bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Trends in the Synthesis of Monomers for Furanoate Polyesters and Their Nanocomposites’ Fabrication as a Sustainable Packaging Material
Authors: Stanley Johan , Fras Zemljič Lidija , Lambropoulou Dimitra A. , Bikiaris Dimitrios N.
Published: October 2024

Furanoate polyesters are an extremely promising new class of materials for packaging applications, particularly furanoate-based nanocomposites, which have gained a high interest level in research and development in both academia and industries. The monomers utilised for the synthesis of furanoate-based polyesters were derived from lignocellulosic biomass, which is essential for both eco-friendliness and sustainability. Also, these polyesters have a lower carbon footprint compared to fossil-based plastics, contributing to greenhouse gas reduction. The furanoate-based nanocomposites exhibit enhanced performance characteristics, such as high thermal stability, excellent mechanical strength, superior barrier resistance, and good bacteriostatic rate, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, especially for food-packaging applications. This paper reviews the recent trends in the synthesis routes of monomers, such as the various catalytic activities involved in the oxidation of 5(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its ester, dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFD). In addition, this review explores the fabrication of different furanoate-based nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization, by melt mixing or solvent evaporation methods, and by using different types of nanoparticles to enhance the overall material properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Emphasis was given to presenting the effect of these nanoparticles on the furanoate polyester’s properties.
Green Infrastructure and Adaptation to Climate Change in Marginal Areas: A Reference Scheme for Implementation Guidelines in Italy
Authors: De Montis Andrea , Ledda Antonio , Serra Vittorio , Calia Giovanna
Published: October 2024

Marginal areas (MAs) can show scarce disaster resilience in the context of climate change. Proactive adaptation to climate change (ACC) based on green infrastructure (GI) has the potential to increase the disaster resilience of the MAs. The scientific literature has scarcely addressed research on methods and guidelines for promoting ACC and GI to increase the resilience of MAs. No previous research has focused on a method to set a reference scheme for implementation guidelines concerning the use of GI as an ACC approach to deal with the effects of a changing climate in Italian MAs. In this regard, this study aims to provide planners and public administrations with an appropriate scheme to foster the mainstreaming of ACC and GI into the planning of MAs. To do so, we proposed and applied a methodological approach consisting of the scrutiny of the scientific and grey literature with the purpose of distilling a set of key elements (KEs) that need to be considered as a reference scheme for implementation guidelines. As main findings, we identified ten KEs relevant to drafting guidelines for integrating ACC and GI into planning tools, e.g., a clear definition of GI, participative approaches, public–private cooperation, and others, that will be tested in ongoing research.
Feasibility of Using Ferronickel Slag as a Sustainable Alternative Aggregate in Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Coelho Lisley Madeira , Guimarães Antônio Carlos Rodrigues , Alves Moreira Claudio Rafael Cicuto Landim , dos Santos Graziella Pereira Pires , Monteiro Sergio Neves , da Silveira Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça
Published: October 2024

Ferronickel slag (FNS) is a byproduct produced during ferronickel alloy manufacturing, primarily used in the manufacturing of stainless steel and iron alloys. This material is produced by cooling molten slag with water or air, posing significant disposal challenges, as improper storage in industrial yards can lead to environmental contamination. This study investigates the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of reduction ferronickel slag (RFNS) and its potential use as an alternative aggregate in hot mix asphalt (HMA). The research is based on the practical application of HMA containing RFNS in an experimental area, specifically the parking lot used by buses transporting employees of Anglo American, located at the Codemin Industrial Unit in Niquelândia, Goiás, Central Brazil. Chemical analysis revealed that RFNS primarily consists of MgO, Fe2O3, and SiO2, which are elements with minimal environmental impact. The lack of significant calcium content minimizes concerns about expansion issues commonly associated with calcium-rich slags. The X-ray diffractogram indicates a predominantly crystalline structure with minerals like Laihunite and Magnetite, which enhances wear and abrasion resistance. HMA containing 40% RFNS was tested using the Marshall methodology, and a small experimental area was subsequently constructed. The HMA containing RFNS met regulatory specifications and technological controls, achieving an average resilient modulus value of 6323 MPa. Visual inspections conducted four years later confirmed that the pavement remained in excellent condition, validating RFNS as a durable and effective alternative aggregate for asphalt mixtures. The successful application of RFNS not only demonstrates its potential for local road paving near industrial areas but also underscores the importance of sustainable waste management solutions. This research highlights the value of academia–industry collaboration in advancing environmentally responsible practices and reinforces the contribution of RFNS to enhancing local infrastructure and promoting a more sustainable future.
Patterns of Soil Stoichiometry Driven by Mixed Tree Species Proportions in Boreal Forest
Authors: Wu Xiaochang , Zhang Huayong , Wang Zhongyu , Tian Wang , Liu Zhao
Published: October 2024

Soil stoichiometry is essential for determining the ecological functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the stoichiometric relationships in mixed forests could enhance our knowledge of nutrient cycling. In a mixed forest zone of Larix principis-rupprechtii (LP) and Betula Platyphylla (BP) in Hebei China, we conducted a study at six different sites with varying levels of tree species mixing. The proportion of L. principis-rupprechtii ranged from 0% to 100%, with intermediate values of 8.58%, 10.44%, 18.62%, and 38.32%. We compared soil stoichiometry, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), as well as chemical and physical properties across these sites. Piecewise structural equation modeling (piecewiseSEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect links between key ecosystem factors and their effects on soil stoichiometry. In mixed forests, the soil exhibited higher contents of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) compared to those in pure LP forests. Additionally, the soil C: N ratio in the 8.58% and 18.62% mixed forests as well as pure BP forests was significantly higher than that in LP forests. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that the contents and ratios of soil C, N, and P exhibited different responses to mixed species proportions. The effect of mixed species proportions on soil nutrients was predominantly indirect, mediated primarily by variations in soil-available nutrients and, to a lesser extent, by physical properties and pH. Specifically, an increase in the proportion of LP in mixed forests had a direct negative effect on soil-available nutrients, which in turn had a positive effect on the content of SOM, TN, and TP and their respective ratios. Based on these findings, we can predict that soil nutrient limitation becomes more pronounced with increasing proportions of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the mixed forest. Our results emphasized the significance of changes in mixed species proportions on soil stoichiometry, providing valuable references for the sustainable development of forests.
Research on Longitudinal Control of Electric Vehicle Platoons Based on Robust UKF–MPC
Authors: Bao Jiading , Lin Zishan , Jing Hui , Feng Huanqin , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Luo Ziqiang
Published: October 2024

In a V2V communication environment, the control of electric vehicle platoons faces issues such as random communication delays, packet loss, and external disturbances, which affect sustainable transportation systems. In order to solve these problems and promote the development of sustainable transportation, a longitudinal control algorithm for the platoon based on robust Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) is designed. First, a longitudinal kinematic model of the vehicle platoon is constructed, and discrete state–space equations are established. The robust UKF algorithm is derived by enhancing the UKF algorithm with Huber-M estimation. This enhanced algorithm is then used to estimate the state information of the leading vehicle. Based on the vehicle state information obtained from the robust UKF estimation, feedback correction and compensation are added to the MPC algorithm to design the robust UKF–MPC longitudinal controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through CarSim/Simulink joint simulation. The simulation results show that in the presence of communication delay and data loss, the robust UKF–MPC controller outperforms the MPC and UKF–MPC controllers in terms of MSE and IAE metrics for vehicle spacing error and acceleration tracking error and exhibits stronger robustness and stability.
Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Bottom Sediment Characteristics of a Shallow Lake under Backwater Separation and Application of Effective Microorganisms
Authors: Dondajewska-Pielka Renata
Published: October 2024

Lake Konin is a small and shallow lake under the influence of highly eutrophic riverine waters. Feeding the lake as a backwater during high water level periods, the River Obra had exerted a decisive impact on lake water quality, and thus a new dike with a closing device was created. Protective measures were followed by the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM), aiming at a reduction in nutrient concentrations and CyanoHABs. Positive changes in the ecosystem were initiated (increased phytoplankton diversity), but cyanobacteria blooms were still present due to high nutrient content. Some changes were observed in the lake sediments (phosphorus (P) and its fractions, P in pore waters, organic matter and experimental assessment of internal P loading) studied before and during treatment. A slight increase in P content in sediments was noted, as a result of an increase in the Res-P fraction. Simultaneously, a decrease in the most mobile fractions was observed. Summer internal P load was reduced from 5.4 kgP d−1 before the treatment to less than 1 kgP d−1 in the first year, but increased again in the second year to 4.5 kgP d−1. Similarly to lake water quality, positive changes were induced in the lake sediments; nevertheless, they still acted as an important source of nutrients for primary producers. Additional restoration methods shall be considered, as combined treatments used simultaneously are reported to be the most effective for water quality improvement.
Carbon Peak Control Strategies and Pathway Selection in Dalian City: A Hybrid Approach with STIRPAT and GA-BP Neural Networks
Authors: Zheng Linghui , Sun Yanli , Yu Yang
Published: October 2024

Mitigating the rate of global warming is imperative to preserve the natural environment upon which humanity relies for survival; greenhouse gas emissions serve as the principal driver of climate change, rendering the promotion of urban carbon peaking and carbon neutrality a crucial initiative for effectively addressing climate change and attaining sustainable development. This study addresses the inherent uncertainties and complexities associated with carbon dioxide emission accounting by undertaking a scenario prediction analysis of peak carbon emissions in Dalian, utilizing the STIRPAT model in conjunction with a GA-BP neural network model optimized through a genetic algorithm. An analysis of the mechanisms underlying the influencing factors of carbon emissions, along with the identification of the carbon emission peak, is conducted based on carbon emission accounting derived from nighttime lighting data. The GA-BP prediction model exhibits significant advantages in addressing the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of carbon emissions, attributable to its robust mapping capabilities and probabilistic analysis proficiency. The findings reveal that energy intensity, tertiary industry value, resident population, and GDP are positively correlated with carbon emissions in Dalian, ranked in order of importance. In contrast, population density significantly reduces emissions. The GA-BP model predicts carbon emissions with 99.33% accuracy, confirming its excellent predictive capability. The recommended strategy for Dalian to achieve its carbon peak at the earliest is to adopt a low-carbon scenario, with a forecasted peak of 191.79 million tons by 2033.
Influence of Spiral Stiffeners’ Symmetric and Asymmetric Angles on Nonlinear Vibration Responses of Multilayer FG Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Foroutan Kamran , Torabi Farshid
Published: October 2024

This study utilizes a semi-analytical approach to examine the nonlinear dynamic responses of multilayer functionally graded (MFG) cylindrical shells reinforced by FG spiral stiffeners (FGSSs), which may have symmetric or asymmetric angles, under a thermal condition. It is presumed that the temperature is distributed across the thickness direction. The shell includes three layers: an outer ceramic-rich layer, a middle FG layer, and an inner metal-rich layer. By applying classical shell theory (CST), the smeared stiffeners technique, von Kármán equations, and the Galerkin method, the problem of nonlinear vibrations (NVs) has been addressed. Furthermore, the method of multiple scales (MMSs) is applied to investigate the nonlinear vibrational characteristics of the MFG cylindrical shells reinforced by FGSS, particularly focusing on the 1:2:4 internal resonance and the subharmonic resonance of order 1/2. This study finds that FG spiral stiffeners with symmetric or asymmetric angles and ambient temperature significantly affect the vibrational properties of the MFG cylindrical shells reinforced by spiral stiffeners.
Existence of Three Positive Solutions for Boundary Value Problem of Fourth Order with Sign-Changing Green’s Function
Authors: Dimitrov Nikolay D. , Jonnalagadda Jagan Mohan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we examine a fourth-order equation that has parameter dependency and boundary conditions in three different places. We prove some of the features of the relevant asymmetric Green’s function and infer its exact form. The resulting solutions are still positive and decreasing functions on the entire interval of the Green’s function definition, and they are concave in a specific subinterval, despite the fact that the function’s sign changes on the square of its definition. The fixed point theorem of Krasnoselskii is the foundation of the existence arguments. Next, using the Leggett–Williams fixed point theorem, it is concluded that there are at least three positive solutions. Lastly, an example is provided, to highlight the primary findings of the manuscript.
The Spectrum of Pathogens Associated with Infections in African Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ekeng Bassey , Adedokun Olufunke , Otu Vivien , Chukwuma Stella , Okah Agatha , Asemota Osamagbe , Eshiet Ubokobong , Akpan Usenobong , Nwagboso Rosa , Ebiekpi Eti , Umoren Emmanuella , Usun Edet
Published: October 2024

Understanding the interplay between infections and severe acute malnutrition is critical in attaining good clinical outcomes when managing malnourished children. However, review studies describing the profile of the associated pathogens in the malnourished African paediatric population are sparse in the literature. We aimed to identify the spectrum of pathogens from studies reporting infections in severely malnourished African children, as well as the antibiotic resistance pattern and clinical outcomes. A systematic literature review of the PubMed database was conducted following PRISMA guidelines from January 2001 to June 2024. The search algorithm was ((marasmus) OR (kwashiorkor) OR (severe acute malnutrition) OR (protein energy malnutrition)) AND (Africa). For a more comprehensive retrieval, an additional search algorithm was deployed: ((HIV) OR (tuberculosis)) AND (severe acute malnutrition). We included 60 studies conducted between 2001 and 2024. Most of the studies were from East Africa (n = 45, 75%) and Southern Africa (n = 5, 8.3%). A total of 5845 pathogens were identified comprising 2007 viruses, 2275 bacteria, 1444 parasites, and 119 fungal pathogens. The predominant pathogens were HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and malaria parasites accounting for 33.8%, 30%, and 24.2% of pathogens identified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was documented in only three studies. Fatality rates were reported in 45 studies and ranged from 2% to 56% regardless of the category of pathogen. This review affirms the deleterious effect of infections in malnourished patients and suggests a gross underdiagnosis as studies were found from only 17 (31.5%) African countries. Moreover, data on fungal infections in severely malnourished African children were nearly absent despite this population being at risk. Thus, there is an urgent need to prioritize research investigating African children with severe acute malnutrition for fungal infections besides other pathogens and improve the availability of diagnostic tools and the optimized usage of antibiotics through the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes.
Immunolocalization of Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV) and GroEL Chaperon Protein of Endosymbionts in Beet Leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) Vector Tissue
Authors: Alkhatib Batool M. , Belteton Samy , Creamer Rebecca
Published: October 2024

Beet curly top virus (BCTV, curtovirus, geminiviridae) causes one of the most economically significant viral diseases in crops in the Western United States and is transmitted only by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) in a non-propagative circulative manner. A better understanding of how this virus overcomes insect vector cellular barriers is essential to understanding virus–vector interactions. The distribution of BCTV in its beet leafhopper vector was investigated using immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope analysis (iCLSM) on the whole-mount-dissected organs of leafhoppers. BCTV was localized in several lobes of the principal salivary glands, filter chamber, anterior midgut, and mid midgut, suggesting the occurrence of midgut and salivary gland barriers to BCTV transmission in its vector C. tenellus. This study also investigated the distribution of the chaperon GroEL homolog protein produced by primary endosymbiotic bacteria within the beet leafhopper, which is believed to indirectly affect viral transmission by enhancing insect immunity and resistance to viruses. GroEL was identified in leafhopper salivary glands lobes, the stylet, salivary canal, the filter chamber, and the Malpighian tubule. This is the first work to visualize the localization of a curtovirus within its beet leafhopper vector. Together, these results can help understand ssDNA virus–vector relationships, including cellular transmission barriers and other vector protein components.
Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for In-Field Detection of American Plum Line Pattern Virus
Authors: Matić Slavica , Myrta Arben
Published: October 2024

American plum line pattern virus (APLPV) is the most infrequently reported Ilarvirus infecting stone fruit trees and is of sufficient severity to be classified as an EPPO quarantine A1 pathogen. In late spring, yellow line pattern symptoms were observed on leaves in a few flowering cherries (Prunus serrulata Lindl.) grown in a public garden in Northwest Italy. RNA extracts from twenty flowering cherries were submitted to Ilarvirus multiplex and APLPV-specific RT-PCR assays already reported or developed in this study. One flowering cherry (T22) with mixed prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and prune dwarf virus (PDV) infection also showed infection with APLPV. Blastn analysis of PCR products of the full coat protein (CP) and movement protein (MP) genes obtained from flowering cherry T22 showed 98.23% and 98.34% nucleotide identity with reference APLPV isolate NC_003453.1 from the USA. Then, a LAMP-specific assay was designed to facilitate the fast and low-cost identification of this virus either in the laboratory or directly in the field. The developed assay allowed not only the confirmation of APLPV (PSer22IT isolate) infection in the T22 flowering cherry but also the identification of APLPV in an asymptomatic flowering cherry tree (TL1). The LAMP assay successfully worked with crude flowering cherry extracts, obtained after manually shaking a single plant extract in the ELISA extraction buffer for 3–5 min. The developed rapid, specific and economic LAMP assay was able to detect APLPV using crude plant extracts rather that RNA preparation in less than 20 min, making it suitable for in-field detection. Moreover, the LAMP assay proved to be more sensitive in APLPV detection in flowering cherry compared to the specific one-step RT-PCR assay. The new LAMP assay will permit the estimation of APLPV geographic spread in the territory, paying particular attention to surrounding gardens and propagated flowering cherries in ornamental nurseries.
Transboundary Water Allocation under Water Scarcity Based on an Asymmetric Power Index Approach with Bankruptcy Theory
Authors: Qin Jianan , Fu Xiang , Wu Xia , Wang Jing , Huang Jie , Chen Xuxun , Liu Junwu , Zhang Jiantao
Published: October 2024

Cooperative and self-enforceable water allocation is a key instrument to manage geopolitical conflict induced by water scarcity, which necessitates the cooperative willingness of the agents and considers their heterogeneity in geography, climate, hydrology, environment and social economy. Based on a multi-indicator system that contains asymmetric information on water volume contribution, current water consumption, water economic efficiency and efforts for eco-environmental protection, this study proposed a water allocation framework by combining the asymmetric power index approach with bankruptcy theory for solving the transboundary water allocation problem under scarcity. The proposed method was applied to the Yellow River Basin in northern China, which is mainly shared by nine provincial districts and frequently suffers from severe water shortages, and its results were compared with six alternative methods. The results highlight the necessity of quantifying agents’ willingness to cooperate under the condition of asymmetric negotiation power when making decisions on transboundary water allocations. The proposed method allows for transboundary water allocations through simultaneous consideration of the agent’s willingness to cooperate and asymmetric negotiation power, as well as disagreement allocation points, which ensure the stability, fairness and self-enforceability of allocation results. Therefore, it can offer practical and valuable decision-making insights for transboundary water management under water scarcity.
Assessing Water Demands and Allocation Strategies Using the Water Evaluation and Planning System—A Case Study of the Ghrib Basin, Algeria
Authors: Benallal Mohammed El Amine , Abdelbaki Chérifa , Mourad Khaldoon A. , Badraoui Abderrahim , Kumar Navneet
Published: October 2024

The Ghrib Basin is currently encountering water-related challenges due to population growth and growing competition among water users. Therefore, assessing the current water situation is essential for the anticipation of future needs in the region. This paper assesses water demand and allocation strategies in the Ghrib Basin, Algeria, using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system. The simulation is based on five scenarios: “Increase in population and agricultural activity”, “Improving agricultural activity”, “Minimum domestic consumption”, “Enhancing Water Resources”, and “Best practice”, (which is a combination of two scenarios, i.e., “Improving agricultural activity” and ”Minimum domestic consumption”). The simulation outcomes indicate that the “Best practice” scenario represents the most advantageous and beneficial scenario by which the problem of the unmet demand can be solved. The resulting simulations indicated the need for the employment of water-efficient irrigation systems as well as the encouragement of sustainable water use, such as drip irrigation, which necessitates coordinated efforts and particular infrastructural investments. The derived outcomes are highly convincing and have the potential to serve as a decision support system for the effective governance of water resources in the Ghrib Basin. The methodology utilized in this study has the potential to be implemented in any basin across the globe.
An Evaluation of the Sediment Reduction Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation Measures under Extreme Rainfall Conditions in the Loess Plateau in China Based on a Distributed Soil Erosion Model
Authors: Wang Lingling , Xiao Peiqing , Wang Zhaoyan , Hou Xinxin
Published: October 2024

Since the 1970s, comprehensive control measures on soil erosion in the headwater region of the Loess Plateau have been carried out. Quantitative evaluation of the benefits of soil and water conservation measures during extreme rainstorms is of great significance for the comprehensive management of the catchments. In this study, a systematic modeling methodology for evaluating the effects of soil and water conservation measures on sediment reduction was developed based on a distributed soil erosion model (DSEM). Taking the Chabagou basin in the Loess Plateau as the study area, the tested DSEM was used to simulate soil erosion and sediment yield during an extreme rainstorm under two scenarios, the uncontrolled condition and the controlled condition with soil and water conservation measures implemented. The results showed that DSEM could successfully simulate soil and water losses and evaluate the effects of soil and water conservation measures during extreme storm events. The evaluated results showed that each soil and water conservation measure had the specific function of sediment reduction. And under rainstorm conditions, the effect of engineering measures on sediment reduction was greater than that of forest and grass measures.
Using Treated Wastewater for Non-Potable Household Uses in Peri-Urban India: Is It Affordable for the Users?
Authors: Brunner Norbert , Das Sukanya , Singh Anju , Starkl Markus
Published: October 2024

Reuse of wastewater is a promising response to water scarcity. For peri-urban areas served by decentralized wastewater treatment plants, the delivery of treated wastewater to the households may be a viable option to promote reuse on a larger scale. Based on a case study in Eastern India, this paper explores if households would accept recycled water for non-potable purposes and if they would pay for it. While the respondents to household surveys had very positive views about recycling, they were not willing to pay much, even if they were from a middle-income class and could afford more. A closer analysis of the attitudes towards recycling indicated knowledge gaps about the risks and advantages of using recycled water.
A Practical, Adaptive, and Scalable Real-Time Control Approach for Stormwater Storage Systems
Authors: Liang Ruijie , Maier Holger Robert , Thyer Mark Andrew , Dandy Graeme Clyde
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, urban stormwater infrastructure systems consist of passive infrastructure that is not actively controlled in response to rainfall events. Recently, real-time control (RTC) has been considered as a means to significantly increase the capacity and lifespan of these systems. This paper introduces the target flow control systems (TFCS) approach, which can use real-time control of systems of storages to achieve the desired flow conditions at the locations of interest. The first distinctive feature of this approach is that it does not require calibration to catchment-specific data, unlike existing approaches. This means that the TFCS approach is generally applicable to different catchments and is able to respond to future changes in runoff due to land use and/or climate change. The second distinctive feature is that the approach only requires storage-level information measured in real time with the aid of low-cost pressure sensors. This means that the approach is practical and relatively easy to implement. In addition to the introduction of the novel TFCS approach, a key innovation of this study is that the approach is tested on three case studies, each with different physical configurations and stormwater management objectives. Another key innovation is that the TFCS approach is compared to five RTC approaches, including three of the best-performing advanced approaches from the literature. Comparisons of multiple RTC approaches that consider both performance and practicality across multiple case studies are rare. Results show that the TFCS approach is the only one of the five control approaches analysed that has both the best overall performance and the highest level of practicality. The outcomes highlight the potential of the TFCS approach as a practical RTC approach that is applicable to a wide range of catchments with different stormwater management objectives. By maximizing the performance of existing stormwater storages, the TFCS approach can potentially extend the lifespan of existing infrastructure and avoid costly upgrades due to increased runoff caused by land use and climate change.
Adaptive Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Optimizing Dynamic Electric Vehicle Charging Networks in Thailand
Authors: Jamjuntr Pitchaya , Techawatcharapaikul Chanchai , Suanpang Pannee
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates efficient management of dynamic EV charging networks to optimize resource utilization and enhance service reliability. This paper explores the application of adaptive multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to address the complexities of EV charging infrastructure in Thailand. By employing MARL, multiple autonomous agents learn to optimize charging strategies based on real-time data by adapting to fluctuating demand and varying electricity prices. Building upon previous research that applied MARL to static network configurations, this study extends the application to dynamic and real-world scenarios, integrating real-time data to refine agent learning processes and also evaluating the effectiveness of adaptive MARL in maximizing rewards and improving operational efficiency compared to traditional methods. Experimental results indicate that MARL-based strategies increased efficiency by 20% and reduced energy costs by 15% relative to conventional algorithms. Key findings demonstrate the potential of extending MARL in transforming EV charging network management, highlighting its benefits for stakeholders, including EV owners, operators, and utility providers. This research contributes insights into advancing electric mobility and energy management in Thailand through innovative AI-driven approaches. The implications of this study include significant improvements in the reliability and cost-effectiveness of EV charging networks, fostering greater adoption of electric vehicles and supporting sustainable energy initiatives. Future research directions include enhancing MARL adaptability and scalability as well as integrating predictive analytics for proactive network optimization and sustainability. These advancements promise to further refine the efficacy of EV charging networks, ensuring that they meet the growing demands of Thailand’s evolving electric mobility landscape.
Neurodevelopmental technologies in the medical rehabilitation of children with the consequences of perinatal damage to the central nervous system
Authors:   S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Centre for research and practice in medical rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khan M. A. ,   Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mikitchenko N. A. ,   S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Centre for research and practice in medical rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation; Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Degtyareva M. G. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Troyanovskaya E. A. ,   S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Centre for research and practice in medical rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation; Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shungarova Z. Kh. ,   Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lomaga I. A. ,   Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Modern medicine focuses on the development of effective methods of medical rehabilitation of children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system, which is due to the high risk of the formation of persistent motor disorders and disability of such patients. A promising area of physical rehabilitation of children with the consequences of perinatal CNS damage is the development and scientific substantiation of neurodevelopmental technologies. The purpose. Analyze scientific publications on the use of neurodevelopmental technologies in the medical rehabilitation of children with perinatal central nervous system damage. Material and methods. The selection of publications for the literature review was carried out using the main databases eLibrary, PubMed, Cochrane Library with a search depth of 10 years. Results. Based on the analysis, data on the beneficial effect of neurodevelopmental technologies on muscle tone, motor development indicators, postural balance are presented, and their contribution to the formation of age-related motor skills in children with the consequences of perinatal central nervous system damage is established. In comparative studies, the advantage of Bobat therapy in initial hypertension and Voita therapy in patients with hypotension has been revealed.
Do reusables pose greater infectious risks than disposables for consumer goods? A systematic literature review
Authors: Ira Sanjidah Ahmed , Sherry Brooke Elise , Amin Ruhana , Abdul-Hamid Ma-sum , Roberts Timothy , Hochman Sarah , Thiel Cassandra L.
Published: October 2024

Increased concern over climate change and the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus resulted in a clash of political directives around reusable and disposable food serviceware. Decreasing single-use items will likely reduce consumption and environmental emissions; however, improper cleaning of reusable items could result in greater risks of disease transmission. We sought to assess the risks of reusable and disposable food serviceware and document disinfection protocols by conducting a systematic literature review of articles that assessed materials or products that could be fomites to specific food-borne pathogens. After initial screening, the study team extracted data from 122 articles. The most common pathogens studied were E. coli (25% of included studies), general bacteria (24%), and Norovirus (16%). Thirteen studies (8%) focused on SARS-CoV-2. A majority of studies analyzed plastics (27%), stainless steel (22%), or porous surfaces such as paper and cardboard (12%). Forty seven of the studies (35%) were conducted in a food service setting, and 40 studies (30%) tested disinfection techniques. Despite a large body of related literature, there is very little evidence suggesting that either reusable or disposable food serviceware is safer for minimizing infectious risks. Pathogens can survive on various fomites, though greater surface porosity and higher humidity levels increase viability of most pathogens. There appear to be no major differences in pathogen viability on various fomites. There is a paucity of research that can specifically aid in developing policy or guidelines for appropriate use of reusable food serviceware. Though given recent studies on SARS-CoV-2, banning reusable bags and food serviceware is an inappropriate response to this particular pathogen, which is rarely spread through surface contact. Further research is needed that explicitly studies pathogen viability, transmission risks, and appropriate disinfection techniques for disposable and reusable food serviceware in order to devise effective sustainability policies.
INFRAESTRUTURA VERDE EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Oliveira Alesandra Rafael de
Published: October 2024

Este artigo objetiva analisar a infraestrutura verde de quatro unidades de Educação Infantil localizadas em Curitiba/PR. Por meio de mapeamento geográfico através de sistema de geoprocessamento, intenta-se identificar  a existência de diferenças estruturais no que diz respeito ao espaço destinado às áreas verdes presentes nas primeiras unidades inauguradas na cidade, se comparadas às unidades educativas inauguradas recentemente. Essa pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza exploratória e interpretativa, fundamentada na Dimensão Institucional, proposta por Vainer et al., (2012). Concluímos que  as políticas públicas de infra-estrutura na cidade de Curitiba, têm proporcionado mudanças sociais e ambientais, ampliando gradativamente os espaços verdes em suas instituições educativas.
Prevalence of urinary metabolic disorders and risk factors of kidney stones in Iranian children
Authors: Pournasiri Zahra , Mohkam Masoumeh , Pourpashang Paniz , Esmailvandi Sara , Owliaey Hamid
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis, characterized by the formation of calculi in the kidney and lower urinary tract, respectively, pose a significant health concern for millions of children worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: This research aims to explore the prevalence of abnormal concentrations of urinary solutes as potential risk factors for kidney stones in Iranian children under the age of 14 years. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional investigation spanning from January 2021 to January 2022 targeted children diagnosed with nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis through renal sonography, who were subsequently referred to the nephrology outpatient department of our hospital or our private pediatric nephrology office. Laboratory assessments encompassed urine calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid, creatinine, and urine cystine. Demographic attributes, stone composition (when available), and urinary metabolic disorders were scrutinized. Data analysis involved SPSS version 24, utilizing descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency, categorized by variable type. Chi-square tests were employed for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold set at P<0.05. Results: The study encompassed 486 children, with a mean age of 55.58 months and a male majority of 50.8%. Among those with kidney stones, 77.2% exhibited unilateral stones, while 22.8% presented with bilateral stones. Predominant urinary metabolic disorders included hypercalciuria (30.2%), hyperuricosuria (22.6%), and hyperoxaluria (20.6%). Notably, 25.7% of the children manifested a combination of multiple metabolic disorders. Significant variations in the prevalence of hyperuricosuria were observed across different age groups. Boys exhibited higher incidences of hypercalcemia and metabolic abnormalities compared to girls, though no statistically significant differences were noted in other disorders. Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate the presence of abnormal urinary metabolic risk factors in over half of children diagnosed with kidney stones. Hypercalciuria was the more frequent risk factor following hyperuricosuria and hyperoxaluria, cystinuria with prevalence of 30.2%, 22.6%, 20.6%, and (2.1%) respectively.
The recreational and economic value of Florida beaches
Authors: Houston James R.
Published: October 2024

Florida is the world’s top travel destination and. if it were its own country, it would have more tourist visits than any other country. Its sandy beaches extend a shoreline length almost as great as the combined lengths of sandy beaches in California, Texas, and North Carolina. Florida’s beaches are easily America’s recreational playground. Every year, Florida beaches attract approximately 70% more day visits than combined attendance at national parks, college and professional sports, amusement parks, cruises, and NASCAR events. Beach tourism plays a huge role in Florida’s economy. Manufacturing and residential construction are major industries in Florida, but their revenues are each a fraction of beach-oriented tourist spending. Florida’s farmland, ranches, and forests cover 75% of its land area, but beach-oriented tourist spending is more than 10 times the total receipts of all Florida agriculture and forestry. Beach-oriented tourists generate $23.3 billion in tax revenues annually. These tax revenues are more than double the combined salaries of Florida K-12 public school teachers, law enforcement officers, and instructors at colleges and universities. Some Florida beaches have sand deficits because dams on rivers have blocked sand that normally would flow to the coast, and navigation projects have diverted sand out of the littoral system to ebb and flood shoals. Beach nourishment has then been needed to restore and maintain the beaches. Beaches widened by nourishment have not only been a magnet for tourists, but have also protected bil- lions of dollars of shore infrastructure from hurricanes. Beach nourishment has been a bargain, with beach-oriented tourists in Florida generating six times more tax revenues each year than have been spent on Florida beach nourishment during the 80 years from 1944-2023 (in 2022 dollars to account for inflation). Most Florida beach nourishment has been placed in the past 50 years, and beach-oriented tourists have generated $310 dollars in tax revenues and $1070 in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) annually for every $1 spent on beach nourishment. Miami Beach is a good example of the economic benefits of beach nourishment. It had almost no beach in the mid-1970s because of erosion, causing tourism to drop rapidly and itself to become a “seedy backwater of debt-ridden hotels.” Beach nourishment starting in 1978 caused a boom in tourism, and today Miami Beach has the most valuable property in Florida — worth more than the value of all Florida cropland. Miami Beach has had a return of $550 in tourist-generated taxes and $3900 in GDP for every $1 spent on beach nourishment.
ЛЕСНАЯ БИОЭКОНОМИКА И УСТОЙЧИВОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЛЕСАМИ. АГРОЛЕСОВОДСТВО
Authors: МУРАВЬЕВА М.А. , НАЗАРОВА О.Г.
Published: October 2024

Основная задача человеческого общества на данном этапе развития заключается в поиске рационального и максимально устойчивого способа существования, производства и потребления. Хозяйствующие субъекты все больше обращают внимание на разработку таких внутренних и внешних стратегий своего развития, которые имеют «зеленое» направление. В связи с этим в данной статье нами рассматриваются вопросы и проблемы лесной биоэкономики как объекта маркетинга, связанные с развитием такого направления, как агролесоводство. Предлагаются пути решения представленных проблем. Агролесоводство представляет собой совокупный подход, использующий все те преимущества, которые можно получить, если совместить деревья и кусты с культурами сельскохозяйственного назначения и (или) домашним скотом. Рассматриваемый подход включает не только сельскохозяйственные, но и лесоводческие технологии, которые в совокупности создаст более разнообразные, благотворные, рентабельные, продуктивные и устойчивые системы по использованию земельных ресурсов. Перед методами лесоводства и сельского хозяйства, которые относятся к традиционным, методы, применяемые в агролесоводстве, несомненно имеют определённые преимущества. Их использование подразумевает повышенную продуктивность, экономическую выгоду и большое разнообразие экологической продукции, а, следовательно, являются элементами устойчивого управления лесами.

The main task of human society at this stage of development is to find a rational and most sustainable way of existence, production and consumption. Business entities are increasingly paying attention to the development of such internal and external strategies for their development, which have a "green" direction. In this regard, in this article we consider the issues and problems of forest bioeconomics as an object of marketing related to the development of such a direction as agroforestry. Ways of solving the presented problems are proposed. Agroforestry is a holistic approach, utilizing all the benefits that can be gained by combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock. The approach under consideration includes not only agricultural but also forestry technologies, which together will create more diverse, beneficial, cost-effective, productive and sustainable systems for the use of land resources. Over traditional forestry and agricultural methods, agroforestry methods undoubtedly have certain advantages. Their use implies increased productivity, economic benefits and a wide variety of ecological products, and, therefore, are elements of sustainable forest management.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОЛИТИКИ ЦЕНОВОЙ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ БАНКА РОССИИ НА СОСТОЯНИЕ БАНКОВСКОГО СЕКТОРА РФ
Authors: ТЕРШУКОВА М.Б. , УГОЛЬНОВ Д.В.
Published: October 2024

Исследование посвящено оценке влияния, реализуемого Банком России денежнокредитного регулирования на ключевые показатели банковского сектора РФ. Рассмотрены теоретические положения денежно-кредитного и банковского регулирований, систематизированы их инструменты. Авторами оценены в динамике величина ключевой ставки Банка России и средневзвешенных ставок по кредитам и депозитам, объемов обязательных резервов и совокупной банковской ликвидности. По итогам исследования сделан вывод о том, что косвенные инструменты денежно-кредитного и банковского регулирований едины. Они опосредованно воздействуют на состояние банковского сектора РФ через формирование рыночной конъюнктуры и в комплексе обеспечивают ценовую стабильность и стабильность банковской системы РФ.

The study is devoted to assessing the impact of monetary regulation implemented by the Bank of Russia on key indicators of the banking sector of the Russian Federation. The theoretical provisions of monetary and banking regulations are considered, and their tools are systematized. The authors estimated the dynamics of the value of the key rate of the Bank of Russia and the weighted average interest rates on loans and deposits, the volume of mandatory reserves and total bank liquidity. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the indirect instruments of monetary and banking regulation are the same. They indirectly affect the state of the banking sector of the Russian Federation through the formation of market conditions and together ensure price stability and stability of the banking system of the Russian Federation.