bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urinary Biomarkers NGAL and Beta-2 Microglobulin for Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sachan Nimisha , Dabas Aashima , Mantan Mukta , Dabla Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and beta-2 microglobulin(β2M) have been evaluated as markers of tubular damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is limited data on their performance to screen nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Methods: This case-control study enrolled 40 children with T1DM and 40 age-matched controls age 2-18 years. Subjects with coexisting renal disorder and syndromic diabetes mellitus were excluded. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and renal function were measured. Urinary levels of urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) were measured for an associated with disease duration, glycemic control and microalbuminuria. Correlation (r) was measured for statistical association between biochemical markers and area-under-curve (AUC) calculated to predict nephropathy.
Results: The median (IQR) age of cases and controls was 10.6(8,14.2) and 10.7 (8.4,13.7) years, respectively, disease duration 4 (3,6.8) years and HbA1c 10.9(9.,13.1)% in cases. Microalbuminuria was seen in 14(35%) but none had macroalbuminuria.The urinary ACR and NGAL were significantly higher in cases than controls [19.38 (10.27,35.26) and 6.49 (3.10,11.65) µg/mg; p<0.001] and [352.21(191.49,572.45) and 190.54 (125.91,322.83) ng/mg; p=0.006], respectively, unlike β2M [1.7 (0.43,6.02) and 2.12 (1.05,4.47) µg/mg; p=0.637]. Children with higher HbA1C (>10%) had higher urinary ACR, NGAL and β2M levels than those with HbA1C<10%. Urinary ACR showed positive correlation with NGAL/creatinine (r= 0.38, p value=0.019) and β2M/ creatinine (r=0.48, p value= 0.004) in cases. The AUC was 0.57 (95% CI 0.36,0.78); p value= 0.48 for NGAL/creatinine, and 0.62 (95%CI 0.43,0.81); p value=0.21 for β2M /creatinine to predict microalbuminuria (ACR >30mg/g).
Conclusion: Urinary biomarkers NGAL and β2M showed a good correlation with ACR suggesting their role in screening of diabetic tubulopathy before overt glomerular damage in T1DM.
Tumor-targeting hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for remodeling tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by activating mitoDNA- pyroptosis pathway in cancer
Authors: Yang Yuxuan , Yang Jia , Zhu Nan , Qiu Haosen , Feng Wenxiang , Chen Ying , Chen Xinhua , Chen Yuehong , Zheng Wenbo , Liang Min , Lin Tian , Yu Jiang , Guo Zhaoze
Published: October 2023

In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating solid tumors, although its efficacy remains limited to a subset of patients. Transforming non-responsive "cold" tumor types into immuno-responsive "hot" ones is critical to enhance the efficacy of immune-based cancer treatments. Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, not only effectively eliminates tumor cells but also triggers a potent inflammatory response to initiate anti-tumor immune activities. This sheds light on the potential of pyroptosis to sensitize tumors to immune therapy. Hence, it is urgent to explore and develop novel treatments (e.g., nanomedicines) which are capable of inducing pyroptosis. In this study, we constructed tumor-targeting nanoparticles (CS-HAP@ATO NPs) by loading atorvastatin (ATO) onto chondroitin sulfate (CS) modified hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles (CS-HAP). CS was strategically employed to target tumor cells, while HAP exhibited the capacity to release calcium ions (Ca2+) in response to the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, ATO disrupted the mitochondrial function was disrupted, leading to intracellular energy depletion and consequential changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability, following by the influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm and mitochondria. CS and HAP synergetically augmented mitochondrial calcium overload, inciting the production of substantial amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent liberation of mitochondrial DNA (mitoDNA). This intricate activation process promoted the assembly of inflammasomes, most notably the NLRP3 inflammasome, followed by triggering caspase-1 activation. The activated caspase-1 was able to induce gasderminD (GSDMD) protein cleavage and present the GSDM-N domain, which interacted with membrane phospholipids on the cell membrane. Then, the cell membrane permeability was raised, cellular swelling was observed, and abundant cell contents and inflammatory mediators were released. Ultimately, this orchestrated sequence of events served to enhance the anti-tumor immunoresponse within the organism.
IoT Integration in Telemedicine: Investigating the Role of Internet of Things Devices in Facilitating Remote Patient Monitoring and Data Transmission
Authors: Auwal Aminu Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with telemedicine has ushered in a groundbreaking era for healthcare, allowing for remote monitoring and data transmission of patients. This research paper aims to explore the complex relationship between IoT devices and telemedicine, examining their combined potential to improve patient care and transform healthcare workflows.
Method:
To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of IoT-powered telemedicine, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences and perspectives of both healthcare practitioners and patients. Using in-depth interviews and content analysis, we examined the integration of IoT devices, such as wearables and remote sensors, into telemedicine platforms. This allowed us to uncover real-time health data collection and transmission from patients' homes to medical professionals.
Result:
This study's analysis of the benefits, challenges, and user satisfaction indicates that IoT-powered remote patient monitoring significantly enhances patient care by facilitating timely interventions and reducing hospital admissions, ultimately leading to improved healthcare outcomes and highlighting the effectiveness of IoT-powered remote patient monitoring in relation to healthcare outcomes.
Furthermore, we analyze the complex technical factors that influence the effective deployment of IoT devices in telehealth settings. The integration of telemedicine with IoT technology is a complex process that requires careful consideration of several factors, including data security, interoperability, and data analytics. These factors play a crucial role in ensuring the effective and secure exchange of health information between different systems. The insights gained from this research can help to inform the development of best practices for telemedicine, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. The findings also have implications for healthcare providers, technology developers, and policymakers who seek to leverage IoT-integrated telehealth solutions in their work.
Rodents consuming the same toxic diet harbor a unique taxonomic and functional core microbiome
Authors: Stapleton Tess E. , Lindsey LeAnn M. , Sundar Hari , Dearing M. Denise
Published: October 2023

Gut microbiota are intrinsic to an herbivorous lifestyle, but very little is known about how plant secondary compounds (PSCs), which are often toxic, influence these symbiotic partners. Using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we investigated the possibility of a unique taxonomic and functional core microbiome in populations of two species of woodrats (Neotoma lepida and bryanti) that have independently converged to feed on the same toxic diet (creosote bush; Larrea tridentata). In each gut region (foregut, cecum, and hindgut) sampled, we found a distinct taxonomic core set of microbes in the populations feeding on creosote that were not designated as core members in noncreosote-feeding populations. The core members in creosote feeders were significantly enriched and occurred more frequently than predicted by chance, suggesting that they may benefit the host. Some of the functions identified within the functional core include the metabolism of aromatic rings and thus may be involved in the degradation of PSCs. Overall, our results characterize the functional profiles of the gut microbiota in a wild herbivore and identify key taxa that may aid herbivores in subsisting on their toxic diet.
„MAchen wir jetzt wieder eine ABstimmung” – Gesprächsanalytische Beobachtungen und (deutsch)didaktische Folgerungen zur Entscheidungsfindung im Klassenrat
Authors: Fischer Maike , Hauser Stefan , Kreuz Judith , Müller Lee Ann
Published: October 2023

Klassenräte haben sich vielerorts als wichtiges Partizipationsformat für Schüler*innen zu einem regulären Bestandteil des Schulunterrichts etabliert. Sie haben zum Ziel, sowohl deliberative Fähigkeiten bezüglich Entscheidungsprozessen sowie sprachliche und soziale Kompetenzen der Schüler*innen zu fördern. Dieser Beitrag untersucht unter einem gesprächsanalytischen Gesichtspunkt interaktionale Verfahrensweisen der gemeinsamen Konsensfindung in der Klassenratsinteraktion. Dabei steht die Gesprächsleitung als wichtige Instanz im Fokus der Untersuchung: Sie übernimmt allgemeine gesprächsorganisatorische Funktionen, die im regulären Unterrichtsgeschehen typischerweise von der Lehrperson wahrgenommen werden; hinzu kommen weitere, spezifische Aufgaben, die im Kontext des Klassenrats für die Organisation der Entscheidungs- und Abstimmungsprozesse maßgebend sind. Inwieweit Lehrpersonen diese Moderationstätigkeiten aktiv unterstützen können, wird abschließend durch didaktische Implikationen und Handlungsoptionen aufgezeigt.
COMPLICATIONS AFTER PENIS ENHANCEMENT WITH HYALURONIC ACID: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Lytvak Olena , Shaprynskyi Vasyl , Markova Marianna , Zasieda Yuriy
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The penis is a symbol of the primal sense of male fertility and sexual activity, which affects the sense of male personality and the ability to satisfy a partner. Some patients experience discomfort, even if their penis is within the normal size range from an anatomical point of view. The reason for the spread of penis enlargement procedures is related to the feeling of masculinity that the appearance of the genitals can give a man, as well as a changed perception of his body. Penis enlargement procedures are becoming more and more common among men who seek to achieve a more desirable aesthetic of their male organ. In addition, penis enlargement methods remain a controversial issue, as they do not have clear indications and can cause complications.
Materials and methods. This study reviewed the literature on complications after penile enhancement with hyaluronic acid (HA). To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic search for scientific medical information in English-language databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), and HMIC (Health Management Information Consortium). We analyzed all articles that met the specified search parameters. In addition, we manually searched for relevant references in the found texts.
Results. The use of HA injections for penis enlargement in men shows a low rate of complications both in the early- and long-term period after the procedure. In a small percentage of patients, early and expected side effects included swelling, bruising, subcutaneous nodules, and infections. In this work, radical ways of their correction are proposed for all types of complications, which makes the use of HA safe and effective for penis enlargement.
Conclusions. Nowadays, there is a lack of high-level evidence-based information on complications after HA injections. Due to the growing demand for these procedures, the issue of their safety is relevant. According to the available statistics, the overall incidence of complications after HA injections is spontaneous without further side effects. If complications are detected, the prognosis after treatment is satisfactory. As a result, there are no standardized surgical protocols and recommendations for penile enhancement with hyaluronic acid in the world.
Determinants of consumer adoption of Islamic mobile banking services in Indonesia
Authors: Rizqi Febriandika Nur , Harun  , Hakimi Fifi , Masrizal
Published: October 2023

Islamic banking must concentrate on customer service and loyalty to be competitive because the financial sector delivers almost identical goods and services. Mobile banking is one of the most recent advances in the financial sector and can be advantageous to bank customers and banking institutions. This study aims to explore the elements that affect Islamic bank customers’ propensity to adopt Islamic mobile banking services. Internet connection quality, bank reputation, and awareness are included as new factors to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theoretical framework used in this study to evaluate the relevant issue. The online survey was administered through a questionnaire, yielding 265 responses obtained from Islamic Mobile Banking users in Indonesia. The PLS-SEM method was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that perceived utility, internet connection quality, consumer awareness, and bank reputation had a substantial beneficial effect on customer inclinations to utilize Islamic vehicle banking services. However, perceived usability does not have a significant favorable effect. Understanding these characteristics would enable participants in the Islamic finance industry to design and plan relevant strategies to promote financial services to present and prospective users.
AcknowledgmentThe author would like to acknowledge the Research and Innovation Institute (LRI), Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, for providing significant financial assistance in writing this research through the HIT funding scheme with number 01/A.6-II/FAI/1/2022.
Chorizo sausage with shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) as a fat substitute: quality evaluation
Authors: Rincón Soledad Edicson Mauricio , Arredondo Nontién Mónica Alejandra , Castro Jose Wilson , Barrios Dursun , Vásquez Mejía Sandra Milena
Published: October 2023

Traditional meat products are made with large amounts of saturated fat and binders such as starch, which increase calories and move away from current consumer trends that seek low-fat products with natural ingredients. Shiitake mushroom has beneficial health properties and it can be used as a fat substitute in processed meat products. We aimed to identify the effects of incorporating shiitake powder into chorizo sausages as a fat substitute.

Shiitake powder was characterized and five formulations of chorizo sausage were developed: control and four experimental samples with 30, 40, 50 and 100% fat substitution (the latter included 50% of shiitake powder and 50% of olive oil).

The experimental sausage showed a greater moisture, lower lipid content, and less cooking loss. The samples with shiitake powder were darker and less red than the control. Texture parameters were not affected by substituting 40% of fat with shiitake powder. The treatment with 40% fat substitution had a greater insoluble fiber content and a lower aerobic mesophile count (CFU/g) than the control. No significant differences were found in the fatty acids profile. The samples with shiitake powder had a moderate level of sensory acceptance which might be associated with the consumers’ lack of familiarity with shiitake.

Consumers may accept comminuted sausages in which a maximum of 40% of fat is substituted with shiitake powder. Such products have an adequate nutritional composition, as well as acceptable physicochemical, technological, and microbiological properties.
Analysis of ERP Critical Failure Factors: A Case Study in an Indonesian Mining Company
Authors: Larasati Shinta Dewi , Eitiveni Imairi , Mahardhika Pramudya
Published: October 2023

ERP is a useful application for companies to run day-to-day operations by automating business processes, but the complexity and difficulty of deploying ERP systems causes unanticipated implementation failures. Around 70% of ERP implementation fails to produce expected benefits, and three quarters of these projects fail. This study aims to uncover potential reasons that cause the failure of ERP system adoption using Company XYZ, a mining company as the case. A questionnaire was distributed to its management and employees. TOPSIS approach was used to rank the variables according to their significance in affecting failure of ERP systems implementation. The findings revealed that the two most important critical failure causes for ERP implementation are bad understanding of organization’s business processes and poor business process reengineering. The company needs to conduct a deeper analysis of the existing business processes in the business unit to be able to determine more appropriate business process reengineering for ERP implementation in the future. Companies and academics can utilize the study's findings as a helpful resource to identify the cause of ERP implementations failure
Vulnerability assessment of water supply infrastructures through multiple indicator methodology
Authors: Borzì Iolanda
Published: October 2023

Water supply infrastructures are essential to ensure the well-being of communities and to support social and economic growth and must be protected from damage in the context of future threats related to the environmental consequences of climate change. Those consequences include natural disasters, i.e., landslides, which can cause destruction of water infrastructure, causing distress for water users, cascading effects to other critical infrastructures and environmental impacts. Vulnerability analyses represent a key point in international risk management programs for protecting critical infrastructure, especially in the context of climate change. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to evaluate crucial water supply infrastructure vulnerabilities based on multiple indicators. A learning-from-experience approach is applied to establish specific indicators for vulnerability assessment. Eight different indicators are identified, divided into four categories, regarding land characteristics, service inefficiencies for users due to infrastructure failure, pipeline route characteristics, and physical characteristics of the aqueduct pipe. Along with the indicators, a graphical representation is proposed using the Kiviat chart, producing a vulnerability chart that represents a useful tool to identify the main vulnerability factors in existing water supply infrastructure, in the management of interventions, in the planning and design processes of new infrastructure, and for comparing different design solutions.
An Overview of the Pharmacological Properties of Calebin-A
Authors: Shamsnia Hedieh , Samanian Amirreza , Sabbagh Kashani Ayeh , Khayatan Danial , Momtaz Saeideh , Johnston Thomas P. , Majeed Muhammed , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: October 2023

The natural polyphenol, calebin-A, was recently discovered and identified as
a novel phytopharmaceutical with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antiproliferative
properties. Calebin-A occurs naturally in trace quantities in Curcuma longa/C cassia,
commonly known as turmeric, from the Zingiberaceae family. Calebin-A is a curcumin
analog or 'chemical cousin' of curcumin with a similar chemical structure. Although few
research studies have been conducted on the pharmacological and therapeutic properties
of calebin-A, it is a very promising molecule with a variety of pharmacological properties. Some studies have suggested that calebin-A is helpful in treating various cancers
due to its inhibitory effect on cell growth and anti-inflammatory properties. Other
studies have suggested that calebin-A may improve neurocognitive status associated
with neurodegeneration caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by inhibiting the aggregation of β-amyloid. Finally, several studies have proposed that calebin-A may potentially
be therapeutically beneficial in treating patients with obesity. This novel compound
downregulates nuclear factor (NF)-κB-mediated processes involved with cancer, such as
tumor cell invasion, proliferation, metastasis, and, most profoundly, inflammation. Moreover, calebin-A influences the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)
in cancer cells. The present review identifies and discusses the pharmacological and phytochemical properties of calebin-A, as well as its therapeutic benefits and limitations, for
future scientists and clinicians interested in exploring calebin-A’s medicinal qualities.
Biochemistry, Mechanistic Intricacies, and Therapeutic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides: An Alternative to Traditional Antibiotics
Authors: Dwivedi Manish , Parmar Meet Dineshbhai , Mukherjee Debalina , Yadava Anuradha , Yadav Hitendra , Saini Nandini Pankaj
Published: October 2023

:

The emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens becomes a major obstacle
to treating human diseases. Antibiotics and antivirals are in the application for a long
time but now these drugs are not much effective anymore against disease-causing drugresistant
microbes and gradually it is becoming a serious complication worldwide. The
development of new antibiotics cannot be a stable solution to treat drug-resistant strains
due to their evolving nature and escaping antibiotics. At this stage, antimicrobial peptides
(AMPs) may provide us with novel therapeutic leads against drug-resistant pathogens.
Structurally, antimicrobial peptides are mostly α-helical peptide molecules with
amphiphilic properties that carry the positive charge (cationic) and belong to host defense
peptides. These positively charged AMPs can interact with negatively charged bacterial
cell membranes and may cause the alteration in electrochemical potential on bacterial
cell membranes and consequently lead to the death of microbial cells. In the present
study, we will elaborate on the implication of AMPs in the treatment of various diseases
along with their specific structural and functional properties. This review will provide information
which assists in the development of new synthetic peptide analogues to natural
AMPs. These analogues will eliminate the limitations of natural AMPs like toxicity
and severe hemolytic activities.
Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms of Carbon Tetrachloride-
Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Brief Systematic Review
Authors: Fareed Muhammad Mazhar , Khalid Hina , Khalid Sana , Shityakov Sergey
Published: October 2023

The liver plays a critical role in metabolic processes, making it vulnerable to
injury. Researchers often study carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in
model organisms because it closely resembles human liver damage. This toxicity
occurs due to the activation of various cytochromes, including CYP2E1, CYP2B1,
CYP2B2, and possibly CYP3A, which produce the trichloromethyl radical (CCl3*).
CCl3* can attach to biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids,
impairing lipid metabolism and leading to fatty degeneration. It can also combine with
DNA to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. When exposed to oxygen, CCl3* generates
more reactive CCl3OO*, which leads to lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. At
the molecular level, CCl4 induces the release of several inflammatory cytokines,
including TNF-α and NO, which can either help or harm hepatotoxicity through cellular
apoptosis. TGF-β contributes to fibrogenesis, while IL-6 and IL-10 aid in recovery by
minimizing anti-apoptotic activity and directing cells toward regeneration. To prevent
liver damage, different interventions can be employed, such as antioxidants, mitogenic
agents, and the maintenance of calcium sequestration. Drugs that prevent CCl4-
induced cytotoxicity and proliferation or enhance CYP450 activity may offer a
protective response against hepatic carcinoma.
Isatin Derivatives: A Frontier in Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Shaik Shareef , Chaudhary Manish , Kaur Charanjit , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Gurvinder
Published: October 2023

Microbial infection is one of the major concerns for human health in the modern era.
Condition is further worsening due to the development of resistance by the microbe against the
available drugs. This problem can be overcome by synthesizing novel antimicrobial agents. Isatin is
a promising moiety possessing antimicrobial activity. A number of isatin derivatives are present in
the market for the treatment of microbial infection.

:

In this review, we have tried to summarize isatin derivatives as antimicrobials, including numerous
potent isatin analogs. The reported literature related to the development and application of isatin
derivatives have been collected from electronic data bases like Science Direct, Google Scholar, and
PubMed by using key words like “design, synthesis and evaluation”, “isatin derivatives,” and “indoldione
analogues” and related combinations. It was identified that isatin derivatives play an essential
role in drug discovery and development. In recent years, isatin and its derivatives have shown promising
antibacterial and antiviral properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the current
research on isatin potential applications. Studies have shown that isatin derivatives can effectively
fight against various types of microorganisms, such as gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
They also exhibit lower toxicity and better efficacy than standard antimicrobial agents. Moreover,
isatin-based products have the potential to address the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance. The
current work attempts to review such innovations, which may lead to the creation of novel therapeutic
agents. More research is required to confirm their safety and effectiveness in clinical practice.
Educational Model and Prevention on Prediabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amelia Rina , Harahap Juliandi , Zulham  , Fujiati Isti Ilmiati , Wijaya Hendri
Published: October 2023

Background:

Prediabetes is a reversible condition before the onset of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus. Untreated condition of prediabetes will develop into diabetes and its complications.
The prevalence of prediabetes has been emerging worldwide and has a considerable socioeconomic
impact. The current study reviews the roles of early detection, educational models, life
modification, and prophylaxis of individuals with prediabetes in preventing the progression of
prediabetes into Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and complications in the future.

Methods:

This study included published articles from several electronic databases. The obtained
articles were limited to March 2023. Articles that were not open access and not in Indonesian or
English were excluded. The protocol for this study used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020.

Results:

Of 39627 articles, 39601 were excluded due to duplication and did not meet the eligibility
criteria. At the final, there were 26 articles that were eligible for systematic review.

Conclusion:

Prevention of the development of prediabetes into diabetes is essential. A comprehensive
understanding and training on intensive lifestyle modification protocols from local and
national experts in diabetes prevention through digital-based education models and linguistically
and culturally approach can be considered. Intensive lifestyle modification and pharmacological
approaches may improve the outcome. Regular monitoring of glycemic control is also important
for early diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with special conditions.
Eugenia pyriformis Cambess-Myrtaceae: An Unexplored Brazilian Species
with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: de Oliveira Raphaelli Chirle , Camargo Taiane Mota , Radünz Marjana , dos Santos Pereira Elisa , da Rocha Concenço Fernanda Izabel Garcia , Vizzotto Márcia , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Nora Leonardo
Published: October 2023

Background:

Eugenia pyriformis produces a round fruit with a sweet and aromatic flavor
known as uvaia and contains a range of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential for
industrialization.

Objective:

This literature review addresses the nutritional composition, chemical and biological activities
of uvaia (seeds and leaves), in addition to listing important factors for the post-harvest and
industrialization of uvaia.

Results:

A wide range of studies describe the chemical and nutritional composition of fruits and
seeds. Among these studies, one considers the residue after processing the fruit and two evaluate
leaves. The pulp and peel have a high content of carbohydrates, fibers and sugars with low caloric
value and high content of vitamin C. Fruits contain phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids and the
leaves have flavonoids, volatile compounds and tannins. Fruit can be eaten fresh; however, because
it is highly perishable and difficult to handle postharvest, industrialization seems to be an interesting
alternative to prolong shelf life.

Conclusion:

E. pyriformis fruits have excellent attributes for consumer health, but industrialization
may be necessary to extend their shelf life. Fruits and leaves have a high antioxidant capacity
and antimicrobial potential against bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Essential oils from leaves and
trunks have antiproliferative, antileishmanial and anti-inflammatory potential. Mainly fruits and
leaves have the potential for use in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
The Length of Xiphoid to Fundus as a Measure of Labor Progress: A
Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rashidi Fakari Farzaneh , Simbar Masoumeh , Torkian Demneh Hamideh , Rashidi Fakari Fahimeh , Kiani Zahra , Ebadi Abbas
Published: October 2023

Background:

Vaginal examination is widely recognized as the most common method
for monitoring labor progress. However, researchers are currently exploring alternative methods,
which are potentially less invasive or aggressive, to assess labor progress.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the correlation between the length of the xiphoid to the fundus
and the cervical dilation in the active phase of labor.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 pregnant women in Varamin, Iran.
The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-
made questionnaire that included specific items regarding demographic characteristics,
health status, and a checklist to record the results of examinations and labor progress. The collected
data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple linear regression
with SPSS 22 software. The significance level was considered to be p < 0.05.

Results:

A total of 174 eligible women participated in the study, with a mean age of 25.90 ± 4.56
years (mean±SD) and a mean gestational age of 39.71 ± 1.03 weeks. There was a significant negative
correlation between the length of the xiphoid to the fundus and cervical dilatation (p =
0.0001, r = -0.568).

Conclusions:

The study revealed a significant negative correlation between the length of the
xiphoid to the fundus and the cervical dilation. Therefore, the xiphoid to fundus measurement can
serve as an alternative and complementary examination in cases that need frequent vaginal examinations.
WITHDRAWN: Ectopic Kidney as a Clinical Manifestation of Type II
MRKH Syndrome Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Meutia Alfa Putri , Kouwagam Anggrainy Dwifitriana , Moegni Fernandi , Djusad Suskhan , Hakim Surahman , Priyatini Tyas , Hidayah Gita Nurul , Santoso Budi Iman
Published: October 2023

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the author.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php.

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
In-silico Investigations for the Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting Hepatitis C Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Mallya Shailaja , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R.S.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Hepatitis C is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by the hepatitis
C virus, exhibiting acute and chronic manifestations with severity ranging from mild to severe
and lifelong illnesses leading to liver cirrhosis and cancer. According to the World Health Organization’s
global estimates, a population of about 58 million have chronic hepatitis C virus infection,
with around 1.5 million new infections occurring every year.

Objective:

The present study aimed to identify novel molecules targeting the Hepatitis C viral RNA
Dependent RNA polymerases, which play a crucial role in genome replication, mRNA synthesis,
etc.

Methods:

Structure-based virtual screening of chemical libraries of small molecules was done using
AutoDock/Vina. The top-ranking pose for every ligand was complexed with the protein and
used for further protein-ligand interaction analysis using the Protein-ligand interaction Profiler.
Molecules from virtual screening were further assessed using the pkCSM web server. The proteinligand
interactions were further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation studies to establish
dynamic stability.

Results:

Molecular docking-based virtual screening of the database of small molecules, followed
by screening based on pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters, yielded eight probable RNA Dependent
RNA polymerase inhibitors. The docking scores for the proposed candidates ranged from -
8.04 to -9.10 kcal/mol. The potential stability of the ligands bound to the target protein was demonstrated
by molecular dynamics simulation studies.

Conclusion:

Data from exhaustive computational studies proposed eight molecules as potential
anti-viral candidates, targeting Hepatitis C viral RNA Dependent RNA polymerases, which can be
further evaluated for their biological potential.
Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Neurotransmitters in
Rotenone-induced Parkinson’s Disease in Rats: Role of Naringin from
Citrus aurantium via Blocking Adenosine A2A Receptor
Authors: Ahmed Yomna Rashad , Aboul Naser Asmaa Fathy , Elbatanony Marwa Mahmoud , El-Feky Amal Mohamed , Khalil Wagdy Khalil Bassaly , Hamed Manal Abdel-Aziz
Published: October 2023

Background::

Lack of control in voluntary movements, resting tremor, postural instability,
and stiffness are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective::

The current work's objective is to assess naringin isolated from Citrus aurantium L.
peels as an anti-parkinsonism agent in rats.

Methods::

The HPLC and LC-ESI-MS analysis of Citrus aurantium L. peels methanol extract was
done. The behavioral, biochemical, genetic, and histopathological analysis were evaluated in parkinsonism
rats.

Results::

Fourteen phenolics and nine flavonoids were found in the extract, according to the
HPLC analysis, while LC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of twenty-six flavonoids. The
dominant flavonoid subclasses were 4 aglycones, 11 monoglycosides, 5 diglycosides, and 6
polymethoxy flavonoids, beside 4 coumarines, 4 alkaloids and a limonin triterpene. Adenosine
A2A receptor (A2AR) gene expression, malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), caspase-3
(Cas-3) and DNA fragmentation levels significantly increased in rotenone-treated rats. Dopamine
(DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), reduced glutathione (GSH), succinate, and lactate
dehydrogenase (SDH &LDH) levels all significantly decreased. Treatment with naringin and
A2AR antagonists enhanced the animals’ behavior and improved all the selected parameters. The
brain hippocampal features confirmed our results.

Conclusion::

Naringin could be considered a nutraceutical agent by attenuating the neurodegeneration
associated with PD via blocking adenosine A2AR.
In-silico Investigation of Ginseng Phytoconstituents as Novel Therapeutics
Against MAO-A
Authors: Choudhary Diksha , Kaur Rajwinder , Rani Nidhi , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Kumar Bhupinder
Published: October 2023

Background:

Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a herb of medicinal and nutritional importance.
Ginseng has been used since ancient times for the treatment of numerous ailments as it
has many therapeutic properties. Several phytoconstituents are present in Panax ginseng that possess
a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties.

Objective:

To explore the potential of phytoconstituents of Panax ginseng in the treatment of depression,
a molecular modeling technique was utilized targeting monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A).

Methods:

A total of sixty-one phytoconstituents of ginseng were drawn with the help of ChemBioDraw
Ultra 12.0 software and PDBs for MAO-A enzyme were retrieved from the RCSB PDB
database. The prepared ligands were screened for MAO-A properties using the software Molegro
Virtual Docker (MVD 2010.4.1.0). All the prepared ligands were evaluated for drug-likeliness
properties using Swiss ADME.

Result:

Among the docking studies of 60 Ginseng phytochemicals including one standard, 15
phytoconstituents with the highest dock score and better binding interactions were selected further
for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies. Stachyose (-227.287, 17
interactions), Raffinose (-222.157, 14 interactions), and Ginsenoside Rg1 (-216.593, 10 interactions)
were found to possess better interactions as compared to Clorgyline taken as a standard
drug.

Conclusion:

Stachyose was found to be the most potent inhibitor of MAO-A enzyme under investigation
and can be a potential lead molecule for the development of newer phytochemical-based
treatment of depression.
New Toxicological Endpoints of Pesticides: Perspectives on Metabolomics
Authors: Dong Bizhang
Published: October 2023

Food safety has received increasing attention, and pesticide contamination is one of the
primary issues. Many toxicological endpoints have been established to evaluate the hazards of pesticides.
However, the sensitivity of toxic endpoints is dominated by analytical methods. The risks of
pesticides may be underestimated when using insensitive analytical methods to establish the toxicological
endpoints. Therefore, it is necessary to find highly sensitive analytical approaches to develop
a toxicological endpoint. Recently, metabolomics has been widely applied for investigating the toxicological
mechanism of environmental pollutants in animals and plants with higher sensitivity. However,
metabolomics has not been utilized to establish toxicological endpoints. Herein, the potential of
metabolomics for toxicological endpoint establishment is briefly discussed.
Progress of Cancer Stem Cells in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Wang Nan , Ma Jian-Min
Published: October 2023

The theory of cancer stem cells is a breakthrough discovery that offers exciting possibilities for comprehending the biological behavior of tumors. More and more evidence suggests that
retinoblastoma cancer stem cells promote tumor growth and are likely to be the origin of tumor
formation, drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. At present, some progress has been made
in the verification, biological behavior, and drug resistance mechanism of retinoblastoma cancer
stem cells. This article aims to review the relevant research and explore future development direction.
Role of Polyphenols, their Nano-formulations, and Biomaterials in Diabetic
Wound Healing
Authors: Emad Nasr A. , Zai Iqra , Ahmad Saeem , Pandit Jayamenti , Khan Mohd Ashif , Sultana Yasmin
Published: October 2023

A diabetic wound is one of the major complications arising from hyperglycemia,
neuropathy, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Finding effective treatments for diabetic
wounds has been difficult owing to the complex pathophysiology of diabetic wound environments.
Chronic wounds are notoriously difficult to treat with conventional wound care methods.
In recent years, polyphenols found in plants have received much interest as a potential treatment
for diabetic wounds. Their key benefits are their safety and the fact that they act through many
molecular routes to treat diabetic wounds. However, problems with their formulation development,
including lipophilicity, light sensitivity, limited membrane permeability, rapid systemic
elimination, and enzymatic degradation, prevented them from gaining clinical attention. This
article highlights and discusses the mechanism of polyphenols and various polyphenol-based
drug delivery systems used till now to treat diabetic wounds. The consideration that should be
taken in polyphenols-based nano-formulations and their prospect for diabetic wounds are also
discussed briefly.
An Overview of Flexible Jointed Robots
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Li Yuheng , Yang Xiaodong , Liu Xianli
Published: October 2023

Background:

Since the first industrial robots were created in the middle of the last century, robotics has shown strong growth prospects. Robotics has developed rapidly over time and is
being used in more and more areas. Because of the need to minimize impact forces during robot
movement, traditional rigid robots are no longer sufficient, flexible joints are more adaptable to
the environment due to their adjustable stiffness and have higher application value in humancomputer interaction. Therefore, flexible jointed robots have become one of the research hotspots
in recent years.

Objective:

Through a detailed analysis of the existing hardware and software control technologies
of flexible joint robots, referring to papers and recent patents on flexible jointed robots, we aim to
find ways to reduce the impact of flexible joint deformation of flexible joint robots and improve
the overall force and position control accuracy of flexible joint robots.

Methods:

To categorize the hardware and software technologies of flexible jointed robots, to
briefly explain the directions of the technologies categorized and to study them, to summarize the
advantages and disadvantages of each type of technology respectively, and to outlook the future
development trend.

Results:

Through the study and analysis of the various parts of the flexible joint robot, it can be
seen that joint flexibility is mainly achieved through the drive motor and flexible components to
achieve flexibility and then through the fusion control technology to control the deformation of
the joint. Differences in structural materials affect the mechanical properties of robot motion. The
detection and feedback accuracy of the sensor also has a significant impact on the control accuracy.

Conclusion:

The use of new motor technology, flexible component technology, material technology, and sensor technology, combined with improvements in software fusion control technology
can reduce the impact of joint deformation, improve the control accuracy of joint flexibility, and
achieve high-precision force-level control capability of flexible joint robots.
Introduction to a New Technique in Organic Synthesis: Recent Advances in Aqueous Reactions of Sparingly Soluble High-Melting Point Substrates Promoted by Granular Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Xing Linlin , Zhang Yong , Jia Taixuan , Li Chunbao
Published: October 2023

Water, a kind of abundant natural resource, is considered to be a green and desirable solvent
for reasons of its low cost, high safety and environmental friendliness. This review article aims
to briefly introduce the methodologies that have utilized water as reaction media under the aid of
granular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to mediate reactions of a series of water-insoluble and high
melting points substrates in a green, quantitative, fast, and stereoselective way in most situations.
Besides, this review will be helpful to stimulate further study on both practical applications and
mechanistic understanding of these aqueous reactions promoted by granular PTFE for the novel
synthesis of interesting structures.
Efficiency of a Lyophilizate for Dry Powder Inhalation System for Drug
Delivery of Ghrelin in Monkeys
Authors: Akita Tomomi , Miyamoto Kahori , Yamashita Chikamasa
Published: October 2023

Background:

A lyophilizate for dry powder inhalation (LDPI) system is unique in that its formulation, a lyophilized cake, is aerosolized just upon inhalation by convection flow of air. An LDPI system may be advantageous, especially for biopharmaceutics, such as proteins and peptides, because formulations can be manufactured without high temperature and shear stress. It was already reported that formulations of peptides used in an LDPI system showed high aerosoli-zation performance. However, it was not confirmed whether the LDPI system could deliver drugs efficiently enough for practical use.

Objective:

In this study, we compared the drug delivery efficiency of an LDPI system with intra-venous and subcutaneous injections.

Methods:

We administered LDPI formulations containing ghrelin as model formulations to monkeys and measured pharmacokinetic profiles.

Results:

As a result of pharmacokinetics testing in the monkeys, the bioavailability of an inhaled drug was 5-15%.

Conclusion:

It is expected that the LDPI system can deliver drugs efficiently enough for practical use even in the systemic application of bio-pharmaceutics.
Differences in Life Space Activity Patterns Between Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment Living Alone or as a Couple: Cohort Study Using Passive Activity Sensing
Authors: Muurling Marijn , Au-Yeung Wan-Tai M , Beattie Zachary , Wu Chao-Yi , Dodge Hiroko , Rodrigues Nathaniel K , Gothard Sarah , Silbert Lisa C , Barnes Lisa L , Steele Joel S , Kaye Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

Background

Measuring function with passive in-home sensors has the advantages of real-world, objective, continuous, and unobtrusive measurement. However, previous studies have focused on 1-person homes only, which limits their generalizability.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the life space activity patterns of participants living alone with those of participants living as a couple and to compare people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with cognitively normal participants in both 1- and 2-person homes.

Methods

Passive infrared motion sensors and door contact sensors were installed in 1- and 2-person homes with cognitively normal residents or residents with MCI. A home was classified as an MCI home if at least 1 person in the home had MCI. Time out of home (TOOH), independent life space activity (ILSA), and use of the living room, kitchen, bathroom, and bedroom were calculated. Data were analyzed using the following methods: (1) daily averages over 4 weeks, (2) hourly averages (time of day) over 4 weeks, or (3) longitudinal day-to-day changes.

Results

In total, 129 homes with people living alone (n=27, 20.9%, MCI and n=102, 79.1%, no-MCI homes) and 52 homes with people living as a couple (n=24, 46.2%, MCI and n=28, 53.8%, no-MCI homes) were included with a mean follow-up of 719 (SD 308) days. Using all 3 analysis methods, we found that 2-person homes showed a shorter TOOH, a longer ILSA, and shorter living room and kitchen use. In MCI homes, ILSA was higher in 2-person homes but lower in 1-person homes. The effects of MCI status on other outcomes were only found when using the hourly averages or longitudinal day-to-day changes over time, and they depended on the household type (alone vs residing as a couple).

Conclusions

This study shows that in-home behavior is different when a participant is living alone compared to when they are living as a couple, meaning that the household type should be considered when studying in-home behavior. The effects of MCI status can be detected with in-home sensors, even in 2-person homes, but data should be analyzed on an hour-to-hour basis or longitudinally.