bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Nonlinearity in the Healthy Heart Rhythm
Authors: Chillemi S. , Barbi M. , Di Garbo A. , Balocchi R. , Michelassi C. , Carpeggiani C. , Emdin M.
Published: March 2018

Sequences of interbeat intervals from two groups of subjects, 24 in relaxed and 10 in sleeping condition were analyzed by the nonlinear predictor method as well as by a method, proposed recently, able to directly estimate the time series nonlinearity. The nonlinear predictability of the R-R intervals is tested by using surrogate data. The results obtained with both methods show that nearly all the sequences exhibit a statistically meaningful degree of nonlinearity. This raises the question whether such nonlinearity encodes information about the physiological condition of the examined subjects.
The Unified Medical Language System
Authors: Humphreys B. L. , McCray A. T. , Lindberg D. A. B.
Published: March 2018

In 1986, the National Library of Medicine began a long-term research and development project to build the Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS®). The purpose of the UMLS is to improve the ability of computer programs to “understand” the biomedical meaning in user inquiries and to use this understanding to retrieve and integrate relevant machine-readable information for users. Underlying the UMLS effort is the assumption that timely access to accurate and up-to-date information will improve decision making and ultimately the quality of patient care and research. The development of the UMLS is a distributed national experiment with a strong element of international collaboration. The general strategy is to develop UMLS components through a series of successive approximations of the capabilities ultimately desired. Three experimental Knowledge Sources, the Metathesaurus®, the Semantic Network, and the Information Sources Map have been developed and are distributed annually to interested researchers, many of whom have tested and evaluated them in a range of applications. The UMLS project and current developments in high-speed, high-capacity international networks are converging in ways that have great potential for enhancing access to biomedical information.
Virtual Rehabilitation - Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Burdea G.
Published: March 2018

Virtual rehabilitation represents the provision of therapeutic interventions locally or at a distance, using Virtual Reality hardware and simulations. Such therapy has been applied to various patient populations, including musculo-skeletal, post-stroke, and cognitively- impaired. This article reviews the benefits brought by VR-enhanced and VR-based rehabilitation to the above patient groups. Also discussed are the many
challenges in integrating this new technology into the medical care system.
Medical Informatics Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Masic I.
Published: March 2018

Medical informatics, as a separate medical discipline, is quickly developing in our country, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In our country, medical informatics has been a separate subject for the last ten years with regard to Medical curriculum at the biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is in accordance with the project of education related to the Bologna declaration and the project EURO MEDICINA. Last year, the Chair of Medical Informatics of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo celebrated ten years of its existence.

The research was performed using a separate questionnaire patterning data with defined characteristics for the quality assessment of the performed course. The total attitude of the assessed students shows dominant satisfaction with the majority of the parameters that are important for the assessment of the quality and the tuition contents which were evaluated through use of the questionnaire. Education in the field of medical informatics is based on the concept which is used in developed countries, according to the recommendations of the working groups of the European and international association of medical informatics. Theoretical and practical teaching and training performance as a whole is performed by use of the computer equipment, and the final knowledge check of the students is also performed using the Data Base Management System MSAccess specifically designed to cover full teaching and training material by using question sets in the data base which encircled nearly 1500 question combinations. In this paper, the author presents ten years of experience of medical informatics education at biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
New e-Health Tracks in Engineering Education of the Politecnico di Milano
Authors: Pinciroli F. , Masseroli M. , Bonacina S.
Published: March 2018

In Italian universities, most curricula have recently been deeply innovated. Out of the historical and usual five-year-based degrees to be taken after the five-year-based Secondary School / High School the University system moved into a 3+2 year university framework. Engineering curricula were changed too. Such a wide reform forced the redesign of many courses, even entire course tracks. In some cases it also facilitated the re-design of Doctoral (Ph.D.) programs. The introduction of some one-year based and subject-focused programs, to be taken right after a specifically considered degree, was facilitated as well.

At the Engineering Faculties of the Politecnico di Milano, as far as it concerns Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, curricular courses and course tracks, as well as a couple of one-year subject-oriented programs have been widely re-organized. We describe the entire new educational offer.

The aim of the educational offer remains to enable students to acquire technical skills, and to use them for becoming Medical Information and Communication Technology experts. Often the student involvement in research is the practical pass for obtaining such result. In doing so students understand better what a positive technological return for the users is. Running research programs relate to the Visible Human Dataset and Digital Anatomy, to textual and image Data Integration, to Health Information System and eHealth, and to Bioinformatics. Some prototypes, developed at the Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, are briefly mentioned.
Section 1: Health and Clinical Mangement: The Safety and Quality of Decision Support Systems
Authors: Westbrook J. I. , Wyatt J. C. , Coiera E.
Published: March 2018

The use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can improve the overall safety and quality of health care delivery, but may also introduce machine-related errors. Recent concerns about the potential for CDSS to harm patients have generated much debate, but there is little research available to identify the nature of such errors, or quantify their frequency or clinical impact.

A review of recent literature into electronic prescribing systems, as well as related literature in decision support.

There seems to be some evidence for variation in the outcomes of using CDSS, most likely reflecting variations in clinical setting, culture, training and organizational process, independent of technical variables. There is also preliminary evidence that poorly implemented CDSS can lead to increased mortality in some settings. Studies in the US, UK and Australia have found commercial prescribing systems often fail to uniformly detect significant drug interactions, probably because of errors in their knowledge base. Electronic medication management systems may generate new types of error because of user-interface design, but al so because of events in the workplace such as distraction affecting the actions of system users. Another potential source of CDSS influenced errors are automation biases, including errors of omission where individuals miss important data because the system does not prompt them to notice them, and errors of commission where individuals do what the decision aid tells to do, even when this contradicts their training and other available data. Errors of dismissal occur when relevant alerts are ignored. On-line decision support systems may also result in errors where clinicians come to an incorrect assessment of the evidence, possibly shaped in part by cognitive decision biases.

The effectiveness of decision support systems, like all other health IT, cannot be assessed purely by evaluating the usability and performance of the software, but is the outcome of a complex set of cognitive and socio-technical interactions. A deeper understanding of these issues can result in the design of systems which are not just intrinsically ‘safe’ but which also result in safe outcomes in the hands of busy or poorly resourced clinicians.
Section 3: Health Information Systems: Health Information Systems: Between Shared Care and Body Area Networks
Authors: Bott O. J. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health Information Systems
Published: March 2018

To summarize current excellent research in the field of health information systems (HIS).

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.

Current research in the field of HIS is focused on supporting transinstitutional health care processes including health record systems, integration of new data types and knowledge based decision support, patient empowerment, the utilization of new technologies like wearable systems or ubiquitous computing in home and personal care, and methods and tools for the analysis, development, management, and evaluation of HIS.

The best paper selection of articles on HIS comprises examples of excellent research on integration of HIS based on standards for electronic health records, methods and tools for HIS oriented change management, the use of wearable systems for telemedical surveillance of chronically ill patients, technology driven home care concepts for the elderly and physically disabled, and data privacy issues arising from the emergence of new clinical data types in the context of biomedicine. Besides successful research concerning important aspects of HIS, achieving interoperability and integration of health information subsystems and technology remains an important field of work.
Section 5: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management: Decision support, Knowledge Representation and Management: A broad methodological spectrum
Authors: Brigl B. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management.
Published: March 2018

To summarize current excellent research in the field of decision support, knowledge management and representation.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.

Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management covers a broad spectrum of methods applied to a variety of medical problems and domains. Some particularly interesting and current topics were picked for the IMIA Yearbook 2006: the importance of ontologies for systematic system engineering of decision support systems, syndromic surveillance based on natural language processing, the evaluation of large semantic networks, and a comprehensive ontology for a randomised controlled trial database to support evidence-based practise.

The best paper selection shows that methods for decision support, knowledge representation and management can decisively contribute to the solution of many different medical problems, but also that there is still a lot of exiting research to be done
Section 1: Health and Clinical Mangement: Health and Clinical Management – Comparing the Clinical Outcome of Computerized Strategies
Authors: Bergmann J. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health and Clinical Management
Published: March 2018

To summarize current excellent research in the field of health and clinical management.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.

Current research in the field of health and clinical management analyses impact and patient outcome of both established and recently presented approaches. Usability and effects of extracting data from computerized medical records for preventive care and surveillance issues are a topic as well as strategies for detecting adverse events.

The best paper selection in the field of health and clinical management shows examples of excellent research on assessment, strategies and concepts for computerized health information management approaches. The articles emphasize the necessity of carefully considering health information systems regarding their outcome and compatibility with clinical routine. A concerted management of knowledge about evaluated health information management approaches will advance this trend and should lead to a more evidence-based design of the underlying systems.
Section 2: Patient Records: Electronic Patient Records and their Benefit for Patient Care
Authors: Knaup P. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA-Yearbook Section on Patient Records
Published: March 2018

To summarize current excellent research in the field of patient records.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.

Current research in the field of patient records analyses users’ needs and attitudes as well as the potential and limitations of electronic patient record systems. Particular topics are the questions physicians have when assessing patients during ward rounds, the timeliness of results when ordered electronically, the quality of documenting haemophilia home therapy, attitudes towards patient access to health records and adequate strategies for record linkage in dependence on the intended purpose.

The best paper selection of articles on patient records shows examples of excellent research on methods used for the management of patient records and for processing their content as well as assessing the potential, limitations of and user attitudes towards electronic patient record systems. Computerized patient records are mature, so that they can contribute to high quality patient care and efficient patient management.
The School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria: Towards an Integrative Model for Health Informatics Education and Research
Authors: Lau F. , Borycki E. , Protti D. , Kushniruk A.
Published: March 2018

There is an increasing need for well qualified health informatics practitioners and for educational programs that produce them. Since 1981, the School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria has delivered a range of educational programs in health informatics. The School’s objective has been to produce graduates who can assume a range of roles in health informatics, including managers, developers, researchers and evaluators of health care systems.

The approach taken by the School has been to provide an integrated “holistic” approach to health informatics education that balances both theory and practice. The curriculum has emphasized interdisciplinary skills and has been based on a process of consultation with key stakeholders in both industry and academia. In addition, several new distance collaborative models for health informatics education (including a distributed MSc degree program) have been recently initiated through the University of Victoria with collaborating Canadian universities.

To date, graduates of the programs offered have become highly sought after, with the demand for graduates of the programs continually exceeding the number of graduates.The core undergraduate curriculum has recently been undergone refinement to include training in new emerging areas of health informatics. In addition, a distributed MSc program has been successfully initiated by the School, currently with 23 students participating from dispersed geographical locations across Canada.

The School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria has been involved in providing unique interdisciplinary education in health informatics for over twenty years. The School continues to maintain its emphasis on integrated education, refining its curriculum and moving into new areas such as distance education and cross-Canadian collaborations.
Section 5: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management in Medicine
Authors: Tu S. , Peleg M.
Published: March 2018

Clinical decision-support systems (CDSSs) are being recognized as important tools for improving quality of care. In this paper, we review the literature to find trends in CDSSs that were developed over the last few decades and give some indication of future directions in developing successful, usable clinical decisionsupport systems.

We searched PubMed for papers that were published during the past five years with the words Decision Support Systems appearing in the title and used our own knowledge of the field for earlier work.

The goals of developers of modern CDSSs are to develop systems that deliver needed information and could be integrated with the healthcare’s organizational dynamics. Such CDSSs form part of knowledge-management activities that healthcare organizations employ in order to excel. During the past few decades, we have witnessed a gradual maturation of knowledge representation formalisms and the needed infrastructure for developing integrated CDSSs, including electronic health record systems (EHR), standard terminologies, and messaging standards for exchange of clinical data. The demand for CDSSs that are effective and that will evolve as circumstances change gave rise to methodologies that guide developers on the construction and evaluation of CDSSs.

Although there exist many approaches for representing, managing and delivering clinical knowledge, the design and implementation of good and useful systems that will last and evolve are still active areas of research. The gradual maturation of EHR and infrastructure standards should make it possible for CDSSs implementers to make major contributions to the delivery of healthcare.
Access to Health Information
Authors: Gaudinat A. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Access to Health Information
Published: March 2018

Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of access to health information.

Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2008.

Result Four articles from in,ternational peer reviewed journals were selected for this section. This selection is composed of two studies which gives an overview of how people currently access health information and two descriptions of original systems which show actual challenges and alternatives to better access information in the health domain.

Conclusion The possibilities of access are increasingly more important for online health information, taking into mind the pros of the goal of universality and the cons of overabundance and unevenness of quality. Current research is going in the direction of studying the user behavior and building better alternative systems to reach health information. However more research should be done about the Web 2.0 technologies related to the access to Health information, since they are currently changing information access and selection paradigm.
The Promise of Systems Biology in Clinical Applications
Authors: Yip Y. L. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Bioinformatics
Published: March 2018

Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of bioinformatics.

Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2008.

Results Current research in the field of Bioinformatics shows that the emergent field of systems biology is starting to offer innovative solutions to clinically-relevant problems. The approach used can be top-down, where models are created based on hypotheses to describe previously unexplained phenomena and then tested against experimental or clinical evidence. It can also be bottom-up, where mathematical models are built by harnessing existing information about the components (e.g. protein entities, interaction networks) of a system in order to discern critical system-level mechanisms that can be relevant for clinical applications. Progress in this area is aided by the ongoing development in data integration and management, whose current focus is on better semantics for facilitating translational research. Advances in other important areas, such as microarray technology, text mining and ontologies, are also noted.

Conclusions The best paper selection of articles on bioinformatics gives examples of original research that exploits mathematical modeling to tackle medical problems and of improved semantic solutions for data integration. As new directions are explored and the technologies mature, these approaches are expected to be increasingly integrated into clinical practice.
Health and Biomedical Informatics: Opportunities and Challenges for a Twenty-First Century Profession and its Education
Authors: Hersh William
Published: March 2018

Objectives Characterize the health and biomedical informatics workforce, its professionalization, and its education.

MethodsLiterature review and analysis.

Results Although the value of health information technology is increasingly well-documented, there are still barriers to its widespread adoption around the world. One of those barriers is a well-defined and competent workforce for developing, evaluating, and implementing systems. There are plenty of opportunities in health and biomedical informatics, yet there also is still much that we do not know about this workforce and its education.

Conclusions Continued efforts must be made to characterize and understand the optimal organization and education of this workforce.
Reflections on Curiosity
Authors: van Bemmel J. H.
Published: March 2018

Objective The purpose of this article is to show that curiosity is the driving force behind all scientific endeavors. The second purpose is to show that all science is constrained on its underlying assumptions.

Methods Three examples are used to illustrate the above theses: one from cosmology, the second from biomedical research, and the third from the formalization of human reasoning in a computer. The three examples are supported by quotes from Albert Einstein [1].

Results and conclusionsResearch in cosmology shows that the horizon of our knowledge is continuously expanding but that major scientific questions remain to be solved. The second example from biomedicine explains that the more we discover of the details of living phenomena, the more complex they appear to be. The example involving human reasoning makes clear that the brain is still largely unknown territory. Like Einstein, who said he held ‘humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble mind’, I have a deep admiration for the Architect who reveals himself in the details that we are privileged to study in our research. As Albert Einstein said: The important thing is not to stop questioning.

Curiosity has its own reason for existing.
Closing the Loops in Biomedical Informatics From Theory to Daily Practice
Authors: Gaudinat A. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Closing the Loops in Biomedical Informatics
Published: March 2018

Objectives This article presents the 2009 selection of the best papers in the special section dedicated to biomedical informatics and cybernetics.

Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA yearbook 2009

Results Five papers from international peer reviewed journals where selected for this section. Most of the papers have a strong practical orientation in clinical care. And this selection gives a good overview of what is done with “closing loop” approach, particularly during theyear 2008.

Conclusion While quite mature for some clinical applications such as mechanical ventilation, it remains a challenge where rules for the decision system could be difficult to identify due to the number of variables. More complex systems with greater Artificial Intelligence approaches will certainly be the next trend for closed-loop applications.
Accelerating Knowledge Discovery through Community Data Sharing and Integration
Authors: Yip Y.L. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Bioinformatics,   Swiss-Prot group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
Published: March 2018

Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of bioinformatics.

Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2009.

Results The selection process for this yearbook’s section on Bioinformatics results in six excellent articles highlighting several important trends First, it can be noted that Semantic Web technology continues to play an important role in heterogeneous data integration. Novel applications also put more emphasis on its ability to make logical inferences leading to new insights and discoveries.

Second, translational research, due to its complex nature, increasingly relies on collective intelligence made available through the adoption of community-defined protocols or software architectures for secure data annotation, sharing and analysis. Advances in systems biology, bio-ontologies and text-ming can also be noted.

Conclusions Current biomedical research gradually evolves towards an environment characterized by intensive collaboration and more sophisticated knowledge processing activities. Enabling technologies, either Semantic Web or other solutions, are expected to play an increasingly important role in generating new knowledge in the foreseeable future.
Clinical Data Mining: a Review
Authors: Cohen G. , Depeursinge A. , Müller H. , Meyer R. , Geissbuhler A. , Iavindrasana J.
Published: March 2018

Objective Clinical data mining is the application of data mining techniques using clinical data. We review the literature in order to provide a general overview by identifying the status-of-practice and the challenges ahead.

Methods The nine data mining steps proposed by Fayyad in 1996 [4] were used as the main themes of the review. MEDLINE was used as primary source and 84 papers were retained based on our inclusion criteria.

Results Clinical data mining has three objectives: understanding the clinical data, assist healthcare professionals, and develop a data analysis methodology suitable for medical data. Classification is the most frequently used data mining function with a predominance of the implementation of Bayesian classifiers, neural networks, and SVMs (Support Vector Machines). A myriad of quantitative performance measures were proposed with a predominance of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves. The latter are usually associated with qualitative evaluation.

Conclusion Clinical data mining respects its commitment to extracting new and previously unknown knowledge from clinical databases. More efforts are still needed to obtain a wider acceptance from the healthcare professionals and for generalization of the knowledge and reproducibility of its extraction process: better description of variables, systematic report of algorithm parameters including the method to obtain them, use of easy-to-understand models and comparisons of the efficiency of clinical data mining with traditional statistical analyses. More and more data will be available for data miners and they have to develop new methodologies and infrastructures to analyze the increasingly complex medical data.
Informatics Training for Clinicians Is More Important than Hardware and Software
Authors: Safran C.
Published: March 2018

Objective The importance of training physicians and nurses in the art, skill and science of clinical informatics has never been greater. What level of training is necessary and sufficient to equip the 21st century healthcare workforce for the transformative opportunity enabled by widespread deployment of EHRs?

Methods Building on the success of its 10x10 program, AMIA with support from the Robert Wood Johnson foundation took its next step to create the necessary documents to have clinical informatics recognized as a sub-specialty by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS).

ResultsWe defined the core content that had to be mastered and describing how physicians interested in the sub-specialty clinical informatics would be trained. The results of this work have been approved by the board of AMIA and have been published in its journal JAMIA.

Conclusion The health challenges of the 21 century require that we rapidly train the clinical workforce in clinical informatics. In addition to buying hardware and software, our health systems need to sponsor this training. Two percent of every Health IT budget should be targeted for clinician education.
Health Informatics for Development: a Threepronged Strategy of Partnerships, Standards, and Mobile Health
Authors: Adejumo A. , Luna D. , Marcelo A.
Published: March 2018

Describe the issues surrounding health informatics in developing countries and the challenges faced by practitioners in building internal capacity. From these issues, the authors propose cost-effective strategies that can fast track health informatics development in these low to medium income countries (LMICs).

The authors conducted a review of literature and consulted key opinion leaders who have experience with health informatics implementations around the world.

Despite geographic and cultural differences, many LMICs share similar challenges and opportunities in developing health informatics.

Partnerships, standards, and inter-operability are well known components of successful informatics programs. Establishing partnerships can be comprised of formal inter-institutional collaborations on training and research, collaborative open source software development, and effective use of social networking. Lacking legacy systems, LMICs can discuss standards and inter-operability more openly and have greater potential for success. Lastly, since cellphones are pervasive in developing countries, they can be leveraged as access points for delivering and documenting health services in remote under-served areas. Mobile health or mHealth gives LMICs a unique opportunity to leapfrog through most issues that have plagued health informaticsin developed countries. By employing this proposed roadmap, LMICs can now develop capacity for health informaticsusing appropriate and cost-effective technologies.
Empowering Patients and Health Professionals in the Arab World: The King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Arabic Health Encyclopedia on the Web
Authors: Altuwaijri M. M.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper is to describe the needs and the process of establishing an online Arabic health encyclopedia to empower patients and health professionals with trustworthy information.

A study was conducted by King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in collaboration with Health on the Net (HON) Foundation to review the quality of Arabic health information on the internet. A review of health portals in other languages was performed. Meetings were conducted to investigate areas of collaboration with different stakeholders including: WHO, HON, the U.S. National Library of Medicine, and the NHS.

The results of the assessment of Arabic health sites showed that a very small percentage (almost 4%) meets international standards. The study results call for immediate action to improve the trustworthiness of Arabic health information on the net. This will be achieved by establishing a reliable Arabic health encyclopedia and by encouraging health professionals from all Arab countries to contribute to its creation. It is important for the 300 million Arabic citizens around the world to be able to access valuable health information on the internet.

More than 300 million Arab citizens around the world have missed the opportunity to use the internet to provide them with quality health information. Hence, to bridge this gap, a new project was launched to develop an online Arabic health encyclopedia. Moreover, this study proposes an Arabic health information foundation be established to govern and accredit the Arabic health websites, and to work in collaboration with HON, to regulate and promote the quality of health information on the internet in Arab countries.
Leitlinie Medizinischer Kompressionsstrumpf (MKS)
Authors: Wienert V. , Gerlach H. , Gallenkemper G. , Kahle B. , Marshall M. , Rabe E. , Stenger D. , Stücker M. , Waldermann F. , Zabel M.
Published: March 2018

Leitlinien sind systematisch erarbeitete Empfehlungen, um den Arzt in Klinik und Praxis bei Entscheidungen über eine angemessene Versorgung des Patienten im Rahmen spezifischer klinischer Umstände zu unterstützen. Leitlinien gelten für Standardsituationen und berücksichtigen die aktuellen, zu den entsprechenden Fragestellungen zur Verfügung stehenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Leitlinien bedürfen der ständigen Überprüfung und eventuell der Änderung auf dem Boden des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstandes und der Praktikabilität in der täglichen Praxis. Durch die Leitlinien soll die Methodenfreiheit des Arztes nicht eingeschränkt werden. Ihre Beachtung garantiert nicht in jedem Fall den diagnostischen und therapeutischen Erfolg. Leitlinien erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Entscheidung über die Angemessenheit der zu ergreifenden Maßnahmen trifft der Arzt unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Problematik.

Die Empfehlungsgrade (EM-GR) wurden gemäß DEGAM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin) festgelegt:

A sehr gutfundiert (EV-GR I)

B mittelmäßig fundiert (EV-GR II)

C mäßige wissenschaftliche Grundlage (EV-GR III, IV)
Neues Zweierregime aktiv bei ZNS-Metastasierung
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: March 2018

Beim ins ZNS metastasierten HER2-positiven Brustkrebs sind evidenzbasierte Therapieoptionen nach Versagen von Lokaltherapien nur begrenzt verfügbar, Morbidität und Mortalität daher hoch. In einer Phase-II-Studie hat sich jetzt die Kombination mit Neratinib und Capecitabin als aktiv erwiesen, berichtete Dr. Rachel Freedman, Boston/USA, auf dem ASCO 2017.
Durvalumab als Zweitlinientherapie effektiv
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: March 2018

Im Mai 2017 ließ die amerikanische Arzneimittelbehörde FDA den PD-L1-Checkpoint-Inhibitor Durvalumab mit dem Status “Breakthrough-Therapy Designation” in einem beschleunigten Verfahren für fortgeschrittene Blasenkarzinome zu. Der monoklonale PD-L1-Inhibitor war bei progredienten Patienten mit einem Urothelkarzinom im Stadium IV wirksam. In der Phase I/II-Studie betrug das 1-Jahres-Überleben 55 % und übertraf damit historische Kontrollen. Der Therapieerfolg war mit der PD-L1-Expression assoziiert.
Guided Autotransplantation – virtuelle interdisziplinäre Planung und schablonengeführte chirurgische Durchführung
Authors: Strbac Georg , Nemec Michael
Published: March 2018

Mit der vorliegenden Studie wird eine innovative Methode zur Autotransplantation von Zähnen unter Verwendung von 3-dimensionalen (3D) gedruckten chirurgischen Schablonen für eine geführte Aufbereitung des Empfängerbettes und eine akkurate Setzung des Spenderzahnes vorgestellt. Mit der Methode wird eine Autotransplantation von unreifen Prämolaren zur Behandlung eines 11-jährigen Patienten nach schwerem Trauma mit Avulsion von bleibenden Schneidezähnen im Oberkiefer präsentiert. Bei diesem innovativen Ansatz kommen modifizierte Methoden der navigierten Implantationschirurgie mittels Überlagerung von DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) Dateien und 3D Datensätzen der Kiefer zum Einsatz, um so, über einen volldigitalen Workflow entsprechende 3D Schablonen zu erstellen. Die Behandlung des Patienten konnte, mittels Durchführung der im Voraus virtuell geplanten Transplantationen mit geführten Osteotomien zur Vermeidung eines Knochenverlustes und Sicherstellung einer exakten Einbringung der Spenderzähne in die vorgesehenen neuen Positionen erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden.
Quasi-adiabatic calorimeter for direct electrocaloric measurements
Authors: Sanlialp Mehmet , Shvartsman Vladimir V. , Faye Romain , Karabasov Maksim O. , Molin Christian , Gebhardt Sylvia , Defay Emmanuel , Lupascu Doru C.
Published: March 2018

The electrocaloric effect (ECE) in ferroelectric materials is a promising candidate for small, effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly solid state cooling applications. Instead of the commonly used indirect estimates based on Maxwell’s relations, direct measurements of the ECE are required to obtain reliable values. In this work, we report on a custom-made quasi-adiabatic calorimeter for direct ECE measurements. The ECE is measured for two promising lead-free materials: Ba(Zr0.12Ti0.88)O3 and Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 bulk ceramics. Adiabatic temperature changes of ΔTEC = 0.5 K at 355 K and ΔTEC = 0.3 K at 314 K were achieved under the application of an electric field of 2 kV/mm for the Ba(Zr0.12Ti0.88)O3 and Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 samples, respectively. The quasi-adiabatic ECE measurements reliably match other direct EC measurements using a differential scanning calorimeter or an infrared camera. The data are compared to indirect EC estimations based on Maxwell’s relations and show that the indirect measurements typically underestimate the effect to a certain degree.
Determination of NIR informative wavebands for transmission non-invasive blood glucose measurement using a Fourier transform spectrometer
Authors: Yang Wenming , Liao Ningfang , Cheng Haobo , Li Yasheng , Bai Xueqiong , Deng Chengyang
Published: March 2018

Non-invasive blood glucose measurement using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy relies on wavebands that provide reliable information about spectral absorption. In this study, we investigated wavebands which are informative for blood glucose in the NIR shortwave band (900∼1450 nm) and the first overtone band (1450∼1700 nm) through a specially designed NIR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), which featured a test fixture (where a sample or subject’s finger could be placed) and all-reflective optics, except for a Michelson structure. Different concentrations of glucose solution and seven volunteers who had undergone oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were studied to acquire transmission spectra in the shortwave band and the first overtone band. Characteristic peaks of glucose absorption were identified from the spectra of glucose aqueous solution by second-order derivative processing. The wavebands linked to blood glucose were successfully estimated through spectra of the middle fingertip of OGTT participants by a simple linear regression and correlation coefficient. The light intensity difference showed that glucose absorption in the first overtone band was much more prominent than it was in the shortwave band. The results of the SLR model established from seven OGTTs in total on seven participants enabled a positive estimation of the glucose-linked wavelength. It is suggested that wavebands with prominent characteristic peaks, a high correlation coefficient between blood glucose and light intensity difference and a relatively low standard deviation of predicted values will be the most informative wavebands for transmission non-invasive blood glucose measurement methods. This work provides a guidance for waveband selection for the development of non-invasive NIR blood glucose measurement.
Nanostructured SnSe: Synthesis, doping, and thermoelectric properties
Authors: Liu Shuhao , Sun Naikun , Liu Mei , Sucharitakul Sukrit , Gao Xuan P. A.
Published: March 2018

IV-VI monochalcogenide SnSe or SnS has recently been proposed as a promising two-dimensional (2D) material for valleytronics and thermoelectrics. We report the synthesis of SnSe nanoflakes and nanostructured thin films with chemical vapor deposition method and their thermoelectric properties. As grown SnSe nanostructures are found to be intrinsically p-type and the single SnSe nanoflake field effect transistor was fabricated. By Ag doping, the power factor of SnSe nanostructured thin films can be improved by up to one order of magnitude compared to the “intrinsic” as grown materials. Our work provides an initial step in the pursuit of IV-VI monochalcogenides as novel 2D semiconductors for electronics and thermoelectrics.
Hydrodynamic stability of thermoviscous liquid film inside a rotating horizontal cylinder: Heating and cooling effects
Authors: Kumawat Tara Chand , Tiwari Naveen
Published: March 2018

Steady two-dimensional solutions and their stability analysis are presented for thin film of a thermoviscous liquid flowing inside a cylinder rotating about its horizontal axis. The inner surface of the cylinder is either uniformly hotter or colder than the enveloping air. The mass, momentum, and energy equations are simplified using thin-film approximation. The analytically obtained film thickness evolution equation consists of various dimensionless parameters such as gravitational number, Bond number, Biot number, thermoviscosity number, and Marangoni number. The viscosity of the liquid is considered as an exponential function of temperature. The viscosity increases (decreases) within the film thickness away from the inner surface of the cylinder when the surface is uniformly hotter (colder) than the atmosphere. For hotter (colder) surface, the film thickness on the rising side decreases (increases) when convective heat transfer at the free surface is increased. The surface tension gradient at the free surface generates Marangoni stress that has a destabilizing (stabilizing) effect on the thin film flow in the case of a hotter (colder) cylinder. The thermoviscosity number stabilizes (destabilizes) the flow on a heating (cooling) surface and this effect increases with an increase in the heat transfer at the free surface. For a hotter surface and in the presence of Marangoni stress, the convective heat transfer at the interface has the destabilizing effect for small values of the Biot number and assumes a stabilizing role for larger values. Non-linear simulations show consistency with the linear stability analysis.
Exploring the limits of case-to-capsule ratio, pulse length, and picket energy for symmetric hohlraum drive on the National Ignition Facility Laser
Authors: Callahan D. A. , Hurricane O. A. , Ralph J. E. , Thomas C. A. , Baker K. L. , Benedetti L. R. , Berzak Hopkins L. F. , Casey D. T. , Chapman T. , Czajka C. E. , Dewald E. L. , Divol L. , Döppner T. , Hinkel D. E. , Hohenberger M. , Jarrott L. C. , Khan S. F. , Kritcher A. L. , Landen O. L. , LePape S. , MacLaren S. A. , Masse L. P. , Meezan N. B. , Pak A. E. , Salmonson J. D. , Woods D. T. , Izumi N. , Ma T. , Mariscal D. A. , Nagel S. R. , Kline J. L. , Kyrala G. A. , Loomis E. N. , Yi S. A. , Zylstra A. B. , Batha S. H.
Published: March 2018

We present a data-based model for low mode asymmetry in low gas-fill hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility {NIF [Moses et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 69, 1 (2016)]} laser. This model is based on the hypothesis that the asymmetry in these low fill hohlraums is dominated by the hydrodynamics of the expanding, low density, high-Z (gold or uranium) “bubble,” which occurs where the intense outer cone laser beams hit the high-Z hohlraum wall. We developed a simple model which states that the implosion symmetry becomes more oblate as the high-Z bubble size becomes large compared to the hohlraum radius or the capsule size becomes large compared to the hohlraum radius. This simple model captures the trends that we see in data that span much of the parameter space of interest for NIF ignition experiments. We are now using this model as a constraint on new designs for experiments on the NIF.
Ion acoustic solitary structures in a magnetized nonthermal dusty plasma
Authors: Debnath Debdatta , Bandyopadhyay Anup , Das K. P.
Published: March 2018

The Sagdeev potential technique has been used to investigate the arbitrary amplitude ion acoustic solitary structures in a collisionless magnetized dusty plasma consisting of negatively charged static dust grains, adiabatic warm ions and nonthermal electrons. The present system supports both positive and negative potential solitary waves, the coexistence of solitary waves of both polarities, and negative potential double layers. The system does not support any positive potential double layer. Although the system supports negative potential double layers, these double layer solutions cannot restrict the occurrence of all solitary structures of same polarity. In fact, there exists a parameter regime for which the negative potential double layer is unable to restrict the occurrence of negative potential solitary waves, and in this region of the parameter space, there exist negative potential solitary waves after the formation of a negative potential double layer. Consequently, negative potential supersolitons have been observed and the Mach number M corresponding to a negative potential supersoliton is restricted by the inequality MNPDL < M < Mcr, but this supersoliton structure reduces to a conventional solitary wave of same polarity if M ≥ Mcr, where MNPDL is the Mach number corresponding to a negative potential double layer and Mcr is a critical value of M. Thus, we have seen a transition process of negative potential solitary structures, viz., soliton → double layer → supersoliton → soliton. Different solitary structures have been investigated with the help of compositional parameter spaces and the phase portraits of the dynamical system describing the nonlinear behaviour of ion acoustic waves. The mechanism of transition of a negative potential supersoliton to a conventional soliton after the formation of a double layer of same polarity has been discussed with the help of phase portraits.
Lifetime laser damage performance of β-Ga2O3 for high power applications
Authors: Yoo Jae-Hyuck , Rafique Subrina , Lange Andrew , Zhao Hongping , Elhadj Selim
Published: March 2018

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an emerging wide bandgap semiconductor with potential applications in power electronics and high power optical systems where gallium nitride and silicon carbide have already demonstrated unique advantages compared to gallium arsenide and silicon-based devices. Establishing the stability and breakdown conditions of these next-generation materials is critical to assessing their potential performance in devices subjected to large electric fields. Here, using systematic laser damage performance tests, we establish that β-Ga2O3 has the highest lifetime optical damage performance of any conductive material measured to date, above 10 J/cm2 (1.4 GW/cm2). This has direct implications for its use as an active component in high power laser systems and may give insight into its utility for high-power switching applications. Both heteroepitaxial and bulk β-Ga2O3 samples were benchmarked against a heteroepitaxial gallium nitride sample, revealing an order of magnitude higher optical lifetime damage threshold for β-Ga2O3. Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy results suggest that the exceptional damage performance of β-Ga2O3 is due to lower absorptive defect concentrations and reduced epitaxial stress.
Eradicated unintentional incorporated donor-type impurities of ZnO
Authors: Xie Xiuhua , Li Binghui , Zhang Zhenzhong , Shen Dezhen
Published: March 2018

Impurity control is essential for semiconductor doping. Through the systematic analysis of pollution sources, we determined that the residual electrons of as-grown unintentional doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films were derived from the unintentional incorporation of silicon, which grown by molecular beam epitaxy. At the same time, it was determined that unforeseen donor-type impurities (boron, carbon, chlorine and fluorine) were introduced during the nitrogen doping process. By subjecting the sources of the contamination to a surface passivation process, these donor-type impurities are controlled at a tolerable level. The residual electrons concentration of the unintentional doped ZnO film was lowered to 1 × 1015 cm-3, and the mobility was 155 cm2/V·s. Nitrogen-doped ZnO films exhibited p-type conductivity, with a hole concentration of 2 × 1016 cm-3 and a mobility of 10 cm2/V·s. Our results provide a pure foundation for further research on p-type doping of ZnO.