bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiative and chemical implications of the size and composition of aerosol particles in the existing or modified global stratosphere
Authors: Murphy Daniel M. , Froyd Karl D. , Bourgeois Ilann , Brock Charles A. , Kupc Agnieszka , Peischl Jeff , Schill Gregory P. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Williamson Christina J. , Yu Pengfei
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The size of aerosol particles has fundamental effects on their chemistry and radiative effects. We explore those effects using aerosol size and composition data in the lowermost stratosphere along with calculations of light scattering. In the size range between about 0.1 and 1.0 µm diameter (accumulation mode), there are at least two modes of particles in the lowermost stratosphere. The larger mode consists mostly of particles produced in the stratosphere and the smaller mode consists mostly of particles transported from the troposphere. The stratospheric mode is similar in the Northern and Southern hemispheres whereas the tropospheric mode is much more abundant in the Northern Hemisphere. The two modes have very different roles for radiative effects on climate and for heterogeneous chemistry. Because the larger particles are more efficient at scattering light, most of the radiative effect in the lowermost stratosphere is due to stratospheric particles. In contrast, the tropospheric particles can have more surface area, at least in the Northern Hemisphere. The surface area of tropospheric particles could have significant implications for heterogeneous chemistry because these particles, which are partially neutralized and contain organics, do not correspond to the surfaces used for laboratory studies of stratospheric heterogeneous chemistry. The purity of sulfuric acid particles in the stratospheric mode shows that there is limited production of secondary organic aerosol in the stratosphere, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Out of eight sets of flights sampling the lowermost stratosphere (four seasons and two hemispheres) there were three with large injections of specific materials: volcanic, biomass burning, or dust. We then extend the analysis of size-dependent properties to particles considered for intentional climate modification. There is no single size that will simultaneously optimize the climate impact relative to the injected mass, infrared heating, potential for heterogeneous chemistry, and undesired changes in direct sunlight. In addition, light absorption in the far ultraviolet is identified as an issue requiring more study for both the existing and potentially modified stratosphere.
The trajectory of landcover change in peatland complexes with discontinuous permafrost, northwestern Canada
Authors: Carpino Olivia , Haynes Kristine , Connon Ryan , Craig James , Devoie Élise , Quinton William
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The discontinuous permafrost zone is undergoing rapid transformation as a result of unprecedented permafrost thaw brought on by circumpolar climate warming. Rapid climate warming over recent decades has significantly decreased the area underlain by permafrost in peatland complexes. It has catalyzed extensive landscape transitions in the Taiga Plains of northwestern Canada, transforming forest-dominated landscapes to those that are wetland-dominated. The high rate and large spatial extent of this thaw-induced landcover transformation indicates that this region is particularly sensitive to warming temperatures and will continue to respond to climatic changes and landscape disturbances. This study explores the current trajectory of landcover change across a 300 000 km2 region of northwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost zone by presenting a space-for-time substitution that capitalizes on the region's 600 km latitudinal span. To illustrate this trajectory of change we present the distribution of peatland-rich environments that govern permafrost coverage in this region of the discontinuous permafrost zone. We also establish that relatively undisturbed forested plateau-wetland complexes dominate the region's higher latitudes, forest-wetland patchworks are most prevalent at the medial latitudes, and forested peatlands are increasingly present across lower latitudes, indicating not only a climatic gradient but also a landscape in transition as local mean temperatures increase. This study combines extensive geomatics data with ground-based meteorological and hydrological measurements to inform a new conceptual model of landscape evolution that accounts for the observed patterns of permafrost thaw-induced landcover change, and provides a basis for predicting future changes.
Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)
Authors: Gordon D. Alex R. , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam , Sellers Brent A. , Sadeghi S. M. Moein , Van Stan II John T.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In vegetated landscapes, rain must pass through plant canopies and litter to enter soils. As a result, some rainwater is returned to the atmosphere (i.e., interception, I) and the remainder is partitioned into a canopy (and gap) drip flux (i.e., throughfall) or drained down the stem (i.e., stemflow). Current theoretical and numerical modeling frameworks for this process are almost exclusively based on data from woody overstory plants. However, herbaceous plants often populate the understory and are the primary cover for important ecosystems (e.g., grasslands and croplands). This study investigates how overstory throughfall (PT,o) is
partitioned into understory I, throughfall (PT) and stemflow (PS) by a dominant forb in disturbed urban forests (as well as grasslands and pasturelands), Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam., dogfennel). Dogfennel density at the site was 56 770 stems ha−1, enabling water storage capacities for leaves and stems of 0.90±0.04 and 0.43±0.02 mm, respectively. As direct measurement of PT,o (using methods such as tipping buckets or bottles) would remove PT,o or disturb the understory partitioning of PT,o, overstory throughfall was modeled (PT,o′) using on-site observations of PT,o from a previous field campaign. Relying on modeled PT,o′, rather than on observations of PT,o directly above individual plants means that significant uncertainty remains with respect to (i) small-scale relative values of PT and PS and (ii) factors driving PS variability among individual dogfennel plants. Indeed, PS data from individual plants were highly skewed, where the mean PS:PT,o′ per plant was 36.8 %, but the median was 7.6 % (2.8 %–27.2 % interquartile range) and the total over the study period was 7.9 %. PS variability
(n=30 plants) was high (CV > 200 %) and may hypothetically be explained by fine-scale spatiotemporal patterns in actual overstory throughfall (as no plant structural factors explained the variability). The total PT:PT,o′ was 71 % (median PT:PT,o′ per gauge was 72 %, with a 59 %–91 % interquartile range). Occult precipitation (mixed dew and light rain events) occurred during the study period, revealing that dogfennel can capture and drain dew to their stem base as PS. Dew-induced PS may help explain dogfennel's improved invasion efficacy during droughts (as it tends to be one of the most problematic weeds in the improved grazing systems in the southeastern US). Overall, dogfennel's precipitation partitioning differed markedly from the site's overstory trees (Pinus palustris), and a discussion of the limited literature suggests that these differences may exist across vegetated ecosystems. Thus, more research on herbaceous plant canopy interactions with precipitation is merited.
Students’ Critical Commentaries: Unfettered Voices
Authors: Price-Jones Kathryn Shelley
Published: September 2020

Changes to educational practices have been proposed, with some being adopted globally, on a continuous basis. However, student opinions have seldom been invited into discussions. This article was written following an invitation from the Dialogic Pedagogy Journal “to write a critical response to” Eugene Matusov’s editorial “A student’s right to freedom of education”. The inclusion of student voices in educational forums is integral for a more complete understanding of the position of all participants and, whether one considers students to be representative of one of Gramsci’s subaltern classes,  students as an active group have historically been denied “the basic rights of participation” (El, H., 2012), with their absence from educational discussions having become the status quo. The following article introduces the critical commentaries from seven students who were members of a university level Discussion and Debate class in Seoul, South Korea. Their views were shaped from their previous schooling experiences and their hopes for positive changes. The students’ commentaries are responded to by Eugene Matusov. It is the hope of this author that this classroom process may act as one potential model for further educators to invite student voices into academic discourse. In the spirit of Gayatri Spivak’s 1998 essay (Spivak and Riach, 2012), it is time to let the subaltern speak.
Mindful Learning Experiences Through Structured Reflections During a Youth Travel-Abroad Program
Authors: Ellis Gary D. , Lacanienta Andrew , Zanolini William F. , Locke Darlene , Jiang Jingxian
Published: September 2020

Mindfulness is an actively engaged state of mind when an individual is attuned to their surrounding multi-sensory elements. Mindful learning experiences during youth programs may enhance learning and the overall quality of experiences. We developed, executed, and evaluated an end-of-day structured mindfulness experience during a 4-H travel camp. In this paper we summarize the program and its outcomes and share details we believe will assist other youth professionals who may want to build structured mindfulness experiences into their own programs. Through the 4-H Global Travelers program, 20 youth participated in a 7-day travel camp in Argentina. At the end of each day campers gathered to engage in a 20-minute guided reflection of that day’s activities. We projected photographs taken throughout the day to facilitate recall of and reflection on their experiences that day. Campers’ responses to questions about the quality of their experience immediately following each of the mindful reflection sessions showed that sessions were highly absorbing, mindful learning experiences.
Race, Antiracism, and Youth Development: From Awareness to Sustained Action
Authors: Outley Corliss Wilson , Blyth Dale A.
Published: September 2020

After yet more vivid examples of how Black people are far too often treated unjustly in America and the enormous response worldwide, it is high time to recognize racism in our field and promote a strong and sustained commitment to antiracist approaches to research, publishing, practice, and policy in the youth development field. This essay begins to make the case for such efforts and calls for sustained action in many areas. These are things we can and must do as a field that supports the positive development of all youth.
Mecanismos que garantizan la inscripción temprana del recién nacido en el Registro del Estado Familiar como forma de tutelar su derecho a la identidad en la ciudad de Santa Ana
Authors: Orellana Villalobos Juan Carlos , Orellana Villalobos Karina Beatriz
Published: September 2020

El nacimiento de una persona conlleva una serie de obligaciones, siendo la primera de ellas su inscripción en el Registro del Estado Familiar correspondiente a su lugar de nacimiento, o en el lugar donde los padres tengan su domicilio. Esto constituye un derecho de todos los individuos, ya que con esto al recién nacido se le reconoce personalidad jurídica. Al no inscribírsele, se le considera como no sujeto de derecho. Esta situación impide al niño el acceso a todos los demás derechos humanos fundamentales.La investigación desarrollada en el departamento de Santa Ana se fundamentó en información documental disponible y en entrevistas realizadas a los actores involucrados en la temática, a fin de ejecutar un análisis sobre la efectividad de los mecanismos que garantizan la inscripción temprana de los recién nacidos en el Registro del Estado Familiar. Esta problemática es trascendental, debido a que el derecho a la identidad e identificación es fundamental para la persona. En ese sentido, el Estado es el primero que debe garantizar que las personas recién nacidas sean identificadas oportunamente, mediante la aplicación de procedimientos ágiles y sencillos. Es esta entidad la que debe implementar y fortalecer vínculos, entre las instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales implicadas en el proceso; así como crear mecanismos idóneos que lo permitan. Se pudo constatar que los procesos administrativos actuales, desarrollados por algunas instituciones públicas de salud, no son los suficientemente efectivos en el cumplimiento de este propósito. Es necesario crear o mejorar los ya existentes; además de contar con un procedimiento idóneo y completo de inscripción temprana del recién nacido.
Simulación clínica en la formación de estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad Católica de El Salvador
Authors: Calidonio Flores Marlyn Rocío , Galdámez Hernández Yanci Yamileth
Published: September 2020

La profesión de Enfermería es una carrera dinámica y activa, caracterizada por el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas humanas. Por este motivo, la práctica de laboratorio de simulación es parte esencial dentro del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, puesto que busca dar respuesta al desarrollo cognitivo y operativo de los estudiantes, con el fin de transformarlo en un aprendizaje significativo, que se verá reflejado en su accionar dentro de escenarios reales.El estudio descriptivo tuvo una muestra de 147 personas, todas ellas pertenecientes a la Universidad Católica de El Salvador. La población de estudio se distribuyó de la siguiente manera: 61 estudiantes de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Ilobasco, ubicada en el departamento de Cabañas; y 86 estudiantes de la sede ubicada en el departamento de Santa Ana. Se utilizaron cuestionarios específicos cerrados de respuestas múltiples y guías de observación para recolectar la información. Se encontró que un 83% de la población se encuentra satisfecha con dichas prácticas; asimismo, se describen los espacios y recursos didácticos utilizados. Las aulas, en las cuales se ejecuta la simulación, son catalogadas como buenas; sin embargo, estas tienen oportunidad de mejora.
Midiendo el impacto del valor compartido: el caso de negocios
Authors: Umaña Ramírez Mauricio Vladimir
Published: September 2020

El valor compartido es un concepto que, desde sus inicios en 2011, ha atraído el interés de académicos, gobiernos, empresarios y tomadores de decisión en todos los ámbitos. Tradicionalmente, la creación de valor ha sido confundida con la sostenibilidad, la responsabilidad social empresarial, entre otros; pero existe una línea que une todos los conceptos, a través de la creación de un valor social y un valor económico, generado simultáneamente. Dentro de este estudio exploratorio, se creó el primer caso de negocios sobre cómo medir este valor, con el propósito de representar la creación de valor en variables de beneficio para la sociedad, tales como: salud y habilidades de los empleados; seguridad, impacto ambiental, uso del agua, uso de la energía, creación de nuevas microempresas, entre otras. Los resultados de la investigación brindan la pauta para seguir midiendo más casos; ofreciendo una propuesta novedosa a nivel nacional e internacional, sobre cómo medir el valor compartido, y cómo la inversión social puede generar un retorno a la empresa.
Expediente V9N1
Authors: AtoZ Comitê Editorial
Published: September 2020

Informações sobre a elaboração do v.9, n.1 de 2020.
Classifying vocabulary in Google Sheets to improve word recognition and reading comprehension in EFL learners: an action research study
Authors: Almache Granda Gabriela Katherine , Ramirez-Avila Maria Rossana
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Estudantes universitários tiveram problemas para entender textos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos da classificação do vocabulário em partes do discurso por meio do Google Planilhas para melhorar o reconhecimento de palavras dos alunos e sua incidência na compreensão da leitura. Além disso, o estudo analisou as perspectivas dos estudantes sobre o vocabulário de aprendizagem. Metodologia: O estudo utilizou um método de pesquisa-ação, foram aplicadas um pré e pós questionário e um pré e pós teste. Resultados: Os resultados provaram que a classificação de "partes do discurso" facilitou a melhoria das habilidades de compreensão leitora, com um tamanho de efeito de d = 0,81. Segundo, confirmou que conhecer o formulário de vocabulário aumenta a conscientização dos alunos para identificar e classificar as palavras corretamente. Terceiro, a aplicação do estudo mudou positivamente a perspectiva dos participantes em relação a aprendizagem de vocabulário.  Conclusão: Portanto, devido à necessidade de treinamento dos alunos equatorianos e à pouca literatura sobre partes do discurso, os resultados positivos dessa pesquisa-ação podem ser uma oportunidade para reduzir essas lacunas.
Music That Tears You Apart:Jazz manoucheand the Qualia of Ethnorace
Authors: Lie Siv B.
Published: September 2020

Through talk and performance, participants in the genre of jazz manouche articulate Manouche (French Romani/“Gypsy”) ethnoracial identities. This article takes a semiotic approach to exploring how ethnoracial differences are perceived sonically and reified through language about jazz manouche guitar technique. By analyzing interlocutors’ sensory descriptors such as power, rawness, and even the feeling of ethnoracial identity itself, this article reveals continuities between individual sonic perceptions of race and ethnicity and broader semiotic ideologies about race and ethnicity. These discourses can serve or compromise Manouche interests as they naturalize ideas about social difference.

Cet article utilise une approche sémiotique à l’investigation de la façon dont les différences ethno-raciales sont perçues par le son et réifiées par un discours de la technique de la guitare jazz manouche. En analysant des épithètes sensorielles comme la puissance, la crudité, et měme la sensation de l’identité ethno-raciale elle-měme, cet article montre des continuités entre la perception individuelle du son de la race et de l’ethnie, et des idéologies sémiotiques plus générales concernant la race et l’ethnie. Ces discours peuvent faire avancer ou compromettre les intérěts des Manouches en měme temps qu’ils naturalisent des idées de la différence sociale.
Ethnomusicology and the Indian Ocean: On the Politics of Area Studies
Authors: Byl Julia , Sykes Jim
Published: September 2020

This article draws on the recent boom in Indian Ocean studies to build a framework for registering the Indian Ocean in ethnomusicology. We show how the human experiences of movement across the Indian Ocean expanse have conditioned the musical traditions of ports and islands, and we put ethnomusicological writings on places like Zanzibar and Oman into dialogue with those from Mauritius and Singapore. We address how ethnomusicology’s area studies paradigm has inhibited musical studies of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR); the specter of comparative musicology; and the perils of modern Indian Ocean populations in light of postcolonial ethnonationalisms.

Untuk membangun pengertian Lingkup Samudra India (Indian Ocean Studies) dalam bidang ethnomusikologi, artikel ini bersumber dari kumpulan studi sarjana-sarjana ilmu sosial yang merintis penelitian ini. Pengalaman migrasi manusia, dari pulau ke pulau dan pelabuhan ke pelabuhan, telah membentuk kebudayaan bermusik yang sudah lama dalam lingkup yang begitu luas. Untuk menggambarkan keberadaan ini, kami menghubungkan penelitian melalui dialog dari Zanibar dan Oman, Mauritius sampai Singapura. Artikel ini menyimpulkan: bagaimana paradigma “area studies” menjadi rintangan untuk mempelajari musik dari Lingkup Samudra India; perbedaan pandangan antara “comparative musicology” dari jaman penjajahan dengan penelitian ini; dan bahaya kesukuan dan nationalisme bagai penduduk Lingkup Samudra India sekarang ini.
Burn after Reading: Literary Fires and Literary Memory in Tacitus’sAnnals
Authors: Closs Virginia
Published: September 2020

Tacitus’s pointed use of fire-related metaphors in connection with three dissident authors in the Annals—Cremutius Cordus, Lucan, and Arulenus Rusticus—works proleptically against known aspects of each author’s life and works. Such terms highlight the state-mandated burning of the books of Cremutius and Arulenus under Tiberius and Domitian, respectively; in the case of Lucan, Tacitus seems to be playing indirectly on the poet’s fatal conflict with the “incendiary” Nero, as well as (perhaps) alluding to his lost De incendio urbis. Finally, the imagery and content of these episodes find further company in Tacitus’s account of the Fire of 64.
Composing thepuella: Pliny the Younger’s Elegiac Experimentation
Authors: Smith Mariah Elaine
Published: September 2020

This paper explores the character of Calpurnia in Pliny the Younger’s Epistles and argues that her representation is a carefully crafted literary persona modeled on the elegiac puella docta. Pliny creates her persona intentionally, developing it over the course of six letters. Moreover, Pliny also employs elegiac themes and language in the immediate contexts of the Calpurnia letters, which reveals that an elegiac Calpurnia is less a reflection of reality and more a result of Pliny’s poetic capabilities and sensibilities.
“He ate and pumped”: The Rise and Fall of D. L. Dowd, America’s Forgotten Fitness Entrepreneur
Authors: Heffernan Conor
Published: September 2020

Studies on physical culture have grown exponentially in the past decade. Although much of this work has focused on Eugen Sandow, arguably the most famous physical culturist of the early twentieth century, attention has nevertheless been afforded to several other voices. One such voice is D. L. Dowd, who predated the American physical-culture interest by a decade. At the height of his popularity in the 1880s and early 1890s, Dowd’s business empire was a forerunner for the approaches used by many of his physical culture successors. Dowd’s career has, to date, been dealt with only in cursory comments. Shedding light on his previously understudied career, the following article argues that Dowd’s business approaches and successes should be viewed as a precursor to the growth of the American interest in physical culture. Put another way, the article conceptualizes Dowd as a transitional figure in the popularization of personal fitness made manifest in twentieth-century America.
Weak Form of Efficiency Hypotheses: Empirical Modeling With Box –Pierce, ADF and ARCH Tests
Authors: Theiri Saliha , Ati Abdessatar
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the information efficiency after period of revolution. In particularly, it is a question of testing the weak form of efficiency on the Tunisian stock market. Based in many studies in literature of efficiency in developed countries, the select sample is compound of 52 companies over the period 2014-2018. By applying the different test of Unit Root (ADF), Box –Pierce and ARCH for detect the presence or not of Conditional heteroskedasticity. These tests show that the efficiency hypothesis in its weak form is not verified for majority of companies making up our sample, but it is only confirmed in 10 companies.
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Douala Stock Exchange
Authors: Offiong Amenawo Ikpa , Riman Hodo Bassey , Mboto Helen Walter , Eyo Eyo Itam , Punah Diana Gembom
Published: September 2020

This study examines if the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can be applied to the Douala Stock Exchange. The study utilized monthly stock returns from the three companies listed on the Douala Stock Exchange (DSX), for the period 30th April 2009 to 31st August 2017. Ordinary Least Square regression analysis was adopted for the study to examine if individual stocks can predict a better stock beta. The Black, Jensen, and Scholes (1972) CAPM version were also examined in this study to assess the validity of the zero beta estimate. The result of the individual estimates could not establish the validity of the CAPM theory. Further analysis showed that the Beta for the three assets combined portfolio was not statistically significant. However, when two securities were combined into a single asset portfolio, the portfolio bêta was statistically significant. The significant result of the two asset portfolio confirms that Beta was a linear function of security returns in the DSX market. The study concludes that there will be a need for the government of Cameroun to liberalize the DSX market and allow more firms to be quoted on the floor of the exchange. This decision will allow for the deepening of the DSX market, enhance the liquidity level of the market, and enable investors to reap adequate returns from their investment through holding a portfolio of assets.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Reflection Logs: Pieces of Evidence of Transformative Teaching and Emancipation
Authors: Mendoza Jasper Jay Nievera
Published: September 2020

With critical social design put into practice, this study described and investigated transformative teaching and emancipation pieces of evidence from 21 Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) pre-service teachers. The participants’ reflection logs were analyzed, with Butin’s technical lens framework as a guide. Findings revealed that the pre-service teachers encountered challenges with the students, parents, cooperating teachers and principals, which turned out to be opportunities for pre-service teachers to exercise their decision-making skills. These participants’ springboard to transformative learning and emancipation, henceforth, were the teaching strategies, principles and learning activities they acquired from their instructors. Pre-service teachers realized they could explore epistemic change as a result of reflection and contemplation.
How many patients can each surgeon have on their waiting list and still treat them all in time?
Authors: Connor Martin J. , Bashat Danielle Ben , Ogg Christopher D.
Published: September 2020

Objective: In many advanced economies patients wait on elective surgery waiting lists longer than clinically recommended times. This results from either a demand and capacity differential or challenges with the chronological management of patient bookings. This paper describes a novel algorithm that calculates elective surgery capacity and demand imbalances at a surgeon and urgency category level.Methods: An algorithm was developed that is surgeon-specific, sensitive to clinical urgency, relates to patient- and procedure level, and is scalable, dynamic and efficient. The novel measure designated the “Nominal Waiting List Maximum”, uses historic waiting list removal rates to approximate waiting list capacity at a surgeon- and urgency category-level. This measure can then be compared to the actual patients on each surgeon’s waiting list for each urgency category at a given point in time to measure imbalances.Results: In 2014, the algorithm was automated and implemented across a large Hospital and Health Service (HHS), in QLD, Australia, within an analytics solution. The solution extracts current and historic elective surgery waiting list episode-level data from underlying repositories and calculates “Nominal Waiting List Maximum” for every surgeon at an urgency category level with daily data flows.Conclusions: The solution helped the large tertiary hospital group to identify demand and capacity imbalances at a surgeon and urgency category level to improve theatre session allocations. With the aid of this measure, the HHS achieved zero patients waiting longer than clinically recommended times and was able to hold this position for more than 2 years demonstrating the value of this algorithm. The solution was subsequently rolled out to 55 hospitals across QLD, Australia and anonymised views provided to the hospitals’ governing body.
Inertial Manifolds for Generalized Higher-Order Kirchhoff Type Equations
Authors: Lin Guoguang , Li Shuangyan
Published: September 2020

The existence of inertial manifolds for higher-order Kirchhoff type equations with strong damping terms is studied. The Hadamard graph norm conversion method is used for obtaining the existence of inertial manifolds for this kind of equations under certain spectral intervals.
MULTIPURPOSE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES (EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTED PROJECTS)
Authors: Bogusz Małgorzata , Wojcieszak-Zbierska Monika
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to present, by means of case studies, examples of activities in the field of multipurpose development businesses which, due to services offered, their location and recognition, can serve as good practices and provide inspiration for the development of such activities in rural areas of selected EU countries. A key aspect of multipurpose rural development is to shift from single-function development towards farm diversification in order to engage in and develop non-agricultural activities. The concept of multipurpose rural development, where agriculture is no longer the sole function of rural areas, has often become a panacea for maintaining the basic form of agriculture, especially in areas affected by severe fragmentation of agricultural land. The examples found in three countries (Poland, Spain and Romania) showed that agriculture can be combined with non-agricultural activities with environmentally-friendly, innovative and educational concepts. The analyzed cases also showed that entrepreneurship in rural areas is often carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, and the multifunctional nature of these activities indicates that even small farms are able to survive. However, it is important that it is not only agricultural activity, but other activities connected with it, using natural and cultural resources of farms and villages, such as processing or education.
Statistical Anomalies Associated with NBA Scorekeepers: A Bootstrap Investigation
Authors: Diemer George , Kim Jun Woo , Kneavel Meredith
Published: September 2020

In 2009, a Deadspin article documented how an anonymous NBA scorekeeper skewed statistics for various purposes. This research sets out to test the assertions set forth by the author of the Deadspin piece and uses prospect theory and unique statistical techniques to do so. The findings support the assertions proposed in the Deadspin piece that scorekeepers for various venues are skewing the statistics. The discussion provides suggestions for correcting this bias as well as demonstrates how asymmetric incentives by scorekeepers in favor of the home teams could be misused in determining salaries, playing time, trade negotiations, and media attention.
Process Mining Techniques in Internal Auditing: A Stepwise Case Study
Authors: Santoro Flavia Maria , Revoredo Kate Cerqueira , Costa Rosa M.M. , Barboza Thais Mester
Published: September 2020

A business process is a sequence of activities organized in a logical way in order to produce a service or a product that is valued for a particular group of customers. Process auditing in corporate environment aims to assess the degree of compliance of processes and their controls. Due to the volume of information that needs to be analyzed in an audit job, auditing´s cost can be very high. We argue that process mining techniques have the potential to improve this activity, allowing the auditor to meet the short deadlines, as well as bringing greater value to the senior management and reliability in the service provided by the audit. The goal of this paper is to discuss, through a case study, how process mining techniques can optimize and bring agility to the verification of process model compliance against the process actually performed. With this approach, it will be possible to detect errors and/or failures in activities or controls of a running process. The main contribution of this paper is to describe a simple set of steps that could be applied by auditors and experts in order to get introduced and to obtain the first insights in the process mining area.
SARS Coronavirus 2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Children: A Review on Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis
Authors: Tabatabaii Seyed Ahmad , Soltani Pegah , Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , Sharma Deepak , Valizadeh Rohollah , Farahbakhsh Nazanin , Tariverdi Marjan , Pourghasem Matin , Tabiei Ebrahim
Published: September 2020

Context: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused irreparable damage to society. The pediatric population may be asymptomatic but has positive viral nucleic acid test results and plays an important role in spreading the infection in populations. However, there is a substantial information gap on the epidemiology, pathology, and clinical presentations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Evidence Acquisition: English research articles published before April 18, 2020, were reviewed to understand the clinical characteristics of SARS coronavirus 2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in children. The WHO (https://www.who. int/) and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/) websites were also reviewed to find eligible studies, besides articles extracted from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: In comparison with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 seems to have wider clinical symptoms and routes of transmission. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a unique clinical feature of this novel virus. The low prevalence of COVID-19 in children may be due to lower contacts or incomplete identification rather than resistance to the virus. Conclusions: As this virus is novel, we believe that lessons learned from SARS and MERS outbreaks are very valuable in handling the current pandemic. The aim of this paper was to provide the updated summary of clinical manifestation, diagnostic, molecular, and genetic aspects of the novel coronavirus in comparison with SARS and MERS coronaviruses in children.
Socio-Pedagogical Support of Child’s Personality Socialization at the Stage of Preschool Childhood Social Formation
Authors: Rohalska-Yablonska Inna P. , Melnyk Nataliia I. , Dovbnia Sofiia O. , Lisovska Tetiana A. , Perkhailo Nelia A.
Published: September 2020

Objective: This paper is directed at development and experimentally test the effectiveness of the system of socio-pedagogical support of socialization of the individual; determining the pedagogical conditions for ensuring the harmonious socialization of children in preschool education. The basis of the analysis of the project of social and pedagogical support of the child’s socialization is its humanitarian direction.
Background: The relevance of the study is the creation and development of a system of socio-pedagogical support of personality socialization in preschool childhood was confirmed.
Method: The implementation of certain tasks was carried out using a set of research methods: the theoretical method, which allows a systematic analysis of philosophical, psychological, sociological, cultural, and pedagogical scientific and methodological literature on socialization, education, and personal development; the empirical methods (observation, interviews, surveys, questionnaires, testing, the study of documentation), which allow to comprehensively consider the specifics of pedagogical activities of teachers to implement the socialization process and levels of socialization of children.
Results: The results of the experimental test of the system of social and pedagogical support of personality socialization in preschool childhood developed by us proved its effectiveness, which confirms the quantitative and qualitative changes in the levels of socialization of preschool children.
Conclusion: The paper established the state of awareness of preschool teachers with the processes of socialization of the child in preschool childhood; criteria, indicators, and levels of personality socialization in preschool childhood; the pedagogical conditions for the effective course of the process of socialization of children in preschool educational institutions.
The Model of a System for Criteria-Based Assessing of Students' Functional Literacy and its Developmental Impact
Authors: Sagimbaeva Ainur Ye. , Avdarsol Sailaugul , Zaslavskaya Olga Yu. , Arynova Gulnar S. , Baimakhanova Aigerim S.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of this article is to compile a model of a system for assessing students' functional literacy based on a criteria-based approach.
Background: Everyone use a traditional five-point grading system to assess students' activities, but using it, it's not always possible to objectively evaluate student work. Therefore, the authors use the criteria-based student assessment system in our lessons.
Method: Criteria based assessment involves a mechanism that allows evaluating students more objectively. Assessing the activities of students in the lesson becomes democratic, since a student is the subject of his training, and a teacher does not play the role of a “judge” in grading.
Results: As a result of the study, it was revealed that the assessment system makes it possible to determine how successfully one or another educational material is mastered, or a certain practical skill is formed. At the same time, it is advisable to take a mandatory minimum as a reference point.
Conclusion: The criteria-based assessment system is completely transparent in the sense of how to give formative and summative grades, as well as the goals for which these grades are put. It is also a means of diagnosing learning problems, providing and ensuring constant contact between a teacher, student, and parents. Based on the conducted practical experiment, the effectiveness of the model of the system for assessing the functional literacy of students based on the criteria-based approach in computer science has been proved.
Students’ Humanistic Position Formation in the Educational Process
Authors: Shar Svitlana O. , Vorona Larisa I. , Kalinichenko Iryna O. , Lebedyk Lesia V. , Olifira Larisa M.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The student's humanistic position is not only the result of the teacher's personal influence but also a controlled process. As a result of the implementation of this process, the student receives an understanding of what should relate to the humanistic process and the humanistic function of society.
Background: The basis for the formation of humanism for all participants in the students' educational process is determined either by the teacher's position or by the installation in the pedagogical process. So, any impact on the part of the teacher can be perceived as an exceptional factor of influencing the student's personality, which can be perceived as a compulsory education requirement.
Method: Assessment of pedagogical effectiveness was carried out by means of an expert survey. Diagnostic and processing of empirical data was carried out according to the methodology for assessing the importance of each individual requirement for the proposed educational materials.
Results: The study examines the components that form the student’s humanistic position on the basis of the traditional components of the formation of the pedagogical teaching strategy. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that it is possible to implement the concept of the formation of active skills in students during certain actions and the formation of other humanitarian positions.
Conclusion: The study shows that the level of formation of the students' humanistic position concerning all participants in the educational process depends on updating the educational process of training specialists based on the developed theoretical and methodological foundations.
Applying Gamification to the Library Orientation
Authors: Reed Karen , Miller A
Published: September 2020

By providing an overview of library services as well as the building layout, the library orientation can help newcomers make optimal use of the library. The benefits of this outreach can be curtailed, however, by the significant staffing required to offer in-person tours. One academic library overcame this issue by turning to user experience research and gamification to provide an individualized online library orientation for four specific user groups: undergraduate students, graduate students, faculty, and community members. The library surveyed 167 users to investigate preferences regarding orientation format, as well as likelihood of future library use as a result of the gamified orientation format. Results demonstrated a preference for the gamified experience among undergraduate students as compared to other surveyed groups.
A Collaborative Approach to Newspaper Preservation
Authors: Krahmer Ana , Douglas Laura
Published: September 2020

This column explores a collaborative undertaking between the Denton Public Library in Denton, Texas, and the University of North Texas Libraries (UNT) to build digital access to the city of Denton’s newspaper of record, the Denton Record-Chronicle (DRC). The process included coordination with the newspaper publisher, solidifying agreements between the libraries, obtaining grant funding for the project, and ensuring scheduled uploads to build digital access to the DRC via The Portal to Texas History’s Texas Digital Newspaper Program (TDNP). TDNP builds open access to Texas newspapers, and the partnership between the Denton Public Library and UNT exemplifies the value of collaboration to preserving history and building digital access to research materials
Effect of Academic Ability and Group Instruction Technique on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Civic Education in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Unachukwu G. C. , Okoli Ogochukwu K.
Published: September 2020

Students’ learning outcomes and performance are dependent on many factors from student-factors to teacher-factors, method of instruction, environmental and management factors. Given the falling standard in education in Nigeria, managing students’ factors are becoming more crucial success factor in academic performance and achievement in subjects. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the effect of academic ability and group instruction technique on secondary school students’ achievement in Civic education in Anambra State, Nigeria. In the method section, non-randomized control group, pre-test, post-test quasi experimental design was adopted as the design for the study. Six co-education schools in Anambra State were sampled using multi-stage sampling technique. From the area of study, 193 Senior Secondary 2 students as participants were drawn from one co-education school in each of the six education zones that make up 258 public secondary schools in the State. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used as statistical tool for analyzing experimental data obtained from the field. Findings indicated that there were significant differences in Civic achievement test across high and low academic ability groups and experimental and control groups. The experimental group (taught with Group Instruction Technique) achieved better than the control group (taught with Lecture Method), while high ability students outperformed low ability students. The observed significant differences across groups indicate that student factors and teacher-factors have learning and achievement outcomes on Civic education in Nigeria. It is recommended that, stakeholders especially, secondary school principals and teachers evaluate students’ academic challenges and proffer ways to improve achievement.
Effect of Losing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Living Organism and Ecosystem, and Prevention Approaches of their Harmful Effect
Authors: Hashimi Rahmatullah , Hashimi Mohammad Hanif
Published: September 2020

The world’s population is drastically increasing; therefore, an enormous amount of nitrogen and other fertilizers are used to produce enough food for their feeding. Furthermore, since the applied nitrogen amount is not completely absorbed by plants, its big proportion is released to the environment in different ways. The released nitrogen amount damages both humans’ health and the environment. Some technical and agronomical techniques help to minimize the loss of this nitrogen. The fertilizer's loss not only affects farmers' economic condition, but their effects are integrated. Nitrogen fertilizers pollute water, soil, air, as well as our foods. Leaching nitrate can cause eutrophication in sea, lakes, and water bodies. This condition poses a big threat to the lives of fish and other aquatic organisms. It also causes various diseases in humans such as blue baby syndrome, carcinoma, and others. For instance, Nitrate-N (NO3-N) leads to the blue baby syndrome, carcinoma, and other diseases in humans. NO3-N leaching stimulates the growth of blue-green algae and creates hypoxic zones in the water. Moreover, cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect the liver`, kidney, brain, skin, and other parts of the human body, as well as cause complicated diseases. Ammonia and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rains and have adverse effects on ecosystems. Nitrous oxides (N₂O) deplete the ozone layer, a layer that prevents harmful rays from reaching the earth. N₂O contributes extremely to global warming due to its potentiality. Although Nitrogen fertilizers have contributed to produce high yields in the world, their excessive application has created different problems in our environment. To reduce nitrogen leaching, some agronomical, technical, and other practices are required to be used in the large and small farming system.