bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rehabilitation on Gait Pattern at Usual and Fast Speeds Depend on Walking Impairment Level in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Leone Carmela , Kalron Alon , Smedal Tori , Normann Britt , Wens Inez , Eijnde Bert O. , Feys Peter
Published: October 2017

Background:

Physical rehabilitation can improve walking capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters after rehabilitation are not frequently evaluated, and it is unknown to what extent potential effects depend on baseline disability level. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs on gait parameters at usual and fastest speeds in persons with MS categorized according to walking speed.

Methods:

This nonrandomized multinational study in “real-world” settings evaluated participants before and after conventional rehabilitation. Outcome measurements included spatiotemporal gait parameters assessed by an electronic walkway (at usual and fastest speeds), walking capacity tests (Timed 25-Foot Walk test, 2-Minute Walk Test, 6-Minute Walk Test), and the patient-reported 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale. Patients were allocated into three subgroups based on walking speed (<0.82 m/s and >1.14 m/s) and MS center. Results were calculated for the total group and subgroups.

Results:

Forty-two persons with MS (26 women; mean ± SD age, 44.6 ± 11.0 years; mean ± SD Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 3.5 ± 1.5) receiving rehabilitation treatment were enrolled. After rehabilitation treatment, the group demonstrated a significant decrease in double support time and an increase in stride length and step length (left leg) at usual and fastest speeds. Velocity and step length (right leg) increased only at usual speed. Subgroup analysis revealed greatest and clinically meaningful improvements in more disabled persons with MS.

Conclusions:

Physical rehabilitation induced changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters in persons with MS. The magnitude of improvement was greater in participants with more walking impairment.
Učestalost i simptomatologija izmijenjene vaginalne flore kod žena na području opštine Foča
Authors: Stanković Danijela , Mrgud Rada , Lukić Ružica , Ristanović Miroslav , Đukić Slobodanka
Published: October 2017

Uvod. Bakterijska vaginoza predstavlja poremećaj u sastavu vaginalne floreu smislu smanjenja broja laktobacila, a predominacije anaerobnih bakterijaGardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae i Mobiluncus spp. Najčešći simptomudružen sa bakterijskom vaginozom je rijedak, homogen, mliječno bijeli ilisivkast vaginalni sekret, neprijatnog mirisa. Cilj rada je određivanje učestalostii simptomatologije izmijenjene vaginalne flore kod žena u reproduktivnomperiodu iz područja opštine Foča, Republika Srpska.Metode. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 100 žena u reproduktivnom periodu, pričemu trudnice nisu uključene u ovu studiju. Na direktnom preparatu obojenompo Gram-u, koristeći sistem bodovanja po Nugent-u, dijagnostikovana jeizmijenjena vaginalna flora. Na osnovu anamnestičkih podataka utvrđivalismo da li se pojedini simptomi češće javljaju u grupi ispitanica sa izmijenjenomvaginalnom florom (bakterijska vaginoza i intermedijerna flora) u odnosu nažene sa normalnom vaginalnom florom.Rezultati. Koristeći sistem bodovanja po Nugent-u bakterijska vaginoza jedijagnostikovana kod 22% ispitanica, intermedijerna flora je nađena kod 18%ispitanica, dok je njih 60% imalo normalnu vaginalnu floru. Kod ispitanicasa dijagnostikovanom bakterijskom vaginozom najčešći simptom je biopojačan sekret. Obradom podataka utvrđeno je da nema statistički značajnerazlike u učestalosti ispitivanih simptoma (pojačan sekret, peckanje, svrab)kod ispitanica sa izmijenjenom vaginalnom florom u odnosu na ispitanicesa normalnom vaginalnom florom. Asimptomatska bakterijska vaginoza jedijagnostikovana kod 4 (18,2%) ispitanice.Zaključak. Izmijenjena vaginalna flora, u vidu bakterijske vaginoze ili intermedijerneflore dijagnostikovana je kod 40% ispitanica. Među ispitanicama sadijagnostikovanom bakterijskom vaginozom najčešći simptom je bio pojačansekret ali nisu uočene značajne razlike u učestalosti simptomatoma kodžena sa izmijenjenom vaginalnom florom u odnosu na žene sa normalnomvaginalnom florom.
MARKETING KONCEPT MSP – IMPLEMENTACIJA U OKVIRIMA EU
Authors: Đokić Maja , Mitić Branislav , Panić Biljana
Published: October 2017

Evropska Komisija razvila je i implementira široki spektar aktivnosti u okviru politike specifično projektovane za pružanje  podrške sektoru malih i srednjih preduzeća u Evropi. Ovakva politika usmerena je ka kreiranju uslova pod kojim mala preduzeća mogu da se osnivaju i razvijaju. EU ima jasan cilj: da ubrza ekonomski rast i kreira mnoštvo novih ili boljih radnih mesta. U tom smislu, glavnu ulogu će u narednom periodu odigrati mala i srednje velika preduzeća. Posmatrano sa aspekta implementacije marketing koncepta, a što je u fokusu ovog rada, malo preduzeće dobrim delom deli sudbinu svoje delatnosti koja može biti u fazi rasta, stagnacije ili opadanja. Delatnost može više ili manje biti izložena raznim oscilacijama na tržištu. Ti faktori, kao i životni ciklus proizvoda, utiču na to da se proizvodni program tretira kao dinamička, a ne statička kategorija. Krajnji cilj marketinga je da nagovori potrošača da odabere proizvod ili usluge preduzeća, pored postojeće ponude konkurencije. Efikasan način za dobijanje uvida u proces odluke o kupovini je model kupčevog ponašanja. Ovi modeli mogu biti različite složenosti u zavisnosti od uslova tržišta.
Vrednovanje tokova gotovine u funkciji povećanja vrednosti multinacionalnih kompanija
Authors: Barjaktarović Miljana
Published: October 2017

Sažetak: Vrednost multinacionalnih kompanija je veoma važna za njihove akcionare i poverioce. Akcionari maksimiziraju svoje bogatstvo kao vlasnici kompanije u kojoj menadžeri donose odluke sa ciljem da maksimiziraju vrednost kompanije. Upravljanje tokovima gotovine ima za cilj da poveća vrednost multinacionalnih kompanija. Shodno tome, potrebno je analizirati neke osnovne koncepte vrednovanja tokova gotovine i njihov uticaj na vrednost multinacionalnih kompanija. Model koji se analizira će biti korišćen u tekstu da poveže različite aspekte finansijskog upravljanja maksimizacijom vrednosti kompanije.Poznato je da je prosečna cena troškova kapitala multinacinalnih kompanija bazirana na finansiranju projekata koji se odnose na poslovanje u različitim zemljama. Na taj način, bilo koja odluka od strane matične multinacionalne kompanije podržavanjem projekata u određenim zemljama može uticati na prosečne troškove kapitala ( i njihovu zahtevanu stopu prinosa) i stoga može da utiče na njenu vrednost.U suštini, model vrednovanja pokazuje da na vrednost multinacionalne kompanije mogu uticati iznosi tokova gotovine u različitim valutama, devizni kurs na osnovu kojeg se vrši konverzija u matičnu valutu i/ ili prosečni troškovi kapitala multinacionalne korporacije.
KONVERGENCIJA REGULATIVA ZA OSNIVANJE BANAKA JAPANA, VELIKE BRITANIJE I NJEMAČKE U GLOBALNOM BANKARSTVU
Authors: Galijašević Zumreta , Šoja Tijana , Božičkovi Siniša
Published: October 2017

Osnivanje banaka uređeno je zakonskim i regulatornim propisima. Regulacija bankarstva predstavlja skup pravila i propisa koje banke moraju zadovoljiti kod ulaska u bankarsku djelatnost. Nacionalni regulatorni okviri kreiraju se shodno modelu bankarskog poslovanja koji se implementira u konkretnoj zemlji, pa se međusobno razlikuju. Problematika regulatornog okvira za osnivanje banaka u okolnostima globalizacije tiče se njegove globalne primjene. Svrha je ispitati na koji način konvergencija regulativa u domenu osnivanja banaka utiče na razvoj i efikasnost bankarstva. U radu se proučavaju specifični regulatorni zahtjevi za osnivanje banaka u Japanu, Velikoj Britaniji i Njemačkoj, uz istovremenu izolaciju ostalih regulatornih zahtjeva. U tu svrhu se koriste metode kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize. Cilj rada je proučiti prednosti i nedostatke pojedinih regulativa, njihova ograničenja, te utvrditi aspekte u kojima ove politike u globalnom bankarstvu konvergiraju. Rezultati istraženog potvrđuju predpostavku o razvoju finansijske infrastrukture i efikasnosti bankarstva uz konvergenciju prema regulativi koja predstavlja najbolju regulatornu praksu. Smjernice dalje konvergencije usmjerene su na prihvatanje modela univerzalnog bankarstva i rješavanje kapitalnog minimuma za poslovnice stranih banaka.
UPRAVLJANJE RIZIKOM U PRIVREDNIM DRUŠTVIMA
Authors: Čolović Vladimir
Published: October 2017

Rizik je budući i neizvesni događaj, odnosno, sa stanovišta privrednog društva, događaj koji može da izazove štetu. Zbog toga je od velike važnosti za privredno društvo da pravilno proceni rizik, da odredi njegovu vrstu, posledice koje bi izazvale njegovo ostvarenje, kao i metode zaštite od tog rizika. Ostvarenje rizika zavisi, na prvom mestu, od njegove prirode. Rizik se može i umnožavati, što otežava njegovu kontrolu. Kontrola rizika i mogućnost uticaja na njegovo ostvarenje, predstavlja jedan od najsloženijih poslova, ne samo privrednih društava, već i svih subjekata u jednom društvu. Rizik uvek preti, bez obzira iz čega se sastoji i kada se i gde može ostvariti. Veoma teško je definisati vrste rizika, obzirom da rizici imaju više osobina. No, najvažnije je odrediti da li se neki rizik, odnosno, njegovo ostvarenje može preneti na neko drugo lice (osiguravača) ili ne. Drugim rečima, da li jedno privredno društvo ima dovoljno sredstava da „pokrije“ ostvarenje rizika ili ne. Privredna društva poseduju sredstva koja mogu biti dovoljna da se pojedini rizici „smanje“. Isto tako, mnogi rizici se mogu kontrolisati ili eliminisati promenom delatnosti ili smanjenjem broja zaposlenih, itd. U svakom slučaju, u radu se izdvajaju tri metoda kontrole rizika od strane privrednog društva - pravnog lica. To su: metod kontrole šteta, metod finansiranja šteta i metod interne redukcije rizika. Sa druge strane, kontrola rizika će se uspešno sprovesti, ako se izabere i način koji će dovesti do efikasnog upravljanja tim rizikom. Ti načini su različiti u zavisnosti od toga, da li rizik kontroliše privredno društvo ili neko drugo lice. Ti načini su: a) upravljanje rizikom od strane privrednog društva, koje to čini stvaranjem sopstvenih fondova; b) transfer rizika na osiguravajuće društvo, što je najjednostavniji način; c) stvaranje uslova od strane osiguravajućih društava koji uspešno pokrivaju rizike; i d) prenos dela rizika između saosiguravača ili sa osiguravača na reosiguravača, odnosno, prenos portfelja osiguranja. Kao što se vidi, kad se govori o upravljanju rizikom, mora se govoriti i o zaključenju ugovora o osiguranju ovih rizika. U ovom radu se posvećuje pažnja i Direktivi EU „Solventnost II“. U zaključku autor navodi da je za jedno privredno društvo, pre svega, bitno pravilno definisanje metoda upravljanja rizikom.
ISTRAŽIVANJE EFIKASNOSTI STUDENTSKE SLUŽBE NA PRIMJERU SVEUČILIŠTA SJEVER, SVEUČILIŠNOG CENTRA VARAŽDIN
Authors: Cvetko Sandra , Hunjet Anica , Kozina Goran
Published: October 2017

Organizacija je skupina ljudi koja svojim naporom omogućuje ostvarenje nekog zajedničkog cilja. Organiziranje je proces koji ima dvije specifične strane, strukturu poduzeća i koordiniranje ljudskim resursima i one su veoma bitne i gotovo nezaobilazne u poslovnoj ekonomiji i suvremenom poslovnom svijetu. U tom kontekstu definicije promatra se i Sveučilište Sjever kao organizacijska jedinica sa svim svojim karakteristikama, odnosno prednostima i problemima. Bilo koja organizacija (proizvodna ili uslužna) ne može se zamisliti i poslovati te opstati na tržištu ukoliko ne vodi računa o pravilnom, pravovremenom i kvalitetnom odabiru organizacijske strukture, ali i održavanju i unapređenju iste. Sukladno rečenom i u organizaciji Sveučilišta Sjever uočavaju se različiti problemi koji sputavaju njegovu učinkovitost. Studentska služba kao jedna od organizacijskih cjelina doprinosi njegovom radu i vrlo je bitno za ukupno zadovoljstvo najvažnijih subjekata, a to su studenti, nastavnici i sve ostale zainteresirane strane.Dugogodišnjim radom u studentskoj službi, te prethodnim spoznajama, uočilo se da efikasnost poslova koje obavljaju studentske službe nisu na očekivanoj i zahtjevanoj razini, odnosno da je moguće preustrojem i nekim poboljšanjima podići njihovu efikasnost na višu razinu.Efikasnost i učinkovitost studentske službe određena je zadovoljstvom studenata kao i svih zainteresiranih strana, odnosno nastavnika, djelatnika, završenih studenata, poslodavaca, vanjskih suradnika i dr. Rad predstavlja analizu i istraživanje boljeg ustroja u cilju poboljšanja organizacije i efikasnosti rada studentske službe Sveučilišta Sjever.Nakon uočavanja i definiranja problema za ovo istraživanje pristupilo se prikupljanju podataka i informacija, kako bi se došlo do spoznaje o trenutnom stanju, a koje je načelno definirano kroz postavljene hipoteze. Ovim istraživanjem, putem anketa, ispitalo se koliko su studenti zadovoljni/nezadovoljni uslugama koje im svakodnevno pruža studentska služba. Smatraju li studenti Sveučilišta Sjever da studentska služba kvalitetno pruža usluge i stoji im na raspolaganju? Nakon prikupljenih podataka pristupilo se njihovoj analizi, odnosno proučavanju stanja kako bi se došlo do prijedloga za poboljšanje rada. U tom dijelu rada korišteni su različiti alati i metode kako bi se uočila optimalna varijanta rješenja.Rezultati istraživanja poslužit će kao putokaz za povećanje zadovoljstva studenata s radom studentske službe i poboljšanje efikasnosti rada studentske službe.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT MODEL - AN INNOVATIVE TOOL FOR BENCHMARKING THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
Authors: Topić Milan , Tschiggerl Karin , Biedermann Hubert
Published: October 2017

Energy management is becoming an important topic for companies around the world. It influences organizational and technical processes and behaviors in the company in order to reduce the operational total energy consumption, improve resource efficiency, implement legislative requirements, and improve their corporate image. ISO 50001 International Standard was introduced as a global standard for managing energy use through that provides the unified framework for energy management. This paper introduces and describes model methodology and innovative software tool for benchmarking the energy management system in industrial companies. The software is designed to illustrate the current energy management situation in the company, the estimation of target state and to identify the energy efficiency potentials. Using the benchmark methodology, the energy management is summarized in an assessment profile. The results can be used as a reference guide for Energy Managers or extern consultants to understand the requirements and to implement ISO Standard 50001 in their company. A case study of an Austrian foundry is empirically tested and presented in order to evaluate the efficiency of the developed model.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT, AN ISSUE VITAL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Tripunoski Mirko , Naumovski Vlado , Tripunoska Maja
Published: October 2017

Quality management is the management philosophy that emphasizes the need to improve the products and service in order to better exploit the resources of the organization, which requires continuous improvement in the quality of performance of all processes, products and services of an organization. The main bastion of quality-management is focusing on customers and is recognized as a fundamental component of development strategies for market competition. However, quality management in organizations is facing with dilemmas where managers prefer to organize day-to-day activities in a predictable and routine manner in which the change of stability is the natural order of things in the global living space of current operations. The organizations hardly open space for installation change by reducing their ability to change and innovation to increase efficiency in its operations. The authors of this study emphasize the question of why most of the changes in quality management are slow and simultaneously performed gradually while the organizations in the global economy require rapid and radical changes in the direction of using new techniques and technologies, introducing new products and services, making applicable strategy and structure, its own identity and culture. This is how these four types of changes basically realize competitive advantage where managers can ensure that each of the necessary ingredients for change in quality management is affordable and effective.Using technical innovation, as a tissue of the organizational structure that encourages autonomy of employees in the flow of ideas from the bottom upwards is of most interest to organizations. The change in strategy and structure in quality management and top-down approach, which is particularly applicable, are the scope of the administration that takes responsibility for the restructuring changes in the directions of operations, objectives and control systems. Culture, cultural identity and changes basically belong generally to the top managers in reengineering, change of horizontal forms of organization and organizational diversity and organization that teaches and guides the development of human and social aspects and use knowledge from behavioral science to bring real changes in attitudes and communications with consumers. Implementation of systems, methodology and metrology systems as quality builds confidentiality to anything that can be measured, because new technologies have made quality of the products and services are measured to the lowest values, therefore, today’s organizations require strong leadership to guide these processes.
CURRENT STATUS, PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA / TRENUTNO STANJE, ŠANSE I IZAZOVI ZA RAZVOJ LJUDSKIH RESURSA U OBLASTI KULTURE REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
Authors: Lajšić Helena
Published: October 2017

It is a special challenge to explore the status and possibilities of development of human resources in the culture of Republic of Srpska on the institutional level and the level of separate cultural activities and the level of cultural sector as well. The fact is that the socioeconomic circumstances in transitional processes are complex. In those processes, culture is often treated in the public discourse as a significant activator of social development and a representative of our values in the world. Therefore, it is clear that analysing this sector is of a great value. Interesting are the facts obtained through studying and reviewing the role and influence of human resources both globally and locally. Human resources management in all business systems is becoming completely different from what it used to be before. This is no longer understood as a mere functional activity but also as a new business philosophy to be applied on all managerial levels. In this century, human resources have not only been the key competitive advantage of every organisation, but also every country as well.The subject of this study refers to the evaluation of the current general situation in the cultural sector in Republic of Srpska, as well as problems, needs and prospects for development of human resources in the cultural institutions in Republic of Srpska. A special value of this scientific study refers to the sample encompassing institutions of different activities – archive, libraries, museums, theatres, cultural centres etc. The sample also includes the institutions outside the aforesaid ones, but which are also seen as institutions significant for the state. The data collected include employees in expert positions in a number of cultural institutions in Banja Luka, Prijedor, Eastern Sarajevo, Gradiška, Doboj, Novi Grad, Trebinje etc.This paper tries to give a general evaluation of the current status of the cultural sector and assessment of the future prospects. The paper will also try to give an answer to the issues such as where resources can be found for improvement of the general status of culture, what negative influences are and what is the level of cooperation with the industrial sector.
Neutralnost – pretpostavka efikasnosti PDV sistema
Authors: Antić Dinka
Published: October 2017

Neutralnost oporezivanja temelj je teorijskog koncepta poreza na dodanu vrijednost (PDV) u EU. Ujedno, predstavlja i sinonim za efikasnostsistema PDV-a u smislu eliminacije uticaja poreza na donošenje ekonomskih odluka. Nacionalni sistemi PDV-a u velikoj mjeri derogirajuteorijsku neutralnost PDV-a, čime ekonomske subjekte stavljaju u neravnopravan položaj na tržištu. Internacionalizacijom poslovanjakompanija na globalnom planu ukazala se potreba da se u okviru OECD kreiraju jedinstvene smjernice za kreiranje politike PDV-a kojebi trebalo da doprinesu eliminaciji distorzivnih segmenata nacionalnih PDV sistema. Na liniji OECD smjernica EU intenzivno radi napovećavanju stepena neutralnosti sistema PDV-a, simultano na dvije fronte – dogradnjom pravnog okvira PDV-a na nivou EU i obveznomprimjenom opsežnog case law evropskog suda pravde u članicama.
Mjesto neregulisane ekonomije u sistemu nacionalnih računa
Authors: Alibašić Hamid , Zarić Snježana
Published: October 2017

U svim zemljama postoje određene ekonomske aktivnosti koje zaobilaze državni sistem regulacije (tzv. neregulisana ekonomija). Teaktivnosti, iako nisu formalno-pravno registrovane, ostavljaju tragove u privrednim tokovima, pa ih je neophodno statistički obuhvatiti prilikomsastavljanja nacionalnih računa. Generalno, podaci o nivou ukupnog BDP-a bez uključene neregulisane ekonomije bi obezbjeđivalipogrešnu sliku o nivou razvijenosti privrede određene zemlje. U tom kontekstu, u ovom članku akcenat je stavljen na statistički pogledna neregulisanu ekonomiju. Obrazloženi su pojavni oblici neregulisane, odnosno neosmatrane ekonomije koji su identifikovani u okviruUN-ovog sistema nacionalnih računa. Kako sistem nacionalnih računa, zbog svog međunarodnog karaktera, pruža samo najopštije definicije,predstavljena su i dva najčešće primijenjivana analitička okvira za identifikaciju, mjerenje i uključivanje neosmatrane ekonomije unacionalne račune – ISTAT-ov i Eurostatov. Ovo je utoliko značajnije, jer i statističke agencije u BiH slijede preporuke evropske statistikei u obračun službenog BDP-a uključuju i korekciju za neregulisanu ekonomiju.
Politika „računovodstva otvorenih knjiga“ u odnosima između kupaca i dobavljača
Authors: Lučić Renata
Published: October 2017

Unapređenje troškovne efikasnosti lanca nabavke, stvaranje povjerenja u odnosima na relaciji kupac–dobavljač, te pružanje pomoćimenadžerima u utvrđivanju prioriteta i pronalaženju načina za ostvarenje prihoda iz ključnih resursa, osnovne su determinante politike„računovodstva otvorenih knjiga“. Ovaj oblik otvorene razmjene informacija o troškovima dragocjena je informaciona podrškameđuorganizacionom upravljanju troškovima u lancu nabavke, čime se otvara mogućnost značajnog popravljanja konkurentskog položajapreduzeća uključenih u ovaj poslovni aranžman. Uzimajući u obzir značaj ove tematike, cilj je da se u ovom radu objasni uloga koju politika„računovodstva otvorenih knjiga“ ima u odnosima između kupaca i dobavljača, te razlozi zbog kojih se preduzeća odlučuju da poslovnimpartnerima pruže uvid u dragocjene i dobro čuvane upravljačko-računovodstvene informacije. Ne zaboravljajući da svaka medalja imadvije strane, u radu će biti ukazano i na moguće negativne implikacije ovakve poslovne politike kojima su, prema rezultatima većineistraživanja, najviše izloženi dobavljači, te s tim u vezi identifikovana rješenja koja pružaju mogućnost minimiziranja potencijalnih rizikarealizacije ovakvog oblika poslovnog odnosa.
Strategijski pravci u prevazilaženju poslovnih kriza u malim i srednjim preduzećima
Authors: Narančić Branislava
Published: October 2017

Mala i srednja preduzeća u svom poslovanju suočavaju se sa velikim brojem različitih problema koji mogu dovesti do ozbiljnih poslovnihkriza. S obzirom na to da je poslovna kriza stanje koje dovodi u pitanje opstanak preduzeća, ono bi trebalo da preduzme potrebne mjereu pronalaženju načina njenog prevazilaženja. Veliki je broj strategijskih opcija koje menadžeri malih i srednjih preduzeća mogu iskoristitiu cilju prevazilaženja poslovnih kriza. Analizom dostupne literature u ovom radu smo pokušali da sumiramo ovih strategijskih opcija utri strategijska pravca, a to su: suočavanje sa poslovnom krizom – krizni menadžment, uklapanje u krizne strategije velikih preduzeća, iformiranje strateških alijansi sa drugim malim i srednjim preduzećima. Pored toga, u radu su objašnjeni i najčešći uzroci poslovnih krizau malim i srednjim preduzećima.
Povezanost finansijskog i statističkog sistema izvještavanja u javnom sektoru
Authors: Čegar Bobana
Published: October 2017

Računovodstvo javnog sektora ili računovodstvo države, kako se još naziva, pored sastavljanja uobičajenog seta finansijskih izvještaja,podrazumijeva i sastavljanje budžetskih izvještaja, ali i izvještaja koji predstavljaju statističke izvještaje o aktivnostima vlade i njenihinstitucija. Prolaskom kroz krizne periode, sa kojima se u istoriji svog postojanja susrela većina država, sve veća pažnja posvećuje seanaliziranju efikasnosti i efektivnosti javnog sektora. U traženju odgovora na pitanje da li je upravljanje javnim sektorom efikasno i da limože biti još efikasnije, u velikoj mjeri možemo se osloniti na navedene izvještaje.Predmet ovog rada je analiza odnosa između finansijskog i statističkog sistema izvještavanja, odnosno potrebe za usklađenošću izmeđuova dva sistema. Polazi se od hipoteze da se usklađivanjem sistema finansijskog izvještavanja i statističkih sistema izvještavanja stvarabolja informaciona osnova za donošenje odluka o upravljanju javnim finansijama.U cilju dokazivanja postavljene hipoteze biće korišćene kvalitativne metode. Koristiće se primarni podaci dobijeni primjenom anketnogupitnika popunjenog od strane računovođa u javnom sektoru, kao i pojednostavljen primjer poslovanja izvještajnog entiteta u javnom sektoru.Analiza se radi na području Republike Srpske, a dobijeni rezultati nedvosmisleno pokazuju da se postavljena hipoteza treba prihvatiti.
Centralizovane nabavke: ključni problemi u primjeni
Authors: Gajić Mladen R.
Published: October 2017

U posljednje vrijeme sve češće se čuje da se centralizacija nabavke promoviše kao idealno rješenje za antikoruptivnost, racionalizacijukorišćenja sredstava i sigurnost u plaćanju isporučene robe. Međutim, ne treba zanemariti činjenicu da centralizovane nabavke imajusvoje pozitivne i negativne strane, te ih je neophodno prepoznati i usmjeravati ka ostvarivanju politike nabavke.Centralizacija kao postupak nabavke može se posmatrati i na nivou poslovnog sistema, kao i na nivou više poslovnih sistema, kada seuspostavlja centralni nabavni organ. U postupcima nabavke više poslovnih sistema pojedinačni poslovni sistemi prepuštaju dio svojesamostalnosti te se uključuju u nabavke koje im mogu donijeti benefite, koje kao pojedinac na tržištu ne mogu ostvariti.U predmetnom radu se posmatra postupak nabavke na nivou poslovnog sistema kako bi se uočile relacije u tim postupcima. Na taj načinutvrđeni odnosi se prenose na nivo nabavke više poslovnih sistema da bi se definisali i riješili ključni problemi ovakvog načina nabavke.Sam postupak nabavke u pojedinačnim poslovnim sistemima i centralizaciji više poslovnih sistema, kao i njihove međusobne relacije,posmatraju se putem sistema 3P nabavke (planiranje, provođenje i praćenje).
Analiza finansijskih rezultata privrede u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2015. godini
Authors: Mikerević Dragan
Published: October 2017

Rad obuhvata analizu prinosnog, imovinskog i finansijskog položaja privrede u Bosni i Hercegovini (Republici Srpskoj i Federaciji BiH)u periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, što znači da nije obuhvatio i poslovanje privrede u Brčko Distriktu BiH. Analiza se zasniva nametodologiji koja se primjenjuje i za finansijsku analizu poslovnih entiteta.Rezultati analize pokazuju da se 2015. u odnosu na 2014. godinu prinosni, imovinski i finansijski položaj privreda Republike Srpske i FBiHpoboljšava.
Mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate via multiple paths to the same state
Authors: Briggs James Alexander , Li Victor C , Lee Seungkyu , Woolf Clifford J , Klein Allon , Kirschner Marc W
Published: October 2017

In embryonic development, cells differentiate through stereotypical sequences of intermediate states to generate particular mature fates. By contrast, driving differentiation by ectopically expressing terminal transcription factors (direct programming) can generate similar fates by alternative routes. How differentiation in direct programming relates to embryonic differentiation is unclear. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to compare two motor neuron differentiation protocols: a standard protocol approximating the embryonic lineage, and a direct programming method. Both initially undergo similar early neural commitment. Later, the direct programming path diverges into a novel transitional state rather than following the expected embryonic spinal intermediates. The novel state in direct programming has specific and uncharacteristic gene expression. It forms a loop in gene expression space that converges separately onto the same final motor neuron state as the standard path. Despite their different developmental histories, motor neurons from both protocols structurally, functionally, and transcriptionally resemble motor neurons isolated from embryos.
Tracking individual action potentials throughout mammalian axonal arbors
Authors: Radivojevic Milos , Franke Felix , Altermatt Michael , Müller Jan , Hierlemann Andreas , Bakkum Douglas J
Published: October 2017

Axons are neuronal processes specialized for conduction of action potentials (APs). The timing and temporal precision of APs when they reach each of the synapses are fundamentally important for information processing in the brain. Due to small diameters of axons, direct recording of single AP transmission is challenging. Consequently, most knowledge about axonal conductance derives from modeling studies or indirect measurements. We demonstrate a method to noninvasively and directly record individual APs propagating along millimeter-length axonal arbors in cortical cultures with hundreds of microelectrodes at microsecond temporal resolution. We find that cortical axons conduct single APs with high temporal precision (~100 µs arrival time jitter per mm length) and reliability: in more than 8,000,000 recorded APs, we did not observe any conduction or branch-point failures. Upon high-frequency stimulation at 100 Hz, successive became slower, and their arrival time precision decreased by 20% and 12% for the 100th AP, respectively.
DGPathinter: a novel model for identifying driver genes via knowledge-driven matrix factorization with prior knowledge from interactome and pathways
Authors: Xi Jianing , Wang Minghui , Li Ao
Published: October 2017

Cataloging mutated driver genes that confer a selective growth advantage for tumor cells from sporadic passenger mutations is a critical problem in cancer genomic research. Previous studies have reported that some driver genes are not highly frequently mutated and cannot be tested as statistically significant, which complicates the identification of driver genes. To address this issue, some existing approaches incorporate prior knowledge from an interactome to detect driver genes which may be dysregulated by interaction network context. However, altered operations of many pathways in cancer progression have been frequently observed, and prior knowledge from pathways is not exploited in the driver gene identification task. In this paper, we introduce a driver gene prioritization method called driver gene identification through pathway and interactome information (DGPathinter), which is based on knowledge-based matrix factorization model with prior knowledge from both interactome and pathways incorporated. When DGPathinter is applied on somatic mutation datasets of three types of cancers and evaluated by known driver genes, the prioritizing performances of DGPathinter are better than the existing interactome driven methods. The top ranked genes detected by DGPathinter are also significantly enriched for known driver genes. Moreover, most of the top ranked scored pathways given by DGPathinter are also cancer progression-associated pathways. These results suggest that DGPathinter is a useful tool to identify potential driver genes.
The appropriation of GitHub for curation
Authors: Wu Yu , Wang Na , Kropczynski Jessica , Carroll John M.
Published: October 2017

GitHub is a widely used online collaborative software development environment. In this paper, we describe curation projects as a new category of GitHub project that collects, evaluates, and preserves resources for software developers. We investigate: (1) what motivates software developers to curate resources; (2) why curation has occurred on GitHub; (3) how curated resources are used by software developers; and (4) how the GitHub platform could better support these practices. We conduct in-depth interviews with 16 software developers, each of whom hosts curation projects on GitHub. Our results suggest that the motivators that inspire software developers to curate resources on GitHub are similar to those that motivate them to participate in the development of open source projects. Convenient tools (e.g., Markdown syntax and Git version control system) and the opportunity to address professional needs of a large number of peers attract developers to engage in curation projects on GitHub. Benefits of curating on GitHub include learning opportunities, support for development work, and professional interaction. However, curation is limited by GitHub’s document structure, format, and a lack of key features, such as search. In light of this, we propose design possibilities to encourage and improve appropriations of GitHub for curation.
Comparison of human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in urine and cervical swab samples using the HPV GenoArray Diagnostic assay
Authors: Nilyanimit Pornjarim , Chansaenroj Jira , Karalak Anant , Laowahutanont Piyawat , Junyangdikul Pairoj , Poovorawan Yong
Published: October 2017

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. Urine-based HPV testing offers a simple and non-invasive method because of its increasing acceptance. A total of 164 pairs of cervical swab and urine samples from Thai women who underwent cervical cancer screening were used for HPV testing with HPV GenoArray Diagnostic Kits. The overall concordance percentage for HPV detection in the cervical swab and urine samples was 65.2%. The HPV genotypes most commonly detected were HPV16 and HPV18. An analysis of the urine samples and a second analysis of the cervical swab samples showed that the differences in the overall HPV detection rate between women with normal and abnormal cytology were not significant (p > 0.05). Urine samples processed with the GenoArray assay is an alternative for women who decline to undergo Pap smear even though it is not ideal as the first-line screening option.
Aortoenteric and Enterocaval Fistulas Secondary to a Duodenal Erosion Caused by a Prosthetic Vascular Graft
Authors: Hinojosa Carlos A. , Arzola Luis H. , Díaz-Marin Jesus , Gonzalez-Perez Gilberto , Jiménez José Víctor , Ramirez-Luna Miguel Angel , Anaya-Anaya Javier E.
Published: October 2017

Aortoenteric and enterocaval fistulas represent uncommon complications following vascular surgery. These typically occur secondary to intestinal wall erosion by the prosthetic grafts and materials, and it is associated with regional inflammation and infection. We herein present a patient who developed both of these rare complications caused by a polytetrafluroethylene inferior vena cava (IVC) graft a year after the resection of a rare metastatic Sertoli-Leydig retroperitoneal tumor and concomitant aortocaval reconstruction. The patient presented with herald gastrointestinal bleeding and gram-negative bacteremia; and a duodenotomy, graft removal followed by IVC ligation and repeat right aortoiliac reconstruction were performed. The patient recovered well and following the appropriate postoperative care he was discharged 6 days after surgery without any further vascular or gastrointestinal complications and with neoadyuvant chemotherapy.
Green's Function‐Based Tsunami Data Assimilation: A Fast Data Assimilation Approach Toward Tsunami Early Warning
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Satake Kenji , Maeda Takuto , Gusman Aditya Riadi
Published: October 2017

We propose a new tsunami data assimilation approach based on Green's functions to reduce the computation time for tsunami early warning. Green's Function‐based Tsunami Data Assimilation (GFTDA) forecasts the waveforms at points of interest (PoIs) by superposition of Green's functions between observation stations and PoIs. Unlike the previous assimilation approach, GFTDA does not require the calculation of the tsunami wavefield for the whole region during the assimilation process, because the Green's functions have been calculated in advance. The forecasted waveforms can be calculated by a simple matrix manipulation. The application to the tsunami waveforms recorded by the bottom pressure gauges of the Cascadia Initiative from the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake reveals that GFTDA achieves the same accuracy as the previous assimilation approach while reducing the time required to issue a valid tsunami warning.
In Vitro
Assays to Predict
In Vivo
Interactions of
P
‐Glycoprotein with Drugs
Authors: Volpe Donna A. , Balimane Praveen V.
Published: October 2017

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an efflux transporter that pumps endogenous and exogenous compounds out of cells. P‐gp limits drug absorption from the intestines, aids in drug excretion from the liver and kidneys, and prevents entry of drugs into the brain. Given that interactions of a drug with P‐gp can play an important part in its pharmacokinetic properties, there are efforts in early discovery and development to identify compounds as P‐gp substrates or inhibitors.
In vitro
assays are based on cell membranes (ATPase, vesicles) or intact cells (accumulation, bidirectional) expressing the P‐gp transporter. This chapter reviews these
in vitro
assays along with their advantages and limitations. In determining whether a new compound is a substrate or inhibitor of P‐gp during drug discovery and development, a tier approach provides a scheme where higher throughput assays lead to those with greater complexity. An important aspect of using
in vitro
P‐gp assays during drug discovery and development is that they need to be optimized and validated in order to have confidence in their outcomes in determining whether a new compound is a substrate or inhibitor of the efflux transporter. The use of acceptance criteria and negative and positive control substrates and inhibitors is discussed along with how different assay parameters can effect outcomes. In conclusion, well‐established
in vitro
P‐gp interaction assays are reasonably predictive of the
in vivo
P‐gp effects in the clinic.
Disclosure of Personalized Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Using Genetics, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Factors to Motivate Health Behavior Improvements: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Iversen Maura D. , Yu Zhi , Triedman Nellie A. , Prado Maria G. , Miller Kroouze Rachel , Kalia Sarah S. , Atkinson Michael L. , Mody Elinor A. , Helfgott Simon M. , Todd Derrick J. , Dellaripa Paul F. , Bermas Bonnie L. , Costenbader Karen H. , Deane Kevin D. , Lu Bing , Green Robert C. , Karlson Elizabeth W.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To determine the effect of disclosure of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk personalized with genetics, biomarkers, and lifestyle factors on health behavior intentions.

Methods

We performed a randomized controlled trial among first‐degree relatives without RA. Subjects assigned to the Personalized Risk Estimator for Rheumatoid Arthritis (PRE‐RA) group received the web‐based PRE‐RA tool for RA risk factor education and disclosure of personalized RA risk estimates, including genotype/autoantibody results and behaviors (n = 158). Subjects assigned to the comparison arm received standard RA education (n = 80). The primary outcome was readiness for change based on the trans‐theoretical model, using validated contemplation ladder scales. Increased motivation to improve RA risk–related behaviors (smoking, diet, exercise, or dental hygiene) was defined as an increase in any ladder score compared to baseline, assessed immediately, 6 weeks, and 6 months post‐intervention. Subjects reported behavior change at each visit. We performed intent‐to‐treat analyses using generalized estimating equations for the binary outcome.

Results

Subjects randomized to PRE‐RA were more likely to increase ladder scores over post‐intervention assessments (relative risk 1.23, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01, 1.51) than those randomized to nonpersonalized education. At 6 months, 63.9% of PRE‐RA subjects and 50.0% of comparison subjects increased motivation to improve behaviors (age‐adjusted difference 15.8%; 95% CI 2.8%, 28.8%). Compared to nonpersonalized education, more PRE‐RA subjects increased fish intake (45.0% versus 22.1%; P = 0.005), brushed more frequently (40.7% versus 22.9%; P = 0.01), flossed more frequently (55.7% versus 34.8%; P = 0.004), and quit smoking (62.5% versus 0.0% among 11 smokers; P = 0.18).

Conclusion

Disclosure of RA risk personalized with genotype/biomarker results and behaviors increased motivation to improve RA risk–related behaviors. Personalized medicine approaches may motivate health behavior improvements for those at risk for RA and provide rationale for larger studies evaluating effects of behavior changes on clinical outcomes, such as RA‐related autoantibody production or RA development.
Electronic‐Reconstruction‐Enhanced Tunneling Conductance at Terrace Edges of Ultrathin Oxide Films
Authors: Wang Lingfei , Kim Rokyeon , Kim Yoonkoo , Kim Choong H. , Hwang Sangwoon , Cho Myung Rae , Shin Yeong Jae , Das Saikat , Kim Jeong Rae , Kalinin Sergei V. , Kim Miyoung , Yang Sang Mo , Noh Tae Won
Published: October 2017

Quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons across ultrathin insulating oxide barriers has been studied extensively for decades due to its great potential in electronic‐device applications. In the few‐nanometers‐thick epitaxial oxide films, atomic‐scale structural imperfections, such as the ubiquitously existed one‐unit‐cell‐high terrace edges, can dramatically affect the tunneling probability and device performance. However, the underlying physics has not been investigated adequately. Here, taking ultrathin BaTiO3 films as a model system, an intrinsic tunneling‐conductance enhancement is reported near the terrace edges. Scanning‐probe‐microscopy results demonstrate the existence of highly conductive regions (tens of nanometers wide) near the terrace edges. First‐principles calculations suggest that the terrace‐edge geometry can trigger an electronic reconstruction, which reduces the effective tunneling barrier width locally. Furthermore, such tunneling‐conductance enhancement can be discovered in other transition metal oxides and controlled by surface‐termination engineering. The controllable electronic reconstruction can facilitate the implementation of oxide electronic devices and discovery of exotic low‐dimensional quantum phases.
2D Organic Materials for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Yang Fangxu , Cheng Shanshan , Zhang Xiaotao , Ren Xiaochen , Li Rongjin , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2017

The remarkable merits of 2D materials with atomically thin structures and optoelectronic attributes have inspired great interest in integrating 2D materials into electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, as an emerging field in the 2D‐materials family, assembly of organic nanostructures into 2D forms offers the advantages of molecular diversity, intrinsic flexibility, ease of processing, light weight, and so on, providing an exciting prospect for optoelectronic applications. Herein, the applications of organic 2D materials for optoelectronic devices are a main focus. Material examples include 2D, organic, crystalline, small molecules, polymers, self‐assembly monolayers, and covalent organic frameworks. The protocols for 2D‐organic‐crystal‐fabrication and ‐patterning techniques are briefly discussed, then applications in optoelectronic devices are introduced in detail. Overall, an introduction to what is known and suggestions for the potential of many exciting developments are presented.
3D Porous Hydrogel/Conducting Polymer Heterogeneous Membranes with Electro‐/pH‐Modulated Ionic Rectification
Authors: Bao Bin , Hao Junran , Bian Xiujie , Zhu Xuanbo , Xiao Kai , Liao Jingwen , Zhou Jiajia , Zhou Yahong , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2017

Heterogeneous membranes composed of asymmetric structures or compositions have enormous potential in sensors, molecular sieves, and energy devices due to their unique ion transport properties such as ionic current rectification and ion selectivity. So far, heterogeneous membranes with 1D nanopores have been extensively studied. However, asymmetric structures with 3D micro‐/nanoscale pore networks have never been investigated. Here, a simple and versatile approach to low‐costly fabricate hydrogel/conducting polymer asymmetric heterogeneous membranes with electro‐/pH‐responsive 3D micro‐/nanoscale ion channels is introduced. Due to the asymmetric heterojunctions between positively charged nanoporous polypyrrole (PPy) and negatively charged microscale porous hydrogel poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (P(AAm‐co‐AA)), the membrane can rectify ion transmembrane transport in response to both electro‐ and pH‐stimuli. Numerical simulations based on coupled Poisson and Nernst–Plank equations are carried out to explain the ionic rectification mechanisms for the membranes. The membranes are not dependent on elaborately fabricated 1D ion channel substrates and hence can be facilely prepared in a low‐cost and large‐area way. The hybridization of hydrogel and conducting polymer offers a novel strategy for constructing low‐cost, large‐area and multifunctional membranes, expanding the tunable ionic rectification properties into macroscopic membranes with micro‐/nanoscale pores, which would stimulate practical applications of the membranes.
Bioinspired Dynamic Wetting on Multiple Fibers
Authors: Wang Pengwei , Bian Ruixin , Meng Qing'an , Liu Huan , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2017

Natural fibers have versatile strategies for interacting with water media and better adapting to the local environment, and these strategies offer inspiration for the development of artificial functional fibers with diverse applications. Wetting on fibers is a dynamic liquid‐moving process on/in fibrous systems with various patterns, and the process is normally driven by the structural gradient, chemical gradient, elasticity of a single fiber, or the synergistic effect of these factors in multiple fibers in an integrated system in which the spatial geometry of the fibers is involved. Compared with the directional liquid movement on a single fiber, wetting on multiple fibers in both the micro‐ and macroscales is particularly fascinating, with various performances, including directional liquid transport, controllable liquid transfer, efficient liquid encapsulation, and capillary‐induced fibrous coalescence. Based on these properties, fibrous materials offer an alternative open system for liquid manipulation that is applicable to various functional liquid materials. Here, recent achievements in bioinspired dynamic wetting on multiple fibers are highlighted, and perspectives on future directions are presented.