bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated Serum Tumor Markers (HE4 and ROMA Score) and Increased Treg Cells Distinguished Ovarian Cancer and Benign Tumor
Authors: Hutapea Manuel , Syamsudin Syamsudin , Kurnia Iin , Fattah Miswar , Hikmat Ujang Saeful , Putri Vinessa Gracia
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Tumor markers such as human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) are frequently utilized for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Lymphocytes, essential immune cells, play a significant role in eliminating cancer cells. However, the precise correlation between tumor markers and lymphocytes remains incompletely elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between tumor markers and lymphocyte subtype profiles in differentiating ovarian cancer and benign tumors.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 12 ovarian cancer and 17 benign ovarian tumor patients. Blood samples were collected for the characterization of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK), and T regulatory (Treg), which were analyzed using flowcytometry. Additionally, tumor markers HE4 and CA-125 were measured from patient serum using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method.RESULTS: Benign ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer can be distinguished by a significant increase in HE4 levels (p=0.004), ROMA (p=0.004), and Treg cells (CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+, p=0.017). Furthermore, the correlation between tumor markers and lymphocytes indicates that an increase in ROMA was weakly correlated with an increase in the percentage of T regulatory cells (CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+, r=0.553, p=0.006) and B lymphocytes (CD19+, r=0.528, p=0.010), accompanied by a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes (CD3+, r=-0.598, p=0.003), T helper lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+, r=-0.594, p=0.003), and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+, r=-0.510, p=0.013).CONCLUSION: The elevation of serum tumor markers (HE4 and ROMA) accompanied by an increase in Treg cells can distinguish between benign ovarian tumor patients and ovarian cancer patients.KEYWORDS: tumor marker, CA-125, HE4, ROMA, subtype of lymphocytes, ovarian cancer
Combined Sleeve Gastrectomy and Omentoplasty Improves Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Nugroho Heri , Mughni Abdul , Putranto Indra Kusuma Adi , Prasetya Anggoro Teguh , Novitasari Vicky
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with obesity, which can lead to chronic inflammation. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a common treatment for obesity. Combining SG with omentoplasty, might help reducing inflammation in pancreatic beta cells. However, there is limited research regarding the combined effects of SG and omentoplasty in type 2 DM (T2DM). This study was conducted to fill this gap by evaluating the impact on body weight, insulin resistance, glucagon expression, and levels of interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in obese rats with type II DM.METHODS: An experimental study was conducted on 18 obese Wistar rats with DM that were randomized into: control, T1 (SG), and T2 (SG + omentoplasty). SG involved the surgical removal of a portion of the stomach to reduce its size, while omentoplasty utilized the omentum to target inflammation in pancreatic beta cells. Venous blood samples were taken from subjects one day before and ten days after the intervention to measure the biomedical parameters with various methods. Data was statistically analyzed using paired t-tests for pre-test and post-test differences, and Post Hoc tests or Mann-Whitney tests for hypothesis testing.RESULTS: All rats were confirmed to have obesity and DM according to the Lee index and blood glucose levels. T2 group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were lower, and glucagon expression, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were significantly greater compared to both control and T1 groups.CONCLUSION: The combination of SG and omentoplasty significantly improves inflammation and insulin resistance in obese rats with T2DM.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, sleeve gastrectomy, omentoplasty, inflammation, obesity
Biochanin A Has Protective and Therapeutic Effects against Li2CO3-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats Model
Authors: Alamri Zaenah Zuhair , Alfaifi Soliman Mohammed
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Long-term usage of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as treatment of bipolar disorder might cause nephrotoxicity. Li2CO3-induced nephrotoxicity usually treated by renal dialysis, which is quite expensive. Usage of natural products that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as biochanin A (BCA) may be useful against Li2CO3 nephrotoxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate Li2CO3 nephrotoxic effects and BCA therapeutic and protective effects against it.METHODS: Twenty-eight rats divided into 4 groups: negative control (NC), Li2CO3, Li2CO3 + BCA therapeutic, and BCA + Li2CO3 protective group. Complete blood picture, serum kidney function tests (urea, creatinine, and cystatin C) and kidney tissue homogenate oxidative stress index as malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. While, kidney histopathological changes were evaluated under light microscope.RESULTS: Li2CO3 administration elicited significant changes in hematological parameters as hypochromic anemia, decreased platelets and leukocytosis. Serum urea, creatinine and cystatin C were elevated. Renal homogenate analysis revealed significant elevation of MDA and decline in GST, CAT, SOD levels. Kidney histopathology analysis revealed hemorrhage between renal tubules, glomerular capillaries congestion, Bowman’s space dilatation, structural alterations in renal tubules cells include loss of brush border, deeply stained nuclei and elevated in size and number of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Therapeutic and protective groups of BCA showed amelioration of hematological alteration, kidney functions, oxidative stress markers and restoration of kidney tissues.CONCLUSION: BCA has both protective and therapeutic effects against Li2CO3-induced nephrotoxicity possibly through the reduction of oxidative stress.KEYWORDS: biochanin A, hematological changes, kidney, lithium carbonate salt, oxidative stress, protective effects, therapeutic effects
Arabic Learning Strategies Through Tiktok Entertainment Content to Attract Interest in Learning Arabic
Authors: Dinia Hima Roiku , Jannah Mawaddatul , Mustofa Syaiful , Helalsah Ibrahim
Published: June 2024

TikTok content is increasingly in demand by young people in Indonesia. Based on We Are Social data, Indonesia was recorded as the country with the second largest TikTok users in the world in January 2024, namely 109.90 million users with the majority being school-age children. Thus, this platform has the potential to be utilized as an innovative and modern medium for learning Arabic. This study aims to explore strategies for learning Arabic through TikTok in attracting interest in the language using descriptive qualitative observation techniques. The researcher conducted an in-depth analysis of the learning content and the audience's response through the comments column. The results of this research indicate that strategies for learning Arabic through TikTok that collaborate with the latest trends followed by young people can attract students' interest in learning. The recommendation is that learning Arabic through TikTok engages audiences and provides a dynamic and modern learning environment.
((D)(E-)) Valuation of the EU’s “Moral Power” in the European Neighbourhood (Policy) (ENP)
Authors: Vasilyan Syuzanna
Published: June 2024

Inspirado en la Nueva Guerra Fría entre Rusia y Occidente desde 2014, este artículo se basa en la teoría moral que gira en torno al marco conceptual del “poder moral” que procede teóricamente del poder “civil”/“normativo/”ética” europeo. Este se aplica a la (Política) Europea de Vecindad (ENP) como un caso de prueba principal compuesto de estudios de casos atomiza- dos en un terreno geográfico caracterizado por la agitación política, de seguridad y económica.
Ontológicamente, el artículo une el neorrealismo, el constructivismo y la teoría crítica para explicar los últimos acontecimientos en la vecindad política de la UE. Epistemológicamente, se basa en las trayectorias exterior/interior, ascendente, entrante/saliente para captar la dinámica local, la interacción regional y el contexto global. Metodológicamente, lleva a cabo un discurso cualitativo y un análisis de contenido cuantitativo que trasciende los giros “pragmáticos” y “narrativos” hacia el interpretativismo.
Este artículo a) demuestra la transición teórica del “poder normativo de Europa” (NPE) al “poder moral” que deconstruye las normas centrales y secundarias de la NPE y b) anatomiza la ENP a través de los siete “parámetros” de la “moralidad”, a saber, consecuencialismo, coherencia, consistencia, equilibrio entre valores e intereses, estabilidad normativa, inclusión y legitimidad externa, y el tipo relevante de “poder”, es decir, “potencial”, “real” y “actualizado”. De este modo, “construye” una pirámide que compartimenta las normas de la UE de acuerdo con una supuesta moralidad objetiva, una ética relativa y una normatividad subjetiva. En última instancia, más allá de la realpolitik, el artículo muestra el agotamiento de la ENP, que induce la (de) valuación del “poder moral” de la UE a través de “digresiones normativas”: corro­sión, derogación, desviación, perversión, erosión, conversión, subversión en conjunto con “distorsiones morales”: moralmente uti­litarias, inmorales, antimorales, amorales, inmorales, no morales y moralistas.
Interdisciplina y Design Thinking en la formación del diseño gráfico: métodos para favorecer la generación de ideas
Authors: González Bello Edgar Oswaldo , López Cruz Edna Yanina , Morales-Holguín Arodi
Published: June 2024

En la formación del diseño gráfico, se han considerado distintos métodos para favorecer la generación de ideas; sin embargo, el Design Thinking ha destacado tanto en la enseñanza, como en la profesión como una forma de fomentar la interdisciplina, la colaboración y ciertas habilidades como la creatividad.
Las ciencias de la complejidad como aproximación a la morfogenética en el diseño arquitectónico; robusteciendo el modelo de diálogo disciplinar
Authors: Sánchez García Juan Andrés
Published: June 2024

El diseño es un evento raro, impredecible y hasta cierto punto se mantiene como una ciencia de lo imposible que debe estar basado en el asombro, en la incertidumbre, en escenarios múltiples, entre otros, y romper las tendencias y universalidades, para que la imaginación y el diseño cobren protagonismo en procesos que ya no son propios de la arquitectura porque se ha perdido la capacidad de asombro en el mundo contemporáneo.
Desafíos para gestionar accesibilidad y equidad en el sistema movilidad urbana. Análisis en tres escalas geográficas de un subcentro educativo
Authors: Soto Canales Karina
Published: June 2024

El presente documento aborda la relación de la movilidad urbana y la desigualdad, para lo cual, se destaca la relevancia de la construcción del sistema complejo de dicho fenómeno para reconocer: elementos, estructuras, fronteras y ambientes.
El imaginario urbano y las emociones en la ciudad desde un enfoque sistémico
Authors: González González Oscar A. , Sosa Compeán Liliana B. , Vázquez Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: June 2024

Las ciudades, como sistemas complejos adaptativos, son dinámicas y cambiantes, compuestas por elementos y actores interconectados.
El proceso de comunicación del parque urbano dentro del sistema-ciudad y sus prospectivas desde la entropía
Authors: Escamilla Galindo Livier Olivia
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo presenta algunas aproximaciones que abonan a la comprensión del sistema-ciudad al focalizarnos en los parques urbanos bajo una perspectiva derivada del proceso de comunicación pero aplicándolo a un contexto urbano.
Recovery Capital and Community Integration Among a Sample of Formerly Incarcerated Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: O’Sullivan Deirdre , Brehmer Chelsea E. , Baumunk Megan , Strauser David R.
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the impact of recovery capital (RC) on community integration (CI) among a sample of adults formerly incarcerated. A sample of 78 participants who identified as being in recovery from substance use disorder and having been previously incarcerated completed a survey asking about their RC and CI. Results of a hierarchical regression model investigating the relationship between RC and CI revealed a significant model, accounting for 27% of the variance in CI. Results provide support for considering aspects of RC, particularly social support, when facilitating reentry and reintegration for individuals who have experienced incarceration. Results also reveal that people who identified as multiracial reported significantly lower levels of CI.
Dating Violence Among Chinese College Students: Unaided Victims and Legal Lacunae
Authors: Gao Fang
Published: June 2024

This research draws on literature review and case analyses revealed that the main reasons for Chinese dating violence’s high prevalence are the long-term influence of patriarchy and gender culture and low recognition and awareness of the issue among students. Current Anti-domestic Violence Act does not apply to dating violence rendering victims devoid of preventive skills or relief recourse critiqued. Research exploring the lack of education on intimate partner violence in colleges has made students oblivious to the risks. Finally, the review provides detailed recommendations on expanding the practical scope of the Anti-domestic Violence Act to include dating violence and provide judges with clarification on the relevant elements of a dating relationship and cooperation of the legal system and education system in preventing dating violence.
Common and Unique Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Assigned Female at Birth
Authors: Whitton Sarah W. , Swann Gregory , Newcomb Michael E.
Published: June 2024

Sexual and gender minority youth assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) are at disproportionately high risk for intimate partner violence victimization (IPVV), yet remain understudied. Using two time points of data collected from 367 SGM-AFAB young people (aged 16–31 years), we tested whether common, general population risk factors (childhood violence, depression, alcohol and cannabis use, and low social support) and unique stigma-related factors (enacted stigma, microaggressions, and internalized stigma) prospectively predicted psychological, physical, sexual, and identity abuse IPVV in the following 6 months. Results indicated that some traditional risk factors, including child abuse, depression, cannabis use, and low social support, raise IPVV risk among SGM-AFAB youth. Microaggressions and internalized stigma represent additional, unique IPVV risk factors in this population. SGM-affirmative efforts to prevent IPVV should address these common and SGM-specific risk factors.
Integrated Curriculum Management in Integrated Undergraduate Programs
Authors: Didi Maslan  , Afrahul Fadhila Daulai  , Sapri
Published: June 2024

This research aims to analyze program factors, implementation, evaluation and barriers to curriculum integration between Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah and the Faculty of Islamic Religion (FAI) Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra (UMSU) in the Integrated Undergraduate Program. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Research findings show; 1) The curriculum integration program between Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah and FAI UMSU in the Integrated Undergraduate Program is a strategic collaboration to provide service diplomas to students, as well as facilitate students to continue higher education and improve the quality of Islamic education. 2) Implementation of curriculum integration between Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah and FAI UMSU in the Integrated Undergraduate Program is carried out through three aspects, namely integration of lecture schedules, integration of courses, and integration of assessments. 3) Evaluation of curriculum integration between Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah and FAI UMSU in the Integrated Undergraduate Program is carried out every semester. This program is able to provide positive impacts such as stability in student numbers, increasing student interest in learning, increasing the number of students with various abilities. 4) Obstacles in implementing curriculum integration between Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah include; lack of communication and coordination, time and cost constraints, delays and division of focus, curriculum changes, and students' perceptions of the value of knowledge.
Anatomía de hojas de pasto salado (Distichlis spicata L.) con riego y sin riego
Authors: Ledea-Rodríguez José Leonardo , Murillo-Amador Bernardo , Troyo-Dieguez Enrique , Nieto-Garibay Alejandra , Reyes-Pérez Juan José
Published: June 2024

Distichlis spicata is a gramineous halophyte species that grow around the coastal areas. The objective of the study was to identify the modifications in the anatomical structure of stomates of the D. spicata leaf epidermis, cultivated with irrigation and without irrigation conditions. Two populations were selected, 1) plants of D. spicata with irrigation and 2) plants of D. spicata without irrigation. Ten plants per replication were selected from each population, and from each selected plant, the fourth leaf was taken. Each leaf was cut longitudinally into four segments which were dried and analyzed using an Electronic Scanning Microscope. The variables measured were the stomatal density, length, and width of stomates and pores, the stomatal area, the proportion of the pore area concerning the size of the stomata, and the stomata proportion per surface. The results showed that D. spicata populations with irrigation and without irrigation showed anatomical modifications in the structure of stomates in the adaxial epidermis but not in the abaxial epidermis. In the adaxial epidermis, the plants with irrigation showed higher values of stoma length, stoma width, stoma area and pore length, while plants without irrigation showed higher values of proportion pore/stoma and stomatal density. The D. spicata plants without irrigation showed small stomates than plants with irrigation, also, the plants without irrigation, increased the accumulation of salt crystals in the abaxial epidermis.
Patógenos causantes de la pudrición de raíz en guanábana (Annona muricata L.), en Nayarit, México
Authors: Cambero-Ayón Carlos Bryan , Rios-Velasco Claudio , Luna-Esquivel Gregorio , López-Guzmán Graciela Guadalupe , Estrada-Virgen Mario Orlando , Cambero-Campos Octavio Jhonathan
Published: June 2024

In commercial soursop orchards in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, trees with apparent symptoms of root rot are observed, without the causal agent being known. Therefore, the objective of the research was to identify the fungi that cause soursop root rot. From January 2020 to January 2021, in orchards of Compostela and San Blas, Nayarit, from two trees with symptoms of possible root rot, root sections with rot were collected. Microorganisms associated with the disease were isolated and identified to carry out pathogenicity tests in one-year-old soursop trees. Fusarium falciforme and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were identified as root pathogens, both fungi are reported for the first time in this fruit tree and for Mexico.
Horn presence determines social rank in Dorper rams
Authors: Calderon-Leyva Guadalupe , Sifuentes-Lamont Pablo Ivan , Contreras-Villarreal Viridiana , Angel-Garcia Oscar , Moreno-Avalos Silvestre , Veliz-Deras Francisco Gerardo , Alvarado Espino Alan Sebastian
Published: June 2024

The aim was to determine if the presence of horns on rams defines whether they are high-ranking or low-ranking. Dorper rams (n = 20) were evaluated to determine their social rank (SR), either high (HSR) or low (LSR), under intensive management conditions. Upon SR classification, the morphometric variables horns presence (HP) or absence (HA) and distance between them, the height at the withers, body length, thoracic perimeter, and scrotal circumference, male odor, body weight, and body condition score were registered. Afterward, semen evaluations were performed, recording the ejaculated volume, sperm concentration, and mass motility. There were no differences (p > 0.05) for the morphometric variables between the groups. However, HP as well as semen quality were higher (p < 0.05) in HSR males. The presence of horns in the rams determined their social rank and the dominant males showed better semen quality than the subordinate males.
Efetividade e custos de modelos de cuidados transitórios em atenção domiciliar: revisão integrativa
Authors: Barbosa de Castro Edna Aparecida , Lina van Keulen Maria do Socorro , Santiago Vieira Carolina , Andrade Angélica Mônica , Trindade Toledo Sandra Trindade Toledo , Santos Guimarães Joanilson , Silva Kênia Lara
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: analisar efetividade e custos de modelos de cuidados transitórios em atenção domiciliar de pacientes com condições agudas e crônicas comparados a outras modalidades. Método: revisão integrativa de uma amostra de 18 artigos dentre os 278 pesquisados em sete bases de dados. Resultados: Destacaram-se, em 15 modelos de cuidados transitórios, os de: reabilitação; terapêuticas parenterais; acompanhamento de doenças crônicas; pós-operatórios e internação domiciliar. Foram efetivos para tratar condições agudas ou crônicas agudizadas; simplificar acesso a hospital; prevenir readmissões; reduzir tempo de internação; ampliar adesão em reabilitação ambulatorial, reduzir mortalidade e melhorar estado emocional/sobrecarga do cuidador. O principal componente de custo foi os valores de diárias. Em nove estudos, os modelos significaram quedas no custo geral com internação. Conclusão: Cuidados transitórios em Atenção Domiciliar possibilitam a continuidade do tratamento com efetividade e economia para provedores e sistemas de saúde.
Political-Economic Comparison of The World Bank and The New Development Bank
Authors: Widjanarko Yeremia Nicolaus
Published: June 2024

Although stated as one of the influential actors in international relations and discussed in many previous studies, MDB had yet to be comprehensively depicted. Through this research, the author intended to fill this gap by comparing the World Bank as a traditional MDB and the New Development Bank as a Neo MDB within the international economic order. By comparing the political and economic anatomy such as ownership structure, distribution of voting power in decision-making, establishment objectives, types of financing services, operational coverage, sources of funding, private sector options, and service customization and examining them using an organizational political-economy approach, the author found both MDBs had significant differences in carrying out their functions as cross-border financial institutions.
Metaverso, ciberespacio y seguridad: los proyectos de China y Japón
Authors: Moreno Cantano Antonio César
Published: June 2024

Este artículo analiza cómo el poder militar de diferentes actores internacionales proyecta sus operaciones y capacidades operativas futuras a través del metaverso. Analizaremos la importancia de este elemento dentro del ciberespacio a partir de la teoría de la presión lateral. Para ello, nuestro marco metodológico se centrará en el estudio descriptivo y contextual de los principales planes de defensa de signo tecnológico de países como China y Japón. Como conclusiones, se puede resaltar la creciente preocupación internacional por el control del universo virtual por sus enormes potencialidades militares.
Comunicación, globalidad e influencia en el metaverso: el caso asiático
Authors: Sidorenko Bautista Pavel , Herranz de la Casa José María , Cabezuelo Lorenzo Francisco
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo muestra cómo desde Asia se ha asumido el metaverso como un nuevo canal de comunicación por parte de las administraciones gubernamentales. Se desarrolla una metodología consistente en un proceso de búsquedas digitales mediante términos clave ligados al ámbito del metaverso, gobernabilidad y comunicación. Finalmente, de todos los resultados obtenidos, la muestra consta de siete experiencias virtuales funcionales y operativas durante el primer semestre del año 2023. Los casos analizados son Metanesia (Indonesia), Metaverse Seoul (Corea del Sur), Metaverse Dubai (Dubai), Metaverse Thailand (Tailandia), ChangiVerse (Singapur), SentosaLand (Singapur) y MetaTokyo (Japón). Los principales resultados apuntan a una búsqueda por crear metaversos propios, lejos de plataformas existentes, la escasa intención de procurar experiencias inmersivas y la clara intencionalidad de recurrir a lo virtual para explotar la narrativa turística y de promoción de activos digitales.
Rapid southward range expansion of the Fairy Gerygone – a consequence of climate change?
Authors:   Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia, Noske Richard
Published: June 2024

Until the 1920s, the Australian range of the Fairy Gerygone Gerygone palpebrosa was thought to extend south from Cape York to Cardwell (18.3°S), Queensland. However, by 1981 the species was known to occur as far south as Tin Can Bay (25.9°S), and, by 1990, the Sunshine Coast (26.6°S). Sightings of individuals in the Brisbane region (27.5°S), 170 km south of Tin Can Bay, during 2011 and 2012 prompted a review of the southern range limits of the species, and consideration of causes for its southward range expansion. I collated records south of the 26°S parallel using three databases (eBird, WildNet and Atlas of Living Australia), then selected 30 sites that represented their spatial and temporal extent, noting their elevation, distance to the nearest coastline or watercourse, and vegetation according to the Regional Ecosystem classification. Sightings in the Brisbane region have been mostly along rivers or creeks emptying into Moreton Bay, suggesting that dispersal occurs southward along the coast, then inland via watercourses. Rather than being gradual, range expansion in this species has been characterised by ‘leaps’ of 45–59 km at intervals of 6–16 years. Since the early 1970s, at least five other tropical bird species have expanded their range southwards to Coastal Central Queensland. The most likely explanation for such range expansions is birds exploiting ‘new’ areas with suitable thermal regimes that have become available due to global warming. In the Fairy Gerygone, this process may be facilitated by (1) this species’ partiality for forest edge and riparian habitats, and (2) reduced competition with other gerygone species due to differences in preferred habitats and bill morphology.
Acceptability of Fudgy Brownies with Carob Powder Substitution
Authors: Karimah Kamilia , Mahmudatussa’adah Ai , Patriasih Rita
Published: June 2024

Cokelat merupakan produk yang populer dan digemari oleh masyarakat. Tingginya permintaan cokelat tidak sejalan dengan produksi cokelat yang menurun akibat perubahan iklim sehingga harga cokelat semakin meningkat. Cokelat digunakan dalam berbagai produk pastry seperti fudgy brownies. Fudgy brownies memiliki karakteristik padat, lembab serta memiliki rasa dan aroma cokelat yang kuat. Carob powder dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti cokelat karena memiliki karakteristik sensori rasa dan warna yang mirip dengan cokelat serta harga yang lebih murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan penggunaan carob powder sebagai substitusi cokelat dalam pembuatan fudgy brownies serta hasil daya terima masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode true eksperimental melalui tahapan analisis resep, pengembangan produk, uji QDA (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis) dan uji daya terima. Hasil yang didapatkan untuk formula resep standar fudgy brownies substitusi carob powder yaitu carob powder dapat menggantikan 50% dari total cokelat bubuk yang digunakan. Karakteristik sensori fudgy brownies substitusi carob powder memiliki aroma dan rasa cokelat yang kuat dengan warna cokelat kehitaman. Hasil daya terima menunjukkan bahwa fudgy brownies substitusi carob powder dapat diterima oleh masyarakat.
Kata-kata kunci: Daya Terima, Fudgy Brownies, Carob Powder
THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF ALMOND FLOUR WITH SOYBEAN FLOUR ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ACCEPTABILITY OF MARZIPAN
Authors: Azizah Dinda Marifatul , Singamurni I Gusti Ayu Ngurah , Alsuhendra
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of soybean flour substitution on marzipan making on physical properties and consumer acceptability. This research was conducted at the Pastry and Bakery Laboratory of the Culinary Education Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Jakarta. The sample in this study was soybean flour substitution marzipan with a percentage of 50%, 60%, 70%. This research was conducted with an experimental method, namely testing the density and acceptability of consumers conducted on 30 rather trained students of the Culinary Education Study Program with assessment aspects including aspects of color, sweetness, aroma, softness, stickiness, and elasticity. The results of the density value study were analyzed using calipers and digital scales that showed the substitution of soybean flour in marzipan with a percentage of 0% having a high density of 1.27 g / cm3. The consumer acceptance test analyzed by the Friedman test showed that there was no influence on the aspects of color, sweetness, aroma, softness, and stickiness which resulted in the substitution of soybean flour in marzipan with a percentage of 70% preferred, but there was an influence on the aspect of elasticity so that continued with the Tuckey's test which resulted in the substitution of soybean flour in marzipan with a percentage of 70% preferred by the panelists.
Safety Aspects in H2 Pipeline Design
Authors: Di Padova A. , Tallone F.
Published: June 2024

In the process of decarbonization and transition from fossil fuels to green and renewable sources, a key role has been recognized for hydrogen, however concerns remain regarding its safety, due to hydrogen high reactivity.

Hydrogen is characterized by a wide flammability range and a lower ignition energy, and it is also able to self-ignite upon release and to have unconfined explosions and detonation. Furthermore, hydrogen can induce degradation mechanisms in equipment materials that are not induced by natural gas, one of the main energy vectors currently used. As a result, equipment handling hydrogen can have higher failure frequencies compared to those handling natural gas.

These factors must be taken into account when considering the establishment of a hydrogen distribution network throughout Europe, where safety distance between parallel pipelines and population shall be granted.

This paper provides insight into the safety aspects of H2 pipelines focusing on two of the main constraints in the pipeline design: distance among parallel pipelines and distance from buildings and areas where human activities are present.

To establish the above-mentioned safety distances, the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) technique is applied. Analyzing literature data and documentation available, the main uncertainties related to H2 QRA are investigated and solved. This process assesses pipeline failure frequencies, ignition probabilities and consequence modelling.

Finally, a case study has been developed to compare the results obtained for a hydrogen pipeline with those obtained for a Natural Gas pipeline with the same route and geometric characteristics.
Importance of Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM) in CCS Applications
Authors: Speranza Alessandro , Luna-Ortiz Eduardo , Flynn Nick
Published: June 2024

CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is increasingly relied upon as a significant contributor to the overall reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the transportation and injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) presents significant challenges to engineers, in terms of risk mitigation for the facilities, economics, and feasibility.

This paper focuses on the thermo-hydraulic connection between surface facilities and reservoir characteristics such as size, permeability, porosity, which ultimately determines the total amount of stored CO2, and the maximum achievable flow rates. As reservoir conditions and the number, type, and size of emitters change over time, this connection plays a key role in the overall feasibility of the project. Furthermore, we examine how the presence of different impurities may add significant uncertainty, which requires careful evaluation of the mixture's physical and thermodynamic properties. This approach ensures the asset's physical constraints are correctly taken into account.

Through the novel use of a flexible life-of-field (LOF) simulator, based on first principles and rigorous thermodynamics, we show that a holistic approach to modelling the whole asset comprised of surface facilities as well as subsurface stores, represents a crucial tool to design, plan and optimize the performance of the CCS hub. Based on the simulation of various case studies with different scenarios, we identify the physical constraints of the asset, and highlight methods and strategies to solve the challenges that may hinder the feasibility and sustainability of the project in the long term. The combined modelling integration of process, production, and injection facilities (e.g., pumps, compressors, heaters, pipelines, and wells), a simplified representation of the reservoir, and rigorous thermodynamics enable us to evaluate and compare different operating strategies from various angles. These include power and pressure requirements, achievable injection rates, and estimation of the overall project lifecycle, while monitoring the facility's flow assurance and integrity risks. As boundary conditions change, the continuity of flow between transport and injection facilities determines a variability in thermohydraulic behaviour that can only be examined using an integrated asset modelling (IAM) approach. Furthermore, the unique thermodynamic properties of CO2, combined with the variability of the concentration's impurities, adds complexity to effectively evaluate the design and operating strategies. Such complexity implies that simple non-compositional approaches are ill-suited for evaluating the feasibility of the project.
NGL Recovery Enhancements from Recycling Sweet Gas
Authors: Aldahan R. F.
Published: June 2024

This report discusses experienced lower C2 / C2+ recovery in NGL recovery unit of Saudi Aramco Khursaniyah Gas Plant Department (KGPD). The experienced lower recoveries were due to the unplanned outage of HP gas and no available HP gas feed to NGL plant. This led to uneven flow distribution of the gas through splits and turbo expander side which ultimately led to lower utilization of critical heat integrations affecting the temperature profile of the demethanizer column and eventually led to a lower C2 recovery overall. However, KGP has evaluated and applied an initiative solution of recycling over 100 MMSCFD of sweet gas back to the NGL train through the start-up line. The innovative solution boosted the C2 recovery to 95% from 84%. This special mode of operation of recycling sweet gas held for 8 days and after preforming the enhancement it was observed that NGL production was increased by 6.5 MBD with a total quantity of 52,000 BBL. Moreover, fuel gas quality improved as a result of lower C2+ components resulted in CO2 avoidance by 52% which represents a reduction of to 70 KTons of CO2.
Toward 2050: Critical Analysis of Energy and Economic Requirements of Carbon Capture and Storage in Post Combustion Capture
Authors: Parisi P. , Arca S. , Ciulla M. , Morodei F. , Palozzo W. , Di Profio P. , D'Alessandro E.
Published: June 2024

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) Net Zero report of 2023, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is projected to achieve an 8% reduction in cumulative emissions, with an estimated capacity of 6 billion tons per year by 2050.

The purpose of this work is to estimate the magnitude of effort required to meet this projection, both from an economic and an energy point of view.

Based on the post-combustion process of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant and using Shell-Cansolv proprietary DC-103 solvent as a reference capture agent, an analysis of the energy requirements and economic costs associated with this technology has been conducted. This analysis includes parameters such as the energy surplus required for CO2 capture, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) of the plant. Costs related to CO2 transport and storage have not been considered.

The values obtained, applied to the IEA's climate neutrality goals, are essential for understanding the operational and economic challenges of post-combustion capture. In particular, considering the important role of CCS in the IEA report and considering the calculation made with the reference data, about 5000 plants would need to be built by 2050, equivalent to an average of nearly 200 plants annually. This would require an investment of $1.24 trillion according by the current available technologies. Moreover, an additional energy cost of about 25% for the CCGT plant would be required to capture the CO2 that has been emitted for the power production. This could also result in additional CO2 emissions, thereby reducing the net capture capacity of the system.

These data illustrate the scale of commitment required to achieve the ambitious climate-neutrality goals, in which significant amount of economic efforts and energy resources will have to be drawn upon. It also highlights the urgency of investing in more efficient and sustainable CO2 capture technologies and strategies.

This study provides quantitative data that can be useful in making informed decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of CCS technologies.
Measuring Diffusion Coefficient of Hydrogen in Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Blbas Zhirko , Hagemann Birger , Michelsen Julia , Ganzer Leonhard
Published: June 2024

Due to the rapid expansion of renewable energy required to meet the 2050 net-zero target, hydrogen has been recognized as a clean and low-carbon fuel. When it is produced by electrolysis from renewable electricity it is referred to as ‘’green hydrogen’’. While the energy production from solar and wind power plants varies greatly over time and rarely meets both the daily and seasonal demand a reliable technology for energy storage must be established. In this context, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) shows an efficient solution for the long-term storage of energy. For the planning and operation of UHS in porous geological formations, it is very important to know the movement and mixing of the injected hydrogen with the initial gas in place. Mixing can be driven by advective flow but also by diffusive flux during idle periods. This paper is focused on determining the effective binary diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and methane under representative gas storage conditions.

In total, seven diffusion measurements were carried out for two sandstone samples (Berea and Bentheimer). A modified core flooding cell was used for these measurements. A semi- steady-state diffusive flux was ensured by connecting one end face of the sample to a chamber filled with the first gas and flowing the second gas along the other end face. The composition of the outflowing gas was analyzed by gas chromatography. Measurements were performed under typical gas storage conditions in a pressure range from 10 to 100 bar and at 25 and 40°C. The saturation state of the samples was dry. Each measurement was analyzed by a comparison to a simulation model and the effective diffusion coefficient was determined.

The range of measured effective diffusion coefficients is from 6.5 * 10−8 m2/s to 3.7 * 10−7 m2/s. Repeated measurements under the same conditions are in good agreement, what validates the measurement procedure. The results indicate a decreasing behavior of the effective diffusion coefficient with increasing pressure and temperature in the considered ranges. The findings gained in this study allow a better estimation of the diffusive contribution to the gas mixing during UHS.
Techno-Economic Optimization of Underground Hydrogen Storage in Aquifers
Authors: Amiri Behzad , Ghaedi Mojtaba , Andersen Pål Østebø , Luo Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

Due to the increasing demand for hydrogen (H2) as an energy carrier, the concept of underground hydrogen storage in aquifers has been suggested. However, there are serious concerns about its economic feasibility. For this purpose, an effective development strategy is crucial considering both the technical and economic aspects of this storage operation. Accordingly, our objective here is to investigate the use of an optimization workflow to maximize both H2 storage and the Net Present Value (NPV), and consequently obtain an optimal reservoir development strategy.

This research will employ the structural model of the Norne field, which is filled with water to represent the target aquifer for H2 storage operation. H2 storage is performed from one well, starting with CO2 and H2 injection as the cushion gases. Subsequently, cycles of H2 injection and production will be continued for 30 years. For optimal reservoir management, we introduce an optimization workflow, which consists of a set of decision variables, an objective function, and an optimization algorithm. NPV, as part of the objective function, encompasses expenses and revenues associated with capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX), including well drilling, CO2 and H2 injection, H2 production, water production, and H2 purification. The genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to optimize several operational parameters (as the decision variables) in a specified sequence, including the injection and production rates, the cushion gas volume, and the idle time in each cycle.

After undergoing 50 generations of reproduction with a population of 50 individuals in the optimization process, the maximum NPV achieved was 15.68 billion USD, using the optimal development method. In this instance, H2 was chosen as the primary cushion gas, while CO2 was used sparingly to achieve a recovered H2 purity level ranging from 93% to 99.9%. The level of purity decreased to 50% in the worst-case scenario of optimization. Furthermore, the H2 was injected at the maximum safe rate, resulting in a 96% recovery compared to the worst-case scenario where only 81% of the total injected H2 was recovered. Whereas the total amount of injected H2 in the worst scenario was around 25% of the optimal situation.
Qualification of Downhole Safety Valves for Use in Underground Hydrogen Storage Wells
Authors: Busollo C. , Abdo E. , Baronio E. , Starinieri C.
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen, as an energy vector, presents an opportunity to accelerate the energy transition movement, while ensuring both energy sufficiency and security. The acceleration in the adoption of hydrogen as an energy vector requires that plants used in handling hydrogen be tested, verified, and upgraded if necessary for this new scenario. Regarding the large-scale storage of hydrogen, various studies have confirmed the feasibility of underground storage in depleted gas fields, salt caverns and aquifers. Of these, the most promising is storage in depleted gas fields since they are readily available with a significant amount of knowledge about their parameters. However, even though hydrogen would still be transported and stored in gas form, just like natural gas, it is still a very different molecule than natural gas.

For one, hydrogen is much smaller than the methane molecule meaning that it can slip through seals where methane could not. Secondly, hydrogen has a proven embrittlement effect on metals when in atomic form. If mixed with fluids containing water, CO2 or H2s, it can lead to varying levels of corrosion. All this ultimately can reduce the ability of storage systems to safely seal against hydrogen.

Underground Gas Storage (UGS) has always played a pivotal role in ensuring a country's energy reserves are sufficient to compensate demanding situations like harsh winters, low provisions, or unexpected market conditions. Gas can be provisioned when demand and prices are low, injected into underground wells, and then produced when demand increases again. UGS can also mitigate peaks of usage during periods of cold weather or peak electricity consumption by increasing production rate and ensuring transport pressures are constant. UGS in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs is the most diffused form of storage.
Digitalization in Drilling: A Paradigm Shift for Cost Reduction in Geothermal Projects
Authors: Martini Roberto , Giudici Giulia
Published: June 2024

Reducing drilling costs in geothermal projects is imperative for fostering the widespread adoption of renewable energy, given that drilling expenses can constitute up to 50% of the total capital outlay. This paper explores the pivotal role played by digitalization in drilling operations in Italy, showcasing how it has contributed to substantial cost reductions in new projects.

The wealth of data generated during well operations, encompassing surface and downhole logging data, lithological reports, drilling reports, and equipment data, serves as a valuable resource. An integrated analysis of these diverse data sources offers insights crucial for future well engineering and planning. This includes investigating well problems, enhancing performance, and, ultimately, reducing costs by preventively addressing and mitigating risks.

Employing an integrated solution that consolidates these disparate data sources facilitates the creation of numerous analytics for both individual wells and groups of offset wells. Notably, the interpretation of surface logging data, coupled with automatic recognition of operating sequences and integration with standard daily reports, yields a level of granularity surpassing traditional reporting methods.

Accurate measurement of every operation through objective and detailed Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as Rate of Penetration (ROP), tripping speed, weight-to-weight, and connection time, facilitates the evaluation of technical and performance issues. This, in turn, enables a deeper understanding of root causes, anticipation of future problems, and identification of opportunities for improvement.

This data-driven approach significantly contributes to cost reduction throughout the entire well lifecycle:

Calculating the technical limit and implementing lessons learned results in enhanced overall drilling performance by minimizing Invisible Lost Time (ILT), which typically accounts for approximately 25% of all drilling operations. The use of impartial performance indicators incentivizes performance from contractors and addresses low performance issues. Combined analysis of real time logging data and drilling parameters allow to optimize drilling parameters and anticipate possible dangerous situations. The use of accurate offset well data, allows to optimize the budget allocation, minimizing the overall project expenses. The extensive use of well data not only enhances the quality of field reporting but also establishes a structured repository for all recorded well operation data. This digitalization process opens possibilities for operators in terms of predictive modelling and operations automation.

The results will be presented though a real case study of 6 wells in the larger geothermal field in Italy. The novelty of this approach lies in the automatic integration of multiple data sources, providing unparalleled analytics and opportunity to reduce overall costs.