bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of ambulance transport to first health facility among injured patients in southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Reynolds Lindy M. , De Silva Vijitha , Clancy Shayna , Joiner Anjni , Staton Catherine A. , Østbye Truls
Published: June 2021

Background

Injuries account for about 13% of all registered deaths in Sri Lanka and are the leading cause of admission to public hospitals. Prehospital trauma care is new to Sri Lanka, and in 2016, a free ambulance service was launched in the Western and Southern provinces.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of admitted injury patients at a tertiary hospital who used an ambulance to get to the first health facility and examine patient demographics, injury event, and injury type as predictors of ambulance transport.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was administered to 405 patients who were admitted to the emergency trauma center at Teaching Hospital Karapitiya (THK) in Galle, Sri Lanka. Descriptive statistics were tabulated to summarize prehospital transportation variables. Logistic regression models were created to examine predictors of ambulance transport, and ArcGIS Pro was used to calculate the distance between injury location and first facility and THK.

Results

The proportion of patients with injuries who used an ambulance to get to the first health facility was 20.5%. Factors that were significantly associated with ambulance use were older age, injury mechanism, alcohol use prior to injury, location type, open wound, abrasion, and chest/abdomen injury. Distance from injury location to THK or nearest health facility were not significantly associated with ambulance transport to the first health facility.

Conclusion

Among lower acuity injury patients in southern Sri Lanka, 20.5% traveled in an ambulance to the first health facility, while over half used a tuk tuk. Older age and injuries at home were associated with lower odds of ambulance transport. Future studies on predictors of ambulance transport should include patients with more severe injuries, gather detailed data on care provided while in transport and examine the association between prehospital care and clinical outcomes.
Clinical utility of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in salivary microbiota for detecting periodontitis
Authors: Ma Jiale , Kageyama Shinya , Takeshita Toru , Shibata Yukie , Furuta Michiko , Asakawa Mikari , Yamashita Yoshihisa
Published: June 2021

Saliva contains diverse bacteria shed from various oral sites, including subgingival plaque. It is reasonable to focus on the total occupancy of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria (SUBP bacteria), which live in subgingival environments, in the saliva for detecting periodontitis using salivary testing. This study aimed to validate the clinical utility of SUBP bacteria in the salivary microbiota for the detection of periodontitis. We examined stimulated saliva samples collected from 125 subjects who visited three dental clinics. The relative abundances of previously identified 11 SUBP bacteria were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and a reference-based approach. The prediction performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The SUBP bacteria accounted for 0–15.4% of the salivary microbiota, and the percentage distinguished periodontitis patients with at least 15 sites with probing depth ≥4 mm with a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–0.98) and specificity of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.60–0.80) (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.87). Among 2,047 combinations of 11 SUBP bacteria, combinations including Streptococcus constellatus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii demonstrated significantly higher AUC values in their detection. These results suggest that examining SUBP bacteria in saliva may be useful for detecting periodontitis patients in mass screening.
Neonatal mortality clustering in the central districts of Ghana
Authors: Adjei George , Darteh Eugene K. M. , Doku David Teye
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Identifying high risk geographical clusters for neonatal mortality is important for guiding policy and targeted interventions. However, limited studies have been conducted in Ghana to identify such clusters.

Objective

This study aimed to identify high-risk clusters for all-cause and cause-specific neonatal mortality in the Kintampo Districts.

Materials and methods

Secondary data, comprising of 30,132 singleton neonates between January 2005 and December 2014, from the Kintampo Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS) database were used. Verbal autopsies were used to determine probable causes of neonatal deaths. Purely spatial analysis was ran to scan for high-risk clusters using Poisson and Bernoulli models for all-cause and cause-specific neonatal mortality in the Kintampo Districts respectively with village as the unit of analysis.

Results

The study revealed significantly high risk of village-clusters for neonatal deaths due to asphyxia (RR = 1.98, p = 0.012) and prematurity (RR = 5.47, p = 0.025) in the southern part of Kintampo Districts. Clusters (emerging clusters) which have the potential to be significant in future, for all-cause neonatal mortality was also identified in the south-western part of the Kintampo Districts.

Conclusions

Study findings showed cause-specific neonatal mortality clustering in the southern part of the Kintampo Districts. Emerging cluster was also identified for all-cause neonatal mortality. More attention is needed on prematurity and asphyxia in the identified cause-specific neonatal mortality clusters. The emerging cluster for all-cause neonatal mortality also needs more attention to forestall any formation of significant mortality cluster in the future. Further research is also required to understand the high concentration of prematurity and asphyxiated deaths in the identified clusters.
Individual- and group-level network-building interventions to address social isolation and loneliness: A scoping review with implications for COVID19
Authors: Yousefi Nooraie Reza , Warren Keith , Juckett Lisa A. , Cao Qiuchang A. , Bunger Alicia C. , Patak-Pietrafesa Michele A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Worldwide mandates for social distancing and home-quarantine have contributed to loneliness and social isolation. We conducted a systematic scoping review to identify network-building interventions that address loneliness and isolation, describe their components and impact on network structure, and consider their application in the wake of COVID19.

Methods

We performed forward and backward citation tracking of three seminal publications on network interventions and Bibliographic search of Web of Science and SCOPUS. We developed data charting tables and extracted and synthesized the characteristics of included studies, using an iteratively updating form.

Findings

From 3390 retrieved titles and abstracts, we included 8 studies. These interventions focused on building networks at either individual- or group-levels. Key elements that were incorporated in the interventions at varying degrees included (a) creating opportunities to build networks; (b) improving social skills; (c) assessing network diagnostics (i.e. using network data or information to inform network strategies); (d) promoting engagement with influential actors; and (e) a process for goal-setting and feedback. The effect of interventions on network structures, or the moderating effect of structure on the intervention effectiveness was rarely assessed.

Conclusions

As many natural face-to-face opportunities for social connection are limited due to COVID19, groups already at risk for social isolation and loneliness are disproportionately impacted. Network-building interventions include multiple components that address both the structure of individuals’ networks, and their skills and motivation for activating them. These intervention elements could be adapted for delivery via online platforms, and implemented by trained facilitators or novice volunteers, although more rigorous testing is needed.
Identification of average molecular weight (AMW) as a useful chemical descriptor to discriminate liver injury-inducing drugs
Authors: Shimizu Yuki , Sasaki Takamitsu , Takeshita Jun-ichi , Watanabe Michiko , Shizu Ryota , Hosaka Takuomi , Yoshinari Kouichi
Published: June 2021

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of major causes of discontinuing drug development and withdrawing drugs from the market. In this study, we investigated chemical properties associated with DILI using in silico methods, to identify a physicochemical property useful for DILI screening at the early stages of drug development. Total of 652 drugs, including 432 DILI-positive drugs (DILI drugs) and 220 DILI-negative drugs (no-DILI drugs) were selected from Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base of US Food and Drug Administration. Decision tree models were constructed using 2,473 descriptors as explanatory variables. In the final model, the descriptor AMW, representing average molecular weight, was found to be at the first node and showed the highest importance value. With AMW alone, 276 DILI drugs (64%) and 156 no-DILI drugs (71%) were correctly classified. Discrimination with AMW was then performed using therapeutic category information. The performance of discrimination depended on the category and significantly high performance (>0.8 balanced accuracy) was obtained in some categories. Taken together, the present results suggest AMW as a novel descriptor useful for detecting drugs with DILI risk. The information presented may be valuable for the safety assessment of drug candidates at the early stage of drug development.
Mal-estar docente e educação em tempo integral: cenários de um Brasil profundo
Authors: Santiago Jonatas Silva , Anecleto Úrsula Cunha , Sacramento Ivana Carla Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo o mal-estar docente e sua influência na construção da identidade do professor que atua no Programa Educação em Tempo Integral (ProEi), em uma escola pública do interior da Bahia. Busca entender como os novos papéis atribuídos à educação escolar, a partir das configurações sócio-educacionais do Programa, desafiam o professor com as demandas de sua profissão, interferindo na construção de professoralidade. Diante dessa problemática, este estudo objetiva discutir cenários de um Brasil profundo em relação às causas que aprofundam o mal-estar docente numa escola em tempo integral e seus reflexos no processo de construção da identidade e da professoralidade do professor. Espera-se contribuir com problematizações sobre a nova dinâmica escolar, a partir da implantação do ProEi, no sentido de superação desse mal-estar a partir da valorização e da ampliação da formação do professor.
Prevenção do bullying escolar: tecendo saberes da cultura da paz na perspectiva da complexidade
Authors: MONTEIRO MICHELLE POPENGA GERAIM , ASINELLI-LUZ ARACI
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo entender a relação do bullying escolar e a importância da prevenção como forma de minimização da violência, sob o enfoque da Cultura da Paz na perspectiva da Complexidade. Este estudo é de natureza qualitativa e utilizou-se o método exploratório para a análise e comparação das perspectivas dos autores em relação ao bullying escolar, prevenção, Cultura da Paz e Complexidade, percebendo a relação existente entre as propostas dos autores e a realidade educacional contemporânea. A análise do aporte teórico sugere que projetos e programas de prevenção precisam atuar de forma sistêmica, dada à complexidade do fenômeno, atingindo todos os envolvidos na comunidade escolar, com o intuito de minimizar a violência no ambiente da escola, favorecendo assim o desenvolvimento dos conceitos de paz, respeito e diversidade.
A trajetória formativa do educador de história na escola pública
Authors: Ferreira Mychelyne Barros Costa
Published: June 2021

O magistério na Rede Municipal do Rio de Janeiro é o cenário do liame autoral. Embasada por uma pesquisa teórica, a prática educativa reflexiva dos autores encaminhou esta proposta de estudo cujo enfoque é o professor que se entende como educador com o propósito formativo e a maneira como concretiza sua prática em seu cotidiano escolar. A hipótese que constitui o eixo dessa reflexão propugna o educador em cuja prática predomina a preocupação com um ensino de História que privilegia a formação de valores, atitudes, procedimentos perante o contexto sociopolítico e cultural. Nesse tocante, analisa-se a formação e as práticas pedagógicas dos profissionais de Educação em História, os quais exercem sua função nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental enquanto educadores. Palavras-chave: Educador de História. Formação pedagógica. Prática pedagógica.
Liberdade de gênero: promovendo algumas fissuras na lógica heteronormativa
Authors: Oliveira de Aguiar Thais Geraldo , Quadrado Raquel Pereira
Published: June 2021

Esse artigo resulta de uma pesquisa desenvolvida a partir de referenciais e produções decorrentes das contribuições do GEERGE, especialmente as da fundadora e pesquisadora Guacira Louro. A pesquisa teve como corpus de análise a série Liberdade de Gênero, exibida no canal GNT e teve como objetivo analisar as falas dos/as entrevistados/as na série acerca de suas vivências trans, problematizando sobre os atributos de gênero, o entrelaçamento existente entre gênero e sexualidade e as mídias como espaço de encontro e pertencimento. A série mostra em 10 episódios como se organizam as vidas de 14 pessoas trans que assumem a experiência de ter um gênero diferente do sexo anatômico, trazendo exemplos em que essas pessoas se inserem de forma bem-sucedida e feliz dentro da sociedade.
Normatividade cultural e marginalização das sexualidades: o preconceito no ambiente escolar contra a pessoa LGBT
Authors: Amando Marilia Rocha , Cusati Iracema Campos , Carvalho Odair França de
Published: June 2021

Este estudo compartilha constatações evidenciadas na literatura sobre a normatividade cultural permeada por questões de gênero e sexualidade além de fomentar reflexão sobre propagação de diferença e discriminação a indivíduos considerados diferentes no ambiente escolar. Dentre as referências que embasam essa reflexão, destaca-se o livro “O corpo Educado: pedagogias da sexualidade”, organizado por Guacira Lopes Louro propondo desvelar a relação entre práticas escolares, corpo e sexualidade. A revisão bibliográfica mostra que a intolerância em relação à homossexualidade na sociedade repercute na escola e que há demanda de políticas educacionais acerca da diversidade sexual visando o combate à homofobia.
Inclusão digital: uma via para a responsabilização individual
Authors: Loureiro Carine Bueira , Birnfeldt Carolina , Heck Júlio Xandro
Published: June 2021

A partir de uma pesquisa documental acerca da inserção e do uso das tecnologias digitais na educação pública escolarizada no Brasil, no período de 1980 a 2017, o objetivo deste artigo é problematizar práticas discursivas mobilizadas por meio de políticas que disseminam a inclusão digital pelas vias da escola nos últimos quarenta anos. A analítica que sustenta a problematização foi desenvolvida a partir do conceito foucaultiano de discurso. Demonstra-se que os primeiros movimentos de inserção e uso das tecnologias digitais na educação pública brasileira têm início com a ideia de inserção; mais tarde, tal processo reconfigura-se em universalização; e, no último decênio, é compreendido como inclusão. Atrelado à noção de inclusão digital, os discursos propagados na segunda década do século XXI enfocam a necessidade de responsabilização individual.
Da escola à empresa educadora: a fabricação de habilidades em prol da inclusão de todos
Authors: Rech Tatiana Luiza
Published: June 2021

A partir das discussões realizadas em minha pesquisa de doutorado, intitulada “Da escola à empresa educadora: a inclusão como uma estratégia de fluxo-habilidade”, problematizo algumas das relações entre escola e empresa no Brasil para verificar como elas se articulam em prol da inclusão de jovens com deficiência no mercado de trabalho. Inspirada em Michel Foucault, a investigação buscou compreender alguns aspectos da proveniência e as condições de emergência da articulação entre escola e empresa, sendo que esse movimento permitiu perceber como, no início do século XX, ambas as instituições iniciaram tentativas de aproximação, já que era fundamental investir em capital humano através da Educação. Mobilizar, qualificar e se responsabilizar pelo social se tornaram palavras de ordem e, consequentemente, princípios a serem seguidos para o alcance da inclusão de todos.
Vulnerabilidade linguistica e educação de surdos
Authors: Witchs Pedro Henrique , Lopes Maura Corcini
Published: June 2021

O artigo discute a manutenção da histórica vulnerabilidade linguística atribuída às pessoas com surdez e problematiza a precarização das condições de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade do sujeito. Para tanto, usou-se o conceito foucaultiano de governamento como uma ferramenta de análise em um conjunto de políticas linguísticas de educação de surdos no Brasil. A partir do material, foi possível identificar que o mecanismo da escolha parental opera como uma estratégia de planejamento linguístico fortemente articulada à uma prática de condução pela língua oficial que age na manutenção da vulnerabilidade linguística dos surdos e na precarização de suas condições de formação e trabalho. Assim, entende-se a língua oficial como parte de um dispositivo que instaura a in/exclusão como condição contemporânea e que atua em uma espécie de repatriação de surdos.
Bidocência na educação bilíngue para surdos: um estudo de caso
Authors: Klein Madalena , Aires Rubia Denise Islabão
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as práticas na bidocência na educação bilíngue para surdos tendo como base um estudo de caso em uma escola de surdos. Tomando como referencial teórico o campo dos Estudos Surdos e da formação e trabalho docente, estabelecemos cruzamentos entre observações em sala de aula e entrevistas com professoras que atuaram em bidocência. Constatamos que a bidocência promove trocas entre as professoras (surda e ouvinte), a partir das dinâmicas de trabalho, em que agregam diferentes saberes. Isso se reflete nas metodologias de ensino bilíngue para surdos, colocando as duas línguas – Libras e a língua portuguesa na modalidade escrita – em evidência. Consideramos que essa prática na bidocência apresenta potencialidades para as propostas de educação bilíngue no contexto da educação de surdos.
Políticas de inclusão em saúde
Authors: Machado Roseli Belmonte , Freitas Débora Duarte
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre os enredos entre inclusão e saúde, a partir de uma ideia de gestão de riscos, praticadas pelo Estado brasileiro, buscando responder: como as políticas de inclusão em saúde têm se constituído em formas de governo das condutas na sociedade brasileira contemporânea? O objetivo é o de debater como os enredos entre inclusão, saúde e gerenciamento da vida se manifestam em políticas brasileiras em uma racionalidade política contemporânea. Para tanto, nos debruçamos sobre materiais que versam sobre políticas de saúde para o Estado brasileiro, tendo por base a governamentalidade e a biopolítica. A partir das análises, foi possível refletir que as políticas inclusivas em saúde, pela educação, atuam na condução das condutas dos sujeitos para que se tornem saudáveis e responsáveis por si.
Las formas de la igualdad. Entre políticas y pedagogía.
Authors: Fattore Natalia Mariné
Published: June 2021

El artículo se propone reflexionar acerca de la configuración histórica del vínculo entre educación e igualdad. Se analizan los desplazamientos discursivos que históricamente se produjeron tanto como producto de unas políticas educativas determinadas, como de una serie de disputas y articulaciones al interior del campo pedagógico. Nos interesa señalar al menos dos desplazamientos: de la noción de igualdad a la de equidad, y de ésta al imperativo de la inclusión. Nos detendremos en este último punto para analizar cómo en la Argentina, en el contexto de los gobiernos que tuvieron lugar a comienzos del siglo XXI, la cuestión de la igualdad como un punto de partida se volvió un nodo central de las políticas nacionales, generando una serie de experiencias pedagógicas que interpelaron tanto el formato escolar como sus vínculos con el “afuera”, obligando a repensar los saberes pedagógicos, en diálogo con otros sujetos, saberes, experiencias y conocimientos.
A produção discursiva sobre alunos em processo de inclusão: análises a partir de políticas neoliberais
Authors: Da Rosa Denise Ferreira , De Menezes Eliana Pereira
Published: June 2021

O presente texto apresenta resultados de uma investigação produzida a partir da inspiração em autores pós-estruturalistas, que tem por objetivo analisar diferentes práticas discursivas no campo da educação especial produzidas no contexto da racionalidade neoliberal. Para as discussões aqui apresentadas tomamos como materialidade analítica entrevistas realizadas com três gestoras de duas escolas da rede pública de ensino que possuem alunos em processo de inclusão escolar. Ao trabalharmos em tais entrevistas, visualizamos nos discursos dos professores a operação de práticas que produzem os alunos em situação de inclusão escolar como alunos anormais. Tais práticas ao provocarem como efeito ações de exclusão por inclusão na escola podem resultar na manutenção desses sujeitos em condições desiguais de concorrência nas tramas do jogo econômico da sociedade neoliberal.
THE UNITY OF SCIENCE PARADIGM, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS IN PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Wijaya Mirza Mahbub
Published: June 2021

This study has a background on the problem of the COVID-19 pandemic problem that is being faced by Indonesian people, even include many countries in the world. The urgency of this research is to provide literacy or a new paradigm of scientific integration. This is because Muslims are very difficult to solve contemporary problems in various aspects up to the current pandemic era. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method with a philosophical and phenomenological approach. Researchers offer a new perspective with the humanization of Islamic sciences that can be applied in the pandemic era. For example, the humanization of jurisprudence and the humanization of Islamic Theology. Thus the new paradigm offered in responding to all humanitarian problems, including the COVID-19 pandemic, can be a solution.
KONSEP MASLAHAT MENURUT IMAM MĀLIK
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad , Iskandar Azwar
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze: imam Mālik's position in the Islamic jurisprudence map; the concept of maslahat in the perspective of Imam Mālik; and the influence of Imam Mālik's maslahat view in the Islamic world. This research is qualitative descriptive research, using library research and analyzed with historical and sociological approaches. The results of the study found that: first, Imam Mālik bin Anas was one of the imams of the four sects (mazhab) who exerted great influence in Muslims with his ability as a mujtahid and had an independent methodology in conducting the ijtihad; second, one of the most important foundations of Imam Mālik's ijtihad is maslahat. In this case, he actually had similarities with the other ultimate scholars of the four sects. Māliki sect, namely that maslahat -especially maslahat mursalah- is a stand-alone proposition; third, Imam Mālik's assertiveness in positioning maslahat as one of the independent evidences in his ijtihad methodology has stimulated the fiqh researchers to study further explore this so that imam Mālik's fiqh sect can survive to this day and successfully produce phenomenal scientific works that affirm the existence of maslahat as one of the footholds of Islamic law.
Assessment of Scientific Productivity by India and South Korea
Authors: Elango B. , Oh Dong-Geun , Rajendran Periyaswamy
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to make a quantitative analysis and to compare scientific productivity between the countries of India and South Korea: both countries offer scholarships and fellowships for various programs and disciplines. The data are collected from SCOPUS through the open access portal www.scimagojr.com and mainly focus on rank and number of publications, global publication share and growth of publications, international collaboration pattern, quality of publications, and open access pattern. Various bibliometric indicators have been used along with simple percentage. Further, a new relative indicator Relative Open Access Index (ROAI) is proposed to compare the number of documents in an open access platform with its overall scientific production. Among the most productive countries, India is ranked at fifth and South Korea at thirteenth in the year 2018. India improved by eight positions while South Korea did by three from 1998 to 2018 at the global level. South Korea has a higher proportion of publications with international collaboration as compared to India. Both countries maintain better positions in a few disciplines such as chemical engineering and materials science.
When is M
0,n
(ℙ1,1) a Mori dream space?
Authors: Fontanari Claudio
Published: June 2021

The moduli space

M
¯

0,
n

(

ℙ
1

,
1

)

${{\bar{M}}_{0,n}}\left( {{\mathbb{P}}^{1}},1 \right)$

of n-pointed stable maps is a Mori dream space whenever the moduli space

M
¯

0
,
n
+
3

 
of
 
(
n
+
3
)

${{\bar{M}}_{0,n+3}}\; \text{of} \;(n+3)$

pointed rational curves is, and

M
¯

0
,
n

(

ℙ
1

,
1

)

${{\bar{M}}_{0,n}}\left( {{\mathbb{P}}^{1}},1 \right)$

is a log Fano variety for n ≤ 5.
Anti-obesity effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells influence on obese mice
Authors: Xie Zongyan , Cheng Yu , Zhang Qi , Hao Haojie , Yin Yaqi , Zang Li , Wang Xuhong , Mu Yiming
Published: June 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from almost all tissues and present promising therapeutic effects for metabolic diseases. Human adipose-derived MSCs (hASCs) have recently been widely studied due to their easy access and low immunity. Thus, we intended to figure out the effects and potential mechanism of hASCs on obesity in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Following 16 weeks of being fed HFD, hASCs were intravenously injected. Two weeks later, body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were evaluated. Additionally, the phenotypes of macrophages infiltrating adipose tissue were analyzed. The results revealed that hASCs administration significantly reduced adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, and fat mass and exerted beneficial effects in serum lipid profile. This anti-obesity effect was mediated by the increased O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure, which was further evidenced by the upregulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and metabolism-associated genes. Furthermore, hASCs infusion increased the amount of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in adipose tissue, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines-related genes was reduced. Taken together, these results indicated that hASCs suppressed obesity by increasing UCP-1 expression and enhancing energy expenditure, and this effect might be due to the increased M2 macrophages.
Postpartum fibroid degeneration associated with elevated procalcitonin levels
Authors: Thakkar Meera Madhusudan , Kaawar Fawzi , Dinglas Cheryl
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To describe a novel presentation of severely elevated procalcitonin (PCT) levels associated with postpartum fibroid degeneration.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 34-year-old woman with multiple large fibroids who was found to have fevers and a severely elevated PCT level of 34.03 ng/mL 2 days postpartum. MRI revealed carneous degeneration of her fibroids, and other etiologies such as infection were ruled out. She was successfully treated with the use of intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, as a precaution. This report indicates procalcitonin may be elevated secondary to the inflammatory state caused by degenerating fibroids. Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

Conclusions

Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are tumors of the female reproductive tract affecting anywhere from 20–40% of women. One known complication of fibroids is degeneration, when the fibroid can infarct due to a decrease in blood supply. This can cause an inflammatory state with the release of multiple inflammatory markers. During pregnancy, routine markers such as white blood cell counts may be unreliable. Other markers such as procalcitonin are not well-studied in pregnancy. This case provides practitioners an example where the marker procalcitonin can be used to more accurately assess an inflammatory state during pregnancy. It also provides alterative diagnoses in the workup of postpartum fever.
Dielectric properties of processed cheese
Authors: Chan Chin Han , Saiter Jean-Marc , Eudier Hubert , Kammer Hans-Werner
Published: June 2021

Dynamic studies of several processed cheeses were carried out for evaluation of their dielectric properties and their relaxation behavior. Impedance spectroscopy has been used to study the systems under discussion in low-frequency domain. A substantial number of impedance spectra will be given and discussed that relate the dielectric properties to food nutrients. Also influence of moisture on food quality might be evaluated.
The Effects of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth and Inflation: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Emmanouilidis Kyriakos , Karpetis Christos
Published: June 2021

The hypothesis that military spending affects economic growth and other aspects of the economy has been under scrutiny over the last decades. However, the macroeconomic impact of defense outlays is still an open question for researchers and policymakers. Aiming to contribute to the existing debate, this paper combines Keynesian with monetary theory and develops a discrete-time model that allows for potential fiscal-monetary coordination for financing the military sector in order to examine the effects of defense outlays on income and inflation. Τhe theoretical analysis suggests that military budget expansions can only have temporary effects on income, as in the long run, their impact on the economy is solely inflationary. However, the empirical findings associated with the economy of Turkey are not fully consistent with the theoretical conclusions of the specified model.
IV. Gesetzgeber und Verfasser der Carolina
Authors: Mertens Bernd
Published: June 2021

Legislator and author of the Carolina. Emperor Charles V and his councils neither initia­ted the penal code named after him (“Carolina”) nor influenced its content. Inspired by the Imperial Court, it was a project of the imperial estates, which pushed it forward and led to its success at the Imperial Diets from 1521 to 1532. The work on the content was carried out in committees composed of members of all Curias and in the Imperial Regiment, with trained lawyers dominating. The view that Johann Freiherr von Schwarzenberg played a decisive role in the drafting of the Carolina, which still prevails in literature today, owes its origins to a certain zeitgeist and is in need of correction. Contrary to previous assumptions, Schwarzenberg was most probably not involved in the first Carolina draft at all and not in the second draft in the decisive editorial phase. Instead, the lawyer Sebastian von Rotenhan, who was most probably involved in the first and certainly in the second Carolina draft, and perhaps even later in the revision of 1530, comes more to the fore. Ultimately, the Carolina, like the “Bambergische Halsgerichtsordnung” which served as a model, was a collective work and was understood as such by contemporaries.
VI. The Brazilian civil code of 1916: principles, method and institutional conditions of private law modernization
Authors: Reis Thiago
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the elaboration of the Brazilian civil code of 1916 as part of a broader political project of Republican modernization, focusing on the relation between private law, politics and economics in Brazil at the turn of the 20th century. The basic argument is that the consolidation of the Republican regime during the presidency of Campos Sales (1898–1902) provided the institutional conditions that paved the way for the codification of civil law. From the political perspective, parliamentary debates indicate that the civil code draft quickly turned into an instrument of political bargain and opposition to the president’s authority. From the legal point of view, the paper argues that, contrary to the prevailing view in Brazilian private law scholarship, the code represented a real attempt to break with the old order and create the conditions for a private law system based on equal juridical freedom. Finally, the paper explores the connections between the reform of legal methodology and legislative modernization, pointing both at the normative principles guiding the civil code elaboration and at the opposition it was faced with in Brazilian society.
Maxims, Principles and Legal Change: Maritime Law in Merchant and Legal Culture (Low Countries, 16 th Century)
Authors: ruysscher D. De
Published: June 2021

In the course of the sixteenth century, in the Low Countries maritime law was changing. At first, damages caused during maritime transport (“averages”) were compensated on the basis of customs of limited scope and calculation, starting from “facts and figures”. From the 1550s onwards, legal scholars developed new views; they revised norms, some of which came from below, while others were imposed by the sovereign. Both in legislation and in jurisprudential commentaries, the Roman rules of general average were revived. The legal authors made use of a more principled, humanistic method of interpretation. Their views did not contradict mercantile opinions; instead, merchants called for necessary adjustments of the law. The changes in doctrine and legislation responded to developments in the organization of the maritime industry. Although the legal scholars could have doubts about the older rules and how to reconcile them with a principled approach, their contribution to updating the rules was crucial.
Zu den Arten von Kollisionsnormen in der Lehre von der Statutenkollision
Authors: Boosfeld Kristin
Published: June 2021

Types of conflict rules in the theory of
statuta. It is commonly accepted in the history of Conflict of Laws that there has been a “Copernican turning point” when Savigny introduced multilateral conflict rules and thereby abandoned the system of unilateral conflict rules of the Theory of statuta. The article challenges this narrative and argues on the one hand that the statutists already used multilateral conflict rules and on the other that their unilateral rules often reached similar results to modern multilateral conflict rules because of their universal nature.
Kelsen und seine Demokratieschrift im Exil
Authors: Bock Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

Kelsen and his Book “Essence and Value of Democracy” in Exile. Two recently found letters and an unpublished small introduction into a planned translation of his book on democracy shed some light on Kelsen’s conception of cultural and political foundations of democracy. His description of the democratic citizen as antagonistic to absolute values rises philosophical as well as political doubts. The status of values under philosophical, moral and legal perspectives calls for a thorough discussion.
Deposition of TiN and TiAlN Thin Films on Stainless Steel Tubes by a Cylindrical Magnetron Sputtering Method
Authors: Trivedi Kunal , Rane Ramkrishna , Joseph Alphonsa , Arya Shashi Bhushan
Published: June 2021

Titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) coatings are very hard materials that are mostly coated on cutting tools to increase the tool life. These coatings have also been successfully applied as a coating material for biomedical applications mainly due to their tribological properties, biocompatibility, and affordable price. In an attempt to develop transition metal nitride coatings on specimens of cylindrical geometry, TiN and TiAlN thin films were deposited successfully on stainless steel tubes using a direct-current cylindrical magnetron cosputtering method. Both types of coatings were uniform in nature and had good adherence to the substrate. TiN and TiAlN thin films were characterized systematically to determine their structure, surface morphology, chemical states, chemical structure, and electrochemical behavior using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic methods, respectively. The XRD patterns of the TiN and TiAlN coatings indicated (111) preferential orientation. Cross-sectional SEM images revealed a columnar growth of the coatings with an arrow-headed geometry. XPS characterization showed the presence of TiN, Titanium dioxide, titanium oxynitride, aluminum oxide, and aluminum nitride phases. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5 % sodium chloride solution revealed that the TiAlN coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared with the TiN coating. Furthermore, TiAlN coating showed 94 % of average absorption in ultraviolet-visible region using photospectrometry. The cylindrical magnetron sputter deposition technique enables development of uniform protective coatings on tubular geometries, which are frequently employed in solar thermal and nuclear applications.
Positioning universities based on the preference network of economics department students
Authors: Gülpınar Demirci Vildan
Published: June 2021

The research aims to determine the positioning of universities according to the preferences of university students based on the perceptions of stakeholders receiving service. In the study, the number of preferences for each university included in the YKS preference lists of all students placed in the Department of Economics at universities in Turkey in 2019 were evaluated using the integer method. The data were collected separately from the preference pages of each university through the "Higher Education Program Atlas". In the study, "Modularity Based Community Analysis" was applied with the Gephi program. In the research, the universities with the most critical position in terms of the Economics department were determined. In the preference network, it has been determined that clusters are generally formed based on physical proximity in Istanbul, Izmir, and Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. The study also showed that the positioning of universities in student preferences might be effective in different criteria such as research potential of universities apart from geographical reasons. Since there is no similar research in the literature regarding obtaining the data and the technique used, it is expected that the study will contribute to the studies in this field.
Sosyal medya pazarlamasının elektronik ağızdan ağza iletişim niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde tüketici bağlılığının aracılık rolü
Authors: Demir Didem , Yıldız Selçuk Yasin
Published: June 2021

Sosyal medya mecralarındaki kullanımın artmasıyla birlikte kişiler birbirleriyle çok daha fazla karşılıklı etkileşimde bulunmaktadırlar. Bu sebeple sosyal medya kullanan bireyler arasında gerçekleşen ağızdan ağıza iletişim faaliyetleri firmaların göz ardı etmemesi gereken bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak sosyal medya pazarlaması faaliyetlerinin, ağızdan ağıza iletişimdeki rolüne ait yapılan çalışmalarda tüketici bağlılığının aracılık rolü bugüne kadar yeterli ilgiyi görmemiştir. Bu çalışmada sosyal medyanın e-wom niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde tüketici bağlılığının aracılık rolünün olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır.  Çevrimiçi olarak hazırlanmış anket formu sosyal medya ve mobil iletişim uygulamalarını kullanan bireylere gönderilmiştir. 464 kişiden elde edilen kullanılabilir veriler AMOS paket program yardımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak yapılan hipotez testleri ile sosyal medya pazarlamasının, tüketici bağlılığı ve e-wom niyeti üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca test sonuçlarına bağlı olarak tüketici bağlılığının da elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim niyeti üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu söylenebilir.  Son olarak, bu çalışmada; tüketici bağlılığının, sosyal medya pazarlaması ile e-wom niyeti arasında aracılık etkisine sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu nedenle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma sosyal medya pazarlaması literatürüne önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.
Effect of a urea and urease/nitrification inhibitor combination on rice straw hydrolysis and nutrient turnover on rice growth
Authors: Yu Chunxiao , Zhang Lili , Yang Lijie , Bai Wei , Feng Chen , Li Wentao , Wu Kaikuo , Li Dongpo , Wu Zhijie
Published: June 2021

Stabilized fertilizers that contain nitrification inhibitors and/or urease inhibitors are widely used in China. A pot experiment was conducted to analyze soil enzymatic characteristics related to carbon and nitrogen turnover and metabolism under the use of rice straw and stabilized fertilizer. Results showed that stabilized fertilizer exhibited the highest yield production, panicle numbers, and above-ground biomass. Compared with urea treatment with straw, adding inhibitors reduced soil organic carbon and the enzyme activity related to acquisition of carbon, but increased soil organic carbon accumulation, rice yield, and above-ground biomass. Stabilized fertilizer increased protease activity; however, it decreased N-acetyl-β-glucosaminide. Addition of straw significantly increased dissolved organic and microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen, as well as the enzyme activities of α-D-glucosidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-N-acetyl-glucosidase, and cellulase at the seedling and tillering stages. The principal components analysis showed that the synthesis of extracellular enzyme related to carbon and nitrogen acquiring act as a proxy for straw decomposing under nitrogen conditions. The combination delayed the release of ammonia, which affected the carbon and nitrogen coupling by microbial organisms. These results demonstrated a relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and soil enzymes in different fertilization management.
Analysis of allelochemicals in the leaves of four alpine rhododendrons by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Pan Yannan , Quan Wenxuan , Li Chaochan , Hao Jiangtao , Gao Yongdao
Published: June 2021

Field investigations conducted in the wild alpine rhododendron forest in the Baili Rhododendron Nature Reserve found that the natural regeneration of the forest was hindered. This paper used GC-MS to identify and analyze the most abundant chemical compounds in the leaves of four of rhododendron species (Rhododendron simsii, Rhododendron decorum, Rhododendron liliiflorum, and Rhododendron pulchrum). The results showed that the chemical substances in the four rhododendron leaf samples were mainly aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. Among them, the ester content in the leaves of R. simsii is the most abundant, the alcohol content in the R. decorum is the most abundant, and the aldehyde content in the R. liliiflorum is the most abundant. These results are conducive to the protection of the rhododendron ecosystem and laid a scientific foundation for studying the difficulties of natural regeneration of rhododendron communities.
Performance of a formaldehyde-free sesame protein adhesive modified by urea in the presence and absence of glyoxal
Authors: Wei Xiaobo , Ma Yuxiang , Wang Xuede
Published: June 2021

Sesame cake and meal, byproducts of the sesame oil process industry and mainly used as feed and fertilizer, are often not optimally utilized and are wasted when the material could be used as a high-quality protein source. This research primarily emphasizes the preparation of a sesame protein-based adhesive with urea and glyoxal modification to use as a wood adhesive. The performance and characterization of the urea and glyoxal modified sesame protein adhesive (USP and GUSP, respectively) were measured precisely. After glyoxal was added, the water resistance of the GUSP adhesive was significantly enhanced, reaching the standard for Type II plywood. The formaldehyde emission test showed that the GUSP adhesive could be utilized as a formaldehyde-free wood adhesive, having a significantly lower than the demand of the E0 level (i.e., 0.5 mg/L). Furthermore, increasing the glyoxal content in the adhesives enhanced the thermal stability but not significantly. A substance with a crosslinking structure was formed from the reaction between the sesame protein and glyoxal, which enhanced the water resistance. Meanwhile, the fractured structure of the GUSP adhesive having a compact surface also was propitious to enhance the water resistance. Thus, the GUSP adhesive could be used as a novel adhesive in plywood fabrication.
Indoor radon assessment in kindergartens: towards a national action plan
Authors: Dias Danila Carrijo da Silva , Da Silva Nivaldo Carlos , Silva Wanilson Luiz , Rodrigues Marcos Vinícius
Published: June 2021

The study presents the results of indoor radon monitoring of 342 public kindergarten rooms of a Brazilian municipality within a region featuring high natural radioactivity. Facility characterization local perception assessment were also conducted. Rooms were monitored by exposure of ATD detectors for an average 356 days. Monitoring resulted in arithmetic and population weighted means of 83 and 82 Bq m-3 respectively, while a geometrical mean value of 61 Bq m-3 was estimated. Concentrations ranged between < 3 and 697 Bq m-3 while 8.1% of rooms presented values above 200 Bq m-3 (in different units), where similarities in construction materials used in floors were noted. High variability was observed among regions, CEI units within a region and even rooms within a unit. The collected data on room ventilation elucidated challenges to large monitoring programs when evaluating the impact of human habits and window characteristics in results. The high variability of results poses challenges to the establishment of national programs in large and diverse areas such as Brazil. The first indoor radon study in children facilities in the country represents an important step towards it.
Study of new routes for purification of fission 99Mo
Authors: Oliveira Damasceno Marcos , Alves da Silva Fernanda Marques , Dos Santos Jacinete Lima , Dias Ricardo Rodrigues , Forbicini Christina A. L. G. O.
Published: June 2021

99mTc is the most applied medical radioisotope in the world, especially for cancer diagnosis procedures. It is provided by 99Mo radioactive decay, which is one of the fission products from the uranium irradiation in nuclear reactors. At the main production plants, the 99Mo chemical processing may be lined up in several steps to separate it from other fission products according to the features of the used targets or the local requirements as well. In this work, two routes of 99Mo purification, MR1, and MR2, were purposed as an alternative to be set up in the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor project (BMR). The MR1 route was performed by three chromatographic columns packed with Dowex 1x8 resin, Chelex resin, and alumina, respectively. The route MR2 was carried out also by chromatography applying two columns filled with Dowex 1x8 and alumina respectively, but including a sublimation process performed in a tubular oven under programmed conditions. The final yield for the MR1 route was 84.4 % and the overall time process was about 7 hours, whereas the MR2 route reached 75.3 % in 9 hours.