bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das schulterspezifische Outcome nach proximaler Humerusfraktur hat Einfluss auf die mittelfristige allgemeine Lebensqualität
Authors: Henkelmann Ralf , Link Paul-Vincent , Melcher Peter , Theopold Jan , Hepp Pierre
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Die operative Therapie der proximalen Humerusfraktur ist ein etabliertes Verfahren. Es zeigte sich, dass postoperative Komplikationen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf
das schulterspezifische Outcome haben. Wenig ist bisher bekannt über einen Einfluss auf die verletzungsunabhängige Lebensqualität.

Ziel der Arbeit Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie ist es, zu analysieren, ob Patienten mit einem schlechten funktionellen Outcome nach operativ versorgter proximaler Humerusfraktur
mittelfristig ebenso eine eingeschränkte allgemeine Lebensqualität aufweisen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Analyse von Patienten mit schlechtem funktionellem Outcome aufgrund von
postoperativen Komplikationen.

Material und Methoden Auswertung aller im Zentrum operierten Patienten mit einer proximalen Humerusfraktur im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2005 bis 31.12.2015 und Nachuntersuchung mittels
validierter Scores (Constant-Murley Score [CMS], EQ-5D). Es wurden 2 Gruppen, Gruppe A mit gutem Outcome (∆CMS ≤ 15P.) und Gruppe B mit schlechtem Outcome (∆CMS ≥ 16P.), definiert.
Weiterhin wurden im Vorfeld deskriptive Variablen inkl. Definition einer Komplikation festgelegt.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 138 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen (Gruppe A: 91, Gruppe B: 47). Das durchschnittliche Follow-up beträgt 93,86 Monate ± 37,33 (36–167). Gruppe B hatte
signifikant mehr Komplikationen. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass Patienten mit einem schlechten Outcome bez. der Schulter (Gruppe B) auch einen signifikant niedrigeren EQ-VAS (78,9 ± 19,2
[20,0–100] vs. 70,4 ± 19,5 [15,0–98,0]; p = 0,008) und EQ-Index (0,91 ± 0,14 [0,19–1,00] vs. 0,82 ± 0,17 [0,18–1,00]; p < 0,001) haben.

Diskussion Zusammenfassend weisen in der vorliegenden Studie die Patienten mit einem schlechten Outcome der Schulterfunktion im CMS nach durchschnittlich mehr als 6 Jahren
Follow-up eine signifikant niedrigere generelle Lebensqualität auf. Das schlechte Outcome ist auf eine signifikant höhere postoperative Komplikationsrate zurückzuführen. Dies war
unabhängig von der vorliegenden Frakturmorphologie und vom verwendeten operativen Verfahren.
Quantitative Proteomics Based on iTRAQ Reveal that Nitidine Chloride
Induces Apoptosis by Activating JNK/c-Jun Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cells
Authors: Chen Shipeng , Liao Yinan , Lv Jinyan , Hou Huaxin , Feng Jie
Published: February 2022

The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects and
underlying molecular mechanisms of nitidine chloride (NC) in hepatocellular
carcinoma cells via quantitative proteomics. MTT assays were used to detect the
inhibitory effects of NC in Bel-7402 liver cancer cells, and the number of
apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry. Quantitative proteomics
technology based on iTRAQ was used to discover differential expressed proteins
after NC treatment, and bioinformatic techniques were further used to screen
potential targets of NC. Molecular docking was applied to evaluate the docking
activity of NC with possible upstream proteins, and their expression was
detected at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative reverse transcription
PCR and western blotting. NC inhibited the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells after
24 h of treatment and stimulated apoptosis in vitro. The proteomics
experiment showed that NC triggers mitochondrial damage in HCC cells and
transcription factor AP-1 (c-Jun) may be a potential target of NC (fold
change = 4.36 ± 0.23). Molecular docking results revealed the highest docking
score of NC with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), one of the upstream proteins of
c-Jun. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of c-Jun and JNK were
significantly increased after NC treatment (p < 0.05). These findings
indicate that NC significantly induced mitochondrial damage in HCC cells, and
induced apoptosis by activating JNK/c-Jun signaling.
Zementfreie Kurzschaftprothesen in der Hüftendoprothetik: Möglichkeiten und Limits
Authors: Afghanyar Yama , Kutzner Karl Philipp , Pfeil Joachim , Drees Philipp , Rehbein Philipp , Dargel Jens
Published: February 2022

In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist eine Vielzahl von zementfreien Kurzschaftprothesen auf den Markt gekommen. Gemeinsam vereinen sie das Ideal der weichteilschonenden und minimalinvasiven
Hüftgelenksendoprothetik mit knochensparenden Implantationstechniken. Hervorzuheben ist die neueste Generation von Kurzschaftprothesen, die schenkelhalsteilerhaltend und kalkargeführt in
einer Round-the-Corner-Technik implantiert werden. Die patientenadaptierte Resektionsebene ergibt die Möglichkeit für eine variable Positionierung des Implantates und eine optimale
Rekonstruktion der individuellen Hüftgeometrie. Die vielversprechende frühe Datenlage in der primären hüftendoprothetischen Versorgung führt zunehmend zu einer Ausweitung der Möglichkeiten
und Grenzen des Kurzschaftes. Insbesondere die individuelle Positionierung in Valgus- oder Varusposition und die resultierende individuelle metaphysäre oder metadiaphysäre Verankerung
eröffnet zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, auch abweichende anatomische Hüftgelenksvarianten optimal rekonstruieren zu können. Zunehmend finden daher Kurzschaftprothesen auch Einsatz bei Patienten
mit komplexen anatomischen Variationen, Anomalien oder auch bei aseptischen Hüftkopfnekrosen. In Einzelfällen werden sie auch in der Revisions- oder Konversionsendoprothetik eingesetzt. In
bestimmten Einzelfällen können diese Implantate auch in der Frakturendoprothetik eingesetzt werden. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen hierzu stehen gegenwärtig jedoch noch aus.
Rehabilitation nach Reparatur des ulnaren Kollateralbands mit „InternalBrace“
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Finck Adam N. , Dugas Jeffrey , Cain Lyle
Published: February 2022

Sportler, die viele Überkopfwürfe machen, erleiden häufig eine Verletzung des ulnaren Kollateralbandes. Nicht selten leidet darunter die sportliche Karriere. Dank neuer Operationsmethoden und einem 5-stufigen Reha-Plan besteht für sie aber die berechtigte Hoffnung, ihr früheres Leistungsniveau wieder zu erreichen.
Die Therapie der traumatischen kindlichen und jugendlichen Ellenbogenluxation
Authors: Saier Tim , Keppler Lena , Schneidmüller Dorien
Published: February 2022

Die Luxation des Ellenbogens bei Kindern und Jugendlichen kommt relativ häufig vor. Die Autoren erklären die Therapie und geben Tipps für die Nachbehandlung.
Klavikulafrakturen im alpinen Skirennsport
Authors: Bartkowski Nicole
Published: February 2022

Im Winter ist kaum ein Sport so beliebt wie das Skifahren. Nicht zuletzt durch Unfälle, die durch die Medien gingen, ist vielen jedoch auch das Risiko bewusst. Dabei muss es nicht immer zu lebensgefährlichen Verletzungen kommen. Stürzt ein Sportler etwa auf den Arm, entsteht schnell einer Klavikulafraktur. In deren Therapie geht es darum, nicht nur den Körper wiederherzustellen, sondern dem Sportler die Angst zu nehmen, wieder auf die Piste zurückzukehren.
Sonografische Diagnostik tonsillärer Abszesse: Eigene Erfahrungen und eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Miksch Malin , Koch Michael , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Mueller Sarina K. , Rupp Robin , Iro Heinrich , Sievert Matti
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Die transkutane Sonografie ist seit einigen
Jahrzehnten ein fester Bestandteil der bildgebenden Diagnostik im Kopf-Hals-Bereich.
Insbesondere in der Darstellung von Abszessen der Fossa tonsillaris ist die Sonografie eine
schnelle, sichere und kostengünstige diagnostische Methode. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick
über die derzeit publizierten Studien in Bezug auf die diagnostische Wertigkeit geben.

Material und Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in
folgenden Online-Datenbanken: PubMed und MEDLINE nach den Suchbegriffen transcutaneous
ultrasound, tonsillar abscess, peritonsillar abscess, intratonsillar abscess, peritonsillar
cellulitis und parapharyngeal abscess. Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Relevanz der Arbeiten
nach festgelegten Kriterien.

Ergebnisse Die Publikationen wurden in Bezug auf die klinische
Anwendung, die klinische Befunderhebung und die diagnostische Genauigkeit analysiert. Die
Sensitivität und Spezifität werden je nach Studie und Patientenkollektiv zwischen 67 % und 100
% bzw. 50 % und 93 % angegeben.

Schlussfolgerungen In Zusammenschau der aktuell publizierten
Ergebnisse verspricht die transkutane Sonografie ein großes Potenzial, die Diagnostik des
Peritonsillarabszesses zu verbessern, und ermöglicht eine gute Abgrenzbarkeit zur
peritonsillären Zellulitis. Dies ist für das klinische Management von Patienten mit
Abszessverdacht von entscheidender Bedeutung.
A Comparison of Outcomes Using Combined Intra- and Extradural versus Extradural-Only Repair of Tegmen Defects
Authors: Khanna Omaditya , D'Souza Glen , Hattar-Medina Ellina , Karsy Michael , Chiffer Rebecca C. , Willcox Thomas O. , Farrell Christopher J. , Evans James J.
Published: February 2022

Objective Tegmen tympani or tegmen mastoideum defects involve dehiscence of the temporal bone that can be a source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea. Herein, we compare a combined intra-/extradural repair strategy with an extradural-only repair as it pertains to surgical and clinical outcomes.

Design A retrospective review from our institution was performed of patients with tegmen defects requiring surgical intervention.

Participants Patients with tegmen defects who underwent surgery (combined transmastoid and middle fossa craniotomy) for repair of tegmen defects between 2010 and 2020 were inclined in this study.

Results A total of 60 patients with 40 intra-/extradural (mean follow-up time: 1,060 ± 1,103 days) and 20 extradural-only (mean follow-up time: 519 ± 369 days) repairs were identified. No major differences in demographic factors or presenting symptoms were identified between the two cohorts. There was no difference in hospital length of stay between the two patient cohorts (mean: 4.15 vs. 4.35 days, p = 0.8). In the extradural-only repair technique, synthetic bone cement was more frequently used (100 vs. 7.5%, p < 0.01), whereas in the combined intra-/extradural repair, synthetic dural substitute was used more often (80 vs. 35%, p < 0.01), with similar successful surgical outcomes achieved. Despite disparities in the techniques and materials used for repair, there were no differences in complication rates (wound infection, seizures, and ossicular fixation), 30-day readmission rates, or persistent CSF leak between the two treatment cohorts.

Conclusion The results of this study suggest no difference in clinical outcomes between combined intra-/extradural versus extradural-only repair of tegmen defects. A simplified extradural-only repair strategy can be effective, and may reduce the morbidity of intradural reconstruction (seizures, stroke, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage).
First Total Syntheses of (±)-Callyspongidic Acids and 2-epi-(±)-Callyspongidic Acids
Authors: Gholap Shivajirao L. , Das Sayani , Bala Anju , Sharma Kapil
Published: February 2022

The first total syntheses of (±)-callyspongidic acids and 2-epi-(±)-callyspongidic acids were achieved in high overall yield from epoxy ester derived from commercially available l-(+)-tartaric acid. The key features of these syntheses are the stereoselective opening of epoxide with organocuprates and the chemoselective addition of Grignard reagent to ketone in the presence of ester. The synthetic route reported here is operationally simple, very short and amenable for the synthesis of several analogues of this class.
Atrial Fibrillation after Rheumatic Heart Valve Surgery: Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes
Authors: Ibrahim Khalid Shaker , Kheirallah Khaled , Mayyas Fadia , Waqfi Nizar , Al-Zoubi Nabil , Wagner David Van
Published: February 2022

Background Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFACS) impacts 10 to 65% of patients. AFACS is associated with stroke and other systemic embolic manifestations.

Methods Patients at our hospital who underwent rheumatic valve surgery procedures including aortic valve replacement (AVR), mitral valve replacement (MVR), AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), MVR with CABG, or AVR and MVR with/without CABG were included in this study in the period from 2002 to 2017.

Results In total, 346 patients were included in the current analysis, with a mean age of 51.6 ± 16.1 years, and 51% were males. AFACS was documented in 102 patients (29.9%)
. Univariate predictors of AFACS included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), operation type, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), left atrial (LA) diameter, previous history of AF, use of aldosterone antagonists more than a month before surgery, use of diuretics more than a month before surgery, length of ICU stay, total length of stay, cross-clamp time more than 90 minutes, pump time more than 120 minutes, postoperative acute kidney injury, left ventricular dimensions.

By multivariate analysis, only age (p = 0.028, AOR = 10.6), male gender (p = 0.021, AOR = 3.4), type of surgery (p = 0.034, AOR = 7.12), history of AF (p = 0.018, AOR = 
2.32), BMI (p < 0.001, AOR = 3.91), EF before surgery (p ≤ 0.001, AOR = 3.91), and LA diameter (p = 0.0051, AOR = 18.23) were independent predictors of AFACS.

Conclusion This study identifies risk factors associated with the development of atrial fibrillation after rheumatic valve heart surgery. Older patients, male gender, type of surgery, preoperative AF, BMI, EF before surgery, and LA diameter are independent predictors of AF after cardiac valve surgery.
Noninvasive Bioreactance-Based Fluid Management Monitoring: A Review of Literature
Authors: Mehta Yatin , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Maheswarappa Harish Mallapura , Saxena Gaurav
Published: February 2022

Body fluid balance is an independent predictor of mortality. For each liter of fluid over and above 5 L, risk-adjusted excess mortality is seen. Mortality increased by 2.3% for each 1 L of fluid and hospital costs increased by $999. Accordingly, most recent guidelines have endorsed dynamic modeling. Passive leg raising-induced increase of aortic blood flow ≥ 10% predicts fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 94%. Thus, passive leg raising is often used as gold standard for validation of other procedures (though it's usefulness to assess respiratory variation in vena cava is not conclusive). STARLING, a device based on bioreactance, works on phase shift or time delay while bioimpedance works on the amplitude of the thoracic impedance. Unlike bioimpedance, bioreactance is not affected by the size of the patient, thoracic fluids, or position of sensors.

STARLING is equipped with four sensor pads. Each pad contains two sensors, the outer sensor is a transmitting electrode and the inner sensor is a receiving electrode. The STARLING monitor induces a 75-KHz AC current. It then measures the time delay/phase shift.

STARLING system, a bioreactance-based dynamic assessment system for fluid responsiveness, predicts it accurately, precisely, and noninvasively. It reduces invasive risks and is independently validated against pulmonary artery catheter. It is not affected by vasopressors or shock and has wide range of application.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Radakovic Dejan , Penov Kiril , Güder Gülmisal , Aleksic Ivan
Published: February 2022

Background Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation after contained LV rupture (pseudoaneurysm) represents a difficult surgical problem.

Case Description We describe the surgical approach for such a patient. The sewing ring was implanted utilizing a Dacron patch for reconstruction of the free wall, fibrotic LV wall remnants, and a Teflon strip giving additional support for cannula position and hemostasis. The patient had an uneventful recovery and is well 19 months after the procedure.

Conclusion LV pseudoaneurysm is not a contraindication for permanent LVAD implantation.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II: Anesthetic Challenges and Perioperative Management
Authors: Panda Suvendu , Baby S. K. Rojalin , Singh Guriqbal
Published: February 2022

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of genetic diseases that cause weakness and wasting in voluntary muscles of infants and children and more rarely in adults. It is caused by inadequate production of a protein called survival motor neuron (SMN) protein coded by SMN1 gene on chromosome 5. Anesthetic challenges in patients of SMA include their sensitivity toward induction agents such as thiopental, opioids, muscle relaxants, and their incomplete reversal with anticholinesterases. They also have weakness of respiratory muscles and inadequate laryngeal reflexes, which make them prone to aspiration. Although spinal and epidural anesthesia have been described in adults with SMA, but general anesthesia in these patients is very challenging. In this case, successful perioperative management of such a patient scheduled for correction of dislocated hip has been described.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in Bentall Surgery: Hope or Hype?
Authors: Krishnan V. , Prakash Mohit , Kumar Sanjeev , Malhotra Rohit , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra
Published: February 2022

A 57-year-old male patient who is a known case of hypertension well controlled on ramipril presented with a history of shortness of breath and palpitation of 3 months duration. The symptoms were insidious in onset; however, it progressed rapidly over the period of 3 months, wherein at present the patient feels breathless in performing normal daily activities of living making him New York Heart Association class III patient. Palpitations are regular in nature and present throughout the time and are exacerbated on performing even light activities within his house. There was associated swelling of bilateral lower limbs that usually improved after a night's rest; however, it was not completely resolved. The individual did not give any history of chest pain, presyncope, syncope, or any other symptoms that pointed toward a cardiac condition.
Corona: Teil-Impfpflicht ab März
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Zum 15. März tritt das neue Impfpräventionsgesetz in besonders schutzbedürftigen Einrichtungen in Kraft, d.h. es greift ab dem 16. März eine einrichtungsbezogene Impfpflicht im Gesundheitswesen.
Kommentar: Er ist dann mal weg
Authors: Heeser Alexandra-Corinna
Published: February 2022

Im März 2018 wurde Dr. h.c. Andreas Westerfellhaus vom damaligen Gesundheitsminister Jens Spahn (CDU) zum Pflegebevollmächtigten ernannt. Er war bis Ende 2021 im Amt.
Computertomografie: Zeitenwende
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: February 2022

Die nächste Generation der Computertomografen arbeitet mit Photonen-zählenden Detektoren. Neben einer deutlich verbesserten Auflösung bietet diese Technologie eine spektrale Auflösung, die den Ärzten völlig neue Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten eröffnet.
Innovationsmanagement: Neue Kooperationen zur Datenvernetzung in der Onkologie
Authors: Kron Florian , Janssen Katja , Hamm David
Published: February 2022

Die Weiterentwicklung der personalisierten Gesundheitsversorgung in der Onkologie in Deutschland erfordert eine kontinuierliche Erfassung und zugleich eine datenschutzkonforme und breite Verwendung von Patientendaten zur Wissensgenerierung.
Vernetzte Technik: Herr der Daten werden
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: February 2022

„Im Moment generieren wir weit mehr Daten, als wir glauben und wissen, mehr als wir brauchen und sehr viel mehr, als wir nutzen. Sind wir überhaupt noch Herr dieser Daten und werden wir ihrer noch Herr“, fragt sich vor diesem Hintergrund ÖVKT-Präsident Martin Krammer.
DGIV Nachrichten: Karl Lauterbach und die Aussichten für die Integrierte Versorgung
Authors: Kloepfer Albrecht
Published: February 2022

Die Besetzung des Chefpostens im Bundesgesundheitsministerium im Rahmen der Koalitionsverhandlungen hatte etwas von der allseits bekannten Reise nach Jerusalem. Allerdings mit umgekehrten Vorzeichen: Wer auf dem Stuhl sitzt, wenn die Musik abbricht, hat den Job. Am Montag war’s die FDP, am Dienstag waren’s die Grünen, am Mittwoch dann die SPD und – zack! – ist es passiert. Getroffen hat es Karl Lauterbach – wobei der, zufällig oder nicht, wohl der Einzige war, der das Amt des Gesundheitsministers wirklich wollte. Die SPD hätte auf den Posten sicher auch verzichten können.
The kinetic origin of the fluid helicity—A symmetry in the kinetic phase space
Authors: Yoshida Zensho , Morrison Philip J.
Published: February 2022

Helicity, a topological degree that measures the winding and linking of vortex lines, is preserved by ideal (barotropic) fluid dynamics. In the context of the Hamiltonian description, the helicity is a Casimir invariant characterizing a foliation of the associated Poisson manifold. Casimir invariants are special invariants that depend on the Poisson bracket, not on the particular choice of the Hamiltonian. The total mass (or particle number) is another Casimir invariant, whose invariance guarantees the mass (particle) conservation (independent of any specific choice of the Hamiltonian). In a kinetic description (e.g., that of the Vlasov equation), the helicity is no longer an invariant (although the total mass remains a Casimir of the Vlasov’s Poisson algebra). The implication is that some “kinetic effect” can violate the constancy of the helicity. To elucidate how the helicity constraint emerges or submerges, we examine the fluid reduction of the Vlasov system; the fluid (macroscopic) system is a “sub-algebra” of the kinetic (microscopic) Vlasov system. In the Vlasov system, the helicity can be conserved if a special helicity symmetry condition holds. To put it another way, breaking helicity symmetry induces a change in the helicity. We delineate the geometrical meaning of helicity symmetry and show that for a special class of flows (the so-called epi-two-dimensional flows), the helicity symmetry is written as ∂γ = 0 for a coordinate γ of the configuration space.
Global stability of traveling waves for a SIR model with nonlocal dispersal and delay
Authors: Liu Kai-Kai , Yang Yun-Rui
Published: February 2022

We direct our attention to the stability of traveling waves for a Susceptible-Infected-Removed model with a nonlocal dispersal and delay. Based on the weighted energy method, the globally exponential stability for non-critical waves is established, which generalizes and completes those local stability results of traveling waves for scalar equations or systems without monotonicity.
Yang–Baxter algebra and MacMahon representation
Authors: Wang Na , Wu Ke
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we first prove that the affine Yangian of gl̂(1) is isomorphic to the algebra YB0gl̂(1) whose generators ej, fj, ψj are defined using the Maulik–Okounkov R-matrix. Then, we provide the MacMahon representation of YBgl̂(1) which is generated by hj, ej, fj, ψj and find that the representation in the zero twist integrable system is isomorphic to the MacMahon representation. Finally, we discuss a special case in the zero twist integrable system, we obtain one kind of symmetric functions Yλ(p⃗) defined on two-dimensional Young diagrams, which are symmetric about the x-axis and y-axis, and the symmetric functions Yλ(p⃗) become Jack polynomials and Schur functions in special cases.
Structural characters and band offset of Ga2O3–Sc2O3 alloys
Authors: Zhu Naxin , Wang Bowen , Ma Kaichuang , Xue Xiangyi , Su Jie
Published: February 2022

Alloy engineering is a promising approach to optimize the electronic properties and application of the ultrawide bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3. Here, the structural and electronic properties of (ScxGa1−x)2O3 alloys are studied using density functional theory with the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid functional. Hexagonal (ScxGa1−x)2O3 alloys show more negative formation enthalpies than (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys, and the increments in the positive formation enthalpies for monoclinic (ScxGa1−x)2O3 alloys are different from the (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys. (ScxGa1−x)2O3 alloys will undergo the compressive strain if grown on the Ga2O3 substrate. The bandgaps range from 4.78 to 5.44 eV for monoclinic (ScxGa1−x)2O3 and from 5.17 to 6.10 eV for hexagonal (ScxGa1−x)2O3. It is noted that Ga2O3/(ScxGa1−x)2O3 heterojunctions keep the type-II band alignments and whose conduction and valence band offsets can be significantly and negligibly enlarged by increasing Sc concentration, respectively. The large conduction band offsets for Ga2O3/(ScxGa1−x)2O3 heterojunctions allow (ScxGa1−x)2O3 alloys to be an electron blocking layer for the Ga2O3 device, and ease the problems of parasitic conduction in the field effect transistor.
Iron lamination and interlaminar insulation for high-frequency pulsed magnets
Authors: Fukami K. , Inagaki T. , Iwashita T. , Nakanishi H. , Nishimori N. , Takano S. , Takemura Y. , Taniuchi T. , Watanabe T. , Yamaguchi H. , Tanaka H.
Published: February 2022

In high-frequency pulsed magnets, such as kickers in particle accelerators, it is essential to reduce eddy currents that could be induced in the magnet core during excitation not to distort and attenuate the magnetic field pulse. A novel iron lamination scheme with additional interlaminar insulation is proposed for the magnet core of such pulsed magnets. A laminated steel sheet core is formed by alternately stacking thin steel and insulation sheets. For application to matched kicker magnets for accelerators, test magnets with the new and conventional iron lamination were designed, assembled, and extensively evaluated. The pulsed magnetic field waveforms of two test magnets with the new lamination successfully matched to below 0.1% over the entire pulse duration, which was significantly better than those with the conventional lamination. Among the applications of the developed high-frequency pulsed magnets, beam injection kickers for the coming next generation light sources and future colliders, where suppression of the transient stored-beam oscillation during beam injection is crucial, are considered to be promising.
Room temperature optically pumped GeSn microdisk lasers
Authors: Chrétien J. , Thai Q. M. , Frauenrath M. , Casiez L. , Chelnokov A. , Reboud V. , Hartmann J. M. , El Kurdi M. , Pauc N. , Calvo V.
Published: February 2022

GeSn alloys are promising materials for light emitters monolithically grown on silicon. In this work, we demonstrate room temperature (RT) lasing in a GeSn hetero-structure with 17.2% of Sn. We report a threshold of 3.27 MW cm−2 at 305 K with peak emission at 353 meV. We ascribe these improvements to a higher tin concentration in the GeSn active layer with lower Sn content barriers on each side and to a better thermal dissipation provided by an adapted pedestal architecture beneath the GeSn micro-disk. This outcome is a major milestone for a fully integrated group-IV semiconductor laser on Si.
Dynamics of subnormal regime in a direct-current nitrogen micro-discharge
Authors: Levko Dmitry , Subramaniam Vivek , Raja Laxminarayan L.
Published: February 2022

The dynamics of a subnormal mode of direct-current micro-discharge in pressurized nitrogen is studied using a self-consistent one-dimensional plasma fluid model coupled with the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. To clarify different time scales, we use a hierarchy of plasma reaction mechanisms. The simplest mechanism considers the two-species plasma without any excited species. The excitation of electronic and vibrational levels of nitrogen is only considered in the electron energy balance. The second mechanism considers multiple ions and electronically excited species. The most comprehensive third mechanism expands the second mechanism by tracking the vibrationally excited species as well as the reactions of vibrational-translational and vibrational-vibrational relaxation. By using this third mechanism, we analyze the dynamics associated with the relaxation of the vibrational distribution function of nitrogen.
Magnetization and spin resonances in helical spin systems
Authors: Golovchanskiy I. A. , Stolyarov V. S.
Published: February 2022

In this work, magnetization and magnetization dynamics in helical-ordered spin systems are considered. By employing the Nelder–Mead simplex numerical algorithm, the dependence of spin orientations on magnetic field is calculated for spin systems with arbitrary helicity. As demonstrated, in a certain case, the dependence of magnetization on magnetic field shows a clear dependence on helicity. Next, magnetization dynamics in helical-ordered spin systems with arbitrary helicity is studied by employing the Suhl–Smit–Beljers approach. Two types of resonance responses are examined: the molecular field response and collective spin resonance modes. Both types of responses also demonstrate clear dependence on helicity. Thus, it is demonstrated that the overall combination of magnetization measurements and ferromagnetic resonance studies defines the helical angle.
Substrate-integrated microfluidics for sensitive biosensing with complementary THz metamaterials in water
Authors: Weisenstein Christian , Richter Merle , Wigger Anna Katharina , Bosserhoff Anja , Haring Bolívar Peter
Published: February 2022

Metamaterials can be utilized for a variety of applications and have emerged as a valuable tool in THz technologies. Used as THz biosensors, metasurfaces can significantly improve the sensitivity in the detection of biomolecules, but the high THz absorption of water represents a major challenge for the realization of a sensor for measurements in liquids. In this article, we propose an approach where the resonance feature of complementary asymmetric split ring resonators (CASRR) is maintained even for measurements in water, allowing highly sensitive detection of biomolecules in strongly absorbing liquids. This is enabled by the introduction of substrate-integrated microfluidics, which are shown to have a minimal effect on the transmission properties of the metamaterial. Due to this approach, the metamaterial structure design is independent from the microfluidic channels. Our simulations also show that the sensitivity of CASRR changes only marginally for lossless and highly absorbing materials. At the same time, the presented concept is easy to fabricate by standard lithography methods and can be applied to other metamaterial structures as well.
Fast reactive flow simulations using analytical Jacobian and dynamic load balancing in OpenFOAM
Authors: Morev Ilya , Tekgül Bulut , Gadalla Mahmoud , Shahanaghi Ali , Kannan Jeevananthan , Karimkashi Shervin , Kaario Ossi , Vuorinen Ville
Published: February 2022

Detailed chemistry-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are computationally expensive due to the solution of the underlying chemical kinetics system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Here, we introduce a novel open-source library aiming at speeding up such reactive flow simulations using OpenFOAM, an open-source software for CFD. First, our dynamic load balancing model by Tekgül et al. [“DLBFoam: An open-source dynamic load balancing model for fast reacting flow simulations in OpenFOAM,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 267, 108073 (2021)] is utilized to mitigate the computational imbalance due to chemistry solution in multiprocessor reactive flow simulations. Then, the individual (cell-based) chemistry solutions are optimized by implementing an analytical Jacobian formulation using the open-source library pyJac, and by increasing the efficiency of the ODE solvers by utilizing the standard linear algebra package. We demonstrate the speed-up capabilities of this new library on various combustion problems. These test problems include a two-dimensional (2D) turbulent reacting shear layer and three-dimensional (3D) stratified combustion to highlight the favorable scaling aspects of the library on ignition and flame front initiation setups for dual-fuel combustion. Furthermore, two fundamental 3D demonstrations are provided on non-premixed and partially premixed flames, viz., the Engine Combustion Network Spray A and the Sandia flame D experimental configurations, which were previously considered unfeasible using OpenFOAM. The novel model offers up to two orders of magnitude speed-up for most of the investigated cases. The openly shared code along with the test case setups represent a radically new enabler for reactive flow simulations in the OpenFOAM framework.
Hallmark of quantum skipping in energy filtered lensless scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Thamm A.-K. , Wei J. , Zhou J. , Walker C. G. H. , Cabrera H. , Demydenko M. , Pescia D. , Ramsperger U. , Suri A. , Pratt A. , Tear S. P. , El-Gomati M. M.
Published: February 2022

We simulate the electronic system of ejected electrons arising when a tip, positioned few 10 nm away from a surface, is operated in the field emission regime. We find that, by repeated quantum reflections (“quantum skipping”), electrons produced at the nanoscale primary site are able to reach the macroscopic environment surrounding the tip-surface region. We observe the hallmark of quantum skipping in an energy filtered experiment that detects the spin of the ejected electrons.
Nanometer-thin L1-MnAl film with B2-CoAl underlayer for high-speed and high-density STT-MRAM: Structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Takeuchi Yutaro , Okuda Ryotaro , Igarashi Junta , Jinnai Butsurin , Saino Takaharu , Ikeda Shoji , Fukami Shunsuke , Ohno Hideo
Published: February 2022

The material development of magnetic tunnel junction with a perpendicular easy axis is in great demand to advance spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) technologies. To realize high-speed and high-density STT-MRAM, a thin-film magnetic material with large perpendicular anisotropy and small spontaneous magnetization has great potential. Here, we develop a thin-film deposition technique for a-few-nanometer-thin L10-MnAl by sputtering and investigate its structure and magnetic properties. Utilization of the B2-CoAl buffer layer allows us to grow L10-MnAl with a large crystalline anisotropy of 8.5 × 105 J/m3, the small spontaneous magnetization of 0.62 T, and the tolerance for 400 °C annealing even at the MnAl thickness of 2 nm. We calculate the device properties based on the obtained material parameters and find that high retention properties, high-speed switching, and low write-error rate can be obtained at the single-digit-nm region, which are not readily achieved by conventional material systems. The results show the potential of L10-MnAl for high-density and high-speed STT-MRAM.
Efficient modulation of MoS2/WSe2 interlayer excitons via uniaxial strain
Authors: Ren Liwang , Li Zhiwei , Lv Yawei , Li Xin , Zhang Danliang , Li Wanying , Liu Liting , Kong Lingan , Duan Xidong , Wang Xiao , Pan Anlian , Liao Lei , Liu Yuan
Published: February 2022

Artificially stacked van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) of two-dimensional (2D) atomic layers have attracted considerable attention due to substantial interactions between different layers. In particular, the strongly bound interlayer exciton (IX) within vdWH offers a platform for exploring fundamental physics as well as innovative device applications. However, to date, it remains a critical challenge to modulate the IX emission energy, limiting the achievement of high-performance spin-valleytronics and excitonic devices. Here, we report a simple strain engineering approach to efficiently modulate the MoS2/WSe2 IX via uniaxial strain. By encapsulating the vdWH within a flexible substrate, the applied mechanical strain could be effectively transferred to the lattice of vdWH during the mechanical bending process, leading to an unprecedent IX modulation range of 144 meV with a linear fitted gauge factor of 121.8 meV per 1% strain. Furthermore, we found that the gauge factor of IX in vdWH is larger than that of individual MoS2 and WSe2 intralayer excitons, further confirming that the observed IX originates from the momentum-indirect exciton between the K point of the MoS2 conduction band and the Γ point of the WSe2 valence band. Our study not only achieves a high vdWH IX modulation value using efficient strain engineering but also provides a route to investigate the evolution of band energy for various two-dimensional (2D) materials as well as their vertical vdWH.
On the non-circular hydraulic jump for an impinging inclined jet
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Khayat Roger E.
Published: February 2022

When a laminar inclined circular jet impinges on a horizontal surface, it forms a non-circular hydraulic jump resulting from the non-axisymmetric flow. In this study, we develop an integral approach in the boundary-layer (near impingement) and thin-film regions to theoretically analyze the flow field and the hydraulic jumps structure. We particularly explore the interplay among inertia, gravity, viscosity, and the effective inclination angle on the non-axisymmetric flow. The boundary-layer height exhibits an azimuthal dependence at a strong gravity level only; however, the thin film thickness as well as the hydraulic jump profile shows a strong non-axisymmetric behavior at all gravity levels. In contrast to the existing literature, the present study accounts for the presence of the boundary layer near impingement and the azimuthal flow. We demonstrate that the azimuthal flow component cannot be neglected in the presence of gravity. The theory is validated against existing experimental results for the inclined jet of water.
Reducing the uncertainty caused by the laser spot radius in frequency-domain thermoreflectance measurements of thermal properties
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Jeong Minyoung , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Malen Jonathan A.
Published: February 2022

In a frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) experiment, the phase lag between the surface temperature response and the applied heat flux is fit with an analytical solution to the heat diffusion equation to extract an unknown thermal property (e.g., thermal conductivity) of a test sample. A method is proposed to reduce the impact of uncertainty in the laser spot radius on the resulting uncertainty in the fitted property that is based on fitting to the quotient of the test sample phase and that of a reference sample. The reduction is proven analytically for a semi-infinite solid and was confirmed using numerical and real experiments on realistic samples. When the spot radius and its uncertainty are well known, the reference phase can be generated numerically. In this situation, FDTR experiments performed on Au–SiO2–Si and PbS nanocrystal test samples demonstrate 32% and 82% reductions in the overall uncertainty in thermal conductivity. When the spot radius used in the test sample measurement is not well known, a real reference sample, measured under conditions that lead to the same unknown spot radius, is required. Although the real reference sample introduces its own uncertainties, the total uncertainty in the fitted thermal conductivity can still be reduced. A reference sample can also be used to reduce uncertainty due to other sources, such as the transducer properties. Because frequency-domain solutions to the heat diffusion equation are the basis for time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) analysis, the approach can be extended to TDTR experiments.
Anisotropic Goos–Hänchen shift in few-layer two-dimensional materials
Authors: Li De-Kang , Wang Su-Yun , Yan Xiao-Qing , Su Bao-Wang , Hu Zhen , Liu Zhi-Bo , Tian Jian-Guo
Published: February 2022

We study the Goos–Hänchen (GH) effect in mechanically exfoliated anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus and rhenium disulfide by using a beam displacement amplification technique. We observed anisotropic GH shifts along different crystal orientations of two 2D materials, and they exhibit different anisotropy characteristics. It is because the GH shift is mainly affected by the phase shift of light in the 2D materials, which is related to the real part of the refractive index, while the absorption effect related to the imaginary part of the refractive index has negligible influence on the GH shift. The GH shift can be applied to explore the anisotropy of the real part of the refractive index of a 2D material. Our results provide an important way to reveal the anisotropy mechanism of 2D materials.
Habitat distributions of 12 co-occurring wallaby grasses (
Authors: McIntyre S. , Müller W. J. , Lewis Jon
Published: February 2022

The extent and abundance of Rytidosperma Steud. species in mixed woodland, forest and derived grassland was examined over a 15-year period following removal of long-term sheep grazing. Ground-layer vegetation in 73 permanent plots was surveyed five times between 2005 and 2020 in a 50-ha paddock on the southern tablelands of New South Wales. Sites were stratified over the slope positions and micro-habitats represented at the site. Of the 12 Rytidosperma species recorded, only R. pallidum was morphologically and ecologically distinct in the field. The remaining 11 species, termed ‘cryptic Rytidosperma’, were assessed using a novel sampling method developed for this group. Rytidosperma pallida was the only species strongly associated with sclerophyll forest habitat. The 11 other species varied in their habitat preferences but, as a group, were most dominant and persistent on upper slopes. Over the 15 years, the relative abundance of R. pilosum, R. erianthum, R. monticola, R. carphoides and R. caespitosum declined as annual exotics, native sub-shrubs and low-palatability graminoids became more dominant. But only one species (R. pilosum) significantly declined in overall frequency of presence (constancy) in the plots. The changes observed suggest that when pastoral land is converted to conservation management, reduced grazing pressure could affect the abundance of Rytidosperma species important to other species, such as the threatened moth Synemon plana.
Feasibility and outcomes of a general practice and specialist alcohol and other drug collaborative care program in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Wilson H. H. K. , Schulz M. , Mills L. , Lintzeris N.
Published: February 2022

Alcohol and other drug (AoD) use is an important health and community issue and may be positively affected by collaborative care programs between specialist AoD services and general practice. This paper describes the feasibility, model of care and patient outcomes of a pilot general practice and specialist AoD (GP-AoD) collaborative care program, in Sydney, Australia, based on usual care data, the minimum data set, service utilisation information and the Australian Treatment Outcome Profile (ATOP), a patient-reported outcome measure. There were 367 referrals to the collaborative care program. GPs referred 210 patients, whereas the AoD service referred 157 patients. Most GP referrals (91.9%) were for AoD problems, whereas nearly half the AoD service referrals were for other issues. The primary drugs of concern in the GP group were either opioids or non-opioids (mostly alcohol). The AoD service-referred patients were primarily using opioids. An ATOP was completed for 152 patients. At the time of referral, those in the GP-referred non-opioid group were significantly less likely to be abstinent, used their primary drug of concern more days and were more likely to be employed (all P < 0.001). A second ATOP was completed for 93 patients. These data showed a significant improvement in the number of days the primary drug of concern was used (P = 0.026) and trends towards abstinence, improved quality of life and physical and psychological well-being for patients in the program. There are few studies of GP-AoD collaborative care programs and nothing in the Australian context. This study suggests that GP-AoD collaborative care programs in Australia are feasible and improve drug use.
A protease-mediated switch regulates the growth of magnetosome organelles in
Magnetospirillum magneticum
Authors: Wan Juan , Browne Patrick J. , Hershey David M. , Montabana Elizabeth , Iavarone Anthony T. , Downing Kenneth H. , Komeili Arash
Published: February 2022

Significance

Biomineralization, the process by which elaborate three-dimensional structures are built out of organic and inorganic molecules, is central to health and survival of many organisms. In some magnetotactic bacteria, the growth of magnetosome membranes is closely correlated to the progression of mineral formation. However, the molecular mechanisms of such regulation are not clear. We show that the serine protease MamE links magnetosome membrane growth to the controlled production of magnetite nanoparticles through the processing of mineral-associated MamD protein. Our results indicate that membrane growth directly controls mineral growth and shed light on how an organelle’s size can determine its physiological output. Manipulation of the MamE pathway may also open the door for control of nanoparticle size in future biotechnological applications.
Noninvasive inference methods for interaction and noise intensities of coupled oscillators using only spike time data
Authors: Mori Fumito , Kori Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Significance

Identifying interactions is essential for understanding self-organized systems because they are a source of order, function, and complexity. However, distinguishing interaction and noise effect is generally difficult because they both critically affect the stability of an ordered state. We propose methods that enable us to simultaneously infer both interaction and noise intensities. Our methods use only the time series of periodic events such as spike time data and do not require any external stimuli. Moreover, it is not necessary to assume a function form to fit. We numerically demonstrate that our methods yield reasonable inference even for a relatively short time series. These features are particularly beneficial for application in biological and chemical complex systems.
Complex decay dynamics of HIV virions, intact and defective proviruses, and 2LTR circles following initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: White Jennifer A. , Simonetti Francesco R. , Beg Subul , McMyn Natalie F. , Dai Weiwei , Bachmann Niklas , Lai Jun , Ford William C. , Bunch Christina , Jones Joyce L. , Ribeiro Ruy. M. , Perelson Alan S. , Siliciano Janet D. , Siliciano Robert F.
Published: February 2022

Significance

In persons living with HIV-1 who start antiretroviral therapy, virus in the blood decreases rapidly to below the detection limit. The decrease occurs in two phases: a rapid initial decrease in the first weeks, followed by a second, slower phase occurring over the next few months. These decay processes are important because infected cells that remain may become part of the stable latent reservoir that prevents cure. The decay in virus levels in blood presumably reflects the loss of infected cells, but the relationship between the decay of free virus and of infected cells has been unclear. Here, we have analyzed this question using an assay that distinguishes between cells with intact and defective forms of the viral genome.
Introduction
Authors: Rüdiger Sofia , Mühleisen Susanne
Published: February 2022

This editorial introduction establishes the theoretical basis for the special issue Formality and Informality in Online Performances with a focus on (in)formality, Goffman’s (1959) notion of front– and backstage and the internet as a stage, as well as the performance of self. Further attention is given to notions of self-branding, micro-celebrity, and self-disclosure. Explicit discussion of the linguistic construction of formality and informality in performative online settings has been rare and the articles in this issue aim at investigating the complex interplay between context, (in)formality, and performance on different digital platforms (ranging from rather traditional web forums to YouTube, Reddit, Instagram, and WeChat Moments). The contributions thus shed light on some of the intricate performative processes which are at the heart of online communication and offer manifold perspectives on (in)formality online.