bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rationality As A Meta-Analytical Capacity of the Human Mind: From the Social Sciences to Gödel
Authors: Bulle Nathalie
Published: July 2022

In contrast to dominant approaches to human reason involving essentially a logical and instrumental conception of rationality easily modeled by artificial intelligence mechanisms, I argue that the specific capacities of the human mind are meta-analytic in nature, understood as irreducible to the analytic or the logical, or else the computational. Firstly, the assumption of a meta-analytical level of rationality is derived from key insights developed in various branches of the social sciences. This meta-analytical level is then inferred from Gödel’s incompleteness theorem. On these bases, and with the help of psychological approaches to consciousness, I argue that human rationality may be characterized as the capacity to make meaningful use of signs.
The Limit of American Public Support for Military Intervention
Authors: Fang Songying , Oestman Jared
Published: July 2022

Under what conditions is the American public supportive of U.S. military intervention in foreign crises? We argue that the public assesses three key dimensions of an intervention: the motivation for an intervention, the form an intervention can take, and the tasks an intervention may be mandated to fulfill. Through a survey experiment, we test several hypotheses in the context of a potential U.S. military intervention in a civil war. Comparing different motivations, we find that the strategies (forms and mandates) matter much more for public support. Regardless of motivation, the American public is generally more supportive of multilateral forms of intervention and prefers mandates that focus on the protection of civilians and peaceful conflict resolution.
Pyrolysis characteristics and microstructure evolution of different coal types
Authors: Chen Yanpeng , Yin Zhenyong , Sun Fenjin , Xu Hao , Wu Jingjie , Fu Fangliang
Published: July 2022

Coal pyrolysis is the basis of coal gasification, as it is the necessary reaction step in the coal conversion process. To study the pyrolysis characteristics of different coal grades under temperature, thermal simulation tests of three different ranks of coal were conducted, and the pore structure and gas products were analyzed by using liquid nitrogen adsorption and gas chromatographic, and perform fractal fitting for pores of different size. The results show that the pyrolysis gas output of Inner Mongolia lignite is higher than that of Xinjiang long flame coal and Hancheng bituminous coal. With the increase of coal rank, the gas output of each gas component also shows a decreasing trend and the initial temperature and peak temperature of various gases gradually shift to high temperature. With the increase of temperature, the average pore size, volume, specific surface area, and fractal dimension of the three kinds of coal char show an increasing trend. The average pore size and pore volume of coal char increase, and the fractal dimension increase with the increase of coal rank. The comprehensive comparative analysis of the gaseous products, average pore size, pore volume, and fractal dimension of the three coal chars shows that Inner Mongolia lignite has high gas production, large average pore size, good connectivity, and simple pore structure, which is conducive to the escape of pyrolysis gas and the transportation of gasification agent and is the best favorable coal for gasification. The research results are expected to provide experimental guidance for the actual production of underground coal gasification.
A Large Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Involving the Anterior Frontal Fossa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wu Huachao , Hu Xiaoyan , Xiang Wenbin , Liu Nuomin , Fang Sha , Xu Ting , Qi Yan , Zheng Linhui , Cai Wenqi , Wu Chaoyan , Yu Haijun
Published: July 2022

The Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that arises mainly from the pleura. The sinonasal tract is generally not affected by SFT, and less than 100 cases have been reported in the English literature to date. We report an extremely rare SFT of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses extending into the anterior frontal fossa through the floor of the anterior skull base. To our knowledge, this case is the fourth SFT of the sinonasal tract involving the anterior frontal fossa in the world. Meanwhile, the tumor, measuring 13 × 6 cm in images, is the largest SFT of the sinonasal tract compared to previously reported cases. Three surgical procedures, including a transcranial one, were performed for the patient to achieve complete removal of the tumor. The diagnosis of SFT was established primarily by immunohistochemical positivity for CD34, STAT6, and negativity for S-100 protein. We emphasize the possibility of recurrence in SFT, and close follow-up is necessary with the help of nasal endoscopy and imaging approaches.
Scholarly Publishing, Boundary Processes, and the Problem of Fake Peer Reviews
Authors: Bell Kirsten , Kingori Patricia , Mills David
Published: July 2022

Over the past decade, the phenomenon of “fake” peer reviews has caused growing consternation among scholarly publishers. Yet despite the significant behind-the-scenes impact that anxieties about fakery have had on peer review processes within scholarly journals, the phenomenon itself has been subject to little scholarly analysis. Rather than treating fake reviews as a straightforward descriptive category, in this article, we explore how the discourse on fake reviews emerged and why, and what it tells us about its seeming antithesis, “genuine” peer review. Our primary source of data are two influential adjudicators of scholarly publishing integrity that have been critical to the emergence of the concept of the fake review: Retraction Watch and the Committee on Publication Ethics. Via an analysis of their respective blog posts, Forum cases, presentations, and best practice guidance, we build a genealogy of the fake review discourse and highlight the variety of players involved in staking out the fake. We conclude that constant work is required to maintain clear lines of separation between genuine and fake reviews and highlight how the concept has served to reassert the boundaries between science and society in a context where they have increasingly been questioned.
Remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with six ischemic cycles
Authors: Böning Andreas , Flicker Luisa , Rodriguez-Montesinos Julian , Cabrera-Fuentes Hector , Preissner Klaus T , Niemann Bernd , Taghiyev Zulfugar T
Published: July 2022

Background

We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP), which utilizes in part the extracellular RNA (eRNA)/RNase1 pathway, can induce ischemic tolerance in humans. Because RIP has thus far been tested only with four cycles of extremity ischemia/reperfusion, we investigated the influence of six cycles of ischemia on the eRNA/RNase1 pathway in cardiac patients.

Methods

Six cycles of RIP were carried out in 14 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood samples were taken at 13 timepoints during surgery and at three timepoints after surgery for determining serum levels of RNase1, eRNA, and TNF-α. Trans-cardiac gradients between the myocardial blood inflow and outflow were calculated.

Results

Between the fourth and the sixth RIP cycles, a noticeable increase in the levels of eRNA (fourth: 151.6 (SD: 44.2) ng/ml vs sixth: 181.8 (SD: 87.5) ng/ml, p = .071), and a significant increase in RNase1 (fourth: 151.1 (SD: 42.6) U/ml vs sixth: 175.3 (SD: 41.2) U/ml, p = .001), were noted. The trans-cardiac gradients of RNase1 and eRNA before and after ischemia were not significantly different ( p = .158 and p = .221; p = .397 and p = .683, respectively). Likewise, the trans-cardiac gradient of TNF-α was similar before and after ischemia. During the first 48 h after the surgery, RNase1 activity rose significantly and exceeded baseline values (135.7 (SD: 40.6) U/ml before and 279.2 (SD: 85.6) U/ml after surgery, p = .001) as did eRNA levels (148,6 (SD: 35.4) ng/ml before and 396.5 (SD: 154.5) ng/ml after surgery, p = .005), whereas TNF-α levels decreased significantly (91.7 (SD: 47.7) pg/ml before and 35.7 (SD: 36.9) pg/ml after surgery, p = .001).

Conclusion

Six RIP cycles increased the RNase1 levels significantly above those observed with four cycles. More clinical data are required to show whether this translates into a benefit for patients.
Mindfulness, Meditation, and Lucid Dreaming: A Narrow vs. Broad-Spectrum Mindfulness Study
Authors: Geise Chelsea , Smith Jonathan C.
Published: July 2022

Both lucid dreaming and mindfulness appear to involve metacognition and awareness, or “awareness of awareness” in which one is aware and consciously attends to present experiences. Despite evidence for the continuity hypothesis of dreaming (which posits dream content is connected and related to the concerns and thoughts in waking life), little research has explored a relationship between lucid dreaming and waking mindfulness. The present study explores the relationship among mindfulness experience, meditation practice history, and lucid dreaming. Undergraduate students and meditators completed questionnaires assessing trait mindfulness, lucid dreaming frequency, and meditation practices. Surprisingly, lucid dreaming was not associated with meditation practice frequency or narrow-spectrum mindfulness experiences like present-centered awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance. Lucid dreaming frequency was predicted only by dream recall and mindfulness-related experiences of Transcendence. Possible personality implications are discussed.
Writing our way to sustainable economies? How academic sustainability writing engages with capitalism
Authors: Mair Simon
Published: July 2022

In this paper I explore the ways that academic sustainability writing engages with economic systems and consider the performative effects of these modes of engagement. Using capitalist realism and capitalocentrism, I define three mechanisms by which non-capitalist futures are foreclosed: 1) Actively Recreating Capitalism – where industries like advertising actively seek to recreate and reinforce capitalist values. 2) Capitalism Unseen – where capitalism is perceived as natural and synonymous with all economic forms. 3) Making a Monolith of Capitalism, where anti-capitalist writers focus so much on capitalism that they make it appear undefeatable. Examining the frequency of different terms used by academic sustainability writers when talking about economic systems, and looking at two different uses of the term ‘capital’ I argue that academic sustainability writers engage with and are influenced by these mechanisms in different ways. Currently, there is a substantive body of academic sustainability writing that contributes to Capitalism Unseen. However, there are also strands of work that emphasis discontinuity and change within economic systems. I argue that such work provides a model for escaping Capitalism Unseen and avoiding Making a Monolith of Capitalism.
Performance of Risk-Based Estimating for Capital Projects
Authors: Gabel Mark , Sujka Mark , Davis Zachary W. , Keizur Alan E.
Published: July 2022

Risk-based approaches to capital project cost and schedule estimation have been adopted by many public agencies in recent years. Such techniques are intended to produce more reliable cost and schedule forecasts, enhance risk management, and improve project management and project delivery outcomes. However, limited research has been conducted in relation to the true effectiveness of such risk assessment programs. The impact of process change must be measured to appraise the value differential. Where a high-value proposition exists, it is the duty of public servants to disseminate the opportunity to the industry for the good of the public. This paper measures and compares the cost and schedule performance of 28 highway projects completed in Washington state between 2016 and 2019. Results from a group of projects that deployed a formal cost/schedule risk assessment with risk management (referred here as “CRA”) are compared with a second group that did not. The data reveal that projects that completed a CRA were more likely to be completed with a total contract cost at or below the engineer’s estimate, experience lower post-award cost and schedule growth, and experience more predictable outcomes than those projects that did not deploy a CRA. Additional observed benefits of a CRA process are also discussed.
Last-Mile Strategies for Urban Freight Delivery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lyons Torrey , McDonald Noreen C.
Published: July 2022

Trends in retail and e-commerce have led to greater demand for urban freight and last-mile deliveries. This is a concern for urban planners, parcel carriers, and citizens as they struggle to cope with the demands that increased freight flows create in an urban context. This topic has also seen a corresponding expansion in the academic literature as researchers propose solutions to the problem of last-mile delivery. We conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify innovative last-mile delivery strategies as well as ways that those strategies are evaluated by researchers. This study will help academics as they consider directing future research as well as practitioners as they assess how delivery patterns may shift. We identify 22 last-mile delivery strategies and group them into four categories: innovative vehicles, urban goods consolidation, technological and routing advances in city logistics, and emerging planning tools and policies. We find that urban consolidation centers, freight bicycles, and collaborative logistics are the strategies that have received the most attention to date. Analyses of these options has focused on operational, environmental, social, and economic impacts with operational efficiency, emissions, and congestion being the three evaluation criteria discussed most in the literature. We propose that safety has not been adequately considered as a means for evaluating last-mile delivery strategies and should be a higher-priority focus for urban freight research going forward.
Assessing Safety Performance on Urban and Suburban Roadways of Lower Functional Classification: An Evaluation of Minor Arterial and Collector Roadway Segments
Authors: Chakraborty Meghna , Gates Timothy J.
Published: July 2022

Previous research of urban roadway safety performance has generally focused on roadways of high functional classifications, such as principal arterials. However, roadways with lower functional classifications, including minor arterials and collectors, typically possess characteristics that differ from those of higher roadway classes. Therefore, assumptions made on the general effect of the predictor variables from typical safety performance functions may not apply to lower roadway classes. To address these knowledge gaps, a safety performance evaluation of urban/suburban minor arterial and collector roadway segments was performed using traffic and roadway data along with 8 years of crash data from 189 mi of two-lane urban and suburban roadways in Washtenaw County, MI. Mixed-effects negative binomial models with a segment-specific random intercept were developed for minor arterial and collector road segments, considering total-, fatal and injury-, and property damage only crashes. In general, minor arterial roadways showed greater crash occurrence compared with collector roads. Posted speed limit had a significant positive association with crash frequency, and this effect increased when the speed limit exceeded 40 mph. The effect of speed limit was stronger on minor arterial segments and for fatal and injury crashes. Additionally, driveway density was found to have a significant effect on safety performance, which was stronger for commercial/industrial driveways compared with residential driveways and for collector roads compared with minor arterials, particularly when considering residential driveways. On-street parking was associated with lower crash occurrence, with a stronger effect on collector roadways, most likely because of greater parking turnover when compared with minor arterials.
Primary Arthroscopic Labral Management: Labral Repair and Complete Labral Reconstruction Both Offer Durable, Promising Results at Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Scanaliato John P. , Green Clare K. , Salfiti Catherine E. , Patrick Cole M. , Wolff Andrew B.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Increased understanding of the acetabular labrum’s role in hip joint biomechanics has led to a greater focus on the conservation and restoration of normal labral anatomic characteristics; however, labral repair is often not possible in the setting of severe intrasubstance damage or deficiency.

Purpose:

To compare 5-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes between hips treated with primary complete arthroscopic labral reconstruction and those treated with primary labral repair.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All hips that underwent primary labral repair or reconstruction by the senior surgeon between January 2015 and December 2015 were included. Hips that had undergone a previous intra-articular procedure were excluded. Visual analog scales and patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments were completed by patients within 1 week before surgery as a baseline measurement, between 22 and 26 months postoperatively for 2-year outcomes, and between 58 and 62 months for 5-year outcomes. PRO scores collected included the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool, and the visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction. Pain and satisfaction were assessed using visual analog scales.

Results:

A total of 68 primary labral repairs and 62 primary complete labral reconstructions were included in the final analysis. Patients in the reconstruction cohort were older (38.3 vs 29.9 years; P < .001), had a higher incidence of severe labral tearing (62.90% vs 5.88%; P < .001), required a greater number of concomitant procedures ( P < .001), and were more likely to have Beck grade III or IV chondral damage (12.94% vs 1.47%; P < .001). Both groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in outcome scores at minimum 5-year follow-up. Patients who underwent labral reconstruction had a significantly greater increase in mHHS from the preoperative assessment to latest follow-up compared with patients undergoing labral repair (27.43 vs 17.13; P = .04). No statistically significant differences between the 2 cohorts were found in achievement of minimal clinically important difference, Patient Acceptable Symptom State, maximum outcome improvement, and substantial clinical benefit at latest follow-up ( P > .05). In total, 2 patients in the repair cohort and 3 patients in the reconstruction cohort required revision arthroscopy ( P = .574). Further, 1 patient from each group converted to arthroplasty ( P = .947).

Conclusion:

The results of this study suggest that primary complete labral reconstruction is a viable surgical option for hips with moderate to severe labral pathology. At minimum 5-year follow-up, labral reconstruction produced similar outcomes to labral repair despite less favorable preoperative patient characteristics in the reconstruction cohort.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Centrally Restricted Diffusion Sign in Cerebral Metastatic Disease: Differentiating Radiation Necrosis from Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Puac-Polanco Paulo , Zakhari Nader , Miller Jacob , McComiskey David , Thornhill Rebecca E. , Jansen Gerard H. , Nair Vimoj J , Nguyen Thanh Binh
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The centrally restricted diffusion sign of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is associated with radiation necrosis (RN) in treated gliomas. Our goal was to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy to distinguish RN from tumor recurrence (TR) in treated brain metastases. Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive patients with brain metastases who developed a newly centrally necrotic lesion after radiotherapy (RT). One reader placed regions of interest (ROI) in the enhancing solid lesion and the non-enhancing central necrosis on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. Two readers qualitatively assessed the presence of the centrally restricted diffusion sign. The final diagnosis was made by histopathology (n = 39) or imaging follow-up (n = 2). Differences between groups were assessed by Fisher’s exact or Mann–Whitney U tests. Diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader agreement were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and kappa scores. Results: Forty-one lesions (32 predominant RN; 9 predominant TR) were analyzed. An ADC value ≤ 1220 × 10-6 mm2/s (sensitivity 74%, specificity 89%, area under the curve [AUC] .85 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .70–.94] P < .0001) from the necrosis and an ADC necrosis/enhancement ratio ≤1.37 (sensitivity 74%, specificity 89%, AUC .82 [95% CI, .67–.93] P < .0001) provided the highest performance for RN diagnosis. The qualitative centrally restricted diffusion sign had a sensitivity of 69% (95% CI, .50–.83), specificity of 77% (95% CI, .40–.96), and a moderate (k = .49) inter-reader agreement for RN diagnosis. Conclusions: Radiation necrosis is associated with lower ADC values in the central necrosis than TR. A moderate interobserver agreement might limit the qualitative assessment of the centrally restricted diffusion sign.
The Impact of an Antithrombotic Stewardship Program on Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Management
Authors: Lee John , Lindsley John , Chasler Jessica , Streiff Michael B. , Naik Rakhi , Shanbhag Satish , Dane Kathryn E.
Published: July 2022

Background: An antithrombotic stewardship program was implemented to reduce IV DTI use and increase fondaparinux and direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use for suspected or confirmed Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of an antithrombotic stewardship program on IV DTI utilization in patients with HIT. Methods: A retrospective analysis of adults receiving IV DTIs or fondaparinux from July 2016 to July 2017 (pre-stewardship) and October 2017 to July 2019 (post-stewardship) was conducted. Results: The median duration of IV DTI administration was not significantly different in HIT-negative patients between the pre- and post-stewardship cohorts (1.6 days (25th percentile (p25), 75th percentile (p75): .5, 3.3) vs 1.7 days (p25, p75: .9, 3.9), P = .31). The median duration of IV DTI administration in HIT-positive patients was 9.9 days (p25, p75: 7.6, 21.0) pre-stewardship and 7.3 days (p25, p75: 4.8, 16.5) post-stewardship ( P = .18). For HIT-positive patients, the time from HIT diagnosis to discharge was 12.8 days (p25, p75: 8.9, 24.9) and 9.2 days (p25, p75: 4.0, 18.1) in the pre- and post-stewardship cohorts, respectively ( P = .07). Fondaparinux and DOAC prescribing rates were 40.7% and 62.2% in the pre- and post-stewardship cohorts, respectively ( P = .09). The percentage of patients with no contraindications to IV DTI alternatives receiving these agents increased from 31.2% to 78.6% ( P = .01) following stewardship implementation. Conclusions: Intravenous DTI alternative utilization increased significantly after stewardship implementation. Stewardship implementation was associated with a non-statistically significant trend towards decreased IV DTI utilization and decreased length of stay for HIT-positive patients.
Conducting Multicenter Residency Research
Authors: Giuliano Christopher , Haan Bradley , Hanni Claudia , Ng Tsz Hin , Yost Raymond
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Conducting well designed pharmacy resident research projects has inherent challenges including inadequate sample size, a lack of time, decreased generalizability, and inadequate research support. A way to overcome these barriers is through conducting multicenter research projects. However, this approach may also bring new challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide a general approach for pharmacy preceptors and leaders on implementation of multicenter residency research.

This article includes a general approach to conducting multicenter research from experienced individuals based upon their successes and failures. A timeline-based format is presented to lay the groundwork for implementation of this approach. Key topics in this paper include establishing a research overview committee, research question development, Institutional Review Board considerations, site recruitment, authorship discussions, resident coordination, protocol development, data collection, manuscript development, and considerations after residency. The approach maintains a critical focus on the individual residents ability to achieve American Society of Health-System Pharmacists accreditation standards for conducting research while operating in a collaborative manner.

Conclusion

Conducting multicenter residency research projects requires a team-based approach and advanced planning. This approach has the potential to improve pharmacy resident project quality.
Ordering life and law in a besieged African secessionist state
Authors: Lu Vivian Chenxue
Published: July 2022

Samuel Fury Childs Daly’s A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the Nigerian Civil War focuses on the remarkable legal inner workings of the postcolonial African secessionist state of Biafra (1967-70). Drawing from extensive and original archival research, ranging from official archives to previously abandoned local court backrooms, interviews, and private collections, Daly considers the complex and troubled phenomenon of criminality during and after the Nigerian Civil War by tracing how Biafran law itself morphed and expanded under war conditions to incorporate the extraordinary. Law was not practiced as simply an enforcement of abstract rules but rather a mediating force amongst desperate citizens during brutal times; Biafran judges, lawyers, soldiers, and civilians remained consistently committed to the legal system and state-building despite dire and violent war conditions. Daly traces the production of criminality as a legal category, social problem, and public anxiety through the Nigerian Civil War and its aftermath, ultimately situating Nigeria’s contemporary international reputation for fraud and violent crime in the context of being a postwar society.
Entrepreneurial university icon: Stanford and Silicon Valley as innovation and natural ecosystem
Authors: Etzkowitz Henry
Published: July 2022

The author explicates the cultural DNA and take-off trajectory of an exemplary entrepreneurial university and its emerging focus on sustainability. Entrepreneurial initiatives, emanating from the engineering school in the late 19th century, spread to the physical sciences in the 1930s and to the biological sciences and medicine by the 1970s. A concerted and compressed academic development strategy sought researchers with related interests across disciplines, assuming that teaching could be diversified from these critical cores. A multi-pronged financial strategy included attracting federal research funds, leasing university land, technology transfer income and endowment from gifts and equity in university-originated firms in varying past and future proportions. Bottom-up initiatives proliferated, filling technology transfer and start-up support gaps in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Recently, some innovation initiatives have been shuttered as the Administration has tacked towards addressing climate change though a microscopic initiative. Given an institutionalized and legitimated culture and infrastructure of entrepreneurship and innovation, these dual institutional logics operate in tandem symbiosis, mutually fructifying each other.
Organizational innovation under constraints: The case of covid patients’ flow management in Parisian hospitals
Authors: Gomez Marie-Léandre , Kerveillant Marie , Langlois Matthieu , Lot Nicolas , Raux Mathieu
Published: July 2022

The COVID crisis has put hospitals under great stress over the past 2 years and some institutions came close to their breaking points. This has often forced decision makers and the entire institutions to change their practices and the organization of the hospitals in order to continue operating despite limited resources. It has also led some hospitals to develop and implement organizational innovations. This article is based on a qualitative case study analyzing the case of a crisis unit that has implemented various innovative medical and organizational actions in order to manage the flow of resuscitation Covid patients in a large group of hospitals in Paris. This team has implemented a new evaluation scale of resuscitation needs in order to better manage quantitatively and qualitatively the patients’ flow; it has defined medical criteria to select the patients eligible for transfer; it has organized one hundred patients transfers to other hospitals’ intensive care units, in and out of the region, involving private hospitals and private ambulances for a new collaboration. The case allows us to understand innovation in the midst of an extreme situation, when material and human resources are highly constrained, and with very strong time pressure. We highlight the importance of implementing flexible organizational processes and staffing the crisis team with physicians and nurses with specific and complementary skills and experience in flow management and crisis situations.
Aerodynamic of a refrigerated truck and improvement to reduce its aerodynamic drag
Authors: Levin Jeffrey , Chen Shih-Hsiung
Published: July 2022

Despite the fact that improving heavy vehicle fuel efficiency has received considerable attention, few investigations have been done on reducing the aerodynamic drag of a refrigerated truck. This study has two objectives; first, the aerodynamic of the refrigerated truck (REF-BSL) is investigated, and second, passive add-on designs to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the refrigerated truck are proposed. Flow structure around the truck at Reynolds number (Re) equals 0.2 × 106 is numerically investigated with a steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k- ω turbulence model. For a refrigerated truck, a high-pressure region at the trailer’s front surface is concentrated at the pocket area between the refrigerator and the tractor. The presence of the refrigerator alters the shear layer at the trailer’s roof as it propagates downstream, causing the saddle point location at the near-wake to shift. The refrigerator installation increases the total drag by 9%, relative to a truck without the refrigerator. Three add-on designs (REF-A, REF-B, and REF-C) positioned at the pocket area are examined to reduce the aerodynamic drag of REF-BSL. The working principle of the add-ons is to re-direct the incoming fluid toward the sides of the truck, preventing the formation of the high-pressure region at the pocket area, thus lowering the total drag of the refrigerated truck. The REF-B design is found to be the most efficient in terms of reducing drag by 16.5%.
Use of wavelength interaction terms to improve near infrared spectroscopy models of donkey milk properties
Authors: Altieri Giuseppe , Rashvand Mahdi , Mammadov Orkhan , Matera Attilio , Genovese Francesco , Di Renzo Giovanni Carlo
Published: July 2022

Ranchers are continuously searching for suitable tools to rapidly and inexpensively assess the characteristics of donkey milk and because spectroscopic models are useful to assess the composition of many foods, an attempt to further improve the prediction performance of donkey milk protein, lactose and dry-matter content has been made using three widely used spectroscopic models by adding some interaction terms, namely product, ratio, sum and difference of absorbances for each couple of wavelengths. Principal component regression using product terms showed an improvement in prediction error achieving 1.8%, 1.7% and 0.9% for protein, lactose and dry-matter content respectively. Furthermore, the added ratio terms showed a very great improvement in the predictive overall performance achieving 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.2%. A coefficient has been found relating the widely used RPD, a standard index of prediction performance, to the new proposed “range of confident prediction error percent” being a more understandable parameter to assess the goodness of the prediction model.
Medical need and medicalisation in funding assisted reproduction: A right to health analysis
Authors: Dadiya Jinal
Published: July 2022

Assisted reproductive technologies ( ARTs) promise childbirth to those who are involuntarily childless. Despite an increase in their availability, they remain inaccessible because they are expensive. Some jurisdictions fund or subsidise ARTs. Central to ART funding decisions is the question of whether they are medically needed. This arises first at the stage of whether ARTs are funded at all, and second, in determining who, among those that are involuntarily childless, should access funded ARTs. I compare four representative models to demonstrate that centring medical need at these two stages raises problems of (a) undermining the welfare of ART seekers; (b) discrimination against same-sex couples and single women; (c) prioritising the medical needs of some groups over others; (d) budgetary competition with other medical services; and (e) inconsistent practices across jurisdictions. This has the effect of intensifying the stratified pressure to have children faced by women across the world. Drawing on this, I argue that centring medical need in ART funding is inconsistent with the international human right to health. I further claim that an alternative reproductive health approach to funding has the potential to undo the exclusionary nature of the social pressure to have children.
Inclusiveness and Intrapreneurial Behaviours in Organisations
Authors: Ramati-Navon Liat , Carmeli Abraham , Menahem Gila
Published: July 2022

A growing interest has recently been directed to the ways by which organisations and leaders can drive individual intrapreneurship (intra-organisational entrepreneurship). However, this research has been slow to accumulate, particularly regarding how leaders motivate employees to engage in intrapreneurial behaviours. It adopts a relational leadership theory to guide and integrate research on inclusiveness, regulatory focus and work engagement to develop and test a mechanisms model that explains why inclusive leadership facilitates intrapreneurial behaviours. Structural equation modeling and meta-analysis results of multiple studies across settings in two countries indicate that psychological availability, openness to experience and promotion gains are key mechanisms whereby inclusive leadership influences intrapreneurship. In addition, psychological availability was positively related to gains, whereas other sub-dimensions of regulatory focus theory did not show a similar pattern. Our findings also indicate a positive interactive influence of openness to experience and promotion gains on intrapreneurship. This study advances the literatures of leadership and intrapreneurship by revealing the mechanisms whereby inclusive leadership facilitates employee intrapreneurial behaviours.
A Hauntology of Clandestine Transmissions: Spectres of Gender and Race in Electronic Music
Authors: Gray Chantelle
Published: July 2022

Electronic music is often presented as originating with the Futurists, John Cage, Robert Moog, Kraftwerk and the Detroit techno scene, yet such descriptions elide the role of women in the history of electronic and experimental music and, importantly, occlude contributions from non-western and non-white musicians. This clandestine history is further obscured by the fact that although there are as many women artists working within electronic and experimental music as there are men, men continue to dominate related events and festivals. In this article, I use Jacques Derrida’s notion of hauntology—a portmanteau of ‘haunting’ and ‘ontology’—to frame such practices of historiography. For Derrida, hauntology marks not a belief in ghosts but, rather, an ethical injunction to preserve otherness, even while such otherness may not be wholly comprehensible to us. The aim of this article is thus twofold: first, to provide a contextualisation of hauntology; and second, to produce a spectrography of electronic and experimental music, of occluded histories and their haunting presence/absence coordinates, in order that we might remember—sit with—the forgotten h(er)istories while all the time acknowledging that these tellings are themselves necessarily partial.
‘No Country for Old Women’: Female Aging in Bollywood
Authors: Kumar Saurav
Published: July 2022

In 2013, Sharmila Tagore1 called Bollywood ‘[n]o country for old women’.1 Like all older women, aging female actors of Bollywood too have experienced what Susan Sontag calls ‘the double standard of aging’: at older ages women are viewed as being too old to play central figures unlike men who play lead roles for a longer time. Aging reduces women’s suitability as ‘heroines’ in the film industry. The article (a) provides a critical genealogy of female aging in the world of Indian cinema, which was born in the colonial era and (b) assesses the representation of older women in more recent Bollywood movies.
Xi’s Military Reforms and its Efficacy in Furthering China’s National Security Objectives
Authors: Desai Suyash , Kewalramani Manoj
Published: July 2022

Chinese President Xi Jinping announced landmark military reforms in late 2015. The reforms intend to remove the ‘institutional obstacles, structural contradictions and policy problems’ with the aim of modernising the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) organisational structure in order to ‘further unleash its combat effectiveness’. They also aim to convert the PLA into a world-class force by 2049. However, assessing the reform process in the context of organisational structures and force-specific objectives, it appears that there remains much to be desired. The reforms have certainly made the PLA a better equipped regional force. But they have, thus far, only had a limited impact in terms of preparing the PLA to meet key strategic and security objectives.
Distinguished Professor Lee Parker: A biography
Authors: Daff Lyn
Published: July 2022

Distinguished Professor Lee Parker was inducted into the Australian Accounting Hall of Fame in 2020. He has made a significant contribution to interdisciplinary accounting research through his role as joint founding editor of the Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, his prolific publications, his periodic Qualitative Research Colloquia and exemplary mentoring. Narrative research conducted with an oral history approach drew on interviews with Lee, his colleagues and family members. Lee's story highlights how his willingness to learn from others, grasp opportunities, reflect and adjust, as well as his generous, giving spirit have contributed to his considerable global influence. Understanding his philosophies and motivators provides a rich canvas for researchers wanting to interpret his many publications. His story also provides insights and inspiration for those interested in an academic career and leadership.
‘You Lose Confidence in Being a Human Being, Never Mind Being a Parent’: The Lived Experience of Mothers With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Casey Anne-Marie , Nolan Maeve , Nixon Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Little research to date has explored the experiences of parenting among mothers with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of mothers with SCI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight mothers and an interpretive phenomenological analysis was carried out. Two super-ordinate themes were identified. The first theme, entitled: ‘A sit-down mummy: The visibility of differences as a mother with SCI’ highlighted how mothers faced challenges when undertaking practical parenting tasks, thus making them feel less than their non-injured peers, and how they navigated the visible and physical intrusion of the wheelchairs in their relationships with their children. The second theme, entitled: ‘What kind of mother? Being a good enough parent’ reflected mothers’ heightened sense of guilt with respect to unmet expectations of the self as mother, and the contrasting positive experiences of availing of support and finding new ways to connect with their children. Clinical implications, methodological considerations and future directions are discussed.
Hispanics and Hospice: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cardenas Valeria , Fennell Gillian , Enguidanos Susan
Published: July 2022

Background. Hospice has been shown to improve patient and family satisfaction with care, reduce hospitalizations and hospital costs, and reduce pain and symptoms. Despite more than 40 years of hospice care and related research in the U.S., few studies examining hospice experiences have included Hispanics. Thus, little is known about hospice barriers, facilitators, and outcomes among Hispanics.

Aim. This systematic literature review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of studies assessing knowledge of and attitudes toward hospice, barriers and facilitators to hospice use, utilization patterns, and hospice-related outcomes among Hispanics.

Design. Between March 2019 and March 2020 we searched Ovid Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and CINAHL, using search terms for hospice care, end-of-life care, Hispanics, and Latinos. All steps were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. U.S. studies that examined Hispanics’ knowledge and attitudes towards hospice, facilitators or barriers to hospice use, hospice use, and hospice-related outcomes were included. Qualitative studies and non-empirical work were excluded. Study quality was assessed using Hawker’s quality criteria.

Results. Of the 4,841 abstracts reviewed, 41 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. These studies largely report lower hospice knowledge and awareness among Hispanics and mixed results around hospice use and outcomes in comparison to Whites.

Conclusion. There has been relatively little research focused specifically on Hispanics’ experience with hospice. Future research should focus on testing interventions for overcoming hospice-related disparities among Hispanics and on improving access to quality hospice care among terminally ill Hispanics.
Lived Experience: A Case-Based Review of Trauma-Informed Hospice and Palliative Care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Meyerson Jordana L. , O’Malley Kelly A. , Obas Christelle E. , Hinrichs Kate L. M.
Published: July 2022

Many individuals who present for hospice or palliative care might have experienced trauma during their lives, with some progressing to post-traumatic stress disorder. As these individuals face life-limiting illness, trauma might resurface. Consequently, physical and emotional health might suffer due to exacerbation of trauma-related symptoms, such as anxiety, irritability, or flashbacks. Providing trauma-informed care can help mitigate the effects of trauma for those facing life-limiting illness who might not be able to tolerate formal trauma treatment due to limited prognosis, fatigue, or lack of willingness to engage in treatment. The goal of this narrative review is to describe how aging and the end-of-life experience can lead to a re-engagement with previous traumatic experiences and, using case-based examples, provide recommendations for all members of the interprofessional hospice or palliative care team on how to elicit and respond to a history of trauma to minimize the potential negative impact of trauma at end-of-life.
Development and Implementation of an Online Global Pharmacovigilance Certificate Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Doan Thao , Lievano Fabio , Scarazzini Linda , Liebelt Kate , Jaradeh Mark , Kantarcioglu Bulent , Fareed Jawed , Jones W. Keith
Published: July 2022

Pharmacovigilance plays a lifesaving role in the practice of medicine. In 2021, during the Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Loyola University Chicago launched a graduate-level Pharmacovigilance Certificate Program (PV-CERT) and a pre-professional non-graduate Pharmacovigilance Certificate Course (EPEC-PV), to provide students a comprehensive and contemporary understanding of the principles and practices of pharmacovigilance. Formal training in pharmacovigilance through this course provided a structured understanding of how safety data are generated through clinical trials and from real-world evidence as well as the regulatory environment in which data are monitored and interpreted. Pharmacovigilance training is of critical importance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, during which several drugs were re-purposed for the management of various stages of COVID-19 without conventional safety data. Moreover, the safety of currently-used vaccines is of concern in some populations. Although anticoagulants and antithrombotic medications are crucial in the management of COVID-19, a clear pharmacovigilance program on their use in this indication is not established. As the century progresses, new diseases and infectious agents will require novel therapies for which the evaluation of benefits versus risks will be as essential as it has been for the current COVID-19 pandemic. As such, the Loyola course and accompanying programs on pharmacovigilance will play a key role in educating the next generation of professionals in pursuing careers in the development of therapies that ultimately improve patient outcomes while maintaining rigorous safety standards.
The Impact of the National Housing Program on Residential Segregation in Costa Rica
Authors: Pérez-Molina Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Residential socio-economic segregation in Costa Rica had an overall decreasing trend between 1973 and 2011 because of a sustained reduction in the amount of lower income households. However, in 1986, the national housing program was reformed, including a ten-fold increase in housing supply (292 thousand subsidies allocated in 1987-2011, in a country with 1.36 million housing units). The pattern of these subsidies was hypothesized to increase residential segregation in Costa Rica. Segregation indices were estimated per municipality for lower and higher income groups. The impact of social housing subsidies on segregation levels was quantified using a fixed effects model with standard errors corrected for spatial dependence. Social housing supply was found to have historically reduced residential segregation; however, the 1986 reforms created a system that followed the patterns of real estate markets, in turn reducing much of the system’s mitigation effect on residential segregation.