bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Agricultural Practices on Food Safety in Nigeria
Authors: Usman Aliyu
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of agricultural practices on food safety in Nigeria
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The influence of agricultural practices on food safety in Nigeria is significant, with traditional and modern methods impacting the safety and quality of food. The use of pesticides and fertilizers, often unregulated, can lead to residue accumulation in crops, posing health risks. Additionally, the prevalence of subsistence farming without proper sanitation measures can contribute to the contamination of food products. There is also concern about the spread of zoonotic diseases through livestock farming, exacerbated by inadequate veterinary services and poor handling practices.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social identity theory, stakeholder theory & norm activation theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the influence of agricultural practices on food safety in Nigeria. Promote the adoption of good agricultural practices (GAPs) and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies among farmers to minimize food safety risks at the production level. Advocate for the development and enforcement of robust food safety regulations and standards that encompass the entire agricultural supply chain.
Impact of Food Processing Techniques on Nutritional Content in Brazil
Authors: Fernando Luiz
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of food processing techniques on nutritional content in Brazil.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: In Brazil, studies show that food processing techniques affect nutritional content, with traditional methods like fermentation enhancing nutrient bioavailability, while modern methods like high-temperature cooking reduce vitamins and minerals. This impact raises concerns about the nutritional quality of the Brazilian diet, prompting a shift towards techniques that preserve nutritional value.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Maillard reaction theory, enzyme inactivation theory & degradation and retention theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the impact of food processing techniques on nutritional content in Brazil. Food manufacturers should strive to optimize processing techniques to minimize nutrient losses while achieving other objectives such as safety, taste, and texture. Policymakers should collaborate with industry stakeholders to develop evidence-based guidelines and standards for food processing.
Assessment of Food Processing Technologies on Allergen Reduction in United States
Authors: Williams Evelyn
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the assessment of food processing technologies on allergen reduction in United States.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Recent advancements in food processing technologies in the U.S. are focusing on reducing allergenicity in food products. Thermal methods are traditionally used, but novel nonthermal techniques, such as high-pressure processing and cold atmospheric plasma, are now being explored for their potential to create hypoallergenic products. These methods aim to modify allergenic proteins without using heat, which can preserve food quality while reducing allergen reactivity. Despite these advancements, ensuring the complete removal of allergens remains challenging, highlighting the ongoing need for robust detection and control strategies​.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Risk assessment theory, health belief model (HBM) & diffusion of innovations theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the assessment of food processing technologies on allergen reduction in United States. Implementing advanced food processing technologies focused on allergen reduction can revolutionize industry practices. Regulatory bodies could use empirical data from these assessments to set more precise guidelines and safety standards for allergen levels in food products.
Impact of Subsidy Removal on Smallholder Livestock Farmers' Productivity in Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Umar
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of subsidy removal on smallholder livestock farmers' productivity in Nigeria.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The impact of subsidy removal on smallholder livestock farmers in Nigeria resulted in both challenges and opportunities. Initially, it led to increased input costs and decreased profitability, but it also spurred innovation and efficiency improvements. However, limited access to credit and inadequate support structures hindered overall productivity. Tailored policy interventions are crucial to address these challenges and promote sustainable growth in the sector.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Public choice theory, theory of economic adjustment & dependency theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the impact of subsidy removal on smallholder livestock farmers' productivity in Nigeria. Cooperative farming models encourage resource pooling and collective action, reducing costs and enhancing market access. By tailoring subsidy reintroduction to the most vulnerable sectors, policies can be more targeted and efficient, ensuring optimal use of resources.
Effects of Grazing Regulations on Pasture Health in New Zealand
Authors: Taylor Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of grazing regulations on pasture health in New Zealand.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Grazing regulations in New Zealand have both positive and negative effects on pasture health. While well-managed regulations can enhance grass growth and prevent overgrazing, stringent rules may lead to underutilization and reduced biodiversity. Effective enforcement and farmer compliance are crucial for maximizing the benefits of grazing regulations, highlighting the need for a balanced approach that considers ecological sustainability and livestock management needs.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental determinism, resource dependence theory & ecological modernization theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the effects of grazing regulations on pasture health in New Zealand. Tragedy of the commons, ecological resilience theory & adaptive management theory
Influence of Climate Change Adaptation Policies on Sheep Farming Viability in Australia
Authors: Roberts Ethan
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of climate change adaptation policies on sheep farming viability in Australia.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Climate change adaptation policies in Australia have significantly influenced the viability of sheep farming in recent years. Research indicates that the implementation of targeted adaptation measures, such as improved pasture management and water conservation strategies, has helped mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on sheep farming viability. Studies have shown that farms adopting these policies have experienced higher survival rates of livestock and increased profitability compared to those without such measures. Additionally, government support programs aimed at assisting sheep farmers in implementing climate adaptation strategies have been instrumental in enhancing the resilience of the sector.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Adaptation theory in environmental economics, resilience theory & theory of planned behavior (TPB) may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Australia. The enhancement of breeding programs focuses on practical genetic advancements to create drought and heat-resistant sheep varieties, addressing direct climate impacts on livestock. By advocating for government and industry funding for genetic research, the recommendations influence policy towards investing in long-term solutions for climate resilience.
Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Acacia auriculiformis: A Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Properties and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Srivastava Shivangi , Singh Umesh Pratap
Published: May 2024

This review explores the pharmacological potential of Acacia auriculiformis, highlighting its diverse medicinal properties and therapeutic applications. Through a detailed analysis of experimental evidence, the study showcases the plant's efficacy in various health concerns. The plant exhibits significant wound healing, antifungal, antibacterial, antifilarial, antioxidant, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, chemoprotective, antimutagenic, CNS depressant, spermicidal, and cestocidal activities. The global interest in herbal medicine and the increasing utilization of A. auriculiformis underscore its importance in alternative healthcare approaches. The review emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the plant's pharmacological activities and to explore its potential clinical benefits. The findings suggest that A. auriculiformis holds promise as a source of therapeutic agents for a wide range of health conditions. Continued investigation into the bioactive compounds derived from the plant, along with clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety, could pave the way for the development of novel treatments. Overall, this review sheds light on the multifaceted medicinal properties of A. auriculiformis and its potential contribution to the field of herbal medicine and drug discovery.
DIREITOS HUMANOS, DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL E O ENSINO RELIGIOSO
Authors: Araújo Silvestre Armando
Published: May 2024

O Ensino Religioso contribui para a discussão sobre a diversidade das manifestações religiosas na escola diante da legislação vigente. A laicidade do Estado indica ele não é um Estado ateu e deve garantir a expressão religiosa, sem proselitismo e com respeito aos Direitos Humanos e às garantias constitucionais. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais definem um dos objetivos do Ensino Religioso: proporcionar conhecimentos sobre o direito à liberdade de consciência e de crença, no constante propósito de promoção dos Direitos Humanos, ofertando a orientação para a formação cidadã, como subsídio pedagógico para o debate mediado pelo educador do Ensino Religioso, sobre os limites da tolerância e da intolerância. O artigo apresenta um breve panorama da legislação para a disciplina a partir da concepção da laicidade do Estado, no campo educacional. Seu objetivo é demonstrar que um Estado laico não é um Estado ateu e deve garantir a expressão religiosa, sem proselitismo e com respeito aos DH em um cenário de diversidade religiosa. Metodologia: revisão documental acerca da legislação nacional no que tange à disciplina Ensino Religioso no país laico em que vivemos.
REAÇÕES ADVERSAS COMUNS OCASIONADAS PELA VACINAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Batista Thais de Sousa , Apurinã Geany Abreu Silva , Dos Santos Lauanda Tavares , Silva Lima da Costa Ruth
Published: May 2024

A vacinação infantil é uma conquista fundamental na saúde pública, entretanto, está associada a possíveis reações adversas. Objetivo: investigar as reações adversas comuns decorrentes da vacinação infantil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, com coleta de informações, nas bases de dados na National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PUBMED e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), de estudos publicados no período compreendido entre 2018 e 2023. Resultados: dez artigos foram identificados e selecionados para compor a amostra final. Os estudos revisados identificaram uma ampla gama de reações adversas associadas à vacinação infantil, incluindo náusea/vômito, febre, diarreia, dor abdominal, enterorragia, irritabilidade, intuscepção intestinal, erupção cutânea, edema neurovascular e hipotonia. Além disso, houve relatos de eventos mais raros, como reações alérgicas graves e eventos neurológicos. A frequência e os tipos de reações variaram entre os estudos e em relação às vacinas administradas, com variação na faixa etária das crianças afetadas, ressaltando a importância da vigilância em diferentes grupos etários.  Conclusões: Os resultados destacam a importância de monitorar e compreender as reações adversas associadas à vacinação infantil. Embora ela seja essencial para prevenir doenças infecciosas graves, é crucial garantir que os benefícios superem os riscos potenciais. O desenvolvimento contínuo de estratégias de vigilância e educação sobre vacinas pode ajudar a promover a confiança pública na imunização infantil e a maximizar seus benefícios para a saúde pública.
PRIMEIROS CUIDADOS COM A SAÚDE BUCAL E A ODONTOPEDIATRIA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ellysa Peroba Siqueira Paula , Marques Alencar Yanara , Aytla Rocha Araujo Tauanna
Published: May 2024

Este estudo visa, através da literatura científica, analisar a importância do tratamento odontológico na primeira infância, enfatizando a importância do pré-natal odontológico e possíveis mudanças e hábitos disfuncionais, e como políticas públicas podem ajudar a criança e seu responsável, juntos com o dentista. Após análise, foi constado que a presença do dentista é importante desde o início da gestação e desde os primeiros momentos de vida da criança, visando promover a saúde materno-infantil, garantindo equidade, integridade e universalidade por meio da atuação interdisciplinar e multiprofissional no atendimento. A base teórica para a condução deste estudo foi embasada em uma revisão de literatura utilizando como fontes de pesquisa as seguintes bases de dados: Scielo e Google Acadêmico, com os descritores: Odontopediatria, Saúde Bucal, Cárie, Primeira Infância. Os revisores (dois autores) avaliaram a necessidade de programas e ações de incentivo à saúde bucal entre crianças, famílias e professores que se destacou nos resultados da pesquisa. O planejamento de políticas ou programas de saúde oral na primeira infância tem-se revelado crucial, uma vez que a promoção de ações é crucial para todas as idades para garantir a melhoria da qualidade de vida e cuidados integrais às crianças.
THE RIGHT OF PALESTINIAN REFUGEES TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMELAND UNDER UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTION 194
Authors: BOUABDALLAH Dr. Saada
Published: May 2024

The United Nations has been concerned with the problem of Palestine refugees since its inception in 1948, especially after the resolution n°. 194. However, to what extent has this resolution been implemented, and what is the global stance regarding the Palestine refugee issue? The key issue that drives our research on this subject. It should be highlighted, however, that due to the particularities of the Palestinian refugee, the term "refugee" as used in international law did not apply to them. The definition of a "Palestinian refugee" as defined by UNRWA was developed with the intention of assessing eligibility for recipients of UNRWA aid, rather than being fixed on a single definition. Rather of focusing on the theoretical side, the many definitions of "Palestinian refugee" were intended to address a specific conflict. UNRWA's definition did not align with the definition often employed in international refugee law, nor did it encompass all refugees who were permitted to return to their homes as per General Assembly resolution 194. The 1948 and 1967 wars caused the Palestine refugees listed in resolution No. 194 to be uprooted from their homes and lands. The Israeli occupation authorities' refusal to acknowledge it as the source of the problem's emergence, however, is a contentious aspect of the problem itself. It also distinguishes between the 1967 war refugees, often known as displaced individuals, and the 1948 war refugees. Palestine refugees are still scattered throughout the globe even after the UN overwhelmingly decided to acknowledge their right of return. As long as the Palestinian refugee issue is still a topic for study, it will get worse and make it more difficult for many Palestinian people to flee their homes as a result of the direct conflict between Israel and Hamas that broke out on October 7, 2023. The Palestinian refugee issue remains a problem that is being studied.
THE RIGHT TO LEGITIMATE DEFENSE BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND PRACTICE IN THE PALESTINIAN AND ISRAELI CONFLICT
Authors: YOUSFI Dr. Safia
Published: May 2024

Following the flood Al-Aqsa on October 7, 2023, the Israeli- Palestinian conflict witnessed an unprecedented escalation in terms of Israel’s excessive use of force and the civilian casualties in Palestinian side. Furthermore, the majority of western countries aligned themselves with Israel under the pretext of its right to self defense. Israel and its allies have often resorted to this justification to justify repeated Israeli attacks on the Palestinian people. The Importance of researching this topic lies in the fact that legitimate self-defence is a right recognized by both international law and international humanitarian law. And it is a common denominator between the conflicting parties. Just as Israel invokes this right in its military operation, the Palestinian side also asserts right to self-defense using all available means. The objectives of the study can be summarized as follows: to research and explain the provisions related to legitimate self-defense in the united nations charter and its resolutions, as well as in the texts of Geneva Convention, particularly in the first additional protocol. This is done to understand the legal conditions and regulations associated with use of force in any conflict, which, when met, can exempt the practitioner from international responsibility. However, in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, given the defences in the legal positions of the two parties and in light of the conditions of legitimate self-defense the problem in this issue revolves around determining which party’s use force towards the other is considered a justified use falling within the realm of legitimate self defense? and what is the legal assessment of the other party using force outside the scope of legitimate self-defence?. To address this issue, this topic has been divided according to the following methodology : Firstly: the international legal system of to legitimate defense. 1- the legal basis for the right to legitimate defense. 2- conditions for the legitimacy of the right legitimate defence Secondly: legal evaluation of the use of in the Palestinian, Israel conflict under the pretext of legitimate defence. 1- the legal basis for Palestinian party’s right to legitimate defense. 2- the legal nature of Israel’s use of force against the Palestinian people
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND SELF-ESTEEM: A COMPLEX BILATERAL CORRELATION
Authors: Basheer ALASKAR Dr. Ohoud
Published: May 2024

Chronic medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) prove quite impactful, including self-esteem, which allows them to ensure their own tenacity. There are some contrasts in the correlation between MS and self-esteem that may involve extra variables or mediators, such as medications and depression, that enable specific correlation trajectories. While MS affects self-esteem directly, except when medications are involved and trigger depression influencing self-esteem, the reversal impact of self-esteem on MS is indirect, being assisted by depression, a transitional factor and condition, and it is only contributory in the sense that it does not cause MS to be available prior to the onset of depression. perpetuating the medical condition. Overall, the study shows different trajectories of the correlation between multiple sclerosis and self-esteem and MS persistence determinants like therapies, which allows tracing the impact of the medical condition and its possible extent. To do so, the cognitive model of Beck is applied, which centers on symptoms, including low self-esteem, which underpins depression. The model serves as an inspiration for the consideration of different causativeconsecutive connections between multiple sclerosis and self-esteem.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY INTERVENTION FOR AUTISTIC CHILDREN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TEACHERS AND PARENTS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN
Authors: Muhammad Amhamed AIFA Researcher Saada
Published: May 2024

The issue of early intervention has become a strong presence in the therapeutic and educational fields, and early intervention has become one of the prominent features in the care of people with disabilities at the present time and many countries have adopted this method in the prevention of disabilities. Very early, as early intervention contributes greatly to the rehabilitation, development, and integration of a person with autism into society, as studies and scientific experiments have proven that the development and improvement of the condition is much more if the child is subject to a highly structured and intensive educational program at an early age, hence The search problem arises. Accordingly, the research aims to identify the importance of early intervention for children on the autism spectrum at the Fezzan Autism Center in the city of Sabah, as well as to identify the impact of a variable (teachers - parents) on the importance of early intervention
LEADERSHIP STYLES PREVAILING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE TRIANGLE AREA IN THE PALESTINIAN INTERIOR, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE FROM THE TEACHERS' POINT OF VIEW
Authors: MASSALHA Dr. Muhammed
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to identify the leadership patterns prevailing among primary school principals in the Triangle area in the Palestinian interior, and their relationship to the organizational climate from the teachers' point of view, and the descriptive approach was used, as it is more suitable for such studies. The study relied on the questionnaire in data collection, a questionnaire was used to measure leadership styles (democratic style, autocratic style) dictatorship and the transmitter pattern) among primary school principals, and a questionnaire to measure the areas of organizational climate communication and communication, working conditions, organizational and administrative structure) among teachers. The study population consisted of all primary school teachers in the Triangle area in the Palestinian interior, numbering (2760) teachers, and the study sample consisted of (386) teachers. The results showed that the prevailing leadership style among primary school principals, in the triangle area in the Palestinian interior is the democratic pattern, and it came at a high level, and the results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables of gender and experience, the results also showed that the organizational climate came to a high degree, as well as The results showed a positive correlation between the democratic leadership style and the organizational climate, as it was found that the more the level of democratic leadership style prevails, the more positive the organizational climate becomes , and the results showed a negative correlation between the autocratic leadership style (dictatorship) and the organizational climate
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: KHABIYEV Assoc. Prof. Alibek
Published: May 2024

Resource management is crucial for ensuring quality education and research in higher education institutions. The higher education system in Kazakhstan has undergone various reforms to improve resource allocation and utilization. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of the current resource management system in Kazakhstan's higher education. The centralized governance model concentrates decision-making powers regarding resource allocation with the Ministry of Education and Science. This allows aligned strategic development and coordinated quality assurance across all higher education institutions. However, centralized control limits institutional autonomy and flexibility in resource utilization. The norms-based financing methodology promotes equitable distribution of resources based on objective workload indicators. But it overlooks qualitative outcomes and contextual requirements of individual institutions. The focus on per capita financing norms overlooks the need for optimal allocation across different expenditure heads. The analysis suggests that the resource management system has ensured stability and quality control in Kazakhstan's higher education system. However, there is a need for calibrated reforms to allow greater institutional autonomy along with accountability; balanced financing across different inputs; and linking resource allocation with qualitative outcomes. The recommendations include development of institutional leadership capabilities, clustered/differentiated approach to financing, linking funding with outcomes, and adoption of total quality management principles in resource governance.
THE PREVAILING LEADERSHIP STYLES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN HAIFA DISTRICT IN PALESTINE INTERIOR AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AMONG TEACHERS
Authors: ZAID Dr. Jamal
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to demonstrate the prevailing leadership styles among secondary school principals in Haifa District in the Palestinian interior and their relationship to the level of achievement motivation among teachers. The descriptive, correlational approach was used, as it is considered more appropriate for this type of study. The study relied on two questionnaires to collect data, the first related to the leadership styles of secondary school principals, and the second related to teachers’ achievement motivation. The study population consisted of all secondary school teachers in Haifa District in the Palestinian Interior, numbering (3193) male and female teachers. The study sample consisted of (398) male and female teachers, the results showed that the prevailing level of leadership style among secondary school principals in the Haifa District in the Palestinian interior is the democratic leadership style, followed by the autocratic style, while the transmission style came in last. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in leadership styles due to the variables of gender and experience. The results also showed that the level of achievement motivation among teachers was high, and that there were statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable, there are no statistically significant differences for the experience variable, and the results showed that there is a positive correlation between the democratic style and achievement motivation among teachers. The greater the democratic style, the greater their achievement motivation, and the absence of a correlation between the autocratic style and achievement motivation among teachers. The results also showed the existence of a relationship, there is a negative correlation between the improvisational style and teachers’ achievement motivation. the greater the transmission style, the lower the teachers’ achievement motivation
THE SOCIAL STATUS OF GREEK WOMEN IN THE HELLENISTIC ERA (ATHENS AS AN EXAMPLE)
Authors: Ibrik Momen AL-HASSI Dr. Attia
Published: May 2024

When the situation in Greece shanged the beginning of the Hellenistic era, the city-state system has fallen, and the transformation of cities and their residents into the status of subordination to the great political powers of that time. Athens maintained some independence, which had an impact on the family and community. Women in the Hellenistic era, especially Athenian women, suffered from some unjust laws that were enacted by the famous legislator and politician Demetrius of Phalerum, which had a bad impact on the social status of women. However, these laws were soon repealed, and women relatively regained some of their independence. The research focuses on the problems of Greek women in Athens and the Greek world, including education, which is one of the important topics. The extent of freedom they enjoyed and the prominent social status that some women obtained, while showing examples of women who distinguished themselves in various social fields. The research paper also presents some social and economic problems for Greek women in general in the Hellenistic era, as well as the problem of population and wars and their impact. The status of Athenian women compared to the status of women throughout the Hellenistic world
PROVISIONS OF FINANCIAL JURISPRUDENTIAL RULES DERIVED FROM THE QUR’AN AND SUNNAH ACCORDING TO JURISTS
Authors: Muhammad Hussein Ahmed AL-TAMIMI Dr. Hanaa
Published: May 2024

In the name of God, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of God, his family, his companions, and those who follow him until the Day of Judgment. Now that the jurisprudential rules are comprehensive issues that include many partial jurisprudential topics that help jurists, judges, and people in general in arriving at the legal rulings that are obligatory for humans. The jurisprudential rule is not a stand-alone guide, but is derived from established legal evidence. Therefore, the origin and source of the rule varies according to the difference in the evidence. From which it was derived, and the rule gains strength or weakness according to this source from which it was derived. I will adopt the jurisprudential rules derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah that deal with financial transactions, since money is the backbone of life, and the jurisprudence of financial transactions came to clarify what is permissible from what is forbidden, establish Islamic rules and principles in preventing deception and fraud, price goods according to the economic conditions of the country, and prevent illegal usurious interest and other unjust life transactions. Establishing a society in which justice and equality prevail in the use of rights... I devoted the research to the jurisprudential rules related to money and its transactions, since in Islamic jurisprudence it is everything that is traditionally considered money, or what is owned of all things. According to the majority of imams of jurisprudence, it is: everything that can be possessed and used, whether it is an in-kind, a benefit, or a commercial offer. Among the jurisprudential rules derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah related to financial transactions are: the rule of “sheep by loss,” the rule of “actions are but by intentions,” and the rule of “neither harm nor harm.”
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS IN CONTEMPORARY SCULPTURE IN IRAQ
Authors: Abdu Lhsan Abd Ali ALJASHEAMIU Dr. Khawlah , Eesa Kadhim AJAM Dr. Inam
Published: May 2024

The use of raw materials in contemporary sculpture is a practice aimed at maintaining indicators of the development of work in the field of art. A variety of materials are used in the manufacture of contemporary sculpture, and this includes the use of sustainable wood obtained from well-established forests that contribute to the availability of a variety of Wood sources, in addition, the possibility of using recycled materials such as iron, glass and recycled plastic in unique construction work, all in reducing loss and making better use of available resources. It includes the research of the problem, importance, goals, limits of the research and its methodology, the research objectives, the search for products, results, recommendations, suggestions and sources, where the main options in contemporary sculpture are with the questions: What are the materials that have the ability to survive and endure, and is the artwork affected by various environmental factors such as resistance to water, humidity, heat and light? ? The importance of research and the need for it is to shed light on many of the materials that can be used by students, including sports waste wood, environmental glass, organic patents such as wool and reeds, and since with materials, it reflects an awareness of multiple issues and continues to capture the masses and find creative solutions. challenges, and artists can experience joint creative work through the use of important or shared materials. The aim of the research is to use functional materials in contemporary sculpture that reflects concern for the environment and natural influences. Artists exploit re-engineered materials and other basic elements, especially wood, as they participate in Awareness of the issues. The research also includes the opening words, which were represented by sustainability linguistically, terminologically, and procedurally, as well as language, terminologically, and procedurallyب
ARABIC LANGUAGE, LOGIC AND CIVILIZATION, ANY BRIDGE TO CROSS?
Authors: BOUAYAD Dr. Sabah , REDOUANE Dr. Assia
Published: May 2024

Thinking and using reasoning are proofs of mental engagement by an individual, whose intellect varies, and whose share of it fluctuates according to its development through knowledge and enrichment with sciences. Hence, the connection between language and the mind is evident, and the connection between the mind and knowledge is necessary or theoretical within an interactive relationship. Objectives: This study aims to explore the relationship between the mind and language, examine the connection between language and logic, investigate the relationship between logic, philosophy, and sciences among Moroccan scholars, and analyze the impact of language, knowledge, and philosophy on civilization. Research question: What is the role of logic in shaping the scientific mind of Moroccan scholars? What is the impact of logic on their language when classifying sciences and delving into the reasonable and transmitted aspects of arts? Outline: The research will attempt to reveal the impact of logic on scholars, and its impact on shaping their language and knowledge through the following axes. 1.The role of logic in shaping the scientific language of Moroccan scholars. 2.Uses of logic in definitions, boundaries, and sciences. 3.The reflection of language, knowledge, and logic on civilization.
PHIC DESIGN CONNOTATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Authors: Shafi Abdul SADA Ms. Rasha , Abbas MOHAMMED Mr. Ahmed
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the benefit of graphic design in awareness campaigns promoting sustainable tourist destinations and to determine its contribution to the success of campaigns in terms of increasing the protection of natural and economic resources of the destination. The study applies semiotics to the field of social marketing to build a conceptual model that links graphic design of a campaign with public environmental awareness and destination preservation. The aim is to preserve the natural environment and pastoral activities, and that the semiotics of graphic design affects public environmental awareness. This innovative framework for graphic design can be adapted to marketing campaigns or other brands to improve the images of destinations. Tourism activities are closely linked to the environment. It is important to increase awareness among tourists, local residents, and stakeholders about the importance of adopting sustainable practices to ensure the sustainability of the tourism industry and the preservation of local resources. This is crucial in enhancing the reputation and competitiveness of tourist destinations. The increasing demand for new tourist experiences has led to the popularity of natural areas as tourist destinations, offering unique and authentic experiences for visitors seeking to escape their daily routine. The research consists of three chapters. The first chapter addresses the research methodology, which is the study of the effectiveness of these indicators in this context and how to improve them to support environmental awareness campaigns for sustainable
WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED COUNTRIES FOR THE PERIOD (2000-2020)
Authors: Ahmed OMAR Prof. Dr. Dina
Published: May 2024

Women's empowerment and economic development are closely linked in one direction. Only development can play a major role in reducing inequality between men and women. In the other direction, empowering women may benefit development. The relationship between empowerment and development is reciprocal and a continued commitment to equality per se may be needed to achieve equality between men and women. This study examines the economic empowerment of women in selected Arab countries (Iraq, Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Arab Republic of Egypt and Algeria) during the period (2000-2020) using the ordinary least squares method. In this study, we reviewed the concept and factors that affect women’s empowerment. Which in turn affects all other variables in these countries, the most important of which are the political and social aspects. For the purpose of knowing the factors affecting the economic empowerment of women, the study adopted the quantitative method to estimate these factors, which are (the ratio of women’s enrollment in secondary education to males, the average life expectancy at birth for males). females, fertility rate, per capita GDP). The results of the study found that the most important factors influencing the economic empowerment of women in most Arab countries are health, the ratio of women’s enrollment in secondary education to males, average life expectancy at birth for males and females, and the per capita GDP, whose effect was significant and positive, while it was found that the fertility rate It appeared morally and negatively
IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT METHODS AND THEIR IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL HAPPINESS / ANALYTICAL RESEARCH IN THE MIDDLE EAST BANK
Authors: Sabah IBRAHIM Dr. Maha
Published: May 2024

The research aims to identify impression management methods represented by (selfpromotion, flattery and appreciation of others, showing the need for help, role model, coercion) and their impact in organizational happiness and through its dimensions represented by (job satisfaction, satisfaction with work-life balance, employee well-being) in The Iraqi Middle East Investment Bank is the place where the research was applied. Accordingly, the hypothetical plan for the research was designed, which embodies the relationship between the research variables, and through testing the hypothesis that shows the extent of the impact of impression management methods on creating organizational happiness in the researched bank. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted through analyzing the data. Finance for the period (2018-2021), and the research reached a number of results, namely that impression management methods have a significant impact on organizational happiness in the workplace
THE PREVALENCE OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES IN BASIC EDUCATION TEACHERS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS FACTORS WITHIN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN
Authors: bin Salim bin Abdullah AL-KAHALI Dr. Khalfan
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to identify the multiple intelligences of teachers of basic education schools and their relationship to some variables in the Sultanate of Oman and to identify the differences according to the variables of gender،experience and educational qualification. The study sample consisted of (200) male and female teachers. The researcher used the descriptive method، where the researcher applied a questionnaire as a data collection tool consisting of (66) items distributed in eight axes: linguistic intelligence, personal intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, social intelligence، spatial intelligence, musical intelligence, natural intelligence, motor physical intelligence. To answer the study questions، the researcher used the analysis of arithmetic averages and standard deviations. The results of the study showed that the most prevalent types of intelligence among teachers of basic education schools were in descending order (spatial intelligence, social intelligence, natural intelligence, logical intelligence, physical intelligence، linguistic intelligence، musical intelligence). The results of the study also showed that the most prevalent types of multiple intelligences among (male) teachers of basic education schools. It came in descending order (natural intelligence, spatial intelligence, linguistic intelligence، personal intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, motor musical intelligence, social intelligence، motor physical intelligence), and the results of the study also showed that the most prevalent types of multiple intelligence prevalent among (female) teachers of basic education schools were in descending order (spatial intelligence, personal intelligence، social intelligence, motor physical intelligence, logical intelligence، linguistic intelligence، natural intelligence، kinetic musical intelligence). The results of the study also showed that there
THE ROLE OF SCHOOL LEADERSHIP IN DEVELOPING CREATIVITY AMONG GOVERNMENTAL SCHOOL TEACHERS IN BETHLEHEM CITY IN PALESTINE FROM THEIR POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Said Jibreen AL-HASANAT Researcher. Aseel , Khaleel Ahmad IHMAID Researcher. Munira
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to know the role of school leadership in developing creativity among governmental school teachers in Bethlehem city in Palestine from their point of view, and to determine whether there are statistically significant differences between the respondents' attitudes that can be attributed to the variable of gender, academic degree, or years of experience. The analytical descriptive approach was followed, and the researcher prepared a questionnaire to collect data, and the validity and reliability of the tool were examined. A random sample of (50%) was chosen from the study population represented by all 164 teachers of governmental schools in the city of Bethlehem.The study showed that school leadership plays a major role in developing the creativity among governmental school teachers in Bethlehem city from the teachers' point of view, Where the sample responses came to a large degree, and it also showed that there were no statistically significant differences that could be attributed to the study variables, with the exception of the years of experience variable, where the differences were statistically significant in favor of the category of ten years or more compared to the category of five years or less. The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to select aware school leaders who believe in the importance of creativity, and for this leadership to benefit from teachers with experience in developing their creativity
SCHOOL TEACHER-PRINCIPAL RELATIONSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON THE TOTAL QUALITY IN NABLUAS GOVERNORATE FROM THE TEACHERS' POINT OF VIEW
Authors: ABDELFATTAH Researcher. Masudah
Published: May 2024

The study aimed at the relationship of school teachers with their principals and its impact on the total ideatifying in Nablus Governorate from the point of view of teachers, and to identify the role of the variables of gender, educational qualification and the science of residence and experience In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher followed the quantitative descriptive approach and the qualitative descriptive approach, and used the questionnaire as a quantitative tool consisting of (51) items divided into four categories. It was applied to the study population consisting of (5250) male and female teachers, and a random sample of (362) male and female teachers was selected, and (7) female teachers were interviewed.The results showed that the reality of the school teachers' relationship with their principals and its impact on the total quality in Nablus governorate was of a high degree . Also, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the teachers' responses towards the reality of school teachers' relationship with their principals and its impact on the overall quality in Nablus governorate due to the gender variable in favor of male , On the contrary, there were no statistically significant attributed to the variable of educational qualification, years of experience and place of residence.The study concluded with the following recommendations based on the results, including: working on developing a model for strategic management to address problems after seeking teachers’ opinions, and working on adopting a system of strategic planning for total quality that commensurates with the needs of teachers
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG PEOPLE RECOVERING FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: ESSAKI Researcher. Said
Published: May 2024

This study aims to know the correlation between the degree of social support and the level of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among people recovering from the emerging coronavirus epidemic. The study was conducted on a sample of 102 individuals, who recovered from this virus, including 51 males and 51 females, who were distributed to..., Three categories included a first category (from 20 to 30 years), a second category (from 30 to 40 years), and a third category (from 40 years and above). The two social support scales of Zimet (1988), and the anxiety scale were applied to the sample members, Davidson's Aftershock (1995), The importance of this study lies in identifying the concept of social support as it provides the individual with a basic mechanism and an effective role in preventing various psychological disorders resulting from the pressures and crises that obstruct the individual’s life in general, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to help the statistical centers in quantifying the psychological effects left by this epidemic, So that these centers can develop rehabilitation and awareness programs aimed at psychological support and guidance, and thus develop effective plans aimed at prevention and appropriate treatment, The results of this study concluded that there is a high level of social support among the sample members, as well as the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the degree of social support and the level of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in the sample studied. Its results also concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the deg