bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and energy loss mechanism of bifacial photovoltaic modules at a solar carport system
Authors: Hwang Sungho , Kang Yoonmook , Lee Hae‐seok
Published: June 2023

As photovoltaic modules are increasingly used in renewable energy systems, ensuring energy efficiency by reducing the levelized cost of electricity has become the focus of current research. Herein, the 1‐year performances of both monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules were monitored, compared, and analyzed at a solar carport system in the Korean peninsula. The environmental parameters during the four seasons were investigated for both systems under ambient conditions. Irradiance was determined as the primary influencing parameter in the system. The energy yield of the bifacial module system was 3.08% higher than that of the monofacial system owing to rear‐side absorption during the study period. The loss mechanism for this lower yield was determined by investigating the irradiance effect. It was attributed to low bifaciality due to cell properties (optical and electrical properties, and the sorting effect) and module properties (shading effects from the junction box cable and frame design, and glass grid effect), design of the carport system, and the albedo effect. These analyses revealed that the photovoltaic energy yield can be increased further by reducing these loss parameters at the carport system. This study can contribute to achieving higher energy yield from photovoltaic systems during field applications.
Material design and performance of carbon monoxide‐fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A review
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hu Yun Hang
Published: June 2023

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical energy conversion devices with fuel flexibility. Since carbon monoxide (CO) is a major product of SOFC anodes operating with hydrocarbon fuels, direct utilization of CO as a fuel is expected for more efficient operation of SOFCs. A review on CO‐fueled SOFC technologies is imperative to promote research activities in this important field, but it has not been published. In this review, we summarize and comment on literatures in this field, with respect to (1) materials developed for three fundamental components (anode, cathode, and electrolyte), (2) power output and stabilization strategies, and (3) critical challenges and directions in the development of CO‐fueled SOFCs.
Experimental and thermal‐structure coupling analysis for oil and water‐swellable packer
Authors: Huang Xin , Xu Tao , Liu Yang
Published: June 2023

It has been widely acknowledged that traditional packers will lose their elastic performance in the context of long periods of operation due to plastic deformation. This paper will introduce a swellable packer that can reduce the failure cases of production effectively. The deformation of the packer rubber in different media and temperatures has been analyzed. The pressure test of several packer rubber under different media is carried out in this paper. The reasonable expansion clearance between the rubber tube and the well wall is obtained by strength calculation to ensure the sealing reliability of the packer. Finally, the thermomechanical coupling calculation of the packer with different structural sizes is carried out. Experiments at different temperatures show that the higher saline concentration is associated with a lower expansion rate and a larger expansion rate in clear water. At the same time, the expansion of volume in clear water increases. In addition, the higher the external temperature is, the larger the temperature gradient is. When the temperature of the outer ring is between 100°C and 140°C, the internal temperature rises to 37°C under the thermomechanical coupling effect.
Assessment of water absorption characteristics for improved sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties during hydration
Authors: Gojiya Devanand , Gohil Vanraj , Dabhi Mukesh , Dhamsaniya Navnitkumar
Published: June 2023

The water absorption characteristics of sesame varieties (GT‐3, GT‐4, GJT‐5, GT‐6, and TKG‐22) were studied during hydration at temperatures ranging 35–55°C. The Peleg model adequately defined the hydration behavior of sesame seed varieties at the 35°C, 45°C, and 55°C soaking temperatures with the comparable coefficient of determination (R2) and mean relative percentage deviation modulus (P). The Peleg rate constant K1 and the capacity constant K2 reduced significantly with the rise in hydration temperatures, suggesting corresponding increases in the initial hydration rate as well as the equilibrium moisture content in all the varieties tested. The Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the activation energy (Ea) of GT‐3, GT‐4, GJT‐5, GT‐6, and TKG‐22 sesame varieties and was noted to be 38.74, 33.37, 30.68, 37.85, and 33.23 kJ/mol, respectively. The enthalpy (H) was raised significantly with hydration temperature while entropy (ΔS) and released energy (ΔG) were found nonsignificant (p > 0.05).
Improved prediction of glioma‐related aphasia by diffusion MRI metrics, machine learning, and automated fiber bundle segmentation
Authors: Shams Boshra , Reisch Klara , Vajkoczy Peter , Lippert Christoph , Picht Thomas , Fekonja Lucius S.
Published: June 2023

White matter impairments caused by gliomas can lead to functional disorders. In this study, we predicted aphasia in patients with gliomas infiltrating the language network using machine learning methods. We included 78 patients with left‐hemispheric perisylvian gliomas. Aphasia was graded preoperatively using the Aachen aphasia test (AAT). Subsequently, we created bundle segmentations based on automatically generated tract orientation mappings using TractSeg. To prepare the input for the support vector machine (SVM), we first preselected aphasia‐related fiber bundles based on the associations between relative tract volumes and AAT subtests. In addition, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)‐based metrics [axial diffusivity (AD), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and radial diffusivity (RD)] were extracted within the fiber bundles' masks with their mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness values. Our model consisted of random forest‐based feature selection followed by an SVM. The best model performance achieved 81% accuracy (specificity = 85%, sensitivity = 73%, and AUC = 85%) using dMRI‐based features, demographics, tumor WHO grade, tumor location, and relative tract volumes. The most effective features resulted from the arcuate fasciculus (AF), middle longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF). The most effective dMRI‐based metrics were FA, ADC, and AD. We achieved a prediction of aphasia using dMRI‐based features and demonstrated that AF, IFOF, and MLF were the most important fiber bundles for predicting aphasia in this cohort.
ESG disclosure and financial performance of multinational enterprises: The moderating effect of board standing committees
Authors: Elmghaamez Ibrahim Khalifa , Nwachukwu Jacinta , Ntim Collins G.
Published: June 2023

The study examines the impact of board committee indexes on the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure, and accounting‐ and market‐based performance measures of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Using quantile regression analysis and a large balanced panel data of 500 multinational companies operating in 40 countries from 2009 to 2019 (i.e., 5500 firm‐year observations), we uncovered the following significant associations: (i) a positive relationship between ESG disclosure and accounting performance indicators for large‐sized MNEs, but this relationship is counteracted by the negative influence of the audit and sustainability committee indexes; (ii) the association between market‐based performance outcomes and ESG disclosure is positively affected by the compensation, nomination, and sustainability committee indexes, while it is negatively influenced by the audit committee index; (iii) the combined board committee index has varying impacts on the connection between the components of ESG disclosure, and accounting and market‐relevant performance metrics for different sizes of MNEs; and (iv) while the audit and sustainability committee indexes exert negative effects on the relationship between the components of ESG disclosure and performance measures, these effects are countered by the positive moderating impacts of the compensation and nomination committee indexes. The study concludes by discussing the policy implications of these results.
Treatment effects of laparoscopy versus laparotomy on heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Authors: Chen Xijing , Chen Feng , Zhu Wenting , Mao Luna , Lv Pingping , Zhu Yimin
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare the treatment effects of laparoscopy versus laparotomy on heterotopic pregnancy (HP) after in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET).

Methods

The retrospective case–control study enrolled 109 patients diagnosed with HP after IVF‐ET treatment in our hospital from January 2009 to March 2020. All patients received surgical treatment by either laparoscopy or laparotomy. Data for general characteristics, diagnostic features, surgical parameters, as well as perinatal and neonatal outcomes were collected.

Results

Sixty‐two patients received laparoscopy and 47 received laparotomy. Significantly lower percentage of large hemoperitoneum (P = 0.001), shorter surgery duration (P < 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.001), higher rates of general anesthesia (P < 0.001), and lower cesarean section rates for singletons (P = 0.003) were found in the laparoscopy group. The perinatal and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups. When interstitial pregnancy was considered alone, the surgical blood loss was significantly reduced in the laparoscopy group (P = 0.021), but there was no significant difference in hemoperitoneum, surgery duration, or perinatal and neonatal outcomes in singletons.

Conclusion

Both laparoscopy and laparotomy are effective surgical treatments for HP after IVF‐ET. Laparoscopy is minimally invasive but laparotomy can be an alternative in emergency situations.
Comparison of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) and WHO criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes by assessment of fetomaternal outcomes
Authors: Raghav Mansvi , Suri Jyotsna , Rani Anita , Debata Pradeep , Bachani Sumitra
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate fetomaternal outcomes in women who are normoglycemic by Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) but have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by WHO criteria versus those who are normoglycemic by both DIPSI and WHO criteria.

Methods

This was a prospective, cohort study. A total of 635 women participated. They underwent a 2‐h non‐fasting oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and results were interpreted by DIPSI. Out of 635 women, 52 were lost to follow up and 33 were diagnosed as GDM by DIPSI and excluded from the study. The remaining 550 women, after 72 h from the first test, underwent a 75‐g fasting‐OGTT and results were interpreted using WHO 2013 criteria. Results of the second test were blinded till delivery. The 550 women were followed for fetomaternal outcomes. Participants with normal DIPSI and normal WHO 2013 OGTT were labeled group 1. Participants with normal DIPSI but abnormal WHO 2013 OGTT were labeled group 2. Fetomaternal outcomes were compared between these groups.

Results

Occurrence of GDM by DIPSI was 5.1%, by WHO 2013 criteria it was 10.5%. Composite fetomaternal outcomes occurred more commonly in women with a normal DIPSI but an abnormal WHO 2013 test. Out of 550 women, 492 had normal DIPSI and normal WHO 2013 test. Out of this 492, 116 (23.6%) women had adverse fetomaternal outcomes. Fifty‐eight women out of 550 had a normal DIPSI but an abnormal WHO 2013 test. Thirty‐seven (63.8%) women out of 58 had adverse fetomaternal outcomes. We found statistically significant association between adverse fetomaternal outcome and GDM by WHO 2013 test (with normal DIPSI test).

Conclusion

WHO 2013 has superior diagnostic value compared with DIPSI criteria for diagnosis of GDM.
Time‐resolved SWIR imaging for the assessment of the activity of occlusal caries lesions
Authors: Ng Morgan , Wycoff Spencer , Zhu Yihua , Ho Yi‐Ching , Takasuka Hannah , Fried Daniel
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to develop a clinical SWIR reflectance handpiece to assess the activity of lesions on the occlusal surfaces. The time‐resolved reflectivity of 10 active and 10 arrested occlusal caries lesions on extracted teeth was monitored at 1470 nm using a benchtop system and a modified clinical prototype during forced air drying. The presence of a highly mineralized surface layer measured with microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to indicate lesion activity. Multiple kinetic parameters were extracted from the acquired SWIR time versus intensity dehydration curves and used to assess lesion activity. Three parameters: delay, %Ifin, and rate calculated from the SWIR dehydration curves were significantly different (p < 0.05) between active and arrested lesions. The modified clinical probe was able to completely dehydrate all the active lesion areas in the occlusal pits and fissures in less than 30 s.
Geographic distance and tax fundamentals: An empirical analysis of location choice of Japanese firms’ outbound mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Jiang Yanwen
Published: June 2023

The deterrent effect of geographic distance on international expansion has been extensively examined in extant literature; however, little is known about whether tax‐related firm‐level characteristics could moderate the deterrent effect although both merger and acquisition (M&A) location decisions and tax‐related decisions involve considerable managerial judgments. Results using data on Japanese firms’ outbound M&A from 2010 to 2020 after Japan shifted from a worldwide tax system to a territorial tax system show that the deterrent effect of geographic distance is moderated by high tax avoidance, use of a tax consolidation regime, and a high level of deferred tax asset (DTA) balance. Additionally, we find that the 2017 Tax Reform on Japanese controlled foreign company (CFC) rules reduced the moderating effect of use of a consolidation regime, whereas it enhanced the moderating effect of a high level of DTA balance. These results call for a radical change in further research on various distances to incorporate insight from a tax perspective.
Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Agents in Pregnant Individuals Living With HIV: Current Status and Considerations for Study Design and Interpretation
Authors: Choi Su‐Young , Yang Xiaoxia , Belew Yodit , Struble Kimberly , Reynolds Kellie
Published: June 2023

Determining the appropriate dosing regimens of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for pregnant individuals living with HIV‐1 infection is critical to maximize maternal health and prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Throughout pregnancy, pharmacokinetics (PK) of ARVs can be significantly altered due to physiological, anatomic, and metabolic changes. As such, conducting PK studies of ARVs during pregnancy is crucial to optimize dosing regimens. In this article, we summarize available data, key issues, challenges, and considerations in interpreting results of ARV PK studies in pregnant individuals. Discussion topics include the choice of the reference population (postpartum vs historical control), pregnancy trimester‐dependent changes in ARV PK, effects of pregnancy on once‐ versus twice‐daily dosing, factors to consider for ARVs that are administered with a PK booster such as ritonavir and cobicistat, and considerations when evaluating the effects of pregnancy on unbound ARV concentrations. Common approaches for the translation of the results into clinical recommendations and rationales and considerations when making clinical recommendations are summarized. Currently, limited PK data in pregnancy are available with long‐acting ARVs. Collection of PK data to characterize the PK profile of long‐acting ARVs is an important goal shared by many stakeholders.
Pharmacokinetics of Antidepressants in Pregnancy
Authors: Yue Min , Kus Lauren , Katta Shilpa , Su Isaac , Li Lang , Haas David M. , Quinney Sara K.
Published: June 2023

Depression is common in pregnant women. However, the rate of antidepressant treatment in pregnancy is significantly lower than in nonpregnant women. Although some antidepressants may cause potential risks to the fetus, not treating or withdrawing the treatment is associated with relapsing and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. Pregnancy‐associated physiologic changes can alter pharmacokinetics (PK) and may impact dosing requirements during pregnancy. However, pregnant women are largely excluded from PK studies. Dose extrapolation from the nonpregnant population could lead to ineffective doses or increased risk of adverse events. To better understand PK changes during pregnancy and guide dosing decisions, we conducted a literature review to catalog PK studies of antidepressants in pregnancy, with a focus on maternal PK differences from the nonpregnant population and fetal exposure. We identified 40 studies on 15 drugs, with most data from patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine. Most of the studies have relatively poor quality, with small sample sizes, reporting concentrations at delivery only, a large amount of missing data, and not including times and adequate dose information. Only four studies collected multiple samples following a dose and reported PK parameters. In general, there are limited data available regarding PK of antidepressants in pregnancy and deficiencies in data reporting. Future studies should provide accurate information on drug dosing and timing of dose, PK sample collection, and individual‐level PK data.
A population‐level application of a method for estimating the timing of HIV acquisition among migrants to Australia
Authors: King Jonathan M. , Petoumenos Kathy , Dobbins Timothy , Guy Rebecca J. , Gray Richard T. , Nigro Steven J. , Si Damin , Minas Byron , McGregor Skye
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Australia has set the goal for the virtual elimination of HIV transmission by the end of 2022, yet accurate information is lacking on the level of HIV transmission occurring among residents. We developed a method for estimating the timing of HIV acquisition among migrants, relative to their arrival in Australia. We then applied this method to surveillance data from the Australian National HIV Registry with the aim of ascertaining the level of HIV transmission among migrants to Australia occurring before and after migration, and to inform appropriate local public health interventions.

Methods

We developed an algorithm incorporating CD4+ T‐cell decline back‐projection and enhanced variables (clinical presentation, past HIV testing history and clinician estimate of the place of HIV acquisition) and compared it to a standard algorithm which uses CD4+ T‐cell back‐projection only. We applied both algorithms to all new HIV diagnoses among migrants to estimate whether HIV infection occurred before or after arrival in Australia.

Results

Between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020, 1909 migrants were newly diagnosed with HIV in Australia, 85% were men, and the median age was 33 years. Using the enhanced algorithm, 932 (49%) were estimated to have acquired HIV after arrival in Australia, 629 (33%) before arrival (from overseas), 250 (13%) close to arrival and 98 (5%) were unable to be classified. Using the standard algorithm, 622 (33%) were estimated to have acquired HIV in Australia, 472 (25%) before arrival, 321 (17%) close to arrival and 494 (26%) were unable to be classified.

Conclusions

Using our algorithm, close to half of migrants diagnosed with HIV were estimated to have acquired HIV after arrival in Australia, highlighting the need for tailored culturally appropriate testing and prevention programmes to limit HIV transmission and achieve elimination targets. Our method reduced the proportion of HIV cases unable to be classified and can be adopted in other countries with similar HIV surveillance protocols, to inform epidemiology and elimination efforts.
Aging and injury affect nuclear shape heterogeneity in tendon
Authors: Tinguely Yann , Shi Vivian , Klatte‐Schulz Franka , Duda Georg N. , Freedman Benjamin R. , Mooney David J.
Published: June 2023

Tissue level properties are commonly studied using histological stains assessed with qualitative scoring methods. As qualitative evaluation is typically insensitive, quantitative analysis provides additional information about pathological mechanisms, but cannot capture structural heterogeneity across cell subpopulations. However, molecular analyses of cell and nuclear behavior have identified that cell and more recently also nuclear shape are highly associated with cell function and malfunction. This study combined a Visually Aided Morpho‐Phenotyping Image Recognition analysis that automatically segments cells based on their shape with an added capacity to further discriminate between cells in certain protein‐rich extracellular matrix regions. We used tendon as a model system given the enormous changes in organization and cell and nuclear shape they undergo during aging and injury. Our results uncover that multiple shape modes of nuclei exist during maturity and aging in rat tendon and that distinct subgroups of cell nuclei shapes exist in proteoglycan‐rich regions during aging. With injury, several immunomarkers (αSMA, CD31, CD146) were associated with more rounded shape modes. In human tendons, the cell nuclei at sites of injury were found to be more rounded relative to uninjured tissues. To conclude, the tendon tissue changes occurring during aging and injury could be associated with a variation in cell nuclear morphology and the appearance of various region‐specific subpopulations. Thus, the methodologies developed allow for a deeper understanding of cell heterogeneity during tendon aging and injury and may be extended to study further clinical applications.
Rapid and simultaneous identification of Lonicera Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos using MLPA‐HRM and rhPCR‐HRM
Authors: Mo Jing , Wang Wenbin , Wang Yongyi , Cheng Huachun , Li Xiaofang , Wang Bo
Published: June 2023

Background

Lonicera Japonicae Flos (LJF) and Lonicerae Flos (LF), derived from different species of Lonicera, are two different types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) according to their differences in composition and effectiveness. Because of the high price, good effectiveness of the medicinal, and functional values, LJF is often adulterated by LF in the market. Therefore, two single nucleotide polymorphism‐based genotyping methods, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification high‐resolution melting (MLPA‐HRM) and RNase H2‐dependant PCR (rhPCR)‐HRM, were established for the identification of LF and LJF.

Results

Highly specific MLPA probes and rhPCR‐primers were designed based on the trnL‐trnF regions. The melting temperature (Tm) of amplicons was derived from the peak of the HRM curve, and the differences in Tm values were used to identify LJF and LF. The two methods have both shown good specificity for identifying LJF and LF without cross‐reaction, and have high sensitivity with the detection limits of 0.1 ng DNA template. For mixed samples, MLPA‐HRM could detect LJF mixed with 10% LF while rhPCR‐HRM could detect 5% LF in mixed samples. The MLPA‐HRM and rhPCR‐HRM were performed on DNA extracted from 54 samples of LJF and LF randomly selected from the medicinal material market, all samples were successfully identified and further verified with DNA barcoding.

Conclusion

MLPA‐HRM and rhPCR‐HRM methods developed in our study not only provided fast, simple, sensitive, and practical identification of LJF and LF, but also provided technical references for the adulteration identification of other herb‐medicines, they are of great significance to the quality control and safe use of plant medicinal materials.
Changes in Nasal Tip Aesthetics Over Time Following Asian Tip Plasty
Authors: Moon Hyun , Fung Chak Yuen , Kim Jeong Heon , Jang Yong Ju
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the sequential postoperative changes in tip aesthetics, by evaluating the aesthetic performance of the septal extension graft with or without tip grafting.

Methods

A total of 62 patients who underwent rhinoplasty with tip plasty were included. Using a three‐dimensional scanner, we measured anthropometric aesthetic features of the nasal tip, including tip height, tip width, nasolabial angle, and columellar lobular angle. Preoperative and 1‐month and 12‐month postoperative anthropometric parameters were compared. The patients were grouped according to surgical techniques (i.e., septal extension only and septal extension plus tip grafting groups) and subtype of tip graft.

Results

The 1‐month postoperative values of all four aesthetic features were significantly increased compared with the preoperative values. The tip height, tip width, and nasolabial angle at 12 months were significantly decreased compared with 1 month post‐operation values, whereas the tip height and width were still greater than the preoperative values. No difference was found between 1 and 12 month values of columellar lobular angle. There were no differences in the degree of decrease in tip height, tip width, nasolabial angle, and columellar lobular angle between the septal extension graft only and septal extension graft plus tip graft groups. There were no differences in the tip graft by subtypes, single‐ and multi‐layer tip grafts.

Conclusions

Increased tip height, tip width, and widened nasolabial angle gained immediately after septal extension grafting surgery gradually decreased over the year regardless of addition of tip graft or tip grafting methods.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:678–683, 2024
Convening Expert Taxonomists to Build Image Libraries for Training Automated Classifiers
Authors: Kenitz Kasia M. , Orenstein Eric C. , Anderson Clarissa R. , Barth Alexander J. , Briseño‐Avena Christian , Caron David A. , Carter Melissa L. , Eggleston Emily , Franks Peter J. S. , Fumo James T. , Jaffe Jules S. , McBeain Kelsey A. , Odell Anthony , Seech Kristi , Shipe Rebecca , Smith Jayme , Taniguchi Darcy A. A. , Venrick Elizabeth L. , Barton Andrew D.
Published: June 2023

Digital imaging technologies are increasingly used to study life in the ocean. To deal with the large volume of image data collected over space and time, scientists employ various machine learning and deep learning algorithms to perform automated image classification. Training of classifiers requires a large number of expertly curated sets of images, a time‐consuming process that requires taxonomic knowledge and understanding of the local ecosystem. The creation of these labeled training sets is the critical bottleneck for building skillful automated classifiers. Here, we discuss how we overcame this barrier by leveraging taxonomic knowledge from a group of specialists in a workshop setting and suggest best practices for effectively organizing image annotation efforts. In our experience, this 2 day workshop proved very insightful and facilitated classification of over 4 years of plankton images obtained at Scripps Pier (La Jolla, CA), focusing on diatoms and dinoflagellates. We highlight the importance of facilitating a dialog between taxonomists and engineers to better integrate ecological goals with computational constraints, and encourage continuous involvement of taxonomic experts for successful implementation of automated classifiers.
Effect of ZnAl‐LDH on corrosion resistance of Zn–55Al alloy in NaCl solution
Authors: Yang Yuancheng , Wang Youbin , Huang Qiuyu , Zhao Jinwei , Gao Feng , Wei Yuezhou
Published: June 2023

ZnAl layered double hydroxides (Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3, LDH) are the unique phase in the corrosion products of Zn–Al coating compared with the corrosion products of pure Zn coating. The effect of LDH on the corrosion resistance of Zn–55Al coating is investigated in this work. The LDH preferentially grows on the Zn‐rich region of Zn–55Al alloy, and then gradually grows on the Al‐rich region. The prepared LDH film can effectively inhibit the formation of simonkolleite (Zn5(OH)8Cl2, ZHC), hydrozincite (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, HZ), and ZnO in the corrosion product film of Zn–55Al alloy, making the corrosion product film more dense and less prone to cracking, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of Zn–55Al alloy. The LDH film can effectively reduce the corrosion current density and improve the electrochemical impedance of pure Zn. In the end, the corrosion protection mechanism of LDH on the surface of Zn–55Al alloy was discussed.
Insight into corrosion inhibition mechanism of carbon steel by an algal extract as an eco‐friendly corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4: Experimental and molecular dynamics study
Authors: Benabbouha Tariq , Siniti Mustapha , Byadi Said , Chefira Khalil , El Attari Hassan , Barhoumi Ali , Chafi Mohammed , Chibi Fatima , Rchid Halima , Rachid Nmila
Published: June 2023

To explore the potential of new ecological corrosion inhibitors, we investigated the mechanism of corrosion inhibition in carbon steel using Halopitys incurvus, an algal extract available in both crude and chromatographic fractions, in a 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. Various methods were employed, including gravimetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curves, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, and molecular dynamics. The crude extract exhibited a high corrosion‐inhibiting potential, with a maximum inhibitory efficiency of 85.30% at 600 mg/L. The electrochemical results indicated mixed behavior of the crude extract. Furthermore, we found that the adsorption of the crude extract onto the metal surface followed the Langmuir isotherm pattern. The SEM study confirmed our proposition that extract molecules were adsorbed onto the carbon steel surface. Using the chromatographic fractionation protocol, we were able to distinguish four main fractions, and the most effective fractions reached an inhibitory efficiency value of 96.00% at 100 mg/L. The molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the experimental results.
Vanishing exponential integrability for Riesz potentials in Morrey–Orlicz spaces
Authors: Mizuta Yoshihiro , Shimomura Tetsu
Published: June 2023

Our aim in this note is to establish exponential integrability and vanishing exponential integrability for Riesz potentials of functions in Morrey–Orlicz spaces. Our work generalizes results by Adams and Hurri‐Syrjänen (2003) and the authors (2007) from Orlicz case. We also discuss the size of the exceptional sets by using a capacity and Hausdorff measure.
Memory Phenotypes In Early, De Novo Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Siciliano Mattia , De Micco Rosa , Russo Andrea Gerardo , Esposito Fabrizio , Sant'Elia Valeria , Ricciardi Lucia , Morgante Francesca , Russo Antonio , Goldman Jennifer G. , Chiorri Carlo , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Trojano Luigi , Tessitore Alessandro
Published: June 2023

Background

Memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment related to Parkinson's disease (PD‐MCI) are quite heterogeneous, and there is no general agreement on their genesis.

Objectives

To define memory phenotypes in de novo PD‐MCI and their associations with motor and non‐motor features and patients’ quality of life.

Methods

From a sample of 183 early de novo patients with PD, cluster analysis was applied to neuropsychological measures of memory function of 82 patients with PD‐MCI (44.8%). The remaining patients free of cognitive impairment were considered as a comparison group (n = 101). Cognitive measures and structural magnetic resonance imaging‐based neural correlates of memory function were used to substantiate the results.

Results

A three‐cluster model produced the best solution. Cluster A (65.85%) included memory unimpaired patients; Cluster B (23.17%) included patients with mild episodic memory disorder related to a “prefrontal executive‐dependent phenotype”; Cluster C (10.97%) included patients with severe episodic memory disorder related to a “hybrid phenotype,” where hippocampal‐dependent deficits co‐occurred with prefrontal executive‐dependent memory dysfunctions. Cognitive and brain structural imaging correlates substantiated the findings. The three phenotypes did not differ in terms of motor and non‐motor features, but the attention/executive deficits progressively increased from Cluster A, through Cluster B, to Cluster C. This last cluster had worse quality of life compared to others.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated the memory heterogeneity of de novo PD‐MCI, suggesting existence of three distinct memory‐related phenotypes. Identification of such phenotypes can be fruitful in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD‐MCI and its subtypes and in guiding appropriate treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Single‐cell Raman and functional gene analyses reveal microbial P solubilization in agriculture waste‐modified soils
Authors: Li Hongzhe , Ding Jiazhi , Zhu Longji , Xu Fei , Li Wenjing , Yao Yanpo , Cui Li
Published: June 2023

Application of agricultural waste such as rapeseed meal (RM) is regarded as a sustainable way to improve soil phosphorus (P) availability by direct nutrient supply and stimulation of native phosphate‐solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) in soils. However, exploration of the in situ microbial P solubilizing function in soils remains a challenge. Here, by applying both phenotype‐based single‐cell Raman with D2O labeling (Raman‐D2O) and genotype‐based high‐throughput chips targeting carbon, nitrogen and P (CNP) functional genes, the effect of RM application on microbial P solubilization in three typical farmland soils was investigated. The abundances of PSMs increased in two alkaline soils after RM application identified by single‐cell Raman D2O. RM application reduced the diversity of bacterial communities and increased the abundance of a few bacteria with reported P solubilization function. Genotypic analysis indicated that RM addition generally increased the relative abundance of CNP functional genes. A correlation analysis of the abundance of active PSMs with the abundance of soil microbes or functional genes was carried out to decipher the linkage between the phenotype and genotype of PSMs. Myxococcota and C degradation genes were found to potentially contribute to the enhanced microbial P release following RM application. This work provides important new insights into the in situ function of soil PSMs. It will lead to better harnessing of agricultural waste to mobilize soil legacy P and mitigate the P crisis.
Dynamics of a diffusive delayed viral infection model in a heterogeneous environment
Authors: Djilali Salih , Bentout Soufiane , Zeb Anwar
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the asymptotic analysis of spatially heterogeneous viral transmission, incorporating cell‐to‐cell transmission, virus nonlocal dispersal, and intracellular delay. Due to the noncompactness of the semiflow, we used the Kuratowski measure of noncompactness to demonstrate the existence of a global compact attractor. This noncompactness issue generates difficulties in calculating the basic reproduction number
, which is the principal eigenvalue of the next‐generation operator. The threshold role of this number is determined, where we derived two different cases: (i) the global stability of the virus‐free steady state, which is globally stable for
by the Lyapunov direct method, and (ii) the global stability of the virus steady state for
. Indeed, the second case is demonstrated through several steps that include uniform persistence, the existence of a virus steady state, and the global stability of the virus steady state. The results are supported by different graphical representations with proper biological justifications.
Spatiotemporal fractionation schemes for stereotactic radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases
Authors: Torelli Nathan , Papp Dávid , Unkelbach Jan
Published: June 2023

Background

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an established treatment for patients with brain metastases (BMs). However, damage to the healthy brain may limit the tumor dose for patients with multiple lesions.

Purpose

In this study, we investigate the potential of spatiotemporal fractionation schemes to reduce the biological dose received by the healthy brain in SRS of multiple BMs, and also demonstrate a novel concept of spatiotemporal fractionation for polymetastatic cancer patients that faces less hurdles for clinical implementation.

Methods

Spatiotemporal fractionation (STF) schemes aim at partial hypofractionation in the metastases along with more uniform fractionation in the healthy brain. This is achieved by delivering distinct dose distributions in different fractions, which are designed based on their cumulative biologically effective dose () such that each fraction contributes with high doses to complementary parts of the target volume, while similar dose baths are delivered to the normal tissue. For patients with multiple brain metastases, a novel constrained approach to spatiotemporal fractionation (cSTF) is proposed, which is more robust against setup and biological uncertainties. The approach aims at irradiating entire metastases with possibly different doses, but spatially similar dose distributions in every fraction, where the optimal dose contribution of every fraction to each metastasis is determined using a new planning objective to be added to the BED‐based treatment plan optimization problem. The benefits of spatiotemporal fractionation schemes are evaluated for three patients, each with >25 BMs.

Results

For the same tumor BED10 and the same brain volume exposed to high doses in all plans, the mean brain BED2 can be reduced compared to uniformly fractionated plans by 9%–12% with the cSTF plans and by 13%–19% with the STF plans. In contrast to the STF plans, the cSTF plans avoid partial irradiation of the individual metastases and are less sensitive to misalignments of the fractional dose distributions when setup errors occur.

Conclusion

Spatiotemporal fractionation schemes represent an approach to lower the biological dose to the healthy brain in SRS‐based treatments of multiple BMs. Although cSTF cannot achieve the full BED reduction of STF, it improves on uniform fractionation and is more robust against both setup errors and biological uncertainties related to partial tumor irradiation.
Improving microstructural integrity, interstitial fluid, and blood microcirculation images from multi‐b‐value diffusion MRI using physics‐informed neural networks in cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Voorter Paulien H. M. , Backes Walter H. , Gurney‐Champion Oliver J. , Wong Sau‐May , Staals Julie , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van der Thiel Merel M. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , Drenthen Gerhard S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To obtain better microstructural integrity, interstitial fluid, and microvascular images from multi‐b‐value diffusion MRI data by using a physics‐informed neural network (PINN) fitting approach.

Methods

Test–retest whole‐brain inversion recovery diffusion‐weighted images with multiple b‐values (IVIM: intravoxel incoherent motion) were acquired on separate days for 16 patients with cerebrovascular disease on a 3.0T MRI system. The performance of the PINN three‐component IVIM (3C‐IVIM) model fitting approach was compared with conventional fitting approaches (i.e., non‐negative least squares and two‐step least squares) in terms of (1) parameter map quality, (2) test–retest repeatability, and (3) voxel‐wise accuracy. Using the in vivo data, the parameter map quality was assessed by the parameter contrast‐to‐noise ratio (PCNR) between normal‐appearing white matter and white matter hyperintensities, and test–retest repeatability was expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The voxel‐wise accuracy of the 3C‐IVIM parameters was determined by 10,000 computer simulations mimicking our in vivo data. Differences in PCNR and CV values obtained with the PINN approach versus conventional fitting approaches were assessed using paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.

Results

The PINN‐derived 3C‐IVIM parameter maps were of higher quality and more repeatable than those of conventional fitting approaches, while also achieving higher voxel‐wise accuracy.

Conclusion

Physics‐informed neural networks enable robust voxel‐wise estimation of three diffusion components from the diffusion‐weighted signal. The repeatable and high‐quality biological parameter maps generated with PINNs allow for visual evaluation of pathophysiological processes in cerebrovascular disease.
Child health care nurses' experience of language screening for 2.5‐year‐old children: A qualitative study
Authors: Lindgren Fändriks Anna , Almqvist Kjerstin , Hjärthag Fredrik , Pernebo Karin
Published: June 2023

Aim

To investigate the experience of Child Health Care Nurses (CHCNs) using language screening for 2.5‐year‐old children.

Design

An exploratory qualitative design with an inductive approach.

Method

Data were collected through semi‐structured, interviews with Swedish CHCNs who regularly performed language screening for children. The interviews were analysed by thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes were identified: ‘The difficult visit’, ‘Explanations for language delay’, ‘Language screening across cultures’ and ‘Language screening with children exposed to adverse life events’.

Patient or Public Contribution

Our findings suggest that in routine care a modified procedure is used for the language screening of children aged 2.5 to secure the child's cooperation and to preserve an alliance with the parents. Consequently, the validity of the screening is called into question, particularly when it comes to children from families with origins outside the dominant culture and children exposed to adverse life events.
Risk factors for obesity in adulthood among survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Delacourt Laurène , Allodji Rodrigue , Chappat Juliette , Haddy Nadia , El‐Fayech Chiraz , Demoor‐Goldschmidt Charlotte , Journy Neige , Bolle Stéphanie , Thomas‐Teinturier Cécile , Zidane Monia , Rubino Carole , Veres Cristina , Vu‐Bezin Giao , Berchery Delphine , Pluchart Claire , Bondiau Pierre‐Yves , Dumas Agnès , Bougas Nicolas , Grill Jacques , Dufour Christelle , Fresneau Brice , Pacquement Hélène , Diallo Ibrahima , Doz François , de Vathaire Florent
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for obesity in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs).

Methods

The study included 3199 patients of the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort, with 303 patients with obesity who had returned the self‐questionnaire. Analyses were adjusted for social deprivation index and sex.

Results

CCSs were less likely to have obesity (9.5%; 95% CI: 8.5%–10.5%) than expected from the general French population rates (12.5%; p = 0.0001). Nevertheless, brain tumor survivors were significantly more likely to develop obesity than the general French population (p = 0.0001). Compared with patients who did not receive radiotherapy to the pituitary gland, those who received a dose >5 Gy had an increased risk of obesity: relative risk 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2–3.1), 2.5 (95% CI: 1.7–3.7), and 2.6 (95% CI: 1.6–4.3), respectively, for participants with 6 to 20 Gy, 20 to 40 Gy, and ≥40 Gy of radiation. Etoposide administration significantly increased the risk of obesity (relative risk 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.6). High social deprivation index was also a risk factor, just like BMI at diagnosis.

Conclusions

Long‐term follow‐up of CCSs should include weight follow‐up during adulthood.
Comparing apples and oranges: Creating a comprehensive view of facility siting risks
Authors: Markham Nathan
Published: June 2023

Ensuring that building occupants are safe from the myriad potential hazards in process facilities involves many challenges. Often, a facility siting plan is the result of several disparate studies, conducted years apart, and stitched together to try to form an overall plan. This makes it difficult to find a complete representation of potential impacts on a building, or gauge how changes to operations may impact nearby buildings. Understanding all potential impacts is critical when making investment decisions regarding mitigations of facility siting risks. Many of these challenges can be addressed by creating a single map of the site using a high‐resolution satellite image embedded into a CAD file. By utilizing layering capabilities, contours from individual scenarios can be drawn on individual layers and viewed individually or used together to create an overall map to enable siting of occupied facilities. By having each potential hazard type drawn on a single map, one can quickly evaluate the potential hazards that impact a particular area and see whether a particular potential hazard is dominant. This can help in deciding where to site buildings, whether or not a building occupancy can be increased, evaluation of efficacy of risk mitigation measures, and emergency response efforts.
HrTPS12 gene dramatically enhanced insect resistance of sea buckthorn to infection by fruit fly (Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa Kol.)
Authors: Zhao Lin , Cao Dandan , Su Zhi , Fu Xiaohong , Li Yanyan , Wei Jianrong , Liu Jianfeng
Published: June 2023

Background

Terpenoids emitted from plants are important for regulating plant‐insect interaction. However, it is still unclear how terpenoids affect the host defense system. There are few reports of terpenoids' involvement in the mechanisms that regulate woody plants' insect resistance.

Results

The (E)‐β‐ocimene of terpenes was only found in RBO‐resist leaves, and its content was higher than that of other type terpenes. Further, we also found (E)‐β‐ocimene had a significant avoidance effect on RBO and reached 87.5% of the highest avoidance rate. Meanwhile, overexpression of HrTPS12 in Arabidopsis increased the HrTPS12 expression level, (E)‐β‐ocimene content, and enhanced the defense against RBO. However, silencing HrTPS12 in sea buckthorn revealed that the expression levels of HrTPS12 and (E)‐β‐ocimene significantly decreased, causing the attraction effect on RBO.

Conclusion

HrTPS12 was an up‐regulator, which improves sea buckthorn resistance to RBO by regulating the synthesis of volatile (E)‐β‐ocimene. These results provide in‐depth information about the interaction between RBO and sea buckthorn and provide a theoretical basis for developing plant‐based insect repellents that can be used to manage RBO. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Alone, together: On the benefits of Bayesian borrowing in a meta‐analytic setting
Authors: Harari Ofir , Soltanifar Mohsen , Verhoek Andre , Heeg Bart
Published: June 2023

It is common practice to use hierarchical Bayesian model for the informing of a pediatric randomized controlled trial (RCT) by adult data, using a prespecified borrowing fraction parameter (BFP). This implicitly assumes that the BFP is intuitive and corresponds to the degree of similarity between the populations. Generalizing this model to any historical studies, naturally leads to empirical Bayes meta‐analysis. In this paper we calculate the Bayesian BFPs and study the factors that drive them. We prove that simultaneous mean squared error reduction relative to an uninformed model is always achievable through application of this model. Power and sample size calculations for a future RCT, designed to be informed by multiple external RCTs, are also provided. Potential applications include inference on treatment efficacy from independent trials involving either heterogeneous patient populations or different therapies from a common class.