskites are currently subject to inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the origin remains unclear. Here, for the first time, we report the metal-cation-derived unsynchronized crystallization behavior of inorganic tin–lead perovskite, exemplifying by a representative composition CsPb0.7Sn0.3I3. A tin-perovskite-targeted crystallization modulation agent, 1-(4-fluorophenyl) piperazine (1-4FP), is introduced to synchronize the B-site alloying through its strong targeted bonding with SnI2, resulting in substantially enhanced film quality with better morphology and photoelectrical properties. Furthermore, first-principles molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the agent regulates the crystallization route toward the pure phase of CsPb0.7Sn0.3I3 by suppressing the preforming of tin perovskite. With our proposed approach, the best device attains PCE of 17.55%, which is record-high for inorganic tin–lead perovskite solar cells. In addition, treated devices show excellent stability with only 10% and negligible loss after being exposed to 1 sun intensity for 700 h and being stored in N2 after over 4000 h, respectively. Our findings open a new avenue of crystallization route design in inorganic tin–lead perovskites, so as to obtaining high-quality perovskite films and associated solar cells.
Who lives in the open sea? Distribution and densities of surfacing marine megafauna in three subregions of the South Pacific (New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, and French Polynesia)
Authors: Laran Sophie , Van Canneyt Olivier , Dorémus Ghislain , Garrigue Claire , Berr Tristan , Bourgogne Hugo , Genu Mathieu , Spitz Jérôme , Ridoux Vincent
Published: December 2023

Context Assessing the distribution and abundance of marine fauna and the ecological status of coastal and pelagic ecosystems is key to biodiversity conservation, but the monitoring of mobile marine species raises multiple logistical and financial challenges. Aims The project describes the distribution, abundance and taxonomic assemblage of several marine megafauna taxa in three subregions of the western and central South Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, and French Polynesia). Methods Large-scale aerial surveys were conducted using a standardised multi-taxon protocol, to characterise the occurrence and abundance of marine megafauna over 2.5 million km2. Analysing more than 122 000 km of transects, the densities of 22 different taxa were estimated: seven taxonomic groups of marine mammals (Physeteridae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae, Globicephalinae, Small Delphininae, Large Delphininae, and Dugongidae), a single group for hard-shelled sea turtles, three groups of elasmobranchs (including whale sharks), and 11 groups of seabirds (including Phaethontidae, Hydrobatidae, Fregatidae and Sulidae). Key results Contrasting patterns of species distribution were found. Marine mammal diversity increases north and west, with a distinct species assemblage in New Caledonia, compared to other subregions. A strong latitudinal gradient was observed across French Polynesia, independent of taxa. Conclusions This study provides the first comparison of marine species assemblages across the three oceanic subregions and sets a regional baseline for the biogeography of marine megafauna in the region. Implications The taxonomic and spatial extension of the results opens up new perspectives for the development of local conservation measures, especially for taxa with already documented population declines.
Salt dynamics, leaching requirements, and leaching fractions during irrigation of a halophyte with different saline waters
Authors: Al-Tamimi Mansoor , Green Steve , Abou Dahr Wasel , Al-Muaini Ahmed , Lyra Dionysia , Ammar Khalil , Dawoud Mohamed , Kenyon Paul , Kemp Peter , Kennedy Lesley , Clothier Brent
Published: December 2023

Context More than 830 million ha of soils are salt affected, representing around 9% of the world’s land surface. Groundwater high in salt already covers some 16% of the land area. Saline water can be used effectively for irrigation by salt leaching to despatch the accumulated salts, but this can pose a risk of salinisation of groundwater. It is important that the efficacy of salt leaching is confirmed, and the impacts of salt loading below the rootzone can be assessed. Aims We examine the efficiency and impact of salt leaching to remove salt from the rootzone. Methods Our soil, a Typic Torripsamment, is the dominant soil across the Arabian Peninsula. We carried out detailed laboratory experiments of salt leaching dynamics via salt breakthrough curves, analytical modelling, and through the field monitoring of impacts. Key results Analytical solutions well predicted the salt breakthrough curves from repacked soil columns in the laboratory and we were able to confirm that all of the soil’s water was actively involved in transport, and that salt behaved as an inert tracer. The breakthrough curves were well predicted using a small solute dispersivity, so piston displacement was found to be a good assumption. Salt was easily flushed from the columns. To back this up in the field, soil sampling was carried out down to 1 m across 36 profiles after the harvest of a halophytic crop irrigated with saline water. Salt storage was only 1.8 kg m−2, even though 80 kg m−2 had been applied. This is a positive result for managing irrigation. Conclusions Salt leaching can maintain equable salinity in the rootzone. However, this leaching carried salt back to groundwater at 2–3 times the concentration of the applied water. We confirmed that the amount of salt leaching back to groundwater can be significant. Implications This salt dilemma will require careful management to achieve crop yields and protect the environment.
Observation of the most H
2
-dense filled ice under high pressure
Authors: Ranieri Umbertoluca , Di Cataldo Simone , Rescigno Maria , Monacelli Lorenzo , Gaal Richard , Santoro Mario , Andriambariarijaona Leon , Parisiades Paraskevas , De Michele Cristiano , Bove Livia Eleonora
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen hydrates are among the basic constituents of our solar system’s outer planets, some of their moons, as well Neptune-like exo-planets. The details of their high-pressure phases and their thermodynamic conditions of formation and stability are fundamental information for establishing the presence of hydrogen hydrates in the interior of those celestial bodies, for example, against the presence of the pure components (water ice and molecular hydrogen). Here, we report a synthesis path and experimental observation, by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements, of the most H

2

-dense phase of hydrogen hydrate so far reported, namely the compound 3 (or C

3

). The detailed characterisation of this hydrogen-filled ice, based on the crystal structure of cubic ice I (ice I

c

), is performed by comparing the experimental observations with first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation. We observe that the extreme (up to 90 GPa and likely beyond) pressure stability of this hydrate phase is due to the close-packed geometry of the hydrogen molecules caged in the ice I

c

skeleton.
Examining the role of dopamine in methylphenidate’s effects on resting brain function
Authors: Tomasi Dardo , Manza Peter , Yan Weizheng , Shokri-Kojori Ehsan , Demiral Şükrü Barış , Yonga Michele-Vera , McPherson Katherine , Biesecker Catherine , Dennis Evan , Johnson Allison , Zhang Rui , Wang Gene-Jack , Volkow Nora D.
Published: December 2023

The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and global functional connectivity density (gFCD) are fMRI (Functional MRI) metrics widely used to assess resting brain function. However, their differential sensitivity to stimulant-induced dopamine (DA) increases, including the rate of DA rise and the relationship between them, have not been investigated. Here we used, simultaneous PET-fMRI to examine the association between dynamic changes in striatal DA and brain activity as assessed by ALFF and gFCD, following placebo, intravenous (IV), or oral methylphenidate (MP) administration, using a within-subject double-blind placebo-controlled design. In putamen, MP significantly reduced D
2/3
receptor availability and strongly reduced ALFF and increased gFCD in the brain for IV-MP (Cohen’s d > 1.6) but less so for oral-MP (Cohen’s d < 0.6). Enhanced gFCD was associated with both the level and the rate of striatal DA increases, whereas decreased ALFF was only associated with the level of DA increases. These findings suggest distinct representations of neurovascular activation with ALFF and gFCD by stimulant-induced DA increases with differential sensitivity to the rate and the level of DA increases. We also observed an inverse association between gFCD and ALFF that was markedly enhanced during IV-MP, which could reflect an increased contribution from MP’s vasoactive properties.
Should offensive metaphors be censored?
Authors: Gibbs Jr. Raymond W.
Published: December 2023

This article offers my personal assessment of the recent efforts to censor certain metaphors in higher education
within the United States. Many universities have created extensive speech codes that censor various metaphorical words and phrases
for their potential harm, especially for possibly being offensive to different individuals and marginalized communities. I discuss
some of the problems with these efforts and offer a brief defense of the importance of metaphors, good or bad, in our public
conversations.
Effect of behavioral changes on epidemic spreading in coupled simplicial activity driven networks
Authors: Huang Shuai , Xu Yuan-Hao , Li Meng-Yu , Hu Mao-Bin
Published: December 2023

Despite intensive studies on the epidemic spreading problem in social networks, both intra-group and inter-group interactions are represented as dyadic links. In this study, using coupled simplicial activity driven networks, we examine the impact of behavioral modification on epidemic propagation while taking into account various intra-group and inter-group interactions. The intra-group interactions are represented as simplicial structures, while the inter-group connections are represented as pairwise links. Two distinct types of behavioral changes are considered: (i) infected individuals decrease their activity due to self-quarantine, (ii) susceptible individuals limit their contacts due to self-protection. Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis reveal that both self-quarantine and self-protection behavior can effectively suppress epidemic spreading, leading to increased thresholds of epidemics and reduced steady-state fractions of infected individuals. Increasing the simplex size will lead to less protective effect of these behavioral changes, while enhancing pairwise connections between groups will not decrease the effect of behavioral changes.
Intelligent Robotic Electromagnetic Riveting Interference Connection Technology for Aircraft Assembly
Authors: Gao Wenxiang , Wei Haojie , Luo Yun , Zhang Xunjie , Zhang Yadan , Lu Dawei
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the problem that the existing automatic electromagnetic riveting equipment is difficult to adapt to the riveting of complex structures such as narrow space, an electromagnetic riveting interference connection technology based on intelligent robots is proposed. An industrial robot carrying an end-effector is used in electromagnetic riveting. First, the overall design of the electromagnetic riveting system with each integrated module is presented; Then the composition form of the electromagnetic riveting module and riveting operation principle is elaborated in detail, and the system process flow is designed; Finally, the test pieces are subjected to hole-making and interference bolt riveting tests, and the results show that the designed system can complete the electromagnetic riveting task, and the rivets and the riveted plates realize a better interference fit.