bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR‐381‐3p attenuates doxorubicin resistance in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma via targeting homeobox A9
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Ke , Wang Weili , Han Jingjing
Published: November 2021

Abnormal microRNA (miR) expression has frequently been reported to be implicated in cancer‐related drug resistance. Herein, we planned to investigate whether miR‐381‐3p contributes to doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). DOX‐resistant ATC tissues and cell lines were prepared to detect miR‐381‐3p and homeobox A9 (HOXA9) expression. CCK8, transwell and TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and apoptosis in in vitro experiments. HOXA9 expression is intensively expressed in ATC tissues compared with benign thyroid tissues. Compared with parental ATC cell lines, HOXA9 protein expression is significantly up‐regulated in DOX‐resistant SW1736 and CAL62 cells. The knockdown of HOXA9 leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis of DOX‐resistant SW1736 and CAL62 cells. Our results also indicate a significant decrease in miR‐381‐3p expression levels in DOX‐resistant ATC tissues and cell lines. miR‐381‐3p may function as a tumour suppressor to impede proliferation, migration and invasion and induce apoptosis of DOX‐resistant SW1736 and CAL62 cells by inhibiting HOXA9 protein expression. Our results present a novel signalling axis miR‐381‐3p/HOXA9 that mediates DOX resistance in ATC. miR‐381‐3p and HOXA9 may be promising molecular targets for preventing ATC progression and drug resistance.
Testing the value of expert insight: Comparing local versus general expert judgment models
Authors: Yu Martin C. , Kuncel Nathan R.
Published: November 2021

Expert judges often claim to utilize expert insight to tailor judgments to maximize predictive validity for a specific context. We evaluated multi‐organizational assessment data regarding the prediction of supervisory ratings of job performance from ratings on individual assessment dimensions, finding no evidence that the average expert assessor effectively tailored judgments to specific organizations to maximize prediction. Expert judgment was outperformed in all organizational contexts by linear models of expert judgment, optimal weighted regression models, as well as simple sum composites. Critically, the dimension weighting policies of the expert assessors were not consistent with optimal weights for predicting job performance at any organization. We discuss why expertise tends not to contribute to predictive validity and describe methods for improving overall judgmental accuracy.
LC-MS/MS quantitation of α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CM3 and glutathione during wheat sourdough breadmaking
Authors: Won Savanna , Curtis Jonathan , Gänzle Michael
Published: November 2021

Aims

This study aimed to quantify α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor (ATI) CM3 and glutathione (GSH) during wheat sourdough breadmaking.

Methods and results

Breads were made with two wheat cultivars and fermented with Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis, F. sanfranciscensis ΔgshR or Latilactobacillus sakei; chemically acidified and straight doughs served as controls. Samples were analysed after mixing, after proofing and after baking. GSH and CM3 were quantified by multi-reaction-monitoring-based methods on an LC-QTRAP mass spectrometer. Undigested ATI extracts were further examined by SDS-PAGE.

Conclusions

GSH abundance was similar after mixing and after proofing but increased after baking (p < 0.001), regardless of fermentation. In breads baked with cv. Brennan, the samples fermented with lactobacilli had higher GSH abundance (p < 0.001) than in the controls. CM3 relative abundance remained similar after mixing and after proofing but decreased after baking (p < 0.001) across all treatments. This trend was supported by the SDS-PAGE analysis in which ATI band intensities decreased after baking (p < 0.001) in all experimental conditions. The overall effect of baking exerted a greater effect on the abundances of GSH and CM3 than fermentation conditions.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This is the first report to quantify ATI over the course of breadmaking by LC-MS/MS in sourdough and straight dough processes.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid mesotherapy versus oral tranexamic acid in patients with melasma undergoing Q‐switched fractional 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser: A blinded RCT and follow‐up
Authors: Behrangi Elham , Shemshadi Mahsa , Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Goodarzi Azadeh , Dilmaghani Sara
Published: November 2021

Background

Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Nd‐Yag fractional 1064 plus microinjection of tranexamic acid versus Nd‐Yag fractional 1064 plus oral tranexamic acid in patients with melasma.

Materials and methods

This is a prospective, randomized study with a sample size of 40 patients, 20 in each treatment arm, which was done six times with 2‐week intervals. Twenty patients were administered localized microinjections (4 mg/ml) of tranexamic acid and Q‐switched 1064 laser every 2 weeks in one arm, while in the other arm, 20 were given oral tranexamic acid 250 mg three times a day and Q‐switched 1064 laser every 2 weeks per visit.

Results

Twenty‐one patients with mean SD 40.52+‐4.95 y/o were treated with oral tranexamic acid, and 20 patients with 43.3+‐5.87 y/o treated with microinjection of tranexamic acid were analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics at the baseline (p > 0.05). The patients MASI score and ∆E decrease over the study period in both treatments significantly (p < 0.001). However, patient's MASI score (p = 0.99) and ∆E (p = 0.53) did not differ significant between the two group over the time. Satisfaction (p = 0.41) and complication during the study period (p = 0.09) were not significantly different between the two group.

Conclusion

The combination treatment method can be a viable option for Middle Eastern patients having melasma disorder, and tranexamic acid appears to be an effective and safe treatment for melasma, irrespective of its route of administration. Tranexamic acid can increase the permeability locally by non‐invasive methods such as microneedling which is less painful than microinjection and can also increase patient satisfaction.

Although the oral method is more tolerable for the patient, it may have systemic side effects, and its combination with Q‐switch laser increases its effect regardless of the type of prescription. Therefore, it is recommended to use of this drug topically (cream or lotion) by non‐invasive methods like microneedling to reduce pain and laser treatment in future studies.
Non‐invasive diagnostic techniques in pigmentary skin disorders and skin cancer
Authors: Pathania Yashdeep Singh , Apalla Zoe , Salerni Gabriel , Patil Anant , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad
Published: November 2021

Background

Diagnosis of pigmentary skin disorders, pre‐cancerous and cancerous skin diseases is traditionally relied on visual assessment. The most widely applied invasive diagnostic technique is the skin biopsy. There have been significant technological advances in non‐invasive diagnostic methods for skin disorders.

Objective

The objective of this article is to discuss different non‐invasive diagnostic modalities, used in the diagnosis of pigmentary skin disorders and cutaneous cancers.

Methods

Comprehensive literature search was performed to screen articles related to non‐invasive diagnostic techniques in pigmentary skin disorders and cutaneous cancers. Articles published in journals indexed in PubMed were searched along with those in Google Scholar. Clinical trials, review articles, case series, case reports and other relevant articles were considered for review. References of relevant articles were also considered for review.

Results

Dermoscopy and ultrasonography were the only non‐invasive diagnostic and imaging techniques available to dermatologists for many years. The advent of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) augmented the visualization of deeper structures. Confocal laser microscopy (CLM) and reflectance spectrophotometers have showed promising results in the non‐invasive detection of pigmented lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), multispectral imaging, high frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) and adhesive patch biopsy aid in the accurate diagnosis of benign, as well as neoplastic skin diseases.

Conclusion

There have been significant advancements in non‐invasive methods for diagnosis of dermatological diseases. These techniques can be repeatedly used in a comfort manner for the patient, and may offer an objective way to follow the course of a disease.
Effect of ketoprofen on intravenous pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar)
Authors: Corum Orhan , Uney Kamil , Durna Corum Duygu , Atik Orkun , Coskun Devran , Zhunushova Aidai , Elmas Muammer
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ketoprofen (2 mg/kg) on the intravenous pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir (10 mg/kg) in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). Eight clinically healthy partridges were used in the study. The study was performed in two periods using a cross‐over design following a 15‐day drug washout period. Plasma concentrations of ganciclovir were determined using the high‐pressure liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector and analyzed by non‐compartmental analysis. The elimination half‐life (t1/2ʎz), area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC0‐∞), total body clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state of ganciclovir were 1.63 h, 33.22 h*μg/ml, 0.30 L/h/kg, and 0.53 L/kg, respectively. Ketoprofen administration increased the t1/2ʎz and AUC0‐∞ of ganciclovir by 78% and 108%, respectively, and while decreased ClT by 53%. The increased plasma concentration and prolonged elimination half‐life of ganciclovir caused by ketoprofen may result in the prolonged duration of action and therapeutic effect of ganciclovir. However, the concomitant use requires determination of the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen and the safety of both drugs.
Epidemiology and outcomes of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in the elderly
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Dhooria Sahajal , Garg Mandeep , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh
Published: November 2021

Background

The prevalence and outcomes of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in the elderly remain unknown.

Methods

We reviewed our database to identify the proportion of subjects diagnosed with ABPA at ≥60 years of age (ABPA‐elderly). We compared the clinical features, treatment and outcomes of ABPA‐elderly versus the non‐elderly (ABPA diagnosed at <60 years of age).

Results

Between 2007 and 2019, we encountered 810 ABPA subjects with a mean age of 34.9 years (49.4% women). Of these, 43 (5.3%) were aged ≥60 years (ABPA‐elderly). There was a trend towards lower median (interquartile range [IQR]) serum total IgE (4900 [2659‐10000] vs. 7156 [23360‐11963] IU/mL; P = .06) and Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgE (12.3 [4.8‐29.6] vs. 22.4 [7.7‐41.5] kUA/L; P = .06) in the elderly than the non‐elderly. Eosinophil counts were similar in the two groups. The median [IQR] number of segments involved by bronchiectasis (5 [2‐9] vs. 7 [4‐11]) was significantly lower in the ABPA‐elderly (P = .001). The proportion of subjects experiencing ABPA exacerbations was significantly (P = .047) lower in the elderly (25.6%) vs. the non‐elderly (40.8%). There was also a tendency towards a lower mean number of exacerbations in the elderly (155 vs. 208 exacerbation per 1000 person‐years) than the non‐elderly (P = .09). There was also a trend towards longer mean time to first exacerbation in the ABPA‐elderly than the non‐elderly (1612 vs. 1159 days).

Conclusion

ABPA was uncommon in the elderly. The bronchiectasis is less extensive with a trend towards lower immunological severity and fewer exacerbations in the elderly than the non‐elderly subjects with ABPA.
The rise of necrotrophic effectors
Authors: Kanyuka Kostya , Igna Alina A. , Solomon Peter S. , Oliver Richard P.
Published: November 2021

This article is a Commentary on Kariyawasam et al. (2022), 233: 409–426 and Richards et al. (2022), 233: 427–442.
Primary epithelioid sarcoma of the oral cavity: Review of literature and presentation of a rare entity
Authors: Brar Branden R. , Dang Rushil R. , Noonan Vikki L. , Salama Andrew R.
Published: November 2021

Background

Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare malignancy when diagnosed within the oral cavity. Currently, only four cases of primary ES of the oral cavity have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis of ES is difficult and requires differentiation from other sarcomas, benign inflammatory processes and squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Herein, we have described a primary ES of the lateral oral tongue in a young female. This is the third case of primary ES of the tongue to be reported.

Results

A young female underwent partial glossectomy and post‐operative radiation for definitive treatment of a primary ES of the lateral oral tongue with no recurrence at 18 months.

Conclusion

Epithelioid sarcoma is a clinically aggressive sarcoma with poor overall survival. Treatment is primarily based on evidence from limited case reports and treatment of non‐head and neck soft tissue sarcomas. Treatment requires a multimodal approach including surgical excision and often postoperative radiation therapy, and close follow‐up.
A little bit of LOGIC goes a long way: Multidisciplinary management of LOGIC Syndrome‐associated oral manifestations
Authors: Tailor Artysha , Bolt Robert , Kandiah Pathanjali , Rodd Helen , Ali Khurram Syed
Published: November 2021

LOGIC syndrome (laryngeal and ocular granulation tissues in children from the Indian subcontinent), also known as Laryngo‐onycho‐cutaneous (LOC) syndrome, is a rare, autosomal recessive condition that is a subtype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), primarily occurring in individuals of Punjabi ancestry. First observed by Shabbir et al in 1986, it has since been discovered that the syndrome is a result of autosomal recessive mutations in the LAMA3 gene. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome can be life threatening and are characterised by excessive granulation tissue deposition on the skin and mucous membranes including laryngeal, ocular and oral sites. Oral manifestations can drastically affect the quality of life. We present a case of LOGIC syndrome to highlight the importance of clinicians understanding the oral manifestations of the syndrome and implementing a multidisciplinary approach with good communication across specialities, including pathologists.
A multi‐disciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases: An EAACI Task Force
Authors: Vassilopoulou Emilia , Skypala Isabel , Feketea Gavriela , Gawlik Radoslaw , Dunn Galvin Audrey , Meyer Rosan , Pitsios Constantinos , Maria Pop Raluca , Ryan Dermot , Said Maria , Scheire Sophie , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Kull Inger
Published: November 2021

Background

Guidelines for management of patients with allergic conditions are available, but the added value of nurses, allied healthcare professionals (AHPs), and general practitioners (GPs), in the management of allergic disease, has not been fully clarified. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) appointed a task force to explore this issue.

Aim

To investigate the added value of nurses, AHPs, and GPs in management of allergic diseases, in an integrated model of care.

Methods

A search was made of peer‐reviewed literature published between 2010 and December 2020 (Cochrane Library, PubMed, and CINAHL) on the involvement of the various specific healthcare providers (HCPs) in the management of allergic diseases.

Results

Facilitative models of care for patients with allergies can be achieved if HCP collaborates in the diagnosis and management. Working in multi‐disciplinary teams (MDT) can increase patients' understanding of the disease, adherence to treatment, self‐care capabilities, and ultimately improve quality of life. The MDT competencies and procedures can be improved and enhanced in a climate of mutual respect and shared values, and with inclusion of patients in the planning of care. Patient‐centered communication among HCPs and emphasis on the added value of each profession can create an effective integrated model of care for patients with allergic diseases.

Conclusion

Nurses, AHPs, and GPs, both individually and in collaboration, can contribute to the improvement of the management of patients with allergic disease. The interaction between the HCPs and the patients themselves can ensure maximum support for people with allergies.
Short‐term warming does not affect intrinsic thermotolerance but induces strong sustaining photoprotection in tropical evergreen citrus genotypes
Authors: Guha Anirban , Vharachumu Talent , Khalid Muhammad F. , Keeley Mark , Avenson Thomas J. , Vincent Christopher
Published: November 2021

Consequences of warming and postwarming events on photosynthetic thermotolerance (PT) and photoprotective responses in tropical evergreen species remain elusive. We chose Citrus to answer some of the emerging questions related to tropical evergreen species' PT behaviour including (i) how wide is the genotypic variation in PT? (ii) how does PT respond to short‐term warming and (iii) how do photosynthesis and photoprotective functions respond over short‐term warming and postwarming events? A study on 21 genotypes revealed significant genotypic differences in PT, though these were not large. We selected five genotypes with divergent PT and simulated warming events: Tmax 26/20°C (day‐time highest maximum/night‐time lowest maximum) (Week 1) < Tmax 33/30°C (Week 2) < Tmax 36/32°C (Week 3) followed by Tmax 26/16°C (Week 4, recovery). The PT of all genotypes remained unaltered despite strong leaf megathermy (leaf temperature > air temperature) during warming events. Though moderate warming showed genotype‐specific stimulation in photosynthesis, higher warming unequivocally led to severe loss in net photosynthesis and induced higher nonphotochemical quenching. Even after a week of postwarming, photoprotective mechanisms strongly persisted. Our study points towards a conservative PT in evergreen citrus genotypes and their need for sustaining higher photoprotection during warming as well as postwarming recovery conditions.
Associations between executive functioning, personality, and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Stolz Mary Gray , Rea Kelly E. , Cushman Grace K. , Quast Lauren F. , Gutierrez‐Colina Ana M. , Eaton Cyd , Blount Ronald L.
Published: November 2021

Background

Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients are susceptible to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), given the presence of a life‐threatening chronic medical condition and potential for complications. However, little is known about what individual characteristics are associated with an increased risk for PTSS among youth who received an organ transplant. The aim of the current study was to evaluate PTSS and its associations with executive functioning (EF) and personality (i.e., neuroticism and conscientiousness) among adolescents with solid organ transplants.

Methods

Fifty‐three adolescents (Mage = 16.40, SD = 1.60) with a kidney, heart, or liver transplant completed self‐report measures of PTSS and personality, whereas caregivers completed a caregiver‐proxy report of adolescent EF.

Results

Twenty‐two percent of adolescent transplant recipients reported clinically significant levels of PTSS. Higher EF difficulties and neuroticism levels, and lower conscientiousness levels were significantly associated with higher PTSS (rs −.34 to .64). Simple slope analyses revealed that adolescents with both high EF impairment and high levels of neuroticism demonstrated the highest PTSS (t = 3.47; p < .001).

Conclusions

Most adolescent transplant recipients in the present study did not report clinically significant levels of PTSS; however, those with high neuroticism and greater EF difficulties may be particularly vulnerable to PTSS following organ transplantation. Following transplantation, medical providers should assess for PTSS and risk factors for developing PTSS. Identification of those at risk for PTSS is critical, given the strong associations between PTSS and certain medical outcomes (e.g., medication nonadherence) among these youth.
Application of adrenocorticotropic hormone in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis post‐transplantation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Lizhi , Wu Jingyi , Ying Daojing , Jiang Mengjie , Xu Yuanyuan , Mo Ying , Rong Liping , Jiang Xiaoyun
Published: November 2021

Background

The recurrence rate of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) post‐renal transplantation is as high as 30%–50%. However, the pathogenesis is unclear. At present, there is no unified standard for the treatment of recurrent FSGS post‐transplantation. Its treatment is full of risks and challenges.

Methods

We report a child with recurrent FSGS with massive proteinuria 6~9 g/m2/day and resistance to plasma exchange (PE) and rituximab (RTX). On the basis of receiving anti‐rejection therapy of prednisone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), we treated the child with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and reviewed the literature on the application of ACTH in the recurrence of FSGS post‐transplantation.

Results

After 1 year of treatment with ACTH, the patient's urinary protein decreased and fluctuated between 0.6 and 1.1 g/m2/day. The albumin (ALB) and cholesterol (CHOL) returned to the normal range. The patient achieved complete remission after 19 months of ACTH treatment and maintained until now. There was no obvious adverse reaction. Literature review showed that up to February 2021, a total of 8 studies showed the use of ACTH in kidney transplant patients, and all the patients in the study achieved remission.

Conclusions

ACTH is a potential option for treating recurrent FSGS post‐transplantation with fewer side effects and relatively safe for patients. However, further evaluation is needed to better adapt to different populations.
Threshold Ocular Exposure to Near Infrared Radiation for Causing Acute Opacification in the Rabbit Lens
Authors: Okuno Tsutomu , Kojima Masami , Hasanova Nailia , Ishiba Yoshihisa , Sliney David H.
Published: November 2021

Surveys and epidemiological studies have reported an increased prevalence of cataracts in the glass and steel industries, which are associated with exposure to intense infrared radiation (IR). Indeed, animal studies have demonstrated that IR exposure can produce acute changes in the crystalline lens that are likely to lead to cataract formation. However, little is known about threshold IR exposure for causing acute cataractous changes, which is important in the prevention of IR‐induced cataract, especially as a basis for short‐term IR exposure limits. Previously, we exposed rabbit eyes to 808 nm wavelength IR at different irradiances for 6 min to determine the threshold irradiance to cause acute lens opacification. Presently, we similarly determined the threshold irradiance for exposure durations of 3 min, 1 min, 30 s, 10 s and 4 s. The threshold irradiance increased steadily with decreasing exposure duration, from 1.1 W cm−2 at 6 min to 4.1 W·cm−2 at 4 s. These threshold values are consistent with ICNIRP exposure limits to avoid IR‐induced cataract formation in the tested range of exposure duration, but suggest that it may be necessary to lower the exposure limits for shorter exposure durations.
Invariant variational schemes for ordinary differential equations
Authors: Bihlo Alex , Jackaman James , Valiquette Francis
Published: November 2021

We propose a novel algorithmic method for constructing invariant variational schemes of systems of ordinary differential equations that are the Euler–Lagrange equations of a variational principle. The method is based on the invariantization of standard, noninvariant discrete Lagrangian functionals using equivariant moving frames. The invariant variational schemes are given by the Euler–Lagrange equations of the corresponding invariantized discrete Lagrangian functionals. We showcase this general method by constructing invariant variational schemes of ordinary differential equations that preserve variational and divergence symmetries of the associated continuous Lagrangians. Noether's theorem automatically implies that the resulting schemes are exactly conservative. Numerical simulations are carried out and show that these invariant variational schemes outperform standard numerical discretizations.
Revisiting economic effectiveness of foreign aid: The case of Japanese aid to China
Authors: Shao Jing , Wang Maojun
Published: November 2021

Over the years, several studies have assessed whether foreign aid plays an active role in promoting economic growth of the recipient country, but to date, it is still an unresolved question. Based on the case of Japan's aid to China, this paper uses the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to evaluate the economic effect of aid, compared with the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The results reveal the following: (1) In the OLS model, Japanese aid to China surprisingly hampered China's economic growth. (2) In the GWR model, the Japanese aid's effectiveness appears a noticeable regional differentiation in line with both the orientation and extent of aid. (3) In the GTWR model, however, the economic effectiveness of aid changes both over time and in space. The spatiotemporal heterogeneous relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in a recipient country challenges the traditional belief that aid either can or cannot promote the recipient country's economic growth. This finding provides a new perception of the economic effectiveness of aid.
Gross, computed tomographic, and endoscopic anatomy of the equine carpal extensor tendon sheaths
Authors: Baldwin Christopher M. , Morgan Rhiannon E. , Crawford Andrew L. , Villarino Nicolas F. , Rubio‐Martínez Luis M.
Published: November 2021

Objective

(1) To describe the computed tomography (CT) and gross anatomy of the equine extensor carpi radialis sheath (ECRS) and common digital extensor sheath (CDETS); (2) to describe a single‐portal endoscopic examination of the ECRS and CDETS.

Study design

Ex vivo experimental.

Sample population

Thirty clinically normal cadaver thoracic equine limbs severed at the humeral diaphysis.

Methods

Ten limbs underwent plain and intrathecal contrast CT examinations and gross dissection of the ECRS and CDETS. Single‐portal endoscopic examination of ECRS and CDETS was attempted in 4 limbs and endoscopic examination was performed on 16 limbs. Endoscopic video recordings were reviewed by 3 observers for quality of visualization before dissection and examination for iatrogenic damage. Interobserver agreement for ECRS and CDETS visualization was determined with Fleiss’κagreement.

Results

Extensor carpi radialis sheath and CDETS anatomy was consistent between gross dissection and CT examinations. The ECRS endoscopic portal was medial at the level of the intersection between the extensor carpi obliquus and extensor carpi radialis tendon. The CDETS endoscopic portal was lateral, 5 cm proximal to the lateral styloid process of the ulna. The ECRS and CDETS were well visualized and interobserver agreement was substantial (κ = .73;P < .0001) and moderate (κ= .53;P < .0001), respectively.

Conclusion

Computed tomography examinations provided useful anatomical information, consistent with gross dissection of the ECRS and CDETS. The described single‐portal endoscopic techniques allowed consistent tenoscopic examination of the majority of the ECRS and CDETS.

Clinical significance

Awareness of the intrathecal anatomy of the ECRS and CDETS should facilitate the treatment of these tendon sheaths. The proposed portals provide good to excellent single‐site endoscopic visualization of the majority of the ECRS and CDETS.
On self-similar solutions of time and space fractional sub-diffusion equations
Authors: Al-Musalhi Fatma , Karimov Erkinjon
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we have considered two different sub-diffusion equations involving Hilfer, hyper-Bessel and Erdelyi-Kober fractional derivatives. Using a special transformation, we equivalently reduce the considered boundary value problems for fractional partial differential equation to the corresponding problem for ordinary differential equation. An essential role is played by certain properties of Erd\'elyi-Kober integral and differential operators. We have applied also successive iteration method to obtain self-similar solutions in an explicit form. The obtained self-similar solutions are represented by generalized Wright type function. We have to note that the usage of imposed conditions is important to present self-similar solutions via given data.
A Statistical Evaluation of Combining Human Productivity Metrics in the Indoor Environment
Authors: Keene Kevin , Jung Wooyoung
Published: November 2021

The potential of improving human productivity by providing healthy indoor environments has been a consistent interest in the building field for decades. This research field’s long-standing challenge is to measure human productivity given the complex nature of office work. Previous studies have diversified productivity metrics, allowing greater flexibility in collecting human data; however, this diversity complicates the ability to combine productivity metrics from disparate studies within a meta-analysis. This study aims to categorize existing productivity metrics and statistically assess which categories show similar behavior when used to measure the impacts of indoor environmental quality. The 106 productivity metrics compiled were grouped into six productivity metric categories: neurobehavioral speed, accuracy, neurobehavioral response time, call handling time, self-reported productivity, and performance score. Then, this study set neurobehavioral speed as the baseline category given its fitness to the efficiency-based definition of productivity (i.e., output versus input) and conducted three statistical analyses with the other categories to evaluate their similarity. As results, the categories of neurobehavioral response time, self-reported productivity, and call handling time were found to have statistical similarity with neurobehavioral speed. This study contributes to creating a constructive research environment for future meta-analyses to understand which human productivity metrics can be combined with each other.
An active impulsive noise control algorithm with a post-adaptive filter and variable step size
Authors: Li Shanjun , Jin Guoyong , Chen Yukun , Ye Tiangui
Published: November 2021

Active noise control algorithms aimed at reducing Gaussian noise have been studied. However, the performance of these algorithms can deteriorate if impulsive noise or other non-Gaussian noise such as piling noise exists. To solve this problem, an algorithm named the filtered-x affine projection sign algorithm with a post-adaptive filter is proposed to reduce impulsive noise. The proposed algorithm is based on the filtered-x affine projection sign algorithm and the post-adaptive filter structure. In addition, an algorithm with a variable step size is proposed to improve the performance of the filtered-x affine projection sign algorithm with a post-adaptive filter by using a convex combination strategy. The fixed step size in the convex combination is replaced with a linear function of the ratio between the estimated error signal and the estimated desired signal. The detailed derivation processes of the proposed algorithms are given. The computational complexities are analyzed. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms. The results illustrate that the proposed algorithms can effectively reduce impulsive noise. At the same time, the algorithm with a variable step size has better convergence performance than the filtered-x affine projection sign algorithm with a post-adaptive filter.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website.
Anthropogenic noise variation in Indian cities due to the COVID-19 lockdown during March-to-May 2020
Authors: Mimani A. , Singh R.
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes the impact of a nationwide lockdown enforced during March-to-May 2020 to prevent the widespread transmission of COVID-19 on the local anthropogenic noise level variation in Indian cities. To this end, data obtained from the National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN) was used to analyze the long-term daily evolution of average day- and night-time levels at selected locations across seven major cities. The results indicate that when the strict lockdown phase 1 was declared, all industrial (I), commercial (C), and residential (R) zones experienced either a gradual or sudden decrease in noise levels while the silence (S) zone was unaffected. Depending on the zone, the weekly trend graphs reached a minimum either during phase 1 or conditionally relaxed phase 2. Across I, C, and R zones, the average maximum day- and night-time reduction with respect to the pre-lockdown period ranged from 4 to 13.8 dB(A) and 4 to 14.1 dB(A), respectively. As anticipated, with a gradual ease in restrictions from phase 2 onwards, the levels climbed back almost linearly, and during unlocks, the daily variation resembled the pre-lockdown trend. Furthermore, the responses to an online COVID-19 noise perception survey supported the NANMN results and suggested that the lockdown was quieter.
Mobilization of
tet
(X4) by IS
1
Family Elements in Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates
Authors: Yu Runhao , Chen Zheng , Schwarz Stefan , Yao Hong , Du Xiang-Dang
Published: November 2021

The dissemination mechanism of the high-level tigecycline resistance gene
tet
(X4) in porcine
Escherichia coli
was investigated.
tet
(X4) and other antimicrobial resistance genes were located on the plasmids p1919D3-1 and p1919D62-1 and flanked by two or three copies of IS
1
family elements, which can form one to three translocatable units (TUs). Using a reduced transposition model, IS
1A
was experimentally demonstrated to mediate the transposition of
tet
(X4) from a suicide plasmid into the
E. coli
chromosome.
Recurrence Relations and Asymptotics of Colored Jones Polynomials
Authors: Aptekarev A. I. , Dudnikova T. V. , Tulyakov D. N.
Published: November 2021

We consider$$q$$-difference equations for colored Jones polynomials. These sequences of polynomials are invariants for the knots and their asymptotics plays an important role in the famous volume conjecture for the complement of the knot to the$$3$$d sphere. We give an introduction to the theory of hyperbolic volume of the knots complements and study the asymptotics of the solutions of$$q$$-recurrence relations of high order.
Impact of medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on the severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alrashed Fatema , Battat Robert , Abdullah Israa , Charabaty Aline , Shehab Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Background

During COVID-19 pandemic, the safety of medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in relation to COVID-19 has emerged as an area of concern. This study aimed to evaluate the association between IBD therapies and severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Method

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies from December 2019 to August 2021 to identify studies that reported severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients on current IBD therapies including 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), immunomodulators, corticosteroids, biologics, combination therapy, or tofacitinib.

Results

Twenty-two studies were identified. Corticosteroids (risk ratio (RR) 1.91 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.91, p=0.003)) and 5-ASA (RR 1.50 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.93, p=0.001)) were associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with IBD patients. However, possible confounders for 5-ASA use were not controlled for. Sub-analysis showed that corticosteroids increased the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission but not mortality. Immunomodulators alone (RR 1.18 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.59, p=0.28)) or in combination with anti-TNFs ((RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.15, p=0.63)), tofacitinib (RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.33, p=0.40)) and vedolizumab ((RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.31, p=0.89)) were not associated with severe disease. Anti-TNFs (RR 0.47 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.54, p<0.00001)) and ustekinumab (RR 0.55 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.72, p<0.00001)) were associated with decreased risk of severe COVID-19.

Conclusion

In patients with IBD, the risk of severe COVID-19 is higher among patients receiving corticosteroids. Corticosteroid use was associated with ICU admission but not mortality. The risk is also higher among patients receiving 5-ASAs. However, patient-level data were lacking and insufficient data existed for meta-regression analyses to adjust for confounding. Vedolizumab, tofacitinib, and immunomodulators alone or in combination with anti-TNF were not associated with severe disease. Anti-TNFs, and ustekinumab were associated with favourable outcomes.
Risk of long-term benzodiazepine and Z-drug use following the first prescription among community-dwelling adults with anxiety/mood and sleep disorders: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Brandt Jaden , Janzen Donica , Alessi-Severini Silvia , Singer Alexander , Chateau Dan , Enns Murray , Leong Christine
Published: November 2021

Objective

To measure the incidence of long-term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use among individuals with anxiety, mood and/or sleep disorders. To identify factors associated with long-term use following the first prescription.

Methods

This was a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative databases in Manitoba, Canada. Individuals with anxiety/mood or sleep disorder who received their first BZRA between 1 April 2001 and 31 March 2015 were included. Long-term use was defined as ≥180 days. Logistic regression modelling was used to examine predictors of long-term use.

Results

Among 206 933 individuals included, long-term BZRA use in the first episode of use was 4.5% (≥180 days) following their first prescription. Factors associated with ≥180 days of use included male sex (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.39), age ≥65 (aOR 5.15, 95% CI 4.81 to 5.52), income assistance (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.81), previous non-BZRA psychotropic (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.02) or opioid use (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.22), high comorbidity (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.55), high healthcare use (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.60) and psychiatrist prescriber (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.32).

Conclusions

Less than 1 in 20 patients use BZRAs ≥180 days in their first treatment episode. Several factors were associated with long-term use following the first prescription and further investigation into whether these factors need to be considered at the point of prescribing is warranted. In light of these findings, future research should examine the predictors of cumulative repeat episodes of BZRA exposure.
Can birth outcome inequality be reduced using targeted caseload midwifery in a deprived diverse inner city population? A retrospective cohort study, London, UK
Authors: Hadebe Ruth , Seed Paul T , Essien Diana , Headen Kyle , Mahmud Saheel , Owasil Salwa , Fernandez Turienzo Cristina , Stanke Carla , Sandall Jane , Bruno Mara , Khazaezadeh Nina , Oteng-Ntim Eugene
Published: November 2021

Objectives

(1) To report maternal and newborn outcomes of pregnant women in areas of social deprivation in inner city London. (2) To compare the effect of caseload midwifery with standard care on maternal and newborn outcomes in this cohort of women.

Design

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting

Four council wards (electoral districts) in inner city London, where over 90% of residents are in the two most deprived quintiles of the English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) (2019) and the population is ethnically diverse.

Participants

All women booked for antenatal care under Guys and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust after 11 July 2018 (when the Lambeth Early Action Partnership (LEAP*) caseload midwifery team was implemented) until data collection 18 June 2020. This included 523 pregnancies in the LEAP area, of which 230 were allocated to caseload midwifery, and 8430 pregnancies from other areas.

Main outcome measures

To explore if targeted caseload midwifery (known to reduce preterm birth) will improve important measurable outcomes (preterm birth, mode of birth and newborn outcomes).

Results

There was a significant reduction in preterm birth rate in women allocated to caseload midwifery, when compared with those who received traditional midwifery care (5.1% vs 11.2%; risk ratio: 0.41; p=0.02; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.86; number needed to treat: 11.9). Caesarean section births were significantly reduced in women allocated to caseload midwifery care, when compared with traditional midwifery care (24.3% vs 38.0%; risk ratio: 0.64: p=0.01; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.90; number needed to treat: 7.4) including emergency caesarean deliveries (15.2% vs 22.5%; risk ratio: 0.59; p=0.03; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.94; number needed to treat: 10) without increase in neonatal unit admission or stillbirth.

Conclusion

This study shows that a model of caseload midwifery care implemented in an inner city deprived community improves outcome by significantly reducing preterm birth and birth by caesarean section when compared with traditional care. This data trend suggests that when applied to targeted groups (women in higher IMD quintile and women of diverse ethnicity) that the impact of intervention is greater.
Use of virtual and augmented reality-based interventions in health education to improve dementia knowledge and attitudes: an integrative review
Authors: Jones Cindy , Jones Dominique , Moro Christian
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Immersive technologies such as virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) can potentially help health professionals and trainees understand psychological symptoms and responsive behaviours associated with dementia within a safe and supportive learning environment. This integrative review sought to ascertain the types of VR and AR-based interventions used in dementia education and training and its efficacy to improve knowledge and attitudes of health professionals or trainees.

Design

The protocol was submitted to PROSPERO and literature published from 2000 onwards was searched in eight databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Scopus. A total of 19 articles were included and assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Methodological quality varied across studies.

Results

VR rather than AR-based intervention are used in dementia education and training for health professional and trainees. Immersive virtual learning potentially enhance knowledge, attitudes, empathy and sensitivity of health professionals and trainees.

Conclusions

While promising, there remains a lack of conclusive and robust evidence to fully recommend the introduction and inclusion of immersive virtual learning in dementia education and training. Additional rigorously designed research studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the benefits on attitudes, empathy, sensitivity and knowledge.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020182083.
BT7480, a novel fully synthetic Bicycle tumor-targeted immune cell agonist™ (Bicycle TICA™) induces tumor localized CD137 agonism
Authors: Hurov Kristen , Lahdenranta Johanna , Upadhyaya Punit , Haines Eric , Cohen Heather , Repash Elizabeth , Kanakia Drasti , Ma Jun , Kristensson Julia , You Fanglei , Campbell Carly , Witty David , Kelly Mike , Blakemore Stephen , Jeffrey Phil , McDonnell Kevin , Brandish Philip , Keen Nicholas
Published: November 2021

Background

CD137 (4-1BB) is an immune costimulatory receptor with high therapeutic potential in cancer. We are creating tumor target-dependent CD137 agonists using a novel chemical approach based on fully synthetic constrained bicyclic peptide (Bicycle®) technology. Nectin-4 is overexpressed in multiple human cancers that may benefit from CD137 agonism. To this end, we have developed BT7480, a novel, first-in-class, Nectin-4/CD137 Bicycle tumor-targeted immune cell agonist™ (Bicycle TICA™).

Methods

Nectin-4 and CD137 co-expression analyses in primary human cancer samples was performed. Chemical conjugation of two CD137 Bicycles to a Nectin-4 Bicycle led to BT7480, which was then evaluated using a suite of in vitro and in vivo assays to characterize its pharmacology and mechanism of action.

Results

Transcriptional profiling revealed that Nectin-4 and CD137 were co-expressed in a variety of human cancers with high unmet need and spatial proteomic imaging found CD137-expressing immune cells were deeply penetrant within the tumor near Nectin-4-expressing cancer cells. BT7480 binds potently, specifically, and simultaneously to Nectin-4 and CD137. In co-cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor cells, this co-ligation causes robust Nectin-4-dependent CD137 agonism that is more potent than an anti-CD137 antibody agonist. Treatment of immunocompetent mice bearing Nectin-4-expressing tumors with BT7480 elicited a profound reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment including an early and rapid myeloid cell activation that precedes T cell infiltration and upregulation of cytotoxicity-related genes. BT7480 induces complete tumor regressions and resistance to tumor re-challenge. Importantly, antitumor activity is not dependent on continuous high drug levels in the plasma since a once weekly dosing cycle provides maximum antitumor activity despite minimal drug remaining in the plasma after day 2. BT7480 appears well tolerated in both rats and non-human primates at doses far greater than those expected to be clinically relevant, including absence of the hepatic toxicity observed with non-targeted CD137 agonists.

Conclusion

BT7480 is a highly potent Nectin-4-dependent CD137 agonist that produces complete regressions and antitumor immunity with only intermittent drug exposure in syngeneic mouse tumor models and is well tolerated in preclinical safety species. This work supports the clinical investigation of BT7480 for the treatment of cancer in humans.
Nitrous Fume Poisoning–An Insidious Hazard of Naval Warfare
Authors: Ellis F. P.
Published: November 2021

(1) The general features of nitrous fume poisoning and their correlation with the pathological findings is discussed.

(2) The likelihood of meeting this danger in fires in ammunition lockers and magazines, or in gun turrets when the air blast fails, is emphasized.

(3) The insidious nature of the fumes, and the urgent necessity for prompt donning of respirators and employment of prophylactic measures is stressed.

(4) The primary factors in treatment are early and adequate oxygen therapy and complete rest. Patients must not be transfused.