bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’Intelligence Artificielle au prisme d’une approche intersectionnelle : entre négociations et définitions
Authors: Marques Julie
Published: March 2022

Nous proposons de présenter une réflexion sur l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) au prisme du genre, de la classe et de la race, dans une approche intersectionnelle qui questionne l’apparente neutralité de cette Technique. L’objectif étant de mettre en visibilité les différents impacts de ces technologies sur les rapports sociaux, notamment en démontrant que l’IA est une Technique intrinsèquement sociale, idéologique et politique. Penser l’IA en co-construction avec la société permet d’éviter de tomber dans un « maths washing » invisibilisant les rapports de pouvoir sous couvert d’objectivité mathématique et d’interroger les dispositifs mis en place par les différentes organisations pour veiller à ce que cette Technique n’automatise pas les injustices et inégalités.
L’intelligence artificielle : déni de conscience ou nouvel humanisme ?
Authors: VIEIRA Lise
Published: March 2022

Aujourd’hui plus que jamais, l’intelligence artificielle soulève de vifs débats dus en partie à sa fulgurante extension alors que le concept n’est apparu que depuis une soixantaine d’années. Tout d’abord destiné à seconder l’Homme dans l’avancée de la recherche et dans les tâches au quotidien, cet ensemble d’inventions prend des formes de plus en plus sophistiquées au point de laisser craindre une supplantation. L’IA est-elle l’expression la plus avancée du génie humain et du progrès ou bien est-elle annonciatrice d’un asservissement imminent de l’Homme aux algorithmes et robots de toutes sortes ? Quelle est la place de l’Humanisme dans cette évolution ?
Design of e–Learning based Based on ADDIE model during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wahyudin Dinn , Darmawan Deni , Suharti
Published: March 2022

English is more influence in all aspects of life. It has function as a tools of communication in the world. English in each of the country to be the first language, second language, and foreign language. In Indonesia, as long as pandemic covid-19 the status of English instruction as a interesting foreign language. This aim refers to design e –learning based english language learning by using ADDIE model for English Education Departement. Designing instruction that involves five procedures ; Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE). Analyze, it will be identify the probable causes for a performance gap of Virtual Community Digital Learning Nusantara (VCDLN) to know student needs, and determine the objective of learning . Design, verify the desired performances and appropriate testing methods. Develop, generate and validate the learning resources. Implement, prepare the learning environment and engage the students. Evaluate, assess the quality of the instructional products and processes, both before and after implementation. DBR method was chosen to support the design. Mastery in English was effected from synchronous and asynchronous of e-learning. ADDIE model will bring E-learning based- English instruction in English Education Department as VCDLN Strategic Implementation in Pandemic Covid-19.
L’activité du journaliste sportif (TV) au Cameroun à l’ère du numérique : entre changement organisationnel et fracture générationnelle
Authors: MBITA Germaine ABOMO
Published: March 2022

L’introduction du numérique dans le monde du journalisme a considérablement changé le travail des journalistes. dans cet article, nous avons analysé les nouvelles pratiques des journalistes sportifs avec l’arrivée du numérique dans le monde des médias au Cameroun. Il faut dire que le numérique a fait naitre de nouvelles pratiques professionnelles notamment avec l’arrivée des réseaux sociaux numérique, l’immédiateté de l’information, la présente très nombreuse des amateurs, la multiplication des tâches qui est désormais nécessaire pour tout journaliste. Notre analyse des nouvelles pratiques à fait ressortir l’existence des conflits intergénérationnels entre les journalistes mais aussi l’impact de la tradition dans l’appropriation des nouvelles pratiques professionnelles apportées par le numérique.
La gestion émotionnelle de Parcoursup. Une épreuve entre inégalités de ressources et d’incertitudes
Authors: Mizzi Alban
Published: March 2022

Depuis son annonce en 2017, la loi Orientation et Réussite des Étudiants (ORE) et par extension Parcoursup ne cesse de faire couler de l’encre. La sélection en première année de licence est dénoncée comme inégalitaire et arbitraire. En suivant sur le temps long une cohorte de 34 lycéen·nes de la région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, ces inégalités se révèlent. Elles peuvent être de nature économique, mais également émotionnelles. Sous le prisme de ces inégalités, différents parcours se distinguent : ceux des Aristocrates, des Détaché·es, des Compulsif·ves, et des Contrarié·es. Si certain·es préparent la procédure en ressentant moins d’inquiétude que d’autres, la phase des listes d’attentes rebat certaines cartes. Somme toute, l’opacité ressentie des critères d’admission est source de stress chez les moins doté·es en ressources sociales et émotionnelles.
Minimal age-related variation in bipedal behavior in Sapajus
Authors: Wright Kristin A. , Fragaszy Dorothy M.
Published: March 2022

Our understanding of how bipedalism evolved in hominins has been refined through studies of bipedal behavior in non-human primates, both in the wild and in the laboratory. Bipedal behavior in non-human primates makes up a relatively small portion of their behavioral repertoire. Understanding when bipedal behaviors occur and how bipedal behaviors emerge can provide further insight into the context in which bipedal behaviors may have evolved. Here, we examine age-related variation in bipedal behavior in wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus). 2,209 records of bipedal posture and locomotion, activity state, and substrate used during bipedal behavior (17.2% of all records of positional behavior) were examined for individuals ranging from 3 months to 15 years or older in two groups (32 individuals in total). Apart from very young individuals that were carried by older conspecifics, individuals of all ages showed similar rates and patterns of bipedal behaviors. Bipedal postures were used predominantly during feeding and foraging, most often in arboreal settings, and most often with their prehensile tail grasping, or in contact with, the substrate. Bipedal locomotion occurred most often on terrestrial substrates and comprised only 3% of all records of bipedal behavior.
Faire et se faire : les ressorts d’une vie éthique enseignante cohérente
Authors: Romuald Gambou Alfred
Published: March 2022

À partir d’un ancrage théorique adossé à notre propre vécu expérientiel, cette recherche tente de comprendre dans quelle mesure le double souci des modalités et de cohérence permet-il à la pratique enseignante, l’éthique qui la constitue, d’être en elle-même sa propre fin et d’orienter l’existence vers ses buts propres ? Dans la mesure où cette pratique enseignante s’appuie sur trois ressorts ici identifiés, qui face aux injonctions issues d’une rationalité instrumentale, rendent possibles l’émergence et l’accroissement d’une vie éthique enseignante cohérente. Il en ressort que la compréhension historique de son être, cette connaissance de soi par soi, articulée à la connaissance approfondie des champs théoriques car ce sont eux, qui sur le terrain produisent les observables, et l’expérience au sens de John Dewey tant qu’elle permet l’observation des liaisons impliquées entre les actions, les événements et les faits, revitalisent l’agir enseignant. Ainsi, à la question prescriptive « Que dois-je faire ? » fondée sur une approche du tout quantifiable, maîtrisable et contrôlable, émerge ici celle non prescriptive et qui prend en compte l’imprévu ou l’indisponible dans l’agir moral : « Comment dois-je vivre ? » ma vie d’enseignant.
Problématisation de situations interculturelles en master « Métiers de l’éducation et de la formation »
Authors: Lemoine-Bresson Véronique , Trémion Virginie
Published: March 2022

L’article montre comment deux cohortes d’étudiants de master 2 « Métiers de l’éducation et de la formation » d’un institut de formation pédagogique problématisent une situation interculturelle visionnée à partir du document vidéo What kind of Asian are you ? Pour les étudiants futurs acteurs éducatifs, la problématisation est difficile à obtenir lorsqu’il s’agit de questionner leurs propres jugements de valeurs. Nous interrogeons leurs manières d’identifier des observables pour construire le problème qui se pose dans une situation interculturelle mise en scène. Après avoir présenté le cadrage théorique de notre étude et le protocole méthodologique, nous discutons les résultats de nos analyses. Ces derniers permettent d’ouvrir des portes vers de nouvelles pratiques pour la formation interculturelle à partir d’un dispositif qui fait une large place à la construction d’une problématisation.
S’Orienter : l’orientation en groupe comme espace de développement de la capacité à réaliser des choix éducatifs et professionnels
Authors: Dionne Patricia , Saussez Frédéric , Simard Amélie
Published: March 2022

Au Québec, la nouvelle politique sur la réussite éducative se traduit entre autres par un dispositif de la réussite établissant des cibles de diplomation pour les établissements scolaires. Pour contrer l’influence négative de l’absence de diplôme, des initiatives politiques cherchent à mieux cibler les interventions destinées aux jeunes adultes afin de soutenir leur orientation scolaire et professionnelle. Le programme S’Orienter a été conçu pour amener les jeunes adultes à mettre en débat des représentations limitantes de leurs possibilités éducatives et professionnelles afin de soutenir le développement de leur pouvoir d’agir au regard de leurs décisions d’orientation. Notre analyse montre l’influence de cette intervention d’orientation en groupe sur la capacité des jeunes à se projeter dans l’avenir et à réaliser des choix éducatifs et professionnels. Elle met aussi en lumière notre conceptualisation de la fonction émancipatoire de l’intervention à partir de l’analyse de la prise de conscience – par l’appropriation d’instruments conceptuels – d’émotions et de normes qui influencent ces choix.
Le principe de justice dans la gouvernance de l'Intelligence artificielle au prisme du genre, de classe et de race
Authors: Marques Julie
Published: March 2022

Dans cet article, nous menons une réflexion sur l’Intelligence Artificielle au prisme d’une approche intersectionnelle qui questionne l’apparente neutralité de cette Technique et met en visibilité les différents impacts de cette dernière sur les rapports sociaux. Nous proposons d’analyser le principe de justice dans la gouvernance de l’IA au travers de l’exploration et de l’étude de trois chartes développées entre 2020 et 2021, en France. Il s’agira de présenter les points de convergence, de divergence et les limites de ces instruments, ainsi que leur inscription dans un contexte plus large de production de recommandations traitant de l’éthique et de la justice de l’IA. The principle of justice in the governance of Artificial Intelligence through the lens of an intersectional approach : instruments, definitions and limits. In this article, we reflect on Artificial Intelligence through the prism of an intersectional approach that questions the apparent neutrality of this Technique and makes visible its different impacts on social relations. We propose to analyze the principle of justice in the governance of AI through the exploration and study of three charters developed between 2020 and 2021, in France. We will present the points of convergence, divergence and limits of these instruments, as well as their inclusion in a broader context of production of recommendations dealing with the ethics and justice of AI.
Coder l’écriture plurilingue en numérique
Authors: Paloque-Bergès Camille
Published: March 2022

Cet article vise à faire une synthèse « désorientée » des recherches sur des codes numériques peu considérés : le codage de caractères plurilingues – la possibilité d’écrire en plusieurs langues sur les interfaces informatique et réseaux. Les études en sciences humaines et sociales sur le sujet ont été, depuis une vingtaine d’années, orientées par une reconnaissance tardive, mais rapidement devenue revendicatrice et normative, des limites des standards numériques face à la prise en compte de la diversité culturelle et des droits humains. Le codage plurilingue est devenu une évidence dans les instances de gouvernance d’Internet – du moins en surface. Cet article vise à montrer qu’il reste à approfondir l’analyse de leur gouvernementalité, i.e. comment se construisent les pouvoirs numériques rendant une norme effective (ou non) – prenant en compte les cultures du code dans la diversité de leurs pratiques. This article aims to provide a “disoriented” synthesis of research on under-explored digital codes : those based on plurilingual character encoding - the possibility of writing in several languages ​​on computer and network interfaces. Studies in the humanities and social sciences on the subject have been, for twenty years, oriented by a belated recognition – one, however, that has quickly become demanding and normative – of the limits of digital standards when it comes to considering cultural diversity and human rights. Plurilingual coding has become a given in Internet governance bodies, at least on the surface. This article aims to show that the analysis has yet to be deepened when it comes to their governmentality, i.e. how digital powers are built by making a standard effective (or not) – by taking into account the diverse cultures and practices of code.
Intercultural Communication
Authors: Perry David
Published: March 2022

This chapter explores the notion of effective communication not only in international contexts but in any situation which brings together people with diverse cultures. The chapter begins with a brief look at some intercultural experiences and then explores the notion of ‘culture' and how it can shape our behavior and patterns of thought. From there, it moves on to discuss the ‘classical view' of human interpersonal communication—and why it is incorrect—and then describes a model of communication which regards this as a ‘construction' or ‘negotiation of meaning'. The chapter continues by examining the broad concept of intercultural competence and then looks at some of the key skills, attributes and strategies which can contribute to both effective intercultural and intracultural communication. An appendix includes some example activities designed to develop greater cultural awareness.
Active Learning Strategies for Sustainable Engineering
Authors: Duarte Abel José , Malheiro Benedita , Silva Manuel Fernando , Ferreira Paulo Duarte , Guedes Pedro Barbosa
Published: March 2022

Engineering aims to improve the quality of daily life on a planet with limited resources. This chapter describes how the European Project Semester offered by the School of Engineering of the Porto Polytechnic contributes to make engineering undergraduates conscious of their environmental and societal impact. The program is a project-based active learning framework where problem-solving is supported by intercultural communication and creativity, ethical and sustainable reasoning, and global contextual analysis. This analysis shows that it fosters scientific, technical, and interpersonal competencies, emphasizing ethical and sustainable design as recommended by several reference institutions through the testimonials left on the project reports and the evolution perceived by the participants during the semester. These findings are supported by a sample of 45 projects conducted by 228 students from 23 countries and 65 degrees. All projects aimed to have a lasting impact on the future engineering practice of participants and, somehow, transform the world positively.
A Fast vs. Slow Fashion Fair on the Global Impact of Local Wardrobe Choices
Authors: Rohaert Sarah
Published: March 2022

Sustainability is a principal research domain and part of the DNA of the European Project Semester at the Faculty of Design Sciences at the University of Antwerp. This chapter describes how a multidisciplinary EPS team collaborated to design an interactive event, exhibit, and campaign to promote sustainable consumer behavior on a fair at the city campus of the university, with a focus on awareness-raising about fast versus slow fashion. Throughout all development stages, the team improved their work-in-progress during weekly coaching sessions with access to the sustainability-related research group and toolkits. This rich trajectory and the resulting fast/slow fashion fair triggered deep reflections on the team regarding fair fashion as well as taught them to plan a major event with many stakeholders, eco-design for the outdoors, and proactively communicate and develop their public relations and negotiation skills. It also raised awareness about the sustainable fashion cause among the students, staff, and the general public who visited the fair.
Recycling of Synthetic Waste Wig Fiber in the Production of Cement-Adobe for Building Envelope: Physio-Hydric Properties
Authors: Akinwande Abayomi Adewale , Adediran Adeolu Adesoji , Balogun Oluwatosin Abiodun , Adesina Olanrewaju Seun , Owa Adebayo Felix , Ademati Akeem Oladele , Olorunfemi Bayode Julius , Emmanuel Ajisegiri
Published: March 2022

Waste wigs are often disposed of in their volume in landfills, thus constituting a nuisance to the environment. Recycling these wigs in masonry bricks is a way via which they can be recycled and reused. On such premises, waste wig fiber (WWF) was recycled by incorporating it into the cement-sand-clay composite mix for masonry brick production. The challenges masonry bricks face include shrinkage and water susceptibility, hence the contributory effect of WWF on physio-hydric properties was assessed in this study. Sample preparation entailed the blending of cement, sand, clay soil, and waste wig fiber. The control mix was prepared by commixing clay with 10 % cement (by clay volume) and 20 % sand (by clay volume). Other mix proportions were reinforced with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 % WWF by clay volume. Prepared composites brick samples were cured for 28 and 56 days and tested for physio-hydric properties. Results revealed that WWF contributed significantly to improving hydro-resisting properties by minimizing porosity, water and moisture absorption, capillary suction, and water permeability. Furthermore, WWF contributed to dimensional stability by reducing shrinkages and weight loss. Hydration time impacts significantly in reducing apparent porosity, water permeability coefficient, moisture and water absorption, capillary suction coefficient; increasing apparent density, weight loss, linear, and volumetric shrinkage. Prolonged time in water ensued higher water absorption. The general outcome depicts that WWF showed promising performance in bricks developed in enhancing water and moisture susceptibility resistance and promoting mass and dimensional stability; hence, it can be employed in reinforcing cement adobe bricks.
Swelling Pressure Prediction of Compacted Unsaturated Expansive Soils
Authors: Ikechukwu Aneke Frank , Mostafa Mohamed M.H.
Published: March 2022

Generally, expansive soils undergoes significant volumetric deformation, which causes structural damages to existing infrastructures. Damages due to expansive activities are noticeable in pavements, buildings, earth dams, retaining walls etc. To estimate swelling stress, accurate assessment of soil absorption of water over time, with respect to soil volumetric change is required. However, the time frame requires for completion of swelling cycle is relatively long. With this in view, several attempts with great success have been made by researchers to predict swelling pressure of expansive soils using soil mechanics index properties. In this study, the interrelation between unsaturated soil mechanics property i.e. Matric suction () and geotechnical soil indexes were utilized to develop three predictive multi-regression equation for swelling stress. Series of Atterberg limit tests, matric suction tests, free swell index (FSI) tests and zero swelling tests (ZST) were performed to obtain the dependent and independent variables for the multi-regression analysis. Based on the experimental results, empirical relationships were developed to determine swelling stress as a function of matric suction, gravimetric moisture content (GMC), FSI, dry density and plasticity index using mathematical software package (NCSS11). The developed predictive multi-regression models were used to estimate the experimental swelling stress (. The scattered plot showed good agreement between the measured and predicted data, with coefficient of determination (R2) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.9443, 0.9793, 0.9310 and 0.0051%, 0.0021% and 0.0067% for models 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Effect of Hydroforming Drawing Cups on Thickness Variation and Surface Roughness
Authors: Eladl Abdelkhalik , Abouelatta Ossama B. , Samuel Magdy , Enab Tawakol A.
Published: March 2022

Recently, hydroforming was developed to address the emerging problems encountered by the conventional rigid tool-based deep drawing process. Hydroforming is a specialized type of die forming process, that uses a rigid die while the pressure provided by the liquid acts as a punch to shape the sheet metal. The current paper is directed to study the hydroforming process numerically and experimentally as a means for shaping aluminum alloy sheets based on the quality of product thickness variation and surface roughness. Moreover, it offered a comparative investigation of the experimental and numerical findings of this process. Therefore, thickness variation has been calculated numerically by designing a numerical model using Marc software which fits in large deformation simulation. On the other hand, thickness variation and surface roughness were measured experimentally along drawn cups and compared with the numerical results. The numerical results of thickness variation are matched with the experimental results. Furthermore, surface roughness was measured and compared before and after drawing at five regions. Since there is no contact between the upper side of a cup and any metallic parts, surface roughness depends only on the effect of plastic strain and was found to be increased in all regions.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ugwu Emmanuel Ikechukwu , Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the optimization of process parameters for adsorption of hexavalent chromium with activated carbons extracted from palm tree leaves of Nigerian origin. The effect of process parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent particle size was studied with the aid of Central Composite Design. The result showed that for the adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, temperature, contact time, and particle size, the optimum conditions were found to be 20 mg, 80 mg/l, 40° C, 40 minutes, and 1400µm, respectively. The actual and predicted values obtained were 72.96 % as well as 70.33 %, respectively, indicating a good correlation with a comparatively small variance of 2.66 %. The Langmuir isotherm showed an R2 of 0.981 and thereby showing better linearity when compared with the Freundlich isotherm. The result of the adsorption kinetics indicated that it was better described by the Pseudo-second order model. The overall adsorption process on the other hand showed an exothermic reaction with an enthalpy value of -18.707. The values of Gibbs free energy (∆G) at various temperatures also revealed a spontaneous reaction and a positive value of entropy. The results obtained showed that the adsorbent was effective in the adsorption of hexavalent chromium.
Impact of Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Allocation in Radial Distribution Network
Authors: Osaloni Oluwafunso Oluwole , Saha Akshay Kumar
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the investigative study on the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) impact on Radial Distribution System (RDS). The architecture of Power Angle Controlled UPQC named Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner (I-UPQC) was implemented in RDS. The problem of power loss, under-voltage, and reactive power burden on shunt inverters are the significant issues addressed in this study. The allocation of I-UPQC by placing it at each bus of the RDS one node at each iteration, excluding the swing bus, is studied by considering its impact on each bus of the radial network. The Power Loss Index (PLI) and Degree of Under Voltage Mitigation Node (DUVMN) values of all the buses are calculated analytically using distribution framework expressions of I-UPQC. Hence, the bus having the highest PLI value, and the minimum permissible node voltage is the most favourable. The determination of the candidate bus for I-UPQC was achieved by the load flow algorithm. The results obtained in this study on IEEE 33 and 69 bus system shows 3.9% and 4.2% power loss reduction respectively for both networks. Also, the minimum bus voltage was improved to 0.954 p.u. and 0.955 p.u. in each case for both networks, after the allocation of I-UPQC in RDS, compared to the base case. Consequently, the VA burden on shunt inverter was reduced by reactive power compensation of the series inverter. The results and simulation obtained in MATLAB / SIMULINK environment and discussion to support the concept developed are also presented. The results from the study confirmed that the concept of I-UPQC placement impacted the operation of RDS compared to the other connected UPQC model.
Minimally invasive pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) treatment in pediatric patients: A narrative review
Authors: Cerulo Mariapina , Turco Assunta , Esposito Ciro
Published: March 2022

Pilonidal sinus is a common disease of the natal cleft, which can lead to complications including infection and abscess formation. Various operative techniques are available options for the treatment of this pathology, but the ideal technique is still debatable. Analyzing the literature we found out that more recently minimally invasive approaches have been described. In particular, the mechanism of an endoscopic approach relies on the use of the endoscope without cutaneous tissue damage. Advantages include shorter operative time and time to discharge, which impact resource management in both primary and secondary care: patients undergoing endoscopic technique have a high satisfaction rate, probably due to the low level of postoperative pain and early return to daily activities. Published results of studies of newer approaches have demonstrated a lower short and long-term complication rate compared to open surgery. However, very poor reports are available in literature about pediatric population.
Are Abdominal Obese Metabolically Healthy Phenotype a Benign Condition? Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Doustmohamadian Soraya , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Momeni Marjan
Published: March 2022

Background:

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with severe health effects. Abdominal obesity has a strong association with metabolic dysfunction. A subgroup of people with central obesity has been identified without typical metabolic disorders associated with obesity that has been known metabolically healthy abdominal obese (MHAO). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the MHAO phenotype in the context of type 2 DM incidence, risk of cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause of mortality.

Methods:

This is a protocol of systematic review. We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. Additional studies will be identified through manual searching of reference lists. Quantitative studies evaluating abdominal obesity phenotype outcomes in adults will be included. Primary results will be assaying abdominal obesity phenotype results, including DM2 incidence, cardiovascular disease risk, and all-cause mortality. Two reviewers will independently screen full-text articles and abstract data.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion.

Results:

The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using appropriate tools. If feasible, we will conduct a random-effects meta-analysis. The researchers will also assess the quality of the articles independently based on Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Conclusions:

The results of this review will provide a useful reference for the effect of abdominal obesity on metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality
Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of NutriCHEQ in Iranian Toddlers
Authors: Tajalli Saleheh , Nia Hamid Sharif , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan , Hatefi Sayeh , Sayyar Aliakbar , Nabavizadeh Raheleh , Olang Beheshteh
Published: March 2022

Background:

Although poor dietary habits have a great effect on the health status of children, especially in toddlers, a few questionnaires exist for the assessment of dietary imbalances. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the NutriCHEQ in Iranian healthy toddlers.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, first, the NutriCHEQ was translated to Persian and culturally adapted by the forward–backward translation technique. In order to assess the face validity, we used a cognitive interviewing technique of 25 parents/caretakers of healthy toddlers. In the next step, experts assessed content validity, respectively. One item was removed during the content validity process. Then, a blueprint of NutriCHEQ was distributed among 156 parents/caretakers of healthy toddlers in different focal points in Tehran for assessing construct validity by nonlinear principal components analysis. In addition, the anthropometric indices checklist and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were filled out for toddlers. Then, construct validity was assessed. The Varimax rotation ran for two sections separately. The four-factor structure was confirmed.

Results:

The model showed a good fit, and all the extracted variance of four factors were satisfactory (F1 = 20.77; F2 = 22.30; F3 = 14.75; and F4 = 13.71). All of the extracted items of the NutriCHEQ in two parts showed 71.53% cumulative variance. For criterion-related validity, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the NutriCHEQ and Z-score (rho = 0.632, P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman result indicates 95% limits of agreement between the NutriCHEQ questionnaire and Z-score.

Conclusions:

Therefore, we concluded that NutriCHEQ is a valid, reliable, and convenient instrument to identify the Iranian toddlers’ nutritional status. Therefore, it can be used for research and clinical settings.
Control effect of structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in elderly patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis
Authors: DENG Jian-Hua , LI Xiu-Li , NIU Li-Li , LI Yuan-Yuan , ZHANG Jing , TANG Ling
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The objective of this study is to explore the clinical effects of structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in intervening elderly patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD).

Materials and Methods:

Totally, 66 elderly patients with IAD were randomly divided into the experiment group (32 cases) and control group (34 cases). The control group was given routine nursing care, while the experiment group was given a structured skin care plan. The observational course was 2 weeks. The treatment efficiency and healing time were compared between the two groups.

Results:

After 2-week intervention, the total effective rate of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group (97.1% vs. 78.1%, X
2 = 3.913, P = 0.048). The skin assessment tool score of the experiment group was lower than that of the control group (0.56 ± 1.58 vs. 1.75 ± 2.46, Z = −−2.401, P = 0.016). The healing time of the experiment group was shorter than that of the control group (7.29 ± 4.76 days vs. 10.69 ± 6.36 days, Z = −2.280, P = 0.026).

Conclusion:

The structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine showed a good effect in elderly IAD patients, and provided a reference for clinical treatment and care of elderly patients with IAD.
Improving the delivery of medical education in rural medical colleges
Authors: SHRIVASTAVA Saurabh RamBihariLal , SHRIVASTAVA Prateek Saurabh
Published: March 2022

It is a fact that in most of the rural settings, especially in low- and middle-income nations, the access to health care services and facilities is quite difficult. The primary reason for origin of this problem lies in the fact that a major proportion of medical professionals are not willing to serve in rural areas. This is in turn can be linked with the obvious geographical disparity in distribution of medical colleges in both rural and urban settings, with most of them being present in urban locations. In order to accomplish the vision to create a cadre of competent medical professionals, who are fit to work in the capacity of a primary health care physician, it is an indispensable requirement to sensitize and give adequate number of learning experiences pertaining to rural medical education. The process of planning and execution of rural medical education needs careful and systematic consideration, otherwise we will find ourselves short in achieving the intended learning outcomes. To conclude, rural medical education is an important aspect of the medical training. It is high time that all the stakeholders join their hands and work together to improve the competence level of medical students and play our part in the making of a community health physician.
Musculoskeletal problems and expressed practices of body mechanics among nursing officers at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: SAINI Subhash Kumar , PANDEY Vandna , KUMAR Ashok , ELHENCE Abhay
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The objective of the study was to identify musculoskeletal problems (MSPs) among nursing officers.

Materials and Methods:

A nonexperimental research design was used. Two hundred and seventy nursing officers were selected by purposive sampling technique. The standardized Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the MSPs and self-structured three-point rating scale was used to assess expressed practice of body mechanics of nursing officers.

Results:

The study findings revealed that 64.4% of nursing officers suffered from MSP such as ache, pain, and discomfort during the past 12 months and 43.7% during the past 7 days. The problem in the low back and the neck were highest 45.1% and 22.2%, respectively. This was followed by MSP of the upper back (14.0%), ankles (13.7%), knees (10.7%), shoulder (10.3%), hip/thighs (5.9%), wrists (4.4%), and elbows (3.3%). Around 49.2% complained that MSPs limit their work. There was significant association of MSP with selected personal variables like body mass index (P = 0.001) and family history (P = 0.02). There were also significant association of expressed practices of body mechanics with gender (P = 0.01), area of current work (P = 0.00), professional experience (P = 0.03) and physical activity (P = 0.00).

Conclusion:

The study indicates the large number of nursing officers had MSPs with the two most common sites being the lower back and the neck. This creates a need for prompt hospital education programs aimed to create awareness among nursing officers on the prevalence of MSPs.
Operations of school health program assessment at selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area, Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: OSIAN Eunice Amaechi , IGBINOBA Osagumwenro , OLORUNFEMI Olaolorunpo , AGBONKPOLOR Monday Ugiagbe
Published: March 2022

Background:

School health program (SHP) is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen. In spite of this, the adoption of SHP in developing countries is still below set standard. Therefore, this study assesses the operations of SHP in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area (LGA), Benin City, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with accidental sampling method to select 56 school health teachers from secondary schools in Egor LGA. A self-structured instrument was used to collect data based on the research objectives. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, means, and standard deviation.

Results:

This study showed that despite high level of the program awareness, the actualization of its objective was found to be poor, and this was found to be related with the lack of government support, lack of needed personnel and materials, lack of effective supervision of the program and inappropriate funding.

Conclusion:

In-service training on SHP should be provided to enhance the skills needed for implementation of SHP. The government should provide needed materials and equipment and employ competent health personnel to take charge of the school health services, and other policymakers should mobilize and strengthen SHP and education activities at the state.
Covishield™ (ChAdOx1) Vaccine Effectiveness and Epidemiological Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection among Frontline Workers during Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic, New Delhi
Authors: Maramraj Kiran Kumar , Ray Sougat , Roy Kaushik , Gopinath Ajit , Naidu Sudeep , Chawla Naveen
Published: March 2022

Background:

Frontline workers were the first cohorts vaccinated with Covishield™ (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine with dose-interval of 4–6 weeks. We evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of Covishield and studied epidemiological risk factors associated with COVID-19 during second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

We conducted a 1:3 case-control community-based study, as per WHO protocol. We identified case-patients from COVID-19 surveillance system and recruited controls from the same community as per the WHO protocol. Information was obtained through questionnaire; and all potential confounders were identified to evaluate VE.

Results:

We enrolled 243 case-patients and 712 controls. Adjusted VE of fully vaccinated was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53%–86%) against infection and 91% (95% CI: 78%–97%) against moderately severe disease. Pre-infection high-risk exposure events such as ccontact with COVID-19-positive patient, visit to a crowded place, and attending social-gathering in confined space were significantly associated with contracting infection, with odds ratios 10.1 (95% CI: 5.6–18.3), 6.0 (95% CI: 1.8–20.2) and 3.9 (95% CI: 1.4–10.5) respectively. The use of double-mask and past COVID-19 infection was 60% and 70% protective, respectively.

Conclusion:

Covishield vaccine is highly effective against infection and mainly against disease-severity during high-transmission settings. We recommend three-layer shield to minimize breakthrough and re-infections comprising of vaccination, double-masking, and avoiding “pre-infection high-risk exposure events.”
Choosing the Optimum Method of Treatment for Extra-Articular Distal Radius Colles' Type Fractures in Adult
Authors: Majhi Soumendra Kumar , Gupta Ashis Kumar , Das Sabyasachi , Maharaj Ramesh Chandra , Nanda Debi Prasad , Hansdah Laxman
Published: March 2022

Context:

Distal radius fractures are often encountered in orthopedic outpatient department, mostly managed with a below-elbow cast though malunion is the commonest known complication. Many researches had already been conducted comparing cast with various surgical methods; however, conclusive results yet to be ascertained. While choosing the treatment, we retrospectively analyzed the results of different methods to reach a conclusion.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 92 patients with unilateral extra-articular or partially articular distal radius fracture were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 2 years, 30 of which managed conservatively and 62 with various surgical techniques (plate 27, external fixation 24, and K-wires 11). Functional results were recorded by PRWE score and radiological union was assessed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Unpaired t-test was used for numerical value and Chi-square test for categorical values, and analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons among the groups.

Results:

PRWE pain score, PRWE functional score, and means of individual radiological parameters measurements did not show any significant association among the study groups, P > 0.05. However, Chi-square test of association showed a significant correlation between radiology and function, P < 0.001.

Conclusions:

There is no difference between surgical and nonsurgical methods as a whole so as to say which one is better, thus nonsurgical methods still hold a good option today and should be the first choice while dealing with such injuries. Anatomical reduction should always be tried irrespective of methods of treatment as excellent to good function was seen with undisplaced or minimally displaced or well-reduced fractures.
Indications of Implant Removal
Authors: Prashanth G. , Mahendra Kumar K. L. , Shivaprakash S. S. , Dushyantha M. C.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Metallic implant inserted for orthopedic fracture fixation may be removed for a variety of reasons. There is little consensus if such implant be removed routinely after fracture union. Hence, in our study, we would like to determine the indications for implant removal.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of all cases of implant removal at the Orthopaedic Department of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India, from January 2019 to December 2020. Relevant information of patients were extracted and analyzed.

Results:

The study included 217 patients; there are 161 males and 56 females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.87. The peak age group is 16–30 years with a mean age group of 36.2 years. Distal tibia/ankle (15.66%) is the most common site for implant removal. Tibia (35.4%) is the most common bone. Plates and screws (38.7%) is the most common implant. Patients' request (31.7%) is the most common indication followed by surgeon request (25.8%), prominent hardware (21.6%), infection (17.5%), and failure (3.4%). About 37.7% of implants were removed before 12 months.

Conclusion:

Patients' request was the most common indication as they wanted implant to be removed and long-term effects of internal implant were not known. Surgeon request is the second most common indication, especially in the pediatric age. Prominent hardware was the third most common indication group as implants were impinging. Infection and implant failure were the other mandatory indications for implant removal.
Some properties of the torsion function with Robin boundary conditions
Authors: Sannipoli Rossano
Published: March 2022

In this paper we study some properties of the torsion function with Robin boundary conditions. Here we write the shape derivative of the

L^{\infty}

and

L^p

norms, for

p\ge 1

, of the torsion function, seen as a functional on a bounded simply connected open set

\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n

, and prove that the balls are critical shapes for these functionals, when the volume of

\Omega

is preserved.
Betti numbers of Brill–Noether varieties on a general curve
Authors: Felisetti Camilla , Fontanari Claudio
Published: March 2022

We compute the rational cohomology groups of the smooth Brill–Noether varieties

G^r_d(C)

, parametrizing linear series of degree

d

and dimension exactly

r

on a general curve

C

. As an application, we determine the whole intersection cohomology of the singular Brill–Noether loci

W^r_d(C)

, parametrizing complete linear series on

C

of degree

d

and dimension at least

r

.
Uniform regularity for a density-dependent incompressible Gross–Pitaevskii–Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Fan Jishan , Nakamura Gen , Tang Tong
Published: March 2022

In this note, we prove uniform regularity estimates for a density-dependent incompressible Gross–Pitaevskii–Navier–Stokes system in

\mathbb{R}^n

.
The vaccination coverage rate in under-5 children in Nasiriyah, Iraq before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alhaddad Ali Rifaat , Ahmadnezhad Elham , Fotouhi Akbar
Published: March 2022

providOBJECTIVES:This study compared the vaccination coverage rate (VCR) in children under 5 years old in Nasiriyah, Iraq before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Nasiriyah in southeastern Iraq, with data collected from 79 primary healthcare facilities. This study evaluated the VCR in 3 periods (2018, 2019, and 2020) using multi-level random sampling. Pertinent data were extracted from the vaccination records of 598 children for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG); pentavalent 1, 2, and 3; measles; and activated oral poliovirus vaccine 1 and 2. Missing data were completed by telephone calls to participants’ parents. Logistic regression was applied to compare and estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between VCR and related factors.RESULTS: The data showed the greatest decline in the studied vaccines in 2020. Among the vaccines studied, BCG had the highest rate in all 3 periods (100% VCR) and measles had the lowest rate (83.7%), reaching 63.6% in 2020 (p<0.001). The highest OR among all types of vaccine were found for the pentavalent-3 vaccine among city dwellers and those born in 2020 (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.10 and OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 4.28, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: The VCR for children decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq, and new health policies are needed to increase the coverage rate. Improving the knowledge and attitudes of parents, as well as removing barriers or risk factors, can also be effective in improving the VCR.
Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort
Authors: Jeon Y.J. , Lee T.H. , Joo Y.H. , Cho H.J. , Kim S.W. , Park B. , Choi H.G.
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by sinonasal inflammation that lasts longer than 12 weeks. Whether the effect of chronic inflammation caused by CRS on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is similar to its effect on other inflammatory disorders has not been thoroughly evaluated. We aimed to demonstrate whether CRS patients have a higher prevalence of CVDs, including stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methodology: We compared the prevalence of various comorbidities between CRS and control participants through a case-control cohort study from 2002 to 2015 that included 514,866 participants. CRS (n=6,552) and control (n=26,208) participants who were over 40 years old were selected by matching age, sex, income, and area of residence at a 1:4 ratio. Results: A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of CRS for stroke and IHD. The HRs for stroke and IHD were significantly increased in CRS patients compared to controls after adjusting for obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. The HR of stroke was significantly higher in the absence of nasal polyps than in the presence of nasal polyps. The HR of IHD was significantly increased in the CRS group regardless of the presence of nasal polyps. Conclusions: This study showed that CRS participants had a significantly higher prevalence of stroke and IHD.