bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Risk of Incident Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Community‐Dwelling Populations With Hypertension: An Observational Study
Authors: Cai Anping , Liu Lin , Zhou Dan , Tang Songtao , Tadic Marijana , Schutte Aletta E. , Feng Yingqing
Published: June 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and risk of incident left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in community‐dwelling populations with hypertension and investigate whether this association would be attenuated by a lower achieved systolic blood pressure (SBP).

Methods and Results

We used the EMINCA (Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Chinese Adults) criteria, which were derived from healthy Chinese populations to define LVH. A total of 2069 participants with hypertension and without LVH (obesity 20.4%) were included. The association between obesity and risk of incident LVH was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models and stratified by achieved follow‐up SBP levels (≥140, 130–139, and <130 mm Hg). These analyses were also assessed using the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging criteria, which were derived from European populations to define LVH. After a median follow‐up of 2.90 years, the rates of incident LVH in the normal‐weight, overweight, and obese groups were 13.5%, 20.3%, and 27.8%, respectively (
P
<0.001). In reference to normal weight, obesity was associated with increased risk of incident LVH (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.51 [95% CI, 1.91–3.29]), which was attenuated when achieved SBP was <130 mm Hg (aHR, 1.78 [95% CI, 0.99–3.19]). This association remained significant when achieved SBP was ≥140 mm Hg (aHR, 3.45 [95% CI, 2.13–5.58]) or at 130 to 139 mm Hg (aHR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.23–4.36]). Differences in these findings were noted when LVH was defined by the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging criteria.

Conclusions

Obesity was associated with incident LVH and an SBP target <130 mm Hg might be needed to attenuate this risk in patients with hypertension and obesity.
Mineral Content, Antioxidant Properties in vitro, Reduction of Inflammation, and Liver Steatosis in vivo by Ngaoundal Propolis in Wistar Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet
Authors: Valentine Tsague , Flaure Metchi , Steve Nodem , Mireille Kingha , Larissa Ondo , Moussa Hassimi , Denis Dang’ne , Salomon M’bann , Abakar Ahamat , Nestor Tchuenguem-Fohouo , Jacqueline Ze
Published: June 2024

Several studies have reported the benefits of Propolis in the treatment of various disorders such as parasitic infections, bacterial infections, wounds, and burns. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydroethanolic extract (EthP) and the fraction powder ≤ 125 µm of Propolis (PP) on atherogenic diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dry Propolis was finely ground, a first part was macerated in a mixture (30:70 v/v water and ethanol) and a second part was fractionated by sieving with a sieve mesh (≤125 µm). The powder fraction≤ 125µm (PP) and Propolis hydroethanolic extract (EthP) obtained were used to characterize the mineral composition in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 20 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups EthP and PP were administered orally to the rats at the same dose (250 mg/kg bw) and fed simultaneously with an atherogenic diet for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, the lipid profile, transaminase aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum, and antioxidants were measured at the organ level (aorta, liver, kidney, and heart). The activities of all parameters were significant (p < 0.05). The results of this study show that Propolis had a significantly (p<0.0001) lower in vitro mineral composition in Iron by 32.56%; in Zinc by 83.21%; in Calcium by 10.82% and in Manganese by 21.40% at the PP level compared to EthP. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH, TAC, and FRAP), which increased with Propolis concentration. High polyphenol content (EthP>PP). Treatment with EthP250 and PP250 significantly (p<0.05) reduced serum ALT by 34.27% and 47.36%, creatinine by 67.36% and 37.5%, TG by 63.91% and by 20.18%, IL-17 expression by 50.25% and 100% respectively. HDL-c levels were significantly increased by 47.7% (p<0.001) in serum compared with TN. NO levels increased significantly (p<0.001) by 1.38% and 1.63% in the aorta respectively. MDA levels were significantly reduced by 55.12% (p<0.0001) and 76.09% (p<0.05) in the liver respectively. This study demonstrated the efficacy of Propolis in the management of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and its anti-inflammatory capacity.
Error Approximation of the Second Order Hyperbolic Differential Equationby Using DG Finite Element Method
Authors: Islam Muhammad , Hossain Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This article presents a simple efficient and asynchronously correcting a posteriori error approximation for discontinuous finite element solutions of the second-order hyperbolic partial differential problems on triangular meshes. This study considersthe basis functions for error spaces corresponding to some finite element spaces. The discretization error of each triangle is estimated by solving the local error problem. It also shows global super convergence for discontinuous solution on triangular lattice. In this article, the triangular elements are classify into three types: (i) elements with one inflow and two outflow edges are of type I, (ii) elements with two inflows and one outflow edges are of type II and (iii) elements with one inflow edge, one outflow edge, and one edge parallel to the characteristics are of type III. The article investigated higher-dimension discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic problems on triangular meshes and also studied the effect of finite element spaces on the superconvergence properties of DG solutions on three types of triangular elements and it showed that the DG solution is O(hp+2) superconvergent at Legendre points on the outflow edge on triangles having one outflow edge using three polynomial spaces. A posteriori error estimates are tested on a number of linear and nonlinear problems to show their efficiency and accuracy under lattice refinement for smooth and discontinuous solutions.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Solar and Petrol-Powered Recirculating Aquaculture Systems for African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerling Production
Authors: Anyanwu-Akeredolu Betty , Adeleke Mosunmola , Dada Adekunle , Oyedapo Fagbenro
Published: June 2024

Accessibility of quality fingerlings is dependable on a hatchery system with the capacity to produce all year round. There are two hatchery systems operational in Nigeria namely, the flow-through and re-circulating systems. These two systems require electricity to power periodic or constant water supply and aeration. When electricity supply fails or non-existent, this will result in anxiety and hardship to hatchery operators with the subsequent low output. This paper, therefore, assessed the production efficiency of solar and petrol-powered generator recirculating aquaculture systems for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings production. The results obtained from the growth performance and survival percentage of Clarias gariepnus reared in the two recirculating systems (solar and generator powered recirculating systems) showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the initial weight, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of C. gariepnus from the two-recirculating systems. However, the result showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the final mean weight, weight gained, and survival rate in the two-recirculating systems. Aligning with the guidelines outlined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the means and range values of temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), pH and ammonia, observed from the two recirculating production systems indicated temperature (22.81°C - 25.11°C), dissolved pH (7.10-7.42), dissolved oxygen (6.22- 6.62mg/l), ammonia (0.04-0.08mg/l) respectively. The survival rate of fry reaching 84% for the solar group and 64% for the generator at the end of 28- 56 days. Thus, this study revealed that solar energy might become the most promising energy source that can replace the usual source of energy for hatchery operations in Nigeria. This study, therefore, recommended that Solar Powered Recirculating Systems be adopted where feasible, given their demonstrated support for increased growth rates and higher survival rates to enhance efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production systems.
The Impact of Digital Financial Services on Financial Inclusion: A Panel Data Regression Method
Authors: Ocharive Aruoriwo , Iworiso Jonathan
Published: June 2024

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between digital financial services (DFS), traditional payment methods (TPM), economic factors, and demographic variables in a quest to enhance financial inclusion. Panel data regression models were employed to analyse the data encompassing credit card access, borrowing, mobile money accounts, electronic payments, and economic and demographic factors. The findings underscore the pivotal role of digital financial services in promoting financial inclusion, particularly mobile money accounts and electronic payments. These services offer cost-effective and efficient alternatives to traditional banking, facilitating greater economic participation. Furthermore, the study reveals the influence of conventional payment methods, with suggestive continuing relevance on a long run. Economic and demographic factors such as age, income, education, and gender emerge as crucial determinants of financial inclusion, emphasising the need for tailored strategies in diverse population segments. Overall, the results are promising with demonstrable statistically significant evidence in the approach to financial inclusion, leveraging digital innovations while addressing various economic factors and demographic groups' needs. The approach seems to guarantee a more equitable, accessible and efficient global financial system to foster economic growth and societal well-being. Thus, the output in this paper will be economically useful to financial institutions, modern digital technology companies and further researchers who aimed to continuously adapt and improve the approach to financial inclusion.
Quality Control of Tap Water and Factors Determining Bacterial Contamination of Households’ Stored Drinking Water in the Town of Aboisso (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Seki Thierry , Meless Djedjro , Kpaibé Sawa , Amin N’cho
Published: June 2024

Piped water must inspire consumer confidence in health and organoleptic terms. In the event of a food poisoning, consumers who have a poor perception of its quality may incriminate it, without taking into consideration that the fact of passing it through a drinking water storage container before consuming it can also cause contamination. The present study carried out in the town of Aboisso aimed to assess the role of water storage in the deterioration of microbiological quality of drinking water, and to identify the predictive factors of the presence of bacteria in stored water. To do this, physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity and free chlorine) and microbiological parameters (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli) were measured on water samples taken from taps and storage containers in 94 households. The storage conditions of drinking water were also the subject of a brief household survey. The identification of predictive factors for the presence of total coliforms and E. coli in stored water was done using bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis by binary logistic regression through two models. The first model included the use of a transport container and the storage conditions as independent variables. The second included besides that the values of turbidity and free chlorine. As results, the waters were weakly mineralized and acidic. Free chlorine levels, temperature values, and bacterial loads in tap water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in stored water. While 13.83% of samples taken at the taps were contaminated with total coliforms and 1.06% with E. coli, 50% and 18.09% of those taken in containers were contaminated with total coliforms and E. coli, respectively. In the first model, only the storage duration and the method used to draw water from storage container were statistically associated with the presence of total coliforms while no variable was statistically associated with the presence of E. coli. In the second model, the drawing method and the free chlorine level were significantly associated with the presence of total coliforms while only the free chlorine level was associated with E. coli. These results motivate the need to raise awareness and train populations in drinking water hygiene.
Awareness and Practices of Vocabulary Teaching Among Teachers in Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia (Felana, Kerensa, and Kombolcha in Focus)
Authors: Shumiye Ashenafi
Published: June 2024

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the EFL teachers' awareness and practices of vocabulary teaching strategies in English EFL classes, among grade nine and ten EFL teacher. Methods. The descriptive survey research design used in this investigation involved gathering data from a sample population to describe and analyze a particular phenomenon. This design allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the topic by incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data collection methods were employed to gather numerical data that could be analyzed statistically. This included the use of structured questionnaires or surveys, which were administered to participants to collect data on their attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, or other relevant variables. On the other hand, qualitative data collection methods were used to gather non-numerical data that provided in-depth insights and understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. By utilizing a combination of questionnaire, observation and interview data collection methods, the researcher was able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the research topic from multiple perspectives. The results from the analysis of data from interview, questionnaire, and observations are discussed in line with some empirical findings. The result obtained through the interview in this regard generally revealed that most of grade nine and ten EFL teachers seem to have put doubt that they use various vocabulary teaching methods in their teaching and learning vocabulary. Based on the results and discussions of the findings of the study, it is possible to conclude that grade nine and ten teachers of Kombolcha, Kerensa, and Felana Secondary Schools did not properly practice different vocabulary teaching strategy in vocabulary lessons.
Viability of Cull Bee Brood (Apis mellifera) as an Additive in Chicken Feed for Enhanced Food Security
Authors: Gershom Nuwemuhwezi , Obel-Ogor Christopher , Kugonza Donald , Rebecca Kalibwani
Published: June 2024

There is insufficient knowledge by African beekeepers on how to utilize and integrate culled bee brood into their chicken feed or food systems instead of dumping broods as wastes. Culling out access bee brood combs, diseased, old combs with brood remains will reduce over reproduction of bee brood in the bee colony and hence improving hygiene in bee hive colony which will increase its fitness. African bee keepers regularly practice bee brood culling of unwanted, damaged, diseased and excessive combs with brood during production and harvesting periods and throw away culled bee brood Africa beekeepers. Therefore, this study came up with new ways on how to collect, process, utilize and integrate culled bee brood into chicken feeds as additives instead of throwing them away as wastes. This would create new production opportunity among bee keeper now and in the future as culled bee brood to be an alternative source of protein in chicken feeds systems leading to improved food security. The study was conducted in three districts of southwestern Uganda (Kiruhura, Mbarara, Rwampara). Current Nutritional composition and hygiene practice were analyzed after sampling practices and collection. Analyzed 966 culled bee brood combs from 46 beekeeper’s colony. Data was analyzed using r-statistical program. All assumptions for statistical tests were met. A total of seven (7) apiaries participated in cull brood removal sample from 46 bee hives from each district that was sampled making a total of 966 colonies. a repeated measures ANOVA both at beginning of the season and the end of the season was used to analyze the beekeepers’ data from different apiary yard in western Uganda and five (5) colonies (bee hive) from an on-farm trial experiment at Mbarara, Kiruhura, Rwampara western Uganda, three (3) treatment and two control were utilized. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze this data. Using computer aided software of R-statistical package for analysis. Results were presented in table form from different seasons from laboratory analysis. The study also adds to existing literature where some insects are used industrially for selling as seen with the Nsenene (grass hoppers) in Uganda and crickets and black soldier’s flies in western Kenya at Jaramongi Odinga Oginga University of Science and Technology. MP2 has the highest metabolizable energy with slightly less microbes, and average moisture content. This makes it a good choice of feeds with bee brood additives for the chicken.
Effect of Canning Variables on Minerals Content of Bruchid Resistant, Maz-Type Common Bean Lines
Authors: Feyera Milkesa , Abera Demirew
Published: June 2024

Dried beans are rich in proteins and good in important micronutrients like potassium, magnesium, folate, iron and zinc. Canning is a conventional food preserving method in which beans and other products are sterilized by heat after placed in hermetically sealed containers. Screening of bean lines for micronutrient retention during canning is an important input for food industry, beans researcher and other end users. The objectives of this study was to evaluate minerals retention of canned maz-lines common beans. A total of 3 Maz-lines of common beans were evaluated under 9 different canning treatments. Accordingly, mineral contents of maz-type canned common beans were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The result showed maz-type common bean lines and canning variables significantly affects minerals content. The highest calcium (68.79mg/100g) and zinc (2.68mg/100g) were exhibited in Maz-200 common bean lines. Canning variables caused an increment of sodium and calcium contents. However, potassium and zinc contents of canned beans decreased as result of varied canning variables. Good retention of potassium was demonstrated in samples soaked at ambient temperature for 30minutes before blanched at 88°C for 30 minutes. Similarly, good retention of zinc was recorded for sample soaked at room temperature for 40 minutes followed blanched at 75°C for 40 minutes.
Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiological Profile and Management at Conakry University Hospital (Guinea)
Authors: Ibrahima Oulare , Bakary Traore , Aoly Cisse , Mohamed Youla , 1 Kourouma , Togba Soumaoro , Labilé Fofana x , Aboubacar Toure
Published: June 2024

Background: the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in African countries, but remains poorly elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile and the management of colorectal cancer in Conakry university hospital. Patients and Method: This was a 5-year retrospective descriptive study from January 2015 to December 2019 including consecutive cases of colorectal cancers recorded in the university hospital of Conakry (Guinea). Results: Over the 5-year period, we collected 79 cases of colorectal cancer, representing 1.75% of all digestive cancers. The 51-70 age group was the most represented (39.24%), and male patients were the most common (54%). In 38% of cases, patients were admitted with acute intestinal obstruction. Ulcero- budding tumors were dominant (88.6%). The most common histological type was Lieberkuhnian adenocarcinoma (89.62%). Postoperative course was favorable in 67% of cases. In our sample, stage IV was most represented (69%), followed by stage III (23.4%). The lack of adjuvant treatment and long term follow made very hard to determine the patient’s survival time. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer remains a major public health problem. It is the 2nd leading cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer.
Determination of Diagnostic Reference Level in Dose-Area Product (DAP) and Evaluation of Dosimetry in Chest x-ray Examination at Bingerville Mother-Child Hospital, Cote D’Ivoire
Authors: Konaté Issa , Tekpo Dali , Ponaho Kezo , Osée Kipré
Published: June 2024

X-rays have an undeniable advantage in medicine, especially for diagnosis. However, their use is not without risk. Following numerous studies carried out by the International Atomic Energy Agency and learned societies, it has been recommended to strengthen the principle of optimization in diagnostic radiology by implementing Diagnostic Reference Levels. The purpose of this study is to determine diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in order to evaluate radiological practices and to reduce doses received by patients for frontal chest examination at the Bingerville Mother-Child Hospital (MCH). The work was carried out on a sample of 110 patients at the Mother and Child Hospital in Bingerville. We used a generator and a tube for the production of X-rays. The dose-area product (DAP) value was obtained using a dose calculator built into the generator. The determination of the DRLs in DAP (cGy.cm²) was made with the 75th percentile statistical method and yielded the following result of 14.32 cGy.cm². Comparing our DRL value with those obtained elsewhere, as well as comparing the median DAP from the present study with the DRLs in Abidjan and at the national level, radiological practices are satisfactory for frontal chest examination. However, after analysis of some radiological parameters used, it appears that efforts need to be made by acting on the kV, mAs, diaphragm and the filtration.
Java Script Programs for Calculation of Dihedral Angles with Manifold Equations
Authors: Mitan Carmen-Irena , Bartha Emeric , Filip Petru , Draghici Constantin , Caproiu Miron-Teodor , Moriarty Robert
Published: June 2024

Java Script programs for calculation dihedral angles from NMR data with manifold equations of 3-Sphere approach: rectangle, Villarceau circles of cyclide (Torus – Dupin Cyclide), polar equations, Euler-Conic. Manifolds are curves or surface in higher dimension used for calculation of dihedral angles under wave character of NMR data, carbon and/or proton chemical shift δXn[ppm] and vicinal coupling constant 3JHnHn+1[Hz]. 3-Sphere approach for calculation of the dihedral angles from NMR data in four steps: 1. Prediction, or more exactly calculation of the dihedral angles from vicinal coupling constant with trigonometric equations, 2. Calculation of the dihedral angles from manifold equations; 3. Building units from angle calculated with one of the manifold equations; 4. Calculation the vicinal coupling constant of the manifold dihedral angle. In this paper are presented Java Script programs of step 2 and from step 3 only the Java Script program for calculation of seven sets angles. The bond distances lCnCn+1[A0] between two atoms of carbon are under different polar equations (i.e. limaçons or cardioid, rose or lemniscale), our expectation was to find different manifold equations for calculation the best angle, differences are smaller but can be find sometimes a preferred one for a vicinal coupling constant. 3-Sphere approach has the advantages of calculation from vicinal angle or/and chemical shift the dihedral angle, tetrahedral angle and the bond distance lCnCn+1[A0], with application on conformational and configurational analysis.
Turbulent Ice–Ocean Boundary Layers in the Well-Mixed Regime: Insights from Direct Numerical Simulations
Authors: Couston Louis-Alexandre
Published: June 2024

The meltwater mixing line (MML) model provides a theoretical prediction of near-ice water mass properties that is useful to compare with observations. If oceanographic measurements reported in a temperature–salinity diagram overlap with the MML prediction, then it is usually concluded that the local dynamics are dominated by the turbulent mixing of an ambient water mass with near-ice meltwater. While the MML model is consistent with numerous observations, it is built on an assumption that is difficult to test with field measurements, especially near the ice boundary, namely, that the effective (turbulent and molecular) salt and temperature diffusivities are equal. In this paper, this assumption is tested via direct numerical simulations of a canonical model for externally forced ice–ocean boundary layers in a uniform ambient. We focus on the well-mixed regime by considering an ambient temperature close to freezing and run the simulations until a statistical steady state is reached. The results validate the assumption of equal effective diffusivities across most of the boundary layer. Importantly, the validity of the MML model implies a linear correlation between the mean salinity and temperature profiles normal to the interface that can be leveraged to construct a reduced ice–ocean boundary layer model based on a single scalar variable called thermal driving. We demonstrate that the bulk dynamics predicted by the reduced thermal driving model are in good agreement with the bulk dynamics predicted by the full temperature–salinity model. Then, we show how the results from the thermal driving model can be used to estimate the interfacial heat and salt fluxes and the melt rate.

Significance Statement

We investigate the turbulent dynamics and thermodynamical properties of water masses below ice shelves using new data from high-resolution simulations. This is important because there are currently too few observations of ice–ocean boundary layer dynamics to construct reliable models of ice-shelf melting as a function of ocean conditions. Our results demonstrate that the turbulent diffusivities of salt and temperature are approximately equal in the well-mixed regime. This implies a linear correlation between the mean temperature and salinity profiles, consistent with the meltwater mixing line prediction that is often used to interpret polar observations. We take advantage of this correlation to propose a reduced model of ice–ocean boundary layers that can predict ice-shelf melt rates at relatively low computational cost.
Family Intervention Models for Young Adults with Substance Abuse: A Systematic Review
Authors: Binumon Kodikuthiyel Vijayan , Ezhumalai Sinu , Janardhana Navaneetham , Chand Prabhat Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Substance abuse among young adults is a significant public health concern with detrimental consequences for individuals, families, and society. Family interventions have emerged as promising treatment approaches for addressing substance abuse in this population. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on the efficacy of family interventions for young adults with substance abuse.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (a) focused on family intervention for young adults (aged 10–25) with substance abuse; (b) employed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-experimental design; and (c) reported on substance use outcomes.

Results:

A total of 41 studies were included in the review. The findings suggest that family interventions are effective in reducing substance use among young adults. Specifically, family interventions were associated with significant reductions in behavioural problems and improvements in family functioning.
From silence to Pride? A feminist visual narrative analysis of the Swedish Armed Forces’ Pride campaigns
Authors: Berg Elin
Published: June 2024

State militaries increasingly communicate their acceptance of LGBTQIA+ individuals through glossy visuals online. This article takes the Swedish Armed Forces as its case since, through their military marketing, they have suggested not only their protection of LGBTQIA+ rights but also their status as a ‘queer’ force for almost a decade. While the gendered representation of the Swedish military is unstable, the narrative of Nordic states’ ‘progressiveness’ is particularly sticky in international politics. Through a feminist visual narrative analysis of SAF’s Pride campaigns, the author identifies patterns and tensions in the ‘queer’ Swedish military narrative and argues that the Pride campaigns mark attempts at normalizing cis-heteronormativity while consolidating the Swedish nation ‘brand’ as internationalist, feminist and LGBTQIA+ friendly. In the process, they (re)produce conventionally ‘queer’ subjects: the patriot and victim, which through wider discourses of neoliberalism and homonationalism rely on ‘Western’ notions of what it means to be LGBTQIA+ in Sweden and beyond.
Genetic association between FADS and ELOVL polymorphisms and the circulating levels of EPA/DHA in humans: a scoping review
Authors: Loukil Insaf , Mutch David M. , Plourde Mélanie
Published: June 2024

Background

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are two omega-3 fatty acids that can be synthesized out of their precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). FADS and ELOVL genes encode the desaturase and elongase enzymes required for EPA and DHA synthesis from ALA; however, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS and ELOVL genes could modify the levels of EPA and DHA synthesized from ALA although there is no consensus in this area. This review aims to investigate EPA and DHA circulating levels in human blood and their association with FADS or ELOVL.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were used to identify research articles. They were subsequently reviewed by two independent investigators.

Results

Initially, 353 papers were identified. After removing duplicates and articles not meeting inclusion criteria, 98 full text papers were screened. Finally, this review included 40 studies investigating FADS and/or ELOVL polymorphisms. A total of 47 different SNPs in FADS genes were reported. FADS1 rs174537, rs174547, rs174556 and rs174561 were the most studied SNPs, with minor allele carriers having lower levels of EPA and DHA. SNPs in the FADS genes were in high linkage disequilibrium. SNPs in FADS were correlated with levels of EPA and DHA. No conclusion could be drawn with the ELOVL polymorphisms since the number of studies was too low.

Conclusion

Specific SNPs in FADS gene, such as rs174537, have strong associations with circulating levels of EPA and DHA. Continued investigation regarding the impact of genetic variants related to EPA and DHA synthesis is warranted.
Genomics of hybrid parallel origin in Aquilegia ecalcarata
Authors: Geng Fang-Dong , Liu Miao-Qing , Zhang Xue-Dong , Wang Lu-Zhen , Lei Meng-Fan
Published: June 2024

Background

The parallel evolution of similar traits or species provides strong evidence for the role of natural selection in evolution. Traits or species that evolved repeatedly can be driven by separate de novo mutations or interspecific gene flow. Although parallel evolution has been reported in many studies, documented cases of parallel evolution caused by gene flow are scarce by comparison. Aquilegia ecalcarata and A. kansuensis belong to the genus of Aquilegia, and are the closest related sister species. Mutiple origins of A. ecalcarata have been reported in previous studies, but whether they have been driven by separate de novo mutations or gene flow remains unclear.

Results

In this study, We conducted genomic analysis from 158 individuals of two repeatedly evolving pairs of A. ecalcarata and A. kansuensis. All samples were divided into two distinct clades with obvious geographical distribution based on phylogeny and population structure. Demographic modeling revealed that the origin of the A. ecalcarata in the Eastern of China was caused by gene flow, and the Eastern A. ecalcarata occurred following introgression from Western A. ecalcarata population. Analysis of Treemix and D-statistic also revealed that a strong signal of gene flow was detected from Western A. ecalcarata to Eastern A. ecalcarata. Genetic divergence and selective sweep analyses inferred parallel regions of genomic divergence and identified many candidate genes associated with ecologically adaptive divergence between species pair. Comparative analysis of parallel diverged regions and gene introgression confirms that gene flow contributed to the parallel evolution of A. ecalcarata.

Conclusions

Our results further confirmed the multiple origins of A. ecalcarata and highlighted the roles of gene flow. These findings provide new evidence for parallel origin after hybridization as well as insights into the ecological adaptation mechanisms underlying the parallel origins of species.
Draft assembly and annotation of the Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) genome
Authors: Meredith Robert W. , Milián-García Yoamel , Gatesy John , Russello Michael A. , Amato George
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The new data provide an important genomic resource for the Critically Endangered Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer). Cuban crocodiles are restricted to the Zapata Swamp in southern Matanzas Province, Cuba, and readily hybridize with the widespread American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in areas of sympatry. The reported de novo assembly will contribute to studies of crocodylian evolutionary history and provide a resource for informing Cuban crocodile conservation.

Data description

The final 2.2 Gb draft genome forC. rhombiferconsists of 41,387 scaffolds (contigs: N50 = 104.67 Kb; scaffold: N50-518.55 Kb). Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) identified 92.3% of the 3,354 genes in the vertebrata_odb10 database. Approximately 42% of the genome (960Mbp) comprises repeat elements. We predicted 30,138 unique protein-coding sequences (17,737 unique genes) in the genome assembly. Functional annotation found the top Gene Ontology annotations for Biological Processes, Molecular Function, and Cellular Component were regulation, protein, and intracellular, respectively. This assembly will support future macroevolutionary, conservation, and molecular studies of the Cuban crocodile.
The impact of the combat method on radiomics feature compensation and analysis of scanners from different manufacturers
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Iqbal bin Saripan M. , Wu Yanjun , Wang Zhongxiao , Wen Dong , Cao Zhendong , Wang Bingzhen , Xu Shiqi , Liu Yanli , Marhaban Mohammad Hamiruce , Dong Xianling
Published: June 2024

Background

This study investigated whether the Combat compensation method can remove the variability of radiomic features extracted from different scanners, while also examining its impact on the subsequent predictive performance of machine learning models.

Materials and methods

135 CT images of Credence Cartridge Radiomic phantoms were collected and screened from three scanners manufactured by Siemens, Philips, and GE. 100 radiomic features were extracted and 20 radiomic features were screened according to the Lasso regression method. The radiomic features extracted from the rubber and resin-filled regions in the cartridges were labeled into different categories for evaluating the performance of the machine learning model. Radiomics features were divided into three groups based on the different scanner manufacturers. The radiomic features were randomly divided into training and test sets with a ratio of 8:2. Five machine learning models (lasso, logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, neural network) were employed to evaluate the impact of Combat on radiomic features. The variability among radiomic features were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the receiver curve (AUC) were used as evaluation metrics for model classification.

Results

The principal component and ANOVA analysis results show that the variability of different scanner manufacturers in radiomic features was removed (P˃0.05). After harmonization with the Combat algorithm, the distributions of radiomic features were aligned in terms of location and scale. The performance of machine learning models for classification improved, with the Random Forest model showing the most significant enhancement. The AUC value increased from 0.88 to 0.92.

Conclusions

The Combat algorithm has reduced variability in radiomic features from different scanners. In the phantom CT dataset, it appears that the machine learning model’s classification performance may have improved after Combat harmonization. However, further investigation and validation are required to fully comprehend Combat’s impact on radiomic features in medical imaging.
HIV-related public stigma in the era of “Undetectable = Untransmittable”: a population-based study in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Leonia Hiu-Wan , Lee Man-Po , Wong Bonnie Chun-Kwan , Kwong Tsz-Shan , Hui Wai-Man , Chan Jacky Man-Chun , Lee Shui-Shan
Published: June 2024

Background

While global efforts are increasingly relying upon biomedical advancements such as antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to end the HIV epidemic, HIV-related stigma remains a concern. This study aimed to assess the general public’s awareness and perception of “Undetectable = Untransmittable” (U = U) and PrEP, and the patterns of public stigma towards people living with HIV (PLWH) and their determinants in an Asian Pacific city.

Methods

A population-based, self-administrated online survey was conducted between 10–20 March 2023. All adults aged ≥ 18 years and currently living in Hong Kong were eligible. Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, awareness and perception of U = U and PrEP, as well as HIV-related stigma drivers, experience and practices were collected. Latent class analysis was used to delineate population subgroups based on their stigma profiles as reflected by 1.) fear of infection, 2.) concern about socioeconomic ramification of the disease, 3.) social norm enforcement, 4.) perceived stigma in the community, and 5.) stigmatising behaviours and discriminatory attitudes. Memberships of identified subgroups were then correlated with sociodemographic factors, awareness and perception of U = U and PrEP, using multinominal logistic regression.

Results

Responses from a total of 3070 participants (55% male; 79% aged 18–54) were analysed. A majority, 69% and 81%, indicated that they had never heard of U = U and PrEP respectively, and only 39–40% of participants perceived these to be effective in protection from HIV. Four distinct subgroups were identified, namely “Low stigma” (37%), “Modest stigma” (24%), “Moderate stigma” (24%), and “High stigma” (15%). Compared with “Low stigma”, lack of awareness of and/or negative perceptions towards U = U and/or PrEP, not knowing any PLWH were associated with increased odds of higher stigma group membership. Lower educational level and not in employment were associated with increased odds of membership in “Moderate stigma” and “High stigma”. While older people were more likely to belong to “High stigma”, female were more likely to belong to “Moderate stigma”. “Modest stigma” included more younger people who were economically active.

Conclusion

Two-thirds of participants endorsed modest-to-high HIV-related stigma, suggesting the prevalence of HIV-related stigma was high among the general population in Hong Kong. Tailored interventions targeting specific stigma drivers and manifestations of individuals as reflected from the stigma profiles of distinct subgroups could form an important strategy for stigma reduction.
Climate-sensitive health counselling in Germany: a cross-sectional study about previous participation and preferences in the general public
Authors: Krippl Nicola , Mezger Nikolaus C.S. , Danquah Ina , Nieder Jessica , Griesel Silvan , Schildmann Jan , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Kantelhardt Eva J. , Herrmann Alina
Published: June 2024

Background

In response to climate change (CC), medicine needs to consider new aspects in health counselling of patients. Such climate-sensitive health counselling (CSHC) may include counselling patients on preventing and coping with climate-sensitive diseases or on leading healthy and climate-friendly lifestyles. This study aimed to identify previous participation in and preferences for CSHC as well as associated sociodemographic and attitudinal factors among the general public in Germany.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in a population-based online panel in five German federal states (04–06/2022). We performed descriptive statistics and multivariable regression analysis to assess prior participation in CSHC and content preferences regarding CSHC, as well as associations between sociodemographic variables and general preference for CSHC.

Results

Among 1491 participants (response rate 47.1%), 8.7% explicitly reported having participated in CSHC, while 39.9% had discussed at least one CSHC-related topic with physicians. In the studied sample, 46.7% of participants would like CSHC to be part of the consultation with their physician, while 33.9% rejected this idea. Participants aged 21 to 40 years (versus 51 to 60), individuals alarmed about CC (versus concerned/cautious/disengaged/doubtful/dismissive), and those politically oriented to the left (vs. centre or right) showed greater preference for CSHC in the multivariable regression model. Most participants wanted to talk about links to their personal health (65.1%) as opposed to links to the health of all people (33.2%).

Conclusions

Almost half of the participants in this sample would like to receive CSHC, especially those who are younger, more alarmed about CC and more politically oriented to the left. More research and training on patient-centred implementation of CSHC is needed.
Association between PM2.5 from a coal mine fire and FeNO concentration 7.5 years later
Authors: Kress Sara , Lane Tyler J. , Brown David , Smith Catherine L. , Gao Caroline X. , McCrabb Thomas , Thomas Mikayla , Borg Brigitte M. , Thompson Bruce R. , Abramson Michael J.
Published: June 2024

Background and aim

There are few long-term studies of respiratory health effects of landscape fires, despite increasing frequency and intensity due to climate change. We investigated the association between exposure to coal mine fire PM2.5 and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration 7.5 years later.

Methods

Adult residents of Morwell, who were exposed to the 2014 Hazelwood mine fire over 6 weeks, and unexposed residents of Sale, participated in the Hazelwood Health Study Respiratory Stream in 2021, including measurements of FeNO concentration, a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Individual exposure to coal mine fire PM2.5 was modelled and mapped to time-location diaries. The effect of exposure to PM2.5 on log-transformed FeNO in exhaled breath was investigated using multivariate linear regression models in the entire sample and stratified by potentially vulnerable subgroups.

Results

A total of 326 adults (mean age: 57 years) had FeNO measured. The median FeNO level (interquartile range [IQR]) was 17.5 [15.0] ppb, and individual daily exposure to coal mine fire PM2.5 was 7.2 [13.8] µg/m3. We did not identify evidence of association between coal mine fire PM2.5 exposure and FeNO in the general adult sample, nor in various potentially vulnerable subgroups. The point estimates were consistently close to zero in the total sample and subgroups.

Conclusion

Despite previous short-term impacts on FeNO and respiratory health outcomes in the medium term, we found no evidence that PM2.5 from the Hazelwood coal mine fire was associated with any long-term impact on eosinophilic airway inflammation measured by FeNO levels.
Experimental guide wire placement for total shoulder arthroplasty in glenoid models: higher precision for patient-specific aiming guides compared to standard technique without learning curve
Authors: Schader Jana F. , Helfen Tobias , Braunstein Volker , Ockert Ben , Haasters Florian , Hertel Ralph , Südkamp Norbert , Milz Stefan , Sprecher Christoph M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Patient-specific aiming devices (PSAD) may improve precision and accuracy of glenoid component positioning in total shoulder arthroplasty, especially in degenerative glenoids. The aim of this study was to compare precision and accuracy of guide wire positioning into different glenoid models using a PSAD versus a standard guide.

Methods

Three experienced shoulder surgeons inserted 2.5 mm K-wires into polyurethane cast glenoid models of type Walch A, B and C (in total 180 models). Every surgeon placed guide wires into 10 glenoids of each type with a standard guide by DePuy Synthes in group (I) and with a PSAD in group (II). Deviation from planned version, inclination and entry point was measured, as well as investigation of a possible learning curve.

Results

Maximal deviation in version in B- and C-glenoids in (I) was 20.3° versus 4.8° in (II) (p < 0.001) and in inclination was 20.0° in (I) versus 3.7° in (II) (p < 0.001). For B-glenoid, more than 50% of the guide wires in (I) had a version deviation between 11.9° and 20.3° compared to ≤ 2.2° in (II) (p < 0.001). 50% of B- and C-glenoids in (I) showed a median inclination deviation of 4.6° (0.0°-20.0°; p < 0.001) versus 1.8° (0.0°-4.0°; p < 0.001) in (II). Deviation from the entry point was always less than 5.0 mm when using PSAD compared to a maximum of 7.7 mm with the standard guide and was most pronounced in type C (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

PSAD enhance precision and accuracy of guide wire placement particularly for deformed B and C type glenoids compared to a standard guide in vitro. There was no learning curve for PSAD. However, findings of this study cannot be directly translated to the clinical reality and require further corroboration.
Enhancing cervical cancer knowledge among women of reproductive age: a dialogue-based community health education intervention in rural Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Onyango Ochomo Edwin , Masinde David , Ouma Collins
Published: June 2024

Background

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women of reproductive age despite being treatable if it is diagnosed early. Early diagnosis is possible through regular screening through the public health system. However, screening rates remain low in many low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya, where the screening rate currently stands at 16–18%. The low screening rates are attributed to, among other factors, low knowledge about cervical cancer and the available screening options among women of reproductive age. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of dialogue-based community health education by trained community health volunteers (CHVs) in improving cervical cancer knowledge among women of reproductive age (WRA) in rural Kisumu County.

Methods

This was a longitudinal pre- and post-intervention study with a control group. The knowledge of women of reproductive age was assessed at baseline in both the intervention and control groups, followed by dialogue-based community health education in the intervention arm. A final end-line knowledge assessment was performed. The scores at baseline and at the end of the study were compared to assess changes in knowledge due to the intervention. The proportion of WRA with improved knowledge was also calculated, and statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

There was no significant difference between the participants in the two arms, except for the level of education (p = 0.002). The knowledge of the WRA in the intervention arm improved significantly (p < 0.001) following the dialogue-based educational intervention by the trained CHVs. None of the demographic characteristics were associated with knowledge.

Conclusion

Dialogue-based educational intervention significantly improved the knowledge of the WRA in the intervention arm, showing its potential to address the knowledge gap in the community.