bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN SEL SPERMATOGENIK MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KULIT KAYU DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr.)
Authors: Nurliani Anni , Rusmiati Rusmiati , Santoso Heri Budi
Published: April 2017

It has been conducted a study of identify population of spermatogenic cells of mice after induction Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) bark extract. This research used completely randomized design with five treatments i.e. control without treatment; control with aquadest; 5 percent durian bark extract; 10 percent; and 20 percent with five repetitions for each treatment. Extract was given per oral in volume dose of 0,5 ml/ 25–30 g/BW per day during 36 days. The result of this study showed that durian bark extracts caused significantly decrease of population of spermatogenic cells in concentrate 5, 10, and 20 percent.
POLIETILENA GLIKOL (PEG) DALAM MEDIA IN VITRO MENYEBABKAN KONDISI CEKAMAN YANG MENGHAMBAT TUNAS KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Rahayu Enni Suwarsi , Guhardja Edi , Ilyas Satriyas , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: April 2017

The objectives of this experiment were to determine response of epycotyl of nine peanut cultivars against polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) induced stress under in vitro conditions, effective concentration of PEG to inhibit growth and development of epycotyl, evaluate tolerance of the cultivars against PEG stress, and evaluate changes in total proline content due to PEG stress. Growing epycotyls from peanut seeds (TDK) or from embryo axis (TTK) were planted on liquid MS-0 medium containing PEG 6000 (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent). Growth, development, and the tissue damage score of the epycotyl were observed after six weeks. Total content of proline were analyzed for stressed and non stressed epycotyl to determine effect of PEG stress on proline accumulation. Results of the experiment indicated that addition of PEG 6000 in to MS-0 medium inhibited growth and development of peanut epycotyls and increased its total proline content. Addition of PEG 6000 might be used to simulate drought stress under in vitro condition. PEG at 15% concentration was effective for inhibiting growth and development of epycotyl explant. The response of peanut epycotyls against medium containing 15% PEG 6000 might be used as alternative methods for screening peanut tolerance against drought stress. The TDK and TTK might be used as explant, while increased in shoot length (TTK), in leaf number (TDK and TTK), in milted leaf number (TDK and TTK), in root number (TDK) and score of tissue damage (TDK) might be used as criteria for drought tolerance.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE DETERMINANTS: EVIDENCE FROM PALESTINE AND EGYPT STOCK EXCHANGES
Authors: Abdul Hadi Abdul Razak , Suryanto Tulus
Published: April 2017

Abstract -This study is driven by the motivation to examine the capital structure determinants for Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) and Egypt Stock Exchange (EGX). Within the framework of capital structure theories, this study uses Generalized Method of Moments (GMM,1982) as an estimation model employing quarterly panel data analysis during the observed period from 2008 till 2012. The test results from GMM indicate that all the examined determinants have significant relationship with leverage. It has a negative value with liquidity, non-debt tax shield, profitability, size and growth. The Egyptian firms have some uniqueness in its trend. Current assets, debt ratio and liquidity behave positively with leverage except for growth. The other tested determinants in Egyptian companies are found to be not significant.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK MARKET RETURNS AND EXCHANGERATES IN EMERGING STOCK MARKETS
Authors: Arshad M.N. , Yahya M.H.
Published: April 2017

Abstract-This paper aims to study the relationship between stock market returns and exchange rates in emerging stock markets including Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines. The data is taken from January 2003 to December 2012 using weekly closing indices and separated in two periods; before (2003-2007) and second, after (2008-2012) the financial crisis of 2008. Johansen-Juselius (JJ). Granger causality tests show that unidirectional causality exists between the stock market returns and exchange rates for Thailand before the financial crisis, whilst, for Indonesia and Singapore, the unidirectional causality between the two variables is detected in the period after the financial crisis. Error Correction Model (ECM) indicates the existence of long run causality between the two variables for Philippines. This study also finds that most of the emerging stock markets are informationally inefficient.
Cardiac arrest in an American Cocker Spaniel during a deep ear flush procedure
Authors: Gould Alexandra , Garcia-Pereira Fernando L. , Gram W. Dunbar
Published: April 2017

CASE DESCRIPTION A 14-year-old spayed female American Cocker Spaniel with bilateral otitis media and no evidence of cardiovascular instability was anesthetized to allow performance of a deep ear flush.

CLINICAL FINDINGS Otoscopic examination of the left ear revealed evidence of chronic inflammation; the ear was flushed with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Examination of the right ear revealed more severe chronic inflammation than in the left ear, including a ruptured tympanum (timing of rupture unknown). The right ear was flushed with sterile saline solution, and several drops of otic medication were instilled. During infusion of saline solution, the ECG revealed a rapid decrease in heart rate until no more electrical activity was noted. Pulse also ceased to be detectable via pulse oximetry and femoral artery palpation.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Isoflurane was discontinued immediately after recognition of cardiac arrest. Shortly after, atropine (0.04 mg/kg [0.02 mg/lb]) and epinephrine (0.3 mg/kg [0.14 mg/lb]) were administered IV, chest compressions and ventilation were performed for 2 to 3 minutes, and 3 boluses (each 5 mL/kg) of lactated Ringer solution were administered IV. The dog was extubated 8 minutes after anesthesia was discontinued, and its recovery was monitored for the next 5 hours. No further incidents of cardiac arrest occurred after recovery from anesthesia.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE This case represented a rarely documented potential complication associated with otic manipulation in a dog: cardiac arrest secondary to stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Veterinarians should be prepared for and warn clients of this possibility prior to otic flushing.
Hiperlocal como um elemento de convergência entre a digitalização e o reforço de identidades.
Authors: Aranha Angelo Sottovia , Miranda Giovani Vieira
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho busca evidenciar como a revolução das novas tecnologias e o surgimento de uma concepção digital alteraram os processos de produção e consumo de conteúdos informativos. As análises servirão de preâmbulo para a discussão sobre o novo cenário no qual está inserido o processo de construção do Jornalismo com direção para novos panoramas no meio digital e suas implicações em nível local, bem como aportar para as novas possibilidades de identificação do público receptor.
Propagandas pre-roll no YouTube: percepções sobre a mídia online
Authors: Sagaz Sidimar Meira , De Oliveira Rodrigo Oliveira
Published: April 2017

A Internet é entendida como uma plataforma que facilita a comunicação, a interação e o compartilhamento de conteúdos entre os usuários. O ciberespaço tem sido visto hoje, pelas empresas, como uma oportunidade de ganhos através de ações de publicidade. Esse é o caso do uso das propagandas pre-roll, que costumam ser apresentadas antes dos vídeos do YouTube. Elas constituem uma alternativa para as marcas comunicarem, atraírem consumidores e para se diferenciarem dos seus concorrentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar percepções de internautas sobre as propagandas pre-roll em vídeos do YouTube. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa multimetodológica, pautada em princípios da Teoria Fundamentada (TF). Foram analisados tópicos específicos do YouTube Fórum de Ajuda. Os resultados demonstram que existem importantes críticas e rejeições por parte dos usuários do YouTube às propagandas. Porém, o mesmo não pode ser observado por parte dos criadores de conteúdo e anunciantes. Constatou-se que o fato existir um Fórum de Ajuda no YouTube possibilita que suas opiniões, críticas e sugestões encontrem ecos no ciberespaço. Ao mesmo tempo, espera-se que outras investigações sejam conduzidas, em função da carência de pesquisas sobre o assunto. Entende-se, por fim, que há a necessidade de mudanças na forma como tais propagandas são veiculadas. Assim, será possível construir um referencial de boas condutas entre os anunciantes e sua respectiva clientela.
Falar sobre organização é falar sobre comunicação? Escola de Montreal no estudo de uma Organização brasileira
Authors: Magalhães Daniella Rocha
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta um estudo qualitativo em que fazemos a leitura de uma organização da sociedade civil, o Fórum Nacional de Prevenção e Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil – FNPETI, a partir da Escola de Montreal. Nosso objetivo foi compreender a constituição comunicativa do FNPETI pela dinâmica texto – conversação, uma das bases teóricas dessa Escola. O procedimento metodológico foi a análise de uma unidade texto – conversação, extraída de assembleia plenária, cujo tema foi a filiação de novas organizações. Observamos que por meio da linguagem e da interação os agentes construíram sentido e materializaram um texto sobre as filiações. Essa análise nos permitiu aferir o potencial explicativo da Escola de Montreal. Se hipoteticamente suprimirmos o elemento comunicação do Fórum ele corre o risco de deixar de existir. Assim, podemos nos referir ao FNPETI como organização na comunicação.
Gastric Mucous Atrophy and Metaplasia in Patient with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Darnindro Nikko , Syam Ari Fahrial , Handjari Diah Rini , Makmun Dadang
Published: April 2017

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacteria found in human and cause chronic infection. Recent study conducted in one of private hospitals in Jakarta shows that there is a trend of declining prevalance of H. pylori from 12.5% in 1998 to 2.9% in 2005. The aim of this study is to obtain` the prevalance of gastric atrophy and metaplasia in patients with H. pylori infection based on histopathology.Method: This was a case control study between June to August 2014 with 69 cases and 71 controls using medical records datas and histopathology results. Control sample was taken consecutively from patient undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure in 2013.Results: The average age for patient with H. pylori was 51 years slightly higher than patient with negative H. pylori (p 0.05). Generally, the prevalence rate among males was slightly lower than females (p 0.05). From Histopathology findings, active chronic gastritis was found in 62.3% patients with positive H. pylori than only 12.7% in patient with negative H. pylori (95% CI = 4.86-26.7; OR = 11.31). Mild and moderate  atrophy was higher among H. pylori positive (p = 0.09). gastric mucous metaplasia was also higher (10% vs. 1.4%) among positive H. pylori patient (p = 0.03).Conclusion: H. pylori infection can cause atrophy and metaplasia in gastric mucosa. Prevalence of gastric metaplasia caused by H. pylori infection is lower in this study compared to the same study abroad.
Recurrent Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Caused by Gastric Angiodysplasias
Authors: Simanjuntak Waldemar
Published: April 2017

Gastric angiodysplasia, a typical discrete lesion with flat and bright-red color in gastric mucosa and submucosa, is one of the cause of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Mostly, angiodysplasia found as multiple lesion in different location. Melena, hematemesis, and chronic anemia is a consequence of untreated gastric angiodysplasia. Sometimes, it is hard to diagnose, because of its similarities with another gastric mucosa lesion and an inadequate gastric distention during endoscopic procedure. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy were used to treat this condition in daily clinical practice, one of them is argon plasma coagulation as thermal modalities during endoscopy procedure. This therapy promise an  effective angiodysplasia therapy to stop upper gastrointestinal bleeding and further complication.Gastric angiodysplasias causing recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding were found in a 73-year old man. He had been hospitalized for several times in the last two years in various hospitals in his home country as well as abroad, because of hematemesis and/or melena. The previous  repeated  gastroscopic examination by experienced endoscopists revealed erosive gastritis. After receiving blood transfusions, gastroscopy was performed and showed multiple small, flat bright-red mucosal lesions in different size in the stomach. The lesions were succesfully treated with argon plasma coagulation (APC). During a follow-up period of more than 18 months no further recurrent bleeding was observed.
Administration of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Herwanto Velma , Sanityoso Andri
Published: April 2017

Aim: To identify if methotrexate (MTX) may be given to chronic hepatitis B patients and to evaluate the necessity of antiviral prophylaxis administration.Method: Literature search procedure to answer this clinical problem was performed by exploring the literature online using PubMed, Highwire Stanford University, NUS Library, and MD Consult search engines. With this searching method, we found 20 articles in English. From those 20 articles, there were two articles relevant based on the title and abstract (studies by Tamori et al and Mori).Results: From 45 patients without HbsAg from Tamori et al study, only one from 3 patients receiving disease-modifying antirheumatoid drug/DMARD (including MTX) experienced reactivation. Those three patients did not receive anti-TNF-α therapy. Study by Mori concluded that DMARD was relatively safe to be given to most RA patients with the history of HBV infection, although they were not given anti HBV prophylaxis therapy.Conclusion: MTX is not recommended for patient in this case because it is contraindicated to be given in HBV infected patient with any given Child Pugh score. If MTX is still given, it is recommended to give antiviral prophylaxis therapy.
Diagnostic Approach to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: The Role of GERD Questionnaire and PPI Test
Authors: Habibah Ummu , Fauzi Achmad
Published: April 2017

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), according to American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), is symptoms or mucosal damage produced by abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. In most patients with GERD, showed no abnormalities in the endoscopic picture. This is what underlies the importance of a diagnostic tool in the form of assessment for the degree of severity of the disease based on symptoms, response to therapy and effect on the patients’ quality of life. This diagnostic tool is then formulated in the form of a questionnaire (GERD Questionnaire). Response to treatment with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs is also often used to support the diagnosis of this disease.DIAMOND study is a large study which aim to assess the accuration of the questionnaire and use of PPI test. Diagnostic method with questionnaire modality and followed by PPI test have sensitivity and specificity value, which are relatively similar to the symptoms-based diagnoses performed by general practitioners or gastroenterologist, as well as when compared to endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring. Although the diagnosis by methods of questionnaires and PPI test is not the most ideal test in term of accuracy, but these tests are not expensive, readily available and worked mainly on primary health care. These test methods are favored compared to other tests.
Success Rate of Liver Stiffness Measurement Using Transient Elastography in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Obesity and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Mulyana Edi , Hasan Irsan , Simadibrata Marcellus , Shatri Hamzah
Published: April 2017

Background: Percentage of patients who had liver stiffness measurement failure using transient elastography varied between 2-10%; mainly caused by obesity. XL probe is expected to increase the success rate of liver stiffness measurement in patients with obesity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the success of liver stiffness measurement using M and XL probes and its influencing factors.Method: Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Examination results were then analysed using statistical analysis unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney and McNemar statistical tests.Results: From 92 NAFLD patients with obesity who were studied, the proportion of success in measuring liver stiffness using M probe was 57.6%, while that of XL probe was 88.0%. This difference was statistically significant (p 0.001). BMI, SCD, and thoracic circumference were associated with success in measuring liver stiffness using M probe, with p value of 0.007, 0.001, and 0.001 respectively. The results of Mann-Whitney statistical test revealed median value of BMI and SCD of patients who had liver stiffness measurement failure using M probe were 32.7 kg/m2 and 2.6 cm respectively. T-test results showed that the mean value of thoracic circumference of patients who had liver stiffness measurement failure using M probe was 97.8 cm.Conclusion: Proportion of success in measuring liver stiffness in NAFLD patients with obesity using XL probe was better compared to the M probe. BMI, SCD, and thoracic circumference were associated with the success of measuring liver stiffness using M probe. The same variables were not associated with XL probe.
As políticas sociais nas disciplinas dos cursos de graduação em Psicologia no Brasil1
Authors: Seixas Pablo De Souza , Costa Ana Ludmila , De Oliveira Andressa Maia , Da Costa Joyce Pereira , Yamamoto Oswaldo Hajime
Published: April 2017

Objetivou-se investigar o tema “política social” nas disciplinas dos cursos de Psicologia no Brasil. Foram analisados 40 Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos de Instituições de Ensino Superior com distintas características (natureza jurídica, organização acadêmica e localização geográfica). Destes, identificou-se ementas de disciplinas a partir de critérios prévios e classificou-se quanto as áreas da Psicologia e conteúdo temático. Os principais resultados apontam a presença do tema em 8,3% das 2600 disciplinas analisadas, de forma pulverizada entre as instituições, sendo “Política social” estudada no Núcleo Comum (70%) e articulada com áreas especializadas da Psicologia (85%). Percebe-se que a abordagem mais ampla de políticas sociais, essencial para um profissional crítico, não ocorre de modo sistemático. Sugere-se investigar as orientações teórico-políticas tratadas nas disciplinas.
A Dispensação de Psicofármacos em um Município de Pequeno Porte: Considerações Acerca da Medicalização da Vida
Authors: Da Silveira Suely Teodora , De Carvalho Andréa Resende Vieira , Vecchia Marcelo Dalla , Melo Walter
Published: April 2017

A hipótese da medicalização da vida é discutida pelo estudo da dispensação de psicofármacos em um município mineiro de pequeno porte. Foram sistematizados e analisados 1.240 registros de dispensação pela rede pública de saúde em 2012. Os antiepiléticos foram mais prescritos no período (37,6%), seguidos de ansiolíticos (33,8%) e antipsicóticos (17,3%). Mulheres receberam a maior parte das prescrições (67,6%). As prescrições foram concentradas nas faixas etárias de 50-59 (20,8%), 60-69 (18,5%) e 40-49 anos (17%). A adesão aos psicofármacos no tratamento do sofrimento mental mostrou-se relevante nesta localidade, sendo a alta prescrição um indicador indireto. Elaboração e desenvolvimento de propostas de desmedicalização junto dos usuários do SUS são fundamentais na direção da atenção integral à saúde.
Ajustamento Conjugal: a função das características individuais, do casal e do contexto
Authors: Rosado Juliana Szpoganicz , Barbosa Paola Vargas , Wagner Adriana
Published: April 2017

A qualidade dos relacionamentos conjugais é circunscrita por diversos fatores. Este trabalho investigou como a idade, o nível de escolaridade, a orientação sexual, o status conjugal, o tempo de duração da relação, a presença ou não de filhos, a percepção da conjugalidade dos pais, o salário, a satisfação com o trabalho e a satisfação com a condição econômica se associavam ao ajustamento conjugal de 1350 participantes, de ambos os sexos, de diferentes regiões do país. Análises de variância (ANOVA) revelaram que a qualidade conjugal se associa a aspectos individuais, da dinâmica conjugal e vida laboral dos participantes. Indivíduos jovens, homossexuais, sem filhos, com percepção positiva da conjugalidade dos pais e que estavam satisfeitos com a condição financeira e de trabalho indicaram maiores níveis de ajustamento conjugal.
Estudo de Sintomas Depressivos em Crianças sob situação de Acolhimento Institucional
Authors: Oliveira Lorena De Melo Mendonça , Resende Ana Cristina
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar sintomas depressivos e comportamentais em crianças em situação de acolhimento institucional, por meio do CDI e do CBCL. Participaram deste estudo 50 crianças, de ambos os sexos, de sete a onze anos divididas em dois grupos: 23 crianças institucionalizadas (GI) e 27 crianças, semelhantes em termo de idade e escolaridade ao G1, que residiam com suas famílias (GF). Os resultados apontam que as crianças do GI apresentaram no CBCL média de pontuação significativamente maior na escala de problemas externalizantes (M=88,78; DP=19,71) e no CDI, média de pontuação significativamente maior de sintomas depressivos (M = 12,61; DP = 6,28). De forma geral, foi detectada associação entre sintomas depressivos e comportamentos externalizantes (r = 0,43; p<0,05).
Construção e validade de conteúdo da Escala Cognitiva de Ansiedade em adultos
Authors: Falcone Eliane Mary de Oliveira , Baptista Makilim Nunes , Placido Monique Gomes , Krieger Stèphanie , Oliveira Evlyn Rodrigues , Falcone Juliana Franco , Vieira Beatriz Ferreira Lopes
Published: April 2017

O artigo apresenta a construção e avaliação das evidências de validade de conteúdo da Escala Cognitiva de Ansiedade (ECOGA), a partir de uma revisão narrativa sobre crenças cognitivas de ansiedade, em que foram identificados 17 descritores cognitivos da ansiedade clínica, classificados em quatro categorias. Tais descritores basearam a construção dos itens da escala, a qual foi avaliada quanto a sua clareza e adequação por oito juízes experientes no tema, e quanto a seu grau de compreensão por nove indivíduos com baixa escolaridade. Após essa avaliação, um item foi excluído e 11 modificados. A ECOGA, em sua versão piloto, contém 73 itens e sua estrutura fatorial ainda precisa ser conhecida para continuidade da busca de outras evidências de validade do instrumento.
Escala Brasileira de Coping para Adolescentes (EBCA): versão revisada
Authors: Câmara Sheila Gonçalves , Carlotto Mary Sandra
Published: April 2017

Este artigo objetivou revisar a Escala Brasileira de Coping para Adolescentes (EBCA) considerando o modelo teórico de coping de duas dimensões, foco no problema e foco na emoção. A versão revisada constitui-se de 31itense foi aplicada em 802 adolescentes de escolas públicas de uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Os dados foram submetidos à análise fatorial confirmatória que indicou adequados índices de ajustes e alfas satisfatórios para um modelo composto por 15 itens, 8 que avaliam as estratégias com foco na emoção e 7 com foco no problema. O uso da EBCA-Revisada pode contribuir tanto para o quanto para intervenções com vistas ao incremento de estratégias que contribuam para uma maior qualidade de vida na adolescência.
Evidências de validade da escala PSOSH: Estigmatização e procura de ajuda psicológi
Authors: Baptista Makilim Nunes
Published: April 2017

O estigma é uma variável de importante relevância em saúde mental, o que torna sua mensuração indispensável à prática profissional. Este estudo objetivou buscar evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna para a escala PSOSH. Participaram da pesquisa 275 estudantes universitários da área de Psicologia, dos quais 82,4% eram do sexo feminino e a idade variou de 18 a 54 anos. Verificou-se que a PSOSH apresentou ótimo valor para alfa de Cronbach. Os itens tiveram cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,5 e variância explicada de 62,9% para um fator. Índices Infit, Outfit e da CCI adequados. Estes resultados ratificam as qualidades psicométricas adequadas para utilização da escala na prática profissional e recomendam-se pesquisas com grupos de distintas condições clínicas.
Evaluation of bioactivity of Annona muricata, Piper betle and Mentha spicata
Authors: Samrot Antony V. , H. Sherly , K. Sahiti , Rohan D. Bennet , P. Raji
Published: April 2017

Plants produce wide variety of phytochemical compounds which have been known to perform most biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant activities etc. Plants which possess these medicinal properties are known to be medicinal plants. In this study, Annona muricata, Piper betle and Mentha spicata were collected from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The crude extracts were taken using various solvents like acetone, ethanol, chloroform, toluene and petroleum ether. All the extracts were subjected for qualitative analysis for the phytochemicals. All the samples were also subjected for antibacterial activity and TLC bioautography analysis for antioxidants. Since they found to possess antioxidant activity, quantitative assay for antioxidant activity like DPPH and FRAP assays were performed.Keywords: Annona muricata, Piper betle and Mentha spicata
Phytoconstituents screening and in-vitro evaluation of total antioxidant activity of marine red algae Gracilaria fergusonii J. Agardh
Authors: Panneer Jenifer , Balakrishnan C. P.
Published: April 2017

Evaluation of various organic solvent extracts of marine red algae Gracilaria fergusonii used for priliminary screening of phytoconstituents and in-vitro total antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening was carried out by cooling percolation extraction using different solvents like acetone, ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, benzene, methanol and water. The standard regression of alpha tocopherol gives linear regression [y=0.0004x + 0.0807 (R2= 0.9814)] obtained and used to calculate the standard and the total antioxidant activity are expressed as equivalents of vitamin E (µg g-1). The present study reavealed that most of the phytochemicals like alkaloids,  coumarin, flavonoids, phenol, quinons, steroids, saponin, tannins, glycosides, amino acid, sugar, protein and fatty acid were present in the dried algal sample. The total antioxidant activity was done by phosphomolybdate method using α- tocopherol as standard. Keywords: Gracilaria fergusonii, phytoconstituents, antioxidant, α-tocopherol
A study on incidence and clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions at a private tertiary care hospital in north Karnataka
Authors: Mathew Binu , Airee Rajendra Singh , U. Abhinandana , Prasad Vishnu , Malpani Ashok , Doddayya Hiremath
Published: April 2017

It is important to identify the risks for ADRs, henceforth the common drugs causing ADRs, their therapeutic class, demographic data of patients suffered from ADRs and concomitant medications used should be known. Also ADR specific data such as type of reaction, system affected and probable causes will be of great help to minimize the ADRs. It was a prospective-observational Study. Nine patients (13.8%) were admitted due to an adverse drug Reaction compared to 56(86.15%) who were affected by ADR after hospital admission. The majority of patients who suffered from ADRs were of 30-59 years 41(63.2%). System most commonly affected were dermatological in 18(24.8%) patients, gastro Intestinal in 14(20%) patients, central nervous system in 11(19.2%) patients followed by respiratory system in 9(17.6%) patients. The drug class mostly associated with ADR was NSAIDS in 10(13.6%) cases, followed by antibiotics in 9 (11.2%) cases .In 6 (9.6%) cases the drug was withdrawn, dose altered in 9(11.2%) and no change was made in 45(79.2%) patients. Adverse reactions encountered were treated and the final outcome was measured. About 63 (98.4%) patients recovered, while in 2(1.6%) cases the ADR decreased. No fatal cases were reported. Intervention was required in all ADRs as it indirectly contributed to affect the patient’s quality of life. Our ability to anticipate and prevent such ADRs can be facilitated by the establishment of standardized approaches and active reporting of suspected ADRs.  Our study shows that ADRs are a significant problem in hospital in-patients contributing to morbidity and resulting in considerable financial burden. Over half are definitely at potentially avoidable and steps should be taken to introduce strategies to reduce their impact. Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, Monitoring, Hospital, Pharmacist
Antibacterial activity of seed extracts of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq
Authors: Vigneshwaran L. V. , Lalitha K. G.
Published: April 2017

Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. (Meliaceae) seeds and bark were used traditionally for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, malaria, and in epilepsy. In the present study the phytochemical investigations involve the extraction of plant material obtained by following cold maceration with ethanol and the percentage yield of the extract is 12.86% and identification of the phytoconstituents. Then the solvent extraction process was processed by the following order of polarity as petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate and ethanol. These extractions were evaluated for anti microbial activity by Cup Plate method, a commercial sample ofloxacin is used as standard antibiotic. Sterile Petri dishes were filled to a depth of 4.5 mm with sterile nutrient agar medium that had previously been inoculated with a suitable inoculum of test organism of P.aeruginosa-MCC2080, B.licheniformis-MCC2297, P.mirabilis-, S.aureus-MCC2408 and E.Coli-MCC2246 individually at 45°C to 50°C. 0.1ml of the standard drug and test extract were poured into bored wells by means of 1ml sterile syringe and incubated at 37 °c for 24 hours. The ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate extract of S.mahagoni Jacq. seed at different  dose (40, 60, 80mg/ml) level showing significant anti-microbial activity. The plant can be considered as low cost, potent, herbal medicine for good anti-microbial activity. Keywords: Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Anti microbial activity, extracts
In silico ADME, Bioactivity and Toxicity Parameters Calculation of Some Selected Anti-Tubercular Drugs
Authors: Shekhar Mishra Shashank , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Singh Hemendra Pratap , Pandiya Harshda , Kumar Neeraj
Published: April 2017

Tuberculosis, one of the most frequent infectious diseases, is caused by a mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and it infects several hundred million people each year, results in several million deaths annually. Because there is development of antibiotic resistance, the disease becomes incurable. So, in the absence of effective and potent drug with minimal resistance problems, the mortality rate increases annually. In this computational investigation, we performed In-silico ADME, bioactivity and toxicity parameters calculation of some selected anti-tuberculosis agents. To design a new molecule having good pharmacological profile, this study will provide the lead information.Key Words: Tuberculosis (TB), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, TPSA, In Silico toxicity
A Comparative Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Different Extracts of Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. Resin
Authors: Vashisht Sushma , Singh Manish Pal , Chawla Viney
Published: April 2017

Shorea robusta (Shal) is an important traditional Indian medicinal plant used in various ailments and rituals. The use of different parts of this plant like leaves and resin as a medicament for treatment of various conditions is well documented in literature. However, the studies on phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties in the resin of this plant are scanty. All three samples carried out microscopic characters, ash values, extractive values, T.L.C., and chemical tests. The extractability of methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of Shorea robusta were found to be 44.85%, 48.57% and 4.48% respectively. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts of Shorea robusta revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids and amino acids. The presence of alkaloids and triterpenoids were confirmed by qualitative tests followed by TLC.Key Words: Shorea robusta, phytochemical analysis, triterpenoids, flavonoids.
Nutrition characteristics and morbidity of adolescents (15-17 years) of Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Kochkorova Feruza , Esenamanova Marina , Atambaeva Raisa , Tsivinskaya Tatyana , Erbaev Anarbek
Published: April 2017

Objective: In this study, we analyzed the nutrition status and morbidity of adolescents.

Methods: The data for the current study were obtained from the database of National statistical committee of Kyrgyz Republic for the period of 2009-2014 on nutritional and energy value of nutrition of urban and rural population living in conditions of high-, middle- and low-altitudes. We compared obtained data with current recommended norms of consumption for food ingredients, energy and food products.

  Results: Among adolescents of Kyrgyz Republic, residing especially in rural and high-altitude regions, there is an excessive consumption of fat and carbohydrates, and reduced consumption of protein. There is an increasing trend in prevalence of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders, as well as malignancy for the period 2010-2014.

Conclusion: The nutrition of adolescents is unbalanced and unhealthy, with diet composed mostly of carbohydrates and fat, lacking proteins and fruit and vegetables, accompanied by increased trend of morbidity, especially in rural and high-altitude regions. There is a need for interventions directed both to decrease poverty levels and increase awareness of healthy nutrition among adolescents and their families.
There is an alternative: A report on an action research project to develop a framework for co-operative higher education
Authors: Neary Mike , Winn Joss
Published: April 2017

This report provides an interim account of a participatory action research project undertaken during 2015–16. The research brought together scholars, students and expert members of the co-operative movement to design a theoretically informed and practically grounded framework for co-operative higher education that activists, educators and the co-operative movement could take forward into implementation. Our dual roles in the research were as founding members of the Social Science Centre, Lincoln, an autonomous co-operative for higher education constituted in 2011 (Social Science Centre 2013), and as professional researchers working at the University of Lincoln. The immediate context for the research was, and remains, the ‘assault’ on universities in the U.K. (Bailey and Freedman 2011), the ‘gamble’ being taken with the future of higher education (McGettigan 2013), and the ‘pedagogy of debt’ (Williams 2006) that has been imposed through the removal of public funding of teaching and the concurrent tripling of tuition fees (Sutton Trust 2016).
Intervenir pour la conception de l’espace de l’activité : vers un cadre méthodologique
Authors: Heddad Nadia
Published: April 2017

La dimension spatiale est propre à toute situation d’activité. Elle est reconnue comme partie intégrante de la situation de travail même si le concept d’espace est peu clarifié en ergonomie. Ce texte propose une démarche pour une conception conjointe de l’activité et l’espace au travers de la notion de l’espace de l’activité. Le concept s’inscrit dans un double cadre théorique et méthodologique a) l’approche instrumentale est exploitée pour saisir la dimension matérielle et organisationnelle de l’espace considéré comme un artefact auquel peuvent être associés des schèmes d’utilisation b) le recours à la théorie de l’enaction vise à saisir la dimension émergente de l’espace autour des relations qui se construisent dans le faire de l’activité et qui constituent une forme de communication non verbale. L’idée défendue est que toute activité se réalise dans, et détermine, un espace matériel et relationnel au travers des actions, des échanges entre les sujets ou entre les sujets et les objets qui les entourent. Ce texte propose une démarche pour intervenir en conception avec l’objectif d’articuler le déroulé de l’activité et la dynamique spatiale de l’activité. En conséquence, il s’agit de concevoir d’une part, l’espace, en tant que dispositif matériel et organisationnel, comme un support à l’activité dans une approche instrumentale et développementale des artefacts et des activités. D’autre part, il s’agit de prendre en compte la dimension émergente de l’espace de l’activité. L’approche proposée invite à penser conjointement l’espace et l’activité dans une visée de développement de l’activité et de l’espace de l’activité.
E-Health
Authors: Usher Wayne
Published: April 2017

This chapter will identify how Australian university students access and use various forms of technology (Web 1.0 – Internet, Web 2.0 – social media - SM) to retrieve personal health information. This chapter will move beyond Web 1.0, to present a theoretical basis of claim, concerning the extent to which other forms of technology (e.g. Web 2.0 and wireless monitoring devices) have impacted on youth. What is more, attention will be directed towards outlining to what degree this has shaped their patterns of health information retrieval. Importantly, this chapter aligns with contemporary literature that suggests a need for further studies into the area of human - technology interactions, which promotes sustainable action plans and strategies that will create and encourage reform throughout e-health programs and interactive communication platforms. Given that Australian university students are prolific users of modern forms of communication technology and that youth, in general, characteristically undertake relatively high levels of risky health behaviours and unhealthy lifestyle choices, such a chapter would seem warranted.
Gamification to Improve Adherence to Clinical Treatment Advice
Authors: Richards Deborah , Caldwell Patrina H.Y.
Published: April 2017

This chapter looks at how gamification of existing technology can be used to incorporate the factors that have been found to improve patient adherence. Lack of adherence to medical advice is a major problem because it reduces the likelihood of improved health outcomes and is a waste of costly and scarce resources. To provide intrinsically motivating game mechanics we discuss the use of an embodied virtual character to build an ongoing therapeutic alliance with the patient. Extrinsically motivating game mechanics are added via a game based on the token economy. The intention is to empower, engage and encourage the patient to adhere with the medical advice. A case study is provided for the condition of paediatric incontinence.
A Computational Perspective of Knowledge Empowerment for Healthcare Decision Making
Authors: Carney Timothy Jay
Published: April 2017

People in a variety of settings can be heard uttering the phrase that “knowledge is power” or the relatively equivalent concept that “information is power.” However, the research literature in particular lacks a simple and standardized way to examine the relationship between knowledge and power. There is a lack operational quantitative definitions of this relationship to adequately support the building of complex computational models used in addressing some longstanding public health and healthcare delivery issues like differential access to care, inequitable care and treatment, institutional bias, disparities in health outcomes, and eliminating barriers to patient-centered care. The objective of this discussion is to present a relational algorithm that can be used in both conceptual discussions on knowledge empowerment modeling, as well as in the building of computational models that want to explore the variable of knowledge empowerment within computer simulation experiments.
The Past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Cummings Elizabeth , Ellis Leonie , Turner Paul
Published: April 2017

This chapter examines how the rapid diffusion of social media and Mobile Web is impacting personal healthcare management amongst those living with chronic disease. Despite a recent increase in research in this area (Moorhead, et al., 2013), evaluating the “social” still poses challenges to conventional notions of the “Internet empowered” patient and the best ways to support the management of chronic disease (Østbye, et al., 2005). The chapter argues that there is a need for advancing conceptual thinking on how health and IT are now interacting at the level of individual patients/citizens and how this is continuing to transform health professional-patient interactions (Glasgow, et al., 2008). By drawing on examples of e-health research, the chapter illustrates how notions of the “social” and “technology” have evolved over time from medically centred e-health through to patient-centred e-health. The chapter considers how this evolution may lead to a future focus on community-centred personal healthcare of chronic disease supported by “social” e-health tools, applications, and services that continue to blur the more conventional boundaries between health professionals, patients, and their social networks.
Best Practices to Promote Patient and Donor Engagement to Care in Living Donor Transplant
Authors: Saita Emanuela , Zanini Susanna , Minetti Enrico , Acquati Chiara
Published: April 2017

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that patients' involvement promotes better health care outcomes and cost-effectiveness of services. However, limited literature is available about the experience of living donor kidney transplantation and best practices to promote patients and donors' engagement. Aim of the present chapter is to review the literature about patient engagement in the context of chronic kidney disease, and to introduce an innovative protocol developed to promote potential donors and recipients' participation and adherence to care at the Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital in Milan (Italy). Results are critical to reflect on the identification of best practices for patients' engagement in the context of chronic kidney disease. Through a better understanding of the emotional and affective dynamics and the relational implications that may influence the elaboration of the information given by health care providers, it will be possible to develop evidence-informed interventions.
A Framework for Evaluation of Video Quality of Service in Wireless Networks
Authors: Singh Dharm , Bishnoi Lal Chand
Published: April 2017

Today's IEEE 802.11n WLAN are capable of delivering the essential bandwidth for video by using MPEG-4 or H.264 codec compression. However, 802.11n devices are popular for delivering wireless video transmission. Even though there are some challenges for these devices specifically severe network congestion that degrade the quality of video transmission. For assessing the video transmission quality during a simulation on 802.11n WLAN technology, we extended a framework and toolset (802.11nMyEvalVid) which can be used to measures the QoS constraints in wireless networks, such as throughput, delays, and end-to-end delay. However, it also supports PSNR, which is a received video quality measuring technique based on a comparison of frame-by-frame. This chapter focused on a framework 802.11nMyEvalVid that can be used for research and evaluating new techniques for MAC-layer optimizations for simulating MPEG-4, H.264/AVC and H.264/SVC video over 802.11n WLAN in a more efficient and reliable way.
Mobile Networks and Indian Agricultural Sector
Authors: Jain Lokesh , Kumar Harish
Published: April 2017

Information dissemination in agricultural sector for its growth using information and communication technology (ICT) as a tool is need of the hour. This can be achieved using information systems. ICT benefits are helpful in exchange and dissemination of information among farming stakeholders. By using the latest tool of mobile technology, farmers can get the current information related to their farming jobs around the clock and at any location, as the mobile network have touched every part/location of the India. Using the features of the mobile-phones like GPS etc. one can get the localized information. Only need is to structure the abundant information available across the various organizations. So, a mobile based agricultural information system framework ‘mAgIDS' has been proposed employing the hybrid mobile application architecture approach. Client-server architecture using the location Application Programming Interface (API) has been proposed. Inference mechanism of the system has implemented on the basis of improved fuzzy rule promotion technique.
Wireless Networks
Authors: Rani Monika , Kumar Harish
Published: April 2017

VANET is a type of Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) that provides wireless communication between close by moving vehicles as well as between vehicles and road side fixed equipment. It requires the vehicles to be equipped with sensors and wireless devices and fixed roadside wireless infrastructure. There are number of research issues like Highly Dynamic Topology, Signal fading, Limited Bandwidth, Intermittent Connectivity, Mobility Modelling, Propagation Model, Routing which needs attention. The scope of this chapter is focused on various advances in Greedy Forwarding routing techniques. Various VANET routing protocols are reviewed and compared in this chapter.
Self-Organizing Network Solutions
Authors: Behjati Mohammadreza , Cosmas John
Published: April 2017

Quality of service (QoS) and network capacity are being insisted as the two dominant factors for the utmost network satisfaction within any mobile network contracts. On the other hand, the heterogeneous network (HetNets), which are constructed based on sub-network layers' cooperation between macrocell and shorter-range applications like micro, femto and relay nodes, are also introduced as an open door to the recent researches towards the desired network satisfaction for the recently upgraded networks like LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). Nevertheless, since any network cooperation is expected to include a number of challenges; this cooperation is not excluded of dealing with degrading effects, such as interference, among the sub-network elements. This chapter presents a detailed discussion in self-organizing network (SON) methodology, as a novel solution to deal with network challenges, e.g. inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC), mobility, power control, etc. to improve the network quality and capacity.
Critical Infrastructure Protection in Developing Countries
Authors: Farouk Amr
Published: April 2017

Not all infrastructures are critical. In most countries' definitions, a critical infrastructure (CI) is a collection of indispensable assets that provide an essential support for economic and social well-being, for public safety and for the functioning of key government responsibilities. CI assets can be classified into three broad categories: Physical, Cybernetic and Human. In the present era, Information and Communication Technology sector (e.g., Cloud Computing, Big Data, Internet of Things) can be regarded as the backbone of the economies of developed and the developing countries worldwide since they provide basic services to all segments of a society. Critical infrastructure protection (CIP) is a concept du jour in many developed countries. The present chapter discusses the method of protecting critical infrastructures in developing countries. It observes many developing countries experiencing massive growth in Internet capacity and the use of Internet-based technologies. Attacks on the information infrastructure can severely affect the ability of a country to function effectively.