bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-intensity interval training combining rowing and cycling efficiently improves insulin sensitivity, body composition and VO2max in men with obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Petersen Maria Houborg , de Almeida Martin Eisemann , Wentorf Emil Kleis , Jensen Kurt , Ørtenblad Niels , Højlund Kurt
Published: September 2022

Aim

Non-weight-bearing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) involving several muscle groups may efficiently improve metabolic health in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In a non-randomized intervention study, we examined the effect of a HIIT-protocol, recruiting both lower and upper body muscles, on insulin sensitivity, measures of metabolic health and adherence in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In 15 obese men with type 2 diabetes and age-matched obese (n=15) and lean (n=18) glucose-tolerant men, the effects of 8-weeks supervised HIIT combining rowing and cycling were examined by DXA-scan, exercise test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.

Results

At baseline, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (GDR) was ∼40% reduced in the diabetic vs the non-diabetic groups (allp<0.01). In response to HIIT, insulin-stimulated GDR increased ∼30-40% in all groups (allp<0.01) explained by increased glucose storage. These changes were accompanied by ∼8-15% increases in VO2max, (allp<0.01), decreased fat mass and increased lean body mass in all groups (allp<0.05). There were no correlations between these training adaptations and no group-differences in these responses. HbA1c showed a clinically relevant decrease in men with type 2 diabetes (4±2 mmol/mol;p<0.05). Importantly, adherence was high (>95%) and no injuries were reported.

Conclusions

A novel HIIT-protocol recruiting lower and upper body muscles efficiently improves insulin sensitivity, VO2max and body composition with intact responses in men with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The high adherence and lack of injuries show that non-weight-bearing HIIT involving several muscle groups is a promising mode of exercise training in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light improves accurate distinction between neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders at a cognitive neuropsychiatry service
Authors: Kang Matthew , Eratne Dhamidhu , Dobson Hannah , Malpas Charles B , Keem Michael , Lewis Courtney , Grewal Jasleen , Tsoukra Vivian , Dang Christa , Mocellin Ramon , Kalincik Tomas , Santillo Alexander F , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Stehmann Christiane , Varghese Shiji , Li Qiao-Xin , Masters Colin L , Collins Steven , Berkovic Samuel F , Evans Andrew , Kelso Wendy , Farrand Sarah , Loi Samantha M , Walterfang Mark , Velakoulis Dennis
Published: September 2022

Objective

People with neuropsychiatric symptoms often experience delay in accurate diagnosis. Although cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (CSF NfL) shows promise in distinguishing neurodegenerative disorders (ND) from psychiatric disorders (PSY), its accuracy in a diagnostically challenging cohort longitudinally is unknown.

Methods

We collected longitudinal diagnostic information (mean=36 months) from patients assessed at a neuropsychiatry service, categorising diagnoses as ND/mild cognitive impairment/other neurological disorders (ND/MCI/other), and PSY. We pre-specified NfL>582pg/mL as indicative of ND/MCI/other.

Results

Diagnostic category changed from initial to final diagnosis for 23% (49/212) of patients. NfL predicted the final diagnostic category for 92% (22/24) of these and predicted final diagnostic category overall (ND/MCI/other vs. PSY) in 88% (187/212), compared to 77% (163/212) with clinical assessment alone.

Conclusions

CSF NfL improved diagnostic accuracy, with potential to have led to earlier, accurate diagnosis in a real-world setting using a pre-specified cut-off, adding weight to translation of NfL into clinical practice.
The effects of COVID-19 on child mental and social health: biannual assessments up to April 2022 in a clinical and two general population samples
Authors: Zijlmans Josjan , Tieskens Jacintha M. , van Oers Hedy A. , Alrouh Hekmat , Luijten Michiel A.J. , de Groot Rowdy , van der Doelen Daniël , Klip Helen , van der Lans Rikkert M. , de Meyer Ronald , van der Mheen Malindi , Ruisch I. Hyun , van den Berg Germie , Bruining Hilgo , Buitelaar Jan , van der Rijken Rachel , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Kleinjan Marloes , Lindauer Ramón J.L. , Oostrom Kim J. , Staal Wouter , Vermeiren Robert , Cornet Ronald , Haverman Lotte , Popma Arne , Bartels Meike , Polderman Tinca J. C.
Published: September 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an acute impact on child mental and social health, but long-term effects are still unclear. We examined how child mental health has developed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic up to two years into the pandemic (April 2022).

Methods

We included children (age 8-18) from two general population samples (N = 222-1,333 per measurement and N = 2,401-13,362 for pre-covid data) and one clinical sample receiving psychiatric care (N = 334-748). Behavioral questionnaire data were assessed five times from April 2020 till April 2022 and pre-pandemic data were available for both general population samples. We collected parent-reported data on internalizing and externalizing problems with the Brief Problem Monitor and self-reported data on Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Sleep-related impairments, Anger, Global health, and Peer relations with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®).

Results

In all samples, parents reported overall increased internalizing problems, but no increases in externalizing problems, in their children. Children from the general population self-reported increased mental health problems from before to during the pandemic on all six PROMIS domains, with generally worst scores in April 2021, and scores improving towards April 2022 but not to pre-pandemic norms. Children from the clinical sample reported increased mental health problems throughout the pandemic, with generally worst scores in April 2021 or April 2022 and no improvement. We found evidence of minor age effects and no sex effects.

Conclusions

Child mental health in the general population has deteriorated during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, has improved since April 2021, but has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels. Children in psychiatric care show worsening of mental health problems during the pandemic, which has not improved since. Changes in child mental health should be monitored comprehensively to inform health care and policy.
The Neuroscience Multi-Omic Archive: A BRAIN Initiative resource for single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic data from the mammalian brain
Authors: Ament Seth A. , Adkins Ricky S. , Carter Robert , Chrysostomou Elena , Colantuoni Carlo , Crabtree Jonathan , Creasy Heather H. , Degatano Kylee , Felix Victor , Gandt Peter , Garden Gwenn A. , Giglio Michelle , Herb Brian R. , Khajouei Farzaneh , Kiernan Elizabeth , McCracken Carrie , McDaniel Kennedy , Nadendla Suvarna , Nickel Lance , Olley Dustin , Orvis Joshua , Receveur Joseph P. , Schor Mike , Tickle Timothy L. , Way Jessica , Hertzano Ronna , Mahurkar Anup A. , White Owen R
Published: September 2022

Scalable technologies to sequence the transcriptomes and epigenomes of single cells are transforming our understanding of cell types and cell states. The Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) is applying these technologies at unprecedented scale to map the cell types in the mammalian brain. In an effort to increase data FAIRness (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), the NIH has established repositories to make data generated by the BICCN and related BRAIN Initiative projects accessible to the broader research community. Here, we describe the Neuroscience Multi-Omic Archive (NeMO Archive; nemoarchive.org), which serves as the primary repository for genomics data from the BRAIN Initiative. Working closely with other BRAIN Initiative researchers, we have organized these data into a continually expanding, curated repository, which contains transcriptomic and epigenomic data from over 50 million brain cells, including single-cell genomic data from all of the major regions of the adult and prenatal human and mouse brains, as well as substantial single-cell genomic data from non-human primates. We make available several tools for accessing these data, including a searchable web portal, a cloud-computing interface for large-scale data processing (implemented on Terra, terra.bio), and a visualization and analysis platform, NeMO Analytics (nemoanalytics.org).

KEY POINTS

The Neuroscience Multi-Omic Archive serves as the genomics data repository for the BRAIN Initiative.

Genomic data from >50 million cells span all the major regions of the brains of humans and mice.

We provide a searchable web portal, a cloud-computing interface, and a data visualization platform.
Identification of the Metaphyseal Skeletal Stem Cell
Authors: Yang Guan , He Qi , Guo Xiaoxiao , Li Rong-Yu , Lin Jingting , Tao Wanyu , Liu Wenjia , Lin Huisang , Tang Mingchuan , Xing Shilai , Qi Yini , Peng Yanli , Dong Lei , Han Jingdong , Zhou Bin , Teng Yan , Yang Xiao
Published: September 2022

Identification of novel regional skeletal stem cells (SSCs) will provide a new cellular paradigm for bone physiology and dysfunction. Several populations of SSCs have been identified at distinct skeletal sites. However, a bona fide SSC population has not yet been formally characterized in the bone marrow. Here, we identify a metaphyseal SSCs (mpSSCs) population whose transcriptional landscape is distinct from other bone mesenchymal stromal cells (bMSCs) in the bone marrow. These mpSSCs emerge at the postnatal stage and reside just underneath the growth plate, consistent with the fact that these mpSSCs are exclusively derived from hypertrophic chondrocytes (HCs). These mpSSCs possess SSC properties such as self-renewal and multipotencyin vitroandin vivo, stand at the top of the HC de-differentiation path, and produce most HC progeny. Genetic block of the conversion from HCs to mpSSCs significantly compromises trabecular bone formation and bone regeneration. Thus, metaphysis houses a unique HC-derived SSC population, which is a major source of osteoblasts and bMSCs supporting postnatal trabecular bone formation.
Oncogenic YAP mediates changes in chromatin accessibility and activity that drive cell cycle gene expression and cell migration
Authors: Fetiva Maria Camila , Liss Franziska , Gertzmann Dörthe , Thomas Julius , Gantert Benedikt , Vogl Magdalena , Sira Nataliia , Weinstock Grit , Kneitz Susanne , Ade Carsten P. , Gaubatz Stefan
Published: September 2022

YAP, the key protein effector of the Hippo pathway, is a transcriptional co-activator that controls the expression of cell cycle genes, promotes cell growth and proliferation and regulates organ size. YAP modulates gene transcription by binding to distal enhancers, but the mechanisms of gene regulation by YAP-bound enhancers remain poorly understood. Here we show that constitute active YAP5SA leads to widespread changes in chromatin accessibility in untransformed MCF10A cells. Newly accessible regions include YAP-bound enhancers that mediate activation of cycle genes regulated by the Myb-MuvB (MMB) complex. By CRISPR-interference we identify a role for YAP-bound enhancers in phosphorylation of Pol II at Ser5 at MMB-regulated promoters, extending previously published studies that suggested YAP primarily regulates the pause-release step and transcriptional elongation. YAP5SA also leads to less accessible “closed” chromatin regions, which are not directly YAP-bound but which contain binding motifs for the p53 family of transcription factors. Diminished accessibility at these regions is, at least in part, a consequence of reduced expression and chromatin-binding of the p53 family member ΔNp63 resulting in downregulation of ΔNp63-target genes and promoting YAP-mediated cell migration. In summary, our studies uncover changes in chromatin accessibility and activity that contribute to the oncogenic activities of YAP.
Rapid, DNA-induced interface swapping by DNA gyrase
Authors: Germe Thomas , Bush Natassja G. , Baskerville Victoria , Saman Dominik , Benesch Justin , Maxwell Anthony
Published: September 2022

DNA gyrase, a ubiquitous bacterial enzyme, is a type IIA topoisomerase formed by heterotetramerisation of 2 GyrA subunits and 2 GyrB subunits, to form the active complex. GyrA is usually found as a dimer in solution, whereas GyrB can exist as a monomer. DNA gyrase is able to loop DNA around the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of GyrA and pass one DNA duplex through a transient double-strand break (DSB) established in another duplex. This results in the conversion of a positive loop into a negative one, thereby introducing negative supercoiling into the bacterial genome, an activity essential for DNA replication and transcription. The strong protein interface in the GyrA dimer must be broken to allow passage of the transported DNA segment and it is generally assumed that the interface is usually stable and only opens when DNA is transported, to prevent the introduction of deleterious DSBs in the genome. In this paper we show that DNA gyrase can exchange its DNA-cleaving interfaces between two active heterotetramers. This so-called interface “swapping” or “exchange” (IS) can occur within a few minutes in solution. We also show that bending of DNA by gyrase is essential for cleavage but not for DNA bindingper seand favors IS. interface swapping is also favored by DNA wrapping and an excess of GyrB. We suggest that proximity, promoted by GyrB oligomerization and binding and wrapping along a length of DNA, between two heterotetramers favors rapid interface exchange. This exchange does not require ATP, can occur in the presence of fluoroquinolones, and raises the possibility of non-homologous recombination solely through gyrase activity. The ability of gyrase to undergo interface swapping also explains how gyrase heterodimers, containing a single active-site tyrosine, can carry out double-strand passage reactions and therefore suggests an alternative explanation to the recently proposed “swivelling” mechanism for DNA gyrase (Gubaev, Weidlich, and Klostermeier 2016).
Cytomotive actins and tubulins share a polymerisation switch mechanism conferring robust dynamics
Authors: Wagstaff James Mark , Planelles-Herrero Vicente José , Sharov Grigory , Alnami Aisha , Kozielski Frank , Derivery Emmanuel , Löwe Jan
Published: September 2022

Protein filaments are used in myriads of ways to organise other molecules in space and time within cells. Some filament-forming proteins couple the hydrolysis of nucleotides to their polymerisation cycle, thus powering the directed movement of other molecules. These filaments are termed cytomotive. Only members of the actin and tubulin protein superfamilies are known to form cytomotive filaments. We sought to examine the basis of cytomotivity via structural studies of the polymerisation cycles of actin and tubulin homologues from across the tree of life. We analysed published data and performed new structural experiments designed to disentangle functional components of these complex filament systems. In sum, our analysis demonstrates the existence of shared subunit polymerisation switches amongst both cytomotive actins and tubulins, i.e. the conformation of subunits switches upon assembly into filaments. Such cytomotive switches explain filament robustness, by enabling the coupling of kinetic and structural polarities required for useful cytomotive behaviours, and by ensuring that single cytomotive filaments do not fall apart.
Complementary environmental analysis and functional characterization of a plastid diatom lower glycolytic-gluconeogenesis pathway
Authors: Dorrell Richard G. , Zhang Youjun , Liang Yue , Gueguen Nolwenn , Nonoyama Tomomi , Croteau Dany , Penot Mathias , Adiba Sandrine , Bailleul Benjamin , Gros Valérie , Karlusich Juan José Pierella , Zweig Nathanaël , Fernie Alisdair R. , Jouhet Juliette , Maréchal Eric , Bowler Chris
Published: September 2022

Organic carbon fixed in chloroplasts through the Calvin Cycle can be diverted towards different metabolic fates, including cytoplasmic and mitochondrial respiration; gluconeogenesis; and synthesis of diverse plastid metabolites via the pyruvate hub. In plants, pyruvate is principally produced via cytoplasmic glycolysis, although a plastid-targeted lower glycolytic pathway is known in non-photosynthetic tissue. Here, we characterize a lower plastid glycolytic-gluconeogenesis pathway in diatoms, ecologically important marine algae distantly related to plants. We show that two reversible enzymes required to complete diatom plastid glycolysis-gluconeogenesis, Enolase and PGAM (bis-phospho-glycerate mutase), originated through duplications of mitochondria-targeted respiratory isoforms. Through CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, integrative ‘omic analyses, and measured kinetics of expressed enzymes in the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum, we present evidence that this pathway diverts plastid glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into the pyruvate hub, and may also function in the gluconeogenic direction. Considering experimental data, we show that this pathway has different roles dependent in particular on day length and environmental temperature, and show that it is expressed at elevated levels in high latitude oceans where diatoms are abundant. Our data provide evolutionary, meta-genomic and functional insights into a poorly understood yet evolutionarily recurrent plastid metabolic pathway.
Potentiation of Adipogenesis by Reactive Oxygen Species is a Unifying Mechanism in the Pro-adipogenic Properties of Bisphenol A and its New Structural Analogues
Authors: Singh Radha D. , Wager Jessica L. , Scheidl Taylor B , Connors Liam T. , Easson Sarah , Callaghan Mikyla A. , Alatorre-Hinojosa Samuel , Swift Lucy H. , Colarusso Pina , Jadli Anshul , Shutt Timothy E. , Patel Vaibhav , Thompson Jennifer A.
Published: September 2022

Aims

Structural analogues of bisphenol A (BPA), including BPS and BPF, are emerging environmental toxicants as their presence in the environment is rising since new regulatory restrictions were placed on BPA-containing infant products. The adipogenesis-enhancing effect of bisphenols may explain the link between human exposure and metabolic disease; however, underlying molecular pathways remain unresolved.

Results

Exposure to BPS, BPF, BPA or ROS generators enhanced lipid droplet formation and expression of adipogenic markers after induction of differentiation in adipose-derived progenitors isolated from mice. RNAseq analysis in BPS-exposed progenitors revealed modulation in pathways regulating adipogenesis and responses to oxidative stress. ROS was higher in bisphenol-exposed cells, while co-treatment with antioxidants attenuated adipogenesis and abolished the effect of BPS. There was a loss of mitochondria membrane potential in BPS-exposed cells and mitochondria-derived ROS contributed to potentiation of adipogenesis by BPS and its analogues. Male mice exposed to BPS during gestation had higher whole-body adiposity, as measured by TD-NMR, while postnatal exposure had no impact on adiposity in either sex.

Innovation

These findings support existing evidence showing a role for ROS in regulating adipocyte differentiation and are the first to highlight ROS as a unifying mechanism that explains the pro-adipogenic properties of BPA and its structural analogues.

Conclusion

ROS act as signaling molecules in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and mediate bisphenol-induced potentiation of adipogenesis.
Real-time visualization of phagosomal pH manipulation by Cryptococcus neoformans in an immune signal-dependent way
Authors: Santiago-Burgos Emmanuel J. , Stuckey Peter V. , Santiago-Tirado Felipe H.
Published: September 2022

Understanding of how intracellular pathogens survive in their host cells is important to improve management of their diseases. This has been fruitful for intracellular bacteria but it is an understudied area in fungal pathogens. Here we start elucidating and characterizing the strategies used by one of the commonest fungal pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans, to survive intracellularly. The ability of the fungus to survive inside host cells is one of the main drivers of disease progression, yet it is unclear whether C. neoformans resides in a fully acidified, partially acidic, or neutral phagosome. Using a dye that only fluoresce under acidic conditions to stain C. neoformans, a hypha-defective Candida albicans mutant, and the nonpathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we characterized the fungal behaviors in infected macrophages by live microscopy. The main behavior in the C. albicans mutant strain and S. cerevisiae-phagosomes was rapid acidification after internalization, which remained for the duration of the imaging. In contrast, a significant number of C. neoformans-phagosomes exhibited alternative behaviors distinct from the normal phagosomal maturation: some phagosomes acidified with subsequent loss of acidification, and other phagosomes never acidified. Moreover, the frequency of these behaviors was affected by the immune status of the host cell. We applied the same technique to a flow cytometry analysis and found that a substantial percentage of C. neoformans-phagosomes showed impaired acidification, whereas almost 100% of the S. cerevisiae-phagosomes acidify. Lastly, using a membrane-damage reporter, we show phagosome permeabilization correlates with acidification alterations, but it is not the only strategy that C. neoformans uses to manipulate phagosomal acidification. The different behaviors described here provide an explanation to the confounding literature regarding cryptococcal-phagosome acidification and the methods can be applied to study other intracellular fungal pathogens.
Activity of EGFR transmembrane region variants indicates specific transmembrane dimers are not required for EGFR activity
Authors: Bartzoka Foteini , Gonzalez-Magaldi Monica , Byrne Patrick O. , Callery Nicole I. , Hristova Kalina , Leahy Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase that mediates cell proliferation and differentiation events during development and maintenance of complex organisms. Formation of specific, ligand-dependent EGFR dimers is a key step in stimulating EGFR signaling, and crystal structures of active, dimeric forms of isolated EGFR extracellular regions and kinase domains have revealed much about how dimer interactions regulate EGFR activity. The nature and role of the transmembrane region in regulating EGFR activity remains less clear, however. Proposed roles for the transmembrane region range from nonspecific but energetically favorable interactions to specific transmembrane dimer conformations being associated with active, inactive, or activity-modulated states of EGFR. To investigate the role of specific transmembrane dimers in modulating EGFR activity we generated thirteen EGFR variants with altered transmembrane sequences designed to favor or disfavor specific types of transmembrane region interactions. We show using FRET microscopy that EGFR transmembrane regions have an intrinsic propensity to associate in mammalian cell membranes that is counteracted by the extracellular region. We show using cell-based assays that each of the EGFR transmembrane variants except the Neu variant, which results in constitutive receptor phosphorylation, is able to autophosphorylate and stimulate phosphorylation of downstream effectors Erk and Akt. Our results indicate that many transmembrane sequences, including polyleucine, are compatible with EGFR activity and provide no evidence for specific transmembrane dimers regulating EGFR function.
Identification of a chemical probe for lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase gamma (PI5P4Kγ)
Authors: Drewry David H. , Potjewyd Frances M. , Smith Jeffery L. , Howell Stefanie , Axtman Alison D.
Published: September 2022

Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase gamma (PI5P4Kγ), which phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-5-monophosphate (PI(5)P), is a human lipid kinase with intriguing roles in inflammation, T cell activation, autophagy regulation, immunity, heart failure, and several cancers. To provide a high-quality chemical tool that would enable additional characterization of this protein, we designed and evaluated a potent, selective, and cell-active inhibitor of human PI5P4Kγ. We describe the use of the PI5P4Kγ NanoBRET assay to generate structure–activity relationships (SAR), support chemical probe (2) design, and identify a structurally related negative control (4). We have characterized the binding of our chemical probe to PI5P4Kγ using orthogonal assay formats reliant on competition with an ATP-competitive reagent. Based on our results in these assays, we hypothesize that 2 binds in the ATP active site of PI5P4Kγ. Kinome-wide profiling complemented by further off-target profiling confirmed the selectivity of both our chemical probe and negative control. When a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was treated with compound 2, increased mTORC1 signaling was observed, demonstrating that efficacious binding of 2 to PI5P4Kγ in cells results in activation of a negative feedback loop also reported in PI5P4Kγ knockout mice.
Dissection of genotype-by-environment interaction and simultaneous selection for grain yield and stability in faba bean (Vicia fabaL.)
Authors: Gela Tadesse S. , Khazaei Hamid , Podder Rajib , Vandenberg Albert
Published: September 2022

Increasing faba bean production is indispensable to supply the growing demand for plant-based protein on the global scale. A thorough understanding of genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction (GEI) patterns is critical to developing high-yielding varieties with wider adaptation. Thirteen faba bean genotypes were evaluated in 15 environments during 2019–2020 in western Canada to estimate their yield stability using different stability statistics. The combined analysis of variance and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis revealed that G, E, and GEI effects were highly significant (P<0.001), indicating differential responses of the genotypes across the environments, enabling the stability analysis. The result of the model comparison found the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) to outperform AMMI models. The BLUP-based biplot of the weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB) stability and mean grain yield identified AO1155 (Navi), 1089-1-2, 1310-5, DL Tesoro, and 1239-1 as high-yielding and stable genotypes. The correlation analysis revealed that most of the stability parameters had a strong association with grain yield and with each other, indicating that they should be used in combination with one another to select genotypes with high yield. Overall, the WAASB superiority index (WAASBY) and the average sum of ranks of all stability statistics identified the same genotypes in terms of high yielding and stability, and genotype AO1155 is considered the most stable and highest yielding among the tested genotypes. Genotypes with stable yields across environments would be beneficial for faba bean genetic improvement programs globally.

Core Ideas

Stability analysis was estimated using 13 faba bean genotypes over 15 site-years.

The different stability methods described genotypic performance in different ways.

The majority of stability models showed a strong rank correlation with grain yield.

AMMI and BLUP analyses revealed a highly significant G×E interaction, with BLUP outperforming AMMI.

Overall, the employed stability statistics identified AO1155 as the highest yielding and most stable genotype.
Genome-wide association study investigating short and long sleep duration: a cross-population meta-analysis
Authors: Austin-Zimmerman Isabelle , Levey Daniel F. , Giannakopoulou Olga , Deak Joseph D. , Galimberti Marco , Zhou Hang , Denaxas Spiros , Irizar Haritz , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , McQuillin Andrew ,   the Million Veteran Program, Concato John , Buysse Daniel J. , Gaziano J. Michael , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Polimanti Renato , Stein Murray B. , Bramon Elvira , Gelernter Joel
Published: September 2022

Sleep duration has been linked to a wide range of negative health outcomes and to reduced life expectancy. We conducted genome-wide association studies of short (≤5 hours) and long (≥10 hours) sleep duration in adults of European, African, East Asian, and admixed-American ancestry from UK Biobank and the Million Veteran Program. In a cross-population meta-analysis we identified 84 independent loci for short sleep and 1 for long sleep. We estimated SNP-based heritability for both sleep traits in each ancestry based on population derived linkage disequilibrium (LD) scores using cov-LDSC. We identified positive genetic correlation between short and long sleep traits (rg = 0.16±0.04; P=0.0002), as well as similar patterns of genetic correlation with other psychiatric and cardiometabolic phenotypes. Mendelian randomisation revealed a directional causal relationship between short sleep and depression, and a bidirectional causal relationship between long sleep and depression.
p57Kip2 acts as a transcriptional corepressor to regulate intestinal stem cell fate and proliferation
Authors: Creff Justine , Nowosad Ada , Prel Anne , Pizzoccaro Anne , Aguirrebengoa Marion , Duquesnes Nicolas , Callot Caroline , Jungas Thomas , Dozier Christine , Besson Arnaud
Published: September 2022

p57Kip2 is a cyclin/CDK inhibitor and a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Remarkably, p57 is the only CDK inhibitor required for embryonic development and p57 knockout mice display multiple developmental anomalies, including intestinal shortening. Here, we report that p57 regulates intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate and proliferation in a CDK-independent manner during intestinal development. In absence of p57, proliferation in intestinal crypts is markedly increased and genetic labelling experiments revealed an amplification of transit amplifying cells and of Hopx+ ISCs, which are no longer quiescent. On the other hand, Lgr5+ crypt-base columnar (CBC) cells were unaffected. RNA-Seq analyses of Hopx+ ISCs show major changes in gene expression in absence of p57. We found that p57 binds to and inhibits the activity of Ascl2, a transcription factor critical for ISC specification and maintenance, by participating in the recruitment of a corepressor complex to Ascl2 target gene promoters. Thus, our data suggests that during intestinal development, p57 plays a key role in maintaining Hopx+ stem cell quiescence and repressing the ISC phenotype outside of the crypt bottom by inhibiting the transcription factor Ascl2 in a CDK-independent manner.
Structures of Ca5(VO4)3Cl and Ca4.78(1)Na0.22(PO4)3Cl0.78: positions of channel anions and repulsion on the anion in apatite-type compounds
Authors: Matsuura Mimiko , Okudera Hiroki
Published: September 2022

Single crystal specimens of apatite-type compounds Ca5(VO4)3Cl and Ca4.78 (1)Na0.22(PO4)3Cl0.78 were prepared with a flux-growth technique and their structures were examined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The anion channel is defined by a face-sharing array of nearly regular Ca octahedra, which run along c, together with flat O3 trigonal antiprisms that are concentric with the Ca octahedra and highly oblate in [001]. The position of the channel anion in Ca5(VO4)3Cl is split into two at [0, 0, ±0.1691 (6)] with half occupancies. Dynamic disorder among these two positions is suggested from a saddle-shaped electron density distribution through the Ca regular triangle, i.e. the shared face of the Ca octahedra at z = ¼. The position of Cl− was too close to Ca2+ under bond-valence consideration. This is due to repulsion on Cl− from the flat O3 trigonal antiprism which is located at z = 0, namely, in between pairs of split Cl site positions. Ca4.78 (1)Na0.22(PO4)3Cl0.78 crystallizes as a disordered hexagonal structure in which the crystallographic pattern is not an intermediate state but a projection of two distinct halves of the monoclinic pattern [doubled in b; Mackie, Elliot & Young (1972). Acta Cryst. B28, 1840–1848] in one hexagonal cell. In spite of quite different environments, the bond-valence sums for Cl− in these structures are large and similar to each other. The repulsion between O2− and Cl− and a demand for keeping Ca2+ and Cl− apart are balanced at the positions where bond-valence sums for Cl− are around 1.2.
Bureau for Rapid Annotation Tool: collaboration can do more among variance annotations
Authors: Wang Zheng , Xu Shuo , Wang Yibo , Chai Xiaojiao , Chen Liang
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to solve the problems caused by the growing volumes of pre-annotated literature and variety-oriented annotations, including teamwork, quality control and time effort.

Design/methodology/approach

An annotation collaboration workbench is developed, which is named as Bureau for Rapid Annotation Tool (Brat). Main functionalities include an enhanced semantic constraint system, Vim-like shortcut keys, an annotation filter and a graph-visualizing annotation browser. With these functionalities, the annotators are encouraged to question their initial mindset, inspect conflicts and gain agreement from their peers.

Findings

The collaborative patterns can indeed be leveraged to structure properly every annotator’s behaviors. The Brat workbench can actually be seen as an experienced-based annotation tool by harnessing collective intelligence. Compared to previous counterparts, about one-third of time can be saved on Xinhuanet military news and patent corpora with the workbench.

Originality/value

The various annotations are very popular in real-world annotation tasks with multiple annotators. Though, it is still under-discussed on variety-oriented annotations. The findings of this study provide the practitioners valuable insight into how to govern annotation projects. In addition, the Brat workbench takes the first step for future research on annotating large-scale text resources.
The sooner, the better? Interactions of stakeholders in online food delivery service platforms
Authors: Jiao Tengxiao , Zhao Xiaohua , Li Xianguo
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This research aims to explore the interactions of stakeholders in online food delivery (OFD) platforms, including restaurants, the delivery system and the platform, and the effect on total sales. In order to comprehensively analyze the service of stakeholders, the authors adopted the time duration which provides a unified metric for assessing service performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model analysis to verify the interactions among restaurants, the delivery system, and the platform itself, and to assess their effects on the sales. Data were collected from one of the biggest OFD service platforms in China – Eleme.com.

Findings

First, the findings confirmed that the service performance of restaurants, the delivery system and the platform itself influence one another. There is a bidirectional causality between food preparation time (FPT) and actual delivery time (ACDT), as well as between FPT and advance arrival time (ADAT), ACDT and ADAT. Second, the service performance of restaurants, the delivery system, and the platform itself all positively affect sales, thus demonstrating unidirectional causality.

Originality/value

The current research is a pioneering empirical study, as it confirms the dynamic interactions between participants in OFD platforms and the dynamic influence of their respective service performances on sales. The findings of this research have a number of implications for the management and operation of online food ordering and delivery platforms.
Modeling traceability in food supply chain
Authors: Dash Aishwarya , Sarmah S.P. , Tiwari Manoj Kumar , Jena Sarat Kumar
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Currently, digital technology has been proposed as a new archetype for developing an effective traceability system in the perishable food supply chain (FSC). Implementation of such a system needs significant investment and the burden lies with the members of the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact on the profit of the supply chain members due to the implementation of an effective traceability system with such a large investment. The study also tries to explore the impact of the implementation of such a system by coordination among the members through a cost-sharing mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-level supply chain that comprises a supplier and retailer is analyzed using a game-theoretic approach. The mathematical models are developed considering the scenario for an individual, centralized and both members invest using a cost-sharing mechanism. For each of the models, the impact of product selling price, information sensing price and quality improvement level on profit is analyzed through numerical analysis.

Findings

The study reveals that consumer involvement can be a strong motivation for the supply chain members to initiate investment in the traceability system. Further, from an investment perspective cost-sharing model is beneficial compared to the individual investment-bearing model. This mechanism can coordinate as well as benefit the FSC members. However, the model is less beneficial to the centralized model from profit and quality improvement levels.

Practical implications

Food wastage can be less from supplier and retailer perspectives. Moreover, consumers can purchase food items only after verifying their shipping conditions. Consequently the food safety scandals can be reduced remarkably.

Originality/value

Digital technology adoption in the perishable FSC is still considered emerging. The present study helps organizations to implement a traceability system in the perishable FSC through consumer involvement and a cost-sharing mechanism.
Leadership behavior and innovation performance in the UAE's telecom and ICT industries
Authors: Sandhu Maqsood Ahmad , Al Naqbi Ali
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the indirect effects of transformational leadership and transactional leadership on innovation performance through the serial mediation of climate for innovation and individual creativity.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from 139 employees working in various ICT and telecommunication industries in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Findings

The analysis results revealed positive and significant relationships between transactional leadership and the creation of a climate for innovation for individuals' creativity and innovation performance. The results also indicated employees' perceptions of a supportive climate for innovation mediation, the transformational and transactional leadership and individual’ creativity relationships.

Practical implications

This research suggests that investing in organizational climate improvement provides a dynamic platform for creativity and innovation in the workplace.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to investigate the relationships in ICT and telecommunication organizations in a developing country, the UAE. The study includes associations between transformational and transactional leaderships and employees' sense of creativity and innovation performance and the impact of employees' perceptions of a supportive climate for innovation.
On the challenges of inter-organisational data in real estate: the role of knowledge sharing
Authors: Wiesweg Niklas , Schäpers Philipp , Bernhold Torben , Hartmann Timo
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To take full advantage of new technologies (e.g. machine learning), a consistent and more comprehensive knowledge sharing across organisational boundaries is required. The real estate industry often faces this challenge as well. The paper aims to approach this circumstance by analysing the real estate supply chain (RESC) and aims to identify ways to achieve a more disruption-free flow of information.

Design/methodology/approach

To answer the research question, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a standardised online questionnaire and structural equation modelling. The majority of the study participants came from German-speaking countries. The structural equation model was used to examine the relationships between the factors inter-organisational relationship, knowledge sharing skills and knowledge sharing.

Findings

The authors found that inter-organisational relationship has a significant influence on knowledge sharing and thus on the occurrence of information flow disruptions. Aligning shared goals of parties plays a major role to improve inter-organisational relationship. Control and supervision does not show any significant effect. Knowledge sharing skills in turn have an influence on knowledge sharing.

Practical implications

The alignment of interests and the creation of trust should be established in the future as core elements within the framework of contract negotiations, the lived contract and the contract itself, in order to reduce disruptions in the flow of information.

Originality/value

From the perspective of knowledge sharing, this study attempts to identify necessities within the framework of contractual design options that simplify and promote the inter-organisational use of algorithms to increase transactional efficiency.
Male executives' experiences of mentoring Black African women in South Africa
Authors: Scheepers Caren Brenda , Mahlangu Rebone
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study explored the motives, relationship dynamics and outcomes of male executives in mentoring Black African women within the context of South Africa. The authors investigated the experiences of White, Black African, coloured, and Indian male mentors conducting cross-gender and cross-race mentoring in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative study was conducted with 21 male executives within South Africa's male-dominated financial services industry. Data were collected via semi-structured, one-on-one virtual video interviews. The study endeavoured to deeper understand the mentors' experiences during their interactions with the intersecting marginalised identities of Black African women as protégés.

Findings

The authors found that the mentoring relationship is central to mentoring Black African women. This relationship is often influenced by the mentors' parental approach to mentoring, with resultant negative consequences, including the protégé not taking accountability for driving the relationship. Mentors' stereotypical expectations of women as homemakers and carers also influenced mentoring experiences. Mentors' motives included growing next generation leaders, which led to mentors' job satisfaction.

Originality/value

This study contributes an account of male executives' motivations for mentoring Black African women, the relationship dynamics as well as negative mentoring experiences, and the mentoring outcomes for protégés and mentors. Intersectionality theory was used to highlight the mentors' lack of insight into the intersecting marginalised identities of Black African women in the unique South African context, where inequalities in terms of class, race, and gender are amplified.
Trends in entrepreneurship education: a systematic literature review
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Salman , Batool Fatima , Mahmood Arshad
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This systematic literature review provides an overview of the entrepreneurship education research, by outlining the recent trends of research on entrepreneurship education. This research study has two primary goals. First one is the identification and categorization of the entrepreneurship education in scientific research by providing sequential distribution of published articles, and the research output of scientific journals, authors, and different countries. Another goal is to recognize the themes of research that are most developed and examined by the researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

This research systematically examines published scientific documents on entrepreneurship education taken from Scopus database ranging from 1950 to 2021. A total of 1,531 articles were selected for final analysis after a systematic process of elimination based on specific criteria. VOSviewer was used for bibliographic coupling, keyword co-occurrence, distance based mapping, clustering, and co-citation analysis of articles, countries, journals, and authors.

Findings

The systematic literature review revealed that in the last 15 years, scientific literature has shown a variation in direction of research in this area. The literature has moved from focusing on traditional means of entrepreneurship education towards more subtle and output-oriented factors of entrepreneurship education such as intentions, motivation, attitude, and behavior. The most popular topic among researchers and with the greater number of published papers is entrepreneurial intentions, and it is closely related to practice, innovation, and entrepreneurial learning.

Originality/value

This is one of the few systematic literature reviews on entrepreneurship education, and perhaps the only systematic review that analyzes literature on entrepreneurship education from 1950 to 2021 with VOSviewer analysis techniques.
Quality 4.0: big data analytics to explore service quality attributes and their relation to user sentiment in Airbnb reviews
Authors: Amat-Lefort Natalia , Barravecchia Federico , Mastrogiacomo Luca
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Quality 4.0 is a new paradigm of quality management, which emphasises the need to adapt to recent technological innovations by updating traditional quality approaches. Amongst the most important factors for adopting Quality 4.0 is the leveraging of big data to collect insights and quality perceptions from clients. Therefore, user reviews have emerged as a valuable source of information, which can be analysed through machine learning procedures to uncover latent quality dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a combination of text mining techniques to analyse Airbnb reviews, identifying service quality attributes and assessing their relation to the users' sentiment. More than two million reviews written by guests in four European cities are analysed. First, topic modelling is applied to find the quality attributes mentioned by reviewers. Then, sentiment analysis is used to assess the positiveness/negativeness of the users' feedback.

Findings

A total of 37 quality attributes are identified. Four of them show a significant positive relation to the guest's sentiment: apartment views, host tips and advice, location and host friendliness. On the other hand, the following attributes are negatively correlated with user sentiment: sleep disturbance, website responsiveness, thermal management and hygiene issues.

Originality/value

This paper provides a practical example of how Quality 4.0 can be implemented, proposing a data-driven methodology to extract service quality attributes from user-generated content. Additionally, several attributes that had not appeared in existing Airbnb studies are identified, which can serve as a reference to extend previous quality assessment scales.