bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength of cast-in-place slabs for rectangular cross-section columns punching
Authors: Istomin Andrey , Kudryavtsev Maksim
Published: May 2021

Flat slabs in contemporary buildings are most commonly supported by rectangular cross-section columns. Research of slabs supported by rectangular cross-section columns for punching is rather narrow. The purpose of this work was the experimental research of slabs punching by rectangular cross-section columns and adjustment of their design method. Reinforced concrete slabs 6 cm in thickness without transverse reinforcement were used as testing specimens. During tests load on the slab was transferred using stamps. Side ratios for stamps varied from 1 to 5 in experiments. Strength and strain properties of concrete were determined before slabs testing for punching. Ultimate loads, that resulted in slab punching, were acquired from test results. Formulae for punching load are suggested for rectangular cross-section columns punching based on obtained results. Generalized analysis of experimental research results shows that slab strength for punching is also influenced by short side of rectangular cross-section to slab thickness ratio.
Development of methods of operational and production management of construction of nuclear facilities
Authors: Sborshikov Sergey , Vvedenskiy Roman , Markova Irina
Published: May 2021

The adoption of appropriate tactical decisions is central to the organization of operational and production controlling in the construction industry. The article discusses the issues of using simulation modelling when optimizing the schedule for performing a complex of construction and installation works performed in the process of operational and production control.
Assessment of structural bearing capacity in case of internal explosion
Authors: Gorev Vyacheslav , Chelekova Evgeniya
Published: May 2021

The work has developed a method for determining the deformation of bent rod structures during an internal explosion. When consideration of a quasi-stationary explosion, a model load is proposed, taking into account the pressure rise section to the maximum value at the beginning of the explosion, then a stationary section and then a decline. The pressure in the stationary area is equal to more of the two peaks. With a sufficiently long stationary section, the maximum deformation is realized here, and is also determined from the energy balance. In the case of a short section of stationary pressure, maximum deformation develops towards the end of the explosion after a pressure drop. The solutions are suitable for describing deformation of beams with different fastening at the ends and are limited to the case when the maximum value of the load does not exceed the resistance of the structure. The results of the work can be used in assessing the load capacity of elements of explosive industries, residential premises, taking into account the action of protective structures.
Features for calculating beams with a thin transverse corrugated web plate considering bending-twisting forces
Authors: Tishkov Nikolay , Stepanenko Anatoliy
Published: May 2021

The article describes the features of the work of beams with a thin transverse corrugated web plate. Exponential fractional regression is presented, which allows one to estimate the relative height of web plate sections working together with flanges, obtained by the authors based on an analysis of numerical experiments. Based on the features of the work, a method is proposed for describing the stress state of an arbitrary cross-section of an I-beam with a thin transverse corrugated web plate (the profile of the corrugations is triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal) bent in the plane of the web plate and compressed in the longitudinal direction, using the theory of thin-web platted elastic rods by Professor V.Z. Vlasov. The calculations are given for determining the bending-twisting forces (local bending moments and bimoments arising from the action of the main forces) in an arbitrary cross section.
Modeling the stress-strain state of a circular plate subject to general corrosion according to various models
Authors: Ovchinnikov Ilya , Mavzovin Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Quite a lot of works have been devoted to the problem of modeling the behavior of thin-walled structures exposed to an aggressive environment leading to corrosive wear of their surface. Researchers have proposed a fairly large set of models of corrosive wear, taking into account the influence of various factors on the kinetics of corrosion (time, material, temperature, the nature of the corrosive environment, the stress-strain state of the structure). Moreover, different authors often propose different models for the same conditions. In the article under consideration, a rather unique comparative study of three corrosion models proposed by different authors (Dolinsky V.M., Gutman E.M., Ovchinnikov I.G.) was carried out to simulate the behavior of the same circular plate subjected to the combined action of load and corrosion wear and tear. Moreover, the identification of the models, that is, the determination of the coefficients included in them, was carried out using the same experimental data. These models were then used to simulate the behavior of plates subject to corrosive wear under various loads. The results of numerical simulation were compared with experimental data obtained during testing of corrosive plates. Interestingly, in the models used, the effect of the stress state on the kinetics of corrosion was taken into account using different invariants of the stress state: the stress intensity in V.M. Dolinsky, medium voltage in the model of E.M. Gutman, and the specific energy in the model of I.G. Ovchinnikov.

The analysis showed that the difference from the experiment when using the three models considered does not exceed 9.3%. The discrepancy between the results obtained using different models is also within the acceptable range, which suggests that all three models can be used to predict the behavior of plates under corrosive wear conditions. However, it is of interest to conduct research on the predictive capabilities of models on large forecast arms that go beyond the scope of experimental studies. At the same time, carrying out numerical experiments to simulate the behavior of complex structures in a stressed state and subject to corrosive wear, using several models that allow a good description of the experimental data and the most complete consideration of the operating conditions, makes it possible to obtain a more complete and versatile picture of what is happening in design processes, in comparison with the calculations performed according to one model, even if it describes the experimental data well.
Reliability and environmental safety of water and sewer pipelines
Authors: Primin Oleg , Gromov Grigory
Published: May 2021

The subject of the paper is the reliability and environmental safety of water supply and sewer pipelines of public water supply and sanitation systems. It is shown that the steadily increasing rate of deterioration of water supply and sewer networks in cities and communities in Russia, the limitations of material resources for their rehabilitation have aggravated the problem of ensuring their reliability in recent years. The paper presents the reasons for the low reliability of pipelines. It is shown that the determining criterion for the environmental safety of pipelines is reliability - one of the main quality indicators of any structure (system). The research method was a statistical estimation of the reliability indicators of water supply and sewer pipelines, and an analysis of the factors that shape their change. The paper results in suggestions for a planning strategy of the rehabilitation and renovation of pipelines and reduction of all types of water losses.
Comprehensive use of IT solutions to monitor the state of construction sites
Authors: Konikov Alexander , Garyaev Nikolay
Published: May 2021

The work examines new IT - solutions for monitoring the state of construction projects. Two areas are investigated: the first - monitoring of high-rise buildings and other large-scale objects, the second - monitoring of construction sites located in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The possibilities of integrated use of the following information technologies are considered: Machine Vision, Wireless Sensor Network WSN, Edge Computing. Other new IT solutions are also in the field of view of the study: Cloud Computing, the Internet of Things, etc. To improve the quality of monitoring, it is proposed to use advances in other subject areas - in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) and in the space area (geostationary satellite communications). The idea of using drones and artificial earth satellites to monitor objects (particularly buildings) is not new in itself, but the use of these devices as part of the proposed set of IT technologies allows to bring solutions in the construction industry to a qualitatively higher level.
Customer Engagement as the Basis for Technology Decisions in a Smart City
Authors: Davydova Tatiana , Turchenko Alla , Spivak Irina , Dubrovskaya Tatyana
Published: May 2021

This article examines the involvement of citizens in the process of making technological decisions aimed at developing a smart environment, from smart home to urban infrastructure. The study is based on an approach that takes into account the dual behavior of the consumer of smart services - passive and active behavior. Highlighted the contradictions that create obstacles to the effective functioning of the smart city: the selective multidirectionality of the smart city development strategy and sustainable development goals; developing smart solutions for citizens without taking into account their opinions; polar approach of smart city residents to involvement in the development and implementation of smart solutions. The risks associated with the likelihood of incomplete return from the use of smart solutions are identified: consumer distrust of data security and privacy; insufficient literacy of residents regarding understanding of smart technology management processes; significant financial costs and the orientation of smart solutions to wealthy citizens; lack of sufficient evidence of the effectiveness of using a number of smart solutions; the difficulty of implementing an integrated approach to ensuring the growth of the quality of life of citizens. In accordance with the concept of the study, two directions for mitigating or eliminating risks are proposed - depending on the significant or insignificant involvement of citizens. Specific measures have been developed to help mitigate and eliminate risks. The experience of the creation of the People’s Institute of the Voronezh State Technical University was used.
Space-planning solutions of the Quaker meetings house in Russia
Authors: Orlov Evgeny
Published: May 2021

Quakers are a Protestant trend in Christianity that was formed in England during the English bourgeois revolution. The peculiarities of this direction include the fact that Quakers hold prayer meetings for communion with God not in churches, but in fact, in ordinary rooms called Quaker Meeting Houses. At present, there is practically no research on the development of space-planning solutions for Quaker meetings houses, including developments in the design of engineering equipment for such types of buildings. Information was collected and analyzed on the need to design specific premises for comfortable holding of Quaker prayer meetings. The analysis was carried out according to the following criteria: the total area of the objects of the Quaker prayer meeting; availability of basic meeting rooms; availability of auxiliary premises; necessary engineering equipment; architectural and urban planning appearance of the building (including the building facades); urban planning situation, taking into account the improvement of territories. There were developed block- layout diagrams of premises for various functional purposes, a variant of space-planning solutions of a house for holding prayer meetings of Quakers in Russia, a draft proposal for its architectural appearance, as well as options for various systems of engineering equipment of buildings to ensure high comfort requirements.
Use of condensing economizers with developed surfaces to improve the energy efficiency of conventional gas-fired heat generators in boilers
Authors: Kosorukov Dmitriy , Aksenov Andrey
Published: May 2021

The current financial and economic programme in the Russian Federation is aimed at increasing energy efficiency in all areas of society. The most effective way of increasing the efficiency of boiler plant operation is to improve the technology of deep heat recovery from the heated flue gas from the chimney system of hot-water boilers. The physical essence of this phenomenon consists in cooling the escaping high-temperature combustion products of gaseous fuel, through contact with the cold surface of the heat exchanger, to a temperature below the dew point under the pressure in the convective bundle of the boiler. In this regard, we set a goal to develop the most efficient design of condensing economizer, which would allow us to obtain fuel economy of gas boiler at the level of operation of condensing heat generators. A practical model of a condensing economizer for increasing the efficiency of heat generators based on convection-type gas boilers has been created. A study has been carried out, the results of which allow us to conclude on the effectiveness of its use for individual and local heating of residential and public buildings.
The economic effect of the implementation of the differential pressure in the gas distribution
Authors: Zhila Viktor , Klochko Aleksey
Published: May 2021

This paper demonstrates the problem of calculating a rational piezometric pressure distribution graph in high-and medium-pressure gas distribution networks. These issues are particularly relevant in the design of gas distribution networks. In addition to the often used in practice design opportunities to reduce the cost of building gas distribution networks, rational choice of the optimal configuration of gas pipelines, which gives us the opportunity to get a large economic, as well as the effect of preserving the environment, it is also possible to use the pressure drop in the network. In total, with a rational choice of the scheme of organizing gas supply to consumers in localities, it is possible to get the maximum economic effect. It is important that modern equipment of this type allows to implement a single-stage scheme of gas distribution networks. Construction of natural gas pipelines we can use the available pressure drop in various technical solutions, but the reasonable distribution of the pressure drop between the network sections allows us to obtain a positive economic effect. The algorithm shown is proposed for use in the design of gas distribution networks of settlements of all types, and in the supply of natural gas to industrial enterprises.
Digitalization of the housing and communal services: development prospects
Authors: Dmitrieva Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

The subject of the research is to study the impact of modern digital technologies on the organization and management of public utilities within the framework of the concept of “smart HCS”, which ensures optimization of municipal budgets, reducing the costs of homeowners for the maintenance of real estate, and, as a result, improving the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of the study is to identify promising areas of digitalization of the housing and communal services sector (hereinafter referred to as HCS), creating comfortable and safe living conditions for citizens using smart technologies adapted to the “smart city” concept. In the course of the study, the methods of scientific analysis were used, including methods of analogies for generalization and comparative analysis of the digitalization of such areas as the “smart” housing sector and the “smart” utility sector. The result of the study is to highlight the most promising areas of digital transformation of the public utilities sector and the positive effect that can be obtained for each participant in this business process. As a conclusion, it should be noted that the active implementation of the concept of “smart HCS” will help in solving such problems as increasing the readiness of management companies and resource supplying organizations to use digital technologies for high-quality provision of public services to the population, intensifying work on the formation of a unified information environment for control and supervision in the field of HCS through the further development of SIS HCS, etc.
Digital Asset in the System of Real Estate Management
Authors: Bolshakov Nikolai , Plyako Anastasiya , Celani Alberto , Azhimova Liliya , Akimov Luka
Published: May 2021

This study examines the definition of a digital asset and considers its properties in the system of managing real estate that helps to reduce transaction costs. The intermediate results of the development of a service for digital asset management are presented. In practice, a method of accounting and using data about an object with the use of information modeling technologies is shown. The structure of the code from the point of view of programming is given. The proposed method is aimed at recording data throughout the entire life cycle of a capital construction facility with an emphasis on the operation & maintenance stage, as at the life cycle stage, the least susceptible to the introduction of information modeling technologies. The current research areas in the field of «digital asset» management and digital «asset management» are identified.
The use of digital technologies in building organizational and technological design
Authors: Kagan Pavel
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the development of digital technologies in construction. The relevance of the introduction of digital technologies in construction is determined by a set of tasks set in the light of the development of the entire digital economy of the country. Such basic regulatory documents as: “The Strategy for the Development of the Information Society of the Russian Federation for 2017-2030”, the Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 “On National Goals and Strategic Tasks of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2024” are considered. The problems of the innovative development of the construction industry require the integrated implementation of digital technologies in solving various problems in the production of building materials, construction design and, in fact, construction production. One of the main directions of digitalization of construction is the digitalization of design, since it is at this stage that the basic qualitative characteristics of future construction products are laid. In particular, the author examined the problems of automating the formation of organizational and technological documentation. The development trends of the digital economy in the construction industry are identified. The classification of the use of promising digital technologies in construction design and production is given. The existing system of designing organizational and technological documentation can no longer solve the problems listed above. The way out is seen in the creation of new digital technologies for the formation of organizational and technological documentation.
Optimizing parking lot design by Generative design approach
Authors: Babushkina Anna , Petrochenko Marina , Kukina Anna , Astafieva Natalia
Published: May 2021

The article describes how to transform the time-consuming process of selecting design solutions for parking spaces according to regulatory requirements and terms of reference by building information modelling (BIM). The main purpose of the work is to determine the possibility of applying a generative approach to the parking lot design by creating an optimization model of variant design. The process of selecting design solutions for parking is considered by using mathematical modeling and multi-criteria optimization. A mathematical description of finding the optimal solution on the region of admissible ratios is obtained both between the two types of parking spaces required by regulatory documents (type 1-Standard, with dimensions of 5.3 × 2.5 meters; type 2 - for People with Limited Mobility (PLM), with dimensions of 6.0 × 3.6 meters) and between the occupied area and the total number of parking spaces. The optimization model of choosing design solutions for parking lot helps a design engineer to adapt changes in requirements for defining admissible options for space-planning solutions. The study proves that the task of choosing admissible and optimal solutions for the parking lot, depending on the set of conditions, can be performed by using algorithms, and, consequently, by using computer-aided design in BIM. The proposed approach to parking lot design allows the project organization to coordinate the initial conditions and solutions between the project participants and related departments, and also serves as the basis for solving subsequent design tasks, such as determining the economic efficiency, the safety of the parking project, and others.
Improved pump for transporting liquid feed mixtures through pipes on farms
Authors: Rakhimov Oktyabr , Eshev Sobir , Rakhmatov Mahmud , Saidov Istam , Boymurodov Furkat , Rayimova Iroda
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates the effectiveness of the use of liquid feed when feeding pigs, shows the advantages of feeding with liquid feed rather than dry feed. It is stated that, when feeding with liquid feed, pigs of some production groups reduce the need for drinking water, while the energy consumption for surviving feed and saliva secretion is reduced to a minimum. The transition to liquid feed mixtures of low moisture content, which include juicy feed or green pastes, is considered rational, but the equipment used for transporting and distributing such feed mixtures requires the improvement of working organs. However, the use of pipeline transport for transporting and distributing feed mixtures on farms and small family farms requires the use of special feed-transporting pumps with high reliability. But, the industry does not produce special pumps for feeding feed mixtures of high concentration with a moisture content of 68…. 75%, and the use of pumps from other industries does not give effective results. Therefore, the development of a pump used for feeding feed mixtures with low moisture content is very urgent. To solve this problem, the authors have proposed a new energy-saving pump design used for feeding liquid feed mixtures through pipes on farms and small farms. Devices and the principle of operation of the improved pump are given. The novelty of the design is confirmed by the patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan UZ 5149B.
Velocity distribution in a turbulent flow
Authors: Ignatenko Evgenii , Bryanskaya Yuliya
Published: May 2021

The article considers the issue of velocity distribution in a turbulent flow. The logarithmic velocity profile obtained on the basis of semiempirical theory of turbulence by L. Prandtl is given. A comparison of the calculations of the velocity distribution for various dependencies with the measurement data is performed. It is shown that the calculated dependencies show discrepancy with each other and experimental data. The study of the hydraulic characteristics of water flows is required to solve problems of water supply and water disposal, engineering problems of hydraulic construction, regulation of riverbed processes and environmental monitoring of water bodies. The characteristics of the turbulence of a uniform and uneven flow need to be clarified, that will be possible due to the study of the theoretical background of hydraulics and hydrodynamics. Despite the usage of modern computer technologies, the creation of an actual theory of turbulence is still not complete. The separation of the fluid motion into molar and basic motion led to a non-closed system of equations of turbulent motion, that slowed down further progress in the search for a solution for turbulent flow. The most widely used theory is the semi-empirical theory of turbulence by L. Prandtl, based on a phenomenological approach that links turbulence with the characteristics of the averaged flow. The use of modern technology has allowed us to obtain new experimental data that require analysis and generalization. The calculated dependences for the velocity distribution developed on the basis of various phenomenological models, including the well-known logarithmic profiles of L. Prandtl, are compared with the measurement data. The calculations of the velocity distribution for various dependencies are compared with the measurement data. A significant quantitative, and sometimes qualitative, discrepancy of the calculated dependences with each other and with the experimental data was revealed. The discrepancy between the results of calculating the velocity distribution for different dependencies requires an additional critical analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data of other authors and performing experimental studies under different conditions using a mutually agreed method. The low effectiveness of the considered statistical approaches leads to the need to develop new approaches that represent a combination of some theoretical concepts and experimental data.
Developing a theoretical model to improve the road network the a historical city in Iraq
Authors: Al-Daini Raeda , Danilina Nina , Alaraza Hayder A.A.
Published: May 2021

The expansion of transport networks as a result of urban growth with low coverage and low integration leads to low transport efficiency and inaccessibility. This leads to poor connectivity in ancient urban areas of the Iraqi provinces. Identifying the Iraqi provinces with the lowest transport efficiency by performing the supply-demand ratio of the master plan for the center of Iraq's provinces (for example, the city of Karbala) is an indicator of the availability and accessibility of transport in urban areas. Solutions to meet transport needs have not focused on improving road capacity and meeting demand by improving operational efficiency even in surrounding communities. In this research theoretical model measured the degree of accessibility of the road network in the city to assess the effectiveness of transport. It has been identified that closer the coefficient of supply-demand to the zero points will provide a comfortable level of service to all road users. This theoretical model evaluates and improves the impact of changing the function of the road network and using different modes of transportation taking into account religious factors, full range of demand control, system efficiency, and infrastructure capacity clarifications.
Issues of technological regulation in urban development
Authors: Spitsov Dmitry , Yazhlev Igor
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of environmental and industrial legislation in Russian Federation with regard to transition to the new principles of environmental management, to reduce negative impacts on the environment through the modernization of basic production assets, the use of innovative methods of management of production processes and business entities.
The application of green building standards within the framework of comprehensive assessment of the former airport renovation in the city of Rostov-on-Don
Authors: Sheina Svetlana , Fedorovskaya Albina , Tumanyan Eduard
Published: May 2021

The urgency of environmental technologies in the construction sector is evidenced by the current environmental conditions in the post-industrial period, the demand of the global community for the use of energy-saving technologies, underdevelopment, and existing development prospects of the relevant technologies in the Russian Federation. Article is devoted to application of green building standards of the former airport renovation in the Rostov-on-Don.
Hydrometeorological monitoring in the Nizhny Novgorod NPP siting area
Authors: Bryukhan Fedor , Vinogradov Aleksey , Vinogradov Ivan
Published: May 2021

Ensuring the technological and environmental safety of nuclear power plants (NPP) involves the collection and analysis of data on the state of the natural environment near nuclear power plants, including the atmosphere and surface waters. To obtain and organize such data, as well as for their subsequent processing and engineering calculations, appropriate monitoring observations are provided. The latter begin to be carried out long before the start of NPP construction and continue at all stages of the NPP life cycle, including the periods of construction, operation and decommissioning of the plant. The purpose of this research is to summarize the results of hydrometeorological monitoring at the Nizhny Novgorod NPP site and its vicinity, which was launched by the Scientific & Industrial Association Gidrotekhproekt in 2011. The description of stationary observation points and examples of calculation of regime hydrological and meteorological characteristics are given. It is noted that the accumulation of observation data series over a long period of time, which make it possible to identify potential climate changes in the study area, is of great importance.
BRICS’ urban challenges: non-foresighted spatial development perspectives
Authors: Moisseev Iouri
Published: May 2021

Urbanization has taken on an unprecedented scale and pace of environmental transformation, and the process is likely to be continuing and accelerating. The growing scarcity of development resources urges searching for a way out. Previous development paradigms, which offered solutions to many urban problems by revitalizing market forces, have also proven problematic. True, they laid the foundation for globalization, which stimulated the development of technologies, large-scale activation of production sites and the activation of trade. Indeed, globalization has borne tangible benefits, but not for everyone. Striking differences are observed both at the interregional level and within regions and cities. The situation was aggravated by the fact that little attention was paid to the issues of macroeconomic forecasting and territorial planning. On the contrary, the entire decentralization policy pursued by international development institutions left all this without due attention. All this makes us take a fresh look at the tasks of planning and forecasting, focusing on the issues of territorial foresight and regional planning. The need to mobilize appropriate actions is argued in the article using the example of the BRICS.
Strategic planning of construction and reconstruction of the facilities of the heat supply systems with the use of scenario approach
Authors: Verstina Natalia , Evseev Evgeny , Tsuverkalova Olga
Published: May 2021

Some topical issues of strategic planning of construction and reconstruction of heat supply systems are considered in the article, taking into account the features of its organization in the certain territories of our country with different climatic, economic, city-planning and social conditions. The article presents the results of the analysis of the strategic documents of the heat supply development in various countries, which showed the need of formation of management instruments, providing the possibility of planning of specific scenarios of the heat supply development in the territories of our country. The key conditions of strategic planning, are revealed. They include providing the solution of social and environmental problems as well as the matters of energy security of consumers, which are in the centre of global environmental challenges now. The legislative arrangements and the experience of the use of "Heat Supply Schemes" in the territories of the Russian Federation are chosen as the materials. The scenario approach with the use of the method of the hierarchy analysis is considered to be the basis for planning of construction and reconstruction of the facilities of the heat supply systems. According to the scientific approach, chosen in the research, the level hierarchy of the strategic planning process is offered. The major factors, influencing the development of heat supply of territories are analysed, the main factors and their purposes, as well as the basic scenarios of the development, are described. The authors offer four scenarios for the choice of options for construction and reconstruction of the facilities of heat supply systems, taking into account the practice of its organization in various countries. The importance of the basic scenarios for the strategic development of the heat supply system in the territory is estimated according to the hierarchy levels on the basis of the method of paired comparisons with the subsequent aggregation of the received results. The approbation of the offered management instrument on the example of the urban area allow to prove the scenario of the decentralized heat supply of the explored territory as the most perspective scheme as well as to raise the questions of possible expansion of the offered management instrument.
The historical aspects of polycentric urban development on the example of Barcelona
Authors: Khasieva Mariya
Published: May 2021

The article concerns the problems of implementation of the modern urban planning methods and principles in the context of historical process of urbanization. Network and polycentric urban planning actively developed in 19th century and implied the equal distribution of public facilities and communications, the unification of the urban space with the connecting axes, the integration of transport and engineering infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to consider the urban planning strategies of Barcelona’s renovation of 19th centuries and to define it’s correspondence to the tasks of modern urban development. The relevance of the topic is determined by it’s connection with problems of modern growth-oriented urban structures. The article is based on complex and system theoretical approach. Theoretical analysis of urban planning strategies and urban space development is implemented to reveal the most perspective and progressive tendencies of urban planning, which anticipated the modern principles of urban space formation. The results of the work include the characteristic of polycentric Urban structures on the example of Barcelona, the determination of it’s key features. The review of researches, dedicated to the history of urban planning and the problems of modern urban planning allows to make the conclusions about the advantages of polycentric urban planing and it’s perspectives in future development of the cities.
Analysis of the Highest and Best Use in the Course of Implementation of Investment and Construction Projects for the Development of Tourism Clusters
Authors: Orlov Aleksandr , Sudakova Anna
Published: May 2021

This article studies the existing approaches to the analysis of the highest and best use, defines the specifics of the industry, and considers the main aspects of the analysis. A comprehensive methodology for the analysis of the highest and best use in the course of implementation of investment and construction projects for the purposes of tourism clusters infrastructure development is presented. The aim of the study is to improve the mechanism for the development of tourism clusters infrastructure based on the analysis of the highest and best use of investment and construction projects. The relevance of the article is substantiated by problems and underdevelopment of the tourist infrastructure during the creation and development of territorial clusters. In addition, constituent entities of the Russian Federation do not create favorable investment conditions in the course of construction of various objects of tourist use. The existing approaches to the analysis of the highest and best use of investment and construction projects need to be improved taking into account modern conditions, factors and industry specifics. The article offers an analysis of the current state of domestic tourism in Russia and abroad, identifies factors hindering the functioning and development of investment and construction projects for the purposes of tourism clusters infrastructure development, identifies factors that have a positive impact on the domestic tourism market. Measures are proposed to determine the highest and best use in the course of implementation of an investment and construction project for the tourism cluster of the North Caucasian recreational region and to calculate its effectiveness. An element of scientific novelty and the result of the study is the improvement of approaches to the analysis of the highest and best use of tourism clusters for infrastructure development. The practical significance lies in the application of an improved mechanism for the development of investment and construction projects for tourism clusters objects in Russia.
Developing of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Indicators in Construction
Authors: Cataldo Ieva , Banaitienė Nerija , Banaitis Audrius
Published: May 2021

Most of the existing supply chain management methods and systems are being transferred to construction regardless of the specifics of companies in the construction sector. Numerous complex factors such as ecological, social and economic are required for the continuous evaluation in the modern management of construction sector. The provided studies and the research to examine sustainable supply chain management in construction sector from a holistic perspective, concentrating on mostly long-term sustainable decision-making by the construction company rather than being centered only on the supply chain management for construction projects. This paper identifies a list of sustainability indicators for examining the supply chains of construction companies. Those indicators were categorized and assigned to one or a couple groups by reviewing their use in the previous literature agreeing to the reasoning to way better reflect the SSCM principle of their use in construction companies. The use of indicators can help develop strategies for the construction sector for sustainable policy makers and construction company managers.
Substrate type selection in diatom based lake water quality assessment
Authors: Trbojević Ivana S. , Popović Slađana S. , Milovanović Vanja V. , Predojević Dragana D. , Subakov Simić Gordana V. , Jakovljević Olga S. , Krizmanić Jelena Ž.
Published: May 2021

Various studies report contrasting results on the substrate-type effect on diatom community composition, but the particularly important question is whether or not it affects diatom-based assessments of water quality. We investigated whether the substrate type is a significant predictor of the diatom community composition and if it affects lake water quality assessment based on diatom indices. This study took place in Sava Lake (Serbia). We used glass, ceramic, willow and yew tree tiles as artificial substrates for periphyton development, and pebbles from the lake littoral as natural substrate. Results revealed differences in both the diatom community composition and diatom indices values related to the substrates. A distinction was recognized between natural, artificial wooden, and artificial inert substrates. However, the final lake quality assessment based on diatom indices was more or less similar in all substrate types in our study, and depended on value ranges associated with water quality classification and on diatom index choices. Artificial substrates in our study did show potential as an alternative for natural substrate, but further studies are required, particularly in various types of lentic ecosystems to confirm our findings and support artificial substrate employment in lake water quality assessment.
Dossier « Politiques locales de l’énergie : un renouveau sous contraintes » – Verdir pour survivre. La transition énergétique comme levier face à la décroissance urbaine ? Le cas de Vitry-le-François
Authors: Miot Yoan
Published: May 2021

L’article s’intéresse aux conditions d’émergence et aux contenus des politiques de transition énergétique dans un type de territoire, les villes décroissantes, considérées à la fois comme des collectivités favorables à l’engagement dans des politiques alternatives, notamment dans le domaine du développement durable, mais également comme fragilisées par les crises qui les frappent. Il s’agit donc d’examiner, à partir d’une enquête de terrain à Vitry-le-François, archétype d’une petite ville française en décroissance urbaine, à quelles conditions et selon quelles finalités une politique de transition énergétique a émergé et s’est structurée. L’analyse rend compte du rôle de la crise territoriale provoquée par la décroissance urbaine dans l’émergence de la politique de transition énergétique et de la manière dont ce contexte conduit à penser la transition énergétique comme une politique de redéveloppement territorial.
Vigilanz und Fahreignung
Authors: Höffken Oliver , Haensch Carl-Albrecht
Published: May 2021

Störungen der Vigilanz können die Fahreignung relevant beeinträchtigen. Sie können vielfältige Ursachen haben und stellen eine der Hauptursachen für Verkehrsunfälle dar. Dieser Artikel benennt die rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Beurteilung der Fahreignung, stellt Testverfahren zur Einschätzung von Vigilanzstörungen vor und erläutert ein praktisches Vorgehen unter Berücksichtigung der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen.
Evaluation der Implementierung eines zugelassenen Künstliche-Intelligenz-Systems zur Erkennung der diabetischen Retinopathie
Authors: Roser Pia , Grohmann Carsten , Aberle Jens , Spitzer Martin S. , Kromer Robert
Published: May 2021

Einleitung Ziel der Studie war die Evaluation der Genauigkeit einer auf einem Künstliche-Intelligenz-System (KI) basierenden Bewertung von Fundusfotografien im Vergleich zum Augenarzt in Bezug auf das diabetische Retinopathie-Screening in einer internistisch geführten Klinik. Zudem erfolgte die Erhebung der Gesamtuntersuchungsdauer wie auch der Patienten- und Untersucherzufriedenheit.

Methoden Im Rahmen der Studie erhielten 112 ambulante Patienten eine Fundusfotografie mit automatisierter Diagnose der diabetischen Retinopathie (DR) über das IDx-DR-System (Digital Diagnostics). Die Aufnahmen erfolgten mit der Kamera Topcon TRC-NW400 (Topcon Corp. Japan). Einschlusskriterium war die Diagnose eines Diabetes mellitus Typ 1, 2 oder 3. Bei Patienten, bei denen keine Aufnahme mit ausreichender Qualität in Miosis durchgeführt werden konnte, erfolgte die Aufnahme in Mydriasis.

Ergebnisse Von 112 Patienten konnte bei 107 Patienten (95,5 %) durch das Grading mittels IDx-DR, anhand der Fundusaufnahmen, eine Analyse durchgeführt werden – vs. bei 103 Patienten (91,9 %) durch das Grading derselben, hochauflösenden Fundusaufnahmen durch Augenärzte. Bei den verbleibenden Patienten war eine Beurteilung allein durch die Funduskopie in Mydriasis möglich. Es zeigte sich eine hochsignifikante Korrelation bezüglich der Einschätzung der Schwere der diabetischen Retinopathie zwischen Untersucher und dem IDx-DR-System (Correlation coefficient (r) = 0,8738; p < 0,0001). Die Patientenzufriedenheit lag bei 4,5 ± 0,6 [1–5], die Gesamtdauer der Untersuchung in Miosis lag im Mittel bei 3:04 ± 0:28 [min:sek].

Schlussfolgerung Das Retinopathiescreening mittels IDx-DR ermöglicht die automatisierte, zeitnahe und zuverlässige Beurteilung bzgl. des Vorliegens einer diabetischen Retinopathie mit einem robusten technischen und klinischen Arbeitsfluss, der mit einer hohen Patientenzufriedenheit einhergeht.
Nahinfrarot-Sentinel-Diagnostik bei Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen: eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Sievert Matti , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Iro Heinrich , Koch Michael
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund Die Nahinfrarot-Fluoreszenzbildgebung (NIR) ist eine neue Technik zur intraoperativen Identifizierung von Sentinel-Lymphknoten (SLN). Sie hat in mehreren chirurgischen Fachgebieten vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Studienlage der NIR-SLN-Diagnostik des Kopf-Hals-Malignoms.

Material und Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in folgenden Online-Datenbanken: PubMed, MEDLINE, Thompson Reuters Web of Science und SPIE nach den Suchbegriffen: sentinel node, sentinel node biopsy, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, near-infrared imaging, indocyanine green, icg. Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Relevanz der Arbeiten nach festgelegten Kriterien.

Ergebnisse Es wurden Arbeiten in Bezug auf die klinische Anwendung, die klinische Befunderhebung, die Identifikationsrate und die Falsch-Negativ-Rate analysiert. Die Identifikationsrate des SLN liegt bei 97–100 %, mit durchschnittlich 1,2–3,4 Fluoreszenz positiven Lymphknoten pro Untersuchung. Die Rate falsch-negativer Befunde variiert insgesamt zwischen 0 und 20 %.

Schlussfolgerungen In Zusammenschau der aktuell publizierten Ergebnisse verspricht die NIR-Bildgebung ein großes Potenzial, die Diagnostik des SLN bei Karzinomen im Bereich der Mundhöhle und des Pharynx zu verbessern. Vorteilhaft ist die einfache und schnelle Durchführung mit guter räumlicher Auflösung ohne Strahlenexposition.
COVID-19-Impfungen: Replizierend oder Nichtreplizierend?
Authors: Klimek L. , Chaker A. M. , Cuevas M. , Becker S.
Published: May 2021

Innovative und wirksame Impfstrategien entwickeln sich zum wichtigsten Hebel zur Bekämpfung der durch SARS-COV-2 ausgelösten globalen Pandemie. Innerhalb weniger Monate wurden durch Wissenschaftler weltweit vielversprechende neue Vakzine entwickelt; hierbei nutzen mehrere Impfstoffe das Prinzip adenoviraler Vektoren zum Einbringen der eigentlich immunogenen Moleküle des SARS-Coronavirus zum Auslösen einer Immunantwort. Die vom russischen Gamaleya-Institut entwickelte COVID-19-Vakzine Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) nutzt die adenoviralen Vektoren 26 und 5, um das vollständige SARS-Spike-Protein zur Impfung einzubringen, wobei die unterschiedlichen adenoviralen Vektoren mögliche neutralisierende Effekte gegen Adenoviren umgehen und dadurch eine ausreichende Immunogenität auch bei der Zweitimpfung (booster) gewährleisten. Die bisher veröffentlichten Studien werden teils kontrovers diskutiert, u. a. wegen kleiner Fallzahlen in Phase II und früher klinischer Endpunkte in der Phase III. Auch die bisher fehlende Verfügbarkeit der vollständigen Studienprotokolle und Datensätze wurde in der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft zur Kenntnis genommen. Vulnerable Patientengruppen könnten durch eine wie in Brasilien beschriebene erhaltene Vermehrungsfähigkeit der Ad5-Adenoviren oder wie in der Slowakei beobachtete fehlende Chargenreproduzierbarkeit gefährdet werden, ein Wirksamkeitsverlust der Impfung bei Gesunden ist möglich. Die finale Bewertung in einem geordneten Zulassungsverfahren (z. B. EMA) bleibt daher abzuwarten.
Iron-Mediated Radical Nitrohalogenation Reactions of Enynes with tert-Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Ren Yingming , Ge Yaxin , Yan Qinqin , Tian Yunfei , Li Zejiang , Wu Jilai , Yang Yujie , Li Lijun
Published: May 2021

A radical nitrohalogenation/cyclization of various enynes with tert-butyl nitrite has been developed that conveniently introduces useful nitro and halo groups into organic compounds. Some control experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism. Further functional transformations proceeded well in this reaction system.