bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SORUMLU LİDERLİK: BİR ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ÖZKAN Osman Seray , ÜZÜM Burcu
Published: December 2021

Sorumlu liderlik; örgütün iç ve dış tüm paydaşlarında güven oluşturacak ilişkiler kurmak, ortak ve paylaşılan bir vizyon yaratmak için sorumluluk odaklı faaliyetleri tasarlama ve yürürlüğe koyma yeteneği olarak ifade edilebilir. Uluslararası literatürde son yıllarda sorumlu liderlik kavramına yönelik artan bir ilgi olmasına rağmen, ulusal literatürdeki yayın sayısının sınırlı düzeyde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla araştırma, bu eksikliği gidermeyi ve Sorumlu Liderlik Ölçeği’ni Türkçe’ye kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, yönetici olmayan hizmet sektörü çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Geçerlik kapsamında yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, toplam varyansın %74’ünü açıklayan, orijinal ölçekle uyumlu şekilde beş maddeli ve tek faktörlü bir ölçüm aracı elde edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ise modelin oldukça yüksek uyum değerlerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin birleşme ve ayrışma geçerliğinden sonra ölçüm denkliği de hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma, ölçüm denkliği sayesinde diğer ölçek uyarlama araştırmalarından ayrılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ölçeğin Türk kültür yapısı ile uyumlu, güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçüm aracı olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
Novel Cognitive Functions Arise at the Convergence of Macroscale Gradients
Authors: Jung Heejung , Wager Tor D. , Carter R. McKell
Published: December 2021

Functions in higher-order brain regions are the source of extensive debate. Past trends have been to describe the brain in terms of a set of functional modules, especially posterior cortical areas, but a new emerging paradigm focuses on interactions between neighboring representations. In this review, we synthesize emerging evidence that a variety of novel functions in the higher-order brain regions are due to convergence. Convergence of macroscale gradients brings feature-rich representations into close proximity, presenting an opportunity for novel functions to arise. Using the TPJ as an example, we demonstrate that convergent areas have three properties, they: (1) are at the peak of the processing hierarchy, (2) combine the most abstracted representations, and (3) are equidistant from other convergent areas. As information moves from primary sensory cortices to higher-order brain regions, it becomes abstracted and hierarchical. Eventually, these processing gradients converge at a point equally and maximally distant from their sensory origins. This convergence, which produces multifaceted cognitive functions, such as mentalizing another person's thoughts or projecting into a future space, parallels evolutionary and developmental characteristics of such regions, resulting in new cognitive and affective faculties.
Going Beyond Rote Auditory Learning: Neural Patterns of Generalized Auditory Learning
Authors: Heald Shannon L. M. , Van Hedger Stephen C. , Veillette John , Reis Katherine , Snyder Joel S. , Nusbaum Howard C.
Published: December 2021

The ability to generalize across specific experiences is vital for the recognition of new patterns, especially in speech perception considering acoustic–phonetic pattern variability. Indeed, behavioral research has demonstrated that listeners are able via a process of generalized learning to leverage their experiences of past words said by difficult-to-understand talker to improve their understanding for new words said by that talker. Here, we examine differences in neural responses to generalized versus rote learning in auditory cortical processing by training listeners to understand a novel synthetic talker. Using a pretest–posttest design with EEG, participants were trained using either (1) a large inventory of words where no words were repeated across the experiment (generalized learning) or (2) a small inventory of words where words were repeated (rote learning). Analysis of long-latency auditory evoked potentials at pretest and posttest revealed that rote and generalized learning both produced rapid changes in auditory processing, yet the nature of these changes differed. Generalized learning was marked by an amplitude reduction in the N1–P2 complex and by the presence of a late negativity wave in the auditory evoked potential following training; rote learning was marked only by temporally later scalp topography differences. The early N1–P2 change, found only for generalized learning, is consistent with an active processing account of speech perception, which proposes that the ability to rapidly adjust to the specific vocal characteristics of a new talker (for which rote learning is rare) relies on attentional mechanisms to selectively modify early auditory processing sensitivity.
Revisiting the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobe in Motor Learning
Authors: McDougle Samuel D. , Wilterson Sarah A. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. , Taylor Jordan A.
Published: December 2021

Classic taxonomies of memory distinguish explicit and implicit memory systems, placing motor skills squarely in the latter branch. This assertion is in part a consequence of foundational discoveries showing significant motor learning in amnesics. Those findings suggest that declarative memory processes in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) do not contribute to motor learning. Here, we revisit this issue, testing an individual (L. S. J.) with severe MTL damage on four motor learning tasks and comparing her performance to age-matched controls. Consistent with previous findings in amnesics, we observed that L. S. J. could improve motor performance despite having significantly impaired declarative memory. However, she tended to perform poorly relative to age-matched controls, with deficits apparently related to flexible action selection. Further supporting an action selection deficit, L. S. J. fully failed to learn a task that required the acquisition of arbitrary action–outcome associations. We thus propose a modest revision to the classic taxonomic model: Although MTL-dependent memory processes are not necessary for some motor learning to occur, they play a significant role in the acquisition, implementation, and retrieval of action selection strategies. These findings have implications for our understanding of the neural correlates of motor learning, the psychological mechanisms of skill, and the theory of multiple memory systems.
Introduction
Authors: Bellamy Alex J. , Šimonović Ivan
Published: December 2021

Atrocity prevention is a difficult and complex undertaking, one that needs concerted effort by multiple stakeholders to be successful. This article seeks to help bridge the acknowledged gap between the promise of atrocity prevention and its implementation by providing an introduction about lessons learned from various case studies. By doing so, it seeks to develop an evidence base of effective atrocity prevention efforts to benefit practitioners of atrocity prevention. To ensure the evaluation is as rigorous as possible, five principles were incorporated into the research. One, to apply a reasonableness test so as not to confuse association with causation. Two, use a mixed methods approach for data collection. Three, triangulate data with multiple sources. Four, validate data with participants and experts to determine a level of accuracy. And five, consider a counterfactual argument of what would have happened if the preventive action(s) had not occurred.
Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aning Kwesi
Published: December 2021

Côte d’Ivoire first experienced a civil war in 2002, but the country’s rapid socio-political disintegration after the demise of Félix Houphouët-Boigny in 1993 produced several risk factors that would eventually culminate in atrocity crimes between 2010 and 2011. This article identifies a weak state that only exercised jurisdiction over the south of the country, years of instability driven by horizontal inequalities and an identity crisis, past abuses that had gone unpunished, and election disputes that served as triggers for atrocity crimes. The deeply polarized nature of Ivorian society meant that local mechanisms for resolving disputes and building peace were not wholly effective, even though they helped to resolve disputes and prevent violence in some local communities. Findings from the Ivorian case demonstrate the need to pay closer attention to the structural and proximate factors that underpin conflicts. Côte d’Ivoire also presents lessons on the need for decisive action in the face of unfolding atrocity crimes. There was a need for timely and decisive response in accordance with the principles of R2P. Nonetheless military intervention was delayed for months, resulting in avoidable fatalities.
Lessons in Atrocity Prevention: A Closer Look at Guinea
Authors: Stefan Cristina G.
Published: December 2021

This article identifies the most significant atrocity risk factors and their indicators in accordance with the UN Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes and provides a taxonomy of measures, taken by a variety of external and internal stakeholders, in different combinations, which reduced the risk of atrocity crimes reoccurring after the 2009 stadium massacre in Conakry, Guinea. On the 28th of September 2009, 157 protesters were killed, at least 1200 were injured, and over 100 women were raped by security forces in a stadium in Conakry. The UN’s Commission of Inquiry (coi) concluded that these crimes committed by the security forces amounted to crimes against humanity. The efforts to halt further violence and prevent the commission of crimes post-2009 stadium massacre were varied and encompassed regional and international preventive diplomacy. The coordination of a coherent political strategy among international, regional and sub-regional actors in the Guinean context contributed towards the perceived success in preventing further atrocities in Guinea, post-2009 massacre. Importantly, Guinea is not a typical example in terms of atrocity and conflict prevention, due to a unique regional and global dynamics that allowed for a rapid and rather coherent response to the September 2009 stadium massacre.
Phantom Porcelains: Zhangzhou and Yoshida Polychrome Dishes with Seal Design
Authors: Yang Diana X.
Published: December 2021

Zhangzhou ceramics, coarsely potted with thick glaze and sandy feet, were mass-produced in southern Fujian during the late Ming and early Qing periods. The rise of the Zhangzhou kiln complex was an outcome of expanding maritime trade since the Jiajing period (1522–1566) and Zhangzhou production reached a climax in the Wanli period (1572–1620). The Fujianese workshops created a whole spectrum of porcelain products, ranging from monochrome pieces to blue-and-white and polychrome ones. Of the decorative vocabulary that is unique to Zhangzhou kilns, the pavilion and seal design (previously known as the “Split Pagoda” motif) is noteworthy for its decorative originality and transnational appeal. Through a close examination of typical Zhangzhou dishes with seal design, the paper points out that the intriguing theme fuses Daoist ideals with Confucian-recluses’ pursuits. The pluralism in the symbolic meanings of the pattern enhances the marketability of this type of Zhangzhou ware. Around the 1650s, Japanese potters in the Yoshida workshops of Ureshino, Hizen province on the Island of Kyushu started to incorporate the Zhangzhou designs into their local decorative repertoire. But instead of faithfully imitating the seal pattern from the Fujianese prototype, Yoshida decorators seamlessly wove Japanese fashion into Chinese-inspired motifs. Popular designs from nearby Arita, the porcelain capital of Japan, further stimulated Yoshida artisans to create affordable fusion-style products for Southeast Asian markets that were yet to be dominated by prestigious Hizen porcelains. However, the efflorescence of Yoshida porcelains with seal design was rather short-lived due to limited native resources and fierce competition in and outside Kyushu.
Próby tworzenia polskich terminów gramatycznych. Na przykładzie rękopisów Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy
Authors: Łuczak Arleta
Published: December 2021

Attempts to Create Polish Grammatical Terms: The Case of Manuscripts by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia This article is devoted to presumably the oldest preserved grammatical terminology in the Polish language, which appears in two Latin-Polish manu­scripts by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia of 1532 (S) and 1544 (R). The second dictionary (1544) is especially worth considering as it contains much larger lexical material in the field of grammar. The author made terminological notes mainly in special sections devoted to grammatical terms, which contain about 100 Latin entries with Polish renderings. We can also find such notes on the margins of Johann Reuchlin’s print (1488). On the basis of the new (Polish-Latin) edition of the dictionary by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia (1999–2019), I present the Latin names of eight parts of speech with the Polish explanations (words, phrases, sentences, etc.) and 37 Latin and Polish headwords connected with the Latin category nomen. Próby tworzenia polskich terminów gramatycznych. Na przykładzie rękopisów Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy Artykuł nawiązuje do najstarszej – jak można sądzić – zachowanej w języku polskim terminologii gramatycznej, występującej w łacińsko-polskich ręko­pisach Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy z lat 1532 (S) i 1544 (R). Zapisy z dziedziny gramatyki Bartłomiej odnotował głównie w nomenklatorach, gdzie występuje ok. 100 terminów łacińskich z polskimi objaśnieniami, a także na marginesach druku J. Reuchlina. Na podstawie obecnej edycji słownika, zawierającej materiał z S i R, pt. Słownik Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy: Wersja polsko-łacińska (1999–2019) przedstawiłam nazwy polskie dla 8 łacińskich części mowy oraz kategorii nomen, w zakresie różnorodnego doboru słownictwa np. figura – prosty kształt, ut doctus; figura composita in grammatica nominum – złożone wyobrażenie jimion, ut indecens niesłuszny, impotens niemocny. Wyekscerpowałam dla tych pojęć 37 terminów łacińskich z polskimi odpowiednikami.
Construction and Validation of the Legitimizing Income Inequality Scale
Authors: Coleman Jeremy J. , Garriott Patton O. , Kosmicki Mia T.
Published: December 2021

Although income inequality has become a focus of political and social discourse, counseling psychology research examining correlates and consequences of legitimizing income inequality remains sparse. A significant barrier to the study of income inequality is the lack of available measures to assess attitudes toward socioeconomic inequality. The purpose of this study was to develop and provide initial validity evidence for the Legitimizing Income Inequality Scale (LIIS). Results supported a bifactor structure for the LIIS with a general factor (ω = .95) and subfactors measuring Social Welfare Beliefs (ω = .92), Economic Fatalism (ω = .87), and Economic Meritocracy Beliefs (ω = .90). The LIIS significantly correlated in theoretically consistent directions with scores on measures of classist attitudes, socioeconomic conservatism, impression management, and colorblind racial attitudes. Implications for future research and training using the LIIS are provided.
Time-varying output formation-tracking of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with time-varying delays and switching topologies
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Hua Yongzhao , Dong Xiwang , Yu Jianglong , Ren Zhang
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the time-varying output formation (TVOF) tracking control of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems (HL-MASs) with both delays and switching topologies, where the followers’ outputs can move along the reference trajectory generated by the leaders and maintain the desired time-varying formation. First, a distributed observer is proposed for each follower, aiming to estimate the convex combination of leaders’ state with both communication delays and switching graphs. The observer’s error for heterogeneous MASs is analyzed based on Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Second, the observer is incorporated into the output formation tracking protocol. Then, an algorithm is put forward to calculate the control feedback gains and the formation tracking feasibility constraint is also provided. Furthermore, the convergence of the formation tracking error is proved. At last, the effectiveness of this proposed method is validated through a numerical simulation.
Robust LPV models identification approach based on shifted asymmetric Laplace distribution
Authors: Xu Chao , Yang Xianqiang , Yu Miao
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the robust parameters estimation algorithm of linear parameters varying (LPV) models. The classical robust identification techniques deal with the polluted training data, for example, outliers in white noise. The paper extends this robustness to both symmetric and asymmetric noise with outliers to achieve stronger robustness. Without the assumption of Gaussian white noise pollution, the paper employs asymmetric Laplace distribution to model broader noise, especially the asymmetrically distributed noise, since it is an asymmetric heavy-tailed distribution. Furthermore, the asymmetric Laplace (AL) distribution is represented as the product of Gaussian distribution and exponential distribution to decompose this complex AL distribution. Then, a shifted parameter is introduced as the regression term to connect the probabilistic models of the noise and the predict output that obeys shifted AL distribution. In this way, the posterior probability distribution of the unobserved variables could be deduced and the robust parameters estimation problem is solved in the general Expectation Maximization algorithm framework. To demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm, a numerical simulation example is employed to identify the parameters of LPV models and to illustrate the convergence.
Microscopic 3D reconstruction based on point cloud data generated using defocused images
Authors: Liu Xiangjun , Zheng Wenfeng , Mou Yuanyuan , Li Yulin , Yin Lirong
Published: December 2021

Most of the 3D reconstruction requirements of microscopic scenes exist in industrial detection, and this scene requires real-time object reconstruction and can get object surface information quickly. However, this demand is challenging to obtain for micro scenarios. The reason is that the microscope’s depth of field is shallow, and it is easy to blur the image because the object’s surface is not in the focus plane. Under the video microscope, the images taken frame by frame are mostly defocused images. In the process of 3D reconstruction, a single sheet or a few 2D images are used for geometric-optical calculation, and the affine transformation is used to obtain the 3D information of the object and complete the 3D reconstruction. The feature of defocus image is that its complete information needs to be restored by a whole set of single view defocus image sequences. The defocused image cannot complete the task of affine transformation due to the lack of information. Therefore, using defocus image sequence to restore 3D information has higher processing difficulty than ordinary scenes, and the real-time performance is more difficult to guarantee. In this paper, the surface reconstruction process based on point-cloud data is studied. A Delaunay triangulation method based on plane projection and synthesis algorithm is used to complete surface fitting. Finally, the 3D reconstruction experiment of the collected image sequence is completed. The experimental results show that the reconstructed surface conforms to the surface contour information of the selected object.
Substance Involvement and Probation Outcomes: Evidence From a Cohort Study
Authors: Galvin Miranda A. , Davidson Kimberly M. , Kleiman Matthew
Published: December 2021

Substance use disorders are common among justice-involved populations, the majority of whom are under community supervision in the form of probation. Substance involvement can amplify the challenges of complying with requirements of probation supervision, violations of which can lead to incarceration. In this study, we assess the role of substance involvement in violations of probation conditions across 47 counties representing 70% of individuals sentenced to probation in the state of Pennsylvania. We also consider the role of court-ordered treatment. We conclude by estimating the consequences of resentencing for substance-involved individuals in Pennsylvania (in incarceration and supervision days). Results suggest that individuals who are substance-involved are at greater risk of technical violations. However, treatment may reduce some negative outcomes for substance-involved individuals. Court-ordered treatment was associated with a reduction in the likelihood of being resentenced for a new offense relative to individuals who were substance-involved but not ordered to treatment.
Advancing Research Within Asian American Psychology Using Asian Critical Race Theory and an Asian Americanist Perspective
Authors: Yoo Hyung Chol , Gabriel Abigail K. , Okazaki Sumie
Published: December 2021

Research within Asian American psychology continually grows to include a range of topics that expand on the heterogeneity, hybridity, and multiplicity of the Asian American psychological experience. Still, research focused on distinct racialization and psychological processes of Asians in America is limited. To advance scientific knowledge on the study of race and racism in the lives of Asian Americans, we draw on Asian critical race theory and an Asian Americanist perspective that emphasizes the unique history of oppression, resilience, and resistance among Asian Americans. First, we discuss the rationale and significance of applying Asian critical race theory to Asian American psychology. Second, we review the racialized history of Asians in America, including the dissemination of essentialist stereotypes (e.g., perpetual foreigner, model minority, and sexual deviants) and the political formation of an Asian American racial identity beginning in the late 1960s. We emphasize that this history is inextricably linked to how race and racism is understood and studied today in Asian American psychology. Finally, we discuss the implications of Asian critical race theory and an Asian Americanist perspective to research within Asian American psychology and conclude with suggestions for future research to advance current theory and methodology.
Consumer Medicine’s Origins and Harms
Authors: Lisanti Christopher J. , Lisanti Samuel E.
Published: December 2021

Consumer medicine consists of medical interventions pursued for non–health-related goals with the locus of the goals residing solely with the patient. Currently, contraceptives, abortion, cosmetic procedures, and physician-assisted suicide (PAS)/euthanasia fall in this category. Consumer medicine originates from the fusion of expressive individualism with its sole focus on the subjective psychological well-being intersecting with an expansion of health now including well-being combined with an exaltation of autonomy. Expressive individualism is inward-focused and entirely subjective reducing the human to a psychologic self while instrumentalizing the biological and social dimensions and neglecting the spiritual dimension. Expressive individualism is currently manifested through economic activity (career and consumption) and particularly sexual expression. This contrasts with the holistic biopsychosocial-spiritual model of health with its deep inter-relationships and prioritization of the spiritual. Consumer medicine has damaged the profession of medicine. Physicians now have conflicting roles of healer versus body engineer, and conflicting obligations to do no harm while performing medical harms unrelated to objective health. There is now division within medicine and increasing external state regulations both seriously harming its professional status. The traditional teleologically driven ethical framework that is objectively disease-focused is now confused with a subjective list of non–health-related values as goals for medical interventions leading to an incoherent ethical framework. Biologic solutions best address biological problems and do not effectively address psychological, social, or even spiritual problems but rather make them worse. Medicine now reinforces and is complicit with expressive individualism and its attendant shallow and narrow understanding of what it means to be human with the current valuation of sexual expression and economic activity. Medical harms and social costs have resulted while challenging the value of those who are disabled, elderly, or marginalized. This shallow view has likely fueled the current existential crisis contributing to the marked increase in PAS/euthanasia in the West.

Summary: Consumer medicine currently includes contraceptives, abortion, cosmetic procedures, and physician-assisted suicide (PAS)/euthanasia. These medical interventions are pursued for subjective non–health-related goals as opposed to the traditional goal of treating sick patients for their objective health. Consumer medicine’s origins lie in the intersection of expressive individualism, the exaltation of patient autonomy combined with health’s redefinition as subjective well-being. This has resulted in harms to the profession of medicine, ethical incoherence, and medical injury. Consumer medicine promotes a truncated understanding of the human at odds with the biopsychosocial-spiritual model and human flourishing. This has likely contributed to the rise of PAS/euthanasia.
Guidance for Teachers: A Review of Facets of an Academic’s Life: A Memoir
Authors: Woody William Douglas
Published: December 2021

Introduction

This paper reviews Facets of an Academic’s Life: A Memoir by Michael Wertheimer, with an eye toward practical guidance for teachers of psychology.

Teaching Implications

Wertheimer provides a rich review of his experiences, intermixed with important lessons for teachers of psychology alongside the foundational scientific and pedagogical values of curiosity, skepticism, and humility. Practical lessons include recommendations for shaping the teaching of psychology through service and leadership as well as through scholarship and teaching. Additionally, Wertheimer’s detailed descriptions of people and events can provide otherwise-inaccessible content for teachers who examine the history of psychology or who incorporate the historical foundations of psychology into their topical classes.

Conclusions

Wertheimer’s memoir has much to offer teachers of psychology. He provides practical recommendations as well as guidance about the foundations of science and teaching. The most important recommendations come from his rich life alongside academia and the balance between his wide-ranging professional and personal lives, particularly the importance of relationships, too often ignored in academic biographies.
Physical Therapy for Muscle Tension Dysphonia with Cervicalgia
Authors: Tate Alan D , Tomlinson Carey A , Francis David Oliver , Wishik Emily D , Lowery Anne S , Watkins Mariel O , Stewart Thomas G , Gong Wu H , Gilbert Mark R , Garrett C Gaelyn
Published: December 2021

Objectives

This study investigated the effectiveness of a specialized manual physical therapy (PT) program at improving voice among patients diagnosed with concomitant muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and cervicalgia at a tertiary care voice center.

Materials and Methods

Cervicalgia was determined by palpation of the anterior neck. Both voice therapy (VT) and PT was recommended for all patients diagnosed with MTD and cervicalgia. PT included full-body manual physical therapy with myofascial release. Patients underwent: 1) VT alone, 2) concurrent PT and VT (PT with VT), 3) PT alone, 4) VT, but did not have PT ordered by treating clinician (VT without PT order) or 5) VT followed by PT (VT then PT). The pairwise difference in post–Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) controlling for baseline variables was calculated with a linear regression model.

Results

178 patients met criteria. All groups showed improvement with treatment. The covariate-adjusted differences in mean post–VHI-10 improvement comparing the VT alone group as a reference were as follows: PT with VT 9.95 (95% confidence interval 7.70, 12.20); PT alone 8.31 (6.16, 10.45); VT without PT order 8.51 (5.55, 11.47); VT then PT 5.47 (2.51, 8.42).

Conclusion

Among patients diagnosed with MTD with cervicalgia, treatment with a specialized PT program was associated with improvement in VHI-10 scores regardless of whether they had VT. While VT is the standard of care for MTD, PT may also offer benefit for MTD patients with cervicalgia.
Supporting elementary gifted learners during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of teaching practices
Authors: Guilbault Keri M. , McCormick Kimberly
Published: December 2021

The present mixed methods study aimed to understand the challenges faced by teachers of the gifted and how elementary gifted learners were supported and taught during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was administered to 310 elementary school teachers of the gifted across the United States between March and June 2021, one year after initial school closings. Focus groups were utilized to further explore how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the work of teachers of the gifted in their schools. Educators shared lessons learned from this experience related to (a) a better understanding of how to utilize remote instruction, (b) reimagining the gifted education classroom, and (c) use of a variety of strategies to provide more student choice, differentiation, and individualized pace. Results from this study provide insights that can guide educators, curriculum specialists, and school administrators to improve online instruction for gifted learners in the future.
Development and investigation of the applicability of computed tomography data-based modelling technique for polymeric high-density foams
Authors: Hössinger-Kalteis Anna , Reiter Martin , Jerabek Michael , Major Zoltan
Published: December 2021

As foams have become very important in several areas and since characterizing their properties is a crucial task, a finite element simulation model for high-density closed cell foams based on computed tomography (CT) measurements is developed. The model includes realistic microstructural features like cell size distribution due to the utilization of CT data. Moreover, a ‘skin-core-skin’ microstructure resulting from the manufacturing process (injection moulding) of the foams is also considered in the model. The mechanical behaviour of the foam’s core layer under tension and compression load is characterized based on the microstructural model to develop constitutive material models of the foam. These constitutive models enable further mechanical characterization of the foam with less computational effort. Compression and bending test simulations of injection moulded foams with three different densities are validated with corresponding experimental results. Thus, conclusions can be drawn regarding the reliability, applicability and possible further extensions of the high-density foam model.
Blue lines and blues infrastructures: Notes on water, race, and space
Authors: Gaber Nadia
Published: December 2021

In Detroit, Michigan, the urban poor fear they are being displaced and replaced by water. As part of the city’s recent redevelopment efforts, planners have proposed creating green and blue infrastructure zones to manage urban flooding and mitigate the volume of overflow storm and sewer waters that pollute the Great Lakes each year. The areas slated for these water retention zones are the same marginal neighborhoods where Black residents face frequent foreclosures due to water debts and mass shutoffs from water and sewer services. This paper explores how water materializes and mediates uneven landscapes of livability, as well as new modes of living in common among those excluded from the urban commons. I introduce the concepts of “bluelining” and “blues infrastructures” in order to think through the contested assemblages of water, race, and space at the margins of urban life.
Antithrombin III infusion improves anticoagulation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Perry Tanya , Henry Brandon , Cooper David S , Keswani Sundeep G , Burton Kimberly S , Lim Foong-Yen , Chernoguz Artur , Frischer Jason S
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Achieving effective anticoagulation during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without increasing the risk of hemorrhage remains challenging. The use of antithrombin III (AT-III) for this purpose has been examined, but studies have been limited to intermittent bolus dosing. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an institutionally developed AT-III continuous infusion protocol in neonates receiving ECMO for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods

In this single center, retrospective study, all neonates with a CDH who received ECMO support during the study period were included. Data on anticoagulation labs and therapy, life-threatening bleeding, and circuit changes were analyzed.

Results

Eleven patients were divided into two groups: patients with AT-III continuous infusion ( n = 5) and without ( n = 6). There were no differences in the gestational age ( p = 0.29), sex ( p = 1.00), ECMO duration ( p = 0.59), or initial AT-III levels ( p = 0.76) between groups. Patients in the AT-III infusion group had on average 18.5% higher AT-III levels ( p < 0.0001). Patients receiving continuous AT-III infusions spent a significantly higher percentage of ECMO time within the therapeutic range, measured using anti-Factor Xa levels (64.9±4.2% vs. 29.1±8.57%, p = 0.008), and required fewer changes to the heparin infusion rate (6.48±0.88 vs 2.38±0.36 changes/day changes/day, p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed continuous infusion of AT-III did not increase the rate of intracranial or surgical bleeding ( p = 0.27).

Conclusion

AT-III as a continuous infusion in CDH neonates on ECMO provides a decreased need to modify heparin infusion and more consistent therapeutic anticoagulation without increasing the risk of life-threatening bleeding.
Clinical evaluation of two adult oxygenator systems in terms of mortality and major adverse events
Authors: Limandal Hüsnü Kamil , Kayğın Mehmet Ali , Ergün Servet , Özkara Taha , Diler Mevriye Serpil , Çüçen Hatice Işıl , Yıldız Ziya , Dağ Özgür
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of two oxygenator systems on major adverse events and mortality.

Methods

A total of 181 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the oxygenator used: Group M, in which a Medtronic Affinity (Medtronic Operational Headquarters, Minneapolis, MN, USA) oxygenator was used, and Group S, in which a Sorin Inspire (Sorin Group Italia, Mirandola, Italy) oxygenator was used.

Results

Group S consisted of 89 patients, whereas Group M included 92 patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age ( p = .112), weight ( p = .465), body surface area ( p = .956), or gender ( p = .484). There was no statistically significant difference in hemorrhage on the first or second postoperative day ( p = .318 and p = .455, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of red blood cell ( p = .468), fresh frozen plasma ( p = .116), or platelet concentrate transfusion ( p = .212). Infections, wound complications, and delayed sternal closure were significantly more common in Group M ( p = .006, p = .023, and p = .019, respectively). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators and intra-aortic balloon pumps were required significantly more frequently in Group S ( p = .025 and p = .013, respectively). Major adverse events occurred in 16 (18%) patients in Group S and 14 (15.2%) patients in Group M ( p = .382). Mortality was observed in six (6.7%) patients in Group S and three (3.3%) patients in Group M ( p = .232). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay ( p = .451).

Conclusion

The clinical outcomes of the two oxygenator systems, including mortality, major adverse events, hemorrhage, erythrocyte and platelet transfusions, and length of hospital stay, were similar.
Is trained communication about desire to die harmful for patients receiving palliative care? A cohort study
Authors: Voltz Raymond , Boström Kathleen , Dojan Thomas , Rosendahl Carolin , Gehrke Leonie , Shah-Hosseini Kija , Kremeike Kerstin
Published: December 2021

Background:

Palliative patients frequently express a desire to die. Health professionals report uncertainty regarding potential risks of addressing it.

Aim:

We aim to evaluate effects of desire to die-conversations on palliative patients.

Design:

Within a prospective mixed-methods cohort study, we trained health professionals in dealing with desire to die. Afterwards, they held conversations about it with patients. Effects on depressiveness, hopelessness, wish to hasten death, death anxiety, patient-health professional-relationship, and will to live were evaluated at baseline (t0), 1 (t1), and 6 weeks afterwards (t2). Results were analyzed descriptively.

Setting/participants:

From April 2018 to March 2020, 43 health professionals asked 173 patients from all stationary and ambulatory palliative care settings (within 80 km radius) for participation. Complete assessments were obtained from n = 85 (t0), n = 64 (t1), and n = 46 (t2).

Results:

At t1, patients scored significantly lower on depressiveness (med = 8, M = 8.1, SD = 5.4) than at t0 (med = 9.5, M = 10.5, SD = 5.8) with Z = −3.220, p = 0.001 and Cohen’s d = 0.42. This was due to medium-severely depressed patients: At t1, their depressiveness scores decreased significantly (med = 9, M = 9.8; SD = 5.1) compared to t0 (med = 14, M = 15.2; SD = 3.9) with Z = −3.730, p ⩽ 0.000 and Cohen’s d = 1.2, but others’ did not. All other outcomes showed positive descriptive trends.

Conclusions:

Desire to die-conversations through trained health professionals do not harm palliative patients. Results cautiously suggest temporary improvement.
Follow-up analysis and histopathological study of gastric mucosa in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Zhao Guang , Zhang Zhishang , Li Baohui , Huang Silin , Li Wensi , Zhu ChaoYa , Jiang Bo , He Songmao , Wang Yangkun , Wang Su’nan
Published: December 2021

Objective

To investigate the histomorphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and the prognosis in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Methods

Progressive damage to the gastric mucosa was examined by immunohistochemistry in 2294 patients with H. pylori infection and follow-up information was analyzed.

Results

H. pylori initially colonized the mucus layer covered by the gastric mucosa epithelium, then selectively adhered to and destroyed the surface mucus cells causing intra-gastric and extra-gastric lesions. Gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori was divided into five stages according to the depth of H. pylori invasion and degree of lesion deterioration: mucilaginous, surface mucocellular, lamina propria lesion, mucosal atrophy, and intraepithelial neoplasia stages. Morphological follow-up analysis revealed no significant difference in 6-month curative effects between stage I and stage II, but significant differences were found between stages II and III, stages III and IV, and between stages IV and stage V, respectively.

Conclusions

This novel staging strategy may be a valuable tool for diagnosing and predicting the results of gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori infection.
Effects of incretin-based therapies on β-cell function in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yucheng , Lu Yu , Yang Shufang , Zhang Qingqing
Published: December 2021

Aim

To assess the effects of incretin-based therapies on β-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases for eligible randomized clinical trials published up to July 2021. The inclusion criteria were patients with T1DM or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, patients treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and outcomes included one of the following: fasting plasma glucose, fasting C-peptide, postprandial C-peptide, C-peptide area under the curve (AUC), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function, and insulin resistance. The effects were analyzed using a random effect model with STATA 11.0.

Results

Eight trials including 427 participants were included in the final analysis. A pooled analysis found no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose, fasting C-peptide, postprandial C-peptide, or C-peptide AUC between patients treated with incretin-based therapies and placebo. The two trials that reported changes in 2-hour postprandial C-peptide and two of the four trials that reported changes in C-peptide AUC reported increases after incretin-based therapies.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed that incretin-based therapies did not preserve β-cell function in patients with T1DM.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with primary surgery
Authors: Wang Ke , Xu Xia , Xiao Ruotao , Du Danyi , Wang Luqi , Zhang Hanqing , Lv Zehong , Li Xiangping , Li Gang
Published: December 2021

Objective

We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) treated with primary surgery to provide more accurate risk stratification for patients.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data of 1144 eligible patients with HSCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation groups (ratio 6:4) and we used univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. We developed and validated a nomogram using calibration plots and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic, Kaplan–Meier, and decision curves.

Results

Age; marital status; T, N, and M stage; and postoperative adjuvant therapy were independent factors associated with CSS, which were included in the nomogram. The nomogram’s C-index was 0.705 to 0.723 in the training group and 0.681 to 0.736 in the validation group, which were significantly higher than conventional American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. Calibration curves showed good agreement between prediction and observation in both groups. Kaplan–Meier and decision curves suggested the nomogram had better risk stratification and net benefit than conventional AJCC staging.

Conclusions

We established a nomogram that was superior to conventional AJCC staging in predicting CSS for HSCC.
Exploring the educational experiences of children and young people adopted from care: Using the voices of children and parents to inform practice
Authors: Best Rebecca , Cameron Claire , Hill Vivian
Published: December 2021

National monitoring data and research suggest that British adopted children achieve poorer educational outcomes and experience higher levels of emotional, social and learning difficulties in school, compared to the general population. However, few studies have elicited the perspectives of adopted children and adoptive parents in relation to school experiences. The current study used a qualitative design to explore the lived educational experiences of adopted children through semi-structured interviews with 11 secondary-aged adoptees and a focus group with six adopters. Thematic analysis identified five themes within the narratives of the adoptees and adopters: inner turmoil; social disconnection; unsupportive school contexts; relational repair; and misperceptions and prejudice. These findings were presented to 20 Designated Teachers (DTs) within a workshop to explore how the experiences of the adoptees and adopters can be used to inform their role. Three themes were found, which illustrate broad implications for DTs’ practice with adopted children and adoptive parents in schools: raising awareness; developing relationships; and supporting emotional needs. Key implications for schools, post-adoption support services and policymakers are discussed.
How adopters’ and foster carers’ perceptions of ‘family’ affect communicative openness in post-adoption contact interactions
Authors: Macleod Fiona , Storey Lesley , Rushe Teresa , Kavanagh Michele , Agnew Francis , McLaughlin Katrina
Published: December 2021

This article explores the constructions of communicative openness following adoption. Data from three waves of interviews with six adoptive mothers and four foster carers were collected, transcribed verbatim and analysed in keeping with a social constructivist grounded theory methodology. The results show that the way ‘family’ is constructed can both facilitate and impede communicative openness. Those who hold a fluid, child-centred concept of family, are willing to construct it as different and can accept the ebb and flow of family membership intuitively and view such openness as a natural part of caring for children. Those with a more traditional, nuclear construction of family may associate adoption with fear, a sense of biological related competition and the need to control the controllable, all of which act as barriers to communicative openness. The study demonstrates that communicative openness is person and context sensitive and emphasises the need to think creatively and flexibly about the very nature of family.
Home Health Agencies With More Socially Vulnerable Patients Have Poorer Experience of Care Ratings
Authors: Wang Jinjiao , Ying Meiling , Li Yue
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Examine the relationships between dual eligibility and race/ethnicity characteristics of Medicare-Certified Home Health Agencies (CHHAs) and experience of care ratings.

Methods

Analysis of 2017 national Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems and matched datasets of 10,906 CHHAs

Results

CHHAs with higher concentrations of dual-eligible patients were less likely to have high experience of care ratings for all three domains (e.g., for care delivery, quartile 4 vs. 1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.622, p < .001); CHHAs with higher concentrations of racial/ethnic minorities generally were less likely to have high experience of care ratings in care delivery (e.g., Black: quartile 4 vs. 1: OR = 0.418, p<0.001), communication (e.g., Black: quartile 4 vs. 1: OR = 0.316, p<0.001), and specific care issues (e.g., Hispanic: quartile 4 vs. 1: OR = 0.397, p < .001).

Discussion

CHHAs with greater concentrations of dual-eligible patients and racial/ethnic minorities were more likely to have poor experience of care ratings.