bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive potential of male rats in the experimental model of wildfire
Authors:   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Vokina V. A. , Kapustina E. A. ,   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Novikov M. A. ,   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Andreeva E. S. ,   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research
Published: December 2021

The assessment of the indicators of the reproductive potential of male white rats exposed to smoke for 1 month was carried out. Examination of exposed animals included determination of the spermatogenesis index and the level of DNA fragmentation and methylation in the testes and blood. A statistically signifi-cant increase in the level of genome-wide methylation in the blood of rats exposed to smoke was revealed. A morphometric study of the testis tissue revealed a violation of spermatogenesis indices in exposed rats.
Course use of chaga infusion for adapting of dogs in the period of changing the type of feeding
Authors:   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Pastukhova L. A. , Rodimova E. V. ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Krylova I. O. ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The effect of the course (orally for one month) use of a biologically active additive of natural origin (infu-sion of pharmacy drug Inonotus obliquus Pil.) on some indicators of the functional state of working dogs in the period of changing the type of feeding was studied. Experimental and control groups of working dogs of the German shepherd breed included five individuals each. The positive effect of Chaga on the calcium-phosphorus ratio in the blood and a tendency to improve the biochemical parameters of the blood, reflecting the quality of assimilation of nitrogenous components of dry feed and the state of the uri-nary system of animals. The drug softens the transition from natural to dry feeding, stabilizes homeostasis indicators; has a prolonged positive effect on the intensity of weight gain, in the doses used it is not toxic and can be recommended for use in service dog breeding.
FEATURES OF THE POLITICAL IMAGE OF A REGIONAL LEADER ON THE INTERNET
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod., Kaminchenko D. I.
Published: December 2021

The article studies the image of a regional leader in the modern political and communicative space of the Internet. The author analyzes the main role-image constructs used by the head of one of the constituent enti-ties of the Russian Federation on Instagram. The definition of the concept "role-image construct" is intro-duced. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of the information society and the concept of net-work identity. The author uses qualitative and quantitative content analysis and comparative analysis as the main research methods. The information source of the study is the official Instagram account of the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the posts from December 25, 2019 to October 7, 2020. The research results show that oftentimes the posts of the governor reflect such role-image constructs as “organizer” and “crisis manager”. The interest of the audience is peaked by the posts, where such role-image constructs as "crisis manager", "builder", "business executive" and "a person who knows and respects the history of the country / city" are shown. In accordance with the study's findings, practical recommendations are formulated regard-ing the possible strengthening of the support of the head of the region through the more frequent posts using specific role-image constructs.
BIG DATA IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN PUBLIC POLICY: FROM ANALYSIS OF THEORIES TO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRACTICES
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Shmeleva S. А.
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the theoretical research base of the last decade on the use of big data in the decision-making process in public administration and describes the methodology proposed by Van der Voort for eval-uating the influence of the two elements on each other. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that there is an extensive study of the use of big data in public administration with an emphasis on potential benefits and threats that conditionally divides researchers into techno-optimists and techno-pessimists. Most studies are empirical in nature, however, they are fragmented and use different approaches to identify the relationships between big data and political decision making. The question arises as to how can we verify or evaluate the relationship between big data and the political decision-making process, taking into account both the dubious reliability of the data used in the process and the interests of decision-makers. The article describes the methodology proposed by Van der Voort for assessing these relationships taking into account the role of ac-tors in the political decision-making process using big data, as well as their interests and values.
THEORIES OF TOTALITARISM: QUESTION OF OBJECTIVITY
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Klimenko N.V. , Sedov V. V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Potapov I. I. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

Research of totalitarianism in modern science is changing. Over time, it has become clear that it is necessary to revise the basic approaches to the study of this problem. The article is devoted to the research of the main theoretical concepts of totalitarianism of the XX-XXI centuries for their bias. An attempt is made to system-atically analyze existing works in order to identify similar and different features in approaches to the study. The methodology is based on the analysis of the works of leading philosophers and political scientists. The comparative research method helps to see how much scientific works and their authors are engaged. The re-search determines the parallels that exist between the dominant and less widespread views on the phenome-non of totalitarianism. The authors consider different levels of problems that hinder the formation of a de-tached scientific discourse about this phenomenon. The analysis of individual works helps to formulate and understand the main views on this political regime. The main result of the research is the possibility of rais-ing the question of the objectivity of the approaches of European and American scientists in the study of to-talitarianism.
Reflection of project and program management principles in the budget legislation of Russia
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Zolotareva A. B.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article is devoted to the analysis of normative acts regulating the application of project and program management principles in the budget planning process in Russia. Objectives: to assess the regulatory framework of project and program management for its integrity, consistency and compliance with budget legislation and international standards of program and project management; to formulate the areas to optimize program and project budgeting in Russia. Methods: the research uses methods of comparative legal and system analysis. Results: the main issues in legal regulation in the field of research are identified, including: non-compliance of the actual strategic planning procedure with the requirements of the federal law; excessive number and mutual duplication of the content of project and program documents in the absence of their clear hierarchy; non-compliance in the Russian legislation with such basic principles of project and program management as the limited time of the goals and objectives in program documents, concentration of powers to manage projects (programs) and responsibility for their results in the same position; the actual withdrawal of the legislative power and the Russian Government from participation in program and project management; dual power in industry management. Conclusions: to overcome the above shortcomings the following measures, among all, are advisable: to fix the status of national projects in the Federal Law “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” as the fundamental planning documents; to include data on the volume of their financial support and main activities in national projects, excluding current costs and measures already listed in the state programs; to restore the powers of the Russian Government to give approval on the national projects content (passports) as well as the federal projects outside the national ones; to bridge the gap between the powers and responsibilities of program (project) managers.
Influence of center-peripheral relations on youth educational migration
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gaynanov Damir A. , Ataeva Aysylu G. ,   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Abstract Introduction: the article outlines the existing trends in interregional youth migration with the view of identifying the factors and long-term threats in the human capital outflow from the Russian regions. Objectives: analysis of center-peripheral relations on youth educational migration, both intraand interregional. Methods: comparative, statistical, graphical and cartographic analysis of statistical data on interregional migration flows and data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Results: the study has been completed in three aspects, namely: (1) analysis of interregional youth educational migration flows based on attractiveness of higher educational institutions in three groups of Russian regions (educational centers; regions with a million- population capital city; other regions); (2) analysis of intra-regional youth migration based on comparing relative total intra- and inter-regional migration of 15–19 age group in 62 municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan located within a distance to republican capital city; (3) analysis of migration attractiveness factors for the regions accepting the migrants aged 14 and over from the Republic of Bashkortostan leaving for reasons related to education. Conclusions: center-peripheral relations as relations between economically and culturally developed center and peripheral districts that are much weaker in this sense, appear to be secondary factors for inter-regional educational migration, much moreimportant factors becoming the high quality of education as well as a subjective perception of socio-economic conditions in the region, where the young people would like to receive education. The educational centers of Russia are the most popular with applicants; while local schools and neighboring regions graduates are more attracted by large higher education institutions of regional capital cities (agglomeration center, million-population city), which focus on the local labour market in the agglomeration. At the same time, the center-peripheral relations have a larger impact on intraregional migration flows of young people, especially within a certain distance (150−180 km for the Republic of Bashkortostan); outside this distance the young people tend to gravitate to the neighboring regions where Russia’s largest cities (including educational centers and agglomerations) are located.
Hydraulic architecture of seedlings and adults of Rhizophora mangle L. in fringe and scrub mangrove
Authors: Cisneros-de la Cruz Diana J. , Yáñez-Espinosa Laura , Reyes-García Casandra , Us-Santamaría Roberth , Andrade José  Luis
Published: December 2021

Background: Mangrove plant species have distinctive anatomical and physiological responses to cope with a wide range of salinities and inundations. These strategies pertain a safe and efficient water use and transport, essential for survival.
Questions: How are the anatomical and physiological attributes of the hydraulic architecture of seedlings and adults of Rhizophora mangle ? what are the changes in hydraulic architecture of seedlings and adults of R. mangle in contrasting microenvironments?
Studied species: Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae).
Study site and dates: Scrub and fringe mangroves in Ria Celestún Biosphere Reserve, during the rainy season of 2013 (July to October).
Methods: Hydraulic conductivity and leaf water potential, as well as xylem vessel density, length, transversal and radial diameter, and area were measured for seedlings and adults from both sites. The prevailing environmental conditions (soil water potential, salinity, photon flux density, air temperature and relative humidity) were also characterized.
Results: A safer hydraulic conduction system, with narrow and more grouped vessels, was observed in seedlings than in adults of R. mangle in both sites. Adult individuals from the scrub mangrove, in the hyper saline microenvironment, had a safer hydraulic conduction system than adults in the fringe mangrove.
Conclusions: The seedling stage of R. mangle showed a safer hydraulic system than adults in both types of mangroves. However, over time this hydraulic conduction system could become more efficient or remain safe depending on the microenvironment in which individuals are growing.
Text and Discourse Linguistic Creativity of Children's English-Language Adventure Fiction
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Kiose Maria I. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The article explores the specificity of linguistic creativity in the discourse of children's English-language adventure fiction of the 1950s. The aim of the research is to develop the parametrization and vector-space method of discourse and text linguistic creativity assessment to evaluate the linguistic creativity potential of individual texts displaying similar discourse features. To serve as the research data three discourse fragments were selected, which represent three basic narrative types, Orientation, Complicating Actions, Evaluation and Resolution. To achieve the aim, the author applies the procedure of parametrization analysis followed by general and analytic statistics analysis and vector-space modelling. With the system of 52 parameters featuring linguistic creativity in phonology, word-formation, morphology, lexicology and phraseology, syntax, and graphics, the author manually annotates and processes the discourse fragments of similar size exemplifying three narrative types of adventure fiction literature, with the total sample size of 55,000 characters. General statistics analysis allowed revealing the absolute and relative parameter values in three discourse fragments and defining the relative parametric activity of single parameters and parameter levels. Analysis of variance helped define the correlation indices of parameter paired combinations, which resulted in detecting significant binary parameter groups . Individual parameter values and their binary groups served to construe the vector-space models of discourse and text linguistic creativity for the discourse narrative types under consideration. Thus, the author obtained an efficient instrument for discourse linguistic creativity evaluation and, furthermore, for assessing the potential of each individual text in terms of displaying stronger or weaker correlation with the vector coordinates of the discourse linguistic creativity vector-space model. With the frequency and variance analysis, the author disclosed two types of discourse linguistic creativity performance techniques, that is the individual parameter activation and the parameter synchronization. Both must be considered when the decision on linguistic creativity assessment in a concrete text is made. The resulting model shows that the parameter values of linguistic creativity in individual texts can manifest themselves in appearing both higher and lower than the reference parameter values of discourse creativity, which can contribute to disclosing new directions in creativity processing and understanding.
Explaining “How... Politics Actually Work”: The German Historian Wolfgang Reinhard, the Theory of Verflechtungen and Micropolitics
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Plate Alice
Published: December 2021

The conceptualization of the role of informal relationships, including patron-client relations, in the development of Early Modern state institutions in modern European historiography is usually associated with the names of R. Munier, S. Kettering and A. Maczak, whose works have long since become classics. Less well known in this context is the Verflechtungstheorie (lit. theory of entanglement), developed in the 1970s by the Freiburg historian W. Reinhard. The aim of this article is to examine the Verflechtungstheorie in historical perspective and its theoretical foundations, as well as the history of its reception in the context of the development of social history in Germany. In doing so, the author explains the reasons why Reinhard's approach occurred less influential in comparison with the works of the historians mentioned above. The article is based on a detailed study of Reinhard's works dedicated to the Verflechtungstheorie (since the 1990s micropolitics), starting from his 1979 monograph Freunde und Kreaturen (“Friends and Creatures”) and ending with the most recent publications in the 2010s. The beginning of the article is devoted to the formation of the conceptual apparatus of Reinhard's theory. He understands the term Verflechtungen as the result and foundation of social interaction based on four relationship types - kinship, compatriot, friendship and patronage, playing, according to Reinhard, a key role in premodern times. The theoretical basis of Reinhard's explanatory model is formed by the sociometry of the American sociologist J. L. Moreno, and Reinhard viewed his concept of elite relations as a kind of network analysis. Further on the article moves on analyzing the reception problem of the presented theory. According to Reinhard, the Verflechtungstheorie experienced reception difficulties within historical scholarship mostly for being technically ahead of its time. However, as the article shows, the main reason was that the concept failed to meet the zeitgeist prevailing in postwar German historiography. While social history developing under the influence of the Bielefeld school focused on the study of microhistorical subjects, Reinhards's approach was mainly a political one. Abandoning the term Verflechtungen in the mid-1990s and replacing it with the term micropolitics, Reinhard did not solve the problem. This change was a merely linguistic one, and Reinhard continued to argue that informal relations mark a negotiable stage, which is characteristic for societies with a high level of mobility and an underdeveloped statehood. In conclusion, the article shows that the results of Reinhard's scholarly work should not be considered a failure. The main merit is its continuity: some of Reinhard's former students proved that informal relationships are by no means a parasitic atavism associated solely with corruption.
Legislative Regulation of the Number of Schismatics and Documentation of the Fight against Schismatics in the 18th - Early 20th Centuries (Based on Materials from the State Archive in Tobolsk)
Authors:   Nizhnevartovsk State University, Spichak Aleksandra V. , Ugryumova Maria V. ,   Nizhnevartovsk State University
Published: December 2021

The article examines normative legal acts regulating the number of schismatics in the Russian Empire in the 18th - early 20th centuries, as well as the practical application of the legislative framework in Tobolsk Eparchy. The aim of the study was to identify the reasons for the transition of women to schism and to analyze the methods of combating female schismatics in Tobolsk Eparchy in the 18th - early 20th centuries. To reach this aim, published and unpublished sources were studied. At the first stage of the study, the legislative regulation of the number of schismatics was analyzed using the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. At the second stage, the practice of identifying and punishing schismatics in Tobolsk Eparchy was examined using the materials of the State Archive in Tobolsk stored in Fund I156 “Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory”. In the archive, 674 cases related to the fight against the schism of 1750-1914 were found. A separate category of cases is on identifying and searching for female schismatics, and converting (or attempting to co nvert) them to the Orthodox faith. These materials allow tracing how proceedings on the cases of female schismatics were organized in Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory. The problem was analyzed at the intersection of documentary, historical, source study, and historical legal research spheres. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific, historical, and specific methods of document science. As a result of studying the documents of the State Archive in Tobolsk, possible reasons for the departure of women to schism have been identified. The main reasons for a woman to become a schismatic could be her own desire, marriage to a schismatic, widowhood and survival in difficult conditions, social origin, birth into an Old Believer family (at least the presence of a schismatic mother), etc. The main method of combating female schismatics was “exhortation”, for which the schismatics were sent to Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory; the only exception was pregnant women. The features of proceedings on the struggle against female schismatics have been clarified: proceedings were secret ; the proceedings on the case could be prolonged for several months due to the correspondence of the eparchy's authorities with the spiritual boards and Tobolsk provincial government; To provide better statistics, priests could hide female schismatics who married Orthodox men from their parish and record the former as Orthodox and attending all the necessary church procedures.
Confessional “Parallel” Societies in the Context of the Immigration Policy of the Scandinavian Countries
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Talalaeva Ekaterina Yu. ,   Pushkin Leningrad State University
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes potential and real threats to the national security of the Scandinavian countries from Muslim segregated communities of immigrants who form “parallel” societies on the territory of Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Based on the commonality of the historical development, the economic system and the sociopolitical structure of the states in this geopolitical region, the research identifies general trends in the formation of a confessional parallel society and the modern political immigration strategy in Northern Europe. The study of social and political discourse and officially published documents on the problem of “parallel” societies makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of actions taken by state structures to ensure the full integration of isolated Muslim communities in the majority society. The reports of ministries and internal law enforcement agencies in the states of Northern Europe deserve special attention against the background of the widespread exploitation of the problems of Muslim parallel communities in the media and sociopolitical debates that escalate social tension in the Scandinavian countries. Despite the fact that the official reports emphasize the undeniable relevance of this problem, they exclude the possibility of escalating the current situation into a threat of national or international scale since the police keep these territories under control. However, the lack of successful integration policies of Denmark, Sweden and Norway regarding ethno-religious minorities significantly complicates the legal regulation of cultural, religious and ethnic diversity within their national borders. This situation leads to the formation of “vulnerable residential areas” with a high degree of crime against the background of a low socioeconomic standard of living. The population of such areas mainly consists of non-Western immigrants practicing Islam. Discrimination of the rights of ethno-religious minorities in democratic countries to a large extent determines the tendency to the segregation of Muslim communities from the majority society on the basis of their own cultural and religious order, which subsequently may lead to religious radicalization. Despite the positive measures taken by the governments of Denmark, Sweden and Norway to integrate Muslim minorities into the majority society, the prevailing inefficiency of the existing immigration policy in the context of the continuous expansion of cultural, religious and ethnic diversity among the population of the Scandinavian countries is stated. Moreover, the main reason for the emergence of a confessional parallel society as a modern social phenomenon lies in the practical absence of state structures and public institutions capable to ensure full integration of all citizens into a united society.
Methodological System of Future Engineers' Multilingual Training: An Empirical Research
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Bezukladnikov Konstantin E. , Prokhorova Anna A. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: December 2021

Training of highly qualified engineering personnel capable of solving professional tasks in a multilingual international environment is one of the main goals implemented within the framework of the national project known as “Education”. Expanding the range of languages taught and modernizing the approaches to teaching foreign languages can change the attitude to linguistic education in technical universities making it multifunctional, relevant to the time and more attractive for both Russian and international students. This article analyzes the methodological system of multilingual training of technical students elaborated by Anna A. Prokhorova and summarizes the results of an empirical study conducted on the basis of one of the leading Russian technical universities. The study aimed at examining the effectiveness of the proposed methodological system. The authors consider the latter to be a compound educational structure of a humanitarian nature, which is aimed at developing a multilingual communicative competence (MCC) among students of engineering specialties as well as their multicultural personality. MCC is interpreted from the perspective of the idea proposed by Konstantin E. Bezukladnikov, who offers to formulate it in terms of ‘readiness' and ‘ability'. Thus, the authors give the definition and describe the structural complex of the multilingual communicative competence, which includes basic and complementary components. The authors also stress that a multilingual educational process in a technical university is possible only in specific conditions that promote systematic language learning. In this regard, they suggest the idea of creating the architecture of a multilingual environment that is built on the principles of mobility, integration and digitalization. The methodological system of multilingual training was implemented and its efficiency was verified via experimental work with more than a thousand student participants majoring in various fields of engineering and belonging to dissimilar learning paths. The multilingual skills of the participants were diagnosed through observation, surveys, and modern methods of analyzing multilingual educational activities. The obtained indicators were recorded and discussed. The achieved results proved to be positive due to the introduction of multilingual modules such as facilitative, accelerative, communicative and transferable, presented by the authors. The statistical data analysis performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics program confirms the effectiveness of the implemented system and proves that its integration into the content of technical students' foreign language teaching is really promising.
Translator Competence Profile in the 4.0 Digital Age: Presentation Competence
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Novikova Elina Yu.
Published: December 2021

The research is devoted to the marketing component of translation activity - the scientific problem poorly studied in the translation theory. The author of the article postulates that for a successful development of the translation market a highly qualified translator with comprehensive expertise and an extensive paradigm of competencies must have the ability to self-position and selfpresentation, i.e. fully develop marketing and entrepreneurial skills. The relevance of the work is caused by the fact that in the existing translatological studies, insufficient attention is paid to the presentation competence, which determines the translator's professional career growth. The aim of the research is to analyze the required competences in modern conditions, new market requirements, as well as to analyze the translator's tools for efficient positioning in the market of translation services and the implementation of presentation competence. Using the methods of observation, comparison, interpretation, content and intent analysis, domestic and foreign research and educational works that overview the current state of the competence profile of a modern translator were examined, and translation tools and self-positioning tools were compared to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed online presentation resources of translators. The research material was the presentation materials of translators on the Internet (personal website, resume and personal profile). As a result of the research, the most relevant competences of the translator - discursive, special, and technical - have been identified; the boundaries of the presentation competence formed on the basis of three components - organizational, professional, and personal - have been determined. The analysis of the empirical material allowed determining that the most effective Internet resource for positioning a translator is a personal Internet site that contains comprehensive information about the translator, while other resources - resumes and ads for translation services - have a number of disadvantages due to limited content capabilities and to a lesser extent help the translator to promote their profile and image in the market of services. The research allows drawing a conclusion that both novice and experienced translators need presentation competence. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of developing presentation competence in the educational process of training translators, as well as implementing this competence by professional translators in their daily activities. The results of the research can be useful for both practicing translators and specialists in the field of translation studies, intercultural communication, and translation teachers.
Organization of Preschoolers' Physical Education in the Montessori Pedagogical System
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Sosunovsky Vadim S. , Zagrevskaya Alexandra I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Akinina Maria D. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Radaeva Svetlana V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

To date, in the programs implemented according to the Montessori method, the section “Physical Education” has not been adapted. The section is aimed at developing the child's general culture, physical qualities and basic motor skills. In the process of physical education, the values of Maria Montessori are not realized. The Montessori pedagogical system is among the most relevant ones today as modern education is focused on the individualization of learning. The development of health in preschool children depends on their well-organized physical education, which should be directed towards the children's harmonious development and considered in an integrative relationship with the various sections of the preschool education program (artisti c, aesthetic, educational, verbal and socio-communicative development). The aim of the research is to develop the structure and content of the model of physical education of preschool children in the Montessori pedagogical system and check its effectiveness in a pedagogical experiment. To reach this aim, the following research methods were used: pedagogical observations, modeling, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical data processing. In the course of the pedagogical experiment, a control (15 girls and 15 boys) and an experimental (15 girls and 15 boys) group were formed; a total of 60 five- and six-year-old pupils of the Montessori preschool educational institution in Tomsk took part in the study. To assess the effectiveness of the developed model, the following tests were selected: shuttle run 3x5 m, standing long jump, medicine ball throw, seated forward bends, ball catching at a distance of 5 meters. The model of preschoolers' physical education based on the integration of personality-oriented, activity-based, synergetic and technological approaches in the Montessori pedagogical system has shown its effectiveness. The research shows a positive dynamics of indicators reflecting the level of preschoo lers' motor readiness after the pedagogical experiment. At the end of the exp eriment, when comparing the indices of motor readiness demonstrated by the experimental group before and after the experiment, statistically significant differences were revealed in motor tests (ball catching at a distance of 5 m, shuttle run (3x5 m), medicine ball throwing), which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed model of five- and six-year-old preschoolers' physical education.
The Rural School and the Rural Teacher: Productive Russian and International Practices
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Sherayzina Rosa M. , Alexandrova M.V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Eflova Zinaida B. ,   Center for Education Development of Petrozavodsk City District; Association of Rural Schools of the Republic of Karelia
Published: December 2021

The comparative analysis of Russian and foreign theory and practice aims at identifying productive practices of modern rural schools, professional training and development of rural teachers. Since the sociocultural, deficiency and ambivalent approaches are determined as basic for this study, their verification allows for a constructive balance in the development of rural schools and teachers as well as for positive changes in the sociocultural educational situation in rural settlements. The comparative analysis is based on theoretical and empirical studies from different countries of the world. The authors draw on the data and analytics of large-scale international studies, results of foreign and Russian researches, international documents of educational management, statistics and media information. They also rely on their long-term experience of teaching and organizing continuous professional training for rural teachers. A rural school teacher's activity is considered as professional, determined by the specificity of the sociocultural educational situation with its differentiation, inconsistency and instability, as well by the characteristics of modern rural schools, including their social mission, multifunctionality, openness, instability/variability of its position, the latter brought about by the increasing paucity of rural school students. These factors directly determine the specificity of teaching in rural areas: educators have to teach multiple subjects and fulfill multiple functions; they are involved in local community life and often have to changes the type of their professional activity. The chain of interrelated problems in the professional activity of rural teachers is considered within the framework of their integral, professionally-oriented development. The productive Russian and foreign practices of mixed-age teaching in rural schools are underpinned by the idea of relations in mixed-age child and child-adult communities as a system-forming factor in the modern information society. The authors determine and give grounds for the following priorities in modernization of the rural school and rural teacher training: formation and development of rural schools as sociocultural educational centers of settlements; establishment of federal and regional network educational centers to promote and support mixed-age child-adult educational communities that would function as a tool for solving vital problems of local communities and rural development; mixed-age education as a productive educational technology in small rural school; personalized training for rural teachers. The study can be useful for teachers, school administrators, researchers of lifelong education for rural teachers, and pedagogical students.
Individualization of Tactical Impact: Theoretical and Applied Aspects
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Akhmedshin Ramil L. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics,   West Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the nature of the phenomenon that fundamentally determines the effectiveness of the forensic tactic, a section of forensic science. The range of problems affects methodological, historical, forensic, and psychological aspects. The result of the study was a model of tactical and forensic impact, which has not only theoretical, but also practical and applied value. The object of the research is a complex of backbone elements of the phenomenon of impact as a unique form of forensic interaction of participants in the investigation. In the study, the general methods of analysis, synthesis, systemic and structural methods and the specific methods of biographical analysis, statistical analysis, comparative historical analysis, and expert assessment were used. The article contains the following conclusions. Legal impact must be recognized as tactically and ethically permissible if it implies the possibility of variability of the reaction of the affected person, which preserves the freedom of choice for the person under investigation. A tactical technique, which boils down to only a recommendation without regard to the conditions in which they are implemented, can be recognized as an archaism today. Orientation to formalized rather than intuitive knowledge is extremely significant since the former personifies the scientific approach and the latter, at best, everyday logic. Personalization, in the context of the individualization of tactical impact, is understood as the selection of such personal characteristics that, being measured, will allow making adjustments to the use of tactical techniques. However, due to the fact that the individualizing role of a single psychological property is low, and complexes of psychological properties as systemic formations have not been studied enough, personalization can be perceived as a facilitated (express) form of individualization of tactical impact using the advantages of formalization. Typification, in the context of the individualization of tactical impact, is understood as the selection of such psychotypological features that, being measured, will allow making adjustments to the use of tactical techniques. Typical models of behavior are an ideal means of individualizing a tactical technique at the present stage of development of knowledge about a person. The research vector focused on the individualization of tactical techniques will contribute, at the theoretical level, to their deeper scientific understanding and, at the applied level, to their more effective application.
Forensic Potential of Borrowing Communication Models into the Interrogation Tactic
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Skorevich Alyona S. , Mezinov Dmitriy A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of interdisciplinary research related to the borrowing of communication models from related sciences into the forensic tactic of investigative actions. The subject matter of the research is the interpersonal interaction of interrogation participants. The study used the general research methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, system analysis, as well as the specific modeling and comparative-historical research methods. The article contains the following conclusions. Communication models are a field of interdisciplinary research that has significant potential for borrowing into forensic science in order to improve the efficiency of preliminary investigation. The existing definitions of communication that are based on the allocation of semantic components are grouped into the following approaches: cybernetic, semiotic, etho-logical, and psychological. Semantic components were established for each approach to the definition of communication by abstracting: in the cybernetic approach, it is a system of information transmission; in the semiotic approach, it is a meaningful message; in the ethological approach, it is a coordinated activity; in the psychological approach, it is an individual. The final conclusion is the idea that the forensic potential of borrowing communication models into the tactic of interrogation is based on the extent to which the approach to defining communication, within which a specific model was created, corresponds to the tasks solved by means of a certain forensic toolkit. The cybernetic approach abstracts communication into a system of information, the content of which is blocks of data. Accordingly, the sphere of forensic characterization of crimes, used as a system for grouping information contained in the testimony of the interrogated, has the greatest p otential for borrowing cybernetic models of communication. The semiotic approach focuses on the meaning that is embedded in the behavior of interrogation participants and the ways in which it is conveyed. Respectively, the sphere of overcoming the interrogated person's opposition and the tactic of targeted influence have the greatest potential for borrowing semiotic communication models. The ethological approach is focused on interaction as the need for coordinated actions of the participants in communication. Accordingly, the greatest potential for borrowing ethological models of communication belongs to the sphere of coordinating the actions of the participants in the investigation team, as well as developing tactical combinations. The psychological approach is based on the unique personality of the offender. Respectively, the sphere of establishing psychological contact and personification of tactical methods of interrogation has the greatest potential for borrowing ethological models of communication.
The Concept of Inchoativity in Works of Latin Grammarians
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Chernysheva Vlada A.
Published: December 2021

This article touches upon the idea of inchoativity in the works of Roman grammarians. It aims to observe the development of the usage of the term inchoativus in the Roman grammatical tradition. The study is based on Latin grammatical treatises dating back to the 3rd-7th centuries A.D., the most part of which was published by Heinrich Keil in the second half of the 19th century. Besides Keil's edition, the article refers to recent editions of grammatical treatises. The study was conducted using three digital textual databases including Corpora Corporum, Digital Library of Latin Texts, and PHI Latin Texts. The Latin adjective inchoativus (or inco-hativus, а less common spelling), which literally means ‘inceptive, initial', is attested in three meanings and is used in collocations concerning verbal tense, verbal inflection, and conjunctions respectively. The first two usages were widespread and refer to verbal categories, while the last one is attested only once. The article is divided into two parts. The first one discusses collocations with types of verbal tense such as gradus ‘grade, degree', distantia ‘distance', differentia ‘difference', discertio ‘difference', species ‘aspect' and tempus ‘tense' itself. The second part deals with Roman grammatical categories including forma ‘form', qualitas ‘quality', species ‘aspect', genus ‘voice', figura ‘figure'. The study draws a conclusion that the adjective inchoativus/incohativus is used with categories of tense and aspect only in the works of early grammarians including Probus, Sacerdos, Diomedes, Charisius, and PseudoProbus. However, these grammarians also mention this term with regard to verb forms ending in -sco. Mostly, inchoativity is bound with the Roman verbal category of forma, which can be observed in the works by Dositheus, Phocas, Eutyches, Audax, Pseudo-Victorinus, Donatus and his commentators Sergius, Servius, Pompeius, Cledonius, and Julian of Toledo, and species (Macrobius, Priscian), which is not to be confused with the species of tense mentioned above. Pseudo-Asper is the only Roman grammarian who exceptionally puts inchoativity into the category of figura and spells inchoativus as incohativus. If the category of forma is absent, inchoativity is reckoned to be a verbal quality (Diomedes). Inchoativity is included into the category of voice in case voice is regarded as a subcategory of quality (Sacerdos, Pseudo-Probus, and Cledonius). In respect to forms ending in -sco, inchoativity is a manifestation of the so-called grammatical category of quality.
KARESEL ATAMA İLE ÇOKLU REGRESYON VE LOJİSTİK REGRESYON SONUÇLARININ TEORİ ÇEŞİTLEMESİ KAPSAMINDA KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ESER Mehmet Taha , AKSU Gökhan
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada karesel atama ile çoklu regresyon analizinin tanıtılması, karesel atama ile çoklu regresyon ve lojistik regresyon sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma bu yönüyle kuramsal bir araştırmadır. Lojistik regresyon nicel, karesel atama ile çoklu regresyon ise nitel analiz bağlamında kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada karesel atama yöntemi ile çoklu regresyon ve lojistik regresyon kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, PISA 2015 sınavına katılan Türk ve Singapurlu öğrencilerin tamamına ilişkin fen okuryazarlığı olası başarı puanları bağımlı değişken ve öğrenci anketinde ST011 kodu ile başlayan ilk yedi madde ise bağımsız değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre karesel atama ile çoklu regresyon sonuçlarının yorumlanabilir olma anlamında lojistik regresyona göre daha avantajlı bir yapıya sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Az sayıda istatistik ve yorumlanması daha kolay çıktılar elde edilmesine yardımcı olan karesel atama ile çoklu regresyonun bu anlamda lojistik regresyona alternatif olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Aynı zamanda analizin, lojistik regresyon ve özellikle de sağlık bilimleri alanında lojistik regresyona alternatif bir şekilde kullanılan probit regresyon ile elde edilen ölçme sonuçlarına ilişkin bir geçerlik yöntemi olarak kullanılabileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.