bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel approach for weighted average filter and guided filter based on tunnel image enhancement
Authors: Rajpoot Vikram , Mannepalli Praveen Kumar , Choubey Shruti Bhargava , Sohoni Parag , Chaturvedi Prashant
Published: June 2020

Image enhancement (IE) is a common thing we use to get better results from previous imagery. This image enhancement is not only used by us, but it is implemented in many fields. Such as implementation in the military field, medical field, legal field, industry field, entertainment field, and much more. The main use of IE in each field is to get clear information. Pedestrian detection is an essential way of support in current traffic management. Traditional pedestrian detection error & miss detection rates are high owing to irregular lighting, dim tunnel atmosphere, and blurred controlled picture, making subsequent identifying hard. A rapid image enhancement (FIE) algorithm founded on picture model restriction is therefore suggested in this document and reduced to the pedestrian region of interest (ROI) in the pavement close the road under highway tunnel (HT) scene. First, the technique used to assess the local atmospheric light (LAL) by combining global atmospheric light (GAL) and partitioned atmospheric light (AL). Second, the transmission is predicted to be founded on the plan obtained as of the image model’s constraints. The third is for balancing tunnel illumination, the technique utilizes steady instead of illumination. Lastly, the picture of the tunnel is improved by the picture model. Moreover, we propose a narrowing region approach for improving the overall computing performance, due to the real-time requirements of the algorithm. Taking account of the highway tunnel features, which are a blurred scene and difficult to identify from the context, we use a multi-function integration approach to detect the enhanced image. We described a novel filter in this article that is commonly used in computer vision & graphics. Guided algorithm filter is MATLAB simulated. Results of the experimental and comparative assessment indicate that the suggested technique can quickly and efficiently enhance the picture of the tunnel and highly enhance the impact of pedestrian detection.
Multi-granularity pruning for deep residual networks
Authors: Huang Yangke , Wang Zhiming
Published: June 2020

Network pruning has been widely used to reduce the high computational cost of deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs). The dominant pruning methods, channel pruning, removes filters in layers based on their importance or sparsity training. But these methods often give limited acceleration ratio and encounter difficulties when pruning CNNs with skip connections. Block pruning methods take a sequence of consecutive layers (e.g., Conv-BN-ReLu) as a block and remove entire block each time. However, previous methods usually introduce new parameters to help pruning and lead additional parameters and extra computations. This work proposes a novel multi-granularity pruning approach that combines block pruning with channel pruning (BPCP). The block pruning (BP) module remove blocks by directly searches the redundant blocks with gradient descent and leaves no extra parameters in final models, which is friendly to hardware optimization. The channel pruning (CP) module remove redundant channels based on importance criteria and handles CNNs with skip connections properly, which further improves the overall compression ratio. As a result, for CIFAR10, BPCP reduces the number of parameters and MACs of a ResNet56 model up to 78.9% and 80.3% respectively with <3% accuracy drop. In terms of speed, it gives a 3.17 acceleration ratio. Our code has been made available at https://github.com/Pokemon-Huang/BPCP.
WITHDRAWN
Authors: Doe Jane
Published: June 2020

The document associated with this DOI has been withdrawn.
El trabajo humano, clave de la cuestión social
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

.
Tecnología y trabajo humano
Authors: Martín de Nicolas Juan
Published: June 2020

.
Actitud ética ante el desempleo y la ciencia económica
Authors: Gomez Camacho Francisco
Published: June 2020

.
Expression of Ki-67 and CD34 on blood and bone marrow cells of CML patients with different response to imatinib and nilotinib therapy
Authors: Perekhrestenko T. , Melnyk U. , Goryainova N. , Diagil I.
Published: June 2020

Summary. Aim: To assess the expression of Ki-67 protein and CD34 antigen on peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients with different response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) imatinib (IM) and nilotinib (NI) therapy. Patients and Methods: BM aspirate and PB samples from 41 CML patients treated with IM and NI were studied by cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and flow cytometry methods. According to the response to TKIs, the patients were distributed into the optimal response, warning, and treatment failure groups. Results: The patients with optimal response to TKI therapy showed the lowest levels of Ki-67 expression in PB and BM compared with the patients from warning and falure treatment groups, however, Ki-67 expression was close to the reference values in PB (0.7 ± 0.3)%, only in NI-treated patients, The highest expression of Ki-67 in PB was observed in patients from treatment failure groups. In PB of patients who received NI and did not achieve optimal response, CD34+ cell count increased by almost 4 times compared with that in the optimal response group. The results indicated that CD34+ cell pool expanded in patients with poor response to both IM and NI. In patients with optimal response to NI therapy, CD34+ cell counts in PB were within the reference range ​​and did not exceed 0.5%. Similar results were observed for Ki-67 and CD34+ in BM hematopoietic cells. Conclusions: Ki-67 expression and CD34+ cell count in PB and BM of CML patients increased with the acquisition of clonal resistance to IM and NI. NI provides a deeper molecular response compared with IM.
Kabilesini İslam'la Şereflendiren Sahabî; Tufeyl Bin Amr Ed-Devsî
Authors: SAĞLAM Nevzat
Published: June 2020

Hz. Peygamber vahye muhatap olduktan sonra aile efradından başlamak üzere yakınlarını ve mensubu olduğu Kureyş kabilesini İslam'a davete başlamıştır. Ancak Kureyş kabilesinin ileri gelenleri onun davetini kabul etmedikleri gibi İslam'ın yayılmasına engellemek için de büyük bir gayret için girmişlerdir. Özellikle hac, umre veya ticaret için Mekke'ye gelenleri karşılayarak Hz. Peygamberle görüşmemeleri ve sözlerine kulak vermemeleri konusunda uyarıda bulunmuşlardır. Mecnun, kâhin ve sihirbaz gibi iftiralarla da sözlerine itibar edilmemesine çalışmışlardır.
Bir gün Mekke'ye Yemen'den Tufeyl bin Amr ed-Devsî isimli putperest bir şahıs gelmiştir. Kureyşliler daha önceden tanıdıkları ve kabilesi içinde saygınlığı olduğunu bildikleri Tufeyl'i baba ile oğlu, eşleri ve kardeşleri birbirinden ayırdığını dile getirerek Hz. Peygamberi dinlememesi ve onunla konuşmaması hususunda ikaz etmişlerdir. Kureyş müşriklerinin ısrarları üzerine kulaklarına pamuk tıkayan Tufeyl bin Amr, doğruyu yanlıştan, güzeli çirkinden ayırt edebilecek kabiliyete sahip olduğunu düşünerek, Hz. Peygamberi dinlemiş ve duyduğu güzel sözler karşısında Müslüman olmuştur.
Bu çalışmada Tufeyl bin Amr'ın Mekke'ye gelip Müslüman olduktan sonra başta aile efradı olmak üzere kabilesini İslam'a daveti, Hz. Peygamberle beraberliği ve Yemame Savaşı'nda şehit olmasına kadar geçen hadiseler ele alınmıştır.
Kur'an'a Göre Hz. Peygamber'in Bilgisinin Sınırları
Authors: CANİKLİ İlyas
Published: June 2020

Vahiy gelmeye başladığı andan itibaren gerek Kur’an ve sünnet merkezli ve gerekse başka bilgi kaynakları esas alınarak Hz. Peygamber’in bilgisinin sınırlarının neler olduğu ya da olabileceği konusunda çeşitli görüşler ileri sürülmüştür. Bu tartışmaların belli platformlarda günümüzde de devam ettiği müşahede edilmektedir.
Sözü edilen tartışmalara Kur’an temelli bakıldığında Hz. Peygamber’in bilgisinin sınırları konusunda bir karışıklığın olmadığını söylemek mümkündür. Ancak Kur’an-hadis ilişkisi göz önüne alındığında hadislerin Hz. Peygamber’e aidiyeti konusundaki kafa karışıklığının yaşadığımız dönemde de devam ettiği bilinen bir husustur. Bu durumun kanaatimize göre değişik sebepleri mevcuttur.
Kur’an ve yaşanan hayattan uzak bir Peygamber tasavvurunun üzerine inşa edilen ve onun her şeyi bildiği ön kabulü, hadislerin sübutundan delaletine kadar birçok konuda temel sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu makale ile Rasullullah’ın bilgi sınırları hakkında sağlıklı bir Peygamber anlayışı ve tasavvurunun önündeki engellerin kaldırılması ve bu konudaki temelsiz kanaatlerin bertaraf edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Encyclopedism in Anatomy of Melancholy
Authors: Wong Samuel G.
Published: June 2020

This paper considers the implications of Burton's "encyclopedism" defined here as the condition of a work where writing is a form of therapy compelled by disease. The notion of encyclopedism suggests the ways in which the encyclopedia serves as a compendious alter-ego to Burton's book. Reading Anatomy in the context of an encyclopedic tradition transformed by Burton's insistence that his writing is a "foolish labor" intended to ward off melancholy reminds us how fully he reimagines the Renaissance aesthetic of scholarly exhaustion. In this regard, Burtonian anatomy may be said to offer an alternative, playful and subversive, to the encyclopedic claims of Baconian instauration.
Toll like receptors agonists-based nanomedicines as veterinary immunotherapies
Authors: Parra Federico L , Morilla María J , Romero Eder L
Published: June 2020

Many infections affecting animals enter across mucosa, needing of secretory immunity to reject the disease; protection against some pathogens must be early, fast, and specifically elicited, while from others must be wide enough to fight against variable serotypes. Today, however, most veterinary vaccines are injectable (not recommended for chicken and small fishes), aimed to control clinical signs instead of eradicating the disease and poor inducers of secretory immunity. These drawbacks are compensated by vaccination with live attenuated agents, by using potentially toxic oily adjuvants and with indiscriminate use of antibiotics. In this review, the benefits of commercial and experimental nanomedicines acting as immunostimulants and vaccine adjuvants made of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists loaded in nanoparticles (NP-TLR agonists), are presented. NP-TLR agonists induce a magnified, site-limited triggering of innate immunity; also allow modifying the administration route from injectable to mucosal or nebulized, provide structural protection to TLR agonists and avoid their diffusion far from the administration site. Future implementation of immunotherapies based on NP-TLR agonists will be discussed as a function of scale production feasibility.
Elevated circulating endothelin-1 as a potential biomarker for high-risk COVID-19 severity
Authors: Farhangrazi Z Shadi , Moghimi S Moein
Published: June 2020

There is a disproportionately higher rate of adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients of male sex, select ethnicity, and individuals with obesity and those that tend to have endothelial dysfunction (e.g., hypertensives, diabetics and individuals with coronary heart disease and respiratory system diseases). Endotheliitis across vascular beds of multiple organs, thrombosis and ischaemia are among common pathological features of severe COVID-19 cases. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent vasoconstrictor of the human cardiovascular system and a culprit of endothelial dysfunction. Elevated circulating ET-1 levels are a predictor of cardiovascular disease status and have been correlated with racial/ethnic differences in microvascular and macrovascular diseases severity and prognosis as well as with old age associated endothelial dysfunction. Here, we propose elevated circulating ET-1 levels as a plausible biomarker and prognostic tool in predicting individuals at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. In addition to this, we also propose ET-1 gene variants and expression patterns might also cause predisposition for an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection severity in some individuals and/or populations.

READ THE ARTICLE (https://doi.org/10.33218/001c.13525)
Stereotypes and Prejudices in Communication between Chinese Ethnic and Indigenous Moslem in Medan City, North Sumatra Province – Indonesia
Authors: Suwardi Lubis  , Riza Buana
Published: June 2020

There are still elements of stereotypes and prejudices, which cause social distance and become obstacles to the harmonization of relations between indigenous Moslem and Chinese ethnic in Medan city. Stereotypes are characterized by a variety of labels from each ethnic group, namely: Like to group; strong family ties; rude and arrogant; aggressive and ignorant of customs; like to steal; cunning and breaking promises; poorly educated; tenacious and likes to work hard; ethnic prejudice is expressed in various forms, namely: anti-residence; avoidance; discrimination; Intercultural communication between them which ultimately did not take place effectively, where each ethnic group still retains its ethnic identity and does not want to understand the culture of other ethnic groups. The communication that is intertwined ultimately is only pseudo, rigid and shallow. Stereotypes and prejudices are the main obstacles that cause among other things the existence of social distance and the difficulty of assimilation that inhibits the integration of society in the city of Medan and the Indonesian nation as a whole.
MARKA PRESTİJİ VE MARKA KREDİBİLİTESİNİN TÜKETİCİ TEMELLİ MARKA DEĞERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: AVCI Murat , KESER Ercan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, marka prestiji ve marka kredibilitesinin, tüketici temelli marka değeri üzerindeki etkisinin tespit edilmesidir. Araştırmanın kapsamını, Diyarbakır ilinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzerindeki GSM operatörü kullanıcıları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yönteminden yararlanılarak yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle toplam 494 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, frekans dağılımı, güvenilirlik analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, varyans analizi ve regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analizlerin yapılmasında Lisrel 8.51 ve SPSS 22.0 paket istatistik programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada gerçekleştirilen regresyon analizleri sonucunda marka prestijinin ve marka kredibilitesinin tüketici temelli marka değerini oluşturan marka sadakati, marka farkındalığı, marka çağrışımı ve algılanan kalite boyutları üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönde bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte uygulanan varyans analizleri sonucunda cevaplayıcıların GSM operatörü kullanma süreleri açısından marka prestiji, marka kredibilitesi ve tüketici temelli marka değeri boyutlarına ilişkin düzeyleri arasında istatistiki yönden anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
DENİZLİ-ATATÜRK VE ETNOGRAFYA MÜZESİ’NDEKİ GÜMÜŞ TAKILARIN SERGİLEME KOŞULLARI VE KORUMA ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: KOYUNCU OKCA Ayşegül , ERTEN Gizem
Published: June 2020

Müzeler, yaşayan ve yaşamış toplumların kültürel kimliklerini yansıtırken, bu değeri tanımlama ve tanıtmanın yanında dış etkenlere karşı muhafaza etmeyi de amaçlamaktadır. Anadolu gibi pek çok uygarlığa ev sahipliği yapmış bir coğrafyada Etnografik değerler ve bu değerlerin yansımalarını barındıran etnografya müzeleri Anadolu kültürünün bel kemiğini oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışma, Denizli Atatürk ve Etnografya Müzesi’nde sergilenen gümüş takılar ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Denizli Müze Müdürlüğü’nden alınan izin çerçevesinde eserlerin envanter kayıtları incelenerek çalışma için belirlenen gümüş takıların tanımı, hammaddesi, müze koleksiyonuna dahil edilme tarihlerine ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında etnografik gümüş takılar, tipolojik özellikleri bakımından benzer örnekler ile karşılaştırılarak dönemsel özellikleri ortaya konmuştur. Gümüş takıların sergileme koşulları göz önünde bulundurularak bozulma durumları, bozulmaya sebep olan etkenler ve bozulma süreci hızlandıran faktörler gözlemlenerek önleyici koruma önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Checklist de Convolvulaceae da Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
Authors: Silva Flavia Katarine da , Paz Joicelene Regina Lima da , Moreira André Luiz Costa
Published: June 2020

Convolvulaceae compreende ca. 60 gêneros e 1.880 espécies, ocupa ambientes diversificados nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, com poucos representantes nas zonas temperadas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar a diversidade taxonômica das Convolvulaceae ocorrentes na Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília (EEJBB), uma área de cerrado que apresenta alta diversidade de espécies, ampliando assim o conhecimento da família. Os espécimes foram analisados a partir das coleções depositadas nos herbários: CEN, HEPH, IBGE e UB. Na EEJBB, foram registradas 28 espécies de Convolvulaceae, distribuídas em seis gêneros: Cuscuta (1 espécie), Distimake (6 spp.), Evolvulus (3 spp.), Ipomoea (12 spp.), Jacquemontia (5 spp.) e Turbina (1 sp.). Os nossos resultados ampliam a lista de espécies da família na área e uma nova ocorrência de Cuscuta para o Distrito Federal, bem como reforçam a importância da EEJBB como área de conservação urbana de destaque para a flora de Convolvulaceae e do cerrado.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Situation and Predicting the Distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti as Vectors of Leishmaniasis in Ardabil Province, Iran
Authors: Khamesipour Ali , Molaei Soheila , Babaei-Pouya Navid , Moradi-Asl Eslam
Published: June 2020

Cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis.CL caused by L. major and L. tropica is endemic in 17 provinces of Iran. This study was carried out to elucidate situation of CL in Ardabil province and to predict distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae) as vectors of CL in the region. In this cross-sectional study, data on CL patients were collected from local health centers of Ardabil province, Iran during 2006-2018 to establish a geodatabase using ArcGIS10.3. A total of 20 CL cases were selected randomly and skin samples were collected and analyzed by PCR method. MaxEnt 3.3.3 model was used to determine ecologically suitable niches for the main vectors. A total, 309 CL human cases were reported and the highest incidence rate of disease was occurred in Bilasavar (37/100,000) and Germi (35/100,000). A total of 2,794 sand flies were collected during May to October 2018. The environmentally suitable habitats for P. papatasi and P. sergenti were predicted to be present in northern and central areas of Ardabil province. The most variable that contributed ratio in the modeling were Isothermality and slope factors. Ardabil province is possibly an endemic are for CL. The presence of P. papatasi and P. sergenti justifies local transmission while the vectors of CL are existing in the northern and central areas of the province.
Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea
Authors: Park Yeojin , Noh Jinhyeong , Seo Hyun-Ji , Kim Keun-Ho , Min Subin , Yoo Mi-Sun , Yun Bo-Ram , Kim Jong-Ho , Choi Eun-Jin , Cheon Doo-Sung , Hong Sung-Jong , Yoon Soon-Seek , Cho Yun Sang
Published: June 2020

The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.
Molecular Detection and Subtyping of Human Blastocystis and the Clinical Implications: Comparisons between Diarrheal and Non-diarrheal Groups in Korean Populations
Authors: Kim Moon-Ju , Won Eun Jeong , Kim Soo Hyun , Shin Jong Hee , Chai Jong-Yil
Published: June 2020

Blastocystis has recently been recognized as the most common eukaryotic microbe of the human gut. We investigated the prevalence of Blastocystis and their subtypes in diarrheal and non-diarrheal groups and the associated clinical parameters. A total of 324 stool samples were obtained from 196 diarrheal and 128 non-diarrheal subjects. Blastocystis subtypes were determined by sequencing the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed by diarrhea and Blastocystis status. The overall rate of Blastocystis positivity was 9.0% (29/324) but was significantly higher in the non-diarrheal group (18.0% vs. 3.1%, P<0.0001). Of the 6 Blastocystis-positive diarrheal patients, 3 (50.0%), none (0.0%), 2 (33.3%), and 1 (16.7%) were infected with subtypes ST1, ST2, ST3, and multiple subtypes, respectively. Of the 23 Blastocystis-positive non-diarrheal patients, 4 (17.4%), 1 (4.3%), and 18 (78.3%) were infected with subtypes ST1, ST2, and ST3, respectively. Blastocystis was less common in the diarrheal than the non-diarrheal group (odds ratio, 0.144; 95% confidence interval, 0.057–0.365, P<0.001). Of the 3 subtypes, ST3 was more frequently observed in the non-diarrheal than diarrheal group (78.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.0341). Collectively, Blastocystis was found in both the diarrheal and non-diarrheal groups and ST3 was the most common subtype in Korea.
Highly variable taxa-specific coral bleaching responses to thermal stresses
Authors: McClanahan TR , Darling ES , Maina JM , Muthiga NA , D’agata S , Leblond J , Arthur R , Jupiter SD , Wilson SK , Mangubhai S , Ussi AM , Guillaume MMM , Humphries AT , Patankar V , Shedrawi G , Pagu J , Grimsditch G
Published: June 2020

Complex histories of chronic and acute sea surface temperature (SST) stresses are expected to trigger taxon- and location-specific responses that will ultimately lead to novel coral communities. The 2016 El Niño-Southern Oscillation provided an opportunity to examine large-scale and recent environmental histories on emerging patterns in 226 coral communities distributed across 12 countries from East Africa to Fiji. Six main coral communities were identified that largely varied across a gradient of Acropora to massive Porites dominance. Bleaching intensity was taxon-specific and was associated with complex interactions among the 20 environmental variables that we examined. Coral community structure was better aligned with the historical temperature patterns between 1985 and 2015 than the 2016 extreme temperature event. Additionally, bleaching responses observed during 2016 differed from historical reports during past warm years. Consequently, coral communities present in 2016 are likely to have been reorganized by both long-term community change and acclimation mechanisms. For example, less disturbed sites with cooler baseline temperatures, higher mean historical SST background variability, and infrequent extreme warm temperature stresses were associated with Acropora-dominated communities, while more disturbed sites with lower historical SST background variability and frequent acute warm stress were dominated by stress-resistant massive Porites corals. Overall, the combination of taxon-specific responses, community-level reorganization over time, geographic variation, and multiple environmental stressors suggest complex responses and a diversity of future coral communities that can help contextualize management priorities and activities.
The potential for increasing nitrogen responses using Agrotain treated urea
Authors: Blennerhassett J.D. , Quin B.F. , Zaman M. , Ramakrishnan C.
Published: June 2020

Two trials were set up near Te Awamutu and Ashburton to explore the difference in pasture responses between standard urea and Agrotain treated urea (SustaiN) over a 12 month period. Two rates of nitrogen (N) application were used (30 kg N/ha and 60 kg N/ha) and the fertilisers were applied four times throughout the year (once each "season"). At the 30 kg N/ha application rate (120 kg N/ha total), N responses with SustaiN were 75.2% higher than with urea alone. At the 60 kg N/ha application rate (240 kg N/ha total), N response with SustaiN was 33.7% higher than urea alone. Similar seasonal and annual responses occurred at both sites. Economic analyses showed these increases in response to be very profitable and indicate that there is considerable potential for improving farm production and profitability by treating urea with Agrotain. Keywords: nitrogen, urea, Agrotain, pasture, response, efficiency
Breeding white clover for tolerance to nematodes: overview of process and progress
Authors: Watson R.N. , Bell N.L. , Neville F.J. , Aalders L.T. , Rohan T.C.
Published: June 2020

A base population of 80 cultivars or seedlines of white clover from around the world was used to develop nematode tolerant selections. Clover plants were grown in strips of black plastic, akin to strawberry growing, in order to increase soil temperature and thence nematode activity in clover roots. Clover growth was assessed visually and by dry matter determination in five rounds of selection from 1989-2001. After each round of selection the 20-30 best performing plants for each of three leaf sizes (large, medium and small) were polycrossed and the seed collected. The resulting selections have performed at least as well as, and in many cases better, than standard commercial cultivars at a range of field sites. Keywords: Meloidogyne, Heterodera, Pratylenchus, Trifolium, field selection, nematode tolerance, nematode resistance
Modelling the impact of surplus pasture management techniques on production and profit in a pasture-based dairy system
Authors: Wynn K.T. , Beukes P.C. , Romera A.J.
Published: June 2020

Three options for controlling surplus pasture on Northland dairy farms were modelled to determine the impact of each on production and operating profit. The three options were a) Light cut, fixed break size (LCFB): Paddock cut for silage as soon as surplus was identified. No effect on rotation length. b) Bulk cut, fixed break size (BCFB): Paddock closed until cover of 4000 kg dry matter (DM)/ha was reached then cut for silage. Rotation length was shortened. c) Bulk cut, variable break size (BCVB): Paddock closed until cover of 4000 kg DM/ha was reached then cut for silage. Rotation length was maintained thus reducing available grazing area. The hypothesis was that LCFB would translate into the most profitable option as pasture is being cut as soon as a genuine surplus is realised, optimising silage feed quality. Results showed LCFB to be $100/ha more profitable (operating profit) compared with BCFB and BCVB at only one of the three sites investigated (P
Integrating high yielding crops into a Taranaki dairying system
Authors: Macdonald K.A. , Clough J. , De Ruiter J.M. , Sears C.B.Glassey T. , Sears N.
Published: June 2020

Cropping sequences were introduced to a pasture-based dairy system with the aim of improving the annual feed supply, herd productivity and overall profitability. Two farmlets were established on the Waimate West Demonstration Farm (Taranaki) in June 2007 and ran for 5 years. The All-grass farmlet was a pasture-only system (except for 70 kg/cow palm kernel expeller in one year) and the Cropping farmlet had on average 12.5% of the farm cropped each year plus palm kernel expeller (250 kg/cow/year over 3 years). Crop sequences varied in duration from 12 to 28 months. Crops grown were maize (for silage), turnips, chicory, rape, oats, barley and triticale. Stocking rates were 4.0 and 4.2 cows/ha for the All-grass and Cropping farmlets, respectively. Pasture growth for the two farmlets was similar, averaging 16.6 t DM/ha/year. The inclusion of crops added an extra 1.7 t DM/ha/year over the Allgrass treatment, averaged over the 5-year trial. In the first 2 years, milksolids (MS) production per hectare was 2% lower for the Cropping farmlet (1145 kg MS/ ha) than for the All-grass farmlet (1165 kg MS/ha), but was 11% higher (1237 vs. 1112 kg MS/ha) over the next 2 years, increasing to a 27% advantage (1453 vs. 1143 kg MS/ha) in the fifth year. Financial analysis indicated a $338 lower operating profit for the Cropping farmlet for the first 2 years but there was an advantage of $560/ ha/annum over the next 3 years. Introducing cropping onto a dairy farm system can increase MS production and profit. Careful consideration must be given to the choice of crops to maximise DM yield and minimise the cost of production. Cropping on dairy farms can be successfully implemented, but is dependent on successful crop establishment and efficient feed management. There is potential for sustained higher MS production per cow and higher per ha by including crops in the system, but the potential may not be realised immediately due to reduced area for grazing while the first crops are being established. Keywords: cropping, milksolids, operating profit
Influence of pasture renewal, soil factors and climate on black beetle abundance in Waikato and Bay of Plenty
Authors: Gerard P.J. , Bell N.L. , Eden T.M. , King W.M. , Mapp N.R. , Pirie M.R. , Rennie G.M.
Published: June 2020

An outbreak of the sporadic pest black beetle caused major damage on farms throughout Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions from 2007 to 2010. Two projects were initiated in these regions to gain an understanding of the interaction of black beetle with endophyte/ cultivar combinations and pasture renewal strategies. Monitoring of black beetle populations on the project farms showed that overall, abundance steadily declined from 2009 to 2013, possibly due to cool temperatures, and in the case of Bay of Plenty, high rainfall in 2010. In Waikato, pasture renewal in 2012 had no significant effect on beetle abundance in the following year compared to the unrenewed paddocks. Greater population levels in the Waikato sites were associated with lower soil pH. El Niño and La Niña weather events appear to be associated with changes in black beetle population levels, which may assist prediction of future outbreaks and damage risk. Keywords: Heteronychus arator, pasture, La Niña
Levy oration Ideas, innovation and resilience
Authors: Garden Pat
Published: June 2020

I'm honoured and humbled to have been asked to present the inaugural Levy Oration. Sir Bruce Levy not only made a huge impact as an evangelist for grassland farming during his working life but his influence and legacy is as relevant as ever to the basic tenets of growing grass in a modern world.
The measurement of perennial ryegrass persistence
Authors: Dodd Michael B , Chapman David F , Ludemann Cameron I , Griffiths Wendy , Tozer Katherine N , Donnelly Liam
Published: June 2020

Poor persistence in perennial ryegrass has been identified as a major limitation to pasture productivity, particularly in the upper North Island. Persistence can best be defined as the continuity of forage yield relative to a cultivar’s potential. Though there is limited evidence of differences in persistence between cultivars, there is interest in including persistence in the DairyNZ Forage Value Index. This requires an agronomically robust metric of persistence, measured over a suitable time frame and connected to economic value. Five candidates are evaluated: plant populations, tiller populations, basal cover, ground score and annual dry matter yield. Scarcity of long-term data is a major limitation to development of performance values for persistence, and must be addressed. The four abundance-based measures also lack a clear connection to economic values, from the limited data available. A persistence metric is proposed, that relates medium-term dry matter yield to short-term dry matter yield, for which perennial ryegrass functional type and cultivar differences are demonstrated.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM TRADISI APITAN DI DESA SERANGAN, KECAMATAN BONANG, KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Nikmah Faridhatun
Published: June 2020

Tradisi Apitan merupakan salah satu bentuk upacara selamatan dalam rangka mensyukuri nikmat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai proses ritual tradisi Apitan dan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang terkandung dalam tradisi Apitan di Desa Serangan, Kecamatan Bonang, Kabupaten Demak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses ritual dan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang terkandung dalam tradisi Apitan di Desa Serangan, Kecamatan Bonang, Kabupaten Demak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses ritual dalam pelaksanaan tradisi Apitan dimulai dari pembukaan, sambutan, doa Apitan, makan bersama, pertunjukan wayang, dan penutupan. Selain itu, dalam pelaksanaan tradisi Apitan terdapat nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang dapat diperoleh di antaranya adalah sikap religius, jujur, disiplin, cinta tanah air, toleransi, cinta damai, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial, dan bertanggung jawab. Hal lain yang perlu diteladani oleh generasi muda bahwa tradisi Apitan dijadikan sebagai warisan budaya leluhur bangsa Indonesia yang harus dijaga dan dilestarikan.
Perbedaan Penyerapan Pb pada Berbagai Jenis Tanaman
Authors: Azzahri Sucia Elsa , Muslim Burhan , Riviwanto Muchsin
Published: June 2020

Air pollution comes from many factors, one of which comes from vehicles where the smoke produced by motor vehicles contains dangerous heavy metals, Pb. Ujung Gurun Road is one of the densely populated roads which has many pollutant-absorbing plants that line the roadside. This research was conducted with the aim to determine differences in plant types in absorbing lead content (Pb) of air on the road. Analytical research with a comparative study approach. The measurement used is the Wet Ashing Method (wet ashing) for the destruction of the sample, then analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Data were analyzed using Anova test to see whether there were differences in Glondokan, Mahogany and Angsana plants in absorbing lead air. The results showed lead levels in leaves of glondokan plants were 0.9134 μg / g higher than leaves of mahogany plants as much as 0.764 ug / g and angsana 0.40 ug / g. There is a significant difference in the types of plants in the absorption of air Pb levels in Jalan Ujung Gurun Padang City with p value 0.002 where p <a. For this reason, the monday plant can be used as one of the plants that can be used as one of the government program plants for the absorption of Pb content of air produced by motor vehicles other than mahogany and angsana.
A LEITURA DE IMAGENS DO TRATADO MATHESIS BICEPS: VETUS ET NOVA NA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA E ENSINO
Authors: Pereira Marisa Raquel de Melo , Trivizoli Lucieli M.
Published: June 2020

O presente estudo apresenta alguns resultados de nossa pesquisa de mestrado em que apresentamos uma proposta didática buscando a articulação entre História da Matemática e ensino por meio da leitura de imagens presentes no tratado Mathesis Biceps: Vetus et Nova (1670) de JuanCaramuel y Lobkowitz (1606 – 1682). A partir do estudo dos contextos de produção do referido tratado, da busca de informações sobre seu autor e pautados na didática da pedagogia histórico-crítica elencamos conteúdos de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental que podem ser explicados tendo comoponto de partida a leitura das imagens escolhidas. Para esse texto, apresentamos nossas ideias para a proposta de trabalho dos conteúdos de Proporcionalidade e Semelhança, com ênfase na Semelhança de Triângulos.
CONCEPÇÕES DE MATEMÁTICA E DE REALIDADE: UMA PERSPECTIVA DE ESTUDANTES DE LICENCIATURA
Authors: Puhl Cassiano Scott , Lara Isabel Cristina Machado de
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso com licenciandos de Matemática de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior particular do município de Porto Alegre, cujo objetivo é identificar a percepção que possuem acerca de Matemática, de realidade, e o modo como entendem a realidade nos livros didáticos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário virtual, enviado para todos os acadêmicos, com perguntas abertas, obtendo uma amostra de 14 licenciandos. O método de análise foi a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), definindo as categorias a priori para a concepção de Matemática e de Realidade e categorias emergentes para a percepção dos licenciandos sobre a realidade nos livros didáticos. A análise evidencia que os participantes associam a realidade com o mundo externo, sendo perceptível pelos sentidos. Em relação à Matemática, identificam-se duas categorias distintas: Ciência exata de verdades absolutas; Ciência em desenvolvimento de verdades relativas. Além disso, constatou-se que as percepções de realidade e de Matemática dos licenciandos tem implicação direta no modo como percebem a realidade nos livros didáticos, pois a maioria entendeque exercícios contextualizados representam a realidade. Por fim, têm-se fortes indícios que os licenciandos não sabem diferenciar o significado entre contexto e realidade.
Novel Graph Model for Solving Collision-Free Multiple-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem Using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Pamosoaji Anugrah K. , Setyohadi Djoko Budiyanto
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a novel graph model to figure Collision-Free Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (CFMTSP) is proposed. In this problem, a group of vehicles start from different nodes in an undirected graph and must visit each node in the graph, following the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) fashion without any collision. This paper’s main objective is to obtain free-collision routes for each vehicle while minimizing the traveling time of the slowest vehicle. This problem can be approached by applying speed to each vehicle, and a novel augmented graph model can perform it. This approach accommodates not only the position of nodes and inter-node distances, but also the speed of all the vehicles is proposed. The proposed augmented graph should be able to be used to perform optimal trajectories, i.e., routes and speeds, for all vehicles. An ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is used on the proposed augmented graph. Simulations show that the algorithm can satisfy the main objective. Considered factors, such as limitation of the mission successfulness, i.e., the inter-vehicle arrival time on a node, the number of vehicles, and the numbers of vehicles and edges of the graph are also discussed.
Embedded Bayesian Network Contribution for a Safe Mission Planning of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Dezan Catherine , Zermani Sara , Hireche Chabha
Published: June 2020

Bayesian Networks (BN) are probabilistic models that are commonly used for the diagnosis in numerous domains (medicine, finance, transport, robotics, …). In the case of autonomous vehicles, they can contribute to elaborate intelligent monitors that can take the environmental context into account. We show in this paper some main abilities of BN that can help in the elaboration of fault detection isolation and recovery (FDIR) modules. One of the main difficulty with the BN model is generally to elaborate these ones according to the case of study. Then, we propose some automatic generation techniques from failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)-like tables using the pattern design approach. Once defined, these modules have to operate online for autonomous vehicles. In a second part, we propose a design methodology to embed the real-time and non-intrusive implementations of the BN modules using FPGA-SoC support. We show that the FPGA implementation can offer an interesting speed-up with very limited energy cost. Lastly, we show how these BN modules can be incorporated into the decision-making model for the mission planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We illustrate the integration by means of two models: the Decision Network model that is a straightforward extension of the BN model, and the BFM model that is an extension of the Markov Decision Process (MDP) decision-making model incorporating a BN. We illustrate the different proposals with realistic examples and show that the hybrid implementation on FPGA-SoC can offer some benefits.
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Oriented Strain Smart Sensor with Exploratory Capabilities on Energy Harvesting and Magnetorheological Elastomer Transducers
Authors: Lozoya-Santos Jorge de-J. , Félix-Herrán L. C. , Tudón-Martínez Juan C. , Vargas-Martinez Adriana , Ramirez-Mendoza Ricardo A.
Published: June 2020

This work designed and implemented a new low-cost, Internet of Things-oriented, wireless smart sensor prototype to measure mechanical strain. The research effort explores the use of smart materials as transducers, e.g., a magnetorheological elastomer as an electrical-resistance sensor, and a cantilever beam with piezoelectric sensors to harvest energy from vibrations. The study includes subsequent and validated results with a magnetorheological elastomer transducer that contained multiwall carbon nanotubes with iron particles, generated voltage tests from an energy-harvesting system that functions with an array of piezoelectric sensors embedded in a rubber-based cantilever beam, wireless communication to send data from the sensor’s central processing unit towards a website that displays and stores the handled data, and an integrated manufactured prototype. Experiments showed that electrical-resistivity variation versus measured strain, and the voltage-generation capability from vibrations have the potential to be employed in smart sensors that could be integrated into commercial solutions to measure strain in automotive and aircraft systems, and civil structures. The reported experiments included cloud-computing capabilities towards a potential Internet of Things application of the smart sensor in the context of monitoring automotive-chassis vibrations and airfoil damage for further analysis and diagnostics, and in general structural-health-monitoring applications.
Label-Free Classification of Apoptosis, Ferroptosis and Necroptosis Using Digital Holographic Cytometry
Authors: Barker Kendra L. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Judson-Torres Robert L.
Published: June 2020

Apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis are three distinct forms of programmed cell death. Each of these pathways can be exploited to terminate cancer cells. One promising therapeutic strategy is to activate alternative programmed cell death pathways subsequent to cancer cells evolving mechanisms to evade apoptosis. However, the interplay between distinct programmed cell death pathways and cancer progression is complex and can paradoxically promote the disease. There is a need for high-throughput assays for real-time classification of programmed cell death, both to further investigate these important biologic processes and to assess the case-by-case efficacy of targeting each pathway in patient-derived tumor cells. Here, we sought to develop a label-free, live-imaging-based assay for classifying forms of programmed cell death with single cell resolution. We used digital holographic cytometry (DHC) to monitor human melanoma cells undergoing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. We developed and validated models that used DHC-derived features to classify each form of cell death with 91–93% accuracy in the test sets. We conclude that high-accuracy, high-throughput, label-free classification of apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis can be achieved with DHC.
The Effects of Signal System and Traffic Flow on the Sound Level
Authors: Wong Chi-kwong , Lee Yiu-yin
Published: June 2020

Traffic noise is a major pollution problem in Hong Kong and many large cities throughout the world. Indeed, traffic noise and traffic flow patterns interact, however, there is a very little research effort studying it. To the best knowledge of the authors, the present research is the first on-site measurement study about the effect of a traffic signal on the noise level of moving vehicles. Various cases of “stop and go” and “non-stop” were considered in the traffic noise measurements, where the terms “stop and go” and “non-stop” represent a traffic road with and without traffic signals, respectively. The L10 and Leq noise levels were recorded and compared in the present study. From the results, it was found that the stop time and traffic flow are factors that also affect the sound level properties.
Long-Term Forecasting Potential of Photo-Voltaic Electricity Generation and Demand Using R
Authors: Vink Karina , Ankyu Eriko , Kikuchi Yasunori
Published: June 2020

For micro-grid cost-benefit analyses, both energy production and demand must be estimated on the long-term of one year. However, there remains a scarcity of studies predicting energy production and demand simultaneously and in the long-term. By means of programming in R and applying linear, non-linear, and support vector regression, we show the in depth analysis of the data of a micro-grid on solar power generation and building energy demand and its potential to be modeled simultaneously on the term of one year, in relation to electricity costs. We found solar power generation is linearly related to solar irradiance, but the effect of temperature on total output was less pronounced than anticipated. Building energy demand was found to be related to multiple parameters of both time and weather, and could be estimated through a quadratic function in relation to temperature. Models for both solar power generation and building energy demand could predict electricity costs within 8% of actual costs, which is not yet the ideal accuracy, but shows potential for future studies. These results provide important statistics for future studies where building energy consumption of any building type is correlated in detail to various time and weather parameters.
Role of Horizontal Eddy Diffusivity within the Canopy on Fire Spread
Authors: Bebieva Yana , Oliveto Julia , Quaife Bryan , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Heilman Warren E. , Speer Kevin
Published: June 2020

Wind profile observations are used to estimate turbulent mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer from 1 m up to 300 m height in two locations of pine forests characteristic of the southeast US region, and to 30 m height at one location in the northeast. Basic turbulence characteristics of the boundary layers above and within the canopy were measured near prescribed fires for time periods spanning the burns. Together with theoretical models for the mean horizontal velocity and empirical relations between mean flow and variance, we derive the lateral diffusivity using Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis in the thin surface-fuel layer. This parameter is used in a simple 1D model to predict the spread of surface fires in different wind conditions. Initial assessments of sensitivity of the fire spread rates to the lateral diffusivity are made. The lateral diffusivity with and without fire-induced wind is estimated and associated fire spread rates are explored. Our results support the conceptual framework that eddy dynamics in the fuel layer is set by larger eddies developed in the canopy layer aloft. The presence of fire modifies the wind, hence spread rate, depending on the fire intensity.